bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating short-chain and branched short-chain fatty acids and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the 4C Study
Authors: Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Jia Xiaojing , Lin Yiting , Hu Chunyan , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Zheng Jie , Zhao Xinjie , Li Yanli , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Hu Ruying , Ye Zhen , Shi Lixin , Su Qing , Chen Yuhong , Yu Xuefeng , Yan Li , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Qin Guijun , Wan Qin , Chen Gang , Dai Meng , Zhang Di , Qiu Bihan , Zhu Xiaoyan , Liu Ruixin , Wang Xiao , Tang Xulei , Gao Zhengnan , Shen Feixia , Gu Xuejiang , Luo Zuojie , Qin Yingfen , Chen Li , Hou Xinguo , Huo Yanan , Li Qiang , Wang Guixia , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Deng Huacong , Zhao Jiajun , Mu Yiming , Xu Guowang , Lai Shenghan , Li Donghui , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Lu Jieli ,   4C Study Group
Published: January 2025

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3,414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study. In fully adjusted conditional logistic regression models, total SCFAs, total BCFAs, and isovaleric acid were significantly associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (P<0.05). Interestingly, gender-specific analysis showed that per standard deviation (SD) increment of SCFAs were positively associated with incident T2DM among women, with the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.16 (1.05−1.29) for total SCFAs and 1.18 ( 1.07−1.31) for propionate, respectively (P < 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). No significant associations were observed in men. A significant interaction was detected between men and women for propionate (Pinteraction < 0.001, FDR < 0.01). After further adjustment of insulin measures, the associations of serum propionate with diabetes remained significant (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.05). Meanwhile, the associations of total BCFAs and isovaleric acid with diabetes were partially mediated by triglycerides, insulin resistance, and β-cell function in mediation analysis. These findings, for the first time in a large prospective cohort, provide evidence for an association between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with T2DM risk, and support the potential role of circulating propionate with gender disparities in the early pathogenesis of diabetes.
A multiband study of pulsar glitches with Fermi-LAT and Parkes
Authors: Liu P , Yuan J -P , Ge M -Y , Ye W -T , Zhou S -Q , Dang S -J , Zhou Z -R , Gügercinoğlu E , Tu Z -H , Wang P , Li A , Li D , Wang N
Published: January 2025

Pulsar glitch is a phenomenon characterized by abrupt changes in the spin period over less than a minute. We present a comprehensive analysis of glitches in four gamma-ray pulsars by combining the timing observation data from Fermi-Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and Parkes 64 m radio telescope. The timing data of five pulsars, namely PSRs J1028–5819, J1420–6048, J1509–5850, J1709–4429 (B1706–44), and J1718–3825, are examined over 14 yr of observations for each. A total of 12 glitches are identified in four pulsars, including a previously unreported glitch. That is, a new small glitch is identified for PSR J1718–3825 in MJD $\sim$ 59121(8), with a fractional glitch size of $\Delta \nu /\nu \sim 1.9(2) \times 10^{-9}$. For PSR J1420–6048, our investigation confirms the presence of two linear recovery terms during the evolution of $\dot{\nu }$ following glitches 4, 6, and 8. Moreover, an exponential recovery process was identified after glitch 8, with a recovery fraction (Q) of $Q = 0.0131(5)$ and a corresponding time-scale of $\tau _{\rm d} = 100(6)$ d. Regarding the fourth glitch of PSR J1709–4429, our analysis reveals the presence of two exponential recovery terms with degree of recovery and decay time-scales Q1 = 0.0104(5), $\tau _{\rm d1}=72(4)$ d, and Q2 = 0.006(1), $\tau _{\rm d2}=4.2(6)$ d, respectively. For the remaining previously reported glitches, we also refine the glitch epochs and recovery process through precise fitting of the timing data. We discuss how multiband data of glitches can help better characterize the glitch recoveries and constrain the underlying physics of glitch events. Our findings demonstrate that the accumulation of observational data reveals the rich complexity of the glitch phenomenon, aiding in the search for a well-established interpretation.
Database of Martian dust optical properties in the UV-vis-NIR
Authors: Martikainen Julia , Muñoz Olga , Gómez Martín Juan Carlos , Passas Varo María , Jardiel Teresa , Peiteado Marco , Willame Yannick , Neary Lori , Becker Tim , Wurm Gerhard
Published: January 2025

The experimental data base of scattering matrices of three well-characterized Martian dust analogues with narrow particle size distributions representative of Martian dust aerosols is used to check the the suitability of hexahedra model particles to reproduce the scattering behaviour of realistic polydisperse irregular particles at 488 and 640 nm. In general, the hexahedra model performs well. The scattering matrix elements as functions of the scattering angle can be reproduced with good accuracy for particle size distributions that contain small particles; however, the discrepancies increase with increasing particle size due to wavelength-scale surface roughness and internal structure found within large dust grains that are not accounted for by the smooth hexahedra model particles. We further perform sensitivity tests to study the effect of absorption, real part of the complex refractive index, and particle size distribution within the model to understand their contribution to the modelled scattering matrix elements. By using the best-fitting parameters from the sensitivity study, we have created a data base of optical properties that includes bulk extinction efficiencies, single-scattering albedos, asymmetry factors, extinction cross-sections, and phase matrices of the analogue samples from 200 to 2000 nm. The obtained values can be further used in radiative-transfer simulations. This work emphasizes the importance of accounting for the full scattering matrix as information on particle shape, size, and complex refractive index is lost when omitting polarization.
Eccentric planet–disc interactions: orbital migration and eccentricity evolution
Authors: Fairbairn Callum W , Rafikov Roman R
Published: January 2025

Gravitational coupling between a protoplanetary disc and an embedded eccentric planet is an important, long-standing problem, which has been not yet been conclusively explored. Here, we study the torque and associated orbital evolution of an eccentric planet in a 2D disc via the semi-analytical, fully global linear approach. Our methodology has the advantage that the spatial structure of the density waves launched by the planet is solved for fully. This allows us to account for the possibility of torque excitation over an extended radial interval for each Fourier harmonic of the perturbation, as opposed to earlier approximate treatments localized around Lindblad and corotation resonances. We systematically explore the torque behaviour across the space of disc properties (assuming power-law profiles for the disc surface density and temperature), including the aspect ratio. Crucially, we examine the torque variation as the orbital eccentricity becomes supersonic relative to the gas motion (when planetary eccentricity is of order the disc aspect ratio), finding that the torque robustly reverses its sign near this transition. We also find that for shallow surface density gradients planetary migration may become outwards beyond this transition, although the rapid eccentricity damping (which is typically $\sim 10^2$ times faster than the orbital migration rate) would quickly restore inwards migration as the planet circularizes. Our self-consistently computed torques are in qualitative agreement with past numerical studies of eccentric planet–disc coupling. We provide our torque data for different disc parameters to the community for future testing and implementation in population synthesis studies.
Effect of gas accretion on α-element bimodality in Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE-2 simulations
Authors: Parul Hanna , Bailin Jeremy , Loebman Sarah R , Wetzel Andrew , Barry Megan , Bhattarai Binod
Published: January 2025

We analyse the stellar distributions on the [Fe/H]–[Mg/Fe] plane for 11 Milky Way-mass galaxies from the FIRE-2 cosmological baryonic zoom-in simulations. Alpha-element bimodality, in the form of two separate sequences on the [Fe/H]–[Mg/Fe] plane, is not a universal feature of disc galaxies. Five galaxies demonstrate double sequences with the $\alpha$-enriched one being older and kinematically hotter, in qualitative agreement with the high-$\alpha$ and low-$\alpha$ populations in the Milky Way disc; three galaxies have unimodal distribution, two show weakly bimodal features where low-$\alpha$ sequence is visible only over a short range of metallicities, and one show strong bimodality with a different slope of high-$\alpha$ population. We examine the galaxies’ gas accretion history over the last 8 Gyr, when bimodal sequences emerge, and demonstrate that the presence of the low-$\alpha$ sequence in the bimodal galaxies is related to the recent infall of metal-poor gas from the circumgalactic medium that joins the galaxy in the outskirts and induces significant growth of the gas discs compared to their non-bimodal counterparts. We also analyse the sources of the accreted gas and illustrate that both gas-rich mergers and smooth accretion of ambient gas can be the source of the accreted gas, and create slightly different bimodal patterns.
Mining the time axis with TRON – I. Millisecond pulsars in Omega Centauri, Terzan 5, and 47 Tucanae detected through MeerKAT interferometric imaging
Authors: Smirnov O M , Heywood I , Geyer M , Myburgh T , Tasse C , Kenyon J S , Perkins S  J , Dawson J , Bester H L , Bright J S , Ngcebetsha B , Oozeer N , Samboco V  G  G , Sihlangu I , Choza C , Siemion A P V
Published: January 2025

Medium-time-scale (minutes to hours) radio transients are a relatively unexplored population. The wide field-of-view and high instantaneous sensitivity of instruments such as MeerKAT provides an opportunity to probe this class of sources, using image-plane detection techniques. We aim to systematically mine archival synthesis imaging data in order to search for medium-time-scale transients and variables that are not detected by conventional long-track image synthesis techniques. We deploy a prototype blind transient and variable search pipeline named Transient Radio Observations for Newbies. This processes calibrated visibility data, constructs high-time cadence images, performs a search for variability on multiple time-scales, and extracts light curves for detected sources. As proof of concept, we apply it to three MeerKAT observations of globular clusters, known to host transient or variable sources. We detect a previously known eclipsing MSP suspected to be a ‘black widow’ system, in the globular cluster Omega Centauri, with a light curve confirming the eclipsing nature of the emission. We detect a previously known ‘red back’ eclipsing MSP in the globular cluster Terzan 5. Using observations of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, we detect two known millisecond pulsars (MSPs), and one previously reported MSP candidate, with hints of eclipsing behaviour.
Biomolecular condensation of human IDRs initiates endogenous transcription via intrachromosomal looping or high-density promoter localization
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Shizhe , Kim Sunghwan , Goell Jacob , Drum Zachary Allen , Flores John Patrick , Ma Alex J , Mahata Barun , Escobar Mario , Raterink Alex , Ahn Jeong Hyun , Terán Erik R , Guerra-Resendez Rosa Selenia , Zhou Yuhao , Yu Bo , Diehl Michael R , Wang Gang Greg , Gustavsson Anna-Karin , Phanstiel Douglas H , Hilton Isaac B
Published: January 2025

Protein intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are critical gene-regulatory components and aberrant fusions between IDRs and DNA-binding/chromatin-associating domains cause diverse human cancers. Despite this importance, how IDRs influence gene expression, and how aberrant IDR fusion proteins provoke oncogenesis, remains incompletely understood. Here we develop a series of synthetic dCas9-IDR fusions to establish that locus-specific recruitment of IDRs can be sufficient to stimulate endogenous gene expression. Using dCas9 fused to the paradigmatic leukemogenic NUP98 IDR, we also demonstrate that IDRs can activate transcription via localized biomolecular condensation and in a manner that is dependent upon overall IDR concentration, local binding density, and amino acid composition. To better clarify the oncogenic role of IDRs, we construct clinically observed NUP98 IDR fusions and show that, while generally non-overlapping, oncogenic NUP98-IDR fusions convergently drive a core leukemogenic gene expression program in donor-derived human hematopoietic stem cells. Interestingly, we find that this leukemic program arises through differing mechanistic routes based upon IDR fusion partner; either distributed intragenic binding and intrachromosomal looping, or dense binding at promoters. Altogether, our studies clarify the gene-regulatory roles of IDRs and, for the NUP98 IDR, connect this capacity to pathological cellular programs, creating potential opportunities for generalized and mechanistically tailored therapies.
A novel, dominant disease mechanism of distal renal tubular acidosis with specific variants in ATP6V1B1
Authors: Daenen Myrte , Hureaux Marguerite , Ashton Emma , Becherucci Francesca , Barry Ian , Benz Marcus , Bjerre Anna , Buckton Andrew , Caswell Richard , Duff-Farrier Celia , Hayward Samantha , Mcallister Joseph , Moczulska Anna , Palazzo Viviana , Platt Caroline , Prajapati Hitesh , Saleem Moin , Schlingmann Karl-Peter , Telma Francisco , Zaniew Marcin , Emma Francesco , Bockenhauer Detlef
Published: January 2025

Background and hypothesis

ATP6V1B1 encodes a subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase and pathogenic variants are associated with autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) with deafness. Heterozygous variants predicted to affect a specific amino acid, Arg394, have been recurrently reported in dRTA but their significance has been unclear. We hypothesised that these variants are associated with a dominant disease mechanism.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of cases identified in our genetic laboratories and through European nephrology organisations. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, hearing and imaging studies of kidneys were collected from the index patient and, if available, from other family members. The potential disease mechanism was investigated through structural modelling in silico.

Results

Twenty index patients in total were included, of which 19 carried the variant c.1181G>A; p.(Arg394Gln) and one c.1180C>G; p.(Arg394Gly). In 7 families, more than one member was affected and the variant segregated with the disease in those with available information (15 affected, 6 unaffected), except for the unaffected mother of 2 affected children, who was mosaic. In no patient was a second causative variant in trans identified. In 8 sporadic patients and 1 affected parent, the variant was confirmed to be de novo. Both variants are absent in gnomAD. Sensorineural hearing loss was reported in 8 of the 22 patients with available information. Structural modelling supports a crucial role for Arg394 in nucleotide binding.

Conclusion

We provide strong evidence for the pathogenicity of heterozygous variants affecting Arg394 and thus a novel inheritance modus for ATP6V1B1-associated dRTA. Clinically, this form differs from the recessive one by the lower prevalence of hearing loss. The prominent position of Arg394 in the nucleotide binding fold of the H+-ATPase structure is consistent with a dominant negative mechanism. Our findings inform the diagnosis and management of patients with dRTA and variants of Arg394.
Simultaneous enhancement of efficiency, stability and stretchability in binary polymer solar cells with a three-dimensional aromatic-core tethered tetrameric acceptor
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Saimeng , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Qi , Zhang Ze , Meng Shixin , Zang Yu , Fu Hongyuan , Xue Lingwei , Ye Long , Zhang Zhi-Guo
Published: January 2025

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) leverage blend films from polymer donors and small-molecule acceptors (SMAs), offering promising opportunities for flexible power sources. However, the inherent rigidity and crystalline nature of SMAs often embrittle the polymer donor films in the constructed bulk heterojunction structure. To address this challenge, we improved the stretchability of the blend films by designing and synthesizing a tethered giant tetrameric acceptor (GTA) with increased molecular weight that promotes entanglement of individual SMA units. The key to this design is using tetraphenylmethane as the linking core to create a three-dimensional and high C2 symmetry structure, which successfully regulates their aggregation and relaxation behavior. With GTA as the acceptor, its blend films with polymer donor PM6 exhibit significantly improved stretchability, with nearly a 150% increase in crack onset strain value compared to PM6:Y6. Moreover, the PSCs achieve an increased efficiency of up to 18.71% and demonstrate outstanding photostability, maintaining >90% of their initial power conversion efficiency after operating for over 1000 hours. Our findings demonstrate that by specifically designing three-dimensional tethered SMAs and aligning their molecular weights more closely with those of polymer counterparts, we can achieve enhanced stretchability without compromising morphological stability or device efficiency.
Nucleophilic cleavage of C–F bonds by Brønsted base for rapid synthesis of fluorophosphate materials
Authors: Fu Qingfeng , Chang Zihao , Gao Peng , Zhou Wang , Dong Hongliang , Huang Peifeng , Hu Aiping , Fan Changling , Xiao Peitao , Chen Yufang , Liu Jilei
Published: January 2025

Fluorochemicals are a rapidly expanding class of materials used in a variety of fields including pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, agrochemicals, refrigerants, and in particular, alkali metal ion batteries. However, achieving one-step synthesis of pure fluorophosphate compounds in a well-controlled manner remains a formidable challenge due to the volatilization of fluorine during the heat treatment process. One feasible method is to cleave the C–F bond in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) during synthesis to create a fluorine-rich atmosphere and strongly reducing environment. However, the inert nature of the C–F bond in PTFE presents a significant obstacle, as it is the strongest single bond in organic compounds. To address this predicament, we propose a fluorine-compensating strategy that involves cleavage of the C–F bonds by nucleophilic SN2-type reactions of Brønsted base (ammonia) enabling fluorine compensation. The decomposed products (NH2· and C·) also result in the formation of micropores (via NH3 escape) and in-situ carbon coating (via C· polymerization). The resultant cathode delivers a superior potassium storage capability including high rate performance and capacity retention. This contribution not only overcomes the obstacles associated with the inert C–F bond in fluororesin, but also represents a significant step forward in the development of fluorine-containing compounds.
Defining Fulminant Clostridioides difficile Infections: Assessing the Utility of Hypotension as a Diagnostic Criterion
Authors: Chua Hubert C , Eubank Taryn A , Lee Allen , Rao Krishna , Jo Jinhee , Garey Kevin W , Gonzales-Luna Anne J
Published: January 2025

Background

Fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection (FCDI) is associated with a 30%–40% mortality rate. Guideline definitions for FCDI severity classification include ileus, megacolon, shock, or hypotension. However, no hypotension definition is provided, making application of the definition challenging. The objective of this study was to assess optimal hypotension definitions for FCDI severity criteria.

Methods

This was a multicenter cohort study involving 1172 hospitalized patients diagnosed with C difficile infection (CDI) from 2015 to 2022 (Houston cohort). Patients were assessed for a composite endpoint of colectomy or mortality within 30 days of diagnosis. The ability of the CDI severity criteria to predict the composite endpoint was assessed using 2 definitions of hypotension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≤90 mm Hg and mean arterial pressure [MAP] ≤65 mm Hg) through multivariable regression models. A separate CDI cohort of 494 hospitalized patients validated the results (Midwest cohort).

Results

The composite endpoint was similar in the Houston cohort (98 patients [8.4%]) and the Midwest cohort (26 patients [5.3%]). Using either a MAP ≤65 mm Hg or SPB ≤90 mm Hg as criteria for hypotension was the best-performing model in both the development and validation cohorts. Removal of hypotension was the worst-performing model in both cohorts.

Conclusions

Inclusion of hypotension, defined as SBP ≤90 mm Hg or MAP ≤65 mm Hg, was an important component of FCDI severity criteria, significantly improving the predictive ability to identify FCDI patients at risk for poor outcomes.
From Chart Biopsy to Liquid Biopsy: Evaluating the Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Impact of Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Next-Generation Sequencing in the Management of Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Ranganath Nischal , Bisono Garcia Bismarck , Vaillant James , Katragadda Silpita , Kerkelis Melissa , Abu Saleh Omar , Fida Madiha
Published: January 2025

Background

The underlying cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains unidentified in up to 51% of cases despite systematic evaluation. Microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing (mcfDNA-NGS) offers an agnostic, noninvasive approach to pathogen identification, but the utility and clinical impact of this assay in FUO remain unknown.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study evaluated adult patients referred for FUO evaluation at a tertiary medical center between November 2019 and November 2023. Patients underwent both standard microbiologic testing (ST) and mcfDNA-NGS. Diagnostic impact was assessed in 4 domains: new diagnoses, earlier time to diagnosis, avoidance of invasive procedures, and non-hypothesis-driven diagnoses. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of positive mcfDNA-NGS testing.

Results

Among 176 patients, mcfDNA-NGS was positive in 44.3%, with 49% of these cases considered clinically significant. Infectious cause of FUO was identified in 39% of patients, noninfectious in 35%, and unknown in 26%. mcfDNA-NGS contributed to a positive diagnostic impact in 30% of cases, mainly by earlier diagnosis (16%) and potential for avoidance of invasive procedures (10%). Positive mcfDNA-NGS was significantly associated with higher Charlson comorbidity index score (odds ratio [OR], 1.22; P < .001) and white blood cell (WBC) count ≤4.5 × 109 cells/L (OR, 8.61; P < .001). Conversely, FUO without localization was associated with a decreased likelihood of positive mcfNDA testing (OR, 0.18; P < .001).

Conclusions

mcfDNA-NGS effectively complements ST in diagnosing FUO, providing earlier detection and minimizing invasive testing. Clinical predictors such as high comorbidity and low WBC count may guide the optimal use of mcfDNA-NGS in FUO. Prospective evaluation of optimal timing and use of mcfDNA-NGS and cost-benefit analysis in FUO is needed.
Clinical Epidemiology of Dengue and COVID-19 Co-infection Among the Residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2021–2023: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharif Nadim , Opu Rubayet Rayhan , Khan Afsana , Saha Tama , Masud Abdullah Ibna , Naim Jannatin , Martinez Zaily Leticia Velázquez , García Carlos Osorio , Alsuwat Meshari A , Alzahrani Fuad M , Alzahrani Khalid J , De la Torre Díez Isabel , Dey Shuvra Kanti
Published: January 2025

Background

Co-infection of dengue and COVID-19 has increased the health burden worldwide. We found a significant knowledge gap in epidemiology and risk factors of co-infection in Bangladesh.

Methods

This study included 2458 participants from Dhaka city from 1 December 2021 to November 30 2023. We performed the Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test. Multivariable logistic regression was also performed.

Results

Co-infection of dengue and COVID-19 was found among 31% of the participants. Coprevalence of dengue and COVID-19 was found in higher frequency in Jatrabari (14%) and Motijhil (11%). Severe (65%, P = .001) and very severe (78%, P = .005) symptoms were prevalent among the participants aged >50 years. Long-term illness was prevalent among the participants with co-infection (35%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 33–36) and COVID-19 (28%; 95% CI, 26–30). Co-infected participants had a higher frequency of heart damage (31.6%, P = .005), brain fog (22%, P = .03), and kidney damage (49.3%, P = .001). Fever (100%) was the most prevalent symptom followed by weakness (89.6%), chills (82.4%), fatigue (81.4%), headache (80.6%), feeling thirsty (76.3%), myalgia (75%), pressure in the chest (69.1%), and shortness of breath (68.3%), respectively. Area of residence (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% CI, 1.96–2.49, P = .01), number of family members (OR, 1.45; 95% CI ,1.08–1.87; P <.001), and population density (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 2.15–3.01; P = .001) were associated with higher odds of co-infection. We found that coinfected participants had a 4 times higher risk of developing severe health conditions (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 4.11–4.67; P = .02).

Conclusions

This is one of the early epidemiologic studies of co-infection of dengue and COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
Discovery of a locus associated with susceptibility to esca in grapevine
Authors: Arnold Guillaume , Prado Emilce , Dumas Vincent , Butterlin Gisèle , Duchêne Éric , Merdinoglu Didier , Avia Komlan
Published: January 2025

Esca is the most destructive and predominant of grapevine trunk disease. The chronic infections and vine mortality caused by esca syndrome leads to huge economic losses and threatens the sustainability of vineyards worldwide. Esca is caused by numerous wood-decay and wood-decay associated fungi, but its full etiology remains unclear due to the grapevine trunk disease complex, making effective control methods challenging. As differences in esca susceptibility have already been observed among grapevine varieties, we investigated the presence of genetic factors that can explain theses variations using a Riesling x Gewurztraminer progeny. Thanks to the destructive phenotyping of a 16-year-old vineyard plot, we discovered that the Gewurztraminer variety carries on chromosome 1 a locus linked to variations in trunk necrosis associated with esca, which we have named Esca Necrosis Susceptibility 1 (ENS1). Our study also suggests that there is a partial link between trunk vigor and necrosis due to esca. To our best knowledge, ENS1 is the first instance of genetic factor identified as involved in the limitation of necrosis associated to grapevine esca. While the identification of ENS1 alone may not provide a complete resolution of the issue, this discovery nonetheless represents a first step towards a genetic solution and paves the way for broader genetic investigations in the future.
Sunflower Head Rot Diseases: Botrytis Head Rot and Bacterial Head Rot
Authors: Ryley Malcolm , Thompson Susan , Harveson Robert M. , Gulya Thomas , Block Charles , Mathew Febina , Markell Samuel
Published: January 2025

Sunflower is the fourth most produced vegetable oil worldwide and is ranked fifth of the 13 cultivated crops of major importance to global food security (FAO 2022; Hajjar and Hodgkin 2007; Seiler et al. 2018). Sunflower is affected by many economically-important and yield-limiting diseases, and this article is the first of an anticipated series of Plant Health Progress - Diagnostic Guides on significant heads diseases of sunflower. This follows a similar series of Plant Health Progress - Diagnostic Guides on sunflower stem diseases (Harveson et al. 2018, Ryley et al. 2021). Here we present information on Botrytis head rot and Bacterial rots, while information on Rhizopus head rot, Sclerotinia head rot, and the Phomopsis/Diaporthe head rots is anticipated in the near future. Botrytis head rot caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. can be a common and significant disease in favorable environments while bacterial rots usually occur opportunistically and sporadically resulting in limited yield loss. In this paper, we concentrate on providing information to identify and distinguish these diseases, a comprehensive review of methods and techniques for working with the causal pathogens, and emphasizing the importance of disease cycles for identification and management.
Topographical and Refractive Outcomes After Corneal Cross-linking in Novice Scleral Lens Users
Authors: Aisien Faith , Di Meglio Laura , Bower Kraig , Crum Amanda
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To determine if scleral fittings that occur before corneal cross-linking (CXL) are still successful after the procedure.

Methods:

This prospective study included seven patients with keratoconus or post–laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal ectasia who were fitted with scleral lenses then underwent CXL. Four patients (six eyes) had keratoconus and three patients (five eyes) had post-LASIK ectasia. Topographic and refractive parameters, as well as uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and scleral lens–corrected visual acuity were collected preoperatively and compared with values 1 and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:

Ten eyes had no significant change in refractive parameters from baseline to 3 months (P>0.05). Nine eyes had no significant change in Km (mean keratometry), K2 (steep keratometry), Kmax (maximal corneal curvature), or pachymetry from baseline to 3 months (P>0.05). On average, there was no significant difference regarding scleral lens or topographic measurements preoperatively versus postoperatively (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

On average, no significant differences were observed between preoperative and postoperative corneal measurements or refractive correction. These findings suggest that scleral fittings could be introduced before CXL to expedite the process of lens prescription and future acquisition. Safe scleral lens use with a lens fit before surgery could resume 1 month postoperatively.
Lacrimal Sac CLL: A Review of Clinical Features, Investigations, and Management
Authors: Reigler Oliver , Ben Ishai Meydan , Oliphant Huw
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This study reviews all reported cases of lacrimal gland chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to identify patterns in clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management to aid in early recognition and treatment of this uncommon occurrence.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of medical literature databases was performed to identify studies reporting lacrimal sac involvement in CLL from 1970 to 2024. Data were extracted regarding demographics, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes.

Results:

Thirty-three cases of CLL lacrimal sac infiltration were identified. The median age was 71, with a slight female predominance of 54.5%. The most common symptoms were epiphora (63.6%) and pseudo-dacryocystitis or symptoms of dacryocystitis (48.5%). A significant proportion of patients (87.9%) had a known history of CLL at presentation. Chemotherapy combined with surgery was the most frequent treatment, 48.4%, with a positive response in 93.3% of patients. Local recurrence occurred in 10.3% of cases, predominantly in those treated with chemotherapy and surgery, or surgery alone.

Conclusions:

Lacrimal sac CLL, though rare, should be considered in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, especially those with a prior CLL diagnosis. Early diagnosis can be aided by imaging and histopathological evaluation, and treatment typically results in favorable outcomes with low recurrence rates. Tailoring treatment based on individual patient factors is essential for optimal management.
The Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Facial Nerve Palsy Using a Population-Based Method
Authors: Hwang Christopher J. , Alshami Sarah , Hodge David O. , Bradley Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To update the epidemiological patterns of facial nerve palsy (FNP) in Olmsted County, MN.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review using the Rochester Epidemiology Project database was conducted. Patients aged ≥18 years receiving a diagnosis of FNP within the Rochester Epidemiology Project database from the years 2000 to 2010 were included in the study. Data collected included age, gender, cause of FNP, degree of paralysis, medical and/or surgical management, and outcomes. Overall incidence rates were determined using gender-specific population figures for Olmsted County. Incidence trends were compared with previous Rochester Epidemiology Project studies.

Results:

The most common cause for FNP was Bell palsy (70.3% of cases). The overall incidence rate for Bell palsy in Olmsted County from 2000 to 2010 was 39.9 (95% CI, 36.1–43.7) per 100,000 person-years. This is an absolute increase of 14.9 per 100,000 person-years and a 60% relative increase in Bell palsy compared with a previous study performed at Mayo Clinic using the Rochester Epidemiology Project database population data from 1968 to 1982. Patients were infrequently evaluated by an ophthalmologist (8.4% of cases), and surgical intervention to address ophthalmic sequelae was rare (1.7% of cases).

Conclusions:

The incidence of Bell palsy has increased dramatically over previous studies, which has occurred in the setting of declining herpes simplex virus type 1 seropositivity trends and increasing herpes zoster incidence in the United States. Few patients with FNP are referred to ophthalmologists, which may represent a gap in care for both acute and long-term ophthalmic sequelae.
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome: A 2012-2022 Update on the Most Common Causes
Authors: Yao Melissa , Mudalegundi Shwetha , Eid Kevin , Bundogji Nour , Kelkar Neil , Werner Liliana , Mamalis Nick
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To identify trends in the reporting of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) to the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) TASS Force from 2012-2022.

Setting:

John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

TASS questionnaires on instrument cleaning and sterilization, and extraocular and intraocular products used during cataract surgery were available on the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery website. A retrospective analysis of questionnaires submitted by surgical centers reporting cases of TASS was performed between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022, to identify commonly held practices that could cause TASS.

Results:

Data from 77 questionnaires were analyzed. The reporting centers performed 56,319 cataract surgeries and reported 539 cases of TASS from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022. Common practices associated with the TASS outbreaks in the surveys included re-use of single-use cannulas, phacoemulsification, and irrigation/aspiration tips (69%), use of enzymatic cleaners (40%), inadequate flushing of phacoemulsification and irrigation/aspiration handpieces (27%), reuse of phacoemulsification tubing (22%), use of preservative-containing intracameral anesthetic (18%), and addition of antibiotics to balanced salt solution (17%).

Conclusions:

The surveys identified commonly held practices associated with TASS while showcasing trends over the past 10 years. Understanding these findings and the safe alternatives will allow surgical center personnel to change their practices as needed to prevent this complication.
Insufficient pretransplant induction therapy is associated with diffuse intrahepatic cholangiopathy in ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure
Authors: Hu Chih-Yao , Chen Cheng-Yen , Tsai Hsin-Lin , Le Hao-Jan , Tsou Yi-Fan , Kuo Fang-Cheng , Tsai Pei-Chin , Chung Meng-Hsuan , Chou Shu-Cheng , Wang Shen-Chih , Hsia Cheng-Yuan , Loong Che-Chuan , Liu Chin-Su , Lin Niang-Cheng
Published: January 2025

Background:

ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABOi LT) can now be successfully performed with standard pretransplant induction therapy. For patients with chronic end-stage liver disease (ESLD), ABOi LT can achieve long-term outcomes comparable to those of blood type-compatible (ABOc) LT. Outcomes of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) who undergo urgent transplantation surgery with a limited induction period should be further investigated.

Methods:

Between 2004 and 2023, adult patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were enrolled. Based on the chronicity of liver disease and the transplant type, patients were divided into 4 groups for outcome analysis: ALF patients who received ABOi LDLT, ALF patients who received ABOc LDLT, ESLD patients who received ABOi LDLT, and ESLD patients who received ABOc LDLT.

Results:

Four instances of diffuse intrahepatic cholangiopathy (DIC) occurred in the ABOi LDLT group (n=3, 27.3% in group 1 and n=1, 2.6% in group 3, p=0.03). In ABOi LDLT patients, rituximab was administered closer to LT in group 1 (5 [3~6] days before LDLT) than that in group 3 (15 [14~22] days before LDLT) (p<0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that ALF, small graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), low rituximab dose (<210 mg/m 2) and postoperative rebound of isoagglutinin immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody titers were factors contributing to an increased risk of DIC. Allograft loss eventually occurred in 3 of the 4 patients with DIC. Overall, ABOi LDLT showed inferior long-term outcomes for ALF (5-year patient survival: 62.3%/73.6%/74.1%/76.7% in groups 1/2/3/4, respectively, p=0.25).

Conclusion:

ABOi LDLT achieved outcomes comparable to those of ABOc LDLT among ESLD patients but not among ALF patients. DIC results in a high risk of allograft loss; however, the combination of potent immunosuppressive agents and early recognition of antibody rebound and the initiation of salvage treatment may improve long-term outcomes among these patients.
Type II Lepra Reaction With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report With Challenges in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Zhu Rui-Xuan , Jiang Yu-Meng , Zhan Yi , Xiao Rong , Yuan Shu-Juan , Zhang Gui-Ying , Chen Huan
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Leprosy-related type II lepra reaction (T2LR) is a rare immune-mediated complication that typically treated with glucocorticoids and thalidomide. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is marked by increased intracranial pressure leading to symptoms like headache and vision loss. Here we report a rare case of concomitant T2LR and IIH. Here, we reported a woman with leprosy T2LR with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Case presentation:

A 35-year-old woman with leprosy who developed T2LR received regular glucocorticoid and thalidomide treatment for 2 years. She subsequently experienced progressive vision loss, which was initially misdiagnosed as optic neuritis. After high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, her condition worsened. The patient was later found to have elevated intracranial pressure and was ultimately diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. She was treated with cerebrospinal fluid diversion, which relieved her symptoms. Although the exact cause of her vision loss and intracranial hypertension was unclear, it was speculated to be related to T2LR. The patient was mildly obese and had received high-dose corticosteroids, both of which are known risk factors for intracranial hypertension. T2LR is associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine levels, which can enhance choroid plexus permeability, potentially leading to intracranial hypertension.

Discussion:

IIH and T2LR are both rare conditions, and evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators in T2LR may increase choroid plexus permeability, raising intracranial pressure. In this case, mild obesity, female sex, and prolonged corticosteroid therapy for T2LR likely increase the risk for IIH. Long-term glucocorticoid use is associated with IIH, as it may increase intracranial pressure through local cortisol activation in the choroid plexus. The patient’s misdiagnosis of optic neuritis, due to a lack of typical IIH symptoms, delayed appropriate treatment and led to vision loss. This case emphasizes the importance of considering IIH in patients on chronic corticosteroids presenting with unusual vision changes.

Conclusion:

While this case may represent an extreme instance, it highlights a broader issue: prolonged steroid use can increase intracranial pressure to varying degrees, and not all patients with elevated intracranial pressure experience headaches. Clinicians should be aware of this possibility in patients undergoing long-term steroid treatment and conduct thorough evaluations to detect such complications.
Exertional Compartment Syndrome Strategies for Evaluation and Management
Authors: Strauss Michael , Wilson Katherine , Xian Sammy , Chan Adam
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The exertional compartment syndrome (ECS) is often a delayed diagnosis. Compartment pressure measurements (CPM) confirm the diagnosis. Herein we present our algorithm for the evaluation and management (E&M) of ECS. It avoids multiple CPM and shows the importance of the history and examination for E&M of the ECS.

Design:

A literature review showed that limb abnormalities are hardly ever mentioned. Subsequently we show how the history, examination (for recognizing abnormalities), and CPM integrate with our algorithm for E&M of the ECS.

Setting:

Our algorithm evolved for a 32-year interval and approximately 150 ECS evaluations.

Patients:

Our E&M method was used for the above complement of patients.

Interventions:

The symptomatic muscle compartment(s) and the severity of pain during the inciting activity are ascertained. The examination detects abnormalities and tautness of muscle compartments. This information integrated into our ECS algorithm establishes which compartments need CPM.

Main Outcome Measures:

Pain severity is quantified on a 0- to 10-point scale. This information is integrated with history, examination findings, and CPMs to guide E&M for a range of ECS presentations.

Results:

Abnormalities detected on the examination often explain why ECS occurs. This information is valued by the patient, minimizes CPM, and offers sound advice for E&M.

Conclusions:

Our article heightens awareness of the ECS diagnosis for all levels of care providers. It objectifies pain severity, shows the importance of the examination, and minimizes ECM in giving advice to the referral sources.
Cutaneous Intertriginous Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Adults: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Mansfield Patricia K. , Tinker Daniel , Smith Emily , Burkemper Nicole M. , Smith Kristin , Guo Aibing Mary
Published: January 2025

Objective

Authors characterized all published adult cases of cutaneous, intertriginous Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) to bring this clinical presentation to the attention of clinicians. We emphasize the morphology, histopathology, immunohistochemical profiles, and genetic mutations associated with these cases.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review of the National Center for Biotechnology Information's PubMed was conducted, utilizing the following specific key words to identify all adult LCH patients with cutaneous intertriginous involvement: “Intertriginous Langerhans,” “Vulvar Langerhans,” “Genital Langerhans,” “Perineal Langerhans,” “Perianal Langerhans,” “Intergluteal Langerhans,” “Inguinal Langerhans,” “Axillary Langerhans,” and “Inframammary Langerhans.” Reports were subjected to strict inclusion criteria: case reports, case series, or meta-analyses documenting case(s) of biopsy-proven LCH with cutaneous, intertriginous involvement in adult patients (>18 years of age at the time of diagnosis).

Results

This systematic review identified 1 original and 121 published cases of biopsy-proven, cutaneous, intertriginous LCH in adult patients. Morphology commonly included eroded, ulcerated papules and plaques, and rare presentations demonstrated potential mimickers (hidradenitis suppurativa, deep fungal mycosis, condyloma accuminata).

Conclusions

This systematic review encompasses the largest compilation of adult cutaneous intertriginous LCH cases in the medical literature to our knowledge to date. This study identifies an important clinical presentation of this rare, commonly pediatric diagnosis; highlights trends among these cases and important clinical mimickers; and serves as a reminder to clinicians to maintain suspicion for LCH in adult populations, particularly in the setting of intertriginous cutaneous involvement.
Interprofessional Collaboration as a Best Practice Across the Care Continuum
Authors: Campagna Vivian , Lee-Riley Lorna
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Interprofessional teams are increasingly being recognized as a best practice for enhancing cooperation among multiple disciplines in delivering person-centered care and improving outcomes. Unlike previous models, such as the multidisciplinary team in which each profession or discipline remained largely siloed, with interprofessional teams collaboration occurs across disciplines. For case managers, the interprofessional team concept aligns with the collaborative, professionally diverse nature of the field of practice. As the Commission for Case Manager Certification (CCMC) states: “The practice of case management is professional and collaborative, occurring in a variety of settings where medical care, mental health care, and social supports are delivered. Services are facilitated by diverse disciplines in conjunction with the care recipient and their support system” (2024b, CCMC Definition and Philosophy, p.1). Although interprofessional teams may be more familiar in settings such as acute care, this dynamic can be found, formally and informally, across health and human services. Professional case managers who actively participate in interprofessional teams will likely find more opportunities to optimize collaboration and collective decision-making that bring out the best of every profession and discipline.

Primary Practice Settings:

Interprofessional teams can be found in multiple care settings including acute care, subacute care, community-based care, palliative/end-of-life and other settings that benefit from a person-centered approach that supports successful transitions of care and improved outcomes.

Implications for Case Management Practice:

Professional case managers are valued members of interprofessional teams, in that they are typically collaborative, promote open communication, and encourage cooperation among various disciplines. Interprofessional teams, however, may require a shift in thinking away from the former multidisciplinary model, in which case managers often acted as the hub connecting the spokes of each discipline. Within interprofessional teams, the individual is at the center, and every discipline will share leadership based on the individual’s needs or the treatment protocol or other intervention needed in the moment. In this way, interprofessional teams become a model for empowering and allowing each discipline to step up and address specific aspects of treatment or other interventions.