bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Bricolage on Organizational Innovation Through Recognition of Opportunities
Authors: Ali Shoaib , Azam Farooq , Naveed Hafiz Muhammad , Qayyum Muneeba , Ahmed Naveed
Published: September 2020

Although several studies have presented bricolage as a method in the context of new projects to address resource limitations, none have specifically explored the effects of bricolage to find potential on organizational innovation prospects within the context of recognition of opportunity. The purpose of this research is to identify how the bricolage effect on organization innovation through the recognition of opportunities. The prior study was adopted a causal and comparative design of a quantitative approach while a cross-sectional survey technique is determined to gather data by questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique is adopted to select 242 employees of various Chinese organizations who are working in Pakistan. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and simple linear regression is regressed to analyze the data through inferential statistical techniques. The results of the study showed there is no substantial change of bricolage on organizational innovation by recognition of opportunities based on the number of staff, year of initiation, and position of the employee. However, it is suggested that organizations should hold training and conferences to raise awareness among workers about the recognition of opportunities and their benefits. This study could be useful to decision-makers, Chinese, and resident investors who plan to invest in Pakistan. Investors can take benefit from understanding the local economy and organization innovation by recognition of opportunities.
Association Between Fomesafen and Surfactants for the Pre-emergence Control of Euphorbia heterophylla L.
Authors: Viecelli Matheus , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzzel , Pagnoncelli Jr Fortunato De Bortolli , Cavalheiro Bruna Mandryk , Gobetti Renata Caroline Rossoni , Campos José Ricardo da Rocha , Machado Felipe , Tonatto Matheus
Published: September 2020

This work was conducted with the objective to determine Euphorbia heterophylla control with fomesafen in association with surfactants applied in pre-emergence, in substrates and soils with different characteristics. Three studies were carried out in pots, conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized experimental design. The first two studies consisted of investigating the efficacy of pre-emergence combinations of fomesafen and surfactant in the control of E. heterophylla, applied on different substrates (Study 1) and soils (Study 2) with different textural classes. Study 3 was carried out to evaluate the effect of fomesafen, applied in pre-emergence and in combination with adjuvants with different HLB's (hydrophilic-lipophilic balances). The herbicide efficacy on E. heterophylla and plant shoot dry mass were evaluated. The association of adjuvant to fomesafen, in pre-emergence, reduced plant growth in the different substrates and soils. The fomesafen response was influenced by the addition of surfactants with different HLB's. The increase in organic matter content in substrates or soil was related to the decrease of the effect of the surfactants on the control of E. heterophylla with fomesafen, or the effect was only manifested in higher herbicide dosages. Fomesafen associated with surfactant with HLB of 8.6 provided the highest levels of weed control.
Neuromuscular Disorders: Clinical, Genomic and Proteomic Databases
Authors: Abdel Aleem Alice
Published: September 2020

Building clinical and genetic databases for inherited muscle diseases in Qatar was one of our aims
for the PPM1 grant that we were awarded. Through this QNRF-funded research grant, 267 subjects
were enrolled: 222 subjects were recruited and 45 patients’ data were collected from the medical
records of HMC-Cerner system. Of the 267 subjects, 127 were patients and 140 were unaffected family
members. All recruitments were at HMC-site. Clinical data collection and data entry for NMDs patients
have been completed for 124 of the 127 patients (3 patients removed from the clinical database due
to a confirmed genetic diagnosis of a central disease associated with muscle weakness rather than
primary muscular diseases). The 124 patients were derived from 104 families of 18 different ethnicities.
The percent distributions of three main ethnic groups were 54% Qatari patients, 28% Arab (non-Qatari)
and 18% as non-Arab. The Arab non-Qatari families involved 10 ethnicities and the non-Arab families
involved 7 ethnicities. The ethnic origin of the 104 families was distributed over 6 subcontinents; 69%
were West Asian, 13% South Asian, 11% North African, 4% sub-saharan African, 2% southeast Asian,
and 1% Western European. We categorized the NMDs in our patients’ cohort into 9 main clinical groups
with the congenital muscular dystrophy, CMD, as the most prevalent group. The genetic analysis of 118
NMDs patients, applying whole genome sequencing, has successfully identified the disease-causing
genes in 95 patients. The causative genes have remained yet unidentified in 23 patients. The concluded
detection rate in our cohort was 81%. Two founder recessively inherited mutations, in LAMA2 and SCGA
genes were identified in Qatari patients. Details of the distribution of mutated genes and variants’
inheritance/ classification will be presented. Applying the Aptamer-based Somalogic large scale
proteomic screening, our study identified 58 of 1317 protein markers significantly altered in patients as
compared to the healthy control. 73 of 1317 markers were significantly altered in a selected subgroup
of patients that had LAMA2 related congenital muscular dystrophy. There were 32 proteins in common
between all cases and the subgroup. Of these 32 common proteins, 21 markers have been shown to
replicate another published international study on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, which points to a
high reliability of our results.
Genomic and National Databases: Rare Diseases and Precision Medicine Perspectives: Panel Discussion
Authors: Ismail Said , Al Sulaiman Reem , Fakhro Khalid , Yousri Noha , Saad Mohamed , Afifi Nahla , Straub Volker , Abdel Aleem Alice
Published: September 2020

Qatar has tremendous efforts and expanded funds in establishing highly-informative genomic
resources. Qatar Biobank for Medical Research and Qatar Genome Programme are examples of such
efforts. There are certain challenges as well as opportunities in the utilization of these resources for
feeding the nationally funded research. This includes determining which actionable plans that require
implementation to maximize the benefits and output of these genomic resources. The employment of
genomic and large data programs in translational research and national clinical trials is the ultimate
goal we aim to accomplish. Taking into consideration the trials readiness and outcome measures, the
panel’s discussion will address the best first examples to bring precision medicine to practice in Qatar.
The development of clinical, genomic, and proteomic sets of databases for Qatar based NMDs-patients
should serve the Qatar National Plans in the field of genetics of rare monogenic diseases.
EFEITO DE DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE CONTAGEM DE CÉLULAS SOMÁTICAS SOBRE A QUALIDADE DE LEITE FERMENTADO E QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL
Authors: De Lima Lisiane Cristine Rincon , De Lima Luciano Soares , Rodrigues Bruna Moura , Saraiva Bruna Barnei , Pozza Magali Soares dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de contagem de células somáticas (CCS) no leite sobre os parâmetros qualitativos de leite fermentado e queijo Minas Frescal. Foram coletadas amostras de leite de nove vacas, sendo os animais divididos em três grupos: baixa CSS (< 300.000 cel/mL), média CCS (300.000 a 600.000 cel/mL) e alta CCS (>600.000 cel/mL). Com o leite de cada grupo, foram produzidos leite fermentado e queijo Minas Frescal e estes foram avaliados durante 30 e 20 dias, respectivamente. Na avaliação sensorial, não foram observadas diferenças nos atributos avaliados em função dos diferentes níveis de CCS para o leite fermentado. No entanto, para o queijo Minas Frescal, apenas o produto elaborado a partir do leite contendo baixa e média CCS apresentaram os maiores escores medios para cor, sabor, textura, aparência e aceitação global. Para o leite fermentado, foram observadas interações significativas entre os tratamentos e o tempo (P < 0,05), para os parâmetros de coloração b*, pH e sinérese, enquanto que as interações observadas no queijo foram para os parâmetros de coloração a*, b*, pH e acidez. A qualidade do queijo Minas Frescal é influenciada negativamente quando a CCS do leite utilizado na produção é maior que 600.000 cel/mL. Entretanto, o leite fermentado não sofre a mesma influência da CCS para a aceitação por consumidores.
The Morphological Analysis of Zulu Clan Names
Authors: Zwane Celani Lucky
Published: September 2020

The focus of this paper is that some scholars and people are not aware of the morphological structure of Zulu clan names. The clan names in themselves cipher secreted information that would be a story, history, a very long story perhaps which talks about the people of that clan, it could be Kings, famous people or a whole family. The main aim of the paper is to make people aware of the morphological structure of Zulu clan names. Research findings indicate that there is morphological structure in Zulu clan names that most scholars and Zulu people are not aware of. This study found that the structure of a clan name and its meaning are related. An example of such a clan name is Hlabangane (slaughter four); [Hlaba (slaughter) + nga (per) + -ne (four)], which indicates that the clan name giver saw people of this clan slaughtering four cows when they had traditional ceremonies. However, through the use of this clan name, the clan name giver appears as a person who experienced or observed Hlabangane people repeating the same procedure several times and no one disagreed with him because it was a fact. The researcher have used document analysis and in depth personal interviews to gather data for this paper.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Adolescents’ Career Indecision, and Social Support Perception and Basic Psychological Needs
Authors: Baltacı Umay Bilge , Öztemel Kemal , Tras Zeliha
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between high school students’ emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties (EPCD), perception of social support and basic psychological needs. The predictive effect of social support perception and basic psychological needs on EPCD will also be examined. In addition, it has been examined whether emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties differ according to some demographic variables. In this research, survey model was used. For collecting data, Personal information form; the EPCD-short form; New Psychological Needs Assessment Scale, were used. The data obtained in this research were analyzed using SPSS (20). In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent groups t-test, ANOVA test, and correlation and regression analysis technique were used. In addition, a significant correlation was found between the mean scores of the students on the career difficulties, and the perceived social support, and the autonomy and the achievement. The findings were discussed as a part of the relevant literature and suggestions based on the findings were included.
Strategies for the 21st Learning Skills Development of Students in Schools Under the Office of the Basic Education Commission
Authors: Wetchasit Kumtorn , Sirisuthi Chaiyuth , Agsornsua Pha
Published: September 2020

The purposes of this research were 1) to study the components and indicators of learning skills in the 21st century of the students, 2) to study the current conditions, desirable conditions and the need for learning skills development in the 21st century of the students, and 3) to develop strategies for the 21st learning skills development of students in schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission. The samples consisted of 426 administrators and teachers. The instrument was a 5 level rating scale questionnaire with IOC values between 0.80-1.00 with confidence equal to 0.98. The statistics used were percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation, modified priority need index (PNImodified) and matrix analysis. The research results were as follows: 1) Components and indicators of learning skills in the 21st century of the students. There were 3 main components: (1) Learning and innovation skills consisted of 3 sub-components 19 indicators (2) Life and work skills consisted of 5 sub-components 38 indicators (3) Information skills in media, technology consisted of 3 sub-components 28 indicators 2) Current conditions of the 21st century of the students, in the overall and each aspect were at medium level. In desirable condition, in overall and each aspect were at high level. The priority needs for skills development were life-skills and work, learning skills and innovation, information skills media and technology. 3) Strategies for 21st learning skills development of students in schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission consisted of the 1st strategy: Speed up the development of life and career skills to keep up with the changes. There were 4 goals, 11 measures, and 14 successful indicators. The 2nd strategy: Continuous learning skills and innovation development included 3 goals, 10 measures, 11 successful indicators. The 3rd strategy: Promote, develop of information skills, media and technology to be up to date included 3 goals, 10 measures, 10 successful indicators.
Connexin 43 in osteogenesis
Authors: Łukowicz Krzysztof , Fijał Karolina , Nowak Aleksandra , Osyczka Anna M.
Published: September 2020

Skeleton formation and its proper functioning is possible thanks to specialized bone tissue
cells: bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts and osteocytes located in bone
cavities.
Gap junctions are transmembrane channels connecting neighboring cell. Thanks to gap junctions
it is possible for signals to be directly transmitted by cells. Gap junction type channels,
and more specifically the connexin proteins that build them, have a key impacton the bone
turnover process, and thus on both bone building and remodeling. A particularly important
connexin in bone tissue is connexin43 (Cx43), which is necessary in the proper course of the
bone formation process and in maintaining bone homeostasis.
The importance of the presence of Cx43 in bones is showed by skeletal defects in diseases
such as ODD syndrome and craniometaphyseal dysplasia caused by mutations in GJA1, the
gene encoding Cx43. The role of Cx43 in the differentiation of stem cells into bone cells,
anti-apoptotic action of bisphosphonates and bone responses to hormonal and mechanical
stimuli have also been demonstrated. In addition to connexin43, the presence of other connexins
such as connexin45, 46 and 37 was also noted in bone tissue.
Tenência do vapor de água na baixa Troposfera da América do Sul
Authors: Wanderley Henderson Silva
Published: September 2020

O vapor de água é um constituinte importante da atmosfera por interferir na distribuição da temperatura, participar ativamente dos processos de absorção e emissão de calor sensível e latente pela atmosfera e por ser um dos principais agentes do efeito estufa. No entanto, o entendimento de como o vapor de água variou nas ultimas décadas é escasso principalmente para regiões como a América do Sul. Deste modo, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a existência de tendências na concentração de vapor de água na baixa troposfera da América do Sul. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram utilizadas informações médias mensais e anuais da concentração de vapor de água troposférico, compreendidos entre os anos 1980 a 2014, analisadas para o nível bárico de 700 hPa, provenientes de radiossondagens. As tendências foram calculadas pelo teste estatístico não paramétrico de Mann-Kendall juntamente com a análise de regressão linear mediante a utilização do teste de significância para o coeficiente angular da regressão. Os resultados mostraram dois padrões distintos de tendência para o vapor de água atmosférico. Um de aumento para as regiões Norte, Central e Leste do continente Sul Americano e um de redução para o Sul do continente.
O Phármakon das operações urbanas consorciadas: O Caso de Belo Horizonte-MG
Authors: Matias Vandeir
Published: September 2020

A Operação Urbana Consorciada (OUC) é um instrumento previsto no Estatuto da Cidade (Lei 10.257/2001) que tem sido utilizado nas cidades brasileiras, com intuito de promover transformações urbanísticas, melhorias sociais e valorização ambiental, levando em consideração as diretrizes definidas no Plano Diretor. Em Belo Horizonte esse instrumento de política urbana está cada vez mais presente na viabilização de intervenções de grande escala. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como estudo o projeto da operação urbana consorciada Antônio Carlos, Pedro I, Leste e Oeste localizado no município de Belo Horizonte, denominado anteriormente como OUC Nova BH. O objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar os impactos socioambientais da implementação do projeto desta operação, com o auxílio da categoria Phármakon. Essa categoria irá analisar  em quais proporções as Operações Urbanas Consorciadas (OUC) poderiam ser consideradas “remédio” ou “veneno” para as questões ambientais e sociais. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, dados do projeto da OUC e softwares de linguagens computacionais que auxiliaram na análise. Por fim, conclui-se que esse instrumento de transformação do espaço urbano precisa de melhorias e tem grandes desafios para que seus objetivos sejam alcançados. Inseridos nesse contexto, os estudos e discussões acerca do tema são de grande importância para garantir que sejam realizadas melhorias nos planos de operações consorciadas já existentes.
Os sem-religião:
Authors: Senra Flávio , Carvalho Izabella Faria de , Vieira José Álvaro Campos
Published: September 2020

O estudo sobre os sem-religião, contingente que representa há algumas décadas o terceiro maior percentual de declaração sobre vínculo (ou não vínculo) à religião no país, revela a condição em que se encontram as instituições tradicionalmente constituídas. O presente artigo apresenta dois estudos, sendo, o primeiro sobre a espacialização dos sem-religião na cidade de Belo Horizonte e, o segundo, sobre as vozes das pessoas que expressam as suas razões e motivos para justificar essa desvinculação com suas antigas instituições. Considerando o senso religioso contemporâneo em transformação, destacaremos a espacialização, as razões e os motivos para uma opção de não vínculo às instituições religiosas. Trata-se de um fenômeno que vai pouco a pouco se consolidando nas periferias de grandes cidades, tendo em vista os estudos realizados pelos autores e autora na capital mineira.
Desafios da gestão de uma unidade de conservação no Brasil
Authors: Lima Júnior Johannes de Oliveira , Oliveira Júnior Marcos Antonio Cavalcante de , Monteiro Kemero Jordir de Sousa , Carvalho Renata Silva , Rocha Glairton Cardoso
Published: September 2020

O Brasil está no centro da discussão mundial sobre a proteção do meio ambiente. Uma das maneiras criadas para efetivar a conservação da biodiversidade é a implantação de unidades de conservação (UC), porém, ainda se faz necessário entender os aspectos gerenciais e os obstáculos enfrentados na gestão dessas áreas. Portanto, o objetivo geral deste artigo é analisar os desafios da gerência no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PNSC), uma unidade de conservação localizada no norte do estado do Piauí. Para este fim, o estudo, a partir dos princípios de boa governança, fez uso de entrevista semiestruturada e observação de campo para entender os aspectos gerenciais do parque. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise de conteúdo, em que as categorias temáticas escolhidas foram os nove princípios supracitados. Portanto, o artigo contribui para a discussão teórica acerca do gerenciamento de UCs e traz implicações gerenciais sobre o desafio de gerir essas áreas, em que, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, conciliar e se relacionar com a comunidade do entorno e o capital humano interno é o principal desafio identificado nessa área de conservação, se tornando um fator positivo se bem trabalhado, capaz de manter o funcionamento do parque, mesmo em tempos de crise.
Marcas espaciais da paisagem rural: as rugosidades de Cachoeira do Sul/RS
Authors: Conceição Lisane Regina Vidal , Cardoso Eduardo Schiavone
Published: September 2020

A pesquisa objetivou identificar no espaço e tempo a constituição das rugosidades na paisagem rural do município de Cachoeira do Sul/RS. Para a realização da investigação, utilizaram-se os aportes metodológicos baseados no Materialismo Histórico, no método dialético e na abordagem qualitativa. As rugosidades são o que fica do passado como forma, paisagem, como espaço construído, possibilitam compreender o espaço como produto da ação humana, ao longo da sua história. Foram elencadas três tipologias de rugosidades no município: as rugosidades do Sistema de Circulação de Mercadorias e Pessoas (as pontes, viação férrea, porto, balsas, posto telefônico, posto de combustível e correio); as rugosidades do Sistema de Produção (as estâncias, fazendas, engenhos, charqueada, banheiro de imersão bovino e venda); e o Sistema de Interação Social (as casas antigas, escolas, igrejas, salão de baile, taperas e cemitérios familiares). As rugosidades devem ser entendidas como meios que possibilitam ressignificações e não como entraves ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico do lugar. A sua presença concreta valoriza o espaço e sua ressignificação possibilita aos grupos sociais do presente novas fontes de renda, de permanência no meio rural, contribuindo tanto para sua produção e reprodução como também para preservar do esquecimento e salvaguardar na memória as rugosidades.
Território do milho crioulo: as possibilidades do reconhecimento da propriedade intelectual coletiva no melhoramento genético realizado por agricultores
Authors: Campos Antônio Valmor de
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar que os agricultores, a partir da territorialização de saberes e de práticas tradicionais melhoram, a cada safra, as sementes crioulas, agregando aos acúmulos das gerações passadas, algumas contribuições próprias. Portanto, esses agricultores são pesquisadores, que utilizam como laboratório as suas próprias lavouras, realizando seus experimentos. A presente pesquisa, trata dos saberes e práticas tradicionais territorializadas e das visões intergeracionais e sua territorialização, que proporcionam a melhoria das sementes crioulas. Os materiais e métodos utilizados neste trabalho, consistem em pesquisa de campo realizada por meio de entrevistas gravadas junto a um grupo de 12 agricultores, distribuídos nos territórios do milho crioulo dos municípios de: Anchieta, Ermo, Guaraciaba, Jacinto Machado, Modelo, Palma Sola, Palmitos, Romelândia, Saltinho e São Lourenço do Oeste, onde são realizadas melhorias nestas sementes. Também, foram entrevistados, através de questionários semiestruturados, 7 técnicos, com ligação ao tema. A pesquisa ocorreu no Estado de Santa Catarina. Após a análise das entrevistas, é possível apontar que o resultado indica para a necessidade de o Brasil ter uma legislação específica que reconheça o direito dos agricultores que melhoram sementes do milho crioulo, sem criar obstáculos para que o processo continue, nos moldes da prática utilizada nas gerações passadas. Foram apresentadas alternativas para esse modelo de proteção, sendo uma a patente aplicada ao software livre, que permite o acesso a todas as informações necessárias para continuar a agregação de modificações genéticas, por meio de seleção.
A pecuária de leite bovino numa (re)análise: perspectivas e impasses no Brasil
Authors: Souto Thales Silveira , Folmer Ivanio
Published: September 2020

A pecuária de leite bovino historicamente possui importância para a organização política, econômica e social do país. Todavia, deve-se levar em consideração algumas dificuldades que os produtores de leite vivem, as quais são permeadas pelo escasso auxílio e crédito, como também, a pouca valorização desta produção frente os demais setores produtivos, ocasionando os impasses para um maior incremento e desenvolvimento. Desta forma, este estudo tem como alvo de verificação a produção de leite bovino no Brasil no período de 1977 a 2017. As reflexões possibilitadas nessa investigação nos direcionam para a compreensão das inquietações que move esse setor produtivo, entendendo as preocupações, as aflições e, em alguns casos, o sucesso dos produtores de leite.
How art practices can commit to the pursuit of social and environmental justice – from and beyond the civil contract of photography, lessons from the Amazon
Authors: Ribeiro Marilene Cardoso
Published: September 2020

This paper seeks to reflect on the political agency of artworks as well as to propose insights towards potential ways photography could be employed, in the context of the twenty-first century, to support the development of fairer future scenarios in social and environmental agendas. It draws upon the author’s experiences in her fieldwork in the Amazon intertwined with Ariella Azoulay’s assertions on photographs as agencies of empowerment, and Jacques Rancière’s perspectives on the impact of art practices upon the systems that rule society.
Treatment of Combined Acid Black 48 and Coffee Wastewater by Low-Cost Adsorbents
Authors: Hung Yung-Tse , Pamula Abhiram , Paul Howard
Published: September 2020

Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater is essential both from the environmental and human health point of view. A small concentration of synthetic dyes can reduce water transparency and consequently influence photosynthesis and alter aquatic ecosystems. Acid black 48 is an Azo dye that falls under the category of synthetic dyes used in the textile industry. With dyes, coffee wastewater has high chemical oxygen demand (COD) that can affect dissolved oxygen (DO) in surface waters. A mixture of wastes in surface waters creates a need to investigate the efficiency of existing treatment methods and optimize them. Adsorption using activated carbon is a conventional method used to remove dyes and heavy metals from wastewater. Industries prefer efficient and economical treatment methods to meet challenging effluent standards regarding COD, BOD, and intensity of color. The adsorption process was optimized using low-cost adsorbents in the current study, including peanut hull and onion peel, to treat a binary mixture of acid black 48 and coffee wastewater. After adsorption, microfiltration was used to remove any suspended solids from the wastewater solution. The performance of combined treatment processes for the color removal of the binary mixture was analyzed and compared using transmittance and absorbance. Treatment efficiency of adsorption using low-cost adsorbents was compared with powdered activated carbon. Apart from absorbance and transmittance, non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) values were analyzed to determine organic carbon removal in the combined binary wastewater. Experimental results indicated that Langmuir isotherm was the best fit for a binary mixture with an optimum dosage of 1.2 g using onion peel. The regression coefficient value was 0.82, and the uptake was 58.13 mg of binary mixture per 1 g of onion peel. The effective pH for maximum uptake of acid black 48 using onion peel for adsorption was 5.7. The increasing dosage of low-cost adsorbents adsorption improved in removing binary waste of dyes and coffee waste from wastewater. Adsorption using onion peel improved adsorbent performance up to 1.2 g dosage and steadily decreased beyond that. The adsorption capacity of onion peel was comparatively higher than the peanut hull based on the linear fit.
The Evaluation of Childhood Foods and Infant Formula Exposure to Furan, Chloropropanols and Acrylamide Contamination by Food Processing
Authors: Başaran Burhan
Published: September 2020

This review attempted to evaluate the exposure of thermal processing contaminants such as furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide from infant formulas. Furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide exist at varying levels in several types of foods that are consumed in daily diet including infant formulas. The consumption of these foods leads to the exposure to the thermal processing contaminants. In this sense, it is apparent that humans face hidden danger through dietary exposure throughout their lives. Infants are considered as the age group that expose to the highest levels of these substances as a result of the fact that they have low body weight and consume infant formulas in their diets as alternative nutrition. The review emphasizes that the infant formulas are not innocent, on the contrary, they can be considered as safety critical for infants considering that infant formulas include furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide. Therefore, this review suggests that in this sense all shareholders’ (university, non-governmental organizations, public and private sector) acting in concert with each other is crucially important for the health of individuals and overall society.
Limitations and Proposals for Improvement of the Bilingual Program of the Community of Madrid in Public Primary Schools
Authors: Sotoca Sienes Esmeralda
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the limitations of the Bilingual Program of the Community of Madrid and present proposals for improvement to solve them. The methodology used is based on the collection of information through different sources. The limitations indicated are as follows: the attention to the students with specific need of educational support; the coordination of teachers; teacher training; English language assistants; human resources; material resources; the motivation of students, teachers, and English language assistants; the methodology; the loss of content and vocabulary in the mother tongue; the need for language academies or extracurricular activities in English to complete training; and segregation. It is concluded that the greatest and most urgent limitation of the program is the attention of students with special educational needs. Proposals for improvement are presented, especially in relation to training and coordination with specialist teachers.
Management of Early Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mostafa Kotb Aziz Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease of dynamic pathology with multiple etiologies. It involves progressive process of softening, loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, development of osteophytes, and cyst formation. OA usually contributes to decreased activity associated with aging, secondary to diminished function and pain, thus consequently impairing quality of life. It is well established that pain due to OA, swelling, or stiffness can make it difficult for individuals to perform simple daily living activities. Although OA is not curable, a variety of treatment modalities are available to improve symptoms. Main elements include pain management maneuvers, education, changing lifestyle physical activity (PA), and weight reduction in case of overweight. Although total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is considered a cost-effective treatment for people with OA, TJA should only be considered after failure of conservative treatments. Symptoms of OA are usually managed by either pharmachological or nonpharmachological protocols; joint replacement surgeries are considered in advanced cases. Analgesics remain the keystone of pharmacological treatment for OA symptoms, including paracetamol, topical and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids. However, benefits from paracetamol and opioids are minimal, and NSAIDs are not ideal for many patients because they have many side-effects. Intra-articular therapies such as corticosteroids are also commonly used, though usually with short-term benefits.
The Tourism Impacts of Lake Erie Hazardous Algal Blooms
Authors: Bingham Matthew , Kinnell Jason
Published: September 2020

Nutrient loading and warming waters can lead to hazardous algal blooms (HABs). Policymakers require cost-effective valuation tools to help understand impacts and prioritize adaptation measures. This chapter evaluates the tourism impacts of HABs in Western Lake Erie based on HABs that occurred in 2011 and 2014, both through a unique temporal and spatial specification of HAB severity as well as input/output analysis and decomposition of trips and profitability.
Correlation of (18F) FDG PET/CT Parameters with Haematological Parameters in Esophageal Cancers and the Effect of These Parameters on Survival
Authors: CAN Canan
Published: September 2020

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic (SUVmax) and volume-based (18F)FDG PET/CT parameters (metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)) and haematological parameters (neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet,mean platelet volume(MPV) , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (TLR)) with survival, and whether haematological parameters are correlated with metabolic and volume-based PET parameters.

Method: We included a total of 55 patients who underwent (18F)FDG PET/CT in our nuclear medicine clinic between January 2017 and December 2018 with a diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, had no distant metastasis, either had or did not have regional lymph node metastasis, whose imaging and laboratory data could be retrospectively accessed, who did not undergo an operation before imaging, did not receive chemo-radiotherapy.

Results: In multivariate regression analysis, we found esophageal MTV (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.04–6.57, p: 0.041) and esophageal TLG (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.2–6.2, p: 0.022) values to be independent variables in terms of survival. While we observed a negative correlation between PLR and esophageal MTV and TLG (p values were respectively p: 0.021, p: 0.03), we observed a positive correlation between lymphocyte counts and esophageal MTV and TLG (p values were p: 0.004, p: 0.001, respectively). We detected a positive correlation between the size and SUVmax of lymph node metastasis, on the one hand, and both neutrophil counts and NLR on the other.

Conclusion: We determined MTV and TLG values, which are volume-based metabolic PET parameters, to be independent prognostic factors for survival. MTV and TLG had a negative correlation with PLR and a positive correlation with lymphocyte counts.
New Screening Method For Cervical Cancer- Polar Probe
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Halis , ÇOBAN ŞERBETÇİOĞLU Gonca , AYHAN Ali
Published: September 2020

Objective: Although extensive screening methods had been developed, cervical cancer remains to be an essential health problem. Early detection and administration of appropriate therapy is still a lifesaving procedure, especially for cervical cancer. The most common screening method for cervical cancer is still the cervical cytology (Pap-test). We aim to find out the advantages and disadvantages of a recently developed method, which is called as Polar Probe.

Methods: Two different approaches had been used (conventional Pap test and Polar Probe), and 1438 patients were included in the study. Of these, 819 had been screened with Polar Probe. All eligible patients were firstly screened using Polar Probe and then using the Pap test. Each patient with an abnormal Polar Probe result was referred to colposcopy room, where she was re-evaluated using colposcopy.

Results: The rate of abnormal smear result was 1.04%, and the corresponding percentage was calculated as 0.62% in LSIL, 0.34% in ASCUS, and 0.069% in HSIL. A total of 819 patients underwent Polar Probe, and the results were abnormal in 261 patients and normal in 558 patients. Abnormality rate was 1% in Pap test and 31.9% in Polar Probe. Although the positive predictive value was 27% for Polar Probe test and 16% for Pap test, as the colposcopy was indicated only for the patients with abnormal results in Polar Probe. The need for colposcopy dramatically increased with the use of Polar Probe.

Conclusion: Use of Polar Probe alone was not found to be cost effective. Combination with other methods of screening would decrease the cost of the process.
Characteristics and the Emergency Department Cost of Tendon Injuries of the Hand
Authors: IPEKCİ Afsin , AKDENİZ Yonca Senem , ORHAN Cigdem , CAKMAK Fatih , IKİZCELİ Ibrahim
Published: September 2020

Objective: Hand injuries lead to high morbidity rate, and long-term labor loss due to their functional significance, and tendon injuries occur in more than 50% of patients even with small lacerations. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and the emergency department cost of tendon lacerations of hand injuries.

Methods: The study's data were obtained retrospectively by digital scanning of the files of patients admitted to the ED with an isolated hand injury from June 2014 to June 2016. The characteristics of patients and the emergency department costs from billing information were recorded and analyzed.

Results: A total of 132 patients included. The mean age of the patients was 33.32±13.03 years, and 83.3% were male. The vast majority of injuries occurred at home (64.4%), more than half of the injuries were caused by puncture-cutting tools (54.5%), and the most injured location was the flexor area (56.8%). The mean of the number of injured tendons were 2.50±2.26 tendons. The average cost of tendon injuries was 1.065,34±828,90 TL, and the flexor tendon injuries had the highest cost average.

Conclusion: Tendon injuries affect especially the young adult male population. The ED expenses of tendon injuries are high enough to mind and even more evident when further hospital beds and following physical therapy costs and the costs related to the labor loss were added.

Keywords: Hand, tendon injuries, cost, emergency department
Evaluation of Corneal Aberration Alterations After Accelerated Transepithelial Corneal Crosslinking
Authors: ASLAN Mehmet Gökhan , ORUÇ Yavuz
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study aimed to report the corneal aberration alterations after accelerated transepithelial corneal crosslinking (A-TE CXL) and to investigate the relationship between corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and corneal aberrations.

Methods: Fifty-six eyes of 45 progressive keratoconus (KCN) patients who underwent A-TE CXL were retrospectively evaluated. Total ocular aberrations (TOA), high-order aberrations (HOA), low order aberrations (LOA), and spectacle-CDVA values were recorded preoperatively, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. The alterations of the parameters were compared and correlation analysis was performed between corneal aberrations and CDVA.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 22.23±3.14 years. The preoperative, postoperative 6 and 12 months median CDVAs were 0.50 (0.20-0.90), 0.60 (0.20-1.0) and 0.60 (0.10-0.90), respectively. The preoperative root means square (RMS)-TOA, RMS-HOA, and RMS-LOA values were 2.4±0.88μm, 1.50±0.59μm, and 1.78±0.88μm, respectively. The CDVA values increased significantly at postoperative-6 month examinations. After the A-TE CXL procedure, the aberrations were detected as 2.58±0.94μm, 1.62±0.57μm, 1.90±0.99μm and 2.38±0.81μm, 1.46±0.57μm, 1.77±0.85μm at 6th and 12th months, respectively. The TOA and HOA values significantly decreased 6 and 12 months after A-TE CXL. The LOA alterations were not statistically significant. The correlation analysis between corneal aberrations and CDVA revealed no significance at any time point.

Conclusion: Although the TOA and HOA values significantly decreased and CDVA significantly increased in the early postoperative period, a relationship between the CDVA and corneal aberration alterations was not detected. Even the corneal aberration improvement had contributed to the increase in CDVA, evaluation of epithelial structural alterations can be suggested to better understand the clinical outcomes.
Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Eşliğinde PerkütanTranstorasik Akciğer Biopsilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: DENİZ Muhammed Akif , TAŞ DENİZ Zelal , HATTAPOĞLU Salih , ÇETİNÇAKMAK Mehmet Guli Çetinçakmak , KURT Osman
Published: September 2020

Giriş: Akciğer yerleşimli kitlelerde bronkoskopi, perkutan biyopsi, torakoskopik cerrahi ile biyopsi ve açık cerrahi biyopsiler başlıca biyopsi alma teknikleridir. BT kitlenin sınırlarını, komşuluklarını, yayılımını,natürünü, akciğer parankiminde eşlik eden patolojiyi görüntülemede son derece duyarlı olduğundan hem tanı hem de toraks biyopsilerinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadırlar. Amacımız kliniğimizde BT eşliğinde trucutbiopsi yapılmış akciğer parankim kitlelerinin radyolojik özelliklerini, tanısal biopsi oranını, komplikasyon oranlarını çeşitli parametreler eşliğinde değerlendirmeyi ve biopsi etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamız retrospektif arşiv çalışması olup Mart 2013-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında BT eşliğinde akciğer parankim kitlesine trucutbiopsi yapılmış hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.

Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, lezyon çapı, lezyonun akciğer ve segmenter lokalizasyonu, lezyonun radyolojik özelliği, biopsi sırasında hasta pozisyonu, biopsi sırasında iğnenin akciğer parankimindeki uzunluğu ve komplikasyon (pnömotoraks ve hemoraji) açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 336 hastanın yaş ortalaması 62,12±12,48 (min=15-maks=90) idi. Biopsi yapılan lezyonlar en sık %62,5 sağ akciğer ve %53 üst lobda yerleşimliydi. Lezyonların yapısı %46,4 konsolidasyon, %41,4 nodüler, %8 kaviter ve %4,2 infiltrasyon şeklindeydi. Lezyon çapı ortancası 35,5 (49,0-23,50) mm olarak, iğne giriş uzunluğu ortancası ise 14,5 (26,0-9,0) mm olarak bulundu. Hastalar en fazla prone pozisyonunda (%41,4) işleme alındı. Hastaların 115’inde (%34,2) komplikasyon gelişti. Bu komplikasyonların %52,2’ si pnömotoraks ve %47,8’ i hemorajiydi. Komplikasyon olarak pnömotoraks gelişen 60 hastanın 7’sine (%11,7)toraks tüpü takıldı. İğne giriş uzunluğunun çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelemesi yapıldığında komplikasyon gelişen hastalardaki iğne giriş uzunluğu ortancası komplikasyon gelişmeyen hastaların ortancasından anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,005)

Tartışma-sonuç: Sonuç olarak akciğer kitlelerinde Trucut biopsi yapılmış hastalarımızda tanı oranı yüksek, komplikasyon oranı düşük olarak izlendi. BT akciğer kitle biopsilerinde kolay uygulanabilen, komplikasyonu erken dönemde gösterebilen oldukça etkin bir yöntemdir.
Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Kateter İlişkili Kan Dolaşım Enfeksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YÜKSEL Enver , KAYA Şafak , GÜNAY Emrah
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemodiyaliz hastalarında kateter ilişkili kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonlarını (KİKDE) incelemektir.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda hastanemizde 1 Ocak 2013 ve 1 Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında kateter ilişkili kan dolaşım enfeksiyonları gelişen hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü, kan ve kateter kültürlerinde aynı mikroorganizma üremesi saptanan hastalar alındı. 18 yaş altı, kan ve kateter kültürlerinde farklı mikroorganizma üremesi saptanan hastalar çalışmaya alınmadı. Çalışma kriterlerini karşılayan 65 hastadan 109 kateter ilişkili kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonu vakası alındı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 109 kateter ilişkili kan dolaşım enfeksiyonları epizodu alındı. Kan kültürlerine bakıldığında 10'unda (%9,2) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9'unda (%8,3) Escherichia coli, 23'ünde (%21,1) metisiline dirençli koagülaz-negatif stafilokok (MRKNS), 1'isinde (%0,9) metisiline duyarlı koagülaz negatif stafilokok (MSKNS), 15'inde (%13,8) metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 23'ünde (%21,1) metisiline duyarlı Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), 5'inde (%4,6) Acinetobacter spp, 7'sinde (%6,4) Enterobacter spp., 5'inde (%4,6) Streptococcus spp., 6'sında (%5,5) Enterococcus faecalis, 2'sinde (%1,8) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 2'sinde (%1,82) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ve 1'inde (%0,9) Morganellamorgani üremesi saptandı.

Sonuç: Hemodiyaliz hastalarında ciddi morbidite ve mortaliteye yol açan KİKDE'nin tedavisi hayati önem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle her hastane ve diyaliz merkezleri kendi etken dağılımlarını bilmelidir. Böylece kültür sonuçları çıkana kadar başlanacak olan ampirik tedavi seçiminde uluslararası kılavuzlara ek olarak merkez verileri de değerlendirilebilir.
Kolon Karsinomunun Preoperatif Lenf Nodu Evrelemesinde Pet-Bt’nin Etkinliği
Authors: HAKSÖYLER Veysel , KÖŞECİ Tolga , BAYRAM Ertuğrul , OLGUN Polat , ÇAPARLAR Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2020

Giriş: Erken evre Kolon kanserinde en önemli prognostik belirteç bölgesel Lenf Nodu (LN) metastazı durumudur. Ayrıca uygun tedavi planının yapılabilmesinin en önemli şartı da tam evrelemenin yapılmış olmasıdır.

Amaç: Çalışmamızda erken evre Kolon kanserinde preoperatif Pozitron Emisyon Tomografisi (PET/BT)’nin bölgesel LN’ları ile ilşkisini incelemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde Mart 2014 ve Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında tedavi ettiğimiz 83 erken evre Kolon kanseri hastasının verilerini retrospektif olarak analiz ettik. Preoperatif PET/BT bulguları ile Patolojik evrelemedeki bulguları karşılaştırdık

Bulgular: Erken evre Kolon kanserinde PET/BT’nin LN metastazını göstermede sensitivite, spesifite ve doğruluk oranını sırasıyla %66,7, %64 ve %65,1 olarak belirledik.

Tartışma: Çalışmamıza göre erken evre kolon kanserinde PET/BT’nin LN metastazını göstermedeki sensitivite ve spesifitesi tatmin edici olmaktan uzaktır.

Sonuç: Konu ile ilgili yayınlanmış çalışmalarda genel olarak kolon ve rektum kanserli hastalar beraber incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda sadece Kolon kanserli hastalar incelendiğinde hasta grubu olarak daha homojendir. Bu bakımdan literatüre katkı sunabileceğimizi düşünüyoruz.
Multipl Skleroz’de Yaşam Kalitesi: Depresif Bulgular Fiziksel Özürlülük Kadar Etkili midir?
Authors: KÖSEOGLU Mesrure , GÖZÜBATİK ÇELİK R. Gökçen , TÜTÜNCÜ Mesude , ERBAŞ Bahar
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Multipl Sklerozda (MS) yaşam kalitesinin bozulması tedavi uyumunu ve klinik takibi güçleştirir. Çalışmamızda hastaların yaşam kalitesine etki eden faktörlerden fiziksel nedenler ile psikolojik olarak en fazla gözlenen depresif bulgular arasında karşılaştırma yaparak, bu konunun önemini vurgulamayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Mc Donalds kriterlerine göre relapsing-remitting tanısı almış 100 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Sosyodemografik özellikleri, hastalık başlangıç yaşları, hastalık süreleri, özürlülük düzeyleri, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Yorgunluk Şiddet Ölçeği ve Kısa Form Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği skorları kaydedildi.

Bulgular: 65’i kadın, 35’i erkek 100 hastanın yaş ortalaması 35,21 ± 8,86 (min-max:18-63) yıldı. Ortalama Krutzke Genişletilmiş Dizabilite Durum Skalası (EDSS) skorları 1,65 ± 1,47 (min-max:0-6,5) olarak kaydedildi. Beck Depresyon Ölçeği skorları kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksek gözlendi (13,8 ± 11,02 vs 10,17 ± 6,15; p:0,036). Depresyonu olan hastaların depresyonu olmayanlara göre; yorgunluk şiddet ve yorgunluk etki ölçeği skor ortalamaları daha yüksekken, yaşam kalitesi ölçeği skorları daha düşük izlendi (p