bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Environment of the Mother Plant on Germination by Control of Seed-Coat Permeabilit to Water in Ononis Sioula Guss.
Authors: Evenari M , Koller D , Gutterman Y
Published: July 2016

The time course of imbibition in seeds of Cnoni8 aicula Guss. was more rapid when the mothllr plants,were grown in 8�hr days (short-day seeds) than in 20-hr days (long-day seeds), outdoors as well as in a greenhouse. Once imbibed, seeds invariably germinated within 48 hr. Desiccated seeds from all these treatments entirely failed to imbibe, but when scarified they all imbibed and germinated fully within 48 hr. The level of seed-coat impermeability to water increased somewhat after storage for 2 years without changing the qualitative effects of day length. Differences in kinetics of imbibition due to outdoors v. greenhouse conditions were observed in long-day seeds only when freshly harvested, and in short-day seeds after storage for 2 years.
A Second Gene Controlling Allelic Recombination in Neurospora Crassa
Authors: Catoheside DG
Published: July 2016

Experiments to determine whether rec-l, which increases allelic recombinationat the his-l locus in Neurospora crassa, also affects the am locus disclosed anothergene, rec-3. It appears that ree-l is specific to his-l and that ree-3 is specific to am, inthe sense that his-l is insensitive to rec-3 and am is insensitive to ree-l. The locus of rec-l is 18�9 units from the am his-l region; rec-3 is linked either to the am his-l region or to the mating type locus and 12�1 units from the relevant region.
Observations on Moulting of Fourth-Stage Larvae of Paratylenchus Nanus
Authors: Fisher JM
Published: July 2016

Moulting of fourth-stage larvae of ParatylenchuB nanus was stimulated by apricot root secretion but the activity was lost on boiling. Dormant apricot seedlings did not produce an active secretion. The effect was on the anterior part of the nematode and 1 day in secretion was sufficient to initiate the moult. Five to 10 days after stimulation the larvae became motionless and the moult was complete bout 3 days later. Moulting took place most rapidly at about 20�0 and was not affected by pH between 4 and 7. Moulting but not stimulation was inhibited at temperatures of 25 and 30�0. Shedding of the cuticle differed from exsheathment of trichostrongyle larvae in that no refractile ring formed in the anterior part of the cuticle.
Changes in Levels of Nicotinamide Adenine Nucleotides and Krebs Cycle Intermediates in Mung Bean Leaves after Illumination
Authors: Graham D , E Cooper Judith
Published: July 2016

Changes in levels of nicotinamide adenine nucleotides were measured during a short (30 min) period of illumination following a dark period. Two phases in the time course were found. In the first phase, during the first minute of illumination, a rapid decline in oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide occurred which represented a net loss of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide. In the subsequent, second phase during illumination, a slower decline in oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was found which was coincident with increases in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(s). The changes in the reduced nicotinamide adenine nucleo� tides were relatively small during illumination.
The Components of Leaf Water Potential III. Effects of Tissue Characteristics and Relative Water Content on Water Potential
Authors: Warren Wilson J
Published: July 2016

A theoretical treatment suggests that osmotic, matric, and pressure potentials (1T, 7, andP) and their sum the water potential (.p) for any relative water content (R) can be calculated if three quantities that characterize the tissue are known: the sum of osmotic and matric potentials at full turgor (1Tt + 7t), bound water content as a proportion of total water content at full turgor (B), and coefficient of enlargement (e) .
Cotyledon Excision and Flowering in Pisum Sativum
Authors: J Johnston Margaret , Crowden RK
Published: July 2016

Investigations of the flowering behaviour of peas led Paton and Barber (1955), Sprent and Barber (1957), and Barber (1959) to propose the presence of a mobile flower-delaying substance, "colysanthin", in cotyledons of late-flowering varieties. Moore (1964, 1965) and Sprent (1966) have recently obtained results consistent with the colysanthin hypothesis. However, the basis for early flowering of other varieties is not clear. Moore (1964) observed significant latening of two early-flowering varieties, Massey and Alaska, following cotyledon excision at 4 days after germination, and Haupt (1952) has reported a slight delay in the early variety Kleine Rheinlanderin when embryos, separated from the cotyledons within 8 hr of soaking the seed, were grown in nutrient culture. In contrast Cruickshank (unpublished data) did not observe any change in flower node of Massey following culture of embryos removed from dry seeds. Paton and Barber (1955) in separate experiments obtained conflicting evidence that a flower-promotive substance was present in Massey cotyledons. In the one experiment in support, only five plants were scored due to the high death rate of plumules following early excision of the cotyledons.
Wood Tannins - Isolation and Significance in Host Resistance to Verticillium Wilt Disease
Authors: Somers TC , Harrison AF
Published: July 2016

Apricot trees often recover from the "black heart" disease incited by the fungus Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold, and a characteristic of such resistant trees is that the infected wood becomes dark brown to black in colour (Dufrenoy and Dufrenoy 1927). The fungus dies 1-6 months after it has colonized the wood (Taylor 1963). Analysis of total phenolics by the Folin-Denis assay showed an approximate fivefold increase (to about 60 mgjg wood) compared with that of uninfected wood of the same branch, and suggested their involvement in disease resistance mechanisms.
Histopathology of Hypotrichosis in Calves
Authors: Schleger AV , Thompson BJ , Hewetson RW
Published: July 2016

The histopathology of the skin in hypotrichosis has been studied for a Jersey calf and comparisons made with normal skin. Other abnormalities of the hair follicle have been described in a Hereford mutant.
Respiratory Activity And Morphology of Mitochondria Isolated from Whole and Sliced Storage Tissue
Authors: Van Steveninck RFM , E Jackman Margaret
Published: July 2016

Mitochondria isolated from whole tisSue and from freshly sliced and aged disks of beetroot and swedes were tested for their oxidative capacity and their morphology was compared by electron microscopy.
Phospholipid and Cholesterol Content of Epididymal and Jaculated Ram Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma in Elation to Cold Shock
Authors: Quinn PJ , White IG
Published: July 2016

The concentration of total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and choline plasmalogen in spermatozoa from the caput epididymis of the ram was higher than in spermatozoa from the cauda. The phospholipid composition of spermatozoa from the latter region of the epididymis more closely resembled ejaculated spermatozoa.
Movement of Bacteria in Moist Particulate Systems
Authors: Griffin DM , Quail Gwen
Published: July 2016

The role of the soil moisture regime in the ecology of soil bacteria is poorly understood. The response of the metabolic rates of bacteria to changes in matric suction has been investigated (Bhaumik and Clark 1947; Dommergues 1962; Clark 1967) but there is no precise information on the influence ofthe moisture regime on bacterial movement by flagellar activity or Brownian movement.
Effects of Stimuli Associated With the Male on Litter Size In Mice
Authors: Beilharz RG
Published: July 2016

The oestrous cycle in the mouse lasts about 4 days so that in a population of sexually mature females one expects about one-quarter of them to be on heat every night. When single female laboratory mice that have been reared together with other females are placed with one vigorous male in a clean container, the oestrous cycle is affected in many of them. Oestrous is delayed in some and hastened in others with the result that fewer than expected copulate on the first, second, and fourth day, and more than expected copulate on the third day (Whitten 1956). This phenomenon has been called the Whitten effect (Nalbandov 1964). Whitten's data were records of copulations as judged by presence of vaginal plugs.
Studies in Depilation IV. Structural Changes in the Wool Follicle During Depilation With Alkali and Alkaline Reducing Systems
Authors: Yates JR
Published: July 2016

Structural changes in the wool follicle during depilation with sodium sulphide and with ammonia are described. Sodium sulphide exerts its principal action on the prekeratinous zone of the wool fibre, but also dissolves the lower part of the outer root sheath (ORS). The fibre breaks off in the prekeratinous zone and is easily removed with virtually no disturbance of the upper ORS or the epidermis, leaving a degraded bulb still in position. Ammonia solution (1M) causes a severe disruption of the cell structure of the ORS and some disorganization of the prekeratinous zone, but does not cause sufficient protein dissolution to permit depilation to go to completion.
Genetically Controlled Electrophoretic Variants of a Storage Protein in Pisum Sativum
Authors: Hynes MJ
Published: July 2016

A number of electrophoretic variants of plant enzymes have been described and the genetic control of these variants determined (e.g. Beckman, Scandalios, and Brewbaker 1964; Schwartz 1964; Scandalios 1965). However, little work has been done on structural and storage proteins of plants. Varietal differences have been observed in the electrophoretic patterns of wheat storage proteins (Graham and Morton 1963) and two forms of arachin, a storage protein of the peanut, have been described (Tombs 1964), though no genetic studies of these differences have been made. This communication describes the detection and the partial characterization of variants of proteins extracted from the cotyledons of Pisum sativum seeds and some preliminary breeding tests to determine their genetic control.
Comparison of Photassium and Sodium Uptake by Barley Roots at High and Low Salt Status
Authors: Pitman MG , Courtice AC , Lee Barbara
Published: July 2016

Measurements are described of the uptake of sodium and potassium by barley roots at low salt status. It was found that initially there was little preference for potassium in the salt accumulated, but about 5 hr after the start of salt accumula� tion net uptake of sodium decreased markedly, and thereafter much more potassium was taken up than sodium. The roots reached salt saturation in about 24 hr. The decreased sodium uptake was due to a reduction in sodium influx.
The Influence of the Female Genital Tract on the Metabolism of Rabbit Spermatozoa II. Effect of Storage With Glucose Lactate, Bicarbonate , and Female Genital Tract Fluids
Authors: Murdoch RN , Wite G
Published: July 2016

In an attempt to isolate the factors responsible for altering the metabolism of spermatozoa incubated in utero, washed rabbit spermatozoa were stored in vitro for 6 hr at 37�C with either glucose, lactate, bicarbonate, or female genital tract fluids, and their ability to metabolize [1_14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose was then compared with that of fresh spermatozoa.
Ion Absorption in Atriplex Leaf Tissue I. Absorption by Mesophyll Cells
Authors: Osmond CB
Published: July 2016

Leaf tissue cut into disks was unsuitable for quantitative ion-absorption studies because cells in the interior did not equilibrate with the external solution. Ion entry was restricted to the cut surface and diffusion was too slow to permit equilibration of the whole disk (apparent diffusion coefficient for sodium at O� 5�C was 1 X IO-L 3 X 10-7 cm2 sec-I). However, leaf slices 0�5 mm in width permitted rapid access of electrolyte to all cells and were used to study uptake of monovalent cations and oxalate
The Effects of Oestrogens and Anti-Oestrogens On Ovum Transport in the Laboratory Mouse.
Authors: Humphrey KW , Martin L
Published: July 2016

Suitable doses of the anti-oestrogens DMS, MER 25, and MRL 37 given to mice on the first 3 days after mating caused retention in the oviduct of all ova (predominantly in the ampulla) until at least day 4, and prevented implantation but did not cause the loss of many ova. MER 25 caused tube-locking of ova in only about 50% of mice, but implantation did not occur although apparently normal blastocysts were present in the uterus on day 4. DMS, the most oestrogenic of the three compounds, markedly reduced the recovery of ova after day 4. The blastocoele in the oviducal ova found in control and treated mice on day 4 was not as well developed as in uterine ova
Reduction of Heliotrine by A Rumen Microorganism
Authors: Russell GR , Smith RM
Published: July 2016

A small Gram-negative coccus, which brings about the reductive fission of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, has been isolated from the rumen contents of Australian Merino sheep. The organism was cultured in a partially defined medium, without rumen fluid, but containing yeast extract. Strictly anaerobic conditions and the presence of carbon dioxide were essential for growth. With limiting quantities of yeast extract, growth was greatly stimulated by any of several carbohydrates or moderately stimulated by the alkaloid heliotrine plus hydrogen. The products of the reductive cleavage of heliotrine were heliotric acid and 7()(-hydroxy-l-methylene- 8()(-pyrrolizidine. One mole of hydrogen reduced one mole of heliotrine to produce one mole each of the two products, accounting completely for the substrate consumed. Formate in stoichiometric quantities could replace molecular hydrogen as hydrogen donor in the reaction in which heliotrine acted as hydrogen acceptor. With [UCJformate as hydrogen donor 14CO. was evolved in stoichiometric amounts. The additional growth brought about by the degradation of heliotrine was proportional to the amount of heliotrine degraded, the organism appearing to derive energy from the reaction. Under strictly anaerobic conditions neither growth of the organism nor degradation of heliotrine was dependent on or stimulated by the presence of vitamin B12 in the medium. A method is described for the estimation of heliotrine.
Linked Induction of Glycosidases in Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

When phenyl ,B-D-thioglucopyranoside is added to a washed mycelial suspension of S. atra, strain CMI 32542, under conditions previously shown to result in the "inductive" synthesis of ,B-glucosidase, a series of other glycosidases and an esterase is concomitantly formed. The same enzymes are not formed in each experiment, but a series El, E2, ...... can be set up such that synthesis of En is not observed unless En-l is also synthesized. Induction by "homologous" inducers (e.g. phenyl ,B-D-thioxylopyranoside for ,B-xylosidase, phenyl <X-D-thioglucopyranoside for <x-glucosidase, etc.) is not observed. A certain slight increase in the activity of enzymes of this group is observed on prolonged (up to 24 hr) shaking of mycelial suspensions in the absence of any inducer. This increase is much less than that occurring in the presence of phenyl ,B-D-thioglucopyranoside, and the two phenomena can normally be easily distinguished.
Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves
Authors: Troughton JH
Published: July 2016

The effect of plant water status on the diffusion of C02 in the gas and liquid phase in leaves of cotton plants was studied in a single leaf chamber under conditions of constant light level and temperature and when photosynthesis was limited by the CO2 supply. A controlled range of relative leaf water contents from 56 to 96% was obtained by varying root temperature from 6 to 30�C while the tops of the plants were -at a constant temperature. Decreasing water content resulted in an increase in the calculated leaf diffusive resistance and a decrease in CO2 exchange. Under the environmental conditions used, plant water status primarily affects C02 exchange by regulating stomatal aperture. The mesophyll resistance, which was estimated in air and in an oxygen-free atmosphere, did not vary with the relative leaf water content down to 75% but increased progressively as relative water content dropped from 75 to 56%.
The Mobility of 65zn In Trifolium Subterraneu M L. and Antirrhinum Majus L.
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC , Bjarnason EN
Published: July 2016

T. subterraneum (cv. Clare) and A. majus were grown in nutrient cultures to which 65Zn was added at two stages in the plants' development. It was found that the 65Zn recently absorbed by the roots was preferentially routed to the youngest leaves. When the plants were transferred from radioactive to non�radioactive cultures, only a limited recirculation of 65Zn took place. In T. 8ubterraneum this was principally from the roots and hypocotyl, but also between and within some leaves, whilst in A. majus recirculation occurred along the stem, roots, and within some leaves.
Subunits From Reduced and S-Carboxymethylated Ribulose Diphosphate Carboxylase (Fraction I Protein)
Authors: Moon KE , Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

Fraction I protein isolated from spinach beet chloroplasts was purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and Sephadex G�200 gel filtration. The isolated protein was reduced and S-carboxymethylated, and the dissociated protein resolved into two distinct subunits by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in an 8M urea buffer at pH 10�0.
Effects of Exogenous Moulting Hormones on Puparium Formation in Calliphora
Authors: Thomson JA , Horn DHS
Published: July 2016

Pupal sclerotization in holometabolous insects has been widely used as a basis for bioassays of moulting hormone activity (for review see Horn 1969), anJ there has been considerable interest in the mode of action of these hormones at the cellular level (Karlson and Sekeris 1966). It is surprising that the effects of exogenous moulting hormone on the time and mode of puparium formation in the intact dipteran larva have seldom been reported (except e.g. Fourche 1967, on Dro8ophila), especially in view of interest in the relative biological activity of the various ecdysone-group steroids in stimulating sclerotization (Ohtaki, Milkman, and Williams 1967).
Ion Absorption in Atriplex Leaf Tissue II. Secretion of Ions to Epidermal Bladders
Authors: Osmond CB , Lüttge U , West KR , CK Pallaghy § , Shacher-Hill B
Published: July 2016

The epidermal bladders of several Atriplex species contain high concentrations of ions. Chloride was secreted from the solution or the lamina to the bladders, against a concentration gradient. Transfer of 36CI to the bladders was strongly light stimulated, but uptake to the lamina was much less sensitive.
Physical Environment and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation VI. Nitrogen Retention Within the Nodules of Trifolium Subterraneum L
Authors: Gibson AH
Published: July 2016

The effect of bacterial strain and root temperature on the retention of nitrogen in the root system of Trifolium Bubterraneum plants was re-examined. The root systems of plants nodulated by the moderately effective Rhizobium trifolii strain NA30 possessed a higher percentage nitrogen than those nodulated by the fully effective strain TAl, although the number of nodules formed by each strain was similar. The difference was due to a greater weight of nodule tissue on the NA30-nodulated plants, and also to a higher percentage nitrogen in the NA30 nodules; this latter effect was due to a higher concentration of non-protein nitrogen. The overall effect of these differences was to reduce the amount of nitrogen translocated to the shoots of the NA30 plants, in both absolute terms and as a proportion of the total amount of nitrogen fixed. Another difference between the two strains was the rate of nitrogen fixation per unit (dry weight or leghaemoglobin content) of nodule tissue.
Developmental Changes in Tile Late Laitv a of Calliphora Stygia II. Protein Synthesis
Authors: Martin Marjory-D , F Kinnear Judith , Thomson JA
Published: July 2016

The pattern of incorporation of [3H]leucine into proteins of fat body, plasma, body wall, and salivary gland has been studied in third-instar larvae of O. stygia. The rate of incorporation is higher in these tissues at day 5 of development than at days 7 and 11 (quiescent stage).
Storage of Two-Cell Mouse Embryos in Vitro
Authors: Whittingham DG , Wales RG
Published: July 2016

There are reports of the storage at O-lOoC of fertilized rabbit (Chang 1947, 1948; Hafez 1965) and sheep ova (Averill 1956; Kardymowicz et al. 1963; Kardy-mowicz, Kardymowicz, and Grochowalski 1966; Kardymowicz, Kardymowicz, and Kremer 1966). However, the storage of fertilized mouse ova in vitro does not appear to have been studied. Wales (1969) found that glycolysis at 37�C by cultured blastocysts was not impaired if the two-cell embryo was stored at 5�C for a short period prior to culture, and the author suggested that storage of two-cell embryos at this temperature may be successful. In the present study the viability of mouse embryos after various periods at low temperature was investigated.
Effeot of Feeding Lupine Seeds on Spermatogenesis in the Rat
Authors: Tannous RI , Nayfer SN
Published: July 2016

Lupine (Lupinus termis) seeds are consumed to some extent by inhabitants of the Middle East. The untreated seeds of this variety, however, have a bitter taste attributed to the presence of alkaloids, and are usually debittered by soaking in water.
Energy-Transducing Reaction in Biologyical Members. II. Molecular Mechanism for the Permeability Changes in Nerve During the Paggage of an Action Potential
Authors: Weiss DE
Published: July 2016

A molecular model is proposed for the permeability changes associated with an action potential. The model membrane contains molecular "springs" composed of ,helical lipopeptides containing four to six consecutive lipophosphoseryl residues. The lipids form bilayers which bind the springs to the surrounding membrane and possess elastic contractile properties. In an expanded configuration, the springs prefer hydrated Na+ to K+; in a contracted configuration unhydrated K+ is pre-ferred to Na+ and is solvated by oxygen components of the spring. Expansion or contraction depends on the ionic strength and composition of the solution in contact with the springs.
Succinic Acid Production by Rumen Bacteria. III. Enzymic Studies on the Formation of Succinate by Ruminococcus Flavefaciens
Authors: Hopgood MF , Walker DJ
Published: July 2016

Enzymes involved in succinic acid production by strain C of R. ftavefacien8 were investigated in cell-free extracts. The results indicate that phosphoenolpyruvate is carboxylated by a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase which uses GDP as phosphate acceptor, and that the oxaloacetate so formed is converted to succinate via a DPNH-dependent malate dehydrogenase, a fumarate hydratase, and a DPNH-dependent fumarate reductase. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was also observed which differed markedly from fumarate reductase in that DPN+ was not reduced and in inhibition characteristics.
The Influence of the Fluids from the Genital Tract of the Ewe on the Survival of Ram Spermatozoa
Authors: Restall BJ
Published: July 2016

The survival and viability of ram spermatozoa in the presence of fluids from the genital tract of the ewe was studied under various incubation conditions for 6 hr at 37�C.
Freezing Ram Spermatozoa by the Pellet Method. II. the Effects of Method of Dilution Rate, Glycerol Concentration, and Duration of Storage at 5'c Prior to Freezing on Survival of Spermatozoa
Authors: Salamon S , Lightfoot RJ
Published: July 2016

Five factorial experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between the effects of diluent composition, method of dilution, dilution rate, glycerol con-centration, duration of storage at 5�C prior to freezing, and dilution rate at thawing on the survival of ram spermatozoa after freezing by the pellet method. The optimal method of dilution, glycerol concentration, and duration of storage were found to vary according to the composition of the diluent. With moderately hypertonic (6. = O� 7-0'9 degC) raffinose-yolk-citrate diluents, best post-thawing survival of spermatozoa was achieved by dilution with the glycerol-containing diluent at 30�C prior to cooling, with 3-4% glycerol in the diluted semen, and by a short (1 hr) period of storage at 5�C prior to pellet freezing.
Cytogenetical Studies in Wheat III. Studies of a Gene Conditioning Resistance to Stem Rust Strains with Unusual Genes for Avirulence
Authors: Baker EP , Sanghi AK , Mcintosh RA , Luig NH
Published: July 2016

A dominant gene conditioning resistance to certain stem rust strains each with
unusual genes for avirulence was located on chromosome ID. It was found to be
widespread among bread wheats, and is present in many Australian cultival's, some
of which possess no resistance to strains of wheat stem rust prevalent in the field.
Pathogenic tests indicated that it was identical with a gene described previously by
North American investigators. As it is different from any of the previously catalogued
genes in wheat for stem rust resistance the designation Sr18 is proposed.
Growth and Development of Aphelenchus Avenae Bastian
Authors: Fisher JM
Published: July 2016

Increases in length and breadth of larvae of A. avenae followed a roughly sigmoid pattern with plateaux representing the motionless phases of moulting. During these phases length decreased slightly, resulting in withdrawal of the head and tail from the old cuticle, and increased again as motility was resumed after the moult.
The Olfactory Mucosa of the Sheep
Authors: E Kratzing Jean
Published: July 2016

The olfactory mucosa of the sheep was studied by light and electron microscopy. The epithelium conforms to the general vertebrate pattern and consists of olfactory receptor cells, supporting, and basal cells. The free edge of the epithelium is made up of long microvilli from the supporting cells and olfactory rods of the receptor cells, each carrying 40-50 cilia. All cell types contain large dark granules which may be the site of olfactory pigment. The basement membrane is not visible in light microscopy and is fine and discontinuous in electron microscopy. Bowman's glands are simple, tubular, mucus-secreting glands in the lamina propria. Their cells contain basal granules resembling those in the epithelial cells. The lamina propria also contains bundles of fine, unmyelinated, olfactory nerve fibres which are the proximal continuations of the receptor cells.
The Simultaneous Transmission of a Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium and a Virus From Rose by Grafting and Mechanical Inoculation
Authors: Basit AA , Francki RIB , Kerr A
Published: July 2016

Fulton (1952) reported the transmission of rose mosaic virus (RMV) by mechanical inoculation from Rosa setigera Michx. to cucumber and thereafter to other herbaceous plants. This made possible the characterization of the virus, and later, its purification (Fulton 1967). In South Australia we have been unable to transmit viruses from rose leaves, flowers, or roots by mechanical inoculation directly to herbaceous plants. However, we have transmitted several virus isolates by patchbark grafting rose material to young peach seedlings and then mechanically transmitting virus from young peach leaves to cucumber seedlings (Basit and Francki, unpublished data). From at least one rose plant we have consistently isolated two pathogens via peach seedlings to cucumber seedlings, both of which were at first thought to be viruses but later one of the pathogens was identified as a species of Pseudomonas.
Some Properties of a Virus From Galinsoga Parviflora
Authors: Behncken GM
Published: July 2016

During an investigation of stipple streak disease of French beans near Nambour in south-eastern Queensland (Behncken 1968), the roots of a number of weed species were indexed for tobacco necrosis virus (TNV). A virus was regularly isolated from the roots of Galinsoga parvijlora Cav., an annual commonly called potato weed. It was distinguished from TNV on the basis of differences in host reactions, absence of any serological reaction with TNV antisera, and its failure to be transmitted to the roots of seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolu8 aureU8 Roxb.) by zoospores of the fungus Olpidium bra88icae (Wor.) Dang.
Ecological Differences Between Four Australian Isolates of Aphelenchus Avenae Bastian
Authors: Evans AAF , Fisher JM
Published: July 2016

Goodey (1963) synonymized all species of the genus Aphelenchu8 Bastian, 1865, under Aphelenchu8 avenae Bastian, 1865, emphasizing the lack of adequate detail in existing species descriptions and urging further close detailed study of different populations. To study variation in A. avenae in Australia we collected isolates from various places and maintained them in monoxenic culture on Rhizoctonia 80lani Kuhn in the laboratory. Several of the isolates showed distinct ecological differences and the results of experiments to measure these differences are reported here.
The Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on the Growth and Nucleolus of Wheat Coleoptiles
Authors: Rose RJ , Gregory Jeanette , Mercer FV
Published: July 2016

Intact etiolated wheat coleoptiles grown from the beginning of imbibition III 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) show normal cell elongation, but division is inhibited. 5-FU-treated coleoptiles, 48 hr after imbibition, have enlarged nucleoli (165% increase in volume) in which the RNA is mostly confined to the periphery. Untreated and treated nucleoli were studied by light and electron microscopy. The 5-FU effects on the nucleolus, which occur at the time cell division usually occurs if 5-FU is not present, are of interest in relation to ribosome synthesis. Uracil or thymidine did not reverse the nucleolar effects, but uracil further inhibited growth, while thymidine partly reversed the cell division inhibition. Results with 5-FU and thymidine suggest that the coleoptile cells can divide at least once when they have abnormal nucleoli, but normal nucleolar metabolism is essential for the complete growth of the etiolated wheat coleoptile.
Changes in Plasma Amino Acid Patterns in Sheep Associated with Supplements of Casein and Formaldehyde-Treated Casein
Authors: Reis PJ , Tunks DA
Published: July 2016

Changes in plasma amino acids were measured in sheep in response to supplements of 80-100 g/day of formaldehyde-treated casein in the diet, untreated casein in the diet, or untreated casein per abomasum.
The Phloem of the Wheat Stem in Relation to Requirements for Assimilate by The Ear
Authors: Evans LT , Dunstone RL , Rawson HM , Williams RF
Published: July 2016

The cross-sectional area of the phloem and the number of vascular bundles at the top of the main stem were determined in 22 diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats and related wild species grown at 21{16�C in 16-hr days of high light intensity.
The Early Stages of Grain Development in Wheat: Response to Light and Temperature in a Single Variety
Authors: Wardlaw IF
Published: July 2016

For wheat plants (cv. Gabo) grown under natural daylight at a temperature of 21/16�C, increase in dry weight of the stem exceeded that of the ear for the first 10 days following anthesis. Higher temperatures (27/22�C) resulted in a greater rate of grain development, with a corresponding increase in the rate of cell division in the endosperm tissue, and a shortening of the stem growth period. Despite initial differences in the rates of cell division with variation in temperature, the final number of cells formed in an endosperm did not vary significantly between temperature treatments. Dry weight accumulation in the stem was, in contrast to the grain, highest at lower temperatures (15/10�C).
Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum I. Mitosis in the Coenobium
Authors: Marchant HJ , Pickett-Heaps JD
Published: July 2016

Newly developed processing techniques have made possible an ultra� structural study of mitosis in the coenocytic green alga, H. reticulatum. Centrioles, apparently persistent in the coenobia, replicated and migrated to the poles of the prophase spindle as microtubules appeared between them. A perinuclear envelope of endoplasmic reticulum enclosed the nucleus, centrioles, and cytoplasmic microtubules around the nucleus at prophase; it remained virtually intact until telophase.
Regulation of Recombination at the His-3 Locus in Neurospora Crassa
Authors: Angel Teresa , Austin Barbara , Catcheside DG
Published: July 2016

The frequency of prototrophic recombination between pairs of his-3 alleles is increased in the absence of the dominant gene reo-w+, which is probably the same as reo-4+. The locus of reo-w is in linkage group V. The degree of increase is determined by genes at a reoognition locus (oog) situated about 1� 3 units distally to the hi8-3 locus. In the presence of oog+, derived from Y8743 which has Lindegren wild stocks as ancestors, the increase is about 30-fold.
The Development of Hair Follicles in the Marsupial Trichosurus Vulpecula
Authors: Lyne AG
Published: July 2016

The development of hair follicl'3s in the brush-tailed possum T. vulpecula has been studied in skin samples from animals ranging in age from embryos to adults. The first follicles appear at about 2 days after birth and develop rapidly, producing minute non-medullated hairs (about 0�5 mm long) during the first hair cycle.
The Distribution of Ciliated Cells in the Cervix of the Ewe
Authors: Restall BJ , Lightfoot RJ
Published: July 2016

The cervices obtained from 10 ewes during oestrus, and from 24 ewes slaughtered on days 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 of the oestrous cycle, were examined for the presence of ciliated cells in the luminal epithelium. The percentage of ciliated cells varied between 33�5 and 66�5% and significant variation was observed between ewes.
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE LATE LARVA OF CALLIPHORA STYGIA III. THE OCCURRENCE AND SYNTHESIS OF SPECIFIC TISSUE PROTEINS
Authors: Kinnear Judith F , Martin Marjoryd , Thomson JA
Published: July 2016

The occurrence and synthesis of soluble proteins from certain larval tissues of O. 8tygia have been examined by acrylamide.gel electrophoresis and autoradio-graphy at the feeding (days 4-6), wandering (days 7-10), and quiescent (day 11) stages of third-instar development. The protein species investigated are distributed as follows: fat body, 22; plasma, 21; body wall, 18; salivary gland cells, 16; salivary secretion, 18.
Dietary Regulation of Plasma Insulin and Growth Hormone Concentrations in Sheep
Authors: Bassett JM , Weston RH , Hogan JP
Published: July 2016

Plasma insulin and growth hormone concentrations have been measured by radio� immunoassay in fasting sheep and in sheep fed either a restricted amount of a concentrate diet or virtually ad libitum a variety of dried forage diets providing a wide range of energy and protein intakes.
Alterations in Host Metabolism by the Specific and Anorectic Effects of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) I. Food Intake and Body Weight Growth
Authors: Seebeck RM , Springell PH , O'kelly JC
Published: July 2016

This experiment was designed to measure the effects of infestation by B. microplus on cattle and to separate the effects of reduced food intake ("anorectic effect") from those due to the remaining factors of tick infestation ("specific effect"). Hereford cattle kept on a high-quality diet were studied over a treatment period of 11 weeks with the tick-infested animals being infested regularly with equal larval doses for each animal.
Uptake and Transport of Ions in Barley Seedlings I. Estimation of Chloride Fluxes in Cells of Excised Roots
Authors: Pitman MG
Published: July 2016

A comparison is made of transport of chloride through roots of barley seedlings, and the fluxes of chloride into the cells of the root estimated from efflux analysis. About 75% of tracer diffusing out of the cells in the root passes to the solution through the stele, but despite this complication it is considered that fluxes across plasmalemma and tonoplast could be estimated. It is shown that a model based on the sym. plasm theory can relate the specific activity of chloride transported to the shoot with the specific activity of a cytoplasmic phase calculated from the fluxes in the root cells.
Effect of Osmotic and Matric Potentials on the Availability of Water for Seed Germination
Authors: Mcwilliam JR , Phlllips PJ
Published: July 2016

Under special conditions where soil-moisture diffusivity and seed-soil contact are non-limiting, the osmotic and matric potentials of the substrate were found to be equivalent in their effect on the germination of seeds of ryegrass and dehulled phalaris over a range of water potentials from 0 to -15 bars. However, with intact phalaris seeds it appears that the seed coat constitutes a large resistance to the absorption of soil water, and under these conditions the equivalence between osmotic and matric potential no longer holds, and results of germination under osmotic stress must be used with caution in predicting the germination behaviour of seeds in dry soil.
Photoperiodic Induction of Flowering in the Late Pea Cultivar Greenfeast: The Role of Exposed Cotyledons and Leaves
Authors: Paton DM
Published: July 2016

Masking of leaf, stem, and cotyledon tissue below and including the first foliage leaf at node 3 delayed flowering. These masking treatments did not change the rate of node formation and the delayed flowering of masked plants involved equivalent increases in node of first flower and time of initiation of the first flower primordium. Masking of the cotyledons and masking of the first foliage leaf appeared equally effective in delaying flowering. Exposed cotyledons were competent to respond to continuous light before the epicotyl hook opened. It appears that the cotyledons are thus involved' in photoperiodic induction in continuous light in addition to the foliage leaves at nodes 3, 4, and 5.
The Fine Structure of the Sensory Epithelium of the Vomeronasal Organ in Suckling Rats
Authors: E Kratzing Jean
Published: July 2016

The amino acid sequence of the a-chain of haemoglobin from M. giganteus has been determined. The soluble peptides formed by tryptic digestion were isolated by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, paper ionophoresis, and chromatography. The amino acid sequences were determined by the "dansyl"Edman procedure. Incomplete hydrolysis of one bond resulted in a large insolublecore peptide containing 40 amino acid residues. The sequence of this peptide was deduced from the sequences of smaller peptides resulting from further digestion with thermolysin and papain. Maleylation of the a-globin before tryptic digestion gave three large fragments which assisted in assigning tryptic peptides to specific areas of the molecule. A special procedure involving maleylation of a chymotryptic digest of globin was used to isolate peptides containing arginine which provided overlap sequences of tryptic peptides
Root Length and Vapour Pressure Deficit: Effect on Relative Water Content in Zea Mays L.
Authors: Downey LA , Mitchell TC
Published: July 2016

The pair of lodicules situated at the base of the ovary and adjacent to the lemma of the wheat floret have long been known to be involved in the opening of the wheat floret at anthesis (see Arber 1965). At anthesis, the lodicules swell and force the lemma away from the palea, allowing the stamens to grow out from the floret. Some minutes later and presumably in response to a stimulus associated with pollination (male-sterile florets may remain open for many hours: Dr. A. T. Pugsley, personal communication) the lodicules collapse and the floret closes. We are studying the events which lead to this rapid swelling and degeneration of the lodicule in wheat and noticed that information about the nature of the vascular tissues in lodicules is very meagre.
Cell Differentiation in the Lower Outer Sheath of the Romney Wool Follicle: A Companion Cell Layer
Authors: Orwin DFG
Published: July 2016

Morphological evidence is presented showing that, in the Romney wool
follicle, the layer of cells in the outer root sheath lying next to Henle's layer differentiates
in the bulb as a separate and distinct layer from other outer root sheath
cells. The term "companion cell layer" is suggested for this layer. Its possible role
in the movement of the inner root sheath toward the skin surface is discussed.
Alterations in Host Metabolism by the Specific and Anorectic Effects of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) III. Metabolic Implication of Blood Volume Body Water and Carcass Composition Changes
Authors: Springell PH , O'kelly JC , Seebeck RM
Published: July 2016

Plasma and red cell volumes were determined and the amounts of circulating
metabolites deduced following heavy B. microplus infestation of Hereford steers fed a
high quality diet. The experiment was designed to separate out effects of the cattle
tick on host metabolism caused by reduced food intake ("anorectic effect"), and by
other factors ("specific effect"). The specific effect caused a depression of the red
cell volume and of the amounts of circulating haemoglobin, albumin, and total
cholesterol and increases in the amount of circulating globulin. Anorectic effects
were not significant.
Metabolic Studies with Banana Fruit Slices II. Effects of Inhibitors on Respiration, Ethylene Production, and Ripening
Authors: Mcglasson WB , Palmer JK , Vendrell M , Brady CJ
Published: July 2016

Transverse slices of green banana fruit were vacuum� infiltrated with aqueous
solutions of 24 potential inhibitors of protein synthesis, respiration, or ethylene
production. The effects of these compounds were examined in the absence or presence
of 10 p.p.m. ethylene. Of the compounds which produced marked effects mono�
fiuoroacetate, 4�hydroxy�2�oxoglutarate (HKG), KCN, and cycloheximide were
examined in more detail.
Relation Between the Tyrosine Content of Various Wools and Their Content of a Class of Proteins Rich in Tyrosine and Glycine
Authors: Gillespie JM , Darskus RL
Published: July 2016

Wool samples can vary in their content of tyrosine by as much as 60%. It
has been shown that this is due to variation in their content of a heterogeneous group
of proteins which are very rich in tyrosine and glycine (about 1 residue in 5 and 1
residue in 3 respectively). Certain Lincoln wools and some felting lustre mutant
Merino wools appear to contain very little of these proteins whereas fine Merino wools
may contain as much as 12% by weight of them. As this is too much protein to be
accommodated in the cuticular membranes, the currently held site of origin of hightyrosine
proteins, it is concluded that at least some of these proteins must be
accommodated in an unknown region of the cortex.
A Search for a Simple Keratin?The Precursor Keratin Proteins From Cow's Lip Epidermis
Authors: O'donnell IJ
Published: July 2016

In searching for a material which might contain a homogeneous keratin protein
as a major constituent, an examination was made of a soluble keratin precursor from
cow's lip epidermis. Formic acid was used as extractant. Assessment of homogeneity
was based on behaviour on DEAE-cellulose and on a consideration of the radioactively
labelled peptides in a size-charge peptide map of [14C]S-carboxymethylcysteine.
containing peptides from an enzyme digest. It is concluded that there is no major
homogeneous keratin precursor in cow's lip epidermis and that a family of closely
related proteins is present. The situation resembles that found in another a�keratin,
wool. There is evidence for the existence of a fraction, amounting to 6-8% of
the total protein, of higher sulphur content than the remainder of the protein both
in the soluble precursor protein and in the stratum corneum.
Fixation of Carbon Dioxide by Pre-Implantation Mouse Embryos in Vitro and the Activities of Enzymes Involved in the Process
Authors: Quinn P , Wales RG
Published: July 2016

The incorporation of fixed carbon from carbon dioxide into mouse embryos
was greatest in eight-cell embryos which developed into blastocysts during a 24-hr
culture period and was four to five times greater than the incorporation into two-cell
embryos cultured for a similar period. The net accumulation of labelled products
in the culture medium was greatest during the culture of the morula stage to the
blastocyst over 24 hr.
Metabolism of Chlorphenamidine in Larvae of the Cattle Tick Boophilus Microplus
Authors: Schuntner CA
Published: July 2016

Larval ticks were immersed in aqueous preparations of chlorphenamidine
labelled with 14C in the 2-methyl position. The chemical penetrated rapidly and
produced no mortality of larvae, but a quick knockdown from which at low
concentrations they appeared to recover quickly. Metabolism of chlorphenamidine
was relatively slow compared with that of organophosphorus acaricides in the same
strain of larvae. Major metabolites, identified by paper chromatographic and
countercurrent distribution behaviour, and by ultraviolet spectra, were N-formyl-
4-chloro-o-toluidine, 4-chloro-o-toluidine, and a conjugated phenolic derivative.
This sequence appeared to be the metabolic route. The evidence suggested that
chlorphenamidine itself was the active toxicant.
Interaction of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide and Gibberellic Acid on Dwarf Bean and Dwarf Corn
Authors: Veinbrants N , Rowan KS
Published: July 2016

Although succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) is usually classed as an
antagonist of gibberellins, it does not inhibit synthesis of gibberellin in Fusarium
(Ninneman et al. 1964; Dennis, Upper, and West 1965), nor inhibit release of reducing
sugars from barley endosperm by gibberellic acid (GAa) (Paleg et al. 1965) or interact
additively with ammonium(5-hydroxycarvacryl)trimethyl chloride piperidine
carboxylate (Amo 1618) or (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC)
(Moore 1967). In addition, Alar reverses inhibition of growth of rice plants induced
by CCC (Hishra and Paul 1967). In this paper we show that while Alar antagonizes
the action of GAa in dwarf bean, it shows positive synergism with GAa in stimulating
the growth of the first leaf sheath of dwarf corn (d1).
Inter-Isolate Heterokaryosis in Thanatephorus Cucumeris I. Between Isolates of Similar Pathogenicity
Authors: M Stretton Helena , Flentje NT
Published: July 2016

Previous investigations in this laboratory of heterokaryosis in T. cucumeris have utilized mutant progeny of one field isolate. The work has now been extended to include four field isolates, of different geographic origin, yet of similar host specificity in their pathogenic reactions (viz. all pathogenic to crucifers only among the hosts tested). Mutant single.spore cultures derived from these four have been induced to form inter-isolate heterokaryons, regardless of their differences (e.g. in origin, cultural appearance, fruiting ability, survival ability). Complementation for pathogenicity and fruiting behaviour was observed in these heterokaryons and wild-type progeny showed no segregation in pathogenic reactions. This suggests genetic similarity between all four isolates in regard to the factors controlling pathogenicity. However, wild-type progeny exhibited considerable variation in cultural appearance, the extent varying with the mutants used. Cultural differences may be a reflection of different saprophytic abilities.
Ultrastructural Localization of Ions I. Effect of High External Sodium Chloride Concentration on the Apparent Distribution of Chloride in Leaf Parenchyma Cells of Barley Seedlings
Authors: Van Steveninck RFM , Chenoweth ARF
Published: July 2016

An ultrastructural method (Komnick and Bierther 1969) was used to show the cellular distribution of chloride in the mesophyll cells of barley seedlings which were raised on half-strength Hoagland solution in the presence or absence of 100 mM NaC!.
The Effect of day Length on Primordia Production of the Wheat Apex
Authors: Lucas Daphne
Published: July 2016

A detailed study was made of primordia production on the main culm of the wheat cultivar, Triple Dirk, grown continuously in short days (8 hr), or in 0, 12, 20, and 28 short days before transfer to long days (16 hr), each at two levels of light intensity. For both light intensities plants in continuous short days produced the maximum number of primorida, and there was a mean reduction of 28, 31, 36, and 41 % in primordia in the treatments that received 28, 20, 12, or 0 short days before transfer to long days.