bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in cause-specific mortality and transition to renal replacement therapy among patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Goto Shunsuke , Hamano Takayuki , Ogata Satoshi , Masakane Ikuto
Published: February 2020

Despite some studies showing seasonal variations in mortality and the transition to renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease, detailed evidence is still scarce. We investigated seasonal variations in patients with end-stage renal disease using a large Japanese database for dialysis patients. We compared the fractions of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and the transition to renal replacement therapy among seasons and performed a mixed-effects Poisson regression analysis to compare the mortality among seasons after adjustment for some variables. The initiation of hemodialysis was highest in winter and lowest in summer. Seasonality in the initiation of peritoneal dialysis and transition to kidney transplantation differed from hemodialysis. All-cause mortality was highest in the winter and lowest in the summer. Death from coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage, and infectious pneumonia had similar seasonality, but death from cerebral infarction, septicemia, or malignant tumor did not have similar seasonality. In conclusion, the initiation of hemodialysis, all-cause mortality, and mortality from coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage, and infectious pneumonia were significantly highest in winter and lowest in summer. However, the initiation of peritoneal dialysis, transition to kidney transplantation, or mortality from cerebral infarction, septicemia, or malignant tumor did not have similar seasonal variations.
Changes in metabolic syndrome and its components and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lee Min-Kyung , Han Kyungdo , Kim Mee Kyoung , Koh Eun Sil , Kim Eun Sook , Nam Ga Eun , Kwon Hyuk-Sang
Published: February 2020

We investigated the relationship of changes in Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in South Korea. Records of 10,806,716 adults aged ≥ 20 years without a history of T2D between 2009 and 2015 were retrieved from database of the South Korean National Health Insurance Service and analyzed. Changes in metabolic components were monitored over a two-year period with follow-up occurring at an average of 4.087 years. During the follow-up period, 848,859 individuals were diagnosed with T2D. The risk of diabetes was lowered with a decrease in the number of MetS components at baseline and the second visit (p for trend <0.0001). Multivariable-adjusted HRs for incident diabetes were 0.645 among individuals with reduced number of MetS components, 0.54 for those with improvement in elevated fasting glucose, 0.735 for those with improvement in elevated triglycerides, 0.746 for those with improvement in elevated blood pressure, 0.763 for those with improvement in reduced HDL-cholesterol, and 0.92 for those with improvement in abdominal obesity compared with those manifesting them at both time points. In conclusion, changes in metabolic syndrome and its components were significantly associated with the development of T2D. Improvement in MetS and its components attenuated the risk of diabetes.
The Adipocyte Acquires a Fibroblast-Like Transcriptional Signature in Response to a High Fat Diet
Authors: Jones Jessica E. C. , Rabhi Nabil , Orofino Joseph , Gamini Ramya , Perissi Valentina , Vernochet Cecile , Farmer Stephen R.
Published: February 2020

Visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) expands and undergoes extensive remodeling during diet-induced obesity. Much is known about the contribution of various stromal vascular cells to the remodeling process, but less is known of the changes that occur within the adipocyte as it becomes progressively dysfunctional. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of isolated vWAT adipocytes to assess global pathway changes occurring in response to a chronic high fat diet (HFD). The data demonstrate that the adipocyte responds to the HFD by adopting a fibroblast-like phenotype, characterized by enhanced expression of ECM, focal adhesion and cytoskeletal genes and suppression of many adipocyte programs most notably those associated with mitochondria. This study reveals that during obesity the adipocyte progressively becomes metabolically dysfunctional due to its acquisition of fibrogenic functions. We propose that mechano-responsive transcription factors such as MRTFA and SRF contribute to both upregulation of morphological genes as well as suppression of mitochondrial programs.
Ultrathin Assembles of Porous Array for Enhanced H2 Evolution
Authors: Islam Aminul , Hwa Teo Siow , Awual Md. Rabiul , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
Published: February 2020

Since the complexity of photocatalyst synthesis process and high cost of noble cocatalyst leftovers a major hurdle to producing hydrogen (H2) from water, a noble metal-free Ni-Si/MgO photocatalyst was realized for the first time to generate H2 effectively under illumination with visible light. The catalyst was produced by means of simple one-pot solid reaction using self-designed metal reactor. The physiochemical properties of photocatalyst were identified by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, UV-visible, XPS, GC and PL. The photocatalytic activities of Ni-Si/MgO photocatalyst at different nickel concentrations were evaluated without adjusting pH, applied voltage, sacrificial agent or electron donor. The ultrathin-nanosheet with hierarchically porous structure of catalyst was found to exhibit higher photocatalytic H2 production than hexagonal nanorods structured catalyst, which suggests that the randomly branched nanosheets are more active surface to increase the light-harvesting efficiency due to its short electron diffusion path. The catalyst exhibited remarkable performance reaching up to 714 µmolh−1 which is higher among the predominant semiconductor catalyst. The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic reaction irradiated under visible light illumination through the production of hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals on metals. The outcome indicates an important step forward one-pot facile approach to prepare noble ultrathin photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water.
First Observation of a Spontaneously Matured Female European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Palstra A. P. , Jéhannet P. , Swinkels W. , Heinsbroek L. T. N. , Lokman P. M. , Vesala S. , Tulonen J. , Lakka T. , Saukkonen S.
Published: February 2020

This study reports on the first observation of a spontaneously matured female European eel. The 43-year-old eel, together with eleven other females, resided at an aquarium house since their capture in 2002 and stocking as glass eels in 1978. In June 2019, the girth of the belly of the female increased as a sign of oocyte maturation. The specimen had an estimated gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 47, only half of the oocytes were hydrated and matured, indicating that European eels are polycyclic batch spawners. The live eels of the cohort were still in the previtellogenic phase but their eye sizes were close to that of the matured eel. We hypothesize that substances released by other maturing and spawning fishes may have triggered puberty of the eel. This first observation, and the possibility of more eels maturing in the near future, provides a natural reference for the sexual maturation of the European eel.
Power of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis in Rapid Microbial Detection and Identification at the Single Cell Level
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saiful Islam , Oh Se-Wook , Kim Yun-Ji
Published: February 2020

The demand for rapid, consistent and easy-to-use techniques for detecting and identifying pathogens in various areas, such as clinical diagnosis, the pharmaceutical industry, environmental science and food inspection, is very important. In this study, the reference strains of six food-borne pathogens, namely,Escherichia coli0157: H7 ATCC 43890,Cronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29004,SalmonellaTyphimurium ATCC 43971,Staphylococcus aureusKCCM 40050,Bacillus subtilisATCC 14579, andListeria monocytogenesATCC 19115, were chosen for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In our study, the time-consuming sample preparation step for the microbial analysis under SEM was avoided, which makes this detection process notably rapid. Samples were loaded onto a 0.01-µm-thick silver (Ag) foil surface to avoid any charging effect. Two different excitation voltages, 10 kV and 5 kV, were used to determine the elemental information. Information obtained from SEM-EDX can distinguish individual single cells and detect viable and nonviable microorganisms. This work demonstrates that the combination of morphological and elemental information obtained from SEM-EDX analysis with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) enables the rapid identification of single microbial cells without following time-consuming microbiological cultivation methods.
Machine learning for total organic carbon analysis of environmental water samples using high-throughput colorimetric sensors
Authors: Luo Run , Ma Guodong , Bi Sifan , Duan Qiannan , Chen Jiayuan , Feng Yunjin , Liu Fenli , Lee Jianchao
Published: February 2020

Process of total organic carbon (TOC) prediction using colorimetric sensors and machine learning (ML).
A novel approach toward Snowman-like polymer/SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles via gas-driving
Authors: Lin Qianqian , Wang Juan , Yuan Jinfeng , Jiang Yuan , Zhu Lei , Pan Mingwang
Published: February 2020

For the first time, we report an interesting transition from conventional core–shell polymer/SiO2 particles to self-stable snowman-like particles, which can be achieved by adding a low-boiling point oil-soluble monomer.
Existence of untypical halogen-involving interactions in crystal packings: a statistical and first-principles study
Authors: Balmohammadi Yaser , Khavasi Hamid Reza , Naghavi S. Shahab
Published: February 2020

There is a common perception by the scientific community that a halogen-involving interaction forms when the distance between the donor atom and the acceptor atom is less than the sum of their van der Waals (vdW) radii.
Co-deposition of gas hydrates by pressurized thermal evaporation
Authors: Arzbacher Stefan , Rahmatian Nima , Ostermann Alexander , Gasser Tobias M. , Loerting Thomas , Petrasch Jörg
Published: February 2020

A new synthesis route featuring vapor deposition at super-atmospheric pressure is proposed for the study of hydrate formation and decomposition.
Absorption spectra of benzoic acid in water at different pH and in the presence of salts: insights from the integration of experimental data and theoretical cluster models
Authors: Karimova Natalia V. , Luo Man , Grassian Vicki H. , Gerber R. Benny
Published: February 2020

The microscopic interpretation of the electronic structure and absorption spectra of BA in aqueous media through calculations restricted to small cluster models.
Assessing the prevalence, products, and pathways of dissolved organic matter partial photo-oxidation in arctic surface waters
Authors: Ward Collin P. , Cory Rose M.
Published: February 2020

Isotope tracer experiments reveal that rates of dissolved organic matter partial photochemical oxidation are considerably underestimated in arctic surface waters.
Rapid organic solvent extraction coupled with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic mapping for ultrasensitive quantification of foliarly applied silver nanoparticles in plant leaves
Authors: Zhang Zhiyun , Xia Ming , Ma Chuanxin , Guo Huiyuan , Wu Wenhao , White Jason C. , Xing Baoshan , He Lili
Published: February 2020

An organic solvent-based extraction approach coupled with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic mapping technique to quantify silver nanoparticles in spinach leaf.
Controllable synthesis of peapod-like TiO2@GO@C electrospun nanofiber membranes with enhanced mechanical properties and photocatalytic degradation abilities towards methylene blue
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chen Xing , Wang Haiyan , Bai Xuming , Deng Xiaonan , Yao Qiming , Wang Jianmei , Tang Bin , Lin Wanming , Li Shuangshou
Published: February 2020

Electrospun peapod-like TiO2@GO@C nanofiber membranes enhance their photocatalytic properties for the improved crystallinity of TiO2 and carrier transport, and simultaneously improve their mechanical properties.
Fluorine-containing graphene quantum dots with a high singlet oxygen generation applied for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Wang Dong , Xu Mingsheng , Wang Jingmin , Hu Xiaolong , Anwar Sadat , Tedesco Antonio Claudio , Morais Paulo Cesar , Bi Hong
Published: February 2020

Compared with graphene quantum dots (GQDs), fluorine-containing GQDs (F-GQDs) present higher 1O2 generation under light irradiation and thus cause obvious toxicity to HepG2 cells. F-GQDs can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
Sensitive RNase A detection and intracellular imaging using a natural compound-assisted tetrahedral DNA nanoprobe
Authors: Tong Chunyi , Hu Yalei , Xie Qian , Zhou Ting , Fan Jialong , Qin Yan , Liu Bin , Wang Wei
Published: February 2020

We report an intracellular imaging and assay nanoplatform for RNase A using a DNA tetrahedron-based fluorescent probe as a substrate.
Organocatalytic asymmetric [4+2] cyclization of 2-benzothiazolimines with azlactones: access to chiral benzothiazolopyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Ni Qijian , Wang Xuyang , Xu Fangfang , Chen Xiaoyun , Song Xiaoxiao
Published: February 2020

A squaramide catalyzed regiospecific and stereoselective [4+2] cyclization of 2-benzothiazolimines with azlactones has been established.
On the mechanism of soot nucleation
Authors: Frenklach Michael , Mebel Alexander M.
Published: February 2020

New ideas and theoretical results offer a solution to soot particle inception following critical examination of prior proposals.
Effect of protein corona on nanoparticle–plasma membrane and nanoparticle–biomimetic membrane interactions
Authors: Wang Lu , Hartel Nicolas , Ren Kaixuan , Graham Nicholas Alexander , Malmstadt Noah
Published: February 2020

A systematic study of the protein corona's effect on nanoparticle–biomembrane electrostatic interactions. Nanoparticle adhesion and membrane integrity upon interaction were compared between plasma membranes and biomimetic membranes.
Transparent and tough poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels prepared in water/IL mixtures
Authors: Liu Yu-wei , Wang Ping , Wang Jun , Xu Bo , Xu Jin , Yuan Jiu-gang , Yu Yuan-yuan , Wang Qiang
Published: February 2020

A kind of transparent poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels with superior mechanical performance is prepared by in situ free radical polymerization of HEMA in water/BmimCl mixtures followed by the exchange of BmimCl with water.
Access to highly enantioselective and diastereoselective spirooxindole dihydrofuran fused pyrazolones
Authors: Warghude Prakash K. , Sabale Abhijeet S. , Bhat Ramakrishna G.
Published: February 2020

Access to highly enantioselective and diastereoselective spirooxindole dihydrofuran fused pyrazolones from MBH-carbonates and pyrazole 4,5-diones.
Bioinformatics analysis of prognostic significance of COL10A1 in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Mingdi , Chen Hongliang , Wang Maoli , Bai Fang , Wu Kejin
Published: February 2020

Background: Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) is overexpressed in diverse tumors and displays vital roles in tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic value of COL10A1 in breast cancer remains unclear.

Methods: The expression of COL10A1 was analyzed by the Oncomine database and UALCAN cancer database. The relationship between COL10A1 expression level and clinical indicators including prognostic data in breast cancer were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier Plotter, PrognoScan, and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner (bc-GenExMiner) databases.

Results: COL10A1 was up-regulated in different subtypes of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status and nodal status were positively correlated with COL10A1 expression. Conversely, age, the Scarff–Bloom–Richardson (SBR) grade, basal-like status, and triple-negative status were negatively related to COL10A1 level in breast cancer samples compared with normal tissues. Patients with increased COL10A1 expression level showed worse overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). COL10A1 was positively correlated with metastatic relapse-free survival. GSEA analysis revealed that enrichment of TGF-β signaling pathway. 15-leucine-rich repeat containing membrane protein (LRRC15) is a correlated gene of COL10A1.

Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL10A1 might be considered as a predictive biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer. Further experiments and clinical trials are essential to elucidate the value of COL10A1 in breast cancer treatment.
Intraoperative Evaluation of Essential Vocal Tremor in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Erickson-DiRenzo Elizabeth , Sung C. Kwang , Ho Allen L. , Halpern Casey H.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Essential vocal tremor (EVT) is a prevalent and difficult-to-manage voice disorder. There is evidence that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus may be beneficial for treating EVT. The objective of this preliminary investigation was to conduct intraoperative voice assessments during Vim-DBS implantation in order to evaluate immediate voice outcomes in medication-refractory essential tremor patients with co-occurring EVT.

Method

Seven adult subjects diagnosed with EVT undergoing Vim-DBS surgery participated in this investigation. Voice samples of sustained vowels were collected by a speech-language pathologist preoperatively and intraoperatively, immediately following Vim-DBS electrode placement. Voice evaluation included objective acoustic assessment of the rate and extent of EVT fundamental frequency and intensity modulation and subjective perceptual ratings of EVT severity.

Results

The rate of intensity modulation, extent of fundamental frequency modulation, and perceptual rating of EVT severity were significantly reduced intraoperatively as compared to preoperatively. Moderate, positive correlations were appreciated between a subset of acoustic measures and perceptual severity ratings.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate a speech-language pathologist can conduct intra-operative evaluation of EVT during DBS surgery. Using a noninvasive, simple acoustic recording method, we were able to supplement perceptual subjective observation with objective assessment and demonstrate immediate, intraoperative improvements in EVT. The findings of this analysis inform the added value of intraoperative voice evaluation in Vim-DBS patients and contribute to the growing body of literature seeking to evaluate the efficacy of DBS as a treatment for EVT.
Study on Effect of Structure and Propellant on Beam of ECR Ion Source
Authors: Huang Wenbin , Yang Juan , Meng Haibo , Xia Xu , Fu Yuliang , Hu Zhan
Published: February 2020

To increase the ion current from the ion source is an important way to improve the performance of the electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster(ECRIT). The ion migration distance, magnetic topology and propellant have a close influence on the extracting ion beam. This influence is studied through both magnetic circuit structure calculation and experiments, by using an ion source with different gate mounting positions and magnet lengths. Experimental results show that the distribution of the ECR region will be discontinuous when the length of the magnet is too short. This will greatly reduce the performance of the ion source. To increase the length of the magnet is beneficial to the beam emission at high gas flow rate, but it reduces the beam emission at low gas flow rate. The effect of the ion migration distance on the ion beam is related to the plasma density in the ion source. When the gas flow rate is low, a longer gate mounting ring is beneficial to increase the ion current. When the gas flow rate is high, the different magnetic topology will cause the gate mounting ring which influences on the ion current. At low gas flow conditions, xenon gas can significantly improve the discharge stability of the ion source and increase the ion current. However, at high gas flow rate, the concentration effect of the neutral particles is too strong that affects the energy accumulation process of the free electrons. This would cause the decrease in the ion current.
Interpolating Industrial Robot Orientation with Hermite Spline Curve Based on Logarithmic Quaternion
Authors: Pu Yasong , Shi Yaoyao , Lin Xiaojun , Guo Jian
Published: February 2020

Smooth orientation planning has an important influence on the working quality and service life as for industrial robot. Based on the logarithmic quaternion, a compact method to map a spline curve from Cartesian space to quaternion space is proposed, and consequently the multi-orientation smooth interpolation of quaternion is realized. Combining with the relevant example case, the detailed method and steps of multi-orientation interpolation are introduced for mapping Hermite spline curve into quaternion space, and the validity of the principle is verified by using the example case. The present multi-orientation smooth interpolation of quaternion has the characteristics of simple construction, easy implementation and intuitive understanding. The method is not only applicable to multi-orientation interpolation of quaternion with Hermite spline curve, but also can extended to the spline curves such as Bezier spline and B-spline.
Process Knowledge Graph Construction Method for Process Reuse
Authors: Li Xiuling , Zhang Shusheng , Huang Rui , Huang Bo , Wang Sijia
Published: February 2020

Aiming at the problems of process knowledge reuse and sharing led by the difficulty of unified representation of complex and diverse process knowledge, a process knowledge graph construction method for process reuse is proposed. Firstly, to ensure the accuracy and universality of data schema for process knowledge, the basic schema of process knowledge graph is constructed based on step-nc. Secondly, to improve process knowledge graph basic schema, the process knowledge graph extensive schema is established through process knowledge analysis and process knowledge combination. Meanwhile, to construct the process knowledge graph schema, the existing rules of experience are represented by SWRL language. Moreover, to instantiate the process knowledge graph schema, the process cases are analyzed under the guidance of process knowledge graph schema and the similarity between process cases is computed by latent semantic analysis technology. And then, process cases are transformed into the structured process knowledge graph representation, and process knowledge graph data is obtained. Finally, the process knowledge graph construction application platform is developed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Research of Fracture Mechanics Applied in the Cutting Process of Plastic Metals
Authors: Shi Hongyan , Zhao Xianfeng , Wang Ziqin , Jiang Xueting , Zou Zichuan , Hu Xiaolong
Published: February 2020

Shear theory is the mainstream view to explain the cutting process. Because of the complexity of the cutting process, it is still difficult to explain and predict the physical phenomena in the cutting process accurately by shear theory. While some physical phenomena can be well explained by fracture theory. At the same time, with the development of fracture theory, fracture phenomenon in cutting process has attracted scholarsattention again. Therefore, the early development and current application of fracture theory in the study of cutting process are reviewed in detail. The research results and key points of fracture theory in cutting process are summarized. The development direction of fracture theory in the cutting process is briefly discussed. It is considered that the integration of fracture theory and shear theory is an effective way to study cutting mechanism, and the cutting process is divided into six stages in order to integrate fracture and shear theory.
Investigation of Differential Evolution Algorithm for a Tandem Cascade Optimization
Authors: Wang Yangang , Xi Ningning , Hu Jiawei , Zhang Jun , He Xiaomei , Xiang Honghui
Published: February 2020

Due to the fact that there are numerous factors and parameters associated to tandem cascade, and upstream and downstream blades have intensive interference and unknown matching correlation, it is difficult to create tandem blades with high performance based on conventional optimization design method. Therefore, developing an optimization strategy that can take into account key parameters of tandem blades is a feasible way to get optimal design of tandem cascade. In the present work, the Sphere and Rastrigin test functions were adopted to compare and analyze five differential evolution modes, and the DE/r2b/2 evolution mode was then obtained, which can be applied to engineering practice. Based on the present evolutionary pattern, the combination the effects of axial overlap (AO), percent pitch (PP), camber ratio (TR), chord ratio (CR) and approximate incidence angle of the rear blade (Kb-b) are considered comprehensively. Thus, the optimization process and strategy are designed, and the optimization objective function is determined. The optimization results show that under the condition of designed Mach number and large angle of attack (AOA), comparing with the original blades, the optimization makes the static pressure ratio of the tandem blades increased by 1.14%, and the total pressure loss coefficient decreased by 6.57%.
Zero-Shot Image Classification Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Fusion Feature
Authors: Chen Wenbai , Chen Xiangfeng , Liu Qiong , Han Hu
Published: February 2020

Aiming at the limitation of describing the semantic attributes of target classification, this paper proposes an adaptive weighted fusion feature based zero-sampling image classification algorithm. Firstly, the fusion weights are initialized randomly. Meantime, the semantic vector features and semantic attributes of the text are fused by neural network. Then, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the weight of feature fusion. Finally, the features of weighted fusion are regarded as the transfer knowledge of the classification of zero-sampling images. The experimental results show that the classification algorithm based on adaptive weighted fusion for the zero-sampling image has an accuracy rate of 88.9% on the Animals with Attributes (AWA) data set, which illustrates the effectiveness. What's more, the proposed algorithm also improves the stability of the classification model for the zero-sampling image compared with the fusion feature.
Determination of chemical parameters and storage stability of extra virgin olive oil extracted by Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit
Authors: Ghanbari Shendi Esmaeil , Sivri Ozay Dilek , Ozkaya Mucahit Taha , Ustunel Nimeti Feyza
Published: February 2020

The effects of storage time on the stability and quality of cold press extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) extracted from cv. Tavşan Yüreği locally grown in Antalya Region of Anatolia was investigated. The Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit (TEM Oliomio 500-2GV, Italy) was designed and used for the monocultivar olive oil production. Changes on the free fatty acid, peroxide value, UV absorption values, total phenol content, phenolic and tocopherol profiles, and sensory properties of EVOO samples were determined for 12 months. Results showed that fresh “Tavşan Yüreği” EVOO was classified as EVOO declared by the International Olive Council (IOC) standards-based in terms of chemical and sensory properties. It had a sensory profile with an equilibrated taste of intense fruitiness and medium bitterness and pungency at the end of one year. Although positive attributes (fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency) slightly decreased, color values of EVOO changed from green to yellow. Although total phenols content of EVOO samples were 385.27 ± 0.908 ppm at the beginning of storage, it decreased to 327.58 ± 0.212 ppm after a year storing. Luteolin was the most abundant phenolic compound and its content decreased by 14% at the end of storage, while tyrosol content of EVOO increased from 12 to 36.17 ppm. After twelve months, α-tocopherol contents decreased 22.38%. Using Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit increased oxidative stability and quality of extracted EVOO.
Durchblutung der Nieren
Authors: Artunc Ferruh
Published: February 2020

Die Hämodialyse (HD) führt zu einer hämodynamischen Belastung, die sich in einem Blutdruckabfall und einer Minderperfusion manifestieren können. Frühere Arbeiten haben gezeigt, dass die koronare Perfusion während einer HD abnimmt und dadurch eine myokardiale Dysfunktion entsteht. Auch eine zerebrale Minderperfusion konnte nachgewiesen werden. In einer aktuellen Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass auch die renale Perfusion während einer Standard-HD abnimmt und dass eine Senkung der Dialysattemperatur auf 35,0° C dem entgegenwirken könnte.
Volumenstatus bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Schork Anja
Published: February 2020

Das Volumenmanagement mit Erreichen des Trockengewichts verbessert bei Dialysepatienten die Blutdruckeinstellung und die Herz-Kreislauf bedingte Sterblichkeit, bleibt jedoch eine Herausforderung in der Behandlung von Dialysepatienten. Überwässerung entsteht als vermehrte Wasseransammlung v. a. im interstitiellen Kompartiment und zeigt sich klinisch ab einer gewissen Menge (ca. 3 Litern) als Ödem. Zur Beurteilung des Volumenstatus sind nach wie vor die klinische Untersuchung und der Kontext zur aktuellen klinischen Situation ausschlaggebend. Laborchemisch kann erhöhtes NT-pro-BNP im Plasma eine Überwässerung anzeigen, ist gut zur Verlaufsbeurteilung geeignet und hat eine prognostische Bedeutung. Der Ultraschall kann insbesondere den intravasalen Volumenstatus, aber auch eine pulmonale Überwässerung einschätzen. Die Bioimpedanz-Spektroskopie liefert untersucherunabhängig einen litergenauen Wert der Überwässerung und ergänzt zusätzlich Informationen über die Fett- und Muskelmasse des Körpers. Insgesamt bleibt die Einschätzung des Wasserhaushalts ein Mosaik, das sich aus der Gesamtansicht aller Befunde ergibt.
Early Corrections after Failed Ankle Fracture Fixation
Authors: Marx Christine , Schaser Klaus Dieter , Rammelt Stefan
Published: February 2020

Even minor residual fragment malpositioning after internal fixation of ankle fractures is associated with a worse prognosis. Frequent causes for non-anatomical reduction are fibular shortening due to comminuted fractures or poor bone quality, translational or rotational malpositioning of the distal fibula within the tibial incisura with unstable syndesmosis injuries, and inadequately addressed bony avulsions of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. After operative treatment of fracture dislocations with syndesmotic fixation, in case of complex fracture pathoanatomy, and with suspected non-anatomic reduction in postoperative radiographs, computed tomography imaging of both ankles should be performed. Correction of relevant malreductions should be performed as early as possible in order to speed up rehabilitation and to avoid late sequelae due to a load shift or instability in a weight-bearing joint.
Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Added Load in Females
Authors: Kujawa Molly , Goerlitz Aleyna , Rutherford Drew , Kernozek Thomas W.
Published: February 2020

Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) pain syndrome is a commonly reported form of pain in female runners and military personnel. Increased PFJ stress may be a contributing factor. Few studies have examined PFJ stress running with added load. Our purpose was to analyze PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, quadriceps force, knee flexion angle, and other kinematic and temporospatial variables running with and without a 9 kg load. Nineteen females ran across a force platform with no added load and 9.0 kg weight vest. Kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capture and kinetic data with a force platform. Muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model, and peak PFJ loading variables were calculated during stance. Multivariate analyses were run on PFJ loading variables and on cadence, step length and foot strike index. Differences were shown in PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, peak knee flexion angle and quadriceps force. Joint specific kinetic variables increased between 5–16% with added load. PFJ loading variables increased with 9 kg of added load without changes in cadence, step length, or foot strike index compared to no load. Added load appears to increase the PFJ loading variables associated with PFJ pain in running.
Oxidation of 4-Aryl-1,1,1-trifluorobut-2-en-2-yl Trifluoro­methanesulfonates by 4-Picoline-N-Oxide: A Novel Approach to β-Trifluoromethyl-α,β-enones
Authors: Li Dong , Lv Shujun , Qu Jingping , Zhou Yuhan
Published: February 2020

An efficient approach to β-trifluoromethyl-α,β-enones via oxidation of 4-aryl-1,1,1-trifluorobut-2-en-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonates is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild and metal­-free conditions and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. Various β-trifluoromethyl-α,β-enones were obtained in moderate to good yields.
Performing Antegrade Selective Cerebral Perfusion Using the AV Cannula: A Novel Approach
Authors: Venturini Andrea , Gallingani Alan , Asta Angiolino , Zanchettin Chiara , Zoffoli Giampaolo , Cannarella Antonio , Mangino Domenico
Published: February 2020

Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion has become the preferred choice for brain protection during aortic arch surgery. To perform antegrade selective cerebral perfusion, cannulas have been introduced directly into the ostia of the supra-aortic vessels (SAV) after institution of hypothermic circulatory arrest and opening the aortic arch. We describe a different surgical technique with a new type of cannula for antegrade selective cerebral perfusion. This cannula, called AV (Andrea Venturini) cannula, has been designed to be introduced in the SAV directly using a standard guidewire technique (Seldinger's technique). The AV cannula can also be introduced from the ostia of the SAV if preferred. The AV cannula can be introduced before the institution of hypothermic circulatory arrest and before opening the aortic arch. One great advantage of this technique is that the ostia of the SAV remain free from a cannula, allowing the operator easier access and a faster anastomosis or reimplantation.
Robustness Testing of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Monotherapy Following Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Steinberger Zvi , Xu Heng , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Chen Chi-Der , Caron Robert J. , Qin Ling , Zhang Yixin , Levin Lawrence Scott
Published: February 2020

Background Immunosuppression risks are a major concern with vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). As an emerging strategy, the antirejection role played by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is receiving attention. However, the current literature reports are inconclusive regarding the robustness of the MSC monotherapy. Using a rat forelimb VCA model, this study tested the robustness of the immunomodulation efficacy of gingival-derived MSCs (GMSCs) and bone marrow–derived MSCs (BMMSCs).

Methods Forelimbs were transplanted on pairs of major histocompatibility complex–incompatible rats (Wistar-Kyoto donor, Lewis [LEW] recipient). Twenty-four LEW rats were randomly divided into four groups, including control (no treatment) and three treatment groups: rapamycin (2 mg/kg/day for 28 days, postoperatively), BMMSC and GMSC, both of which received donor-derived stem cells administered intravenously on postoperative days (PODs) 0, 3, 7, and 14. Rejection was considered as 80% skin necrosis of the allograft. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) was performed to evaluate healing at osteosynthesis site. On POD 14, limbs from each group underwent histological analysis and rejection grading using the Banff system.

Results Both BMMSC (15.0 days) and GMSC (14.7 days) treatment failed to prolong VCA survival in comparison with the control group (13.8 days; p > 0.050), while the rapamycin significantly delayed acute VCA rejection (24.5 days; p = 0.003). Micro-CT imaging revealed no gross visual difference across all groups. Histology revealed that the control group was most severely affected (grades III and IV) followed by MSC (grade II) and rapamycin (grade I).

Conclusion MSC monotherapy, both BMMSC and GMSC, did not inhibit rejection in our VCA model. Skin immunogenicity is an important issue in promoting rejection, and a concomitant immunosuppression regimen should be considered to prolong allograft survival.
Enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties in the [001]-poled 0.25Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.43Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.32PbTiO3 single crystal near morphotropic phase boundary by alternating current treatment
Authors: Ma Ming , Xia Song , Song Kexin , Guo Haisheng , Fan Shiji , Li Zhenrong
Published: February 2020

In this paper, temperature dependance of induced dielectric and piezoelectric properties in the [001]-oriented predirect current poling (DCP) of the 0.25Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.43Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.32PbTiO3 (0.25PIN-0.43PMN-0.32PT) single crystals near morphotropic phase boundary was investigated using the alternating current treatment (ACT). By the optimized ACT conditions of 1 kV/mm at 50 Hz over 20 cycles, the dielectric permittivity (ɛ33T/ɛ0) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) at room temperature of the DCP-ACT crystal were improved to be 7120 and 2610 pC/N, which were 48% and 54% higher than that of the DCP crystal (ɛ33T/ɛ0 = 4800, d33 = 1700 pC/N). Based on the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of the DCP-ACT crystal, the induced monoclinic phases (MA and MC) were involved in the phase transition process from a rhombohedral phase to a tetragonal phase. The phase transition temperatures TR-MA of 116 °C of the DCP-ACT crystal showed about 10 °C higher than that of DCP. Meanwhile, ɛ33T/ɛ0 of the DCP-ACT crystal at TR-MA and in the tetragonal phase region, at around 110 °C and 130 °C, were 160% and 390% higher than those of the DCP crystal, respectively. The ultrahigh ɛ33T/ɛ0 = 17 000 of the DCP-ACT crystal at 130 °C may relate to the nanoscale heterogeneous polar-regions induced by ACT. The ACT is a promising way to enhance the dielectric and piezoelectric performance of the pre-DCP 0.25PIN-0.43PMN-0.32PT single crystals with broadened temperature range for device applications.
High sensitivity pump–probe measurements of magnetic, thermal, and acoustic phenomena with a spectrally tunable oscillator
Authors: Gomez Michael J. , Liu Kexin , Lee Jonathan G. , Wilson Richard B.
Published: February 2020

We describe an optical pump/probe system for sensitive measurements of time-resolved optical measurements of material dynamics. The instrument design is optimized for time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) measurements of dynamics in magnetic materials. The system also allows for time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements of thermal transport properties and picosecond acoustic measurements of film thickness and/or elastic constants. The system has several advantages over the conventional designs for TR-MOKE and/or TDTR systems. Measurements of pump-induced changes to the probe beam intensity are shot-noise limited. The system’s design allows for MOKE and/or thermoreflectance measurements of both sides of a sample. Pumping and probing the sample on opposite sides allows nanoscale flash diffusivity measurements of transport properties. The wavelengths of the pump and probe beams are straightforward to tune between 350–525 nm and 690–1050 nm. A tunable wavelength allows for optical resonances in a wide array of materials to be excited and/or probed. Finally, the setup is calibrated to allow for the real and imaginary components of Kerr signals to be separately quantified.
A comparison of SNS internal and external antenna source performance with and without cesium
Authors: Sarmento Tiago , Stockli Martin , Welton Rob , Han Baoxi , Murray Syd , Pennisi Terry , Stinson Chris , Tarvainen Olli , Lawrie Scott , Faircloth Dan
Published: February 2020

Experiments comparing an internal and an external antenna H− source at the Spallation Neutron Source with and without cesium revealed key performance differences which provide insight to the source physics and will guide the development of an RF H− source at the ISIS Neutron Source. RF power sweeps were taken for each of these cases, for which the total charge, electron to H− ratio, and H− extracted per kW are all studied and plotted. At around 40 kW and typical hydrogen flow and cooling parameters, cesiated sources output 35 mA square beam pulses where uncesiated sources output 15 mA. At these settings, the beam pulse for the internal source initially overshoots, while it is flat for the external source. This observation is discussed with the difference in coupling between the antenna, the plasma, and the outlet. Sweeps of pulsed RF repetition rate and the collar temperature only affected cesiated sources, which is attributed to surface processes affecting the H− production only in the presence of cesium. Possible future experiments using a fast optical measurement and modifications to the gas flow into the external source’s plasma gun and by removal of the collar assembly in uncesiated operation are discussed.
Control of Marangoni-driven patterning by an optimized distribution of surface energy
Authors: Stanley Steven K. , Ellison Christopher J. , Bonnecaze Roger T.
Published: February 2020

We computationally demonstrate a method to control Marangoni-driven flows and create patterns with sharp features on polymer films by optimizing the spatial variation of surface energy or tension. This Marangoni-driven patterning (MDP) uses the variations in surface tension to drive fluid flow. By selectively exposing a thin polymer film to UV light, a photochemical reaction takes place, which subsequently alters the surface tension of the polymer film in the exposed regions. On heating above its glass transition temperature, the polymer flows from regions of lower to higher surface tension to form hill-and-valley features. A barrier to advancing the application of MDP is that the flow will often dull sharp features and degrade the fidelity of the desired pattern. To compensate a pixel-based optimization of the surface energy or equivalently, the photoexposure pattern is developed. A genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimum photoexposure pattern based on simulations of the flow, which includes Marangoni and capillary forces and diffusion of the surface tension promoter. The optimization of the photoexposure pattern significantly improves the fidelity of the desired final pattern for a wide range of annealing temperatures and times. Guidelines for successful MDP are identified based on ratios of characteristic times for the Marangoni and capillary flows and lateral diffusion.
Nonequilibrium dynamics of photoinduced forward and backward electron transfer reactions
Authors: Lu Yangyi , Zhong Dongping
Published: February 2020

The biological functions of photoenzymes are often triggered by photoinduced electron transfer (ET) reactions. An ultrafast backward ET (BET) reaction follows the initial photoinduced forward ET (FET), which dissipates the energy of absorbed photons and terminates the biological function in vain. Based upon our previous works, we reasoned that the dynamics of the BET is coupled with that of the FET and other local motions. In this work, the dynamics of the FET and BET is modeled as the master equation of the reduced density operator of a three-state system coupled with a classical harmonic reservoir. The coupling of the FET and BET is reflected in the time-evolution of the charge-transfer state’s population, which is generated by a source, the reaction flux for the FET, and annihilated by a sink, the reaction flux for the BET. Surprisingly, numerical simulations show that when the BET is in the Marcus normal region, the BET can be accelerated by nonequilibrium local motions and becomes faster than what is predicted by the Marcus theory. The experimental confirmation of this novel dynamics would provide qualitative evidence for nonequilibrium effects on ultrafast ET dynamics. Additionally, the effects of quantum vibrational modes on the dynamics are discussed. This work can help understand the dynamical interactions between the chain of ultrafast reactions and the complex local environmental motions, revealing the physical nature underlying biological functions.
An ab initio study on the effects of Na passivation on friction reduction of an iron oxide surface
Authors: Tran Nam V. , Tieu Anh K. , Zhu Hongtao , Ta Huong T. T. , Le Ha M. , Ta Thi D.
Published: February 2020

The presence of sodium-rich layers on iron oxide surfaces plays an important role in the functionality of glassy lubricants used in harsh working conditions of metal formation. However, the underlying low-friction mechanism of the sodium layer on iron oxide surfaces at the atomic level is not well understood. In this work, Na adsorption on the most stable surface of Fe2O3 (0001) is studied by density functional theory. The most stable adsorption configuration and the modifications induced by the adsorption on the structural as well as the electronic properties of the surface are discussed. By constructing the potential energy surface, we can quantitatively compare the sliding behaviors of two sodium passivated oxide layers with that of clean surfaces. The determination of energy corrugations, sliding paths, static lateral forces, and shear strengths has suggested a significantly lower friction in the Na-passivated system compared to that of the clean surface. The effects of a load on the friction are also investigated. The results indicate that sodium passivation in glass lubricants can help to prevent the direct contact of two oxide surfaces and thereby maintain a low friction and hence wear reduction at high pressures.
Hierarchical equations of motion method based on Fano spectrum decomposition for low temperature environments
Authors: Zhang Hou-Dao , Cui Lei , Gong Hong , Xu Rui-Xue , Zheng Xiao , Yan YiJing
Published: February 2020

The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) method has become one of the most popular methods for the studies of the open quantum system. However, its applicability to systems at ultra-low temperatures is largely restrained by the enormous computational cost, which is caused by the numerous exponential functions required to accurately characterize the non-Markovian memory of the reservoir environment. To overcome this problem, a Fano spectrum decomposition (FSD) scheme has been proposed recently [Cui et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 024110 (2019)], which expands the reservoir correlation functions using polynomial-exponential functions and hence greatly reduces the size of the memory basis set. In this work, we explicitly establish the FSD-based HEOM formalisms for both bosonic and fermionic environments. The accuracy and efficiency of the FSD-based HEOM are exemplified by the calculated low-temperature dissipative dynamics of a spin-boson model and the dynamic and static properties of a single-orbital Anderson impurity model in the Kondo regime. The encouraging numerical results highlight the practicality and usefulness of the FSD-based HEOM method for general open systems at ultra-low temperatures.