bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hadīth as Common Discourse
Authors: Klasova Pamela
Published: June 2021

The ḥadīth about the creation of the Intellect has enjoyed a high status in the Shīʿī tradition and opens one of the four books of the Shīʿī ḥadīth canon, al-Kulaynī’s (d. 329/940) al-Kāfī. It appears also in many Sunnī works and has traveled among other Muslim groups, changing its meaning and form over time and generating several commentaries. Ḥadīths are usually studied in a jurisprudential context, as forming the basis for legal positions; in this article, I study the ḥadīth not as a legal text with a fixed meaning but as a literary text with a meaning that is changeable. First, I revisit previous scholarly views on the provenance of the ḥadīth. I argue that it first circulated in Basran society in the late second/eighth century as a popularized version of the Muʿtazilī tenet ofobligation (taklīf) before being written down as a ḥadīth. I then follow its later journey among different groups in the medieval period as it changed forms and meanings and in the early modern period as it became the subject of commentaries by the Shīʿī philosopher Mullā Ṣadrā (d. 1050/1640) and by the Sunnī scholar Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī (d. 1205/1791). The translation of the two commentaries can be found in the Appendix. The ḥadīth’s intersectarian dissemination and fluid nature make it an excellent case study for exploring the literary side of the ḥadīth genre, which served as common discourse for different Islamic sects and intellectual and social groups over the centuries.
Being Persian in Late Mamluk Egypt
Authors: Mauder Christian
Published: June 2021

People identified as Persians constituted one of the most prominent groups of nonlocal inhabitants in Mamluk Egypt, and earlier scholarship has paid considerable attention to Egyptian-Persian relations. Nevertheless, the determining factors that made someone Persian in Mamluk Egyptian contexts remain poorly understood. Accounts of the majālis, or learned salons, convened by the penultimate Mamluk Sultan Qāniṣawh al-Ghawrī (r. 906–922/1501–1516) offer a unique opportunity to examine which factors, agents, and motivations were decisive in the construction of what it meant to be Persian during the late Mamluk period. An examination of these sources demonstrates that language, cultural capital, and region of origin were the most importantelements in the process of Persian identity construction at al-Ghawrī’s court.

The key actors in this process were persons who identified themselves as Persians and sought to make strategic use of the benefits their identity could entail within the patronage context of al-Ghawrī’s court. In contrast to what is known about other ethnic identities within the Mamluk Sultanate, neither persons who identified as Persians nor their local interlocutors considered ancestry a defining factor of being Persian.
Comparison of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results of Bacteroides fragilis Group Isolates Determined by Agar Dilution and the Tentative EUCAST Disk Diffusion Method
Authors: Eminoğlu Semra , Tekeş Bermal , Sayın Elvan , Ülger Toprak Nurver
Published: June 2021

Objective: In this study it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) bacteria using recently developed European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) disc diffusion method and agar dilution method recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standart Institude (CLSI) for anaerobes and to investigate the agreement of the results of two tests. Method: The antimicrobial susceptibilities of a total of 56 BFG strains isolated from clinical samples and identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis between January 2017 and December 2018, were tested to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, tigecycline, moxifloxacin and metronidazole MICs were determined by agar dilution method using sheep blood supplemented Brucella agar and disk diffusion test using host blood supplemented Fastidius Anaerobic Agar (FAA). Results: Six different BFG species consisting mostly strains of Bacteroides fragilis (n=34, 61%) and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (n=11, 20%) isolated from various clinical samples such as intraabdominal abscess (n= 24), blood (n=10) and tissue biopsy samples (n=11).were identified. Imipenem and metronidazole were the most effective antimicrobials with 98.2% susceptibility rates, followed by tigecycline, ampicillin/sulbactam, moxifloxacin and clindamycin with susceptibility rates of 89.3%, 66.1%, 57.1% and 46.4%, respectively. Most concordant results were obtained with metronidazole (100%), imipenem (89.8%) and tigecycline (89.8%). Acceptable compliance rates were not found for other antimicrobials. Conclusion: We can say that disc diffusion method is a fast, easy-to-apply, and reliable method used in clinical microbiology laboratories to determine the susceptibility of BFG bacteria to metronidazole, imipenem and tigecycline. However, to evolve a standard method especially for other antimicrobials, the experimental conditions should be optimized with studies dome with greater number of isolates.
Mental Health in Times of COVID-19: An Exploration of the Representation of Mental Health in Pandemic Literary and Cinematic Narratives
Authors: Agarwala Aakriti , Saluja Manisha
Published: June 2021

Pandemics though concern the medical health of a certain community or communities, also
have a significant impact on the mental health of the members of that community. Each section
of society is affected, albeit differently, in a pandemic. Art and literature engage with and
represent society and all its mores. In a pandemic as well, these modes of representation assume
a special responsibility and role. This paper seeks to analyse the representation of the mental
health of individuals and society through literary and artistic mediums. In the case of artistic
mediums, cinematic portrayals will be the centre of study. These representations, in turn, affect
one’s mental state and understanding of a situation. The paper will thus, study and evaluate
certain literary and cinematic texts, their representation of mental health, and their applicability
to the COVID-19 pandemic using established theories as supporting material to substantiate the
claims made in the study of the aforementioned works.
Offset Approximation of Rational Trigonometric Bezier ´ Curves
Authors: Bashir Uzma , Rasheed Aqsa
Published: June 2021

Offset curves are one of the crucial curves, but the presence
of square root function in the representation is main hindrance towards
their applications in CAD/CAM. The presented technique is based on offset approximation using rational trigonometric Bezier curves. The idea is ´
to construct a new control polygon parallel to original one. The two end
points of the offset control polygon have been taken as exact offset end
points, while the middle control points and weights have been computed
using definition of parallel curves. As a result, offsets of rational and nonrational trigonometric Bezier curves have been approximated by rational ´
cubic trigonometric Bezier curve. An error between exact and approxi- ´
mated offset curves have also been computed to show the efficacy of the
method.
Economic Impact of Research Results on Local Social and Economic Development
Authors: Quang Vo Hai , Binh Nguyen Dinh , Xuyen Nguyen Huu
Published: June 2021

Science and technology (S&T) is the driving force of economic growth, this has been recognized by many countries around the world. In Vietnam, the results of S&T research at the local level (provincial level) have important implications for social, economic development. Promote application of S&T research results interested by the Party and the State, which are confirmed in many resolutions and legal documents of Vietnam. By the research method combining quantitative and qualitative, with the use of primary and secondary data, the paper clarifies the economic impact of S&T research results from S&T tasks (case study in Nghe An province of Vietnam), were accomplished from 2005 to 2015 and their impact from 2016 to 2020 on social, economic development of Nghe An province. From there, recommending solutions and policies to promote social, economic development of Nghe An province based on S&T development.

Keywords: Economic impact, Nghe An S&T.
Assessment of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) at Grass Root Level in an Urban Area, Raigad District, Maharashtra
Authors: Wilson Priyanka Mary , Sanjeev Sunila
Published: June 2021

Background: ICDS is an integrated program intended for Maternal and Child Care which adopts a holistic, lifecycle approach. Its main focus is on health, nutrition and education. Urban ICDS caters to the vulnerable urban slum population. Despite the program running for four decades its impact on its beneficiaries is still slow. The Anganwadi worker and helper are the grass-root functionaries running this program through Anganwadi centre. Hence this study was conducted to assess the functioning of the Anganwadi centre.
Methodology: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted at all 15 urban-ICDS Anganwadi Centres of Khopoli during September-November 2019. The Anganwadi workers and helpers were interviewed regarding their sociodemographic details, knowledge and challenges perceived to run the centre. Observational Checklist designed based on guidelines and standard proforma for monitoring of the ICDS projects was used to assess infrastructure, equipment and registers.
Results: Out of 14, 11(78.57%) Anganwadi workers had more than a decade experience. Indoor space of 600 sq.ft was available in 7(46.67%) centres. Toilets with running water were available in 9(60%) Anganwadi Centres and 6(40%) were linked to the school. Functional Salter’s weighing scale was available in 11(73.33%) Anganwadi centres. All 12 registers were available in 9(60%) Anganwadi centres. The utilization of services by pregnant women was the highest. Partially immunized children were present in 2(13.33%) Anganwadi centres. The service gap was highest (100%) with health check-up.
Conclusions: There is a gap in the availability of infrastructure and utilization of some services.

Keywords: urban ICDS, Maharashtra, Service gap.
The Impact of Financial Preparation and Disaster Experience on Households’ Disaster Risk Perception: Empirical Evidence from Quang Binh Province, Vietnam
Authors: T. Le Tam , T.H. Thai Trang , P. Do Thao
Published: June 2021

This paper is aimed at analysing the impacts of financial preparation and disaster experience on households’ disaster risk perception, including perceptions of likelihood and severity in Quang Binh Province of Vietnam, one of the areas strongly affected by natural disasters and climate change. With the data from direct surveying 308 households in Quang Binh province, the research methodology includes Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and OLS regression models. The key findings are: First, disaster experience has positive impact on natural disaster risk perception. Second, financial preparation has negative impact on natural disaster risk perception. Third, the risk of natural disasters in Quang Binh Province are increasing and unpredictable due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. This fact requires the Government, provincial commitees, and stakeholders to go beyond traditional coping methods, implement more customized policies and specific actions to try to reduce the risks of natural disasters.

Keywords: disaster risk, disaster risk perception, financial preparation, disaster experience.
An Overview on Medicinal Perspective and Biological Behavior of Benzotriazole; Synthetic Study on Its Multifaceted Biological Activities
Authors: Anjana V. S. , Kumar P. Manoj
Published: June 2021

Benzotriazole (BTA) is a nitrogen containing heterocyclic derivative containing three nitrogen atoms at 1st, 2nd and 3rd positions with chemical formula C6H5N3. Benzotriazole and its derivatives have great significance in medicinal chemistry and these derivatives were used by several chemists for therapeutic conditions because it possessing a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including anti bacterial, anti fungal, anti viral, anti inflammatory, anti hyperglycemic, anti hypertensive, anti cancer and analgesic activity. In this review, different synthetic methods for the preparation of benzotriazole, importance of benzotriazole derivatives in biomedical research, highlighting its biological behavior, versatile activities and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies are described. This review will help the researchers to understand the structure activity relationships and improvise the concepts in their research field.

Keywords: Benzotriazole, Anti microbial, Anthelmintic, Analgesic, Anti mycobacterial, Anti viral, Anti oxidative, Anti tumor, Anti inflammatory, Anti hyperglycemia, Anti fungal, Anticonvulsant activity.
A Review on Antenatal Care in Developing Country Like India
Authors: Ephrem Irin , Jha Ateendra , Shabaraya A. R
Published: June 2021

Antenatal care is the ‘care before birth’ to promote the well-being of mother and fetus, and it is essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, low-weight births and perinatal mortality. The care for the mother during pregnancy, during delivery, and after delivery is important for the wellbeing of the mother and the child. Maternal health-care vary within developing countries, which shows differences between affluent and poor women, and between women living in urban and rural areas. Health care service provision in India is very diverse, with rural services achieving considerably less coverage than their urban counterparts. It was found that following factors affects the antenatal care utilization maternal education, husband’s education, marital status, availability, cost, household income, women’s employment, media exposure and having a history of obstetric complications. If a woman visited health centre three or more than three times, her chances were 31 percent higher to deliver in an institution. Poorer women may prefer home-based delivery care. Lack of affordability might explain the large poor–rich inequalities in professional delivery attendance within urban and rural areas. Traditional beliefs and ideas about pregnancy also influence on antenatal care use. Older women would have accumulated knowledge on maternal health care and therefore would likely have more self-confidence on pregnancy and childbirth and thus, may give less importance to obtaining institutional care. Incomplete access and underutilization of modern healthcare services are major causes for poor health in the developing countries. There is a need of enhancing community awareness about the importance for educating women about early detection of complications during pregnancy and promptly seeking care, and about the importance of giving birth in a health facility.

Keywords: Antenatal Care, Developing Countries.
RESENSI BUKU KELUAR DARI ORTODOKSI KAJIAN ISLAM POLITIK: KOMPARASI MESIR, TURKI, DAN INDONESIA
Authors: Kusuma Bayu mitra
Published: June 2021

Keluar dari Ortodoksi Kajian Islam Politik: Komparasi Mesir, Turki dan Indonesia
DEMISTIFIKASI MEMUDARNYA PERAN NEGARA DALAM NEOLIBERALISME (Perdagangan Bebas dan Konflik Antar Negara dibawah Rezim WTO)
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Chairil
Published: June 2021

World economic order after the ratification of GATT (General Agreement On Tarrifs and Trade) shows some contractions and a number of controversies. The broadening of trade agenda in Uruguay round was a new phase of agreement among the countries. Ministerial meeting 1986 produced a declaration called Punta del Este. This consensus creates the establishment of WTO as the only multilateral institution to mediate any cooperations of global trade. WTO itself palys its role to sustain and make sure that the agenda of trade liberalization runs optimally. Nevertheless, amids the euphoria of trade liberalization discourse, some problems and polemic come up. They appear due to inconsistency of developed countries which implement protectionism policy on their some sectors of trade. Third world group then build a coalition to refuse every form of deception in free trade policy. This condition has caused the emergence of internal friction in the body of WTO In this paper, the author will try to analyze and explain the dynamic of trade liberalization policy among the countries after the establishment of WTO. The main focus are on 2 questions, first, why is there conflict of interest in WTO?, and second, how is the dialectical relation of protectionism with free trade system between developed countries and developing countries?  Subsequently, we will obtain a hypothese that market liberalization is never fully implemented instead. Doctrine of free market and the elimination of trade handicaps are not executed consistently by developed c,ountries. Third world countries even tend to be dictated and suppressed to eliminate all kinds of trade handicaps. This handicap include some regulations like subsidy, tarrief,quota, or taxation. So the consequence is the destruction or domestic market in third world due to their incompetence of capital against MNC and developed countries. Market liberalization under neoliberalism can be stated as a new form of Unilateralism in Economy. Stronger and more advanced countries manage to impose their national interest on many trade agreements. The massive integration of world economy has created disparity and imbalanced competition. World is divided by a world gigantic power of capital which exploit third world. Through the mechanism of capital and trade liberalization, our reality si underpinned by domination and monopoly.  Globalization of economy has become a trap for south countries which keeps maintaining wealth accumulation only to few capitalist and developed countries This writting aims to problematize the inconsistent rules implementation within WTO in term of trade policies among countries. Trade liberalization has been mostly taken for granted which in turn covers up certain form of protectionism on some strategic commodities. It has sparked debates about the role of WTO whether it can truly liberalize trade policies or it has surrendered to the strong and  significant role of government intervention in advanced countries.
Peran Sektor Bisnis Dalam Penandatanganan Voluntary Partnership Agreement On Forest Law Enforcement Governance And Trade (Vpa-Flegt) antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati
Published: June 2021

Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai peran pihak swasta yaitu pengusaha dalam penandatangan perjanjian kerjasama VPA-FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement On Forest Law Enforcement Governance And Trade antara Uni Eropa dan Indonesia. Kerjasama ini merupakan kerjasama ekonomi yang berbasis pada sertifikasi ramah lingkungan yang diterapkan pada produk kayu yang akan masuk dalam pasar Uni Eropa. Untuk itu, kerjasama ini sangat penting bagi Indonesia mengingat bahwa Uni Eropa merupakan salah satu pasar kayu Indonesia. Peran Pengusaha sendiri sangat penting dalam proses kesepakatan ini, karena pengusaha merupakan ujung tombak dari kebijakan yang nantinya diterapkan. Pemerintah melibatkan pengusaha dalam pelaksanaan diplomasinya terhadap Uni Eropa. Pelibatan pengusaha dapat membantu pemerintah Indonesia dalam meyakinkan Uni Eropa bahwa Indonesia telah siap bergabung dalam kerjasama tersebut.
IMPLEMENTASI ASEAN PLAN OF ACTION TO COMBAT TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES (STUDI KASUS HUMAN TRAFFICKING DI THAILAND PADA TAHUN 2006-2010)
Authors: Khoirunnisa Ani
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe concept of human security is related to components that can not be replaced if the components are lost. Aside  that the assessment of human security (especially for human trafficking cases) tends to be subjective so that parameters are difficult to determine universally. Citizens as an object must be protected by every states. But each states has their own interest on profits that will be obtained as foreign exchange. Therefore, this paper will describe the problem of human trafficking in Thailand, which is difficult to deal with by states even though they have joint regulations. It cause by the difference of national interests. Although the community have the principle of non-intervention.Keywords: human security, human trafficking, national interests.
DIPLOMASI DUA BUDAYA: STUDI KASUS PERBANDINGAN STRATEGI DIPLOMASI POP CULTURE KOREA SELATAN DAN JEPANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Fidian , Indrawati Indrawati
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menggambarkan tentang perbandingan strategi diplomasi pop culture yang dilakukan oleh Korea Selatan dan Jepang. Pembahasan difokuskan pada pelaksanaan strategi Korean Wave dan Cool Japan dalam menyebarkann industri hiburannya ke berbagai negara di dunia termasuk di Indonesia, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, walaupun pada awalnya hanya untuk menaikkan citra positif negara di mata dunia.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam proses penyusunan skripsi ini adalah metode deskriptif komparatif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berdasarkan data primer dalam bentuk situs resmi pemerintah maupun surat kabar nasional dan internasional yang mengungkapkan hasil wawancara, dan data sekunder dalam bentuk telaah pustaka (library research), yaitu dengan mengumpulkan seluruh data dari berbagai literatur yang telah diperoleh dari beberapa tempat penelitian, seperti buku, majalah, surat kabar harian, artikel ilmiah, situs internet, jurnal, dokumen, perjanjian dan makalah ilmiah, yang berkaitan langsung mengenai permasalahan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Korean Wave dan Cool Japan mengekspansi industri hiburan yang mengandung nilai-nilai kebudayaan Korea dan Jepang dengan bantuan aktor-aktor dari negaranya, seperti pemerintah, swasta atau pebisnis, dan media. Aktor-aktor tersebut memiliki berbagai strategi yang membawa pengaruh terhadap perkembangan industri hiburan kedua negara. Kata kunci : Korean wave, cool Japan, diplomasi budayaABSTRACTThis research describes about the comparison of Pop Culture Diplomacy Strategy which conduct by South Korea and Japan. This Explanation focused on The Strategy Implementation of Korean Wave and Cool Japan at spreading the Entertainment to country all around the world including Indonesia. This phenomenon had a goal to expand the economic rate even though for the first, it just for the positive imaging in the world. The Research Methodology had used is comparative descriptive. The Data collection based on the primary data in government official site, national and international newspaper which have a data related to interview. The seconder data is library research by gathering whole data from several literature which got by some research spot. They’re such as book, magazine, newspaper, science article, internet site, journal, document, the agreement, and Science Paper which have a correlation to the subject research. The result of this research shows the Korean Wave and Cool Japan had expanded the entertainment industry which have the culture value of Korea and Japan through the figure of actor from their own country. They’re such as Government, entrepreneur and even the businessman and also media. Those actors have several strategy which take the influence of the entertainment on those countries.
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS KEAMANAN DI TIMUR TENGAH (Studi Kasus Nuklir Iran)
Authors: Anggraini Melaty
Published: June 2021

AbstrakPengayaan nuklir Iran menimbulkan sikap ancaman bagi Negara lainnya termasuk Amerika Serikat sebagai Negara super power, berakhirnya kerjasama antara AS dan Iran dalam pengembangan nuklir Iran dikarenakan revolusi Islam dan berganti periode kepemimpinan menimbulkan sikap defensive bagi Amerika Serikat apalagi dengan munculnya serangan terorisme 11 september, semakin meyakinkan AS untuk mengubah arah kebijakan politik luar negerinya berfokus ke wilayah Asia Timur. Menggunakan metode dan konsep hegemonic strategic dan power defense, penulis mencoba menganalisa kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat di Timur Tengah khususnya pada kasus nuklir Iran, untuk menganalisa strategi kebijakan AS dalam menghadapi nuklir Iran Kata Kunci: Nuklir Iran, Amerika Serikat, Konsep Power Defense. ABSTRACT Iran Nuclear enrichment poses a threat to other countries including the United States as a Super Power Country, the end of cooperation Iran-US  Nuclear caused Islam revolution and position change of leadership period led to a defensive act from The United States, specifically emergency issue of 9/11 September. That’s made the US for changing Foreign Policy more focus in the Middle East. Using the hegemonic strategic method and concept power defense, the writer try to analyze US foreign Policy in the Middle East. Especially in Iran Nuclear, for evaluate what is strategic foreign policy US  for facing Iran Nuclear.Keywords: Iran Nuclear, US, Power Defense Concept.
Implementasi Corporation Social Responsibility PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk Melalui Agenda Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP)
Authors: Windhia Elok Rizki
Published: June 2021

MNCs or foreign companies in a country must have programs that are expected to be able to get their companies involved in the improvement and progress in society, one of which is Unilever companies in Indonesia. So the purpose of this research is to find out about the forms of social responsibility undertaken by Unilever through its USLP program in Indonesia. In this study we use the concept of CSR in researching about Unilever programs. Unilever has an empowerment program called USLP or Unilever Sustainable Living Plan, in several other countries having different kinds of USLP implementation. Unilever's USLP program in Indonesia by forming the Unilever Indonesia Foundation which has various activities carried out together with the community, especially in environmental empowerment, improving health quality, as well as providing empowerment to the entire community.Keyword : Unilever, CSR,  Programs, USLP
UPAYA PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN DESTINASI PARIWISATA INTERNASIONAL DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI TAHUN 2013-2019
Authors: Wulandari Fitria Fenty , Indrawati Indrawati
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIndonesia has enormous tourism potential so that it provides its own benefits for the country to achieve its national interests. For this reason, the Indonesian government continues to encourage the development of the tourism sector in various regions, one of which is Banyuwangi Regency. The discussion in this research is focused on the diplomatic efforts made by the Government of Indonesia and the Government of Banyuwangi Regency to introduce tourism in the international arena. In writing this paper, researchers used the concepts of National Interest, Public Diplomacy, and Paradiplomacy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with literature study data collection techniques that examine a number of books, official documents, scientific articles, journals, and electronic media. Based on the research results that the researchers obtained, public diplomacy carried out by the Government of Indonesia and the Government of Banyuwangi Regency is running well by promoting Banyuwangi tourism through “Wonderful Indonesia”, the use of sports tourism, and the use of ecotourism and community-based tourism. The achievements obtained from public diplomacy have also had a positive impact on increasing the number of foreign tourist visits as well as improving the economy for Indonesia, especially Banyuwangi Regency. Keywords: Indonesia, Banyuwangi Regency, National Interest, Public Diplomacy, Paradiplomacy.ABSTRAK            Indonesia memiliki potensi pariwisata yang sangat besar sehingga memberikan keuntungan tersendiri bagi negara guna mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya. Untuk itu Pemerintah Indonesia terus mendorong pengembangan sektor pariwisata di berbagai daerah, salah satunya Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Pembahasan pada penelitian ini difokuskan terhadap upaya diplomasi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Banyuwangi untuk memperkenalkan pariwisatanya di kancah internasional. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, peneliti menggunakan konsep Kepentingan Nasional, Diplomasi Publik, serta Paradiplomasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data studi pustaka yang menelaah sejumlah buku, dokumen resmi, artikel ilmiah, jurnal, serta media elektronik. Bedasarkan hasil penelitian yang peneliti dapatkan, diplomasi publik yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Banyuwangi berjalan baik dengan melakukan upaya promosi pariwisata Banyuwangi melalui “Wonderful Indonesia”, penggunaan wisata olahraga, serta penggunaan ekoturisme dan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat. Capaian yang diperoleh dari diplomasi publik juga memberikan dampak positif bagi peningkatan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara serta peningkatan ekonomi terhadap Indonesia, khususnya Kabupaten Banyuwangi.Kata Kunci : Indonesia, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Kepentingan Nasional, Diplomasi Publik, Paradiplomasi.
Analisis Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Pekerjaan Struktur Di Proyek Renovasi Gedung Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan (LPMP) Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Pasarong Marlina , Mara Junus , Sopacua Helen Adry Irene
Published: June 2021

The appIication off occupationaI heaIth and sahfety (K3) is never dry in the context of the scientific ocean. Either in an academic research or in a practical study. K3 issues are constantly raised in the discussion of academic papers, be it journals or final assignments. Of course, the "intersection" with the "knife" which is called "research". On this occasion, the focus of the researcher was the construction project work in the renovation of the South Sulawesi Education Quality Assurance Institute (LPMP) building using quantitative descriptive methods. Namely describing the application of K3 and analyzing the constrain ts in implementing K3 in the project. Statistical methods are used to determine the percentage of respondents' answers or calculated by formulas. The resuIts off research that hass been carriedt out in the building renovation project off the Education Quality Assurance Institute (LPMP) of South Sulawesi regarding the implementation of Occupational Safety & Health (K3) are carried out quite well. The obstacle to the implementation of Occupational Safety & Health is the lack of awareness and knowledge of workers about Occupational Safety and Health (K3). In addition, the company is also less consistent in implementing Occupational Health and Safety.
Pemanfaatan Batu Sungai Masuppu Kecamatan Masanda Dalam Campuran AC-WC
Authors: Febrianto  , Alpius  , Bestari Sufiati
Published: June 2021

Highway is part of the Science of Civil Engineering and always develops over time. In increasing the provision of land transportation, roads are important infrastructure that must be considered in development. The availability of adequate road infrastructure will have a positive impact on the development of community activities from the economic, political, social, cultural, defense and security aspects of the country.This research was intended to utilize Masuppu River Stones in Masanda Subdistrict as a mixture of AC-WC. The methodoIogy in this research is to conduct a series of tests for the characteristics of coarse, fine, and fiIIer aggregates, then design the composition of the Laston AC-WC mixture and the Marshall test to obtain the characteristics of the mixture and the MarshaII immersion test to obtain the immersion index (IP) / residuaI strength index (IKS) / durabiIity of the mixture with optimum asphaIt content. The results of research carried out at the Laboratory of Engineering and AspaI Functions of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Christian University of Indonesia, PauIus Makassar, show that the characteristics of the pavement material in the form of Masuppu River rock, Masanda District, meet the specifications as a road pavement coating material.
Studi Karakteristik Campuran AC-Base Menggunakan Batu Gunung Pura Lau Kecamatan Tikala
Authors: Senolinggi Dede Novit , Alpius  , Kamba Charles
Published: June 2021

This study is to get character each of Laston base mixture using the Mount Pura Lau stone, Tikala District. The methodology in this study is to test each character of the sample to be tested for its, whether it is coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, and asphalt. After testing each character, we will design the composition of the mixture for the manufacture of rough Laston Base (AC-BASE) specimens and obtain several variants of asphalt content, namely 4.5%, 5%, 5.55%, 6%, and 6.5%. After getting the composition, the test object will be made immediately. After the object has been made, it is time to test with Marshall test tool to obtain the residual Marshall Immersion / Stability Index (SMS) or the durability of the mixture using the optimum bitumen content. The results of the optimum asphalt content were 5.5%, MQ 906.88 Kg / mm and immersion index (IP) 96.06% which showed that met the requirements, namely 90% and meets the specifications of Bina Marga. So that it can be used as a recommendation to the regional government and local residents.
Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Penambahan Serabut Kelapa Terhadap Kohesi dan Sudut Geser Tanah Lempung
Authors: Sangle Pebrinar
Published: June 2021

This research is intended to study the shear strength of clay soil before and after adding coconut fibers. Shear strength is one of the factors that are taken into account to find the bearing capacity of the soil. Soil stability is a way to improve or change the nature of an unfavorable subgrade condition to be better in terms of the bearing capacity of the subgrade for the construction to be built on its Strength parameter testing shear using direct shear test equipment with total stress conditions. This research used coconut fiber variations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of the dry weight of the soil. The results of the direct shear test showed an increase in the value of soil cohesion (c) and shear angle (φ). This shows that the addition of coconut fibers to clay soil can increase the value of shear strength.
Alternatif Perencanaan Perkerasan Jalan Ruas Maros – Ujung Lamuru dengan Metode Bina Marga 2013
Authors: Bumbungan Monalisa
Published: June 2021

This study aims to obtain the thickness of the flexible pavement (Flexible Pavement) from the Bina Marga 2013 method. The Bina Marga 2013 method is a method designed by the Directorate General of Highways, Ministry of Public Works. The change in the Bina Marga method to the Bina Marga 2013 method is intended to make the road pavement plan last longer. The Maros-Ujung Lamuru road section previously had a pavement layer where the old planning used the Component Analysis method and the author planned using the 2013 Bina Marga method.From the results of calculating the pavement thickness planning for the Maros - Ujung Lamuru section, segment 9 needs an increase in LPB 150 mm or 15 cm thick because the CBR value of the ground is low. Pavement thickness using the Bina Marga 2013 method is more economical and has a longer plan life than the Component Analysis method.
Antioxidant Activity of the Extracts Derived from Terminalia catappa
Authors: Siddiqi Rahmanullah , Sayeed Syed Asad , Naz Shahina , Saeed Syed Muhammad Ghufran
Published: June 2021

The extracts derived from Terminalia catappa leaves and fruit following antioxidant activity directed isolation, were screened for their antioxidant activity through their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals. Only fractions which exhibited >50% DPPH scavenging effect at each step of isolation were selected for further purification and judge their ability to reduce peroxide formation (peroxide value) in heated corn oil. The results indicated that crude ethanolic extract, aqueous fraction of crude extract and its sub fractions (petroleum ether and ethylacetate) possessed prominent antioxidant activity. In addition, phytochemical analysis showed that the five fractions obtained finally contain simple phenols, anthocyanins, phenyl propanoids and flavanols.
Laboratory Evaluation of Toxic and Repellent Properties of Dracaena arborea Against Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Udo Ime Okon
Published: June 2021

Laboratory evaluation of ethanolic extract of Dracaena arborea leaves partitioned between equal volumes of chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and n-butanol to obtain various fractions was carried out to assess contact toxicity on filter paper and by topical application, toxicity of extracts applied on grains and repellent action against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.) and Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius on stored grains. Insects were exposed to both treated and untreated surfaces and mortality was scored at different times after treatment. Results obtained from the study showed the extract fractions causing significant mortality of both insects exposed to treatments. A contact toxicity of over 80% was recorded against zeamais from ethyl acetate fraction. Similarly, 100% mortality was recorded against C. maculatus from ethyl acetate fraction after 96 h of treatment. Results obtained from grain treatment produced a significant mortality of over 60% against C. maculatus from n-hexane fraction while the aqueous fraction significantly killed S. zeamais by over 15% compared with the control treatment. A strong repellent action was evoked against S. zeamais while moderate action was recorded against C. maculatus. An overall repellency of 40% and 24% was recorded from various extract fractions against S. zeamais and C. maculatus, respectively. The results obtained suggest a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides and the incorporation of arborea into storage pest management system is advised.
Changes in online gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic: April update
Authors: Brown Rick , Hickman Amelia
Published: June 2021

This paper examines changes in online gambling behaviour in April 2020 and compares the results with those of March 2020. This comparison was based on identical surveys undertaken a month apart which asked about online gambling participation. The prevalence of online gambling declined from 24 percent in March to 20 percent in April. Among those participating in online gambling, the proportion who reported betting less on at least one form of online gambling decreased between March (60%) and April (46%). While the prevalence of online gambling declined, the amount spent increased between March and April. While 20 percent reported spending more in March than at the start of the year, this increased to 33 percent in April. Factors associated with increased spending in April included being male, being aged under 40 years and living as a couple with children. Notably, the latter was not a predictor of increased spending in March.
Privatisation and Employees’ Job Security: Lessons From Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun Mehadi
Published: June 2021

This study looks at the human face of privatisation and examines employees’ job security in privatised state-owned enterprises in Bangladesh. The study uses semi-structured face-to-face interviews and document analysis of relevant secondary source materials. The study finds that permanent employees at the state-owned organisations feel secure in their jobs. By contrast, an average of 67% of permanent employees at the privatised state-owned organisations feel insecure about their jobs. The findings have important implications for the privatisation programmes and suggests that there is a need to place greater emphasis on a more context sensitive approach to privatisation programmes in Bangladesh.
Diagnosis and Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors:   Poole General Hospital Foundation Trust Longfleet Road Poole, Mainwaring CJ , Bhandari S ,   Poole General Hospital Foundation Trust Longfleet Road Poole
Published: June 2021

Awareness of deep venous thrombosis has increased considerably in the last decade including recognition of the importance of thromboprophylaxis for acutely ill hospital inpatients as preventative therapy. Combinations of a pre-test probability score plus a D-Dimer analysis can identify those patients where the chances of DVT are very low and radiological investigation can be obviated. The gold standard for diagnosis is still either ascending venography or venous Doppler ultrasound. Low molecular weight heparin has taken over from unfractionated calcium heparin as the initial treatment of choice. There are many challenges in management, especially deciding the optimum duration of anticoagulant treatment in order to balance the risks of drug induced bleeding against recurrent venous thromboembolic events.
Current Approaches to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors:   West Suffolk Hospitals NHS Trust. Bury St Edmunds, Rudra Pallab , Fletcher Simon J ,   Norfolk & Norwich University NHS Foundation Trust
Published: June 2021

Cardiac arrest occurs when there is abrupt cessation of effective pumping activity of the heart. Among the likely causes are ventricular asystole (electrical or mechanical), pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Clinically this may present as ‘sudden cardiac death’.
Editorial
Authors:   Acute Medicine, University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton, Roseveare Chris
Published: June 2021

The nature of Acute Medicine requires physicians to make ‘high stakes’ decisions on a regular basis. The constant pressure to create space within a busy Acute Medical Unit needs to be weighed up against the dangers of missing serious pathology due to a premature discharge. A visit to the Coroner’s court or the fear of litigation may make us more cautious, but even the most cautious physician will ‘get it wrong’ on occasions. Case reports submitted to this journal frequently highlight these dangers; rare or serious pathology masquerading as a common or benign illness, followed by an unexpected deterioration, is a regular theme. Early Warning Scores have helped to improve safety for those patients who remain in hospital – Katherine Rowe’s article on p8 discusses the value of Critical Care Outreach in supporting this process. However neither of these innovations is of use for those patients discharged home. The ability to provide early AMU-based follow-up clinics is an important element in reducing risk for this group. The case report on p24 from the team at Hutt Valley Hospital in New Zealand illustrates the value of early reassessment following discharge. In this case the diagnosis of lead poisoning was not considered as a cause for the patient’s myalgia at the time of admission – an understandable ‘miss’, given the apparent chest x-ray abnormality. However, early outpatient CT with follow-up enabled revisitation of the history and the correct diagnosis was made – with a favourable outcome. As finances become stretched over the coming months there will be pressure to reduce hospital follow-up visits. However any drive from Primary Care Trusts to reduce AMU follow-up clinics as a cost-saving measure needs to be resisted if we are to optimise the safety and efficiency of our service. On a different note, I am grateful to those of you who completed the on-line journal survey which was circulated to Society for Acute Medicine members earlier this year. I will aim to include a summary of the results in the next edition. The free-text sections have generated a number of interesting ideas, which we will try to incorporate into future editions on the journal. Many respondents indicated that they would like to see inclusion of more original research; however we remain dependent on submissions we receive, which explains the predominance of case reports in this, and previous, editions. The content of the journal can only be as good as the material we receive, so please keep the submissions coming, particularly AMU-based research projects and completed audits. I am also keen to expand the pool of expert referees for future articles. If any readers would like to contribute to this process, I would be grateful if you could contact me directly at the email address shown on this page, indicating your particular area of interest or expertise.
Tension pneumocephalus with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea in a post craniotomy patient
Authors:   Department of Critical Care, Gloucester Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, Smallwood Nicholas H , Shiva Sreenivasan ,   Acute Care Unit, Gloucester Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester
Published: June 2021

Tension pneumocephalus is an uncommon but important complication of neurosurgery, often requiring urgent surgical intervention. It should be considered in any patient presenting with neurological symptoms after recent craniotomy, particularly if they also have clinical features consistent with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. We describe a patient who presented four weeks post-craniotomy with fluctuating neurological signs and CSF rhinorrhoea, who made a full recovery following repair of a frontal sinus defect and dural tear.
Picture Quiz: Answer
Authors:   Geriatric Medicine, The Ipswich Hospital, Suffolk, UK, Alsawaf AFB , Sivakumar R ,   Geriatric Medicine, The Ipswich Hospital, Suffolk, UK
Published: June 2021

While peripheral lesions account for a significant proportion of cases presenting with isolated motor hand weakness (Box 1), this case illustrates the importance of recognizing infarction of the hand knob area as a cause for such a presentation. An accurate history is essential, along with a detailed systemic and neurological examination performed, particularly looking for other neurological findings that may hint towards a peripheral cause or involvement of more areas cortically. The presence of weakness of all muscle groups is unusual in peripheral nerve lesions and led in this case to the initial investigation with cerebral MRI, which provided the diagnosis.
Aortic dissection: a review of the diagnosis and initial management
Authors:   Southmead Hospital North Bristol Trust, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-trym, Bristol, Avon, Thomson-Moore Alexandra , Papouchado M ,   Southmead Hospital, Bristol
Published: June 2021

Aortic dissection is a medical emergency which carries a high mortality, particularly if undiagnosed and untreated. The diagnosis may be overlooked because the ‘classical’ history, examination and imaging signs are present in only a minority of cases. After reflecting on the underlying pathophysiology, this review examines aspects of the history and examination which should alert Acute Physicians to a possible diagnosis of aortic dissection. The relative benefits of different imaging techniques are summarised, along with the prognosis and treatment for different types of aortic dissection. Finally a case of aortic dissection which went undiagnosed for a month is presented to illustrate some of the key teaching points raised in this article.
Maps and missing malaria – if in doubt request a blood film
Authors:   University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, Adewole Victoria , Logan Sarah ,   University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, Singer Ramsay ,   University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, Kinson Ruth ,   University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, Moore David ,   London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street London WC1E 7HT UK
Published: June 2021

The severe sequelae of infection from the conventionally termed ‘benign’ forms of malaria are being increasingly recognised, and delayed diagnosis and treatment lead to worse outcomes. The clinical picture can be non-specific and malaria epidemiology is constantly changing, presenting challenges for the acute clinician. The most critical step in the diagnosis of patients presenting in the UK is the clinician’s awareness of the disease and its key presenting features. We describe a case of Plasmodium vivax malaria in a young man who presented with fever and diarrhoea, who had never travelled to a recognised malaria-endemic area.