bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis and the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Corso Phaedra S
Published: November 2023

Key Concepts Economic analysis, as applied to preventing intimate partner violence (IPV), may include cost of illness analyses, programmatic cost analyses, and such economic evaluation techniques as cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and benefit–cost analysis (BCA). A monetary assessment of the economic burden of IPV is typically referred to as a cost-of-illness (COI) analysis, which estimates the costs of health outcomes associated with disease or injury by quantifying the (direct) medical expenditures resulting from a condition and the resulting (indirect) value of lost productivity. By comparing average intervention costs across sites and populations, programmatic cost analyses are useful as tools to determine the efficient allocation of resources within a particular intervention to prevent IPV. Cost analyses are also essential components of future analyses of economic evaluation and should, therefore, be collected during the program start-up and development phase.
Culture and Cultural Competency in Addressing Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Warrier Sujata
Published: November 2023

The essentialist picture represents cultures as being distinct and separate, thus obscuring the reality that all boundaries between cultures are human constructs and that time and space bind the labels used to demarcate these boundaries. Assigning traditions, values, beliefs, and practices to any culture as stable elements obscures the ways in which historical and political processes shape how a particular tradition or practice comes to occupy a central position. One of the lessons learned in the early feminist movement is that a serious danger exists of imposing sameness on different groups of women, yet numerous problems arise when too much focus is placed on difference. To accommodate rapid changes in a complex world, culture must be critically redefined to also account for power, its structures, and its manifestations. Many terms are misused to describe diversity, such as multiculturalism; cultural sensitivity is quite different from cultural competency.
Primary Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence: Toward a Developmental, Social-Ecological Model
Authors: Whitaker Daniel J , Hall Diane M , Coker Ann L
Published: November 2023

Primary prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) has traditionally focused on school-based interventions for middle and high schools students. Two programs have been found to prevent IPV: the Safe Dates program, and the Youth Relationship Project. Conceptual models for the primary prevention of IPV should be expanded to be more developmentally and ecologically focused. A developmental perspective seeks to understand the early precursors of IPV. Such a perspective would seek to understanding the trajectories of partner violence and related behaviors, and would understand risk and protective factors as being developmentally specific.
Stalking Victimization: The Management of Its Consequences
Authors: Davis Keith E , Mechanic Mindy B
Published: November 2023

Stalking is a series of behaviors directed at another individual, including repeated unwanted approaches, communication, harassment, and threats or implied threats, that would make a reasonable person afraid. Females are more likely to be victims of stalking than males. Stalkers differ in their motives, the nature of the prior relationship between the stalker and their victim, the degree of reality contact of the stalker, and the degree of dangerousness of the stalker. The crime of stalking is unique for its serial and chronic nature. The resultant degree of fear is attributable to the omnipresent yet unpredictable potential for violence.
A Note on Mood, Modality, Tense, and Aspect Affixes in Turkish
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo
Published: November 2023

The limited goal of this chapter is to analyze the order of the mood, modality, tense and aspect, verbal suffixes of Turkish in the light of my (1999) proposal on the functional structure of the clause. My hope is that the exercise, besides explaining away certain apparent counterexamples to a rigid hierarchy of functional projections, may shed a partly new light on this area of the grammar of Turkish. In Cinque (1999), I examined the relative order of free (particles) and bound (suffixes) grammatical morphemes corresponding to mood, modality, tense, aspect, and voice distinctions in the languages of the world. The recurrent picture that one finds in this domain is that they not only are rigidly ordered with respect to one another (as partly anticipated in such works as Bybee 1985, Foley and Van Valin 1984, and Dik 1989), but also each of the mood, modality, tense, aspect, and voice categories is made up, at a finer level, of a number of distinct heads, which also appear to be rigidly ordered. The striking match between the order of these grammatical heads and the order of the corresponding adverbs was further taken there to suggest a rich and articulated functional structure above the lexical VP of the clause, where each adverb class corresponds to a mood, modality, tense, aspect, or voice head in a one-to-one fashion (as does the specifier to a head in a classical X-bar structure-Chomsky 1970, Kayne 1994).
Responsiveness And Moral Responsibility
Authors: Fischer John Martin
Published: November 2023

We distinguish between creatures who can legitimately be held morally responsible for their actions and those who cannot. Among the actions a morally responsible agent performs, we distinguish between those actions for which the agent is morally responsible and those for which he is not.
Free Will And Moral Responsibility
Authors: Fischer John Martin
Published: November 2023

Much has been written recently about free will and moral responsibility. In this chapter I will focus on the relationship between free will, on the one hand, and various notions that fall under the rubric of “morality,” broadly construed, on the other: deliberation and practical reasoning, moral responsibility, and ethical notions such as “ought,” “right,” “wrong,” “good,” and “bad.” I shall begin by laying out a natural understanding of freedom of the will. Next I develop some challenges to the commonsense view that we have this sort of freedom. I will go on to explore the implications of this challenge for deliberation, moral responsibility, and the central ethical notions.
A Transformed Revolution The Prelude, Books 9–13
Authors: Liu Alan
Published: November 2023

Shapeless Eagerness Because the r evolution books are among the most difficult sections of the poem to grasp as a whole, it may be useful to begin with an overview of their design. A look at the strangely shapeless river that opens book 9 will point the way:

As oftentimes a River, it might seem, Yielding in part to old remembrances, Part sway’d by fear to tread an onward road That leads direct to the devouring sea Turns, and will measure back his course, far back, Towards the very regions which he cross’d In his first outset; so have we long time Made motions retrograde, in like pursuit Detain’d. But now we start afresh; I feel An impulse to precipitate my Verse.
Amino Resins
Authors: Venkatasubramanian N , Bai Zongwu , Sohoni Milind
Published: November 2023

Alternative Names Melamines, urea resins Trade Names Resimene (Solutia, Inc.), Cymel (Cytek Industries, Inc.) Class Thermoset polymers; chemical copolymers Typical Comonomers Melamines, urea, formaldehyde, ethylene urea, benzoguanamine, thiourea, acetoguanamine Polymerizations Condensation Major Applications Molding resins, adhesives, coatings, treatment of paper, wood and textiles, automobile tires Properties of Special Interest Hardness, nonflammability, arc resistance, thermal properties, lightfastness
Benzimidazobenzophenanthroline-type Ladder Polymer (BBL) and Semi-ladder Polymer (BBB)
Authors: Venkatasubramanian N , Dang Thuy D , Kholodovych Vladyslav , Welsh William J
Published: November 2023

Acronyms, Alternative Names BBL: Poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline), Oxobenz(de)imidazobenzimidazoisoquinoline ladder polymer, Poly[(7-oxo-7H, 10H-benz(de)-imidazo(41,51:5,6)-benzimidazo(2,1-a)isoquinoline-3,4:10,11-tetrayl)-10- carbonyl], ladder -poly[(1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid)-alt -(1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene)]
Chitin
Authors: Mansencal Rachel , Kadla John F , Braun Jennifer L
Published: November 2023

Natural Resources Chitin is a biopolymer found in crustaceans shells (crab, shrimp, prawn, lobster) in some mollusks (krill, oyster, clam shells, squid skeleton). It is also found in fungi (mushrooms, yeast) and in various insects (cockroaches, silkworms, spiders, beetles).
Ethylcellulose
Authors: Yang Yong
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Lacquers for wood, plastic, and paper, varnishes, hot melts, adhesives, thickener for coatings and inks, tablet coatings and binding, encapsulation. Preparative Techniques Ethylcellulose is prepared by reacting ethyl chloride with alkali cellulose, as expressed by the following reaction:
Fluorosiloxane Polymers
Authors: Owen Michael J
Published: November 2023

Major Applications The commercial applications of fluorosilicones are dominated by PMTFPS (Polymer I). Its major use is as elastomers and sealants in applications exposed to hydrocarbon fuels and oils, and organic solvents; predominantly in the automotive and aerospace industries. Other uses of PMTFPS include antifoam fluids, lubricants, protective gels, and as a cosmetic barrier cream ingredient. Longer fluorocarbon side-chain fluorosiloxanes such as PMNFHS (Polymer II) are used in release coatings for polydimethylsiloxane-based silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives. Emerging fluorosiloxanes include fluoroPOSS materials, such as Polymer III, with potential as nanoscopic fillers and polymer surface modifying additives.
Kraton D1100 SBS Block Copolymers
Authors: Roland C M
Published: November 2023

Class Unsaturated thermoplastic elastomer Other Manufacturers or Suppliers of SBS Block Copolymers Chevron Phillips, Dexco Polymers, Polimeri Europa, BASF, Solvent Uritem, Vita Thermoplastic Polymers, Consolidated Polymer Technologies, Denka, J-Von, Chi Mei Ind., En Chuan Chemical Ind., Firestone Polymers, Elastron Kimya, PolyOne Major Applications Asphalt modifiers, polymer and thermoset modifiers, adhesives, sealants, coatings, molded, injected molded, and extruded items, general compounding (automotive parts, sporting goods, medical items, etc.)
Kraton G SEBS Block Copolymers
Authors: Roland C M
Published: November 2023

Class Saturated thermoplastic elastomer Other manufacturers/suppliers/compounders: Vita Thermoplastic Polymers, TechnoCompound, Kraiburg TPE, PolyOne, GLS, Dexco Polymers, Teknor, Kuraray Major Applications Asphalt modifiers, adhesives, sealants, coatings, waterproofing applications, footwear, polymer modifiers, oil gels Properties of Special Interest: In general, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) provide the mechanical properties of rubber in combination with the processing characteristics of plastics; recyclable; Kraton Gs are low-cost TPE with oxidative and thermal stability, good weathering, and UV and ozone resistance.
Metallophthalocyanine Polymers
Authors: Zeldin Martel , Zhang Yuli
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Electrical conductors, semiconductors, and materials with photooptical properties.
Nylon 6
Authors: Galanty Paul G , Jacob Karl I
Published: November 2023

Acronym, Alternative Name, Trade Names Polyamide 6 (PA-6), poly-ε-caproamide, Capron®, Ultramid®, Nylatron® Class Aliphatic polyamides Structure [ NH(CH2)5CO ] Major Applications Gears, fittings, and bearings, electrical switches, bobbins, and connectors, food packaging film, monofilament for weed trimmers and fishing lines, blow and roto-molded containers, wire and cable jacketing, power tool housings, wheelchair wheels, automotive cooling fans, and other underhood parts. Properties and Special Interest Excellent mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness especially at elevated temperature, good chemical and abrasion resistance, low coefficient of friction, good toughness and impact resistance.
Nylon 6,10
Authors: Ahmad Z , Kohan M I
Published: November 2023

Major Applications A general purpose medium viscosity grade polymer for injection molding and extrusion used for making hardware, industrial parts, and precision instruments. Generally used with glass fiber reinforcement. Properties of Special Interest Relatively low melting point; resistance to solvents, particularly hydrocarbons, low water absorption; stiffness; abrasion resistance; dimensional stability.
Polyacetylene
Authors: Wang Shuhong , Xu Ping
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Power cable sheathing, prime conductor, energy load leveling systems, batteries, and signal processing devices. Properties of Special Interest Insulating, semiconducting, conducting, and nonlinear optical properties. Polymerization Solvent evacuation (SE) method and intrinsic nonsolvent (INS) method. Thermal behavior
Polyacrylamide
Authors: Orwoll Robert A , Chong Yong S
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Flocculants in water treatment, paper manufacture, mining, and oil recovery; absorbents; gels for electrophoresis; thickening and binding agents; lubrication. Properties of Special Interest Amorphous. High affinity for water and completely miscible in water. Low toxicity. Low cost. Very high molecular weights attainable. Polymerization Conditions Most commonly, free-radical polymerizations of acrylamide in aqueous or aqueous salt solutions; but also precipitation polymerization in organic solvents; and emulsion polymerizations.
Poly(acrylonitrile)
Authors: Andrady Anthony L , Sen Taner Z , Ahunbay M Göktuğ
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Acrylonitrile copolymers are used extensively in textile fiber manufacture and in nitrile rubber. Copolymers are used in gaskets, grommets, hoses, printing roll surfaces, diaphragms, and in plumbing accessories. They also are used in coating applications.
Poly(amide imide)
Authors: Tan Loon-Seng
Published: November 2023

Major Applications A wide variety of injection-molded automotive parts such as housings, connectors, switches, relays, thrust washers, spline liners, valve seats, bushings, piston rings and seals, wear rings, ball bearings, rollers, thermal insulators etc.; laminated parts such as printed circuit boards, honeycomb core, radomes, etc.; coating for magnet wires; mechanical parts for business machines; aerospace applications such as jet-engine components, compressor and generator parts, and electronic devices; hydraulic/pneumatic parts such as bushings, seals, vanes, and flow-control parts.
Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers
Authors: Tomalia Donald A , Nixon Linda S
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Dendrimers are ideal macromolecular standards for use in size exclusion chromatography, membrane porosity evaluations, Newtonian viscosity applications, and electron microscopy. The mathematically defined surface functionality (Z may range from 2, 3, or 4 to several thousand) manifested by dendrimers (Figure 2) provides well-defined nanoscale building blocks for constructing complex nanostructures based on either covalent bonding or self-assembly-type processes. On the other hand, PAMAM dendrimers may function as hosts for the encapsulation of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, metals, fragrances, etc. once they have been grown to an appropriate congestion state that exhibits nanocontainer properties as shown in Figure 3.
Poly(benzimidazole)
Authors: Kholodovych Vladyslav , Welsh William J
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Fire-resistant material, replacement for asbestos, thermal-protective clothing, ion-exchange resins, microporous absorbent beads, membrane applications. Properties of Special Interest High-temperature stability, nonflammability, unusual resistance to organic solvents, excellent mechanical properties, interesting electrical and nonlinear optical properties. Synthesis Condensation polymerization of 3,3,,4,4,-tetraaminobiphenyl (TAB) and diphenyl isophthalate (DPIP) in poly(phosphoric) acid, [1] or in a hot molten nonsolvent such as sulfolane or diphenyl sulfone [2].
Cis-1,4-Polybutadiene
Authors: Lin Gui , Sharaf M A
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Tires and tire products, sealants, belts, gaskets, hoses, automotive molded articles, rubber bands, gloves, footwear, sporting goods, and rubber sheeting. Block copolymers with styrene are used for adhesives and footwear. Properties of Special Interest High green strength, tack, can be compounded with fillers and other polymers, can form block copolymers for specialty applications, high tensile strength owing to strain-induced crystallization.
Polychloral
Authors: Premachandra Jagath K , Jayasuriya Chandima Kumudinie , Masamoto Junzo
Published: November 2023

Major Applications Potential material for engineering plastics with rodlike backbone. Possible use as a packing material for high-performance liquid chromatography.(1) Properties of Special Interest Crystalline material with mechanical properties comparable to engineering plastics with rigid backbone of 41 helix similar to that of isotactic polyacetaldehyde, completely isotactic nature, and clean degradation to monomer at elevated temperature. Optical activity of polychloral based on macromolecular asymmetry is a new development; the values of optical activity of these polymers is in the thousands of degrees.
What’s so bad about living in the matrix?
Authors: Pryor James
Published: November 2023

There’s a natural, simple thought that the movie The Matrix encourages. This is that there’s something bad about being inside the Matrix. That is, there’s an important respect in which people inside the Matrix are worse off than people outside it. Of course, most people inside the Matrix are ignorant of the fact that they’re in this bad situation. They falsely believe they’re in the good situation. Despite that, they are still worse off than people who really are in the good situation.
Never The Twain Shall Meet:Reflections On The Very First Matrix
Authors: Hanley Richard
Published: November 2023

Did you know that the First Matrix was designed to be a perfect human world, where none suffered, where everyone would be happy? It was a disaster.
The matrix-our future?
Authors: Warwick Kevin
Published: November 2023

Is The Matrix merely a science fiction scenario or is it, rather, a philosophical exercise? Alternatively, is it a realistic possible future world? The number of respected scientists predicting the advent of intelligent machines is growing exponentially. Steven Hawking, perhaps the most highly regarded theoretical scientist in the world and the holder of the Cambridge University chair that once belonged to Isaac Newton, said recently, “In contrast with our intellect, computers double their performance every 18 months. So the danger is real that they could develop intelligence and take over the world.” He added, “We must develop as quickly as possible technologies that make possible a direct connection between brain and computer, so that artificial brains contribute to human intelligence rather than opposing it.” The important message to take from this is that the danger-that we will see machines with intellects that outperform that of humans-is real.
The Misdescription of Medicine
Authors: Montgomery Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Once in the mid-1980s, at a clinical research conference I attended every week, I observed aloud that medicine has the methodology, the rationality, of the social sciences. I meant to make a useable point about my colleagues’ approach to some matter at hand, but it was quickly brushed aside as the mistake of a clueless outsider. Lucky thing. I was near the beginning of three years of clinical observation. Although I was a faculty member in the medical school, they regarded me (quite rightly) as a learner. Only the National Science Foundation grant funding my research guaranteed that I was worth setting straight. I did not know then that the eminent medical historian Henry Sigerest, himself a physician, had made the same observation. “Medicine,” he said, “is not so much a natural as a social science.” I’ve wondered since whether it would have made much difference if I had been able to cite Sigerest on the spot. My colleagues were clinical researchers concerned with establishing a solid academic reputation for what was then a new whole-patient, primary care specialty, general internal medicine. Although they undoubtedly revered the great men of medicine, I suspect they would have dismissed someone who had written in the 1940s and 1950s, before the advent of truly advanced, technologically sophisticated medicine.
The Simplification of Clinical Cause
Authors: Montgomery Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Medicine strives for causal simplicity. Its identification with the old-fashioned idea of science owes its strength to the straightforward cause-and-effect simplicity that physicians find there. They admire that simplicity and, although their practice—for good reason—often belies it, they have adopted it as a goal. And no wonder: the promise of ready diagnoses with safe and efficacious treatment draws young people to medical careers—to say nothing of bringing patients to physicians. Anomalies are intellectually interesting; their discovery may be the highlight ofa good clinician’s day—or career. But the goal of both clinical medicine and laboratory research is to understand and resolve them; discovery is important only as a first step toward their eventual renormalizing explanation. They are “resorbed,” as clinicians say, back into the unremarkably ordinary. Thus, linear causality comes to stand for the clinical competence, the automaticity of thought, and the ready solutions to difficult problems that physicians work toward.
Uncertainty and the Ethics of Practice
Authors: Montgomery Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Almost a year after my daughter’s diagnosis, a few months after her treatment ended, I caught a ride with a surgeon-writer from a conference in Westchester County to an exit on the Merritt Parkway where my daughter and her husband were to meet me. I’d brought with me an early version of chapter 1 for her to read, if she were willing and time allowed. Because I admired the surgeon’s account of his brother’s death, I asked him about the perils of writing about illness in a family.
Meaning in Mind, Language, and Culture
Authors: Koller Bálint , Endrődi Noémi , Komlósi Sarolta , Tóth Rita , Kövecses Zoltán
Published: November 2023

The basic question that this book is seeking to answer is this: What relationships hold between the cognitive system, language, and culture? There are many different ways to answer this question, in part because different people mean different things by each of the concepts involved in the question. For the time being, it seems useful to assume that all of the three concepts have somehow to do with meaning-either with its creation, its communication, or human beings acting on meaning. We can perhaps assume as a relatively safe starting point that meaning in its different facets is a crucial aspect of the mind, language, and culture.
Mappings within Frames Metonymy as a Cognitive and Cultural Process
Authors: Koller Bálint , Endrődi Noémi , Komlósi Sarolta , Tóth Rita , Kövecses Zoltán
Published: November 2023

When we use words, we often mean something different from the primary meaning of the words used. One large class of such cases is called metonymy. Loosely speaking, metonymy is a “stand-for” relation: We use x to stand for y. For example, we use the head to stand for the person, such as in the phrase head count. Several questions arise in connection with metonymy.
Metaphoric Frames Some Cultural and Social Applications
Authors: Koller Bálint , Endrődi Noémi , Komlósi Sarolta , Tóth Rita , Kövecses Zoltán
Published: November 2023

I have suggested so far that, to a large extent, culture can be thought of as a set of shared understandings of the world, where our understandings are mental representations structured by cultural models, or frames. We also saw in the previous chapter that metaphor is the interaction of two cultural models¬ a source and a target domain, where the source provides much of the structure of the target. It then follows that some of our shared cultural understandings of the world will be based on metaphorical frames, that is, cases where a given cultural frame is structured by another cultural frame, or model.
Wild Scenes
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

When the individuality of jazz musicians combines with the capricious world in which they try to make a living, events are often produced which the musicians describe as “wild scenes.” Pops Foster gives an early example: A round 1923 the delegate of Local 44 got a one-night job over at Beartown, Illinois, for a little pickup band. It was a little coal-mining town where the miners come in and bring a jug to drink on all night. This one big tough guy with a long mustache came carrying a crock jug over his shoulder. He was unshaven, dirty, and chewed tobacco and sat in a chair he’d pulled up right in front of the bandstand. He laid a big pistol in his lap and told us to play nothin’ but Yes! We Have No Bananas. We started playing it and the guy who put on the dance came up and told us to do what they guy wanted or he’d break the dance up. All night long we played Yes! We Have No Bananas and the people there danced to it. Sometimes during the evening he’d want us to drink with him and would pass the jug up.
Stage Fright
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Stage fright is considered a normal hazard among actors, but musicians are often unprepared for it. Finding themselves before an audience in an unusual situation, they may suddenly be surprised to discover that their mouths are dry, their palms sweaty, their minds blank. Garvin Bushell saw it happen to Bubber Miley. After recording with blues singer Mamie Smith in 1921, Bushell went on to tour with her show. Somewhere along the way, Bubber Miley was hired to replace trumpeter Johnny Dunn. Bubber had never done a show before and was nervous about being on stage. On opening day at the Pershing Theater in Pittsburgh, Mamie got the hooks and eyes on her costume caught in a drawer in her dressing room and was late coming on stage. The band kept vamping, but Mamie didn’t appear. Mamie’s husband said, “Play the introduction again.” The band complied, but still no Mamie. They had already played the “Royal Garden Blues,” but they played it again. They repeated Mamie’s introduction. Still no Mamie.
The Put-on
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

There is a form of teasing that is loosely referred to by musicians as “putting people on.” “Squares,” those who don’t understand jazz and musicians, are natural targets for put-on artists. But insiders are not exempt. The first story is from Pops Foster: Papa Lorenzo Tio was a nice old guy. He was tall and drank a lot. One night he was playing for the Magnolia Band. He was drunk and sleeping through the numbers. He’d get the clarinet up to his mouth and finger the horn but nothin’ was coming out. I got a broomstick, picked up his clarinet, and put the broomstick on his lap. He played the whole next number on the broomstick. When Joe Oliver got ready to knock off the next number he asked Tio, “Tea, you gonna play this next number with us?” Tio said, “I been playing all night man, don’t you like my playing?” Joe said, “What are you playing with?” He said, “My clarinet,” and took a look at it. Then he turned to me and said, “You did this.”
Good Lines
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

This chapter is a collection of jazz musicians’ pithy remarks, bon mots, etc., that have been remembered and repeated. Many musicians have a way with words. One of the best was Eddie Condon. He once inquired of a lady at a theater party, “Is that a hat or a threat you’re wearing?” On arriving at another party at an East Side town house that was decorated in an overwhelmingly modern style, Condon said to the host, “Quite a place, isn’t it? Do you suppose anyone lives here?” His most famous line was tossed off in reference to some criticism, which was actually rather complimentary of his work, written by French jazz critic Hugues Panassié. Eddie said, “I don’t see why we need a Frenchman to come over here and tell us how to play American music. I wouldn’t think of going to France and telling him how to jump on a grape.” (For more Condon stories, see Chapter 29.)
Thomas “Fats”Waller
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Fats Waller refused to repress his rollicking sense of humor just because he happened to be one of the best jazz pianists around New York. His appealing personality made it possible for him to shift his musical venue from barrooms and dance halls to recordings, theater dates, and Hollywood films. Had he been a better businessman, he could have been one of the highest paid entertainers and songwriters in the country. But he lived for the moment, and tried to fill every moment with good times. Waller was an easy man to work for. He hired good musicians and encouraged them to enjoy their work. Maurice Waller describes Fats’s method of encouragement: My father had a unique system to reward inventiveness in improvisation. Pop kept two bottles of gin on a table during the rehearsals. One bottle was for himself or anyone who happened to be visiting. The other bottle was the “encourager,” as he called it. When one of the band excelled in an improvisational section, Dad would stop the rehearsal, pour him a healthy shot of gin, and the two of them would toast each other. If you wanted to drink at rehearsal, you had to shine.
Eddie Condon
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Eddie Condon was one of the group of young musicians who developed what became known as the Chicago style of jazz. In addition to playing banjo and guitar, he became an organizer of record dates, producer of jazz concerts, and a saloonkeeper. His two main interests in life besides his family were to hang around the music he loved and to stay loaded. He had a quick wit and a ready tongue. When asked what he thought of jazz as an art form, he was disdainful: “Canning peaches is an art form!” Condon was at a party where a phonograph was playing an Eddy Duchin record. One of the guests said, “Don’t you adore Eddy Duchin, Mr. Condon? He really makes the piano talk, doesn’t he?” Condon said, “He certainly does.
Pee Wee Russell
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

As Pee Wee Russell played, he twisted his lanky body and his long, rubbery face into wonderful expressions of struggle, near-defeat, and astonished victory. A shy man, he mumbled and twisted uncomfortably when speaking, but if you paid close attention, you discovered that he was a very determined individualist. Pee Wee spent a number of years of his life so thoroughly soaked in alcohol that his memory of them was blurred when serious health problems finally forced him to give up drinking. As he sat between sets at a Boston jazz club, a man and woman came over and greeted him warmly. He looked at them with a pleasant, blank inquiry. “Pee Wee, don’t you remember us?” said the woman. “You stayed at our house for six months while you were working in St. Louis!” Pee Wee smiled uncomfortably and gave a helpless shrug. “If you say so,” he said.
Duke Ellington and His Orchestra
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Edward Kennedy Ellington was a complex, fascinating man who cast a large shadow across the music world. Even though several books have been written about him, including his own autobiography, he remains elusive. He accepted the sobriquet “Duke” while in his teens, and began creating for himself a persona of elegance and suavity (with a touch of the put-on) that he refined throughout his seventy-five years, a lifetime filled with tremendous musical productivity. Fond of flowery phrases and romantic gestures, Ellington bore himself with the utmost self-assurance, yet he observed more personal superstitions than a minor-league ballplayer. James Lincoln Collier writes: He would not wear certain colors; he would not give or receive gifts of shoes, which suggested that the recipient would use them to walk away; he was afraid of drafts and kept the windows around him closed at all times; he was frightened of flying and refused to do it until the demands of travel forced him into planes; and he subjected himself to many similar taboos.
Benny Goodman
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Benny Goodman has probably generated more anecdotes than any other musician. He was a superior instrumentalist and an extremely successful bandleader. He was also absent-minded, inscrutable, ruthless, and often infuriating. His eccentricities on and off the bandstand gave the musicians who worked for him abundant material for backstage stories. This sampling of them begins with a story told by Gene Lees: In the early 1930s, Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman sat together in the same New York studio sax section, before either of them was famous. Shaw always had his nose in a book during breaks. Goodman asked him what he was reading and Shaw showed him: Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of the Leisure Class. Thereafter Benny would greet Artie at work each day with “How ya doin’, J.B.?” and when they parted, “See ya later, J.B.” Shaw was not going to give him the satisfaction of asking him what it meant, but finally curiosity got the better of him.
Art Tatum and His Children
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Though handicapped by the loss of all sight in one eye and nearly all in the other, Art Tatum had complete command of the piano. Harmonically he was years ahead of his contemporaries. It seemed inconceivable that his work would ever lose the respect of the jazz world, but there were a few years during the bebop revolution when critics down-rated him because he hadn’t “progressed.” He simply continued to play in the breathtaking style that he had invented and mastered. A resurgent interest in Tatum restored him to his rightful place in the jazz pantheon not long after Norman Granz had the imagination and daring to record and release eleven LPs of Tatum’s solo playing. Pianists in Tatum’s day literally quailed before him. He made it a practice never to sit down at the piano until all the other pianists in the house had played. None of them would play after him, and he wanted to hear what they were all doing.
Systems Biotechnology: Combined in Silico and Omics Analyses for the Improvement of Microorganisms for Industrial Applications
Authors: Lee Sang Yup , Lee Dong-Yup , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Byung Hun , Lee Sang Jun
Published: November 2023

Biotechnology plays an increasingly important role in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and agricultural industries. Microorganisms have been successfully employed for the production of recombinant proteins [1–4] and various primary and secondary metabolites [5–8]. As in other engineering disciplines, one of the ultimate goals of industrial biotechnology is to develop lower-cost and higher-yield processes. Toward this goal, fermentation and downstream processes have been significantly improved thanks to the effort of biochemical engineers [9]. In addition to the effort of making these mid to downstream processes more efficient, microbial strains have been improved by recombinant and other molecular biological methods, leading to the increase in microbial metabolic activities toward desired goals [10]. However, these conventional attempts have not always been successful owing to unexpected changes in the physiology and metabolism of host cells. Alternatively, rational metabolic and cellular engineering approaches have been tried to solve such problems in a number of cases, but they were also still limited to the manipulation of only a handful of genes encoding enzymes and regulatory proteins. In this regard, systematic approaches are indeed required not only for understanding the global context of the metabolic system but also for designing better metabolic engineering strategies.
Embryonic Stem Cells as a Module for Systems Biology
Authors: Thomson Andrew M , Robson Paul , Huck Hui Ng , Otu Hasan H , Bing Lim
Published: November 2023

The current trend of biological and medical research in generating massive data sets in diverse fields using multiple and varying platforms necessitates a new perspective in the way we anticipate the harvesting of new knowledge from the vast amount of accumulating data. Systems biology may be thought of as a discipline that seeks to achieve breakthrough into new understandings of biology from the cell to the organism by a computational integration of diverse large biological data sets to capture information not possible through analysis of a single or a few parameters such as transcript, protein and activity states, protein–protein interaction, protein-nucleic acid interaction, extracellular signals, and cellular transformation [1]. The goals of systems biology range from the simplest ability to predict specific functional responses, or identify networks for lineage specification at the cellular level, to grand revelations of physiological and behavioral responses at the tissue and even organism level [1]. Three advances have driven the movement toward the emergence of this discipline: (1) the technologies to acquire complete annotated genome sequences of species; (2) the development of technologies to capture parallel gene expression of transcripts and proteins on a genomic scale; and (3) the development of miniaturization and high-throughout analysis of gene function.
Local Sequence Similarities
Authors: Smith Temple F
Published: November 2023

In today’s genomic era, the use of computer-based comparative genetic sequence analysis has become routine. It is used to identify the function of newly sequenced genes, to identify conserved functional sites, to reconstruct probable evolutionary histories, and to investigate many other biological questions. DNA and protein comparative sequence analysis is often considered to be the founding aspect of what is now called Bioinformatics and Genomics. Given that the development of computational tools played a key role, a bit of history will help in understanding both the motivations and the sequence of ideas that led to many comparative sequence tools, including the local dynamic or Smith–Waterman alignment algorithm.
DNA–Protein Interactions
Authors: Stormo Gary D
Published: November 2023

“Gene expression” refers to the process by which the information encoded in the DNA of a genome is converted into the RNA and protein products that perform the various functions of the cell. The first step of expression is the transcription, or literally copying, of regions of the DNA into RNA sequences which may themselves perform important functions or which may be the information-carrying intermediates, messenger RNA (mRNA), that specify the sequences of proteins. The process of transcription requires a large complement of protein factors, including some that specify the position within the DNA sequence where transcription begins. This includes many proteins that are components of the RNA polymerase complex that forms at the transcription initiation site, many of which do not directly contact the DNA. The focus of this chapter is on those transcription factors (TFs) that interact directly with DNA in a sequence-specific manner to regulate transcription. They may act as repressors that turn off transcription of a particular gene when they are bound to DNA nearby, or they may be activators that facilitate the transcription of the genes they regulate. Some proteins even provide both functions at different promoters or under different conditions.
Prologue: “So—You Want to Be a Conductor? It Starts with You”
Authors: Wittry Diane
Published: November 2023

Many of us will spend our lives trying to perfect this art form, but what truly makes one conductor great, and another conductor just good? People used to say that conductors were born, not taught; that you had to already possess the “right” personality from birth to assume this leadership role; that, if the first time you ever stepped on the podium, you did n’t have the mysterious “it,” you never would. I do not believe this is true. I believe that anyone who is passionate about music-making, and who is willing to work hard and learn, can become a con-ductor. There are many areas that must be studied and mastered to make this a reality. Beyond the musical skills that must be learned, you must master the es-sential ingredient that makes the difference between a good conductor and a great one.
The People Factor
Authors: Wittry Diane
Published: November 2023

As a conductor, the only way you can really accomplish your goals is through other people. You can understand and communicate the music, but communica-tion is a two-way street. Ultimately, someone in the orchestra will actually be pro-ducing the sound. The way to inspire your orchestra to its best effort is through good lines of communication, both on and off the podium. Communication takes time. It involves delving beneath the surface causes and words to find out the root of any problem. It involves being willing to empathize and make people feel heard. Good communication is the key to your success.
Funding the Artistic Vision
Authors: Wittry Diane
Published: November 2023

Every community has a limited number of resources that will be available to sup- port the non profit organizations within that community. The amount of this funding is dependent on whether major corporate offices or simply satellite of- fices are located in your area. How many large businesses, banks, and foundations are you able to draw on? What is the financial makeup of the majority of your community? How large is the community, and is it growing larger or smaller? Of this number, how many currently attend your concerts? How many might be per-suaded to attend in the future? If you offer more concerts, you need to be sure there is an audience to fill the seats. If you offer larger concerts, you need to iden-tify donors who are excited about artistic growth and willing to fund it.
Introduction
Authors: Freeman Samuel
Published: November 2023

John Rawls is widely recognized as the most significant and influential political philosopher of the twentieth century. His main influence lies in two separate works, A Theory of Justice (1971) and Political Liberalism (1993).1 Rawls revised his account of justice considerably in the twenty-two years intervening between these books, but there is a good deal of disagreement and confusion about how his views about justice changed. Some suggest that Rawls became more conservative, that he abandoned the difference principle, or that he altogether gave up on the idea of the original position and his social contract Arianism. Others contend that in Political Liberalism, Rawls changed his thinking as a response to communitarian criticisms, or that he was primarily motivated to accommodate religion. In this book, I argue that all these claims are mistaken. There are powerful interconnections between A Theory of Justice and Political Liberalism that have not been sufficiently acknowledged in the literature. If one understands these connections, then one can better understand Rawls’s project not only in Political Liberalism but also in A Theory of Justice. In this brief introduction, I provide the intellectual context for the chapters that follow, first by discussing the background to Rawls’s transition to the doctrine of political liberalism and its basis in his social contract Arianism, and then by foreshadowing the arguments of each chapter.
The Problem Of The Many
Authors: Unger Peter
Published: November 2023

It is my intention to propose a new philosophical problem which I call the problem of the many. This problem concerns the number of entities, if any, that exist in actual ordinary situations and in counterfactual or hypothetical situations. The problem concerns the number even at a given moment of time, and it becomes only yet more baffling when durations of time, and changes, inevitably complicate the issue. It is a philosophical commonplace to note that, without any further specification, there is no definite finite answer to the question of how many entities a given ordinary situation contains. Considering my own present situation, for example, it might be said to contain a salt shaker, also each of the grains of salt in the shaker, also the atoms that compose the shaker, as well as each of those in the grains, and this is only to begin to enumerate what seems natural. Artificial or contrived entities, so to introduce them, greatly complicate the picture. There is the left half of the shaker, as viewed from right here, and also the right half; there is the scattered concrete entity whose salient parts are that left half of the shaker and the second largest grain of salt inside the shaker; perhaps, there is even relevantly in the situation, the abstract entity that is the set whose sole members are the two concrete items most recently specified; and so on, and so forth.
The Mystery Of The Physical And The Matter Of Qualities: A Paper For Professor Shaffer
Authors: Unger Peter
Published: November 2023

For some fifty years now, nearly all work in mainstream analytic philosophy has made no serious attempt to understand the nature of physical reality, even though most analytic philosophers take this to be all of reality, or nearly all. Whereas we’ve worried much about the nature of our own experiences and thoughts and languages, we’ve worried little about the nature of the vast physical world that, as we ourselves believe, has them all as only a In this central respect, we’ve been very different from the man emerging as the century’s preeminent analytic philosopher, Bertrand Russell. Although Russell thought hard about the things that have preoccupied us, he also thought hard about the nature of physical reality.
Impotence And Causal Determinism
Authors: Unger Peter
Published: November 2023

When we are in a certain frame of mind, one which is not at all obviously muddled or confused, it is easy to think of everything that happens as caused by some earlier happening or happenings. Furthermore, we may then well think, events occurring at earlier times, by causing them, determine those at later times; by causing, the earlier leave no alternative but for the later to occur. There are some other further suppositions, somewhat more radical, which are also quite natural, even if they do not occur quite so easily or frequently as those just previously expressed: As things are determined so that prior events are causing everything which happens, there is no chance for any person himself to cause anything. There is, then, no possibility for you yourself to make anything happen, prior events always and inevitably taking care of things completely. Accordingly, it is not within your power to act, or to do anything at all. You are totally, completely impotent.
The Curse Of Caste; Or The Slave Bride
Authors: Collins Julia C
Published: November 2023

“My school-days are over, and now farewell to books and quiet happiness,” said Claire Neville, with a sigh, on the morning following the closing exercises of L—Seminary,1 as she was gathering books, papers, pens, and drawing materials with sundry other articles pertaining to boarding school life, into an indiscriminate mass, preparatory to packing them away. “I am weak and foolish, I know,” said Claire aloud, “to feel so badly about leaving old friends and associations, to go forth into a cold and uncharitable world, but I can not help it. As my very soul shrinks from coming in contact with strangers, who will not understand my nature, and, therefore, cannot sympathize with me.” And the proud head was bowed upon her clasped hands, and bright, pearly tears were falling thick and fast. “Just one moment of weakness,” murmured she, “and I shall be strong again, strong to do and dare.” Claire Neville formed a beautiful and striking picture as she sat, with bowed head and drooping figure, the seeming embodiment of grief; for Claire was strangely, wildly, and darkly beautiful.