bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fraud and Corruption in U.S. Nonprofit Entities
Authors: Archambeault Deborah S. , Webber Sarah , Greenlee Janet
Published: November 2014

The charitable sector is vulnerable to fraud losses, with these losses negatively impacting the organization’s reputation, future funding, and ability to advance its mission. Research on nonprofit fraud is relatively scarce, due mainly to limited availability of data. We create a database that summarizes and describes basic facts (nature and timing of fraud, description of organization, magnitude of loss, and perpetrators) for 115 incidents of detected fraud occurring in U.S. nonprofit organizations. We find a disproportionately high incidence of nonprofit fraud in the Health and Human Services National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities Groups, a high percentage of females committing misappropriation frauds, and that the organizational role of the perpetrator is related to the size of the fraud loss. We also investigate whether organizations detecting a nonprofit fraud report this information, as required, on Internal Revenue Service Form 990, and find that many organizations do not comply.
Addressing Limits to Mainstream Economic Analysis of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos
Published: November 2014

The article outlines the contours of an “Austrian”-theory-inspired perspective on the study of non-profit and voluntary social processes and institutions while using as a background and vehicle the Austrian economics criticism of mainstream neoclassical economics. The argument proceeds in two steps: First, it focuses on the explicit and implicit role welfare economics theory and efficiency/optimality models have come to assume in theorizing essential aspects of the non-profit sector. It points out the intrinsic limits of neoclassical economics in this respect. Second, it follows the logical implications of the arguments advanced in the first step to the reconstitution of a broader theory of social order that (a) circumvents the incapacitating reliance on maximization models of rationality and general equilibrium logic and that (b) pivots in a natural way on the notions of voluntary social actions, associations, and processes.
To Volunteer or Not
Authors: Dury Sarah , De Donder Liesbeth , De Witte Nico , Buffel Tine , Jacquet Wolfgang , Verté Dominique
Published: November 2014

The study examines a hybrid theory containing individual characteristics, resources, and social factors and volunteering of older adults living in Belgium. As scholars have pointed out the underresearched importance of taking the recruitment potential of older adults into account, this study investigates whether potential volunteers, actual volunteers, and non-volunteers in later life are different from each other in terms of individual characteristics (e.g., religiosity), resources (e.g., socioeconomic status), and social factors (e.g., social networks and social roles). Data for the present research were derived from the Belgian Aging Studies, a sample of 31,581 individuals aged 65 to 80 years. Logistic regression analyses indicate that altruistic and religious values, physical health, frequent contact with friends, and providing help to others are important predictors for potential volunteers as well as actual volunteers. Overall, the results indicate important insights for recruitment and retention of older volunteers.
Application of the boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a flat plate using collocation method
Authors: Rostamiyan Y , Khazayinejad M , Ganji DD , Hamed Mashhadzadeh A
Published: November 2014

The aim of this article is to apply the collocation method for boundary layer in unbounded domain. The solution for velocity and temperature are computed by applying the collocation method. It does not need any perturbation, linearization, or small parameter versus homotopy perturbation method and parameter perturbation method. Also the determination of the auxiliary parameter and auxiliary function versus homotopy analysis method is not necessary. The use of a special technique to obtain solutions that are very close to the exact solution of the equation has been attempted. The idea is to transform the equations and boundary conditions into another set of variables. In comparison with previous studies, the solution shows that the results of the present method are in excellent agreement with those of the numerical methods. As an important result, it is depicted that approximation of the physical quantities f ′′(0) and θ′(0) are more accurate in comparison with those obtained using homotopy perturbation method. Also, the results reveal that this method is more suitable for solution of boundary layer problems with infinite boundary values.
Design and experimental evaluation of a teleoperated haptic robot–assisted catheter operating system
Authors: Yin Xuanchun , Guo Shuxiang , Hirata Hideyuki , Ishihara Hidenori
Published: November 2014

Minimally invasive surgery and therapy is popularly used both for diagnosis and for surgery. Teleoperation, a promising surgery, is used to protect the surgeon from X-ray radiation as well as to address the problem of lacking experienced surgeons in remote rural areas. However, surgery success ratio should be considered because the surgeon was separated from the patient remotely. A most effective addressing method to improve success ratio is design of a haptic interface as a master console, which can provide the “immersive” operation to the surgeon. In this study, a haptic catheter operation system for teleoperation through exploiting magnetorheological fluids is proposed to solve the safety problem. The haptic sensation is provided by varying the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluids by adjusting the magnetic field, which is dependent on the force measured in the slave manipulator. Therefore, three parts of the haptic interface were designed and fabricated: magnetic field, magnetorheological fluids container and haptic performance calibration mechanism. Some preliminary experiments have been done to verify the effectiveness of this kind of haptic interface. Experimental results illustrated that the designed haptic catheter operation system can be used for teleoperation and for training the surgeon for the non-experience.
Childhood ADHD Potentiates the Association Between Problematic Drinking and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Wymbs Brian T. , Walther Christine A. P. , Cheong JeeWon , Belendiuk Katherine A. , Pedersen Sarah L. , Gnagy Elizabeth M. , Pelham William E. , Molina Brooke S. G.
Published: November 2014

Objective: Excessive alcohol consumption increases risk of perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). ADHD is associated with problematic drinking and IPV, but it is unclear whether problem drinkers with ADHD are more likely than those without ADHD to perpetrate IPV. Method: We compared the strength of association between problem drinking trajectories and IPV perpetration among 19- to 24-year-old men with ( n = 241) and without ( n = 180) childhood ADHD. Results: Men with ADHD who reported higher heavy episodic drinking or alcohol use problems at age 19, and slower decreases in alcohol use problems from age 19 to 24, were more likely to perpetrate IPV than problem drinkers without ADHD, among whom the same associations were non-significant. Associations between problem drinking and IPV were not attenuated in adults with ADHD upon controlling for antisocial personality disorder. Conclusion: Study findings highlight the heightened risk of problem drinkers with ADHD perpetrating IPV.
Age and disability differential treatment in France – Contrasting EU and national court’s approaches to the inner limits of anti-discrimination law
Authors: Mercat-Bruns Marie
Published: November 2014

Illegitimate differential treatment in France puts European Union anti-discrimination law into perspective. Although French judges and the French legislature have transposed the directives on legitimate differences of treatment based on age and disability which include justifications to discrimination in employment, the French judiciary has also shown it can adopt a higher standard of scrutiny than the Court of Justice of the European Union, taking into account the specific plight of younger and older workers. This development is meaningful because this implicitly highlights how civil law systems can grasp, in a more incisive way, the scope of antidiscrimination law.
Industrial Age non-destructive evaluation to Information Age structural health monitoring
Authors: Derriso Mark M , DeSimio Martin P , McCurry Charles D , Schubert Kabban Christine M , Olson Steven E
Published: November 2014

This article was originally presented as a keynote address at the Ninth International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring with the intent of provoking discussions relating to the transformation of aircraft maintenance practices by exploiting opportunities and benefits offered by Information Age technology and techniques. The US Air Force currently manages its aircraft using a schedule-based maintenance philosophy. This schedule-based approach works well for ensuring aircraft integrity; however, it is very costly, labor-intensive, and reduces aircraft availability. Structural health monitoring systems have the potential to analyze near-real-time and historical weapon systems data to provide a predictive maintenance capability. However, much aerospace structural health monitoring research has focused on in situ structural inspection techniques instead of structural monitoring. Structural inspections typically entail examining key locations of an airframe for material degradation or flaws. These examinations usually occur at predefined time intervals. As such, each inspection is considered an independent evaluation. Conversely, structural monitoring involves continuous condition surveillance of an airframe over an extended period of time. Structural monitoring uses past conditions and expected future conditions for producing a comprehensive understanding of the current health state. A new architecture, Cognitive Architecture for State Exploitation, is introduced as a monitoring technique that combines diagnostic or state (i.e. health) assessments, prognostic assessments, and mission objectives into a common framework to enable goal-based decision making. Results from a laboratory experiment are utilized to demonstrate the application of Cognitive Architecture for State Exploitation and to illustrate the potential to improve effectiveness and efficiency metrics compared to those of the current US Air Force maintenance procedures.
How Much Do Additional Mailings and Telephone Calls Contribute to Response Rates in a Survey of Medicare Beneficiaries?
Authors: Burkhart Q , Haviland Amelia M. , Kallaur Paul N. , Edwards Carol A. , Brown Julie A. , Elliott Marc N.
Published: November 2014

Surveys often spend substantial money on multiple mailings and telephone calls to ensure high overall response rates and adequate representation of hard-to-reach demographic subgroups. We examine the extent to which an additional mailing and additional sets of telephone calls are effective in attaining these goals across a variety of subgroups in a large, national multimode survey of Medicare beneficiaries. We also examine the relative data quality of the responses that come with each level of extra effort. We find that additional mailings appear more effective in some groups, while additional telephone calls appear more effective in others. Tailoring the fielding strategy differently by subgroup may improve response rates at a lower cost per complete than using the same fielding protocol for all potential respondents, although data quality is likely to decline with additional efforts in either mode.
Absolute Theta Power in the Frontal Cortex During a Visuomotor Task
Authors: Gongora Mariana , Peressuti Caroline , Velasques Bruna , Bittencourt Juliana , Teixeira Silmar , Arias-Carrión Oscar , Cagy Mauricio , Ribeiro Pedro
Published: November 2014

Bromazepam is a benzodiazepine, which has been widely employed in the treatment of anxiety. We investigated the electrophysiological changes in absolute theta power within the frontal cortex when individuals performed a visuomotor task under bromazepam. The sample of 17 healthy individuals was randomized into 2 experimental conditions, under which bromazepam 6 mg and placebo were administered on different days. All subjects were right -handed, with no mental or physical illness and were not using any psychoactive or psychotropic substance during the entire period of the study. We found an increase in reaction time under bromazepam compared with placebo . With regard to the electrophysiological variable, we found a lower theta power value in the prefrontal cortex prior to task execution, compared with after. We therefore suggested that this could be an increase of neural activity in this region, because of the subjects’ readiness to perform the task, that is, because of their higher alertness. The right lateral frontal region showed lower theta power under bromazepam for pre- and post-finger movement. This could have occurred because of more effort to execute the task. In the left frontal region: premovement did not demonstrate any difference between conditions, possibly because the proposed task was simple to execute. In conclusion, theta power plays an important role in the analysis of visuomotor performance, assuming that bromazepam causes impairment on sustained attention and sensory perception.
The influence of staff training on challenging behaviour in individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: Cox Alison D , Dube Charmayne , Temple Beverley
Published: November 2014

Many individuals with intellectual disability engage in challenging behaviour. This can significantly limit quality of life and also negatively impact caregivers (e.g., direct care staff, family caregivers and teachers). Fortunately, efficacious staff training may alleviate some negative side effects of client challenging behaviour. Currently, a systematic review of studies evaluating whether staff training influences client challenging behaviour has not been conducted. The purpose of this article was to identify emerging patterns, knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research on this topic. The literature search resulted in a total of 19 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Articles were separated into four staff training categories. Studies varied across sample size, support staff involved in training, study design, training duration and data collection strategy. A small sample size ( n = 19) and few replication studies, alongside several other procedural limitations prohibited the identification of a best practice training approach.
Media, race and crime: Racial perceptions and criminal culpability in a multiracial national context
Authors: Lee Seow Ting , Thien Nguyen Phuoc
Published: November 2014

This study contributes to the limited literature on race and crime in a multicultural Asian context. Based on a survey in Singapore, where multiracialism is a fundamental political pillar and yet discourse about race is mostly shunned, the findings suggest a relationship between media consumption and racial perceptions. Respondents who consume more race-specific media have less negative racial perceptions of their own race, and more negative racial perceptions about other races. Respondents who consume more crime-related media content on TV, newspapers, and social networking sites tend to be more racially prejudiced against other races. Those who pay more attention to crime-related media content hold more negative racial perceptions of other races, and have harsher criminal culpability judgments of other races while holding a diminished culpability judgment of one’s own race.
Aesthetics and Time: Sustained and Distracted Modes of Engagement
Authors: Stewart Simon
Published: November 2014

This article considers the relation between aesthetic engagement and time. It puts forward a sociologically-based approach that considers social time and its stratifications, and it draws attention to two intersecting temporal dimensions of aesthetic engagement: the sweep of time that leads to the moment of engagement and the particular moment of engagement itself. The sweep of time needs to be explored because individuals, in common with the cultural objects with which they engage, have histories and trajectories which when plotted over time take stable but sometimes relatively unpredictable courses. Zooming in on the particular moment of aesthetic engagement in its sustained and distracted modes will enable us to better understand the extent of engagement as other objects and tasks compete for our attention. The article also draws attention to the stratification of social time and the fact that some are more able than others to possess time and find time for sustained aesthetic engagement.
Clinician Perspectives on Delaying Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy for Clinically Eligible HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Beer Linda , Valverde Eduardo E. , Raiford Jerris L. , Weiser John , White Becky L. , Skarbinski Jacek
Published: November 2014

Objectives:

Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation have evolved, but consistently note that adherence problems should be considered and addressed. Little is known regarding the reasons providers delay ART initiation in clinically eligible patients.

Methods:

In 2009, we surveyed a probability sample of HIV care providers in 582 outpatient facilities in the United States and Puerto Rico with an open-ended question about nonclinical reasons for delaying ART initiation in otherwise clinically eligible patients.

Results:

Very few providers (2%) reported never delaying ART. Reasons for delaying ART were concerns about patient adherence (68%), patient acceptance (60%), and structural barriers (33%). Provider and practice characteristics were associated with reasons for delaying ART.

Conclusion:

Reasons for delaying ART were consistent with clinical guidelines and were both patient level and structural. Providers may benefit from training and access to referrals for ancillary services to enhance their ability to monitor and address these issues with their patients.
Design and properties of polyvinylidene fluoride/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Mehwish Nabila , Kausar Ayesha , Siddiq Muhammad , Raheel Muhammad
Published: November 2014

In this work, we prepared thin film nanocomposite membranes for water desalination. We synthesized nanocomposite derived from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS), and modified multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). Three nanotube modifications were prepared: carboxylic acid functional MWCNT-COOH, acid chloride functional MWCNT-COCl and thiocyanate-modified MWCNT-SCN. Consequently, three nanocomposite blends with 0.01–1 wt. % nanofiller, PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-COOH, PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-COCl and PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-SCN, were prepared. Functionalization of the nanotube was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface morphology of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy. PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-COOH 0.01–1 nanocomposite tensile strength increased from 10.1 to 13.1 MPa, while PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-SCN 0.01–1 increased from 10.2 to 13.9 MPa. PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-COOH nanocomposite maximum decomposition temperature increased from 516℃ to 559℃ and PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-SCN increased from 551 to 574℃. PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-COOH 0.01–0.1 percent solvent content changed from 1.07% to 1.39% and PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-SCN 0.01–0.1 changed from 1.08% to 2.80%. PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-SCN 0.01–0.1 porosity in water (0.05–0.08) was highest among all membranes. Shrinkage ratio decreased with increasing nanotube content in all membranes. PVDF/SBS-MWCNT-SCN nanocomposite pure water flux (4.7 mLcm−2 min−1), salt rejection (83.9%), and recovery (76.7%) were higher than other membranes prepared.
An RCOR1 loss–associated gene expression signature identifies a prognostically significant DLBCL subgroup
Authors: Chan Fong Chun , Telenius Adele , Healy Shannon , Ben-Neriah Susana , Mottok Anja , Lim Raymond , Drake Marie , Hu Sandy , Ding Jiarui , Ha Gavin , Scott David W. , Kridel Robert , Bashashati Ali , Rogic Sanja , Johnson Nathalie , Morin Ryan D. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Sehn Laurie , Connors Joseph M. , Marra Marco A. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Shah Sohrab P. , Steidl Christian
Published: November 2014

Key Points

Integration of genome-wide copy number and whole transcriptome data identifies key mutational events in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Genomic deletions in RCOR1 are associated with a specific gene expression signature and with unfavorable clinical outcomes in DLBCL patients.
Risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients diagnosed with superficial vein thrombosis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Schmidt Morten , Dekkers Olaf M. , Pedersen Lars , Vandenbroucke Jan P. , Sørensen Henrik T.
Published: November 2014

Key Points

In the 3 months after isolated SVT, the risk of a deep venous event or pulmonary embolism is 3.4%. This risk remains fivefold increased more than 5 years after the superficial event.
Selective inhibition of EZH2 and EZH1 enzymatic activity by a small molecule suppresses MLL-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Xu Bowen , On Doan M. , Ma Anqi , Parton Trevor , Konze Kyle D. , Pattenden Samantha G. , Allison David F. , Cai Ling , Rockowitz Shira , Liu Shichong , Liu Ying , Li Fengling , Vedadi Masoud , Frye Stephen V. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Zheng Deyou , Jin Jian , Wang Gang Greg
Published: November 2014

Key Points

We characterize active vs inactive analog compounds suitable for inhibition of both PRC2-EZH2 and PRC2-EZH1 ex vivo and in vivo. This study is the first to show oral delivery of an EZH2 and EZH1 dual inhibitor as promising therapeutics for MLL-rearranged leukemia.
Functional normalization of 450k methylation array data improves replication in large cancer studies
Authors: Fortin Jean-Philippe , Labbe Aurélie , Lemire Mathieu , Zanke Brent W , Hudson Thomas J , Fertig Elana J , Greenwood Celia MT , Hansen Kasper D
Published: November 2014

We propose an extension to quantile normalization that removes unwanted technical variation using control probes. We adapt our algorithm, functional normalization, to the Illumina 450k methylation array and address the open problem of normalizing methylation data with global epigenetic changes, such as human cancers. Using data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and a large case–control study, we show that our algorithm outperforms all existing normalization methods with respect to replication of results between experiments, and yields robust results even in the presence of batch effects. Functional normalization can be applied to any microarray platform, provided suitable control probes are available.
SRST2: Rapid genomic surveillance for public health and hospital microbiology labs
Authors: Inouye Michael , Dashnow Harriet , Raven Lesley-Ann , Schultz Mark B , Pope Bernard J , Tomita Takehiro , Zobel Justin , Holt Kathryn E
Published: November 2014

Rapid molecular typing of bacterial pathogens is critical for public health epidemiology, surveillance and infection control, yet routine use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for these purposes poses significant challenges. Here we present SRST2, a read mapping-based tool for fast and accurate detection of genes, alleles and multi-locus sequence types (MLST) from WGS data. Using >900 genomes from common pathogens, we show SRST2 is highly accurate and outperforms assembly-based methods in terms of both gene detection and allele assignment. We include validation of SRST2 within a public health laboratory, and demonstrate its use for microbial genome surveillance in the hospital setting. In the face of rising threats of antimicrobial resistance and emerging virulence among bacterial pathogens, SRST2 represents a powerful tool for rapidly extracting clinically useful information from raw WGS data.

Source code is available from http://katholt.github.io/srst2/.
Existence of a nontrivial solution for a "Equation missing" -Laplacian equation with p-critical exponent in "Equation missing"
Authors: Chaves Marcio F , Ercole Grey , Miyagaki Olimpio H
Published: November 2014

In this paper we prove the existence of a nontrivial solution in

D

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(

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for the following

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is positive in an open set.

MSC: 35J92, 47J30.
Magnetic microrobot and its application in a microfluidic system
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Jiao Niandong , Tung Steve , Liu Lianqing
Published: November 2014

This paper researches the design and control method of a microrobot in a microfluidic system by electromagnetic field. The microrobot can move along the microchannel to a required position, and by changing the magnetic torque, the microrobot can also rotate in the microfluidic chip. As an application of the microrobot, it is used as a mobile micromixer to mix two solutions in the microfluidic chip, and the experimental results verify its effectiveness.
Collapse Risk of Buildings in the Pacific Northwest Region due to Subduction Earthquakes
Authors: Raghunandan Meera , Liel Abbie B. , Luco Nicolas
Published: November 2014

Subduction earthquakes similar to the 2011 Japan and 2010 Chile events will occur in the future in the Cascadia subduction zone in the Pacific Northwest. In this paper, nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out on 24 buildings designed according to outdated and modern building codes for the cities of Seattle, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. The results indicate that the median collapse capacity of the ductile (post-1970) buildings is approximately 40% less when subjected to ground motions from subduction, as compared to crustal earthquakes. Buildings are more susceptible to earthquake-induced collapse when shaken by subduction records (as compared to crustal records of the same intensity) because the subduction motions tend to be longer in duration due to their larger magnitude and the greater source-to-site distance. As a result, subduction earthquakes are shown to contribute to the majority of the collapse risk of the buildings analyzed.
Graded behavioral responses and habituation to sound in the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis
Authors: Samson Julia E. , Mooney T. Aran , Gussekloo Sander W.S. , Hanlon Roger T.
Published: November 2014

Sound is a widely available and vital cue in aquatic environments yet most bioacoustic research has focused on marine vertebrates, leaving sound detection in invertebrates poorly understood. Cephalopods are an ecologically key taxon that likely use sound and may be impacted by increasing anthropogenic ocean noise, but little is known regarding their behavioral responses or adaptations to sound stimuli. These experiments identify the acoustic range and levels that elicit a wide range of secondary defense behaviors such as inking, jetting, and rapid coloration change. Secondarily, it was found that cuttlefish habituate to certain sound stimuli. The present study examined the behavioral responses of 22 cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) to pure-tone pips ranging from 80-1000 Hz with sound pressure levels of 85–188 dB re 1 μPa rms and particle accelerations of 0-17.1 m.s-2. Cuttlefish escape responses (inking, jetting) were observed between frequencies of 80-300 Hz and at sound levels above 140 dB re 1 μPa rms and 0.01 m.s-2 (0.74 m.s-2 for inking responses). Body patterning changes and fin movements were observed at all frequencies and sound levels. Response intensity was dependent upon stimulus amplitude and frequency, suggesting that cuttlefish also possess loudness perception with a maximum sensitivity around 150 Hz. Cuttlefish habituated to repeated 200 Hz tone pips, at two sound intensities. Total response inhibition was not reached, however, and a basal response remained present in most animals. The graded responses provide a loudness sensitivity curve and suggest an ecological function for sound-use in cephalopods.
Neural-mesodermal progenitor interactions in pattern formation: an introduction to the collection
Authors: Kalcheim Chaya , Storey Kate G.
Published: November 2014

Mesodermal and spinal cord progenitors originate from common founder cells from which they segregate during development. Moreover, neural and mesodermal tissues closely interact during embryogenesis to ensure timely patterning and differentiation of both head and trunk structures. For instance, the fate and morphogenesis of neural progenitors is dependent on signals produced by mesodermal cells and vice-versa. While some of the cellular and molecular signals that mediate these interactions have been described, much more remains to be uncovered. The scope of this collection will cover these interactions between neural (CNS or PNS) and mesodermal progenitors in patterning body plans and specific body systems in vertebrate embryos. This includes, but is not limited to, interactions influencing the formation of body axes, neural tube formation, neural crest migration, gut development, muscle patterning and myogenesis.
Camels in Asia and North Africa: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on their Past and Present Significance
Authors: Bendrey Robin
Published: November 2014

Review of Camels in Asia and North Africa: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on their Past and Present Significance. Eva-Maria Knoll and Pamela Burger, eds. 2012. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press), Wien (Vienna). Pp. 298, 111 colour illustrations, 33 black-and-white illustrations. €45.00 (paperback). ISBN 9783700172444.
An Investigation on Temperature Distribution and Cooling Rate of ERW Pipes during TIG Welding
Authors: Bhattacharya Tathagata , Bandyopadhyay Asish , Pal Pradip Kumar
Published: November 2014

The present investigation deals with the determination of temperature profile and subsequent rates of cooling at certain points on the external surface along axis of an ERW pipe, during TIG welding. Two samples of different diameters of pipes of ASTM A 106 Gr. B, seamless type are selected for experimentation. The temperatures on the external surface at different locations on each of these seamless pipes (of different diameters) during welding have been measured with the help of digital pyrometers. The temperature variation along the axis of pipe from the weld arc has been presented. Thereafter, through separate analytical methods the temperature distribution across the external surface of the pipe for a given point heat source is theoretically calculated, and the results are compared with the previously found experimental values of temperatures. They are found to be well in agreement. Further, the rates of cooling of a pre-selected point on the pipe surface are experimentally and analytically determined under varying welding conditions and are compared likewise and are found to be in good agreement too.
Assessing metastasis risk after pre‐operative anti‐angiogenic therapy
Authors: Biziato Daniela , De Palma Michele
Published: November 2014

Anti‐angiogenic drugs are approved for the treatment of several cancer types, generally in the inoperable locally advanced or metastatic setting and in combination with other anti‐cancer agents. Recent clinical studies also suggest that anti‐angiogenic drugs can be useful in the pre‐operative (neoadjuvant) setting, by facilitating the shrinkage of the primary tumour and its surgical resection. However, the effects of neoadjuvant anti‐angiogenic therapy on the ability of tumours to form distant metastases are unclear. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Ebos et al () present carefully performed pre‐clinical studies in mice that analyse the effects of pre‐operative anti‐angiogenic therapy on tumour metastasis and survival.
Effects of moving experience practice on operating performance of a resort hotel
Authors: Cheng Jen-Son , Lin Hui-Yao
Published: November 2014

Tourism industry offers citizens travel services as well as provides employment opportunities and makes foreign exchange. Tourism industry for the global is similar to the economic development in a single country. Apparently, it plays a critical role in the future. With on-site questionnaire distribution and collection, customers of Caesar Park Hotel are sampled for the investigation. A total of 360 copies of questionnaires were distributed, and 257 valid copies were retrieved, with the retrieval rate of 71%. Each retrieved copy stands for a valid sample. SPSS is utilized for the data analysis and hypothesis test. The research results are concluded as below. 1. Moving Experience reveals partially positive effects on Efficiency in Operating Performance. 2. Moving Experience appears to have significantly positive effects on Growth in Operating Performance. 3. Moving Experience presents remarkably positive effects on Profitability in Operating Performance. 4. Population attributes show effects on the correlations between Moving Experience and Operating Performance.
Exploring the athlete’s sports learning effect based on leader-member exchange theory — college class A team of Taiwan as example
Authors: Lin Pai-Yeh , Hsieh Ching-Lung , Chang Chia-Liu , Hung Chih-Hsiang
Published: November 2014

Recently, since there has been more intense competition among teams or players, a team has to reconsider a new strategy for strengthening their competitive advantage. This study tries to explore the relationship among the relationship trust, relationship learning and sports learning effect, which chose Taiwan’s college class A team as subject to do empirical study. We adopted purposive sampling and delivered the questionnaire in a total of 1,000 copies. The duration was from October 1st to 10th of 2009. The valid samples amounted to 459, valid rate up to 45.9%. We used structural equation model (SEM) to test the model fitness and the hypotheses.The results show: (1) “specific assets”, “internal complexity”, “environmental uncertainty”, “communication” and “commitment“ can positively affect the “relationship learning”; (2) the hypothesis presuming “specific assets”, “communication” and “perceived satisfaction”, “commitment” and “dependency” can positively affect the “relationship trust” is supported. In addition, the hypothesis presuming“behavioral uncertainty” negatively affects the “relationship trust” is not supported. The both-sides negotiation based on common benefit is the main reason for behavior and record adjustment of coaches and players in a college class team. Thus, the possibility of distrust can be declined and the relationship between the “behavioral uncertainty” and “relationship trust” proves nonsignificant; (3) the hypotheses presuming the “relationship learning” and “relationship trust” can positively affect the “learning effect” and the “relationship trust” can positively affect “relationship learning” are both supported; (4) the hypothesis presuming the “higher degree of trust will decline positive effect of the relationship learning and learning effect” is not supported. The reason is that the coach and players have the common benefit and the team also establishes a good and completed motivation system; thus, it can reduce the potential problem whereby the traditional business partners generally filter the negative or critical information, even the opportunistic behavior. According to these results, we further provide recommendations and hope these could be a reference for the coach in real training; moreover, can they improve the effect of the whole training and achieve the goal.
Critical success factors for international travel fairs, using the Taipei International Travel Fair as an example
Authors: Chang I.-Ying
Published: November 2014

The travel industry has experienced operating difficulties because of the intense competition within the industry, difficulties in developing new products as well as the overly transparent and continuously increasing operating cost that reduces the profit margin. As a result, it is urgent that the business operating bottleneck be overcome and some strategies be implemented. These include dumping the conventional operating model, reducing basic operating costs, increasing the profit margin, and seeking alliances with companies from the same sector, relevant sectors, or even different sectors. In fact, exhibition and travel markets have originally been separate but with the booming of travel activities, more convenient transportation, greater accommodation and food options and the flourishing of local cultural attractions, the distinction between exhibition and travel has become less apparent. For the travel industry to compete for the market, providing simple travel-related services is no longer enough. Nowadays, travel agencies have to provide custom-tailored travel packages for companies or even pluralistic travel service consultations to attract clients. The study randomly sampled 500 subjects from the Taipei Travel Exhibition and asked them to complete a questionnaire. Of these, 342 valid responses were returned (68% response rate). The study found that the most emphasized aspects are the exhibition environment, followed by professional capacity, market demand, and the exhibition industry. The results of the survey clearly show that the environment is the most important aspect for holding an International Travel Fair. Of the 13 evaluation indicators, the top five most valued, in descending order, are software and hardware facilities, public relations and marketing, government’s planning policy, visibility, and knowledge and skills.
Effects of tourism image and experiential value on revisit intention in tourism industry
Authors: Chang Angela
Published: November 2014

Food, clothing, housing, transport and amusement are the necessities of a modern life, in which amusement is even a key element for modern people. Tourism, as the dynamic activity of amusement, allows people to experience a colorful life and tourist spots to acquire economic benefits. For this reason, the effects of Tourism Image and Experiential Value on Revisit Intention in tourism industry are studied. Aiming at the visitors to Yushan National Park, a total of 500 copies of questionnaires were distributed. Having deducted invalid and incomplete ones, 327 valid copies were retrieved, with the retrieval rate of 65%. The research results show the significant correlations between 1. Tourism Image and Experiential Value, 2. Experiential Value and Revisit Intention, and 3. Tourism Image and Revisit Intention and 4. Moderating effects of Experiential Value on the correlations between Tourism Image and Revisit Intention.
Why Chinese central bank should focus on headline inflation
Authors: Su Zhifang
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we explore the change in short-term headline-core inflation dynamic relationship using threshold error correction model, and explain why the Chinese central bank should focus on headline inflation when conducting monetary policy. The results find that: (1) the deviation between core and headline inflation is eliminated mainly through reverting core inflation to headline inflation in high inflation period, indicating that headline inflation catches the long-term trend of inflation much better than core inflation does; (2) movements in food price have become a significant source of public’s inflation expectations and food inflation persistence is increasing, reflecting that the rising food price may not have been a transient phenomenon but has become a part of the long-term trend of inflation. The above conclusions imply Chinese central bank should not implement the monetary policy based on core inflation excluding food price but should make a certain response to the surging food price.
Tree diversity modifies distance‐dependent effects on seedling emergence but not plant–soil feedbacks of temperate trees
Authors: Wurst Susanne , Kaiser Nina , Nitzsche Susann , Haase Josephine , Auge Harald , Rillig Matthias C. , Powell Jeff R.
Published: November 2014

Negative plant–soil feedbacks can impair seedling survival near conspecific trees and may enhance forest diversity. However, the reciprocal aspect of this relationship, the influence of tree diversity on the strengths of plant–soil feedbacks is unknown. We examined whether tree diversity can affect plant–soil feedbacks of two common temperate tree species, beech (Fagus sylvatica) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Soils were collected from adjacent to beech and oak trees growing in a manipulative tree diversity field experiment and used as inocula in a greenhouse experiment to determine whether increasing tree diversity could moderate the strengths of plant–soil feedbacks. We also compared plant–soil feedback responses between Q. petraea and F. sylvatica to test the hypothesis that stronger negative feedbacks contribute to the relative rarity of Q. petraea. Negative plant–soil feedbacks on seedling emergence were observed for both tree species. Emergence increased with increasing distance of the soil inocula from established trees in the field, but only for inocula taken from the low‐diversity treatment (monocultures) and irrespective of the inoculum source (i.e., from conspecific vs. heterospecific trees). In contrast, tree diversity had no influence on the biomass responses of seedlings for either tree species. Quercus petraea seedlings experienced negative plant–soil feedbacks in their biomass responses which cascaded up to higher trophic levels, i.e., leaf pathogen infection. Fagus sylvatica biomass responses suggested positive plant–soil feedbacks, supporting the hypothesis that the abundance of this species is less limited by interactions with natural enemies. Our results suggest that distance‐dependent seedling emergence in temperate forests may depend on the diversity of tree communities and that plant–soil feedbacks may cascade up to higher trophic levels and change with the life history stage of the seedlings involved. An increased focus on the surrounding communities would help to judge the importance and context‐dependency of plant–soil feedbacks as a mechanism for stabilizing forest diversity.
Acute Compartment Syndrome in the Forearm with Extensor and Flexor Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Suzuki Taku , Takeda Kazuki , Iwamoto Takuji , Sato Kazuki , Nakamura Toshiyasu , Yoshida Hirobumi
Published: November 2014

Case:

While working in a factory, a thirty-five-year-old man injured his right forearm and was then diagnosed with acute compartment syndrome. Ruptures of the flexor and extensor tendons were revealed via single volar and dorsal incisions. End-to-side transfer with use of the remaining extensor tendons was performed; the end of the extensor indicis proprius tendon was sutured to the side of the extensor digitorum communis tendon of the middle finger, and the extensor pollicis longus tendon was sutured to the extensor pollicis brevis tendon.

Conclusion:

In cases of high-energy injuries, associated tendon rupture should be considered.
Fourier spectra of measures associated with algorithmically random Brownian motion
Authors: Fouché Willem Louw , Mukeru Safari , Davie George
Published: November 2014

In this paper we study the behaviour at infinity of the Fourier transform of
Radon measures supported by the images of fractal sets under an algorithmically
random Brownian motion. We show that, under some computability conditions on
these sets, the Fourier transform of the associated measures have, relative to
the Hausdorff dimensions of these sets, optimal asymptotic decay at infinity.
The argument relies heavily on a direct characterisation, due to Asarin and
Pokrovskii, of algorithmically random Brownian motion in terms of the prefix
free Kolmogorov complexity of finite binary sequences. The study also
necessitates a closer look at the potential theory over fractals from a
computable point of view.
Constructing categories and setoids of setoids in type theory
Authors: Palmgren Erik , Wilander Olov
Published: November 2014

In this paper we consider the problem of building rich categories of setoids,
in standard intensional Martin-L\"of type theory (MLTT), and in particular how
to handle the problem of equality on objects in this context. Any
(proof-irrelevant) family F of setoids over a setoid A gives rise to a category
C(A, F) of setoids with objects A. We may regard the family F as a setoid of
setoids, and a crucial issue in this article is to construct rich or large
enough such families. Depending on closure conditions of F, the category C(A,
F) has corresponding categorical constructions. We exemplify this with finite
limits. A very large family F may be obtained from Aczel's model construction
of CZF in type theory. It is proved that the category so obtained is isomorphic
to the internal category of sets in this model. Set theory can thus establish
(categorical) properties of C(A, F) which may be used in type theory. We also
show that Aczel's model construction may be extended to include the elements of
any setoid as atoms or urelements. As a byproduct we obtain a natural extension
of CZF, adding atoms. This extension, CZFU, is validated by the extended model.
The main theorems of the paper have been checked in the proof assistant Coq
which is based on MLTT. A possible application of this development is to
integrate set-theoretic and type-theoretic reasoning in proof assistants.
Reductions to the set of random strings: The resource-bounded case
Authors: Allender Eric , Buhrman Harry , Friedman Luke , Loff Bruno
Published: November 2014

This paper is motivated by a conjecture that BPP can be characterized in
terms of polynomial-time nonadaptive reductions to the set of Kolmogorov-random
strings. In this paper we show that an approach laid out in [Allender et al] to
settle this conjecture cannot succeed without significant alteration, but that
it does bear fruit if we consider time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity instead.
We show that if a set A is reducible in polynomial time to the set of
time-t-bounded Kolmogorov random strings (for all large enough time bounds t),
then A is in P/poly, and that if in addition such a reduction exists for any
universal Turing machine one uses in the definition of Kolmogorov complexity,
then A is in PSPACE.
Finite state verifiers with constant randomness
Authors: Say Cem , Yakaryilmaz Abuzer
Published: November 2014

We give a new characterization of $\mathsf{NL}$ as the class of languages
whose members have certificates that can be verified with small error in
polynomial time by finite state machines that use a constant number of random
bits, as opposed to its conventional description in terms of deterministic
logarithmic-space verifiers. It turns out that allowing two-way interaction
with the prover does not change the class of verifiable languages, and that no
polynomially bounded amount of randomness is useful for constant-memory
computers when used as language recognizers, or public-coin verifiers. A
corollary of our main result is that the class of outcome problems
corresponding to O(log n)-space bounded games of incomplete information where
the universal player is allowed a constant number of moves equals NL.