bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schisandrin B alleviates LPS induced mitochondrial damage in C28I2 cells
Authors: Hu Fei , Hu Wenjie , Xu Hongming
Published: September 2023

Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease characterized by damage to the joint cartilage that occurs throughout the entire joint tissue. This damage primarily manifests as pain in the affected area. In clinical practice, medication is commonly used to relieve pain, but the treatment’s effectiveness is poor and recurrent attacks are likely. Schisandrin B is the most abundant biphenylcyclohexene lignan found in the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, and it possesses various pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of Schisandrin B on mitochondrial damage in osteoarthritis (C28I2 cells) under an inflammatory environment induced by LPS. Cell proliferation and activity, scratch tests, and LDH release tests are utilized to assess cell growth and migration ability. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation and apoptosis proteins. The Western Blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion and division proteins. The JC-1 assay was used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial fluorescence probe assay was used to detect mitochondrial activity. Through research, it was found that Schisandrin B promotes the proliferation, growth, and migration of C28I2 cells, reduces apoptosis of C28I2 cells, balances mitochondrial fusion and division, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotes mitochondrial activity in an LPS-induced inflammatory environment.
Some like it (very) hot: the effects of climate change on nesting distribution of green turtles in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mancino Chiara , Hochscheid Sandra , Maiorano Luigi
Published: September 2023

Climate change is reshaping global ecosystems at an unprecedented rate, with major impacts on biodiversity. Therefore, understanding how organisms can withstand change is key to identify priority conservation objectives. Marine ectotherms are being extremely impacted because their biology and phenology are directly related to temperature. Among these species, sea turtles are particularly problematic because they roam over both marine and terrestrial habitats throughout their life cycles. Focusing on green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Mediterranean Sea, we investigated the future potential changes of nesting grounds through time. We modeled the current distribution of nesting grounds including both terrestrial and marine variables, and we projected the potential nesting distribution across the Mediterranean basin under alternative future greenhouse gas emission scenario (2000–2100). Our models show an increase in nesting probability in the western Mediterranean Sea, irrespective of the climate scenario we consider. Contrary to what is found in most global change studies, the worse the climate change scenario, the more suitable areas for green turtles will potentially increase. The most important predictors were anthropogenic variables, which negatively affect nesting probability, and sea surface temperature, positively linked to nesting probability, up to a maximum of 24–25°C. The importance of the western Mediterranean beaches as potential nesting areas for sea turtles in the near future clearly call for a proactive conservation and management effort, focusing on monitoring actions (to document the potential range expansion) and threat detection.
Analyzing a full season of training load monitoring based on distance in Iranian Premier League Soccer players
Authors: Farhani Farid , Gharakhanlou Reza , Aghaalineghad Hamid , Amani-Shalamzari Sadegh
Published: September 2023

The present study was designed to investigate two aspects. Firstly, analysis of variations in acute load, chronic load, acute-chronic load ratio, monotony, and training strain during the preseason (PS), first and second half of the season (1st HS, 2nd HS). Secondly, comparing these indicators of training load in players' positions. Twenty-two elite soccer players from the Premier League of Iran (age: 27.2 4.5 years, professional experience: 6.2 4.3 years) were involved in this study. Players were monitored daily for 45 weeks through an 18 Hz global positioning system (GPS), to gather data on distance running (total running), distance running at 14 km/h (moderate intensity running), and distance running at a speed above 19.8 km/h (high-intensity running). One-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test to analyze data. The pre-season has a significantly higher amount of acute load, chronic load, monotony and training strain, total running, and moderate-intensity running than the first half (p < 0.05) and the second half (p < 0.05). When comparing these training load indicators for high-intensity running, a significant difference was only observed between the PS and the 2nd HS (p 0.05, moderate ES). Also, no significant differences were observed between positions in total running and moderate intensity running. However, training load indices based on high-intensity running between positions showed external defenders vs center backs (p < 0.05), midfielders (p < 0.05) and strikers (p < 0.05) were significantly different. Furthermore, wingers had a significant difference in high-intensity running compared to central defenders (p < 0.05) and midfielders (p < 0.05). To conclude, this study demonstrated that acute load, chronic load, monotony, and training strain were more prevalent in the pre-season and slowly decreased during the season. External defenders and wingers experienced more acute load, chronic load, monotony, and training strain for high-intensity running during the season compared to other positions. Therefore, the results indicate that pre-season had a higher physical load than competition season, and players' positions experienced varying physical loads.
Mickelsson algebras via Hasse diagrams
Authors: Mudrov Andrey , Stukopin Vladimir
Published: September 2023

Let A be an associative algebra containing either classical or quantum universal enveloping algebra of a semi-simple complex Lie algebra g. We present a construction of the Mickelsson algebra Z(A, g) relative to the left ideal in A generated by positive root vectors. Our method employs a calculus on Hasse diagrams associated with classical or quantum g-modules. We give an explicit expression for a PBW basis in Z(A, g) in the case when A = U (a) of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra a ⊃ g. For A = U q (a) and g the commutant of a Levi subalgebra in a, we construct a PBW basis in terms of quantum Lax operators, upon extension of the ground ring of scalars to C[[ℏ]].
AMS classification codes: 17B10, 17B37.-
A detailed analysis of mixture stratification on flame displacement speed for syngas combustion
Authors: Patil Rahul , Sreedh Sheshadri
Published: September 2023

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines can provide higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions compared to conventional combustion techniques. The direct charge injection near the ignition source forms compositional stratification inside the combustion chamber. Compositional stratification inside the combustion chamber opens possibilities for ultra-lean and low-temperature combustion. In this paper, a 2D direct numerical simulation (DNS) has been performed to investigate the propagation of syngas flame in an equivalence ratio stratified medium. A spherically expanding flame has been initiated with a hotspot at the center of the domain. An open-source PENCIL code [Babkovskaia, 2011] is used to analyse the effect of stratification by simulating cases with varying integral scales of mixing (lϕ) and fluctuations of equivalence ratio (ϕ´). Effects of differential diffusion of species on flame propagation have also been examined by comparing results with cases with unity Lewis number (Le=1). The results show that with an increase in lϕ, flame propagation shows a non-monotonic behavior. With an increase in lϕ, the flame speed and extent of burning increase first and then decrease. With an increase in ϕ´, the flame speed and extent of burning decreased consistently. The peak reaction rate of fuel species is also observed to be shifted to a higher reaction progress variable (c) with increased stratification. The effect of stratification and differential diffusion has been analysed for four identified components of flame displacement speed (Sd) viz. reaction (Sr), normal diffusion (Sn), tangential (St), and inhomogeneity (Sz). Sr and Sn are observed to be major contributors to Sd. The magnitude of Sr shows reductions with an increase in stratification. In comparison, Sn does not show significant change with increased stratification. The variation of the contribution of chemical reactions to heat release rate with stratification is also analysed in this study. The results show that shifting of peak reaction rate of fuel species to higher c values results in variation in heat release rate contribution for chemical reactions.
Application of single mesh repair for bilateral inguinal hernia in Posterior sheath posterior approach single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair.
Authors: Zhang Yizhong , Ye Lebin , Chen junjie , Tang Jiansong , Wang Zhuoyin
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of single mesh repair in the posterior sheath-posterior approach single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair (SIL-TEP) for bilateral inguinal hernia (BIH). We collected the relevant clinical data of 33 patients with BIH who underwent SIL-TEP via posterior sheath with a single mesh from May 2020 to July 2021, and analyzed the intraoperative and postoperative data. We evaluated the operation time, 24h postoperative visual analogue scale, intraoperative and postoperative complications of this group of patients. The results showed that 33 cases with BIH were successfully repaired in posterior sheath-posterior approach SIL-TEP without vascular or intestinal damage. All patients were followed up for 21 to 36 months, and no incision or mesh infection, recurrence or chronic pain occurred. We concluded that the transumbilical SIL-TEP repair of BIH with a single mesh through the posterior sheath-posterior is a safe and feasible procedure that has a cost-effectiveness advantage and deserves to be recommended.
Aggregate aggrephagy regulator patterns guide intercellular communication of tumor microenvironment that contribute to gastric cancer progression and immunotherapy
Authors: Wei Chen , Zhang Qi , Ma Yichao , Liu Zhu , Ji Hao , Wang Fei , Liao Yiqun , Tang Dong
Published: September 2023

Background
Aggregate autophagy plays a key role in cancer progression; however, how aggregate autophagy plays a role in tumor microenvironment (TME) remains to be elucidated.
Methods
30571 single cells from the single-cell RNA-seq data of 13 gastric cancer (GC) specimens were analyzed by nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to find out the effects of 44 aggregate autophagy-related genes on major TME cells. The prognosis and immune response of TME clusters were determined using GC and immunotherapy cohorts from the public information base.
Results
Single-cell sequencing revealed that aggregate autophagy may be closely related to the clinical and biological characteristics of GC and the pseudo-time trajectories of major TME cell types. At the same time, NMF algorithm combined with Bulk-seq analysis to cluster cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), T cells and B cells, revealing that clusters regulated by different aggregates of autophagy-related genes have significant prognostic value in metabolism, prognosis and immune response in patients with gastric cancer. Finally, CellChat analysis showed that the aggregate autophagy-related cell subtypes of TME cells showed diversified and extensive interaction with tumor epithelial cells, and ligand-receptor pairs such as SPP1-CD44,MIF-CD74-CD44,MIF-CD74-CXCR4 mediated the communication between aggregate autophagy-related subtypes of TME cells and tumor epithelial cells.
Conclusion
Our study reveals for the first time that the tumor microenvironment mediated by aggregate autophagy regulates the intercellular communication in the process of GC development and anti-tumor immunoregulation.
MHD simulation of an externally driven magnetic reconnection.
Authors: Sarkhosh Masom , Hosseinpour Mahboub , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2023

Using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we investigate the onset and growth of an instability associated with forced magnetic reconnection phenomenon in the well-known equilibrium structure of the Harris current sheet in the presence of a plasma resistivity. To derive externally the magnetic reconnection process, we perturb the plasma velocity close to the boundaries in the form of two localized pulses. The results show that these pulses propagate towards the current sheet, where the magnetic field changes its direction, generate perturbed magnetic field consequently and trigger the magnetic reconnection phenomenon in an X-point in the center of the current sheet. We realized that increasing the amplitude of pulses results in a faster reconnection and symmetric pulses are more efficient in deriving the reconnection process. Furthermore, by imposing a transient (time-dependent) MHD wave normal to the current sheet, we found that an MHD wave with a larger period (lower frequency) affects considerably on the topology of current sheet and excites a faster reconnection. A similar conclusion was also obtained for an MHD wave with a larger wavelength (lower wavenumber). The obtained results are of interest for understanding the interaction of an MHD wave with an equilibrium current sheet in the contexts of confined fusion plasmas and also the solar corona plasmas.
Classifier Comparison for Stroke Prediction Ensembling SMOTE+ENN using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: K Poorani , M Karuppasamy , M Jansi Rani , M Prabha
Published: September 2023

Stroke is one of the deadliest diseases found in the world which is the second major reason for mortality rate. Early detection of stroke can reduce the mortality due to stroke. Inorder to diagnose it earlier several machine learning techniques are being utilized. This proves that machine learning can also be used for disease prediction for various diseases. Supervised machine learning algorithms has been used for stroke prediction. Important feature responsible for stroke prediction has been done. Inorder to balance the dataset hybrid sampling technique of SMOTE + ENN has been performed so that the results are much appreciable. After sampling, machine learning models has been used for stroke prediction using Logistic Regression (LR), KNearest Neighbour (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Classifier (SVC) and Random Forest (RF). With all the models Random Forest achieved higher performance with accuracy of 99%, recall of 100%, precision of 98% and f-score of 99%. The proposed work also extends the use of different classifiers like Voting, Bagging and Stacking methods. Among all the proposed classifiers stacking provides higher performance with all metrics. The stacking classifer achieved accuracy of 100%, recall of 100%, precision of 99% and f-score of 100%. From the results, it is known that Random forest algorithm perform better with data sampling of SMOTE + ENN than other models.
Movie-RNET: Best of Best Movie Recommendation via Deep Learning Networks from Multi-Format Data
Authors: Aramuthakannan S , Ahilan A , Jayapriya P , Rajakumar S
Published: September 2023

Recommendation systems are desperately needed because of the large volume of information generated by the ever-growing use of social networks and the Internet. A recommendation system is essential since exploring the large collection can be time-consuming and difficult. In this research, a novel deep learning-based MovieRNet for best of best movie recommendation system using multi-format data has been proposed. Initially, the multiformat data such as reviews, emoji and trailer are gathered and pre-processed the reviews, emojis using normalization. The trailer videos are converted into frames and pre-processed using contrast stretching adaptive Gaussian Star filter for eliminating the noise artifacts. Pre-processed text is used as an input for BiGRU, which uses reviews to categorise films as offensive, non-offensive, or offensive but non-offensive. Pre-processed images are used as an input for Yolo v7, which uses features extracted from the movie trailer to categorise films as violent and non-violent. Pre-processed text is used as an input for BiGRU, which uses reviews to categorise films as offensive, non-offensive, or offensive but non-offensive. Pre-processed images are used as an input for Yolo v7, which uses features extracted from the movie trailer to categorise films as violent and non-violent. Jelly fish optimization algorithm is used for decision making by analyzing the outputs of the two neural networks to get the optimal prediction rate for time-to-time by updating the user profile with past references of the users. Recall, accuracy, specificity, precision, and F-measure were some of the criteria used to evaluate the proposed technique. The accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 9.6%, 7.8%, 3.5%, and 2.15% better than the existing LSTM-CNN, SRDNet, VRConvMF and SDLM methods respectively.
Streptomyces chenzhouensis sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium from the root tissue of Cathaya argyrophylla
Authors: Mo Ping , Wu Can , Han Ruonan , Chen Zhongyuan , Luo Yushuang , Xie Peng , Li Li , Wang Yun
Published: September 2023

An endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain HUAS 5T, was isolated from the root tissue of Cathaya argyrophylla collected in Chenzhou city of Hunan Province, PR China. This strain produced grey aerial mycelium that differentiated into spiral spore chains with smooth-surfaced round or oval spores on Gause's synthetic No. 1 medium. Strain HUAS 5T grew well on Gause's synthetic No. 1, Reasoner'2 and ISP serial media. This strain grew at 15–40°C (optimum, 28°C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and in presence of 0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain HUAS 5T (> 5.0%) were iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, iso H-C16:1 and Sum in Feature 3 (C16:1 ω7C/C16:1 ω6C). Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Streptomyces and exhibited highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces hirsutus NRRL B-2713T (97.3%), which is much less than 98.7% cut-off point of species definitions for bacteria and archaea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain HUAS 5T formed an independent lineage, which suggested that it belonged to a potential novel species. Based on the morphological, cultural, physio-biochemical properties and chemotaxonomy, strain HUAS 5T (= MCCC 1K08552T = JCM 36055T) is deemed to represent a novel Streptomyces species, for which we put forward the name Streptomyces chenzhouensis sp. nov.
RETRACTED: Exploring seaweed fermentation as a sustainable approach for enhancing the nutritional quality of bioengineered aquafeed and its assessment in the culture of Oreochromis urolepis
Authors: Kurian Christine , Paari Kuppusamy Alagesan
Published: September 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Quantifying Fat Zonation in Liver Lobules: An IntegratedMultiscale In-silico Model Combining DisturbedMicroperfusion and Fat Metabolism via aContinuum-Biomechanical Bi-scale, Tri-phasic Approach
Authors: Lambers Lena , Waschinsky Navina , Schleicher Jana , König Matthias , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Albadry Mohamed , Dahmen Uta , Ricken Tim
Published: September 2023

Metabolic zonation refers to the spatial separation of metabolic functions along thesinusoidal axes of the liver. This phenomenon forms the foundation for adjusting hepaticmetabolism to physiological requirements in health and disease (e.g. metabolicdysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/ MASLD). Zonated metabolic functions areinfluenced by zonal morphological abnormalities in the liver, such as periportal fibrosisand pericentral steatosis. We aim to analyze the interplay between microperfusion,oxygen gradient, fat metabolism and resulting zonated fat accumulation in a liver lobule.Therefore we developed a continuum-biomechanical, tri-phasic, bi-scale, and multicomponent insilicomodel, which allows to numerically simulate coupled perfusion-function-growth interactionstwo-dimensionally in liver lobules. The developed homogenized model has the following specifications:i) thermodynamically consistent, ii) tri-phase model (tissue, fat, blood), iii) penta-substances(glycogen, glucose, lactate, FFA, oxygen), and iv) bi-scale approach (lobule, cell). Our presentedin-silico model accounts for the mutual coupling between spatial and time-dependent liver perfusion,metabolic pathways and fat accumulation. The model thus allows the prediction of fatdevelopment in the liver lobule, depending on perfusion, oxygen and plasma concentration offree fatty acids (FFA), oxidative processes, the synthesis and the secretion of triglycerides (TGs).The use of a bi-scale approach allows in addition to focus on scale bridging processes. Thus,we will investigate how changes at the cellular scale affect perfusion at the lobular scale andvice versa. This allows to predict the zonation of fat distribution (periportal or pericentral)depending on initial conditions, as well as external and internal boundary value conditions.
When capital region divide comes along with country democratization: trends in French spatial inequality over the past 50 years.
Authors: Bonnet Florian
Published: September 2023

The 2019 widespread protests have brought back the issue of territorial inequalities in France. Following these debates, this paper analyses the evolution of income inequalities between French departments over the past 50 years. It highlights the dramatic rise in inequality within the capital region, which have tripled since the end of the 1960s and have increased ninefold since the early 1980s. This evolution contrasts with the sharp decline in regional inequality observed in the whole country (60%). Using an original dataset providing regional income distributions, this paper shows that this increase within the capital region is largely due to the polarisation of the top income households. In 2019, the income of a Top 1% household in the city of Paris equals 113 years of income of a Bottom 50% household in the suburban department of Seine-Saint-Denis. These evolutions raise questions about the national social cohesion and the likelihood of social conflicts in France.
JEL: R11 – R12.
Identification of TNFRSF21 as an inhibitory factor of osteosarcoma based on a necroptosis-related prognostic gene signature and molecular experiments
Authors: Li Xiang , Sun Zhenqian , Ma Jinlong , Yang Miaomiao , Cao Hongxin , Jiao Guangjun
Published: September 2023

Background
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors with bad prognosis. Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death. Recent studies showed that targeting necroptosis was a new promising approach for tumor therapy. This study aimed to establish a necroptosis-related gene signature to evaluated prognosis and explore the relationship between necroptosis and osteosarcoma.
Methods
Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used for developing the signature and the derived necroptosis score (NS). Data from Gene Expression Omnibus served as validation. Principal component analysis (PCA), Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to assess the performance of signature. The association between the NS and osteosarcoma was analyzed via gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis and Pearson test. Single-cell data was used for further exploration. Among the genes that constituted the signature, the role of TNFRSF21 in osteosarcoma was unclear. Molecular experiments were used to explore TNFRSF21 function.
Results
Our data revealed that lower NS indicated more active necroptosis in osteosarcoma. Patients with lower NS had a better prognosis. PCA and ROC curves demonstrated NS was effective to predict prognostic. NS was negatively associated with immune infiltration levels and tumor microenvironment scores and positively associated with tumor purity and stemness index. Single-cell data showed necroptosis heterogeneity in osteosarcoma. The cell communication pattern of malignant cells with high NS was positively correlation with tumor progression. The expression of TNFRSF21 was down-regulated in osteosarcoma cell lines. Overexpression of TNFRSF21 inhibited proliferation and motility of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanically, TNFRSF21 upregulated the phosphorylation levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL to promote necroptosis in osteosarcoma.
Conclusions
The necroptosis prognostic signature and NS established in this study could be used as an independent prognostic factor. And TNFRSF21 may be a necroptosis target in osteosarcoma therapy.
Collective Behavior based Slime Mold Optimization with application to UAV Energy conversion device analysis
Authors: Verma Monika , Sreej Mini , Singh Madhusudan , NA NA , NA NA
Published: September 2023

As an extensively used traction component of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), outer-rotor-permanent- magnet-synchronous-motor with inner-periphery-inset- magnet structure (OR-PMSM-IPIM) has eminent advantages with respect to its electromagnetic performance. In order to achieve light weight, high efficiency, efficient speed-torque and low turbulence in UAV, a novel method for optimizing design parameters of OR-PMSM-IPIM is proposed in this paper. A modified slime mold inspired optimization (SMO) algorithm is designed by introducing its collective behavior and swarm intelligence in the environment. In order to avoid collapsing for local optimal spots and enhance diversity in the population, the modified framework of SMO is proposed in this work by introducing complex group interaction patterns in the traditional SMO algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness and convergence speed of proposed methodology, few comparative experiments are administered. The application of proposed method is tested by developing design-parameter-optimization (DPO) problem for OR-PMSM-IPIM. The analysis results show that the performance of optimized model of OR-PMSM-IPIM has been improved through proposed SMO design optimization.
IoT Device Identification Based on Network Traffic
Authors: Gu Dinglin , Zhang Jian , Tang Zhangguo , Li Qizhen , Zhu Min , Yan Hao , Li Huanzhou
Published: September 2023

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the widespread deployment and heterogeneity of IoT devices bring new challenges to device identification. For network administrators, understanding the IoT devices connected to the network is very important. However, there are still some issues with existing IoT device identification methods, including the dependence on a large number of features, vulnerable features (such as IP addresses), and payloads. In response to these issues, an IoT device identification method based on network traffic is proposed in this paper. The method utilizes network traffic data of IoT devices over a short period of time, extracts protocol statistical features and flow-level statistical features, and thus achieves the identification of IoT device categories and device types. The proposed method was evaluated on two publicly available datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method has superiority and can accurately and effectively identify devices.
Reuse of sun mushroom post-harvest areas as an alternative to maize cropping
Authors: Alves Lucas da Silva , Iossi Matheus Rodrigo , Caitano Cinthia Elen Cardoso , Júnior Wagner Gonçalves Vieira , Heinrichs Reges , Pardo-Giménez Arturo , Zied Diego Cunha
Published: September 2023

The reuse of sun mushroom post-harvest areas (SMS) presents an innovative alternative for smallholders seeking to move away from conventional maize cropping systems and reduce their reliance on synthetic fertilizers. This study evaluated the growth of two successive maize crops in post-harvest areas while assessing drivers of yields and soil/leaf macronutrient composition. Four management practices were carried out: SMS, without the application of synthetic fertilization; SMS + S, with the application of synthetic fertilization recommended at sowing; SMS + S + TD, with the application of synthetic fertilization at sowing and topdressing; and Control, a common area with the application of synthetic fertilization. Agronomic aspects and macronutrients soil and leaf contents were evaluated in two successive maize crops in post-harvest areas. Different management practices adopted in the sun mushroom post-harvest areas did not significantly differ between yields in the first crop. SMS provided an increase in P, Ca, and Mg in the soil for the first crop and an increase in P and Ca for the second crop, indicating mineralization of the SMS. Nevertheless, the macronutrient content was reduced in the successive crops without sowing and topdressing fertilization (SMS + S + TD), indicating a dependence on synthetic fertilizers in intensified systems. Despite a nutritional limitation of the Ca: Mg/K ratio, SMS results in a maize yield comparable to the control in the first crop. The application of N in these areas was crucial for the second crop.
Bioinformatics Prediction and Experimental Verification Confirm SCD as a Prognostic Factor in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Shuai , Mei Jingchang , Yao Yu , Sun Lijiang , Zhang Guiming
Published: September 2023

Background
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a key enzyme required for the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and catalyzes the D (9)-cis desaturation of various fatty acyl-CoA substrates. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of SCD in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and several types of cancers through TCGA database.
Materials and methods
Genomic data and clinical information of patients were obtained from the TCGA database and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The relationships between clinicopathologic factors and SCD expression were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the mechanism of SCD.
Results
We observed that SCD was highly expressed in chRCC and several types of cancers, and SCD expression was associated with poor prognosis in chRCC. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SCD was highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with para-cancer normal tissues. GSEA showed that asthma, graft versus host disease, allograft rejection, primary immunodeficiency, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules (CAMS), and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were enriched in the SCD low expression group.
Conclusion
Overall, SCD was a reliable prognostic biomarker for chRCC. Moreover, the signature had significant potential for assessing the biological mechanism of tumors and providing individualized treatment.
Reduction in D-dimer Levels After Treatment with Auxora in Patients with Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia Reflects Endothelial Stabilization
Authors: Hou Peter C. , Miller Joseph , Bruen Charles , Youssef Fady , Schnaus Michael J. , Brouillette Kathyrn , Mendoza-Ayala Raul , Zhang Jeffrey , Stauderman Kenneth , Hebbar Sudarshan
Published: September 2023

Background
Auxora, a calcium release-activated channel (CRAC) inhibitor, was demonstrated to improve recovery and decrease mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia initially in an open-label trial and then in CARDEA, a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In the open-label trial, treatment with Auxora was noted to be associated with a decrease in D-Dimer levels. To confirm these findings, blood samples were collected in CARDEA and tested for D-dimer levels. In a subset of patients, additional biomarkers were assessed to elucidate a potential mechanism of action of Auxora in decreasing D-dimer levels.

Methods
In patients enrolled in CARDEA, blood samples were collected prior to randomization and again at 72 hours after the start of the first infusion of Auxora for testing of D-dimer levels. In patients who consented for additional biomarker testing, blood samples were collected prior to randomization and again at 96 hours for testing of Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, renin, and sCD25 levels.

Results
The baseline mean D-dimer level in the Auxora group was 2.61 mg/L and in the placebo group 2.05 mg/L. Patients treated with Auxora had a significant decrease in D-dimer levels within the first 72 hours compared to those treated with placebo. The difference was -0.92 (95% CI: -1.82, -0.02; P<0.0460). The decrease in D-dimer levels correlated with an increase in imputed PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) at 72 hours (r: -0.193; P<0.05) which in turn correlated with improved clinical outcomes at 168 hours (r: 0.218, P<0.01). Additional biomarker testing demonstrated that treatment with Auxora reduced levels of Angiopoietin-2 and sCD25 and increased Angiopoietin-1 levels at 96 hours.

Conclusion
In patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, Auxora reduced D-dimer levels which correlated with improved oxygenation and clinical outcomes. In addition, Auxora appears to have decreased endothelial activation through a reduction in systemic inflammation and likely had a direct effect on endothelium stabilization.
This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04345614.
A new definition of generalization of the factorial function with new results about the gamma of negative integers
Authors: Hussein Mohammed
Published: September 2023

The gamma function is a mathematical function that generalizes the concept of factorial to real and complex numbers. While the gamma function is a powerful tool in mathematics, it does have certain limitations and potential issues for example,
· Non-integer values: The gamma function is not defined for negative integers, this limitation can be problematic in certain contexts where negative integer values are involved.
· Pole at zero: The gamma function has a pole at zero, which means it is undefined at this point. This can pose challenges when working with functions or equations that involve the gamma function near or at zero.
· Computational complexity: Computing the gamma function numerically can be computationally expensive and time-consuming, especially for large or complex arguments.
In this study, we have addressed the aforementioned issues by proposing a new definition for generalizing the factorial function, which serves as an alternative definition of the gamma function. This new definition is formulated based on the utilization of the differential operator. The resulting definition stands out for its simplicity and effectiveness in computing real numbers, including non-positive integers. Moreover, our research has yielded fresh insights into the gamma function's behavior with respect to non-positive integers, potentially leading to a transformative approach in employing fractional differential and integral equations to describe a wide range of cosmic phenomena.
Exchange Transfusion combined with Artesunate (ET-AS) as a safe and effective Therapy in Severe P. falciparum Malaria: A retrospective case series
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Chen Lulu , Zhang Min , Yao Mingkang , Ren Saisai , Liu Haihui , Min Yanan , Jia Yan , Tao Yanling , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2023

Background. The mortality associated with severe P. falciparum malaria remains high despite improvements in malaria management. This study aims to observe the efficacy and safety of the ET-AS regimen in severe P. falciparum malaria.
Methods. Eight patients diagnosed with severe P. falciparum malaria were enrolled. All patients underwent ET using the COBE Spectra system. The aimed for a post-exchange hematocrit of 30%. Half the estimated blood volume was removed and replaced using fresh frozen plasma.
Results. The regimen was well-tolerated without complications. The median parasite clearance time was 2.5 days. Five patients with cerebral malaria exhibited improved consciousness within 3 days. There was observed improvement in a patient presenting with hemolysis on Day 2. The median time of improved liver and renal function was 1.5 days and 10 days. The median length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital treatments was 3 days and 6 days.
Conclusions. ET-AS improved the clinical picture and reduce the duration of hospitalization and ICU stays. These preliminary clinical data are valuable to practitioners and provide a basis for a randomized controlled trial of this therapy.
A UNET++ and CoGAN-based method to remove face masks from the masked faces
Authors: Kumar Akhil , Gupta Divyam , Kaushal Manisha , Sharma Akashdeep
Published: September 2023

Image-to-image translation emerges as a significant utility of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CoGANs). This research introduces a fresh application of conditional GANs, aiming to uncover hidden facial attributes. Our methodology involves enhancing the Pix2Pix GAN framework through the integration of a modified UNET + + architecture, which serves as an inventive generator model. In this setup, the Pix2Pix model employs a PatchGAN architecture within the discriminator, producing an activation map with values utilized to authenticate depicted faces. Through the incorporation of the UNET + + architecture into the generator, we effectively narrow down the semantic gap between the encoder and decoder feature maps. This strategic adjustment results in a noticeable enhancement in gradient flow. To gauge the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conducted experiments on a bespoke dataset intentionally crafted for training paired image-to-image translation GANs. Our model is comprehensively compared against other leading models designed for revealing concealed facial features. Significantly, our proposed model convincingly surpasses these alternatives across a range of evaluation criteria.
A systematic approach to select a suitable climate metric for aviation policy and aircraft design
Authors: Megill Liam , Deck Kathrin , Grewe Volker
Published: September 2023

A growing body of research has highlighted the major contribution of aviation non-CO2 emissions to anthropogenic climate change. Regulation of these emissions, for example in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), requires the use of a climate metric. However, choosing a suitable climate metric is challenging due to the high uncertainties of aviation non-CO2 climate impacts, their variability in atmospheric lifetimes and their dependence on emission location and altitude. In this study, we explore the neutrality, temporal stability, compatibility and transparency of existing, physical climate metrics and find the Average Temperature Response (ATR) to be most suitable for aviation policy and aircraft design. We show that the similarities of the total CO2-eq emissions calculated by the ATR and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for current aircraft would enable a timely introduction of the ATR in aviation policy, allowing for a more accurate assessment of novel aviation fuels and aircraft designs.
Right upper lobectomy under uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer in a patient with a right-sided aortic arch: A case report
Authors: Goto Hidenori , Nakanishi Kozo
Published: September 2023

Background: A right-sided aortic arch is a rare congenital vascular structure variation. Right lobectomy is not commonly performed on patients with such a condition. Further, there are no reports on lobectomy under uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in this patient group.
Case presentation: A 67-year-old man with a right-sided aortic arch and Kommerell diverticulum underwent right upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection under uniportal VATS for primary lung cancer. Due to the right descending aorta, which narrows the space of the dorsal hilum, handling of autosuture devices for stapling the right upper lobe bronchus from the uniport in the 6th intercostal space at the medial axillary line can be challenging. This issue was resolved by manipulating the staple over the azygos vein toward the inferior margin of the aortic arch. Intraoperative findings revealed vessels anastomosing the main pulmonary artery and V1+2+3. Via mediastinal lymphadenectomy, we found that the right recurrent laryngeal nerve branched from the right vagus nerve and hooked around the right-sided aortic arch.
Conclusions: Right lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection under uniportal VATS can be performed for lung cancer in patients with a right-sided aortic arch.
SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage study sample: 21% shows a synonymous base substitution in the S gene arginine codons CGG–CGG encoding the S protein furin cleavage site
Authors: Romeu Antonio R.
Published: September 2023

The furin recognition motif present at the SARS‐CoV2 spike glycoprotein S1/S2 junction has no analogy in other beta‐coronaviruses, including neither the new discovery ofbat coronaviruses in Southeast Asia very similar to SARS-CoV-2: BANAL52 fromLaos and Rp22DB159 from Vietnam, which are the closest known relatives of SARS-CoV-2. They can therefore infect human cells, despite the absence of the polybasic furin cleavage motif. The key evolutionary step leading to the pandemic virus was the acquisition in a progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 the S gene insert encoding the polybasic furin cleavage site that created a novel RRAR furin cleavage site introduces two arginine codons CGG–CGG, whose usage is extremely rare in coronaviruses. Ahypothesis for the probable human origin of that S gene insertincludes that it has been acquired by recombination between the genome of a progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 and human mRNA transcripts within human infected cells. The hypothesis is supported by the arginine codon usage bias in the furin arginine pair. Here I show that SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage isolates (up to September 12, 2023)75 out of 354 (21.19 %) showed a synonymous base substitution in the second arginine codon of the spike glycoprotein furin polybasic motif arginine pair. The CGG-CGG code has mutated to CGG-CGT. The earliest date of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage identification is February 21, 2023. The geographic regions of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage isolates reaches all over the world: Africa 5.62%, Asia 62.84%, Europe 3.91%, North America 20.05%, Oceania 6.60% and South America 0.98%. Interestingly, the XBB.1.16.20 isolates showing the CGG-CGGT synonimous base substitution are also distributed all over the world. Results suggest that the extremely rare CGG-CGG arginine codons drive SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the direction of adapting it to the normal virusarginine codon usage.
The Safety of Glucosodiene on an In-Vitro Biopsy Cell Line Model
Authors: Maher  , Amr
Published: September 2023

This manuscript explores the safety and potential efficacy of glucosodiene, an isomeric alkaline glucose compound, as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The study focuses on conducting safety tests using BJ1 cells (Normal Skin Fibroblasts) and evaluates the cytotoxic effects of glucosodiene on these cells. The results indicate that glucosodiene, at a concentration of 100 ppm, does not exhibit toxicity or impair normal cellular functions. These findings suggest that the compound may selectively target tumor cells without affecting healthy cells. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and confirm its efficacy.
Iron is critical for mucosal-associated invariant T cell metabolism and effector functions
Authors: Ryan Eimear , Clutter Christy , DeBarra Conor , Jenkins Benjamin J. , O'Shaughnessy Simon , Ryan Odhran , McKenna Chloe , Heneghan Helen , Walsh Fiona , Finlay David K. , Sinclair Linda V. , Jones Nicholas , Leung Daniel T. , O'Shea Donal , Hogan Andrew E.
Published: September 2023

Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate T cells which play a critical role in host protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. Upon activation, MAIT cells can rapidly respond via both T cell receptor depedendant and independent mechanisms, resulting in robust cytokine production. The metabolic and nutritional requirements for optimal MAIT cell effector responses are still emerging. Iron is an important micronutrient, and is essential for cellular fitness, in particular cellular metabolism. Iron is also critical for many pathogenic microbes, including those which activate MAIT cells. However, iron has not been investigated with respect to MAIT cell metabolic or functional responses. In this study we show that MAIT cells require exogenous iron, transported via CD71 for optimal metabolic activity in MAIT cells, including their production of ATP. We demonstrate that restricting iron availability by either chelating environmental iron or blocking CD71 on MAIT cells results in impaired cytokine production and proliferation. These data collectively highlight the importance of a CD71-iron axis for MAIT cell metabolism and functionality, an axis which may have implications in conditions where iron availability is limited.
Varus and steep medial posterior tibial slope are risk factors for degenerative medial meniscus lesions
Authors: Fu Hongjun , Xu Tao , Xu Liuhai , Li Xinzhi , Zhou You
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Degenerative medial meniscus lesions (DMMLs) is different from other meniscus injuries, which have a high incidence and easy to miss diagnosis in the middle-aged and elderly. The present study was designed to identify the risk factors for DMMLs among an Asian sample.
METHODS: The experimental group included 121 patients（ones partly confirmed during arthroscopic surgery) with DMMLs and the control group included 51 patients with no pathological changes identified by using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2017 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. By full-length anteroposterior radiographs of lower limbs in weight-bearing position of the two groups, the Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle in the coronal plane and the Medial Posterior Tibial Slope (MPTS) in the sagittal plane were measured by the MRI T1 sequence of the knee. The potential risk factors of DMMLs were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The independent variables included gender, age, body mass index (BMI), occupational kneeling, Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, HKA, and MPTS.
RESULTS: T-test analysis between the Experimental Group and the Control Group showed statistically significant differences in age (t=10.718, p<0.001), BMI (t=7.300, p<0.001), HKA (t=8.677, p<0.001), and MPTS (t=5.025, p<0.001). Chi-square test analysis between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences in gender (t=0.183, p=0.669) and occupational kneeling (t=0.339, p=0.560). Non-parametric analysis showed statistically significant differences in K-L (z=5.857, p<0.001) between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, HKA, and MPTS were risk factors for DMMLs among the above-mentioned variables with statistically significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: Varus, steep MPTS, advancing age and obesity were risk factors for DMMLs.
Teilnehmende Beobachtung auf YouTube
Authors: Hagemeister Janine
Published: September 2023

Wie funktioniert Feldforschung, wenn das Feld eine Internetseite ist? Anhand eines Praxisbeispiels auf der Medienplattform YouTube zeigt der Artikel eine Möglichkeit auf, wie die klassisch ethnografische Methode der Teilnehmenden Beobachtung digitalisiert werden kann. Das heißt, wie bekannte und bewährte Forschungspraktiken in einem sozialen Raum online verwendet werden können und welche Herausforderungen ein solches Feld mit sich bringt. Dabei geht es zum einen um Hintergründe zum algorithmischen Aufbau von Internetseiten und zum anderen um praktische Fragen des Bewegens im Feld bzw. der Materialsammlung und ‑handhabung. Als Vorschlag dient ein STS-geprägter, Flow-orientierter Ansatz, der die Besonderheiten digitaler Felder ernst nimmt und gleichzeitig Kontinuitäten zu klassischen Forschungsumgebungen aufzeigt.