bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Аналітичний огляд концептуальних підходів до визначення трансакційних витрат у соціогуманітарному дискурсі
Authors: Шепель Ніна
Published: June 2023

У статті виконано аналітичний огляд концептуальних під­ходів до визначення трансакційних витрат у соціогума­нітар­но­му дискурсі. Розглянуто різні підходи до трактування поняття транс­ак­ційних витрат, зокрема в таких науках, як економіка (еко­но­міч­на теорія), політологія, право, соціологія. Поряд з опи­сом традицій­них аспектів розглянуто роль інституційних факторів у визначенні рівня трансакційних витрат у різних соціальних, політичних, правових та економічних контекстах. Особливу увагу приділено теорії контрактів, економічним та неекономічним чинни­кам, які впливають на формування трансакційних витрат. Зазначено, що визначення трансакційних витрат має важливе зна­чення для ана­лізу соціоекономічної сфери, дає змогу підви­щи­ти ефектив­ність управління ресурсами й приймати дієві управлінські рішення, підвищувати ефективність взаємодії та визначати стра­тегічні напрями розвитку. Результати проведеного аналітичного огляду й визначення основних суттєвих понять у сфері транс­акцій­них ви­трат уможливлюють розгляд цієї проблеми в комплекс­ному вимірі та відповідну реакцію на виклики, що виникають у сучасному глобалізованому світі.
Соціальні проблеми української сім’ї (на прикладі населення Київщини)
Authors: Атаманська Світлана
Published: June 2023

У статті досліджено соціальні проблеми української сім’ї. Про­ана­лізовано становище української сім’ї в сучасному суспільстві. У результаті проведеного опитування визначено основні соціальні про­блеми та потреби жителів досліджених сіл Бучанського району Київ­ської області. З’ясовано, які ж саме проблеми турбують українські сім’ї, що призводить до краху сімейних стосунків. Сучасна українська сім’я зіштовхнулась із проблемою нестабільності життєвих планів в умовах війни, економічної нестабільності, у результаті чого відбу­ва­ється стійка орієнтація подружжя на сімʼю, у котрій менше ніж двоє дітей.

Зокрема, виокремлено вісім найголовніших проблем: війна в Україні, низький рівень зарплат, пенсій, зростання цін, безробіття, транспортне сполучення, медичне обслуговування, високі комунальні тарифи. Проаналізовано соціально-демографічні особливості зайня­то­сті населення. Розглянуто основні фактори, що впливають на якість життя населення. Визначено оцінку доброботу життя в сучасних умо­вах.  Обгрунтовано вплив соціальної політики держави населення та запропоновано напрями покращення якості життя української сім’ї.
Struggling the COVID-19 Pandemic of Professional Tourist Guides: A Case Study in Turkey
Authors: COŞKUN Okay , AKGÜNDÜZ Yılmaz
Published: June 2023

Tourist guides are a key component of the tourism industry, contributing to the destination’ image, country-wide tourism, and the overall experience of tourists. They are one of the occupational groups most affected by the COVID-19
pandemic. This study aims to determine how and to what extent tourist guides are affected by the pandemic, what to expect from relevant institutions and organizations in possible crisis periods and to make suggestions in this regard.
To this end, a case study was chosen as the study design, and the interview technique, which is one of the qualitative data collection methods, was preferred. The data were collected from 15 tourist guides who went on tours at
least once during the pandemic period, and were subjected to content and descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that tourist guides were deeply affected by the pandemic in economic, psychological, social, and professional
terms. Moreover, it was determined that tourist guides have expectations from relevant institutions, such as grant support and effective management during times of crisis. Based on the findings, some suggestions were made to stakeholders
in the tourism sector.
Co-Existing Point of Equilibrium in Discretization of Fractional-Order Prey and Predator Model
Authors: Satriyantara Rio , Anggraeni Dara Puspita , Dewi Irma Risvana , Utama Alfian Eka
Published: June 2023

In this work, a discretization process of a fractional-order prey and predator model is discussed. The aim of this work is to describe the population phenomenon which contains prey and predator. In this research, the prey and predator model by Ghosh et al. (2017) is used. The model has an unique form because it contains prey refuge and additional food to predator. In order to give more details on prey and predator population, the model then modified into fractional order and then discretized. The discretization model has three points of equilibrium and one of them named co-existing point of equilibrium. The numerical simulation is used to perform the stability. The numerical simulation is controlled by using mathematical programming language. It resulted that the co-existing point of equilibrium tends to be stable or converge if a small value of  (time step) is selected. Otherwise, if a larger value of  is selected, then oscillatory is appeared which means the point of equilibrium become unstable or diverge.
Analysis of Traffic Volume and Frequency of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Shipments Based on a Certification Approach
Authors: Octovianus  , Ghanim Mahendri Rohman , Lestari Artanti Tri , Islamy R Adharyan
Published: June 2023

Volume and frequency of shipping are crucial factors that impact the profitability and sustainability of the vannamei shrimp industry. This study aims to determine the volume of vannamei shrimp shipping traffic in Padangbai, Karangasem, Bali during the period 2019-2021 and the relationship between the volume of vannamei shrimp shipping traffic and shipping times during that period in the region. Data were obtained from fish quarantine stations, quality control and fishery product safety in Padangbai, Karangasem, Bali. The analytical method is carried out in a comparative descriptive manner which is presented through graphs that have been processed in the MS program. Excel while to find out the relationship between volume and frequency of shipping was analyzed using regression. The volume of traffic for shipping vannamei shrimp out of the Padangbai area, Karangasem, Bali was highest in 2021 (652,745,431 Juvenils) and lowest in 2019 (435,740,234 Juvenils). Data on the frequency of traffic was highest in 2020 (383 times) and lowest in 2019 (268 times). Based on the data provided, it can be seen that the average total vannamei shrimp shipment during the 2019-2021 period was around 4,702 x 104 juveniles per month. There were fluctuations in shipment volume from month to month, where in February, March, August, September and December the highest shipments were recorded of more than 5,000 x 104 juveniles, while in other months the lowest shipments were recorded of 2,929 x 104 juveniles in June. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the volume of vannamei shrimp shipments from Padangbai, Karangasem, Bali is quite stable with relatively small fluctuations. Even though there are fluctuations in shipping volume from month to month, overall, the volume of vannamei shrimp shipments from Padangbai, Karangasem, Bali is quite high.
Effect of Lemon Marination on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Quality of Chicken Satay
Authors: Yunita Citra Nurma , Radiati Lilik Eka , Rosyidi Djalal
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of different lemon marinates on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and quality of chicken satay. The percentages of lemon used 0%, 5 %, 10 % and 15 %. Chicken meat was marinated for 10 minutes in a homogeneous. The study used a Nested Completely Randomized Design. Parameters used were physical quality (pH, cooking loss and WHC), chemical quality (moisture, fat and protein content) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if the results of statistical analysis significant or very significant differences were obtained Duncan's test (UJBD) and descriptive PAH. The results of statistical analysis showed that the use of lemons marinates with different proportions had a very significant effect (P<0,01) on pH, cooking loss, WHC and moisture, fat content had a significant effect (P<0,05) but had no significant effect (P>0,05) on protein content. Chicken satay with 15% lemon marinates showed non-detectable results PAH.  The study concluded that lemon marinates can reduce the content of PAH carcinogens and affect the quality of chicken satay. The lowest levels of PAHs were found in the chicken satay that was marinated with a 15% lemon marinates.
Strategi Promosi Wisata Kebun Kopi Senaru Melalui Vidio Virtual Guiding (Senaru Coffee Plantation Tourism Promotion Strategy Through Virtual Guiding Video)
Authors: Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini  , Abdul Muta’alli Anwar  , Ahmad Alfan Ansori  , Baiq Rizki Liani Putri  , Baiq Widiawati  , Dano Syahputra  , Erni Febrian  , Ihsan Itqanul Amal  , Mila Diniatun  , Sarah Lehani Mitchell  , Yulia Kartika Yanti  , Pande Komang Suparyana
Published: June 2023

Desa Senaru merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di kaki Gunung Rinjani, tepatnya di Kecamatan Bayan, Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Desa Senaru memiliki 15 dusun dengan budaya dan adat istiadat yang masih kental dan salah satu dari 99 desa wisata dari 10 kabupaten/ kota yang berada di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Kebun kopi Senaru  adalah salah satu tempat wisata yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Kebun kopi yang terletak di dataran tinggi menampilkan pemandangan hutan dan air terjun Tiu Kelep. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh Desa Senaru adalah minimnya promosi wisata Kebun Kopi Senaru, khususnya potensi tentang tanaman obat di tempat tersebut. Alternatif solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut yaitu dengan membuat video promosi dengan konsep virtual guiding. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini agar video promosi yang dibuat dapat tersampaikan untuk wisatawan lokal maupun wisatawan internasional. Langkah pertama dalam persiapan pembuatan video adalah menyiapkan informasi tentang wisata kebun kopi Senaru. Informasi yang diberikan meliputi lokasi, fasilitas pendukung, view utama yang tampak dari ketinggian kebun kopi serta tanaman-tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat. Metode yang digunakan adalah tahap persiapan pembuatan naskah, persiapan peralatan penunjang pembuatan video, pengambilan video, serta pengeditan. Kegiatan ini dapat berjalan dengan baik dan dapat memberikan wawasan dan pengetahuan bagi para wisatawan lokal maupun internasional tentang potensi tanaman obat yang ada di Kebun Kopi Senaru dan keindahan pemandangan di kebun kopi Senaru.  Hasil kegiatan ini adalah sebuah video yang memandu penonton untuk menikmati keindahan alam di wisata kebun kopi Senaru. Vidio vitual guiding telah diunggah pada laman youtube, dan dapat disaksikan pada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiGm9rJPxjw
An Exploration of The Lived Experience of Informal Student Carers During Covid-19
Authors: Blaksley Daisy , Wright Jacob
Published: June 2023

Informal Student Carers (ISC) are students who provide unpaid care to a friend or family member needing support. We explored the lived experiences of ISC and the challenges they faced throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. A scoping review, questionnaire-based survey and volunteer interviews were undertaken to identify the themes which predicate student carer’s experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our research showed that a combination of financial concerns, time constraints, and the lack of visibility of student caregivers all contributed to this student group's poor mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. Educational institutions have an obligation to be informed and support the unique and varied needs of ISCs.
Water budgeting for components in lowland integrated farming systems
Authors:   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, C JAYANTHI , A RANGASAMY ,   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, C CHINNUSAMY ,   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Field investigations were carried out to estimate water budgeting for the allied components like cropping, poultry, pigeon, fish and mushroom linked in lowland integrated farming systems at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 1993-96. Water requirement for the allied components was estimated by adopting standard methodology. Results revealed that cultivation of rice-greengram-maize and rice-sunnhemp-maize cropping systems each in 0.50 hectare consumed 182 ha cm of water totally in a year. Whereas 201 ha cm of water was needed for rice-soybean-sunflower and rice-gingelly-maize cropping systems in 0.45 ha each involved in integrated farming systems. Poultry, pigeon, fish and mushroom components utilized 0.02, 0.04, 15.84 and 1.37 ha cm of water for their production in a year. Integration of cropping with pigeon + fish mushroom utilized 218 ha cm as against 182 ha em of water with conventional cropping system alone. Integration of poultry and pigeon required very little quantity of water and total water requirement in integration of improved cropping with fish mushroom + poultry/pigeon was lesser than the water requirement of cropping alone in one hectare land area. Integrating efficient allied components with cropping results in effective water budgeting with better economic returns in lowland farming.
Anticancer Activity of Genistin: A Short Review
Authors: Md Mizanur Rahaman , Md Iqbal Sikder , Muhammad Ali Khan , Muhammad Torequl Islam
Published: June 2023

Genistein is an isoflavone glycoside that provides a variety of health advantages. The possibility of cancer chemopreventive drugs derived from natural sources, such as polyphenols, may constitute a novel, cost-effective strategy to reduce the rising burden of cancer throughout the world. A soy-rich diet was linked to cancer prevention in several epidemiological studies, which was explained by the presence of the phenolic component genistein in soy-based foods. Inhibiting metastasis and changing apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis are the key ways that genistin fights various cancers. It acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. This study critically evaluates the literature that is currently available on the therapeutic benefits of genistin for various cancers.
Risk Analysis Application to the Petroleum Field Development , A Southern Iraqi Oil Field - case study.
Authors: Saad Ghazwan Noori , Al maliki Madi A.Swadi
Published: June 2023

The development process of oil and gas fields is one of the most important technical and engineering challenges facing the oil companies operating in all areas of the oil sector during the production life of these fields, because of the variables and complexities associated with the development embodied in the analysis process of decision-making rational choices in the development stage of producing oil fields. In this research approved the application of risk analysis as a decision-making in the implementation of the development project of the oilfield under study, which is located in southern Iraq, as well as determine the effect of inaccuracy of some variables in this analysis, which was quantified in two parts, the first of which was related to risk analysis in the event of current situation of the field in terms of productivity, while the second one related to the proposed development method, where it underwent the cases mentioned in this part of the risk analysis, except in cases where production runs up to the water cut in producing wells up to 80% were excluded from the analysis. Results of this analysis for both parts were compared with the amount of accumulated production that were calculated previously for the same cases mentioned in previously Part II, which provided under the developmental study of the mentioned field in 2007 for one of the produced formation in the primary reservoir of the field. The comparison results reflect the importance and eligibility implications of the used tools as promising and supported in their decision-making in right way of engineering studies submitted for the development of oil fields. As well as the results indicate the importance of adopting risk analysis is a good guide to evaluate the methodology and scalability performance of oil fields and the completion of operations associated with them.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF FLAT PLATE WITH OPENING UNDER COMBINED LINEAR AND UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS
Authors: Al-Kuaity Adnan Sadiq
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an analytical study to predict the flexural strength of reinforced concrete flat plate with opening of any size. The study includes both plastic and elastic analysis of flat plate with opening. The plastic analysis is based on yield line theory using modified collapse mechanism as found experimentally by others ,whereas, the elastic analysis is carried out by finite element technique using computer program. The slab is considered to be under linear load around the opening edge besides the design loads ( uniformly distributed load). Comparisons between theoretical results obtained from the proposed equations derived in this study and those obtained from test results published by others is shown. The ratio of ultimate design load of flat slab with opening to its resisting moment along yield line is inversely proportional to the ratio of opening size to span length. The proposed equation shows that the theoretical collapse load is drastically reduced as the opening size increases. The reduction in flexural strength reaches to about 70% when the opening size increased to about 25% of slab area. A good agreement is found between the theoretical flexural strength proposed here and those observed by test results. The average ratio of theoretical strength to the test result was about 0.82. On the other hand, finite element results of cracking loads and elastic deflections have shown good agreement with those obtained from test results. The average ratio between them was about 0.8.
ANALYSIS OF PILED-RAFT FOUNDATION BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Al-Damluji Omar al-Farouk Salem , Al-Baghdadi Nadher Hassan
Published: June 2023

The piled raft is a geotechnical composite construction consisting of three elements: piles,raft and soil. It is suitable as a foundation for large buildings. This paper presents an analysis of piled raft foundation, included material nonlinearity and soil structure interaction. An efficient computer program in FORTRAN 9Ois developed for this analysis. A 20 node disoparametric brick element has been used to model pile, raft, soil and interface materials. Thin layer interface element has been used to model the contact zone between the pile and soil, and between raft and soil. The behavior of the piled raft material is simulated by using a linear elastic model. However, the behavior of soil and interface materials is simulated by an elasto-plastic model by the use of Mohr Coulomb failure criterion. Some of the variables of piled-raft system, related to settlement and differential settlement in sandy soil, have been studied, where the length of piles and distance between piles an effective role in reducing both settlement and differential settlement of foundation system. Also increasing the thickness of raft foundation reduces the effectiveness of additional piles for the purpose of reducing differential settlement.
Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Strengthened in Flexural with NSM-CFRP
Authors: Adheem Ali H. , Rasheed Laith Sh. , Ali Esam M.
Published: June 2023

This study is devoted to investigate the behavior and performance of R.C. slabs strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM-CFRP). A system of computer program (ANSYS V.12.1) is used for analysis at this study. The ordinary reinforced concrete is modeled by 8-node isoparametric brick elements, while the steel reinforcing bars is modeled as axial members (bar elements) connecting opposite nodes in the brick elements with a full interaction assumption. The NSM CFRP strips were modeled by shell element. The effect of some selected parameters (thickness and shape) is studied. It is found that the ultimate load increased efficiently with increasing the thickness of NSM (87% & 123% for slabs S1 & S2 respectively). Concrete strength of R.C. slabs tested is (fc' 18.85). The maximum increment in terms of the slab load carrying capacity is limited by the concrete crushing.
PREDICTION OF LAND SOIL EROSION USING FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM MODEL (FIS)
Authors: Alelah Zainb Abd
Published: June 2023

Fuzzy Inference System appears a promising approach to address many important aspects of networks, particularly in allied fields of civil engineering. In this paper a Fuzzy Inference System for land soil erosion assessment was investigated.
The land soil erosion is controlled by multifarious parameters, such as slope, soil physical properties (texture, structure, permeability, etc.), rainfall, runoff, and crop cover.
The rainfall coefficient(R), slope coefficient (LS), soil erodibility factor (K), cropping system(C), and supporting practices (P) parameters are treated as antecedents and the land soil erosion (A) is the consequent. Developing the basis model using generalized Mamdani method based on data collected from available literature and assessment of the validity of the basic model depending on experimental data. The obtained results with Fuzzy Inference System are compared with experimental values and found remarkably close to each other values and found remarkably close to each other.
Effect of Fine Materials on the Compressive Strength and Workability of Concrete
Authors: Muhammed Hakim Saeed , Kadum Kadum Taha , Ahmed Muhammed Ali , Getfan Nabeel , Zehra Asaad Abdul
Published: June 2023

This paper studies the effect of different ratios of clay addition on the concrete properties. Most of the standards limit the ratio of the clay in aggregates due to its harmful effect on the concrete properties. For example, ASTM C33  limits the fine contents in fine aggregate to 5% whereas the ratio of clay lumps is limited to 0.5% as deleterious substances included in the fine materials as  very fine substances .This study has considered many ratios of clay addition(0%,2%,3%,4% and 5%) of the total aggregate weight to the concrete mixes and observed the governed values of compressive strengths and workability. A series of cube groups were fabricated with different water-cement ratios (0.45,0.5 and 0.55) and different mix ratios(1:1:2,1:1.5:3 and 1:2:4).It is seen that as the ratio of clay increases, slump decreases; therefore, more water will be needed to reach a reasonable workability while the compressive strength is severely affected in high ratios of clay existence. There is no effect of age on the ratio of strength decrease when a high ratio of clay is added or existed. The strength will decrease by about 33% if a 5% of clay is available in fine material. This study has come as a result of investigating the reasons behind the continuous deterioration in concrete cubes that came to the laboratory for the aim of testing through local construction companies and contractors who are working in most of projects all over the middle region governorates in Iraq.
LABORATORY EXAMINATION FOR THE EFFECT OF ADDING HYDRATED LIME ON THE MOISTURE DAMAGE RESISTANCE OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES
Authors: Mohan Hanaa Mohammed , Obaid Hayder Abbas
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding hydrated lime on themoisture damage resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures. In this study two samples of asphalt concrete mixture were prepared, the first sample represent control mixture, and the second sample contain hydrated lime with rate (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5%) by thetotal weight of aggregate. The properties of control mixture and Lime-asphalt concrete mixture were evaluated by Marshall tests results, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) results, and retained Marshall Stability (RMS) test results. The results for these tests indicated improvement in mixture proprieties, increased resistance of asphalt concrete against moisture damage, and reduced effect of water on the properties of asphalt concrete. As a final result, the use of (2%) hydrated lime enhanced asphalt concreteproperties and produce durable mixtures for highway construction.
STUDY OF MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN BREAST CANCER DETECTION
Authors: Hussain Ghasan Ali
Published: June 2023

Medical imaging is a process and technique used to create images to the human body or parts and function thereof for clinical purposes, to medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose or examine disease or medical science. In this paper we will explain three types of medical imaging techniques; Magnetic resonant Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Ultrasound (US) that are used in the breast cancer detection, then we will compare among them to know which one of this techniques are better to use in the detection of breast cancer by taking in the account all of the sensitivity, resolution, cost and side effect. The results show that superior of MRI against the both of PET and Ultrasound in the sensitivity and resolution, while the disadvantages of MRI techniques was the high cost and time required to get imaging.
BUCKLING AND STRESS ANALYSIS OF STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL SHELL STRUCTURE UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Authors: Bader Qasim H. , Abdul Zuhra Israa S.
Published: June 2023

The present work investigates stress analysis and buckling analysis of cylindrical shell. It had been wide applications in the industry especially in mechanical and nuclear applications.. etc. The most common type of failure which may be happen in this type of structure was the buckling when was subjected to external hydrostatic pressure which represents the aim of this work. The buckling happen due to transfer major amount of strain energy into bending energy which leads to sudden failure in the structure. To avoid this type of failure the cylindrical shell must be stiffened by adding Â stiffeners rings along the shell from internal or external surface. In this work two types of stiffeners existed, longitudinal and circumferential stiffeners based on the direction of the installation on the shell surface. In this work the critical pressure due to buckling was calculated numerically by using ANSYS15 for both stiffened and un-stiffened cylinder for various location and installing types, strengthening of the cylinder causes a significant increase in buckling pressures than non reinforced cylinder. Also the deflection for stiffened cylinder is function to mode shape and increasing with increasing the mode number because when the mode is increased, the strength of cylinder is increased and this leads to lower deflection. Also the stress analysis due to buckling for different depths of sea water was done to find the critical depth which may be the stresses exceeded the elastic limit. |And from stress analysis results, it is observed that there is not a huge difference in stresses between stiffened shell and un-stiffened shell in similar boundary and loading condition so the value of stresses in stiffened shell is a little lower compared to un-stiffened shell.
THE ORATICAL ANALYSIS OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR PLACED IN MOSUL CITY BY USING DIFFERENT ABSORBING MATERIALS AND FLUIDS
Authors: Hamood Hasson S. , Salim Badran M. , Abdulrazzaq Nabeel M.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a mathematical model and simulation of flat plate solar collector are developed. The weather data, which used in the calculations of the performance of the collector, is for Mosul city. Detailed energy analyses were carriedout for evaluating the efficiency and useful heat gain of a typical flat plate solar collector under certain operation and design conditions. In this analysis, different fluids and different absorbing materials were used to indicate their effect on the performance of flat plate solar collector. Operating parameters, which considered as variables, are the mass flow rate, the inlet and the outlet temperature difference and the total solar radiation flux. The simulation program had written by using EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software program. The results of this analysis show that the copper and aluminum gives a good efficiency up to (0.6) with value (0.02) of collector performance coefficient whenwater as a working fluid, while the plain carbon steel gives efficiency (0.46)that stated previously because of low heat conductance . The results show also that the copper and the aluminum give the largest useful heat gain extracted from the collector as compared with plain carbon steel. It has been also show that the solar collector efficiency is higher in case of using water as working fluid than that of propylene glycol solution
MEASUREMENT OF A DC SERIES MOTOR TORQUE BASED ON PLC TECHNIQUES
Authors: Thabet Hassaan Th. , Qasim Maysara A.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a system is established and designed for DC series motors torque measurement based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) techniques instead of using old traditional mechanical methods. The researchers tried to exploit the techniques available in PLC type LOGO! ® V6 to design the above mentioned system which measures the torque with a simple method. Measuring the torque in this system is based on two parts, the first part is to measure the supply voltage, current and speed of the DC series motor by Hall Effect sensors, then enters these values to the PLC. The second one is to calculate and process the torque of the motor depending on the mentioned above values by building a representative model based on mathematical equations representing the operation of the DC series motor. By comparing the results of both methods, it shows that the results are approximately the same but our system is much easier than the traditional systems. Our system contains a subsystem which enables the operator to monitor the mechanical output power and the percentage efficiency of the motor during its operation. To protect the operator and the motor from the risky situations of overload and over speed, which often happens when operating DC series motors, an overload and an over speed protections were included in our system.
THE EFFECT OF FLOW CONDITIONS AND GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON THE SCOUR VALUE DOWNSTREAM COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF WEIR AND GATE
Authors: Omran Hassan A. , Khassaf Saleh I. , Hassan Fadhel Abdulabbas
Published: June 2023

In this research, a study was conducted experimentally to investigate the scour hole dimensions downstream the combined structures which consist of weir and gate. Twelve models have been designed and every model is formed from composite weir consists of two geometric shapes and three types of gates which are rectangular, semi-circular and triangular in shape, where multi factors were studied to find out the effect of changing geometry for both weir and gate, discharge flowing in the flume and particle size of bed material on the dimensions of scour hole. The experiments was conducted in a laboratory channel was constructed from blocks and concrete with length of 18 m, 1 m width and 1 m depth. The laboratory models were installed after 7 m from the main gate which is controlling the passage of water from the main reservoir into the flume.At the beginning, the calibration process was conducted to identify the actual discharge values that pass in the flume, then experiments were conducted to calculate the discharge coefficient for each model, which represents one of the studied factors within the dimensional analysis of the variables to derive the empirical formulas to calculate the dimensions of scour hole.Then the experiments were conducted in order to derive formulas to investigate the depth and length of the scour hole which formed in the sand floor spreading as a layer of 30 cm in thickness for a distance 4 m downstream combined structure. Two samples of sand were used in the experiments with different median size of particles ( d50), the first of 0.7 mm and the second of 1 mm.Using the dimensional analysis by π theorem and IBM SPSS 21 program, Four nonlinear relationships were derived to calculate the dimensionless scour depth (SD / d50) and another four nonlinear relationships calculates the dimensionless length of scour (SL / d50)depending on the laboratory results for each of the relative discharge (Qr), Froude number in terms of mean size of particle of bed material (Frd), non-dimensional difference head between upstream and downstream of combined structure (HD / d50), dimensionless distance between the lower edge of the weir and the upper edge of the gate (y3 / d50), dimensionless head over the crest of compound weir (h/d50) and the discharge coefficient (Cd), where the resulted determination coefficients (R2) from these relationships were good.
STAGED NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF SHRINKAGE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE-WAY SLABS
Authors: N. Attiyah Ali
Published: June 2023

The cracking due to restrained shrinkage at early ages of concrete is one of the shortcomings of concrete, which may reduce its sustainability. Staged nonlinear static analysis adopted by SAP2000 software is used to analyze one-way slabs applied to restrained shrinkage. Staged nonlinear static analysis has been improved using the concept of cracked element and the proposed model showed good correlation with test results. Creep strain calculated by CEB-FIP cannot be used correctly with shrinkage at early ages of concrete (first three months), and a modification factor has been suggested in the present research. The modification factor is dependent on the steel ratio. Shrinkage relaxed due to creep has been found slightly affected by the steel ratio, which may be considered constant and equals to 60% approximately. Steel reinforcement will control crack width by reducing the restrained length of shortened concrete due to shrinkage, which is equal to the distance between multiple cracks.
OPTIMUM DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORK USING ACCESS MANAGEMENT APPROACH IN BAGHDAD CITY (UTAIFEYAH DISTRICT AS CASE STUDY)
Authors: AbdulJabbar Mohammed Bakr
Published: June 2023

The quality of the geometric design of the road network shall be enhanced when a new access management is applied to get the most optimized route that may be chosen by the road user. Herein Utaifeyah district in Baghdad City is selected, transportation network map is generated for the area, points of problems or incidents like traffic congestion points are located and taken into consideration. The work includes data collection of the traffic volumes within the network from the study area, and then applying optimization study for the alternatives that uses microscopic traffic simulation. The results shows that when the access management scenarios were proposed, and the corridor analysis of the related transportation network was applied, the quality of transportation style of the Utaifeya district shall be improved, the access ratio to the district has increased to 216%, and the emissions of the harmful matters from vehicles have been decreased by 30%.
MASTER-SLAVES SPEED SYNCHRONIZATION OF TRIPLE 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS USING PI AND PID CONTROL METHODS
Authors: M.Dawood Suroor
Published: June 2023

This paper presents two methods used for three closed loop speed controller of Variable-Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) triple 3-phase Induction Motors (IMs) master/slaves system. A dynamic d-q model of a 3-phase IM in state space form and its computer simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK software package are described. The two different methods of speed control which are used to improve the performance of three IMs drive system are named as conventional PI controller and PID controller. For PID speed controller, simulation results clearly show that the response of the system is superior compared to PI speed controller in terms of rise time, settling time, accuracy and steady state error. The design, analysis, and speed responses of the system obtained under both controllers have been simulated, studied and compared using MATLAB/Simulink environment for different operating conditions such as sudden change in reference speed and load torque. The simulation results showed good synchronization between the master and the slave IMs with suitable tracking error.
REDUCTION OF COD FROM SIMULATED WASTEWATER BY FABRICATED HYDROPHOBIC MEMBRANE
Authors: Jasem Nidaa Adil
Published: June 2023

Hydrophobic membrane was fabricated using 15% of Polysulfone (PSF) as a polymer and 85% of dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent by phase inversion method. Distilled Â water was used to test water flux and membrane permeation. Scanning electron microscope was used to study the structural changes on the membrane surface. Synthetic wastewater was used to test the efficiency of the hydrophobic membrane. Membrane efficiency examined by chemical oxygen demand (COD) percentage removal. The results showed that the pure water flux dropped from 85 L/m2.hr to 75 L/m2.hr. for the first run and from 86 L/m2.hr to 82 L/m2.hr for the second and third runs. For synthetic wastewater the flux dropped from 75 to 38 L/m2.hr, 75 L/m2.hr to 52 L/m2.hr and 75 to 45 L/m2.hr for the first, second and third runs, respectively. Removal efficiency of COD was 90% after 10 days, then it dropped down to 70 %, after cleaning the membrane, the removing increased up to 90% after 8 days.
IMPLEMENTING OF LIQUID TANK LEVEL CONTROL USING ARDUINO-LABVIEW INTERFACEING WITH ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Authors: Kadhim Riadh Adnan , Abdul Raheem Abdul Kareem Kasim , Gitaffa Sabah Abdul Hassan
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper Â is to use an economical technology to built the liquid tank level control the liquid level using arudino UNO microcontroller as data acquisition with LabView software interfacing with ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is used for better accuracy and stability in different conditions. The front panel of labview is display the liquid level in the tank, and the status of motor, (ON or OFF) depending on the level of the liquid. The developed system is highly flexible and easy in controlling the liquid tank level. The mathematical model of the system, MATLAB simulation results have been achieved using software.
Analyzing the bleaching effects of activated carbon produced from natural coal on soyabean oil and Goya olive oil
Authors: Christianah Chinenye Aniobi  , Timothy Oluwaseun Esan  , Olabimpe Iyabode Ojo  , Morenike Grace Ajayi
Published: June 2023

Many contaminants, such as phosphatides, mucins, free fatty acids, dyes, and compounds that impact the color and odor, are present in crude fats and oils in variable concentrations. The standard chemical refining process removes these contaminants at numerous stages, including activation, carbonization, filtration, absorption, degumming, neutralization, and bleaching. While degumming is done to remove phosphatides so that hydratable phosphatides can be precipitated by adding water to the oil, non-hydrated phosphatides must be eliminated by adding acids, activation is done to open up the pore structure of the activated carbon. Additionally, free fatty acids are eliminated through neutralization with alkali hydroxides, producing soaps that can be eliminated, and undesirable colored impurities are eliminated through bleaching with an adsorptive reagent. Subsequently, the unwanted compounds are adsorbed and can be eliminated along with the adsorbent through filtration. Then, bleaching is done to get rid of color and unwelcome volatile and odiferous elements because bleaching removes numerous antioxidants. The equilibrium concentration, values for Ce/qc, b, and slopes for soybean oil and goya olive oil were calculated using the Langmuir isotherm equation. Ce/Qc = 1.Ce/Qo + 1/bQo, Ce = equilibrium concentration, Qc = percent absorption, 1/Qo = slope, Qo = adsorption capacity, and b = Langmuir constant. The results of % absorption obtained for soyabean oil are as follows; 86.90, 85.90, 86.90, 79.70, 78.40 and 29.60 while the results % absorption obtained for goya olive oil are 86.10, 84.10, 82.90, 81.80, 77.70, and 77.50 respectively. Based on their near range of adsorption capacities, it was concluded that activated coal was successful in bleaching both soyabean oil and goya olive oil. However, the activated coal had a little higher adsorption capacity on goya olive oil than soya bean oil.
SARS-CoV-2 variants in Vietnam: A comprehensive analysis of nucleotide changes in the spike gene
Authors: Quan Ke Thai  , Phuoc Huynh
Published: June 2023

SARS-CoV-2, causing the COVID-19 pandemic, has claimed millions of lives worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has a high mutation rate in its genome, resulting in thousands of variants. The success of SARS-CoV-2 is attributed to a mutation in the S gene, which encodes the spike protein that interacts directly with hACE2. Mutations in this gene are known to increase the transmission rate and the ability to escape the immune system of the virus. This study focused on analyzing the nucleotide changes in the S gene of the SARS-CoV-2 variants that appeared in Vietnam. The results showed that Vietnam recorded many VOC variants, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, with Delta and Omicron being the most prevalent. The S1 region of the S gene had the highest mutation rate, with missense and C to T mutations being the most common. The NTD region contained all deletion and insertion mutations, with the nucleotide at 22198 to 22206 being the hotspot for insertion. The RBD region showed a positive selection during evolution, indicating that it had undergone harsh missense mutation. Overall, this study demonstrates that the S gene in Vietnam has high haplotype and nucleotide diversity. The Omicron variant in Vietnam had the highest nucleotide, haplotype diversity indexes, and average number of mutations in the S gene. These findings provide insights into the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Vietnam and the impact of the S gene mutations on the evolution of the virus.
Correlation between average sleep duration among medical students and their performance in physiology final exam
Authors: Raju Panta  , Keshab Raj Paudel
Published: June 2023

Sleep is a restful state of mind that plays a crucial and significant role in consolidation of memory. Several studies have reported that better and proper sleep is associated with superior cognitive functions including better learning and memory which is critical for successful academic performance. The present study was set to determine whether a correlation exists between the average sleep duration in medical students and their performance in physiology final examination score. This study was conducted in a Caribbean Medical School after approval from the Institutional Review Board. 40 medical students (23 male, 17 female) from first year of MD program were selected based on the inclusion criteria after informed written consent. The participants reported their average sleep duration in hours based on the records in their smart phones and wearable sleep/activity tracker devices. The data of their age, gender, body mass index, average sleep duration, and physiology final examination scores were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and descriptive analysis was done. The correlation of their average sleep duration in hours to physiology final examination scores in percent was determined by a Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The correlation coefficient (adjusted r2) of our study was 0.028 and significance P was 0.154. The average sleep duration of medical students was not significantly correlated with the physiology final examination score % (r (38) = 0.229, p = 0.154). The regression model predicted only 5.3% (R2 = 0.053) of the physiology final examination score of medical students. Medical students with an average sleep duration of more than 6 hours performed better in their physiology final exam. Our study concludes that there is no significant correlation between the average sleep duration in medical students and their performance in physiology final exam. However, medical students with an average sleep duration of 6 hrs. or more scored better in their physiology final exam. Therefore, our study aligns with the findings of the other studies, and we conclude that the longer duration of sleep for more than 6 hours is associated with better academic performance. So, correlations of the sleep duration and quality in medical students with their performance in other subjects and examinations need to be assessed in further studies.
Food, nutritional and leisure education at school
Authors: Maria Gisele dos Santos  , Cinthia Lopes da Silva
Published: June 2023

Many people in adult life are unaware of healthy eating habits and practices of activities in the context of leisure, the lack of this knowledge has as consequences the high rates of chronic-degenerative diseases, emotional and behavioral problems that affect the Brazilian population. The school is a privileged space for food, nutrition, and leisure education, and plays a fundamental role in the formation of values, habits, and lifestyles, serving as a basis for the development of multiple skills in children, including cognitive ones. This work aims to analyze the issue of food, nutrition, and leisure education at school. This is a literature review. As a result, the school is an important space for children to develop knowledge that will be the basis for their lives, among the possible learnings are the understanding of a healthy and nutritional diet and the development of habits that include the practice of leisure activities, such as sport, generating implications for the development and growth of children and for their future routine.
CODE SWITCHING IN THE SPEECH OF THE NORTH KALIMANTAN BORDER COMMUNITY—MALAYSIA
Authors: Toba Rostanti , Rijal Muhammad Khairul
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study is to describe the forms of code-switching in the speech of border community groups in Nunukan and Malinau who use two or more languages in their daily communication and to find the factors that determine code-switching in the speech of border community groups. This research method is sociolinguistic field research employing a qualitative descriptive design. The data sources are the border community organizations of Nunukan and Malinau. The study consists of primary data in spontaneous speech from various contexts of speech events by border community groups of Nunukan and Malinau and secondary data in information, sociocultural background, and language gleaned from observations and interviews. The results of this study show that (1) the forms of code-switching in the speech of border communities of Nunukan and Malinau consist of code-switching from Bugis to Indonesian and vice versa, from Tidung to Indonesian and vice versa, from Banjarese to Indonesian and vice versa, and from Indonesian to Malay-Malay and vice versa. (2) The factors that cause code-switching in the speech of border community groups (Nunukan and Malinau) are speakers, speech partners, attendance and departure of speech participants, and variations in the topic of conversation.
APPROACHES IN DESIGNING EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Wahdah Wahdah , Prayuda Meikardo Samuel , Juliana Juliana , Ginting Fiber Yun Almanda , Gultom Candra Ronitua
Published: June 2023

The research is intended to determine the best approach to managing classrooms. There are discussions regarding the comparison of approaches that have proven effective in designing effective classroom management. Student achievement could not be separated from a successful classroom management system. The learning environment in the class is based on how well teachers build effective classroom management systems. It leads to the students’ well-being in the learning process. In order to achieve a successful classroom management system, teachers tend to apply different approaches. There are some studies that deal with the application of these approaches in the process of creating such an effective classroom management system. Two of them are the behavior modification approach and the analytical pluralistic approach. This research is completed by using quantitative approach. The findings lead to the conclusion that certain approaches have proven better through this experimental research. At the end of the research, readers might benefit by taking the result of this research as a reference in their daily teaching.