bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Size and Chromosome Number Evolution in Korean Iris L. Species (Iridaceae Juss.)
Authors: Choi Bokyung , Weiss-Schneeweiss Hanna , Temsch Eva M. , So Soonku , Myeong Hyeon-Ho , Jang Tae-Soo
Published: September 2020

Chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and genome sizes of 14 Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) species in Korea and their closely related taxon, Sisyrinchium rosulatum, are presented and analyzed in a phylogenetic framework. To date, understanding the chromosomal evolution of Korean irises has been hampered by their high chromosome numbers. Here, we report analyses of chromosome numbers and karyotypes obtained via classic Feulgen staining and genome sizes measured using flow cytometry in Korean irises. More than a two-fold variation in chromosome numbers (2n = 22 to 2n = 50) and over a three-fold genome size variation (2.39 pg to 7.86 pg/1 C) suggest the putative polyploid and/or dysploid origin of some taxa. Our study demonstrates that the patterns of genome size variation and chromosome number changes in Korean irises do not correlate with the phylogenetic relationships and could have been affected by different evolutionary processes involving polyploidy or dysploidy. This study presents the first comprehensive chromosomal and genome size data for Korean Iris species. Further studies involving molecular cytogenetic and phylogenomic analyses are needed to interpret the mechanisms involved in the origin of chromosomal variation in the Iris.
Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins
Authors: Sarika P. R. , Nancarrow Paul , Khansaheb Abdulrahman , Ibrahim Taleb
Published: September 2020

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.
Development of Biodegradable Flame-Retardant Bamboo Charcoal Composites, Part II: Thermal Degradation, Gas Phase, and Elemental Analyses
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhang Liang , Semple Kate , Zhang Min , Zhang Wenbiao , Dai Chunping
Published: September 2020

Bamboo charcoal (BC) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) singly and in combination were investigated as flame-retardant fillers for polylactic acid (PLA). A set of BC/PLA/AHP composites were prepared by melt-blending and tested for thermal and flame-retardancy properties in Part I. Here, in Part II, the results for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron analysis (XPS) are presented. The fillers either singly or together promoted earlier initial thermal degradation of the surface of BC/PLA/AHP composites, with a carbon residue rate up to 40.3%, providing a protective layer of char. Additionally, BC promotes heterogeneous nucleation of PLA, while AHP improves the mechanical properties and machinability. Gaseous combustion products CO, aromatic compounds, and carbonyl groups were significantly suppressed in only the BC-PLA composite, but not pure PLA or the BC/PLA/AHP system. The flame-retardant effects of AHP and BC-AHP co-addition combine effective gas-phase and condensed-phase surface phenomena that provide a heat and oxygen barrier, protecting the inner matrix. While it generated much CO2 and smoke during combustion, it is not yet clear whether BC addition on its own contributes any significant gas phase protection for PLA.
Disease Detection in Plum Using Convolutional Neural Network under True Field Conditions
Authors: Ahmad Jamil , Jan Bilal , Farman Haleem , Ahmad Wakeel , Ullah Atta
Published: September 2020

The agriculture sector faces crop losses every year due to diseases around the globe, which adversely affect food productivity and quality. Detecting and identifying plant diseases at an early stage is still a challenge for farmers, particularly in developing countries. Widespread use of mobile computing devices and the advancements in artificial intelligence have created opportunities for developing technologies to assist farmers in plant disease detection and treatment. To this end, deep learning has been widely used for disease detection in plants with highly favorable outcomes. In this paper, we propose an efficient convolutional neural network-based disease detection framework in plum under true field conditions for resource-constrained devices. As opposed to the publicly available datasets, images used in this study were collected in the field by considering important parameters of image-capturing devices such as angle, scale, orientation, and environmental conditions. Furthermore, extensive data augmentation was used to expand the dataset and make it more challenging to enable robust training. Investigations of recent architectures revealed that transfer learning of scale-sensitive models like Inception yield results much better with such challenging datasets with extensive data augmentation. Through parameter quantization, we optimized the Inception-v3 model for deployment on resource-constrained devices. The optimized model successfully classified healthy and diseased fruits and leaves with more than 92% accuracy on mobile devices.
An Acquisition Method for Visible and Near Infrared Images from Single CMYG Color Filter Array-Based Sensor
Authors: Park Younghyeon , Jeon Byeungwoo
Published: September 2020

Near-infrared (NIR) images are very useful in many image processing applications, including banknote recognition, vein detection, and surveillance, to name a few. To acquire the NIR image together with visible range signals, an imaging device should be able to simultaneously capture NIR and visible range images. An implementation of such a system having separate sensors for NIR and visible light has practical shortcomings due to its size and hardware cost. To overcome this, a single sensor-based acquisition method is investigated in this paper. The proposed imaging system is equipped with a conventional color filter array of cyan, magenta, yellow, and green, and achieves signal separation by applying a proposed separation matrix which is derived by mathematical modeling of the signal acquisition structure. The elements of the separation matrix are calculated through color space conversion and experimental data. Subsequently, an additional denoising process is implemented to enhance the quality of the separated images. Experimental results show that the proposed method successfully separates the acquired mixed image of visible and near-infrared signals into individual red, green, and blue (RGB) and NIR images. The separation performance of the proposed method is compared to that of related work in terms of the average peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) and color distance. The proposed method attains average PSNR value of 37.04 and 33.29 dB, respectively for the separated RGB and NIR images, which is respectively 6.72 and 2.55 dB higher than the work used for comparison.
Association between Daily-Life Gait Quality Characteristics and Physiological Fall Risk in Older People
Authors: Schootemeijer Sabine , Weijer Roel H.A. , Hoozemans Marco J.M. , van Schooten Kimberley S. , Delbaere Kim , Pijnappels Mirjam
Published: September 2020

Gait quality characteristics obtained from accelerometry during daily life are predictive of falls in older people but it is unclear how they relate to fall risk. Our aim was to test whether these gait quality characteristics are associated with the severity of fall risk. We collected one week of trunk accelerometry data from 279 older people (aged 65–95 years; 69.5% female). We used linear regression to investigate the association between six daily-life gait quality characteristics and categorized physiological fall risk (QuickScreen). Logarithmic rate of divergence in the vertical (VT) and anteroposterior (AP) direction were significantly associated with the level of fall risk after correction for walking speed (both p < 0.01). Sample entropy in VT and the mediolateral direction and the gait quality composite were not significantly associated with the level of fall risk. We found significant differences between the high fall risk group and the very low- and low-risk groups, the moderate- and very low-risk and the moderate and low-risk groups for logarithmic rate of divergence in VT and AP (all p ≤ 0.01). We conclude that logarithmic rate of divergence in VT and AP are associated with fall risk, making them feasible to assess the physiological fall risk in older people.
Feasibility Study of Precise Balloon Catheter Tracking and Visualization with Fast Photoacoustic Microscopy
Authors: Kim Jahae , Mai Thi Thao , Kim Jin Young , Min Jung-Joon , Kim Chulhong , Lee Changho
Published: September 2020

Correct guiding of the catheter is a critical issue in almost all balloon catheter applications, including arterial stenosis expansion, coronary arterial diseases, and gastrointestinal tracking. To achieve safe and precise guiding of the balloon catheter, a novel imaging method with high-resolution, sufficient depth of penetration, and real-time display is required. Here, we present a new balloon catheter guiding method using fast photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) technique for precise balloon catheter tracking and visualization as a feasibility study. We implemented ex vivo and in vivo experiments with three different medium conditions of balloon catheter: no air, air, and water. Acquired cross-sectional, maximum amplitude projection (MAP), and volumetric 3D PAM images demonstrated its capability as a new imaging guiding tool for balloon catheter tracking and visualization.
Optimizing the Sensor Placement for Foot Plantar Center of Pressure without Prior Knowledge Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lin Cheng-Wu , Ruan Shanq-Jang , Hsu Wei-Chun , Tu Ya-Wen , Han Shao-Li
Published: September 2020

We study the foot plantar sensor placement by a deep reinforcement learning algorithm without using any prior knowledge of the foot anatomical area. To apply a reinforcement learning algorithm, we propose a sensor placement environment and reward system that aims to optimize fitting the center of pressure (COP) trajectory during the self-selected speed running task. In this environment, the agent considers placing eight sensors within a 7 × 20 grid coordinate system, and then the final pattern becomes the result of sensor placement. Our results show that this method (1) can generate a sensor placement, which has a low mean square error in fitting ground truth COP trajectory, and (2) robustly discovers the optimal sensor placement in a large number of combinations, which is more than 116 quadrillion. This method is also feasible for solving different tasks, regardless of the self-selected speed running task.
A Low-Cost Automatic Vehicle Identification Sensor for Traffic Networks Analysis
Authors: Álvarez-Bazo Fernando , Sánchez-Cambronero Santos , Vallejo David , Glez-Morcillo Carlos , Rivas Ana , Gallego Inmaculada
Published: September 2020

In recent years, different techniques to address the problem of observability in traffic networks have been proposed in multiple research projects, being the technique based on the installation of automatic vehicle identification sensors (AVI), one of the most successful in terms of theoretical results, but complex in terms of its practical application to real studies. Indeed, a very limited number of studies consider the possibility of installing a series of non-definitive plate scanning sensors in the elements of a network, which allow technicians to obtain a better conclusions when they deal with traffic network analysis such as urbans mobility plans that involve the estimation of traffic flows for different scenarios. With these antecedents, the contributions of this paper are (1) an architecture to deploy low-cost sensors network able to be temporarily installed on the city streets as an alternative of rubber hoses commonly used in the elaboration of urban mobility plans; (2) a design of the low-cost, low energy sensor itself, and (3) a sensor location model able to establish the best set of links of a network given both the study objectives and of the sensor needs of installation. A case of study with the installation of as set of proposed devices is presented, to demonstrate its viability.
A CMM-Based Method of Control Point Position Calibration for Light Pen Coordinate Measuring System
Authors: Wang Sen , Liu Shugui , Mao Qing
Published: September 2020

A light pen coordinate measuring system (LPCMS) is a kind of vision-based portable coordinate measuring technique. It implements coordinate measurement by analyzing the image of a light pen, which has several control points and a probe. The relative positions of control points need to be determined before measurement and serve as the measuring basis in LPCMS. How to accurately calibrate the relative positions of control points is the most important issue in system calibration. In this paper, a new method of control point position calibration based on a traditional coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is proposed. A light pen is fastened to the measuring arm of a CMM and performs accurate translational movement driven by the CMM. A camera is used to capture the images of control points at different positions, and the corresponding readings of the CMM are recorded at the same time. By establishing a separate coordinate system for each control point, the relative positions of the control points can be transformed to the differences of a series of translation vectors. Experiments show that the calibration repeatability of control point positions can reach 10 μm and the standard deviation of measurement of the whole LPCMS can reach 30 μm. A CMM is used to generate accurate translation, which provides a high accuracy basis of calibration. Through certain mathematical treatment, tremendous data acquired by moving the light pen to tens of thousands of different positions can be processed in a simple way, which can reduce the influence of random error. Therefore, the proposed method provides a high-accuracy solution of control point position calibration for LPCMS.
Suitability of Ornamental Pepper Cultivars as Banker Plants for the Establishment of Predatory Mite Amblyseius swirskii in Controlled Production
Authors: Kumar Vivek , McKenzie Cindy L. , Avery Pasco B. , Osborne Lance S.
Published: September 2020

A banker plant system is a rearing and release method for biological control agents, and in recent years has gained serious attention among plant propagators for its use in regulating common greenhouse and nursery pests. In the current study, the suitability of four ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae) banker plant candidates, Black Pearl (BP), Explosive Ember (EE), Masquerade (MA), Red Missile (RM), and a commercial pepper cultivar, Blitz (BL), were evaluated with three main objectives: (1) to assess host preference of three major arthropod pests of agricultural importance, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks, and Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande among selected pepper cultivars; (2) to determine the susceptibility of plant cultivars to three different pests; and (3) to assess the effect of tuft domatia on the abundance of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias–Henriot. In choice and no-choice assays, BL and BP were highly susceptible to P. latus with a moderately high damage rating index of >3.5/5; B. tabaci and F. occidentalis were abundant on BL and EE. A positive correlation was observed between the number of tuft domatia and the A. swirskii count. Although all ornamental pepper cultivars exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility to different arthropod pests, if used strategically, cultivars MA and RM can be used to develop a banker plant system and help reduce multiple pests in greenhouses or interiorscapes.
Reprintable Paste-Based Materials for Additive Manufacturing in a Circular Economy
Authors: Sauerwein Marita , Zlopasa Jure , Doubrovski Zjenja , Bakker Conny , Balkenende Ruud
Published: September 2020

The circular economy requires high-value material recovery to enable multiple product lifecycles. This implies the need for additive manufacturing to focus on the development and use of low-impact materials that, after product use, can be reconstituted to their original properties in terms of printability and functionality. We therefore investigated reprintable materials, made from bio-based resources. In order to equally consider material properties and recovery during development, we took a design approach to material development. In this way, the full material and product life cycle was studied, including multiple recovery steps. We applied this method to the development of a reprintable bio-based composite material for extrusion paste printing. This material is derived from natural and abundant resources, i.e., ground mussel shells and alginate. The alginate in the printing paste is ionically cross-linked after printing to create a water-resistant material. This reaction can be reversed to retain a printable paste. We studied paste composition, printability and material properties and 3D printed a design prototype. Alginate as a binder shows good printing and reprinting behaviour, as well as promising material properties. It thus demonstrates the concept of reprintable materials.
Norwegian Kindergarten Children’s Knowledge about the Environmental Component of Sustainable Development
Authors: Melis Claudia , Wold Per-Arvid , Bjørgen Kathrine , Moe Børge
Published: September 2020

Although kindergarten children are the group of citizens who will face the consequences of today’s environmental challenges, research on their knowledge about environmental sustainability is limited. In June 2019, we interviewed 56 children (five to six years old) from eight kindergartens in Norway and asked kindergarten staff and the children’s parents to fill out a short questionnaire. The aim of the study was to investigate children’s knowledge of how our actions affect the natural environment and children’s self-declared sense of belonging to nature. Our results show that upon completing kindergarten, many children had gained an early understanding of environmental sustainability. Garbage disposal, deforestation, and air pollution from vehicles were the environmental issues children were most aware. We detected a positive association between time spent in nature with parents and children’s knowledge; this emphasizes the importance of children spending time in nature with their parents.
Cosmogenic Activation in Double Beta Decay Experiments
Authors: Cebrián Susana
Published: September 2020

Double beta decay is a very rare nuclear process and, therefore, experiments intended to detect it must be operated deep underground and in ultra-low background conditions. Long-lived radioisotopes produced by the previous exposure of materials to cosmic rays on the Earth’s surface or even underground can become problematic for the required sensitivity. Here, the studies developed to quantify and reduce the activation yields in detectors and materials used in the set-up of these experiments will be reviewed, considering target materials like germanium, tellurium and xenon together with other ones commonly used like copper, lead, stainless steel or argon. Calculations following very different approaches and measurements from irradiation experiments using beams or directly cosmic rays will be considered for relevant radioisotopes. The effect of cosmogenic activation in present and future double beta decay projects based on different types of detectors will be analyzed too.
Non-Relativistic Limit of Embedding Gravity as General Relativity with Dark Matter
Authors: Paston Sergey
Published: September 2020

Regge-Teitelboim embedding gravity is the modified gravity based on a simple string-inspired geometrical principle—our spacetime is considered here as a 4-dimensional surface in a flat bulk. This theory is similar to the recently popular theory of mimetic gravity—the modification of gravity appears in both theories as a result of the change of variables in the action of General Relativity. Embedding gravity, as well as mimetic gravity, can be used in explaining the dark matter mystery since, in both cases, the modified theory can be presented as General Relativity with additional fictitious matter (embedding matter or mimetic matter). For the general case, we obtain the equations of motion of embedding matter in terms of embedding function as a set of first-order dynamical equations and constraints consistent with them. Then, we construct a non-relativistic limit of these equations, in which the motion of embedding matter turns out to be slow enough so that it can play the role of cold dark matter. The non-relativistic embedding matter turns out to have a certain self-interaction, which could be useful in the context of solving the core-cusp problem that appears in the Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model.
Investigating Decision Mechanisms of Statutory Stakeholders in Flood Risk Strategy Formation: A Computational Experiments Approach
Authors: Koutiva Ifigeneia , Lykou Archontia , Pantazis Chris , Makropoulos Christos
Published: September 2020

Cities at risk of extreme hydro-meteorological events need to be prepared to decrease the extent of the impacts. However, sometimes, authorities only react to catastrophes failing to proactively prepare against extremes. This can be a result of both absent structural protection measures and problematic governance. While for the first, models exist that can simulate the effect, the effect of the latter is difficult to quantify. This work aims to explore the effects that typical authorities’ behaviour has on the decisions for preparing and protecting a city against floods. This behaviour includes how the different authorities decide, for example, on whether or not to cooperate with each other, build something, assign funding to something, etc. These decisions affect directly the preparedness against and the protection from flood events. For that matter, the institutional analysis framework was used to conceptualise the decision-making processes of authorities responsible for flood risk management. Based on this, an agent-based modelling tool has been created, enabling the exploration of the system’s behaviour under different scenarios. The tool is used as a case study of the responsible authorities for flood protection in the city of Rethymno on the island of Crete, Greece. The tool has a user-friendly interface enabling the end-users to explore the drivers of decision-making processes under different conditions.
Method Consideration of Variation Diagnosis and Design Value Calculation of Flood Sequence in Yiluo River Basin, China
Authors: Li Xinxin , Ma Xixia , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Wenjiang
Published: September 2020

The conventional approaches of the design flood calculation are based on the assumption that the hydrological time series is subject to the same distribution in the past, present, and future, i.e., the series should be consistent. However, the traditional methods may result in overdesign in the water conservancy project since the series has non-stationary variations due to climate change and human activities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new approach for frequency estimation of non-stationary time series of extreme values. This study used four kinds of mutation test methods (the linear trend correlation coefficient, Mann–Kendall test, sliding t-test, and Pettitt test) to identify the trend and mutation of the annual maximum flow series (1950–2006) of three hydrological stations in the Yiluo River Basin. Then we evaluated the performance of two types of design flood methods (the time series decomposition-synthesis method, the mixed distribution model) under the impacts of climate change and human activities on hydro-meteorological conditions. The results showed that (a) the design flood value obtained by the time series decomposition-synthesis method based on the series of the backward restore is larger than that obtained by the decomposition synthesis method based on the series of the forward restore; (b) when the return period is 100 years or less, the design flood value obtained by the mixed distribution model using the capacity ratio parameter estimation method is less than that obtained by the hybrid distribution model with simulated annealing parameter estimation method; and (c) both methods can overcome sequence inconsistency in design frequencies. This study provides insight into the frequency estimation of non-stationary time series of extreme values under the impacts of climate change and human activities on hydro-meteorological conditions.
Impact of COVID-19 on loneliness, mental health, and health service utilisation: a prospective cohort study of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care
Authors: Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Zhang Dexing , Sit Regina Wing Shan , Yip Benjamin Hon Kei , Chung Roger Yat-nork , Wong Carmen Ka Man , Chan Dicken Cheong Chun , Sun Wen , Kwok Kin On , Mercer Stewart W
Published: September 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the psychological health and health service utilisation of older adults with multimorbidity, who are particularly vulnerable.

Aim

To describe changes in loneliness, mental health problems, and attendance to scheduled medical care before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and setting

Telephone survey on a pre-existing cohort of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care.

Method

Mental health and health service utilisation outcomes were compared with the outcomes before the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong using paired t-tests, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test, and McNemar’s test. Loneliness was measured by the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. The secondary outcomes (anxiety, depression, and insomnia) were measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Appointments attendance data were extracted from a computerised medical record system. Sociodemographic factors associated with outcome changes were examined by linear regression and generalised estimating equations.

Results

Data were collected from 583 older (≥60 years) adults. There were significant increases in loneliness, anxiety, and insomnia, after the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak. Missed medical appointments over a 3-month period increased from 16.5% 1 year ago to 22.0% after the onset of the outbreak. In adjusted analysis, being female, living alone, and having >4 chronic conditions were independently associated with increased loneliness. Females were more likely to have increased anxiety and insomnia.

Conclusion

Psychosocial health of older patients with multimorbidity markedly deteriorated and missed medical appointments substantially increased after the COVID-19 outbreak.
ANALISA PEMBIAYAAN PROPERTI MENGGUNAKAN AKAD MURABAHAH
Authors: Yulianto Edwin Rahmat
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana aplikasi akad Murabahah pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif berbasis deskriptif dengan melakukan studi lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis SWOT, yaitu dengan menganalisa faktor internal yaitu kekuatan, kelemahan, serta menganalisa faktor eksternal yaitu peluang maupun ancaman dari akad tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah akad Murabahah berada dalam posisi yang kuat dan berpeluang terus meningkat, sehingga bisa menghasilkan profit pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia.
BERHIJRAH DARI SISTEM EKONOMI SEKULER MENUJU SISTEM EKONOMI SYARI’AH
Authors: Sajadi Dahrun
Published: September 2020

Islam adalah sebuah sistem kehidupan yang lengkap. Kemampuan Islam dalam menciptakan kemajuan, kesejahteraan, dan kemakmuran telah terbukti di saat sistem Islam diberlakukan dan menjadi super power di seantero dunia. Konsep Islam mengenai ekonomi terbukti lebih unggul dibanding sistem ekonomi manapun. Kemampuan Islam menjawab krisis global dapat ditelusuri dari kenyataan, bisa dilihat dari kenyataan paradigmatis[1] berikut ini:
 
Politik ekonomi Islam didasarkan paradigma bahwa negara wajib menjamin tercapainya pemenuhan semua kebutuhan primer (basic needs) tiap warga, serta kemungkinan setiap orang memenuhi kebutuhan pelengkapnya. Pandangan semacam ini menjadi dasar bagi pemerintah dalam melakukan seluruh kegiatan ekonomi dalam negara. Negara tidak diperkenankan menetapkan pajak (dlariibah) bagi rakyatnya, dan tidak ada pandangan bahwa negara perlu atau tidak memberikan subsidi. Sebab, konteks hubungan antara negara dan rakyat dalam pandangan Islam adalah pelayanan dan pengaturan, bukan hubungan bisnis antara bawahan dan atasan. Karena itu, dalam konteks pelayanan dan pengaturan terhadap urusan rakyat, negara wajib memenuhi kepentingan rakyat banyak. Negara bahkan menjamin terpenuhinya kebutuhan primer atau vital tiap orang yang hidup dalam negara Islam, misalnya listrik, kesehatan, pendidikan, keamanan dan lainnya. Negara akan mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan berdasarkan tercukupinya kebutuhan primer dan pelengkap tiap-tiap individu.
 
 
[1]  Mohammad Husain 'Abdullah, Dirasaat fi al-Fikr al-Islaamiy, ed. I, 1990, hal. 57-58.
MANAJEMEN RESIKO DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Suparmin Asyari
Published: September 2020

Sunnatulloh yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari -hari tidak serba ada, serba mudah tnpa ada masalah, itulah di perlukan usaha atau ikhtiar manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan  tersebut.  Usaha  yang sudah di jalankan dengan mengerahkan segala potensi  tidak jarang blum membawa hasil. Bahkan tidak jarang rencana dan ikhtiar tersebut banyak hambatan yang menyebabkan kegagalan inilah yang sering yang di sebut dengn resiko.
Bagaimana konsep Manajemen resiko dalam Islam,  apakah berasuransi tidak bertentangan dengan taqdir ?  ini permasalahan yang akan menjdi pokok bhasan dan tlisan ini.
Islam  sebagaimana di jelaskan  dalm surah al hasyr ayat  I8 : “Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Bertakwal ah kepada Allah dan hendaklah setiap orang memperhatikan apa yang telah diperbuatnya untuk hari es ok (akhirat), dan bertakwalah kepada Allah. Sungguh, Allah Maha Teliti te rhadap apa apa yang kamu kerjakan”.(Q.S. al- Hasyr: 18)
Asuransi menjadi salh satu cara dalam mengelola resiko, hanya saja hinggasaat ini masih aa anggapan bahwa berasuransi bertentangn dengan taqdir. Asuransi syariah sebagai ikhtiar, yang tidak berlawanan engan konsep tawakal. Lam menglol resiko islm memberikan solusi engan konsep sharing risk.
THE EFFECT OF DIRECT COMPENSATION TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN FRONT OFFICE DEPARTMENT AT ST. REGIS BALI RESORT
Authors: Nanda Anak Agung William Vikha , Nyoman Gde Dewa Rucika  , Mahendra Adi Winatha  , Hilda Apriani
Published: September 2020

Analyzing the effect of direct compensation towards employee performance is essential for every business especially hospitality business. This research’s aims are to determine the effect of direct compensation towards employee performance, and know how to improve the employee performance through direct compensation front office department in St. Regis Bali Resort, based on theory of Mangkunegara and Bangun. The data of this research was collected through distributing online questionnaire, conducting interview, and observing the secondary data. In order to validate the data, data triangulation and SPSS are used when testing the data. The data analysis used are simple linear regression test, t-test, and coefficient determinant test. As the result of the research, there is a positive and significant effect of direct compensation on employee performance in Front Office Department at St. Regis Bali Resort. Thus, knowing the effect of direct compensation towards employee performance as well as optimizing the direct compensation provided are recommended to be done in order to maintain and improve employee performance.
‘KORIDOR KARANGWANGI’ SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WISATA KEKINIAN YANG BERBASIS BUDAYA KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Indrayana Yoyon
Published: September 2020

The city of Cirebon has a lot of potential for both tangible and intangible historical cultural heritages, so it is only right that the Cirebon city government makes all the riches of historical cultural heritage as a potential for future tourism. A comprehensive and integrated effort is needed in developing the city of Cirebon as a city for cultural tourism by involving many stakeholders, both from the government, DPRD, private sector, community and also actors of art and culture, so that Cirebon City can become a leading cultural tourism city. The large number of cultural potentials it has compared to other areas in West Java Province, makes Cirebon City has a very big opportunity to become a city for cultural tourism that is superior to others. With so many cultural heritages from various historical periods that are owned, there is no doubt that the superiority of cultural heritage values ​​in the city of Cirebon has a very high value and must be preserved and maintained as part of the effort to preserve the nation's culture. In order to further increase tourism in the city of Cirebon, contemporary tourist destinations need to be developed to serve the desires and tastes of tourists. The Karangwangi Corridor can be a strategy for developing cultural tourism that can be done. Several attempts to make it happen, such as; physical arrangement of roads that are good and beautiful, engineering traffic so they don't get jammed, arrangement of pedestrians so that pedestrians feel comfortable, arrangement of green open spaces so that the area becomes shady, arrangement of street furniture that adds to the aesthetics of the road, arrangement of city lights as lighting, arrangement billboards to be orderly and beautiful, and so on.
Implementasi Literasi dan Motivasi Membaca Siswa Di SMKN I Omben Sampang
Authors: Wafa Ali , Wardi Moh.
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Dalam pemilihan sumber data menggunakan purposive sampling karena pertimbangan tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bahwa: Pertama, motivasi baca siswa SMKN 1 Omben masih tergolong rendah, yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, yaitu: faktor letak geografis (pedesaan); paradigma orang tua termasuk masyarakat pada umumnya; orang tua perantau (TKI/TKW); kurangnya kesadaran siswa; kurangnya hubungan atau kerjasama antara orang tua dengan sekolah; pengaruh perkembangan teknologi. Kedua, ada dua peran guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi baca siswa: peran sebagai motivator dan peran sebagai fasilitator, guru memberikan atau menyediakan berbagai fasilitas yang dapat memudahkan siswa dalam proses belajar. Ketiga, implementasi literasi sebagai kegiatan yang wajib untuk berkunjung ke perpustkaan sekolah selama 35 menit sesuai dengan jadwal yang sudah ditentukan oleh pihak pengelola perpustakaan. Tujuannya untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran siswa tentang pentingnya membaca dan untuk menambah wawasan ilmu pengetahuan.Kata Kunci: Motivasi, membaca, Literasi

Abstract:This research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection method uses observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. In selecting data sources using purposive sampling because of certain considerations. Based on the results of the study, that: First, the motivation to read SMKN 1 Omben students is still relatively low, which is caused by many factors, namely: geographical location factors (rural); the paradigm of parents including society in general; immigrant parents (TKI/TKW); lack of student awareness; lack of relationship or cooperation between parents and school; the influence of technological development. Second, there are two roles of the teacher in increasing students' reading motivation: the role of a motivator and the role of a facilitator, the teacher providing or providing various facilities that can facilitate students in the learning process. Third, the implementation of literacy as a mandatory activity to visit the school library for 35 minutes in accordance with the schedule determined by the library manager. The aim is to foster student awareness of the importance of reading and to broaden scientific insights.Keywords: Motivation, Read, Literacy
conflicto del Atlántico Sur:
Authors: Magnani Ezequiel
Published: September 2020

La decisión del gobierno de facto argentino de recuperar militarmente las Islas Malvinas la mañana del 2 de abril de 1982 fue un hecho que sorprendió al mundo. La distribución de poder favorable al Estado sudamericano en el Atlántico Sur hizo que el mismo no necesite balancear el poder de Gran Bretaña ni maximizar el poder a través de la conquista de territorio. En este sentido, nos preguntamos, ¿Por qué el gobierno de facto argentino tomó la decisión de recuperar las islas? El intento por responder esta pregunta nos lleva a cuestionar la validez de las teorías estrictamente sistémicas para analizar este caso, ya que el país del Cono Sur no tomo la decisión bajo las presiones estructurales del sistema internacional. De esta forma, tomando la distribución regional de poder como factor posibilitador, se analizará la cosmovisión particular que el gobierno militar argentino tenía del sistema internacional como una variable doméstica que tiene capacidad explicativa para entender por qué la Junta tomó la decisión de recuperar las islas vía acción militar. La consideración de esta variable nos permitirá ver la postura del gobierno de facto frente a la presencia de Gran Bretaña en la distribución regional de poder en conjunto con la interpretación exagerada que se hacían de los cambios en dicha distribución. Por último, el trabajo buscará mostrar de qué forma estos dos factores condicionaron el proceso de toma de decisión y las acciones de política exterior del gobierno militar argentino que llevaron a recuperar militarmente las Islas Malvinas.
“I don’t want people to think I’m a criminal”: Calling for more compassionate policing in child and youth mental health
Authors: Liegghio Maria , Truong Alexis H. , Canas Herberth , Al-Bader Hamad
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present the outcomes of a narrative study of thirteen interviews with six child and youth mental health practitioners and seven caregivers with a child between 12 and 24 years old involved with the mental health system and with a history of police involvement. The focus of the interviews was the how young people involved with the mental health system and their caregivers had experienced police encounters. Two main categories of themes emerged. Presented here are the outcomes in terms of the reasons for and nature of the police encounters. Across the interviews, police services were accessed primarily for support to deescalate physical or verbal situations involving a distressed child. As two subcategories, police encounters were described as negative and associated with stigma and criminalization, while positive encounters were associated with the appropriate use of police authority. A call is made for more compassionate policing.
COURAGE AND CREATIVE PROCESS IN OSMAN AYOB'S AUTHORS THROUGH EMPANGAN TUGAL NOVEL
Authors: Mat Nor Nurul Husna
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to discuss courage with the creative process of creating a novel within the author. The limitation of this study is the study based on the novel Empangan Tugal by Osman Ayob's. In addition, this qualitative study and approach to the library will also discuss the bravery and creative process of creating the work. This study is supplemented by the research documentation related to Theory Rasa-Fenomenologi by Abdul Aziz. According to the theory of Rasa-Fenomenologi, aesthetic experience is an experience experienced when a simultaneous process takes place in the mind of the reader. Second, the literary work undergoes transformations into aesthetic objects and the third is the common awareness of transforming into aesthetic consciousness. Analysis of this study found that Osman Ayob did not miss the novel using the creative process. This study focuses on the bravery and creative process of Osman Ayob's authorship through the Empangan Tugal novel. This study looks at how the values of bravery and creative processes in Osman Ayob's authorship are used in the text. The selection of the Empangan Tugal novel is because this novel highlights the value of courage in the text surrounding the life of the people today.
A “Lei da Corrida” de Rua da Cidade de Campinas/SP/Brasil
Authors: Rojo Jeferson Roberto , Starepravo Fernando Augusto , Canan Felipe , Silva Marcelo Moraes e
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo objetivou analisar, sob a luz da Policy Analysis, as primeiras repercussões da denominada “Lei da Corrida”, produto do poder legislativo do município brasileiro de Campinas/SP. De característica qualitativa, a pesquisa utilizou como fontes o ordenamento jurídico diretamente relacionado à lei, bem como reportagens e seus comentários referentes à sua criação. Como resultado, verificou-se que a norma se caracteriza como política regulatória e foi desenvolvida por uma Policy Network que envolvia o legislador e um grupo de corredores amadores competitivos. No que tange à Policy Arena, observou-se que gerou conflitos dentro do universo da corrida de rua, envolvendo agentes de diferentes categorias de corredores. Conclui-se que a formulação da lei gerou repercussões e, consequentemente, conflitos dentro da arena de disputa. Entretanto, os impactos na forma com que os eventos serão realizados a partir dela precisam ser apurados após um período maior de vigência da legislação.
Os Impactos Causados pelos Decretos da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte no Lazer da População em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Couto Ana Cláudia Porfírio , Rezende Fábio Henrique França , Medina Aládia Cristina Rodrigues
Published: September 2020

O lazer é direito constitucional e, em tempos de pandemia, o acesso a esse direito sofre consequências com o distanciamento social. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto das medidas adotadas pela Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (PBH) durante a pandemia da Covid-19 nas práticas de lazer da população. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com dados secundários, na qual a investigação se deu através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura existente relacionando a pandemia da Covid-19, os Decretos da PBH referentes ao distanciamento social e quarentena previstos para a cidade. Considera-se que os equipamentos públicos de lazer e acesso aos mesmos sofreram impactos decorrentes da pandemia da Covid-19, modificando, portanto, as formas da população de vivenciar o lazer.
Evaluation of quantum yields and thermally stimulated luminescence glow curves of Ag-doped phosphate glasses
Authors: Kato Takumi , Shiratori Daiki , Nakauchi Daisuke , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yanagida Takayuki
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research is to evaluate quantum yield (QY) values in radiophotoluminescence (RPL) centers and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) properties of the Ag-doped phosphate glass. After X-ray irradiation to the Ag-doped phosphate glass, a luminescence center of Ag2+newly appeared at 650 nm of which QY value was 17.8% when the irradiation dose was 10 Gy. It indicates a monotonic increase with irradiation dose from 0.3 to 30 Gy as the RPL response. On the other hand, the QY value of an original luminescence center of Ag+decreased from 3.5% to 2.0% by irradiation. The TSL glow curve before preheating consists of two peaks at 80 °C and 350 °C and the initial rise method derived activation energies of 0.48 and 0.93 eV, respectively.
Kajian analisis biaya dan manfaat (cost-benefit analysis) kawasan agrowisata di Indonesia
Authors: Putra I Gusti Bagus Ananta Wijaya , Prijanto Agung , Sukendar Ni Made Classia , Arisena Gede Mekse Korri
Published: September 2020

Agrotourism is a part of the tourist attraction that utilizes agricultural business as a tourist attraction. This study aims to compare financial feasibility studies on several agrotourism in Indonesia. The study about financial feasibility needs to be done as a material consideration in making a business decision. The method used a literature study for secondary data collection from several journals including NPV, IRR and Net B/C Ratio. This study reviews five agrotourism, that relates with cost-benefit analysis, including Kebun Buah Mangunan agrotourism, Kampung Budaya Sidangbarang agrotourism, Bukit Ganjau agrotourism, Bina Darma agrotourism, and Jamu Ramuan Madura agrotourism. The results of this study were obtained at Jamu Ramuan Madura agrotourism that was the most feasible with an NPV value of Rp. 13,979,701,973.49, - IRR of 30.52%, and Net B/C Ratio of 10.22 which indicated this agrotourism was feasible to run. This agrotourism is the most feasible because it has the highest value among the five other agrotourism. Kampung Budaya Sidangbarang agrotourism is the lowest feasibility level because it has an NPV value of Rp. 597,264,637.59, - with a Net B/C value of 1.60 and an IRR of 15.13%. Based on this, it is expected that the results of this study can become a reference for tourism developers to see the potential of agrotourism in areas that have the best financial viability.
Virulensi beberapa isolat Pantoea ananatis penyebab penyakit hawar daun bakteri (bacterial leaf blight) pada varietas bawang merah
Authors: Asrul Asrul
Published: September 2020

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Pantoea ananatis in onions is a new disease in Indonesia. Information regarding the level of virulence of these pathogens in onion plants is unknown. This study aims to determine the level of virulence of P. ananatis isolates in onion plants originating from Cirebon, Tegal, Nganjuk, Bantul, and Sigi districts. The study was conducted by an experimental method using 150 pathogen isolates and 4 onion cultivars in a greenhouse from 5 regions. Experimental data were analyzed descriptively with the help of image and table views. The results showed that all pathogenic isolates had the same level of virulence (uniform) and were very virulent against 4 cultivars of obese bima, blue rice fields, bauji, and palasa. All of these isolates gave the same response to the fast incubation period (2.35 - 2.90 days), the percentage of leaves that were heavily attacked (67.44 - 81.76%), and a high infection rate (> 0.5 units per day).