bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of dyes by Moringa oleifera seed extract. Study through response surface methodology
Authors: Beltrán‐Heredia J. , Sánchez‐Martïn J. , Delgado‐Regalado A.
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND: The effect of pH and initial dye concentration (IDC) on dye removal by coagulation/flocculation process with Moringa oleifera seed extract has been studied. The study was carried out by using the response surface methodology (RSM) in an orthogonal and rotatable design of experiments. Three types of dye were studied: anthraquinonic (Alizarin Violet 3R); indigoid (Indigo Carmine); and azoic (Palatine Fast Black WAN).

RESULTS: The interaction level of the two variables studied is higher in the case of azo dye, while it is almost null in the case of anthraquinonic dye. Indigoid dye presents an intermediate situation. pH has a negative influence on dye removal, and by raising IDC q capacity tends to be higher. Polynomic regression of the surface plot was carried out and the adjusted r2 found for each case, this being 0.99 in the case of anthraquinonic dye, 0.94 in the case of indigoid dye, and 0.74 in the case of azoic dye.

CONCLUSIONS: Moringa oleifera is an interesting natural coagulation agent for use in dye removal. pH should be taken into account in the cases of indigoid and azo dyes, while its influence is rather small in the case of anthraquinonic dye. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing phenanthrene degradation by alginate‐encapsulated and free Pseudomonas sp. UG14Lr cells in heavy metal contaminated soils
Authors: Somtrakoon Khanitta , Suanjit Sudarat , Pokethitiyook Prayad , Kruatrachue Maleeya , Cassidy Michael B. , Trevors Jack T. , Lee Hung , Upatham Suchart
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND: Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated sites also contain high levels of toxic heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals can adversely affect PAH biodegradation. Encapsulation of bacterial cells has been shown to improve survival and activity of cells under various environmental stresses. This study examined if encapsulation of a phenanthrene‐mineralizing bacterial strain could improve its survival and phenanthrene degradation in heavy metal contaminated soils.

RESULTS: Alginate encapsulation did not improve survival and phenanthrene degradation by Pseudomonas sp. UG14Lr in heavy metal contaminated soil. Phenanthrene degradation by, and survival of, free cells and alginate‐encapsulated cells were similar in soil contaminated with 5 mg kg−1 dry soil of As, Cd, or Pb. The number of UG14Lr cells decreased to undetectable level when the concentration of each heavy metal was increased to 100 mg kg−1 dry soil. UG14Lr, when inoculated as free cells, survived the best and they were detected over 60 days of incubation in soil. Cells in both wet and dry alginate beads survived less well than free cells at the higher metal concentrations. Correspondingly, phenanthrene degradation in soil inoculated with free UG14Lr was better than that in soil inoculated with alginate‐encapsulated cells.

CONCLUSION: Alginate encapsulation adversely affected the survival and phenanthrene degradation ability of UG14Lr cells in heavy metal contaminated soil. It is postulated that alginate may have concentrated the metals which in turn increased the toxicity to UG14Lr cells. The results are of interest to those interested in the use of encapsulation technology to formulate microbial cells for bioremediation purposes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Intraoperative ultrasound in colorectal surgery
Authors: Greif Franklin , Aranovich David , Hananel Nissim , Knizhnik Mikhail , Belenky Alexander
Published: May 2009

Purpose.

To assess the accuracy of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) as a localizing technique for colorectal resections, and its impact on surgical management.

Methods.

Twenty‐five patients (15 men and 10 women; mean age, 74.4 years) with early cancers (p T1), or polyps, not amenable to endoscopic removal were selected. IOUS was used as a sole method of intraoperative localization. Its performance was evaluated through review of preoperative colonoscopy reports, intraoperative findings, histopathology reports, and clinical follow‐up.

Results.

The lesions were situated in the cecum (n = 5), ascending colon (n = 3), transverse colon (n = 4), descending colon (n = 7), and rectum (n = 6). IOUS technique allowed correct localization in 24 of 25 patients, visualization of the bowel wall, and its penetration by malignant tumors. In rectal lesions, IOUS showed clearly the tumor and its margin, which facilitated performance sphincter‐sparing procedure.

Conclusion.

In patients with small polyps and early cancers of colon and rectum, IOUS may be effectively used as a sole method of intraoperative localization and provide additional information that may alter decision making with regard to surgical technique. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Sonography versus nerve conduction studies in patients referred with a clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Pastare D. , Therimadasamy A.K. , Lee E. , Wilder‐Smith E.P.
Published: May 2009

Purpose.

To compare the diagnostic value of high‐resolution ultrasound (US) with nerve conduction studies (NCS) in patients with clinically defined carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods.

A prospective study was conducted on 66 consecutive patients investigated for sensory hand symptoms. The gold standard was the clinical diagnosis of CTS.

Results.

NCS showed greater diagnostic sensitivity (82%) than US (62%) in supporting a diagnosis of CTS. With increasing neurophysiologic severity of median neuropathy, there was increasing convergence of the two test methods. Abnormal US as the only diagnostic supportive evidence of CTS was rare. However, the positive predictive value of US for CTS was 100%.

Conclusion.

NCS show better sensitivity than US in supporting a diagnosis of CTS. However, because of its high positive predictive value, one may consider using US as a screening test, eliminating the need for NCS in the majority of clinical suspicion of CTS and reserving NCS for cases in which US is negative. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
A facile synthesis of furo[3,4‐e]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5(7H)‐one derivatives via three‐component reaction in ionic liquid without any catalyst
Authors: Shi Da‐Qing , Yang Fang , Ni Sai‐Nan
Published: May 2009

magnified image

A series of furo[3,4‐e]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5(7H)‐one and indeno[2,1‐e]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5(1H)‐one derivatives were synthesized via the three‐component reaction of an aldehyde, 5‐aminopyrazole and either tetronic acid or 1,3‐indanedione in ionic liquid without any catalyst. The structures of the products have been established by spectroscopic data and further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. This method has the advantages of easier work‐up, mild reaction conditions, high yields and an environmentally benign procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 469 (2009).
Improved preparation of 3‐(1,1‐dimethylallyl)decursinol
Authors: Jiang Xiangrui , Li Jianfeng , Zhang Rongxia , Guo Hongli , Huang Shaolei , Shen Jingshan
Published: May 2009

magnified image

An improved preparation method of 3‐(1,1‐dimethylallyl)decursinol from inexpensive commercially available start material was described. In the cyclization of 13, silica gel was used as catalyst to give 1 with high purity and satisfying yield. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 560 (2009).
Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of novel bis(diamino)thiazoles
Authors: Manju Sreedharan L. , Devi Satyabhama K. C. , Rajasekharan Kallikat N.
Published: May 2009

magnified image

The synthesis of novel bis(diamino)thiazoles has been achieved by reacting bis(bromoacetyl)benzene and 1‐alkyl(or aryl)‐3‐(N‐nitroamidino)thioureas in presence of triethylamine. These new compounds were characterized by spectral analysis and screened for antimicrobial activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 455 (2009).
Unexpected CO bond formation in Suzuki coupling of 4‐chlorothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Perspicace Enrico , Hesse Stéphanie , Kirsch Gilbert , Yemloul Mehdi , Lecomte Claude
Published: May 2009

magnified image

Palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki reactions were performed on 4‐chlorothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines under classical heating conditions and under microwave irradiation. Some unexpected results were obtained during this study as two kinds of compounds were isolated depending on the conditions used. A careful investigation of experimental details has shown that the expected CC bond formation occurred when degassed solvents were used (both in classical and microwave heating) whereas an unexpected CO bond formation happened when solvents were not degassed with argon‐bubbling before use. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 459 (2009).
Solvent‐free microwave‐assisted synthesis of 1H‐indole‐2, 3‐dione derivatives
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Shukla Sudhish Kumar , Ahamad Ishtiaque , Quraishi M. A.
Published: May 2009

magnified image

Microwave‐assisted synthesis has been found to increase both reaction rates and yields via more efficient heating compared with standard thermal conduction. Dry reaction of isatins with thiosemicarbazide and their thiosemicarbazone with secondary amine on acid—washed K10 in microwave oven afforded isatin‐3‐thiosemicarbazones and N‐Mannich bases in reasonably good yield. The chemical structures were confirmed by means of 1H NMR, IR spectral data, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 571 (2009).
Synthesis and spectral characterization of a novel series of methylcinnamate derivatives of 15‐crown‐5
Authors: Gündüz Cihan , Salan Ümit , Bulut Mustafa
Published: May 2009

magnified image

A series of novel methylcinnamate derivatives of 15‐crown‐5 have been synthesized. The derivatives of methylcinnamate have been prepared by a synthesis from the corresponding chromenone‐crown ether with MeONa/MeOH or KOH, CH3I, and DMSO as solvent. Novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and MALDI‐TOF. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 567 (2009).
In situ vinylpyrrole synthesis. Diels‐Alder reactions with maleimides to give tetrahydroindoles
Authors: Noland Wayland E. , Lanzatella Nicholas P. , Sizova Elena P. , Venkatraman Lakshmanan , Afanasyev Oleg V.
Published: May 2009

magnified image

A series of 108 tetrahydroindoles has been prepared by a one‐pot synthesis from 2‐alkylpyrroles, cyclic ketones, maleimides, and an acid catalyst. A 5‐vinylpyrrole is formed by an acid‐catalyzed condensation of a 2‐alkyl‐substituted pyrrole with a ketone, which is subsequently trapped in situ by a maleimide in a predominantly endo‐addition Diels‐Alder reaction. Isomerization of the double bond into the pyrrole ring gives a tetrahydroindole with predominant cis‐fusion of the cycloalkane ring. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 503 (2009).
Transitions of Care Consensus Policy Statement: American College of Physicians, Society of General Internal Medicine, Society of Hospital Medicine, American Geriatrics Society, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Authors: Snow Vincenza , Beck Dennis , Budnitz Tina , Miller Doriane C. , Potter Jane , Wears Robert L. , Weiss Kevin B. , Williams Mark V.
Published: May 2009

The American College of Physicians, Society of Hospital Medicine, and Society of General Internal Medicine convened a multi‐stakeholder consensus conference in July 2007 to address the quality gaps in the transitions between inpatient and outpatient settings and to develop consensus standards for these transitions. Over 30 organizations sent representatives to the Transitions of Care Consensus Conference. Participating organizations included medical specialty societies from internal medicine as well as family medicine and pediatrics, governmental agencies such as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, performance measure developers such as the National Committee for Quality Assurance and the American Medical Association Physician Consortium on Performance Improvement, nurse associations such as the Visiting Nurse Associations of America and Home Care and Hospice, pharmacist groups, and patient groups such as the Institute for Family‐Centered Care. The Transitions of Care Consensus Conference made recommendations for standards concerning the transitions between inpatient and outpatient settings for future implementation. The American College of Physicians, Society of Hospital Medicine, Society of General Internal Medicine, American Geriatric Society, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine all endorsed this document. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:364–370. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Synthesis, radiosynthesis andin vivoevaluation of [123I]‐4‐(2‐(bis(4‐fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)‐1‐(4‐iodobenzyl)piperidine as a selective tracer for imaging the dopamine transporter
Authors: De Bruyne S. , Boos T. L. , wyffels L. , Goeman J. L. , Rice K. C. , De Vos F.
Published: May 2009

Dopamine transporter (DAT) neuroimaging is a useful tool in Parkinson's disease diagnosis, staging and follow‐up providing information on the integrity of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter systemin vivo. 4‐(2‐(Bis(4‐fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)‐1‐(4‐iodobenzyl)piperidine (7) has nanomolar affinity for DAT and better selectivity over the other monoamine transporters compared with the existing SPECT radioligands for DAT. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate [123I]‐7 as anin vivotracer for DAT.

The tributylstannyl precursor was synthesized with an overall yield of 25%. [123I]‐7 was synthesized by electrophilic destannylation with a yield of 40±10%. Radiochemical purity appeared to be >98%, whereas specific activity was at least 667 GBq/µmol. Biodistribution studies in mice showed brain uptake of 0.96±0.53%ID/g at 30 s post injection (p.i.) and 0.26±0.02%ID/g at 3 h p.i. High blood activity was observed at all time points. Pretreatment with Cyclosporin A raised brain uptake indicating that [123I]‐7 is transported by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) pumps. In rats, regional brain distribution of [123I]‐7 was not in agreement with DAT distribution. These results indicate that [123I]‐7 is not suitable for mapping DATin vivobut could be a useful tracer for the P‐gp transporter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deuterium labelling of theaflavin
Authors: Peng Weimin , Yao Yin‐fang
Published: May 2009

An efficient deuterium labelling of theaflavin, aiming at radiolabelling of theaflavin, was accomplished for the first time by using 4‐deuterium‐labelled epi‐catechin as the precursor and the resulting D‐labelled theaflavin was fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS. The synthesis features a novel efficient polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzed benzotropolone formation. PPO was bound onto a selected polymer by a novel efficient method developed in this lab. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the elements of empathy as a component of care‐driven leadership
Authors: Undung Yosep , De Guzman Allan B.
Published: May 2009

Empathy plays a pivotal role in educational leadership practice. It creates and maintains a sound and dynamic interpersonal milieu in dynamic social enterprises such as schools, colleges, and universities. A phenomenological study was conducted to probe deeper the meaning of empathy as it is lived and constituted in the awareness of a select group of 13 Filipino academic administrators representing colleges in the Philippines. Anchored on the central question, “how do Filipino academic administrators collectively typify in their school leadership practices the elements of empathic concern, perspective taking, and empathic matching,” semistructured (Patton, 1990) and in‐depth interviews were conducted. Field texts were analyzed via a repertory grid. Through constant comparative analyses, an interesting set of conceptual categories notably describes the human and humane side of a caring leader, typified in the ability to effect listening, confluencing, and scaffolding in the journey with the faculty.
Assessing the value of the relationship between organizational culture types and knowledge management initiatives
Authors: Kangas Lisa M.
Published: May 2009

This mixed‐methods study assessed the relationship between organizational culture type and continuous knowledge management initiatives in a prominent global company in the transportation industry. The two‐part sequential phase of grounded theory included triangulation through collection and analysis of quantitative data from a questionnaire followed by collection and analysis of qualitative data from interviews, observations, and documents. The theory emerged from the findings, and the results of this research study revealed the importance for leaders of assessing their organizational culture type as it relates to continuous knowledge management initiatives. Research indicates that it is imperative for leaders to understand organizational culture types for long‐term success to occur. By generating the right organizational culture and continuous knowledge management initiatives, leaders will enhance value and help increase an organization's competitive advantage.
Are you a net creator or destroyer of talent? Seven indicators of organizational health for talent‐intensive organizations
Authors: Harro Ted , Miller Leslie A.
Published: May 2009

As far back as the ninth century BCE in Greece, a talent was a form of currency. In the 21st century, talents remain currency as the special gifts of knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics that individuals bring to organizations. Talent management, also known as human capital management, HCM, is a focus of leadership studies that increasingly strives to acknowledge and measure the tangible contributions that individuals make to the bottom line. In this symposium, we offer a position paper by Ted Harro and Leslie Miller who detail an innovative approach to address how leaders of organizations can create a consistent, positive flow of talent necessary to support success. Our respondents, Karen Kirwan, Dave Wondra, and Edward Perez, each add their perspectives to this timely discussion.
Talent and the human spirit
Authors: Wondra Dave
Published: May 2009

As far back as the ninth century BCE in Greece, a talent was a form of currency. In the 21st century, talents remain currency as the special gifts of knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics that individuals bring to organizations. Talent management, also known as human capital management, HCM, is a focus of leadership studies that increasingly strives to acknowledge and measure the tangible contributions that individuals make to the bottom line. In this symposium, we offer a position paper by Ted Harro and Leslie Miller who detail an innovative approach to address how leaders of organizations can create a consistent, positive flow of talent necessary to support success. Our respondents, Karen Kirwan, Dave Wondra, and Edward Perez, each add their perspectives to this timely discussion.
Choosing the right people and developing them
Authors: Perez Edward C.
Published: May 2009

As far back as the ninth century BCE in Greece, a talent was a form of currency. In the 21st century, talents remain currency as the special gifts of knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics that individuals bring to organizations. Talent management, also known as human capital management, HCM, is a focus of leadership studies that increasingly strives to acknowledge and measure the tangible contributions that individuals make to the bottom line. In this symposium, we offer a position paper by Ted Harro and Leslie Miller who detail an innovative approach to address how leaders of organizations can create a consistent, positive flow of talent necessary to support success. Our respondents, Karen Kirwan, Dave Wondra, and Edward Perez, each add their perspectives to this timely discussion.
Surviving submerged—Setal tracheal gills for gas exchange in adult rheophilic diving beetles
Authors: Kehl Siegfried , Dettner Konrad
Published: May 2009

The gas exchange in adult diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) relies on a subelytral air store, which has to be renewed in regular intervals at the water surface. The dive duration varies from a few minutes to 24 h depending on the species, activity, and temperature. However, some species remain submerged for several weeks. Stygobiont species do not ascend to the surface and gas exchange of these species remains unclear, but it is assumed that they require air filled voids for respiration or they use cutaneous respiration. In this study, we investigate the gas exchange in the running water diving beetle Deronectes aubei, which survive submerged for over 6 weeks. The diffusion distance through the cuticle is too great for cutaneous respiration. Therefore, the dissolved oxygen uptake of submerged beetles was determined and an oxygen uptake via the rich tracheated elytra was observed. Fine structure analyses (SEM and TEM) of the beetles showed tracheated setae mainly on the elytral surface, which acts as tracheal gills. Prevention of the air bubble formation at the tip of the abdomen, which normally act as physical gill in Dytiscidae, resulted in no effect in oxygen uptake in D. aubei, but this was the sole way for a submerged Hydroporus palustris to get oxygen. The setal gas exchange technique explains the restriction of D. aubei to rivers and brooks with high oxygen concentration and it may also be used by subterran living diving beetles, which lack access to atmospheric oxygen. The existence of setal tracheal gills in species in running water which are often found in the hyporheic zone and in stygobiont species supports the known evolution of stygobiont Dytiscidae from species of the hyporheic zone. For species in running water, setal tracheal gills could be seen as an adaptation to avoid drifting downstream by the current. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A real‐time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild‐type and vaccine strains of varicella‐zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens, and comparison with the clinical diagnoses
Authors: Harbecke Ruth , Oxman Michael N. , Arnold Beth A. , Ip Charlotte , Johnson Gary R. , Levin Myron J. , Gelb Lawrence D. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Straus Stephen E. , Wang Hui , Wright Peter F. , Pachucki Constance T. , Gershon Anne A. , Arbeit Robert D. , Davis Larry E. , Simberkoff Michael S. , Weinberg Adriana , Williams Heather M. , Cheney Carol , Petrukhin Luba , Abraham Katalin G. , Shaw Alan , Manoff Susan , Antonello Joseph M. , Green Tina , Wang Yue , Tan Charles , Keller Paul M. ,   for the Shingles Prevention Study Group
Published: May 2009

A real‐time PCR assay was developed to identify varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens from subjects with suspected herpes zoster (HZ; shingles). Three sets of primers and probes were used in separate PCR reactions to detect and discriminate among wild‐type VZV (VZV‐WT), Oka vaccine strain VZV (VZV‐Oka), and HSV DNA, and the reaction for each virus DNA was multiplexed with primers and probe specific for the human β‐globin gene to assess specimen adequacy. Discrimination of all VZV‐WT strains, including Japanese isolates and the Oka parent strain, from VZV‐Oka was based upon a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 106262 in ORF 62, resulting in preferential amplification by the homologous primer pair. The assay was highly sensitive and specific for the target virus DNA, and no cross‐reactions were detected with any other infectious agent. With the PCR assay as the gold standard, the sensitivity of virus culture was 53% for VZV and 77% for HSV. There was 92% agreement between the clinical diagnosis of HZ by the Clinical Evaluation Committee and the PCR assay results. J. Med. Virol. 81:1310–1322, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative study of the frequency of antibody and titers against human herpesvirus 8 latent and lytic antigens in “at‐risk” individuals and among patients with Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Magri Mariana Cavalheiro , Carbone Paulo Henrique Lage , de los Santos‐Fortuna Elizabeth , Caterino‐de‐Araujo Adele
Published: May 2009

Differences in the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) have been described, depending on the study population and their geographic origin. A cross‐ sectional study aimed at detecting the frequency and titers of antibodies against HHV‐8 latent and lytic antigens in serum samples from individuals with different risk‐factors for HHV‐8 infection, as well as predictive marker identification in patients with KS, was conducted. Serum samples were collected from seven groups of individuals: 75 patients with AIDS‐KS, 5 with classic KS, 16 with African KS, 495 with HIV/AIDS, 805 patients with chronic kidney disease, 683 handicapped individuals, and 757 health care workers. Samples were evaluated for the presence and titers of HHV‐8‐specific antibodies to latent and lytic antigens using “in house” immunofluorescence assays. The results were analyzed by the Chi‐square, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal–Wallis and/or Mann–Whitney U‐tests. The frequencies of HHV‐8 antibodies were as follows: 87.5–100% in patients with KS, 20.4% in patients with HIV/AIDS, 18% in patients with chronic kidney disease, 1.6% in handicapped individuals, and 1.1% in health care workers. A greater number of samples were antibody positive to lytic antigens. Elevated titers of antibodies to latent and lytic antigens, mostly among patients with KS, were detected. Using established serological assays, different “at‐risk” populations for HHV‐8 infection/disease were detected in this geographic area, confirming HIV/AIDS and identifying patients with chronic kidney disease as high‐risk groups. It is suggested that a longitudinal evaluation of antibody titers in patients with chronic kidney disease be undertaken to confirm their predictive value in the development of KS. J. Med. Virol. 81:1292–1297, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPV genotype prevalence in women with abnormal pap smears in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Stevens Matthew P. , Garland Suzanne M. , Tan Jeffrey H. , Quinn Michael A. , Petersen Rodney W. , Tabrizi Sepehr N.
Published: May 2009

Carcinoma of the cervix and its precursor, high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3), are associated with persistent oncogenic Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV 16 and 18. HPV genotype distribution varies with severity of cervical disease, patient demographics such as age, as well as geographical location. In this study, HPV genotype prevalence was determined, using the Roche Linear Array genotyping test, among a cohort of 1,676 women being managed with ablative or excisional treatment following colposcopically directed biopsies, who were referred initially due to cytological abnormalities. HPV genotype prevalence, including presence of single and multiple infections was assessed against both histological diagnosis and age. Overall, 83.9% of women were identified as HPV positive, comprising of 32.2% single and 51.7% multiple HPV infections. Of those with an available histological diagnosis at time‐of‐treatment (n = 899), HPV positivity increased significantly with disease severity: 62.4% (normal), 77.6% (CIN1), 92.6% (CIN2), and 97.9% (≥CIN3) (P < 0.006). Similarly, a significant increase in high‐risk (HR) HPV detection was observed with severity of disease (P < 0.005). The five most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 (35.1%), 31 (12.6%), 51 (11.1%), 52 (9.9%), and 18 (8.5%). HPV 16 was the only genotype to demonstrate a significant increase in prevalence with increasing severity of histological or cytological disease (P < 0.0001). Multiple HPV infections, including multiple HR‐HPV infections, declined significantly with age (P < 0.02). These findings provide the largest dataset of HPV genotype prevalence rates within Australian women, though are not representative of the general population. J. Med. Virol. 81:1283–1291, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracking the entry routes of hepatitis C virus as a surrogate of HIV in an HIV‐low prevalence country, the Philippines
Authors: Kageyama Seiji , Agdamag Dorothy May D. , Alesna Evelyn T. , Abellanosa‐Tac‐An Ilya P. , Corpuz Aura C. , Telan Elizabeth Freda O. , Que Ernesto R. , Leaño Prisca Susan A. , Jereza Lourdes D. , Emphasis Yvonne Ethyl E. , Prasetyo Afiono A. , Tanimoto Tomoaki , Ichimura Hiroshi
Published: May 2009

From 2002 to 2007, 1,590 individuals were enrolled in an active surveillance program conducted in Metro Cebu, Philippines, where the anti‐HCV‐positive rate was significantly and constantly high among injecting drug users (83%, 793/960; 71–88%), especially among those living in downtown (89%, 683/770; 87–100%), despite the extremely low percentage of anti‐HIV‐positives (0.34%, 3/874). Sampling areas were then enlarged nationwide and the number of samples increased to 2,645 at the end of 2007. A total of 444 samples were positive for HCV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis based on NS5B and E1–E2 regions revealed that the most dominant HCV subtype was 1a, and followed by 2b, 2a, and 1b, and that the HCV strains had the largest variety in Metro Manila and its vicinity (P < 0.01). Interestingly, subtype 1b was detected solely in Metro Manila, and four HCV strains collected in this area showed higher homology to specific foreign strains retrieved from the Genbank/EMBL/DDBJ database with bootstrap values of 68–95% comparing with other strains analyzed in this nationwide study. These data suggest that HCV strains may be introduced occasionally into the Philippines possibly through Metro Manila as a main entry point. Considering the fact that an HIV epidemic started primarily via contaminated needle sharing in Asia, the constantly high rate of HCV infections and the newly introduced foreign HCV strains in the absence of HIV epidemic warrant further investigation on HCV entry and spread for early detection of an HIV epidemic in the Philippines. J. Med. Virol. 81:1157–1162, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A peptide derived from hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein inducing cellular responses in patients with HCV with various HLA class IA alleles
Authors: Niu Yamei , Komatsu Nobukazu , Komohara Yoshihiro , Matsueda Satoko , Yutani Shigeru , Ishihara Yuki , Itou Minoru , Yamada Akira , Itoh Kyogo , Shichijo Shigeki
Published: May 2009

C35‐44 peptide is a well known HLA‐A2‐restricted CTL epitope originating from hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein. It was reported that the majority of HCV positive patients had significant levels of serum IgG specific to this peptide. This study addressed whether C35‐44 peptide could induce CTL activity restricted to various HLA class IA alleles or could not. This peptide demonstrated binding activity to HLA‐A*2402, ‐A*2601, ‐A*3101, and ‐A*3303 molecules, but not to HLA‐A*1101 by means of stabilization assay. This peptide also induced CTL activity restricted to each of them, except HLA‐A11+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HCV 1b+ patients by means of 51Cr‐release assay. With regard to HLA‐A2 subtypes, this peptide demonstrated binding activity to HLA‐A*0201 and ‐A*0206, but not to ‐A*0207 molecules. Furthermore, this peptide induced CTL activity from both the patients and healthy donors with all the HLA class IA molecules mentioned above by means of interferon‐γ production assay. These results may provide new insights for the development of a novel peptide vaccine against HCV compatible with various HLA class IA types. J. Med. Virol. 81:1232–1240, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of highly pathogenic tick‐borne flavivirus infection in the mouse model
Authors: Tigabu Bersabeh , Juelich Terry , Bertrand Joseph , Holbrook Michael R.
Published: May 2009

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using clinical parameters to demonstrate disease progression and differentiate between Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) and Russian spring‐summer encephalitis virus (RSSEV) infection in the mouse model. Adult C57BL/6 and balb/c mice were infected with either OHFV or RSSEV by footpad inoculation and their temperature, body weight, clinical signs complete blood count, and blood chemistries were evaluated for up to 15 days post‐infection (dpi). Clinical evaluation showed that OHFV infection seriously affects balb/c mice, which had shorter average survival times (ASTs) than other groups. On the contrary, RSSEV infection of C57BL/6 mice was more severe than in balb/c mice. During these studies, the development of fever was not observed and the body weight of OHFV infected balb/c and C57BL/6 mice began to decline sharply starting from day 7 and 8, respectively, which correlated with disease onset. Peak increase of globulin and neutrophils was demonstrated after 9 dpi in OHFV infected mice; however, the lymphocyte number was not affected. Viremia was undetectable in these animals with either virus infection, but virus was found in most organs tested. These results indicate marked differences in the clinical signs, pathology, and immune response of mice infected with either OHFV or RSSEV and further validate the use of this mouse model system to evaluate human disease. J. Med. Virol. 81:1261–1269, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiological study of genotypes of hepatitis B virus in northern Portugal
Authors: Mota Ana , Guedes Fátima , Areias Jorge , Pinho Luciana , Cardoso Margarida Fonseca
Published: May 2009

While the overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Portugal is around 1%, there are no published studies examining HBV genotypes in this country. This study aimed to survey HBV genotypes in the northern Portugal and to examine the possible associations between genotypes and gender, viral transmission routes, viral markers, viral load, and biochemical tests of liver function. The study sample consists of 340 patients with HBV infection of whom 42.9% were women. Tests were carried out for HBV genotypes and biochemical liver function while demographic information, including alcohol intake, was obtained from the patient files. The results indicate the predominance of genotype D (60.3%) and genotype A (31.5%). Intrafamilial transmission was predominant in female patients, while males were infected in equal proportions by perinatal, sexual, and intrafamilial transmission. Absence of HBeAg was found in a significantly smaller proportion of female patients with genotype D as compared to A (56.6% vs. 82.1%, P = 0.028). High viral load was associated significantly and independently with genotype D and HBeAg. Both alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) were associated with gender and HBeAg. Thus, genotypes A and D were found to be the most prevalent in the north of Portugal. Patients infected with genotype D had higher levels of HBV DNA. HBeAg was associated with genotype D, viral load, and ALT and AST. J. Med. Virol. 81:1170–1176, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population‐based study on the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 in Amsterdam
Authors: van Rijckevorsel G.G.C. , Sonder G.J.B. , Schim van der Loeff M.F. , van den Hoek J.A.R.
Published: May 2009

A study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in the general adult population of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. To our knowledge this is the first study testing parvovirus B19 in a random sample of the Dutch adult population. The study was a cross‐sectional survey, and the study sample was stratified by age and ethnicity, with deliberate oversampling of minority ethnic groups. Serum samples obtained from 1,323 residents in 2004 were tested for antibodies to parvovirus B19. Basic demographic data (gender, age, country of birth, and number of children) were also available. Sixty‐two percent of the participants were seropositive; corrected for the oversampling the estimated prevalence in the Amsterdam adult population was 61%. No specific predictors or risk groups for seropositivity were identified. In our urban adult study population no positive correlation with increasing neither age, nor significant differences between age groups were found. These results imply that almost 40% of the adult Amsterdam population is susceptible to infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1305–1309, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is managing the work–family interface worthwhile? Benefits for employee health and performance
Authors: van Steenbergen Elianne F. , Ellemers Naomi
Published: May 2009

Past work–family research has shown that employees' work–family conflict experiences relate to adverse self‐reported health and performance outcomes, whereas work–family facilitation experiences relate positively to these self‐reports. The present research extends these findings by relating experiences in the work–family interface to objective health and performance indicators. We conducted two studies within a multinational financial services organization. The results of Study 1, a large‐scale cross‐sectional study (N = 1134), supported our hypotheses that conflict experiences relate to objective indicators of poor health (cholesterol level, body mass index, physical stamina), whereas facilitation experiences indicated better health. Study 2 (N = 58) was designed to longitudinally examine the relationship between employees' facilitation experiences and their objective physical health (cholesterol level, body mass index), actual sickness absence, and objective job performance over time. Corroborating our hypotheses, facilitation at Time 1 reliably predicted better physical health (cholesterol level and BMI), lower absenteeism, and increased job performance one year later (after correction for base‐line indicators). This research makes an important and much needed contribution to the literature and indicates that supporting employees to combine work and family roles not only enhances subjective well‐being of individual employees but also objectively benefits the organizations they work in. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family friendly work practices, organizational climate, and firm performance: A study of multinational corporations in Hong Kong
Authors: Ngo Hang‐yue , Foley Sharon , Loi Raymond
Published: May 2009

We developed and tested a conceptual model to examine the impact of family friendly work practices (FFWPs) at the organizational level. In our model, top management support for equal opportunities is considered an antecedent of FFWPs and positive organizational climate, and firm performance and employee turnover are considered outcome variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data collected from a sample of HR managers in multinational corporations (MNCs) in Hong Kong. The results showed that top management support for equal opportunities was positively related to a firm's level of FFWPs and organizational climate. In addition, FFWPs were positively related to organizational climate. We further found that organizational climate acted as a mediator between FFWPs and firm‐level outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expert commentary on work–life balance and crossover of emotions and experiences: Theoretical and practice advancements
Authors: Westman Mina , Brough Paula , Kalliath Thomas
Published: May 2009

Professor Mina Westman, the head of Organisational Behaviour Program at the Tel Aviv is a leading international expert on the crossover of emotions and experiences in the family and the workplace. In this interview with Paula Brough and Thomas Kalliath (guest editors), Professor Westman clarifies the nature of two related constructs: Work–life balance and crossover. Work–life balance is the perception that work and non‐work activities are compatible and promote growth in accordance with an individual's current life priorities. Crossover focuses on how stress experienced by the individual influences strain experienced by the individual's spouse or team member. In this expert commentary, Professor Westman discusses the philosophical underpinnings of work–life balance, the significance of crossover of emotions and experiences for organizations and individuals, current advances in the field and sets out the new directions for this research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A predictive study of emotional labor and turnover
Authors: Chau Samantha L. , Dahling Jason J. , Levy Paul E. , Diefendorff James M.
Published: May 2009

The current study examined how the emotional labor strategies of deep acting and surface acting directly influence emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions, and indirectly impact actual turnover among a sample of bank tellers. Turnover data were collected from organizational records 6 months after participants responded to a survey that measured emotional labor strategies, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions. Results showed that turnover intentions mediated the relationship between deep acting and actual turnover. Additionally, surface acting had indirect effects on turnover through emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotions research in OB: The challenges that lie ahead
Authors: Gooty Janaki , Gavin Mark , Ashkanasy Neal M.
Published: May 2009

We discuss four challenges facing emotion scholarship in organizational behavior: (1) inconsistent definitions; (2) aggregation of discrete emotions into affective dimensions; (3) aggregation across time; and (4) failure to recognize the role of context. We discuss literature related to these challenges, and call for empirical research to address them. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal and inter‐annual variability of the moisture sources for Alpine precipitation during 1995–2002
Authors: Sodemann Harald , Zubler Elias
Published: May 2009

This study presents a first quantitative climatology of the moisture sources for precipitation in the European Alps, covering a 7‐year period from January 1995 to August 2002. Using a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic and data from the ERA‐40: European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis, the contribution of the following moisture sources to annual mean precipitation has been diagnosed: North Atlantic ocean 39.6%, Mediterranean 23.3%, North Sea and Baltic Sea 16.6%, and European land surface 20.8%. However, strong seasonal variability of the influence of various moisture sources is evident. Most notably, moisture transport to the Alps changes from an oceanic mode characterised by dominantly North Atlantic moisture sources during winter to a continental mode during summer with a marked contribution from Central European land areas. The method identifies inter‐annual variability with respect to the location of the moisture sources in the North Atlantic, and the importance of precipitation recycling during summer. Despite the smoothed Alpine orography in the ERA‐40 model, the Alps act as an effective barrier for meridional moisture transport, leading to distinct mean moisture source locations at their northern and southern slopes. The Northern Alps are predominantly influenced by the North Atlantic ocean and Central European land sources with a clear seasonality and limited monthly variability. In contrast, the Southern Alps receive a large fraction of precipitation from the Mediterranean with considerable month‐to‐month variability. Possible implications of these differences for precipitation extremes and stable isotopes in precipitation are discussed. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Spatial and temporal variability of extreme precipitation in Poland in the period 1951–2006
Authors: Lupikasza Ewa
Published: May 2009

The study investigated spatial and temporal variability of extreme precipitation trend magnitudes and their directions. Daily precipitation from 48 synoptic stations in Poland for the period 1951‐2006 were used. Five indices of precipitation extremes were chosen: the highest 5‐day precipitation total, precipitation total from events ≥90th and 95th percentiles as well as number of days with precipitation ≥ 90th and 95th percentiles of daily precipitation amount. Trends in extreme precipitation indicators were analysed over semi‐annual periods as well as over the standard climatological seasons. Trends were calculated for each of the 30‐year moving periods within 1951‐2006 using a simple linear regression method. Their significance was tested with the Mann‐Kendall method.

Decreasing trends in extreme precipitation indices dominated in both the warm and cool halves of the year and in the seasons. The greatest change was recorded in the least extreme precipitation indices. Summer was the season with the greatest number of statistically significant trends, mostly decreasing ones. Upward trends, having the greatest spatial extend in autumn, dominated the initial 30‐year periods of the study period whereas the decreasing trends were common in the 30‐years from 1956. In summer and winter, decreasing trends reached the greatest degrees of stability in southern Poland. In spring and autumn, a stable fall of extreme precipitation indices was mainly recorded in the south‐western part of the country. Stable increasing trends were recorded sporadically. However, in spring trends towards an increase were more frequent than in other seasons. The strongest decreasing trends were observed in summer and winter, mainly in the south, while in autumn they also occurred in the west. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Relationship between monthly rainfall in northwest Iberian Peninsula and North Atlantic sea surface temperature
Authors: Lorenzo M. N. , Iglesias I. , Taboada J. J. , Gómez‐Gesteira M.
Published: May 2009

This study assesses the relationship between monthly North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and a regional index of rainfall (NWIPR) in northwest Iberian Peninsula during the period 1951–2006 by means of the Pearson product‐moment correlation. Results show a strong influence of SSTA on NWIPR in several months (February, April, May, October and December). The observed persistence of this influence up to 2‐months in advance can be used for monthly predictions of rainfall. The most significant areas of the North Atlantic were clustered to be used as input variables in linear regression models. Correlations up to 0.59 between observed and predicted rainfall anomalies were obtained. Predictability ranged from 76 to 86% when considering rainfall as a discrete predictand. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
A multicentury perspective on the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) and drought in the eastern Atlantic Region
Authors: Linderholm Hans W. , Folland Chris K. , Walther Alexander
Published: May 2009

The summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) is strongly associated with July–August climate variability over Europe, especially in northern regions. This association includes drought, where a positive SNAO corresponds to dry conditions over much of northern Europe and wet conditions in southern Europe, but the SNAO/climate association is weaker and less homogeneous in the south. Here we use a dendroclimatological reconstruction of the SNAO for the last 550 a to investigate the SNAO/drought relationship in the past. An association between the SNAO and a regional summer drought index from Sweden suggests that the northern European drought relationship holds back to 1700. In the last 550 a, the relationship between SNAO and drought in the Mediterranean region as a whole is weak, but over the Eastern Mediterranean the relationship is clearer and statistically significant (P < 0.05 level). The Mediterranean relationship is clearest at century scales. An association between the SNAO and Sahel rainfall can clearly be seen on interannual as well as longer timescales in the 20th century. Past droughts in the Sahel, as inferred from historical data, correspond quite well with positive phases of the SNAO on multidecadal timescales back to 1500, the phase expected from instrumental data. The physical reasons for the relationship between Sahel rainfall and the SNAO are, however, not yet understood. This research is a first step towards understanding how the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic region affects drought, necessary for forecast future droughts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and © Crown Copyright 2009.