bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Pathways From Early Gestation Through Infancy and Neurodevelopment
Authors: Park Sangshin , Bellinger David C. , Adamo Meredith , Bennett Brady , Choi Nam-Kyong , Baltazar Palmera I. , Ayaso Edna B. , Monterde Donna Bella S. , Tallo Veronica , Olveda Remigio M. , Acosta Luz P. , Kurtis Jonathan D. , Friedman Jennifer F.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To identify pathways through which pre- and postnatal factors directly or indirectly affect infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age among Filipino infants.

METHODS:

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition was used to assess the development of 314 infants of mothers enrolled in a trial examining the safety and efficacy of praziquantel during pregnancy. Maternal covariates included socioeconomic status, iron and nutritional status, cognitive performance, and alcohol intake. Infant covariates included birth weight and feeding practices, longitudinal growth and nutritional status, hemoglobin and iron status captured at birth, and 6 and 12 months of age. Multivariable regression and structural equation modeling were used to identify significant factors associated with infant development.

RESULTS:

In regression models, maternal education, cognition, and iron status as well as infant weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), weight-for-length z-score, and WAZ gains were significantly associated with infant development at 12 months of age. Structural equation modeling demonstrated a direct effect of maternal cognition on most subscales of infant development and indirect effects on expressive language through effects on infant WAZ. Maternal iron status was a stronger predictor of infant cognition subscale scores than was infant iron status. Exclusive breastfeeding had a direct influence on expressive language rather than acting through improved infant iron or nutritional status.

CONCLUSIONS:

We identified key modifiable risk factors for impaired neurodevelopment, including prenatal risk factors such as maternal iron status. Integrated nutritional interventions that impact both maternal and infant nutritional status are likely to positively affect infant neurodevelopment through identified pathways.
Penentuan Pola Musim Tanam Budidaya Rumput Laut kappahycus alvarezii di perairan Parigi Mountong, Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Teken Yohanes , Ilham Ilham , Rahmatia Rahmatia
Published: November 2016

Abstrak lengkap dapat dilihat pada full. pdfMakalah ini menyajikan pola musim tanam rumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii di Perairan Parigi Mountong, Sulawesi Tengah
Pengaruh Pemberian daun Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L) pada Air Media Pembenihan Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Larva
Authors: Sukarta Dede , Akbar Ahmad Ali
Published: November 2016

Abstrak lengkap dapat dilihat pada full. pdfSalah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan pembenihan udang galah adalah stabilitas kualitas air media pembenihan
KARAKTERISASI GENETIKA RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Sulaeman Sulaeman , Suryati Emma , Tenriulo Andi
Published: November 2016

Karakterisasi genetika rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui variasi genetika rumput laut K. alvarezii dari beberapa lokasi budi daya di Sulawesi Selatan yakni Polmas, Pinrang, Takalar, dan Bantaeng. Sampel dipreservasi dengan menggunakan larutan TNES-Urea sebelum ekstraksi DNA. Ekstraksi genom DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode konvensional fenol-khloroform. Amplifikasi DNA dilakukan dengan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Untuk dokumentasi riset, hasil PCR dielektroforesis pada agarosa gel dengan menggunakan buffer TBE. Data dianalisis menggunakan program Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima “primers” (P-40, P-50, DALRP, Ca01, dan Ca-02) yang digunakan dapat menghasilkan beberapa fragmen spesifik yang mengindikasikan fragmen spesifik spesies dan lokasi budi daya K. alvarezii. Keragaan genetika intra dan inter lokasi rumput laut menunjukkan variasi yang relatif kecil yang ditandai dengan rendahnya perbedaan jumlah/ukuran fragmen DNA, polimorfisme, indeks similaritas, dan jarak genetikanya. Total fragmen yang didapatkan dari lima primer adalah 47—55 pada ukuran fragmen 175—2.600 bp, sedangkan polimorfisme dan indeks similaritas masing-masing adalah 3,6%—31,0% dan 0,79%—0,99%. Jarak genetika antar beberapa lokasi K. alvarezii berkisar antara 0,1758—0,5689 di mana kekerabatan yang terdekat didapatkan antara Takalar dan Bantaeng.Genetic characterization of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was observed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to reveal the genetic variability of seaweed from different locations in South Sulawesi. The sample of farmed seaweed K. alvarezii was collected from Polmas, Pinrang, Takalar, and Bantaeng. Genomic DNA was extracted by using the conventional method of phenol-chloroform. Sample was preserved by TNES-Urea buffer prior to DNA extraction. DNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. DNA Fragment was documented by gel electrophoresis using TBE buffer. The data was analyzed by computer program called Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA). The results showed that the five primers (P-40, P-50, DALRP, Ca-01, and Ca-02) used, revealed specific fragment for species and location of K. alvarezii . The low genetic variability both intra and inter locations of farmed seaweed was indicated by variation in total and size of DNA fragment, polymorphism and similarity index. The total of fragment generated by the five primers was 47—55 in size range of 175-2,600 bp, while proportion of polymorphism and similarity index were 3.6%—31.0% and 0.79%—0.99%, respectively. Genetic distance between farmed seaweed was 0.1758—0.5689 where the closest genetic distance was found between Takalar and Bantaeng.
POLA PEMANGSAAN LARVA IKAN KAKAP MERAH, Lutjanus sebae
Authors: Melianawati Regina , Imanto Philip Teguh , Suastika Made
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pemangsaan dari larva ikan kakap merah, L. sebae umur 5 dan 10 hari yang dipelihara dengan kondisi pencahayaan alami. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap satu jam pada masing-masing umur tersebut. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa secara alami pola pemangsaan larva L. sebae tergantung pada kondisi pencahayaan, di mana aktivitas pemangsaan berlangsung secara maksimal pada saat tersedia pencahayaan dengan intensitas yang mencukupi untuk larva menangkap mangsanya. Intensitas cahaya minimal yang diperlukan oleh larva L. sebae untuk melakukan pemangsaan berada pada kisaran 400—600 lux. Maksimal pemangsaan satu larva pada umur 5 dan 10 hari adalah 6,2 dan 25,3 individu rotifer. Lama waktu pencernaan larva umur 5 dan 10 hari adalah 4 dan 5 jam, sedangkan laju cerna larva pada masing-masing umur tersebut adalah 1,50 dan 2,76 individu rotifer per jam.The aim of this research was to get the information about the feeding pattern of emperor snapper L. sebae larvae at 5 and 10 days olds reared under natural light intensity. Larvae samples were taken every hour from each age. The result showed that naturally, feeding pattern of emperor snapper larvae depend on the light intensity condition, feeding activity would be done when the light intensity was enough available for supporting larvae to feed. Minimum light intensity that needed by the larvae for feeding activity was range between 400—600 lux. Maximum feeding per larvae at 5 and 10 days olds were 6.2 and 25.3 individual rotifers. Digestion time of larvae at those ages was 4 and 5 hours, while digestion rate were 1.50 and 2.76 individual rotifers per hour.
SUHU OPTIMUM UNTUK LAJU PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN BENIH LOBSTER AIR TAWAR Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Kusmini Irin Iriana , Hadie Wartono , Sianipar Elinda P
Published: November 2016

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu air yang memberikan hasil terbaik bagi laju pertumbuhan dan sintasan benih lobster air tawar, red claw. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas empat perlakuan, yaitu pada suhu air 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, dan 32°C; masing-masing perlakuan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan harian dan sintasan benih lobster red claw. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan harian dan sintasan benih lobster tertinggi terdapat pada suhu 28°C, yaitu sebesar 1,15% dan 85,93%. Laju pertumbuhan harian dan sintasan benih lobster mencapai optimum pada suhu 28°C, yaitu sebesar 1,05% dan 85,93%.The aim this research was to find out the effect of water temperature to the growth and survival rate of red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) juvenile. The experiment design used completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments of water temperature i.e. 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C and each of the treatments was replicated three times. Parameters observed are daily growth rate and survival rate of red claw crayfish juvenile. The result showed that temperatures were effected to growth rate and survival rate of red claw crayfish juvenile which expressed through quadratic response curve. The highest daily growth rate and survival rate of red claw crayfish fry was found on temperature 28°C C i.e. 1.15% and 85.93%. The optimum growth rate and survival rate was found on temperature 28°C i.e. 1.05% and 85.93%.
PENUMBUHAN BIOFLOK DALAM MEDIA BUDIDAYA IKAN BANDENG
Authors: Usman Usman , Harris Enang , Jusadi Dedi , Supriyono Eddy , Yuhana Munti
Published: November 2016

Bioflok merupakan agregat campuran heterogen mikroba yang diinisiasi oleh bakteri heterotrof dan memiliki nutrisi yang cukup baik yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan oleh beberapa jenis ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi metode menumbuhkan bioflok dalam media budidaya ikan bandeng intensif. Penumbuhan bakteri heterotrof dilakukan dengan mempertahankan keseimbangan rasio Karbon/Nitrogen (C/N) sebesar 10 dalam media budidaya. Sumber nitrogen berasal dari limbah 40 ekor ikan bandeng (bobot rata-rata 75 g/ekor) yang dipelihara dalam bak fibre glass berisi air bersalinitas 25 ppt sebanyak 625 L. Ikan uji diberi pakan komersial dengan kadar protein 26%. Molase digunakan sebagai sumber Corganik. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah: (A) tanpa inokulasi bakteri heterotrof (0 cfu/mL), (B) inokulasi bakteri heterotrof sebanyak 102 cfu/mL, (C) inokulasi bakteri heterotrof sebanyak 104 cfu/mL, dan (D) inokulasi bakteri heterotrof sebanyak 106 cfu/mL. Hasil percobaan selama masa 30 hari menunjukkan bahwa penambahan inokulasi bakteri heterotrof sebanyak 106 cfu/mL cenderung lebih meningkatkan laju konversi limbah N menjadi bioflok dibandingkan jumlah inokulasi bakteri yang lebih rendah dan kontrol. Indikator utamanya dapat dilihat dari pola penurunan konsentrasi TAN dan peningkatan VSS. Penambahan inokulasi bakteri heterotrof (Bacillus sp.) cenderung meningkatkan kandungan asam amino bioflok
PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN SEPAT RAWA Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas 1770) ASAL SUMATERA, JAWA, DAN KALIMANTAN
Authors: Fariduddin Ath-thar Muhammad Hunaina , Prakoso Vitas Atmadi
Published: November 2016

Ikan sepat rawa merupakan salah satu ikan lokal potensial. Produksi ikan sepat rawa seluruhnya masih bergantung hasil tangkapan alam. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan penurunan kelimpahan ikan sepat rawa di beberapa lokasi. Masalah tersebut perlu segera diantisipasi, salah satunya melalui kegiatan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaan pertumbuhan ikan sepat rawa dari beberapa lokasi yaitu Lampung, Jawa Barat, Kalimantan Barat, dan Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi pertumbuhan mutlak panjang maupun bobot, laju pertumbuhan harian, dan sintasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan membentuk pola yang sama yaitu linier pada semua populasi. Laju pertumbuhan harian, pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot mutlak tertinggi ditunjukkan ikan sepat rawa asal Kalimantan Selatan dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan populasi ikan sepat rawa asal Lampung, Jawa Barat, dan Kalimantan Barat. Sintasan benih ikan sepat siam rawa tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) antar populasi asal Lampung, Jawa Barat, Kalimatan Selatan, dan Kalimantan Barat.
2015, condiciones de mercado para la visibilidad de producciones independientes en la industria cinematográfica mexicana
Authors: Barradas Andrés
Published: November 2016

Esta investigación presenta algunas razones para entender cómo funciona la distribución y exhibición en México para las producciones cinematográficas nacionales. Se muestran algunos datos oficiales publicados por el Instituto Mexicano de Cinematografía (Imcine), la Cámara Nacional de la Industria Cinematográfica (Canacine) y opiniones de expertos dentro y fuera de la industria. Con particular énfasis en el universo de películas independientes (que tengan menos de 10 copias) y su destino en el mercado de la distribución y exhibición en México, ampliamente dominado por compañías extranjeras y oligopolios nacionales.
A era da iconofagia. Reflexões sobre imagem, comunicação, mídia e cultura (Norval Baitello Junior)
Authors: Silva Echeto Víctor
Published: November 2016

A era da iconofagia. Reflexões sobre imagem, comunicação, mídia e culturaAutor: Norval BAITELLO JUNIOR—Editorial: Paulus. São Paulo, Brasil.Año: 2014Páginas: 160ISBN: 978-85-349-3993-5Autor de la reseña: Víctor SILVA ECHETO
Front-End Term Premiums in Federal Funds Futures Rates and Implied Probabilities of Future Rate Hikes
Authors: Kim Don , Tanaka Hiroatsu
Published: November 2016

In this note, we examine empirical evidence on term premiums at the very front end, utilizing federal funds futures data as well as responses to the Desk's sell-side survey (Survey of Primary Dealers, or PD survey) and buy-side survey (Survey of Market Participants), and discuss plausible front-end term premium assumptions that one can use to extract probabilities of a rate hike at upcoming meetings from market quotes.
Gradualism and Liquidity Traps
Authors: Nakata Taisuke , Schmidt Sebastian
Published: November 2016

Modifying the objective function of a discretionary central bank to include an interest-rate smoothing objective increases the welfare of an economy in which large contractionary shocks occasionally force the central bank to lower the policy rate to its effective lower bound. The central bank with an interest-rate smoothing objective credibly keeps the policy rate low for longer than the central bank with the standard objective function. Through expectations, the temporary overheating of the economy associated with such a low-for-long interest rate policy mitigates the declines in inflation and output when the lower bound constraint is binding. In a calibrated model, we find that the introduction of an interest-rate smoothing objective can reduce the welfare costs associated with the lower bound constraint by more than one-half.
Escondendo Manchas de Sangue em Locais de Crime: Análise da Ação Antioxidante dos Chás Verde e Preto Sobre o Luminol
Authors: Douglas Rodrigues Cavalcanti  , Rodrigo Meneses de Barros
Published: November 2016

A aplicação do luminol se destaca como um dos testes presuntivos para sangue mais importantes, sendo amplamente utilizado por investigadores forenses em locais de crime. Ao ser pulverizado sobre uma mancha de sangue, o luminol reage emitindo luz quimiluminescente, permitindo a avaliação ocasional dessas manchas, e possibilitando a reconstrução dos eventos de um crime. Porém, existem diversas substâncias que são capazes de afetar ou alterar a quimiluminescência do luminol induzida pelo sangue, entre essas substâncias estão alimentos e bebidas antioxidantes. Dentre os alimentos funcionais, o chá é uma bebida amplamente utilizada, perdendo apenas para a água como a bebida mais consumida no mundo. As propriedades antioxidantes das catequinas presentes nos chás verde e preto estão relacionadas com sua estrutura química. Produtos alimentares que contém antioxidantes (como o chá verde e o chá preto) podem ser utilizados em atividades criminosas para ocultar manchas de sangue e evitar resultados em exames de cenas de crime, uma vez que atuam inibindo a reação quimiluminescente do luminol, gerando resultados falso-negativos.
Una especie de Veratrum en Durango
Authors: Martínez Maximino
Published: November 2016

El ejemplar del Ing. Blanco es de particular interés porque su localidad es el límite sur de la distribución hasta ahora conocida de ese género. Su zona se extiende hacia el norte y comprende Arizona, Nuevo México, California, Georgia, Tennessee, Minesota y British Columbia y hasta Quebec y Alaska.
Breve relación de algunas de las principales plantas observadas en el distrito sur de la Baja California
Authors: Martínez Maximino
Published: November 2016

másComo la descripción de la flora requeriría una extensión muy grande, aquí solamente se hace referencia a las plantas más útiles o más típicas de la región sur de Baja California

típicas

de

la

región.
Un zacate emigrante (Tricholaena rosea Nees)
Authors: Itié G.
Published: November 2016

Entre las Gramináceas que a través de los años han llegado a México y se han establecido definitivamente volviéndose subespontáneas, son más notables el Zacate guineo o privilegio (Panicum maximun Jacq) y el Zacate pará (Panicum purpurascens Raddle) formando ambos la base de la ganadería en las regiones cálidas. Otro emigrante, el Zacate Johnson (Sorghum halepensis (L) Pers), es temible por su agresividad, que anula sus buenas cualidades forrajeras. El Zacate Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers. ya muy esparcido por toda la República, es de carácter marcadamente ruderal y arvense.
Notas sobre las palmas de México
Authors: Hernández-Xolocotzi E.
Published: November 2016

Como punto de partida para el estudio de las palmas de México, es interesante saber las species que hasta la fecha han sido colectadas. A continuación se anota la lista de especies que ocurren en México en forma silvestre según Dahlgren ( Dahlgren, B. E. Field Museum of Natural History. Botanical Series. vol. XIV. lndex of American Palms. 1936).
La flora maravillosa de Tepoztlán
Authors: Hernández Porfirio
Published: November 2016

Durante la época de lluvias, la Sierra de Tepoztlán, situada en los límites de México y Morelos, constituye un verdadero paraíso para los excursionistas. "El Parque" se llama a la estación única del tren que cruza esta admirable sierra en poco más de dos horas, antes de llegar a Cuernavaca. Y es, efectivamente un parque, un jardín, el más maravilloso que pueda concebirse para un hombre amigo de la naturaleza. Pero nunca como ahora, en que el espeso bosque de árboles y arbustos dice a florecer entre abril y septiembre adquiere las proporciones de un auténtico parque, inmenso y fantástico parque, sin límites, sin bardas, sin jardinero y sin gendarmes.
Exploraciones botánicas en el norte del estado de Puebla
Authors: Paray Ladislao
Published: November 2016

Descripción de recorridos, localidades y vegetación en el estado de Puebla
Los géneros fanerogámicos mexicanos
Authors: Reko B.P.
Published: November 2016

Las investigaciones en las últimas décadas han demostrado que la clasificación de las fanerógamas es más racional si se acepta la tesis del americano Edwin Bassey, substanciada por estudios fitogénicos sobre la antigüedad y descendencia de las fanerógamas, pretendiéndose que las Dicotiledóneas fueron los primeros tipos en aparecer y que las Monocotiledóneas dimanaron de aquéllas en un período posterior.
Las Pteridofitas en la sierra de San Cristóbal, Chiapas
Authors: Little Jr. Elbert L.
Published: November 2016

La mejor manifestación de helechos se encontró en esta selva mesófita de Quercus sobre el Cerro Hueytepec. El helecho más grande y el único arborescente (familia Ciateáceas) es Lophosoria quadriplinnata (Gmel.) C. Ch., que tiene las frondas 1 a 2 1/2 m de largo y a veces presenta un tronco hasta de 1 m de alto. Otras pteridófitas grandes en el suelo con las frondas 1 m. o más de largo son: Blechnum falciforme (Liebm.) C. Chr., Dennstaedtia distenta ( Kunze) Moore, Dryopteris ampla ( H & B. ) D. pilosohispida (Hook.) C. Chr., D. rudis (Kunze) C. Chr., Pteridium aguillinum (L.) Kuhn var. caudatum (L). Sadeb., Pteris orizabae M . & G., and Woodwardia spinulosa M . & G.
Una sapotacea nueva para México
Authors: Reko B.P.
Published: November 2016

Nos informaron que el árbol referido se llama "tzocohuite''', nombre azteca que quiere decir algo así como "árbol de latex" (tzotl. sudor espeso del hombre; cuahuitl, árbol), y que su fruto, comestible, tiene el tamaño de una naranja con pulpa blanca y cuatro semillas blancas y un sabor muy agradable a plátano manzano.
La palmera de coateco
Authors: Silva Jesus
Published: November 2016

Entre las palmeras silvestres que se encuentran a lo largo de la Costa Chica del Estado de Oaxaca, principalmente en el Distrito de Juriquilla y a unos 400 metros sobre el nivel del mar, se encuentra una conocida regionalmente como "Palma de Coateco", cuyo tallo está cubierto de espinas amarillas, y que tal vez pudiera ser la Acanthorrhiza Mocinni (H. B. K.) B. et Hooker o una variedad de ésta.
Estudio botánico de las palmas oleaginosas de México
Authors: Hernández-Xolocotzi Efraím
Published: November 2016

El estudio botánico de las palmas es de sumo interés para la industria de aceites vegetales en México; puesto que el producto de las palmas cultivadas y silvestres ocupa uno de los primeros renglones de la producción oleaginosa nacional. Existe cierta confusión sobre la identificación de las especies de palmas de importancia comercial, porque se dificulta la adquisición de material botánico adecuado. Por esta razón es conveniente presentar detalladamente las características que sirven de base para distinguir los géneros y especies que se encuentran en México. Todas las especies de palmas oleaginosas de México, cultivadas y silvestres, pertenecen a géneros que se agrupan en la Tribu Cocoineae.
Algunos datos ecológicos sobre la vegetación de Lerma
Authors: Herrera Teófilo
Published: November 2016

La región estudiada comprende las ciénagas, lagunas y canales que rodean a la población de Lerma así como a los pueblos vecinos de San Mateo Ateneo y Tultepec, del Estado de México.
Otros musgos de Tamaulipas
Authors: Crum Howard A. , Sharp A.J.
Published: November 2016

Se describen 9 registros nuevos para Tamaulipas, de especies de musgos del bosque de encino y líquidámbar cercano al Rancho del Cielo, en la Sierra de Guatemala (Sierra de Cucharas), arriba de Gómez Farías, Tamaulípas. Esta zona es sumamente interesante no sólo por la hermosura y riqueza de su vegetación, sino principalmente por la abundancia de especies de los Apalaches en una flora esencialmente típica de los trópicos húmedos.
Los encinos de México
Authors: Martínez Maximino
Published: November 2016

Los encinos (Quecus) son de gran importancia en México, tanto por su abundancia, como por su utilidad como especies forestales. Lo que hasta la fecha hay publicado sobre encinos consta en publicaciones extranjeras, principalmente en inglés y francés, y casi nada en español, por lo cual, ya que no sea posible publicar ahora un trabajo de conjunto, creo que sería de utilidad presentar en español la descripción de las especies que están mejor definidas. En esta primera contribución se mencionan los caracteres generales, y se da una idea del estado actual de la taxonomía y la descripción de algunas especies aunque no en riguroso orden sistemático, a reserva de añadir nuevos datos a medida que aumente el material de estudio, y de presentar en una contribución posterior un cuadro de clasificación ya revisado, así como esquemas de distribución geográfica y las claves respectivas.
Nota necrológica
Authors: Martínez Maximino
Published: November 2016

Obituario Dr. Blas Pablo Reko
Algunas especies nuevas de México
Authors: Matuda Eizi
Published: November 2016

Descripción de dos especies nuevas de Tradescantia y una de Quercus
Networking Experience in Implementation of Master's Programme in "School Psychology"
Authors: Vasyagina N.N. , Kazaeva E.A.
Published: November 2016

Russia's integration into the international educational space increases the significance of the problem of academic mobility, providing students and teachers with the right to choose from a wide range of programs, forms and methods of training, and highlights the importance of establishing an inter-university networking system. The article describes the experience of networking in the context of implementation of the master's programme in "School Psychology". It outlines the basic dimensions of networking as well as its main outcomes and effects for all participants, reveals the problems and ways of dealing with them. In general, networking is becoming one of the most effective mechanisms for the development of educational activities and solving urgent problems in modernization of education, development of mobility in education, including virtual mobility; it has significant resource potential that provides practice-oriented training thus facilitating the transition from the knowledge-based pedagogy to the practice-oriented teaching.
Methodological Issues of Providing Training in Prevention of Behavioural and Developmental Disorders within Master’s Programme in School Psychology
Authors: Bogdanovich N.V. , Delibalt V.V. , Chernushevich V.A.
Published: November 2016

The article explores features of providing training in the approbated module “Prevention of Behavioural and Developmental Disorders” within the master’s programme in School Psychology. The programme was developed in accordance with the professional standard for educational psychologists. The article outlines the aims of the module and its place in the context of the programme in general and reveals the main ways of developing competencies specified in the educational standard but selected with respect to professional activities defined by the professional standard. The article also suggests some methodological principles of designing an educational module in practice-oriented training, among which the basic one is reflective activity-based networking. An activity-based content of the module is proposed basing on the psychological definition of prevention as one of the core activities in a psychologist’s work. Finally, the article describes educational outcomes in graduate students upon successful completion of the training, and reflects upon certain problems revealed during the approbation of the module.
Modeling with Gaussian mixture regression for lactation milk yield in Anatolian buffaloes
Authors: Yesilova1* Abdullah , Yilmaz2 Ayhan , Ser1 Gazel , Kaki3 Baris
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to classify Anatolian buffalo using Gaussian mixture regression model according to discrete and continuous environmental effects. Gaussian mixture model performs separately regression analysis both within and between groups. This is an important property of Gaussian mixture models which makes it different from other multivariate statistical methods. The data were obtained from 1455 Anatolian buffalo lactation milk yield records reared in seven different locations in Bitlis province, Turkey. Age of dam, lactation duration and locations were considered as environmental effects on lactation milk yield. Data set was divided into three homogenous subgroups with respect to AIC and BIC in the Gaussian mixture regression, based on environmental effects on lactation milk yield. Estimated mean for lactation milk yields and mixing probabilities for the first, second and third subgroups were determined as 1494.33 kg (16.9%), 540.33 kg (45.2%) and 847.61 (37.9%), respectively. The numbers of buffalo in each subgroup according to mixing probability were obtained as 159, 756, and 540 for the first, second, and third groups, respectively. The effects of lactation period, age of dam and villages were found statistically significant on lactation milk yield in subgroup 1 that was highest mean for lactation milk yield (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, results showed that Gaussian mixture regression was an important tool for classifying quantitative traits considering environmental effects in animal breeding.
Histological and histochemical structure of lingual salivary glands in mole rat (Spalax leucodon)
Authors: Kuru Nilgün , Çinar Kenan , Demirbag Emel , Ilgün Ramazan
Published: November 2016

The histological and histochemical structure of lingual salivary glands in mole rat (Spalax leucodon) were studied using histochemical staining techniques to provide information of its salivary glands. A total of five adult mole rat (Spalax leucodon) were used as the material. It was observed that serous and mucous glands are placed in the root of the tongue. It was detected that although the mucous gland cells were rich in terms of AB pH 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and AF (+) mucosubstance, the PAS and KOH/PAS mucosubstances showed very weak reaction, and this mucosubstances were present at a very less amount in serous gland cells. In the PAS/AB staining, it was found that the serous and mucous gland cells showing only AB or only PAS reaction and also AB AB pH 2.5 (+) cells were found. The same findings were observed in serous glands by AF/AB staining. Consequently, the present study demonstrated characteristic features of the lingual salivary glands of the mole rat, and it revealed histological and histochemical data both in accordance with and different from that for the lingual salivary glands of mammals and other species.
Effectiveness of medium-chain fatty acids on feed intakeand weight gain in animal: Depending on balance
Authors: Zhang Min , Geng Chun-yin , Li Cheng-yun , Jin Ying-hai , Yan Chang-guo , Jin Yi
Published: November 2016

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) has been used in animal production, not only as an energy substance, but also as a kind of functional material, especially in pig production. At present, however, the action mechanism of MCFAs on ingestion and growth is not fully clear. In addition, there is no consensus for effect of MCFAs on feed intake and weight gain in animals. In this review, we summarized the information from comprehensive and rational arguments for the role of MCFAs on feed intake and weight gain in monogastric animal studies(mainly in rats and pigs). As a result, the supplementation level of MCFAs in diet is a key influence factor on animal ingestion, of which underlying action mechanism may be attributed to influence of MCFAs on appetite hormones (mainly, insulin and Acyl ghrelin) and fluctuation of energy balance. Additionally, the influence of MCFAs on growth performance is related to addition level of MCFAs, the types of MCFAs, characteristics of based diet, as well as the physiological status of animal. The effectiveness of MCFAs on ingestion and weight gain depend on the balance of the various influence factors.
Effect of early post-hatch nutrition on production performance of commercial broiler chicken
Authors: Mahapatra* Samapika , Srinivasan G. , Rajini Asha R. , Gowri A. Mangala
Published: November 2016

The study was conducted to access the effect of early post-hatch nutrition regimens on the productive performance of 384 number of commercial broiler chicken (Cobb 400). Different nutrient regimens include glucose and probiotic alone in hatcher tray and first day in pen and a high and very high density diet of 25 and 27 per cent dietary crude protein respectively and 3100 kcal ME/kg diet in hatcher tray and subsequent three days in pen along with glucose and probiotic alone in hatcher tray and first day in pen was provided. Later, all broiler chicks were switched over to the recommended commercial Cobb broiler diet up to 42 days. Body weight, feed efficiency and breast muscle fibre diameter were significantly higher in treatment groups. No significant difference existed between different treatment groups for hatchability, livability percent, carcass characteristics and cut up parts. Trimmable fat per cent was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in control birds. It may be concluded that early post hatch nutrition with high nutrient dense diet resulted in better production performance in commercial broiler chicken.
Some Remarks About the Cyclic Homology of Skew PBW Extensions / Algunas observaciones sobre la homología cíclica de extensiones PBW torcidas
Authors: Suárez Suárez Héctor Julio , Reyes Villamil Milton Armando
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe study the cyclic homology for a class of noncommutative polynomial rings known as skewPBW extensions. We obtain explicit computations for some important families of such extensionsover fields. In particular, we consider the cyclic homology of skew PBW extensions ofderivation type, certain classes of Ore extensions, operator algebras, difusion algebras, quantumalgebras and 3-dimensional skew polynomial algebras. ResumenEstudiamos la homología cíclica de una clase de anillos de polinomios no conmutativos denominadosextensiones PBW torcidas. Obtenemos cálculos explícitos para algunas familias importantes de este tipode extensiones sobre cuerpos. En particular, consideramos la homología cíclica de las extensiones PBWtorcidas de tipo derivación, ciertas clases de extensiones de Ore, álgebras de operadores, álgebras de difusión, álgebras cuánticas y álgebras de polinomios torcidos 3-dimensionales.
The Transient and Asymptotic Moments for the Random Mission Time of a System / Los momentos transitorios y estables para el tiempo de misión de un sistema
Authors: Calvache Archila Alvaro
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study fault tolerant systems having one or more components and its system availabilityover the random mission time. The mission time is the time that elapses since the initial operation ofthe system until its cumulative working time achieves a predetermined fixed time. The main objective ofthis paper is to obtain the transient and asymptotic moments for the random mission time of the systemavailability subject to failures, as well as its distribution function, by using the theory of link travel timedistributions. A numerical example is presented to show usefulness of the proposed model. ResumenEn este artículo se estudian sistemas tolerantes a fallas con uno o más componentes, y su disponibilidad durante el tiempo aleatorio de misión. El tiempo de misión es aquél que transcurre desde la operación inicial del sistema hasta que su tiempo acumulado de trabajo alcanza un tiempo fijo predeterminado. El objetivo principal del artículo es la obtención de los momentos transitorios y estables del tiempo de misión de la disponibilidad del sistema sujeto a fallas, así como el análisis de su función de distribución, mediante el uso de la teoría de las distribuciones de tiempo de viaje de un móvil, que transita por un número finito de caminos, en los que la velocidad promedio del móvil varía de camino a camino. Un ejemplo numérico se presenta para mostrar la utilidad del modelo propuesto.
Effect of Instructor-Personalized Multimedia in the Online Classroom
Authors: Mandernach B. Jean
Published: November 2016

There is considerable evidence that well-designed multimedia resources can enhance learning outcomes, yet there is little information on the role of multimedia in influencing essential motivational variables, such as student engagement. The current study examines the impact of instructor-personalized multimedia supplements on student engagement in an introductory, college-level online course. A comparison of student engagement between courses that feature increasing numbers of instructor-personalized multimedia components reveals conflicting evidence. While qualitative student feedback indicates enhanced engagement as a function of instructor-generated multimedia supplements, quantitative data reports no significant differences in engagement or learning between the various levels of multimedia inclusion. Findings highlight the complexity surrounding the appropriate use of multimedia within an online course. University policy-makers and instructors are cautioned to examine carefully the cost-benefit ratio of multimedia inclusion for online learning environments.
Video-Driven Multimedia, Web-Based Training in the Corporate Sector: Pedagogical Equivalence and Component Effectiveness
Authors: Pang Katherine
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the pedagogical equivalence, as determined by knowledge gains, and the pedagogical effectiveness of certain components in a video-driven multimedia, web-based professional development training program as compared to a traditional, face-to-face program under real-world constraints of time and limited economic resources. The study focused on the use of video-driven multimedia, web-based instruction in the corporate environment to determine if the quality of the learning experience and the knowledge gained from the instruction were the same as with traditional methods. This experimental study assigned business professionals quasi-randomly to either a control group or an experimental group, where they attended either a live-instructed professional development program or a video-driven multimedia, web-based professional development program. Overall, results indicated that the video-driven multimedia, web-based instruction was not only pedagogically equivalent in terms of knowledge gains to the live instruction but that the knowledge gains were slightly higher among the web-based participants. Further, certain components in the web-based environment contributed more than components in the live environment to pedagogical effectiveness.
The Retention of Experienced Faculty in Online Distance Education Programs: Understanding Factors that Impact their Involvement
Authors: Green Tim , Alejandro Jeffery , Brown Abbie H.
Published: November 2016

The study sought to determine factors that affect faculty decisions regarding their involvement in teaching online distance education courses. A survey was administered to online distance education faculty across the United States to determine those factors that encourage or discourage them from continuing to teach online courses. The factors were examined and reported from the standpoint of each of four faculty groups: (1) tenured, (2) tenure-track, (3) full-time non-tenured/fixed term, and (4) part-time/adjunct. From the survey responses (N = 135), a list of retention strategies that university administrators may use for retention of online distance education faculty are offered.
Time students spend reading threaded discussions in online graduate courses requiring asynchronous participation
Authors: Brown Abbie H. , Green Tim
Published: November 2016

The authors report the results of a study that provides bases for comparison between the time necessary to participate in courses delivered asynchronously online and courses delivered in a traditional classroom setting. Weekly discussion threads from 21 sections of six courses offered as part of online, degree-granting, accredited, graduate programs were examined. The purpose of this research is to determine whether students are spending more or less time participating in an online course than in a traditional classroom.

The discussion size (i.e., the number of words per discussion) was determined using the automatic word count function in MS Word. Once the word counts for each course section were determined, the average words per discussion were calculated. The authors used 180 words per minute to calculate the average reading time, based on the work of Ziefle (1998) and Carver (1985, 1990), in order to determine the average minutes per week a student spent reading the discussions.

The study indicates that a typical, graduate-level, online, asynchronous discussion requires about one hour a week of reading time, and the time commitment for participatory activity is similar to that of traditional, face-to-face courses, given that it takes under two hours to compose initial messages and responses to the discussion prompt.

Although these findings are informative, further research is recommended in the area of time spent on online course activities in terms of student hours earned to enable a direct focus on various student characteristics, such as English language competency and student level.
Unbundling faculty roles in online distance education programs
Authors: Tucker Jan , Neely Patricia
Published: November 2016

Many colleges and universities are expanding their current online offerings and creating new programs to address growing enrollment. Institutions often utilize online education as a method to serve more students while lowering instructional costs. While online education may be more cost effective in some situations, college decision makers need to consider the full range of cost implications associated with these online offerings. The unbundling of faculty roles in online distance education programs is one cost consideration that is often overlooked. As the faculty role has become more distributed, so have the costs associated with providing instruction and instructional support. This paper reviews the hidden costs associated with the unbundling of the faculty role and presents a framework for calculating the true costs of the unbundled faculty role.
Development of interactive and reflective learning among Malaysian online distant learners: An ESL instructor’s experience
Authors: Murugaiah Puvaneswary , Thang Siew Ming
Published: November 2016

Technology has brought tremendous advancements in online education, spurring transformations in online pedagogical practices. Online learning in the past was passive, using the traditional teacher-centred approach. However, with the tools available today, it can be active, collaborative, and meaningful. A well-developed task can impel learners to observe, to reflect, to strategize, and to plan their own learning. This paper describes an English as a Second Language (ESL) instructor’s attempt to foster interactive and reflective learning among distance learners at a public university in Malaysia, working within the framework proposed by Salmon (2004). The authors found that proper planning and close monitoring of a writing activity that incorporates interactive and reflective learning helped to raise the students’ awareness of their own learning process and consequently helped them to be more responsible for their learning. The students acquired significant cognitive benefits and also valuable practical learning skills through the online discussions. However, there were challenges in carrying out the writing task to promote this form of learning, including students’ professional and family commitments and cultural attitudes as well as communication barriers in the online environment. To overcome these challenges, the authors recommend the following: ensure tutor guidance, enforce compulsory participation, address technical problems quickly, commence strategic training prior to the beginning of a task, and implement team teaching with each instructor taking on certain roles.
The development of an online instrument for prior learning assessment and recognition of internationally educated nurses: A pilot study
Authors: Santa Mina Elaine Elizabeth , Eifert Carol , Ireland Martha , Fine Carol , Wilson Gail , Micevski Vaska , Wojtiuk Ruth , Valderrama Martha
Published: November 2016

A fully online prior learning assessment and recognition (PLAR) tool for internationally educated nurses (IENs) was developed and tested by an inter-professional team at Ryerson University. The tool consisted of two stages: a self-assessment component followed by a multiple-choice examination and narrative (vignette) evaluation. The purposes of the study were to describe the demographic profile of the IEN registered nurse (RN), to develop the benchmark responses that demonstrate competency at the entry-to-practice level of the typical IEN RN, and to describe the experience of completing an online PLAR tool. A mixed-method approach was used. Findings demonstrated that IEN RNs who immigrate to Ontario, Canada, are of various ages and come from a wide spectrum of countries. The PLAR process holds promise for an objective assessment of IEN’s eligibility to write the Canadian Registered Nurses Examination (CRNE) and to meet a global need. Further testing of the tool across a broader sample is required.
The challenges to connectivist learning on open online networks: Learning experiences during a massive open online course
Authors: Kop Rita
Published: November 2016

Self-directed learning on open online networks is now a possibility as communication and resources can be combined to create learning environments. But is it really? There are some challenges that might prevent learners from having a quality learning experience. This paper raises questions on levels of learner autonomy, presence, and critical literacies required in active connectivist learning.
Re-thinking sustainable education systems in Iceland: The Net-University project
Authors: Rennie Frank , Jóhannesdóttir Sigurbjörg , Kristinsdottir Stefania
Published: November 2016

The recent economic crisis in Iceland has raised issues of the sustainability of Icelandic Higher Education to new levels of importance. The Net-University Project was an EU Leonardo-funded initiative to focus on the transfer of innovation in continuing university education. The partners concentrated on how knowledge and experience about distributed and distance learning models could be transferred between the partner countries, and how such models can be integrated into the education system to better support higher education and life-long learning. There was a particular interest in the practical use of Open Educational Resources for course design, and the sharing of these course modules across university partners. Some good practice and lessons from OER use in course design are listed.
Social presence within the community of inquiry framework
Authors: Annand David
Published: November 2016

The role of social presence as defined by the community of inquiry (CoI) framework is critiqued through a review of recent literature. Evidence is presented that questions the actual extent of knowledge co-construction that occurs in most higher education settings and therefore challenges the framework’s underlying assumption of the need for sustained, contiguous, two-way communication in higher-level online learning environments. The CoI framework has evolved from the description of a learning process within a social constructivist paradigm to an empirically testable construct in an objectivist paradigm. Related research results indicate that social presence does not impact cognitive presence in a meaningful way and that best teaching practices suggested by CoI-based studies are informed by objectivist, cognitively oriented learning theories. These suggest that higher-order cognition may be achieved through wide and varied combinations of learner–teacher, learner–content, and learner–learner interaction. Controlled studies can and should be undertaken to compare learning outcomes using sustained, contiguous, two-way communication to other learning models. To facilitate this, subcategories of social and teaching presences need to be revamped and analysis adjusted to separate processes that support explicitly group-based learning activities from those used by individual students.