bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where is the distal fracture line location of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures?
Authors: Baumbach Sebastian Felix , Schmidt Reinhard , Varga Peter , Heinz Thomas , Vécsei Vilmos , Zysset Philippe K.
Published: October 2010

No consensus currently exists on the facture location of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures (DRFs). We present a systematic evaluation of the distal fracture line (DFL) location of DRFs and possible influencing factors. Determining the average location of DRFs provides a basis for developing more sensitive tests to determine bone strength using a variety of imaging techniques and for developing improved biomechanical models to test fracture characteristics and surgical implants. Initial radiographs of 157 DRFs dorsally displaced DRFs in patients aged 40–74 years were identified, patient and trauma specific data were collected, and standard radiographic measurements and (AO) fracture classification were performed. The dorsal and palmar DFL locations relative to the corresponding apex of the lunate facet were measured. The DFL was located dorsally 7.9 ± 2.7 mm and palmarly 11.7 ± 3.9 mm proximal to the corresponding lunate fossa apex. The dorsal DFL was significantly distal to the palmar one (p < 0.001), but the two did not correlate (r2 = 0.018, p = 0.095). DFL location was independent of age, energy of the fall, and fracture complexity. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:489–494, 2011
Comparative study of the cationic surfactants and their influence on the alkaline hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Kumar Birendra , Ghosh Kallol K. , Dafonte P. Rodriquez
Published: October 2010

A kinetic study of the reaction of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) with sodium hydroxide has been studied in the presence of some conventional and novel cationic surfactants. The pseudo‐first‐order rate constant increases with the surfactant concentration initially and then decreases. In comparison to conventional cationic surfactants, i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium bromide, novel alkyldiethylethanolammonium bromide (R = C16) surfactant accelerated the alkaline hydrolysis significantly. The pseudophase ion‐exchange model has been applied to fit the experimental results. Activation parameters have also been evaluated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 1–8, 2011
Treatment of fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur by means of pedicled iliac crest bone graft: A case report
Authors: Perea‐Tortosa D. , García‐López A. , Saura‐Sánchez E. , Aguirre‐Pastor A.
Published: October 2010

In this report, we present a case of treatment of fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the proximal femur with the pedicled iliac crest bone graft. An 18‐year‐old patient presented with hip pain and polyostotic dysplasia with involvement of the proximal femur and a history of pathological fracture. The patient was operated on using vascularized bone graft from the iliac crest and osteosynthesis with Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS®). With vascularized bone graft, we found an improvement on X‐ray with no reabsorption, and with osteosynthesis, we controlled the pain and prevented pathological fracture and progression of the deformity. Several other studies where the pedicled iliac crest bone graft has been successfully used for the management of defects in the proximal femur (osteonecrosis of the femoral head and pseudarthrosis of the femoral head) can be found in the medical literature. However, the pedicled iliac crest bone graft in a patient with FD of the proximal femur is unique. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Femoral head osteonecrosis: Why choose free vascularized fibula grafting
Authors: Korompilias Anastasios V. , Beris Alexandros E. , Lykissas Marios G. , Kostas‐Agnantis Ioannis P. , Soucacos Panayiotis N.
Published: October 2010

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a disease in which bone death occurs and usually progresses to articular incongruity and subsequent osteoarthritis. To delay the process of the disease and the conversion to total hip arthroplasty, many surgical techniques have been described. Core decompression, nonvascularized autologous bone grafts, porous tantalum implant procedure, and various osteotomies have been used for the management of early precollapse stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, none of these procedures is neither entirely effective nor can obtain predictable results. With the progress of microsurgery, the implantation of a free vascularized fibula graft to the necrotic femoral head has provided the most consistently successful results. Although the procedure is technically demanding, there is growing recognition that the use of free vascularized fibula graft may improve patient quality of life by functional improvement and pain alleviation. The success of the procedure is related to decompression of the femoral head, excision of the necrotic bone, and addition of cancellous bone graft with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, which augments revascularization and neoosteogenesis of the femoral head. Free vascularized fibula graft, especially in younger patients, is a salvaging procedure of the necrotic femoral head in early precollapse stages. In postcollapse osteonecrosis, the procedure appears to delay the need for total hip arthroplasty in the majority of patients. The purpose of this review article is to update knowledge about treatment strategies in femoral head osteonecrosis and to compare free vascularized fibula grafting to traditional and new treatment modalities. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Multi‐system influences on adolescent risky sexual behavior
Authors: Chen Angela Chia‐Chen , Thompson Elaine Adams , Morrison‐Beedy Dianne
Published: October 2010

We examined multi‐system influences on risky sexual behavior measured by cumulative sexual risk index and number of nonromantic sexual partners among 4,465 single, sexually experienced adolescents. Hierarchical Poisson regression analyses were conducted with Wave I–II data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Individual and family factors predicted both outcome measures. Neighborhood set predicted cumulative sexual risk index only, and peer factors predicted the number of nonromantic sexual partners only. School set did not predict either outcome. There were significant associations among risky sexual behavior, drug use, and delinquent behaviors. The results highlight the need for multifaceted prevention programs that address relevant factors related to family, peer and neighborhood influence as well as individual factors among sexually active adolescents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:512–527, 2010
Familial pleuropulmonary blastoma in Australia
Authors: Cross Siobhan F. , Arbuckle Susan , Priest John R. , Marshall Glenn , Charles Adrian , Pozza Luciano Dalla
Published: October 2010

We present three cases of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in Australian children. Each had a family history of childhood tumors which collectively included PPB, infant lung cyst, cystic nephroma, medullo‐epithelioma and a Sertoli–Leydig ovarian tumor. Two of the patients also had additional malignancies: a concurrent bladder rhabdomyosarcoma and a post therapy non‐PPB malignant lung tumor. In two cases, the family histories were elicited years after the PPB diagnosis. Archived pathology material allowed revision of pathologic diagnoses from decades earlier. These cases illustrate the importance of detailed inquiry into family medical history and the pleiotropy of the PPB‐related familial cancer predisposition syndrome, which appears to result from heterozygous DICER1 mutations. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1417–1419. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemostatic management of an infant with severe hemophilia A and tetralogy of Fallot for cardiac bypass surgery
Authors: Rodriguez Vilmarie , Burkhart Harold M. , Schmidt Kirstin A. , Pruthi Rajiv K.
Published: October 2010

We present the hemostatic management of severe hemophilia A of an infant with high risk of inhibitor development who underwent cardiac surgery for correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIII resulted in good hemostasis during surgery and postoperatively. Unfortunately, the patient had inhibitor development 2 months after cardiothoracic surgery. Although cardiac surgery is successful, exposure to factor concentrates in severe hemophilia early in life might predispose a patient to inhibitor development. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1399–1401. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bilateral conjunctival extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kram David E. , Brathwaite Carole D. , Khatib Ziad A.
Published: October 2010

Extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas (EMZLs), while relatively common in adults, are rare entities in the pediatric population. A subclass of the typically aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, the few reported pediatric cases indicate that, as in adults, these tumors tend to be indolent. We present a case of EMZL arising in the conjunctivae in a 9‐year‐old male with bilateral disease. The patient was treated with surgical excision alone and has remained disease‐free 6 years after the operation. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1414–1416. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between pre‐ or postoperative MRI findings and cerebellar sequelae in patients with medulloblastomas
Authors: Szathmari Alexandru , Thiesse Philippe , Galand‐desmé Sophie , Mottolese Carmine , Bret Philippe , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Guyotat Jacques , Lion‐François Laurence , Frappaz Didier
Published: October 2010

Introduction

Immediate and delayed cerebellar dysfunction may be expected after surgical resection of a medulloblastoma. We investigated whether pre‐operative and delayed post‐operative MRI may correlate with such sequelae.

Material and Methods

The data of 31 patients in continuous complete remission after removal of medulloblastoma, irradiation and chemotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was analyzed for the following items: preoperative MRI (ratio of the surface of the tumor/posterior fossa, presence of ventricular dilatation or tonsilar hernia, involvement of the dentate nucleus) and delayed post‐operative MRI (amount of cerebellar parenchyma removed, degree of cerebellar atrophy, presence of T1 hypointense regions in remaining cerebellar area and removal of region containing dentate nucleus). These data were correlated with immediate and long‐term cerebellar syndrome and daily life repercussions.

Results

On preoperative MRI, the ratio of the surface of the tumor/posterior fossa and the presence of tonsilar hernia were significantly correlated with long‐term sequelae on speech (respectively P = 0.027 and P = 0.05). Initial supratentorial ventricular dilatation was correlated with ability to sustain adequately daily tasks (P = 0.002). On delayed MRI, cerebellar atrophy was inversely correlated with ability to sustain daily tasks (P = 0.002). Hypointense T1 territory in remaining cerebellar parenchyma significantly correlated with immediate post‐operative cerebellar syndrome (P = 0.01) and showed a tendency for post‐operative mutism (P = 0.087) but was not correlated with any long‐term sequelae.

Conclusion

Increased cranial pressure on initial MRI and cerebellar atrophy detected on subsequent MRI studies correlated with immediate and long‐term cerebellar sequelae. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1310–1316. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aeration properties of a new sleeping surface for infants
Authors: Bar‐Yishay Ephraim , Gaides Mark , Goren Avner , Szeinberg Amir
Published: October 2010

Background

Prone sleeping position, use of soft mattresses and head covering by bedclothes are known risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Rebreathing carbon dioxide (CO2) may be a possible mechanism or a confounding factor of SIDS.

Objective

To compare the aeration properties of a new concept of infant sleeping surface (Net) to three commercial mattresses advertised to improve aeration and to two standard infant mattresses.

Design

Two experiments were performed: (I) A container (head box), filled with 7% CO2 mixture, was opened to the mattress to allow gas mixture to passively diffuse outside and equilibrate with the surrounding room air. (II) Simulation of normal breathing of an infant, using a unidirectional reciprocal syringe, to determine CO2 accumulation within the head box.

Methods

CO2 concentrations in the head box were continuously measured until CO2 levels fell below 1% or for 5 min (experiment I), or until CO2 accumulation levels plateaued or for 6 min (experiment II).

Results

The Net had a significantly faster rate of CO2 elimination (88.5 ± 4.6 and 91.9 ± 0.9 sec, Net alone and when covered with a sheet, respectively) compared to 238.3 ± 14.2 sec to 387.8 ± 7.9 sec for the other mattresses (P < 0.001). Only the Net was able to prevent CO2 accumulation with maximal CO2 levels (0.56 ± 0.03% and 1.16 ± 0.05%; Net alone and when covered with a sheet, respectively) significantly lower than the range of 4.6–6.3% for the other mattresses (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The new sleeping surface exhibited significantly better aeration properties in dispersing CO2 and in preventing its accumulation. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:193–198. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Burning Characteristics and Thermochemical Behavior of AP/HTPB Composite Propellant Using Coarse and Fine AP Particles
Authors: Kohga Makoto
Published: October 2010

The burning rate of AP/HTPB composite propellant increases with increasing AP content and with decreasing AP size. In addition, the burning rate can be enhanced with the addition of Fe2O3. The burning characteristics and thermal decomposition behavior of AP/HTPB composite propellant using coarse and fine AP particles with and without Fe2O3at various AP contents were investigated to obtain an exhaustive set of data. As the AP content decreased, the burning rate decreased and the propellants containing less than a certain AP content self‐quenched or did not ignite. The self‐quenched combustion began at both lower and higher pressures. The lower limit of AP content to burn the propellant with coarse AP was lower than that with fine AP. The lower limit of AP content to burn was decreased by the addition of Fe2O3. The thermal decomposition behavior of propellants prepared with 20–80 % AP was investigated. The decrease in the peak temperature of the exothermic decomposition suggested an increased burning rate. However, a quantitative relationship between the thermochemical behavior and the burning characteristics, such as the burning rate and the lower limit of AP content to burn, could not be determined.
HDL and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate activate stat3 in prostate cancer DU145 cells via ERK1/2 and S1P receptors, and promote cell migration and invasion
Authors: Sekine Yoshitaka , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Remaley Alan T.
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND

Androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer leads to a significant increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL), but the effect of HDL on prostate cancer is unknown. Recently, HDL, which transports sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), was reported to activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we examined the effect of HDL and S1P on Stat3 activation in prostate cancer cells and the involvement of S1P receptors in this process in three prostate cancer cell lines (PC‐3, LNCaP, and DU145).

METHODS

Discordial reconstituted(r) HDL containing POPC, apoA‐1, and S1P were prepared by the cholate dialysis method. The phosphorylations of Stat3, ERK1/2, and Akt were detected by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasion were determined by wound‐healing assay and matrigel invasion chamber assay.

RESULTS

HDL increased serine 727 phosphorylation of Stat3, but not tyrosine 705 only in DU145 cells. S1P and rHDL‐S1P also induced the phosphorylation, but not rHDL without S1P. They also induced DU145 cells migration and invasion. PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, and pertussis toxin, a Gi inhibitor, attenuated HDL‐, S1P‐, and rHDL‐S1P‐induced Stat3 phosphorylation, whereas LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, had no effect. Concerning S1P receptors, S1P1 expression was much lower than S1P2 and S1P3 in DU145 cells. Both JTE013, a S1P2 antagonist, and VPC23019, a S1P1/S1P3 antagonist, attenuated HDL‐, S1P‐, and rHDL‐S1P‐induced Stat3 phosphorylations and cell migrations.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that the change in HDL plasma levels by androgen deprivation therapy may alter prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Prostate 71:690–699, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐ray composition analysis of nonpolar GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well structures
Authors: Bremers H. , Schwiegel A. , Hoffmann L. , Jönen H. , Rossow U. , Thalmair J. , Zweck J. , Hangleiter A.
Published: October 2010

Determination of compositions in multiple quantum well structures is a critical issue. Until now only few experimental description of determination of concentrations in the nonpolar m‐ or a‐direction in III‐nitrides by means of X‐ray diffraction has been published. Using the example of GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well structures we present different methods to determine the indium concentration. After presenting the relevant elasticity relations we adopt a step model introduced by Segmüller and Blakeslee to nonpolar directions. This model allows a simulation of symmetrical $2{\theta} {-} {\omega} $ scans. We will discuss the possibilities and also the limitations of this model. Additionally, we present a method to determine concentrations by using the peak position of the zero order superlattice peak. Finally, we compare the methods using samples grown on m‐plane SiC and bulk m‐plane GaN.
Three‐dimensional GaN for semipolar light emitters
Authors: Wunderer T. , Feneberg M. , Lipski F. , Wang J. , Leute R. A. R. , Schwaiger S. , Thonke K. , Chuvilin A. , Kaiser U. , Metzner S. , Bertram F. , Christen J. , Beirne G. J. , Jetter M. , Michler P. , Schade L. , Vierheilig C. , Schwarz U. T. , Dräger A. D. , Hangleiter A. , Scholz F.
Published: October 2010

Selective‐area epitaxy is used to form three‐dimensional (3D) GaN structures providing semipolar crystal facets. On full 2‐in. sapphire wafers we demonstrate the realization of excellent semipolar material quality by introducing inverse GaN pyramids. When depositing InGaN quantum wells on such a surface, the specific geometry influences thickness and composition of the films and can be nicely modeled by gas phase diffusion processes. Various investigation methods are used to confirm the drastically reduced piezoelectric polarization on the semipolar planes. Complete electrically driven light‐emitting diode test structures emitting in the blue and blue/green spectral regions show reasonable output powers in the milliwatt regime. Finally, first results of the integration of the 3D structures into a conventional laser design are presented.
Exploration of the (ethanol)4–water heteropentamers potential energy surface by simulated annealing and Ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Mejía Sol M. , Orrego Juan F. , Espinal Juan F. , Fuentealba Patricio , Mondragón Fanor
Published: October 2010

A DFT electronic structure study of the (ethanol)4–water heteropentamers at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) model chemistry was carried out. To get determine possible configurations, the potential energy surface (PES) was explored with two methods: simulated annealing and ab initio molecular dynamics. The results suggest that the PES is very flat. A total of 81 stable structures were determined. These structures were classified into 16 different geometric patterns according to geometric criteria like the number of hydrogen bonds and their spatial arrangement: cyclic, bicyclic, or lineal patterns. Thermodynamic stability was used for defining the order of such classification. Hydrogen bonds are mutually disturbed due to the existence of cooperative effects. Cooperativity affects the nature of the hydrogen bonds and the overall stability of the ethanol–water system given that the strongest interactions are markedly covalent and the most stable geometric pattern corresponds to the pentagonal arrangement. These observations were supported by the analysis of the loss of atomic charge of the hydrogen atoms involved in hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds were classified as primary and secondary hydrogen bonds: OH···O and CH···O, respectively. For comparative purposes, some (ethanol)5, (methanol)5, and (methanol)4–water clusters were characterized in this study. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
The chemical bond overlap plasmon as a tool for quantifying covalency in solid state materials and its applications to spectroscopy
Authors: Moura Renaldo T. , Malta Oscar L. , Longo Ricardo L.
Published: October 2010

The polarizability of the charge density in the overlap region of a chemical bond has already been correlated to its covalency in diatomic molecules and in lanthanide compounds. This concept has been successfully extended in the present contribution to alkali halide MX (M = Li, Na, K and X = F, Cl, Br) crystals. For more covalent compounds such as silicon, aluminum, and tin oxides the proposed treatment of the crystalline environment cannot be considered quantitative. However, for MX systems, good correlations between the chemical bond overlap polarizabilities and macroscopic properties such as molar polarizabilities and energy band gaps were established. In addition, the overlap region is regarded as a localized plasmon‐like charge distribution (chemical bond overlap plasmon–CBOP), thus leading to absorption and Raman scattering processes by the overlap region, and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. The processes associated with CBOP excitations and energy‐loss have been used to assign structures and shoulders present in spectra of MX crystals that have either not been assigned or ambiguously assigned as excitons or surface plasmons excitations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Theoretical study of mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between dimethyl‐silylene carbene [(CH3)2SiC:] and formaldehyde
Authors: Lu Xiu Hui , Xiang Ping Ping , Lian Zhen Xia , Li Yong Qing
Published: October 2010

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dimethyl‐silylene carbene and formaldehyde has been investigated with MP2/6‐31G* method, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The energies of the different conformations are calculated by zero‐point energy and CCSD (T)//MP2/6‐31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The main products of first dominant reaction pathway are a planar four‐membered ring product (P4) and its H‐transfer product (P4.2). The main product of second dominant reaction pathway is a silicic bis‐heterocyclic compound (P5). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Comparative semiempirical and DFT study of styrylnaphthalenes and styrylquinolines and their photocyclization products
Authors: Budyka Mikhayl F. , Oshkin Ilia V.
Published: October 2010

Semiempirical molecular orbital (PM3, PM6, and RM1) and density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP/6‐31G*) studies are carried out for 1‐ and 2‐styrylnaphthalenes and their aza‐derivatives—2‐ and 4‐styrylquinolines. Relative stabilities of three isomeric forms: E‐ and Z‐isomers and the closed‐ring dihydrocyclophotoproduct (derivative of dihydrophenanthrene) are calculated. Compared to PM3, PM6 and especially RM1 understate heats of formation; in some cases, PM6 and RM1 even place Z‐isomer in energy below E‐isomer. PM3 rather close to DFT predicts heats of isomerization reaction, whereas PM6 and especially RM1 underestimate these values. Semiempirical methods in comparison with DFT markedly underestimate heats of cyclization reaction; however, reproduce trends in relative stabilities of different isomers in dependence on the structure of styrylnaphthalenes and styrylquinolines. Qualitative correlation is found between calculated relative stabilities of the closed‐ring forms (heats of cyclization reaction) and experimental data: cyclized products with low heats of cyclization are observed in steady‐state photolysis and those with high heats of cyclization are not. In the latter case, the closed‐ring compounds, if formed in the excited state, due to thermal instability decompose rapidly with ring opening in the ground state that prevents their observation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Ab initio and AIM studies on typical π‐type and pseudo‐π‐type halogen bonds: Comparison with hydrogen bonds
Authors: Zeng Yanli , Zhang Xueying , Li Xiaoyan , Zheng Shijun , Meng Lingpeng
Published: October 2010

Series of typical π‐type and pseudo‐π‐type halogen‐bonded complexes B···ClY and B···BrY and hydrogen‐bonded complex B···HY (B = C2H4, C2H2, and C3H6; Y = F, Cl, and Br) have been investigated using the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVDZ method. A striking parallelism was found in the geometries, vibrational frequencies, binding energies, and topological properties between B···XY and B···HY (X = Cl and Br). It has been found that the lengths of the weak bondd(X···π)/d(H···π), the frequencies of the weak bond ν(X···π)/ν(H···π), the frequency shifts Δν(XY)/Δν(HY), the electron densities at the bond critical point of the weak bonds ρc(X···π)/ρc(H···π), and the electron density changes Δρc(XY)/Δρc(HY) could be used as measures of the strengths of typical π‐type and pseudo‐π‐type halogen/hydrogen bonds. The typical π‐type and pseudo‐π‐type halogen bond and hydrogen bond are noncovalent interactions. For the same Y, the halogen bond strengths are in the order B···ClY < B···BrY. For the same X, the halogen bond strength decreases according to the sequence F > Cl > Br that is in agreement with the hydrogen bond strengths B···HF > B···HCl > B···HBr. All of these typical π‐type and pseudo‐π‐type hydrogen‐bonded and halogen‐bonded complexes have the “conflict‐type” structure. Contour maps of the Laplacian of π electron density indicate that the formation of B···XY halogen‐bonded complex and B···HY hydrogen‐bonded complex is very similar. Charge transfer is observed from B to XY/HY and both the dipolar polarization and the volume of the halogen atom or hydrogen atom decrease on B···XY/B···HY complex formation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Sequential diagnostic trial designs
Authors: Dong Ting , Tang Liansheng
Published: October 2010

Group sequential design (GSD) as an alternative of the fixed sample design addresses both cost and ethical concerns in diagnostic trials. In this article, we review GSD methods for comparing the diagnostic accuracy of markers in diagnostic trials. We also review sample size calculation methods in such trials.WIREs Comp Stat2011 3 79–83 DOI: 10.1002/wics.136

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Clinical Trials
Culture in Asian American Community Psychology: Beyond the East–West Binary
Authors: Okazaki Sumie , Saw Anne
Published: October 2010

In response to a call to better integrate culture in community psychology (O'Donnell in American Journal of Community Psychology 37:1–7 2006), we offer a cultural‐community framework to facilitate a collaborative engagement between community psychologists and ethnic minority communities, focusing on Asian American communities as illustrations. Extending Hays' (Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, 2008) ADDRESSING framework for considering cultural influences on a counseling relationship, the proposed framework provides a broad but systematic guidepost for considering three major cultural‐ecological influences on Asian American communities: Race and Ethnicity (R), Culture (C), and Immigration and Transnational Ties (I). We provide a sequence of steps that incorporate the ADDRESSING and the RCI frameworks to facilitate the collaborative community‐based research or social action.
Reconcilable Differences? Human Diversity, Cultural Relativity, and Sense of Community
Authors: Townley Greg , Kloos Bret , Green Eric P. , Franco Margarita M.
Published: October 2010

Sense of community (SOC) is one of the most widely used and studied constructs in community psychology. As proposed by Sarason in (The Psychological sense of community: prospects for a community psychology, Jossey‐Bass, San Francisco, 1974), SOC represents the strength of bonding among community members. It is a valuable component of community life, and it has been linked to positive mental health outcomes, citizen participation, and community connectedness. However, promotion of SOC can become problematic in community psychology praxis when it conflicts with other core values proposed to define the field, namely values of human diversity, cultural relativity, and heterogeneity of experience and perspective. Several commentators have noted that promotion of SOC can conflict with multicultural diversity because it tends to emphasize group member similarity and appears to be higher in homogeneous communities. In this paper, we introduce the idea of a community‐diversity dialectic as part of praxis and research in community psychology. We argue that systematic consideration of cultural psychology perspectives can guide efforts to address a community‐diversity dialectic and revise SOC formulations that ultimately will invigorate community research and action. We provide a working agenda for addressing this dialectic, proposing that systematic consideration of the creative tension between SOC and diversity can be beneficial to community psychology.
Effects of enzyme replacement therapy on growth in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Schulze‐Frenking G. , Jones Simon A. , Roberts J. , Beck M. , Wraith J. E.
Published: October 2010

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II; Hunter syndrome) is an X‐linked, recessive, lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of iduronate‐2‐sulfatase. It has multisystemic involvement, with manifestations in the brain, upper respiratory tract, heart, abdomen, joints and bones. Bone involvement leads to decreased growth velocity and short stature in nearly all patients. A therapeutic option for patients with MPS II is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with idursulfase (Elaprase®). We compared annual growth rates before and during ERT in 18 patients from Mainz, Germany, and Manchester, UK. Group 1 included nine patients who started ERT before 10 years of age; group 2 contained nine patients aged more than 10 years at the start of ERT. All patients had received weekly or biweekly ERT or placebo for 1 year, followed by ERT for more than 3 years. For patients in group 1, the mean (± SD) height increase was 14.6 ± 5.5 cm during 3 years of ERT. Only one patient in this group (who was below the 3rd percentile when starting ERT) deviated from the normal growth curve over this time. Patients in group 2 had a mean height increase of 8.1 ± 1.7 cm after 3 years of ERT compared with an increase of 1 cm in the year before ERT. ERT seems to have a positive influence on growth in patients with MPS II. Most benefit is seen in patients beginning ERT before the age of 10 years. This supports the recommendation that ERT should be started as early as possible in patients with MPS II.
Parental catastrophizing about their child's chronic pain: Are mothers and fathers different?
Authors: Hechlerl Tanja , Vervoortl Tine , Hamannl Maximiliane , Tietzel Anna‐Lena , Vocksl Silja , Goubertl Liesbet , Hermannl Christiane , Wagerl Julia , Blankenburgl Markus , Schroederl Sandra , Zernikowl Boris
Published: October 2010

Preliminary evidence suggests that parental catastrophizing about their child's pain may be important in understanding both parental responses to their child's pain and the child's pain experience. However, little is known about potential differences between mothers and fathers. There were three aims of the present study addressing this lack of knowledge: (i) to investigate the three‐factor structure of the German version of the Parental Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS‐P) (Goubert et al., 2006) in mothers and fathers of children with chronic pain, (ii) to explore differences between mothers and fathers in parental catastrophizing, (iii) to investigate the contribution of parental catastrophizing on the child's chronic pain problem and pain‐related parent behavior.

In a sample of 128 mothers and fathers of paediatric chronic pain patients, the invariance of the PCS‐P was evaluated. Results replicated the previously established three‐factor structure (i.e. rumination, magnification and helplessness) in both groups. Mothers reported higher levels of catastrophizing as compared to fathers. Specifically, mothers and fathers differed on levels of rumination; the two groups did not differ in magnification and helplessness. Maternal but not paternal catastrophizing contributed significantly in explaining the child's pain intensity whereas neither mothers' nor fathers' catastrophizing were significantly related to the child's disability. Both maternal and paternal catastrophizing contributed significantly to heightened parental solicitous responses. Fathers' but not mothers' catastrophizing also contributed to heightened distracting responses. The present findings attest to the importance of maternal and paternal catastrophizing for the child's pain characteristics and pain‐related parent behavior, which are both relevant for treatment conceptualization.
CSN5/Jab1 controls multiple events in the mammalian cell cycle
Authors: Yoshida Akihiro , Yoneda-Kato Noriko , Panattoni Martina , Pardi Ruggero , Kato Jun-ya
Published: October 2010

MINT‐8046253: Csn1 (uniprotkb:Q99LD4) physically interacts (MI:0914) with Csn5 (uniprotkb:O35864), Csn8 (uniprotkb:Q8VBV7), Csn3 (uniprotkb:O88543), Csn7b (uniprotkb:Q8BV13) and Csn6 (uniprotkb:O88545) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
Evidence for a dynamic role of the linker histone variant H1x during retinoic acid‐induced differentiation of NT2 cells
Authors: Shahhoseini Maryam , Favaedi Raha , Baharvand Hossein , Sharma Vikram , Stunnenberg Hendrik G
Published: October 2010

The dynamics of chromatin structure are tightly regulated by multiple epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications and incorporation of histone variants. In the current work, differentiation of an embryonal carcinoma cell line, NT2, was induced by retinoic acid, and total histone proteins were compared throughout this process. The results showed a significant change in expression level of a variant of H1 histone named H1x. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with real‐time PCR analysis demonstrated a preferential incorporation of this protein in the regulatory region of Nanog, a marker gene of stemness that is significantly suppressed in differentiated cells. This finding reveals a dynamic role of H1x in differentiation, and implies a repressive role for this histone variant.
Secondary necrosis: The natural outcome of the complete apoptotic program
Authors: Silva Manuel T.
Published: October 2010

The predominant definition of apoptosis considers that the elimination of the apoptosing cell is by heterolytic degradation following phagocytosis by an assisting scavenger (efferocytosis). However, an alternative and largely underestimated outcome of apoptosis is secondary necrosis, an autolytic process of cell disintegration with release of cell components that occurs when there is no intervention of scavengers and the full apoptotic program is completed. Secondary necrosis is the typical outcome of apoptosis in unicellular eukaryotes but, importantly, it may also occur in multicellular animals and has been implicated in the genesis of important human pathologies. Secondary necrosis is a mode of cell elimination with specific molecular and morphological features and should be considered the natural outcome of the complete apoptotic program.
POSH promotes cell survival in Drosophila and in human RASF cells
Authors: Tsuda Manabu , Kawaida Reimi , Kobayashi Kyoko , Shinagawa Akira , Sawada Tetsuji , Yamada Ryo , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Aigaki Toshiro
Published: October 2010

In Drosophila, Eiger, a tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) superfamily ligand, induces cell death by activating the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Here, we report that overexpression of Plenty of SH3s (POSH) suppresses Eiger‐induced cell death and produces highly deformed tissues. These results imply that high levels of POSH protect tissues from cell death. In humans, rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) are generally resistant to apoptosis. We show that POSH is expressed at relatively high levels in RASF, and its reduction by RNAi sensitizes these cells to Fas‐mediated apoptosis. Thus, we demonstrate that POSH promotes cell survival in Drosophila and in human RASF.
Minor physical anomalies: potentially informative vestiges of fetal developmental disruptions in schizophrenia
Authors: Compton Michael T. , Chan Raymond C.K. , Walker Elaine F. , Buckley Peter F.
Published: October 2010

Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are subtle signs of developmental deviation that are observed at an elevated frequency among patients with schizophrenia. These minor morphological abnormalities of the craniofacial region and limbs arise during fetal development and represent a set of risk markers for schizophrenia. Although MPAs are not specific to schizophrenia, established findings about MPAs vis‐à‐vis schizophrenia include the replicated findings that MPAs are more prevalent among individuals with schizophrenia than healthy controls, MPAs are more prevalent among individuals with schizophrenia than unaffected relatives, and MPAs are not consistently associated with symptom domains or other risk markers, such as neurological soft signs. Unresolved questions include whether or not MPAs are more prevalent among unaffected relatives than healthy controls, and which specific MPAs are most associated with schizophrenia. This overview presents three promising avenues of further research on MPAs, including: (1) studies relying on traditional summary scores that combine multiple MPAs, which may have a role in prospective risk stratification in conjunction with other risk markers and endophenotypes; (2) research on specific, quantitatively assessed MPAs (especially in specific craniofacial structures) that may inform neurodevelopmental understandings of schizophrenia; and (3) genetic studies aimed at identifying the heritable and nonheritable determinants of specific MPAs, which may increase the field's understanding of the origins of MPAs and the nature of their association with schizophrenia.
Olfactory Neuroblastoma in a Cat
Authors: Parker Valerie J , Morrison Jo Ann , Yaeger Michael J
Published: October 2010

Case summary A 12.5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of dyspnea. Physical examination suggested upper airway disease. Computed tomography revealed the presence of a nasopharyngeal mass. Biopsies obtained via rhinoscopy led to a diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma.

Clinical challenges Olfactory neuroblastoma (or esthesioneuroblastoma) is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from olfactory neuroepithelium. It was first described in human medicine in 1924. Clinical signs are variable, and diagnosis may prove challenging as this tumor, which is a differential for spontaneous intranasal tumors in cats, may be mistaken for poorly differentiated carcinomas or round cell tumors. Given its rarity, treatment options for this neoplasm have not been thoroughly evaluated and there is no standard treatment protocol.

Literature review A review of veterinary and human literature is provided, encompassing clinical signs, staging and grading systems, treatment options and prognostic factors.
Dental Health, Acidogenic Meal, and Snack Patterns Among Low‐Income Women During Early Pregnancy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Murphey Christina , Fowles Eileen
Published: October 2010

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to collect preliminary data related to self‐reported dental problems, dental health–related nutrient intake, and acidogenic meal and snack composition intake during early pregnancy in low‐income women and to assess the feasibility of current research methods for use in a larger study.

Methods: Low‐income women (n = 13) in the first trimester of pregnancy participated in this study. Pregnant women completed a demographic questionnaire, participated in three 24‐hour dietary recalls, and answered several questions related to their oral health status and frequency of dental visits.

Results: Preliminary data suggest that women in this study were susceptible to dental problems and consumed acidogenic meals and snacks. Protocol data suggest that it is feasible to implement current research protocols, with adaptations, for use in a larger study.

Discussion: Health care professionals should assess low‐income pregnant women in early pregnancy for dental problems and acidogenic meal and snack patterns and provide referrals to appropriate health professionals and community health services.
Relationship Between Vitamin D During Perinatal Development and Health
Authors: Kaludjerovic Jovana , Vieth Reinhold
Published: October 2010

Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition that is present in 40% to 80% of pregnant women. There is emerging evidence that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk modifying factor for many chronic diseases, including osteomalacia, rickets, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, heart disease, type 1 diabetes, and cancer. Heightened susceptibility to these diseases may originate in early life during the development of tissue structure and function. It is suspected that biologic mechanisms can “memorize” the metabolic effects of early nutritional environment through fetal and neonatal imprinting. Inadequate vitamin D nutrition during perinatal life may establish a poor foundation that may produce long‐term threats to human health. This review summarizes the risks of vitamin D deficiency for human health and provides the current vitamin D recommendations for mothers and their newborns.
Prenatal Omega‐3 Fatty Acids: Review and Recommendations
Authors: Jordan Robin G.
Published: October 2010

The influence of dietary omega‐3 fatty acids on health outcomes is widely recognized. The adequate intake of omega‐3 fatty acids docasahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in particular can increase gestation length and improve infant cognitive and visual performance. Adequate levels of omega‐3 fatty acids have also been shown to reduce the incidence of preterm birth in some populations. Research on prenatal omega‐3 intake and other outcomes, such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, is inconclusive. Women in the United States consume low levels of omega‐3 fatty acids compared to omega‐6 fatty acids; this dietary pattern is associated with poor health outcomes. Omega‐3 fatty acids are found primarily in fish, yet many pregnant women avoid fish because of concerns about potential mercury and polychlorinated biphenyl contamination. It is important for prenatal care providers to assess women's diets for omega‐3 fatty acid intake and ensure that pregnant women are consuming between 200 and 300 mg daily from safe food sources. Purified fish, algal oil supplements, and DHA‐enriched eggs are alternative sources for pregnant women who do not eat fish.
Implementation of the New Institute of Medicine Gestational Weight Gain Guidelines
Authors: Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Deierlein Andrea , Stuebe Alison
Published: October 2010

In May 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) introduced revised gestational weight gain guidelines that were based on balancing the benefits and risks of weight gain for both the mother and child's health. This article provides an overview of these new recommendations, explaining the key changes made from the previous 1990 IOM recommendations. The important role of health care providers of pregnant women in the implementation of the new recommendations is detailed, and specific guidance for troubleshooting issues that may be encountered when helping women achieve appropriate gestational weight gains is provided.
Prenatal Nutrition: A Practical Guide for Assessment and Counseling
Authors: Widen Elizabeth , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria
Published: October 2010

Adequate nutrition during the periconceptional and prenatal periods is important for healthy pregnancy outcomes. By enhancing maternal nutritional status, health care providers can help pregnant women lower their risk of certain pregnancy complications and decrease their children's risk of adverse birth outcomes and later chronic disease. Use of evidence‐based tools and recommendations will assist in the assessment of pregnant women's diets and streamline the counseling session to optimize their nutritional status. This article contains a review of the literature related to nutrition intervention studies during pregnancy that were designed to improve habits or achieve target weight gains and nutrition recommendations specific for the pregnancy state, as well as tools/resources for the health care provider for implementation of these recommendations into their busy practices.
Specialized Care for Women Pregnant After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Harris Amy A. , Barger Mary K.
Published: October 2010

Growing numbers of women today will seek bariatric surgery before pregnancy. Protein‐calorie malnutrition; hyperemesis; intestinal hernias; dumping syndrome; anemia; and deficiencies in calcium, folic acid, and vitamins B12, D, and K are all possible complications that can impact pregnancy. This article reviews the nutritional and pregnancy‐related consequences of current surgical procedures and summarizes existing research showing positive and negative effects of weight‐loss surgery on pregnancy outcomes. Practice‐based clinical recommendations will help guide clinicians caring for the increasing number of women who become pregnant after having bariatric surgery.
Essentials of Healthy Eating: A Guide
Authors: Skerrett Patrick J. , Willett Walter C.
Published: October 2010

Enough solid evidence now exists to offer women several fundamental strategies for healthy eating. They include emphasizing healthful unsaturated fats, whole grains, good protein “packages,” and fruits and vegetables; limiting consumption of trans and saturated fats, highly refined grains, and sugary beverages; and taking a multivitamin with folic acid and extra vitamin D as a nutritional safety net. A diet based on these principles is healthy through virtually all life stages, from young adulthood through planning for pregnancy, pregnancy, and on into old age.