bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollution Characteristics of Atmospheric Carbonyl Compounds in a Large City of Northern China
Authors: Wang Jinhe , Chen Shan , Qiu Xiaoguo , Niu Wenya , Li Ouyang , Zhu Chao , Zhang Xi , Yang Xue , Zhang Guiqin
Published: January 2022

To better understand the pollution characteristics and formation mechanisms of atmospheric carbonyl compounds, continuous measurements of carbonyl compounds in Jinan were taken for one month at a sampling frequency of 2 h. The sources, pollution characteristics, and concentration changes of carbonyl compounds during the summers of 2018 and 2020 were compared. The total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 10.51 ± 0.13 ppbV and 6.30 ± 1.08 ppbV in 2018 and 2020, respectively. In both years, formaldehyde, acetone, and acetaldehyde were the major carbonyls. Diurnal variations and correlation analyses showed that exhaust emissions from motor vehicles during peak traffic periods significantly contributed to the concentrations of carbonyl compounds in Jinan, with formaldehyde exhibiting net production. The ratio of formaldehyde/acetaldehyde (C1/C2) was 2.64 in 2018 and 2.03 in 2020, indicating that carbonyl compounds are jointly affected by anthropogenic sources and photochemical reactions. Master Chemical Mechanism model analyses showed that the formation of formaldehyde in Jinan was controlled by RO + O2 reactions, and formaldehyde was mainly consumed via photolysis and its reaction with the hydroxyl radical. In situ photochemistry can further promote formaldehyde production. The comparison of the reactivities of different carbonyl compounds revealed that formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, and propionaldehyde play an important role in hydroxyl radical reactions and ozone generation. Among all the measured carbonyl compounds, benzaldehyde contributed the most to secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Overall, this study provides new insights into the formation mechanisms of carbonyl compounds as well as their pollution characteristics.
Deep Learning with Multisource Data Fusion in Electricity Internet of Things for Electricity Price Forecast
Authors: Xie Ke , Luo Yiwang , Li Wenjing , Chen Zhipeng , Zhang Nan , Liu Cai
Published: January 2022

More and more IoT (Internet of Thing) devices have been connected to our lives in recent years, making life more convenient. Many countries are also making use of Internet of Thing technology to carry out intelligent electricity network reform. One of the reform goals is balancing the supply and demand of electricity, which has become a top priority. Balancing electricity supply and demand through real-time electricity prices has become an effective way. However, using traditional machine learning models for real-time electricity price prediction requires complex feature engineering, and the results are not satisfactory. Also, the mainstream fusion methods use data-level fusion, which will put very high pressure on communication bandwidth and computer resources. In this paper, an LSTM- (long short-term memory-) based decision level fusion of multisource data is proposed and applied for real-time electricity price prediction on actual electricity price datasets. The method solves the difficulties of traditional machine learning models in dealing with complex nonlinear problems. It achieves local asynchronous processing of multisource data through decision-level fusion, reducing the requirement for bandwidth resources and providing perfect results in real-time electricity price prediction. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the decision fusion prediction model based on LSTM is higher than that of the linear regression algorithm.
Clinical Characteristics and Death Risk Factors of Severe Sepsis in Children
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cao Buqing , Cao Weihong , Miao Hongjun , Wu Lihui
Published: January 2022

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by viral infection. The circulatory dysfunction caused by sepsis is also called septic shock or septic shock. The main characteristics are rapid onset, rapid changes, and involvement. Multiple organs in the body make diagnosis difficult, which seriously threatens the survival of patients. As many as one million people worldwide die every year because of SIRS, it is also the leading cause of death among children in hospital ICUs. This article is aimed at studying the clinical characteristics of severe sepsis in children and the risk factors for death. Based on the analysis of the pathogenesis of sepsis and the treatment of septic shock, 65 cases of children with PICU sepsis admitted to a hospital were selected. Data, to study its clinical characteristics and risk factors for death. The results of the study showed that despite the interaction among the removal factors of the three indexes of serum lactic acid value, PCIS level, and the number of organs involved in MODS, they are still related to the mortality of children with severe sepsis.
The Dietary Use of Pigeon Pea for Human and Animal Diets
Authors: Kuraz Abebe Belete
Published: January 2022

Pigeon pea (PP) [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth] plays an important role in preserving poor smallholders’ major source of income in the tropics and subtropics by improving food and feed security, particularly protein intake. In the meantime, protein deficiency is frequent in tropical and subtropical regions due to rapidly increasing human populations and the high cost of animal-origin proteins. As a result, pulse crops should be their primary source of protein. Among these, PP is the most important pulse crop utilized as a food component in rain-fed agricultural conditions with the lowest costs, and it is the best source of protein supplements in typical cereal-based diets to fill the nutritional deficit. Despite this, it is the world’s least-used pulse crop. Therefore, the primary goal of this review was to provide and synthesize scientifically confirmed and up-to-date information on the dietary usage of pigeon pea for food and feed. Protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and essential amino acids are all present in reasonable amounts in both mature and immature PP seeds. PP has the most potential for usage as food and feed, and its nutrients are comparable to those of soybeans and maize. PP’s green leaves, roots, seeds, and pods are high in phenolic compounds, which have anti-inflammation, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antidiabetic properties, as well as the ability to cure diseases like measles, smallpox, chicken pox, sickle cell anemia, fever, dysentery, hepatitis, and antimalarial medications for the body. Furthermore, the addition of pigeon pea and its by-products improves ruminant and nonruminant animal feeding performance significantly. In general, PP products such as dried grain, fresh (aerial portion), and green pods are used as a low-cost (low-cost) source of high-quality and quantity of protein food and feed for tropical and subtropical populations’ livelihoods.
Enhancing the Accuracy and Speed of Sampling in Image Sensors by Designing Analog to Digital Converter with Power Decrease Approach
Authors: Saeidiyan Zeinab , Fatehi Mohammad Hosein , Taghizadeh Mehdi , Ghanbarian Mohammad Mehdi
Published: January 2022

Analog to digital converters (ADCs) enable the processing of real-world analog signals in the digital realm. These converters are widely used in sensor systems, medical components, multimedia systems, image sensors, and wireless sensor nodes. Today, in portable devices that are powered by batteries, low power consumption and small area are a major and important need. Therefore, methods that can reduce power consumption and area have a variety of applications and are of great importance. Power consumption is one of the most important features of an integrated analog to digital converter. In this paper, a new design of low-power and fast analog to digital converter is presented. This design is used for specific applications for image processing. The suggested approach for rereading the image for limited number of pixels was designed and simulated, showing a considerable power decrease compared to the suggested state that depends on the pixel values.
Study on Downhole Throttling Characteristics of High Water Content Gas
Authors: Zheng Jie , Li Zhenzhen , Dou Yihua , Zhang Yarong , Bi Cheng , Yang Xu , Li Jiahui
Published: January 2022

In order not to hinder gas production, we usually hope that the bottom hole effusion can be discharged to the surface with high-pressure natural gas. For the production data of high water content gas wells, the problems of insufficient water content and liquid-carrying capacity affecting gas well production should be considered. Based on the wellbore gas-liquid two-phase pipe flow theory and heat transfer theory, the temperature and pressure coupling prediction model of a high water-bearing gas well is established. Combined with the downhole throttling mechanism and gas-liquid two-phase homogeneous flow theory, the temperature and pressure field distribution model is established. The results show that compared with the Ramey model and Hassan and Kabir model, the temperature and pressure coupling prediction model of high water-bearing gas wells established in this study has the smallest coefficient of variation in the four groups of data tests. Based on this, the effects of different working conditions and choke diameter on downhole throttling characteristics of high water-bearing gas wells are analyzed. The findings of this study are helpful to better predict the wellbore temperature and pressure coupling of high water-bearing gas wells and provide more effective help for the smooth production of gas wells.
Silencing of AKIP1 Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition Process of Glioma Cells by Upregulating DLG2
Authors: Chen Zhaohui , Wen Haitao , Zhang Jinwei , Zou Xin , Wu Shuihua
Published: January 2022

Gliomas, the most prevalent brain tumors, account for nearly one‐third of the all brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors diagnosed in the USA. The purpose of this study was to discuss the important role of A kinase‐interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) in glioma and reveal the potential mechanism. After prediction by CCLE, the expression of AKIP1 was determined by qRT‐PCR and western blot. The impacts of AKIP1 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and invasion were then measured by MTT, colony formation assay, wound healing, and transwell assays. Western blot was used to assess the protein levels of migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐ (EMT‐) related factors. Subsequently, the expression of Disks Large Homolog 2 (DLG2) was predicted by bioinformatics analyses, and the interaction between AKIP1 and DLG2 was confirmed by IP assay, qRT‐PCR, and western blot. Finally, DLG2 was further downregulated in glioma cells to detect the association between AKIP1 and DLG2 in the cellular functions of glioma. It was demonstrated that AKIP1 exhibited a high level in glioma cells, and interference of AKIP1 led to reductions in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of glioma cells. DLG2, which was lowly expressed in glioma cells, demonstrated a negative link to AKIP2. Inhibition of both AKIP2 and DLG2 counteracted the inhibited cellular behaviors on account of AKIP1 interference. To be concluded, this study presented evidence that AKIP1 silencing suppressed the progression of glioma via targeting DLG2, which could provide novel insights to impede the development of glioma.
The Efficacy of Kohl (Surma) and Erythromycin in Treatment of Blepharitis: An Open-Label Clinical Trial
Authors: Karbassi Esmat , Amiri-Ardekani Ehsan , Farsinezhad Alireza , Shahesmaeili Armita , Abhari Yasaman , Ziaesistani Mahsa , Pouryazdanpanah Noushin , Derakhshani Ali , Jamshidi Fatemeh , Tajadini Haleh
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Blepharitis is a common and chronic form of eyelid inflammation. Blepharitis treatment aims to decrease symptoms through antibacterial effects. One of the most common treatments of eyelid diseases in traditional medicine is using kohl. This clinical trial aimed to investigate its efficacy as a complementary treatment in staphylococcal blepharitis through an open-label clinical trial. Materials and Methods. Thirty patients were randomized to receive kohl in one eye contralateral and erythromycin ointment in another eye for 90 days. At baseline and after 90 days of treatment, symptoms, clinical signs, and side effects of treatments were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, version 19. Results. Despite randomization, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control eyes in the baseline mean clinical score (intervention eye: 9.86 (2.95) and control eye: 4.30 (2.81),

P
<
0.001

). The degree of reduction of related signs and symptoms in the eyes treated with kohl was significantly higher than that in the control group: (5.2 vs. 2.20,

P
<
0.001

) for symptoms and (7.40 vs. 2.46,

P
<
0.001

) for clinical signs. Cohen’s d statistic for mean difference of sign and symptom was 2.4 and 1.75, respectively, indicating a very strong effect. Conclusion. The present study results demonstrated a significant improvement in blepharitis-related signs and symptoms. The degree of improvement in the eyes treated with kohl was much higher than that in the control eyes.
Applications of Convolutional Neural Network for Classification of Land Cover and Groundwater Potentiality Zones
Authors: Tegegne Asnakew Mulualem
Published: January 2022

In the field of groundwater engineering, a convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a great role to assess the spatial groundwater potentiality zones and land use/land cover changes based on remote sensing (RS) technology. CNN can be offering a great potential to extract complex spatial features with multiple high levels of generalization. However, geometric distortion and fuzzy entity boundaries as well as a huge data preparation severance may be the main constraint and affect the spatial potential of CNN application for land cover classification. This study aims to recognize the proficiency of deep learning algorithms, i.e., CNN, for spatial assessment of groundwater potential zones and land cover. Among the groundwater influencing factors, classification of land cover (agriculture, built-up, water bodies, forests, and bare land) has been reported by several researchers for different purposes and they approved the CNN capability for the prediction of spatial groundwater potentiality zones like very high, high, moderate, poor, and very poor areas. In this study, CNN is recommended as a very essential algorithm for the identification of groundwater potential zones and classification of land use/land cover change. CNN gives a better option for scholars regarding when the limited data sets are available for validation.
Citrus Flavone Tangeretin Inhibits CRPC Cell Proliferation by Regulating Cx26, AKT, and AR Signaling
Authors: Zhang Ningfang , Wu Wenqi , Huang Yapeng , An Lingyue , He Zhichan , Chang Zhenglin , He Zhaohui , Lai Yongchang
Published: January 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) progression depends on the action of androgen receptors (AR). Therefore, preventing ligand-mediated activation of AR is the first-line treatment strategy for metastatic PCa. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can inhibit ligand binding to AR and alleviate PCa progression initially. However, due to the adaptation of PCa and recovery of AR signaling, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually develops. Exploring novel dietary compounds that can target AR signaling appears to be a viable alternative therapeutic option for CRPC. In the present study, compounds from the citrus fruits were focused upon, which contain various flavonoid ingredients. Key components contained within orange peel, which is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine, and downstream targets were first analyzed using network pharmacology approach. Notably, it was found that tangeretin, an active ingredient from orange peel, can significantly inhibit CRPC cell (C4-2 and Du145 cells) proliferation and migration whilst also synergistically increasing the sensitivity of CRPC cells to anti-tumor drugs sorafenib or cisplatin. Tangeretin also significantly reduced AR and AKT expressions in C4-2 cells and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression in the androgen-insensitive cell line Du145. In addition, tangeretin increased the expression of both connexin26 (Cx26) and gap junction function, which may mediate the bystander effects of cisplatin or sorafenib. Taken together, the present study revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which tangeretin may inhibit the proliferation of CRPC cells, by affecting the Cx26/AKT/AR pathway, to synergistically increase the sensitivity of CRPC cells to sorafenib and cisplatin.
A Data Augmentation Method for Vertical Federated Learning
Authors: Zhang JianFei , Jiang YuChen
Published: January 2022

Federated learning (FL) enables various organizations to jointly train one single model without revealing their private data to each other. The FL can be classified as horizontal federated learning (HFL) and vertical federated learning (VFL) according to the distribution of overlap samples and overlap features in the dataset. VFL allows various organizations to share machine learning based on the overlap samples, each one of which has the same identity. However, VFL suffers from insufficient number of overlap samples among all participants. Hence, the shortage of overlap data results in a worse performance of the global model. In this article, we propose a data augmentation method, FedDA, which is based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) to increase the number of training data. We generate more overlap data by learning the features of finite overlap data and many locally existing nonoverlap data, which expand the availability for training the overlap dataset. A series of experiments were executed on both MNIST and CIFAR-10. The results show that FedDA can efficiently utilize nonoverlap samples to enhance the effect of the data augmentation. It can generate high-quality overlap samples and expand the set of overlap samples. Thus, when the VFL is short of overlap samples, FedDA can provide abundant training data to improve the performance of the VFL model.
A Personalized Recommendation System for English Teaching Resources Based on Multi-K Nearest Neighbor Regression Algorithm
Authors: Tang Yan , Yu Yang
Published: January 2022

In order to ensure the quality of resource recommendation and solve the problems of low recommendation accuracy, long recommendation time, and high data loss rate in the process of resource recommendation in traditional methods, a personalized recommendation system of English teaching resources based on the multi-K nearest neighbor regression algorithm is designed. According to the overall architecture of the personalized recommendation system of teaching resources, this study designs the resource browsing function module, teaching resource detailed page recommendation module, and teaching resource database. Based on the basic idea of the multi-K nearest neighbor regression algorithm, in order to avoid the loss of important data in English teaching resource recommendation and reduce the data loss rate, a missing data reconstruction algorithm of English teaching resources is proposed. Finally, the path interest of student users is considered from the selection of browsing path and access time to realize the personalized recommendation of English teaching resources. The experimental results show that the system has high resource recommendation accuracy, short recommendation time, and low data loss rate.
The Evolution of China’s High‐Level Talent Mobility Network: A Comparative Analysis Based on School and Work Stage
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Liu Hui , Zhang Juntao , Cheng Yi
Published: January 2022

The flow of high‐level talents in China is becoming more and more active and has a profound impact on the innovation and development of cities. Based on the research on the spatial distribution of the school and work stages of high‐level talent in China, we study the structure and evolution of China’s high‐level talent mobility network by using the data on the flow trajectory of talent among cities in China. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of talents in the two stages has greater consistency, but there is a change characteristic of “large dispersion, small agglomeration.” (2) Compared with the school stage, the network in the work stage has much more connections; the centrality gap of cities has narrowed. (3) “Core‐periphery” structure of two networks is relatively significant and similar. The core layer in the two networks has not changed, but the subcore layer and the subedge layer have undergone changes. In addition, talents mainly flow to core and subcore cities. (4) The space structure of network is more complex in the work stage, and it is expanding to the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area in southeastern China.
Integral Equations Approach in Complex‐Valued Generalized b‐Metric Spaces
Authors: Mehmood Shahid , Rehman Saif Ur , Ullah Ihsan , Bantan Rashad A. R. , Elgarhy Mohammed
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study a rational type common fixed‐point theorem (CFP theorem) in complex‐valued generalized b‐metric spaces (Gb‐metric spaces) by using three self‐mappings under the generalized contraction conditions. We find CFP and prove its uniqueness. To justify our result, we provide an illustrative example. Furthermore, we present a supportive application of the three Urysohn type integral equations (UTIEs) for the validity of our result. The UTIEs are
[Retracted] Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction Regulating ABTB1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Based on PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 Pathway
Authors: Li Feng , Chen Lili , Zheng Jinzhou , Yang Jianfeng , Song Xiaoyun , Wang Yu , Zhou Xiqiu
Published: January 2022

It was to investigate the role of Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) in the regulation of ABTB1 gene based on PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. In this study, 10 cases of the CRC mouse model were established by inoculating CT26 cells into the spleen of mice, which were divided into the experimental group and the control group, 5 cases in each group; the control group was intragastrically administered with normal saline 0.3 mL/d, and the experimental group was intragastrically administered with GQD 0.2 mL/d at a ratio of 0.2 g medicinal materials/10 g for 10 days and sacrificed, and pathological sections were made. The expression density of signaling pathway PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 as well as gene ABTB1 was detected in the sections of the two groups, and the mechanism of action of this gene in the two groups of mice was studied. It was found that the densities of p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, and p‐FOXO1 in the experimental group of mice were 26.55 g/cm3, 70.2 g/cm3, and 24.36 g/cm3, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with the control group, P < 0.05; the density of ABTB1 was 35.4 g/cm3, which was significantly increased compared with the control group, P < 0.05; the proliferation and migration ability of CRC cells in the experimental group were significantly decreased, P < 0.05. GQD can promote the expression of ABTB1 by activating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway, in order to inhibit the proliferation and growth ability of CRC cells.
Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Fiber Reinforced Titanium-Based Hybrid Laminated Composite
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Li Shuxia , Qu Haitao , Hou Hongliang , Zhao Bing , Wang Zhigang , Zhang Hongtao , Zhang Yunlong
Published: January 2022

Based on traditional titanium-based composites and the design concept of biomimetic laminated structures, the continuous SiC ceramic fiber, ductile metal Ti foil, and intermetallic Ti2AlNb foil were selected as structural components, which were alternately stacked in the sequence of Ti2AlNb-Ti-SiCf-Ti-Ti2AlNb to prepare the continuous SiC ceramic fiber-reinforced titanium-based laminated composite. The methods adopted were vacuum hot-pressing and ceramic fiber braiding. In the prepared state, the composite’s structural components were metallurgically bonded ideally, and the continuous SiC ceramic fiber was equidistantly distributed in the ductile metal Ti matrix. This composite’s phase is mainly composed of α-Ti, β-Ti, SiC, TiC, O, and B2 phases. In addition, along the ceramic SiC fiber lengthwise, the tensile test was performed on this composite at room temperature and a high temperature of 600°C, with the ultimate tensile strength being 948.76 MPa and 526.62 MPa, respectively, and, in this process, the fiber was debonded and pulled out. Meanwhile, the composite’s bending strength was measured to be 1506.21 MPa in a three-point bending test, and, under this bending load, the mode of crack propagation and failure mechanism were analyzed.
Preliminary Study of Gastroprotective Effect of Aloe perryi and Date Palm Extracts on Pyloric Ligation‐Induced Gastric Ulcer in Experimental Rats
Authors: Al-Gabri Naif , Elnagar Gehad M. , Saghir Sultan A. M. , El-Shaibany Amina , Alnomasy Sultan F. , Althafar Ziyad M. , Elkomy Nesreen M. I. M. , Elaasser Mahmoud M. , Abdoh Maisa Siddiq , Yosri Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Objective. The present study was aimed at investigating the possible antiulcer activities of some natural phytochemicals Aloe perryi leaf extract (APLE) and flower extract (APFE) in addition to the date palm seed extract (DPSE) and the oily samples of DPSE in a pylorus ligation‐induced ulcer model using ranitidine as a standard antiulcer drug. Background. Peptic ulcer is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder due to hypersecretion of gastric acid. It affects four million people worldwide, and 2‐10% of these ulcers are perforated and cause bleeding. This increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. So we aimed to introduce a primary study alternatively safe method for treating peptic ulcer. Materials and Methods. Forty‐two Wistar Albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into seven groups (6/each). The pylorus ligation was done to induce ulcer in pretreated albino rats. The antiulcer activities of extracts were estimated at different dose levels (250 and 500 mg/kg) using ranitidine as a standard drug (50 mg/kg). Gastric volume, pH, and total and free acidity as well as ulcer index and percentage of ulcer inhibition were measured to elucidate the antiulcerogenic effects. Histological examination of gastric ulcer was also performed. Statistical analysis for the results was done where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Pylorus ligation for 6 h in control rats resulted in gastric ulcer which was indicated by the accumulation of gastric secretion and increased total acidity and decreased pH. The pretreatment of rats with APLE, APFE, and DPSE in addition to the oily samples of DPSE significantly inhibited the ulcers induced by pylorus ligation. These effects were attributed to significant reductions in total and free acidity, ulcer index, and gastric volume while there is a marked decrease in gastric pH (the antisecretory) as well as mucosal strengthening properties of these phytochemicals. Conclusion. These findings give these extracts the potential to be a promising tool for the management of gastric ulcer after performing further clinical and experimental studies. Our study demonstrated the promising antiulcer activity of extracts and oils in pyloric ligation‐induced gastric ulcer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the antiulcer activity of these extracts; however, further investigations may be recommended for full details about this antiulcerogenic capacity.
Museum Relic Image Detection and Recognition Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Ling
Published: January 2022

To improve the accuracy of museum cultural relic image recognition, the DenseNet and ResNet are selected as the backbone neural networks for detection and recognition. In view of the small target problem in cultural relics, the feature pyramid is introduced in this paper to improve the DenseNet method. The accuracy of target detection is improved through multiscale feature extraction and fusion. At the same time, aiming the problem of weak robustness and feature extraction of cultural relic images, the attention mechanism is proposed to improve ResNet. Therefore, this network can pay attention to the key of feature areas in the image. Finally, the aforementioned methods are verified by experiments. The results show that compared with the YOLOv3 and other algorithms, the accuracy of the improved ResNet proposed in this experiment is above 90%. Furthermore, the number of missed and erroneous detection is the lowest, which are 171 and 134, respectively. The identified mAP indicator accuracy can reach 86%, which also exceeds SVD-Net and DenseNet. It can be seen that the constructed method can effectively detect and recognize the museum cultural relic images.
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2: A New Target in Cancer
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiao , Yu Tong , Wang Zhenxing
Published: January 2022

Background: Discoidin domain receptor is a new and unique type of receptor tyrosine kinases, which binds to collagen, the main compose of an extracellular matrix. DDR1 was identified to mediate cell aggregation, and dysregulation of DDR2 has also been shown to be involved in tumor pathogenesis, although its role in cancer development and progression remains controversial. Summary: Abnormal expression and mutations of DDR2 have been reported in several cancer types and its participation in different aspects of tumor progression, including proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, novel DDR2 inhibitors have been designed and indicate a therapeutic effect for the cancer treatment. Key Messages: In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of DDR2 in cancer promotion and the potential therapeutic value of targeting DDR2.
Renal Phenotype in Mitochondrial Diseases: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Parasyri Maria , Brandström Per , Uusimaa Johanna , Ostergaard Elsebet , Hikmat Omar , Isohanni Pirjo , Naess Karin , de Coo I.F.M. , Nascimento Osorio Andrés , Nuutinen Matti , Lindberg Christopher , Bindoff Laurence A. , Tulinius Már , Darin Niklas , Sofou Kalliopi
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study aimed to investigate associations between renal and extrarenal manifestations of mitochondrial diseases and their natural history as well as predictors of renal disease severity and overall disease outcome. The secondary aim was to generate a protocol of presymptomatic assessment and monitoring of renal function in patients with a defined mitochondrial disease. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed by the Mitochondrial Clinical and Research Network (MCRN). Patients of any age with renal manifestations associated with a genetically verified mitochondrial disease were included from 8 expert European centers specializing in mitochondrial diseases: Gothenburg, Oulu, Copenhagen, Bergen, Helsinki, Stockholm, Rotterdam, and Barcelona. Results: Of the 36 patients included, two-thirds had mitochondrial DNA-associated disease. Renal manifestations were the first sign of mitochondrial disease in 19%, and renal involvement was first identified by laboratory tests in 57% of patients. Acute kidney injury occurred in 19% of patients and was the first sign of renal disease in the majority of these. The most common renal manifestation was chronic kidney disease (75% with stage 2 or greater), followed by tubulopathy (44.4%), the latter seen mostly among patients with single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions. Acute kidney injury and tubulopathy correlated with worse survival outcome. The most common findings on renal imaging were increased echogenicity and renal dysplasia/hypoplasia. Renal histology revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, nephrocalcinosis, and nephronophthisis. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is a distinct renal phenotype in patients with mitochondrial disease. Our results highlight the importance to recognize renal disease as a sign of an underlying mitochondrial disease. Acute kidney injury and tubulopathy are 2 distinct indicators of poor survival in patients with mitochondrial diseases.
Antibiotic Treatments Prolong the Wheezing Period in Acute Exacerbation of Childhood Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Kama Yuichi , Yamada Yoshiyuki , Koike Takashi , Suzuki Kazuo , Enseki Mayumi , Hirai Kota , Mochizuki Hiroyuki , Kato Masahiko
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Although current guidelines recommend against routine antibiotic prescription for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma, children with acute exacerbation of asthma receive antibiotic treatment more frequently. In addition, those antibiotics are often prescribed only for exacerbation of asthma without concurrent bacterial infection. Objective: To clarify the association between antibiotic treatment and bacterial colonization in acute exacerbation of asthma, we investigated whether or not antibiotics affect the clinical condition, laboratory findings, and pharyngeal bacterial colonization in those patients. Methods: Potential bacterial pathogens were investigated in pharyngeal samples of 111 children with acute exacerbation of asthma (mean/median age: 2.8/2.6 years old, respectively). We collected clinical data, such as the duration of wheezing and antibiotic use, and measured the peripheral white blood cell counts, C-reactive protein, and serum levels of total and allergen-specific IgE. Results: Antibiotics were used in 50.5% patients with acute asthma exacerbation and included cephalosporin, penicillin, macrolide, and others. Episodes of wheezing were significantly longer in patients with antibiotic treatment than in those without it (6.7 ± 3.6 days vs. 6.0 ± 3.1, p = 0.044). Similarly, episodes of wheezing were significantly longer in moderate exacerbation patients with antibiotics than in those without them. Furthermore, in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibiotic treatment was associated with an extended duration of wheezing in cases of acute moderate exacerbation (7.0 ± 2.4 days vs. 4.8 ± 4.1, p = 0.043). Conclusions: These results suggest that antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbation of asthma might lead to longer asthmatic symptoms, specifically in patients with pharyngeal S. pneumoniae colonization.
The Assessments of Music Therapy for Dementia Based on the Cochrane Review
Authors: Abe Makiko , Tabei Ken-ichi , Satoh Masayuki
Published: January 2022

Background: Research on music therapy for dementia has taken a variety of measures and has been slow to consolidate evidence. Examining the outcomes that are currently being investigated and the measures that have been used can be useful for future research on music therapy for dementia. Objectives: This study used cited original papers from a review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to determine if there are items that should be measured or scales that should be used in conducting research on music therapy for dementia. The rating scales used and the outcomes examined were extracted. Method: We used Dodd’s criteria to identify (1) the outcome domains examined in music therapy for dementia, (2) the measures used, and (3) the measures capable of detecting significant intervention effects. Result: A search for reviews was conducted, and 7 systematic reviews (78 articles) were identified. Among them, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. The 30 articles examined 18 of the 38 items in Dodd’s outcome categories, while 20 items were not examined, and 78 different survey methods were used. The items most frequently surveyed in the studies were psychiatric outcomes, cognitive functioning, and global quality of life general outcomes. Conclusions: We found that many studies investigated cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and quality of life; compared to BPSD, various types of rating scales were used for cognitive function. By standardizing the rating scales, we can contribute to the accumulation of evidence for music therapy for dementia.
Prognostic and Clinicopathological Correlations of Pretreatment Prognostic Nutritional Index in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xue Senyao , Zhao Hui , Zhang Kaikai , Zhang Huapeng , Wang Wei
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was indicted as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer. However, the conclusion remains uncertain for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study was to confirm the association of PNI with prognosis and clinicopathological features in RCCs. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases were searched to retrieve eligible studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to assess the strength of the association. Results: Fifteen studies were included. The results showed a low pretreatment PNI level was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.45–1.92), progression-free survival (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.23–2.42), cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.26), disease-free survival (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09–1.26), and recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.38–3.31). This prognostic role of PNI was almost not changed by subgroup analysis based on study design, HR source, RCC type, sample size, cutoff, follow-up, treatment, and country. Furthermore, low PNI was correlated with old age, large tumor size and high T stage, Fuhrman grade, lymph node, and distant metastases. Conclusion: Pretreatment PNI might be a promising indicator to beforehand predict the progression and prognosis for RCC patients.
Relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder, Emotional Availability, and Cortisol Output in Mother-Child Dyads
Authors: Roth Maria , Kluczniok Dorothea , Roepke Stefan , Heim Christine , Herpertz Sabine C. , Hindi Attar Catherine , Dittrich Katja , Boedeker Katja , Winter Sibylle M. , Ridder Neele S. , Poppinga Sina K. , Bermpohl Felix
Published: January 2022

Background: Mothers with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often show altered emotional availability toward their own child and heightened stress vulnerability. The aims of the present study were (1) to examine total cortisol output in saliva during mother-child interaction in mothers with BPD and their children and (2) to test whether maternal nonhostility as a subscale of emotional availability mediates the relationship between maternal BPD and child total cortisol output. Methods: We investigated 16 mothers with BPD and 30 healthy control mothers (HC) and 29 children of mothers with BPD and 33 children of HC mothers. Children were between 5 and 12 years old. Salivary cortisol was collected prior to and twice after an episode of a 21-min standardized play situation between mother and child. Nonhostility was rated using the emotional availability scales. Analyses of covariance were computed to test for group differences in total cortisol output (measured with area under the curve with respect to ground). Pearson’s correlation was calculated to test the association between maternal and child total cortisol output. To test the second question, a mediation analysis according to Preacher and Hayes was conducted. Results: Mothers with BPD and their children had lower total cortisol output. Maternal and child total cortisol output was significantly correlated. Contrary to our hypothesis, maternal nonhostility did not mediate the relationship between BPD and child total cortisol output. Conclusion: Results imply that the hormonal stress activity of mothers with BPD and their children is altered, which may reflect modified stress regulation and stress vulnerability in mother and child and may impact on mother-child interaction. The finding of a positive association between mother’s and child total cortisol output could indicate an intergenerational transmission of these alterations.
Influence of Clinically Significant Genes on Antiplatelet Effect of Clopidogrel and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Baturina Olga , Andreev Denis , Fedina Ludmila , Mirzaev Karin , Ivashchenko Dmitriy , Ryzhikova Kristina , Grishina Elena , Bochkov Pavel , Shevchenko Roman , Sychev Dmitriy
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The interindividual variability of the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel is determined by multiple clinical and genetic factors. A lot of genotype-oriented studies have concentrated on the impact of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on platelet aggregation in patients receiving clopidogrel. However, the influence of this polymorphism may be only 12–20%, so other genetic markers should also be investigated. The aim of this work was to study the impact of carriage of CES1, PON1, ABCG2, CYP4F2, CYP3A4, IGTB3, P2Y12, PEAR1, and B4GALT2 polymorphisms on antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: 103 patients who underwent ACS with or without percutaneous coronary intervention and concomitant nonvalvular AF were included in an open multicenter prospective study to assess efficacy and safety of combined antithrombotic therapy. The study assessed the frequency of different primary clinical outcomes (incidence of major bleeding, hospital mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), renal mortality) and secondary outcomes (resistance to therapy – high residual platelet reactivity, excessive platelet suppression). Residual platelet reactivity was examined using the VerifyNow system (Accumetrics, Latham, NY, USA). Results: None of the studied genetic markers had no statistically significant effect on the antiaggregant response to clopidogrel in patients with ACS and AF. However, CYP4F2 C(Val433Met) T, PEAR1 rs41273215 C>T were statistically significantly associated with an increased frequency of bleeding on antithrombotic therapy. B4GALT2 rs1061781 was statistically significantly associated with increased frequency of strokes and TIA. Conclusion: In our study, we determined that carriers of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms C(Val433Met)T, PEAR1 rs41273215 C>T (CT+TT) were associated with lower safety of antithrombotic therapy in patients with ACS and AF. And, the B4GALT2 rs1061781 gene polymorphism was associated with a greater risk of insufficient efficacy of the therapy. The data obtained in our study may improve the understanding of the effect of less studied genetic markers on the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy in patients with ACS and AF.
Reporte de caso: Papel potencial de los corticosteroides en el tratamiento de la neumonía post-COVID-19
Authors: Aissaoui Houari , Eskenazi Anaïs , Suteau Valentin , Adenis Antoine , Drak Alsibai Kinan
Published: January 2022

Tras recuperarse de una neumonía grave debida a la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), algunos pacientes permanecen sintomáticos en el periodo posinfeccioso, ya sea de manera clínica, radiológica o respiratoria. El periodo post-COVID-19 se caracteriza por síntomas clínicos cuya duración varía de un sujeto a otro y no parece depender de la gravedad de la neumonía inicial. Las reacciones inflamatorias o inmunitarias persistentes en el periodo post-COVID-19 pueden desempeñar un papel en el desarrollo de las lesiones pulmonares. Aquí reportamos el caso de un hombre de 61 años con neumonía grave por COVID-19, complicada con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda y embolia pulmonar, que requirió ingresar a la unidad de cuidados intensivos y oxigenoterapia de alto flujo. El paciente permaneció hospitalizado durante 23 días para tratar la neumonía grave por COVID-19. Posteriormente, se le envió a casa tras una prueba negativa de PCR para el SARS-CoV-2. El periodo posterior al COVID-19 se caracterizó por una sintomatología respiratoria compleja, con tos, disnea en reposo y disnea de esfuerzo que requirió oxigenoterapia durante varias semanas. Sorprendentemente, la tomografía computarizada torácica de seguimiento realizada cuatro semanas después del alta reveló lesiones pulmonares intersticiales bilaterales. Tras descartar una so­breinfección pulmonar, el paciente recibió tratamiento con corticosteroides orales durante tres meses en dosis digresiva. En nuestro caso, el uso de corticosteroides en la fase posterior al COVID-19 mejoró la enfermedad pulmonar. Estos beneficios se caracterizan por una rápida mejoría sintomática, la reparación acelerada de las imágenes pulmonares, la rápida retirada de oxígeno y un pronto retorno a las actividades cotidianas.
Synthetic Small Molecules Induce Insulin Secretion and Pancreatic Beta-Cell-Specific Gene Expression
Authors: Rabiei Mohammad , Kalhor Naser , Farhadi Aisan , Ramezanpour Sorour , Tahamtani Yaser , Azarnia Mahnaz
Published: January 2022

Despite various efficient pharmaceuticals which are already used to manage diabetes, new drugs are needed to preserve and restore the function of pancreatic β-cells (pβCs) including cell-specific gene expression and insulin production and secretion. Newly developed small molecules (SMs) with potential anti-diabetic activity need to be preliminarily tested. Mice insulinoma MIN6 cells can be utilized as an in vitro screening model. These cells have pβC characteristics and can secrete insulin in response to glucose level changes. As well, the β-cell-specific gene expression pattern of these cells is similar to that of mouse pancreatic islet cells. It is possible to use this cell line as a research tool to study the function of pβCs. To date, approximately 60 genes have been identified which are effective in the pβC embryonic development and insulin production and secretion during puberty, including pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (Pdx1), neuronal differentiation 1 (Neurod1), neurogenin3 (Ngn3), and insulin-1 precursor (Ins1). In this study, a family of new SMs that are structurally similar to glinides was synthesized through 3 different synthetic methods and categorized into 3 categories (C1–C3). Then, these novel SMs were characterized by testing their effects on cell viability, pβC-specific gene expression, and insulin secretion in MIN6 in 4 different concentrations and at 3 time points (24, 48, and 72 h). According to our results, SMs of C1 (1j, 1k, and 1l) and 2 SMs of C3 (1f, 1i), at 200 μM concentration, were able to increase the expression levels of Pdx1, Neurod1, Ngn3, and Ins1 as well as the insulin secretion after 24 h. However, C2 (1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d) did not show significant bioactivity of MIN6 cells. These investigated molecules can provide a tool for exploring pseudo-islet functionality in MIN6 cells or provide a possible basis for future therapeutic interventions for diabetes.