bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una revisión de los efectos de los cambios ambientales antropogénicos en las interacciones tróficas de 4 ecosistemas marinos entre los 45° y 62° S
Authors: Marina Tomás Ignacio , Saravia Leonardo Ariel
Published: January 2023

Los efectos ocasionados por los cambios ambientales antropogénicos en las comunidades de los ecosistemas marinos han sido y siguen siendo motivo de diversas líneas de investigación. En los últimos años se ha evidenciado la importancia de considerar las interacciones tróficas para comprender mejor los efectos de dichos cambios en los ecosistemas marinos. En este trabajo de revisión nos propusimos resumir el estado de conocimiento sobre las interacciones tróficas y los principales efectos de los cambios ambientales antropogénicas sobre las mismas ciertos para ecosistemas marinos que conforman un gradiente latitudinal Atlántico Sudoccidental - Antártida. Estos ecosistemas son: Golfo San Jorge (45º - 47º S, 65º - 68º O), Área Marina Protegida Namuncurá - Banco Burdwood (54º S, 59º O), Canal Beagle (54º S, 68º O) y Caleta Potter (62º S, 58º O). Además, proponemos perspectivas de investigación para mejorar la comprensión acerca de cómo las perturbaciones ambientales antropogénicas afectan la compleja red de interacciones presa-depredador que ocurre en cada uno de los ecosistemas del gradiente analizado.
Indicio del efecto de adulticidas sobre sensores de Aedes aegypti (Culicidae) en vía pública
Authors: Burroni Nora
Published: January 2023

Aedes aegypti es un mosquito de ambiente urbano de gran importancia sanitaria. Dado esto es relevante estimar su densidad poblacional en zonas urbanas, así como también monitorear su presencia para posteriormente tomar medidas de control especialmente eliminando de criaderos o potenciales criaderos de este mosquito, fundamentalmente en las viviendas. La estimación de la abundancia es comúnmente realizada a partir de los estados inmaduros y los monitoreos, generalmente de frecuencia semanal, con sensores de oviposición. Mientras se realizaban en verano dos estudios simultáneos sobre A. aegypti en una ciudad de Entre Ríos, Argentina, el municipio realizó un control químico sobre mosquitos adultos silvestres (que habían invadido la ciudad) en las calles de la ciudad. Esto permitió analizar las consecuencias de la aplicación de insecticida sobre los dos métodos para detección de este mosquito. Uno estudio se realizó sobre los criaderos de A. aegypti y el otro con dos tipos de sensores (clásicos y adhesivas cebadas), mientras que el primero permitió la estimación de indicadores de su abundancia, dando valores considerables para la ciudad, el otro prácticamente no registró la presencia de A. aegypti Esta discrepancia indicaría que la aplicación de los adulticidas en la vía pública al eliminar los adultos de A. aegypti que pudieran estar en las veredas no permitió detectar su presencia, cuando en realidad las abundancias en la ciudad eran considerable. Los monitoreos con los sensores mencionados que proveen relevante información espacial y temporal de la presencia del vector pueden ser interferidos por controles químicos que tienen otro foco, produciendo resultados erróneos.
Pemidanaan terhadap Pelaku yang Bersama-sama Melakukan Tindak Pidana Narkotika dengan Permufakatan Jahat
Authors: Hidayati Ratna , Liyus Herry , Arfa Nys , Prayudi Aga Anum
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the Prosecution of Perpetrators Who Jointly Commit Narcotics Crimes with Malicious Settlement based on The Analysis of Court Decision No. 156 / Pid.Sus / 2018 / PN. TLC. The results of this study show that criminal charges against the defendants in Court Decision No. 156 / Pid.Sus / 2018 / PN. KLT based on the role carried out by each defendant with the proven actions of the defendants in accordance with Article 18 of Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics with the imposition of criminal penalties under Article 114 Paragraph (2) Jo. Article 132 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics that is that the defendants act as people participate in (medeplegen), and the person who is persuaded to commit a criminal act (uitlokken) and as a basis for the judge's consideration in the giving of the weight or lightness of the sentence of the accused judge must pay attention to several considerations. In criminal proceedings against the accused shall be proportionate to the weight of the guilt made by the accused and the prosecution shall not reflect the arbitrariness of the sentence itself.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pemidanaan Terhadap Pelaku Yang Bersama-sama Melakukan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Dengan Permufakatan Jahat berdasarkan Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 156/Pid.Sus/2018/PN. KLT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penjatuhan pidana terhadap para terdakwa dalam Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 156/Pid.Sus/2018/PN. KLT berdasarkan dengan peran yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing terdakwa dengan terbuktinya tindakan para terdakwa yang sesuai dalam Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika dengan penjatuhan hukuman pidana berdasarkan Pasal 114 Ayat (2) Jo. Pasal 132 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika yaitu bahwa para terdakwa berperan sebagai orang turut serta melakukan (medeplegen), orang yang membantu melakukan (medeplichtige) dan orang yang dibujuk melakukan tindak pidana (uitlokken) serta sebagai dasar pertimbangan Hakim dalam pemberian berat atau ringannya hukuman terdakwa hakim harus memerhatikan beberapa pertimbangan. Dalam penjatuhan pidana terhadap terdakwa harus sebanding dengan bobot kesalahan yang dibuat oleh terdakwa dan pemidanaan tidak boleh mencerminkan kesewenang-wenangan dari hukuman itu sendiri.
Fra »udsat boligområde« til »ghetto«: Udviklingen i nationale og lokale forestillinger om sociale boligområder og urban diversitet i Danmark
Authors: Jensen Tina Gudrun
Published: January 2023

I løbet af de sidste to årtier har diskurser om »ghettoisering« og »parallelsamfund« vundet politisk terræn i Danmark. Diskurserne afspejler, hvordan forskellige politikområder som by og bolig, indvandring og integration i tiltagende grad har krydset hinanden siden integrationslovgivningens tilblivelse. Med udgangspunkt i en analyse af dokumenter fra regeringen og Københavns Kommune fra 1995-2018 udforsker denne artikel, hvordan nationale og lokale problemrepræsentationer af sociale boligområder udvikler sig over tid, og hvordan det stigende fokus på integration af etniske minoriteter er sammenvævet med skiftende positive eller negative visioner for urban diversitet. Artiklen viser, at der sker i en forandring i problemrepræsentationer af sociale boligområder fra noget, der vedrører generelle sociale og strukturelle vilkår, til noget, der forklares og ansvarliggøres ved »ikke-vestlige indvandrer og efterkommere«, som dermed racialiseres for at legitimere rumlige forandringer. På trods af skiftende politiske regeringer forekommer en vis progression i måden, hvorpå ghettodiskursen foldes ud og effektueres. Undervejs sker en tilnærmelse mellem nationale og lokale politikområders problemrepræsentationer, bl.a. i forhold til vurderinger af former for forskellighed som »blanding« af boliger, der involverer salg og innovation, som ses som samfundsgavnlige, og etnisk forskellighed, som ses som en trussel for den sociale sammenhængskraft.
De la justification 30 år efter: En kortlægning af udbredelse og anvendelser
Authors: Frandsen Martin Severin , Sørensen Pelle Korsbæk , Hansen Magnus Paulsen , Thualagant Nicole
Published: January 2023

Det er nu 30 år siden, at Luc Boltanski og Laurent Thévenot (B&T) for alvor præsenterede sig på den bredere sociologiske scene med deres fælles værk De la justification (DJ) (1991), som i dag fremstår som en af sociologiens nyklassikere. Analyserammen i DJ har vist sig særdeles sejlivet og har sat ringe i vandet, så også filosoffer, politologer, økonomer, geografer og historikere har taget den op til debat – og ikke mindst brugt den enten i dens oprindelige form eller i teoriudviklende arbejde. Formålet med artiklen er at kortlægge de mest fremtrædende internationale debatter samt se på anvendelsen i en dansk kontekst. Vi fremhæver de særligt interessante udviklingsveje, som kan lede læseren (studerende så vel som forskere) videre ind i et stadigt spirende forskningsfelt. Vi identificerer fire overordnede tilgange til at arbejde med retfærdiggørelsesmodellen: 1) socialteoretiske debatter og udvidelser af selve retfærdiggørelsesmodellen; 2) etnografisk inspirerede studier af menneskers kritik og retfærdiggørelse; 3) diskursive analyser af offentlige debatter og 4) brug af retfærdiggørelsesmodellen i genealogiske analyser. Afslutningsvis opsummerer vi, hvilke analysetilgange og udviklingsveje vi finder særlig interessante, og argumenterer for, hvorfor vi mener, DJ stadig er aktuel i dag – 30 år efter udgivelsen.
Modeling of Poverty Level in Central Sulawesi Using Nonparametric Kernel Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Sakinah Nur , Nurfitra  , Ihlasia Nurmasyita , Handayani Lilies
Published: January 2023

Poverty is defined as a person's inability to meet their basic needs. The level of poverty that exists can be used to assess the good or bad of a country's economy. The kernel regression method is used in this study to model the poverty rate in Central Sulawesi in 2020. According to the findings of this study, comparing poverty rate predictions for the Gaussian Kernel function and the Epanechnikov Kernel function with optimal bandwidth can be said to use different kernel functions with optimal bandwidth for each - each of these kernel functions will produce the same curve estimate. So, in kernel regression, the selection of the optimal bandwidth value is more important than the selection of the kernel function. Because of the use of various kernels functions with optimal bandwidth values results in almost the same curve estimation.
Unpacking Outlier with Weight Least Square (Implemented on Pepper Plantations Data)
Authors: Prasetya Rizka Pradita
Published: January 2023

Outliers in regression analysis can cause large residuals, the diversity of the data becomes greater, causing the data to be heterogenous. If an outlier is caused by an error in recording observations or an error in preparing equipment, the outlier can be ignored or discarded before data analysis is carried out. However, if outliers exist not because of the researcher's error, but are indeed information that cannot be provided by other data, then the outlier data cannot be ignored and must be included in data analysis. There are several methods to deal with outliers. The Weight Least Square method produces good results and is quite resistive to outliers. The WLS method is used to overcome the regression model with non-constant error variance, because WLS has the ability to neutralize the consequences of violating the normality assumption caused by the presence of outliers and can eliminate the nature of unusualness and consistency of the OLS estimate. To compare the level of estimator accuracy between regression models, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is used. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the WLS method produced a smaller Mean Absolute Percentage Error value so that the use of this method was more appropriate because it was not susceptible to the effect of outliers.
Classifiying The Factors Influencing The Human Development Index in Riau Province using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Erda Gustriza , Mega Aulia Sartika , Erda Zulya
Published: January 2023

The Human Development Index is a critical indicator of economic growth. Several factors, including average length of schooling (X1), expected length of schooling (X2), life expectancy at birth (X3), number of health workers (X4), number of health facilities (X5), spending per capita (X6), open unemployment rate (X7), number of poor people (X8), percentage of households with proper drinking water sources (X9), and GRDP growth rate (X10), can influence the Human Development Index. The purpose of this research was to simplify the factors that influence the human development index in Riau Province in 2021. Data analysis used R-Studio software by applying descriptive statistical analysis, Principal Component analysis, and Biplot analysis. The analysis revealed that the ten variables that influence human development index in Riau in 2021 can be divided into three categories: community service quality, health facilities, access, and economic conditions. These three factors can describe up to 80% of the diversity of the data.
A case-report of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as multi-loculated mediastinal, pleural and paravertebral fluid collections with chest pain.
Authors: Maleche Maureen , Sirera Betty , Masika Kennedy , Keitany Kibet , Oduor Chrispine , Diero Lameck
Published: January 2023

We present a case report of an immunocompetent African young man who
presented with persistent chest pain and fever, and was diagnosed with
EPTB following chest CT scan, pleural biopsy histopathology examination
and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, and pleural fluid gene Expert studies.
Rare Tapeworm segments in 12 years old age girl Case report
Authors: Gaffer Ahmed
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Intestinal cestode(tapeworm ) is characterized by
multisegmented, scolex, and absence of digestive tracts as appears in
our segments, we reported nine segments of tape worm
with,scolex,neck,13-17 uterus branch, and scorpion like tail.
The future of Neonatal Lung Ultrasound: validation of an Artificial Intelligence model for interpreting lung scans. A multicentre prospective diagnostic study.
Authors: Sbordone Annamaria , Perri Alessandro , Patti Maria Letizia , Nobile Stefano , Tirone Chiara , Giordano Lucia , Tana Milena , D'Andrea Vito , Priolo Francesca , Serrao Francesca , Riccardi Riccardo , Prontera Giorgia , Lenkowicz Jacopo , Boldrini Luca , Vento Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising field in
the neonatal field.  We focused on lung ultrasound (LUS), a
useful tool for the neonatologist. Our aim was to train a neural network
to create a model able to interpret LUS. Methods Our
multicentric, prospective study included newborns with gestational age
(GA) ≥ 33+0 weeks with early tachypnea/dyspnea/oxygen requirements. For
each baby, three LUS were performed: within 3 hours of life (T0), at
4–6 hours of life (T1) and in the absence of respiratory support (T2).
Each scan was processed to extract ROI used to train a neural network to
classify it according to the LUS score. We assessed sensitivity,
specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the AI model’s
scores in predicting the need for respiratory assistance with nasal
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) and for surfactant, compared
to the “classical” scores. Results We enrolled 62 newborns
(GA=36±2 weeks). In the prediction of the need for CPAP, we found a
cut-off of 6 (at T0) and 5 (at T1) for both the classical nLUS and AI
score. In the prediction of surfactant therapy we found a cut-off of 9
for both scores at T0, at T1 the nLUS cut-off was 6, while the AI’s one
was 5. Classification accuracy was good both at the image and classes
level. Conclusions This is, to our knowledge, the first attempt
to use an AI model to interpret early neonatal LUS and can be extremely
useful for neonatologist in the clinical setting.
Lifetime Adversity Prospectively Predicts Depression, Anxiety, and Cognitive Impairment in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Ahn SangNam , Kim Seonghoon , Zhang Hongmei , Dobalian Aram , Slavich George
Published: January 2023

Objective: Although life stress and adversity have emerged as
risk factors for mental health problems and cognitive impairment among
older adults, prior studies on this topic have been cross-sectional and
based on relatively homogeneous samples. To address these issues, we
examined prospective associations between lifetime adversity and
symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in a
nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older adults in the
U.S. Method: We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement
Study (1992-2016). The sample included 3,496 individuals (59.9%
female), aged ≥64 years old (M =76.0 ±7.6 years). We
used the individual-level panel data and ordinary least squares
regressions to estimate associations between childhood and adulthood
adversities and later-life depression, anxiety, and cognitive
impairment. Results: Many participants experienced a
significant early life (38%) or adulthood (79%) stressor. Second,
experiencing a childhood adversity was associated with a 17.4%
increased risk of experiencing an adulthood adversity. Finally,
childhood and adulthood adversities both prospectively predicted more
symptoms of late-life depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment.
Discussion: These findings are among the first to demonstrate
prospective associations between lifetime adversity and symptoms of
depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in older adults. Screening
for lifetime stressors may thus help health care professionals and
policymakers identify individuals who could benefit from interventions
designed to reduce stress and enhance resilience.
Stock dynamics assessment of major baitfish species in the lower reaches of the Songhua River
Authors: LU Wanqiao , LI Peilun , MA Bo , HUO Tangbin , YIN Zengqiang , TANG Fujiang , WANG Jilong
Published: January 2023

The stability of the ecosystem directly affects water quality and
safety, fishery production, and people’s quality of life along the
route. Therefore, a large amount of biological information on five
dominant species of baitfish, including Hemiculter leucisculus,
Acheilognathus macropterus, Rhodeus sericeus, Pseudorasbora parva, and
Squalidus argentatus, was collected in the lower reaches of the Songhua
River. The population parameters and variation rules of these fish were
evaluated. The results showed that current exploitation of fish
resources in the lower reaches of the Songhua River is excessive. The
growth rate of baitfish is accelerating, but their growth potential is
decreasing; the fish community structure is homogeneous, and the
excessively small size of fish at a low age is obvious. In addition, the
growth length coefficients of the five baitfish species were all greater
than 0.2, which indicates fast growth; the growth performance indices
were from 3.49 to 4.37. The exploitation rate of the Hemiculter
leucisculus and Squalidus argentatus minnows was greater than 0.5, and
the exploitation rates of all species except Pseudorasbora parva were
higher than Emax. To ensure the size of the main baitfish populations in
the lower reaches of the Songhua River, the mesh size of all nets should
be controlled above 45 mm. In summary, these results provide a
scientific basis for understanding the trend and growth of baitfish
resources, identifying the distribution of major commercial or
endangered fish feeding grounds in the region, and balancing ecosystem
health integrity in the lower reaches of the Songhua River.
Positive spatial autocorrelation in three habitat quality indicators sets the stage for evolution of adaptive dispersal plasticity in a coral reef fish
Authors: Francis Robin , Tostevin Genevieve , Branconi Rebecca , Barbasch Tina , Srinivasan Maya , Jones Geoffrey P. , Buston Peter
Published: January 2023

Dispersal, the movement of individuals away from their natal location to
another location, is a basic driver of ecological and evolutionary
processes. Direct measures of marine fish larval dispersal have shown
that individual dispersal distances can vary over several orders of
magnitude within a species. We currently do not know the causes of this
variation. One plausible explanation for the cause of intraspecific
variation in individual dispersal distances is dispersal plasticity.
Dispersal plasticity, especially as an adaptive parental effect where
parents can alter the dispersal phenotype of their offspring in response
to an environmental cue, is widespread in terrestrial systems, but has
yet to be described in marine fishes. In this study, we address a key,
although often untested, condition for the evolution of dispersal
plasticity as an adaptive parental effect: whether parents have
information that would enable them to reliably predict the environmental
conditions that their offspring will encounter. Using a wild population
of orange anemonefish, Amphiprion percula, we investigate habitat
quality predictability by testing for spatial autocorrelation in three
habitat quality indicators: anemone size, female size, and egg clutch
size. We found strong, positive spatial autocorrelation for all three
habitat quality indicators from 50 to about 500 meters. This suggests
that selection might favor parents that increase allocation to offspring
that stay within 500 m if they are in good habitat and increase
allocation to offspring that travel farther than this if they are in
poor habitat. Results from this study lay solid foundations for further
investigation of dispersal plasticity in A. percula and other
marine fishes, providing testable hypotheses for probable causes of
individual dispersal distance variation. Incorporating dispersal
plasticity in our investigations of marine fish larval dispersal
potentially could contribute to a greater understanding of marine fish
metapopulation dynamics, and therefore fisheries recovery and reserve
management.
N-terminal chemical derivatization of peptides with 4-formyl-benzenesulfonic acid under charge reduction conditions and electrospray positive and negative tandem mass spectrometry de novo sequencing
Authors: Ozdanovac Luka , Dončević Lucija , Hozić Amela , Biba Renata , Svetličić Ema , Janeš Andrea , Cindrić Mario
Published: January 2023

RATIONALE: Selective derivatization of peptide
N-terminus with 4-formyl-benzenesulfonic acid (FBSA) enables
chemically activated fragmentation in ESI+/- (positive and negative ion
mode) under charge reduction conditions. Overlapped positive and
negative tandem mass spectra pinpoint b-ions making the assignment of
b-ion series fragments easy and accurate. METHODS: We developed
a FBSA-peptide microwave assisted derivatization procedure. Derivatized
and non-derivatized bovine serum albumin tryptic peptides and insulin
non-tryptic peptide were compared after MS/MS analysis in positive and
negative ion mode. High-quality dataset of sulfonated b-ions obtained in
negative tandem mass spectra of singly charged FBSA-peptides were
matched to detected b-ions in positive MS/MS spectra. Moreover, negative
spectra signals were converted and matched against y-ions in positive
tandem mass spectra to identify complete peptide sequences.
RESULTS: The FBSA derivatization procedure produced a
significantly improved MS/MS dataset (populated by high-intensity
signals of b- and y-ions) in comparison to commonly used
N-terminal sulfonation reagents. Undesired side reactions do not
occur and the procedure reduces the derivatization time. It was found
that b-ions comprise 15% and 13% of all fragment ions generated in
positive and negative ion mode, respectively. High visibility of b-ion
series in negative ion mode can be attributed to the N-terminal
sulfonation which had no effect on the production of b-ion series in
positive ion mode. CONCLUSIONS: The FBSA derivatization and
de novo sequencing approach outlined here provides a reliable
method for accurate peptide sequence assignment. Increased production of
the b-ions in positive and negative ion mode greatly improves peak
assignment and thus enables accurate sequence reconstruction.
Implementation of the named methodology would improve the quality of
de novo sequencing data and reduce the number of misinterpreted
spectra.
Modulations of facial emotionality on facial processing and attentional biases in individuals with low or high social anxiety: an event-related potential study
Authors: Feng Ya-Chun , Kuo Bo-Cheng , Hsu Wen-Yau
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have demonstrated the influences of facial emotionality
on attentional and perceptual processing when socially anxious
individuals perceive threatening information from facial expressions.
However, it remains unclear whether and how positive expressions may
also affect the attention and perception of socially anxious
individuals. This event-related potential (ERP) study addresses this
issue and examines the temporal dynamics of electrophysiological
responses to negative and positive faces in individuals with high (HSA;
n = 56) or low (LSA; n = 47) social anxiety in a dot-probe task. Four
face pairs (neutral-neutral, angry-neutral, happy-neutral, and
angry-happy) were presented to probe the influences of positive and
negative emotionality. The behavioural results showed a greater negative
bias in reaction times for the LSA group than the HSA group when
angry-happy face pairs were presented. Our ERP results showed an
enhanced N170 effect for the LSA group in comparison to the HSA group
when emotional faces were presented in angry-neutral, happy-neutral, and
angry-happy face pairs. Moreover, greater N2pc effects on emotional
faces were found in the HSA group when angry-neutral and happy-neutral
face pairs were presented. However, this was not true for the LSA group.
No N2pc effect was found when both positive and negative faces were
presented simultaneously. We did not find any significant P1 effect.
Together, our results showed that facial emotionality influenced facial
processing and attention bias in relation to social anxiety. Socially
anxious individuals perceived less emotional facial information and had
attention biases towards both negative and positive faces.
Modulation of the heartbeat evoked cortical potential by hypnotizability and hypnosis.
Authors: Callara Alejandro , Fontanelli Lorenzo , Belcari Iacopo , Rho Gianluca , Greco Alberto , Zelič Žan , SEBASTIANI LAURA , Santarcangelo Enrica
Published: January 2023

Hypnotizability is a psychophysiological trait measured by scales and
associated with several differences including interoceptive accuracy and
the morpho-functional characteristics of interoception-related brain
regions. The aim of the study was to assess whether the amplitude of the
heartbeat evoked cortical potential (HEP), a correlate of interoceptive
accuracy, differs in participants with low (lows) and high (highs)
hypnotizability scores (assessed by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility
Scale, form A) before and after the induction of hypnosis. ECG and EEG
were monitored in 16 highs and 15 lows during an experimental session
including open eyes baseline (B), closed eyes relaxation (R), hypnotic
induction (IND), neutral hypnosis (NH), post session baseline (Post). No
significant difference was observed between groups and conditions in
autonomic variables. The HEP amplitude was lower in highs than in lows
at the right parietal site, likely due to hypnotizability-related
differences in the functional connection between the right insula and
parietal cortex. It increased in highs and decreased in lows across the
session, possibly due to the highs’ preeminently internally directed
attention and to the lows’ possible disengagement from the task. Since
interoception is involved in several cognitive-emotional functions, its
hypnotizability-related differences may contribute to the variability of
experience and behavior in daily life.
Lipid molecular species composition of two freshwater microalgae Nitzschia palea and Scenedesmus costatus by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Mazzella Nicolas
Published: January 2023

This work reports the polar lipid profiles of two freshwater algae: the
diatom Nitzschia palea, widespread alga that typically inhabits
freshwater ponds and rivers, and the Scenedesmus costatus, a common
green alga. HILIC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to determine and quantify
the major phospholipids and glycolipids, and their relative molecular
species, extracted from the two microalgal cultures. Glycolipids were
eluted first, followed by phospholipids partially co-eluting with the
sulfoglycolipids. We also studied the fragmentation pattern in the
negative ionization mode for galactolipids. The most intense daughter
ion corresponded to the fatty acyl chain located at the sn-2 position,
which allowed us to determine the stereospecific distribution of the
following fatty acids on the glycerol backbone. For green algae, 18:3
fatty acid was frequently occurring in both phospholipids and
galactolipids. We also found 16:4 in some molecular species of mono- and
digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG). The most abundant and
characteristic molecular species of MGDG in green algae exhibited the
combination (18:3/16:4), whereas DGDG was more saturated than MGDG and
contained mainly 18:1, 18:2, or 18:3 at sn-1 and shorter fragments 16:0,
16:1, 16:2, and 16:3 at sn-2. It is also remarkable that in the diatom,
the phospholipids contained mainly molecular species with saturated or
monounsaturated fatty acids such as 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1. In contrast,
MGDG and DGDG contained a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty
acids, such as the unique and abundant MGDG (20:5/20:2).
Exothermic and endothermic reaction characteristics and operation methods of integrated combustion-reforming reactors
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: January 2023

Catalytic reactors for carrying out endothermic or exothermic reactions
are of great importance in the particular examples being reactors for
the endothermic steam reforming of methanol and reactors for the
exothermic catalytic combustion reaction. The present study aims to
provide a fundamental understanding of the exothermic and endothermic
reaction characteristics and operation methods of integrated
combustion-reforming reactors. Particular emphasis is placed upon the
simultaneous implementation of the endothermic steam reforming and the
heat-supplying exothermic catalytic combustion such that the thermal
stability of the reaction system is increased. The effect of catalyst
layer thickness on the reaction characteristics is investigated in order
to understand how to design and operate such reactors with high
efficiency. The results indicate that unique jet design features can be
implemented in order to suppress homogeneous combustion and promote
heterogeneous catalytic combustion on the channel wall. Diffusion within
these small pores in the catalyst layers is typically Knudsen in nature
for gas phase systems, whereby the molecules collide with the walls of
the pores more frequently than with other gas phase molecules. The
composition in the combustion chamber is reacted to produce sufficient
heat to sustain the micro-combustion process without energy input. The
combustion and reforming processes can be stably and efficiently
operated at lower temperatures, without the need for energy input to
sustain or even to start the combustion process. Since a palladium
component is alloyed with the zinc, generation of carbon monoxide due to
the methanol decomposition reaction is suppressed. Direct heating is of
considerable advantage as it largely overcomes the problems encountered
with reaction rates being limited by the rate of heat transfer through
the tube wall especially near the reformer entrance. The conventional
methods are suitable for large scale hydrogen gas production, but they
are not adequate for middle to small scale hydrogen gas production. As
the channel dimension nears the quench diameter or drops below, the
contribution of the unwanted gas phase homogeneous combustion reaction
is reduced.

Keywords: Catalytic reactors; Reaction characteristics; Heat
exchange; Carbon monoxide; Partial oxidation; Thermal stability
Design considerations for vapor phase heterogeneous reaction processes in methanol steam reformers
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: January 2023

There are significant problems with current methanol steam reformer
approaches as applied to vapor phase heterogeneous catalysis. There
remains a need for further development in methanol steam reformer
processes and systems. The present study aims to provide an improved
reactor system and process for the carrying out of vapor phase
heterogeneous reactions. The effect of temperature on the methanol mole
fraction and effective factor is investigated for a microchannel
methanol steam reformer with different shapes of the cross section of
the process microchannel. Particular emphasis is placed upon the heat
and mass characteristics involved in vapor phase heterogeneous reaction
processes in methanol steam reformers. The results indicate that the
steam reforming catalyst is adapted to produce a reformate stream from
the feed stream, which is delivered to the reforming region at an
elevated temperature and pressure. The fuel stream tends to vary in
composition and type depending upon the mechanisms used to produce heat.
Methanol is a particularly well-suited carbon-containing feedstock for
steam reforming reactions. Methanol steam reforming typically takes
place at a lower temperature than when other carbon-containing
feedstocks are reformed. A methanol steam reforming catalyst is
additionally or alternatively not pyrophoric. A benefit of a low
temperature shift catalyst is that the reforming catalyst beds do not
need to be shielded or otherwise isolated from contact with air to
prevent spontaneous oxidation of the catalyst. Improving heat flux from
tubular reactor outer environment to inner environment is a critical
step to increase reactor efficiency. Smaller diameter catalytic reactors
can offer several advantages of improving heat transfer from external
heat source to reaction mixture in the tube, enhancing tube life-time by
reducing thermal gradients, reducing metal material use, and being
applicable for compact steam reformer systems.

Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysis; Vapor phases; Reaction
processes; Diffusion coefficients; Heat fluxes; Support structures
Haplotyping interspecific hybrids by dual alignment to both parental genomes
Authors: Brown Patrick
Published: January 2023

Sequencing-based genotyping of heterozygous diploids requires sufficient
depth to accurately call heterozygous genotypes. In interspecific
hybrids, alignment of reads to both parental genomes simultaneously can
generate haploid data, potentially eliminating the problem of
heterozygosity. Two populations of interspecific hybrid rootstocks of
walnut (Juglans) and pistachio (Pistacia) were genotyped using alignment
to the maternal genome, paternal genome, and dual alignment to both
genomes simultaneously. Downsampling was used to examine concordance of
imputed genotype calls as a function of sequencing depth. Dual alignment
resulted in datasets essentially free of heterozygous genotypes,
simplifying the identification and removal of cross-contaminated
samples. Concordance between full and downsampled genotype calls was
always highest after dual alignment. Nearly all SNPs in dual alignment
datasets were shared with the corresponding single-parent datasets, but
60-90% of single-parent SNPs were private to that dataset. Private SNPs
in single-parent datasets had higher rates of heterozygosity, lower
levels of concordance, and were enriched in fixed differences between
parental genomes (“homeo-SNPs”) compared to shared SNPs in the same
dataset. In multi-parental walnut hybrids, the paternal-aligned dataset
was ineffective at resolving population structure in the maternal
parent. Overall, the dual alignment strategy effectively produced
phased, haploid data, increasing data quality and reducing cost.
Conceptual model for measuring and predicting residential satisfaction in housing-led urban regeneration in post-socialist cities
Authors: Nzimande Ntombifuthi
Published: January 2023

Residential satisfaction is a multi-dimensional concept that is the degree to
which residents feel their place of residence helps them achieve their
desired goal. The research aims to develop a holistic model that can predict
and measure residential satisfaction in regenerated housing in
post-socialist cities. The holistic model for residential satisfaction
postulates objective and subjective measurements after a brief review of
theories and research gaps within the literature. This paper reports on the
conceptualization of the model, with findings to validate this model being
reported later. It is anticipated that the results of this model will assist
key stakeholders to consider variables that are important in ensuring
residential satisfaction within post-socialist cities.
A systematic analysis of conservation the world archaeological site al Qal’a Bani Hammed in Algeria
Authors: Saouchi Salima , Khalfallah Boudjamea
Published: January 2023

The protection of urban heritage is not an abstract intellectual theory, as
it resembles any planning process subject to a set of factors. Those factors
are determined in a progressive and continuous way by the actors of this
field. If the political decision was considered the main motor of its
dimensions and objectives, the technical factor is not less important, it is
embodied these dimensions and objectives. In this context this study came to
approximate between the Points of View the first and the second the area of
conservation the World archaeological site Al Qal?a Bani Hammed in Algeria
(PPMVSA). Although their theoretical reference is the same, but technical
evaluation has different in determining the protection perimeter, using the
geographic information system (GIS) and multiple-criteria decision analysis
(MCDA) to systematically and precisely analyse the factors controlling the
determination of the archaeological protection area, we are reducing the
percentage of biased points of view and we propose an alternative to
protection plan based on precise scientific principles and standards.
Stellar and dust properties in a sample of blue early type galaxies
Authors: Deshmukh S.P. , Vagshette N.D. , Patil M.K.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a comparative study of physical properties of a sample of
89 blue early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the local universe by fitting SEDs to
their multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic data. The detailed
template-based SED fitting analysis using the MAGPHY S and SED3FIT codes on
the interstellar dust extinction corrected UV-to-far-IR spectro-photometric
data enabled us to trace the evolutionary sequence of the blue ETGs on the
color-magnitude diagram. This study evidenced a decreasing trend of the SFR,
sSFR, dust mass, and dust mass fraction over the sequence from the SF - to -
the Seyferts - to - the LINERs. The UV-optical colors also enabled us to
estimate the look-back time of the last starburst phase in SF, Seyfert, and
LINER galaxies, probably pointing towards the evolutionary sequence of the
blue ETGs. Despite the blue colors and strong emission lines in the optical
regime of the electromagnetic spectrum, the blue ETGs in the present sample
occupy a position off the main sequence, commonly known as the green valley,
on the CMD plot and hence indicate the transitional state of their
non-secular evolution. A marginal positive correlation was noticed between
SFR per unit dust mass and the temperature of the cool ISM. The declining
trend of the cold dust temperature Tc over the sequence from the
SF-to-Seyfert-to-LINER implies that the AGNs in the systems are not enough
powerful to affect the cold component of the ISM.
The influence of initial orbital period on helium and carbon-oxygen core masses in massive case a binary systems with low accretion efficiency
Authors: Petrovic Jelena
Published: January 2023

The evolutionary models of 33 massive Case A binary systems in mass range
from 30M? to 40M? with initial orbital periods of 3, 4 and 5 days, accretion
efficiency of 10% and at the solar metallicity are presented. The models are
obtained with the MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics)
numerical code. The evolution is followed from a double O-type star, through
Case A and Case mass transfer, to the formation of a carbon-oxygen (CO)
core in the primary. The evolution of the secondary star in each binary
system is further modeled with the same numerical code in an approximation
of a single star, also to the formation of a carbon-oxygen core. The
resulting helium core masses are in the range of 7.94M? - 13.19M? and
12.30M? and 19.12M? for primary and secondary stars, respectively. The
carbon-oxygen core masses are between 5.26M? and 10M? for primaries and
between 8.96M? and 15.32M? for secondaries. A clear influence of the initial
orbital period on the resulting helium and CO core masses is demonstrated:
primary stars in binary systems with initial orbital periods of 3, 4 and 5
days have on average about 15%, 8% and 2.5% smaller CO cores than single
stars with the same initial masses. On the other hand, it was found that the
correlation between the CO and helium core mass does not depend on the
initial orbital period and can be approximated with the same linear fit for
all binary systems. The CO/helium core mass ratio is found to be larger in
binary systems than for single stars. It is also shown that the black hole
formation limit for primary stars depends on the initial orbit and is
between 33M? - 34M?, 32M? - 33M? and 30M? - 31M?, for the initial orbital
periods of 3, 4 and 5 days, respectively. The resulting double compact
objects are of two types: mixed neutron star - black hole systems (6 models)
and double black holes (27 models). The resulting black hole masses are
estimated to be in the range of 5M? to 17M?.
Optimization of albuminuria lowering treatment in diabetes by cross-over rotation to four different drug classes – a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Curovic Viktor Rotbain , Jongs Niels , Kroonen Marjolein Y.A.M. , Zobel Emilie H. , Hansen Tine Willum , Sen Taha , Laverman Gozewijn D. , Kooy Adriaan , Persson Frederik , Rossing Peter , Heerspink Hiddo J.L.
Published: January 2023

  

Introduction: Renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) inhibitors decrease urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) but are ineffective in up to 40% of patients. We hypothesized that rotation through different drug class overcomes RAS inhibitor resistance and tested this in a randomized cross-over trial.

Research_Design_and_Methods: We assigned 26 adults with type 1 diabetes and 37 with type 2 diabetes and UACR ≥30 and ≤500mg/g to 4-week treatment periods with telmisartan 80mg, empagliflozin 10mg, linagliptin 5mg, and baricitinib 2mg in random order, separated by 4-week wash-out periods. Participants were then re-exposed for 4-weeks to the drug that induced this individual’s largest UACR reduction. Primary outcome was the difference in UACR response to the best performing drug during the confirmation period versus UACR response to the other three drugs.

Results: There was substantial variation in the best performing drug: telmisartan was best performing in 33 (52%) participants, empagliflozin and linagliptin in 11 (17%), and baricitinib in 8 (13%) participants. The individuals’ best performing drug changed UACR from baseline during the first and confirmatory exposure by -39.6% (95%CI -44.8, -33.8, p<0.001) and 

-22.4% (95%CI -29.7, -12.5, p<0.001) respectively; Pearson correlation first vs. confirmatory exposure 0.39 (p=0.017). The mean change in UACR with the other three drugs was +1.6% (95%CI -4.3%, 8.0%, p=0.593 vs baseline; difference versus individuals’ best performing drug at confirmation 30.9% [95%CI 18.0, 45.3,_p<0.001]). 

Conclusion: We demonstrated a large and reproducible variation in participants’ response to different UACR lowering drug classes. These data support systematic rotation through different drug classes to overcome therapy resistance to RAS inhibition.
Understanding the mental well-being of older adults in care homes
Authors:   , Reid Caitlin
Published: January 2023

Older adults’ mental well-being is often overlooked, even though many stressors and triggers of mental health issues are experienced in later life. These may include the loss of family and friends through bereavement and the loss of ability and independence (Forbes-Thompson & Gessert, 2006). One of the main findings from the Older People’s Commissioner for Wales’ report ‘A Place to Call Home?’ (2014) was that there was a risk that older adults in care homes become institutionalised. Being in this kind of environment would have a significant impact on an individual’s mental well-being. To date there has been limited research into the experiences of older adults in care homes and what contributes to their mental well-being (Denning & Milne, 2011). The purpose of this PhD research was to better understand the mental well-being of older adults in care homes and look at ways to maintain and promote it. A mixed methods research design was developed to address these questions. The first quantitative stage used the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC) to measure the mental well-being of 141 older adults from 23 care homes in South Wales. One of the findings from the first stage were that younger residents were more likely to have lower levels of mental well-being. The findings were then used to inform and develop the interview questions for the second qualitative stage of the research. The second stage comprised of twenty interviews with residents from six care homes. The interviews aimed to explore what was important to residents’ mental well-being. Reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) was used to analyse the interviews and generate themes important to residents’ mental well-being. Analysis indicated that residents experienced many losses in later life and since moving to a care home which impacted their mental well-being. The themes generated from the Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) of residents’ experiences of what contributed to their mental well-being were ‘challenges to liberty’, ‘changes in identity’, and ‘importance of relatedness’. By considering these three themes, it is possible to better understand and offer recommendation on how to help maintain and promote the mental well-being of older adults in care homes.
A BP neural network-based micro particle parameters calibration and an energy criterion for the application of strength reduction method in MatDEM to evaluate 3D slope stability
Authors: Jiang W. , Tan Y. , Yan J. , Ouyang Y. , Fu Z. , Feng Q.
Published: January 2023

To enhance the applicability of discrete element method in 3D slope stability analysis, a BP neural network-based micro parameter calibration method and an energy criterion are proposed by taking MatDEM as an example. Firstly, the relationship between the micro particle parameters and the shear strengths of particle aggregate are represented by using the BP neural network. And then the micro particle parameters are obtained for the given shear strengths by using a correction calibration. Next, the energy conversions are investigated for the stable and instable slope models in MatDEM. From a view of practical application, the abrupt in variation tendency and magnitude of the kinetic energy is selected for indicating the emergence of the limit equilibrium state of a slope. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed improvements is testified by taking Baijiabao landslide as an example. Results verify that the calibration method established in this study is applicable to provide the micro particle parameters when the shear strength is constantly reduced, and the factor of safety determined by the kinetic energy criterion reflects the landslide stability at the global level.