bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly responsive diabetes and asthma sensors with WO3 nanoneedle films for the detection of biogases with low concentrations
Authors: Masuda Yoshitake , Uozumi Ayako
Published: December 2023

A diabetes sensor was developed to detect low concentrations of acetone gas, which is a diabetes biomarker. A WO3 nanoneedle film was synthesized via an aqueous process for use as a sensitive sensing membrane. Acetone was adsorbed and oxidized on the WO3 nanoneedle film, which changed the sensor resistance. The sensor exhibited a high response of Ra/Rg = 19.72, where Ra is the sensor resistance in air, and Rg is the sensor resistance in air containing 10 ppmv acetone gas. The sensor also exhibited a high response (25.36) to 1 ppmv NO2, which is related to asthma. Furthermore, the sensor responded to various biogases associated with diseases. The sensor responses to 10 ppmv of the lung cancer marker gases acetaldehyde and toluene were 13.54 and 9.49, respectively. The sensor responses to 10 ppmv isoprene, ethanol, para-xylene, hydrogen, and NH3 were 7.93, 6.33, 4.51, 2.08, and 0.90, respectively. Trace amounts of acetone and NO2 gases (25 and 250 ppbv, respectively) were detected. The limits of detection for acetone and NO2 gases were estimated to be 2.4 and 1.5 ppbv, respectively. The sensor exhibited superior ability to detect low concentrations of biomarker gases. The unique characteristics of the WO3 nanoneedle film contributed to its high response rates.
Octopus-inspired deception and signaling systems from an exceptionally-stable acene variant
Authors: Pratakshya Preeta , Xu Chengyi , Dibble David J. , Mukazhanova Aliya , Liu Panyiming , Burke Anthony M. , Kurakake Reina , Lopez Robert , Dennison Philip R. , Sharifzadeh Sahar , Gorodetsky Alon A.
Published: December 2023

Multifunctional platforms that can dynamically modulate their color and appearance have attracted attention for applications as varied as displays, signaling, camouflage, anti-counterfeiting, sensing, biomedical imaging, energy conservation, and robotics. Within this context, the development of camouflage systems with tunable spectroscopic and fluorescent properties that span the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral regions has remained exceedingly challenging because of frequently competing materials and device design requirements. Herein, we draw inspiration from the unique blue rings of the Hapalochlaena lunulata octopus for the development of deception and signaling systems that resolve these critical challenges. As the active material, our actuator-type systems incorporate a readily-prepared and easily-processable nonacene-like molecule with an ambient-atmosphere stability that exceeds the state-of-the-art for comparable acenes by orders of magnitude. Devices from this active material feature a powerful and unique combination of advantages, including straightforward benchtop fabrication, competitive baseline performance metrics, robustness during cycling with the capacity for autonomous self-repair, and multiple dynamic multispectral operating modes. When considered together, the described exciting discoveries point to new scientific and technological opportunities in the areas of functional organic materials, reconfigurable soft actuators, and adaptive photonic systems.
Characterizations of a neutralizing antibody broadly reactive to multiple gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complexes in the context of celiac disease
Authors: Okura Yuu , Ikawa-Teranishi Yuri , Mizoroki Akihiko , Takahashi Noriyuki , Tsushima Takashi , Irie Machiko , Harfuddin Zulkarnain , Miura-Okuda Momoko , Ito Shunsuke , Nakamura Genki , Takesue Hiroaki , Ozono Yui , Nishihara Masamichi , Yamada Kenta , Gan Siok Wan , Hayasaka Akira , Ishii Shinya , Wakabayashi Tetsuya , Muraoka Masaru , Nagaya Nishiki , Hino Hiroshi , Nemoto Takayuki , Kuramochi Taichi , Torizawa Takuya , Shimada Hideaki , Kitazawa Takehisa , Okazaki Makoto , Nezu Junichi , Sollid Ludvig M. , Igawa Tomoyuki
Published: December 2023

In human celiac disease (CeD) HLA-DQ2.5 presents gluten peptides to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, thereby instigating immune activation and enteropathy. Targeting HLA-DQ2.5 with neutralizing antibody for treating CeD may be plausible, yet using pan-HLA-DQ antibody risks affecting systemic immunity, while targeting selected gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complex (pHLA-DQ2.5) may be insufficient. Here we generate a TCR-like, neutralizing antibody (DONQ52) that broadly recognizes more than twenty-five distinct gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 through rabbit immunization with multi-epitope gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 and multidimensional optimization. Structural analyses show that the proline-rich and glutamine-rich motif of gluten epitopes critical for pathogenesis is flexibly recognized by multiple tyrosine residues present in the antibody paratope, implicating the mechanisms for the broad reactivity. In HLA-DQ2.5 transgenic mice, DONQ52 demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetics with high subcutaneous bioavailability, and blocks immunity to gluten while not affecting systemic immunity. Our results thus provide a rationale for clinical testing of DONQ52 in CeD.
Application of novel PACS-based informatics platform to identify imaging based predictors of CDKN2A allelic status in glioblastomas
Authors: Tillmanns Niklas , Lost Jan , Tabor Joanna , Vasandani Sagar , Vetsa Shaurey , Marianayagam Neelan , Yalcin Kanat , Erson-Omay E. Zeynep , von Reppert Marc , Jekel Leon , Merkaj Sara , Ramakrishnan Divya , Avesta Arman , de Oliveira Santo Irene Dixe , Jin Lan , Huttner Anita , Bousabarah Khaled , Ikuta Ichiro , Lin MingDe , Aneja Sanjay , Turowski Bernd , Aboian Mariam , Moliterno Jennifer
Published: December 2023

Gliomas with CDKN2A mutations are known to have worse prognosis but imaging features of these gliomas are unknown. Our goal is to identify CDKN2A specific qualitative imaging biomarkers in glioblastomas using a new informatics workflow that enables rapid analysis of qualitative imaging features with Visually AcceSAble Rembrandtr Images (VASARI) for large datasets in PACS. Sixty nine patients undergoing GBM resection with CDKN2A status determined by whole-exome sequencing were included. GBMs on magnetic resonance images were automatically 3D segmented using deep learning algorithms incorporated within PACS. VASARI features were assessed using FHIR forms integrated within PACS. GBMs without CDKN2A alterations were significantly larger (64 vs. 30%, p = 0.007) compared to tumors with homozygous deletion (HOMDEL) and heterozygous loss (HETLOSS). Lesions larger than 8 cm were four times more likely to have no CDKN2A alteration (OR: 4.3; 95% CI 1.5–12.1; p < 0.001). We developed a novel integrated PACS informatics platform for the assessment of GBM molecular subtypes and show that tumors with HOMDEL are more likely to have radiographic evidence of pial invasion and less likely to have deep white matter invasion or subependymal invasion. These imaging features may allow noninvasive identification of CDKN2A allele status.
Fight COVID Milwaukee protective behaviors and risk communications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Titi Mohammad , Keval Aliyah , Martinez Emma , Dickson-Gomez Julia , Young Staci , Meurer John
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on society, causing significant disruptions to everyday life. Risk communication strategies can play an important role in risk management as they allow individuals to prepare for and respond to public health emergencies appropriately. The aim of this study is to investigate public risk behaviors, perceptions of risk and risk communication, and experiences with COVID-19 to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on our community and to better inform public health decisions about communicating and reducing personal risk. Nine virtual focus groups were conducted with 79 residents of Milwaukee County. Audio transcripts of focus group recordings were qualitatively analyzed using MAXQDA. Predominant themes identified include public risk protective behaviors, the emotional toll associated with lockdown measures, and risk communication. Our findings provide a better understanding of how adults, African American and Hispanic groups in particular, viewed the risk communications and protective behaviors associated with COVID-19, how their lives were impacted by the pandemic, and how to effectively communicate public information about personal risk. These findings can help guide risk communication efforts and public health policy interventions for potential infection outbreaks in the future.
Factors associated with increased risk of playing-related disorders among classical music students within the Risk of Music Students (RISMUS) longitudinal study
Authors: Cruder Cinzia , Soldini Emiliano , Gleeson Nigel , Barbero Marco
Published: December 2023

Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are common among musicians but longitudinal data on risk factors are limited. The aim of the study was to longitudinally identify the factors associated with increased risk of PRMD onset among music students enrolled in different pan-European music institutions. A further goal was to assess the occurrence of PRMDs during a 12-month period. A total of 442 students without PRMDs from 56 European music universities completed a web-based questionnaire on lifestyle and practice habits, health history, physical activity, psychological distress, perfectionism, and fatigue. PRMD onset was assessed prospectively at 6 and 12 months. Logistic regression analysis showed that changes in physical activity level (6-month AOR = 2.343, 12-month AOR = 2.346), increased levels of fatigue (6-month AOR = 1.084, 12-month AOR = 1.081) and socially-prescribed perfectionism (6-month AOR = 1.102) were significantly associated with PRMD onset, which had occurred in 49% of participants during 12 months. Musculoskeletal complaints reported at baseline (6-month AOR = 0.145, 12-month AOR = 0.441) and changes to BMI (12-month AOR = 0.663) limited the onset of PRMDs. The study’s novel longitudinal findings were appraised critically within the contexts of potential factors for PRMD onset and evidence-based preventive strategies to minimise the impact of PRMDs.
ENHANCE proof-of-concept three-arm randomized trial: effects of reaching training of the hemiparetic upper limb restricted to the spasticity-free elbow range
Authors: Levin Mindy F. , Berman Sigal , Weiss Neta , Parmet Yisrael , Baniña Melanie C. , Frenkel-Toledo Silvi , Soroker Nachum , Solomon John M. , Liebermann Dario G.
Published: December 2023

Post-stroke motor recovery processes remain unknown. Timescales and patterns of upper-limb (UL) recovery suggest a major impact of biological factors, with modest contributions from rehabilitation. We assessed a novel impairment-based training motivated by motor control theory where reaching occurs within the spasticity-free elbow range. Patients with subacute stroke (≤ 6 month; n = 46) and elbow flexor spasticity were randomly allocated to a 10-day UL training protocol, either personalized by restricting reaching to the spasticity-free elbow range defined by the tonic stretch reflex threshold (TSRT) or non-personalized (non-restricted) and with/without anodal transcranial direct current stimulation. Outcomes assessed before, after, and 1 month post-intervention were elbow flexor TSRT angle and reach-to-grasp arm kinematics (primary) and stretch reflex velocity sensitivity, clinical impairment, and activity (secondary). Results were analyzed for 3 groups as well as those of the effects of impairment-based training. Clinical measures improved in both groups. Spasticity-free range training resulted in faster and smoother reaches, smaller (i.e., better) arm-plane path length, and closer-to-normal shoulder/elbow movement patterns. Non-personalized training improved clinical scores without improving arm kinematics, suggesting that clinical measures do not account for movement quality. Impairment-based training within a spasticity-free elbow range is promising since it may improve clinical scores together with arm movement quality.

Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT02725853; Initial registration date: 01/04/2016.
A roadmap to define and select aquatic biological traits at different scales of analysis
Authors: Morim Teófilo , Henriques Sofia , Vasconcelos Rita , Dolbeth Marina
Published: December 2023

Trait-based approaches are a powerful tool, as they not only improve understanding of ecological complexity and functioning but also allow comparison across different ecosystems and biogeographical regions. They may be used to unveil ecosystem processes and assess community structures, but their great potential becomes limited when dealing with scattered trait data and historically unstandardised trait nomenclature. The lack of standardisation allows authors to use the terminology of their preference, which inevitably leads to ambiguous misunderstandings and limits comparison between different studies. There have been some attempts to organise the trait vocabulary, but even these are mostly created from the perspective of a single ecosystem, which limits their applicability. In this work, we conducted a systematic literature review that identified and compiled 1127 traits across 37 datasets of fishes, invertebrates and zooplankton from freshwater, marine and transitional ecosystems. This dataset was then used to build on the Marine Species Traits Wiki and to propose a new, unified approach to a trait vocabulary based directly on readily available trait data. We propose a single standardised designation for all the different traits identified and provide a list of all the different synonyms commonly used for these traits. A roadmap to help the trait selection process is also provided, offering a guide through four main steps and important questions for choosing an adequate set of traits at the beginning of any study, which constitutes one of the main challenges in functional ecology research. Overall, this proposal will provide a solid baseline for tackling gaps in trait nomenclature and ensuring a clearer future for functional ecology studies.
Efficient and reproducible generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived expandable liver organoids for disease modeling
Authors: Mun Seon Ju , Hong Yeon-Hwa , Shin Yongbo , Lee Jaeseo , Cho Hyun-Soo , Kim Dae-Soo , Chung Kyung-Sook , Son Myung Jin
Published: December 2023

Genetic liver disease modeling is difficult because it is challenging to access patient tissue samples and to develop practical and relevant model systems. Previously, we developed novel proliferative and functional liver organoids from pluripotent stem cells; however, the protocol requires improvement for standardization and reproducible mass production. Here, we improved the method such that it is suitable for scalable expansion and relatively homogenous production, resulting in an efficient and reproducible process. Moreover, three medium components critical for long-term expansion were defined. Detailed transcriptome analysis revealed that fibroblast growth factor signaling, the essential pathway for hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration, was mainly enriched in proliferative liver organoids. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of FGFR4 impaired the generation and proliferation of organoids. Finally, glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1a) patient-specific liver organoids were efficiently and reproducibly generated using the new protocol. They well maintained disease-specific phenotypes such as higher lipid and glycogen accumulation in the liver organoids and lactate secretion into the medium consistent with the main pathologic characteristics of patients with GSD1a. Therefore, our newly established liver organoid platform can provide scalable and practical personalized disease models and help to find new therapies for incurable liver diseases including genetic liver diseases.
TRIM25 dictates selective miRNA loading into extracellular vesicles during inflammation
Authors: King Kayla E. , Ghosh Priyanka , Wozniak Ann L.
Published: December 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are loaded with specific biomolecules in order to perform cell-to-cell communication. Understanding the mechanism of selective cargo loading is important to better understand the physiological and pathological function of EVs. Here we describe a novel target of the E3 ligase TRIM25 and show that inflammation-mediated EV loading of the RNA binding protein FMR1 and its associated microRNA, miR-155, is promoted by TRIM25-mediated K63-ubiquitination of FMR1. This ubiquitination promotes an interaction between FMR1 and the EV loading machinery via the cleavage of the trafficking adaptor protein RILP. These interactions are lost when TRIM25 is knocked down. Loss of TRIM25 also prevents the loading of both FMR1 and miR-155. These findings suggest that inflammation-mediated loading of FMR1 and its associated microRNAs into the EV are dependent on K63-ubiquitination by TRIM25 and provide novel insights and tools to manipulate EV biogenesis for therapeutic benefit.
Highly branched bolapolyphilic liquid crystals with a cubic A15 network at the triangle-square transition
Authors: Anders Christian , Wagner Matthias , Alaasar Mohamed , Fischer Virginia-Marie , Waldecker Rebecca , Zhao Yangyang , Tan Tianyi , Cao Yu , Liu Feng , Tschierske Carsten
Published: December 2023

An A15 Frank Kasper phase, composed of tetrahedra forms at the transition between columnar phases with triangular and square honeycomb structure, and can be suppressed by polyfluorination of the oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene) core unit.
Thermal expansion anisotropy of Fe23Mo16 and Fe7Mo6 μ-phases predicted using first-principles calculations
Authors: Vasilyev Dmitry
Published: December 2023

This work predicts that Fe7Mo6 μ-phase exhibits negative thermal expansion. That is, the energy increases more slowly during compression than during expansion of a solid. A method allowing to reduce the problem to a one-dimensional case is used.
Optical properties of ferroic Fe2O(SeO3)2 and Fe2(SeO3)3·3H2O
Authors: Yang Shuai , Yu Bing , Ge Rui , Liu Beituo , Qi Ruijuan , Sun Lin , Zhao Qingbiao , Yue Fangyu
Published: December 2023

Ferroic compounds Fe2O(SeO3)2 (FSO) and Fe2(SeO3)3·3H2O (FSOH) prepared by the hydrothermal method are characterized and their optical properties are investigated by combining with first-principles calculations.
Optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of novel stable lead-free cubic double perovskites A2NaIO6 (A = Ca, Sr) for renewable energy applications
Authors: Ali Malak Azmat , Alothman Asma A. , Mushab Mohammed , Faizan Muhammad
Published: December 2023

A2NaIO6 (A = Ca, Sr) double perovskites were investigated through first principles calculations and were found suitable for solar cells and thermoelectric power generators.
The role of urea in formation of the sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT)–urea eutectic liquid: a neutron diffraction and isotopic substitution study
Authors: Byrne Emily L. , Madhukailya Sanskrita , Alderman Oliver L. G. , Blesic Marijana , Holbrey John D.
Published: December 2023

Sodium is predominantly six coordinate in the SAT–urea eutectic, hydrated by two-thirds of available water with urea competing to solvate both sodium and ‘excess’ water enabling congruent melting at the eutectic composition.
Activation of H2 using ansa-aminoboranes: solvent effects, dynamics, and spin hyperpolarization
Authors: Konsewicz Karolina , Laczkó Gergely , Pápai Imre , Zhivonitko Vladimir V.
Published: December 2023

We present an experimental-computational study of metal-free H2 activation by ansa-aminoboranes in various solvents, including molecular level dynamics, thermochemistry, and spin hyperpolarization PHIP effects in the activation of parahydrogen.
C–H bond activation by high-valent iron/cobalt–oxo complexes: a quantum chemical modeling approach
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Ansari Mursaleem , Ansari Azaj
Published: December 2023

The steric and electronic effect can control the reactivity during C–H bond activation of organic compounds by high-valent metal-oxo species.
Harboring organocatalysts in a star-shaped block copolymer for micellar catalysis and emulsion catalysis
Authors: Ren Lanxin , Liu Shanqiu , Sun Zhiyong
Published: December 2023

Conducting an asymmetric aldol reaction in both micelles and emulsions with high interfacial reactivity and stereoselectivity is achieved by incorporating an organocatalyst in the inherently hydrophobic center of a star-shaped polymer.
Synthesis of small size lead-free Cs3Bi2xSb2−2xBr9 solid-solutions using a spatially confined growth method for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Gao Miaomiao , Liu Xiaolei , Yin Liwen , Chen Jinghang , Wang Zeyan , Zheng Zhaoke , Liu Yuanyuan , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Zhang Zehui , Wang Peng
Published: December 2023

The small size lead-free Cs3Bi0.6Sb1.4Br9 solid-solution spatially confined in MCM-41 molecular sieve shows an outstanding performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO.
Recent advances in II–VI group semiconductor- and carbon-based quantum dots for fluorescence-based sensing of metal ions in water
Authors: Das Sohel , Somu Prathap , Yadav Akhilesh Kumar , Hopke Philip Karl , Paul Subhankar
Published: December 2023

Quantum dots (QD), semiconductor nanoparticles of size <10 nm, have recently emerged as an intriguing field in materials science due to their size-dependent opto-electronic properties, chemical stability, and potential for a wide range of applications.
Reductive amination of carboxylic acids under H2 using a heterogeneous Pt–Mo catalyst
Authors: Sakoda Katsumasa , Yamaguchi Sho , Honjo Kazuki , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo
Published: December 2023

Reductive amination of carboxylic acids under mild conditions was achieved using an Al2O3-supported Pt–Mo catalyst. Various carboxylic acids including biomass-derived fatty acids were successfully converted to their corresponding alkylamines.
Sulfurous zeosils for dehydra-decyclization of tetrahydrofuran to renewable butadiene
Authors: Andeme Ela Raisa Carmen , Barroso Jorge , Kumar Gaurav , Gawande Kaivalya , Brauer Sophie A. , Shetty Manish , Li Xinyu , Fan Wei , Vlaisavljevich Bess , Dauenhauer Paul J.
Published: December 2023

Renewable 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD, C4H6) was synthesized from the tandem decyclization and dehydration of biomass-derived tetrahydrofuran (THF) on weak Brønsted acid zeolite catalysts.
Z-scheme heterojunction g-C3N4/CQD/CdZnS with high redox capability for enhancing visible light-driven photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomers
Authors: Liu Xutang , Jiang Zhijie , Cao Xiru , Shen Zhen , Zhao Wei , Wang Fei , Cui Mingyu , Liang Chong
Published: December 2023

The photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin is a sustainable strategy to produce high-value aromatic chemicals.
Nature stays natural: two novel chemo-enzymatic one-pot cascades for the synthesis of fragrance and flavor aldehydes
Authors: Giparakis Stefan , Winkler Margit , Rudroff Florian
Published: December 2023

We developed two novel chemo-enzymatic strategies to produce high-value fragrances and flavours derived from renewable phenylpropene-metabolites in up to 55% yield after four reaction steps.
Cold-resistant, highly stretchable ionic conductive hydrogels for intelligent motion recognition in winter sports
Authors: Lei Tongda , Pan Jiajun , Wang Ning , Xia Zhaopeng , Zhang Qingsong , Fan Jie , Tao Lei , Shou Wan , Gao Yu
Published: December 2023

Conductive hydrogels have attracted much attention for their wide application in the field of flexible wearable sensors due to their outstanding flexibility, conductivity and sensing properties.
A Cu2(C6O6) metal–organic framework monolayer assembled on silicon carbide grown graphene exhibiting a metallic band structure
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Lin Tao , Lin Nian
Published: December 2023

We report the self-assembly of a metallic monolayer metal–organic framework of Cu-benzenehexol (BHO) on a graphene/SiC substrate assisted by in situ Cu-catalyzed deprotonation reactions.
Metal-free photocatalyzed homo- and cross-dimerizations of α-hydroxyl ketones via dual C(sp3)–H functionalization: synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxyl-1,4-butanediones
Authors: Wang Zhouying , Tang Enrong , Zhou Quanquan , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: December 2023

Homo- and cross-dimerization couplings of α-hydroxy ketoneshave been realized as a practical tool for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxyl-1,4-butadiones. The reactions were run at room temperature under visible light irradiation.
Highly regio- and stereoselective bromochlorination and bromoazidation of 1,3-dienes
Authors: Ma Wei-Wei , Wang Zi-Lu , Zhao Jin-Bo , Xu Yun-He
Published: December 2023

Bromochlorination and bromoazidation of diverse 1,3-dienes to prepare various chlorobromides and azidobromides with high efficiency and selectivity using a general protocol with mild conditions and simple operation.
Artificial light-harvesting nanoparticles based on a tripodal fluorescence sensor mediated by multiple luminescence mechanisms
Authors: Wu Zhiying , Zhang Qiaona , Chen Dengli , Xiao Tangxin
Published: December 2023

A tripodal sensor based on TPE was designed and synthesized. The compound with sensing ability can be constructed as nanoparticles in aqueous media, which have outstanding fluorescence properties mediated by the ESIPT–AIE–FRET triple mechanism.
Unexpected performance of iron(iii)chloride in the polymerization of renewable 2,3-butanediol and the depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Kirchberg Anja , Wegelin Sandra , Grutke Leonie , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: December 2023

Polycondensations of 2,3-butanediol with dicarboxylic acids are described. A catalyst screening revealed iron(iii)chloride as environmentally friendlier and active catalyst, which also showed good performance in the depolymerization of PET.
Enhancing the performance of indoor organic photovoltaics through precise modulation of chlorine density in wide bandgap random copolymers
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Kim Seon Joong , Ham Gayoung , Jeong Ji-Eun , Lee Donghwa , Lee Eunho , Ahn Hyungju , Cha Hyojung , Shim Jae Won , Lee Wonho
Published: December 2023

This study demonstrates that the combination of wide bandgap random copolymers and PC71BM is an ideal pair for cost-effective, efficient indoor organic photovoltaics.
In situ creation of a catalytic multiphase and multiscale surroundings for remarkable hydrogen storage performance of MgH2
Authors: Zhang Lingchao , Zhang Xin , Zhang Wenxuan , Fang Fang , Li Juan , Hu Jianjiang , Gu Changdong , Sun Wenping , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge , Liu Yongfeng
Published: December 2023

Nanostructured ZrFe2 with a size of 30–120 nm is fabricated as a highly active catalyst for hydrogen storage in MgH2.
A laser-induced zinc oxide/graphene photoelectrode for a photocurrent-polarity-switching photoelectrochemical biosensor with bipedal DNA walker amplification
Authors: Qiu Zhenli , Lei Yufen , Lin Xintong , Zhu Jinman , Zeng Ruijin , Sa Rongjian , Tang Dianping , Chen Qiang , Chen Yiting
Published: December 2023

A photocurrent-polarity-switching photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of tobramycin (TOB) through bipedal DNA walker amplification using a laser-induced zinc oxide/graphene (ZnO/LIG) photoelectrode.
Bi3+/Sb3+ co-doped Cs2HfCl6 vacancy-ordered double perovskites for multifunctional optoelectronic applications
Authors: Huang Zixuan , Zheng Jinju , Fu Hui , Jiang Jialiang , Li Zilong , Gu Chunhong , Du Zhentao , Yang Yang , Yang Weiyou , Zhao Jialong
Published: December 2023

The multiple optoelectronic applications of Bi3+/Sb3+ co-doped Cs2HfCl6 DPs.
Boosting interlayer charge transfer in polymeric carbon nitride by Mo ions for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Liu Feng , Li Wencheng , Rao Xi , Zheng Shaohui , Zhang Yongping
Published: December 2023

Schematic illustration of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of Mo-doped g-C3N4.
SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 MTase activity is critical for inducing canonical NF-κB activation
Authors: Tofaute Marie J. , Weller Benjamin , Graß Carina , Halder Hridi , Dohai Bushra , Falter-Braun Pascal , Krappmann Daniel
Published: December 2023

Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with severe forms of COVID-19 often suffer from a dysregulated immune response and hyperinflammation. Aberrant expression of cytokines and chemokines is associated with strong activation of the immunoregulatory transcription factor NF-κB, which can be directly induced by the SARS-CoV-2 protein NSP14. Here, we use NSP14 mutants and generated cells with host factor knockouts (KOs) in the NF-κB signaling pathways to characterize the molecular mechanism of NSP14-induced NF-κB activation. We demonstrate that full-length NSP14 requires methyltransferase (MTase) activity to drive NF-κB induction. NSP14 WT, but not an MTase-defective mutant, is poorly expressed and inherent post-translational instability is mediated by proteasomal degradation. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 NSP10 or addition of the co-factor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) stabilizes NSP14 and augments its potential to activate NF-κB. Using CRISPR/Cas9-engineered KO cells, we demonstrate that NSP14 stimulation of canonical NF-κB activation relies on NF-κB factor p65/RELA downstream of the NEMO/IKK complex, while c-Rel or non-canonical RelB are not required to induce NF-κB transcriptional activity. However, NSP14 overexpression is unable to induce canonical IκB kinase β (IKKβ)/NF-κB signaling and in co-immunoprecipitation assays we do not detect stable associations between NSP14 and NEMO or p65, suggesting that NSP14 activates NF-κB indirectly through its methyltransferase activity. Taken together, our data provide a framework how NSP14 can augment basal NF-κB activation, which may enhance cytokine expression in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.
Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function
Authors: Athar Faria , Karmani Muskan , Templeman Nicole M.
Published: December 2023

The female reproductive system is strongly influenced by nutrition and energy balance. It is well known that food restriction or energy depletion can induce suppression of reproductive processes, while overnutrition is associated with reproductive dysfunction. However, the intricate mechanisms through which nutritional inputs and metabolic health are integrated into the coordination of reproduction are still being defined. In this review, we describe evidence for essential contributions by hormones that are responsive to food intake or fuel stores. Key metabolic hormones—including insulin, the incretins (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1), growth hormone, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin—signal throughout the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis to support or suppress reproduction. We synthesize current knowledge on how these multifaceted hormones interact with the brain, pituitary, and ovaries to regulate functioning of the female reproductive system, incorporating in vitro and in vivo data from animal models and humans. Metabolic hormones are involved in orchestrating reproductive processes in healthy states, but some also play a significant role in the pathophysiology or treatment strategies of female reproductive disorders. Further understanding of the complex interrelationships between metabolic health and female reproductive function has important implications for improving women’s health overall.
A novel spatial electric load forecasting method based on LDTW and GCN
Authors: Wei Minjie , wen Mi , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2023

Spatial power load forecasting is crucial for power grid planning, generation planning, dispatching, efficient power utilization, and sustainable development. The integration of new energy sources and electric vehicles has significantly altered grid loads, increasing the complexity of spatial load forecasting. However, existing techniques fail to fully consider the temporal and spatial correlation characteristics of data, leading to challenges in data identification and summarization. This reduces load forecasting accuracy and prolongs prediction time. To address these issues, a spatial electric load forecasting method based on improved scale limited dynamic time warping (LDTW) and graph convolutional network (GCN) are proposed. Firstly, the improved scale LDTW is used to improve the clustering effect of K‐Mediods++, refine the type of load data, and make the subsequent model training more targeted. Secondly, the interconnections and distances of substations in a real network structure is used to build a graph model to capture the power load distribution. Finally, based on the clustering results and the graph model, GCN‐LSTM is used to construct the spatio‐temporal forecasting algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested using load data from a region in Shanghai and compared with other advanced algorithms. Results show that the algorithm achieves higher prediction accuracy and efficiency.
Sequence‐to‐sequence transfer transformer network for automatic flight plan generation
Authors: Yang Yang , Qian Shengsheng , Zhang Minghua , Cai Kaiquan
Published: December 2023

In this work, a machine translation framework is proposed to tackle the flight plan generation in the air transport field. Diverging from the traditional human expert‐based way, a novel sequence‐to‐sequence transfer transformer network to automatic flight plan generation with enhanced operational acceptability is presented. It allows the user to translate the departure and arrival airport pairs denoted as test sentences, into the flyable waypoint sequences denoted as the corresponding source sentences. The approach leverages deep neural networks to autonomously learn air transport specialized knowledge and human expert insights from industry legacy data. Moreover, a multi‐head attention mechanism is adopted to model the complex correlation between airport pairs. Besides, we introduce an innovative waypoint embedding layer to learn effective embeddings for waypoint sequences. Additionally, an extensive flight plan dataset is constructed utilizing real‐world data in China spanning from July to September 2019. Employing the proposed model, rigorous training and testing procedures are conducted on this dataset, yielding remarkably favourable outcomes based on automatic evaluation metrics that are BLEU and METEOR, which outperform other popular approaches. More importantly, the proposed approach achieves high performance in the operational validation and visualization, showing its application potential for real‐world air traffic operation.
Power synergistic control between of power‐to‐hydrogen and SCESS‐DFIG considering “source–load” turbulence
Authors: Sun Dongyang , Ruan Junlin , Zheng Wenyuan , Wang Nan , Zu Guangxin
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen production from wind power can reduce wind abandonment and improve the utilization rate of wind power. However, both “source” turbulence caused by unstable wind speed and “load” turbulence caused by sudden load changes will adversely affect the stable operation of power‐to‐hydrogen systems and the grid connection stability of wind farms. A synergistic control strategy between a supercapacitor and power‐to‐hydrogen system is proposed to solve this problem. The strategy is based on the ensemble empirical‐mode decomposition algorithm. By using the supercapacitor to stabilize the high‐frequency component in the “source–load” turbulence, the stability of the power‐to‐hydrogen system is improved. An optimal allocation method of supercapacitor capacity suitable for the control strategy is then proposed. Considering the different states of each fan and supercapacitor, the unit inertia time constant variance is reduced by reasonably distributing the output of each unit. This effectively improves the inertia time constant and grid connection stability of the wind farm. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified by Simulink simulations.
Research on optimal dispatch model of power grid considering the uncertainty of flexible resource demand response on the residential side
Authors: Ding Guili , Shu Zhan , Xin Jianbo , Lin Zhenzhi , Zhong Zhiqiang , Zhou Shiyang , Ji Qingzhao , Xiao Hui , Han Xin
Published: December 2023

Residential side flexible load participation in demand response (DR) has been widely used in recent years. However, there are uncertainties in the response willingness and response volume of residential customers, which have a non‐negligible impact on the security and economic dispatch of the power sector. This paper analyzes the uncertainty factors in the demand response process of residential users from the equipment load layer–user layer, establishes for the first time a refined model of residential users' participation in DR from the perspectives of participation uncertainty and response uncertainty, and further constructs a grid optimal dispatch model considering DR uncertainty. The experimental simulation results show that the model established in this paper is able to adjust the operation strategy according to the requirements of user comfort, enhance the enthusiasm of users to participate in DR, and at the same time reduce the dispatch security risk and economic loss caused by the uncertainty of residents' DR on the power grid.
Three‐level secondary negawatt trading market mechanism with capability of congestion management
Authors: Amirmahani Amirhossein , Bagheri Abed , Jadid Shahram
Published: December 2023

Modern power markets are witnessing various energy transactions, and the participants are focusing on different objectives like energy cost, profit, and environmental concerns as key parts of their strategy. In recent years, producers, prosumers, and other participants found ways to act freely in the grid and maximise their profit. By using negawatt trading (selling the right of buying to other participants), consumers will find a way to choose their role (seller, buyer, or negawatt trader) as they desire in the market and can join the market to maximise their utility function. A three‐level secondary market is proposed that would work besides the day‐ahead market. In the designed market, the network manager first determines the value of negawatt for each time in each region by considering the network conditions, and then by exchanging the information specific to each group, buyers and sellers have an opportunity to trade negawatt as much as they desire with the specified price in each time. The designed market also provides a mechanism to control the exchanges between different areas, which allows the network manager to control the grid conditions. The results show that the introduced market can be profitable for each participant including the DSO and work without interfering with the day‐ahead market process.
Unveiling the spectacular over 24-hour flare of star CD-36 3202
Authors: Bicz K. , Falewicz R. , Pietras M.
Published: December 2023

We studied the light curve of the star CD-36 3202, which was observed by TESS for the presence of stellar spots and to analyze the rotationally modulated flare that took place on TESS Barycentric Julian Date 1486.93. Our main aims are to model the light curve of this flare and to estimate its location regarding stellar spots. The flare lasted approximately 27 h. Using our new tool, findinc_mc, we managed to estimate the inclination angle of the star to 70° ± 8°. With BASSMAN, we modeled the light curve of the CD-36 3202 and estimated that three spots are present on its surface. The mean temperature of the spots was about 4000 ± 765 K, and their total area amounted to 11.61% ± 0.13% on average. We created a new tool, named MFUEA, to model rotationally modulated flares, and used it to estimate the latitude of the long-duration flare event, finding 69−1+2 deg. Our estimation of the flare location is the first recreation of the exact position of a flare in relation to starspots. The flare is placed 12° from the center of the coolest spot. This means that the flare is related to the magnetic processes above the active region represented by the spot. Removing the effects of rotational modulation from the flare light curve allowed us to correct the estimation of bolometric energy released during the event from (1.15 ± 0.35) × 1035 erg to (3.99 ± 1.22) × 1035 erg.
Radio-astronomical image reconstruction with a conditional denoising diffusion model
Authors: Drozdova M. , Kinakh V. , Bait O. , Taran O. , Lastufka E. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Holotyak T. , Schaerer D. , Voloshynovskiy S.
Published: December 2023

Context.Reconstructing sky models from dirty radio images for accurate source extraction, including source localization and flux estimation, is a complex yet critical task, and has important applications in galaxy evolution studies at high redshift, particularly in deep extragalactic fields using for example the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA). With the development of large-scale projects, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), we anticipate the need for more advanced source-extraction methods. Existing techniques, such as CLEAN and PyBDSF, currently struggle to effectively extract faint sources, highlighting the necessity for the development of more precise and robust methods.

Aims.The success of the source-extraction process critically depends on the quality and accuracy of image reconstruction. As the imaging process represents an “information-lossy” operator, the reconstruction is characterized by uncertainty. The current study proposes the application of stochastic neural networks for the direct reconstruction of sky models from “dirty” images. This approach allows us to localize radio sources and to determine their fluxes with corresponding uncertainties, providing a potential advancement in the field of radio-source characterization.

Methods.We used a dataset of 10 164 images simulated with the CASA tool based on the ALMA Cycle 5.3 antenna configuration. We applied conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) to directly reconstruct sky models from these dirty images, and then processed these models using Photutils to extract the coordinates and fluxes of the sources. To test the robustness of the proposed model, which was trained on a fixed water vapor value, we examined its performance under varying levels of water vapor.

Results.We demonstrate that the proposed approach is state of the art in terms of source localisation, achieving over 90% completeness at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of as low as 2. Additionally, the described method offers an inherent measure of prediction reliability thanks to the stochastic nature of the chosen model. In terms of flux estimation, the proposed model surpasses PyBDSF in terms of performance, accurately extracting fluxes for 96% of the sources in the test set, a notable improvement over the 57% achieved by CLEAN+ PyBDSF.

Conclusions.Conditional DDPMs are a powerful tool for image-to-image translation, yielding accurate and robust characterization of radio sources, and outperforming existing methodologies. While this study underscores the significant potential of DDPMs for applications in radio astronomy, we also acknowledge certain limitations that accompany their use, and suggest directions for further refinement and research.
Partizipatives Design im Kontext gesundheitsbezogener Technologien
– Herausforderungen und Handlungserfordernisse aus Perspektive der
Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Kernebeck Sven , Busse Theresa Sophie , Fischer Florian , Ehlers Jan P.
Published: December 2023

Partizipatives Design (PD) ermöglicht den Einbezug von Nutzer:innen in
den Entwicklungsprozess digitaler Technologien im Gesundheitswesen. Der Einsatz
von PD birgt jedoch Hürden, da theoretische und methodische
Entscheidungen zu treffen sind. Oftmals werden diese in Forschungsarbeiten in
der Versorgungsforschung nicht hinreichend dargestellt oder begründet.
Dies kann zu einer eingeschränkten Bewertbarkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit
der Ergebnisse führen. Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert drei
Schwerpunkte: Erstens wird ein Überblick über die wesentlichen
theoretischen und methodischen Entscheidungen gegeben, die im Rahmen des PD aus
Perspektive der Versorgungsforschung getroffen werden müssen. Zweitens
werden die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen aufgezeigt und drittens
Erfordernisse für die zukünftige Anwendung und
(Weiter-)Entwicklung des PD in der Versorgungsforschung beschrieben.
Quality by Design in Pharmaceuticals: A Review of its Impact on
Regulatory Compliance and Product Quality
Authors: Azeeze Mohamed Sheik Tharik Abdul , Nunavath Raja Shekhar , Singh Madhu Tanya , Jain Anubha , Chakma Marjita , Arivuselvam Rajaguru
Published: December 2023

The pharmaceutical industry has embraced the quality-by-design (QbD) approach as
a promising development, formulation and manufacturing strategy. QbD provides a
systematic and science-based framework for designing and producing high-quality
products, with a particular focus on identifying, assessing and controlling
risks throughout the development process. This review aims to assess the
benefits of implementing QbD in pharmaceutical processes, evaluate its impact on
regulatory compliance and explore its potential to enhance drug product quality.
The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the influence of QbD on
pharmaceutical development and manufacturing processes. It also seeks to examine
the regulatory requirements associated with the implementation of QbD and
highlight the advantages of this approach in terms of product quality and
cost-effectiveness. Additionally, the review aims to explore the potential of
QbD in improving the safety and efficacy of drug products. The QbD approach
holds tremendous potential to revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry by
optimizing drug development & manufacturing processes, reducing costs
and enhancing product quality and consistency. However, implementing QbD
requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying science, as well as
strict adherence to regulatory requirements in drug development and
manufacturing. In conclusion, by embracing the QbD approach, the pharmaceutical
industry can ensure the production of safe, effective and regulation-compliant
products while simultaneously improving process efficiency. This strategic shift
toward QbD represents a pivotal step in advancing pharmaceutical research and
manufacturing capabilities, ultimately benefiting both the industry and more
importantly, patients worldwide.
Acute abdomen in pediatric radiology
Authors: Lochbühler Nina , Bölle Petra , Müller-Abt Peter
Published: December 2023

Background Imaging is a common part of the workup for acute abdomen in childhood and adolescence. Rapid diagnosis is crucial for adequate therapy, especially in young children.

Method This review is intended to provide an overview of the typical causes of acute abdomen in children and adolescents and is specifically aimed at radiologists who do not regularly work in pediatric radiology.

Results and Conclusion Age-specific peculiarities make a division into three age groups useful: Newborns, infants and toddlers, and schoolchildren. Possible causes of acute abdomen in children range from congenital lesions, particularly in newborns, to entities well known in adult radiology, more commonly in school-aged children. Since younger children have a higher sensitivity to radiation and often a limited ability to cooperate, sonography and conventional X-ray are the primary imaging modalities used. Decisive advantages of sonography, especially in younger children, include its widespread availability, the lack of need for sedation, and the possibility of bedside examination. Supplementary cross-sectional imaging, usually MRI, is reserved for special clinical questions. Close interdisciplinary cooperation between attending clinicians and radiologists is essential for efficient diagnostics in this patient group.

Key points: 

Citation Format