bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflection of the Clergy Ethos in the State of the Dioceses Reports on Eastern Siberia (the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centurу)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Oglezneva G. V.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the reports on the status of the Irkutsk, Yenisei and Trans-Baikal dioceses as a source for studying the clergy ethos, which is defined as the correlation of normative values with their practical activities and everyday behavior. The author reconstructs the normative model of behavior of the white clergy and its transformation in connection with the change in the objective conditions of its activities. The author analyzes the ideas of the diocesan leadership about the differences between “what is” and “what is proper” in the clergy pastoral activities, causes, consequences and measures to overcome these differences. The content of the reports allows us to conclude that in the late 19 – early 20 centuries there was a certain “worldliness” (Great Apostasy) of the clergy ethos, since the normative behavior model implies an increase in the responsibility of the parish clergy not only for pastoral, but also for public service.
Factory of the English East India Company in Hirado (Japan)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Oltarzhevskii V. P. , Puzynya N. N. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the events that took place in Japan at the beginning of the 17th century, when the first English EICo mission arrived in the Land of the Rising Sun and founded a trading post in Hirado. It shows rivalry with other European traders, who, for various reasons, were ahead of the British in establishing trade relations with Japan. It was in the person of the Dutch that English merchants encountered not only serious competitors, but sometimes open enemies. The main directions of activity of the management of the trading post for the organization of trade expeditions to the markets of countries neighboring with Japan, such as Korea and China, as well as to Southeast Asia (Cochinhina, Siam) are highlighted. Shown is the work of Richard Cocks as the head of the EICo trading post in Hirado, who paid great attention to establishing relations with the Japanese authorities at all levels, primarily with the shogun government in Edo. Based on the versatile activities of R. Cocks as head of the trading post in Hirado, it is concluded that he sought to be useful not only to the EICo and the country as a whole, and the failure of the English trade enterprise in Japan was due to many objective and subjective reasons.
Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance
Authors: Ni Zecheng , Chen Shijing , Li Yihuan , Peng Hongxi , Liang Jiawen , Tang Congrong
Published: June 2021

The early asphalt pavement in our country severely reduced the road performance due to various external factors during the use process. According to incomplete statistics, there are more asphalt pavements that need to be renovated and repaired every year in China, and the amount of construction waste such as asphalt concrete and other construction waste reaches 1,000. About ten thousand tons. If such a huge amount of construction waste is not used, it will inevitably cause great pollution to the environment. If it can be reused, not only will it be environmentally friendly and energy-saving, it will also save more than one billion yuan in costs. In view of the above problems, this article conducts related Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance to provide reference for future projects.
Rethinking of Construction Robot in the Whole Project Life Cycle
Authors: Zhang Yvkai
Published: June 2021

Assistive technology and evaluation system are expected to effectively solve the challenges of using robots in construction activities and improve the efficiency and building performance. Still, challenges are still need to be addressed before using robots for construction on a large scale. This Studies were corresponded to the identified areas for further critical review, and the development of research and application in each area was systematically analyzed to identify future directions for both the academia and the industry. More speci?cally, this review focus on determining the requirement of technology and application profile for robots, and based on the above analysis, a complete set of construction framework for robot was proposed, which integrates robots and activities with the various modular systems and digital technology to get global optimum solution.
Research on the Innovation of Teaching Mode of the Studio System of Architectural Decoration Majors in Higher Vocational Education under the Perspective of "Integration of Industry and Education"
Authors: Zhang Lu
Published: June 2021

"Studio system" is a typical teaching mode for architectural design majors at present. This paper adopts the method of theoretical elaboration, combined with the teaching experience of higher vocational architectural decoration majors, and through literature review and summarization, proposed the research on the innovation path for the "studio system" teaching model of the higher vocational architectural decoration major with "work process" at its core and oriented by "project result".
Demonstration and Analysis of Urban Traffic Tunnel Expansion Project Adjacent to Buildings
Authors: Shi Bo , Wang Kun
Published: June 2021

With the increasing number of urban underground construction projects, the evaluation of the influence of tunnel expansion on building foundation is one of the important factors to be considered in the project. In this paper, the deformation of the upper structure and the deformation pattern of the upper structure were analyzed, and the two-dimensional finite element model was built based on the case of Chongqing Jiefangbei Underground Ring Road Expansion Project Scheme. Comparative analysis of the deformation and changes in stress of the two tunnel expansion construction schemes of full-frame support and bolt suspension was performed, and the safety, rationality and feasibility of the bolt suspension scheme was confirmed through project safety analysis. It is hoped that this paper will serve as a reference for similar projects in the safety control technology of tunnel construction process.
Design Strategy of New and Reconstructed Interchanges on Expressways
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhang Heng , Zheng Xuguang
Published: June 2021

China's urban development is very fast, and the continuous improvement of the national economic level in recent years has also prompted most families to have their own scooters. In this situation, the increase and transformation of road traffic has been a necessary work for the development of various regions. This paper starts with the basic reasons for the design of new and improved interchanges, and expounds the specific design type division and main influencing factors. Finally, the paper puts forward the design strategy of newly added and reconstructed interactive interchanges with high feasibility, hoping to provide reasonable reference for relevant road traffic engineering optimization.
Primary health care reform in Saudi Arabia: progress, challenges and prospects
Authors: Al Khashan Hesham , Abogazalah Fouad , Alomary Shaker , Nahhas Mahmoud , Alwadey Ali , Al-Khudhair Basema , Alamri Fahad , Aleisa Nouf , Mahmoud Nagla , Hassanein Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Background: Saudi Arabia embarked on transforming its primary health care system in 2016 to meet international standards,gain the people’s trust and respond to the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases, as proposed in the Saudi Vision 2030. Aims: This review aims to highlight the progress, identify challenges and prospects for Saudi Arabia’s PHC reform process in order to make recommendations to facilitate strengthening of the PHC system. Methods: A review of previous studies and governmental reports was undertaken to extract, analyse, synthesize and report the findings. Results: The review has indicated that by mid-2019, the reform has contributed to an increase of 37.5% in the rate of PHC visits and 4.7% increase in patient satisfaction, enhanced coverage of rural communities (from 78% to 83%), and contributed to increasing the screening rate for prevalent chronic diseases. However, the country still faces gaps and challenges pertaining to human resources issues, cultural and lifestyle behaviour, geography, intersectoral collaboration and PHC infrastructure. Conclusion: PHC reform process in Saudi Arabia has demonstrated that positive change is achievable. This has been aided by building on previous accomplishments and the wealth of experience gained throughout the PHC journey in Saudi Arabia. However, despite improvement in the quality of services, continuous improvement is required to meet the rising expectations of the population.
Manual de práctica en hospitales
Authors: Encalada Calero Franklin , Mateo Méndez Gregorio , Borja Ochoa José Luis , Reyes Encalada Génesis , Carbo Palacio Jorge Andrés , Lucon Rivas Johanna , Polo Ariopajas Johanna , Garcés Hoyos Miriam , Reyes Galarza Isabel , Cedeño Caballero im Víctor , Banchon Zamora María Isabel , Rodríguez Pacheco Johanna , Vargas Baños Cesar , Olaya Ordoñez Andrés , Savinovich Morán Carmen , Zambrano Manzur Franklin , Meneses Garrido Teodoro , Olaya Pacheco Freddy , Intriago Cevallos Verónica
Published: June 2021

La intención del presente Manual de Práctica en Hospitales, no es otra cosa que tratar de obtener una guía para el personal que conforma nuestro sistema sanitario sean médicos, enfermeras y personal de asistencia hospitalaria, con el fin de estandarizar y legalizar su accionar hacia el paciente, de forma que se establezcan sistemáticamente las condiciones ideales que aseguren el cumplimiento de principios científicos y técnicas correctas durante la realización de actividades que involucren la atención de salud, reduciendo significativamente los riesgos potenciales a que se encuentran expuestos nuestros usuarios y personal, asegurando con ello la calidad del servicio profesional que se brinda. La bioética es una disciplina de apenas 20 años de existencia y, por tal motivo, desconocida aún por muchos profesionales de las ciencias de la salud, a pesar de que los mayores avances en el estudio, reflexión y debate acerca de los enfoques bioéticos se han realizado en el campo de las ciencias médicas. En los últimos años se ha producido un auge en la divulgación de estos conocimientos a escala mundial, y llama poderosamente la atención cómo son cada vez más los profesionales de la salud que se interesan en estos problemas. Este tema responde a la necesidad de propiciar la reflexión del personal médico sobre los aspectos éticos del ejercicio de la profesión, enfatizando en la necesidad de reconocer al paciente como un sujeto autónomo, que tiene derecho a saber, opinar y manifestarse sobre la conducta que pretenden asumir los profesionales de la salud, en la intención de promover su bienestar.
Pengembangan Web Analytic Tracer Study Menurut Tinjauan Islam
Authors: Gustin Adinda Sri , Karimulloh Karimulloh
Published: June 2021

Tracer Study merupakan alat untuk memperoleh data yang dibutuhkan bagi pengembangan suatu perguruan tinggi. Proses kegiatan ini membutuhkan proses pengumpulan data. Tetapi proses kegiatan Tracer Study yang dilakukan masih bersifat semi manual. Maka dari itu dibuatlah pengembangan web analytic tracer study yang dapat membantu pihak terkait dalam mengumpulkan data dan mengolah data. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengembangan web analytic menurut agama Islam. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pengembangan web analytic tracer study selama tidak bertentangan dengan Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits maka diperbolehkan dalam pandangan Islam.
Microservice-based Architectures: An Evolutionary Software Development Model
Authors: Fellah Aziz , Bandi Ajay
Published: June 2021

Microservices have recently emerged as an architectural style that gained widespread popularity in industries. Not long time ago, software applications were designed monolith- ically, that is all components were woven together as one single executable artifact unit sharing the resources of the same machine. In this paper, we look at microservice architec- tures through evolutionary lenses as it does not capture the essence of a new software move- ment. Microservices offer a new trend in software architecture and deliver a set of benefits and best practices. However, this is by no means without their own share of challenges and problems that are self-inflicted or inherited from its predecessors (i.e., component-based software architecture (CBSA), service-oriented architecture, (SOA), and service-oriented computing (SOC). The evolution of these different paradigms and their gradual interweav- ing have fostered the development of microservices afterwards. We introduce two finite state-based formalisms called, monitoring microservice automata (MMA) and container microservice automata (CMA). The former is a powerful and parallel formalism to model microservices’ infrastructures, including monitoring microservices’ functionalities, resource usage, compositions, and interface operations. The later models each microservice func- tionality independently as an automaton that accounts for local behavior that contains a microservice and its code. Such as code is required to run within an isolated environment and a system which is fully supported by MMA. As another phase of the evolution of ag- ile software development, microservice architectures have made their footprints in several industries such as Amazon, Twiter, PayPal, LinkedIn, Netflix, and SoundCloud.
Exploring the Flipped Classroom Model in Construction Engineering and Management Education: A Case Study
Authors: Lee Namhun , Kim Seongjin
Published: June 2021

With the advancement of web technology, the flipped classroom model has become a frequently discussed topic in academic circles at all levels. However, there are only a few research articles available for measuring the effectiveness of the flipped teaching model. This paper reports a feasibility study of implementing the flipped classroom approach in construction engineering and management (CEM) education. For this study, the authors designed the flipped classroom course modules and carried out the case study experiment. Also, a survey was performed for this study to observethestudents’perceptionsonthereversedteachingmodelinCEMeducation. Thisstudy found that the flipped classroom may have more benefits than the conventional classroom model. The survey confirmed that students may accept the reversed teaching model to learn course content in CEM education. The authors believe that this study makes a contribution to the existing body of knowledge by providing evidence to promote a larger, more controlled study to further investigate the efficacy of the flipped classroom approach.
Improving Visualization Capability in Construction Education (Plan Reading)
Authors: Ryoo Boong Y , An Mi Sun
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 dominant academic year witnessed unprecedented educational environments. Enforced transitions to online commenced with concerns for lower quality education. This involuntary shift ironically provided grounds for bold approaches to overcome expected educational weaknesses. Addressing unfavorable circumstances of an online construction plan reading course, 3D modeling using Revit was adopted. This course initiated with low cognitive tasks, understanding construction drawings and memorizing associated terminology, which culminated in a high cognitive task, applying what is learned to building a 3D model, for both of which flipping the class, a proven educational strategy in face-to-face classrooms, was implemented. This experimental course implementation was proven successful in the survey performed after the course completion (n=99, response rate = 13%). Students understood how 2D drawings are created showing the ability to illustrate details: what materials the wall is made of, which is expected to remove the need for shop drawings and to reduce the number of RFIs. Based on the proof that Revit and flipped class helped students learn better, this study suggests a more developed course design for construction the plan reading course which is a prerequisite for higher-level construction education courses.
Assessing the Relative Performance of Three Different Fire Resistant Class A Roofing Materials in a High-Altitude Area
Authors: Harris Brad , Valdes-Vasquez Rodolfo , Arneson Erin
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess three Class A roofing materials (asphalt shingle, synthetic shake, and metal), which are typically used on residential homes in wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas. A series of tests were conducted by incorporating many aspects of the ASTM E108 burning- brand test while also analyzing the change in room temperature and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Since these tests were conducted at 7,500 feet in elevation, a higher elevation than all other U.S. testing facilities, results provide a unique insight into fire behavior and performance of residential roof systems built-in high elevation WUI locations. Tests included placing a burning- brand at the top of a roof deck specimen. The resistance to flame impingement of the roofing material was recorded along with temperature changes and CO emissions. Results indicated no differences in temperature and emission for all three materials. However, the area of charring on the plywood underlayment was the smallest on the metal sample. The charred plywood was approximate twice the size of the metal roofing area in the synthetic shake tests, and approximately three times the size of the metal roofing area in the asphalt shingles test. Based on these pilot results, asphalt shingle roofing on residential homes in high fire danger WUI areas should be avoided, while metal roofing should be encouraged. If noise or appearance is a key issue for a homeowner, synthetic shakes could be used. Future tests should be performed on other Class A materials at higher elevations to evaluate material costs, insulation ratings, and noise resistance of residential roofing systems installed in mountain regions of the U.S., such as the Colorado Rockies.
Expanding the Analysis of Using Augmented Reality for Construction Embedment Inspections
Authors: Kim Jeffrey , Olsen Darren
Published: June 2021

Embedments (embeds) are commonly used when dissimilar construction materials such as steel and concrete or wood and masonry need to be anchored together. The embed serves as a structural connecting point for different materials. Construction managers are aware of the significance in terms of lost time and cost overruns when these embeds are not properly installed. Missing embeds require extensive structural re-work that is costly and involves a significant amount of time to remedy. The inspection process directly impacts the success of a project when missing embeds can be identified early. This research analysis expands on a past research study involving the use of an augmented reality headset to assist inspectors in the process of examining a simulated embed installation. This paper will identify shortcomings from the original study that were used to further develop and refine the augmented reality inspection process. While the use of improved equipment helped to stabilize the virtual image when viewed through a head-mounted augmented reality headset, newly discovered visibility issues turned out to be problematic for its use. The researchers found that virtual image opacity and image drift were problematic in the follow-up study, resulting in inaccurate inspections. As a result of these findings, the researchers recommend adjustments to the virtual overlay presented by the head-mounted augmented reality headset in a future iteration of this study.
Site Development Knowledge for Entry-Level Construction Professionals: Academic Perceptions
Authors: Simons April , Collins Wesley , Redden Lauren
Published: June 2021

Site development activities are crucial to construction projects, yet construction management (CM) programs typically focus instruction on building structures rather than the associated site development. Previous studies have evaluated key skills and topics being taught in CM programs yet these studies have failed to examine instruction as it relates specifically to site development. This study bridges the gap in research by evaluating the perceptions of CM academics regarding site development instruction. A survey was administered to CM faculty teaching in Associated Schools of Construction (ASC) affiliated programs in the United States. The survey included eighteen site development topics and was validated by four general contracting industry professionals and three site development industry professionals before distribution. Participants were asked to classify each of the topics within the six levels of the revised Bloom’s taxonomy. The survey was completed by 35 respondents representing all seven ASC regions in the United States. When aggregating results of all the site development topics, the majority of respondents felt that students should achieve the “understand” level (Level II) of cognition by the time they graduate. The highest ranking and lowest ranking topics are also identified along with recommendations based on the findings.
Challenges of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Healthcare Projects: Case Study in Developing Countries
Authors: Ozorhon Beliz , Ozcan-Deniz Gulbin , Demirturk Kir Ozde
Published: June 2021

Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects have become popular during the last 30 years due to the need of new infrastructure and/or renewal projects to be built with limited public resources.

PPP scheme has been implemented for public infrastructure such as in transportation, energy, and healthcare in developing countries, developed countries focused on renewals and improvements. Although developed countries have an extensive knowledge in healthcare PPPs, developing countries have been procuring large-scale hospitals through PPP as a new concept. Hence, the lack of know-how and experience in healthcare PPP implementations in developing countries needs to be fulfilled for a successful implementation. The objective of this research is to identify the key challenges experienced in healthcare PPPs in developing countries. The case study research methodology is used to investigate the experiences of stakeholders in large hospital projects. Structures interviews were conducted to collect both primary and secondary data. The results showed major challenges such as the lack of bankable project agreement, lack of institutional capacity and adequate risk allocation, lack of environmental and social impact assessment, incomplete PPP project medical scope, and the short-term vision in terms of investment. Mitigation strategies were recommended to address those challenges for more successful PPP implementation.
Effects of Pervious Concrete Thickness on Leachate Water Temperature during Simulated Rain Events
Authors: Roberts Trip , Rahn Keith , Dougherty Mark , LeBleu Charlene
Published: June 2021

As construction continues to alter the horizon and cities continue to expand, increased emphasis has been placed on construction materials. Concrete, a widely used material in the construction industry continues to increase the temperature of urban environments in what is called heat island effect. Stored heat on a concrete surface can negatively impact the temperature of stormwater runoff by transferring heat to water running over the heated concrete. This research study showed that impervious concrete retained heat longer after simulated rainfall when compared to comparable pervious materials. Results from this study also indicated that pervious test cells with an infiltration rate above 3,000 in/hr offered greater transfer of heated water (as leachate) away from surface flows. Within this research both 4” and 6” thick pervious concrete test cells (12”x12”) were compared with respect to leachate water temperatures. Leachate water temperature from 6” pervious concrete was cooler than that from 4” pervious concrete due to the 6” cells having a larger thickness of concrete in which to absorb and retain more heat. The ability of pervious concrete to leach stormwater provide greater opportunity for site-specific, sustainable options comparable to comparable impervious materials.
ACT Scores as a Predictor of Grade Point Average for Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Herrmann Michele , Bullock Hunter
Published: June 2021

Standardized testing scores are often used as one element in the admission process however, they tend to be used to predict success in lecture-based courses. The Building Construction Science program at Mississippi State University follows a problem-based pedagogy that has experienced enrollment exceeding capacity. Little research exists to determine whether standardized testing scores are a valid predictor of success in a problem-based pedagogy. This could be useful if future enrollment in the program is limited and competitive. The study first analyzed whether a correlation exists between ACT composite score and the degree completion rate. Secondly, the study analyzed whether ACT composite scores and ACT sub-scores are valid predictors of success for students who complete the degree requirements, as measured by the grade point average of students in the problem-based courses. The results indicate that ACT composite score, when combined with admit type, is a more reliable predictor of the likelihood of degree completion than ACT composite score alone. With regard to predicting degree of success among those who complete the degree requirements, ACT composite score alone was a weak predictor while ACT sub-scores of Science, Math, and English were all moderate predictors of grade point average in problem-based courses.
Personalized Secure Communication
Authors: Ahmed Emdad , Payne Scott , Matherly Craig
Published: June 2021

We propose multiple factors of authentication, more specifically a two factor. We have developed an algorithm ESC which utilizes a combination of public key and symmetric key encryption that provides a solid secured communication framework. As a proof of concept, we report here Java based implementation of the approach.
Image Processing for High-Throughput Phenotyping of Seeds
Authors: Margapuri Venkat , Courtney Chaney , Neilsen Mitchell
Published: June 2021

High-throughput phenotyping of seeds is the assessment of seed morphometry to aid in the prediction of yield, tolerance, resistance, and development of seeds in various environmental conditions. The paper focuses on the application of 3D graphics to image processing as a means to conduct seed phenotyping better. The paper proposes two algorithms - similar in the outcome, but different in implementation. The algorithms perform image processing on a variety of seeds such as wheat, soy, sorghum, rough rice, white rice, and canola to arrive at their morphometric estimations. In the area of static image processing, addressed are at least three common yet significant problems of seed clusters on images, skewed images, and poor image quality. As a means to address the problems, we propose the use of low-cost physical components. The algorithms provide the estimated count, area, perimeter, length, and width of seeds within an image.
Prescriptive Bio-Based Earth Mortar Composites as a Buffer for Internal Thermal Comfort
Authors: Romano Abbie , Riley Michael , Bras Ana
Published: June 2021

To decarbonise the current building stock, action is required in order to utilise natural resources as retrofitting tools. This research paper uses bio-based insulation samples in combination with an earth mortar in order to create a hygric buffer to improve thermal comfort within residential properties and select the best performing bio-fibre. Three different bio-fibres were used (Saw Mill Residue and two different types of sheep wool: Wool 1 and Wool 2) in addition to 2 different mix designs and a plain control sample. Bio-fibres were characterised using SEM imaging to define surface morphology as an indication of the materials characteristics. Moisture buffering value (MBV) (where samples were exposed to step changes in relative humidity of 75% and 53% for 8 and 16 hours respectively) was also conducted to give a greater understanding of the dynamic way in which water is transported through the panel. Capillary action was also measured as an indication of the short, medium and long-term deformation water has on earthen-based construction. From 8 different mix designs, M1 SMR was selected for further experimentation.
TRADE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Mashkara-Choknadiy Viktoriya , Mayboroda Yuriy
Published: June 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 has influenced all sectors of social life, including the global economy and trade relations. The year of 2020 was marked with significant changes in internal and foreign economic policy of almost all nations. The purpose of the paper is to study the measures taken by the EU and the USA as the world's leading economies to regulate their foreign trade in the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The tasks of the study are to show the influence of the crisis on changes of global trade policy in front of the threat to national security. Methodology. The study is based on the results of statistical analysis of data provided the WTO and the UNCTAD. The authors show an analytical assessment of the foreign trade indicators of the EU and the USA. Methods of comparison and generalization were used to formulate conclusions on regulatory trends in foreign trade of the US and the EU. Results allowed identifying specific features and changes in the regulation of foreign trade of the EU and the US, assessing the impact of the pandemic on their foreign trade. It was found that both mentioned players of the world economy have actively introduced both deterrent and liberalization measures during 2020, which were aimed at providing the domestic market with scarce COVID-related goods. The study shows the transition from export restricting to import liberalizing measures in foreign trade policies from the start of pandemic to the late 2020. Practical implications. Understanding and predicting the possible actions of partners (the US and the EU in this case) in the field of foreign trade regulation is an important practical aspect, which has to be taken into account when developing Ukraine's foreign trade policy. Value/originality. The study of foreign trade policy of the world's leading countries allows us to understand the behavior of governments of the countries that are largely dependent on participation in international trade in their development, to draw conclusions about the most common instruments of foreign trade policy in the time of humanitarian and economic crises.
I Don’t Care if I Never Get Back: Optimism and Ascent in “Take Me Out to the Ball Game”
Authors: Buchler Michael
Published: June 2021

The chorus of “Take Me Out To The Ball Game” (Von Tilzer and Norworth, 1908) is familiar to anyone who has attended baseball games in North America. However, relatively few people are aware that there is an introductory verse that poetically and contrapuntally motivates and anticipates the well-known chorus. This video article demonstrates some relationships between the verse and chorus and also challenges an earlier analysis that views this song through the lens of common-practice melodic norms.
Climate Induced Virus Generated Communicable Diseases: Management Issues and Failures
Authors: Upadhyay Ravi Kant
Published: June 2021

In the present review article human diseases caused by various groups of pathogens have been explained with its etiology, epidemiology and treatment. In addition, effect of climatic changes on parasites and pathogens has been demarcated with rising incidences of diseases. In response to environmental changes, mainly external and internal microenvironment of body and drug regimens taken by patients; virus is regularly changing its form and new mutant variants are coming out. These are circulating in many Indian states and cross border countries and causing high infectivity and mortality in human patients. These variants with new mutations are challenging existing drugs and other prophylactic measures and massively disrupting functions of a tissue, organ, or entire organism. Diseases caused by viruses are showing new trends in virulence, with high infectivity, morbidity and mortality. Due to climatic effect and drug resistance and new mutations in pathogens disease burden has been exacerbated enormously at global level. In all cases of helminthes, protozoan’s, fungi, bacteria, virus pathogens and parasites available drug structure seem to be failed or their usefulness has been much reduced due to evolution of new mutant variants with multiple drug resistance. There are serious failures at the level of operation, management and control of disease. The utmost failure is due to lack of appropriate vaccine, drug regimens, clinical care and awareness among people. These are major reasons that is why diseases become uncontrolled and unmanageable.
Location Analysis of City Public Transport Shelters in Commercial Corridors (Case Study: Jl. Dr. Wahidin, Pekalongan City)
Authors: Puspitasari Ardiana Yuli , Budiarto Eko Arief , Mudiyono Rachmat
Published: June 2021

Dr. Wahidin Street is one of the important corridors in Pekalongan City and passed by the city's public transportation. When viewed the arrangement of land use in the vicinity, this corridor is dominated by trade, services, housing, education, and office activities. This makes the potential for population attraction and movement using public transportation modes in this road corridor relatively large. However, along the corridor, currently, only 1 (one) shelter is available, and it is rarely used by passengers. The main reason is that the distance to the existing shelter is too far. Currently, passenger boarding and disembarking activities are still carried out in any place so that they often obstruct traffic flow and endanger passengers. The purpose of this study is to determine the number and location of shelters to accommodate the needs of passengers in the corridor of Dr. Wahidin Street, Pekalongan. The analysis method in this research is a quantitative analysis using the Set Covering Problem and analysis tools using ArcGis and Lingo 8.0 software. The results showed that the number of shelters needed was 4 (four) units with 2 locations each in the West of the road (Dr. Wahidin Shelter and in front of PPIP Wholesale Market) and 2 in the East of the road (around the Pandu Shop and the Honda Dealer).
Engineering and Geocryological Conditions of the Elginsky Deposit
Authors: Hosoev D.V. , Panishev S.V. , Maksimov M.S.
Published: June 2021

The paper analyses engineering and geocryological conditions of the Elginsky coal deposit in terms of their impact on the development technology. Based on the analysis of the temperature and humidity conditions of rocks at the Elginsky deposit, it was established that the blasted rocks may re-freeze during the drilling and blasting stage, which is also confirmed by practical experience. Groundwater is present throughout the field, and the water content of the lower levels in the central part of the deposit may impede mining operations and require advance measures to lower the water table. Isomorphic maps of permafrost and glacial sediments in the northwestern part of the Elginsky coal field were created using the Mineframe software. Distribution patterns of these zones were established within the rock mass along the strike and in depth, which will make it possible to make reasonable adjustments to the field development technology.
Sexualisierte Gewalt in bewaffneten Konflikten am Beispiel des Bosnienkrieges
Authors: Ortmann Anja
Published: June 2021

Sexualisierte Gewalt wird häufig als Randerscheinung von Kriegen behandelt und durch triebtheoretische Erklärungsmodelle verharmlost. Zudem wird sie oft nicht deutlich genug von Genozid und ethnischen Säuberungen unterschieden. Eine Vergewaltigung stellt jedoch nicht nur einen massiven Angriff auf körperliche Unversehrtheit und Würde der Frau dar, sondern zerstört ihr soziales Umfeld in einem kaum realisierten Ausmaß. Sozialwissenschaften haben zur Aufklärung sexualisierter Gewalt beizutragen. Am Beispiel der Jugoslawienkriege während der 1990er Jahre sollen deren fatale Auswirkungen für Frauen sowie das soziale Gefüge familiärer und dörflicher Einheiten beschrieben werden. Scham und Tabuisierung erschweren die »Aufarbeitung« und halten einen komplexen Kreislauf aufrecht.
Gender Based Violence in South Africa
Authors: Namdiero-Walsh Audrey
Published: June 2021

In Africa, and elsewhere, no unified masculine identity exists. However, in all societies, there are expectations about how male child and adult should act and behave. Each society determines gender roles and meanings of violent acts; and these meanings also vary depending on the context. This paper presents an overview on the common male child’s socialization practices in South Africa and how these contribute to a gender hierarchy that sees women as subordinate and even perpetuate violent behaviour against women. Using South Africa as example, where one of the world’s highest rates of violent crime and gender-based violence is recorded, this paper examines the association between apartheid’s racist and violent policies and existing masculine identities.
Wie erleben postpartal erkrankte Mütter die Beziehung zu ihren Kindern?
Authors: Metz Anne-Sophie , Müller Jakob Johann
Published: June 2021

Ziel der Studie und des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, das Beziehungserleben von postpartal erkrankten Müttern zu untersuchen: Dazu wurden sechs qualitative Interviews mit Müttern geführt, die sich aufgrund einer postpartalen Depression in einer stationären Mutter-Kind-Therapie befanden. Die Interviews wurden mithilfe der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie ausgewertet. Kernkategorie des mütterlichen Erlebens war die eigene Überforderung, die mit dem Gefühl eines Selbstverlustes und dem Bedürfnis nach Trennung vom Kind einhergeht. Das Bewusstsein um die Angewiesenheit des Kindes verstärkt diese Gefühle. Können die Mütter ihre eigene Bedürftigkeit anerkennen und Hilfe annehmen, wird das Gefühl des Selbstverlustes reduziert und es eröffnen sich Räume zur Entwicklung der mütterlichen Identität.
CHINDIA THE TITANS' CHANGE HAS COME
Authors:   University of Craiova, Doctoral School of Sciences, Field of Geography, 13st, Alexandru Ioan Cuza St., 200585, Craiova, Romania, DIACONESCU Luca , MAZILU Mirela Elena ,   University of Craiova, Doctoral School of Sciences, Field of Geography, 13st, Alexandru Ioan Cuza St., 200585, Craiova, Romania
Published: June 2021

Indian and Chinese civilizations have economically dominated the world for 15 centuries, when they are overtaken by: Europe, America, Russia, the Arab states, Brazil, Mexico or Japan, shamefully entering a shadow cone that stretched 3-4 centuries. Towards the end of the twentieth century they begin to matter again, and during the twenty-first century it seems that they will replace the European Union and the United States, dividing the planet into two major spheres of influence, avoiding regionalization on religious or civilizational criteria or the multipolar world predicted by some geopolitics, so China will represent the continuity of the planned and agile economy of the USSR, but with a high dose of determination found locally in the Japanese and Koreans, while India will be the 3rd West after the end of world domination by Western Europe and the USA, based on democracy, parliament, federalism and the individual economy but also characteristics specific to the states of the planetary geopolitical south.
Evaluación de una técnica de protección física en el éxito de establecimiento de dos especies leñosas nativas en zonas con hormigas cortadoras
Authors: Arriaga Julian , Torres Romina C. , Renison Daniel
Published: June 2021

Introducción y objetivos: La restauración de bosques en sitios degradados por actividades antrópicas es una actividad importante en el manejo de sistemas montanos. Aún hace falta investigación tendiente a reducir el efecto de la herbivoría y de las condiciones ambientales hostiles sobre el establecimiento de plantines de árboles. Nos propusimos evaluar la efectividad de una protección física usando tubos de policloruro de vinilo (PVC) en la plantación de dos especies arbóreas nativas de las Sierras de Córdoba (Argentina) en un área con presencia de hormigas cortadoras. 
M&M: Las especies de estudio fueron escallonia (Escallonia cordobensis) y maitén (Maytenus boaria). El área de plantación estuvo a 1840 m snm. Usamos 230 plantines por especie, 100 de ellos con y 130 sin protección de PVC. Fueron plantadas durante la estación húmeda en sitios con vegetación baja. Medimos semestralmente y por dos años la altura, la supervivencia y los daños por herbivoría.
Resultados: Para escallonia y maitén, respectivamente, la protección aumentó la supervivencia a los dos años en 24 y 26%, aumentó la altura en 7,3 y 12,6 cm, y redujo la herbivoría por hormigas cortadoras en 30 y 51% en comparación con los plantines sin protección. 
Conclusiones: El efecto favorable de las protecciones en la supervivencia y crecimiento podría deberse conjuntamente a la disminución de la herbivoría por hormigas cortadoras y al resguardo contra las condiciones abióticas desfavorables. Recomendamos estudios de más años, y tendientes a entender los mecanismos que subyacen a la mejora en el establecimiento de los plantines.
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF COAL CHARGE ON ITS BULK DENSITY
Authors: Desna N.A. , Miroshnichenko D.V. , Miroshnichenko I.V. , Meshchanin V.I. , Koval V.V.
Published: June 2021

The necessity of determining the bulk density of the coal charge for calculating the operation of coke ovens is argued, since this indicator affects the physicochemical properties of coke and the productivity of coke ovens. The diagram of the apparatus is provided and the method for determining the bulk density of the coal charge is presented. Each value obtained is the average of five parallel determinations. There has been presented the study of the dependence of the bulk density on moisture content for two research coal blends of different grades, compiled with the participation of domestic and imported grades of coal. For charge No. 1, it was concluded that the bulk density of the coal charge significantly depends on its working moisture. The minimum bulk density (798 kg/m3 ) is achieved at a working moisture of about 7 %. With a decrease in the value of the working moisture to 4 % or its growth to 12 %, the value of the bulk density of the coal charge increases to 820 and 871 kg/m3 , respectively. The minimum value of the bulk density of charge No. 2 (779 kg/m3 ) is noted at a working moisture of 7-8%. With a decrease in the value of the working moisture to 4.5 % or its increase to 12 %, the value of the bulk density of the coal charge increases to 845 and 892 kg/m3 , respectively. Based on the generalization of the results obtained, mathematical and graphic dependencies have been developed. They describe the effect of an increase in the moisture content of coal charges on the content of a class less than 0.5 mm in them, as well as the values of the average diameter of coal grains and bulk density. It was found that coal charges are characterized by a minimum bulk density at a moisture content of 7.2 %. With an increase in the moisture content of coal charges to 12 %, there is a sharp decrease in the content of the class less than 0.5 mm. This is due to the pelletization of small coal grains, which is reflected in an increase in their average diameter. Keywords: coal charge, bulk density, moisture content, particle size distribution, mathematical relationships. Corresponding author N.A. Desna, e-mail: desnana@ukr.net
Einstein Geometric Aggregation Operators using a Novel Complex Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Setting with Application in Green Supplier Chain Management
Authors:   Department of Mathematics & Statistics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, Ali Zeeshan , Mahmood Tahir ,   Department of Mathematics & Statistics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, Ullah Kifayat ,   Department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan, Khan Qaisar ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Huripur, Pakistan
Published: June 2021

The principle of a complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set (CIVPFS) is a valuable procedure to manage inconsistent and awkward information genuine life troubles. The principle of CIVPFS is a mixture of the two separated theories such as complex fuzzy set and interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set which covers the truth grade (TG) and falsity grade (FG) in the form of the complex number whose real and unreal parts are the sub-interval of the unit interval. The superiority of the CIVPFS is that the sum of the square of the upper grade of the real part (also for an unreal part) of the duplet is restricted to the unit interval. The goal of this article is to explore the new principle of CIVPFS and its algebraic operational laws. By using the CIVPFSs, certain Einstein operational laws by using the t-norm and t-conorm are also developed. Additionally, we explore the complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric (CIVPFEWG), complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric (CIVPFEOWG) operators and utilized their special cases. Moreover, a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique is explored based on the elaborated operators by using the complex interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy (CIVPF) information. To determine the consistency and reliability of the elaborated operators, we illustrated certain examples by using the explored principles. Finally, to determine the supremacy and dominance of the explored theories, the comparative analysis and graphical expressions of the developed principles are also discussed.
STRATEGI BISNIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING PADA CV BANGUN JAYA DI BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Barusman M. Yusuf S , Ramlee Cindy
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keunggulan bersaing CV Bangun Jaya berdasarkan faktor pengukur daya saing, serta menghasilkan alternatif strategi dalam rangka mengeskploitasi keunggulan bersaing tersebut untuk menciptakan keunggulan bersaing berkelanjutan bagi perusahaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perusahaan memiliki keunggulan bersaing. Kemudian keunggulan bersaing tersebut dianalisis menggunakan kerangka VRIO dan memberikan hasil bahwa perusahaan hanya memenuhi tiga kriteria VRIO yaitu, berharga (valuable),jarang (rare), dan tidak mudah ditiru (inimitable). Sehingga menghasilkan keunggulan bersaing yang belum bisa digunakan. Perusahaan dapat mencapai keunggulan bersaing yang berkelanjutan dengan melakukan alternatif strategi. Alternatif strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh CV Bangun Jaya adalah meningkatkan teknologi yang digunakan dan mengoptimalkan bidang pemasarannya.
KEBUTUHAN ENERGI ZAT GIZI
Authors: Inayaht Nurul , nurain salsabila
Published: June 2021

Tubuh memerlukan energi sebagai sumber tenaga untuk segala aktivitas. Energi diperoleh dari makanan sehari-hari yang terdiri dari berbagai zat gizi terutama karbohidrat dan lemak. Energi yang dipergunakan untuk melakukan pekerjaan, dilepaskan dalam tubuh pada proses pembakaran zat-zat makanan. Dengan mengukur jumlah energi yang dikeluarkan itu dapat diketahui berapa banyak makanan yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkannya (Soediaoetama,2000).
KEBUTUHAN ENERGI GIZI DALAM TUBUH
Authors: Gustiawan Didit
Published: June 2021

Kebutuhan dasar dari setiap makhluk hidup untuk melakukan berbagai kegiatan yaitu memerlukan energi. Energi diperoleh dari karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak yang berasal dari bahan makanan. Nilai energi ditentukan oleh kandungan karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak
Some notes on Mindsponge in infant cognition
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: June 2021

I noted some thoughts on applying Mindsponge framework to some issues in infant cognition.