bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) administration within 6 h post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): an audit, pilot study, and follow-up analysis
Authors: Chen Yen Chuan , Abdul Aziz Khairul Anuar , Md Taib Mohamed Ezani , Mohamed Yunus Alwi , Gaaffar Intan Fariza
Published: January 2025

Background

The optimal timing for administering dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a subject of debate. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of early DAPT administration within 6 h post-CABG, following the implementation of a new standard operating procedure (SOP). This study was conducted in three phases at the National Heart Institute of Malaysia. Phase 1 involved a clinical audit of 80 isolated CABG patients to evaluate current DAPT practices. Phase 2 was a pilot study involving 320 patients to establish criteria for early DAPT initiation. Phase 3 comprised a prospective cohort analysis comparing outcomes between 939 propensity-matched pairs receiving early/new SOP (< 6 h) and late/old SOP (> 6 h) DAPT.

Results

The clinical audit revealed a mean DAPT administration time of 18.3 h post-CABG, highlighting variability in practice. The pilot study demonstrated that early DAPT was associated with a significantly lower chest reopening rate (0.8% vs. 21.6%) under stringent selection criteria. In the follow-up study, early DAPT was linked to reduced rates of postoperative stroke (1.0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.013), dialysis (5.5% vs. 7.0%, p < 0.001), and chest reoperation (6.5% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.045). Despite a higher transfusion rate in the early DAPT group (76.0% vs. 43.6%, p < 0.001), ICU stays and hospitalization durations were not prolonged. Mortality rates were lower in the early DAPT group (3.2% vs. 4.6%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.123).

Conclusions

Guided by stringent clinical criteria, early DAPT administration within 6 h post-CABG is a feasible and effective strategy for reducing adverse outcomes, such as stroke and dialysis requirements, while maintaining manageable bleeding risks. Future research should explore long-term graft patency, refine transfusion protocols, and assess the broader applicability of this approach.
Burden of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities in individuals with suicidal behavior: a nationwide Danish registry-based, observational study
Authors: Reilev Mette , Møller Jens-Jakob Kjer , Stenager Elsebeth , Christiansen Erik
Published: January 2025

Background

Many psychiatric and somatic comorbidities increase the risk of suicidal behavior, but the effect of co-existing comorbidities is sparsely elucidated. We described co-existence of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities and the influence of the combined comorbidity burden on the risk of suicidal behavior.

Methods

We defined two case populations above 10 years in the Danish health registries: those who 1) died by suicide (2010–2020) and 2) had an incident suicide attempt (2010–2021). Co-existing somatic and psychiatric comorbidities and relative odds of suicidal behavior at increasing comorbidity burden were assessed.

Results

Among 5.9 million Danish citizens (2021), 6,257 individuals died by suicide whereas 30,570 had an incident suicide attempt. More than half had ≥2 co-existing psychiatric and/or somatic comorbidities. Of those who died by suicide, 18% had co-existing mood disorders and stress disorders, while 5% had both mood disorders and cancer. An 88-fold increase of odds for attempting suicide and a 35-fold increase of odds for suicide were observed among those with the highest combined burden of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities relative to those without. The presence of somatic comorbidities seemed to protect against suicide in older individuals.

Conclusions

Psychiatric and somatic comorbidities commonly co-exist in individuals with suicidal behavior. Higher combined burden of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities increased the odds of suicidal behavior, though the presence of somatic diseases had a potential protective effect on the risk of suicide in older individuals. This warrants collaboration and enhanced awareness of suicidal behavior risks across somatic and psychiatric departments.
Challenges in Adolescent and Adult Males With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , Adriaansen Bas P H , Falhammar Henrik
Published: January 2025

Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency results in severe cortisol and aldosterone deficiency, leading to persistent adrenal stimulation and excess production of ACTH and adrenal androgens. This review examines the clinical considerations and challenges of balancing under- and overtreatment with glucocorticoids in adolescent and adult male individuals with CAH. Adolescents face many unique challenges that can hinder adherence, hormonal control, and transition to independence. Thus, patient education is critical during adolescence, especially in poorly controlled postpubertal males who lack obvious symptoms and may not recognize the long-term consequences of nonadherence, such as reduced final height, reduced reproductive health, poor bone health, obesity, and hypertension. The risk of subfertility/infertility begins early, especially in males with poor hormonal control, who often have reduced sperm counts, small testes, and benign tumors called testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs). Even males with good hormonal control can experience subfertility/infertility due to TARTs. In addition, several factors such as hypogonadism and long-term glucocorticoid treatment can predispose males with CAH to poor bone health (eg, low bone mineral density, increased risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia and fractures) and metabolic syndrome (eg, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). Regular monitoring is recommended, with glucocorticoid dose optimization and prophylactic treatment to maximize future fertility potential and protect long-term bone health. Early implementation of lifestyle interventions and medical treatment are needed to address cardiometabolic consequences.
Όταν τα παιχνίδια «ανακυκλώνουν» τα παιδιά σχολιάζουν. Έννοια και σημασία της ανακύκλωσης για μαθητές/τριες πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης μέσα από και με βάση την εμπλοκή τους με θεματικά προσανατολισμένα ψηφιακά παιχνίδια
Authors: Δασκαλάκη Ζαχαρένια , Δασκολιά Μαρία
Published: January 2025

Τα τελευταία χρόνια αυξανόμενος είναι ο αριθμός των ερευνών που επικεντρώνεται στην ένταξη και αξιοποίηση των ψηφιακών παιχνιδιών ως εκπαιδευτικών εργαλείων στην Περιβαλλοντική Εκπαίδευση για την Αειφορία (ΠΕΑ). Ο ρόλος των ψηφιακών παιχνιδιών στη διαμόρφωση ενός ελκυστικού και γόνιμου εκπαιδευτικού περιβάλλοντος για την καλύτερη κατανόηση των σύνθετων περιβαλλοντικών εννοιών, φαινομένων και προβλημάτων αναγνωρίζεται διεθνώς, όπως επίσης και η συμβολή τους στην ανάπτυξη των περιβαλλοντικών γνώσεων και στάσεων μαθητών/τριών και στην προώθηση της βιωματικής μάθησης. Η παρούσα έρευνα αποτελεί μία πρόταση για ενσωμάτωση ψηφιακών παιχνιδιών στην εκπαιδευτική πράξη, με σκοπό τη διερεύνηση των αντιλήψεων μαθητών/τριών της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης για την έννοια και το ζήτημα της ανακύκλωσης, όπως και για το περιεχόμενο των ίδιων των παιχνιδιών. Πρόκειται για μελέτη περίπτωσης, στην οποία συμμετείχαν μαθητές και μαθήτριες της πέμπτης τάξης ενός δημοτικού σχολείου παίζοντας ψηφιακά παιχνίδια για την ανακύκλωση και συζητώντας γι’ αυτά. Η έρευνα ακολούθησε μια ποιοτική μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση, με τη συλλογή των δεδομένων να βασίζεται σε ημι- δομημένες συνεντεύξεις και την ανάλυση τους σε θεματική ανάλυση. Τα αποτελέσματα δίνουν σημαντικές ενδείξεις για τους τρόπους με τους οποίους οι μαθητές αναγνωρίζουν και κατανοούν την ανακύκλωση και προσεγγίζουν τον σχεδιασμό ψηφιακών παιχνιδιών θεματικά επικεντρωμένων σε αυτή.
Human anatomy and physiology
Authors: Tyukavin A , Gayvoronskiy Ivan , Maystrenko Viktoriya , Nichiporuk Gennadiy
Published: January 2025

The textbook describes the basic concepts of anatomy and physiology, as well as describes the principles of neurohumoral regulation of basic physiological processes. The basics of the morphofunctional organization of the central and peripheral parts of the nervous system are presented, visceral systems including the organs of respiration, blood circulation, digestion, urination and urinary excretion, reproduction, etc. are described, as well as the stages of individual human development are considered, the morphofunctional significance of blood, lymph and intercellular fluid as components of the internal environment of the body is considered.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It was written in accordance with the curriculum of the discipline "Human Anatomy and Physiology" in specialty 02/33.01 "Pharmacy" and belongs to the educational and methodological publications of the cycle of general professional disciplines for students of pharmaceutical colleges.
Level of adaptative stress of the organism and cellular reactivity of patients with acute festering-inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and paranephral tissues
Authors: Stepan V. , Sydorchuk R. , Iftodiy A. , Stepan N. , Sydorchuk L.
Published: January 2025

The frequency of purulent-septic complications in diseases of the genitourinary system remains quite high, without a noticeable tendency to decrease, which negatively affects the results of their treatment. The number of complications and relapses remains high, especially in patients of working age. The aim of the study is to research the levels of adaptive stress and cellular reactivity of the body in patients with acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and paranephral tissue.
Material and methods. The study involved 145 patients with acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and paranephral tissue (APIDKPT). The average age of the patients was 45.20±12.81 years. The level of adaptive stress and cellular reactivity of the patients was assessed by a number of indices, using the online tool Red Blood Cell Indices Calculator (Medical Professionals Reference).
Results. In patients with APIDKPT, the absolute number of leukocytes increases by 66.72%, due to an increase in the relative number of neutrophils by 15.83%, which is due to an increase in the relative number of rod-shaped cells by 3.39 times, the relative number of eosinophils increases by 16.39%, the absolute number of lymphocytes by 25.14%. The overall level of adaptive stress in patients with APIDKPT is 14.29% higher than this indicator in practically healthy individuals. The level of adaptive stress in most patients with APIDKPT is in the stress zone (59.14%) or in the training reaction zone, which distinguishes patients from practically healthy people, in whom adaptive activation is in increased activation (43.90%) or in the zone of calm activation (36.59%).
Conclusions. APIDKPT is a burden not only in terms of clinical, clinical-laboratory and instrumental load, but also in terms of the level of activation of the adaptive stress of the patient's body. The obtained scientific data create the prerequisites for the development of therapeutic and preventive methods for more effective management of such patients.
Functional Constipation in Children: overview and new outcomes
Authors: Stępień Kamila , Przygoda Maria , Śnieżna Joanna , Trestka Gabriela , Adamczyk Sabina , Zelik Urszula , Dziewic Jakub , Florczak Wojciech , Domino Wiktoria , Włodyka Jagienka , Dzwonnik Karol
Published: January 2025

Functional constipation (FC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in children, characterized by infrequent, difficult, or painful bowel movements without an identifiable organic cause. This review provides an overview of functional constipation in children, discussing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management strategies. FC affects approximately 5-30% of children, with risk factors including dietary habits, psychosocial stressors, and family history. The pathophysiology involves colonic hypomotility, rectal hyposensitivity, and behavioral factors, often compounded by pelvic floor dysfunction. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on Rome IV criteria, with further testing considered in atypical cases. Management includes dietary modifications, behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and, in some cases, biofeedback therapy. Long-term outcomes are generally favorable with appropriate treatment, although relapse is common, emphasizing the need for sustained management. Functional constipation significantly impacts a child's quality of life, affecting both physical and emotional well-being. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective treatment, addressing both physiological and psychological aspects to optimize long-term health outcomes for children with FC.
The Usage of Lion’s Mane in Sports and Its Metabolic Impact – a literature review
Authors: Stankevič Karolina , Fuczyło Kamila , Kopczyńska Ewelina , Kulej Piotr , Biesiada Wiktor , Kmieć Justyna Weronika , Woźniak Justyna , Chernysh Anna-Mariia , Dusińska Aleksandra , Waszczyński Jakub
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), a medicinal mushroom widely recognized for its neuroprotective and health-promoting properties, has garnered increasing attention in recent years for its potential applications in sports and metabolic health. Known for its bioactive compounds, such as hericenones and erinacines, lion’s mane has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing properties that may benefit athletes. This review explores current research on the metabolic and sports-related effects of lion’s mane, highlighting both promising findings and gaps in the literature.
Purpose of the Work: The aim of this study is to review the current data on the usage of Hericium erinaceus in sports performance and metabolic health. The review includes an exploration of the biochemical properties of lion’s mane and their relevance to athletic performance, assessment of the evidence gathered from animal and human studies regarding its potential benefits, identifying the gaps in research and proposing directions for future studies.
Materials and Methods
This literature review was conducted by collecting and analyzing peer-reviewed articles, clinical trial results, and relevant research papers from scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect.
Results
The literature indicates that lion’s mane has potential benefits in enhancing cognitive function, reducing oxidative stress, and improving glucose metabolism—all of which are relevant to sports performance and recovery. However, direct evidence on its impact on athletic metrics such as endurance, strength, or recovery times is limited. Preclinical studies are promising but need to be validated in well-designed human trials.
Taipingowie w Poznaniu
Authors: Zemanek Bogdan
Published: January 2025

W 1854 roku w „Przeglądzie Poznańskim” ukazał się obszerny, kilkudziesięciostronicowy artykuł pt. Tien-te i teraźniejsze powstanie w Chinach, poświęcony trwającej ówcześnie wielkiej rebelii w tym odległym państwie. Skąd w ultrakatolickim sześciotygodniku tekst o chińskich powstańcach? Kim byli ci powstańcy i ich przywódca, tytułujący się „Cnotą Niebiańską”? Kto ów artykuł napisał? Jaką ma on wartość dla współczesnego czytelnika? Na te pytania odpowiada ta książka. Ma ona trzy cele i trzy części, z grubsza sobie odpowiadające. Cele te są następujące: przybliżyć czytelnikom historię powstania Taipingów, dać im do ręki (i analizy) interesujący tekst źródłowy oraz pokazać, jak on powstał, jakimi – równie krętymi, co przypadkowymi – drogami wieści z Chin docierały na ziemie polskie.
High-efficiency electro-optic lens for radio-frequency beam wavefront modulation for mode mismatch sensing
Authors: Tao Liu , Diaz-Ortiz Mauricio , Fulda Paul
Published: January 2025

Active mode mismatch sensing and control can facilitate optimal
coupling in optical cavity experiments such as interferometric
gravitational wave detectors. In this paper, we demonstrate a
radio-frequency (RF) beam wavefront curvature modulation-based mode
mismatch sensing scheme inspired by the previously proposed RF beam
jitter alignment sensing scheme. The proposed mode mismatch sensing
scheme uses an electro-optic lens (EOL) device that is designed to
provide the required beam wavefront curvature actuation, as well as a
mode converting telescope that rephases the RF second-order modes and
generates a non-vanishing mode mismatch sensing signal. We carefully
investigate the total second-order mode generation from the wavefront
actuation both analytically and numerically, taking the effects of
Gaussian beam size evolution and the second-order mode phase mismatch
cancellation into consideration. We demonstrate the second-order mode
generation as a function of the incident beam waist size and the
electro-optic crystal size which, along with a “trade-off”
consideration of the beam size at the edges of the crystal and the
clipping loss, provides us with guidance for designing the beam
profile that interacts with the crystal to improve the EOL modulation
efficiency.
Improvement of imaging quality with a donut-shaped LED fill light for smartphone flashlight
Authors: Sun Ching-Cherng , Chen Po-Yuan , Wu Chih-Shou , Yang Tsung-Hsun , Yu Yeh-Wei , Ma Shih-Hsin
Published: January 2025

In this study, a wide-angle auxiliary fill lamp (WAFL) intended to assist the built-in flashlight of smartphone cameras had been proposed in simulations and measurements. The WAFL generates a donut-shaped light pattern that perfectly combines with the light pattern produced by a pre-improved smartphone flashlight (SF). The improved SF provides a broader and more uniform light energy distribution, so as to effectively solve the problem of insufficient SF illumination range. In addition, an image processing method which uses the known illumination distribution of the SF to simply calibrate the luminance of the image and enhance its uniformity, is also proposed in this study. According to the experimental results, uniformity and the signal-to-noise ratio of an image taken with a camera using the improved SF are better than those taken with a camera using only the SF.
Frequency-domain learning-driven lightweight phase recovery method for in-line holography
Authors: An Qiming , Liu Xiaosong , Men Gaofu , Dou Jiazhen , Di Jianglei
Published: January 2025

Retrieving phase information from a single-intensity image poses a highly ill-posed inverse problem in the field of optical imaging, particularly in applications such as in-line holography, where phase information is critical for accurate reconstruction. Traditional methods exhibit limited applicability in dynamic scenes and struggle to ensure consistent reconstruction quality. Recent advancements in deep learning and the emergence of physics-informed methods have introduced novel strategies to address this challenge. However, despite reduced reliance on extensive datasets, the complexity of network architectures remains a significant barrier. In this study, we propose a frequency-domain learning-driven lightweight phase recovery method (FNet) based on complex-valued networks. By analyzing the characteristics of the optical diffraction process in the frequency domain, we design models with fewer parameters through frequency-domain learning. This lightweight approach effectively minimizes computational resource demands, facilitating efficient phase recovery in resource-constrained environments. Simulation and experimental results on multiple in-line holography datasets demonstrate that FNet achieves performance comparable to conventional methods and real-valued networks while utilizing significantly fewer parameters and computational resources, thereby validating its efficacy. Furthermore, the incorporation of complex-valued total variation regularization markedly reduces artifacts and enhances reconstruction quality in complex datasets. We contend that this work highlights the necessity for alignment between neural networks and physical models, thereby improving operational efficiency and expanding the applicability of phase recovery technologies.
Development and validation of full-field simulation imaging technology for star sensors under hypersonic aero-optical effects
Authors: Liu Hao-Nan , Sun Ting , Wu Si-Yao , Yang Kang , Yang Bao-Sen , Ren Guo-Teng , Song Jia-Hui , Li Guan-Wen
Published: January 2025

Hypersonic vehicles equipped with star sensors operating in near-space environments experience aero-optical effects caused by the surrounding high-temperature and high-pressure flow fields. These effects significantly degrade the sensor’s imaging capability, damage image quality, and lead to failures in attitude determination calculations. To investigate the impact of aero-optical effects on the imaging and detection performance of star sensors on hypersonic platforms, this paper first proposes a simulation technique for aero-optical effects on full-field star sensor imaging and analyzes the detection capability of the star sensor in the visible spectrum under flight conditions ranging from 6 to 16 Ma. Next, to address the challenging hypersonic flight conditions, the paper discusses optimization strategies for enhancing the detection capability of the star sensor, considering factors such as the detection wavelength band, installation configuration, and optical system design. Finally, to validate the reliability of the simulation technique in this paper, a detonation-driven shock tunnel experiment for star observation is designed, and a comparative analysis of the experimental results is conducted from the perspectives of light transmission effects and thermal radiation effects. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed simulation technique can accurately predict the detection capability of the star sensor under hypersonic conditions, with simulation errors controlled within 30%.
Efficient polarization independent OCT system using a single reference arm design
Authors: Mukhtar Kandeel , Fleddermann Roland , Campbell Geoff , Gray Malcolm
Published: January 2025

We present an efficient polarization-independent optical coherence tomography (PI-OCT) system that reduces signal fading due to polarization variations by over 92%. Unlike traditional PI systems that require separate reference arms for orthogonal polarizations, our design employs only one. A fiber delay unit employed within the reference arm creates two depth-encoded channels, allowing the orthogonal polarization signals returning from the sample to interfere with the reference light at different depths. Combining these two signals produces a polarization-insensitive image. By utilizing a single-channel balanced detector instead of polarization diversity detectors further simplifies this design and reduces its cost.
All-optical Stern-Gerlach effect in P T -symmetric
nonlinear refractive medium
Authors: Nandi Soumik , Ghosh Arannya , Beniwal Dinesh , Mondal Abhishek , Mohapatra Ashok , Das Ritwick
Published: January 2025

About a century ago, an experiment performed by Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach turned out to be a cornerstone in establishing spin as an inevitable degree of freedom and subsequently, the experiment served as a versatile tool for preparing quantum states. Since then, the existence of spinors (or pseudo-spin basis) are natural as well as common to a wide variety of photonic systems. In photonics, Stern-Gerlach (SG) like splitting led laser beam-engineering forms a pragmatic route for creating photonic quantum states. Here, we present an nonlinear optics based experimental route for observing all-optical SG-effect in radially-symmetric gauge potentials. The SG-like splitting manifests through generation of topologically trivial dark-hollow Gaussian (DHG) beam by virtue of negative refractive nonlinearity of the medium. The analytical formalism elucidates the DHG beam generation via a gauge-dependent synthetic electric field in parity-time (P T ) symmetric dynamical system. The simulations and the phase-profile reconstruction as well as measurements of the DHG beam provides a distinct signature of the underlying interaction mechanism.
SEM-2/SoxC regulates multiple aspects of C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm development
Authors: Baccas Marissa , Ganesan Vanathi , Leung Amy , Pineiro Lucas R. , McKillop Alexandra N. , Liu Jun
Published: January 2025

Development of multicellular organisms requires well-orchestrated interplay between cell-intrinsic transcription factors and cell-cell signaling. One set of highly conserved transcription factors that plays diverse roles in development is the SoxC group. C. elegans contains a sole SoxC protein, SEM-2. SEM-2 is essential for embryonic development, and for specifying the sex myoblast (SM) fate in the postembryonic mesoderm, the M lineage. We have identified a novel partial loss-of-function sem-2 allele that has a proline to serine change in the C-terminal tail of the highly conserved DNA-binding domain. Detailed analyses of mutant animals harboring this point mutation uncovered new functions of SEM-2 in the M lineage. First, SEM-2 functions antagonistically with LET-381, the sole C. elegans FoxF/C forkhead transcription factor, to regulate dorsoventral patterning of the M lineage. Second, in addition to specifying the SM fate, SEM-2 is essential for the proliferation and diversification of the SM lineage. Finally, SEM-2 appears to directly regulate the expression of hlh-8, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix Twist transcription factor and plays critical roles in proper patterning of the M lineage. Our data, along with previous studies, suggest an evolutionarily conserved relationship between SoxC and Twist proteins. Furthermore, our work identified new interactions in the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying C. elegans postembryonic development and adds to the general understanding of the structure-function relationship of SoxC proteins.
Estimating the impact of school closures on the COVID-19 dynamics in 74 countries: A modelling analysis
Authors: Ragonnet Romain , Hughes Angus E. , Shipman David S. , Meehan Michael T. , Henderson Alec S. , Briffoteaux Guillaume , Melab Nouredine , Tuyttens Daniel , McBryde Emma S. , Trauer James M.
Published: January 2025

Background

School closures have been a prominent component of the global Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response. However, their effect on viral transmission, COVID-19 mortality and health care system pressure remains incompletely understood, as traditional observational studies fall short in assessing such population-level impacts.

Methods and findings

We used a mathematical model to simulate the COVID-19 epidemics of 74 countries, incorporating observed data from 2020 to 2022 and historical school closure timelines. We then simulated a counterfactual scenario, assuming that schools remained open throughout the study period. We compared the simulated epidemics in terms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, deaths, and hospital occupancy pressure. We estimated that school closures achieved moderate to significant burden reductions in most settings over the period 2020 to 2022. They reduced peak hospital occupancy pressure in nearly all countries, with 72 out of 74 countries (97%) showing a positive median estimated effect, and median estimated effect ranging from reducing peak hospital occupancy pressure by 89% in Brazil to increasing it by 19% in Indonesia. The median estimated effect of school closures on COVID-19 deaths ranged from a 73% reduction in Thailand to a 7% increase in the United Kingdom. We estimated that school closures may have increased overall COVID-19 mortality (based on median estimates) in 9 countries (12%), including several European nations and Indonesia. This is attributed to changes in population-level immunity dynamics, leading to a concentration of the epidemic during the Delta variant period, alongside an upward shift in the age distribution of infections. While our estimates were associated with significant uncertainty, our sensitivity analyses exploring the impact of social mixing assumptions revealed robustness in our country-specific conclusions. The main study limitations include the fact that analyses were conducted at the national level, whereas school closure policies often varied by region. Furthermore, some regions, including Africa, were underrepresented due to insufficient data informing the model.

Conclusions

Our analysis revealed nuanced effects of school closures on COVID-19 dynamics, with reductions in COVID-19 impacts in most countries but negative epidemiological effects in a few others. We identified critical mechanisms for consideration in future policy decisions, highlighting the unpredictable nature of emerging variants and potential shifts in infection demographics associated with school closures.
Longitudinal observational (single cohort) study on the causes of trypanocide failure in cases of African animal trypanosomosis in cattle near wildlife protected areas of Northern Tanzania
Authors: Richards Shauna , Pagnossin Davide , Buyugu Paul Samson , Manangwa Oliver , Mramba Furaha , Sindoya Emmanuel , Paxton Edith , Torr Steve J. , Ritchie Ryan , Rossi Giovanni E. , Anyanwu Lawrence Nnadozie , Barrett Michael P. , Morrison Liam J. , Auty Harriet
Published: January 2025

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) in cattle is primarily managed through trypanocide administration and insecticide application. Trypanocides can be used for both treatment and prophylaxis, but failure is often reported; this may occur due to resistance, substandard drugs, or inappropriate administration. This study in Tanzania aims to quantify reasons for trypanocide failure. An observational year-long longitudinal study was conducted in high-risk AAT areas in Serengeti District between June 2021-October 2022. Purposive sampling targeted herds with high utilization of the prophylactic trypanocide isometamidium chloride (ISM). When a farmer administered a trypanocide (ISM, diminazine aceturate, homidium), the project veterinarian assessed administration and treatment outcomes were determined based on PCR results from blood samples. A multivariable mixed model was utilized to evaluate risk factors for prophylaxis failure. Quality analysis was performed on trypanocide samples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

A total of 630 cattle from 21 farms were monitored for a year-long period. A total of 295 trypanocide administrations were reported, predominantly being ISM (56%) used for prophylaxis (87%). One-third of trypanocide administrations were not given adequately, and many trypanocides were given to animals that tested negative for trypanosome infections by PCR. Failures occurred in 7% (95% CI 3.0–14%) of curative treatments, and 44% (95% CI 35–42%) of prophylactic administrations. The brand of ISM was significantly associated with odds of prophylaxis failure (p = 0.011). On quality analysis, two ISM samples had no detectable ISM isomers, but the remainder of ISM and DA samples (n = 46) fell within the range of acceptable levels. Drug counterfeiting, inadequate use of trypanocides, and resistance are all contributing to trypanocide failure, limiting effective AAT control and with implications for human disease risk. In order to curb trypanocide failure a multi-modal approach to managing the use of trypanocides is required to address all contributing factors.
Incompatible Aedes aegypti male releases as an intervention to reduce mosquito population—A field trial in Puerto Rico
Authors: Sánchez-González Liliana , Crawford Jacob E. , Adams Laura E. , Brown Grayson , Ryff Kyle R. , Delorey Mark , Ruiz-Valcarcel Jose , Nazario Nicole , Borrero Nexilianne , Miranda Julieanne , Mitchell Sara N. , Howell Paul I. , Ohm Johanna R. , Behling Charlie , Wasson Brian , Eldershaw Craig , White Bradley J. , Rivera-Amill Vanessa , Barrera Roberto , Paz-Bailey Gabriela
Published: January 2025

Mosquito-transmitted viruses such as dengue are a global and growing public health challenge. Without widely available vaccines, mosquito control is the primary tool for fighting the spread of these viruses. New mosquito control technologies are needed to complement existing methods, given current challenges with scalability, acceptability, and effectiveness. A field trial was conducted in collaboration with the Communities Organized to Prevent Arboviruses project in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to measure entomological and epidemiological effects of reducing Aedes aegypti populations using Wolbachia incompatible insect technique. We packed and shipped Wolbachia-males from California and released them into 19 treatment clusters from September 2020 to December 2020. Preliminary evaluation revealed sub-optimal Wolbachia-male densities and impact on the wild-type population. In 2021, we shifted to a phased release strategy starting in four clusters, reducing the mosquito population by 49% (CI 29–63%). We describe the investigation into male quality and other factors that may have limited the impact of Wolbachia-male releases. Laboratory assays showed a small but significant impact of packing and shipping on male fitness. However, mark-release-recapture assessments suggest that male daily survival rates in the field may have been significantly impacted. We compared induced-sterility levels and suppression of the wild population and found patterns consistent with mosquito population compensation in response to our intervention. Analysis of epidemiological impact was not possible due to very low viral transmission rates during the intervention period. Our entomological impact data provide evidence that Wolbachia incompatible-male releases reduced Ae. aegypti populations, although efficacy will be maximized when releases are part of an integrated control program. With improvement of shipping vessels and shipped male fitness, packing and shipping male mosquitoes could provide a key solution for expanding access to this technology. Our project underscores the challenges involved in large and complex field effectiveness assessments of novel vector control methods.
Gingipains protect Porphyromonas gingivalis from macrophage-mediated phagocytic clearance
Authors: Widziolek Magdalena , Mieszkowska Anna , Marcinkowska Magdalena , Salamaga Bartlomiej , Folkert Justyna , Rakus Krzysztof , Chadzinska Magdalena , Potempa Jan , Stafford Graham P. , Prajsnar Tomasz K. , Murdoch Craig
Published: January 2025

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis, a highly prevalent disease manifested by chronic inflammation of the periodontium, alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. During periodontitis pathobionts such as Pg can enter the bloodstream and growing evidence correlates periodontitis with increased risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism by which immune cells respond to Pg challenge in vivo remains elusive. Pg produce aggressive proteolytic virulence factors termed gingipains which not only provide nutrients necessary for bacterial growth, but also subvert the host immune response, facilitating bacterial survival. Using transgenic zebrafish with fluorescently labelled macrophages and neutrophils, the role of gingipains in bacterial survival and interaction with phagocytes during systemic and local infection was examined. In contrast to the wild-type (W83) Pg, isogenic gingipain-null (ΔK/R-ab) or wild-type Pg treated with gingipain inhibitors caused less zebrafish mortality, bacteria were rapidly phagocytosed, acidified in phagosomes and eradicated when systemically injected, showing that gingipains are instrumental in preventing phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Pg by innate immune cells. Moreover, Pg were predominantly phagocytosed by macrophages, and gingipain depletion/inactivation increased bacterial phagocytosis when bacteria were injected either systemically or locally in the otic vesicle, with less bacteria internalised by neutrophils. This phenomenon was Pg-specific as Fusobacterium nucleatum caused neutrophil recruitment that then effectively phagocytosed these bacteria. These data demonstrate the important role of phagocytes, especially macrophages, in combating Pg infection and highlight the crucial protective role of gingipains in subverting the innate immune response. This study also emphasizes the advantages of using zebrafish to study interactions of Pg with phagocytes in vivo in real-time, providing a valuable experimental system for testing new therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing periodontal-associated systemic or neurodegenerative disease.
A human pathogenic hantavirus circulates and is shed in taxonomically diverse rodent reservoirs
Authors: Goodfellow Samuel M. , Nofchissey Robert A. , Ye Chunyan , Banther-McConnell Jaecy K. , Suriyamongkol Thanchira , Cook Joseph A. , Dunnum Jonathan L. , Mali Ivana , Bradfute Steven B.
Published: January 2025

Background

Orthohantaviruses are negative-sense RNA viruses that can cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans. In the United States, Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) is the primary cause of HCPS, with a fatality rate of 36% and most cases occuring in the southwestern states. The western deer mouse, Peromyscus sonoriensis, is the primary reservoir for SNV; however, it remains unclear if alternative reservoirs exist.

Results

We conducted an extensive survey of SNV genetic prevalence in wild-caught small mammal communities throughout New Mexico and observed that 27% of all animals were positive for SNV. Through longitudinal trapping at a site of patient exposure, we found that SNV circulates at a high rate in multiple species over time. Furthermore, we isolated live SNV from tissues and feces from multiple small mammal species, demonstrating infectious virus in alternative and novel reservoirs.

Significance

Altogether, this work shows that SNV is widely prevalent and persistent throughout New Mexico in multiple small mammal reservoirs that can harbor and shed infectious virus. This encourages future work for additional surviellance efforts and revaluates host-species dynamics for New World hantaviruses.
Refugio y procesos migratorios en el discurso público. Introducción
Authors: Castaño Ruiz Juana , Mhanna Mhanna Eman
Published: January 2025

Presentación del monográfico Refugio y procesos migratorios en el discurso público.
Análisis de la representación audiovisual de las mujeres refugiadas en Televisión Española y Telecinco
Authors: Zarauza-Valero Teresa , Sánchez-Castillo Sebastián
Published: January 2025

Las noticias sobre refugiados en Europa ocupan gran parte de las escaletas de los informativos televisivos y se han consolidado como una tipología de noticias, en ocasiones estereotipada. Las imágenes de las distintas crisis de refugiados, sirios, iraquíes, paquistaníes y afganos, entre otros, relatan la angustia y la desesperación de millones de personas abandonadas a su destino. El tratamiento que desde los medios de comunicación se está otorgando es clave para entender la situación de extrema urgencia que están viviendo millones de personas. En esta investigación se analiza el tratamiento que, desde dos televisiones en España, Televisión Española y Telecinco, se está ofreciendo sobre estas víctimas en sus desplazamientos forzosos. Concretamente se estudia el discurso visual de las mujeres refugiadas. Tras el análisis de contenido, se evidencia una infrarrepresentación de las refugiadas en los medios televisivos examinados y cuando estas son entrevistadas, solo en el 50% de los casos se ofrecen datos personales y de procedencia. La imagen de las refugiadas es casi testimonial, representando a las figuras femeninas como meros actores sin apenas representación individual.
La imagen de la mujer en VOX: el discurso antifeminista de la “derecha radical” en España
Authors: Alcaide Lara Esperanza R.
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo trata de analizar el discurso ideológico de VOX, partido español situado en la derecha radical, en relación a las políticas feministas y de género que en la última década se están poniendo en marcha desde el gobierno central, los autonómicos y los municipales. VOX presenta al feminismo como un movimiento opresor que pretende someter y casi destruir al hombre. El discurso de las propias mujeres de VOX es una herramienta muy útil en su lucha contra el feminismo, pues son ellas, sus militantes y simpatizantes, las que “denuncian” esta situación de desigualdad, de injusticia y de ruptura de la sociedad a la que, según su ideario, nos llevan las políticas con perspectiva de género. En este proceso, se dibuja una imagen polarizada de la mujer: la “verdadera mujer” frente a las “feministas”, una polarización que VOX intenta legitimar a través de la voz de las propias mujeres.
Narrativas en discursos de opinión sobre la protesta social en Colombia. Un análisis de artículos de opinión desde la semiótica narrativa
Authors: Arana Toscano Camilo
Published: January 2025

Dado su carácter eminentemente persuasivo, el artículo de opinión merece especial interés para el análisis del discurso. En este trabajo se propone y se aplica un modelo de análisis basado en la semiótica narrativa. El objetivo es identificar narrativas en 10 artículos sobre la protesta social publicados por tres miembros del partido de gobierno colombiano en el contexto del Paro Nacional de noviembre de 2019. Como resultados se presentan el análisis de un artículo de Rafael Nieto y una narrativa prototípica que engloba las estructuras narrativas de 6 artículos. En general, se presentan narrativas que invalidan la protesta, ya sea construyendo la figura de una amenaza, interna o externa, o señalando la protesta como un ejercicio antidemocrático. En relación con el modelo de análisis, se concluye que es pertinente en tanto puede dar cuenta de estructuras profundas que dan forma al sentido global del discurso.
Transeditando el Brexit
Authors: Pena-Díaz Carmen
Published: January 2025

Desde el referéndum de junio del 2016 en el que el Reino Unido votó salir de la Unión Europea ha habido una gran controversia. Todas las partes implicadas han generado diversos discursos que representan las distintas perspectivas políticas que, a su vez, se han visto reflejadas en la cobertura de los medios de comunicación. En este trabajo se analizará un corpus paralelo de artículos periodísticos sobre el proceso del Brexit de dos diarios de tendencia liberal y de centroizquierda, el español El País y la agencia de noticias británica Reuters así como sus versiones transeditadas al inglés y español entre 2018 y 2019 utilizando CADS (Corpus Assisted Discourse Studies), con el fin de investigar cómo se representa el Brexit en la prensa española y británica y qué perspectiva se adopta en cada medio a través del análisis de artículos originales y sus versiones en el otro idioma. Por lo tanto, el análisis recurrirá a las herramientas tradicionales del CADS (estadísticas, palabras clave y concordancias) para centrarse en cuestiones políticas comunes para España y el Reino Unido, como el Acuerdo de Retirada del Reino Unido de la UE, Gibraltar (un tema importante de contención en las relaciones entre ambos países) y cómo la primera ministra del Reino Unido, Theresa May, y su homólogo español, Pedro Sánchez, expresan sus actitudes y revelan sus posiciones ideológicas sobre la salida del Reino Unido de la UE.
La representación del Otro en el discurso sobre los espacios públicos en la prensa peruana: el caso de la pileta de Chorrillos
Authors: Alvarado Valladares Kristhel
Published: January 2025

En Perú, durante las últimas décadas, se viene discutiendo el derecho ciudadano al espacio público a raíz de la intensificación de medidas restrictivas y la circulación de retóricas sobre las “buenas” prácticas ciudadanas. Así, se instauran discursos sobre cómo debe ser usado el espacio. Considerando este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar cómo la prensa construye discursivamente un espacio público y sus usuarios. Se presta atención a las estrategias discursivas a las que recurre la prensa al reportar un evento en particular: el ingreso de individuos a una pileta en la ciudad de Lima. Para ello, se siguieron los principales postulados de la Psicología Discursiva, y de estudios sobre el espacio público y el racismo en el Perú. El hallazgo central es la identificación de dos representaciones dicotómicas: por un lado, la versión dominante considera la pileta como un espacio ornamental y otrifica a los que ingresaron a esta; por otro lado, una versión alterna configura la pileta como un espacio público que cumple con la función que los usuarios decidieron otorgarle en ese momento. De manera complementaria, se discute el abordaje (o la evasión) del tópico del racismo en algunos de los textos periodísticos analizados. Se concluye, entonces, que la prensa tiene un rol fundamental en la legimitación de ciertas interpretaciones acerca del uso del espacio, las cuales son acríticas y contribuyen a retóricas que buscan excluir a los Otros.
Os discursos feministas na configuração identitária de marcas femininas: uma investigação crítica do discurso
Authors: Borges Lorena Araújo de Oliveira , Santos Maria Alcione dos
Published: January 2025

Fundamentado na Análise de Discurso Crítica (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003; 2010; 2016), este estudo investiga como a marca de lingeries Pliê tem mobilizado os discursos feministas para configurar sua identidade de marca feminista e de que maneira isso contribui (ou não) para impulsionar outros modos de ser, de (con)viver e de saber sobre as mulheres em nossa sociedade. Para tanto, analisa cinco textos multimodais produzidos para a campanha “Todas por uma voz”, publicados em abril de 2022. A análise discursiva desses textos indica que a marca realiza femwashing, na medida em que esvazia temáticas e conceitos feministas por interesses mercadológicos, comercializando-os para obter lucro.
Cómo interactuamos con información falsa en las redes sociales: estudio de caso en Facebook
Authors: Gonzalez Espinosa Francisco , Cassany Comas Daniel
Published: January 2025

Analizamos las interacciones alrededor de posts falsos en una comunidad de Facebook de migrantes en Barcelona, dentro de un estudio más amplio sobre desinformación digital, para averiguar el comportamiento de los internautas en las redes sociales. Describimos y clasificamos la muestra de estudio de acuerdo al formato, la veracidad y los temas de los posts, con análisis del discurso y del contenido. Etiquetamos los comentarios en categorías según si aceptan acríticamente o no cada post e identificamos varias estrategias para rechazarlo o discutirlo. Los resultados muestran que hay más comentarios ante posts que contradicen nuestra visión del mundo, que la fuente de la información es determinante en la manera de interactuar y que se controvierte más desde las propias creencias que desde la objetividad de los hechos.
Brechas digitales y competencia digital: retos de las mujeres en la sociedad digital. Introducción
Authors: Gómez-Trigueros Isabel María , Carabias Álvaro Mónica
Published: January 2025

Introducción. Brechas digitales y competencia digital: retos de las mujeres en la sociedad digital. Introducción