bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replication and Reproduction: Crises in Psychology and Academic Labour
Authors: Callard Felicity
Published: February 2022

Discussions of the replication crisis in psychology require more substantive analysis of the crisis of academic labour and of social reproduction in the university. Both the replication crisis and the crisis of social reproduction in the university describe a failure in processes of reproducing something. The financial crisis of 2007–8 shortly preceded the emergence of the replication crisis, as well as exacerbated ongoing tendencies in the organisation and practices of university research (particularly the use of precarious contracts and the adjunctification of research). These provide two reasons to address these two named crises together. But many analyses of and responses to the replication crisis turn to research culture, often at the expense of adequate investigations of research labour. Today’s psychological sciences are made through multiple forms of labour: these include researchers, who range from senior principal investigators to sub-contracted, and exploited, research assistants; research participants/subjects, who include those providing labour for experiments via exploitative platforms including Amazon Mechanical Turk; and workers providing heterogeneous technical and administrative labour. Through understanding what is at stake for these multiple forms of labour, psychology might better analyse problems besetting psychology today, as well as develop different imaginaries and practices for how to address them.
Social Media Communication and Company Value: The Moderating Role of Industry Competitiveness
Authors: Golmohammadi Alireza , Gauri Dinesh K. , Mirahmad Hooman
Published: February 2022

Existing research demonstrates that industry competitiveness influences the effectiveness of marketing actions. However, limited scholarly attention has been paid to how service companies should communicate on social media under different levels of industry competitiveness. The current research seeks to address this gap in the literature by analyzing social media communication, brand impression, and financial data from two large samples of service companies and by employing state-of-the-art methods of machine learning. Study 1 demonstrates that industry competitiveness positively (negatively) moderates the impact of persuasive tone (volume) of social media communications on company value. We argue that these effects stem from investors’ expectations about the impact of these communication styles in facilitating differentiation and improving brand impressions in a congested competitive environment. Consistent with this mechanism, Study 2 reveals that as an industry becomes more cluttered, persuasive tone (volume) becomes more (less) effective in impacting consumers’ brand impressions. The findings provide important insights for service companies that operate under different levels of industry competitiveness.

[Formula: see text]
“I Know How to Advocate”: Parents’ Experiences in Advocating for Children and Youth Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Smith-Young Joanne , Chafe Roger , Audas Rick , Gustafson Diana L
Published: February 2022

Background:

Parental advocacy is a dynamic process that changes depending on the circumstances and needs of the child and parent. Communication deficits related to an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis often necessitate parental advocacy. This study describes how parents and caregivers of children and youth diagnosed with ASD engage in parental advocacy, the challenges they encounter and the advocacy skills they develop.

Method:

We used descriptive exploratory methodology informed by reflexive thematic analysis. The aim of the study was to explore advocacy in parents and caregivers of children and youth diagnosed with ASD.

Results:

We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 parents of children and youth with an ASD diagnosis living in 4 provinces of Atlantic Canada. The pathway in parents’ advocacy journey included: (1) Expressing concerns; (2) Seeking help, assessment, and diagnosis; (3) Acquiring services; (4) Removing barriers; and (5) Developing advocacy skills.

Conclusions:

Our findings illustrate the process of parental advocacy, skill development, and the barriers parents encounter in advocating for their children with ASD. Future research might explore how health professionals can support parents’ advocacy efforts.
A New Ingenious Enemy: Heat-Not-Burn Products
Authors: Kim Samuel CJ , Friedman Theodore C
Published: February 2022

While cigarette smoking is still a major source of morbidity and mortality, e-cigarette usage is skyrocketing, and the tobacco industry is finding new ways to market nicotine. With updated published research highlighting the dangers of cigarette smoking and now vaping, the industry has been developing new techniques and devices that circumvent this research to hook users on tobacco and nicotine. The FDA allowed Philip Morris International (PMI) to sell their heat not burn tobacco products known as iQOS in 2019. By 2019, 49 countries had permitted the sale of iQOS. This commentary summarizes the recent research on heat not burn cigarettes, also known as heated tobacco products and their effects on public policy. We urge policy makers to consider the research published regarding these new products and prevent the widespread use of these products that will harm public health.
Study on the lubrication of piston skirt-cylinder liner under the engine working conditions of different speeds and loads
Authors: Sun Jun , Zhu Jianxiong , Wang Hu , Zhao Xiaoyong , Teng Qin
Published: February 2022

The working condition (speed and load) of internal combustion engine is one of important factors affecting the lubrication performance of piston skirt-cylinder liner. In actual normal use, the working condition of internal combustion engine is constantly changed under different speeds and loads. However, the current lubrication performance of piston skirt-cylinder liner is analyzed generally under only one or several working conditions of internal combustion engine, in which the working conditions does not cover full range of different engine speeds and loads. In addition, it is generally assumed in current studies that the piston skirt is fully lubricated in all strokes of an engine working cycle. In this paper, a four-stroke internal combustion engine is taken as the research object, the lubrication performance of piston skirt-cylinder liner under full working condition range of internal combustion engine with different engine speeds and loads are analyzed, in which the lubrication status of piston skirt is determined by considering the actual lubricating oil transport. The results show that there are differences in the lubrication performance of piston skirt-cylinder liner under different working conditions of internal combustion engine. The rated working condition of internal combustion engine may not be the most unfavorable working condition to the lubrication performance of piston skirt. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the lubrication performance of piston skirt under full working condition range of internal combustion engine with different speeds and loads when the piston assembly is designed.
Embodied parallelism and immersion in virtual reality gaming
Authors: Bollmer Grant , Suddarth Adam
Published: February 2022

This article argues that virtual reality produces a sense of immersion through embodied parallelism – a technical mediation in which the embodied gestures and movements of a player must correspond to what is represented within a VR game, a correspondence which relies on, but exceeds the visual and requires strange requirements for both player (in terms of their gestures and movements) and game (in terms of including particular limits that police the movements of the player’s body). Attending to embodied parallelism refuses several longstanding assumptions about how virtual reality technologies, and media in general, generate the feeling of immersion – namely, the idea that immersion ‘disembodies’ in some way, or denies the existence of physical space beyond the boundary of a mediated simulation. Immersivity is premised on an explicit engagement with – and not exclusion of – both the physicality of the body and the physicality of a medium, if in deeply contradictory ways. As a case study to develop this concept, this article discusses the emerging virtual reality genre of ‘physics games’, games including, but not limited to, Blade & Sorcery, Boneworks and Half-Life: Alyx. These games take great lengths to simulate the physics of objects – they require simultaneously intrusive and yet ‘natural’ interfaces, in which the game demands the body to move as if it were manipulating objects that have a specific mass. Becoming ‘good’ at these games depends on the ability to discipline the body and conform to the demands of movement required by the simulation. Immersion, in this context, depends on a willingness to submit to these machinic, embodied demands, relying both explicitly on technical form but deliberately forgetting the materiality of gesture and mediation at the same time. This seeming contradiction, an engagement with both the materiality of gesture and the materiality of medium, is ‘solved’ through embodied parallelism and how it links player and game.
“They tell us little and we end up being confused”: Parent–child communication on familial experiences of genocide and its aftermath in Rwanda
Authors: Ingabire Chantal Marie , Kagoyire Grace , Habarugira Nicolas , Rutayisire Theoneste , Richters Annemiek
Published: February 2022

In the current study we explore how Rwandan youth negotiate, within the family setting, a myriad of social and interpersonal dilemmas around silence and disclosure of genocide-related experiences of their parents. The study draws primarily on individual interviews and focus group discussions with 20 children of genocide survivor and perpetrator parents in the western and eastern provinces of Rwanda. Using the conceptual framework of social navigation which theorizes agency in a fluid, often unpredictable, and constantly moving social environment, we focus specifically on the difficult and often contradictory complex of factors that drive the communication strategies and tactics of the children as they seek information to understand the past of their parents. This includes the children’s urge to get to know the specific stories of their family but fearing the emotional disruption it may cause in the parent–child relationship; the push–pull dynamics of the parents wanting to disclose some experiences but admonishing silence on others; and the often ambiguous divergences between the public and private discourses. Our findings show that the steadiest navigational point guiding communication choices, made by both parents and their offspring, was a desire to contribute to a peaceful social environment, and to reduce the risk of future violence. We present emerging evidence suggesting that community-based sociotherapy, a program that includes healing the social space and not only intrapsychic wounds, may contribute to a steadier navigation of the tricky communication issues, enhancing psychosocial wellbeing.
Exploring the populist ‘mind’: Anxiety, fantasy, and everyday populism
Authors: Kinnvall Catarina , Svensson Ted
Published: February 2022

This article is focused on the appeal of far-right populist politics in the everyday and how this appeal is related to continuity and change in the global order. Contemporary societies have witnessed an upsurge of populist movements and groups set on filling a political space by appealing to a population in search of solutions to an ever-changing political and economic landscape. Here, we specifically highlight the role of ontological insecurity, fantasy narratives, and emotional governance as critical for understanding far-right populist politics. The analysis consequently attends to the centrality of gendered and racialised narratives and to how these are fuelled by feelings of pride, shame, vulnerability, and insecurity. The aim is to show how structures and emotions work in tandem to create far-right support and how these developments are similar across Western and non-Western contexts. Particular attention is paid to far-right narratives that pertain to the Covid-19 pandemic.
What we do in the shadows: dual industrial policy during the Thatcher governments, 1979–1990
Authors: Woodward Richard , Silverwood James
Published: February 2022

Selective industrial policy in the United Kingdom is conventionally believed to have vanished prior to the global financial crisis. This article, in contrast, argues that industrial policy remained an intrinsic, if seldom acknowledged, element of neoliberal statecraft. The basis of this is a subterfuge, conceptualised here as a ‘dual industrial policy’, which we explore via an empirical focus on the Thatcher governments. Throughout this time, actions explicitly endorsed by governments as industrial policy generally corresponded with neoliberalism’s hostility to intervention. These conveniently distracted attention from a second set of policies which, although never codified by government as industrial policy, were intended to affect the allocation of resources between economic activity. Analysis of official government publications and expenditure reveals that industrial policy expenditure under Thatcher was far higher than customarily reported. The United Kingdom’s approach has important implications for debates about neoliberal resilience, especially neoliberalism’s capacity to conscript apparently contradictory ideas.
Digital surveillance: Monitoring the activity of Internet users searching for information related to early childhood caries
Authors: Aguirre Patricia Estefanía A , Lotto Matheus , Strieder Anna Paola , Cruvinel Thiago
Published: February 2022

This study evaluated the behavior of Internet users from seven countries through the analysis of the monthly variation of the Relative Search Volume (RSV) for queries related to early childhood caries (ECC), retrieved by Google Trends application programming interface between January 2004 to December 2020. The association of RSV with years lived with disability (YLDs) for untreated dental caries in deciduous teeth and Internet penetration were tested by regression models. Forecasting models were developed to predict the interests until December 2021. Relevant topics linked to searches were assessed qualitatively. Increasing levels of interests were observed in most countries, regarding the comparison of periods 2004–2012 and 2013–2021, without influence of seasonality. These results were associated with YLDs only in France and with the Internet penetration in Mexico and France. Searches were mostly related to the definition, risk factors, and preventive care of ECC. The interests of Internet users in ECC-related information increased in the last years in all seven countries, although it was maintained low over time. It might indicate a lack of awareness about the negative consequences of the disease in the early stages of life. Specific policies should be developed toward the dissemination of oral health information and the prevention of the disease.
Using viscous resistance system based on machine learning in engineering concrete structures
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Q
Published: February 2022

Through the combination of two approaches to evaluating structure change, a structural model and an unstructured model, a constructed model has been proposed in this article that evaluates structural change through the expansion of a linear model following the Hooke’s Law principle. The study has relied on the pure compression model of a structure’s concrete beam with elastic modulus ( E) and has added the coefficient of viscosity resistance ( C) to suggest a new evaluation method. By defining the aggregation of values of both coefficients C and E through the experimental model, the input parameters are the amplitude values of the vibration spectra and the values of frequencies based on machine learning, through which Z EC values are generated. The Z EC values determine a regression plane accumulated from the aggregation of values for both C and E. The article has introduced the Z EC concept as a useful parameter for the assessment of the quality of concrete structures by the nonlinear model with the appearance of the coefficient C. The results show that the Z EC values have expressed the distribution validity according to the structure’s differing degrees of change. Depending on the texture type and the structure status, these Z EC values will form different shapes. By implementing the actual surveys from many bridges with two types of beam structures, prestressed concrete and conjugated concrete, the Z EC values show the same development trend. On the contrary, in the case of a change in mechanical structure, the Z EC values tend to increase. This evidence proves, in regard to the process of structural change, that the larger the changes in the structure, the more pronounced the distribution of Z EC values, and the wider the distribution range. This shows that the ratio of the damping coefficient C to the elastic modulus E will become increasingly unstable as the structure becomes weaker and weaker. In the future, the results from this study can be applied in the assessment of many types of actual structures.
Withania somnifera Modulates Radiation-Induced Generation of Lung Cancer Stem Cells via Restraining the Hedgehog Signaling Factors
Authors: Moustafa Enas Mahmoud , Abdel Salam Hemat Sameeh , Mansour Somaya Zakaria
Published: February 2022

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in the genesis, development, and recurrence of lung cancer (LC) with great resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to assess the inhibitory potential of ethanol extract of Withania somnifera (WS); 500 mg/kg body-weight/day and 8 Gy of ionizing radiation (IR) could inhibit the stemness gene and confer the radiosensitizing effect of W. somnifera extract in the female rat LC model. Compared to IR or WS, the in vitro assay showed that WS + IR potentiates proliferation-inhibition and cell death of the A-549 cell line and suppresses sphere formation. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling associated with the expression levels of lung CSC markers, octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4), SRY-box 2 (SOX2), CD133, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2), and NANOG was upregulated with stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicators α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Drosophila embryonic protein (SNAIL-1), Vimentin, and E-cadherin in the LC rat model. The W. somnifera extract plus IR inhibits Hh activation factors, which has resulted in the suppression of CSC gene markers and EMT factors. W. somnifera extract may be a significant adjuvant in the course of radiotherapy, contributing to the termination of tumor progression, and thus providing cure insights into the molecular mechanisms of lung CSCs intervention.
Applying Joint Painting Procedure to Understand Implicit Mother–Child Relationship in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Miao Wong Anne Chun , Hung Ho Rainbow Tin
Published: February 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a severe and prevalent global problem. It can damage women who survive it and children who witness it. Nurturing the mother–child relationship is critical to support mothers’ and children’s recovery. Research to date has mainly reflected information captured from conscious, verbal accounts by women and their children of explicit relationships. There is a lack of research on implicit relationships involving nonverbal and unconscious interactions that can be difficult to verbalize, especially for children. This is the first paper that describes the application of an art-based method, Joint Painting Procedure (JPP) with Chinese mother–child dyads who survived IPV to study their implicit relationship. It was conducted in a shelter for abused women in Hong Kong. Mother–child dyad was considered “partners,” and JPP was used in novel ways of promoting their agency and strengths, which became the key to turning difficulties in the data collection process into advantages. The dyads mutually enjoyed their co-creation process; however, this did not guarantee their engagement in the post-painting discussion. To facilitate this, a post-painting discussion guide was co-developed to encourage dyads to exercise their agency and strengths, decide what to present in their discussions, and how to do this. JPP and the discussion guide created a synergistic way to optimize children’s active participation, uncover mothers' needs of personal space boundaries and encourage children to learn to respect it, facilitate open dyadic dialogues, and allow reflection in a relaxed setting. Dyads’ participation in JPP and the post-painting discussions elicited information that would have been otherwise challenging to obtain. This approach can improve understanding of the mother–child relationship in the context of IPV that may imply that the art-based dyadic process can be an effective approach to rebuild and restrengthen the mother–child relationship in the post-separation stage of IPV.
Relative localization of swarm robotics based on the polar method
Authors: Wang Sunxin , Li Yuhua , Zhang Shaohua , Wang Bingchao , Yang Hong’an
Published: February 2022

This article proposed a simple and efficient method for relative localization of swarm robotics. Firstly, the relative localization module of the micro-robot is designed to be composed of a compass and several pairs of infrared transceiver sensors evenly arranged on the edge of the robot. Based on the existing relative localization method and combined with the relative localization module, an improved relative localization method for swarm robots named as polar method is proposed, which includes distance calculation, relative direction calculation, and coordinates conversion. After that, a set of localization rules is designed to apply this method to the swarm system, which mainly include establishment of reference coordinate system, localization of the adjacent layer of the seed robot, and localization between layers, so that the initial coordinates of all robots can be obtained directly with only one seed robot. Then we described the implementation process of dynamic localization of swarm robots based on the initial static localization in the edge detour motion mode. Finally, the feasibility and flexibility of this localization method are verified by experiments on the swarm robotic platform, and the localization method is applied to realize the shape formation of swarm robots.
Beware what lurks on the surface – persistent contamination of high-touch surfaces on slit lamps despite regular cleaning
Authors: Chan Cassandra XC , Lau Berdjette YY , Ng Xin Le , Lim Dawn KA , Lim Blanche XH , Lim Chris HL
Published: February 2022

High-touch surfaces contributing to infection transmission are particularly concerning in the ophthalmology clinic where frequent contact exists between ophthalmologists and various ophthalmic instruments. Areas of surface contamination from an ophthalmologist’s contact with the slit lamp environment were identified using ultraviolet fluorescence as a surrogate for pathogen contamination. Ultraviolet fluorescent product was applied on the ophthalmologist’s hands after thorough hand washing to indicate the contamination that may be derived from multiple sources in the ophthalmology clinic, such as touching the patient or the patient’s folder during eye examinations and transfers. The ophthalmology clinic was run normally, with the ophthalmologist wiping down patient-contact surfaces on the slit lamp and performing thorough hand hygiene after every patient. Using ultraviolet black light, persistence of surface contamination in the slit lamp environment was identified and evaluated across five days. High-touch surfaces of suboptimal disinfection were inclined towards those touched only by the ophthalmologist, for example: joystick and chin-rest adjustment knob, as compared to patient-contact surfaces. Persistent contamination on the same surfaces revealed inefficacy of current hand hygiene and clinical disinfection practices. This poses a significant risk for pathogen transmission and underscores the importance of including these specific clinician high-touch surfaces in existing cleaning protocols.
Framing matters but varies: a semantic network analysis of media representations of post-Fukushima food imports across three Chinese societies
Authors: Wang Xiao , Huang Yi-Hui Christine , Zhang Maggie Mengqing
Published: February 2022

There is a remarkable gap between scientific experts and the nonscientific public regarding the safety of food imported from nuclear-contaminated areas in Japan. How socio-scientific issues such as post-Fukushima food imports are framed in media discourse may have effects on the way people perceive and reason about potential threats, and, in turn, influence government-initiated policies and regulations. In this study, semantic network analysis is performed to examine the diverse media representations of post-Fukushima food imports across information-seeking sources (mass media and search-based media) and three Chinese societies (Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Taiwan). We found that media representation of the crisis differs across sources and sociopolitical contexts. It is also discussed how these channel-specific and contextual factors may affect public opinion. This knowledge can enhance regulatory authorities’ informed decision-making about food safety issues, guide crisis professionals’ communication efforts, and call for a more context-sensitive approach to public health crisis management.
A single-nucleotide-polymorphism in the 5′-flanking region of MSX1 gene as a predictive marker candidate for platinum-based therapy of esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Ueno Kazuko , Tokunaga Katsushi , Kawai Yosuke , Matsuda Koichi , Nishida Nao , Komine Keigo , Saito Sakae , Nagasaki Masao ,   The BioBank Japan Project
Published: February 2022

Background:

Platinum derivatives are important treatment options for patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC), and a predictive marker for platinum-based therapy is needed for precision medicine.

Patients and methods:

This study contained two cohorts consisting of EC patients treated using platinum-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) as the first-line and another external cohort of nationwide clinicogenomic data from the BioBank Japan (BBJ).

Results:

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of therapeutic outcomes, refractory disease or not, following platinum-based CRT as first-line in 94 patients in the first cohort suggested the association of 89 SNPs using p < 0.0001. The top 10 SNPs selected from each chromosomal region by odds ratio were evaluated for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) hazard ratios in the first cohort, resulting in four candidates ( p < 0.0025). The four selected candidates were re-evaluated in another cohort of 24 EC patients, which included patients prospectively enrolled in this study to fulfill the sample size statistically suggested by the results of the first cohort, and of the four, only rs3815544 was replicated ( p < 0.0125). Furthermore, this candidate genotype of rs3815544 proceeded to the re-evaluation study in an external cohort consisting of EC patients treated with platinum derivatives and/or by radiation therapy as the first-line treatment in BBJ, which confirmed that the alternative allele (G) of rs3815544 was statistically associated with non-response (SD or PD) to platinum-based therapy in EC patients (odds ratio = 1.801, p = 0.048). The methylation QTL database as well as online clinicogenomic databases suggested that the region including rs3815544 may regulate MSX1 expression through CpG methylation, and this down-regulation was statistically associated with poor prognosis after platinum-based therapies for EC.

Conclusion:

rs3815544 is a novel candidate predictive marker for platinum-based EC therapy.
Impact of lack of face-to-face schooling during COVID-19 confinement on family quality of life of children with disabilities and typical development
Authors: Palomo-Carrión Rocío , Romero-Galisteo Rita-Pilar , Romay-Barrero Helena , Cortés-Vega María-Dolores , Casuso-Holgado María-Jesús , Pinero-Pinto Elena
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the lack of face-to-face schooling during the COVID-19 confinement on the family quality of life of children aged 3–6 years with hemiplegia, obstetrical brachial palsy, and typical development.

Materials and Methods:

An observational and cross-sectional study, using an online survey hosted in Google Forms from October to December 2020, was performed in families with children with infantile hemiplegia, obstetrical brachial palsy, and typical development aged 3–6 years living in Spain. The quality of life and family impact (measured through Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaires, PedsQL™) were evaluated, as well as the affected upper limb side, the presence of other associated problems, the parents’ job, lack of use of the affected upper limb, and the type of online intervention using different channels: phone calls, emails, and video calls. Family expectations on the treatment and on their acquired capacity to solve problems related to their children were also measured.

Results:

A total of 93 families participated in the study and the children’s quality of life and family impact obtained a strong correlation in three populations: infantile hemiplegia ( r = 0.844), obstetrical brachial palsy ( r = 0.513), and typical development ( r = 0.904). There was no association between quality of life and online intervention (phone calls and emails were selected), p > 0.05.

Conclusion:

The deprivation of schooling coupled with home confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic had a greater impact on the quality of life of children with disabilities: infantile hemiplegia and obstetrical brachial palsy than on typically developing children and on their families. However, the online intervention did not produce improvements in quality of life, which could be a consequence of using emails or phone calls instead of video calls to interact with the families.
The Perception of “Intelligent” Design in Visual Structure
Authors: Schmidt Filipp
Published: February 2022

Many objects in our visual environment will appear to us either as a consequence of “intelligent” design—the purposeful action of an animal mind—or as a consequence of self-organization in response to nature's forces—for example, wind or gravity. Here, the origin of this distinction is studied by collecting human judgements about skeletal representations of objects, that reduce objects to their basic visual structure. The results suggest that humans attribute an animate origin to visual objects with basic structures exhibiting straight lines and right angles.
Digital well-being in an age of mobile connectivity: An introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Vanden Abeele Mariek M. P. , Nguyen Minh Hao
Published: February 2022

Although the ubiquitous connectivity afforded by mobile media brings benefits to people’s work, social, and leisure lives, these benefits are sometimes overshadowed by the burdens of 24/7 connectivity, which challenge the well-being of individuals and society. Digital well-being is an emerging concept that refers to how people experience these benefits and burdens. This Special Issue brings together five articles that push the boundaries of digital well-being research by shedding light on the opportunities and challenges that people experience in relation to mobile connectivity, exploring the role of digital disconnection for digital well-being, and theorizing the conceptual underpinnings of digital well-being. In this editorial, we first give a definitional overview of the digital well-being concept and situate it in the field of mobile media and communication scholarship. Next, we identify two key issues that emerge from the Special Issue, and explain how the individual articles further our understanding of them. These issues are: (a) the strong conceptual link between digital well-being and digital disconnection; and (b) the conceptual difference between digital well-being as a psychological condition and as a socio-cultural artefact. To end, we present a future research agenda on digital well-being by first identifying current knowledge gaps, and next highlighting several themes that we anticipate as crucial in the forthcoming decade of digital well-being research in an age of mobile connectivity.
Grøn Genstart: A quali-quantitative micro-history of a political idea in real-time
Authors: Isfeldt Annika SH , Enggaard Thyge R , Blok Anders , Pedersen Morten A
Published: February 2022

In this study, we build on a recent social data scientific mapping of Danish environmentalist organizations and activists during the COVID-19 lockdown in order to sketch a distinct genre of digital social research that we dub a quali-quantitative micro-history of ideas in real-time. We define and exemplify this genre by tracing and tracking the single political idea and activist slogan of grøn genstart (‘green restart’) across Twitter and other public–political domains. Specifically, we achieve our micro-history through an iterative and mutual attuning between computational and netnographic registers and techniques, in ways that contribute to the nascent field of computational anthropology. By documenting the serial ways in and different steps through which our inquiry was continually fed and enhanced by crossing over from (n)ethnographic observation to computational exploration, and vice versa, we offer up our grøn genstart case account as exemplary of wider possibilities in this line of inquiry. In particular, we position the genre of micro-history of ideas in real-time within the increasingly wide and heterogeneous space of digital social research writ large, including its established concerns with ‘big and broad’ social data, the repurposing of computational ‘interface’ techniques for socio-cultural research, as well as diverse aspirations for deploying digital data within novel combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods.
Influence government: Exploring practices, ethics, and power in the use of targeted advertising by the UK state
Authors: Collier Ben , Flynn Gemma , Stewart James , Thomas Daniel
Published: February 2022

We have identified an emerging tool being used by the UK government across a range of public bodies in the service of public policy - the online targeted advertising infrastructure and the practices, consultancy firms, and forms of expertise which have grown up around it. This reflects an intensification and adaptation of a broader ‘behavioural turn’ in the governmentality of the UK state and the increasing sophistication of everyday government communications. Contemporary UK public policy is fusing with the powerful tools for behaviour change created by the platform economy. Operational data and associated systems of classification and profiling from public bodies are being hybridised with traditional consumer marketing profiles and then ‘projected’ onto the classification systems of the targeted advertising infrastructures. This is not simply a case of algorithms being used for sorting, surveilling, and scoring; rather this suggests that targeted interventions in the cultural and behavioural life of communities are now a core part of governmental power which is being algorithmically-driven, in combination with influencer networks, traditional forms of messaging, and frontline operational practices. We map these uses and practices of what we describe as the ‘Surveillance Influence Infrastructure’, identifying key ethical issues and implications which we believe have yet to be fully investigated or considered. What we find particularly striking is the coming-together of two separate structures of power - the governmental turn to behaviourism and prevention on one hand, and the infrastructures of targeting and influence (and their complex tertiary markets) on the other. We theorise this as a move beyond ‘nudge’ or ‘behavioural science’ approaches, towards a programme which we term ‘influence government’.
Comparing the usability of a virtual reality manual wheelchair simulator in two display conditions
Authors: Alapakkam Govindarajan Mrityunjaya A , Archambault Philippe S , Laplante-El Haili Youri
Published: February 2022

Virtual reality (VR) simulators can help train manual wheelchair skills. Transfer of skills from the virtual to the real world may depend on the sense of presence, or of being “in” the virtual environment.

Objectives

To compare 1) the usability (in terms of performance, overall experience, and satisfaction), as well as 2) the sense of presence, in a wheelchair simulator with two display conditions: a head-mounted display (HMD) or a computer monitor.

Methods

Sixteen healthy adults practiced in the wheelchair simulator, first with a computer monitor display and then with an HMD. Task performance, cybersickness, presence, and overall experience in VR were assessed.

Results

Four of the participants were unable to complete all tasks in the HMD condition. When comparing the two display conditions, performance was the same, except for one task (bathroom) which took longer with the computer monitor. The HMD condition was rated as significantly higher in terms of sense of presence and VR experience but provoked more intense symptoms of cybersickness.

Discussion

Use of an HMD increased symptoms of cybersickness, with small gains in wheelchair performance. Thus, the use of an HMD may be warranted for the training of wheelchair skills, if tolerated by participants.
Wikipedia as Open Educational Practice: Experiential Learning, Critical Information Literacy, and Social Justice
Authors: McDowell Zachary J. , Vetter Matthew A.
Published: February 2022

Building on previous research related to information literacy and learning with Wikipedia, this article interprets Wikipedia editing practices as fulfilling the Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education to better understand Wikipedia pedagogy as an Open Educational Practice (OEP) that promotes critical information literacy and social justice. Drawing primarily on data from a large-scale study conducted with students and instructors engaged in Wikipedia-based assignments in the fall of 2016, the authors explore how Wikipedia-based pedagogies directly map on to knowledge practices and dispositions related to authority, information value and process, research, and scholarship as conversation, as presented in the ACRL’s Framework. Description and analysis of these “frames,” and the relevant policies and pedagogical practices engaged in Wikipedia-based assignments, ultimately underscore how viewing Wikipedia as enabling OEPs promotes social justice through improving knowledge equity, understanding and combating systemic biases, and supporting first-generation students’ success.
Cooperative Learning as a Pathway to Strengthening Motivation and Improving Achievement in an EFL Classroom
Authors: Bećirović Senad , Dubravac Vildana , Brdarević-Čeljo Amna
Published: February 2022

The importance of applying cooperative learning and aiming toward an increase in motivation to maximize the effectiveness of the learning process has not sparked an intense research interest in the Bosnian EFL context. Thus, the current study, conducted among 211 high-school participants, explores the impact of gender and grade level on students’ cooperative learning and motivation for EFL learning and aims to determine whether any cooperative learning components are significant predictors of students’ motivation and their EFL achievement. The findings showed no significant gender and grade level differences in cooperative learning and motivation. Additionally, the results revealed that individual accountability and interpersonal skills are significant predictors of participants’ motivation and that promotive interaction and interpersonal skills are significant predictors of their EFL achievement. The research points to the importance of incorporating cooperative learning strategies and motivation-strengthening activities into EFL teaching, which will eventually lead to the improvement in students’ EFL achievements.
Using a Historical Institutionalism Perspective to Examine Chinese Foundations’ Development Characteristics From the 1980s to 2017
Authors: Ji Min
Published: February 2022

This paper adopted a historical institutionalist framework to identify the major developmental stages of Chinese foundations that were established from the 1980s onward and examined their emergence and evolution. By examining primary and secondary data, and conducing statistical analysis results, this study demonstrates Chinese foundations’ developmental characteristics from 2008 to 2017. The emergence of public fundraising foundations (PFFs) has followed in the wake of the developmental path of such foundations; the government’s intention has been to use them to supplement the functions of administrative departments. Subsequent developments demonstrate that there was a stronger relationship between the working model of each PFF and the developmental direction of the entire foundation in relationship to previous developments regarding the state. Such foundations have increased rapidly since 2004, and interactions of foundations with grassroots NGOs started in 2008. However, later interactions with grassroots NGOs did not have a transformative effect on the operation of these foundations. This study’s findings reveal that, in China, government-affiliated foundations formulated their own approaches for fundraising and for creating and using operating models; furthermore, right from the early stages, Chinese foundations excluded grassroots NGOs from their operating mechanisms.
Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis: Cutaneous, Soft Tissue, Osseous, and “Shotgun Intraparenchymal” Brain Disease
Authors: Sharifi Saman , Sharma Rupam , Heidari Arash , Johnson Royce H.
Published: February 2022

Coccidioidomycosis is a disease found in the southwestern United States and caused by inhalation of arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis and posadasii. Although the disease is most commonly asymptomatic or respiratory, it has a propensity to disseminate to any tissue in the body with the most common being skin, bone, joints, and central nervous system. This case demonstrates the dissemination of coccidioidomycosis to several foci along with a rare form of parenchymal dissemination with an unusual neuroradiological finding.
Motivational Climate Predicts Student Evaluations of Teaching: Relationships Between Students’ Course Perceptions, Ease of Course, and Evaluations of Teaching
Authors: Jones Brett D. , Miyazaki Yasuo , Li Mengyun , Biscotte Stephen
Published: February 2022

Student evaluations of teaching (SETs) are important at most colleges and universities. One purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which motivational climate was associated with SETs. Another purpose was to determine whether course ease was associated with SETs. Participants included 2,949 undergraduate students from 30 courses at a large public university. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we examined the extent to which students’ motivation-related course perceptions (empowerment/autonomy, usefulness, success expectancies, situational interest, and caring) related to SETs at the student and class levels. SETs were highly associated with motivational climate. Furthermore, easier courses were rated lower by students when controlling for motivational climate and the demographical composition of the class. These findings highlight the association between the motivational climate and SETs and suggest that one way to improve SETs may be for instructors to focus on improving the motivational climate rather than making the course easier.
Assessing a Capstone Research Project in Medical Training: Examiner Consistency Using Generic Versus Domain-Specific Rubrics
Authors: Reid Katharine J. , Chiavaroli Neville G. , Bilszta Justin L. C.
Published: February 2022

Rubrics are utilized extensively in tertiary contexts to assess student performance on written tasks; however, their use for assessment of research projects has received little attention. In particular, there is little evidence on the reliability of examiner judgements according to rubric type (general or specific) in a research context. This research examines the concordance between pairs of examiners assessing a medical student research project during a two-year period employing a generic rubric followed by a subsequent two-year implementation of task-specific rubrics. Following examiner feedback, and with consideration to the available literature, we expected the task-specific rubrics would increase the consistency of examiner judgements and reduce the need for arbitration due to discrepant marks. However, in contrast, results showed that generic rubrics provided greater consistency of examiner judgements and fewer arbitrations compared with the task-specific rubrics. These findings have practical implications for educational practise in the assessment of research projects and contribute valuable empirical evidence to inform the development and use of rubrics in medical education.
Emotion-related impulsivity: Testing a model of arousal effects on cognitive control
Authors: Pearlstein Jennifer G. , Johnson Sheri L. , Madole James W. , Modavi Kiana
Published: February 2022

The trait-based tendency to respond rashly to emotions is robustly tied to many forms of psychopathology and poor behavioural outcomes, including aggression and suicidality. Researchers have found associations between response inhibition and emotion-related impulsivity; however, effect sizes are often small. Because emotion-related impulsivity emerges in the context of heightened positive and negative emotions, arousal is a candidate trigger of impulsivity. The goals of the present study were to (1) replicate the association between emotion-related impulsivity and response inhibition, and (2) test whether emotion-related impulsivity is associated with arousal-induced decays in response inhibition performance. Participants ( N = 55) completed a self-report measure of emotion-related impulsivity, and then completed a computer-based response inhibition task (the antisaccade task, in which participants must make a rapid saccadic eye movement away from a cue rather than toward it) before and after a well-validated stress induction (the Trier Social Stress Test). Psychophysiological indices of arousal were measured throughout the session. Findings provide partial support for the association between emotion-related impulsivity and pre-stress response inhibition. Contrary to hypotheses, emotion-related impulsivity did not interact with arousal to predict post-stress response inhibition performance after controlling for pre-stress response inhibition performance. Future research is needed to consider clinical samples and to assess whether emotion-related impulsivity is related to deficits in other facets of cognitive control and decision-making.