bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genes on syndromic and idiopathic CTEV: A systematic review
Authors: Muhammad Hilmi , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Magetsari Rahadyan , Karsten Shannen , Saraswati Paramita Ayu
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is a common but understudied developmental disease of the lower limb. The cause of congenital clubfoot is unclear, and the role of environmental and genetic factors remains unknown. Idiopathic CTEV and syndromic CTEV have rather different clinical features, proposed etiopathogenetic mechanisms, and treatment options. This study aimed to provide an update on the genes involved in idiopathic and syndromic CTEV.

Methods

We conducted this systematic review according to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, only papers that have been published from the year 2019 until the search date was included. Three medical electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and European PMC) were searched by a single author on October 24th, 2021. The titles and abstracts were screened where studies of any level of evidence reporting clinical or preclinical results published from 2019 onwards, mentioned gene(s) involved in cases presenting with CTEV (idiopathic and syndromic) were included. Data were synthesized with use of the Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA).

Results

Fifty-three studies were included and analyzed in this paper, which met all inclusion criteria (11 articles that discussed genes involved in the presence of isolated CTEV and 42 articles for syndromes with CTEV phenotypes). The top three individual genes mentioned were PITX1, MTHFR, and ZC4H2 for the idiopathic, also HOX D13, SLC 26A2, and TBX4 for the syndromic. The top three family genes related to CTEV were HOX family, CASP family, and COL family. According to the results, the most often involved in idiopathic CTEV is HOX gene. Including studies of any level of evidence reporting clinical or preclinical results that mentioned gene(s) involved in cases presenting with CTEV carries a greater risk of being due to multiple biases. High heterogeneity and the paucity of high-profile studies on the etiology of CTEV also sets a major limitation for this study.

Conclusions

Genetic play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic and syndromic CTEV. PITX1 and MTHFR gene are the most frequently mentioned individual gene for idiopathic CTEV, whereas ZC4H2 gene being the most mentioned for syndromic CTEV. The HOX family genes were also found to be associated with both phenotypes.

Highlights
Market or State
Authors: Lu Longjie
Published: September 2022

This book investigates the pre-crisis practice of bankers' remuneration in the UK to provide evidence of the problems in practice. It critically analyses the regulatory initiatives implemented after the crisis and investigates the post-crisis practice to reflect the effects and problems of the regulation. The book also discusses the traditional administration of remuneration and political incentives in Chinese banks and the regulatory initiatives for reforming bankers' remuneration. It investigates the recent practices in major Chinese banks to reveal the problems of the regulatory initiatives and the impact of political incentives. It will help academics, researchers, students and practitioners develop a comprehensive understanding of the ongoing reform of bankers' remuneration in the UK and the uniqueness of banks' remuneration systems and incentive mechanisms in China. Furthermore, it provides theoretical insights into the differences between the two jurisdictions in their regulations and practices and the deep-seated reasons for the differences.
Physics of Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Feder Jens , Flekkøy Eirik Grude , Hansen Alex
Published: September 2022

An invaluable reference for graduate students and academic researchers, this book introduces the basic terminology, methods and theory of the physics of flow in porous media. Geometric concepts, such as percolation and fractals, are explained and simple simulations are created, providing readers with both the knowledge and the analytical tools to deal with real experiments. It covers the basic hydrodynamics of porous media and how complexity emerges from it, as well as establishing key connections between hydrodynamics and statistical physics. Covering current concepts and their uses, this book is of interest to applied physicists and computational/theoretical Earth scientists and engineers seeking a rigorous theoretical treatment of this topic. Physics of Flow in Porous Media fills a gap in the literature by providing a physics-based approach to a field that is mostly dominated by engineering approaches.
Divided Environments
Authors: Selby Jan , Daoust Gabrielle , Hoffmann Clemens
Published: September 2022

What are the implications of climate change for twenty-first-century conflict and security? Rising temperatures, it is often said, will bring increased drought, more famine, heightened social vulnerability, and large-scale political and violent conflict; indeed, many claim that this future is already with us. Divided Environments, however, shows that this is mistaken. Focusing especially on the links between climate change, water and security, and drawing on detailed evidence from Israel-Palestine, Syria, Sudan and elsewhere, it shows both that mainstream environmental security narratives are misleading, and that the actual security implications of climate change are very different from how they are often imagined. Addressing themes as wide-ranging as the politics of droughts, the contradictions of capitalist development and the role of racism in environmental change, while simultaneously articulating an original 'international political ecology' approach to the study of socio-environmental conflicts, Divided Environments offers a new and important interpretation of our planetary future.
The Procedural and Organisational Law of the European Court of Justice
Authors: Krenn Christoph
Published: September 2022

How should judges of the European Court of Justice be selected, who should participate in the Court's proceedings and how should judgments be drafted? These questions have remained blind spots in the normative literature on the Court. This book aims to address them. It describes a vast, yet incomplete transformation: Originally, the Court was based on a classic international law model of court organisation and decision-making. Gradually, the concern for the effectiveness of EU law led to the reinvention of its procedural and organisational design. The role of the judge was reconceived as that of a neutral expert, an inner circle of participants emerged and the Court became more hierarchical. While these developments have enabled the Court to make EU law uniquely effective, they have also created problems from a democratic perspective. The book argues that it is time to democratise the Court and shows ways to do this.
Heretical Orthodoxy
Authors: Kolstø Pål
Published: September 2022

Lev Tolstoi was not only one of the world's most famous writers, he was also a deeply concerned thinker and hugely influential critic of the Church whose impact was felt long after his death. For an entire generation, Tolstoi set the agenda for ethical and religious thought, in Russia and beyond. Most of Tolstoi's main ideas drew on his Christian heritage – selected and creatively combined. While he claimed that his life's work consisted of rediscovering the pure doctrine of Christ as it had been before the Church perverted it, in fact he radically reinterpreted the Christian faith he had encountered in his own life, Russian Orthodoxy. This book offers a new and comprehensive account of Tolstoi's relationship with the Orthodox Church and its teachings, and shows how the Russian Church reacted to the “Tolstoi phenomenon” and attempted to counteract the influence of this new “heretic" - with scant success.
German Jews and the University, 1678-1848
Authors: Richarz Monika
Published: September 2022

Traces the gradual opening of university education in Germany to Jews, its significance for assimilation to the bourgeoisie, and the legal restrictions that nonetheless barred Jewish graduates from most professional careers.
Dante's Gluttons
Authors: Callegari Danielle
Published: September 2022

Dante's Gluttons: Food and Society from the Convivio to the Comedy explores how, in his work, medieval Italian poet Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) uses food to articulate, reinforce, criticize, and correct the social, political, and cultural values of his time. Combining medieval history, food studies, and literary criticism, Dante's Gluttons historicizes food and eating in Dante, beginning in his earliest collected poetry and arriving at the end of his major work. For Dante, the consumption of food is not a frivolity, but a crux of life in the most profound sense of the term, and gluttony is the abdication of civic and spiritual responsibility and a danger to the individual body and soul as well as to the collective. This book establishes how one of the world's preeminent authors uses the intimacy and universality of food as a touchstone, communicating through a gastronomic language rooted in the deeply human relationship with material sustenance.
Translingualism, Translation and Caribbean
Poetry
Authors: de Windt Ayoubi Hilda , Muysken Pieter C.
Published: September 2022

Linguists estimate
that there are around 7,000 languages in the world, but many are
under threat. Translingualism, Translation and
Caribbean Poetry is a multi-language poetry collection
comprising over fifty translations of Curaçao poet Hilda de
Windt Ayoubi’s ‘Lenga di mama’ (‘Mother Tongue’), alongside
three additional poems, each providing a different perspective
on the mother tongue. De Windt Ayoubi’s sharp and socially
charged poetry has inspired translations from across the world;
collected here for the first time, they serve to protect the
native languages and cultures - particularly the minority
languages - of their translators, who range from expert
linguists to speakers of underrepresented languages. In his
accompanying essay, Pieter Muysken considers the role of
translation in addressing this urgent cultural concern,
discussing language loss and revitalization, bilingual
translations and mass translations. Complete with maps, language
profiles, and the poet’s personal interviews, this collection
explores the emotional, cultural, and intellectual importance of
language conservation through poetry.
The Torelli theorem for gravitational instantons
Authors: Collins Tristan , Jacob Adam , Lin Yu-Shen
Published: September 2022

We give a short proof of the Torelli theorem for

$ALH^*$

gravitational instantons using the authors’ previous construction of mirror special Lagrangian fibrations in del Pezzo surfaces and rational elliptic surfaces together with recent work of Sun-Zhang. In particular, this includes an identification of 10 diffeomorphism types of

$ALH^*_b$

gravitational instantons.
Introduction: social protection in the Western Balkans
Authors: Bartlett Will , Uvalić Milica
Published: September 2022

This introductory essay situates the papers in this Thematic Section within the background of social policy development in the Western Balkans during the long period of transition following the break-up of former Yugoslavia. We identify three stages of transformation of social protection policies. The first, in the 1990s, was characterised by a continuation of the Yugoslav legacy of social insurance, while many work-based benefits were lost during privatisation. In the second stage, international institutions promoted individualised social protection policies, taken up in some countries but avoided in others. In the third phase, EU influence on social policies accompanied the prolonged EU accession process, with an emphasis on the introduction of work-care policies, early childhood education and the remediation of in-work poverty. The four papers address these issues in greater detail and provide a basis for re-evaluating progress with social protection policies in the Western Balkans in the future.
Particle capture by expanding droplets: effects of inner diffusion
Authors: Roure Gesse A. , Trost Jenna , Davis Robert H.
Published: September 2022

Fast agglomeration by emulsion binders to capture fine, hydrophobic particles has been developed in the past few years as an alternative to froth flotation by small air bubbles. This new method consists of mixing a particle suspension and saltwater-filled droplets covered with semi-permeable oil layers. These droplets expand due to an osmotic flux of water caused by the presence of salt inside the droplets. To better understand the physics underlying this novel particle capture method, we investigate binary interactions between droplets and particles. The current work examines the dynamics of a rigid spherical particle and a semi-permeable spherical drop that expands due to osmosis in an external, pure-extensional flow field. The droplet is governed by an expansion-diffusion problem, which is coupled to the set of dynamical equations governing the relative particle trajectory. By performing multiple trajectory simulations, we calculate transient collision efficiencies, which can be used to determine the collision kernel for population dynamics. We also use these simulations to better understand the evolution of the microstructure by determining the transient behaviour of the pair distribution function. Our results indicate that the presence of drop expansion increases the collision efficiency of the system, especially for very small particles, which are the most difficult to capture by froth flotation. Moreover, although the presence of slow salt diffusion inside the drops can mitigate this improvement, the contribution of expansion to the collision efficiency may still be considerable, even in the absence of hydrophobic or other attractive forces.
SPACINGS BETWEEN SELECTED PRIME DIVISORS OF AN INTEGER
Authors: DE KONINCK JEAN-MARIE , KÁTAI IMRE
Published: September 2022

Given a large integer n, determining the relative size of each of its prime divisors as well as the spacings between these prime divisors has been the focus of several studies. Here, we examine the spacings between particular types of prime divisors of n, such as prime divisors in certain congruence classes of primes and various other subsets of the set of prime numbers.
Integrative taxonomy suggests that South American freshwater nematodes Echinocephalus and their host stingrays co-originated in late Oligocene to early Miocene
Authors: Müller M. I. , Adriano E. A. , Oliveira M. S.B. , Corrêa L. L.
Published: September 2022

Nematoda of the genus Echinocephalus Molin, 1858 include species from the Gnathostomatidae family, the adult stages of which parasitize the stomach and spiral intestine of elasmobranchs as their final hosts. In the present study, we describe Echinocephalus spinosus n. sp. found parasitizing the spiral valve of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro from the Tapajós River, in the Amazon Basin, in the state of Pará, Brazil. In the study we performed morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular (small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequencing) analyses. E. spinosus n. sp. is only the second species of the Echinocephalus genus described from a strictly freshwater environment. The SSU rDNA based phylogenetic analyses showed Echinocephalus clade as a sister lineage of Gnathostoma, and that the new species arises as a sister to Echinocephalus cf. pseudouncinatus. Time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis revealed that the origin of the freshwater Echinocephalus coincides with the recently proposed origin of the freshwater host potamotrygonin stingray, namely the late Oligocene to early Miocene, when the western Amazon was dominated by the Pebas wetlands, an epicontinental marine/freshwater system.
Statistical characterization of experimental magnetized liner inertial fusion stagnation images using deep-learning-based fuel–background segmentation
Authors: Lewis William E. , Knapp Patrick F. , Harding Eric C. , Beckwith Kristian
Published: September 2022

Significant variety is observed in spherical crystal x-ray imager (SCXI) data for the stagnated fuel–liner system created in Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments conducted at the Sandia National Laboratories Z-facility. As a result, image analysis tasks involving, e.g., region-of-interest selection (i.e. segmentation), background subtraction and image registration have generally required tedious manual treatment leading to increased risk of irreproducibility, lack of uncertainty quantification and smaller-scale studies using only a fraction of available data. We present a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based pipeline to automate much of the image processing workflow. This tool enabled batch preprocessing of an ensemble of

$N_{\text {scans}} = 139$

SCXI images across

$N_{\text {exp}} = 67$

different experiments for subsequent study. The pipeline begins by segmenting images into the stagnated fuel and background using a CNN trained on synthetic images generated from a geometric model of a physical three-dimensional plasma. The resulting segmentation allows for a rules-based registration. Our approach flexibly handles rarely occurring artifacts through minimal user input and avoids the need for extensive hand labelling and augmentation of our experimental dataset that would be needed to train an end-to-end pipeline. We also fit background pixels using low-degree polynomials, and perform a statistical assessment of the background and noise properties over the entire image database. Our results provide a guide for choices made in statistical inference models using stagnation image data and can be applied in the generation of synthetic datasets with realistic choices of noise statistics and background models used for machine learning tasks in MagLIF data analysis. We anticipate that the method may be readily extended to automate other MagLIF stagnation imaging applications.
A study of S-100 based product specifications from a software implementation point of view: focusing on data model representation, similar features and symbols, and ECDIS and VTS software
Authors: Lee Seojeong , Lee Changui , Kim Geonhong , Na Hwajin , Kim Hyoseung , Lee Jeongseok , Park Minsik
Published: September 2022

E-navigation provides the opportunity to apply modern digital and other electronic enhancements to improve the safety and efficiency of maritime navigation. Under the broad banner of e-navigation, the International Hydrographic Organization's S-100 product specification framework is facilitating the establishment of a standard maritime data structure to enable a free-flowing exchange of navigation information between ships, ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship. There are currently over 30 S-100 based product specifications at various stages of development. For the data standard to be properly used, navigation software products must be capable of reading as well as comprehending the data format and content. To develop robust and stable software, the S-100 data models and product specifications must be consistent, accurate and interoperable in conveying various types of information. This paper describes the results of research on S-100 based product specifications from the viewpoint of developing maritime navigation software. In particular, issues related to software development for Electronic Chart Display Information System (ECDIS) and Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) are discussed, including appropriate data model analysis, processing of features, and symbols overlapping with other product specifications. Proposed solutions for some identified issues are presented.
Parallelism within serialism: primary stress is different
Authors: Pruitt Kathryn
Published: September 2022

Primary word stress is typologically diverse. In some languages, the metrical structure of a word predicts the location of primary stress, while in other languages it does not. This diversity is considered through the lens of Harmonic Serialism (HS), a serial constraint-based theory, and it is argued that HS must incorporate a limited degree of parallelism to capture the typology. Namely, primary-stress assignment is simultaneous with foot-building and also mobile, being (re)assessed throughout a metrical derivation. But incorporating this parallelism into HS is both possible and desirable: the positive typological consequences of HS are preserved, and the implied formal divergence between the prosodic word and the foot with respect to parallelism echoes a fundamental distinction that is visible in a wide range of extant theoretical and empirical findings.
Cultures of Creativity: Hieroglyphic Innovation in the Classic Maya Lowlands
Authors: Matsumoto Mallory E.
Published: September 2022

Classic Maya hieroglyphic writing displays a coherence across time and space that points to intensive, sustained communication among scribes about what they were writing and how. Yet we know little about what scribal transmission looked like on the ground or what knowledge scribes were conveying among themselves. This article examines the monumental hieroglyphic corpora from two communities, at Copan in western Honduras and at Palenque in Chiapas, Mexico, to illustrate local processes of innovation and exchange that shaped participation in regional transmission. I argue that distinct ‘cultures of creativity’ developed at Copan and Palenque from local elites’ varying understanding of their position in the Maya world and the nature of hieroglyphic inventions. These case studies attest to the multi-faceted nature of scribal production and exchange within a hieroglyphic tradition that remained largely coherent despite never being centrally administered. In addition, the study's palaeographic methods suggest possibilities for tracing dynamics of cultural innovation and transmission in the ancient past at multiple scales of society.
Carbonyl Sulfide Sulfur Isotope Fractionation During Uptake by C3 and C4 Plants
Authors: Davidson Chen , Amrani Alon , Angert Alon
Published: September 2022

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a major long‐lived sulfur‐containing gas in the atmosphere. Similar to CO2, COS main sink is the uptake by terrestrial plants. Therefore, COS is used as a proxy for CO2 uptake by terrestrial plants (gross primary production [GPP]). Currently, COS budget estimates have large uncertainties. Sulfur isotopes measurements are used in an isotopic mass‐balance to constrain the COS budget. Here we conducted plant‐chamber experiments for determining the isotopic fractionation during COS uptake by C3 and C4 plants, and that associated with enzymatic fractionation inside plant leaves. We also conducted COS diffusion in nitrogen experiment to determine the fractionation associated with COS diffusion through plant stomata. We then measured the δ34S values of COS from these experiments by a gas chromatograph/multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Applying these measured δ34S values, we calculated fractionations (εplant) of −1.6 ± 0.1‰ and −5.4 ± 0.5‰ during COS uptake for C3 plants and C4 plants respectively. A fractionation of −5.2 ± 0.5‰ for COS diffusion through plant stomata was calculated as well. We estimate the total diffusive component of plant uptake fractionation (including boundary layer, stomata, and gas‐liquid interface diffusions) as −1.6 ± 0.1‰. Using plant chamber measurements under high CO2 and COS concentrations we calculated the enzymatic component of the plant uptake fractionation as −15 ± 2‰. Based on the diffusive and enzymatic components of plant uptake fractionation, we calculate COS concentrations inside plant leaves. Using the C3 and C4 fractionation results, a value of −2.3 ± 0.5‰ is estimated as the global plant uptake fractionation, which can be incorporated into improved COS‐based‐GPP estimates in the future.
Quantum dot lasing from a waterproof and stretchable polymer film
Authors: Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad , Geiregat Pieter , Van Acker Frederik , Beeckman Jeroen , Hens Zeger , Aubert Tangi , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: September 2022

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are excellent optical gain materials that combine high material gain, a strong absorption of pump light, stability under strong light exposure and a suitability for solution-based processing. The integration of QDs in laser cavities that fully exploit the potential of these emerging optical materials remains, however, a challenge. In this work, we report on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, which consists of a thin film of QDs embedded between two layers of polymerized chiral liquid crystal. Forward directed, circularly polarized defect mode lasing under nanosecond-pulsed excitation is demonstrated within the photonic band gap of the chiral liquid crystal. Stable and long-term narrow-linewidth lasing of an exfoliated free-standing, flexible film under water is obtained at room temperature. Moreover, we show that the lasing wavelength of this flexible cavity shifts under influence of pressure, strain or temperature. As such, the combination of solution processable and stable inorganic QDs with high chiral liquid crystal reflectivity and effective polymer encapsulation leads to a flexible device with long operational lifetime, that can be immersed in different protic solvents to act as a sensor.
Are infections associated with cognitive decline and neuroimaging outcomes? A historical cohort study using data from the UK Biobank study linked to electronic health records
Authors: Muzambi Rutendo , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Rentsch Christopher T. , Smeeth Liam , Brayne Carol , Garfield Victoria , Williams Dylan M. , Chaturvedi Nish , Warren-Gash Charlotte
Published: September 2022

While there is growing evidence of associations between infections and dementia risk, associations with cognitive impairment and potential structural correlates of cognitive decline remain underexplored. Here we aimed to investigate the presence and nature of any associations between common infections, cognitive decline and neuroimaging parameters. The UK Biobank is a large volunteer cohort (over 500,000 participants recruited aged 40–69) with linkage to primary and secondary care records. Using linear mixed effects models, we compared participants with and without a history of infections for changes in cognitive function during follow-up. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association of infections with hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. 16,728 participants (median age 56.0 years [IQR 50.0–61.0]; 51.3% women) had baseline and follow-up cognitive measures. We found no evidence of an association between the presence of infection diagnoses and cognitive decline for mean correct response time (slope difference [infections versus no infections] = 0.40 ms, 95% CI: −0.17–0.96 per year), visual memory (slope difference 0.0004 log errors per year, 95% CI: −0.003–0.004, fluid intelligence (slope difference 0.007, 95% CI: −0.010–0.023) and prospective memory (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68–1.14). No evidence of an association was found between infection site, setting or frequency and cognitive decline except for small associations on the visual memory test. We found no association between infections and hippocampal or WMH volume. Limitations of our study include selection bias, potential practice effects and the relatively young age of our cohort. Our findings do not support a major role for common midlife infections in contributing to cognitive decline for this cohort. Further research is warranted in individuals with more severe infections, for infections occurring later in life.
Gasdermin D-deficient mice are hypersensitive to acute kidney injury
Authors: Tonnus Wulf , Maremonti Francesca , Belavgeni Alexia , Latk Markus , Kusunoki Yoshihiro , Brucker Anne , von Mässenhausen Anne , Meyer Claudia , Locke Sophie , Gembardt Florian , Beer Kristina , Hoppenz Paul , Becker Jan U. , Hugo Christian , Anders Hans-Joachim , Bornstein Stefan R. , Shao Feng , Linkermann Andreas
Published: September 2022

Signaling pathways of regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis, contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI), but the role of pyroptosis is unclear. Pyroptosis is mediated by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD). Here, we report a specific pattern of GSDMD-protein expression in the peritubular compartment of mice that underwent bilateral ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Along similar lines, the GSDMD-protein expression in whole kidney lysates increased during the first 84 h following cisplatin-induced AKI. Importantly, unlike whole kidney lysates, no GSDMD-protein expression was detectable in isolated kidney tubules. In IRI and cisplatin-induced AKI, GSDMD-deficient mice exhibited hypersensitivity to injury as assessed by tubular damage, elevated markers of serum urea, and serum creatinine. This hypersensitivity was reversed by a combined deficiency of GSDMD and the necroptosis mediator mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). In conclusion, we demonstrate a non-cell autonomous role for GSDMD in protecting the tubular compartment from necroptosis-mediated damage in IRI.
In situ X-ray and acoustic observations of deep seismic faulting upon phase transitions in olivine
Authors: Ohuchi Tomohiro , Higo Yuji , Tange Yoshinori , Sakai Takeshi , Matsuda Kohei , Irifune Tetsuo
Published: September 2022

The activity of deep-focus earthquakes, which increases with depth from ~400 km to a peak at ~600 km, is enigmatic, because conventional brittle failure is unlikely to occur at elevated pressures. It becomes increasingly clear that pressure-induced phase transitions of olivine are responsible for the occurrence of the earthquakes, based on deformation experiments under pressure. However, many such experiments were made using analogue materials and those on mantle olivine are required to verify the hypotheses developed by these studies. Here we report the results of deformation experiments on (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine at 11−17 GPa and 860−1350 K, equivalent to the conditions of the slabs subducted into the mantle transition zone. We find that throughgoing faulting occurs only at very limited temperatures of 1100−1160 K, accompanied by intense acoustic emissions at the onset of rupture. Fault sliding aided by shear heating occurs along a weak layer, which is formed via linking-up of lenticular packets filled with nanocrystalline olivine and wadsleyite. Our study suggests that transformational faulting occurs on the isothermal surface of the metastable olivine wedge in slabs, leading to deep-focus earthquakes in limited regions and depth range.
Structure, Mössbauer, electrical, and γ-ray attenuation-properties of magnesium zinc ferrite synthesized co-precipitation method
Authors: Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Issa Shams A. M. , Saudi H. A. , Alharshan Gharam A. , Uosif M. A. M. , Henaish A. M. A.
Published: September 2022

For technical and radioprotection causes, it has become essential to find new trends of smart materials which used as protection from ionizing radiation. To overcome the undesirable properties in lead aprons and provide the proper or better shielding properties against ionizing radiation, the tendency is now going to use ferrite as a shielding material. The co-precipitation method was utilized to prevent any foreign phases in the investigated MZN nano-ferrite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods were used to analyze the manufactured sample. As proven by XRD and FTIR, the studied materials have their unique spinel phase with cubic structure Fd3m space group. The DC resistivity of Mg–Zn ferrite was carried out in the temperature range (77–295 K), and its dependence on temperature indicates that there are different charge transport mechanisms. The Mössbauer spectra analysis confirmed that the ferrimagnetic to superparamagnetic phase transition behaviour depends on Zn concentration. The incorporation of Zn to MZF enhanced the nano-ferrite density, whereas the addition of different Zn-oxides reduced the density for nano-ferrite samples. This variation in density changed the radiation shielding results. The sample containing high Zn (MZF-0.5) gives us better results in radiation shielding properties at low gamma, so this sample is superior in shielding results for charged particles at low energy. Finally, the possibility to use MZN nano-ferrite with various content in different ionizing radiation shielding fields can be concluded.
Climate adaptation pathways and the role of social-ecological networks in small-scale fisheries
Authors: Salgueiro-Otero Diego , Barnes Michele L. , Ojea Elena
Published: September 2022

Climate change is expected to have increasing impacts on marine ecosystems which will threaten the livelihoods and wellbeing of millions of people. Drawing on social-ecological network and sociodemographic data collected via face-to-face interviews with 404 small-scale commercial fishers from 9 Galician communities (Spain), we empirically examine the adaptation pathways that fishers follow when they face hypothetical impacts on their fishery resources and test the role of five social-ecological network structures on fisher’s stated intended responses to such scenarios. Our results show that fishers generally intend to follow a ‘remain—adapt—transform—exit (the fishery)’ pathway when faced with increasing climate impacts. Next, we demonstrate that trust-based bonding ties and ties to informal leaders are associated with a ‘business-as-usual’ strategy. In contrast, communicative bonding ties are associated with adaptive responses, while communicative bridging ties are associated with transformative and exit strategies. Our findings provide key empirical insight that broaden our understanding of the intricate relationship between social networks and adaptive behaviour relevant to social-ecological systems worldwide.
Validation of the most cost-effective nudge to promote workers’ regular self-weighing: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takebayashi Masaki , Yoshiike Nobuo , Koyama Tatsuya , Toriyabe Makiko , Nakamura Hiromi , Takebayashi Kurenai
Published: September 2022

Regular self-weighing is useful in obesity prevention. The impact of nudge-based occupational self-weighing programs in the cluster randomized controlled trial was examined. The primary outcome was regular self-weighing after 6 months, which we used to compute cost-effectiveness. Participants were Japanese local government employees who underwent 1 h workshops after being assigned to one of the three nudge groups. Each group was designed according to the nudges’ Easy, Attractive, Social, Timely framework: quiz group (n = 26, attractive-type nudges), implementation intentions group (n = 25, social-type nudges), and growth mindset group (n = 25, timely type nudges). A reference group (n = 36, no nudges) was also formed. After 6 months, all three interventions were effective for regular self-weighing, with the growth mindset intervention (60.0%) being significantly more effective. The cost-effectiveness of the growth mindset group was 1.7 times and 1.3 times higher than that of the quiz group and the implementation intentions group, respectively. Findings from our study are expected to facilitate the use of nudges for health practitioners and employers, which in turn may promote obesity prevention.
Microfluidic assisted low-temperature and speedy synthesis of TiO2/ZnO/GOx with bio/photo active cites for amoxicillin degradation
Authors: Sohrabi Somayeh , Keshavarz Moraveji Mostafa , Iranshahi Davood , Karimi Afzal
Published: September 2022

For the first time, a bio-photo-catalyst is synthesized in a microfluidic platform. The microchannel, which is wall-coated by in situ synthesized bio-photo-catalyst is used as an opto-fluidic reactor for amoxicillin degradation. Analyses including SEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV–Vis spectra, and DLS have been used to characterize samples. The structure and morphology of TiO2 in microfluidic assisted synthesis are studied at 70–120 °C. The results show that both single-crystalline anatase sample and two-phase samples of anatase and rutile can be attained. According to SEM images, the smallest size and the narrowest particle size distribution (0.86 nm $$\pm \hspace{0.17em}0.14$$

±

0.14

) is achieved by synthesis at 70 °C. Elemental mapping of Ti shows a uniform coating layer on inner walls. Raman signals besides the primary amines in FTIR results show the biological activity of the cross-linked Glucose oxidase (GOx), which is aimed for situ generation of H2O2. FTIR comparison of bulk and spiral microfluidic synthesized ZnO indicates identical bonds. SEM-coupled with performance experimentation reveal that by regulating the flowrate of spiral micromixer for ZnCl2 at 25 µl/min and NaOH at 50 µl/min, the narrowest size distribution and best the bio-photo-catalytic performance of ZnO nanoparticles is observed.
Towards the identification of humic ligands associated with iron transport through a salinity gradient
Authors: Heerah Kavi M. , Reader Heather E.
Published: September 2022

Humic ligands from boreal rivers have been identified as important sources of iron-binding ligands to the coastal marine environment but remain poorly characterized. A novel method using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify and quantify iron-binding ligands present in a boreal river in Newfoundland, Canada. 20 to 35% of the total iron load was carried through an artificial salinity gradient, and remained in solution at 35 salinity. Using FTIR combined with linear regression and 2D correlation analysis, we identified two pools of organic ligands, with different behaviour with regards to iron across the salinity gradient. The weaker ligand pool consisted of alkenes, ethers, and esters, and was found to release iron to flocculation at low salinities, and not contribute to iron transport into the marine environment. The stronger ligand group contained carboxylic acids and aliphatic functional groups. This group appears to contain two subgroups, one which was able to retain iron in the dissolved phase at 35 salinity, and another that flocculated out with iron across the salinity gradient. The strong ligands that retain iron in solution through the salinity gradient provide a much-needed source of the micronutrient to the coastal and marine environment, while the other subgroup sequesters iron and carbon in estuarine sediments. The balance between these two subgroups appears to be controlled by the hydrographic and weather conditions at the time of sampling, suggesting a dynamic ligand-iron relationship throughout the year, impacting the biogeochemical cycles of both iron and carbon in contrasting ways.
Form, synapses and orientation topography of a new cell type in layer 6 of the cat’s primary visual cortex
Authors: Srivastava Mohit , Angel Cintia , Kisvárday Réka Eszter , Kocsis Zsolt , Stelescu András , Talapka Petra , Kisvárday Zoltán
Published: September 2022

Here we report the morpho-functional features of a novel type of deep-layer neuron. The neuron was selected from a large pool of intracellularly labelled cells based on the large cell body, numerous spine-free dendrites with an overall interneuron morphology. However, the axon gave off long-range axons up to 2.8 mm from the parent soma in layers 5/6 before entering the white matter. The boutons were uniformly distributed along the axon without forming distinct clusters. Dendritic length, surface area and volume values were at least 3 times larger than any known cortical neuron types with the exception of giant pyramidal cells of layer 5. Electron microscopy of the boutons revealed that they targeted dendritic spines (78%) and less frequently dendritic shafts (22%). Nearly half of the postsynaptic dendrites were immunopositive to GABA. Superimposing the axonal field on the orientation map obtained with optical imaging showed a preponderance of boutons to cross-orientations (38%) and an equal representation of iso- and oblique orientations (31%). The results suggest an integrating role for the layer 6 stellate neuron which projects to a functionally broad range of neurons in the deep cortical layers and to other cortical and/or subcortical regions.
On the extreme hydrologic events determinants by means of Beta-Singh-Maddala reparameterization
Authors: Domma Filippo , Condino Francesca , Franceschi Sara , De Luca Davide Luciano , Biondi Daniela
Published: September 2022

In previous studies, beta-k distribution and distribution functions strongly related to that, have played important roles in representing extreme events. Among these distributions, the Beta-Singh-Maddala turned out to be adequate for modelling hydrological extreme events. Starting from this distribution, the aim of the paper is to express the model as a function of indexes of hydrological interest and simultaneously investigate on their dependence with a set of explanatory variables in such a way to explore on possible determinants of extreme hydrologic events. Finally, an application to a real hydrologic dataset is considered in order to show the potentiality of the proposed model in describing data and in understanding effects of covariates on frequently adopted hydrological indicators.
Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycans IMPG1 and IMPG2 proteolyze in the SEA domain and reveal localization mutual dependency
Authors: Mitchell Benjamin , Coulter Chloe , Geldenhuys Werner J. , Rhodes Scott , Salido Ezequiel M.
Published: September 2022

The interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) is a specialized extracellular mesh of molecules surrounding the inner and outer segments of photoreceptor neurons. Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 1 and 2 (IMPG1 and IMPG2) are major components of the IPM. Both proteoglycans possess SEA (sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin) domains, which may support proteolysis. Interestingly, mutations in the SEA domains of IMPG1 and IMPG2 are associated with vision disease in humans. However, if SEA domains in IMPG molecules undergo proteolysis, and how this contributes to vision pathology is unknown. Therefore, we investigated SEA-mediated proteolysis of IMPG1 and IMPG2 and its significance to IPM physiology. Immunoblot analysis confirmed proteolysis of IMPG1 and IMPG2 in the retinas of wildtype mice. Point mutations mimicking human mutations in the SEA domain of IMPG1 that are associated with vision disease inhibited proteolysis. These findings demonstrate that proteolysis is part of the maturation of IMPG1 and IMPG2, in which deficits are associated with vision diseases. Further, immunohistochemical assays showed that proteolysis of IMPG2 generated two subunits, a membrane-attached peptide and an extracellular peptide. Notably, the extracellular portion of IMPG2 trafficked from the IPM around the inner segment toward the outer segment IPM by an IMPG1-dependent mechanism. This result provides the first evidence of a trafficking system that shuttles IMPG1 and IMPG2 from the inner to outer IPM in a co-dependent manner. In addition, these results suggest an interaction between IMPG1–IMPG2 and propose that mutations affecting one IMPG could affect the localization of the normal IMPG partner, contributing to the disease mechanism of vision diseases associated with defective IMPG molecules.
Experimental investigation on machining characteristics of titanium processed using electrolyte sonicated µ-ECDM system
Authors: Bhargav K. V. J. , Balaji P. S. , Sahu Ranjeet Kumar , Leblouba Moussa
Published: September 2022

Micromachining of difficult-to-machine materials is of prime focus nowadays. One such material is Titanium, which has numerous applications in aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries. The micromachining of Titanium has become the need of the day because of its exhilarating properties. This investigation employs a tailor-made electrolyte sonicated micro-electrochemical discharge machining (ES-µ-ECDM) system to generate microholes in a commercially pure titanium plate with a thickness of 1000 µm. The machining chamber is the ultrasonication unit (36 kHz) with process parameters voltage (V), concentration (wt%), and duty factor (DF) chosen at three levels. The FCC-RSM-based DOE is selected for experimentation to study the machining characteristics like material removal rate, overcut, and circularity. Through holes were achieved at parameters of 80 V, 25 wt%, and 60% DF and 80 V, 30 wt%, and 50% DF. The incorporation of ultrasonication into the system enhanced electrolyte replenishment and evacuation of the debris at the machining vicinity. The assistance technique improved the gas film stabilization around the tool enabling uniform machining. The multi-response optimization is performed using the MOJAYA algorithm to obtain Pareto optimal solutions, and the MADM (R-method) is employed to obtain the optimal parameter. The optimal parameter was found to be 69 V, 30 wt%, and 50% DF, at which the machined microhole was found to have a circularity of 0.9615 with minimal surface defects.
Gut bacteria induce oviposition preference through ovipositor recognition in fruit fly
Authors: He Muyang , Chen Huimin , Yang Xiaorui , Gao Yang , Lu Yongyue , Cheng Daifeng
Published: September 2022

Gut bacteria play important roles in insect life cycle, and various routes can be used by insects to effectively transmit their gut bacteria. However, it is unclear if the gut bacteria can spread by actively attracting their insect hosts, and the recognition mechanisms of host insects are poorly understood. Here, we explore chemical interactions between Bactrocera dorsalis and its gut bacterium Citrobacter sp. (CF-BD). We found that CF-BD could affect the development of host ovaries and could be vertically transmitted via host oviposition. CF-BD could attract B. dorsalis to lay eggs by producing 3-hexenyl acetate (3-HA) in fruits that were hosts of B. dorsalis. Furthermore, we found that B. dorsalis could directly recognize CF-BD in fruits with their ovipositors in which olfactory genes were expressed to bind 3-HA. This work reports an important mechanism concerning the active spread of gut bacteria in their host insects.
Enzymatic modification ofd-mannose alleviates DSS-induced colonic inflammation in mice through macrophage polarization mediated by PPARγ
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Li Ziwei , Xu Yongjiang , Liu Yuanfa , Xue Changhu
Published: September 2022

As a dietary supplement, enzymatic modification of mannose (phosphatidylmannoside, PtdMan)viaphospholipasedcatalyzed transphosphatidylation is to be used as a way to enhance the modulatory effect of mannose on colitis.
How membrane characteristics influence the performance of CO2 and CO electrolysis
Authors: Garg Sahil , Giron Rodriguez Carlos A. , Rufford Thomas E. , Varcoe John R. , Seger Brian
Published: September 2022

Due to the ability to produce sustainably carbon-based chemicals and fuels, CO2 electrolysis and the closely related CO electrolysis are advancing rapidly from fundamental studies toward industrial applications.
Copper-catalyzed deacetonative Sonogashira coupling
Authors: Kotovshchikov Yury N. , Binyakovsky Artem A. , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Lukashev Nikolay V. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: September 2022

An efficient tandem approach to achieve Cu-catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) cross-coupling of tertiary propargyl alcohols and (het)aryl halides has been developed.
Ambident reactivity of 5-aminopyrazoles towards donor–acceptor cyclopropanes
Authors: Vartanova Anna E. , Levina Irina I. , Ratmanova Nina K. , Andreev Ivan A. , Ivanova Olga A. , Trushkov Igor V.
Published: September 2022

Donor–acceptor cyclopropanes were found to undergo ring opening with 5-aminopyrazoles via an attack by either an exocyclic amino group or a C(4) atom.
Electrochemical detection of selected heavy metals in water: a case study of African experiences
Authors: Okpara Enyioma C. , Fayemi Omolola E. , Wojuola Olanrewaju B. , Onwudiwe Damian C. , Ebenso Eno E.
Published: September 2022

The safety of water resources throughout the globe has been compromised by various human activities and climate change over the last decades.