bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corruption Debates in the First Portuguese Republic 1910-1926
Authors: Homberg Mauricio , Engels Jens Ivo
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with corruption debates as a political factor in the First Portuguese Republic. Criticism of corruption is a hitherto hardly considered aspect for understanding the instability of the Republic. Criticism of corruption as a critique of parliamentarism existed in almost all European countries in the first third of the 20th century. This essay offers a systematic examination of corruption debates in Portugal and aims to emphasise the international commonalities. Similar to the rest of Europe, these criticisms contributed to the bad image and destabilisation of the parliamentary system.
The essay mainly uses political newspapers and pamphlets as sources. After an assessment of the relevant research literature and a very short section on anticorruption in the late monarchy, we will concentrate on three groups of critics: monarchical Catholic voices, radical republican commentaries, and anarchist left-wing contributions. The aim is to reconstruct patterns of argumentation of the aforementioned political directions that were typical throughout the republican period. We will also take up the alleged connection between cultural backwardness and corruption in the Portuguese self-description. In the last section, we will shortly focus on the (almost non-existent) defence strategies of the ruling Republicans.
Blood glucose kinetics during concentric and eccentric muscle contractions
Authors: Taliari Jean Donizete Silveira , Ramos Rogério Rodrigo , Ballaris Alessandra de Lourdes , Taliari Matheus Alexandre da Silva , Munin Egberto
Published: September 2022

Studies comparing the two classes of stimuli (concentric and eccentric) have shown differences in the improvement of cardiovascular, metabolic, and muscle strength gain. This is an experimental, quantitative, and prospective study that aimed to verify the effect of eccentric exercise on glycolytic consumption and kinetics. The blood glucose kinetics of 17 male subjects was evaluated during a treadmill exercise with a 10% declined floor and velocity that required a 60% metabolic activity of VO2max, for 30 minutes. Seventy-two hours later, the same subjects exercised on the treadmill with a 10% inclined floor and 60% VO2max, for 30 minutes. To quantify glucose, blood samples were collected before the exercise, every three minutes along the 30 minutes of physical activity, and five and 10 minutes after finishing the exercise. For the downward slope, there was a homogeneous group behavior for blood glucose dynamics during the exercise, which was characterized by a monotonic decrease of glucose levels until reaching a minimum value at experimental times between 20 and 30 min, followed by a progressive recovery toward initial values. For the acclivity condition, blood glucose dynamics did not follow such a homogeneous behavior. A set of different types of dynamics could be identified. Experimental data showed that the type of dynamics could be predicted, to some extent, by the basal blood glucose level of subjects. The type of floor slope (upward or downward) directly affected glycolytic consumption and kinetics for the individuals analyzed.
Compreendendo a interação em sala de aula
Authors: Ananias Priscila Raposo , Da Silva Williany Miranda
Published: September 2022

Cientes de que a análise dos processos interativos em sala de aula pode revelar muitos aspectos do modelo de ensino vigente, bem como pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de alternativas viáveis para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa, esse estudo de natureza aplicada e com aporte da sociolingüística interacional, objetivou, inicialmente, descrever e analisar as estratégias de negociação mediadas pela polidez e os movimentos de ameaça e preservação de faces manifestos pelos sujeitos numa situação de interação em sala de aula e, em um segundo momento, buscou verificar as implicações dos formatos de produção e das estruturas de participação reveladas pelos mesmos sujeitos na interação ora investigada. Os dados analisados constituem-se por transcrições de uma aula de Língua Portuguesa em uma turma de 7° ano de uma escola estadual de Ensino Fundamental.
STRATEGI ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA MELALUI PARAWISATA HALAL DI INDONESIA PASCA COVID-19
Authors: Ihsan Akmal , Kusuma Alan Budi , Hatbah Muhammad As’ad
Published: September 2022

Halal tourism in Indonesia is the largest tourism in the world that presents a lot of natural beauty, culture, and comfortable places of worship. In the economic field, halal tourism contributes significantly to state income, which is around 10.4% and employment of around 313 million people. This proves that halal tourism in Indonesia has a positive effect on national income and increases human development. But that was all achieved before the Covid-19 outbreak hit Indonesia. During the pandemic, halal tourism objects experienced a drastic decline. Many halal tourism sub-sectors such as airlines, lodging, and places to eat are feeling the impact. For this reason, an alternative and complex strategy concept is needed to restore the existence of halal parawista in Indonesia. The right method to respond to the author's goal is a qualitative descriptive method with the help of a SWOT analysis consisting of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The results obtained in this article are: first, the strength of Indonesian halal tourists is quite large because it has many beautiful natural destinations, easy access to tourist attractions, the availability of many places of worship, lodging and eating places that have been tested for halalness, and the friendliness of the Indonesian population. in welcoming incoming tourists; Secondly, from the side of weakness, health protocols are considered too strict, such as mandatory vaccines, wearing masks, maintaining distance, and the like, thereby reducing tourist intentions. Another weakness is the lack of human resources in managing halal tourism, as well as the lack of government facilities in assisting small and medium enterprises in marketing their products; the third is seen from the opportunities that can be utilized by the government, namely focusing on the six basic needs of Muslim tourists, namely maintaining halal food, prayer facilities, Ramadan services, water-friendly bathrooms, no non-halal activities, and improving recreational facilities; Fourth, in terms of threats, the government needs to pay attention to competition with neighboring countries, focus on halal certification, and also the spike in Covid-19 cases. The analysis above is believed to be an alternative strategy in increasing halal tourism in Indonesia so that it makes a major contribution to the country, especially in its human development.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN SYARIAH DAN KEUANGAN KONVENSIONAL TERHADAP PDB DI MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Al-Aziz Moh Sofwan Katsir
Published: September 2022

The aim is to find out how the influence of small business loans, operational costs, the Jakarta Islamic index, and covid 19 on economic growth. The methodology used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis. The data used were obtained from OJK and BPS. The findings of the test results show that the business credit variable has a high level of significance and the data used is normally distributed. Practical implications in this research can be used as a form of government benchmark to maintain economic stability. Originality in this study was carried out using a multiple linear analysis model by looking at the influence between variables. The results of the tests carried out resulted in all variables having a significant effect.
Evaluating the current state of realization of victims’ rights in the criminal process: An explanation under Ukrainian and Indian criminal procedure codes
Authors: Ablamskyi Serhii , Ansari Faiz Ayat , Volodymyrovych Nosach Andrii
Published: September 2022

Respecting and protecting all parties have always been the objective of every criminal proceeding, aiming to achieve justice at every stage of the criminal trial. This protection becomes of utmost importance when dealing with victims who have suffered injuries because of crime. For this reason, both India and Ukraine have given special protection to victims’ rights throughout the criminal process. This paper aims to analyze the role and degree of protection offered by these criminal procedure codes in respecting the rights of victims. Despite all the procedures put in place, the condition of the victim is still questionable, which has considerably affected the credibility of these countries’ criminal procedure codes. To determine whether they really ensure the respect of victims’ rights, a comparative methodology was used to establish the expectations of the two criminal law systems in this matter. The findings suggest that even though the criminal procedure codes of both countries have relevant provisions to protect the victims’ rights, their criminal procedure systems are still marred with issues regarding this aspect. Consequently, there is a need to revisit these codes to ensure that the rights of parties, especially those of the victims, are respected.
¿El derecho es puro cuento? Análisis crítico de la sociología jurídica integral
Authors: Silva García Germán
Published: September 2022

Este trabajo versa sobre el papel desempeñado por la sociología jurídica para contribuir a los estudios del derecho. Empero, de modo singular, hace referencia a los aportes de una sociología jurídica integral fundada, de manera principal, en la teoría de la fenomenología, en el interaccionismo simbólico y en la teoría del conflicto. Para el efecto, la intención es presentar un modelo teórico integral, armónico y coherente que arropa, en una sola perspectiva de análisis, teorías macrosociológicas y microsociológicas, lo que potencia las posibilidades de describir e interpretar fenómenos referidos a las estructuras sociales y a las acciones sociales que, como un continuo, representan la realidad social. Con esa dirección, su propósito es demostrar que la operación o práctica del derecho, muchas veces, aparece influida por variables sociales que le dan un destino a las normas jurídicas distinto al formalmente previsto, cuando no ocurre que las normas y prácticas jurídicas adquieren en el entablado de la vida social, ya por las funciones sociales que cumplen, ora por las actitudes que generan entre sectores de la población, consecuencias que no han sido previstas ni pretendidas. De este modo, se espera demostrar la importancia de la sociología jurídica para dilucidar cuál es el derecho que realmente anida en la sociedad.
Sellars’s Core Critique of C. I. Lewis: Against the Equation of Aboutness with Givenness
Authors: Klemick Griffin
Published: September 2022

Many have taken Sellars’s critique of empiricism in “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” (EPM) to be aimed at his teacher C. I. Lewis. But if so, why do the famous arguments of its opening sections carry so little force against Lewis’s views? Understandably, some respond by denying that Lewis’s epistemology is among the positions targeted by Sellars. But this is incorrect. Indeed, Sellars had earlier offered more trenchant (if already familiar) critiques of Lewis’s epistemology. What is original about EPM is that it criticizes empiricist positions like Lewis’s not because of their foundationalism, but because of their psychologism about meaning. Since psychologism turns out to be unacceptable by Lewis’s own lights, EPM has a compelling (if implicit) critique of Lewis to offer after all, one that strikes at the heart of his philosophical system.
Health-related communication in everyday life: Communication partners, channels, and patterns
Authors: Wagner Anna , Reifegerste Doreen
Published: September 2022

Although health matters are commonly discussed in various social contexts, health-related interpersonal communication still remains a black box in health communication research. Bringing together research from the fields of health communication and interpersonal communication, we therefore examine how people communicate about health and illness in their everyday lives. Based on Channel Complementary Theory and the concept of communication repertoires, we focus on a) the communication partners, b) the communication channels, and c) the communication patterns relevant to health-related interpersonal communication. We conducted a qualitative study with 22 semi-structured online interviews combined with ego-centered network maps. Findings show that a) what is discussed with whom depends on the intimacy of the relationship, topic sensitivity, and partners’ personal characteristics, b) face-to-face communication is the preferred way of communicating, and c) (a-)symmetry of roles, (in)formality, and intimacy of the relationship influence communication.
Signal transduction mechanisms in heme-based globin-coupled oxygen sensors with a focus on a histidine kinase (AfGcHK) and a diguanylate cyclase (YddV or EcDosC)
Authors: Vávra Jakub , Sergunin Artur , Jeřábek Petr , Shimizu Toru , Martínková Markéta
Published: September 2022

Heme is a vital cofactor of proteins with roles in oxygen transport (e.g. hemoglobin), storage (e.g. myoglobin), and activation (e.g. P450) as well as electron transfer (e.g. cytochromes) and many other functions. However, its structural and functional role in oxygen sensing proteins differs markedly from that in most other enzymes, where it serves as a catalytic or functional center. This minireview discusses the mechanism of signal transduction in two heme-based oxygen sensors: the histidine kinase AfGcHK and the diguanylate cyclase YddV (EcDosC), both of which feature a heme-binding domain containing a globin fold resembling that of hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Prediction model of BOF end-point P and O contents based on PCA–GA–BP neural network
Authors: Liu Zhao , Cheng Shusen , Liu Pengbo
Published: September 2022

Low-carbon, green and intelligent production is urgently needed in China’s iron and steel industry. Accurate prediction of liquid steel composition at the end of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) plays an important role in promoting high-quality, high-efficiency and stable production in steelmaking process. A prediction model based on the principal component analysis (PCA) – genetic algorithm (GA) – back propagation (BP) neural network is proposed for BOF end-point P and O contents of liquid steel. PCA is used to eliminate the correlation between the factors, and the obtained principal components are seen as input parameters of the BP neural network; then, GA is employed to optimize the initialized weights and thresholds of the BP neural network. The flux composition and bottom blowing are considered in the input variables. The results indicate that the prediction accuracy of the single output model is higher than that of the dual output model. The root-mean-square error of P content between predicted and actual values is 0.0015%, and that of O content is 0.0049%. Therefore, the model can provide a good reference for BOF end-point control.
Research progress on durability of marine concrete under the combined action of Cl− erosion, carbonation, and dry–wet cycles
Authors: Zhang Maohua , Xu Ronghua , Liu Ke , Sun Shanghui
Published: September 2022

Marine concrete is a kind of construction material which is seeking its growing application in marine engineering. However, the marine concrete structures are exposed to aggressive environment and harmful ions. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the durability of marine concrete. The concrete structure located in the tidal zone is subjected to the dry–wet cycles caused by tidal action, chloride ion (Cl−) erosion in seawater, and CO2 erosion in air. When these factors work together, they cause great damage to the marine concrete structure. In view of the three environmental factors, namely, Cl− erosion, carbonation, and dry–wet cycles, taking fly ash, fibers, and nanomaterials as examples, this article expounds the research status of durability of marine concrete, introduces the latest research progress, the addition of fibers, fly ash, and nanomaterials can improve the Cl− corrosion resistance and dry–wet cycles resistance of marine concrete, while the addition of fly ash is unfavorable for carbonation resistance. And the future development trend of marine concrete is prospected.
Relationship of Clubhead Speed With Explosive Power and Muscle Strength of the Hip and Trunk Joints of Elite Golfers
Authors: Suhara Hirokazu , Nariai Miki , Takagi Tokio , Akiyama Kei , Nagashima Junji , Shiraki Hitoshi
Published: September 2022

Suhara, H, Nariai, M, Takagi, T, Akiyama, K, Nagashima, J, and Shiraki, H. Relationship of clubhead speed with explosive power and muscle strength of the hip and trunk joints of elite golfers. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 859–865, 2023—In golf, the driving distance of the ball is affected by the clubhead speed (CHS) on impact. We aimed to clarify the relationship between CHS and explosive power and muscle strength of the hip and trunk muscles in elite golfers (male age: 19.6 ± 1.9 years, male handicap: 4.4 ± 0.9, female age: 17.7 ± 1.4 years, and female handicap: 6.2 ± 0.7). A correlational design was used to assess the relationships between CHS and strength (hip extension-flexion and trunk rotation of peak torque at an isokinetic 60 and 180°·s−1 angular velocity) and CHS and power (countermovement jump [CMJ]; peak power and jump height; backward overhead medicine ball [BOMB] throw). Fourteen each of male and female elite golfers were included. The CHS during the golf swing was measured using a Doppler radar measurement device (Trackman). A correlation analysis between each measurement and CHS (p ≤ 0.05) was conducted. We found that the peak torque of right hip extension at an angular velocity of 180°/s (male, r = 0.67; female, r = 0.61), peak CMJ power (male: r = 0.63, female: r = 0.75), and BOMB throw distance (male, r = 0.6; female, 0.6) were positively correlated with CHS in both male and female golfers. These results suggest that the extensor strength of the lower extremities and trunk, centered on the hip joint in the sagittal plane, is important for physical fitness and muscle strength measurement related to CHS. Conversely, concentric trunk rotator strength and CHS were not correlated, suggesting that concentric trunk rotator strength may not be actively involved in CHS.
Retrograde Axonal Autophagy and Endocytic Pathways Are Parallel and Separate in Neurons
Authors: Kulkarni Vineet Vinay , Stempel Max Henry , Anand Anip , Sidibe David Kader , Maday Sandra
Published: September 2022

Autophagy and endocytic trafficking are two key pathways that regulate the composition and integrity of the neuronal proteome. Alterations in these pathways are sufficient to cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, defining how autophagy and endocytic pathways are organized in neurons remains a key area of investigation. These pathways share many features and converge on lysosomes for cargo degradation, but what remains unclear is the degree to which the identity of each pathway is preserved in each compartment of the neuron. Here, we elucidate the degree of intersection between autophagic and endocytic pathways in axons of primary mouse cortical neurons of both sexes. Using microfluidic chambers, we labeled newly-generated bulk endosomes and signaling endosomes in the distal axon, and systematically tracked their trajectories, molecular composition, and functional characteristics relative to autophagosomes. We find that newly-formed endosomes and autophagosomes both undergo retrograde transport in the axon, but as distinct organelle populations. Moreover, these pathways differ in their degree of acidification and association with molecular determinants of organelle maturation. These results suggest that the identity of autophagic and newly endocytosed organelles is preserved for the length of the axon. Lastly, we find that expression of a pathogenic form of α-synuclein, a protein enriched in presynaptic terminals, increases merging between autophagic and endocytic pathways. Thus, aberrant merging of these pathways may represent a mechanism contributing to neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α-synucleinopathies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutophagy and endocytic trafficking are retrograde pathways in neuronal axons that fulfill critical degradative and signaling functions. These pathways share many features and converge on lysosomes for cargo degradation, but the extent to which the identity of each pathway is preserved in axons is unclear. We find that autophagosomes and endosomes formed in the distal axon undergo retrograde transport to the soma in parallel and separate pathways. These pathways also have distinct maturation profiles along the mid-axon, further highlighting differences in the potential fate of transported cargo. Strikingly, expression of a pathogenic variant of α-synuclein increases merging between autophagic and endocytic pathways, suggesting that mis-sorting of axonal cargo may contribute to neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α-synucleinopathies.
Global psychological assessment with the evaluation of life and sleep quality and sexual and cognitive function in a large number of patients with acromegaly: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pivonello Rosario , Auriemma Renata Simona , Delli Veneri Alessandra , Dassie Francesca , Lorusso Riccardina , Ragonese Marta , Liotta Marco , Sala Elisa , Zarino Barbara , Lai Elisa , Urbani Claudio , Bogazzi Fausto , Mantovani Giovanna , Cannavò Salvatore , Maffei Pietro , Chiodini Paolo , Colao Annamaria
Published: September 2022

Objective

Acromegaly is associated with somatic disfigurements which impair self-perception of well-being and quality of life. Nowadays, limited data are available on the interplay between hormonal excess and psychological discomfort. The study aimed at investigating the psychological profile, sleep quality, sexual function, cognitive functions, and quality of life in patients with acromegaly.

Methods

In 223 acromegaly patients from 5 referral centres, global psychological profile, sleep quality, sexual function, cognitive function, and quality of life were investigated.

Results

Depression was found in ~30% of patients, and anxiety in two-thirds, together with severe discomfort in body image mainly in women. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome risk and sleep disorders were found in >50% of patients and daily sleepiness in ~20%. Sexual dysfunction was reported in most of the patients, with the most severe impairment in women. Cognitive functions were compromised in ~10% of cases. Disease duration and patient's age and gender were the main determinants of these psychopathological conditions. Depression (P = 0.047), somatic-affective mood lowering (P = 0.021), state (P < 0.001) and trait (P = 0.013) anxiety, and body image distortion in body uneasiness test A (P < 0.001) and B (P = 0.006) were significantly worsened in patients <45 years and slightly worsened in those with disease duration less than 2 years. Male (P < 0.001) and female (P < 0.001) sexual function scores were significantly worsened in patients aged >64 years and slightly worsened in those with disease duration for more than 10 years, particularly in presence of cardiometabolic and respiratory complications. Cognitive symptoms were slightly worsened in older patients and in those with long disease duration.

Conclusions

Acromegaly is associated with a relevant impairment of psychological profile persisting despite remission and long-term medical treatment.
Exploratory genomic analysis of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms across diverse primary sites
Authors: Sun Thomas Yang , Zhao Lan , Van Hummelen Paul , Martin Brock , Hornbacker Kathleen , Lee HoJoon , Xia Li C , Padda Sukhmani K , Ji Hanlee P , Kunz Pamela
Published: September 2022

High-grade (grade 3) neuroendocrine neoplasms (G3 NENs) have poor survival outcomes. From a clinical standpoint, G3 NENs are usually grouped regardless of primary site and treated similarly. Little is known regarding the underlying genomics of these rare tumors, especially when compared across different primary sites. We performed whole transcriptome (n  = 46), whole exome (n  = 40), and gene copy number (n  = 43) sequencing on G3 NEN formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from diverse organs (in total, 17 were lung, 16 were gastroenteropancreatic, and 13 other). G3 NENs despite arising from diverse primary sites did not have gene expression profiles that were easily segregated by organ of origin. Across all G3 NENs, TP53, APC, RB1, and CDKN2A were significantly mutated. The CDK4/6 cell cycling pathway was mutated in 95% of cases, with upregulation of oncogenes within this pathway. G3 NENs had high tumor mutation burden (mean 7.09 mutations/MB), with 20% having >10 mutations/MB. Two somatic copy number alterations were significantly associated with worse prognosis across tissue types: focal deletion 22q13.31 (HR, 7.82; P = 0.034) and arm amplification 19q (HR, 4.82; P = 0.032). This study is among the most diverse genomic study of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. We uncovered genomic features previously unrecognized for this rapidly fatal and rare cancer type that could have potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Psychotropic Medication Utilization Among Children Diagnosed With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Senturias Yasmin , Ali Mir M. , West Kristina
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

To date, there has been no large, population-based study estimating the prevalence of psychotropic medication use and cooccurring medical conditions among children with fetal alcohol syndrome disorder (FASD). In addition, it is not known how psychotropic medication use varies by mental health status of the children with FASD and their health insurance coverage. This study attempts to fill this gap by analyzing a large health insurance claims database covering Medicaid and private insurance.

METHODS

The study used the 2017 IBM Watson Health MarketScan Multistate Medicaid and Commercial Claims databases. The sample for the analysis includes children between the ages of 0 and 17 with either an FASD diagnosis or a mental health diagnosis (N = 848 721 Medicaid; N = 511 061 private insurance).

RESULTS

More than half of the children with an FASD diagnosis were prescribed psychotropic medications (63% Medicaid; 57% private). Utilization rates of psychotropic medication among children with cooccurring FASD and a mental health condition (79% Medicaid; 71% private) were higher compared to children with a mental health diagnosis but no FASD (57% Medicaid; 57% private). Stimulants were the most commonly prescribed. Encephalopathy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and epilepsy were the 3 most common cooccurring diagnosis among children with FASD using psychotropic medication under Medicaid compared to encephalopathy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety with private insurance.

CONCLUSIONS

These results exemplify the complexity of the neurobehavioral profile of children with FASD and the challenge of treatment. Future studies may determine how supportive services for these children will affect psychotropic medication use.
Breastfeeding, nature’s gift for infant growth and development
Authors: Restrepo-Gualteros Sonia , Escobar-Córdoba Franklin
Published: September 2022

Exclusive breastfeeding (BF) is the best feeding option for infants under 6 months of age. After this age, complementary feeding with other solid foods and liquids is advised for 1 to 2 years in addition to breast milk or formula. It is well established that BF has physical and emotional health benefits for both mother and child, as it has been demonstrated that it improves long-term neurological development, decreases the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, and stimulates the immune system function in children, while also reducing sleep deprivation in mothers and strengthening the mother-child relationship.1
Yongsan, Pig Poop and Apartments
Authors:   Center for Asia & Diaspora studies, Kim Gemini
Published: September 2022

South Korea experienced rapid change and development before and after WWII. As cities grow bigger, ‘smelly facilities’ which were initially located in suburban areas, had to move away from cities, one after another. This research follows two facilities: Yongsan machine factories, and pig farms typically run by Hansen’s disease patients. Industrial Yongsan appeared around the 1910s during the Japanese occupation until the factory relocation plan started in the 1970s under the regime of President Park Chung-hee.
From a suburban area, Yongsan became the center of Seoul. It shows that neighbors are qualified and welcome to stay in the city by its factory relocation plan. Small cities also grew bigger and so-called ‘Innovation Cities’ were built in 10 different areas of South Korea. From early 2010, newly located innovation cities confronted the ‘smelly pig farm’ right in front of them and the conflict began between residents.
This article argues what mobility justice challenges when citizens want to choose their ‘right’ neighbors and follows who makes the decision of one’s mobility.
The Correlation of Critical Thinking and Concept Mastery to Problem-solving Skills: The Role of Complexity Science-Problem Based Learning Model
Authors: Amanda Finga Fitri , Sumitro Sutiman Bambang , Lestari Sri Rahayu , Ibrohim Ibrohim
Published: September 2022

Critical thinking skills and concept mastery are essential for every individual to solve a problem. Critical thinking is an indispensable complex skill in the 21st century. This study describe that the contribution of critical thinking and concept mastery to problem-solving skills through CS-PBL is 65.3%. It could be concluded that CS-PBL is applicable to develop students' critical thinking skills and concept mastery and impacts their problem-solving skills. Accordingly, the implementation of CS-PBL is strongly recommended.
Russian Poetry as an Ethical and Aesthetic Dominant in the Work of the Poets of the “Thaw” (on the Example of D. Samoilov’s Poems)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Abelskaya Raisa Sh.
Published: September 2022

Using the poem “Pestel, the Poet and Anna” as an example, it is shown how admiration for the “golden” and “silver age” of Russian poetry, which act as a single ethical and aesthetic tuning fork, is combined in D. Samoilov’s poems. So, Pestel’s speech is sustained in the spirit of the Decembrist poetics, which was read by Samoilov through the prism of O. Mandelstam’s poem “The Decembrist”. In addition, the image of the Moldavian woman Anna, singing outside the window during the conversation between Pushkin and Pestel, appears as a poetic ideal that unites three significant eras for D. Samoilov: Pushkin’s, Akhmatova’s and his own. The purpose of the article is to trace, using the example of D. Samoilov’s poems, how such an appeal to the poetry of the “Golden” and “Silver Ages” (as to a single indisputable model) is fulfilled in the work of poets of the 1960s.
The Theory of Personality in the A. Grigoriev’s Critical Legacy of the 1840s–1860s
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ivanova Lyubov D.
Published: September 2022

The article attempts to synthesize the ideas and statements of the original writer of the middle of the XIX century Ap. Grigoriev about personality and the problems of its functioning in society. The process of anthropological views formation throughout the entire period of the “organic criticism” author creativity is shown. Particular attention is paid to the statement of the problem of personality in the 1840s, socio­psychological and moral aspects of problem of personality in critical articles of the 1850s–1860s. It is proved that the search for ways to harmonize the person inner world and the social relations was the main thing in A. A. Grigoriev’s work. Comparison of Ap. Grigoriev’s position on the problem of personality, that was the one of the most important in literary and artistic criticism of the middle of the XIX century, with the other journalists of the studied period point of view makes the results of the study more revealing and the general conclusions at the end of each of the analyzed stages of the critic’s work more convincing.
The Existential Approach to Students’ Educational Success
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Vindeker Olga S. , Berdnikova Daria V.
Published: September 2022

The relevance of an existential approach to the issue of students’ educational success analyzed. The problem related to the contradiction between the existential needs of a young person and the need to achieve social success, including in educational activities, formulated. The socio­economic context of the requirements imposed on a young person (the ability to generate income, demand in the labor market, human and educational capital) discussed. At the same time, educational success is not limited to academic achievements, At the same time, it is noted that educational success is not limited to academic achievements, but implies a high level of existential well­being of the student. It means that students’ educational activities are filled with meaning. Students creatively and responsibly approach the learning process. Students develop reflection and access to their internal processes, emotions, feelings and experiences. This thesis is confirmed by the existing ideas of the authors about educational success, which are analyzed in the context of the main existential data according to I. Yalom. Among them are the search for meaning, the problem of freedom and responsibility, being with others, life and its finiteness. The possibilities and limitations of the existential approach to the problem of educational success discussed. A model of educational success proposed, in which an important component is the students’ “existential well­being”. The conclusion made about the prospects of the existential approach in the research of educational success.
Ideas about vaccination and coping strategies among young people vaccinated against COVID-19
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yakshina Yulia D. , Kuvaeva Irina O. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: September 2022

The results of an empirical study of coping behavior features regarding the vaccinated youth living in different cities of the Russian Federation are presented. The evidence has been provided that the dominant reason for vaccination is the requirement of the employer or university. Vaccinated youth use active protective actions, problem-solving planning, positive reassessment and search for social support in a specific difficult situation (the need for vaccination against COVID19) as behavioral strategies.
La Russia e Gli Anni Novanta. Una Primavera Dimenticata. Russia and the 1990s. A forgotten spring
Authors:   University of Milan, Vitale Alessandro
Published: September 2022

In the West, it is increasingly difficult to talk about the years of the crisis of the Soviet Union, about the processes that they set in motion, as well as the turning point of 1991, the people who participated in it firsthand, with their hopes, their courage, their illusions and their fears. Moreover, it is also difficult to talk about the 1990s experienced in Russia with any hope of being understood. Indeed, this era now seems light-years away, in the face of what has happened since the 2000s. Even scholars can no longer grasp its meaning and simply end up describing it in heavily negative tones. Thus, the rough and repetitive stereotypes about Russia, about its “autocratic destiny,” about the Russian people being “incapable of self-government” and renewal, the bearers of a “destiny of servitude,” burdened with the “unchanging” character already described by the Marquis Astolphe de Custine in the 19th century, easily prevail. However, in spite of that, those years contain very different and useful insights and tools for reading the history and political evolution of post-Soviet Russia. Those years, which may be called the “Springtime of Russia,” were the fruit of a long process full of attempts at renewal and enthusiasms that gave a new dignity to the Russian people — alongside and on the same level as that of the other peoples of the Union — and the pride of a regained belonging, after having been humiliated for decades. The brakes on the renewal that begun chaotically in those years have favored and are favoring hasty interpretations and stereotypes. From nationalism to the “loss of empire syndrome,” from the obsession with internal security to the difficult relationship between state and society, to the failure to consolidate a federal structure, all these elements have contributed to fostering a distorted image of contemporary Russian history. The image that forgets fifteen years of life that were full of potential and quite different from how they are portrayed. Going against the mainstream in judging those years — denigrated and often misunderstood — the article’s author also draws on personal experience from more than three decades of exploring Russia and participating directly in the events the country experienced at the turn of the millennium.
Motivating Youth Volunteering
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Merenkov Anatoly V. , Khorova Polina A. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: September 2022

The active development of volunteering in Russia is determined by different motives for the activities of people included in the provision of free assistance to those who find themselves in a difficult life situation. It is noted that volunteering is inclusive, universal and becomes popular with the population. The article discusses motives that encourage students and young people who work on a voluntary basis to take care of the elderly, children left without parents, to contribute to solving important tasks of protecting nature, improving villages, small and large cities. Data from a sociological study of the motives for youth participation in volunteer activities showed that they contradictory combine the values of a culture of cooperation and a culture of egoism. For the vast majority, the main motive for volunteering is compassion, mercy, and the desire to make life easier for people who face difficulties. At the same time, for some volunteers, self-approval in activities approved by society, acquisition of communication skills, and establishment of useful contacts are significant motives. The problem of organizing work on the selection of volunteers for various types of volunteer activities is posed.
Adaptation of Chinese Students in the Multicultural Environment of Russian Higher Education in the Period of Distance Learning
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Belyaeva Ekaterina A.
Published: September 2022

The processes of globalization lead to a constant increase in mobility. The changing society has long ceased to be a closed and limited system of nation-states. The aim of the research is to determine the conditions of social adaptation of students in multicultural environment in the period of distance learning. The problem of finding the concept that provides adaptability and sustainability of the personality, capable of successful development and interaction in the multicultural space of the Russian university is actualized. A series of sociological studies on the problems of interaction between Russian and Chinese students in the educational space of universities was conducted. In 2016, the project «Russian-Chinese dialogue: the way to meet each other» was implemented within the Program of development of student associations’ activities supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 2016-PSO-94 with our participation. A survey involved Chinese and Russian students from three universities in Yekaterinburg (500 Russian and 500 Chinese students participated in the survey). In 2019-2020 a survey was carried out among Russian universities according to the author’s methodology of the matrix of four bases (500 Chinese students). In 2020, we dealt with 2 focus groups with Chinese students. and administered in-depth interviews with Chinese professionals who graduated from Russian higher education (50 Chinese graduates of Russian universities). The geography of the research included the leading universities of Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk. The obtained data and coordination of the conclusions with a number of studies require creating a system for training multicultural educatorsto provide distance learning.
De Opressores a Oprimidos: Estressores Psicossociais e Satisfação Laboral de Agentes Prisionais
Authors: Brandão Ludmila R. Freitas , Carvalho Virgínia D.
Published: September 2022

Resumo Em sua proposição de analisar a relação entre estressores psicossociais e satisfação no trabalho dos responsáveis pela custódia dos presos no sistema tradicional e na Associação de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados - APAC, o estudo envolveu 206 participantes, que responderam às escalas para avaliação de estressores psicossociais e de satisfação no trabalho e ao formulário sociodemográfico. Após avaliação das propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos, análises de regressão hierárquica foram desenvolvidas. Os estressores explicaram a variância da satisfação no trabalho, independentemente do tipo de sistema prisional, que também demonstrou capacidade explicativa, indicando maiores níveis de satisfação laboral no método APAC. Os aspectos intrínsecos ao trabalho foram preditores de todas as dimensões de satisfação, seguidos por falta de suporte social e pressão do grau de responsabilidade. A satisfação com a chefia foi a variável mais sensível aos estressores. Os achados salientam a importância da ambiência psicossocial para o bem ou mal-estar dos trabalhadores.
Psychometric validation of the audio-guided rBVQ instrument for bullying evaluation among students
Authors: Ferreira-Junior Valdemir , Coutinho-Lourenco Fausto , Menezes Alessandra A. S. , Gusmoes Julia Dell , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Sanchez Zila M.
Published: September 2022

Abstract The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (rBVQ) is an internationally used instrument to identify bullying, but due to Brazilian students’ low proficiency in reading and writing, it had to be adapted for audio-guided use through smartphones. We investigated construct validity, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), under a two-correlated factor solution. Participated 1,742 fifth graders and 2,316 seventh graders from 30 public schools in the city of São Paulo. We found excellent fit indices models for both grades (fifth grade: CFI=0.985, RMSEA=0.020; seventh grade: CFI=0.990, RMSEA=0.015), as well as factor loading higher than 0.4 for all items, indicating their relevance to the construct. The rBVQ demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and may help future studies that aim to investigate bullying in populations with similar profiles. In addition, this study innovates by evaluating an audio-guided instrument and using mobile technology.
Impact of artificial diets on the biological and chemical properties of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
Authors: Abdel-Hameid N. F.
Published: September 2022

Abstract One of the most common palm pests is the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. Five artificial diets were evaluated to rear RPW, and to facilitate its behavioral and biological studies. The developmental of R. ferruginus was studied on the tested artificial diets based on primarily composed of sugarcane stem pieces (1st diet; control), sweet pumpkin (2nd diet), ground sugarcane + sweet pumpkin (3rd diet), sweet potato (4th diet) and ground sugarcane + sweet potato (5th diet) under rearing room (28 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 5 RH%) at Faculty of Agriculture in Benha district. The biological aspects, pre-oviposition, oviposition, larval & pupal durations, the longevity of male and female adults and the generation period of R. ferrugineus have all been estimated. Moreover, the impact of these artificial diets on the quantities of total proteins, carbohydrates and lipids were determined in the full-grown larvae. Obtained results showed that the insect manifested the shortest larval and pupal periods and the longest longevity for males and females when rearing of R. ferruginus took place on an artificial diet based on sweet potato as a successful and economical for mass rearing of the red palm weevil under laboratory conditions. Larvae fed on diet 4 (sweet potato) was exhibited the shortest duration (114.80 days), while 1st diet (Sugarcane stem pieces) was recorded the longest period (125.00 ± days). Similarly for pupation and both male and female longevity, the shortest periods resulted from larvae feeding on 4th diet (14.65, 49.40 and 48.0 days, respectively). Contrariwise, the longest pupal period was reported with 5th diet (15.70 days). The highest of eggs hatchability % (96.53%) resulted from the rearing nof R. ferruginus larvae on the 4th diet. Chemical analyses of the full-grown larva were indicated that the highest contents of total carbohydrates (45.57 µg/g), lipids (28.46 µg/g) and proteins (20.01µg/g) were obtained in case of larvae reared on 1st and 4th diets, respectively. Consequently, the development of R. ferruginus stages was slightly lower on both 1st and 4th artificial diets. So that, both of them were a successful and economic artificial diet for RPW development under laboratory conditions. Therefore, this study added valuable alternative ingredients to prepare more practical and economical feeding substrate for weevil rearing to help for proposal of its management and conservation in palm plantations.
Culturas de participação de jovens: o caso das regiões fronteiriças em Portugal
Authors: Silva Nicolas Martins da , Pinheiro Sara , Silva Sofia Marques da
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este artigo busca fazer o retrato de culturas de participação de jovens do ensino secundário e residentes em regiões de fronteira em Portugal continental. Essas regiões são, em geral, marcadas por desigualdades económicas, sociais e culturais que se traduzem em menores oportunidades de oferta educativa, emprego e espaços de participação. A partir de uma perspetiva da sociologia da juventude, analisam-se dados de um questionário aplicado a 3968 jovens de 38 municípios com o objetivo de mapear a participação jovem e discutir propostas para outras formas de participação às quais têm menos acesso. Os resultados apontam para algumas diferenças entre sexos e de classe social, revelando que se envolvem mais em atividades desportivas e menos em atividades de participação política e cívica. Conclui-se que os contextos aqui em análise têm uma menor diversidade de oferta de espaços de participação, que se traduz num menor envolvimento de jovens. Este trabalho aponta para a pertinência de se equacionarem modelos de participação centrados em jovens e por eles e elas protagonizados. Contribui-se, com este trabalho, para uma análise do espectro da participação jovem em contextos menos estudados como os rurais e de regiões fronteiriças.
Monitoração eletrônica e recidivismo criminal: uma análise da literatura
Authors: Silveira Andréa Maria
Published: September 2022

Resumo O uso da monitoração eletrônica (ME) pelo sistema de justiça criminal brasileiro vem se expandindo desde o final da primeira década do novo milênio e a sua aplicação está hoje presente em todos os estados da federação. Muitas polêmicas cercam a utilização da ME no Brasil e no mundo, estando no centro dos debates o seu potencial desencarcerador, o estigma que vitima as pessoas monitoradas, o direito à privacidade, e o seu papel na redução da reincidência e na reabilitação de infratores. Este artigo trata da relação entre monitoração eletrônica e reincidência criminal, apresentando os fundamentos teóricos utilizados por aqueles que defendem o potencial da ME em reduzir a reincidência e os achados de principais investigações internacionais que avaliaram a reincidência de pessoas monitoradas por meio de estudos de caso-controle publicados no período de 2001 a 2021. Os achados apontam estudos pouco abrangentes, que monitoraram o recidivismo dos participantes por tempo limitado. Os resultados são divergentes e não sustentam a afirmação genérica de que a monitoração eletrônica reduz a recidiva criminal.