bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
Authors: Atta Sagheer , Siddiq Maroof , Ashiq Sidra , Hannan Abdul
Published: March 2019

Citrus is one of the most widely grown fruit crop in the world. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most economically important viral pathogen of citrus and causes different disease syndromes. The use of infected bud wood and aphids are the main cause of spread of CTV. The virus is genetically diverse and causes various symptoms like slow and quick decline, stunting, stem pitting, vein clearing and seedling yellows. Strategies have been developed to reduce the economic losses caused by CTV. Quarantine measures, bud wood certification, mild strain cross protection and eradication programs are some of the strategies that can prevent the spread of this disease. New approaches are provided by advancement in genetic engineering and molecular biology. Transgenic plants have been developed to provide resistance against the disease.
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF WHITE RUST (ALBUGO CANDIDA) OF RAPESEED THROUGH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FUNGICIDES
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Atiq Muhammad , Sahi Shahbaz T. , Ali Safdar , Nawaz Ahmed , Ali Yasir , Subhani Ahmad , Saleem Amir
Published: March 2019

Brassica napus (Rapeseed) affected by white rust is a major threat in Pakistan causing 60-90% yield losses. Two susceptible varieties of Brassica napus DGL and Oscar were sown in research area of department of Plant Pathology during 2016-17. Eight commercial fungicides were applied to check their efficacy to manage the white rust disease. Two concentrations (0.25% and 0.50%) of each fungicide were applied on weekly interval with hand sprayer separately on each variety. It was concluded that among all fungicides, Swing 72% (Metalaxyl 8% +Mancozeb 64%) was found most effective in reducing the disease incidence. It reduced the disease incidence effectively upto 24.09% followed by Antracol (Propineb 70%) 34.7%.
EFFICACY OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE TO CONTROL CROWN ROT OF BANANA CAUSED BY FUSARIUM SEMITECTUM
Authors: Ather Muhammad , Waris Muhammad , Azhar Muhammad , Ahmed Saeed , Ahmed Masood , Basharat Muhammad , Mohsin Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Crown rot disease of Banana is adversely affecting the quantity and quality of the fruits for consumption and utilization. The bananas collected from the local markets of Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar and Quetta were found suffered with different types of rots such as crown rot, anthracnose, fruit rot and stem end rot. Among them crown rot of banana was found predominantly followed by anthracnose and other fruit rots. Incidence and severity varied with the markets and locations. Fusarium semitectum found predominately associated with the affected fruits showing crown rot symptoms. So yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were evaluated against F. semitectum under in-vitro conditions. S. cerevisiae also tested against crown rot disease development of banana fruit inoculated with F. semitectum. The addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the culture medium has brought 93% reduction in the growth of F. semitectum. yeast were also tested against crown rot disease development on banana fruits by direct contact method. Yeast treatment brought more than 40% reduction in crown rot disease development as compared to the untreated fruits. The present study indicates that active yeast have the potential to manage harmful plant pathogens and thus could provide an alternate, reliable and eco-friendly control of crown rot disease.
OCCURRENCE OF A2 MATING TYPE AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF OOSPORES OF PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS IN GOLESTAN PROVINCE OF IRAN
Authors: Zolfaghary Amir
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the mating types, origin and micromorphology of oospores of Ph. infestans isolated from the potato fields in Golestan province of Iran during 2014-16. In total, 197 isolates were assessed for mating type. The average frequencies of mating types A1 and A2 were 85.8 and 14.2% respectively. A2 mating type was found only from two regions. A total of 9 self-fertile isolates (5.3%), which only belonged to the A1 mating type were detected. The average value for oospore production index (OPI) within the interaction zone between the two isolates was estimated one (very low) in A1×A1 and four (very high) in A1×A2 crosses. Oospores of hybrid origin were observed in A1 ×A2 and self-fertile oospores only in A1 ×A1 paired cultures. Parthenogenetic oospores (without antheridia) were not observed in A1 ×A1 or A2 ×A2 paired cultures. The results of oospores micromorphology indicated that the antheridia in hybrid oospores were amphigynous and from half spheric to nearly spheric, almost hyaline, from 18.5-23.5 × 10.5-15.5 µm in size. Oogonia were nearly spheric from nacarat to brown in colour. The colour of the hybrid oospores varied from brown to dark-brown, spheric, varied from 25-35 µm in diameter with two thick walls with thickness of 2.5-5.5 µm. The self-fertile oospores were with a thin wall with thickness of 1.5 µm, spherical and varied from 40-60 µm in diameter. The monitoring of A1 and A2 mating type ratios of oospores are important to aid in the prediction of the extent of sexual recombination and thus the risk of long-lived oospores serving as primary inoculum sources in the main potato production regions.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANT ACTIVATORS AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI CAUSING ROOT ROT OF CHILLI
Authors: Baloch Muhammad S. , Rajput Nasir A. , Atiq Muhammad , Rehman Abdul , Khan Samiya M. , Naveed Khalid , Ullah Sana , Khan Babar , Baloch Noor M.
Published: March 2019

Chilli is an important horticultural crop all over the world. Root rot of chilli is the most important disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani responsible for immense losses. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) acting as a significant part in the proficiency of plants to protect themselves by means of hyper-sensitive reaction (HR) of plants toward the destructive pathogens. Additionally, SAR reveals as long time defense approach that may be weeks to months or sometimes throughout the entire season. The aim of this study was to induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against R. solani in chilli crop. Five plant activators salicylic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), di-potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), benzoic acid and citric acid were evaluated under Lab. and field conditions with three different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%). Salicylic acid gave better result at 3% concentration. After 3rd application, salicylic acid at 21 days interval expressed minimum disease incidence as compared to others treatments. At concentration of 3 % after twenty-one days of spraying salicylic acid showed minimum disease incidence (9.667%) followed by KH2PO4 (16.433%), K2HPO4 (20.241%), benzoic acid (23.367%) and citric acid (28.667%) while control expressed maximum disease incidence (86.467%). So, it is concluded that salicylic acid gave better result than others treatments.
OUTBREAK OF ANTHRACNOSE AND STEM END ROT DISEASES OF MANGO IN CHANGING CLIMTE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT THROUGH HOT WATER TREATMENT
Authors: Malik Muhammad T. , Tariq Talal , Khan Abid H. , Ullah Hameed , Imran Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Zainab Aneela
Published: March 2019

Pakistan is the 6th largest producer of mangoes which are known world over for their superior traits but export of mangoes from Pakistan is quite limited due to post-harvest diseases like anthracnose and stem-end rot (SER) mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, respectively. These diseases are aggravating day by day due to environmental changes in mango producing region of Pakistan. Quarantine of mangoes through physical methods like Hot Water Treatment (HWT) is always preferred by the foreign markets because of its high effectiveness in reducing the post-harvest diseases. During 2012-13, keeping in view the importance of HWT, a comprehensive study was conducted to standardize the temperature and dip duration levels for HWT along with a fungicide named Nativo (Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole) @ 0.3g/L of water for mango Cvs. Sindhri, S.B. Chaunsa, Fajri and Sufaid Chaunsa using newly developed HWT facility at Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute, Multan for the control of post-harvest diseases with a little focus on other fruit quality parameters as well. HWT resulted in better marketability of fruits due to uniform peel color development and visual quality rating (VQR). Control of (SER) with either of both high levels of temperature (54°C) and dip duration (06minutes) simultaneously or any of one high level along was noted in all the tested varieties with 77.27 to 85.26% disease reduction in contrast to control of anthracnose which was effectively minimized with the range of 77.24 to 90.36% through low temperature (52°C) and low dip level (03minutes) in case of Sindhri and S.B. Chaunsa while 52°C for 06 minutes and 54°C for 06 minutes showed good performance in case of Cvs. Fajri and Sufaid Chaunsa, respectively. Surely, this study developed the understanding of mango industry stake holders with efficient use of safe and cheaper physical method i.e. HWT to control post-harvest diseases to enhance the mango export from Pakistan.
OPTIMIZATION OF KING OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS ERYNGII) PRODUCTION AGAINST COTTON WASTE AND FENUGREEK STRAW
Authors: Iqbal Waseem , Jahangir Muhammad M. , Ayyub Chaudhary M. , Khan Nasir A. , Samin Ghufrana , Khatana Muhammad A.
Published: March 2019

King oyster (Pleurotus eryngii) mushroom is a palatable mushroom with high commercial potential due to relative ease of its growing technology, less cost of production and better yield potential, making it popular throughout the world. Therefore, an experiment was set up to assess the efficacy of different agro-wastes [cotton waste (CW) and fenugreek straw (FS)] on the morphology, yield and nutritional components of two strains (Pleurotus eryngii P9 strain and Pleurotus eryngii P10 strain) of Pleurotus eryngii. Studied indicators regarding time for pinhead formation, fruiting body development, biological efficiency and yield of both strains were significantly affected by different formulations of substrates. Substrates with 100 % CW exhibited maximum number of pinheads, yield and biological efficiency for both strains of king oyster as compared to other substrates alone or in mixture. This experiment indicates the possibility of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation on cotton waste and fenugreek straw in controlled conditions for enhanced growth and yield.
FIELD CASE INVESTIGATIONS OF MANGO MALFORMATION DISEASE IN FIVE DISTRICTS OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB AND ITS BIOLOGICAL MEDIATED MANAGEMENT UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
Authors: Malik Muhammad T. , Naqvi Syed A. H. , Bakhsh Malik A. , Tariq Talal
Published: March 2019

Mango is the king of fruits and keeps the status of national tree in some countries. Pakistani Mangoes are considered to the best in the world due to its shape, taste, flavor and deliciousness. Mango malformation is said to be the hundred century old disease consistently a source of losses for the mango industry. Extensive mango orchard’s survey showed a dynamic presence of the disease in the orchards. On the basis of visual systems the trees were evaluated and hence maximum disease severity (41.44) was recorded in District Layyah where the soils were observed more clayey as compared to the other districts of the South Punjab. Similarly, Multan ranked second in the infestation of Mango Malformation disease severity in the orchards while (30.11) was calculated in Lodhran followed by Muzaffar-Garh with (27.11) and Khanewal with (23.33). The fungus was identified as Fusarium mangiferae under the microscope and for the biological mediated management of the pathogen as hypothesized that if successful may be the best possible solution for the management of the disease in the orchards by utilizing the various Trichoderma spp. T. harzianum gave best control against F.mangiferae by depicting 71% inhibition against the pathogenic fungi. The use of Trichoderma spp against the pathogenic fungi will open new avenues in the biological control tactics of the plant diseases.
Clinical Trial Regulations In India : Past, Present and Future
Authors: Rashid Haroon
Published: March 2019

Clinical trials are the only way of establishing the safety and efficacy of any new drug before its introduction in the market for human use. Clinical trials (with safeguards) are necessary for introduction of new drugs for a country like India, considering its disease burden and emergence of new variants of disease.The regulatory bodies need to frame guidelines and regulatory approval processes on a par with international standards. Many of the new laws, guidance documents, notifications and initiatives for regulating pharmaceutical industry were in the charts for quite a long time. Indian regulatory authorities have started looking into speedy implementation and providing support in terms ofnecessary infrastructure and investment. JMS 2017; 20(1):5-17
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in clinical diagnostic microbiology
Authors: SKIMS Editor
Published: March 2019

Microbial identification in clinical diagnostic laboratories mainly relies on conventional phenotypic and gene sequencing identification techniques. Recently development of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) devices has revolutionized the routine identification of microorganisms in clinical microbiology laboratories. This is an easy, rapid, high throughput, low-cost, and efficient identification technique and has been adapted to the constraint of clinical diagnostic laboratories. This technology has the potential to replace and/or complement conventional identification techniques for both bacterial and fungal strains. JMS 2017; 20(1):54
Addition of Fentanyl to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for Caesarian section – effect on dose of local anesthetic and duration of postoperative analgesia – a randomized comparative study
Authors: Mir Ghulam Mohammed , Haadi Mohammed Abdul
Published: March 2019

Background: Spinal anesthesia is commonly used for caesarian section for its reliability and ease of administration. However, it is limited by fixed duration of anesthesia, hypotension and lesser control of block height. The combination of reduced dose of local anesthetic agent with intrathecal opioid makes it possible to achieve adequate spinal anesthesia with minimum hypotension and prolonged postoperative analgesia. The study aims to monitor the effect of intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine on reduction of higher blocks and simultaneously improving the quality and avoiding higher doses of local anesthesia agents.

Methods: Forty patients scheduled for elective caesarian section were divided in to two groups of twenty each. Group I patients received Bupivacaine 12.5 mg (0.5%) for spinal anesthesia and group II patients received combination of Bupivacaine 8.5 mg (0.5%) with fentanyl 25 mcg. Patients were observed for hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, pruritus, quality of surgical anesthesia and duration of postoperative analgesia.

Results: All the patients had adequate surgical anesthesia for the procedure and in no patient conversion to general anesthesia was required. Peak sensory level was higher (T2-T3 vs T4-T6) and motor block was more intense in the regular dose bupivacaine group of patients. More patients in bupivacaine only group developed hypotension and the requirement of vasopressors was significantly higher than the low dose bupivacaine with fentanyl group. Also the Visual analogue scale score for pain was less in the bupivacaine-fentanyl group, who received less postoperative analgesics for first twelve hours.

Conclusions:  We conclude that combination of low dose bupivacaine (8.5mg) with fentanyl provides adequate surgical anesthesia for caesarian section and with low incidence of hypotension and nausea. Also, addition of fentanyl helps in prolongation of postoperative analgesia. JMS 2017;20(2):62-68
Rare Case of Inguinal Hernia in a Female Patient
Authors: Malik Liaqat Ahmad , Malik Ajaz Ahmad , Dar Parvez Mohi u din
Published: March 2019

75 years was referred from SMHS hospital as a case of left-sided irreducible inguinal hernia. The patient was a known case of rheumatic heart disease on multiple drugs. The patient was having a history of constipation for 4 days and mild pain lower abdomen. All investigations were within normal limit and patient was afebrile. The abdomen was soft, nondistended. There was mild tenderness over the right inguinal region and a soft boggy swelling was palpable. It was nonreducible.  JMS 2018;21(1):47
Surgical Perspective of Wound Site Infection at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Malik Ajaz Ahmad , Bari Shams Ul , Bhat Sajjid H , Zaroo M Inam
Published: March 2019

Background:

Surgical wound infection is a common postoperative complication and causes significant postoperative morbidity and mortality, prolongs hospital stay, and adds to hospital costs.

Aims and objectives: This study was designed and carried out in the Department of General surgery SKIMS Srinagar in order to find infection rate after clean and clean-contaminated surgery in our hospital, to study the clinical profile of patients with surgical site infections (SSI), to find out the common organisms involved in different wound infections and to study the risk factors for postoperative wound Infections.

Methods: This study was carried out prospectively in the Department of General and Minimal Access Surgery SKIMS, Srinagar from February 2012 to January 2014 on 117 cases that underwent clean and clean-contaminated surgery.

Results: In our study, the frequency of Surgical Site Infection was 13%. The incidence amongst clean surgical cases was 6.5%   and amongst clean-contaminated cases 19.3%.

Conclusion: Despite prophylactic use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the availability of modern surgical and sterilization techniques, postoperative wound infection still remains a major contributory factor of morbidity in patients who underwent surgical procedures. JMS 2018;21(1):17-23
Endoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer- A Review
Authors: Wani Rauf Ahmad , Mehraj Asif
Published: March 2019

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Total mesorectal excision (TME) remains the gold standard treatment for any stage of rectal cancer, especially in more advanced disease, as it effectively treats the mesorectal lymph nodes and reduces recurrence [1]. Minimally invasive abdominal approach has been established to be oncologically safe, feasible and associated with all the advantages of minimal access surgery, however, it has not had a measurable impact on the incidence of postoperative complications, sexual and urinary dysfunction, or quality of life. TME performed either via open, laparoscopic or robotic approach is accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality [2]. In addition, widespread adoption of laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery has been limited by the technical complexity and steep learning curve. In an effort to harness the advantages of a minimally invasive approach to beneﬁt patients with colorectal pathology, trans anal natural oriﬁce transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has been explored, with promising preliminary results, particularly when used for rectal cancer and other benign lesions. NOTES in Rectal lesions can be carried out using Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS) and Transanal Minimal Invasive Surgery (TAMIS), which can be together termed as Transanal endoscopic surgery. JMS 2018;21(1):3-10
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Ampulla of Vater: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rasool Zubaida , Nazir Mir Wajahat , Khursheed Sumat Ul
Published: March 2019

Background: Adenosquamous carcinomas are very rare tumors of the ampulla of Vater with only seven cases reported in literature.                        

Case report: We report a case of adenosquamous carcinoma in a 40-year male that was a known case of chronic pancreatitis and presented on follow up with a contrast enhancing 2.3 x 2.1 cm lesion in the ampullary region. JMS 2018;21(1):44-46
Primary Gall Bladder Carcinoma: A one year prospective study at a tertiary care centre.
Authors: Rasool Zubaida , Samoon Nuzhat , Bhat Nazia , Nazier Huzaifa , Gupta Kanika
Published: March 2019

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma is not an uncommon clinical entity in the Indian scenario, unlike western countries. It is predominantly a disease of females. Association between gallstones and Gallbladder carcinoma is strong. Its carcinogenesis follows a progression through a metaplasia−dysplasia−carcinoma sequence. An early diagnosis is essential as this malignancy progresses silently with a late diagnosis, often proving fatal. Therefore, every gallbladder should be subjected to routine histopathological examination because with identification of an earlygallbladder carcinoma a curative resection may be possible, and these patients have a good survival rate.Methods: This was a prospective study done on 22 cases of gallbladder carcinomas over a period of 1 year from 1st November 2017 to 1st November 2018.Results: Present study showed that gallbladder cancer is predominantly a disease of elderly females. In the present study, abdominal pain 18 cases (81.81%) followed by anorexia 15 cases (68.18%)and dyspepsia14cases(63.63%) was the most common presenting symptom present. Cholelithiasis was found in only 5 (22.72%) of our patients. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathologic variant found in 20 cases (90.90%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma 2cases (9.09%).Conclusions: Every gallbladder should be subjected to routine histopathological examination because with the early-stage disease a curative resection may be possible, and these patients have good long-term survival. JMS 2018: 21 (2):91-94
Factors affecting operating time in resection of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Parray Fazl Q , Sofi Mudasir , Shaheen Feroze , Chowdri Nisar A , Wani Rauf A
Published: March 2019

Background:- Rectal cancer continues to be a challenging disease which most of the time needs proper staging and multimodal management to achieve the best possible cure rates. For operating surgeons, many factors may play a role in predicting the technical difficulties while conducting the operation.Objective: Objective of this study is to understand the relationship between Age, body mass index (BMI), Gender and patients anatomical factors on operating time in resection of mid-low rectal cancer.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of two years from Sept 2015 to Sept 2017. The study was conducted in the Department of General and Minimal Invasive Surgery, SKIMS which included 29 patients with mid-lower rectal cancer, who underwent anterior resection. Demographic data, body mass index (BMI), distance of tumor from anal verge and pelvimetry measurements were collected and analyzed with respect to operating time using co-relation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis, and linear regression.Results: The study included 20 (68.96%) females and 9 (31.03%) males.The mean operating time was 136.72±30.09. Multivariate analysis showed that parameters such as BMI (P=0.05), anatomical transverse distance (IP) (P=0.000), interischial distance (IS) (0.004), intertuberous distance (IT) (P=0.003), angle 5 (the angle of the lower border of symphysis pubis to the upper border of symphysis pubis to the sacralpromontory) (p=0.017) and distance of tumor from anal verge (Td) (p=0.001), were statistically significant. Whereas parameters such as Interacetabular distance (IA) (P=0.11) and distance from Pubis to coccyx (COSY) (P=0.674) had no statistical significance.Conclusion: Gender, BMI, angle 5, tumor distance from anal verge, transverse diameters of the pelvis except IA, and COSY played the most important role in affecting operating time. The equation can be very useful tool for pre-operative assessment. JMS 2018: 21 (2):77-83
Are nanomaterials really safe?
Authors: Shiekh Farooq A , Lodhi Mohammad Uzair , Yousuf Syed Douhath , Qureshi Taha A , Mudassar Syed
Published: March 2019

Nanotechnology is not but many nanoscale technologies with powerful engineering to control nanomaterials or matter-building atom-by-atom is gaining speed and focus. Although, the organization and creation of nanotechnology products or materials is not random, unfortunately a little is done about the mechanisms or rules that govern its assembly and toxicity. As a result, environmental health and safety agencies around the world continue to grapple with how best to regulate these novel materials.

Taken together, the focus must be directed towards approaches and sophisticated tools for risk assessment and management. This review article continues the debate and offers a unique view perspective from the vantage point of a nanotechnologist. JMS 2018: 21 (2):72-76
DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY: Utility and solving diagnostic dilemmas
Authors: Malik Ajaz A
Published: March 2019

Diagnostic laparoscopy is the basic procedure in laparoscopic surgery that has wide utility in practice, thus avoiding morbidity associated with open surgery. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive technique wherein a fibre optic instrument is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in abdomen/pelvis and permit the diagnosis and necessary surgical procedure. Nowadays, almost all general surgical procedures can be performed using minimal invasive techniques. Laparoscopy can be performed both for diagnostic as well as for therapeutic purposes. JMS 2018: 21 (2):70-71
Hydrocortisone plus Fludrocortisone -- Promising rescue in septic Shock:
Authors: Malik Ajaz A
Published: March 2019

Septic shock is defined by a dysregulated host response to infection, resulting in life-threatening circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities. The short-term mortality is approximately 45-50%, and around half of survivors of sepsis may have subsequent long-term cognitive decline. Apart from early hemodynamic, respiratory resuscitation and appropriate antimicrobial treatments, there is no approved adjunct therapy for sepsis.  JMS 2018: 21 (2):134-135
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pelaporan Gangguan Dan Restitusi Pelanggan Internet Corporate Berbasis Web (Studi Kasus Di PT. Indosat Mega Media West Regional)
Authors: Tukino Tukino
Published: March 2019

The development of the world of technology and information today requires us to always have information and manage the information itself, no wonder if now many organizations pay attention to the processing of information systems they have. Coupled with the support of technology such as computers that become supporters in data processing to produce information needed an organization quickly and accurately, as well as the increasing number of human resources capable of performing data processing. In PT Indosat Mega Media Regional West can not be said to manage the information well because the processing of data disturbance reports and calculation of customer restitution is still considered very slow in the presentation of information. In addition, the resulting information is less than optimal, ineffective and inefficient. This happens because the data processing data disturbance at PT Indosat Mega Media Regional West still use semi-manual system, where there is no information system that can perform data access, delivery of information and data storage in a database, in this case data disturbance and customer restitution . It is on this basis that the authors do research and design a database oriented application program capable of performing data interruption of the internet on the work function of NOC (Network Operation Center) in PT Indosat Mega Media West Regional.
Prediksi Kedatangan Wisatawan Pada Pariwisata Kota Batam Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Knowledge Data Discovery
Authors: Chan Andi Supriadi
Published: March 2019

This geographical condition is an important component in the development of tourism in Indonesia. Batam or "Great Batam" is one of the three main entrances of tourism in Indonesia, with the third largest tourist arrivals after Bali and Jakarta. the number of foreign tourists who enter the city of batam in 2014 as many as 1.435 million people with the dominance of tourists from singapore, not to mention the number of local tourists who enter the city of batam a number of 1.609 million in 2014With the high number of tourist arrivals to batam city. So it is necessary strategies and policies undertaken by the local government in the management and construction of facilities and infrastructure that can support the development and advancement of tourism in the city batam, with that it is necessary to calculate the policy on the development of facilities and infrastructure required by the tourists visit to batam city. Knowledge management one of them by using algorithm method C4.5 can be used by government, Government purpose applying Knowledge management is to keep the knowledge do not just disappear and can be sharing with other employee in other government to support decision making in constructing facilities and infrastructure needed for the number of tourist arrivals to the city batam increasing
Artificial Intellegence Untuk Mendeteksi Penyakit Kelenjar Getah Bening (Lymphadennopathy) Menggunakan Fuzzy Inference System (Fis) Di Kota Batam
Authors: Sestri Sestri Novia , Maulana Algifanri
Published: March 2019

Health is a basic thing to be maintained in life, because with a strong health and physical man can run his life. Batam is a rapidly growing city seen from many residents who live in the city of batam, but most of them are less healthy so that the disease is easy to come, another thing that is less his expert in the lymph node and costly in his treatment. The dangerous condition that causes swollen glands is a blood infection. A person suffering from a blood infection will look very weak. And will also experience a fever that will worsen and also accompanied by a body that feels shivering. This infection is caused by a bacterial attack and someone who experienced it should be treated as soon as possible in hospital. The clear-spoken cleavage is part of the human body's defense system. output Solving production problems using the Sugeno and Sugeno fuzzy methods corrects the weaknesses of the pure fuzzy system to add a simple mathematical calculation as part of THEN. In this change, the fuzzy system has a weighted average value (Values) in the IF-THEN fuzzy rules section. The Sugeno fuzzy system also has a disadvantage, especially in the THEN part, that is, by mathematical calculations that it can not provide a natural framework for representing human knowledge in fact. This method uses the mathematical constants or functions of the input variables, and in the defuzzification process uses the centralized mean method.
miR-101 Represses T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Targeting CXCR7/STAT3 Axis
Authors: Yang Xue-Yi , Sheng Ye
Published: March 2019

Although miR-101 is involved in the development and progression of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this article, we report that miR-101 expression was inversely correlated with CX chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) level in T-ALL. Introducing miR-101 inhibited T-ALL cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. CXCR7 was identified as a direct target of miR-101. The inhibitory effects of miR-101 were mimicked and counteracted by CXCR7 depletion and overexpression, respectively. Mechanistically, miR-101 targets CXCR7/STAT3 axis to reduce T-ALL growth and metastasis. Overall, these findings implied the potential application of miR-101 and CXCR7 in T-ALL treatment.
Synergistic Efficacy of the Demethylation Agent Decitabine in Combination With the Protease Inhibitor Bortezomib for Treating Multiple Myeloma Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Jin Yulong , Xu Li , Wu Xiaodong , Feng Juan , Shu Mimi , Gu Hongtao , Gao Guangxun , Zhang Jinyi , Dong Baoxia , Chen Xiequn
Published: March 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Bortezomib (BZM), the first FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor, has significant antimyeloma activity and prolongs the median survival of MM patients. However, MM remains incurable predominantly due to acquired drug resistance and disease relapse. β-Catenin, a key effector protein in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in regulating myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM. Decitabine (DAC) is an epigenetic modulating agent that induces tumor suppressor gene reexpression based on its gene-specific DNA hypomethylation. DAC has been implicated in modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting the demethylation of the Wnt/β-catenin antagonists sFRP and DKK. In this study, we report the effects of single reagent DAC therapy and DAC combined with BZM on β-catenin accumulation, myeloma cell survival, apoptosis, and treatment sensitivity. Our study proved that DAC demethylated and induced the reexpression of the Wnt antagonists sFRP3 and DKK1. DAC also reduced GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation and decreased β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus, which were induced by BZM. Thus, the transcription of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and LEF/TCF was reduced, which synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced BZM-induced apoptosis, and promoted BZM-induced cell cycle arrest in myeloma cells. In summary, these results indicated that DAC could synergistically enhance myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM at least partly by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results can be used to optimize therapeutic regimens for MM.
miR-203 Inhibits the Invasion and EMT of Gastric Cancer Cells by Directly Targeting Annexin A4
Authors: Li Jianye , Zhang Bin , Cui Jizhao , Liang Zhen , Liu Kexia
Published: March 2019

Many studies have shown that downregulated miR-203 level is in a variety of cancers including gastric cancer (GC). However, the precise molecule mechanisms of miR-203 in GC have not been well clarified. In the current study, we investigated the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-203 in GC cell lines. We found that miR-203 is downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the low level of miR-203 was associated with increased expression of annexin A4 in GC tissues and cell lines. The invasion and EMT of GC cells were suppressed by overexpression of miR-203. However, downregulation of miR-203 promoted invasion and EMT of GC cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that annexin A4 was a potential target gene of miR-203. Next, luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-203 could directly target annexin A4. Consistent with the effect of miR-203, downregulation of annexin A4 by siRNA inhibited the invasion and EMT of GC cells. Introduction of annexin A4 in GC cells partially blocked the effects of miR-203 mimic. Introduction of miR-203 directly targeted annexin A4 to inhibit the invasion and EMT of GC cells. Overall, reactivation of the miR-203/annexin A4 axis may represent a new strategy for overcoming metastasis of GC.
Synthesis of the aglycon of scorzodihydrostilbenes B and D
Authors: Weimann Katja , Braun Manfred
Published: March 2019

Benzyl- and methyl-protected 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenones are added under ruthenium catalysis to 4-methoxy- and 3,4-dimethoxystyrene in a completely regioselective manner. Thus, oxygenated dihydrostilbenes are obtained that feature the skeleton of scorzodihydrostilbenes – antioxidative agents that were recently isolated from Scorzonera radiata. Selective deprotection liberates the corresponding phenols, among them the aglycon of scorzodihydrostilbenes B and D.
Institutional complementarity for social and economic development
Authors: Bilan Yuriy , Vasilyeva Tetyana , Lyeonov Serhiy , Bagmet Kseniya
Published: March 2019

oday the prevention of global challenges (from global security to the problems of poverty) relates to the institutional quality. Nowadays, the social standards or other “social rules” make the part of the market system, since they are built into the country’s institutional structure. Neither social nor economic reforms can be implemented without the support through institutional mechanisms.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between social sector institutions and basic institutions, taking into account the economic development of countries and the way in which they are formed.

A number of empiric studies confirmed significant role of institutions to provide conditions for economic development. In order to define and assess the link between the basic institutions and the social sector institutions, we formed panel data that includes 20 countries for the period from 2007-2014. We assessed quality of the basic institutions using The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). WGI methodology provides an evaluation of six dimensions of the institutional quality that enables to define the connection and the impact of every dimension on the institutional quality of the social sector.

The model additionally evaluates the impact of the incomes distribution inequality, general economic welfare on the institutional quality of the social sector. Among all dimensions of governance “Rule of Law” and “Regulatory Quality” the statistically significant direct impact on the institutional quality of the social sector has been revealed. It confirms the complementarity of basic institutions and institutions of the social sector.
The Role of Magnetic Reconnection–associated Processes in Local Particle Acceleration in the Solar Wind
Authors: Adhikari L. , Khabarova O. , Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L.
Published: March 2019

Recent studies of unusual or atypical energetic particle flux events (AEPEs) observed at 1 au show that another mechanism, different from diffusive shock acceleration, can energize particles locally in the solar wind. The mechanism proposed by Zank et al. is based on the stochastic energization of charged particles in regions filled with numerous small-scale magnetic islands (SMIs) dynamically contracting or merging and experiencing multiple magnetic reconnection in the super-Alfvénic solar wind flow. A first- and second-order Fermi mechanism results from compression-induced changes in the shape of SMIs and their developing dynamics. Charged particles can also be accelerated by the formation of antireconnection electric fields. Observations show that both processes often coexist in the solar wind. The occurrence of SMIs depends on the presence of strong current sheets like the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and related AEPEs are found to occur within magnetic cavities formed by stream–stream, stream–HCS, or HCS–shock interactions that are filled with SMIs. Previous case studies comparing observations with theoretical predictions were qualitative. Here we present quantitative theoretical predictions of AEPEs based on several events, including a detailed analysis of the corresponding observations. The study illustrates the necessity of accounting for local processes of particle acceleration in the solar wind.
Selaginella dianzhongensis (Selaginellaceae), a new spikemoss from China
Authors: Shalimov Aleksandr Petrovich , Zhu Yan-Mei , Zhang Meng-Hua , Zhang Xian-Chun
Published: March 2019

A new species of spikemoss from Yunnan Province of China, Selaginelladianzhongensis, is described and illustrated based on evidence from gross morphology, micromorphology and molecular phylogeny. S.dianzhongensis is most similar to S.amblyphylla in its habit of creeping stem, leaf size, and obviously dimorphic sporophylls, but is distinct by its ventral leaves ovate-oblong, subcordate at base, basiscopic base entire, axillary leaves ovate and decurrent at base. Molecular phylogeny analysis of three chloroplast gene regions (rbcL, atpI, psbA) shows that S.dianzhongensis forms an independent branch with strong support which is distantly related to S.amblyphlla and S.kurzii, but sister to S.bodinieri which is quite different in habitat of erect or ascending stem and rhizophores restricted to the lower part, and slightly dimorphic sporophyllus.
Analyse d’anciennes et nouvelles idéologies du développement en Afrique
Authors: Lafrance Jean-Paul
Published: March 2019

Gilbert Rist considérait le « développement » comme une utopie occidentale et un élément de la religion moderne du progrès des civilisations. Ce concept peut-il s’appliquer comme tel en Afrique ? L’auteur analyse la naissance politique du paradigme, dit développementiste, en le situant à la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, au moment où la politique extérieure des États-Unis est en pleine redéfinition.Mais qui dit développement, dit sous-développement, ou pour être plus poli de pays en voie de développement, avec tout ce que cela implique de biais pour ceux-ci. Quoiqu’il en soit, l’Afrique peut-elle se permettre de bouder le développement technologique ? La grande question est de se demander de quel type de développement l’Afrique a besoin ? Revue des aspects positifs et des aspects négatifs du type de développement des pays africains et les chances de réussite.
Numérique : Nouvelles opportunités, nouvelles inégalités
Authors: Yanon Géraldine , Barbey Francis
Published: March 2019

Le développement du numérique pose à l’Afrique de nouveaux défis en ce qui concerne la préservation et la promotion des expressions culturelles. Profiter des industries créatives implique à chaque citoyen (jeunes, femmes, adultes, minorités, etc.) d’avoir à son actif un large spectre de compétences pour s’adapter durablement à un monde qui ne cesse de se mouvoir par l’inter-connectivité et l’inter- action. Les cultures locales, dans leur diversité et leur unicité, dans leur fonction à la fois sociale et éducatrice participent à ce mouvement. Cet article, en s’intéressant à la place des terminaux mobiles et autres outils connectés dans la sociabilité africaine, interroge la capacité de l’éducation aux médias à amoindrir la fracture culturelle et à soutenir l’expression culturelle africaine comme moteur de développement à travers le numérique, en garantissant la participation citoyenne et démocratique des communautés.
Los jóvenes y la privacidad en internet
Authors: Herrera-Aguilar Miriam , Sepúlveda Hernández Ana Teresa
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es acercarse a conocer la perspectiva que tienen los jóvenes de diversos contextos sociodemográficos del estado de Querétaro sobre la privacidad y el manejo que hacen de la misma en Internet. Teórica y conceptualmente el análisis se sustenta en las proposiciones de Jürgen Habermas sobre el ensamblamiento de la esfera pública y el ámbito privado, así como en la noción misma de privacidad. La metodología es cualitativa y la técnica de recolección de datos es el grupo de discusión-taller. Los resultados dejan ver que los jóvenes de los contextos estudiados tienen presente la noción de privacidad como un derecho o como aquellos aspectos que conciernen al ámbito privado. Sin embargo, en lo que concierne a esta noción en sus prácticas con Internet, las experiencias y usos varían en los diferentes ámbitos.
Développement, technologies mobiles et commerce équitable
Authors: Randrianasolo-Rakotobe Hanitra , Ledjou Jean-Michel
Published: March 2019

En rendant accessibles des informations sur les conséquences sociales d’un achat, les technologies mobiles contribuent à l’exercice de la responsabilité ex ante du consommateur. Dans le domaine du commerce équitable, cette dernière correspond au paiement d’une qualité sociale. Aussi, si cette forme de commerce s’est d’abord déployée au profit exclusif des producteurs des pays en développement, celle- ci concerne, depuis 2014, des producteurs français.Dans ce contexte, les technologies numériques ont permis aux consommateurs français de révéler leurs préférences et de fixer un prix qui a contribué à lancer la première marque de lait équitable.
Discours de haine sur internet : entre la violence du cadrage biopolitique et le langage éthique du visage
Authors: Vieira Frederico , Salgueiro-Marques Angela Cristina
Published: March 2019

Cet article propose une réflexion à propos de la violence de l’affrontement entre les identités totalisantes et les altérités subalternes exprimées dans les posts (images et textualités) qui circulent sur le réseau numérique. Nous utilisons la perspective biopolitique (Foucault) pour analyser les pratiques discursives révélées dans les sites web sur Tumblr : « Esses nordestinos... » et « Esses Paulistas... ». Ceux-ci ont été créés après la réélection de Dilma Rousseff à la Présidence de la République en octobre 2014 et révèlent comment les populations du Nord-Est et du Sud-Est brésilien sont dirigées vers un conflit dont l’objet de dispute est aussi l’élément qui renforce les formes de contrôle et d’homogénéisation des groupes. Nous considérons dans les analyses les oppositions entre identités et altérités, selon la notion de cadrage interprétatif (Butler), la signification éthique du « Visage » (Lévinas) et la biopuissance (Hardt et Negri, Lazzarato, Pelbart).
Les enjeux de l’utilisation du système de communication VSAT dans les processus électoraux en Afrique
Authors: Napo Sonhaye Kondi
Published: March 2019

En démocratie, tout citoyen a un réel besoin de transparence. Il revendique à chaque moment où il est sollicité un droit à la vérité et pendant les élections, le droit à la « vérité ». Dans les sociétés occidentales où la question de la transparence est omniprésente, les crises de confiance paraissent être perpétuelles. Plus une société est « des élections ont été mises en place transparente » plus on identifie des dysfonctionnements. La question de la transparence va donc de pair avec le développement des démocraties. (Pascal Dauvin, 2014).En Afrique où la démocratie est encore naissante, la transparence est un enjeu et un défi surtout en période électorale. Compte tenu des difficultés de terrain et de communication dans certaines zones du continent, l’usage des technologies numériques est souvent déterminant dans les mobilisations citoyennes en temps de crise. Le système VSAT est souvent sollicité après un scrutin pour la transmission et le « transport » rapide des données et des informations.Au Togo, lors des élections de 2010 et de 2015, des institutions de transparence pour des élections ont été mises en place, notamment la Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante (CENI). Les entretiens et enquêtes menés auprès des électeurs et des principaux acteurs de la vie politique et l’analyse des discours de campagne nous a permis de constater que la préoccupation première de chacun pour endiguer la crise électorale récurrente est la mise en place d’un système consensuel pouvant limiter les fraudes et garantir la transparence. C’est dans ce sens que le VSAT a été coopté par la CENI comme matériel de communication dans les deux processus électoraux sans être véritablement utilisé à cause des questions autres que le fonctionnement du système en lui- même.Les deux autres cas analysés où le système VSAT a été utilisé avec des résultats sans contestation sont ceux du Burkina Faso et de la République Démocratique (RD) du Congo.Au Burkina Faso, lors des élections législatives et municipales de 2013, organisées avec l’appui du Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD) et des partenaires au développement ainsi que celles de 2016, le système VSAT avait été utilisé afin de garantir un scrutin transparent et sans contestation dans ce pays. Ce qui a été le cas.En République Démocratique du Congo, vu l’immensité du pays, le système VSAT a été véritablement au cœur des élections sans crise en 2011 avec l’implication active des acteurs indépendants au processus tels que l’Organisation des Nations Unies et le Centre Carter. Cette élection avait pour objectif de ramener la paix après une dizaine d’années de crises et de guerres.Notre contribution a pour objet, les enjeux de transparence autour de l’utilisation de ce système VSAT convoité ou décrié, dans la prévention des crises électorales en Afrique.