bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atopic Dermatitis-Related Problems in Daily Life, Goals of Therapy and Deciding Factors for Systemic Therapy
Authors: Lugović-Mihić Liborija , Barac Ema , Tomašević Renata , Parać Ena , Zanze Lucija , Ljevar Ana , Dolački Lorena , Štrajtenberger Maja
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) impacts various aspects of patients' lives. The most reported factors affecting clinical burden are itching and psychological disturbances (e.g., depression, anxiety or even suicidal thoughts). Also, AD affects school and work-related activities, even career advancement. Thus, AD patient management and decisions regarding advanced/systemic therapy are complex, requiring consideration of multiple disease-related factors: age; disease severity; patient medical history and comorbidities; previous topical therapy use and any adverse reactions; treatment efficacy concerns; patient preferences, expectations and fears; pregnancy planning; ability and willingness to adhere to the treatment regimen; impact on intimate and social relationships and work/school performance; and treatment-related risks and any associated psychological or psychiatric issues. Current guidelines and systematic reviews support the safety and efficacy of systemic therapy (conventional, biologics, JAK inhibitors) for treating AD. When topical therapy and phototherapy are insufficient, conventional systemic therapies (cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine) are used, or advanced treatments can be introduced, like biologics and JAK inhibitors (baricitinib, upadacitinib, and abrocitinib), which have been approved for moderate to severe AD. Additional biologics being evaluated in clinical trials include lebrikizumab, nemolizumab, eblasakimab, and OX40/OX40L. Ultimately, there is great value in a personalized and multidisciplinary approach to AD management, as has been supported by numerous studies and clinical practice over time.
Multi‐Target Inhibitor CUDC‐101 Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Enhances Radiation Response in Triple Negative Breast Cell Line
Authors: Seane Elsie , Nair Shankari , Vandevoorde Charlot , Bisio Alessandra , Joubert Anna
Published: October 2024

Since the discovery that Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDCAi) could enhance radiation response, a number of HDACi, mainly pan-HDAC inhibitors, have been studied either as monotherapy or in combination with photon irradiation or chemotherapeutic drugs in the management of breast cancer. Studies on combination of HDACi and particle type of radiation remain limited. CUDC-101 is a multitarget inhibitor of Histone deacetylases (HDACs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2). In this paper, the effectiveness of CUDC-101 in enhancing radiation response to protons irradiation was studied in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cell lines, using X-rays as reference radiation. γ-H2AX foci assays showed increased sensitivity to CUDC-101 in MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to the MCF-7 cell line. In both cell lines, induction of apoptosis was enhanced in CUDC-101 pre-treated cells compared to radiation (protons or X-rays) alone. Increased apoptosis was also noted in CUDC-101 pre-treated cells in the MCF-10A cell line. Cell cycle analysis showed increased G2/M arrest by CUDC-101 mono-treatment as well as combination of CUDC-101 and X-irradiation in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Collectively, the findings indicate that CUDC-101 effectively enhances response to both X-radiation and proton irradiation, in the triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. The study highlights that CUDC-101 holds potential in the management of triple negative breast cancer as monotherapy or in combination with X-irradiation.
Modulation of Monocyte Effector Functions and Gene Expression by Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: El Khoury Joseph , Fishman Jay A , Planchon Matthew S
Published: October 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has significant impact on monocyte effector functions and gene expression. CMV, a β-herpesvirus, disrupts key monocyte roles, including phagocytosis, antigen presentation, cytokine production, and migration. Monocytes, crucial players in innate immunity, exhibit altered functionality upon CMV infection, impairing their ability to combat pathogens and activate adaptive immune responses. CMV modulates monocyte gene expression, decreasing their capacity for antigen presentation and phagocytosis, while increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which can contribute to tissue damage and chronic inflammation. We highlight that CMV alters monocyte migration to infection sites while promoting trans-endothelial migration, thus aiding viral dissemination. Additionally, the virus affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhancing viral persistence during acute infection and facilitating immune evasion during latency. These findings underscore the clinical significance of these disruptions, particularly in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients, where modulation of monocyte function by CMV exacerbates risks for infection, inflammation, and graft rejection. Understanding of these mechanisms will inform therapeutic strategies to mitigate CMV-related complications in vulnerable populations.
Mirror-Image RNA: A Right-Handed Z-Form RNA and Its Ligand Complex
Authors: Song Yi , Wang Shiyu , Xu Yan
Published: October 2024

Until now, Z-form RNAs were believed to only adopt a left-handed double helix structure. In this study, we describe the first observation of a right-handed Z-form RNA in NMR solution formed by L-nucleic acid RNA and present the first resolution structure of the complex between a right-handed Z-form RNA and a curaxin ligand. This newly described topology is of great interest as it shows that Z-form RNAs can also adopt a right-handed double helix structure and interact with ligand molecules. The structural information provides a platform for the design of topology specific Z-form-targeting compounds and is valuable for the development of new potent anticancer drugs.
Extracellular Vesicle lncRNA Are Key Biomolecules for Cell-to-Cell Communication and Circulating Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Papoutsoglou Panagiotis , Morillon Antonin
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost every cell type and are considered as carriers of active biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Their content can be up-taken and released into the cytoplasm of recipient cells, thereby inducing gene reprogramming and phenotypic changes in the acceptor cells. Whether the effects of EVs on the physiology of recipient cells are mediated by individual biomolecules or it is the collective outcome of the total transferred EV content, is still under debate. The EV RNA content consists of several types of RNA, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), the latter defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, that do not code for proteins, but with important established biological functions. This review aims to update our insights on the functional roles of EV and their cargo non-coding RNA during cancer progression, to highlight the utility of EV RNA as novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in cancer, and to tackle the technological advances and limitations for EV RNA identification, integrity assessment and preservation of its functionality.
Evaluation of Mesh Closure of Laparotomy and Extraction Incisions in Open and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Albendary Mohamed , Mohamedahmed Ali Yasen , Mohamedahmed Marwa Yassin , Ihedioha Ugochukwu , Rout Shantanu , Van Der Avoirt Anouk
Published: October 2024

Background and objectives: In colorectal surgery, postoperative evisceration and incisional her-nia (IH) were noted after open procedures and at extraction incision (EI) sites used in laparoscopic resections. This systematic review investigates the efficacy and safety of prophylactic mesh clo-sure of midline laparotomy or EI closure in colorectal oncological and non-oncological resections. Methods: Literature databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and Google Scholar, were searched for studies comparing the use of prophylactic mesh to conventional suture closure in colorectal operations, either in laparotomy closure in open surgery or EI closure in laparoscopic procedures, regardless of the indication; oncological and non-oncological. Primary endpoints were identified as incisional hernia (IH) and postoperative evisceration. Other outcomes included surgical site infection (SSI), seroma formation and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and studied 1,398 patients, with 411 patients having prophylactic mesh insertion at the time of midline laparotomy or EI closure and 987 underwent conventional suture closure. The occurrence of IH was significantly reduced using mesh closure compared to suture closure (OR 0.23, P=0.00001), while there was no statistically significant dif-ference in evisceration rate (OR 0.51, P=0.25). Additionally, no notable difference was identified between both groups in terms of SSI (OR 1.20, P=0.54), postoperative seroma (OR 1.80, P=0.13), and LOS (MD -0.54, P=0.63). Conclusions: The use of prophylactic mesh on closing laparotomy incisions or EI for open and laparoscopic colorectal resections reduces the risk of developing IH. There were no significant safety concerns; however, further randomized trials may provide more robust results.
Efficacy and Blood Levels of Lacosamide in Patients with Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Iwasaki Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Miyamoto Yusaku , Imaizumi Taichi , Kaku Shotaro , Udagawa Noriko , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Shimizu Naoki
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The aim was to analyze clinical targets for lacosamide (LCM) blood levels in patients with focal epilepsy. Referring to the LCM optimal range will motivate us to think about the importance and usefulness of measuring its blood levels. Methods: A total of 101 patients (45 females, 56 males) were treated with LCM. Blood sampling was done 1 month after the start of oral medication (the levels reached steady state) if the LCM treatment had been continued and then 6 and 12 months after. The efficacy of LCM was evaluated by the reduction in the epileptic seizure rate (RR) at the time of blood sampling. The patients were classified as effective cases (seizure reduction rate ≥ 50%) and ineffective cases (< 50%). The actual level, the calculated peak/trough levels, and the levels for each type of seizure were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: A positive correlation was seen between blood levels and dosage (r = 0.446). However, the blood levels and RR showed no correlation. The blood levels were higher in effective cases than in ineffective cases at all time points (measurement P < 0.001, peak P = 0.013, trough P = 0.001). Because the range was set so that the effective and ineffective groups did not overlap, the optimal range of LCM was found to be 8.0–10.5 µg/mL. Conclusions: Measuring and calculating blood levels of LCM and adjusting the dosage to reach the optimal range are recommended. Moreover, the optimal range for LCM was determined as a therapeutic target.
Interactions Between Corn Starch and Ethyl Maltol Under Heat-Moisture Treatment and Its Application in Fried Chicken Nuggets
Authors: Xu Meijuan , Liu Tianwen , Song Jianguo , Gao Xueqin , Shi Yuran , Zhao Xiaodong , Zou Jian
Published: October 2024

The study delved into the interaction between corn starch and ethyl maltol during innovative repeated-continuous heat-moisture treatment (RCHMT), and its impact on the quality of fried chicken nuggets. The results revealed that the complexation ratio of ethyl maltol in the corn starch-ethyl maltol complex remained stable, and the complex created dense microporous structures. Native starch and complex samples exhibited an A-type crystal structure, while the physical mixture sample showed a Ca-type. Additionally, the peak of C-O-H def., CH2 of the complex sample was red-shifted, and the hydrogen bond structure was enhanced. Moreover, the complex exhibited a higher resistant starch content and lower hydrolysis rate than the physical mixture sample. The starch-ethyl maltol formed by RCHMT is a non-inclusion complex. It has been shown to reduce oil absorption and enhance the crispness of fried chicken nuggets, matching that of commercial products. This finding provides a direction for the development of innovative coating powders.
SGLT2 Research Collaboration Networks: Structural and Temporal Dynamics in Scientific Cooperation
Authors: Ogasawara Naruaki
Published: October 2024

Aim: This study aims to explore the collaborative networks in Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) research, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. By conducting a co-authorship network analysis, I investigate the structure and dynamics of scientific collaboration, identifying key researchers, institutions, and trends in the field. This analysis provides insights into how research collaboration has evolved and highlights the influence of international cooperation on the development of SGLT2 research.Method: The data were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and included 6,999 publications on SGLT2 research. Using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3), I analyzed both macro and micro-level network indicators. Macro-level indicators included network density, clustering coefficient, components, and average distance, while micro-level indicators included degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. These metrics were used to assess the structure of the co-authorship network and identify key contributors.Result: The network analysis revealed significant changes in collaboration patterns over the study period. From 2000 to 2023, the network became more fragmented, with an increase in the number of research clusters and components. However, influential researchers, such as Zinman B. and Heerspink Hiddo J. L., consistently emerged as central figures in terms of both degree and closeness centrality. The analysis also highlighted the rise of international collaboration, particularly involving researchers from the United States, Europe, and Asia, with Japan playing a growing role in recent years.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SGLT2 research collaboration networks have evolved considerably over the last two decades. The identification of key researchers and institutions provides valuable insights into the field's development, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation in advancing SGLT2 research. These findings may guide future research strategies and promote further collaborative efforts.
Dynamic Time Warping as Elementary Effects Metric for Morris-based Global Sensitivity Analysis of High-dimension Dynamical Models
Authors: Fortela Dhan Lord , Mikolajczyk Ashley , Hernandez Rafael , Revellame Emmanuel , Sharp Wayne , Holmes William , Zappi Mark E.
Published: October 2024

This work focused on demonstrating the use of dynamic time warping (DTW) as metric for the elementary effects computation in Morris-based global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of model parameters in multivariate dynamical systems. One of the challenges of GSA on multivariate time-dependent dynamics is the modeling of parameter perturbation effects propagated to all model outputs while capturing time-dependent patterns. The study establishes and demonstrates the use of DTW as metric of elementary effects across the time domain and the multivariate output domain, which are all aggregated together via the DTW cost function into a single metric value. Unlike the commonly studied coefficient-based functional approximation, and covariance decomposition methods, this new DTW-based Morris GSA algorithm implements curve alignment via dynamic programing for cost computation in every parameter perturbation trajectory, which captures the essence of “elementary effect” in the original Morris formulation. This new algorithm eliminates approximations and assumptions about the model outputs while achieving the objective of capturing perturbations across time and the array of model outputs. The technique was demonstrated using ordinary differential equation (ODE) system of a mixed-order adsorption kinetics, Monod-type microbial kinetics, and the Lorenz attractor for chaotic solutions. DTW as Morris-based GSA metric enables the modeling of parameter sensitivity effects on the entire array of model output variables evolving in time domain resulting to parameter rankings attributed to the entire model dynamics.
Challenges and Opportunities in Managing Geriatric Depression: The Role of Personalized Medicine and Age-Appropriate Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Jaros Agnieszka , Rybakowski Filip , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta , Paczkowska Magdalena , Czerny Bogusław , Kamiński Adam , Wafaie Mahmoud Elsorady Rasha , Bienert Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

The global aging population has experienced rapid growth in recent decades, leading to an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, among older adults. Depression in the elderly is often compounded by chronic physical conditions and various psychosocial factors, significantly impacting their quality of life. This paper explores the epidemiology of geriatric depression, highlighting the influence of gender, race, and socio-economic status on its prevalence. The classification and diagnosis of geriatric depressive disorders, based on ICD-11 and DSM-5 criteria, reveal the complexity of managing these conditions in older adults. Personalized Medicine (PM) emerges as a promising approach, focusing on tailoring treatments to the individual’s genetic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. However, the application of PM in this demographic faces challenges, particularly in the context of pharmaceutical forms. The need for age-appropriate drug delivery systems is critical, given the prevalence of polypharmacy and issues such as dysphagia among the elderly. This study emphasizes the importance of developing patient-centric formulations to enhance the effectiveness of personalized therapy in geriatric patients.
Nanoparticles as Potential Delivery System of Phenothiazine Derivatives for Anticancer Application
Authors: Jelonek Katarzyna , Musiał-Kulik Monika , Pastusiak Małgorzata , Foryś Aleksander , Zięba Andrzej , Kasperczyk Janusz
Published: October 2024

Cancer remains a one of a leading cause of death worldwide, and thus there is a need for the de-velopment of innovative and more effective treatment strategies. The aim of the study was to evaluate two types of nanoparticles – nanospheres and micelles obtained from PLA-based pol-ymers for discovering their potential for delivery of four types of phenothiazine derivatives. The morphology, drug loading properties, cytocompatibility, hemolytic properties and anti-cancer activity has been analyzed. The micelles exhibited significantly higher drug loading properties, release process and cytotoxic activity against cancer cells compared to the nano-spheres. The micelles containing 5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride with OH group as substituent in 10-position of the quinobenzothiazine ring showed the highest drug loading content, the most efficient drug release, the lowest hemolytic activity and the most sig-nificant cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells. The conducted study enabled to develop delivery system for the new anticancer compound and showed that the choice of drug carrier has a crucial effect on its cytotoxic potential against cancer cells.
Path Analysis of Green Finance-Driven Regional Technological Innovation in China: The Mediating Effect of R&D Investment
Authors: Li Ading , Supanut Adul , Liu Jianxu
Published: October 2024

As the global economy pays increasing attention to sustainable development and environmental protection, the role of green finance in promoting regional technological innovation is becoming more and more prominent. This study aims to analyse the impact of green finance on regional technological innovation and its mechanism of action, with special attention to the mediating effect of R&D inputs and the moderating role of regional characteristics. By analysing the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2021 with fixed and mediated effect models, the results show that green finance significantly promotes regional technological innovation. R&D investment intensity partially mediates this effect, while regional innovation and entrepreneurship capacity plays a significant moderating role in this relationship. Specifically, regional innovation and entrepreneurship capacity reinforces the positive impact of green finance on R&D investment, but the marginal effect of R&D investment is reduced in regions with stronger innovation and entrepreneurship capacity. The findings provide a theoretical basis for formulating relevant policies to promote green finance development and sustainable innovation in regional economies.
QSAR Regression Models for Predicting HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Based on MACCS Molecular Fingerprints and Virtual Screening of Natural Products
Authors: Ancuceanu Robert , Popovici Patriciu Constantin , Drăgănescu Doina , Busnatu Ștefan , Lascu Beatrice Elena , Dinu Mihaela
Published: October 2024

HMG-CoA reductase is an enzyme that regulates the initial stage of cholesterol synthesis and its inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We have created a set of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for human HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors using nested cross-validation as the primary validation method. To develop the QSAR models, we employed various machine learning regression algorithms, feature selection methods, and fingerprints or descriptor datasets. Results: We built and evaluated a total of 300 models, selecting 21 that demonstrated good performance (coefficient of determination, R2 ≥ 0.70 or concordance correlation coefficient, CCC ≥ 0.85). Six of these top-performing models met both performance criteria and were used to construct five ensemble models. We identified the descriptors most important in explaining HMG-CoA inhibition for each of the six best-performing models. We used the top models to search through over 220,000 chemical compounds from a large database (ZINC 15) for potential new inhibitors. Only a small fraction (237 out of approximately 220,000 compounds) had reliable predictions with mean pIC50 values ≥8 (IC50 values ≤10 nM). Our svm-based ensemble model predicted IC50 values <10 nM for roughly 0.08% of the screened compounds. We have also illustrated the potential applications of these QSAR models in understanding the cholesterol-lowering activities of herbal extracts, such as those reported for an extract prepared from the Iris × germanica rhizome. Conclusions: Our QSAR models can accurately predict human HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, having the potential to accelerate the discovery of novel cholesterol-lowering agents and may also be applied to understand the mechanisms underlying the reported cholesterol-lowering activities of herbal extracts.
Toxic Leadership and Turnover Intentions: the role of Burnout Syndrome
Authors: Palma-Moreira Ana , Nunes Abiúd
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to test the effect of toxic leadership on exit intentions and whether burnout syndrome mediates this relationship. This study's sample consists of 309 participants who work in organizations based in Portugal and Angola. The results indicate that toxic leadership positively and significantly affects burnout syndrome and exit intentions. As for burnout, only the disengagement dimension positively and significantly affects turnover intentions. Disengagement partially mediates the relationship between toxic leadership and exit intentions for participants working in Portugal and a total mediation effect for participants working in Angola. Organizations should be concerned about the leadership style adopted by their leaders, because if there is a toxic leader, this will lead to burnout syndrome in their subordinates and cause them to leave the organization, since turnover intentions are the best predictor of voluntary departure from the organization.
Direct Synthesis of Benzhydryl-Functionalized 3,4-Dihydropyridin-2-Ones from 2-Pyridones and Their Use in the Formation of Bridged -Lactams
Authors: Myk Zofia M , Sośnicki Jacek G. , Struk Łukasz
Published: October 2024

A method for the synthesis of C4-benzhydryl functionalized 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-ones using complementary addition of benzhydryllithium and/or benzhydrylmagnesiate reagents to 2-pyridones, with high regioselectivity triggered by substituents, is described. A partially stereoselective cyclization was successfully demonstrated using TfOH and/or TIPSOTf as Brønsted and Lewis acids, respectively, leading to C6-phenyl functionalized 7,8-benzomorphanones. It is also shown that the use of functionalized -enelactams obtained with an active methoxy-substituted benzyl group at C3, enabled the preparation of a new C3-C6 bridged system within -lactam framework.
Fossil Fuel Prospects in Energy 5.0: A Review
Authors: Zhironkin Sergey , Abu-Abed Fares
Published: October 2024

Achieving the energy and climate goals of sustainable development, declared by the UN as an imperative and relevant for the upcoming Society 5.0 with its human-centricity of technological development, requires ensuring a “seamless” Fourth Energy Transition, preserving, but at the same time modifying the role of fossil fuels in economic development. In this regard, the pur-pose of this Review is to analyze the structure of publications in the field of technological plat-form for the energy of the future (Energy 5.0), with digital human-centric modernization and investment of the fossil fuel extraction in the context of the Fourth Energy Transition. To achieve this goal, this Review presents a comprehensive overview of research in the field of determining the prospects of fossil fuels within the Energy 5.0, characterized not only by the dominance of renewable energy sources and the imperative of zero CO2 emissions, but also by the introduc-tion of human-centric technologies of Industry 5.0 (Industrial Internet of Everything, collabora-tive artificial intelligence, digital triples, etc.). It was concluded that further research in such are-as of Energy 5.0 development as the human-centric vector of modernization of fossil fuel extrac-tion and investment, achieving energy and climate goals of sustainable development, reducing CO2 emissions in the minerals extractive sector itself, and developing CO2 capture and utiliza-tion technologies are important and promising for “seamless” Fourth Energy Transition.
Spontaneous Postoperative Reduction of Ulnar Aneurism by Simple Decompression of Guyon’s Canal in a Patient with Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Gasparo Ettore , Gustar Adrian George James , Atzeni Matteo , Serra Pietro Luciano , Boriani Filippo
Published: October 2024

Background and clinical significance: Guyon's canal syndrome is a pathological condition caused by compression of the ulnar nerve at the level of the wrist. It is less frequent than other compression syndromes of the upper limb (cubital and carpal tunnel), and different causative agents, including vascular lesions, are described. Among these, aneurysm of the ulnar artery is described in the literature as an infrequent aetiology.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 25-year-old young man with Guyon's canal syndrome caused by an aneurysm of the ulnar artery, who underwent surgical decompression of the Guyon's canal without intervening on the aneurysm. The postoperative course was free of complications, and the patient reported satisfaction, with reduced symptoms. Clinical examination and ultrasound imaging showed mass reduction of the aneurysm in the postoperative period, which appears to be an evolution hitherto undocumented in the literature.
Conclusions: Many treatments are available for Guyon's canal syndrome. Past medical and surgical treatments, duration and severity of symptoms, causes, and pathogenesis are important for the therapeutic choice. Surgical treatment based on ligament section and lysis of the Guyon's canal downstream, without any action on the aneurysm and with ulnar artery preservation, determined a reduction in terms of volume, relief of the symptoms, and patient satisfaction.
With this case we describe a surgical therapeutic option for the treatment of Guyon's canal syndrome caused by an aneurysm of the ulnar artery, in which surgery is limited to canal decompression and consequential aneurism mass reduction with concomitant relief of symptoms.
Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Is Equally Effective for Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: McClure Erin M. , Cockerell Clay J. , Hammond Stephen , Marienberg Evelyn S. , Koneru Bobby N. , Ward Jon , Stricker Jeffrey Blake
Published: October 2024

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are highly prevalent and a significant cause of morbidity. Image-guided su-perficial radiation therapy (IGSRT) uses integrated high-resolution dermal ultrasound to improve lesion visualization, but it is unknown whether efficacy varies by histology. This large retro-spective cohort study was conducted to determine the effect of tumor histology on freedom from recurrence in 20,069 biopsy-proven NMSC lesions treated with IGSRT, including 9,928 BCC (49.5%), 5,294 SCC (26.4%), 4,648 SCCIS (23.2%), and 199 lesions with ≥2 NMSCs (1.0%). Freedom from recurrence at 2, 4, and 6 years was 99.60%, 99.45%, and 99.45% in BCC; 99.58%, 99.49%, and 99.49% in SCC; and 99.96%, 99.80%, and 99.80% in SCCIS. Freedom from recurrence at 2, 4, and 6 years following IGSRT did not differ significantly comparing BCC vs. non-BCC or SCC vs. non-SCC but were slightly lower among SCCIS vs. non-SCCIS (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in freedom from recurrence when stratifying lesions by histologic subtype. This study demonstrates that there is no significant effect of histology on freedom from recurrence in IGSRT-treated NMSC except in SSCIS. These findings support IGSRT as a first-line therapeutic option for NMSC regardless of histology.
Cherry Tomato Fruit Quality under Limited Potassium Conditions in a Hydroponic System
Authors: Manantapong Kanokporn , Sriprachote Anongnat , Kraiklang Rattaphol , Anutrakulchai Sirirat , Kanyawongha Pornthiwa
Published: October 2024

Potassium is a critical factor for plant growth, particularly in tomato cultivation, where high K levels are essential for achieving high yields and enhancing fruit quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying potassium nitrate (KNO₃) concentrations on two cherry tomato varieties, ‘Tabtim Deang T2021’ (red) and ‘Sweet Boy 1’ (yellow), grown under hydroponic conditions. The plants were subjected to KNO₃ concentrations of 3.0, 1.5, 0.75, 0.50, and 0.37 mM. The findings revealed that a KNO₃ concentration of 1.5 mM was sufficient to support normal plant growth and maintain optimal fruit quality, including pH, total soluble solids, citric acid, and ascorbic acid content, in both cherry tomato varieties. Additionally, the reduction in KNO₃ concentration did not significantly impact the antioxidant activities of the tomato fruits, as measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Furthermore, low K fertilization resulted in minimal changes to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the cherry tomatoes. The study concludes that decreasing K concentration in the nutrient solutions has a limited effect on the overall quality of cherry tomatoes.
Small-Sized Tomato Pomace: Source of Bioactive Compounds and Ingredient for the Sustainable Production of Functional Bread
Authors: Brighina Selina , Pulvirenti Luana , Siracusa Laura , Arena Elena , Faulisi Maria Veronica , Restuccia Cristina
Published: October 2024

Tomato processing generates a by-product known as tomato pomace (TP), which contains chemically diverse valuable components such as lycopene, phenols, dietary fibre, proteins, and oil. The aim of this study was to characterize bioactive compounds in small-sized tomato pomace and to evaluate the effects of the addition of 10 and 20 % (w/w) of tomato pomace flour (TPF) to durum wheat dough for bread production. Bread containing different amounts of TPF was characterized for physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics. TPF is an important source of dietary fibre with a total content of approximately 52.3%, of which 5.3% soluble and 47% insoluble. It is also a potential source of natural antioxidants and contains remarkable residual levels of both total carotenoids and polyphenols. TPF addition reduced water loss during baking and significantly affected color parameters and acidity; furthermore, both fortified TPF breads could use the nutrition and health claims on label “High Fibre” according to Regulation (EC) (1924/2006). The sensory "overall" attribute showed similar values in the control and fortified bread samples, suggesting that the overall quality of the bread remained relatively constant, regardless of the percentage of added TPF.
Phylogenomic Signatures of a Lineage of Vesicular Stomatitis Indiana Virus Circulating During the 2019–2020 Epidemic in the United States
Authors: Zarate Selene , Bertram Miranda R. , Rodgers Case , Reed Kirsten , Pelzel-McCluskey Angela , Gomez-Romero Ninnet , Rodriguez Luis L , Mayo Christie , Mire Chad , Pond Sergei L. Kosakovsky , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro
Published: October 2024

For the first time, we describe phylogenomic signatures of an epidemic lineage of vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV). We applied multiple evolutionary analyses to a dataset of full-length genome sequences representing the circulation of an epidemic VSIV lineage in the US between 2019 and 2020. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we predicted the ancestral relationship of this lineage with a specific group of isolates circulating in the endemic zone of Chiapas, Mexico. Subsequently, our findings indicate that the lineage diversified into at least four different subpopulations during its circulation in the US. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differentiate viral subpopulations and assessed their potential relevance using comparative phylogenetic methods, highlighting the preponderance of synonymous mutations during the differentiation of these populations. Purifying selection was the main evolutionary force favoring the conservation of this epidemic phenotype, with P and G genes as the main drivers of the evolution of this lineage. Our analyses identified multiple codon sites under positive selection and the association of these sites with specific functional domains at P, M, G, and L proteins. Based on ancestral reconstruction analyses, we showed the potential relevance of some of the sites identified under positive selection to the adaptation of the epidemic lineage at the population level. Finally, using a representative group of viruses from Colorado, we established a positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances, suggesting that positive selection on specific codon positions might have favored the adaptation of different subpopulations to circulation in specific geographical settings. Collectively, our study reveals the complex dynamics that accompany the evolution of an epidemic lineage of VSIV in nature. Our analytical framework provides a model for conducting future evolutionary analyses. The ultimate goal is to support the implementation of an early warning system for vesicular stomatitis virus in the US, enabling early detection of epidemic precursors from Mexico.
Cellular Compartmentalization as a Physical Regulation of Biological Processes
Authors: Fayad Ahmed Naser , Mazo-Durán Diego , Miguez David G.
Published: October 2024

Cells compartmentalize biochemical processes taking advantage of physical barriers in the form of membranes. Eukaryotes have a wide diversity of membrane-based compartments that can be used in this context, with the main ones being the extracellular membrane, which separates the inside from the outside of the cell, and the nuclear membrane, that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nuclear membrane not only isolates and protects the DNA and the transcription and replication processes from the other processes that are taking place in the cytoplasm, but also has an active role in the regulation of cellular signaling. The TGF-ß pathway is one of the most important and conserved signaling cascades, and it takes advantage of compartmentalization using a well-tuned balance between import and export rates of active and inactive forms of key proteins. Thus, compartmentalization serves as an additional regulatory mechanism, physically isolating transcription factors from their targets, influencing the dynamics and strength of signal transduction. his contribution focuses on this biophysical layer of regulation. It begins with an in-depth review of the TGF-ß pathway and the main regulatory processes underlying this compartmentalization mechanism. Next, we focus on several contributions that study how this compartmentalization shapes the dynamics and ultimately the cell response, and how this separation can be used as readout of several cellular responses. Finally, we introduce a simplified mathematical approach to study this process derived using a generalized formulation.
Understanding Myelodysplasia and Inflammation through the Lense of VEXAS Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Wolff Louis , Caratsch Leo , Zhao Lin-Pierre , Blum Sabine , Comte Denis
Published: October 2024

VEXAS syndrome, a monogenic X-linked disorder resulting from mutations in the UBA1 gene, has emerged as a key model for unraveling the links between systemic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases (SIAD) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This syndrome is characterized by the presence of vacuoles, X-linked inheritance, autoinflammation and somatic mutation patterns, highlighting a unique intersection between genetic and immunological dysregulation. Apart from VEXAS, 10% to 30% of individuals diagnosed with MDS exhibit SIAD phenotypes, a significant increase compared to the 5% incidence in the general population. In this comprehensive review, we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving the pro-inflammatory environment in MDS, focusing on the contribution of VEXAS syndrome to this complex interplay. We examine how UBA1 mutations disrupt cellular homeostasis, triggering inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, we explore the broader implications of these findings for the pathogenesis of MDS, proposing that the inflammatory dysregulation of VEXAS may shed light on mechanisms of disease progression and identify potential therapeutic targets in MDS. Through an integrated analysis of genetic, immunological and clinical data, this review seeks to deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between systemic inflammation and hematological malignancies, paving the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Optimizing Graph Convolutional Networks with Hierarchical Attention and Laplacian Matrix for Urban Wireless Traffic Prediction
Authors: Xiong Yiyang , Jing Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of wireless communication networks, using AI to predict complex city-scale network traffic has become a significant research challenge. This paper, based on a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) architecture, proposes a novel wireless network traffic prediction algorithm focused on predicting city-level communication traffic data at an hourly granularity. The algorithm enhances prediction accuracy through two key innovations: first, we introduce a hierarchical attention architecture that combines dynamic and static attention mechanisms. The static attention mechanism, based on wireless channel models, captures fixed spatial relationships between base stations, such as inter-station distances and stable connections. The dynamic attention mechanism, on the other hand, dynamically adjusts to account for time-varying traffic patterns, such as rush hours and holiday effects, enabling the model to adapt to temporal variations in network traffic. These two attention mechanisms are seamlessly integrated within the model through feature concatenation and interactive learning, allowing the model to capture both spatial and temporal characteristics of network traffic simultaneously. Secondly, we innovatively introduce a strategy for adjusting the aggregation iterations of the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) based on the Laplacian matrix. By leveraging the spectral information provided by the Laplacian matrix, we dynamically determine the depth of the graph convolutional network, thereby avoiding issues of over-smoothing or underfitting and ensuring stable performance in complex network structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms existing methods across multiple dataset, particularly in predicting network traffic data with intricate spatiotemporal characteristics.
Development of Solar Power Plant to Support Smart Farming 4.0 at Hubbul Khoir Islamic Boarding School Indonesia
Authors: Ibrahim Sutrisno W. , Nizam Muhammad , Ramelan Agus , Nugroho Adriel Satrio , Putri Salsabila
Published: October 2024

Electricity is a very crucial thing in human life today such as for communications, education, offices, household appliances, and transportation. Unfortunately, most of the electricity in Indonesia is still generated by fossil fuels such as coal. Indonesia which is on the equator has an advantage in solar power generation. Every area in Indonesia gets sunlight for a full year. In this paper, we develop a 1.62 kWp solar power plant at the Hubbul Khoir Islamic Boarding School Indonesia. Energy generated from solar panels is used to support the hydroponic farming system owned by the Islamic boarding school. Economic analysis is used to find out whether the installed generating system is profitable or not. Power quality analysis is used to determine whether the load can be supplied with good power quality. The results obtained by the monitoring system can monitor the PV output power and the power to the load with a display on the LCD screen and on the web with overall accuracy above 96%, economic analysis results show that the system will return on investment after 6.8 years with a profit in the 25th year of Rp20,871,282, and quality the power in this system has good power quality from the PLN side and the inverter side.
Analysis of Ciheras Beach Wind Potential for Minimal Pollutant Electrical Energy Generation
Authors: Nugraha Adi , Ramelan Agus , Sartika Nike
Published: October 2024

Pollutant is a serious problem today as the use of non-renewable energy sources is still a favorite, especially those sourced from coal and petroleum fuels. To anticipate dependence on coal-fired power plants, many studies have been conducted related to environmentally friendly power plants. One of the environmentally friendly power plants is wind power plants. Based on the criteria of wind turbines such as TSD-500, a wind speed of at least 3 m/s is required to start production. The purpose of this study is to find out how much potential clean energy is generated through wind energy generation on the coast of Ciheras. The research method in data collection used is qualitative descriptive. The results of the analysis found that the energy obtained from the process of converting wind energy into electrical energy can illuminate 9 houses, with each house consuming 70 Watts of power for 5 hours.
Evaluación de la calidad percibida del servicio en los centros asistenciales de la ciudad de Quibdó
Authors: Duque Oliva Edison Jair , Palacios Palacios Deison , Córdoba Rodríguez Janny Edinson
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la calidad percibida del servicio en los centros asistenciales de Quibdó, Colombia, a través de la escala Servperf. La metodología empleó un enfoque empírico-analítico, adaptando la escala Servperf al contexto de salud local. Secundado con un cuestionario para 384 pacientes de diversos centros asistenciales de Quibdó. Los principales resultados mostraron una alta fiabilidad interna del modelo, con valores de Alfa de Cronbach superiores a un 0,8 para todas las dimensiones, destacando la seguridad (0,922) como la dimensión más valorada por los usuarios. El servidente convergente y discriminante del modelo también fue confirmado. Como principal conclusión, se ha confirmado que todas las dimensiones de la escala Servperf (tangibilidad, fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad y empatía) son relevantes para evaluar la calidad del servicio en los centros asistenciales de Quibdó. Estos hallazgos proporcionan una herramienta confiable para evaluar la calidad de los servicios de salud y saber qué estrategias de mejora continua deben implementar los centros de salud para satisfacer las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios.
WITHDRAWN: A Review Study of the Existential Problems of Substance Addicted Adolescents in Turkey: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kızılkaya Mehtap , Toker Sema , Uzunoğlu Gülçin
Published: October 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Multi-omics characterization of chronic social defeat stress recall-activated engram nuclei in Arc-GFP mice
Authors: Chongtham Monika Chanu , Hartwich Dewi , Todorov Hristo , Ruffini Nicolas , Weis Eva , Linke Matthias , Schweiger Susann , Zechner Ulrich , Gräff Johannes , Lutz Beat , Gerber Susanne , Winter Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Susceptibility to chronic social stressors often results in the development of mental health disorders including major depressive and anxiety disorders. In contrast, some individuals remain resilient even after repeated stress exposure. Understanding the molecular drivers behind these divergent phenotypic outcomes is crucial. However, previous studies using the chronic social defeat (CSD) stress model have been limited by the use of bulk tissues investigating single omics domains. To overcome these limitations, here, we applied the CSD mouse model to Arc-GFP mice for investigating the mechanistic divergence between susceptibility and resilience, specifically in stress recall-activated engram nuclei. By conducting an in-depth analysis of the less-known differential methylome landscape in the ventral hippocampal engrams, we noted unique phenotype-specific alterations in multiple biological processes with an overrepresentation of GTPase-related mechanisms. Interestingly, the differentially methylated regions were enriched in ETS transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), important targets of the Ras-ETS signaling pathway. This differential methylation in the ETS TFBSs could form the basis of persisting stress effects long after stressor exposure. Furthermore, by integrating the methylome modifications with transcriptomic alterations, we resolved the GTPase-related mechanisms differentially activated in the resilient and susceptible phenotypes with alterations in endocytosis overrepresented in the susceptible phenotype. Overall, our findings implicate critical avenues for future therapeutic applications.