bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apprivoiser les pères en protection de l’enfance
Authors: Devault Annie , Zaouche-Gaudron Chantal , Huard-Fleury Marie-Claude
Published: December 2016

Le présent article propose les résultats d’une recension d’écrits scientifiques dont l’objectif est de comprendre les différents facteurs qui interviennent dans le développement d’une relation de collaboration entre les pères et les professionnels dans le contexte de la protection de l’enfance. Les documents consultés présentent des résultats d’études scientifiques mesurant différents facteurs reliés à l’interaction entre les pères et les intervenants. L’analyse a permis de documenter le sujet sous différents angles : les croyances et préjugés des intervenants envers les pères, la formation professionnelle des intervenants et les facteurs associés au milieu de travail des services psychosociaux. Cette analyse fait également ressortir plusieurs obstacles à l’établissement d’une bonne relation père-intervenant de même que certaines dimensions qui favoriseraient une telle collaboration.
Les communautés conjugales
Authors: Robion Jacques
Published: December 2016

Comment travailler en commun sur un objet de travail qui soit commun mais ne soit pas réduit à de l’inconscient, de l’infantile, de l’identique pluri-individuel ? L’auteur, psychanalyste et thérapeute de couple, propose le recours au concept d’appartenance de la théorie des ensembles et concrètement, dans la pratique, à sa version subjective : le concept du partagé et du non partagé. Une façon de penser le commun du couple qui maintienne les différences et sa désorganisation parfois irréductibles, une façon de ne pas prendre notre désir inconscient d’unification du couple pour celui du couple. En recourant également à la notion de lien inconscient plutôt qu’à celle d’alliance inconsciente.
Capital de la douleur : la « littérature industrielle » et le marché, ou la dialectique de l’usure
Authors: Lévêque Laure
Published: December 2016

Engels, avouant avoir plus appris de Balzac que des théoriciens de l’économie, posait les bases de rapports dialectiques entre littérature et économie. Ce sont ces rapports qui sont ici interrogés, dans ces années postrévolutionnaires qui voient la formalisation de l’idéologie libérale et le développement du capitalisme où le capital, n’exceptant aucun champ d’investissement, s’insinue jusque dans le monde des idées comme l’enregistre Balzac dans L’illustre Gaudissart (1833) dont le héros, commis voyageur, marque « la grande transition qui […] soude le temps des exploitations matérielles aux exploitations intellectuelles » et fait la démonstration de ce que les idées sont devenues des marchandises. Si l’exploitation concerne ici les articles, ce sont bien ses mécanismes qui sont mis à nu, la « force niveleuse », « égalisant les produits » et les « jetant par masses, » qui alimentent la grande consommation des idées.
De la littérature comme industrie : Les Mystères de Paris et le roman-feuilleton à l’époque romantique
Authors: Nesci Catherine
Published: December 2016

À l’époque romantique, l’industrialisation des biens culturels et les prémices d’une démocratisation de la culture suscitent de vifs débats sur le roman-feuilleton. Violemment opposés au nouveau cadre médiatique de la littérature, les critiques, en pharmaciens et moralistes littéraires, tels Sainte-Beuve et Nettement, mettent en œuvre un imaginaire des bas-fonds et diagnostiquent la pollution morale qu’engendre à leurs yeux une représentation par le bas et par la presse, qui orchestre la « viralité » du feuilleton et la contamination fantasmée de l’espace public. Dans la décennie 1840, Les Mystères de Paris d’Eugène Sue entraînent des réactions passionnées sur la désacralisation de la littérature et la démoralisation du lectorat. Mais un poète ouvrier, Savinien Lapointe, défend le roman de Sue et renverse les déplorations élitistes de la critique bourgeoise. La stigmatisation de la littérature mercantile articule non seulement l’autonomisation d’un champ littéraire apparemment délesté de tout rapport à l’argent, mais aussi le face-à-face dualiste de la Littérature et de son autre (mercenaire).
Littérature et économie politique : une analyse comparée des approches de Saint-Simon et Jean-Baptiste Say
Authors: Jacoud Gilles
Published: December 2016

Saint-Simon et Jean-Baptiste Say, qui rédigent l’essentiel de leur œuvre dans les premières décennies du xix e  siècle, ont l’un et l’autre une démarche qui les conduit à faire connaître leurs idées en matière d’économie politique en empruntant beaucoup à la littérature. Ils mettent tous les deux en avant la nécessité de promouvoir une nouvelle science en s’appuyant sur différents genres littéraires comme le genre épistolaire ou l’essai. Ils écrivent plusieurs ouvrages qui, en dépit d’un contenu qui se veut scientifique, ne recourent pas au formalisme mathématique. Ils sont même tous deux auteurs d’un catéchisme visant à toucher un large public grâce à un écrit prenant la forme d’une succession de brèves questions et réponses. L’article montre quels genres littéraires leur permettent d’exposer et de diffuser les idées qui sont au cœur de leur doctrine, présentant les similitudes entre les deux auteurs et les spécificités propres à chacun des deux.
Économie amoureuse : Homologies structurales dans les comédies espagnoles et françaises du xviii e siècle (Moratín, Iriarte, Destouches et Marivaux)
Authors: Schuchardt Béatrice
Published: December 2016

Partant du concept des « homologies structurales » que Daniel Fulda (2005) a constatées entre la comédie et le secteur financier, l’article se concentre sur le « ménage à trois » dans la production théâtrale française des Lumières traitant de la négociation conjugale (Marivaux et Destouches), et la compare au triangle amoureux tel qu’il est représenté dans les comédies espagnoles (Moratín père et Iriarte). La présente étude analyse dans quelle mesure la comédie avec ses turbulences amoureuses, ses feintes et ses échanges (de biens et d’amants) reflète la dynamique de l’économie sur le plan de la configuration des personnages. D’un côté, les discours théâtraux des deux pays se recoupent dans leur mise en relation de l’amour et du commerce qui témoigne d’un même ethos civique inspiré par les Lumières ; de l’autre, l’étude met en relief les moments précis où les mises en scène de la recherche d’un conjoint et celles du mariage comme des processus dirigés par des intérêts économiques divergent en raison de contextes culturels et historiques différents.
Le don, entre toute-puissance et pathologie
Authors: Reffait Christophe
Published: December 2016

Consacré à l’étude comparative d’ Eugénie Grandet et de La Joie de vivre , cet article commence par rappeler en quoi ces deux romans présentent des exemples évidents de pathologie de l’intérêt, en particulier à travers les personnages du père Grandet et de Mme Chanteau : le premier prend place dans la galerie balzacienne des monomanes de l’or, la seconde est le sujet d’une véritable psychosomatique de l’intérêt déréglé. L’étude revient ensuite sur la macrostructure de ces romans : nous pouvons lire dans Eugénie Grandet le processus de vexation des sentiments par les intérêts passionnés qui se trouve décrit dans certains textes préfaciers balzaciens ; nous voyons se dessiner dans La Joie de vivre le phénomène de retournement du don sacrificiel en toute puissance qu’ont bien analysé Jean Borie et Jean-Louis Cabanès. Mais le présent article finit surtout par interroger la surestimation paradoxale de l’argent qui caractérise les dons faits par les protagonistes féminines Eugénie et Pauline à leurs amants : on reconnaît la classique métaphorisation du pucelage en trésor ; on constate que l’amour est informé par le langage de l’argent ; on se demande enfin si la pathologie de ces héroïnes ne consiste pas à surestimer les pouvoirs de leur don, cette relation pathologique constituant l’envers de la relation de crédit.
Du bébé entre ethnologie et psychanalyse : un « passionnant » objet anthropologique
Authors: Quirot Benoît
Published: December 2016

Après un retour aux sources du concept d’« efficacité symbolique », le présent article décline les raisons principales faisant du nouveau-né humain – des théories entourant sa conception aux émotions, représentations et pratiques l’accueillant lors de sa venue au monde – un passionnant objet anthropologique. De l’ethnologie à la psychanalyse en passant par la psychologie interculturelle, il retrace le dialogue et parfois les points aveugles de ces disciplines dans l’approche du bébé et de sa rencontre avec ceux qui l’entourent : esquissant en quoi, à la lumière de travaux cliniques plus récents mais à la condition d’une réelle pluridisciplinarité, cette « situation anthropologique fondamentale » entourant les premiers liens ne devrait plus, désormais, être considérée comme un « petit sujet » pour la recherche anthropologique.
Conceptualisation de la psychothérapie d’enfants à la lumière des défis rencontrés en pédopsychiatrie et en protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Terradas Miguel M. , Domon-Archambault Vincent
Published: December 2016

Les enfants consultant en pédopsychiatrie ou qui sont sous la responsabilité des autorités garantes de la protection de la jeunesse pré­sentent souvent un fonctionnement psychique axé sur l’agir au détriment de la pensée, de la parole et de la symbolisation. Il est donc nécessaire pour le clinicien de faire des adaptations des techniques d’intervention associées à la psychothérapie d’enfants d’approche psychanalytique dite classique pour être en mesure de les aider à développer ces processus psychiques, préalables à l’entreprise de ce type de psycho-thérapie. Les auteurs proposent une reconceptualisation de la psychothérapie d’enfants selon trois modalités d’intervention, soit le travail thérapeutique des conflits intrapsychiques et relationnels du jeune, la psychothérapie visant à rétablir la capacité à jouer et à faire semblant de l’enfant, et l’intervention centrée sur le développement des processus et fonctions psychiques nécessaires au travail thérapeutique du jeu traumatique chez le jeune. Ces trois modalités d’intervention sont illustrées à l’aide de cas cliniques.
L’enfant né avec une malformation faciale et les moqueries : analyse et prévention
Authors: Gavelle Pascale
Published: December 2016

Dans la pratique clinique avec des enfants nés avec des malformations faciales, les moqueries sont fréquemment évoquées. Pourtant, a contrario, certains enfants n’en subissent pas. Une réflexion théorico-clinique a été menée, dans un souci de prévention, sur la base d’entretiens cliniques réalisés autour de ce sujet. Il en résulte que les enfants moqués ont, la plupart du temps, une incapacité à se raconter. Leurs parents évoquent toujours une expérience traumatique au moment de la découverte de la malformation et du diagnostic, une faille narcissique, mais celle-ci est restée telle quelle dans le psychisme parental. La honte et la culpabilité transpirent. L’enfant en a hérité, dans l’évitement de cette partie de son histoire et le déni de sa malformation. Il se trouve donc sidéré face à la remarque d’un Autre. Dans notre hypothèse, cette première moquerie blessera d’autant plus qu’elle touche au narcissisme, à cette honte transmise et ressentie par l’enfant héritier. Toutes les conditions seront réunies pour que la moquerie s’installe dans le temps.
Después de cruzar la frontera se llega al límite: Norte, de Edmundo Paz Soldán
Authors: Sánchez Pablo
Published: December 2016

Norte, de Edmundo Paz Soldán, es un intento de replantear la narrativa de frontera mexicano-estadounidense a partir de casos excepcionales que escapan a las usuales coordenadas sociohistóricas de ese subgénero narrativo. La pluralidad de identidades migrantes de la novela presenta fórmulas anómalas e impredecibles de respuesta psicológica y asimilación cultural que discuten los modelos previos de transculturación.
La medición de un imperio: reconstrucción de los instrumentos utilizados en el proyecto de López de Velasco para la determinación de la longitud
Authors: Morato-Moreno Manuel
Published: December 2016

El artículo aborda la reconstrucción gráfica de los instrumentos descritos en la Instrucción de Juan López de Velasco para determinar la longitud mediante la observación de los eclipses de Luna. Al final se formula una propuesta teórica: aunque el método para la determinación de las longitudes descrito en el cuestionario de los eclipses, ha sido atribuido en diversas ocasiones a López de Velasco, la invención de los instrumentos es poco probable que se deba al cosmógrafo real, existiendo indicios que apuntan hacia la intervención de Juan de Herrera, arquitecto de Felipe II.
Connecting the Past and the Present
Authors: Blatt-Gross Carolina Eve
Published: December 2016

Given our deep history of socially-situated artmaking and the human propensity for learning in social contexts, participation in community art offers a wealth of educational potential. Supported by research from neuroscience, anthropology, psychology, education and the arts, as well as concrete examples from higher education, this chapter will outline the theoretical basis for a curriculum rich in community art and establish such practices as a potential antidote to student apathy in contemporary classrooms. This body of interdisciplinary research situates community-based art education at the intersection of transformative community art, social learning theory, and student engagement. By first generating a community of practice within the classroom, then providing students with an opportunity to apply course content, contribute to their immediate culture, and take advantage of some of our most entrenched educational tendencies, community-based art education can be invaluable to student learning and engagement.
Ensino e aprendizagem da leitura: um diagnóstico entre alunos do 4° ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Cabreira Maria Do Carmo , Costa-Hübes Terezinha Da Conceição
Published: December 2016

Com base na compreensão do caráter dialógico da língua, na concepção interacionista da linguagem e nos gêneros discursivos como instrumentos de ensino, este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise da compreensão leitora de alunos do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública de ensino, com o propósito de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de práticas que promovam o letramento em leitura. Trata-se dos dados gerados dentro de uma Pesquisa de Mestrado – PROFLETRAS – em fase de andamento, caracterizando-se, assim, como uma pesquisa qualitativa-interpretativista, do tipo etnográfico e pesquisa-ação, alicerçada pela Linguística Aplicada. Na pesquisa, iremos analisar dados de um diagnóstico em leitura, a fim de propor intervenções didáticas que contribuam para a formação de leitores proficientes, investigando nossa prática pedagógica. Esta pesquisa encontra-se inserida no projeto vinculado ao Programa Observatório da Educação – CAPES/INEP.
A linguagem dos idosos da região sudeste do Brasil: o nível prosódico
Authors: Santos Karoline Pimentel dos , Santana Ana Paula
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a velocidade de fala de 16 idosos saudáveis, de 50 a 65 anos, provenientes da região Sudeste do Brasil. Os dados foram extraídos do discurso semiespontâneo do banco de dados do ALIB. Para a análise da velocidade de fala (ms/palavra), foi utilizado o programa Transcriber. Os resultados mostraram que há uma variação de velocidade entre sujeitos de diferentes capitais. Idosos de Belo Horizonte apresentam maior velocidade no Sudeste, ao passo que cariocas apresentam a menor velocidade na mesma região. Concluiu-se que a redução da velocidade de fala encontrada na literatura pode não ser reflexo de degeneração por envelhecimento e ter relação com aspectos socioculturais.
Pedagogia da tradução baseada em corpus: associações entre teorias e práticas do ensino do habitus tradutório por meio de corpora
Authors: Serpa Talita , Rocha Celso Fernando
Published: December 2016

O preceito de habitus (Bourdieu, 1980) representa um sistema de experiências que funciona como matriz de ações e torna possível a realização de tarefas. A partir da aplicação desse conceito nos Estudos da Tradução, autores como Simeoni (1998) sugerem a existência de um habitus ‘tradutório’, o qual contribui para a formulação de estratégias de tradução. No âmbito da abordagem da Pedagogia para a Tradução, Díaz Fouces (1999) afirma que há uma orientação destinada ao ensino, a qual se pauta no reconhecimento do uso real da linguagem via corpora, de modo que esses possam facilitar a sistematização das informações, a fim de servirem como base para a prática. Assim, apoiamo-nos na Linguística de Corpus (Berber Sardinha, 2010), nos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (Baker, 1996, 2000) e na Pedagogia da Tradução Baseada em Corpus (Laviosa, 2009; Camargo, 2011). Elaboramos uma proposta de ensino e organizamos um corpus composto pela obra Maíra (Ribeiro, 1976) e pela respectiva tradução. Empreendemos uma reflexão sobre o ensino da tradução de termos (Barros, 2004) e de brasileirismos (Faulstich, 2004) e realizamos um exercício de prática tradutória em que os estudantes depararam-se com uma possível assimilação de condutas de aplicação do habitus ‘tradutório’.
Third places and the interactive construction of interculturality in the English as foreign/additional language classroom
Authors: Gil Gloria
Published: December 2016

Based on the assumption that the construction of interculturality in third places is essential for foreign/additional language teaching and learning, this paper aims at discussing how these third places are interactively constructed in real classrooms. In order to achieve that objective, I will first review some theoretical studies that have dealt with the construction of third places and interculturality in the classroom. Then, the methodological procedures will be explained. After that, I will contextualize, analyze and compare some real classroom episodes taken from different studies pointing out their different interactional features. The findings show that the episodes investigated present two types, having either an ‘essentialist cultural orientation’ or an ‘intercultural orientation’. In the former orientation, the episodes cannot be considered third places as culture is an object constructed as an entity in its own right (Liddicoat & Scarino, 2013). On the other hand, in the latter orientation, third places seem to be constructed as teachers and learners are seemingly interactively engaged in the practice of meaning-making by confronting different points of view.
Sensor Based Human Movement Controlled Hydraulic and Electrical Robotic Arm
Authors: Rahman Md Shad , Sultan Rasel A. , Hasan N.M.
Published: December 2016

This system is designed for advance Robotic control. It based on sensor data acquisition and software data processing. With those systems controlling a robotic hand by hydraulic and electric means. It is separated by two different sections. First, data acquisition section with differential sensor data (Gyro sensor, Flex sensor, Pressure sensor). Second, software processed data application system consisting of robotic hand. Specialty of this system is it gives precise control of robotic arm following human hand movement. It also gives touch and pressure feelings in robotic hand. A lot of work can be done easily with the help of it. Like this system gives remote bomb disposal, hazardous environmental work remotely, remote operation, remote medical help and so on.
A Review on Analytical Modeling of Bio-Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Ahamed Oli , bin Mazhar Fahad , Rasedujjaman Md
Published: December 2016

Biosensor is a device that detects any change in physical parameter of biological elements in physicochemical manner and transfers its output in electrical manner. Nanotechnology is playing an emerging role in the development of biosensors and carbon nanotube is the leading one in this developing field. Carbon nanotube has an excellent combination of mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties that has stimulated increasing interest in the application of CNTs as component in biosensors. This paper provides a review of analytical modeling of biosensors on the basis of carbon nanotube.
A Framework for Application of Reliability Centered Maintenance in the Lead Oxide Production System
Authors: Ahmad Nafis , Karim Md Ahasan Ul
Published: December 2016

In this work a framework on application of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) for Lead Oxide production process in the battery industry is developed. Standard RCM method is used here through Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and decision making criteria is established in view of Criticality and Logic Tree Analysis (LTA). This paper also evaluates the system to find better scope of maintenance strategic fit. Proposed approach can shift the maintenance culture and thinking while maximizing equipment availability and enhancing plant reliability in this type of industries.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Chemically Treated Jute Fiber Reinforced MAgPP Green Composites
Authors: Shahinur Sweety , Hasan Mahbub , Ahsan Qumrul
Published: December 2016

Natural fibers are biodegradable, non toxic, recyclable, energy efficient and eco-friendly, which reduce the issue of waste disposal as seen in the case of synthetic fibers. Jute is the cheapest lignocellulosic long vegetable bast fiber and abundantly available in South Asia, especially in Bangladesh. It offers a number of benefits as reinforcement in synthetic polymers. In the present study, jute fiber was chemically treated in order to make it fire, rot and water retardant. Jute fiber reinforced green composites were manufactured using preheated chopped jute fiber and maleic anhydrate grafted polypropylene in the hot press machine at a temperature of 180°C and a pressure of 40 kN. Both raw and chemically treated jute fibers at three levels of fiber loading (20, 25 and 30 wt%) were utilized during composite manufacturing. Micro-structural analysis and mechanical testing of the manufactured green composites were subsequently carried out. Chemically treated jute fiber composites showed an improvement in mechanical properties as compared to the maleic anhydrate grafted polypropylene. The impact property was not significantly affected by chemical treatment. At room temperature water uptake increased with fiber weight fraction, while water retardant jute fiber composites absorbed more water as compared to the other composites. The rot retardant treated jute fiber composites had the best set of mechanical properties among all manufactured composites. SEM observation of the fracture surface clearly showed that control and rot retardant jute fiber reinforced green composites had more fiber pull out as compared to fire retardant and water retardant jute fiber reinforced green composites. This indicates better adhesion between the matrix and fiber in case of the fire retardant and water retardant green composites. Chemically treated jute fiber reinforced green composites could be popular as a substitute of plastic in house hold sectors as a moderate load bearing component.
Numerical Simulations of Fully Encased Composite Columns under Gravity Loads
Authors: Rahman Md Soebur , Begum Mahbuba
Published: December 2016

Composite structures is a combination of structural steel shapes and reinforced concrete and these two materials are combined in such a way to benefit each material characteristic. This paper investigates the behaviour and strength of axially loaded concrete encased steel composite columns. A nonlinear 3-D finite element (FE) model has been developed to analyse the inelastic behaviour of steel, concrete, and longitudinal reinforcement as well as the effect of concrete confinement on fully encased composite (FEC) columns. The model has been verified against the experiments conducted in the laboratory under concentric gravity loads. It has been found that the FE model is capable of predicting the nonlinear behaviour of the FEC columns up to failure with good accuracy. The capacities of each constituent of FEC columnssuch as steel-I section, concrete and rebars were also determined from the numerical study. Concrete is observed to provide around 57% of the total axial capacity of the column whereas the steel I-sections contributes to the rest of the capacity as well as to the ductility of the overall system. The nonlinear FE model developed in this study is also used to explore the effects of concrete strength on the behaviour of FEC columns under concentric loads. The axial capacity of FEC columns has been found to increase significantly by increasing the strength of concrete.
Investigation of Silicon Nitride as an Excellent Membrane Material for MEMS Ultrasonic Transducers
Authors: Maity Reshmi , Maity Niladri Pratap , Thapa R.K. , Baishya S.
Published: December 2016

Silicon micromachining techniques developed over the last few decades’ aid in precise control over nanometer scale structures. Using these techniques to fabricate transducer elements with small electrode spacing efficient and broadband ultrasonic air transducers can be made. In this paper frequency response profile of a circular capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) element with silicon nitride as the membrane material is analytically modelled and compared with FEM simulation results. It is observed that the resonance frequency is highly dependent on the membrane material and structural properties. Silicon nitride serves as an excellent material for generation and detection of ultrasonic waves in air. The results are compared with published experimental values and appreciable agreement is obtained.
A lot gone but still hanging on: Floristics of remnant patches of endangered KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld
Authors: Drury Charmaine C. , Ramdhani Syd , Naidoo Sershen , Carbutt Clinton , Boodhraj Renira , Mbatha Philani
Published: December 2016

Background: KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld (KZNSS) is an endangered subtropical grassland type, of which a large proportion occurs within the eThekwini Municipal Area (EMA).Objectives: Examining the flora of KZNSS will allow a more fundamental understanding of the potential variability across remnant patches of this vegetation type, increasing the ability to accurately delimit KZNSS from adjacent similar vegetation types.Method: Floristic data were collected using quadrats and transects for three recognised KZNSS sites (Giba Gorge Environmental Precinct (GGEP), Inanda Mountain (IM) and Springside Nature Reserve (SSNR)), all within the EMA. Alpha diversity (Shannon’s exponential and Simpson’s inverse indices) and beta diversity measures were calculated and compared across all sites. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis using the Jaccard index and a non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination were used to assess similarity amongst quadrats across the three sites.Results: One hundred and thirty-one plant species were found to occur in GGEP, 95 in IM and 121 in SSNR. However, of the total 193 species found to occur collectively (i.e. quadrat and transect data combined) across the three sites, only 50 species were common to all these sites. The results of the alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significant floristic variability both within and across the KZNSS sites sampled, with Shannon’s exponential index being highest in SSNR, followed by GGEP and lowest in IM. The lack of controlled access and unregulated burning regimes appear to have clearly affected the flora at the IM site in terms of species richness and increased evenness, as well as the relatively greater presence of introduced alien species and lower abundances of taxa of conservation concern. The pristine GGEP site had the highest number of species in total, with species being less evenly spread across the site, as well as the highest number of taxa conservation and low abundances of alien species. The main separations in the ordination results can be attributed to quadrat sampling performed pre- and post-burn.Conclusion: The floristic distinction of IM from GGEP and SSNR is attributed here to the intermediate disturbance effect of fire in grasslands which can lead to species loss if burning is too frequent. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the delimitation, classification and management of KZNSS
Tiyo Soga: Violence, disruption and dislocation in the white polis
Authors: Vellem Vuyani
Published: December 2016

Tiyo Soga must be celebrated as he is the personification of a body of knowledge pertinent to the development of foundational knowledge in examining the violence, disruptions and dislocations of the bodies, knowledge and spirit in modernity. The question of skill and memory cannot be dichotomised in epistemologies of justice—the naming of black as pagan, kaffir, native, bantu, etcetra, in the history of oppression. Spatial justice, the article argues, is not just about physical space; it is about spiritual and temporal spaces as well. The linearity of time cannot do justice for the memory of the conquered. Land, the article argues, by inserting the memory of Tiyo Soga, is central to spatial justice as long as the ‘wedding’ between the troublesome Bible and the genocidal, epistemicidal and spirtualicidal forms of knowledge is debunked.
The concept of revelation in terms of the evolution of consciousness
Authors: Nürnberger Klaus
Published: December 2016

Following Paul’s injunction in 1 Corinthians 9:19–23 we have to ‘become scientists’ to a scientifically informed audience. While theology cannot agree with the naturalist denial of transcendence, it can adopt the experiential-realist approach typical for the sciences in its description of the Christian faith as an immanent part of cosmic evolution, albeit at a higher level of emergence. The article begins with my understanding of evolutionary theory (big bang cosmology, entropy, emergence, neural networks as infrastructure of consciousness, evolution and differentiation, sequences of past, present and future, contingency etc.) It then describes God consciousness as the intuition, perception or conceptualisation of the transcendent Source and Destiny of experienced reality and locates God consciousness in the evolutionary process. Biblical God consciousness displays two distinct characteristics: God’s creative power is experienced in reality, while God’s benevolent intentionality is proclaimed on the basis of a religious tradition. The evolutionary trajectory of biblical God consciousness, culminating in the Christ-event, is sketched and the God consciousness of Jesus is deduced from its religious embeddedness, its social-environmental relationships and its religious impact. Implications of an experiential-realist approach are (1) a dynamic, rather than ontological Christology and (2) the cosmic significance of the sacrifice of God in Christ. On this basis revelation is described first in experiential-realist and then in theological terms. The tension between the experience of God’s creative power and the proclamation of God’s benevolence leads to a dynamic, rather than ontological rendering of the Trinity. Finally, traditional eschatological assumptions are reconceptualised as God’s dynamic vision of comprehensive well-being operating like a horizon that moves on as we approach it and displays ever new vistas, challenges and opportunities.
Children’s perceptions of democratic values: Implications for democratic citizen education
Authors: Botha Annalie , Joubert Ina , Hugo Anna
Published: December 2016

A new generation of children are learning the importance of democratic values at a level which makes sense to them. Appropriate ‘democratic values’ for South Africa are set out in the Constitution, and the national curriculum aims to equip all learners with the knowledge and skills necessary for meaningful participation in society. In many schools, these values – responsibility, respect and the freedom of self-expression – are merely posted on the walls of classrooms, but are not integrated into the subject content. This article proposes that teachers need to determine children’s perceptions of the values in question, and these should be the starting point for teaching democratic values. Young children need to understand and experience values in the classroom, suitable to the development of their moral reasoning. To concretise concepts of values, we used the ‘pledge tree’ activity in an intervention, in which 9-year-old children wrote their values on paper ‘leaves’ which they then posted on a huge polystyrene tree. The paper reports on this experience as a research investigation, capturing children’s ideas.
Fostering children’s music in the mother tongue in early childhood education: A case study in Zambia
Authors: Kalinde Bibian , Vermeulen Dorette
Published: December 2016

The influence that the use of a familiar language has on learning has long been explored with suggestions that a child’s mother tongue is the most suited initial language of instruction in school. In Zambia, however, this is not the case as the majority of people think that young children should learn to speak in English as soon as possible because this is the language of education. As a result, songs in English dominate the singing repertoire in pre-schools even when children have not mastered sufficient English vocabulary. Singing songs in English, just as teaching children in a language they do not understand, has been shown to hamper learning. The theoretical lens of indigenous African education underpins the study in order to investigate how music in the mother tongue in a cultural context can foster educational aims. Research participants included an expert in Zambian indigenous children’s songs who also acted as resource person and led 18 children aged between 5 and 6 years in sessions of music in their mother tongue. The findings of the study revealed that educational implications of children’s participation in music in the mother tongue can be found in the way in which they are organised, the activities they involve and in the music elements that characterise them.
‘Every mother dances her baby’: Contextually responsive narratives of early childhood care and education in Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Okwany Auma
Published: December 2016

Despite major steps towards providing early childhood care and education (ECCE) services in Kenya and Uganda, access to responsive services is still out of reach for many young children, and where available, they are often out of touch with local realities. In this paper, I trouble the universalising and totalising tendencies of the dominant narrative of ECCE as a template of thought and action and highlight the role of indigenous knowledge as a critical but often missing link in ECCE policy and practice. I draw on the situated experiences of caregivers and local communities, which counter the dominant narrative and argue that culturally responsive ECCE requires contextually sensitive policy and programmes. Such policies should affirm and support the important role of local knowledge in the care and socialisation of young children. Policies should also recognise the informal resilient social protection system without obscuring the role of the state in addressing structural vulnerability.
Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin versus beta-tri-calcium phosphate in the treatment of Grade II mandibular furcation defects using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Siddiqui Zeba Rahman , Jhingran Rajesh , Bains Vivek Kumar , Srivastava Ruchi , Madan Rohit , Rizvi Iram
Published: December 2016

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) versus β-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) in the treatment of Grade II mandibular furcation defects. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Grade II furcation defect in mandibular molars which were assigned to open flap debridement (OFD) with PRF Group I (n = 15), to OFD with β-TCP Group II (n = 15), and to OFD alone Group III (n = 15) were analyzed for clinical parameters (probing pocket depth [PPD], vertical clinical attachment level [VCAL], horizontal clinical attachment level [HCAL], gingival recession, relative vertical height of furcation [r-VHF], and relative horizontal depth of furcation [r-HDF]) and radiographical parameters (horizontal depth of furcation [H-DOF], vertical height of furcation [V-HOF]) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 6 months interval. Results: For clinical parameters, reduction in PPD and gain in VCAL and HCAL were higher in Group II as compared to Group I. Change in r-VHF and r-HDF was greater in Group II as compared to Group I. Mean percentage clinical vertical defect fill was higher in Group II as compared to Group I (58.52% ± 11.68% vs. 53.24% ± 13.22%, respectively). On CBCT, mean change at 6 months for all parameters showed nonsignificant difference between the two experimental groups. Mean change in V-HOF was higher in Group I as compared to Group II, but mean change in H-DOF and furcation width was more in Group II as compared to Group I. Conclusion: For both experimental and control groups, there was statistically significant improvement at 6 months follow-up from baseline values.
Effect of platelet-rich plasma concentrations on the proliferation of periodontal cells: An in vitro study
Authors: Tavassoli-Hojjati Sara , Sattari Mandana , Ghasemi Tayebeh , Ahmadi Rahil , Mashayekhi Abbas
Published: December 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation of undifferentiated periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: The undifferentiated PDL fibroblasts were obtained from two healthy human premolar teeth and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Cell wells were divided into five groups. Experimental groups received 0.1%, 5%, or 50% PRP; the positive and negative control groups were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) 12% and in a medium without FBS 12%, respectively. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days. PDL cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide proliferation assay. Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished using repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The 5% PRP had the greatest effect on undifferentiated fibroblast proliferation, which was significant on the 3rd day. There was no significant difference between 0.1% PRP and positive control during the first 3 days. The group with 50% PRP presented significantly lower proliferation, compared to other experimental and control groups. Conclusions: It may be concluded that the growth-stimulating effect of PRP is dose dependent with the best results in low concentrations.
Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography in defining spatial relationships between third molar roots and inferior alveolar nerve
Authors: Pippi Roberto , Santoro Marcello , D'Ambrosio Ferdinando
Published: December 2016

Objective: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been proposed in surgical planning of lower third molar extraction. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of CBCT in defining third molar root morphology and its spatial relationships with the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Materials and Methods: Intraoperative and radiographic variables of 74 lower third molars were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperative variables included IAN exposure, number of roots, root morphology of extracted third molars, and presence/absence of IAN impression on the root surface. Radiographic variables included presence/absence of the cortex separating IAN from the third molar roots on CBCT examination, number of roots and root morphology on both orthopantomography (OPG) and CBCT. The statistical association between variables was evaluated using the Fisher's exact test. Results: In all cases of intraoperative IAN exposure, the cortex appeared discontinuous on CBCT images. All cases, in which the cortical bone was continuous on CBCT images, showed no association with nerve exposure. In all cases in which nerve impression was identified on the root surface, the IAN cortex showed interruptions on CBCT images. No nerve impression was identified in any of the cases, in which the cortex appeared continuous on CBCT images. CBCT also highlighted accessory roots and apical anomalies/curvatures, not visible on the OPG. Conclusions: CBCT seems to provide reliable and accurate information about the third molar root morphology and its relationship with the IAN.
Are temporary anchorage devices truly effective in the treatment of skeletal open bites?
Authors: Turkkahraman Hakan , Sarioglu Mehmet
Published: December 2016

Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in the treatment of skeletal open bites and to compare the results with untreated controls. Materials and Methods: A total of forty patients with skeletal anterior open bites were assigned to two groups of twenty each. The mean chronological age for the treatment group (14 female, 6 male) was 16.68 ± 2.80 years old, compared with 16.63 ± 2.83 years old for the control group (11 female, 9 male). Titanium miniplates fixed bilaterally to the infrazygomatic crest area were used as TADs and intrusive forces were applied to the posterior teeth with Ni-Ti coil springs. The treatment and normal growth changes were evaluated using 24 measurements (2 angular, 22 linear). Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in Bx, By, Sn/GoGn, Ax-Bx, U6x, U6y, overjet, overbite, SN/OccP, N-Me, Ans-Me, S-Go/N-Me, interpremolar width, and intermolar width (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, statistically significant upper molar intrusion (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 3.59 ± 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.96–4.22), posterior rotation of the occlusal plane (mean ± SD, 3.42 ± 2.17; 95% CI, 2.39–4.43), anterior rotation of the mandible (mean ± SD, 2.25 ± 1.91; 95% CI, 1.36–3.14), and resultant overbite improvement (mean ± SD, 4.82 ± 1.53; 95% CI, 4.10–5.53) were found (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Mild to moderate skeletal anterior open bites could easily be treated with TADs without orthognathic surgery. With the rigid anchorage of miniplates, true molar intrusion of up to 4 mm was achieved. With molar intrusion, anterior rotation of the mandible and a significant reduction in anterior face height were determined.
Assessment of the role of cross section on fatigue resistance of rotary files when used in reciprocation
Authors: Sekar Vadhana , Kumar Ranjith , Nandini Suresh , Ballal Suma , Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
Published: December 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of cross section on cyclic fatigue resistance of One Shape, Revo-S SU, and Mtwo rotary files in continuous rotation and reciprocating motion in dynamic testing model. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 new rotary One Shape, Revo-S SU, and Mtwo files (ISO size 25, taper 0.06, length 25 mm) were subjected to continuous rotation or reciprocating motion. A cyclic fatigue testing device was fabricated with 60° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius. The dynamic testing of these files was performed using an electric motor which permitted the reproduction of pecking motion. All instruments were rotated or reciprocated until fracture occurred. The time taken for each instrument to fracture was recorded. All the fractured files were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to detect the mode of fracture. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference post hoc test. Results: The time taken for instruments in reciprocating motion to fail under cyclic loading was significantly longer when compared with groups in continuous rotary motion. There was a statistically significant difference between Mtwo rotary and the other two groups in both continuous and reciprocating motion. One Shape rotary files recorded significantly longer duration to fracture resistance when compared with Revo-S SU files in both continuous and reciprocating motion. SEM observations showed that the instruments of all groups had undergone a ductile mode of fracture. Conclusion: Reciprocating motion improved the cyclic fatigue resistance of all tested groups.
Dental prosthetic status and treatment needs of adult population in Jizan, Saudi Arabia: A survey report
Authors: Peeran Syed Ali , Al Sanabani Fuad , AL-Makramani Bandar M. A. , Elamin Elfatih Ibrahim
Published: December 2016

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the dental prosthetic status and treatment needs of adult population in Jizan, Saudi Arabia, in relation to the age. Materials and Methods: A total of 1779 people aged 35–74 years from 4 survey areas (Hay al matar, Mahata khams, Dara ut tawhid, and Suq ad dakhili) selected through convenient sampling, around Jizan University, were surveyed, using the WHO survey criteria, 1997. Statistical Analysis: Number and percentages were calculated, and univariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test at 5% level of significance. Results: Different forms of prosthesis were present among patients in the upper (19.9%) and lower (19%) arches, respectively. Prosthetic treatment need was recognized in subjects, 56.4% for the upper and 57.2% for the lower arches, respectively. The prosthetic status and treatment needs differed statistically with respect to age. Conclusion: More than half of the surveyed adult populations were in need of some or the other forms of prosthesis. This study provides data for an oral health-care provider program for Jizan.
Comparison of compressive strength among three different intracanal post materials in primary anterior teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Nilavarasan Nilavu , Hemalatha R. , Vijayakumar R. , Hariharan V. S.
Published: December 2016

Objective: The objective of our study was to compare the fracture resistance and the mode of failure among three different post materials in primary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty extracted primary anterior teeth were selected for the study. The samples were divided into three groups of twenty teeth each: Group I (Ribbond), Group II (Omega loop), and Group III (Glass fiber post). Pulp therapy was followed by intracanal post and crown buildup. The samples were mounted in self-cure acrylic and subjected to compressive strength test using universal testing machine (Instron). The maximum force at which the tooth fractured was recorded. Results: The values were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The mean compressive strength values of Ribbond, omega loop, and glass fiber post were found to be 83.25 N, 61.60 N, and 75.55 N, respectively. The P value was found to be 0.220. Conclusion: Group I (Ribbond) showed the highest fracture resistance values followed by Group III (Glass fiber post) and Group II (Omega loop). Although there is difference in mean values, they were nonsignificant.
Knowledge and attitudes of dental interns toward denture adhesives in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Taweel Sara Mohammad , Al Shehri Huda Ahmed
Published: December 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dental interns at King Saud University College of Dentistry (KSUCD) regarding denture adhesives (DAs). Materials and Methods: Surveys were distributed to dental interns at KSUCD (n = 100). Cross-tabulations with the Pearson's Chi-square test were used to compare variables using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Approximately, 85.5% of the respondents had learned about DAs as part of their undergraduate curriculum, 71% agree that DAs can be a beneficial adjunct in the fabrication of dentures, and 87% agree that dentists should routinely inform all denture patients of the proper use and misuse of DAs. Conclusion: Most of the participants have adequate knowledge and attitude toward DAs.