bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relations Between Motivation and Reading Achievement for K–12 Students
Authors: Toste Jessica R. , Didion Lisa , Peng Peng , Filderman Marissa J. , McClelland Amanda M.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this meta-analytic review was to investigate the relation between motivation and reading achievement among students in kindergarten through 12th grade. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed published research resulted in 132 articles with 185 independent samples and 1,154 reported effect sizes (Pearson’s r). Results of our random-effects metaregression model indicate a significant, moderate relation between motivation and reading, r = .22, p < .001. Moderation analyses revealed that the motivation construct being measured influenced the relation between motivation and reading. There were no other significant moderating or interaction effects related to reading domain, sample type, or grade level. Evidence to support the bidirectional nature of the relation between motivation and reading was provided through longitudinal analyses, with findings suggesting that earlier reading is a stronger predictor of later motivation than motivation is of reading. Taken together, the findings from this meta-analysis provide a better understanding of how motivational processes relate to reading performance, which has important implications for developing effective instructional practices and fostering students’ active engagement in reading. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for reading development are discussed.
Menopozal Semptom Yönetiminde Sarı Kantaron Kullanımı: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: DÜNDAR Tuğba , TOPTAŞ Belma , KARAÇAM Zekiye
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Bu araştırma, menopoz döneminde kullanılan sarı kantaron bitkisinin menopozal semptomlara etkisini incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Sistematik derleme niteliğinde olan çalışma, 17 Aralık 2018-3 Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında, Türkçe ve İngilizce dizinler taranarak yapılmıştır. Ulakbim, Türk Medline, Google Akademik ve Ulusal Tez Merkezi Web of Science, PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane ve EBSCOhost veri tabanları, “menopoz, klimakteriyum, sarı kantaron, St John’s wort, Hypericum perforatum, menopoz ve sarı kantaron,  menopoz ve St John’s wort, menopoz ve Hypericum perforatum, klimakteriyum ve sarı kantaron, klimakteriyum ve St John’s wort, klimakteriyum ve Hypericum perforatum” anahtar kelimeleri ile taranmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada toplam 602 kayda ulaşılmış olup, üçü sarı kantaronun tek başına, dördü farklı bitkilerle bir arada kullanımının menopozal semptomlara etkisini inceleyen, toplam 819 kadın ile yapılan dokuz araştırma analize alınmıştır. Sarı kantaronun tek başına kullanıldığı beş çalışmadan ikisinde, bu bitkinin vazomotor semptomları, ikisinde uyku sorunlarını, depresyon ve yorgunluğu azaltmada etkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bitkinin kombine kullanıldığı dört çalışmadan üçünde kombinasyonun vazomotor semptomları, ikisinde anksiyete ve depresyonu azaltmada etkili olduğu, birinde ise vajinal kuruluk ve libido kaybı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı bildirilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu sistematik derlemede sarı kantaronun tek başına ya da kombine kullanımının bazı menopozal semptomları azaltmada etkili olduğu, ancak bu konuda daha fazla deneysel çalışmaya gereksinim bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: sarı kantaron (hypericum), , tamamlayıcı tedaviler
To the lichen flora of the Kamchatian fir grove (Kronotsky Nature Reserve)
Authors: Himelbrant D. E. , Stepanchikova I. S.
Published: May 2020

The fir (Abies gracilis) grove (Kamchatka Peninsula, Kronotsky State Nature Reserve) is a unique area for the northern part of the Russian Far East. As a result of revision of herbarium specimens and literature data a list of lichens of the fir grove was compiled, comprising 55 species. Of them, 27 species are new to the Kronotsky Reserve, 30 are firstly reported for the grove. Altogether 36 lichen epiphytes of Abies gracilis are known.
Contributions to the lichen flora of Kandalaksha Nature Reserve (Murmansk Region)
Authors: Zhdanov I. S.
Published: May 2020

The annotated list of 214 lichen species is presented. Among them, 43 species are new to the biogeographical province Karelia keretina, including 6 species new to the Murmansk Region.
Vlada demokratskog jedinstva koalicijski odgovor na velikosrpsku agresiju
Authors: Arlović Mato
Published: May 2020

Rad se bavi političkim i ustavnopravnim pitanjima koja su prethodila osnivanju Vlade demokratskog jedinstva. Napose, pitanjima koja su vezana
uz agresorski rat protiv Republike Hrvatske. U radu se razmatraju mogući razlozi zbog čega se za Vladu demokratskog jedinstva izbjegava koristiti (u raspravi o njoj) njezino obilježje da je koalicijska vlada,
iako ona to, nesporno, jest – po načinu svoga nastajanja, nadležnosti i
samog djelovanja. Pored toga, ukazuje se na značaj i učinke Vlade demokratskog jedinstva sa ciljem smirivanja i stabiliziranja tadašnjeg kaotičnog političkog stanja u Republici Hrvatskoj, radi jačanja jedinstva i sloge, te u svrhu odlučnog opredjeljenja hrvatskog naroda u političkom smislu za uspostavu ravnopravne zajednice državljana koji će braniti i obraniti Republiku Hrvatsku i njezine građane, te joj osigurati slobodu, puni teritorijalni integritet i suverenitet. Jedan od
temeljnih ciljeva bio je međunarodno priznanje u okviru granica koje je
Hrvatska imala kao Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska. Prethodno navedena pitanja kojima ću se baviti u ovom radu, primarno ću obraditi s
ustavnopravnog aspekta, ali i s aspekta međunarodnog prava.
Developments of sports law in the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Kraljić Suzana , Šepec Miha , Drnovšek Katja
Published: May 2020

The authors addressed the topic of the development of sports law in the Republic of Slovenia, both from historical and analytical perspectives. A
new Sports Act (ZŠpo-1) was recently adopted in Slovenia in order to replace a previous – and somewhat outdated – Sports Act (ZSpo). This framework act regulates basic requirements for the organisation and implementation of sports activities. The article includes a presentation
of the most important changes that affect the organisation of sports in
Slovenia. Other issues related to the area of sports law can generally be solved by applying general provisions (e.g. from Code of Obligations,
Criminal Code and other fundamental acts). In addition to the historical development of Sports Act, the article also includes the analysis of some of the most important general acts that can be applied to sports-related issues.
Nastojanja na putu "rane deseksualizacije" djece – interes djeteta ili potreba odraslih
Authors: Jakovac-Lozić Dijana
Published: May 2020

Jedan od značajnijih mehanizama na putu stvaranja nekog novog društvenog
poretka jest indoktrinacija djece. U eri prevalencije hegemonističko-globalističkih ideja i stremljenja koja svijet budućnosti
percipiraju kao masu bez povijesti, kulture i identiteta, u vremenu gašenja ili barem erodiranja dječjih prava, radničkih prava, prava nerođenih, starijih, bolesnih, bujaju seksualna prava i to ona namijenjena najmlađima. Rad na postizanju otuđenja od stvarnosti stremi najgnusnijemu – seksualizaciji djece. Većim dijelom biva kanaliziran kroz obvezne odgojno-obrazovne modele (od vrtića do škola). K tome, ne smijemo smetnuti s uma ni ulogu kontinuiteta ‘širenja prostora slobode’,
zahvaljujući utjecajima suvremenih tehnologija (internet, društvene mreže i sl.), čime se dodatno šire prostori mogućnosti manipulacije, kao
i kontrole utjecaja na djecu.
Iza ovoga stoje nagnuća svjetskih centara moći, međunarodnih organizacija, počevši od Ujedinjenih naroda, preko Vijeća Europe do Europske unije. Isti daju izniman “doprinos” na području navedenog segmenta suvremene puerikulture. Istodobno roditeljska uloga nikada nije
bila na većoj kušnji i nikada nije bila do te mjere marginalizirana kao
sada. Međunarodna zajednica, postavljajući se u ulogu fanatičnog “popravljača svijeta”, roditeljima otima vlastito potomstvo, obrazujući ih i odgajajući prema zacrtanim postulatima. Međutim, osim odgojno-obrazovnih programa, djeca se izravno uvode u domenu rane seksualizacije i kroz suživot u ‘nenaravnom’ roditeljskom (istospolnom, transrodnom) okruženju, što je dio i hrvatskog pravnog realiteta. Pitamo
se gdje se u svem tom metežu gomilanja i mrvljenja ljudskih prava, značaja političke i ine korektnosti, pogubila dobrobit djeteta kao imperativ te najbolji interes djeteta kao pravo nad svakim pravom? Pogubili su se upravo u trenutku u kojem nam je živjeti – trenutku slobode ludosti i stida zdravoumnosti.
Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću u svjetlu novele Zakona o trgovačkim društvima iz 2019.
Authors: Ivkošić Marko
Published: May 2020

Izlažu se i komentiraju odredbe o društvu s ograničenom odgovornošću koje su se izmijenile i dopunile Novelom Zakona o trgovačkim društvima u
2019. Povod njezinu donošenju jest uvođenje rješenja iz Direktive (EU) 2017/828 Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 17. svibnja 2017. u pogledu poticanja dugoročnog sudjelovanja dioničara (dalje: Direktiva 2017/828) u
hrvatski pravni poredak, ali se njime značajno zadrlo i u materiju uređenja d.o.o.-a. Izmijenjene su odredbe o ulozima za preuzete poslovne
udjele, o raspolaganju poslovnim udjelom, o jednostavnom društvu s ograničenom odgovornošću, a Zakon se dopunjuje s dva potpuno nova odjeljka naslovljena: „Osnivanje društva na daljinu bez punomoćnika“ i „Prestanak društva po skraćenom postupku“. Pravnopolitički cilj, učiniti
hrvatsko gospodarstvo konkurentnijim i ulagačima privlačnijim, pokušao se ostvariti olakšanjem, kako osnivanja, tako i prestanka društava. Detaljno se raspravlja o jednostavnom društvu s ograničenom odgovornošću
i kritički osvrće na proširenje broja osnivača toga društva, a de lege ferenda predlaže se njegovo ukidanje. Nakon izlaganja o novoj mogućnosti
osnivanja trgovačkog društva elektroničkim putem, zakonska se rješenja podvrgavaju kritici a temeljni razlog zabrinutosti krije se u činjenici isključenja javnih bilježnika iz postupka osnivanja društva. Ne samo da se na taj način osnivačima onemogućuje da budu upoznati o pravima, dužnostima i rizicima kojima se izlažu ulaskom u poduzetnički pothvat, već se time potkopava pravna sigurnost zbog mogućeg povećanja računalnog
kriminaliteta i zaobilaženja odredbi o sprečavanju pranja novca. Komentira se mogućnost prestanka društva po skraćenom postupku i mjere zaštite vjerovnika. Zaključno se daje kritički osvrt na određene odredbe
i institute prava društva s ograničenom odgovornošću i de lege ferenda predlažu rješenja koja bi se u budućnosti mogla utkati u Nacrt novih izmjena i dopuna Zakona.
National spectral data and learning algorithms for potentially toxic elements modelling in forest soil horizons
Authors: Gholizadeh Asa , Saberioon Mohammadmehdi , Dor Eyal Ben , Rossel Raphael A. Viscarra , Boruvka Lubos
Published: May 2020

Forest ecosystems are among the main parts of the biosphere; however, they have been endangered from the significant elevation and harmful effects of air and soil pollutants, including potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The concentration of PTEs in forest soils varies not only laterally but also vertically with depth. Forest surface organic horizons are of particular interest in forest ecosystem monitoring due to their role as stable adsorbents of the deposited atmospheric substances. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to conduct rapid examinations of forest soils PTEs (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Al), testing the capability of VIS--NIR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning (ML) techniques (partial least square regression (PLSR), support vector machine regression (SVMR), and random forest (RF)) and fully connected neural network (FNN), a deep learning (DL) approach, in forest organic horizons. One-thousand-and-eighty forested sites across the Czech Republic at two soil layers, defining the fragmented (F) and humus (H) organic horizons, were investigated (total 2160 samples). PTEs as well as total Fe and SOC, as auxiliary data, were conventionally and spectrally determined and modelled in the combined organic horizons (F + H) and in each individual horizon using the ML and DL algorithms. Results indicated that the concentration of all PTEs was higher in the horizon H compared to the F horizon. Although the spectral reflectance of samples tended to decrease with increased PTEs concentration. Strongly significant positive correlations between all PTEs and total Fe in all horizons were obtained, which were higher in the H and F + H horizons than the F horizon. The highest correlations of PTEs with the spectra were at 460--590~nm, which is mostly linked to the presence of Fe-oxide. These results show the importance of Fe for spectral prediction of PTEs. Cr and Al were the most accurately predicted elements, regardless of the applied learning technique. SVMR provided the best results in assessing the H horizon (e.g., R\(^2\) = 0.88 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 3.01~mg/kg, and R\(^2\) = 0.82 and RMSE = 1682.25~mg/kg for Cr and Al, respectively); however, FNN predicted the combined F + H horizons the best (R\(^2\) = 0.89 and RMSE = 2.95~mg/kg, and R\(^2\) = 0.86 and RMSE = 1593.64~mg/kg for Cr and Al, respectively) due to the larger number of samples. In the F horizon, almost no parameters were predicted adequately. This study shows that given the availability of larger sample sizes, FNN can be a more promising technique compared to ML methods for assessment of Cr and Al concentration based on national spectral data in the forests of the Czech Republic.
Revisiting pharmacological potentials of Nigella sativa seed: a promising option for COVID-19 prevention and cure
Authors: Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Hossain Khandkar Shaharina , Sarker Partha Protim , Ferdous Jannatul , Hannan Abdul , Rahman Masudur , Chu Dinh-Toi , Uddin Md Jamal
Published: May 2020

Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed and its active compounds have been historically recognized as an effective herbal panacea that can establish a balanced inflammatory response by suppressing chronic inflammation and promoting healthy immune response. The essential oil and other preparations of N. sativa seed have substantial therapeutic outcomes against immune disturbance, autophagy dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, bacterial and viral infections. Compelling evidence in the therapeutic efficiency of N. sativa along with the recent computational findings are strongly suggestive of combating recently emerged COVID-19 pandemic. Also, being an available candidate in nutraceuticals, N. sativa could be immensely potential and feasible to prevent and cure COVID-19. However, further studies including clinical trials are essential to investigate the efficiency and detailed mechanism of N. sativa under specific pathophysiological conditions of COVID-19. The current review was aimed at revisiting the pharmacological benefits of N. sativa seed and its active metabolites that may constitute a potential basis for developing a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy against COVID-19.
Cepharanthine: A review of the antiviral potential of a Japanese-approved alopecia drug in COVID-19
Authors: Rogosnitzky Moshe , Okediji Paul Toluwatope , Koman Igor
Published: May 2020

Cepharanthine (CEP) is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from Stephania cepharantha Hayata and demonstrated to have unique anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulating, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. Its therapeutic potential as an antiviral agent has never been more important in combating COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and resulting so far in over four million cases since its onset. Cepharanthine suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO) production, cytokine production, and expression of cyclooxygenase; all of which are crucial to viral replication and inflammatory response. Against SARS-CoV-2 and homologous viruses, CEP predominantly inhibits viral entry and replication at low doses; and was recently identified as the most potent coronavirus inhibitor among 2,406 clinically approved drug repurposing candidates in a preclinical model. This review critically analyzes and consolidates available evidence establishing CEP’s potential therapeutic importance as a drug of choice in managing COVID-19 cases.
Administrasi hubungan sekolah dan masyarakat
Authors: Natasya Nadia
Published: May 2020

the relationship between the school and the community is a process of communication between the school and the community to increase community understanding of educational needs and activities and encourage interest and coperation for the community in the improvement and development schools. The concept of school relation with the community is very broad and complex and diverse.
Americans' perceptions of privacy and surveillance in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhang Baobao , Kreps Sarah E. , McMurry Nina , MCain R. Miles
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo study the U.S. public’s attitudes toward surveillance measures aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19, particularly smartphone applications (apps) that supplement traditional contact tracing.MethodWe deployed a survey of approximately 2,000 American adults to measure support for nine COVID-19 surveillance measures. We assessed attitudes toward contact tracing apps by manipulating six different attributes of a hypothetical app through a conjoint analysis experiment.ResultsA smaller percentage of respondents support the government encouraging everyone to download and use contact tracing apps (42%) compared with other surveillance measures such as enforcing temperature checks (62%), expanding traditional contact tracing (57%), carrying out centralized quarantine (49%), deploying electronic device monitoring (44%), or implementing immunity passes (44%). Despite partisan differences on a range of surveillance measures, support for the government encouraging digital contact tracing is indistinguishable between Democrats (47%) and Republicans (46%), although more Republicans oppose the policy (39%) compared to Democrats (27%). Of the app features we tested in our conjoint analysis experiment, only one had statistically significant effects on the self-reported likelihood of downloading the app: decentralized data architecture increased the likelihood by 5.4 percentage points.ConclusionSupport for public health surveillance policies to curb the spread of COVID-19 is relatively low in the U.S. Contact tracing apps that use decentralized data storage, compared with those that use centralized data storage, are more accepted by the public. While respondents’ support for expanding traditional contact tracing is greater than their support for the government encouraging the public to download and use contact tracing apps, there are smaller partisan differences in support for the latter policy.
Video razlage kot učinkovit element izobraževanja v COVID 19 situaciji
Authors: Pesek Igor , Lipovec Alenka , Zmazek Blaž
Published: May 2020

V prispevku podamo trenutno stanje znanstvenih ugotovitev o obrnjenem učenju v krizni situaciji in primerjamo dva modela, kitajskega in slovenskega. Marca 2020 je izšel priročnik, ki opisuje kitajsko izkušnjo o tem kako zagotavljati učenje tudi med izbruhom COVID-19. V Sloveniji je konec marca zaživelo gibanje Razlagamo.si, ki ponuja asinhrone (vnaprej posnete) video razlage, ki učečemu omogočajo samostojno razpolaganje s časom in dodatno sinhrono komunikacijo o evidentiranih problemih v skupinskih ali individualnih pogovorih. V prispevku opišemo portal Razlagamo.si in ga primerjamo s kitajskimi smernicami. Na osnovi zaznanih prednosti in slabosti ponudimo model, ki je vzdržen tudi v situaciji, ko je le del populacije učencev in dijakov vključen v izobraževanje na daljavo. Ponudimo tudi kvantitativni pregled video razlag po predmetih in področjih. Prispevek bo v pomoč učiteljem, ki poučujejo po načelih obrnjenega učenja in odločevalcem, ki razmišljajo o modelu izobraževanja v prihodnosti.
Virus database annotations assist in tracing information on patients infected with emerging pathogens
Authors: Nakashima Akiko
Published: May 2020

The global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted human social activities. In restarting economic activities, successive outbreaks by new variants are concerning.Here, we evaluated the applicability of public database annotations to estimate the virulence, transmission trends and origins of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Among the detectable multiple mutations, we retraced the mutation in the spike protein. With the aid of the protein database, structural modelling yielded a testable scientific hypothesis on viral entry to host cells. Simultaneously, annotations for locations and collection dates suggested that the variant virus emerged somewhere in the world in approximately February 2020, entered the USA and propagated nationwide with periodic sampling fluctuation likely due to an approximately 5-day incubation delay. Thus, public database annotations are useful for automated elucidation of the early spreading patterns in relation to human behaviours, which should provide objective reference for local governments for social decision making to contain emerging substrains. We propose that additional annotations for past paths and symptoms of the patients should further assist in characterizing the exact virulence and origins of emerging pathogens.
PERANGKAT LUNAK PADA KOMPUTER
Authors: Fahrezi Hakim Fahrezi
Published: May 2020

Pengertian perangkat lunak (Software) komputer adaah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer, itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang sangat menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat lunak disebut juga sebagai penerjemah perintah-perintah yang dijalankan pengguna komputer untuk diteruskan atau diproses oleh perangkat keras.Perangkat lunak secara umum diklasifikasikan menjaadi 2, yaitu perangkat lunak sistem operasi dan perangkat lunak aplikasi. Pada software operasi berfungsi untuk mengendalikan kerja komputer dan mendukung sistem kerja software aplikasi berfungsi mencapai tugas-tugas tertentu sesuai dengan aplikasi yang digunakan
Tanggung Jawab Auditor Internal : Review Pengendalian Internal Perusahaan
Authors: Nurmala Nadya , Mutiara Intan , Agustina Rifa , Ikramina Ika
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penulisan makalah ini yaitu untuk memaparkan pengendalian internal yang berfungsi sebagai lini depan untuk menjaga aktiva dan mendeteksi terjadinya kesalahan, kecurangan, penyimpangan dan ketidak patuhan terhadap ketentuan peraturan perundangan-undangan. Selain itu juga memaparkan tentang review pengendalian internal. Review terhadap pengendalian internal yaitu bertujuan untuk menentukan kecukupan perancangan dan efektivitas pelaksanaan pengendalian internal, serta menyediakan informasi berkenaan dengan kelemahan atau kekurangan pengendalian sebagai bahan tindak lanjut perbaikan oleh manajemen.Adapun yang menjadi latar belakang penulisan makalah ini adalah karena perusahaan sangat membutuhkan adanya pengendalian internal dan review pengendalian internal di dalam perusahaannya, yang di harapkan mampu mendorong efektivitas dan efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya, mencegah timbulnya kerugian karena pemborosan, limbah, dan penyalahgunaan aset. Disamping itu, tujuan yang berkenaan dengan operasi juga meliputi pencegahan risiko yang muncul karena keputusan bisnis yang buruk, misalnya menjual produk dengan harga yang terlalu rendah atau tinggi, memberikan kredit yang berisiko macet, munculnya kewajiban tidak terduga, dan kegagalan dalam mempertahankan pegawai kunci. Dengan adanya pengendalian internal dan review terhadap pengendalian internal, perusahaan dapat menyesuaikan kebutuhannya agar lebih efektif dan efisien.
PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER
Authors: pramudita natri
Published: May 2020

Perangkat lunak komputer merupakan sebuah program komputer yang menjembatani pengguna komputer dan perangkat keras yang digunakanya. Dengan kata lain perangkat lunak merupakan penerjemah antara manusia sebagai orang yang memberi instruksi dan komputer sebagai pihak yang menerima instruksi. Perangkat lunak adalah program komputer yang berfungsi sebagai sarana interaksi atau yang menjembatani pengguna dengan perankat keras dan juga sebagai penerjemah. Software komputer adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Melalui sofware atau perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah.(Software is a computer program that bridges computer users and the hardware they use. In other words software is a translator between humans as the person who gives instructions and the computer as the party who receives instructions. Software is a computer program that functions as a means of interaction or that bridges users with a hard role and also as a translator. Computer software is a collection of electronic data that is stored and regulated by a computer, electronic data stored by a computer can be a program or instruction that will execute a command. Through this software or software a computer can run command).
Cultural, Emotional, and Associative Traits to Determine Literary Inclination
Authors: Kulkarni Hrishikesh , Alicea Bradly
Published: May 2020

Various cultural and emotional preferences delineate human creativity. One such set of preferences, literary inclination, impacts not only the books people choose to read but also on the way they perceive the narrative and human relationships contained within. Understanding the overall development of a plot and the evolution of relationships among different characters has significant implications for holding the reader’s attention. In this paper, we establish a computational means to derive progressions and associations among characters in a given narrative. We use two books from different cultural traditions (American popular literature and Indian Marathi literature) to validate this technique. For purposes of measuring relationships progression between different characters, we propose the Graphical Association Method (GAM). Further analysis of changes in these imaginary social relationships in relation to a reader’s literary inclinations demonstrates that this method holds promise for a more general analysis of narrative structure.
The intelligent lockdown: Compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures in the Netherlands
Authors: Kuiper Malouke Esra , de Bruijn Anne Leonore , Reinders Folmer Christopher , Olthuis Elke , Brownlee Megan , Kooistra Emmeke Barbara , Fine Adam , van Rooij Benjamin
Published: May 2020

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Dutch government has introduced an “intelligent lockdown” with stay at home and social distancing measures. The Dutch approach to mitigate the virus focuses less on repression and more on moral appeals and self-discipline. This study assessed how compliance with the measures have worked out in practice and what factors might affect whether Dutch people comply with the measures. We analyzed data from an online survey, conducted between April 7-14, among 568 participants. The overall results showed reported compliance was high. This suggests that the Dutch approach has to some extent worked as hoped in practice. Repression did not play a significant role in compliance, while intrinsic (moral and social) motivations did produce better compliance. Yet appeals on self-discipline did not work for everyone, and people with lower impulse control were more likely to violate the rules. In addition, compliance was lower for people who lacked the practical capacity to follow the measures and for those who have the opportunity to break the measures. Sustained compliance, therefore, relies on support to aid people to maintain social distancing and restrictions to reduce opportunities for unsafe gatherings. These findings suggest several important practical recommendations for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mental Health and Clinical Psychological Science in the Time of COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Call to Action
Authors: Gruber June , Prinstein Mitchell J , Abramowitz Jonathan S. , Albano Anne Marie , Aldao Amelia , Borelli Jessica , Clark Lee Anna , Davila Joanne , Forbes Erika E. , Gee Dylan G. , Hall Gordon Nagayama , Hallion Lauren S. , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Hofmann Stefan G. , Hollon Steven , Joormann Jutta , Kazdin Alan , Klein Daniel , Levenson Robert , MacDonald Angus , McKay Dean , McLaughlin Katie A , Mendle Jane , Miller Adam Bryant , Neblett Enrique , Nock Matthew , Olatunji Bunmi , Persons Jacqueline , ROTTENBERG JONATHAN , Rozek David C , Schleider Jessica L. , Slavich George M. , Teachman Bethany , Vine Vera , Weinstock Lauren
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 presents significant social, economic, and medical challenges. Because COVID-19 has already begun to precipitate huge increases in mental health problems, clinical psychological science must assert a leadership role in guiding a national response to this secondary crisis. In this paper, COVID-19 is conceptualized as a unique, compounding, multi-dimensional stressor that will create a vast need for intervention and necessitate new paradigms for mental health service delivery and training. Urgent challenge areas across developmental periods are discussed, followed by a review of psychological symptoms that likely will increase in prevalence and require innovative solutions in both science and practice. Implications for new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues are discussed to highlight the opportunities for clinical psychological science to emerge as an updated, contemporary field capable of addressing the burden of mental illness and distress in the wake of COVID-19 and beyond.
Perception of economic inequality in Spain: Between daily-life and political ideology
Authors: Garcia-Sanchez Efrain , García-Castro Juan Diego , Willis Guillermo B. , Rodriguez-Bailon Rosa
Published: May 2020

Perception of economic inequality is defined as the subjective representation of economic resources. However, this representation is not abstract, but it is contingent on the individuals’ context and ideologies. The aim of the study (N = 290) is to analyse how economic inequality is perceived in Spain, and how such perceptions vary according to individuals’ political ideology. We analysed 705 responses (10626 words) by using content analysis and network analysis techniques, in order to figure out the network of topics associated with perceiving economic inequality. We found that economic inequality in Spain is mainly perceived by processes of social comparison and relative deprivation between individuals and groups. We also found that perceptions of economic inequality were clustered in four groups: inequality of opportunities, inequality between social classes, income inequality and work conditions, and inequality between specific social groups. What is more, we found that individuals that position themselves to the left in the ideological political spectrum, mentioned topics about social justice in a greater extent that individuals at the right. We discuss how the perception of economic inequality is a multidimensional phenomenon, placed in the daily-life and people and conditioned by ideologies.
The Role of Compassion and Ethics in Decision-Making Regarding Access to Applied Behavior Analysis Services During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Response to Cox, Plavnick &Brodhead
Authors: LeBlanc Linda , Pearson Junelyn Lazo , Pollard Joy , Unumb Lorri S.
Published: May 2020

Cox, Plavnick, & Brodhead (2020) published a position statement in the emergency section of BAP in response to the COVID-19 crisis. They argued against a blanket interpretation that in-person ABA services for all patients should continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. They strongly argued that the risks of continued services are almost always prohibitive and that only in rare cases would continuation of in-person services be warranted. Columbo, Wallace & Taylor (2020) soon thereafter published a response to the article pointing out the potential dangers associated with the position and paper of Cox et al. They included a detailed decision model to assist providers in making nuanced and informed data-based decisions that provide the opportunity to honor the ethical responsibility for not abandoning patients. We echo the importance of the Columbo et al. response and add points of response centered on balanced ethical decision-making informed by compassionate family-centered care.
COVID-19 Social Distancing
Authors: Leary Angelina , Dvorak Robert , De Leon Ardhys , Peterson Roselyn , Troop-Gordon Wendy
Published: May 2020

The current study had two aims. First, we tested three norm-based interventions to increase social distancing practices. Second, we examined five potential concerns related to COVID-19 infection as prospective predictors of social distancing practices over the next two weeks.
Impostor Syndrome
Authors: Hozez Yaniv
Published: May 2020

Impostor syndrome is actually contradicting himself. If you doubt your accomplishments, why would you bother trying to attain them? Impostor syndrome might be derived from OCD; you are obsessed with proving yourself, whilst really improving yourself.
Not all Explanations are Equal: Only Explanations Invoking a Change from the true self Mitigate Responsibility
Authors: Protzko John , Buttrick Nick , Ebersole Charles R. , Lundmark Sebastian , Schooler Jonathan
Published: May 2020

When do people believe that biological explanations, such as genes, brain damage, or abnormal hormones, mitigate punishment for crimes? We propose the way in which biology is viewed as impacting the true self of the actor—who the actor really is, deep down—is the key element for predicting biologically-based mitigation. Across four preregistered studies, 4,066 American adults learned of different biological explanations for crimes and judged punishment, fault, and blame. We show, while some biological explanations mitigate punishment and responsibility, general ascriptions to genes do not. Participants viewed external events like traumatic brain injury as a disconnect between the true self and the peripheral self, whereas they did not for genetic ascriptions. People interprete general genes-based explanations for crimes as indicating that the perpetrators true self was violent or dangerous, while other biological explanations did not impugn the actor’s true self. Only when genetic bases are described as mutations do genes become mitigating factors. In these latter cases, the actor is not judged as harshly because the violent crime could be attributed to aspects peripheral to the true self. Therefore, biological explanations differ in the extent to which they implicate the true self. These results help to clear up when biological explanations do and do not appear to mitigate responsibility for crimes: When the aspect of biology in question is viewed as part of the true self, it will not mitigate blame; but when the biological aspect is viewed as more peripheral, the blame seems to be mitigating.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoritarismo de Derechas en población colombiana
Authors: Garcia-Sanchez Efrain , Valencia Nelson Molina , Buitrago Estefanía , Sanz Zabdi , Ramírez Valentina , Tello Andres
Published: May 2020

El autoritarismo es un constructo ampliamente estudiado en psicología para investigar comportamientos políticos. Para su medición se suele usar la escala de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA), la cual tiene variaciones en sus propiedades psicométricas según cada contexto. En este artículo traducimos y adaptamos una versión reducida del autoritarismo de derechas al contexto colombiano. En dos estudios (NEstudio1=417;NEstudio2=396), identificamos tres dimensiones: agresión-autoritaria, sumisión-autoritaria y convencionalismo; y encontramos que la RWA estuvo asociada positivamente con: dominancia social, deshumanización del adversario, apoyo al conflicto, patriotismo, sexismo, homofobia y la prohibición de políticas sociales consideradas como liberales (e.g., aborto, matrimonio igualitario, eutanasia). Se aporta evidencia empírica a favor de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de RWA en el contexto colombiano. Authoritarianism is widely used construct to study political behaviors.For its measurement, researchers usually use the right authoritarianism scale (RWA), which has variations in its psychometric properties according to each context. In this article we translate and adapt a reduced version of RWA to the Colombian context. In two studies (NStudy1=417; NStudy2=396), we identified three dimensions: authoritarian-aggression, authoritarian-submission,and conventionalism. We also found that RWA was positively associated with: social dominance, dehumanization of the adversary, support for conflict, patriotism, sexism, homophobia and the prohibition of social policies considered liberal (e.g., abortion, equal marriage, euthanasia). Empirical evidence is provided in favor of the psychometric properties of the RWA scale in the Colombian context
The Power of Feedback and Reflection: Testing an Online Scenario-based Learning Intervention for Student Teachers
Authors: Bardach Lisa , Klassen Robert , Durksen Tracy Lyn , Rushby Jade V. , Bostwick Keiko , Sheridan Lynn
Published: May 2020

Advances in research on educational technologies and increasing access to computers offer teacher education providers numerous tools and opportunities for supporting student teachers. However, systematic investigations of online interventions using complex classroom scenarios (scenario-based learning activities) are currently lacking. This study therefore aimed to test whether an online scenario-based learning activity has a positive impact on student teachers’ self-efficacy and emotional, motivational, and cognitive classroom readiness before they start their first teaching practicum. In order to draw differentiated conclusions, we explored whether the effectiveness of the intervention depends on the inclusion of automatized expert teacher feedback and the opportunity to reflect on the scenarios. A total of 238 Australian student teachers (64.3% females, mean age = 23.84 years, SD = 6.64) participated in the study. The student teachers were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: waiting-control group (online scenario-based learning activity), intervention group 1 (online scenario-based learning activity and feedback) and intervention group 2 (online scenario-based learning, feedback, and reflection). The findings indicated that, as compared to the control group, both intervention types had a significant positive effect on cognitive classroom readiness. A significant positive effect on self-efficacy was found for intervention group 2. Overall, our research demonstrates the potential of an easy-to-implement online intervention in enhancing self-efficacy and classroom readiness and points towards the importance of combining feedback and reflection within online scenario-based learning activities.
COVID-19 and Social Distancing Measures in Queensland Australia Are Associated with Short-Term Decreases in Recorded Violent Crime
Authors: Payne Jason Leslie , Morgan Anthony , Piquero Alex R.
Published: May 2020

Since first diagnosed in late 2019, there have been more than 4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than a quarter of a million deaths worldwide. Not since the Spanish Flu in 1918 has the world experienced such a widespread pandemic and this has motivated many countries across globe to take a series of unprecedented actions in an effort to curb the spread and impact of the virus through the adoption of unprecedented domestic and international travel restrictions as well as stay-at-home and social distancing regulations. Whether these policies have altered criminal activity is an important question. In this study, we examine officially recorded violent crime rates for the month of March and April, 2020, as reported for the state of Queensland, Australia. We use ARIMA modeling techniques to compute six-month-ahead forecasts of common assault, serious assault, sexual offense and domestic violence order breach rates and then compare these forecasts (and their 95\% confidence intervals) with the observed data for March and April 2020. We conclude that by the end of April, rates of common, serious and sexual assault had declined to their lowest level in a number of years, and for serious assault and sexual assault the decline was beyond statistical expectations. The rate at which domestic violence orders were breached in Queensland has remained unchanged throughout the first two months of the pandemic.
Self-selecting the number of repetitions in potentiation protocols enhances jumping performance
Authors: Dello Iacono Antonio , Beato Marco , Halperin Israel
Published: May 2020

Purpose. To investigate if providing athletes with a choice regarding the number of repetitions to complete in a potentiation protocol would enhance jumping performance compared to protocols in which the number of repetitions is predetermined. Methods. Fifteen male basketball players completed four testing sessions separated by 72 hours. On the first session, individual optimum power loads (OPL) in the barbell jump squat were determined. On the following three sessions, athletes completed three sets of three potentiation protocols using OPL jump squats in a partly-randomized order: i) traditional condition included six repetitions per set; ii) self-selected condition included a choice regarding the number of repetition to complete per set; iii) imposed condition included the same number of repetitions per set as the self-selected condition but imposed on the athletes beforehand. Jumping performance was determined as jump squat (JS) test height and measured using a force platform before, 30s, 4 min, and 8 min after completing the protocols. Results. The self-selected condition led to superior jumping performance compared to the two other conditions across all post measures (p<0.05; range: 0.3-1.3 cm). Compared to the traditional condition, the imposed condition led to superior jumping performance across all post measures (range: 0.2-0.45 cm) although not statistically significant at post 4 min and 8 min. Conclusions. Choice provision concerning how many repetitions to complete in a potentiation protocol is a useful performance enhancing strategy. Improved potentiation-fatigue ratio and motivational factors are sought to explain these effects.
Trends in Parental Time Allocated to Child Care: Evidence from Canada, 1986–2010
Authors: Wei Lan
Published: May 2020

This study finds a continuous and dramatic increase in parental time spent in child care in Canada from 1986 to 2010. Decomposition of the increase shows that it occurs within demographic groups and does not reflect demographic changes. In addition, an increased dispersion in child care time is observed that reflects changes in time allocation within demographic groups rather than demographic changes. This study also examines the positive relationship between education and child care time. Although substantial gaps in child care time are found between education groups, the magnitude of the gaps has not increased over time.
Short-Term Effects of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement on Municipal Procurement in Canada
Authors: Lysenko Dmitry , Schwartz Elizabeth , Schwartz Saul
Published: May 2020

The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union, which entered into force in 2017, is the first international trade agreement that grants access to government procurement markets in Canadian municipalities. In the short term, will the agreement lead to major changes in the policies and procedures of Canadian local government procurement authorities or to changes in the proportion of foreign-controlled companies that win contracts? The magnitude of the impact depends on how the current practices of municipalities differ from those that are required under CETA. We focus on large Canadian municipalities and build our arguments on the basis of key informant interviews, analysis of legal and policy documents, and the econometric analysis of contract-level municipal data. Our conclusion is that CETA will not greatly affect process or outcomes, at least not in the short term.
Improvements in Electronic Job Alerts and the Labour Market Experience of Unemployed Workers: Evidence from the Connecting Canadians with Available Jobs Initiative
Authors: Brenčič Vera , Dubois Julie , Morin Lucie
Published: May 2020

In 2013, the Canadian government introduced improvements to its electronic Job Alerts notification service that emails job seekers about job openings posted on an online job board. The improvements included additional advertisements of the service and increases in the frequency and scope of notifications sent to subscribers. Using data on workers who lost their jobs either before or after the intervention, we find that subscription to Job Alerts increased after the intervention. This finding is significant because we also find that, compared with non-subscribers, subscribers to Job Alerts spent more hours searching per week and were more likely to secure a permanent job after holding a contract job. We find little evidence of any improvements in the effects of subscription on job search outcomes after the enhancements. Our evidence suggests that the limited effects of this intervention might be due to subscribers’ failure to make use of the various enhancements.
The Role of Central Banks
Authors: Williamson Stephen D.
Published: May 2020

The origins of central banking, in general, are examined, along with the specific origins of the Bank of Canada. A general policy framework is set out, in terms of goals, policy rules, and implementation, and the Bank of Canada’s inflation targeting framework is evaluated. Alternatives to inflation targeting are considered, including price-level targeting, inflation averaging, nominal gross domestic product targeting, and a dual mandate. Monetary policy issues associated with persistent low real interest rates are discussed. The conclusion is that inflation targeting has been a success in Canada, and there are no obviously superior alternative approaches.