bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Danube legions of the Late Roman Empire (I Italica and V Macedonica) during the second half and middle of the fourth c. a. d.: on the ways of interaction between the frontier and expeditionary armies
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mekhamadiev Е.А.
Published: June 2021

Since 325 A. D., when the Emperor Constantine the Great established a self-sufficient and single expeditionary army of the Roman Empire (previously, before 353, it constantly had stood in Thrace, but then it was split in some smaller military groups), military units of this army have interacted to units of frontier armies during many military campaigns. But epigraphic data from the Lower Danube regions (the provinces of Lower Moesia and Dacia Ripensis (River)) give a chance to trace one another way of interaction, which was an absolutely disregarded before. The author means a food supply of frontier units from the provinces where the expeditionary troops (or imperial bodyguards) had their service. The inscriptions covered by this paper contain evidence about two important Danube frontier legions, that are I Italica (Lower Moesia) and V Macedonica (Dacia Ripensis (River)), which received a food from the Roman Near East provinces (the author means Hellespontus at the North-West of the Asia Minor and Syria Foenice and Syria Palestina just at the Persian frontier), but not from the Danube regions. As the author supposes, the reason of such a way of supply was that some military units (vexillations) detached from the staff of the Danube frontier legions served within the Near East Roman provinces, these vexillations moved at the Near East during the time of the Tetrarchy (293–324) or the sole reign of Constantine the Great (324–337). After their relocation to the Near East, vexillations of the Danube frontier legions have never returned in their home Danube provinces, in contrast, they were parts of the Near East expeditionary armies. But, as a matter of award for diminishing of their staff, the Danube frontier («maternal») legions received a food from the provinces, where their «child» vexillations located and served.
Russian-Chinese cooperation: economical, institutional, investment and trade aspects
Authors:   B.B. Gorodovikov’ Kalmyk state university, Koltsov P.M. , Murgaev S.M. ,   B.B. Gorodovikov’ Kalmyk state university, Umgaev S.A. ,   B.B. Gorodovikov’ Kalmyk state university
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to trade, investment and institutional aspects of Russion-Chinese economic cooperation. The perspective of this cooperation, problems of growth and structural changes of China’s economy are also analyzed. This research based on analyzes of key indicators: GDP growth and structure, import and export volume and structure, foreign trade’s amount and structure, indicators of investment activity. Institutional aspects of bilateral relationships are analyzed. This work also contains evaluation of Russian-Chinese relationship’s perspectives and analyzes of growth problems and structure changes in Chinese economy, which is connected to service sector development and quality of life’s growth. Development of Chinese market creates opportunities for the growth of Russian export, but on the condition that our country could form the supply of quality and interesting products. The authors come to a conclusion that significant growth of Russia and People’s Republic of China economic interactions is a fundamental base for political partnership and strategical interactions.
Socio-economic adaptation of workers of the mining Urals in the late XIXth – early XXth centuries
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Korobkov I.D.
Published: June 2021

The instability of the social and economic development of post-Soviet Russia and the serious social costs of the reform course of its leadership have put forward among the priorities of Russian sociology the study of adaptation of various social groups to these reforms. Taking into account the duration of the formation of adaptation practices and their consolidation in the mass consciousness at the level of behavioral codes, this problem requires consideration on the historical material of Soviet and pre-Soviet Russia. This circumstance, as well as the lack of study of these subjects on the example of workers of the mining Urals at the turn of XIXth – XXth centuries due to the choice of research topics. All strategies of adaptation of the Ural workers considered in the article were divided into active and passive models of adaptation. The first includes various attempts to improve the production activities of their enterprises, including the introduction of working control over them, Handicrafts and secondary employment in agricultural work. The main manifestations of the passive version of social and economic adaptation were the appeal of the Ural workers to the past, the desire to preserve the various elements of the binding relationship and paternalistic attitudes of mass consciousness. In real life, the most widespread were mixed forms of adaptation behavior of workers in the Urals. Among the main adaptive factors, the influence of the features of the mining system, the psychology of local workers and the socio-cultural mechanism of «archaization of consciousness» are singled out. The latter two, in turn, made it difficult to modernize the mining industry of the region. Due to the lack of the necessary database to assess the level of efficiency of the adaptation process of the Ural workers to solve this problem, we use the criterion of its confrontational, equilibrium or harmonious nature. Taking into account the insufficiency of unambiguously active forms of adaptation and the mass character of Patriarchal and paternalistic practices, the conflict nature of land relations, the high level of the strike movement, including factory terror, we can talk about the predominance of the first option and therefore consider the socio-economic adaptation of the workers of the mining Urals to be of little success.
Training personnel for the Tula weapon factory in the 20s of the XX-th century: historiography of the problem in the regional aspect
Authors:   Tula State Arms Museum, Krapiventseva M.B.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to a problem interconnected with local history historiography, which studies personnel training for the Tula Arms Plant at one of the most important stages of its history. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the 1920s were a time of active formation of a training system for the Tula Arms Plant. The enterprise’s need for qualified personnel has largely stimulated the emergence of technical educational institutions. Some of them went beyond the factory with time and became important for the city. The author analyzed a large array of historiographical sources related to the stated field of study: the history of the Tula Arms Plant, vocational education in Tula, summarizes the research results for the period from the end of 1920s until now. The article notes a significant contribution to the study of the stated issue made by international scientific conferences, which regularly highlight the topics of the design building and the organizers of the production of Tula Arms Plant. The publication reveals the degree of knowledge of the problem of training for personnel, and identifies existing gaps. As a result, the author showed that the comprehensive coverage of this issue in the scientific literature is currently missing.
Algorithm of archaization in contemporary world politics (desynchronization)
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Muzalevskiy V.A.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the phenomenon of archaization in world politics and identifies its algorithm in contemporary circumstances. It studies two main modes of archaization – dissociative (archaization as fragmentation and/or decay) and temporal (archaization as synchronization with past political practices and conditions). The paper makes a conclusion that it is impossible to use each of these logics separately due to limitations in their heuristic value. During the synthesis of dissociative and temporal modes, it emphasizes the complexity of the design of the archaization as a two-stage process – the temporal order desynchronization with subsequent disintegration trends and its synchronization with the patterns and practices of the past, broadcast through the institutional memory of polities. The work builds a model of desynchronization in world politics, which is tested on the case of the concept of Hungarian mafia state. This model can become a relevant explanatory framework for both state and societal actors of contemporary world politics.
Efficacy of Novel Formulations of Ivermectin and Albendazole in Parasitic Infections of Sheep in the Altai Mountains of Russia
Authors: Marchenko Victor Alexeevich , Khalikov Salavat Samadovich , Efremova Elena Alexandrovna , Ilyin (Ju) Mikhail Mikhaylovich
Published: June 2021

Background: Parasitic infections are widespread in sheep farms of the Russian Federation, including Siberia. The infection of sheep with helminths and parasitic arthropods with a range of 70% to 100% in different regions, contributes to a decrease in the productivity and quality of products, and even death of animals. This study aimed to formulate drugs with pronounced parasiticidal effects based on ivermectin and albendazole, widely used to treat animal entomoses and helminth infections.
Methods: New formulations in the form of solid dispersed compositions were prepared by mechanochemical modification of ivermectin and albendazole using arabinogalactan polysaccharide. The efficacy of preparations on gastrointestinal strongylosis and monieziosis, and melophagosis of sheep was determined by parasitological examination and analysis of feces and urine.
Results: The new formulations demonstrated increased solubility and parasiticidal activity due to the formation of inclusion complexes when interact with water. The maximum efficacy values (> 95% efficiency) against intestinal Strongylida and Moniezia expansa, and ectoparasitic Melophagus ovinus were seen in doses lower than the recommended doses of the starting drugs.
Conclusion: The increased parasiticidal activity of innovative compositions can be explained by increased water solubility and bioavailability of the preparations, due to formation of inclusion complexes. The results of this study suggests the possibility of a significant reduction in the dosages of composed substances without losing their parasiticidal activity.
Is COVID-19 Posed Great Challenges for Malaria Control and Elimination?
Authors: Azizi Hosein , Esmaeili Elham Davtalab
Published: June 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Determining the Frequency of Cystic Echinococcosis among Suspected Cases Referred to Health Centers Southwest Iran, and Post-Treatment Serologic Follow-Up
Authors: Rafiei Abdullah , Biranvand Elahe , Nazari Iraj , Bahraini Amin
Published: June 2021

Background: This study was designed to determine the frequency of hydatidosis in Khuzestan Province, Iran and to evaluate the antibody changes in infected individuals after treatment
Methods: Overall, 454 sera were collected from health centers of Khuzestan Province, southern Iran (from 2013 to 2018). Demographic data such as age, gender and history of disease were recorded. Serum samples were investigated for antibody against CE by ELISA using antigen B. Thirty six of cases were followed up after treatment.
Results: Among the 454 evaluated cases, antibody against CE was detected in 184 (40.52%) including 115 (62.5%) females and 69 (37.5%) males. Age distribution was from 8-97 yr, the highest prevalence of hydatid cyst was observed in age group 40-49 years. Liver was the most infected organ (76.63%). Relapse of CE occurred in 23 of patients. In the majority of patients the antibody decreased, whereas in some cases increased CE antibody observed during post-treatment follow up.
Conclusion: Current study indicated the high prevalence of hydatidosis and rate of relapse after treatment among suspected patients. Therefore, long periods and regular follow-up of patients after treatment is necessary and for these monitoring, antibody assay can be an appropriate method.
Frequency of Toxocara Antibodies in Patients Clinically Suspected to Ocular Toxocariasis, Northeast of Iran
Authors: Fata Abdolmajid , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Woo Se Joon , Woo Se Joon , Zibaei Mohammad , Berenji Fariba , Hosseini Farash Bibi Razieh , Moghaddas Elham
Published: June 2021

Background: Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic disease in most countries including Iran. Among different clinical forms of toxocariasis, ocular toxocariasis (OT) is an important disease resulting in severe vision loss. However, the prevalence and incidence of OT are currently unclear in Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ocular toxocariasis among patients with uveitis in the Northeast of Iran.
Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 510 patients with uveitis referred to Khatam-al-Anbia, a tertiary eye hospital at Mashhad, Iran were examined for OT. Serum samples of the suspected patients were obtained and evaluated for IgG against Toxocara canis using ELISA test. Anti-Toxocara IgG positive serums were further investigated using confirmatory Western blotting (WB) analysis.
Results: Twenty patients had pathologic changes and clinical presentations in the anterior and posterior segments of their eyes and they were clinically diagnosed ocular toxocariasis. Among the 20 patients, 2 (10%) patients showed IgG antibody against Toxocara canis on ELISA as well as on WB test. The calculated prevalence of ocular toxocariasis was about 0.4%.
Conclusion: Ocular toxocariasis can be diagnosed both clinically and serologically in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. Although OT is a rare pathologic eye disease, it should be considered as one of the important cause of infectious posterior uveitis.
Academic Mobility: Problems and Consequences
Authors:   Yuri Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Oliinyk Mariia , Poznanska Olha ,   Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chrost Sławomir ,   UJK Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Kielce, Poland
Published: June 2021

The author analyzes the concept of academic, personal, professional mobility in the given article. The peculiarities of the educational programs of Ukrainian higher education institutions and the programs of European educational institutions are characterized. The problems of academic mobility in Ukraine are outlined and the ways of their elimination are determined.
Attitude towards Teaching Career in Ten Years
Authors:   Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania, Bujor Liliana
Published: June 2021

This study aims to capture the dynamic regarding the attitude of the first year students towards the teaching career. To identify the level of attitudes towards the teaching profession, we used a research method based on a questionnaire investigation, as method of analysis, and two different cohorts of students: cohort 1 was represented by students enrolled in 2010-2011 academic year and cohort 2 by the students enrolled in 2019-2020. The cohort, the environment and the gender gave us interesting results about the attitude towards teaching (total score, attitude towards others, work and self-attitude). The results showed that there are significant differences between cohorts in terms of attitude towards teaching career. So, we can say that there is a dynamic towards careers that must be integrated in educational policies and in the career orientation plans.
Conceptualization of Christian Religious Attitudes in Socio-Psychological and World-View Contexts
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Palahnyuk Olha
Published: June 2021

In the conditions of systemic social, and at the same time personal crisis, accompanied by values relativization, the issue of searching the ways out of this state is actualized in the scientific discourse. Overcoming the crisis depends largely on a person who is able consciously to take responsibility for the actions in the living space, which is created primarily by the personal interactions. Therefore, the social responsibility problem, its formation factors, impact on personal and psychosocial maturity has become significantly relevant in the context of social psychology and at the interdisciplinary level. At the same time, the current socio-political situation in the country, accompanied by military conflict, complex processes of civil society development require an active social, civic, politically responsible position of citizens, especially young people that is socio-demographic group, which acts as a «barometer» of socio-economic and the political state of society and, despite the particular opportunities expansion for self-determination and individual development, it is experiencing spiritual devastation, selfishness, infantilism. The latter leads to the deformation of the youth normative and valuable sphere and require the specialists’ close attention. Thus, the aim of our study is a comprehensive theoretical and methodological analysis and conceptualization of Christian religious beliefs in socio-psychological and philosophical contexts as a factor in developing the social responsibility of the individual. The problem of social responsibility is closely related to the development in moral and ideological spheres of personality, an important component of which is the attitude as willingness to social activity and responsibility as a result of these actions. The social attitudes analysis identifies those related to religious spirituality and Christian morality i.e. Christian religious attitudes that express personal position, conscious state of being, active human attitude to the world in general and in particular to their self-realization. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it is determined that Christian religious attitudes in socio-psychological and worldview contexts are ideological attitudes that are the need and willingness to treat and act to people, events, phenomena, life, God considering the Christian morality based on faith and love to God and neighbour. In addition, they can / should be perceived as internal restraints: not freedom, but pseudo-freedom (permissiveness) and act as a natural law of conscience, the desire for the highest, the moral intuition of man.
Reflexive Competence in the Structure of Future Music Teachers’ Training: the Modern Vector of Research
Authors:   Loch Orchestra, Ecuador, Cueva Davila Luis Socrates , Shetelia Natalia
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analytical and reflexive analysis of the problem of music teachers’ training in the context of educational changes. The peculiarities and specifics of Musical Arts specialists’ training are outlined; priorities in the creation of an educational environment in modern higher education institutions are defined as compared to the near and far-abroad countries. Factors contributing to music teachers’ training increased efficiency and popularity are substantiated. It is established that such a resource is the formation of reflexive competence. The means of forming reflexive competence in future music teachers are visualization, testing (paper- and computer-based), electronic textbooks, videos, multimedia, and stages within which reflexive competence is formed, where the priority is given to a reflective workshop.
The Knowledge about the Sexual Development of a Child in Education of the Teachers of the Preschool Breeding and also in the Early School Education. Pedagogical Reflection
Authors:   State Higher Vocational School Memorial of Prof. Stanislav Tarnowski in Tarnobrzeg, Poland, Zięba-Kołodziej Beata , Marzec Marzena ,   State Higher Vocational School Memorial of Prof. Stanislav Tarnowski in Tarnobrzeg, Poland
Published: June 2021

In the face of the threats associated with the sphere of human sexuality, especially of a child, it is needed to prepare the future and current teachers to help effectively to the child to develop herself/himself in all spheres of her/ his personality. What is more, it is also very important to resist effectively the abuses and to protect the limits of her/his intimacy. The sexual abuses against the child and the sexualisation are the phenomena present nowadays in almost every latitude. The reason for their broadening favors the lack of sexual development and the lack of people prepared its processing, including the teachers. As the prominent people who have the influence over the development of the child and young generations, the teacher can become the significant group against the negative phenomena of social life and to conduce to such young people development, to make them understand their sexuality and also the differences in its experiencing. They can also form the attitude and the views free from prejudices and the reluctance, fight with the stereotypes associated with the sex and with the minority sexual groups. In order to take such actions in this area, it is needed to obtain the knowledge of the specific kind- what to teach? and how to teach? What do I need to know about myself?
V.O. Sukhomlynsky’s Ideas About Reading as a Means for Development of a Child’s Spiritual Needs Culture
Authors:   State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine V. Sukhomlynsky, Kyiv, Ukraine, Berezivska Larysa , Kalinowska-Witek Barbara ,   UMCS Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Lublin, Poland
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the ideas of a prominent Ukrainian teacher, scientist, children’s writer, director of Pavlysh secondary school Vasyl Oleksandrovych Sukhomlynsky regarding reading as a means of forming a culture of a child’s spiritual needs (to read, to study, to work, to defend the Motherland, etc.). The system of interconnected components of the process of forming the culture of pupils’ spiritual needs (quality teaching of literature, extracurricular reading, literary and creative circles, etc.) developed by the teacher has been characterized. These ideas of a humanist teacher are promising for further study and creative use in school practice.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under No-tillage and Tillage Practices in a Semiarid Region
Authors: Sebbane Mahieddine , Labidi Sonia , Hafsi Miloud
Published: June 2021

Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root symbionts that improve host plant growth and resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses allowing a sustain plant production particularly under harsh conditions. Methods: The objective of this study is to compare the effect of conventional tillage and no-tillage practices on AMF symbiosis with durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) through the evaluation of root colonization and AMF spore density in the soil of three different sites in a semi-arid region in Algeria. Two sites were conducted under rain-fed conditions and one was irrigated. Result: Mycorrhizal root colonization varied according to the site and the tillage practice, while spore density differed between sites. Spore density was higher in sites under rain-fed conditions suggesting that water deficit stimulate sporulation, while root colonization seems to be limited by drought. No-tillage improved root colonization rates by 54.3% compared to conventional tillage system and this improvement, particularly the arbuscular percentage, was higher under drought conditions. In addition, root colonization rates showed a positive correlation with the organic matter content and pH in the soil and a negative correlation with the available phosphorus in the soil. These results indicate that no-tillage enhance the establishment of AMF symbiosis with durum wheat under semi-arid conditions.
Simple Sequence Repeats Marker based Detection of Genetic Diversity of Indian Bean Dolichos lablab (L.) of Family Fabaceae
Authors: Singh Vishwajeet , Kudesia Rajdeep , Bhadauria Seema
Published: June 2021

Background: Assessment and molecular characterization of genetic diversity among the Dolichos lablab (L.) have huge implication in scheming strategies for breeding. In India, there is less comprehensive information on the potential genetic diversity of lablab bean and this is a major challenge for systematic use of lablab bean in genetic breeding programs. To exploit the available trait of interest, the genetic diversity of the locally available genotypes must be known. The PCR-based SSR approach requires just nanogram amounts of template DNA, subjected to quick detection and less influenced by environment. In this manner SSR have been utilizing broadly to study hereditary assorted qualities of yields. Methods: In this study, genetic diversity on ten Indian Dolichos lablab (L.) genotypes were surveyed utilizing SSR markers at Department of Botany, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi during 2019-20 got from Indian gene bank. For SSR analysis, 5 primers were used for checking the diversity in Dolichos lablab (L.) and the performance of markers were measured by using 4 parameters (1) PIC, (2) Mean resolving Power, (3) Resolving Power and (4) MI. Result: SSR (05) markers produced a total of 51 bands, out of which 45 bands (88.23%) were polymorphic which varies from 6 (Primer-111) to 15 (Primer-AGB-9) with mean of 10.5 bands per primer. The polymorphic information content value ranges from 0.265 to 0.488 with a mean value of 0.390. The value of Matrix index is 3.2. The value of resolving power ranges from 2.2 to 12.60 with a mean value of 7.40. In the UPGMA dendogram, the 10 genotypes were separated into two main clusters with all the primers used. Our present examination uncovered that genetic markers might be effectively used for deciding hereditary variety and connections in Dolichos lablab (L.) genotypes and could be utilized as a part of breeding programs.
Beliefs on Marital Violence Among Portuguese Adolescents: Monitoring Their Evolution and Relationship With Dating Violence
Authors: Neves Sofia , Cameira Miguel , Caridade Sónia
Published: June 2021

In the last two decades, the problem of violence in the family sphere in particular and in intimate relationships in general has been on the agenda for Portuguese governmental and nongovernmental agencies. Several initiatives and campaigns have been launched, which are aimed at reducing occurrence of this violence, particularly among teenagers. This present study aims to assess the evolution in adolescents' attitudes and behaviors concerning intimate partner violence. We collected data from a sample of adolescents (n = 913) to compare with corresponding data collected 7 years ago by Neves and Nogueira (2010) in a sample that had identical sociodemographic characteristics (n = 899). Both cohorts resided in the same areas in the northeastern region of Portugal. The instruments used were the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC) and the Marital Violence Inventory (IVC; Neves & Nogueira, 2010). The results indicate that although respondents tend to reject traditional beliefs on marital violence more now than in the past, especially male and older respondents, the percentage of dating violence reports has not decreased. Among girls, there was even an increase in perpetration of emotional and mild physical violence. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy between the evolution of attitudes and behaviors and make suggestions for improvement in the actions implemented among teenagers to increase their effectiveness.
Femicide and Femicide-Suicide in Israel: The Role of Immigration and the Cultural Context
Authors: Sela-Shayovitz Revital
Published: June 2021

Homicide-suicide is a violent crime primarily committed within intimate relationships. Although increasing attention is being paid to femicide-suicide, there is limited comparative evidence about this crime. This article examines the differences and similarities in offender and victim characteristics between two types of femicide, femicide-suicide and femicide, among various social groups in Israel. The sample comprised all incidents of femicide and femicide-suicide (145) between 2005 and 2015. The analysis indicates that immigration plays a key role in both femicide and femicide-suicide. Femicide-suicide rates were significantly higher among immigrants than among Israeli-native Jews and Arabs. A significant relationship was found between femicide type and the method used to commit the crime: the likelihood that a firearm was used in femicide-suicide cases was 11.08 times higher than in femicide cases. The discussion focuses on the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and suggests prevention strategies.
Recent Sexual Assault Predicting Changes in Coping Motives for Alcohol Use in First-Year College Women
Authors: Nelson Jillian D. , Fischer Sarah
Published: June 2021

Sexual assault and heavy alcohol consumption are common among college students. There is strong evidence that the two are associated, but more remains to be understood about the nature of the relationship. Drinking motives have been found to mediate the relationship between sexual assault and drinking problems and between depression and alcohol risk (Kenney, Anderson, & Stein, 2018; Lindgren, Neighbors, Blayney, Mullins, & Kasen, 2012), however drinking motives have not been studied as an outcome. The current study investigated the impact of a recent sexual assault on the endorsement of coping motives for drinking in first year college women using hierarchical regression analysis with Time 2 coping motives as the outcome variable. Lifetime experience of sexual assault and Time 1 coping motives were entered in the first step of the model and a dichotomous variable indicating a recent sexual assault was entered in the second step of the model. Sexual assault during the first semester of college was found to be a significant predictor of coping motives at the end of the semester after controlling for lifetime history of sexual assault and endorsement of coping motives at Time 1. These findings suggest that coping motives for drinking may change following a sexual assault and are of concern due to the negative outcomes associated with drinking to cope. Drinking motives may be an important target of interventions provided to survivors of sexual assault to reduce risk of future drinking-related problems.
“I Was Worried I Wouldn't Be Believed”: Sexual Assault Victims' Perceptions of the Police in the Decision to Not Report
Authors: Lorenz Katherine , Dewald Stacy , Venema Rachel
Published: June 2021

Most sexual assault victims make the conscious decision to not report to the police. Concerns about the police appear to be prominent in victims' decision-making, but we do not know specifically what these concerns entail, and therefore cannot address them. A qualitative inquiry is needed to understand perceptions of the police in reporting decisions, from the voices of victims themselves. Participants (N = 175) responded to an open-ended survey question about their decision to not report to the police following sexual victimization. Analyses revealed that police perceptions shaped the decision to not report for 36% (n = 63) of participants. Nonreporting decisions related to the police fell into two themes: concerns of police treatment and previous/vicarious negative experiences with the police. We include recommendations for police and a call for alternative reporting options.
Approaches to Law 19/20 - Poster Conference
Authors: Authors Various
Published: June 2021

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DISTRIBUTION OF RABIES THAT INFECT HUMAN IN INDONESIA DURING ONE LAST DECADE
Authors: Intan Putri Reno , Khoirudin Zainal , Khariri Khariri
Published: June 2021

Rabies is a zoonosis that attacks the central nervous system with the ultimate goal of the central nervous system, brain, and spinal cord of warm-blooded animals and humans. The rabies virus is secreted with the saliva of infected animals and is transmitted through bites or licks on the skin injured by Animal Transmission Rabies (HPR), especially dogs, cats, and monkeys. This article is a literature review of the threat of distribution of rabies that infects humans in Indonesia in one last decade. Data collection is carried out through library research from reports of rabies cases during one last decade. Around the world, every year an estimated 24,000 people are bitten by dogs and other animals suffering from rabies. The first rabies case in Indonesia occurred in 1884. Reports of rabies cases in the last decade are still fluctuating. The average number of bite cases of rabies-carrying animals (GHPR) every year in humans in the past decade has been reported as many as 66,939 cases, and 50,065 cases (74.79%) of which get Anti-Rabies Vaccine (VAR). In the last report in 2019, the number of HPR bite cases was 100,826 cases and 67,625 cases (67%) received VAR. Until 2019, rabies is spread in 26 provinces in Indonesia. Mass vaccination as a method for controlling rabies has been known since 1920. Rabies vaccination is the most effective approach in controlling rabies in both animals and humans.
DETECTION OF BRUCELLOSIS IN IMPORTED DAIRY CATTLE DURING ANIMAL QUARANTINE
Authors: Muna Fauzul , Retnowati Ambar , Yuswandi Yuswandi , Khariri Khariri
Published: June 2021

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease and caused by the bacterium Brucella sp. This disease is one of the infectious diseases that has spread throughout the world. Brucellosis is still an endemic disease in Indonesia with varying prevalence in various regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that as many as 500,000 new cases of brucellosis appear every year so that it is considered the most common zoonotic disease in the world. Transmission to humans occurs mainly through direct contact with infected animals, drinking milk from infected animals, and breathing air contaminated by bacteria that cause brucellosis. The data used for the analysis is a report on income and quarantine actions on imported Australian cattle imported through Soekarno Hatta International Airport. Quarantine measures for 200 Frisian Holstein (FH) imported dairy cows were carried out from October 16, 2018, to November 15, 2018. Based on the Certificate of Health to Accompany Animals or Animal Reproductive, all cows were vaccinated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). On examination of brucellosis with the rose bengal test (RBT) method 3 positive samples were obtained so that the examination was continued with the complement fixation test (CFT) method. On CFT examination all samples showed negative results. Supervision and inspection of imported dairy cows against brucellosis are very important in order to anticipate the possibility of entry and spread of the disease from abroad. Animal Quarantine Technical Implementation Unit at the entrances must carry out supervision, inspection, and quarantine actions on the traffic of animals and their processed products which can act as a source of zoonotic transmission.
Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Afirmasi terhadap Stres Mahasiswa yang Menempuh Skripsi di Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Jember
Authors: Zainiyah Rommiyatun , Dewi Erti Ikhtiarini , Wantiyah Wantiyah
Published: June 2021

One of stressor in college students is taking a final project as a graduation requirement. The body'sresponse toward stress includes a rise of heart rate, diarrhea and insomnia. One of stressmanagement is affirmation relaxation (AR) technique. This research aimed to analyze the influenceof AR technique towards stress on students who take a final project in Faculty of Nursing, UniversityOf Jember. This research used a quasi experiment with Pretest-Post test approach and controlgroup design. Sampling technique that used is purposive sampling with respondent divided into twogroups, the treatment group and control group with 15 respondents for each group. Data wasanalyzed by using Dependent t test and Independent t test with 95% CI. The result showed thatthere was a significant difference stress before and after given AR technique within average 19,2 to10,87 (p = 0,001). Mean while, there was no significant difference of stress between pretest and posttest in control group within average 18,73 to 18,4 (p = 0,841). Overall, there was a difference ofstress between treatment group and control group (p =0,02, α = 0,05). The AR techniques reducestress because it can influence the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to produce endorphinehormone. The conclusion of this research is there was an influence of AR technique towards stresson students who Taking a Final Project in Faculty of Nursing University of Jember.Keywords: affirmation relaxation technique, stress, final project.
Pengaruh Pijat Bayi Terhadap Bounding Attachment di Ruang Dahlia RSD dr. Soebandi Jember
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Kurniawati Dini , Rasni Hanny
Published: June 2021

Bounding attachment is very important for newborn to be adapted to the new environment. Mother’stouch can help babies adapt to environmental differences between inside the womb and outside thewomb. How to improve the bounding attachment is early breastfeeding initiation, rooming in,kangaroo mother care for premature, and baby massage. The purpose of this research is todetermine the impact of baby massage to bounding attachment. The method of research was quasiexperimental with design of research pretest-post test with control group. This research is in Dahliaroom in dr. Soebandi general Hospital, with samples as 40 respondent with 20 people forexperimental group and 20 people for control group. The research use standard operationalprocedure of baby massage and quality of bounding attachment questionnaire. Take the sample bypurposive sampling. The results of research is give difference in average pretest-post test on theexperimental group of -7,35 whereas on the control group of -2,55. Statistic test result obtained the pvalue 0.001, this mean on the alpha 5% can be expressed there is influence of baby massage forbounding attachment. There are several factors that influence to the bounding attachment that isemotional health of parent, family support, the proximity and match of the parents and baby. Theresult of this research are recommended as the nursing treatment and to the public especiallymother postpartum.Keywords : baby massage, bounding attachment
Pengaruh Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSME/S) Terhadap Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Authors: Anggraeni Anis Fitri Nurul , Rondhianto Rondhianto , Juliningrum Peni Perdani
Published: June 2021

Type 2 DM is a chronic disease requiring long-term care, so it needs self-management education toprevent the complication. The patient's inability to perform self-care can reduce the quality of life. DSME/Sis one of education which facilitates knowledge, skills, patient abilities, and family support in self-care.DSME/S is given in the form of discharge planning to improve knowledge and skills in self-care. Thisresearch aimed to analyze the effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSME/S) onquality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in RSD dr. Soebandi. The research design wasquasi experimental with pre-test post-test with control group design. A number of samples were 30 peopledivided into two groups: 15 people in the treatment group and 15 people in the control group. DSME/Swas conducted in 6 sessions. Sessions 1-4 were performed in the hospital and sessions 5-6 wereperformed at the patient’s home. The data were analyzed by using dependent t test and independent ttest which significance level of 0.05. The result of t-dependent test indicated that there was significantdifferent quality of life between pre-test and post-test in the treatment group (p = 0.001) and control group(p = 0.002). The result of Independent t test showed a significant difference between treatment group andcontrol group (p = 0.001). The enhancement of quality of life on the treatment group was greater than thecontrol group. The conclusion showed that there was significant effect of DSME/S on the quality of life oftype 2 DM patients. DSME/S could improve patient self-care knowledge and abilities in controlling bloodsugar and prevent complications may effect of quality of life. Nurses can apply DSME/S in healthpromotion programs to type 2 DM patients in hospital.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, quality of life, DSME/S
Choice Under Uncertainty and Ambiguity: An Empirical Inquiry of a Behavioral Economic Experiment Applied to COVID-19.
Authors: Rodenburg Kathleen Shea , Bhattacharyya Anit , Rodenburg Erin , Papadopoulos Andrew
Published: June 2021

Results from a behavioral economic laboratory experiment are used to enhance our understanding of public health decisions made during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification of systematic biases from optimal decision theory found in controlled experiments could help inform public policy design for future public health crises. The laboratory and the shelter-in-place decisions made during COVID-19 included elements of risk, uncertainty and ambiguity. The lab findings found individuals adopt different decision rules depending on both personal attributes and on the context and environment in which the decision task is conducted. Key observations to consider in the context of the COVID-19 decision environment include the importance of past experience, the ability to understand and calculate the odds of each action, the size and differences in economic payoffs given the choice, the value of information received, and how past statistical independent outcomes influence future decisions. The academic space encompassing both public health and behavioral economics is small, yet important, particularly in the current crisis. The objective of continued research in this area would be to develop a more representative model of decision-making processes, particularly during crisis, that would serve to enhance future public health policy design.
Ultralow Loss Adiabatic Microring Resonator With Thermal Tuning
Authors: Khope Akhilesh S. P.
Published: June 2021

We report a micro-ring resonator with adiabatic bends, non contact waveguide heaters and small bend radius. The ring has the lowest reported off resonance loss and can support 8 wavelength division multiplexed channels at 200 GHz spacing. We measure 0.49 nm/mW tuning efficiency and 0.085 dB off resonance loss.
Analysis on Sustainability Reporting and Earnings Management Practices. Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Nechita Elena
Published: June 2021

In light of the worldwide spreading requirements related to the disclosure of non-financial information, which are aligning to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) developed by the United Nations (UN) in 2015, the study aims to analyse the influence of sustainability and other non-financial reporting on companies’ engagement in earnings management practices, through a pre-post adoption of European Directive 2014/95/EU comparative analysis for firms listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE) in the period 2015-2019. To conduct the investigation, the research involves the assessment and analysis of three earnings management metrics resulted by running multiple linear regression models on a sample of 31 companies listed on BSE. Research findings emphasise a decrease in the use of income smoothing practices by sampled companies in the post-adoption period 2017-2019, compared to the period preceding the implementation of the EU directive related to mandatory disclosure of non-financial information, 2015-2016. Thus, firms characterised by a higher transparency in terms of sustainability reporting are less inclined to engage in earnings management practices. This research complements the literature in the field of sustainability reporting and earnings management, providing empirical evidence on the significance and impact of publishing non-financial information.
High Failure Rates of a Unilateral Posterior Peri-Apical Distraction Device (ApiFix) for Fusionless Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Stadhouder Agnita , Holewijn Roderick M. , Haanstra Tsjitske M. , van Royen Barend J. , Kruyt Moyo C. , de Kleuver Marinus
Published: June 2021

Background:

Conventional surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) consists of correction of the spinal deformity with rigid spinal instrumentation and fusion. Less-invasive and fusionless surgery could potentially improve patient outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved posterior peri-apical self-distracting device (ApiFix) that is designed to gradually correct the deformity without spinal fusion.

Methods:

In a prospective cohort study of 20 patients with AIS (Risser stage 1-4; Lenke 1 or 5; major curve Cobb angle, 40° to 55°; and Bunnell scoliometer rotation, <15°) were managed with the ApiFix device. Clinical and radiographic performance was assessed.

Results:

Twenty patients with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 14.8 ± 1.4 years were followed for a mean of 3.4 ± 1.0 years. The average major curve was reduced from 45.4° preoperatively to 31.4° at 2 weeks postoperatively and 31.0° at the time of the latest follow-up. The average minor curve measured 31.3° preoperatively, 26.1° at 2 weeks postoperatively, and 24.2° at the time of the latest follow-up. Ten patients had serious complications that required revision surgery, including osteolysis (n = 6), screw and/or rod breakage (n = 2), failure of the ratchet mechanism (n = 1), and pain without explainable cause (n = 1). During revision surgery, metallosis was observed in all patients and cultures showed growth of Cutibacterium acnes in 6 patients. Because of the high failure rate, the study was terminated early.

Conclusions:

The use of the unilateral peri-apical concave self-distracting ratchet rod initially was associated with promising clinical and radiographic results. However, no distraction was observed and the high rate of serious adverse events within 2 years was considered to be unacceptable for further clinical application of this device in our institution, despite recent FDA approval.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Retro-Odontoid Pseudotumor Without Radiographic Instability with Congenital C1 Assimilation and C2-C3 Fusion
Authors: Gandbhir Viraj N. , Agrawal Vivek J. , Kakadiya Ghanshyam C. , Chaudhary Kshitij S.
Published: June 2021

Case:

The authors present a case of retro-odontoid pseudotumor (ROP) with congenital C1 assimilation and C2-C3 block vertebra without radiological instability who presented with cervical myelopathy with spastic quadriparesis. The patient was managed with occipitocervical fusion and C1 laminectomy. She had rapid neurological recovery in 3 months postoperatively and at 2 years had complete resolution of the retro-odontoid mass.

Conclusion:

C1 assimilation without apparent radiographic instability as a cause of ROP is underappreciated. This case report and review of literature highlight that C1 assimilation and C2-C3 fusion can lead to ROP even in the absence of apparent radiographic instability with posterior atlantoaxial fusion alone providing good results.