bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses of Herbivorous Fishes on Coral Reef Cover in Outer Island Indonesia (Study Case: Natuna Island)
Authors: Dwirama Putra Risandi , Suryanti Ani , Kurniawan Dedi , Pratomo Arif , Irawan Henky , Said Raja'I Tengku , Kurniawan Rika , Pratama Ginanjar , Jumsurizal
Published: August 2018

Coral reefs are one of the most highly productive marine ecosystems, with the largest transfer of energy attributed to the trophic interaction between herbivores and algae. Rapid demographic growth, leading to transmigration to small islands such as Natuna Island where located on outer Island Indonesia.The aim of the present study is to test for significant associations between herbivore fish species traits and Habitat complexity was derived from coral reef cover. Method to record each observed herbivore fish species with UVC (Underwater Visual Census) using SCUBA diving equipment along modification line transects. A total of 39 different fish species belonging to 3 families‟ herbivore fish were identified. Total biomass of herbivorous fish correlated with Dead Coral Algae (DCA). Biplot of the first two axes for the nonmetric multidimensional a scaling (NMDS) analysis for family and grazer showed the dominance of herbivore fish grazer.
Local Fisherman Resistance in Kelapa Kampit Coastal Area Toward Offshore Mining Activities
Authors: Ibrahim  , Haryadi Dwi , Wahyudin Nanang
Published: August 2018

Tin mining activities in Belitung Island have lasted since colonialism era to this moment. In 1990s tin exploitation in Belitung was stopped as it was assessed as no longer productive. In 1999, however, the mining had massively recommenced and at the same time, tourism and fishery were being actively developed as the new economic power. Recently, tin exploitation has shifted into offshore, and since then the conflicts began to appear. Rejection actions were continuously performed by fishermen through anti offshore mining audience, demonstration and campaign in social media. One of the rejections was when production suction vessel entered Pering waters, KelapaKampit East Belitung. At the urging of local fisherman group, written agreement between East and West Belitung head regencies, as well as the special committee recommendation of East Belitung house of representative, finally the suction vessel moved out from Pering waters. This study aimed to analyze fishermen’s and stakeholders’ knowledge, attitude, and expectationtoward offshore mining activities. Their point of views are needed in order to obtain complete perspective regarding the positive and negative sides, whether there is the meeting point among various interests and how long this conflicts will last. It is a mixed method research between qualitative and quantitative one. Quantitative approach employed questionnaire and SPSS 20 was used to analyze the results. Data collection technique used non-probability sampling with specific characteristic, fisherman community in Pering coastal area in which the amount applied Solvin theory. Qualitative approach was used to explore various phenomenons developing in society through interview with stakeholders related to offshore mining issues. Qualitative research was applied to explore phenomenon developing on site, either historically or contextually. Primary data was collected through interview with stakeholders in East Belitung related to the major issues raised. Based on the questionnaire results on fishermen and the interview with the related stakeholders, there were some findings. First, fishermen’s knowledge about offshore mining was very limited. Second, most fishermen were agreed that offshore mining damaged ecosystem, reduced catching and disturbed tourism. Third, the expectation if offshore mining keep operating, fishermen will continuously fight for it. In stakeholder and social society level; though there is one supporting offshore mining, so far however, the majority still put their side on fishermen, tourism, and environment’s interest and thus refusing offshore mining.
Genetic mutation in mangroveAcanthus ilifoliciusbase on DNA Barcode (rbcL and matK gen) in the different environment change in coastal Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Harisam R. Taufan , Haryono Florencius Eko Dwi , Marhaeni Bintang , Prayogo Norman Arie , Soedibya Petrus Hary Tjahja
Published: August 2018

mangroves are salt-tolerant forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical intertidal regions. They are among most productive, diverse, biologically important ecosystem and inclined toward the threatened system. In recent years, DNA barcoding using plastid markers rbcLand matKhas been suggested as an effective method to enrich traditional taxonomic expertise for rapid species identification, mutation genetic and biodiversity inventories. This research use survey method and descriptive qualitative analysis in the laboratory.This research aimed to determine the mutation DNA of plant barcoding standardA. Ilifolicius based gene rbcL and matK compare with species in the different location. Total DNA was isolated and successfully amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers based on the gene rbcLand matK. The results of sequencing long DNA fragments showed 760 bp are amplified by the forward primer and bp were 760 bp amplified by the primer for reverse. This study indicated that had been a mutation spesies in contaminated mangroves compared with uncontaminated mangroves.
The sinking ship policy to the perpetrator of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in criminal law perspective
Authors: Raharjo Agus , Sudrajat Tedi , Wasi Bintoro Rahadi , Saefudin Yusuf
Published: August 2018

The sinking ship policy by Minister Susi Pudjiastuti to the perpetrator of illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing in the territorial sea of Indonesia raises the pros and cons from many perspectives. The policy background and policy legal consequences in criminal law perspective are the problems that will be discussed in this article. The research method is normative and empirical research. The results showed that the policy comes since the previous Government let perpetrators of the theft of fish in the sea of Indonesia. This caused losses for Governments as well as the fishermen who technically cannot compete in terms of fishing technology. The sinking ship policy also made due to the slowness of criminal justice cases against illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in Indonesia which obviously does not comply with the principle of quick, simple and low cost justice. However, this policy is problematic in criminal law perspective, especially against the application of presumption of innocence principle and the proof process in criminal justice. Therefore, there needs to be laws that can be used as a guide and protector for this policy. Thus there is no problem in the future and instead become a breakthrough in fisheries law enforcement..
Coenzyme q10 is potentially usedto improve lipid profile in diabetic hypercholesterolemia-induced periodontitis in the coastal area
Authors: Saryono Saryono , Devinta Hesti , Widodo Abdul Haris Budi , Hidayat Arif Imam
Published: August 2018

Contaminated water often affects the occurrence of periodontitis in the coastal area. The diabetic hypercholesterolemia-induced periodontitis in Indonesia is very high. The use of coenzyme Q10 to treat this disease has never been investigated yet. Therefore, this study aimedto analyze the effect of coenzyme Q10 on the lipid profile of diabetic hypercholesterolemia-induced periodontitis.Twenty four rats were randomized into 6 groups (G1-G6). The groups (G1-G3) are healthy, negative and positive control group respectively. The treatment groups (G4-G6) are diabetic hypercholesterolemia-induced rats given coenzyme q10 dose of 13,5; 27 and 54 mg/kg respectively. Rats were induced by periodontitis, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Coenzyme Q10 was administered orally using 2 mL gastric tube once a day for 14 days. Lipid profile including triglycerides, HDL, and atherogenic index (IA) was measured enzymatically by the CHOD-PAP method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test.Coenzyme Q10 with a dose of 54 mg/kgis effective in lowering triglyceride, and atherogenic index and increasing HDL level in diabetic hyperlipidemia-induced periodontitis rats model. This research supports the potential effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation to improve lipid profile in diabetic hypercholesterolemia-induced periodontitis in the coastal area.
Revisiting passivation II: electronic conduction of transition metal oxides, Mott-Schottky plots, and root cause of stainless steel grades and nickel based alloys
Authors: Crolet Jean-Louis
Published: August 2018

The novel views on passivation and passivity are briefly reviewed, with further explanation of some key details. First, the most common polymerisation mechanism directly transforms an insoluble hydroxide into a cross-linked oxide gel. The Al type passivation corresponds to insulating oxides, and this directly leads to a nearly sealed off gel with just a residual access of the electrolyte to the metal surface. In Fe type passivation, the electronic 3d shells are incomplete, which induces a coexistence of bi- and trivalent monomers, and from elsewhere well-known quantum (or magnetic) effects, a complete ordering can suddenly induce an electronic conduction at the interatomic scale. The different grades of stainless steels or Ni based alloys, and a few other paradoxical observations, are thus explained by the required conjunction of magnetic, chemical and electrochemical features. In parallel, any applied polarisation induces a junction potential at the electrolyte boundary, with electric field, ionic space charges, and local electromigration. All are cancelled in the Faraday cage of a conductive gel, but its adaptation to each potential takes some time. Therefore, the alleged “Mott-Schottky” plots do not detect the electronic space charges of a supposedly semiconductor, but just the local ionic space charges induced by artificial polarisations.
Caenorhabditis elegans,un modèle d’étude du vieillissement
Authors: Litke Rachel , Boulanger Éric , Fradin Chantal
Published: August 2018

Le vieillissement est un processus physiologique complexe qui accompagne l’avancée en âge de tout organisme vivant. L’utilisation d’organismes modèles considérés comme simples a été fondamentale pour la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans ce processus.Caenorhabditis elegans, nématode utilisé initialement pour établir les bases génétiques et moléculaires du développement, est devenu un des modèles d’étude du vieillissement. L’utilisation de cet invertébré a permis de détecter un lien direct entre l’activation de voies de signalisation cellulaire et la longévité. SiC. elegansne permet pas d’analyser le processus complet du vieillissement humain, il reste un modèle de choix pour étudier des mécanismes et phénotypes particuliers du vieillissement.
Fermi et l’Univers en rayons gamma
Authors: Ballet Jean , Grenier Isabelle
Published: August 2018

En orbite autour de la Terre depuis juin 2008, l’observatoire gamma spatial Fermi balaye le ciel pour capter les rayons γ émis par les plus formidables accélérateurs de particules que la nature ait conçus, qu’il s’agisse d’étoiles à neutrons, de trous noirs, ou d’explosions stellaires.

Il nous révèle aussi le destin de ces particules de haute énergie qui sillonnent les galaxies et influencent leur évolution. Les observations de Fermi offrent de nouvelles perspectives sur ces phénomènes extrêmes qui défient souvent notre compréhension.
Pièges à fourmis
Authors: Crassous Jérôme , Humeau Antoine , Boury Samuel , Casas Jérôme
Published: August 2018

Les animaux fabriquant des pièges pour capturer des proies sont relativement rares. L’exemple le plus connu est l’araignée qui utilise l’adhésion de sa toile pour fixer la proie. La larve de fourmilion fabrique dans du sable un piège qui tire parti des lois de la friction pour faire glisser la proie (généralement une fourmi) vers le prédateur.

C’est en observant certaines caractéristiques du piège de cet insecte que nous avons été amenés à étudier, puis à mettre en évidence, les particularités de la friction sur un matériau granulaire.
Comment lutter contre la désinformation scientifique ? Journée Sciences et Médias 2018
Authors: Farhi Robert
Published: August 2018

Le 11 janvier 2018 s’est tenue à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (quai François Mauriac, Paris, 13e) la quatrième journée Sciences et Médias. Le but de ces journées est de participer à la réflexion sur la façon dont les médias se saisissent des questions scientifiques. L’édition 2018 était organisée par l’Association des Journalistes Scientifiques de la Presse d’Information (AJSPI), la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), la Société Chimique de France (SCF), la Société Française de Physique (SFP), la Société Française de Statistique (SFdS), la Société Informatique de France (SIF), la Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) et la Société Mathématique de France (SMF).
Le concours « Challenge Physique Expérimentale en Afrique »
Authors: Fokapu Odette , Hennequin Daniel , Lollman Dave , Piuzzi François , Suzor-Weiner Annick , Woafo Paul
Published: August 2018

« Challenge Physique Expérimentale en Afrique » est un concours soutenu (entre autres) par la Société Française de Physique, et qui a pour objet le développement de dispositifs innovants à bas coût, réalisables localement autour du thème enseignement et recherche en physique expérimentale.

La première édition du concours s’est déroulée en 2017. Dix candidats sélectionnés ont reçu une formation expérimentale et ont présenté un projet comportant un module microcontrôleur. L’annonce du palmarès et la remise des prix ont eu lieu le 8 décembre 2017 au Cameroun, à Yaoundé.
Impact of Moderate Exercise on Post-concussive Symptoms and Cognitive Function after Concussion in Children and Adolescents Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Anderson Vicki , Manikas Vicky , Babl Franz , Hearps Stephen , Dooley Julian
Published: August 2018

Resolution of post-concussive symptoms (PCS) is a marker of recovery. However, it is unclear whether subtle impairments re-emerge in the context of increased demands. This study examined the effect of strenuous exercise on clinical symptoms and cognitive efficiency in children and adolescents after PCS resolution following concussion. We recruited concussed children and adolescents (n=30) on presentation to an Emergency Department (ED), and compared them to community-sourced non-injured controls (n=30), matched for age, and cognitive function. At Day 2 post symptom resolution, concussed participants (and controls) completed an exercise protocol, and pre- and post exercise assessments of PCS and computer-based cognitive efficiency. Findings demonstrated that, compared to controls, participants with recent concussion showed an overall reduction in PCS post-exercise (p=0.048), less impact of exercise on PCS than controls (p=0.021), and faster reaction times on computer-based cognitive tasks, even where cognitive demands were high (ps<0.05). These results provide preliminary support for the use of moderate exercise for the reduction of concussion post-symptom, as suggested in recent clinical guidelines.
Preoperative CT-Based Three-Dimensional Templating in Robot-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty More Accurately Predicts Implant Sizes than Two-Dimensional Templating
Authors: Pietrzak J. R. T. , Rowan F. E. , Kayani B. , Donaldson M. J. , Huq S. S. , Haddad F. S.
Published: August 2018

Patient dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a concern. Surgical error is a common, avoidable cause of failed TKA. Correct femoral and tibial component sizing improves implant longevity, clinical outcomes, knee balance, and pain scores. We hypothesized that preoperative three-dimensional (3D) templating for robot-assisted TKA (RA-TKA) is more accurate than two-dimensional (2D) digital templating. Prospectively collected data from 31 RA-TKAs were assessed to determine accuracy pertaining to implant sizing and positioning. All cases undergoing RA-TKA undergo preoperative CT-scans as per protocol. Three blinded observers retrospectively templated these knees for TKA using standard radiographs. We compared whether 2D templating was as accurate as CT-guided templating. Postoperative radiographs were then evaluated for sizing and positioning. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the effect of learning curve were assessed. Preoperative femoral component 3D templating and retrospective blinded 2D templating accuracies were 96.6% and 52.9%, respectively (χ
2: 17.965; odds ratio [OR]: 24.957, 3.250–191.661; p < 0.001). Tibial component 3D and 2D templating accuracies were 93.1% and 28.7%, respectively (χ
2: 36.436; OR: 33.480, 7.400–151.481; p < 0.001). ICC for the three radiograph observers was 0.920 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.652–0.890; p < 0.001) for the femur and 0.833 (0.717–0.911; p < 0.001) for the tibia, showing excellent agreement. We conclude that preoperative CT-based templating for RA-TKA more accurately predicts the size of implants compared with traditional 2D digital templating. This may improve operating room efficiency and cost containment.
Design and Implementation of a Pediatric ICU Acuity Scoring Tool as Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Shelov Eric , Muthu Naveen , Wolfe Heather , Traynor Danielle , Craig Nancy , Bonafide Christopher , Nadkarni Vinay , Davis Daniela , Dewan Maya
Published: August 2018

Background and Objective Pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest most commonly occurs in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is frequently preceded by early warning signs of clinical deterioration. In this study, we describe the implementation and evaluation of criteria to identify high-risk patients from a paper-based checklist into a clinical decision support (CDS) tool in the electronic health record (EHR).

Materials and Methods The validated paper-based tool was first adapted by PICU clinicians and clinical informaticians and then integrated into clinical workflow following best practices for CDS design. A vendor-based rule engine was utilized. Littenberg's assessment framework helped guide the overall evaluation. Preliminary testing took place in EHR development environments with more rigorous evaluation, testing, and feedback completed in the live production environment. To verify data quality of the CDS rule engine, a retrospective Structured Query Language (SQL) data query was also created. As a process metric, preparedness was measured in pre- and postimplementation surveys.

Results The system was deployed, evaluating approximately 340 unique patients monthly across 4 clinical teams. The verification against retrospective SQL of 15-minute intervals over a 30-day period revealed no missing triggered intervals and demonstrated 99.3% concordance of positive triggers. Preparedness showed improvements across multiple domains to our a priori goal of 90%.

Conclusion We describe the successful adaptation and implementation of a real-time CDS tool to identify PICU patients at risk of deterioration. Prospective multicenter evaluation of the tool's effectiveness on clinical outcomes is necessary before broader implementation can be recommended.
Printed-circuit-board linear Paul trap for manipulating single nano- and microparticles
Authors: Partner Heather L. , Zoll Joachim , Kuhlicke Alexander , Benson Oliver
Published: August 2018

Levitation of very small but macroscopic objects is a rapidly developing interrogation technique for nanooptics and optomechanics. Paul traps are one mechanism for levitation of charged particles, which enables interrogation of novel materials or optically active samples in a virtually interaction-free environment, providing a test-bed for completely new experiments. Elementary traps have already been demonstrated for nano- and microparticles as a proof-of-principle for such experiments. We present a linear, segmented Paul trap with a printed-circuit-board-based design for levitation of nano- and microparticles, as a step toward the more sophisticated tools needed for advanced experiments. We describe the trap design, construction, and characterization and address the challenging phenomena associated with such a system. This trap provides a step toward designing an ideal environment for studies using a variety of isolated particles to enable advances in areas including magnetometry, thermodynamics, and optomechanics.
Towards realistic simulations of QED cascades: Non-ideal laser and electron seeding effects
Authors: Sampath Archana , Tamburini Matteo
Published: August 2018

A number of analytical and numerical studies have been performed to investigate the onset and development of QED cascades in the collision of two counterpropagating laser pulses as a function of the laser intensity. However, it has been recently demonstrated [Tamburini et al., Sci. Rep. 7, 5694 (2017)] that the onset of QED cascades is also strongly influenced by the structure of the laser pulses, such as the laser pulse waist radius. Here, we investigate how QED cascades are affected by: (a) the laser pulse duration, (b) the presence of a relative delay for the peak of the laser pulses to reach the focus, and (c) the existence of a mismatch between the laser focal axis of the two laser pulses. This is especially important as, in realistic laboratory conditions, fluctuations may arise in the temporal and point stability of the lasers.
Twisted quantum affinizations and their vertex representations
Authors: Chen Fulin , Jing Naihuan , Kong Fei , Tan Shaobin
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we generalize Drinfeld’s twisted quantum affine algebras to construct twisted quantum algebras for all simply laced generalized Cartan matrices and present their vertex representation realizations.
A robust solution for the resistive MHD toroidal Δ′ matrix in near real-time
Authors: Glasser Alexander S. , Kolemen Egemen
Published: August 2018

We introduce a new near real-time solution for the tokamak resistive MHD Δ′ matrix. By extending state transition matrix methods introduced in [Glasser et al., Phys. Plasmas 25(3), 032507 (2017)] and leveraging the asymptotic methods of [A. H. Glasser, Phys. Plasmas 23, 072505 (2016)], we have developed STRIDE—State Transition Rapid Integration with DCON (Asymptotic) Expansions—a code that solves for Δ′ in <500 ms. The resistive MHD stability remains a foremost challenge in successful tokamak operation, and its numerically demanding analysis has received attention for many years. Our code substantially improves upon the speed and robustness of earlier Δ′ calculation methods, affording solutions for previously intractable equilibria and helping enable the real-time control of ideal and resistive MHD tokamak stability. In this paper, we pedagogically review tearing stability analysis and motivate and define Δ′ in the slab, cylindrical, and toroidal geometries. We also benchmark STRIDE against the calculations of [Nishimura et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 4292–4299 (1998)] and Furth et al. [Phys. Fluids 16, 1054 (1973)] for Δ′ in a cylindrical geometry, and the Δ′ matrix calculations of [A. H. Glasser, Phys. Plasmas 23, 112506 (2016)] in the full toroidal geometry.
Plasma waves excitation by a short pulse of focused laser radiation
Authors: Grishkov V. E. , Uryupin S. A.
Published: August 2018

The excitation of plasma waves by a short pulse of focused laser radiation is studied. Since the excitation of waves depends strongly on the pulse form, we described in detail its form and the conditions when the expression for the pulse field is applicable. Limitations on the pulse duration and the degree of laser radiation focusing are given. The basis for studying the excitation of plasma waves is the equation for potential electric fields. This equation describes the dispersion, weak damping due to collisions of electrons with ions, and wave excitation due to the ponderomotive effect of a short pulse of laser radiation. The dispersion of waves is described by a small integral term that takes into account the thermal motion of electrons. The effect of electron collisions on the damping of waves is described by the Fokker-Planck collision integral. The expression for the ponderomotive force is written taking into account the fact that the laser pulse propagates with a group velocity close to the speed of light. From the equation for waves, we find the Fourier transform of the electric field, which makes it possible to analyze the spectral composition of the excited waves and their radiation patterns. When radiation is weakly focused, waves are excited along the direction of laser pulse propagation. In the case of strong focusing, plasma waves are excited at an angle to this direction, and the greater the angle magnitude, the greater the difference of wave frequency from the electron plasma frequency.
Dynamics of a slow electron hole coupled to an ion-acoustic soliton
Authors: Zhou Chuteng , Hutchinson Ian H.
Published: August 2018

This paper demonstrates stable embedding of an electron phase-space hole into an ion-acoustic soliton simulated using one-dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulation, forming a stable Coupled Hole-Soliton pair, which is a coupled state of a fluid soliton and a Bernstein-Green-Kruskal mode electron phase-space hole. Collision tests reveal that its collisional dynamics are a hybrid of soliton collision and electron hole merging. This hybrid state is separated from the classical free electron hole branch by a gap in their ion-frame velocities. Transition is possible from the coupled state to the free state by ion Landau damping and in the opposite direction by hole growth. Buneman instability simulation is performed, showing generation of both types of electron holes depending on the ion temperature. The results from our work can be readily applied to better understand the electrostatic solitary wave observations in space plasmas.
Development and characterization of a wire-plate air bubbling plasma for wastewater treatment using nanosecond pulsed high voltage
Authors: Abdelaziz Ayman A. , Ishijima Tatsuo , Tizaoui Chedly
Published: August 2018

This study developed a prototype of a wire-plate air bubbling plasma reactor that can be easily scaled up for wastewater treatment. The electrical characteristics, including the discharge current and average power consumed, of the developed reactor were deeply investigated at different operating parameters and solution conductivities. The performance of the reactor was examined on the basis of energy efficiency and methylene blue (MB) decoloration efficiency. Moreover, the removal of the total organic carbon and the changes of the physicochemical properties of solution, including pH, conductivity, and temperature, were evaluated. The analysis of current discharge and average power consumed showed that the discharge mode in the present reactor is a filamentary streamer. Interestingly, the solution conductivity had no effect on the average power consumed at low applied voltages, due to confinement of the discharge in a small area surrounding the discharge electrode in the gas phase. However, at relatively high voltages, the effect of conductivity on the average power consumed was noticeable, yet it had no effect on the decoloration efficiency at the same average power. The present reactor showed a high energy-efficiency value of 42 g/kWh at 50% decoloration of 30 mg/l MB solution, but it dropped to 14 g/kWh at 97% decoloration. A first-order kinetics model described well the decoloration reaction rates and the overall rate constant correlated linearly to the average power.
Influence of negative-U centers related carrier dynamics on donor-acceptor-pair emission in fluorescent SiC
Authors: Wei Yi , Tarekegne Abebe Tilahun , Ou Haiyan
Published: August 2018

E 1/E2 defects are the typical negative-U centers in n-type 6H silicon carbide (SiC). They are the main contributors to non-radiative recombination, which limits the carrier lifetime. In this study, two fluorescent 6H silicon carbide (f-SiC) samples and one bulk substrate were characterized via time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and static photoluminescence (PL) measurements, where all the samples were nitrogen-boron co-doped 6H n-type. The existence of E1/E2 defects, which caused the diminution of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and luminescence intensity of each sample, was confirmed by applying a carrier dynamics model based on negative-U centers. The carrier dynamics simulation reveals that the density of the E1/E2 defects in bulk 6H SiC is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the f-SiC sample, causing much lower PL intensity in the bulk substrate compared to the two f-SiC samples. The IQE of the two f-SiC samples was extracted from the corresponding TRPL results, where the contrast between their IQE was further confirmed by the related PL measurement results. The slight difference in IQE between the two f-SiC samples was attributed to slightly different E1/E2 defect concentrations. On the other hand, by implementing a steady-state donor-acceptor-pair (DAP) recombination calculation, it was found that the f-SiC sample with lower IQE had a higher DAP transition probability due to the higher doping level. This prompted further optimizations in the f-SiC crystal growth conditions in order to decrease the E1/E2 defects while maintaining the correct doping parameters.
Induced acoustic radiation force and torque on a pulsating cylindrical source near a planar rigid half-space boundary
Authors: Mitri F. G.
Published: August 2018

In this contribution, the phenomenon of wall-induced acoustic radiation force and torque on an active cylindrically radiating acoustic source, undergoing axisymmetric or asymmetric harmonic vibrations (i.e., using a superposition of different vibrational source modes) near a flat rigid boundary in a non-viscous fluid is demonstrated using the modal expansion method, the translational addition theorem, and the method of images. These physical phenomena arise due to the multiple interactions with the boundary. Assuming axisymmetric or asymmetric modal oscillations of the source, conditions are found where the longitudinal and transversal radiation force functions as well as the axial torque component vanish, achieving complete translational or rotational motion suppression of the pulsating source. These components also take positive or negative values, depending on the source size and distance from the flat rigid wall, suggesting pushing or pulling effects towards the boundary, and possible source rotation clockwise or counter-clockwise. The analytical formalism developed here can be helpful in predicting emergent phenomena related to applications in underwater acoustics, particle manipulation of active carriers or ultrasound contrast agents located near a boundary, and possibly other applications in fluid dynamics and related topics.
Note: Lever-type bidirectional stick-slip piezoelectric actuator with flexible hinge
Authors: Li Yikang , Li Hengyu , Cheng Tinghai , Lu Xiaohui , Zhao Hongwei , Chen Pengfei
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a lever-type stick-slip piezoelectric actuator based on the lever amplification principle. The proposed actuator can achieve large strokes, high velocity, and bidirectional actuation with a single piezoelectric stack. The finite element simulation of the lever-type flexible hinge is performed, and the designed prototype is tested. When the voltage is 100 Vp-p, the maximum forward velocity is 7.69 mm/s under the symmetry of 20%. The maximum reverse velocity is 7.12 mm/s under the symmetry of 80%. The maximum forward and reverse displacement deviation within 10 cycles is 0.88 μm, and the maximum load can reach 105 g.
Molecular dynamics simulations of wake structures behind a microparticle in a magnetized ion flow. II. Effects of velocity spread and ion collisions
Authors: Piel A. , Jung H. , Greiner F.
Published: August 2018

The influence of velocity spread and ion-neutral collisions on the wake of a microparticle in a collisional magnetized ion flow is explored by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The ion flow is described in the constant-mean-free-path limit. A constant electric field is superimposed that maintains the ion drift at the Bohm speed and approximates conditions in the plasma sheath. The contribution of ion Landau damping to the wake structure is separated by simulations with a collisionless drift distribution. It is found that ion Landau damping and collisions have a counteracting effect on the ion density in the focus region. The dynamic shadows that are a typical feature of collisionless magnetized wakes with cold ion beams are damped by the velocity spread and vanish by a collision-enhanced ion density in the wake. Dynamic shadows reappear only at very high magnetic fields, B ≈ 10 T. In two-particle arrangements, the full collisional model shows that horizontal attractive forces persist up to B = 4 T but become repulsive for higher magnetization.
Computational methodology for solubility prediction: Application to sparingly soluble organic/inorganic materials
Authors: Li Lunna , Totton Tim , Frenkel Daan
Published: August 2018

The solubility of a crystalline material can be estimated from the absolute free energy of the solid and the excess solvation free energy. In the earlier work, we presented a general-purpose molecular-dynamics-based methodology enabling solubility predictions of crystalline compounds, yielding accurate estimates of the aqueous solubilities of naphthalene at various pressures and temperatures. In the present work, we investigate a number of prototypical complex materials, including phenanthrene, calcite, and aragonite over a range of temperatures and pressures. Our results provide stronger evidence for the power of the methodology for universal solubility predictions.
Design of two-terminal-electrode vertical thyristor as cross-point memory cell without selector
Authors: Song Seung-Hyun , Kim Min-Won , Yoo Sang-Dong , Shim Tae-Hun , Park Jea-Gun
Published: August 2018

We proposed a two-terminal-electrode vertical thyristor and investigated its suitability as a cross-point memory cell without a selector from the viewpoints of p+- and n+-base region width and a vertically stacked doped-epitaxial-Si layer structure such as p++-emitter/n+-base/p+-base/n++-emitter or n++-emitter/p+-base/n+-base/p++-emitter. The proper p+- and n+-base-region width (i.e., 160 nm) and p++-emitter/n+-base/p+-base/n++-emitter layer structure could enable the development of a cross-point memory cell using the half bias concept by preventing misfit dislocations at the junctions between the n++-emitter and p+-base or n+-base and p++-emitter. It was also found that generation of the misfit dislocations originating from B or P atom segregation at junctions during doped-Si epitaxial-layer growth enhanced the strain at the junctions. The misfit dislocations at the junctions were produced when the strain at the junctions was greater than ∼4 × 10−4.
Electric-field tuning of the valley splitting in silicon corner dots
Authors: Ibberson D. J. , Bourdet L. , Abadillo-Uriel J. C. , Ahmed I. , Barraud S. , Calderón M. J. , Niquet Y.-M. , Gonzalez-Zalba M. F.
Published: August 2018

We perform an excited state spectroscopy analysis of a silicon corner dot in a nanowire field-effect transistor to assess the electric field tunability of the valley splitting. First, we demonstrate a back-gate-controlled transition between a single quantum dot and a double quantum dot in parallel which allows tuning the device into corner dot formation. We find a linear dependence of the valley splitting on back-gate voltage, from 880 μeV to 610 μeV with a slope of −45 ± 3 μeV/V (or equivalently a slope of −48 ± 3 μeV/(MV/m) with respect to the effective field). The experimental results are backed up by tight-binding simulations that include the effect of surface roughness, remote charges in the gate stack, and discrete dopants in the channel. Our results demonstrate a way to electrically tune the valley splitting in silicon-on-insulator-based quantum dots, a requirement to achieve all-electrical manipulation of silicon spin qubits.
A CO2 laser heating system for in situ high pressure-temperature experiments at HPCAT
Authors: Smith Dean , Smith Jesse S. , Childs Christian , Rod Eric , Hrubiak Rostislav , Shen Guoyin , Salamat Ashkan
Published: August 2018

We present a CO2 laser heating setup for synchrotron x-ray diffraction inside a diamond anvil cell, situated at HPCAT (Sector 16, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, USA), which is modular and portable between the HPCAT experiment hutches. The system allows direct laser heating of wide bandgap insulating materials to thousands of degrees at static high pressures up to the Mbar regime. Alignment of the focused CO2 laser spot is performed using a mid-infrared microscope, which addressed past difficulties with aligning the invisible radiation. The implementation of the mid-infrared microscope alongside a mirror pinhole spatial filter system allows precise alignment of the heating laser spot and optical pyrometry measurement location to the x-ray probe. A comparatively large heating spot (∼50 μm) relative to the x-ray beam (<10 μm) reduces the risk of temperature gradients across the probed area. Each component of the heating system and its diagnostics have been designed with portability in mind and compatibility with the various experimental hutches at the HPCAT beamlines. We present measurements on ZrO2 at 5.5 GPa which demonstrate the improved room-temperature diffraction data quality afforded by annealing with the CO2 laser. We also present in situ measurements at 5.5 GPa up to 2800 K in which we do not observe the postulated fluorite ZrO2 structure, in agreement with recent findings.
Physics of intrinsic point defects in bismuth oxychalcogenides: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Wei Qilin , Lin Changqing , Li Yifan , Zhang Xuyang , Zhang Qingyun , Shen Qian , Cheng Yingchun , Huang Wei
Published: August 2018

As quasi two-dimensional semiconductors, bismuth oxychalcogenides (BOXs) have been demonstrated as potential candidates for high-speed and low-power electronics because of their exceptional environmental stability and high carrier mobility. Here, thermodynamics of growth and a series of intrinsic defects in BOXs are studied using first-principles calculations. Comparing the chemical potential phase diagrams of BOXs, we find that it is easier to grow Bi2O2Se than to grow Bi2O2S or Bi2O2Te. It is most difficult to grow stable Bi2O2Te because of the existence of various binary phases. Under Se-poor conditions, the intrinsic point defects of Bi replacing Se (BiSe) and Se vacancy (VSe) can form easily and behave as donors because of low formation energy, which is the reason for the n-type character of as-grown Bi2O2Se in experiments. For Bi2O2S, the donor point defect of Bi substituting S (BiS) is also dominant, leading to an n-type carrier. This study of thermodynamics and the physics of intrinsic point defects provides a valuable understanding of BOXs.
Deterministic domain reorientations in the BiFeO3 thin film upon the thermal phase transitions
Authors: Roh Chang Jae , Lee Jin Hong , Kim Kwang-Eun , Yang Chan-Ho , Lee Jong Seok
Published: August 2018

We investigate temperature-dependent evolutions of ferroelectric domain distributions in a strained BiFeO3 thin film by using an optical second harmonic generation (SHG) technique. At room temperature, the azimuth-dependent SHG intensity has two maximal lobes at 45 and 225° which reflect the MC crystallographic phase. As the temperature increases up to above 400 K, we observed clear signatures of the MC-MA phase transition; the SHG intensity exhibits an abrupt change, and the maximal SHG intensity appears at different azimuth angles being rotated by +90 or −90° depending on the sample position. From the areal mapping of the SHG intensity with a diffraction-limited spatial resolution, we found that the domain distribution undergoes a large change across the phase transition in the first heating run, but afterwards, it remains almost the same upon the successive phase transitions in both cooling and heating runs. We discuss such random or deterministic selection of the polarization directions of ferroelectric domains in terms of Kittel's law and the free energy landscape in each phase.
Oblique angle deposition of Au/Ti porous getter films
Authors: Wu Ming , Moulin Johan , Bosseboeuf Alain
Published: August 2018

Interdiffusion in gold/titanium films with titanium evaporated on silicon at different oblique angles (0°, 30°, 50°, and 70°) and gold evaporated under normal incidence is investigated using a scanning electron microscope and in-situ sheet resistance measurements for the optimization of the films' effective gettering ability during and after a low-temperature thermal activation. Films have a tilted columnar structure and a porosity increasing with the deposition angle in agreement with calculated values. The oxygen effective gettering ability, characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, increases with the deposition angle. It is shown that the gold/titanium film with titanium deposited with an oblique angle of 50° is an optimized condition to obtain the largest sorption capacity after 1 h thermal activation at temperatures lower or equal to 300 °C. This film has a low initial residual stress that becomes highly tensile if thermal activation is performed above 300 °C.
Numerical scheme looks to pave the way for universal method to predict solubilities
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: August 2018

A recently developed approach demonstrates its ability to predict the solubility of crystalline solids using free-energy calculations that don’t require specialized expertise.
Sinusoidal function to describe the growth curve of dairy heifers
Authors: Kuhi H. Darmani , Hossein-Zadeh N. Ghavi , López S. , Falahi S. , France J.
Published: August 2018

The objective of the present study is to introduce a sinusoidal function into dairy research and production by applying it to bodyweight records (from 1 to 24 months) from six dairy cow breeds reported by the Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project of Penn State Extension (USA) from 1991 to 1992. The function was evaluated with regard to its ability to describe the relationship between bodyweight and age in dairy heifers, and then compared with seven standard growth functions, namely monomolecular, logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy, Richards, Schumacher and Morgan. The models were fitted to monthly bodyweight records of dairy heifers using non-linear regression to derive estimates of the parameters of each function. The models were tested for goodness of fit by using adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, Akaike’s information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. Values of adjusted coefficient of determination were generally high for all models, suggesting the generally appropriate fit of the models to the data. The sinusoidal function provided the best fit of the growth curves for Brown Swiss, Guernsey and Milking Shorthorn breeds due to the lowest values of root mean square error, Akaike’s information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. According to the chosen statistical criteria, the Richards function provided the best fit for Ayrshire heifers, and the monomolecular the best for Holstein and Jersey. The least accurate estimates were obtained with the logistic. In conclusion, the sinusoidal function introduced here can be considered as an appropriate alternative to standard growth functions when modelling growth patterns in dairy heifers.
The effects of calcium source and concentration on performance, bone mineralisation and serum traits in male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age
Authors: Fallah H. , Karimi A. , Sadeghi G. H. , Behroozi-Khazaei N.
Published: August 2018

In total, 840 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used to evaluate the effects of seven dietary calcium (Ca) concentrations (4.0, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5, 10.0, 11.5 and 13.0 g/kg, at a fixed concentration of 4.0 g/kg of non-phytate phosphorus) and two calcium sources (oyster shell and limestone) on broiler chicken Ca requirements for optimal growth rate and bone mineralisation from 1 to 21 days of age. All chickens were randomly distributed into 14 treatment groups (seven treatments of each Ca source), each being replicated four times, with 15 birds per each replicate. Results indicated that Ca source and Ca source × Ca concentration interaction had no significant (P > 0.05) effects on birds average feed intake, but increasing Ca concentration to >8.5 g/kg significantly deteriorated average feed intake. Average weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly influenced by Ca source × Ca concentration interaction, whereby high concentrations of Ca from oyster shell resulted in a poorer performance for both criteria than did those from limestone. Serum Ca, P and total protein were not affected by Ca source. However, increasing Ca concentrations had adverse effects on serum P concentration (P < 0.05). Toe ash, tibia ash and phosphorus concentrations at 21 days were not influenced by Ca source, but were depressed as dietary Ca concentration increased (P < 0.05). A broken-line regression analysis indicated that the Ca requirements to optimise average weight gain and tibia ash when limestone was used as a Ca source were 5.54 and 6.58 g/kg of diet respectively, and 5.80 and 6.43 g/kg of diet respectively, when oyster shell was used. In conclusion, the results indicated that Ca concentration, more than Ca source, has a significant influence on broiler chicken performance and bone mineralisation, all of which deteriorate when the dietary Ca concentration exceeds 8.5 g/kg at the constant available-phosphorus concentration of 4.0 g/kg.
A framework to diagnose factors influencing proenvironmental behaviors in water-sensitive urban design
Authors: Schirmer Jacki , Dyer Fiona
Published: August 2018

Significance

Urban stormwater runoff contributes significantly to water-quality problems in freshwater systems worldwide. Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) typically addresses this through construction of ecologically sensitive infrastructure but rarely considers how encouraging change in human behaviors could contribute to improving water quality. The effectiveness of WSUD can be increased by encouraging adoption of proenvironmental behaviors that prevent water-quality deterioration at the source and improve the quality of water leaving stormwater systems, in turn reducing the investment needed in water-related infrastructure. The VAIL (values, awareness, identity, lifestyle) framework presented in this paper enables context-specific identification of factors that influence adoption of proenvironmental behaviors and can inform design of actions that seek to increase adoption of these behaviors.
Experimental measurement of the diamond nucleation landscape reveals classical and nonclassical features
Authors: Gebbie Matthew A. , Ishiwata Hitoshi , McQuade Patrick J. , Petrak Vaclav , Taylor Andrew , Freiwald Christopher , Dahl Jeremy E. , Carlson Robert M. K. , Fokin Andrey A. , Schreiner Peter R. , Shen Zhi-Xun , Nesladek Milos , Melosh Nicholas A.
Published: August 2018

Significance

Nucleation is the limiting step for thermodynamic phase transitions. While classical models predict that nucleation should be extremely rare, nucleation is surprisingly rapid in the gas-phase synthesis of diamond, silicon, and other industrial materials. We developed an approach for measuring nucleation landscapes using atomically defined precursors and find that diamond critical nuclei contain no bulk atoms, which leads to a nucleation barrier that is four orders of magnitude lower than prior bulk estimations. Our findings suggest that metastable molecular precursors play a key role in lowering nucleation barriers during materials synthesis and provide quantitative support for recent theoretical proposals of multistep nucleation pathways with much lower barriers than the predictions of classical nucleation theory.