bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gadofosveset trisodium in the investigation of focal liver lesions in noncirrhotic liver: Early experience
Authors: Milot Laurent , Haider Masoom , Foster Lynette , McGregor Cailtin , Law Calvin
Published: April 2012

Purpose:

To investigate enhancement of hepatic lesions with gadofosveset trisodium (Gdfos) (Ablavar) (blood pool agent) compared with the extracellular gadolinium contrast agent (EcGd) gadobutrol (Gadovist).

Materials and Methods:

The prospective study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Board with informed consent. Twelve patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with EcGd followed by MRI with Gdfos. For each agent qualitative analysis described the pattern of enhancement and quantitative analysis was performed using lesion‐to‐liver contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) ratio. Paired and unpaired Student's t‐test used.

Results:

Twelve hemangiomas, four metastases, one cyst, two focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and three adenomas were found. Cyst, FNH, adenomas, and hemangiomas demonstrated the classic pattern of enhancement with both agents. Hemangiomas demonstrated retention of contrast with both agents and their CNR was not statistically different (P > 0.05). Metastases demonstrated retention of contrast on delayed phase with EcGd. Retention of contrast was not seen in metastases with Gdfos. CNR of metastases with Gdfos was statistically lower than CNR of metastases with EcGd (P = 0.005). CNR of hemangiomata and metastases on delayed phase were significantly different (P = 0.0008) with Gdfos, but similar with EcGd (P = 0.4).

Conclusion:

Hemangiomas accumulate Gdfos on delayed phase and metastases do not, a key additional differentiating feature. Liver imaging with Gdfos may improve characterization of liver lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:738–742. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimating size and trend of the North Interlake woodland caribou population using fecal‐DNA and capture–recapture models
Authors: Hettinga Peter N. , Arnason Arni Neil , Manseau Micheline , Cross Dale , Whaley Kent , Wilson Paul J.
Published: April 2012

A critical step in recovery efforts for endangered and threatened species is the monitoring of population demographic parameters. As part of these efforts, we evaluated the use of fecal‐DNA based capture–recapture methods to estimate population sizes and population rate of change for the North Interlake woodland caribou herd (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Manitoba, Canada. This herd is part of the boreal population of woodland caribou, listed as threatened under the federal Species at Risk Act (2003) and the provincial Manitoba Endangered Species Act (2006). Between 2004 and 2009 (9 surveys), we collected 1,080 fecal samples and identified 180 unique genotypes (102 females and 78 males). We used a robust design survey plan with 2 surveys in most years and analysed the data with Program MARK to estimate encounter rates (p), apparent survival rates (φ), rates of population change (λ), and population sizes (N). We estimated these demographic parameters for males and females and for 2 genetic clusters within the North Interlake. The population size estimates were larger for the Lower than the Upper North Interlake area and the proportion of males was lower in the Lower (33%) than the Upper North Interlake (49%). Population rate of change for the entire North Interlake area (2005–2009) using the robust design Pradel model was significantly <1.0 (λ = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99) and varied between sex and area with the highest being for males in Lower North Interlake (λ = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83–1.13) and the lowest being for females in Upper North Interlake (λ = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69–0.97). The additivity of λ between sex and area is supported on the log scale and translates into males having a λ that is 0.09 greater than females and independent of sex, Lower North Interlake having a λ that is 0.06 greater than Upper North Interlake. Population estimates paralleled these declining trends, which correspond to trends observed in other fragmented populations of woodland caribou along the southern part of their range. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the applicability and success of non‐invasive genetic sampling in monitoring populations of woodland caribou. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Antihelical shaping of prominent ears using conchal cartilage‐grafting adhesion
Authors: Park Chul , Jeong Tae‐Won
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

No specific otoplasty method has been considered as the absolute standard in patients with prominent ears showing thick and strong auricular cartilage.

Study Design:

Retrospective case series study.

Methods:

The authors reviewed the chart and preoperative and postoperative photos of patients (N = 66) who underwent otoplasty consecutively with a new antihelical shaping technique using conchal cartilage‐grafting adhesion between 2003 and 2010. Three mattress sutures between the posterior scapha and concha wall were performed to create an antihelical tubing. A piece of conchal cartilage with an intact perichondrium was inserted through the posterior tubing gap and fixed to the posterior scapha and conchal wall, which induced permanent cartilage adhesion.

Results:

Thirty‐nine patients were female and 27 were male. The average age was 23.7 years. Prominent ears were bilateral in 24 patients and unilateral in 42 patients. All patients were observed for a postoperative duration of between 4 months and 24 months. Operative wounds in all patients healed uneventfully. Asymmetric ear projections due to undercorrection were observed in two patients, and mild irregularities or prominences on the postauricular surfaces were observed in three patients. Twenty‐two patients (27 corrected ears) were interviewed by telephone to evaluate their long‐term satisfaction (an average of 5.2 years after surgery). All except one reported their corrected ears as good.

Conclusions:

The conchal cartilage‐grafting adhesion technique creates a naturally shaped smooth antihelix, allowing the prominent ear to predictably and permanently set back. We believe that the method is indicated in adult patients showing thick and strong auricular cartilage. Laryngoscope, 2012
Patient‐reported speech in noise difficulties and hyperacusis symptoms and correlation with test results
Authors: Spyridakou Chrysa , Luxon Linda M. , Bamiou Doris E.
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To compare self‐reported symptoms of difficulty hearing speech in noise and hyperacusis in adults with auditory processing disorders (APDs) and normal controls; and to compare self‐reported symptoms to objective test results (speech in babble test, transient evoked otoacoustic emission [TEOAE] suppression test using contralateral noise).

Study Design:

A prospective case–control pilot study.

Methods:

Twenty‐two participants were recruited in the study: 10 patients with reported hearing difficulty, normal audiometry, and a clinical diagnosis of APD; and 12 normal age‐matched controls with no reported hearing difficulty. All participants completed the validated Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability questionnaire, a hyperacusis questionnaire, a speech in babble test, and a TEOAE suppression test using contralateral noise.

Results:

Patients had significantly worse scores than controls in all domains of the Amsterdam Inventory questionnaire (with the exception of sound detection) and the hyperacusis questionnaire (P < .005). Patients also had worse TEOAE suppression test results in both ears than controls; however, this result was not significant after Bonferroni correction. Strong correlations were observed between self‐reported symptoms of difficulty hearing speech in noise and speech in babble test results in the right ear (ρ = 0.624, P = .002), and between self‐reported symptoms of hyperacusis and TEOAE suppression test results in the right ear (ρ = −0.597 P = .003).

Conclusions:

There was no significant correlation between the two tests. A strong correlation was observed between right ear speech in babble and patient‐reported intelligibility of speech in noise, and right ear TEOAE suppression by contralateral noise and hyperacusis questionnaire. Laryngoscope, 2012
Stimuli‐Responsive Peptide‐Based ABA‐Triblock Copolymers: Unique Morphology Transitions With pH
Authors: Ray Jacob G. , Naik Sandeep S. , Hoff Emily A. , Johnson Ashley J , Ly Jack T. , Easterling Charles P. , Patton Derek L. , Savin Daniel A.
Published: April 2012

We report the synthesis and solution characterization of poly(L‐lysine)‐b‐poly(propylene oxide)‐b‐poly(L‐lysine) (KPK) triblock copolymers with high lysine weight fractions (>75 wt%). In contrast to PK diblock copolymers in this composition range, KPK triblock copolymers exhibit morphology transitions as a function of pH. Using a combination of light‐scattering and microscopy techniques, we demonstrate spherical micelle‐vesicle and spherical micelle‐disk micelle transitions for different K fractions. We interpret these morphology changes in terms of the energy penalty associated with folding the core P block to form a spherical micelle in relation to the interfacial curvature associated with different charged states of the K block.
Chemotherapy compliance in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Puri Ajay , Shah Kajal , Susan Deepa , Jambhekar Nirmala , Rekhi Bharat , Desai Saral , Gulia Ashish , Gupta Sudeep
Published: April 2012

Purpose

Histological response (HR) to neoadjuvant‐chemotherapy (NACT) is considered as a robust prognostic marker in treated osteosarcomas. Chemotherapy compliance can affect both, dose intensity and density and may affect the final outcome in these cases. This vital aspect has been inadequately addressed and therefore merits further investigation.

Method

A retrospective study of NACT‐treated osteosarcoma patients, during the year 2010 was conducted. Compliance was defined as receipt of planned cycles of chemotherapy in the planned doses, within the planned duration or up to 25% additional time. HR was assessed by grading for histological necrosis (HN). Good responders (GR) included those with tumors showing ≥90% HN.

Results

Of 124 patients, 115 were analyzed for post‐NACT HR. Of the 73 (64%) compliant patients, 47 were GR and of the 42 (36%) non‐compliant patients, 18 were GR. There was significant association between GR and compliance (P = 0.031). However, at a median follow‐up of 7.9 months, there was no significant difference in survival between the noncompliant versus compliant group. Non‐compliance was justifiable in 26 patients and not justifiable in 16 patients. Using univariate analysis, T‐size, pain, performance status, albumin, LDH, and education were identified as significant factors, while in multivariate analysis, only poor performance status was identified as an independent variable for non‐compliance.

Conclusions

Two‐thirds patients were found to be compliant with NACT. There was a significant association between GR and compliant patients. Significant correlation between compliance and survival may be established with a longer follow‐up particularly since “good necrosis” is generally predictive of good survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 41–44. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A time‐dependent Lagrangian eyewall
Authors: Rutherford Blake , Dangelmayr Gerhard , Kirby Michael
Published: April 2012

The structure of a tropical cyclone eye and eyewall plays an important role in intensification. While the eyewall is usually defined in terms of instantaneous velocity and derived quantities such as vorticity, or thermodynamic variables such as equivalent potential temperature, or pressure, a Lagrangian eyewall definition is based on the transport of particles. In this paper, we analyse a Lagrangian eye–eyewall interface (LEEI), which is defined as a surface that acts as barrier to particle motion. The surface is identified with a maximal ridge of a hyperbolic Lagrangian field, and varies with the initial time at which particles are seeded. Our study extends a previous LEEI construction (Rutherford B, Dangelmayr G. 2010. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136: 1931–1944) as follows. First, the ridge extraction algorithm used in our previous work is fully automated over time and z‐levels, and smoothed by representing the ridge curves on z‐slices in terms of Fourier descriptors. Secondly, the ridge curves for varying z‐levels are matched to vertical basis functions leading to a 3D spatially continuous and low‐dimensional representation of the LEEI, by truncating the combined azimuthal and vertical expansion. The surface is then analysed over varying initial time, and structural differences in time and height show that differences in Lagrangian structure and the degree of axisymmetry correspond to changes in intensity. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Study of LPIN1, LPIN2 and LPIN3 in rhabdomyolysis and exercise‐induced myalgia
Authors: Michot Caroline , Hubert Laurence , Romero Norma B. , Gouda Amr , Mamoune Asmaa , Mathew Suja , Kirk Edwin , Viollet Louis , Rahman Shamima , Bekri Soumeya , Peters Heidi , McGill James , Glamuzina Emma , Farrar Michelle , der von Hagen Maya , Alexander Ian E. , Kirmse Brian , Barth Magalie , Laforet Pascal , Benlian Pascale , Munnich Arnold , JeanPierre Marc , Elpeleg Orly , Pines Ophry , Delahodde Agnès , de Keyzer Yves , de Lonlay Pascale
Published: April 2012

Background

Recessive LPIN1 mutations were identified as a cause of severe rhabdomyolysis in pediatric patients. The human lipin family includes two other closely related members, lipin‐2 and 3, which share strong homology and similar activity. The study aimed to determine the involvement of the LPIN family genes in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients (n = 171) presenting with muscular symptoms, ranging from severe (CK >10 000 UI/L) or moderate (CK <10 000 UI/L) rhabdomyolysis (n = 141) to exercise‐induced myalgia (n = 30), and to report the clinical findings in patients harboring mutations.

Methods

Coding regions of LPIN1, LPIN2 and LPIN3 genes were sequenced using genomic or complementary DNAs.

Results

Eighteen patients harbored two LPIN1 mutations, including a frequent intragenic deletion. All presented with severe episodes of rhabdomyolysis, starting before age 6 years except two (8 and 42 years). Few patients also suffered from permanent muscle symptoms, including the eldest ones (≥40 years). Around 3/4 of muscle biopsies showed accumulation of lipid droplets. At least 40% of heterozygous relatives presented muscular myalgia. Nine heterozygous SNPs in LPIN family genes were identified in milder phenotypes (mild rhabdomyolysis or myalgia). These variants were non‐functional in yeast complementation assay based on respiratory activity, except the LPIN3‐P24L variant.

Conclusion

LPIN1‐related myolysis constitutes a major cause of early‐onset rhabdomyolysis and occasionally in adults. Heterozygous LPIN1 mutations may cause mild muscular symptoms. No major defects of LPIN2 or LPIN3 genes were associated with muscular manifestations.
Planning for Cross-Border Territories: The Role Played by Spatial Information
Authors: Peyrony Jean , Denert Olivier
Published: April 2012

The authors argue that cross-border territories require not only an integrated approach to development, but also a form of cross-border governance that is democratic and pursues a multi-stage strategy in order to ensure accountability towards citizens and socio-economic actors and make certain that they are acknowledged and receive support at a regional and national level. At present, relevant statistical indices are lacking for most cross-border territories. Such indices are essential, however, for establishing a shared body of regional knowledge as a basis for developing joint policies and activities. Shared border areas presuppose that development takes place on both sides in order to overcome the negative effects of borders, to fully exploit the potential arising from the development of projects, and to address the needs of the inhabitants.

This article examines the part played by spatial information in the planning of cross-border areas. It examines the concept of “cross-border territory”, shows the diverse criteria applied in European regional planning as exemplified in the border region of France and Luxemburg, and considers which tools are available—from the standpoint of multi-level governance—for this purpose. Ultimately, it is a question of addressing the needs, challenges and potential offered by spatial information in a cross-border context.
Space D*
Authors: Silveira Luan , Maffei Renan Q. , Botelho Silvia S. C. , Drews Paulo L. , Bicho Alessandro de L. , Duarte Filho Nelson L.
Published: April 2012

This paper describes a new method of path-planning for multiple robots in unknown environments. The method, called Space D*, is based on two algorithms: the D*, which is an incremental graph search algorithm, and the Space Colonization algorithm, previously used to simulate crowd behaviors. The path-planning is achieved through the exchange of information between the robots. So decentralized, each robot performs its path-planning, which provides an obstacle-free path with the least number of robots around. The major contribution of the proposed method is that it generates paths in spacious environments facilitating the control of robots and thus presenting itself in a viable way for using in areas populated with multiple robots. The results obtained validate the approach and show the advantages in comparison with using only the D* method.
Identity, intimacy, status and sex dating goals as correlates of goal‐consistent behavior and satisfaction in Australian youth
Authors: Kelly Marguerite , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Boislard‐P Marie‐Aude
Published: April 2012

The most common dating goals of adolescents are identity, intimacy, status and sex. In this study of Australian youth (16–30 years, N = 208), dating goals were expected to explain goal‐consistent behavior in each domain. Also, goals coupled with consistent behavior were expected to be associated with greater satisfaction in each domain. Age, gender, same‐sex versus other‐sex attraction, and cohabitation were also examined. The four dating goals had small intercorrelations, and for each domain but sex, youth who reported more of a dating goal also reported more goal‐consistent behavior. For identity, intimacy and sex, participants were more satisfied when they had more goal‐consistent behavior. Goal × Behavior interactions were associated with satisfaction in the domains of intimacy and sex, and identity was the most salient dating goal domain. Individual differences in goals, behavior and satisfaction were most pronounced for gender and cohabitation. Few differences were found between same‐sex and other‐sex attracted youth.
Durch Central-Brasilien
Authors: Steinen Karl von den
Published: April 2012

Karl von den Steinen (1855–1929) was a German physician, explorer and ethnologist who did pioneering work on the anthropology of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This book, published in 1886, describes the first of his two expeditions to the previously uncharted Xingu River. It begins with observations of colonial society in the coastal cities, an economic overview, and a summary of European exploration in the region. The main part of the book mixes sustained narrative and descriptive passages recounting the party's experiences with day by day journal notes on topography, geology, flora, fauna and population, incorporating weather records, river depth, arrival and departure times, and other brief but telling details (Viele Moskitos.). It includes substantial ethnographic descriptions, consideration of the local languages and their typology, and five glossaries, the most substantial being of Bakairi, for which a grammar sketch is also included. The book is generously illustrated with engravings and three maps.
A View of the History, Literature, and Religion of the Hindoos
Authors: Ward William
Published: April 2012

William Ward's account of the Hindu communities among whom he served as a Baptist missionary in Serampore in West Bengal was first published in 1811 and reprinted in this third edition in 1817. It was an extremely influential work that shaped British views of the newly defined entity of 'Hinduism' in the early nineteenth century. Ward and his fellow missionaries promoted social reforms and education, establishing the Serampore Mission Press in 1800 and Serampore College in 1818. Ward devoted twenty years to compiling his study of Hindu literature, history, mythology and religion, which was eventually published in four volumes. It provided richly detailed information, and was regarded as authoritative for the next fifty years. It is therefore still an important source for researchers in areas including Indian history, British colonialism, Orientalism and religious studies. Volume 3 focuses on the social history of India, the caste system, and birth rituals.
The Engraved Gems of Classical Times
Authors: Middleton J. Henry
Published: April 2012

This monograph on classical engraved gems, which also contains a catalogue of the collection then held by the Fitzwilliam Museum, was published in 1891. J. Henry Middleton (1846–1896) was at the time the Director of the Museum and Slade Professor of Fine Art in Cambridge. His intention was to provide an introductory volume for students of archaeology which both traced the history of the use of engraved gemstones as seals and signets from Babylonian to classical times, described the techniques used to create these miniature works of art, and gave catalogue definitions, enhanced by photographic plates, of the Fitzwilliam collection, which had for the most part been donated by Colonel W. M. Leake (1777–1860), whose antiquarian interests had been aroused when he was sent to the eastern Mediterranean to assist the Turkish army against the French in the early nineteenth century.
A History of the Arabs in the Sudan
Authors: MacMichael H. A.
Published: April 2012

H. A. MacMichael was a member of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan government between 1905 and 1933. This two-volume work, first published in 1922, is the culmination of almost twenty years' ethnological research conducted while MacMichael was stationed in various parts of Sudan. This ethnography provides detailed histories of the origins, movements and degrees of relation between indigenous groups in Sudan based on oral histories gained from interviews with local people, and on Sudanese genealogical records known as 'nisbas'. These records provide a valuable insight into the construction and fluidity of ethnic identity at a local and regional level, and have been widely used as a basis for subsequent investigations concerning identity in Sudan. Volume 2 contains translations of nisbas with an analysis of their relation to ethnic identities. This book contains opinions on ethnicity which were acceptable at the time it was first published.
Kindred and Clan in the Middle Ages and After
Authors: Phillpotts Bertha Surtees
Published: April 2012

Bertha S. Phillpotts (1863–1932) was an English historian and linguist of Scandinavia who served as the Director of Scandinavian Studies in the University of Cambridge from 1926 to 1932. First published as part of Cambridge Archaeological and Ethnological Series in 1913, this pioneering and highly influential book contains a detailed examination of kinship structures in northern Europe during the early medieval period. In this work, Phillpotts analyses the laws and literature of seven northern European countries to explore the kinship structure of their ancient societies. The references to the legal concept of 'weregild' and the description of gender hierarchies, together with the range of evidence examined, cause this work to remain of considerable relevance for the understanding of kinship systems in medieval Germanic and Scandinavian societies.
Kleine Schriften
Authors: Usener Hermann
Published: April 2012

The German scholar Hermann Usener (1834–1905) made an important contribution to nineteenth-century scholarship in the fields of philology and comparative religion. In order to recreate a picture of the religions of the Greco-Roman world he drew on elements from the fields of ethnology, phenomenology and hermeneutics. This four-volume collection of essays and reviews was published posthumously in 1912–1914. Volume 3 (1914) reveals Usener's extensive knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. It contains essays on Greek literary history and on the development of philology as an independent discipline. Usener pinpoints the time when Plato wrote Phaedrus, discusses the development of Attic theatre and contributes to the history of astronomical symbols. The volume also includes several reviews.
The Autobiography of Mrs. Alice Thornton, of East Newton, Co. York
Authors: Thornton Alice
Published: April 2012

Alice Thornton (1626–1707) was a middle-class woman who was best known for her autobiography describing the English Civil War and its effects on her life. She was the daughter of Christopher Wandesford (1592–1640), Lord Deputy of Ireland, and enjoyed a privileged upbringing. His death, followed by the Civil War, caused a crisis in the family, who eventually settled in Yorkshire in considerably straitened circumstances. This volume, first published in 1873 by the Surtees Society, contains the first published edition of Thornton's autobiography, which provides fascinating details of her life. Her relationships with her husband and children are fully described, and she writes candidly concerning her health problems, pregnancies, and the deaths of six of her nine children. Thornton also shows a keen awareness of the lack of autonomy which marriage then entailed. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=thoral
Primitive Culture
Authors: Tylor Edward Burnett
Published: April 2012

Edward Burnett Tylor (1832–1917) was an English anthropologist who is widely considered the founder of anthropology as a scientific discipline. He was the first Professor of Anthropology at the University of Oxford from 1896 to 1909, and developed a broad definition of culture which is still used by scholars. First published in 1871, this classic work explains Tylor's idea of cultural evolution in relation to anthropology, a social theory which states that human cultures invariably change over time to become more complex. Unlike his contemporaries, Tylor did not link biological evolution to cultural evolution, asserting that all human minds are the same irrespective of a society's state of evolution. His book was extremely influential in popularising the study of anthropology and establishing cultural evolution as the main theoretical framework followed by anthropologists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Volume 2 contains Tylor's interpretation of animism in society.
A Short History of the Steam Engine
Authors: Dickinson Henry Winram
Published: April 2012

A Short History of the Steam Engine, first published in 1939, remains one of the most readable and clear explanations of the topic for the non-specialist. H. W. Dickinson limits himself to stationary engines and boilers, and only touches on the beginnings of locomotive and marine engines. He puts the stages of development in their context, showing how economic and social factors were involved in the evolution of the steam engine. The illustrations are plentiful and the text, while technical, never becomes impenetrable. The successive improvements to the simple engines of the seventeenth century, as new materials or purposes arose, are developed chapter by chapter to the twentieth century. Each engineer was building on the work of his predecessors, rather than there being any single inventor of genius. Dickinson also wrote biographies of key figures of the Industrial Revolution, which are being reissued in this series.
The Ferns (Filicales)
Authors: Bower F. O.
Published: April 2012

Frederick Orpen Bower (1855–1948) was a renowned botanist best known for his research on the origins and evolution of ferns. Appointed Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow in 1885, he became a leading figure in the development of modern botany and the emerging field of paleobotany, devising the interpolation theory of the life cycle in land plants. First published between 1923 and 1928 as part of the Cambridge Botanical Handbook series, The Ferns was the first systematic classification of ferns according to anatomical, morphological and developmental features. In this three-volume work Bower analyses the major areas of comparison between different species, describes primitive and fossil ferns and compares these species to present-day fern species, providing a comprehensive description of the order. Volume 3 describes, analyses and classifies extant species of ferns.
English Naturalists from Neckam to Ray
Authors: Raven Charles E.
Published: April 2012

C. E. Raven (1885–1964) was an academic theologian elected Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge in 1932, who developed an interest in natural history and the history of scientific thought. First published in 1947, this volume demonstrates how changing attitudes to the natural world reflected and influenced the transformations in scientific thought between the medieval period and the eighteenth century. Raven's focus on the field of 'natural history' reveals how the scientific ideas behind modern biological studies developed from the richly illustrated and often fantastical bestiaries of the medieval world. The subjects of this volume are grouped chronologically into Pioneers, Explorers and Popularisers, with biographical details woven together with discussions of their academic work. The book provided a wealth of new information concerning the founders of natural history and remains a valuable contribution to this subject.
Godofredi Hermanni Opuscula
Authors: Hermann Gottfried
Published: April 2012

Gottfried Hermann's Opuscula (1827–1877) collects in eight volumes the shorter writings of this central figure of nineteenth-century classical philology. Best known for his work on Greek metrics and his editions of Aeschylus, Euripides and others, Hermann (1772–1848) drew on Kantian phenomenology as well as his own formidable understanding of ancient grammars to advance a compelling program of classical scholarship that took language itself as the primary witness to the distant past. Hermann's grammar-based scholarship drew criticism, but established him as foundational to modern philology. As Sihler wrote in 1933, 'He accepted nothing on mere authority, but investigated the causes and roots of every matter.' Volume 4 (1831) includes a treatise on the Greek particle 'an', as well as essays on Archimedes, Aeschylus, the uses of hyperbole, Greek inscriptions and metrics. This diverse collection provides fuller insight into the mind of this highly influential scholar.
Godofredi Hermanni Opuscula
Authors: Hermann Gottfried
Published: April 2012

Gottfried Hermann's Opuscula (1827–1877) collects in eight volumes the shorter writings of this central figure of nineteenth-century classical philology. Best known for his work on Greek metrics and his editions of Aeschylus, Euripides and others, Hermann (1772–1848) drew on Kantian phenomenology as well as his own formidable understanding of ancient grammars to advance a compelling program of classical scholarship that took language itself as the primary witness to the distant past. Hermann's grammar-based scholarship drew criticism, but established him as foundational to modern philology. As Sihler wrote in 1933, 'He accepted nothing on mere authority, but investigated the causes and roots of every matter.' Volume 8 (1877), edited by Theodor Fritzsche, contains works written between 1839 and Hermann's death, including important essays on Aeschylus, Pindar and Euripides, reviews, and occasional verse. This diverse collection provides fuller insight into the mind of this highly influential scholar.
New College, Oxford
Authors: Prickard Arthur Octavius , New Edmund H.
Published: April 2012

Published during the golden decade before the Great War left an indelible mark on fellows and undergraduates alike, New College, Oxford (1906) is a sensitive and affectionate history of an ancient institution in a modern world. Himself a fellow of the college, A. O. Prickard conveys the image of an educational family whose purpose rose 'above the needs of the life of its members' in order to make a valuable contribution to both society and scholarship. Keen to promote the college's ongoing relevance in the new century, Prickard does not allow his fascination with its history to degenerate into nostalgia. As the author himself explains, Oxford is 'a place of visions and dreams, which float about, but do not encumber the earnest life of the present'. Such contentions combine with Edmund New's informal sketches to create an informative, picturesque and often surprising account.
Annals of the Reformation and Establishment of Religion
Authors: Strype John
Published: April 2012

The ecclesiastical historian John Strype (1643–1737) published the second volume of his monumental Elizabethan religious history Annals of the Reformation in 1725. For over two and a half centuries it remained one of the most important Protestant histories of the period and has been reprinted in numerous editions. Volume 2 Part 2 covers the years 1575 to 1580 focusing on European diplomacy; friendship with the Netherlands; difficulties with Mary Queen of Scots; the Queen's suitors; relations with the English episcopate; events at the University of Cambridge; and the printing of vernacular books. An appendix contains a rich selection of primary sources - state papers, official proclamations, royal records, and letters - for the period. Strype's thorough use of sources and the enormous scope and detail of his history has ensured its place as an outstanding work of eighteenth-century scholarship. It should be read by every student of Elizabethan religious history.
The Crisis of the Sugar Colonies
Authors: Stephen James
Published: April 2012

Written as four public letters, this book condemns the intention by the French to reinstate older slavery practices on its colonies in the West Indies. James Stephen (1758–1832) was a lawyer who, after moving to St Kitts with his family to earn a living, became a supporter of the abolition movement. On his return to London in 1794, Stephen became involved with the anti-slavery group, the Clapham Sect, whose members included William Wilberforce, and with whom Stephen developed a lifelong friendship. Elected as a Member of Parliament in 1808, Stephen contributed to drafting legislation for slave registration on the island of Trinidad, which became a model for other slave colonies. Stephen believed that the reinstatement of older slavery practices on French colonies in the West Indies would lead to slave revolts, and have significant consequences for the neighbouring British colonies. This work was published in London in 1802.
Account of the Native Africans in the Neighbourhood of Sierra Leone
Authors: Winterbottom Thomas
Published: April 2012

Sierra Leone in West Africa is the subject of this 1803 work by English physician Thomas Winterbottom (1766–1859). In the 1790s he spent four years there working for the Sierra Leone Company (established by abolitionists to resettle ex-slaves), and combating diseases such as malaria and scurvy. He displays none of the pejorative views of Africa or its inhabitants that some of his contemporaries expressed, but has a very positive opinion of the country. Winterbottom describes the women as beautiful and graceful, and he dismisses racial differentiations based on skin colour as being absurd. In Volume 1 he draws a many-faceted picture of the climate, history and traditions of Sierra Leone, describing the limited diet of the inhabitants (consisting mainly of rice and palm oil), and seeking to give scientific answers to such questions as why the hair of the inhabitants is mostly of a 'woolly' type.
History of the Buccaneers of America
Authors: Burney James
Published: April 2012

Captain James Burney (1750–1821), the son of the musicologist Dr Charles Burney and brother of the novelist Fanny Burney, was a well-travelled sailor, best known for A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean (1803–1817), of which this work formed a part. It was subsequently republished separately, and is here taken from the edition of 1907. Burney concentrates on the activities of the buccaneers on the Pacific coast of South America and in the East Indies, as well as in the Caribbean, describing how their piracy was tolerated, and even encouraged, by the English and French because it was generally aimed at Spanish possessions. The book covers the period from the first European settlements in the Caribbean up to 1700, and includes anecdotes about the activities and lifestyle of the buccaneers, and the relationships between the European powers and their new colonies.
Radical Islam and the Revival of Medieval Theology
Authors: Lav Daniel
Published: April 2012

With a scope that bridges the gap between the study of classical Islam and the modern Middle East, this book uncovers a profound theological dimension in contemporary Islamic radicalism and explores the continued relevance of medieval theology to modern debates. Based on an examination of the thought of the medieval scholar Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), the book demonstrates how long-standing fault lines within Sunni Islam have resurfaced in the past half-century to play a major role in such episodes as the Qutbist controversy within the Muslim Brotherhood, the split between radical salafīs and politically quietist ones, the renunciation of militancy by Egyptian and Libyan jihadist groups, and the radicalization of the insurgency in the North Caucasus. This work combines classical Islamic scholarship with a deep familiarity with contemporary radicalism and offers compelling new insights into the structure of modern radical Islam.
Mont Pelée and the Tragedy of Martinique
Authors: Heilprin Angelo
Published: April 2012

The geologist and explorer Angelo Heilprin (1853–1907) was one of the first scientists to climb the erupting volcano Mont Pelée in 1902. This study, published the following year, records his on-the-spot observations and the scientific data he collected. The erupting volcano tragically destroyed the city of St Pierre, transforming the tropical paradise of Martinique into disastrous chaos. Heilprin's account includes close-range photographs of the erupting volcano taken by the author himself, illustrating the various phases of its activity. These famous photographs are still widely used today. Heilprin pays tribute to the people of the island, describing the courteous assistance he received during his visits. He compares the Pelée eruptions with Mount Vesuvius and its effects on Pompeii, providing important historical context. The book is recognised as being the most thorough study of the eruption sequence and its consequences - one of the greatest natural disasters of the twentieth century.
The Golden State in the Civil War
Authors: Matthews Glenna
Published: April 2012

This book breaks new ground, not only in its coverage of California, but also in its treatment of the role of cultural links in enhancing national loyalty, in its attention to many groups of people of color, including Chinese and Latinos, and what happened to them during the Civil War. In addition, the book devotes attention to the ebb and flow of the two political parties and to the little-known fact that nearly 17,000 California men and women volunteered for military service on behalf of the Union. Glenna Matthews broadens understanding of the Civil War era both in terms of geography and in terms of social groupings.
Perfecting Pregnancy
Authors: Karpin Isabel , Savell Kristin
Published: April 2012

Prenatal and preimplantation testing technologies have offered unprecedented access to information about the genetic and congenital makeup of our prospective progeny. Future developments such as preconception testing, non-intrusive prenatal testing and more extensive preimplantation testing promise to increase that access further still. The result may be greater reproductive choice, but it also increases the burden on women and men to avail themselves of these technologies in order to avoid having a child with a disability. The overwhelming question for legislators has been whether and, if so, how to regulate the use of these technologies in the face of compelling but seemingly contradictory claims about the advancement of reproductive choice and the dangers of eugenic or discriminatory effects. This book examines the evolution of this legislative oversight across a number of jurisdictions and explores the tensions and ambiguities that inform these laws.
Lake Superior
Authors: Agassiz Louis
Published: April 2012

Written by Swiss–born geologist and explorer Louis Agassiz (1807–73), this 1850 publication was the first detailed scientific account of the natural phenomena of Lake Superior. Agassiz, who became a professor at Harvard and later founded the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, was the first scientist to suggest that the earth had experienced an ice age. In the summer of 1848 he led an expedition of his students to Lake Superior, to examine the northern shores, which had previously received very little attention from scientists. The artist James Elliot Cabot (1821–1903), who was included in the party, wrote the 'narrative' of the tour to accompany the scientific report, and this makes up the first part of the work. The rest of the book describes the geological phenomena and zoological distribution in and around the lake, comparing it with similar regions of the world.
Histoire de la Révolution Française
Authors: Blanc Louis
Published: April 2012

Louis Blanc (1811–82) was a French historian and politician whose writings had a considerable influence on the development of French socialism. In his famous Organisation du travail (1839) he called for social reform by action of the State, an unusual position at the time. As a member of the provisional government established after the 1848 Revolution, he campaigned for workers' rights, advocating the creation of cooperative workshops. His twelve-volume Histoire de la Révolution Française (1847–62), most of which he wrote while in exile in England, combines years of thorough research with Blanc's characteristic socialist and republican enthusiasm. Volume 12, first published in 1862, focuses on the period of the 'White Terror', during which royalist forces attacked Jacobins and their suspected allies. It covers the social implications of the Revolution, and concludes with the end of the National Convention, which had governed France between 1792 and 1795.
History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth
Authors: Froude James Anthony
Published: April 2012

James Anthony Froude (1818–94), historian and disciple of Carlyle, published this twelve-volume history of the English Reformation between 1858 and 1870. The work is shaped by Froude's firm belief that the Reformation enabled the development of modernity and the rise of 'progressive intelligence' in England. His polemical stance was criticised by some historians, but his engaging narrative style and elegant prose made his work extremely popular with the general public, and the books were highly influential. The first six volumes consider the course of the Reformation from the break with Rome until the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, and the remaining six recount the reign of Elizabeth I, ending with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Volume 3 concerns the foreign and domestic aspects of the Reformation, the Pilgrimage of Grace, Anne of Cleves, and the fall of Thomas Cromwell.
History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth
Authors: Froude James Anthony
Published: April 2012

James Anthony Froude (1818–94), historian and disciple of Carlyle, published this twelve-volume history of the English Reformation between 1858 and 1870. The work is shaped by Froude's firm belief that the Reformation enabled the development of modernity and the rise of 'progressive intelligence' in England. His polemical stance was criticised by some historians, but his engaging narrative style and elegant prose made his work extremely popular with the general public, and the books were highly influential. The first six volumes consider the course of the Reformation from the break with Rome until the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, and the remaining six recount the reign of Elizabeth I, ending with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Volume 7 considers religious issues at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, difficulties with Spain and the Catholic threat, and war with France.
Hodge and his Masters
Authors: Jefferies Richard
Published: April 2012

Richard Jefferies (1848–87) remains one of the most thoughtful and most lyrical writers on the English countryside. He had aspirations to make a living as a novelist, but it was his short, factually based articles for The Live Stock Journal and other magazines, drawn from a wealth of knowledge of the rural community into which he had been born, which, when brought together in book form, brought him recognition (though not wealth), and which continued to be read and admired after his early death. This two-volume work, first published in 1880, contains a collection of essays first published in The Standard. Jefferies describes the daily life and circumstances of Victorian English farmers, labourers and their wives without sentimentality, illustrating daily hardships as well as idyllic pastimes, and providing an accurate and thus valuable description of a now vanished way of life.
The History of England from the Accession of James II
Authors: Macaulay Thomas Babington
Published: April 2012

Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59) was one of the foremost nineteenth-century historians in the Whig tradition, which saw history as a series of developments towards enlightenment and democracy. He believed that the 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688 had preserved England from the constitutional upheavals suffered by much of Europe in 1848. Using a wider range of sources, including popular literature, than was then usual, and written in an accessible, novelistic rather than academic style, this five-volume work proved hugely influential upon contemporary historians and phenomenally successful with the public, although it was not without its critics. Volume 5 was unfinished at the author's death; the text was edited by Macaulay's sister, Lady Trevelyan, and published in 1861. It covers the period from 1697 until 1702, and includes a description of the death, in 1702, of William, regarded by Lady Trevelyan as her brother's hero.
Corruption and Reform in India
Authors: Bussell Jennifer
Published: April 2012

Why do some governments improve public services more effectively than others? Through the investigation of a new era of administrative reform, in which digital technologies may be used to facilitate citizens' access to the state, Jennifer Bussell's analysis provides unanticipated insights into this fundamental question. In contrast to factors such as economic development or electoral competition, this study highlights the importance of access to rents, which can dramatically shape the opportunities and threats of reform to political elites. Drawing on a sub-national analysis of twenty Indian states, a field experiment, statistical modeling, case studies, interviews of citizens, bureaucrats and politicians, and comparative data from South Africa and Brazil, Bussell shows that the extent to which politicians rely on income from petty and grand corruption is closely linked to variation in the timing, management and comprehensiveness of reforms.