bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conditions and Causes of Pie Ablaut
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

Ex hypothese, all patterned alternations are the result of conditioned sound change. However, since vowel gradation was already a feature of PIE, it must be the outcome of processes which took place well back in its history, and it is natural that the conditions and causes of these remote developments should be involved in obscurity. Only one matter is reasonably clear, namely the relation of the full grade to the zero grade forms: there is an association between full grade (especially e-grade) and the tonic accent, while zero grades of roots and affixes occur in formations when the tonic accent is elsewhere. In Vedic, where the position of the PIE accent is best preserved, this relation between accent and gradation is most apparent: thus ds-ti ‘is’ but s-dnti ‘they are’. To the root “yewg- ‘join’: “yuk-to- > Ved. yuktd- pple.; n-infix pres. “yu­ ne-g-mi ‘I yoke’ > yundjmi (for “yundgmi, by leveling); “yu-n-g-enti 3PL > yuiijdnti; add to this “yewg-m11 > G fEv-yµ G fu-yov (= Ved. yugd-). Germanic, through the indirect medium of Verner’s Law (139), corroborates the main outlines of the Vedic system: to the root “wert- ‘turn, roll’, PGmc. “werp- pres. and “warp- pret.sg. match root- accented Ved. vdrt- pres. and vavdrt- perf.sg., whereas PGmc. “wurtl-- pret. pl. and “wurtl-ana- pple. agree with Ved. vavr;t(-md) (1pl.)perf. and vr;t-td-pple., whose accents are elsewhere.
Stops
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

Three SERIES of stops are reconstructed for PIE: voiceless, voiced, and what are conventionally known as voiced aspirated (“bh, “dh, and so on). The phonetics of the first two types are tolerably certain, but the voiced aspirated series will require some discussion. Recently, in fact, a number of suggestions have been made for rethinking the whole system (133). The status of a fourth series of stops in PIE, a voiceless aspirated series (“ph, “th, and so on), is an ongoing question. There are several lines of argument for reconstructing this series, all of them valueless. Although five distinct POINTS OF ARTICULATION are shown here, including three dorsals (taking the voiceless series “k, “k, and “P by way of example), no more than two of the latter are required from the stand point of G and L, or of any single IE language. The literal truth of a three place system (plain velar stops in addition to palatal and labiovelar stops) for the sound inventory of the parent speech may be questioned on its face. The evidence for the “k (‘plain velar’) series is mostly of two kinds: One involves etyma in which the plain velar is adjacent to an “r, “li, or high back rounded vocoids (“ii and “w).
Liquids, Nasals, and Glides.
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

Greek. The loss of PIE and ‘w between vowels in G leaves few traces. However, because the loss of y was earlier than the loss of ‘w, there are differences in the details of the contraction of the resulting vowel sequences, as set forth in 86. When immediately following a consonant, y precipitated wholesale palatalizations, in the course of which the glide as such disappeared (195-207). 2. LATIN. In L, PIE y and w survive initially, and w (‘consonantal u’, herein anachronistically written v) remained a glide, phonetically, until early in the Romance period. L orthography obscures the facts of intervocalic w--before which all short vowels became u (66.5)--by shunning the sequence -uu- (-vv-), so usual fur, minuo, monufinstead of the more accurate fuv minuvii, monuvf. Italian vedova, Genova as reflexes of L vidua ‘widow’ (PIE’widheweH2) and Genua are revealing. In Indo-Iranian, PIE ‘rand t merge. The resulting liquid was r-like in Iranian and the western dialects of Indic, but /-like in eastern Indic. The bulk of our Skt. Texts are from r-dialects. Dialect borrowing from eastern dialects, scanty in the Rigveda but increasing markedly already in the later Vedic texts, results in doublets in Sanskrit, such as rabh- and labh- both ‘seize’. These are often differentiated semantically, however, as in laghu- ‘light’ vs. raghu- ‘speedy’ (both from ‘lt;gwhu-; 95, 163). But most cases of l in Indic are in words borrowed from Dravidian and other non-Indic languages.
Greek
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

spellings like po-pi ‘with feet’ have been interpreted as propr0i, namely, with assimilation of the stem-final stop to the point of articulation of the ending. The reasoning is that heterorganic clusters are written in such forms as te-ko-to-ne (tektones nom.pl.) ‘craftsmen’, wa-na-ka-to (ivanaktos gen.sg.) ‘prince’. But it is thinkable that po-pi and the like simply stood for potphi or pothphi, parallel to pe-mo ‘seed’ for spermo, Toa-tu ‘city’ for ivastu. The crucial forms are in any case very few in number.
Nasal + Consonant
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

Nasal + STOP. A nasal is assimilated to the point of articulation of a following stop. There was no special letter for the dorsal nasal [JJ] (as in NE sini; in the G alphabets or those derived from them; the sound was indicated in G by -y and in L by n (or in special cases g; 22oaf The same thing is true of our PIE reconstructions: what we write as PIE ‘penkwe ‘five’ was phonetically [peukwe] if not [peuwkwe]. The phonetics of the nasal remained unchanged in L qufnque [kwi:ukwe]; in the reflexes in other IE languages, the PIE ‘[IJ(w)] changed in accordance with the changes in the following *P: G 1revTE and 1reµ1rE, Ved. pdiica, Go.Jim!, W pimp. From avv-: G avµ{3od.vw ‘come together’, av-y-yEv c; ‘congenital’, av-yxew ‘pour together’. PIE *(d)k1t1t6m ‘hundred’ > L centum ‘hundred’ : Lith. fimtas.
Groups Containing a Liquid
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

Medial “-ti- became Ital. “-kl-, -cl-, followed by the development of an anaptytic vowel: poculum ‘drinking cup’ < pocolom < poclom (often so scanned in Plaut., as were many words normally -culum, -cula at a later date), this from “peHrtlo-. This development is mainly connected with the ‘tool’ suffix “-tlo-, including such unobvious items as saeculum ‘clan; age’ = W hoed!, originally “‘bond, cord’ < PIE “sH2ey-t!om < “sH2ey- ‘bind’. 0 puklum acc. ‘son’ superimposes precisely on Ved. putra-Av. pu0ra- (cf. Latv. putns ‘bird’ < ? “‘chick’; cf. L putlus, c below). -A similar development is seen in Baltic, as Lith. arklas ‘plow’ < “arakla- < “H2erHrtlo-. But Finnish kantele (a kind of musical instrument), a lw. from PBalt. “kant!a” (as in Latv. kuokle, Lith. kafikles) proves that the original cluster still remained at the time of Baltic and Finnie contact. A complication is considered in c, below.
Final Consonants
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

The word-final stops in ck, ovk, kolt, air are only apparent exceptions, as these forms are proclitic upon the following word; phonologically speaking, that is, the stops in question are medial, not final.
S-Stems
Authors: L.Sihler Andrew
Published: November 2023

In PIE there was a heterogeneous group of nouns and adjectives built to stems ending in -s-. These include the so-called comparative suffix “-yos- (treated in 349-54) and the marker of the stative (perfect) participle, “-wos- (treated in 561-2). Here we will treat a few root forms, the much larger group of derived s-stem nouns, and the adjectives based on them. The two or three primary s-stem adjectives seen in Vedic do not correspond to anything in G and L. NEUTER NOUNS. Where the derivation is transparent, neut. s-stem nouns were built to the tonic e-grades of verb roots. The stem had the form “-os in the (endingless) nom./acc.sg., “-os < ““-osH2 in the nom./acc.pl; the stem of the remaining cases and numbers was an invariant “-es-. Thus, from the root “genH, ‘beget’, the inflection of “genHros ‘race, type’ went as follows:
Convergence of Productivity
Authors: Baumol William J , Nelson Richard R , Wolff Edward N
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive study is a collection of original articles that view the current state of knowledge of the convergence hypothesis. The hypothesis asserts that at least since the Second World War, and perhaps for a considerable period before that, the group of industrial countries was growing increasingly homogeneous in terms of levels of productivity, technology and per capita incomes. In addition, there was general catch up toward the leader, with gradual erosion of the gap between the leader country, the U.S., throughout most of the pertinent period, and that of the countries lagging most closely behind it. The book examines patterns displayed by individual industries within countries as well as the aggregate economies, various influences that underlie the process of convergence that seems to have occurred, and the role that convergence has played and promises to play in the future of the newly industrialized nations and the less developed countries. Much of the analysis is set in a historical perspective, with particular attention paid to the record following World War II. The prestigious editors conclude that increasing productivity is the key to rising living standards in a globalized marketplace. Contributors include: Moses Abramovitz, Alice M. Amsden, Magnus Blomstrom, David Dollar, Takashi Hikino, Gregory Ingram, William Lazonick, Frank Lichtenberg, Robert E. Lipsey, Angus Maddison, Gavin Wright, and Mario Zejan.
Multivariate Growth Patterns: Contagion and Common Forces as Possible Sources of Convergence
Authors: Baumol William J
Published: November 2023

The homogenization form of the convergence hypothesis can be described as the proposition that there are economic forces leading different coubtries' productivity levels (and thus their living standards) gradually to close ranks. Recent empirical research provides substantial support for this conjecture, at least for the performance of the more aflluent economies over the last half-century and, very probably, for an interval more than twice that length of time. The primary purpose of this chapter is to survey the substance of this recent literature rather than to offer any new contributions.
Social Indicators and Productivity Convergence in Developing Countries
Authors: Ingram Gregory K
Published: November 2023

Much of the analysis of productivity convergence has addressed some aspect of it in industrialized countries. The approach here is broader in two respects. First, although some information is presented on productivity measures, much of the data analyzed here deals with other measures of performance that will be referred to collectively as social indicators. These indicators are not narrowly economic but include indices of outcomes, such as life expectancy; indices of the availability ofinputs, such as doctors per capita; indices that could be labeled as inputs or outcomes, such as per-capita caloric intake of food; and measures of government expenditure patterns. Second, the sample of countries examined is large and includes 21 high-income countries and up to 88 developing countries, depending on the availability ofdata for the particular variables and time periods. The years covered for each variable fall within the period 1960 to 1985, with a few variables covering virtually the whole interval and some others available for only a few years within this period.
Interplanetary Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Burlaga L F
Published: November 2023

Spacecraft have explored the interplanetary medium between the orbits of Mercury and Pluto, revealing the exotic and beautiful nature of the environment of our planet and sun. This book summarizes the principle results of these historic expeditions. Magnetohydrodynamics provides the framework for interpreting the observations, and the observations have greatly enriched the subject of magnetohydrodynamics. Numerous figures in the book illustrate the essential observations and fundamental concepts. Simple equations summarize basic physical and phenomenological relations observed in the interplanetary medium. Fundamental objects observed in the interplanetary medium include various types of MHD shocks, tangenital and rotational discontinuities, and force-free field configurations. Fundamental processes observed in the interplanetary medium include the interaction among shocks (which can be classified using catastrophic theory), the formation of merged interaction region regions associated with various types of flows, the destruction of flows, the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and formation of a heliospheric vortex street, the development of multifractal fluctuations on various scales, and the evolution of multifractal intermittent turbulence. These physical objects and processes are of fundamental interest in themselves. The knowledge about them derived from interplanetary investigations has applications to magnetospheric physics, solar physics, cosmic ray physics and astrophysics. The book contains an extensive set of reference that gives the readers access to the detailed results in the literature.
The Welfare of Children
Authors: Lindsey Duncan
Published: November 2023

Today, the wealthiest country in the world, the United States, has more children living in poverty than any other industrialized nation. Furthermore, the United States, which pioneered strategies to prevent child abuse and which now spends more money fighting child abuse than all other industrialized countries, has the highest rate of child abuse. What should we do to change these discouraging facts? Should we blame the parents? Should we blame those working in the child welfare field? Do we have a collective responsibility to safeguard the futures of these children? If so, what form should this collective responsibility take? In this unique contribution to the study of the child welfare system in North America, Duncan Lindsey provides a critical but heartfelt look into the current situation for children. He closely examines the current ‘residual’ system of child welfare in which the system functions as a last resort to handle only the worst and most dramatic cases. Given the current avalanche of child abuse and neglect reports, the public child welfare system has been transformed into a child protection system limited to investigating child abuse reports and occasionally removing children from their families and placing them in foster care. While the system has seen periods of progress, it is no longer able to cope with the overwhelming destitution of poor and impoverished children. Today, the child welfare system confronts the challenge to act collectively to develop opportunities for the millions of children whose welfare and future are being currently neglected. The system must be restored to its original mandate of broadly ensuring children’s economic security and opportunities. Lindsey examines the examines the successes and failures of the current child welfare system, and proposes new approaches to achieve comprehensive reform of the public child welfare system to allow for greater achievements for children. If taken seriously, Lindsey’s suggestions for the future could virtually end poverty among children, breaking the cycle of abuse and neglect.
Alexander U. Boskovitch and the Quest for an Israeli National Musical Style
Authors: Hirshberg Jehoash
Published: November 2023

The period from 1931 to 1938 was marked by a major upheaval in the musical scene of the Jewish community of Palestine (the Yishuv). Scores of well-trained and fully professional musicians as well as a sophisticated and discriminating audience arrived from Central Europe to Palestine during this time, with the local musical establishment becoming dramatically more vibrant and diversified as a result. Within less than a decade, the Palestine Orchestra (nowadays the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra), 1 the Palestine Broadcast Service and professional chamber ensembles were all founded. There also came into being a community of some thirty migrant composers whose promising careers in Europe had been ended with the ascent to power of antisemitic regimes.2 Upon arrival in Palestine they not only had to go through the agony of resettlement common to all immigrants but were immediately faced with the challenge of leading the way toward the formation of a national musical style. Yet the components and traits of such a style were shrouded in controversy and ideological polemics.
Prisoner Of History
Authors: Henry Madeleine M
Published: November 2023

According to legend, Aspasia of Miletus was a courtesan, the teacher of Socrates, and the political adviser of her lover Pericles. Next to Sappho and Cleopatra, she is the best known woman of the ancient Mediterranean. Yet continued uncritical reception of her depiction in Attic comedy and naive acceptance of Plutarch’s account of her in his Life of Pericles prevent us from understanding who she was and what her contributions to Greek thought may have been. Madeleine Henry combines traditional philological and historical methods of analysis with feminist critical perspectives, in order to trace the construction of Aspasia’s biographical tradition from ancient times to the present. Through her analysis of both literary and political evidence, Henry determines the ways in which Aspasia has become an icon of the sexually attractive and politically influential female, how this construction has prevented her from taking her rightful place as a contributor to the philosophical enterprise, and how continued belief in this icon has helped sexualize all women’s intellectual achievements. This is the first work to study Aspasia’s biographical tradition from ancient Greece to the present day.
Slaying the Suitor
Authors: MacDonald Dennis Ronald
Published: November 2023

Ancient readers knew Book 22 of The Odyssey as the mnesterophonia, ‘the slaying of the suitors’, in which Odysseus finally revealed his identity to his rivals and slew them with the help of Telemachus and his faithful servants. Chapters 51–64 of the Andrean Passion roughly correspond to the mnesterophonia insofar as Maximilla, Stratocles, and Aegeates continue to play out their roles as transvalued Penelope, Telemachus, and Odysseus. But unlike in The Odyssey, here the protagonist is the victim, not the victor. Like most other apostles in the apocryphal Acts and their Lord, Andrew suffers martyrdom; indeed at points one detects the influence of The Acts of Peter, which narrates the crucifixion of Andrew’s brother.1 But the most obvious hypotext behind Passion 51–64 is Plato’s Phaedo, the death of Socrates, evidence of which appeared in the previous chapter in connection with the prison visits of lphidama, Maximilla, and Stratocles.
The Origin Of Everyday Moods
Authors: Thayer Robert E
Published: November 2023

Caffeine. Candy. Sex. Shopping. Smoking. Whether we realize it or not, all of us have strategies for self-medicating ourselves when we feel threatened or overwhelmed by tension or tiredness. But why does one person respond to pressure by going for a five-mile run, while another indulges in a five-hour drinking marathon? Why do some of us crave companionship, while others just want to be alone? And what really helps most to reduce tension and increase energy, a brisk ten-minute walk, twenty minutes of meditation, or two hours of watching TV? In this fascinating new book, nationally known psychologist Robert E. Thayer serves as an expert guide through the latest research into moods and mood management, offering proven techniques for putting today’s most important breakthroughs to work in our day-to-day lives. Thayer, whose own work on the biopsychology of moods has been widely discussed in the leading scientific journals - as well as in the pages of Reader’s Digest, Prevention, USA Today, McCall’s, Good Housekeeping, Men’s Health, Redbook, and hundreds of other magazines and newspapers - evaluates the hard scientific evidence as he reveals which behaviors energize and empower us, and which sabotage our best interests. (Just five or ten minutes of walking, for example, can enhance mood for an hour or more, while sugar snacking, Thayer shows, causes more tension than it reduces.) Thayer argues that when we learn to see moods as vital barometers of our whole psychology and physiology, rather than mysterious, purely emotional reactions to events around us, we not only understand ourselves better, we have the opportunity to substantially improve our personal effectiveness, both mentally and physically. Thayer offers compelling evidence that our moods - particularly feelings of energy and tension - are closely tied to the rhythms of our evolutionary past. They are directly affected by our health, the food we eat, the amount of sleep we get, exercise (or lack of it), and the time of day. We learn why problems seem more serious late at night, and why a simple disagreement with a co-worker or spouse is more apt to turn into an emotional flare-up at certain times of day. We investigate key differences in the most common ways men and women deal with bad moods, and probe the implications of these findings on our understanding of alcoholism and depression. Far from a shallow quick fix book, Everyday Moods: Energy and Tension is an in-depth exploration of the origins and influences of moods that affect us every day of our lives. It brings readers to a new understanding of the underlying biology of their daily cycles of energy and tension, and offers powerful recommendations for breaking self-destructive habits and leading a richer, more enjoyable life.
A Theory of Mood
Authors: Thayer Robert E
Published: November 2023

We can think of the body as having at least two general arousal systems involving many closely interrelated physiological and psychological processes. These range from simple metabolic processes and elemental biochemical reactions to more complex psychophysiological systems-the cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal-muscular, and endocrine. The brain is certainly involved, with its neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory biochemistry, and on a conscious level are thoughts, what scientists call cognitive processes.
The Relationship Between Mood and Thoughts
Authors: Thayer Robert E
Published: November 2023

Viewing cognitive or thinking processes as all-powerful controllers of behavior has lately been popular and scientifically fashionable.1 Many people believe in the power of positive thinking, and in many respects this is an important element of applied cognitive psychology.2 Thoughts are likely to influence mood in a complex way. They affect energy levels only to a limited degree, although they probably have a substantial effect on tension.
Rational Mood Substitution: Exercise More and Indulge Less
Authors: Thayer Robert E
Published: November 2023

People do a variety of things to regulate their mood, and a common method is to eat. This activity is quite evident at my university at around 4:00 P.M., the time that many people experience an afternoon slump in energy but when their demanding schedules are still stressful. The local snack area is filled with students eating muffins, cookies, ice cream, or any other foods they feel will give them a lift. I suspect that if we could observe these same people for the rest of the day, this snacking pattern would hold at other low-energy times as well. A few hours after dinner, when students begin to get tired but still have to study, we would see trips to the refrigerator or wherever else snacks are kept. Diets are very difficult to maintain on these occasions, as the motive to avoid tense-tiredness is powerful.
Moods at Different Times of Day
Authors: Thayer Robert E
Published: November 2023

People, consciously or not, self-regulate their bad moods (tense tiredness) by means of various activities, from exercise and specific methods of reducing tension to smoking, eating, and drinking alcohol. Self-regulating everyday moods is at once both a simple and a complex process. In some cases, moods can be changed by un complicated activities such as taking a walk, chatting with a friend, or eating something if a meal is missed. A bit more complicated are the various stress management techniques such as meditation or deep muscle relaxation.
A Review of the Origin and Self-Regulation of Everyday Moods
Authors: Thayer Robert E
Published: November 2023

Understanding and controlling everyday moods can add substantially to the pleasure of living. Our moods determine whether or not we are satisfied with our lives, whether we are productive or unproductive, whether we live each day with enthusiasm or give up in despair. Our moods are more important than the personal issues and other events that confront us daily. For, in the final analysis, it is our reactions to life events, not the events themselves that count the most. And these reactions are filtered through our prevailing moods.
Philodemus on Censorship, Moral Utility, and Formalism in Poetry
Authors: Asmis Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Heraclitus thought that Homer and Archilochus should be “thrown out of the contests and flogged” (EK TWV aywvwv EK aAAec0at Kat paTT{{ec0at).1 More than four centuries later, the censor with his rod appears again in Philodemus’ On Poems. Philodemus objects that the demand for usefulness in a poem EKpaTT{{ei, “flogs out” or “expels with the rod,” the most beautiful poems.2 In the intervening centuries, Plato had proposed a sweeping program of censorship which would have eliminated most, if not all, of the best loved poems of the Greeks. Plato’s influence persisted throughout the Hellenistic period; but it also prompted a strong reaction. A number ofliterary theorists argued for an emancipation of poetry from morality. Among them were those who demanded complete freedom of thought for the poet.
Constructing a Simulation
Authors: Joy David C
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, we will develop a Monte Carlo simulation of a random walk (sometimes called a “drunken walk,” after its most popular mode of experimental investigation). Although this particular problem is only loosely related to the studies of electron beam interactions that follow, the model that we will develop provides a convenient way of establishing a framework for those subsequent simulations. It also illustrates the general principles of programming to be followed in this book and introduces some of the important practical details associated with constructing and running such models on a personal computer.
Modern Trinitarian Perspectives
Authors: Thompson John
Published: November 2023

Thompson provides a survey of modern thought on the doctrine of the Trinity, which has recently enjoyed a revival of interest. He examines the work of important theologians and their views on the relationship of the trinitarian doctrine to Scripture, the Church, philosophy, politics, and society.
J
Authors: Ellis Peter Berresford
Published: November 2023

Jowan Chy an Hor. John of Chyanhor. The only folktale surviving in the Cornish language; originally set down by Nicholas Boson of Newlyn in the seventeenth century. For some time it was thought to have been a composition by his son John Boson. Considered to be a medieval tale, Jowan Chy an Hor is similar to a tale recorded from oral transmission in Popular Tales of the West Highlands by John F. Campbell (1860-1862) and reprinted as Na Tri Chomhairlean (The Three Counsels) in More Tales of the West Highlands in 1940. There is also a Breton version of the tale published by Roparz Hermon in Gwalarn no 20. The Celtic scholar Professor Ludwig Muelhausen published a study of the tale in Die Kornishe Geshichte von der dreiguten ratschwiigen.
The Craving for Authority: Authentication and Redemption
Authors: Snodgrass Chris
Published: November 2023

BEARDSLEY clearly demonstrated, in the words of one contemporary, “an almost spiteful delight in snatching the mask from the face of conventionality and coming down with an unqualified bang on the most tender of Mrs. Grundy’s toes” (Strong 89-90). But at the same time, paradoxically, he manifested an equally strong need to affirm (and be affirmed by) some higher authority, whether it was canonical father figures, a Religion of Art, or the tradition-steeped Catholic Church. His friend and one-time studio mate Will Rothenste in testified that although Beardsley ridiculed conventionality and “spokeenormities,” his “startling” cynicism was an affectation (Memories 1: 134). However much he paraded his ostentatious iconoclasm, other aspects of his personal temperament and aesthetic tastes including a reverence for the elitist eighteenth century and a preference for a reticent (even quasi-puritanical) style of dandyism-placed him on the more conservative side of fin-de siecle artistic revolutions. In fact, certain French sympathies notwithstanding, Beardsley’s highly ironical art was, according to Holbrook Jackson, more “art for the sake of life” than the detached “art for art’s sake” he ostensibly espoused (33).1
The Beardsleyan Dandy: Icon of Grotesque Beauty
Authors: Snodgrass Chris
Published: November 2023

DANDYISM-the implicit doctrine of Oscar Wilde, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, and much of the Decadence-was the style of life Beardsley most admired, and of all his figures, the dandy most incarnates his paradoxical iconoclastic authoritarianism. Beardsley routinely employed the “madness” of the grotesque as a kind of tongue-in cheek visual repudiation of the smugly “sane” bourgeois world; and certainly his bizarre dandy figures, often depicted as grotesque themselves, reflect that rebuke. But they represent much more, embodying a wide spectrum of the vexing ironies of Beardsley’s art. Indeed, his dandies stand as a plethora of contradictions, combining and orchestrating both the grotesque disorientations of the cultural antihero and the recuperating elegance and control of Art. The dandy becomes for Beardsley not only an emblem for his own split sensibility but an icon for his evolving “dandiacal” artistic styles-styles that, like the dandy, effected a caricature of cultural meaning.
The Rhetoric of Parody: Signing and Resigning the Canon
Authors: Snodgrass Chris
Published: November 2023

HAVINO embraced various strains of Classical, Gothic, and Japanese “revivals” enthusiastically, late Victorian art was unusually conscious of the cultural and canonical foundations on which it rested. Casts of marble were an almost obligatory part of many artists’ studios; indeed, Lawrence Alma-Tadema, who had admired the Elgin Marbles since his first visit to London in 1862, had a complete, small replica of the Parthenon frieze running around one room of his Townshend House (Spalding 38). The fin de siecle was in many respects, however, less a “renaissance” of past values, as it often considered itself, than a paradoxical “late, hot-house flowering of the tradition” (39), the welding of poetic imagination to an already well-conditioned taste-that is, an art of parody. Almost by definition, parody thrives in a technologically sophisticated world where “culture” has replaced “nature” as the subject of art. It is the paramount art form of “decadence,” of life imitating art, self consciously and self-critically pointing “both to itself and to that which itdesignates or parodies” (Hutcheon 69). It was an art form tailor-made for Aubrey Beardsley.
Justice And Forgiveness: The Long Road To Equal Citizenship For African Americans
Authors: Shriver Donald W
Published: November 2023

On a street comer in Los Angeles at the height of the riots that rocked the city for three days in April 1992, a line of peaceful sidewalk protesters passed a young white man kneeling in the street. His hands were wrapped around a basketball, his face was creased with pain. Another young man, black, left the line of protesters, put his hands, too, on the basketball, and sought for a moment “to console him.” It was a gesture of empathy remarkable in the midst of any human conflict. A long time would have to pass before Los Angeles and the United States were “consoled” for the deaths, the billion-dollar property destruction, and the wounded wounding rage which this event deposited on the pages of recent American history. Among other things, Los Angeles demonstrated that in modem urban America a majority of rioters are not necessarily black, nor do all of them come from the poorest of the poor. As for protests against injustice, Hispanic and Asian Americans can mount them, too. As for reason to despise one’s neighbors, middle-class white Americans can find that, too, whether they indulge in looting or in contempt for looters. We are a nation heading toward new levels of pluralism in our politics, our economy, and our culture. We are the world’s largest immigrant nation. Traditionally we assume that immigrants start at the bottom of the social status hierarchy.
The CMS and Republican Religion
Authors: Rohrer James R
Published: November 2023

The Congregational missionary movement was not designed to prop up an embattled orthodoxy. As we have seen, orthodox missionary leaders were driven by a desire to keep covenant with New England migrants in “the wilderness,” as well as by millennial expectancy. The creation of the CMS constituted a positive, forward-looking response to social change, not primarily a negative reaction against sectarian competition or the threat of disestablishment.
Congregational Declension Reconsidered
Authors: Rohrer James R
Published: November 2023

Explanations for Congregational declension after the American Revolution generally focus either upon the inability of orthodox missionaries to adjust to republican culture, or upon the culture’s rejection of orthodoxy. Both approaches to the problem are flawed. This study suggests that Congregational leaders adjusted to the democratization of American society in various ways, and embraced innovative means to evangelize their fellow citizens. Moreover, this study indicates that there was an openness to the message which Congregational evangelists proclaimed; when offered a choice between orthodoxy and populist insurgency, many frontier Americans found orthodoxy the more attractive alternative.
Wasps
Authors: Konstan David
Published: November 2023

As stories, the comedies of Aristophanes appear to bear a general re¬ semblance to one another. The action centers on a protagonist, who achieves, against more or less organized social opposition, a reordering of the world that realizes a fantasy at once personal and collective. In this respect, the earliest of the surviving plays by Aristophanes (Achanians, 425 B.c.), in which Dicaeopolis makes a private peace with the Spartans and then negotiates with his fellow Athenians like the lord of a republic reduced to the dimensions of a single household, is like Aristophanes’ latest play (Wealth, 388B.c.), where Chremylus captures the god of wealth and inaugurates a reign of plenty. There are differences, too: Dicaeopolis is the vehicle, as Aristophanes presents him, for a widespread aspiration for the joys of peace, but his success is purely personal: he agrees to let a few of his fellow citizens in on his prosperity-for a price. Chremylus has a larger vision that embraces the whole society. As for their goals, Chremylus’ is obviously utopian, while Dicaeopolis’ represents a more realistic aspiration, even if his scheme to achieve it is fanciful. But each puts a practical wiliness in the service of a fantastic vision of security and plenty. In this, Acharnians and Wealth are like a number of other Aristophanic comedies, such as Peace (421 B.c.), where Trygaeus liberates the goddess of peace and brings her to earth, Birds (414), Lysistrata (411), and Assemblywomen (392).
Birds
Authors: Konstan David
Published: November 2023

In the opening scene of Birds, which Aristophanes exhibited at the dramatic festival of the city Dionysia in the year 414 B.c., two Athenian citizens, weary of constant lawsuits back home, take off in search of a better, or at all events less litigious, city in which to take up residence.1 They seek out first an odd creature, the former king of Thrace named Tereus, who, legend had it, had been transformed for his sins into a hoopoe.2 The idea is that this hoopoe, knowing what both humans and the soaring birds have seen, is best equipped to point them in the right direction (119). The hoopoe turns out to have established himself as a figure of authority among the birds. Thus Pisthetaerus, the cannier of the two Athenian wanderers, after hearing, and rejecting, a couple of possible sites for relocation, suddenly hits on a different plan: to found a city among the birds themselves. That will be the new, litigation-free community they seek.
Resolution of Prison Riots
Authors: Useem Bert , Camp Camille Graham , Camp George M
Published: November 2023

The book uses eight diverse case studies of prison riots to explore how the outcomes were affected by policies, procedures, management, communications, and strategy immediately before, during, and after the riot. Exploring the results achieved by negotiation, by force, and by simply waiting, the authors illuminate the factors most important in controlling the costs of damage and human suffering that can result from increasingly common prison disturbances.
Management Jobs in the Insurance Industry:Organizational Deskilling and Rising Pay Inequity
Authors: Scott Elizabeth D , O’shaughnessy K C , Cappelli Peter
Published: November 2023

The attention of both the research community and the popular press has begun to shift from a traditional focus on production jobs and toward management positions in part because of a perception that fundamental change is underway in the management ranks. Perhaps the most examined issue has been the reduction in job security experienced by managers (Cappelli, 1992). Unlike the temporary layoffs of production workers that were historically driven by business cycles, the changes in management job security seem to be permanent and, in large measure, driven by developments inside the firm (see Pfeffer and Baron, 1988). The most important of these forces appears to be changes in the structure of management and in the organization of work processes.
Human Resources Practices And The Demographic Transformation Of Professional Labor Markets
Authors: Landers Renee M , Rebitzer James B , Taylor Lowell J
Published: November 2023

Professional occupations are in the midst of an unprecedented demographic transition. The ratio of men to women in professional schools was 23.4 in 1960 but 0.9 in 1988 (Goldin, 1992). This influx of women is not limited to traditionally female occupations. In 1979, women constituted only 10% of doctors, 13% lawyers, and 33% of accountants. Twelve years later in 1991, the comparable figures were: 20% for doctors, 18% for lawyers, and 52% for accountants. These numbers are likely to understate the ultimate change in gender composition. For example, roughly 40% of students in law schools today are female (Rosen, 1992, p. 222).
Wavelets From Filter Banks
Authors: Strang Gilbert
Published: November 2023

These notes are an excerpt from the first draft of a new book. The book will begin much earlier in the theory of filters; the notes are from chapter 6! Examples and figures (but not exercises) will be included — those are essential to a clear exposition. We hope that this part of a larger whole — the part where wavelets emerge, bringing with them the crucial properties of the filters — will be helpful to the reader.
Euripides Ion
Authors: Dipiero W S , Burian Peter
Published: November 2023

One of Euripides' late plays, Ion is a complex enactment of the changing relations between the human and divine orders and the way in which our understanding of the gods is mediated and re-visioned by myths. The story begins years before the play begins, with the rape of the mortal Kreousa, queen of Athens, by Apollo. Kreousa bears Apollos' child in secret then abandons it. Unbeknownst to her, Apollo has the child brought to his temple at Delphi to be reared by the priestess as ward of the shrine. Many years later, Kreousa, now married to the foreigner Xouthos but childless, comes to Delphi seeking prophecy about children. Apollo, however, speaking through the oracle, bestows the temple ward, Ion, on Xouthos as his child. Enraged, Kreousa conspires to kill as an interloper the very son she has despaired of finding. After mother and son both try to kill each other, the priestess reveals the birth tokens that permit Kreousa to recognize and embrace the child she thought was dead. Ion discovers the truth of his parentage and departs for Athens, as a mixed blood of humanity and divinity, to participate in the life of the polis. In Ion, disturbing riptides of thought and feeling run just below the often shimmering surfaces of Euripidean melodrama. Although the play contains some of Euripides' most beautiful lyrical writing, it quivers throughout with near disasters, poorly informed actions and misdirected intentions that almost result in catastrophe. Kreousa says at one point that good and evil do not mix, but Euripides' argument, and what the youthful Ion strives to understand, is that human beings are not only compounded of good and evil, but that the two are often the same thing differently experienced, differently understood, just as beauty and violence are mixed both in the gods and in the mortal world.
An Idea Whose Time Has Come?
Authors: Sherman Joe
Published: November 2023

On the surface it was hard to fathom why the Big 3, with total profits of$13.9 billion in 1994, a workforce of around 600,000 and branches linking their Detroit-based headquarters with dozens of foreign countries, were worried about the struggling EV industry. In 1994, that industry’s four largest independent companies-Solectria in Massachusetts, Renaissance Cars in Florida, Unique Mobility in Colorado, and U.S. Electricar in California-had losses estimated at several million dollars, about 400 employees, and a few agreements with companies and governments in Europe and on the Pacific Rim.
The Anti-Catholic Tradition
Authors: Jenkins Philip
Published: November 2023

In 1993, A Gospel of Shame offered a historical context for the recent “pedophile crisis” in the Catholic church. Authors Elinor Burkett and Frank Bruni discuss the Borgia popes of the Renaissance and some of the legendary Roman orgies of that time, at which “children were passed freely among bishops and priests celebrating Catholicism’s latest triumph with a sexual bacchanalia.”1 Although such references can be difficult to trace in conventional history, the book finds an abundance of “veiled references in historical texts or in the works of novelists mirroring reality,” in revealing fiction like Diderot’s La, Religieuse (The Nun; 1760). Gospel of Shame presents an exceedingly dark view of Catholic history, suggesting that in every era distinctively Catholic doctrines were the product of a cynical raison d’etat and were imposed by naked repressive force.
Mercy, Mercy Me
Authors: Hall James C
Published: November 2023

Using an interdisciplinary approach, this book argues that American artistry in the Sixties can be understood as one of the most vital and compelling interrogations of modernity. James C. Hall finds that the legacy of slavery and the resistance to it have by necessity made African Americans among the most incisive critics and celebrants of the Enlightenment inheritance. Focusing on the work of six individuals—Robert Hayden, William Demby, Paule Marshall, John Coltrane, Romare Bearden, and W.E.B. DuBois—Mercy, Mercy Me seeks to recover an American tradition of evaluating the “dialectic of the Enlightenment.”
Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945
Authors: Dallek Robert
Published: November 2023

Since the original publication of this classic book in 1979, Roosevelt’s foreign policy has come under attack on three main points: Was Roosevelt responsible for the confrontation with Japan that led to the attack at Pearl Harbor? Did Roosevelt “give away” Eastern Europe to Stalin and the U.S.S.R. at Yalta? And, most significantly, did Roosevelt abandon Europe’s Jews to the Holocaust, making no direct effort to aid them? In a new Afterword to his definitive history, Dallek vigorously and brilliantly defends Roosevelt’s policy. He emphasizes how Roosevelt operated as a master politician in maintaining a national consensus for his foreign policy throughout his presidency and how he brilliantly achieved his policy and military goals.
Engendering Compassion: Men, Women, and Social Change
Authors: Wuthnow Robert
Published: November 2023

When considering the ways in which young people move from primordial to role-specific understandings of caring, we must confront the issue of gender. Young men and young women are about equally likely to experience caring in their families and about equally likely to become volunteers during their teenage years. At the end of this time, they are also about equally likely to say they value helping other people and want to work at something that will make the world a better place in which to live. But the process by which young men and young women gain a new understanding of what it means to care is quite different. Because mothers play a different role in teaching their offspring about caring than fathers do, young people learn early that caring is gendered. Moreover, young women associate caring much more with their changing understanding of themselves as persons, whereas young men are more likely to associate caring with the accomplishment of specific tasks. Thus, some of what I have been arguing about the need to relearn the meaning of caring during young adulthood can be better understood by considering the differences between young men and young women. That, at least, is what I want to demonstrate in this chapter.
Building Character: Vulnerability and Virtue
Authors: Wuthnow Robert
Published: November 2023

Asked how she feels about herself after she has been doing volunteer work, Tanika Lane responds, “I feel full inside. I feel joy.” She says she feels this way when people tell her they’ve read one of her essays about drugs in the free newspaper and been touched by it or when people seek her out for advice because they respect her opinion. “It just makes me feel good inside to reach out and help somebody,” she says. “Sometimes it just feels too good to be true.”
Between the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds
Authors: Hayes Christine Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

In this book, Hayes addresses the central concern in talmudic studies over the genesis of halakhic (legal) divergence between the Talmuds produced by the Palestinian rabbinic community (c. AD 370) and the Babylonian rabbinic community (c. AD 650). Hayes analyses selected divergences between parallel passages of the two Talmuds. Proceeding on a case-by-case basis, she considers whether external influences (cultural or regional differences), internal factors (textual, hermeneutical, or dialectical), or some intersection of the two best account for the differences.
Donors, Devotes, and Daughters of God
Authors: Orr Leslie C
Published: November 2023

Through the use of epigraphical evidence, Leslie C. Orr brings into focus the activities and identities of the temple women (devadasis) of medieval South India. This book shows how temple women’s initiative and economic autonomy involved them in medieval temple politics and allowed them to establish themselves in roles with particular social and religious meanings. This study suggests new ways of understanding the character of the temple woman and, more generally, of the roles of women in Indian religion and society.