bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of short-term growth of mung bean and its soil incorporation on the density of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in pot experiments
Authors: Chikamatsu Seiya , Xiaoman Wang , Ito Daisuke , Yamada Emi , Toyota Koki
Published: October 2017

We previously reported that incorporation of bean sprout residue into soil stimulated hatching of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata), the raw material of bean sprout, and its incorporation into the soil on the density of SCN in soil. When mung bean was grown in pots for 2 and 4 weeks in a SCN-infested andosol, incorporated into the soil and further incubated for 2 weeks, the SCN density decreased markedly. Mung bean was also grown in pots under different moisture conditions. The SCN density decreased in the soils with 48-68 g water, but not with 39 g water (100 g dry soil)−1 in which mung bean grew the poorest. The present study suggests that short-term growth of mung bean may be useful to decrease the density of SCN in soil.
Attribution Analysis of the Ethiopian Drought of 2015
Authors: Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah F. , Jan van Oldenborgh Geert , Otto Friederike , O’Keefe Sarah , Haustein Karsten , King Andrew , Zegeye Abiy , Eshetu Zewdu , Hailemariam Kinfe , Singh Roop , Jjemba Eddie , Funk Chris , Cullen Heidi
Published: October 2017

In northern and central Ethiopia, 2015 was a very dry year. Rainfall was only from one-half to three-quarters of the usual amount, with both the “belg” (February–May) and “kiremt” rains (June–September) affected. The timing of the rains that did fall was also erratic. Many crops failed, causing food shortages for many millions of people. The role of climate change in the probability of a drought like this is investigated, focusing on the large-scale precipitation deficit in February–September 2015 in northern and central Ethiopia. Using a gridded analysis that combines station data with satellite observations, it is estimated that the return period of this drought was more than 60 years (lower bound 95% confidence interval), with a most likely value of several hundred years. No trend is detected in the observations, but the large natural variability and short time series means large trends could go undetected in the observations. Two out of three large climate model ensembles that simulated rainfall reasonably well show no trend while the third shows an increased probability of drought. Taking the model spread into account the drought still cannot be clearly attributed to anthropogenic climate change, with the 95% confidence interval ranging from a probability decrease between preindustrial and today of a factor of 0.3 and an increase of a factor of 5 for a drought like this one or worse. A soil moisture dataset also shows a nonsignificant drying trend. According to ENSO correlations in the observations, the strong 2015 El Niño did increase the severity of the drought.
Increased Eddy Activity in the Northeastern Pacific during 1993–2011
Authors: Ding Mengrong , Lin Pengfei , Liu Hailong , Chai Fei
Published: October 2017

The authors study the long-term behaviors of eddy activity in the northeastern Pacific (NEP) and the dynamic mechanism behind them, using the third version of the mesoscale eddy trajectory dataset released by Chelton and Schlax as well as other observation and reanalysis datasets. Both the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and eddy occurrence number (EON) present prominent increases, with interannual and decadal variabilities northeast of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamounts. The increasing EON is mainly due to the prolongation of eddy lifetimes associated with eddy intensification, particularly for anticyclonic eddies (AEs). The prolongation of eddy lifetimes results from weakened surface winds. The enhanced anticyclonic wind stress curl (WSC) injects more energy into the AEs in the study domain, providing a more suitable environment for their growth. The decadal climate modes, such as the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), may also modulate eddy activity in the NEP by exerting fluctuations in the surface wind system.
Lossless Data Compression Based on Adaptive Linear Predictor for Embedded System of Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: Yu Fangjie , Li Linhua , Zhao Yang , Wang Mengmeng , Liu Guilin , Chen Ge
Published: October 2017

Unmanned vehicles represent a significant technical improvement for ocean and atmospheric monitoring. With the increasing number of sensors mounted on the unmanned mobile platforms, the data volume and its rapid growth introduce a new challenge relative to the limited transmission bandwidth. Data compression provides an effective approach. However, installing a lossless compression algorithm in an embedded system, which is in fact limited in computing resources, scale, and energy consumption, is a challenging task. To address this issue, a novel self-adaptive lossless compression algorithm (SALCA) that is focused on the dynamic characteristics of multidisciplinary ocean and atmospheric observation data is proposed that is the extended work of two-model transmission theory. The proposed method uses a second-order linear predictor that can be changed as the input data vary and can achieve better lossless compression performance for dynamic ocean data. More than 200 groups of conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profile data from underwater gliders are used as the standard input, and the results show that compared to two state-of-the-art compression methods, the proposed compression algorithm performs better in terms of compression ratio and comprehensive power consumption in an embedded system.
Are Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change Supported by Climate Records? A Case Study of Lower Gweru in Semiarid Central Zimbabwe
Authors: Makuvaro Veronica , Murewi Cyril T. F. , Dimes John , Chagonda Ignatius
Published: October 2017

The livelihoods of the majority of people in semiarid areas of developing nations are based on rain-fed agriculture. In the wake of climate variability and change, communities in these regions are the most vulnerable because of their limited capacities to adapt to environmental changes. Smallholder farmers in the study area, Lower Gweru in central Zimbabwe, ascertain that they have observed changes in some rainfall and temperature patterns. These changes include higher temperatures, an increased number of seasons without enough rainfall, and an increased frequency of droughts and lengths of dry spells. The aim of this study was to find out whether farmers’ perceptions are supported by mean and extreme event trends in observed historical climate data. Gweru Thornhill meteorological data were analyzed for significant trends. The analysis showed that temperatures are increasing significantly, consistent with farmers’ observations that temperatures are getting hotter. This study revealed that farmer perceptions on rainfall were not consistent with historical climatic trends. Thus, farmers in the Lower Gweru area may not be a very reliable source of long-term rainfall trends.
The Generation Game: Parenting and Child Outcomes in Second-Generation South Asian Immigrant Families in Britain
Authors: Iqbal Humera , Golombok Susan
Published: October 2017

Despite much research being conducted around identity and acculturation, immigrant groups are often collectively considered according to ethnicity with broad policy recommendations applied to them. The role of generational status is frequently ignored. This article reveals findings from an in-depth interview and questionnaire-based assessment of parenting quality and parent–child relationships, child psychological adjustment, and contextual factors in 90 second-generation Indian, Pakistani, and White British mothers with 5- to 7-year-old children living in minority dense urban areas of the United Kingdom. The analysis aimed to understand second-generation parenting in more depth and to explore similarities and differences between the three British-born groups. Standardized interviews and questionnaires were used to quantitatively measure parenting and child adjustment across a number of constructs. The study found positive levels of child adjustment across all groups. Similarities were found between family types for some aspects of parenting quality. Identified differences were generally reflected between the Pakistani and White mothers, with the Indian mothers lying between the two, including child supervision and discipline, levels of religiousness, and ethnic identity (all higher in the Pakistani group). The current findings relating to second-generation mothers and their children did not support the negative assumptions which are often associated with ethnic minority families. The findings also increase understanding of effective parenting processes across different ethnic groups.
Making responsible residents: On ‘responsibilization’ within local community work in marginalized residential areas in Denmark
Authors: Birk Rasmus Hoffmann
Published: October 2017

This article explores how the local community projects in marginalized residential areas in Denmark attempt to make ‘responsible’ residents. It has commonly been argued that contemporary governance is inflected with responsibilization, often understood as the ambition to make citizens self-responsible and independent from the welfare state. However, much less attention has been paid to how such responsibilization is accomplished in practice. The article draws on interviews with local community workers and participant observation in local community projects, to explore the process of ‘responsibilization’ in practice. The article shows how local community workers use narrative accounts to assess residents and their (failed) responsibilities, as well as their own responsibilities towards residents. Building on this, it is shown how attempts to make residents independent from the welfare state become entangled with practices of care, through which local community workers assume responsibilities for residents, rather than making them independent as such. Lastly, the article shows how responsibilization is a fragile process, and how it is entangled with ongoing makings of accounts that demonstrate responsibilities, both for local community workers and residents.
Refugee migration today
Authors: Swamy Muthuraj
Published: October 2017

Constructing theological resources is a crucial task in the current context of refugee crises to support the refugees in distress as well as to encourage Christians to come forward, protect and welcome them, and persuade states to do so. One way of doing this is to bring the reality of migration to the centre of theological reflection, which can influence the way theologizing is done today. Drawing methodological insights from liberation theologies, a theology of migration will involve interpretation of the foundational beliefs and theological concepts in Christianity in the light of migration, emphasize an active Christian public engagement and enable the rethinking of theology of religions and interreligious dialogue as migrants bring with them multiple religious traditions, identities and worldviews.
Investigation of electrical, tracking/erosion, and water absorption resistance properties of ATH-SiO2-reinforced RTV-SiR composites for high-voltage insulations
Authors: Khan Hidayatullah , Amin Muhammad , Ahmad Ayaz , Yasin Muhammad
Published: October 2017

In this work, we have investigated the impact of micro-silica (SiO2), micro-alumina-tri-hydrate (ATH), and mixture of micro/nano-sized particles (ATH + SiO2) on electrical, tracking and erosion, and water absorption characteristics of silicone rubber (SiR)-based novel composites. SiR-blends with varying concentrations by weight percent (wt%) of ATH and SiO2 were prepared by simple blending in a two-roll mixing mill. Tracking/erosion and water absorption resistance properties of SiR-blends were analyzed using the inclined plane test and water immersion tests, respectively, according to ASTM standards. Dielectric strength, volume and surface resistivity, tracking/erosion resistance, and water penetration resistance properties of SiR composites were determined and discussed. SiR composites with ATH showed enhanced dielectric strength, volume and surface resistivity, erosion resistance, and initial tracking voltage compared to SiO2-filled composites. Further, the ATH and SiO2 co-filled specimens showed better water immersion resistance compared to samples only filled with ATH or SiO2. We presume characterization results presented in this work will help researchers to optimize the performance of SiR for outdoor high-voltage insulation applications.
Stability and L1-gain analysis for positive delay systems with large delay period
Authors: Guo Tingting , Wu Baowei , Wang Yue-E
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the problems of stability and [Formula: see text]-gain performance analysis for positive delay systems with large delay period are investigated. The maximum allowed delay bound is expanded. Under the limitations of frequency and length rate of the large delay period, the sufficient conditions guaranteeing stability of the considered system are obtained and the weighted [Formula: see text]-gain performance analysis is established. Detailed proofs are presented by using co-positive Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional candidates with large delay integral terms and the switching method; where the switching method involves transforming the original system into a positive switched delay system. All the obtained conditions can be solved via linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the validity of the proposed results is illustrated by a numerical example.
Understanding Factors Related to Prolonged Trial of Detained Defendants in the Philippines
Authors: Narag Raymund E.
Published: October 2017

Utilizing a combination of jail official data and qualitative data gathered through Focus Group Discussions and interviews with inmates, court actors, and jail officers, this article investigates the factors related to prolonged trial of detained defendants in the Philippines. Sensitizing concepts derived from Western literature are utilized to understand individual, court, and jail-level variations to prolonged detention. Results from official jail data show the magnitude and extent of the problem. The narrative data suggests the salience of organizational and cultural dynamics that lead to the delay of cases for detained defendants. Specifically, courts that are loosely coupled and subscribe to workgroup culture that condones leniency are more likely to be delayed. Implications to theory and policy are discussed.
The Effect of Hamstring Tendon Autograft Harvest on the Restoration of Knee Stability in the Setting of Concurrent Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries
Authors: Kremen Thomas J. , Polakof Landon S. , Rajaee Sean S. , Nelson Trevor J. , Metzger Melodie F.
Published: October 2017

Background:

A hamstring autograft is commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR); however, there is evidence to suggest that the tendons harvested may contribute to medial knee instability.

Hypothesis:

We tested the hypothesis that the gracilis (G) and semitendinosus (ST) tendons significantly contribute to sagittal, coronal, and/or rotational knee stability in the setting of ACLR with a concurrent partial medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twelve human cadaveric knees were subject to static forces applied to the tibia including an anterior-directed force as well as varus, valgus, and internal and external rotation moments to quantify laxity at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion. The following ligament conditions were tested on each specimen: (1) ACL intact/MCL intact, (2) ACL deficient/MCL intact, (3) ACL deficient/partial MCL injury, and (4) ACLR/partial MCL injury. To quantify the effect of muscle loads, the quadriceps, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, sartorius (SR), ST, and G muscles were subjected to static loads. The loads on the G, ST, and SR could be added or removed during various test conditions. For each ligament condition, the responses to loading and unloading the G/ST and SR were determined. Three-dimensional positional data of the tibia relative to the femur were recorded to determine tibiofemoral rotations and translations.

Results:

ACLR restored anterior stability regardless of whether static muscle loads were applied. There was no significant increase in valgus motion after ACL transection. However, when a partial MCL tear was added to the ACL injury, there was a 30% increase in valgus rotation ( P < .05). ACLR restored valgus stability toward that of the intact state when the G/ST muscles were loaded. A load on the SR muscle without a load on the G/ST muscles restored 19% of valgus rotation; however, it was still significantly less stable than the intact state.

Conclusion:

After ACLR in knees with a concurrent partial MCL injury, the absence of loading on the G/ST did not significantly alter anterior stability. Simulated G/ST harvest did lead to increased valgus motion. These results may have important clinical implications and warrant further investigation to better outline the role of the medial hamstrings, particularly among patients with a concomitant ACL and MCL injury.

Clinical Relevance:

A concurrent ACL and MCL injury is a commonly encountered clinical problem. Knowledge regarding the implications of hamstring autograft harvest techniques on joint kinematics may help guide management decisions.
Epidemiology of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries Among United States High School Baseball Players: School Years 2005-2006 Through 2014-2015
Authors: Saper Michael G. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Liu Wei , Comstock R. Dawn , Polousky John D. , Andrews James R.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Shoulder and elbow injuries are common in young athletes, especially high school baseball players. Understanding the risk factors associated with baseball injuries is an essential first step in the development of injury prevention strategies.

Purpose:

To provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries among high school baseball players in the United States.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

Baseball-related injury data were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study using High School RIO (Reporting Information Online), an Internet-based sports injury surveillance system. Athletic trainers from high schools across the country uploaded data regarding athlete-exposures (AEs) (defined as practice or game participation) and shoulder and elbow injuries from the school years 2005-2006 through 2014-2015.

Results:

A total of 241 shoulder injuries and 150 elbow injuries occurred during 1,734,198 AEs during the study period, for an overall shoulder injury rate of 1.39 per 10,000 AEs and an overall elbow injury rate of 0.86 per 10,000 AEs. The overall rates of injury were higher in competitions compared with practices for shoulders (rate ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.85) and elbows (rate ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.56-2.96). The majority of shoulder (39.6%) and elbow (56.9%) injuries were sustained by pitchers, and most injuries were chronic and caused by overuse. Position players were more likely to sustain injuries by contact with the playing surface or apparatus. For pitchers, muscle strains were the most common shoulder injuries (38.7%), while ligament sprains were the most common elbow injuries (42.7%). The majority of pitchers with shoulder (70.8%) and elbow (64.6%) injuries returned to play within 21 days. Among pitchers, a higher proportion of elbow injuries (11.4%) resulted in medical disqualification compared with shoulder injuries (5.6%). Among pitchers, the majority of shoulder (89.2%) and elbow (96.4%) injuries were managed nonsurgically.

Conclusion:

Shoulder and elbow injury rates and patterns in high school baseball players differed between field positions (pitchers vs position players) and by type of exposure (practice vs competition). This study suggests several areas of emphasis for targeted injury prevention interventions, most notably limiting fatigue and preventing overuse injuries.
Superiority of a vitamin B12-containing emollient compared to a standard emollient in the maintenance treatment of mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis
Authors: Del Duca Ester , Farnetani Francesca , De Carvalho Nathalie , Bottoni Ugo , Pellacani Giovanni , Nisticò Steven P
Published: October 2017

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2%–3% of the population. The wide range of drugs currently available for its treatment could be associated, in the long term, with organ toxicity and adverse events, thus, clinical monitoring throughout treatment is required. This investigator-initiated trial (IIT) evaluated the efficacy and the safety of a vitamin B12-containing ointment in comparison with glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream used twice a day to treat mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis for a period over 12 weeks followed by a wash-out observation period of 4 weeks. This study was conducted as a randomized, controlled, single-blind, intra-patient left- to right-side trial comparing the efficacy and safety of vitamin B12-containing ointment (M-treatment) with a glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream (C-treatment). The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was determined at baseline (T0), at time points T2 (14 days), T4 (4 weeks), T8 (8 weeks), T12 (12 weeks) and 4 weeks after the end of the wash-out period (F1). In total, 24 patients with plaque psoriasis were randomized to receive left- or right-side treatment with B12 ointment. From time point T2 to time point F1, there was a statistically significant difference in PASI reduction between M-treatment side and C-treatment side. At time point T 12, the difference between the mean reductions from baseline PASI scores by 5.92 ± 2.49 (87, 6%) in the M-treatment side versus 1.08 ± 1.02 (23, 1%) C-treatment side was statistically highly significant ( PWex < 0.001). On the contemporary panorama in the treatment of psoriasis, we conclude that vitamin B12 ointment will represent a new concrete therapy option and should be considered in the update of therapeutic algorithm for the treatment of psoriasis
Cefepime Intravenous Push Versus Intravenous Piggyback on Time to Administration of First-Dose Vancomycin in the Emergency Department
Authors: Tran Ann , O’Sullivan David , Krawczynski Michelle
Published: October 2017

Study Objective:

The combination of cefepime and vancomycin is commonly used as an empiric antimicrobial regimen. Time to first-dose antibiotics is associated with survival benefit. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether cefepime intravenous push (IVP) is associated with a shorter time to vancomycin administration in the emergency department (ED) compared with cefepime intravenous piggyback (IVPB) infusion.

Methods:

This was a retrospective chart review of records of patients who were treated with the vancomycin–cefepime combination in the ED.

Results:

A total of 1071 charts from April 2013 to January 2015 were reviewed. Included in the pre-(IVBP) group was 536 subjects and 535 subjects in the post-(IVP) group. The indications for antibiotic therapy were sepsis alone (28.3%), pneumonia alone (30.7%), sepsis with pneumonia (36.5%), and other (4.6%). The median time from administration of cefepime to vancomycin were 63.5 minutes and 2.0 minutes in the IVPB and IVP cohorts, respectively ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The use of first-dose cefepime IVP in the ED resulted in a statistically significant decrease in time to vancomycin administration of over 1 hour.
Healthy Out-Group Members Are Represented Psychologically as Infected In-Group Members
Authors: Petersen Michael Bang
Published: October 2017

A range of studies have demonstrated that people implicitly treat out-groups as the carriers of pathogens and that considerable prejudice against out-groups is driven by concerns about pathogens. Yet the psychological categories that are involved and the selection pressures that underlie these categories remain unclear. A common view is that human pathogen-avoidance psychology is specifically adapted to avoid out-groups because of their potentially different pathogens. However, the series of studies reported here shows that there is no dedicated category for reasoning about out-groups in terms of pathogens. Specifically, a memory-confusion experiment conducted with two large-scale samples of Americans (one nationally representative) yielded strong, replicable evidence that healthy out-group members are represented using the same psychological category that is used to represent manifestly infected in-group members. This suggests that the link between out-group prejudice and pathogen concerns is a by-product of general mechanisms for treating any unfamiliar appearance as an infection cue.
Group Writing, Reflection, and Discovery: A Model for Enhancing Learning on Wilderness Educational Expeditions
Authors: Asfeldt Morten , Hvenegaard Glen , Purc-Stephenson Rebecca
Published: October 2017

Background: Understanding strategies for enhancing learning is central to developing effective teaching practices. Students’ perceptions of these practices are critical for deepening this understanding. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate students’ perceptions of a group journal activity (GJA) on learning enhancement and to present a model that illustrates the reflective-learning process of the GJA. Methodology/Approach: Three questionnaires (pre, post, and 2 months after) were distributed to 22 expedition participants in 2013 and 2015. Responses were analyzed to identify the learning benefits of the GJA, and grounded theory was used to develop the process model. Findings/Conclusions: A positive relationship exists between students’ participating in the GJA and self-reported perception of learning. Students report the GJA as having similar benefits as traditional personal journal-writing with the added benefits of promoting learning from others’ perspectives, enhancing understanding of others, promoting reflective communication skills, and providing a tangible record of experience which enables continued reflection and learning. A process model illustrates the recursive cycle of writing, sharing, and discovery that the GJA enables. Implications: This research presents the GJA as an uncommon form of journaling in outdoor education and demonstrates the GJA’s potential for enhancing learning. The model outlines the effective use of the GJA.
How the Child’s Gender Matters for Families Having a Child With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Fleming Louise , Knafl Kathleen , Van Riper Marcia
Published: October 2017

Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to high levels of testosterone in utero often resulting in nontypical genitalia at birth for girls. The purpose of this analysis, which draws on data from a larger study, was to examine, based on the gender of the child, the family experiences of having a child with CAH. Sixteen parents were interviewed, and comparisons were made across all categories coded in the parents’ interviews to examine similarities and differences in the experiences of families based on the child’s gender. Families having a daughter with CAH experienced additional challenges when compared with families having a son. These include fear of stigmatization, challenging surgical decisions, and concerns regarding disclosure of the condition. Acknowledging this and creating support programs tailored for girls that address surgical procedures and complications resulting from being born with elevated testosterone are critical to promoting a healthy family and child response.
Clinical Significance of the Serotonin Release Assay and Platelet Count Monitoring After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Motohashi Shinya , Matsuo Takefumi , Inoue Hidenori , Kaneko Makoto , Shindo Shunya
Published: October 2017

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is one of the serious complications in patients who undergo cardiac surgery. However, there remains a major problem in diagnosing HIT because the current immunological assays for detection of HIT antibody have limitations. Furthermore, the clinical course of thrombocytopenia in this surgery makes it increasingly difficult to diagnose HIT. We investigated the relationship between platelet count and HIT antibody in 59 patients who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The number of postoperative HIT antibody-positive patients evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (polyanion IgG/IgA/IgM complex antibodies/antiplatelet factor 4 enhanced) was 37 (62.7%). In contrast, platelet activation by HIT antibody was evaluated using the serotonin release assay (SRA). More than 20% and 50% release of serotonin was obtained from 12 patients (20.3%) and 8 patients (13.6%), respectively. The levels of d-dimer were significantly different on postoperative day 14 between SRA-positive and SRA-negative groups; however, postoperative thrombus complication was not detected using sonography in the patients with positive serotonin release at all. After being decreased by the operation, their platelet count recovered within 2 weeks in both groups equally. In our study, although the patients were positive in the platelet activating HIT antibody assay, they remained free from thrombosis and their platelet count recovered after early postoperative platelet decrease. Therefore, in addition to the SRA, monitoring of platelet count might be still considered an indispensable factor to facilitate the prediction of HIT thrombosis prior to manifestation in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB.
Notes on superposed incremental deformations in the mechanics of lipid membranes
Authors: Zeidi Mahdi , Kim Chun IL
Published: October 2017

We present an analysis of the superposed incremental deformations of lipid membranes in contact with a circular substrate. A complete analytical solution describing the morphological transitions of lipid membranes is obtained via Monge parametric representation and admissible linearization. The corresponding solution demonstrates smooth and bounded behavior within the finite domain of interest (annular) and, more importantly, shows excellent stability as it approaches the boundary of the circular substrate with the radius of convergence compatible with a few nanometers. Under the prescription of the superposed incremental deformations, a complete analysis of the necessary boundary conditions, the anchoring condition of the lipid molecules on an edge, and other geometrical quantities of the membrane is illustrated for the case of the circular substrate–membrane system.
Does It Work for Biodiversity? Experiences and Challenges in the Evaluation of Social Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Veríssimo Diogo , Bianchessi Annalisa , Arrivillaga Alejandro , Cadiz Fel Ceasar , Mancao Roquelito , Green Kevin
Published: October 2017

There is a growing realization among conservationists that human behavior is the main driver of all key threats to biodiversity and the environment. This realization has led to an escalation of the efforts to influence human behavior toward the adoption of more sustainable alternatives, more recently through the use of social marketing theory and tools. However, these initiatives have traditionally suffered from a lack of robust impact evaluation, which limits not only accountability but also a practitioner’s ability to learn and improve over time. We evaluated three social marketing campaigns conducted in the Philippines, which aimed at increasing the sustainability of local fisheries. To achieve this, we used the results not only from questionnaire surveys but also from biological and enforcement data. We found that although there is some evidence of impact around human behavior and perceptions of conservation results, those changes did not translate into biological outcomes during the 2-year time frame considered in this evaluation. We discuss many of the barriers to causal inference that still remain, particularly if causal links between outcomes and specific interventions are to be drawn, but also showcase how this current methodology can help us go further than the more basic approaches to impact evaluation commonly used. Lastly, we highlight a number of lessons learned from this experience in seeking a practical, ethical, and effective approach to impact evaluation.
Tomorrow’s Human–Machine Design Tools: From Levels of Automation to Interdependencies
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Bradshaw Jeffrey M. , Feltovich Paul J.
Published: October 2017

The growth of sophistication in machine capabilities must go hand in hand with growth of sophistication in human–machine interaction capabilities. To continue advancement as we build today’s intelligent machines, designers need formative tools for creating sociotechnical systems. In this article, we will briefly assess the appropriateness of “levels of automation” as a tool for designing human–machine systems. Additionally, we present coactive design and interdependence analysis as a viable alternative tool moving forward into more advanced and sophisticated human–machine systems.
Issues in Human–Automation Interaction Modeling: Presumptive Aspects of Frameworks of Types and Levels of Automation
Authors: Kaber David B.
Published: October 2017

The current cognitive engineering literature includes a broad range of models of human–automation interaction (HAI) in complex systems. Some of these models characterize types and levels of automation (LOAs) and relate different LOAs to implications for human performance, workload, and situation awareness as bases for systems design. However, some have suggested that the LOAs approach has overlooked key issues that need to be considered during the design process. Others are simply unsatisfied with the current state of the art in modeling HAI. In this paper, I argue that abandoning an existing framework with some utility for design makes little sense unless the cognitive engineering community can provide the broader design community with other sound alternatives. On this basis, I summarize issues with existing definitions of LOAs, including (a) presumptions of human behavior with automation and (b) imprecision in defining behavioral constructs for assessment of automation. I propose steps for advances in LOA frameworks. I provide evidence of the need for precision in defining behavior in use of automation as well as a need for descriptive models of human performance with LOAs. I also provide a survey of other classes of HAI models, offering insights into ways to achieve descriptive formulations of taxonomies of LOAs to support conceptual and detailed systems design. The ultimate objective of this line of research is reliable models for predicting human and system performance to serve as a basis for design.
Informed Consent: Is It Accompanied by Full Disclosure?
Authors: Wilson April , Rea Brenda
Published: October 2017

Informed consent assumes full disclosure has been discussed in its entirety. However, is full disclosure ever really achieved? This column discusses how lifestyle medicine, both philosophically and ethically, must be a standard component of informed consent. Yet despite unequivocal evidence regarding the efficacy of lifestyle medicine, few physicians even consider lifestyle medicine as a viable option in the informed consent process. Reasons for the lack of lifestyle medicine considerations are postulated and a potential solution through education of trainees is suggested. How one medical school is addressing the need for lifestyle medicine education through several initiatives is discussed. Last, we expect that trainees educated in lifestyle medicine will push the momentum forward toward the “tipping point” where lifestyle medicine will be a viable option in the informed consent process—only then will full disclosure truly be achieved.
The ‘full-blown’ MRI of sudden hearing loss: 3D FLAIR in a patient with bilateral metastases in the internal auditory canals
Authors: Conte Giorgio , Di Berardino Federica , Zanetti Diego , Avignone Sabrina , Sina Clara , Iofrida Elisabetta , Triulzi Fabio
Published: October 2017

We report a case of a 57-year-old man with bilateral masses in the internal auditory canal. The peculiar findings at magnetic resonance imaging with tridimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence combined with clinical data provided new insights into understanding the pathophysiology of the hearing loss.
A Preliminary Psychometric Analysis of a Measure of Information Technology Literacy Skills
Authors: Lombardi Allison R. , Izzo Margo V. , Rifenbark Graham G. , Murray Alexa , Buck Andrew , Johnson Victor
Published: October 2017

Information technology (IT) literacy skills are increasingly important for all adolescents to learn, as the majority of post-school pursuits will require at least some amount of computer skills. For adolescents with disabilities, this urgency is perhaps more pronounced, as this subpopulation typically experiences more dismal post-school outcomes than their peers without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Envision Information Technology Literacy (EITL) scale based on pretest and posttest responses of students with and without disabilities ( N = 150). Findings show promising validity and reliability of the EITL scale. Implications for practice are discussed with regard to uses in high school career courses and as an age-appropriate transition assessment.
Novel use Of Hydroxyurea in an African Region with Malaria (NOHARM): a trial for children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Opoka Robert O. , Ndugwa Christopher M. , Latham Teresa S. , Lane Adam , Hume Heather A. , Kasirye Phillip , Hodges James S. , Ware Russell E. , John Chandy C.
Published: October 2017

Key Points

Compared with placebo, hydroxyurea did not increase the incidence or severity of malaria events in Ugandan children with SCA. Hydroxyurea provided significant clinical and laboratory benefits, suggesting it will be safe and effective across sub-Saharan Africa.
Midostaurin, enasidenib, CPX-351, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, and venetoclax bring new hope to AML
Authors: Wei Andrew H. , Tiong Ing S.
Published: October 2017

In 2017, 4 drugs received US Food and Drug Administration marketing approval for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment: targeted therapies for mutant FLT3 and IDH2, a liposomal cytarabine-daunorubicin formulation for therapy-related AML and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, and resurgence of an antibody-drug conjugate designed to target CD33. Promising results also emerged for the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with low-intensity therapy in older patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. This quintet of new drugs is likely to reshape the therapeutic landscape of AML.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hematologic malignancies: a single cancer center retrospective review
Authors: Neil Elizabeth C. , DeAngelis Lisa M.
Published: October 2017

Key Points

Immunotherapy for treatment of hematological malignancies is immunosuppressive, and chronic immunosuppression is a risk factor for PML. Early diagnosis is vital for instituting prompt immune reconstitution as treatment; brain biopsy is necessary in suspicious cases.
A constant fractional-order viscoelastic wave equation and its numerical simulation scheme
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhou Hui , Chen Hanming , Xia Muming , Wang Shucheng , Fang Jinwei , Sun Pengyuan
Published: October 2017

Efficient modeling schemes currently exist to handle the spatially variable-order fractional Laplacians in the fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equation. The simplest approach is to change the spatially variable-order fractional Laplacians into a linear combination of several constant fractional-order Laplacians. We generalize the constant fractional-order scheme to a spatially variable fractional-order viscoelastic wave equation and develop an almost-equivalent constant fractional-order viscoelastic wave equation. Our constant fractional-order scheme avoids the simulation error introduced by directly averaging the spatially varying fractional order; thus, our scheme simulates seismic wave propagation in viscoelastic media with sharp [Formula: see text] contrasts well. The fast Fourier transform is used in the approximation of the fractional Laplacians, which improves the spectral accuracy in space. Several simulation examples are performed to verify that the numerical solution of a homogeneous [Formula: see text] model obtained by solving our constant fractional-order viscoelastic wave equation agrees well with that obtained by solving the original viscoelastic wave equation. The numerical simulations for spatially varying [Formula: see text] models obtained by the new wave equation are more straightforward than those currently in use and match the reference solutions obtained by accurate, but inefficient, methods. This match of simulation results verifies the accuracy of our viscoelastic wave equation.
Impact of co-located welfare advice in healthcare settings: prospective quasi-experimental controlled study
Authors: Woodhead Charlotte , Khondoker Mizanur , Lomas Robin , Raine Rosalind
Published: October 2017

Background

Evaluations of primary healthcare co-located welfare advice services have been methodologically limited.

Aims

To examine the impact and cost-consequences of co-located benefits and debt advice on mental health and service use.

Method

Prospective, controlled quasi-experimental study in eight intervention and nine comparator sites across North Thames. Changes in the proportion meeting criteria for common mental disorder (CMD, 12-item General Health Questionnaire); well-being scores (Shortened Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale), 3-month GP consultation rate and financial strain were measured alongside funding costs and financial gains.

Results

Relative to controls, CMD reduced among women (ratio of odds ratios (rOR) = 0.37, 95% CI 0.20–0.70) and Black advice recipients (rOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.28). Individuals whose advice resulted in positive outcomes demonstrated improved well-being scores (β coefficient 1.29, 95% CI 0.25–2.32). Reductions in financial strain (rOR=042, 95% CI 0.23–0.77) but no changes in 3-month consultation rate were found. Per capita, advice recipients received £15 per £1 of funder investment.

Conclusions

Co-located welfare advice improves short-term mental health and well-being, reduces financial strain and generates considerable financial returns.
Improving the Accessibility of Patient Care Through Integration of the Hospital and Radiation Oncology Electronic Health Records
Authors: Solanki Abhishek Ashok , Surucu Murat , Bajaj Amishi , Kaczmarz Barbara , Martin Brendan , Price Jennifer , Perino Courtney , McCoo Teresita , Payonk Gayle , Roeske John C. , Small William
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Radiation therapy (RT)–specific aspects of a patient’s cancer care commonly are documented and scheduled through a radiation oncology electronic health record (rEHR). However, patients who receive RT also receive multidisciplinary care from providers who use the hospital EHR (hEHR). We created an electronic interface to integrate our hEHR and rEHR to improve communication of the RT aspects of care between our department and the rest of the hospital. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of rEHR and hEHR integration on the accessibility of the RT-specific aspects of patient care to providers.

Methods and Materials

We performed a preintegration and postintegration survey of 175 staff members at our academic cancer center. Respondents rated the importance and accessibility of several RT encounters and documents on a Likert scale. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, χ2, and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare preintegration and postintegration responses.

Results

There were 32 and 19 responses to the pre- and postintegration surveys, respectively. rEHR items most commonly reported to be at least moderately important were the dates of first treatment (n = 29 [91%]), last treatment (n = 29 [91%]), brachytherapy (n = 22 [69%]), radiosurgery (n = 22 [69%]), and computed tomography simulation (n = 21 [66%]). A drastic improvement was found in most items made visible in the hEHR through the interface.

Conclusion

By integrating our hEHR and rEHR, we improved the communication of patient care between the RT department and the multidisciplinary team. Institutions should pursue and support integration of the EHRs to improve the quality of care provided to patients with cancer.
Impacts of Early Guideline-Directed 21-Gene Recurrence Score Testing on Adjuvant Therapy Decision Making
Authors: Dzimitrowicz Hannah , Mougalian Sarah , Storms Sherri , Hurd Sandra , Chagpar Anees B. , Killelea Brigid K. , Horowitz Nina R. , Lannin Donald R. , Harigopal Malini , Hofstatter Erin , DiGiovanna Michael P. , Adelson Kerin B. , Silber Andrea , Abu-Khalaf Maysa , Chung Gina , Zaheer Wajih , Abdelghany Osama , Hatzis Christos , Pusztai Lajos , Sanft Tara B.
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay is used to help formulate adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations for patients with estrogen receptor–positive, early-stage breast cancer. Most frequently, medical oncologists order RS after surgery. Results take an additional 2 weeks to return, which can delay decision making. We conducted a prospective quality-improvement project to assess the impact of early guideline-directed RS ordering by surgeons before the first visit with a medical oncologist on adjuvant therapy decision making.

Materials and Methods:

Surgical oncologists ordered RS testing following National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines at time of diagnosis or at time of surgery between July 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015. We measured the testing rate of patients eligible for RS, time to chemotherapy decisions, rates of chemotherapy use, accrual to RS-based clinical trials, cost, and physician acceptance of the policy and compared the results to patients who met eligibility criteria for early guideline-directed testing during the 6 months before the project.

Results:

Ninety patients met eligibility criteria during the testing period. RS was ordered for 91% of patients in the early testing group compared with 76% of historical controls ( P < .001). Median time to chemotherapy decision was significantly shorter in the early testing group (20 days; 95% CI, 17 to 23 days) compared with historical controls (32 days; 95% CI, 29 to 35 days; P < .001). There were no significant differences in time to chemotherapy initiation, chemotherapy use, RS-based trial enrollment, or calculated costs between the groups.

Conclusion:

Early guideline-directed RS testing in selected patients is an effective way to shorten time to treatment decisions.
Glossing the Vulgate after the Reformation: The Marginalia of the Catholic Tutor, Thomas Marwood
Authors: Cheely Daniel
Published: October 2017

The Reformers' campaign to purge bibles of marginal glosses, finally achieved in the Authorized Version of 1611, was first achieved in the authenticated version of Latin Catholicism—the Sixtine Vulgate of 1590. Its sola scriptura format, however, did not last. Church authorities, printers, and readers scrambled to restore paratexts soon thereafter. Among the readers who marked up their bibles was Thomas Marwood, a later seventeenth-century tutor for a Catholic gentry family. Investigating how Marwood creatively imitated the scholastics' dense theological commentary and opposed currents of vernacular bible culture illuminates how a layman made a Latin bible speak to the circumstances of dwelling both within a Reformed kingdom and across the Catholic world. This study reveals how aggressive annotation practices could be at once both a result and a rejection of Reformation experience. Finally, it reconsiders dualistic interpretive frameworks of conformity and nonconformity, resistance and community, for understanding early modern Bible reading generally.