bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KETAHANAN PANGAN KELUARGA DAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG GRAFIK PERTUMBUHAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI BADUTA DI DESA PAMBOBORANG
Authors: Darmin dina
Published: July 2021

Masa baduta merupakan  masa emas atau window of opportunity,Usia ini sangat penting karena perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak yang sangat pesat sehingga semua kebutuhan gizinya harus terpenuhi. Untuk mendapatkan generasi sehat dan kuat dan mewujudkan Indonesia prima, maka skala prioritas program ialah mulai anak masih dalam  kandungan sampai berumur 2 tahun. Dalam  memantau  pertumbuhan anak telah hadir Kartu Menuju Sehat modifikasi dari WHO-NCHS dan wajib dimiliki oleh semua balita. Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan ketahanan pangan keluarga dan pengetahuan  ibu tentang grafik pertumbuhan  terhadap status gizi baduta di Desa Pamboborang Kabupaten  Majene. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh baduta di Desa Pamboborang. Sampel penelitian sebanyak  40 responden dengan  menggunakan purposif sampling dan instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Tekhnik analisa data menggunakan Uji Statistik Chi square dengan nilai α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa terdapat hubungan antar ketahanan pangan keluarga terhadap status gizi baduta dengan p=0,042 < α=0,05 , tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang grafik pertumbuhan terhadap status gizi baduta dengan nilai p=1 > α=0,05. Sehingga disimpulkan terdapat hubungan  antara  ketahanan pangan keluarga terhadap status gizi dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang grafik pertumbuhan terhadap status gizi baduta. Sehingga disarankan kepada para ibu baduta agar selalu memperhatikan asupan makanan yang baik dan rutin ke posyandu agar dapat diketahui perkembangan status gizi balitanya.
KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN KANKER YANG MENJALANI KEMOTERAPI DI RUMAH SAKIT AWAL BROS BATAM TAHUN 2019
Authors: Tivanny
Published: July 2021

Cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy will experience many changes in their lives. Changes that will change their lives due to cancer and the effects of chemotherapy that will affect aspects of human life holistically and will also affect the quality of life. This study aims to analyze the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy by describing their physical, psychological, and social conditions. The type of research used is qualitative with in-depth interviews (in dept interview) and observation. Participants in this study were 8 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Awal Bros Hospital in Batam according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was conducted in May 2020- July 2020. Qualitative   data analysis with content analysis. From the results of the research, the physical condition of the patient after undergoing chemotherapy, the body feels weak, cannot walk long distances, has pain in the whole body, it is difficult to rest, has decreased in activity and the ability to concentrate is decreased. The patient's psychological condition while undergoing chemotherapy, the patient experiences emotions that make the patient think negatively about his physical condition, such as a patient who wants to give up on chemotherapy. Social support for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy receives emotional support, motivation from family and health workers and becomes financially dependent. Nurses can further improve the quality of providing multi-dimensional nursing care according to the problems experienced by advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and can provide new insights in the science of oncology.
EFEKTIFITAS MENGUNYAH PERMEN KARET TERHADAP XEROSTOMIA PADA PASIEN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT AWAL BROS BATAM TAHUN 2019
Authors: PUTRI
Published: July 2021

Chronic kidney failure or chronic kidney disease is a progressive deviation, kidney function that can not recover, where the body's ability to maintain metabolic balance, fluid and electrolytes, resulting in uremia. This condition is caused by chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, uncontrolled hypertension, hereditary lesions, vascular abnormalities, urinary tract obstruction, diabetes, and infections. Today, chronic kidney disease is a disease whose prevalence continues to increase. World Health Organization (WHO) released data on growth in the number of patients with chronic kidney failure in 2013 increased by 50% from the previous year and in America the incidence of chronic kidney failure increased by 50% in 2014 and every year 200,000 Americans undergo hemodialysis Hemodialysis is one way to remove metabolic waste products in the form of a solution and water that is in the blood through a semipermeable membrane or called a dialyzer. The working principle of fluid transfer in hemodialysis is diffusion, osmosis, ultrafiltration and convection. Changes in fluid and electrolyte balance in Chronic Kidney Failure patients result in changes in salivary composition and flow (Fan, Zhang, Luo, Niu & Gu, 2013). In addition to changes in salivary composition and flow, patients with chronic renal failure also experience changes in dry mouth (xerostomia) due to increased ureum concentrations in the blood (Fan et al., 2013). Chewing Gum Xylitol is a candy that no artificial sweeteners activity of chewing gum, low-sugar two eggs approximately 10 minutes to 3x / day for 2 weeks would lead to mechanical stimulation and chemical that can move reflex saliva to stimulate the receptor that is monitored by the trigeminal nerve (V) and facial nerve (VII) as a taste. Sympathetic nerve stimulation will accelerate the secretion of all salivary glands in large quantities which can reduce the sensation of thirst that appears . From the results of research using the method of comparison in get , look the frequency of xerostomia before the intervention mostly dominated by xerostomia weight of 67% and the visible frequency of xerostomia after intervention largely dominated by xerostomia mild 67% , Based on the output "Test Statistics" in table 4.4 above, known p-value is 0,000. Because the value of 0.003 is smaller than <0.05, it can be concluded that "H0 is rejected", or in other words there is "Effectiveness of Chewing Gum Against Xerostomia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Who Underwent Hemodialysis at Batam Bros Initial Hospital in 2020
ρan-ρan
Authors: Hogg Norman , Mulholland Neil
Published: July 2021

With the peristaltic gurglings of this gastēr-investigative procedural – a soooo welcomed addition to the ballooning corpus of slot-versatile bad eggs The Confraternity of Neoflagellants (CoN) – [users] and #influencers everywhere will be belly-joyed to hold hands with neomedieval mutter-matter that literally sticks and branches, available from punctum in both frictionless and grip-gettable boke-shaped formats.

A game-changer in Brownian temp-controlled phoneme capture, ρan-ρan’s writhing paginations are completely oxygen-soaked, overwriting the flavour profiles of 2013’s thN Lng folk 2go with no-holds-barred argumentations on all voice-like and lung-adjacent functions. Rumoured by experts to be dead to the World™, CoN has clearly turned its ear canal arrays towards the jabbering OMFG feedback signals from their scores of naive listeners, scrapping all lenticular exegesis and content profiles to construct taped-together vernacular dwellings housing ‘shrooming atmospheric awarenesses and pan-dimensional cross-talkers, making this anticipatory sequel a serious competitor across ambient markets, and a crowded kitchen in its own right.

An utterly mondegreen-infested deep end may deter would-be study buddies from taking the plunge, but feet-wetted Dog Heads eager to sniff around for temporal folds and whiff past the stank of hastily proscribed future fogs ought to ©k no further than the roll-upable-rim of ρan-ρan’s bleeeeeding premodern lagoon. Arrange yerself cannonball-wise or lead with the #gut and you’ll be kersplashing in no times.

-
Correlation Between Lipid Profile with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression
Authors: Pinakesty Angiesta , Azizah Restu Noor
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that has increased from year to year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not caused by lack of insulin secretion, but is caused by the failure of the body's cells to respond to the hormone insulin (insulin resistance). Insulin resistance was found to be a major contributor to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia in DM risks 2 to 4 times higher than non-DM. Although dyslipidemia has a great risk for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, this conventional risk factor only explains a portion (25%) of excess cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM.

Discussion: In uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, LDL oxidation occurs faster which results from an increase in chronic blood glucose levels. Glycemic control as a determinant of DM progressivity is determined through HbA1c examination. HbA1c levels are associated with blood triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, triglyceride levels are associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. HbA1c levels are also associated with LDL cholesterol levels.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between lipid profile and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 

Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, glycemic control, lipid profile
POTENSI EKSTRAK BUNGA KAMBOJA (PLUMERIA SP.) DAN BUNGA KLUWIH (ARTOCARPUS CAMANSI) SEBAGAI BIOLARVASIDA NYAMUK ANOPHELES SP. DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT MALARIA
Authors: Adnyani Suari Luh Gde Sri , Haq Abiyyu Didar , Rahayu Luh Ade Dita
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Pendahuluan: Malaria merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan yang menjadi perhatian banyak negara di seluruh dunia, terutama di Indonesia yang merupakan negara dengan iklim tropis. Untuk meminimalkan penularan malaria maka dilakukan upaya pengendalian terhadap Anopheles sp sebagai nyamuk penular malaria. Beberapa upaya pengendalian vektor yang dilakukan misalnya dilakukan larviciding. Insektisida konvensional seperti malathion, DDT dan piretroid yang umumnya digunakan untuk pengendalian vektor, diketahui menyebabkan masalah seperti polusi lingkungan, efek residu dan resistensi pada spesies nyamuk. Maka dari itu, kita harus mencari alternatif dari penggunaan insektisida yang berlebihan, mencari alternatif yang lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi dijadikan larvasida alami yaitu bunga kamboja dan bunga kluwih.

Metode: Tinjauan pustaka ini menggunakan berbagai bentuk sumber yang didapatkan dari portal publikasi daring.

Pembahasan: Ekstrak bunga Plumeria sp. menunjukkan adanya steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, tanin dan minyak atsiri. Senyawa steroid, flavonoid, dan alkaloid merupakan beberapa senyawa yang diperkirakan memiliki efek larvisida. Steroid dapat menghambat pertumbuhan serangga yaitu perubahan dari stadium larva ke pupa dan sebaliknya. Flavonoid bekerja sebagai racun pernapasan. Alkaloid berperan sebagai racun kontak dan menghambat acetylcholinesterase, menimbulkan rasa pahit sehingga mengganggu proses pengambilan makan oleh larva. Sedangkan bunga kluwih mengandung senyawa seperti saponin, flavonoid, polifenol, yang memiliki efek mekanisme berurutan yaitu penghambat rangsang makan serangga, inhibitor pernafasan, hormon penghambat moulting.

Simpulan: Kombinasi ekstrak bunga kamboja (Plumeria sp.) dan bunga kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai biolarvasida nyamuk Anopheles sp.

 

Kata Kunci: Kamboja, Kluwih, Biolarvasida, Malaria
Reasonable accommodation in Irish constitutional law: two steps forward and one step back – or simply out of step?
Authors: Quinlivan Shivaun , Buckley Lucy-Ann
Published: July 2021

By ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), Ireland has committed to implementing the principle of reasonable accommodation in multiple contexts. To date, however, it has failed to expand existing legislative measures. This article analyses the potential of the Irish Constitution to encompass a reasonable accommodation duty and meet Ireland’s CRPD obligations. It examines the constitutional model of equality, as well as judicial conceptualisations of disability, and argues that the Constitution is capable of accommodating a more robust legislative standard for reasonable accommodation than often thought, which is compatible with the CRPD. It also contends that recent decisions offer potential for the development of a constitutional reasonable accommodation duty. However, these apparent gains are fragile and the current constitutional capacity to accommodate CRPD requirements is undermined by continuing judicial contestation. The Constitution should therefore be amended so that Ireland can meet its international human rights obligations.
Life in Plastic, It’s not Fantastic: The Economics of Plastic Pollution
Authors: Reis Filipa , Wu Shuangyue , Potyatynnyk Khrystyna
Published: July 2021

Since the 1950s, the production of plastic surpassed the production of almost every other material. If the trends in plastic production - and oil consumption - continue at its current rate, estimates are that by 2050 there will be about 12 billion tonnes of plastic litter in the environment and the plastic industry will be responsible for 20% of the world’s total oil consumption. Globally, management of the increasingly large quantity of plastic waste has been challenging, with only 9% of plastic being recycled and almost 80% of plastic being either dumped, disposed in landfills or littered in the environment, resulting in an estimated 4 to 12 million metric tonnes (Mt) of plastic waste in the oceans annually. The improvement of solid waste management systems has not accompanied the rapid growth of plastic production, creating market inefficiencies with serious downstream effects on human health, quality of life and the environment – in particular marine life. Ultimately, there is no “one size-fits-all” solution to the current plastic problem. Governments, businesses and individuals all have a major role to play in paving the way for a circular economy with more sustainable patterns of consumption and a more efficient design of plastic products
The Other Muslim Bans
Authors: Smiley Will
Published: July 2021

This Article addresses and critiques the case for state-level legislative bans on courts citing “Islamic law” or the law of Muslim-majority countries. In particular, the Article reviews the most substantive evidence adduced by the bans’ supporters, in the form of a set of state court cases published by the Center for Security Policy (CSP). Very few of these cases, in fact, show courts actually applying Islamic or foreign law, and in none of these cases would the various forms of proposed legislation have been likely to alter the result. Thus even this report does not suggest a need for the state laws purporting to ban sharīʿa. The Article thus argues that even if these bans are not unconstitutionally discriminatory in their effect, they are ineffective at achieving their claimed purpose.

This Article was originally published as an Occasional Paper in the Harvard Papers in Islamic Law series in 2018.
A Precedent for the Unprecedented
Authors: Schriber Ari
Published: July 2021

Historical Reflections on Plague, Quarantine, and Islamic Law in Morocco, written as part of the 2020 Roundtable on pandemics.
Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Hukum Merek Terkenal Konvensi Paris ke dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis
Authors: Alfarizi Maolana
Published: July 2021

Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menarik para pemilik usaha untuk memperdagangkan barang dan jasa milik pelaku usaha asing yang ada di Indonesia. Agar barang dan jasa terlindungi para pelaku usaha akan melakukan upaya perlindungan yang maksimal. Dalam dunia usaha saat ini, banyak sekali kita jumpai merek-merek terkenal yang berasal dari luar maupun dalam negeri. Kebutuhan untuk melindungi merek terkenal menjadi hal yang sangat penting, dalam menghadapi pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang terjadi dalam perdagangan barang dan jasa. Perlindungan terhadap merek terkenal sangat dibutuhkan untuk menghindari kerugian pemegang merek dan konsumen pemakai barang dan jasa. Peraturan internasional tentang merek terkenal sudah diatur dalam konvensi paris dan diakomodasi Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membahas mengenai prinsip perlindungan hukum merek terkenal dalam konvensi paris serta penerapannya setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif, merupakan metode yang dilakukan berdasarkan bahan hukum utama dengan cara menelaah teori-teori, konsep-konsep, asas-asas hukum serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa merek terkenal adalah merek yang telah diketahui oleh masyarakat umum di bidang usaha, memiliki reputasi tinggi karena diperoleh dari promosi yang gencar dan besar-besaran, investasi di beberapa negara di dunia yang dilakukan oleh pemiliknya, dan disertai bukti pendaftaran merek tersebut di beberapa Negara. Adapun secara lebih detail mengenai kriteria merek terkenal, dijelaskan dalam pasal 18 ayat (3) Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 67 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pendaftaran Merek.
Efektivitas Penanganan Tindak Pidana Pemilu oleh Gakumdu Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum
Authors: Yuliawati Nina
Published: July 2021

Pemilu merupakan bentuk nyata dari konsep demokrasi, sebagai salah satu asas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Indonesia. Namun dalam pelaksanaan pesta demokrasi tersebut nya masih terjadi kekurangan-kekurangan. Beberapa sering menjadi sorotan adalah maraknya politik uang dalam setiap pemilihan mulai dari pemilihan kepala desa hingga pemilihan presiden. Salah satu faktor penyebab maraknya politik uang karena belum adanya kesadaran dari sebagian besar rakyat Indonesia bahwa pemilu merupakan wahana yang paling efektif bagi penegakan kedaulatan rakyat.  Hal tersebut dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana pemilu yang ancaman sanksinya sudah tegas. Dalam Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu memperlihatkan keseriusan pemerintah dalam memberantas tindak pidana pemilu melalui pembentukkan Gakkumdu. Gakkumdu sebagai sentra penegakan hukum terpadu memiliki peran penting dalam penanganan tindak pidana pemilu. Dalam Pasal 486 butir (1) UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 secara eksplisit dijelaskan dibentuknya Gakkumdu bermaksud untuk menyamakan pemahaman dan pola penanganan tindak pidana pemilu oleh Bawaslu, Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, dan Kejaksaan Agung Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis proses penanganan pidana pemilu melalui Gakumdu dan efektivitas penyelesaian pidana pemilu melalui sentra Gakumdu pada Pemilu 2019 dibandingkan dengan Pilkada 2018. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris yang bersifat evaluatif (hukum dilihat sebagai norma) dengan jenis penelitiannya adalah kualitatif. Keseriusan dalam memberantas tindak pidana pemilu melalui pembentukkan Gakkumdu, terdiri dari Bawaslu, Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, dan Kejaksaan Agung Republik Indonesia (sesuai dengan tingkatannya hingga kabupaten/kota). Bawaslu membutuhkan kerja sama dari kepolisian dan kejaksaan agar ketiga lembaga ini saling mendukung satu sama lain dalam melakukan penanganan pelanggaran. Hal ini karena penanganan pelanggaran pidana Pemilu memiliki lex spesialis dalam penanganannya terutama soal waktu.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO SERVIÇO DE INSPEÇÃO ESCOLAR PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Santiago Marcus Antônio
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar, abordar e retomar a formação do Inspetor Escolar. Analisar as principais concepções do serviço que norteiam a sua prática diária. Apresentar ações e perspectivas do serviço de modo geral. Discutir a educação com base direcionada para o planejamento, políticas públicas educacionais, gestão e interação com outros grupos dos estabelecimentos de ensino que pertencem a rede de ensino público e privado da Educação Básica. Compreender a estrutura organizacional como possibilidade que favoreça a dinamicidade e comunicação entre os organismos regionais, estaduais da educação e suas unidades escolares. Refletir sobre aspectos sociais, ideológicos, políticos e administrativos que afetam direta e indiretamente a organização e as relações entre comunidade escolar e sociedade. Contextualizar atividades inerentes à função técnica-administrativa-pedagógica do Inspetor Escolar. Rever e propor perspectivas para o trabalho participativo e global dentro do espaço escolar; possibilitando que esse seja um lugar norteado pelos princípios da ética e educação, através de ações concretas que tragam novas abordagens nos processos organizacionais de cada instituição de ensino onde promova a comunicação e respeito entre todos os envolvidos na construção de uma educação de qualidade.
O PRINCÍPIO DA INSIGNIFICÂNCIA NO DIREITO PENAL
Authors: Fernandes Dênis Fabrício
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo busca salientar o surgimento e desenvolvimento do princípio da insignificância, relacionando-se com outros princípios do direito penal e, posteriormente, com uma visão atual da doutrina e jurisprudência, tendo em vista que a adoção do princípio da insignificância auxilia na tarefa de reduzir ao máximo o campo de atuação do direito penal, reservando-o apenas para a tutela jurídica de valores sociais indiscutíveis. A pesquisa em geral mostra alguns aspectos do Direito Penal, a relevância do tema, seus fundamentos, sua aplicabilidade e, também, os seus efeitos como excludente da tipicidade penal material. Objetiva-se mostrar que, mesmo havendo um obstáculo de avaliação da ofensa nos delitos não materiais e ausência de previsão legal, a doutrina (crítica) e a jurisprudência vêm admitindo o princípio da insignificância, ou interpretação interativa, desde que não contra a lei vigente e que o princípio da insignificância vem atuando como instrumento de interpretação restritiva do tipo penal, com o significado sistemático e político-criminal de expressão da regra constitucional do nullum crimen sine lege, que nada mais faz do que revelar a natureza subsidiária e fragmentária do direito penal. Destarte, o judiciário vem reconhecendo, em certos casos, a ninharia penal de condutas a princípio consideradas crimes, mas que por sua vez tornam-se insignificantes por não apresentarem gravidade contra aos bens jurídicos protegidos pela lei penal, frente ao princípio da insignificância.
Effects of civil conflicts on global oil prices and their impact on the energy sector
Authors: Ang'u Cohen , Muthama Nzioka John , Oludhe Christopher , Kong'ani Lilian N. S.
Published: July 2021

Recent research has increasingly interrogated the association between oil and civil conflicts within the political context while overlooking the primary use of oil. This paper examines three aspects of the claim “oil is a curse”. First, is it true? Second, is there a link between oil and civil conflicts? And third, do higher oil prices affect the energy sector, specifically electricity generation and pricing? By employing correlation matrices with data spanning from 1970 to 2016 at both global and local scale, the results of this analysis indicate that oil may be a curse or a blessing. Observation of oil prices and civil conflicts suggest a relationship between higher oil prices and severe civil conflicts with foreign state intervention. Severe imperial/colonial conflicts are associated with lower oil prices while no relationship is observed between oil prices and state based civil conflicts. These findings demonstrate that civil conflicts can arise in cases when oil prices are low and that foreign states have a bearing on oil related conflicts. Both electricity generation from conventional thermal sources and the fuel cost charge component of electricity prices are highly affected by global oil prices with correlations of 0.54 and 0.74, respectively. Renewable electricity sources - hydropower and geothermal were unaffected by global oil prices. This study does not endorse the use of conventional thermal sources for electricity generation while inviting more in-depth case studies on the link between civil conflicts and oil price shocks and their effects on the energy sector.
Prevalencia parasitaria en diferentes fuentes de aguas de las comunidades del río chagres en los año 2010-2019
Authors: Juárez Yelissa , Sandoval Nidia
Published: July 2021

En las orillas del río Chagres viven comunidades indígenas y rurales que carecen de aguas seguras para su consumo, por lo que han padecido enfermedades gastrointestinales durante años que afectan su desarrollo. Para demostrar esta situación de desigualdad socioeconómica existente en la capital de Panamá, el propósito de esta investigación es conocer la prevalencia de parásitos de las aguas de río Chagres utilizadas para el consumo humano. Para lo cual se colectó 10 L de agua de consumo, en 10 puntos dentro de las comunidades indígenas (AChPP y AChT) y 15 puntos en una comunidad rural (AChVL). Los resultados encontrados revelan que el 67% de las aguas de río usados para el consumo y el 24% de las aguas de acueducto tienen parásitos (p=0.11886). Además, se observa que las dos comunidades indígenas tienen un 40% de prevalencia parasitaria en comparación con el 21% de la comunidad rural (p=1.0000). El estudio confirma la necesidad de mejorar la calidad del agua en estas tres comunidades del río Chagres.
Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the small intestine presenting with intractable gastrointestinal bleeding: An uncommon tumor with diagnostic challenge and poor prognosis
Authors: Onyenekwu Chinelo Pamela , Singh Reena , Miller James Adam , Mostafa Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Angiosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm of vascular origin. Commonly, this tumor occurs due to metastases from other sites like the head and neck region and the soft tissue. When occurring as a primary tumor of the intestines, this entity poses a diagnostic dilemma due to its non-specific clinical presentation, coupled to its infiltrative features that may occur without an obvious lesion amenable to routine gastrointestinal interventions. The findings from an autopsy and surgical case with a brief review of its diagnostic features and relevant literature are discussed.Methods: We present a 73-year-old male with a history of a recent onset of gastrointestinal bleeding who was referred to our facility for persisting bleeding. He underwent endoscopy without an identifiable source of bleeding and subsequently received a colectomy at our facility, with repeated blood transfusions for persisting gastrointestinal bleeding. He was eventually transitioned to hospice and died shortly after presentation. A complete autopsy was performed.Results: There was anasarca with hemoperitoneum and intestinal intraluminal blood. Present in the small intestinal mucosa were three hemorrhagic nodules. Histologically, the nodules demonstrated medium to large epithelioid vasoformative neoplastic cells infiltrating through the wall of the small intestine and extending to the omentum. The findings from the gross and histology examination, as well as the immunohistochemical stains were consistent with an epithelioid angiosarcoma.Conclusion: Primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the intestine is an uncommon aggressive tumor that poses a diagnostic challenge. Although rare, this diagnosis needs to be considered in patients with intractable gastrointestinal bleeding. Due to its morphologic overlap with other benign and malignant neoplasms, the use of ancillary testing during histologic examination is key in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.
Tensile strength of corroded steel bars
Authors: Murakami Flavia de Fatima Emi , Ferreira Elizamary Otto , Balestra Carlos Eduardo Tino , Savaris Gustavo
Published: July 2021

Among the pathological manifestations associated with reinforced concrete, corrosion of the reinforcement is one of the most serious issues since it is related to the durability of the structures and the safety of the users. Although the reinforcement in the structural components is protected by a covering layer, carbonation or the presence of chlorides in the concrete generates necessary conditions for corrosion of the reinforcement. This causes a reduction in the cross section and the generation of products that, due to their volumetric expansion, cause cracks in the interior of the concrete. This work evaluates the effects of corrosion on mechanical properties of corroded reinforcements through accelerated conditions in the laboratory. Steel bars installed inside cylindrical concrete specimens are subjected to accelerated corrosion, immersed in a saline solution with the application of an electric current for periods of 1, 3, 5 and 7 d. After corrosion, the steel bars are removed and their weight loss, degree of corrosion and tensile strength are evaluated. The results demonstrate an increased degree of corrosion with exposure time to the saline solution and the non-uniform reduction of the tensile strength of the bars due to the formation of corrosion pits with varying depth along the bar.
A gestão de documentos frente aos requisitos SIGAD
Authors: Vendramini Virgínia , Aleixo Diana Vilas Boas Souto
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A Gestão de Documentos Arquivísticos constitui-se como estratégia essencial aos ambientes administrativos. Neste contexto, insere o SIGAD, a fim de propiciar uma relação orgânica entre os documentos e a garantia de confiabilidade, autenticidade e de acesso a longo prazo. Objetivo: Analisar as funções arquivísticas preconizadas pela gestão de documentos frente aos requisitos do SIGAD. Metodologia: Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quali-quantitativa, que utiliza procedimentos bibliográficos e documentais. Resultados: Apurou-se que a relevância da tríade das funções de classificação, avaliação e descrição, marca presença embasando direcionamentos presentes nos requisitos do SIGAD. Conclusões: Visualiza-se que o debate e inserção das tecnologias de gestão de conteúdos no ambiente arquivístico pode viabilizar novas estratégias e métodos amparados nas premissas teóricas do campo arquivístico.
Teachers’ Perception towards Formative Assessment in Saudi Universities’ Context: A Review of Literature
Authors: Alsubaiai Hanan Sarhan Megaad
Published: July 2021

Formative assessment has received considerable attention among scholars around the world. In Saudi Arabia, formative assessment is perceived as a promising opportunity for improving learning outcomes. The review of literature presents formative assessment as a serious issue that can affect students’ outcomes. In particular, teachers’ perception is an important factor that determines their willingness to apply specific assessment strategies in class. According to the findings, formative assessment leads to positive student outcomes. Importantly, the overall perception towards formative is multi-factored. As such, a single factor cannot be blamed for teachers’ perception and attitude outcomes. Notably, teacher’ experience, education level, and other factors define their perception towards formative assessment. As such, any efforts to influence their perspective will have a significant positive outcome on their willingness to apply formative assessment. However, a further study is needed to quantify the significance of teachers’ perception in influencing their decision to apply formative or summative assessment. 
Sobre la protección de la colaboración de los Animales No Humanos como titulares de derechos sociales
Authors: Medina Álvarez Ulises Nelson
Published: July 2021

Desde una aproximación socio-jurídica, se realizará un análisis de las principales formas de colaboración observadas en distintos animales no humanos, tanto en sus interrelaciones como especies así como con otros seres sintientes, incluyendo al ser humano en un plano de igualdad. El abordaje de estudio es de un carácter animalista, rescatando las principales tendencias que han surgido desde el derecho, la sociología y otras ciencias conexas respecto a la condición de los animales no humanos como titulares de derechos, así como los argumentos existentes para proteger sus derechos en una dimensión colectiva, sin perjuicio de analizar las normativas actuales locales e internacionales, contribuyendo desde lo actual a un debate muy abierto a propósito del sufrimiento animal.
Los rituales del espacio público en la configuración del régimen franquista. Estudio del Congreso Eucarístico de Bilbao,1944
Authors: Altuna Etxeberria Maialen
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es ahondar en el análisis de la construcción simbólica del franquismo poniendo la atención en el Congreso Eucarístico de Bilbao de 1944.  El interés se centra en identificar los elementos plásticos, sensoriales y teatrales que se utilizaban en estos rituales y con ello se pretende ahondar más en el estudio de los elementos no discursivos que operaban en el control social y la imposición del orden social franquista.El foco del análisis se centra en los momentos rituales en los que se ocupaban las calles de la ciudad y profundiza también en su significado. Por un lado, la misa y procesión destinada a niños y niñas se vincula al intento de crear una impronta emocional y afectar a las subjetividades de los que se consideraban el futuro de la nación. Por el otro, la procesión final en la que estaban llamados a participar activamente solo los hombres pudo ser útil para representar simbólicamente el papel que debía representar cada miembro de la sociedad en la nación franquista, reforzando para ello un modelo de masculinidad paternalista de corte carlista que fue ganando protagonismo en el régimen por su potencial para conseguir el orden social en la posguerra.
Homenagem a Edgar Morin: entre o conhecimento e a vida
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Lucia
Published: July 2021

O texto pretende alcançar Edgar Morin em seus 100 anos. Remete à sua obra como à de um visionário que sabe explorar genialidade intelectual e experiência vivida. Através de alguns depoimentos de pesquisadores, revela a forte expressão do pensamento complexo em trajetórias profissionais e pessoais. E, no encontro com o autor, a importância da compreensão humana para superar demônios e possessões da razão na formação do pensamento livre.
A Pilot Study of the Breath Stacking Technique Associated with Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Videofluoroscopic Findings in the Upper Airway
Authors: Dorça Alessandra , Sarmet Max , de Sena Sousa Rocha Edna , Marra Murilo , Million Janae , Diniz Denise , Maldaner Vinicius
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Bulbar impairment represents a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that significantly impacts survival and quality of life. Respiratory complications arise because of the weakness of the upper airway and respiratory muscles leading to respiratory failure, impaired swallowing, and reduced airway safety. Breath stacking and respiratory muscle endurance training are techniques that have been described to improve respiratory and bulbar function in patients with ALS. Considering the above, a respiratory technique named TR3 was developed. This study aimed to measure the acute effects of this technique on the upper airway through videofluoroscopy and to assess its clinical trial feasibility in patients with ALS. Material andmethods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled participants diagnosed with ALS to perform a single session of TR3. Epidemiological data and baseline assessments were collected. The assessments included kinematics from videofluoroscopy measuring the retropalatal airspace size, the size of the narrowest airway, and the pharyngeal area during rest and TR3. Results: Eight participants were included. During TR3, an acute increase of 15% was observed in the retropalatal airspace size (t = 5.14, p < 0.01), a 123% increase was observed in the size of the narrowest airway (t = –4.18, p < 0.001), and a 277% increase was observed in the pharyngeal area (t = –5.34, p < 0.001). Conclusions: During the intervention, TR3 showed acute effects in increasing pharyngeal constriction, pharyngeal expansion, retropalatal airspace size, and post-lingual narrowest airway size and is feasible for a larger research program. A clinical trial (NCT04226144) is already being conducted to assess the chronic therapeutic effects of this technique and its impact on the clinical evolution of ALS.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Effectiveness Between an Expert and a Student in the Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis by Transbronchial Biopsy of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes under the Control of Endosonography
Authors: Kubicki Piotr , Szlubowski Artur , Jastrzębski Dariusz , Czyżewski Damian , Ziora Dariusz
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) of mediastinal lymph nodes is currently considered to be the most effective minimally invasive diagnostic method in patients with suspected stage I and II sarcoidosis. However, diagnostic effectiveness depends on the experience and skills of the doctor which is dependent on the number of correctly performed procedures. The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic effectiveness of the EBUS-TBNA test obtained by an expert in this field vs that of his student. Material and methods: in patients with a clinical and radiological suspicion of sarcoidosis, EBUS-TBNA procedures were performed by an expert (over 1000 previously performed tests) and by his student who completed basic training (15 procedures performed). In the expert’s opinion, the student was experienced enough to perform the EBUS-TBNA on his own. Previously, more than 100 conventional fibreoptic bronchoscopies had been performed by the student. During that time, he had been working in the department of pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis for two years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), and accuracy of the EBUS-TBNA test in diagnosing sarcoidosis were calculated. Statistical evaluation was made using ROC curves for the expert and for the student. Results: The study included 215 patients between 22–68 years of age with suspected sarcoidosis who were diagnosed between 2013–2016. 124 EBUS-TBNA tests were performed by the expert, and 91 procedures were performed by the student. The presence of sarcoid granulomas was confirmed by a biopsy in 165 (76.7%) patients. In terms of the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, a higher sensitivity and accuracy of the EBUS test was found in the procedures done by the expert (76.7% and 95.3%, respectively) as compared to the results obtained by the student (66.1% and 93.1%, respectively). However, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.11). All tests were assessed in a hospital pathology unit, but not necessarily by one person, which may be a limitation of our research. In this study, only cytological smears were taken into consideration. Conclusions: In the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, the student, after appropriate training by an expert, achieved a comparable level of diagnostic effectiveness with EBUS-TBNA after performing 90 tests independently.
Auto-Titrating Versus Fixed-EPAP Intelligent Volume-Assured Pressure Support (iVAPS) Ventilation in Patients with COPD and Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Magdy Doaa , Metwally Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Background: Intelligent volume-assured pressure support (iVAPS) is a new noninvasive ventilation (NIV) mode that can automatically adjust pressure support to deliver effective ventilation. Our aim was to compare treatment efficacy and level of satisfaction between auto-titrating expiratory positive airway pressure (auto-EPAP) and fixed expiratory positive airway pressure (fixed-EPAP) during iVAPS treatment in stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Material and methods: In this prospective single-blinded, randomized study, 50 patients with chronic stable hypercapnia (COPD) who met the study criteria were randomized into a group I treated with auto-EPAP and a group II who received fixed-EPAP during iVAPS treatment for 5 consecutive days. The patients’ characteristics, arterial blood gases, and lung function test were recorded. Numeric rating scale (NRS), dyspnea and comfort scale were obtained. The study subjects were evaluated and followed up after initiating therapy for 5 consecutive days. Outcome measures were recorded at baseline (T0) and after three (T1) and five (T2) days of each consecutive period All parameters were collected and statistically analyzed. Result: No significant differences were found regarding age, sex, or BMI between the both groups. It was noted that daytime PaCO2 decreased significantly over the follow-up period in the group I patients treated with auto-EPAP as compared with fixed-EPAP. Regarding the patient comfort and dyspnea during iVAPS treatment, dyspnea sensation was significantly lower with auto-EPAP 7.9 ± 1.8 (T0) vs. 3.5 ± 1.1 (T2), p = 0.001 and fixed-EPAP 7.7 ± 1.9 (T0) vs. 3.4 ± 1.6 (T2), p = 0.001, but no significance was reached between the both groups. However, auto-EPAP demonstrated significant improvement in comfort when compared with fixed-EPAP modality. However, the overall satisfaction of the patients receiving auto-EPAP modality was significantly increased. Mean tidal volume tended to be higher in auto-EPAP 698 ± 213 mL compared with 628 ± 178 mL in fixed-EPAP (p = 0.001). The air leak was significantly lower in auto-adjusting mode (2.5 ± 1.3 vs. 3.7 ± 2.2 L/ min) in fixed-EPAP modality. Conclusion: Auto-titrating NIV mode may provide additional benefit in decreasing PaCO2 more efficiently and improve patient comfort and satisfaction.
Quem quer paróquia, quer templo: a igreja matriz da Paróquia de Nossa Senhora da Conceição da Vila do Príncipe e suas irmandades leigas, Comarca do Serro do Frio, Minas Gerais, 1713-1821
Authors: Briskievicz Danilo Arnaldo
Published: July 2021

Em torno do conceito de gesto pedagógico colonial – como são criadas e de que forma funcionam as complexas redes de sociabilidade com suas relações de poder e de autoridade – investigamos como a arquitetura da matriz serrana e suas irmandades leigas revelam o jeito barroco serrano de ser, ou seja, como a constituição ontológica serrana se mostra em sua arquitetura religiosa no período colonial. Revisamos alguns estudos e datações estabelecidas desde o século XX sobre a matriz da Senhora da Conceição. Centramos nossa análise na metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O resultado é uma narrativa ampliada sobre a sociedade serrana colonial e suas devoções, festas e templos, baseada numa cosmovisão centrada na noção de salvação da alma pela intermediação da Igreja católica em processo de reforma e contrarreforma pós-tridentina.
Docosahexaenoic acid modulates oxidative stress and monoamines levels in brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Mahmoud Sahar , Latif Yasmin , Orban Hisham , Ibrahim Amr , Hussein Jihan
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in many countries. A lower prevalence of DM type 2 and other glucose metabolism disorders was observed in populations consuming larger amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, existing mainly in fish. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important signaling molecule required for the central nervous system continuous maintenance of brain functioning. The aim of this research is to highlight the role of DHA in controlling glycemic measures and modulating the oxidant/antioxidant status and levels of neurotransmitters in brains of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with a single s.c. injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (6.0 mg/0.5 ml/100 g body weight). Experimental male Wister rats (n=40) were randomly divided into four groups: control group, DHA, STZ-diabetic, and STZ + DHA. All rats were decapitated after 30 days to evaluate glucose and insulin levels, brain oxidative stress and also to estimate monoamines levels. DHA administration significantly improved fasting blood glucose and insulin levels compared to the DHA+STZ group and decreased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level in their urine. In addition, DHA treatment to STZ-treated rats showed a decrease in malondialdehyde content and advanced oxidation protein product and significantly increased glutathione content in brains of DHA + STZ-treated rats, and decreased the level of monoamines in rat's brain. To conclude: DHA modulated the elevated oxidative stress and neurotransmitters levels, and also acetylcholinesterase activity in diabetic rat brain via enhancing insulin level in serum
COVID-19 outbreak: How the public health network could function better in disseminating information and instruction for action: Lessons learned
Authors: Marković Roberta , Šagrić Čedomir , Višnjić Aleksandar , Stojanović Miodrag , Ignjatović Aleksandra , Deljanin Zorana
Published: July 2021

The priority for the period of COVID-19 outbreak was to provide fast, well-timed dissemination of information to the general population (especially vulnerable groups) as well to health professionals and professionals from other areas of public life (police, army, local governments, education, and the business sector) on behavior change and prevention measures, in terms of guidance for the current epidemiological situation. At the Public Health Institute Niš, Serbia, we directed activities relying primarily on formal intervention approaches, WHO guidance and on information and knowledge gained at the April 2019 WHO "Emergency Risk Communication training and plan-writing workshop" in Belgrade/Serbia. To define the advantages and disadvantages of the applied method for dissemination of information, we followed the reporting guidance contained in Duncan E and colleagues', Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research (GUIDED). Guidelines for treatment and recommendations were disseminated through standard communication channels. A local public health network with a large number of partners from the governmental and non-governmental sector, established in recent years, was a kind of channel for dissemination of materials. We realized that formal intervention approaches should be rapidly improved by better mapping of all population groups, by modern ways of communication, by urgent introduction of digital communication channels such as telemedicine, smart phone engagement and internet applications, in order to educate and exchange information more efficiently and quickly, especially in crisis situations such as COVID-19 epidemics/pandemics.
Multi-criteria decision making trends in ecotourism and sustainable tourism
Authors: Garabinović Dušan , Papić Miloš , Kostić Marija
Published: July 2021

The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods in papers from the field of ecotourism and sustainable tourism. A search has been done of the relevant terms in titles, abstracts and keywords found in papers from 26 prominent journals from the field of tourism belonging in Web of Science (WoS) Clarivate Analytics. It has been established which MCDM methods were used and who are the most common authors of such papers. A keyword frequency analysis was also performed. It is established there are 39 papers in the field of ecotourism and sustainable tourism where MCDM methods were applied whereby all were published after the year 2000, as well as that their number is constantly increasing.