bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post‐MI treatment with G‐CSF and EPO‐liposome with SLX repairs infarcted myocardium through EPCs mobilization and activation of prosurvival signals in rabbits
Authors: Yamada Yoshihisa , Minatoguchi Shingo , Endo Noriko , Kanamori Hiromitsu , Kawasaki Masanori , Nishigaki Kazuhiko , Mikami Atsushi , Minatoguchi Shinya
Published: December 2018

We investigated whether combination therapy of G‐CSF and erythropoietin (EPO)‐liposome with Siaryl Lewis X (SLX) is more cardioprotective than G‐CSF or EPO‐liposome with SLX alone. For the purpose of generating myocardial infarction (MI), rabbits underwent 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and 14 days of reperfusion. We administered saline (control group, i.v.,), G‐CSF (G group, 10 μg/kg/day × 5 days, i.c., starting at 24 hours after reperfusion), EPO‐liposome with SLX (LE group, i.v., 2500 IU/kg EPO containing liposome with SLX, immediately after reperfusion), and G‐CSF + EPO‐liposome with SLX (LE + G group) to the rabbits. The MI size was the smallest in the LE+G group (14.7 ± 0.8%), and smaller in the G group (22.4 ± 1.5%) and LE group (18.5 ± 1.1%) than in the control group (27.8 ± 1.5%). Compared with the control group, the cardiac function and remodeling of the G, LE, and LE + G groups were improved, and LE + G group tended to show the best improvement. The number of CD31‐positive microvessels was the greatest in the LE + G group, greater in the G and LE groups than in the control group. Higher expressions of phosphorylated (p)‐Akt and p‐ERK were observed in the ischemic area of the LE and LE + G groups. The number of CD34+/CXCR4+ cells was significantly higher in the G and LE + G groups. The cardiac SDF‐1 was more expressed in the G and LE + G groups. In conclusion, Post‐MI combination therapy with G‐CSF and EPO‐liposome with SLX is more cardioprotective than G‐CSF or EPO‐liposome with SLX alone through EPCs mobilization, neovascularization, and activation of prosurvival signals.
The Role of Graphene‐Based Derivative as Interfacial Layer in Graphene/n‐Si Schottky Barrier Solar Cells
Authors: Gnisci Andrea , Faggio Giuliana , Lancellotti Laura , Messina Giacomo , Carotenuto Riccardo , Bobeico Eugenia , Delli Veneri Paola , Capasso Andrea , Dikonimos Theodoros , Lisi Nicola
Published: December 2018

Schottky‐barrier solar cells (SBSCs) represent low‐cost candidates for photovoltaics applications. The engineering of the interface between absorber and front electrode is crucial for reducing the dark current, blocking the majority carriers injected into the electrode, and reducing surface recombination. The presence of tailored interfacial layers between the metal electrode and the semiconductor absorber can improve the cell performance. In this work, the interface of a graphene/n‐type Si SBSC by introducing a graphene‐based derivative (GBD) layer meant to reduce the Schottky‐barrier height (SBH) and ease the charge collection are engineered. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) parameters are tuned to obtain the two graphene films with different structure and electrical properties: few‐layer graphene (FLG) working as transparent conductive electrode and GBD layer with electron‐blocking and hole‐transporting properties. Test SBSCs are fabricated to evaluate the effect of the introduction of GBD as interlayer into the FLG/n‐Si junction. The GBD layer reduces the recombination at the interface between graphene and n‐Si, and improves the external quantum efficiency (EQE) with optical bias from 50 to 60%. The FLG/GBD/n‐Si cell attains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈5%, which increase to 6.7% after a doping treatment by nitric acid vapor.
The Spin‐Dependent Coupling in the Hybrid Quantum Dot–Majorana Wire System
Authors: Górski Grzegorz , Kucab Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

The transport properties of a quantum dot coupled to two metallic contacts and side‐coupled to a topological superconductor wire hosting Majorana zero energy modes (Majorana wire) have been studied. The spin‐dependent tunneling amplitude between quantum dot and Majorana wire has been assumed. The polarization of tunneling amplitudes causes the polarization of spin‐dependent zero‐bias conductance, but the total conductance of a quantum dot depends very weakly on the polarization of tunneling amplitudes. The complex behavior of the zero‐bias anomaly of conductance in the presence of an external magnetic field is shown. The zero‐bias conductance peaks at high external magnetic field can be the fingerprint of the presence of Majorana fermions.
Curcumin intervention for cognitive function in different types of people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Li‐Na , Mei Xi , Zhang Zeng‐Guo , Xie Ying‐ping , Lang Fang
Published: December 2018

Curcumin is a polyphenolic natural compound with diverse and attractive biological activities, which may prevent or ameliorate pathological processes underlying age‐related cognitive decline, dementia, or mood disorders. However, clinical trials and animal studies have yielded conflicting conclusions regarding its effectiveness for cognition in different individuals. The aim of this review is to meta‐analytically assess the effectiveness of curcumin for cognitive function in different types of people. A preliminary search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data and China Biology Medicine disc was performed to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of curcumin on cognition. Six clinical trials with a total of 289 subjects met inclusion criteria for this review. We used a random‐effects model to calculate the pooled standardized difference of means (SMD). For older adults who received curcumin, scores on measures of cognitive function (SMD = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.05, 0.62]; p = 0.02), occurrence of adverse events (odds ratio [OR] = 5.59, 95% CI [0.96, 36.80]; p = 0.05), and measures of depression (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI [0.64, 0.05]; p = 0.09) indicated significant memory improvement. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), scores in measures of cognition status (SMD = −0.90, 95% CI [1.48, −0.32]; p = 0.002) indicated that there was a trend for treated subjects to do worse than placebo‐treated subjects on the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The occurrence of adverse events (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.10, 7.51]; p = 0.90) was similar to those who received placebo. Due to insufficient data, it was impossible to provide a narrative account of only the outcomes for schizophrenia. Curcumin appears to be more effective in improving cognitive function in the elderly than in improving symptoms of AD and schizophrenia. Curcumin is also safe and tolerated among these individuals. Because of the small number of studies available, a funnel plot or sensitivity analysis was not possible. Further high‐quality trials with larger sample sizes or bioavailability‐improved curcumin formulations may be considered for reliable assessment.
The gas‐phase ozonolysis reaction of methylbutenol: A mechanistic study
Authors: Almatarneh Mansour H. , Elayan Ismael A. , Abu‐Saleh Abd Al‐Aziz A. , Altarawneh Mohammednoor , Ariya Parisa A.
Published: December 2018

The gas‐phase ozonolysis reaction of methylbutenol through the Criegee mechanism is investigated. The initial reaction leads to a primary ozonide (POZ) formation with barriers in the range of 10–28 kJ mol−1. The formation of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐propanal (HMP) and formaldehyde‐oxide is more favorable, by 10 kJ mol−1, than the syn‐CI and formaldehyde. The unimolecular dissociation of the more stable syn‐CI via 1,5‐H transfer into an epoxide is more favored than the epoxide and 3O2 formation. The ester channel led to the formation of the acetone and formic acid favorably from the anti‐CI. The hydration of the anti‐CI with H2O and (H2O)2 is significantly barrierless with a higher plausibility to the latter, and thus they may lead to the formation of peroxides and ultimately OH radicals, as well as airborne particulate matter. Reaction of anti‐CI with water dimers enhances its atmospheric reactivity by a factor of 28 in reference to water monomers.
An approach to compute and design the delay margin of a large‐scale matrix delay equation
Authors: Ramírez Adrián , Koh Min Hyong , Sipahi Rifat
Published: December 2018

A methodology to compute and design the delay margin (DM) of large‐scale linear time‐invariant systems is presented. Different from existing work, this methodology is scalable; does not impose restrictions on the system to be able to invoke simultaneous triangularization or simultaneous diagonalization; and sheds light on how the finite number of delay‐free system eigenvalues can be effectively utilized to compute or design the DM.
Estimating the association between blood pressure variability and cardiovascular disease: An application using the ARIC Study
Authors: Barrett Jessica K. , Huille Raphael , Parker Richard , Yano Yuichiro , Griswold Michael
Published: December 2018

The association between visit‐to‐visit systolic blood pressure variability and cardiovascular events has recently received a lot of attention in the cardiovascular literature. But, blood pressure variability is usually estimated on a person‐by‐person basis and is therefore subject to considerable measurement error. We demonstrate that hazard ratios estimated using this approach are subject to bias due to regression dilution, and we propose alternative methods to reduce this bias: a two‐stage method and a joint model. For the two‐stage method, in stage one, repeated measurements are modelled using a mixed effects model with a random component on the residual standard deviation (SD). The mixed effects model is used to estimate the blood pressure SD for each individual, which, in stage two, is used as a covariate in a time‐to‐event model. For the joint model, the mixed effects submodel and time‐to‐event submodel are fitted simultaneously using shared random effects. We illustrate the methods using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Effects of Ammonia‐Induced Surface Modification of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 on High‐Efficiency Zn(O,S)‐Based Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jianmin , Ma Yaping , Chen Guilin , Gong Junbo , Wang Xiaomin , Kong Yifan , Ma Xuhang , Wang Kedong , Li Weimin , Yang Chunlei , Xiao Xudong
Published: December 2018

Post‐treatment of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) surfaces, as an efficient way to improve the performance of CIGS solar cells, has received increasing attention in recent years. To alleviate the limitations of the as‐grown CIGS thin films, such as oxidation, Na accumulation, and microstructure of CIGS surface, ammonia (NH3) etching solution was introduced to post‐treat the CIGS surface to improve its quality in this study. To investigate the mechanisms of NH3 etching effects on the CIGS surfaces and the resulted devices, a series of NH3 solution treatments, of different concentrations, on CIGS films is carried out and the resulted surfaces and devices are carefully examined. It is demonstrated that proper concentration of NH3 solution could not only result in a new microstructure between CIGS and Zn(O,S) thin films but also improve the performance of the Zn(O,S) based CIGS solar cells, especially in terms of the device fill factor. As a result, a Zn(O, S) based CIGS solar cell with a conversion efficiency of over 20% is obtained with application of NH3 treatment together with MgF2 anti‐reflective coating. Furthermore, it is found that NH3 treatment could effectively reduce the undesired light soaking effect, which often appears in the Zn(O,S) based CIGS solar cells.
Transformation Behavior and Properties of Carbide‐Free Bainite Steels with Different Si Contents
Authors: Tian Junyu , Xu Guang , Jiang Zhengyi , Wan Xiangliang , Hu Haijiang , Yuan Qing
Published: December 2018

The bainite transformation behavior and properties of low carbon carbide‐free bainitic steels containing different silicon (Si) contents are investigated by two different types of heat treatment processes: isothermal transformation process (ITP) and continuous cooling process (CCP). The results indicate that for ITP and CCP, the transformation kinetics of bainite is retarded and the final bainite amount decreases with increasing Si content. However, both the strength and total elongation improve with the increase of Si content in the range of 1.0–2.0 wt%, resulting in an apparent increment in comprehensive property of bainitic steels due to the more film‐like RA and less carbides. It can be attributed to the increase of shear strength and stability of undercooled austenite and the formation of Cottrell atmosphere, as well as the solid solution strengthening of Si because of higher Si content. In addition, for the same samples, better mechanical properties can be achieved by a lower austempering temperature. Moreover, the increase of Si content resulted in an increase in the temperatures of Ac1 and Ac3.
Identification and Characterization of Terpenoid Lactones and Flavonoids from Ethanolic Extract ofAndrographis Paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Awantika , Bajpai Vikas , Sharma Kulwant R. , Kumar Brijesh
Published: December 2018

Andrographis paniculatais traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases due to its bioactive terpenoid lactones and flavonoids. So, there is an urgent need to develop a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for identification and characterization of terpenoid lactones and flavonoids. The chromatographic separation of terpenoid lactones and flavonoids from crude extract was carried on Thermo Betasil C8 column (250 mm × 4.5 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile as a mobile phase by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Terpenoid lactones showed characteristic consecutive losses of H2O, HCHO and CO whereas flavonoids gave successive losses of CH3, CH4, CO and retro Diels Alder fragment ions. In total 68 compounds including 28 terpenoid lactones and 40 flavonoids were tentatively identified and characterized on the basis of their chromatographic and mass spectrometric features (molecular formula, exact mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry). Andrographolide and wogonin were unambiguously identified by comparison with their authentic standards. The present method can be used for identification and characterization of terpenoid lactones and flavonoids.
Empirical evaluation of mutation‐based test case prioritization techniques
Authors: Shin Donghwan , Yoo Shin , Papadakis Mike , Bae Doo‐Hwan
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we propose a new test case prioritization technique that combines both mutation‐based and diversity‐aware approaches. The diversity‐aware mutation‐based technique relies on the notion of mutant distinguishment, which aims to distinguish one mutant's behaviour from another, rather than from the original program. The relative cost and effectiveness of the mutation‐based prioritization techniques (i.e., using both the traditional mutant kill and the proposed mutant distinguishment) are empirically investigated with 352 real faults and 553,477 developer‐written test cases. The empirical evaluation considers both the traditional and the diversity‐aware mutation criteria in various settings: single‐objective greedy, hybrid, and multi‐objective optimization. The results show that there is no single dominant technique across all the studied faults. To this end, the reason why each one of the mutation‐based prioritization criteria performs poorly is discussed, using a graphical model called Mutant Distinguishment Graph that demonstrates the distribution of the fault‐detecting test cases with respect to mutant kills and distinguishment. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smartphones and Face‐to‐Face Interaction: Digital Cross‐Talk During Encounters in Everyday Life
Authors: Ictech Brad
Published: December 2018

Using data collected from focus groups and nonparticipant observations, this article explores how and why cross‐talk by way of smartphone affects face‐to‐face encounters. The findings show there are three types of digital cross‐talk: exclusive, semi‐exclusive, and collaborative. Furthermore, it was found that digital cross‐talk can either facilitate or disrupt the expressive order of an encounter. Semi‐exclusive and collaborative digital cross‐talk were found to facilitate encounters. Exclusive digital cross‐talk was found to disrupt or have little influence on encounters, depending on whether or not interlocutors successfully engaged in a corrective process, an avoidance process, or aggressive face‐work.
Bergapten induces G1 arrest and pro‐apoptotic cascade in colorectal cancer cells associating with p53/p21/PTEN axis
Authors: Lin Ching‐Pin , Lin Chun‐Shiang , Lin Hui‐Han , Li Kuan‐Te , Kao Shao‐Hsuan , Tsao Shih‐Ming
Published: December 2018

Bergapten is a natural compound and has potent anticancer activities. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity of bergapten on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell DLD‐1 and LoVo and its underlying mechanisms. We observed that bergapten (30 and 50 μM) decreased the viability of the CRC cells and induced the G0/G1 and sub‐G1 phase arrest. Furthermore, immunoblotting results indicated that bergapten increased p53, phospho‐p53(Ser‐46), p21, PUMA, Bax, PTEN, and the caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 cleavage, but decreased cyclin E, CDK2, and phosphor‐AKT(Ser‐473) in the CRC cells. Inhibition of p53 by pifithrin‐α reversed the bergapten‐induced p53‐mediated apoptotic cascade and restored the survival signaling and cell viability. Collectively, our findings reveal that bergapten decrease the cell viability and induce cell cycle arrest in the CRC cells, which may be attributed to p53‐mediated apoptotic cascade, upregulation of p21 and PTEN, and inhibition of AKT.
Integration of multiple passive load mitigation technologies by automated design optimization—The case study of a medium‐size onshore wind turbine
Authors: Bortolotti Pietro , Bottasso Carlo L. , Croce Alessandro , Sartori Luca
Published: December 2018

The present work considers the application to a medium‐size onshore wind turbine of passive load mitigation technologies, first individually and then integrated together. The study is conducted with the help of a comprehensive automated design optimization procedure, which eases the generation and comparison of consistent solutions, each satisfying the same overall requirements. Passive load mitigation is here obtained by inducing bend‐twist coupling to the blades. The coupling is generated by rotating the fibers of anisotropic laminates, by the aerodynamic sweeping of the blade and by offsetting the spar caps in opposite directions on the pressure and suction sides. The first two solutions yield significant benefits, while the third, for this particular wind turbine, is ineffective. In addition, the typical power losses associated with bend‐twist coupled blades are reduced by a novel regulation strategy that varies the fine pitch setting in the partial load region. After having considered each load mitigation technology by itself, fiber rotation and sweeping are combined together and used to design a rotor with a larger swept area. The final design generates cost of energy savings thanks to a large‐diameter, highly coned, soft‐in‐bending rotor that results in lower turbine costs and a higher energy capture compared with the baseline design.
Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 1
Authors: Cha Bong Geun , Kim Jaeyun
Published: December 2018

The front cover image is based on the Focus Article Functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for bio‐imaging applications, by Jaeyun Kim and Bong Geun Cha, https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1515.

image
Inside Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 1
Authors: Rodriguez‐Otormin Fernanda , Duro‐Castano Aroa , Conejos‐Sánchez Inmaculada , Vicent María J.
Published: December 2018

The inside cover image is based on the Advanced Review Envisioning the future of polymer therapeutics for brain disorders, by Fernanda Rodriguez‐Otormin et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1532.

image
Soft photon hair on Schwarzschild horizon from a Wilson line perspective
Authors: Choi Sangmin , Akhoury Ratindranath
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We develop a unified framework for the construction of soft dressings at boundaries of spacetime, such as the null infinity of Minkowski spacetime and the horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. The construction is based on an old proposal of Mandelstam for quantizing QED and considers matter fields dressed by Wilson lines. Along time-like paths, the Wilson lines puncturing the boundary are the analogs of flat space Faddeev-Kulish dressings. We focus on the Schwarzschild black hole where our framework provides a quantum-field-theoretical perspective of the Hawking-Perry-Strominger viewpoint that black holes carry soft hair, through a study of the Wilson line dressings, localized on the horizon.
Dark matter from strong dynamics: the minimal theory of dark baryons
Authors: Francis Anthony , Hudspith Renwick J. , Lewis Randy , Tulin Sean
Published: December 2018

Abstract

As a simple model for dark matter, we propose a QCD-like theory based on SU(2) gauge theory with one flavor of dark quark. The model is confining at low energy and we use lattice simulations to investigate the properties of the lowest-lying hadrons. Compared to QCD, the theory has several peculiar differences: there are no Goldstone bosons or chiral symmetry restoration when the dark quark becomes massless; the usual global baryon number symmetry is enlarged to SU(2)
B
, resembling isospin; and baryons and mesons are unified together in SU(2)
B
iso-multiplets. We argue that the lightest baryon, a vector boson, is a stable dark matter candidate and is a composite realization of the hidden vector dark matter scenario. The model naturally includes a lighter state, the analog of the η′ in QCD, for dark matter to annihilate into to set the relic density via thermal freeze-out. Dark matter baryons may also be asymmetric, strongly self-interacting, or have their relic density set via 3 → 2 cannibalizing transitions. We discuss some experimental implications of coupling dark baryons to the Higgs portal.
NNLOPS accurate predictions for W+W− production
Authors: Re Emanuele , Wiesemann Marius , Zanderighi Giulia
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We present novel predictions for the production of W
+
W
− pairs in hadron collisions that are next-to-next-to-leading order accurate and consistently matched to a parton shower (NNLOPS). All diagrams that lead to the process

$$ pp\to {e}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_e{\mu}^{+}{\nu}_{\mu }+X $$

pp
→

e
−

ν
¯

e

μ
+

ν
μ

+
X

are taken into account, thereby including spin correlations and off-shell effects. For the first time full NNLOPS accuracy is achieved for a 2 → 4 process. We find good agreement, at the 1σ level, with the W
+
W
− rates measured by ATLAS and CMS. The importance of NNLOPS predictions is evident from differential distributions sensitive to soft-gluon effects and from the large impact (10% and more) of including next-to-next-to-leading order corrections on top of MiNLO. We define a charge asymmetry for the W bosons and the leptons in W
+
W
− production at the LHC, which is sensitive to the W polarizations and hence can be used as a probe of new physics.
Weyl semimetal/insulator transition from holography
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhao Junkun
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We study a holographic model which exhibits a quantum phase transition from the strongly interacting Weyl semimetal phase to an insulating phase. In the holographic insulating phase there is a hard gap in the real part of frequency dependent diagonal conductivities. However, the anomalous Hall conductivity is nonzero at zero frequency, indicting that it is a Chern insulator. This holographic quantum phase transition is always of first order, signified by a discontinuous anomalous Hall conductivity at the phase transition, in contrast to the very continuous holographic Weyl semimetal/trivial semimetal phase transition. Our work reveals the novel phase structure of strongly interacting Weyl semimetal.
Association between timing of peritoneal dialysis initiation and mortality in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Peng Yuan , Yang Xiao , Chen Wei , Yu Xue‐Qing
Published: December 2018

Despite the widespread use of chronic dialysis for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), there is no consensus on the optimal timing of initiating renal replacement therapy. Over the past decade, a worldwide trend toward increasing glomerular filtration rate at the initiation of dialysis has been noted. However, available data indicate that early dialysis has no survival benefit or is harmful. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one alternative for ESRD and has potential survival factors different from those of hemodialysis. The association between the timing of PD initiation and survival is unclear. This review examines the effect of the timing of dialysis on clinical outcomes in PD patients.
A combination treatment of transanal total mesorectal excision and Turnbull–Cutait abdominoperineal pull-through procedure for a low rectal cancer
Authors: Celik Suleyman Utku , Cetinkaya Omer Arda , Akin Furkan Atakan , Fiúza Stéfano do Amaral , Gecim Ibrahim Ethem
Published: December 2018

Surgical treatment for low rectal cancer has changed dramatically during the preceding several decades, and the optimal surgical approach remains incompletely developed. Transanal total mesorectal excision is likely the most promising approach for the dissection of the distal part of the mesorectum in a manner that allows for a technically easy and oncologically safe operation. Long after it was first described, the Turnbull–Cutait abdominoperineal pull-through procedure has recently been reintroduced in surgical practice for the treatment of patients with complex anorectal conditions. The current report describes a case of distal rectal cancer involving successful surgical treatment with a combination of the two aforementioned methods and patient discharge without a diverting stoma.
Adverbs in VP ellipsis: an experimental investigation of antecedent selection
Authors: Moulton Keir
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a case study of verb phrase ellipses with adverbially modified antecedents. It is shown experimentally that there is a preference for resolving ellipses in certain embedded clauses with unmodified VPs. The effect is hypothesized to reflect a general requirement to minimize the complexity of accommodated content. Four experiments support this hypothesis over plausible candidate hypotheses, including syntactic approaches to the effect (Matsuo 2001; Sailor 2014).
INABILITY AND OBLIGATION IN INTELLECTUAL EVALUATION
Authors: Buckwalter Wesley , Turri John
Published: December 2018

If moral responsibilities prescribe how agents ought to behave, are there also intellectual responsibilities prescribing what agents ought to believe? Many theorists have argued that there cannot be intellectual responsibilities because they would require the ability to control whether one believes, whereas it is impossible to control whether one believes. This argument appeals to an “ought implies can” principle for intellectual responsibilities. The present paper tests for the presence of intellectual responsibilities in social cognition. Four experiments show that intellectual responsibilities are attributed to believe things and that these responsibilities can exceed what agents are able to believe. Furthermore, the results show that agents are sometimes considered responsible for failing to form true beliefs on the basis of good evidence, and that this effect does not depend on the seriousness of the consequences for failing to form a belief. These findings clarify when and how responsibilities for belief are attributed, falsify a conceptual entailment between ability and responsibility in the intellectual domain, and emphasize the importance of objective truth in intellectual evaluations.
PROFINITENESS IN FINITELY GENERATED VARIETIES IS UNDECIDABLE
Authors: NURAKUNOV ANVAR M. , STRONKOWSKI MICHAŁ M.
Published: December 2018

Profinite algebras are exactly those that are isomorphic to inverse limits of finite algebras. Such algebras are naturally equipped with Boolean topologies. A variety ${\cal V}$ is standard if every Boolean topological algebra with the algebraic reduct in ${\cal V}$ is profinite.

We show that there is no algorithm which takes as input a finite algebra A of a finite type and decide whether the variety $V\left( {\bf{A}} \right)$ generated by A is standard. We also show the undecidability of some related properties. In particular, we solve a problem posed by Clark, Davey, Freese, and Jackson.

We accomplish this by combining two results. The first one is Moore’s theorem saying that there is no algorithm which takes as input a finite algebra A of a finite type and decides whether $V\left( {\bf{A}} \right)$ has definable principal subcongruences. The second is our result saying that possessing definable principal subcongruences yields possessing finitely determined syntactic congruences for varieties. The latter property is known to yield standardness.
UNIVERSAL MINIMAL FLOWS OF GENERALIZED WAŻEWSKI DENDRITES
Authors: KWIATKOWSKA ALEKSANDRA
Published: December 2018

We study universal minimal flows of the homeomorphism groups of generalized Ważewski dendrites WP, $P \subseteq \left\{ {3,4, \ldots ,\omega } \right\}$. If P is finite, we prove that the universal minimal flow of the homeomorphism group H (WP) is metrizable and we compute it explicitly. This answers a question of Duchesne. If P is infinite, we show that the universal minimal flow of H (WP) is not metrizable. This provides examples of topological groups which are Roelcke precompact and have a nonmetrizable universal minimal flow with a comeager orbit.
UNIVERSAL CLASSES NEAR ${\aleph _1}$
Authors: MAZARI-ARMIDA MARCOS , VASEY SEBASTIEN
Published: December 2018

Shelah has provided sufficient conditions for an ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-sentence ψ to have arbitrarily large models and for a Morley-like theorem to hold of ψ. These conditions involve structural and set-theoretic assumptions on all the ${\aleph _n}$’s. Using tools of Boney, Shelah, and the second author, we give assumptions on ${\aleph _0}$ and ${\aleph _1}$ which suffice when ψ is restricted to be universal:

Theorem. Assume ${2^{{\aleph _0}}} < {2^{{\aleph _1}}}$. Let ψ be a universal ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-sentence.

(1)

If ψ is categorical in ${\aleph _0}$ and $1 \leqslant {\Bbb L}\left( {\psi ,\aleph _1 } \right) < 2^{\aleph _1 } $, then ψ has arbitrarily large models and categoricity of ψ in some uncountable cardinal implies categoricity of ψ in all uncountable cardinals.

(2)

If ψ is categorical in ${\aleph _1}$, then ψ is categorical in all uncountable cardinals.

The theorem generalizes to the framework of ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-definable tame abstract elementary classes with primes.
SQUARES, ASCENT PATHS, AND CHAIN CONDITIONS
Authors: LAMBIE-HANSON CHRIS , LÜCKE PHILIPP
Published: December 2018

With the help of various square principles, we obtain results concerning the consistency strength of several statements about trees containing ascent paths, special trees, and strong chain conditions. Building on a result that shows that Todorčević’s principle $\square \left( {\kappa ,\lambda } \right)$ implies an indexed version of $\square \left( {\kappa ,\lambda } \right)$, we show that for all infinite, regular cardinals $\lambda < \kappa$, the principle $\square \left( \kappa \right)$ implies the existence of a κ-Aronszajn tree containing a λ-ascent path. We then provide a complete picture of the consistency strengths of statements relating the interactions of trees with ascent paths and special trees. As a part of this analysis, we construct a model of set theory in which ${\aleph _2}$-Aronszajn trees exist and all such trees contain ${\aleph _0}$-ascent paths. Finally, we use our techniques to show that the assumption that the κ-Knaster property is countably productive and the assumption that every κ-Knaster partial order is κ-stationarily layered both imply the failure of $\square \left( \kappa \right)$.
Effects of the long-term feeding of diets enriched with inorganic phosphorus on the adult feline kidney and phosphorus metabolism
Authors: Alexander Janet , Stockman Jonathan , Atwal Jujhar , Butterwick Richard , Colyer Alison , Elliott Denise , Gilham Matthew , Morris Penelope , Staunton Ruth , Renfrew Helen , Elliott Jonathan , Watson Phillip
Published: December 2018

Renal disease has a high incidence in cats, and some evidence implicates dietary P as well. To investigate this further, two studies in healthy adult cats were conducted. Study 1 (36 weeks) included forty-eight cats, stratified to control or test diets providing 1·2 or 4·8 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) P (0 or approximately 3·6 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) inorganic P, Ca:P 1·2, 0·6). Study 2 (29 weeks) included fifty cats, stratified to control or test diets, providing 1·3 or 3·6 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) P (0 or approximately 1·5 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) inorganic P, Ca:P 1·2, 0·9). Health markers, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mineral balance were measured regularly, with abdominal ultrasound. Study 1 was halted after 4 weeks as the test group GFR reduced by 0·4 (95 % CI 0·3, 0·5) ml/min per kg, and ultrasound revealed changes in renal echogenicity. In study 2, at week 28, no change in mean GFR was observed (P>0·05); however, altered renal echogenicity was detected in 36 % of test cats. In agreement with previous studies, feeding a diet with Ca:P <1·0, a high total and inorganic P inclusion resulted in loss of renal function and changes in echogenicity suggestive of renal pathology. Feeding a diet containing lower total and inorganic P with Ca:P close to 1·0 led to more subtle structural changes in a third of test cats; however, nephrolithiasis occurred in both diet groups, complicating data interpretation. We conclude that the no observed adverse effects level for total dietary P in adult cats is lower than 3·6 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ), however the effect of inorganic P sources and Ca:P require further investigation.
From mythical ‘standard’ to standard reality: The need for alternatives to standardized English language tests
Authors: Jenkins Jennifer , Leung Constant
Published: December 2018

This position paper builds on three of our earlier publications on the same subject (Jenkins & Leung 2014; Leung, Lewkowicz & Jenkins 2016; Jenkins & Leung 2017), as well as a number of conference papers we have given both jointly and individually. However, what we have not done up to this point is to propose alternatives to the large-scale standardized English tests administered by the major international examination boards, of which we have been so critical, despite the fact that we have been discussing other possibilities among ourselves for several years. The opportunity to publish a position paper on English language assessment therefore provided an ideal opportunity to present our alternatives, and this we do in the final part of the paper.
Taiwan's Road to Marriage Equality: Politics of Legalizing Same-sex Marriage
Authors: Ho Ming-sho
Published: December 2018

In May 2017, Taiwan's Constitutional Court reached a landmark decision that marriage should be opened to same-sex couples within two years, making Taiwan potentially the first country in Asia to realize marriage equality. How can we explain the success of the LGBT movement here? I argue that explanations based on cultural proclivity, public opinion, and linkages to world society, are inadequate. This article adopts a “political process” explanation by looking at changes in the political context and how they facilitate the movement for marriage equality. I maintain that electoral system reform in 2008, the eruption of the Sunflower Movement in 2014, and the electoral victory of the Democratic Progressive Party in 2016, stimulated Taiwan's LGBT mobilization, allowing it to eventually overcome opposition from the church-based countermovement.
Thymidylate synthase gene variation is associated with the risk for conotruncal heart defects in Chinese population
Authors: Wang Xike , Wei Haitao , Wu Yue , Tian Ying , Luo Lei
Published: December 2018

Conotruncal heart defects are considered to be one of the most common types of birth defect worldwide. Genetic disturbances in folate metabolism such as Thymidylate synthase may increase risk for conotruncal heart defects. We evaluated two common Thymidylate synthase polymorphisms, including the 28 bp tandem repeat in the promoter enhancer region of the 5′-untranslated region and the 6 bp deletion in the 3′-untranslated region, as risk factors of conotruncal heart defects including various subtypes of malformations, in a total of 193 mothers with conotruncal heart defect in offspring and 234 healthy controls in the Chinese population. Logistic regression analyses revealed that mothers who were homozygotes with deletion (−/−) had a 1.8-fold (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.0, p = 0.040) increased risk for conotruncal heart defect in offspring, respectively, when compared with mothers carrying the wild type (+/+) genotype. Consistently, individuals carrying the genotype −/− of the Thymidylate synthase 6 bp deletion also had higher plasma homocysteine levels compared to the mothers carrying the genotype +/+ in the control and conotruncal heart defect groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.004, respectively). However, our results showed that Thymidylate synthase 28 bp tandem repeat polymorphism was not associated with risk for conotruncal heart defect and plasma homocysteine level. In conclusion, our data suggest that the maternal Thymidylate synthase 6 bp deletion polymorphism might be associated with plasma homocysteine level and risk for conotruncal heart defect in offspring.
Clinical aspects of splenomegaly as a possible predictive factor of coronary artery changes in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kang Dong Wan , Kim Sung Hoon
Published: December 2018

Background

Although many clinical features that are not typically included in the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease, such as gall bladder hydrops, are known to occur with Kawasaki disease, splenomegaly is not concerned. We investigated the relationship of splenomegaly with the development of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.

Methods and results

This retrospective descriptive study was conducted through a review of medical records of children with Kawasaki disease from March 2011 to February 2017. We analysed information regarding clinical presentation, treatment, hospital stay, and outcome. A total of 396 patients during this 6-year period met the enrolment criteria. Of these, 77 (23.4%) underwent abdominal ultrasonography during the treatment period. The patients included 46 males and 31 females with an average age of 35.8 ± 26.1 months. Gallbladder hydrops were detected in 32 patients, and acute acalculous cholecystitis was not found. Splenomegaly was detected in 21 patients. Kawasaki disease patients with gallbladder hydrops had no statistical difference in clinical or laboratory findings or in development of coronary artery lesions compared to patients without gallbladder hydrops. However, patients with splenomegaly belonged more to incomplete Kawasaki disease, had longer fever duration, had more frequent cervical lymphadenopathy and polymorphous rash, had higher neutrophil percentage, N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and a higher incidence of coronary artery lesions than patients without splenomegaly.

Conclusion

Splenomegaly belongs to incomplete Kawasaki disease patients mainly with a higher incidence of coronary artery lesions than that of patients without it.
Assessing food insecurity prevalence and associated factors among college students enrolled in a university in the Southeast USA
Authors: Wooten Ruth , Spence Marsha , Colby Sarah , Anderson Steeves Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

Objective

To assess rates of food insecurity (FI) among college students enrolled at a large public university system across one US state and identify factors associated with experiencing FI.

Design

Cross-sectional online survey administered to eligible, enrolled students (n 38 614) across three campuses within the university system, with 5593 students responding (4824 final sample after applying exclusion criteria, 12·5 % response rate). FI was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture’s Adult Food Security Survey Module. Descriptive statistics were conducted to calculate FI status and identify sample characteristics. Associations between FI status and independent variables were assessed using bivariate analyses (χ2 and ANOVA tests) and multivariate logistic regression.

Setting

Large public university system, Southeast USA.

Participants

Enrolled college students (excluding freshman, <18 years of age).

Results

Thirty-six per cent of students were classified as FI. After controlling for confounders, factors that were significantly associated with increased likelihood of FI included previous FI (P<0·001; OR=4·78), financial factors and self-reported grade point average ≤3·85. Seniors were significantly more likely experience FI than graduate students (P=0·004, OR=1·41). A significant relationship was not identified between FI and meal plan participation, and no differences in FI were found between graduate students and individuals with sophomore or junior standing.

Conclusions

This research identifies high rates of FI among college students enrolled in a large public university system in the Southeast USA, as well as selected factors related to FI. Programmes to assist college students experiencing FI need to be developed and tested.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE NUMBER OF SUBGROUPS OF THE MULTIPLICATIVE GROUP
Authors: MARTIN GREG , TROUPE LEE
Published: December 2018

Let $I(n)$ denote the number of isomorphism classes of subgroups of $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^{\times }$, and let $G(n)$ denote the number of subgroups of $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^{\times }$ counted as sets (not up to isomorphism). We prove that both $\log G(n)$ and $\log I(n)$ satisfy Erdős–Kac laws, in that suitable normalizations of them are normally distributed in the limit. Of note is that $\log G(n)$ is not an additive function but is closely related to the sum of squares of additive functions. We also establish the orders of magnitude of the maximal orders of $\log G(n)$ and $\log I(n)$.
Characterizing Vertical Particle Structure of Precipitating Cloud System From Multiplatform Measurements of A‐Train Constellation
Authors: Kikuchi M. , Suzuki K.
Published: December 2018

Multiplatform measurements of the active and passive instruments from A‐Train were employed to observationally characterize particle structures over a spectrum of precipitating clouds from shallow cumulus to deep convection. Radar reflectivity profiles were composited as a function of temperature, with particle type superimposed to depict how storm regimes exert different particle habit structures. The deep convective system was found to have a relatively simple structure, which is dominated by randomly oriented ice, followed by snow and rain at the bottom, whereas the shallow cold system consisting high cloud tops with precipitation far below contains various hydrometeors, such as ice plates and drizzles. The deep convective system was further analyzed to demonstrate how the vertical microphysical structure tends to systematically transition from nonprecipitating to precipitating characteristics with differing cloud top buoyancies indicative of the “life stage” of convective development. The analysis offers a link between dynamical characteristics of convective systems and their inner hydrometeors structures.
Intercomparison of the POES/MEPED Loss Cone Electron Fluxes With the CMIP6 Parametrization
Authors: Tyssøy H. Nesse , Haderlein A. , Sandanger M. I. , Stadsnes J.
Published: December 2018

Quantitative measurements of medium energy electron (MEE) precipitation (>40 keV) are a key to understand the total effect of particle precipitation on the atmosphere. The Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED) instrument on board the NOAA/Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) has two sets of electron telescopes pointing ~0° and ~90° to the local vertical. Pitch angle anisotropy, which varies with particle energy, location, and geomagnetic activity, makes the 0° detector measurements a lower estimate of the flux of precipitating electrons. In the solar forcing recommended for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) 6 (v3.2) MEE precipitation is parameterized by Ap based on 0° detector measurements hence providing a general underestimate of the flux level. In order to assess the accuracy of the Ap model, we compare the modeled electron fluxes with estimates of the loss cone fluxes using both detectors in combination with electron pitch angle distributions from theory of wave‐particle interactions. The Ap model falls short in respect to reproducing the flux level and variability associated with strong geomagnetic storms (Ap > 40) as well as the duration of corotating interaction region storms causing a systematic bias within a solar cycle. As the Ap‐parameterized fluxes reach a plateau for Ap > 40, the model's ability to reflect the flux level of previous solar cycles associated with generally higher Ap values is questioned. The objective of this comparison is to understand the potential uncertainty in the energetic particle precipitation applying the CMIP6 particle energy input in order to assess its subsequent impact on the atmosphere.
Characteristic Tectonic Tremor Activity Observed Over Multiple Slow Slip Cycles in the Mexican Subduction Zone
Authors: Husker Allen , Frank William B. , Gonzalez Guillermo , Avila Leticia , Kostoglodov Vladimir , Kazachkina Ekaterina
Published: December 2018

We develop a single‐station tremor spectrum template detection method that we applied to continuous seismic data recorded by the Mexican National Seismological Service broadband stations. This allows for an unprecedented long‐term analysis of tectonic tremor in Mexico over multiple slow slip events (SSEs). We only detect tremor that are within previously discovered tremor regions, thereby extending the catalog in time but not space. The resulting catalog demonstrates the strong correlation of bursts of tremor activity and aseismic slip over multiple slow slip cycles. The M ~ 7 long‐term SSEs in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca are associated with the longest sequences of tremor bursts. Each of these tremor bursts are made up of a series of smaller bursts. In between the large M7 SSEs, there are shorter‐duration, isolated tremor bursts. In Guerrero, these shorter bursts were found to accompany M ~ 6 short‐term SSEs. The occurrence of these short‐duration tremor bursts in Oaxaca demonstrates that small short‐term SSEs occur in both major slow slip regions in Mexico. The discrete range of tremor burst sizes and rates suggests that slow slip events in the Mexican subduction zone are organized into characteristic moment and moment rates. The catalog also reveals other aseismic transients, such as postseismic slip in Oaxaca after the 16 February 2018 Mw 7.2 Pinotepa Nacional earthquake. We highlight that such long‐term catalogs are a useful tool together with geodetic observations to monitor slow slip activity that potentially plays a role in the subduction megathrust cycle.