bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development, Mortality from Starvation, and Oviposition of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), When Fed on Various Food Plants
Authors: Jacobson L. A. , Blakeley P. E.
Published: January 2010

When a crop has been destroyed by the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., one to two weeks may elapse before plants of the second seeding emerge. During this time the larvae may be starved or, at least, subjected to a suboptimum food supply. Frequently the second seeding may be of a different crop from the one that was destroyed.

A previous investigation (Jacobson, 1952) showed that mortality of the starved larvae varied directly with temperature and inversely with size of larvae. Seamans and McMillan (1935) reported that, when the larvae were fed various foods, differences were found in the rate of development and survival.
Humidity Reactions ofMelanoplus bivittatus(Say) andCamnula pellucida(Scudd.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Reactions of Starved and of Moulting Grasshoppers
Authors: Riegert P. Wm.
Published: January 2010

Previous work (11) showed that two species of grasshoppers,Melanoplus bivittatus(Say) andCamnula pellucida(Scudd.), normally prefer a dry atmosphere. The present paper deals with the effects of starvation and of moulting on the humidity reactions of these species.

Materials and Methods

To test the effect of starvation on humidity reactions, adults of the two species from laboratory-reared cultures were used. Each adult was placed in a separate, cylindrical, plastic-screen cage, which mas eight inches long, two inches in diameter, and corked at both ends, The caged insects, without food or water, were placed for four or five days, or until death, in racks in a rearing room maintained at 30 ± 0.5°C. and 46 ± 1 per cent relative humidity. At intervals triplicated samples of ten adults, of one species and sex, were removed from the cages to test their reactions to alternative humidities of 0 and 90 per cent in an olfactometer (11).
A Mobile Cage for Collecting Adult Insects in the Field
Authors: Read D. C.
Published: January 2010

During investigations at the Charlottetown laboratory on the biologies of root maggots and their predators, an attempt was made to identify the various insect species present in rutabaga fields. Although many specimens of several species were observed around rutabaga plants, few of them were captured with ordinary sweep nets. The mobile collecting cage described herein was devised to collect large numbers of many species of insects alive and uninjured.
Mortality of the European Red Mite (Acarina: Tetranychidae) from Secretion of Peach Leaf Nectaries
Authors: Putman Wm. L.
Published: January 2010

Every spring since it was first noticed in 1947, the first-generation immature stages of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), has suffered some mortality in peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. Sometimes this mortality was negligible but in the cold, wet spring of 1949 it reached 80 per cent in some orchards. Mortality of similar extent has not been noticed on other hosts of the mite at this season; counts of a thousand or more living and dead mites on young shoots of each host at Vineland Station on May 16, 1957, showed apparent mortalities of 53 per cent on Elberta peach, 7 per cent on Italian prune, and 8 per cent on Melba apple. The mortality on peach leaves is difficult to determine, for if the mites are examined too early, many of those killed in the quiescent, premoulting condition cannot be distinguished from living ones, and if they are examined too late, the survivors may have suffered mortality from other causes.
A Report on Some North American Arctic and Subarctic Ichneumoninae First Supplement
Authors: Heinrich Gerd H.
Published: January 2010

In the areae dentiparae, which slope far downward, nearly extending to the base of coxae III, this genus resembles Coelichneumonon Thoms. The propodeal slope, however, does not curve downward abruptly as in the latter genus, but slants gradually down in an oblique plane.

Gastrocoeli quite different from those typical of the Protichneumonini: much shallower and rather small, considerably narrower than their interval.

Postpetiole not longitudinally striated, but finely and irregularly reticulated in one species, almost smooth and shining in the other. Horizontal part of propodeum densely reticula-punctate, nearly opaque, costulae absent, areae superomedia and basalis not bordered by carinae, their place in one species indicated by a polished region.
Eighth Annual Meeting, Entomological Society of Canada
Authors: Wigmore R. H.
Published: January 2010

The Entomological Society of Canada held its eighth annual meeting jointly with the ninety-fifth annual meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, from October 29 to November 1. This was the first meeting of the national society at the headquarters of the Ontario society, which for many years served as a national society. A total of 172 members and friends attended, including 23 members and guests from the United States and 17 wives. At the beginning of the opening session, a minute's silence was observed in tribute to Dr. K. W. Neatby, Director, Science Service, Canada Department of Agriculture, who had died on October 27. Addresses of welcome were given by G. G. Dustan, President, Entomological Society of Ontario, Dr. J. D. MacLachlan, President, Ontario Agricultural College, and G. P. Holland, President, Entomological Society of Canada. At the opening session, Mr. Holland asked whether the Society was paying due attention to all its responsibilities. He considered that responsibilities to amateur entomologists might well be given more attention, possibly by providing a place for amateurs on the programs at annual meetings, by publishing handbooks, and by providing financial aid to students in entomology. He welcomed Dr. V. B. Wigglesworth, Cambridge University, England, to the meeting and also D. K. McE. Kevan, Head, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Macdonald College, to Canada.
Life-History and Ecology of the Plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Hbst.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario
Authors: Armstrong Thomas
Published: January 2010

The plum curculio, Contrachelus nenuphar (Hbst.), always a serious pest of stone fruits in thc Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, has increased in importance since 1946, especially in peach orchards. A five-year study of its life-history, ecology, and control was started in 1950 at Vineland Station. This paper deals with the biological phases of the investigation.
Field Experiments with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula to Control Grasshoppers
Authors: Baird Ronald B.
Published: January 2010

This is a report on field trials near Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1954, to determine whether the artificial distribution of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula would contribute to the biological control of a natural population of grasshoppers. This bacterium was isolated from laboratory-reared grasshoppers, and Bucher and Stephens (1957) showed it to be relatively virulent when experimentally fed to grasshoppers but very susceptible to desiccation. Unpublished information from Miss Stephens indicated that the addition of sucrose (5.0 per cent), casein (1.0 per cent), and gastric mucin (1.0 per cent) to suspensions of P. aeruginosa helped to preserve the viability of the bacteria when dried in thin films. Therefore, these substances were incorporated in all formulations used in the field experiments.
Notes on Parathion-Resistant Strains of Two Phytophagous Mites and a Predacious Mite in British Columbia
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. , Anderson N. H.
Published: January 2010

The existence of strains of mites resistant to parathion has been well established (Garman, 1950; Lienk, Dean, & Chapman, 1952; Newcomer & Dean, 1952; Smith & Fulton, 1951). Resistant strains of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), first occurred in orchards of the Pacific northwest in 1950 (Newcomer, 1951; O'Neill & Hantsbarger, 1951), approximately three years after parathion was first used as an acaricide. Two other species of orchard mites, the Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McG., and T. mcdanieli McG., were subsequently reported to have developed parathion-resistant strains in the same area (Newcomer & Dean, 1953). Though parathion is lethal to most predacious mites and insects, Huffaker and Kennett (1953) found a difference in tolerance between species of Typhlodromus in the field and in the laboratory: T. reticulatus Oudms. was very susceptible to parathion whereas T. occidentalis Nesbitt was not appreciably affected by it.
New Pyralidae from the Papuan Region (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

The following new species have been found in material submitted from various sources for identification.

Glyphodes obscura, new species

Fig. 1, 9, 13

Head, body and wings above moderately dark greyish brown, wings with a faint purplish sheen, hind wing a little paler and somewhat translucent in basal two-thirds. Markings very obscure. Fore wing above: antemedial band w-eakly fulvous. dark-bordered. somewhat oblique; discocellular patch obscure, quadrate; postmedial band weakly fulvous, dark-bordered, outwardly oblique to anal fold, then retracted to lower angle of cell and again outwardlyoblique to inner margin; an obscure dark subterminal line, almost parallel to margin; a narrow dark terminal line; fringe a little paler than an wing, with a dark midline. Hind wing above: a distinct dark dot at lower angle of cell; a very obscure, regular, postmedial band; traces of a dark, crenulated, subterminal line; terminal lineand fringe as on fore wing. Fore wing beneath: base and disc paler than above; ancerntdial line lacking; discocellular marking dark, geminate, joined posteriorly tn the inner end of postmedial line; the latter dark, roughly L-shaped, the part behind the discocellular patch obsolete; termen and fringe as above. Hind wing beneath: much ns above. but discocellular dot obscure and postmedial band dark, not fulvous. Female a little paler than male. Expanse 40 to 44 mm.
A Mathematical Model for the Effect of Densities of Attacked and Attacking Species on the Number Attacked
Authors: Watt K. E. F.
Published: January 2010

Any realistic mathematical model of insect pest population dynamics to be used in maximizing control efficiency must mimic the effects of weather, the habitat, other organisms of various specles, food, and chemicals applied by man. However. before such a model can be constructed. suitable mathematical formulations for the mechanismof each type of factor must be developed.
A New Species of Anoplodera Mulsant in the mutabilis-aspera Group (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Howden Henry F.
Published: January 2010

In the genus Anoplodera two species, mutabilis Newman and aspera LeConre, represent a small, distinct group. A thirdspecies, previously unrecognized and closely related to aspera, has been noted in material submitted for identification. The present description and distributional notes are based on material in the California Academy of Sciences, the Canadian National Collection, Cornell University, Ohio State University, the United States National Museum, and the personal collections of Dr. J. N. Knull, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and Mr. C. A. Frost, Framingham, Mass. I wish to thank Dr. Knull for examining some of the eastern specimens that have been confused with aspera; he concurred that they represented an undescribed species
Flight Responses to Various Sounds by Adult Males of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Wishart Geo. , Riordan D. F.
Published: January 2010

Many authors observed that mosquitoes respond to a large variety of artificial sounds (for references see Roth. 1948). Efforts to attract males of Aedes aegypti (L.) by play-back recoridings of the flight sound of the female have met with moderate success (Kahn et al., 1945; Offenhauser and Kahn, 1949; Kahn and Offenhauser, 1949). Roth (1948) demonstrated that males of A. aegypti approached the sounds of tuninh forks and sine sounds from a speaker. He also determined the upper and lower limits of frequencies that stimulated males, but in these experiments he did not use attraction to the source of the sound as the criterion of response, but the “seizing and clasping”reaction. He exposed the maIe mosquitoes in cages, three inches by three inches by one inch, placed against a box that housed a loud speaker. Under these conditions the mosquitoes had little opportunity to fly to orient themselves toward the sound source. Moreover the sound used was of such intensity (108 db at 2½ inches) that the whole cage vibrated, so that at least part of the response was undoubtedly caused by vibration of the substratum on which the mosquitoes rested. Sounds of such intensity do not normally occur in the natural environment of the mosquito. Moreover, the “seizing and clasping” response does not occur until the male approaches the female in response to sound or other stimulus. If the place of sound in the attraction of thc males is to be studied, the primary response, that of approach, should be the criterion and the amount of sound used should bear a reasonable relation to that occurring in nature.
Observations on the Life-Cycle of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), in the Willamette Valley of Oregon
Authors: Tunnock A. , Rudinsky J. A.
Published: January 2010

The balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Adelgidae, Homoptera), originally introduced from Europe, was reported on grand fir, Abies grandis (Doug.) Lindl., in the Willamette Valley by Keen (5) around 1930. Serious outbreaks of this insect were first recorded on subalpine fir, A. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., in Oregon and Pacific silver fir, A. amabilis (Doug].) Forb., in Washington in 1954 ( 3 ) . At present about 600,000 acres of subalpine and Pacific silver firs are heavily infested in the Pacific Northwest.
Definition of the Genus Grammonota (Araneae: Erigonidae), with Descriptions of Seven New Species
Authors: Dondale C. D.
Published: January 2010

Grammonota Emerton, 1882, is one of the many uniform genera that constitute the large and complex family Erigonidae. All of the 28 species and one subspecies recognized by the present writer are American in range, and representatives occur from southwestern Alaska and James Bay in the north to Central America and the West Indies. A few species are arctic-alpine, or are restricted to the Pacific coast, but most occur east of the Rocky Mountains from southern Canada to the Gulf States.
Potential Usefulness of Vinyl Latices as Stickers
Authors: Angus T. A.
Published: January 2010

In 1954, the use of Methocel (methyl cellulose) as a sticker in laboratory studies of bacterial pathogens was described (1). Although satisfactory for laboratory use, Methocel is not practical for field use because of its solubility in water. In a field experiment 1½ inches of rain in two hours reduced by 80 per cent the residual count of bacteria applied as a suspension in Methocel. In a search for a more satisfactory sticker for field use, colloidal dispersions of vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers in water have been tested. These trials have been sufficiently encouraging to justify a preliminary report of the results.
Description of a New Species of Typhlodromus (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) from Eastern Asia
Authors: Chant D. A.
Published: January 2010

Many new species of Typhlodromus were described in recent years and these can readily be assigned to the species groups established by Chant (in press). Recently I received some slides of mites collected by Dr. Stanley Flanders, Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California, in Hong Kong in 1953. These mites are of the subgenus Typhlodromus as defined by Chant (1957), of a hitherto undescribed species that does not fall into any of the groups listed and that is of particular importance to those interested in the systematics of the Phytoseiidae.
Swammerdamia caesiella Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), a New Pest of Japanese Plum in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario
Authors: Armstrong Thomas
Published: January 2010

In May, 1956, large numbers of small caterpillars were found on Japanese plum trees in an orchard near Queenston in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario. The owner stated that he first noticed them in 1955 when they got on his clothes while he was cultivating the orchard. In June, 1956, the caterpillars were also found on ornamental plum, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. var. pissardii Koehne, in nurseries at Niagara-on-the-Lake and Fonthill by nursery inspectors.
Some Characteristics of Simple Types of Predation and Parasitism
Authors: Holling C. S.
Published: January 2010

In an earlier study (Holling, 1959) the basic and subsidiary components of predation were demonstrated in a predator-prey situation involving the predation of sawfly cocoons by small mammals. One of the basic components, termed the functional response, was a response of the consumption of prey by individual predators to changes of prey density, and it appeared to be at least theoretically important in population regulation: Because of this importance the functional response has been further examined in an attempt to explain its characteristics.
Winter Rearing of Tent Caterpillars, Malacosoma spp. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Bucher G. E.
Published: January 2010

During the winter of 1957-58 larvae of the tent caterpilIars Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) and M. americanum (F;.) were reared to provide material for tests on the spore-forming bacterium reported by Bucher (1957). AS there is little published information on winter rearing of sent caterpillars, except that of Sippell (1952) on M. disstria Hbn., the technique is given below.
Some New Braconidae (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Mason W. R. M.
Published: January 2010

The following new species are described to make names available for publications by other entomologists.

Apanteles salalicus n.sp.

This keys to couplet 72 or 74 in Muesebeck's revision (Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 58: 483-576, 1921.) but differs from both species there in its solitary habits, strongly exserted ovipositor sheaths, large and acutely pointed hypopygium, elevated and very coarsely sculptured abdominal tergites, and yellow hind coxae.
Collection, Extraction, Sterilization and Low-Temperature Storage of Black-Fly Eggs (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H.
Published: January 2010

Because black flies are active for only a few months each year in the vicinity of this laboratory, methods for collecting, extracting, sterilizing, and storing eggs were devised to facilitate a year around program of research. These methods were developed partly from existing entomological and limnological techniques.
Revision of the Genus Linosta Möschler (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with Characterization of the Subfamily Linostinae and a New Subfamily
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

The genus Linosta was described by Möschler (1881: 433) for the single species L. sinceralis Möschler from Surinam. There have been few subsequent published references to the genus, but in most collections it stands in the Schoenobiinae. Amsel (1956) surveyed the structural characters and noted that the genus did not fit very well into the Schoenobiinae or any other subfamily and that it would possibly require its own subfamily “Linosterinae”, but he left it in Schoenobiinae for the time being. In my opinion the group is sufficiently distinguished from the Schoenobiinae by the absence of proboscis, of maxillary palpus, of chaetosema, and of tubular 1st A of primary, as well as by the different tympanic and genital striucturc. The absence of the maxillary palpus would place the genus in Chrysauginae, but the joining of the tympanic bullae and the presence of a definite praecinctorium (new term for tablier of Guenée = Schürze of Lederer = Kielhäutchen of Amsel) rule this out. The group obviously belongs in the basal part of the crambine-pyraustine complex; the actual affinity appears to be to the Cybalomiinae (new subfamily, type genus Cybalomia Lederer, characters of Crambinae, but with chaetosema absent). The male genitalia agree well with those of Cybalomia and Stiphrometasia, especially in the close association of the base of the gnathos with a strap-like sclerite connecting with the costal articulation of the valve. Also the tympanic structure is closely similar to that of Stiphrometasia and furthermore to that of Thyridophora, which has a fovea and associated stalking of R5, and M1, just as in Linosta, and which also lacks the proboscis.
Estimation of Parasitism of Larch Sawfly Cocoons by Bessa harveyi Tnsd. in Survey Collections
Authors: Ives W. G. H. , Prentice R. M.
Published: January 2010

The Forest Insect Survey at the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, has been compiling records for a number of years on the percentage of cocoons of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), parasitized by the tachinid Bessa harveyi Tnsd. Sawfly cocoons were collected each fall from the soil in infested stands, and those containing living larvae were dissected to determine the percentage of parasitism by B. harveyi. These estimates have been used to provide an index of parasitism (Lejeune and Hildahl, 1954), but are of limited value for a number of reasons: (1) estimates can be expressed only as percentage of sound cocoons parasitized; (2) total parasitism cannot be estimated because a portion of the parasites emerge from the cocoons before collection; and (3) estimates of parasitism may not be representative of the stand because there is a tendency to collect cocoons where they are easiest to find; hence all the cocoons in a collection may be from one or two small areas. If the proportion of cocoons containing B. harveyi varies within a stand such collections may give unreliable estimates of parasitism.
Note on Occurrence and Nesting Habits of Ancistrocerus waldenii waldenii (Vier.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Newfoundland
Authors: Morris Ray F.
Published: January 2010

On July 7, 1958, at Churchill Park, St. John's, a number of wasps were observed boring holes into the mortar between the bricks of a private dwelling. A total of 41 holes, three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter and up to three inches in depth, were counted. The majority of these holes faced south and a few faced west. Some were provisioned with small green caterpillars and capped, and others were in the process of excavation. This unusual nesting habit, and the presence of the wasps, caused much anxiety to the owner. One spraying with a five per cent DDT solution, concentrated in and around the holes, eliminated the infestation.
Seasonal Variation of Tabanids (Diptera) in Algonquin Park, Ontario
Authors: Davies D. M.
Published: January 2010

Horse flies and deer flies were collected throughout the spring and summer of 1955 by the author and others in the vicinity of the Wildlife Research Station, Algonquin Park, Ontario. These collections include 2,712 females of 15 Chrysops species, three males and 278 females of 13 Tabanus species and one female of Stonemyia tranquilla (O. S.). However, tabanids collected in other years from the Park have been studied as well. In 1955 T . trepidus McD. (35%) and T. epistates O. S. (15%) together accounted for half the Tabanus species collected, and C. vittata Wied. (23%), C. montana O. S. (16%) and C. wiedemanni Kröber (15%) for more than half the species of Chrysops (Table 11).
History of the Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Alberta
Authors: Hobbs G. A. , Nummi W. O. , Virostek J. F.
Published: January 2010

In June, 1954, the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.), was found in very small numbers (one per 500 sweeps) in alfalfa fields in the valley of the Milk River and in the area between the hamlets of Onefour and Orion in southeastern Alberta. These were the first records of its occurrence in Canada. As the host-specific parasite Bathyplectes curculionis (Thoms.) (Townes and Townes, 1951) emerged from some of the weevil larvae collected then, the weevil had been in Alberta for at least one year. On July 26 an intensive search was made in the irrigated areas around Lethbridge. Only two weevils were taken in approximately 25,000 sweeps from 25 fields. The distribution of the weevil at this time indicated that it had migrated from the irrigated areas of Montana that lie along the lower reaches of the Milk River by way of the river valley.
Note on Occurrence of Horogenes punctorius (Roman) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Parasite of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Wressell H. B. , Wishart G.
Published: January 2010

In a survey of infestation by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilatis (Hbn.), in Essex County, Ontario, in 1957, officers of the Chatham laboratory found several hymenopterous pupae associated with dead borers. Adults emerged in the laboratory and were identified by Mr. G. S. Walley, Entomology Division, Ottawa, as of Horogenes punctorius (Roman), an imported parasite of the borer. This is the first record of its establishment in Canada.
A New Species of Isonychus Mannerheim from Southern Arizona (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Howden Henry F.
Published: January 2010

The genus Isonychus contains about 60 described species, largely from Central and South America. None have been recorded previously from the United States. The species described below from southern Arizona extends the known range of the genus about six or seven hundred miles northward.

The genus is placed in the Macrodactylini and may be briefly characterized as follows: surfaces of vertex, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra covered with setae; elytra feebly striate; setal color pattern usually present on elytra; fore tibia bidentate; all tarsi with two claws, each of the latter cleft at tip and with a small basal tooth; one tibial spur on each fore leg, two spurs on each mesothoracic leg in both sexes and two tibial spurs on each metathoracic leg of the female, spurs lacking or single on the metathoracic legs of the male; fore and middle coxae contiguous or very narrowly separated.
Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) VI. Aphidecta obliterata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada,
Authors: Brown N. R. , Clark R. C.
Published: January 2010

Aphidecta obliterata (L.) is a common predator on conifer-infesting adelgids and aphids in Western Europe, including Scandinavia and the British Isles (Wylie, 1958b). The life cycle in Europe and descriptions of the various stages have been published (Weise, 1892; Portevin, 1931; Van Emden, 1949; Van Dinther, 1951; Wylie, 1958a). Beginning in 1941 several attempts have been made to introduce this species into Eastern Canada against the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). The initial liberations from England and Germany were apparently unsuccessful due to the inability of the insect to survive the Canadian winter conditions. Later collections were made in Sweden, Czechoslovakia, and Switzerland (Table I) from areas where the winter conditions more closely resemble those in Canada. These liberations also proved unsuccessful. The present paper brings together all available information on the liberations and related experiments olbtained during the liberation years.
A Key to the Larvae of Leaf-Mining Sawflies on Birch in Ontario with Notes on their Biology
Authors: Lindquist O. H.
Published: January 2010

The larvae of leaf-mining insects are difficult to rear in the laboratory and large-scale insect surveys must often rely on the identification of immature stages for their information. The need for a larval key to the birch leaf-mining saw-flies in Ontario became apparent when a complex of three species, Profenusa alumna (MacG.), Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), and Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.), was first discovered in 1955 (Lindquist 1955). Larvae of the three mentioned species have been described in recent years by Watson (1959), Friend (1933), and Peirson and Brower (1936), respectively. Additional descriptions of the larvae of F. pusilla and H. nemoratus were made by Daviault (1937). Information on distribution and seasonal occurrence was obtained from collections made by forest biology rangers over a 3-year period. Brief notes on the biology of the species, for comparison purposes, follows the larval key.
Canadian Species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Heinrich (1956) records four species of Dioryctria from Canada. Material in the Canadian National Collection includes eight species from Canada, two of them new. Also, one of the species recorded by Heinrich was in my opinion misidentified by him. In this paper I describe the new species, and give locality records and photographs of the other Canadian species, notes on taxonomy and host associations, and a key to the Canadian species.
Gall Aphids on Poplar in Alberta II. Periods of Emergence from Galls, Reproductive Capacities, and Predators of Aphids in Galls
Authors: Harper A. M.
Published: January 2010

In southern Alberta there are several species of aphids that produce galls on poplar trees (Harper, 1959). These aphids are all in the subfamily Eriosomatinae and in the genera Pemphigus Hartig, Thecabius Koch, and Mordwilkoja Del. G. Two of the species are of economic importance, Pemphigus betae Doane, a pest of sugar beets in Alberta and parts of United States (Harper, 1957; Maxson, 1916; Parker, 1915), and Pemphigus populitransversus Riley, a serious pest of crucifers in Texas (Wene and White, 1953). Both species overwinter on poplar as eggs. In spring the fundatrix emerges from the egg and feeds on the poplar leaf, initiating a gall in which the winged fundatrigeniae are produced. During the summer the fundatrigeniae migrate to the secondary host where they produce the wingless alienicolae; in the fall these in turn produce the winged sexuparae, which migrate to the poplars where they produce the wingless sexuales. The female sexuales, after mating, deposit eggs on the poplars to complete the life cycle (Harper, 1957; Jones and Gillette, 1918; Parker, 1914).
New Canadian Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) III
Authors: Shewell G. E.
Published: January 2010

The following descriptions are based on material collected during a field trip to the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia in June 1955. Most of the streams concerned are in the vicinity of Qualicum Bay, a summer resort midway between the cities of Nanaimo and Courtenay. Lying in the lee of the mountainous interior of the island, this narrow strip of coastal forest has a climate somewhat drier than is normal for the region as a whole. The annual precipitation is less than 50 inches and there is a pronounced dry period in July and August. The short coastal rivers are in spate in the fall and winter months when the heaviest rainfall occurs. They are fast and shallow with clean beds of gravel or small boulders. Because of limited water storage in the hinterland,flash-flooding is frequent after rain storms. Vegetation of the forest floor is lush and the courses of the smaller streams are often concealed by dense thickets of salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh.), thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.) and other shrubs that overhang the banks. During the spring and earlysummer, conditions appear to be very favourable for the propagation of black flies. In late May, one of the Prosimulium species described herein was already past its peak of emergence and the occurrence of even earlier species seems probable.
An Unusual Case of Teratology in Siphonaptera
Authors: Holland George P.
Published: January 2010

Most systematists occasionally come upon abnormal specimens of species belonging to the groups they study. Such specimens, depending on the nature of the abnormality, may be of only psssing interest as curiosities, or may be considered of sufficient importance to report in the literature.

Several authors have recorded cases of teratology in the fleas, most of the cases concerning duplication of an organ (usually the spermatheca of the female). castration of the male by nematodes, or variability in the numbers of ctenidial spines. Smit (1949) reviewed the scant literature and later published several additional papers on monstrosities in Siphonaptera.
Morphology of Immature Stages, Life-History, and Behaviour of Three Hymenopterous Parasites of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Juillet J. A.
Published: January 2010

Three introduced species of hymenopterous parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff), were released in Waterloo County Reforestation Area, near Elmira, Ontario, from 1955 to 1957: Ephialtes ruficollis (Grav.) and Eulimeria rufifemur (Thorns.) (Ichneumonidae) and Tetrastichus turionum (Htg.) (Eulophidae). This is an account of their life history and behavior.
Hymenoptera Reared from the Mossy Rose Gall Caused by Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Authors: Judd W. W.
Published: January 2010

On January 10, 1958 a collection of 20 galls was made from a rose bush in an abandoned brickyard bounded by Cheapside, Taylor, Victoria and Adelaide Streets at London, Ontario. This was the same site in which collections of galls were made from goldenrod and willow by Judd (1953, 1958). Collections of flowers and leaves from the rose bush were made later in the year on June 20 and fruits were collected on September 14. From examination of these the bush was identified as Rosa canina L. by Dr. F. H. Montgomery, Department of Botany, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, who retained specimens of the plant for the herbarium of that institution. Specimens are also retained in the writer's herbarium (sheets 603, 604). By using keys in Felt (1940) the galls were identified as mossy rose galls or rose bedeguars caused by the cynipid wasp Diplolepis rosae (L.). The galls were roughly oval and were clothed with a furry covering of flexible filaments, thus resembling galls of this species figured by Connold (1902) and Felt (1940). The 20 galls ranged in size from l¼ in. × 1¼in. to 3 in. × 2½ in. Connold (1902) records the average dimensions of a mature gall to be 35 mm. and Felt (1940) reports diameters up to four inches. Callan (1944), Connold (1902) and Muesebecli et al, (1951) report that this gall has been introduced from Europe into North America and occurs habiyually on the dog-rose, Rosa canina L., a shrub which itself has been introduced into North America from Europe (Fernald, 1950).
A New Family of Trichoptera from Asia
Authors: Wiggins Glenn B.
Published: January 2010

In 1906 Nathan Banks described a species, Phryganea latipennis, based on a single male specimen which he had received in a collection of caddisflies from Japan. Assignment of this species to the family Phryganeidae has always seemed the logical course because the adults possessed the typical phryganeid characters of ocelli, four-segmented maxilary palpi in the male, and five-segmented palpi in the female, with a tibia1 spur cout of 2, 4, 4. That the species was a phryganeid has never been questioned in the past, and in a preliminary revision of the familyPhrygancidae, Martynov (1924) created a new genus Phryganopsis for the single species latipennis Banks . A second species, cornuta, from Burma, was added to the genus by Kimmins (1950). It was not until 1951 that the larva and case of P. latipennis were figured and briefly described by Tsuda. This was the first published information on the immature stages of the genus, and the structures of the pupa have still not been made known.
Spruce Budworm Parasite Studies in Northwestern Ontario
Authors: McGugan B. M. , Blais J. R.
Published: January 2010

The extensive coniferous stands in northwestern Ontario have been subjected to repeated widespread outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (5). About 1939 two such outbreaks originated almost simultaneously, one on the west shores of Lake Nipigon and the other south of Lac Seul approximately 180 miles farther west. Each outbreak eventually covered thousands of square miles and was responsible for the destruction of hundreds of square miles of balsam fir forest. Studies of the parasite complex attacking the spruce budworm in northwestern Ontario and the assessment of its general influence on budworm population trends were initiated in the Lake Nipigon outbreak in 1946 by Professor N. R. Brown, now of the University of New Brunswick, and were further developed by the senior author from 1947 to 1950. Similar investigations were initiated by the junior author in the Lac Seul outbreak in 1950 and continued until 1954. Studies in both areas were continued on a limited basis until 1956 through the co-operation of several research officers.
Note on Feeding Ranges of Six Species of Predaceous Mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the Laboratory
Authors: Herbert H. J.
Published: January 2010

In the laboratory, females of Typhodromus tiliae Oudms., T.(N.) rhenanus Oudms., T. finlandicus Oudms., T. fallacis (Garm.), T. corticis Herb., and Phytoseius macropilis (Oudms.) were given various stages of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi (Koch), Bryobia arborea M. & A., and Tetranychus telarius (L.), and Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.) to determine their ranges of feeding. The influence of these prey species on growth of phytoseiids and their ability to oviposit was not determined.
Note on a Cycloptic Specimen of Lamachus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Finlayson Thelma
Published: January 2010

An abnormal adult male of Lamachus sp., with a single eye, was reared in the summer of 1939 at Belleville, Ont., from a second-generation cocoon of the spruce sawfly, Diprion polytomum (Htg.), collected at Milicin, Czechoslovakia, in September, 1938. The eye (Figs. 1 and 2) occupies the normal position on either side of the head but is continuous over the vertex and extends anteriorly to the antenna1 sutures. The bases of the antennae are closer together than, and arise from the head in a position slightly ventral to, normal. There are no ocelli present. The head is about three-quarters the length and five-eighths the width of that of an average normal specimen, and gives the appearance of being globular in shape. The other appendages of the head appear normai in shape and position.
The Spider Population of a Stand of Oak (Quercus robur L.) in Wytham Wood, Berks., England
Authors: Turnbull A. L.
Published: January 2010

In an assessment of spider predation on insects, an arbitrarily delimited woodland community was examined to determine the species of spiders present and their abundance and distribution therein. Periodic samples were taken from September, 1954, to September, 1956.
Design and Efficiency of Mosquito Traps Based on Visual Response to Patterns
Authors: Haufe W. O. , Burgess L.
Published: January 2010

Extensive investigations on the biology and control of biting flies were conducted in northern Canada from 1947 to 1953 (Brown,et al., 1951; Haufe, 1952; Hockinget al., 1950; Twinnet al., 1948, 1950; Twinn 1950). The difficulty of assessing populations of mosquitoes both in chemical control and in ecological investigations limited the interpretation of some of the work that was undertaken. One of the primary objectives of ecological and behaviour studies was to determine the weather conditions that are favourable for attraction of mosquitoes to man. Reliable estimates of the unattracted population must, for this purpose, be obtained independently of the observer. Large catches are also important in estimating abundance when the time for individual catches is reduced to one hour or less. For these reasons a satisfactory mechanically-operated device for sampling mosquitoes in flight became essential.
New Hymenopterous Parasites of Lodgepole Pine Needle Miners
Authors: Mason W. R. M.
Published: January 2010

In rearings of lodgepole pine needle miners (mostly Recurvaria milleri Busck and R. starki Freeman) in California and Alberta an undescribed species of Ichneumonidae and two of Braconidae have commonly been recovered.
Effects of Temperature, Humidity, and Larval Weight on the Duration of Prepupal and Pupal Stages of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Blakeley P. E. , Jacobson L. A.
Published: January 2010

The pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., a pest of crops in the plains areas, occurs in central Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada southward to various areas of Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico in the United States. It has been suggested that in the prepupal stage this cutworm is able to adapt itself to a wide range of climatic and geographic conditions and to retain a univoltine life cycle. The investigations reported here were made to determine the effects of temperature, moisture, and larval weights on the duration of the prepupal and pupal stages.
Two New Species of the Genus Hyperaspis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Watson W. Y.
Published: January 2010

Among the more important predacious coccinellids in eastern North America is Hyperaspis binotata auct., which has been considered a general feeder on Toumeyella numismaticum (P. & M.), Pulvinaria spp., and other scale insects. A review of the specimens identified as H. binotata in the collections of the Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, has revealed, not only H. binotata (Say), but two apparently new species, descriptions of which are given in this paper. In addition to the material at Sault Ste. Marie, specimens were obtained from the Canadian National Collection and the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae), VII. Laricobius rubidus Lec. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a Predator of Pineus strobi (Htg.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Clark R. C. , Brown N. R.
Published: January 2010

Although Laricobius rubidus LeConte (1861, 1866) is not a common predator of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), this paper is included in the series because of the close taxonomic similarities of L. rubidus in all stages to the recently introduced L. erichsonii Rosenh. In the past there has been confusion in the literature because the majority of records of rubidus have been erroneously attributed to erichsonii. These records have been discussed in detail in a paper on L. erichsonii, a species which has been introduced into North America as part of a biological control program against A. piceae (Clark and Brown, 1958).
New Species of Polygrammodes and a Related New Genus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Body above pale yellow, abdomen with faint brown mid-dorsal and dorso-lateral spots; a vinous stripe in front of wing-base; body beneath and legs whitish buff. Wings above yellow, paler distally on fore wing and costally on hind wing. Fore wing with faint indications of an arcuate, blackish-fuscous, broken antemedial band; orbicular represented bv a black dot in cell; reniform obsolete; postmedial line strongly zig-zagged, inierrupted at veins, preceded by black dashes in cells M2, to Cu2; a subterminal row of brownish-fuscous spots between veins; fringe yellow; hind wing with interrupted, zig-zagged postmedial line, preceded by black dashes, as on fore wing; subterminal spots stronger than on fore wing; fringe yellow. Wings beneath whitish buff; costa of fore wing weakly infuscated; a fuscous dot-like orbicular and lunate reniform; no other markings. Expanse 67 mm.
Studies on the Early Stages of Two California Moths which Feed in the Staminate Cones of Digger Pine (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Burdick Donald J. , Powell Jerry A.
Published: January 2010

During life history investigations on Xyela minor Norton (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), larvae of two species of gelechiid moths were found feeding in the staminate cones of digger pine, Pinus sabiniana, along with the Xyela larvae. These moths are Exoteleia burkei Keifer (1931) and Chionodes sabinianae Powell (1959), the latter having been described from material collected during rhe course of our investigations. Exoteleia and Chionodes are not closely related genera within the family Gelechiidae, and the two species are related in the present study only by larval habitat.
Attractiveness of Different Foods and Flowers to the Adults of some Hymenopterous Parasites
Authors: Leius K.
Published: January 2010

Many attempts to establish introduced parasites in Canada failed though the climatic conditions at their release points were apparently similar to those of their native habitats (Thorpe, 1930; Baird et al., 1947). It is known that many adults of hymenopterous parasites feed on flowers, aphid honeydew, host body fluids, and other substances (Jackson, 19 37; Thorpe and Caudle: 1938; Schneider, 1939; Györfi, 1945, 1951; Zoebelein, 1956). This brings up the possibility that nourishment from one or more of the above sources is necessary for surviial and reproduction, and that some of the failures may have been because of the absence or scarcity of suitable adult food (Clausen. 1956). At present data on the food preferences of adult hymenopterous parasites are scarce. Except for a few field and laboratory observations, there are no experiments that demonstrate distinct preferences for one food over another. The results of the experiments described in the present paper demonstrate that adults of the species studied have preferences for some flowers and food substances tested.
The Bionomics of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) a Leaf-Mining Sawfly on Betula spp
Authors: Martin J. Lynton
Published: January 2010

Infestations of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) have occurred throughout most of northeastern, central, and southern Ontario since 1948 (Sippell, MacDonald, and Wallace, 1956), but before 1955 (Lindquist, 1955), its presence was not recognized because it was confused with the common birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.).
The Relation of Weather to Population Trends of the Black-headed Budworm Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Silver G. T.
Published: January 2010

The history of the black-headed budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.), in the western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forests of coastal British Columbia is one of recurring cycles of outbreaks. The latest cycle occurred from 1952 to 1957 and was represented by three main outbreaks in the Portland Canal area from Prince Rupert to Stewart, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and on northern Vancouver Island. Previous to this, groups of West Coast outbreaks were recorded from 1940 to 1945, and from 1927 to 1931 (Prebble and Graham, 1945a).
Distribution of Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothsch.) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in Canada
Authors: McKiel J. A. , Hall R. R. , Cousineau G.
Published: January 2010

Of the many species of fleas incriminated in plague transmission, the most notorious is the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothsch.). This is due to its early discovery as a plague vector (Simond, 1898), its demonstrated superior ability to transmit the infection (Kartman and Prince, 1956), and its recognition as the principal vector of plague from rat to man. Holland (1949) regards its presence in any geographical area as a matter of concern.
The Unusual Pupal Mandibles in the Caddisfly Family Phryganeidae (Trichoptera)
Authors: Wiggins Glenn B.
Published: January 2010

In most entomological textbooks and other general summaries the pupae of the order Trichoptera are characterized as having strong mandibles which are used to make a hole through the pupal enclosure, thereby permitting the escape of the pharate adult. For the vast majority of caddisfly genera for which pupae are known this description is probably accurate enough, but it is somewhat less than accurate to describe the pupae of all caddisflies in this way.