bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green IoT Based on Tropical Weather: The Impact of Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Mohd Nabil Iqbal Ahmad  , Aznida Abu Bakar Sajak  , Hassan Dao
Published: February 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a key component of Green IoT, as they play a critical role in many applications. However, a major challenge faced by WSNs is their limited energy capacity, which can impede their effectiveness. To address this issue, energy harvesting techniques are used to harness ambient energy and power the nodes, eliminating the need for frequent battery replacements or recharging. This study proposes a solar energy harvesting technique to prolong the lifespan of each wireless sensor node in a network. The aim of the research is to assess the impact of energy harvesting on wireless sensor networks with a focus on solar ambient light energy, as it is a critical component of achieving a Green Internet of Things (IoT). The study is adapted to the tropical weather of Malaysia and its forecasted conditions. Through the use of NetSim simulations, the energy efficiency and reliability of the network are evaluated using solar energy harvesting. The recharge rate for energy harvesting in a wireless sensor network is calculated to be 2.34W per day using a 55x70mm solar photovoltaic panel based on Malaysia weather forecasts and sun hours. This proposed method is successfully executed using NetSim, which utilizes real device parameters for a WSN in a simulated agriculture environment. The results show an overall improvement of 22.4 percent in performance parameters in all areas, including energy consumption, network layer, routing performance, and IEEE 802.15.4 metrics, representing a significant improvement. With the implementation of solar energy harvesting, traditional energy of WSNs can benefit from developing smart agricultural monitoring systems. This efficient method and calculation for solar energy harvesting can help to sustain the infinite lifetime of WSN by optimizing the operational time to 18% of the duty cycle. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively increase the energy efficiency and reliability of the network, making it a promising solution for WSNs operating in tropical regions. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and energy-efficient WSNs, promoting the Green IoT concept.
Assessing The General Sentiment of Malaysian Manufacturers in Adopting Blockchain Technology to Improve Supply Chain Processes
Authors: Bryan Teoh Phern Chern  , Teoh Bak Aun  , Elishia Loo Po-Lynn  , Cheng U-Jin
Published: February 2024

The popularity of blockchain technology has seen a dramatic increase throughout the year of 2021 and 2022, with numerous use cases in various global industries. This includes the use of cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens, decentralized autonomous organizations, and others. In Malaysia, there is also an apparent increase in general awareness towards the technology, with Bank Negara Malaysia and Securities Commission actively participating in the Committee for Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology. This study specifically examined at the Malaysian manufacturing industry, attempting to assess their general sentiments towards blockchain technology and how it could help to improve various supply chain processes. The quantitative study received 114 valid responses from management level employees with Malaysian manufacturers, enabling the researchers to assess the task technology fit, perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PUSE), and technology readiness index (TRI). The analysis indicated that there is indeed a high task technology fit in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. In addition, this industry showed a positive sentiment towards blockchain technology, with high scores in PEOU, PUSE, and TRI. The high TRI numbers also had a positive significant relationship on the decision to adopt this technology within the manufacturing companies to improve various supply chain processes.
A Comprehensive Study on EDFA Gain Flattening for WDM Transmission using Cascaded Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Moustafa Hussein Aly  , Engy Khalil El Nayal  , Heba Ahmed Fayed  , Hanan Mahmoud El-Gammal
Published: February 2024

The gain flattening of optical amplifiers plays a crucial role in optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) communication systems, ensuring uniform amplification across all channels. This study focuses on investigating the gain flattening characteristics of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) using cascaded Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) in the C-band wavelength range. A comparative analysis of various optical amplifiers revealed that EDFA exhibited the highest gain variation, making it an optimal choice for gain flattening. The key parameters to achieve optimal EDFA gain flattening include the wavelengths of the channels, EDFA length, noise figure (NF), and the number of cascaded FBGs. Simulation experiments are conducted using Optisystem software (ver. 14.2) and the obtained results reveal that EDFA gain flatness can be achieved within the wavelength range of 1531 to 1533 nm, utilizing an EDFA length of 6 m and 12 cascaded FBGs. These findings contribute to the advancement of gain flattening techniques in optical WDM systems, enhancing their performance and reliability.
Cascaded PFLANN Model for Intelligent Health Informatics in Detection of Respiratory Diseases from Speech Using Bio-inspired Computation
Authors: Jagannath Dayal Pradhan  , L V Narasimha Prasad  , Tusar Kanti Dash  , Manisha Guduri  , Ganapati Panda
Published: February 2024

Due to the recent developments in communications technology, cognitive computations have been used in smart healthcare techniques that can combine massive medical data, Artificial intelligence, federated learning, Bio-inspired computation, and the Internet of Medical Things. It has helped in knowledge sharing and scaling ability between patients, doctors, and clinics for effective treatment of patients. Speech-based respiratory disease detection and monitoring are crucial in this direction and have shown several promising results. Since the subject’s speech can be remotely recorded and submitted for further examination, it offers a quick, economical, dependable, and non-invasive prospective alternative detection approach. However, the two main requirements of this are higher accuracy and lower computational complexity and, in many cases, these two requirements do not correlate with each other. This problem has been taken up in this paper to develop a low computational complexity-based neural network with higher accuracy. A Cascaded Perceptual functional link artificial neural network (PFLANN) is used to capture the non-linearity in the data for better classification performance with low computational complexity. The proposed model is being tested for multiple respiratory diseases and the analysis of various performance matrices demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed model both in terms of accuracy and complexity.
Matching Game Genre with Lesson Content – A Development of Blood Circulation Racing Game
Authors: Ahmadon Fadzlin , Selahuddeen Muhammad Zikri , Abdul Rahim Elin Eliana , Mohd Rusli Hazlifah
Published: February 2024

It has been demonstrated that students pay more attention during game-based learning, which in turn leads to greater levels of learning among students. In addition, the success of students in their academic endeavours is increased when the learning styles or learning objectives of the children are matched with the appropriate game type. This paper describes the development of a digital game for learning blood circulation that maps to a ‘racing’ game genre. The lesson’s objective was for the students to be able to understand how blood flows, and a racing game genre was chosen to match the lesson content. Racing game assets such as racetrack, race path, race car, and obstacles are mapped to lesson-embedded designs such as simplified blood circuit, blood direction, blood cells, and cholesterol lumps. Multiple cues are inserted into the game to help players with content recollections. Common challenges for racing games, such as time limits, energy meters, and obstacles, are tailored to the theme of blood circulation. Usability testing was conducted to measure the ease of use of this game using System Usability Scale (SUS). Five fifteen-year-old participants took part in the testing at a secondary school in Melaka. Participants were chosen using convenience sampling, and none of the participants had ever played the game before. A SUS standard score of 78 was obtained, which is considered 'Good' under the Adjective Ratings when measured against the SUS Score Graph.
Performance of Ceramic Tiles Waste as a Partial Replacement of Brick Aggregate on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete
Authors: Basak Sumit , Haque Md. Rashedul , Azad Abul Kalam , Rahman Md. Montasir
Published: February 2024

The availability of natural aggregates such as stone chips is a particularly challenging issue nowadays. Ceramic materials are increasingly being used in new projects such as tiles, sanitary fittings, electrical insulators, and so on, due to ceramic’s fragile properties, which often break during production, shipping, and installation. So, ceramic waste is one of these materials that are probably cost-efficient to use as a substitution (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) for brick chips. This research examined the mechanical strength properties of ceramic tile waste (CTW) concrete, including its compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, and utilized a water absorption test to assess its durability and performance. This research used a mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with a constant water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.45, and a water-reducing superplasticizer named Conplast SP337 was used. For the mechanical and durability tests, a total of seventy-two (72) concrete cylinders of 100 mm × 200 mm were cast, cured, and tested at 7, and 28 days. Mechanical strength results revealed a significant increase of around 16.71% for 50% CTW concrete mixtures at the place of brick aggregates, and the water absorption performance improved with the incorporation of CTW in concrete mixes.
MENGANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SISWA KELAS TINGGI SDK WATUMITE MELALUI PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN ASESMEN KOMPETENSI MINIMUM (AKM) KELAS
Authors: Bha Maria Katharina , Dopo Ferdinandus Bate
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kemampuan literasi siswa yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan akm di kelas tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan literasi siswa kelas V SDK Watumite dalam kegiatan pelaksanaan Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kemampuan literasi melalui Pelaksanaan asesmen kompetensi minimum Kelas tinggi di SDK Watumite Sudah tergolong baik. Peserta didik kelas tinggi sangat antusias dan senang dengan kegiatan 15 menit membaca sebelum pembelajaran dimulai. Hasil positif dari kegiatan ini adalah melalui kegiatan pelaksanaan AKM kelas, peserta didik mampu dalam meningkatkan kualitas membaca, memahami dan menambah kosakata baru khususnya dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
PENDAMPINGAN KEGIATAN BELAJAR ANAK DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN MEDIA STIK ANGKA DARI BAHAN ALAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI PAUT TERPADU CITRA BAKTI
Authors: Nou Krensensiana Nou , Yona Maria Dela , Beru Valensia Ota , Ngura Elisabeth Tantiana
Published: February 2024

Abstrak

Mengenal lambang bilangan 1-10 pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Pembelajaran ini bertujuan untuk menumbuh kembang kognitif mengidentifikasi simbol angka 1-10 pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Manfaat dari media stick angka dalam pembelajaran ;  memberikan pedoman bagi guru untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran sehingga dapat menjelaskan materi pembelajaran dengan urutan yang sistematis dan membantu dalam menyajikan materi yang menarik untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan mengenal angka setelah pembelajaran melalui media stik angka. Hasil observasi pada pra tindakan menunjukan bahwa tidak ada anak yang berkriteria berkembang sesuai harapan atau mendapatkan presentase 75% setelah adanya tindakan siklus II kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan yang berkriteria berkembang sangat baik meningkat menjadi 81%.

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Pendampingan kegiatan belajar, stik angka,  kognitif AUD
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBELAJARAN PENJAS PADA MATERI PERMAINAN SEPAK BOLA DI SMA CITRA BAKTI
Authors: Bali Yohanes  Fromantinus , Bile Robertus Lili , Sada Apolonia , Ngedo Angelina Merici , Lele Yonatan Yasintus
Published: February 2024

Pendampingan ini dilakukan oleh mahasiswa PJKR kepada siswa SMA Citra Bakti yang kemampuan belajar teknik dasar permainan sepak bola masih rendah disebabkan oleh kurangnya latihan teknik dasar permainan sepak bola. Oleh karena itu, tujuan pendampingan ini  untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan teknik dasar permianan sepak bola dan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap pembelajaran penjas pada materi sepak bola di sekolah menengah atas Citra Bakti. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan bimbingan belajar yaitu metode Praktek langsung di lapangan dengan materi pokok teknik dasar permainan sepak bola dengan prosedur latihan adalah, pemanasan, kegiatan inti dan pendinginan. Dengan adanya kegiatan bimbingan belajar ini dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa terhadap pembelajaran penjas pada materi Permainan sepak bola. Hal ini dilihat dari kemampuan respon siswa dalam proses kegiatan pendampingan berlangsung.
Situação da economia circular a partir do Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico no Brasil
Authors: Silva Dafne Fernanda Alves e , Silva Elisa Inácio da , Silveira Louise da , Anício Sabrina de Oliveira , Branco Filho Thelmo de Carvalho Teixeira
Published: February 2024

O artigo discute a necessidade de repensar um sistema econômico mais sustentável em decorrência da crescente pressão sobre os recursos naturais e as crises ambientais e climáticas, destacando a importância da economia circular na discussão ambiental e do saneamento básico. O texto também aborda as normas internacionais voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável, tais como a Agenda 2030 e o Pacto de Paris, que têm como objetivo atenuar a crise ambiental.
Transposição e revitalização do São Francisco: memória de uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Castro César Nunes de
Published: February 2024

A população do semiárido brasileiro sofre, há séculos, com o fenômeno das estiagens que periodicamente afligem a região. Ao longo do tempo, o poder público avaliou a implementação de medidas diversas para mitigar os efeitos da seca sobre essa localidade. Uma das alternativas consideradas foi a transposição do São Francisco. O Programa de Integração do São Francisco (Pisf), denominação oficial da transposição, maior obra de infraestrutura hídrica do país, teve início em 2007. Com isso, começou a ser desenvolvida uma linha de pesquisa sobre o projeto, suas consequências, suas alternativas, bem como uma série de assuntos correlatos, a partir de 2009, no âmbito da Dirur/Ipea. Com o tempo, essa linha de pesquisa foi ampliada e incorporou o programa de revitalização. Esse abrangente projeto de estudo tem, desde 2009, oferecido produtos de pesquisa sobre o tema e continua, até os dias atuais, ativo. Nesse sentido, este artigo apresenta um resumo sobre a linha de pesquisa da transposição e revitalização do São Francisco iniciada em 2009. Em relação à transposição, com a entrada em operação plena do empreendimento, espera-se que, nos próximos anos, comecem a surgir evidências que permitam novas avaliações sobre os resultados e impactos do Pisf na sociedade e na economia da região beneficiada. Em breve, será oportuno pesquisar, sob diferentes prismas, a transposição e seu entorno.
Color-Dressed Generalized Biadjoint Scalar Amplitudes: Local Planarity
Authors:   Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada, Cachazo Freddy , Early Nick ,   Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Germany, Zhang Yong ,   Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada
Published: February 2024

The biadjoint scalar theory has cubic interactions and fields transforming in the biadjoint representation of ${\rm SU}(N)\times {\rm SU}\big({\tilde N}\big)$. Amplitudes are ''color'' decomposed in terms of partial amplitudes computed using Feynman diagrams which are simultaneously planar with respect to two orderings. In 2019, a generalization of biadjoint scalar amplitudes based on generalized Feynman diagrams (GFDs) was introduced. GFDs are collections of Feynman diagrams derived by incorporating an additional constraint of ''local planarity'' into the construction of the arrangements of metric trees in combinatorics. In this work, we propose a natural generalization of color orderings which leads to color-dressed amplitudes. A generalized color ordering (GCO) is defined as a collection of standard color orderings that is induced, in a precise sense, from an arrangement of projective lines on $\mathbb{RP}^2$. We present results for $n\leq 9$ generalized color orderings and GFDs, uncovering new phenomena in each case. We discover generalized decoupling identities and propose a definition of the ''colorless'' generalized scalar amplitude. We also propose a notion of GCOs for arbitrary $\mathbb{RP}^{k-1}$, discuss some of their properties, and comment on their GFDs. In a companion paper, we explore the definition of partial amplitudes using CEGM integral formulas.
“Beads-on-a-string” Star Formation Tied to One of the Most Powerful Active Galactic Nucleus Outbursts Observed in a Cool-core Galaxy Cluster
Authors: Omoruyi Osase , Tremblay Grant R. , Combes Francoise , Davis Timothy A. , Gladders Michael D. , Vikhlinin Alexey , Nulsen Paul , Kharb Preeti , Baum Stefi A. , O’Dea Christopher P. , Sharon Keren , Terrazas Bryan A. , Nevin Rebecca , Schechter Aimee L. , Zuhone John A. , McDonald Michael , Dahle Hakon , Bayliss Matthew B. , Connor Thomas , Florian Michael , Rigby Jane R. , Vaddi Sravani
Published: February 2024

With two central galaxies engaged in a major merger and a remarkable chain of 19 young stellar superclusters wound around them in projection, the galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414 (z = 0.335) offers an excellent laboratory to study the interplay between mergers, active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and star formation. New Chandra X-ray imaging reveals rapidly cooling hot (T ∼ 106 K) intracluster gas, with two “wings” forming a concave density discontinuity near the edge of the cool core. LOFAR 144 MHz observations uncover diffuse radio emission strikingly aligned with the “wings,” suggesting that the “wings” are actually the opening to a giant X-ray supercavity. The steep radio emission is likely an ancient relic of one of the most energetic AGN outbursts observed, with 4pV > 1061 erg. To the north of the supercavity, GMOS detects warm (T ∼ 104 K) ionized gas that enshrouds the stellar superclusters but is redshifted up to +800 km s−1 with respect to the southern central galaxy. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array detects a similarly redshifted ∼1010
M
⊙ reservoir of cold (T ∼ 102 K) molecular gas, but it is offset from the young stars by ∼1–3 kpc. We propose that the multiphase gas originated from low-entropy gas entrained by the X-ray supercavity, attribute the offset between the young stars and the molecular gas to turbulent intracluster gas motions, and suggest that tidal interactions stimulated the “beads-on-a-string” star formation morphology.
Two-moment Neutrino Flavor Transformation with Applications to the Fast Flavor Instability in Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Grohs Evan , Richers Sherwood , Couch Sean M. , Foucart Francois , Froustey Julien , Kneller James P. , McLaughlin Gail C.
Published: February 2024

Multi-messenger astrophysics has produced a wealth of data with much more to come in the future. This enormous data set will reveal new insights into the physics of core-collapse supernovae, neutron star mergers, and many other objects where it is actually possible, if not probable, that new physics is in operation. To tease out different possibilities, we will need to analyze signals from photons, neutrinos, gravitational waves, and chemical elements. This task is made all the more difficult when it is necessary to evolve the neutrino component of the radiation field and associated quantum-mechanical property of flavor in order to model the astrophysical system of interest—a numerical challenge that has not been addressed to this day. In this work, we take a step in this direction by adopting the technique of angular-integrated moments with a truncated tower of dynamical equations and a closure, convolving the flavor-transformation with spatial transport to evolve the neutrino radiation quantum field. We show that moments capture the dynamical features of fast flavor instabilities in a variety of systems, although our technique is by no means a universal blueprint for solving fast flavor transformation. To evaluate the effectiveness of our moment results, we compare to a more precise particle-in-cell method. Based on our results, we propose areas for improvement and application to complementary techniques in the future.
Enhanced Subkiloparsec-scale Star Formation: Results from a JWST Size Analysis of 341 Galaxies at 5 < z < 14
Authors: Morishita Takahiro , Stiavelli Massimo , Chary Ranga-Ram , Trenti Michele , Bergamini Pietro , Chiaberge Marco , Leethochawalit Nicha , Roberts-Borsani Guido , Shen Xuejian , Treu Tommaso
Published: February 2024

We present a comprehensive search and analysis of high-redshift galaxies in a suite of nine public JWST extragalactic fields taken in Cycle 1, covering a total effective search area of

∼
358

arcmin

2

. Through conservative (8σ) photometric selection, we identify 341 galaxies at 5 < z < 14, with 109 having spectroscopic redshift measurements from the literature, including recent JWST NIRSpec observations. Our regression analysis reveals that the rest-frame UV size–stellar mass relation follows

R

eff

∝

M

*

0.19
±
0.03

, similar to that of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3, but scaled down in size by ∼0.7 dex. We find a much slower rate for the average size evolution over the redshift range, R
eff ∝ (1 + z)−0.4±0.2, than that derived in the literature. A fraction (∼13%) of our sample galaxies are marginally resolved even in the NIRCam imaging (≲100 pc), located at ≳1.5σ below the derived size–mass slope. These compact sources exhibit a high star formation surface density ΣSFR > 10 M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2, a range in which only <0.01% of the local star-forming galaxy sample is found. For those with available NIRSpec data, no evidence of ongoing supermassive black hole accretion is observed. A potential explanation for the observed high [O iii]-to-Hβ ratios could be high shock velocities, likely originating within intense star-forming regions characterized by high ΣSFR. Lastly, we find that the rest-frame UV and optical sizes of our sample are comparable. Our results are consistent with these early galaxies building up their structures inside out and being yet to exhibit the strong color gradient seen at lower redshift.
Relativistic Jet Motion in the Radio-quiet LINER Galaxy KISSR 872
Authors: Kharb Preeti , Blackman Eric G. , Clausen-Brown Eric , Das Mousumi , Schwartz Daniel A. , Siemiginowska Aneta , Subramanian Smitha , Vaddi Sravani
Published: February 2024

We report superluminal jet motion with an apparent speed of β
app = 1.65 ± 0.57 in the radio-quiet (RQ) low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxy KISSR 872. This result comes from two-epoch phase-referenced very long baseline interferometry observations at 5 GHz. The detection of bulk relativistic motion in the jet of this extremely radio-faint active galactic nucleus (AGN), with a total 1.4 GHz flux density of 5 mJy in the 5.″4 resolution Very Large Array FIRST survey image and 1.5 mJy in the ∼5 mas resolution Very Long Baseline Array image, is the first of its kind in an RQ LINER galaxy. The presence of relativistic jets in lower accretion rate objects like KISSR 872, with an Eddington ratio of 0.04, reveals that even RQ AGN can harbor relativistic jets and provides evidence of their universality over a wide range of accretion powers.
The Measurement of Masses of OB-type Stars from LAMOST DR5
Authors: Huo Zhenyan , Liu Zhicun , Cui Wenyuan , Liu Chao , Liu Jiaming , Sun Mingxu , Feng Shuai , Li Linlin
Published: February 2024

The measurements of masses and luminosities of massive stars play an important role in understanding the formation and evolution of their host galaxies. In this work, we present the measurement of masses and luminosities of 2946 OB-type stars, including 78 O-type stars and 2868 B-type stars, based on their stellar parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity) and the Padova and Trieste Stellar Evolution Code isochrones model. Our results show that the median mass and luminosity of the 2946 OB-type stars are 5.4 M
⊙ and log(L/L
⊙) = 3.2 with median relative errors of 21.4% and 71.1%, respectively. A good agreement between our results estimated by using our method and those derived by using the orbital motions of binary stars from the literature is found for some B-type stars. In addition, we also fit the mass–luminosity relation of B-type stars by using our derived mass and the luminosity from Gaia Data Release 3.
A Comptonized Fireball Bubble Fits the Second Extragalactic Magnetar Giant Flare GRB 231115A
Authors: Yin Yi-Han Iris , Zhang Zhao Joseph , Yang Jun , Chen Run-Chao , Rehman Umer , Bahal Varun , Zhang Bin-Bin
Published: February 2024

Magnetar giant flares (MGFs), originating from noncatastrophic magnetars, share noteworthy similarities with some short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, understanding their detailed origin and radiation mechanisms remains challenging due to limited observations. The discovery of MGF GRB 231115A, the second extragalactic MGF located in the Cigar galaxy at a luminosity distance of ∼3.5 Mpc, offers yet another significant opportunity for gaining insights into the aforementioned topics. This Letter explores its temporal properties and conducts a comprehensive analysis of both the time-integrated and time-resolved spectra through empirical and physical model fitting. Our results reveal certain properties of GRB 231115A that bear resemblances to GRB 200415A. We employ a Comptonized fireball bubble model, in which the Compton cloud, formed by the magnetar wind with high density e
±, undergoes Compton scattering and inverse Compton scattering, resulting in reshaped thermal spectra from the expanding fireball at the photosphere radius. This leads to dynamic shifts in dominant emission features over time. Our model successfully fits the observed data, providing a constrained physical picture, such as a trapped fireball with a radius of ∼1.95 × 105 cm and a high local magnetic field of 2.5 × 1016 G. The derived peak energy and isotropic energy of the event further confirm the burst’s MGF origin and its contribution to the MGF-GRB sample. We also discuss prospects for further gravitational wave detection associated with MGFs, given their high-event-rate density (∼8 × 105 Gpc−3 yr−1) and ultrahigh local magnetic field.
Sensitivity Testing of Stereophotoclinometry for the OSIRIS-REx Mission. I. The Accuracy and Errors of Digital Terrain Modeling
Authors: Palmer Eric E. , Weirich John R. , Gaskell Robert W. , Lambert Diane , Campbell Tanner , Drozd Kris , Barnouin Olivier S. , Daly Michael G. , Getzandanner Kenneth , Kidd John N. , Adam Coralie D. , Lauretta Dante S.
Published: February 2024

Stereophotoclinometry (SPC) was the prime method of shape modeling for NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid Bennu. Here we describe the extensive testing conducted before launch to certify SPC as NASA Class B flight software, which not only validated SPC for operational use but also quantified the accuracy of this technique. We used a computer-generated digital terrain model (DTM) of a synthetic asteroid as the truth input to render simulated truth images per the planned OSIRIS-REx observing campaign. The truth images were then used as input to SPC to create testing DTMs. Imaging sets, observational parameters, and processing techniques were varied to evaluate their effects on SPC's performance and their relative importance for the quality of the resulting DTMs. We show that the errors in accuracy for SPC models are of the order of the source images’ smallest pixel sizes and that a DTM can be created at any scale, provided there is sufficient imagery at that scale. Uncertainty in the spacecraft’s flight path has minimal impact on the accuracy of SPC models. Subtraction between two DTMs (truth and simulated) is an effective approach for measuring error but has limitations. Comparing the simulated truth images with images rendered from the SPC-derived DTMs provides an excellent metric for DTM quality at smaller scales and can also be applied in flight by using real images of the target. SPC has limitations near steep slopes (e.g., the sides of boulders), leading to height errors of more than 30%. This assessment of the accuracy and sensitivity of SPC provides confidence in this technique and lessons that can be applied to future missions.
Visualizing Portable Executable Headers for Ransomware Detection: A Deep Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Dam Tien Quang , Nguyen Nghia Thinh , Le Trung Viet , Le Tran Duc , Uwizeyemungu Sylvestre , Le-Dinh Thang
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the rapid evolution of ransomware has led to the development of numerous techniques designed to evade traditional malware detection methods. To address this issue, a novel approach is proposed in this study, leveraging machine learning to encode critical information from Portable Executable (PE) headers into visual representations of ransomware samples. The proposed method selects highly impactful features for data sample classification and encodes them as images based on predefined color rules. A deep learning model named peIRCECon (PE Header-Image-based Ransomware Classification Ensemble with Concatenating) is also developed by integrating prominent architectures, such as VGG16 and ResNet50, and incorporating the concatenating method to enhance ransomware detection and classification performance. Experimental results using self-collected datasets demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, achieving high accuracy of 99.85% in distinguishing between ransomware and benign samples. This promising approach holds the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of ransomware detection and classification, thereby contributing to more robust cybersecurity defense systems. 
Outcomes of control and monitoring of a widespread riparian invader (Tamarix spp.): a comparison of synthesis approaches
Authors: Goetz Alexander R. B. , González-Sargas Eduardo , Vidal Mayra C. , Shafroth Patrick B. , Henry Annie L. , Sher Anna A.
Published: February 2024

Effective ecological restoration requires empirical assessment to determine outcomes of projects, but conclusions regarding the effects of restoration treatments on the whole ecosystem remain rare. Control of invasive shrubs and trees in the genus Tamarix and associated riparian restoration in the American Southwest has been of interest to scientists and resource managers for decades; dozens of studies have reported highly variable outcomes of Tamarix control efforts, as measured by a range of response variables, temporal and spatial scales and monitoring strategies. We conducted a literature search and review, meta-analysis and vote count (comparison of numerical outcomes lacking reported variances and/or sample sizes) on published papers that quantitatively measured a variety of responses to control of Tamarix. From 96 publications obtained through a global search on terms related to Tamarix control, we found 52 publications suitable for a meta-analysis (n = 777 comparisons) and 63 publications suitable for two vote counts (n = 1,460 comparisons total; 622 comparisons reported as statistically significant) of response to Tamarix control. We estimated responses to control by treatment type (e.g. cut-stump treatment, burning, biocontrol) and ecosystem component (e.g. vegetation, fauna, fluvial processes). Finally, we compared results of the various synthesis methods to determine whether the increasingly stringent requirements for inclusion led to biased outcomes. Vegetation metrics, especially measures of Tamarix response, were the most commonly assessed. Ecosystem components other than vegetation, such as fauna, soils and hydrogeomorphic dynamics, were under-represented. The meta-analysis showed significantly positive responses by vegetation overall to biocontrol, herbicide and cut-stump treatments. This was primarily due to reduction of Tamarix cover; impacts on replacement vegetation were highly variable. We found concordance amongst our varied synthesis approaches, indicating that increased granularity from stricter quantitative techniques does not come at the cost of a biased sample. Overall, our results indicate that common control methods are generally effective for reducing Tamarix, but the indirect effects on other aspects of the ecosystem are variable and remain understudied. Given that this is a relatively well-studied invasive plant species, our results also illustrate the limitations of not only individual studies, but also of reviews for measuring the impact of invasive species control. We call on researchers to investigate the less commonly studied responses to Tamarix control and riparian restoration including the effects on fauna, soil and hydrogeomorphic characteristics.
New stenurothripid thrips from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (Thysanoptera, Stenurothripidae)
Authors: Guo Dawei , Engel Michael S. , Shih Chungkun , Ren Dong
Published: February 2024

Hitherto, only two species of the thysanopteran suborder Terebrantia have been reported from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (Myanmar). This is here expanded through the discovery of two new genera and species, described and figured as Parallelothrips separatusgen. et sp. nov. and Didymothrips abdominalisgen. et sp. nov., both of the family Stenurothripidae. Both taxa have key apomorphies of the Stenurothripidae, allowing for a confident assignment as to family. Both species have characteristic comb-like anteromarginal setae, which are discussed along with structural differences between the two sexes. Cycad pollen was found on the thrips’ bodies, providing further evidence that Thysanoptera were pollinators of gymnosperms during the mid-Cretaceous.
Addition of chitosan to calcium-alginate membranes for seawater NaCl adsorption
Authors: Wijaya Anugrah Ricky , Syah Alif Alfarisyi , Hana Dhea Chelsea , Putra Helwani Fuadi Sujoko
Published: February 2024

Initial research was focused on the production of calcium-based alginate-chitosan membranes from coral skeletons collected from the Gulf of Prigi. The coral skeleton's composition was analyzed using XRF, revealing a calcium oxide content ranging from 90.86% to 93.41%. These membranes showed the significant potential for salt adsorption, as evidenced by FTIR analysis, which showed the presence of functional groups such as -OH, C = O, C-O, and N-H involved in the NaCl binding process. SEM analysis showed the particle size diameter of 185.96 nm, indicating a relatively rough and porous morphology. Under optimized conditions, the resulting calcium-based alginate-chitosan membrane achieved 40.5% Na+ and 48.39% Cl- adsorptions, using 13.3 mL of 2% (w/v) chitosan and 26.6 mL of 2% (w/v) alginate with a 40-minutes contact time. The subsequent we applied for the desalination potential of calcium alginate, revealing the efficient reduction of NaCl levels in seawater. The calcium of coral skeletons collected was 90.86% and 93.41% before and after calcination, respectively, affirming the dominant calcium composition suitable for calcium alginate production. We identified an optimal 8-minute contact time for calcium alginate to effectively absorb NaCl, resulting in an 88.17% and 50% for Na+ and Cl- absorptions. We applied the addition of chitosan into calcium-alginate membranes and its impact on enhancing salt adsorption efficiency for seawater desalination.
Construction and Application of an Interactive Teaching Platform for Aesthetic Education in Ecological Environments
Authors: Tan Changliang , Dabbagh Nada
Published: February 2024

Kruskal algorithm, as a minimum spanning tree optimization analysis algorithm, has been well used in the field of industrial production to find the optimal parameters. In this study, an interactive teaching platform based on Kruskal algorithm is built based on the ecological aesthetic education theory. Secondly, based on multiple internet of things systems, through the analysis of the problems existing in traditional classroom teaching, combined with the characteristics of ecological aesthetic education, the interactive platform can automatically generate more efficient teaching courses and related methods. Finally, this study verifies the reliability and stability of the above platform through experiments and practices. The experimental results show that the application of the theory and method of ecological aesthetic education in the interactive teaching platform based on Kruskal algorithm achieves the combination of traditional classroom teaching and ecological aesthetic education and gives full play to the main role of students in the classroom.
Multiscale Imaging in Understanding Pore Structure and Alignment of Seal Rock for Long Term CO2 Containment
Authors: Sazali W. M. L. , Buckman J. , Ma J. , Leite R. J. , Plumper O. , Busch A.
Published: February 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) provides a viable option to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. In CCS, CO2 is planned to be safely stored in suitable subsurface formations, providing sufficient storage capacity and sealing integrity. Analysing caprock properties like porosity and permeability is important in ensuring long-term CO2 containment. Caprocks are mainly composed of mudrocks that are characterised by nanometre to micron scale structures (pores and particles). A combination of medical and micro-CT scanning, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Focused-Ion-Beam (FIB), and Broad-Ion-Beam (BIB) are available to produce high-resolution 3D and 2D images. These can help to determine porosity down to a nanometre resolution. They can however also be used in pore network modelling which allows the computation of flow properties. In this study, core samples were CT scanned to determine the presence of fractures. This was followed by micro-CT and SEM scanning for higher-resolution images of the larger pores. To improve understanding of the porosity and permeability of the mudrocks analysed, samples were milled by BIB and imaged by SEM producing high-resolution 2D images (up to 5 nm) and allowing for detailed microstructural analysis at a scale of 2 mm2. We then identified different areas representing sample heterogeneity in terms of pore structure and permeability. These areas were then analysed using FIB-SEM with resolution down to 10 nm to obtain 3D models. Image analysis was done to identify the pore structure and alignment with the principal stress directions. The total porosity (within the resolution of the measurements) has been integrated with other experimental measurements and will become important parameters in the correlation of data determined on drill cuttings with core data and well logs. We hypothesize that upscaling from cuttings and core samples to well scale is feasible if an improved understanding of sample heterogeneity, method limitation, and the integration of experimental data with pore scale and pore network modelling is achieved. This will support de-risking of CO2 leakage across low permeability sealing formations.
First Application of LWD NMR and Quadrupole Sonic Measurements Derived Formation Evaluation in a Carbonate Reservoir in Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Jia Chang Qing , Wang Yue , Zhang Jun Liang , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Jing , Zhao Zuo An , Wu Jin Long , Zhao Xian Ran , Li Kai Xuan , Zhang Hong Liang , Liu Yan Mei , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2024

Natural gas production in the Sichuan Basin has been increasing in recent years with double-digit growth. Exploration and development of complex carbonate reservoirs ensures production growth. A major challenge is that the target Triassic Feixianguan Formation is characterized by extremely high sulfur. Use of radioactive source measurements such as density and neutron, are prohibited, for the sake of safety, giving rise to uncertainty in the interpretation of lithology and porosity. It is necessary to introduce source-less measurements as substitutions for the formation evaluation.

This paper discusses a novel application of logging-while-drilling (LWD) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and quadrupole sonic measurements for formation evaluation of this carbonate reservoir. The LWD NMR offers simultaneous measurement of T1 and T2, and the joint inversion of T1-T2 data provides real-time answers of the porosity, permeability, and pore structure of the reservoir. The LWD quadrupole sonic tool not only acquires formation compressional, shear, and Stoneley slowness, but also provides unique insight into high angle fracture identification. The integration of NMR and sonic measurements reveals the potential of the carbonate reservoir in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation.

A case study is presented from a carbonate reservoir of Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the PetroChina SouthWest Oil and Gas Company. The lithologies of Feixianguan Formation are composed of dolomite and calcite. Mineralogy is successfully estimated by integration of NMR porosity and formation compressional slowness. The NM-derived effective porosity of the dolomite reservoir ranges from 2-20%, and the permeability ranges from 0.01-1000 mD. The well is drilled using oil-based mud, so the NMR free fluid T2 cutoff could be higher than the default 100 ms. Factor analysis based on the NMR T2 data indicates the free fluid T2 cutoff to be 210 ms in the dolomite reservoir. The pore structure of the dolomite reservoir is dominated by macro pores. The integration of NMR free fluid volume, crossover of compressional and shear slowness, and fracture analysis based on Stoneley data proves effective and robust in potential zone identification.

This paper discusses integration of LWD NMR T1-T2 logging and quadrupole sonic measurements in the carbonate formation evaluation. It helps operator to understand the potential of the reservoirs. The gas production of the well that adopts the technology breaks the gas field production record. The workflow can also be applied to other high-sulfur reservoirs in China.
Research and Practice on Bottom Water Breakthrough Governance Strategy of Heavy Oil Reservoir Based on Heat-Gas-Agent Synergistic Huff and Puff
Authors: Liu Dong , Liao Hui , Zheng Wenqian , Wu Tingting , Tian Cong
Published: February 2024

Bohai is rich in heavy oil reservoirs with edge and bottom water. The existence of bottom water will lead to rapid water cut increase and worsen thermal recovery performance, so it is long-term undeveloped. And this poses a great challenge to the thermal recovery, of which it is also a worldwide industry problem. Therefore, it's of great significance to take effective control measures in time and realize the efficient development of bottom water heavy oil reservoirs.

The research shows that thermal chemical technology can better improve thermal recovery. Combined with experimental and numerical simulation research, this paper has carried out some very significant explorations. Firstly, the experiments of different chemical composite thermal media were carried out and the enhanced-effect mechanism was clarified, that is viscosity reducer reducing viscosity, gas dissolved& reducing viscosity, gel and foam's plugging effect, surfactant reducing oil-water interfacial tension. Meanwhile, through numerical simulation the thermal and chemical mechanism was characterized by relative permeability interpolation method with experimental results taking into account.

The above research shows that it is feasible to control water channeling in bottom water heavy oil reservoirs by thermal composite huff and puff technology, which strengthens confidence of thermal recovery and development of offshore bottom water heavy oil reservoirs, and also opens a new way for the development of offshore bottom water heavy oil reservoirs. Firstly, hot water or steam can reduce the viscosity of crude oil, and viscosity reducer can further reduce viscosity. Gel and foam can block bottom water channeling and improve thermal efficiency. At the same time, the surfactant can reduce oil-water interfacial tension and reduce crude oil viscosity through emulsification effect. Secondly, the thermal-gas-agent characterization method finely characterizes the synergistic mechanism of each component, which lays a foundation for the development and implementation of composite huff and puff plan. Thirdly, through the combination of hot water and heat-resistant foam plugging, obvious effect of precipitation and oil increase was achieved in two horizontal wells of LD2 bottom heavy oilfield. After the measures, the daily oil rate increase from 10 m3 to 40 ~ 70 m3, the water cut reduced from 74% ~ 92% to 1% ~ 10%.

LD2 is the first bottom water heavy oil oilfield developed by thermal recovery. The successful pilot test of hot water chemical combined huff and puff in two horizontal wells of LD2 oilfield has opened a new development mode and strengthened the confidence of developing offshore bottom water heavy oil. Therefore, 18 new horizontal thermal wells are designed, expecting to increase recoverable reserves of 327 million tons, which is of great significance for offshore thermal development.