bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Cryptorchidism in Live Births in Brazil: A 20-Year Analysis
Authors: Bessa Dantas Diego , da Costa Dionata , Andrade Edila , Bastos Maria do Socorro , Gomes Fabiana , de Melo-Neto João Simão
Published: February 2021

Background

Cryptorchidism is a congenital disorder that causes an irregularity in the permanent or temporary descent of one or both testicles. In Brazil, there are no comprehensive studies describing the association of demographic, social, and clinical characteristics in relation to cryptorchidism.

Objectives

This study aims to verify possible associations of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with cryptorchidism.

Design and methods

An analytical, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out based on secondary data of 5,168 live births with cryptorchidism recorded in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), Brazil from 1999 to 2018. The socio-demographic factors analyzed were the geographic region, age, education and marital status of the mothers. The clinical factors analyzed were the duration and type of pregnancy. The place of birth was also analyzed as a secondary outcome.

Results

This research analyzed all live births during the study period, in Brazil. The chance of cryptorchidism in the neonate is more common in women who become pregnant later (≥30 years of age) and with a higher level of education (≥8 years). The risk of cryptorchidism in relation to the federation units is higher in Paraiba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Sao Paulo, and Santa Catarina. Regarding the clinical characteristics, the shorter pregnancies, which characterize premature births, are a risk for the appearance of cryptorchidism in the country.

Conclusion

Thus, in this study, we found that sociodemographic and clinical factors have specific characteristics that predict cryptorchidism in newborns in Brazil.
Development and Psychometric Properties of the General Public's Attitudes toward Advance Care Directives Scale in Portugal
Authors: Laranjeira Carlos , Dixe Maria dos Anjos , Gueifão Luís , Caetano Lina , Passadouro Rui , Gabriel Tiago , Querido Ana
Published: February 2021

Background

To date, no instrument in Portugal has evaluated the attitudes of the population about advance care directives. This paper describes the development and testing of the General Public's Attitudes Toward Advance Care Directives (GPATACD) Scale.

Design and methods

Methodological study. The development of the instrument was based on a literature review, updated in 2018. Face and content validity were verified by an expert panel and piloted among six participants. Data were collected in an online survey of 1024 Portuguese adults. The obtained data were analyzed using Varimax rotation, while the reliability was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The scale achieves good Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) values, between 0.89 and 1.00, and scale-CVI values of 0.91. A principal component analysis generated four dimensions with 26 items as a final scale, with overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.848.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate that the scale is valid and reliable as a vehicle for assessment of the general public's attitudes toward advance care directives.
Muscle Activation in Specific Regions of the Trapezius During Modified Kendall Manual Muscle Tests
Authors: Henderson Zachariah J. , Bohunicky Sarah , Rochon Josee , Dacanay Mark , Scribbans Trisha D.
Published: February 2021

Context

Manual muscle tests (MMTs) are often used when assessing shoulder injuries. For the trapezius, individual MMTs are used to selectively test the upper trapezius region (UTR), middle trapezius region (MTR), and lower trapezius region (LTR). The MMTs for each region are assumed to preferentially recruit the corresponding muscle fibers and produce a maximal contraction; however, whether this is true is unknown.

Objective

To determine if maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) for the upper trapezius (UT-MVIC), middle trapezius (MT-MVIC), and lower trapezius (LT-MVIC), adapted from the Kendall MMTs, recruited the corresponding trapezius regions.

Design

Crossover study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of young, healthy individuals (10 men, 9 women, 1 not listed; age = 23.9 ± 1.7 years, height = 171.4 ± 9.6 cm, mass = 75.7 ± 11.6 kg).

Intervention(s)

Participants performed 3 repetitions of each MVIC. High-density surface electromyography measurements were collected from the UTR, MTR, and LTR.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Root mean square (excitation) of the UTR, MTR, and LTR.

Results

We observed an increase in UTR excitation during the LT-MVIC compared with the UT-MVIC (P = .016) and MT-MVIC (P < .001). The MTR excitation increased during the MT-MVIC (P = .001) and the LT-MVIC (P < .001) compared with the UT-MVIC. We also noted an increase in MTR excitation during the LT-MVIC compared with the MT-MVIC (P < .001). The LTR excitation increased during the MT-MVIC and LT-MVIC (P values < .001) compared with the UT-MVIC.

Conclusions

The UT-MVIC and MT-MVIC did not necessarily recruit the corresponding trapezius regions more than the other MVICs did. Rather, the LT-MVIC appeared to produce the greatest excitation of all trapezius regions. Additional research is needed; however, clinicians should be aware that maximal contractions may not always recruit the desired muscle region.
Normative Measures of Hip Strength and Relation to Previous Injury in Collegiate Cross-Country Runners
Authors: Vannatta Charles N. , Kernozek Thomas W.
Published: February 2021

Context

Running-related injury occurs frequently in collegiate cross-country runners. Hip strength is one factor that may be important in the rehabilitation and training of cross-country runners. However, no normative values exist to inform these strategies.

Objective

To establish normative values for hip-abduction and external-rotation isometric strength in collegiate cross-country runners and explore the association between strength and previous injury.

Design

Mixed methods using descriptive epidemiology and retrospective cross-sectional designs.

Setting

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Eighty-two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III cross-country runners (38 males, 44 females).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Isometric hip strength and reported injury.

Results

Males demonstrated greater absolute hip strength than females. Measures of hip strength were not different between sexes when normalized to height and mass. Hip-abduction asymmetry was associated with a previous injury in males. A combination of at least 1 leg with hip-abduction weakness and bilateral external-rotation weakness was associated with a previous injury in females.

Conclusions

Knowledge of normative values of hip strength may help inform rehabilitation strategies in collegiate cross-country runners. Males and females may demonstrate different strength profiles after running-related injury.
A Study of Correlates of Social Networking Site Addiction among the Undergraduate Health Professionals
Authors: Patel Vishal Kanaiyalal , Chaudhary Pradhyuman , Kumar Parveen , Vasavada Disha Alkeshbhai , Tiwari Deepak Sachidanand
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Social networking sites (SNSs) are popular, and there is a concern regarding its addiction among the young adults. The present study aimed to find the correlates of SNS addiction among the undergraduate health professionals.

Methods:

This was a 6-month, cross-sectional, and observational study of 730 undergraduate health professionals of government medical, dental, and physiotherapy colleges of Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling from the medical, dental, and physiotherapy government colleges. The Social Media Disorder Scale was used to detect the SNS addiction, the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) Scale was used to find the severity of FOMO, the Perceived Stress Scale was used to detect the severity of stress, and the Insomnia Severity Index was used to detect the severity of insomnia in health professionals. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multiple regression analysis were used for analysis of data.

Results:

The prevalence rate of SNS addiction was 15.02% among the undergraduate health professionals. Participants with addiction were using SNS widely (hostel, home, college, and leisure hours), spent more time and money on Internet, started SNS use before 5 years, and reported FOMO. They also reported moderate-to-severe stress and insomnia.

Conclusion:

SNS addiction is prevalent in undergraduate health professionals. High level of FOMO, perceived stress, and insomnia among the health professionals are important correlates with SNS addiction.
Leisure Activity Engagement as a Predictor for Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Marufkhani Valiollah , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Mirzadeh Monirsadat , Allen Kelly-Ann , Motalebi Seyedeh Ameneh
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Participation in leisure activities is greatly associated with the health and well-being of older adults. This study investigated the role of leisure activities in predicting the quality of life of community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:

In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 141 older adults were selected by cluster sampling method from public places. Data were collected through demographic characteristics, leisure time activities, and Lipad QoL questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed through face-to-face interviews. A regression model was used for data analysis.

Results:

The mean age of older adult participants was 70.36 years (standard deviation = 8.99; range: 60–100 years) and 63.8% were male. The results also showed a low level of leisure time engagement and high level of QoL among older adults. The results of the current study indicated that education level and leisure time activity engagement were associated with a better QoL.

Conclusion:

According to the results of this study, engagement in leisure activities is related to improvements in the QoL of community-dwelling older adults. It is recommended that policymakers and families plan for and implement leisure time activities for older adults.
Examining the Prevalence of Hypertension by Urban–Rural Stratification
Authors: Khan Md. Salauddin , Naznin Sabira , Halder Henry Ratul , Khan Umama , Hossain Md. Murad , Siddiquee Tanjim
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Nepal has one of the highest prevalences of hypertension in South Asia, which also causes other cardiovascular diseases. However, no studies investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension by urban-rural stratification.

Methods:

We used a machine learning, Boruta algorithm to select risk factors and a tenfold random forest classifier to evaluate their performance. Finally, multivariate logistic regression estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for knowledge generation.

Results:

The study included 7825 participants (urban: 4939; rural: 2886), where rural participants were slightly older (median: 37 years; interquartile range: 26–53) and females were more hypertensive (urban: n = 606, 34.5%; rural: n = 308, 31.2%). The prevalence of hypertension was 35.6% in urban and 34.1% in rural regions. The odds of hypertension increased in rural regions for advancing age, provinces (province 4 and 5), and ecological zones (hill and terai). Overweight and obese participants were more likely to have hypertension in both regions.

Conclusion:

The study recommends the rigorous improvement of public health programs in rural regions of province 4 and 5, concentrating on Dalit and Janajati older males from hill and terai ecological zones. Overweight and obese people from both regions also need special focus. Finally, policymakers and government officials have to tailor campaigns differently for robust implementation of the essential health-care package and multisectoral action plans to prevent and control hypertension.
An Overview of Learning Cycles in Science Inquiry-based Instruction
Authors: Nicol Christian , Gakuba Emmanuel , Habinshuti Gonzague
Published: February 2021

While a plethora of researchers have acknowledged the importance of learning cycles as a model of instruction in a constructivist supported enquiry science education, the rising number of learning cycle models however raises compelling questions about validity, hence the need for a comprehensive overview and analysis of the comparative strengths and weaknesses of these models. This paper examined among the very many, four major learning cycles; 3E, 5E, 7E and 9E, on the scales of knowledge construction, to provide adequate information for decision making regarding their preference and use. While the 3E provides the very basic framework for expansion, it missed addressing the learners’ initial dialogic engagement with teachers as well as summative evaluation of learning. Critical analysis informed the conclusion that there are three main goals common to the learning cycles under review namely; the development of conceptual understanding, process skills and critical thinking. A well-planned and implemented 5E model generally meets the inquiry-based constructivist learning goals, although it is silent on transfer of knowledge outside of the classroom. This transfer of knowledge, provided for in the 7E, is the major meaningful difference between 5E and 7E. The three new phases introduced in the 9E, Echo, Emend and E-search, were assessed to be redundant. After a thorough needs assessment of the phases of the learning cycles under review, a six-phase learning cycle is proposed comprising Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate and Extend.
epitopepredict: a tool for integrated MHC binding prediction
Authors: Farrell Damien
Published: February 2021

A key step in the cellular adaptive immune response is the presentation of antigens to T cells. Computational prediction of T cell epitopes has many applications in vaccine design and immuno-diagnostics. This is the basis of immunoinformatics, which allows in silico screening of peptides before experiments are performed. With the availability of whole genomes for many microbial species it is now feasible to computationally screen whole proteomes for candidate peptides. epitopepredict is a programmatic framework and command line tool designed to aid this process. It provides access to multiple binding prediction algorithms under a single interface and scales for whole genomes using multiple target MHC alleles. A web interface is provided to assist visualization and filtering of the results. The software is freely available under an open-source license from https://github.com/dmnfarrell/epitopepredict
La configuración lingüística del léxico del coleccionismo de figuras de acción de cómics
Authors: Jiménez Chumpitaz Héctor V. Josué
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo, se propone, en primer lugar, que los vocablos empleados por los coleccionistas de figuras de acción de cómics no se encuentran registrados en el Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE). Esto se confirma a partir de un análisis sobre la configuración de los procesos de formación lingüísticos, tanto semánticos como morfofonológicos y sociales. Por lo tanto, en segundo lugar, el objetivo principal es proponer un análisis lingüístico de estos términos y así demostrar que su léxico es
distinto de la propuesta lexicográfica. Para lograr este objetivo, se emplea una metodología acorde a la técnica lexicográfica: adquisición de lexemas registrados en fichas lexicográficas, observación del contexto y uso de los vocablos, y revisión de fuentes bibliográficas sobre teorías lingüísticas. Al final del artículo, se confirma que los vocablos presentan una configuración lingüística diferente y, por lo tanto, forman un léxico particular.
Hemorroides circunferenciales ¿cuál es la mejor opción?
Authors: Farina Pablo A. , Grinovero Fernando , Grandoli Marianela
Published: February 2021

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Partial or Total Replacement of Soybean Meal by Cottonseed Meal in Practical Diets for Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis): Effects on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Body Composition
Authors: Liqiao Chen , Sun Sheng-Ming , Li Er-Chao , Gao Lu-Jiao , Qin Jian-Guang , Sun Lu-Yu , Jiang Hai-Bo
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal in diets for the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were tested with five replicates of each treatment. Cottonseed meal replaced 33%, 66%, or 100% of the soybean meal in three diets, while lysine was added to another three containing the same amounts of cottonseed meal. The control contained neither cottonseed meal nor lysine. Protein digestibility decreased with the increase of dietary cottonseed mealand was significantly lower in the 100% treatment than in the control. Dry matter in the body of crabs fed the 33%, 66%, 100%, and 33%+lysine diets was significantly lower than that of the control. Whole body protein decreased as the cottonseed meal content increased, and was significantly lower in crabs fed the 100% diet than in control crabs. Crabs fed the control diet contained higher lipid than those fed other diets, while crabs fed diets containing lysine had significantly lower lipid than crabs fed the 33% diet. Crabs fed the 100%+lysine diet had a significantly higher ash content than those fed the 33% or 100% diets. In conclusion, this study indicates that 66% of soybean meal can be replaced by cottonseed meal in crab diets and 100% of soybean meal can be replaced by cottonseed meal when supplemented by lysine.
Effects of Different Iron Sources on the Growth and Iron Concentrations of Tissues, Organs, and Blood of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hong L. , L. Hengjian L , Feng H. , Fuchen W. , Hua W. , Xianquin H. , Lei L , Wei F
Published: February 2021

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects of different iron (Fe) sources on growth and Fe concentrations in the tissues, organs, and blood of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five experimental diets (45.0% crude protein, 3.7% crude lipid) with the same Fe concentration (100 mg/kg of feed) were formulated from different Fe sources: ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrous chloride (FeCl2), ferrous citrate (C6H5FeO7), and iron porphyrin (Fe-porphyrin). The results showed that the percent weight gain (%WG) of fish in the FeCl2 group was the greatest among all five groups (p < 0.05). With %WG as the main indicator, FeCl2 was the most suitable source of dietary Fe for O. niloticus．In the FeCl2 group, the content of Fe in the spleen was significantly greater than that in the C6H5FeO7 group on day 28, and that of the FeSO4 group on day 56. The Fe concentrations in the liver, spleen, gill, vertebra, blood, whole intestine, and dorsal white muscle of O. niloticus were not significantly affected by different dietary sources of Fe on day 70. There were only slight dynamic changes to the Fe content of tissues and organs during the experimental period. The Fe contents in different tissues and organs were as follows: spleen > mid-hind intestine > liver > gill, muscle, foregut > spine. The spleen had the highest Fe content in all groups on day 70. These results suggest that FeCl2 is the best source of dietary Fe for O. niloticus with %WG as the main indicator.
Effect of one-day training on Knowledge related to Biosafety and waste management among life-science Students
Authors: Keshan Pranav , Rastogi Aayushi , Aggarwal Sunita , Nigam Arti , Kapila Rachna , Syed Sabin
Published: February 2021

Context: Laboratory workers are at increased risk of occupational hazards especially microbial infections. These occupational hazards can be reduced by merely creating awareness related to Biosafety. Thus biosafety and waste management training is important and needs to be inculcated at novice stage. Aims: The present study aimed to assess the effect of one-day training program on knowledge related to biosafety and biohazard among life-science students. Settings and Design: The study was conducted through online medium, organized by Department of Microbiology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi using a Quasi Experimental design. Methods and Material: A one-day training on Biosafety and Waste Management was organized by Department of Microbiology for life-science students. A pre-test with 15 questions was administered to the participants before commencement of the training. One mark was allotted for each correct response and zero marks for incorrect marks. At the end of training, post knowledge was assessed using the same questions as pre-test. Statistical analysis used: The data on pre-post knowledge assessment was analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Paired t-test was used to assess the mean difference in pre and post knowledge assessment amongst the participants. The level of significance was taken as <0.05. Results: A total of 81 participants was analyzed for pre-post analysis. The mean age was 19.98 ± 1.06 years with 59(72.8%) being females. The mean pre-knowledge and post-knowledge score was found to be 10.20 ± 2.09 and 14.02 ± 1.63 respectively. The mean difference of 3.83 ± 2.23 in pre and post knowledge was found to be significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: Life-science students have poor-to-moderate knowledge about biosafety and waste management. Training on biosafety helps in improving knowledge.
Predictors of psychological well-being among high school teachers: A cross-sectional study from Southern India
Authors: Rajesh Chinthana , Ashok Lena , Rao Chythra R , Kamath Veena , Kamath Asha , Chandra Sekaran Varalakshmi
Published: February 2021

Background: Well-being is increasingly emerging as an important determinant of teacher effectiveness. Aim and objective: To assess the predictors of psychological well-being in Southern India. Settings and design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 high school teachers from government and private schools in Udupi district. Methods and materials: Ryff’s psychological well-being scale (1989) was used. Statistical analysis used: Predictors were identified using logistic regression and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant Results: Autonomy, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life and self-acceptance emerged as predictors of psychological well-being. Age predicted the subdomain of autonomy; number and age of children predicted environmental mastery; gender, monthly income and travelling time of teachers predicted the subdomain of self-acceptance among teachers. Conclusion: Teachers are an important resource whose psychological well-being has not received the attention it is due. An intervention program designed to fit their felt needs may be a step in the right direction.
Assessment of complications of open treatment of mandibular condylar fractures
Authors: Muhammad Adil Asim  , Waseem Ahmed  , Muhammad Wasim Ibrahim  , Syed Gulzar Ali Bukhari  , Muhammad Nazir Khan  , Admin
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the complications of open treatment of mandibular condylar fractures via various surgical approaches. Methods: The study was conducted at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Armed forces institute of dentistry, Rawalpindi. All adult patients with moderate to severely displaced mandibular condylar fractures were included in our study. Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures was performed by five consultant maxillofacial surgeons via four surgical approaches. Patients were assessed for complications of open treatment in terms of facial nerve paresis, unaesthetic scar, salivary fistula/sialocele, trismus and malocclusion 6 months postoperatively. Frequency and percentages were calculated for the categorical variables while chi square test was applied to compare the categorical variables.
Continuous...
AWARENESS OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES AMONG PET OWNERS IN WA MUNICIPALITY OF GHANA
Authors: Issah B. , Ansah T. , Alagma H. A.
Published: February 2021

Cats and dogs are the most common household pets. Although their importance cannot be over emphasized, their interactions with humans may result in the infection of zoonotic diseases. The awareness of zoonosis is a prerequisite for an efficient disease prevention. The study was conducted to determine the awareness of zoonotic diseases among pet owners in Wa municipality. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire, among different groups of respondents within Wa municipality, consisting of two urban and two rural localities. Out of the 100 respondents who were interviewed, about 76 (76%) of the respondents indicated their awareness of zoonoses of dogs and cats. Majority (98.7%) of those who indicated their awareness of zoonoses of dogs and cats, could only mention rabies. Most (93.3%) of the respondents who stated rabies as zoonosis were able to list some of the symptoms of the disease. The overall results suggest that the level of knowledge of zoonoses of cats and dogs in Wa municipality is low. From the results, there is the need for awareness creation on zoonoses of dogs and cats as well as proper management of these pets, with efforts from veterinary, human and public health professionals as the main actors.
Keywords: Awareness, Cat, dog, Knowledge, Zoonoses
LIBERALISME PENDIDIKAN DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Syukran Syukran
Published: February 2021

Untuk mewujudkan semangat liberalisme, Rogers telah menjadikan metode yang lebih praktis didalam pembelajaran, sementara Islam tidak memiliki konsep (metode praktis) pendidikan yang benar-benar mencerminkan pendidikan liberal. Namun, perbedaan dan keuntungan dari satu sama lain, tidak menghalangi untuk menggabungkan dua konsep tersebut. Karena jika dua konsep digabungkan, maka pendidikan akan menghasilkan output berkualitas tinggi: master pengetahuan umum (non - agama) dan pengetahuan agama, mampu berpikir otonom, kreatif, bijaksana dan mampu untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi. Penggabungan dua konsep ini tidak boleh lengkap, melainkan hanya melengkapi. Pendidikan Islam sudah mempuyai semangat liberalisme, filosofi dan tujuan yang jelas, tidak perlu mengadopsi tujuan dan semangat liberalisme yang ditawarkan Rogers. Sebaliknya, sistem pendidikan Islam harus mengadopsi cara mengajar (metode praktis) liberalisme pendidikan Rogers .

Kata Kunci: Liberalisme Pendidikan, PAI, Analisis Pemikiran
Effects of Harvesting Mucuna bracteata on the Legume Biomass and Soil Properties under Mature Oil Palm
Authors: Mohd Noor Mohd Amir Zunnasri , Sulaiman Muhammad Firdaus , Ghani Wan Azlina Wan Abdul Karim , Teh Christopher Boon Sung
Published: February 2021

The under-utilized legume Mucuna bracteata is a potential biomass resource in Malaysia. A 24-month study was conducted under 10-year-old mature oil palm trees to determine the effects of several harvesting frequencies of M. bracteata on the legume biomass and soil properties. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) for the biomass and a two-factorial RCBD for the soil properties. The treatments were the harvesting frequencies, which were once every two, four, six, and twelve months. The control treatment was without harvest. There were significant effects on the legume’s cumulative biomass, standing biomass, leaf area, nutrient contents, and total nutrient harvested for N, Ca, Mg, and cellulose content. Generally, the more frequent the harvest, the more biomass was obtained, but the more legume standing biomass and leaf area were reduced. Despite the reduction in legume growth and leaf area in the field, harvesting the legume did not affect any of the soil physicochemical properties. The biomass N, Ca, and Mg contents and nutrient harvested were also affected by harvesting. This was due to the production of relatively more young shoots after harvesting, which would remove most of the aboveground plant parts. The cellulose content in the legume also increased for the same reasons. Results showed that harvesting M. bracteata once every six months was an acceptable compromise between collecting large amounts of legume biomass and having a reduced legume growth recovery and leaf area in the field, but yet not detrimentally affecting the soil properties.
Efficiency of Bioconversion of Coffee Pulp using Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae
Authors: Ospina-Granobles Karen , Carrejo-Gironza Nancy
Published: February 2021

In this study, we evaluate the capacity of Hermetia illucens (L.) to degrade coffee pulp, which is a highly contaminating residue and a by-product of processing coffee beans. The larvae were fed with dietary dosages of 60, 100, 160, and 200 mg/larva/day of Coffea arabica (L.) Castillo variety (0.5% caffeine), until they reached pupae stage. With a dietary supply of 100 mg/larva/day, the highest reduction percentage (%R) on a wet basis (62.88%) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (7.89%) were achieved, while with a dietary supply of 160 mg/larva/day the highest weight reduction index (WRI) in a wet basis was achieved (0.85%). Larvae fed 200 mg/larva/day had the highest weight (115.9 mg) and shortest average development time (38.65 days). In this study we were able to define which dietary supplies of 160 and 200 mg/larva/day, allowing for efficient bioconversion of coffee pulp.
Cơ sở lựa chọn van hãm cho toa xe khách sử dụng ở Việt Nam vận hành đến tốc độ 120 km/h
Authors: Vũ Thị Hoài Thu
Published: February 2021

Van hãm là bộ phận quan trọng trong hệ thống hãm đoàn tàu (đầu máy, toa xe). Thông số kỹ thuật van hãm tốt hay xấu quyết định trạng thái hãm đoàn tàu và an toàn vận hành đoàn tàu. Bài báo tập trung phân tích kết cấu, tính năng tác dụng và các tham số kỹ thuật một số loại van hãm (van phân phối) tiêu biểu của hệ thống hãm toa xe đang được sử dụng rộng rãi trong và ngoài nước. Trên cơ sở đó đề xuất lựa chọn van phân phối cho toa xe khách cao cấp vận hành tin cậy ở tốc độ 120 km/h sử dụng trên đường sắt Việt Nam theo những chỉ tiêu cơ bản được đặt ra đối với van phân phối.
Virgin Coconut Oil Attenuates Deficits in Rats Undergoing Transient Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo B. , Omar Abdelsimar T. , Climacosa Fresthel Monica M. , Mondia Mark Willy L. , Arbis Czarina Catherine H. , Collantes Therese Marie A. , Khu Kathleen Joy O. , Roxas Jr. Artemio A. , Estacio Maria Amelita C.
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives. Neuroprotection agents may help improve the outcomes of large vessel ischemic stroke. This study aims to explore the role of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), with its well-documented anti-oxidant properties, in neuroprotection after transient occlusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery in a rat model of stroke.

Methods. Twenty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: 1) control group (n=11) given distilled water, and 2) treatment group (n=12) given virgin coconut oil at 5.15 ml/kg body weight for seven days. Subsequently, the rats underwent transient right extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion (EICAO) for 5 minutes using non-traumatic aneurysm clips. At 4 and 24 hours after EICAO, the animals were examined for neurologic deficits by an observer blinded to treatment groups, then sacrificed. Eight brain specimens (4 from each group) were subjected to histopathologic examination (H & E staining) while the rest of the specimens were processed using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to determine infarct size and area of hemispheric edema.

Results. VCO treatment significantly improved the severity of neurologic deficit (1.42 ± 2.31) compared to the control distilled water group (4.09 ± 2.59) 24 hours after EICAO. Whereas, infarct size and percent hemispheric edema did not significantly differ between the two groups.

Conclusion. Prophylactic treatment of VCO is protective against EICAO-induced neurologic deficits in a rat model. VCO shows great potential as a neuroprotective agent for large vessel ischemic stroke. However, more studies are necessary to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanisms of VCO therapy in ischemic stroke.
Fatores socioeconômicos como motivadores para o empreendedorismo social
Authors: Lopes-Jr. Derson da Silva , Vicente Mirian , Inacio Junior Edmundo , Fischer Bruno Brandão
Published: February 2021

Este estudo buscou analisar a influência dos fatores socioeconômicos na motivação para o empreendedorismo social. Foram estudados 192 estudantes de administração de três Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), sendo duas delas públicas e outra privada. A coleta de dados envolveu um questionário com perguntas fechadas para determinação do perfil socioeconômico e perguntas de escala Likert para análise do interesse em empreendedorismo social. Após a análise numérica das respostas e aplicação do método de regressão linear, pode-se comprovar que os fatores pertencimento à IES da periferia da capital, renda dos pais mais baixa, menor idade e maior escolaridade do pai influenciam no interesse em envolver-se em empreendedorismo social. Notou-se ainda que 89,26% dos respondentes consideram a carreira de empreendedor social significativa e interessante. Esse trabalho demonstra que existem uma forte tendência entre os jovens em buscar esse tipo de carreira para obtenção de um desenvolvimento profissional mais significativo e relevante.
Survey de Experiência como Pesquisa Qualitativa Básica em Administração.
Authors: Gil Antonio Carlos , Reis Neto Aline Crespo dos
Published: February 2021

O survey de experiência tem sido utilizado no campo da Administração – provavelmente mais do que nas demais áreas do conhecimento - com propósitos profissionais e acadêmicos.  Constitui um dos procedimentos mais recomendados na realização de estudos exploratórios, já que sua utilidade é amplamente reconhecida para proporcionar uma nova visão do problema proposto, para sugerir hipóteses de pesquisa e para aprimorar os procedimentos a serem adotados em pesquisas futuras. Constata-se, no entanto, que os manuais de pesquisa em Administração, embora recomendando sua utilização em estudos exploratórios, não enfatizam suas bases epistemológica, teóricas e metodológicas. Assim, elaborou-se o presente ensaio que tem como objetivo apresentar o survey de experiência como modalidade de pesquisa qualitativa básica e esclarecer acerca dos procedimentos adotados em seu planejamento e execução.
Pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana: percepção sobre atendimento odontológico
Authors: Souza Brisa Ketrine Lustosa de , Alves Ana Virgínia Fonseca , Calheiros Lucas Eduardo , Alves Waneska Alexandra , Verner Francielle Silvestre , Aquino Sibele Nascimento de
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção da pessoa vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana sobre a ocorrência de atitudes discriminatórias em atendimento odontológico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e em tratamento em um centro de referência, na cidade de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de janeiro a julho de 2019. Foram incluídos 25 participantes no estudo, tendo sido realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática e, a partir daí, as categorias que emergiram incluíram o receio da informação do diagnóstico ao profissional de saúde e a recusa de atendimento por profissionais da saúde. Resultados: Entre os entrevistados, houve percepção de confiança para informação de sua condição sorológica ao profissional, embora também tenha ocorrido omissão dela. Foi percebida certa insegurança relacionada ao cirurgião-dentista na realização do tratamento odontológico, incluindo atitudes discriminatórias no consultório e até recusa de atendimento. Conclusão: Entre as pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana investigadas no presente estudo, houve percepção de condutas discriminatórias e dificuldades para conseguirem atendimento odontológico, além do receio de informar seu diagnóstico ao cirurgião-dentista, omitindo-o.
On the Formation of the Space of Scientific Knowledge Subject Ontology
Authors: Kalenov Nikolay
Published: February 2021

Subject ontologies are the basis of every information system that describes scientific knowledge. A particular simplified case of a subject ontology is the indexes of classification systems, such as international UDC, ICI, Russian State Rubricator for Scientific and Technical Information (SRSTI) and Library Bibliografic Classification (LBC). A more developed example of a subject ontology is thematic thesauri containing terms related to a certain field of science or technology, with their hierarchical and horizontal connections. When considering the architecture of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK), a subject ontology is understood as a generalized structure that includes both thesaurus elements and associated indexes of various classification systems that describe this scientific area. This article presents the results of research related to the construction of subject ontologies based on the previously developed system for supporting terminological dictionaries and proposes a
methodology for identifying new key terms for its replenishment. The methodology is based on the use of existing citation databases (CDB), such as WEB of Science and Scopus for English-language publications and the Russian Citation Index for Russian-language publications. The methodology presupposes the division of the scientific area into a number of sections, the selection from the CDB of the core of articles related to each section, and from the articles - the author's key terms, which, in conjunction with the corresponding sections of the classification systems, should form the basis of the subject ontology of this scientific area.
La política exterior estadounidense hacia El Salvador
Authors: Romero Rafael
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 67, No. 728, 2012: 113-133.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Hamid Rimba , Hidayat Ahmad , Safitri Apriani
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran penerapan model PBL pada mata pelajaran IPA, Mengetahui gambaran prestasi belajar siswa, dan bagaimana pengaruh model PBL terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 26 orang siswa kelas VIII/A. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel X (penerapan PBL) dan variabel Y (prestasi belajar siswa). Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara angket dan dokumentasi. Menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan PBL di MTs Negeri 02 Konawe Selatan diperoleh nilai persentase 90% pada interval 81-100% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Untuk prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas VIII/A MTs Negeri 02 Konawe Selatan diperoleh nilai 77% dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan penerapan model PBL terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas VIII/A MTs Negeri 02 Konawe Selatan dengan nilai persentasi 65,8% dan 34,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. dan nilai sig. 0,000 < 0,05 maka hipotesis (Ho) ditolak sedangkan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima.
Pornography use by kinky gay men: A qualitative approach
Authors: Wignall Liam
Published: February 2021

This study examines how kinky gay men consume and engage with pornography. Drawing on 28 in-depth interviews with self-identified kinky gay men, this study examines how pornography was discussed as a useful tool for exploring sexuality. Pornography consumption was complex and played an important role in the development of kink desires for almost all participants, being used to: explore sexual kinks; learn how to perform activities safely; and help consolidate sexual desires. Limitations and implications of this study are considered, particularly regarding the conceptual framing of pornography consumption and considerations for the future with kinky individuals.
Replacement value of rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) meal for full-fat soya bean meal on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broilers
Authors: Ijaiya A. T. , Alamede I. C. , Erhnuanga R. A.
Published: February 2021

Rubber seed meal (RSM) contains about 28.63% CP but also high in CF (20%). Rubber seed cake was extruded after the extraction of rubber seed oil from the Rubber Seed oil processing Department of Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Ben in-City. The rubber seed cake was then milled to produce RSM. Soya bean meal (SBM) was prepared by processing sun-dried soya bean seeds in a combined toaster, grinder and extruder. The experiments reported in this study were to investigate the utilization of RSM as a replacement for SBM in the diers of broilers. In the first experiment, 225 seven days'-old broiler chicks of Anak strain were randomly allotted to live dietary treatments Ty T2, T3, T4 and I's which had 100% SBM: 0% RSM, 75% SBM: 25% RSM, 50% SBM: 50% RSM, 25% SBM: 75% RSM and 0% SBM: 100% RSM respectively. The CP level was set at 24% and energy level at 2900kcal/kg. The birds were further subdivided into three replicates of 15 birds each. The trial lasted for 28 days. In the second experiment, design and feed formulation were similar but the CP level was set at 21% and energy at 2700kcal/kg. 225 five weeks old broiler chicks from the first experiment were fed the broiler finisher diets. At the end of the oth week 2 birds were randomly selected from each of the replicates for carcass, organ weight and haematological evaluation. In experiment 1. feed intake of the birds on diets containing RSM up to 75% inclusion level compared favourably with the control (0%RSM). In the second experiment, feed intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased level of RSM inclusion up to 75% Body weight gain, FCR and nutrients digestibility of birds fed diets containing RSM up to 50% inclusion level compared favourably with the control (0%RSM). The relative dressing percentage, heart weight and haematological parameters of the birds fed different levels of RSM based diets were comparable. The weight of the gizzard increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased level RSM inclusion. Dietary inclusion of RSM reduced the cost of producing 1 kg of feed. Therefore, RSM can be used to replace SBM ar 50% inclusion level in the diers of broilers without any deleterious effect.
Application and efficiency of body volume formula for predicting live weight in two strains of broiler chickens in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Kabir M. , Shehu-Kubra A.
Published: February 2021

Records from 120 day-old Arbor Acre (n = 60) and White Rose (11 = 60) broiler strains of mixed sexes were used. The experiment was carried out at the Poultry Unit, Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna state. Traits considered from day old to 8 weeks included body weight (BW), body length (BL) as well as chest girt (CG). The chickens were assigned to two treatments with three replications each having twenty chickens per replicate and were fed the same type of feed. The weights were taken on weekly basis. The seed consumed was also measured on daily basis. The body parameter such as body length and chest girth was also taken on weekly basis. The chick's body volume (BV) was estimated by cylinder volume using a formula derived from the work of Paputugan. Results obtained showed that age significantly (P<0.05) affected BW at all ages where the White Rose strain consistently weigh heavier than Arbor Acre. Similarly the BV of Arbor Acre is less than that of White Rose strain only at week 2. No significant difference (P>0.05) was obtained for the other parameters investigated across age. Coefficient of correlation among parameters obtained in this study were low and insignificant (P>0.05). However, all the values recorded were positive indicating that selection for any trait will lead to correlated response in the others. The multiple regression models for predicting live weight from chest girth, body length and body volume in the two strains revealed that coefficient of determination (R2) for BV was higher (0.96 to 0.98) compared with those of chest girth (0.56 to 0.73) and body length (0.87 to 0.88). It was concluded therefore that body volume was more efficient and better predictor of live body weight than BL and/or CG.
Principal component regression of the morphostructural traits of West African dwarf sheep
Authors: B ello-Ibiyemi A. A. , Wheto M, , Adenaike A. S. , Decampos J. S. , Ogunlakin D. O. , Atunnise M. , Shola S. , Ikeobi C. O. N.
Published: February 2021

Evaluation of body weight and seven morphostructural traits (body length, wither's height, rump height, fore cannon bone length, chest depth, hip width and hearth girth) of 200 West African dwarf (WAD) sheep of age range 0-1, 1-2, 2-3 and 3-4 was used in determining age and sex effects using General linear model procedure. The sheep were traditionally managed in flocks of southern and north central Nigeria. Interdependence magnitude (redundancy) was estimated to be positive and significant through pearson's correlation estimates between body weight and linear body dimensions (r = 0.04 - 0.81, P<0.01). Among the linear type traits, highest correlation was observed between body weight and hearth girth in males (r = 0.85) and females (r = 0.81) respectively. Multicollinearity contrast at variance inflation factor (VIF) threshold 3.0 was found to be most associated with rump height, hearth girth and body length; with low tolerance modules. Collinearity effects were further orchestrated with computations of eigen values, condition indexes and variance proportions. The component solution through VARIMAX orthogonal rotation generated one principal component for WAD sheep of age range 0-2 years, and two principal components for age range 2-4 years, The principal component based on regression models revealed, body weight was best predicted from heart girth, and combination of rump height and wither's height measurements.