bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bisecting the type series of Leporinus paranensis Garavello and Britski, 1987 (Characiformes, Anostomidae)
Authors: Britski Heraldo A. , Garavello Júlio C. , Oliveira Claudio , Birindelli José L. O.
Published: August 2024

The type series of Leporinus paranensis includes two distinct species, one of which is herein described as new. Leporinus paranensis is redescribed based on its holotype, two paratypes, and additional specimens recently sampled in tributaries of the Grande river, in the north portion of the upper Paraná basin in Brazil. A new species of Leporinus is described based on specimens collected in all major tributaries of the upper Paraná basin in Brazil, and tributaries of the Paraná river in Paraguay. Both species share the presence of three unicuspid teeth on the premaxillary and four on dentary, terminal mouth and three dark midlateral blotches on the body. The new species is distinguished from L. paranensis based on the number of scale series around the caudal peduncle (12 vs. 16). The variation in the body shape of both species were compared through a Principal Component Analysis and showed that they share a similar body shape. Species delimitation analyses using DNA Barcode were applied to compare samples of the new species to congeners and corroborated the uniqueness of the new species. In addition, molecular data revealed that L. bahiensis, L. octofasciatus, and L. taeniatus are possibly closely related to the new species. The conservation status of L. paranensis and the new species are discussed using the IUCN criteria.
Update on the geographical distribution of freshwater crabs of the Pseudothelphusidae family in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Nobre Paulo Henrique Pereira , Nascimento Carlito Alves do , Martins Carlos Antonio Muniz , Araújo Juliana Gonçalves de , Nascimento Whandenson Machado do , Pinheiro Allysson Pontes
Published: August 2024

The humid forest zones of northeastern Brazil are recognized as endemic hotspots for pseudothelphusid crabs. In this study, we report new occurrence records of the pseudothelphusids, Fredius ibiapaba and Kingsleya attenboroughi, in humid soil and streams within humid forests of the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. These new records expand the geographical distribution of these crabs, highlighting their potential to inhabit humid forests throughout this region. Furthermore, this information indicates that these crabs, especially K. attenboroughi, are not confined to slopes and patches of humid forests in highland swamps but can also extend to springs in other areas of the Brazilian semi-arid region.
O uso de estatística de multipontos como pós processamento da krigagem ordinária
Authors: Salaroli Raphael Martin , Rocha Marcelo Monteiro da
Published: August 2024

A suavização da krigagem representa um grande problema para os cálculos de recursos e reservas minerais, uma vez que valores altos são subestimados e valores baixos superestimados. A suavização atenua detalhes locais de variação espacial do analito, dificultando a detecção de padrões de valores altos. Este artigo propõe a utilização da estatística de multiponto como pós-processamento dos resultados da krigagem ordinária, com objetivo de atenuar esta suavização. A proposta utiliza o modelo de blocos estimado por krigagem como imagem de treinamento. Para os testes, um depósito de cobre sintético foi utilizado com o intuito de aferir os resultados obtidos em relação aos valores reais. Foram realizadas análises visuais, estatísticas e bloco a bloco entre as estimativas geoestatística e simulações por multiponto com o depósito sintético, a fim de entender se o uso da Estatística de Multipontos (MPS) como pós processamento é válido. Os resultados da MPS se apresentaram resultados sutilmente mais  semelhantes ao depósito sintético, principalmente em faixas de teores mais baixas. Dessa forma, considerou-se que o uso da MPS como pós processamento da krigagem ordinária gera resultados positivos, ainda que não muito expressivos, sendo possível a aplicação da metodologia numa rotina de análise de recursos e reservas.
D-dimer assay interference detected by the discrepancy in D-dimer concentrations at different dilutions
Authors: Šerić Vatroslav , Kirin Mirna , Buljanović Vikica , Milić Marija , Brkić Barbarić Dejana , Lukić Iva
Published: August 2024

This case report describes interference from heterophilic antibodies in D-dimer assay. The interference was suspected due to discrepancies between D-dimer concentrations in the original sample and diluted samples, as well as inconsistent clinical findings. The patient’s medical history, laboratory results, and imaging studies were considered in the investigation. Heterophilic antibodies, likely developed during the SARS-CoV-2 infection, were identified as the probable cause of interference. The interference was confirmed through various methods, including dilution studies, blocking heterophilic antibodies, and comparing results with an alternative D-dimer method. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing interference in D-dimer testing, emphasizing the need for collaboration between clinicians and laboratory specialists.
Learning Internal Representations of 3D Transformations From 2D Projected Inputs
Authors: Connor Marissa , Olshausen Bruno , Rozell Christopher
Published: August 2024

We describe a computational model for inferring 3D structure from the motion of projected 2D points in an image, with the aim of understanding how biological vision systems learn and internally represent 3D transformations from the statistics of their input. The model uses manifold transport operators to describe the action of 3D points in a scene as they undergo transformation. We show that the model can learn the generator of the Lie group for these transformations from purely 2D input, providing a proof-of-concept demonstration for how biological systems could adapt their internal representations based on sensory input. Focusing on a rotational model, we evaluate the ability of the model to infer depth from moving 2D projected points and to learn rotational transformations from 2D training stimuli. Finally, we compare the model performance to psychophysical performance on structure-from-motion tasks.
An Annotated Corpus of Three Hundred Proverbs, Sayings, and Idioms in Eastern Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t
Authors: Castagna Giuliano
Published: August 2024

This book explores the rich paremiological heritage of Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t, an endangered pre-literate language belonging to the Modern South Arabian sub-branch of Semitic, spoken by an ever-decreasing number of people in the Dhofar governorate of the Sultanate of Oman.

Reflecting the historical value of proverbs and idiomatic expression within the documentation of a language, Giuliano Castagna analyses a sizeable share of Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t proverbs, sayings and idioms from Arabic-language publications, as well as hitherto unpublished expressions that reveal undocumented features in the domains of lexicon, phonetics, phonology and morphology.

Castagna’s grammatical analysis (phonetic, phonological and morphological) of these pieces of folk knowledge underpins the documentation of an obsolete lexicon. It is accompanied by a brief introduction to the study of proverbs (paremiology) and a succinct grammatical sketch of Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t, making the book useful both to experts and to students of these topics.
Determinants of Peri-urban Land Use Management Practices in Case of Assosa City, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Yeneneh Mihret , Benti Teha
Published: August 2024

Peri-urban areas are today's metaphors for several rapidly changing and competing socioeconomic aspects of urban and rural power. Suburban areas are facing the challenge of active, illegal, and unauthorized spatial transformations. The division between the institutional and legal frameworks also exacerbates the issue. Robust and holistic land management are prospects for today's peri-urban areas to become tomorrow's huge cities. This study aims to examine determining factors of peri-urban land management practice in Assosa city peri-urban areas to support the design of effective land management systems. A mixed method study was used to collect primary and secondary data sources. The sample of peri-urban households was selected using simple random sampling techniques. Both descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis methods were utilized. The findings demonstrated that the bifurcated and ineffective legal and institutional frameworks, limited public-private organizational support and participation influence awareness and motivations of peri-urban landholders land management practice in suburban settings. Following this, the majority of peri-urban landholders consequently lack access to the land management practice. The estimated results of the binary logit model show the following variables: awareness, motivation, participation, institutional setup and land disputes were found to be factors determining peri-urban land management practice. The study recommends an all-in-one robust institutional framework to promote sustainable land management.
Anesthesia Management of a Child with Severe Pectus Excavatum Complicated with Heart Compression Displacement
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Li Xuejie
Published: August 2024

We report the anesthesia management of a severe pectus excavatum with cardiac compression displacement under thoracoscopic correction with general anesthesia. Preoperative chest computed tomography showed that the lower end of the sternum was significantly depressed, and the distance between the depressed sternum and the spine was less than 2cm. The heart was obviously compressed and shifted to the left thoracic cavity. During the intraoperative reversal of the orthopedic plate, the blood flow velocity of the tricuspid valve increased to 87.9cm/s and showed a single peak. The transesophageal echocardiography indicated mild tricuspid valve regurgitant flow, and the blood pressure dropped rapidly. After the surgeon was informed of the situation, the orthopedic plate was quickly turned to the convex side up, and the locally depressed anterior chest wall was lifted up. Satisfactory correction of chest wall malformations.
Mechanical Robust and Conductive Polyurea Nanocomposites Using Graphene Platelets
Authors: Huang Qiaoling , Guo Shuang , Li Shuangshan , Gao Ziqi , Ma Shuning , Han Sensen
Published: August 2024

Graphene, renowned for its exceptional surface area, electrical and thermal conductivity, and gas permeation resistance, serves as an excellent filler for enhancing the properties of polyurea (PUA). In this study, graphene platelets (GNPs) were mass-produced via thermal expansion of graphite intercalation compound followed by ultrasonic exfoliation. These GNPs were then incorporated into PUA using a straightforward mixing method to create PUA/GNPs composites. Characterization using SEM and a high resistivity meter revealed strong interfacial bonding between GNPs and the PUA matrix, facilitated by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and Jeffamine D2000 (D2000). This robust interaction significantly improved the composites' performance. Notable enhancements in mechanical properties were observed: tensile strength increased by approximately 79% at 0.5 vol%, impact strength by 15.7% at 0.2 vol%, and tear strength by 30.6% at 0.5 vol%,. These improvements underscore the effectiveness of GNPs as reinforcing fillers, significantly boosting the durability and robustness of the PUA composites. Additionally, the study examined the effect of varying graphene content on the electrical properties of the composites, revealing substantial improvements in electrical conductivity. This research presents a practical strategy for developing high-performance PUA/GNPs composites, leveraging GNP's unique properties to enhance both mechanical and electrical characteristics. The study contributes valuable insights into the synthesis and property enhancement of GNPs nanocomposites, paving the way for further advancements in the field of multifunctional materials.
BL Drama: The Thai Entertainment Industry as a Source of Soft Power
Authors: Lyajoon Stephen
Published: August 2024

Boys Love, a subcategory originated in Japan in the 1970’s has swept the Thai entertainment industry. BL dramas has put Thailand on the map with an international recognition and appreciation through the portrayal of the country’s gender fluidity narrative and addressing relatable social question of the current generation. Observations can be made on the possibility of Thailand to use this newly found niche market as a source of soft power. Looking at the country’s other Asian neighbors as case study allows for a clear pattern to be observed through the use of the entertainment industry as a mean for cultural export, simultaneously establishing a sphere of influence that can be leverage on the diplomatic stage. This paper leverage the case study of South Korea and Japan as prime example of soft power through their respective entertainment industry. From the origin of the Boys Love and its success in Thailand to analysis of similar case studies in Japan and South Korea, this paper seeks to understand the feasibility of the BL genre becoming an asset positioning Thailand as a key player in the diplomatic arena both within Asia and the international community. The BL industry in Thailand has a significant potential of propelling the country on the international stage as a significant regional power. Yet, there are some major setbacks to be addressed for that concretization of this phenomenon.
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Amade Muhammed , Oyigebe Peter
Published: August 2024

This study was expected to investigate the impact of Budget Deficit on economic growth of Nigeria between 1983 and 2023. Ex – post facto research design was accepted; annual time series data for analyses were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of 2022. Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as the explained or dependent variable proxy for economic growth. budget deficit (BDF), inflation (INF) and money supply (MS) all represent explanatory or independent variables. The study employed Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model which was used to analyzed and evaluate the coefficients of the model’s parameters. Other diagnostic tests employed by this study include; unit root test, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient matrix, Cointegration test and test of Normality, and they confirmed the validity and reliability of the model used; the inferential results showed that budget deficits impacted significantly on the economic growth of Nigeria under the review period. The paper recommended strongly that the country should display a high degree of transparency in its fiscal policies or operations by directing its fiscal deficits present towards investments that will increase productivity such as building roads, providing electricity and encouraging Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). The paper equally recommended inflation targeting in order to achieve a non-inflationary trend economy purposely to achieve the macroeconomic goal of price stability. The policy makers should direct capital and financial resources of government toward targeted programs like employment opportunity in productive ventures.
Continuous Learning and Job Satisfaction of Employees of the Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Adeigbe Yunus , Fabiyi Isaac , Babatola Felix , Ogunjemilua Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

This study examined the effect of continuous learning on job satisfaction of employees of selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. This study adopted quantitative research technique using questionnaire. The population of the study consists of two thousand, three hundred and forty-two (2,342) staff of selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to select the respondents from the selected Deposit Money Banks. The sample size of three hundred and thirty-one (331) respondents were determined through Raosoft sample size calculator. Data were administered and collected through the primary source with the aid of a questionnaire in gathering data from managerial staff of the selected Deposit Money Banks using a six (6) point scale. The six (6) point Likert scale ranges from 6 points indicating strongly agree, and 1 = strongly disagree. Findings from the study shows that continuous learning meaningfully influenced job satisfaction of employee in the selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The study concluded that continuous learning had significant effect on job satisfaction of employees in the selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria.
Case Study on Obstacles and Implementation Paths of Shandong Energy's Green and Low-carbon Transformation
Authors: Yun Guo , Shuchang Wu
Published: August 2024

In the context of global climate change and environmental regulations, it is worth exploring in theory and practice how coal enterprises can achieve green and low-carbon transformation and maintain sustainable development. This article takes Shandong Energy in China as an example, analyzes the obstacles faced by Shandong Energy's green and low-carbon transformation, such as resource distribution, talent structure, industrial structure, and supporting policies. From the perspectives of mergers and acquisitions, industrial structure, resource reserves, intelligent mines, technological innovation, integration of industry and finance, and resource integration, it deeply analyzes and summarizes Shandong Energy's practical paths and beneficial experiences in green and low-carbon transformation and achieving sustainable development. The research results have been found that mergers and acquisitions, as well as resource integration, have broadened the temporal and spatial boundaries and opportunity set for the green and low-carbon transformation of coal enterprises; Technological innovation is the intrinsic driving force for the green and low-carbon transformation of coal enterprises, providing technical support for their sustainable development; Financial innovation provides fund support for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of coal enterprises. The research conclusions have important practical significance and theoretical marginal contributions, provides experience reference and theoretical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation of the other coal industry enterprises.
Preparedness Among Senior JKUAT Nursing Students in Managing COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mwenda Gift
Published: August 2024

The negative effects and the impact of pandemic diseases continues to grow enormously. The study aimed to find out the preparedness among senior JKUAT nursing students in managing COVID-19 patients. The purpose of the study was to determine knowledge, attitude and risk perception among senior nursing students at JKUAT in the management of COVID-19 patients. The study used a cross-sectional study design and sampling technique was used to collect data among number of students using online questionnaires. Data analysis was done using the statistical package for the social sciences version 20 and presented using frequency tables, pie charts, numerical and narratives as appropriate. Out of the total participants, 74.6% of the students were willing to volunteer in a pandemic management center and 98.6% had the knowledge on how infectious diseases are transmitted, frequent ways of transmission and prevention/minimizing the spread of infection. Nursing students are valuable resources in the health sectors and are highly willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic and are prepared to manage the affected patients. The study recommends that emergency preparedness should be integrated into the nursing curricula and other health science programs and also recommends the ministry of health to provide incentives to the volunteers as well as insurance cover in case one is infected in the line of duty.
Surgical Planning for Pattern Strabismus in Patients with Intermittent Exotropia: Evaluating Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Correia Marta , Ferreira Ana , Magalhães António
Published: August 2024

Background or purpose: Intermittent exotropia is the most common cause of divergent deviation. Pattern strabismus may coexist with horizontal deviations in up 35% of cases. Managing pattern strabismus concomitantly with the correction of horizontal strabismus poses a challenge due to imbalances in force vectors. This study aims to evaluate the effects of planning an intermittent exotropia surgery considering the presence of pattern strabismus and its surgical resolution. Methods: Observational retrospective study of patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgical correction at center between 2017 and 2022. Patients were categorized by the presence of pattern strabismus and furthermore by surgical technique for the correction of said incomitance (weakening of inferior oblique muscles or vertical transposition of lateral rectus muscles). Outcomes of post-surgical horizontal deviation and presence of postoperative pattern strabismus were statistical analyzed between groups using SPSS software v28.0. A p-value <0,05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 169 patients had surgical correction for intermittent exotropia. Pattern strabismus was observed in 35,5% of patients, primarily V-pattern (88,3%). Most were male (58, 35%) with mean age of 15,13±16,38 years. 41,7% patients with pattern strabismus underwent correction of the incomitance. All techniques showed significant reduction of horizontal near (p<0,001) and distance (p<0,001) deviation. However, incomitance correction favored strongly not only the collapsing of pattern strabismus (p=0,027) but also achieved better results in postoperative distance (p=0,002) and near (p=0,031) horizontal deviation. The two techniques for resolution of pattern strabismus showed comparable results in postoperative horizontal near deviation values and resolution of pattern strabismus, favoring vertical transposition in horizontal distance deviation values (p=0,015). Conclusions: The presence of pattern deviations should be actively persecuted in pre-operatively appointments to plan the surgery appropriately, as benefits in correcting the vertical incomitance are supported by this study findings. Both vertical transposition of lateral rectus muscles and weakening of inferior oblique muscles are effective techniques to correct vertical incomitances.
Homology Modelling and Molecular Docking Studies to Discover Potent Inhibitors of CD169 in PRRSV Infection
Authors: Eliphaz Nsabimana , Cui Wen-qiang , Xiao Han , Bello-Onaghise God’spower , Yang Tang , Fei Yu , Feng Zhang , Qin Jun-jie , Guo Wen-xin , Li Yan-hua
Published: August 2024

CD169 is one of the putative receptors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, also plays a major role in PRRSV infection. Computational methods including, homology modelling, molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations carried out to investigate 3D structure and potent inhibitors of CD16. Homology modelling and molecular docking were done by Maestro 10.6. A 3D structure of CD169 was obtained through homology modelling. It was later subjected protein-ligand interaction by molecular docking study. The docking results showed top ten hits compounds with the docking score energies, among those compounds MOL002433 (3R,8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-17-[(E,2R)-6-methyl-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydr) had the best docking score energy -8.095 kcal/mol and showed significant binding affinity and interactions with CD169 receptor active site, respectively form H bond with residues ASP-40, SER-104, LYS-107 and ASN-92. Furthermore, MD (molecular dynamics) simulations were performed by Amber 16 to investigate the stability of a ligand-protein complex. The analysis of root mean square deviation (RMSD) of CD169 /(3R,8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-17-[(E,2R)-6-methyl-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydr) complex revealed that CD169 protein has more stability when it interacts with the inhibitor. These findings have given us a better understanding of the functional properties and the reaction mechanism of CD169 receptor. Our results will help to identify new leads for drug discovery in PRRSV infection.
Social Phobia in Undergraduate University Students in Oman: Prevalence and Correlates with Academic Achievement and Personal Characteristics
Authors: Ghafri Maryam , Nassri Khalid
Published: August 2024

Background: Social Anxiety disorder (SAD) is common worldwide. However, data from Oman is deficient. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of social phobia among undergraduate university students in Oman and investigate its relationship with the subjects’ academic performance and personal characteristics. Methodology: Using a cross-sectional study design, 377 students were selected as a sample from Univercity of the Technology and Applied Scinces at AL-Dhahira Governorate of Oman. A convenience sampling method was adopted to reach out to the participants. The data was collected between March, 2024, to May, 2024. Data from nurses was gathered by a primary survey approach utilizing a closed-ended questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS (Statistical Tool for Social Sciences) version 20.0. Results: A total of 377 students self-completed the study survey. The results showed a high prevalence (91.2%) of social phobia among study subjects. Single linear-regression analysis indicated a significant association between social phobia and the academic GPA (p = 0.000). The influences of participants’ characteristics on the level of social phobia were also tested among study participants. Analysis utilizing Chi-square test showed that there was a significant association in the gender (p = 0.001), smoking ( p = 0.000) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.018) with the level of social phobia. Using Further analysis utilizing an independent ttest showed that there was a significant difference in the gender ( p = 0.000), medication use (p = 0.020) and history child abuse (p = 0.000) with the level of social phobia. Finally, one way Anova F-Test was applid and socioeconomic status was significant (p = 0.042) with social phobia level. Conclusion: The study came to the conclusion that SAD is prevalent among the sampled population and various associated factors have been found. The current findings may increase healthcare professionals' and academics' awareness of the need of early case detection and management. This study lays the foundation for succeedingstudies that will seek an understanding of the contributing factors related to the incidence of social phobia among Omani university students.
Research Article: Profitability of Producing Early Generation Rice Seed Under Pawe Districts: Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Shitu Feleke , Woundefiraw Belete
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted on the profitability of producing early-generation rice seeds under pawe districts in northwestern parts of Ethiopia. Early-generation seed production is a promising business that can be a solution to increase rice productivity and farmers' income. However, limited technology use, soil preference of commodity, and limited rice seed multiplier companies and human resources often become obstacles to addressing improved seed for farmers, especially smallholder farmers. The main purpose of early-generation seed production is to maintain the genetic potential and identity of a variety and regular provision of high-quality breeder seed which is the basis for subsequent seed production. Variety maintenance, production, and distribution of the breeder, pre-basic, and basic seed are carried out by the public breeding institutions or private seed sector. Samples were taken from rice seed farmers within two production seasons. This research aims to understand the economics of current seed production in the case of rice crops and provide basic information cost structure of EGS production for private and public enterprises. The analysis carried out includes cost analysis, income, and profitability analysis. The results showed that rice seed farmers were profitable with a 1.381 benefit-cost ratio and 27.58 profit margins. The total profit of one-hectare pre-basic seed production of rice was 47,433.565 which is the difference between total revenue (Price*Quantity =171939.39) and total cost (124,505.825).
Exit Exams in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Teshome Samson
Published: August 2024

This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize the literature on exit exams in higher education. To this end, an attempt was made to look into the purpose of exit exams in higher education, the design and preparation of exit exams in higher education, the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of exit exams in higher education, and the effects of exit exams on students, instructors, programs, and higher education institutions. In the literature search, the researcher used different electronic databases. The databases used were ERIC, JSTOR, Wiley, Google Scholar, and Tylor and Francis. Search terms were formulated and applied to the online databases. A total of 77 study articles were identified, and 11 studies were included in the study after applying inclusion, exclusion, and quality assessment criteria. The review process was guided by research questions. PICO (Problem Intervention Comparison Outcome) was used to formulate the research questions. The paper was prepared using the planning, protocol, extraction, analysis, and reporting stages. This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria. Zotero was used for reference management. The study revealed that exit exams are requirements for graduation in higher education. The principal purpose of the exit exams is to assess students’ educational achievement. Exist exams positively affect students, instructors, and intuitions in the higher education context. Exit exams in higher education are used to measure the attitude, knowledge, and skill of graduates in terms of competencies. Exit exams cover the fundamentals of the relevant fields of study. A variety of measurement instruments are used in exit exams. Exit exams are also criticized on different issues. For effective and efficient utilization of exit exams in higher education it requires a higher education system pre-exit, during, and post-exit exam test administration activities. Concerning the future of exit exams in higher education alternative methods of assessment are proposed by scholars.
Practice and Reflection on the Construction of a “Communities of Learners” in Normal Students’ Linguistics Courses: An Innovative Exploration of the Modern Chinese Course
Authors: Fan Peipei
Published: August 2024

By virtue of educational practice, this thesis delves into the construction strategies and steps of the “communities of learners” model in the linguistics course of normal students. In addition, three effective cases of combining it with the content of modern Chinese courses are summarized. Running on the problems of students’ motivation and participation, teachers’ roles and guidance methods, learning resources and environmental support in the implementation process, this thesis reflects on the problems of students’ learning motivation and participation, and puts forward effective solutions, such as teacher-student interaction, group cooperation, multiple technical means, digital learning platform, and shaping a “cooperative colleague relationship” among teachers.
Assessment of Food Safety Practices and Associated Factors Among Health Extension Model and Non-Model Households in Asella Town, South West Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Damissie Fantu , Aredo Melese , Eshete Amde , Tejineh Solomon , Batu Dida
Published: August 2024

Background: Food safety is essential for preventing foodborne illnesses and ensuring the health of consumers. Unsafe food can lead to diseases that result in significant morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aimed to assess food safety practices and associated factors among health extension model and non-model households in Asella Town, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 model and non-model households. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of good food safety practices was 49.1%, with significantly higher prevalence among model households (75.4%) compared to non-model households (22.4%). Factors associated with good food safety practices included being a model household, availability of solid and liquid waste disposal sites, good knowledge towards food safety, and a positive attitude towards food safety. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study findings indicate a low level of good food safety practices among households. Interventions are needed to improve household food safety practices, knowledge, and attitudes towards food safety.
Preliminary Assessment of Mercury and Methyl Mercury Contamination of Sediments, Water and Fish from the Bétaré-oya Gold Extraction Site (Cameroon)
Authors: Mahmoudou Mouniratou , Bia Ousmanou , Kamdem Inès , Noubissie Eric , Tessier Emmanuel , Amouroux David , Ngassoum Martin
Published: August 2024

The gold extraction process by mercury amalgamation is recognized worldwide as a process presenting an environmental and health risk linked to mercury contamination of the geo and biosphere close to the gold panning site. The aim of this work is to assess the risk of contamination by mercury of populations living in the locality of Bétaré-oya, which is subject to the phenomenon of small-scale artisanal mining. In order to achieve this, a small social survey was carried out on two gold extraction sites in the locality of Bétaré-oya. Samples of sediment, water and fish were also taken from these sites. After characterization, these samples underwent the total mercury was determined by an automatic mercury analyzer. Moreover, the methyl mercury was extracted from the samples and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer coupled to gas chromatography and by gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector. The results obtained showed total mercury concentrations varying from 386 to 5072 µg/kg in sediments and from 24.6 to 8451 ng/L in water. Methyl mercury was measured at concentrations ranging from 7.62 to 165 µg/kg in sediments, from 2.54 to 15 µg/L and from 45.4 to 90.8 µg/kg in fish. Well water (15.0 ± 2.4 µg/L of methyl mercury) which is consumed by the populations of the study site, and fish contaminated with an average concentration of 68 µg/kg of Methyl mercury, represent the main vectors of the risk of direct contamination of the populations of the locality of Bétaré-oya by this pollutant.
The Status and Challenges of Contract Farming Engagement in Gimbo District, Kafa Zone, South West Ethiopia People’s Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Wubie Dereje
Published: August 2024

Contract farming has long been used in industrialized nations' agricultural production systems as a system of institutions to help smallholder farmers commercialize their farms in an effort to increase revenue and reduce poverty. This study aimed to assess the state of contract farming and challenges of engagement in Gimbo District, Kafa Zone, South West Ethiopia People’s Region, Ethiopia. A focus group discussion, observations, key informant interviews with fifteen experts and authorities, and surveys of 361 farm households were used to collect data. The study revealed that the productivity of coffee improved from 3-4 qt/ha to the average productivity of about 10 qt/ha and the price of coffee improved from 7 birr/kg to 19 birr/kg. This suggests a considerable increase in production and price improvement resulting from the adoption of contract farming. According to the study, the local community benefited from 345 temporary and 44 permanent jobs that were established by contract farming operations in the study area. According to the report, external variables posed challenges to contract farming initiatives in the research area. These external factors included lacking of a legislative instrument that serves as a guide, the lack of infrastructure, the inadequate assistance of governmental organizations, and the failure to integrate the necessary stakeholders to support the sectors. Thus, the study recommended that the government should focus on raising awareness, enhancing extension services and organizational setup, ensuring transparency and accountability in the contract process, and improving financial services.
Cloud-Edge Motion by a Ducted Gravity Wave
Authors: Walsh Raymond P. , Muraki David J.
Published: August 2024

The reflection of a wave at a fluid interface is fundamental to the atmospheric wave duct. As latent heating distinguishes the buoyancy response between cloudy and clear air, cloud edges can serve as a ducting interface for gravity waves. However, advection of the thermodynamic conditions by the ducted wave itself can cause evaporation or condensation, where the motion of cloud edges results from shrinking or enlarging regions of saturated air. For an idealized ducted wave mode trapped by a cloud layer, a linear Boussinesq analysis shows that its vertical motions produce a sinusoidal corrugation of the cloud edge that travels with the wave. When thermodynamic conditions are continuously varying, the cloud edge propagates as a moving onset of phase change and not as a material interface. Using this Boussinesq solution to initialize the full-physics Cloud Model 1 (CM1), the simulation confirms the amplitude and speed of the cloud-edge wave. In a comparison of simulations for domains of decreasing height, convergence to the Boussinesq ducted wave can be quantitatively established. This demonstration suggests a theory-based convergence benchmark for the motion of a cloud edge by phase change.

Significance Statement

Waves in the atmosphere can cause evaporation or condensation that results in changes to the shape of an individual cloud. A standard theory for airflow is extended to include the motion of the edges of a cloud. An example wave cloud as approximated by this theory is shown to be reproduced, with high accuracy, in a computer weather forecast model. The quantitative verification of this basic theory for clouds represents a new opportunity for exploring how wave interactions may be involved in the complex processes that shape the clouds that are an important component in our weather and climate systems.
Issues in staffing and outsourcing in schools. Who’s teaching health and physical education?
Authors: Sears Jessica Amy , Wilson Rachel
Published: August 2024

The staffing and outsourcing of the marginalised curriculum area Health and Physical Education (HPE) has been an area of growing concern, alongside rising concerns for the decline of students’ health due to increased sedentary behaviour and mental health problems, yet there has been little research attention to the staffing and delivery of HPE in Australian schools. This article addresses that gap in understanding with analysis of data from a larger study examining positioning and implementation of HPE in schools. A mixed methods questionnaire was completed by 30% of government schools in New South Wales ( n = 556) providing data on staffing, delivery and outsourcing arrangements. Findings suggested that specialist HPE teachers are not in-charge of teaching HPE; and the majority (67%) of schools outsource at least some HPE, with far-reaching impacts on curriculum coverage and student exclusion from lessons evident. Findings also suggested that students experience varied methods of delivery in Physical Education (PE), and Health Education (HE) lessons. Together, these findings raise questions regarding the assurance of quality and equity, with implications for future policy and practice and the health and wellbeing of school children.
Social work response to the earthquake disaster in the Middle East: Syria and Turkey as a case study
Authors: Al Gharaibeh Fakir
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the provision of mental health support to the victims of the 2023 earthquake in Syria and Turkey by social workers. The recommendations are applicable to countries in which professional social work lacks recognition and have global implications for both policy and practice.
The Politics of Delay in Crisis Negotiations
Authors: Dong Haonan
Published: August 2024

States often intentionally stall crisis negotiations, hoping to build arms or attract allies to achieve a more favorable bargaining position. Why do their adversaries tolerate delay in some cases, but attack upon delay in others? I argue that this is because states cannot perfectly distinguish between intentional and unavoidable delays. This presents a strategic tension: a state prefers to attack preventively if the delay is intentional, but prefers to avoid costly war otherwise. To study this tension, I build a formal model of crisis bargaining with delay tactics, showing that rising states may mask bargaining delays behind natural exogenous delays to complete a peaceful power shift. I find that uncertainty over the source of delay may decrease the risk of war under some conditions, and increase the risk of war under others. I discuss the implications of my theoretical model for the causes of war and power shifts in historical cases.
Preparing to Maximise Losers’ Consent in Contested Sovereignty Referendums: The Potential Case of Referendums on Irish Unification
Authors: Garry John , O’Leary Brendan
Published: August 2024

Peaceful transitions in power, after elections or referendums, depend upon the acceptance of the outcomes of the contests by those who have lost – a phenomenon known as ‘losers’ consent’. Achieving losers’ consent is arguably most acute in contested sovereignty referendums. A public opinion strategy is required by those who advocate changing the sovereign status of a territory and who are subject to three constraints: (i) their wish to maximise losers’ consent, (ii) their need to retain their support base, and (iii) their need to persuade undecided voters. The strategy involves generating, based on findings from specially designed studies of public opinion, an optimised version of the alternative to the status quo – and advocating that version before the referendum. The strategy in action is illustrated with potential referendums on Irish unification, a ‘typical’ case because it poses the core challenges – on timing, content and persuasion – addressed by our strategy.
Encountering Bias: Examining Biases and Stereotypes in the Evaluation Process Among Expert Psychologists During Specialization Exams
Authors: Galil Avshalom , Abargil Maayan , Cohen Zahira Ziva , Reizer Abira
Published: August 2024

The study of cognitive biases in job interviews has garnered significant attention due to its far-reaching implications for the economy and society. However, little research has focused on the biases exhibited by expert psychologists serving on psychology specialization examination committees. As such, this study has conducted a comprehensive examination of biases within the specialization exam in Israel. One additional objective of the research is to assess the levels of distress experienced by examinees following the examination. Questionnaires were administered to 418 psychologists participating in the clinical and educational psychology specialization exams. The findings unveiled several noteworthy outcomes. Firstly, several biases were identified, including ethnic stereotypes, biases stemming from cognitive load, and more. Secondly, examinees who presented a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) case experienced a higher failure rate. Thirdly, a positive association was found between exam failure and personal distress and this effect was stronger for educational examinees compared to clinical examinees. The most intriguing discovery was that all biases, without exception, occurred among clinical psychologists, whereas educational psychologists displayed no biases. This outcome contrasted with initial expectations. Consequently, the present study aims to expand the existing knowledge about psychological biases and stereotypes by elucidate the reasons behind this discrepancy between the two disciplines while considering the advantages and disadvantages associated with a sense of “expertise” in the realm of adult diagnostics.
Detection of human movement by combining supervised machine learning and an embroidered textile capacitance sensor
Authors: Kim Ji-seon , Kim Jooyong
Published: August 2024

This study contributes to respiratory pattern detection by introducing a fabric sensor utilizing capacitance measurement and a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm known as an AI-based autoencoder. The sensor, consisting of two embroidered electrodes composed of silver-coated conductive nylon filaments, leverages the body as a dielectric material. In the research, a garment-type respiratory sensor was employed to continuously monitor respiratory data during both static (standing) and dynamic (walking, brisk walking, running) actions. The sparse autoencoder algorithm was particularly employed for individual static and dynamic actions, effectively distinguishing respiratory patterns corresponding to various movements. In addition, the sparse autoencoder helps prevent overfitting, fundamentally minimizing errors between the compression and reconstruction of signals. The maximum number of epochs was set to 2000, and the target error was set at 0.005. All data were compared against the static walking as the training baseline. Ultimately, the root mean squared error (RMSE) between static postures averaged 0.1, while the RMSEs between dynamic actions of walking, brisk walking, and running were 0.61, 0.91, and 2.78, respectively. These results suggest that movement detection through error detection is practically feasible and possesses discernible capabilities.
The Role of Parental Mediation in the Associations Among Cyberbullying Bystanding, Depression, Subjective Health Complaints, and Self-Harm
Authors: Wright Michelle F. , Wachs Sebastian
Published: August 2024

The goal of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of parental mediation in the longitudinal associations among cyberbullying bystanding, depression, subjective health complaints, and self-harm. Participants were 1,067 seventh and eighth graders ( M age = 13.93; 50% female) from the suburbs of a large Midwestern city in the United States. Restrictive parental mediation and instructive parental mediation strategies moderated the relationships examined in this study. Increases in restrictive parental mediation strengthened the association between cyberbullying bystanding and depression, subjective health complaints, and self-harm. High instructive parental mediation weakened these associations. These findings underscore the importance of developing interventions that increase parents’ awareness of how to implement effective parental mediation strategies. Parental intervention programs that focus on parents’ role in mitigating their children’s exposure to cyberbullying and how they can help reduce the associated negative outcomes should be developed.