bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a Perspective on R&D Outsourcing: RBV and Firm Performance
Authors: Fuller Anne W.
Published: May 2018

This paper looks at the vital role of industrial research and development (R&D). The increased outsourcing of industrial R&D is contrasted with a resource-based view of competitive advantage which maintains capabilities that are valuable, rare, imitable, and non-substitutable (VRIN), and should be internalized in the firm. Traditional business formation literature is also supportive of keeping R&D “inhouse”. R&D outsourcing research is leveraged to posit possible reasons for the increased amount of outsourced R&D. Testable propositions are included that look at factors for R&D outsource decisions and also the impact of these decisions on firm performance. An R&D entropy statistic is introduced as well as several R&D characteristics useful in the decision-making process to create R&D.
How Managers Evoke Ambidexterity and Collaboration: A Qualitative Study in a Dutch Hospital
Authors: Koster Ferry , van Bree Gina
Published: May 2018

While many organizations aim at achieving multiple, sometimes contrasting, goals (such as combining innovation with efficiency), not much is known about what managers can do to create organizational ambidexterity. Theory suggests that organizational ambidexterity requires collaboration with organizations and that, in turn, managers can facilitate collaborative relations. Nevertheless, so far, the link between management, collaboration, and ambidexterity has not been fully investigated. We conducted a qualitative study in a Dutch hospital to map this link. The results show that there is evidence for this link. The main conclusion of this study is that managing collaboration and ambidexterity are processes; organizations switch between innovation and exploitation instead of being ambidextrous all the time, managers have an active role in guiding this process by creating collaboration through four distinct mechanisms (discipline, stretch, trust, and support) and ambidexterity in turn strengthens collaboration through increased interdependency.
Vibrational spectra of alkylamino substituted phthalocyanine compounds: Density functional theory calculations
Authors: Chen Xin , Wang Chiming , Chen Yuxiang , Qi Dongdong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: May 2018

The infrared spectra of tetrakis(dibutylamino) phthalocyanine and octakis(dibutylamino) compounds were studied via theoretical investigations. The results reveal deep fusion of the peripheral alkylamino moieties with the phthalocyanine chromophore in the tetrakis(dibutylamino)- but not in the octakis(dibutylamino)-phthalocyanine compounds. The successive localized molecular orbitals (LMO) and bond order analyses give support for the infrared vibrational results.
Categories of Automata and Languages Based on a Complete Residuated Lattice
Authors: Gautam Vinay , Tiwari S. P. , Pal Priyanka , Tripathi Jayanti
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new category of fuzzy automata based on complete residuated lattice. We introduce and study the categorical concepts such as product, equalizer and their duals in this category. Finally, we establish a construction of a minimal fuzzy automaton for a given fuzzy language in a categorical framework. The construction of such fuzzy automaton is based on derivative of a given fuzzy language.
The design of JVM and native libraries in ScalaLab for efficient scientific computation
Authors: Papadimitriou Stergios , Moussiades Lefteris
Published: May 2018

ScalaLab is a MATLAB-like environment for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). ScalaLab is based on the Scala programming language. It utilizes an extensive set of Java and Scala scientific libraries and also has access to many native C/C[Formula: see text] scientific libraries by using mainly the Java Native Interface (JNI).

The performance of the JVM platform is continuously improved at a fast pace. Today JVM can effectively support demanding high-performance computing and scales well on multicore platforms. However, sometimes optimized native C/[Formula: see text] code can yield even better performance, by exploiting low-level programming issues, such as optimization of caches and architecture-dependent instruction sets.

The present work reports some of the experiences that we gained with experiments with both Just in Time (JIT) JVM code and native code. We compare some aspects of Scala and C[Formula: see text] that concern the requirements of scientific computing and highlight some strong features of the Scala language that facilitate the implementation of scientific scripting. This paper describes how ScalaLab tries to combine the best features of the JVM with those of the C/C[Formula: see text] technology, in order to implement an effective scientific computing environment.
Eh?Legalizer
Authors: Darav Nima Karimpour , Bustany Ismail S. , Kennings Andrew , Westwick David , Behjat Laleh
Published: May 2018

The legalization step is performed after global placement where wire length and routability are optimized or during timing optimization where buffer insertion or gate sizing are applied to meet timing requirements. Therefore, an ideal legalization approach must preserve the quality of the input placement in terms of routability, wire length, and timing constraints. These requirements indirectly impose maximum and average cell movement constraints during legalization. In addition, the legalization step should effectively manage white space availability with a highly efficient runtime in order to be used in an iterative process such as timing optimization. In this article, a robust and fast legalization method called Eh?Legalizer for standard-cell placement is presented. Eh?Legalizer legalizes input placements while minimizing the maximum and average cell movements using a highly efficient novel network flow-based approach. In contrast to the traditional network flow-based legalizers, areas with high cell utilizations are effectively legalized by finding several candidate paths and there is no need for a post-process step. The experimental results conducted on several benchmarks show that Eh?Legalizer results in 2.5 times and 3.3 times less the maximum and average cell movement, respectively, while its runtime is significantly (18×) lower compared to traditional legalizers. In addition, the experimental results illustrate the scalability and robustness of Eh?Legalizer with respect to the floorplan complexity. Finally, the detailed-routing results show detailed-routing violations are reduced on average by 23% when Eh?Legalizer is used to generate legal solutions.
UTPlaceF 2.0
Authors: Li Wuxi , Lin Yibo , Li Meng , Dhar Shounak , Pan David Z.
Published: May 2018

Modern field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices contain complex clock architectures on top of configurable logics. Unlike application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), the physical structure of clock networks in an FPGA is pre-manufactured and cannot be adjusted to different applications. Furthermore, clock routing resources are typically limited for high-utilization designs. Consequently, clock architectures impose extra clock constraints and further complicate physical implementation tasks such as placement. Traditional ASIC placement techniques only optimize conventional design metrics such as wirelength, routability, power, and timing without clock legality consideration. It is imperative to have new techniques to honor clock constraints during placement for FPGAs. In this article, we propose a high-performance FPGA placement engine, UTPlaceF 2.0, that optimizes wirelength and routability while honoring complex clock constraints. Our proposed approaches consist of an iterative minimum-cost-flow-based cell assignment as well as a clock-aware packing for producing clock-legal yet high-quality placement solutions. UTPlaceF 2.0 won first place in the ISPD’17 clock-aware FPGA placement contest organized by Xilinx, outperforming the second- and the third-place winners by 4.0% and 10.0%, respectively, in routed wirelength with competitive runtime, on a set of industry benchmarks.
An Integration Flow for Mixed-Critical Embedded Systems on a Flexible Time-Triggered Platform
Authors: Ittershagen Philipp , Grüttner Kim , Nebel Wolfgang
Published: May 2018

The rise of mixed-critical embedded systems imposes novel challenges on the specification, development, and functional validation in a design flow. In the emerging dynamic scheduling context of mixed-criticality platforms, the system behaviour needs to be estimated in an early step in the design flow to assess the integration impact, especially for quality of service-driven, low-critical subsystems. We provide a modelling and integration flow for specifying, estimating, and evaluating software functions, ranging from an initial executable specification to an implementation candidate on an MPSoC. Based on a data-driven model to evaluate dynamic resource consumption effects of high-critical subsystems and the scheduling overhead, we propose a systematic method for constructing workload models of high-critical software components on the target. Our proxies provide an integration environment for low-critical functions by mimicking the high-critical temporal behaviour on the target. By integrating a low-critical video encoding subsystem with a benchmark suite as the high-critical subsystem we show that the performance model allows for evaluating end-to-end execution times in the low-critical function with an average error of 0.37% and the application proxy only introduces a maximum error of 1.14% in a performance evaluation.
A Census of Disease Ontologies
Authors: Haendel Melissa A. , McMurry Julie A. , Relevo Rose , Mungall Christopher J. , Robinson Peter N. , Chute Christopher G.
Published: May 2018

For centuries, humans have sought to classify diseases based on phenotypic presentation and available treatments. Today, a wide landscape of strategies, resources, and tools exist to classify patients and diseases. Ontologies can provide a robust foundation of logic for precise stratification and classification along diverse axes such as etiology, development, treatment, and genetics. Disease and phenotype ontologies are used in four primary ways: ( a) search, retrieval, and annotation of knowledge; ( b) data integration and analysis; ( c) clinical decision support; and ( d) knowledge discovery. Computational inference can connect existing knowledge and generate new insights and hypotheses about drug targets, prognosis prediction, or diagnosis. In this review, we examine the rise of disease and phenotype ontologies and the diverse ways they are represented and applied in biomedicine.
Cortical sources of the auditory attentional blink
Authors: Shen Dawei , Vuvan Dominique T. , Alain Claude
Published: May 2018

Attentional blink (AB) refers to the situation where correctly identifying a target impairs the processing of a subsequent probe in a sequence of stimuli. Although the AB often coincides with a modulation of scalp-recorded cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs), the neural sources of this effect remain unclear. In two separate experiments, we used classical LORETA analysis recursively applied (CLARA) to estimate the neural sources of ERPs elicited by an auditory probe when it immediately followed an auditory target (i.e., AB condition), when no auditory target was present (i.e., no-AB condition), and when the probe followed an auditory target but occurred outside of the AB time window (i.e., no-AB condition). We observed a processing deficit when the probe immediately followed the target, and this auditory AB was accompanied by reduced P3b amplitude. Contrasting brain electrical source activity from the AB and no-AB conditions revealed reduced source activity in the medial temporal region as well as in the temporoparietal junction (extending into inferior parietal lobe), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, and left cerebellum. The results indicate that successful probe identification following a target relies on a widely distributed brain network and further support the suggestion that the auditory AB reflects the failure of the probe to reach short-term consolidation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Within a rapid succession of auditory stimuli, the perception of a predefined target sound often impedes listeners’ ability to detect another target sound that is presented close in succession. This attentional blink may be related to activity in brain areas supporting attention and memory. We show that the auditory attentional blink is associated with brain activity changes in a network including the medial temporal lobe, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. This study suggests that a problem in the interaction between attention and memory underlies the auditory attentional blink.
Learning by heart: cardiac cycle reveals an effective time window for learning
Authors: Waselius Tomi , Wikgren Jan , Halkola Hanna , Penttonen Markku , Nokia Miriam S.
Published: May 2018

Cardiac cycle phase is known to modulate processing of simple sensory information. This effect of the heartbeat on brain function is likely exerted via baroreceptors, the neurons sensitive for changes in blood pressure. From baroreceptors, the signal is conveyed all the way to the forebrain and the medial prefrontal cortex. In the two experiments reported, we examined whether learning, as a more complex form of cognition, can be modulated by the cardiac cycle phase. Human participants ( experiment 1) and rabbits ( experiment 2) were trained in trace eyeblink conditioning while neural activity was recorded. The conditioned stimulus was presented contingently with either the systolic or diastolic phase of the cycle. The tone used as the conditioned stimulus evoked amplified responses in both humans (electroencephalogram from “vertex,” Cz) and rabbits (hippocampal CA1 local field potential) when its onset was timed at systole. In humans, the cardiac cycle phase did not affect learning, but rabbits trained at diastole learned significantly better than those trained at a random phase of the cardiac cycle. In summary, our results suggest that neural processing of external stimuli and also learning can be affected by targeting stimuli on the basis of cardiac cycle phase. These findings might be useful in applications aimed at maximizing or minimizing the effects of external stimulation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has been shown that rapid changes in bodily states modulate neural processing of external stimulus in brain. In this study, we show that modulation of neural processing of external stimulus and learning about it depends on the phase of the cardiac cycle. This is a novel finding that can be applied to optimize associative learning.
Physical-Mechanical Properties and Micromorphology of Calcium Cements Exposed to Polyacrylic and Phosphoric Acids
Authors: de Souza Gustavo Fernandes , Arrais Ana Beatriz , Aragão Cícero Flávio Soares , Ferreira Isana Alvares , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra
Published: May 2018

Objective. To evaluate if physical and mechanical properties of self-curing calcium hydroxide cements were affected by contact with polyacrylic and phosphoric acids. Materials and Methods. Resin-containing (Life (LF)) and resin-free (Hydro C (HyC)) materials were subjected to polyacrylic acid conditioning and rinsing (POL); phosphoric acid conditioning and rinsing (PHO); rinsing only; and no treatment (n=10). Water sorption/solubility, release of hydroxyl ions (pH), roughness (Ra), and impact resistance were evaluated. Additional samples (n=1) were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the surface morphology. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (P<0.05). Results. Water sorption was significantly higher for LF when in contact with PHO and lower for POL (P<0.05). The mean solubility was higher with POL for both cements (P<0.05). PHO increased the mean surface roughness for HyC (P<0.01); a significant decrease was noted for LF after contact with both acids (P<0.01). PHO promoted lower release of hydroxyl ions on both cements (P<0.05). For LF, rinsing, PHO, and POL presented similar morphology, differing from the control group. For HyC, PHO and POL presented similar morphology, differing from the control group. Conclusions. PHO had a negative effect on the physical properties of the cements tested, except for the solubility test. POL affected roughness and solubility of HyC cement. Clinical Relevance. Clinical procedures that require polyacrylic and phosphoric acid conditioning must be done carefully on self-curing calcium hydroxide cements in order to avoid negative impact on their properties.
Kinematic Decoupling Analysis and Design of a Biomimetic Robotic Elbow Joint
Authors: Cui Bingyan , Chen Liwen , Xie Yongtao , Wang Zhijun
Published: May 2018

The research of a biomimetic robotic manipulator is based on the flexible characteristics of the human upper limb joint, and a biomimetic robotic elbow joint plays a very significant role in the kinematic control of the biomimetic robotic manipulator. Most robotic elbow joints encountered today have a common disadvantage of bad neutrality, low rotational capability, and poor biomimetics. To overcome some difficulties, this paper presents a novel biomimetic robotic elbow joint. The structural model of the elbow joint is described, and the position equation is solved. Secondly, the kinematic equation of the elbow joint is established, the kinematic decoupling performance evaluation index of the elbow joint is defined, the kinematic decoupling characteristics of the elbow joint are analyzed, and the kinematic decoupling performance map in the workspace is drawn. Thirdly, using the spatial model theory, the structural parameters of the elbow joint are optimized, the structural parameters are selected by the Monte Carlo method, and the novel biomimetic robotic elbow joint is designed. The analysis results showing the kinematic decoupling performance of the elbow joint are symmetrical and the kinematic decoupling performance decreases with the increase of the angle, and there is a good kinematic decoupling in the workspace of about 35% in the vicinity of the initial position. When the structural parameters of the elbow joint are Re1=90 mm, Re2=70 mm, and Re3=30 mm, the elbow joint has a very good kinematic decoupling. This paper can lay a foundation for further analysis and research of the biomimetic robotic elbow joint.
PTPN12/PTP-PEST Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Ubiquitination and Stability of Focal Adhesion Substrates in Invasive Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Morales John E. , Guerrero Paola A. , Sun Huandong , McCarty Joseph H.
Published: May 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an invasive brain cancer with tumor cells that disperse from the primary mass, escaping surgical resection and invariably giving rise to lethal recurrent lesions. Here we report that PTP-PEST, a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase, controls GBM cell invasion by physically bridging the focal adhesion protein Crk-associated substrate (Cas) to valosin-containing protein (Vcp), an ATP-dependent protein segregase that selectively extracts ubiquitinated proteins from multiprotein complexes and targets them for degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Both Cas and Vcp are substrates for PTP-PEST, with the phosphorylation status of tyrosine 805 (Y805) in Vcp impacting affinity for Cas in focal adhesions and controlling ubiquitination levels and protein stability. Perturbing PTP-PEST–mediated phosphorylation of Cas and Vcp led to alterations in GBM cell-invasive growth in vitro and in preclinical mouse models. Collectively, these data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving PTP-PEST, Vcp, and Cas that dynamically balances phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of key focal proteins involved in GBM cell invasion.

Significance: PTP-PEST balances GBM cell growth and invasion by interacting with the ATP-dependent ubiquitin segregase Vcp/p97 and regulating phosphorylation and stability of the focal adhesion protein p130Cas.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/14/3809/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3809–22. ©2018 AACR.
FDA's Approval of the First Biosimilar to Bevacizumab
Authors: Casak Sandra J. , Lemery Steven J. , Chung Jee , Fuchs Chana , Schrieber Sarah J. , Chow Edwin C.Y. , Yuan Weishi , Rodriguez Lisa , Gwise Thomas , Rowzee Anne , Lim Sue , Keegan Patricia , McKee Amy E. , Pazdur Richard
Published: May 2018

Passage of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 created an abbreviated licensure pathway for biosimilar products. The FDA approved ABP215 (MVASI, bevacizumab-awwb; Amgen) as a biosimilar to U.S.-licensed Avastin (bevacizumab; Genentech) based on an extensive comparative analytic characterization, data obtained in a pharmacokinetic similarity study in healthy subjects, and a comparative clinical study in patients with non–small cell lung cancer. The totality of the evidence for biosimilarity supported extrapolation of the data to support licensure as a biosimilar for other approved indications of U.S.-licensed Avastin, without the need of additional clinical studies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4365–70. ©2018 AACR.
Human Platelet Antigens in Brazilian Multiethnic Populations: Occurrence of Regional Variation and Frequency in a Large Urban Center (Belo Horizonte)
Authors: Silva-Malta Maria Clara Fernandes , de Oliveira Lucas Gabriel Tavares , Barreiros Luísa Ferreira , do Amaral Dilson Rocha , Martins Marina Lobato
Published: May 2018

Background: The frequency of human platelet antigens (HPA) varies according to ethnicity, which causes differences in the morbidity of alloimmune and autoimmune thrombocytopenic disorders in different populations. Studies on HPA frequencies in Brazil have reported differences among Brazilian populations produced by the diverse degrees of admixture throughout the country. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the variation of HPA distribution in Brazil, compared with worldwide populations, and describe the frequencies of HPA-1, -2, -3, -5, and -15 in a large urban center in Southern Brazil (Belo Horizonte) based on a sample of blood donors. Results: The principal component analysis and the dendrogram based on genetic distance revealed a clear relationship between Brazilian populations and the groups formed by European and African populations. The coefficients of variation for HPA allele frequencies suggest that Brazilian populations presented variations for HPA alleles comparable with the populations from continental groups. In Belo Horizonte, the allele a frequencies for HPA-1, -2, -3, -5 and -15 were 0.8575, 0.8400, 0.6225, 0.8525 and 0.5825 respectively. The genotypes with higher frequencies were a/a (72-74%), except for HPA-3 and -15, whose heterozygous a/b genotypes were shown to be more prevalent (43.5 and 44.5%, respectively). Conclusion: We confirmed the heterogeneity of HPA antigens in Brazilian populations, reinforcing the importance of HPA panels composed of regional blood donors, or a national panel that contemplates the specificities of the different regions of the country, in order to provide support in platelet transfusions and to minimize the risks associated with HPA alloimmunization. The evaluation of HPA data from Belo Horizonte represents the initial step toward the development of a genotyped platelet donor registry in order to treat HPA alloimmunized patients in this region.
Prognostic Value of Phosphotyrosine Phosphatases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhangyuan Guangyan , Yin Yin , Zhang Wenjie , Yu WeiWei , Jin Kangpeng , Wang Fei , Huang Ruyi , Shen Haiyuan , Wang Xiaochen , Sun Beicheng
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: During the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are usually described as tumor suppressors or proto-oncogenes, and to some degree are correlated with the prognosis of HCC. Methods: A total of 321 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 180 patients from our validated cohort with hepatocellular carcinoma were recruited in this study. Kaplan-Meier, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the risk factors for survival. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to detect the expression levels of PTP genes. Results: After screening the data of TCGA, we identified five PTPs as HCC overall survival related PTP genes, among which only three (PTPN12, PTPRN, PTPN18) exhibited differential expression levels in our 180 paired HCC and adjacent tissues (P< 0.001). Further analysis revealed that expression of PTPN18 was positively, but PTPRN was negatively associated with prognosis of HCC both in TCGA cohort and our own cohort. As to PTPN12, results turned out to be opposite according to HBV status. In detail, higher expression of PTPN12 was associated with better outcome in HBV group but worse prognosis in Non-HBV group. Conclusion: Our results suggested that PTPN12, PTPRN and PTPN18 were independent prognostic factors in HCC.
Clinical Implications of Ablation of Drivers for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Baykaner Tina , Rogers Albert J. , Meckler Gabriela L. , Zaman Junaid , Navara Rachita , Rodrigo Miguel , Alhusseini Mahmood , Kowalewski Christopher A.B. , Viswanathan Mohan N. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Clopton Paul , Wang Paul J. , Heidenreich Paul A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The outcomes from pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) are suboptimal, but the benefits of additional lesion sets remain unproven. Recent studies propose ablation of AF drivers improves outcomes over PVI, yet with conflicting reports in the literature. We undertook a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine outcomes from ablation of AF drivers in addition to PVI or as a stand-alone procedure.

Methods:

Database search was done using the terms atrial fibrillation and ablation or catheter ablation and driver or rotor or focal impulse or FIRM (Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation). We pooled data using random effects model and assessed heterogeneity with I
2
statistic.

Results:

Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria, in a cohort size of 3294 patients. Adding AF driver ablation to PVI reported freedom from AF of 72.5% (confidence interval [CI], 62.1%–81.8%;
P
<0.01) and from all arrhythmias of 57.8% (CI, 47.5%–67.7%;
P
<0.01). AF driver ablation when added to PVI or as stand-alone procedure compared with controls produced an odds ratio of 3.1 (CI, 1.3–7.7;
P
=0.02) for freedom from AF and an odds ratio of 1.8 (CI, 1.2–2.7;
P
<0.01) for freedom from all arrhythmias in 4 controlled studies. AF termination rate was 40.5% (CI, 30.6%–50.9%) and predicted favorable outcome from ablation(
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:

In controlled studies, the addition of AF driver ablation to PVI supports the possible benefit of a combined approach of AF driver ablation and PVI in improving single-procedure freedom from all arrhythmias. However, most studies are uncontrolled and are limited by substantial heterogeneity in outcomes. Large multicenter randomized trials are needed to precisely define the benefits of adding driver ablation to PVI.
Development of activity rates in fledgling songbirds: when do young birds begin to behave like adults?
Authors: Jones Todd M. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Ward Michael P.
Published: May 2018

Logistical and technological limitations have constrained the characterization of behavioural development in songbirds, particularly during the post-fledging period. Recently, advances in radio-telemetry technology — automated radio-telemetry systems (ARTS) capable of recording continuous, high-resolution spatial-temporal data on radio-tagged birds — have opened the door to more comprehensive examinations of fledgling behaviour. We examined development of activity rates (number of times a bird was determined to have moved per number of detections, per hour) in fledgling Dickcissels using ARTS established at two grassland sites in east-central Illinois, USA. Specifically, we described general patterns of fledgling activity rates and determined the age at which fledglings began exhibiting activity rates like adults. We found that juveniles decreased activity rates immediately following fledging, likely to avoid detection by snakes and other predators, but increased activity levels throughout the rest of the post-fledging period. Peak hours of fledgling activity occurred around 0700 and 1800 h for all ages, with consistently low activity rates at night. On average, fledglings began exhibiting adult-like activity rates approximately 22 days after fledging, around roughly the same time they stopped being fed by adults. While our study provides important insights into development of fledgling behaviour in the Dickcissel, it remains unclear how patterns of behavioural development vary within and among species.
The “Law” of Uneven and Combined Development: Part 1
Authors: Davidson Neil
Published: May 2018

Since the 1990s there has been an upsurge of academic interest in Trotsky’s concept of uneven and combined development, but relatively little attention has been paid to its intellectual antecedents. This first of two articles will reconstruct the sources and components of uneven and combined development, in particular the strategy of permanent revolution, the conditions for which it was intended as an explanation, and the theory of uneven development, which Trotsky had to extend in order to provide that explanation. The article moves between the concepts of permanent revolution and uneven development, tracing their historical development from emergence in the eighteenth century until the era of the first Russian Revolution. By this point a relationship between the two had begun to be established by Marxists on the centre and left of the Second International, and in turn made possible the formulation of the “law” of uneven and combined development, which will be discussed in the second article.
Second-step lectotypification of the name Capparis parviflora J. D. Hooker & Thomson (Capparaceae)
Authors: KOTTAIMUTHU RAMALINGAM
Published: May 2018

The genus Capparis Linnaeus (1753: 503) has about 600 species (Zhang & Tucker 2008), distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and some in temperate regions (Fisci 2015). There are 30 species of Capparis in India (Viswanathan 2000), of these Capparis fusifera Dunn (1914: 377), Capparis grandiflora Wallich ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson (1872: 174), Capparis kollimalayana M.B. Viswanathan (2000: 245), Capparis nilgirinesis Subba Rao, Kumari & V. Chandras. (1981: 146), and Capparis rheedii Candolle (1824: 246) are endemic to Peninsular India (Sundararaghavan, 1993, Singh et al. 2015).
Teucrium chowii Y.H.Tong & N.H.Xia, a new name to replace T. integrifolium C.Y.Wu & S.Chow
Authors: TONG YIHUA , CHEN FENGLIN , RAN JINGCHENG , BAI LIN , XIA NIANHE
Published: May 2018

Teucrium Linnaeus (1753: 562), with about 250–260 species, is one of the largest genera of subfamily Ajugoideae, Lamiaceae (Li & Hedge 1994, Harley et al. 2004). The Mediterranean basin is the diversity center of this genus, where ca. 250 species are distributed (Harley et al. 2004, Ozcan et al. 2015). Teucrium can be easily distinguished from other members of Lamiaceae by a lack of corolla upper lip and nongynobasic style (Li & Hedge 1994, Ozcan et al. 2015). Recent phylogenetic research revealed that Teucrium was not monophyletic, as several small genera were nested within it, such as Teucridium Hooker (1853: 203), Spartothamnella Briquet (1895: 161) and Oncinocalyx Muelle (1883: 69) (Salmaki et al. 2016).
Exploring the Climatic Response to Wide Variations in Ocean Heat Transport on an Aquaplanet
Authors: Rencurrel M. Cameron , Rose Brian E. J.
Published: May 2018

The climatic impact of ocean heat transport (OHT) is studied in a series of idealized aquaplanet climate model experiments. OHT is prescribed through a simple geometrical formula spanning a wide variety of amplitudes and meridional extents. Calculations with a comprehensive GCM are compared against a simple diffusive energy balance model (EBM). The GCM response differs from the EBM in several important ways that illustrate linkages between atmospheric dynamics and radiative processes. Increased OHT produces global mean warming at a rate of 2 K PW−1 OHT across 30° and a strong reduction in meridional temperature gradient. The tropics remain nearly isothermal despite locally large imposed ocean heat uptake. The warmer climate features reduced equatorial convection, moister subtropics, reduced cloudiness, and partial but incomplete compensation in atmospheric heat transport. Many of these effects are linked to a weakened Hadley circulation. Both the warming pattern and hydrological changes differ strongly from those driven by CO2. Similar results are found at 0° and 23.45° obliquity. It is argued that clouds, rather than clear-sky radiative processes, are principally responsible for the global warming and tropical thermostat effects. Cloud changes produce warming in all cases, but the degree of warming depends strongly on the meridional extent of OHT. The strongest warming occurs in response to mid- to high-latitude OHT convergence, which produces widespread loss of boundary layer clouds. Temperature responses to increased OHT are quantitatively reproduced in the EBM by imposing GCM-derived cloud radiative effects as additional forcing.
Thermal properties of autoclave and out-of-autoclave carbon fiber-epoxy composites with different fiber weave configurations
Authors: Joven Ronald , Minaie Bob
Published: May 2018

Thermal expansion, specific heat, diffusivity, and conductivity of carbon fiber-epoxy composites were studied using autoclave and out-of-autoclave prepregs with three different fabric weaves including unidirectional, eight-harness satin, and plain weave. For this purpose, light flash analysis was utilized where the implications of using anisotropic materials were studied. Results indicated that density, thermal expansion, conductivity, and diffusivity were strongly influenced by the fiber configuration of the sample. This phenomenon was attributed to the difference in fiber volume fraction induced by the different weaves of the fabric. Nevertheless, specific heat was similar for all the samples regardless of fabric type or resin formulation. Finally, thermal properties of tetrafluoroethylene release film were presented to analyze the tool-part heat transfer during manufacturing. This release film showed thermal conductivity three times lower than carbon fiber-epoxy samples indicating that the film could be an important contributor to thermal lag between tool and part.
Hedging for Better Bets: Power Shifts, Credible Signals, and Preventive Conflict
Authors: Yoder Brandon K.
Published: May 2018

How can declining states reliably infer the intentions of rising states? One prominent line of argument maintains that because declining states face intractable uncertainty about rising states’ future intentions, preventive war is often unavoidable even between states with truly compatible goals. This article presents a dynamic model of reassurance in which actors are uncertain whether or not their interests conflict. The model shows that by adopting a hedging strategy of limited containment short of war, declining states can reduce risers’ incentives to send dishonest cooperative signals. This, in turn, makes cooperation more credible as a signal of risers’ benign intentions. Moreover, these signals are sufficiently informative to dissuade the decliner from escalating to preventive war even under large power shifts. Thus, although power shifts promote limited competition among states with compatible goals, preventive war rationally occurs only in a bargaining context when the riser’s goals are known to be incompatible.
H∞ control for a class of continuous-time switched systems with state constraints via a mode-dependent switching method
Authors: Su Qingyu , Zhu Haichao , Li Jian
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the H∞ control problem for linear state-constrained switched systems via the improved mode-dependent average dwell time method is investigated. Using this proposed method, which considers different decay rates of a Lyapunov function related to an active subsystem on the basis of whether there is saturation or not, the resulting minimum admissible mode-dependent average dwell time is smaller than that of the traditional average dwell time method, which assumes a constant decay rate, regardless of whether there is saturation or not. Thus, this method is less conservative than the traditional average dwell time method. In addition, this paper outlines the design of the state feedback controller of the switched systems, which guarantees that the closed-loop linear state-constrained switched system is globally asymptotically stable and obtains a weighted L2 gain. The availability and applicability of the proposed method are shown by the application of a boost converter.
Perceived parental psychological control and school learned helplessness: The role of frustration intolerance as a mediator factor
Authors: Filippello Pina , Harrington Neil , Costa Sebastiano , Buzzai Caterina , Sorrenti Luana
Published: May 2018

The present study aims to investigate the relation between perceived parental psychological control, school learned helplessness and mastery orientation, and also to test frustration intolerance as a mediator in the relation between perceived psychological control and school learned helplessness. The sample consisted of 214 (86 male and 128 female) high school students with an age range between 17- and 19- years ( M = 18.20; DS = 0.98). Results indicated that maternal psychological control positively predicts frustration intolerance, and that in turn, frustration intolerance positively predicts school learned helplessness. Furthermore, there was a significant indirect effect of frustration intolerance in the link between maternal psychological control and school learned helplessness, pointing to an important mediating role for frustration intolerance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Power in Being Yourself: Feeling Authentic Enhances the Sense of Power
Authors: Gan Muping , Heller Daniel , Chen Serena
Published: May 2018

Across five experiments (total N = 715), we propose that people can gain a subjective sense of power by being authentic—in other words, state authenticity breeds power. Supporting this, participants reported feeling more powerful when they visualized themselves behaving authentically versus inauthentically (Study 1), or recalled a time when they felt authentic versus inauthentic (Studies 2-4). Studies 3 and 4 revealed that authenticity (vs. inauthenticity) likely drives the authenticity-to-power effect. Finally, Study 5 showed that perceivers infer others’ power and make important downstream judgments (i.e., likelihood of being an effective negotiator and leader), based on others’ authenticity. Importantly, our findings could not be explained by positive affect or by preexisting power differences, and held across diverse situations (e.g., those absent of social pressure). Implications for state authenticity as a strategic means to attain power and for understanding its dynamic nature and effects are discussed.
How Do Emotional Closeness and Support From Parents Relate to Israeli and German Students’ Life Satisfaction?
Authors: Bar-Tur Liora , Ifrah Kfir , Moore Dahlia , Kamin Stefan T. , Lang Frieder R.
Published: May 2018

This study explores the relationships of adult children with their parents, and their impact on the child’s life satisfaction, in Israel and in Germany. Structural equation models tested three types of parental support (practical, emotional, and advice) and emotional closeness as predictors of the child’s life satisfaction. Israeli students aged 21 to 40 years ( N = 590) reported significantly more frequent social support and a higher degree of emotional closeness with their mothers than German students of the same age-group ( N = 535). Differences between the Israeli and German samples were evident in the association of fathers’ support and the child’s emotional closeness. Significant positive associations were found between the degree of emotional closeness with mothers and fathers and the child’s life satisfaction in both Israel and Germany. These findings suggest that emotional closeness continues to play an essential and universal role in the relationships between adult children and their parents.
Applying a holistic cybersecurity framework for global IT organizations
Authors: Dawson Maurice
Published: May 2018

Examined are the three core themes: the role of education in cybersecurity, the role of technology in cybersecurity, and the role of policy in cybersecurity. These topics are essential for organizations seeking to establish environments that allow them to be successful irregardless of location while examining external and internal conditions. This study examined the research gaps within cybersecurity as it relates to core themes in an effort to develop stronger policies, education programs, and hardened technologies for cybersecurity use. This work illustrates how cybersecurity can be broken into these three core areas and used together to address issues such as developing training environments for teaching real cybersecurity events. It will further show the correlations between technologies and policies for system Certification and Accreditation. Finally, it will offer insights on how cybersecurity can be used to maintain wirelessly security for international and national security for global organizations.
Therapeutic hypothermia promotes cerebral blood flow recovery and brain homeostasis after resuscitation from cardiac arrest in a rat model
Authors: Wang Qihong , Miao Peng , Modi Hiren R , Garikapati Sahithi , Koehler Raymond C , Thakor Nitish V
Published: May 2018

Laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated that therapeutic hypothermia (TH), when applied as soon as possible after resuscitation from cardiac arrest (CA), results in better neurological outcome. This study tested the hypothesis that TH would promote cerebral blood flow (CBF) restoration and its maintenance after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from CA. Twelve Wistar rats resuscitated from 7-min asphyxial CA were randomized into two groups: hypothermia group (7 H, n = 6), treated with mild TH (33–34℃) immediately after ROSC and normothermia group (7 N, n = 6,37.0 ± 0.5℃). Multiple parameters including mean arterial pressure, CBF, electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. The neurological outcomes were evaluated using electrophysiological (information quantity, IQ, of EEG) methods and a comprehensive behavior examination (neurological deficit score, NDS). TH consistently promoted better CBF restoration approaching the baseline levels in the 7 H group as compared with the 7 N group. CBF during the first 5–30 min post ROSC of the two groups was 7 H:90.5% ± 3.4% versus 7 N:76.7% ± 3.5% ( P < 0.01). Subjects in the 7 H group showed significantly better IQ scores after ROSC and better NDS scores at 4 and 24 h. Early application of TH facilitates restoration of CBF back to baseline levels after CA, which in turn results in the restoration of brain electrical activity and improved neurological outcome.
Spatializing the intergenerational transmission of inequalities: Parental wealth, residential segregation, and urban inequality
Authors: Hochstenbach Cody
Published: May 2018

Young adults in many contexts struggle on the housing market. Parental support has become increasingly important in allowing young adults to enter homeownership or to acquire secure housing in general. Consequently, the intergenerational transmission of inequalities has become more pronounced with regard to housing. Using longitudinal individual-level register data from Statistics Netherlands, this paper investigates how and to what extent parental wealth background is associated with socio-spatial inequalities and residential segregation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Results show that spatial segregation based on parental wealth is strong. Parental wealth background has notable spatial consequences, as it both deepens existing socio-spatial divides and establishes new ones. The influence of parental wealth background on socio-spatial divides is stronger in Amsterdam than in Rotterdam, suggesting that especially in the high demand Amsterdam housing context, young adults may need to draw on parental resources to outcompete other households and/or to acquire housing in expensive areas.
Duplicitous Freedom: Moral and Material Care Work in Anti-Trafficking Rescue and Rehabilitation
Authors: Shih Elena
Published: May 2018

Contemporary anti-trafficking narratives exemplify the centrality of family unaccountability as one of the root causes of sex trafficking. Suggesting that human trafficking can be explained by bad family values, or cultural norms that consider girl children to be disposable, facilitates the heroic, paternalist, and “caring” interventions that have now been well-documented by activists and scholars of trafficking. Focusing on the family, these references also expose two conflicting modes of care work that are implicated in contemporary anti-trafficking activism. Building on an extensive scholarship on care work, which has rarely been read alongside critical human trafficking scholarship, this article asks how human trafficking rescue programs expose disparate types of care work deeply connected to sexual commerce. Extending Rhacel Parreñas’ typology of moral and material care work of Filipina migrant domestic workers, this article argues that the shifting contexts of gendered care work under conditions of global migration, development, and humanitarianism, require an acknowledgment of how the moral care work involved in global “anti-trafficking” rescue performed mainly by first world women operates in opposition to the material care work of supporting families and households performed by migrant sex workers who are being rescued. As an additional articulation of material care work, global sex worker activists have also expressed how care work is a vital component of the labor relations of sex work itself—as a way to call for its recognition as a form of labor.
Object-Based Attention on Social Units: Visual Selection of Hands Performing a Social Interaction
Authors: Yin Jun , Xu Haokui , Duan Jipeng , Shen Mowei
Published: May 2018

Traditionally, objects of attention are characterized either as full-fledged entities or either as elements grouped by Gestalt principles. Because humans appear to use social groups as units to explain social activities, we proposed that a socially defined group, according to social interaction information, would also be a possible object of attentional selection. This hypothesis was examined using displays with and without handshaking interactions. Results demonstrated that object-based attention, which was measured by an object-specific attentional advantage (i.e., shorter response times to targets on a single object), was extended to two hands performing a handshake but not to hands that did not perform meaningful social interactions, even when they did perform handshake-like actions. This finding cannot be attributed to the familiarity of the frequent co-occurrence of two handshaking hands. Hence, object-based attention can select a grouped object whose parts are connected within a meaningful social interaction. This finding implies that object-based attention is constrained by top-down information.
A multiplicative eigenvalues perturbation and its application to natural frequency assignment in undamped second-order systems
Authors: Araújo José Mário , Santos Tito
Published: May 2018

In this article, a novel theorem for eigenvalue perturbation inspired by the results of Brauer is introduced. The new result is valid for single and multiple eigenvalue perturbations, with preservation—no spillover of the remaining spectrum. An application of the proposed results is given since the model updating and the partial eigenvalue assignment problems for second-order linear dynamics have gained crescent attention in the last decades. Furthermore, its effectiveness is illustrated with numerical examples.