bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping biological control research: A systematic review of 20 years of research in Indonesia
Authors: Novita R , Buchori D , Istiaji B , Seminar AU
Published: January 2023

Biological control research in Indonesia has a long history since it was started by Dutch scientists more than 100 years ago. Currently, the number of research has arisen, but there has been no systematic analysis of how this research produces technology that can be practiced in the field. This analysis is essential since it provides baseline information about biocontrol research and provides future research direction. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of biocontrol research conducted in Indonesia over the past 20 years. All articles were obtained from various databases using keywords related to biocontrol. A total of 437 articles were analyzed. We focussed our research on predators and parasitoids and found 269 articles related to parasitoids and predators. We found that biocontrol research in Indonesia was dominated by research on insect pathogens. Further analyses showed that research on identification and biology dominated most of the studies on predators and parasitoids. Almost all the research that was conducted addressed the basic biology of different types of natural enemies for different crops’ pests but has not addressed the full-scale host-parasitoid research that is needed to develop natural enemies that are ready to be released on a large scale. Four natural enemies have been reported in large-scale applications:Anagyrus lopezi, Lanius schach,Trichogrammaspp., andTetrastichus brontispae.There is limited research on the mass release of parasitoids or predators in the field. Most of the research on releases was focussed on the short-term establishment without long-term evaluation and measure of success. It leads to a knowledge gap in biological control research and should become one of the future research directions.
Mealybug (Planococcus spp. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a pest on plantation crops and its control techniques: A review
Authors: Puspitasari M , Susilawati S , Hapsari A D , Harni R
Published: January 2023

Plantation crops such as coffee and cacao are significant commodities that contribute to Indonesia’s national income through exports to other countries. However, pest infestations in the field reduce coffee and cacao production with the mealybug orPlanococcusspp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) being one of the pests that cause losses in both crops. The objective of this research was to carry out a desk review of the importance of controllingPlanococcusspp. in plantation crops, especially coffee and cacao. These insects infest the stems, undersides of leaves, and fruit. The population ofPlanococcusspp. can increase rapidly in a short period. The destructive stages of this insect are the nymph and adult suck plant sap hence inhibiting the development of the infested plant.P. citriandP. minorare species commonly found in plantation crops. Male insects have a life cycle of up to 27 days, while females have up to 115 days.Planococcusspp. produces a small amount of honeydew which attracts ants. Losses caused by this pest in plantation crops can reach 80-100% at the nursery. Damages can be higher if the pests are associated with ants such asAnoplolepis longipesbecause it will help spread the mealybug. In addition, the honeydew, excretion of mealybugs causes sooty mold and interferes with the photosynthesis process of plants. Cultural management can reduce the presence of these pests in the field. The strategies to control the pest in coffee and cacao plantations include; maintaining natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids, biological control such as entomopathogenic fungi and liquified smoke sprays, pheromones and botanical pesticides from plants containing repellents.
Trichoderma yunnanense and T. asperellum as potential biological agents for control of basal stem rot disease in oil palm
Authors: Budi M B S , Giyanto  , Tondok E T
Published: January 2023

Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease is a main constrain in oil palm cultivation. Ganoderma boninense is known as a causal agent of this disease. The intensity of BSR disease continues to increase in both the vegetative and generative phases of oil palm plantations and causes significant losses. Biological control is one of the BSR disease control techniques and is believed to be able to support sustainable oil palm cultivation. Trichoderma spp. is a group of fungal biological agents commonly used to control BSR disease. This study aims to obtain Trichoderma spp. isolates to be developed further as biocontrol agents for BSR disease. The research stages included isolation, morphology-based identification, antagonist potency testing, characterization, and identification with molecular technique. The results in this research obtained one isolate of Trichoderma strain TSU from oil palm plantation at Pematang Siantar Regency, and one isolate of Trichoderma strain TGLP from oil palm plantation at Musi Banyu Asin Regency, which inhibited the growth of G. boninense was 90.9 and 93.9% respectively through dual culture test. Inhibition tests by volatile compounds showed growth inhibition of G. boninense by both isolates were 55.2 and 70.6%. Both Trichoderma strains have the characteristics of producing chitinase, glucanase, and indole acetic acid. Furthermore, molecular identification showed that the Trichoderma strain TSU was similar to the Trichoderma yunnanense strain CBS121219 with an identity percentage of 99.11%, and Trichoderma TGLP as Trichoderma asperellum strain 1A4 with a percent identity of 99.65%. With their antagonistic ability and characteristics, the two Trichoderma spp. isolates have the potential to be further developed as biological agents for controlling BSR caused by G. boninense.
Attractiveness preferences of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. to different composition volatile organic compounds of female inflorescence on clay, sandy, and peat soil type
Authors: Lubis F I , Agustin I , Mailisa I , Putra G I S , Taufiq  , Damayani C P , Lestari D T
Published: January 2023

Preference of pollination insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. to the female inflorescence of oil palms influenced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the receptive flowers. VOCs, one factor of the pollination process, need more intensive research to escalate the production value of oil palm, such as fruit set. However, some cases occur in the suboptimal area where pollination is un-optimal. This research aims to study the E. kamerunicus preferences for different VOCs composition from female inflorescence on clay, sandy, and peat soil type. This study used a modified olfactometer as the test equipment. The extraction VOCs of female inflorescence on three different soil types used the maceration method and was analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. The percentage of attraction E. kamerunicus preference to female inflorescence on clay, sandy, and peat soil types were 40%, 33%, and 24%. GC-MS analysis results showed that VOCs were only detected on clay soil types with a content of 1.11%, known as an attractant, namely Benzene, 1-methoxy-4 (2-Propenyl). It can affect the variation of preference of E. kamerunicus to the female inflorescence.
Parasitoids associated to Ophelimus eucalypti (gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plantations in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Anisa R P , Hidayat P , Buchori D , Pratyadhiraksana G , Abad J I M , de S Tavares W , Tarigan M
Published: January 2023

Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) is planted to produce materials such as paper, pulp, viscose, and wood. The eucalyptus gall wasp, Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), induces the formation of galls on the leaves of Eucalyptus in North Sumatra, Indonesia. However, the identity of parasitoids associated with O. eucalypti in the field is poorly known. The study aimed to identify the parasitoids and their most prevalent species associated with O. eucalypti. Leaves of Eucalyptus with parasitized galls were sampled from January to October 2021 at Toba, North Tapanuli, and Samosir districts, North Sumatra. The collected material was incubated in the laboratory until gall wasp adults for its parasitoids emerged. Nine hymenopteran parasitoids of O. eucalypti were recovered and identified via analysis of the external morphology. They are Aprostocetus causalis La Salle & Wu, Aprostocetus Westwood sp., Chrysonotomyia germanica Erdös, Chrysonotomyia Ashmead sp. 1, Chrysonotomyia sp. 2, Closterocerus chamaeleon Westwood (Eulophidae), Eurytoma Illiger sp. (Eurytomidae), Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle and Tetrastichinae sp. (Eulophidae). The prevalence of Chrysonotomyia spp. parasitoid was the highest in the collection. Therefore, those parasitoids can be considered potential candidates as biological agents in the strategy to control the leaf-gall former O. eucalypti.
Analysis of area typology and stakeholders’ interaction in the sustainable food agricultural land (SFAL) policy implementation
Authors: Wicaksono A , Prihatin SM , Purbawa Y
Published: January 2023

The sustainable food agriculture land (SFAL) policy has been considered too difficult to be implemented at the local government level. This policy is ignored by the pressure on space requirements for profits to pursue higher local own-source revenue. There have been numerous previous qualitative studies on this policy implementation, yet little is known about the interaction of stakeholders who play a role in implementing this policy. We selected the East Java Province as the case study because it has the most extensive rice fields among other provinces, and its’ rice productivity level is above the national average. This paper aims to map the area’s potential for SFAL implementation and identify the interaction among the stakeholders behind the policy implementation using Mactor analysis. The analysis of area typology divides five regional types based on their ability to provide SFAL, and the municipalities tend to have less potential for SFAL implementation. The stakeholders’ interaction analysis results show the most substantial convergent interaction between farmers and Agricultural Office in both sample locations. In contrast, farmers established the most substantial divergent interaction with local leaders in Jember Regency, farmers with housing developers, and farmers with Regional Revenue Office in Lamongan Regency. The local leader in both locations shows the highest index of ambivalent stakeholders. In conclusion, the implementation of the SFAL policy heavily relies on the political will of the local leader. This study suggests that the local government as the policymaker needs to design the policies for determining the agricultural land that has added value besides its’ crop to protect the farmers’ interest amid the SFAL implementation.
Analysis of land cover change impacts on landscape services quality in Cisadane Watershed, Tangerang City
Authors: Qisthina N , Kaswanto RL , Arifin HS
Published: January 2023

The increase in population and development in Tangerang City has caused impacts on environmental degradation. Tangerang City, located inside the Cisadane Watershed, is also affected by land cover changes, and decreasing landscape services value. The research aims to determine land cover changes from 2010 to 2020, changes in landscape services quality, and provide recommendations for management strategies for Cisadane Watershed in Tangerang City based on landscape services. The five indicators for landscape services assessment are carbon stock, biodiversity, landscape beautification, water management, and climate amelioration. The methods are field survey, remote sensing approach using Landsat Imagery, and SWOT analysis through stakeholder interviews. According to the findings, land cover has changed by 14.28% over the last ten years. The largest increase in land cover occurred in mixed gardens, while the agricultural field had the largest decrease. There is a decrease in five types of landscape services and showed less good condition quality. SWOT analysis indicates that the management of Cisadane Watershed in Tangerang City is in the “hold and maintain” position. The main strategy recommended is Penta helix management between Academician, Businessman, Community, Government, and Mass-media. Their collaboration may result in mutually beneficial policies that would help realize a sustainable landscape.
Treatment of plant growth regulating substance and modification of growing media to stimulate flowering of bougainvillea in air polluted streetscape
Authors: Ilham Alif Muhammad , Nasrullah Nizar
Published: January 2023

Bougainvillea is a flowering shrub that has a robust and attractive character to use as road greenery. This plant can be used in a median and roadside for beautification, comfort, and safety of the road. However, it was unclear if the bougainvillea adapts to growth and produces enough flowers under the influence of air pollution in the road environment. This study aimed to determine the paclobutrazol concentration and the gravel thickness, which can stimulate the flowering of bougainvillea on the roadside. The experiment used a factorial randomized block design that consisted of two factors with three replications. The thickness of gravel media consisted of 0 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm, and plant growth regulating substance of paclobutrazol concentration consisted of 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 200 ppm. The study showed that the fastest and most generated flowers were found in the treatment of gravel media as thick as 10 cm and paclobutrazol with a concentration of 200 ppm
The Chromosome of Phalaenopsis spp. and Doritaenopsis sp. Hybrid Induced by Colchicine
Authors: Hartati Sri , Samanhudi  , Cahyono Ongko , Wibowo Agung , Herviana Atria
Published: January 2023

One way to improve the genetic diversity of orchid plants is by polyploidization using the antimitotic compound colchicine. This research was conducted to determine the ploidy level in several types of hybrid orchids (Phalaenopsis spp. and Doritaenopsis sp.) that applied 1,000 mgL−1 colchicine and to obtain polyploidy orchid yields to improve the genetic diversity of orchid plants. This research was carried out on August 2021 - March 2022 in the Screen House Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sebelas Maret and Integrated Laboratory Universitas Sebelas Maret. The method of this research uses squash preparation for chromosome analysis with the preparation materials used the meristematic flower bud of Phalaenopsis Shu Long ‘TS2904’, Phalaenopsis Chain Xen Moment, and Doritaenopsis Shu Long Purple Queen x OX King ‘3545’ which were not treated and has been treated with 1,000 mgL−1 colchicine. Orchid varieties that used as samples were three samples, then each sample had two treatments and was replication two times. There are twelve samples in all. The application of colchicine was made by wetting a cotton swab with 1 ml of colchicine solution in each treatment. Then the buds are wrapped with cotton and covered with carbon paper outside for two days. The results of this research showed that the Phalaenopsis Shu Long ‘TS2904’, Phalaenopsis Chain Xen Moment, and Doritaenopsis Shu Long Purple Queen x OX King ‘3545’ orchids which were treated with 1,000 mgL−1 colchicine each underwent polyploidization into tetraploid with the number of chromosomes 2n = 4x = 76. Phalaenopsis Shu Long ‘TS2904’, Phalaenopsis Chain Xen Moment, and Doritaenopsis Shu Long Purple Queen x OX King ‘3545’ have a relative length chromosome length, and have the same chromosome shape, namely metacentric.
Analysis of performance and agriculture-education-ecotourism (Agri-Edu-Ecotourism) development potential of Koto Kandis irrigation area, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province
Authors: Mahir Rachman Latief , Abrarinef Okhi , Darma Tarigan Suria
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated the performance, efficiency, and effectiveness of the Kota Kandis Irrigation Area (KKIA) secondary irrigation network and the KKIA potential for agriculture, education, and ecotourism (Agri-Edu-Ecotourism) area. The data were obtained from field investigation and interviews of farmers for primary data and supported with secondary data gained by data collected from reports and related statistical data. The average inflow and outflow discharges were 367.31 and 304,90 liters/second, respectively, and creating water loss rate reached 18.53%. The irrigation distribution efficiency and effectiveness are 81.47% and 54.19%, respectively. It indicated that much water had not been properly distributed. The evaluation results of the technical and social aspects are still categorized as unsatisfactory. According to the PUPR Ministerial Regulations (2017), the Irrigation Performance Index (IPI) of KKIA is 69.5, categorized as poor. The damage level of irrigation infrastructure ranges from 20 to 40%. It is necessary to improve socialization, guiding, coaching, and extension activities to improve operations management, routine, and periodic maintenance and repair. The KKIA also has excellent potential to be developed for an Agri-Edu-ecotourism area.
Designing a framework for standardization and testing requirements for the solar-powered water pump system
Authors: Susanto D A , Kristiningrum E , Adinugroho T P
Published: January 2023

Limited electricity networks and fuel access are problems in water supply, especially in remote areas. Implementing solar power for the pumping system is one solution to this problem. Installation of Solar Water Pumping Systems (SWPS) for remote areas is very beneficial from the triple bottom lines perspective of social, economic, and environmental. However, SWPSs cannot be utilized optimally and can experience problems and system failures if they do not follow procedures and best practices. Thus, standards and policies are needed. The development of quality parameters encountered problems due to the lack of information on the needs of stakeholders and the incomplete coverage of the required aspects. The barrier could lead to a long standard development process in reaching a consensus. This research aims to develop a framework for developing SWPS standards as stand-alone water pumping installations utilizing renewable energy for remote areas in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a Framework for Analysis, comparison, and Testing of Standards (FACTS). FACTS uses four main stages: stakeholder analysis, technical analysis, comparison with international standard parameters, and testing proposed quality parameters. This framework provides additional information on formalism and structure so that standards development applies to all stakeholders. The FACTS approach is commonly used in the standardization process, especially in its preparation. The result is a framework for preparing SWPS standard(s), so they can be advanced effectively throughout the stages of standard development.
Spectral pattern analysis of rice varieties with proximal sensing method and sentinel-2 imagery
Authors: Samsul Maarif Muhamad , Barus Baba , Syamsul Iman La Ode , Iskandar Wahyu , Hongo Chiharu
Published: January 2023

Rice growth monitoring through remote sensing devices, such as Sentinel-2 imagery has been widely used, yet the accuracy level is different due to variations in altitude and object reflectance. Proximal sensing provides site (ground-level) monitoring via high-resolution sensors. Spectroradiometer is a proximal sensing device that can continuously record the spectral pattern of an object. This research aims to examine the spectral pattern characteristic of Grendel sticky and Ciherang rice varieties based on proximal sensing and to investigate the relationship between the reflectance value of spectroradiometer measurements and Sentinel-2 image extraction. Based on the spectral pattern analysis, the Ciherang variety reached the maximum reflectance value for red-edge and NIR wavelength at 56 DAP (reproductive stage) and then decreased at 81 DAP (ripening stage). In comparison, the Grendel variety reached 81 DAP (reproductive stage) and dropped to 86 DAP (ripening stage). Based on linear regression, at 56, 81, 86, and 90, DAP indicated the reflectance values of spectroradiometer measurement are equivalent to the value of sentinel-2 image extraction with an average of R2 above 86%.
Developing water monitoring solutions with FIWARE defining, creating, populating, and extending digital twins
Authors: Lewis Gareth , Snider Brett , Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia Lydia , Chen Albert S , Djordjević Slobodan , Savić Dragan A
Published: January 2023

The water industry is often and unfairly criticised for being relatively slow to adopt IT as part of its operating processes. To address this, the FIWARE and Fiware4Water projects were tasked with developing open-source data definition, management, and processing, and applying it to the water sector. In this work, we are reviewing our experiences with developing FIWARE-based solutions for the aqua3s[1] and Fiware4Water[2] projects across the whole project lifecycle, from our initial of installing and learning to work with FIWARE context brokers[3], through building and maintaining synthetic digital twins for load and edge-case testing development and debugging and finally looking at longer-term data management and archiving. Through our work on these projects, we have started to develop a wealth of best-practice, strategic choices, and approaches to be avoided for successful and long-term context broker usage.
From simulation to dissemination: automation of data and metadata management
Authors: Arif Mohammad Shafi , Schade Peter , Lehfeldt Rainer , Notay Vikram , Carstens Georg , Kösters Frank
Published: January 2023

Working with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can produce numerous datasets, which contain different physical parameters and study settings. Management and dissemination of such data benefits greatly from a comprehensive data description (metadata), ideally a specialized Metadata Information System (MIS), and adequate long-term storage (data warehouse). To avoid the manual creation of rival metadata, an automation method has been developed, which adds metadata automatically by the simulation and post-processing programs. The automation method described here is an example for data curation suitable for a professional work environment. This method begins with the collection and creation of metadata and ends with the dissemination and publication of the data. This procedure reduces the challenging amount of tedious and error-prone workload, avoids redundancy, enhances efficiency, and is thus a means of quality assurance. Basis for the automation process is an open-source metadata information system (MIS) which has been adapted to the techno-scientific demand of simulation metadata. It stores the metadata in an SQL database and provides Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant services and communication interface. A hierarchical metadata management concept was initiated for efficient management of numerous datasets. Subsequently, the metadata validation and dissemination are automated via a middleware, which compiles metadata in an XML file, imports the metadata into the MIS and transfers the data to a long-term repository via a Representational State Transfer (REST) interface. Finally, the data and metadata are interlinked and published.
Using artificial intelligence models to support water quality prediction in water distribution networks
Authors: Enriquez Laura , Saldarriaga Juan , Berardi Luigi , Laucelli Daniele , Giustolisi Orazio
Published: January 2023

Water chlorination is the most used disinfection method in water distribution networks (WDNs). Nonetheless, water quality parameters, including chlorine concentration, are not available at every point of the WDN, although such information is of direct relevance to drive the operation at water treatment plants to keep the correct chlorine residual through the system. This work proposes the use of data-driven models, i.e., Artificial Neural Networks and Evolutionary Polynomial Regression, to predict the water quality parameters in most areas of a WDN, using water quality data measures at few sampling points. The study is demonstrated on the case studies of the trunk network of Bogota’s water distribution system.
Water management issues in the context of music festivals
Authors: Giurgea Corina Maria , Safta Carmen-Anca , Lupu Ciprian , Ordean Mihaela , Opruţa Dan
Published: January 2023

In recent years, festivals, especially music festivals have become important vectors for promoting their host cities. Festivals are complex phenomena with high economic and socio-cultural impact. High CO2 emissions and huge resource consumption are commonly related to the festivals’ negative environmental impact. Ensuring the suitable amount of water for a large-scale event is essential for both the audience experience and the city residents, especially when their access to water is hindered by excessive water usage for the festival. Therefore, an accurate estimation of water consumption during festivals is a prerequisite for rigorous water planning. In the Covid-19 world, due to the worsening crisis of resources and to the increasing pressure exerted by audiences asking for more eco-conscious events, festival organizers are called to get together with other stakeholders and re-examine the water management issues. Water companies have already started to embrace digital solutions. Their further implementation will result in a large amount of environmental data that could contribute to a paradigm shift concerning festival sustainability. The present paper was conceived around this topic, with the goal of increasing the awareness of all the actors involved in festival operational processes. Outcomes of a desk research and a case study focused on the UNTOLD and Electric Castle music festivals are presented.
Analysis of planetary boundary layer feedbacks on the multiple equilibria of the continental water cycle
Authors: Dengri Abhinav , Yamada Tomohito
Published: January 2023

A simple soil-atmosphere interaction model is developed to study the bimodal distribution of soil moisture in regions where there is feedback between precipitation and soil moisture. Our study includes planetary boundary layer (PBL) feedback in the coupled analytical soil-atmosphere interaction model with a varying PBL height and entrainment from the free atmosphere. This study aims to reveal the dominant PBL feedbacks that impact the occurrence of soil moisture bimodality by comparing the evolution of prognostic variables for a detailed PBL scheme (with varying PBL height and entrainment of heat and moisture from the free atmosphere) with the simple PBL scheme (with fixed PBL height and no entrainment). This study has shown the existence of multiple equilibria in the continental water balance for both detailed PBL and simple PBL schemes when the model is integrated for different initial soil moisture up to equilibria. Although both with and without PBL feedback, the results are in qualitative agreement; the soil moisture initialization to realize multiple equilibria of a detailed PBL scheme is larger than the simple PBL scheme. Although the direct quantitative comparison with observation is clearly limited in the simple model, it also demonstrates how the non-linear dynamics of the coupled soil-atmosphere system may be expected to occur in observations.
Implementation of water related Sustainable Development Goals in Romania: overview of current and future challenges
Authors: Teau Camelia , Popescu Ioana , Florescu Constantin , Constantin Albert , Ciocan Cristian Moisescu , Vlaicu Valentin
Published: January 2023

The collection of information on the achievement of the water related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as their analysis through research, is defined as being difficult especially in the absence of data and tools that can model these performances. An analysis of SDG indicators at the level of 2015, for 41 countries where the population has high and medium incomes shows that a special level of complexity in monitoring is given by the fact that each country measures certain indicators specifically, and these cannot be compared. It is recommended to formulate methods of measurement and monitoring that can be compared. All these consistent methods between countries must be subject to data protection rules, both in terms of access to them and in terms of their management. Present paper shows the main challenges in monitoring water related SDGs (mainly 6, 11 and 13) in Romania, what is the status so far and what are the challenges for the future.
Challenges & solutions for deterministic hydraulic modelling in Mediterranean coastal catchment. Application to the lower Paillons River, Nice, France
Authors: Game Paguédame , Wang Mingyang , Audra Philippe , Gourbesville Philippe
Published: January 2023

Different methods are used in hydrological and hydraulic modelling in a catchment. Deterministic modelling can be used to produce detailed information and optimize the organization of massive data collection. In the catchment of Paillons, there is a need to improve knowledge of hydrological processes through deterministic modelling. In fact, Nice Côte d’Azur metropolis faces numerous challenges in the Paillons catchment. The area provides water resources for large communities. However, it is exposed to flooding and droughts. Complex hydrological processes generate runoff over the 246 km2 watershed. Few existing monitoring stations provide runoff data. In addition, there are limitations in the understanding of surface hydraulics. Thus, this study uses DHI Mike21FM for surface hydraulics with 5 m grid size for riverbed and 2 m for tunnels. The study area is limited to the lower Paillons River. Observed and modelled water depths vary between 0.1 and 0.5 m for a maximum discharge of 38 m3/s in the tunnels. Flood maps created with a discharge of 1000 m3/s, show clearly high flood risk zones and flow directions. The selected CFL condition under 0.8 is respected. The tool is suitable for modeling flooding in areas of interest within the catchment of study. The results obtained are satisfactory and demonstrate that the constructed tool makes it possible to reproduce the overall behavior of surface hydraulics.
Changes in sediment erosion rate in the Azuma River basin after the Hokkaido eastern Iburi earthquake in 2018
Authors: Miyazaki Kotaro , Hoshino Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Keita , Shrivastava Sourabh , Yamada Tomohito J
Published: January 2023

The Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in 2018 induced the largest landslide over the Azuma River basin in Hokkaido, the north island of Japan. This study estimated the sediment erosion rate over the Azuma River basin using the universal soil loss equation (USLE) for the pre- and post-earthquake conditions. The results showed that the potential sediment erosion rate from the entire basin increased by 8–29 times more than the pre-earthquake condition. The primary cause of the increase in sediment erosion rate was deforestation due to the landslide, which generated 13% of the bare land area in the entire basin. In addition, the influence of interannual variability of rainfall on sediment erosion rate was calculated from observed rainfall data. As a result, the minimum annual sediment erosion rate after the earthquake exceeded the maximum before the earthquake, indicating that the post-earthquake sediment erosion rate is substantially higher than the pre-earthquake rate. These findings suggest that in order to assess the sediment erosion risk over the Azuma River basin, it is necessary to predict and monitor the vegetation recovery, considering the interannual variability of rainfall.
Comparison of model-based techniques for pipe burst location in water distribution networks
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Antunes André , Carriço Nelson , Covas Dídia
Published: January 2023

The current paper compares the performance of three model-based techniques for the automatic location of pipe burst events in water distribution networks. The first technique is based on nodal pressure sensitivities, the second solves an inverse analysis problem and the third technique uses hydraulic simulation to train a classifier. A real case study is used and a set of artificial measurements is generated for a number of pipe burst scenarios, with fixed burst location and variable pressure and flowrate noise levels and burst sizes. The performance of each technique is assessed based on the determined burst distance to the real burst location. Obtained results are discussed and the most relevant conclusions are drawn.
Predicting iron exceedance risk in drinking water distribution systems using machine learning
Authors: Kazemi Ehsan , Kyritsakas Grigorios , Husband Stewart , Flavell Katrina , Speight Vanessa , Boxall Joby
Published: January 2023

A Machine Learning approach has been developed to predict iron threshold exceedances in sub-regions of a drinking water distribution network from data collected the previous year. Models were trained using parameters informed by Self-Organising Map analysis based on ten years of water quality sampling data, pipe data and discolouration customer contacts from a UK network supplying over 2.3 million households. Twenty combinations of input parameters (network conditions) and three learning algorithms (Random Forests, Support Vector Machines and RUSBoost Trees) were tested. The best performing model was found to be Random Forests with input parameters of iron, turbidity, 3-day Heterotrophic Plate Counts, and high priority dead ends per District Metered Area. Different exceedance levels were tested and prediction accuracies of above 70% were achieved for UK regulatory concentration of 200 µg/L. Predicted probabilities per network sub-region were used to provide relative risk ranking to inform proactive management and investment decisions.
A data-driven model for the prediction of chlorine losses in water distribution trunk mains
Authors: Kyritsakas Grigorios , Speight Vanessa , Boxall Joby
Published: January 2023

A data-driven model that uses 4 different machine learning (ML) algorithms (Feed forward artificial neural networks (ANN), Nonlinear autoregressive exogeneous (NARX) ANN, support vector machine and Random Forest) was designed for the prediction of chlorine loss events in water distribution trunk mains. The model, firstly, identifies past chlorine loss events and their associate flow or temperature events. Then, the detected past flow events and their associate past chlorine loss events are used to train the ML algorithms. The model was tested in 3 trunk mains of the same drinking water distribution system with similar diameter but with different characteristics, using each time a different combination of parameters (flow (input) - past chlorine losses (output) or flow, temperature, and chlorine (input) - past chlorine losses (output)) and machine learning algorithms. Results indicate that the model could predict a future chlorine loss event with a period between 2 to 10 hours depending on the parameter and ML algorithm used and the trunk mains’ hydraulic characteristics.
Analysis of diffusion and dispersion processes in water distribution networks through the use of the Péclet number threshold
Authors: Piazza Stefania , Sambito Mariacrocetta , Freni Gabriele
Published: January 2023

To model the water quality within the distribution networks, simplified models are used (such as EPANET), which use an advective-reactive approach and neglect relevant phenomena, such as diffusion and dispersion, for low values of the Reynolds number. Although valid in the presence of a purely turbulent flow regime, as they do not produce substantial modelling errors, these simplifications are not applicable equally to all distribution networks. Therefore, the present study defines a threshold of the Péclet number, which relates the effectiveness of mass transport by advection with the effectiveness of mass transport by dispersion or diffusion, in order to establish a priori the behaviour of the water distribution network and find the most suitable model to use. The numerical analysis was applied to a real case study (network of Oreto-Stazione) using EPANET advective model and EPANET-DDR (Dynamic-Dispersion-Reaction) model, developed by the authors.
Optimisation-based refinement of genesis indices for tropical cyclones
Authors: Ascenso Guido , Cavicchia Leone , Scoccimarro Enrico , Castelletti Andrea
Published: January 2023

Tropical cyclone genesis indices are valuable tools for studying the relationship between large-scale environmental fields and the genesis of tropical cyclones, supporting the identification of future trends of cyclone genesis. However, their formulation is generally derived from simple statistical models (e.g., multiple linear regression) and are not optimised globally. In this paper, we present a simple framework for optimising genesis indexes given a user-specified trade-off between two performance metrics, which measure how well an index captures the spatial and interannual variability of tropical cyclone genesis. We apply the proposed framework to the popular Emanuel and Nolan Genesis Potential Index, yielding new, optimised formulas that correspond to different trade-offs between spatial and interannual variability. Result show that our refined indexes can improve the performance of the Emanuel and Nolan index up to 8% for spatial variability and 16%–22% for interannual variability; this improvement was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Lastly, by analysing the formulas found, we give some insights into the role of the different inputs of the index in maximising one metric or the other.
Strategies for fitting accurate machine-learned inter-atomic potentials for solid electrolytes
Authors: Wang Juefan , Panchal Abhishek A , Canepa Pieremanuele
Published: January 2023

Ion transport in materials is routinely probed through several experimental techniques, which introduce variability in reported ionic diffusivities and conductivities. The computational prediction of ionic diffusivities and conductivities helps in identifying good ionic conductors, and suitable solid electrolytes (SEs), thus establishing firm structure-property relationships. Machine-learned potentials are an attractive strategy to extend the capabilities of accurate ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) to longer simulations for larger systems, enabling the study of ion transport at lower temperatures. However, machine-learned potentials being in their infancy, critical assessments of their predicting capabilities are rare. Here, we identified the main factors controlling the quality of a machine-learning potential based on the moment tensor potential formulation, when applied to the properties of ion transport in ionic conductors, such as SEs. Our results underline the importance of high-quality and diverse training sets required to fit moment tensor potentials. We highlight the importance of considering intrinsic defects which may occur in SEs. We demonstrate the limitations posed by short-timescale and high-temperature AIMD simulations to predict the room-temperature properties of materials.
OmicsTIDE: interactive exploration of trends in multi-omics data
Authors: Harbig Theresa A , Fratte Julian , Krone Michael , Nieselt Kay
Published: January 2023

Motivation

The increasing amount of data produced by omics technologies has enabled researchers to study phenomena across multiple omics layers. Besides data-driven analysis strategies, interactive visualization tools have been developed for a more transparent analysis. However, most state-of-the-art tools do not reconstruct the impact of a single omics layer on the integration result.

Results

We developed a data classification scheme focusing on different aspects of multi-omics datasets for a systemic understanding. Based on this classification, we developed the Omics Trend-comparing Interactive Data Explorer (OmicsTIDE), an interactive visualization tool for the comparison of gene-based quantitative omics data. The tool consists of a computational part that clusters omics datasets to determine trends and an interactive visualization. The trends are visualized as profile plots and are connected by a Sankey diagram that allows for an interactive pairwise trend comparison to discover concordant and discordant trends. Moreover, large-scale omics datasets are broken down into small subsets that can be analyzed functionally using Gene Ontology enrichment within few analysis steps. We demonstrate the interactive analysis using OmicsTIDE with two case studies focusing on different experimental designs.

Availability and implementation

OmicsTIDE is a web tool available via http://omicstide-tuevis.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and intrathecal rituximab treatment for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Burman Joachim , Zjukovskaja Christina , Svenningsson Anders , Freyhult Eva , Wiberg Anna , Kultima Kim
Published: January 2023

Multiple sclerosis has been established as an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Many aspects of the pathophysiology are still unknown and it is presently unclear how different treatments affect the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis. In this study, we explored cytokines discriminating between individuals with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls and then how these cytokines were affected by treatment intervention with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or intrathecal rituximab. CSF from individuals with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls were analysed with a proximity extension assay to simultaneously determine the level of 92 cytokines and other inflammation-related proteins. In total, CSF from 158 multiple sclerosis patients and 53 healthy controls were analysed. Sixty-four patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 27 with progressive multiple sclerosis took part in a cross-sectional study and underwent lumbar puncture on a single occasion. Forty-five patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and underwent lumbar puncture at baseline and then at follow-up visits made at 1-, 2- and 5 years. Twenty-two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis were treated with intrathecal rituximab and followed with lumbar punctures at baseline and then at follow-up visits made at 3-, 6- and 12 months. Of the 92 studied cytokines, 16 were found to be altered in multiple sclerosis and 11 were decreased after treatment with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. None of the studied cytokines was affected by treatment with intrathecal rituximab for progressive multiple sclerosis. Some proteins were highly associated with each other. Therefore, a cluster analysis was made and then the highest-ranked protein from the four highest-ranked clusters was used for the subsequent analyses. CCL3, IL-12B, CXCL10 and IL-8 discriminated between multiple sclerosis patients and controls, but only IL-12B differed between patients with relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis. The CSF concentrations of CCL3, IL-12B and CXCL10 were decreased after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, whereas IL-8 appeared to be unaffected by this intervention. High concentrations of IL-8 were associated with worse outcome in both treatment groups. Overall, the results suggest a profound effect of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the inflammatory milieu of the CSF in multiple sclerosis.
Multiple painful skin papules, uterine leiomyomas and hysterectomy
Authors: Hassan Imran Haseeb , Cakirli Yasar Alp , Scharrer Krisztina , Willey Anu
Published: January 2023

A 38-year-old woman presented with multiple papules and nodules. Her mother and maternal grandmother had similar lesions, and all three women had undergone hysterectomy at a young age. Histopathogical analysis revealed dense dermal nodules composed of eosinophilic spindle cells, and exposed elongated cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in fascicles.
White plaques on the vulva
Authors: Wainman Hannah Elizabeth , McSwiney Niamh T , Barfoot Maria , Craig Paul J , Davies Emily E G
Published: January 2023

We report a 59-year-old woman presenting with vulval white plaques on a background of psoriasis and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and discuss the histology, diagnosis and treatment options.
Linear focal elastosis
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Selvaarasan Jayapratha , Murthy Aravind Baskar , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal
Published: January 2023

Linear focal elastosis (LFE) is an uncommon, benign, acquired elastotic condition with uncertain pathogenesis. It is characterized clinically by asymptomatic, multiple, yellowish, elevated, irregularly indurated, striae-like lines or bands distributed horizontally across the lower and middle part of the posterior trunk. The histopathological hallmark of LFE is a focal increase of elastic fibres in the dermis. The differential diagnosis is varied, and striae distensae is the closest mimic of LFE. Response of LFE to treatment is often poor. The focus of this article is to provide insights into this condition for dermatologists.
The introduction of skin of colour dermatology into the Australian dermatology training curriculum: trainee perspectives 5 years later
Authors: Punchihewa Nisal , Anthony Ojochonu , Rodrigues Michelle
Published: January 2023

To assess whether the introduction of skin of colour dermatology (SOC) into the Australian dermatology curriculum in 2017 had translated into increased confidence among dermatology trainees handling dermatoses in people with SOC an online questionnaire-based study was conducted in 2017 and 2022. The proportion of trainees feeling confident was 36% in 2017 and 32% in 2022. The introduction of SOC dermatology into the training curriculum in itself may not be sufficient to improve trainee confidence in this area and the need for alternative training delivery formats should be considered.
Staging cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in an Irish cohort
Authors: Doyle Claire , Drumm Ciara , Hellen Rebecca , McKay Hannah , D’Arcy Clare , Lally Aoife , Moriarty Blaithin
Published: January 2023

We review staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
A rapidly enlarging nonpigmented nodule on the chest wall
Authors: Granahan Aoife , Fabre Aurelie , Ryan Aisling , Lally Aoife
Published: January 2023

We report a clinicopathological case of a patient with a rapidly enlarging nonpigmented nodule on the chest wall. There was no personal or family history of skin disease or cutaneous malignancy.