bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser-induced damage studies in the nanosecond regime on large-aperture anti-reflection coated ceramic Yb:YAG
Authors: De Vido Mariastefania , Divoky Martin , Pilar Jan , Ertel Klaus , Mason Paul D.
Published: February 2025

We report on laser-induced damage behaviour in the nanosecond regime of anti-reflection coated, large aperture, ceramic Yb:YAG. Experiments were carried out to identify suitable coatings for use in large-aperture DiPOLE cryogenic laser amplifiers and involved the testing of 9 coating types from 7 different coating suppliers. Comparison between ex-situ S-on-1 and raster scan test results confirmed that, in the case of large aperture optics, the raster scan protocol provides a more accurate estimate of failure levels compared to the S-on-1 protocol. Significant variability in performance under raster scan testing was observed for different coating types, with some coatings failing under irradiation at 5 J/cm2 fluence while others surviving irradiation at 15 J/cm2. Comparison between raster scan results and operational experience in DiPOLE amplifiers indicates that raster-scan testing results can be used as a good indicator for suitability in operational use.
Hybrid fiber-based frequency dissemination and vibration sensing system
Authors: Li Wenlin , Pang Zhongwang , Dai Hongfei , Li Chunyi , Wang Bo
Published: February 2025

In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of a hybrid fiber-based frequency dissemination and vibration sensing system. The hybrid system achieves frequency transfer stability of 3.3×10−14/s and 2.4×10−17/105s over a 60 km fiber link. Furthermore, accurate localizing of adverse event is demonstrated, which helps enhance operational and maintenance efficiency to ensure the stability of time–frequency synchronization networks.
Inverse design of Mie resonators with minimal backscattering
Authors: Igoshin Vladimir , Kokhanovskiy Alexey , Petrov Mihail
Published: February 2025

Manipulation and engineering of light scattering by resonant nanostructures is one of the central problems in optics and photonics. In this work, we theoretically study the effect of suppressed backscattering of a dielectric nanoantenna. We employed the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) to identify the geometries of axisymmetric dielectric structures with minimized backward scattering cross section. Zero backscattering is achieved due to the generalized Kerker effect and multipole cancellation condition. We found a set of geometries and shapes of the nanoantenna having backscattering intensity close to zero. With the help of a clustering algorithm, all the found geometries fall separated into several groups according to their multipolar content. While the optical properties of scatterers in each group were similar due to the similar multipolar content, their shapes can be significantly different. This highlights the inherent ambiguity in free-form optimization problems. We believe that the obtained results can help in designing nanophotonic structures such as antireflective metasurfaces and other electromagnetic-based devices.
Adaptive reconfiguration and full control of light structures in optical fibers with programmable silicon photonics
Authors: Zhou Wu , Chen Zengqi , Lu Kaihang , Chen Hao , Zhang Mingyuan , Tian Wenzhang , Tong Yeyu
Published: February 2025

The ability to control light structures in all dimensions is crucial for a wide range of fundamental and advanced photonics applications, including microscopy, imaging, sensing, communications, and quantum information processing. However, existing chip-based solutions cannot achieve simultaneous manipulation of spatial and polarization distributions, and often exhibit limited emission efficiency and beam quality. In this study, we demonstrate a programmable silicon photonic chip that can locally, efficiently, and fully generate and control structured light over both spatial and polarization distributions. High emission efficiency and intensity overlap integrals can be obtained in our experiment. Furthermore, our photonic processor can be actively programmed to invert the unknown random transmission matrix of a few-mode optical fiber and arbitrarily project the input vector into the desired spatial and polarization distributions in real time. Our findings offer a scalable pathway towards achieving a portable and reliable system for full control, efficient emission, and adaptive reconfiguration of light structures across various applications.
Banning ransomware payments: unintended effects on cybersecurity investment and incident reporting
Authors: Iwasaki Masaki
Published: February 2025

Banning ransomware payments has recently gained traction as a policy proposal aimed at cutting off cybercriminals’ funding sources and compelling companies to bolster their cybersecurity. While the intended goal is to curb cyber extortion, such prohibitions may yield unforeseen repercussions for both organizations and society. This paper argues for integrating the processes of cybersecurity investment, incident reporting, and ransom payments into a holistic analysis. Drawing on economic insights, we explore how incentives shape the decisions of both attackers and victims, and how an outright prohibition on ransom payments could alter victims’ incentives not only for paying but also for implementing security measures and reporting incidents. Our findings suggest that a strict ban may inadvertently reduce the level of cybersecurity investment or prompt organizations to hide attacks. We propose an alternative, more balanced strategy that combines clear cybersecurity standards, broader data breach notification laws, and a conditional safe harbor for certain ransom payments. These measures can maintain essential operations, discourage criminal activity, and realign economic motivations toward more robust cybersecurity practices.
vmTracking enables highly accurate multi-animal pose tracking in crowded environments
Authors: Azechi Hirotsugu , Takahashi Susumu
Published: February 2025

In multi-animal tracking, addressing occlusion and crowding is crucial for accurate behavioral analysis. However, in situations where occlusion and crowding generate complex interactions, achieving accurate pose tracking remains challenging. Therefore, we introduced virtual marker tracking (vmTracking), which uses virtual markers for individual identification. Virtual markers are labels derived from conventional markerless multi-animal tracking tools, such as multi-animal DeepLabCut (maDLC) and Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses (SLEAP). Unlike physical markers, virtual markers exist only within the video and attribute features to individuals, enabling consistent identification throughout the entire video while keeping the animals markerless in reality. Using these markers as cues, annotations were applied to multi-animal videos, and tracking was conducted with single-animal DeepLabCut (saDLC) and SLEAP’s single-animal method. vmTracking minimized manual corrections and annotation frames needed for training, efficiently tackling occlusion and crowding. Experiments tracking multiple mice, fish, and human dancers confirmed vmTracking’s variability and applicability. These findings could enhance the precision and reliability of tracking methods used in the analysis of complex naturalistic and social behaviors in animals, providing a simpler yet more effective solution.
Decoding biomolecular condensate dynamics: an energy landscape approach
Authors: Biswas Subhadip , Potoyan Davit A
Published: February 2025

Many eukaryotic proteins and RNAs contain low-complexity domains (LCDs) with a strong propensity for binding and driving phase separation into biomolecular condensates. Mutations in LCDs frequently disrupt condensate dynamics, resulting in pathological transitions to solid-like states. Understanding how the molecular sequence grammar of LCDs governs condensate dynamics is essential for uncovering their biological functions and the evolutionary forces that shape these sequences. To this end, we present an energy landscape framework that operates on a continuous ‘stickiness’ energy scale rather than relying on an explicit alphabet-based sequence. Sequences are characterized by Wasserstein distance relative to thoroughly shuffled or random counterparts. Armed with an energy landscape framework, map diagrams of material and dynamical properties governed by key energy landscape features modulated by the degree of complexity in LCD arrangements, including the periodicity and local disorder in LCDs. Highly periodic LCD patterns promote elasticity-dominated behavior, while random sequences exhibit viscosity-dominated properties. Our results reveal that minimum sticker periodicity is crucial for maintaining fluidity in condensates, thereby avoiding transitions to glassy or solid-like states. Moreover, we demonstrate that the energy landscape framework explains the recent experimental findings on prion domains and predicts systematic alterations in condensate viscoelasticity. Our work provides a unifying perspective on the sequence-encoded material properties whereby key features of energy landscapes are conserved while sequences are variable.
Duelo: cómo nos alineamos
Authors: Martin James R. , Ghio Elsa
Published: February 2025

Este artículo asume una perspectiva interpersonal acerca del discurso, centrada en lo que podríamos pensar como el poder retórico del lenguaje. En particular, esta perspectiva destaca la función de la evaluación, y el rol constructivo que ésta juega en la organización de la sociabilidad – el modo en que compartimos sentimientos para convertirnos en miembros de un grupo. Se estudian los pormenores de la textura del editorial de una revista sobre el estilo de vida en Hong Kong, publicada 10 días después del 11 de setiembre de 2001 (11/9), destacando las maneras en que el editor negocia la solidaridad con su lector emigrado, naturalizando posiciones de lectura con y entre esos lectores.
A pedra, o pau e a pena: silêncio, formação discursiva e dizeres nas fichas do DEOPS
Authors: Lampoglia Francis , Romão Lucília Maria de Sousa
Published: February 2025

Esse artigo analisa quatro fichas do DEOPS que tratam da greve dos metalúrgicos do ABC paulista de 1980, durante a ditadura militar brasileira. Para tanto, mobilizaremos a teoria da Análise do Discurso de matriz francesa, fundada por Michel Pêcheux e Jean Dubois. Interessa-nos investigar os efeitos de sentidos que são falados nas fichas sobre a memória da greve do ABC e o que esse evento representou para a sociedade e para a ditadura que vigorava no período. Também são observados os silêncios impostos pela voz do sujeito policial sobre a voz do sujeito detido. Através da análise dos documentos selecionados, percebemos como a formação discursiva, a memória e arquivo discursivo, inseridas em dado contexto sócio-histórico, inscrevem-se nesses discursos e influenciam na produção de sentidos, indicando o tenso caminho entre a história e a língua. Observa-se que esses movimentos de sentidos inscritos nos documentos compreendem uma maneira de refletir sobre a linguagem afetada permanentemente pela história, marcando como os sentidos migram em função da posição que o sujeito ocupa, enfim, como a circulação de dizeres nos documentos do DEOPS dialoga com os sentidos em outros contextos sócio-históricos.
Un llamado a las armas al final de la historia: un análisis histórico-discursivo de la declaración de guerra contra el terror de G. Bush
Authors: Graham Phil , Keenan Thomas , Dowd Anne-Maree , Ghio Elsa
Published: February 2025

En este artículo adoptamos un enfoque histórico-discursivo para ilustrar la trascendencia de la declaración de ‘guerra contra el terror’ de George W. Bush (2001). Presentamos cuatro discursos paradigmáticos de ‘llamado a las armas’, el del Papa Urbano II (1095), la Reina Isabel I (1588), Adolf Hitler (1938) y George W. Bush (2001) para ejemplificar la estructura, la función y la trascendencia histórica de estos textos en las sociedades occidentales durante el último milenio. Identificamos cuatro características genéricas que han perdurado en estos textos durante este período: (i) una apelación a una fuente de poder legítimo externa al orador y presentada como inherentemente buena; (ii) una apelación a la importancia histórica de la cultura en la que se sitúa el discurso; (iii) la construcción de otro totalmente maligno, y (iv) una apelación a la unificación tras la fuente externa de legitimación del poder. Sostenemos que, además, estos textos aparecen de manera típica en contextos históricos caracterizados por una profunda crisis de legitimidad política.
El racismo en la prensa escrita peruana. Un estudio de la representación del Otro amazónico desde el Análisis Crítico del Discurso
Authors: Arrunátegui Matos Carolina
Published: February 2025

Los pueblos indígenas amazónicos del Perú mantienen una relación con el poder político que está y ha estado marcada por tensiones y conflictos a lo largo del tiempo. Estos conflictos tienen sus raíces en el proceso de colonización y están sostenidos, en parte, por la creencia de que los pueblos amazónicos y los territorios que habitan son “salvajes” y necesitan ser “civilizados”. Esta creencia forma parte de un aparato ideológico fundamentalmente racista que justifica la empresa colonizadora de la que son objeto estos pueblos. Esta ideología racista tiene una base cultural en la medida en que vincula la “raza” (el fenotipo) con la “cultura”, entendida esta última como un conjunto de factores sociales entre los que se encuentran la educación, la lengua, las costumbres, la ocupación y la procedencia. Al respecto, este estudio se propone demostrar que la prensa escrita peruana juega un rol muy importante en la legitimación de esta ideología racista con base cultural. En su discurso, la prensa peruana utiliza una serie de estrategias discursivas que, en su conjunto, construyen una representación negativa de los pueblos amazónicos que los sitúa como “salvajes” y “bravos”, es decir, como los Otros racial y culturalmente inferiores al Nosotros que, en este caso, son la prensa, el Gobierno y el ciudadano peruano de costumbres occidentales. Para demostrar esto, se han analizado, desde la perspectiva del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD), las noticias aparecidas en tres importantes diarios peruanos que han abordado la cobertura de un conflicto ocurrido en el año 2008 entre el Gobierno peruano y algunos pueblos de la Amazonía peruana.
Violencia y discurso. Introducción
Authors: Fuentes Rodríguez Catalina
Published: February 2025

Presentación del número monográfico "Violencia y discurso".
Ideología e imagen: La ocultación en la prensa de la violencia social o lo políticamente correcto
Authors: Fuentes Rodríguez Catalina
Published: February 2025

Lo llamado políticamente correcto constituye la manifestación de una ideología impuesta por la sociedad. Crea una imagen de ella que se impone en el discurso mediático y político, aunque no trasciende al comportamiento. Por tanto, en el fondo no muestra la ideología real del grupo, sino una imagen ficticia y positiva, en una clara muestra de hipocresía. En este artículo analizamos textos del discurso público, político y mediático, desde una metodología de Análisis del discurso y revisamos el concepto de imagen que está en la base de la teoría de la cortesía verbal.
De “violencia doméstica” a “terrorismo machista”: el uso argumentativo de las denominaciones en la prensa
Authors: Moreno Benítez Damián
Published: February 2025

Analizamos las denominaciones que recibe el fenómeno de la “violencia doméstica” o “de género” en los textos periodísticos españoles actuales. Para ello partimos del estudio de noticias y artículos publicados por los tres principales diarios españoles y, metodológicamente, nos situamos en la teoría de la Argumentación en la Lengua y en la Pragmática lingüística. Comprobamos que se produce en estas expresiones una tensión entre el proceso semántico de lexicalización y desmotivación característico de toda denominación y la necesidad de establecer una motivación argumentativa que haga reaccionar al interlocutor. Son denominaciones que adquieren un uso argumentativo en función de las intenciones del locutor, de la ideología que subyace en los medios de comunicación y de la respuesta que quiere provocar en el alocutario.
D. Bravo, N. Hernández Flores, A. Cordisco (eds.), Aportes pragmáticos, sociopragmáticos y socioculturales a los estudios de la cortesía en español, Buenos Aires:Dunken, 2009, 359 p. ISBN 978-987-02-3980-2
Authors: Brenes Peña Ester
Published: February 2025

Universidade de Brasília. Núcleo de Estudos de Linguagem e Sociedade (NELiS) | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Interuniversitario de Lenguas Modernas Aplicadas (IULMA).
Comunicación destructiva y agresividad verbal en la Red. Notas en torno al discurso sobre las enfermedades raras
Authors: Bañón Hernández Antonio Miguel
Published: February 2025

Este artículo pretende reflexionar en torno a los tipos básicos de comunicación destructiva, con especial referencia al discurso agresivo y violento que aparece en Internet. Aplicaremos esas reflexiones al caso específico de las enfermedades raras, analizando una secuencia de mensajes aparecidos en un foro de Antena 3 TV, a propósito de una de esas patologías, conocida como Hallervorden-Spatz.
Usos afijales descorteses en registros formales
Authors: García Platero Juan Manuel
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo analizamos los usos léxicos descorteses en registros de formalidad, aunque tenemos en cuenta, en todo momento, que no existen unas directrices estrictas para separar los distintas variedades comunicativas y establecer sus diferencias con los niveles lingüísticos. Nos centramos en la prefijación y sufijación para analizar su valor peyorativo en el discurso político y periodístico. Especialmente rentables son los afijos que implican disminución léxica, ya que se parte de lo dimensional para evolucionar a un claro valor despreciativo.
Las funciones del insulto en debates políticos televisados
Authors: González Sanz Marina
Published: February 2025

Pretendemos con este artículo realizar una revisión del concepto del insulto en lingüística, así como proponer una clasificación para el análisis de los insultos que encontramos en un corpus específico de transcripciones procedentes de debates políticos televisados. La necesidad de revisión del concepto proviene de la rentabilidad que posee el insulto en este tipo de programas como mecanismo argumentativo. Además, el análisis tendrá en cuenta el receptor polifónico del medio de comunicación televisivo, que incluye a los miembros del debate, el público y la audiencia; el destinatario del insulto y los rasgos lingüísticos de las estructuras empleadas. Por último, observaremos si se producen actos de reparación de la imagen tras la emisión de los insultos, para comprobar en qué medida forman parte ya de la norma de los debates políticos televisados.
Conquering Oppression through Cosmopolitanism: Islam, Race, and Racism in Writings of Edward Wilmot Blyden and Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba
Authors: Mbaye Babacar
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay analyzes the Sufi religious thoughts of Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba, the founder of the Murid Islamic brotherhood of Senegal, as reflections of the cosmopolitan openness to the “other” and the rest of the world that the Pan-African scholar, Edward Wilmot Blyden, celebrates in his book, entitled Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race (1887). Blyden admired, in late nineteenth-century West African Islamic traditions, cosmopolitanism, and rejections of violence that one also finds in Bamba’s book, Mawahibul Quddus. Bamba’s text was produced in the late nineteenth century and was translated into English in 2003 as God’s Sacred Identity.Using Blyden’s book as an early exploration of the West African cosmopolitan tradition of resistance and celebration of rationality that mesmerized him, this essay explores how similar ideas were noticeable in Bamba’s Sufism. In his theology, Bamba also examines how reason and cosmopolitanism can dismantle racial and other forms of intolerance and domination.Abstrak: Esai ini menganalisis pemikiran religius Sufi dari Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba, pendiri  Murid Islamic brotherhoodof Senegal, sebagai refleksi keterbukaan kosmopolitan terhadap "yang lain" dan dunia, yang dirayakan oleh cendekiawan Pan-Afrika, Edward Wilmot Blyden dalam bukunya yang berjudul Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race (1887). Blyden mengagumi tradisi Islam Afrika Barat pada akhir abad ke-19 yang menunjukkan kosmopolitanisme dan penolakan terhadap kekerasan, yang juga ditemukan dalam buku Bamba, Mawahibul Quddus. Teks Bamba ini ditulis pada akhir abad ke-19 dan diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris pada tahun 2003 dengan judul God’s Sacred Identity. Dengan menggunakan buku Blyden sebagai eksplorasi awal tradisi kosmopolitanisme Afrika Barat yang menawan baginya, esai ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana ide serupa terlihat dalam sufisme Bamba. Dalam teologinya, Bamba juga mengkaji bagaimana akal dan kosmopolitanisme dapat membongkar intoleransi rasial dan bentuk dominasi lainnya.
Antioxidant activity and protective effect of phyto‐active compounds of Crataegus azarolus berries decoction extract against acetic acid‐induced hepatorenal injuries in male rats
Authors: Sammari Houcem , Abidi Anouar , Jedidi Saber , Dhawefi Nourhen , Sebai Hichem
Published: February 2025

The present study evaluated the hepato‐nephronal protective properties of Crataegus azarolus berries decoction extract (CAB‐DE) on acetic acid (AA)‐induced oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in rats. Animals (60 rats) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10), with groups 1 and 2 being controls and groups 3, 4, and 5 given increasing doses of CAB‐DE, group 6 were given gallic acid until ulcerative colitis was induced and then intoxicated by an acute intra‐rectal infusion of AA. Our results showed that CAB‐DE‐oral administration had no signs of toxicity or abnormal behavior in rats, with a LD50 higher than 3500 mg/kg bw. In addition, CAB‐DE protected against AA‐induced nephropathy and hepatic damage in rats, as determined by an increase in organ weights and an alteration in the renal and liver parameters and functions. Moreover, extract co‐administration reduced AA‐induced liver and kidney lipoperoxidation, maintained non‐enzymatic contents such as sulfhydryl groups (‐SH) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and restored antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Finally, CAB‐DE might have a possible protective effect against AA‐oxidative stress and dysfunction in the rat liver and kidney, suggesting that Crataegus azarolus berries may be beneficial for people suffering from liver issues and nephropathy.
Numerical simulation of binary convection within the Soret regime in a tilted cylinder
Authors: Alonso Arantxa , Mercader Isabel , Batiste Oriol , Meseguer Alvaro
Published: February 2025

This study computationally investigates the time-dependent patterns emerging in the Soret regime for binary fluid convection in slightly inclined cylinders heated from below, with a particular focus on positive Soret coefficient thermophobic mixtures (S

T
> 0) and aspect ratios Γ = 5.2, Γ = 5.3, and Γ = 5.4. By varying the Rayleigh number (Ra) and smoothly adjusting its increments, we capture a range of spatio-temporal behaviours, revealing the coexistence of large-scale shear flows (LSF) and superhighway convection (SHC) patterns. SHC-like structures, characterised by a high base frequency, involve oscillating plumes arranged in adjacent lanes, moving in opposite directions along the inclination. Remarkably, this frequency remains nearly constant across different Ra values. Some of the observed coherent structures, such as periodic and modulated solutions, exhibit equivariance with respect to some elements of the

D

2

${\mathbb{D}}_{2}$

symmetry group inherent to the physical system. In the case of Γ = 5.4, we identify three-frequency orbits, with modulations up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the base frequency. The observed dynamics is highly sensitive to small variations of Γ, with different patterns being stabilized depending on the aspect ratio of the cell. The bifurcation scenarios are complex and case-specific, and their precise determination is computationally demanding.
Convergence of a particle Monte Carlo algorithm for scalar conservation laws
Authors: Towers John D.
Published: February 2025

The subject of this paper is a Monte Carlo algorithm for scalar conservation laws proposed in
[L. Pareschi and M. Seaïd,
A new Monte Carlo approach for conservation laws and relaxation systems,
Computational Science—ICCS 2004. Part II,
Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 3037,
Springer, Berlin 2004, 276–283].
The algorithm is a stochastic particle method based on a probabilistic interpretation of the Jin–Xin relaxation formulation
of conservation laws.
We prove convergence as the number of particles approaches infinity, and the spatial and temporal mesh sizes approach zero,
assuming that the number of particles approaches infinity at a rate sufficiently high compared to
the rate that the mesh size approaches zero. For the case where the solution can take either sign, our version of the algorithm is novel. We present two numerical examples as evidence of convergence.
Silicon-based all-optical wavelength converter for on-chip optical interconnection
Authors: Liu Shuhong
Published: February 2025

The study of silicon-based all-optical wavelength converters (SAOWCs) for on-chip optical interconnect applications holds potential research value and application horizons. The study proposes a SAOWC for on-chip optical interconnect technology. It also designs and optimizes an all-optical wavelength converter based on a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier and a Mach-Zönder interferometer in conjunction with photonic integrated circuit technology. The interlayer coupling efficiency is simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method, and the performance of the system is verified in conjunction with experiments. The experimental results showed that the coupling efficiency was as high as 98.44% at 1,550 nm wavelength. The bit error rate (BER) test results showed that the BER rose from 10−17 to 10−4 when the pulse width increased from 0.1 to 1.0 ps. Meanwhile, the temperature fluctuation and signal strength degradation tests further validated the stability of the device under different operating conditions. These results demonstrate that the converter has significant potential to enhance data transmission capability. The study provides a valuable reference for further improving and optimizing data transmission over all-optical networks, which is expected to promote scientific advancement and technological applications in this field.
Numerical study of effect of the casing slot on the tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation of a fuel pump
Authors: Zhang Ting , Gao Xi , Li Huacong , Hao Xinyu
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to suppress the tip leakage vortex and cavitation of fuel pump by using the casing slot. The flow fields of the blades with different casing slots were studied by numerical simulation under the conditions of no cavitation and cavitation respectively. The results show that the loss with leakage vortex cavitation increases by 37 % compared with the condition without cavitation. Under cavitation conditions, the optimal scheme is c6 scheme, and the loss is reduced by 9.3 %. The tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation can be effectively reduced by casing slot. Under the condition of no cavitation, the tip leakage flow loss can be effectively reduced by the casing slot in a wide range of axial positions. After the casing slot is applied, the shape of the blade tip leakage vortex is significantly changed, the size of the leakage vortex is significantly reduced, and the loss is reduced. Under cavitation conditions, the casing slot can also effectively improve the tip flow field and inhibit leakage vortex cavitation. In a wide range of axial positions, the casing slot can effectively inhibit leakage vortex cavitation.
Penerapan Model Project Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Pawarta Kelas X SMAN 01 Tanjung Tahun Ajaran 2023-2024
Authors: Mulyanti Lisa Dewi , Alfiah Alfiah , Werdiningsih Yuli Kurniati
Published: February 2025

Students' lack of interest in learning to write the text of the Class X newspaper depends on the completeness of the content (elements of the newspaper), spelling and punctuation, and structure of the newspaper. This study aims to describe the results of applying the project-based learning model in learning to write news texts for Class X students of SMA N 01 Tanjung in the 2023-2024 academic year. This study is included in the experimental research with the descriptive quantitative approach. The data obtained in this study were collected by observation (observation) and questionnaire (questionnaire), while purposive sampling was used. The type used in this study is a one-shot case study. After data analysis, the results of this study are as follows: 1) in the aspect of knowledge, there are 28 students, or 78%, who obtained scores above the KKM, while 8 students, or 22%, have not completed the KKM. From the percentage, the completeness of the value was obtained at 77.27. 2). In the aspect of skills, there were 30 students, or 83%, obtained grades above KKM, while 6 students, or 17%, had not reached KKM completeness. From the present, the completeness value was obtained by 81.33. Thus, applying the project-based learning model in learning to write news text for class X9 students can influence the achievement of the specified learning goals.
Implementasi HOTS Dalam Distribusi Soal Ujian Sekolah Bahasa Jawa SMA di Provinsi DIY
Authors: Wulan Sri Hertanti , Ichsan Gita Yanamal Ichsan , Ekowati Venny Indria Ekowati
Published: February 2025

This research aims to be able to explain and describe the percentage of the use of HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) content in the Javanese High School Examination questions for the 2021/2022 school year in DIY Province, especially in the Yogyakarta City and Bantul Regency areas. This type of research uses descriptive research. The source of the data used is the question script for the Javanese High School Language Examination for the 2021/2022 school year in Yogyakarta City and Bantul Regency. The research data taken is in the form of question data that is only included in the HOTS category questions. The way data is collected is by documentation study. How to analyze data using interactive models are (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) data conclusions while for data validation using validity tests increasing persistence and reliability intrareter and interreter. The results in this research illustrate that the implementation of the HOTS category questions in the Javanese Language School Examination questions of SMA Kota Yogyakarta and Bantul Regency is distributed on the cognitive dimensions C4 (analysis) and C5 (evaluation). Meanwhile, the percentage of distribution of HOTS questions in the Javanese Language School Examination of Yogyakarta City High School amounted to 20% and Bantul Regency amounted to 16%. The comparison results of the implementation of HOTS questions in the School Examination still indicate that they are not proportionate to the demands of implementing HOTS questions that should be and illustrate that the quality of implementation of HOTS questions is still very lacking.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of varicose veins in the lower extremities
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kolosovych I.V. , Korolova Kh.O. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Korolova Zh.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2025

Varicose veins are a frequent, multifactorial disease. Despite its prevalence, the pathophysiological mechanism of varicose veins remains incompletely understood. According to various sources, the key mechanisms of the development of this disease are valvular insufficiency and changes in the venous wall. The fundamental question is whether valvular insufficiency precedes and affects the development of changes in the venous wall, or vice versa. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of the problem of studying the mechanisms of development of varicose veins of the lower extremities. This review presents the latest data on etiological, pathophysiological and pathogenetic factors involved in the development of varicose veins. Anatomical, ultrasound, and plethysmographic studies have proven that the presence of valvular insufficiency is often found in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities. Examination of the venous wall reveals structural remodeling in all three layers, hyperplasia of intimal cells and smooth myocytes. The structures of the extracellular matrix play a special role in changes in the venous wall. Changes in the structure of the veins further deepen the valve insufficiency, starting a vicious circle. In addition, the review examines the role of heredity, increased intraabdominal pressure, hormonal and other etiological and provoking factors of varicose veins.
Using Parks and Recreation Providers to Enhance Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Armstrong Sarah C. , Neshteruk Cody D. , Li Jennifer S. , Kraus William E. , Shah Svati , Story Mary , Zucker Nancy , Jones Jason , Perrin Eliana M. , Zizzi Alexandra R. , Burrows Joshua , Wagner Brooke E. , Windom McAllister , Truong Tracy , Hong Hwanhee , Skinner Asheley C.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE

Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT) is recommended for children aged 6–18 years with obesity. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of Fit Together, a health care and parks and recreation partnership to deliver IHBLT.

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial was conducted from 2018 to 2021. Youths (aged 5–17 years) with obesity were recruited from primary care clinics and randomized to a waitlist control or Fit Together (ie, clinical obesity care plus group-based lifestyle sessions at a local recreation center). Primary outcomes, child body mass index relative to the 95th percentile (BMIp95) and submaximal heart rate, were collected at baseline and 6 months. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess changes in primary outcomes for those affected and not affected by COVID-19 study disruptions.

RESULTS

Participants (n = 255) had a mean (SD) age of 10.0 (3.0) years, were 39% Hispanic, and were 38% non-Hispanic Black. Intervention youths not affected by COVID-19 disruptions experienced a significant decrease in BMIp95 (β = −3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.08 to −1.01) compared with controls. There was no difference in BMIp95 between intervention and control youths affected by COVID-19 disruptions (β = −3.25; 95% CI, −7.98 to 1.48). For the entire cohort, intervention youths had a significant decrease in BMIp95 compared with control youths (β = −3.32; 95% CI, −5.69 to −0.96). Submaximal heart rate was only available for the nondisrupted group, but there was no difference between intervention and control youths (β = −7.18; 95% CI, −16.12 to 1.76).

CONCLUSION

Effective child obesity treatment can be implemented in local communities through a partnership between clinical practices and parks and recreation providers. Future research will explore this model in combination with newer, more effective obesity treatments.
RNA-Binding Protein Lgals3, Ferroptosis, and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Lijia , Ye Zehua , Yang Songyuan , Xie Jinna , Li Haoyong , Zhou Xiangjun , Cheng Fan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome characterized by a precipitous decline in kidney function, posing a significant threat to patient survival. The role of RNA binding protein (RBP) in AKI remains insufficiently understood and we found an important RBP, Lgals3, that may mediate the progress of AKI.

Methods:

Lgals3-/- mice, Nr4a1-/- mice and cross-linking immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing were performed to examine the role of Lgals3 in AKI and the targeted binding proteins.

Results:

Lgals3 expression was notably elevated in vivo and in vitro AKI models. Inhibition of Lgals3 mitigated kidney injury in both in vivo and in vitro AKI models. Conversely, kidney-specific overexpression of Lgals3 exacerbated kidney damage. Mechanistically, Lgals3 bound to the 3’-untranslated region of Nr4a1 via AAUAAA, resulting in upregulation of Nr4a1 and subsequent enhancement of Bap1 transcription, facilitating ferroptosis in AKI. Moreover, knockout of Nr4a1 or inhibition of the region of AAUAAA by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) conferred protection against Lgals3-induced ferroptosis in AKI models.

Conclusions:

Lgals3 contributed to kidney injury by binding to the 3’UTR region of Nr4a1 via AAUAAA, leading to the activation of ferroptosis.
O acompanhamento terapêutico (AT) como movimento político pela liberdade
Authors: Alves Eduardo Pereira , Thurow Charlene Fernanda , Schneider Daniela Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

No início dos anos 2000 o cuidado em saúde mental passou a ser oferecido no território, concebido como uma rede de atenção psicossocial. Os serviços de saúde mental construíram novas formas de cuidado e novos olhares para o sofrimento psíquico grave. Foi um grande avanço que remodelou o cenário cultural e um longo processo de desinstitucionalização das práticas e dos discursos em relação à loucura. O Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT) é uma prática que nasceu junto aos movimentos de reforma na Saúde Mental, e se desenvolveu como uma clínica ampliada que se exerce fora do território institucional, buscando articular os elementos do seu cotidiano como estratégia terapêutica. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, foi o de tecer uma reflexão sobre a história da prática do AT e suas prerrogativas emancipatórias e territoriais no cuidado em saúde mental. A pesquisa teve um desenho exploratório e descritivo para alcançar os seus objetivos. A abordagem do estudo foi qualitativa, com base em entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que as práticas do AT no Brasil caminharam pari passu com os princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira e com o Modo de Atenção Psicossocial, constituindo-se como um potente dispositivo político de fortalecimento de direitos dos usuários, como o direito à cidade e a uma vida digna, e se colocam na mediação do resgate da cidadania, alimentado pelo desejo de reinserção social.
Liability for Damage Caused by Loadshedding: A Consideration of Whether Collective Action for Redress by Consumers in South Africa is Possible
Authors: Scott-Ngoepe Tshepiso
Published: February 2025

The Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA) seeks to advance the social and economic welfare of consumers in South Africa by protecting vulnerable consumers, amongst other things. Loadshedding, which is characterised by a chronic shortage in the supply of electricity, was introduced into South African society in 2007 as a mechanism to distribute the demand for electricity. Its purpose is to relieve the stress on the national power grid when the demand is high to prevent a national blackout. One of the impacts of the power surge when electricity is restored to the power grid is damage to consumer property such as electrical appliances. In section 61 the CPA makes provision for consumers to institute an action for liability flowing from damage caused by “goods”. This paper argues that section 61 may be a good legal basis for collective redress by consumers in South Africa against power suppliers such as Eskom and the local municipalities.
Quality management of programme reaccreditation at private higher education institutions in South Africa
Authors: Myburgh Zahida , Calitz Talita
Published: February 2025

Private higher education institutions (PHEIs) in South Africa must apply to the Higher Education Quality Committee, a standing committee of the Council on Higher Education (CHE), for the reaccreditation of existing accredited programmes. This article explores the internal quality management systems at PHEIs to manage the programme reaccreditation process. The conceptual framework for this study is the PHEI Open System Model which presumes the PHEI to be an open system. In an open system in this model, ‘input’ is filtered from the external to the internal environment and catalyses the conversion of resources (‘throughput’) into ‘output’, i.e., a reaccredited programme. The responses of a purposive sample of PHEIs were considered. This is a qualitative study whereby data was collected through semi-structured interviews which served to investigate how PHEIs manage the programme reaccreditation process and whether they present as open systems.
A framework for the development and improvement of computational thinking for high school learners using a programming language and learner management system
Authors: Rothman Wilhelm , De la Harpe André , Cronjé Johannes
Published: February 2025

Many educational departments are losing the battle against inefficient mathematics education. The Annual National Assessments (ANA) and World Economic Forum reports tell a story that performance is declining annually among learners in South Africa. The study was conducted among Grade 9 learners at a private high school in the Western Cape to establish a framework for computational thinking. The problem statement reads that it is not clear how high school learners’ computational thinking (CT) may be enhanced or improved at a cognitive level of formal operations. The research question posed is, ‘How can CT be enhanced, among high school learners, using a PL aligned to Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) theory?’ The research methodology was based on an interpretivist philosophy. The ontological underpinning of the study is subjective and the epistemological stance accepts opinions of learners through written, spoken and visual attributed meanings. The axiology of the researcher is that of a practising educator in programming, a teaching and learning expert and a certified Java-Alice-Greenfoot instructor through Oracle. The research strategy was based on educational design research as a validation study through interventions. Findings show that CT at a cognitive level of formal operations can be enhanced among learners through Greenfoot PL with APOS theory as lens. The support and recognition of the headmaster or line manager towards those involved in programming language (PL) and learning management system (LMS) education, determine the success of the roll-out.
The learning experiences of learners transitioning from rural and township schools to ex-Model C schools
Authors: Kanyopa Theresia Joakim , Hlalele Dipane Joseph
Published: February 2025

Soon after attaining democracy in 1994, the South African government introduced the Schools Act (No. 84 of 1996), which came to act as an instrument for the elimination of all segregation from the exclusionary education system of the apartheid era. The Schools Act proclaimed the right to education for all learners and provided the Department of Education with guidelines on removing all segregation features in the education system. The aim of this study was to examine the learning experiences of learners in an ex-Model C school who have transitioned from rural and township schools. The study was conceptualised within the theoretical framework of Purkey and Siegel’s invitational education theory. The participants and research site were selected using purposive and convenience sampling. Data were generated through art-based and focus group discussion methods. Findings from this study suggest that learners in ex-Model C schools experience both inviting and uninviting elements in the learning environment. Learners identified as inviting factors security, resources and small numbers of learners in the classroom, while as disinviting factors they mention language barriers, culturally oriented programmes and a lack of orientation. This paper argues that practices advised by invitational education theory should apply in every ex-Model C school environment in order to enhance the learning experiences of learners transitioning from rural and township schools.
Asthma & the Gut: Bridging the Unseen Connection
Authors: Ángel- Piñ Christian Del , Thuluz Meza-Menchaca
Published: February 2025

The human microbiome plays a significant role in the development, manifestation, and mitigation of asthma and allergic diseases. Asthma, a chronic disease affecting millions worldwide, is strongly associated with immune dysfunction, particularly hyperactivation of the T-helper 2 arm of adaptive immunity.
812.2 Lung FFPE Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Phenocycler-Fusion® Antibody Validation Protocol v1
Authors: Purkerson Jeffrey , S Pryhuber Gloria , Huyck Heidie , not provided gail.deutsch
Published: February 2025

This protocol describes validation of a 45-antibody panel used for multiplexed immunofluorescent (MxF) staining and imaging of FFPE lung tissue sections utilizing the Phenocycler-Fusion® 2.0 platform (Akoya Biosciences). The validation strategy involves staining two serial lung sections, one with a cocktail of 45 antibodies either custom (in-house) barcode-conjugated antibodies or antibody-barcoded conjugates sourced from Akoya Biosciences, and the second with the respective carrier-free, unconjugated (prior to conjugation with oligo barcode tag) control antibodies. The commercially conjugated Akoya-sourced antibodies were omitted from the second section. In addition, a section of kidney cortex was exposed to the fully conjugated antibody cocktail to confirm specificity of antibodies directed against lung specific markers, and specificity of pan-epithelial, endothelial, megakaryocyte, and immune cell markers in 2 different tissues (e.g. lung, kidney) as cross-organ, high level cell type validation. The protocol includes sections describing 1) Tissue sections, 2) Labeling with barcode-conjugated or unconjugated Ab, 3) Reporter Plate and Experimental Design, 4) Multiplexed Imaging and Image Upload to OMERO for review, and 5) Review criteria. Detailed descriptions of staining, imaging and conjugation procedures can be found in a companion protocol dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.6qpvr38dpvmk/v3.