bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Distribution of Callosobruchus spp. Attacking Stored Chickpea in Northern Tracts of West Bengal
Authors: Mounika Tumma , Sahoo S. K. , Chakraborty D.
Published: May 2022

Diversity of stored grain insects is often neglected, as many researchers and consumers think that it has a limited or no diversity as the consumer tolerance towards insect’s pest in stored grains is zero. In this context a survey was conducted in three districts i.e., Coochbehar, Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri districts of northern tracts of West Bengal to find the diversity of species of pulse beetle and its species abundance in stored chickpea during 2018-2020. In the collected chickpea seed samples, four species namely, Callosobruchus chinensis L., C. maculatus F., C. analis L. and Callosobruchus sp. (indet) unknown were observed. Coochbehar districts had highest diversity with species evenness (0.49), Brillouin index (1.17), Simpsons index (0.68), Shannon index (1.23), Hill index (0.49) and effective diversity (3.43) followed by Jalpaiguri with Species evenness (0.46), Brillouin index (1.04), Simpson index (0.64), Shannon index (1.09), hill index (0.48) and Effective diversity (2.99). Alipurduar district found lowest species diversity indices. Community structure of Callosobruchus spp. in three districts follows Null model which found as best fit model. It is inferred from the study that the northern tracts of West Bengal four species of pulse beetles are prevailing and further study needs to be undertaken for any strain variation of the pulse beetle in these areas.
Environment Friendly Indirect-direct Type Evaporative Cooling Technology: A Review
Authors: Vala K. V.
Published: May 2022

This paper reports a review based study into the two stage indirect- direct evaporative cooling technology, which is referred as two-stage evaporative cooling (TSEC) system. The direct-type (evaporative) cooling system is widely using natural cooling technology for storage of agricultural produce particularly fruits and vegetables because of its simplicity, eco-friendly and low-cost. But EC system is environment based and got the limitation that cooling of air can be done up to wet bulb temperature. To overcome this and owing to the continuous progress in cooling technology innovations are done by combining other indirect methods with direct type evaporative cooling system. Such system is known as two stage evaporative cooling, includes indirect and direct type cooling system. The indirect cooling has potential to be an alternative to conventional mechanical vapour compression refrigeration system to take up the air conditioning duty. Indirect cooling system is mostly heat exchanger(s) whereas direct cooling is wet pad type system. Combination of these two systems has obtained significantly enhanced cooling performance, with near to 90% and high energy efficiency ratio up to 80. The experimental and research work done on the indirect and direct cooling technology on the basis of their design, structural, type of indirect cooler, materials of construction,  pad materials, effectiveness and energy saving have been reviewed and presented. This review paper explains the working principles of two-stage evaporative cooling systems and its performance assessed. This system is energy efficient, environment friendly and having potential for cooling and storage of fruits and vegetables in countries where hot and dry weather prevails for most of the part.
Potentiality of Biofertilizers and Seaweed Extract on Growth & Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Bodapati Keerthi , Mehera Biswarup , Kumar Prateek , Seelam Raghavender Reddy , Gowriraja Gayethri , Sompalli Gowthami
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to understand and study the effect of commercial seaweed extract and other biofertilizers on the yield attributes and economics of cultivated sweet corn. The biofertilizers were applied as seed inoculants and seaweed extract was applied as foliar spray. Totally nine combination treatments were evaluated for their performance on the growth and yield of sweet corn and revealed that green cob yield (10.58 t/ha and plant height 145.99 cm at harvest ) was found to be significantly higher in treatment combination Azospirillum @10 gm/kg + PSB @10 gm/kg +5.0% Seaweed extract  and was on par with Azospirillum @20 gm/kg +5.0% Seaweed extract (9.61 t/ha, plant height 143.01 cm). Cobs/plant, grains rows/cob, grains /cob and grains/row were also found highest in the treatment Azospirillum @10 gm/kg + PSB @10 gm/kg +5.0% Seaweed extract. Similarly with respect to stover yield and higher harvest index (34.50%) was noticed in PSB @20 gm/kg +10% Seaweed extract which was followed by Azospirillum @10 gm/kg + PSB @10 gm/kg +5.0% Seaweed extract (34.40%). The benefit cost ratio was highest in the treatment  Azospirillum @10 gm/kg + PSB @10 gm/kg +5.0% (2.77) and lowest B:C ratio (1.2) was obtained in the PSB @20 gm/kg + water spray. These findings indicate that seaweed extract can generally be used as a safe potential multifunctional biofertilizer in the agricultural field. The use of seaweed and biofertilizer could potentially help mitigate the adverse effects of main nutrient deficiencies, diminishing the use of chemical fertilizers.
Influence of Plant Growth Regulator (TA-41) on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kaifee Md , Dawson Joy , Sharma Rahul , Pushkar Piyush
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The experiment was entitled as “Influence of plant growth regulator (TA-41) on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) which consisted of seven treatments and replicated thrice viz., T1: Control (No application), T2: TA-41 at 5.0 liter in 200 liter of water in 1 hectare, T3: TA-41 at 7.5 liter in 200 liter of water in 1 hectare, T4: TA-41 at 10.0 liter in 200 liter of water in 1 hectare, T5: TA-41 at 200 ml in 15 liters of water [full tank], T6: TA-41 at 300 ml in 15 liters of water [full tank] and T7: TA-41 at 400 ml in 15 liters of water [full tank]. he result of experiment showed that growth parameters viz., plant height (90.77 cm) significantly higher in treatment T2  with application of TA-41 at 5.0 liter in 200 liter of water in 1 hectare and dry weight (17.73 g), number of spikes/m2 (442.67), grains/spike (55.56), grain yield (6.88 t/ha) and straw yield (15.7 t/ha) were recorded significantly maximum in treatment T7 with application with TA-41 at 400 ml in 15 liters of water [full tank]. Maximum gross returns (1,85,732.00 INR/ha), net returns (1,32,637.47 INR/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.5) were also obtained highest in treatment T7 with application with TA-41 at 400 ml in 15 liters of water [full tank].
Effect of Citric Acid on Biofilm Formed by P. fluorescens Strains Isolated from Raw Milk Samples Offered for Consumption
Authors: Çelik Berrin
Published: May 2022

Aims: In this study, the antibiofilm activity of citric acid on P. fluorescens isolated from raw milk samples was studied.

Background: Due to the resistance it gives to Pseudomonas bacteria, the presence of biofilm has been mentioned in recent studies. Biofilm is defined as the irreversible mucoid layer that microorganisms form on any surface and milk biofilms, which are the cause of contamination in milk, are a major concern in the dairy industry.

Methods: In this study, antibiofilm activity of citric acid and chlorine was investigated in 16 Pseudomonas fluorescens strains isolated from raw milk samples. For this purpose, the prevention and removal of biofilm formation of P. fluorescens strains was determined comparatively after treatment with microtitration plates with chlorine or citric acid.

Results: It was found that after treatment of microplates with citric acid, biofilm formation in P. fluorescens isolates was prevented by 52% and eliminated by 71-78%. It was also found that after the microplates were treated with chlorine, biofilm formation was prevented by 48% and eliminated by 61%.

Conclusion: This study showed that it was observed that citric acid can be used as an antibiofilm against biofilms produced by P. fluorescens bacteria.
Impact of Paper Board Industry Effluent Irrigation to Agroforestry System on Changes in Soil Quality
Authors: Murali S. , Jawahar D. , Balasubramaniam P. , Maheswari M. , Ejilane J. , Pazhanivelan S.
Published: May 2022

The study assessed the impact of paper board industry effluent irrigation on soil quality under agroforestry system. The agroforestry system was maintained at the Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Paper Limited (TNPL) - Unit II located at Mondipatti Village, Manaparai Taluk, Trichy district, Tamil Nadu. The site is situated at the intersection of latitude 10º 41' N and longitude 78º 26" E. The soil analysis were carried out for various quality parameter as per standard procedure. The results reveals that application paper board industry effluent were significantly influenced the organic carbon, Available P, and K. Hydraulic conductivity of surface soils was ranged from 2.02 to 4.39 cm h-1 with the mean value of 3.27 cm h-1. Infiltration rate was ranged from 6.6 to 52.5 cm h-1 with the mean value of 23.0 cm h-1. Among the micronutrients status zinc was recorded below the critical level whereas cupper, iron and manganese were recorded above the critical level. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), Soil microbial population (Bacteria, Fungi and Actinomycetes) and enzyme activities (Urease and Phosphatase) were significantly higher when application with paper board industry effluents under agroforestry system. The activity of soil enzymes and MBC showed significant positive correlation with organic carbon, available water and pH. These findings reveal that paper board industry effluent act as an irrigation source and fertigation under agroforestry system.
As relações amorosas na Paraíba Imperial – os raptos consentidos no cotidiano das cidades
Authors: Santana Rosemere
Published: May 2022

Os raptos consentidos eram práticas comuns na Paraíba, inclusive, no período analisado, final do século XIX. Portanto, através dos raptos consentidos e toda a teia de relações que se construíram em torno deles e, ainda, as apropriações que foram feitas pelos indivíduos ao longo da trajetória dos raptos nos permitiu problematizar as relações de poder e nelas as estratégias de normatização das relações amorosas, bem como, as alternativas para tais relacionamentos. A análise dos raptos também nos possibilitou problematizar o lugar que ocupavam as mulheres, que se mostraram, não apenas como vítimas ou seduzidas, mas também sujeitos de suas ações e desejos; assim, a prática dos raptos consentidos apontava para a “antidisciplina” e à parte das táticas elaboradas pelos envolvidos para escapar das amarras da ordem, apontando para “as maneiras de fazer”.
Paul Ricouer: por uma Discussão da Narrativa
Authors: Souza Silva Vanuza
Published: May 2022

Paul Ricouer é um dos principais teóricos na pós-modernidade que discute a narrativa enquanto prática fundante de uma memória, ao mesmo tempo do silenciamento do passado. A narrativa para esse autor é constituidora do passado, que se materializa através de uma série de procedimentos. Compartilhando da ideia de Certeau de que a narrativa opera o passado, Ricouer discute os procedimentos fundamentais que fazem da memória um texto escrito, os quais tornam possível um testemunho se fazer documento arquivado. Diferente pois de Hayden White, Ricouer parte da ideia de que o referente não é apenas o texto. Aproximando-se mais de Certeau, o autor sugere que para a narrativa existir ela depende não apenas dos lugares sociais, teóricos e institucionais de quem a escreve, como também, do gesto de quem a ler. Desse modo, o leitor dos arquivos é outro momento importante para se pensar a constituição da narrativa do passado, complementando as teses que o autor criouem Tempo e narrativa.
A permanência do culto ás Ilhas Malvinas na atualidade e a sua relação com a história do tempo presente
Authors: Macedo da Rocha Santos Rafael
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é associar a devoção incondicional dos argentinos às ilhas Malvinas no passado com noções inerentes a uma nova prática de trabalho historiográfico: a História do Tempo Presente.
As Marias de Albrecht Dürer: reflexões a partir do estudo da liturgia e festividades cristãs dos séculos XV e XVI
Authors: Jaccoud Ribeiro Amaro Rachel
Published: May 2022

A partir de reflexões sobre as festas urbanas medievais, e como parte de uma pesquisa para a dissertação de mestrado que investiga a produção de gravuras de “Maria com a Criança”, executadas pelo gravador Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) de Nuremberg; o presente artigo pretende identificar como diversas referências à liturgia cristã e às festas urbanas vivenciadas nos séculos XV e XVI pela Cristandade Ocidental eram visualmente representadas em um tema que, por não tratar de um aspecto específico da vida de Maria, tinha um caráter essencialmente devocional. Para tanto, nos deteremos na análise das gravuras em metal, produzidas pelo mencionado gravador, por acreditarmos que as especificidades dessa técnica poderão mostrar que momentos litúrgicos podiam ser relembrados por diversos grupos sociais em momentos de devoção pessoal, a partir do surgimento e disseminação da gravura.
Lung Ultrasound in Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Ting Tracy V. , Mar Diane A. , Schapiro Andrew H. , Deluna Mariani D. , Saper Vivian E. , Grom Alexei A. , Schulert Grant S. , Fairchild Robert M.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated with lung disease (JIA‐LD) is a potentially life threating complication in children with systemic JIA. Although high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is considered the gold standard imaging modality for evaluating interstitial lung disease (ILD), lung ultrasound (US) has shown utility for ILD screening in adults with connective tissue diseases at lower cost and without using ionizing radiation. The goals of this pilot study were to describe lung US features in children with known systemic JIA‐LD and to assess the feasibility of lung US in this population.

Methods

Children age <18 years with systemic JIA‐LD and healthy controls were enrolled. Lung US acquisition was performed at 14 lung positions. Demographic, clinical, and HRCT data were collected and reviewed. Feasibility was assessed through patient surveys. Lung US findings were qualitatively and semiquantitatively assessed and compared to HRCT findings.

Results

Lung US was performed in 9 children with systemic JIA‐LD and 6 healthy controls and took 12 minutes on average to perform. Lung US findings in systemic JIA‐LD included focal to diffuse pleural irregularity, granularity, and thickening, with associated scattered or coalesced B‐lines, and subpleural consolidations. Lung US findings appeared to correspond to HRCT findings.

Conclusion

Lung US in systemic JIA‐LD reveals highly conspicuous abnormalities in the pleura and subpleura that appear to correlate with peripheral lung findings on HRCT. Lung US is a feasible imaging tool in children even from an early age. This study suggests a potential role of lung US in systemic JIA‐LD screening, diagnosis, and/or prognostication.
Probiotic Engineering and Targeted Sonoimmuno‐Therapy Augmented by STING Agonist
Authors: Lu Dan , Wang Liying , Wang Liping , An Liwei , Huo Minfeng , Xu Huixiong , Shi Jianlin
Published: May 2022

Tumor targeting and effective immunomodulation are of critical significance during tumor treatment by sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, the probiotic engineering of the clinically approved sonosensitizer (hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)) is reported onto the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacteria Longum (BiL) for sonosensitive bifidobacterium construction (HMME@BiL cells). Based on the hypoxic tropism feature of the strain, effective tumor‐targeted sonodynamic therapeutics can be achieved both in vitro and in vivo. To improve the immunological responses against tumor during sonodynamics, a recently‐developed stimulator of interferon genes immune agonist SR717 has been employed to improve the anti‐tumor immunity with prominent activities, eradicating both primary and metastatic tumors with high efficiency and satisfied biocompatibility. The present work provides a promising paradigm of microbiotic nanomedicine in a sophisticated sonoimmunotherapeutic strategy against malignant tumors.
Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Pattern Is All You Need for Machine‐Learning‐Based Symmetry Identification and Property Prediction
Authors: Lee Byung Do , Lee Jin-Woong , Park Woon Bae , Park Joonseo , Cho Min-Young , Pal Singh Satendra , Pyo Myoungho , Sohn Kee-Sun
Published: May 2022

Herein, data‐driven symmetry identification, property prediction, and low‐dimensional embedding from powder X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of inorganic crystal structure database (ICSD) and materials project (MP) entries are reported. For this purpose, a fully convolutional neural network (FCN), transformer encoder (T‐encoder), and variational autoencoder (VAE) are used. The results are compared to those obtained from a well‐established crystal graph convolutional neural network (CGCNN). A task‐specified small dataset that focuses on a narrow material system, knowledge (rule)‐based descriptor extraction, and significant data dimension reduction are not the main focus of this study. Conventional powder XRD patterns, which are most widely used in materials research, can be used as a significantly informative material descriptor for deep learning. Both the FCN and T‐encoder outperform the CGCNN for symmetry classification. For property prediction, the performance of the FCN concatenated with multilayer perceptron reaches the performance level of CGCNN. Machine‐learning‐driven material property prediction from the powder XRD pattern deserves appreciation because no such attempts have been made despite common XRD‐driven symmetry (and lattice size) prediction and phase identification. The ICSD and MP data are embedded in the 2D (or 3D) latent space through the VAE, and well‐separated clustering according to the symmetry and property is observed.
A Bio‐Inspired Neuromorphic Sensory System
Authors: Wang Tong , Wang Xiao-Xue , Wen Juan , Shao Zhe-Yuan , Huang He-Ming , Guo Xin
Published: May 2022

The advent of the intelligent society leads to the exponential growth of information, imposing urgent requirements in a time‐ and energy‐efficient way to process information where data are generated. This issue can be addressed by the neuromorphic paradigm of computing inspired by biological sensory systems that build up the association between external stimuli and the response of an organism in real‐time; in the paradigm, a neuromorphic system is integrated with sensors to form an artificial sensory system. Herein, a neuromorphic sensory system with integrated capabilities of gas sensing, data storage, and processing is demonstrated. Leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) neurons, the basic computing units in the system, are realized with volatile memristive device Pt/Ag/TaOx/Pt; sensory neurons, i.e., the LIF neurons connected with an array of gas sensors, detect gases and convert the chemical information of gases into neural spikes; synapses based on nonvolatile memristive device Pt/Ta/TaOx/Pt transmit the signals from sensory neurons to relay neurons according to synaptic weights, which are trained by the supervised spike‐rate dependent plasticity; relay neurons then process the signals from the synapses and classify gases. The approach of this work can also be applied to emulate other biological perceptions through the integration with different sensors.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Computed Tomography for Suspected Acute Stroke: Association of Admission Image Modality with Acute Recanalization Therapies, Workflow Metrics, and Outcomes
Authors: Fischer Urs , Branca Mattia , Bonati Leo H. , Carrera Emmanuel , Vargas Maria I. , Platon Alexandra , Kulcsar Zsolt , Wegener Susanne , Luft Andreas , Seiffge David J. , Arnold Marcel , Michel Patrik , Strambo Davide , Dunet Vincent , De Marchis Gian Marco , Schelosky Ludwig , Andreisek Gustav , Barinka Filip , Peters Nils , Fisch Loraine , Nedeltchev Krassen , Cereda Carlo W. , Kägi Georg , Bolognese Manuel , Salmen Stephan , Sturzenegger Rolf , Medlin Friedrich , Berger Christian , Renaud Susanne , Bonvin Christophe , Schaerer Michael , Mono Marie‐Luise , Rodic Biljana , Psychogios Marios , Mordasini Pasquale , Gralla Jan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Meinel Thomas R. ,   Investigators of the Swiss Stroke Registry
Published: May 2022

Objective

To examine rates of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), mechanical thrombectomy (MT), door‐to‐needle (DTN) time, door‐to‐puncture (DTP) time, and functional outcome between patients with admission magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus computed tomography (CT).

Methods

An observational cohort study of consecutive patients using a target trial design within the nationwide Swiss‐Stroke‐Registry from January 2014 to August 2020 was carried out. Exclusion criteria included MRI contraindications, transferred patients, and unstable or frail patients. Multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression with multiple imputation was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for IVT, MT, DTN, DTP, and good functional outcome (mRS 0–2) at 90 days.

Results

Of the 11,049 patients included (mean [SD] age, 71 [15] years; 4,811 [44%] women; 69% ischemic stroke, 16% transient ischemic attack, 8% stroke mimics, 6% intracranial hemorrhage), 3,741 (34%) received MRI and 7,308 (66%) CT. Patients undergoing MRI had lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (median [interquartile range] 2 [0–6] vs 4 [1–11]), and presented later after symptom onset (150 vs 123 min, p < 0.001). Admission MRI was associated with: lower adjusted odds of IVT (aOR 0.83, 0.73–0.96), but not with MT (aOR 1.11, 0.93–1.34); longer adjusted DTN (+22 min [13–30]), but not with longer DTP times; and higher adjusted odds of favorable outcome (aOR 1.54, 1.30–1.81).

Interpretation

We found an association of MRI with lower rates of IVT and a significant delay in DTN, but not in DTP and rates of MT. Given the delays in workflow metrics, prospective trials are required to show that tissue‐based benefits of baseline MRI compensate for the temporal benefits of CT. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:184–194
A Bioinspired Iron‐Molybdenum μ‐Nitrido Complex and Its Reactivity toward Ammonia Formation
Authors: Su Linan , Yang Dawei , Jiang Yang , Li Yahui , Di Kai , Wang Baomin , Ye Shengfa , Qu Jingping
Published: May 2022

Multimetallic nitride species, especially those containing biologically related iron or molybdenum, are fundamentally important to understand the nitrogen reduction process catalysed by FeMo‐nitrogenase. However, until now, there remains no report about the construction of structurally well‐defined FeMo heteronuclear nitrido complex and its reactivity toward ammonia formation. Herein, a novel thiolate‐bridged FeIIMoVI complex featuring a bent Fe−N≡Mo fragment is synthesized and structurally characterized, which can be easily protonated to form a μ‐imido complex. Subsequently, through the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, this imido species can smoothly convert into the μ‐amido complex, which can further undergo reductive protonation to afford the FeMo complex containing an ammine ligand. Overall, we present the first well‐defined {Fe(μ‐S)2Mo} platform that can give a panoramic picture for the late stage (N3−→NH2−→NH2−→NH3) of biological nitrogen reduction by the heterometallic cooperativity.
Selective, Anisotropic, or Consistent Polarized‐Photon Out‐Coupling of 2D Organic Microcrystals
Authors: Li Zhong‐Qiu , Ma Dian‐Xue , Xu Fa‐Feng , Dan Ti‐Xiong , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Zhao Yong Sheng , Yao Jiannian , Zhong Yu‐Wu
Published: May 2022

Nano‐ and micromaterials with anisotropic photoluminescence and photon transport have widespread application prospects in quantum optics, optoelectronics, and displays. But the nature of the polarization information of the out‐coupled light, with respect to that of the source luminescence, has never been explored in active optical‐waveguiding organic crystals. Herein, three different modes (selective, anisotropic, and consistent) of polarized‐photon out‐coupling are proposed and successfully implemented in a set of 2D organic microcrystals with highly linearly‐polarized luminescence. It is found that the polarization direction and degree of the luminescence out‐coupled through different waveguiding channels can either be essentially retained or distinctly changed with respect to those of the original luminescence, depending on the molecular arrangement and the orientation of transition dipole moments of the crystal. This work demonstrates the promising potential of 2D emissive microcrystals in multi‐channel polarized photon transport.
Unprecedented Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism in a Cr2+‐Based Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Ai Yong , Sun Rong , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Song Xian‐Jiang , Tang Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: May 2022

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have gained tremendous interest for their rich functional properties. However, the coexistence of more than one of ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity has been rarely found in OIHPs. Herein, we report a two‐dimensional Cr2+‐based OIHP, [3,3‐difluorocyclobutylammonium]2CrCl4 ([DFCBA]2CrCl4), which shows both ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. It undergoes a 4/mmmFm type ferroelectric phase transition at a temperature as high as 387 K and shows multiaxial ferroelectricity with a saturate polarization of 2.1 μC cm−2. It acts as a soft ferromagnet with a Curie temperature of 32.6 K. This work throws light on the exploration of OIHPs with the coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism for applications in future multifunctional smart devices.
Synthesis of Twisted Anthracenes: Induction of Twist Chirality by the Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Tsuchiya Motoki , Inoue Ryo , Tanaka Kentaro , Morisaki Yasuhiro
Published: May 2022

Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane was employed as chiral scaffolds to twist an anthracene ring by tethering at its 1‐ and 8‐positions; thus, twist chirality was induced in the anthracene moiety. The chiroptical properties of the resulting molecule, including circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), were found to be derived from the twist chirality. An analogous molecule bearing long alkyl chains was a viscous liquid at ambient temperature, and its liquid film exhibited good CD and CPL profiles. Theoretical studies are carried out to determine the origin of these properties in the ground and excited states, which reproduced well the experimental results.
Association between homocysteine levels in acute stroke and poststroke depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Yupei , Zou Hua , Peng Meidi , Chen Yan
Published: May 2022

Background

Homocysteine (Hcy) has been confirmed to be associated with depression, but its relationship with poststroke depression (PSD) remains controversial. So far, there is no meta‐analysis of the correlation between Hcy level in acute stroke and PSD.

Methods

A systematic search of a sub‐database of studies reporting the level of Hcy in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and PSD as of November 2021 was performed. Data extraction was performed strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All data were analyzed using STATA 11.0. The standardized root mean square difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare continuous variables.

Results

A total of 11 studies were included in this study, including 2789 participants. The results of this meta‐analysis showed that admission the levels of Hcy were significantly higher in PSD survivors, compared to non‐PSD survivors (SMD = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.07–0.66, P ＜ .001). Subgroup analysis showed that survivors with PSD diagnosed more than 3 months after stroke had significantly different the levels of from non‐PSD survivors (6 months: SMD = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.40–0.82, 9 months: SMD = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.59–1.41).

Conclusion

The level of Hcy in the acute phase of ischemic stroke is a risk factor for PSD.
Monolithic Al2O3 Xerogels with Hierarchical Meso‐/Macropore System as Catalyst Supports for Methanation of CO2
Authors: Abel Ken Luca , Beger Tobias , Poppitz David , Zimmermann Ronny T. , Kuschel Oliver , Sundmacher Kai , Gläser Roger
Published: May 2022

Cylindrical, cm‐sized monolithic Al2O3 xerogels with hierarchical meso‐/macropore system were prepared by sol‐gel synthesis. The influence of both solvent exchange and drying on monolith stability and the resulting pore system was studied following mass and volume of the monolith as well as by porosimetry and electron microscopy. Crack‐free drying of the monoliths requires a proper management of drying stress. This is achieved by adjusting the drying rate and solvent exchange procedure applied to the intermediate lyogels. Moreover, mainly through differences in capillary pressure, changing the pore fluid allows an adjustment of the mesopore width from 7.6 nm to 10.5 nm. Neither solvent exchange nor drying affect the macropores, the width of which stays at 1.5 μm. Finally, CO2 methanation over Ni‐impregnated Al2O3 monoliths reveals CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity comparable to an industrial Ni/Al2O3 benchmark catalyst.
Electron Transfer Kinetics in Ethaline/Water Mixtures: An Apparent Non‐Marcus Behavior in a Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Zhen Fangchen , Hapiot Philippe
Published: May 2022

Effects of water on the charge‐transfer (CT) kinetics in deep eutectics solvents (DES) have been investigated in ethaline (1 : 2 choline chloride+ethylene glycol), taken as a prototypical example of a hydrophilic DES. Standard heterogeneous CT rate constants ks were measured for two redox couples: 1,1’‐ferrocene‐dimethanol/1,1’‐ferrocenium‐dimethanol and ferro‐/ferricyanide on a glassy carbon electrode in ethaline as function of the water amount in the DES. Contrarily to the behavior reported in classical solvents and in apparent contradiction with the Marcus Theory, ks values show very little or no variation with the amount of water in the DES or the changes of viscosities or diffusion coefficients that are observed. This unexpected phenomenon is discussed as function of the known physical‐chemistry parameters of ethaline.
Computational Prediction of the Adsorption Equilibrium for Ionic Surfactants at the Electrified Oil/Water Interface
Authors: Yamauchi Atsuki , Eda Kazuo , Osakai Toshiyuki
Published: May 2022

In a previous study (Somekawa et al., Langmuir 2019, 35, 11345–11350) a non‐Bornian solvation model was successfully applied to computational prediction of the adsorption equilibrium for nonionic surfactants at the oil (O)/water (W) interface. In this study, the method was extended to the adsorption of “ionic” surfactants at the polarized O/W interface. In this extension, the electrostatic potential of an ionic surfactant in the electric double layer formed at the O/W interface was taken into account together with the chemical potential estimated using the non‐Bornian solvation model. The calculation results clearly showed that a cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion) was adsorbed at the nitrobenzene/W interface, when the interfacial potential was negative. This prediction was consistent with the previous experimental observation using electrocapillary measurements.
Winter‐type oilseed pennycress crop staging guide
Authors: Verhoff Kyle , Phippen Winthrop , Heller Nicholas , Lindsey Alexander
Published: May 2022

Oilseed pennycress (Thalspi arvense L.) is a crop that has undergone domestication for use as a new oilseed option in parts of the United States for use in biofuel and livestock feed production but does not yet have management resources such as a growth staging guide. Winter types of this crop may have utility in existing summer annual rotations throughout much of the U.S. Midwest by growing during the fall/winter fallow period. This guide contains an adaptation of the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH)‐staging method used in other oilseeds and integrates management considerations and key physiological development stages for this new crop. The implementation of substages within a predominant phase of growth in this guide is more reflective of the Feekes growth staging system for small grains with which U.S. Midwest producers commonly use. Utilization of a common staging system for winter‐type pennycress will help with development of future management guides and pesticide labeling practices and will help connect producers and consultants to ensure management practices are employed at the appropriate growth stages.
Fe2 Dimers for Non‐Polar Diatomic O2 Electroreduction
Authors: Fan Ruxue , Wang Haiyan , Zheng Xiaozhong , Chen Jiadong , Ou Yang , Wang Yong , Mao Shanjun
Published: May 2022

Non‐polar diatomic molecule activation is of great significance for catalysis. Despite the high atomic efficiency, the catalytic performance of single‐atom catalysts is limited by insufficient receiving sites for diatomic molecule adsorption. Here, Fe2 dimers were successfully synthesized through precisely regulating the metal loading on metal‐organic frameworks. The unique role of metal dimers in activating diatomic O2 molecules was explored. In alkaline electrolytes, the specific oxygen reduction reaction activity of Fe2 dimers was 7 times higher than that of Fe1 counterparts. The hydrogen atom transfer probes indicated a different activation mode for O2 on Fe1 and Fe2 dimers, respectively. Theoretical calculation results revealed that Fe2 dimers opened up a new reaction pathway by promoting the direct breaking of O=O bonds, thus avoiding the usual formation of *OOH intermediates, which helped explain the lower H2O2 yield and higher specific activity.
FL118, acting as a ‘molecular glue degrader’, binds to, dephosphorylates and degrades the oncoprotein DDX5 (p68) to control c‐Myc, survivin and mutant Kras against colorectal and pancreatic cancer with high efficacy
Authors: Ling Xiang , Wu Wenjie , Aljahdali Ieman A. M. , Liao Jianqun , Santha Sreevidya , Fountzilas Christos , Boland Patrick M. , Li Fengzhi
Published: May 2022

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a difficult‐to‐treat cancer, is expected to become the second‐largest cause of cancer‐related deaths by 2030, while colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PDAC patients. The development of novel agents to effectively treat these cancers remains an unmet clinical need. FL118, a novel anticancer small molecule, exhibits high efficacy against cancers; however, the direct biochemical target of FL118 is unknown.

Methods

FL118 affinity purification, mass spectrometry, Nanosep centrifugal device and isothermal titration calorimetry were used for identifying and confirming FL118 binding to DDX5/p68 and its binding affinity. Immunoprecipitation (IP), western blots, real‐time reverse transcription PCR, gene silencing, overexpression (OE) and knockout (KO) were used for analysing gene/protein function and expression. Chromatin IP was used for analysing protein‐DNA interactions. The 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromid assay and human PDAC/CRC cell/tumour models were used for determining PDAC/CRC cell/tumour in vitro and in vivo growth.

Results

We discovered that FL118 strongly binds to, dephosphorylates and degrades the DDX5 oncoprotein via the proteasome degradation pathway without decreasing DDX5 mRNA. Silencing and OE of DDX5 indicated that DDX5 is a master regulator for controlling the expression of multiple oncogenic proteins, including survivin, Mcl‐1, XIAP, cIAP2, c‐Myc and mutant Kras. Genetic manipulation of DDX5 in PDAC cells affects tumour growth. PDAC cells with DDX5 KO are resistant to FL118 treatment. Our human tumour animal model studies further indicated that FL118 exhibits high efficacy to eliminate human PDAC and CRC tumours that have a high expression of DDX5, while FL118 exhibits less effectiveness in PDAC and CRC tumours with low DDX5 expression.

Conclusion

DDX5 is a bona fide FL118 direct target and can act as a biomarker for predicting PDAC and CRC tumour sensitivity to FL118. This would greatly impact FL118 precision medicine for patients with advanced PDAC or advanced CRC in the clinic. FL118 may act as a ‘molecular glue degrader’ to directly glue DDX5 and ubiquitination regulators together to degrade DDX5.
Resource selection by greater sage‐grouse varies by season and infrastructure type in a Colorado oil and gas field
Authors: Walker Brett L.
Published: May 2022

Energy development is one of the most rapidly increasing land uses in North America, so understanding how wildlife respond to different types of energy infrastructure is crucial for informing land‐use policies. Effects of energy development on wildlife habitat use and selection can vary depending on infrastructure type, level of industrial activity, and density. I examined seasonal habitat use and selection of greater sage‐grouse in relation to energy development in a high‐elevation oil and gas field in western Colorado by linking spatially and temporally explicit energy infrastructure layers with telemetry locations of marked females from 2006 to 2014. Objectives were to (1) quantify energy infrastructure around seasonal use locations; (2) examine how seasonal resource selection is affected by energy infrastructure with disturbed versus reclaimed surface and different levels of industrial activity; and (3) assess current surface disturbance and infrastructure density caps. Between 92% and 97% of seasonal use locations had <3% disturbed surface within 1000 m. After accounting for landcover and topography, breeding and wintering females selected locations with less disturbed, reclaimed, and total anthropogenic surface. Breeding females selected locations farther from high‐activity well pads and facilities. In contrast, females selected locations with low to intermediate values of disturbed and reclaimed surface and locations closer to pipelines and roads in summer–fall. This is the first evidence that greater sage‐grouse select locations with energy infrastructure in any season and suggests that responses to energy development may differ between mesic and arid sagebrush ecosystems. Females avoided locations with >1.1%–2.5% disturbed surface during breeding and winter and selected locations with lower densities of active energy features during breeding and roads in winter. Density caps of one active energy feature and 1.5 mi (2.41 km) of road per section were adequate to prevent avoidance except during the breeding season. Disturbance caps should be set at 1.1% disturbed surface and 1.8% total anthropogenic surface in breeding habitat and 2.5% disturbed surface and 3.5% total anthropogenic surface in winter habitat to minimize negative impacts on female habitat selection in this population. Results also support timing restrictions on construction and drilling during breeding and rapid transitioning of well pads from drilling to production.
Outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using DELIVER‐like endpoint definitions
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Filippatos Gerasimos , Zannad Faiez , Ferreira João Pedro , Pocock Stuart J. , Brueckmann Martina , Zeller Cordula , Packer Milton , Butler Javed
Published: May 2022

Aims

To report data from EMPEROR‐Preserved according to prespecified endpoints of DELIVER.

Methods and results

In order to assess the impact of DELIVER‐like definition on EMPEROR‐Preserved outcomes, the following differences were reconciled: (1) the primary outcome in DELIVER added urgent heart failure (HF) visits to cardiovascular death or HF hospitalizations; (2) the EMPEROR‐Preserved trial did not require documentation of physical findings or laboratory tests for confirming a HF hospitalization and it included events of 12–24 h if intensification of treatment was not only oral diuretics; (3) DELIVER excluded undetermined causes of deaths from the primary endpoint; (4) the composite renal endpoint in DELIVER included a sustained ≥50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and incorporated renal death; and (5) DELIVER will assess outcomes in the overall population and in patients with ejection fraction (EF) <60% separately. Using the endpoint definitions from DELIVER, the primary outcome overall occurred in 13.1% in the empagliflozin and 16.8% in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.87; p < 0.0001). The relative risk reduction (RRR) changed from 21% to 24% when urgent HF visits were added, and undetermined death was eliminated. Compared to overall population RRR of 24%, it was 28% in patients with EF <60%. Death from cardiovascular causes excluding undetermined causes occurred in 6.2% in the empagliflozin and in 7.1% in the placebo group (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.73–1.07). The RRR for the composite renal endpoint changed from 22% in the overall population (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.54–1.13) to 40% when patients with EF <60% were assessed (p = 0.037).

Conclusion

Findings from EMPEROR‐Preserved were modestly altered when analysed using cardiovascular trial endpoint definitions of the DELIVER trial. For the composite renal endpoint, the effect of empagliflozin became statistically significant in patients with EF <60% using the DELIVER definition.
Solvated Actinoids: Methanol, Ethanol, and Water Adducts of Thorium and Uranium Tetrachloride
Authors: Kasperowicz Thomas , Flosbach Niko T. , Grödler Dennis , Kasperowicz Hannah , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Rennebaum Tobias , Wickleder Mathias S. , Zegke Markus
Published: May 2022

The solvent adducts of the tetravalent actinoid chlorides ThCl4 and UCl4 have been isolated with methanol as [ThCl4(MeOH)4] 1 and [UCl4(MeOH)4] 2, and with ethanol as [ThCl4(EtOH)4] 3 and [UCl4(EtOH)4] 4. In hydrochloric acid [ThCl2(H2O)7](Cl)2(H2O)2 5 forms, which is isotypic to the known [UCl2(H2O)7](Cl)2(H2O)2 6. The adducts have been analysed using SXRD, IR, CHN, TGA‐MS and PXRD. The material can be isolated from saturated organic (1–4) or acidic aqueous (5–6) solutions, however, drying of the isolated material results in loss of HCl and the formation of oxide species, confirmed by the isolation of U3O8 after complete thermal decomposition.
Coping expectancies and disability across the new ICD‐11 chronic pain categories: A large‐scale registry study
Authors: Munk Alice , Jacobsen Henrik Børsting , Reme Silje Endresen
Published: May 2022

Background

Recently, a new classification system for chronic pain was included in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11). This study aims to investigate how expectancies of coping, that is pain catastrophizing and general self‐efficacy, are associated with ICD‐11 chronic pain categories in a large pain clinic population. Furthermore, we investigate how coping expectancies are associated with pain‐related disability, cross‐sectionally and longitudinally across the novel pain classifications.

Methods

The sample was retrieved from the Oslo University Hospital Pain Registry and included baseline data from 2875 chronic pain patients and 12‐month follow‐up data for 920 patients. Demographic and clinical variables were compared across the ICD‐11 chronic pain categories through ANOVA. Multiple regression models were carried out to investigate cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations.

Results

With the exception of age, our data showed no significant differences across the ICD‐11 chronic pain categories. Coping expectancies were associated with disability at baseline. At 12‐month follow‐up, coping expectancies did not predict pain‐related disability when controlling for baseline levels of disability, pain intensity and pain duration. Pain classification (primary vs secondary) did not contribute significantly to the models. Helplessness had the strongest simple relationship to disability, compared with global pain catastrophizing and its additional subscales, both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally.

Conclusion

Coping expectancies, pain intensity and pain‐related disability appear similar across the novel chronic pain classifications, indicating that all pain patients may benefit from targeting these variables. Consistent with recent developments in stress theory, helplessness and self‐efficacy were cross‐sectionally associated with negative pain outcomes.

Significance

Levels of coping expectancies, demographic characteristics, pain‐related disability and pain intensity are similar across all ICD‐11 chronic pain diagnostic categories. Thus, chronic primary pain is not stronger associated with psychosocial factors such as catastrophizing and self‐efficacy than chronic secondary pain. Therefore, chronic pain patients, independent of diagnosis, may benefit from the assessment of these psychosocial factors and targeted interventions such as CBT should be considered.
Patient complexity, depression, and quality of life in patients with epilepsy at an epilepsy center in Japan
Authors: Kishi Yasuiro , Takumi Ichiro , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Ishimaru Takako , Thurber Steven
Published: May 2022

Objective

The relationship between care complexity and quality of life among patients with epilepsy has not been assessed, especially in Japan. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that care complexity is associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and mood disturbance.

Method

This was an observational cross‐sectional study. The study included a consecutive series of 49 patients who newly visited an epilepsy center. Study participants were administered standardized quantitative measures of HRQOL, case complexity, and depression.

Results

Patient complexity predicted lower HRQL scores. Data on the social and psychological complexity domains predicted patient HRQOL findings more accurately than data from the biological domain of the case complexity scale. Seizure frequency was unrelated to HRQOL findings in this study. Additionally, depression scores were also associated with lower HRQOL.

Significance

A patient complexity assessment, including psychological and social domains, may be one of the key tools in epilepsy treatment settings. Further studies using larger random selection from patients with epilepsy are necessary to generalize the findings to patients in other epilepsy programs.