bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint observatories following a single male Cachalot during 12 weeks —The Yukusam story
Authors: Spong Paul , Symonds Helena , Glotin Herve , Towers Jared , larsson lisa , Dakin Thomas , Veirs Scott , Zwamborn Elizabeth , pilkinton james , Giraudet Pascale , Veirs Val , Wood Jason , Ford John
Published: October 2018

From 11 February to 31 March 2018, a lone male sperm whale visited coastal waters from the northeast to southern ends of Vancouver Island. This whale, named "Yukusam" after the Namgis First Nation word for Hanson Island, near where the whale was first observed and recorded, is the first sperm whale recorded acoustically in the area since 1984 and is the only sperm whale ever observed in coastal waters between Vancouver Island and continental North America. The Yukusam tracking story is a showcase for the potential of acoustic observatory collaborations. Tracking a single animal over such time and distance is remarkable. It obviously helped that Yukusam was the only sperm whale in the area, but still, the experience hints at the potential for using diverse independent observatories collaboratively. We then aim to see all the observatories running automated detection classification and location software and having all the data tied in to a public database for a total of almost 500 Gb of recordings, with labels. Supplemental material @ http://sabiod.org/yukusam
Single-hydrophone automated passive acoustic ranging of fin whales at Station ALOHA
Authors: Rideout Brendan P. , Nosal Eva-Marie
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a technique for performing passive underwater acoustic ranging with data from a single hydrophone and builds upon earlier localization approaches which estimate the sound source position using times of arrival of acoustic energy traveling along direct and/or interface-reflecting paths between source and receiver. In this work, measured time differences between interface-reflecting and direct path arrival times are compared with a set of model-predicted time differences calculated over a set of candidate source ranges in a way that does not require measured arrival paths to be labeled (e.g., direct, surface bounce, bottom bounce, etc.). The modeled set with the best match to the measured data indicates the best estimate of source range. To enable the processing of multi-year data sets, the detection and localization steps are automated and, where possible, multi-threaded to improve computational efficiency on multi-core computer processors. This approach is demonstrated using 20-Hz fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) calls recorded by the ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO), 100 km N of Oahu (Hawaii) in 4782 m of water.
Seabed reflection measurement results shed light on theories of acoustic propagation in marine sediments
Authors: Holland Charles W. , Dettmer Jan , Dosso Stan E.
Published: October 2018

Marine sediments are inherently a complex assemblage of solid particles (of size ranging over five orders of magnitude) with fluid-filled interstices sometimes containing gas. The mechanisms that govern the dispersive wave speeds and concomitant attenuation are still hotly debated. In order to shed light on the mechanisms and current theoretical approaches to approximating them, measurements of in-situ sediments are desirable since they provide the natural complexity desirable for testing theories against realistic sediment structures. On the other hand, in-situmeasurements present significant challenges since seabed effects must be separated from other ocean processes, e.g., water column variability, biologics and sea surface roughness, and bubbles. Seabed reflection measurements offer one way to mitigate unwanted ocean processes. Reflection-derived observations are presented that shed light on current sediment acoustic models. In addition, experiments are proposed which will further test and help guide sediment acoustics theoretical developments. [Work supported by the ONR Ocean Acoustics Program.]
Uncertainty quantification and spatial variability of velocity- and attenuation-frequency dependence along a 14-km seabed survey on the Malta Plateau
Authors: Dettmer Jan , Holland Charles W. , Dosso Stan E.
Published: October 2018

We study compressional-wave frequency dependence of sound velocity and attenuation in the seabed by inverting reflectivity data recorded by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) on the Malta Plateau along a 14-km survey track. The AUV towed a 32-hydrophone array and a source emitting signals at ~4-m intervals in two frequency bands (900–1300 and 1900–3600 Hz). The reflection data are processed in terms of reflection coefficients which results in ~1500 data sets, each with a seabed footprint of <20 m. For efficient Bayesian uncertainty quantification, a trans-dimensional particle filter is applied. The dataset provides a usable frequency bandwidth of 1000–3400 Hz to study velocity- and attenuation-frequency dependence which is modelled with viscous grain shearing theory. The trans-dimensional model allows frequency-dependence inferences as a function of depth while fully accounting for the unknown seabed stratification which substantially affects the estimates. Finally, the AUV acquisition provides the means to study the frequency-dependent seabed variability at mesoscales of several meters which are poorly understood. [Data are from CLUTTER JRP, a collaboration of ARL-PSU, DRDC, CMRE, and NRL. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.]
Ultrasonic assisted large diameter PBX substitute composites compaction and its mechanical properties
Authors: Lyu Kezhen
Published: October 2018

The rates of densification and density uniformity are a key performance of PBX parts. Based on ultrasonic vibration technology, this paper designs and manufactures an upper and lower 20 kHz longitudinal and radial vibration assisted molding system with a 200 mm diameter compacting part at the center axis. In this work, PBX substitute composite was successfully fabricated by pressing of powder with ultrasonic vibration and the influence of ultrasonic vibration force coupling on the mechanical properties of PBX substitute powder was investigated. Applying ultrasonic vibration to result in great rates of densification and higher efficiency of the process is expected. The effects of particle size and vibration amplitude and pressure and weight on the densification behavior and of PBX substitute powder are discussed. The results show that applying ultrasonic vibration leads to a higher relative density and an improved homogeneity, and the growth of the size of the pressed sample can be reduced with the ultrasonic vibration and the larger of static pressure, the smaller of the pressed sample size change. In addition, ultrasonic vibration has a great effect on the finer particles and the surface temperature of the sample is not obviously increased with ultrasonic vibration.
Vocal changes across disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Green Jordan , Connaghan Kathryn , Yunusova Yana , Stipancic Kaila , Gutz Sarah , Berry James
Published: October 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of muscle strength and function. The speech systems (respiratory, phonatory, velopharyngeal, and articulatory) are frequently affected, causing speech and swallowing impairments. Changes to voice production are often reported. These changes include altered fundamental frequency, phonatory instability, and the development of breathy or harsh voice quality (see Green et al., 2013 for review). While acoustic studies of speakers with ALS have demonstrated voice dysfunction, the findings have been variable in the type and direction of change across individual speakers. The current investigation seeks to further explicate vocal dysfunction and change in ALS by exploring promising acoustic phonatory measures across disease progression. Participants with and without ALS were audiorecorded at multiple time points while producing sustained vowels and connected speech. Acoustic analyses include traditional phonatory measures extracted from vowel prolongations (fundamental frequency, jitter, and shimmer) and newer measures of phonation across connected speech (e.g., cepstral peak prominence). Voice metrics are compared between speaker groups and across time points. It is anticipated that the findings will support the development of valid and reliable measures to mark disease onset and progression, thereby facilitating intervention and mitigating the devastating impact of ALS.
Predicting scores on the Montreal cognitive assessment from a spontaneous speech sample
Authors: Wisler Alan A. , Fletcher Annalise , McAuliffe Megan J.
Published: October 2018

This presentation examines acoustic and linguistic measurements taken from 521 older participants. The aim was to examine the relationship between measurements derived from spontaneous speech and participants’ scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Though both speech measurements and MOCA scores have been shown to be predictive of mild cognitive impairment, there has been little exploration in the literature of the relationship between these two domains. Participants completed the MOCA assessment and were prompted to describe an early childhood memory. The lexical complexity analyzer toolkit was used to extract a range of measurements to assess the lexical density, sophistication, and variation in each participant’s storytelling passage. For the acoustic analysis, we drew a subset of the features from the Interspeech 2010 Paralinguistic Challenge set and included measures of duration and speaking rate. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach was used to model the relationship between acoustic, lexical, and demographic information and participants’ MOCA scores. Using the covariance test statistic we identified six important variables: one lexical, three acoustic and two demographic. This reduced model explained 18.06% of the variance in participants’ MOCA scores. This R2 value was validated on a held out set of 121 participants.
Mathematical properties of generalized Bessel functions and application to multi-tone sinusoidal frequency modulation
Authors: Kuklinski Parker , Hague David A.
Published: October 2018

The generalized Bessel function (GBF) is a multi-dimensional extension of the standard Bessel function. Two dimensional GBFs have been studied extensively in the literature and have found application in laser physics, crystallography, and electromagnetics. However, a more rigorous treatment of higher-dimensional GBFs is lacking. The GBF exhibits a rich array mathematical structure in regards to its partial differential equation representation, its asymptotic characterization, and its level sets. In this talk/paper, we explore these properties and connect spectral and ambiguity function optimization of a multi-tone SFM signal to finding the location of the roots of these generalized Bessel functions.
Trajectories in classroom acoustics: The vocal behaviour of teachers
Authors: Astolfi Arianna
Published: October 2018

Classroom acoustics was one of the main research themes of Murray Hodgson, which I had the chance to know in Rome, at the ICA Conference in 2001, when I was at the beginning of my working path, and to further have as scientific converser in many other occasions. In Ferrara, in 2003, he concluded his presentation of a course on classroom acoustics with the hint that the teachers’ voice problems should have been object of future studies. I have been working on this matter for seven years and this work summarises the results and the perspectives related to the assessment of teachers’ vocal behaviour. In particular, teachers' voice monitoring during daily working activities has been recently based on wearable vocal analysers equipped with contact sensors, which allow for measuring parameters related to vocal effort, vocal loading and also to voice quality. Results obtained during experimental campaigns that took place in the last years, from kindergarten to university, and that involved healthy and unhealthy teachers, are presented in this work. The relationships with classroom acoustics, both in terms of noise and too low or excessive reverberations, and the subjective outcomes of the teachers, are also discussed.
Scientists, environmentalists brace for Brazil's right turn
Authors: Escobar Herton
Published: October 2018

Country's likely next president promises R&D investment but favors development over climate and biodiversity.
Outbreaks of poliolike disease pose a puzzle
Authors: Vogel Gretchen
Published: October 2018

An enterovirus may cause sudden paralysis in children, but proof is elusive.
Hyperfine interaction of individual atoms on a surface
Authors: Willke Philip , Bae Yujeong , Yang Kai , Lado Jose L. , Ferrón Alejandro , Choi Taeyoung , Ardavan Arzhang , Fernández-Rossier Joaquín , Heinrich Andreas J. , Lutz Christopher P.
Published: October 2018

Hyperfine spectra of surface atoms

The interaction of nuclei with nonzero spin with electron spins creates small electronic energy. With a scanning tunneling microscope tip, Willke
et al.
measured these hyperfine interactions for iron and titanium atoms that were manipulated on a magnesium oxide surface. The tip was also used to measure electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. The hyperfine structure of single atoms was sensitive to the binding site of the atom as well as its position relative to other magnetic atoms.

Science
, this issue p.
336
Supracellular contractions propel migration
Authors: Adameyko Igor
Published: October 2018

Cytoskeletal cords connecting cells at the back of cell groups enable directional migration
Churg-Strauss vasculitis presenting with steroid-responsive left ventricular cardiac mass
Authors: Alarfaj Sumaiah Jamal , Al-Mehisen Rabah , Elhag Imad , Kazzaz Nayef Mohammed
Published: October 2018

A 35-year-old black Saudi man, with a known case of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis since childhood, presented with joint pain and swelling, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and lower extremity oedema. On examination, we found jugular venous distension, bilateral basal crepitation, wheezing and diffuse synovitis. Investigations were notable for peripheral blood eosinophilia, pericardial effusion and elongated structure in the left ventricular outflow tract on echocardiography, mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy and right upper lobe infiltrate on high-resolution CT scan. Pulmonary infiltrate biopsy confirmed eosinophilic vasculitis. Intracardiac mass resolved shortly after pulse steroids indicating an inflammatory mass.
Effects of prenatal exercise on incidence of congenital anomalies and hyperthermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davenport Margie H , Yoo Courtney , Mottola Michelle F , Poitras Veronica J , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Gray Casey E , Barrowman Nick , Davies Gregory A , Kathol Amariah , Skow Rachel J , Meah Victoria L , Riske Laurel , Sobierajski Frances , James Marina , Nagpal Taniya S , Marchand Andree-Anne , Slater Linda G , Adamo Kristi B , Barakat Ruben , Ruchat Stephanie-May
Published: October 2018

Objective

To investigate the relationships between exercise and incidence of congenital anomalies and hyperthermia.

Design

Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis .

Data sources

Online databases were searched from inception up to 6 January 2017.

Study eligibility criteria

Studies of all designs were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if they were published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [e.g., dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise) and outcome (maternal temperature and fetal anomalies).

Results

This systematic review and meta-analysis included ‘very low’ quality evidence from 14 studies (n=78 735) reporting on prenatal exercise and the odds of congenital anomalies, and ‘very low’ to ‘low’ quality evidence from 15 studies (n=447) reporting on maternal temperature response to prenatal exercise. Prenatal exercise did not increase the odds of congenital anomalies (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.95, I2=0%). A small but significant increase in maternal temperature was observed from pre-exercise to both during and immediately after exercise (during: 0.26°C, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.40, I2=70%; following: 0.24°C, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.31, I2=47%).

Summary/Conclusions

These data suggest that moderate-to-vigorous prenatal exercise does not induce hyperthermia or increase the odds of congenital anomalies. However, exercise responses were investigated in most studies after 12 weeks’ gestation when the risk of de novo congenital anomalies is negligible.
Impact of prenatal exercise on maternal harms, labour and delivery outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davenport Margie H , Ruchat Stephanie-May , Sobierajski Frances , Poitras Veronica J , Gray Casey E , Yoo Courtney , Skow Rachel J , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Barrowman Nick , Meah Victoria L , Nagpal Taniya S , Riske Laurel , James Marina , Nuspl Megan , Weeks Ashley , Marchand Andree-Anne , Slater Linda G , Adamo Kristi B , Davies Gregory A , Barakat Ruben , Mottola Michelle F
Published: October 2018

Objective

To perform a systematic review of the relationships between prenatal exercise and maternal harms including labour/delivery outcomes.

Design

Systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Datasources

Online databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.

Study eligibility criteria

Studies of all designs were included (except case studies) if they were published in English, Spanish or French and contained information on the population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [e.g., dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]) and outcome (preterm/prelabour rupture of membranes, caesarean section, instrumental delivery, induction of labour, length of labour, vaginal tears, fatigue, injury, musculoskeletal trauma, maternal harms (author defined) and diastasis recti).

Results

113 studies (n=52 858 women) were included. ‘Moderate’ quality evidence from exercise-only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) indicated a 24% reduction in the odds of instrumental delivery in women who exercised compared with women who did not (20 RCTs, n=3819; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.92, I 2= 0 %). The remaining outcomes were not associated with exercise. Results from meta-regression did not identify a dose–response relationship between frequency, intensity, duration or volume of exercise and labour and delivery outcomes.

Summary/conclusions

Prenatal exercise reduced the odds of instrumental delivery in the general obstetrical population. There was no relationship between prenatal exercise and preterm/prelabour rupture of membranes, caesarean section, induction of labour, length of labour, vaginal tears, fatigue, injury, musculoskeletal trauma, maternal harms and diastasis recti.
Effects of prenatal exercise on fetal heart rate, umbilical and uterine blood flow: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Skow Rachel J , Davenport Margie H , Mottola Michelle F , Davies Gregory A , Poitras Veronica J , Gray Casey E , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Barrowman Nick , Meah Victoria L , Slater Linda G , Adamo Kristi B , Barakat Ruben , Ruchat Stephanie-May
Published: October 2018

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the influence of acute and chronic prenatal exercise on fetal heart rate (FHR) and umbilical and uterine blood flow metrics.

Design

Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Data sources

Online databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.

Study eligibility criteria

Studies of all designs were included (except case studies) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [eg, dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise) and outcomes (FHR, beats per minute (bpm); uterine and umbilical blood flow metrics (systolic:diastolic (S/D) ratio; Pulsatility Index (PI); Resistance Index (RI); blood flow, mL/min; and blood velocity, cm/s)).

Results

‘Very low’ to ‘moderate’ quality evidence from 91 unique studies (n=4641 women) were included. Overall, FHR increased during (mean difference (MD)=6.35bpm; 95% CI 2.30 to 10.41, I2=95%, p=0.002) and following acute exercise (MD=4.05; 95% CI 2.98 to 5.12, I2=83%, p<0.00001). The incidence of fetal bradycardia was low at rest and unchanged with acute exercise. There were no significant changes in umbilical or uterine S/D, PI, RI, blood flow or blood velocity during or following acute exercise sessions. Chronic exercise decreased resting FHR and the umbilical artery S/D, PI and RI at rest.

Conclusion

Acute and chronic prenatal exercise do not adversely impact FHR or uteroplacental blood flow metrics.
Reporting of outcomes in gastric cancer surgery trials: a systematic review
Authors: Alkhaffaf Bilal , Blazeby Jane M , Williamson Paula R , Bruce Iain A , Glenny Anne-Marie
Published: October 2018

Background

The development of clinical guidelines for the surgical management of gastric cancer should be based on robust evidence from well-designed trials. Being able to reliably compare and combine the outcomes of these trials is a key factor in this process.

Objectives

To examine variation in outcome reporting by surgical trials for gastric cancer and to identify outcomes for prioritisation in an international consensus study to develop a core outcome set in this field.

Data sources

Systematic literature searches (Evidence Based Medicine, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP) and a review of study protocols of randomised controlled trials, published between 1996 and 2016.

Intervention

Therapeutic surgical interventions for gastric cancer. Outcomes were listed verbatim, categorised into groups (outcome themes) and examined for definitions and measurement instruments.

Results

Of 1919 abstracts screened, 32 trials (9073 participants) were identified. A total of 749 outcomes were reported of which 96 (13%) were accompanied by an attempted definition. No single outcome was reported by all trials. ‘Adverse events’ was the most frequently reported ‘outcome theme’ in which 240 unique terms were described. 12 trials (38%) classified complications according to severity, with 5 (16%) using a formal classification system (Clavien-Dindo or Accordion scale). Of 27 trials which described ‘short-term’ mortality, 15 (47%) used one of five different definitions. 6 out of the 32 trials (19%) described ‘patient-reported outcomes’.

Conclusion

Reporting of outcomes in gastric cancer surgery trials is inconsistent. A consensus approach to develop a minimum set of well-defined, standardised outcomes to be used by all future trials examining therapeutic surgical interventions for gastric cancer is needed. This should consider the views of all key stakeholders, including patients.
Nurse-led clinic for patients with liver cirrhosis—effects on health-related quality of life: study protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hjorth Maria , Sjöberg Daniel , Svanberg Anncarin , Kaminsky Elenor , Langenskiöld Sophie , Rorsman Fredrik
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Liver cirrhosis affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) even in its early stages. Morbidity is especially high when the disease decompensates and self-care actions become essential. Nurse involvement in secondary prevention in other chronic diseases has contributed to better symptom control, less need of inpatient care and improved HRQoL. In order to evaluate the impact of nurse involvement in the follow-up of patients with liver cirrhosis, we decided to compare structured nurse-led clinics, inspired by Dorothea Orem’s nursing theory and motivational strategies, with a group of patients receiving standard care. The primary outcome is HRQoL and the secondary outcomes are quality of care, visits to outpatient clinics or hospitals, disease progress and health literacy.

Methods and analysis

This is a pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled study conducted at six Swedish hepatology departments. Eligible patients are adults with diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver (n=500). Participants are randomised into either an intervention with nurse-led follow-up group or into a standard of care group. Recruitment started in November 2016 and is expected to proceed until 2020. Primary outcomes are physical and mental HRQoL measured by RAND-36 at enrolment, after 1 and 2 years.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is ethically approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala. The results shall be disseminated in international conferences and peer-reviewed articles.

Trial registration number

NCT02957253; Pre-results.
Community-acquired and hospital-acquired medication harm among older inpatients and impact of a state-wide medication management intervention
Authors: Pellegrin Karen , Lozano Alicia , Miyamura Jill , Lynn Joanne , Krenk Les , Jolson-Oakes Sheena , Ciarleglio Anita , McInnis Terry , Bairos Alistair , Gomez Lara , Benitez-McCrary Mercedes , Hanlon Alexandra
Published: October 2018

Background

We previously reported reduction in the rate of hospitalisations with medication harm among older adults with our ‘Pharm2Pharm’ intervention, a pharmacist-led care transition and care coordination model focused on best practices in medication management. The objectives of the current study are to determine the extent to which medication harm among older inpatients is ‘community acquired’ versus ‘hospital acquired’ and to assess the effectiveness of the Pharm2Pharm model with each type.

Methods

After a 3-year baseline, six non-federal general acute care hospitals with 50 or more beds in Hawaii implemented Pharm2Pharm sequentially. The other five such hospitals served as the comparison group. We measured frequencies and quarterly rates of admissions among those aged 65 and older with ‘community-acquired’ (International Classification of Diseases-coded as present on admission) and ‘hospital-acquired’ (coded as not present on admission) medication harm per 1000 admissions from 2010 to 2014.

Results

There were 189 078 total admissions from 2010 through 2014, 7% of which had one or more medication harm codes. There were 16 225 medication harm codes, 70% of which were community-acquired, among these 13 795 admissions. The varied times when the intervention was implemented across hospitals were associated with a significant reduction in the rate of admissions with community-acquired medication harm compared with non-intervention hospitals (p=0.001), and specifically harm by anticoagulants (p<0.0001) and by medications in therapeutic use (p<0.001). The hospital-acquired medication harm rate did not change. The rate of admissions with community-acquired medication harm was reduced by 4.28 admissions per 1000 admissions per quarter in the Pharm2Pharm hospitals relative to the comparison hospitals.

Conclusion

The Pharm2Pharm model is an effective way to address the growing problem of community-acquired medication harm among high-risk, chronically ill patients. This model demonstrates the importance of deploying specially trained pharmacists in the hospital and in the community to systematically identify and resolve drug therapy problems.
Resonant flow instability of space-charge waves in self-gravitating Lorentzian dusty plasma columns
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: October 2018

The dispersion characteristics and the resonant instability mode of the space-charge wave are investigated in a streaming Lorentzian dusty plasma column by using the normal mode analysis. The result shows that the non-thermal character of the Lorentzian cylindrical dusty plasma enhances the unstable property of the space-charge wave due to the beam–plasma interaction. It is found that the resonant growth rates of the space-charge wave increase with an increase of the harmonic-order of the root of the Bessel function. It is also found that the influence of the self-gravitation enhances the resonant growth rate of the space-charge wave of the Lorentzian cylindrical dusty plasma. In addition, it is found the resonant growth rate decreases with an increase of the radius of the dusty plasma column. The variation of the resonant instability mode due to the non-thermal character and geometric effects is also discussed.
Understanding environmental change through the lens of trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Alahuhta Janne , Erős Tibor , Kärnä Olli-Matti , Soininen Janne , Wang Jianjun , Heino Jani
Published: October 2018

In the era of the Anthropocene, environmental change is accelerating biodiversity loss across ecosystems on Earth, among which freshwaters are likely the most threatened. Different biodiversity facets in the freshwater realm suffer from various environmental changes that jeopardize the ecosystem functions and services important for humankind. In this work we examine how environmental changes (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, or invasive species) affect trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities. We first developed a simple conceptual model of the possible relationships between environmental change and these three diversity facets in freshwaters and, secondly, systematically reviewed articles where these relationships had been investigated in different freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we highlighted research gaps from the perspectives of organisms, ecosystems, stressors, and geographical locations. Our conceptual model suggested that both natural factors and global change operating at various spatial scales influence freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. The relationships between biodiversity and environmental change depend on geographical region, organism group, spatial scale, and environmental change gradient length. The systematic review revealed that environmental change impacts biodiversity patterns in freshwaters, but there is no single type of biodiversity response to the observed global changes. Natural stressors had different, even contradictory, effects (i.e., multiple, negative, and positive) on biodiversity compared with anthropogenic stressors. Anthropogenic stressors more often decreased biodiversity, although eutrophication and climate change affected freshwater ecosystems in a complex, more multi-dimensional way. The research gaps we identified were related, for example, to the low number of community-based biodiversity studies, the lack of information on true phylogenies for all freshwater organism groups, the missing evaluations whether species traits are phylogenetically conserved, and the geographical biases in research (i.e., absence of studies from Africa, Southern Asia, and Russia). We hope that our review will stimulate more research on the less well-known facets and topics of biodiversity loss in highly vulnerable freshwater ecosystems.
Dirac particle in electric field with confining scalar potential on (anti)-de Sitter background
Authors: Messai N. , Hamil B. , Hafdallah A.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we study the (1 + 1)-dimensional Dirac equation in the presence of electric field and scalar linear potentials on (anti)-de Sitter background. Using the position representation, the energy spectrum and the corresponding wave functions are exactly obtained.
A comparison of optical properties of disc-like and spherical quantum dots
Authors: Ünal Vildan Üstoğlu , Birşey Erem , Akşahin Ertan
Published: October 2018

The optical properties of quantum dots (QDs) are of interest to many researchers. In this study, the optical coeefficients analyzed include the optical absorption, the refractive index; both the linear and nonlinear cases together with the electric field effect. The electronic structures of the disc-like and spherical QDs are calculated by using the effective-mass approximation. The results show that the total change in the refractive index and the optical absorption increase with increasing QD size, the peaks are shifted with the changing QD size. The nonlinear optical properties increase with the external electric field and the optical intensity. Comparison of QD types shows that the peaks are red-shifted for the disc-like QD and lower than those in the spherical QD case.
COOPERATION FOR INNOVATION AND ITS IMPACT ON TECHNOLOGICAL AND NON-TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR EUROPEAN SMES IN TRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Authors: RADICIC DRAGANA , DOUGLAS DAVID , PUGH GEOFF , JACKSON IAN
Published: October 2018

Drawing on a sample of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in traditional manufacturing industries from seven EU regions, this study investigates how cooperation with external organisations affects technological (product and process) innovations and non-technological (organisational and marketing) innovations as well as the commercial success of product and process innovations (i.e., innovative sales). Our empirical strategy takes into account that all four types of innovation are potentially complementary. Empirical results suggest that cooperation increases firms’ innovativeness and yields substantial commercial benefits. In particular, increasing the number of cooperation partnerships has a positive impact on all measures of innovation performance. We conclude that a portfolio approach to cooperation enhances innovation performance and that innovation support programs should be demand-led.
Who Reacts to News?
Authors: Chichernea Doina , Gilstrap Collin , Huang Kershen , Petkevich Alex
Published: October 2018

We show that the positive relation between firm-level cash-flow news and institutional ownership documented by [Cohen et al., Journal of Financial Economics 66, 409–462.] is mostly driven by short-horizon investors. Short-term institutions trade to incorporate cash-flow related information into prices and potentially reduce under-reaction to cash-flow news. In contrast, long-term institutions are more sensitive to discount-rate news, consistent with the idea that their strategy is to realize the long-term expected returns and that they care more about changes in their opportunity set. Our results support the premise that short- and long-horizon institutions are potentially trading with each other based on their opposing preferences for news.
Multiple UAVs for Mapping: A Review of Basic Modeling, Simulation, and Applications
Authors: Zohdi Tarek I.
Published: October 2018

The goal of this article is to provide an introduction to basic modeling and simulation techniques for multiple interacting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), called swarms, for applications in mapping. The target audience is senior students and young scientists. This review will serve to inform, orient, and direct someone already educated in environmental science but unaware of multiple-UAV interaction models.
Acute and chronic effects of hot water immersion on inflammation and metabolism in sedentary, overweight adults
Authors: Hoekstra S. P. , Bishop N. C. , Faulkner S. H. , Bailey S. J. , Leicht C. A.
Published: October 2018

Regular exercise-induced acute inflammatory responses are suggested to improve the inflammatory profile and insulin sensitivity. As body temperature elevations partly mediate this response, passive heating might be a viable tool to improve the inflammatory profile. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of hot water immersion on inflammatory and metabolic markers. Ten sedentary, overweight men [body mass index (BMI): 31.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2, mean ± SD] were immersed in water set at 39°C for 1 h (HWI) or rested for 1 h at ambient temperature (AMB). Venous blood was obtained before the session, immediately postsession, and 2 h postsession for assessment of monocyte intracellular heat shock protein-72 (iHsp72) and plasma concentrations of extracellular Hsp72 (eHsp72), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fasting glucose, insulin, and nitrite. Thereafter, participants underwent a 2-wk intervention period, consisting of 10 hot water immersion sessions (INT). Eight BMI-matched participants (BMI: 30.0 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were included as control (CON). Plasma IL-6 and nitrite concentrations were higher immediately following HWI compared with AMB (IL-6 P < 0.001, HWI: 1.37 ± 0.94 to 2.51 ± 1.49 pg/ml; nitrite P = 0.04, HWI: 271 ± 52 to 391 ± 72 nM), whereas iHsp72 expression was unchanged ( P = 0.57). In contrast to resting iHsp72 expression ( P = 0.59), fasting glucose ( P = 0.04; INT: 4.44 ± 0.93 to 3.98 ± 0.98 mmol/l), insulin ( P = 0.04; INT: 68.1 ± 44.6 to 55.0 ± 29.9 pmol/l), and eHsp72 ( P = 0.03; INT: 17 ± 41% reduction) concentrations were lowered after INT compared with CON. HWI induced an acute inflammatory response and increased nitric oxide bioavailability. The reductions in fasting glucose and insulin concentrations following the chronic intervention suggest that hot water immersion may serve as a tool to improve glucose metabolism.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY A single hot water immersion (HWI) session induces an acute increase in plasma interleukin-6 and nitrite concentrations but does not acutely elevate heat shock protein-72 expression in monocytes [intracellular Hsp72 (iHsp72)]. A chronic HWI intervention reduces fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in the absence of changes in resting iHsp72. Therefore, HWI shows potential as a strategy to combat chronic low-grade inflammation and improve glucose metabolism in individuals without the physical capacity to do so using exercise.
Stimuli and sensors that initiate skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise
Authors: Wackerhage Henning , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Hamilton D. Lee , Lehti Maarit , Hulmi Juha J.
Published: October 2018

One of the most striking adaptations to exercise is the skeletal muscle hypertrophy that occurs in response to resistance exercise. A large body of work shows that a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated increase of muscle protein synthesis is the key, but not sole, mechanism by which resistance exercise causes muscle hypertrophy. While much of the hypertrophy signaling cascade has been identified, the initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating stimuli have remained elusive. For the purpose of this review, we define an initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating signal as “hypertrophy stimulus,” and the sensor of such a signal as “hypertrophy sensor.” In this review we discuss our current knowledge of specific mechanical stimuli, damage/injury-associated and metabolic stress-associated triggers, as potential hypertrophy stimuli. Mechanical signals are the prime hypertrophy stimuli candidates, and a filamin-C-BAG3-dependent regulation of mTORC1, Hippo, and autophagy signaling is a plausible albeit still incompletely characterized hypertrophy sensor. Other candidate mechanosensing mechanisms are nuclear deformation-initiated signaling or several mechanisms related to costameres, which are the functional equivalents of focal adhesions in other cells. While exercise-induced muscle damage is probably not essential for hypertrophy, it is still unclear whether and how such muscle damage could augment a hypertrophic response. Interventions that combine blood flow restriction and especially low load resistance exercise suggest that resistance exercise-regulated metabolites could be hypertrophy stimuli, but this is based on indirect evidence and metabolite candidates are poorly characterized.
V144D Mutation ofSPTLC1Can Present with Both Painful and Painless Phenotypes in Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies Type I
Authors: Ho Kwo Wei David , Jerath Nivedita U.
Published: October 2018

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN I) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by distal sensory loss, pain insensitivity, and autonomic disturbances. The major underlying causes of HSAN I are point mutations in the SPTLC1 gene. Patients with mutations in the SPTLC1 genes typically exhibit dense sensory loss and incidence of lancinating pain. Although most of these mutations produce sensory loss, it is unclear which mutations would lead to the painful phenotype. In this case series, we report that the V144D mutation in SPTLC1 gene may relate to both painful and painless peripheral neuropathies. The unique clinical phenotype of this mutation may guide clinical workup and treatment for patients with painful and painless neuropathies.
The Influence of the Track Parameters on Vibration Characteristics of Subway Tunnel
Authors: Shi Wenbo , Miao Linchang , Luo Junhui , Zhang Honglei
Published: October 2018

In soft soil areas, such as the Nanjing, it is very important to quantitatively analyze the dynamic behaviors of soft soils during the metro train operation. A nonlinear coupling model of wheel‐track and a finite element calculation model of tunnel and soil were established based on the mechanical character of elastic supporting block ballastless track and the actual parameters of Nanjing soft soil. The time‐variant vertical acceleration of the rail, the sleepers, and the surface of the tunnel can be calculated by the models, and the frequency dependence acceleration was verified by the fast Fourier transform algorithm. A modified vibration power level for human sensitivity was used to quantify the vibration energy of each part of the system, and the impact of the parameters in the model was evaluated. The results can be applied to the metro design and construction, which also can be the guidance during the tunnel construction.
Brief Report: Exercise and Anxiety in Adults with Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases: Support for Evidential Value
Authors: Kelley George A. , Kelley Kristi S. , Callahan Leigh F.
Published: October 2018

Objective. Given the high prevalence of anxiety in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic diseases (AORD) and the subsequent need for interventions to reduce anxiety, this brief report sought to determine if evidential value exists to support the role of exercise for reducing anxiety in adults with AORD. Methods. Utilizing data from a prior meta-analysis, a recently developed approach, P-curve, was used to determine evidential value by assessing for publication bias and p-hacking. Binomial tests as well as the more robust Stouffer’s test were used to examine for evidential value. To examine the influence of selected studies on p-curve results, findings were also examined by dropping the highest and lowest p values from the analysis. Results. The binomial test for evidential value was not statistically significant (p = 0.11) while the more robust Stouffer’s test satisfied both conditions for evidential value (p = 0.002). Power analyses suggested a good fit for the observed p-curve. Results were generally robust when the least and most extreme values were excluded. Conclusions. The results of this study provide evidential support for the benefits of exercise on anxiety in adults with AORD.
Production Rate Analysis of Fractured Horizontal Well considering Multitransport Mechanisms in Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Liu Qi-guo , Wang Wei-hong , Liu Hua , Zhang Guangdong , Li Long-xin , Zhao Yu-long
Published: October 2018

Shale gas reservoir has been aggressively exploited around the world, which has complex pore structure with multiple transport mechanisms according to the reservoir characteristics. In this paper, a new comprehensive mathematical model is established to analyze the production performance of multiple fractured horizontal well (MFHW) in box-shaped shale gas reservoir considering multiscaled flow mechanisms (ad/desorption and Fick diffusion). In the model, the adsorbed gas is assumed not directly diffused into the natural macrofractures but into the macropores of matrix first and then flows into the natural fractures. The ad/desorption phenomenon of shale gas on the matrix particles is described by a combination of the Langmuir’s isothermal adsorption equation, continuity equation, gas state equation, and the motion equation in matrix system. On the basis of the Green’s function theory, the point source solution is derived under the assumption that gas flow from macropores into natural fractures follows transient interporosity and absorbed gas diffused into macropores from nanopores follows unsteady-state diffusion. The production rate expression of a MFHW producing at constant bottomhole pressure is obtained by using Duhamel’s principle. Moreover, the curves of well production rate and cumulative production vs. time are plotted by Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm and also the effects of influential factors on well production performance are analyzed. The results derived in this paper have significance to the guidance of shale gas reservoir development.
Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activities of Novel 2-Amino-4-phenylthiazole Scaffold Containing Amide Moieties
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hua , Wu Hong-Mei , Deng Sai-Nan , Cai Xiao-Yu , Yao Yu , Mwenda Muriira Cyrus , Wang Jin-Yin , Cai Dong , Chen Yu
Published: October 2018

Appropriately substituted 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the structural characteristics of crizotinib. The obtained compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The target compounds 5a–o were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against A549, HeLa, HT29, and Karpas299 human cancer cell lines. Based on results of biological studies, some of these compounds exhibited significant antiproliferative activity. Compound 5b possessed outstanding growth inhibitory effects on the four cell lines, especially for HT29 cell with IC50 value of 2.01 µM. Along with the biological assay data, a molecular docking study suggests that the target compounds were a potential inhibitor.
Uniqueness of L-Functions Concerning Certain Differential Polynomials
Authors: Hao Wen-Jie , Chen Jun-Fan
Published: October 2018

Relying on Nevanlinna theory and the properties of L-functions in the extended Selberg class, we mainly study the uniqueness problems on L-functions concerning certain differential polynomials. This generalizes some results of Steuding, Li, Fang, and Liu-Li-Yi.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma as a Lateral Neck Cyst: A Cystic Metastatic Node versus an Ectopic Thyroid Tissue
Authors: Rahmat Frhana , Kumar Marutha Muthu Ananth , S Raja Gopal Navarasi , Jo Han Soh , Yahaya Azura Sharena
Published: October 2018

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy and frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. Occasionally, metastatic lymph nodes are palpable without the evidence of primary tumour. Papillary thyroid carcinoma of lateral neck cyst is a rare condition. It may arise from thyroid primary which underwent cystic degeneration or true malignant transformation of ectopic thyroid tissue. Herein, we reported two cases with preoperative diagnosis of benign lateral neck cyst but postoperative histopathological results showed primary papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the neck in both cases showed no significant thyroid lesion. However, the patient in Case  2 was subjected for total thyroidectomy and histopathological results showed the origin of primary tumour. In conclusion, thorough investigations including total thyroidectomy are indicated in cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma of lateral neck cyst. This practice is to ensure that this type of thyroid cancer can be detected earlier because it has a very good prognosis if treated earlier.