bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor efficiency, government spending and productivity nexus based on panel ARDL approach: Evidence from selected European countries
Authors: Xuezhou Wen , Hussain Rana Yassir , Hussain Haroon , Saad Muhammad , Qalati Sikandar Ali , Ali Shaibu
Published: March 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to author disagreement.
Effect of an unifaceted and multifaceted intervention on antibiotic prescription control for respiratory diseases: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yue Chang , Cui Zhezhe , Yang Guanghong , He Xun , Wang Lei , Xin Zhang , Tang Lei
Published: March 2021

Background The global health system is improperly using antibiotics, particularly in the treatment of respiratory diseases. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of implementing an unifaceted and multifaceted intervention for unreasonable antibiotic prescriptions.
Methods Relevant literature published in the databases of Pubmed, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Journal Full-text (CNKI) and Wanfang was searched. Data were independently filtered and extracted by two reviewers based on a pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane collaborative bias risk tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.
Results A total of 1,074 relevant studies were obtained of which 69 were included in the systematic review. Fifty-nine studies reported positive results, that is, the primary results in the intervention groups were superior to those in the control groups. The remaining 10 studies had negative or partially negative results. In 22 studies the outcome variable was the antibiotic prescription rate with detailed reports of the number of prescriptions being further analyzed, of which 19 involved educational interventions for doctors, including: (1) Online training using email, web pages and webinar, (2) Antibiotic guidelines for information dissemination measures by email, postal or telephone reminder, (3) Training doctors in communication skills, (4) Short-term interactive educational seminars, and (5) Short-term field training sessions. Seventeen studies of interventions for health care workers also included: (6) Regular or irregular assessment/audit of antibiotic prescriptions, (7) Prescription recommendations from experts and peers delivered at a meeting or online, (8) Publicly reporting on doctors' antibiotic usage to patients, hospital administrators, and health authorities, (9) Monitoring/feedback prescribing behavior to general practices by email or poster, and (10) Studies involving patients and their families (n=10). Seventeen studies were rated as having a low risk of bias while five were rated as having a high risk of bias.
Conclusion The combination of education, prescription audit, prescription recommendations from experts, public reporting, prescription feedback and patient or family member multiple interventions can effectively reduce antibiotic prescription rates in health care institutions. Moreover, adding multiple interventions to educational interventions interventions can control antibiotic prescription rates and may be a more reasonable method.
Registrations: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42020192560.
Keywords: Randomized controlled trial, Respiratory diseases, Antibiotic prescriptions, Systematic evaluation
Nesloboda slobode
Authors: Volarević Martina
Published: March 2021

Cilj je rada ispitati doseg individualne slobode čovjeka u odnosu na njegovu tjelesnu nagonsku vezanost. Polazna je točka za ispitivanje Gehlenova biološka antropologija koja je ukazala na ljudsku slobodu instinktivnih pritisaka. Ljudska sloboda pokazuje se kao prilika za izgradnju vlastitoga svijeta djelovanjem. Sloboda djelovanja opterećuje čovjeka neprestanim donošenjem odluka. Rasterećenje od slobode djelovanja omogućava automatizam navike koji pruža čvrste obrasce nesvjesnih ponašanja. Društvene institucije svojim odgojem dodatno automatiziraju i time stabiliziraju djelovanje pojedinaca. Čovjek u svojem iz slobode proizvedenom svijetu generira drugostupanjsku samoproizvedenu neslobodu. Freud ukazuje na opresivni karakter kulture i
civilizacije koja od pojedinca zahtijeva žrtvovanje nagonskog zadovoljenja radi kulturnog prosperiteta. Budući da nagonska represija raste s razvojem kulture, suvremeni čovjek postaje neurotičan jer ne može podnijeti stupanj odricanja koji od njega zahtijeva kultura.
Jesmo li slobodni umrijeti?
Authors: Mršić Felbar Iva
Published: March 2021

Članak se osvrće na problematiku smrti kao središnjeg problema svake pa tako i katoličke eshatologije. Smrt kao fenomen i antropološka danost oblikuje začetke eshatologije Staroga zavjeta, zaoštrujući svoj teološki
iskaz u novozavjetnoj teologiji crucis. Tijekom povijesti teološke misli, teologija smrti ostala je unutar okvira njezina tumačenja kao posljedice grijeha i neželjenog usuda, pri čemu je izostala njezina pozitivna poveznica sa slobodom. Tek zahvaljujući određenim suvremenim pristupima koji smrt stavljaju u izravan odnos sa slobodom (Moltmann, Rahner, Boros), smatrajući da je čak možemo promatrati kao svjestan čin pojedinca, smrt i sloboda, iako naizgled suprotstavljene, postaju kategorije koje se, teološki gledano, međusobno transformiraju. Zaključno članak pokušava u svjetlu izdvojenih suvremenih eshatoloških rasprava odgovoriti na pitanje jesmo li slobodni umrijeti i svjesnost o smrti smjestiti u kontekst slobode i života, a ne njima nasuprot.
Od sekularizacije religije do revitalizacije religije
Authors: Kovačević Vlaho
Published: March 2021

Cilj je ovoga rada otvaranje prostora mogućoj revitalizaciji religije izvan ideološkoga koncepta dijalektike suvremenoga društva, a unutar povijesnoga konteksta specifičnoga značenja sekularizacije religije. Razumijevanje religije nužno ostaje s onu stranu dijalektike svjetovnosti, s obzirom na to da religija ne ovisi o toj dijalektici nego o Svetom i njegovu razumijevanju. Bez njega bili bismo u situaciji »stalnog vraćanja istoga« koje u sebi ima i negativne posljedice na čovjekov život u vidu suvremenih modernih ideologija. Iz navedenoga proizlazi potreba za višedimenzionalnim teorijskim pristupima proizišlima iz složenosti društvenih prilika i različitih razvojnih puteva religije u suvremenosti. Time nam teorijski pristupi religiji u suvremenom društvu, koji su analizirani na temelju dominantnih teorija, ponajprije funkcionalizma, fenomenologije i neoweberijanizma, pokazuju različite paradigme kroz različita razumijevanja sekularizacije i revitalizacije religije.
Logičko zaključivanje i ekspertiza
Authors: Subotić Vanja
Published: March 2021

U kognitivnoj znanosti logičko zaključivanje promatra se ili kao viši kognitivni proces koji se temelji na manipulaciji apstraktnih pravila ili kao viši kognitivni proces koji ne uključuje apstraktna pravila, već
je stohastičke naravi. Pokazat ću da se te dvije perspektive mogu povezati s teorijskim i metodološkim obvezivanjem na jednu od dvije suprotstavljene paradigme u kognitivnoj znanosti – bilo na kognitivizam,
bilo na konekcionizam. U radu nastojim istaknuti prednosti konekcionističkog modeliranja entimemskog zaključivanja u odnosu na klasične kompjutacijske modele na sljedeći način: (1) preko fenomena kreativnog entimema, tj. slučaja entimemskog zaključivanja kada nije moguće artikulirati nedostajuću premisu, uvodim konekcionistički mehanizam u pozadinu ekspertize koji podrazumijeva prepoznavanje obrazaca, (2) preko termina geštalt obrat obrazlažem da se razlike u obrascima eksperta i početnika ne iscrpljuju u bržem rezoniranju, već da
su i kvalitativno drugačiji.
A Atualidade do Pensamento Cepalino: do Estruturalismo ao Neoestruturalismo
Authors: Almeida Beliza Borba de , Salomão Ivan Colangelo
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho procura analisar as modificações ocorridas no pensamento da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe que justificaram a denominação de uma teoria neoestruturalista após a década de 1990. O ideário estruturalista cepalino foi sendo adaptado ao longo do tempo culminando com as proposições neoestruturalistas, tidas como o novo paradigma da instituição até os dias de hoje. Busca-se, assim, entender quais as mudanças apresentadas no projeto de desenvolvimento cepalino nas últimas duas décadas, bem como analisar se a heterodoxia presente nos estudos originais prevalece ainda hoje nos trabalhos da comissão.
As Origens dos Recentes Defaults da Economia Brasileira: Efeitos da Economia Real ou Decorrentes de Transações Puramente Financeiras?
Authors: Burkowski Erika , Kim Jiyoung
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar se as origens das recentes quedas nos resultados econômicos brasileiros, observadas nos anos de 2009, 2015 e 2016, estão relacionadas à economia real ou à transações puramente financeiras. Analisou-se o índice de dispersão da discrepância e a decomposição estrutural deste índice, calculados a partir das matrizes de fluxo de fundos da economia brasileira de 2004 a 2015. As transações financeiras espelharam as transações reais em quase todos os anos, exceto em 2008. O valor total das transações das empresas financeiras cresceu mais do que o das empresas não financeiras em períodos anteriores aos defaults (2008 e 2014). Alterações nos índices de poder de dispersão corroboram essa observação ao apontar que as empresas não financeiras reduziram sua participação financeira, enquanto as empresas financeiras aprimoraram seu papel como intermediários financeiros e, ao mesmo tempo, o resto do mundo vem recebendo uma parcela significativa da poupança brasileira.
Aktualny stan wiedzy w zakresie leczenia interdyscyplinarnego chłoniaków w oparciu o informacje pozyskane na konferencji ASTR0’S 56-th Annual Meeting.
Authors: Rucińska Anna
Published: March 2021

Radioterapia wąską wiązką elektronów skóry całego ciała jest skuteczną metodą leczenia chorych na ziarniniaka grzybiastego. Leczenie dawką konwencjonalną 36 Gy wiąże się z wielotygodniową hospitalizacją i stosunkowo dużą toksycznością leczenia. Na ASTRO 56 przedstawiono wyniki trzech badań  prospektywnych drugiej fazy oceniające skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo leczenia niską dawką całkowitą.
Local water resource management through stakeholder participation: case study, arid region, India
Authors: Sheth Dhwani , Iyer Mona
Published: March 2021

Access to clean water is important for socio-economic development worldwide. Bhuj, in an arid region in Gujarat State in India, has an ancient and unique water resource management system. The city's visionary king developed a catchment system of lakes so that, despite minimal rainfall and frequent droughts, sufficient water could be stored to sustain the city for around 300 years. However, over the years, with rapid urbanization and the introduction of a piped water supply, this ancient supply system was abandoned and was not maintained well. As a result, the city's water resources became polluted and defunct, which forced it to depend on distant water sources. This study shows how the city's water management strategies changed before independence (1947), and pre-earthquake (1947–2001) and post-earthquake (2001 to present). The paper mainly documents how the city's own water resources can be managed successfully by following the concepts of IUWM through effective stakeholder participation, to make the city water-secure.
A new effective way to degrade methylene blue by introducing negative ions powder into Fe3O4/H2O2 system to accelerate Fe(III)/Fe(II) transformation
Authors: Zhang Xiangfen , Wu Hanxin , Ke Zunye , Yang Jiafei , Chen Hongzhou , Xue Feng , Ding Enyong
Published: March 2021

Negative ions powders (NIP) have been widely applied in many fields because of their natural electric field and far infrared radiation, especially in wastewater treatment. In this study, the NIP was first introduced into Fe3O4/H2O2 system to degrade methylene blue (MB). The MB removal was completely achieved at 5 h via a non-photochemical pathway and the degradation rate constant of this system is about 0.565 h−1, which is about 16 times higher than in Fe3O4/H2O2 Fenton-like system (0.035 h−1). In addition, the results of quenching experiments indicate that the electron (e−) and negative oxygen ion (•O2−) are the main reactive species. It was determined that Fe3O4@NIP is the effective component that leads to the activation of H2O2 to produce •OH, which derive from the pathway: NIP acts as an electron donor to reduce Fe(III) into Fe(II). Moreover, NIP can produce negative ions, which is also conductive to degradation. This study suggests a promising direction for the practical application of NIP based catalysis by integrating it with the Fe(III)/Fe(II) transformation process.
Capacidades dinâmicas como ferramenta de apoio para a transformação digital das organizações
Authors: Ferreira Eliane Duarte , Dos Santos Neri , Freire Patricia de Sá
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar como as capacidades dinâmicas podem apoiar as organizações no processo de transformação digital. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a partir da base de dados Scopus e WOS, publicadas nos últimos 10 anos utilizando-se como palavras-chave os conceitos “transformação digital” e “capacidades dinâmicas”. A investigação buscou identificar estudos de caso com evidências empíricas sobre o tema pesquisado. A pesquisa apresenta como resultado que as capacidades dinâmicas podem apoiar as organizações no processo de transformação digital, na medida que elas incorporam uma característica fundamental que é a transformação organizacional, ou seja a flexibilidade de adaptação aos diferentes ecossistemas e modelos de negócios, por intermédio da inovação e da colaboração com outras instituições.
Arquivologia e educação
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda da Silva , Gomes Priscila Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho objetivou apresentar um panorama das interlocuções entre a Arquivologia e a Educação, a partir de múltiplas abordagens a serem exploradas como: difusão, ações educativas, serviço educativo em arquivos, Educação Patrimonial e iniciativas que partem das universidades via projetos de extensão, grupos de pesquisa, disciplina e eventos. Consideramos relevante, inicialmente apresentar esse panorama por evidenciar as possibilidades de temas e ações que podem advir do diálogo entre os campos de conhecimento, além de demonstrar que o entrecruzamento entre esses campos vem se desenvolvendo ao longo do tempo. Posteriormente abordamos o arquivo escolar como um eixo relevante dessa aproximação, a partir de alguns aspectos como uma contextualização da sua construção enquanto objeto de estudo e as suas possibilidades e usos. Consideramos que a aproximação entre as áreas proporciona uma compreensão multidimensional dos arquivos como instrumentos não apenas direcionados a atender demandas legais, comprobatórias, administrativas e funcionais, mas também funções educativas, históricas e culturais. Além de que, defendemos que tanto nas escolas quanto nas instituições arquivísticas podemos empreender esforços no sentido de potencializar os usos dos arquivos com fins educativos, tornando-os visíveis para serem utilizados enquanto instrumentos favoráveis nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, com destaque à metodologia da educação patrimonial.
Role of Neuronal Guidance Cues in the Pathophysiology of Obesity: A Peripheral and Central Overview
Authors: Inoue Daniela S. , Bin Maideen Mohammad F. , Jiménez-Maldonado Alberto , Lira Fábio S.
Published: March 2021

Obesity is associated with an exacerbated synthesis and secretion of several molecules, which culminates
in chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Such conditions affect molecular and physiological
responses of several organs and, if not resolved, predispose the obese patients to other diseases such as
Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, neural injuries, and cognitive impairments. A microenvironment with
an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines released by different cells, including immune and adipose cells lead to
metabolic and non-metabolic diseases during obesity. In this context, the role of neuronal guidance cues named
netrin, semaphorin and ephrin is novel. Specifically, the available literature indicates that besides their classic
role as molecules that guide the axon to its target site, the neuronal guidance cues exhibit immunomodulatory
functions from adipose tissue to the neural environment. In the current narrative review, we discuss the participation
of the neuronal guidance cues on the physiology and pathophysiology of obesity. We also discuss the
feedback loop of obesity on the netrin, semaphorin and ephrin functions that impair the structure and function
of the brain. The integrative view of the neuronal guidance cues can be relevant in designing new treatments focus
on attenuating metabolic and immune disorders in obese patients and reduce the risk of acquiring diseases
such as Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and neural injuries.
A Review Study about the Effect of Chitosan Nanocarrier on Improving the Efficacy of Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Leishmania from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Mehrizi Tahereh Zadeh , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee , Shahmabadi Hasan Ebrahimi , Ramezani Amitis
Published: March 2021

:

In the present review study, the published articles from 2010-2020 that evaluated the effect
of chitosan nanocarrier on the efficacy of amphotericin B (AmB) in the treatment of leishmaniasis,
have been considered. Leishmania is a parasitic tropical disease in the world and is treated
with AmB as one of the main therapeutic agents. However, the clinical application of AmB is limited
due to its toxicity and insolubility issues. Using nanoparticles and, in particular, chitosan, nanocarrier
seems a promising approach to overcome these problems. Therefore, various doses of AmB
have been loaded in chitosan nanoparticles in different studies and the results of these studies demonstrated
that by increasing the drug loading efficiency and decreasing the toxicity, the potency
of the nanoformulation to inhibit and to kill the parasite is increased. In this regard, the results of a
study performed in 2018, demonstrated that chitosan nanoparticles with the higher dose of drug
loading were the most effective formulation to inhibit and kill the parasite. Thus, chitosan nanocarrier
can consider as an appropriate candidate in the future to inhibit and kill the Leishmania parasite
without causing side effects
Physical and Mental Functions of Cardiovascular Diseased Patients Decrease During the State of Emergency Initiated by the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan
Authors: Ishihara Kodai , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Noto Shinichi , Shimizu Ikki
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective:

We aimed to examine the differences in life-space mobility
and quality of life (QoL) of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) between the pre- and postnationwide
state of emergency initiated by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in
Japan and to show the factors associated with the decrease in life-space mobility and QoL in these
patients.

Methods:

We undertook a longitudinal study of 20 out of 51 consecutive CVD patients with coronary
artery disease (CAD) who met the study criteria. We used the Life-Space Assessment (LSA)
tool to evaluate Life-space mobility and assessed QoL with the five-level EuroQoL five-dimensional
questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) in Japanese.

Results:

The LSA scores and EQ-5D-5L QoL score decreased significantly from the pre- to postnationwide
state of emergency in Japan (p < 0.01). ΔLSA was significantly positively associated
with body mass index and significantly negatively associated with knee extensor muscle strength
and pre-LSA score (p < 0.05). There were no significant relationships between ΔLSA and ΔEQ-
5D-5L QoL scores and between ΔEQ-5D-5L QoL scores and patient characteristics.

Conclusion:

The policies promoted to address the state of emergency in Japan might affect life-space
mobility and QoL of CAD patients. Moreover, CAD patients in Japan who were not obese
and maintained their physical function and activity tended to refrain from activity during the period
between the pre- and post-nationwide state of emergency. Clarification of the effects of the
COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between living space motility and QoL in CAD patients
will require further study.
Technological Maturity and Systematic Review of Medicinal Plants with Pharmacological Activity in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Bastos Eduardo M.S. , da Silva Victor D.A. , Costa Silvia L. , Hanna Samira A.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Medicinal plants present activities against neurodegenerative diseases
with potential for the pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the objective of this
study was to investigate the current panorama of patents and articles of Brazilian medicinal
plants with pharmacological activities in the Central Nervous System (CNS), regarding
such aspects as the number of patents by countries, areas of knowledge, and technological
maturity.

Method:

We carry out a technological exploration on the Questel Orbit® platform with
the descriptors: Agave sisalana P., Amburana cearenses A., Dimorphandra mollis B., Jatropha
curcas L., Poincianella pyramidalis T. and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. with pharmacological
activity and scientific exploration in PubMed and Science Direct associated
with the CNS in the title, abstract, and methodology.

Results:

A total of 642 patents were identified between the years 1999-2019. India, China,
and Brazil are highlighted, 6th place, out of a total of 48 countries. Of these, 30 patents
were not in the National Institute of Industrial Property, and 10% are Brazilian in
biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. Eleven articles were used in PubMed and
Science Direct with scientific domains (anticancer, neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory).
The Federal University of Bahia is highlighted, showing Technology Readiness Levels
(TRL4), basic skills of pre-clinical research.

Conclusion:

Brazilian public universities have a significant role in the scientific, technological
and innovative development of therapeutic assets for CNS.
Validating the Arabic Scale of Happiness among College Students
Authors: Dodeen Hamzeh M. , Cody Brettjet L.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Happiness is well known to have positive consequences not only on one person but also on society as a whole. For this reason, psychologists have become increasingly interested in positive psychology in general and in happiness in particular. This interest has been reflected in studying happiness and measuring it. Thus, questions raised lately about the best methods or producers and tools to accurately measure it. And, because happiness is a culturally influenced construct, the applicability of such tools needs to be verified across cultures.

Objectives:

The study aimed at assessing the reliability and validity of the Arab Scale of Happiness (ASH). The study was conducted on college students, and the analysis included testing of several statistical analyses such as the correlations between two tools for measuring happiness, namely, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWKS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).

Methods:

A total of 731 college students from a public university in UAE were recruited for the tests used in the study. The validation process of the ASH included assessing its factor structure using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal reliability of the scale were assessed and reported in addition to evaluating gender differences.

Results:

Results indicated that the ASH is unidimensional, with a dominant factor explained more than 50% of the variance. The internal reliability of the ASH was high (α= .93), and all items performed properly in measuring happiness. The scale has a good convergent validity as it is highly and positively correlated with OHQ and SWLS, and good discriminate validity as its highly and negatively correlated with BDI-II.

Conclusion:

The ASH is a reliable and valid scale for measuring happiness among youth and college students. It is necessary to establish its appropriateness for use across populations or countries in future studies. Furthermore, the scale can be used in cross-cultural applications to assess happiness among different groups of individuals.
Burden and Depression among Jordanian Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alnazly Eman Khamis
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Caring for patients receiving hemodialysis places a burden on caregivers.

Objectives:

To examine caregiving burden and depression in the family caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis and associated factors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional design was used. Participants were 204 adult caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. Questionnaires included sociodemographic characteristics, the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale-Difficulty (OCBS-D) subscale, Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure the burden and depression of caregivers. Descriptive statistics, two linear regression analyses, and multinomial logistic regression were used in data analysis.

Results:

The majority (59.0%, n = 120) of caregivers had a moderate level of depression with scores ranging from 11 to 16. The analysis showed that the mean score of OCBS-D was 42.0 (SD = 4.7) with scores ranging from 26.9 to 58.9 (range = 32.0), while the caregivers' mean score of BCOS was 52.1 (SD = 9.3) with scores ranging from 38.0 to 82.5 (range = 44.5). Given that the expected score of OCBS-D and BCOS ranged from 15 to 75 and 15 to 105, respectively, the analysis indicated a moderate to a high level of burden among caregivers. Age and travel time were associated with a higher likelihood of negative outcomes in the family caregivers, while higher patient age was associated with a greater caregiver burden.

Relevance to Clinical Practice:

It is important to assess and address the practical issues that caregivers experience, such as employment-related responsibilities, financial difficulties, and the need to learn specific skills related to patients’ chronic illnesses.

Conclusion:

Caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis are likely to experience moderate depression and burden. Caregiver burden increases with patient age and travel time to the hemodialysis units.
Factors Affecting the Eating Behavior Disorders of Korean College Students
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Kim Mi Young , Shin Gisoo
Published: March 2021

Background:

University students are exposed to environments that may negatively influence their physical and mental health. New trends such as cooking shows may affect their eating habits.

Objective:

This study investigated factors such as general characteristics, diet, eating habits, and eating attitudes that may be associated with eating behavior disorders among university students in Korea.

Methods:

This descriptive research was conducted on 207 students who attend A University located in C city using an online self-administered questionnaire including questions on their general characteristics, eating habits, eating attitudes, and eating behavior disorders. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression (hierarchical) using SPSS.

Results:

Two independent variables and seven factors under general characteristics were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. In Model 1, the degree of eating behavior disorders was significantly higher among women (β = .17,p= .016) and those on diet compared to those not on diet (β = -.38,p< .001). Eating alone led to a higher degree of eating behavior disorders than eating with friends (β = -.23,p= .001). In Model 2, eating habits (β = -.24,p< .001) and eating attitudes (β = .27,p <.001) accounted for 27.4% of the explanatory power as factors affecting eating behavior disorders (F = 8.06,p< .001).

Conclusion:

Eating habits and attitudes affect the eating behavior of university students.
The impact of human resources management on achieving organizational uniqueness: An applied study of Shendi University-Sudan
Authors:   Faculty of Business, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Hussein Malak Salih Saeed
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study is to answer the following questions: Is there an impact of human resources management in achieving institutional excellence? If yes, then to what extent is the ability of human resources management to raise the efficiency of the organization, customer satisfaction, and increase effectiveness within the organization? To answer these questions that revolve around the problem, the following scientific hypotheses have been put forward: There is a statistically significant relationship between human resource management and achieving organizational uniqueness. This main hypothesis has branched into several hypotheses, including that there is a statistically significant relationship between human resources management and achieving efficiency, effectiveness, and customer satisfaction within the organization. To reach the most important results, a descriptive and analytical approach was used to identify the impact of human resources management in achieving institutional uniqueness and analyzing hypotheses and testing them through the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) through a questionnaire that was distributed to the random sample. From the study community at Shendi University, where the results were obtained, the most important of which are: The institution is working to simplify the management of its processes, procedures, and working methods, and improve the level of services provided to the client. The management must commit to implementing and completing tasks within plan and time. The institution shall maintain the security and confidentiality of the information exchanged. The study reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Ensuring the creation of a sustainable future within the organization by effectively addressing the problems that exist within the organization and attention to developing institutional capabilities through managing change effectively inside and outside the organization's borders. Comparison has been made with some previous studies in human resource management, and the difference between them and this study was that this study dealt with the aspect of institutional excellence.
Acute Pyelonephritis in Pregnant Women: Features of Treatment
Authors: Botashev M. I. , Bairamkulov U. M. , Uraskulov A. B. , Semenov A. R. , Korkmazov A. M.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The prevalence of acute pyelonephritis (AP) in pregnant women varies from 3% to 18%. There is an increase in the AP incidence in pregnant women over the past two decades with the growth of purulent-destructive forms incidence. Currently, there is no unity of views on the issues of therapeutic tactics in pregnant women according to the literature data. Besides, there are no clear criteria for the timing and choice of the method of upper urinary tract (UUT) drainage. This circumstance determines the relevance of the study of the effectiveness of minimally invasive methods of AP treatment and UUT obstructive lesions in pregnant women.

Purpose of the study. To study the effectiveness of minimally invasive methods of AP treatment in pregnant women.

Materials and methods. The results of AP treatment and various UUT obstructive lesions in 293 pregnant women from 2013 to 2018 years were analyzed. Patients` age: from 15 to 42 years (mean is 25 years). At the same time, 237 (81%) patients were in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Urodynamic disorders were resolved in 123 (42%) patients with stenting, ureter catheterization, and percutaneous nephrostomy (PNS). In 28 (9.5%) cases, UUT obstruction was caused by kidney stones, in 7 (2.4%) cases contact ureterolithotripsy (CULT) was performed on this occasion.

Results. In 16 (5.4%) patients developed complications, such as sepsis and septic shock. Purulent-destructive AP forms were observed in 8 (2.7%) pregnant women. AP was stopped in all patients against the background of the restored urine passage and ongoing conservative therapy. The need for lumbotomy, kidney`s decapsulation, carbuncles` excision, nephrectomy did not arise in any case. Eventually, 221 (75%) pregnant women had timely deliveries. Preterm birth was observed in 52 (17%) pregnant women. Maternal mortality has not been reported. Antenatal fetal death was detected in 2 (0.6%) cases within 1-2 months after discharge from the urological division.

Conclusion. Timely conservative managment of AP in pregnant women with adequately restored of urine passage allows to minimize severe septic complications and avoid traumatic open surgical interventions.

The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on Physical and Mental Health, Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Ideation, and the Mediating Role of Stressors
Authors:   Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan, Kiuchi Keita , Kishi Katsumasa , Araki Kanto
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the physical and psychological impacts of elements related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and demographic data in Japan both directly and as mediated by stressors, immediately following the rescinding of the state of emergency declaration accompanying the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak. An online survey was administered to 1,500 Japanese registered with an online outsourcing service. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Mplus. Relatively large total effects were observed for “insufficient exercise” on physical health (β = –0.24, SE = 0.03), “mental health issues related to COVID-19” on mental health (β= –0.25, SE = 0.03) and psychological distress (β= 0.24, SE = 0.03), neuroticism on mental health (β= –0.30, SE = 0.02) and psychological distress (β= 0.36, SE = 0.02), and social support on suicidal ideation (β= –0.32, SE = 0.03). Thus, mitigating the harm resulting from the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 infection outbreak by raising awareness of risk factors and promoting social support is feasible.
Model Pengajaran Sistem Perilaku: Belajar Dari Simulasi
Authors: Nur Hanip Sepma Pulthinka , Anwar Fatah Saiful , Salim Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini membahas terkait pentingnya pembelajaran yang terintegrasi antara dunia belajar anak dengan realitas kehidupan yang melingkupinya. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan pentingnya penekanan pada model pembelajaran yang mengarah pada peningkatan daya kognitif, afektif mapun psikomotorik secara komprehensif. Salah satu cara untuk mencapai hal tersebut adalah melalui pembelajran sistem perilaku yakni belajar dari simulasi. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah library research (studi kepustakaan) dengan cara mengumpulkan buku, jurnal, maupun lainnya seputar isu utama dalam penelitian. Analisis data secara  induktif, tema dibangun dari bawah ke atas (induktif) kemudian mengolah data ke dalam unit-unit informasi yang lebih abstrak, hal ini perlu dilakukan berulang-ulang agar peneliti dapat membangun tema secara utuh. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran simulasi bisa dijadikan salah satu cara dalam sistem pembelajaran yang komprehensif, di mana guru dituntut untuk berpikir kritis terkait pembelajaran. Ada empat hal pokok: menjelaskan, penengah, pembina, berdiskusi.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (Problem Based Learning ) Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PKWU Di Kelas XII IPS2 Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2019/ 2020
Authors: Budi Sihono Setyo
Published: March 2021

This research in aimed to find out if Problem  Based Learning Model can improve the  independence of learning and learning achievment  at class XII IPS2 in MAN 1 Kulon Progo. The subject of this reasearch the students of MAN 1 Kulon Progo at class XII IPS2 for 33 students. The datum are  obtained by using observation sheet and quantitative   and  qualitative data analysis. It is shown that the are significant improvemens on cycle I, cycle II , and cycle III. The everage scores of learning achievement are 65,7 on cycle I, 71,6 on cycle II and 73,5 on cycle III. The evarega score of independence of learning are 73,06, on cycle I, 76,51 on cycle II and 88,18 on cycle III.

 

Keywords : Problem  Based Learning Model, Learning Achievement, independence of learning,
Persepsi Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Selama Program Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Arifin Ahmad Syamsul , Sukati Sukati
Published: March 2021

The Covid-19 Pandemic has caused a number of educational institutions in Indonesia to be temporarily closed. Learning activities in a number of areas are carried out online and eliminate face-to-face learning. The implementation of online learning in Indonesia, including in Bantul DIY district, is not an easy matter because it is a new way of adapting to the new Indonesian education system. This study aims to explore teachers' perceptions of online learning that have been held during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research which aims to describe the teacher's perceptions of the effectiveness of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were 46 teachers. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire that was submitted to the respondents online (social media and electronic mail).

Based on the results of the study, it was found that all Islamic elementary school (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) teachers in Bantul had implemented online learning. Even so, most of the respondents stated that online learning was not yet effective (69.60%). This is influenced by limited infrastructure, the readiness of parents to provide assistance to children while learning from home, and some teachers have not been able to respond and adapt to this online learning properly and effectively.

Keywords: teacher perceptions, online learning, pandemic covid-19
Proses Belajar Efektif dalam Membentuk Kecerdasan Intelektual dan Motivasi Belajar pada Mahasiswa di Mahad Ali bin Abi Thalib Yogyakarta
Authors: Amry Syaiful
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK 

Penelitian ini berjudul proses belajar efektif dalam membentuk kecerdasan intelektual dan motivasi belajar pada mahasiswa di Mahad Ali bin Abi Thalib Yogyakarta. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana proses belajar efektif mahasiswa, mengetahui kecerdasan intelektual mahasiswa, memahami motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Serta adakah pengaruhnya antara proses belajar efektif dengan kecerdasan intelektual dan motivasi belajar pada mahasiswa di Mahad Ali bin Abi Thalib Yogyakarta.

Jenis dan pendekatan penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif (deskriptif). Adapun subjek penelitian adalah enam (6) mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan cara reduksi, penyajian, penarikan, kredibilitas data.

Hasil dari pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : 1) proses belajar efektif mahasiswa adalah dalam kegiatan pembelajarannya bahwa aspek presensi dan mengerjakan tugas dinilai baik, di lihat dari berdiskusi dan menanyakan kepada teman untuk mengulang materi maupun belajar bersama. Wadah dan organisasi belajar menggunakan kurikulum Silsilah Lughotul Arabiyyah. Serta para guru sudah memberikan motivasi belajar dan membantu dalam pemahaman materi. Kemudian faktor pendukung datang dari diri sendiri karena minat dalam belajar bahasa Arab. 2) kecerdasan intelektual mahasiswa diperoleh dengan mengulang kembali materi pelajaran, mendengarkan penjelasan guru, dan bertanya kepada teman dan guru. 3) motivasi belajar mahasiswa adalah adanya dorongan dalam diri mempelajari bahasa Arab dan studi Islam, bisa berbahasa Arab aktif maupun pasif, serta karena bahasa Arab adalah ilmu untuk mempelajari al-qur’an. 4) selanjutnya pengaruh proses belajar efektif dilihat dari pada mahasiswa sendiri, apakah dia lulusan dari pondok ataukah sudah pernah mempelajari bahasa arab sebelumnya. Karena kendala yang sering didapat oleh mahasiswa adalah penguasaan bahasa Arab secara mendasar.

Kata kunci : proses belajar efektif, kecerdasan intelektual, motivasi belajar
Addressing the Digital Inverse Care Law in the Time of COVID-19: Potential for Digital Technology to Exacerbate or Mitigate Health Inequalities
Authors: Davies Alisha R , Honeyman Matthew , Gann Bob
Published: March 2021

Digital technologies have been transforming methods of health care delivery and have been embraced within the health, social, and public response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this has directed attention to the “inverse information law” (also called “digital inverse care law”) and digital inequalities, as people who are most in need of support (in particular, older people and those experiencing social deprivation) are often least likely to engage with digital platforms. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic represents a sustained shift to the adoption of digital approaches to working and engaging with populations, which will continue beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying factors contributing to digital inequalities and act immediately to avoid digital inequality contributing to health inequalities in the future.
The response to COVID-19 represents a sustained shift to adopting digital approaches to working and engaging with populations which will continue beyond this pandemic. Therefore it is important that we understand the underlying factors contributing to digital inequalities, and act now to protect against digital inequality contributing to health inequalities in the future.
A Mobile App (AMOR Mama) for Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy: Functionality and Usability Study
Authors: Cruz Flávia Oliveira de Almeida Marques da , Faria Edison Tostes , Ghobad Pabblo Cardelino , Alves Leandro Yukio Mano , Reis Paula Elaine Diniz dos
Published: March 2021

Background

Mobile apps targeting women with breast cancer can facilitate access to information, improve well-being, and record reports of treatment-related symptoms. However, it is important to confirm the benefits of these apps before they are used as a tool in clinical care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality and the usability of a mobile app created to guide and monitor patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy.

Methods

The evaluation process of the mobile app was performed in 2 steps with 8 professionals, including nurses, physician, medical physicists, and communication networks engineer. The first step was the focus group, which allowed obtaining suggestions proposed by the participants regarding the improvement of the mobile app. The second step was the individual filling in of an evaluation tool to obtain objective measures about the mobile app. A minimum concordance index of 80% was considered to ensure the adequacy of the material.

Results

After the mobile app was evaluated by 8 professionals, only 1 item of the evaluation tool, that is, concerning the potentiality of the app to be used by users of different educational levels, obtained a concordance index <80%.

Conclusions

The mobile app titled “AMOR Mama” was considered suitable, which suggests its contribution to an educational health technology to guide and monitor patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. More studies with this target population should be carried out to assess the performance and quality of the mobile app during its use.
Changes in Workers’ Sedentary and Physical Activity Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Relationships With Fatigue: Longitudinal Online Study
Authors: Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Nakaya Tomoki , McCormack Gavin R , Shibata Ai , Ishii Kaori , Oka Koichiro
Published: March 2021

Background

Sedentary behaviors and physical activity are likely to be affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, and sedentary lifestyles can increase subjective fatigue. The nonpharmaceutical policies imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic may also have adverse effects on fatigue.

Objective

This study has two aims: to examine the changes in sedentary behaviors and physical activity of company workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and to examine relationships between changes in these sedentary behaviors and physical activity and changes in fatigue.

Methods

Data from a nationwide prospective online survey conducted in 2019 and 2020 were used. On February 22, 2019, an email with a link to participate in the study was sent to 45,659 workers, aged 20 to 59 years, who were randomly selected from a database of approximately 1 million individuals. A total of 2466 and 1318 participants, who self-reported their occupation as company workers, answered the baseline and follow-up surveys, respectively. Surveys captured fatigue, workday and daily domain-specific sedentary behaviors and physical activity, and total sedentary behaviors and physical activity. We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate associations of changes in sedentary behaviors and physical activity with changes in fatigue.

Results

Increases in public transportation sitting during workdays, other leisure sitting time during workdays, and other leisure sitting time were associated with an increase in the motivation aspect of fatigue (b=0.29, 95% CI 0-0.57, P=.048; b=0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.62, P<.001; and b=0.26, 95% CI 0.07-0.45, P=.007, respectively). Increases in work-related sitting time during workdays, total sitting time during workdays, and total work-related sitting time were significantly associated with an increase in the physical activity aspect of fatigue (b=0.06, 95% CI 0-0.12, P=.03; b=0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.09, P=.02; and b=0.07, 95% CI 0-0.14, P=.04, respectively). The motivation and physical activity aspects of fatigue increased by 0.06 for each 1-hour increase in total sitting time between baseline and follow-up (b=0.06, 95% CI 0-0.11, P=.045; and b=0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.10, P=.009, respectively).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that sedentary and active behaviors among company workers in Japan were negatively affected during the COVID-19 outbreak. Increases in several domain-specific sedentary behaviors also contributed to unfavorable changes in workers’ fatigue. Social distancing and teleworking amid a pandemic may contribute to the sedentary lifestyle of company workers. Public health interventions are needed to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic or future pandemics on sedentary and physical activity behaviors and fatigue among company workers.