bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CSC‐3436 sensitizes triple negative breast cancer cells to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis through ROS‐mediated p38/CHOP/death receptor 5 signaling pathways
Authors: Huang Chun‐Chen , Cheng Yi‐Ching , Lin Ying‐Chao , Chou Chun‐Hung , Ho Chi‐Tang , Wang Hao‐Kuang , Way Tzong‐Der
Published: October 2021

Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐induced ligand (TRAIL) shows little or no toxicity in most normal cells and preferentially induces apoptosis in a variety of malignant cells. However, patients develop resistance to TRAIL, therefore, sensitizing agents that can sensitize the tumor cells to TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis are necessary. In this study, we investigated the effect of 2‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐methylnaphthyridin‐4‐one (CSC‐3436), an useful flavonoid, to overcome the TRAIL‐resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We found that CSC‐3436 potentiated TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in TRAIL‐resistant TNBC cells and this correlated with the upregulation of death receptors (DR)‐5 and down‐regulation of decreased decoy receptor (DcR)‐1 expression. When examined for its mechanism, we found that the decreased expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins c‐FLIPS/L, Bcl‐Xl, Bcl‐2, Survivin, and XIAP. CSC‐3436 would increase the expression of Bax and promoted the cleavage of bid. In addition, the induction of DR5 by CSC‐3436 was found to be dependent on the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/p38/C/EBP‐homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathways. Overall, our results indicated that CSC‐3436 could potentiate the apoptotic effects of TRAIL through down‐regulation of cell survival proteins and upregulation of DR5 via the ROS‐mediated upregulation of CHOP protein.
Health care utilization of individuals with Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome in the general population
Authors: Tornkvist Navkiran T. , Aziz Imran , Whitehead William E. , Sperber Ami D. , Palsson Olafur S. , Hreinsson Jóhann Pall , Simrén Magnus , Törnblom Hans
Published: October 2021

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is highly prevalent worldwide but mechanisms for healthcare seeking behaviours in this patient group are poorly understood.

Objective

To describe healthcare utilization and identify factors associated with seeking healthcare amongst IBS subjects in the general population.

Methods

An internet survey was completed by 6,300 individuals equally distributed between United States, United Kingdom and Canada. The Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire was used to identify subjects with IBS. Data on demographics, medical history, gastrointestinal (GI) and non‐GI symptoms, quality of life and health care consumption was collected.

Results

A total of 5,931 subjects were included; 274 (4.6%) IBS subjects and 5657 (95.3%) non‐IBS controls. IBS subjects reported more doctor consultations for both GI and other health problems as well as increased use of medication and rate of abdominal surgery (appendectomy excluded). Having healthcare insurance or access to free public healthcare (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–15.44), followed by high frequency of bloating (AOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.42–4.93) and increasing age (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.05) were found to be independently associated with being an IBS consulter while doctor‐diagnosed IBS subjects were more likely to be female and to report abdominal pain as their most bothersome GI symptom than other consulters with IBS.

Conclusion

IBS subjects have higher healthcare utilization than non‐IBS controls, medication use and abdominal surgery included. Furthermore, consulters with and without an IBS diagnosis differ in sex distribution and symptom profiles. Hence, awareness of the possibility of unnecessary medical and surgical treatment in IBS subjects and a sex‐related diagnostic bias by doctors is warranted.
Algorithm advances and applications of time‐dependent first‐principles simulations for ultrafast dynamics
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hao , Wang Zhi , Chen Zhang‐Hui , Luo Jun‐Wei , Li Shu‐Shen , Wang Lin‐Wang
Published: October 2021

Far from equilibrium phenomenon is a central theme of contemporary material research. Such phenomenon can exhibit itself in atomic structure and dynamics, but very often it also happens as non‐equilibrium phenomenon in the electronic structure. In ab initio material simulation, density functional theory (DFT) has played an essential role in studying electronic ground state problems. For excited states, besides many‐body perturbation theory, another powerful tool is the time dependent DFT (TDDFT) method. In particular, the real‐time TDDFT (rt‐TDDFT) method can be used to simulate many non‐equilibrium phenomena directly. Here we introduce our works on some algorithm advances based on our recently rt‐TDDFT method. This method uses the plane‐wave basis set, and significantly accelerates its efficiency by increasing the time step from 0.1–1 as in traditional methods to 0.2–0.5 fs. The noncollinear magnetic moments and spin–orbit coupling have also been included in our rt‐TDDFT method. Furthermore, a Boltzmann‐TDDFT algorithm has been developed to solve the hot carrier overheating problem in Ehrenfest dynamics, and a natural orbital branching algorithm has been developed to overcome the mean‐field approximation in Ehrenfest dynamics nuclear trajectory, thus allows stochastic multiple paths in chemical reactions. Utilizing these methods, we have studied the photoinduced ultrafast demagnetization, ultrafast phase transition, energy transfer between plasmon and hot carriers, as well as the high‐energy ion implantation and low‐energy atomic diffusion in semiconductors. We believe the tools as the ones introduced here can enable us to study a wide range of phenomena which are of great interest in modern day material research.

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods

Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Symmetry enhancements in 7d heterotic strings
Authors: Fraiman Bernardo , Parra De Freitas Héctor
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We use a moduli space exploration algorithm to produce a complete list of maximally enhanced gauge groups that are realized in the heterotic string in 7d, encompassing the usual Narain component, and five other components with rank reduction realized via nontrivial holonomy triples. Using lattice embedding techniques we find an explicit match with the mechanism of singularity freezing in M-theory on K3. The complete global data for each gauge group is explicitly given.
Higher spin wormholes from modular bootstrap
Authors: Das Diptarka , Datta Shouvik
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We investigate the connection between spacetime wormholes and ensemble averaging in the context of higher spin AdS3/CFT2. Using techniques from modular bootstrap combined with some holographic inputs, we evaluate the partition function of a Euclidean wormhole in AdS3 higher spin gravity. The fixed spin sectors of the dual CFT2 exhibit features that starkly go beyond conventional random matrix ensembles: power-law ramps in the spectral form factor and potentials with a double-well/crest underlying the level statistics.
Minimal spin deflection of Kerr-Newman and supersymmetric black hole
Authors: Chen Bo-Ting , Chung Ming-Zhi , Huang Yu-tin , Tam Man Kuan
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that minimal couplings for massive spinning particles, which in the classical limit reproduce the leading PM Kerr black hole dynamics, leads to an eikonal S-matrix exhibiting spin-entanglement suppression. In this paper we trace this phenomenon to the suppression of spin-flipping components in the S-matrix, known to be the hallmark of minimal coupling in the ultra-relativistic limit. We further generalize the consideration to charged and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 blackholes, demonstrating that in both cases maximal suppression occurs at the extremal limit.
Adjustment disorder in cancer patients after treatment: prevalence and acceptance of psychological treatment
Authors: Van Beek F. E. , Wijnhoven L. M. A. , Custers J. A. E. , Holtmaat K. , De Rooij B. H. , Horevoorts N. J. E. , Aukema E. J. , Verheul S. , Eerenstein S. E. J. , Strobbe L. , Van Oort I. M. , Vergeer M. R. , Prins J. B. , Verdonck-de Leeuw I. M. , Jansen F.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of adjustment disorder (AD) among cancer patients and the acceptance of psychological treatment, in relation to sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors.

Methods

Breast, prostate, and head and neck cancer patients of all stages and treatment modalities (N = 200) participated in this observational study. Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Checklist Individual Strength, Distress Thermometer and problem list. Patients with increased risk on AD based on these questionnaires were scheduled for a diagnostic interview. Patients diagnosed with AD were invited to participate in a randomized controlled trial on the cost-effectiveness of psychological treatment. Participation in this trial was used as a proxy of acceptance of psychological treatment. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associated factors.

Results

The overall prevalence of AD was estimated at 13.1%. Sensitivity analyses showed prevalence rates of AD of 11.5%, 15.0%, and 23.5%. Acceptance of psychological treatment was estimated at 65%. AD was associated both with being employed (OR = 3.3, CI = 1.3–8.4) and having a shorter time since diagnosis (OR = 0.3, CI = 0.1–0.8).

Conclusion

Taking sensitivity analysis into account, the prevalence of AD among cancer patients is estimated at 13 to 15%, and is related to being employed and having a shorter time since diagnosis. The majority of cancer patients with AD accept psychological treatment.
Small-scale private forest owners and the European Natura 2000 conservation network: perceived ecosystem services, management practices, and nature conservation attitudes
Authors: Tiebel Malin , Mölder Andreas , Plieninger Tobias
Published: October 2021

The systematic designation of protected areas is a key strategy in modern biodiversity conservation. As for now, the Natura 2000 system of the European Union (EU) is the largest coordinated network of conservation areas worldwide. Since this scheme has a focus on forests, its effectiveness substantially depends on small-scale private forest owners who represent the largest forest ownership group in Europe. We conducted a quantitative survey (n = 1671) in Northwest Germany focusing on the perceived importance of ecosystem services, the performance of management practices, nature conservation attitudes, as well as stand characteristics of small-scale private forest owners with and without Natura 2000 sites. Forest owners perceived regulating and cultural services as more important than provisioning ecosystem services while having a multifunctional perspective on their forest. Owners with Natura 2000 sites had a stronger focus on resource use and, with the exception of habitat-tree protection, did not perform conservation measures more frequently than those without. Moreover, we found more negative nature conservation attitudes among this ownership group. In conclusion, the Natura 2000 scheme needs to be more strongly adapted to the demands of small-scale private forest owners, for example by increasing profound participation and establishing a results-based incentive scheme for conservation measures. The perspectives of small-scale private forest owners have to be considered comprehensively to ensure the effective and sustainable implementation of the Natura 2000 conservation network.
Retrograde urethrography, sonouretrography and magnetic resonance urethrography in evaluation of male urethral strictures. Should the novel methods become the new standard in radiological diagnosis of urethral stricture disease?
Authors: Mikolaj Frankiewicz , Karolina Markiet , Oliwia Kozak , Jakub Krukowski , Adam Kałużny , Mariusz Belka , Patrycja Naumczyk , Marcin Matuszewski
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To verify which of the diagnostic modalities: Voiding cystouretrography (VCUG), Sonouretrography (SUG) or Magnetic resonance uretrography (MRU) is the most accurate in the assessment of urethral strictures in males and in what cases the application of novel imaging techniques benefits most.

Methods

55 male patients with a diagnosis of urethral stricture, were enrolled in this prospective study. Initial diagnosis of urethral stricture was based on anamnesis, uroflowmetry and VCUG. Additional imaging procedures—SUG and MRU were performed before the surgery. Virtual models and 3D printed models of the urethra with the stricture were created based on the MRU data. Exact stricture length and location were evaluated by each radiological method and accuracy was verified intraoperatively. Agreement between SUG and MRU assessments of spongiofibrosis was evaluated. MRU images were independently interpreted by two radiologists (MRU 1, MRU 2) and rater reliability was calculated.

Results

MRU was the most accurate [(95% CI 0.786–0.882), p < 0.0005] with an average overestimation of 1.145 mm (MRU 1) and 0.727 mm (MRU 2) as compared with the operative measure. VCUG was less accurate [(95% CI 0.536–0.769), p < 0.0005] with an average underestimation of 1.509 mm as compared with operative measure. SUG was the least accurate method [(95% CI 0.510–0.776), p < 0.0005] with an average overestimation of 2.127 mm as compared with the operative measure. There was almost perfect agreement of MRU interpretations between the radiologists.

Conclusions

VCUG is still considered as a ‘gold standard’ in diagnosing urethral stricture disease despite its limitations. SUG and MRU provide extra guidance in preoperative planning and should be considered as supplemental for diagnosing urethral stricture. Combination of VCUG and SUG may be an optimal set of radiological tools for diagnosing patients with urethral strictures located in the penile urethra. MRU is the most accurate method and should particularly be considered in cases of post-traumatic or multiple strictures and strictures located in the posterior urethra.
A fresh outlook on the smooth-spored species of Inocybe: type studies and 18 new species
Authors: Bandini Ditte , Oertel Bernd , Eberhardt Ursula
Published: October 2021

On the basis of detailed morphological and molecular investigation, eighteen new species of Inocybe (I. alberichiana, I. beatifica, I. bellidiana, I. clandestina, I. drenthensis, I. dryadiana, I. gaiana, I. ghibliana, I. grusiana, I. knautiana, I. lampetiana, I. oetziana, I. orionis, I. plurabellae, I. rivierana, I. scolopacis, I. sitibunda and I. tiburtina) are described. All of them are smooth-spored, and most of them are pruinose only in the apical part of the stipe. The new species are compared to 40 type specimens, all of which are described here and for several of which (partial) ITS sequences have been generated. For eight species, epi-, lecto- or neotypes were selected, among these are I. geophylla, I. glabripes and I. tigrina. Based on these studies, we suggest twelve synonymies, i.e. that I. clarkii is synonymous with I. sindonia, I. conformata with I. cincinnata, I. elegans with I. griseolilacina, I. fuscidula with I. glabripes, I. griseotarda with I. psammobrunnea, I. obscurella with I. obscuroides, I. obscuromellea with I. semifulva, I. patibilis and I. tigrinella with I. tigrina, I. petroselinolens with I. tenuicystidiata and I. rubidofracta with I. pseudorubens and I. subporospora is synonymized with I. tjallingiorum. All of the new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses. Among the previously described species accepted here, sixteen are represented by types in the phylogenetic analyses and ten by own collections morphologically corresponding to the type. In summary, we here verify or provide morphological concepts associated with molecular data for 44 smooth-spored species of Inocybe.
Studies in the Basidiodendron caesiocinereum complex (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Spirin Viacheslav , Malysheva Vera , Schoutteten Nathan , Viner Ilya , Miettinen Otto , Nordén Jenni , Ryvarden Leif , Kotiranta Heikki , Verbeken Annemieke , Weiß Michael , Larsson Karl-Henrik
Published: October 2021

Taxonomy of Basidiodendron caesiocinereum complex is revised based on morphological and molecular methods (with the use of nc LSU rDNA, ITS and TEF1 regions). The basidiospore ornamentation is justified as a key morphological character for the species recognition in the group. As redefined here, B. caesiocinereum is an angiosperm-dwelling species with smooth basidiospores. Bourdotia cinerella and B. cinerella var. trachyspora are proved to represent separate species with warted basidiospores; they are reintroduced as Basidiodendron cinerellum and B. trachysporum. Additionally, eight new species related to B. caesiocinereum are described based on material from Eurasia, North America and Africa, and identity of B. spinosum from Oceania is discussed.
Vygotsky’s Legacy: Understanding and Beyond
Authors: van der Veer René
Published: October 2021

The article sketches the history of the study of Vygotsky’s legacy in the Soviet Union and the West and then switches to a brief discussion of the origin of the book Understanding Vygotsky published 30 years ago. Several features and shortcomings of the book are discussed and it is shown that recent publications partly fill the gaps in our knowledge. This is illustrated by a succinct discussion of the contributions to the special issue which show that Vygotsky’s legacy continues to inspire the modern researcher.
Arginase-1 Released into CSF After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Decreases Arginine/Ornithine Ratio: a Novel Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Zimmermann Julian , Weller Johannes , Grub Sven , Kebir Sied , Lehmann Felix , Vatter Hartmut , Schuss Patrick , Güresir Erdem , Müller Marcus
Published: October 2021

We hypothesized that the enzyme arginase-1 is released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during red blood cell lysis and contributes to dysregulated metabolism of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine during aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This prospective case–control study included 43 patients with aneurysmal SAH and ventricular drainage for clinical reasons. Longitudinal CSF samples (99) were obtained in the course of SAH. Patients were dichotomized regarding the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm syndrome (CVS) (N = 19). Arginase-1 and the amino acids L-arginine and L-ornithine were quantified in CSF. Outcome assessments included delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and functional status after 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Arginase-1 was released into the CSF of SAH patients whereas this enzyme was undetectable in controls. Compared to patients without CVS, arginase-1 levels were higher in CVS patients until day 14 after clinical event. The well-known surrogate parameter for arginase acitivity, the L-arginine to L-ornithine ratio (Arg/Orn), correlated with CSF arginase-1 levels. Arg/Orn was reduced in patients with CVS from disease onset (days 1–3, p = 0.0009) until day 14. Logistic regression analysis of early Arg/Orn was predictive for CVS (p = 0.008) and DCI (p = 0.035), independent of age, Hunt and Hess grade, and intraventricular blood. Arg/Orn < 2.71 at disease onset predicted CVS with a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 72.2%. Arg/Orn ≥ 2.71 predicted excellent functional outcome. We propose a novel mechanism contributing to NO deprivation during SAH: arginase-1 is released from erythrocytes into the CSF, leading to L-arginine consumption and reduced NO bioavailability. Furthermore, Arg/Orn is a robust predictor for occurrence of CVS, DCI, and functional outcome 3 months after aneurysmal SAH. Our data provide a novel prognostic biomarker and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in SAH. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.drks.de. Unique identifier: DRKS00015293, date of registration: 13.09.2018.
All-SiC Fiber-Optic Sensor Based on Direct Wafer Bonding for High Temperature Pressure Sensing
Authors: Liang Ting , Li Wangwang , Lei Cheng , Li Yongwei , Li Zhiqiang , Xiong Jijun
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an all-SiC fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (FP) pressure sensor based on the hydrophilic direct bonding technology for the applications in the harsh environment. The operating principle, fabrication, interface characteristics, and pressure response test of the proposed all-SiC pressure sensor are discussed. The FP cavity is formed by hermetically direct bonding of two-layer SiC wafers, including a thinned SiC diaphragm and a SiC wafer with an etched cavity. White light interference is used for the detection and demodulation of the sensor pressure signals. Experimental results demonstrate the sensing capabilities for the pressure range up to 800 kPa. The all-SiC structure without any intermediate layer can avoid the sensor failure caused by the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and therefore has a great potential for pressure measurement in high temperature environments.
Decarbonising Industry via BECCS: Promising Sectors, Challenges, and Techno-economic Limits of Negative Emissions
Authors: Tanzer S. E. , Blok K. , Ramírez A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose of Review

This paper reviews recent literature on the combined use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in the industries of steel, cement, paper, ethanol, and chemicals, focusing on estimates of potential costs and the possibility of achieving “negative emissions”.

Recent Findings

Bioethanol is seen as a potential near-term source of negative emissions, with CO2 transport as the main cost limitation. The paper industry is a current source of biogenic CO2, but complex CO2 capture configurations raise costs and limit BECCS potential. Remuneration for stored biogenic CO2 is needed to incentivise BECCS in these sectors. BECCS could also be used for carbon–neutral production of steel, cement, and chemicals, but these will likely require substantial incentives to become cost-competitive. While negative emissions may be possible from all industries considered, the overall CO2 balance is highly sensitive to biomass supply chains. Furthermore, the resource intensity of biomass cultivation and energy production for CO2 capture risks burden-shifting to other environmental impacts.

Research on BECCS-in-industry is limited but growing, and estimates of costs and environmental impacts vary widely. While negative emissions are possible, transparent presentation of assumptions, system boundaries, and results is needed to increase comparability. In particular, the mixing of avoided emissions and physical storage of atmospheric CO2 creates confusion of whether physical negative emissions occur. More attention is needed to the geographic context of BECCS-in-industry outside of Europe, the USA, and Brazil, taking into account local biomass supply chains and CO2 storage siting, and minimise burden-shifting.
Ancient DNA Identification of Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) Remains from the Market Street Chinatown and Some Implications for the Nineteenth-Century Pacific World Fish Trade
Authors: Kennedy J. Ryan , Bingham Brittany , Flores Mary Faith , Kemp Brian M.
Published: October 2021

This study presents the results of ancient DNA analyses of eight snakehead (Channasp.) bones from the Market Street Chinatown, a nineteenth-century Chinese diaspora archaeological site in San Jose, California. The sequences of a short stretch of the mitochondrial DNA identify the Market Street Chinatown snakeheads as Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes), a species native to Southeast Asia. These results provide the first archaeological evidence of the nineteenth-century trade of Asian freshwater fishes to North America, and they reveal that preserved fish products from throughout the Pacific World were readily distributed across the Chinese diaspora. We place our findings within the broader context of nineteenth-century Chinese migration to show how the common Chinese small shareholding business model and access to trade connections facilitated by Chinese-operated import/export firms known asjinshanzhuangallowed Chinese fishers to be successful across the Pacific World. Finally, we suggest avenues for future study by comparing Chinese migration-based, flexible fishing strategies using generalist methods with the highly specialized collection and trade of species like Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Atlantic.
Simulink-based simulation platform design and faults impact analysis of attitude control systems
Authors: Song H. , Hu S.L. , Chen W.Z.
Published: October 2021

The satellite attitude control system (SACS) is a complicated system. In order to reflect the relationship among different components in SACS and analyse the impact of component faults on system performance, a complete simulation platform of the SACS based on Simulink is built in this paper. With the embedding of the specific reaction flywheel, gyroscope and earth sensor model, and the design of the controller based on the quaternion feedback, the simulation platform can not only simulate the real SACS at the component level, but it can also realise the injection of component faults for analysing the system performance. Simulations are conducted to verify the performance of the simulation platform. Simulation results show that this simulation platform has the ability to accurately reflect the control performance of the SACS, and the output accuracy of the component model is high. The research results reveal that this simulation platform can provide model support for verifying the algorithm of fault diagnosis, prediction and tolerant control of the SACS. This simulation platform is easy to use and can be expanded and improved.
DHA/EPA supplementation decreases anxiety-like behaviour, but it does not ameliorate metabolic profile in obese male rats
Authors: Neto João , Jantsch Jeferson , de Oliveira Simone , Braga Matheus Filipe , Castro Luís Felipe dos Santos , Diniz Bruna Ferrary , Moreira José Claudio Fonseca , Giovenardi Marcia , Porawski Marilene , Guedes Renata Padilha
Published: October 2021

Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet (CAF) model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500 mg/kg per d) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus maze test was performed to analyse anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: P = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared with CAF + DHA/EPA, P < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF + DHA/EPA compared with the CAF group (P < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.
Principles of Success: Facilitating Sustainable Transformation through a Progressive Relational Pedagogy
Authors: Caine Jamie , Gilroy Johanne , Greaves Maxine , Madriaga Manuel
Published: October 2021

University staff from African, Asian and other Minoritised Groups (AAMG) are not resigned to the pervasiveness of white supremacy in the corridors, classrooms, and lecture theatres of the academy. This article articulates a self-study, where we employ our own narratives and stories, as leaders, teachers, and students on a race-specific initiative. The work presented here attempts to offer a counter-narrative to the colour-evasive discourse and policymaking throughout the English Higher Education sector that perpetuates deficit perspectives for AAMG students. In addition to this, we propose a ‘Progressive Relational Pedagogy’ that provides a strong foundation for meaningful work across the Higher Education sector. In doing so, we provide a way forward in policy and practice to sustain the cultural richness, heritages, and authenticities of AAMG students. The narrative concludes with pragmatic steps towards enhancing organisational alignment, integration and governance through a race inclusion lens, courtesy of leveraging steps from a Race Inclusion Framework that is underpinned by the LEAD Enterprise Ontology (von Rosing and Laurier, 2015; Caine and von Rosing, 2018).
Models, Conceptual and Predictive: A Response to Johnson’s Models-as-Fables
Authors: Dowding Keith , Lenine Enzo
Published: October 2021

James Johnson argues that formal models are best conceived as fables which provide lessons about empirical phenomena and the “standard rationale” of testing model predictions fails. Without justifying the “standard rationale” as such, we argue that models produce scientific predictions. These predictions come at different levels or granularity of description and in different forms each bearing some degree of uncertainty, but still give conditions for the existence of political phenomena. Models and their predictions require projection onto the world, and that projection involves interpretation. Tests utilize inference to the best explanation, and it is the conceptual or theoretical aspect of models that make them explanatory. We discuss the extent to which our characterisation of models and their explanatory form versus that of Johnson constitutes a verbal or substantive dispute.
Climate Signatures on Lake And Wetland Size Distributions in Arctic Deltas
Authors: Vulis Lawrence , Tejedor Alejandro , Zaliapin Ilya , Rowland Joel C. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi
Published: October 2021

Understanding how thermokarst lakes on arctic river deltas will respond to rapid warming is critical for projecting how carbon storage and fluxes will change in those vulnerable environments. Yet, this understanding is currently limited partly due to the complexity of disentangling significant interannual variability from the longer‐term surface water signatures on the landscape, using the short summertime window of optical spaceborne observations. Here, we rigorously separate perennial lakes from ephemeral wetlands on 12 arctic deltas and report distinct size distributions and climate trends for the two waterbodies. Namely, we find a lognormal distribution for lakes and a power‐law distribution for wetlands, consistent with a simple proportionate growth model and inundated topography, respectively. Furthermore, while no trend with temperature is found for wetlands, a statistically significant decreasing trend of mean lake size with warmer temperatures is found, attributed to colder deltas having deeper and thicker permafrost preserving larger lakes.
European Carbon Uptake has Not Benefited From Vegetation Greening
Authors: Liu Xuebang , He Bin , Guo Lanlan , Huang Ling , Yuan Wenping , Chen Xiuzhi , Hao Xingming , Xie Xiaoming , Zhang Yafeng , Zhong Ziqian , Li Tiewei , Chen Aifang
Published: October 2021

Substantial evidences indicate a widespread increase in European vegetation greenness since the 1980s due to CO2 fertilization effects (eCO2) and climate warming, but the impact of this process on the regional terrestrial carbon cycle has not been systematically evaluated. Using empirical models based on eddy covariance and process‐based models, we found that the widespread greening did not contribute to an increase in European carbon uptake (decrease in net ecosystem exchange) with a non‐significant trend from 2000 to 2018. The greening‐associated increase in gross primary productivity (GPP) is offset by the simultaneous increase in ecosystem respiration (TER). Moreover, frequent heatwaves cause stronger reductions in GPP than TER, preventing the increase of carbon uptake. These results reveal the double‐edged sword effect of warming on European ecosystems and will help constrain regional models.
Ensemble of Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Simulations Near the Aggregated and Scattered Boundary
Authors: Hung Ching‐Shu , Miura Hiroaki
Published: October 2021

An ensemble of 10 radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) simulations near the sharp transition zone between scattered and aggregated states are examined in a square‐domain cloud‐resolving model. Surprisingly, the occurrence of self‐aggregation is not deterministic near the boundary line of the two states, with six runs reaching aggregated states and four runs returning to scattered states. Spatial autocorrelation length analysis reveals that the development of moisture contrast in the boundary layer (BL) is the key indicator for self‐aggregation. To reach aggregated RCE states, a part of the BL needs to be dry and extensive sufficiently to suppress convection triggered by collisions of intruding cold pools. Furthermore, the relation between moisture aggregation and convective organization is elucidated. In a shorter time‐scale, convective organization is governed by cold pool dynamics. Meanwhile, large‐scale moisture determines the region of active convection for time‐scale longer than 2 days.
A Secular Shift of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Its Relation to Western Pacific Ocean Warming
Authors: Huang Yu , Fu Zuntao , Franzke Christian L. E.
Published: October 2021

In the context of global warming, understanding changes in the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is of great importance, because of its worldwide impact on surface weather and climate. By analyzing the temporal evolution of the phase relationship between Kelvin waves and the MJO, we find a secular phase shift of the MJO after year 2000, at which the MJO exhibits an eastward extension over the Maritime Continent and the Western Pacific Ocean. Further, we examine the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) variations on the anomalous convection and Kelvin waves, and demonstrate that the recent warming trend of the Western Pacific SST is a factor causing the changes of the MJO over this region. The results deepen our understanding of recent modeling and observational studies about the changes of the MJO and confirm the enhanced activity of the MJO over the past few decades.
Geodetic Datum Realization Using SLR‐GNSS Co‐Location Onboard Galileo and GLONASS
Authors: Bury G. , Sośnica K. , Zajdel R. , Strugarek D. , Hugentobler U.
Published: October 2021

Modern satellites of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are equipped with laser retroreflector arrays for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). Laser range observations to GNSS satellites allow for the co‐location of two space geodetic techniques onboard navigation satellites. We search for the best network constraining strategy for the SLR and GNSS stations to realize the geodetic datum using combined microwave‐GNSS and SLR‐to‐GNSS measurements. We find that consistent imposing of no‐net‐translation and no‐net‐rotation for the unified GNSS and SLR network provides the best quality of station coordinates and the best common realization of the terrestrial reference frame (TRF). We employ the space ties using solely space geodetic techniques for the SLR and GNSS station coordinates and confront them with the ground‐based measurements, that is, local ties, conducted at the SLR‐GNSS co‐located sites. The common processing of the GNSS and SLR observations allows for the realization of the TRF using space ties that are independent of the a priori coordinates and independent of the errors in local tie measurements. The agreement of space ties with ground measurements is at the level of 1 mm in terms of long‐term mean values for the co‐located station in Zimmerwald, Switzerland. We also revise the approach for handling the SLR range biases which now considers the impact of the SLR observations to GNSS and LAGEOS satellites. The updated SLR range biases improve the agreement between space ties and local ties from 4.4 to 2.4 mm for the co‐located station in Wettzell, Germany.
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in COVID-19
Authors: Kornhuber Johannes , Hoertel Nicolas , Gulbins Erich
Published: October 2021

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) cleaves sphingomyelin into the highly lipophilic ceramide, which forms large gel-like rafts/platforms in the plasma membrane. We showed that SARS-CoV-2 uses these platforms for cell entry. Lowering the amount of ceramide or ceramide blockade due to inhibitors of ASM, genetic downregulation of ASM, anti-ceramide antibodies or degradation by neutral ceramidase protected against infection with SARS-CoV-2. The addition of ceramide restored infection with SARS-CoV-2. Many clinically approved medications functionally inhibit ASM and are called FIASMAs (functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase). The FIASMA fluvoxamine showed beneficial effects on COVID-19 in a randomized prospective study and a prospective open-label real-world study. Retrospective and observational studies showed favorable effects of FIASMA antidepressants including fluoxetine, and the FIASMA hydroxyzine on the course of COVID-19. The ASM/ceramide system provides a framework for a better understanding of the infection of cells by SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of functional inhibitors of ASM. This framework also supports the development of new drugs or the repurposing of “old” drugs against COVID-19.
Phosphatase PHLPP2 regulates the cellular response to metabolic stress through AMPK
Authors: Yan Yan , Krecke Karl N. , Bapat Aditi S. , Yang Tingyuan , Lopresti Michael W. , Mashek Douglas G. , Kelekar Ameeta
Published: October 2021

PHLPP2 is a member of the PHLPP family of phosphatases, known to suppress cell growth by inhibiting proliferation or promoting apoptosis. Oncogenic kinases Akt, S6K, and PKC, and pro-apoptotic kinase Mst1, have been recognized as functional targets of the PHLPP family. However, we observed that, in T-leukemia cells subjected to metabolic stress from glucose limitation, PHLPP2 specifically targets the energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase, pAMPK, rather than Akt or S6K. PHLPP2 dephosphorylates pAMPK in several other human cancer cells as well. PHLPP2 and pAMPK interact with each other, and the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain on PHLPP2 is required for their interaction, for dephosphorylating and inactivating AMPK, and for the apoptotic response of the leukemia cells to glucose limitation. Silencing PHLPP2 protein expression prolongs the survival of leukemia cells subjected to severe glucose limitation by promoting a switch to AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation for energy generation. Thus, this study reveals a novel role for PHLPP2 in suppressing a survival response mediated through AMPK signaling. Given the multiple ways in which PHLPP phosphatases act to oppose survival signaling in cancers and the pivotal role played by AMPK in redox homeostasis via glucose and fatty acid metabolism, the revelation that AMPK is a target of PHLPP2 could lead to better therapeutics directed both at cancer and at metabolic diseases.
A new candidate oncogenic lncRNA derived from pseudogene WFDC21P promotes tumor progression in gastric cancer
Authors: Cui Huaiping , Jiang Zhaoyu , Zeng Shujie , Wu Hao , Zhang Zihao , Guo Xiaobo , Dong Kangdi , Wang Jinshen , Shang Liang , Li Leping
Published: October 2021

As oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the biological behavior of gastric cancer (GC) cells such as proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through various signal pathways. At present, although numerous lncRNAs that significantly influence the development and progression of GC have been identified, a considerable number of them have not been found and studied yet. In this study, we identified a new lncRNA derived from pseudogenes WFDC21P, which have not been reported in any previous GC study. LncRNA WFDC21P was significantly upregulated in GC cells and tissues, and clinically associated with the pathological stages of advanced GC. WFDC21P promoted proliferation and metastasis of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. LncRNA WFDC21P was directly bound to GTPase Ran and it promoted the activity of the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), as a transcription factor of WFDC21P, was directly bound to the promoter region and it positively regulated the transcription of WFDC21P. This finding may provide a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
Customized materials-assisted microorganisms in tumor therapeutics
Authors: Chen Qi-Wen , Qiao Ji-Yan , Liu Xin-Hua , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Xian-Zheng
Published: October 2021

This review provides a comprehensive introduction to microorganisms-based biohybrid systems, namely MAMO, for application in tumor therapeutics.
Recent advances in the exonuclease III-assisted target signal amplification strategy for nucleic acid detection
Authors: Liu Hongyu , You Yuhao , Zhu Youzhuo , Zheng Heng
Published: October 2021

The exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted target cycle amplification strategy could be combined with many different detection technologies and it provides a more versatile platform for the trace detection of DNA.
Excitation wavelength tunable white light emission in vacancy-ordered double perovskite
Authors: Liu Ruxin , Zhang Wenjun , Li Guojing , Liu Wenjing
Published: October 2021

By adjusting the excitation wavelength, different types of white light emission can be obtained of vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs2HfCl6:Sb.
In situ TEM observations of void movement in Ag nanowires affecting the electrical properties under biasing
Authors: Hsueh Yu-Hsiang , Ranjan Ashok , Lyu Lian-Ming , Hsiao Kai-Yuan , Lu Ming-Yen
Published: October 2021

In this study we investigated the electromigration (EM) of metal electrodes and the effect of stacking faults on the EM in Ag nanowires (NWs).
Polymyxin B-modified conjugated oligomer nanoparticle for targeted identification and enhanced photodynamic antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Jiang Qi , Yan Xinrong , Jiao Dan , Zhang Jiangyan , Wu Yonggang , Cheng Yongqiang
Published: October 2021

A photosensitive polymyxin B-modified conjugated oligomer nanoparticle that integrates the targeted identification and synergistic photodynamic therapy in one treatment against resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Solvent-regulated chiral exciton coupling and CPL sign inversion of an amphiphilic glutamide-cyanostilbene
Authors: Ji Lukang , Liu Yiran , Li Zujian , Ouyang Guanghui , Liu Minghua
Published: October 2021

The chiral exciton couplings within a Y-shaped amphiphilic glutamide-cyanostilbene could be significantly biased by solvent polarity and hydration effect, which led to sign inversion of both CD and CPL of its assemblies.
Ferroelectric properties, narrow band gap and ultra-large reversible entropy change in a novel nonlinear ionic chromium(vi) compound
Authors: Han Ding-Chong , Gong Zhi-Xiang , Song Ning , Tan Yu-Hui , Li Yu-Kong , Tang Yun-Zhi , Du Peng-Kang , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2021

A novel nonlinear chromium(vi) compound, [(CH3CH2)3N(CH2Cl)][CrO3Cl], undergoes a high-temperature phase transition with a moderate ferroelectric polarization of 0.48 μC cm−2, a remarkable CD signal, a giant entropy change and a narrow band gap of 2.22 eV.
Nanomicelle-enhanced, asymmetric ERED-catalyzed reductions of activated olefins. Applications to 1-pot chemo- and bio-catalysis sequences in water
Authors: Akporji Nnamdi , Singhania Vani , Dussart-Gautheret Jade , Gallou Fabrice , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: October 2021

Bio-catalytic reactions involving ene-reductases (EREDs) in tandem with chemo-catalysis in water can be greatly enhanced by the presence of nanomicelles derived from the surfactant TPGS-750-M.
Effects of shear flow on the structure and dynamics of ionic liquids in a metallic nanoconfinement
Authors: Ntim Samuel , Sulpizi Marialore
Published: October 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations of [BMIM][BF4] under shear flow in metallic nano-confinement.
Trajectory surface hopping molecular dynamics simulations for retinal protonated Schiff-base photoisomerization
Authors: Liu Yuxiu , Zhu Chaoyuan
Published: October 2021

A global-switching trajectory surface hopping method on TDDFT potential energy surfaces has been used to simulate complex conical intersection networks and to predict photoproduct quantum yield distributions for a real RPSB system.
Narrowband ultraviolet-B persistent luminescence from (Y,Gd)3Ga5O12:Bi3+phosphors for optical tagging application
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Liang Yanjie , Yan Shao , Chen Dongxun , Miao Shihai , Wang Weili
Published: October 2021

NB-UVB persistent luminescence of Gd3+by utilizing persistent energy transfer from Bi3+to Gd3+has been realized in (Y,Gd)3Ga5O12:Bi3+garnets. The NB-UVB afterglow signal can be clearly monitored and imaged by using an UVB camera in a bright environment.
Cobalt–molybdenum synergistic catalysis for the hydrogenolysis of terephthalate-based polyesters
Authors: Wu Pengyu , Lu Guoping , Cai Chun
Published: October 2021

Recyclable bimetallic catalyst CoMo@NC was prepared and efficiently catalyzed the hydrogenolysis of polymer plastics through the Co–Mo synergistic catalysis strategy.
A microfluidic-enabled combinatorial formulation and integrated inkjet printing platform for evaluating functionally graded material blends
Authors: Roy Anindya Lal , Chiu Hsi Nien , Walus Konrad
Published: October 2021

A novel combinatorial thin film material formulation and deposition platform integrating microfluidic processing and drop-on-demand inkjet patterning capabilities.
Fluid actuation and buoyancy driven oscillation by enzyme-immobilized microfluidic microcapsules
Authors: Varshney Rohit , Gill Arshdeep Kaur , Alam Mujeeb , Agashe Chinmayee , Patra Debabrata
Published: October 2021

To mimic the life-like complex behavior of microorganisms, enzyme-immobilized microfluidic microcapsules were fabricated to demonstrate the enzyme powered fluid actuation and buoyancy driven motility.
Early biomineralizing chitosan–collagen hybrid scaffold with Cissus quadrangularis extract for regenerative bone tissue engineering
Authors: Nair Praseetha R. , Sreeja S. , Sailaja G. S.
Published: October 2021

This study demonstrates the strategic fabrication of CQ hexane extract integrated porous, biodegradable CH–CO–HE scaffold crosslinked with biocompatible glyoxal enabling sufficient mechanical stability and assists early biomineralization (day 7).
Two-dimensional layered type-II MS2/BiOCl (M = Zr, Hf) van der Waals heterostructures: promising photocatalysts for hydrogen generation
Authors: Opoku Francis , Akoto Osei , Oppong Samuel Osei-Bonsu , Adimado Anthony Apeke
Published: October 2021

Our theoretical findings reveal that in-plane biaxial strain tunes the bandgap and induces a transition from indirect to direct semiconductor.
Polyoxotungstate-based nanocomposite films with multi-color change and high volumetric capacitance toward electrochromic energy-storage applications
Authors: Chu Dongxue , Qu Xiaoshu , Zhang Shangfei , Zhang Jianrong , Yang Yanyan , An Wenjia
Published: October 2021

A facile fabrication strategy is proposed to construct a POMs-based nanocomposite film. It realizes multi-color transition during charging and discharging process, thereby links electrochromic behavior with energy storage performance.
Silicon-hybrid carbon dots derived from rice husk: promising fluorescent probes for trivalent rare earth element ions in aqueous media
Authors: Chu Xu , Cao Yan
Published: October 2021

As a novel fluorescence probe, Si–CDs could not only be applied to distinguish four groups of different rare earth element ions (REEs) but also exhibit a rapid and sensitive response towards individual Tb3+,Eu3+ and Dy3+.