bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English Language Teachers’ Understanding of Project-Based Learning
Authors: Bhandari Bhim Lal
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to explore the English language teachers’ understanding of Project-Based Learning (PBL). It was carried out within the theoretical framework of social constructivism. I used narrative inquiry as a research method. I selected two English language teachers purposively as the participants for the study from two community schools of Rupandehi. I used in-depth interview as a major technique for the required information. The study revealed that the English language teachers had good understanding and positive views towards PBL. Moreover, it maximizes learning opportunities of students addressing mixed-ability learners, developing high level of confidence, critical thinking and social skills along with increased interaction. However, poor educational background of the students, lack of resourceful, skilled and professional teachers, lack of professional training and collaborative culture among them had been realized as challenges for effective implementation of PBL. This study may contribute to the quality improvement of the teachers and students providing some knowledge and insights for developing project-based learning such as developing students’ life skills, communication skills, self-confidence, collective responsibility through collaboration and authentic meaningful language use.
A Study of Bacterial Disease among the Suspected Cases of Lumbini Provincial Hospital, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Maya
Published: May 2022

The bacterial disease is a major health problem in Nepal. This study has been done in the Lumbini provincial hospital from January 2021 to June 2021. In a study of bacterial disease among the suspected cases of Lumbini provincial hospital, four types of bacterial diseases were found; TB, pneumonia, leprosy, and meningitis. Among the four diseases, the cases of TB and pneumonia are found higher than that of leprosy and meningitis. The highest cases of TB i.e., 2.5% show in between the age group of 20-30 and 40-50 years of age. The highest cases of pneumonia show in between the age group of 0-10 years i.e., 5.75%. The highest cases of leprosy were found in above 70 years of age group i.e., 2.25% and that of meningitis were found in between the age group of 40-50 years of age i.e., 1%.
Estimating the reduction in HVAC load in multipurpose hall with the use of earth air tunnel heat exchanger (at Kathmandu University)
Authors: Gautam Bibek , Bhattarai Basanta , Bastakoti Niranjan , Baral Bivek
Published: May 2022

Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) is a renewable form of Air Conditioning system applicable for both heating and cooling purposes with the utilization of Earth’s undisturbed temperature. The Multi-purpose hall located in Dhulikhel, Kavre has a warm and humid climate. The total cooling requirement for the hall is estimated to be 763.6 kW and the corresponding ventilation requirement is 6.03 m3/s (6.97kg/s at 32°C/55% RH). The Earth Air Tunnel is designed for pre-conditioning the ventilated air only. Considering the optimum length of 75m, the designed earth air tunnel has 10 units parallel tube of 75 m length, 400 mm diameter, and flow velocity of 4.8 m/s. The tunnel produces the cooling effect of 132 kW when the inlet and outlet temperatures are 32°C (55% RH) and 19°C (100% RH) respectively. Cooling during humid climate the output air has higher chances to be saturated and even condenses in the tube underground. Dehumidifying the air before entering the EAT can solve this problem and thus enhance the cooling effect during the humid season to some extent. With the assumed 1000 hours per year of operation, the estimated payback time at the rate of 4% per annum (assumed subsidized case) will be 15 years. Earth Air Tunnel must be given greater care for the hot and humid zone because the cost of Earth Air Tunnel will be very high in comparison to the heat pump and also the tunnel does not guarantee to give the intended performance throughout the year which does not seem to make the project feasible for the University hall.
Kinetics of suspended solids removal in tube settler
Authors: Lekhak Basant , Amatya Iswar Man
Published: May 2022

Water treatment plant plays a principal role for the purification and supplying of the potable water. Several modifications were made in the conventional sedimentation tank to improve its efficiency as a results of which concept of tube settler was developed. Tube settler is commonly used due to less detention time of about less than 15 minutes. The present study is aimed to highlight the performance of tube settler unit. The tube settler installed in the Siddhipur Water Treatment Plant (SWTP) was selected and detailed study was conducted. The kinetics of suspended solids removal was obtained from the turbidity removal mechanism at various flow rates. Evaluation of tube settler was conducted for three discharges viz., 7, 8.5 and 10 litre per seconds (lps). Removal efficiency of tube settler was evaluated by measuring the turbidity at various turbidity ranges and flows. For influent turbidity of 4 – 93, 4 – 97 and 2 – 89 NTU, the effluent turbidity was found to be 2 – 41, 2 -49 and 1 - 45 NTU at 7 lps, 8.5 lps and 10 lps respectively. The average turbidity removed at 7 lps, 8.5 lps and 10 lps were found to be 17.1769 NTU (48.482% of influent turbidity), 15.57 NTU (47.097% of influent turbidity) and 14.85 NTU (45.348% of influent turbidity) respectively. Increasing the flow rate from 7 lps to 10 lps decrease the removal efficiency from 48.482 to 45.348 %. This indicates the effectiveness of the tube settler. The maximum effluent turbidity of tube settler was found more than WHO and NWDQS guidelines, however, the slow sand filter installed operated after the removal of turbidity by the tube settler brought the effluent turbidity within the limit i.e., 5 NTU. Also the results indicated that, in the suspended solids removal mechanism of tube settler in terms of average efficiency of turbidity removal it was found to be more for low flow rates and low for high flow rates, however, their effectiveness in removing suspended solid concentration at any flow rates is uncompromised.
Impunity and the Marginalization of Women in Nepal: A Socio-cultural Perspective
Authors: Yadav Prabhu
Published: May 2022

The condition of Nepalese women is as adverse as the plight of Nature which is treated by people for their own vested interest. The thinking of people around the world is different from the aesthetic beauty of women as well as Nature. However, we can't expect a world without women or nature. To conserve the integrity and sovereignty of Nature and women is a big problem today. It is the responsibility of the government to preserve women's dignity in society. A rich and prosperous society can't be positively imagined unless men show respect and regard for the empowerment of women.
Comparison of Glycine Versus Sterile Water Use in Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Bhatta Pashupati Nath , Yadav Umesh Kumar , Raya Akash , Yadav Aditya Prakash , Karki Rishi Kumar
Published: May 2022

Introduction
All endoscopic surgery in urology needs irrigant fluid for clear visibility and to wash out the blood and debris. Glycine 1.5% is widely accepted but sterile water is cheaper and easily available. All types of irrigants are responsible to cause electrolyte disturbance to different degrees. In our study, we compare the glycine 1.5% with sterile water as irrigant fluid. 
Materials and Methods
In this prospective observational study, 64 patients were included with 31 patients in the sterile group and 33 patients in the Glycine group. Hemoglobin, sodium, potassium was analyzed postoperatively after 6 hours. Weight of prostate, resection volume, the volume of fluid, and resection time was calculated.
Results
 There were changes in the parameter of hemoglobin and sodium but were not statically significant whereas the change in potassium was statically significant in both groups.
Conclusion
Sterile water is a safe inexpensive and easily available fluid for TURP as compared to glycine 1.5%. The study did not show any significant difference in using both fluids our sample size was small so needs a similar study with a large sample size to confirm the observation.
Comparative Study of Ondansetron and Granisetron for Preventing Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Pradhan Suresh , Dhakal Santosh
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Post-operative nausea and vomiting are commonly experienced unpleasant complications of general anesthesia following laparoscopic surgeries. The study was undertaken to compare the antiemetic efficacy of two different 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists, ondansetron and granisetron when given prophylactically to patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.

Methods

A prospective, double-blind study, was conducted in 60 patients aged 20-60 years ASA-PS I/II, weighing 40-80 kgs, undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (Ondansetron 4mg intravenously) and Group B (Granisetron 2mg intravenously) with 30 patients in each group. Both the drugs were diluted in normal saline to 10 ml and were given at the end of surgery before the reversal of the neuromuscular blockade. Episodes of nausea and vomiting were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-operatively. Collected data was applied with the appropriate test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Incidence of PONV was greater in Ondansetron group (53.33%) compared to Granisetron group (23.33%) (p=0.02). Demographic data were comparable in both groups (p>0.05). The episodes of retching and vomiting at different intervals were found to be higher in the ondansetron group. However, it was statistically insignificant. The use of rescue anti-emetics was greater in group A (13.33%) compared to group B (3.33%) but the finding was insignificant statistically (p=0.16).

 Conclusion

The incidence of PONV was significantly high in the Ondansetron group than in the Granisetron group when given prophylactically in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy For Dyspepsia
Authors: Bhattarai Subash , Dhungana Durga , Regmi Sudeep
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Helicobacter pylori is associated with the pathogenicity of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions, ulcers, and gastric cancers. The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy for dyspepsia in the Nepalese population.
Methods:
A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted among patients presenting with dyspepsia. Each study patient underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy followed by a rapid urease test or histopathology from the biopsy sample for H. pylori detection. Data analysis was done by SPSS 20.
Results:
The mean age of the patients was 43±11.65 years (M: F=1.4:1) with male predominance. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 53.2% among the dyspeptic patients undergoing UGI endoscopy. The H. pylori infection was significantly associated with gastritis, duodenitis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer (p <0.05).
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates a high prevalence of H. pylori among patients undergoing UGI endoscopy for dyspepsia.
Comparative Study of Reduction of Shoulder Dislocation with or without Hematoma Block
Authors: Ranjeet Niraj , Thapa Pabin , Onta Pratyenta Raj , Sapkota Krishna , Thapa Upendra Jung
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Shoulder dislocations are considered one of the most common joint dislocations. These dislocations are often associated with other injuries. Most of these reductions are done in the emergency department but some may require sedation or general anesthesia. The ideal method should be easy, simple, rapid, painless, effective, atraumatic, and should cause no additional injury to the shoulder joint, nerves, vessels, or musculoskeletal structures.
Methods: Fifty-four patients with anterior shoulder dislocation were divided into 2 groups and reduction was done with or without hematoma block. Patients between 18 and 75 and dislocations within 24 hours were enrolled in the study. Spaso method was used to reduce dislocation in all the patients. Demographic data, dislocation side, dominant side, cause of injury, number of dislocations, pre-and post-reduction neurovascular examination findings, reduction time, duration of stay in the emergency department, the presence of a tuberculum majus fracture, and any complications during the pre-and post-reduction period were recorded for all patients
Results: Age and gender distributions of patients were similar between both the methods. The majority of the patients were right-handed, and dislocation was in the dominant arm in 74.07 % of patients. The side, number of dislocations, cause of dislocation, presence of tuberculum majus fracture, pre-reduction neurological status, and the success of reduction were similar among both the groups. VAS score was better among the group with the hematoma block though not significant.
Conclusion: We suggest that the hematoma block is an effective method to reduce the pain in the treatment of anterior shoulder dislocations as they facilitate pain reduction, muscle relaxation, co-operation from the patient, thus, increasing the success rate and comfort of the patient.
Research Paper Writing: An Obligatory Criteria for Promotion in Medical Colleges
Authors: Gauchan Eva
Published: May 2022

N/A
Correlation between Anatomical Variations of Lower Pelvicalyceal System and Isolated Lower Pole Calculus Formation Compared with Non-stone Bearing Contralateral Kidney: Case Control Study
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Lalchan Subita , KC Subash , Gyawali Merina , Poudel Aseem , Kushwaha Niraj
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Renal calculus is one of the common problems frequently encountered in clinical practice. Various factors play an important role in its formation.This study was done to find out the anatomical variations of the lower pole of the kidney bearing the calculus and compared it with the calculus-free contralateral kidney.

Method: Patients with isolated lower pole calculus undergoing computed tomography urography and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis were included in the study. Infundibuloureteropelvic angle, infundibulocalyceal length, and infundibular width of the lower calyx of the stone-bearing kidney were measured and compared with the contralateral stone-free kidney.

Result: A total of 37 patients were included for statistical analysis. The age of the patients ranged from 22 to 84 years with a mean age of 41.9±17.9 years. Infundibulocalyceal length (ICL) of the calculus-bearing kidney was significantly longer than the calculus-free kidney. Infundibuloureteropelvic angle (IUPA) of the calculus-bearing kidney was significantly more acute than a calculus-free kidney. There was no significant difference in infundibular width between the calculus bearing and calculus free kidney

Conclusion: IUPA and ICL are significantly associated with lower pole calculus.
Study of the Feto-Maternal Outcomes at Late-Term Pregnancy in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Western Nepal
Authors: Gurung Sangeeta Devi , Shrestha Junu , Gauchan Eva , Subedi Anjali , Shrestha Aashika
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The incidence of prolonged pregnancy is 7%. There is an increased risk to the fetus after 41 weeks of gestation due to a decrease in placental function, oligohydramnios, and meconium aspiration. The risk to the mother also increases leading to an increased incidence of cervical tear, perineal injury, labour dystocia, operative deliveries, and postpartum hemorrhage.

Method: This was an observational, prospective cross-sectional study. A hundred and eleven women at and beyond 41 weeks of gestation fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. Data entry and analysis were done using the latest SPSS software version 21 Fisher exact test was used and were depicted in tables, diagrams and charts as required.

Result: Majority of the women had cesarean section 62.2% (n=69), 33.7% (n=37) delivered vaginally and 4.5% (n=5) had assisted vaginal delivery. The most common indication for cesarean section was meconium-stained liquor (20.3%, n=14). Only one woman had postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), one had retained placenta and one had pre-eclampsia. Altogether 10.8% (n=12) neonates needed admission. The adverse fetomaternal outcomes were similar in 41-41 6/7 weeks and completed 42 weeks and beyond the gestational age (p=0.64).

Conclusion: Late-term pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of cesarean section. However, there was no statistical difference in the feto-maternal outcome at 41-41 6/7 weeks and 42 and beyond weeks of gestation.
Stress and Coping Strategies among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Clinic of a Teaching Hospital in eastern Nepal
Authors: Tripathi Pratikshya , Devkota Ganesh
Published: May 2022

Aim: To find out the stress and coping strategies among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used for the study. The sample was taken from an antenatal outpatient department of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 300 pregnant women was selected by using non- probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected by using standard tool, Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and Brief Cope. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study revealed that 40.7% of the respondents experienced a high level of stress and 84.0% of respondents had used adequate coping strategies where “self- distraction” was the most used coping strategy by the respondents with a mean score (2.99±.56). Stress and coping strategies had positive mild correlation (r=0.040).
Conclusions: More than one-third of the respondents had experienced a high -level stress and the majority of the respondents had used adaptive coping strategies. The different methods of coping strategies during pregnancy should be expanded as per the best available evidence to lower stress and other adverse outcomes of stress.
Keywords: Brief cope, coping strategies, pregnancy stress rating scale, stress
Review of Perinatal Deaths in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Singh Rajshree , Thakur Rahul Kumar , Manandhar Reeta , Khatri Ratna , Thapa Moon , Shrestha Bikash
Published: May 2022

Aims: Perinatal mortality is a public health problem especially in developing countries like Nepal. This study is an attempt to assert the perinatal mortality status for the year 2016/2017 A.D. of Shree Birendra Hospital, a tertiary hospital. This study becomes imperative to comprehend the various shortcomings in the maternal and child health care, so as to remedy them effectively.
Methods: This is a hospital record-based study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, a tertiary care facility of the Nepal Army. The record of all perinatal death from 13th April 2016 to 12th April 2017 was reviewed.
Results: Out of 1051 total births, there were 12 perinatal deaths with perinatal mortality rate of 11.42 per thousand births. Perinatal death was more prevalent in the age group 20-25 (58.33%), multiparous female (60%), period of gestation between 35-40 weeks (58.34%), male gender of baby (66.67%) but equal number of deaths was seen in both vaginal delivery and emergency LSCS. According to the Wigglesworth pathophysiological classification to classify perinatal deaths, conditions specific to neonate (33.3%) constituted as a significant cause perinatal death followed by stillbirths or neonatal deaths with congenital anomalies (25%) and conditions associated with prematurity (25%).
Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis contributed to the major burden of perinatal mortality. Keeping detailed medical records, screening for Group B streptococcus in the third trimester, and using clinical autopsy can further strengthen obstetric and neonatal care.
Keywords: early neonatal mortality rate, perinatal mortality, stillbirth
Safety and efficacy of misoprostol versus manual vacuum aspiration in missed abortion up to 12 weeks
Authors: Swati Badgire , Sonali Deshpande , Shrinivas Gadappa , Mohini Patil
Published: May 2022

Aims: To compare the safety and efficacy of Misoprostol versus manual vacuum aspiration in missed abortion up to 12 weeks.
Methods: This is comparative study where Misoprostol 800 μg was administered sublingually four hourly till expulsion of products or maximum of three doses in one group and 400 μg misoprostol followed by manual vacuum aspiration 4 hours later was done under local anaesthesia in another group from October 2019 to March 2020 at Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Unpaired t-test and Chi squared test were performed with alpha-error set at 0.05.
Results: The success rate in Misoprostol group was 88 % and in the MVA group, it was 98%. Mean duration of hospital stay in Misoprostol group was 2.46±1.18 days and in MVA group was 1.55 ± 1.52 days (p= 0.3). Mean induction abortion interval in Misoprostol group was 8.125±3.29 and 4.46±0.44 hours in MVA group (p=0.000). One woman from MVA group had perforation of uterus which could be attributed to previous LSCS with tight os.
Conclusion: Single dose of Misoprostol followed by manual vacuum aspiration is better than the multiple dosage of Misoprostol for the treatment of first trimester missed abortion in terms of duration of treatment but not for the individual success rate. Hospital stay is similar.
Keywords: manual vaccum aspiration, misoprostol, missed abortion
Effect of cardiotocographic monitoring prior to induction of labor
Authors: Singh Sabita , Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2022

Aim: To assess the role of intermittent cardiotocographic monitoring of induction of labor while using misoprostol in pregnancy of 41 weeks or more.
Methods: This is hospital based descriptive study conducted from December 2017 to March 2018. CTG was done before each transvaginal administration of misoprostol in 113 primigravida patients at Paropakar Maternity Women’s Hospital in Kathmandu. Variables studied were indications of induction, mode of delivery, Apgar score and neonatal admissions.
Results: 11.5% of CTGs were non-reassuring who underwent Cesarean Section and had significantly low Apgar at 1 minute but only 46% of neonates required resuscitation. Liquor was thick meconium in 61.5% of non-reassuring CTGs. Total twelve (10.6%) of neonate needed resuscitation of which six (6%) neonate in reassuring CTG where as 46.1% of neonate needed resuscitation in non-reassuring. NICU admission rate was 7.96% in total and 33.3% of neonate with non-reassuring CTG who needed resuscitation. However there was no neonatal mortality during this period.
Conclusions: Intrapartum cardiotocography can prevent fetal compromise early.
Keywords: Apgar score, caesarean section, cardiotocography, induction, resuscitation
Deeply Located Cul-de-sac Uterine Leiomyoma Resulting in Severe Pelvic Pain
Authors: Agrawal Ajay , Kuan-Gen Huang
Published: May 2022

A Cul-de sac FIGO Type 7 uterine myoma presenting with severe pelvic pain removed laparoscopically without significant blood loss and discharged on second day without complication. On follow up in one month she was free from pain. Though the location of uterine myoma can be unwieldy, laparoscopic myomectomy is feasible with patience and proper technique to give benefits of minimal invasive surgery to the patient.
Keywords: laparoscopy, Myomectomy, Uterine Myoma
Choosing Research Title
Authors: Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2022

Biomedical research title should represent the main idea or message of research content and catchy to the readers. The main idea would be the purpose, finding and method of research, and there should be searchable keywords within it. Catchy title in simple words or phrase creates interest to the readers, can be easily remembered and communicated to all. Shortest possible length of title disregarding syntaxes is a good title and should always follow the instruction from the academic authority.
Pregnancy Outcome in Early versus Late Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Shrestha Junu , Subedi Anjali , Gauchan Eva , Shrestha Aashika , Pandey Chandani
Published: May 2022

Aims: To determine the pregnancy outcome of early and late onset preeclampsia.
Methods:  This was a cross sectional analytical study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Teaching Hospital from July to October 2021. All cases of preeclampsia diagnosed according to International Society of Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy 2018, were included. Early and late onset preeclampsia cut-off used was 34 weeks. Preeclampsia diagnosed before 34 were classified as early onset and after 34 weeks as late onset preeclampsia. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.
Results: The prevalence of early onset and late onset preeclampsia were 4.3% and 8.3% of all deliveries. Early to late onset preeclampsia were 1:2. Renal involvement, placental abruption, IUGR, low birth weight, low Apgar and perinatal morbidity were significantly more in early onset; pre-term labor  and use of MgSO4 and antihypertensives were also more in early onset.
Conclusion: Late onset preeclampsia was more common than early onset preeclampsia but the maternal and perinatal outcome were poor for early onset as compared to late onset preeclampsia.
Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified: a case series
Authors: Sankaralingappa Sunitha , Patra Sanjiban , Trivedi Priti
Published: May 2022

Case series of Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor Not Otherwise Specified is being reported in a child and two post-menopausal females. Hormonal symptoms were present in all of them. Two of three had malignant potential. The clinical presentation and histopathologic features and treatment of this extremely rare variety of sex cord stromal tumor has been discussed.
Unusual occurrence of tuberculosis in mature cystic teratoma
Authors: Pariyar Sanjib , Karki Shovana
Published: May 2022

Mature cystic teratoma is a common benign germ cell tumor of ovary. Unusual presentation can be seen in mature cystic teratoma like struma ovarii, carcinoid tumor, and malignant transformation. Detection of tuberculosis in mature cystic teratoma is uncommon. Here, a 57-years-female who presented with abdominal mass and pain abdomen who had tuberculosis in mature cystic teratoma
Transit of Sun Across Constellation Sagittarius and Variation of Secondary Gamma Radiation Flux in January, 2021 at Udaipur, India
Authors: Purohit Prajesh , Pareek Devendra
Published: May 2022

We experimentally observed the variation of secondary gamma radiation flux (SGR) at Udaipur (27° 43’ 12.00” N, 75° 28’ 48.01” E), Rajasthan, India during transit of Sun across constellation Sagittarius in month of January, 2021. In this experimental study we used ground based NaI (Tl) Scintillation detector. Cadences of data were collected at interval of half an hour. The data files were stored in computer for half hour duration around time 17.00 IST to 17.30 IST on January 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17 and 18. The objective in this study is to observe secondary gamma radiation flux during transit of the Sun across the constellation Sagittarius. Analyzed data reveal significant variation of secondary gamma radiation flux (SGR). We interpret such variation of SGR flux counts on the basis of combine gravitational lensing effect due to Sun and Sagittarius constellation on background radiation, gravitational pull effect by constellation and sun on background radiation and radiation from constellation Sagittarius.
Euphorbia hirta L. a new host record of Oidium species from Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Mahesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Euphorbia hirta L. which was found parasitized by the Oidium species (imperfect stage of Erysiphales), on the leaves, is considered as a new host record for the fungus. It was collected in the promises of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Nepal. The description of the fungus and distribution is provided here with.
Challenges of Anti-Corruption and Its Impact on the Society
Authors: Kharel Aswasthama Bhakta
Published: May 2022

Corruption needs to be prevented and tackled not only because of its foul but also economically causes financial losses to the state and is a violation of the rights of the social and economic community. This paper is based on the growing need to eradicate corruption in society. The forms and causes of corruption, how to combat it, and what are the challenges to eradicating corruption are issues that are on the increase on national, regional, and international agendas. Transparency International Nepal, The United Nations Convention against Corruption, Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA), Nepal, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, U4 – Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI), the United Nations Declaration against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial Transactions, and the International Code of Conduct for Public Officials are living testimonies. These calls to eradicate corruption present puzzles that scholarly investigations need to take the lead role and center stage in unraveling. This scenario reveals and demands both theoretical and practical discourse, understanding the concept of e-Government, its necessities, and challenges to implementing it.
Teacher's Perceptions towards Teaching Learning Practice at COVID Pandemic in Community School Nepal
Authors: Baraily Khagendra , Sherpa Dawa , Basnet Hom Bahadur
Published: May 2022

This study employs the teaching learning practice adopted by student and teacher in the community school of rural areas in pandemic period. The world battle against corona virus disturbances every academic movement of institution. This study aims to dig out the student and teacher experiences from the community school and explore the perception about learning environment along with student connection indoor launched by the community school. In the philosophical standpoint, subjective reality is ontological stand and multiple realities are epistemological platform. Regarding to research design, hermeneutics phenomenology was chosen as qualitative approach. Purposively four teachers from community school were participated from Morag district, province no.1. The result showed that there is no effective means of learning mechanism in pandemic period. Most of the student's activity is deviated from the line of education because of various factors such as economy, family support, internet disturbance, and attitudinal barrier. The student's behavior was found to be beyond of education environment. The stakeholders of child education are found to be careless. Some of the community school in urban areas conducted their academic activity via internet but not sufficient. School in the rural areas completely stopped their activities due to various reasons. The rural municipality and school could not collaborate for running academic program. The students were not benefitted by education in the pandemic situation.
Perbandingan Konstitusi Negara Indonesia Dan Rusia
Authors: Rafiqi Ilham Dwi
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the state constitutions of Indonesia and Russia, particularly in relation to state institutions, separation of powers, and institutions for interpreting the constitution. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach and a comparative approach. The results of the study show that in terms of institutions, Indonesia and Russia both adhere to the trias politica separation. However, in terms of the government system, there are differences, if Indonesia adheres to a purely presidential system of government, the Russian Federation adheres to semi-presidential. As for the institutions of interpreting the constitution, there are also similarities and differences. Similarities such as being an interpreter of the constitution, being a dispute resolution institution for state institutions to providing opinions on impeachment. The difference is that if the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia has the authority to decide on the dissolution of political parties and disputes regarding the results of the general election, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation does not have that authority. On the other hand, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation does not have the authority, for example, to receive complaints about violations of constitutional rights, to decide on the constitutionality of agreements between Russian state government agencies, and to decide on the normative actions of Russian state officials.
Suitability of Reusing the Spent Diatomaceous Earth in Brick Production: A Review
Authors: Nanayakkara Rumesh , Gunathilake Chamila , Dassanayake Rohan
Published: May 2022

Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is commonly used as a filter material in the brewery industry. Spent Diatomaceous Earth (SDE) is an industrial waste generated after filling DE pores with impurities from brewing industries during filtration. After the final filtering process, this SDE is disposed into dumping areas, causing numerous environmental concerns. SDE has been recently reported as a substitute for clay in brick production. Incorporating SDE with clay in brick production can reduce the amount of clay added to the brick and the SDE waste discharged into the environment. However, only limited literature is available on SDE utilization in brick production. This paper reviews the recent research on reusing SDE in brick production. Moreover, the manufacturing process of bricks, including essential chemical reactions accompanying the firing of brick, properties of SDE and clay, factors maintained in brick, and affecting the quality of brick, have also been discussed in this review.
Barriers to Teacher Diversity in a Predominantly White District
Authors: Sulsky Justin
Published: May 2022

This case study explains factors that prevented a predominately White suburban district from diversifying its teaching staff despite the stated desire of administrators to provide more diverse teachers for the district’s students. The researcher interviewed three central office administrators, five district curriculum directors, and four principals in the school district and reviewed hiring documents. Interviews revealed that administrators may have incorrectly perceived culturally diverse candidates as not interested in teaching in the case district. Some administrators said that they were unable to identify which applicants were from diverse backgrounds, and the district’s favoring of individuals already tied to the district professionally or personally might inhibit culturally different candidates from teaching in the case district. Findings should compel practitioners and policymakers to ensure that teacher hiring is more equitable by being reflective about practices that may inhibit teacher diversity. Districts should consider leveraging technology to increase the number of candidates screened by offering interview opportunities to a larger and broader population, partnering with districts with different demographics, and increasing recruitment from colleges and universities that serve culturally diverse teacher candidates. Researchers should study the experiences of culturally diverse candidates applying to predominately White school districts to report on their perspectives.
Remembering Rawls
Authors: Sandel Michael J.
Published: May 2022

A few days after the death of John Rawls in 2002, Michael Sandel published this tribute to the author of A Theory of Justice. In particular, he reminds us that Rawls revived political theory by showing that it was possible to argue rationally about justice, rights, and political obligation. According to Rawls’s liberal egalitarianism rights cannot be based on utilitarian principles. This break point inspired a new generation to take up classic questions of morality and politics.
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMATION OF READINESS OF SAMBO WRESTLERS OF THE MASTERS CATEGORY FOR COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Khatsaiuk О. V. , Vysochan L. M. , Syvokhop E. M. , Semal N. V. , Drahunov D. M.
Published: May 2022

According to the results of a number of theoretical and empirical studies on the outlined issues, members of the research group found, that the question of determining the essential characteristics and structure of the formation of the readiness of athletes of the "Masters" category, who specialize in the fight against Sambo for competitive activities in the system of their long-term training – insufficient number of scientific and methodical works is devoted. This requires further research and is currently an important area of scientific research. The main purpose of the study is to determine the nature and structure of the formation of readiness of Sambo wrestlers of the "Masters" category for competitive activities in the system of their long-term training. During the theoretical research the following methods were used: axiomatic, idealizations, historical and logical, convergence from the concrete, formalization, etc. In addition, the experience of many years of training of fighters of different age groups (weight categories) was used. As a result of theoretical research, the members of the research group determined the essential characteristics of "readiness of Sambo wrestlers of the" Masters "category for competitive activities" – personal education which is formed by purposeful pedagogical influence (taking into account modern achievements in the field of physical education of various groups of the population, Olympic and professional sports, etc.) for the formation of Sambo wrestlers of older age groups (Masters) readiness to raise the prestige of Ukrainian sports in the international arena, conducting competitive activities in various extreme conditions (climatic and geographical features, psychological impact on the minds of fans, political motives, well-being, exacerbation of chronic diseases, injuries, etc.) and provides a combination of knowledge about the content characteristics of training and competitive activities, as well as the requirements of these activities to the level of established professional competencies (technical preparedness, tactical preparedness, psychological readiness, knowledge of the basics of pharmacology, general physical readiness, special physical readiness, etc.) with the opportunities and needs formed and realized by him in the process of development. The results of the theoretical study are implemented in the system of long-term training of athletes of older age groups (Masters) who specialize in Sambo. Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include the development of an experimental program of long-term training of Sambo wrestlers in the "Masters" category, taking into account modern advances in science, technology, medicine and more.
Necessities and motivations to motive activity as psychophysiology factors of fitness and recreation
Authors: Vykhliaiev Yurii , Paryshkura Yuliia , Tomych L. M.
Published: May 2022

Becoming of necessities and motivational trains and excitations to motive activity is sufficiently difficult, this problem numerous researches of scientists are sanctified to, but only way of decision it is not found. Undertaken studies of both reasons of origin of necessities to motive activity and types of aspirations and motivations depending on sex, age, line of business, bodily and somatic condition of man. In this time, necessities and мотivation not always go across in an action, id est engaging in a fitness or recreation that compels to be thoughtful above psychophysiology reasons of such phenomenon. Motivation is examined as a factor (mechanism) that determines behavior. A necessity, outgrowing in motivation, activates CNS and other systems of organism to the action. But this chart operates mainly at the achievement of base necessities, at implementation of public necessities, in particular necessities to motive in an action activity, algorithm of her pleasure a few another and yet studied not enough. Necessities and motivations to motive activity coexist with the necessities of entertainments and pleasures, additional "superfluous" rest (especially in declining years) that induces an individual to different, mutually exclusive styles of behavior - repressing hypodynamia or going in for sports and types of motive activity. Between these psychophysiology factors there is a "dispute". Unfortunately the necessity of engaging in motive activity does not behave to the most essential social necessities, for example, a necessity to work and earn material bonuses is more important, so both she satisfies majority as biological and social necessities, that is why motivation to motive activity loses often. Except it, to make time for employments it is necessary to give up many pleasures, entertainments and additional rest, that is why creation of motivation that resists to all obstacles is the most urgent task of bringing in of people to the fitness and recreation.
"The relevance of strategic planning for the development of physical education and physical activity of children and youth (UNESCO international initiatives")
Authors: Gnes N. , Tsybanyuk O. , Tsyba Y. , Moldovana A.
Published: May 2022

The article by discusses regulatory, planning and project activities of influential international organizations interested in in systematic strong progress in the field of physical education, open access to such classes, promotion of healthy lifestyles, monitoring its quality in educational institutions, including UNESCO. The authors outlined the definition of real data on the distribution of time in physical education curricula and their content (goals and topics, activities, relevance of the introduction of certain types of education). in physical activity, quality); monitoring the quality of physical education in schools around the world; staffing and logistics; finding ways of partnership in order to implement UNESCO projects. The article also considers the general principles of the organization's policy on the accessibility of both the process of physical education and physical culture and sports facilities. Named interesting ideas of the authors of the "World Survey on School Physical Education" in 2013 on the introduction of alternative physical activities for those exempted from physical education on the basis of doctor's recommendations, promotion and development of physical culture and sports, in particular in the context of job creation and, consequently, economic growth. In addition, the selected experience introduces norms to increase the duration of both mandatory lessons (from 40 to 80 minutes per week) and additional extracurricular activities.
Methods of introducing fitball-aerobics in the educational process of physical education of student youth
Authors: Nikolaiev V. , Chizhaev P. , Kostiuk Yu.
Published: May 2022

The article considers the importance of fitball aerobics in physical education classes for students. The effectiveness of fitball as a means of developing strength, flexibility, endurance and coordination of movements is analyzed. The physiological effect of fitball aerobics on the body of those involved is studied. The classification of ball exercises according to the tasks and direction is considered. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate and supplement the author's method of introducing fitball aerobics in the educational process of physical education of students. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific and pedagogical and educational literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment. The method of teaching basic exercises with the use of fitball for the muscles of the arms and girdle of the upper extremities, for the muscles of the abdomen and back and for the muscles of the legs has been substantiated and supplemented. Recommendations and methods of using fitball aerobics in classes for students with different physical fitness are presented. Conclusions. Improving motor skills with the use of equipment such as fitball should be systematic, harmonious and health-improving. Students need to know that the greatest effect in improving both mental performance and prevention and correction of various diseases have short-term cyclical loads of moderate intensity and strength exercises associated with the manifestation of strength endurance.
Features of formation of motivation for sports activity in highly qualified powerlifters
Authors: Roztorhuy M. , Tolstonog O. , Melnik T. , Shandrigos V. , Popovich O. , Oliyarnyk V.
Published: May 2022

Creating a stable motivation for sports activities and systematic sports results is an important task of the modern system of training athletes in powerlifting. Motivation is the main factor in the effectiveness of the realization of sports potential and monotony of sports activities to athletes in powerlifting. The available scientific knowledge on the problem of forming motivation in powerlifting is characterized by the contradiction between the need to take into account the peculiarities of motivating athletes of different qualifications in powerlifting as an important factor in achieving sports results and lack of theoretical and methodological justification in power sports. The scientific potential of research on the formation of motivation of athletes in powerlifting is high not only for the psychology of sport, but also for the practice of sport. The aim is to identify the features of the formation of motivation for sports activities in highly qualified powerlifters. To solve this goal, we used the following research methods: analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction and extrapolation, generalization of practical experience, sociological methods, and methods of statistical analysis. As a result of the research, the significance of motives for sports activity of highly qualified powerlifters was determined and qualification differences in motivation of athletes of different qualifications were substantiated. Based on the rank analysis, it was found that among athletes of different qualifications there is no clear pattern of dominance of certain motives. It was found that the leading motives for sports activities of lower-skilled athletes are related to the desire for social recognition, self-realization and self- identification. With the growth of athletes' qualifications, the significance of these motives decreases. The obtained results testify to the existence of a clear regularity between the qualification of powerlifters and the orientation of the motives that form the attitude to the systematic and achievement of sports results.