bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo Prospectivo Sobre o Uso da Cinza de Casca de Arroz em Catalisadores Heterogêneos
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Andrade Rodrigues de , Braga Patricia Regina Sobral
Published: July 2022

A cinza de casca de arroz (CCA) é um resíduo proveniente da agricultura e tem se mostrado como potencial poluidor. Esse artigo teve por objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a aplicação da CCA na síntese de catalisadores ou como suporte catalítico. Para tal, foi utilizada uma metodologia de prospecção realizada na perspectiva tecnológica, com busca no sítio do INPI e no sistema Orbit® Intelligence. O estudo tecnológico revelou que no sítio do INPI nenhuma patente estava relacionada ao uso de CCA como catalisador. Em relação a base de dados Orbit® Intelligence, a China se destacou como país com mais depósitos de patentes. Foram recuperadas 26 famílias de patentes, na qual se observou que o código C01B-039/02 é o principal representante. O mapeamento realizado mostrou que os estudos sobre CCA em síntese de catalisadores e/ou como suporte catalítico têm crescido com o passar dos anos.
Transferência de Tecnologia e Estratégia Tecnológica se Completam
Authors: Ulrich Janine , Figueiredo Josiel , Maciel Cristiano
Published: July 2022

Algumas etapas e procedimentos que venham a contribuir para a transmissão do conhecimento desenvolvido são necessárias para a transferência de tecnologia. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é buscar uma melhor compreensão dos conceitos de Transferência de Tecnologia e importância de uma Estratégia Tecnológica por meio dos mecanismos de apoio de inovação, buscando levantar na literatura seus pontos positivos, benefícios e dificuldades. É importante destacar que a Transferência de Tecnologia, aliada a uma Estratégia Tecnológica, a Inovação e as Políticas Públicas são elementos chave na competitividade das organizações, sendo também mecanismos para criar sinergias entre os atores de inovação: universidade, governo, setor produtivo e sociedade. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresentamos uma proposta dos conceitos e diversos mecanismos de apoio. Enfim, por meio de todo o estudo realizado concluímos que existe a necessidade de formular Estratégias Tecnológicas que impulsionem a interação entre universidade e empresa, para promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico em benefício da sociedade.
As joias, a coroa e a seca do imperador na modernização territorial cearense (1877-1879)
Authors: Alencar Igor Carlos Feitosa
Published: July 2022

A seca de 1877-1879 dizimou parcela expressiva da população cearense. Tal evento, por sua vez, foi aproveitado pela classe senhorial local aliada ao poder imperial como forma de intensificar a exploração do trabalho, ao alocar os flagelados em grandes obras públicas, em especial na Estrada de Ferro de Baturité. Nesse bojo, o trabalho em questão metodologicamente se ampara na análise conjunta de aspectos teóricos e fontes documentais e propõe investigar como, ao contrário do que prega a propaganda monarquista da época e no presente, o imperador atuou em conformidade com os preceitos do Estado capitalista e, ao invés de socorrer a população sertaneja, a superexplorou, possibilitando o avanço nas obras da ferrovia e garantindo o controle social, a proteção da propriedade privada e a expansão da fronteira de acumulação.
O que há de agrário na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza?
Authors: Elias Denise , Pequeno Renato , Rodrigues Leitão Felipe
Published: July 2022

A Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF), no estado do Ceará, é uma das mais importantes do Brasil. Formada por 19 municípios, é extremamente heterogênea e marcada por consideráveis diferenças entre seus municípios, incluindo os níveis de urbanização. Para além da diversidade, apresenta especificidades bastante sui generis quando se trata de uma região metropolitana, tal como a forte presença de espaço rural e de atividades agropecuárias, que caracterizam predominantemente o uso e a ocupação do território de alguns municípios. Neste artigo, apresentamos evidências da importância do setor agrário na RMF e trabalhamos com a hipótese de que a agropecuária é uma atividade de grande destaque em relação ao uso e à ocupação do espaço e à economia da região. Como metodologia, adotamos os procedimentos clássicos de uma pesquisa científica na área de ciências humanas e sociais aplicadas, como pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, organização de séries estatísticas e confecção de cartogramas. Por fim, confirmamos a hipótese de que o espaço rural e as atividades agropecuárias têm forte presença na RMF.
Compensation for radiotherapy treatment interruptions due to a cyberattack: An isoeffective DVH‐based dose compensation decision tool
Authors: O'Shea Katie , Coleman Linda , Fahy Louise , Kleefeld Christoph , Foley Mark J. , Moore Margaret
Published: July 2022

Unscheduled interruptions to radiotherapy treatments lead to decreased tumor control probability (TCP). Rapid cell repopulation in the tumor increases due to the absence of radiation dose, resulting in the loss of TCP. Compensation for this loss is required to prevent or reduce an extension of the patient's overall treatment time and regain the original TCP. The cyberattack on the Irish public health service in May 2021 prevented radiotherapy treatment delivery resulting in treatment interruptions of up to 12 days. Current standards for treatment gap calculations are performed using the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) methodology, using a point‐dose for planning target volume (PTV) and the organs at risk (OAR).

An in‐house tool, named EQD2VH, was created in Python to perform treatment gap calculations using the dose–volume histogram (DVH) information in DICOM data extracted from commercial treatment planning system plans. The physical dose in each dose bin was converted into equivalent dose in 2‐Gy fractions (EQD2), accounting for tumor cell repopulation. This EQD2‐based DVH provides a 2D representation of the impact of treatment gap compensation strategies on both PTV and OAR dose distributions compared to the intended prescribed treatment plan. This additional information can aid clinicians’ choice of compensation options. EQD2VH was evaluated using five high‐priority patients experiencing a treatment interruption when the cyberattack occurred. Compensation plans were created using the RCR methodology to evaluate EQD2VH as a decision‐making tool.

The EQD2VH method demonstrated that the comparison of compensated treatment plans alongside the original intended treatment plans using isoeffective DVH analysis can be achieved. It enabled a visual and quantitative comparison between treatment plan options and provided an individual analysis of each structure in a patient's plan. It demonstrated potential to be a useful decision‐making tool for finding a balance between optimizing dose to PTV while protecting OARs.
Chondro‐Inductive b‐TPUe‐Based Functionalized Scaffolds for Application in Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Martínez‐Moreno Daniel , Venegas‐Bustos Desiré , Rus Guillermo , Gálvez‐Martín Patricia , Jiménez Gema , Marchal Juan Antonio
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis is a disease with a great socioeconomic impact and mainly affects articular cartilage, a tissue with reduced self‐healing capacity. In this work, 3D printed 1,4 butanediol thermoplastic polyurethane (b‐TPUe) scaffolds are functionalized and infrapatellar mesenchymal stem cells are used as the cellular source. Since b‐TPUe is a biomaterial with mechanical properties similar to cartilage, but it does not provide the desired environment for cell adhesion, scaffolds are functionalized with two methods, one based on collagen type I and the other in 1‐pyrenebutiric acid (PBA) as principal components. Alamar Blue and confocal assays display that PBA functionalized scaffolds support higher cell adhesion and proliferation for the first 21 days. However, collagen type I functionalization induces higher proliferation rates and similar cell viability than the PBA method. Further, both functionalization methods induce extracellular matrix synthesis, and the presence of chondrogenic markers (Sox9, Col2a, and Acan). Finally, SEM images probe that functionalized 3D printed scaffolds present much better cell/biomaterial interactions than controls and confirm early chondrogenesis. These results indicate that the two methods of functionalization in the highly hydrophobic b‐TPUe enhance the cell‐biomaterial interactions and the improvement in the chondro‐inductive properties, which have great potential for application in cartilage tissue engineering.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Performance of TiO2–TiN/Sn–SnO2 Composite Films on Ti for LIB Anodes with High Capacity and Excellent Conductivity
Authors: Chen Xuewen , Kure‐Chu Song‐Zhu , Matsubara Takashi , Hihara Takehiko , Yashiro Hitoshi , Okido Masazumi
Published: July 2022

According to the requirements for anode materials of safe and high‐capacity lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), various Sn/TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 composite materials have been developed, but no reports have yet combined them by a simple fabrication method. Herein, a novel and simple approach is reported for the fabrication of nanoporous TiO2–TiN/Sn–SnO2 composite films by successive Ti anodization and cathodic hybrid electrodeposition of Sn in a nitric acid‐based aqueous solution containing Sn2+ and/or Sn4+ ions. The conductivity of the anodic TiO2–TiN composite films facilitates the simultaneous electrodeposition of metallic Sn and electrophoretic deposition of SnO2 colloids, both on the surface and inside the nanopores of the film. Notably, the nanoporous structure is preserved, which provides a large surface area. The electrodeposition of Sn–SnO2 nanoparticles on the nanoporous TiO2–TiN film significantly improves the charge transfer and conductivity of the composite film and enhances the discharge capacity to up to 2386.1 µAh cm−2 (approximately sixfold higher than that of the bare matrix film).
Archaeometallurgical characterisation of ancient copper slags from pre‐Harappan site, Kunal, India
Authors: Kanth Aditya Prakash , Singh Manager Rajdeo , Mani Buddha Rashmi
Published: July 2022

The copper slags collected during the excavation of the Early Harappan period site at Kunal in northern India were studied to understand the advancement of smelting technology and the achieved smelting temperature in the furnace by undertaking archaeometallurgical characterisation of the slags. In this research, two types of slags such as slag with glassy appearance and granulated slag were selected for the study. The microscopic structure and distribution of slag components were investigated using optical microscopy and phase determination was done by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Chemical characterization of the slags was conducted using scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to build a complete chemical profile of the slags. Fayalite and magnetite were the dominant phases in the glassy slag; however, the granulated slag showed the dominance of calcite as secondary phase which reflected the dolomitic stoichiometry of the slag. The presence of dominant fayalite mineral phase as detected by XRD and higher concentration of iron as detected by XRF indicated the reducing environment during the smelting process. In this study, the absence of sulphur is reported which is unique to the ancient copper slag.
Two mono‐ and dinuclear Bi(III) complexes combined with crystallographic, spectroscopic, and antibacterial activities, MEP/HSA, and TD/DFT calculations
Authors: Chai Lan‐Qin , Chai Yong‐Mei , Zhang Xiao‐Fang
Published: July 2022

Two mono‐ and dinuclear Bi(III) complexes, [Bi(L)2(NO3)2]·NO3 (1) and [Bi2(L)2Cl8] (2) (L = (2‐(2‐pyridyl)‐4‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline‐N3‐oxide), were obtained via complexation of L with Bi(III) nitrate pentahydrate and Bi(III) chloride. L and both complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods including FT‐IR, UV–Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Specifically, it clearly manifested that both complexes had good fluorescence emission and showed different fluorescence behaviors in diverse solvents. Both Bi(III) complexes were further determined by X‐ray crystallography, and it was found that the ratio of ligand to metal was 2:1 in 1, whereas 2 was 1:1. Their coordination geometric configurations were significantly different, such as octa‐coordinated complex 1 formed an infinite 1‐D chain‐like, funnel‐shaped 2‐D network, and ladder‐like 3‐D supramolecular framework, whereas hexa‐coordinated complex 2 with a binuclear structure exhibited two slightly distorted octahedral geometric structures; meanwhile, symmetric units came into being an infinite 2‐D layer even and meter‐shaped 3‐D supramolecular skeleton. The optimal geometries, frontier molecular orbital energies, and molecular electrostatic potential diagrams of both complexes were calculated using DFT/B3LYP. The electronic distribution of HOMO‐LUMO rationalized the results of UV–Vis spectra with the help of TD‐DFT calculations. Furthermore, all samples demonstrated excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, non‐covalent interactions of complexes and their contributions were quantified with Hirshfeld surfaces using CrystalExplorer17 program.
Ru@C as a safety‐release RuO3@C catalyst precursor for selective oxidative cleavage of alkenes to aldehydes or ketones and alkynes to 1, 2‐diketones
Authors: Wang Yuguang , Liu Hengliang , Cai Donglin , Zhou Jinqiu , Wu Mengjing , Zheng Huifang , Xie Deming
Published: July 2022

High‐performance and recyclable high valence oxides of ruthenium catalyst had been released safely from commercially available ruthenium carbon catalyst in situ. They could selectively oxidize C=C bonds to corresponding aldehydes or ketones in 78%–99% yields and C ≡ C bonds to α‐diketones in 93%–99% yields. The cheap availability, recyclability, safety, and low toxicity of ruthenium carbon might endow the catalyst with great potential in industrial scale unsaturated bond oxidation cleavage applications.
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning for Rheumatologists
Authors: McMaster Christopher , Bird Alix , Liew David F. L. , Buchanan Russell R. , Owen Claire E. , Chapman Wendy W. , Pires Douglas E. V.
Published: July 2022

Deep learning has emerged as the leading method in machine learning, spawning a rapidly growing field of academic research and commercial applications across medicine. Deep learning could have particular relevance to rheumatology if correctly utilized. The greatest benefits of deep learning methods are seen with unstructured data frequently found in rheumatology, such as images and text, where traditional machine learning methods have struggled to unlock the trove of information held within these data formats. The basis for this success comes from the ability of deep learning to learn the structure of the underlying data. It is no surprise that the first areas of medicine that have started to experience impact from deep learning heavily rely on interpreting visual data, such as triaging radiology workflows and computer‐assisted colonoscopy. Applications in rheumatology are beginning to emerge, with recent successes in areas as diverse as detecting joint erosions on plain radiography, predicting future rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, and identifying halo sign on temporal artery ultrasound. Given the important role deep learning methods are likely to play in the future of rheumatology, it is imperative that rheumatologists understand the methods and assumptions that underlie the deep learning algorithms in widespread use today, their limitations and the landscape of deep learning research that will inform algorithm development, and clinical decision support tools of the future. The best applications of deep learning in rheumatology must be informed by the clinical experience of rheumatologists, so that algorithms can be developed to tackle the most relevant clinical problems.
Are there long‐living Hilda‐like asteroids between Jupiter and Saturn?
Authors: Dvorak Rudolf , Kubala Michael
Published: July 2022

To clarify the question of asteroids between Jupiter and Saturn a numerical study of the stability of orbits of fictitious bodies in this region has been undertaken. There are almost no minor planets moving there with the exception of 61 faint asteroids. After determining the mean motion resonances and the three‐body resonances, we have studied orbits for inclinations from 1 to 91 degrees to find out stable regions from 6.8 to 8.0 au. This was done up to 100 Myrs in the dynamical model Sun–Jupiter–Saturn and massless fictitious asteroids. In a study with a finer grid in inclination from 1 to 31 degrees and semi‐major axes from 6.88 to 7.30 au, we integrated ten thousand orbits up to the moment of their escape. These results showed a region in semi‐major axes with stable orbits in the interval from 7.12 to 7.23 au for moderate inclinations. Nevertheless, being a temporary capture there could be these objects much larger than the tiny ones discovered up to now in the region between Jupiter and Saturn.
The role of USP51 in attenuating chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin by regulating DNA damage response
Authors: Zhou Feng , Lu Jinchang , Jin Wei , Li Zhanbo , Xu Donghui , Gu Liang
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer is the most frequent type of cancer affecting both men and women globally, and it is associated with a high mortality rate. It is clinically treated with cisplatin, a platinum‐based drug that works by generating DNA lesions, which activates DNA damage response and induces cell death. However, chemoresistance by cancer cells limits the clinical usefulness of cisplatin as an anticancer drug. Here, we uncovered a role of ubiquitin‐specific protease 51 (USP51) in the chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin by regulating DNA damage response. USP51 was more upregulated in lung cancer tissues of chemotherapy‐resistant patients than those of chemotherapy‐sensitive patients with adjacent, nontumor tissues. USP51 overexpression in lung cancer cells in vitro reduced γ‐H2AX formation and promoted checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) phosphorylation, whereas USP51 knockdown showed opposite effects, indicating that USP51 played an important role in promoting DNA damage repair. Finally, USP51 knockdown weakened cisplatin resistance in A549/DDP cells and significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that a USP51 inhibitor combined with cisplatin may be considered as an effective treatment strategy to eliminate drug‐resistant lung cancer cells.
Exploration of critical thinking and self‐regulated learning in online learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Anwar Yunita Arian Sani , Muti'ah Muti'ah
Published: July 2022

An in‐depth analysis of today's online biochemistry learning is required to ensure better learning in the future. As a skill that students need to enter the world of work, critical thinking remains a goal in higher education. To develop critical thinking, students need to self‐regulate by developing their self‐regulated learning (SRL). This study aims to analyze students' critical thinking and SRL during online biochemistry learning. The research sample comprises 54 University of Mataram students. The data on critical thinking and SRL were gathered using tests and questionnaires. Supporting data were collected from observations on the Moodle platform, which was used as a learning tool during the learning process, and free‐response data. The results revealed low average scores for three components of the students' critical thinking in online biochemistry learning, namely hypothesis testing, developing conclusions and argument analysis. Among the indicators, metacognitive skill had the highest average score and help seeking had the lowest average score in the SRL measurement. Students' low critical thinking in online biochemistry learning may be caused by a lack of student–student interaction.
Green supply chain management in manufacturing firms: A resource‐based viewpoint
Authors: Khan Mehmood , Ajmal Mian M. , Jabeen Fauzia , Talwar Shalini , Dhir Amandeep
Published: July 2022

As sustainability draws increasing attention due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, interest in the green supply chain has likewise substantially increased. The present study contributes deeper insights into the logical integration of the resource‐based characteristics that can facilitate the effective transition from traditional to green supply chains while also increasing the effectiveness of existing green supply chains. The proposed model, rooted in the resource‐based view (RBV) theory, examines the associations of supply chain connectivity (SCC), supply chain information sharing (SCIS), top management commitment (TMC) and green procurement and logistics acceptance (GPLA) with green supply chain management (GSCM). Analysis of data from employees at 381 manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom confirmed the positive associations of SCC and SCIS with TMC and GPLA, of TMC with GPLA and GSCM and of GPLA with GSCM. The results also confirmed the serial mediation effect of TMC and GPLA on the associations of both SCC and SCIS with GSCM. The study offers several practical insights and theoretical contributions, including a novel GSCM scale.
Low ferroptosis score predicts chemotherapy responsiveness and immune‐activation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Lv Yang , Feng Qing‐Yang , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Zheng Peng , Zhu De‐xiang , Lin Qi , Chen Si‐min , Mao Yi‐Hao , Xu Yu‐Qiu , Ji Mei‐ling , Xu Jian‐Min , He Guo‐dong
Published: July 2022

Background

Existing studies for ferroptosis and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) were limited. In this study, we aim to investigate the prognostic role of ferroptosis markers in patients with CRC and exploration of its micro‐environmental distributions.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CRC patients’ tissue microarray. Selection and prognostic validation of markers were based on mRNA data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to indicate relative immune landmarks and hallmarks. Ferroptosis and immune contexture were examined by CIBERSORT. Survival outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier analysis and cox analysis.

Results

A panel of 42 genes was selected. Through mRNA expression difference and prognosis analysis, GPX4, NOX1 and ACSL4 were selected as candidate markers. By IHC, increased GPX4, decreased NOX1 and decreased FACL4 indicate poor prognosis and worse clinical characteristics. Ferroptosis score based on GPX4, NOX1 and ACSL4 was constructed and validated with high C‐index. Low ferroptosis score can also demonstrate the better progression free survival and better adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) responsiveness. Moreover, tumor with low ferroptosis score tend to be infiltrated with more CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and less M1 macrophage. Finally, we found that IFN‐γ was potentially the central molecule at the crossroad between ferroptosis and onco‐immune response.

Conclusion

Ferroptosis plays important role on CRC tumor progression, ACT response and prognosis. Ferroptosis contributes to immune‐supportive responses and IFN‐γ was the central molecule for this process.
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of the Pt−OPh Bond of a Molecular Pt(II) Complex using Silica Supported Pd, Rh and Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Luo Zhongwen , Xie Jiahan , Kaylor Nicholas , Dickie Diane A. , Ketcham Hannah E. , Davis Robert J. , Gunnoe T. Brent
Published: July 2022

Silica‐supported Pd, Rh and Pt metal nanoparticles catalyze the hydrogenolysis of the Pt−OPh bond of (tbpy)Pt(OPh)Cl to release PhOH. Based on kinetic studies monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, the reactivity trend is Pd>Rh>Pt. Kinetic studies with Pd/SiO2 are consistent with a first‐order dependence on the catalyst and the molecular Pt(II) complex (tbpy)Pt(OPh)Cl. Using TEM‐EDS mapping and ICP‐OES measurements of a recovered Pd catalyst, after 1 hour of hydrogenolysis of (tbpy)Pt(OPh)Cl, approximately 10–16 % Pt deposition (relative to Pd mol %) on the Pd/SiO2 surface was quantified.
The Synthesis of Chiral γ‐Lactones by Merging Decatungstate Photocatalysis with Biocatalysis
Authors: Özgen Fatma Feyza , Jorea Alexandra , Capaldo Luca , Kourist Robert , Ravelli Davide , Schmidt Sandy
Published: July 2022

The implementation of light‐driven catalytic processes in biocatalysis opens a golden window of opportunities. We hereby report the merging of photocatalytic C−C bond formation with enzymatic asymmetric reduction for the direct conversion of simple aldehydes and acrylates or unsaturated carboxylic acids into chiral γ‐lactones. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) is employed as the photocatalyst to trigger the hydroacylation of the starting olefins, yielding the corresponding keto esters/acids. Subsequently, an alcohol dehydrogenase converts the intermediate to the chiral alcohol, which undergoes lactonization to the desired γ‐lactone. The photochemoenzymatic synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic γ‐lactones was thereby achieved with up to >99 %eeand >99 % yield. This synthesis highlights the power of building molecular complexity by merging photocatalysis with biocatalysis to access high‐value added chiral compounds from simple, cheap and largely available starting materials.
Glasstrukturen in der Stadt – Essay zur Arbeit mit dem transparenten Werkstoff
Authors: Paech Christoph , Stein Michael , Stockhusen Knut
Published: July 2022

Eine moderne Stadt wird lebenswerter, wenn Erscheinung, Funktionalität, Qualität und Nachhaltigkeit der gebauten Umgebung überzeugen. Dieser Essay stellt weltweit realisierte, besonders filigrane und einzigartige Strukturen mit und aus Glas vor. Projekte wie die Bahnhofsüberdachung der Moynihan Train Hall in New York City oder die U‐Bahn Haltestelle Elbbrücken in Hamburg, die besonderen Fassaden des Apple Stores in Brooklyn sowie die des Nordstrom Flagship Stores in Manhattan, bis hin zum einladenden, eleganten Vordach des Hospitals Israelita Albert Einstein in São Paulo stehen stellvertretend für eine besondere Form der strukturellen Schönheit.

Glass structures in the city – an essay on working with the transparent material. A modern city is perceived to be livable when the quality and sustainability of the built environment are compelling. This essay presents delicate and unique glass structures and buildings that positively shape urban space worldwide. Projects discussed span from the skylights of the Moynihan Train Hall in New York City and the Elbbrücken U‐Bahn station in Hamburg to the specialized facades of the Apple store in Brooklyn and the Nordstrom flagship store in Manhattan to the inviting, elegant canopy of the Israelita Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo. All are fully realized examples where the implementation of glass highlights the beauty of structures.
Wellenförmige Glasfassade eines Flagship‐Stores in Peking
Authors: Rycke Klaas De , Baldassini Niccolò , Lu Lin , Pfanner Daniel , Reshamvala Marcel
Published: July 2022

Der von RDAI Architekten entworfene Flagship‐Store in Peking zeichnet sich durch seine einzigartige wellenförmige Glasfassade aus. In Zusammenarbeit mit RDAI unterstützte BOLLINGER+GROHMANN bei der technisch anspruchsvollen und komplexen Fassadenplanung. Die Isolierverglasungen der elf Meter hohen Fassade weisen einen parabolisch gekrümmten wellenförmigen Verlauf auf, sodass aufgrund der höheren Eigensteifigkeit der Scheiben auf eine typische Unterkonstruktion im Sinne lastabtragender Pfosten verzichtet werden konnte. Zudem ermöglicht die Geometrie der Verglasung einen Lastabtrag in Scheibenebene. Der optimale Kurvenverlauf der wellenförmigen Verglasung konnte durch Berechnungen ermittelt werden. Des Weiteren besticht die Verglasung durch ihre rillenförmigen Vertiefungen auf der Oberfläche, die im Zusammenspiel mit dem Kurvenverlauf von Weitem an einen Bambuswald erinnern lässt.

Undulating glass facade at a flagship store in Beijing. The flagship store in Beijing, designed by RDAI Architects, is characterized by its unique undulating glass facade. In collaboration with RDAI, BOLLINGER+GROHMANN supported with the technically demanding and complex facade design and execution. The insulating glazing of the elevenmeter‐high facade has a parabolically curved undulating profile so that, due to the higher stiffness of the panes, a typical substructure in the sense of load‐bearing mullions could be avoided. In addition, the geometry of the glazing allows load transfer in vertical direction. The ideal curvature of the undulating glazing was determined by mere calculations. Furthermore, for esthetical purpose but with great mechanical and production impact, the glazing has been transformed through physical engraving with CNC.
Auswirkungen von Abrasion auf die Biegezugfestigkeit von Glas
Authors: Neugebauer Jürgen , Hribernig Maria
Published: July 2022

Sandpartikel, die vom Wind aufgenommen werden und an der Glasoberfläche Defekte hervorrufen können, haben je nach Größe einen Einfluss auf die Biegezugfestigkeit von Glas. Dieser Effekt wird als Abrasion bezeichnet. Die Abhängigkeit der maximalen Korngrößen von Bodenpartikeln, die der Wind aufnehmen kann, ist berechenbar und wird dargestellt. Die Einwirkung der Sandpartikel auf die Glasproben wurde nach DIN 52348: „Prüfung von Glas und Kunststoff – Verschleißprüfung – Sandriesel‐Verfahren“ simuliert. Für ersten optische Rückschlüsse kommt die Dunkelfeldmethode zur Anwendung. Der Einfluss auf die Biegezugfestigkeit wurde mit einem adaptierten Vierschneiden‐Biegezugversuch bestimmt und die Ergebnisse der Versuchsserien gegenübergestellt.

Effects of abrasion on the flexural strength of glass. Sand particles which are picked up by the wind and can cause defects on the glass surface and have an influence on the flexural strength of glass, depending on their size. This effect is known as abrasion. The dependence of the maximum grain sizes of soil particles that the wind can absorb can be calculated and is shown. The effect of the sand particles on the glass samples was simulated according to DIN 52348: “Testing of glass and plastics – abrasion test – sand trickle method”. The dark field method is used for initial optical conclusions. The influence on the flexural tensile strength was determined with an adapted four‐point bending test and the results of the test series were compared.
SOUNDLAB AI Tool – Machine Learning zur Bestimmung des bewerteten Schalldämmmaßes
Authors: Drass Michael , Kraus Michael Anton , Riedel Henrik , Stelzer Ingo
Published: July 2022

Die moderne Architektur strebt nach transparenten Gebäudehüllen und insbesondere nach nachhaltigen und bauphysikalisch adäquaten Glasfassaden. Typischerweise werden Glasfassaden entworfen, um eine Vielzahl von Zielen zu erfüllen, eines davon sind die Anforderungen an den Schallschutz. Eine zuverlässige Abschätzung der Schalldämmeigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten ist aufgrund der Komplexität experimenteller Tests oder numerischer Simulationen zeitaufwendig und kostenintensiv. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit ein maschineller Lern‐Ansatz zur Prädiktion der akustischen Eigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten vorgestellt.

SOUNDLAB AI Tool – Machine learning for the determination of the weighted sound Insulation Value. Modern architecture strives for transparent building envelopes and, in particular, for sustainable and physically adequate glass facades. Typically, glass facades are designed to meet a variety of objectives, one of which is to satisfy sound insulation requirements. Reliable estimation of the sound insulation properties of arbitrary glass assemblies is time consuming and costly due to the complexity of experimental tests or numerical simulations. Therefore, this paper presents a machine learning approach for predicting the acoustic properties of various glass setups.
Hochtemperaturfestigkeit von geglühtem Kalk‐Natronsilicatglas
Authors: Schwind Gregor , Rosendahl Philipp , Seel Matthias , Schneider Jens
Published: July 2022

Bei der additiven Fertigung und beim thermischen Vorspannen von Glas ist dessen Festigkeit für den aufgrund des Herstell‐ bzw. Veredelungsprozesses relevanten Temperaturbereich nur wenig erforscht. Um die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Temperaturen auf die Festigkeit des Werkstoffs näher bestimmen zu können, wurde der Doppelringbiegeversuch nach EN 1288‐5 mit einer Universalprüfmaschine mit Ofen an Glasplatten von Raumtemperatur bis 550 °C durchgeführt. Vor der Prüfung wurden die Proben kontrolliert vorgeschädigt, gelagert und mit Wärme behandelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Zunahme der Bruchfestigkeit mit steigender Prüftemperatur. Der kritische Spannungsintensitätsfaktor und die kritische Energiefreisetzungsrate zeigen keine Temperaturabhängigkeit.

High temperature strength of annealed soda‐lime silicate glass. In additive manufacturing and thermal toughening of glass, its strength has been little researched for the temperature range relevant due to the manufacturing or refining process. In order to be able to determine the effects of different temperatures on the strength of the material in more detail, the coaxial double ring test according to EN 1288‐5 was carried out on glass plates from room temperature to 550 °C using a universal testing machine with furnace. Prior to testing, the specimens were pre‐damaged in a controlled manner, stored and heat treated. The results show an increase in fracture strength with increasing test temperature. The critical stress intensity factor and the critical energy release rate show no temperature dependence.
Rauheitsuntersuchungen an Glaskanten mittels konfokalem Laserscanning‐Mikroskop
Authors: Bukieda Paulina , Weller Bernhard
Published: July 2022

Untersuchungen zur Kantenfestigkeit von Gläsern zeigen, dass diese in Abhängigkeit des Herstellers und der Kantenbearbeitungsart nach DIN 1249‐11 stark variiert. Insbesondere der Bearbeitungsprozess des Schleifens weist eine Vielzahl von Parametern auf, welche die resultierende Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Glaskante beeinflussen, allerdings noch unzureichend untersucht sind. Eine objektive Erfassung der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit über Kennwerte der Rauheit könnte helfen, Prozessparameter bewertbar zu machen und eine Korrelation zwischen dem Bearbeitungsprozess und der Kantenfestigkeit zu schaffen. Im Rahmen einer ersten Vorstudie wurden Rauheitskennwerte geschliffener und polierter Kantenoberflächen von drei Herstellern mittels konfokalem Laserscanning‐Mikroskop ermittelt und hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Bewertung der Bearbeitungsprozesse geprüft.

Roughness examination of processed glass edges under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Findings on the edge strength show that, it varies depending on the manufacturer and the type of edge finishing. In particular the grinding process has a large number of parameters that influence the surface quality of the glass edge, which have not yet been fully investigated. The determination of objective roughness parameters could help to evaluate the grinding processes and further correlate the surface quality with the edge strength. Within the scope of a preliminary study, roughness parameters were calculated for ground and polished glass edges of three manufacturers using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Finally the method was tested regarding to its suitability for a determination of characteristic roughness parameters that could be used to evaluate the grinding processes.
Funktionale Mock‐Ups zur Absicherung von Fassaden‐ und Versorgungskonzepten
Authors: Eberl Michael , Hiller Marion , Sinnesbichler Herbert , Grün Gunnar , Kersken Matthias
Published: July 2022

Komplexe Fassaden übernehmen diverse Funktionen wie Wetterschutz, Belüften, Beleuchten, Energieerzeugung, etc. Die Kombination der Disziplinen kann ein einzelner Fachplaner meist nicht beherrschen. Um dieser Komplexität mit ihren Risiken zu begegnen, sind funktionale Mock‐Ups sinnvoll, sodass der Bauherr Sicherheit über die Funktion der bestellten Fassade erlangt und die Inbetriebnahme der TGA erleichtert wird. In dieser Publikation wird dieser Vorteile an einer Bemusterung (Festo SE & Co. KG Esslingen) an der Versuchseinrichtung für Energetische und Raumklimatische Untersuchungen VERU des Fraunhofer IBP dargestellt. Das zweite vorgestellte Projekt (Validierung Simulationsmodell in Zusammenarbeit mit Transsolar) zeigt, dass der Vergleich von Simulationsergebnissen und Messung am funktionalen Mock‐Up einen Beitrag zur Sicherheit in der simulationsgestützten Planung leistet, da projektspezifische Fehlerquellen in der Simulation, wie Eingabefehler, ungenau angenommene Randbedingungen oder Vereinfachungen in den hinterlegten Modellen aufgedeckt werden können. Die empirische Validierung führt zu einer erhöhten Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der eingesetzten Modelle.

Mockups for the validation of facade and supply concepts. Functional mockups for the facades are based on a combination of disciplines, which is usually not under the control of a single designer. Complex facades take on various functions, such as weather protection, ventilation, lighting, energy generation etc. In order to cope with the risks arising from this complexity, functional mockups are advisable for the client to gains information on the reliability of the ordered facade and for the commissioning of the building services. In this publication, these advantages are presented on a sampling (Festo SE & Co. KG Esslingen) at Fraunhofer IBP's VERU test facility for energy and indoor climate studies. The second project presented (validation simulation model in cooperation with Transsolar) shows that the comparison of simulation results against measurement on the functional mockup contributes to safety in simulation based planning, since project specific sources of error in the simulation such as input errors, inaccurately assumed boundary conditions or simplifications in the stored models can be revealed. The empirical validation leads to an increased accuracy and reliability of the models used.
Praxisorientierte Fehleranalyse nichtlinearer Modelle für strukturelle Silikone
Authors: Kießlich Philipp , Giese‐Hinz Johannes , Wünsch Jan , Louter Christian , Weller Bernhard
Published: July 2022

Für die Bemessung realer Spannungszustände in Klebfugen sind numerische Modelle unabdingbar, welche für zwei Silikone in diesem Artikel vorgestellt werden. Dazu werden deren mechanische Eigenschaften durch eindeutige Belastungszustände in Versuchen unter Nutzung zweier optischer Messmethoden bestimmt. Über eine multi‐experimentelle Parameteridentifikation werden anschließend numerische Kennwerte für geläufige lineare und nichtlineare Modelle über diverse Dehnungsbereiche identifiziert. Eine Bewertung erfolgt im Vergleich der numerischen und experimentellen Ergebnisse eines in‐Situ‐Prüfkörpers. Diese hebt hervor, dass die Wahl der hyperelastischen Modelle, sowie das Identifikationsverfahren die Brauchbarkeit der Modelle bestimmen.

Experimental determination of mechanical properties and numerical modelling of structural silicone. Numerical models are indispensable for the design of realistic stress conditions in adhesive joints, which will be presented for two silicones in this article. For this purpose, their mechanical properties are determined by unique loading conditions in tests using optical measurement methods. Numerical parameters for common linear and nonlinear models over various strain ranges are then identified via multi‐experimental parameter identification. Evaluation is performed by comparing the numerical and experimental results of an in‐situ test specimen, which highlight that the choice of hyperelastic models and the identification procedure determine the usability of the models.
Silan‐modifizierte Polymere in Kleb‐ und Dichtstoffen
Authors: Schäfer Sascha , Damke Jan‐Erik
Published: July 2022

Unter den flexiblen, reaktiven Dicht‐ und Klebstofflösungen besitzen die Silan‐modifizierten Polymere (SMPs) eine Sonderstellung. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine hohe strukturelle Vielfalt aus, die bei anderen Lösungen aus dem Bereich elastischer Fügeverbindungen nicht zu finden ist. Hierbei sind vor allem die breite Variabilität des Basispolymers sowie die unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Anbindung der Silan‐Gruppe an dieses Polymer hervorzuheben. In den letzten Jahren sind hier einige weitere Hybridmaterialien eingeführt worden, wodurch immer mehr Anwendungen erschlossen wurden, bei denen elastische Verklebungen und Dichtungslösungen eine Rolle spielen. Hierauf wollen wir im zweiten Teil dieser Artikelserie eingehen.
An explicit nonlinear mapping‐based locality constrained index for nonlinear statistical process monitoring
Authors: Chen Yang , Tong Chudong , Shi Xuhua
Published: July 2022

Different from the mainstream nonlinear multivariate statistical process monitoring approaches, which usually implement offline feature extraction for a given dataset sampled from the normal operating condition, the proposed method analyzes the inconsistency inherited in each specific online monitored sample of current interest in a timely manner so that a novel monitoring statistic called locality constrained index (LCI) can be simultaneously calculated. Through taking advantage of an explicit nonlinear mapping (ENM), the sampled data is first transformed into a higher‐dimensional space so as to explicitly reflect the inherited nonlinearity between measured variables. With the involvement of the online monitored sample in designing the corresponding objective function, the calculation of LCI is then targeted to point out the deviation within the neighbourhood. According to the comparisons with the counterparts, the proposed ENM‐LCI‐based method demonstrated its salient superiority and consistent effectiveness in nonlinear process monitoring.
Quantitative Neuroanatomical Phenotyping of the Embryonic Mouse Brain
Authors: Nguyen Sylvie , Kannan Meghna , Gaborit Marion , Collins Stephan C. , Yalcin Binnaz
Published: July 2022

Congenital neurodevelopmental anomalies are present from birth and are characterized by an abnormal development of one or more structures of the brain. Brain structural anomalies are highly comorbid with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, and 80% are of genetic origin. We aim to address an important neurobiological question: How many genes regulate the normal anatomy of the brain during development. To do so, we developed a quantitative approach for the assessment of a total of 106 neuroanatomical parameters in mouse mutant embryos at embryonic day 18.5 across two planes commonly used in brain anatomical studies, the coronal and sagittal planes. In this article we describe the techniques we developed and explain why ultrastandardized procedures involving embryonic mouse brains are even more of prime importance for morphological phenotyping than adult mouse brains. We focus our analysis on brain size anomalies and on the most frequently altered brain regions including the cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, ventricles, caudate putamen, and cerebellum. Our protocols allow a standardized histology pipeline from embryonic mouse brain preparation to sectioning, staining, and scanning and neuroanatomical analyses at well‐defined positions on the coronal and sagittal planes. Together, our protocols will help scientists in deciphering congenital neurodevelopmental anomalies and anatomical changes between groups of mouse embryos in health and genetic diseases. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Fixation and preparation of embryonic mouse brain samples

Basic Protocol 2: Sectioning, staining, and scanning of embryonic mouse brain sections

Basic Protocol 3: Coronal neuroanatomical measurements of embryonic mouse brain structures

Basic Protocol 4: Sagittal neuroanatomical measurements of embryonic mouse brain structures
Using the red‐imported fire ant to study invasive species removal and reinvasion
Authors: Morehart Morgan A. , Gitzen Robert A. , Terhune Theron M. , Lepczyk Christopher A. , Sisson D. Clay
Published: July 2022

Invasive species are a major driver of native species declines, frequently resulting in a reduction of ecosystem function. Though control of invasive species is often beneficial, it can create other ecological issues. However, studying the results can give insight into the benefits of removal and most effective management techniques. A model invasive species to test the effects of removal is the red‐imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, hereafter RIFA), which depredates and competes with native species. We hypothesized that following removal, RIFA would recolonize treated areas from untreated borders, resulting in reinvasion and higher densities due to elimination of competition from native species that would also be extirpated by treatments. To test our hypothesis, we compared RIFA relative abundance on large sites (>400 ha) treated with a granular insecticide (Extinguish Plus, Central Life Sciences, Schaumburg, IL) in southwest Georgia, USA. Extinguish Plus effectively removed RIFA, but the treated sites were reinvaded approximately 14 months after treatment with higher densities of RIFA than on untreated areas, potentially reflecting release from competition from native ants removed by treatments. Invasive species removal may elicit a rapid recolonization via a density‐dependent response mechanism and potentially increase abundance of the target species. Management strategies integrating temporal and spatial replication of control measures and multiple management techniques will be most successful in controlling invasive species.
Understanding how diel and seasonal rhythms affect the movements of a small non‐migratory bird
Authors: Neumann L. K. , Davis C. A. , Fuhlendorf S. D. , Andersson K. , Elmore R. D. , Goodman L. E.
Published: July 2022

Diel and seasonal rhythms affect an animal's environment and life history. Understanding how these rhythms influence movement increases our knowledge on how animals adjust to changing resources, environmental conditions, and risk to their survival. To better understand how diel and seasonal rhythms affect animals, we evaluated movements of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus, hereafter bobwhite). Because bobwhite are a small non‐migratory species that must cope with daily and seasonal changes in their environment year‐around, they are a model species to study how diel and seasonal rhythms influence animal movement of a non‐migratory species. GPS data from transmitters attached to bobwhite at four wildlife management sites across Oklahoma were collected during 2019–2021. We parsed the diel data as daytime (7:00 AM–7:00 PM Central Daylight Savings Time [CDT]) and nighttime (7:00 PM–7:00 AM CDT), and diurnal (sunrise–sunset) and nocturnal (sunset–sunrise), as well as by astronomical season. We calculated three movement metrics: net displacement (Euclidean distance from the starting fix to the ending fix of a path, which encompasses consecutive relocations in a time series of geographic fixes); cumulative distance (sum of all Euclidean distances between each consecutive fix along the path); and hourly movement. We modeled the data using a generalized linear mixed modeling approach. Across season, model predictions showed that net displacement was highest during spring, and daytime cumulative distance slowly increased as the year progressed. Bobwhite had two movement peaks during the diurnal period, one during 9:00 AM–10:00 AM and the other during 5:00 PM–8:00 PM depending on the season. Despite being diurnal, bobwhite occasionally made nocturnal movements, likely in response to a disturbance by a predator, inclement weather, or energetic demands. Movement peaks during the diurnal period may reflect changes in behavior in response to energy requirements, predator risk, and changes in air temperature. Life history events likely cause seasonal differences in movement. This study furthers our understanding of how animals move daily and seasonally, suggesting the importance of analyzing movement across the entire year because animals move differently across the day and year.