bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General strategies for using amino acid sequence data to guide biochemical investigation of protein function
Authors: Kennedy Emily N. , Foster Clay A. , Barr Sarah A. , Bourret Robert B.
Published: November 2022

The rapid increase of ‘-omics' data warrants the reconsideration of experimental strategies to investigate general protein function. Studying individual members of a protein family is likely insufficient to provide a complete mechanistic understanding of family functions, especially for diverse families with thousands of known members. Strategies that exploit large amounts of available amino acid sequence data can inspire and guide biochemical experiments, generating broadly applicable insights into a given family. Here we review several methods that utilize abundant sequence data to focus experimental efforts and identify features truly representative of a protein family or domain. First, coevolutionary relationships between residues within primary sequences can be successfully exploited to identify structurally and/or functionally important positions for experimental investigation. Second, functionally important variable residue positions typically occupy a limited sequence space, a property useful for guiding biochemical characterization of the effects of the most physiologically and evolutionarily relevant amino acids. Third, amino acid sequence variation within domains shared between different protein families can be used to sort a particular domain into multiple subtypes, inspiring further experimental designs. Although generally applicable to any kind of protein domain because they depend solely on amino acid sequences, the second and third approaches are reviewed in detail because they appear to have been used infrequently and offer immediate opportunities for new advances. Finally, we speculate that future technologies capable of analyzing and manipulating conserved and variable aspects of the three-dimensional structures of a protein family could lead to broad insights not attainable by current methods.
Feedback stabilization of switched linear systems via a parametric approach
Authors: Li Dong‐Bo , Duan Guang‐Ren , Liu Guo‐Ping
Published: November 2022

This paper solves two matrix equations problems completely which are originated from the problems of state feedback stabilization of first‐order and second‐order switched systems, respectively. Two parametric solutions are proposed for the both two problems. Comparison for the advantages and disadvantages between the two methods is presented from an unified point of view. It is disclosed that principle of each uncontrollable pole will lead to a linear relationship between the rows of solution matrix V. Examples show the proposed methods are convenient calculation.
Target region extraction and segmentation algorithm for reflective tomography Lidar image
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Han Fei , Shen Shiyang , Wang Yicheng , Xu Shilong , Dong Xiao , Hu Yihua
Published: November 2022

Reflective tomography Lidar is long‐range, high‐resolution imaging Lidar. Because the angular resolution is independent of detection range, it enjoys promising application prospects in imaging of small space targets, estimation of barycentre range of space debris, and many other fields. In practice, images generated by reflective tomography Lidar generally contain a large number of artefacts and noise that need to be removed to obtain the target profile. To improve the quality of the target profile, an algorithm is proposed for the extraction and segmentation of the target region in reflective tomography Lidar images. According to the experimental results, the algorithm can achieve better segmentation results than the traditional threshold segmentation algorithms. In particular, the algorithm can maintain good segmentation results for those images with noticeable ring artefacts, strip artefacts, and noise while avoiding under‐segmentation or over‐segmentation. It also guarantees the integrity of the target segmentation, preserves the outer contour and detailed structure information of the target as much as possible, and improves the accuracy of the target segmentation. Compared with conventional threshold segmentation algorithms, the algorithm improves the quality of image segmentation, and can improve the quality factor by more than 3%.
Automatic facial expression recognition combining texture and shape features from prominent facial regions
Authors: Kumar H N Naveen , Kumar A Suresh , Prasad M S Guru , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: November 2022

Facial expression is one form of communication which being non‐verbal in nature precedes verbal communication in both origin and conception. Most of the existing methods for Automatic Facial Expression Recognition (AFER) are mainly focused on global feature extraction assuming that all facial regions contribute equal amount of discriminative information to predict the expression class. The detection and localization of facial regions that have significant contribution to expression recognition and extraction of highly discriminative feature distribution from those regions are not fully explored. The key contributions of the proposed work are developing novel feature distribution upon combining the discriminative power of shape and texture feature; determining the contribution of facial regions and identifying the prominent facial regions that hold abstract and highly discriminative information for expression recognition. The shape and texture features taken into consideration are Local Phase Quantization (LPQ), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). Multiclass Support Vector Machine (MSVM) is used while one versus one classification. The proposed work is implemented on CK+, KDEF, and JAFFE benchmark facial expression datasets. The recognition rate of the proposed work is 94.2% on CK+ and 93.7% on KDEF, which is significantly more than the existing handcrafted feature‐based methods.
Proposing a kinematic wave‐based adaptive transit signal priority control using genetic algorithm
Authors: Behbahani Hamid , Poorjafari Mohammad
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a kinematic wave‐based adaptive transit signal priority control (KATC) aiming to minimize average passenger delay at intersection level. The passenger delay minimization problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer non‐linear program (MINLP) with two decision variables of green time and phase sequence. The adoption of the phase sequence in the optimization and not involving the common simplifying assumptions in the delay models are the main contributions of the current study. General traffic and public transportation (PT) vehicle delay are estimated using kinematic wave theory. Genetic algorithm is utilized to solve the MINLP problem at 1‐cycle intervals and for a decision horizon of 3 consecutive cycles. The performance of KATC is evaluated against SYNCHRO and the KATC model without phase sequence optimization, using VISSIM. The results of the experiments indicate superior performance of KATC over the two other models in terms of both average passenger delay and PT passenger delay, especially at low congestion levels. Furthermore, increasing PT passenger occupancy can effectively contribute to higher passenger delay improvements. The adverse impacts on passenger vehicles are restricted to a 3.4% and 2.7% increase in general traffic delay compared to SYNCHRO and the KATC model without phase sequence optimization, respectively.
Extraction of alprazolam in biological samples using the dispersive solid‐phase method with nanographene oxide grafted with α‐pyridylamine
Authors: Parsayi Arvand Morteza , Moghimi Ali , Abniki Milad
Published: November 2022

An effective adsorbent was synthesised from nanographene oxide for the removal of the alprazolam drug from the water sample solution. The dispersive solid‐phase extraction method was used with α‐pyridylamine grafted nanographene oxide to extract and analyse little amounts of alprazolam in biological materials. Before beginning the experimental analysis process, it is critical to use a simple and accessible sample preparation approach. In the current study, a technique for preconcentration and measurement of trace quantities of alprazolam in aqueous samples was introduced. The pH of extraction, the amount and type of elution solvent and the period of extraction were all tuned in the alprazolam analysis technique. Analytical parameters such as the concentration factor, the limit of detection of the technique and relative standard deviation (%) were achieved as 20, 8.0 µg L−1 and 2.4%, respectively.
Design and analysis of a magnetic connection device for external ventricular drain
Authors: Yan Rongguo , Ye Junjun , Wang Jiahui , Wang Maomao
Published: November 2022

It is difficult to separate Luer lock adapters during the external ventricular drainage (EVD) since they are often connected by a threaded connection, and the infusion needle put into the patient's body gets pulled out when extubation occurs unexpectedly. The paper described a new magnetic connection assembly made up of ring magnetic permanents and a Hall sensor that could be used to replace Luer lock adapters for quicker disconnection and reconnection of the drainage catheter. For the design and analysis of the device, the finite element method magnetics (FEMM) was used to estimate the size of magnetic permanents and the best detection site of the Hall sensor for detecting whether the magnetic permanents were closely attracted and/or pulled apart. Then an experiment was conducted to confirm our findings. Both simulation and experiment revealed that a pair of hollow cylindrical magnetic permanents, each with height 10 mm, outer diameter 8 mm, and inner diameter 4 mm, could achieve the same force as the Luer lock adapters held, and that the best Hall sensor detection position was in the middle of the permanent magnets, with a radial distance of about 2 mm.
OH mid-infrared emission as a diagnostic of H2O UV photodissociation
Authors: Zannese M. , Tabone B. , Habart E. , Le Petit F. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Bron E.
Published: November 2022

Context. Water photodissociation in the 114–143 nm UV range forms excited OH which emits at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths via highly excited rotational lines. These lines have only been detected with Spitzer in proto-planetary disks and shocks. Previous studies have shown that they are a unique diagnostic for water photodissociation. Thanks to its high sensitivity and angular resolution, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) could be able to detect them in other environments such as interstellar photodissociation regions (PDRs).

Aims. Our goal is to predict OH MIR lines for a large range of thermal pressures and UV fields in PDRs.

Methods. We use the Meudon PDR Code to compute the thermal and chemical structure of PDRs. In order to predict the emerging spectrum of OH, we amended the code to include prompt emission induced by H2O photodissociation between 114 and 143 nm. We performed a detailed study of the influence of thermal pressure (Pth/k = nHTK) and UV field strength on the integrated intensities and their detectability with the JWST.

Results. OH MIR emission is predicted to originate very close to the H0/H2 transition and is directly proportional to the column density of water photodissociated in that layer. Because gas-phase neutral-neutral reactions forming water require relatively high temperatures (TK ≳ 300 K), the resulting OH MIR lines are primarily correlated with the temperature at this position, and are therefore brighter in regions with high pressure. This implies that these lines are predicted to be only detectable in strongly irradiated PDRs (G0incident > 103) with high thermal pressure (Pth/k ≳ 5x107 K cm–3). In the latter case, OH MIR lines are less dependent on the strength of the incident UV field. The detection of such lines in PDRs such as the Orion bar – which should be possible – is also investigated and we show that the line-to-continuum ratio could be a major limitation for detection because of instrumental limitations.

Conclusions. OH MIR lines observable by JWST are a promising diagnostic for dense and strongly irradiated PDRs and proplyds. Their intensities are directly proportional to the amount of water photodissociated and they are therefore an indirect but sensitive probe of the gas temperature at the H0/H2 transition.
Technical research on the emission performance of vehicles with different Technique route under real driving conditions
Authors: Yan Feng , Wang Yuwei , Yang Zhengjun , Zhao Haiguang
Published: November 2022

Based on a large number of test data obtained from real driving emission test of gasoline vehicles, the emission performance of vehicles with different technique route under real driving conditions were studied, the emission sensitivities and feasible schemes to meet the China 6 RDE standards for vehicles with different technologies were also evaluated. It is revealed that for the tested fleet covering different emission control technologies and under current proposed RDE limit, the passing rate can reach 72% at the initial implementation stage of China 6 standard, and increased to more than 85% after more than one year of China 6 standard implementation, the main failure cause were the over standard emission of PN; the RDE pollution control level of domestic brands is equivalent to that of the foreign brands, but there is a certain gap between WLTC pollution control level; adding GPF is a relatively safe technology to deal with PN emission both in on road RDE tests and laboratory WLTC tests, and vehicles with additional coated GPF can obtain relatively better NOx emission performance.
A review of research on vehicle exhaust dispersion model based on CFD simulation technology
Authors: Zhang Yonglin , Yang Daoyuan , Wu Rui , Yang Xiaowen , Li Yue , Xu Honglei
Published: November 2022

CFD, comprising multiple types of softwares, involves complex technological theories and is used to solve profound issues with a huge amount of calculation. Given the complexity and profundity, this study selects Fluent, OpenFOAM and Star-CCM+ as representatives to review the application of the CFD simulation technology in the vehicle exhaust dispersion models. Fluent, a commercial CFD software, started relatively early and has so far been the most widely used in the field of motor vehicle exhaust dispersion research; OpenFOAM, is open source and has a large number of models and algorithms. Apart from supporting pure model research, OpenFOAM has broad application prospects in coupling with the mesoscale model WRF to improve the accuracy of pollutant dispersion simulation; Star-CCM+, less applied in the research field of vehicle exhaust dispersion, focuses more on vehicle air conditioning system, vehicle radiator, refueling, vehicle aerodynamic noise source simulation and other related fields. The research provides theoretical basis and scientific reference for the application of CFD in the field of urban block-scale air quality research. In the future, with the rapid development of computer technology and the introduction of new theories and intelligent algorithms, CFD technology is very likely to achieve new breakthroughs and continue to enjoy even wider application in the research of motor vehicle exhaust dispersion.
A dual-role hierarchical RBAC extended security model based on department attributes and its application
Authors: Zhang Xianghui , Zhu Zuoping , Sui Jianxin , Huang Yao , Zuo Chaojun
Published: November 2022

In order to overcome the problems of the classic RBAC model, such as user identity cannot be verified, role assignment conflicts, permission leakage, complicated roles and permissions configuration, etc., this paper proposes a dual-role hierarchical RBAC extended security model based on department attributes. Firstly, based on the identity authentication mechanism, the legality of the user identity used by the system and its department attributes are authenticated, and the legal identity users are associated with their departments. Then, the roles were divided into responsibility roles and system roles in the classic RBAC model, which are defined by the system administrator is responsible for configuring system roles according to the permission control requirements of resources and operations in the system. The person in charge of the department to which the user belongs configures the role for the user according to the actual work responsibilities of each user, and the person in charge of the department is responsible for the relationship between the role and the system. Finally, this dual-role hierarchical RBAC extended security model based on department attributes is applied to the authority management scheme of a power grid business system. The security analysis and practical results show that this dual-role hierarchical RBAC extended security model based on department attributes is a system rights management solution with strong security and practicability.
Enlightenment from International experiences on air pollution control in airport areas to China
Authors: Zhu Xiulian , Cui Qing , Liu Chunhong , Chen Fan
Published: November 2022

The construction of China’s management and prevention and control system regarding air pollutants in airport area is of great significance to improve the regional ambient air quality in Chinese cities. By analyzing the deficiencies of air pollution control in airport areas in China and sorting out the international experience in pollution control, this paper proposes to improve the standard system of aircraft engine emission, establish a database of aircraft engine emission coefficients, carry out technical research on assessment of atmospheric impact caused by aviation emission, and explore the multiple prevention and control paths of aircraft pollution.
Effects of planimetric position of delamination on compressive failure of composite laminates
Authors: Chen Shaoxiong , Zhu Shuhua
Published: November 2022

Delamination is the main defect form of composite laminates. The strength and stiffness of composite laminates are greatly decreased due to delamination defects. In this paper, the FE model of composite laminates with delamination was established. And the nonlinear post-buckling response of composite laminates was investigated. The validity of the FE model was verified by comparing the analysis results with the experimental results. And a detailed parametric study was performed on the effects of planimetric position on the post-buckling behavior of laminates. Results show that the buckling mode does not depend on the planimetric position of the delamination; the closer the delamination is to the center, the greater the reduction of compressive strength.
Image enhancement with luminance preserving is a false proposition and others
Authors: Xie Zhengxiang , Liu Yuhong , Zhu Rui , Wang Tichun
Published: November 2022

The “image enhancement with luminance preservation” is a self-conflict proposition. Researchers, including propositional proposer Kim, gave the index AMBE (absolute mean luminance error) to judge if the “luminance preserving”, however, which just proved that the image enhancement with “luminance preserving” cannot be realized. We have proved that the visual quality of an image is a function of the image average luminance with convex feature. The image cannot be enhanced with luminance preservation, and the luminance cannot be preserved with image being enhanced. The visual perception quality of an image is not equal to the image contrast. We can experimentally prove what the higher the contrast of the image, the better the visual quality of the image is not true.
Development of a hybrid raindrop generator based on tribo-nanotechnology
Authors: Yan Jingping , Han Hu , Zhang Chenglei , Li Zhenya
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of modern industrial society, the energy crisis has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in modern society. Electric energy is one of the indispensable energy sources in the current society, and its production has always been concerned by more and more people. Based on the existing raindrop generators, a new raindrop generator, which can make full use of raindrop energy to generate electricity by means of triboelectric nanogenerators and cutting the magnetic line of force, is proposed to solve the current renewable energy power generation problem. Its brief construction model and its application prospects are given by this generator. Preliminary calculations show that the energy conversion efficiency of the hybrid system is about 50%, which improves the conversion efficiency of raindrop energy to electric energy and has good practical value.
A de novo Stereocontrolled Synthetic Approach to a Functionalized Indolizidine Core
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Nonn Melinda , Escorihuela Jorge
Published: November 2022

A convenient domino synthetic approach for the construction of the indolizidine core in diastereoselective manner has been developed from inexpensive starting compounds, providing triple functionalization. The novel synthetic route started from β-lactam derived from 1,5-cyclooctadiene including a ring-opening metathesis/cross-metathesis sequence as key steps with methyl acrylate followed by intramolecular ring closure across an aza-Michael addition. The process gave functionalized indolizidine framework with stereocontrol in high yields. DFT calculations supported the experimentally observed stereoselective reaction.
A Twenty-Year Survey in Low-Valent Cobalt-Catalyzed Transformations Comes to an End – A Farewell
Authors: Hilt Gerhard
Published: November 2022

In this Account, I report the start of my independent career, concerning cobalt-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond formations and the twenty-year long journey to the final decision to abandon the field. Some highlights, such as the regiodiverse neutral Diels–Alder reaction and the cobalt versus ruthenium-catalyzed Alder-ene reaction are discussed. Besides such highlights, also some aspects that led to unpleasant experiences are reported from a personal point of view.

1 Introduction

2 The Regiodivergent Neutral-Diels–Alder Reaction

3 The Chemoselective [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes and Nitriles

4 The Cobalt-Catalyzed Alder-ene Reaction

5 The Isomerization of Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds

6 The Final Chord

7 Conclusion
High-performance optical control of GPCR signaling by bistable animal opsins MosOpn3 and LamPP in a molecular property–dependent manner
Authors: Koyanagi Mitsumasa , Shen Baoguo , Nagata Takashi , Sun Lanfang , Wada Seiji , Kamimura Satomi , Kage-Nakadai Eriko , Terakita Akihisa
Published: November 2022

Optical control of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is a highly valuable approach for comprehensive understanding of GPCR-based physiologies and controlling them precisely. However, optogenetics for GPCR signaling is still developing and requires effective and versatile tools with performance evaluation from their molecular properties. Here, we systematically investigated performance of two bistable opsins that activate Gi/Go-type G protein (mosquito Opn3 (MosOpn3) and lamprey parapinopsin (LamPP)) in optical control in vivo using
Caenorhabditis elegans
. Transgenic worms expressing MosOpn3, which binds 13-
cis
retinal to form photopigments, in nociceptor neurons showed light-induced avoidance responses in the presence of all-
trans
retinal, a retinal isomer ubiquitously present in every tissue, like microbial rhodopsins and unlike canonical vertebrate opsins. Remarkably, transgenic worms expressing MosOpn3 were ~7,000 times more sensitive to light than transgenic worms expressing ChR2 in this light-induced behavior, demonstrating the advantage of MosOpn3 as a light switch. LamPP is a UV-sensitive bistable opsin having complete photoregenerative ability by green light. Accordingly, transgenic worms expressing LamPP in cholinergic motor neurons stopped moving upon violet light illumination and restored coordinate movement upon green light illumination, demonstrating color-dependent control of behavior using LamPP. Furthermore, we applied molecular engineering to produce MosOpn3-based tools enabling light-dependent upregulation of cAMP or Ca
2+
levels and LamPP-based tool enabling clamping cAMP levels color dependently and context independently, extending their usability. These findings define the capacity of two bistable opsins with similar retinal requirement as ChR2, providing numerous strategies for optical control of various GPCR-based physiologies as well as GPCR signaling itself.
Crystallography of honeycomb formation under geometric frustration
Authors: Fard Golnar Gharooni , Zhang Daisy , Jiménez Francisco López , Peleg Orit
Published: November 2022

As honeybees build their nests in preexisting tree cavities, they must deal with the presence of geometric constraints, resulting in nonregular hexagons and topological defects in the comb. In this work, we study how bees adapt to their environment in order to regulate the comb structure. Specifically, we identify the irregularities in honeycomb structure in the presence of various geometric frustrations. We 3D-print experimental frames with a variety of constraints imposed on the imprinted foundations. The combs constructed by the bees show clear evidence of recurring patterns in response to specific geometric frustrations on these starter frames. Furthermore, using an experimental-modeling framework, we demonstrate that these patterns can be successfully modeled and replicated through a simulated annealing process, in which the minimized potential is a variation of the Lennard-Jones potential that considers only first-neighbor interactions according to a Delaunay triangulation. Our simulation results not only confirm the connection between honeycomb structures and other crystal systems such as graphene, but also show that irregularities in the honeycomb structure can be explained as the result of analogous interactions between cells and their immediate surroundings, leading to emergent global order. Additionally, our computational model can be used as a first step to describe specific strategies that bees use to effectively solve geometric mismatches while minimizing cost of comb building.
Memory can induce oscillations of microparticles in nonlinear viscoelastic media and cause a giant enhancement of driven diffusion
Authors: Goychuk Igor
Published: November 2022

We investigate analytically and numerically a basic model of driven Brownian motion with a velocity-dependent friction coefficient in nonlinear viscoelastic media featured by a stress plateau at intermediate shear velocities and profound memory effects. For constant force driving, we show that nonlinear oscillations of a microparticle velocity and position emerge by a Hopf bifurcation at a small critical force (first dynamical phase transition), where the friction’s nonlinearity seems to be wholly negligible. They also disappear by a second Hopf bifurcation at a much larger force value (second dynamical phase transition). The bifurcation diagram is found in an analytical form confirmed by numerics. Surprisingly, the particles’ inertial and the medium’s nonlinear properties remain crucial even in a parameter regime where they were earlier considered entirely negligible. Depending on the force and other parameters, the amplitude of oscillations can significantly exceed the size of the particles, and their period can span several time decades, primarily determined by the memory time of the medium. Such oscillations can also be thermally excited near the edges of dynamical phase transitions. The second dynamical phase transition combined with thermally induced stochastic limit cycle oscillations leads to a giant enhancement of diffusion over the limit of vast driving forces, where an effective linearization of stochastic dynamics occurs.
An autoactive
NB-LRR
gene causes
Rht13
dwarfism in wheat
Authors: Borrill Philippa , Mago Rohit , Xu Tianyuan , Ford Brett , Williams Simon J. , Derkx Adinda , Bovill William D. , Hyles Jessica , Bhatt Dhara , Xia Xiaodi , MacMillan Colleen , White Rosemary , Buss Wolfram , Molnár István , Walkowiak Sean , Olsen Odd-Arne , Doležel Jaroslav , Pozniak Curtis J. , Spielmeyer Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Semidwarfing genes have greatly increased wheat yields globally, yet the widely used gibberellin (GA)-insensitive genes
Rht-B1b
and
Rht-D1b
have disadvantages for seedling emergence. Use of the GA-sensitive semidwarfing gene
Rht13
avoids this pleiotropic effect. Here, we show that
Rht13
encodes a
nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat
(
NB-LRR
) gene. A point mutation in the semidwarf
Rht-B13b
allele autoactivates the
NB-LRR
gene and causes a height reduction comparable with
Rht-B1b
and
Rht-D1b
in diverse genetic backgrounds. The autoactive
Rht-B13b
allele leads to transcriptional up-regulation of pathogenesis-related genes including class III peroxidases associated with cell wall remodeling.
Rht13
represents a new class of reduced height (
Rht
) gene, unlike other
Rht
genes, which encode components of the GA signaling or metabolic pathways. This discovery opens avenues to use autoactive
NB-LRR
genes as semidwarfing genes in a range of crop species, and to apply
Rht13
in wheat breeding programs using a perfect genetic marker.
A proteome-wide map of chaperone-assisted protein refolding in a cytosol-like milieu
Authors: To Philip , Xia Yingzi , Lee Sea On , Devlin Taylor , Fleming Karen G. , Fried Stephen D.
Published: November 2022

The journey by which proteins navigate their energy landscapes to their native structures is complex, involving (and sometimes requiring) many cellular factors and processes operating in partnership with a given polypeptide chain’s intrinsic energy landscape. The cytosolic environment and its complement of chaperones play critical roles in granting many proteins safe passage to their native states; however, it is challenging to interrogate the folding process for large numbers of proteins in a complex background with most biophysical techniques. Hence, most chaperone-assisted protein refolding studies are conducted in defined buffers on single purified clients. Here, we develop a limited proteolysis–mass spectrometry approach paired with an isotope-labeling strategy to globally monitor the structures of refolding 
Escherichia coli
proteins in the cytosolic medium and with the chaperones, GroEL/ES (Hsp60) and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE (Hsp70/40). GroEL can refold the majority (85%) of the
E. coli
proteins for which we have data and is particularly important for restoring acidic proteins and proteins with high molecular weight, trends that come to light because our assay measures the structural outcome of the refolding process itself, rather than binding or aggregation. For the most part, DnaK and GroEL refold a similar set of proteins, supporting the view that despite their vastly different structures, these two chaperones unfold misfolded states, as one mechanism in common. Finally, we identify a cohort of proteins that are intransigent to being refolded with either chaperone. We suggest that these proteins may fold most efficiently cotranslationally, and then remain kinetically trapped in their native conformations.
Structure of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
Authors: Ji Liting , Zhao Lixia , Xu Ke , Gao Huihan , Zhou Yang , Kornberg Roger D. , Zhang Heqiao
Published: November 2022

Nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4 (NuA4), one of two major histone acetyltransferase complexes in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 specifically acetylates histone H2A and H4, resulting in increased transcriptional activity. Here we present a 3.8–4.0 Å resolution structure of the NuA4 complex from cryoelectron microscopy and associated biochemical studies. The determined structure comprises six subunits and appropriately 5,000 amino acids, with a backbone formed by subunits Eaf1 and Eaf2 spanning from an Actin-Arp4 module to a platform subunit Tra1. Seven subunits are missing from the cryo-EM map. The locations of missing components, Yaf9, and three subunits of the Piccolo module Esa1, Yng2, and Eaf6 were determined. Biochemical studies showed that the Piccolo module and the complete NuA4 exhibit comparable histone acetyltransferase activities, but the Piccolo module binds to nucleosomes, whereas the complete NuA4 does not. The interaction lifetime of NuA4 and nucleosome is evidently short, possibly because of subunits of the NuA4 complex that diminish the affinity of the Piccolo module for the nucleosome, enabling rapid movement from nucleosome to nucleosome.
Dialogic meaning-making in political settings
Authors: Weizman Elda , Livnat Zohar
Published: November 2022

The goal of this special issue is to investigate the forms and functions of dialogicity in political discourse.
Starting with the premise that the boundaries between monologue and dialogue are blurred in contemporary political discourse in
general and in mediated political discourse in particular, it sets up to explore how dialogical features, manifest in situated
discourse in various degrees of explicitness, are exploited by participants in the political arena, be they professional
politicians, semi-professional activists or ordinary people, for various purposes.
In situ dispersed carbon fibre network for reinforcing a C/C composite–TC4 alloy brazed joint
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Ju Zhenjiang , Butt Hassaan , Li Guokun , Zhao Tianmou , Mo Zhao , Li Manni , Wang Zhijie
Published: November 2022

In this work, a robust brazed joint of carbon fibre-reinforced carbon-based (C/C) composite and TC4 alloy was produced by utilising a slice of C/C as an interlayer. The C/C slice interlayer caused microstructural and mechanical property enhancement. During brazing, massive in situ formed carbon fibres broke away from the C/C slice bundles and were distributed in a three-dimensional interlocked network. These unique fibres consumed excessive Ti to inhibit the formation of excess brittle Ti–Cu compounds in the brazing seam. This reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion effectively, consequently relieving the high residual stress in the joint interface. The average shear strength of the joint brazed with the C/C slice interlayer reached 1.65 times higher than the directly brazed one.
Flat top optical frequency combs based on a single-core quantum cascade laser at the wavelength of ~8.7 μm
Authors: Yu Ma , Wei-Jiang Li , Yun-Fei Xu , Jun-Qi Liu , Ning Zhuo , Ke Yang , Jin-Chuan Zhang , Shen-Qiang Zhai , Shu-Man Liu , Li-Jun Wang , Feng-Qi Liu
Published: November 2022

We present optical frequency combs with a spectral emission of 48 cm-1 and an output power of 420 mW based on a single-core quantum cascade laser at λ~8.7 μm. A flat top spectrum sustains up to 130 comb modes delivering ~3.2 mW of optical power per mode, making it a valuable tool for dual comb spectroscopy. The homogeneous gain medium, relying on a slightly-diagonal bound-to-continuum structure, promises to provide broad and stable gain for comb operating. Remarkably, the dispersion of this device is measured within 300 fs2/mm to ensure stable comb operation over 90% of the total current range. The comb is observed with a narrow beatnote linewidth around 2 kHz and has weak dependence on the applied current for stable comb operation.
Analytical and numerical study of chirped optical solitons in a spatially inhomogeneous polynomial law fiber with parity-time symmetry potential
Authors: Zhong Yu , Triki Houria , Zhou Qin
Published: November 2022

This work studies the dynamical transmission of chirped optical solitons in a spatially inhomogeneous nonlinear fiber with cubic-quintic-septic nonlinearity, weak nonlocal nonlinearity, self-frequency shift and parity-time (




) symmetry potential. A generalized variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation that models the dynamical evolution of solitons has been investigated by the analytical method of similarity transformation and the numerical mixed method of split-step Fourier method and Runge–Kutta method. The analytical self-similar bright and kink solitons, as well as their associated frequency chirps, are derived for the first time. We found that the amplitude of the bright and kink solitons can be controlled by adjusting the imaginary part of the 




-symmetric potential. Moreover, the influence of the initial chirp parameter on the soliton pulse widths is quantitatively analyzed. It is worth emphasizing that we could control the chirp whether it is linear or nonlinear by adjusting optical fiber parameters. The simulation results of bright and kink solitons fit perfectly with the analytical ones, and the stabilities of these soliton solutions against noises are checked by numerical simulation.
Numerical Analysis about the Dynamic Properties of a Pressure Relief Valve and Improvement Measures
Authors: Dong Haibo , Li Shaoteng , Xu Chunguang , Liu Jun
Published: November 2022

In order to investigate the influence of internal flow field on the dynamic characteristics of a pressure reducing valve, based on the new discrete geometric conservation law and high-order coupling algorithm, numerical simulations of the dynamic characteristics have been performed. The three-dimensional unsteady integral forms of ALE equation is solved by finite volume scheme based on the spring analogy method and dynamic grid. The novel techniques of virtual mesh ventilation method is adopted to solve the problem when multiple bodies move from contact to separation and the mesh topology changes. The results show that the outlet pressure of valve oscillates within wide range upstream pressurization rate, the average pressure is close to the theoretical value of static performance design; numerical simulation reappears vibration divergence which is similar to the test phenomenon, flutter phenomenon is caused by the interfere between aerodynamic force and dynamic systems. By modifying the method, the fault can be eliminated.
Scheduling Scheme Optimization for Emergency Resources on a Deep-sea Considering Environmental Impacts
Authors: Wang Ya-jie , Fan Jian-chun , Wu Sheng-nan
Published: November 2022

An efficient and timely emergency response to a major accident is more challenging for the exploration and utilization of deep-sea oil and gas fields due to harsh external environment factors. An optimal solution is needed to tackle the external environment changes in the demand for emergency resources. To effectively balance emergency response time and the satisfaction of resource scheduling quantity, this paper proposes a multiple rescue points and multi-objective optimization model to address such challenges. Such model takes into account the environment factors involving wind speed and wave height caused by the variability of the deep-sea monsoon climate. Additionally, to handle the uncertainty of the resource demand at the accident sites, a linear programming and heuristic hybrid algorithm is proposed to help decision makers select the ideal routes and minimal scheduling time of deep-sea emergency resources, as well as the optimal operation season. A case study of a blowout accident is conducted to demonstrate the application of the proposed model and the real-world implications.
Synthesis of Carbon from Yellowfin Tuna Fishbone to Remove Iron (Fe) Metal in Well Water from Bandar Setia
Authors: Ritonga Fatima Sari , Humaidi Syahrul , Sitorus Zuriah
Published: November 2022

The performance of tuna fishbone waste as carbon to remove iron (Fe) metal from well water was studied. The parameters of carbon synthesis were set by varying the carbonization temperature of 300, 400, and 500°C. Fishbone carbon was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and SSA (nitrogen adsorption). The BET and (BJH) analysis showed that the increase in carbon surface area and pore size was proportional to the increase in carbonization temperature. Fishbone carbon was used as a filtration medium to reduce high levels of iron metal in well water. Samples were taken from wells belonging to residents in Bandar Setia, Medan Tembung. Fishbone carbon was effective as an adsorbent for removing iron metal from well water by the filtration method. The rate of iron removal was 99% for fishbone carbon, carbonized at 400°C.
Colorimetric Sensor for Measuring Bleaching Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) Content in Wheat Flour Based on Perovskite CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Bahtiar A , Ginanjar G G
Published: November 2022

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is one of the bleaching agents for flour that is widely used in food products, such as bread and noodles, which if consumed continuously can cause health problems. An excess of BPO in the body will cause vertigo, vomiting, neurasthenia, and a variety of diseases, resulting in serious damage to the liver and other organs. In this work, a colorimetric sensor using CsPbBr3 nanocrystal (NC) was studied to measure the BPO concentration in the solution. The halogen ion exchange reaction between CsPbBr3 NCs and iodine (I−) was carried out by adding oleylammonium iodide (OLAM-I) to the CsPbBr3 NC solution. The results show that the originally green emission of CsPbBr3 NC (515 nm) is turned into red-pink (660 nm) after addition with OLAM-I due to iodide ions exchange with bromide ions in CsPbBr3 NCs. The wavelength shift was occurred rapidly, only in 1 minute. The emission of CsPbBr3+OLAM-I (660 nm) solution was blue-shifted rapidly within 1-2 minutes after BPO addition. The magnitude of the emission wavelength shift proportional to the concentration of BPO concentration, with a higher concentration leads a higher wavelength shift (Δλ). Therefore, this wavelength shift can be used as rapid and real-time sensor for detecting BPO content in the real samples of white flour and noodles.
The Analysis of Triaxial Passive Seismic Signal Data Using Python Scripting Language
Authors: Fazriati Evi , Bahri Ayi Syaeful , Rosandi Yudi
Published: November 2022

The local geological and the physical conditions of earth’s ground defines its vibration characteristics. Such vibrations can be detected using conventional passive seismic methods, i.e., a microtremor recording method, which acquires ground vibration data in a suitable sampling time. The method utilizes natural seismic sources, originating from both natural and artificial sources. In this work we present the algorithm to process passive seismic signals, recorded from a laboratory developed triaxial seismic logging device. We use python scripting language to perform the signal processing work. We analyzed the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) of the signal to determine the on-site natural frequency. The results were compared to the reference data from a high sensitivity microtremor apparatus, at the exact same location. The results show a fair agreement between the low sensitivity and the high sensitivity seismometer, on the sites with low environmental disturbance. However, the values fluctuate significantly at noisy sites. Either way, our results measure the correct dominant frequencies as expected from the geological condition.
Design and optimization of the CEPC scintillator hadronic calorimeter
Authors: Shi Yukun , Zhang Yunlong , Ruan Manqi , Liu Jianbei
Published: November 2022

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a next-generation electron–positron collider proposed for precision measurement of the properties of the Higgs boson. A major challenge for the CEPC detector is achieving a boson mass resolution (BMR) of 4%, which is required to separate the Higgs, Z, and W bosons in their hadronic decays. The baseline design of the CEPC detector was guided by the particle flow algorithm (PFA) concept to satisfy the BMR requirements. The BMR performance obtained by the PFA approach is primarily determined by the shower separation capability and energy resolution of the calorimeters of the detector system. A hadronic calorimeter with high granularity is crucial for providing the required separation power and energy resolution for the desired BMR. In this context, the analogue hadron calorimeter (AHCAL), a scintillator hadronic calorimeter with analogue readout, is a potential hadronic calorimeter option for the CEPC detector. In this study, key design parameters of the AHCAL, including scintillator cell size, number of sampling layers, absorber thickness, and scintillator thickness, were optimized for BMR performance on the benchmark process of e
+
e
- ⟶ νν̅H,H ⟶ gg. Notably, herein, a set of optimized design parameters is presented for the CEPC AHCAL that meets the required BMR with reduced readout channels. Specifically, the set of proposed AHCAL design parameters is as follows: 40 sampling layers, 20 mm steel thickness, and 40× 40× 3 mm3 scintillator size for every tile. This design achieves a BMR of 3.73% and remarkably reduces the number of readout channels.
Climate Change Induced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment - for Aiding Climate Resilient Planning for Road Infrastructure: A Case Study in Rangamati District, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Authors: Wijaya I P K , Joshi A , Alam M N , Jayasinghe S , Laila N
Published: November 2022

Climate change induced extreme hydro-meteorological conditions have increased the prevalence of landslides in the hilly and geologically fragile region of Chittagong Hill Tract districts (including Rangamati) in Bangladesh. These landslides have attributed to significant damages to transportation infrastructures such as roads and bridge. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of landslides due to extreme rainfall events under different climate change scenarios in Rangamati district. We developed high-resolution 1km x 1km downscaled extreme rainfall projections under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for baseline period 1976-2005 and for future time horizons 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s. Based on these extreme rainfall scenarios, the combination of the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques were applied to map and analyse the landslide susceptibility maps. Nine multi-variate factors contributing to the landslides were considered including terrain slope, aspect, elevation, lithology, soil, distance from the lineaments, distance from the stream, land use and mean annual rainfall in four different time periods for scenario RCPs. Further, an Area Under the Curve (AUC) approach was used to evaluate the quality of the model A total of seven landslide susceptibility maps were developed and classified into five susceptible classes. The models were validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) approach, which showed a satisfactory result of 80-86 percent accuracy.
The Effect of Clay-Soil on Landslide: Case Study from Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Budianta W , Ohta H , Takemura J
Published: November 2022

Landslides are caused by triggering factors such as rainfall, geological factor, geotechnical properties of surface rock, and human activity. Weathering is an essential phenomenon that generates clay minerals and influences the landslide mechanism because the process will reduce rock mass resistance. In the study area, intensive rain contributed to the weathering and increased the water content in the clay soil that affected the stability of the slopes. The clay mineral in the soil in the study area was investigated. The type of clays was determined by plasticity index and liquid limit value and X-Ray diffraction analysis. Some geotechnical properties also were determined, including grain size, shear strength, and atterberg limit. As a result, the clay minerals within the study area’s volcanic rock formations play an important role in causing landslides because of illite and smectite, which reduce shear strengths and have high swelling potentials.