bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of assessing the quality of modern education
Authors: Шевченко Н.Н. , Шевченко В.И.
Published: December 2021

Актуальность заявленной проблемы обусловлена повышением качества системы непрерывного образования на современном этапе его модернизации. Цель статьи заключается в раскрытии традиционных подходов к оценке качественных показателей современного образования. Представлен анализ существующих трактовок дефиниции «качество образования»; раскрыто проблемное поле зарубежных исследований, связанных с качеством высшего образования; рассматриваются качественные характеристики образования в зарубежных университетах. В статье с позиций отечественных ученых отражены основные критерии качества высшего образования; выделены существующие недостатки, связанные с качеством образования в России на этапе реформирования в направлении интеграции в мировое образовательное пространство. На основе анализа социологических исследований раскрыты основные проблемы, связанные с качеством высшего и общего среднего образования.

The urgency of the stated problem is due to the improvement in the quality of the continuous education system at the present stage of its modernization. The purpose of the article is to reveal traditional approaches to assessing the quality indicators of modern education. The analysis of existing interpretations of the definition of "quality of education" is presented; the problematic field of foreign studies related to the quality of higher education is revealed; the qualitative characteristics of education in foreign universities are considered. The article reflects the main criteria for the quality of higher education from the standpoint of domestic scientists; highlighted the existing shortcomings associated with the quality of education in Russia at the stage of reforming towards integration into the world educational space. Based on the analysis of sociological research, the main problems associated with the quality of higher and general secondary education are revealed.
The effect of extracurricular activities on the adaptation of schoolchildren in a general education institution
Authors: Корецкая И.А. , Мамчур П.В.
Published: December 2021

Одной из обязательных частей процесса адаптации личности в социуме считается адаптация обучающихся в образовательном учреждении. Наиболее сложным периодом школьной адаптации можно считать переход ребёнка из начального школьного звена в среднее, который характеризуется новыми условиями, формами обучения и сменой преподавательского состава. Именно в пятом классе к школьнику впервые предъявляется множество различных требований. Кроме того, этот период совпадает с началом раннего подросткового возраста у школьников, считающегося наиболее сложным периодом развития личности.
Целью нашего исследования было рассмотреть специфику дополнительного образования как одного из факторов, оказывающего влияние на формирование социально-психологической адаптивности у школьников, и выявить особенности обучения детей младшего подросткового возраста, посещающих внешкольные занятия.
В качестве основных методик исследования применялись: «Шкала личностной тревожности» А.М. Прихожан, методика социализированности личности учащегося М.И. Рожкова, «Рисунок социальной сети». Выбор данных методик был обусловлен возрастными особенностями участников исследования и позволил сделать подробный и комплексный анализ их уровня адаптации.
Результаты исследования позволили создать рекомендации для психолого-педагогической коррекционной работы, направленные на преодоление адаптационных и коммуникативных сложностей у школьников.

One of the mandatory parts of the process of adaptation of a person in society is the adaptation of students in an educational institution. One of the most difficult periods of school adaptation can be considered the transition of a child from primary school to secondary, which is characterized by new conditions, forms of education and a change in teaching staff. It is in the fifth grade that a student is first presented with many different requirements. In addition, this period coincides with the onset of early adolescence in schoolchildren, which is considered the most difficult period in personality development.
The aim of the study was to consider the specifics of additional education as one of the factors influencing the formation of socio-psychological adaptability in schoolchildren, and to identify the peculiarities of teaching children of early adolescence who attend extracurricular activities.
The main research methods used were: “Scale of personal anxiety” by A.M. Prihozhan, the method of socialization of the student's personality M.I. Rozhkova, "Drawing of a Social Network." The choice of these methods was due to the age characteristics of the study participants and made it possible to make a detailed and comprehensive analysis of their level of adaptation.
The results of the study made it possible to create recommendations for psychological and pedagogical correctional work aimed at overcoming adaptive and communicative difficulties in schoolchildren.
RETROSPECTIVE AND CONTRADICTIONS OF CREATING ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Master of Arts, Assistant Professor, Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nabiyev A.S. , Pomorov S.B. ,   Doctor of Architecture, Professor, Director, Altai State Technical University named after I.I. Polzunov, Barnaul, Russia
Published: December 2021

The research article examines the retrospective of the creation of architectural projects, systematizes the experience of architects, reveals contradictions in the development of digital architecture and its relationship with traditional design. At the same time, the problems of the development of digital architecture in the context of the formation of digital civilization are noted. The tendencies of designing objects based on non-Euclidean geometry are revealed, the features of postmodernism and parametrism are systematized, the threats and consequences of the "from figure to form" approach are substantiated.
Detection of invA and blaCTM-genes in Salmonella spp isolated from febrile patients in Lagos hospitals, Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Kabiru O. , Fakorede Christopher O. , Abegunrin Rebecca O. , Ajoseh Samuel O. , Anjorin Abdul-Azeez A. , Amisu Kehinde O. , Opere Bolanle O. , Moro Dauphin  D.
Published: December 2021

Salmonella infections remain a global challenge. The culture method is the gold standard for the detection of genus Salmonella. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has become an effective tool for the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella by culture and detection of invA gene and blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 gene markers by PCR. A total of 612 blood samples were collected from hospitalized febrile patients between March 2020 and April 2021. The samples were cultured, isolates identified by standard method with Analytical Profile Index (API 20-E) kits and were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection was carried out by double-disc synergy test. Detection of invA gene and antibiotic-resistant genes makers was done by qPCR. A total of 24 Salmonella isolates were identified given a prevalence of 3.9% Salmonella-associated bacteraemia. Children within 1-10 years with persistent pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) accounted for 50% of the Salmonella isolated with a mean age of 5.299 years. Specifically, 75% (18/24) Salmonella isolates and their corresponding samples of positive Salmonella culture were positive for the invA gene. The AST results indicated 100% Salmonella isolates developed resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime , augmentin, ampicillin, ertapenem, and doripenem. None of drug resistant-Salmonella isolates expressed ESBL enzyme phenotypically. Seven resistance patterns were observed, and the pattern CAZ-CTX-OFL-AUG-NIT-AMP-ETR-DOR was the most encountered pattern. Twelve (50%) Salmonella isolates harbored the blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes and were mostly from children. The study has added to the growing knowledge on the suitability of the invA gene primer set as a PCR target for the detection of Salmonella. It also revealed a paradigm shift in the occurrence of invasive Salmonella harboring blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes in PUO cases. There is a need for judicious use of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics to preserve their efficacies.
ANALISA NILAI TUKAR PETANI DI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Rezi Abdurrahman  , Lukman Hakim
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence the farmer's exchange rate (the ratio of the price index received by farmers to the price index paid by farmers) in the food crops sub-sector in Riau Province. The data collected in this study is data published by the Central Statistics Agency of Riau Province. The data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS 22. The test results show that the level of expenditure has a negative and significant effect on the exchange rate of farmers in the food crop sub-sector, this can be seen from the value of tcount (-2.475) < ttable (2.44691) with a significant value of 0.048 < 0.05. Harvested area has a significant positive effect on the exchange rate of farmers in the food crop sub-sector, this can be seen from the value of tcount (4.441) < ttable (2.44691) with a significant value of 0.004 <0.05. Meanwhile, the food import variable has no significant effect on the exchange rate of farmers in the food crop sub-sector, this can be seen from the value of tcount (2.273) < ttable (2.44691) with a significant value of 0.063 > 0.05, with a value of Fcount (12.476) > Ftable , (4,35).
An experimental study of the reactivity of terpinolene and β-caryophyllene with the nitrate radical
Authors: Fouqueau Axel , Cirtog Manuela , Cazaunau Mathieu , Pangui Edouard , Doussin Jean-François , Picquet-Varrault Bénédicte
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are subject to an intense emission by forests and crops into the atmosphere. They can rapidly react with the nitrate radical (NO3) during nighttime to form number of functionalized products. Among them, organic nitrates (ON) have been shown to behave as reservoirs of reactive nitrogen and consequently influence the ozone budget and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) which are known to have a direct and indirect effect on the radiative balance, and thus on climate. Nevertheless, BVOCs + NO3 reactions remain poorly understood. Thus, the primary purpose of the follow-up study is to furnish new kinetic and mechanistic data for one monoterpenes (C10H16), terpinolene, and one sesquiterpene (C15H24), β-caryophyllene, using simulation chamber experiments. These two compounds have been chosen in order to fill the lack of experimental data. Rate constants have been measured using both relative and absolute methods. They have been measured to be (5.5 ± 3.8) × 10−11 and (1.7 ± 1.4) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for terpinolene and β-caryophyllene respectively. Mechanistic studies have also been conducted in order to identify and quantify the main reaction products. Total organic nitrates and SOA yields have been determined. Both terpenes appear to be major ON precursors both in gas and particle phase with formation yields of 69 % for terpinolene and 79 % for β-caryophyllene respectively. They also are major SOA precursor, with maximum SOA yields of around 60 % for both of the compounds. In order to support these observations, chemical analyses of the gas phase products were performed at the molecular scale using PTR-TOF-MS and FTIR. Detected products allowed proposing chemical mechanisms and providing explanations through peroxy and alkoxy reaction pathways.
Siberian Arctic black carbon: gas flaring and wildfire impact
Authors: Popovicheva Olga B. , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Kobelev Vasilii O. , Chichaeva Marina A. , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Gregorič Asta , Kasimov Nikolay S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. As explained in the latest Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) report released in early 2021, the Arctic has warmed three times more quickly than the planet as a whole, and faster than previously thought. The Siberian Arctic is of great interest largely because observations are sparse or largely lacking. A research aerosol station has been developed on the Bely Island, Kara Sea, in Western Siberia. Measurements of equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations were carried out at the “Island Bely” station continuously from August 2019 to November 2020. The source origin of the measured EBC, and the main contributing sources were assessed using atmospheric transport modelling coupled with the most updated emission inventories for anthropogenic and biomass burning sources of BC. The obtained BC climatology for BC during the period of measurements showed a seasonal variation comprising the highest concentrations between December and April (60 ± 92 ng/m3) and the lowest between June and September (18 ± 72 ng/m3), typical of the Arctic Haze seasonality reported elsewhere. When air masses arrived at the station through the biggest oil and gas extraction regions of Kazakhstan, Volga-Ural, Komi, Nenets and Western Siberia, BC contribution from gas flaring dominated over domestic, industrial, and traffic sectors, ranging from 47 to 68 %, with a maximum contribution in January. When air was transported from Europe during the cold season, emissions from transportation became important. Accordingly, shipping emissions increased due to the touristic cruise activities and the ice retreat in summertime. Biomass burning (BB) played the biggest role between April and October, contributing 81 % at maximum in June. Long-range transport of BB aerosols appear to induce large variability to the Absorption Ångström Exponent (AAE) with values ranging from 1.2 to 1.4. As regards to the continental contribution to surface BC at the “Island Bely” station, Russian emissions dominated during the whole year, while European and Asian emissions contributed up to 20 % in the cold period. Quantification of several pollution episodes showed an increasing trend in surface concentrations and frequency during the cold period as the station is directly in the Siberian gateway of the highest anthropogenic pollution to the Russian Arctic.
Measurement report: High contributions of halocarbon and aromatic compounds to atmospheric volatile organic compounds in an industrial area
Authors: Mozaffar Ahsan , Zhang Yan-Lin , Lin Yu-Chi , Xie Feng , Fan Mei-Yi , Cao Fang
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key components of tropospheric chemistry. We investigated ambient VOCs in an industrial area in Nanjing, China, between July 2018 and May 2020. The sum of the suite of measured total VOC (TVOC) concentrations was 59.8 ± 28.6 ppbv (part per billion by volume) during the investigation period. About twice the TVOC concentrations were observed in the autumn (83 ± 20 ppbv) and winter (77.5 ± 16.8 ppbv) seasons compared to those in spring (39.6 ± 13.1 ppbv) and summer (38.8 ± 10.2 ppbv). In previous studies in Nanjing, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and halocarbons were not measured, and the current TVOC concentration without halocarbons and OVOCs was similar to the previous investigation in the same study area. However, it was twofold higher than the one reported in the nonindustrial suburban area of Nanjing. Due to the industrial influence, the halocarbons VOC group (14.3 ± 7.3 ppbv, 24 %) was the second-largest contributor to the TVOCs after alkanes (21 ± 7 ppbv, 35 %), which is in contrast with the previous studies in Nanjing and also in almost all other
regions in China. Relatively high proportions of halocarbons and aromatics
were observed in autumn (25.7 % and 19.3 %, respectively) and winter (25.8 % and 17.6 %, respectively) compared to those in summer (20.4 % and 11.8 %, respectively) and spring (20.3 % and 13.6 %, respectively). According to the potential source contribution function (PSCF), short-distance transport from the surrounding industrial areas and cities was the main reason for the high VOC concentrations in the study area. According to positive matrix factorization (PMF) model results, vehicle-related emissions (33 %–48 %) contributed to the major portion of the ambient VOC concentrations. Aromatics, followed by alkenes, were the top contributors to the loss rate of OH radicals (LOH; 37 % and 32 %, respectively). According to the empirical kinetic modelling approach (EKMA) and relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analysis, the study area was in the VOC-sensitive regime for ozone (O3) formation during all measurement seasons. Therefore, alkenes and aromatics emissions from automobiles need to be decreased to reduce secondary air pollution formation in the study area.
Impact of second-trip echoes for space-borne high-pulse-repetition-frequency nadir-looking W-band cloud radars
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The appearance of second-trip echoes generated by mirror images over the ocean and by multiple scattering tails in correspondence with deep convective cores has been investigated for space-borne nadir-looking W-band cloud radar observations. Examples extracted from the CloudSat radar are used to demonstrate the mechanisms of formation and to validate the modelling of such returns. A statistical analysis shows that, for CloudSat observations, second-trip echoes are rare and appear only above 20 km (thus easy to remove). CloudSat climatology is then used to estimate the occurrence of second-trip echoes in the different configurations envisaged for the operations of the EarthCARE radar, which will adopt pulse repetition frequencies much higher than the one used by the CloudSat radar in order to improve its Doppler capabilities. Our findings predict that the presence of such echoes in EarthCARE observations cannot be neglected: in particular, over the ocean, mirror images will tend to populate the EarthCARE sampling window with a maximum frequency at its upper boundary. This will create an additional fake cloud cover in the upper troposphere (of the order of 3 % at the top of the sampling window and steadily decreasing moving downwards), and, in much less frequent instances, it will cause an amplification of signals in areas where clouds are already present. Multiple scattering tails will also produce second-trip echoes but with much lower frequencies: less than 1 profile out of 1000 in the tropics and practically no effects at high latitudes. At the moment, level-2 algorithms of the EarthCARE radar do not account for such occurrences. We recommend to properly remove these second-trip echoes and to correct for reflectivity enhancements, where needed. More generally this work is relevant for the design of future space-borne Doppler W-band radar missions.
Scan strategies for wind profiling with Doppler lidar – An LES-based evaluation
Authors: Rahlves Charlotte , Beyrich Frank , Raasch Siegfried
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Lidar scan techniques for wind profiling rely on the assumption of a horizontally homogeneous wind field and stationarity for the duration of the scan. As this condition is mostly violated in reality, detailed knowledge of the resulting measurement error is required. The objective of this study is to quantify and compare the expected error associated with Doppler-lidar wind profiling for different scan strategies and meteorological conditions by performing virtual measurements implemented in a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Various factors influencing the lidar retrieval error are analyzed through comparison of the wind measured by the virtual lidar with the ‘true’ value generated by the LES. These factors include averaging interval length, zenith angle configuration, scan technique and instrument orientation. For the first time, ensemble simulations are used to determine the statistically expected uncertainty of the lidar error. The analysis reveals a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of less than 1 m s−1 for 10 min averages of wind speed measurements in a moderately convective boundary layer, while RMSD exceeds 2 m s−1 in strongly convective conditions. Unlike instrument orientation and scanning scheme, the zenith angle configuration proved to have significant effect on the retrieval error. Horizontal wind speed error is reduced when a larger zenith angle configuration is used, but is increased for measurements of vertical wind. Results suggest that the scan strategy has a relevant effect on the lidar retrieval error and that instrument configuration should be chosen depending on the quantity of interest and the flow conditions in which the measurement is performed.
Seasonal dispersal of fjord meltwaters as an important source of iron and manganese to coastal Antarctic phytoplankton
Authors: Forsch Kiefer O. , Hahn-Woernle Lisa , Sherrell Robert M. , Roccanova Vincent J. , Bu Kaixuan , Burdige David , Vernet Maria , Barbeau Katherine A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Glacial meltwater from the western Antarctic Ice Sheet is
hypothesized to be an important source of cryospheric iron, fertilizing the
Southern Ocean, yet its trace-metal composition and factors that control its
dispersal remain poorly constrained. Here we characterize meltwater iron
sources in a heavily glaciated western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) fjord.
Using dissolved and particulate ratios of manganese to iron in meltwaters,
porewaters, and seawater, we show that surface glacial melt and subglacial
plumes contribute to the seasonal cycle of iron and manganese within a fjord
still relatively unaffected by climate-change-induced glacial retreat.
Organic ligands derived from the phytoplankton bloom and the glaciers bind
dissolved iron and facilitate the solubilization of particulate iron
downstream. Using a numerical model, we show that buoyant plumes generated
by outflow from the subglacial hydrologic system, enriched in labile
particulate trace metals derived from a chemically modified crustal source,
can supply iron to the fjord euphotic zone through vertical mixing. We also show that
prolonged katabatic wind events enhance export of meltwater out of the
fjord. Thus, we identify an important atmosphere–ice–ocean coupling
intimately tied to coastal iron biogeochemistry and primary productivity
along the WAP.
Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
Authors: Haugk Charlotte , Jongejans Loeka Laura , Mangelsdorf Kai , Fuchs Matthias , Ogneva Olga , Palmtag Juri , Mollenhauer Gesine , Mann Paul James , Overduin Pier Paul , Grosse Guido , Sanders Tina , Tuerena Robyn Elizabeth , Schirrmeister Lutz , Wetterich Sebastian , Kizyakov Alexander , Karger Cornelia , Strauss Jens
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth’s largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits are still poorly quantified. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecular geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last ~52 ka. We show that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt%).We found that the OM quality, which we define as the intrinsic potential to further transformation, decomposition, and mineralization, is also high as inferred by the lipid biomarker inventory. The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal kyr BP) and is overlaid by Last Glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7–0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of iso and anteiso-branched FAs relative to long chain (C ≥ 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits, suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C / N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease of HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates a relatively stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff. The characterisation of OM from eroding permafrost leads to a better assessment of the greenhouse gas potential of the OC released into river and nearshore waters in future, which is important to understand the consequences of a warming climate in Arctic environments on the global carbon cycle.
Reconciling the Apparent Absence of a Last Glacial Maximum Alpine Glacial Advance, Yukon Territory, Canada, through Cosmogenic Beryllium-10 and Carbon-14 Measurements
Authors: Goehring Brent , Menounos Brian , Osbron Gerald , Hawkins Adam , Ward Brent
Published: December 2021

Abstract. We present a new in situ produced cosmogenic beryllium-10 and carbon-14 nuclide chronology from two sets (outer and inner) of alpine glacier moraines from the Grey Hunter massif of southern Yukon Territory, Canada. The chronology potential of moraines deposited by alpine glaciers outside the limits of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheets potentially provide a less-ambiguous archive of mass balance, and hence climate than can be inferred from the extents of ice sheets themselves. Results for both nuclides are inconclusive for the outer moraines, with evidence for pre-LGM deposition (beryllium-10) and Holocene deposition (carbon-14). Beryllium-10 results from the inner moraine are suggestive of canonical LGM deposition, but with relatively high scatter. Conversely, in situ carbon-14 results from the inner moraines are tightly clustered and suggestive of terminal Younger Dryas deposition. We explore plausible scenarios leading to the observed differences between nuclides and find that the most parsimonious explanation for the outer moraines is that of pre-LGM deposition, but many of the sampled boulder surfaces were not exhumed from within the moraine until the Holocene. Our results thus imply that the inner and outer moraines sampled pre- and post-date the canonical LGM and that moraines dating to the LGM are lacking likely due to overriding by the subsequent Late Glacial/earliest Holocene advance.
WAVETRISK-2.1: an adaptive dynamical core for ocean modelling
Authors: Kevlahan Nicholas Keville-Reynolds , Lemarié Florian
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This paper introduces WAVETRISK-2.1 (i.e. WAVETRISK-OCEAN), an incompressible version of the atmosphere model wavetrisk-1.x with free-surface. This new model is built on the same wavelet-based dynamically adaptive core as wavetrisk, which itself uses DYNANICO's mimetic vector-invariant multilayer rotating shallow water formulation. Both codes use a Lagrangian vertical coordinate with conservative remapping. The ocean variant solves the incompressible multilayer shallow water equations with inhomogeneous density layers. Time integration uses barotropic--baroclinic mode splitting via an semi-implicit free surface formulation, which is about 34–44 times faster than an unsplit explicit time-stepping. The barotropic and baroclinic estimates of the free surface are reconciled at each time step using layer dilation. No slip boundary conditions at coastlines are approximated using volume penalization. The vertical eddy viscosity and diffusivity coefficients are computed from a closure model based on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Results are presented for a standard set of ocean model test cases adapted to the sphere (seamount, upwelling and baroclinic turbulence). An innovative feature of wavetrisk-ocean is that it could be coupled easily to the wavetrisk atmosphere model, thus providing a first building block toward an integrated Earth-system model using a consistent modelling framework with dynamic mesh adaptivity and mimetic properties.
Identification of the contributing area to river discharge during low-flow periods
Authors: Gillet Maxime , Le Gal La Salle Corinne , Ayral Pierre Alain , Khaska Somar , Martin Philippe , Verdoux Patrick
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The increasing severity of hydrological droughts in the Mediterranean basin related to climate change raises the need to understand the processes sustaining low flow. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate simple mixing model approaches, first to identify and then to quantify streamflow contribution during low-water periods. An approach based on the coupling of geochemical data with hydrological data allows the quantification of flow contributions. In addition, monitoring during the low-water period was used to investigate the drying-up trajectory of each geological reservoir individually. Data were collected during the summers of 2018 and 2019 on a Mediterranean river (Gardon de Sainte-Croix). The identification of the end-members was performed after the identification of a groundwater geochemical signature clustered according to the geological nature of the reservoir. Two complementary methods validate further the characterisation: rock-leaching experiments and unsupervised classification (k-means). The use of the end-member mixture analysis (EMMA) coupled with a generalised likelihood uncertainty estimate (GLUE) (G-EMMA) mixing model coupled with hydrological monitoring of the main river discharge rate highlights major disparities in the contribution of the geological units, showing a reservoir with a minor contribution in high flow becoming preponderant during the low-flow period. This finding was revealed to be of the utmost importance for the management of water resources during the dry period.
An Interdisciplinary Agent-based Evacuation Model: Integrating Natural Environment, Built environment, and Social System for Community Preparedness and Resilience
Authors: Chen Chen , Koll Charles , Wang Haizhong , Lindell Michael
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Previous tsunami evacuation simulations have mostly been based on arbitrary assumptions or inputs adapted from non-emergency situations, but a few studies have used empirical behavior data. This study bridges this gap by integrating empirical decision data from local evacuation expectations surveys and evacuation drills into an agent-based model of evacuation behavior for a Cascadia Subduction Zone community. The model also considers the impacts of liquefaction and landslides from the earthquake on tsunami evacuation. Furthermore, we integrate the slope-speed component from Least-cost-distance to build the simulation model that better represents the complex nature of evacuations. The simulation results indicate that milling time and evacuation participation rate have significant non-linear impacts on tsunami mortality estimates. When people walk faster than 1 m/s, evacuation by foot is more effective because it avoids traffic congestion when driving. We also find that evacuation results are more sensitive to walking speed, milling time, evacuation participation, and choosing the closest safe location than to other behavioral variables. Minimum tsunami mortality results from maximizing the evacuation participation rate, minimizing milling time, and choosing the closest safe destination outside of the inundation zone. This study's comparison of the agent-based model and BtW model finds consistency between the two models' results. By integrating the natural system, built environment, and social system, this interdisciplinary model incorporates substantial aspects of the real world into the multi-hazard agent-based platform. This model provides a unique opportunity for local authorities to prioritize their resources for hazard education, community disaster preparedness, and resilience plans.
Automated detection and analysis of surface calving waves with a terrestrial radar interferometer at the front of Eqip Sermia, Greenland
Authors: Wehrlé Adrien , Lüthi Martin P. , Walter Andrea , Jouvet Guillaume , Vieli Andreas
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Glacier calving is a key dynamical process of the Greenland Ice Sheet
and a major driver of its increasing mass loss. Calving waves, generated
by the sudden detachment of ice from the glacier terminus, can reach tens
of meters in height and provide very valuable insights into quantifying calving activity. In this study, we present a new method for the detection of source location, timing, and magnitude of calving waves using a terrestrial radar interferometer. This method was applied to 11 500 1 min interval acquisitions from Eqip Sermia, West Greenland, in July 2018. Over 7 d, more than 2000 calving waves were detected, including waves generated by submarine calving, which are difficult to observe with other methods. Quantitative assessment with a wave power index (WPI) yields a higher wave activity (+49 %) and higher temporally cumulated WPI (+34 %) in deep water than under shallow conditions. Subglacial meltwater plumes, occurring 2.3 times more often in the deep sector, increase WPI and the number of waves by a factor of 1.8 and 1.3, respectively, in the deep and shallow sector. We therefore explain the higher calving activity in the deep sector by a combination of more frequent meltwater plumes and more efficient calving enhancement linked with better connections to warm deep ocean water.
Preparation of Soolanirmoolana Rasa - A Herbo-Mineral Formulation
Authors: M Aparna , Rajam R
Published: December 2021

Soolanirmoolana Rasa is a herbo mineral formulation explained in Rasatarangini- Vishopavisha vijnaneeya tarangam under the description of kupilu. It contains rasasindoora, gandhaka, sankha bhasma, saindhava, trikatu, jeeraka, amlavetasa and kupilu. It is prescribed in gastrointestinal diseases associated with pain. The work done on the pharmaceutical aspect of Soolanirmoolana rasa is explained in this research paper. For preparing rasasindoora, parada and gandhaka were subjeceted to sodhana separately, then samagunagandhaka kajjali was prepared and bhavana was done in vatankura kashaya. Sankha was subjected to sodhana first followed by three putas to get sankhabhasma. The upavisha kupilu was also purified, powdered and levigated in ardraka swarasa along with powders of other herbal and mineral drugs and finally rolled into pills having gunja pramana i.e. 125 mg size. The shade dried pills were then measured and stored in airtight glass bottles and kept away from sunlight and moisture. The process was done with 10g rasasindoora and a final product of 2134 pills having average weight of 124mg was obtained.

Key words: Soolanirmoolana rasa, Agnivardhaka, Amahara, Sodhana, Bhavana, Upavisha.
The role of the US-ROK alliance in the NATO-ROK global partnership
Authors:   National University of Public Service, Kim Mo Rang
Published: December 2021

NATO’s attention was directed to “enlargement” and “tight connection” with Global Partnership countries as prime agenda. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to find the cause of “a loose connection” between NATO and ROK by analyzing the geopolitical concern in NEA and comparing the US-ROK alliance. Besides, we will forecast the NATO-ROK partnership through 1) an exclusive interview with Major Hwang from Korean Army, currently working at NATO, which was conducted by Mo Rang KIM, 2) interviews with twenty Korean elites, and 3) a conversation with the Director of Security Policy and Partnerships at NATO. Judging from the study, it is highly probable that 1) the US-ROK alliance would cooperate in military security, 2) NATO-ROK Partnership would cover non-traditional security.
ANALYSIS OF USAGE AND QUALITY OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS BY PEOPLE FROM BULGARIA, COMPARED TO OTHER FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Department Biology, Faculty Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Dimitrova Tsonka , Marinov Petko ,   Department Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Yaneva Galina ,   Department Biology, Faculty Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Ivanov Dobri ,   Department Biology, Faculty Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Wild edible mushrooms are collected and consumed for centuries worldwide and in Bulgaria as well. This questionnaire investigation aimed at assessing some common mushroom usage practices in a random sample from the population in Varna region, Bulgaria. Material/Methods: We performed a study of 200 adult individuals, 100 males and 100 females, from Varna region using anonymous questionnaire with 12 basic items about wild edible mushroom usage. Statistical data processing was performed using descriptive methods and correlation analysis. Results: There was a prevalence of male and female individuals with secondary and higher education. Most respondents preferred wild edible mushroom gathering in contrast to purchasing. The positive attitude towards wild edible mushroom usage as food is more common in males than in females. Most respondents consumed wild edible mushroom several times during any year. There were statistically significant correlations between urban main residence, on one hand, and wild edible mushroom non-nutritional usage, cooking, drying, preservation and freezing, on the other hand; between secondary educational level, on one hand, and positive attitude towards nutritional usage of wild edible mushrooms, wild edible mushroom cooking, preservation, freezing and drying and applications as therapeutic means; as well as between individual female sex belonging and wild edible mushroom applications as therapeutic means, on the other hand. Conclusion: This questionnaire investigation revealed several interesting peculiarities of the attitudes towards wild edible mushrooms among the population of Varna region and the extent of usage of common mushrooms depending on sex, educational level and main residence of respondents.
The Influence of Job Involvement and Transformational Leadership on the Performance of Millennial Employees
Authors: Lusiana Herlina
Published: December 2021

This study aims to see if job involvement and transformational leadership have a significant impact on millennial employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. The application may be different because the literature review by previous researchers hasn't yet established which idea models play a key role in influencing employee efficiency. This study is unique in that it is the first to look at the impact of job involvement and transformational leadership on the performance of millennial workers. Furthermore, using interaction theory as a knife of research, to measure the impact of job involvement and transformational leadership on millennial employee performance. The study was carried out at PT. Basirih Industrial. Using the survey criteria methodology, a total of 0 millennial workers (those born between 1980 and 1995) were included in the study. This study takes a quantitative approach to explanatory analysis. The data was gathered through an online questionnaire survey and was tallied using a Likert scale. After performing validity and reliability checks as well as classical assumption tests, the SPSS version 23 research tool was used to evaluate multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing, and coefficient of determination. According to online surveys, there were 0 millennial workers, with 0 dominating males accounting for 76 percent of the total, and 0 millennial female workers accounting for 23.9 percent. The results showed that job involvement and transformational leadership had a significant effect on the millennial performance of PT. Basirih Industrial, either partially or simultaneously. All hypotheses can be proved.
Pandemic and Indonesia Stock Market Performance
Authors: Lesmana Intan Surya , Saadah Siti
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesia’s stock market performance. Considering the characteristics of daily stock return data that shows the characteristics of volatility clustering, the analytical method used is to develop a heteroscedastic model specification whose parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Based on data from March 2020 to January 2021, this study finds that the Exponential-GARCH asymmetric model is the best model compared to the Standard-GARCH symmetric model or the asymmetric Threshold-GARCH model. The inference analysis conducted on the Exponential-GARCH asymmetric model in this study shows that the stock market's performance that is significantly affected by this pandemic is the volatility of its returns. Stock price volatility is one of the important variables in stock market performance. This study produces empirical findings that government policies on social restrictions contribute significantly to suppressing stock market volatility. As for government policies in mitigating the risk of the spread of the epidemic, in this study, it is measured through a stringency index. This index was released by the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) which monitors the government's response to the coronavirus in 160 countries and is a parameter that evaluates the policies taken by a country's government based on nine metrics. This index does not measure the effectiveness of a country's government response, but only the level of tightness. However, the results of the tests carried out in this study did not find a significant impact of pandemic indicators, the number of cases, and the number of daily deaths related to COVID-19 on stock returns.
Servicescape and Service Quality in Creating Customer Loyalty
Authors: Shiratina Aldina , Rajak Adnan , Ramli Yanto , Nirwana Nuri Putria Nirba
Published: December 2021

The development of cooperatives is currently starting to stagnate. This study aims to reveal this research. This research aims to analyze the effect of Servicescape on customer loyalty, the impact of Servicescape on service quality, the impact of service quality on customer loyalty, and the impact of Servicescape on customer loyalty mediated by service quality. This research uses a quantitative method approach. The unit of analysis in this study was all female members of the Padalarang Partnership Village Cooperative in 2016, totaling 125 people consisting of active and passive female members. The population in this study amounted to 125 people and a set precision or a significance level of 0.05, so the sample size in this study was 95 members as respondents. This study was analyzed using multiple linear regression for verification analysis. The findings in this study are Servicescape affects service quality, service quality affects the loyalty of female members, and Servicescape affects the loyalty of female members.
Changes of Learning Communication Models in New Normal Adaptation: From Classroom Learning to Distance Learning Environment
Authors: Raharjo Joko S. Dwi , Hendartho Dony , Susanti Endang , Ekasari Retno
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on various aspects of life, both individually, organizationally and nationally. The decision of various countries in the world to do a "lockdown" in order to limit the transmission of the plague has an impact on continuity of economic wheels to education. Educational institutions began to close because of scarcity of students and difficulties in covering operational costs so that many teachers and management were laid off. For educational institutions that still survive must play a strategy to stay afloat and maintain their students able to learn, with the policy ‘Work from Home’ and ‘School from Home’. The pandemic to this day is not over yet and it is predicted that it will last long until the antivirus is found. However, in anticipation of bankruptcy, the government adopted adaptation of new habits (New Normal), habits that emphasize the implementation of health protocols in every activity. To carry out health protocols, educational institutions change the learning patterns from learning in classrooms to online learning. This has an impact on lecturers with demands to adapt quickly to existing changes. This study tries to analyze and examine the ability of lecturers to adapt learning communication models from classroom-based learning to online-based learning. With hope that this research will become a reference for the developed communication model and its application in adaptation of new habits (New Normal). The study was conducted by examining the results of previous study and in-depth interviews with lecturers to get a diverse picture so that generic conclusions can be drawn.
Review on Digital Transformation Policy of Directorate Generale of Taxes
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Clarashinta Amalia Dewi
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic caused a reduction in face-to-face interaction between people. Changes in social interaction from offline to online need supporting facilities, both internet networks, computers, gadgets, and other items. The Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) as the government agency that collects state revenues from taxes, is constantly transforming towards improving public services, especially to taxpayers. Many applications of e-tax systems that have been developed by DGT are Nadine, e-faktur, e-billing, e-filling, and DJP Online. This electronic reporting has influenced the increase of Annual Tax Return reporting for the last three years.
Analysis of Supporting and Inhibiting Factors in the Implementation of Financial SIMDA
Authors: Widowati Widowati , Sakir A. , Malta Malta
Published: December 2021

To support regional autonomy the central government issued Law (UU) no. 23 of 2014 which has given authority to the Regional Government to manage and regulate its own government, this includes regional financial management which ultimately must be accountable to the public through the presentation of financial which are an element of Regional Financial Information. To carry out this mandate, the Simeulue Regency Government since 2007 has used the SIMDA Finance application as an information system for its financial management so that it can manage finances in an accountable and transparent manner. hinder the performance of the Financial SIMDA, which In the course of its implementation, the Simeulue Regency Government has found obstacles that gradually fix these inhibiting factors and implement supporting factors that can improve the performance of the Financial SIMDA. This study aims to determine the factors that hinder and support the implementation of SIMDA Finance in Simeulue Regency. This research method uses qualitative, research subjects consist of SIMDA Finance users who have used the application for more than three years, data collection techniques using observations, interviews and documents, data validity techniques using data triangulation. data analysis technique using NVIVO. The results show that the five main factors that support the implementation of SIMDA Finance in Simeulue Regency are software, leader commitment, network, hardware, and attitude of the implementer. Meanwhile, the five main factors that hinder the implementation of SIMDA Finance are human resources, software, networks, hardware and the attitude of the implementers. The factors that are the same between supporters and obstacles to SIMDA Finance are caused by researchers looking at different sides of these factors in implementing SIMDA Finance.