bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncological outcomes of salvage cryotherapy after primary radiation therapy vs. primary cryotherapy: 10-year experience at a large Canadian referral center
Authors: Alexandra Bain  , Kinnaird Adam , McLarty Ryan , Todd Gerald , Chetner Michael P. , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Salvage cryotherapy is a guideline-recommended treatment of localized prostate cancer recurrence after radiation therapy. There is little published evidence analyzing the outcomes of salvage cryotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer following different primary therapy energy modalities.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who received whole gland salvage cryotherapy from 2007–2017 at a large tertiary referral center after either primary radiation therapy (RT) or primary whole gland cryotherapy. Primary outcome was biochemical failure, defined as per the Phoenix criteria (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] nadir + 2.0 ng/ml). Secondary outcomes included time to biochemical failure and development of metastatic disease.

Results: Fifty-eight out of 391 patients who received cryotherapy were identified as having received salvage cryotherapy (after RT, n=37; after primary cryotherapy, n=21). Biochemical recurrence occurred in 21 (57%) patients with previous RT and in 17 (81%) patients with previous cryotherapy (p=0.001). Median time to biochemical recurrence was 18 months for patients with previous RT and 13 months for patients with previous cryotherapy (p=0.002). The biochemical free survival rate for primary radiation therapy patients was 71% at two years compared to 23% at two years for patients who underwent primary cryotherapy (p<0.01). There was no difference in the development of metastatic disease between groups (19% vs. 18%, cryo vs. radiation, p=0.34).

Conclusions: These results suggest that salvage cryotherapy may offer more durable oncological control to patients after radiation compared to primary cryotherapy with a lower rate and longer duration before biochemical recurrence.
Is there a correlation between the aggressiveness of chronic asymptomatic prostatitis NIH category IV and the Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer?
Authors: Aglamis Erdogan , Ceylan Cavit , Akin Mustafa
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We evaluated the correlation between the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades and the aggressiveness grades of prostate inflammation in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with chronic asymptomatic prostatitis National Institiutes of Health (NIH) category IV (CAPNIHIV).

Methods: The study comprised 357 consecutive patients with prostate cancer in whom a cancer diagnosis had been made via a prostate needle biopsy. Histological sections of the prostate biopsy specimens of the patients were reviewed and scored. Prostatic inflammation was scored using the aggressiveness grade of inflammation. The associations between the ISUP grades and the aggressiveness grades of inflammation were analyzed using logistic regression. The limitations of the study were its retrospective design and the limited number of cases.

Results: In 110 (31%) patients, CAPNIHIV was detected: 56 (51%) patients had a grade 0 aggressiveness score, 34 (31%) patients had a grade 1 aggressiveness score, and 20 (18%) patients had a grade 2 aggressiveness score. The patients who had prostatic inﬂammation had a 1.65 times (95% conﬁdence interval [CI] 1.05–2.61) greater likelihood of a high ISUP grade (grade ≥3) compared with the patients who did not have prostatic inﬂammation. The association between the ISUP grade and the aggressiveness grade of inflammation was more pronounced for a grade 2 aggressiveness score (n= 20; odds ratio 2.97; 95% CI 1.14–7.71).

Conclusions: In prostate cancer patients with CAPNIHIV, there was a positive correlation between the inflammation aggressiveness grade and the ISUP grade. The aggressiveness of intraprostatic inflammation may be an important morphological factor affecting the Gleason score.
De nieuwe Richtlijnen Vereffening nalatenschappen en Handleiding erfrechtprocedures kantonrechter: verzoeken tot aanwijzingen ex artikel 4:210 lid 1 BW niet (meer) mogelijk
Authors: Diks J.Th.M. , Lavrijssen N.
Published: June 2020

De nieuwe Richtlijnen Vereffening nalatenschappen en Handleiding erfrechtprocedures kantonrechter: verzoeken tot aanwijzingen ex artikel 4:210 lid 1 BW niet (meer) mogelijk

De auteurs bespreken artikel 4:210 lid 1 BW bezien vanuit de nieuwe Richtlijnen Vereffening nalatenschappen en Handleiding erfrechtprocedures kantonrechter. Dit artikel regelt de aanwijzingsbevoegdheid van de kantonrechter ten opzichte van de vereffenaar. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de ambtshalve aanwijzing en de aanwijzing op verzoek van een belanghebbende (bijvoorbeeld de vereffenaar), en in welke vorm zo’n aanwijzing kan worden gegeven. In het bijzonder wordt aandacht besteed aan het standpunt van de expertgroep dat verzoeken tot aanwijzingen niet (meer) mogelijk zijn.
Uiteenlopende jurisprudentie over gedwongen toerekening van verjaarde schulden
Authors: Moll E.J.
Published: June 2020

Uiteenlopende jurisprudentie over gedwongen toerekening van verjaarde schulden

Er is uiteenlopende jurisprudentie van de gerechtshoven over het onderwerp verrekening van verjaarde leningen in familieverband bij afwikkeling van nalatenschappen. De auteur heeft dit onderwerp onderzocht door bestudering van jurisprudentie en literatuur. Zijn conclusie is dat de gedwongen toerekening van schulden bij de verdeling van de nalatenschap ten onrechte gezien wordt als verrekening. De gedwongen toerekening is geen verrekening, maar tenietgaan van een verbintenis door vermenging. Wanneer een vordering van een erflater op één van zijn erfgenamen is verjaard, is tenietgaan door vermenging niet mogelijk, ondanks artikel 6:131 lid 1 BW, waarin bepaald is dat verrekening ook mogelijk is met een verjaarde tegenvordering. Dit onderwerp is relevant omdat veel over nalatenschappen wordt geprocedeerd, waarbij regelmatig oude niet-afgeloste leningen binnen de familie onderwerp van geschil zijn.
1a Escola d’Estiu Eduglobalstem: una experiència comunitària d’aprenentatge i apoderament de professorat
Authors: Caireta Marina
Published: June 2020

En aquest article expliquem d’on parteix la 1a Escola d’Estiu EdulgbalSTEM (EEE19), quin és el context que l’ha fet possible i com esdevé una eina interessant d’apoderament de professorat. Plantegem l’interès d’introduir l’educació per la justícia global (EJG) a les aules STEM i resumim reptes i oportunitats que això implica per al professorat STEM. A partir de l’experiència Eduglobalstem reflexionem sobre els grups de treball com a eina de formació, apoderament i foment del treball en xarxa entre docents, i com la sinergia entre professorat i entitats promotores d’EJG incrementa les possibilitats d’apoderament i incidència per als i les docents.
The dark side of the STEM and how to fight it. Contributions from Digna Couso to the summer school of EduglobalSTEM
Authors: Garcia Núria
Published: June 2020

Over the last few years, STEM education has been gaining momentum from both public institutions and the private sector. Much is said and speculated about the hidden interests that may be behind this impulse, dark interests, which aim to perpetuate the geopolitical and social-labour status quo. This article explains how Dr. Digna Couso, during her talk at the First EduglobalSTEM Summer School, provided insight into the dark side of STEM education, and told us the best ways to fight it: to conquer it from a global justice and diversity approach to values. She also spoke to us about the importance of knowing the biases operating in STEM education, what consequences they may have, and what tools are available to reverse those biases.
Teachers’ vulnerability. Thoughts of a teacher and his evaluation process after a morning with Neus Sanmartí
Authors: Lorenzo Felip
Published: June 2020

When most teachers start to create a learning proposal, we usually focus on activities, contents or competences that we want to work on, but the main problem is that we tend to leave the assessment to the end. In our Summer School, we made the same mistake. One of the things we have learned from feminism is to share our vulnerability and build from it. Our vulnerability as a group is that we teachers find assessing hard. Willing to improve this, we invited Neus Sanmartí at the EEE19. Since then, we have gone through a deep assessment process and we have learned more about ourselves than we expected. In this article we share our learning process and our assessment about what we know about assessment and learning.
Principles of foster care as the basics for the functioning of its system. Catalog, characteristics and meaning
Authors: Krajewska Beata
Published: June 2020

The subject of investigation in this study has been made the principles of foster care with the necessary and concise presentation of the assumptions and solutions of foster care as such. The principles of foster care have been collected and described, which constitute a kind of catalog necessary to include in practice foster care to the fullest extent possible. These are the following principles: the welfare of the child and the family covered by foster care, subsidiarity of foster care, temporary foster care, priority of foster care over institutional care, the use of foster care on the basis of a court decision, hearing a child placed in foster care, placing a child in foster care as close as possible to his current place of residence, the right of a child in foster care to contacts with parents and other relatives, not separating siblings in foster care, not separating a minor mother in foster care and her child.
Diversity of children’s situation after parents’ divorce. Selected variants of childcare
Authors: Stankowska Magdalena
Published: June 2020

In Poland, tens of thousands of couples divorce every year, most of them are parents. Divorce has certain consequences for children, but the situation of children after divorce varies greatly. Legislation in force in Poland safeguards the child's best interests in a divorce situation. The article describes three variants of childcare after divorce: joint custody, single parenthood, reconstituted family. In each of these variants, there may be (but do not have to) certain treats, and everyone can also be a chance for a child to create a stable, friendly educational environment. Certainly, for a single/independent parent, reconciliation of childcare and upbringing with professional activity, housekeeping is a big challenge. It can also be difficult to spend time with a child constantly, lack of time to rest. Joint custody requires constant parents' contacts and arrangements after divorce, which may not be easy for them. In turn, in a reconstructed (patchwork) family there is a greater risk of conflicts, jealousy, alliances directed against one of the family members. However, examples of specific families show that it is possible to create a stable, safe environment for raising children after divorce, although it is certainly a big challenge requiring the maturity of both divorcing parents. From the point of view of child development, it seems more important what emotional climate will occur in the environment in which the child will live after divorce, how his/her parents will deal with the situation of separation and what strategies they will apply than what variant of childcare they will choose.
Aplicativo para Dispositivos Móveis Voltado para Simulação de Crédito Rural
Authors: Rommel Vinicius Steindorf , Titon Wagner
Published: June 2020

O Governo Federal através do crédito rural oferece a todos os agricultores a possibilidade de investimentos em sua propriedade, custeio para lavouras e também crédito para comercialização. As taxas de juros das linhas de crédito que apoiam o crédito rural são inferiores as demais disponíveis no âmbito financeiro, assim como carências e prazos de pagamento maiores, facilitando desta forma a obtenção e quitação de financiamentos. Com o intuito de auxiliar a todos os agricultores, unindo tecnologia e crédito rural, surgiu o aplicativo “Sirural”, que se trata de um aplicativo para simulação de crédito rural. Para efetuar uma simulação, este aplicativo coleta informações disponibilizadas pelo usuário e de acordo com alguns parâmetros especificados em seu desenvolvimento, faz a entrega da linha de crédito que melhor se adequa as necessidades do usuário. Com o propósito de validar o aplicativo desenvolvidos, definiu-se dois grupos de testes para analisar se o aplicativo atende as necessidades dos agricultores rurais no âmbito de financiamentos rurais. O primeiro grupo contou com quatorze agricultores rurais, e do segundo grupo participaram cinco profissionais que atuam com crédito rural diariamente. A fim de buscar resultados, foi empregado um questionário que cada usuário após uso do aplicativo tinha a necessidade de responder. Os resultados finais do questionário permitiram observar que a média final de concordância das questões resultou em 67%, o ponto de atenção se dá ao observar que o aplicativo conseguiu simular o financiamento de acordo com a necessidade do usuário 95% das vezes.
Detecção de Acordes Musicais por meio de Informações Espectrais
Authors: Frozza Ana Carolina , Bertolini Diego , Foleiss Juliano Henrique , Hübner Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Músicos e cientistas musicais necessitam cada vez mais de ferramentas computacionais que auxiliem em seus trabalhos. Um exemplo disso são ferramentas que reconheçam propriedades de forma automática na música. O intuito deste trabalho é a realização da detecção de acordes por meio de informações espectrais. A estrutura básica do projeto envolve sinais de áudio convertidos para o domínio da frequência, resultando no espectro de potência do sinal. Este então foi utilizado para extração dos valores do vetor de notas, que foram usados posteriormente como entrada para a classificação dos acordes referente ao áudio de entrada, gerando assim a cifra da música tocada como saída. Os resultados experimentais foram satisfatórios, a fidelidade do sistema de detecção alcançou para o melhor cenário 90% de acerto gerando uma média de 80% de acerto para todas as amostras avaliadas. Esta discrepância de resultados não ocorreu devido ao processo de reconhecimento, mas sim ao formato habitual com que os músicos executam estes acorde e o ambiente no qual foram gravados. Este trabalho, com seus resultados práticos, poderá servir como referência para outros que envolvam tópicos relacionados, como por exemplo, percepção computacional da música ou processamento digital de sinais.
Association Rule Mining on Big Data Sets
Authors: Celik Oguz , Hasanbasoglu Muruvvet , S. Aktas Mehmet , Kalipsiz Oya
Published: June 2020

An accurate, complete, and rapid establishment of customer needs and existence of product recommendations are crucial points in terms of increasing customer satisfaction level in various different sectors such as the banking sector. Due to the significant increase in the number of transactions and customers, analyzing costs regarding time and consumption of memory becomes higher. In order to increase the performance of the product recommendation, we discuss an approach, a sample data creation process, to association rule mining. Thus instead of processing whole population, processing on a sample that represents the population is used to decrease time of analysis and consumption of memory. In this regard, sample composing methods, sample size determination techniques, the tests which measure the similarity between sample and population, and association rules (ARs) derived from the sample were examined. The mutual buying behavior of the customers was found using a well-known association rule mining algorithm. Techniques were compared according to the criteria of complete rule derivation and time consumption.
Plasma Diagnostic Methods: Test Charge Response in Lorentzian Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Ali Shahid , Al-Hadeethi Yas
Published: June 2020

Different plasma diagnostic methods are briefly discussed, and the framework of a test charge technique is effectively used as diagnostic tool for investigating interaction potentials in Lorentzian plasma, whose constituents are the superthermal electrons and ions with negatively charged dust grains. Applying the space-time Fourier transformations to the linearized coupled Vlasov-Poisson equations, a test charge potential is derived with a modified response function due to energetic ions and electrons. For a test charge moving much slower than the dust-thermal speed, there appears a short-range Debye-Hückel (DH) potential decaying exponentially with distance and a long-range far-field (FF) potential as the inverse cube of the distance from test charge. The FF potentials exhibit more localized shielding curves for low-Kappas, and smaller effective shielding length is observed in dusty plasma compared to electron-ion plasma. However, a wakefield (WF) potential is formed behind the test charge when it resonates with dust-acoustic oscillations, whereas a fast moving test charge leads to the Coulomb potential having no shielding around. It is revealed that superthermality and plasma parameters significantly alter the DH, FF, and WF potentials in space plasmas of Saturn’s E-ring, where power-law distributions can be used for energetic electrons and ions in contrast to Maxwellian dust grains.
Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Easy and Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Ali Shaikh Imran , Masood Sddiqui Naila , Hameed Shaikh Javeria
Published: June 2020

Foot problems are commonly involved in diabetes, and the most common presentation of diabetes is an ulcer. Diabetic foot ulcer is a complex problem caused by reduced blood supply, nerve damage, or infection. But unfortunately in most of cases, these three factors have played a role for impairment of diabetic feet. Sometimes nerve damage or neuropathy is an initial insult, and multiple times ischemia is the leading factor for ulcer formation. After certain period, infection finally supervenes and makes a sterile ulcer to infected leads to loss of limb or foot. This becomes more complicated because of less pronounced ischemic symptoms in diabetic than non-diabetics. Furthermore, the healing of a neuroischemic ulcer is slowed down by microvascular dysfunction. Therefore, some ulcers can get better by revascularization, but pure ischemic ulcers rarely respond to revascularization. Many guidelines have largely ignored these specific demands related to ulcerated neuroischemic diabetic feet. Any diabetic foot ulcer should always be considered to have vascular impairment unless otherwise proven. This chapter highlights the best way to diagnose and treat these patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Most of the studies dealing with neuroischemic diabetic feet are not comparable in terms of patient populations, interventions, or outcomes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift in diabetic foot care, that is, a new approach and classification of diabetics with foot ulcer in regard to clinical practice and research.
Regulatory Functions of α-Amylase in the Small Intestine Other than Starch Digestion: α-Glucosidase Activity, Glucose Absorption, Cell Proliferation, and Differentiation
Authors: Date Kimie
Published: June 2020

Pancreatic α-amylase binds to the N-glycan of glycoproteins. Here, I will show that pancreatic α-amylase has regulatory functions in the small intestine other than starch digestion. These new functions were revealed by identification of α-amylase-binding proteins in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM). This topic will include the following four parts: 1) identification of glycoproteins that bind pancreatic α-amylase in the small intestinal BBM; 2) interactions between pancreatic α-amylase and the binding glycoproteins, sucrose-isomaltase (α-glucosidase), and sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1), in which pancreatic α-amylase enhanced maltose degradation of sucrose-isomaltase under conditions including calcium and sodium, and inhibited glucose uptake of SGLT1; 3) localization of pancreatic α-amylase in the small intestine by binding to the BBM and being internalized into lysosomes through the endocytic pathway; and 4) expression of endogenous α-amylase in the duodenum: AMY2B, a pancreatic type α-amylase, is highly expressed in the human duodenum next to the pancreas. The α-amylase expression in the duodenum is required for proliferation and differentiation of human small intestinal epithelial cells.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Warner Robin
Published: June 2020

The term motor neuron disease refers to several diseases affecting the motor neurons and is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is the most common motor neuron disease. This chapter will focus on ALS. A complex combination of molecular pathways and cell interactions cause ALS. About 10% of ALS cases are genetic, although it has been hypothesized that as more genes are discovered to contribute to the disease, a larger percentage of cases will be quoted. This chapter discusses in detail the most common genetic forms of ALS and current research on targeted treatments.
Experience and the Absolute in the Light of Idealism
Authors: Gomboso Marco ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

The question of whether the true character of reality is monistic or pluralistic spans almost the entire history of metaphysics. Though little discussed in recent decades, it presents problems that are nowadays considered of the utmost importance. Think, for instance, of the ultimate nature of elements such as matter, elemental particles or physical fields. Are they self-sufficient? Do they depend on a higher reality? A major discussion regarding the metaphysical grounds of such questions took place in Britain during the late nineteenth century. It saw Francis Herbert Bradley (1846–1924) and James Ward (1843–1925) trying to understand the nature of experience. By recalling that specific discussion, this article seeks to show why the monistic character of reality prevails.
Tales from the Trenches—Part 2
Authors: Flash Kenya , Hallett Dominique
Published: June 2020

Here are more stories and tales as told by government information professionals as part of the “Who are ‘We the People’?” survey conducted by Kenya Flash and Dominique Hallett.
Association between cancer stigma, pain and quality of life in breast cancer
Authors: Nakash Ora , Granek Leeat , Cohen Michal , Ben David Merav
Published: June 2020

Aim

We examined the association between cancer stigma and quality of life. We further explored the role of pain intensity in this association among women with breast cancer in the first months following diagnosis.

Methods

105 women with breast cancer within 8 months of diagnosis completed self-report measures assessing cancer stigma, pain intensity and quality of life.

Results

Our findings show that stigma among breast cancer patients is associated with worse quality of life. Pain intensity partially mediated the relationship between cancer stigma and quality of life. We recruited a convenience sample of women with breast cancer, which may be subject to selection bias. The cross sectional design of the study precludes inferences regarding causality.

Conclusions

Health professionals should recognize and mitigate the impact of stigma as an important factor that is associated with impaired quality of life among patients with breast cancer. Continued attention should be paid to pain intensity and the complex relationship between stigma and pain in predicting quality of life.
What the HEC? Clinician Adherence to Evidence-Based Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Roeland Eric J. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Nipp Ryan D. , Binder Gary , Sebastiani Silvia , Potluri Ravi , Schmerold Luke , Papademetriou Eros , Schwartzberg Lee , Navari Rudolph M.
Published: June 2020

Background: Clinician adherence to antiemetic guidelines for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) remains poorly characterized. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate individual clinician adherence to HEC antiemetic guidelines. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients receiving HEC was conducted using the IBM Watson Explorys Electronic Health Record Database (2012–2018). HEC antiemetic guideline adherence was defined as prescription of triple prophylaxis (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK1 RA], serotonin type-3 receptor antagonist, dexamethasone) at initiation of cisplatin or anthracycline + cyclophosphamide (AC). Clinicians who prescribed ≥5 HEC courses were included and individual guideline adherence was assessed, noting the number of prescribing clinicians with >90% adherence. Results: A total of 217 clinicians were identified who prescribed 2,543 cisplatin and 1,490 AC courses. Patients (N=4,033) were primarily women (63.3%) and chemotherapy-naïve (92%) with a mean age of 58.6 years. Breast (36%) and thoracic (19%) cancers were the most common tumor types. Guideline adherence rates of >90% were achieved by 35% and 58% of clinicians using cisplatin or AC, respectively. Omission of an NK1 RA was the most common practice of nonadherence. Variation in prophylaxis guideline adherence was considerable for cisplatin (mean, 71%; SD, 29%; coefficient of variation [CV], 0.40) and AC (mean, 84%; SD, 26%; CV, 0.31). Conclusions: Findings showed substantial gaps in clinician adherence to HEC CINV guidelines, including a high variability across clinicians. Clinicians should review their individual clinical practices and ensure adherence to evidence-based CINV guidelines to optimize patient care.
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Cervical Cancer, Version 1.2020
Authors: Abu-Rustum Nadeem R. , Yashar Catheryn M. , Bean Sarah , Bradley Kristin , Campos Susana M. , Chon Hye Sook , Chu Christina , Cohn David , Crispens Marta Ann , Damast Shari , Fisher Christine M. , Frederick Peter , Gaffney David K. , Giuntoli Robert , Han Ernest , Huh Warner K. , Lurain III John R. , Mariani Andrea , Mutch David , Nagel Christa , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Fader Amanda Nickles , Remmenga Steven W. , Reynolds R. Kevin , Sisodia Rachel , Tillmanns Todd , Ueda Stefanie , Urban Renata , Wyse Emily , McMillian Nicole R. , Motter Angela D.
Published: June 2020

The NCCN Guidelines for Cervical Cancer provide recommendations for diagnostic workup, staging, and treatment of patients with the disease. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the guidelines, including changes to first- and second-line systemic therapy recommendations for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, and emerging evidence on a new histopathologic classification system for HPV-related endocervical adenocarcinoma.
UPOREDNA ANALIZA DEJSTVA ANTIDEPRESIVNIH LIJEKOVA SERTRALINA, PAROKSETINA I VENLAFAKSINA NA DUŽINU QT INTERVALA KOD DEPRESIVNIH PACIJENATA SA ALKOHOLNOM ZAVISNOŠĆU
Authors: Vukadinović Stojanović Sanja , Stojanović Zlatan , Erić Želimir
Published: June 2020

Depresivni poremećaji smatraju se jednim od najvećih zdravstvenih problema od javnog značaja. Ukаrdiologiji QТ interval је mjеrа vremena između početka Q talasa dо krаја Т talasa u еlektričnom ciklusu srca.Produžen QТ interval је biomarker za potencijalni razvoj ventrikularnih aritmija i faktor rizika od iznenadnesmrti. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se istraži dejstvo i izvrši uporedna analiza antidepresivnih lijekovasertralina, paroksetina i venlafaksina na dužinu QT intervala kod depresivnih pacijenata sa alkoholnomzavisnošću. Ispitanici i metode: Ovim istraživanjem obuhvaćeni su pacijenti muškog pola (stariji od 18 godina),oboljeli od alkoholne bolesti kod kojih je na početku hospitalizacije na osnovu DSM-IV kriterijuma i pozitivneHamiltonove skale za procjenu depresije dijagnostikovana depresija tj. depresivni poremećaj. Studija jeobuhvatila ukupno 147 pacijenata, podijeljenih u tri podgrupe sa po 49 pacijenata, od kojih je svaka podgrupaprimala jedan od ispitivanih lijekova: sertralin, paroksetin i venlafaksin tokom 20 dana. U našoj studiji globalniQTc interval (12-odvodni) određivan je automatski primjenom EKG aparata proizvođača i tipa “SchillerCardiovit AT-1” koji koristi “SCHILLER ECG Measurement and Interpretation Software for Children andAdult ECGs”. Izmjerene/empirijske vrijednosti podataka statistički su obrađivane u SPSS 16.0 programskompaketu za Windows. Korištene su metode deskriptivne statistike i metode statističkog testiranja hipoteza.Rezultati: U našoj studiji nismo utvrdili efekat i statistički značajne razlike na dužinu QTc intervala izmeđuordiniranih antidepresiva (p = 0.286). Razlike u dužini QTc intervala između ordiniranih antidepresiva nakonkorekcije za serumske vrijednosti gama glutamil transferaze (GGT) i vrijednosti skora Hamiltonove skale zadepresiju (HRSD) također nisu statistički značajne (p = 0.135). Također smo ispitivali razlike u dužini QTcintervala između ordiniranih antidepresiva, a u zavisnosti od odgovora na antidepresivnu terapiju (responderi /non-responderi). Uočena je veća dužina QTc intervala kod respondera u sertralinskoj grupi za 3.816 ms,paroksetinskoj grupi 0.753 ms i u venlafaksinskoj grupi za 4.974 ms, ali iste nisu statistički značajne (p > 0.05).
Tgfβ signaling is required for tenocyte recruitment and functional neonatal tendon regeneration
Authors: Kaji Deepak A , Howell Kristen L , Balic Zerina , Hubmacher Dirk , Huang Alice H
Published: June 2020

Tendon injuries are common with poor healing potential. The paucity of therapies for tendon injuries is due to our limited understanding of the cells and molecular pathways that drive tendon regeneration. Using a mouse model of neonatal tendon regeneration, we identified TGFβ signaling as a major molecular pathway that drives neonatal tendon regeneration. Through targeted gene deletion, small molecule inhibition, and lineage tracing, we elucidated TGFβ-dependent and TGFβ-independent mechanisms underlying tendon regeneration. Importantly, functional recovery depended on canonical TGFβ signaling and loss of function is due to impaired tenogenic cell recruitment from both Scleraxis-lineage and non-Scleraxis-lineage sources. We show that TGFβ signaling is directly required in neonatal tenocytes for recruitment and that TGFβ ligand is positively regulated in tendons. Collectively, these results show a functional role for canonical TGFβ signaling in tendon regeneration and offer new insights toward the divergent cellular activities that distinguish regenerative vs fibrotic healing.
A non-canonical role for the EDC4 decapping factor in regulating MARF1-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Brothers William R , Hebert Steven , Kleinman Claudia L , Fabian Marc R
Published: June 2020

EDC4 is a core component of processing (P)-bodies that binds the DCP2 decapping enzyme and stimulates mRNA decay. EDC4 also interacts with mammalian MARF1, a recently identified endoribonuclease that promotes oogenesis and contains a number of RNA binding domains, including two RRMs and multiple LOTUS domains. How EDC4 regulates MARF1 action and the identity of MARF1 target mRNAs is not known. Our transcriptome-wide analysis identifies bona fide MARF1 target mRNAs and indicates that MARF1 predominantly binds their 3’ UTRs via its LOTUS domains to promote their decay. We also show that a MARF1 RRM plays an essential role in enhancing its endonuclease activity. Importantly, we establish that EDC4 impairs MARF1 activity by preventing its LOTUS domains from binding target mRNAs. Thus, EDC4 not only serves as an enhancer of mRNA turnover that binds DCP2, but also as a repressor that binds MARF1 to prevent the decay of MARF1 target mRNAs.
Mechanisms of nucleotide selection by telomerase
Authors: Schaich Matthew A , Sanford Samantha L , Welfer Griffin A , Johnson Samuel A , Khoang Thu H , Opresko Patricia L , Freudenthal Bret D
Published: June 2020

Telomerase extends telomere sequences at chromosomal ends to protect genomic DNA. During this process it must select the correct nucleotide from a pool of nucleotides with various sugars and base pairing properties, which is critically important for the proper capping of telomeric sequences by shelterin. Unfortunately, how telomerase selects correct nucleotides is unknown. Here, we determined structures of Tribolium castaneum telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) throughout its catalytic cycle and mapped the active site residues responsible for nucleoside selection, metal coordination, triphosphate binding, and RNA template stabilization. We found that TERT inserts a mismatch or ribonucleotide ~1 in 10,000 and ~1 in 14,000 insertion events, respectively. At biological ribonucleotide concentrations, these rates translate to ~40 ribonucleotides inserted per 10 kilobases. Human telomerase assays determined a conserved tyrosine steric gate regulates ribonucleotide insertion into telomeres. Cumulatively, our work provides insight into how telomerase selects the proper nucleotide to maintain telomere integrity.
Hva med åpen læring?
Authors: Løkse Mariann
Published: June 2020

Nye erfaringer kan tvinge fram nye tanker og i noen tilfeller ny praksis. Våren 2020 ble et unikt semester på mange måter. Fra en dag til den neste ble digital undervisning normen og ordinære forelesninger og seminarer ble satt på pause. Kan vi bruke noen av disse erfaringene til å tenke nytt om deling av læringsressurser? Universitetsbiblioteket ønsker å knytte erfaringer fra det mangeårige arbeidet med åpen tilgang til forskning til de erfaringene som nå gjøres med digitalisering av undervisning. Er det på tide å tenke åpen undervisning på samme måte som vi tenker åpen forskning? Til tross for vesensforskjeller i både teori, metoder og praksis, ser vi også likheter som kan være med på å bane vei for en mer helhetlig tankegang omkring åpenhet i akademia.
Open Polar
Authors: Abu-Alam Tamer
Published: June 2020

Data from the Polar Regions are of critical importance to modern research and decision makers. Regardless of their disciplinary and institutional affiliations, researchers rely heavily on the comparison of existing data with new data sets to assess changes that are taking effect. However, in a recent survey of 113 major polar data providers, we found that an estimated 60% of the existing polar research data is unfindable through common search engines and can only be accessed through institutional webpages. This raises an awareness sign of the need of the scientific community to harvest different metadata related to the Polar Regions and collect it in a homogenous, seamless database and making this database available to researchers, students and publics through one search platform.

This contribution describes the progress in an ongoing project, Open Polar, started in 2019 at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. The project aims to collect metadata about all the open-access research data, articles and other scholarly documents related to the Polar Regions in a homogenous and seamless database. During the first six months of the project, the beta version of the user-interface was established, with a search by map and an advanced search function. An extensive geo-database that includes thousands of polar locations and their geographic information was collected from different sources. The geo-database together with a list of keywords (i.e. on sources, indigenous peoples, languages and other polar-related keywords) will be used in the filtration process.

A Reference Board was formed, and the first board meeting took place in April 2020. The geographic definition of “Polar Regions” was defined in order to include most of the current geographic definitions of “Arctic”. The project is still facing some challenges that include for example integration with non-standard data sources who do not use Dublin Core Metadata schema, or are not harvestable through the Open Access Initiative’s standard protocol for harvesting (OAI-PMH).
Mot åpen vitenskap ved UiT
Authors: Raade Johanne
Published: June 2020

I denne teksten beskrives kort utviklingen med åpen publisering etter 2003, da Helge Salvesen holdt sitt foredrag om det nye fenomenet Open Access. Salvesen peker i sitt foredrag på noen sentrale dilemmaer i arbeidet med åpen tilgang, slik han så det i 2003. Noen av disse dilemmaene er fortsatt relevante i dagens publiseringsregime. Den gang var det særlig tilgjengeliggjøring av forskningsartikler i åpne arkiv og universitetenes holdning til dette som var bakteppet. I dag vil vi inkludere både åpen publisering og åpne arkiv i det mer omfattende feltet åpen forskning (Open Science), som også inkluderer bl.a. data og undervisning.
Reconstruction of past distribution for the Mongolian toad, Strauchbufo raddei (Anura: Bufonidae) using environmental modeling
Authors: Litvinchuk Spartak N. , Schepina Natalya A. , Borzée Amaël
Published: June 2020

The use of ecological models enables determining the current distribution of species, but also their past distribution when matching climatic conditions are available. In specific cases, they can also be used to determine the likelihood of fossils to belong to the same species—under the hypothesis that all individuals of a species have the same ecological requirements. Here, using environmental modeling, we reconstructed the distribution of the Mongolian toad, Strauchbufo raddei, since the Last Glacial Maximum and thus covering the time period between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. We found the range of the species to have shifted over time, with the LGM population clustered around the current southern range of the species, before expanding east and north during the Pleistocene, and reaching the current range since the mid-Holocene. Finally, we determined that the ecological conditions during the life-time of the mid-Pleistocene fossils attributed to the species in Europe were too different from the one of the extant species or fossils occurring at the same period in Asia to belong to the same species.
Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs: evidence from the Campanian of New Mexico
Authors: Fowler Denver W. , Freedman Fowler Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2020

Three new chasmosaurines from the Kirtland Formation (~75.0–73.4 Ma), New Mexico, form morphological and stratigraphic intermediates between Pentaceratops (~74.7–75 Ma, Fruitland Formation, New Mexico) and Anchiceratops (~72–71 Ma, Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta). The new specimens exhibit gradual enclosure of the parietal embayment that characterizes Pentaceratops, providing support for the phylogenetic hypothesis that Pentaceratops and Anchiceratops are closely related. This stepwise change of morphologic characters observed in chasmosaurine taxa that do not overlap stratigraphically is supportive of evolution by anagenesis. Recently published hypotheses that place Pentaceratops and Anchiceratops into separate clades are not supported. This phylogenetic relationship demonstrates unrestricted movement of large-bodied taxa between hitherto purported northern and southern provinces in the late Campanian, weakening support for the hypothesis of extreme faunal provincialism in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior.
Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
Authors: Gálvez Dumas , Añino Yostin , Vega Carlos , Bonilla Eleodoro
Published: June 2020

Empirical evidence of immune priming in arthropods keeps growing, both at the within- and trans-generational level. The evidence comes mostly from work on insects and it remains unclear for some other arthropods whether exposure to a non-lethal dose of a pathogen provides protection during a second exposure with a lethal dose. A poorly investigated group are arachnids, with regard to the benefits of immune priming measured as improved survival. Here, we investigated immune priming in two arachnids: the wolf spider Lycosa cerrofloresiana and the scorpion Centruroides granosus. We injected a third of the individuals with lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli (LPS, an immune elicitor), another third were injected with the control solution (PBS) and the other third were kept naive. Four days after the first inoculations, we challenged half of the individuals of each group with an injection of a high dose of E. coli and the other half was treated with the control solution. For scorpions, individuals that were initially injected with PBS or LPS did not differ in their survival rates against the bacterial challenge. Individuals injected with LPS showed higher survival than that of naive individuals as evidence of immune priming. Individuals injected with PBS tended to show higher survival rates than naive individuals, but the difference was not significant—perhaps suggesting a general immune upregulation caused by the wounding done by the needle. For spiders, we did not observe evidence of priming, the bacterial challenge reduced the survival of naive, PBS and LPS individuals at similar rates. Moreover; for scorpions, we performed antibacterial assays of hemolymph samples from the three priming treatments (LPS, PBS and naive) and found that the three treatments reduced bacterial growth but without differences among treatments. As non-model organisms, with some unique differences in their immunological mechanisms as compared to the most studied arthropods (insects), arachnids provide an unexplored field to elucidate the evolution of immune systems.
Computational analysis of microRNA-mediated interactions in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Saçar Demirci Müşerref Duygu , Adan Aysun
Published: June 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression found in more than 200 diverse organisms. Although it is still not fully established if RNA viruses could generate miRNAs, there are examples of miRNA like sequences from RNA viruses with regulatory functions. In the case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are several mechanisms that would make miRNAs impact the virus, like interfering with viral replication, translation and even modulating the host expression. In this study, we performed a machine learning based miRNA prediction analysis for the SARS-CoV-2 genome to identify miRNA-like hairpins and searched for potential miRNA-based interactions between the viral miRNAs and human genes and human miRNAs and viral genes. Overall, 950 hairpin structured sequences were extracted from the virus genome and based on the prediction results, 29 of them could be precursor miRNAs. Targeting analysis showed that 30 viral mature miRNA-like sequences could target 1,367 different human genes. PANTHER gene function analysis results indicated that viral derived miRNA candidates could target various human genes involved in crucial cellular processes including transcription, metabolism, defense system and several signaling pathways such as Wnt and EGFR signalings. Protein class-based grouping of targeted human genes showed that host transcription might be one of the main targets of the virus since 96 genes involved in transcriptional processes were potential targets of predicted viral miRNAs. For instance, basal transcription machinery elements including several components of human mediator complex (MED1, MED9, MED12L, MED19), basal transcription factors such as TAF4, TAF5, TAF7L and site-specific transcription factors such as STAT1 were found to be targeted. In addition, many known human miRNAs appeared to be able to target viral genes involved in viral life cycle such as S, M, N, E proteins and ORF1ab, ORF3a, ORF8, ORF7a and ORF10. Considering the fact that miRNA-based therapies have been paid attention, based on the findings of this study, comprehending mode of actions of miRNAs and their possible roles during SARS-CoV-2 infections could create new opportunities for the development and improvement of new therapeutics.
Effect of Addition of Citric Acid and Sodium Benzoate on pH and Microbial Profile of Soymilk
Authors: Agbaka Johnpaul I. , Ishiwu Charles N. , Ibrahim Ajibola N.
Published: June 2020

Aim: To study the synergistic effect of chemical preservatives on the keeping quality of soymilk.

Study Design: Ten soymilk samples were prepared and treated with different concentrations of citric acid and sodium benzoate and stored at ambient conditions.

Place and duration of Study: The present study was conducted at the Department of Food Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka between March 2015 and June 2016

Methodology: Ten (10) soymilk samples were prepared. Soybean seeds (2 kg) that are free of dirt and stones were weighed and steeped in 4 L of tap water, a 12 h steeping regime was adopted. Each soymilk sample was formulated by adding different concentrations of sodium benzoate and citric acid, while the control sample had no treatment. All soymilk samples were then boiled at 75oC for 15 minutes and stored in storage bottles. Standard microbiological techniques were employed in the isolation and enumeration of potential spoilage organisms in soymilk samples. pH analysis was conducted throughout the storage period.

Results: There was a decrease in pH of all soymilk samples with increasing storage time. pH at day 0 ranged between 6.2 to 7.2. Isolated bacteria in 10 soymilk samples included Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter species. However, results obtained showed that soymilk could keep up to 7 days at ambient temperature, encouraging the use of citric acid and sodium benzoate as chemical preservatives.

Conclusion: In the present study, preservation of soymilk samples from a combination of citric acid and sodium benzoate which are chemical preservatives was found to be more effective than several organic preservatives. Hence, they represent an alternative source of chemical antimicrobial substances for use in food systems to prevent the growth of food borne microorganisms and extend the shelf-life of processed food.
Moisture Dependent Physical Properties of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Relevant for Design of Processing Machines
Authors: Jaiyeoba K. F. , Ogunlade C. A. , Kwanaki O. S. , Fadele O. K.
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the degree of influence of moisture content on some physical properties of nutmeg. The nutmeg seeds were subjected to six different levels of moisture content (5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15% db). Moisture content had a significant effect on the physical properties (p <0.05). A decrease in moisture content led to a decrease in length, width, thickness, geometric, arithmetic, square and equivalent mean diameters. Moisture content had a linear relationship with sphericity, projected and surface area, bulk and true density while it had an inverse relationship with porosity and angle of repose. Moisture content had a significant effect on coefficient of friction of nutmeg on the four surfaces considered (glass, stainless steel, plywood and rubber). Glass, stainless steel, plywood and rubber have an increasing coefficient of friction respectively; this implies that materials will move easily with lesser resistance on glass and stainless steel compared to more resistance on plywood. The data obtained will guide engineers, food processors and technicians in accurate selection of machine parts in design and constructions of sorting, separating, cleaning equipment and post harvest machines which will eventually aid commercialization and efficient processing of the spice crop.