bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membangun Masyarakat Toleran di Daerah Plural: Pengalaman Masyarakat Muslim dan Kristen di Cianjur, Jawa Barat
Authors: Setia Paelani , Rahman Mohammad Taufiq , Rosyad Rifki
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini membahas tentang toleransi masyarakat Muslim dan Kristen di Kampung Palalangon, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap tokoh-tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama dan pemuda untuk menggali nilai-nilai yang melandasi kehidupan sosial yang toleran. Selain itu, penulis juga mengobservasi kegiatan-kegiatan yang melibatkan semua warga desa tanpa membeda-bedakan agamanya, terutama di perayaan hari besar nasional dan hari besar keagamaan. Penulis menarik kesimpulan dari bukti-bukti yang ada bahwa toleransi dapat dikembangkan selama ada faktor-faktor tertentu yang mendorongnya. Sebagai contoh, tokoh agama sering kali memegang dan menyebarkan keyakinan yang mendorong toleransi. Kemudian ada contoh yang baik yang diberikan oleh para pemimpin masyarakat untuk mempromosikan hidup berdampingan di lingkungan sekitar. Masyarakat secara keseluruhan juga menerima ketergantungan dan rasa hormat terhadap individu lain karena ingin mencapai kehidupan yang toleran. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya tentang topik toleransi beragama diperkuat oleh hasil penelitian ini, yang dilakukan di Desa Palalangon, Cianjur, Jawa Barat.
Pendekatan Semantik Makna Thagha dan I'tada dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Hilmi Muhammad Zainul
Published: January 2024

Kata “thagha” dan derivasinya dalam Al-Qur'an disebutkan sebanyak 39 kali dalam 39 ayat. Secara makna dasarnya, kata “thagha” dan derivasinya memiliki berbagai makna, termasuk melampaui batas, sombong, berlebihan, dan pembangkang. Adapun makna relasionalnya, kata “thagha” dan derivasinya dapat melibatkan berbagai aspek, seperti melampaui batas dalam konteks Akidah, Hukum, Ibadah, Akhlak, Gerak fisik, Air, Sikap, Penilaian, dan Keadaan alam.Kata “I’tada” dan derivasinya dalam Al-Qur'an juga disebutkan sebanyak 39 kali. Secara makna dasarnya, kata “I’tada” dan derivasinya memiliki makna seperti menolak, melawan, menahan, menentang, bertahan, tahan, membalas, menjawab, bertempur, berjuang, memperselisihkan, membantahi, membandingkan, memberi perlawanan, mengikutsertakan, melaksanakan, menjatuhkan penunggangnya, melompat-lompat tinggi, berusaha sungguh-sungguh, memberontak, membangkang, membangkangi, bersaing, berpendapat, berbantah, bertengkar, menjijikkan, memuakkan, memualkan, dan membendung. Adapun makna relasionalnya, kata “I’tada” dan derivasinya dapat terkait dengan berbagai konteks, seperti had, berperang, waktu, hukum, sikap, waktu, akhlak, berdoa, dan penyembelihan.
Selayang Pandang Tafsir Aqo’idi
Authors: Rahmawati Ratih , Arifin Syarah Sofiah , Yunus Badruzzaman M.
Published: January 2024

Perkembangan disiplin ilmu berdampak pada perkembangan dunia tafsir. Kecenderungan seorang mufassir dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat Al-Quran menjadi penyebab munculnya berbagai gaya penafsiran. Tafsir aqo’idi merupakan salah satu gaya tafsir yang turut mewarnai khazanah keilmuan dalam bidang tafsir. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengkaji tafsir gaya aqo’idi sebagai upaya menambah wawasan dan pemahaman tentang sejarah lahirnya tafsir gaya aqo’idi serta memahami berbagai dinamikanya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan tinjauan pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Tafsir 'Aqoidi merupakan tafsir yang menggunakan pendekatan teologis. Sejarah munculnya aliran teologis ini dimulai pada masa Perang Shiffin, dan terjadi perselisihan antar umat Islam terkait peristiwa Tahkim. Ruang lingkup Tafsir ‘Aqoidi adalah pembahasan ilmu kalam yang menyangkut ideologi aliran. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menjelaskan perdebatan para ulama mengenai Tafsir Aqo'idi dan menulis beberapa buku karya mufassir di beberapa aliran, seperti Muta'zillah, Syiah, Sunni dan Sufi.
Metode Tafsir Muqaran Dilihat Kembali
Authors: Fitriatunnisa Aida , Rafdi Danendra Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Secara garis besar, penafsiran Al-Qur’an dilakukan melalui empat metode yaitu ijmali (global), tahlili (analitis), muqarran (perbandingan), dan maudhu’i (tematik). Diantara keempat metode penafsiran tersebut, satu diantaranya adalah metode muqaran yang berarti komparatif atau perbandingan. Metode ini di dalamnya menyajikan perbandingan antara satu tafsir dengan tafsir lainnya, baik dari ayat, hadis, pendapat para mufasir, maupun perbandingan dengan kitab suci agama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan beberapa pendapat para pakar tafsir mengenai definisi, kemunculan, urgensi, dan juga langkah-langkah tafsir muqarran, dengan tujuan untuk memunculkan wacana kajian yang lebih luas lagi. Penelitian ini tergolong kepada jenis kualitatif dengan menggunakan library research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tafsir muqaran telah dilakukan sejak masa nabi dan berlangsung hingga sekarang. Keberadaan tafsir muqaran ini juga terbilang penting mengingat kelebihan yang dimiliki olehnya.
Tafsir Lughawi: Historisitas dan Perdebatannya
Authors: Edi Edi , Fangesty Maolidya Asri Siwi
Published: January 2024

Diantara cara untuk mengetahui makna Al-Qur’an adalah menggunakan corak bahasa karena Al-Qur’an sendiri berbahasa Arab. Para ulama pun telah melakukan kajian menggunakan corak tafsir lughawi ini meskipun terdapat banyak perdebatan di dalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan sejarah, batasan, perdebatan ulama mengenai tafsir lughawi dan kitab-kitab tafsir yang bercorak lughawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tekhnik pengumpulan data library research (studi pustaka). Secara aplikatif, menjelaskan Al-Qur’an menggunakan bahasa sudah dilakukan oleh Rasulullah Saw. Kemudian menafsirkannya dilakukan oleh Ibnu Abbas abad 1-2 hijriyah. Namun secara teoretis tafsir lughawi muncul di abad ke 5 hijriyah. Tafsir ini memuat bahasan nahwu, sharaf dan balaghah. Adanya tafsir lughawi tak lepas dari perdebatan para ulama karena tafsir ini dinilai terlalu bertele-tele, rujukan yang digunakan menggunakan kaidah bahasa Arab bukan ayat Al-Qur’an dan hadis serta cenderung subjektif pada kepentingan golongan mufassir dan melupakan tujuan utama untuk mencari makna Al-Qur’an. Diantara kitab tafsir lughawi yang masyhur adalah tafsir al-Kasysyaf, Bahrul Muhith, al-Bayan lil Qur’an al-Karim dan al-Furqan. Tafsir lughawi mengalami perkembangan terutama dalam metode penulisan tafsir al-Bayan lil Qur’an al-Karim karya Aisyah Abdurrahman Bintu Syathi’.
Tafsir Lughawi dalam Perspektif Sejarah
Authors: Mahdy Widyanto Naufal
Published: January 2024

Salah satu corak penafsiran Al-Qur’an adalah corak penafsiran kebahasaan atau yang dikenal dengan tafsir lughawi. Munculnya corak penafsiran ini sebagai upaya untuk menggali makna kandungan Al-Qur’an, karena bahasa merupakan faktor utama untuk memahami Al-Qur’an. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji corak tafsir lughawi dari segi sejarah, perdebatan ulama akan kemunculan tafsir lughawi hingga kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui kajian pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tafsir lughawi memiliki peran penting untuk menemukan makna kandungan Al-Qur’an. Melalui corak penafsiran lughawi para mufasir dapat mengungkap berbagai konsep seperti etika, seni dan imajinasi Al-Qur’an. Salah satu contoh kitab yang menggunakan corak penafsiran tafsir lughawi adalah Al-Kasyaf karya Mahmud al-Zamakhsyari.
Tafsir ‘Aqo’idi dalam Pembahasan Epistemologi
Authors: Tauviqillaah Muhamad Hamdan , Rahman Mohammad Taufiq
Published: January 2024

Tulisan ini mengkaji tafsir 'aqo'idi dalam kajian epistemologi dengan pembahasan seputar latar belakang sejarah, batasan penafsiran, pandangan ulama dan standar validitas serta kitab-kitab tafsir yang tergolong tafsir 'aqo'idi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis berbasis penelitian kepustakaan. Tujuan dari pembasahan tulisan ini adalah meneliti dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana latar belakang sejarah kemunculan tafsir 'aqo'idi, batasan penafsiran yang tergolong ke dalam corak tafsir 'aqo'idi, bagaimana pandangan ulama dan standar validitas tafsir 'aqo'idi serta kitab tafsir apa saja yang bercorak 'aqo'idi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sejarah tafsir 'aqo'idi berkaitan dengan konflik politik antara kubu Ali bin Abi Thalib dan Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan dalam perang Siffin. Kepentingan dan tujuan kelompok menjadi latar belakang munculnya penafsiran bernuansa 'aqo'idi. Batasan Tafsir 'aqo'idi pada penafsiran seputar persolan ketuhanan dan politik kekuasaan. Para ulama memandang tafsir 'aqo'idi tergolong tafsir bi al-ra'yi sehingga standar validitas tafsir 'aqo'idi linier dengan tafsir al-ra'yi. Jika tafsir 'aqo'idi tergolong bi al-ra'yi al-madzmum yang penafsirannya atas dasar dorongan hawa nafsu dan menjadi pembenaran kepetingan kelompok tertentu, maka tafsir corak tersebut tidak terima. Kitab tafsir ‘aqo’idi kelompok Sunni dapat ditemukan dalam kitab Mafatih al-Ghaib karya al-Razi. Kitab tafsir ‘aqo’idi kelompok Muktazilah terdapat pada kitab al-Kasyaf karya al-Zamaksyari dan kitab tafsir golongan Syi’ah adalah al-Mizan karya Husain al-Thabathba’i.
Evaluation of the Informativeness of Features in Datasets for Continuous Verification
Authors: Davydenko Sergey , Kostyuchenko Evgeny , Novikov Sergey
Published: January 2024

Continuous verification eliminates the flaws of existing static authentication, e.g. identifiers can be lost or forgotten, and the user logs in the system only once, which may be dangerous not only for areas requiring a high level of security but also for a regular office. Checking the user dynamically during the whole session of work can improve the security of the system, since while working with the system, the user may be exposed to an attacker (to be assaulted for example) or intentionally transfer rights to him. In this case, the machine will not be operated by the user who performed the initial login. Classifying users continuously will limit access to sensitive data that can be obtained by an attacker. During the study, the methods and datasets used for continuous verification were checked, then some datasets were chosen, which were used in further research: smartphone and smart watch movement data (WISDM) and mouse activity (Chao Shen’s, DFL, Balabit). In order to improve the performance of models in the classification task it is necessary to perform a preliminary selection of features, to evaluate their informativeness. Reducing the number of features makes it possible to reduce the requirements for devices that will be used for their processing, and to increase the volume of enumeration of classifier parameter values at the same time, thereby potentially increasing the proportion of correct answers during classification due to a more complete enumeration of value parameters. For the informativeness evaluation, the Shannon method was used, as well as the algorithms built into programs for data analysis and machine learning (WEKA: Machine Learning Software and RapidMiner). In the course of the study, the informativeness of each feature in the selected datasets was evaluated, and then users were classified with RapidMiner. The used in classifying features selection was decreased gradually with a 20% step. As a result, a table was formed with recommended sets of features for each dataset, as well as dependency graphs of the accuracy and operating time of various models.
Microbial life deep underground: From anaerobic cultures to reconstructed genomes
Authors:   ,   Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Westmeijer George
Published: January 2024

The deep biosphere refers to the vast ecosystem of life beneath the Earth’s surface, residing in the fractured bedrock and pores of rocks, largely isolated from solar energy. These fractures enclose an important reservoir of groundwater that contains microorganisms active in processes such as the uptake of inorganic carbon, sulfur cycling, or the degradation of organic matter. However, there is still much knowledge to be gained on the diversity and function of these subsurface microorganisms, and how the surface influences subsurface life. In this work, I explored interactions among subsurface microorganisms, studied subsurface microbial diversity in the light of surface recharge, and characterized microbial populations residing in biofilms. Potential interactions among microorganisms were explored with anaerobic cultures using groundwaters from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. By removal of larger cells (> 0.45 𝜇m in diameter), an inoculum enriched in ultra-small bacteria (nanobacteria) was obtained. Despite the presence of various sources of energy and nutrients, these nanobacteria did not grow over prolonged incubation times up to four months. Reconstructed genomes confirmed this group of bacteria to have a low metabolic potential, indicative of a symbiotic lifestyle. Characterization of microbial communities in subsurface groundwaters and overlying environments on Äspö island revealed that a substantial proportion of the subsurface community was also detected in soil-hosted groundwaters. Considering the unidirectional water flow, this showed that part of the subsurface diversity between 70 and 460 m depth could originate from surface recharge, especially for the shallower groundwaters. In contrast to the high microbial diversity observed in Äspö groundwaters, characterization of a fracture fluid at 975 m depth in central Sweden revealed a microbial community dominated by a single population, adapted to the energy-limited conditions in the deep subsurface, namely the bacterium Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator. Furthermore, the activity (based on RNA transcripts) of attached microbial populations was measured using flow-cells that facilitated biofilm formation. An elevated number of genes involved in the transition from a planktonic to an attached lifestyle was observed. Interestingly, comparing the microbial activity in the biofilm to the planktonic community revealed Thiobacillus denitrificans to have a principal role in the biofilm formation. Combined, these findings help understand the magnitude of microbial diversity in the continental subsurface as well as how these microorganisms are adapted to cope with the energy limitations in this subsurface ecosystem.
Innehåll och pedagogiska diskurser på lärares kompetensutvecklingsmarknad
Authors: Levinsson Magnus , Norlund Anita , Langelotz Lill
Published: January 2024

Syftet med den här artikeln är att bidra med fördjupad kunskap om innehållet i lärares kompetensutveckling i en decentraliserad utbildningssektor. Specifikt fokus riktas mot hur innehållet i denna kompetensutveckling relaterar till lärares undervisningsuppdrag att utveckla såväl kunskaper som värderingar hos elever. Artikeln tar sin utgångspunkt 679 kompetensutvecklingsfakturor från tre socio-ekonomiskt olika kommuner i Sverige. Teoretiskt är studien baserad i Bernsteins fenomen pedagogisk diskurs, som i sin tur bidrar med de analytiska begreppen instruktionell och regulativ diskurs vilka har styrt analysen av fakturamaterialet. Resultatet åskådliggör i vilken grad kompetensutvecklingsinnehållet orienteras mot ämneskunskaper och generella kompetenser (instruktionell diskurs) respektive det som rör elevers värderingar (regulativ diskurs). Vidare illustrerar resultatet flera samband mellan kompetensutvecklingens diskursiva inriktning, skolform (grundskola och gymnasium) och typ av kompetensutvecklingsaktör. Analysen visar också att innehållet i lärares kompetensutveckling karaktäriseras av att lärare uppmuntras att inta en intraindividuell förändringsambition i relation till sina elever och inte av en ambition om intergruppförändring, det vill säga med syfte att utjämna skillnader mellan sociologiskt definierade grupper.
Hereditary syndromes in pediatric hematooncology
Authors: Kozlova Valentina M. , Zelenova Ekaterina E. , Valiev Timur T. , Semenova Vera V. , Nasedkina Tatiana N. , Mikhailova Svetlana N.
Published: January 2024

Hematooncological diseases head the list in the structure of malignant neoplasms of childhood. Somatic mutations in tumor clone cells have been well studied, included in modern classifications, and are used to stratify patients into prognostic risk groups and select a therapy program. At the same time, more than 50 hereditary syndromes associated with the development of hemoblastoses have been described. Some of them (Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, microdeletion syndromes et al.) are caused by chromosomal pathology, while others describe alterations of one or more genes with different types of inheritance and age of manifestation of hematooncological diseases. Genes of predisposition to hematooncological diseases are involved in the processes of DNA repair, regulation of the cell cycle, immune response and bone marrow function. This article presents current data on genetic syndromes associated with the development of hemoblastosis with a description of their own clinical observations.
Pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical consequences of exposure to new psychoactive substances (“salts”) on a newborn
Authors: Loshkova Elena V. , Doroshenko Ivan V. , Liulka Tatiana S. , Khavkin Anatoly I. , Kondratieva Elena I. , Odinaeva Nuriniso D. , Rafikova Yulia S. , Zhelev Viktor A. , Solnyshko Andrey L. , Mikhalev Evgeniy V. , Ermolenko Sergey P. , Grishkevich Ivan R. , Melnikov Nikolay E. , Bohunetsky Anton A. , Makarevich Elizaveta I.
Published: January 2024

Background. The usage of new psychoactive substances (NPAS) is increasing every year among various social groups around the world. According to various authors, the use of abused drugs during pregnancy remains at a high level — from 2.8 to 7% of pregnant women. The usage of NPAS, as well as other groups of abused drugs, during pregnancy is fraught with intrauterine multi-organ damage, however, any organ and tissue specificity for NPAS has not been described. In intervention trials conducted on laboratory animals, negative pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by synthetic cathinones have been demonstrated in the form of increased proapoptotic activity, the formation of autophagolysosomes and reactive oxygen intermediates in cells of nervous tissue, and the pro-inflammatory orientation of cells of the immune system.

Case report describes a predominant lesion of the nervous system (developmental brain malformations, damage to the inspiratory center) and the musculoskeletal system (pronounced miotonical syndrome, congenital pathological fractures of the femurs), leading to multiorgan dysfunction, uncontrolled inflammatory response and, as a result, to the development of severe disablement of such children and an increase in the cohort of palliative pediatric patients. In the article, the authors focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms of NPAS for a deeper and more holistic understanding of the pathological process occurring in the body, in order to form and improve the medical judgment of specialist doctors and cite their own clinical observation as an illustration of the consequences of using NPAS during pregnancy. The authors believe that this review describing the case report is valuable from the point of view of practical applicability both for clinicians of various fields and for researchers.

Conclusion. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the use of NPAS is of great social and economic significance, the description of such clinical observations, as well as in vitro studies, is relevant, and the expansion of ideas about the short-term and long-term negative consequences of the use of NPAS should serve as an initiating stage for the development of rehabilitation strategies for these patients
Undesirable Biases in NLP: Addressing Challenges of Measurement
Authors: Van der Wal Oskar , Bachmann Dominik , Leidinger Alina , Van Maanen Leendert , Zuidema Willem , Schulz Katrin
Published: January 2024

As Large Language Models and Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology rapidly develop and spread into daily life, it becomes crucial to anticipate how their use could harm people. One problem that has received a lot of attention in recent years is that this technology has displayed harmful biases, from generating derogatory stereotypes to producing disparate outcomes for different social groups. Although a lot of effort has been invested in assessing and mitigating these biases, our methods of measuring the biases of NLP models have serious problems and it is often unclear what they actually measure. In this paper, we provide an interdisciplinary approach to discussing the issue of NLP model bias by adopting the lens of psychometrics — a field specialized in the measurement of concepts like bias that are not directly observable. In particular, we will explore two central notions from psychometrics, the construct validity and the reliability of measurement tools, and discuss how they can be applied in the context of measuring model bias. Our goal is to provide NLP practitioners with methodological tools for designing better bias measures, and to inspire them more generally to explore tools from psychometrics when working on bias measurement tools.
This article appears in the AI & Society track.
The AI Race: Why Current Neural Network-based Architectures are a Poor Basis for Artificial General Intelligence
Authors: Sublime Jérémie
Published: January 2024

Artificial General Intelligence is the idea that someday an hypothetical agent will arise from artificial intelligence (AI) progresses, and will surpass by far the brightest and most gifted human minds. This idea has been around since the early development of AI. Since then, scenarios on how such AI may behave towards humans have been the subject of many fictional and research works. This paper analyzes the current state of artificial intelligence progresses, and how the current AI race with the ever faster release of impressive new AI methods (that can deceive humans, outperform them at tasks we thought impossible to tackle by AI a mere decade ago, and that disrupt the job market) have raised concerns that Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) might be coming faster that we thought. In particular, we focus on 3 specific families of modern AIs to develop the idea that deep neural networks, which are the current backbone of nearly all artificial intelligence methods, are poor candidates for any AGI to arise due to their many limitations, and therefore that any threat coming from the recent AI race does not lie in AGI but in the limitations, uses, and lack of regulations of our current models and algorithms.
This article appears in the AI & Society track.
COMBUSTION OF ALUMINUM PARTICLES IN A STREAM OF STEAM
Authors: Miceli Alessandro , Casuscelli Federico , Corcione Alessandro Domenico , Cozzi Davide , DellâAcqua Simone , Forte Lorenzo , Paris Sergio , Perrucci Gianmario , Sani Pandolfo Ansano
Published: January 2024

Several models for aluminum combustion have been proposed, thus an overview of the combustion characteristics of aluminum powders is presented, taking into account both early and recent research activities and distinguishing between micron-sized and nano-sized aluminum. A collection of models for the two classes is discussed and compared, considering different environments in terms of
oxidizers (H2O, O2, CO2), diluents (N2, Ar), temperature and pressure. In particular, the oxidation and the combustion of aluminum in steam are addressed, highlighting the oxidizing capabilities of various species. Different models are implemented for the complete description of aluminum combustion in the micron range, since smaller particles (1-10 μm) burn differently from bigger ones: both kinetics-based and diffusion-based processes are analyzed, stressing the role of reaction paths as well as diffusive phenomena. A single mechanism (kinetics-based) is identified and modeled for
the combustion of nano-sized aluminum, outlining the limits and hypotheses for the application. For both sizes, only homogeneous reactions are considered and a model for the growth of an oxide cap on the surface of the particle is implemented. The results obtained are compared to the available numerical simulations and experimental evidence, aiming at the approximation of the burning time
through the Dn law. Also, the profile over time of the temperature, the radius of the particle and the
concentrations of the different chemical species involved in the reactions are analyzed.
Effect of recycled aggregate treatment methods by pristine graphene on mechanical and durability properties of concrete
Authors: Gholampour Aliakbar , Sofi Massoud , Tang Youhong
Published: January 2024

Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) in concrete is a promising approach to minimise the environmental impacts associated with construction and demolition waste while simultaneously enhancing the sustainability of concrete. Improving the quality of RCAs is crucial for promoting confidence among materials suppliers and systematic utilisation of RCAs in construction. Pristine graphene (PG) suspensions (0.1% and 0.2% concentrations in water) were investigated for improving the properties of RCAs and thereby improving the mechanical and durability properties of concretes made with 100% RCAs as coarse aggregates. Two PG treatment methods were used – spraying and soaking. Nano-silica (NS) suspensions of the same concentrations were also used for comparison. Tests for axial compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths were performed; water absorption and drying shrinkage were also assessed. Microanalysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and micro computed tomography. PG was found to be more effective than NS for increasing strength properties and reducing water absorption and drying shrinkage of concrete due to its lower porosity. For a given nanomaterial concentration and type, concretes made with soaked RCA exhibited higher strengths and lower water absorption and drying shrinkage than concretes with sprayed RCA. The concretes made with soaked RCA also had lower porosity and fewer microcracks. The results are promising and indicate that treating RCAs reduces their water absorption, thereby improving concrete performance.
Renal Mitochondrial ATP Transporter Ablation Ameliorates Obesity-Induced CKD
Authors: Permyakova Anna , Hamad Sharleen , Hinden Liad , Baraghithy Saja , Kogot-Levin Aviram , Yosef Omri , Shalev Ori , Tripathi Manish Kumar , Amal Haitham , Basu Abhishek , Arif Muhammad , Cinar Resat , Kunos George , Berger Michael , Leibowitz Gil , Tam Joseph
Published: January 2024

Significance Statement

This study sheds light on the central role of adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced CKD. Our data demonstrate that ANT2 depletion in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) leads to a shift in their primary metabolic program from fatty acid oxidation to aerobic glycolysis, resulting in mitochondrial protection, cellular survival, and preservation of renal function. These findings provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced CKD and have the potential to be translated toward the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for this debilitating condition.

Background

The impairment in ATP production and transport in RPTCs has been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced CKD. This condition is characterized by kidney dysfunction, inflammation, lipotoxicity, and fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the role of ANT2, which serves as the primary regulator of cellular ATP content in RPTCs, in the development of obesity-induced CKD.

Methods

We generated RPTC-specific ANT2 knockout (RPTC-ANT2
−/−) mice, which were then subjected to a 24-week high-fat diet–feeding regimen. We conducted comprehensive assessment of renal morphology, function, and metabolic alterations of these mice. In addition, we used large-scale transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses to gain insights into the role of ANT2 in regulating mitochondrial function, RPTC physiology, and overall renal health.

Results

Our findings revealed that obese RPTC-ANT2
−/− mice displayed preserved renal morphology and function, along with a notable absence of kidney lipotoxicity and fibrosis. The depletion of Ant2 in RPTCs led to a fundamental rewiring of their primary metabolic program. Specifically, these cells shifted from oxidizing fatty acids as their primary energy source to favoring aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon mediated by the testis-selective Ant4.

Conclusions

We propose a significant role for RPTC-Ant2 in the development of obesity-induced CKD. The nullification of RPTC-Ant2 triggers a cascade of cellular mechanisms, including mitochondrial protection, enhanced RPTC survival, and ultimately the preservation of kidney function. These findings shed new light on the complex metabolic pathways contributing to CKD development and suggest potential therapeutic targets for this condition.
Diffractive Dramaturgies in Our Lady of Shadows
Authors: Woycicki Piotr , Gough Lucy
Published: January 2024

In this article we will look at a practice-as-research collaboration between us Author A, Author B, Eddie Ladd and formerly Karoline Gritzner which explored the aesthetics of neo-medievalism through an intermedial dramaturgy and digital scenography. Currently the project has two forms, an intermedial theatrical version of Author A's radio play Our Lady of Shadows (broadcast on BBC Radio 3), which is a radical adaptation of Alfred Tennyson's famous poem, The Lady of Shalott and an augmented reality version of the radio play which also functions as its documentation. The work combines dramatic text, physical performance, digital scenography, painting, animation and music in an intermedial exploration of the tenuous pact between reality and imagination.In the first instance we will introduce the project and then we will explore how Karen Barad’s concept of ‘diffraction’ can form the basis of a dramaturgical approach as suggested by Vlad Butucea (2022) and analyse how it manifests itself in our practice-as-research. Even though Barad’s concept is an analytical methodology in her writing, we are wondering what a concept of a ‘diffractive dramaturgy’ would be like, one that is based on the interferences between layers of technology and live performance? As such we will attempt to present our research findings in the form of a manifesto for a ‘diffractive dramaturgy’. In the final section of the article, we will explore the wider cultural and political implications of this project by framing it through Katherine Hayles’ concept of the ‘posthuman’.
Facebook Social Use and Anxiety: A Replication Attempt
Authors: Elizabeth Sillence  , Tamsin K Saxton  , Thomas Pollet
Published: January 2024

The relationship between social media use and mental health remains under scrutiny by researchers, policy makers, and the general public. Recently, researchers have addressed whether Facebook use is beneficial to people with high social anxiety. The findings from such studies are mixed, partly due to differences in how variables are operationalised. A study by McCord et al (McCord, B., Rodebaugh, T. L., & Levinson, C. A., 2014. Facebook: Social uses and anxiety.  Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 23-27) suggested that the inclusion of a new variable, Facebook-centric social anxiety, helps explain the complex relationship between general social anxiety and frequency of usage of socially-interactive Facebook features. We undertook two studies (N=202 and N=542; majority British and non-student participants) with the aim of replicating McCord et al (2014), using the original measures (general social anxiety, Facebook-centric social anxiety, and frequency of usage of socially-interactive Facebook features). Replicating the original study, we found a significant positive association between general social anxiety and Facebook-centric social anxiety. However, unlike the original study, we did not find evidence that general social anxiety and Facebook-centric social anxiety interacted to predict frequency of usage of socially-interactive Facebook features. We discuss the implications for future research on social Facebook use.
Numerical simulations in a generalized Liénard's type system
Authors: Juan E Nápoles Valdés , Paula Macarena Roa
Published: January 2024

In this note we present some numerical simulations of the asymptotic behavior of a Generalized Liénard Equation, taking into account a recently defined differential operator. We must point out that these numerical variations have not been obtained as usual: by varying the functions of the right member of the system considered, but, on the contrary, by varying the kernels and the order of the generalized operator used. The above provides breadth and generality to the results obtained, which complement some known in the literature.
UV decontamination of reagents/buffers v1
Authors: Essel Elena , Meyer Matthias , Szymanski Merlin
Published: January 2024

Protocol for reducing DNA contamination of reagents and buffers used in the ancient DNA cleanroom by UV treatment.
Protocol for RNAseq analysis of identified gastric vagal afferent neurons v1
Authors: Stebbing Martin , C Molero Juan
Published: January 2024

This protocol describes methods to dissociate nodose ganglion neurons from rats, identify and specifically collect neurons previously labeled using retrograde tracing, and then perform short read RNAseq analysis on pooled samples of small numbers of neurons or single neuronal cells. The parameters of the analysis are designed to allow deep sequencing (pooled cell samples, high numbers of reads per sample) to enable robust identification of genes expressed at low copy numbers that are important for neuronal function, such as ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors. It also includes a basic description of the sorts of differential expression analysis that can be performed on sequencing/transcriptomic data of this type.
Modeling neurophysiological and psychomotor relevant criteria in children with motor dysfunction
Authors: Malakhova Zh. L. , Tynterova A. M. , Korenev S. V. , Tikhonova O. A. , Perminova L. A. , Botman S. A.
Published: January 2024

Background. Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of childhood disability among diseases of the nervous system, the prevalence of which averages 2.5 cases per 1,000 children.Aim. To identify relevant indicators in relation to the prediction of delayed rates of neuropsychic development in children and the formation of cerebral palsy in children 5–8 years old using mathematical modeling.Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients aged 5–8 years: 79 patients with neurological disorders and deviations in psycho-speech development, 21 patients – comparison group. The examination of children in both groups included: analysis of the child’s life history, analysis of psychomotor development in the first year of life, analysis of morbidity in the first year of life, assessment of psychomotor development at the time of the study, electroneuromyography using stimulation and superficial electroneuromyography, as well as ultrasound examination of the lower leg muscles with assessment of the functional state and muscle density using fibroscan.For statistical processing of the obtained data, descriptive statistics were performed. Determination of the statistical significance of indicators was carried out using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for continuously distributed values and Fisher’s exact test for discrete values. One-hot coding was used to represent categorical features. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using a Python program using the pandas, numpy, scikit-learn, and boruta libraries.Results and conclusion. For children with deviations in neuropsychic development, significant early diagnostic markers are parameters of psychomotor development and neurological status (age when the child began to hold his head, decreased strength of the flexors of the foot and hip, level of walking) and instrumental examination (ultrasound of muscles thighs, electroneuromyography) – changes in the density and parameters of electrical excitability of muscles, which can serve as an early diagnostic sign of the development of motor dysfunction and an indicator for the formation of a trajectory of rehabilitation therapy.
Moral Education as a Subject and Negative Instruction
Authors:   The Korean Society for the Study of Moral Education, Park Daeho
Published: January 2024

Moral education as a subject is based on the simple belief that moral education can and should be achieved through instruction. However, as Kohlberg’s moral development theory and its influence on Moral Education clearly illustrate, the various theoretical approaches that are influencing Moral Education today have inherent limitations that distinguish them from Moral Education. The distinction ‘in nature’ means that the various theoretical approaches are not theoretical explanations of the moral instructional activity that communicates moral knowledge. Today’s Moral Education tends to be influenced by theoretical approaches that don’t pay due attention to the situations that communicate moral knowledge. This trend resulted in the task of moral instructional activity being replaced by the educational prescriptions provided by each approach. Based on this idea, this study starts from the question ‘What is instruction?’ and focuses on exploring what Moral Education is that satisfies the concept of instruction and what it looks like. Satisfying the concept of instruction should be understood as meeting the conceptual criteria of education, which include communicating ‘something of value’, causing ‘cognitive change’, and ‘the process must be ethical’. In particular, negative instruction is noteworthy in that it faithfully exemplifies moral instructional activity that satisfies the concept of education.
The Educational Value of ‘Hoplomachia’: An Educator’s Reading of Plato’s Laches
Authors:   The Korean Society for the Study of Moral Education, Park Sang-Cheol
Published: January 2024

One of the Plato’s Earlier Dialogue Laches deals with the question of whether hoplomachia (fighting in armor) is helpful in educating virtuous human beings. This question, which can be called the problem of justification of educational content, corresponds to the ‘plot’ that runs through the whole conversations of Laches. First of all, Socrates takes a critical stance against the two generals, who are combat experts, judging the value of hoplomachia in light of its utility on the battlefield. To use the ‘analogy of medicine and eyes’, doing so is no different from discussing and prescribing the value of medicine without knowing the nature and function of the eye for which the medicine will be used. In the context of education, the cultivation of virtuous human beings, including courage, its value must be judged in light of whether it helps to care for the soul. In Socrates' view, no one is outside the care of the soul. In fact, if hoplomachia helps to care for the soul, it is in the hands of those who care for their own souls, and not those who call themselves educational experts. As to my opinion, this position of Socrates has recently been reborn as arguments of R. S. Peters’ ‘education as initiation’ and ‘transcendental justification’.
The Educational Meaning of an Expostulation on King
Authors:   The Korean Society for the Study of Moral Education, park sangjin
Published: January 2024

This article aim to define an educational implication inherent in an expostulation on King by investigation about the theoretical and historical basis of it. As we know, Confucian school prepare the theoretical ground about scholarly official’s expostulation on King and it derive from sense of ethics that is represented the admiration on the culture of Chu(周) Dynasty. According to this, expostulation mean the embodiment of benevolence(仁) and the performance, standing on the basis of ethical emotion and practising the equivalent exchange on ethical value in relationship. Since then this is mentioned ‘Xunzi(荀子)’, Xunhwang(荀況)’s book, and ‘The Scripture on Filial Duty(孝經)’, a writing in Han(漢) Dynasty and this is required as a ethical duty on officials and sons consistently in all Dynasty adopting Confucianism. However the institutionalization of this idea is generally achieved a way guaranteeing the independence of advisory officials’(言官)s duty and advisory route(言路) after 10 Century.
The historical record about institutionalization on scholarly officials’ expostulation is appeared since Korye(高麗) Dynasty. Certainly there are advisory officials under the office of senior ministers(門下省) and invigorating a royal education system(經筵) for King since King Yejong(睿宗) in Korye Dynasty. Especially a royal education system in Korye Dynasty is composed by scholarly officials belong to many departments such as royal literary organization(寶文閣) under King’s control until the last period of Dynasty. This means containing expostulation as an educational work.
An expostulational system is established the ideal way to realize the scholarly King(君師) as an ideal type of king for confucian scholars after Chosŏn(朝鮮) Dynasty. This system aim to bring up King’s virtue(薰陶) and guarantee to advise his opinions freely in the face of King. On this account, royal literary organizations(集賢殿, 藝文館, 그리고 弘文館) in Chosŏn Dynasty are also developed as a consultative one. Therefore it generate the opportunity of the appearance of public politics(公論政治) and factions(朋黨). It is because of a Neo-confucian school who provide the theory to appear the isomorphism between education and expostulation.
Ethnobotanical Survey, Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Pistacia lentiscus L. Growing in Northwestern Algeria
Authors:   Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiological Engineering and Health Safety (LBGMSS). Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences. University of Mascara, Algeria, Bourroubey Bachir , Chelli Nadia ,   Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiological Engineering and Health Safety (LBGMSS). Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences. University of Mascara, Algeria, Tir Touil Aicha ,   Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiological Engineering and Health Safety (LBGMSS). Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences. University of Mascara, Algeria, Meddah Boumediene ,   Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiological Engineering and Health Safety. Faculty of Sciences and Natural Life. University of Mascara, Algeria
Published: January 2024

In the context of biological studies on an antidiabetic plant, we conducted an ethnobotanical study of Pistacia lentiscus L., collected from two regions in the Northwest of Algeria: Mesra (Mostaganem city) and Mohammadia (Mascara city), followed by a chemical and antioxidant studies of methanolic extracts the leaves of this plant. Ethnobotanically, the plant has a large use, especially in traditional medicine as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and cosmetics, such as polishing teeth and maintaining gums, moisturizing hair and protecting follicles, polishing skin and perfuming. Also, results showed its richness in active metabolites, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tanins. The Mesra methanolic extract was more effective than Mohammadia’s one with 90.12 ± 2.74 mg EqGAc/g DW, 41.86 ± 1.52 mg EqCer/g DW, 27.45 ± 056 mg EqCat/g DW while Mohammadia extract revealed 80.31 ± 1.42 mg EqGAc/g DW, 33.92 ± 1.71 mg Eq Cer/g DW, 27.61 ±1.53 mg EqCat/g DW for phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins respectively. In addition, the antioxidant study revealed a powerful antioxidant effect with an IC50 of 0.06 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL for methanolic extract. This antidiabetic plant is valuable from a health point of view, so we are seeking to confirm another biological activity in vitro and in vivo.
Biomarkers for Cancer: A Detail Review
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune-411018, Bhole Ritesh , Bhondave Pravin ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune-411018, Chikhale Rupesh ,   UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK, Bonde Chandrakant ,   NMIMS School of Pharmacy, Shirpur, Dist: Dhule, Gurav Shailendra ,   Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa
Published: January 2024

When aberrant cells multiply uncontrolled, transcend their normal borders, invade nearby tissues, or spread to other organs, a wide spectrum of illnesses collectively referred to as "cancer" can arise in practically every organ or tissue of the body. The second-leading cause of death globally in 2018, cancer was expected to be responsible for 9.6 million deaths, or one in every six fatalities. A cancer biomarker is a characteristic that can be used to gauge a patient's likelihood of developing cancer or its outcome. Various biomarkers can be used at molecular and cellular level. It is crucial that biomarkers undergo thorough review, including analytical validation, clinical validation, and appraisal of clinical value, prior to being included into normal clinical treatment because of the crucial role they play at all stages of disease. We discuss important steps in the creation of biomarkers in this review, including how to prevent introducing bias and standards to adhere to when presenting the findings of biomarker research.
The Pilgrimage Tourism Importance In The Socio-Economic Relations Development
Authors: Shakhzoda Sharipova
Published: January 2024

This article highlights the important tourism role, especially pilgrimage tourism, in the socio-economic relations development. There is information about the attention paid to the tourism sector in our country, the laws and decisions being adopted, their practical significance. There are comments on the religious pilgrimage tourism development, increasing its role in the socio-economic relations development.
Applying Ho Chi Minh’s point of view on the work of cadres in the work “Modifying the working style” to this work in Vietnam today
Authors: Gam Dr. Huynh Thi
Published: January 2024

The work “Modifying the working style” written by President Ho Chi Minh in 1947 warned about the shortcomings, shortcomings, and mistakes of the cadres, party members, hindering the resistance war. of the nation. Over the past 70 years, the work “Modifying the way of working” is still valid because of the current news, the predictions, and predictions that President Ho Chi Minh has pointed out about the dangers to the ruling Party. His views and instructions have been inherited in building a contingent of cadres and civil servants who are both “pink” and “specialized”, in the construction of ways, manners, ethical standards, and working capacity, etc. at the same time, it has a great impact on the construction and strong development of the contingent of cadres in our country today.
A study of “forced-ad resistance” leading to “Skip Ad” on YouTube
Authors: Abdelkader Osama Ahmed
Published: January 2024

The current policy of YouTube forces viewers to watch ads for at least 5 seconds before appearing “Skip Ad” button to continue watching the video. Recent studies show that a large percentage of watchers skip YouTube ads whenever possible but the factors behind such viewers behavior has not been analyzed so far. This paper presents two concepts aiming understanding of YouTube users’ behavior and maximizing the ad effectiveness by exploring; “forced-ad resistance” (FAR) and “ad-characteristics resistance” (ACR) factors. Current study aims to discuss to what extent ad-skipping behavior is affected by the influence of each one of these two factors, and to explore the significant impact of four demographic characteristics: age, gender, education, and income. The data were collected from 2531 of YouTube users through an online questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the results were tested by using a set of statistical measures through SPSS. Based on our findings, recommendations for academics and practitioners in the field of advertising are made.