bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initially with pure parkinsonian phenotype of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Ting-Ling , Gang Wu , Liu Su-Zhi
Published: September 2022

Background
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is an autosomal dominant genetic disease with substantial heterogeneity in clinical manifestations. It typically starts with ataxia and can be divided into five subtypes. The fourth subtype of SCA3 is characterized by parkinsonian and peripheral neuropathy. However, this phenotype is rare, and it tends to be easily misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease.
Materials and methods
We report a 51-year-old female patient who initially presented with pure parkinsonian symptoms at the age of 30. She responded well to levodopa treatment and had a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease for almost 20 years. Ataxia symptoms, symptom fluctuations and dyskinesia occurred in the late stage of the disease. A literature review was included to summarize the clinical features of the fourth subtype of SCA3 (type IV SCA3) and its relevant pathogenesis.
Results
Type IV SCA3 with 66 CAG repeats was diagnosed by genetic testing. It is initially characterized by a pure parkinsonian phenotype indistinguishable from PD, short CAG repeat expansions, and a good response to levodopa.
Conclusion
Type IV SCA3 should be considered when diagnosing Parkinson's disease, especially in those with a family history. More research is needed to detect the pathogenesis of the parkinsonism phenotype in type IV SCA3.
Pre-hydrolysis kraft dissolving pulp from Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper bamboos biomass
Authors: Costa Marcelo Moreira , Silva Weslley Henrique Martins , Bittencourt Ricardo Carvalho , Borges Felipe Pedersoli , Silva Priscila Moreira , Valverde Sebastião Renato
Published: September 2022

In Brazil, bamboo emerges as a potential non-wood raw material as alternative lignocellulosic biomasses source, since this crop has high rusticity and productivity. It grows even in poor soil and shortage of water conditions, and it has a harvest cycle close to 2 years. This study aimed to produce dissolving pulp from the bamboo species Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper seeking to optimize the process conditions, in order to obtain a final product with the specification’s parameters for viscose grade. Bamboo chips of Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper with 2 years old were submitted to pre-hydrolysis kraft pulping process. After pre-hydrolysis kraft pulping Bambusa vulgaris showed screened yield of 34.2% and a xylan content of 3,47% and Dendrocalamus asper showed screened yield of 34,7% and a xylan content of 2,65. Based on these results, only Dendrocalamus asper was selected and bleached. After optimizing the bleaching process the final kappa number of 0.20, viscosity of 465 dm3/kg and 90.6% brightness were obtained for Dendrocalamus asper. Were achieved 1,76% of xylan, 98,1% of glycan and 0.10% of ash content. Was concluded that Dendrolocamus asper can be applied for the production of dissolving pulp. The CCE stage, under the established conditions, did not show to be efficient in removing the xylans from Dendrocalamus Asper brown pulp. On the other hand, further work is needed to optimize the main stages of the process, such as the pre-hydrolysis connected to kraft pulping, as well as the stabilization of carbohydrates chains against bleaching oxidants.
Defining conservation areas through diversity parameters and museum specimens: a case study for craneflies
Authors: Santos Daubian , Santos Charles Morphy D.
Published: September 2022

The perils of climate change turn the definition of conservation areas into an urgent task. With finite financial resources, we must choose efficiently what and where to prioritize. Here, we discuss the benefits of using three parameters - species richness, functional and phylogenetic diversity - to subsidize the proposal of conservation areas complementary to those already existing in Southern South America and New Zealand. The parameters were defined using museum specimens and available taxonomic registers for three genera of craneflies: Aphrophila, Zelandomyia, and Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus). We found additional priority conservation areas for New Zealand and Southern South America based on maximized species richness, phylogenetic and functional diversity of Aphrophila, Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus), and Zelandomyia. We plotted the new areas into maps presenting the current conservation areas to compare them. We advocate utilizing all available information on biodiversity for conservation initiatives, including data stored in museums. New Zealand and Southern South America are examples of how dealing with multiple parameters, including criteria that take evolutionary history and species ecology into account, may lead to reliable proposals of priority conservation areas.
Hotspots and trends of layered double hydroxide-based adsorbents for polluted water treatment: Insights from bibliometric analysis
Authors: Paulino Juliana C. P. L. , Silva Anamália F. , Santos Danilo H. S. , Nagliate Patrícia C. , Meili Lucas
Published: September 2022

The use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as adsorbent for water treatment has been gaining relevance in recent years. In this context, this work aimed to map, through a bibliometric study, the extent of research that deals with the theme. The scientific database used was the Web of Science, and the chronology of the search consideredthe period from 1997 to 2022. The bibliometix R-package and VOSviewer software were used in this study. The searches retrieved a total of 663 documents, from 69 countries, distributed among all continents, which China (328), India (51) and Japan (40) were the most productive countries. Important journals in the environmental area and with high impact factor, such as Chemical Engineering Journal (44), Applied Clay Science (38), Journal of Hazardous Materials (35) and Chemosphere (27) most published in the area. The network of keywords used by the authors indicates that the publications retrieved deal mainly with aspects related to the efficiency of (LDHs) in the removal of different pollutants, the composition, the synthesis route and the association with other materials and/or techniques. The result of this study constitutes an important tool for directing future research on the subject.
Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Participants with Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes Running Title: Blood Biomarkers for iERM
Authors: Qin Guanghao , You Yue , Shang Mingxin , He Wei , Pazo Emmanuel Eric , Lin Tiezhu
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the levels of monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane (iERM).
Methods:This retrospective study comprised of participants with iERM and participants with cataract. The values of MLR, NLR, PLR and from participants’ peripheral blood were assessed among groups. The best cutoff value of MLR, NLR, and PLR in iERM was found by performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and determining the optimum cutoff value for each variable.
Results: In total, 95 participants with iERM were included in the study group, and 61 participants with senile cataract were included as controls. The lymphocyte count in the iERM group was significantly lower than the control group (1.69±0.63 vs. 1.95±0.53, p=0.003). The monocyte count in the iERM group was significantly higher thanthe control group (0.39±0.11 vs. 0.31±0.10, p<0.001). The area under the curve of MLR, NLR and PLR in differentiating patients with IERM and controls was 0.782, 0.645, and 0.657, respectively, according to ROC. The best cut-off value of MLR was >0.18, with sensitivity and specificity of 74.7% and 75.4% respectively. The NLR was >2.06, with a sensitivity and specificity of 50.5% and 83.6% respectively. The PLR was >95.89, with a sensitivity and specificity of 86.3% and 41.0% respectively.
Conclusion:The findings of this study suggest that systemic inflammation may be associated with iERM. IERM patients may be prone to have high MLR, NLR and PLR values.
Investigating the shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Chen Mengya , Li Si , Zhu Ziwei , Dai Chengguqiu , Hao Xingjie
Published: September 2022

Background: Pain often occurs in parallel with many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential causality have not been well studied.
Methods: We collected the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 26 common pain and neuropsychiatric disorders with sample size ranging from 17,310 to 482,730 in European population. The genetic correlation between pair of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the relevant cell types were investigated by linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression analyses. Then transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was applied to identify the potential shared genes by integrating the gene expression information and GWAS. In addition, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to infer the potential causality between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Results: Among the 169 pairwise pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, 55 pairs showed significant ( P < 1.54×10 −4 ) positive correlations (median r g = 0.43) and 9 pairs showed negative correlations (median r g = −0.31). MR analyses identified 26 significant ( P <1.48×10 −4 ) likely causal associations, for instance, neuroticism and insomnia were risk factors for most of short-term pain, multisite chronic pain was risk factor for neuroticism, insomnia, major depressive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and vice versa. The signals of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders tended to be enriched in the functional regions of cell types from central nervous system (CNS). A total of 19 genes shared in at least one pain and neuropsychiatric disorder pair were identified by TWAS integrating the gene expression information of CNS. The shared genes included AMT , NCOA6 and UNC45A which involved in glycine degradation, insulin secretion and cell proliferation, respectively, suggesting pain and neuropsychiatric disorders might share neuronal signaling-related, metabolism-related and proliferation-related pathogenic mechanisms.
Conclusion: Our findings provided the evidence of shared genetic structure, causality and potential shared pathogenic mechanisms between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, and enhanced our understanding of the comorbidities of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Tacrolimus in Chinese Adult Patients Receiving Voriconazole During the Early Stage Post-Lung Transplantation
Authors: Cui Yi-fan , Zhu Min-fang , Pan Yan , Jiao Zheng
Published: September 2022

Although tacrolimus has been widely used in patients undergoing lung transplantation, few studies have reported the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Chinese patients after lung transplantation. Thus, we aimed to investigate its pharmacokinetics and influential factors in this patient cohort in the early stage after lung transplantation. We enrolled 14 lung transplant recipients who were treated with tacrolimus and voriconazole. We then collected intensive blood samples within a 12-hour dosing interval and analysed them via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus were calculated using non-compartmental analysis, and the influence of physio-pathological characteristics and CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*1G genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus was assessed. Using linear regression analysis, we then investigated the correlation between tacrolimus concentration at different sampling points and measured the area under the curve (AUC0 − 12h). Our results showed a mean apparent clearance (CL/F) rate of 14.2 ± 11.0 L/h, with CYP3A5*1 carriers having a CL/F rate five times higher than non-carriers (P < 0.001). Furthermore, tacrolimus concentration 4 h after the administration had the strongest correlation with AUC0 − 12h (R2 = 0.979). In summary, tacrolimus pharmacokinetics varied largely between patients during the early-stage post-lung transplantation, which could be partly explained by CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms. Therefore, it is crucial to closely monitor tacrolimus blood concentration in the early stages after lung transplantation.
Drug release kinetics of artemisinin sustained-release granules with two sizes for algal inhibition in different media
Authors: Xu Chu , Ni Lixiao , Wizi Jakpa , Du Cunhao , Jiang Zhiyun , Sang Wenlu , Li Shiyin , Chen Xuqing , Su Hua , Xu Jian
Published: September 2022

To avoid the disadvantage that artemisinin granules coated with millimeter level chitosan alginate are easy to settle and improve the dispersion of granules in water, improved artemisinin sustained release granules (ASGs) were prepared by ultrasonic technology combined with ion crosslinking method in this study. The release kinetics of two kinds of granules under different media conditions (temperature, ionic strength, pH, algal liquid, and Taihu Lake water) were studied. The physicochemical characterization showed that the diameter and zeta potential of the improved ASGs were 1189.5nm and -38.0mV, respectively. Here, the drug release of chitosan-coated artemisinin alginate granules is affected by the temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the release medium. Whether ASGs or improved ASGs, drug release increased with the increase of temperature and ionic strength, but decreased with the increase of pH. More importantly, the release kinetics study showed that the release mechanism of the improved ASGs in Taihu Lake water and algae liquid is matrix dissolution, while the release of ASGs in Taihu Lake water was controlled by diffusion and skeleton dissolution. The growth experiment of cyanobacteria showed that the improved ASGs have a long-term inhibitory effect on algae cells, and the inhibitory effect on cyanobacteria increased with the increase of dosing concentration. Our study clearly shows that the granules with reduced diameter have the characteristics of rapid dispersion and continuous release, and have the potential to be applied to the control of cyanobacteria bloom.
A Novel Approach Toward the Prevention of the Side Channel Attacks for Enhancing the Network Security
Authors: Gupta Suchismita , Sarkar Bikramjit , Saha Subhrajyoti , Sarkar Indranath , Chakrabarti Prasun , Sahana Sudipta , Chakrabarti Tulika , Elngar Ahmed A.
Published: September 2022

Privacy protection is an essential section of information security. The use of shared resources demands more privacy and security protection, especially in cloud computing environments. The aim of side-channel attacks is to extract secrets from systems. This can be through measurement and analysis of physical parameters. Execution time, electromagnetic emission, and supply current are some examples of such parameters. A side-channel attack does not target a program or its code directly. Instead, a side-channel attack attempts to gather information or influence the program execution of a system by measuring or exploiting the indirect effects of the system or its hardware. Put simply, a side-channel attack breaks cryptography by exploiting information inadvertently leaked by a system. The modules with integrated cryptographic systems pose a serious threat to these attacks. It has been observed that many robust algorithmic cryptographic operations have been broken successfully by side-channel analysis techniques. In this paper, the aim is to present a comparative review of the various side channel attacks possible and their countermeasures. Also, a new approach is proposed to prevent side-channel attacks and enhance the security of the entire network. The primary objective of this survey is to provide researchers in the field of side-channel attack a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved so far and to facilitate them to identify a few challenging future research areas.
Design of High Performance DP-RCNN Architecture for Wild Animal and Vehicle Detection
Authors: Krishnan Ramesh , ANDAVAN Mohanaprakash THOTIPALAYAM , G Senthilkumar , Balaji
Published: September 2022

Detection and recognition of object is challenging task nowadays in the computer vision domain. To solve this problem, many objects detection technique introduced but it is very difficult for automation of object detection, in natural environment. In forest areas, Wild animal and vehicle detection is a dynamic research field since the last several decades. Novel DP-RCNN architecture has proposed in this paper, by combining detecting and classifying task in a single neural network. It is based on generating proposals by SPP layer and features extraction from proposals to train the network which provide high classified output. The network was trained by animal and vehicle dataset which are selected from COCO dataset with their labels respectively for different animal classes. Based on these stored datasets, the video frame has processed and classified using DP-RCNN method. This experiment is conducted to access the following qualities, say, to verify whether the system is able to detect the object and to measure the accuracy of the proposed system. Implementation result shows that proposed DP-RCNN improves accuracy and recall by 94.59 %, 0.97. Precision and recognition rate of proposed method also achieved by 0.95, 73.4% when compared with existing scheme.
Medical Image to Image Translation using Multi Label Activated Gradients for General Adversial Networks ((MLAG GAN))
Authors: M Raja , S Vijayachitra
Published: September 2022

Multi modal MRI provides complementary and clinically relevant information from the image to understand the condition of the tissue and to characterize various complex diseases. But imaging artifacts influence the determination of relevant inforamtion from brain metastatis which is difficult to obtain adequate number of modalities from same study subject because of the under optimized study plan. However quantitative analysis becomes mandatory for in-depth understanding of the disease. Existing works could not exploit and maintain texture details from the scanners. In this research work, it is designed a multi label activated gradients for GAN (MLAG GAN) to enrich the corresponding reconstruction images with huge information. The detailed study trained the developed model by permitting the gradient flow from multiple gradients to a single generator at multiple labels thereby addressing the prevailing limitaiton of GAN. This system could exploit multi label neural transfer that enable to grasp more number of semantic and lesion related priors from the reference images. It is also validated the proposed system on Flair T1 and Flair T2 from Brats 18 dataset that depicts superior performance on the quality of image generation when compared to the state of art methods. The multi label GAN regenerates more high resolution structure and texture information and the wide range of qualitative and quantitative comparative experiments with the state of art methods proves the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of L1, MSE (Mean square error), PSNR (Peak to signal ratio),SSIM (Structure similarity index measure), and Inception Score( IS).
Relationships between Water Translocation and Zinc Accumulation in Citrus Trees with and without Blight1
Authors: Young R. H. , Wutscher H. K. , Albrigo L. G.
Published: September 2022

Orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) with early-stage (sectored) and moderate blight were evaluated for zinc accumulation and water translocation characteristics. Zinc accumulated at above-normal levels in the outer 2 cm of trunk wood, but water uptake was at below-normal levels in the inner 2 to 6 cm of trunk wood of moderately blighted trees. Water-flux density of roots was not correlated with zinc accumulation. In trees with early stages of blight, zinc accumulated at above-normal levels in the healthy-appearing sides of the trunks, as well as in the blighted sides, but the water uptake in the healthy-appearing sides was similar to that in the trunks of healthy trees. Evidence suggested that the blight effect on abnormal zinc metabolism developed prior to the dysfunction of water translocation.
Smart beta portfolio investment strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Fitrizal Salim Dwi , Iradianty Aldilla , Titik Kristanti Farida , Candraningtias Widyadhana
Published: September 2022

Covid-19 has an impact on stock investment, especially in Indonesia, marked by the decline in the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. During the Covid-19 era, there was a lot of negative information about the uncertainty of the market, which made investors irrational about the choice of stocks in the portfolio. So this research will have a hypothesis that the High Volatility stock group will be the best portfolio in Covid-19 conditions. The sample used is the Group of stocks that have the largest market capitalization value in JCI. Stocks with large market caps are chosen because of one of the indicators of blue chip stock. The sample will be divided into three portfolio groups, High Volatility, Moderate Volatility, and Low Volatility. The results obtained that High Volatility became the best portfolio during the Covid-19 period. The results of this study prove that the group of stocks with High Volatility will get positive returns and sharpe performance results are the highest and positive, compared to moderate volatility and low volatility portfolios. This result arises because stocks with High Volatility are subject to large price fluctuations and in this situation, investors can invest in these stocks in a short time frame. The short-term process is carried out regularly so that it can be in accordance with investors' expectations for investments in the portfolio.
Diverse Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of Lucrative Pyrimidine-
Triazine Hybrid Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Asgaonkar Kalyani , Patil Shital , Pradhan Kunal , Tanksali Sushruti , Jain Jidnyasa
Published: September 2022

Pyrimidine and Triazine are rewarding pharmacophores as seen from their presence in
different naturally and synthetically occurring drug molecules. Hybridization is a functional concept used in drug design. This updated review encompasses various synthetic procedures that
have been used to prepare molecular hybrids of Pyrimidine and Triazine, detailed structureactivity relationship, and molecular docking studies with patents granted. The most potent and
promising hybrid compounds have also been identified. The study has revealed the synthetic feasibility of Pyrimidine- Triazine hybrids along with a plethora of potent biological activities such
as Anticonvulsant, Antiviral, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesics, etc. This paper highlights the importance of coupling Pyrimidine and Triazine to provide better insight for medicinal chemists to
further explore the hybrid for a significant therapeutic effect.
de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis with Accessory Abductor Pollicis Longus
Tendon and ‘Wartenberg’s syndrome’ - A Case Report
Authors: Siddiq Md Abu Bakar
Published: September 2022

Background:

de Quervain's tenosynovitis (dQT) is focal soft-tissue rheumatism of ab-ductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons. The Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain first demonstrated the disorder in 1895. Anatomical variation of the first wrist extensor compartment, for example, accessory APL, can be associated with de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Sometimes, dQT may coexist with superficial radial nerve (SRN) compression, widely known as 'Wartenberg’s syndrome'.

Case Presentation:

In the present case study, clinical features of de Quervain's tenosynovitis have been described in a 45-year-old housewife without any known risk factor for the disorder. The pa-tient complained of pain and swelling on the radial aspect of dorsal wrist; there was local tender-ness, and the Finkelstein test was positive. An ultrasonogram of the wrist's first extensor compart-ment depicted a thick, hypoechoic tenosynovial sheath encircling two APL and one EPB tendon. Swollen first extensor wrist compartment compressing the SRN led to tingling and dysesthesia, 'Wartenberg’s syndrome.'

Conclusion:

de Quervain's tenosynovitis with accessory abductor pollicis longus tendon may pre-sent with ‘Wartenberg’s syndrome’.
Maximizing the Yield of Black Cute Rice using Human Urine and NPK Fertilizer
Authors: Aziez Achmad Fatchul
Published: September 2022

Background:

The nutrient is one of the most important elements for plants. Lack of nutrients cause thegrowth and yield will not be optimal. The use of organic liquid human urine and NPK fertilizer are a source of micro and macronutrients to increase the yield of black cute rice.

Objective:

This study aims to determine the best treatment combination of human urine and NPK fertilizer dose to maximize the yield of black cute rice.

Methods:

The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was dose of human urine fertilizer, which consisted of three levels, namely, 0, 500, and 1000 L ha-1. The second factor was the dose of NPK fertilizer, which consisted of three levels, namely, 0, 150, and 300 kg ha-1.

Results:

The results showed that a combination of organic liquid human urine and NPK fertilizer could increase the productive tillers number, canopy dry weight, and grain dry weight of black cute rice. The highest grain dry weight was found at the combination between ferlilizer dose of human urine of 1,000 L ha-1 and NPK of 300 kg ha-1 and yielded the maximum grain dry weight of 8.633 t ha-1 in Litosol soil.

Conclusion:

The research fundings that the combination between human urine of 1,000 L ha-1 and NPK of 300 kg ha-1 can maximize the yield of black cute rice. For future research, we recommend that the combination between human urine of 1,000 L ha-1 and NPK compound of 300 kg ha-1 can use in other rice varieties.
IOT-based Smart Energy Management in Buildings of Smart Cities
Authors: Manimala K.
Published: September 2022

Buildings consume nearly one-third of global energy and are responsible for
one-fourth of CO2
emissions, thereby playing a crucial role in polluting the earth. Cities
are more vulnerable as there are more buildings and a huge population due to
employment opportunities. Hence, there is a need for the transformation of cities into
smart cities with viable environments by making buildings smart. Smart cities with
energy-efficient buildings can improve the economy and reduce pollution effects,
thereby improving the quality of city life. As human errors and carelessness jeopardise
energy conservation and eco-friendly initiatives in traditional buildings, automatic
internet of things (IOT) monitored building control, also known as a smart building, is
a need of the hour if the world is to advance toward smart cities. The management of
the cities should estimate their energy consumption in advance and plan strategies that
will help in reducing the energy consumption of both commercial and residential
buildings towards creating a pollution-free smart city. The IOT sensors produce
continuous streaming data, which necessitates big data analysis to improve the
performance of building in terms of energy consumption. Big data analysis based on
machine learning techniques is currently being employed for such an automatic
analysis and management of buildings based on IOT sensor data. This chapter focuses
on bringing out the commercially available IOT sensors for collecting building data,
their efficiencies, extracted features and the commonly used machine learning
techniques, their strengths, and drawbacks and also identifies the research gap and
work to be done for further improving big data analysis of smart energy management.
Blockchain: The Vibrant Technology for the Management of a Smart Cities
Authors: Selvi S.
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, more people inhabit cities than rural areas, due to the
increase in population, change of climate, and shortage of resources. Many countries
are emphasizing the transformation of the city into a smart city for the effective
utilization of the opportunities of urbanization. Today, smart cities are one of the thrust
areas of many governments across the globe. Smart cities are being planned to promote
a pollution-free environment and facilitate smart infrastructure. To enable operational
efficiencies and to achieve sustainable economic growth in smart cities, innovative
technologies are necessary. This book chapter focuses on the current urban challenges
arising during the management of smart cities. It discusses one of the vibrant
technologies – blockchain technology and its usage for the management of smart cities.
Further, it explores the current scenario of global blockchain technology initiatives. It
studies various domains of a smart city and also recognizes the domain where
blockchain technology can be implemented for better livability and development of
cities. Also, it focuses on the various use cases of blockchain in developing the smart
city. Finally, it explains the practical feasibility for the successful implementation of
blockchain technology briefly.
Evaluation of the Application Potential of Metamaterial-based Antennas for Intelligent Street Lighting Systems
Authors: Wack Julia , Yeap Kim Ho , Oh Zi Xin , Nisar Humaira
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, metamaterials and their properties in the application of
antenna designs are discussed. Although metamaterials offer great benefits in diverse
areas, this work emphasizes their implementation in the development of smart cities.
The world faces challenges ensued to environmental problems, population growth, and
other current dynamics. New technologies are required to present solutions for cities to
be organised efficiently and effectively while also supporting the environment by
pursuing higher sustainability. Intelligent street lighting systems are one out of the
several approaches that offer promising development opportunities. Intelligent street
lights have already been implemented in some cities, with positive outcomes in terms
of energy savings, reduced traffic, improved infrastructure, and supply, etc. The
different concrete goals of a smart city and intelligent streetlight concepts were
discussed, and the research on metamaterials was accordingly adapted. At the current
state of technology, there are no metamaterial antennas on the market that are directly
declared to be suitable for the installation of intelligent streetlights. However, due to
the great advantages of metamaterial antennas, it would be worthwhile to look into
ways to improve the functionalities of intelligent streetlights using these antennas. In
this chapter, the suitability of metamaterial antennas implemented in streetlights is
studied. Some existing planar antennas were enhanced by incorporating metamaterials
into them. The analysis shows that the radiation performances of the enhanced antennas
are significantly improved. Therefore, metamaterial antennas have the potential of
being applied in a broad range of applications, including intelligent streetlights.
Balish lexion in the Tanah Lot tourism area
Authors: Baratha Ni Luh Sutjiati , Rajeg I Made , Sukarini Ni Wayan
Published: September 2022

English as an international language has an essential role in the world of tourism, as one of the most important capitals for workers in the tourism sector, including those classified as a lower class, such as acung traders, masseurs, parking attendants, shop or stall assistants, and so on. Initial observations showed that these tourism workers generally used market English or ‘Balinese English’ in their daily profession, which is called Balish in this article. Balish used by tourism workers has been ‘naturalized’ by adopting some features of local languages, especially Balinese and Indonesian, such as lexicon, grammar, and expressions/phrases. This article discussed the Balish lexicon used by tourism workers in the Tanah Lot Tourism Area, Bali, to improve their welfare.
KEANEKARAGAMAN Fusarium sp. DI LAHAN ENDEMIS DAN SUPRESIF LAYU FUSARIUM TOMAT
Authors: Tanzil Ahmad Ilham , Sucipto Irwanto , Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu , Kusuma Ramadhani Mahendra , Widhayasa Bayu , Li'aini Arrohmatus Syafaqoh , Holle Mukhlish Jamal Musa , Nugraha Restu
Published: September 2022

Peran jamur Fusarium non patogenik sangat penting dalam mengendalikan maupun mencegah serangan jamur patogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Tujuan dari riset ini yaitu mengetahui keanekaragaman jamur Fusarium sp. di lahan endemis dan supresif serta potensi antagonismnya terhadap patogen layu fusarium. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya dan laboratorium Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian Surabaya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan komparasi dan eksplorasi jamur Fusarium dalam rizosfer di lahan endemis layu fusarium tomat dan lahan supresif. Jamur fusarium yang ditemukan di lahan endemis terdiri dari 58 koloni dengan hasil identifikasi sebanyak 3 isolat yaitu Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Fusarium sp. 3. Sedangkan jamur fusarium yang ditemukan di lahan supresif sebanyak 11 koloni yang terdiri dari 2 isolat yaitu Fusarium sp. 4 dan Fusarium sp. 5. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman di lahan endemis (4,06) termasuk kategori keanekaragaman tinggi, penyebaran jumlah individu tiap jenis tinggi dan lahan supresif (2,39) termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang, penyebaran jumlah individu tiap jenis sedang. Indeks keseragaman di lahan endemis (0,465) dengan kriteria rendah dan lahan supresif (0,701) dengan kriteria sedang. Nilai indeks dominasi di lahan endemis (3,689) dan di lahan supresif (3,45) termasuk kriteria terdapat jenis yang mendominasi. Hasil penghambatan uji antagonis tertinggi yaitu isolat Fusarium sp. 3 (58,46) dari lahan endemis sedangkan dari lahan supresif yaitu isolat Fusarium sp. 5 (55,38).
EKSPLORASI JAMUR FILOPLANE PADA DAUN TANAMAN PEDANG-PEDANGAN (Sansevieria trifasciata) DAN UJI KEMAMPUAN ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum sansevieriae)
Authors: Mayasari Dita Aprilia , Sastrahidayat Ika Rochdjatun , Djauhari Syamsuddin
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman jamur filoplane pada daun tanaman Sansevieria trifasciata dan menguji kemampuan antagonismenya terhadap penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum sansevieriae. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sub laboratorium Mikologi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang sejak bulan April 2015 hingga bulan Oktober 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman Sansevieria trifasciata adalah jamur Colletotrichum sansevieriae. Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi diperoleh delapan jamur filoplane yang setelah diuji patogenisitas tidak menimbulkan gejala penyakit pada daun Sansevieria trifasciata. Hasil uji antagonisme menunjukkan bahwa semua jamur filoplane yang ditemukan tersebut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sansevieriae hingga di atas 50%. Jamur filoplane yang memiliki daya hambat tertinggi adalah jamur Trichoderma isolat 2 dengan persentase daya hambat sebesar 69% dan Trichoderma isolat 1 sebesar 68%. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan mekanisme antagonisme, jamur Trichoderma isolat 2 memiliki mekanisme antagonisme kompetisi dan parasitisme, sedangkan jamur Trichoderma isolat 1 memiliki ketiga mekanisme antagonisme, yaitu kompetisi, antibiosis dan parasitisme.
Botanische macroresten uit sloten als spiegel voor het landschap
Authors: Huiting Marjon , Spier Annisa , Schepers Mans
Published: September 2022

Samples from ditches as a reflection of the landscape. Ditch-fill samples were taken from modern ditches in three different landscapes – the sandy heathland of Balloërveld, the peatland of Fochteloërveen and the woodland of Norg. This contribution focuses on the botanical macroremains collected from the ditch fills and how these remains may improve landscape-historical research. Microscopic research of the macroremains shows a difference between the habitats, albeit not a distinct one. Botanical remains of woodland vegetation were strongly represented in virtually all samples, overshadowing indicative species per landscape type. Given the limits of this pilot study, further research is strongly recommended to assess how ditch fills can be of value to reconstructing past and present landscapes.
Koper, lood en tin - een uitzonderlijk kralensnoer uit de late bronstijd uit Borger
Authors: Van der Sanden Wijnand , Van Os Bertil
Published: September 2022

Copper, lead and tin – an extraordinary Late Bronze Age string of beads from Borger. Around 2017, an amateur metal detectorist searching at Borger in the immediate vicinity of the base of a Middle Bronze Age barrow, which had been excavated in 1987, came across 245 metal beads: four large beads and 241 small ones. One of the four large beads is made of lead, two are of a lead/tin alloy and one is of copper; the 241 biconical and cylindrical small beads are all made of copper. XRF analysis showed that the copper is of a type known as Fahlerz or Fahlore (which includes Singen and Ösenring types of copper). Fahlerz was used mostly in the Early Bronze Age, but also into the Late Bronze Age. The known intensification in the use of lead in Western Europe between 1000 and 500 BC makes it likely that the string of beads was buried – possibly as an isolated deposit – in the Late Bronze Age, no later than the 8th century BC. Further research is planned in the near future, viz. lead-isotope analysis and a small-scale field investigation.
De Zeehond of Fiducie? Uitsluitsel over de identiteit en ondergang van de bekendste tjalk van Flevoland
Authors: Van Popta Yftinus
Published: September 2022

De Zeehond or Fiducie? New insights into the identity and date of foundering of Flevoland’s best known sailing barge shipwreck. This paper focuses on the late 19th-century wreck of a Groninger tjalk (sailing barge) that was discovered in the 1960s in the eastern part of Flevoland, near the city of Lelystad. During the excavation of the wreck (1972), two wooden battens were found that carried the inscriptions ’18 DE ZEEHOND 78’ and ‘W Venema 1878 A Koerts’. Soon it was concluded that the former carried the name and date of the ship and its construction, while the latter carried the names of the ship’s owners. Additional research revealed that the operators were identified as Willem Venema and Annegien Koerts from Hoogezand, Groningen. However, the archives failed to provide any information on a ship known as De Zeehond, whereas historical documents proved that Willem Venema did own a ship by the name of Fiducie. The current study answers the question whether the ship’s true name was De Zeehond or Fiducie, and provides new and more detailed insights into the ship’s career, date of foundering and crew history.
Фотоприемное устройство для преобразования энергии и информации, передаваемых по атмосферному лазерному каналу
Authors: Когновицкий С.О. , Малевский Д.А. , Ларионов В.Р.
Published: September 2022

A power-communicating photo-receiving device for an autonomous laser communication unit has been designed to receive energy from powerful laser radiation and convert it into electricity, as well as to simultaneously registration of information high-frequency optical signals.
Периодическая генерация затопленных струй при лазерном нагреве торца волокна
Authors: Юсупов В.И.
Published: September 2022

It has been experimentally found that when the end face of an optical fiber with an absorbing coating is heated by continuous laser radiation with a wavelength of 0.97 μm, submerged jets are periodically generated in water. Each such jet is formed as a result of the collapse of a gas-vapor bubble arising from the explosive boiling of water. The mechanisms of formation of bubbles and jets are discussed.
Исследование структур металл-диэлектрик-полупроводник на основе CdHgTe и HfO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Горшков Д.В. , Закиров Е.Р. , Сидоров Г.Ю. , Сабинина И.В. , Марин Д.В.
Published: September 2022

The interface between Cd0.22Hg0.78Te and HfO2 grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition at a temperature of 120 ℃ in a specifically optimized deposition mode has been studied. The method used in this work for measuring the admittance of metal-dielectric-semiconductor structures made it possible to establish that their electrophysical parameters are uniform over the sample surface. The spectrum of fast surface states density at the HfO2 - Cd0.22Hg0.78Te interface has been calculated.
Моделирование профиля состава осевой гетероструктуры InSb/GaInSb/InSb в нитевидных нанокристаллах
Authors: Лещенко Е.Д. , Дубровский В.Г.
Published: September 2022

The formation of the double InSb/GaInSb/InSb heterostructure in self-catalyzed and Au-catalyzed nanowires is studied theoretically. We calculate the compositional profiles across the axial heterostructures and study the influence of different growth parameters on the heterointerface properties, including temperature, Sb and Au concentrations.
Ослабление нормальной составляющей отраженной электромагнитной волны комбинированными радиопоглощающими покрытиями
Authors: Мазинов А.С. , Фитаев И.Ш. , Болдырев Н.А.
Published: September 2022

A combined radar-absorbent coating on a solid metal surface was studied. The structure of such coatings was developed, an experimental investigation of their frequency dependences was conducted, and scattering diagrams of both the combined surface and its constituents were obtained. The research findings of attenuating abilities for the proposed multi-layer structures are demonstrated.
Расчет силы магнитного поля в магнитных системах со стационарным током
Authors: Рояк М.Э. , Антохин Е.И. , Бублей П.А. , Елисеев В.С. , Дербышева Т.Р. , Авдеева С.Д.
Published: September 2022

Three different approaches to calculating the forces acting on ferromagnets in a stationary magnetic field are considered. The results of calculating of the magnetic field forces by these methods on a test model are compared with the measurement data obtained using an experimental unit.
Influence of the orientation of Ti-Al interphase boundary on the mutual diffusion rate at the solid and liquid states of aluminium: molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Poletaev G. M.  , Rakitin R. Y.
Published: September 2022

The influence of the orientation of Ti-Al interphase boundary on the intensity of mutual diffusion at solid-phase and solid-liquid-phase contacts was studied by the method of molecular dynamics. Four orientations of the boundary with respect to the Ti (hcp) and Al (fcc) lattices were considered: (0001) : (111), (0001) : (001), (1010) : (111), (1011) : (001). At solid-phase contact, an important phenomenon influencing the intensity of mutual diffusion was the formation, due to the mismatch of the lattices of Ti and Al, of grain boundaries in Al parallel to the interphase boundary. This boundary was both the main source and sink of structural defects, including vacancies required for diffusion to proceed. In the case of solid-liquid-phase contact, after melting of aluminium, part of it near the interphase boundary remained in the crystalline state, repeating the titanium lattice. That is, the boundary between the crystal and the liquid metal was shifted by two or three atomic planes deep into the aluminium. For the considered orientations, concentration curves were obtained after simulating mutual diffusion at different temperatures. The flatter parts of the curves, which are responsible for the diffusion of Ti atoms deep into liquid Al, turned out to be similar for all orientations. However, the parts related to the diffusion of Al atoms into crystalline Ti were different: diffusion of Al atoms in Ti proceeded more intensively with the orientation of the boundary (0001) and more slowly with the orientations (1010) and (1011). Keywords: molecular dynamics, diffusion, interphase boundary, titan, aluminum.
On the possibilities of ab initio modeling for electron-phonon relaxation and transport properties by the examples of cadmium oxide and strontium titanate
Authors: Zhukov V. P.  , Chulkov E. V.
Published: September 2022

The calculations of the electron-phonon relaxation time, Seebeck coefficient and conductivity were performed for cadmium oxide with oxygen vacancies and strontium titanate doped with niobium using the first-principle methods based on the electron density functional perturbation theory, Boltzmann theory and many-body theory of electron-phonon interaction. It is shown that the calculations of relaxation time based on the many-body theory lead to significantly more accurate results on transport characteristics than in the case of the standard approximation of a constant relaxation time. It is shown that interaction with defects has a significant effect on conductivity. Keywords: cadmium oxide, strontium titanate, electronic structure, PAW method, Boltzmann theory, transport characteristics.
Electrical and magnetic properties of vanadium diselenide intercalated with chromium atoms
Authors: Sherokalova E. M.  , Selezneva N. V.  , Pleshchev V. G.
Published: September 2022

The study of the structural characteristics, electrical and magnetic properties was carried out on synthesized samples of vanadium diselenide intercalated with chromium atoms. Structural studies have shown a decrease in the symmetry of the crystal lattice from hexagonal to monoclinic with an increase in the concentration of intercalated atoms, caused by their ordering in the Van der Waals gap. In this case, a change in the resistive state occurs in samples of different compositions, which are characterized by opposite thermal coefficients of electrical resistance. The values of the effective magnetic moments of chromium ions in CrxVSe2 decrease in comparison with the spin characteristics with an increase in the chromium content and their change correlate with the concentration dependence of the parameter c of the unit cell. At low temperatures for compositions x>0.2, the compounds undergo a transition to the state of a spin glass with a critical temperature of up to 30 K. Keywords: vanadium diselenide, chromium, intercalation, electrical resistance, magnetic susceptibility, spin glass.
Structural and spectral characteristics of Pr-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Lu-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-BO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- orthoborates
Authors: Shmurak S. Z.  , Kedrov V. V.  , Kiselev A. P.  , Fursova T. N.  , . Zver'kova I. I.
Published: September 2022

The structure, IR absorption and luminescence spectra of Pr0.99-xLuxEu0.01BO3 orthoborates synthesized at 970oC were studied at 0≤ x≤0.99. An increase in the concentration of lutetium leads to a sequential change of the structural state of the orthoborates. At first, the orthoborates are single-phase and have an aragonite structure (0≤ x≤0.1). Then, they become two-phase and contain the aragonite and vaterite phases (0.1<x<0.6). With a further increase in x (0.6<x≤0.8), the compounds are single-phase with a vaterite structure, then they contain the vaterite and calcite phases (0.8<x≤0.95), and, finally, they become single-phase with a calcite structure (0.95<x≤0.99). An unambiguous correspondence between the structural modification and IR spectra of these compounds was established. It is shown that the emission of Eu3+ ions is observed in samples where the concentration of europium exceeds that of praseodymium. Keywords: rare earth orthoborates, X-ray diffraction analysis, crystal structure, IR spectroscopy, luminescence spectra.