bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Tive o desejo apenas de lhe dar todos os esclarecimentos que podia”
Authors: Moraes Ricardo Gaiotto de
Published: September 2017

Os caminhos de Mário de Andrade e Graco Silveira2 se cruzaram quando aquele era diretor do Departamento de Cultura de São Paulo. O professor Graco Silveira, então lente da Escola Normal de Itapetininga, interior do estado, recebeu um convite de Mário de Andrade para que colaborasse com uma comunicação no I Congresso de Língua Nacional Cantada, ocorrido em 1937.
Cartas, escravos e mulheres: três versões de um mesmo tropo
Authors: Cerqueira Rodrigo
Published: September 2017

Este artigo busca analisar e explicar as modificações por que passa um mesmo tropo literário – o do escravo doméstico como portador de uma carta amorosa – em três produções ficcionais brasileiras do século XIX, a saber: Rosa (1849), de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo; O demônio familiar (1857), de José de Alencar; e, por fim, Iaiá Garcia (1878), de Machado de Assis. Argumenta-se que, ao colocar em cena o escravo doméstico como portador de uma carta amorosa, esses autores discutem, de maneiras distintas, todas historicamente determinadas, um mesmo problema social, que diz respeito às normas de autoridade senhorial e sua dissolução ao longo do século XIX.
What Is the Relationship Between Dairy Intake and Blood Pressure in Black and White Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a Weight Management Program?
Authors: DellaValle Diane M. , Carter Janet , Jones Molly , Henshaw Melissa Howard
Published: September 2017

Background

The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) clinical trials and other studies have demonstrated a relationship between diet and cardiovascular outcomes in adults, yet little is known of this relationship in children. Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with similar increases in hypertension among this population. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between dairy intake and blood pressure (BP) in a cohort of children and adolescents (aged 4–17 years) enrolled in a weight management program.

Methods and Results

Dietary intake was assessed using the Block Kids 2004 food frequency questionnaire in a cross‐sectional sample of participants enrolled in the Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome Study at the Children's Hospital (Charleston,
SC
). BP and other anthropometrics were obtained at baseline. Only children with complete baseline data and food frequency questionnaires were included in this analysis (n=117). Associations between food group/nutrient intake and BP were examined across race and sex using
ANOVA
and Pearson correlations. Linear regression models were controlled for body mass index and age. In the total sample, a significant inverse relationship was found between the intake of dairy and systolic BP (
r
=−0.24,
P
=0.009). The effect of dairy on systolic BP, however, differed by race. We observed a decrease of 11.2 mm Hg for each serving of dairy consumed by white children, and no decrease in systolic BP in black children (
P
=0.001 for the race–dairy serving interaction).

Conclusions

Nutrition professionals must consider nonnutrition factors contributing to childhood hypertension, as current dietary recommendations appear to have differential outcomes across races.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Versus Computed Tomography Angiography–Derived Fractional Flow Reserve Testing in Stable Patients With Intermediate‐Range Coronary Lesions: Influence on Downstream Diagnostic Workflows and Invasive Angiography Findings
Authors: Nørgaard Bjarne L. , Gormsen Lars C. , Bøtker Hans Erik , Parner Erik , Nielsen Lene H. , Mathiassen Ole N. , Grove Erik L. , Øvrehus Kristian A. , Gaur Sara , Leipsic Jonathon , Pedersen Kamilla , Terkelsen Christian J. , Christiansen Evald H. , Kaltoft Anne , Mæng Michael , Kristensen Steen D. , Krusell Lars R. , Lassen Jens F. , Jensen Jesper M.
Published: September 2017

Background

Data on the clinical utility of coronary computed tomography angiography–derived fractional flow reserve (

FFR
CT

) are sparse. In patients with intermediate (40–70%) coronary stenosis determined by coronary computed tomography angiography, we investigated the association of replacing standard myocardial perfusion imaging with

FFR
CT

testing with downstream utilization of invasive coronary angiography (
ICA
) and the diagnostic yield of
ICA
(rate of no obstructive disease, and rate of revascularization).

Methods and Results

This was a single‐center observational study of symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease referred to coronary computed tomography angiography between 2013 and 2015. Patients were divided into 3 historical groups based on the adjunctive functional testing approach: myocardial perfusion imaging (n=1332) or

FFR
CT

“implementation” (n=800) or “clinical use” (n=1391). Propensity score matching was used to estimate the average period effect on outcomes. Patients in the

FFR
CT

clinical use group versus the myocardial perfusion imaging group were older and had higher pretest probability of obstructive disease. After adjusting for baseline risk characteristics, there was a reduction in downstream
ICA
utilization (absolute risk difference: −4.2; 95% CI, −6.9 to −1.6;
P
=0.002). In patients referred to
ICA
, findings of no obstructive coronary artery disease decreased (−12.8%; 95% CI, −22.2 to −3.4;
P
=0.008) and rate of coronary revascularization increased (14.1%; 95% CI, 3.3–24.9;
P
=0.01), as did availability of functional information for guidance of revascularization (27.8%; 95% CI, 11.3–44.4;
P
<0.001) after clinical adoption of

FFR
CT

.

Conclusions

Replacing adjunctive myocardial perfusion imaging with

FFR
CT

testing for functional assessment of intermediate stenosis determined by coronary computed tomography angiography in stable coronary artery disease was associated with less
ICA
utilization, and a higher
ICA
diagnostic yield. The findings in this observational study needs confirmation in prospective, randomized trials.
Sex Differences in Associations of Arterial Compliance With Coronary Artery Plaque and Calcification Burden
Authors: Coutinho Thais , Yam Yeung , Chow Benjamin J.W. , Dwivedi Girish , Inácio João
Published: September 2017

Background

Coronary artery disease is a leading killer of women. Arterial stiffness predicts myocardial infarction, and postmenopausal women have lower arterial compliance (
AC
) than men. We hypothesized that lower
AC
would be associated with greater burden of coronary artery plaque and calcification, and that these associations would be stronger in women than men.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 3639 consecutive adults without coronary artery disease history who had coronary computed tomography between 2006 and 2014. Coronary artery calcification was calculated using the Agatston method. Plaque extent was assessed by the number of arterial segments with visible plaque divided by the number of visualized segments ×100 (percent plaque score). Indexed
AC
was calculated as stroke volume index/central pulse pressure. We used step‐wise multivariable linear regression to assess associations of log indexed
AC
with log (percent plaque score+1) and log (coronary artery calcification+1). Sex‐specific models were performed if the interaction sex×
AC
was significant. Mean age was 57±11 years, 53% were men, and 71% were hypertensive. Interaction term sex×
AC
was significant for both models (
P
=0.008 for percent plaque score and 0.022 for coronary artery calcification). Lower indexed
AC
was associated with higher percent plaque score and coronary artery calcification in women (β±
SE
: −0.231±0.113,
P
=0.042 and −0.334±0.166,
P
=0.044, respectively), but not in men (β±
SE
: −0.062±0.104,
P
=0.551 and 0.114±0.173,
P
=0.510, respectively).

Conclusions

Lower
AC
is associated with greater burden of coronary artery plaque and calcification in women, but not in men. Our findings highlight low
AC
as a correlate of more‐advanced coronary artery disease and as a potential link to the worse cardiovascular outcomes in women.
Inter‐Relations of Orthostatic Blood Pressure Change, Aortic Stiffness, and Brain Structure and Function in Young Adults
Authors: Cooper Leroy L. , Himali Jayandra J. , Torjesen Alyssa , Tsao Connie W. , Beiser Alexa , Hamburg Naomi M. , DeCarli Charles , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha , Pase Matthew P. , Mitchell Gary F.
Published: September 2017

Background

Relations of orthostatic change in blood pressure with brain structure and function have not been studied thoroughly, particularly in younger, healthier individuals. Elucidation of factors that contribute to early changes in brain integrity may lead to development of interventions that delay or prevent cognitive impairment.

Methods and Results

In a sample of the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation (N=2119; 53% women; mean age±SD, 47±8 years), we assessed orthostatic change in mean arterial pressure (
MAP
), aortic stiffness (carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity), neuropsychological function, and markers of subclinical brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess relations between orthostatic change in
MAP
and brain structural and neuropsychological outcomes. Greater orthostatic increase in
MAP
on standing was related to better Trails B‐A performance among participants aged <49 years (β±
SE
, 0.062±0.029;
P
=0.031) and among participants with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity <6.9 m/s (β±
SE
, 0.063±0.026;
P
=0.016). This relation was not significant among participants who were older or had stiffer aortas. Conversely, greater orthostatic increase in
MAP
was related to larger total brain volume among older participants (β±
SE
, 0.065±0.029;
P
=0.023) and among participants with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity ≥6.9 m/s (β±
SE
, 0.078±0.031;
P
=0.011).

Conclusions

Blunted orthostatic increase in
MAP
was associated with smaller brain volume among participants who were older or had stiffer aortas and with poorer executive function among persons who were younger or who had more‐elastic aortas. Our findings suggest that the brain is sensitive to orthostatic change in
MAP
, with results dependent on age and aortic stiffness.
Sex‐Specific Associations of Oral Anticoagulant Use and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Palamaner Subash Shantha Ghanshyam , Mentias Amgad , Inampudi Chakradhari , Kumar Anita A. , Chaikriangkrai Kongkiat , Bhise Viraj , Deshmukh Abhishek , Patel Nileshkumar , Pancholy Samir , Horwitz Phillip A. , Mickelsen Steven , Bhave Prashant D. , Giudici Michael , Oral Hakan , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary S.
Published: September 2017

Background

Sex‐specific effectiveness of rivaroxaban (
RIVA
), dabigatran (
DABI
), and warfarin in reducing myocardial infarction (
MI
), heart failure (
HF
), and all‐cause mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation are not known. We assessed sex‐specific associations of
RIVA
,
DABI
, or warfarin use with the risk of
MI
,
HF
, and all‐cause mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

Medicare beneficiaries (men: 65 734 [44.8%], women: 81 135 [55.2%]) with atrial fibrillation who initiated oral anticoagulants formed the study cohort. Inpatient admissions for
MI
,
HF
, and all‐cause mortality were compared between the 3 drugs separately for men and women using 3‐way propensity‐matched samples. In men,
RIVA
use was associated with a reduced risk of
MI
admissions compared with warfarin use (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (
CI
): 0.59 [0.38–0.91]), with a trend towards reduced risk compared with
DABI
use (0.67 [0.44–1.01]). In women, there were no significant differences in the risk of
MI
admissions across all 3 anticoagulants. In both sexes,
RIVA
use and
DABI
use were associated with reduced risk of
HF
admissions (men:
RIVA
; 0.75 [0.63–0.89],
DABI
; 0.81 [0.69–0.96]) (women:
RIVA
; 0.64 [0.56–0.74],
DABI
; 0.73 [0.63–0.83]) and all‐cause mortality (men:
RIVA
; 0.66 [0.53–0.81],
DABI
; 0.75 [0.61–0.93]) (women:
RIVA
; 0.76 [0.63–0.91],
DABI
; 0.77 [0.64–0.93]) compared with warfarin use.

Conclusions

RIVA
use and
DABI
use when compared with warfarin use was associated with a reduced risk of
HF
admissions and all‐cause mortality in both sexes. However, reduced risk of
MI
admissions noted with
RIVA
use appears to be limited to men.
Physiological Assessment of Ventricular Myocardial Voltage Using Omnipolar Electrograms
Authors: Magtibay Karl , Massé Stéphane , Asta John , Kusha Marjan , Lai Patrick F. H. , Azam Mohammed Ali , Porta‐Sanchez Andreu , Haldar Shouvik , Malebranche Daniel , Labos Christopher , Deno D. Curtis , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy
Published: September 2017

Background

Characterization of myocardial health by bipolar electrograms are critical for ventricular tachycardia therapy. Dependence of bipolar electrograms on electrode orientation may reduce reliability of voltage assessment along the plane of arrhythmic myocardial substrate. Hence, we sought to evaluate voltage assessment from orientation‐independent omnipolar electrograms.

Methods and Results

We mapped the ventricular epicardium of 5 isolated hearts from each species—healthy rabbits, healthy pigs, and diseased humans—under paced conditions. We derived bipolar electrograms and voltage peak‐to‐peak (Vpps) along 2 bipolar electrode orientations (horizontal and vertical). We derived omnipolar electrograms and Vpps using omnipolar electrogram methodology. Voltage maps were created for both bipoles and omnipole. Electrode orientation affects the bipolar voltage map with an average absolute difference between horizontal and vertical of 0.25±0.18 mV in humans. Vpps provide larger absolute values than horizontal and vertical bipolar Vpps by 1.6 and 1.4 mV, respectively, in humans. Bipolar electrograms with the largest Vpps from either along horizontal or vertical orientation are highly correlated with omnipolar electrograms and with Vpps values (0.97±0.08 and 0.94±0.08, respectively). Vpps values are more consistent than bipoles, in both beat‐by‐beat (CoV, 0.28±0.19 versus 0.08±0.13 in human hearts) and rhythm changes (0.55±0.21 versus 0.40±0.20 in porcine hearts).

Conclusions

Omnipoles provide physiologically relevant and consistent voltages that are along the maximal bipolar direction on the plane of the myocardium.
Impatiens baishaensis (Balsaminaceae): a new species from Sichuan, China
Authors: DING BO , WANG JIA-CAI , DENG HONG-PING , WANG CHAO-YING
Published: September 2017

Impatiens baishaensis B. Ding & H. P. Deng is a new species from Wawu Shan and Dafengding, Sichuan Province, China. The new species is superficially similar to I. oxyanthera in having 2-flowered racemose inflorescences and pink flowers with reddish veins, but differs from the latter by having smaller flowers, abaxial midveins of lateral sepals and dorsal petals puberulent, dorsal petal spotted with purple-red, and lower sepals navicular. Seed micromorphology and palynological features observed with scanning electron microscopy are also presented.
A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates
Authors: AGUILA RAYNER NUÑEZ , GENARO JULIO A. , PERÉZ-ASSO ANTONIO R. , HAUSMANN AXEL
Published: September 2017

A species belonging to the hysius group of Calisto is newly described. Calisto bahoruco new species inhabits the easternmost area of the southern Hispaniola Sierra de Bahoruco. The species is closely related to C. hysius Godart, another endemic from the southern mountains. The two species differ in average forewing length (larger in C. hysius), the relative size of ocelli (larger in C. bahoruco), and in the darker ground color with more contrasted paler edges of lines at underside of wings in C. bahoruco compared to C. hysius. Their male genitalia differ in the shape of the uncus and in the heavier sclerotization in C. bahoruco. COI barcodes bear a minimum of 15 differences between the two species. All species delimitation methods applied to the COI dataset, ABGD, BIN, bPTP, mPTP, and PTP yielded 8 species. The exception was the GMYC that failed to recognize the new taxon and oversplitted several other taxa. COI gene tree obtained by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian have identical topologies agreeing with a multilocus phylogeny reconstructed in a previous work on Calisto and placing the new taxon as sister of C. hysius. Additionally, we provide new evidence of the conspecific nature of all named populations within Calisto grannus group.
Rediscovery of Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae) with comments on its tribal classification and biogeography of South American Blaudusini
Authors: CARVAJAL MARIOM A. , FAÚNDEZ EDUARDO I. , RIDER DAVID A.
Published: September 2017

Although the knowledge of South American Acanthosomatidae has increased in the past decade, still little is known about the features or natural history of several genera. Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898) is a rare Acanthosomatid, known so far only from its type. In this work, rediscovery of P. canaliculus in the regions Araucania and Los Rios in Chile is reported. Part of the internal female genitalia is described. The classification of Pseudosinopla within the Acanthosomatidae is analyzed resulting in the genus being transferred from the Lanopini to Blaudusini. Additionally, the biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of the group are discussed. It is hypothesized that Pseudosinopla forms part of a Gondwanian relict. And that similarly to other heteropterans, the association among several acanthosomatids with Nothofagus Blume forests has shaped the evolutionary patterns of the group. Finally, a nomenclatural note on the Blaudusinae is provided.
Presence of the Glossosomatidae in Madagascar, with description of two species (Trichoptera)
Authors: GIBON FRANÇOIS-MARIE
Published: September 2017

Two new species of Agapetus Curtis, 1834 are described from Madagascar: Agapetus (Synagapetus) alarum n. sp. from the Andringitra National Park and Agapetus (Synagapetus) ranohelae n. sp. from the Andohahela National Park. They are the first species of Agapetus reported from the Island and belong to the southern African Agapetus (Synagapetus) agilis Species Group.
Spatial Coverage of Monitoring Networks: A Climate Observing System Simulation Experiment
Authors: Weatherhead Elizabeth C. , Bodeker Greg E. , Fassò Alessandro , Chang Kai-Lan , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Clack C. T. M. , Hurst Dale F. , Hassler Birgit , English Jason M. , Yorgun Soner
Published: September 2017

Observing systems consisting of a finite number of in situ monitoring stations can provide high-quality measurements with the ability to quality assure both the instruments and the data but offer limited information over larger geographic areas. This paper quantifies the spatial coverage represented by a finite set of monitoring stations by using global data—data that are possibly of lower resolution and quality. For illustration purposes, merged satellite temperature data from Microwave Sounding Units are used to estimate the representativeness of the Global Climate Observing System Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN). While many metrics exist for evaluating the representativeness of a site, the ability to have highly accurate monthly averaged data is essential for both trend detection and climatology evaluation. The calculated correlations of the monthly averaged upper-troposphere satellite-derived temperatures over the GRUAN stations with all other pixels around the globe show that the current 9 certified GRUAN stations have moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.7) for approximately 10% of the earth, but an expanded network incorporating another 15 stations would result in moderate correlations for just over 60% of the earth. This analysis indicates that the value of additional stations can be quantified by using historical, satellite, or model data and can be used to reveal critical gaps in current monitoring capabilities. Evaluating the value of potential additional stations and prioritizing their initiation can optimize networks. The expansion of networks can be evaluated in a manner that allows for optimal benefit on the basis of optimization theory and economic analyses.
An appraisal of practice guidelines for smoking cessation in people with severe mental illness
Authors: Sharma Ratika , Alla Kristel , Pfeffer Daniel , Meurk Carla , Ford Pauline , Kisely Steve , Gartner Coral
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To review the quality of current smoking cessation guidelines that include recommendations for people with severe mental illness.

Methods:

A systematic search of scientific databases, central government health authority websites, psychiatry peak bodies, guideline clearing houses and Google was undertaken for relevant smoking cessation guidelines. Three reviewers independently assessed guideline quality using the AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation II) instrument. Two reviewers extracted recommendations specific to smokers with severe mental illness.

Results:

Thirteen guidelines met the inclusion criteria. Seven guidelines scored ⩾60% in at least four domains. Median scores for ‘Editorial independence’, ‘Rigour of development’, ‘Stakeholder Involvement’ and ‘Applicability’ were less than 60%. The highest median scores were for ‘Scope and purpose’ (87%, 69–96%) and ‘Clarity of presentation’ (87%, 56–98%). ‘Editorial independence’ (33.3%, 0–86%) and ‘Rigour of development’ (54%, 11–92%) had the lowest median domain scores. The guidelines varied greatly in their recommendations but the majority recommended nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenicline as first-line pharmacotherapy, along with behavioural support.

Conclusion:

Many guidelines did not adequately report their methods or the competing interests of the authors. Future guidelines development may benefit from more specifically addressing AGREE II criteria and the needs of smokers with severe mental illness.
Intergenerational Similarity of Religiosity Over the Family Life Course
Authors: Min Joohong , Silverstein Merril , Gruenewald Tara L.
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

Research consistently shows that parents influence children’s religiosity. However, few studies acknowledge that there is within-group variation in the intergenerational transmission of religiosity. In this article, we examine whether and how congruence in religiosity between generations changes over the family life course and identifies unique parent–child trajectory classes.

Method:

We used eight waves of data from the Longitudinal Study of Generations, including 1,084 parent–child dyads beginning in 1971 when the children were adolescents and young adults, followed up to 2005. Growth mixture models (GMM) were tested.

Results:

GMM revealed four temporal patterns: stable similar, child weakens, child strengthens, and child returns. Results showed that children who were married were more likely to be members of the child-returns class than members of the stable-similar class.

Discussion:

Results are discussed in terms of the utility of the separation-individuation process and the life-course framework for understanding intergenerational differences and their stability over time.
Land versus sea
Authors: Murphy Peter
Published: September 2017

A critical analysis of Carl Schmitt’s account of the conflict between sea and land power, and the metaphysical and religious underpinning of these conflicting powers.
Greek Young Adults With Specific Learning Disabilities Seeking Learning Assessments
Authors: Bonti Eleni , Bampalou Christina E. , Kouimtzi Eleni M. , Kyritsis Zacharias
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons why Greek young adults with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) seek learning assessments. The study sample consisted of 106 adults meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for SLD. Data were collected through self-report records (clinical interview) of adults with SLD as well as from case records that included information on cognitive and learning assessment. The majority of the participants mentioned academic issues regarding different types of academic exams as the main referral reason for learning assessment. SLD females have more possibilities to seek learning assessments compared with males, and adults with writing difficulties have more possibilities to seek learning assessments compared with adults without writing difficulties. The reasons for referral in adulthood, at least within the Greek cultural context, are mostly socioeducational and less psychologically oriented. The findings are discussed in terms of postsecondary education services and early screening and identification.
Timing the Microbes: The Circadian Rhythm of the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Liang Xue , FitzGerald Garret A.
Published: September 2017

The mammalian circadian clock system, which includes the master clock and peripheral clocks, times different biological processes in reaction to external cues, such as the light-dark cycle. However, the chronobiology of prokaryotic cells is less well understood, except for in cyanobacteria. The recent blooming of gut microbiome research has revealed a critical role for the trillions of microbes residing in the vertebrate gut in determining both health and disease in the host. The question of whether the gut microbiome exhibits circadian oscillation and how it synchronizes with the host circadian clock has attracted considerable interest. In this review, we discuss the time-of-day–dependent compositional and functional structure within the gut microbial community, how it is regulated by the host, and how it reciprocally influences the host circadian clock.
The Effects of Part-Time Employment and Gender on Organizational Career Growth
Authors: van Osch Yvette , Schaveling Jaap
Published: September 2017

The literature on part-time employment suggests that this type of employment hampers career advancement especially for women. Conversely, role congruity theory suggests that part-time employment hampers career advancement for men. In view of the often confounded nature of gender and job status in research, we studied the main and interaction effects of job status and gender on perceived job alternatives and four subdimensions of organizational career growth. The data ( N = 211) revealed (1) a main effect of job status on job alternatives: compared to part-time employment, full-time employment leads to more perceived job alternatives; (2) an interaction effect of job status and gender on career goal progress, ability development, and promotion speed: men working part-time experienced less progress, development, and promotion speed than men working full-time and women in general. These results are explained by gender-role incongruence and challenge the idea that part-time work affects women in particular.
Impact of Brand Cues on Young Consumers’ Preference for Mobile Phones: A Conjoint Analysis and Simulation Modelling
Authors: Kulshreshtha Kushagra , Tripathi Vikas , Bajpai Naval
Published: September 2017

There are multiple attributes and product features which influence youth and impact their purchase decisions. The companies are assiduously trying to tap young consumers but are unable to sustain their high growth and market share. The attributes or brand cues influencing youth can be broadly classified as extrinsic cues and intrinsic cues. Extrinsic cues are peripheral or external to the product such as price, brand image, store image, whereas intrinsic cues are independent, inherent and constitute the product’s physical characteristics such as mobile camera, size, colour etc. In the present study, extrinsic cues are brand name and price while camera, RAM, Android type and battery power are intrinsic cues. To recognize the role of brand cues, a sample of 417 respondents through judgement sampling is drawn. The impact of brand name, price and technology on brand equity is empirically examined by conjoint and simulation analysis to generate information regarding consumers’ preferences towards mobile phone. The salience of study put forth the measures of enhancing mobile brand equity among young consumers. The originality of present study articulates brand equity diverge across different age groups and the young consumers obsession to spend more on consumer durable products like mobile with their desirable intrinsic and extrinsic cues.
Smart Cities, Mobile Technologies and Social Cohesion in India
Authors: Miklian Jason , Hoelscher Kristian
Published: September 2017

India’s cities are projected to grow by 300 million people by 2050, but this demographic transition may exacerbate fragile communal and infrastructural tensions. To address these challenges, the ‘Smart Cities’ agenda attempts to leverage India’s rapid embrace of technology to generate societal positive developmental outcomes in urban areas that emphasize the use of Internet and communications technologies (ICTs). However, local, regional and national government agencies struggle to balance embracing technology with inclusive development that protects civil rights and liberties. While the benefits are often stated, the acceleration of technology use in urban development can also create exclusionary cities, and many technologies that drive India’s modernization have also facilitated riots and violence between communities. This article explores these contradictions, examining scholarship on Smart Cities and ICTs in the context of the 2015–2016 Patel/Patidar agitation in Gujarat. We conclude by offering forward pathways for the Smart Cities and mobile technology agendas that support inclusive urban growth and development in India but are also mindful of civil liberties.
Diagnostic Overshadowing of the Psychiatric Population in the Emergency Department: Physiological Factors Identified for an Early Warning System
Authors: Geiss Michelle , Chamberlain Jill , Weaver Tamsyn , McCormick Carrie , Raufer Ashley , Scoggins Lorna , Petersen Lindsey , Davis Shannon , Edmonson Deborah
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Many people with mental disorders in the United States remain either medically untreated or inadequately treated, which is often attributed to diagnostic overshadowing, a common occurrence across the nation in emergency departments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to create a tool that supports accurate assessment and distinguishing behavioral symptoms between psychiatric illness and coexisting medical conditions in the emergency department, thus leading to appropriate care and placement. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort design of 133 psychiatric admissions were reviewed between the years 2011 and 2015. RESULTS: Logistic regression retained three factors: age greater than 70 years (odds ratio [OR] = 6.575, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.58-16.76), abnormal heart rate (OR = 8.48, 95% CI = 3.39-28.42), and abnormal temperature (OR = 9.82, 95% CI = 3.91-18.40). The three factors were then placed into a screening tool. The presence of each factor equaled 1 point. If the total score was greater than 2, the sensitivity of the tool was 68.7% and the specificity of the tool was 85.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Coexisting medical conditions in the psychiatric population may present as behavioral symptoms; however, the use of a tool that focuses assessment toward medical factors such as abnormal heart rate, abnormal temperature, and advanced age can direct further investigation of behavioral symptoms.
Twinning “Practices of Change” With “Theory of Change”
Authors: Arensman Bodille , van Waegeningh Cornelie , van Wessel Margit
Published: September 2017

Theory of change (ToC) is currently the approach for the evaluation and planning of international development programs. This approach is considered especially suitable for complex interventions. We question this assumption and argue that ToC’s focus on cause–effect logic and intended outcomes does not do justice to the recursive nature of complex interventions such as advocacy. Supported by our work as evaluators, and specifically our case study of an advocacy program on child rights, we illustrate how advocacy evolves through recursive interactions, with outcomes that are emergent rather than predictable. We propose putting “practices of change” at the center by emphasizing human interactions, using the analytical lenses of strategies as practice and recursiveness. This provides room for emergent outcomes and implies a different use of ToC. In this article, we make a clear distinction between theoretical reality models and the real world of practices.
Vibration and flutter analyses of cantilever trapezoidal honeycomb sandwich plates
Authors: Torabi Keivan , Afshari Hasan , Aboutalebi Farhad Haji
Published: September 2017

In this article, free flexural vibration and supersonic flutter analyses are studied for cantilevered trapezoidal plates composed of two homogeneous isotropic face sheets and an orthotropic honeycomb core. The plate is modeled based on the first-order shear deformation theory, and aerodynamic pressure of external flow with desired flow angle is estimated via the piston theory. For this goal, first applying the Hamilton's principle, the set of governing equations and boundary conditions are derived. Then, using a transformation of coordinates, the governing equations and boundary conditions are converted from the original coordinates into new computational ones. Finally, the differential quadrature method is employed and natural frequencies, corresponding mode shapes, and critical speed are numerically achieved. Accuracy of the proposed solution is confirmed by the finite element simulations and published experimental results. After the validation, effect of various parameters on the vibration and flutter characteristics of the plate are investigated. It is concluded that geometry of hexagonal cells in the honeycomb core has a weak effect on the natural frequencies and critical speed of the sandwich plate, whereas thickness of the honeycomb core has main influence on the natural frequencies and the critical speed. Besides, it is shown that the honeycomb core thickness has optimum values that lead to the most growth in the natural frequencies or critical speed. These optimum magnitudes can be taken into account by designers to increase the natural frequencies or expand flutter boundaries and make aircrafts safer in supersonic flights. It is also concluded that geometrical parameters of the hexagonal cells and thickness of the honeycomb core have no significant effect on the value of the critical flow angle.
Effect of surface chemical etching on the lubricated reciprocating wear of honed Al–Si alloy
Authors: Li Cheng-Di , Li Bin , Shen Yan , Jin Mei , Xu Jiu-Jun
Published: September 2017

To improve the wear resistance of the honed Al–Si alloy cylinder liner, the chemical etching was applied on the surface of the Al–Si alloy samples. The effect of the etching time on the wear behaviors of the etched surface was investigated using an in-house designed reciprocating wear machine with oil lubrication. Meanwhile, the tribological properties were related to the changes in the surface morphology of the Al–Si alloy samples before and after the wear tests to analyze the associated underlying wear mechanisms. Results show that 5% NaOH solution is an effective chemical agent to etch the surface of Al–Si alloy samples. The 2 min etched Al–Si alloy samples exhibits low friction coefficient and small weight loss, indicating a good wear behavior of the properly etched surface. The insufficiently etched surface was found when the etching time was less than 2 min. Rare silicon particles are exposed due to the little removal of the aluminum on the surface, such that aluminum will be in direct contact with the piston ring during friction, causing adhesive wear. In contrast, overetching leads to the even more seriously worn out surface as observed in the samples etched for more than 3 min. The silicon particles tends to debond from the matrix with the increase of etching depth, then serve as the abrasive grains in the friction, resulting in the considerable increase of the friction coefficient and weight loss.
Unique relations between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and patient functioning in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Arigo Danielle , Juth Vanessa , Trief Paula , Wallston Kenneth , Ulbrecht Jan , Smyth Joshua M
Published: September 2017

This study examined reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes who had no history of psychiatric diagnosis or treatment ( n = 184, MHbA1c = 9.13%, standard deviation = 1.68). Participants reported moderate to severe intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms ( M = 19.17, SD = 17.58). Together, depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms accounted for 10–40 percent of the variance in type 2 diabetes outcomes; post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were associated with elevated diabetes distress and more frequent exercise and self-blood glucose testing (unique R2 ~ 3%). Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms may be overlooked in type 2 diabetes among patients without formal psychiatric diagnoses, and warrant increased attention.
Developing an observational rubric of writing: Preliminary reliability and validity evidence
Authors: Harmey Sinéad , D’Agostino Jerome , Rodgers Emily
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this paper is (1) to report on the design of the early writing observational writing rubric designed to observe and describe change over time in the writing of children emerging into conventional literacy (ages 6–7) within an instructional setting and (2) to investigate the initial reliability and validity of the rubric. We used an extant data set that included 52 videos of writing instruction in Reading Recovery lessons (approximately 520 minutes) and pre- and post-intervention test data, for 24 students, taken at multiple time points across a 20-week period. Dependent sample t-tests and HLM were used to ascertain if the rubric was sensitive to change over occasions. We also considered if the scores correlated with external literacy measures. The findings suggest that the rubric has good initial reliability and validity and is a useful tool for researchers to observe and measure change over time as young children write in an instructional setting; further validation work is required for use in other settings.
Toward a New Approach to Authentic Leadership: The Practice of Embodied Dialogical “Thinking” and the Promise of Shared Power
Authors: Hanold Maylon
Published: September 2017

The Problem

Traditional descriptions of authentic leadership are highly individualistic and based on rational processes. Unfortunately, this view of authentic leadership reproduces the power and privilege of the all-knowing individual as uniquely situated as the problem solver. Such conceptions do not facilitate collaboration, a dynamic in which shared power plays a critical role. While recent critiques of authentic leadership consider the relational aspects of authentic leadership, they do not go far enough to help us understand how to navigate these power differentials.

The Solution

This article presents an embodied, dialogical approach to authentic leadership that attends to how shared power can be developed within the context of authenticity. Drawing from the experiences of students enrolled in a graduate leadership development course, this case study provides insights into how individual power is relinquished and rational thinking is subordinated to embodied dialogue. Findings are promising and show enhanced performance via these approaches.

Stakeholders

Leadership development practitioners and human resource development (HRD) specialists can benefit from this relational approach to authentic leadership because it enables diverse understandings of authentic leadership such that all individuals can feel empowered to be authentic leaders. Further, this case study offers insights into a relational understanding of authentic leadership.
The Science and Practice of Self-Control
Authors: Duckworth Angela L. , Seligman Martin E. P.
Published: September 2017

In 2005, we discovered that self-control “outdoes” talent in predicting academic success during adolescence. Since then, a surfeit of longitudinal evidence has affirmed the importance of self-control to achieving everyday goals that conflict with momentary temptations. In parallel, research that has “lumped” self-control with other facets of Big Five conscientiousness has shown the superior predictive power of this broad family of individual differences for diverse life outcomes. Self-control can also be “split” from related traits that in certain contexts demonstrate superior predictive power for achievement. Most important, both the “lumping” and “splitting” traditions have enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and antecedents of self-control. Collectively, progress over the past decade and a half suggests a bright future for the science and practice of self-control.
Conceptualizing transparency: Propositions for the integration of situational factors and stakeholders’ perspectives
Authors: Lee Tae Ho , Boynton Lois A.
Published: September 2017

In communication research on transparency, information has been predominantly regarded as an objective and ascertainable construct – for example, evaluated by its amount – resulting in the neglect of highly subjective and intersubjective considerations of situational factors such as crises, organization types, and larger external environments that include laws, regulations, and social norms, in addition to stakeholders’ perspectives. In reviewing the relevant literature, we first find that transparency has developed from an instrumental to an intrinsic value, and then locate the current inquiry into transparency in an area of overlap between the two approaches – implicating objective certainty and subjective value, respectively. Based on this review, we present the significance of integrating the two additional parameters of situational factors and stakeholders’ perspectives by focusing more on normative, rather than instrumental, perspectives. For the purpose of creating a comprehensive theoretical framework of transparency, we propose an operational definition of transparency as a process, as well as a research framework.
Panacea, placebo or prudence: Perspectives and constraints for corporate dialogue
Authors: Ihlen Øyvind , Levenshus Abbey
Published: September 2017

Public relations has long been preoccupied with the notion of dialogue, and the advent of social media ushered in new enthusiasm. Still, despite the technology on offer and the fact that dialogue has become a value that ‘everyone’ embraces, most research concludes that little actual dialogue takes place between corporations and their stakeholders. Scholars have pointed to a host of different factors to explain this, ranging from practitioners’ lack of time to their lack of understanding of what dialogue is. This article discusses perspectives on corporate dialogue with a focus on the constraints identified in the literature, before presenting the main argument that not enough attention has been paid to the macro limits at the systemic level. The article issues a call to locate dialogue attempts within a system where a limited economic rationality reigns, which, in turn, constrains what individual practitioners can achieve.
The construction of an elusive concept: Framing the controversial role and practice of lobbying in Swedish media
Authors: Helgesson Elin , Falasca Kajsa
Published: September 2017

This study seeks to explore the relation between the elusive scholarly concept and the media framing of the role and practice of lobbying. The longitudinal study analyses a time period of 10 years in Sweden when lobbying has taken on an increasingly influential role in the political system. The results, based on a content analysis of news articles and opinion editorials in five national newspapers and trade media, illustrate that the perception of lobbying is without nuance and a common negative frame is present and continues to be reproduced. Furthermore, a clear contradiction is evident in the relation between the scholarly debate and the mediated debate of the practice. The article discusses what this setting and inconsistency implies for current society and democracy, and the citizen trust in political representatives and institutions.
Rent and Surplus in the Global Production Network: Identifying ‘Value Capture’ from the South
Authors: Roy Satyaki
Published: September 2017

This article critically reviews the contemporary global production network (GPN) analyses from the perspective of Marxian political economy. 1 The GPN analyses focus on rents created at various nodes of the production network, and it ignores the fact that returns from interventions at specific stages in the value chain are not independent of the entire process of surplus creation and realization. Rents from innovation depend on the movement of the average capital in the particular industry and the way political economy of institutions allow certain ‘scarcities’ remain protected while others being drawn into the realm of competition. The article also argues that the GPN analyses hardly explain the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion of firms within such networks. It is argued that the dynamics is primarily governed by the relative position of individual capital and its technical composition with reference to the capital that assumes average levels of technology in that industry at a particular point of time.
Shoulder motion assistance using a single-joint Hybrid Assistive Limb® robot: Evaluation of its safety and validity in healthy adults
Authors: Makihara Takeshi , Kadone Hideki , Onishi Shinzo , Kubota Shigeki , Hada Yasushi , Shimizu Yukiyo , Kawamoto Hiroaki , Sankai Yoshiyuki , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: September 2017

Purposes:

To evaluate the feasibility of using the single-joint Hybrid Assistive Limb® robot (HAL) to assist with shoulder flexion-extension in healthy adults, and to assess the capacity of the HAL to analyze the bioelectrical signals of muscle activity for shoulder flexion-extension.

Methods:

This cross-sectional feasibility study included six healthy adult men with no impairment in shoulder motion. The single-joint HAL was fixed to a custom-designed platform and upper arm attachment, and aligned 3 cm below the acromion process. Vital signs, shoulder fatigue, and shoulder pain were evaluated before and after the shoulder elevation exercise performed with and without the HAL. Activity of selected muscles of the shoulder was recorded using a wireless superficial electromyography device. Shoulder movement was captured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system.

Results:

The HAL supported smooth flexion-extension of the arm at the shoulder joint, with no negative effects on vital signs, shoulder fatigue, and shoulder pain. The HAL decreased muscle activity levels, with a 55% decrease in trapezius muscle activity. The upward rotation angle of the scapula was significantly lower with the HAL at 120° of shoulder flexion.

Conclusion:

The single-joint HAL provided safe and effective assistance to scapular plane shoulder flexion-extension among healthy adults.