bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifikasi Steam Boiler pada Alat Sterilisasi untuk Minimasi Kontaminan Mikroba Media Tumbuh Jamur (Baglog)
Authors: ,SP Hermanto
Published: November 2018

Pada umumnya petani jamur dalam melakukan proses sterilisasi masih menggunakan alat sederhana berupa bejana dari drum bekas yang dipanaskan dengan tungku/gas elpiji, sehingga suhu tidak tercapai (< 100 oC), waktu pemanasan terlalu lama (6-8 jam) dan lebih 30% terkontaminasi oleh jamur liar. Tujuan dari modifikasi alat ini adalah mengetahui suhu dan tekanan yang optimal pada proses sterilisasi media tumbuh jamur (Baglog), sehingga  kontaminasi jamur liar dapat berkurang, kapasitas produksi dapat ditingkatkan dan waktu sterilisasi baglog dapat dipersingkat. Metode yang digunakan  adalah pertama melakukan desain gambar alat, kemudian pembuatan alat, uji coba dan unjuk kerja alat. Modifikasi Alat, terdiri dari 2 (dua) Unit yaitu Boiler dan Sterilisator. Boiler adalah bejana tertutup dimana panas pembakaran dialirkan ke air sampai terbentuk air panas atau steam, kemudian digunakan untuk mengalirkan panas ke suatu proses. Unit  boiler yang digunakan tipe  Water Tube Boiler, tipe ini  air umpan boiler  mengalir melalui pipa–pipa masuk ke dalam bejana. Air yang tersikulasi dipanaskan oleh gas pembakar membentuk steam pada daerah uap dalam bejana. Unit  boiler terbuat dari  plat baja tebal 3,5 mm, tinggi 125 cm dan diameter 57 cm, dilengkapi dengantermometer,presure gauge,savety valve,kran pengalir uap panas. Bagian dalam bawah terdapat pipa pemanas air dari pipa schedule 1 inch, yang dipasang horizontal 20 buah. Di bagian samping dipasang pipa kaca tebal 5 mm untuk memantau level air. Kaki dari besi baja Kanal U/ UNP  tinggi 30 cm. Sterilisator atau autoklaf ; alat pemanas tertutup untuk mensterilisasi suatu benda menggunakan uap bersuhu dan bertekanan tinggi (1210C, 15 lbf/in2) selama kurang lebih 15 menit. Suhu yang tinggi inilah yang akan membunuh microorganisme. Unit sterilisator dari plat stainless steel tebal 2 mm, tinggi 150 cm dan diameter 120 cm. Bagian dalam diberi plat stainless steel vorporasi tebal 1,3 mm dan rak dorong dari kawat stainless steel setinggi 27 cm. Bagian atas dipasang   termometer. Kaki dari baja siku  setinggi  50 cm. Hasil uji coba unjuk kerja alat diperoleh  kapasitas stelisator 350-500 baglog, suhu  berkisar 100-120 0C tekanan 1,5-1,9 bar, waktu tercapainya suhu pada alat 2-3 jam.
Physical activity as a healthy practice in the third age / Atividade física como prática saudável na terceira idade / Actividad física como práctica saludable en la tercera edad
Authors: Ferrer Káttia Maria de Sousa , Costa Ermano Batista
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: o estudo avaliou a prática da atividade física como um estilo de vida saudável durante a terceira idade. Metodologia: caracterizou-se como do tipo descritivo-exploratório-transversal com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados de entrevista semi-estruturada. Assim, foram entrevistados 20 idosos, praticantes de atividade física (caminhada), cadastrados numa Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família, localizada no distrito de Espacinha em Nova Russas - Ceará, Brasil. Resultados: os sujeitos do estudo eram, em sua maioria, hipertensos (95%), sexo feminino (90%), com nível de instrução fundamental (20% + 35% = 55%) e não fumantes (90%). Os idosos mencionaram caminhar em média 48 min/dia e 4,45 dias/semana. Como maior benefício à sensação de bem-estar (40%), locomoção (15%) e sobre o sono, dormindo em média 6,4 h/noite. Conclusões: os dados obtidos evidenciam pela percepção dos idosos, que a prática regular da caminhada traz benefícios para o corpo em geral, principalmente no sono, locomoção e no bem-estar. O estudo suscita traçar perfil dos idosos que não praticam atividade física, em especial os homens, e o incentivo profissional à prática para todos.Descritores: Envelhecimento. Qualidade de Vida. Atividade Física. Caminhada.
NURSING TECHNICIANS’ KNOWLEDGE ACCIDENT WITH NEEDLE SHARP MATERIAL
Authors: Cardoso Ana Letícia Da Costa , Lira Jefferson Abraão Caetano , Ribeiro José Francisco , Nolêto Julyanne Dos Santos , Silva Rutielle Ferreira , Da Silva Francisca Aline Amaral
Published: November 2018

Objective: to analyze nursing technicians’ knowledge about accident with needle sharp material. Method: descriptive study of qualitative approach, performed at a large-sized hospital in the state of Piauí, with 12 nursing technicians. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through content analysis technique. Results: the majority showed satisfactory knowledge about accident with needle sharp material. Improper disposal of needles and blades was pointed out as the main cause of this accident. There was divergence in relation to contamination or not of the material to be considered needle sharp accident. A large part reported that this type of accident is quite distressing, disturbing and traumatic, in addition to having doubts about the notification and treatment of this accident. Conclusion: although the majority presented satisfactory knowledge about accidents with needle sharp material, there is a need for greater concern with Biosafety, continuing education and prevention of accidents to workers.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Group Investigation dengan Scaffolding Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Fisika Siswa SMA
Authors: Andi Herman Jufri , Umamah Chariratul
Published: November 2018

This study aims to identify how the influence of cooperative Group Investigation (GI) with scaffolding models for students physics concept ability. This research is a quasi-experimental study. The sample in this study was carried out by cluster random sampling technique with a pretest posttest control group design. The instrument used in this study is concept ability test in a multiple choice form consisting of 15 questions. the first sample was the experimental class (X-1) treated by the GI learning model with scaffolding and the second class was the control class (X-2) given cooperative learning treatment type Group Investigation (GI) with the number of each class of 20 students. Data analysis technique uses descriptive quantitative with SPSS 22.0 For Windows. The value of pre-test and posttest for experimental class was 68.75 and 91.75 while pre-test and posttest scores for control class were 72.25 and 83.75 respectively. From the results of pretest-posttest data analysis using T-test (hypothesis) it was found that there was a significant effect of the use of cooperative learning by GI with sacffolding models on students' physics concepts ability. These results can be shown that the Experimental class has an achievement of physics concept ability value which is significantly higher than the control class.
Predicting Dynamic Capacity Curve of Elevated Water Tanks: A Pushover Procedure
Authors: Mellati Afshin
Published: November 2018

Despite the importance of water tanks for water supplies and supporting the community resilience through the firefighting usages in catastrophic conditions, post-earthquake situations especially, a few studies have been done on seismic behavior of water tanks so far. The scope of this paper is to propose a new pushover procedure to evaluate seismic responses of elevated water tanks (EWT) supported on the concrete shaft in the form of dynamic capacity curves (i.e. base shear versus top displacement). In this regard, a series of shaft supported EWTs are simulated considering soil-structure and fluid-structure interactions. The shaft is modelled with frame elements and plastic hinges are assigned along the shaft to consider the material nonlinearity. The effect of soil-structure interaction and fluid-structure interaction are considered through the well-known Cone model and modified Housner model, respectively. At first, parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of various essential parameters such as soil type, water level and tank capacity on seismic responses of EWTs using incremental dynamic analysis (i.e. nonlinear-time-history-analyses with varying intensities). Thereafter, pushover analyses as nonlinear static analyses are performed by variation of lateral load patterns. Finally, utilizing these results and comparing them with mean IDA curve, as an exact solution; a pushover procedure based on the most reliable lateral load patterns is proposed to predict the mean IDA curve of the EWTs supported on the concrete shaft. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed pushover procedure with errors limited to 30 % only in the changing stage from linear to nonlinear sections of the IDA curve.
Evaluation of the Performance of Reinforced Red Coffee Soils Embankments Subject to Rainfall Event
Authors: Zimbu Salim Ali , Thuo Joseph , Ambassah Nathaniel
Published: November 2018

Infrastructure development in Kenya has led to the need for alternative material in slopes and embankments construction. Sourcing of recommended cohesionless material often leads to the destruction of the environmental features such as rivers and involves high extraction and transportation costs. The need for alternative material is the motivation behind this study. The study aims to evaluate the potential of Red coffee soils of Kenya as a backfill material in the construction of slopes and embankments. Provision of sand cushion layers to sandwich non-woven geotextile material has been suggested to overcome the water drainage and stability problems that have been associated with these soils. The study first involved identifying the properties of both the Red coffee soils (RCS) and the river sand that is to aid in drainage. Numerical model SEEP/W was used in evaluating the effect of geotextile inclination on the performance of RCS embankments before the effect of introducing sand cushions of different thickness evaluated. The numerical results revealed that the stability of reinforced RCS decreased with increase in pore water pressure in the embankments due to rainfall infiltration. Provision of sand cushion layers helped improve both the local and global stabilities of the RCS subjected to rainfall infiltration. The results showed that 150mm sand cushion layer was adequate to improve the performance of RCS embankments and reduced the sand consumption in the construction of embankments to 15%.
Análise Criminológica Da (In)Racionalidade No Terrorismo: O Campo De Tensão Entre A Motivação De Atividades E O Direito Penal Do Inimigo
Authors: Silva Cícera Rosana da , Ifadireó Miguel Melo , Filho Antoniel dos Santos Gomes
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta alguns desaﬁos advindos das discussões entre a Criminologia e a Dogmática Penal e tem por objetivo analisar a (in)racionalidade do terrorismo no campo de tensão entre a motivação de atividades criminosas e o direito penal do inimigo. Com o advento dos Jogos Olímpicos no Estado e cidade do Rio de Janeiro, quando se exsurgiu a necessidade de uma norma disciplinadora do que seria terrorismo para fins penais no Estado Brasileiro. Hodiernamente, falar sobre terrorismo gera uma polarização de posicionamento quase que instantânea. É como se houvesse um posicionamento entre o bem e o mal, o qual seria o Estado versus o inimigo, tendo em vista que o senso comum impõe a ideia de justificativa de penalização do indivíduo agressor como proteção estatal ao coletivo. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho pautou-se em revisão de literatura, uma vez que foi realizada com base em análise de obras doutrinárias, leis nacionais e estrangeiras com uso do método de procedimento dedutivo e dialético. A partir desses aspectos teórico-metodológicos, concluiu-se, por um lado, ser de fundamental importância o debate sobre a “gravidade” da temática, uma vez que o Direito Penal do Inimigo, da mesma forma que o terrorismo, também é um ato de lesão à cidadania; por outro lado, a abordagem crítica da Lei 13.260/2016 nos permitiu enxergar a possibilidade da punição de atos preparatórios, o que no sistema penal vigente, até então, ainda não se admitia tal forma punição
ANALYSIS WRITING SKILLS OF STUDENTS WITH HEARING DISABILITIES AT INCLUSIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Pujiastuti Arik Umi , Agustin Ina , Mizan Saeful
Published: November 2018

The fact is that there are people who have the disadvantage that they can not master the four skills or language skills (writing, reading, speaking, and listening). One of them is students with hearing disabilities. This deficiency affects other language skills, especially speaking and writing skills. Basically the ability of written language is the ability of the language that can be done students with hearing disabilities  to replace the ability of spoken language. This study aims to analyze and describe the ability to write in students with hearing disabilities at elementary school Inclusion in Tuban District. Based on data analysis conducted can be known from the interview data, on the indicator 1) seven students who can write with percentage 100%, indicator 2) four students who can show the ability and three students can not show the ability, the percentage of 57.1% students who can and 42.9% of students who can not. In indicator 3) three students can and four students who can not, percentage of, 42.9% for students who can and 57.1% students can not. Indicator 4) one student can and six students who can not, percentage of 14.2% students who can show ability and 85.8% students who can not point the ability. Indicator 5) three that can indicate the capability of the indicator and four that can not show, with the percentage of 42.9% of students who can and 57.1% of students who can not. The data of test result using indicator 2 to 5. Indicator 2) four students can show ability and three students can not, percentage equal to 57,1% student that can show ability 42,9% student which can not. Indicator 3) five students can two students can not, percentage of 71.4% of students who can and 28.6% for students who can not show ability. Indicator 4) one student can show ability and six students can not show ability, percentage is 14,2% student who can and 85,8% student can not show ability. Indicator 5) six students can show ability and one student can not show ability, percentage equal, 85,8% student can and 14,2% student can not. The conclusions obtained from the research that has been done states that the ability to write grade IV students with hearing disabilities in SDN Inclusion at Kabupaten Tuban. One of the influencing factors is the low ability of spoken language possessed by the inability to sense the sense of hearing.
KARAKTERISTIK ANTOSIANIN DAN TINGKAT PENERIMAAN MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL SIRUP UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomea batatas L. Poir) DENGAN VARIASI LAMA PEMANASAN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Pade Satria Wati
Published: November 2018

Ubi jalar ungu merupakan salah satu jenis ubi yang banyak ditemui di Indonesia selain berwarna putih, kuning dan merah (Lingga, 1995). Ubi jalar ungu merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan yang mempunyai keunggulan sifat fungsional, karena bebagai komponen yang terkandung didalamnya mempunyai fungsi-fungsi fisiologis tertentu. Ubi ini mengandung vitamin dan mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh seperti kalsium, zat besi,vit A maupun C. Selain itu, ubi  jalar ungu banyak mengandung zat warna terutama pigmen antosianin (Herawati dan widowati, 2009). Pengolahan ubi jalar ungu biasanya hanya dilakukan secara sederhana, yaitu sebagian besar masyarakat memanfaatkannya dengan cara dikukus atau direbus, digoreng, diolah menjadi kolak dan keripik. Untuk meningkatkan citra perlu dilakukan terobosan teknologi pengolahan pangan, maupun menggali dan mensosialisasikan keunggulan mutu gizi serta sifat fungsionalnya dari ubi jalar tersebut (Hernani dan Raharjo, 2005). Salah satu olahan ubi jalar ungu yang cukup potensial yaitu mengolah ubi jalar ungu menjadi sirup sehingga lebih praktis, mudah dikonsumsi dan mengandung antioksidan yang sangat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Stabilitas kimiawi antosianin sebagai pewarna alami sekaligus berfungsi sebagai antioksidan pada ubi jalar ungu dipengaruhi oleh suhu pemanasan (Wulandari dan Suhartatik, 2013). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan lama pemanasan yaitu perlakuan A= 5 menit, perlakuan B= 10 menit, perlakuan C= 15 menit, masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Variable yang diamati meliputi: Uji organoleptik, warna, viskositas, total padatan terlarut,vitamin C dan antosianin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil uji organoleptik rata-rata termasuk dalam kategori netral sampai suka, warna ungu cerah, viskositas 165,6 mPa.s, total padatan terlarut 59,83%, vitamin C 10,62% dan kadar antosianin 63,54%
Kasus peledakan bom Tiga Gereja di Surabaya di tinjau dari teori Hati Nurani Sesat”
Authors: Wati Yana Lely Tega
Published: November 2018

Bagi masyarakat majemuk diskusi tentang kemoralan akan senantiasa aktual dan relevan. Modal kita sama, yaitu sebuah kempuan intelektual dan rasional. Kepentingan titik-titik dalam kemoralan bagi pengembangan hidup bersasma sesuai dengan martabat manusia. Secara umum disadari kiranya bahwa orang yang pengertiannya tentang moral belum disempurnakan sehingga menjadi pengrrtian orang dewasa. Mengingat kenyataan ini, maka sangat diperlukan paparan tentang moral untuk memberikan pengertian yang refleksif .Konsep hati nurani memberi prisip umum seperti jangan berdusta ( bohong ), jangan membenci , jangan membunuh dll. Namun hukum tidak mengatakan apakah perbuatan pengeboman tersebut yang dilakukan oleh oknum tertentu termasuk suatu perbuatan berdusta atau bukan, dengan hati nurani bisa menentukan suatu perbuatan itu baik atau buruk, maka dari itu perlu kita kaji kembali untuk memperdalam hakikat hati nurani ini. Apakah yang akan terjadi bila seseorang berhati nurani sesat? Kekeliruannya dapat diatasi dengan cara mengoreksi dirinya .Analisa kasus pengeboman Tiga Gereja di Surabaya ini menggunakan teori tatanan moral subjektif yang bertujuan untuk mengenalkan konsep hati nurani sesat kepada pembaca. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kasus tersebut merupakan tindakan yang dapat digolongkan sebagai hati nurani sesat yang dipengaruhi oleh budaya keagamaan yang keliru, serta lingkungan keluarga yang keliru. Pembaca juga disuguhi solusi hasil analisa kasus dari pengeboman Tiga Gereja di Surabaya.
POLISI UNGKAP KASUS SEORANG ADIK MEMBUNUH KAKAKNYA SENDIRI DI TASIKMALAYA “Kasus ini jelas tidak mencerminkan nilai-nilai Pancasila”
Authors: Febrianto Yoga
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Dalam kasus ini, saya akan membahas tentang kasus pembunuhan. Kasus pembunuhan ini terjadi di Tasikmalaya. Terdapat seoarang adik yang dengan tega membunuh kakaknya sendiri. Pembunuhan ini bermotif dendam pribadi antara dua saudara tersebut. Tersangka pun meminta bantuan keponakannya sendiri untuk mengeksekusi di depan rumah korban yang masih satu kampung. Kasus ini juga jelas melanggar Pancasila yaitu sila pertama dan kedua. Kasus ini termasuk pelanggaran pancasila sila pertama “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” karena setiap agama tentunya mengajarkan mengenai kebaikan. Tuhan menciptakan manusia untuk saling mengasihi dan menyayangi. Manusia tidak berhak untuk mencabut (membunuh) sesama, karena hidup dan mati itu hanya Tuhan lah yang berhak menentukannya. Dari kasus ini juga termasuk pelanggaran Pancasila kedua “Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab” karena dimana dalam sila kedua ini menjelaskan bahwa sebagai rakyat Indonesia selayaknya memperlakukan setiap manusia secara adil dan beradab dengan cara saling mencintai sesama manusia dan menjujung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan. Kepala Polres mengungkapkan "Korban dibunuh memakai alat sebilah balok dan batu di depan rumahnya, ". Kedua tersangka pun diancam dengan tiga pasal sekaligus yakni hukuman mati, seumur hidup dan minimal kurungan penjara minimal 20 tahun. "Ancaman hukumannya tiga tuntutan sekaligus, hukuman mati, seumur hidup dan minimal 20 tahun," ungkapnya
Coordinated Shirking
Authors: Tenev Nicholas H
Published: November 2018

In the financial crisis of 2008, losses on popular new securitized products far exceeded predictions. This paper studies this episode with a model of technology adoption: a principal tries to induce costly effort from a group of agents charged with vetting new technology. The principal is unwilling to simultaneously punish large groups of agents, so they shirk when coordination is possible. Widely applicable technology expands productive possibilities but also provides an opportunity for coordinated shirking, and can thus lead to widespread production failure. Furthermore, even agents who learn that they are using flawed technology may continue to do so.
Remaining childless or postponing first birth?
Authors: Mogi Ryohei , del Mundo Michael
Published: November 2018

Childlessness has received attention in the past decades, as it may indicate a new lifestyle and has substantial influences on many aspects of the female life course. An increase in the number of childless people has been observed throughout Europe, North America, and Japan. Accompanying this trend, the mean age at first childbirth has increased. However, whether the phenomenon of remaining childless or that of postponing first childbirth is the main contributor has not been clearly investigated. The aim of this study is to quantify those effects using a decomposition method. We employ the classical life table method to measure changes in first childbirth behavior. Life expectancy is normally used in mortality research to represent the average number of years people live. In childlessness (first childbirth) research, life expectancy signifies the expected number of years without children, as the event of focus is first childbirth. Thus, we define the expected years without children as age 15 to age 50 (EYWC) using the Coale-McNeil model. To avoid the problems of truncation and censoring, only completed cohort fertility data of eight selected countries from the Human Fertility Database are examined. EYWC is decomposed into three factors: remaining childless, postponing first childbirth, and expansion of the standard deviation of mean age at first childbirth. Results of the decomposition show that postponement is mainly occurred in North America and Northern European countries. Contrarily, remaining childless is observed as the main contributor in Japan and Portugal.
AKTIFITAS BIODEGRADASI IN VITRO DAN IN VIVO SERAT KITOSAN YANG TELAH DIBERI PERLAKUAN DEHIDRASI DAN PLASTISISASI
Authors: Winiati Wiwin , Septiani Wulan
Published: November 2018

Pada penelitian ini dipelajari aktifitas biodegradasiin vitro dengan menggunakan enzim lisozim untuk serat kitosan yang telah diberi perlakuan proses dehidrasi dan plastisisasidan biodegradasi in vivo terhadap kucing.  Dengan tujuan  untuk mengetahui parameter yang dapat menurunkan kecepatan biodegradasi yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan besarnya kehilangan  kekuatan tarik, padabiodegradasi in vitro dilakukan pengukuran diameter dan densitas, kekuatan tarik dan morfologi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa biodegradasi serat kitosan dengan enzim lisozim dalam media larutan PBS (phosphat buffer saline)pada suhu 37oC selama 3 hari, menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kekuatan tarik, dan besarnya penurunan kekuatan tarik dipengaruhi oleh diameter serat, densitas serat,  proses dehidrasi dan plastisisasi yang dilakukan, derajat deasetilasi kitosan serta jumlah enzim yang diberikan. Peningkatan densitas, melakukan proses dehidrasi dilanjutkan  plastisisasi (DP) dan penggunaan kitosan dengan  derajat deasetilasi (DD) yang lebih rendah berhasil mengurangi kehilangan kekuatan tarik serat karena biodegradasi. Biodegradasi menyebabkan terjadinya hidrolisa ikatan kimia dalam rantai polimer pada serat kitosan  yang mengakibatkan terjadinya pengikisan/keropos pada serat.  Dari hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa biodegradasi yang terjadi adalah menurut mekanisma bulk degradation. Uji biodegradasi in vivo menunjukkan serat kitosan biodegradable dan biokompatabel dengan jaringan kulit kucing, dan pada biodegradasi in vivo secara visual terlihat serat kitosan lebih cepat melebur dari pada saat uji in vitro.
PENINGKATAN DAYA SERAP SERAT POLIESTER MENGGUNAKAN SELULOSA BAKTERIAL
Authors: Gustiani Srie , Eriningsih Rifaida
Published: November 2018

Poliester mempunyai beberapa keunggulan seperti tahan kusut, mudah pemeliharaannya dan relatif awet, namun kurang nyaman dipakai terutama pada kondisi tropis karena daya serapnya rendah dengan moisture regain (MR) 0,4%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merubah sifat hidrofob kain poliester menjadi hidrofil untuk meningkatkan daya serapnya. Proses dilakukan dengan cara melapisi selulosa bakterial melalui proses perendaman kain dalam bakteri selulosa (Acetobacter xylinum) dalam medium air kelapa, selama 3 hari, 6 hari, 9 hari dan 12 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses fiksasi dan pemurnian dengan NaOH 3%. Produk yang dihasilkan kemudian dilakukan pencucian berulang dengan mesin lounder O-meter sebanyak 1, 2 dan 3 kali atau setara dengan 5, 10 dan 15 kali pencucian dengan mesin cuci rumah tangga. Dari beberapa pengujian diketahui bahwa semakin lama waktu perendaman, MR dan daya serapnya semakin meningkat, namun kekuatan tarik mengalami sedikit penurunan. Dari analisa morfologi dengan Scanning Electron Microscope terlihat bahwa  dengan perendaman selama 6 hari sudah jelas terlihat lapisan selulosa bakterial yang menyelubungi serat dengan rata yang juga dibuktikan pada serapan gugus fungsinya pada Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan hasil pencelupan dengan zat warna reaktif. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada perendaman 6 hari dan setelah pencucian berulang 2 kali dengan mesin lounder O-meter (setara dengan10 kali pencucian rumah tangga), yaitu MR meningkat dari 0,4 % menjadi 1,02 % dan waktu penyerapan  dari 96,64 detik menjadi 4,22 detik.
mind use at the lessons of history and social studies (GES)
Authors: Boev Ilia Evgenievich
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the reception of mind maps. The publication substantiates the relevance and advantages of this method of learning and development. The work proved the effectiveness of mental maps.
Facile Construction of Novel Fused Chromeno[2,3-d]Thiazolo[3,2-a]Pyrimidine Derivatives in Biocompatible Ionic Liquid under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Esmaeilinezhad Maryam , Esmaeili Abbas Ali , Jannati Saeideh
Published: November 2018

A simple and efficient three-component reaction is reported between 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxythiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one, dimedone and aromatic aldehydes for synthesis of biologically important novel heterocycles containing thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine and chromene as biologically active moieties. The SO3H-functionalised halogen-free ionic liquid [MIM(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4-] is found to be an environmentally benign catalyst for this reaction without using any solvent. This SO3H-functionalised ionic liquid could be recovered and used at least four times without considerable reduction in activity. Good functional group tolerance, broad scope of usable substrates and good to excellent yields of products are the other prominent features of the present synthetic protocol.
Del mapa de amenaza natural a los mapas de riesgo: un paso fundamental para su gestión
Authors: Mesías Rosas Oswaldo
Published: November 2018

El resurgimiento de las amenazas causadas por los diferentes fenómenos naturales y la creciente vulnerabilidad de los habitantes urbanos, deja al descubierto la necesidad urgente de avanzar en los procesos de gestión de riesgos. Con el propósito de definir herramientas más eficientes para incluir en la planificación territorial que contribuyan a minimizar el riesgo, este artículo muestra casos de confusión conceptual entre mapas de amenazas y mapas de riesgos en la planificación territorial en nuestro país, aclara sus diferencias y define los componentes mínimos que deben ser incluidos. Finalmente, se concluye explicando la necesidad de incorporar la gestión de riesgos en la planificación territorial utilizando mapas de riesgo.
Conserving Wildlife Resources in Zimbabwe: Reflections on Chirinda Forest, 1920s-1979
Authors: Ndumeya Noel
Published: November 2018

This article uses Chirinda Forest as a lens through which to view wildlife conservation policy and practice in colonial Zimbabwe. Situated in eastern Zimbabwe, Chirinda Forest was unique in that, though located in a typical savannah climate, it was a tropical rainforest and the only one of its kind in Zimbabwe. The article examines the structure, variety, maturity and density of the forest's trees. It describes its diverse game and water systems and contrasts the forest's traditional and modern ownership patterns. It also traces how the state acquired this forest and sought to conserve it for aesthetic, scientific, educational and recreational reasons - processes that set the state on a collision course with African communities surrounding this forest, who valued it as a source for timber, firewood, medicine, game and other resources. Drawing on the history of Chirinda Forest, the study questions the appropriateness and effectiveness of colonial conservation policies while exploring the strategies adopted by the marginalised sections of society clandestinely to access wildlife resources from this forest.
KARAKTERISTIK CAKE UBI KAYU DENGAN CAMPURAN TEPUNG TERIGU DAN PEMBERIAN BAKING SODA
Authors: Ariani Farida , Ninsix Retti
Published: November 2018

Penelitian Karakteristik Cake Ubi kayu (Manihot utilisima) dengan Campuran Tepung Teregu dan Pemberian Bahan Bahan Pengembang Baking Soda (NaHCO3) bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan campuran ubi kayu dengan tepung terigu dan penambahan bahan pengembang baking soda (NaHCO3).terhadap karakteristik cake yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu faktor A (campuran ubi kayu dengan tepung terigu) dan Faktor B (bahan pengembang baking soda). Faktor A terdiri dari tiga taraf perlakuan yaitu a1 = campuran ubi kayu 180 gram dan tepung terigu 20 gram, a2=campuran ubi kayu 160 gram dengan tepung terigu 40 gram, a3=campuran ubi kayu 140 gram dengan tepung terigu 60 gram. Faktor B terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu b0=tanpa pengembang, b1=0,4 gram (setara dengan konsentrasi 0,20%), b2=0,5 gram (setara dengan konsentrasi 0,25%), b3=0,6 gram (setara dengan konsentrasi 0,30%).Hasil terbaik untuk uji organoleptik diperoleh pada perlakuan a3b0 (140 gram ubi kayu dengan campuran tepung terigu 60 gram dan pemberian tanpa bahan pengembang ), rasa diperoleh pada perlakuan a3b0. Aroma a3b0, tekstur a3b0.( 140 gram ubi kayu dan 60 tanpa pengembang). warna 3,15, rasa 3, aroma 2,70 dan tekstur 2,80.
STUDI PEMBUATAN ROTI MANIS KUKUS DARI CAMPURAN TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN TEPUNG PISANG NANGKA
Authors: Susmawida Susmawida , Ninsix Retti
Published: November 2018

Penelitian yang brjudul Studi Pembuatan Roti Manis Kukus Dari Campuran Tepung Terigu Dengan Tepung Pisang Nangka bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi yang tepat pada pencampuran tepung terigu dengan tepung pisang nangka dalam pengolahan roti manis kukus. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan secara eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Adapun perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah A(Tepung pisang nangka 10%, tepung terigu 90%), B (Tepung pisang nangka 20%, tepung terigu 80%), C (Tepung pisang nagka 30 %, tepung terigu 70%), D(Tepung pisang nangka 40%, tepung terigu 60%), E(Tepung pisang nangka 50%, tepung terigu 50%).Hasil terbaik untuk kadar air diperoleh pada perlakuan A (Tepung Pisang Nangka 10% : Tepung Terigu 90%) dengan kadar air 29,00 %, kadar abu 0,54 %, dan kadar protein 9,94 %, dan uji organoleftik warna 3,20 %, aroma 3,45 %, tekstur 2,95 % dan rasa 2,90 %.
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO KIMIA DAN SENSORI MANISAN PIDADA DENGAN KONSENTRASI AGAR-AGAR SERBUK YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah , Sari Putri R. Marwita
Published: November 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi agar-agar serbuk yang tepat dalam pengolahan manisan pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) sehingga menghasilkan karakteristik fisiko, kimia dan sensori yang baik. Konsentraasi agar-agar serbuk pada pembuatan manisan pedada (Sonneratia Caseolaris) tidak menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, abu, gula sukrosa, dan uji organoleptik terhadap rasa dan aroma, serta menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap warna, dan tekstur. Konsentrasi agar-agar serbuk terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan D (2,5% agar-agar serbuk / bb) dengan karakteristik kadar air 17,99%, kadar abu 0.33% dan kadar gula sukrosa 58,21%. Skor uji hedonik terhadap perlakuan D tersebut adalah: 2,58% rasa, 1,50% warna, 2,37% aroma, dan 2,70% tekstur.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN RUMPUT LAUT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGENTAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SAUS PEPAYA
Authors: Jazuli Jazuli , Ninsix Retti
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penambahan rumput laut sebagai bahan pengental yang tepat terhadap karakteristik saos pepaya yang dihasilkan. Rancangan percobaan penelitian ini adalah menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan penambahan rumput laut sebagaibahan pengental (A = 1% rumput laut, B = 2% rumput laut, C = 3% rumput laut, D = 4% rumput laut).Analisa dilakukan untuk menentukan kadar air, kadar pati, dan organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur), Untuk hasil terbaik dari penambahan rumput laut sebagai bahan pengental terhadap saos pepaya adalah perlakuan A (1% rumput laut) dengan kadar air 86,86%, kadar lemak 0,76%, viskositas 72,00% uji organoleptik wama 4,55.
STUDI KONSENTRASI GULA YANG TEPAT PADA MANISAN KERING UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK YANG DIHASILKAN
Authors: Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Novitasari Rifni
Published: November 2018

Penelitian dengan judul studi konsentrasi gula yang tepat pada manisan kering ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L) terhadap karakteristik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Islam Indragiri Tembilahan dan analisa dilaksanakan di laboratorium Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas Padang. Pada bulan Mei – Juli 2017. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi gula yang tepat pada manisan kering yang dihasilkan. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi gula perberat bahan, yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan, yaitu A : 40%, B : 50%, C : 60%, dan D : 70%. Hasil penelitian ubi jalar ungu berdasarkan uji kimia dan uji organoleptik, perlakuan terbaik manisan kering ubi jalar ungu yaitu perlakuan D (konsentrasi gula 70%) dengan kadar air 5,00% kadar gula 21,00% kadar pati 29,66% nilai aroma 3.40, warna 3.45, tekstur 3.30 dan rasa 3.40.
Synthesis and Characterization of Electromagnetic Material Based On Composite of Barium M-Ferrite and Zinc Oxide
Authors: Harahap Verryon , Humaidi Syahrul , Sebayang Perdamean
Published: November 2018

The making of composites BaFe12O19/ZnO has been done with Wet Milling method used media toluene. Barium M-Ferrit as a matrix and Zinc Oxide as a filler used as the main raw material for composite manufacturing. The milling process of Barium M-Ferrit was done for 12 hours using the High Energy Milling (HEM). Furthermore, the calcination process used furnace at 900 ° C for 4 hours. While Zinc Oxide is milled for 3 hours and calcined at a temperature of 500 oC for 3 hours. The results of Barium M-Ferrit and zinc Oxide mixed using wet milling touluene media for 15 minutes and dried for 1 hour at 200 oC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that BaFe12O19 as a matrix and ZnO as filler with hexagonal crystal structure was formed and the peak showed a single phase, where each BaFe12O19 lattice parameter a = 5.8930 Å, c = 23.1940 Å and ZnO lattice parameter a = 3.2533 Å, c = 5.2073 Å. Characterization Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) obtained the value of magnetic properties BaFe12O19 powder (matrix) obtained (Ms) magnetic saturation 54.03 emu/g, (Mr) magnet remanent 33.06 emu/g, (Hcj) coercivity 2943 Oe and (BHmax) product energy 190 kGOe and Zinc Oxide as filler values (Ms) magnet saturation 7.84 emu / g, (Mr) magnet remanent 1.27 emu/g, (Hcj) coercivity 152.4 Oe and (BHmax) energy products 10 kGOe. The results of XRD on 50% mass of composites ZnO additions using match software have two phases, namely the presence of ZnO and BaFe12O19 phases which indicate that heterogeneous structures with hexagonal crystal structures. Composite magnetic properties obtained by adding 50% mass of ZnO were (Mr) magnet 39.40 emu/ g, coercivity 2728 Oe, (BHmax) product energy 110 kGOe and for composites 75% mass addition ZnO remanent 39.36 emu/g with coefficient of 1365 Oe and ( BHmax) product energy was 60 kGOe.
Sobre el concepto de alfabetización transmedia en el ámbito educativo. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: González-Martínez Juan , Serrat-Sellabona Elisabet , Estebanell-Minguell Meritxell , Rostan-Sánchez Carles , Esteban-Guitart Moisès
Published: November 2018

En torno al movimiento mediático de la cultura participativa hay ya muchos enfoques educativos que empiezan a hablar de una alfabetización transmedia. Con una revisión sistemática de la literatura, concluimos que este concepto no se ha definido aún en el ámbito educativo, aunque existe consenso sobre algunos de sus componentes principales: transmedialidad, colaboración, prosumo y espíritu crítico.
PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMITMEN KARYAWAN PADA ATM REGIONAL CENTER BNI 46 CABANG BOGOR
Authors: Rifqie Rizman , Kusumah Fuji
Published: November 2018

Organizational Climate has a significant influence on attitude and behavior of members of the organizational for being able to provide stability and security for employees. With a good organizational climate means it can understand the things that happen in the environment of employees and find out how to overcome them.Environment organizations, environmental organizations both within and outside the organization environment will greatly affect the activities, norms, attitude, implementation of the role which can ultimately affect organizational commitment productivity and growthThe result of hypothesis testing are as follows: (1) Most of the employees at the ATM BNI Regional Center Bogor branch 46 when analyzed in carrying out their duties included in the category are committed in perfoming their duties, (2) statistical influence between employee commitment variables (Y) is indicated by the correlation coeficient (ry = 0.901), very meaningful (significant), positive affect. In a sense the higher the value of organizational climate variables then the higher the value of employee commitment (Y), or conversely, the lower the organizational climate, the lower value of employee commitment (3) Functional influence between organizational climate variables (X) with employee commitment variables (Y) is shown by a simple linear regression equation Y = 17.192 + 0.781 X, is mean and linear.  Simple linear regression equation states that any increase in a score of organizational climate variable (X) will affect the rise i employees commitment variables (Y) of 0.781 on the constants of 17.192. So it can be concluded that organizational climate is an important factor to employee commitment, and chie square test asymp. Sig reference value. (2-sided) of 0.056> 0.05, it can be concluded that the mutual commitment and employee status is not free
ANALISIS MODEL PRILAKU MBTI (MYERS BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR), MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR UNIT PERPUSTAKAAN BIOTEKNOLOGI - LIPI KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: . Tutang , Analita Yuni
Published: November 2018

Employees are the main wealth of a company, because without their participation, the company’s activities will not occur. Employees play an avtive role in establishing plans, systems, processes and objectives to be achieved. One factor to improve the performance of the employees are motivated in motivating managers to stimulate subordinates by giving a gift to those who excel in the achievement standards, with the motivation of this spirit of working staff will increase because people generally happy to accept that just fine.    Analytical results obtained by calculating R = 0.842. from the comparison of calculated R = 0.842 is greater than table Z = +0.4496 then H0 is rejected. Means there is a significant relationship between motivation and the MBTI work together on employee job satisfaction at the Office of Library Unit in Biotechnology - LIPI Kabupaten Bogor. Based on the analysis above, partially proven that (a) motivation to work and a significant positive effect job satisfaction with t count value of 6.217 and 0.000, or 0% probability of below 5%, so the motivation to work to support the everyday work of employees on Library Unit Office of Biotechnology - LIPI Kabupaten Bogor. (b) the condition of MBTI and no significant negative effect on job satisfaction with t count value = -0.514 and 0.614 0r 61.4% probability of above 5% so that the MBTI is not able to support the everyday work of employees in the Office of Library Unit in Biotechnology - LIPI Kabupaten Bogor.
Prevalence of Seed Borne Fungi Associated with Chickpea Seeds and Biological and Chemical Control of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt Disease
Authors: Hossain MD , Imran M , Bhuiyan KA , Habib ME , Ikrum M
Published: November 2018

A total of 20 chickpea seed samples were collected from BARI, Gazipurand different locations of Savar, Dhaka district. Blotter method was used for detection of the associated fungi of chickpea seeds. Altogether 14 fungi comprising 12 genera namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Botryti cinerea, Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phasaelina, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Stemphylium sarciniforme were isolated from chickpea seed samples. Among the fungi isolated fungi, F. oxysporumwas most prevalent with an average incidence of 18.95% and found in all the seed samples. The germination of seed samples varied from 55-90 % on blotter. The pathogenic fungi and other storage fungi like Aspergillus caused lower the germination of the seeds.A pathogenicity test was conducted with 20 isolates of F. oxysporum against their origin of chickpea seed samples in pot culture. The pathogenecity ranged from weak to highly pathogenic. The isolates FO 19, FO 17, FO 11 and FO 18 were highly virulent. The isolates FO 9, FO10 and FO 15 were virulent and rest of the isolates were moderately virulent. The isolates FO 2 and FO 3 were weak pathogen.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 45-54 2017
Forest Cover Change Analysis Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Madhupur Sal Forest of Bangladesh
Authors: Salam MA , Pramanik MAT
Published: November 2018

Deforestation, degradation, damages, transformation and over exploitation of forests are the common problem in different parts of the world. Timely monitoring and assessment of forest resources may help to address and identify the above mentioned problems and thus proper guidance may be given the forest resources manager for rational planning and management of forests. Apart from the conventional methods of forest monitoring, remote sensing with its unique capability of synoptic viewing, real time and repetitive nature offers a potential tool for monitoring and evaluation of forest resources and hence remote sensing technology has been successfully used in various studies like forest inventory, monitoring of forest cover changes and forest damage assessment. In the present research forest cover change analysis in ‘Madhupur Sal Forest’ located in central part of Bangladesh has been investigated using satellite remote sensing data and spatial analysis. Transformation of ‘Sal forest’ to other landuse has been studied using the Landsat MSS (Multi Spectral Scanner) data of 1973 and Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) data of 2015. Driving forces behind the transformation of ‘Sal forest’ has also been investigated through GPS (Global Positioning System) based ground verification and interview with the people living in the locality.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 73-78 2017
Soil Quality and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Agricultural Lands around Dyeing, Glass and Textile Industries in Tangail District of Bangladesh
Authors: Tusher TR , Piash AS , Latif MA , Kabir MH , Rana MM
Published: November 2018

The study was conducted to investigate the soil quality including heavy metal concentrations in agricultural lands around dyeing, glass and textile industries at Tangail district of Bangladesh. A total of nine samples, three samples from each industrial site, were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with an interval of 10 m from each point of the agricultural lands adjacent to selected industries for analyzing the soil chemical properties such as pH, OM, total N, available P and S including heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Cr) concentrations. The study found soil pH of 6.4 and 6.1 around textile and glass industry, respectively, while comparatively lower pH (4.4) was observed around dyeing industry. Comparatively higher levels of OM, total N, available P and S were found in soil around dyeing industry, whereas lower levels of OM and available S were observed around textile industry. The Cu, Pb and Cr were the dominant heavy metal around dyeing, glass and textile industry, respectivelyJ. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 109-116 2017
Development and Quality Evaluation of Canned Pineapple
Authors: Adnan SM , Bhattacharjee SC , Akter S , Chakraborty D , Ahmad M
Published: November 2018

The study was done to investigate the chemical constituents of a developed canned pineapple (Ananas comosus) product and to evaluate the microbiological quality of the product. A water bath canner and quart glass jars equipped with cap having top rubber were used for canning of pineapple (A. comosus). The thermal processing was done for the canning of pineapple. The raw fresh pineapple and canned pineapple were analyzed for their moisture content, ash, fat, crude fiber and protein contents. The moisture content, ash content, fat, crude fiber, protein content of fresh pineapple were 81.5%, 0.38%, 0.2%, 1.4% and 0.5%. The moisture content, ash content, fat, crude fiber and protein content of canned pineapple were 70%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 1.9% and 1.5% respectively. These Chemical constituents of the canned pineapple were almost similar with the raw fresh pineapple except the crude fiber and protein. The yeast and mould present in the product were also counted by using PDA (potato dextrose agar). The yeast and mould count for the product was within the consumer safety limit.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 183-187 2017