bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected personality characteristics of university students of management
Authors: Kajanová Alena , Ruso Michaela
Published: January 2021

Research background: Researching the topic of personality profiles of future managers is one of the international challenges. In a global world, it is ideal to find framework for ideally pursuing this profession. Existing studies indicate rather influences of gender or other socio-demographic factors rather than the study programs of university students.

Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to describe selected personality characteristics of university students in management in comparison with a group of students from other fields at the same university. The following characteristics were measured: a) personality profile based on the Big Five in the field of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to change, conscientiousness and friendliness, and then b) locus of control and c) coping strategies.

Methods: Quantitative research was carried out, where a battery of standardized tools was used as a research technique: the standardized NEO-FFI questionnaire describing the above personality traits, the SVF-78 questionnaire measuring coping strategies and the IPC scale questionnaire measuring internal and external locus of control. The questionnaires were administered to a total of 164 management students in České Budějovice (South Bohemian Region).

Findings & Value added: From the point of view of NEO-FFI, economists differ in the item conscientiousness (p = 0.005; F = 4.387), which in the case of this field also came out as the most significantly supported characteristic. On the contrary, the property neuroticism was the least represented in the target group. The locus of control of management students differs compared to other fields in the P dimension (p = 0.009; F = 3.868), so these students believe that their situation is managed by rather influential people. No relationship was recorded within coping strategies across disciplines, positive strategies prevail among students.
Electronic and informatization of the judiciary as a tool for innovation
Authors: Klátik Jaroslav , Orviský Martin
Published: January 2021

Research background: The computerization and computerization of the judiciary are important support tools with great potential in addressing key issues in the judiciary. The basic architecture of the modernization and informatization of justice consists of the Electronic Judicial File, Development of Electronic Judicial Services, Electronic monitoring of offenders and the Register of Bankruptcies projects. In terms of scope and financial volume, the most intensive electronicization of Slovak courts in their modern history is currently underway. At present, an electronic person monitoring system is also being successfully implemented in Slovakia, which represents a fundamental modernization of prisons, but also an increase in the safety of citizens against perpetrators of violent crimes, domestic violence or crime at public mass events.

Purpose of the article: The main goal of the paper is to analyze the problems in the electronic justice system with a focus on the issue of introducing electronic monitoring of offenders. The authors also analyzes whether a change in legislation that allowed the use of electronic monitoring in more serious crimes contributed to more frequent use of electronic monitoring, or this change did not bring the desired effect of greater use of electronic monitoring.

Methods: The authors use the method of analysis, synthesis, system-structural method and normative-legal method of interpretation of legal norms.

Findings & Value added: The main benefit of the research is to point out specific problems in connection with the electrification of the judiciary and the introduction of electronic monitoring and to propose solutions to these problems.
Packaging’s of the organic farming products in the context of circular economy
Authors: Kafel Piotr , Nowicki Paweł , Wojnarowska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Research background: Food production is more and more globalized concerning not only the suppliers of food ingredients and producers but also considering the packaging trends and solutions available on the market. In opposition to that trend the EU high quality food products schemes were implemented such as organic farming products or traditional and regional ones. That products are usually perceived as good for the environment which is not always case when the packaging of that products are considered. The other global trend described in the paper that is focusing the attention is circular economy idea that points to the takeover from a linear economy to a circular economy. This paper combine the specific product (organic food) and its packaging with the recommendations of circular economy.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study was the question, if the studied companies that are under the strict obligatory surveillance according to the organic food production rules meet the requirements of the sustainable production and circular economy requirements.

Methods: Food processing manufacturers operating on a polish market were surveyed in the area of circular economy aspects concerning the use of the product packaging to indicate the level of implementation and real interest in sustainable development and circular economy.

Findings & Value added: The main findings are related to the conclusion that organic farming producers with no implemented voluntary management system standards do not implement circular economy requirements.
Micro Family Businesses in the Czech Republic from the Perspective of Multiple Criteria Decision-Making
Authors: Meier Vojtěch
Published: January 2021

Research background: Family businesses are undoubtedly important in both the Czech and international economy. They also play a crucial part in globalization. They have always been providing the largest job source in the private sector all over the world. However, over all these years, there has not been a unified definition of family business, which makes the government hard to distinguish between family and non – family business. Thus, this complicated the administrative and legal process. Finally, in 2019, the definition of the family business in the Czech Republic has been specified, which has facilitated many administrative and legal processes. Simultaneously, the management of Czech family businesses is currently facing the first “post-revolutionary” transition of generations. Many family businesses are deciding whether to maintain or to change the type of business entities.

Purpose of the article: This article aims to determine the most advantageous legal form of business for micro family businesses.

Methods: This article uses the Saaty pair comparison method and TOPSIS method. In addition to the methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison, the selected methods of multiple criteria decision making are used in the article.

Findings & Value added: The results of the decision analysis revealed that, based on the criteria considered (legal, accounting, tax and managerial), the most optimal legal form of the family business is self-employed. Apart from the results, the research adds value to this topic for the Czech business environment, in which future scholars can compare between the Czech Republic and the other countries.
A priori aggregation multicriteria optimization of family business vitality through Likert scaling with price evaluation
Authors: Orlovova Lucia , Pospisil Lukas
Published: January 2021

Research background: In this work, we are dealing with the problem of the optimal decision for increasing the vitality of family business. This type of business is the global topic since the companies owned by the family members with the equity capital shared with family are widespread all around the world and belongs to the one of the most popular types. The field of family businesses is characterized by specific properties and therefore, we suggest the measure of the vitality based on Likert scaling. The variants of the possible improvement are weighted by the required time and money.

Purpose of the article: By solving the presented corresponding optimization problem, we manage to obtain optimal investment to the improvement of vitality measured by Likert scaling. The proposed methodology aims to avoid the influence of emotional aspect of decision making and rather find the optimality based on financial and time costs.

Methods: In our contribution, we propose and compare two different formulations: the problem with constrained budget and the multicriteria formulation of the problem of the vitality maximization with costs minimization using the aggregation with a priori known coefficients. The corresponding integer linear programming problem with linear constraints is solved in Microsoft Excel.

Findings & Value added: We examine, compare, and discuss the proposed methodologies on the selected practical benchmark.
Variation of market power across different food supply chains
Authors: Dereva Mykola , Rajčániová Miroslava
Published: January 2021

Research background: The analysis of the competitiveness between producers, processors and retailers in food supply chains has always been drawing a high level of attention. It has become even more topical issue for researchers and policymakers after the global food crisis in 2008.

Purpose of the article: The goal of this paper is to analyse empirical studies of market power and to investigate if some supply chains are systematically more prone to excessive market power than others.

Methods: For this study, we have collected a wide range of recent studies investigating the processors’ market power index in the food supply chains. In total, in our analysis, we used 472 unique market power index estimates and employed various linear regression models to investigate their determinants.

Findings & Value added: Our findings suggest that, on average, the reported degree of market power in the USA is almost twice as high as in other countries. At the same time, market power estimates related to the meat, dairy and horticulture industries are systematically higher than the ones related to other supply chains. Finally, we observed that, on average, supply chains related to highly perishable products tend to have lower market power estimates associated with them, than other supply chains. Our results have important implications for future investigation of the structural source of market power and unfair trade practices.
A study of social policies based on the example of the Bulgarian hotels on the Black Sea coast
Authors: Ventsislavova Georgieva Daniela , Marinova Georgieva Teodora
Published: January 2021

Research background: The implications of globalisation for social policy have been highly debated at the specialised literature. Social policies as an element of corporate responsibility reports (CSR) is neglected compared to environmental information. This can have a negative effect on the sustainability and development of industries directly dependent on their staff. Such sector in Bulgaria is the tourism where at the national level, the main challenge is the adequate parallel development of human resources as they underlie tourist product construction and development.

Purpose of the article: The main aim of the study is to analyse factors that impact on the disclosed staff-related social policies at the financial statements of hotel enterprises in the territory of Varna and Burgas Black Sea regions in Bulgaria. The factors under analyses are the size of the organisation, available external audit control, available foreign participation in the capital, applicable accounting standards, accounted result (profit or loss); enterprise category.

Methods: The adopted research methods are logical, deductive and comparative methods, methods of analysis and synthesis. To verify the author hypotheses the IBM – SPSS Statistics software is used.

Findings & Value added: The results of the study show that comparatively high percentage of the enterprises do not publish staff- related information. This could lead to harmful effects to globalisation based on asymmetry in the data, problems with recruitment of qualified staff, unjustified economic decisions by data users. From all factors, under review, the strongest calculated statistic relationship is between the external audit control and staff-related disclosures.
CRM to Support International Relationships in a Global Society
Authors: Janakova Milena
Published: January 2021

Research background: Competitive pressure and high customer expectations lead to the use of new innovations for communication with customers. In many cases, this communication is based on CRM systems. CRM systems have great capabilities, but the current problem is evident in the difficulty of choosing the optimal CRM for small businesses due to doubts about unexpected needs (such as human sources, necessary hardware and software, finances and time).

Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to support optimal customer contact through better CRM (Customer Relationship Management) implementation in a global society. The purpose of this article is to determine the necessary metrics (not just tough financial issues) to know the preferences for CRM with their weights. This information shows the possibilities of choosing the optimal CRM systems for business support to be improved in terms of automation and social media integration.

Methods: The method solution is based on a review of the literature, specification of suitable metrics such as automation, cloud, free access, mobile access, segmentation, social media integration, and templates. The following data collection is the basis for a discussion on the possibilities of CRM implementation.

Findings & Value added: The findings are based on the results of multidimensional decision making, which uses a comparison of selected criteria (such as the Fuller’s triangle). The value added is visible in the recommendation on how to choose a CRM system for small business to share the necessary information between marketers and customers through social networks to build a brand.
Impacts of Globalization and Conflicts on Business Performance and Possibilities of Its Solution
Authors: Seemann Peter , Stofkova Zuzana
Published: January 2021

Research background:The concept of globalization is interpreted by various authors in terms of its importance or content. Globalization refers to the process of gradually erasing the borders of nation-states, and economic globalization is the culmination of this process. The proof is the interconnectedness of economies around the world, where each economy reacts sensitively to fluctuations and changes in other economies.

Purpose of the article:The paper deals with the examination of conflicts in the work environment of selected companies and the subsequent formulation of suggestions and recommendations for improvement.

Methods:Nowadays, conflicts in industrial relations and failure to manage conflict situations are one of the biggest problems in companies. A quantitative questionnaire survey was used to find out the current situation in companies in terms of conflicts, specific causes of conflicts, the impact of conflicts on work performance, how employees resolve work conflicts, and their awareness of alternative conflict resolution, with whom employees most often come into conflict. The questionnaire was anonymous; therefore, the specific company names are not given. The numbers of 190 selected companies were contacted, and 93 of them were replied to the questionnaire, which forms a survey sample.

Findings & Value added:The conclusion contains recommendations for individual respondent’s businesses to successfully resolve and prevent conflicts in the workplace, and thus strive to build a peaceful working atmosphere without extra costs incurred ineffective conflict resolution. Furthermore, there is an evaluation of the economic aspect and demonstration of the benefits of acquiring and using the skills of alternative conflict resolution in the form of elimination of losses.
The impact of lending availability and conditions for SMEs on the global development of venture financing systems
Authors: Balashova Svetlana , Mikhaylov Ivan , Lazyrin Mikhail
Published: January 2021

Research background: The current situation, which caused global economy recession, has shown that all participants of the venture capital market are not ready for such occasions. Small and medium-sized businesses found themselves in a in a pickle that completely limited the ability to conduct business in most sectors of the economy and venture investors had to urgently reassess their capabilities and their requirements for investment objects. Different events have been constantly influencing the venture financing system to change and develop during decades of its existence. The most important changes are happening today in new world order dictated by COVID-19.

Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of venture financing, find out how VC is related to the ICT development in European countries, compare VC to other lending mechanisms for SMEs and assume how the global venture industry may be changed by global isolation.

Methods: The ARDL model for panel data is used to assess the impact of ICT developments on VC. Comparative and statistical analysis of available datasets on financing mechanisms is conducted.

Findings & Value Added: The results show that the increase in value-added in the ICT sector is driving the growth of venture capital in leading countries in terms of innovation activity. Venture capital will be forced to transform towards globalization and centralization, but with the delegation of authority to local representatives, through new communication forms. Countries with high ICT development may be more attractive for venture financing.
The Importance of Non-Profit Organization in Globalized World: International Comparison of American and European Continent
Authors: Bartosova Viera , Podhorska Ivana
Published: January 2021

Research background:In developed countries, we see a significant increase in the importance of non-profit organizations thank to public initiative. The primary objective is to improve the quality of life in society. Cooperation between private, public and non-profit sectors creates synergy effects. The primary problems of non-profit organizations include legislation that does not sufficiently motivate entrepreneurs to support non-profit subjects, but also a shortage of employees and volunteer.

Purpose of the article:Despite the fact that, under the conditions of globalization, there is a greater interconnection of the economies of individual countries, also in the area of non-profit sector, there is still exist important differences between the operation and importance of non-profit organization in an American and European continent.

Methods:Firstly, theoretical part of the paper provides historical development of non-profit sector based on primary theoretical approaches. Secondly, practical part of the paper describes non-profit sector on American and European continent. In other words, the paper summarises theoretical and empirical knowledge on importance of non-profit sector in various countries around all the world. Paper main aim is the highlighted the importance of non-profit sector under the conditions of globalization with the emphasis on the international comparison of American and European point of view.

Findings & Value added:The results show that non-profit sector plays significant role in building national economies. This paper is the one part of the project outputs focused on non-profit sector. In developed countries, we see a significant increase in the importance of non-profit organizations thank to public initiative.
The impact of foreign markets globalization on the price and functionality of electronic access control systems
Authors: Boroš Martin , Lenko Filip , Velas Andrej
Published: January 2021

Research background: The research, which is the subject of the paper, is based on the global expansion of the use of electronic access control systems using biometric data for user verification. Due to the globalization of products from foreign markets to Slovakia, there is a competition between suppliers. The disadvantage is that organizations that are considering procuring an electronic access control system focus their attention only on its price. Globalization and global use have neglected the skills gap between European, American, and Asian markets.

Purpose of the article: The paper will aim to point out, through a case study, the financial and functional differences of electronic access control systems. In the case study, a comparison of three different systems with the possibility of procurement on the European, American, and Asian markets will be performed on the building - administrative building.

Methods: The article will mainly use methods such as the global method and the optimization model of the financial plan. As well as a case study, the cooperation of achieved results and analysis of possibilities of foreign markets.

Findings & Value added: The results achieved by the paper will be globally usable in the conditions of European countries. These will be the conclusions of a case study that will point to the appropriateness of choosing an electronic access control system using biometric features in a standard office building. We can also consider the creation of a project budget usable for organizations as one of the added values.
Current problems of juvenile labour protection in the conditions of globalization
Authors: Ceniga Pavel , Sukalova Viera
Published: January 2021

Research background: Over the past years, employment and conditions of work have changed considerably; labour market is more flexible what enables enterprises to react faster to changing market requirements. Labour rules make it easier to hire and fire workers. A special category of employees includes juveniles who are covered by increased legal protection; a juvenile employee is an employee under 18 years of age. Work is an important part of every person. Many adolescents want to raise funds to provide for the basic necessities of life, but also to meet the needs of self-realization, socialization and creativity. Young people are regulated by many laws that contain prohibitions and obligations; employers are obliged to create favourable conditions for the all-round development of the physical and mental abilities of juvenile workers also by special adjustment of their working conditions.

Purpose of the article: The article is focused on the analysis of current possibilities and specific conditions of employment of juveniles, identification of problems in the field of employment protection of juveniles in their employment as well as in the performance of work in dual education and proposal of systemic measures for practice.

Methods: The method of analysis, synthesis, deduction, interview and questionnaires were used in the research.

Findings & Value added: The ever-increasing demands on businesses in a globalized world require a more skilled workforce that is able to contribute to and adapt to technological change with new models of work organization. In connection with this, it is necessary to pay attention to the employment of juveniles, their specific conditions at work and in training for future occupations and elimination of risks.
Labor Economics and Career Development in the Context of Globalized World
Authors: Dvorakova Zuzana
Published: January 2021

Research background: The paper uses labor economics and career theory to design an integrative approach to career research focusing on new occupations and career development.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to call for an integrative approach to career research aiming to characterize labor market trends and discuss perspectives on careers using highly skilled migrants from Central and Eastern Europe as a case. The paper discusses the specificity of career development in the context of the Industry 4.0. and an integrative approach vs. other approaches.

Methods: The methodology insists on several ways that enable a triangular analysis. The research combines in-depth-analysis of bibliographic data in the Web of Science database, unstructured interviews with top managers/co-owners of multinational companies in August and September 2020 as a base for writing two narrative cases.

Findings & Value added: Findings show the tendency of career theory to provide a narrow view of a career. They highlight the trends in considering the wide variety of career situations, which results from the fact that careers locate in time and space. The paper provides examples to explore career differences better and seek for alternative explanations to career experiences. Because career dynamics are influenced by individual characteristics and career development practices, a more integrative approach to career research must address the complexity of labor markets. The added value is to encourage discussions about career theory focusing on a wide range of issues.
Inflation and Redistribution Processes in the Modern World
Authors: Kotcofana Tatiana , Bazzhina Viktoria , Altunyan Armen
Published: January 2021

Research background: Inflation and redistributive processes are the main permanent threats to economic stability in the modern world and these processes are closely interconnected. Inflation is a powerful tool for redistributing national income, both consciously used by economic entities and generated within the economic system.

Purpose of the article: To demonstrate the variety of mechanisms that connects inflation and redistributive processes in the modern economy.

Methods: The dialectical-materialistic and concrete-historical method forms the methodological basis of research. The empirical basis of analysis is formed by statistical materials and specific economic and statistical studies.

Findings & Value added: Monopoly power in all its manifestations is the first and key mechanism for redistributing social income through inflation processes. The dollar’s monopoly position in international settlements has long been one of the factors of global inflation processes and redistribution of the global public product in favor of the United States in the global economy. The highest degree of monopolization of Russian market is the main generator of Russian inflation and the reason of the disproportionate development of Russian economy. The state has the largest number of redistributive levers and quite often acts as a voluntary or involuntary initiator of inflation and redistribution processes. Inflationary expectations make a significant contribution to the formation of inflationary potential in the face of low confidence in the authorities, lack of information, political monopolism, and economic instability. This is manifested in advance overpricing for traded goods and services, interest rates, etc., which, in turn, may strengthen redistribution processes, especially in the context of monopolistic pricing.
Evaluation of Gambling Sector Activity in Lithuania, Latvia, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic
Authors: Macerinskiene Irena , Lace Natalja , Geneliene Greta
Published: January 2021

Research background: Gambling is a specific activity that has an undoubtful impact on the national economies, however the evaluation of this sector still has been analysed very little by economists. This article comparatively analyses the peculiarities of the gambling sector activity in Lithuania, Latvia, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic in the period from 2015 to 2020.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to evaluate the activity of the gambling sector in Lithuania, Latvia, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic.

Methods: The following methods are used in the article: comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and legal acts, analysis of graphical and statistical data.

Findings & Value added: An analysis of scientific literature and legal acts revealed that definition of gambling is defined differently and in some countries certain types of gambling are not even considered as gambling or does not exist. The evaluation revealed that during 2015-2019 the highest AAGR of the gambling sector’s GGR was in Latvia (11.09%) and in 2019 Latvia also had the highest GGR per inhabitant 199 Eur. On the contrary, during 2017-2019 in the Czech Republic AAGR of the gambling sector’s GGR was -5.63% and in 2019 GGR per inhabitant (39.51 Eur) was the lowest. According to the mentioned statistical data, total GGR and the population size, Latvia has one of the largest gambling sector in the evaluated countries, so gambling sector in other countries still has great potential to growth. Although because of COVID-19 Latvia experienced huge losses of GGR, Slovak Republic online gambling sector showed a great potential to grow and it can be assumed that in Lithuania online gambling sector didn’t took over all of the potential revenue from land-based gambling sector.
Modern Trends in the Development of the Regional Economic Management System in the Context of Digital Globalization
Authors: Prikhodchenko Olga , Panskov Vladimir , Afanasyeva Lubov
Published: January 2021

Research background: In modern conditions of the digital transformation of the economy, digital data are key factors in the development of the socio-economic sphere. Inevitably, the digitalization process is accompanied by the development and transformation of human resources, the formation of a knowledge economy, which leads to serious changes in social relations, the economic sphere and the labor market both at the state level and at the level of regional systems.

The scientific interest in the research topic is due to the fact that effective strategic management of the region, the possibilities of its socio-economic development are largely determined by the development of the digital economy at the regional level.

Purpose of the article: development of a model of digital transformation at the regional level, which will improve the quality of strategic management based on the results.

Methods: a method of theoretical analysis of the sources of the studied problem, an illustrative-graphic method, general scientific methods of cognition (synthesis, generalization).

Findings & Value added: Currently, digital transformation penetrates into all areas, including socio-economic, financial, public administration. Therefore, the mechanism of strategic management of the region should be based on digitalization technologies.

In this article, the author reviews foreign and domestic studies on the introduction of modern digital technologies in public administration.

The article discusses the existing digital platforms designed to improve the efficiency of the processes of program-targeted and design-targeted management of budgetary resources.

Effective strategic management of the development of the region in modern conditions is possible taking into account the processes of digital transformation. Based on the study, the author constructed a model of digital transformation at the regional level, characterized its main elements.
Globalization and its impact on employee motivation
Authors: Stalmachova Katarina , Strenitzerova Mariana
Published: January 2021

Research background: The globalization affects the labour requirements. Therefore, it is important to distinguish, for example, the composition of the workforce in terms of age. The ageing population is a global problem and labour shortages in the labour market force employers to address the diversity of the age structure of their current as well as potential employees.

Purpose of the article: The goal of the article is to compare the importance of motivational factors of different age groups of employees. The conclusion of the article also compares the significance of factors in terms of the age structure of employees.

Methods: In the article, the method of analysis of available resources was used. Then the method of synthesis was used in finding out the connection between the resources. The sample of employees is divided into groups according to age categories. By using factor analysis, the factors affecting them are identified for each age group of employees. Primary research, as a basis for factor analysis, was carried out using a questionnaire.

Findings & Value added: Motivation is one of the key elements of human resource management. It can contribute to increasing employee performance and satisfaction. It is essential to the effective functioning of each organization and achievement of strategic goals. By knowing the preferences and values of employees, the article can bring recommendations for improving the current motivation systems in organizations. This can contribute to the efficient use of employers´ money they spend on employee benefits.
The Effects of FDI on Domestic Investments in Western Balkans
Authors: Sucubasi Bilal , Trenovski Borce , Imeri Berkan , Merdzan Gunter
Published: January 2021

Research background: In order to contribute to economic growth, inward foreign direct investments (FDI) need to meet certain economic and social criteria. Besides the contribution to the level of education, technological level, financial development, tax system, trade and investment policies, and market size, FDI should also encourage domestic investments (crowding in-effect).

Purpose of the article: This paper examines the importance and effects of the inward and outward direct investments, gross savings as well as real growth on domestic investments in the case of Western Balkan countries (North Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Bosnia & Herzegovina). Thus, the logic behind this research is to determine whether and in which direction are aimed effects of FDI.

Methods: The relation between FDI and domestic investments has been analyzed by employing panel data approach with and without constrains on cross-sections. The study is based on a panel data of six countries for the period between 2007-2018, (i.e., in total, we have 66 observations).

Findings & Value added: The general conclusion from this analysis confirm that inward foreign direct investments in the Western Balkans, as well as real economic growth both significantly and positively affect the domestic investments.
GDP Development of China and USA in terms of mutual sanctions and COVID-19
Authors: Šuleř Petr , Vrbka Jaromír
Published: January 2021

Research background: China’s share in the global economy has experienced a swift growth since opening up and reforming the country’s foreign policy in 1978. USA sanction on China has so far concentrated on a heap of issues including China’s enormous exchange shortfall with the U.S., currency control, constrained market access, licensed innovation robbery and security issues identified with Huawei. Also, USA sanction on China has so far lead to a decrease in exports and outflow of FDI, reduce in the inflow trade and investment, and apparently hinders the Chinese GPD growth and diminished its currency exchange rate.

Purpose of the article: The aim is to predict the future development of the GDP of the China and the USA and to estimate their further development through the prism of mutual trade sanctions and COVID-19.

Methods: The data collection demonstrates the course of a time series of a daily RMB exchange rate development from the beginning of 1992 to June 2020. Furthermore, it represents the time series of a quarterly development of the Chinese GDP for the same time period. Using neural networks, a regression for different variants of the time series delay in connection with the analysis of the USA sanctions is conducted.

Findings & Value added: The GDP of both countries has developed over the last two years, as if sanctions had not been imposed. However, the situation is changing with COVID-19. In this case, it is clear that the impact will be more significant. US GDP will stagnate. PRC GDP will fall.
Environmental and economic indicators of sustainable development of enterprises of oil and gas complexes
Authors: Huseynov Arif
Published: January 2021

Research background: An indicator system is proposed to determine the nature of environmental and economic sustainability in the oil and gas industry.

Purpose of the article: The main purpose here is based on the experience of developed countries and the safety practices of enterprises, which are widely used in the world as well as in terms of environmental efficiency. This indicator is used to identify the impact of the oil and gas industry on the environment and environmental-economic and social indices.

Methods: Based on various experiences and indices, development and application of indicators is of great importance in terms of development strategies for enterprise formation, elimination of prerequisite in the change of environmental factors, social responsibility and environmental safety. These indicators can be used to establish the environmental rate of the enterprise. Important features of these indicators are their universality, their use in any fuel and energy complex.

Findings & Value added: Its activity specificity (environmental and economic) is to evaluate the cost of damage. One of its distinctive features is to carry out accounting of the interaction between all environmental and economic character of the enterprise. This experience is already used in the Russian gas industry. Thus, this system demonstrates its applicability in environmental management and optimization of enterprise operation. In Russia, development of significant environmental management of the country in terms of environmental and economic financing, assessment of environmental impact is carried out in accordance with ISA 14000 standards.
Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction in Conditions of Slovak Republic
Authors: Rebetak Filip , Bartosova Viera
Published: January 2021

Research background:Prediction of bankruptcy has an important place in financial analysis of an organization in the globalized economy. Ever since the first publication of a paper on bankruptcy prediction in 1932, the field of bankruptcy prediction was attracting researchers and scholars internationally. Over the years, there have been a great many models conceived in many different countries, such as Altman’s Z score or Ohlson’s model for use for managers and investors to assess the financial position of a company. Globalization in last few decades has made it even more important for all stakeholders involved to know the financial shape of the company and predict the possibility of bankruptcy.

Purpose of the article:We aim in this article to examine the financial distress and bankruptcy prediction models used or developed for Slovakia to provide an overview of possibilities adjusted to specific conditions of the Slovak Republic in context of globalization. We will also look at the possibility of use of these prediction models for assessing financial status of non-profit organizations in the Slovak Republic.

Methods:We will use analysis and synthesis of current research and theoretical background to compare existing models and their use.

Findings & Value added:We hope to contribute with this paper to the theoretical knowledge in this field by summarizing and comparing existing models used.
Structural Change for Sustainable Development in Economy: A Literature Review
Authors: Sipilova Viktorija
Published: January 2021

Research background: Climate change stimulates unfavorable global socio-economic consequences, which question economic structures, require sustainable development. Reaching sustainable development in economy relates to structural change. However, scientists rarely focus on structural change and sustainable development in the pure economic subject area.

Purpose of the article: The article aims to summarize and classify the knowledge about contribution and potential of structural change for sustainable development in economy using research experience. The author considers the articles published exactly in the economic subject area, in which scientists terminologically focus on structural change and sustainable development.

Methods: The search parameter - keywords and limitation - subject area determine the selection of suitable material for the research purpose. The author applies monographic method, logical analysis method, scientific induction method for the analysis of the selected material.

Findings & Value added: The articles selected according to the limitations demonstrate that manufacturing is the most commonly analyzed sector followed by energy sector, tourism and decomposition of economy depending on sectoral efficiency. According to the material analyzed in the economic subject area, the contribution of structural change to sustainable development is considered in case studies with focus on decomposition of sectoral structure of local economies. Potential of structural change to sustainable development is considered in general terms and relates to energy efficiency, introduction of new technologies, and involvement of all stakeholders. Thus, it is possible to highlight the factors necessary for structural change, which work towards sustainable development in economy – attitude, efficiency, new technologies and wide range of participants.
The Machine Prediction of the Mutual Trade between the PRC and the Czech Republic in the Global Extraordinary Situation
Authors: Horak Jakub , Kucera Jiri
Published: January 2021

Research background: International trade is a substantial constituent of the global and regional economic development. The analysis of mutual trade serves as a tool for a monetary expression of economic transactions between a particular country and its foreign partners for a specific period. For the Czech Republic (CR), the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the biggest exporter and the second biggest importer. The USA, however, imposes a number of economic sanctions against the PRC that do not have any significant impact on the trade between both countries and the overall growth of the Chinese economy, yet they affect the behavior of consumers and producers both in the USA and in the PRC.

Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to use machine learning for predicting the future values of the mutual trade between the CR and the PRC for one calendar year (i.e. 12 months).

Methods: Monthly data of these two states´ import and export are used to predict bilateral trade flow. The time series begins in January 2005 and ends in April 2020. Thus, the time series contains 184 data lines. Artificial intelligence - artificial neural networks - is used to predict bilateral trade flow between the PRC and the CR. The development of trade is then compared with the mutual sanctions of the PRC and the USA.

Findings & Value added: This is expected that the mutual trade balance to be negative from the perspective of the CR. COVID-19 or the sanctions imposed in the international trade will not significantly affect the development of the mutual trade between the CR and the PRC.
The USA, Russia and China as a Center of Influence in Global Economy
Authors: Minakova Irina , Bukreeva Tatyana , Solodukhina Olga , Golovin Artyom
Published: January 2021

Research background. Due to the significant role that the United States, Russia and China play in the world political and economic processes, US-Russia-China relations can be recognized as the most important interstate relations in the world, setting the direction for the transformation of the international system. Nowadays, the study of these trilateral relations is a relevant scientific task. The authors, on a systematic basis, have investigated the aspects of interaction between the USA, Russia and China in the modern economy, which opened the way for solving the key issues of international relations. The authors have published several papers on this issue in Russia and abroad, including publications in Scopus and Web of Science indexed journals.

Purpose of the article is to analyse the US-Russia-China relations and to determine the directions of their development in the context of globalization of the world economy.

Methods. To analyse the interests, a systematic method was used that allows considering the interests of the United States, China and Russia as an holistic, complex mechanism with elements constantly interacting with each other.

Findings & Value added. Despite geographical, linguistic, religious, and other distinctions, the United States, China, and Russia have a lot in common. There were historical periods of active and positive cooperation between these three major superpowers. In our opinion, in spite of the current contradictions between the parties, Russia, China and the United States have a mutual concern in harmonizing trilateral interests. However, the existed contradictions are not insoluble.
On a limitation of Zeeman polarimetry and imperfect instrumentation in representing solar magnetic fields with weaker polarization signal
Authors: Pevtsov A.A. , Liu Y. , Virtanen I. , Bertello L. , Mursula K. , Leka K.D. , Hughes A.L.H.
Published: January 2021

Full disk vector magnetic fields are used widely for developing better understanding of large-scale structure, morphology, and patterns of the solar magnetic field. The data are also important for modeling various solar phenomena. However, observations of vector magnetic fields have one important limitation that may affect the determination of the true magnetic field orientation. This limitation stems from our ability to interpret the differing character of the Zeeman polarization signals which arise from the photospheric line-of-sight vs. the transverse components of the solar vector magnetic field, and is likely exacerbated by unresolved structure (non-unity fill fraction) as well as the disambiguation of the 180° degeneracy in the transverse-field azimuth. Here we provide a description of this phenomenon, and discuss issues, which require additional investigation.
Faktorielle und konvergente Validität der Skala zur Erfassung der Impulsivität und emotionalen Dysregulation (IES-27) bei Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Dreyße Kathrin , Zöllner Elena , Behrens Carolin , Armbrust Michael , Kröger Christoph
Published: January 2021

Zwar besteht Übereinstimmung darüber, dass die gestörte Emotionsregulation ein zentrales Merkmal der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) ist, doch gibt es anhaltend weiterhin konkurrierende Ansichten zur dimensionalen Struktur der Störung. Die „Skala zur Erfassung der Impulsivität und emotionalen Dysregulation“ (IES-27) wurde bisher erfolgreich bei PatientInnen mit BPS eingesetzt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war Hinweise auf die zugrundeliegende dimensionale Struktur mithilfe konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen zu gewinnen. Eine heterogene Stichprobe von PatientInnen mit BPS (n=484), Aufmerksamkeits-Defizits-(Hyperaktivitäts-)Störung (n=191) und Essstörungen (n=197) einer psychosomatischen Klinik erhielt mittels computergestützter Testung verschiedene Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente. Es zeigte sich wie vermutet ein Bi-Faktor-Modell mit einem generellen Faktor und den 3 spezifischen Faktoren „Emotionale Dysregulation“, „Beziehungsschwierigkeiten“ und „Suizidales und selbstverletzendes Verhalten“ überlegen (ΔCFI=0,032). Die interne Konsistenz der Gesamtstichprobe nahm Werte zwischen ω=0,83−0,93 an. Es zeigten sich erwartungsgemäße Zusammenhänge zu konstruktnahen Subskalen. Die psychometrischen Gütekriterien der IES-27 konnten damit bestätigt werden. Die Bildung von Subskalen erlaubt eine differenzierte Darstellung und damit eine spezifischere Behandlungsplanung.