bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floquet Modification of the Bandgaps and Energy Spectrum in Flat-Band Pseudospin-1 Dirac Materials
Authors: Iurov Andrii , Mattis Michael , Zhemchuzhna Liubov , Gumbs Godfrey , Huang Danhong
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we investigate the so-called electronic dressed states, a unified quasiparticle resulting from the interaction between electrons in a two-dimensional material with an off-resonance optical dressing field. If the frequency of this field is much larger than all characteristic energies in the system, such as the Fermi energy or bandgap(s), the electronic band structure is affected by radiation so that some important properties of the electron dispersions could be modified in a way desirable for practical applications. For example, circularly polarized light can be used to vary the bandgap of Dirac materials: it opens a gap in graphene and other metallic and semimetallic lattices, or it modifies the magnitude of an existing gap. This will either enhance or reduce a gap, depending on its initial value as well as properties of a host material. Here, we consider gapped dice and Lieb lattices as samples, and we put forward a full theoretical model to reveal how these electronic states are deformed by elliptically-polarized irradiation with a focus on the generation and modification of a bandgap.
The Effects of a Natural Citrus Phenolic Extract on the Quality Attributes and Oxidative Stability of Pariza-Type Meat Emulsion Product
Authors: Michalea-Dimoulea Nikoleta-Andriana , Karageorgou Agori , Goliomytis Michael , Tzoutzou Milia , Ilias-Dimopoulos Vaggelis , Simitzis Panagiotis
Published: July 2024

Several synthetic food additives that bear an E-number are used by the meat industry as antioxidants/preservatives of cured meat products, such as pariza-type meat emulsion products. However, these agents have been associated with health problems, namely cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and potential carcinogenic effects. As a result, natural alternatives are constantly under evaluation with the intention of replacing/minimizing their applications in the meat industry. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effects of a natural citrus phenolic complex extract on the quality characteristics of pariza-type meat emulsion products. The following three batches of pariza were produced based on the same raw material and recipe: a control group without natural antioxidants and two groups with the addition of the polyphenol complex at the levels of 500 and 1000 ppm. The pH, color, tenderness, and oxidative stability of the meat products were assessed immediately after pariza manufacture (day 0), and 30 and 72 days after the start of its refrigerated storage. As indicated, the oxidative stability of pariza was improved as a result of the natural polyphenol complex addition, since the values of malondialdehyde (MDA), an index of lipid peroxidation, were linearly decreased. Parameters such as pH, lightness (L), and yellowness (b*) were linearly increased, while redness (a*) was linearly decreased, and tenderness was not significantly influenced in the treatment groups compared to the control group. It can be concluded that the natural polyphenol complex under examination can be utilized for the improvement of oxidative stability in pariza.
Aromatic Amines in Organic Synthesis Part III; p-Aminocinnamic Acids and Their Methyl Esters
Authors: Pietrzak Marek , Jędrzejewska Beata
Published: July 2024

Fifteen amine derivatives of cinnamic acid were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding benzaldehydes and malonic acid. The selected acids were then converted into methyl esters. Three esterification methods were tested with (1) thionyl chloride in methanol, (2) sulfuric acid in methanol, and (3) dimethyl sulfate in acetone. The latter method turned out to be the best, both in terms of reaction efficiency and product purity. The chemical structure and purity of all the synthesized compounds were verified by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The cinnamic acids and their esters, thanks to an extensive system of conjugated double bonds compared to analogous benzoic acids, can be used to obtain dyes for various applications, including non-linear optics and optoelectronics. Therefore, their basic spectroscopic properties are presented as well.
Assessment of the Dust in Underground Coal Mine
Authors: Sventeková Eva , Prievozník Pavol , Mlčoch Juraj , Vandlíčková Miroslava
Published: July 2024

This paper considers extreme dusty conditions at workplaces in underground coal mine. These extreme conditions stem from various physical factors that affect employees’ performance. The extreme effect of the dust can significantly contribute to permanent health damage or even the death of employees. In this study, we present and discuss the results of measurements of airborne dust and respiratory dust taken during wall cutting in a coal mine and propose effective measures to reduce the burden on the life and health of employees and the environment.
Mural as a Living Element of Urban Space: Seasonal Dynamics and Social Perception of “The Four Seasons with Kora” in Warsaw
Authors: Cywiński Aleksander , Karyń Anita
Published: July 2024

Street art, with a particular emphasis on murals, plays a crucial role in shaping the cultural DNA of contemporary cities. A prime example of this is the mural “Four Seasons with Kora” in Warsaw, which is dedicated to the renowned Polish artist Kora (Olga Jackowska). This large-scale mural, which combines the artist’s portrait with a chestnut tree motif, visually changes with the season, influencing the artist’s social perception. This study analyzed murals’ functions in social, cultural, and ecological contexts, highlighting their role in informal education and as a platform for social dialogue and integration. Using research methods such as visual analysis and examining comments and reactions on social media, this work aimed to understand how a mural integrates with its surroundings and is perceived throughout different seasons. The results indicated that the mural has become an important element of public space, not only for beautifying the city but also for stimulating social and cultural reflection.
Characteristics of Atmospheric Rivers and the Impact of Urban Roof Roughness on Precipitation during the “23.7” Extreme Rainstorm against the Background of Climate Warming
Authors: Xu Yiguo , Fan Junhong , Zhang Jun , Tian Liqing , Zhang Hui , Cui Tingru , Wang Yating , Wang Rui
Published: July 2024

In July 2023, Baoding in Hebei Province experienced unprecedented torrential rainfall, breaking historical records and causing severe flooding. However, our understanding of the multi-scale circulation systems and physical mechanisms driving this extreme precipitation event remains incomplete. This study utilizes multi-source observational data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model to conduct a weather diagnosis and numerical simulation of this extreme rainfall event, focusing on the impact of atmospheric rivers (ARS) and urban rooftop roughness on the precipitation process against the background of climate warming. The study found that this extremely heavy rainstorm occurred in the circulation background formed by the factors of subtropical high ectopics, typhoon residual vortex retention, double typhoon water-vapor transmission, and stable high-level divergence. The ARS provided abundant moisture, with its vapor pathway significantly altered following the landfall of Typhoon Doksuri. The interaction between the ARS and the Taihang Mountains was crucial in triggering and intensifying the rainstorm in the foothills. Urbanization significantly affected the distribution of precipitation, with moderate urban roughness enhancing rainfall in and around the city, whereas excessive roughness suppressed it. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind extreme precipitation under climate change and provide a scientific basis for improving the forecasting and mitigation of such events.
Calculations of Positron Scattering from Boron, BH, BF, BF2, and BF3
Authors: Mori Nicolas A. , Umer Haadi , Scarlett Liam H. , Bray Igor , Fursa Dmitry V.
Published: July 2024

The single-center convergent close-coupling (CCC) method is applied to calculate positron scattering from boron. A model potential approach is utilized to extract the positronium formation, direct ionization, and values between the positronium formation and ionization thresholds. We present results for total, electron loss, elastic, momentum transfer, total bound state excitation, positronium formation, direct ionization, stopping power, and mean excitation energy from 10−5 eV to 5000 eV. For boron, there is only one other set of theoretical positron calculations for elastic and momentum transfer above 500 eV, which is in excellent agreement with the current CCC results. Using the current results for boron atoms and previous CCC calculations for hydrogen and fluorine atoms, positron scattering from BF, BF2, BF3, and BH molecules is calculated for energies between 0.1 eV and 5000 eV with a modified independent atom approach.
Adipose Tissue Derivatives in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Transection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Araújo Rafael Silva de , Mussalem Matheus Galvão Valadares Bertolini , Carrijo Gabriel Sant’Ana , Bani João Victor de Figueiredo , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is increasingly prevalent and challenging to treat despite advances in microsurgical techniques. In this context, adipose tissue derivatives, such as adipose-derived stem cells, nanofat, and stromal vascular fraction have been gaining attention as potential allies in peripheral nerve regeneration. Objectives: This study aims to explore the use of adipose tissue derivatives in nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve transection in murine models. Thus, we assess and synthesize the key techniques and methods used for evaluating the obtained nerve regeneration to guide future experimental research and clinical interventions. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in February 2024, adhering to the Cochrane and PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The focus was on experimental studies involving adipose tissue derivatives in nerve regeneration in animal models post-transection. Only experimental trials reporting nerve regeneration outcomes were included; studies lacking a comparator group or evaluation methods were excluded. Results: Out of 273 studies initially identified from MEDLINE, 19 were selected for detailed analysis. The average study included 32.5 subjects, with about 10.2 subjects per intervention subgroup. The predominant model was the sciatic nerve injury with a 10 mm gap. The most common intervention involved unprocessed adipose-derived stem cells, utilized in 14 articles. Conclusions: This review underscores the significant potential of current methodologies in peripheral nerve regeneration, particularly highlighting the use of murine models and thorough evaluation techniques.
Regional Changes in Brain Biomolecular Markers in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Model
Authors: Millen Aletta M. E. , Maluleke Tshiamo T. , Pienaar Leandrie , Sallie Farhanah N. , Veerappan Radhini , Andrén Per E. , Baijnath Sooraj
Published: July 2024

Background: The effects of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of systemic inflammation, on brain regional molecular markers associated with neurological disorders are uncertain. Objective: This study investigated the brain regional molecular changes in markers associated with inflammation and neuronal dysfunction in a CIA model. Methods: Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control (n = 5) or CIA (n = 9) groups. 10 weeks after CIA induction, brain tissue was collected. Brain regional mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1β and IL-6), apoptotic markers (BAX and Bcl2) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, CREB and TrkB) was determined. Monoamine distribution and abundance in different brain regions were determine by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Results: Neuroinflammation was confirmed in the CIA group by increased IL-β mRNA expression, concurrent with an increased BAX/Bcl2 ratio. The mRNA expression of CREB was increased in the midbrain and hippocampus while BDNF was increased and TrkB was decreased across all brain regions in CIA compared to control animals. Serotonin was decreased in the midbrain and hippocampus while dopamine was decreased in the striatum of CIA rats, compared to controls. Conclusion: CIA resulted in neuroinflammation concurrent with an apoptotic state and aberrant expression of neurotrophic factors and monoamines in the brain, suggestive of neurodegeneration.
Haplotypes of ATP-Binding Cassette CaABCC6 in Chickpea from Kazakhstan Are Associated with Salinity Tolerance and Leaf Necrosis via Oxidative Stress
Authors: Khassanova Gulmira , Jatayev Satyvaldy , Gabdola Ademi , Kuzbakova Marzhan , Zailasheva Aray , Kylyshbayeva Gulnar , Schramm Carly , Schleyer Kathryn , Philp-Dutton Lauren , Sweetman Crystal , Anderson Peter , Jenkins Colin L. D. , Soole Kathleen L. , Shavrukov Yuri
Published: July 2024

Salinity tolerance was studied in chickpea accessions from a germplasm collection and in cultivars from Kazakhstan. After NaCl treatment, significant differences were found between genotypes, which could be arranged into three groups. Those that performed poorest were found in group 1, comprising five ICC accessions with the lowest chlorophyll content, the highest leaf necrosis (LN), Na+ accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and a low glutathione ratio GSH/GSSG. Two cultivars, Privo-1 and Tassay, representing group 2, were moderate in these traits, while the best performance was for group 3, containing two other cultivars, Krasnokutsky-123 and Looch, which were found to have mostly green plants and an exact opposite pattern of traits. Marker–trait association (MTA) between 6K DArT markers and four traits (LN, Na+, MDA, and GSH/GSSG) revealed the presence of four possible candidate genes in the chickpea genome that may be associated with the three groups. One gene, ATP-binding cassette, CaABCC6, was selected, and three haplotypes, A, D1, and D2, were identified in plants from the three groups. Two of the most salt-tolerant cultivars from group 3 were found to have haplotype D2 with a novel identified SNP. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that this gene was strongly expressed after NaCl treatment in the parental- and breeding-line plants of haplotype D2. Mass spectrometry of seed proteins showed a higher accumulation of glutathione reductase and S-transferase, but not peroxidase, in the D2 haplotype. In conclusion, the CaABCC6 gene was hypothesized to be associated with a better response to oxidative stress via glutathione metabolism, while other candidate genes are likely involved in the control of chlorophyll content and Na+ accumulation.
Microalgae Isolated from Singapore Mangrove Habitat as Promising Microorganisms for the Sustainable Production of Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid
Authors: Kua Glen Kai Bin , Kong Shik Nie , Zhang Hongfang , Nguyen Giang Kien Truc
Published: July 2024

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) is an omega-3 fatty acid with beneficial effects for human health. In view of its increasing demand, DHA traditionally produced by marine fisheries will be insufficient, and an alternative sustainable source is urgently required. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of four novel microalgae strains, PLU-A, B, C and D, with a high DHA content of up to 45% from decayed mangrove samples collected from a coastal area in Singapore. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolates were clustered with Schizochytrium sp. TK6 (OK244290.1) and were identified as Schizochytrium sp. strains. A medium optimization with Schizochytrium sp. PLU-D found a glucose-to-yeast extract ratio of 4:1 to be optimal for high biomass and lipid accumulation of up to 70% in shake flasks. In fed-batch fermentation scale-up with the Schizochytrium sp. PLU-D strain, this translates to 175 g/L dry biomass, 94 g/L lipid and 36.2 g/L DHA. Accordingly, the DHA titer obtained is superior to most of the scale-up production reported thus far, while the DHA content is comparable to two other commercially available DHA algae oils. These results suggest that Schizochytrium sp. PLU-D has high potential to be applied for the sustainable production of DHA.
CYP21A2 Intron 2 Genetic Variants Might Be Associated with the Clinical Characteristics of Women with PCOS
Authors: Robeva Ralitsa , Andonova Silvia , Todorov Tihomir , Feyzullova Aylin , Elenkova Atanaska , Kirilov Georgi , Savov Alexey , Zacharieva Sabina , Todorova Albena
Published: July 2024

Aims: Pathogenic variants in the CYP21A2 gene are related to the classic and non-classic forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). However, the role of CAH carrier status in the clinical presentation of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is still unclear. Moreover, the possible associations of different CYP21A2 gene polymorphisms with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in PCOS have not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the prevalence of the most common CYP21A2 pathogenic variant IVS2-13A/C>G (c.293-13A/C>G) in Eastern European women with PCOS and to evaluate the associations between common intron 2 genetic polymorphisms and the clinical symptoms of the patients. Methods: Sixty consecutively recruited women with PCOS were genotyped for the CYP21A2 intron 2 IVS2-13A/C>G genetic variant. Additionally, CYP21A2 intron 2 polymorphic variants rs6453 (c.293-44G>T), rs6451 (c.293-67C>A/G), rs369651496 (c.293-104del), and rs6474 (c.308G>A/p.R103L) were tested and described. The clinical and hormonal characteristics were compared in women with PCOS and with polymorphic and wild-type genotypes. Results: The heterozygous CYP21A2 pathogenic variant IVS2-13A/C>G was found in one of the investigated PCOS patients (1.67%) with a non-hyperandrogenic type of PCOS. The presence of the rs6453 (c.293-44G>T) T-allele was associated with increased levels of DHEAS (15.18 vs. 9.14 µmol/L, p = 0.003) compared to the wild-type genotype in the investigated group. The rs6451 (c.293-67C>A/G) minor alleles were associated with an earlier age of menarche in the patients (12.0 vs. 13.0 years, p = 0.007). The polymorphic rs369651496 minor 6G allele was related to a better lipid profile in the women with PCOS, while the rs6474 variant modulated the blood pressure of the patients. Conclusions: The presence of CYP21A2 genetic minor alleles of rs6467 (IVS2-13A/C, c.293-13A/C), rs6453 (c.293-44G>T), rs6451 (c.293-67C>A/G), rs369651496 (c.293-104del), and rs6474 (c.308G>A/p.R103L) might modulate the adrenal androgens, age of menarche, and metabolic features in women with PCOS. Further studies on 21-hydroxylase genetic variants (pathogenic and polymorphisms) in different ethnic groups might help reveal the influence of adrenal steroidogenesis on PCOS development, clinical manifestations, and lifelong cardiovascular risks.
Platelet Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is There a Specific Association with Autism Spectrum Psychopathology?
Authors: Carpita Barbara , Nardi Benedetta , Bonelli Chiara , Pascariello Lavinia , Massimetti Gabriele , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Pini Stefano , Palego Lionella , Betti Laura , Giannaccini Gino , Dell’Osso Liliana
Published: July 2024

To date, although several studies have investigated the circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), only a few authors have addressed their evaluation in adults. Furthermore, an important limitation of these studies lies in the fact that circulating BDNF is stored in platelets and released into the circulation when needed. To the best of our knowledge, a very limited number of studies have related peripheral BDNF values to platelet counts, and yet no study has evaluated intra-platelet BDNF levels in adults with ASD. In this framework, the aim of the present work is to pave the way in this field and evaluate platelet BNDF levels in adult ASD patients, as well as their correlation with autistic symptoms and related psychopathological dimensions. We recruited 22 ASD and 22 healthy controls, evaluated with the Adult autism subthreshold spectrum (AdAS Spectrum), the Social Anxiety Spectrum—self report (SHY-SR), the Trauma and loss spectrum—self report (TALS-SR), the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the Mood Spectrum—self report for suicidality. Intra-platelet BDNF levels were also assessed. The results highlighted lower BDNF levels in the ASD group; moreover, AdAS Spectrum and WSAS total score as well as AdAS Spectrum Restricted interest and rumination, WSAS Private leisure activities, TALS-SR Arousal, and SHY-SR Childhood domains were significant negative predictors of platelet BDNF levels.
Association between FT3 Levels and Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Elite Athletes
Authors: Di Gioia Giuseppe , Squeo Maria Rosaria , Lemme Erika , Maestrini Viviana , Monosilio Sara , Ferrera Armando , Buzzelli Lorenzo , Valente Daniele , Pelliccia Antonio
Published: July 2024

Background: Previous studies demonstrated that variations of fT3, even within the euthyroid range, can influence cardiac function. Our aim was to investigate whether thyroid hormones, even within the euthyroid range, are associated with the magnitude of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in Olympic athletes. Methods: We evaluated 1342 Olympic athletes (mean age 25.6 ± 5.1) practicing different sporting disciplines (power, skills, endurance, and mixed). Athletes underwent blood testing (thyroid stimulating hormone, fT3, and fT4), echocardiography, and exercise-stress testing. Athletes taking thyroid hormones, affected by thyroiditis, or presenting TSH out of ranges were excluded. Results: The level of thyroid hormones varied according to the type of sporting discipline practiced: endurance athletes presented the lowest TSH (p < 0.0001), fT3 (p = 0.007), and fT4 (p < 0.0001) in comparison to the remaining ones. Resting heart rate (HR) was positively correlated to fT3 in athletes of different disciplines (power: p = 0.0002, R2 = 0.04; skill: p = 0.0009, R2 = 0.05; endurance: p = 0.007, R2 = 0.03; and mixed: p = 0.04, R2 = 0.01). The same results were seen for peak HR in the exercise-stress test in athletes engaged in power, skill, and endurance (respectively, p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.04; p = 0.01, R2 = 0.04; and p = 0.005, R2 = 0.02). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed with cardiac dimensions, i.e., interventricular septum (power: p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.11; skill: p = 0.02, R2 = 0.03; endurance: p = 0.002, R2 = 0.03; mixed: p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.04). Furthermore, fT3 was directly correlated with the left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic volume in skills (p = 0.04, R2 = 0.03), endurance (p = 0.04, R2 = 0.01), and mixed (p = 0.04, R2 = 0.01). Conclusions: Thyroid hormones, even within the euthyroid range, are associated with cardiac adaptive response to exercise and may contribute to exercise-induced cardiac remodeling.
Predictive Value and Diagnostic Potential of IL-10, IL-17A, IL1-β, IL-6, CXCL, and MCP for Severe COVID-19 and COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Cîrjaliu Roxana-Elena , Tofolean Ioan-Tiberiu , Tofolean Doina-Ecaterina , Chisoi Anca , Oancea Cristian , Vastag Emanuela , Marc Monica , Bratosin Felix , Rosca Ovidiu , Fildan Ariadna-Petronela
Published: July 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates advanced prognostic tools to anticipate disease progression and optimize patient outcomes. This study evaluates the predictive value and diagnostic potential of interleukins interleukin (IL) IL-10, IL-17A, IL1-β, IL-6, chemokine ligand (CXCL), and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP) for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 mortality, aiming to correlate cytokine levels with disease severity. Conducted from January 2023 to January 2024, this prospective cohort study involved patients hospitalized with moderate and severe COVID-19 from Romania. This study analyzed statistically significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. IL-6 and MCP emerged as significant, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.35 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54–3.59, p = 0.014) and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.22–3.45, p = 0.007), respectively. Compound scores integrating multiple inflammatory markers also demonstrated predictive value; Compound Score 2 had an HR of 2.23 (95% CI: 1.35–3.68, p = 0.002), surpassing most single markers in association with severe disease. Notably, interleukins IL-10 and IL-1β did not show significant associations with disease severity. This study underscores the importance of IL-6 and MCP as robust predictors of severe COVID-19, substantiating their role in clinical assessments to foresee patient deterioration. The utility of compound scores in enhancing predictive accuracy suggests a composite approach may be more effective in clinical settings.
Editorial to the Special Issue “Theranostic Drug Delivery: Prospects and Problems”
Authors: Mozafari M. R.
Published: July 2024

The technical phrase theragnostic (also known as theranostic) was first introduced to the scientific community in the year 1998 by John Funkhouser, to describe a methodology or procedure employed to achieve disease diagnosis and treatment simultaneously [...]
Large Language Models and Genomics for Summarizing the Role of microRNA in Regulating mRNA Expression
Authors: Bhasuran Balu , Manoharan Sharanya , Iyyappan Oviya Ramalakshmi , Murugesan Gurusamy , Prabahar Archana , Raja Kalpana
Published: July 2024

microRNA (miRNA)–messenger RNA (mRNA or gene) interactions are pivotal in various biological processes, including the regulation of gene expression, cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and development, as well as the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and pathogenesis of numerous diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and metabolic conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of miRNA–mRNA interactions can provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. However, extracting these interactions efficiently from a huge collection of published articles in PubMed is challenging. In the current study, we annotated a miRNA–mRNA Interaction Corpus (MMIC) and used it for evaluating the performance of a variety of machine learning (ML) models, deep learning-based transformer (DLT) models, and large language models (LLMs) in extracting the miRNA–mRNA interactions mentioned in PubMed. We used the genomics approaches for validating the extracted miRNA–mRNA interactions. Among the ML, DLT, and LLM models, PubMedBERT showed the highest precision, recall, and F-score, with all equal to 0.783. Among the LLM models, the performance of Llama-2 is better when compared to others. Llama 2 achieved 0.56 precision, 0.86 recall, and 0.68 F-score in a zero-shot experiment and 0.56 precision, 0.87 recall, and 0.68 F-score in a three-shot experiment. Our study shows that Llama 2 achieves better recall than ML and DLT models and leaves space for further improvement in terms of precision and F-score.
Advances of 3D Cell Co-Culture Technology Based on Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Li Can , He Wei , Song Yihua , Zhang Xia , Sun Jianfei , Zhou Zuojian
Published: July 2024

Cell co-culture technology aims to study the communication mechanism between cells and to better reveal the interactions and regulatory mechanisms involved in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. This is achieved by simulating the complex organismic environment. Such studies are of great significance for understanding the physiological and pathological processes of multicellular organisms. As an emerging cell cultivation technology, 3D cell co-culture technology, based on microfluidic chips, can efficiently, rapidly, and accurately achieve cell co-culture. This is accomplished by leveraging the unique microchannel structures and flow characteristics of microfluidic chips. The technology can simulate the native microenvironment of cell growth, providing a new technical platform for studying intercellular communication. It has been widely used in the research of oncology, immunology, neuroscience, and other fields. In this review, we summarize and provide insights into the design of cell co-culture systems on microfluidic chips, the detection methods employed in co-culture systems, and the applications of these models.
Giving It a Shot with a Different Approach: Prosocial Strategies Moderate the Joint Effects of Agentic and Communal Goals on Bullying
Authors: Wang Yangan , Zhang Qingqin , Dong Zixiao , Zhang Xiangkui
Published: July 2024

This study uses polynomial regression and response surface analyses to investigate the joint effects of agentic and communal goals on bullying and the moderating role of prosocial strategies. The sample included 917 adolescents (Mage = 13.54, SD = 1.02) from rural, suburban, and urban areas in China. The findings revealed that higher agentic and lower communal goals were associated with a linear rise in bullying. Surprisingly, when both social goals were higher simultaneously, bullying followed an inverted U-shaped pattern. Furthermore, prosocial strategies moderated the joint effects of the two social goals. Adolescents who are more likely to use prosocial strategies do not show significant changes in bullying when both goals are at a higher level. In contrast, those who are less likely to do so show a linear rise in bullying, regardless of changes in social goals. This study improves our understanding and intervention of bullying behavior, emphasizing a non-pathological perspective.
Social Media as a Tool for Informal Spanish Learning: A Phenomenological Study of Chinese Students’ Behaviour in Spain
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Romero-Forteza Francesca
Published: July 2024

This study explores the perceptions of Chinese learners in Spain regarding the use of social networks for informal Spanish language learning. The objective is to identify the challenges and benefits of using social networks to address the real needs of students in learning Spanish. A qualitative phenomenological approach was adopted, focusing on participants’ perceptions before and after using social networks. Eight Chinese students were selected for the study. The study was conducted in Valencia and Barcelona, Spain, from 1 September 2023 to 20 March 2024, and three commonly used social media networks were compared. The results indicate positive perceptions towards social media as a tool for learning Spanish, highlighting its usefulness in improving language skills and enhancing cultural awareness. Additionally, Xiaohongshu and Bilibili emerged as the most popular platforms for Spanish language learning among Chinese students. This study concludes that social media effectively meets the authentic needs of Chinese students learning Spanish in Spain, enhancing both language skills and cultural adaptation. This multifaceted approach reflects the complexity of learning Spanish in the digital age, combining personal passion, professional aspirations, and cultural adaptation needs.
Learning to Listen: Changes in Children’s Brain Activity Following a Listening Comprehension Intervention
Authors: Marji Michelle , Schwartz Cody , Nguyen Tri , Kupfer Anne S. , Blais Chris , Restrepo Maria Adelaida , Glenberg Arthur M.
Published: July 2024

“Are you LISTENING?” may be one of the most frequent questions preschoolers hear from their parents and teachers, but can children be taught to listen carefully—and thus better comprehend language—and if so, what changes occur in their brains? Twenty-seven four- and five-year-old children were taught a language simulation strategy to use while listening to stories: first, they practiced moving graphics on an iPad to correspond to the story actions, and then they practiced imagining the movements. Compared to a control condition, children in the intervention answered comprehension questions more accurately when imagining moving the graphics and on a measure of transfer using a new story without any instruction and with only immovable graphics. Importantly, for children in the intervention, the change in comprehension from the first to the sixth day was strongly correlated with changes in EEG mu and alpha desynchronization, suggesting changes in motor and visual processing following the intervention. Thus, the data are consistent with our hypothesis that a language simulation listening comprehension intervention can improve children’s listening comprehension by teaching children to align visual and motor processing with language comprehension.
Impact of Provincial Income Inequality on Parenting Styles in China during COVID-19
Authors: Jin Rui , Liu Na , Zhou Hao , Zhao Mingren
Published: July 2024

Research on Chinese parenting styles using representative samples is limited, particularly during COVID-19, with most studies focusing on individual factors while neglecting regional influences. This study examines the impact of provincial income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, on parenting styles and how these effects vary across subgroups. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2020, encompassing 3768 children aged 7–16 years from 25 regions, we employed a multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the predictability of provincial income inequality on parenting styles identified through latent class analysis. Three parenting styles emerged during the first year of COVID-19: authoritarian (48.2%), autonomy granting (27.7%), and average-level undifferentiated (24.1%). A higher Gini coefficient related to a greater likelihood of parents adopting authoritarian or autonomy-granting parenting styles over average-level undifferentiated parenting. Subgroup analyses revealed a higher likelihood of adopting autonomy-granting and authoritarian parenting for male children compared to female. Mothers with lower education levels and parents in rural areas tend to favor authoritarian parenting in response to higher income inequality. This trend was less evident among more educated mothers and parents living in urban areas. These findings suggest that parenting styles in China are influenced by complex and region-specific factors.
Intelligent Monitoring System for Integrated Management of Historical Buildings
Authors: Wojciechowska Gabriela , Bednarz Łukasz Jan , Dolińska Noëlla , Opałka Piotr , Krupa Michał , Imnadze Nino
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multi-method approach for the restoration of a historic building (train station) in Poland. The project employed field investigations, laboratory analyses, and close-range photogrammetry to create a Historic Building Information Model (HBIM). This comprehensive data set informed the development of targeted conservation strategies that addressed the station’s specific needs while respecting its historical significance. Interventions prioritized the use of locally sourced and sustainable materials, minimized the visual impact on the exterior, and achieved net-zero emissions through improvements to the building envelope and a switch to a heat pump heating system. Additionally, an intelligent monitoring system was implemented to continuously collect data on environmental conditions and structural displacement. These data will be used to develop a predictive model for future maintenance needs, allowing for a preventative approach to conservation and minimizing resource consumption. Overall, this project serves as a model for integrating advanced technologies in historical building conservation, promoting sustainable practices, and ensuring the longevity of irreplaceable cultural landmarks. The key findings derived from this approach encompass a comprehensive assessment of the station’s condition, optimized conservation strategies, insights from HBIM modeling, and the ongoing benefits of the intelligent monitoring system. Field investigations revealed several areas of concern, such as structural cracks, material deterioration, moisture infiltration, and significant heat loss through the building envelope. This information was crucial for developing targeted conservation strategies. The use of internal thermal insulation systems, particularly capillary active mineral blocks, significantly improved thermal performance. Moisture management interventions, including the restoration of the rainwater drainage system and the application of moisture-proof insulation, reduced reliance on the municipal water supply. The intelligent monitoring system, with sensors measuring temperature, humidity, and structural displacement, plays a crucial role in ongoing conservation efforts. This system allows for continuous monitoring and the development of predictive models, ensuring targeted and preventative maintenance, reducing resource consumption, and extending the lifespan of the building.
Characterization of Acoustic Emissions from Concrete Based on Energy Activity Coefficient
Authors: Liu Lei , Xu Yongfeng , Liu Yang , Wang Runqing , Zhang Zijie , Ma Ruiqi
Published: July 2024

Single-stage compression loading experiments were carried out on concrete specimens of various strengths to explore the characteristic parameters of the acoustic emission signal and its damage evolution law in the concrete damage process. These specimens were monitored in real time with acoustic emission and DIC instruments during the loading process, and internal pores and slices were scanned with CT scanning instruments after compression. The acoustic emission phenomenon was expressed using the energy activity coefficient, and the law relating to the phenomenon was summarized. The results show that when the peak and mean values in the first adjacent time domain grow rapidly, the specimen produces a large crack and enters the stage of rapid crack development, which can be taken as an indication of the impending damage to the specimen. The energy activity coefficient reflects the damage development intensity as follows: the smaller the energy activity coefficient, the more the cracks developed; the faster the speed, the larger the deformation. With an increase in the load level, the energy activity coefficient gradually tends to stabilize, and the specimen enters the stage of rapid crack development. However, when the energy activity coefficient suddenly increases again, the specimen is destabilized and destroyed. Therefore, the energy activity coefficient responds to the degree of congenital defects in the specimen. As the load increases, the energy activity coefficient is more stable, and the defects are smaller; in contrast, the energy activity coefficient drastically oscillating indicates that the material is very defective.
Digital Management Methodology for Building Production Optimization through Digital Twin and Artificial Intelligence Integration
Authors: Piras Giuseppe , Muzi Francesco , Tiburcio Virginia Adele
Published: July 2024

In a construction project schedule, delays in delivery are one of the most important problems. Delays can be caused by several project components; however, the issue is amplified when delays occur simultaneously. Classifying delays is relevant in order to allocate responsibility to the parties. In Italy, the delay in the delivery of medium and large-sized works in residential urban centers is about 15% compared to the project forecast. Moreover, the AECO sector’s ability to adapt to emerging challenges, such as environmental sustainability and digitization, is limited by the lack of innovation in management methods. The aim of this research is to create a methodology for managing the built and to-be-built environment in a digital way. This will optimize the building process by reducing delays and waste of resources. The methodology will use tools such as digital twin (DT), Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. The integration of lean construction practices can make the use of these technologies even more efficient, supporting better workflow management by using the BIM environment. The paper presents a methodology that can be applied to various scaling factors and scenarios. It is also useful for construction sites that are already in progress. As highlighted below, this brings significant economic-temporal advantages.
A Method to Optimize Dormitory Environments Based on Personnel Behavior Regulation
Authors: Yang Xiaojun , Zhang Junji , Cheng Yiming , Weng Xin , Yin Ruyu , Guo Luyao , Cheng Zhu
Published: July 2024

With the development of the economy, the indoor environment of college dormitories has received significant attention. This study focused on the problems of high population densities and poor indoor environments in Chinese dormitories. CO2 and formaldehyde concentrations were measured using field tests and satisfaction was investigated using a questionnaire. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the indoor environment of student dormitories. The results demonstrated that poor indoor air quality was a common occurrence in student dormitories. The students proposed several improvement measures, including increasing the number of window openings and using mechanical ventilation. This study conducted real-time monitoring of indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations at night when students were asleep. The results demonstrated that when the windows were closed, indoor CO2 concentrations could exceed 3000 ppm, while when the windows were fully open, the indoor CO2 concentration was about 500 ppm. Formaldehyde concentrations in the dormitory were measured after the windows had been closed for more than 12 h. Additionally, the air exchange rates—calculated based on the tracer gas method—ranged from 0.034 to 0.395, with the smallest value observed when the windows were completely closed and the largest value observed when the windows were completely open. Based on the above conclusions, a window-opening mode was proposed that considers the Chinese students’ routine. This pattern could satisfy the indoor thermal comfort needs in winter as well as improve indoor air quality.
Sustainability in the Workplace: Evaluating Indoor Environmental Quality of a Higher Education Building in Riyadh
Authors: Sirror Hala , Labib Wafa , Abowardah Eman , Metwally Walaa , Mitchell Connie
Published: July 2024

Sustainable building design has gained global significance as a strategy to address environmental challenges and promote healthier living spaces. This concept is particularly relevant in Saudi Arabia, where there is a growing emphasis on integrating sustainable practices into the design and operation of buildings, especially in educational settings. Amidst the global push for sustainability in workplaces, this study’s core lies in assessing and comparing the satisfaction levels with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a Saudi Arabian higher education building against those in international green buildings, considering factors that comprise thermal comfort, air quality, lighting, acoustic quality, office arrangement, furnishings, cleanliness, and maintenance. Employing the Center for the Built Environment (CBE) IEQ survey tool, a comprehensive study was conducted among the building’s occupants. A literature review and benchmarking studies complemented this to gather data on international green buildings. This study aims to assess and compare the satisfaction levels with the IEQ of a Saudi Arabian higher education building against international green buildings. The comparative analysis aims to expose the commonalities and differences in satisfaction levels, exploring how various factors influence overall satisfaction with the IEQ. The research found that there is overall satisfaction with the IEQ parameters of the building under investigation, except with two parameters: acoustics and thermal comfort. The building is generally in alignment with the IEQ of international buildings. This research is presumed to contribute significantly to sustainability initiatives in educational buildings, fostering a healthier and more sustainable workplace environment.
Research on High-Pressure Water Jet Interference for Collision Prevention of Waterway Viaduct Piers: Case Study of Guangzhou Lixinsha Bridge
Authors: Chen Jincai , Wei Xiquan , Huang Jingjing , Wang Haibo , Dai Meiling
Published: July 2024

In this paper, with the frequent occurrence of ship–bridge collision accidents as the context and the collision accident of the Lixinsha Bridge in China as the background, the scenario of a ship impacting a pier was simulated using ANSYS-FLUENT software, and the practical application possibility of the high-pressure water jet interference (HPWJI) anti-collision method was thoroughly investigated. Through the simulation analysis, the effectiveness of a high-pressure water jet with a total flow rate of 45 m3/s in altering the navigation direction of large-tonnage (2000 t) ships and avoiding obstacles was verified. Additionally, its impact on the stress of the ship steel plates and navigation status was also explored. It was found that, with reasonable layout and parameter adjustment, the high-pressure water jet technology could effectively intervene in the ship’s navigation trajectory while ensuring the structural safety of the ship, with minimal impact on the ship’s navigation stability and passenger comfort. Furthermore, the injection angle of the high-pressure water jet had a significant impact on the deflection and deceleration of the ship. Specifically, when the water jet impacted the ship along its forward direction, it could effectively increase the ship’s deceleration and deflection time, reducing the speed from 2.55 m/s to 1.7 m/s, a decrease of approximately 33%, significantly enhancing collision prevention effectiveness. This research provides important guidance for the practical application of high-pressure water jet collision prevention technology and is of great significance for improving the safety of waterway transportation.
Enhanced Adsorption of Arsenate from Contaminated Waters by Magnesium-, Zinc- or Calcium-Modified Biochar—Modeling and Mechanisms
Authors: Vamvuka Despina , Sdoukou Elena , Stratakis Antonios , Pentari Despina
Published: July 2024

The adsorption of arsenate from wastewaters was investigated by applying Mg-, Zn- or Ca-modified nut residue biochar activated by nitrogen/steam. The parameters studied were the contact time, adsorbent dose, initial arsenate concentration and solution pH. The adsorption mechanism was investigated. Various analyses of the material before and after arsenate adsorption were carried out, and experimental data were simulated by applying two isotherm models. The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiency of arsenate was 29.4% at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The modification of biochar by Mg, Zn or Ca oxides increased the removal rate significantly, from 49.4% at 100 mg/L As5+ up to 8%, 97% and 97%, respectively. Zn-modified biochar presented an excellent performance for both low and high As5+ concentrations. All experimental data were accurately fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.94–0.97), confirming a multilayer adsorption mechanism. For a biochar dose of 2 g/L, the maximum capacity of adsorption was enhanced after Mg-, Zn- or Ca-modification from 12.4 mg/g to 35 mg/g, 50 mg/g and 49 mg/g, respectively. The potential mechanisms of adsorption were ligand exchange, chemical complexation, surface precipitation and electron coordination.