bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Unilateral Corneal Edema after Exposure to 0.12% Cholorohexidine
Authors: Park Joo Ye , Kim Dong Hyun
Published: August 2022

Purpose: We report a case of permanent corneal opacity caused by unilateral chemical burns after exposure to a low-dose (0.12%) chlorhexidine antiseptic solution during a dental procedure.Case summary: A 33-year-old woman presented to our clinic with conjunctival injection, ocular irritation, and blurred vision in her right eye; all symptoms had been present for 2 weeks. These symptoms began several hours after a dental procedure, in which 0.12% chlorhexidine antiseptic solution had been splashed into the right eye. Initial examination revealed that the patient’s best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 in the right eye. Slit lamp examination and anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed substantial corneal edema and stromal infiltration on the nasal side. The patient’s BCVA improved to 20/20 in the right eye after 3 months of treatment with topical corticosteroid. However, the stromal opacity was permanent and the corneal endothelial cell count was substantially reduced to approximately 550 cells/mm2.Conclusions: Low-dose (0.12%) chlorhexidine on the ocular surface may cause irreversible corneal opacity and chemical burn-induced endothelial cell damage.
A Case of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension with Papilledema Secondary to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment
Authors: Suh Hyun , Shin Sun Young , Park Shin Hae
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To report a child with idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary to recombinant human growth hormone treatment.Case summary: An 11-year-old girl presented with blurred vision in both eyes starting 6 weeks earlier. She did not have any underlying disease and her body mass index was normal. She had started recombinant human growth hormone injections for idiopathic short stature 3 months earlier. The best corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes. Fundoscopy revealed bilateral disc edema with peripapillary hemorrhage and increased tortuosity of the retinal vessels. Bilateral enlargement of the blind spot was found on automated visual field examination. Magnetic resonance imaging and venography of the brain showed no evidence of structural or vascular lesions related to increased intracranial pressure. A lumbar puncture showed an elevated opening pressure of 26 cmH2O with normal cerebrospinal fluid constituents. She was diagnosed with growth hormone-related idiopathic intracranial hypertension and it was recommended that the growth hormone injection be discontinued and oral acetazolamide started. After 4 weeks of treatment, the optic disc edema and visual field defect improved. At the 2-year follow-up, she had a normal visual field with a normal optic nerve in both eyes.Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the clinical features and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary to recombinant human growth hormone treatment, which is a very rare, vision-threatening complication. Complete neuro-ophthalmological examinations should be performed immediately in children complaining of visual disturbances or headache during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone.
Herbário didático do Colégio Estadual Murilo Braga
Authors: Machado Wedna de Jesus , Silva Ana Cecília da Cruz
Published: August 2022

Diante das dificuldades no ensino de botânica e da necessidade de conhecer a flora brasileira, foi criado o herbário didático do Colégio Estadual Murilo Braga (CEMB), situado no município de Itabaiana/SE, Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivos ampliar o acervo do herbário didático do CEMB, aprimorar o conhecimento sobre as espécies vegetais que compõem a flora local, familiarizar os estudantes com a dinâmica de um herbário científico e despertar o interesse dos discentes pela botânica. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas de material botânico, secagem, identificação das espécies, montagem e organização de exsicatas no laboratório de química e biologia do CEMB. Essa pesquisa contribuiu com a incorporação de 140 espécies, sendo que a maioria é nativa do Brasil e de hábito herbáceo. A produção de exsicatas pelos estudantes proporcionou uma maior proximidade da flora local, favoreceu a contextualização do ensino e auxiliou a aprendizagem de conceitos botânicos.
EFFECT OF GUMMOSIS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA SPP. ON LEAF AREA AND TRUNK SIZE OF CITRUS IN DISTRICT SARGODHA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Rehman Asad , Iftikhar Yasir , Mubeen Mustansar , Zeshan Muhammad Ahmad , Sajid Ashara , Abbas Aqleem
Published: August 2022

Gummosis disease of citrus, caused by Phytophthora spp. is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus in Pakistan. Considering the menace of this disease, the present study was conducted to determine the disease incidence and its effect on the trunk size and leaf area of affected plants. A comprehensive survey was conducted in 75 citrus orchards in 3 tehsils (Sargodha, Bhalwal, and Kot Momin) of the district Sargodha for the prevalence of the disease. The diseased plants were marked from each orchard, trunk size was measured and leaf area was recorded using leaf area meter. The leaves from diseased plants of tehsil Sargodha showed the highest leaf area with an average of about 2685 mm2 followed by Bhalwal 2548 mm2. There was a huge difference in the trunk size of healthy and diseased trees. The highest average healthy trunk size (102 cm) was recorded in Kot Momin while the diseased trunk in Bhalwal was found 9 cm in size. Healthy leaf area and trunk size were not significantly different from tehsil to tehsil, but diseased trees were significantly different from each other at P0.05. Gummosis is a widespread disease in citrus growing areas and continues to gain importance as a constraint in citrus production. Therefore, concerted efforts should be implemented towards educating farmers and extension personnel about the disease's spread and management.
CONTROL STRATEGY FOR RICE STEM BORER IN WHEAT CROP BY THE MANAGEMENT OF RICE STRAW
Authors: Muhammad Wali , Hussain Shahid , Zubair Muhammad , Shehzad Muhammad Waseem
Published: August 2022

Wheat is an important economic crop and major staple food all over the world including Pakistan. Among rice pests, the rice pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens Walker) has been reported on wheat crop for the last many years resulting in whiteheads in the wheat crop. This study was planned to determine the effect of rice straw management on the incidence of S. inferens on wheat crop in the rice-wheat cropping pattern of Multan, Punjab. There were five treatments including wheat sowing on non-rice field, zero tillage after burning rice stubbles, zero tillage without burning rice stubbles, rotavator after burning rice stubbles, and rotavator without burning rice stubbles. The results revealed that the maximum number of tillers/m2 (708) was produced in zero tillage after burning rice stubbles. The maximum incidence (1.75%) of S. inferens was observed in zero tillage without burning rice stubbles. In conclusion, the appropriate management of rice stubbles has an important role in the management of S. inferens in the wheat crop. The results proved that using a rotavator as a tillage tool before the sowing of the wheat crop has remarkably reduced the incidence of S. inferens. The burning of stubbles was statistically at par with zero tillage with the highest infestation and environmentally hazardous. Therefore, the destruction of rice stubbles through rotavator is the most effective tool against S. inferens.
3D-printed hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds impregnated with neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF) for post-traumatic brain tissue reconstruction
Authors: Mishchenko Tatiana A. , Klimenko Maria O. , Kuznetsova Alisa I. , Yarkov Roman S. , Savelyev Alexander G. , Sochilina Anastasia V. , Mariyanats Alexandra O. , Popov Vladimir K. , Khaydukov Evgeny V. , Zvyagin Andrei V. , Vedunova Maria V.
Published: August 2022

Brain tissue reconstruction posttraumatic injury remains a long-standing challenge in neurotransplantology, where a tissue-engineering construct (scaffold, SC) with specific biochemical properties is deemed the most essential building block. Such three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel scaffolds can be formed using brain-abundant endogenous hyaluronic acid modified with glycidyl methacrylate by employing our proprietary photopolymerisation technique. Herein, we produced 3D hyaluronic scaffolds impregnated with neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF) possessing 600 kPa Young’s moduli and 336% swelling ratios. Stringent in vitro testing of fabricated scaffolds using primary hippocampal cultures revealed lack of significant cytotoxicity: the number of viable cells in the SC+BDNF (91.67 ± 1.08%) and SC+GDNF (88.69 ± 1.2%) groups was comparable to the sham values (p > 0.05). Interestingly, BDNF-loaded scaffolds promoted the stimulation of neuronal process outgrowth during the first 3 days of cultures development (day 1: 23.34 ± 1.46 µm; day 3: 37.26 ± 1.98 µm, p < 0.05, vs. sham), whereas GDNF-loaded scaffolds increased the functional activity of neuron-glial networks of cultures at later stages of cultivation (day 14) manifested in a 1.3-fold decrease in the duration coupled with a 2.4-fold increase in the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations (p < 0.05, vs. sham). In vivo studies were carried out using C57BL/6 mice with induced traumatic brain injury, followed by surgery augmented with scaffold implantation. We found positive dynamics of the morphological changes in the treated nerve tissue in the post-traumatic period, where the GDNF-loaded scaffolds indicated more favorable regenerative potential. In comparison with controls, the physiological state of the treated mice was improved manifested by the absence of severe neurological deficit, significant changes in motor and orienting-exploratory activity, and preservation of the ability to learn and retain long-term memory. Our results suggest in favor of biocompatibility of GDNF-loaded scaffolds, which provide a platform for personalized brain implants stimulating effective morphological and functional recovery of nerve tissue after traumatic brain injury.
Hope for bone regeneration: The versatility of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Nan , Xie Yimin , Xi Zhipeng , Mi Zehua , Deng Rongrong , Liu Xiyu , Kang Ran , Liu Xin
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Although bone tissue has the ability to heal itself, beyond a certain point, bone defects cannot rebuild themselves, and the challenge is how to promote bone tissue regeneration. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are a magnetic material because of their excellent properties, which enable them to play an active role in bone regeneration. This paper reviews the application of IONPs in bone tissue regeneration in recent years, and outlines the mechanisms of IONPs in bone tissue regeneration in detail based on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics and safety of IONPs. In addition, a bibliometric approach has been used to analyze the hot spots and trends in the field in order to identify future directions. The results demonstrate that IONPs are increasingly being investigated in bone regeneration, from the initial use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents to later drug delivery vehicles, cell labeling, and now in combination with stem cells (SCs) composite scaffolds. In conclusion, based on the current research and development trends, it is more inclined to be used in bone tissue engineering, scaffolds, and composite scaffolds.
Fungal bioassays for environmental monitoring
Authors: Soares Douglas M. M. , Procópio Dielle P. , Zamuner Caio K. , Nóbrega Bianca B. , Bettim Monalisa R. , de Rezende Gustavo , Lopes Pedro M. , Pereira Arthur B. D. , Bechara Etelvino J. H. , Oliveira Anderson G. , Freire Renato S. , Stevani Cassius V.
Published: August 2022

Environmental pollutants are today a major concern and an intensely discussed topic on the global agenda for sustainable development. They include a wide range of organic compounds, such as pharmaceutical waste, pesticides, plastics, and volatile organic compounds that can be found in air, soil, water bodies, sewage, and industrial wastewater. In addition to impacting fauna, flora, and fungi, skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion of some pollutants can also negatively affect human health. Fungi play a crucial role in the decomposition and cycle of natural and synthetic substances. They exhibit a variety of growth, metabolic, morphological, and reproductive strategies and can be found in association with animals, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. There are fungal strains that occur naturally in soil, sediment, and water that have inherent abilities to survive with contaminants, making the organism important for bioassay applications. In this context, we reviewed the applications of fungal-based bioassays as a versatile tool for environmental monitoring.
A sequentially triggered DNA nanocapsule for targeted drug delivery based on pH-responsive i-motif and tumor cell-specific aptamer
Authors: Yuan Baoyin , Xi Yanan , Qi Cuihua , Zhao Mingzhu , Zhu Xiaoyan , Tang Jinlu
Published: August 2022

Targeted drug delivery with minor off-target effects is urgently needed for precise cancer treatments. Here, a sequentially triggered strategy based on double targeting elements is designed to meet this purpose. By using an acidic pH-responsive i-motif DNA and a tumor cell-specific aptamer as targeting elements, a smart dual-targeted DNA nanocapsule (ZBI5-DOX) was constructed. ZBI5-DOX can be firstly triggered by acidic pH, and then bind to target cells via aptamer recognition and thus targeted release of the carried DOX chemotherapeutics. With this smart DNA nanocapsule, the carried DOX could be precisely delivered to target SMMC-7721 tumor cells in acidic conditions. After drug treatments, selective cytotoxicity of the DNA nanocapsule was successfully achieved. Meanwhile, the DNA nanocapsule had a specific inhibition effect on target cell migration and invasion. Therefore, this sequentially triggered strategy may provide deep insight into the next generation of targeted drug delivery.
Elucidation of the di-c-glycosylation steps during biosynthesis of the antitumor antibiotic, kidamycin
Authors: Heo Kyung Taek , Lee Byeongsan , Jang Jae-Hyuk , Hong Young-Soo
Published: August 2022

Kidamycins belong to the pluramycin family of antitumor antibiotics that contain di-C-glycosylated angucycline. Owing to its interesting biological activity, several synthetic derivatives of kidamycins are currently being developed. However, the synthesis of these complex structural compounds with unusual C-glycosylated residues is difficult. In the kidamycin-producingStreptomycessp. W2061 strain, the genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes responsible for the structural features of kidamycin were identified. Two glycosyltransferase-coding genes,kid7andkid21, were found in the kidamycin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Gene inactivation studies revealed that the subsequent glycosylation steps occurred in a sequential manner, in which Kid7 first attached N,N-dimethylvancosamine to the C10 position of angucycline aglycone, following which Kid21 transferred an anglosamine moiety to C8 of the C10-glycosylated angucycline. Therefore, this is the first report to reveal the sequential biosynthetic steps of the unique C-glycosylated amino-deoxyhexoses of kidamycin. Additionally, we confirmed that all three methyltransferases (Kid4, Kid9, and Kid24) present in this BGC were involved in the biosynthesis of these amino-deoxyhexoses, N,N-dimethylvancosamine and anglosamine. Aglycone compounds and the mono-C-glycosylated compound obtained in this process will be used as substrates for the development of synthetic derivatives in the future.
The cell cycle inhibitor RB is diluted in G1 and contributes to controlling cell size in the mouse liver
Authors: Zhang Shuyuan , Zatulovskiy Evgeny , Arand Julia , Sage Julien , Skotheim Jan M.
Published: August 2022

Every type of cell in an animal maintains a specific size, which likely contributes to its ability to perform its physiological functions. While some cell size control mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated through studies of cultured cells, it is unclear if and how such mechanisms control cell size in an animal. For example, it was recently shown that RB, the retinoblastoma protein, was diluted by cell growth in G1 to promote size-dependence of the G1/S transition. However, it remains unclear to what extent the RB-dilution mechanism controls cell size in an animal. We therefore examined the contribution of RB-dilution to cell size control in the mouse liver. Consistent with the RB-dilution model, genetic perturbations decreasing RB protein concentrations through inducible shRNA expression or through liver-specific Rb1 knockout reduced hepatocyte size, while perturbations increasing RB protein concentrations in an Fah−/− mouse model increased hepatocyte size. Moreover, RB concentration reflects cell size in G1 as it is lower in larger G1 hepatocytes. In contrast, concentrations of the cell cycle activators Cyclin D1 and E2f1 were relatively constant. Lastly, loss of Rb1 weakened cell size control, i.e., reduced the inverse correlation between how much cells grew in G1 and how large they were at birth. Taken together, our results show that an RB-dilution mechanism contributes to cell size control in the mouse liver by linking cell growth to the G1/S transition.
On the adsorption and reactivity of element 114, flerovium
Authors: Yakushev A. , Lens L. , Düllmann Ch. E. , Khuyagbaatar J. , Jäger E. , Krier J. , Runke J. , Albers H. M. , Asai M. , Block M. , Despotopulos J. , Di Nitto A. , Eberhardt K. , Forsberg U. , Golubev P. , Götz M. , Götz S. , Haba H. , Harkness-Brennan L. , Herzberg R.-D. , Heßberger F. P. , Hinde D. , Hübner A. , Judson D. , Kindler B. , Komori Y. , Konki J. , Kratz J.V. , Kurz N. , Laatiaoui M. , Lahiri S. , Lommel B. , Maiti M. , Mistry A. K. , Mokry Ch. , Moody K. J. , Nagame Y. , Omtvedt J. P. , Papadakis P. , Pershina V. , Rudolph D. , Samiento L.G. , Sato T.K. , Schädel M. , Scharrer P. , Schausten B. , Shaughnessy D. A. , Steiner J. , Thörle-Pospiech P. , Toyoshima A. , Trautmann N. , Tsukada K. , Uusitalo J. , Voss K.-O. , Ward A. , Wegrzecki M. , Wiehl N. , Williams E. , Yakusheva V.
Published: August 2022

Flerovium (Fl, element 114) is the heaviest element chemically studied so far. To date, its interaction with gold was investigated in two gas-solid chromatography experiments, which reported two different types of interaction, however, each based on the level of a few registered atoms only. Whereas noble-gas-like properties were suggested from the first experiment, the second one pointed at a volatile-metal-like character. Here, we present further experimental data on adsorption studies of Fl on silicon oxide and gold surfaces, accounting for the inhomogeneous nature of the surface, as it was used in the experiment and analyzed as part of the reported studies. We confirm that Fl is highly volatile and the least reactive member of group 14. Our experimental observations suggest that Fl exhibits lower reactivity towards Au than the volatile metal Hg, but higher reactivity than the noble gas Rn.
Rapid, novel screening of toxicants in poison baits, and autopsy specimens by ambient mass spectrometry
Authors: Tata Alessandra , Pallante Ivana , Zacometti Carmela , Moressa Alessandra , Bragolusi Marco , Negro Alessandro , Massaro Andrea , Binato Giovanni , Gallocchio Federica , Angeletti Roberto , Pozzato Nicola , Piro Roberto
Published: August 2022

Animal poisoning and dissemination of baits in the environment have public health and ethological implications, which can be followed by criminal sanctions for those responsible. The reference methods for the analysis of suspect baits and autopsy specimens are founded on chromatographic-based techniques. They are extremely robust and sensitive, but also very expensive and laborious. For this reason, we developed an ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) method able to screen for 40 toxicants including carbamates, organophosphate and chlorinated pesticides, coumarins, metaldehyde, and strychnine. Spiked samples were firstly purified and extracted by dispersive solid phase extraction (QuEChERS) and then analyzed by direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS). To verify the performance of this new approach, 115 authentic baits (n = 59) and necropsy specimens (gastrointestinal content and liver, n = 56) were assessed by the official reference methods and combined QuEChERS-DART-HRMS. The agreement between the results allowed evaluation of the performances of the new screening method for a variety of analytes and calculation of the resultant statistical indicators (the new method had overall accuracy 89.57%, sensitivity of 88.24%, and a specificity of 91.49%). Taking into account only the baits, 96.61% of overall accuracy was achieved with 57/59 samples correctly identified (statistical sensitivity 97.50%, statistical specificity 94.74%). Successful identification of the bitter compound, denatonium benzoate, in all the samples that contained rodenticides (28/28) was also achieved. We believe initial screening of suspect poison baits could guide the choice of reference confirmatory methods, reduce the load in official laboratories, and help the early stages of investigations into cases of animal poisoning.
Biochar-seeded struvite precipitation for simultaneous nutrient recovery and chemical oxygen demand removal in leachate: From laboratory to pilot scale
Authors: Wang Saier , Sun Kechun , Xiang Huiming , Zhao Zhiqiang , Shi Ying , Su Lianghu , Tan Chaoqun , Zhang Longjiang
Published: August 2022

Refuse transfer station (RTS) leachate treatment call for efficient methods to increase nutrient recovery (NH4+−N and PO43−−P) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. In this study, the effects of various operational factors (seeding dose, pH, initial NH4+-N concentration, and reaction time) on biochar-seeded struvite precipitation were investigated at laboratory and pilot scales. Mealworm frass biochar (MFB) and corn stover biochar (CSB) were used as seeding materials to compare with traditional seed struvite. The maximum NH4+−N and PO43−−P recover efficiency of the MFB-seeded process reached 85.4 and 97.5%, higher than non-seeded (78.5 and 88.0%) and CSB-seeded (80.5 and 92.0%) processes and close to the struvite-seeded (84.5 and 95.1%) process. The MFB-seeded process also exhibited higher COD removal capacity (46.4%) compared to CSB-seeded (35.9%) and struvite-seeded (31.2%) processes and increased the average particle size of the struvite product from 33.7 to 70.2 μm for better sustained release. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure with organic matter attached to the struvite product. A pilot-scale test was further carried out in a custom-designed stirred tank reactor (20 L). In the pilot-scale test, the MFB-seeded process still spectacularly recovered 77.9% of NH4+−N and 96.1% of PO43−−P with 42.1% COD removal, which was slightly lower than the laboratory test due to insufficient and uniform agitation. On the whole, MFB-seeded struvite precipitation is considered to be a promising pretreatment method for rural RTS leachate.
RNA-seq reveals a novel porcine lncRNA MPHOSPH9-OT1 induces CXCL8/IL-8 expression in ETEC infected IPEC-J2 cells
Authors: Jiang Bingyu , Liu Mingchao , Li Pei , Zhu Yue , Liu Yingying , Zhu Kaiqing , Zuo Yuzhu , Li Yan
Published: August 2022

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea in piglets, leading to economic losses in the pig industry. In past decades, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown to be widely involved in the regulation of host immunity in porcine infection diseases. In this study, we explored the lncRNAs associated with ETEC F41 infection in IPEC-J2 cells by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. A total of 10150 novel porcine lncRNAs were identified. There were 161 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs associated with ETEC F41 infection, of which 65 DE lncRNAs were up-regulated and 96 DE lncRNAs were down-regulated. Functional and KEGG enrichment analysis of predicted target genes of DE lncRNAs indicated they are enriched in cell growth and inflammation-related pathways, such as endocytosis, focal adhesion, TGF-β signaling pathway, and adherens junctions. We revealed a novel candidate lncRNA MPHOSPH9-OT1 that was up-regulated after ETEC infection. The qRT-PCR validation and ELISA assessment showed the knockdown and overexpression of MPHOSPH9-OT1 resulted in significantly down- and up-regulation of cellular mRNA levels and secreted cytokine levels of CXCL8/IL-8, respectively. Meanwhile, MPHOSPH9-OT1 equilibrium is important to maintain the transepithelial electric resistance value and tight junction protein expression of IPEC-J2 cells. This study provides insights into the functionality of novel porcine lncRNAs in host immune responses to ETEC infection.
Knowledge domain and emerging trends in diabetic cardiomyopathy: A scientometric review based on CiteSpace analysis
Authors: Tao Shiyi , Yang Deshuang , Zhang Lanxin , Yu Lintong , Wang Zihan , Li Lingling , Zhang Jin , Yao Ruiqi , Huang Li , Shao Mingjing
Published: August 2022

Objective

To review the literature related to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and investigate research hotspots and development trends of this field in the relevant studies based on CiteSpace software of text mining and visualization in scientific literature.

Methods

The relevant literature from the last 20 years was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. After manual selection, each document record includes title, authors, year, organization, abstract, keywords, citation, descriptors, and identifiers. We imported the downloaded data into CiteSpace V (version 5.8.R2) to draw the knowledge map and conduct cooperative network analysis, cluster analysis, burst keyword analysis, and co-citation analysis.

Results

After manual screening, there were 3,547 relevant pieces of literature published in the last 18 years (from 2004 to 2021), including 2,935 articles and reviews, which contained 15,533 references, and the number was increasing year by year. The publications of DCM were dedicated by 778 authors of 512 institutions in 116 countries. The People's Republic of China dominated this field (1,117), followed by the USA (768) and Canada (176). In general, most articles were published with a focus on “oxidative stress,” “heart failure,” “diabetic cardiomyopathy,” “dysfunction,” “cardiomyopathy,” “expression,” “heart,” “mechanism,” and “insulin resistance.” Then, 10 main clusters were generated with a modularity Q of 0.6442 and a weighted mean silhouette of 0.8325 by the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) algorithm, including #0 heart failure, #1 perfused heart, #2 metabolic disease, #3 protective effect, #4 diabetic patient, #5 cardiac fibrosis, #6 vascular complication, #7 mitochondrial dynamics, #8 sarcoplasmic reticulum, and #9 zinc supplementation. The top five references with the strongest citation bursts include “Boudina and Abel”, “Jia et al.”, “Fang et al.”, “Poornima et al.”, and “Aneja et al.”.

Conclusion

The global field of DCM has expanded in the last 20 years. The People's Republic of China contributes the most. However, there is little cooperation among authors and institutions. Overall, this bibliometric study identified the hotspots in DCM research, including “stress state,” “energy metabolism,” “autophagy,” “apoptosis,” “inflammation,” “fibrosis,” “PPAR,” etc. Thus, further research focuses on these topics that may be more helpful to identify, prevent DCM and improve prophylaxis strategies to bring benefit to patients in the near future.
Extracellular traps and the role in thrombosis
Authors: Han Tonglei , Tang Hanfei , Lin Changpo , Shen Yang , Yan Dong , Tang Xiao , Guo Daqiao
Published: August 2022

Thrombotic complications pose serious health risks worldwide. A significant change in our understanding of the pathophysiology of thrombosis has occurred since the discovery of extracellular traps (ETs) and their prothrombotic properties. As a result of immune cells decondensing chromatin into extracellular fibers, ETs promote thrombus formation by acting as a scaffold that activates platelets and coagulates them. The involvement of ETs in thrombosis has been reported in various thrombotic conditions including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary emboli, acute myocardial infarction, aucte ischemic stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. This review summarizes the existing evidence of ETs in human and animal model thrombi. The authors described studies showing the existence of ETs in venous or arterial thrombi. In addition, we studied potential novel therapeutic opportunities related to the resolution or prevention of thrombosis by targeting ETs.
Addition of TyG index to the GRACE score improves prediction of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective study
Authors: Pang Shuo , Miao Guangrui , Zhou Yuanhang , Du Yang , Rui Ziao , Zhao Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

Background

The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is a widely recognized tool for predicting adverse cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a new biomarker of insulin resistance and has a close association with the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. We investigated whether the addition of the TyG index to the GRACE score could improve prognosis prediction in patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

In total, 515 patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to describe the cumulative incidence of the primary endpoint based on the median TyG index. The relationship between the TyG index and GRACE score was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify independent risk factors. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated differentiation improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis, the TyG index was evaluated for its predictive value when added to the GRACE score. ROC curve analyses, NRI, and IDI were used to compare the gain effect of the TyG index and the levels of HbA1C, FBG, TG, and LDL-C on the GRACE score for predicting adverse cardiovascular events.

Results

The TyG index was an independent predictor of 2-year adverse cardiovascular events in patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI. The addition of the TyG index to the GRACE score demonstrated an improved ability to predict 2-year adverse cardiovascular events compared with the GRACE score alone (AUCs: GRACE score 0.798 vs. GRACE score+TyG index 0.849, P = 0.043; NRI = 0.718, P < 0.001; IDI = 0.086, P < 0.001). The decision curve analysis suggested that the clinical net benefit of the new model (GRACE score+TyG index) was superior to that of the GRACE score alone, with a probability range of 0.04 to 0.32. When including the TyG index, HbA1C, FBG, TG, and LDL-C in the GRACE score system, we found that the TyG index had a greater incremental impact on risk prediction and stratification compared to the other parameters.

Conclusion

Combining the TyG index and GRACE score could improve the prediction of 2-year adverse cardiovascular events. This new risk model could identify patients with NSTE-ACS at higher risk of adverse events following PCI so that they can be monitored more carefully.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
Authors: Valero-Muñoz María , Saw Eng Leng , Hekman Ryan M. , Blum Benjamin C. , Hourani Zaynab , Granzier Henk , Emili Andrew , Sam Flora
Published: August 2022

Although the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing, evidence-based therapies for HFpEF remain limited, likely due to an incomplete understanding of this disease. This study sought to identify the cardiac-specific features of protein and phosphoprotein changes in a murine model of HFpEF using mass spectrometry. HFpEF mice demonstrated moderate hypertension, left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy, lung congestion and diastolic dysfunction. Proteomics analysis of the LV tissue showed that 897 proteins were differentially expressed between HFpEF and Sham mice. We observed abundant changes in sarcomeric proteins, mitochondrial-related proteins, and NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3 (SIRT3). Upregulated pathways by GSEA analysis were related to immune modulation and muscle contraction, while downregulated pathways were predominantly related to mitochondrial metabolism. Western blot analysis validated SIRT3 downregulated cardiac expression in HFpEF vs. Sham (0.8 ± 0.0 vs. 1.0 ± 0.0; P < 0.001). Phosphoproteomics analysis showed that 72 phosphosites were differentially regulated between HFpEF and Sham LV. Aberrant phosphorylation patterns mostly occurred in sarcomere proteins and nuclear-localized proteins associated with contractile dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy. Seven aberrant phosphosites were observed at the z-disk binding region of titin. Additional agarose gel analysis showed that while total titin cardiac expression remained unaltered, its stiffer N2B isoform was significantly increased in HFpEF vs. Sham (0.144 ± 0.01 vs. 0.127 ± 0.01; P < 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrates marked changes in proteins related to mitochondrial metabolism and the cardiac contractile apparatus in HFpEF. We propose that SIRT3 may play a role in perpetuating these changes and may be a target for drug development in HFpEF.
Research of the broken roof structure and supporting capacity of a shield in a deep and thick coal seam
Authors: Li Yang , Ou Xiangji , Ren Yuqi , Wang Nan , Lei Xinghai , Jin Xiangyang
Published: August 2022

We determine the key issues of the reasonable supporting capacity of a shield and the shield selection in the panel face in a deep and thick coal seam. The No.232204 panel face of the Meihuajing mine in the Yuanyanghu mining area is taken as the research background. Using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement, the fracture characteristics and instability forms of roof structure of the panel face were studied. A mechanical model of roof fracture structure was established to calculate the reasonable supporting capacity of the shield, which guided the shield selection for the panel face. Also, a calculation and analysis system of the supporting capacity of the shield in a deep and thick coal seam was developed to realize the dynamic calculation and analysis of the supporting capacity of the shield. The results are as follows. 1) when the first weighting of the main roof appears, the broken rock block is hinged to form a “three-hinged arch” balanced structure. When the periodic weighting of the main roof appears, the broken rock block forms a “voussoir beam” balance structure. Also, the supporting capacity of the shield is stable between 8,900 and 9,600 kN. 2) The theoretical calculation showed that the supporting capacity of the shield in the No.232204 panel face was 9,581.04 kN, and the ZY10000/28/62D shield with supporting capacity of 10,000 kN is selected in the No.232204 panel face. 3) Through self-developed calculation software, the thickness and bulk density of the immediate roof had little influence on the supporting capacity of the shield, and the main roof thickness and bulk density have considerable influence on the supporting capacity of the shield. 4) The field measurement showed that the maximum supporting capacity of the shield in the panel face was distributed between 9,000 and 10,000 kN, which accounted for 77.58%. The loading utilization rate was more than 90%, and therefore the selected shield was reasonable. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of shield supports for a deep buried and thick coal seam in the Yuanyanghu mining area.
Raindrop size distribution characteristics in summer of a nival glacial zone in eastern Tianshan, Central Asia
Authors: Chen Puchen , Li Zhongqin , Wang Puyu , Yang Min , Jia Yufeng , Peng Jiajia
Published: August 2022

Precipitation is a key component of the hydrological cycle, which is critical to understanding its formation and evolution. In this study, based on the observation data of the PWS100 located at the meteorological observation site at the terminal of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, eastern Tianshan Mountains, the statistical characteristics of the summer raindrop size distribution (DSD) were analyzed, and the DSD characteristics of five different rainfall rates(R) and two rainfall types (convective and stratiform) were investigated for the daytime and nighttime. The average raindrop spectral width was the largest in class III (1 <R< 5 mm h−1). The result showed that the raindrop concentration increased with the rainfall rate. The maximum raindrop concentration was at class IV (5 <R< 10 mm h−1), when the raindrop diameter was higher than 1.74 mm. The small and medium size raindrops played a dominant role in precipitation composition in the head watershed of the Urumqi River, contributing 98% of the total raindrop. The convective precipitation at the headwaters was divided into continental clusters. The stratiform/convectiveDm-log10Nwwas characterized by a large mass-weighted mean diameterDm= 1.523/2.608, and a generalized interceptlog10Nw= 2.841/3.469.N(D)of convective precipitation was significantly different between the daytime and nighttime, while that of stratiform precipitation was almost the same. The constraint relationship betweenR-DmandR-log10Nwof these two precipitation types was deduced, the exponent of theR-log10Nwrelationship of the two precipitation types was negative, and theDmvalue of stratiform precipitation tended to be stable at a higher rainfall rate (1–2 mm). Finally, we deduced the power-law relationship between radar reflectivity (Z) and rain rate (R) [Z = A*Rb] for stratiform and convective precipitation at the headwaters.Z = 698.8R2.0was for stratiform, andZ = 47.1R2.0was for convective. These results, for the first time, offer insights into the microphysical nature of precipitation in the head watershed of the Urumqi River during the summer and provide essential information that could be useful for precipitation retrievals based on weather radar observations.
Spatial imbalance and factors influencing carbon emission efficiency in China’s transport industry
Authors: Ma Qifei , Jia Peng , Kuang Haibo
Published: August 2022

Exploring the regional differences of transport carbon emission efficiency (TCEE) and accurately identifying its influencing factors are crucial for achieving carbon neutrality in transport industry as soon as possible. The TCEE of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2018 was measured, and its spatial imbalance and influencing factors were determined. The following conclusions are drawn. First, previous studies have shown that the TCEE is increasing at an overall low level with significant regional differences. Second, the total regional differences of China’s TCEE presents a trend of rising first and then falling, and the intra-regional differences are the main source of total differences. Third, this study shows that certain factors, such as the economic level, transport structure, energy structure, and technical level, significantly influenced the TCEE, but there were notable spatial-temporal differences in each factor. Finally, targeted and differentiated carbon emissions reduction policies were proposed for transport departments to realize carbon neutrality as rapidly as possible.
The etiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes – A personal, non-systematic review of possible causes, and interventions
Authors: Buschard Karsten
Published: August 2022

In this review after a lifelong research career, my personal opinion on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) from its very start to clinical manifestation will be described. T1D is a disease of an increased intestinal permeability and a reduced pancreas volume. I am convinced that virus might be the initiator and that this virus could persist on strategically significant locations. Furthermore, intake of gluten is important both in foetal life and at later ages. Disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism may also be of crucial importance. During certain stages of T1D, T cells take over resulting in the ultimate destruction of beta cells, which manifests T1D as an autoimmune disease. Several preventive and early treatment strategies are mentioned. All together this review has more new theories than usually, and it might also be more speculative than ordinarily. But without new ideas and theories advancement is difficult, even though everything might not hold true during the continuous discovery of the etiology and pathogenesis of T1D.
Clearance flow patterns and pressure distribution of a pump-turbine: Measurement and simulation of a rotating disk flow
Authors: Hou Xiaoxia , Liu Herui , Cheng Yongguang , Liu Ke , Liu Demin , Chen Hongyu
Published: August 2022

The clearance flow patterns and pressure distribution determine the clearance axial hydraulic thrust of a pump turbine, which has a substantial impact on the unit axial imbalance. However, due to the tiny size and complex shape of the clearance flow channel, there is no detailed description of the flow patterns and pressure characteristics. In this study, we conducted a model test with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and CFD simulation of a rotating disk flow that was a simplified model of the pump-turbine clearance flow. It is shown that a typical Batchelor flow is formed in the clearance region, demonstrating a “core region + double-boundary layers” distribution for the circumferential velocity along the clearance height direction; the core region rotates at a speed of only around 41–42% of the rotating disk speed and is independent of the clearance inlet pressure and clearance height. Driven by centrifugal force, the flow is radially outward around the rotating disk, while inward around the stationary disk in the meridian section, showing secondary flow vortices. The pressure in the clearance region has a circumferentially symmetric and radially quadratic distribution. Based on the liquid differential equilibrium equation and core region circumferential velocity, the pressure and clearance axial hydraulic thrust in the clearance region can be expressed as a function of the clearance inlet pressure and the square of the runner rotating speed. These findings can be used to investigate axial force imbalance issues of the pump-turbine unit.
Multi-time scale trading profit model of pumped storage power plant for electricity market
Authors: Luo Yanhong , Zhang Shiwen , Zhou Bowen , Li Guangdi , Hu Bo , Liu Yubo , Xiao Zhaoxia
Published: August 2022

Pumped storage power plant (PSPP) has the upper hand on economy and cleanness. It also has the functions of frequency regulation, phase regulation, and spare, which have been instrumental in maintaining the stability of power system operation. But now the mechanism for PSPP to become involved in electricity market transactions in China is imperfect. How to properly establish a multi-time scale trading profit model and reasonably allocate the capacity of PSPP has been instrumental in realizing the economic operation of the power system. So, this article analyzes the mechanism for PSPP to become involved in electricity market trading by providing combined electricity supply services and ancillary services, and establishes an optimization model with respect to economic optimization. At the same time, considering the volatility of electricity prices in the spot market, the risk of PSPP becoming involved in electricity market trading is measured by conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) to achieve economic optimization while minimizing the risk. The case studies demonstrate that the proposed profit model can enhance the revenue and decrease the risk of PPSP.
Influence of multilayer cloud characteristics on cloud retrieval and estimation of surface downward shortwave radiation
Authors: Ri Ana , Ma Run , Shang Huazhe , Xu Jian , Tana Gegen , Shi Chong , He Jie , Bao Yuhai , Chen Liangfu , Letu Husi
Published: August 2022

Abstract: There are significant uncertainties in the retrieval accuracy of multilayer clouds with different phase states, leading to bias in the subsequent estimation of the surface downward shortwave radiation (DSR). Single-layer clouds are generally assumed for the retrieval of cloud optical and microphysical properties from satellite measurements, although multilayer clouds often occur in reality. In this article, the impact of multilayer clouds (thin ice clouds overlying lower-level water clouds) on the retrieval of cloud microphysical properties is simulated with the radiative transfer model RSTAR. The simulated results demonstrate the impact of double-layer clouds on the accuracy of retrieval of the cloud parameters and estimation of DSR. To understand the uncertainties of the input parameters, thorough sensitivity tests are simulated by RSTAR in the Results section. As compared with the retrieval results of single-layer clouds when the ice particle model of the upper-layer cloud is assumed to be ellipsoidal, the maximum relative bias in DSR is 0.63% when the COT for the ice cloud is 1.2 and for water cloud is 32.45. When the upper-layer ice cloud is assumed to be a hexagonal column, the maximum relative bias in DSR is 55.34% when the COT for the ice cloud is 2 and for the water cloud is 58.4. In addition, relative bias in DSR tends to increase both with radiance and ice cloud COT for a given radiance. This finding can provide a basis of reference for the estimation accuracy of radiative forcing in the IPCC report and the subsequent enhancement and improvement of retrieval algorithms.
Research on the impact of digital inclusive finance on rural human capital accumulation: A case study of China
Authors: Li Hanjin , Zhuge Ruiyang , Han Jin , Zhao Peng , Gong Maogang
Published: August 2022

The accumulation of rural human capital is one of the important factors to realize the sustainable development of the rural economy. Digital inclusive finance eases the budget constraints of farmers and affects their willingness and ability to invest in education which improves human capital accumulation. The impact of digital inclusive finance on rural human capital accumulation is strong but complex to determine. Based on the data from 31 provinces of China from 2011 to 2020, this study uses the systematic Generalized Moment Method (GMM) to build an analytical framework to explore the impact mechanism and differences of digital inclusive finance over the rural human capital accumulation regional levels. The study found that with the development of digital inclusive finance and the expansion of the breadth of coverage, and usage of digital inclusive finance can significantly enhance the accumulation of rural human capital. In terms of regional differences, the boosting effect of digital inclusive finance on rural human capital accumulation is greater in the Northeast than that in the Central, Western and Eastern regions of China. The impact of the extent of digital inclusive finance coverage on rural human capital accumulation is significantly greater in Northeast and Eastern regions than in Central and Western regions; the impact of the depth of digital inclusive finance usage on rural human capital accumulation is limited in Central China. Its findings and results can help to further develop digital inclusive finance, particularly for human capital accumulation in rural areas.