bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Security Decision-Making in Israel: Processes, Pathologies, and Strengths
Authors: Freilich Charles D.
Published: May 2017

This article presents a first of its kind typology of Israeli national security decision-making processes, focusing on five primary pathologies and a number of strengths. It will demonstrate that these pathologies are the product of an extraordinarily compelling external environment
and domestic structural factors: chiefly, the extreme politicization of the decision-making process stemming from the proportional representation electoral system, the consequent need to govern through coalition cabinets, and the absence of effective cabinet-level decision-making support capabilities.
Israeli Neo-Revisionism and American Neoconservatism: The Unexplored Parallels
Authors: Peleg Ilan , Scham Paul
Published: May 2017

The similarities between the American Neoconservative movement and the Israeli Neo-Revisionist movement (followers of Vladimir Jabotinsky, including Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Binyamin Netanyahu, and to some degree Ariel Sharon) have not previously been systematically
explored. The two movements share a Hobbesian worldview, confidence in the efficacy and frequent necessity of force, xenophobia, cultural pessimism, and belief in the “exceptionalism” of their respective societies. The article compares and analyzes their ideologies and their political
dynamics, as well as their similar trajectories of rise and decline. It demonstrates their political relevance for the contemporary situation in the Middle East and beyond.
Arab Intellectuals and the Bush Administration's Campaign for Democracy: The Case of the Greater Middle East Initiative
Authors: Baroudi Sami E.
Published: May 2017

This article considers how Arab intellectuals represent the United States and American foreign policy in their editorial contributions to Arabic newspapers. As a case study, it examines Arab intellectuals' reactions to the George W. Bush Administration's campaign to effect democratic
change in the Middle East, as articulated in the Administration's 2004 Greater Middle East Initiative (hereafter GMEI or Initiative). I argue that the predominantly hostile reactions to the GMEI stemmed mainly from a closed and negative image of the United States permeating Arab intellectual
circles. This negative image is the product of the history of American policy towards the region and, equally important, of the beliefs, values, and formative experiences of Arab intellectuals. The article concludes by addressing ways to ameliorate this image.
Islam, Sovereignty, and Democracy: A Turkish View
Authors: Yilmaz Hakan
Published: May 2017

In this article, some conceptual and empirical relations between Islam, sovereignty, and democracy will be examined, with comparisons to Christianity. In the first part of the article, the historical conditions of the formation of the dualist (Christianity) and monist (Islam) political
theories of the two religions will be examined. This will be followed by a conceptualization of the beginning and end of their respective “middle ages.” It will be argued that the end of the Islamic middle ages was marked, in some Islamic countries, by the following phenomena:
the building of a secular state apparatus; the replacement of "religion" by “nation” as the basis of the sovereignty of the new state; the deportation of Islam from the state to society; and the re-birth of Islam in the hands of the social actors as a political ideology aiming
at re-capturing the state it had lost. In the final sections, the problematic relationship between secularization and democratization in the Islamic world will be examined, and the experiments with secularization in the Islamic world will be compared with those of France. It will be observed
that what made secularization and democracy compatible in France was a combination of historical factors (the existence of the Church that controlled the social manifestations of religion; the state's success in nation-building; the efficiency of the secular judicial system; and the state's
satisfactory performance in the area of socioeconomic development), which were largely absent in the Islamic contexts, with the possible exception of Turkey.
II. Transport of Nearly Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence from 1 to 75 au
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Hunana P. , Shiota D. , Bruno R. , Hu Q. , Telloni D.
Published: May 2017

The thermal plasma beta in the solar wind and the solar corona is of the order of

and

. Zank et al. developed 2D and slab turbulence transport model equations of the order of

and

using nearly incompressible (NI) theory. We solve the Zank et al. NI MHD coupled turbulence transport equations for the inhomogeneous solar wind from 1 to 75 au, and compare the numerical solutions to Voyager 2 observations. We find that (1) the 2D turbulent energies are larger than the slab energies throughout the heliosphere; (2) the 2D turbulent energies decrease more slowly than the slab turbulent energies within ∼4 au, while the slab energies increase and the 2D energies flatten in the outer heliosphere; (3) the 2D normalized cross-helicity decreases faster than the slab normalized cross-helicity within ∼4 au; (4) the 2D normalized residual energy is more magnetically dominated than the slab; (5) the variance of density fluctuations decreases more rapidly than

within ∼10 au, and more slowly in the outer heliosphere; and (6) the observed variance in magnetic field fluctuations as a function of the thermal plasma beta is described by the two-component turbulence transport model. In summary, the NI MHD two-component Zank et al. turbulence transport model captures the behavior of the forward, backward, and total energies in the fluctuating Elsässer variables, the variance in the magnetic field, kinetic energy, and density fluctuations, the cross-helicities and residual energies, the thermal temperature and plasma beta, and the various correlation lengths.
No Evidence for Feedback: Unexceptional Low-ionization Winds in Host Galaxies of Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at Redshift z ∼ 1
Authors: Yesuf Hassen M. , Koo David C. , Faber S. M. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Guo Yicheng , Liu F. S. , Cunningham Emily C. , Coil Alison L. , Guhathakurta Puragra
Published: May 2017

We study winds in 12 X-ray AGN host galaxies at

. We find, using the low-ionization Fe ii
λ2586 absorption in the stacked spectra, that the probability distribution function (PDF) of the centroid-velocity shift in AGNs has 50th (median), 16th, and 84th percentiles of (−87, −251, +86) km s−1 respectively. The PDF of the velocity dispersion in AGNs has 50th (median), 84th, and 16th percentiles of (139, 253, 52) km s−1 respectively. The centroid velocity and the velocity dispersions are obtained from a two-component (ISM+wind) absorption-line model. The equivalent width PDF of the outflow in AGNs has 50th (median), 84th, and 16th percentiles of (0.4, 0.8, 0.1) Å. There is a strong ISM component in Fe ii

absorption (with (1.2, 1.5, 0.8) Å, implying the presence of a substantial amount cold gas in the host galaxies. For comparison, star-forming and X-ray undetected galaxies at a similar redshift, matched roughly in stellar mass and galaxy inclination, have a centroid-velocity PDF with percentiles of (−74, −258, +90) km s−1, and a velocity-dispersion PDF with percentiles of (150, 259, 57) km s−1. Thus, winds in the AGN are similar to star formation-driven winds, and are too weak to escape and expel substantial cool gas from galaxies. Our sample doubles the previous sample of AGNs studied at

and extends the analysis to

. A joint reanalysis of the

AGN sample and our sample yields consistent results to the measurements above.
Kiloparsec-scale Simulations of Star Formation in Disk Galaxies. IV. Regulation of Galactic Star Formation Rates by Stellar Feedback
Authors: Butler Michael J. , Tan Jonathan C. , Teyssier Romain , Rosdahl Joakim , Van Loo Sven , Nickerson Sarah
Published: May 2017

Star formation from the interstellar medium of galactic disks is a basic process controlling the evolution of galaxies. Understanding the star formation rate (SFR) in a local patch of a disk with a given gas mass is thus an important challenge for theoretical models. Here we simulate a kiloparsec region of a disk, following the evolution of self-gravitating molecular clouds down to subparsec scales, as they form stars that then inject feedback energy by dissociating and ionizing UV photons and supernova explosions. We assess the relative importance of each feedback mechanism. We find that H2-dissociating feedback results in the largest absolute reduction in star formation compared to the run with no feedback. Subsequently adding photoionization feedback produces a more modest reduction. Our fiducial models that combine all three feedback mechanisms yield, without fine-tuning, SFRs that are in excellent agreement with observations, with H2-dissociating photons playing a crucial role. Models that only include supernova feedback—a common method in galaxy evolution simulations—settle to similar SFRs, but with very different temperatures and chemical states of the gas, and with very different spatial distributions of young stars.
The Demographics of Rocky Free-floating Planets and their Detectability by WFIRST
Authors: Barclay Thomas , Quintana Elisa V. , Raymond Sean N. , Penny Matthew T.
Published: May 2017

Planets are thought to form via accretion from a remnant disk of gas and solids around a newly formed star. During this process, material in the disk either remains bound to the star as part of either a planet, a smaller celestial body, or makes up part of the the interplanetary medium; falls into the star; or is ejected from the system. Herein we use dynamical models to probe the abundance and properties of ejected material during late-stage planet formation and estimate their contribution to the free-floating planet population. We present 300 N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation around a solar-type star, with and without giant planets present, using a model that accounts for collisional fragmentation. In simulations with Jupiter and Saturn analogs, about one-third of the initial (∼5 M
⊕) disk mass is ejected, about half in planets more massive than Mercury but with a mass lower than 0.3 M
⊕, and the remainder in smaller bodies. Most ejections occur within 25 Myr, which is shorter than the timescale typically required for Earth-mass planets to grow (30–100 Myr). When giant planets are omitted from our simulations, almost no material is ejected within 200 Myr and only about 1% of the initial disk is ejected by 2 Gyr. We show that about 2.5 terrestrial-mass planets are ejected per star in the Galaxy. We predict that the space-borne microlensing search for free-floating planets from the Wide-Field Infra-Red Space Telescope will discover up to 15 Mars-mass planets, but few free-floating Earth-mass planets.
Helium Reionization Simulations. II. Signatures of Quasar Activity on the IGM
Authors: La Plante Paul , Trac Hy , Croft Rupert , Cen Renyue
Published: May 2017

We have run a new suite of simulations that solve hydrodynamics and radiative transfer simultaneously to study helium ii reionization. Our suite of simulations employs various models for populating quasars inside of dark matter halos, which affect the He ii reionization history. In particular, we are able to explore the impact that differences in the timing and duration of reionization have on observables. We examine the thermal signature that reionization leaves on the intergalactic medium (IGM), and measure the temperature-density relation. As previous studies have shown, we confirm that the photoheating feedback from helium ii reionization raises the temperature of the IGM by several thousand kelvin. To compare against observations, we generate synthetic Lyα forest sightlines on-the-fly and match the observed effective optical depth

of hydrogen to recent observations. We show that when the simulations have been normalized to have the same values of

, the effect that helium ii reionization has on observations of the hydrogen Lyα forest is minimal. Specifically, the flux PDF and the one-dimensional power spectrum are sensitive to the thermal state of the IGM, but do not show direct evidence for the ionization state of helium. We show that the peak temperature of the IGM typically corresponds to the time of 90%–95% helium ionization by volume, and is a relatively robust indicator of the timing of reionization. Future observations of helium reionization from the hydrogen Lyα forest should thus focus on measuring the temperature of the IGM, especially at mean density. Detecting the peak in the IGM temperature would provide valuable information about the timing of the end of helium ii reionization.
Inulin-type fructan degradation capacity of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa butyrate-producing colon bacteria and their associated metabolic outcomes
Authors: Moens F. , De Vuyst L.
Published: May 2017

Four selected butyrate-producing colon bacterial strains belonging toClostridiumcluster IV (Butyricicoccus pullicaecorumDSM 23266TandFaecalibacterium prausnitziiDSM 17677T) and XIVa (Eubacterium halliiDSM 17630 andEubacterium rectaleCIP 105953T) were studied as to their capacity to degrade inulin-type fructans and concomitant metabolite production. Cultivation of these strains was performed in bottles and fermentors containing a modified medium for colon bacteria, including acetate, supplemented with either fructose, oligofructose, or inulin as the sole energy source. Inulin-type fructan degradation was not a general characteristic among these strains.B. pullicaecorumDSM 23266TandE. halliiDSM 17630 could only ferment fructose and did not degrade oligofructose or inulin.E. rectaleCIP 105953TandF. prausnitziiDSM 17677Tfermented fructose and could degrade both oligofructose and inulin. All chain length fractions of oligofructose were degraded simultaneously (both strains) and both long and short chain length fractions of inulin were degraded either simultaneously (E. rectaleCIP 105953T) or consecutively (F. prausnitziiDSM 17677T), indicating an extracellular polymer degradation mechanism.B. pullicaecorumDSM 23266TandE. halliiDSM 17630 produced high concentrations of butyrate, CO2, and H2from fructose.E. rectaleCIP 105953Tproduced lactate, butyrate, CO2, and H2, from fructose, oligofructose, and inulin, whereasF. prausnitziiDSM 17677Tproduced butyrate, formate, CO2, and traces of lactate from fructose, oligofructose, and inulin. Based on carbon recovery and theoretical metabolite production calculations, an adapted stoichiometrically balanced metabolic pathway for butyrate, formate, lactate, CO2, and H2production by members of bothClostridiumcluster IV and XIVa butyrate-producing bacteria was constructed.
Multiscale Modeling of Uranium Mononitride: Point Defects Diffusion, Self-Diffusion, Phase Composition
Authors: Starikov Sergey , Kuksin Alexey , Smirnova Daria , Dolgodvorov Alexey , Ozrin Vladimir
Published: May 2017

Multiscale computational approach is used to evaluate microscopic parameters for description of nitride nuclear fuel. The results of atomistic simulation and thermodynamic modeling allow to estimate diffusivity and concentrations of point defects at various stoichiometric ratios of UN1+x. The diffusivities of Xe atom were calculated in various equilibrium states. In addition, we obtained the dependence of partial nitrogen pressure on x and temperature. The results of atomistic simulation were used for modeling of nuclear fuel behavior with use of mechanistic fuel codes.
Effective Atomic Displacements in Fe-9at.%Cr Alloy
Authors: Svetukhin Viacheslav , Tikhonchev Mikhail
Published: May 2017

A computer simulation of atomic displacement cascades in Fe-9at.%Cr binary alloy has been performed by molecular dynamics method for temperature of 300 K and cascade energies from 100 eV to 20 keV. The average number of Frenkel pairs produced in cascade has been calculated. The data on point defect clusterization have been obtained. Obtained evaluations of effective fraction of surviving defects are well approximated by the sum of power and linear functions of cascade energy. Increased chromium fraction in the self-interstitial (SIA) configurations has been observed and has been explained by combination of two factors: positive binding energy of Cr atom with SIAs and mobility of SIA configuration. The diffusion coefficient of single SIA configuration in the matrix of pure bcc Fe has been evaluated for the temperature range of 300 – 1000 K. We have prepared 100 group neutron cross-sections of effective displacement generation in Fe-9at.%Cr binary alloy. It has been shown that effective dpa generation rate can be 2-3 times lower than corresponding rates of conventional dpa generation rate.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Excess Vacancy Evolution in V and V-4Ti
Authors: Boev Anton , Nelasov Ivan , Maksimenko Vyacheslav , Lipnitskii Aleksey , Saveliev Valery , Kartamyshev Andrey
Published: May 2017

Titanium additions suppress the radiation swelling in vanadium alloys, but the mechanism of the suppression is debatable. It is claimed that interactions of Ti atoms with vacancies in vanadium are crucial in the suppression. In this paper we study clustering of excess vacancies in pure V and V-4Ti by molecular dynamics simulations at 700 K based on our interatomic potentials constructed earlier for the Ti-V system. For pure V the process results in the formation of a Frank sessile dislocation while the clustering in V-4Ti ends with the formation of the Ti-vacancies complexes with a specific structure. This allows us to discuss a possible mechanism of the swelling reduction in V caused by Ti alloying.
Квазиклассическая асимптотика спектра вблизи нижних границ спектральных кластеров для оператора типа Хартри
Authors: Pereskokov Alexandr Vadimovich
Published: May 2017

Рассматривается задача на собственные значения
для возмущенного двумерного резонансного осциллятора.
Возбуждающий потенциал задается нелокальной нелинейностью
типа Хартри с гладким потенциалом самодействия.
Каждому представлению алгебры вращений соответствует
спектральный кластер вокруг уровня энергии невозмущенного оператора.
Найдены асимптотические собственные значения и
асимптотические собственные функции вблизи нижних границ
спектральных кластеров. Для их вычисления использованы
асимптотические формулы для квантовых средних.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Соленоидальные базисные множества седлового типа
Authors: Zhuzhoma Evgenii Viktorovich , Medvedev Vladislav Sergeevich
Published: May 2017

В статье строится пример диффеоморфизма $3$-мерной
сферы с положительной топологической энтропией,
который имеет одномерное соленоидальное базисное
множество с двумерным неустойчивым и одномерным
устойчивым инвариантными многообразиями в каждой
точке (в частности, базисное множество не является
ни аттрактором, ни репеллером). Построенный
диффеоморфизм служит основой для конструкции
недиссипативного быстрого кинематического динамо
с одномерным инвариантным соленоидальным множеством.
Библиография: 22 названия.
О гамильтоновости линейных динамических систем в гильбертовом пространстве
Authors: Treschev Dmitry Valerevich , Shkalikov Andrei Andreevich
Published: May 2017

Для операторно-дифференциального уравнения $\dot x=Ax$, которое обладает квадратичным первым интегралом $(1/2)(Bx,x)$, получены условия гамильтоновости. В конечномерном случае достаточно потребовать, чтобы $\ker B \subset \ker A^*$. Для ограниченного линейного отображения $x\to \Omega x$, обладающего первым интегралом, получены достаточные условия сохранения (возможно вырожденной) скобки Пуассона.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Caregiver Perceptions of a Telehealth Wellness Program
Authors: Serwe Katrina M. , Hersch Gayle I. , Pickens Noralyn Davel , Pancheri Karen
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE. We sought to understand caregivers’ experience of an education-based wellness program delivered using telehealth.

METHOD. In this qualitative pilot study, 4 caregivers participated in a focus group after completing a 6-wk telehealth program. Data analysis involved open coding, thematic analysis, and coding triangulation.

RESULTS. Two major themes emerged. The first, “I feel like I am now prepared,” included the subthemes of strategies for caregiver self-maintenance, the understanding that caregiving is a normal process, and the value of a group experience. The second theme, “It was just a good interaction,” included the subthemes of benefits of telehealth, challenges of telehealth, and process of learning the technology.

CONCLUSION. Participant discussion of the content learned and the value of group support indicated that telehealth was effective in both promoting learning and facilitating relationships. Even with challenges, participants reported an overall positive experience. Telehealth holds promise for increasing access to health promotion programs.
Expanding the Implementation of the Americans With Disabilities Act for Populations With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Role of Organization-Level Occupational Therapy Consultation
Authors: Umeda Caroline J. , Fogelberg Donald J. , Jirikowic Tracy , Pitonyak Jennifer S. , Mroz Tracy M. , Ideishi Roger I.
Published: May 2017

The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) provides standards and guidance for accessibility and accommodations that remove barriers to facilitate community social participation for individuals with disabilities. However, ADA implementation does not yet fully address the diverse access needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), who continue to face barriers to community social participation. This article explores the potential for occupational therapy practitioners to provide organization-level consultation as a means of maximizing community social participation among people with IDD. Case examples of occupational therapy practitioners working with community organizations are presented to illustrate organization-level consultation that addresses access needs across diverse community contexts. The relevance of supporting community social participation within the context of health equity is discussed, and key next steps, including developing population-based outcome measures, addressing reimbursement considerations, and developing best practices for organization-level consultation, are outlined.
La Enseñanza Universitaria y los Retos hacia el Futuro
Authors: Ramírez Gálvez José Roberto
Published: May 2017

La Universidad ha sido garante durante siglos, de las funciones tradicionales asociadas al progreso, a la construcción del conocimiento y a la transmisión del saber. Se ha configurado como uno de los motores del desarrollo económico de la sociedad y uno de los polos de la educación a lo largo de la vida. Hoy, las Universidades están en un proceso de transformación y de cambios radicales ya que representan una actividad transcendente, que requiere de una importante inversión de tiempo de recursos humanos y financieros, para poder adaptarse y ser competitivas en los mercados nacionales e internacionales, considerando el mundo globalizado en la cual se encuentra la educación superior.En la actualidad, la enseñanza universitaria posee unas características que la definen como el proceso educativo de enseñanza superior que tiene lugar en una institución que actúa en la búsqueda, adquisición y construcción del saber científico, así como un constante proceso intelectual crítico de esos conocimientos. Tradicionalmente, en la Universidad, como en tantas otras instituciones educativas, el docente es el que sabe y el estudiante el que debe asimilar ese saber con responsabilidad.Con la actual tendencia mundial del enfoque por competencias, se hace más complejo y exigente el proceso de planificación educativa en la educación superior y se requiere de una formación especializada en los docentes, que les permita el aprendizaje de las herramientas y procedimientos técnicos que garanticen que los planes de estudios posean un mayor grado de validez y confiabilidad en la satisfacción de las necesidades formativas.
Contribución de las TIC en el aprendizaje integral del inglés, en los estudiantes de Inglés de la UNAN-Managua
Authors: Alemán Quintanilla Jaime Roberto
Published: May 2017

Con el objetivo de analizar la contribución de los medios tecnológicos, TIC, en el aprendizaje integral del inglés, en los estudiantes de la carrera Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación, de la UNAN-Managua, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y analítico que se llevó a cabo con un grupo de siete docentes y un universo de 360 estudiantes de la UNAN-Managua. A partir de los datos recolectados (partiendo de una muestra de 190 estudiantes), se diseñó la base datos correspondiente. Una vez que se realizó el control de calidad de los datos registrados, se realizaron los análisis estadísticos pertinentes.De acuerdo a las variables (cuantitativas o cualitativas) y guiados por el compromiso definido en cada uno de los objetivos específicos, se realizaron los análisis descriptivos correspondientes a las variables nominales y numéricas, entre ellos: (a) El análisis de frecuencia, (b) las estadísticas descriptivas según cada caso. Además, se realizaron gráficos del tipo: (a) barras de manera univariadas para variables de categorías en un mismo plano cartesiano, (b) barras de manera univariadas para variables dicotómicas, que permitan describir la respuesta de múltiples factores en un mismo plano cartesiano.Del análisis y discusión de los resultados obtenidos, se alcanzaron las siguientes conclusiones: El sexo femenino fue el de mayor predominio con un 57.22%; las edades más frecuentes estuvieron entre los 18 y 23 años. Los medios tecnológicos de mayor uso fueron: la grabadora con un 80% y el proyector con un 69%; y los de menor uso fueron la tableta con un 5% y el televisor con un 9%. Se realizaron los análisis de contingencia pertinentes (Crosstab análisis), para todas aquellas variables no paramétricas, a las que se les podrá aplicar la prueba de Correlación no Paramétrica de Spearman (Rho de Spearman) y Tau C de Kendall. Estas pruebas se tratan de una variante del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, los cuales permiten demostrar la correlación lineal entre variables de categorías, mediante la comparación de la probabilidad aleatoria del suceso y el nivel de significancia prestablecido para la prueba entre ambos factores, de manera que cuando p ≤ 0.05 se estará rechazando la hipótesis nula planteada de ρ=0.
Saudi Arabia Approaching 2030: The Shift from Quantitative to Qualitative Ambitions in Education, Enhancing Human Development
Authors: Pavan Annalisa
Published: May 2017

This paper has 3 goals. Firstly, to explain how since its establishment in the 1920s, the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has always strongly encouraged and supported scholarships for those citizens who wished to study abroad. Secondly, to explore how education and higher education are seen and supported in Saudi Vision 2030, the National Transformation Program (NTP) and the Saudi national budget 2017. New strategies and plans for progress in Saudi Arabia include education as a major tool for the human development of the Saudi nation. And thirdly, to address the following questions: what can the European Union learn from Saudi higher education policies? How do the Saudi Arabian Way to Knowledge Society and the Europe of Knowledge differ?
The Anxiety Factors among Saudi EFL Learners: A Study from English Language Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Asif Fariha
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that trigger language anxiety among Saudi learners in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. The factor of anxiety is especially found among learners while developing proficiency in over all communication and speaking skills as felt by the EFL teachers. The study also seeks to answer the questions like what are the socio-cultural factors as well as psycholinguistic factors that cause language anxiety. Furthermore, this study also explores strategies that can be designed and used to cope with language anxiety successfully. The scope of the study is limited to the college and university English teachers and subject specialists working in public sectors colleges and universities in Saudi Arabia.
Role of Internal Auditor in Dealing with Computer Networks Technology - Applied Study in Islamic Banks in Jordan
Authors: Alhosban Atallah Ahmad , Al-Sharairi Mohammed
Published: May 2017

The aim of the study was to identify Role of internal auditor in dealing with computer networks technology - Applied study in Islamic banks in Jordan -. The objectives were to identify the role of the computer networks that are installed for the first time in addition to the role of the auditor in the physical components of computer networks and maintenance. The study community consists of internal auditors in Islamic banks or financial institutions, a total of 101 questionnaires were distributed and 89 questionnaires were retrieved for statistical analysis. A single sample test was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The arithmetic mean and the alpha test were used to find the internal consistency rate of the study sample. The most important results of the study: the presence of the impact of computer networks on the internal audit work environment both in the installation of the computer for the first time or provide the physical components of computer networks. The most important recommendations: The need to hold seminars and conferences using technology tools and their effects on the environment of internal auditing or external auditing or accounting environment in general.
Mahfouz - den arabiske romanens mester
Authors: Saugestad Frode
Published: May 2017

Naguib Mahfouz gav den arabiske romanen stolthet og identitet, og hans mest sentrale romaner står som viktige dokument over Egypts sosiopolitiske og kulturelle historie.
Resisting Israeli Apartheid
Authors: Barghouti Omar
Published: May 2017

In this article Omar Barghouti, the independent Palestinian researcher and founding member of the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (pacbi1), explains why and how Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (bds) can help resolve the Palestinian/Israeli conflict.
Idealister og realister i USAs Midtøsten-politikk
Authors: Tønnesson Stein
Published: May 2017

I amerikansk utenrikspolitikk står idealistene på Israels side. Spørsmålet er hvor lenge idealismen kan styre USAs Midtøsten-politikk. Paradoksalt nok gjelder dette også hvis det idealistiske prosjektet for demokratisering av det “større Midtøsten” i en viss utstrekning lykkes.
Israelsk film - sionismens kulturelle støttespiller?
Authors: Rosmer Tilde
Published: May 2017

Den israelske publikumssuksessen i 2004, «Snu venstre ved verdens ende», handler om indiske og marokkanske jødiske immigranter på slutten av 1960-tallet og deres isolasjon i det israelske samfunnet. Filmen har dratt rekordmange israelere til kinoene siden premieren sommeren 2004. Til tross for dette ble den ikke nominert til beste film i Israel, noe som ble kraftig kritisert av filmens støttespillere. Hva sier dette om israelsk filmindustri? Og øker distansen mellom kinopublikummet og politisk agenda i offentlig kulturliv?
En tragedie i tre akter: Framveksten av den islamske staten
Authors: Tønnessen Truls Hallberg
Published: May 2017

Organisasjonen som i dag kaller seg Den islamske staten, og dens forgjengere, har vokst fram som en konsekvens av konflikter som i utgangspunktet oppsto uavhengig av dem – først og fremst et militært og politisk sammenbrudd i Iraks sunniarabiske områder og det nordlige Syria.
Hvordan bnei menashe ble en minoritet i Israel
Authors: Knarud Silje Belghaug , Trangerud Hanne Amanda
Published: May 2017

Siden 1990-årene har indere immigrert til Israel takket være jødiske og evangelikalske interessegrupper. Nå utgjør de en minoritet på rundt 3000 personer, hvorav mange er bosatt i konfliktfylte områder.
Vil de fortsatt kunne være der?
Authors: Fossum Egil
Published: May 2017

De kristne i Midtøsten er i dag under press fra mange ulike hold. En konsekvens av dette er emigrasjon. Er den kristne tilstedeværelsen i Midtøsten i ferd med å forsvinne? Vil de som blir igjen gå inn i sin historiske rolle som “dhimmis”; et tolerert, men underlegent minoritetssamfunn?
Osama bin Ladens slagkraft
Authors: Nilsen Anne Birgitta
Published: May 2017

Osama bin Ladens uttalelser vekker ofte gjenkjennelse, og de gjør seg derfor gjeldende. Tekstene hans er tilpasset et bredt publikum, og det er noe av årsaken til at han ikke bare anses som en terrorist, men også som en leder, heltefigur og frihetskjemper. I denne artikkelen skal det handle om bin Ladens retoriske slagkraft og makt.
Al-Nakba: Eksistensiell historieskriving
Authors: Jensehaugen Jørgen
Published: May 2017

“Jeg elsker bestemoren min. Hun er alle palestineres bestemor, fordi hun er minnene om Palestina.” (Nimer (16), Al-Azzeh flyktningleir, Betlehem). Korleis skal 1948 erindrast i israelsk og palestinsk historie? For palestinarane var det ein katastrofe, for dei israelske jødane ein fridomskamp.
Nakba på nytt
Authors: Elgvin Olav
Published: May 2017

I Israel har fordrivelsen av palestinerne i 1948 og -49 lenge vært tabubelagt. Men i to nyere israelske romaner har nakbaen plutselig gjort sin entré. Begge romanene har blitt store salgsuksesser. Hvordan skildres nakbaen i disse bøkene, og hva kan de fortelle oss om tendenser i dagens israelske samfunn?
Environmental Dimensions of Zionisms in the Negev and West Bank
Authors: Gray Alice
Published: May 2017

The relationship between human societies and the environment is multidimensional and complex. Human societies are both shaped and constrained by the environment in which they exist, and in turn act to shape and alter that environment to suit their own needs.
Striden om nasjonal identitet i Sudan: ein arv frå kolonitida?
Authors: Bjørkelo Anders
Published: May 2017

Borgarkrigen i Sudan har dei siste femti åra splitta landet i nord og sør. Er det då grensene som må gje tapt eller finnes der ein mellomveg?
Forgotten nationalism: Memory and history of the 1924 nationalist revolution in the colonial Sudan
Authors: Vezzadini Elena
Published: May 2017

In the post-colonial world, founding fathers are generally connected with the anti-colonial struggle, people such as Leopold Senghor in Senegal, Sa'ad Zaghlul i Egypt, or Ahmed Ben Bello in Morocco. The Sudan is very atypical in this respect. At present, Sudanese people seem to have forgotten the event, the "1924 revolution" that for the first time in Sudan's history brought forward the ida of the country being a nation-state.
Autentisitet og konflikt i det post-koloniale Algerie
Authors: Mouhleb Naima
Published: May 2017

Som et ledd i sin frigjøringsprosess har Algerie søkt å distansere seg fra Frankrike. For å gjøre dette har regimet politisert kultur og tolkningen av historiske hendelser.
2017 AWWA State of the Water Industry Report Results Are In!
Authors: Mercer Ken
Published: May 2017

AWWA has tracked issues and trends in the water industry since 2004 through its State of the Water Industry (SOTWI) study. The annual SOTWI survey allows participants to serve as a voice for their colleagues and encourages reflection on the water industry's challenges and priorities. The association recently released a report detailing the study's 2017 results.
Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Plastic Surgery: A Review
Authors: Kim Youngjun , Kim Hannah , Kim Yong Oock
Published: May 2017

Recently, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have received increasing attention, with the development of VR/AR devices such as head-mounted displays, haptic devices, and AR glasses. Medicine is considered to be one of the most effective applications of VR/AR. In this article, we describe a systematic literature review conducted to investigate the state-of-the-art VR/AR technology relevant to plastic surgery. The 35 studies that were ultimately selected were categorized into 3 representative topics: VR/AR-based preoperative planning, navigation, and training. In addition, future trends of VR/AR technology associated with plastic surgery and related fields are discussed.
La plume et l’aile. L’épopée aéronautique française, entre presse et édition (1908-1945)
Authors: Simard-Houde Mélodie
Published: May 2017

Au début du xxe siècle, l’invention de l’aviation a fasciné les foules et suscité un important continent d’écrits documentaires (reportages, témoignages, souvenirs de pilotes, histoires vulgarisées, biographies). Afin d’approfondir la connaissance de cette production et les liens qu’elle révèle entre la presse et l’édition dans la France des années 1908 à 1945, cet article tente une cartographie de la littérature aéronautique documentaire. Celle-ci s’intéresse principalement, d’une part, aux profils-types, aux trajectoires et aux réseaux sociaux des médiateurs (écrivains, journalistes et aviateurs), et, d’autre part, aux lieux éditoriaux qu’ils investissent, notamment les collections thématiques et spécialisées. De ce recensement émerge le rôle de la ligne idéologique et des réseaux politiques d’extrême-droite chez les éditeurs (Baudinière et les Nouvelles Éditions latines) qui ont le plus investi la littérature aéronautique.
Les représentations sociales de la démocratie : réflexivité, effervescence et conflit
Authors: Gingras1 Anne-Marie , Dudas Adriana , Paquin Magali , Foisy2 Marc
Published: May 2017

Cet article porte sur la « démocratie sociale », un concept qui ressort avec force dans notre recherche sur les représentations sociales sur la démocratie. Nous avons interviewé 110 personnes ayant accès à l’espace public dans le but de saisir leur compréhension de la démocratie, de ses diverses dimensions et des principaux enjeux qui l’affectent. La démocratie sociale, ou démocratie comme état de société, s’oppose à la démocratie institutionnelle (pratiques politiques institutionnelles et État de droit) à l’égard de laquelle les critiques abondent. La démocratie sociale comporte deux volets : d’une part, l’insistance sur l’effervescence et la réflexivité qui s’incarnent dans l’organisation collective et dans le débat et la communication et, d’autre part, l’assimilation de la démocratie au conflit qui est pensé en termes de normalité et de processus. Cependant, la démocratie sociale a besoin d’un acteur, le citoyen, qui, comme le montrent les travaux en sciences sociales depuis des décennies, ne répond pas à l’appel de la construction de la démocratie.
Epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity: how have quantitative mathematical models helped improve our understanding?
Authors: Jolly Mohit Kumar , Tripathi Satyendra C. , Somarelli Jason A. , Hanash Samir M. , Levine Herbert
Published: May 2017

Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of cells to reversibly alter their phenotypes in response to signals, presents a significant clinical challenge to treating solid tumors. Tumor cells utilize phenotypic plasticity to evade therapies, metastasize, and colonize distant organs. As a result, phenotypic plasticity can accelerate tumor progression. A well‐studied example of phenotypic plasticity is the bidirectional conversions among epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype(s). These conversions can alter a repertoire of cellular traits associated with multiple hallmarks of cancer, such as metabolism, immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis. To tackle the complexity and heterogeneity of these transitions, mathematical models have been developed that seek to capture the experimentally verified molecular mechanisms and act as ‘hypothesis‐generating machines’. Here, we discuss how these quantitative mathematical models have helped us explain existing experimental data, guided further experiments, and provided an improved conceptual framework for understanding how multiple intracellular and extracellular signals can drive E/M plasticity at both the single‐cell and population levels. We also discuss the implications of this plasticity in driving multiple aggressive facets of tumor progression.
Effects of Phase Content and Evolution on the Mechanical Properties of Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 and Mg93.1Y2.5Zn2.5Ti1.6Zr0.3 Alloys Containing LPSO and W Phases
Authors: Wu Shouzhong , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Jinshan , Xu Chunxiang , Niu Xiaofeng , Liu Wei
Published: May 2017

The effects of phase content and evolution on mechanical properties of the alloys are investigated by extruding Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 and Mg93.1Y2.5Zn2.5Ti1.6Zr0.3 alloys with different original microstructures. The 18R‐LPSO phase plays a decisive role in the strength of as‐extruded alloys. The spherical W‐MgYZn2 phase enhances the deformability and ductility of the alloys. The dynamic recrystallization grains can be observed in all as‐extruded alloys. However, the 14H‐LPSO clusters and dynamic precipitates only form in the as‐cast and T41‐treated (solid‐solution treatment at 530 °C for 3 h with water cooling) alloys after extrusion. Based on synergistic effects of these phases mentioned above, the T41‐treated Mg93.1Y2.5Zn2.5Ti1.6Zr0.3 alloy exhibits good compressive mechanical properties after extrusion.
Hierarchically Enhanced Impact Resistance of Bioinspired Composites
Authors: Gu Grace X. , Takaffoli Mahdi , Buehler Markus J.
Published: May 2017

An order of magnitude tougher than nacre, conch shells are known for being one of the toughest body armors in nature. However, the complexity of the conch shell architecture creates a barrier to emulating its cross‐lamellar structure in synthetic materials. Here, a 3D biomimetic conch shell prototype is presented, which can replicate the crack arresting mechanisms embedded in the natural architecture. Through an integrated approach combining simulation, additive manufacturing, and drop tower testing, the function of hierarchy in conch shell's multiscale microarchitectures is explicated. The results show that adding the second level of cross‐lamellar hierarchy can boost impact performance by 70% and 85% compared to a single‐level hierarchy and the stiff constituent, respectively. The overarching mechanism responsible for the impact resistance of conch shell is the generation of pathways for crack deviation, which can be generalized to the design of future protective apparatus such as helmets and body armor.
Wavelength‐Tunability and Multiband Emission from Single‐Site Mn2+ Doped CaO Through Antiferromagnetic Coupling and Tailored Superexchange Reactions
Authors: Song Enhai , Wang Jinliang , Ye Shi , Yang Xiao‐Bao , Peng Mingying , Zhang Qinyuan , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: May 2017

In modern phosphor materials, in contrast to single‐band emission, simultaneous photoluminescence through two or more emission bands enables broad and tailorable emission color, but requires fine control of activator precipitation on specific crystallographic sites. This presents a major obstacle in the design of tunable emitters, since dedicated control of site occupancy is rarely possible. Here, a new paradigm of tunability is considered, which overcomes this limitation. It is demonstrated in CaO:Mn2+ that single‐ and dual‐band emission can be generated by involving only a single type of crystallographic sites. This enables tailoring of the emission color alone through dopant concentration. The two emission bands exhibit different spectral, dynamic, and thermal characteristics, but very similar excitation spectra. While the variations in thermal quenching provide a tool for tunability, the variations in decay behavior suggest interesting potential for lifetime‐multiplexing and coding. Energy transfer is observed between the two emission bands, using time‐resolved emission spectra. From the analysis of crystal structure, spectral data, electron paramagnetic resonance analyses, and density functional theory calculations analyses, it is found that the emission bands at ≈600 and 660 nm originate from isolated Mn2+ ions and superexchange reactions in Mn2+
Mn2+ dimers, respectively.
1D π‐d Conjugated Coordination Polymers for Multilevel Memory of Long‐Term and High‐Temperature Stability
Authors: Cheng Xue‐Feng , Shi Er‐Bo , Hou Xiang , Shu Jie , He Jing‐Hui , Li Hua , Xu Qing‐Feng , Li Na‐Jun , Chen Dong‐Yun , Lu Jian‐Mei
Published: May 2017

Ternary resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices are fabricated from 1D d‐π conjugated coordination polymer chains, which are synthesized via the coordination between Ni(II) salts and benzenetetramine or 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetramine in a solution process. The as‐fabricated devices can retain their memory states for as long as three months at room temperature or work for at least 10 000 s at 150 °C, which is the highest working temperature reported for a ternary RRAM at the time of writing this paper. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates good thermal stability of these two materials because of their good crystallinity and strong intermolecular interaction. The long‐term and high‐temperature stability makes 1D conjugated coordination polymer chains a promising candidate for use as next‐generation material for high‐density data storage via RRAM techniques.
Boosting attribute recognition with latent topics by matrix factorization
Authors: Su Zhuo , Li Donghui , Li Hanhui , Luo Xiaonan
Published: May 2017

Attribute‐based approaches have recently attracted much attention in visual recognition tasks. These approaches describe images by using semantic attributes as the mid‐level feature. However, low recognition accuracy becomes the biggest barrier that limits their practical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel framework termed Boosting Attribute Recognition (BAR) for the image recognition task. Our framework stems from matrix factorization, and can explore latent relationships from the aspect of attribute and image simultaneously. Furthermore, to apply our framework in large‐scale visual recognition tasks, we present both offline and online learning implementation of the proposed framework. Extensive experiments on 3 data sets demonstrate that our framework achieves a sound accuracy of attribute recognition.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Day Dosing Studies to Investigate High‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Epelsiban and Its Metabolite, GSK2395448, in Healthy Female Volunteers
Authors: Mahar Kelly M. , Enslin Mary Beth , Gress Angie , Amrine‐Madsen Heather , Cooper Melisa
Published: May 2017

Open‐label single‐ and double‐blind repeat‐dose studies in healthy female volunteers were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety/tolerability of epelsiban total daily doses ranging from 600 to 900 mg. In 1 study (n = 12), epelsiban was dosed at 300 or 450 mg twice daily (every 12 hours) for a single day. In the repeat‐dose double‐blind study, epelsiban and placebo were administered to 31 subjects as 200 mg 3 times daily, 300 mg 3 times daily (TID), or 450 mg twice daily (BID) for 14 days. After both single and 14 daily repeat doses, the PK profiles for epelsiban and its metabolite, GSK2395448, remained linear at all administered doses. The exposures at a given total daily dose were also similar between BID and TID dosing regimens. Exposure (AUC0–τ), based on dosing intervals, for both epelsiban and GSK2395448 was similar. However, compared with morning dosing, Cmax was lower after evening dosing, possibly because of a food effect. The highest accumulation of epelsiban and GSK2395448 exposures (AUC0–τ) was approximately 34% for each after repeat dosing, consistent with the short half‐life. At total daily doses of 600 and 900 mg, epelsiban was generally well tolerated, and there were no significant safety concerns identified.