bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sunshine induced placebo effect in major depressive disorder patients exhibits gender differences
Authors: Gailledreau J. , Gailledreau B. , Desbonnet P. , Khalifa Soussan P. , Desbonnet N. , Becque S.
Published: May 2016

Rationale

Sunshine increases placebo effect in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (Gailledreau et al., 2015). Kokras et al. (2014) showed that sunshine induces different responses in female than male mice in preclinical models of depression.

Objective

To determine whetehr the sunshine induced placebo effect exhibits gender differences in human.

Materiel and methods

Data from 9 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of antidepressants conducted by the French GICIPI network were reviewed. MADRS (5) or HAM-D 17 (4) were used as the main efficacy tool. For each patient, variation of scores (Delta MADRS/Delta HAM-D) between two consecutive visits were correlated with the average sunshine index observed at noon between these visits. Sunshine indexes were provided by Météo-France. Correlations were computed with Microsoft Excel.

Results

Analysis of both genders (n = 52) showed no statistically significant (NS) correlation (r2 = 0.0064) between sunshine and score variations. Analysis of males (n = 8) failed to demonstrate any significant correlation in cloudy (< 1000 Joules/cm2), variable (1000–2000 Joules/cm2) or sunny (> 2000 Joules/cm2) weather. Analysis of females (n = 44) showed NS correlation as well for cloudy or variable weather (r2 = 0.0016), but a strong correlation was observed for females exposed to sunny weather: r2 = 0, 315, n = 20, P < 0.01. This correlation was even stronger in the subpopulation of females aged less than 50 years: r2 = 0.6398, n = 12, P < 0.001.

Discussion

The hypothesis underlying this correlation between sunshine index and variations of MADRS/HAMD scales will be discussed.

Conclusion

Sunshine increases placebo effect in female patients aged less than 50. This insufficiently known effect may be responsible for failure of a number of double-blind, randomized, studies of antidepressant compounds.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depressive symptomatology and learning: Does intermediate testing or restudying the information determine long-term memory retrieval of novel symbols?
Authors: Giannouli V.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

There is a hypothesis in cognitive psychology that long-term memory retrieval is improved by intermediate testing than by restudying the information. The effect of testing has been investigated with the use of a variety of stimuli. However, almost all testing effect studies to date have used purely verbal materials such as word pairs, facts and prose passages.

Objective

Here byzantine music symbol–word pairs were used as to-be-learned materials to demonstrate the generalisability of the testing effect to symbol learning in participants with and without depressive symptoms.

Method

Fifty healthy (24 women, M age = 26.20, SD = 5.64) and forty volunteers with high depressive symptomatology (20 women, M age = 27.00, SD = 1.04) were examined. The participants did not have a music education. The examination material was completely new for them: 16 byzantine music notation stimuli, paired with a verbal label (the ancient Greek name of the symbol). Half of the participants underwent intermediate testing and the others restudied the information in a balanced design.

Results

Results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in final memory test performance after a retention interval of 5 minutes for both groups of participants with low and high level depressive symptomatology (P > 0.005). After a retention interval of a week, tested pairs were retained better than repeatedly studied pairs for high and low depressive symptomatology groups (P < 0.005).

Conclusions

This research suggests that the effect of testing time on later memory retrieval can also be obtained in byzantine symbol learning.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antidepressant efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine in daily practice in Switzerland
Authors: Guido B. , Edith H.T.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

The antidepressant efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine, MT1/MT2 agonist and 5-HT2C antagonist, has been proven in clinical trials. Non interventional studies give the opportunity to evaluate these properties in real life.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine in depressed outpatients in Switzerland.

Methods

Non-interventional study in 934 depressed (51.2% severely) patients given 25–50 mg agomelatine for 12 and 24 weeks. Main endpoints were change in MADRS score, and response (≥50% reduction in total score) and remission (MADRS ≤12) rates. CGI was also assessed. Reported adverse drug reactions, sexual dysfunction, and weight changes were recorded. Liver function tests were performed according to the summary of product characteristics.

Results

MADRS total score decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) from baseline (29.5 ± 8.9) to weeks 12 (12.8 ± 9.6) and 24 (9.7 ± 8.6). Responder rate was 66.8% and 78.3% and remission rate 54.2% and 70.2% at weeks 12 and 24, respectively. Results corroborated by CGI scores, were similar for severely depressed patients. Early improvers (MADRS ≥ 20% reduction after 2 weeks; 461 patients) had the highest responder and remission rates. Agomelatine was well tolerated and no relevant weight changes or deleterious sexual function was reported. Ten patients had ALT/AST>3ULN, thereof 2 without baseline and one with elevated baseline. Most physicians rated the efficacy and tolerance of agomelatine as “good or very good”.

Conclusion

Long-term agomelatine treatment improved mood symptoms of depressed patients with high levels of response and remission and a favorable tolerance profile.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression and its correlation with the risk of cardiovascular mortality in primary care population in Latvia
Authors: Ivanovs R. , Trapencieris M. , Vrublevska J. , Logins R. , Berze L. , Rancans E.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Depression is one of several preventable causes of disability worldwide, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being the largest cause of disability. Depression has been confirmed as a risk factor for CHD.

Objectives

Few studies tried to find an interrelation between depression and a risk of cardiovascular mortality according to systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) chart.

Aims

The aim of study was to examine the correlation of depression with the risk of cardiovascular mortality (SCORE).

Methods

Study was conducted in 2015 within the framework of National Research Programme BIOMEDICINE. All patients aged 18 and older at 24 primary care facilities were interviewed with a sociodemographic questionnaire supplemented by measurements of blood pressure and total cholesterol. Within 2 weeks after the visit psychiatrist administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) by telephone. SCORE was assessed using high risk chart.

Results

Totally 920 patients age 40–69 were included in the data analysis. According to the MINI 9.3%(95%CI 7.5–11.5%) of 40–69 years old patients had current depression. Current depression was more common among women than men, 10.4% and 6.8%, respectively. The prevalence of current depression was highest among patients with SCORE 3–4%. Multivariate logistic regression did not suggest statistically significant odds ratio for having depression based on SCORE.

Conclusions

Only one of the measurements used for SCORE (smoking status) was significant predictor for having current depression, while systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were not significant predictors for depression. As pharmacotherapies for reducing blood pressure and cholesterol are widely used by patients further research should include use of these medicines as potential mediators.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Group interpersonal psychotherapy for maternal depression an exploratory randomized control trial
Authors: Nusrat H. , Zehra N. , Amir B. , Nasim C. , tayyeba K. , Shehla Z. , Batool F. , Meher H. , Farooq N.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

The global burden of depression is high for women in both high income and low-and-middle income countries WHO. Depression is particularly common during pregnancy and in the postnatal period and phenomenology said to be the same as in non-child bearing age. Despite high prevalence of prenatal and postnatal depression in Pakistan, research on the effectiveness of psychological interventions is limited.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) intervention for maternal depression in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

A total of 50 mothers aged 18 years and above with children below 3 years of age, and experiencing mild to moderate depression were recruited. Assessments were done using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and EuroQol-5D at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and EQ-5D were also used to measure self-esteem and health related quality of life. Participants were randomly assigned into IPT plus treatment as usual (TAU) and TAU groups. Ten sessions of group IPT were delivered to intervention group.

Results

Results indicated significant difference between intervention and control group on EPDS. The mean score at baseline for the IPT group (mean = 14.76) reduced to (mean = 6.40) (P < 0.000) at 3-month and to (mean = 6.64) (P < 0.001) at 6-month intervals as compared to TAU (mean = 11.44) (P < 0.000) at 3-month and to (mean = 11.08) at 6-month (P < 0.001) after randomisation.

Conclusion

IPT is a successful fit for women with maternal depression in low-income areas and IPT can be the appropriate treatment option as it is time limited, specific, and evidence based.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Initial usability and feasibility evaluation of the SIMPLe Smartphone application to monitor and psychoeducate bipolar patients
Authors: Hidalgo-Mazzei D. , Reinares M. , Mateu A. , Murru A. , Bonnín C.D.M. , Vieta E. , Colom F.
Published: May 2016

Background

The SIMPLe project was designed with the aim of developing a smartphone application (i.e. app) to monitor and psychoeducate subjects with bipolar disorder through highly personalized messages from both passive and active data. The project was based on a face-to-face group program, which has an increasing scientific evidence of its efficacy and cost-effectiveness reducing bipolar disorder relapses.

Aims

An initial feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the usability and satisfaction of an Android version of the SIMPLe app 1.0.

Methods

The SIMPLe feasibility study was conducted from March 2015 to June 2015. The participation in the study was offered to a consecutive sample of adult patients diagnosed of bipolar disorder I, II or NOS (not otherwise specified) attending the outpatient mental health clinic of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.

Results

The participation in the study was offered to 72 stable bipolar patients. Forty-three subjects were enrolled in the study. Since the day the patients were enrolled in the study, the rate of completed tests was 0.74 per day and 1.13 per week. Nine emergency alerts were received through the application and notified to the reference patients’ psychiatrists. Ninety-five percent of the initial participants remained actively using the app and no relapses were identified during the 3 months of the study.

Conclusion

These preliminary results suggest a high feasibility of the SIMPLE app based on the rates of tasks completed and retention.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence and risk factors of peripartum depressive symptoms among South Korean women – Preliminary data of a large prospective study
Authors: Lee S.Y. , Ryu H.M.
Published: May 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess period prevalence and risk factors of peripartum depression in South Korean women.

Methods

Two thousand four hundred and forty-nine women in their first trimester of pregnancy were recruited, 1355 women were followed to the end of the study (1 month after delivery), 423 women are before the 1 month after delivery, 671 were dropped out. There were four time points of assessment – 12, 24, 36 weeks of gestation and 1 month after delivery. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated Korean version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Risk factors were assessed across the demographic features, past histories, obstetric histories, and psychological status.

Results

The prevalence of peripartum depressive symptoms (above 10 points of K-EPDS) was found to be 18.8% at 1st trimester, 12.9% at 2nd trimester, 12.6% at 3rd trimester, and 15.7% at 1 month after delivery. Identified risk factors of depression at 1st trimester were unmarried status, employed status, low family income, familial history and past history of depression, multigravida, unplanned pregnancy, hyperemesis, and threatened abortion. In psychological aspects, higher distress, lower marriage satisfaction, and lower quality of life increased the risk of depression. The analyses to identify risk factors of postpartum depression will be performed after the deliveries of recruited mothers are complete.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of mothers suffered from peripartum depression from their early pregnancy in Seoul, Korea. Intervention based on identified risk factors would be recommended to help depressive pregnant mothers.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Civilization syndrome. New diagnosis and new therapeutic approach
Authors: Łoza B. , Polikowska M.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Although the relationship between the content of stress and serious diseases, such as depression is not so obvious, underlying mechanisms encouraging more and more authors to define a ‘civilization syndrome’ as a link between our modern lifestyle, the civilization we live and psychosocial health problems. With regard to the ‘civilization syndrome’, there are several new candidates that have been spotted as the challenges for psychiatric research, like burnout, infertility and solitude. All these phenomena seem to increase epidemically and require urgent conceptual and therapeutic studies.

Aim

. The program was addressed to three groups of patients with burnout, infertility, and social relationship/loneliness crisis.

Method

Using the new stress reduction program (SRP), engaging both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approach, and also several lifestyle factors, like physiotherapy, nutrition aspects, coaching, social media contact and monitoring, most of patients improved in terms of emotional and behavioral markers, in short- and long-term (4–6 months) observations.

Material

Patients and clients (N43) with F3.x-F4.x disorders according to ICD-10.

Results

A variety of PRS scales were used to assess patients’ improvement outcomes. Significant reductions (4–6 months) were observed at Maslach Burnout Inventory (–23.4%, P = 0.000), Fertility Problem Inventory (–34.5%, P = 0.000), UCLA Loneliness Scale, ver. 3 (–43.3%, P = 0.000), and Perceived Stress Scale (44.0%, P = 0.000).

Discussion

This program interplays between stress and mental health problems and opens up new possibilities for diagnosis and therapy, focusing on the challenges of civilization, and especially opens up preventive options in stress-related problems and diseases, which represent a growing health burdens in modern society.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of self-compassion in lifetime history of depression: A study in Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Bento E. , Xavier S. , Azevedo J. , Marques M. , Soares M.J. , Martins M.J. , Castilho P. , Madeira N. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Although self-compassion has been pointed as an effective strategy for coping with depression, there are not any studies investigating its association with lifetime history of depression (LTHD).

Objective

To compare self-compassion levels in pregnant women with vs. without LTHD and to analyze if self-compassion dimensions are significant predictors of LTHD.

Methods

Four hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women with a mean age of 33 years (±4.785) in their second trimester of pregnancy completed the Self Compassion Scale validated for pregnancy (SCS; Bento et al., 2015) and a new self-report questionnaire to evaluate the presence of LTHD according to DSM-5 criteria for depression.

Results

Ninety-seven (23.0%) women had LTHD. Bisserial Spearmen correlations between LTHD and SCS total score were significant, negative and moderate (r = –0.31). SCS subscales, except Common Humanity, showed significant correlations: Self-Kindness/SK (r = –0.130), self-judgement (SJ) (0.313), isolation (0.357), mindfulness (r = –0.102), over-identification (OI) (r = 0.393). Independent sample t tests revealed that women with vs. without LTHD had significantly lower levels of total SCS, SK and Mindfulness scores and higher levels of SJ, Isolation and OI.Logistic regression (assumptions were fulfilled, Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007) showed that the SCS explained 26.7%–43.6% of the LTHD variance and correctly classified 86.9%; the odds ratio (OR) was.865 (95% CI 0.834–0.898; P < 0.001). The model composed by the correlated dimensions explained 15.9%–24.0% and correctly classified 80.6%. Odds ratios: SK = 0.017; SJ = 0.021; isolation = 16.027; mindfulness = 0.167 and OI = 20.178 (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Self-compassion, specifically the ability to treat oneself with care and understanding and to be aware and accepting one's present-moment experiences, decrease the probability of having LTHD.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Premorbid temperament as a predictor for remission in depression
Authors: Miettunen J. , Marttila R. , Rautio N. , Roivainen E. , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. , Ala-Mursula L. , Auvinen J. , Timonen M.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Personality traits have been associated with risk for depressive disorders. Studies with premorbid measures on personality are uncommon.

Objective

Estimate effect of premorbid personality as a predictor for remission in depressive disorders.

Aim

To study premorbid personality as a predictor for remission in depression in a population based sample.

Methods

The sample is based on the large Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Temperament traits were measured at age 31 years using the Temperament and Character Inventory. At the age of 46 years depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI). The sample included those with self-reported life-time depression history at age 46 years but not yet at age 31 years (n = 298). Temperament at age 31 years was used to predict remission (BDI≤13) at age 46 years using logistic regression analysis, with gender and educational level as confounders. Cohen's d was used as effect size measure.

Results

Two hundred and one (67.4%) of individuals with self-reported depression were on remission at the follow-up. Low harm avoidance (total scale, and subscales anticipatory worry, shyness, and fatigability), low impulsiveness and high exploratory excitability (subscales of novelty seeking), and low sentimentality (subscale of reward dependence) predicted significantly remission with effect sizes between 0.28 and 0.45, highest effect being in harm avoidance.

Conclusions

Different temperament traits were able to predict remission status in depression. Effect sizes were between small and moderate. Temperament may associate with treatment response in depression.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence Of Depressive Disorders In Andalusia: Results From The Pisma-ep Study
Authors: Porras Segovia A. , Aguado Bailón L. , Gutiérrez Martínez B. , Cervilla Ballesteros J.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Depressive disorders are the most prevalent mental diseases and they cause a major impact in our society.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to establish the prevalence of depressive disorders in Andalusia.

Aims

The aim is to provide useful information regarding this prevalent and disabling condition, in order to contribute to its prevention and treatment.

Methods

Our results proceed from the PISMA-ep study, undertook in Andalusia. In this cross-sectional community based study, 4507 participants between 18 and 75 years of age were interviewed by fully trained professionals. The main diagnostic tool was the Spanish version of the MINI Neuropsychiatric International Interview.

Results

Our sample consists of 4507 participants. 50.9% of them were females. Mean age was 42.8 years. The estimated one-month prevalence of any mood disorder was 7.9% (7.1–8.6). The estimated one-month prevalence of major depression was 6, 4% (5.6–7.1). The prevalence of the other measured depressive disorders were as follows: Recurrent depressive episode: 3.7% (3.2–4.3), Melancholic depression: 3% (2.5–3.5), Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms: 1.4% (1.1–1.8).

Conclusions

The PISMA-ep is the first large mental health epidemiological study ever developed in the largest region of Spain. The results obtained in this region show a higher prevalence of depressive disorders in Andalusia, when compared with prior studies that used a nationally representative sample (i.e. the ESEMeD study). The reasons for this higher prevalence are yet to be explored.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Contribution Of Night Eating Syndrome To The Evolution Of Anorexia Nervosa – Case Report
Authors: Coutinho F. , Brandão I.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Night Eating Syndrome (NES) was described in 1955 in a subset of patients resistant to weight loss. It is characterized by morning anorexia, evening hyperfagia and sleep disturbances. It is also more prevalent among patients with another eating disorder (ED), particularly binge-eating disorder (BED) or bulimia nervosa (BN).

Objective

Review of the literature about the relationship between NES and another EDs and to present a case report of a patient with a long-standing purgative anorexia nervosa (AN-BP) and comorbid NES.

Methods

review of the literature using the database Medline through Pubmed, with the keywords: “night eating syndrome” and “eating disorder”.

Results

NES is highly prevalent among patients with EDs, with an estimated prevalence of about 5–44%. However, most of the existent literature explores the relationship between NES and BED or BN, and it is not consensual if NES is a subtype of another ED. There is still scarce evidence about NES and AN comorbidity.

Conclusion

In this case report, we present a patient with a history of AN-BP, in which the recovery of lost weight and the increase of body mass index (BMI) occurred simultaneously with a period of worsening NES symptoms, which leads the authors to question if the psychopathology of NES has contributed to the recovery of BMI at the expense of maintaining a dysfunctional eating pattern.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Clinical Case Of a Patient With Anorexia Nervosa And Bizarre Behavior
Authors: Fonseca A. , Poças A. , Melim J. , Araújo R.
Published: May 2016

Eating disorders (EDs) are mental illnesses, defined by abnormal eating habits. EDs are chronic, severe and difficult to treat, and cause psychological, social and physical consequences. It occurs predominantly in adolescents and young adults women (around 90%), causing severely disability, major biopsychosocial losses, and high morbidity and mortality. EDs are considered by WHO as a public health problem, affecting different ages, genres, times, regions and contexts.

Objective

Case report of a patient with Anorexia Nervosa and bizarre behavior.

Methods

Clinical observation in hospital.

Results

Woman with 43 years old, with a peace of 65 years, who was hospitalized in Psychiatric Service – Eating Disorders, in August 2015, because of its extreme thinness, with difficulty to walk and with severe edema of the feet, ankles and legs. At the entrance, she weighed 29 kg, after 4 days her weight reduced to 23 kg, reaching a BMI of 8.5 kg/m2. In the first week, she showed a high cognitive impairment, confusional state and detailed and ruminative speech about food. She had developed multiple techniques to hide food and to hide and take dietary supplements for weight loss. Furthermore, she had a bizarre behavior and marked social isolation, not interacting with other patients.

Conclusion

Although the low prevalence of EDs, these have a high morbidity, and are one of the psychiatric disorders that most often leads to a fatal outcome. Treatment is lengthy and cumbersome, requiring serious investments under the personal point of view, family and clinical, yet still, these patients can have a full life and quality.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence Of Orthorexia Nervosa Among Polish Adolescents – Assessment Made By The Orto-15 Questionnaire
Authors: Hyrnik J. , Janas-Kozik M. , Stochel M. , Jelonek I. , Siwiec A. , Krysta K. , Rybakowski J.K.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an excessive fixation on the consumption of healthy food and an obsession with its biological purity. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ON in a population of Polish urban adolescents and some possible contributory factors.

Method

Validation and adaptation of the ORTO-15 Questionnaire was made in the group of 399 participants (15–21 years old). The validation procedure incorporated three basic methods to be applied in the reliability analysis. The reliability analysis of the ORTO-15 Questionnaire based on repeatability of the responses presents a very good (kappa: 0.81–1.00 for 5 items) and a good repeatability (kappa: 0.61–0.80 for 10 items). The reliability analysis based on the value of the Cronbach's α reached a satisfactory level (0.7–0.9). The ORTO-15 questionnaire was considered a reliable tool to identify the risk of ON in population studies in the group of urban youth aged 15–21. Assessment was made among 1899 high school students, 992 girls, and 907 boys, aged 15–21 years.

Results

The mean value of the ORTO-15 was 39.2 ± 3.6 points, with no sex difference. The main factors connected with orthorexia, according to the “Orthorexia 35” definition were excess weight, sporting activities, out-of-school activities, smoking status, working parents and a high family income.

Conclusions

This study, of a large number of adolescents, showed a prevalence of ON similar to that recorded in adult populations. This is a first assessment of orthorexia among adolescent population.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Disordered Eating Behaviors, Perfectionism And Perseverative Negative Thinking–study In a Clinical Sample
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Monteiro E. , Castilho P. , Fonseca L. , Roque C. , Marques M. , Xavier S. , Macedo A.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

In a recent study developed with a community sample, we have found that although PNT mediated the relationship between perfectionist cognitions and bulimic behavior, the effect of perfectionism on other disordered eating dimensions, such as diet, was independent of the PNT levels (Monteiro et al., 2015).

Objective

To investigate if PNT mediates the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating behaviors in a clinical sample.

Methods

Fifty-two patients with eating disorders/ED (mean age = 22.54 ± 7.637; mean BMI = 20.07 ± 4.192; 14.5% Anorexia Nervosa cases; 7.8% Bulimia Nervosa and 9.0% EDNOS) were assessed with the ED section of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and fill in the Portuguese validated versions of Eating Attitudes Test/EAT-25 (to evaluate Bulimic behaviors/BB, Diet and Social pressure to eat), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales (to evaluate perfectionism composite dimensions Evaluative Concerns/EC and Perfectionistic Strivings/PS) and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire/PTQ-15 (to evaluate Repetitive Thought/RT, Cognitive interference and unproductiveness/CIU). Only variables significantly correlated with the outcomes (EAT-25_Total and its dimensions) were entered in the regression models. Mediation analyses using Preacher and Hayes bootstrapping methodology were performed.

Results

EC, PS, CIU and RT were significant predictors of EAT_Total. PA, CIU and PR were significant predictors of BB. EC and PS were significant predictors of Diet. CIU partially mediated the relationship between EC and EAT_Total (95% CI = 0.0025–0.3296) and between EC and BB (95% CI = 0.0037–0.1877).

Conclusion

Also in a clinical sample, CII, the most pernicious dimension of PNT, mediates the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating behavior, particularly bulimic behavior; diet is predicted by perfectionism independently of PNT.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluation Of Psychiatry Attachment On Medical Students’ Attitude To Mental Illness
Authors: Oliver C. , Adekunte O. , Owen B.
Published: May 2016

Background

Mental illness is subject to stigma, discrimination and prejudice by both healthcare professionals and public. Fortunately, students are still flexible in their beliefs and there is evidence that education in psychiatry may help to positively alter these beliefs. This survey looks into how psychiatry placement positively influences attitudes of medical students to mental illness.

Aims

To elicit the effect of clinical attachment in psychiatry on 3rd year medical students’ attitudes toward mental illness.

Methods

Questionnaires were administered to four cohorts of students pre- and post-attachment. Responses were anonymised. Responses were based on Yes/No, free text, order of preference and Likert scale. Analysis was with basic statistical analysis.

Results

Ninety-eight pre- and 81 post-placement students responded. There was a 4% increase in mean positive attitude scores following the placement. There was no significant difference in the medical students’ attitudes to violence in mental illness and that patients with mental illness do not want you to help them. Students post-attachment were more likely to disagree with the statement, ‘Psychiatric patients are difficult to like’. However, 6% more students agreed with the statement ‘Alcohol abusers have no self-control’ after the placement!

Conclusions and recommendation

Following the 4-week attachments, the percentage of students reporting more positive attitudes to mental illness showed only a marginal increase. A possible explanation may be insufficient contacts with patients and a feeling of not been part of the treating team.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Quality Improvement Initiative – Increasing Cardiometabolic Risk Screening In Adult Outpatient Psychiatry Clinics
Authors: Gunturu S. , Lawler S.
Published: May 2016

In the USA, People with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) die 25 years earlier than the general population! Sixty percent of the increased mortality is due to cardiovascular disease. In NYS, type 2 diabetes is twice as common in people with mental illness on Medicaid compared to the general Medicaid population. In a study of over 10,000 clients with schizophrenia or depression, 52% had metabolic syndrome, and 92% had at least one risk factor. Forty-three percent of clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) participants had metabolic syndrome on enrollment.

In this quality improvement project, we worked on 3348 adult outpatient psychiatry patients, used techniques like FOCUS-PDCA, brain storming, root cause analysis to address cardiometabolic risk screening and reducing the risk among these patients. We used interventions like prescriber and patient education, streamlining the cardiovascular screening process in the clinic and multidisciplinary team discussions. We collected and analyzed data regarding clinical characteristics of such patients before and after the clinical interventions. HEDIS scores were used to measure the outcomes of the project.

In this talk, we want to discuss about quality improvement projects – the methods and processes involved. Also, we wanted to give a glimpse of our project – the plan, work flow processing and the data.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Lessons Learned from Leading a Canadian Psychotherapy Medical Education Program
Authors: Radu G. , Harris N. , Harris G.E.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Under Canadian training requirements, psychiatry residents must demonstrate proficiency in various psychotherapy modalities such as cognitive behavior therapy and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.

Objective

Building from an earlier case study of the development of a comprehensive psychotherapy education program, the current presentation explores lessons learned from the ongoing delivery of this program to psychiatrists in training. Innovative strategies, opportunities, challenges and current outcomes on the delivery of this program are explored through a case study framework. The design, implementation and ongoing operation of the psychotherapy education program are based on the Royal College of Physicians of Canada specialty training requirements in psychiatry.

Methods

In the context of the case study framework, a Canadian psychotherapy training program for psychiatrists in training is analysed. The psychotherapy education model is designed and operated to offer a gradual and integrated educational and clinical experience in psychotherapy over four years of training.

Results

The psychotherapy education program was investigated to explore new frameworks and innovative strategies of delivery and operation. Among the lessons learned were the need to maintain formally structured, modality specific teaching and supervision, video recording of sessions in supervision, provision of additional protected psychotherapy time, access to online training resources and utilization of non-physician mental health experts.

Conclusions

This presentation will investigate the ongoing insights emerging from managing delivery of different psychotherapy competencies to psychiatrists in training in a Royal College of Physicians of Canada accredited program. Implications for training, practice and future research will be discussed.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Scientific Research Providing Behavioral Support For Teachers On The Modification Of Inadequate Behavior Among Adolescents Enrolled In a Language Course In Brazil
Authors: Montagni B. , Varanda C.
Published: May 2016

Education can benefit from psychological research concerning students’ behavioral problems in order to provide teachers information on how to handle those behavioral issues, since those can predict late psychiatric disorders and interfere negatively with academic achievement. This research investigated problem behavior of students (10–12 yrs) of a language course in Brazil. Behavior was investigated through a problem behavior questionnaire considering the potential effects of peer and teacher attention. The initial hypotheses that there would be a positive correlation between problem behavior and poor academic performance was partially confirmed once correlation between some items of the problem behavior questionnaire and the performance in academic assessment was found. Among all the 15 elected problem behaviors, most of them appear to have the functionality of gaining peer attention and avoiding teacher attention; followed by gaining both teacher and peer attention and gaining teacher attention. These results were used as parameters for the suggestion of positive behavioral support, which contributed to an improved academic performance and to behavioral changes among the students. There was an increase of one point in the academic performance and reduction of 27.8% of the emission of deviant behavior. Nevertheless, a teacher training program showed to be necessary for the teachers to learn how to handle adolescent behavioral problems. These results indicate that scientific research should be put at the service of education, especially in developing countries where lack of resources urges health and education policy makers to take into account findings which may impact a child's health and learning.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Gender Differences and Characteristics of Psychiatric Patients assessed in The Emergency Department of a Regional Hospital in Canada
Authors: agyapong V. , Juhas M. , Ritchie a. , Kavanagh a.
Published: May 2016

Background

Epidemiological studies of emergency room (ER) psychiatric settings can help monitor unmet needs and improve the quality of care.

Objectives

To characterize the patients presenting to emergency department with psychiatric complaints in a medium sized health centre in oil sands region of the Northern alberta.

Methods

information on a data assessment tool designed to capture all relevant demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients in the ER was compiled as part of a clinical audit process.

Results

Overall, 477 patients were assessed by the psychiatric team over the 12 month period, comprising 230 (48.2%) males and 247 (51.8%) females. There was a fairly balanced distribution by age, ethnic background, and relationship status between the male and female patients. The majority of patients with a history of self-harm or childhood sexual abuse were female while male patients were significantly more likely to report medication non-compliance. a higher proportion of the female patients had depressive disorders and personality disorders while a higher proportion of male patients had anxiety disorders, bipolar and related disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and substance-related disorders. approximately half of all the patients had an impaired clinical insight. Majority of the patients had a G aF score of 70 or less. Nearly one in five patients were admitted for inpatient treatment with a significantly higher proportion of male patients being admitted involuntarily.

Conclusion

There are sex-specific differences in many of the demographic and clinical measures collected in our ER psychiatric sample.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hyperthyroidism and Psychotic Symptoms: a Case Report
Authors: Benavente López S. , Salgado Borrego N. , arroyave Villa L. , Hernández Durán C. , Muro Fernández de Pinedo E. , García Marín a.P. , Pérez Ordoño L. , Sanz Paloma a.M. , Barbosa Requena R. , Gil Mosquera M. , Bermejo Cabanas N. , Franco Sánchez-Horneros R. , Fernández Marín I. , Rodríguez Miravalles a. , Castro  arias M.L.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Hyperthyroidism may lead to high anxiety status, emotional lability, irritability, overactivity, exaggerated sensitivity to noise, and fluctuating mood, insomnia and hyporexia. in extreme cases, they may appear delusions and hallucinations as psychiatric symptoms.

Case report

we report the case of a 53-year-old female who was diagnosed of hyperthyroidism and generalized anxiety disorder. The patient went to emergency department because of high levels of anxiety, with heart palpitations, trembling, shortness of breath and nausea. She was presenting auditory hallucinations and delusions as psychiatric symptoms. an urgent thyroid profile was made and it was observed the next results: TSH < 0.005; T4:4; T3:21. Due to a severe thyroid malfunction, the patient was admitted and treated with antithyroid agent, improving the psychiatric and somatic symptoms.

Discussion

in this case, a patient diagnosed of hyperthyroidism and generalized anxiety disorder presented very severe psychiatric symptoms, with hallucinations and delusions. These symptoms may be produced by primary psychiatric disorders, but is very important to look for thyroid alterations, because if they are the cause, the acute treatment of thyroid malfunction is the correct management of the patient.

Conclusions

Hyperthyroidism is very common in general population, being infradiagnosed most of times. in patient with anxiety or other psychiatric symptoms, it is very important to make a thyroid function tests before the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. in extreme cases, hyperthyroidism status may lead to severe psychiatric and somatic complications.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A typical Psychosis in Emergency: a Case Review
Authors: Espinosa Benavides a. , Sanahuja Muñoz C.
Published: May 2016

The authors describe the presentation of a case of a typical psychosis in the emergency services, and describe the unusual clinical features of manifestation of psychotic disorders.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Non-compliance in the Emergency Department: Is there a Difference Between Medical and Psychiatric Patient's Reasons and use of the Emergency Department
Authors: Zun L.
Published: May 2016

Background

It is estimated that on average up to 50% of patients are non-compliant with their medication, resulting in 28% emergency room visits costing about $8.5 billion annually.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine, what, if any, differences there are between medical versus psychiatric non-compliant patients with regard to use of the emergency department (ED).

Methods

a random sample of patients who present to the ED for medical or psychiatric illnesses and who state that they were non-compliant with their medicine were given the National Health access Survey. They were asked about sources of medical care, drug compliance and reason for non-compliance.

Results

There were a total of 300 participants in the study. There was no significant difference in the reason both medical and psychiatric patients gave for being non-compliant with their medications that resulted in their ED visit. Each group cited cost as the number one reason for not taking their medication as prescribed. The psychiatric participants who were more likely to get admitted disposition (P = .00), not afford mental health care (P = .01), were not able to get care from other places and used the ED for their psychiatric care (P = .02).

Conclusion

There was no difference between the two populations with regards to their reasons for non-compliance that brought them to the ED. Non-compliance of the psychiatric patients compared to the medical patients lead to a higher admission rate.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
More Women are Medicated While More Men are Talked Out: Persistent Gender Disparities in Mental Health Care
Authors: Joseph P. , Kazanjian A.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Physician incentives have been shown in previous studies to help reduce socioeconomic disparities in health care. Its impact on gender disparities, however, has rarely been investigated.

Aim

The impact of physician incentives on gender disparities in mental health care was investigated in this retrospective study.

Method

De-identified health administrative data from physician claims, hospital separations, vital statistics, prescription database, and insurance plan registries were linked and examined. Monthly cohorts of individuals with depression who were residing in British Columbia, Canada were identified and their use of mental health services tracked for 12 months following receipt of initial diagnosis. indicators that assess receipt of the following services were created:

– counseling/psychotherapy (CP);

– minimally adequate counseling/psychotherapy (MACP);

– antidepressant therapy (AT);

– minimally adequate antidepressant therapy (MAAT).

interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate changes in these indicators before (01/2005–12/2007) and after (01/2008–12/2012) physician incentives were introduced.

Results

At the beginning of the study period, the percentage of individuals diagnosed with depression who received counseling/psychotherapy was higher, on average, among men (CP: 58.4%, MACP: 13.6%) than women (CP: 57.1%, MACP: 10.9%). in contrast, the percentage who received antidepressant therapy was higher among women (AT: 57.7%, MAAT: 47.4%) than men (AT: 53.6%, MAAT: 41.9%). Levels for these indicators have changed over time but the statistically significant differences between men and women were virtually the same before and after incentives were introduced.

Conclusions

Gender disparities in mental health care persist despite the introduction of physician incentives designed to enhance access to mental health services in primary care.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Chemtrails: An Overview of The Phenomenon
Authors: Llanes Álvarez C. , San Roman Uría A. , Nunes Nancabu P. , Ruiz Gippini M. , López Landeiro P. , Franco Martín M.Á.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

The term contrail is a contraction of condensation and trail, as chemtrail is of chemical and trail. The first one is used to name trails left in the sky by aircrafts under certain atmospheric conditions. Some people argue that when contrails do not dissipate quickly is because contain substances added and sprayed for sinister purposes undisclosed to the population (weather modification and biological and/or chemical war are the most common).

Objective

Exist various versions of the chemtrail theory, most of them propagated via the internet in discussions forums or websites, and to a lesser degree by the mass media such as TV and radio programs. The outspread popularity and diffusion of the theory has already become a reality. Scientific community has repeatedly rejected that chemtrails exist, insisting that are just contrails. We analyze this phenomenon.

Methods

We made a exhaustive literature review in Journals of Meteorology and Aviation, about the formation of condensation trails, in Social Pychology Journals about the genesis and dissemination of the chemtrails theory. Finally, we will make a brief presentation of documentation built around the theory of chemtrails in the province of Zamora (Spain), where is one of the most active spots in southern Europe.

Conclusions

official statements on the non-existence of chemtrails have not discouraged the proponents of the theory of chemtrails.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.