bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil de acidentes de trabalho envolvendo profissionais de enfermagem no ambiente da Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Oliveira de Mendonça Ana Elza , Tavares de Oliveira Anna Vanessa , De Souza Neto Vinicius Lino , Rosendo da Silva Richardson Augusto
Published: July 2015

Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo era identificar las características sociodemográficas y el perfil de los accidentes de trabajo entre los 45 enfermeros de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Los datos revelaron un predominio del sexo femenino (80%) en el rango de edad de 29-39 años (51,1%), promedio 34,6 años (± 8,1), el 64,4% de los trabajadores estaban casados, 66.7% eran técnicos de enfermería y ejercían sus funciones en el turno de noche (48,9%). El perfil de los accidentes mostró que la parte lesionada del cuerpo con mayor frecuencia eran los dedos (35,6%), siendo el encapuchado de la aguja el factor desencadenante (48,8%). Se concluye que los enfermeros estuvieron expuestos a riesgos laborales, siendo el perfil de los accidentes relacionados con el manejo de materiales perforantes y cortantes. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad y ofrecen subvenciones para que se implanten programas de formación dirigidos al personal de enfermería.
Enunciados sobre la atención domiciliaria en el panorama mundial: revisión narrativa
Authors: Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , Kruse Maria Henriqueta Luce , Sartor Silvia Francine , Echevarría-Guanilo Maria Elena
Published: July 2015

Se objetivó conocer las definiciones e implicaciones de la atención domiciliaria abordadas en artículos científicos. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica, revisión narrativa. La búsqueda fue realizada en la base de datos National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PUBMED), en diciembre de 2012. Los descriptores Mesh Database utilizados fueron: home care services; patient care team; homebound persons y caregiver. Fueron encontrados 2244 publicaciones. El proceso de inclusión y exclusión se dividió en dos etapas: la primera fue la lectura de los títulos y resúmenes para verificación del tema abordado “atención domiciliaria”, siendo seleccionados 253 títulos y resúmenes. La segunda fue el llenado del cuadro de informaciones elaborado en el programa Microsoft Excel 2007, siendo concluida con 209 resúmenes. Para el análisis en la integra, 72 artículos fueron seleccionados para análisis de contenido e identificación de los enunciados. Fueron elaboradas tres categorías enunciativas: Atención domiciliaria: ¿Qué es? ¿Para qué sirve?; Atención Domiciliaria: Fragilidades y potencialidades; Cuidador Familiar: fatiga y aislamiento
O climatério na perspectiva de mulheres
Authors: Bisognin Priscila , Alves Camila Neumaier , Wilhelm Laís Antunes , Prates Lisie Alende , Scarton Juliane , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz
Published: July 2015

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la vivencia del climaterio a partir de la perspectiva de las mujeres asistidas. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo. Las informantes fueron diez mujeres que participaron en un proyecto de extensión sobre el climaterio, llevado a cabo en un hospital de enseñanza en el sur de Brasil. En la recopilación de datos se utilizó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada, con posterior análisis temático. La sexualidad, la medicalización del cuerpo y el cuidado de sus propios problemas de salud fueron cuestiones tratadas por las mujeres. Se identificó que las mujeres tienen poca información sobre el climaterio y que el conocimiento construído se da, principalmente, a través del intercambio de experiencias con otras mujeres que lo han experimentado. El estudio amplió el conocimiento sobre la experiencia del climaterio y permitió reflexionar acerca del cuidado ofrecido a estas mujeres.
Intratester and Intertester Reliability of Toe Pressure Measurements in People with and Without Diabetes Performed by Podiatric Physicians
Authors: Sonter Jennifer A. , Chuter Vivienne , Casey Sarah
Published: July 2015

Background

Toe pressures and the toe brachial index (TBI) represent possible screening tools for peripheral arterial disease; however, limited evidence is available regarding their reliability. The aim of this study was to determine intratester and intertester reliability of toe systolic pressure and the TBI in participants with and without diabetes performed by podiatric physicians.

Methods

Two podiatric physicians performed toe and brachial pressure measurements on 80 participants, 40 with and 40 without diabetes, during two testing sessions using photoplethysmography and Doppler probe. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% limits of agreement were determined.

Results

In people with diabetes, intratester reliability of toe pressure measurement was excellent for both testers (ICCs, 0.84 and 0.82). Reliability of the TBI was good (ICCs, 0.72 and 0.75) and brachial pressure fair (ICCs, 0.43 and 0.55). The intertester reliability of toe pressure (ICC, 0.82) and the TBI (ICC, 0.80) was excellent. Intertester reliability of brachial pressure was reduced in people with diabetes (ICC, 0.49). In age-matched participants, intratester reliability of toe pressure measurement was excellent for both testers (ICCs, 0.83 and 0.87), and reliability of the TBI (ICCs, 0.74 and 0.80) and brachial pressure (ICCs, 0.73 and 0.78) was good to excellent. Intertester reliability of toe pressure (ICC, 0.84), the TBI (ICC, 0.81), and brachial pressure (ICC, 0.77) was excellent.

Conclusions

Toe pressures and the TBI demonstrated excellent reliability in people with and without diabetes and can be an effective component of lower-extremity vascular screening. However, wide limits of agreement relative to blood pressure values for both cohorts indicate that results should be interpreted with caution.
Comparison of Barefoot Walking and Shod Walking Between Children with and Without Flat Feet
Authors: Chen Jiann-Perng , Chung Meng-Jung , Wu Chao-Yin , Cheng Kai-Wen , Wang Mao-Jiun
Published: July 2015

Background

We sought to investigate the effect of wearing shoes on joint range of motion, ground reaction force (GRF), and muscle activity (electromyography) in children with flat and normal feet during walking.

Methods

Nine children with flat feet and 12 children with normal feet aged 5 to 11 years were recruited. Each child was instructed to walk on a walkway in the barefoot and shod conditions. Joint range of motion, GRF, and electromyographic data within one gait cycle were collected simultaneously. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of foot type and shoe condition on the response measures.

Results

Children with flat feet had greater joint motion and higher muscle activities in the lower extremity, as well as lower vertical GRF and longer duration of the first peak forces in vertical and mediolateral GRFs than children with normal feet while walking. Compared with the barefoot condition, shoe wearing in both groups of children showed an increase in ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike, a decrease in anteroposterior GRF and its duration, and an increase in leg muscle electromyographic activities. Pelvic tilt range of motion was affected by the interaction of foot type and shoe condition.

Conclusions

Gait performance in pelvic tilt, hip flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion were different between the two groups of children. Wearing shoes increased the muscle activities of the shin. This finding can provide important information for clinical assessment of and shoe design for children with flat feet.
An Overlooked Deformity in Patients with Hallux Valgus
Authors: Deveci Alper , Yilmaz Serdar , Firat Ahmet , Yildirim Ahmet Ozgur , Oken Ozdamar Fuat , Gulcek Murat , Ucaner Ahmet
Published: July 2015

Background

Tailor's bunion is a deformity of the fifth toe, and its concomitance with hallux valgus (HV) is defined as splayfoot deformity. Treatment is focused on the HV deformity in splayfoot, and the tailor's bunion deformity can be overlooked. The frequency of HV concomitant with tailor's bunion in splayfoot has not been reported in the literature.

Methods

A retrospective evaluation was performed to detect the existence of tailor's bunion deformity in 203 patients (376 feet) treated for HV. Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were used in the radiologic evaluation. Fallat's classification was used to grade tailor's bunion. Surgery for HV was applied to 86 patients (136 feet), and conservative treatment was applied to 117 patients (240 feet). Mean follow-up was 28.3 months (range, 18–42 months). Clinical evaluation was by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score.

Results

Of the 376 feet with HV, 28 (7.4%) had tailor's bunion, of which 17 (60.7%) were overlooked according to the surgery criteria for tailor's bunion. In the HV surgery group, there were no differences in preoperative mean AOFAS scores according to concurrence with tailor's bunion, but postoperative AOFAS scores were low in patients with accompanying tailor's bunion (P < .001). In the conservative group, no differences were determined in mean AOFAS scores according to tailor's bunion.

Conclusions

Tailor's bunion deformity sometimes goes undiagnosed in patients with treated HV. This deformity must be kept in mind for patients with HV to improve clinical results.
Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Myocarditis Attributed to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, or Conventional Etiologies
Authors: Semenzato Laura , Le Vu Stéphane , Botton Jérémie , Bertrand Marion , Jabagi Marie-Joelle , Drouin Jérôme , Cuenot François , Zores Florian , Dray-Spira Rosemary , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

Importance

Although patients with myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination appear to have a good prognosis near hospital discharge, their longer-term prognosis and management remain unknown.

Objective

To study the cardiovascular complications of post–COVID-19 mRNA vaccination myocarditis and other types of myocarditis during an 18-month follow-up, as well as disease management based on a study of the frequency of medical procedures and drug prescriptions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study based on the French National Health Data System, all individuals aged 12 to 49 years hospitalized for myocarditis in France between December 27, 2020, and June 30, 2022, were identified.

Exposure

Individuals were categorized as having postvaccine myocarditis (within 7 days after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine), post–COVID-19 myocarditis (within 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection), or conventional myocarditis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The occurrence of clinical outcomes (hospital readmission for myopericarditis, other cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and a composite outcome of these events) over the 18 months following hospital admission were analyzed using weighted Cox models to standardize the comparisons with the conventional myocarditis group. Also, medical management after hospital discharge was longitudinally assessed using generalized estimated equation models.

Results

In total, 4635 individuals were hospitalized for myocarditis: 558 with postvaccine myocarditis, 298 with post–COVID-19 myocarditis, and 3779 with conventional myocarditis. Patients with postvaccine myocarditis were younger than those with post–COVID-19 and conventional myocarditis (mean [SD] age of 25.9 [8.6], 31.0 [10.9], and 28.3 [9.4] years, respectively) and were more frequently men (84%, 67%, and 79%). Patients with postvaccine myocarditis had a lower standardized incidence of the composite clinical outcome than those with conventional myocarditis (32/558 vs 497/3779 events; weighted hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.36-0.86]), whereas individuals with post–COVID-19 myocarditis had similar results (36/298 events; weighted hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.70-1.52]). The standardized frequency of medical procedures and drugs prescribed in patients with postvaccine myocarditis or post–COVID-19 myocarditis followed a similar trend in the 18 months following hospital discharge to that of patients with conventional myocarditis.

Conclusions and Relevance

Patients with post–COVID-19 mRNA vaccination myocarditis, contrary to those with post–COVID-19 myocarditis, show a lower frequency of cardiovascular complications than those with conventional myocarditis at 18 months. However, affected patients, mainly healthy young men, may require medical management up to several months after hospital discharge.
Trends of Heat-Related Deaths in the US, 1999-2023
Authors: Howard Jeffrey T. , Androne Nicole , Alcover Karl C. , Santos-Lozada Alexis R.
Published: August 2024

This study examines trends in heat-related mortality rates in the US population from 1999 to 2023.
Recent Advances of Photodetection Technology Based on Main Group III–V Semiconductors
Authors: Ai Jiale , Qin Mingli , Xue Maodeng , Cao Chenzhe , Zhang Jian , Kuklin Artem V. , Wang Huide , Zhang Han , Zhang Qian , Ågren Hans , Gao Lingfeng
Published: August 2024

The rapid advancement of main group III–V nanomaterials endows photodetectors (PDs) with enhanced performance. At present, various III–V nanomaterials are systematically investigated, whereof III–V semiconductors have attracted a successively increased attention that calls for a comprehensive summary which also can define the state‐of‐art for their further development. Herein, this work systematically introduces and discusses key aspects of the field. First, the advanced strategies for the preparation of III–V semiconductor materials and the device structures of the subsequent PDs based on these materials, pristine and doped, are addressed. The focus is then turned to their performance under the irradiation of various wavelengths, separately summarizing and comparing the photodetection properties under infrared, UV and visible light. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of III–V semiconductor‐based PDs are highlighted. This review  enlightens the development of III–V semiconductor‐based PDs, and their extended applications for optoelectronic devices in general.
Achieving Swift and Distinct Luminescent Modulation Through Manipulating Molecular Motion in Polymers
Authors: Shi Yadong , Xu Jiahui , Deng Shengyong , Xu Jieqiong , Wei Peifa
Published: August 2024

Molecules in the bulk state are typically constrained by multiple intermolecular interactions, making it challenging to develop emission‐tunable solid‐state materials. Manipulating molecular motion is essential for achieving dynamic solid‐state emissions. Herein, various emission‐tunable 4CN@polymer films are developed whose multicolor luminescence arises from different molecular motion modes within the polymer microenvironments. There are three motion modes in the films: restricted, normal, and vigorous. In the normal mode, the film emits green light, shifting to purple under UV (515–387 nm). Cooling or fuming creates a rigid environment, leading to blue emission at 426 nm. High temperatures induce vigorous motion, causing quenched emission, which can be reactivated by cooling. This mechanism underscores the significant influence of molecular motion within flexible polymers on the luminescence behavior of 4CN@polymer films, enabling multicolor emission based on environmental conditions. The wide‐range fluorescence—from purple, blue, white, green, yellow‐green to dark—indicates promising applications in multifaceted dynamic displays and information security. This study offers novel perspectives on the correlation between solid‐state molecular motion and dynamic emission.
Enzymes in Addressing Hypoxia for Biomaterials Engineering
Authors: Ghaffari‐Bohlouli Pejman , Jafari Hafez , Nie Lei , Kakkar Ashok , Shavandi Amin
Published: August 2024

Oxygen is essential for normal cellular functions. Hypoxia impacts various cellular processes, such as metabolism, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumorigenesis, microbial infection, and immune response, mediated by hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). Hypoxia contributes to the progression and development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, kidney diseases, and infections. The potential alleviation of hypoxia has been explored through the enzymatic in situ decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, leading to the generation of oxygen. However, challenges such as limited stability restrict the effectiveness of enzymes such as catalase in biomedical and in vivo applications. To overcome these limitations, targeted delivery of the enzymes has been proposed. This review offers a critical comparison of i) current approaches to enhance the in vivo stability of catalase; and ii) the structure, mechanism of action, and kinetics of catalase and catalase‐like nanozymes.
Controlled Fabrication of Native Ultra‐Thin Amorphous Gallium Oxide From 2D Gallium Sulfide for Emerging Electronic Applications
Authors: AlMutairi AbdulAziz , Xhameni Aferdita , Guo Xuyun , Chircă Irina , Nicolosi Valeria , Hofmann Stephan , Lombardo Antonio
Published: August 2024

Oxidation of 2D layered materials has proven advantageous in creating oxide/2D material heterostructures, opening the door for a new paradigm of low‐power electronic devices. Gallium (II) sulfide (β‐GaS), a hexagonal phase group III monochalcogenide, is a wide bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap exceeding 3 eV in single and few‐layer form. Its oxide, gallium oxide (Ga2O3), combines a large bandgap (4.4–5.3 eV) with a high dielectric constant (≈10). Despite the technological potential of both materials, controlled oxidation of atomically‐thin β‐GaS remains under‐explored. This study focuses on the controlled oxidation of β‐GaS using oxygen plasma treatment, addressing a significant gap in existing research. The results demonstrate the ability to form ultrathin native oxide (GaSxOy), 4 nm in thickness, upon exposure to 10 W of O2, resulting in a GaSxOy/GaS heterostructure where the GaS layer beneath remains intact. By integrating such structures between metal electrodes and applying electric stresses as voltage ramps or pulses, their use for resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM) is investigated. The ultrathin nature of the produced oxide enables low operation power with energy use as low as 0.22 nJ per operation while maintaining endurance and retention of 350 cycles and 104 s, respectively. These results show the significant potential of the oxidation‐based GaSxOy/GaS heterostructure for electronic applications and, in particular, low‐power memory devices.
Experimental Demonstration of Collective Photonic Nanojet Generated by Densely Packed Arrays of Dielectric Microstructures
Authors: Lam Man Yu , Sergeeva Kseniia A. , Tutov Mikhail V. , Zhizhchenko Aleksey Yu. , Cherepakhin Artem B. , Mironenko Aleksandr Yu , Sergeev Aleksandr A. , Wong Kam Sing
Published: August 2024

Uncovering new ways for light localization at the micro‐ and nanoscale is essential for the development of state‐of‐the‐art photonic devices. Nowadays the most advances in this area are achieved using near‐field resonators, providing extreme light confinement in nanoscale volume. However, the boosting of device performance in some practical applications, for example, luminescent sensing, optical tweezing, and super‐resolution optical microscopy require light localization at distances beyond near‐field range. This issue can be addressed by employing dielectric microstructures that produce photonic nanojets (PNJs), representing an intermediate state between near‐field localization and geometric optics. Despite the promising benefits of PNJ implementation in various optical applications, their practical studies are scarce and mostly limited to numerical simulations. Here, a new type of PNJ is introduced and studied both numerically and experimentally. Contrary to the conventional case, wherein PNJ is generated by a single microstructure, the reported PNJ is produced through collective effects in a densely packed array of dielectric microstructures. The studies reveal that these collective PNJs can reach an unprecedented length of >60 λ, while maintaining a high localization intensity. Under certain configurations of the array, collective PNJ can enhance the electromagnetic field by up to sevenfold, being a versatile tool for various photonic applications.
Broad‐Band Photoelectrochemical Photodetector Based on Ternary Sb2Te2Se Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Lude , Qin Mingli , Kuklin Artem V. , Li Jie , Zhao Yiming , Zhang Jian , Ai Jiale , Chen Zhi , Zhang Han , Ågren Hans , Gao Lingfeng
Published: August 2024

As a novel V‐VI ternary topological insulator, Sb2Te2Se, has recently garnered great attention that has motivated both theoretical and experimental investigations. Numerous simulations have proved that 2D ternary Sb2Te2Se is a promising candidate for various optoelectronic devices. However, there are only a few experimental reports focusing on 2D Sb2Te2Se‐based devices due to the lack of a facile synthetic approach. Herein, few‐layered 2D Sb2Te2Se nanosheets are prepared by efficient liquid phase exfoliation and their photoresponse performance is systematically investigated using a photoelectrochemical type photodetector. As revealed, the 2D Sb2Te2Se‐based photodetector exhibits a significant photoresponse in alkaline electrolytes with excellent long‐term cycling stability (decrement of 3.3% during 15000 cycles). In addition, a wide spectral response ranging from 365 to 700 nm could be achieved, indicating great potential for broad‐band photodetection. With this initial exploration work, it is anticipated that 2D ternary Sb2Te2Se materials can be developed for future optoelectronic devices with high performance.
Interconnect‐Integrated GaInP/AlGaAs Schottky Photodetector Array with Heterojunction‐Assisted Enhanced Photovoltaic Effect for Automotive Speed Measurement Systems
Authors: Yue Wenbo , Zhao Tu , Wang Bing , Deng Qunrui , Zheng Tao , Zhang Jieliang , Liu Zhiyuan , Pan Yuan , Sun Yiming , Gao Wei , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie
Published: August 2024

Reducing power consumption has always been a pressing issue for integrated circuits. Currently, there is a strong interest in the development of self‐powered photodetectors with low power consumption, high quantum efficiency, and high integration. In this work, a novel GaInP/AlGaAs photodetector is developed, where the photovoltaic effect of the Schottky junction is enhanced by the assistance of underneath GaInP/AlGaAs heterojunction, achieving near unity quantum efficiency, high integration, and ultrafast response speed. A single device exhibits a responsivity (R) of 467 mA W−1 in photovoltaic mode, a specific detectivity (D*) of 1.43 × 1011 Jones, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.5%, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 96.56%. Further, an interconnect integration technique is used to integrate 81 individual detector units onto a 5 × 5 mm2 chip, resulting in a detector array that significantly improves the optical response. The device array has a high frequency feature with a fast response of 19 µs and a −3 dB bandwidth of 21.34 kHz. The interconnect chip is further integrated with a STM32 chip to realize an automotive speed measurement system. This work provides a novel technological solution for a high‐frequency, highly integrated photodetector array using heterojunction‐assisted enhanced GaInP Schottky junctions.
Selective and Efficient Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate with Copper‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Yin Shiyue , Guan Zhixi , Zhu Yuchuan , Guo Daying , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun
Published: August 2024

The high stability and persistence of nitrates in water poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. To effectively reduce the nitrate content in wastewater, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (e‐NO3RR) is widely recognized as an ideal treatment method due to its high reliability and efficiency. The selection of catalyst material plays a decisive role in e‐NO3RR performance. Copper‐based catalysts, with their ease of acquisition, high activity, and selectivity for NH3, have emerged as the most promising candidates for e‐NO3RR applications. In this paper, the mechanism of e‐NO3RR is first introduced. Then the relationship between structural properties and catalytic performance of copper‐based catalysts is analyzed in detail from four aspects: nanomaterials, oxides, monoatomic, and bimetallic materials. Strategies for constructing efficient catalysts are discussed, including surface modulation, defect engineering, heteroatom doping, and coordination effects. Finally, the challenges and prospects of copper‐based catalysts with high e‐NO3RR performance in practical applications are outlined.
Cost‐Effective Layered Oxide – Olivine Blend Cathodes for High‐Rate Pulse Power Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Steven , Scanlan Kevin , Reed Seth , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2024

Sustainability and supply‐chain concerns require lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) free from critical minerals, such as nickel and cobalt. While recent advances provide encouraging signs that cobalt can be removed, the question remains how much Ni can be removed from Co‐free layered oxide cathodes before sacrificing critical performance metrics. This study highlights the effect of reducing Ni by benchmarking several Co‐free cathodes with decreasing Ni content. Keeping the energy density the same by increasing the charge voltage, cathodes below 80% Ni content exhibit worsened capacity fade due to increasing oxygen release and electrolyte decomposition. Charge transfer and diffusion kinetics are also hindered with increasing Mn content and exacerbated by resistive surface phases formed at high voltages, rendering lower‐Ni, Co‐free cathodes less competitive than high‐Ni cathodes for high energy and power applications. It is demonstrated blending layered oxide with olivine as an effective alternative to deliver energy density and cycling stability comparable to lower‐Ni cathodes with moderate charging voltages. Blending with 30 wt% olivine LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 (LMFP) virtually eliminates the diffusion limitation of layered oxides at low state‐of‐charge, with enhanced pulse power characteristics rivaling the high‐Ni counterparts. Cathode blending can further reduce the overall Ni content and cost without the performance limitations of lower‐Ni, Co‐free cathodes.
DNA‐Compatible Nitriles Hydrolysis for Late‐Stage Functionalization of DNA‐Encoded Libraries
Authors: Zhang Tianyang , Fang Xianfu , Wang Xin , Wang Huicong , Zhang Gong , Fang Wei , Li Yangfeng , Li Yizhou
Published: August 2024

Primary amides play a crucial role in organic and pharmaceutical synthesis. Herein, we present a rapid and convenient method for transforming diverse DNA‐conjugated nitriles into primary amides utilizing hydrogen peroxide and potassium carbonate. The substrate scope and DEL compatibility of this reaction were thoroughly investigated, revealing a wide range of substrates with moderate‐to‐excellent conversion. This on‐DNA transformation holds significant promise for constructing DNA‐encoded libraries (DELs) and enabling late‐stage functionalization to expand chemical diversity. Our approach not only highlights the versatility of the method but also underscores its potential for broad applications in organic and pharmaceutical synthesis.
EDS‐FLU efficacy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without prior sinus surgery in ReOpen1 and ReOpen2 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wise Sarah K. , Adappa Nithin D. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Davis Greg E. , Mahdavinia Mahboobeh , Mahmoud Ramy , Messina John , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Peters Anju T. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Sindwani Raj , Soler Zachary M. , White Andrew A.
Published: August 2024

Background

The inability of topical medications to reach sinus cavities is a potential reason for lack of efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). One purpose of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is to enable delivery of medications into the sinus cavities. The exhalation delivery system with fluticasone (EDS‐FLU; XHANCE) creates unique biomechanics that enable deposition of intranasal corticosteroid into sinuses and sinus drainage pathways but may have differing efficacy in operated versus unoperated sinuses. Two 24‐week randomized trials (ReOpen1/2) evaluated EDS‐FLU versus EDS‐placebo in patients with CRS, stratified by surgical status.

Methods

Surgery‐naive (n = 332) and prior‐surgery (n = 215) patient groups were analyzed as pooled data from ReOpen1/2. Outcome measures (least‐squares mean change from baseline) included combined symptom score (CSS) and congestion score at weeks 4, 8, and 12 and average of percentages of opacified volume (APOV) of ethmoid/maxillary sinuses on CT and Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT‐22) total score at week 24.

Results

Baseline scores suggested moderate–severe disease: mean CSS = 5.8; APOV = 67.2%. EDS‐FLU produced significant improvement versus placebo (p < 0.05): CSS (surgery‐naive, −0.68 vs. −1.42; prior ESS, −0.70 vs. −1.87); congestion (surgery‐naive, −0.24 vs. −0.59; prior ESS, −0.24 vs. −0.69); and SNOT‐22 (surgery‐naive, −7.56 vs. −18.30; prior ESS, −10.72 vs. −18.74). Similar results were observed for APOV (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between surgery subgroups with either EDS‐FLU dose.

Conclusion

EDS‐FLU improved symptoms, sinus opacification, and quality of life in patients with CRS with or without prior ESS, suggesting a role for EDS‐FLU in both populations.
Comparative analysis of traditional machine learning and automated machine learning: advancing inverted papilloma versus associated squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Farideh , Mohammadi S. Saeed , Palmer James N. , Kohanski Michael A. , Adappa Nithin D. , Chang Michael T. , Hwang Peter H. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Patel Zara M.
Published: August 2024

Key points

Inverted papilloma conversion to squamous cell carcinoma is not always easy to predict.

AutoML requires much less technical knowledge and skill to use than traditional ML.

AutoML surpassed the traditional ML algorithm in differentiating IP from IP‐SCC.
Experimentelle Beobachtung eines terminalen Borylen‐Distickstoff‐Addukts durch Spaltung eines 1,2,3,4,5‐Diboratriazolins
Authors: Jayaraman Arumugam , Ritschel Benedikt , Arrowsmith Merle , Markl Christian , Jürgensen Malte , Halkić Anel , Konrad Yannick , Stoy Andreas , Radacki Krzysztof , Braunschweig Holger
Published: August 2024

Während Azide mit einfachen Alkenen nur unter harschen Bedingungen reagieren, reagiert ein Diboranalogon eines Alkens, das zweifach durch cyclische Alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC) stabilisierte Dicyanodiboren 1, spontan mit organischen Aziden (7–10 Äq.) bei Raumtemperatur, um zwei Äquivalente stabiler CAAC‐stabilisierter Imino(cyano)borane (2‐R) zu ergeben. NMR‐spektroskopische Kontrollen der Reaktionsmischungen zeigen die anfängliche Bildung einer 1 : 1‐Mischung aus 2‐R und einem relativ langlebigen Zwischenprodukt (Int), welches in Gegenwart von überschüssigem Azid in ein zweites Äquivalent 2‐R umgewandelt wird. In Abwesenheit von überschüssigem Azid zersetzt sich Int jedoch zu 3, dem Produkt einer intramolekularen C−H‐Bindungsaktivierung durch eine mutmaßlich zweifach koordinierte Borylen‐Zwischenstufe, „(CAAC)B(CN)“. Mechanistische Erkenntnisse aus Abfangexperimenten, NMR‐spektroskopischen und hochauflösenden Massenspektrometrie‐Daten sowie DFT‐Berechnungen zeigen, dass Int das endständige Borylen‐Stickstoff‐Addukt [(CAAC)B(CN)(η1‐N2)] ist. Die Bildung der Iminoborane 2‐R aus Diboren 1 und RN3 erfolgt über eine Azid‐Diboren‐Huisgen‐[3+2]‐Cycloaddition, gefolgt von einer [3+2]‐Cycloreversion, wobei 2‐R und [(CAAC)B(CN)(η1‐N2)] entstehen. Letzteres durchläuft dann entweder eine N2‐Abspaltung und intramolekulare C−H‐Bindungsaktivierung zur Bildung von 3 oder eine Staudinger‐artige Reaktion mit einem zweiten Äquivalent Azid zur Bildung eines zweiten Äquivalents des Iminoborans 2‐R.
Temperature‐Dependent Left‐ and Right‐Twisted Conformational Changes in 1 : 1 Host‐Guest Systems: Theoretical Modeling and Chiroptical Simulations
Authors: Suzuki Nozomu , Taura Daisuke , Furuta Yusuke , Ono Yudai , Miyagi Senri , Kameda Ryota , Haino Takeharu
Published: August 2024

An efficient strategy for high‐performance chiral materials is to design and synthesize host molecules with left‐ and right‐ (M‐ and P‐)twisted conformations and to control their twisted conformations. For this, a quantitative analysis is required to describe the chiroptical inversion, chiral transfer, and chiral recognition in the host‐guest systems, which is generally performed using circular dichroism (CD) and/or proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. However, the mass‐balance model that considers the M‐ and P‐twisted conformations has not yet been established. In this study, we derived the novel equations based on the mass‐balance model for the 1 : 1 host‐guest systems. Then, we further applied them to analyze the 1 : 1 host‐guest systems for the achiral calixarene‐based capsule molecule, achiral dimeric zinc porphyrin tweezer molecule, and chiral pillar[5]arene with the chiral and/or achiral guest molecules by using the data obtained from the CD titration, variable temperature CD (VT−CD), and 1H NMR experiments. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH and ΔS), equilibrium constants (K), and molar CD (Δϵ) in the 1 : 1 host‐guest systems could be successfully determined by the theoretical analyses using the derived equations.
Electrochemical Homo‐ and Crossannulation of Alkynes and Nitriles for the Regio‐ and Chemoselective Synthesis of 3,6‐Diarylpyridines
Authors: Ghosh Mangish , Mandal Tirtha , Lepori Mattia , Barham Joshua P. , Rehbein Julia , Reiser Oliver
Published: August 2024

We disclose a mediated electrochemical [2+2+2] annulation of alkynes with nitriles, forming substituted pyridines in a single step from low‐cost, readily available starting materials. The combination of electrochemistry and a triarylamine redox mediator obviates the requirements of transition metals and additional oxidants. Besides the formation of diarylpyridine moieties via the homocoupling of two identical alkynes, the heterocoupling of two different alkynes depending on their electronic nature is possible, highlighting the unprecedented control of chemoselectivity in this catalytic [2+2+2] process. Mechanistic investigations like cyclic voltammetry and crossover experiments combined with DFT calculations indicate the initial oxidation of an alkyne as the key step leading to the formation of a vinyl radical cation intermediate. The utilization of continuous flow technology proved instrumental for an efficient process scale‐up. The utility of the products is exemplified by the synthesis of π‐extended molecules, being relevant for material or drug synthesis.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Computational Assessments of Zinc(II), Iron(II), and Copper(II) Chelates Derived From Selenated Schiff Base
Authors: Shaaban Saad , Abdullah Khalid Tuama , Shalabi Kamal , Yousef Tarek A. , Al Duaij Omar K. , Alsulaim Ghayah M. , Althikrallah Hanan A. , Alaasar Mohamed , Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M.
Published: August 2024

Novel selenated azomethine ligand (MSeOH) and its Zn(II), Fe(II), and Cu(II) chelates were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed by molar conductivity, thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction, IR, NMR, and MS spectroscopic techniques. The antitumor and antimicrobial properties were evaluated against various mammalian cells and pathogenic strains. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities were also assessed using DPPH and SOD bioassays. To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular structure and electronic properties of these complexes, a density functional theory (DFT) study was conducted. The parameters examined in this study provide valuable insight into the bonding, electronic properties, reactivity, and polarity of the compounds under investigation. The biological and theoretical results point to promising activities of the selenated ligand and its complexes.
Genome‐wide identification and coexpression network analysis of heat shock protein superfamily in Apolygus lucorum
Authors: Li Yuan‐Yuan , Deligeer  , Liu Jing , Shi Kai
Published: August 2024

Heat shock proteins (Hsp) function as crucial molecular chaperones, playing pivotal roles in insects' response to stress stimuli. Apolygus lucorum, known for its broad spectrum of host plants and significant crop damage potential, presents a compelling subject for understanding stress response mechanisms. Hsp is important for A. lucorum to tolerate temperature and insecticide stress and may be involved in the formation of resistance to the interactive effects of temperature and insecticide. Here, we employed comprehensive genomic approaches to identify Hsp superfamily members in its genome. In total, we identified 42 Hsp genes, including 3 Hsp90, 16 Hsp70, 13 Hsp60, and 10 Hsp20. Notably, we conducted motif analysis and gene structures for Hsp members, which suggested the same families are relatively conserved. Furthermore, leveraging the weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we observed diverse expression patterns of different Hsp types across various tissues, with certain Hsp70 showing tissue‐specific bias. Noteworthy among the highly expressed Hsp genes was testis‐specific, which may serve as a pivotal hub gene regulating the gene network. Our findings shed light on the molecular evolutionary dynamics and temperature stress response mechanisms of Hsp genes in A. lucorum, offering insights into its adaptive strategies and potential targets for pest management.
Alginate‐derived carbon dots for “turn off–on” anti‐neoplastic 5‐fluorouracil sensing in biological samples
Authors: Majd Sasan Abbasi , Kashanian Soheila , Babaei Mahsa , Shekarbeygi Zahra
Published: August 2024

As a chemotherapy drug, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) has been used for colon cancer for decades. Excessive levels of 5‐FU in the human body can lead to notable adverse effects, including severe diarrhea, infection, mouth sores, skin peeling, skin inflammation, and ulcers, which are important and relatively common digestive side effects. In addition, 5‐FU is an analog of uracil and also has similarities to pyrimidines. Therefore, it is not easy to separate them. This research presented a sensor capable of detecting drugs in minimal amounts. An alginate‐derived carbon dot (CD) was synthesized by unique optical properties that obey an on–off fluorescence mechanism for 5‐FU sensing. Introducing copper (Cu(I)) to CDs results in fluorescence quenching through electron transfer. However, when 5‐FU is added to the system as an oxidizing agent, a redox reaction occurs on the surface of the CDs, which leads to the restoration of fluorescence as Cu(I) is altered to Cu(II). Experimental results showed a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.99) in the concentration range of 1.00–45.00 nM, with the following linear regression, and revealed the relative standard deviation (RSD%) and detection limit of 2.57%, and 1.00 nM, respectively. These results validated the excellent detection capability of the proposed method even at low concentrations of 5‐FU and in the presence of other drugs and interfering substances. Also, the recovery of 5‐FU (varies from 100.46% to 113.7%, with RSD equal to 1.89–3.63) in serum samples indicates the absence of matrix interference in the determination of 5‐FU. In summary, this novel approach to developing a cost‐effective and sensitive sensor holds great potential for future applications in healthcare and related fields.
Nonlinearities and timescales in neural models of temporal interference stimulation
Authors: Plovie Tom , Schoeters Ruben , Tarnaud Thomas , Joseph Wout , Tanghe Emmeric
Published: August 2024

In temporal interference (TI) stimulation, neuronal cells react to two interfering sinusoidal electric fields with a slightly different frequency (, in the range of about 1–4 kHz, in the range of about 1–100 Hz). It has been previously observed that for the same input intensity, the neurons do not react to a purely sinusoidal signal at or . This study seeks a better understanding of the largely unknown mechanisms underlying TI neuromodulation. To this end, single‐compartment models are used to simulate computationally the response of neurons to the sinusoidal and TI waveform. This study compares five different neuron models: Hodgkin‐Huxley (HH), Frankenhaeuser–Huxley (FH), along with leaky, exponential, and adaptive‐exponential integrate‐and‐fire (IF). It was found that IF models do not entirely reflect the experimental behavior while the HH and FH model did qualitatively replicate the observed neural responses. Changing the time constants and steady state values of the ion gates in the FH model alters the response to both the sinusoidal and TI signal, possibly reducing the firing threshold of the sinusoidal input below that of the TI input. The results show that in the modified (simplified) model, TI stimulation is not qualitatively impacted by nonlinearities in the current–voltage relation. In contrast, ion channels have a significant impact on the neuronal response. This paper offers insights into neuronal biophysics and computational models of TI stimulation.
The “healthy = (un)tasty” intuition concerning colour in organic wine labels
Authors: Petit Olivia , Wang Qian Janice , Spence Charles
Published: August 2024

Organic labels certify a product's commitment to ecological balance. However, the association between organic products and health benefits can inadvertently promote overconsumption, particularly in the case of alcoholic beverages such as red wine. In research conducted with participants from the United States, we demonstrate that consumers implicitly link organic wine with health and pleasure, which is explicitly reflected in heightened purchase intentions and anticipated consumption volume. Interestingly, our findings indicate that these effects are moderated by label colour. Implicitly, red organic labels are associated with a less healthy but tastier drink than green labels. Explicitly, organic labels overall stimulate higher purchase intentions regardless of their colour. Nevertheless, our results highlight a moderating role of label colour. Compared to green labels, red organic labels elicit increased purchase intentions, driven by greater expectations of tastiness associated with the red label. Additionally, red labels convey a perception of higher alcohol strength and an intention to consume wine in smaller quantities versus green labels. Thus, the use of a red label may signal both pleasure and potential danger, facilitating organic wine sales without necessarily increasing consumption. These findings have implications for marketers and policymakers interested in supporting responsible wine consumption.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Radical Relay Cascade Annulation of Amides: Access to Antitumor Active Benzo[b]azepine and Oxindole Derivatives
Authors: Sheng Xia‐xin , Qiu Chao‐ying , Wang Li‐na , Du Yu‐jia , Tang Lu‐ning , Chen Jia‐ming , Liu Guo‐ying , Yang Sen , Zheng Peng‐fei , Chen Ming
Published: August 2024

Efficient transition‐metal‐free synthesis of benzo[b]azepines and oxindoles is achieved via a radical relay cascade strategy employing halogen atom transfer (XAT) for aryl radical generation followed by intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Optimization yielded moderate to substantial yields under visible light irradiation. Preliminary biological assessments revealed promising anti‐tumor activity for select compounds. This study underscores the potential of XAT‐mediated radical relay cascades in medicinal chemistry and anticancer drug discovery.
Overriding Cage Effect in Electron Donor‐Acceptor Photoactivation of Diaryliodonium Reagents: Synthesis of Chalcogenides
Authors: Meher Prahallad , Parida Sushanta Kumar , Mahapatra Sanat Kumar , Roy Lisa , Murarka Sandip
Published: August 2024

In recent times, diaryliodonium reagents (DAIRs) have witnessed a resurgence as arylating reagents, especially under photoinduced conditions. However, reactions proceeding through electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex formation with DAIRs are restricted to electron‐rich reacting partners serving as donors due to the well‐known cage effect. We discovered a practical and high‐yielding visible‐light‐induced EDA platform to generate aryl radicals from the corresponding DAIRs and use them to synthesize key chalcogenides. In this process, an array of DAIRs and dichalcogenides react in the presence of 1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a cheap and readily available donor, furnishing a variety of di(hetero)aryl and aryl/alkyl chalcogenides in good yields. The method is scalable, features a broad scope with good yields, and operates under open‐to‐air conditions. The photoinduced chalcogenation technology is suitable for late‐stage functionalizations and disulfide bioconjugations and facilitates access to biologically relevant thioesters, dithiocarbamates, sulfoximines, and sulfones. Moreover, the method applies to synthesizing diverse pharmaceuticals, such as vortioxetine, promazine, mequitazine, and dapsone, under amenable conditions.
Free‐Radical Polymerization Induced Grafting‐to of Polymer Chains onto Aluminum Nanoparticles†
Authors: Sun Panqi , Yang Chenggong , Peng Fei , Dang Junbo , Wang Wentao , Deng Daiwu , Zhang Ning‐Ning , Yang Yang , Liu Kun
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) have significant potential applications in various fields due to their unique LSPR. Significant advancements have been achieved in controlling the size and morphology of Al NPs. However, the efficient modification of Al NPs with polymers has not been implemented. Herein, we report a facile and efficient free‐radical polymerization induced grafting‐to (FRPIGt) method for grafting polymer chains onto Al NPs. By optimizing polymerization conditions, we were able to achieve a polymer brush layer with a weight loss fraction of up to 43.3%, which was higher than those of other polymers with carboxyl or primary amine end groups. Moreover, a broad range of vinyl monomers, including styrene, methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate, can be applied using the FRPIGt method to modify Al NPs. In addition, the FRPIGt method can be extended to photoinduced organocatalyzed atom‐transfer‐radical polymerization. This work paves a new path for the preparation of a wide range of polymer‐functionalized Al NPs and their polymer composites to be utilized in various fields.
Noise‐robust neural networks for medical image segmentation by dual‐strategy sample selection
Authors: Shi Jialin , Yang Youquan , Zhang Kailai
Published: August 2024

Deep neural networks for medical image segmentation often face the problem of insufficient clean labeled data. Although non‐expert annotations are more readily accessible, these low‐quality annotations lead to significant performance degradation of existing neural network methods. In this paper, we focus on robust learning of medical image segmentation with noisy annotations and propose a novel noise‐tolerant framework based on dual‐strategy sample selection, which selects the informative samples to provide effective supervision information. First, we propose the first round of sample selection by designing a novel joint loss, which includes conventional supervised loss and regularization loss. To further select information‐rich samples, we propose confidence‐based pseudo‐label sample selection from a novel perspective as the complement. The dual strategies are used in a collaborative manner and the network is optimized with mined informative samples. We conducted extensive experiments on datasets with both simulated noisy labels and real‐world noisy labels. For instance, on a simulated dataset with 25% noise ratio, our method achieves segmentation Dice value with 90.56% 0.03%. Furthermore, increasing the noise ratio to 95%, our method still maintains a high Dice value of 73.85% 0.28% compared to other baselines. Extensive results have demonstrated that our method can weaken the effects of noisy labels on medical image segmentation.