bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrition characteristics of adult inhabitants by ESSE-RF study
Authors: Karamnova N. S. , Shalnova S. A. , Deev A. D. , Tarasov V. I. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva А. E. , Muromtseva G. A. , Kapustina A. V. , Evstifeeva S. Е. , Drapkina О. М.
Published: September 2018

Nutrition, in general, and physical activity do determine the level of health of an individual and population in general.

Aim. To evaluate the characteristics of nutrition and food-related behavior in adult population of Russia currently.

Material and methods. The study materials were representative selections of non-organized male and female inhabitants of 25-64 y. o. (n=22258, males 8519, females 13698) of 13 regions of Russia РФ. Nutrition characteristics were evaluated by the rate of the main meal types consumption and selected routines of food-related behavior (salt added, animal fats in cooking). Quantitative evaluation was done for: red meat, fish and seafoods, poultry, fresh vegetables and fruits.

Results. Every day the raw vegetables and fruits are added to the meals only in 59,7% of citizens, with the mean number of portions — 1,48±0,8. High level of dairy food was noted: 49,7% do consume milk, joghurt, sour milk every day, 40,4% — cheese, 18,9% — quark, 20,6% — sour creme and creme. The meat is added to diet in 42,9% of inhabitants. Recommended level of meat consumption as a healthy nutrition, do follow only 40,2% of participants. Poultry consumption level is at 27,5% — lower than meat. Low rate of fish consumption is found in 34,9%. Preserved with salt and vinegar products are consumed by 10,1% and a third of inhabitants (32,4%) does consume these not rarer than 1-2 times a week. The level of sausages consumption is high — at 22,5%. Almost a half of participants (47,6%) consume pastry and confectionery every day, and 28,0% — 1-2 times weekly. About a quarter, 24,4% do voluntarily decrease the rate of pastry consumption. Behavior of addition of salt to a prepared meal do have 40,5%. It was noted that 72,5% use butter for a “morning sandvich”. High fat dairies consumption is about 74,0%. Only plant oils are in use for cooking in 95,4% of participants.

Conclusion. In the nutrition related behavior of adult population of Russia currently there are positive as well as negative components, from the perspective of socially significant diseases development.
Vessel stiffness, calcification and osteoporosis. Common pathogenetic components
Authors: Skripnikova I. A. , Abirova E. S. , Alikhanova N. A. , Kosmatova O. V.
Published: September 2018

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis until recently were regarded as the diseases of modern society, and their simultaneous development was explained just by the increased chances with longevity. Currently, there are studies showing evidence on these diseases in ancient populations, regardless the age and gender. The diseases found in younger age, with the early Egyptian civilization, witness on the common genetic and behavioral risk factors and pathogenetic components, than simple age-related chance. Scientific publications show more and more data on common properties of these diseases and pathogenetic mechanisms. High risk of premature death from atherosclerosis and osteoporosis complications facilitates the search for individual and general predictors of the disorders with the aim of on-time prevention. Treatment of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis presentation events in one patient demands for a range of medications that leads to polypragmasia. The review is focused on common mechanisms of vascular stiffness development, calcification and bone density decrease. Profound understanding might make it to open novel targets for one drug to both diseases, with decreased rate of complications.
Biocementation: an eco-friendly approach to strengthen concrete
Authors: Charpe Anuja U , Latkar Madhuwanti V , Chakrabarti Tapan
Published: September 2018

Enhancement of the mechanical properties of cementitious materials by using ureolytic bacteria is a green technique and is gaining importance in today’s era of development and modernisation. This process is known as biocementation or microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP). In the present work, a bacterial solution using soil as a bacterial source was used. Lentil seeds were used as a protein source and sugar as a carbon source for the bacteria. Urea concentration plays a key role in the MICCP process as, on hydrolysis, urea produces carbon dioxide, which forms calcium carbonate in the presence of calcium ions. The precipitation of calcium carbonate in the concrete matrix augments the mechanical properties of concrete. Thus, by using readily available natural materials – soil and lentil seeds – concrete is strengthened. This would indirectly reduce the carbon dioxide footprint. An attempt was made to study the effect of various concentrations of urea on the mechanical properties of concrete. Significant increases were observed in compressive strength and split tensile strength and a reduction in the water absorption capacity of concrete for a urea concentration of 5 g/l. Survival of the bacteria in cementitious matrix was also monitored. The results showed that bacteria survive up to the fifth day of curing.
Strength changes during internal erosion of gap-graded soils
Authors: MacRobert Charles John , Day Peter William , Luker Irvin
Published: September 2018

Internal erosion from internally unstable soils can negatively affect long-term strength of embankment dams. Investigations of the packing behaviour of a gap-graded internally unstable soil identified two distinct microstructures: (a) a microstructure in which the non-erodible coarser fraction remains at its densest packing when the proportion of erodible particles is below a transition finer fraction and (b) a microstructure in which the coarser fraction becomes looser as the finer fraction increases above this transition. Laboratory tests, using water-soluble salt as the erodible particles, showed that for the first microstructure mechanical behaviour was unaffected by particle loss (i.e. suffusion). It was only for the second microstructure that particle loss affected mechanical behaviour (i.e. suffosion). When the proportion of erodible particles exceeded a higher critical finer fraction, coarser particles became dispersed, no longer forming a skeleton from which particles could erode, resulting in internal stability.
Comparison of Pulmonary Artery Catheter and Central Venous Catheter for Early Goal Directed Targeted Therapy in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: ELAY Gülseren , SUNGUR Murat , COŞKUN Ramazan , GÜVEN Muhammed
Published: September 2018

Objective:There is so much doubt about the pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) method  in early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), because its expensive and invasive procedure.The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the PAC method and the central venous catheterization (CVC) method in EGDT.Materials and Methods:This is a randomized prospective study. Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock within 12 hours of diagnosis were included in the study. Each group received strict protocolized resuscitation for 72 hours.Results:The mean age of the patients was 63.4 ± 14.5 years. The study included 15 males (52%) and 14 females (48%).The length of stay in hospital and the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) were similar between the two groups. The length of stay in the intensive care unit was shorter (P =0.025)in the CVC group. HMGB1 levels were lower at 72 hours inthe CVC group (P =0.026).In the early resuscitation period, it was found that in the CVC directed therapy group, the urine output and the mean arterial blood pressure were higher but vasoconstrictor need was lower (P <0.05).Conclusions: In the early resuscitation period, CVC directed therapy is more effective and rapid correction of hemodynamic parameters results in shorter ICU stay. PAC is not superior to CVC guided therapy in the late period.
CULTURE ON STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING: JANISSARIES AND MERCENARIES
Authors: Ertem Mehmet , Kılınç İzzet
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to understand the strategic meaning of culture as a core competence. In order to fulfill this aim we attempted to understand the effects of cultural values and beliefs on the strategic decision-making process. We used grounded theory method for this inductive qualitative research. We conducted 33 interviews with strategists (business owners and top level managers) from 27 different companies operating in Kayseri OIZ (Organized Industrial Zone) furniture industry. We used conceptual coding procedures to analyze the data. Consequently, we detected a clash of cultural value sets between two different and incompatible cultural value domains named “Western-Rational” and “Muslim-Turkish”, in the field. We also observed that the strategists interviewed were facing with this clash both in their business and daily lives and they were exhibiting different behavioral outcomes in the face of this clash. We classified and conceptualized their behavioral outcomes into two behavioral patterns as the Janissary and the Mercenary behaviors. Finally, we observed that cultural values and beliefs (religious, traditional and rational) are operative at all levels of the strategic decision-making process and thus, they have a strong and deep meaning in strategic management processes as core competences.
Vulvar geniş fibroepitelyal polip
Authors: HELVACIOĞLU Çağlar , GASIMOVA Rafiga , KAYA Cihan , HELVACIOĞLU Özlem , EKİN Murat
Published: September 2018

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Akut travmatik koksidinili hastalarda manipülasyon ve kas tekniklerinin etkinliği
Authors: ÇAĞLAR OKUR Sibel , VURAL Meltem
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Koksikse yayılan ağrıya koksidini denilir. Direk aksiyel travma sonrası oluşan subluksasyon, dislokasyon veya hipermobilite nedeni ile ağrı oluşabilir. Ağrı günlük aktiviteleri bozacak kadar rahatsız edici olabilir. Manual terapi ve kas egzersiz teknikleri etkili tedavi metodlarıdır. Biz çalışmamızda akut travmatik koksidinili hastalarımızda manuel tedavi ve kas tekniklerinin etkinliğini araştırdık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2017-2018 yılları arasında 19 travmatik koksidinili hasta (15 kadın, 4 erkek; ort yaş 37, (27–47)) çalışmaya alındı. Sakrokoksigeal manipülasyon ve levator ani kas egzersiz tekniği tüm hastalara intrarektal olarak uygulandı. Bir aylık izlemde, hastalar numerik ağrı skalası ve memnuniyet düzeylerideğerlendirildi. Bulgular: Oniki hasta tam rahatlama tarif ederken, 5 hasta orta ve 2 hastada ağrılarında rahatlama olmadığını bildirdi. Numerik Analog Skala skorlarında anlamlı düzelme gözlendi.Sonuç: Manuel terapi teknikleri akut travmatik koksidini tedavisinde etkili tedavi metodudur.
Las Garantías Judiciales
Authors: D’Empaire Eduardo Alfredo
Published: September 2018

El presente trabajo analiza garantías judiciales previstas en los artículos 8 y 25 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos a la luz de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. El derecho a la asistencia jurídica letrada, a la defensa técnica proporcionada por el Estado, a no ser obligado a declarar contra sí mismo, a recurrir la sentencia, a no ser perseguido más de una vez por un mismo hecho delictuoso, al amparo contra hechos lesivos que afectan derechos y el derecho a la verdad, constituyen connotaciones de las garantías convencionales del sistema interamericano que además se proyectan en innumerables aplicaciones concretas que la Corte ha determinado a través de los distintos casos juzgados por ella y que aportan un sentido específico en el esquema de las garantías judiciales.
De las organizaciones: reflexiones y aproximaciones desde la biología y la complejidad
Authors: PULGARÍN SERGIO ANDRÉS
Published: September 2018

Este documento busca construir reflexiones desde la complejidad y la biología, que de manera común abordan el comportamiento de los sistemas de modo emergente, indeterminado y discontinuo, alejándose de la corriente principal mecanicista y lineal que ha permeado también el estudio de las organizaciones. En este ámbito, la comprensión de algunos fenómenos de la organización como un sistema complejo permite construir nuevos y divergentes espacios para la gestión y dirección de las organizaciones desde una perspectiva más alineada con la naturaleza dinámica y flexible del entorno y el universo.
Movilidad de doctores colombianos. revisión del estado del arte frente a la internacionalización de la educación superior
Authors: RINCÓN MORENO MAURICIO
Published: September 2018

La globalización es un fenómeno que trasciende e impacta en diferentes aspectos de la sociedad; en este escenario la movilidad en el ámbito académico toma un papel central en la transformación de la educación superior, en las necesidades de los estudiantes e intereses de las instituciones.

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una revisión de la literatura, investigaciones y perspectivas de la movilidad de doctores. La primera parte presenta un análisis de tipo histórico con relación al fenómeno de estudio, la movilidad. Posteriormente se hace una aproximación teórica a los conceptos básicos, con el fin de hacer precisiones conceptuales que faciliten la comprensión de los diferentes enfoques a través de los cuales se han analizado los procesos de movilidad. La parte final del documento se centra en presentar la perspectiva de la movilidad de los doctores en Latinoamérica, para posteriormente analizar el caso colombiano, tanto lo que tiene que ver con movilidad como lo relativo a la producción académica y la visibilidad de estos trabajos.
Los instrumentos de la política nacional de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el sistema regional de ciencia, tecnología e innovación - srcti de Boyacá
Authors: ROJAS DEL BASTO ERIKA BRIGITH , PALACIOS PRECIADO MARIANA
Published: September 2018

El Sistema regional de innovación, más que un conjunto de agentes, es una dinámica que promueve la gestión, transferencia y generación de conocimiento (Cataño, 2008); se evidencia que en el caso de Boyacá predomina el conocimiento tácito (CREPIB, 2010), el cual requiere una proximidad continua entre los agentes del SRI; por tal razón, esta investigación servirá como un elemento que brindará criterios para la elaboración de alternativas que den origen a mecanismos que articulen al SRI del departamento de Boyacá.
Capacidades dinámicas, una fuente de ventaja competitiva
Authors: RIVERA HUGO ALBERTO , FIGUEROA LAURA STEFANIE
Published: September 2018

The study of dynamic abilities has been positioning in the field of strategic direction given its importance in the generation of temporary competitive advantages and in the generation of superior performance. In this article the origin of the management concept is reviewed highlighting its importance facing the environment’s turbulence and showing a practical application. The case study uses a qualitative methodology, identifying the changes made by the British Commercial Company ASOS since its origins. The internal process is described to create and manage the dynamic abilities that generate competitive advantages.
Análisis de la medición de calidad en los servicios hoteleros
Authors: DAZA HIGUERA JOSÉ MARIO
Published: September 2018

El análisis de percepción de calidad en los consumidores de la industria hotelera es un tema que ha interesado mucho al marketing, ya que en este tipo de servicios se considera de alta relevancia el logro de la satisfacción del cliente para concretar nuevas visitas y que de igual forma se consuma otro tipo de productos turísticos; por estas razones, la realización del presente trabajo tiene por finalidad revisar algunos conceptos sobre la calidad en el servicio hotelero no solo a nivel teórico sino de estudios empíricos realizados por muchos estudiosos en el tema. Además se encuentra que existe una amplia variedad de modelos ideados para medir la satisfacción de los clientes y que aún no hay un consenso sobre las variables por analizar en el momento de medir las percepciones de un cliente quien, después de tomar el servicio puede estar satisfecho o insatisfecho.
Comportamiento del consumidor turístico
Authors: Ramírez Ospina Duvan Emilio , Otero Gómez Maria Cristina , Giraldo Pérez Wilson
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar los principales aspectos que influyen en el comportamiento de los consumidores turísticos y su efecto en la toma de decisión de compra; para lograrlo se presenta una recopilación de diversas teorías sobre el comportamiento del consumidor, aplicadas al campo turístico. Se trata de un trabajo mixto que hace uso de metodologías cualitativa y cuantitativa. Las hipótesis se someten a prueba partiendo de datos recolectados por medio de 385 encuestas y procesados en SPSS, versión 19; para los análisis descriptivos se utilizó la función de análisis de conglomerado en K-medias y las correlaciones de Spearman. La fase cualitativa se desarrolló por medio de 18 entrevistas estructuradas. Para el trabajo de campo, la fuente primaria fueron los turistas de diversas edades que llegaron a Villavicencio, Meta (Colombia) a quienes se les aplicaron instrumentos in situ en eventos específicos.
Desempeño exportador del sector industrial en Colombia
Authors: Restrepo Jorge , Vanegas Juan Gabriel
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a comparative analysis is carried out among the exportsindustrial sectors which created more employment during 2000-2011. Adynamic simulation is used and a Data Envelopment Analysis is applied inorder to obtain an overall index of technical efficiency. This index determinesthe presence of underused resources, which is useful to design strategies tosupport exports. The analysis is based on a Monte Carlo simulation forecastto determine the average values of the period for the input variables: numberof firms, employees, assets, and energy consumption to produce the outputvariables: gross production and exports. This method is used for checking theeffectiveness of the factors of production to generate exports, and determinethe possibility of improving inefficient sectors. The goal is to participate inthe internationalization process in a proper way.
La ley de puertos 33/2010 y la responsabilidad social corporativa de las autoridades portuarias españolas
Authors: Boza Chirino José , González Hernández Matias , Ledezma Javier De León
Published: September 2018

The Law on Ports 33/2010 regulating the economic regime and rendering of services at ports of general interest includes the obligation for all public organisms to apply sustainable development strategies and to justify their actions and communicate the results through the publication of a Sustainability Report. This particular aspect of the law is new; given that there is no similar normative that obliges the Port Authorities to be accountable for their actions in social responsibility issues at a European level. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the perceptions of the Port Authorities regarding the law one year after its application
Producción contable en universidades afiliadas a la asociación latinoamericana de facultades y escuelas de contaduría y administración (ALAFEC)
Authors: Ayala Serrano Juan Carlos
Published: September 2018

En el desarrollo de la investigación contable en América Latina es importante reconocer la producción escrita que realizan las universidades afiliadas a la Asociación Latinoamericana de Facultades y Escuelas de Contaduría y Administración (ALAFEC) desde sus revistas de investigación, de manera que pueda revisarse, en un primer momento, algunos aspectos asociados a la productividad desde parámetros de análisis bibliométrico para luego llegar a analizar la tendencia de dichos artículos frente al control, gestión o gobernabilidad. De allí que el presente trabajo busca iniciar dicho análisis desde los artículos escritos en Argentina, Chile y México, donde a partir de los datos presentados puedan evidenciarse los esfuerzos que algunas instituciones hacen para fortalecer la producción contable de manera que lleguen a ser referentes de análisis contables para la región y la Asociación.
La subjetividad como problema epistémico de la contabilidad
Authors: Rengifo Ariza Luis Eduardo
Published: September 2018

En este artículo de reflexión se pretende realizar una aproximación al conocimiento contable desde la perspectiva fenomenológica de Edmund Husserl; esta aproximación se funda en la reflexión sobre el concepto de subjetividad, desde la cual se busca dar un sentido más humano al conocimiento contable. En este itinerario se explora la relación entre subjetividad y conocimiento contable, a partir de la manera en que el mundo de la vida se presenta como el a priori universal de la experiencia, como la base del sentido sobre la cual el hombre elabora sus ideas y surgen los diversos mundos especializados, como el mundo contable.
Los valores en el trabajo y su relación con las organizaciones abiertas al aprendizaje
Authors: Méndez Valencia Dr Sergio , Muñoz Orozco Dr Javier , Hernández Sampieri Dr Roberto , López Vázquez Lilia Patricia
Published: September 2018

One of the most important elements in the study of the culture of human groups are values. Their influence in organization can be clearly appreciated in different aspects. In this study, the readiness of companies to learn was explored in the Mexican employment context in the region denominated Bajio. It was sought to relate both constructs – values and readiness to learn -, using models and tools with extensive empirical evidence. Although the results are exploratory in nature, it is considered that they open a line of research relevant to various sectors and regions.
Retos para el emprendimiento femenino en américa latina
Authors: Saavedra García María Luisa , Camarena Adame María Elena
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper is to describe the situation of women’s entrepreneurship in Latin America. To this end, a documentary research was done that first analyzes the reasons for starting a business, the differences between the educational level of women and men entrepreneurs, the reasons that companies run by women have lower returns that the ones run by men, the survival rate of businesses run by men and by women, the constraints that women entrepreneurs face in accessing funding sources to enable them to develop, and the difference between the size of business operations. Finally, policies to support female entrepreneurship are discussed. The main findings show that more women than men start a business due to necessity; women generally have a higher level of education than men, and the survival rate of businesses run by men and women are similar. It was also found that the size of the business operation is lower in women-led companies; and finally, that enterprise development policies that support small businesses (SMEs) are not aimed specifically at women entrepreneurs.
El transporte público urbano y las políticas municipales y de gestión
Authors: Suárez Falcón Heriberto , Verano Tacoronte Domingo , Sosa Cabrera Silvia
Published: September 2018

Mobility of people is a basic need in today’s society and it is essential for the economic development of any city. However, as society improves economically, problems of transport and mobility are accentuated by increasing transport demand, traffic congestion, pollution and occupation of urban land for road construction. Optimizing mobility must pursuit a balance between the use of private vehicles and public transport, an issue that must be approached from a broad and multidisciplinary view. Thus, the first aim of this paper is analyzing the role of public administration as a manager of urban, political, social, economic and environmental measures to promote urban mobility, and, at the same time, proposing specific actions to facilitate the involvement of the administration as ultimately responsible for the management of this mobility.
Las islas canarias y marruecos como destinos náuticos
Authors: E. Lam-González Yen , J. León González Carmelo , De León Ledesma Javier , Dorta Velázquez José Andrés
Published: September 2018

El turismo náutico se considera un área de investigación poco abordada si se compara con la evolución empírica y las perspectivas de crecimiento que se le otorgan al sector. A pesar de los avances en la producción científi ca del cocimiento en turismo, los estudios referentes a la demanda de turismo náutico, sus percepciones y actitudes, aún se consideran escasos. El presente artículo aborda un análisis segmentado de las percepciones de los turistas náuticos durante su visita a las Islas Canarias y Marruecos entre los anos 2013 y 2014. Los resultados muestran que, aunque las intenciones futuras de estos turistas náuticos de volver a visitar y recomendar los destinos son positivas, sus expectativas con respecto a la oferta de actividades náutico-turísticas del destino no han sido cumplidas. Así mismo, el estudio empírico permite identifi car las principales debilidades de los destinos, desde la perspectiva de su demanda actual. Finalmente, el artículo demuestra que existen claras similitudes en el perfi l de los turistas náuticos que visitan ambas regiones, y que existe un potencial de mercado para la generación conjunta de productos y servicios transnacionales en turismo náutico, lo que constituye una prioridad para el sector público de ambas regiones.
Compensación y heterogeneidad de los agentes
Authors: Krause Martin
Published: September 2018

La “Economía del personal” ha permitido comprender mejor los mecanismos de compensación y los problemas que surgen de la relación agente-principal, con individuos que persiguen sus propios intereses y hacen necesario un mecanismo que promueva su alineamiento con los intereses de la organización. La teoría ha tenido que simplifi car los supuestos, en particular reduciendo el principio de maximización de utilidad a su valor monetario. Aquí se plantea la necesidad de introducir la “heterogeneidad” de los agentes ante incentivos monetarios y no monetarios. Se generan problemas por las limitaciones del conocimiento, y la posibilidad de que las preferencias se revelen por algún tipo de intercambio en el cual el principal ofrezca un “menú de contratos”.
El tratamiento contable de los stocks bajo la óptica del comité de declaraciones contables
Authors: De souza bezerra Simone , Oliveira Lima Helena Mara , De Sá morais Kércia Maria , Morais de Melo Márcia
Published: September 2018

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento contable dado a los stocks o existencias por la empresa Grendene S.A. bajo la óptica del Comité de Declaraciones Contables (CPC, sus siglas en portugués), empleando como base la declaración 16 del CPC. Para ello, aborda la identifi cación de los métodos de asignación de valor, analiza cómo se determina el valor del costo de los stocks y defi ne los métodos y los criterios de costeo, así como el consiguiente reconocimiento como costo en el resultado del ejercicio, incluyendo las posibles reducciones del valor realizable líquido. El estudio presenta consideraciones sobre la convergencia de las normas nacionales de contabilidad a los patrones internacionales. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo y se clasifi ca como estudio de caso y explicativo. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de informes publicados por la Comisión de Valores Inmuebles (CVM) en el período 2006 - 2012. Los resultados obtenidos permiten hacer un análisis del tratamiento contable utilizado en la empresa Grendene S.A. para mostrar sus existencias.
Factores críticos en la industria del software
Authors: Rodríguez Moreno Diana , Olarte Rincón Lalo Enrique
Published: September 2018

Este documento presenta una revisión bibliográfi ca acerca de la industria del software, el objetivo es determinar los factores críticos de éxito en algunos clusters reconocidos a nivel mundial. En primer lugar, se presenta la defi nición de cluster y su relación con el ecosistema de emprendimiento; posteriormente se defi ne la industria del software, su atractivo para las economías emergentes, y luego se presentan los factores críticos asociados a la industria extractados de la consulta de artículos científi cos de revisión e investigación. Este trabajo se aborda desde la perspectiva estratégica y se tienen en cuenta los factores críticos de éxito
Emprendimiento femenino y ruralidad en boyacá, colombia
Authors: Acosta González Beicy Viviana , Zambrano Vargas Sandra Milena , Suárez Pineda Marlén
Published: September 2018

En Colombia  el emprendimiento ha cobrado  importancia por la creciente demanda de independencia  y estabilidad  económica  de las personas;  en la economía  rural la mujer ha sido agente  de progreso y de cambio,  y las condiciones de desigualdad vienen despertando intereses investigativos; el objetivo principal del presente documento es efectuar un análisis de los niveles de emprendimiento, caracterización y factores que influyen en las mujeres del sector rural de dos municipios del departamento  de Boyacá,   permitiendo describir así la situación actual de la mujer emprendedora; las evidencias indican que se requiere formular estrategias  y políticas hacia  la formación para  el emprendimiento de  la mujer y su familia; por esta vía es posible disminuir la discriminación que ellas perciben de la sociedad y del Estado.
Teoría y metateoría de la interpretación jurídica
Authors: Carrillo De La Rosa Yezid , Fortich Lozano Iliana Marcela
Published: September 2018

This article accounts for the general theory of law and the theoretical, conceptual and epistemological foundations of legal interpretation. It is aimed at proposing a frame of reference (conceptual, theoretical and doctrinal) that allows law researchers to address the various theoretical and practical problems that arise in legal interpretation. Based on the concepts, classifications and theories of legal interpretation, the reader will find a complete analysis of the different perspectives which are proposed from the general theory of law.
La gestión del conocimiento a través de la alfabetización digital como estrategia para la trasformación educativa en un contexto de paz
Authors: Urdaneta Montiel Armando , Pitre Redondo Remedios , Hernández Palma Hugo
Published: September 2018

The theories of Del Moral et al. (2007) Klaus et al. (2008), Ortoll, et al. (2007) and Tejedor (2009) for the study of the management of knowledge through digital literacy as strategy for making education a peaceful setting is the purpose of this study. The qualitative approach in this study, the literature review, the hermeneutic interpretation, the analysis and the summaries of some dimensions around the management of knowledge and the digital literacy to put together both theories in a conceptual map to formulate a set of guidelines for making education a peaceful setting on the grounds of making a curriculum for the safe learning TICS, computer science, the use of internet and social networks among others to close the digital and connectivity crack in low social classes where people make poor incomes or in zones under the influences of armed conflict. The results of this work will provide a methodology to guide and manage the nonmaterial assets of educational units such as knowledge and intellectual capital to apply mechanisms that allow searching, storage and transfer to increase productivity levels and competitiveness.
Unión de la excepción preliminar falta de agotamiento de recursos internos con el fondo del asunto
Authors: González Serrano Andrés , Sanabria Moyano Jesús Eduardo , Meléndez Salamanca María Isabel
Published: September 2018

This article addresses both the question of what are the assumptions that the Inter-American Court has established to jointly assess the preliminary objection “lack of exhaustion of domestic remedies” with the merits of the case? and the general objective of determining and identifying which are the cases that the Court has decided to join the formal analysis with the alleged violation of judicial guarantees and judicial protection. The result is achieved through the development of qualitative, basic and legal research, which uses the deductive and inductive analytical method, and focuses its analysis -as a main source- on the international practice of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, obtaining that there may be union, whether express or implied, when: i) issues of effectiveness of the appeal are alleged; ii) issues of applicability of the resource are alleged; iii) questions are raised about the nature of the resource; iv) allegations of due process are raised; or v) the existence of the alleged violations is discussed. In other words, there will be joint assessment when there are controversies on substantive and non-procedural issues.
A prospective observational study and survival pattern of organo phosphorous poisoning patients with intensive care treatment in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Roby Kanamala Arun Chand , Srinivas B. , Sandeep B. , Reddy S. Nikhil , Yadav M. Ajay , Harinadha Baba Kudipudi
Published: September 2018

Background: Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OP’s), used in insecticides, medications and nerve agents. It occurs mostly during suicide attempts in the farming areas, developing world and less by accident. The study is to evaluate the drugs used, respiratory conditions, complications occurred during course of treatment.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted for 9 months in a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted in a 500 bedded tertiary care hospital in an intensive care unit. The study was conducted for nine months (September 2016 - May 2017).Results: A total of 234 patients who had consumed OPP with known and unknown agents were admitted in the emergency department. Out of which 180 males and 54 females.Conclusions: This study concluded that the patients consumed poison is mainly due to mental disturbances and financial problems. The stress and burden on the life will shows the effect after consumption, the maximum people suffer with respiratory problems due to poison consumption. If the government should take the measures to avoid consumption of poison and availability of poison to the public may overcome the complications and reduce the deaths due to poison.
Drug usage pattern of antimicrobials in elderly hypertensive, diabetic in-patients with or without impaired renal function
Authors: Bhandari Prasan R. , Bhandary Apeksha
Published: September 2018

Background: Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the primary contributors to renovascular mortality and morbidity including chronic kidney diseases. Additionally, these patients are in frequent need of an antimicrobial agent. Drug utilisation studies (DUS) are prospective tools in the assessment of health care systems. The objective of the present study was to analyse the prescription pattern of anti-microbials in elderly hypertensive diabetic in-patients with or without renal impairment in a tertiary hospitalMethods: The study population comprised of 165 hypertensive diabetic in-patients at Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) Hospital. Questionnaire based evaluation was carried out and prescriptions of patient with HTN and DM at and above the age of 60 years irrespective of gender were included.Results: Among anti-microbial agents, other β lactam antibacterial were the most commonly prescribed class of drugs (40.85%) which was similar in patients with impaired renal function (21.8%).Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the number of anti-microbial agents and other drugs in the patients with impaired renal function when compared to patients with normal renal function (p <0.05).
Drug utilization audit of antipsychotics using WHO methodology: recommendations for rational prescribing
Authors: Shaifali Iram , Karmakar Rajib , Chandra Shalini , Kumar Santosh
Published: September 2018

Background: Utilization pattern of antipsychotics has undergone a major shift as the newly introduced atypical antipsychotics have heralded the market. Hence continuous studies on current prescribing trends are needed to provide most updated, effective and rational treatment of psychoses.Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. OPD tickets of the department of psychiatry for the year 2016-2017 were evaluated for a total of 310 cases. These prescriptions were used to determine the drug utilization of antipsychotics and for their appropriateness against the WHO recommended core prescribing indicators.Results: A total of 310 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and a male predominance was seen (male:female= 1.3:1). The most common psychotic disorder diagnosed was schizophrenia (44%). Majority of the patients (76%) received monotherapy and the prescribing trend showed a higher use of atypical antipsychotics (89%) over typical ones (11%). The most commonly prescribed anti-psychotic drugs were olanzapine (31%), followed by risperidone (26%). On analysing prescriptions according to the WHO core prescribing indicators it was observed that average number of antipsychotics prescribed per prescription was 1.32. 24% of drugs were prescribed by generic name and 5.2% were administered via injectable route. Drugs prescribed from National list of Essential Medicine, 2015 constituted 46%.Conclusions: The high inclination towards the use of atypical antipsychotics observed in our study correlates with the global changing trends in the treatment of schizophrenia. WHO prescribing indicators should be adhered to, to impart rational prescribing.
Case report-baboon syndrome with paracetamol
Authors: B. Roopa , K. Sangeeth Kumar , Rohini P. Mary , V. Prasanna
Published: September 2018

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as “any response to drug which is noxious or unintended and occurs at a dose normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment of diseases or for modification of physiological function”. Among the ADRs reported, cutaneous drug reactions are most common. Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE), also known as baboon syndrome (BS), is included in the spectrum of systemically induced allergic contact dermatitis. Characteristics of SDRIFE include a sharply defined symmetric erythema in the gluteal area and in the flexural or intertriginous folds without any systemic symptoms or signs. We present a case of 30-year-old female with baboon syndrome after taking the combination of paracetamol and diclofenac. Awareness of SDRIFE (BS) as an unusual drug reaction is especially important since the connection between skin eruption and drug exposure may easily be overlooked or misdiagnosed.
Effects of results based financing models on the performance of exposed health zones in Benin
Authors: Salami Lamidhi , Ouendo Edgard-Marius , Fayomi Benjamin
Published: September 2018

Background: Since 2011, Benin adhered to results-based financing (RBF), with the implementation of RBF_PRPSS model by Health System Performance Strengthening Project (PRPSS) and RBF_PASS model by health system support project (PASS). Notwithstanding the lack of evidence on this experimental phase, the Ministry of Health initiated the extension of the RBF_PRPSS model to uncovered areas. This comparative study was led to evaluate the health system performance in RBF zones.Methods: The study examined data from sixty-seven health facilities in six health zones offering maternal and child health services, using the double difference, the Student's test and the variance comparison, with 5% significance level.Results: The study found that between 2011 and 2014, staff numbers remained stable in the RBF strata (p>0.05). The cumulative duration over a six-month period of stock-outs of five key drugs (paracetamol, amoxicillin, oxytocin, iron, sulfadoxine pyrimetamine) decreased from 51 days to 29 days (p<0.05). Direct revenues per health facility increased more in the RBF strata (p<0.05). Financial viability increased in RBF_PRPSS stratum. Health services utilization improved significantly for institutional delivery, tetanus toxoid immunization, DTP (Hib) HepB 3 and MCV immunization and curative care. Decreasing of maternal and neonatal mortalities in RBF strata were not significant.Conclusions: In sum, the RBF implementation has not yet generated a significant effect on the overall performance of the health system in exposed areas, although it is already accompanied by a significant improvement in the utilization of certain health care services.
Fate of e-waste in households in Enugu West Senatorial District of Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Umegbolu Emmanuel I.
Published: September 2018

Background: E-waste, is the waste generated from used electrical and electronic devices that are no longer fit for their original intended use. Currently e-waste comprises more than 5% of total municipal waste flow, equivalent to 20-50 million tonnes annually worldwide. In 2014, Nigeria generated about 219 kilo tonnes of e-waste. The study aimed to increase public awareness on the need for proper management of e-waste because of its hazardous nature.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in Enugu West Senatorial District of Enugu State comprising Oji-River, Ezeagu, Udi, Awgu and Aninri Local Government Areas with a population of 980,988. An adaptation of the UNEP, EMPA and Basel convention questionnaire, administered to 400 households was used for data collection.Results: The potential e-waste generation in the study area was 0.05 kg per inhabitant. 76% of the households were aware of the hazards of e-waste. 64% were willing to give out their e-waste to waste collectors. Only 26% of the e-waste were collected with the general waste. The correlation between awareness of the hazards of e-waste and willingness of the households to give out their e-waste was positive, moderate, and insignificant (r= 0.43, p=0.47).Conclusions: Although 76 per cent of the households were aware of the hazards of e-waste, with 64% willing to give out their e-waste, only 26% of the e-waste were eventually collected together with the general waste. There is a need to create a separate e-waste collection system.
Medical students’ perception towards introducing Facebook as an educational tool in respiratory module-faculty of Medicine-King Abdulaziz University
Authors: Elsamanoudy Ayman Z. , El Saadany Sherif A. , Ghoneim Fatma M. , Abulata Nelly N. , Abu-Kamer Rasha A. , Hassanien Mohammed A.
Published: September 2018

Background: A social-network is often a kind of social media that is the dedicated website or application. It can enhance, detract from, or magnify the participant’s professional image. Facebook could be of benefit in learning process This article evaluates the trial of introducing Facebook, as an educational tool for second-year medical students in the College of Medicine [The Respiratory Module], King Abdulaziz University.Methods: Introducing Facebook is directed to second-year medical students in the College of Medicine [The Respiratory Module]. A 20-point questionnaire was created and distributed online. It was designed to describe students' perception towards introducing Facebook as an educational tool. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results: The results reveal an overall good perception score regarding most of the questionnaire items. The lowest scores were found in two items only; the role of Facebook to improve the students' writing skills as well as the proposed use of Facebook and other social networks for teaching by most of the staff members. The overall students' satisfaction index satisfaction (77%). Moreover, matching the overall students' satisfaction index to the overall success rate shows a high success rate (99%) that is matched with 77% satisfaction index.Conclusions: From the current study, it could be concluded that professional use of Facebook as an educational tool is associated with good student's perception, satisfaction index and better academic performance. So, Facebook can be used and considered as one of the most efficient online learning community tool.
Psychological well-being and substance abuse among adolescents (13 to 19 years) in Central Kerala
Authors: Aiyappan Rajalakshmy , Abraham Sherin Billy , Mary Aneeta Veronica , K. J. Amritalakshmy , V. An Rahael , K. U. Anagha , Lal Vijay , Aravindakshan Rajeev
Published: September 2018

Background: Adolescence is a developmental phase between childhood and adulthood, a period where one gains a desire of intimacy and increased responsibilities. Based on their interaction with family and society, adolescents develop positive outcomes such as getting involved in healthy behaviour and negative outcomes such as depression and substance abuse. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of poor psychological well-being and substance abuse among adolescents (13 to 19 years) in Central Kerala, and to assess the role of substance abuse in psychological well-being in adolescents.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 secondary and higher secondary school students in three government aided institutions in Central Kerala. All students available in the school at the time of the study formed the inclusion criteria; however, 10th standard students were excluded. Data on basic demographic variables were collected. General Health Questionnaire and Adolescent Alcohol Drug Involvement Scale (AADIS) were used to collect information on psychological wellbeing and alcohol use. The data were entered and analysed using standard statistical package. For significance testing, Chi square test was carried out.Results: Mean age was 14.49 years with a standard deviation of 1.31. Males were 64.5% and 82.6% belonged to nuclear family. Psychological wellbeing was significantly better in males compared to females (p=0.025). Males (7.6%) and females (4.3%) were found to be using alcohol by AADIS questionnaire. Those who were not under the influence of alcohol had better well-being when compared to those who consumed alcohol (p=0.0016).Conclusions: Prevalence of poor psychological wellbeing and substance abuse among adolescents was 7.8% and 6.4% respectively. Females were more emotionally unstable than males. Substance abuse cause further deterioration of mental function in adolescents.
Substance abuse disorder: a cross-sectional study assessing status in rural economically productive population of field practice area of tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Arjaria Vibha , Trivedi Sushrut , Purohit Saurabh
Published: September 2018

Background: The epidemic of substance abuse in young generation has assumed alarming dimensions in India. Changing cultural values, increasing economic stress and dwindling supportive bonds are leading to initiation into substance use.  Cannabis, heroin, and Indian-produced pharmaceutical drugs are the most frequently abused drugs in India. Economically productive age group is (15-59 yrs) is a vulnerable group for usage of substance abuse leading to an interest of researcher for conducting the study. Present study aims preliminarily on the prevalence of usage of alcohol and other substances of abuse locally available like cannabis and its products, morphine and its products and pharmaceutical drugs of abuse without prescription in rural India. Secondly study aims to estimate the association of substance abuse disorder with various socio-demographic variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 participants residing in six selected villages of rural field practice area of native tertiary care hospital. Statistical Analysis: Statistical methods which applied are: percentage and proportion, mean and standard deviation, chi-square test.Results: Present study showed almost 11.4% participants had high possibility of getting diagnosed with substance abuse disorder while an association found with age, marital status, gender and occupation of participants.Conclusions: The present study revealed that more than 10% study participants(11.4%) of had the probability of suffering from some kind of substance abuse disorder indicating it’s a public health problem in rural India. Study results opens a door toward less discussed rural population in contexts of substance abuse.