bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio, arm span and arm span-height difference of healthy adolescents in Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Moelyo Annang Giri , Yogasatria Lucky , Setyawan Yusak Aditya , Rokhayati Evi
Published: June 2018

Background Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio (SHR), arm span, and arm span-height difference (AHD) are indices to diagnose conditions of disproportion. Reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD for Indonesian children are limited.
Objective To compile reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in Indonesian adolescents, and to compare these indices for boys and girls at various ages.
Methods A population-based survey was conducted from August 2016 to November 2017 in three high schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit healthy adolescents without history of chronic disease, history of physical trauma, and/or physical disabilities. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and arm span), and their ethnic origins were noted. The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method was used for reference construction.
Results Of 639 subjects, 42% were male. Body mass index (BMI) values were similar between males and females. Mean height, weight, sitting height, and arm span of males were greater than those of females. The mean male and female SHRs were 51.1 (SD 1.6) % and 51.0 (SD 1.6) %, respectively (P=0.36), while the mean AHDs were 4.2 (SD 4.5) cm and 3.4 (SD 4.1) cm, respectively (P=0.02). The formula to estimate height based on arm span in males was [height = (0.78 x arm span) + 32.14] in cm. The formula in females was [height = (0.66 x arm span) + 50.59] in cm.
Conclusion There was no significant difference in SHR between male and female adolescents. However, males haVE significantly larger mean AHD than females. We provide references on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in male and female adolescents.
West syndrome and mosaic trisomy 13: A case report
Authors: Ben Hamouda Hechmi , Soua Habib , Dogui Mohamed , Hamza Hassine , Sfar Mohamed Tahar
Published: June 2018

Trisomy 13, or Patau syndrome, is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by a triad of cleft lip and palate, postaxial polydactyly, and microphthalmia, with an incidence ranging between 1/5,000 and 1/20,000 births.1 Most patients (80%) with Patau syndrome have complete trisomy 13. Mosaic trisomy 13 is very rare; it occurs in only 5% of all patients with the trisomy 13 phenotype.2 Trisomy 13 is a clinically severe entity, and 90 to 95% of patients born with this syndrome do not survive beyond one year of life. However, patients with mosaic trisomy 13 usually have longer survival and less severe phenotype compared to patients with complete trisomy 13. Malformations mainly affect midline development, with a high frequency of central nervous system involvement. The presence of central nervous system malformations is important as a predictive factor of survival.1,3 It is well known that the incidence of epilepsy is higher in children with Patau syndrome than in the general population, and West syndrome or infantile spasms have been rarely reported in these children.1,4,5 Prior to our report, there has been no case report of West syndrome associated with mosaic trisomy 13. The association of West syndrome with trisomy 13 is considered a symptomatic West syndrome because of preexisting psychomotor development delay and the poor prognosis in most of these children.6 We report here the first case of West syndrome in a girl with mosaic trisomy 13 and discuss the clinical characteristics and prognosis of this association.
Ambivalent sexism and bonding mother as predictors of interpersonal cognitive distortions
Authors: Bozkur Binaz , Gündoğdu Mehmet
Published: June 2018

Relationships of a person are influenced by cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects. Cognitive distortions are affected by both personal history and the social norms. The present study aims to focus on ambivalent sexism and bonding to mother that may affect interpersonal cognitive distortions. Then, the relationship between ambivalent sexism, bonding to mother and interpersonal cognitive distortions are investigated. Method: Study group was consisted of 349 university students. The results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between interpersonal cognitive distortions and ambivalent sexism. Also, a negative significant relationship between cognitive distortions and bonding to mother was observed. Regression analysis showed that hostile sexism, bonding to the mother- over protective sub-dimension, benevolent sexism and bonding to the mother- care/control sub-dimension predicted interpersonal cognitive distortions. The results indicate that interpersonal cognitive distortion is affected by bonding to the mother as a significant variable in person’s history and sexism as an imposed social norm. As a result, in order to decrease interpersonal cognitive distortions, preventive studies on sexism may be crucial in the education process and mental health services.
Prospective teachers’ opinions related to the ideal school
Authors: Sezer Şenol
Published: June 2018

In this study, it was aimed to determine prospective teachers’ opinions related to the ideal school. The case study design, as one of the qualitative research patterns, was used. The study group was 24 prospective teachers attending Ordu University Faculty of Education during 2016-2017 academic year. The participants were determined by using a criterion sampling technique. A semi-structured grid form was used to collect data. Prospective teachers produced 480 valid views for the ideal school. Based on the participants’ views, 15 sub-themes were determined. The findings point out that the structural qualifications, the content and educational purposes are essential for ideal school curriculum. Prospective teachers give priority to personal competence, technical sufficiency and democratic attitudes for ideal school management. The findings also show that value-based communication, solidarity and sustainability are the main characteristics in inter-student communication for ideal school. In addition, it is specified that the teachers should display student-centred attitude, should have professional and personal competences for ideal schools.
Efficient algorithms for adaptive influence maximization
Authors: Han Kai , Huang Keke , Xiao Xiaokui , Tang Jing , Sun Aixin , Tang Xueyan
Published: June 2018

Given a social network
G
, the influence maximization (IM) problem seeks a set
S
of
k
seed nodes in
G
to maximize the expected number of nodes activated via an influence cascade starting from
S.
Although a lot of algorithms have been proposed for IM, most of them only work under the
non-adaptive
setting, i.e., when all
k
seed nodes are selected before we observe how they influence other users. In this paper, we study the
adaptive
IM problem, where we select the
k
seed nodes in batches of equal size
b
, such that the choice of the
i
-th batch can be made after the influence results of the first
i
- 1 batches are observed. We propose the first practical algorithms for adaptive IM with an approximation guarantee of 1 − exp(ξ − 1) for
b
= 1 and 1 − exp(ξ − 1 + 1/
e
) for
b
> 1, where ξ is any number in (0, 1). Our approach is based on a novel AdaptGreedy framework instantiated by non-adaptive IM algorithms, and its performance can be substantially improved if the non-adaptive IM algorithm has a small
expected
approximation error. However, no current non-adaptive IM algorithms provide such a desired property. Therefore, we further propose a non-adaptive IM algorithm called EPIC, which not only has the same worst-case performance bounds with that of the state-of-the-art non-adaptive IM algorithms, but also has a reduced expected approximation error. We also provide a theoretical analysis to quantify the performance gain brought by instantiating AdaptGreedy using EPIC, compared with a naive approach using the existing IM algorithms. Finally, we use real social networks to evaluate the performance of our approach through extensive experiments, and the experimental experiments strongly corroborate the superiorities of our approach.
Trajectory simplification
Authors: Zhang Dongxiang , Ding Mengting , Yang Dingyu , Liu Yi , Fan Ju , Shen Heng Tao
Published: June 2018

The ubiquitousness of GPS sensors in smart-phones, vehicles and wearable devices has enabled the collection of massive volumes of trajectory data from tracing moving objects. Consequently, an unprecedented scale of timestamped GPS data has been generated and posed an urgent demand for an effective storage mechanism for trajectory databases. The mainstream compression technique is called trajectory simplification, that finds a subsequence to approximate the original trajectory and attempts to minimize the information loss under a distance measure. Even though various simplification algorithms have been proposed in the past decades, there still lacks a thorough comparison to cover all the state-of-the-art algorithms and evaluate their quality using datasets in diversified motion patterns. Hence, it still remains a challenge for GPS data collectors to determine a proper algorithm in a concrete application. In addition, almost the entire line of previous methods uses error-based metrics to evaluate the compression quality, while ignoring their usability in supporting spatio-temporal queries on top of the reduced database. To bridge these gaps, we conduct so far the most comprehensive evaluation on trajectory simplification techniques. We compare the performance of 25 algorithms in total using five real datasets in different motion patterns. According to the experimental findings, we present useful guidance for the selection or development of effective trajectory simplification algorithms.
Evaluating end-to-end optimization for data analytics applications in weld
Authors: Palkar Shoumik , Thomas James , Narayanan Deepak , Thaker Pratiksha , Palamuttam Rahul , Negi Parimajan , Shanbhag Anil , Schwarzkopf Malte , Pirk Holger , Amarasinghe Saman , Madden Samuel , Zaharia Matei
Published: June 2018

Modern analytics applications use a diverse mix of libraries and functions. Unfortunately, there is no optimization across these libraries, resulting in performance penalties as high as an order of magnitude in many applications. To address this problem, we proposed Weld, a
common runtime
for existing data analytics libraries that performs key physical optimizations such as pipelining under existing, imperative library APIs. In this work, we further develop the Weld vision by designing an automatic adaptive optimizer for Weld applications, and evaluating its impact on realistic data science workloads. Our optimizer eliminates multiple forms of overhead that arise when composing imperative libraries like Pandas and NumPy, and uses lightweight measurements to make data-dependent decisions at run-time in ad-hoc workloads where no statistics are available, with sub-second overhead. We also evaluate which optimizations have the largest impact in practice and whether Weld can be integrated into libraries incrementally. Our results are promising: using our optimizer, Weld accelerates data science workloads by up to 23X on one thread and 80X on eight threads, and its adaptive optimizations provide up to a 3.75X speedup over rule-based optimization. Moreover, Weld provides benefits if even just 4--5 operators in a library are ported to use it. Our results show that common runtime designs like Weld may be a viable approach to accelerate analytics.
Simultaneous pyrolysis and trimethylsilylation with N-methyl-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide for the characterisation of lignocellulosic materials from kraft pulping
Authors: Melo Tamires O. , Tomasi Jéssica D.C. , Pires Osmar A.B. , Marques Francisco A. , Hansel Fabricio A.
Published: June 2018

Simultaneous pyrolysis and trimethylsilylation (SPyT) withN-methyl-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) was used to characterise lignocellulosic materials from pine and eucalyptus obtained by kraft pulping. This approach protects the carboxyl groups and helps preserve the original structure of phenolic products during analytical pyrolysis, and so that pyrolysis and derivatisation occur simultaneously and the fragments of underivatised compounds are also silylatated. The SPyT products are representative for the structures present in carbohydrates and lignin of the investigated materials. The method is also suited to semi-quantitative evaluation also in terms of detection of condensed lignin structures in pulps and kraft lignins.
The association between school bullying victimization and substance use among adolescents in Malawi: the mediating effect of loneliness
Authors: Kim Youn Kyoung , Okumu Moses , Small Eusebius , Nikolova Silviya Pavlova , Mengo Cecilia
Published: June 2018

Background and objectives

Research has shown an increased prevalence of substance use among adolescents in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Peer affiliation, bullying, and psychological stress are significantly associated with substance use. This study empirically tested theoretical frameworks linking peer affiliation, bullying victimization, loneliness and substance use (specifically tobacco or alcohol use) among adolescents.

Materials and methods

Data were obtained from the 2009 Malawi Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) with a representative sample of 2359 students aged 13–17 years in Malawi, Sub-Saharan Africa. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation. The study conducted path analyses using Mplus to test the conceptual models of tobacco use and alcohol use.

Results

The results showed that lonelinesspartiallymediated the association between bullying victimization and tobacco use in the first model, as well as the relationship between bullying victimization and alcohol use in the second model. Results indicated statistically significant indirect paths from bullying victimization to tobacco use and alcohol use through the mediation of loneliness. However, peer affiliation did not directly predict bullying victimization in the two path models; it directly predicted tobacco use only.

Conclusions

These findings have important implications in early intervention for health practitioners in school and mental health settings to prevent feelings of loneliness and substance use among adolescents who have experience with bullying victimization but no experience with depression, alcohol use or tobacco use.
Pseudo Almost Periodicity and Its Applications to Impulsive Nonautonomous Partial Functional Stochastic Evolution Equations
Authors: Yan Zuomao , Jia Xiumei
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we establish a new composition theorem for pseudo almost periodic functions under non-Lipschitz conditions. We apply this new composition theorem together with a fixed-point theorem for condensing maps to investigate the existence of

p

$p$

-mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solutions for a class of impulsive nonautonomous partial functional stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces, and then, the exponential stability of

p

$p$

-mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solutions is studied. Finally, an example is given to illustrate our results.
Quantification of fetal myocardial function in pregnant women with diabetic diseases and in normal controls using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)
Authors: Rolf Nina , Kerschke Laura , Braun Janina , Falkenberg Maria Karina , Hammer Kerstin , Köster Helen Ann , Möllers Mareike , Oelmeier de Murcia Kathrin , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf
Published: June 2018

Background

The purpose of our study was to quantify the fetal myocardial function in pregnant women with diabetic diseases (FDM) and in normal controls (FC) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).

Methods

In this prospective study, the myocardial strain and dyssynchrony were analyzed using STE in a transversal four-chamber view in 180 fetuses (53 FDM, 127 FC) between 19 and 39 weeks of gestation. The measurements of the global and segmental longitudinal strain of both chambers (2C) and of the single left chamber (1C) were executed offline via QLab 10.5 (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA, USA). We assessed dyssynchrony as the time difference between peaks in strain in the mid segments of both chambers (interventricular dyssynchrony, 2C_DYS) and of the single left chamber (intraventricular dyssynchrony, 1C_DYS).

Results

Measurements were feasible with a high median frame rate of 199 frames/s (1st quartile: 174, 3rd quartile: 199). The global and segmental myocardial longitudinal strain of 2C and 1C were decreased and 2C_DYS and 1C_DYS were increased in pregnancies with diabetes compared to normal controls.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that fetal hearts affected by maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) show low myocardial strain values and high interventricular dyssynchrony. Two-chamber interventricular dyssynchrony has the potential to become a diagnostic marker for DM.
Experimental Study on Mechanical and Energy Properties of Granite under Dynamic Triaxial Condition
Authors: Wang Z. L. , Li H. R. , Wang J. G. , Shi H.
Published: June 2018

This article experimentally investigates the mechanical and energy properties of granite under dynamic triaxial loading through improved split Hopkinson pressure bar tests. These tests are conducted under five confining pressures of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 MPa. The effects of impact velocity (or strain rate) and confining pressure on stress-strain curve, dynamic strength, plastic deformation, energy dissipation, and failure mode are explored. The test results show that the dynamic strength of the granite obviously increases with the increase of confining pressure and strain rate. The plastic deformation of the granite increases, and a plastic yield platform is detected in the stress-strain curve as the confining pressure rises. The influence of strain rate on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion is mainly embodied in the cohesion, and the three-parameter Bieniawski criterion is the best to fit these experimental data. The energy evolution course is divided into four stages according to the slope of stress-strain curve. The effects of energy dissipation density and strain rate on the granite strength are similar to each other. The strain rate and energy dissipation density have a good linear relationship with the incident energy under certain confining pressure. For the same incident energy, both strain rate and energy dissipation density decrease with the increase of confining pressure. However, no clear correlation between energy dissipation rate and incident energy is observed. When the confining pressure increases from 0 to 20 MPa, the dissipation rate of energy is decreased by 62.5 %. Besides, the crack propagation velocity and the damage degree of the granite increase with the energy dissipation density, and the failure modes of the specimens change from the axial splitting to the oblique shear as confining pressure increases.
Trajectories of Environmental Justice
Authors: Jessup Brad
Published: June 2018

Before the last state election, the current Victorian government promised from opposition to develop an Environmental Justice Plan if elected. It acknowledged international best practice as a benchmark for such a plan, though it did not recognise the legacy of environmental justice activism and scholarship locally. With the plan still in progress, this article considers the global histories and future directions of environmental justice and a literature-based framework for curating a Victorian plan. It breaks with the common understanding, including that held by government bureaucrats in Victoria, of environmental justice emerging from the United States in the 1980s. The article situates Victoria within that past, the current and future of the concept of environmental justice. Two notable recent legal events affirm the need for, and suggest the shape of, a Victorian environmental justice approach – the housing estate gas leak in outer suburban Melbourne and the Hazelwood coal mine fire in regional Victoria
Brasileiro, historiador da Nação. Notas esparsas sobre o estilo em Varnhagen
Authors: Sá Ana Priscila De Sousa
Published: June 2018

Concebendo que o estilo pode revelar pistas para entender quem escreve e de onde escreve, a proposta do presente texto é oferecer algumas notas sobre o estilo na obra de Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen. Em meio às tensões da escrita da história na metade do século XIX e sendo membro do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro; Varnhagen pensa sua escrita nos moldes de uma história científica, pautada na busca da verdade e na imparcialidade no trato com as fontes. Como homem e estilo estão imbricados, no limite, Varnhagen também escrevia com o propósito de ser brasileiro, e um dos grandes.
A narrativa fotográfica da Princesa do Sul a partir do Álbum de Pelotas (1922)
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana Couto
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o Álbum de Pelotas, publicado em 1922, a partir de duas perspectivas. A primeira refere-se à estrutura da obra, enfatizando as características técnicas da sua produção. A segunda diz respeito à apreciação formal do seu conteúdo, adotando como metodologia de trabalho o ordenamento criado pelo editor Clodomiro Carriconde. Contudo, visando aprofundar a análise das imagens editadas no álbum, optou-se por examinar a série de fotografias intituladas “Município de Pelotas” a fim de compreender o uso do discurso de modernidade que permeia a seleção imagética.
Entre a tática e a estratégia nos campos de concentração em Maus de Art Spiegelman
Authors: Arcanjo Thiago Soares
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal realizar uma breve análise da trajetória de Vladek Spiegelman (sobrevivente dos campos de concentração/extermínio e pai do quadrinista Art Spiegelman), tendo como enfoque as relações de poder que permearam sua vida quando cativo dos nazistas. Para isso, os conceitos estratégia e tática de Michel de Certeau, serão utilizados como ferramentas de problematização. Na primeira parte do artigo será realizado uma breve discussão sobre a fonte (HQ) e a obra em questão (Maus: a história de um sobrevivente). O segundo momento é dedicado ao contexto histórico da obra. As partes finais do artigo serão dedicadas para a discussão dos conceitos acima mencionados.
Serpents secs et grenouilles bouillies : se dépasser ou être dépassés
Authors: Poupart Robert
Published: June 2018

Version originale parue dans le vol. 1 no. 2 (1992)
Les nouvelles formes de gestion flexible du travail Esquisse d’une démarche théorique
Authors: Meddeb Brahim
Published: June 2018

Version originale parue dans le vol. 1 no. 2 (1992)
L' analyse factorielle et son utilisation dans l’examen des phénomènes sociocomportementaux : quelques clarifications méthodologiques
Authors: Jean Éric
Published: June 2018

Parmi les diverses méthodes d’analyse des données, l’analyse factorielle a reçu une attention particulière de la part des chercheurs de plusieurs disciplines scientifiques. L’avènement des logiciels statistiques conviviaux permettant de procéder aisément à certaines analyses, par exemple, la validation de construit d’un instrument psychométrique, peut en partie expliquer cette popularité. Il s’avère toutefois que cette convivialité peut dans certains cas favoriser une utilisation inadéquate de l’analyse factorielle et que le choix des méthodes utilisées a peu évolué, malgré l’amélioration croissante des outils disponibles. L’objectif du présent article, qui ne prétend pas livrer une analyse exhaustive des considérations techniques relatives à ce type d’analyse, consiste à apporter quelques précisions permettant de prendre des décisions éclairées lorsque le choix d’une analyse factorielle est envisagé par un chercheur ou un étudiant-chercheur. Afin de guider la réflexion, une question précise est posée : est-il possible de faire une rotation oblique lors d’une analyse en composante principale? La réponse à cette question nécessite d’abord de distinguer certains concepts liés à l’analyse factorielle pour ensuite proposer quelques éléments de réponse.
« Consommation collaborative » ou la rencontre improbable entre organisations, communautés et individus
Authors: Ertz Myriam
Published: June 2018

Malgré la multiplication des études empiriques sur le sujet de la consommation collaborative, force est de constater que les bases conceptuelles et théoriques relatives à ce phénomène demeurent relativement faibles. Cette constatation est d’autant plus remarquable eu égard au fait que la jonction entre individus, organisations et communauté, qu’induit la consommation collaborative, a des répercussions profondes sur les circuits marchands conventionnels. Cet article vise à étoffer les fondements théoriques et conceptuels liés au concept de consommation collaborative en l’explorant sous l’angle plus circonscrit des pratiques de mutualisation et de redistribution de biens tangibles, appelées pratiques de seconde vie des objets. L’étude propose ainsi, tout d’abord, une définition de la consommation collaborative, suivie ensuite par l’introduction d’un cadre conceptuel dans lequel s’inscrit le sous-ensemble des pratiques de seconde vie des objets, avant de conclure sur l’impact du phénomène sur le processus du consommateur.
Proteomics study of serum exosomes from papillary thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Luo Dan , Zhan Shaohua , Xia Wenchao , Huang Liang , Ge Wei , Wang Tianxiao
Published: June 2018

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is related to increased risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. Tumour exosomes have been shown to be associated with metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, we aim to identify the characteristics and biological functions of serum exosomes in lymph node metastases of PTC. We compared proteome profiles of serum-purified exosomes (SPEs) from PTC patients with LNM, PTC patients without LNM, and healthy donors, using a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy analyses and tandem mass tag label quantitation analysis. We identified 1569 proteins by two or more unique peptides. Compared with the SPEs of PTC patients without LNM, we found 697 differentially expressed proteins in the SPEs of PTC patients with LNM. Our results revealed overexpression of specific proteins with well-established links to cancer cell metastasis, such as SRC, TLN1, ITGB2 and CAPNS1. Consistent with mass spectrum results, we performed Western blot to detect the expression of these proteins in individual sample. Biological pathway analyses showed that integrin signalling was aberrantly activated in the SPEs of PTC patients with LNM compared to those without LNM. Our study reveals that SPEs of PTC patients with lymph node metastases promote BHT101 thyroid cancer cell invasiveness, but have no apparent influence on cell migration. In the serum exosomes of PTC patients with LNM, integrin-associated proteins are obviously upregulated. These proteomic findings will contribute to elucidation of the pathophysiological functions of tumour-derived exosomes.
The role of GSK3 and its reversal with GSK3 antagonism in everolimus resistance
Authors: Aristizabal Prada Elke Tatjana , Spöttl Gerald , Maurer Julian , Lauseker Michael , Koziolek Eva Jolanthe , Schrader Jörg , Grossman Ashley , Pacak Karel , Beuschlein Felix , Auernhammer Christoph Joseph , Nölting Svenja
Published: June 2018

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) are often inoperable at diagnosis. The mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus has been approved for the treatment of advanced NETs. However, the regular development of resistance to everolimus limits its clinical efficacy. We established two independent everolimus-resistant panNET (BON1) cell lines (BON1 RR1, BON1 RR2) to find potential mechanisms of resistance. After 24 weeks of permanent exposure to 10 nM everolimus, BON1 RR1 and BON1 RR2 showed stable resistance with cellular survival rates of 96.70% (IC50 = 5200 nM) and 92.30% (IC50 = 2500 nM), respectively. The control cell line showed sensitivity to 10 nM everolimus with cellular survival declining to 54.70% (IC50 = 34 nM). Both resistant cell lines did not regain sensitivity over time and showed persistent stable resistance after a drug holiday of 13 weeks. The mechanisms of resistance in our cell line model included morphological adaptations, G1 cell cycle arrest associated with reduced CDK1(cdc2) expression and decreased autophagy. Cellular migration potential was increased and indirectly linked to c-Met activation. GSK3 was over-activated in association with reduced baseline IRS-1 protein levels. Specific GSK3 inhibition strongly decreased BON1 RR1/RR2 cell survival. The combination of everolimus with the PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719 re-established everolimus sensitivity through GSK3 inhibition and restoration of autophagy. We suggest that GSK3 over-activation combined with decreased baseline IRS-1 protein levels and decreased autophagy may be a crucial feature of everolimus resistance, and hence, a possible therapeutic target.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Wei Christina , Crowne Elizabeth C
Published: June 2018

Endocrine abnormalities are common among childhood cancer survivors. Abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) are relatively less common, but the consequences are severe if missed. Patients with tumours located and/or had surgery performed near the hypothalamic–pituitary region and those treated with an accumulative cranial radiotherapy dose of over 30 Gy are most at risk of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Primary adrenal insufficiency may occur in patients with tumours located in or involving one or both adrenals. The effects of adjunct therapies also need to be considered, particularly, new immunotherapies. High-dose and/or prolonged courses of glucocorticoid treatment can result in secondary adrenal insufficiency, which may take months to resolve and hence reassessment is important to ensure patients are not left on long-term replacement steroids inappropriately. The prevalence and cumulative incidences of HPAA dysfunction are difficult to quantify because of its non-specific presentation and lack of consensus regarding its investigations. The insulin tolerance test remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of central cortisol deficiency, but due to its risks, alternative methods with reduced diagnostic sensitivities are often used and must be interpreted with caution. ACTH deficiency may develop many years after the completion of oncological treatment alongside other pituitary hormone deficiencies. It is essential that health professionals involved in the long-term follow-up of childhood cancer survivors are aware of individuals at risk of developing HPAA dysfunction and implement appropriate monitoring and treatment.
Diet-induced thermogenesis: fake friend or foe?
Authors: Ho Ken K Y
Published: June 2018

Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is energy dissipated as heat after a meal, contributing 5–15% to total daily energy expenditure (EE). There has been a long interest in the intriguing possibility that a defect in DIT predisposes to obesity. However, the evidence is conflicting; DIT is usually quantified by indirect calorimetry, which does not measure heat. Using gas exchange, indirect calorimetry measures total post-prandial EE, which comprises heat energy produced from brown adipose tissue (BAT) and energy required for processing and storing nutrients. We questioned whether DIT is reliably quantified by indirect calorimetry by employing infrared thermography to independently assess thermogenesis. Thermogenic activity of BAT was stimulated by cold and by a meal that induced a parallel increase in energy production. These stimulatory effects on BAT thermogenesis were inhibited by glucocorticoids. However, glucocorticoids enhanced postprandial EE in the face of reduced BAT thermogenesis and stimulated lipid synthesis. The increase in EE correlated significantly with the increase in lipogenesis. As energy cannot be destroyed (first law of thermodynamics), the energy that would have been dissipated as heat after a meal is channeled into storage. Post-prandial EE is the sum of heat energy that is lost (true DIT) and chemical energy that is stored. Indirect calorimetry does not reliably quantify DIT. When estimated by indirect calorimetry, assumed DIT can be a friend or foe of energy balance. That gas exchange-derived DIT reflects solely energy dissipation as heat is a false assumption likely to explain the conflicting results on the role of DIT in obesity.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Lambl’s Excrescence on the Aortic Valve
Authors: Chong-lei Ren , Sheng-li Jiang , Rong Wang , Cang-song Xiao , Yao Wang , Chang-qing Gao
Published: June 2018

Objective: Our objective is to summarize our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of Lambl’s excrescence (LE) on the aortic valve. Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with LE admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 17 males and 8 females, with the mean age of 55.7 ± 11.43 years (range: 30 to 70 years). Among the patients analyzed, eight also had cerebral embolism. All of the patients were diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). In seven cases, surgical treatment to remove the excrescence was successfully performed. Results: All 25 patients were cured and discharged. There were no complications or operative mortalities in the seven patients that underwent surgical treatment. Follow-ups were performed for all patients for an average of 2.9 ± 1.5 years. During this time, none had a new cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusions: Most patients with LE are asymptomatic, though some patients showed repeated episodes of stroke. We recommend TEE as the main diagnostic means of the disease. Patients with LE that have experienced two or more CVAs or combined other heart disease and need open heart surgery should be offered surgical excision of the excrescences. Other patients should be treated conservatively with anticoagulation, or monitored closely.
Introgression of a Block of Genome Under Infinitesimal Selection
Authors: Sachdeva Himani , Barton Nicholas H
Published: June 2018

Adaptive introgression is common in nature and can be driven by selection acting on multiple, linked genes. We explore the effects of polygenic selection on introgression under the infinitesimal model with linkage. This model assumes that the introgressing block has an effectively infinite number of loci, each with an infinitesimal effect on the trait under selection. The block is assumed to introgress under directional selection within a native population that is genetically homogeneous. We use individual-based simulations and a branching process framework to compute various statistics of the introgressing block, and explore how these depend on parameters such as the map length and initial trait value associated with the introgressing block, the genetic variability along the block, and the strength of selection. Our results show that the introgression dynamics of a block under infinitesimal selection are qualitatively different from the dynamics of neutral introgression. We also find that, in the long run, surviving descendant blocks are likely to have intermediate lengths, and clarify how their length is shaped by the interplay between linkage and infinitesimal selection. Our results suggest that it may be difficult to distinguish the long-term introgression of a block of genome with a single, strongly selected, locus from the introgression of a block with multiple, tightly linked and weakly selected loci.
Tierra, agroindustria y transgénicos: Conflictos sociales populares en la Bolivia de la Madre Tierra
Authors: Guzmán Nohely
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza los complejos y abigarrados procesos de lucha social-popular boliviana alrededor de la tierra, y la negociación de esta entre las élites agroindustriales y el actual gobierno. En este, se aborda la problemática de los transgénicos y su vertiginosa expansión en las tierras productivas del territorio nacional a partir del sistemático avasallamiento de tierras y derechos, que respaldados por el Estado, reproducen y consolidan el viejo orden de dominación y su estructura patrimonialista de uso y tenencia de la tierra. El presente artículo regresa la mirada sobre la resistencia a los transgénicos y las luchas por la tierra como condiciones de producción y reproducción de la vida.
Identification of areas of potential land-use conflict in the Luján River basin, Argentina.
Authors: Buzai Gustavo D. , Principi Noelia
Published: June 2018

La Geografía, como ciencia espacial, se apoya en la utilización de métodos cuantitativos aplicados con Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). En este contexto, el modelado cartográfico y las técnicas de evaluación multicriterio permitieron definir una estrategia metodológica para la identificación de áreas de potencial conflicto entre usos del suelo en escala regional (LUCIS, Land-use conflict identification strategy). La investigación se realiza en la cuenca del río Luján con el objetivo de definir estas áreas como consecuencia de la futura competencia espacial entre el uso del suelo urbano, la producción agrícola y las áreas de conservación. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen una excelente herramienta de utilidad en la planificación territorial.
Análise socioambiental da produção de goiaba do município de Cariús (ce), Brasil.
Authors: Gomes de Sousa Sostenes , Souza da Silva Alencar Girlaine , Hermógenes de Alencar Francisco Hugo , Torres Ferreira da Costa Celme
Published: June 2018

La revolución verde diseminada a partir de la segunda midad del siglo XX, difundió el uso de agentes químicos y máquinas pesadas en la agricultura. Los agricultores tuvieron que adecuarse a esta política de masificación de uso de agrotóxicos y fertilizantes para obtener financiamiento bancario. Son pocos los estudios que abordan el impacto generado por esta actividad; el objetivo del estudio fue levantar aspectos socioambientales de la producción de guayaba, con vistas a identificar los problemas sociambientales generados en el Municipio de Cariús (CE), Brazil.  La falta de información sobre el uso apropiado de estos productos causa graves problemas en la salud, contamina la biota y a los consumidores.
Geoprocessamento aplicado a análise geoambiental no Município De Vitória da Conquista-Bahia
Authors: De Andrade-Oliveira Débora Paula , Barros-Santos Juliete , Rodrigues-Maia Meirilane , Oliveira Edvaldo , Maia-Lima Espedito
Published: June 2018

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las características geoambientales en la ciudad de Vitória da Conquista a través del geoprocesamiento, especialmente con el uso de teledetección y SIG, para presentar posibles subsidios a la planificación ambiental del municipio. A nivel metodológico, realizamos una discusión teórica y, en paralelo, el diseño y la preparación del plotter de proyecto y el análisis empírico. Los datos geográficos utilizados fueron el formato vectorial de shapefile y los rásteres de datos, con imágenes del satélite Landsat 8 y del radar SRTM, ingresados y procesados en el software libre del Sistema de Información Geográfica QGIS, y el sistema de referencia de coordenadas utilizado fue el SIRGAS 2000 UTM 24S. Los entornos tienen debilidades potenciales y específicas que deben tenerse en cuenta en el proceso de uso y ocupación de la tierra, lo que requiere una planificación urbana más efectiva y coherente con la realidad local.
Metodología para la valoración y evaluación de geomorfositios en Costa Rica
Authors: Pérez-Umaña Dennis , Quesada-Román Adolfo
Published: June 2018

El siguiente trabajo presenta la implementación de una metodología para la evaluación de geomorfositios en Costa Rica, tomando como área de estudio el Parque Nacional Volcán Poás. El objetivo es evaluar los geomorfositios existentes dentro de esta área silvestre protegida mediante una metodología de evaluación de geomorfositios, dicha metodología consiste en la comparación de las características científicas, culturales o añadidas y de uso y gestión presentes en el geomorfositio. Se determina que el Parque Nacional Volcán Poás tiene diversas formaciones que pueden ser consideradas como geomorfositios, además, que hay diversos valores agregados que denotan la importancia que tiene el volcán para la población costarricense. La metodología utilizada en este trabajo puede ser utilizada en otros territorios, con miras a que su implementación pueda colaborar al Ordenamiento Territorial de Costa Rica.
Mestizos, mulatos y zambos en la ciudad de Cartago (siglo XVIII)
Authors: Acuña León María De los Ángeles , Chavarría López Doriam
Published: June 2018

La ciudad de Cartago como centro urbano y político-administrativo más importante a lo largo del período colonial, ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios sobre su origen, población, demografía y otros. En este trabajo incursionamos en la vida cotidiana de mestizos, mulatos, zambos y otros mezclados. En primer lugar, nos referimos a los orígenes y fundación de la ciudad, en segunda instancia nos ocupamos de aclarar cuál fue la evolución demográfica y la distribución espacial de los moradores mixtos en la ciudad, luego revisamos la función de estos grupos en la economía y en la dinámica urbana y, por último, analizamos el significado del mestizaje en la sociedad colonial cartaginesa del período.
José Cecilio del Valle y Jeremy Bentham: coincidencias de pensamiento
Authors: Pérez Zumbado Danilo
Published: June 2018

El artículo establece una relación de ideas entre José Cecilio del Valle y Jeremy Bentham, específicamente, sobre las categorías mecanicismo y hombre económico, en el período de la independencia del Reino de Guatemala de España -finales del XVIII y principios del XIX-. Para tal efecto se hace una breve caracterización del contexto histórico e intelectual de cada uno de los personajes, en función de su procedencia social, formación y aportación intelectual.
Métodos y problemas en la historiografía chiapaneca: entrevista a Juan Pedro Viqueira Albán
Authors: Fuentes Horta Erick , Ledezma Díaz Rafael Ángel
Published: June 2018

El Dr. Juan Pedro Viqueira Albán -Ciudad de México, 1954- actualmente es profesor e investigador del Centro de Estudios Históricos de El Colegio de México. Con base en las tradiciones de la historia y la antropología social, sus investigaciones sobre demografía y geografía histórica han ofrecido elementos de análisis para comprender el pasado y la situación contemporánea de Chiapas. En ese sentido, dichos aportes han matizado las visiones simplistas e ideologizadas que sobre este Estado florecieron a raíz del levantamiento armado zapatista del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) el 1 de enero de 1994. En la presente entrevista nos interesa conocer su experiencia investigativa en la elaboración de tales estudios, cómo se ha renovado la historiografía chiapaneca en las últimas décadas, así como sus puntos de vista sobre los vínculos que se puedan hacer entre la historia de Chiapas y la de los países centroamericanos.
Comparação entre a evolução de pré-escolares com fibrose cística identificados por triagem neonatal ou por sintomatologia clínica
Authors: Lumertz Magali Santos , De Moura Ângela , Pinto Leonardo Araújo , Camargos Paulo Augusto Moreira , Marostica Paulo José Cauduro
Published: June 2018

AIMS: To compare clinical, laboratory and spirometric parameters of preschoolers (ages from three to six years old) with cystic fibrosis identified by abnormal newborn screening test (NS group), with data of patients whose diagnostic suspicion arose from characteristic clinical signs and symptoms (CS group).METHODS:  Retrospective cohort study, with a sample obtained from the medical charts of patients who received specialized and multidisciplinary outpatient follow-up. All the included children had a confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by sweat electrolyte testing and/or genetic sequencing. Variables included sex, weight, height, body mass index, number of hospitalizations per year, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, presence of pancreatic insufficiency and Shwachman score, which covers four domains: general activity, nutrition, radiological examination and physical evaluation, each one scored between 5 and 25 points. A total score ≤40 points indicates severe state, and ≥86 points indicates excellent state. For comparison of pulmonary function, data from the last spirometry performed before the age of six years were used. Outcomes were compared by chi-square or Student's t test, with a significance limit of 0.05.RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were included in the study, seven children in the NS group and 17 children in the CS group. The children of the NS group started follow-up with a mean age of 1.51±2.04 months, and those of the CS group started with 3.77±1.80 months (p=0.014). The mean Shwachman score was 94.40±2.19 in the NS vs. 87.67±8.00 in the CS group (p=0.018). The mean Z score for body mass index was 0.95±1.02 in the NS group vs. 0.51±1.05 in the CS group (p=0.051). Spirometric variables had slightly higher values in the NS group, with no statistically significant difference between groups.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that those patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis from the neonatal screening test suspicion benefited from an early intervention, being able to initiate pulmonary function tests and receive treatment and counseling earlier. Evaluation of clinical parameters with the Shwachman score showed that benefits could be already observed at the preschool age.
E-Maturity in Schools / Digitalna zrelost škola
Authors: Ristic Miroslava
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe successful integration of digital technologies in educational institutions is an imperative of any educational system in a developed society. Activities leading to the integration of digital technologies, i.e. implementation models, represent a challenge for developed countries as well as developing ones. In the European context, e-maturity in schools, is recognized as one of the key issues. The aim of this paper is to determine the indicators for assessing the level of e-maturity in Serbian schools and creating an evaluation model. In addition to a reinterpretation of the existing research and a comparative analysis, the method of modeling has been used in this paper. The proposed evaluation model can provide a basis for self-evaluation of e-maturity in schools and planning for the improvement of: digital culture at school; security and technical requirements and support; digital skills of teachers, students and employees in professional services; digital learning environment; inclusion of digital technology into the curriculum, as well as the effective implementation of digital technologies in the school organization. The evaluation model for e-maturity in schools is not only an instrument for evaluation, but also a model for effective management and decision-making. Key words: e-maturity; principal; school; student; teacher. ---SažetakUspješna integracija digitalnih tehnologija u obrazovne institucije imperativ je svakog obrazovnog sustava u razvijenom društvu. Aktivnosti koje vode do integracije digitalnih tehnologija, tj. modela implementacije, predstavljaju izazov za razvijene zemlje, kao i za one u razvoju. Pitanje digitalne zrelosti u školama, u europskom kontekstu, prepoznato je kao jedno od ključnih pitanja. Cilj je ovog rada utvrditi pokazatelje za procjenu razine digitalne zrelosti srpskih škola i stvaranje modela evaluacije. Osim reinterpretacije postojećih istraživanja i usporedne analize, u ovom se radu koristila metoda modeliranja. Predloženi model vrednovanja može pružiti osnovu za samoevaluaciju digitalne zrelosti u školama i planiranje poboljšanja digitalne kulture u školi; poboljšanja sigurnosti, tehničkih zahtjeva i podrške; digitalne vještine nastavnika, učenika i zaposlenika u stručnim službama; pružiti osnovu za digitalno okruženje za učenje; uključivanje digitalne tehnologije u nastavni plan i program, kao i osnovu za učinkovitu primjenu digitalnih tehnologija u organizaciji škole. Model ocjenjivanja digitalne zrelosti u školama nije samo instrument evaluacije već i model za učinkovito upravljanje i donošenje odluka.Ključne riječi: digitalna zrelost; ravnatelj; škola; učenik; nastavnik.