bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelayanan Holistik Terhadap Anak Remaja Korban Penyalahgunaan Napza: Peran Orang Tua
Authors: Silitonga Aprilyanto
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengerti tentang pelayanan holistik terhadap anak remaja yang menjadi korban penyalahgunaan NAPZA. Dan menjelaskan sejauh mana pelayanan holistik terhadap anak remaja korban penyalahgunaan NAPZA dilakukan sebagai peran orang tua sebagai jalan keluar yang baik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pada prinsipnya dalam pelayanan holistik terhadap korban NAPZA, adalah suatu hal yang cukup sulit, karena dibutuhkan kesabaran dalam segala hal. Pelayanan holistik bertujuan untuk memulihkan kembali suatu keadaan kepada yang semula. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, beberapa bentuk cara yang yang ditemukan sebagai implikasi pelayanan holistik: secara medis pembersihan tubuh seseorang dari zat adiktif tertentu dengan pertolongan medis dalam upaya menghilangkan efek zat adiktif dalam tubuh penderita disebut detoksiﬁkasi;secara psikologis, konseling, Wawancara/dialog dapat dilakukan dengan metode konseling, maupun modiﬁkasi/terapi perilaku, pelaksanaan kegiatan bimbingan mental psikologi ini merupakan tugas profesional dengan tanggung jawab professional. Korban penyalahgunaan NAPZA yang telah rnendapat pembinan-pembinaan, akan merasa puas secara psikologis setelah mereka mengerti dengan apa yang mereka dapatkan dalam hidup ini, sehingga mereka dapat menikmati dan menjalani hidup ini; secara Rohani, dapat dilakukan berdoa bersama, membaca Alkitab, renungan bersama. Perilaku seorang korban NAPZA yang mereﬂeksikan iman Kristennya dapat dilihat dari tutur kata, sopan santun dan tindakan korban sendiri dalam sikap hidup sehari-hari;secara sosiologis, dapat dilakukan konseling pribadi, dinamika kelompok, permainan kelompok, pemantauan dan pencatatan proses interaksi sosial klien dengan teman-teman dan pembimbingannya dalam kegiatan sendiri, perubahan tingkah laku. Karena itu manusia sebagai mahluk sosial perlu penyesuaian diri terhadap lingkungan dimana ia berada.
SettingsPengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM ) Kabupaten Soppeng
Authors: Adawiah Andi , Surianti Surianti , Fausiah Nurul
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PDAM Kabupaten Soppeng.Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PDAM Kabupaten Soppeng. Data yang digunakan melalui beberapa tahapan metode, diantaranya jenis penelitian adalah asosiasif adapun variabel yang digunakan adalah kompensasi dan kinerja karyawan. Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh karyawan PDAM Kabupaten Soppeng sebanyak 40 orang. Data yang diguanakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuisioner sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear sederhana. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa secara parsial kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hal ini dikarenakan nilai koefisien regresi variabel kompensasi(X) adalah sebesar 0,831 bernilai positif, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa kompensasi (X) berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y). Hasil ini juga mendukung hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa ada sesuatu di sekitar pekerja dan dapat mempengaruhi mereka dalam menyelesaikan tugas yang diturunkan kepada mereka. Dari hasil analisis ini dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa kompensasi yang baik akan menghasilkan kinerja karyawan yang lebih baik pula, sebaliknnya jika kompensasi tidak mendukung para perkerja maka akan buruk pula kinerja karyawan yang dihasilkan.Disarankan PDAM Kabupaten Soppeng lebih meningkatkan kesejahteraan karyawan berupa tunjangan kesehatan yang sesuai keadaan
Analisis Pengaruh Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Telkom Akses Area Soppeng
Authors: Asmini Asmini , Nur Alam Andi Rahma , Putri Amelia
Published: October 2022

Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Telkom Akses Area Soppeng. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua lokasi, yang beralamat di Jalan Pengayoman Kelurahan Botto Kecamatan Lalabata, dan di Jalan Appanang Raya Kecamatan Liliriaja Kabupaten Soppeng Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan PT. Telkom Akses Area Soppeng sebanyak 11 orang, sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan non probability sampling yaitu sampling jenuh sehingga Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 11 responden. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kinerja karyawan maka digunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian mengenai pengaruh Kompetensi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Telkom Akses Area Soppeng, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kompetensi Berpengaruh Positif dan Signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Telkom Akses Area Soppeng. Berdasarkan hasil kesimpulan, maka dapat disarankan kepada pihak PT. Telkom Akses Area Soppeng agar dalam meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawannya sebaiknya melalui peningkatan Kompetensi Karyawan dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, kemampuan ,nilai, sikap, dan minat karyawan
PEMBUBARAN ORMAS HTI ( HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA ) DEMOKRASI HUKUM DAN KEKUATAN NEGARA
Authors: Rozikin Rozikin
Published: October 2022

Tantangan demokrasi sudah mulai muncul sejak awal kemerdekaan Indonesia yakni munculnya DI/TII yang dipimpin Karto Suwiryo, DI /TII ingin mendirikan negara Islam. Selanjutnya, pemberontakan PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia) pada September 1965, PKI menginginkan komunis menjadi idiologi negara Indonesia. Permaslaahn yang diteliti 1.Mengapa pemerintah Indonesia sudah final untuk membubarkan ormas HTI ( Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia ?. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dan metode yang digunakan adalah eksplanasi. keputusan pemerintah Indonesia sudah final untuk membubarkan HTI karena pemerintah Indonesia menganggap bahwa prinsip idiologi HTI bertentangan dengan demokrasi Pancasila.  Kedua, Pembubaran HTI oleh pemerintah Indonesia menjadi gerbang perdebatan public baik kalangan intelektual HTI. Indonesia adalah negara demokrasi yang berlandaskan hukum memberi kebebasan berserikat dan berpendapat para intelektual sepakat jika permasalahan HTI diselesaikan melalui jalur hukum, bahkan  HTI juga menempuh jalur hokum, namun pemerintah lebih mengdepankan kekuatannya untuk membubarkan HTI

Abstract

Challenges to democracy have started to emerge since the beginning of Indonesia's independence, namely the emergence of DI/TII led by Karto Suwiryo, DI/TII wants to establish an Islamic state. Furthermore, the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) rebellion in September 1965, the PKI wanted communism to be the ideology of the Indonesian state. Problems studied 1. Why is the Indonesian government final to dissolve HTI organizations (Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia?. This research is a qualitative research and the method used is explanation. The Indonesian government's decision is final to dissolve HTI because the Indonesian government considers that the ideological principles of HTI are contrary to Pancasila democracy. Second, the dissolution of HTI by the Indonesian government has become a gateway for public debate among HTI intellectuals. Indonesia is a democratic country based on law that gives freedom of association and intellectual opinion agrees if HTI problems are resolved through legal channels, even HTI also takes legal channels, but the government prioritizes its power to dissolve HTI
TINJAUAN KRIMINOLOGIS TINDAK PIDANA PEMBEGALAN YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH PENGARUH MINUMAN KERAS
Authors: Dedhiyatno Ibnu
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan: 1) dampak mengkonsumsi minuman keras dalam melatarbelakangi munculnya tindak pidana pembegalan di Kota Semarang; dan 2) upaya penegakan hukum terhadap dampak mengkonsumsi minuman keras dalam melatarbelakangi munculnya tindak pidana pembegalan di Kota Semarang. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris, artinya cara atau prosedur yang digunakan penulis secara langsung turun ke lapangan untuk memperoleh data up to date terkait topik penelitian, yaitu di Kapolrestabes Semarang. Spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif, sehingga sesuai untuk menggambarkan dampak mengkonsumsi minuman keras dalam melatarbelakangi munculnya tindak pidana pembegalan di wilayah hukum Polrestabes Semarang, serta upaya penegakan hukum oleh Polrestabes Semarang terhadap peningkatan tindak pidana pembegalan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 1) tindak pidana pembegalan di wilayah hukum Polrestabes Semarang mayoritas dilatarbelakangi konsumsi minuman keras oleh pelaku sebelum melakukan aksinya, yaitu sebanyak 63,37 persen. Sebesar 21,78 persen dilatarbelakangi adanya tekanan ekonomi, sebesar 9,90 persen lainnya dilatarbelakangi karena konsumsi narkoba, dan sisanya sebesar 4,95 persen dilat karena gaya hidup yang hedonis dari pelakunya. jumlah kasus tindak pidana begal yang berlangsung di wilayah hukum Polrestabes Semarang, semuanya sudah disidangkan dan berakhir di penjara

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explain: 1) the impact of consuming liquor in the background for the emergence of criminal acts of burglary in the city of Semarang; and 2) law enforcement efforts on the impact of consuming liquor in the background for the emergence of criminal acts of burglary in the city of Semarang. The type of research used is empirical juridical, meaning that the method or procedure used by the author directly goes to the field to obtain up-to-date data related to the research topic, namely at the Semarang Police Headquarters. The research specification is descriptive in nature, so it is appropriate to describe the impact of consuming liquor in the background for the emergence of criminal acts of robbery in the jurisdiction of the Semarang Police, as well as the efforts of law enforcement by the Semarang Police to increase the crime of robbery. The results of the study show that 1) the majority of criminal acts of robbery in the jurisdiction of the Semarang Polrestabes were motivated by the consumption of liquor by the perpetrators before committing the action, which was 63.37 percent. As many as 21.78 percent were motivated by economic pressure, the other 9.90 percent was motivated by drug consumption, and the remaining 4.95 percent was due to the hedonic lifestyle of the perpetrators. From the number of cases of criminal acts of robbery that took place in the jurisdiction of Polrestabes Semarang, all of them have been tried and ended up in prison
TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM DIREKSI TERHADAP KERUGIAN PERUSAHAAN DALAM PENGURUSAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Adjar Waskito Purbo
Published: October 2022

The Board of Directors as the organ of the PT is to represent the interests of the PT as an independent legal subject. This is because PT is the cause of the existence (raison d'etre) of the board of directors, because if there is no PT, then the board of directors will never exist. The problems that will be examined are 1. Why do losses occur in the company due to the management of PT?, 2. What is the role of the Board of Directors in managing company losses in the management of a limited liability company? The research method used is normative juridical. The occurrence of losses in the management of PT is caused by froud carried out by the directors, Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Company errors, the Company does not yet have legal instruments in the form of work management. Abuse of Authority of the Board of Directors. The role of the Board of Directors on company losses in managing a limited liability company as described and described, their duties as management of the company have the authority determined and limited by: 1. Legal provisions (Law No. 40 of 2007 and other related laws); 2. Company's Articles of Association; 3. GMS (General Meeting of Shareholders); 4. The “Ultra Virres” Doctrine; 5. Fiduciary Duty Principle. A Director who acts outside the provisions and limitations above, means that he has departed from the legal principle of representation and is qualified to have committed an act of abuse of authority
EVALUACIÓN DE LA ARCILLA NATURAL DE CHACO COMO ADSORBENTE EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS CONTAMINADAS CON ARSÉNICO
Authors: Callo Mamani Anjhela , Villanueva Salas José
Published: October 2022

El incremento de la concentración de arsénico (As) en las aguas disponibles para el consumo humano, se ha convertido en un problema global. Este hecho requiere del diseño de sistemas de tratamiento dirigidos a minimizar la concentración de este metal y mitigar sus efectos, por lo que el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la capacidad de adsorción de As de la arcilla de Chaco, de la región de Arequipa en Perú, para la depuración de aguas contaminadas provenientes de efluentes mineros. Esta evaluación se basó en el ajuste de las isotermas de adsorción de Freundlich y Langmuir empleando un sistema de jarras. Las condiciones de temperatura, pH y masa de sólido adsorbente empleadas fueron definidas a partir de un experimento exploratorio inicial. La mejor capacidad de remoción, se obtuvo para la combinación de pH, temperatura y masa de sólido en 3, 18 ºC y 1,2 g respectivamente; el mejor ajuste fue para el modelo de Langmuir con un R2 de 0,986 y una capacidad de adsorción máxima de 3,543 mg/g, considerada como aceptable. Se concluyó que los parámetros del modelo de Langmuir corroboraron que el sistema de adsorción evaluado puede ser viable para la remoción del arsénico.
SOPA DESHIDRATADA A BASE DE ZAPALLO “LOCHE” (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), CAÑIHUA (Chenopodium pallidicaule) Y PESCADO “BONITO” (Sarda chilensis chilensis), FORTIFICADA CON DHA DE Schizochytrium sp.
Authors: Minaya Agüero Carmen del Pilar , Jordán Suarez Oscar , Figueroa Vargas Machuca Manuel Eduardo
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue formular una sopa deshidratada enriquecida con harina de zapallo “loche” (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) y pescado “bonito” (Sarda chilensis chilensis), fortificada con DHA de la microalga Schizochytrium sp. Se deshidrataron harina de bonito y vegetales a 50°C - 60°C, hasta obtener una humedad del 3% y ausencia de pardeamiento no enzimático, con lo cual se formularon y evaluaron sensorialmente (aspecto, olor y sabor) seis (6) sopas deshidratadas por un panel de 30 niños, de 3 a 6 años, utilizando la escala hedónica facial de cinco puntos. Se aplicaron las pruebas ANOVA y Tukey con un nivel de significancia estadística p<0,05. Hubo diferencia significativa en el atributo apariencia con F5 (5 g de pescado “bonito” y 5 g de zapallo “loche”). Se concluyó que F5 tuvo la mejor aceptabilidad sensorial.
INFECCIONES DEL TRACTO URINARIO EN GESTANTES DEL SERVICIO DE GINECO-OBSTETRICIA DEL HOSPITAL NACIONAL ADOLFO GUEVARA VELASCO - CUSCO
Authors: Yépez Tápara Juana , Anchari Oblitas Yuliza , Sota Cano Angela
Published: October 2022

Las infecciones bacterianas en el tracto urinario son muy comunes en gestantes y están relacionadas con partos prematuros y bajo peso al nacer. Los microorganismos más frecuentes son E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphilococcus y Micrococcus. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue identificar los principales agentes etiológicos y la resistencia antibiótica en infecciones del tracto urinario de gestantes del servicio Gineco - Obstetricia en el periodo de julio - diciembre 2019. Se revisaron 162 historias clínicas de gestantes, tomándose resultados de urocultivos positivos, agentes etiológicos y resistencia bacteriana. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con Microsoft Office Excel, y SPSS versión 23.0.  El principal agente etiológico fue E. coli con un 94.4 % de prevalencia; además, se observó resistencia de este microorganismo ante Ampicilina en un 39,9 %, Ceftriaxona (64.7 %), Ampicilina Sulfatam (75.2 %), Aztrionan (90.2 %), Tobramicina (90.8 %), Nitrofurantoina (97,4 %), Imipenen y Amikacina (100 %). El agente etiológico más prevalente de las infecciones urinarias fue la Escherichia coli y se relacionaron con el incremento de la edad.
ANÁLISIS DE LA EFICIENCIA Y LA EFICACIA DEL PROCESO DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUALES GALVÁNICOS EN UNA EMPRESA METALMECÁNICA
Authors: Sánchez Vargas Héctor , Martínez Fernández Yainerys , Galindo Llanes Pablo Ángel , Saenz Pohl Gregorio
Published: October 2022

El incremento de la concentración de metales pesados en las aguas superficiales y subterráneas es un problema global que requiere de acciones dirigidas a la mejora de la eficacia y la eficiencia de los procesos de tratamiento de residuales en empresas generadoras de estos tóxicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los factores que afectan la eficacia y eficiencia del tratamiento de residuales galvánicos en una empresa metalmecánica, para la adopción de acciones de mejora. Se aplicó una metodología para la generación de tecnologías más limpias a través de la evaluación de desempeño con el empleo de indicadores. El metal más prevalente en las aguas residuales fue el cromo hexavalente; y la empresa cumplió con los requisitos en cuanto a su vertimiento. Se concluyó que, en el proceso no se encontraron factores que afectaban la eficacia; sin embargo, el sobreconsumo de los reactivos metabisulfito de sodio y ácido sulfúrico fueron factores que afectaban la eficiencia del proceso de reducción de Cromo hexavalente. Se elaboró una herramienta gráfica para el seguimiento del consumo de reactivos químicos, para mejorar la eficiencia del proceso.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA VARIEDAD ‘ARAUREÑA FL’: NUEVO CULTIVAR DE ARROZ DE RIEGO PARA VENEZUELA
Authors: Álvarez Parra Rosa María , Reyes Ramones Edicta Rosa , Ramos Pérez Neida Yelitza , Valera Chirinos Elizabeth del Carmen , Hernández Ribas Edith del Valle , Linarez Cariel Yunio José , Acevedo Barona Marco Antonio , Torres Angarita Orlando José , Salazar Estada Margelys Beatriz , Navas Rodríguez María Isabel
Published: October 2022

Un nuevo cultivar de arroz de riego con el nombre comercial de ARAUREÑA FL (FL08193-1P-2-3P-1V). El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue describir el proceso de obtención de esta nueva variedad de arroz para el campo venezolano; así como, las características agronómicas que distinguen a este nuevo cultivar. Fue seleccionado por el INIA-Venezuela y evaluado en diferentes ensayos, ubicados en las localidades de Barinas, Portuguesa y Guárico desde el 2008 al 2014; se obtuvo la semilla genética a partir de la original, mediante ensayos de purificación y estabilización. El cultivar fue inscrito en SENASEM en el ciclo de lluvias de 2015, siendo evaluado en los EVACs de los ciclos 2015 lluvia, 2015-2016 seco, 2016-2017 seco y 2017 lluvia. Fue liberada en el mercado nacional de Venezuela en el año 2020.  Esta variedad se caracteriza por presentar resistencia a piricularia de hoja y cuello (Magnaporthe grisea), escaldado (Monographella albescens), virus de la hoja blanca VHB y manchado de grano (Complejo de hongos); resistencia intermedia a helminstosporium (Cochiobolus miyabeanus). Se concluye que, posee elevado potencial de rendimiento, debido a la alta capacidad de macollamiento, panículas densas con más de 190 granos por panícula, fertilidad superior al 95 % y peso de mil semillas secas de 24 g, tolerancia al vuelco, al desgrane y buena calidad molinera y culinaria de grano.
Hepcidin
Authors: A. Faraj Safa , M. Al-Abedy Naeem
Published: October 2022

The hepcidin is antimicrobial peptide has antimicrobial effects discover before more than a thousand years; it has a great role in iron metabolism and innate immunity. Hepcidin is a regulator of iron homeostasis. Its production is increased by iron excess and inflammation and decreased by hypoxia and anemia. Iron-loading anemias are diseases in which hepcidin is controlled by ineffective erythropoiesis and concurrent iron overload impacts. Hepcidin reacts with ferroportin. The ferroportin is found in spleen, duodenum, placenta, if the ferroportin decrease, it results in the reduced iron intake and macrophage release of iron, and using the iron which stores in the liver. Gene of human hepcidin is carried out by chromosome 19q13.1. It consists of (2637) nucleated base. HAMP gene was founded in the liver cells, in brain, trachea, heart, tonsils, and lung. Changing in the HAMP gene will produce a change in hepcidin function. The hepcidin is made many stimulators are included opposing effects exerted by pathological and physiological conditions. Hepcidin is essential for iron metabolism, understanding stricter and genetic base of hepcidin is crucial step to know iron behavior and reactions to many health statuses.
Climate Change and Food System in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kelonye Festus , Juma Godfrey
Published: October 2022

Climate change is long-term statistical change in climate variables whose impacts are evident on value chains and food systems in general. This book chapter examines the challenges in the Kenyan food system associated with increasing climate variability and factors that can be considered to achieve agro-food systems transformation for sustainability. The study observed the need for digital infrastructure enhancement; development of data sharing platforms; accelerated climate change mitigation and adaption actions; rural infrastructural development, fragmentation of value chains and farmers’ societies; value addition to increase shelf life of agricultural products; universal crop and livestock insurance; promotion of agroecological farming practices, including agroforestry; involvement of youths in agricultural practices through government-supported initiatives; systematic improvement of policies toward a stronger policy framework to regulate imports and maximize exports; empowering populations on the need to consume local foods; engagement in consumer protection initiatives as important for enhanced food production in a changing environment.
Clear Cell Renal Cancer, a Tumour with Neuroendocrine Features Originating from the Erythropoietin-Producing Cell
Authors: Waldum Helge , Mjønes Patricia
Published: October 2022

The dominating type of kidney cancer is the clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC), hitherto been thought to develop from proximal tubule cells. However, the ability of tubule cells to proliferate is at best controversial. ccRCCs show many peculiarities like erythrocytosis due to erythropoietin overproduction and a combination of early metastases and sometimes apparent dormancy and late recurrence, features in common with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). We have shown that most ccRCCs express erythropoietin and the neuroendocrine marker neuron-specific enolase, and other neuroendocrine markers in a percentage of the cancers. Missense mutation in von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) factor is rather specific for ccRCC found in familial and sporadic forms. The function of VHL factor is together with other proteins to destroy hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), central in adaptation to hypoxia. Lack of functioning VHL factor results in continuous overstimulation of the erythropoietin-producing cell to release erythropoietin and parallelly to proliferate, and in long-term mutations and malignant transformation. Thus, ccRCC occurs about 30 years later in sporadic cases compared with familial von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, reflecting the time necessary for two versus one genetic change. Embryologically, there are many arguments favouring neural crest origin of the erythropoietin-producing cell.
Internal Audit
Authors: Panhwar Aijaz , Rehman Memon Ateeq , Naeem Azhar , Kandhro Aftab , Zainulibad Syed , Qaisar Sofia , Panhwar Awais
Published: October 2022

The internal audit is an efficient, free, and documented procedure for gathering audit evidence and objectively evaluating it to ascertain the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled. The internal audit is very effective tool not only to judge the level meeting the needed requirements but also to improve the Quality Management System of the organization and great impact for the improvement of the performance of testing laboratories, inspection, certification agencies, and can play vital role for the strengthening of any organization. Internal Audit is a major way out to read through to gain guarantee that the organization is actually doing what it says is doing. During the internal audits in accordance with any of the required check, an auditor makes sure that the actions taken to meet the quality objectives of the organization are appropriate, and management system is in compliance with the relevant standard/ check. Nowadays, quality is important in business and industrial world as it is actually the value addition. The organization must have a quality system in place to guarantee that the product or service being offered is of a high enough calibers to satisfy the needs of the clients.
Advancements in Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems through Novel Operational Configuration
Authors: Ahmad Jamil Muhammad , Wakil Shahzad Muhammad , Bin Xu Ben , Waqar Ashraf Muhammad , Choon Ng Kim , Imtiaz Nida , Yaqoob Haseeb
Published: October 2022

Rising global temperature has triggered the cooling demand in the last three decades with growing predictions for the future. The use of conventional energy-intensive and high global warming chemical-based cooling systems is working in a loop, increasing the global warming rate, emissions, and cooling system inventory. Therefore, the development of an innovative cooling system with high energy efficiency, low monetary cost, and environmentally sustainable. The indirect evaporative cooling-based systems have shown potential to serve the purpose because of low energy consumption, absence of energy, and cost-intensive equipment like compressors and water-based operation. A novel indirect evaporative cooler based on an innovative operational configuration is proposed, fabricated, and tested experimentally. The Proposed system has several advancements compared to the conventional indirect evaporative coolers like high operational reliability, low maintenance, and better control of the processes in the system. The study shows that the proposed system can achieve a temperature drop of as high as 14°C. The maximum cooling capacity of the system is calculated as 110 W, and the cooling performance index of 28. The performance of the cooler improves with increasing outdoor air temperature which makes it suitable for diverse climatic conditions. Moreover, the proposed design offers several benefits due to novel operational configurations by addressing limitations in the earlier systems.
The Effects of BMI and Genetic Variation of Adipokines on Serum Concentrations of Hormones in Untreated Individuals with Breast Cancer; a Pilot Study
Authors: Tahmasebi Fard Zahra
Published: October 2022

Background: Numerous studies have shown an association between hormones secreted by adipose tissues and cancer development. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effect of body mass index (BMI) and genetic variation of leptin and adiponectin on serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and estradiol among untreated breast cancer. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 350 women (175 women with breast cancer and 175 healthy controls), who had not taken any medications. Serum levels of estradiol (17-beta estradiol), leptin, and adiponectin were measured, using the ELISA technique. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of leptin gene (LepG2548A), leptin receptor (Q223, K109R, and K656N), and adiponectin gene (T45G, G276T, C11377G, and 11391A) in blood-isolated DNA were evaluated, using RFLP-PCR technique. Results: Body mass index can affect serum concentrations of hormones and is associated with breast cancer. Also, except for adiponectin C11377G polymorphism, other all genetic variations showed significant relationships with breast cancer. In both groups, BMI was significantly correlated with the mean serum concentrations of hormones, and the risk of breast cancer increased in G2548A, Q223R, K656N, and G276T polymorphisms. The effect of risk allele genotypes on serum concentration of hormones showed that changes in serum concentration of estrogen and leptin in all studied polymorphisms were associated with breast cancer in postmenopausal women. But adiponectin level was only affected by polymorphisms K109R, K656N, and G276 and G11391A. Conclusions: High BMI and genetic variation can affect cancer development by changing the serum concentrations of hormones in different genotypes. Studying various populations’ genetics and lifestyle can help definitive conclusions about genetics and obesity.
Blockchain Management and Federated Learning Adaptation on Healthcare Management System
Authors:   Department of Industrial Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey, Turgay Safiye
Published: October 2022

Recently, health management systems have some troubles such as insufficient sharing of medical data, security problems of shared information, tampering and leaking of private data with data modeling probes and developing technology. Local learning is performed together with federated learning and differential entropy method to prevent the leakage of medical confidential information, so blockchain-based learning is preferred to completely eliminate the possibility of leakage while in global learning. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of information can be made with information entropy technology for the effective and maximum use of medical data in the local learning process. The blockchain is used the distributed network structure and inherent security features, at the same time information is treated as a whole, not as islands of data. All the way through this work, data sharing between medical systems can be encouraged, access records tampered with, and better support medical research and definitive medical treatment. The M/M/1 queue for the memory pool and M/M/C queue to combine integrated blockchains with a unified learning structure. With the proposed model, the number of transactions per block, mining of each block, learning time, index operations per second, number of memory pools, waiting time in the memory pool, number of unconfirmed transactions in the whole system, total number of transactions were examined. Thanks to this study, the protection of the medical privacy information of the user during the service process and the autonomous management of the patient’s own medical data will benefit the protection of privacy within the scope of medical data sharing. Motivated by this, proposed a blockchain and federated learning-based data management system able to develop in next studies.
Multi-stage Transfer Learning for Fake News Detection Using AWD-LSTM Network
Authors:   Dept. of IT, GVP College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530048, India, Kiran Sirra Kanthi , Shashi M. , Madhuri K. B.
Published: October 2022

In the recent decades, the automatic veracity verification of rumors is essential, since online social media platforms allow users to post news item or express opinion towards a circulating piece of information without much restriction. The intention of fake news is to make the readers believe in inaccurate information, where the detection of fake news by using content is a difficult task. So, the auxiliary information: user profile, social engagement of the users, and other user’s comments are useful in the detection of fake news. In this manuscript, a novel multi-stage transfer learning approach is introduced for an effective fake news detection, where it utilizes user’s comments as auxiliary information to detect whether the given tweet is true or false. The stances of the response tweets contain opinions on news/rumors are often used for verifying the veracity of the circulating information. In order to devastate the effects of the specific rumors at the earliest, the multi-stage transfer learning approach automatically predict veracity of rumors jointly with the stances of their response tweets. The proposed multi-stage transfer learning is an inductive transfer learning variation that is used to forecast the stance of responses, then to identify fake news. The proposed model’s effectiveness is evaluated on the two-benchmark datasets: semEval-2017 task 8 and PHEME. The proposed model outperformed the existing approaches by obtaining a classification accuracy of 64.30% and 65.30%, an F-measure of 65.95% and 63.90% on semEval-2017 task 8, and PHEME on event-wise datasets.
A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species
Authors: He Le-Le , Hua Bao-Zhen
Published: October 2022

The Bittacidae fauna in Guizhou Province, China is reviewed. Eleven species in the genera Terrobittacus Tan & Hua, 2009 and Bittacus Latreille, 1805 of Bittacidae are documented in Guizhou, including three new species: Bittacus dilobus sp. nov. and Bittacus leigongshanicus sp. nov. from Leigongshan, and Bittacus multisetus sp. nov. from Yushe. A key to species of Bittacidae in Guizhou is provided.
Magnetic resonance imaging biomarker calibration service :
Authors: Boss Michael A , Keenan Kathryn E , Stupic Karl F , Rentz Nikki S , Stoffer Cassandra M , Russek Stephen E , Koepke Amanda A , Coakley Kevin J
Published: October 2022

This document describes a calibration service to measure the water diffusion coefficient, or diffusivity, in reference materials and tissue mimics using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. This calibration is restricted to materials which exhibit isotropic Gaussian water diffusion. The measurement uses the water proton spin as a tag and standard NMR gradient techniques to measure diffusion of the proton magnetization, which, in low viscosity fluids, is largely determined by the physical diffusion of water molecules. The calibrated materials are meant to be used in phantoms (calibration devices) to verify the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based water diffusion measurements. The local diffusion coefficient (often referred to as the apparent diffusion coefficient in complex materials) and other associated parameters, are used as image-based biomarkers to assess the state of tissue cellular density, detect tissue anomalies, characterize tumor type, evaluate treatment efficacy, and assess neural connectivity and neural tissue degeneration. A biomarker, as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, is a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or biological responses to a therapeutic intervention. [1] Diffusion coefficients, which describe the rate that water protons move due to random thermal motion, are phenomenological parameters that must be carefully defined and measured to enable rigorous quantification and their use as biomarkers for clinical decision making. Diffusion parameters, in addition to being dependent on local material properties, are dependent on environmental parameters such as temperature, which must be controlled and precisely and accurately measured.
Estimating the burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution (ambient PM2.5 and ambient ozone) in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012
Authors: Roomaney R A , Cairncross E , Tesfaye M , Kapwata T , Abdulatif N , Olivier C , Mathibela K , Cois A , Neethling I , Botai J , Turawa E B , Awotiwon O F , Chetty K , Nojilana B , Wright C Y , Pacella R , Bradshaw D , Pillay-van Wyk V
Published: October 2022

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Estimating the burden of disease attributable to a diet low in fruit and vegetables in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012
Authors: Cois A , Abdelatief N , Steyn N , Turawa E B , Awotiwon O F , Roomaney R A , Neethling I , Joubert J D , Pacella R , Bradshaw D , Pillay van-Wyk V
Published: October 2022

Background. Low intake of fruit and vegetables is associated with an increased risk of various non-communicable diseases, including major causes of death and disability such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cancers. Diets low in fruit and vegetables are prevalent in the South African (SA) population, and average intake is well below the internationally recommended threshold.

Objectives. To estimate the burden of disease attributable to a diet low in fruit and vegetables by sex and age group in SA for the years 2000, 2006 and 2012.

Methods. We followed World Health Organization and Global Burden of Disease Study comparative risk assessment methodology. Population attributable fractions – calculated from fruit and vegetable intake estimated from national and local surveys and relative risks for health outcomes based on the current literature – were applied to the burden estimates from the second South African National Burden of Disease Study (SANBD2). Outcome measures included deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost from ischaemic heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and five categories of cancers.

Results. Between 2000 and 2012, the average intake of fruit of the SA adult population (≥25 years) declined by 7%, from 48.5 g/d (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 46.6 - 50.5) to 45.2 g/d (95% UI 42.7 - 47.6). Vegetable intake declined by 25%, from 146.9 g/d (95% UI 142.3 - 151.8) to 110.5 g/d (95% UI 105.9 - 115.0). In 2012, these consumption patterns are estimated to have caused 26 423 deaths (95% UI 24 368 - 28 006), amounting to 5.0% (95% UI 4.6 - 5.3%) of all deaths in SA, and the loss of 514 823 (95% UI 473 508 - 544 803) healthy life years or 2.5% (95% UI 2.3 - 2.6%) of all DALYs. Cardiovascular disease comprised the largest proportion of the attributable burden, with 83% of deaths and 84% of DALYs. Age-standardised death rates were higher for males (145.1 deaths per 100 000; 95% UI 127.9 - 156.2) than for females (108.0 deaths per 100 000; 95% UI 96.2 - 118.1); in both sexes, rates were lower than those observed in 2000 (–9% and –12%, respectively).

Conclusion. Despite the overall reduction in standardised death rates observed since 2000, the absolute burden of disease attributable to inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables in SA remains of significant concern. Effective interventions supported by legislation and policy are needed to reverse the declining trends in consumption observed in most age categories and to curb the associated burden.
Estimating the changing burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012
Authors: Bradshaw D , Joubert J D , Abdelatief N , Cois A , Turawa E B , Awotiwon O F , Roomaney R A , Neethling I , Pacella R , Pillay van-Wyk V
Published: October 2022

Background. A high body mass index (BMI) is associated with several cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, cancers, and other selected health conditions.

Objectives. To quantify the deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to high BMI in persons aged ≥20 years in South Africa (SA) for 2000, 2006 and 2012.

Methods. The comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology was followed. Meta-regressions of the BMI mean and standard deviation from nine national surveys spanning 1998 - 2017 were conducted to provide estimates by age and sex for adults aged ≥20 years. Population attributable fractions were calculated for selected health outcomes using relative risks identified by the Global Burden of Disease Study (2017), and applied to deaths and DALY estimates from the second South African National Burden of Disease Study to estimate the burden attributed to high BMI in a customised Microsoft Excel workbook. Monte Carlo simulation-modelling techniques were used for the uncertainty analysis. BMI was assumed to follow a log-normal distribution, and the theoretical minimum value of BMI below which no risk was estimated was assumed to follow a uniform distribution from 20 kg/m2 to 25 kg/m2.

Results. Between 2000 and 2012, mean BMI increased by 6% from 27.7 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 27.6 - 27.9) to 29.4 kg/m2 (95% CI 29.3 - 29.5) for females, and by 3% from 23.9 kg/m2 (95% CI 23.7 - 24.1) to 24.6 kg/m2 (95% CI 24.5 - 24.8) for males. In 2012, high BMI caused 58 757 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 46 740 - 67 590) or 11.1% (95% UI 8.8 - 12.8) of all deaths, and 1.42 million DALYs (95% UI 1.15 - 1.61) or 6.9% (95% UI 5.6 - 7.8) of all DALYs. Over the study period, the burden in females was ~1.5 - 1.8 times higher than that in males. Type 2 diabetes mellitus became the leading cause of death attributable to high BMI in 2012 (n=12 382 deaths), followed by hypertensive heart disease (n=12 146), haemorrhagic stroke (n=9 141), ischaemic heart disease (n=7 499) and ischaemic stroke (n=4 044). The age-standardised attributable DALY rate per 100 000 population for males increased by 6.6% from 3 777 (95% UI 2 639 - 4 869) in 2000 to 4 026 (95% UI 2 831 - 5 115) in 2012, while it increased by 7.8% for females from 6 042 (95% UI 5 064 - 6 702) to 6 513 (95% UI 5 597 - 7 033).

Conclusion. Average BMI increased between 2000 and 2012 and accounted for a growing proportion of total deaths and DALYs. There is a need to develop, implement and evaluate comprehensive interventions to achieve lasting change in the determinants and impact of overweight and obesity, particularly among women.
Estimating the changing disease burden attributable to raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012
Authors: Neethling I , Peer N , Cois A , Nojilana B , Pacella R , Bradshaw D , Pillay van-Wyk V
Published: October 2022

Background. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the most important contributor to atherosclerosis, a causal factor for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and ischaemic stroke. Although raised LDL-C is a key contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the exact attributable disease risk in South Africa (SA) is unknown. The the first SA comparative risk assessment (SACRA1) study assessed the attributable burden of raised total cholesterol, and not specifically LDL-C.

Objectives. To estimate the national mean serum LDL-C by age, year and sex and to quantify the burden of disease attributable to LDL-C in SA for 2000, 2006 and 2012.

Methods. The comparative risk assessment (CRA) method was used. Estimates of the national mean of LDL-C, representing the 3 different years, were derived from 14 small observational studies using a meta-regression model. A theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) of 0.7 - 1.3 mmol/L was used. LDL-C estimates together with the relative risks from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 were used to calculate a potential impact fraction (PIF). This was applied to IHD and ischaemic stroke estimates sourced from the Second National Burden of Disease Study. Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated. Uncertainty analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulation.

Results. LDL-C declined from 2.74 mmol/L in 2000 to 2.58 mmol/L in 2012 for males, while in females it declined from 3.05 mmol/L in 2000 to 2.91 mmol/L in 2012. The PIFs for LDL-C showed a slight decline over time, owing to the slight decrease in LDL-C levels. Attributable DALYs increased between 2000 (n=286 712) and 2006 (n=315 125), but decreased thereafter in 2012 (n=270 829). Attributable age-standardised death rates declined between 2000 and 2012 in both sexes: in males from 98 per 100 000 members of the population in 2000 to 78 per 100 000 in 2012, and in females from 81 per 100 000 in 2000 to 58 per 100 000 in 2012.

Conclusions. Mean LDL-C levels were close to 3 mmol/L, which is the recommended level at which cholesterol-lowering treatment should be initiated for people at low and moderate risk for cardiovascular outcomes. The decreasing trend in the age-standardised attributable burden due to LDL-C is encouraging, but it can be lowered further with the introduction of additional population-based CVD prevention strategies. This study highlights the fact that high LDL-C concentration in relation to the TMREL in SA is responsible for a large proportion of the emerging CVD, and should be targeted by health planners to reduce disease burden.
Estimating the changing burden of disease attributable to high systolic blood pressure in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012
Authors: Nojilana B , Peer N , Abdelatif N , Cois A , Schutte A E , Labadarios D , Turuwa E B , Roomaney R A , Awotiwon O F , Neethling I , Roomaney R A , Pillay-van Wyk V , Bradshaw D
Published: October 2022

Background. Ongoing quantification of trends in high blood pressure and the consequent disease impact are crucial for monitoring and decision-making. This is particularly relevant in South Africa (SA) where hypertension is well-established.Objective. To quantify the burden of disease related to high systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SA for 2000, 2006 and 2012, and describe age, sex and population group differences.Methods. Using a comparative risk assessment methodology, the disease burden attributable to raised SBP was estimated according to age, se, and population group for adults aged ≥25 years in SA in the years 2000, 2006 and 2012. We conducted a meta-regression on data from nine national surveys (N=124 350) to estimate the mean and standard deviation of SBP for the selected years (1998 - 2017). Population attributable fractions were calculated from the estimated SBP distribution and relative risk, corrected for regression dilution bias for selected health outcomes associated with a raised SBP, above a theoretical minimum of 110 - 115 mmHg. The attributable burden was calculated based on the estimated total number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results. Mean SBP (mmHg) between 2000 and 2012 showed a slight increase for adults aged ≥25 years (127.3 - 128.3 for men; 124.5 - 125.2 for women), with a more noticeable increase in the prevalence of hypertension (31% - 39% in men; 34% - 40% in women). In both men and women, age-standardised rates (ASRs) for deaths and DALYs associated with raised SBP increased between 2000 and 2006 and then decreased in 2012. In 2000 and 2012, for men, the death ASR (339/100 000 v. 334/100 000) and DALYs (5 542/100 000 v. 5 423/100 000) were similar, whereas for women the death ASR decreased (318/100 000 v. 277/100 000) as did age-standardised DALYs (5 405/100 000 v. 4 778/100 000). In 2012, high SBP caused an estimated 62 314 deaths (95% uncertainty interval 62 519 - 63 608), accounting for 12.4% of all deaths. Stroke (haemorrhagic and ischaemic), hypertensive heart disease and ischaemic heart disease accounted for >80% of the disease burden attributable to raised SBP over the period. Conclusion. From 2000 to 2012, a stable mean SBP was found despite an increase in hypertension prevalence, ascribed to an improvement in the treatment of hypertension. Nevertheless, the high mortality burden attributable to high SBP underscores the need for improved care for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, particularly stroke, to prevent morbidity and mortality.