bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CASES OF ANETODERMA IN PRACTICE OF DERMATOLOGISTS
Authors: Gadzhimuradov Marat N.
Published: September 2020

Clinical observations of atrophic skin of a child at the age of 1 year 7 months with Bleggad-Haxsthausen syndrome, as well as three forms of an anetoderma (Jadassona-Tibierga, Schweninger-Buzzi and Pelizzari) are presented. All patients are male at the age of 14, 16 and 18 years. The 14-year-old boy has the disease during seven years, while the duration of the other patients is two and one year, respectively. Patient with Schweninger-Buzzi anetoderma received treatment in a hospital without visible improvement. The literature review also noted that the disease can develop both primary and secondary. There are three stages of development of Jadasso--Tibiere anderodermia, the first of which is represented by the erythematous spot. However, inflammatory changes may be absent, but for other forms they are generally uncharacteristic: atrophy develops immediately, then wrinkled skin is protruding.
PATHOGNOMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF SECONDARY SYPHILIS ON ORAL MUCOSA AND LIPS: CLINICAL CASES
Authors: Zavadsky Valentin N.
Published: September 2020

Secondary syphilids on oral mucosa and lips are acute contagious; in addition, they are quite often the only clinical manifestation of the syphilis. Therefore the recognition of oral mucosal syphilids is an important, high-priority task. Purpose. To consider the peculiarities and clinical variants of oral mucosal syphilids, what may occur by usual examinations of patients. Material and methods. We observed 36 patients with secondary syphilis, who have syphilids on the oral mucosa or lips. It is presented 12 characteristic cases. The complex serodiagnostic tests for syphilis and HIV and clinical examination of all patients were maked. Results. The oral mucosal syphilids in hall cases (39-71%; p = 0.05), especially by recidive syphilis, were presented the MILIARY “point-papules” or “streak-papules” which grouped in the form of a “seed-pearls strings and rings”. The photographing is handy for their detection. Mucosal PLAQUES and lenticular papules are “delicate” (non-hard), opaline. They are marked but they accounted for little more of half of mucosal eruptions (50-81%; p = 0.05). Besides they were in ⅓ cases with miliary papules combined. Mucosal plaques are focal arranged or else they closely grouped (phenomenon “pseudo confluence”). Imaginary confluenсe of plaques, which are similar in size but various macerated, is particular specific (“mosaic lesion”). ERYTHEMA is out-lined, deep-red, in the form of “stamped” rounded sports (on the hard palate) or else as erythematous angina (on the molle palate) observed. Erythema were occurred in 13-41% of cases, often with papules were combined. PATHOGNOMIC indications of secondary syphilids are geometry regular form and grouping, rounded and out-lined contours, similarity in size. These peculiarities are attributable to the fact that eruptions are developed in places, where the circulating immune complexes (CIC) were fixated. CIC have bioelectric charge. Therefore, CIC arranged and fixed to a force isolines of natural electrostatic field in the tissue. These isolines have geometry regular form of arc or circle. The mechanism of CIC-fixation can be to describe by biophysical theory DLFO (Deryagin-Landau-Forway-Overbeck). The local conditions for CIC-fixation and for formation of infiltrate (papules) are created by lesions of small arterioles and local blood-stream disorders. Conclusion. Secondary syphilids on the oral mucosa are multiform. The use of photographing is handy for detection of miliary papules, which are often, but barely visible.
MORPHOLOGICAL REACTION OF SKIN TO SUBDERMALNY INTRODUCTION OF MONOFILAMENTNY THREADS FROM A POLIDIOKSANON
Authors: Shtyrkova E. V , Poletaeva S. V , Medvedeva A. V , Palatova T. V , Morrison A. V , Maslyakov Vladimir V. , Supilnikov A. A
Published: September 2020

Purpose. To study morphological reaction of skin to subdermalny introduction of monofilamentny threads from a polidioksanon (PDO). Material and methods. The research is conducted on 14 white rats females of 3-months age. To the area of a back, to the right of a spine column, is 2 cm higher than a tail, about 4 threads from a PDO, in parallel each other, at distance of 1-1.5 mm are implanted. Wool in the field of implantation is shaved, rules of an asepsis and antiseptics are observed. 21 days of a rat later are humanely hammered, fragments of skin of 1.5 × 1.5 cm in size are withdrawn for a histologic research. As control intact samples of skin from the opposite side from a spine column are taken. Results. The received results of a morphological research show that use of threads/sutural material from a PDO has well expressed stimulating effect on collagenogenesis and angiogenesis. For 21 days after introduction of PDO of threads increase in the regenerator activity of cages of a fibroblastichesky row with increase in synthesis of a fibrous component of an intercellular matriks and also lack of ekssudativny inflammation which is poorly expressed by inflammatory infiltration by cages only lympho-plasmacytic a row, lack of allergic reaction, formation of granulomas and the expressed fibrosis is noted. It demonstrates to good regenerator activity of fabrics in reply introduction of threads from a PDO in 21 days.
PATHOGENIC ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN PSORIASIS
Authors: Karapetyan Sh. V , Khachikyan Khachik M.
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of this study is determination of the role of certain pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Material and methods. The 110 patients with plaque form of psoriasis of moderate severity were examined, who were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 includes 65 patients (43 men and 22 women) from 18 to 64 years old with a duration of disease from 1 year to 39 years. The traditional treatment (detoxification, antioxidant, antihistamine, multivitamin, membrane stabilizing, local anti-inflammatory) was prescribed to the patients of group 1. Group 2 includes 45 patients from 18 to 65 years old (31 men and 14 women) with a duration of disease from 6 months to 32 years. The alternative treatment (with traditional therapy, the hepatoprotectors was also used) was prescribed to the patients of group 2. The control group makes 18 practically healthy periodic donors (9 men and 9 women) from 19 to 57 years old. The level of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-10 and TGFβ was investigated in the serum of psoriatic patients by ELISA (commercial kits of Demeditec Diagnostics GmbH were used). Results. Before the treatment, the significant increase of level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and significant decrease of level of anti-inflammatory cytokines were seen in both groups of patients with psoriasis compared with the control group. After the treatment, the level of proinflammatory cytokines is significantly reduced and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines is significantly increased in group 1, approaching to the normal values. In group 2, the level of proinflammatory cytokines decreases more than in group 1 after the treatment. The level of anti-inflammatory cytokines also increases more than in group 1 (high treatment efficiency). The intensity of the rate of decrease of PASI after treatment in patients of group 2 is at least 1.2 times higher than in I group, of DLQI after treatment in patients of group 2 is at least 1.44 times higher than in group 1. Conclusions. The registered changes in the serum of patients with moderate severity of papular-plaque form of psoriasis indicate their essential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
OVEREXPRESSION OF STAT4 - A POSSIBLE DIAGNOSTIC MARKER OF EARLY STAGES OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
Authors: Olisova O. Yu , Grekova Ekaterina V. , Gorenkova L. G , Alekseeva E. A , Zaletayev D. V
Published: September 2020

Background. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common disease among the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (85-90%). The accuracy of the diagnosis of MF, which is confirmed only by clinical, histological and immunohistochemical signs, is 50-75%. The aim of the study was to investigate genetic markers (FOXP3, STAT4, IL-12B) for early diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. Material and methods. A study involving 42 patients with MF and plaque parapsoriasis (PP) treated at the Dermatology Department of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and National Medical Hematology Research Сenter, was performed. The analysis of gene expression FOXP3, STAT4, IL-12B was carried out by TaqMan Real time-PCR. The objects of the study were lesional skin samples of patients. A group with MF consisted of 29 patients, a group with PP consisted of 13 patients, a control group included 10 healthy volunteers. Results. The study revealed that the level of STAT4 gene expression showed a significant (9 times) increase in the mRNA expression of STAT4 transcripts in patients with MF (166) compared with patients with PP (17.9; p < 0.05) and 553 times - with healthy volunteers (0.3; p < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant predominance of the level of mRNA expression of STAT4 transcripts in patients with spotted and plaque stages of MF (180; 318) compared with patients with PP (17.9; p < 0.05) and healthy volunteers (0.3; p < 0.05), as well as a sharp decrease in patients with erythrodermic form of MF (7.19). For early diagnosis of MF the level of expression of mRNA transcripts STAT4 is of great importance. Inclusion of STAT4 in the list of diagnostic features increases the accuracy of differential diagnosis of MF and PP from 59.1 to 81.8%.
Immunofluorescence diagnosis and analysis of samples of its images in autoimmune pemphigus
Authors: Dovganich A. A , Nasonov A. V , Krylov Andrey S. , Makhneva N. V
Published: September 2020

Autoimmune Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous dermatosis characterized by intraepithelial blister formation and the presence of specific IgG-antibodies to the antigens of the intercellular bonding substance (MCC) stratified squamous epithelium. Specific immunomorphological picture (fixing IgG in MCC epidermis) allows to diagnose this bullous dermatosis. However, in some cases, during the use of this diagnostic method visualization of specific features is difficult because of the use of mild and/or non-uniform specific immunohistochemical reaction that prevents to diagnose pemphigus with absolute precision. The analysis of immunofluorescence diagnosis in autoimmune pemphigus was performed. Skin tissue image analysis algorithm is proposed. The algorithm performs image quality enhancement and detects inter-cell structures that are typical for pemphigus assessment. The algorithm consists of alignment illumination, median filtering, Gaussian filter processing, ridge detection using Hessian, image binarization, separation, for a ridge map, connected components and removing components with a small radius. In cases of doubt this allows to differentiate and diagnose autoimmune pemphigus. In addition, a clear visualization of character (granular or linear) fixing the immunoglobulin class G in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis increases the accuracy of the prediction of further disease progression (favorable or torpid) providing timely and appropriate management of the patient prescribing pathogenetic treatment regimens. This work emphasizes importance of introducing the modern computer methods of medical images, that allow significantly to improve the methods of diagnosis of human diseases, including autoimmune bullous dermatosis.
Substantiation of the chronobiological approach to the treatment of the patients presenting with chronic cholecystitis
Authors: Poddubnaya Ol’ga A.
Published: September 2020

The development of the novel approaches to the enhancement of the effectiveness of the rehabilitative measures for the patients presenting with chronic cholecystitis in the combination with opistorchosis and dysfunction of the urinary bladder remains a serious challenge. The timely comprehensive non-medicamentous rehabilitation with the application of the chronobiologcal methods may be instrumental in the normalization of the functional state of the biliary system and the improvement of the characteristics of colloidal stability of bile with the simultaneous promotion of the adaptive capacities of the organism. Such rehabilitation is likely to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of the rehabilitative measures and reduce the risk of the progress of the disease and the development of complications.
The state of the vegetative nervous system, characteristics of muscular electrogenesis, peripheral hemodynamics, and their changes under the influence of the procedure of hydrodynamic tablet therapy (HDTT) in the children presenting with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lagunova N. V , Golubova T. F , Polenok Irina Anatol’evna , Kurganova A. V
Published: September 2020

The clinical, neurological, and functional studies in the children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus have demonstrated that practically every fourth patient presented with the complaints and symptoms of this pathology associated with the development of diabetic polyneuropathy, the reduced bioelectrical activity, and the changes of peripheral blood circulation strongly depending on the duration and the quality of compensation of the disease. Under the influence of the treatment under the conditions of a spa and health resort facility with the inclusion of hydrodynamic tablet therapy, the positive dynamics of the parameters of interest was documented in the form of the improvement of the state of carbohydrate metabolism, clinical and neurological characteristics, and the effectiveness of the functional methods for the examination of the children presenting with type 1 diabetes.
Photodynamic and microcurrent therapy in complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis
Authors: Gerasimenko M. Yu , Lazarenko Nina Nikolaevna , Amkhadova M. A , Smirnova S. N , Trunova O. V , Supova M. V , Prikuls V. F , Olesov E. E , Simakova T. G , Pozharitskaya M. M , Zaslavsky S. A , Pankova I. A , Smirnov A. E
Published: September 2020

The results of the complex treatment of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis, including photodynamic therapy and microcurrent electrical stimulation are presented. Analysis of the immediate and long-term results showed the effectiveness of the impact of this treatment on cerebral hemodynamics and autonomic balance in these patients.
Ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation modulates cardiac rhythm variability in volunteers
Authors: Chuyan E. N , Nikiforov I. R , Biryukova Elena Aleksandrovna , Mironyuk I. S , Ravaeva M. Yu
Published: September 2020

The objective of the present work was to study variability of cardiac rhythms developing under the influence of the 10 day-long course of low-intensity ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation (UHF EMR). It was shown that the courses of UIHF EMR have corrective effect on the cardiovascular system of the volunteers, in the first place by means of reducing the level of centralization of the regulatory mechanisms. The intensity of the influence of this therapy on the cardiac rhythm variability depends on the number of treatment courses and the initial functional state of the volunteers. Moreover, low-intensity ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation decreases the intergroup dispersion of the characteristics of cardiac rhythm variability in the volunteers of different groups.
The effectiveness of UVB (311 nm emission) therapy and cyclosporine treatment in the patients with poor responsiveness to TNF-a blockers
Authors: Serov Dmitry Nikolaevich , Kruglova L. S , Ponich E. N
Published: September 2020

The authors present data concerning the effectiveness of the application of UVB (311 nm emission) therapy and the treatment using low doses of cyclosporine in the patients receiving therapy with TNF-alpha blockers that resulted in the 50% reduction of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 50). The study has demonstrated that the introduction of narrow-band phototherapy into the combined treatment can make it possible to reach the PASI values of 75 and even 100%. Monitoring of the safety of the application of the combined approach has revealed the absence of early adverse reactions within 1 year after the treatment.
Osteoarthrosis: the principles and strategies of the application of the therapeutic physical training techniques
Authors: Kulikov Aleksandr Gennad’evich , Makarova I. N , Yagodina I. I , Yarustovskaya O. V
Published: September 2020

The important role in the treatment of diseases of joints, such as osteoarthrosis, belongs to the physical exercises including rhythmic mobilization, movements with the voluntary muscular contractions, alternation of the work of various muscles, and reversion of their antagonists. The inclusion of these exercises into a complex of remedial gymnastics developed on an individual basis results in the considerable alleviation of the symptoms of pain syndrome and the reduction of the time needed to restore normal movements.
The experience with the distant remote rehabilitative treatment of the patients presenting with the severe injury and multiple lesions of the musculo - skeletal system: a review of the clinical reports
Authors: Lyadov K. V , Shapovalenko T. V , Snopkov P. S , Koneva Elizaveta Sergeevna
Published: September 2020

The problem of providing a continuous staged rehabilitation treatment of patients with severe associated injuries musculoskeletal system is an urgent and important task. This article describes two clinical cases of successful comprehensive medical rehabilitation of disabled persons with severe combined trauma and multiple injuries skeleton in need of long-term continuous rehabilitation program which was successfully launched at the stage of hospital care and continued remotely, through on - line technologies in a familiar patient home medium. As a result of rehabilitation treatment was observed: increased mobility of patients and level of independence in daily life, increased range of motion in the affected joints, increase muscle strength of the affected limbs, improving psycho - emotional status of patients resocialization and adaptation to the familiar home environment.
THE STATE OF BONE MARROW IN THE RATS FOLLOWING THE COMBINED LASER IRRADIATION IN THE INFRARED AND RED WAVELENGTH RANGES OF THE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Authors: Bulyakova Nelly V. , Azarova V. S
Published: September 2020

The effect of combined alternating exposure to a laser emitting in the infrared and red wavelength ranges of the light spectrum on the bone marrow cells of the adult rats under conditions of both shin irradiation was investigated. The duration of the irradiation session was varied from 1 to 3 minutes. The ana-telophase method has demonstrated that the alternation of daily laser irradiation sessions of different intensity and depth of penetration into the biological tissues disturbed the division of bone marrow cells. This effect depended on the intensity of laser irradiation. Apparently, both the therapeutic corridor of laser therapy and the permissible energy irradiation were exceeded in the regime of laser therapy chosen for the present experiment, i.e. the combined alternation of exposure to pulsed infrared laser radiation (890 nm, 1500 Hz, contact labile mode) and continuous red laser radiation (632.8 nm in the remote steady mode) at a rate of 10 procedures per each animal’s hindlimb during two weeks.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE MODEL OF PATHOGENETICALLY SUBSTANTIATED REHABILITATION OF SENSORIMOTOR DISORDERS IN THE PATIENTS AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Ekusheva Evgeniya Viktorovna , Kiparisova E. S , Denischuk I. S , Khozhenko E. V , Pryanikov I. V , Puzin M. N , Makkaeva S. M , Lepaev Yu. V , Tarasova L. A , Afanasiev B. G
Published: September 2020

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pathogenetically substantiated rehabilitation of sensorimotor disorders in the patients who had experienced ischemic stroke. Material and methods. A total of 220 patients presenting with hemiparesis following ischemic stroke were available for the examination. The control group was comprised of 35 healthy subjects. All the patients underwent the rehabilitative treatment which included robotized mechanotherapy, stabilography, neuro-muscular stimulation, physical therapy, ergotherapy, massage, etc. Before and after the course of rehabilitation therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation (MS) was applied and the characteristics of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were measured in all the patients. Results. Rehabilitation with the use of a personified, pathogenetically grounded approach contributed to a better replenishment of the neurological deficit. In those patients who received the personalized neurorehabilitative treatment significant changes of TMS parameters (central motor conduction time at rest and TMS facilitation test) but not SSEP were registered. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the model of pathogenetically substantiated rehabilitation of sensorimotor disorders in patients after ischemic stroke was confirmed. We have demonstrated a higher effectiveness of restorative therapy of sensorimotor deficit. The somatosensory functions less efficiently responded to the treatment which suggests the necessity of identification of the sensory deficit and taking it into consideration together with neurophysiological monitoring of the rehabilitation process with the use of TMS and SSEP for the enhancement of the effectiveness of ongoing rehabilitation in this category of the patients.
THE STATE OF ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT VASOREGULATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE EFFECT OF A NON-DRUG THERAPY COMPLEX IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Alyavi A. L , Rakhimova Dilorom Alimovna , Sabirzhanova Z. T
Published: September 2020

After complex treatment with the use of ozonotherapy and bischofite electrophoresis on the background of standard therapy, the parameters of diastolic function of the right ventricle, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, the level of stable metabolites of nitric oxide, endothelium-dependent vasoregulation and psychoemotional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by the development of chronic pulmonary heart were improved against standard therapy.
ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND THE OPPORTUNITIES OF LASEROTHERAPY OF ERYTHEMATO-TELEANGIECTATIC ROSACEA SUBTYPE
Authors: Sharshunova Anastasia Aleksandrovna , Kruglova L. S , Kotenko K. V , Sofinskaya G. V
Published: September 2020

Rosacea is a chronic relapsing skin disorder of a multifactorial nature, which affects up to 5% of the population in Russia. Great social significance of rosacea is due to a marked decrease in the quality of life of the patient in the absence of continuous monitoring and supporting corrective therapy. A significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease belongs to vascular pathology and immune disorders. Currently, local laser therapy with a neodymium laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm seems to be the most optimal from the point of view of efficiency and tolerability, the absence of systemic side effects and also having no limitations on the skin type of the patient’s skin.
ACUPUNCTURE IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION
Authors: Grushina T. I , Melnikova E. A , Mirkhaidarova Z. M
Published: September 2020

The basis of conservative treatment of patients with otitis media with effusion is pharmacotherapy which can increased by acupuncture. Under observation were 64 patients aged 20 to 60 years with unilateral otitis media with effusion in the secretory stage, a duration of disease of more than 1 month and the presence of conductive hearing loss. Patients were divided by simple randomization into two comparable groups: group 1 received basic pharmacotherapy within 14 days, group 2 in addition to pharmacotherapy received 7 sessions of acupuncture according to the developed method using of general and local points. The combination of acupuncture with pharmacotherapy increased the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy: by 5.5% in clinical indices, 10.0% - improvement in the otoscopic pattern, 18.1% - in the opening of the ear canal, 8.8% - in the hearing threshold, 17,3% with acoustic muscular reflex, restoration of the barofunction of the auditory tube to the 1 degree by 7.5%, an increase in the immunoregulatory index by 6.1%. In smears-reprints from the mucosa of the mouth of the auditory tube there was an increase in the number of fibroblasts by 14.1%, macrophages by 31.4%; the index of incomplete phagocytosis decreased by 7.1%. In the long term, the frequency of recurrence decreased by 8.6%.
Magnetotherapy in patients with knee osteoarthrosis: thermographic efficacy indicators
Authors: Gerasimenko M. Yu. , Glushkova E. P. , Gorbunova D. Yu. , Byalovsky Yu. Yu. , Bulatetskiy S. V. , Ivanov A. V.
Published: September 2020

Background. Osteoarthrosis is characterized by wide prevalence, especially among patients of older age groups, a high risk of restrictions on the musculoskeletal system function, which results in the patients impaired ability to work and reduced quality of life.
Aim: investigate the possibilities of thermographic assessment of efficiency of magnetotherapy of the articular syndrome in osteoarthrosis of the knee joints.
Methods. The study included 57 patients (46 women and 11 men) with osteoarthrosis of the knee joints (mean age 61.27.4 years). The patients were divided into two groups. In the group 1 (n=29), magnetotherapy with the ALMAG-01 apparatus was used, while in the group 2 (n=28), the placebo apparatus was applied.
Results. The inclusion of magnetotherapy in the complex therapy of osteoarthrosis of the knee joints, according to thermographic data, increases significantly the efficiency of treatment and differs significantly from the placebo magnetotherapy procedures. In patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee joints of the X-ray stages I and II, a combination of course treatment using a traveling pulsed magnetic field and standard drug therapy revealed a positive dynamics in normalization of the temperature balance of the joints. In patients with osteoarthrosis of the X-ray stage I, the minimum efficiency of magnetotherapy was revealed according to thermography, which indicates low severity of the inflammatory joint syndrome.
Conclusion. The method of infrared thermography can be used as a diagnostic technique, as it reflects the degree of activity of the inflammatory process in the joints with osteoarthrosis.
Rehabilitation of patients after septoplasty
Authors: Gililov Vadim I. , Egorov Voktor I.
Published: September 2020

Background. In recent years, in the general structure of the incidence of ENT organs diseases, the pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses has firmly ranked first both in terms of visits to the clinic and in the group of patients undergoing inpatient treatment, which indicates a trend in an increase in the incidence rate. Septoplasty is one of the most commonly performed rhinological surgeries.

Aim: to analyze the effectiveness of complex treatment on the state of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with septal deviation after septoplasty.

Methods. Rehabilitation of patients was performed in several stages. Preoperative preparation included low-intensity laser exposure along with drug therapy. In this study, in order to prevent complications and activate reparative processes, patients of the main group (n=40) received additional bipolar-pulse irritative current therapy, while the control group patients (n=10) received only standard drug therapy.

Results. Patients of the main group showed an increase in treatment efficiency, a significant improvement in the clinical condition and indicators of cerebral hemodynamics compared with the control group.

Conclusion. To prevent complications and activate reparative processes in modern rehabilitation, it is necessary to integrate therapeutic measures, which can include, in addition to surgical methods, drug therapy (anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, anticholinergics, etc., as well as physical factors (medicinal electrophoresis, ultraphonophoresis, laser therapy, magnetotherapy, etc.).
Musculoskeletal disorders and the possibility of using neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Lazarenko Nina N. , Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Tigay Zhanna G. , Dogotar O. A.
Published: September 2020

Background. The study of the musculoskeletal disorders is relevant not only due to the limitation of the motor activity of patients and possible disability, but also due to the widespread prevalence of this pathology.
Aim: to study the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with moderate adhesive capsulitis with subcompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to develop a new comprehensive treatment.
Methods. The study included two groups of patients with adhesive capsulitis with subcompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which, before treatment, reduced spastic type electroexcitability in the infraspinatus muscle and the supraspinous muscle was predominant without qualitative changes; the group 1 (control) included 30 patients, the group 2 (main) included 120 patients. All patients had limited movement in the shoulder joint, pain syndrome, the presence of trigger points in the muscles of the shoulder girdle. To determine impaired muscle function, we used the classical electrodiagnostics method with the determination of electroexcitability of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles.
Results. The state of electroexcitability of the muscles under consideration, having trigger points, reflected the presence of spasticity in them, which was accompanied by an increase in the performance of all types of currents used. Currently, a wide range of drugs is known, which efficiency is limited by their side effects, therefore, in this work, for the group 2 of patients, the standard treatment additionally included neuromuscular electrical stimulation using the OMRON E-4 device. It has a wide range of frequencies, which creates an analgesic effect in the treatment, normalizes the electroexcitability of the neuromuscular apparatus, and increases the range of motion in the shoulder joint. A comparative analysis of the treatment efficiency in two groups of patients revealed the advantage of a course of comprehensive treatment (using the electrical stimulation indicated) with compensation in 86.7% of patients of the group 2, which was confirmed by clinical, electrodiagnostic and regression analysis, with a positive long term prognosis.
Conclusion. The inclusion of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the comprehensive treatment enables to reduce the pain syndrome and restore the movement pattern in the shoulder joint, as well as achieve overall compensation for the clinical condition.
The comprehensive effect of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter-wave therapy for neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis
Authors: Gallyamov A. G. , Goldobina L. P. , Minyaeva O. V. , Valeev R. G. , Gallyamova N. A.
Published: September 2020

Background. Comprehensive therapeutic techniques are becoming increasingly common in treatment of various diseases.

Aim: to study the comprehensive effect of decimeter-wave therapy, sinusoidal modulated current therapy for lumbar osteochondrosis with neurological manifestations.

Methods. The comprehensive effect of physiotherapeutic treatment in 69 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis and concomitant neurological manifestations was studied. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the leading neurological symptoms with reflex and radicular syndrome. Both groups received similar comprehensive physiotherapeutic treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter waves.

Results. A comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic efficiency of treatment, taking into account clinical and paraclinical data, enabled to substantiate the positive results of treatment in 79.5% of patients with reflex syndromes and 69% with radicular syndromes.

Conclusion. The comprehensive application of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter wave therapy can be considered as a method of pathogenetic physiotherapy of patients with lumbar osteochondrosis with various neurological manifestations.
THE SURGERY OF CATARACT AS A MEDICAL SOCIAL PROBLEM
Authors: Orlova O. M , Trubilin V. N
Published: September 2020

The cataract is one of leading causes of low vision and blindness in the world. It is well known that a significant decreasing of vision or its total loss result in deterioration of quality of life, including total or partial loss of working capacity. On the basis of official statistics data, a study was carried out шт the course of which costs of inputs to cataract treatment and dependence of disability on quality of visual functions were established.
THE NEW APPROACHES TO COMPREHENSION OF MEDICALIZATION IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIOLOGY OF MEDICINE
Authors: Basov A. V
Published: September 2020

The article presents main characteristics of the conception of medicalization, from its theoretical substantiation. The evolution of ideas of Western researchers of the given problem is analyzed from 1970 to 2010. The increasing of number of studies and theoretical reflexing concerning medicalization resulted in development of such parallel conceptions as medicamentalization and biomedicalization.
THE SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION ABOUT SELF-MAINTAINING BEHAVIOR IN CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE ALTERATION: THE QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Varakina J. L , Kharkova O. A , Trifonova A. N
Published: September 2020

The article presents description of knowledge and perceptions of the Arkhangelsk Oblast population of able-bodied and elderly age concerning on-going climate alterations. The semi-structured interview was implemented for data collection. The content analysis was applied for text data consideration. In population group of able-bodied were singled out such categories as “adaptation”, “actions”, “dilemma”, “conditions”, “interest”. In population group of elderly age the singled-out categories were “ignorance”, “indifference”, “adaptation”, “condition”, “awareness”.
THE REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN NARCOTIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shulgina E. V
Published: September 2020

The problem of drug abuse in various territories of the Russian Federation continues to be critically important. The availability of large administrative territory uniting numerous regions with diverse characteristics results in polarization of drug abuse indicators. The purpose of study is to analyze regional characteristics of drug abuse in the Russian Federation to develop general scope of drug abuse spreading to propose effective anti-drug policy meeting challenges of current drug abuse situation. The regions of the Russian Federation that suffer, according to official statistics data, maximum and minimum indices of drug abuse are considered. The results of analysis of current medical statistics (indices of number of people with first-time established drug dependence syndrome, as well as number of people with first-time established diagnosis of "harmful drug abuse", number of cases of acute drug intoxication, etc.), law enforcement statistics (indices of number of established crimes related to illicit drug trafficking, structure of the most common drugs, etc.). The analysis of related publications, as well as research data from sociological studies of deviant behavior implemented by the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences was also implemented. The conclusions are presented concerning most risky regional characteristics in drug abuse sphere, as well as regional particularities that function as a kind of protective factors against the drug abuse prevalence.
THE FACTORS IMPACTING ATTITUDE OF MEDICAL COMMUNITY TO GENETIC RESEARCH AND MEDICAL CARE OF CHILDREN WITH INHERENT IMMUNITY ERRORS
Authors: Voronina L. I , Zaitseva E. V , Tuzankina I. A
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study is to investigate factors influencing medical community's attitude to genetic research and medical care of children with inherent immunity errors and to develop recommendations for representatives of medical community (immunologists and allergists). Today, genetic research technologies and medical care provided on the basis of diagnostics are not considered as elements of health care management system in the Russian Federation. The factors (legal, ethical, organizational, etc.) affecting genetic research and medical care of patients with congenital immune errors are analyzed. The results of the expert survey carried out in sampling of allergists and immunologists of the Sverdlovsk Oblast are presented. Based on the results of survey, recommendations have been proposed for developing and implementing genetic research technologies and medical care. The conclusions are made concerning necessity of minimization of medical and social risks through introduction and regulatory consolidation of genetic research technologies and consulting technologies based on diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency; joining administrative and professional efforts in professional training in the field of genetic counseling, including other specialists in health care.
The specific clinical features of congenital aniridia in the childhood
Authors: Voskresenskaya Anna Aleksandrovna , Pozdeyeva N. A , Vasil'eva T. A , Khlebnikova O. V , Zinchenko R. A
Published: September 2020

Aim. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific features of the clinical picture of congenital aniridia in the children and adolescents and determine the frequency of complications of this pathology in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The study involved 37 children and adolescents at the age below 18 years (74 eyes) who were recruited from 37 unrelated families and diagnosed as having congenital aniridia at the Cheboksarsky branch of S.N. Fedorov Federal State Institute of Eye Microsurgery. All the children underwent the comprehensive ophthalmological examination based at this institution that included determination of the patients’ age and gender, diagnostics of keratopathy, cataract and glaucoma, measurements of foveal hypoplasia and hypoplasia of the optical nerve. In addition, visual acuity (VA) and the type of refraction were determined, gonioscopy and central keratopachymetry were performed on each patient. Results. The age of the patients varied from 2 months to 18 years (median: 3 years). The familial type of inheritance of congenital aniridia was documented in 16 patients whereas sporadic cases of this pathology were detected in 21 (56.7%) children. Microcornea and microphthalmus occurred in 4 and 2 eyes respectively. WAGR syndrome was diagnosed in 9.5% of the patients presenting with sporadic aniridia. Visual acuity was estimated at => 0.1 in 52% of the cases; it was => 0.3 in three patients. Abnormal refraction was documented in 88.3% of the children, marked hypermetropia was diagnosed in 15% of the examined eyes. The signs of aniridic keratopathy in the newborn infants and young children(aged below 3 years) were found in 64% of the cases. The youngest age at which the signs of aniridic keratopathy were apparent was 14 months. Cataract of different severity was documented in 77% of the eyes, glaucoma in 22.6%, foveal hypoplasia in 94%, and nystagmus in 86.5% of the eyes. The thickness of the central cornel region in the children at the age from 6 months to 2 years was 635+-47 microns compared with 606+-43 microns in the patients from 3 to 18 years of age. Conclusion. Congenital aniridia is a progressive panocular pathology affecting various structures of the eye and leading to the impairment of the visual function from the very early life.
Analysis of the surgical treatment of posterior lenticonus associated with congenital cataract
Authors: Pershin K. B , Pashinova N. F , Cherkashina Alina Vasil’evna , Tsygankov A. Yu
Published: September 2020

Aim. The objective of the present study was to analyze the results of the surgical treatment of the children presenting with posterior lenticonus associated with congenital cataract. Materials and methods. The total of 8 children (8 eyes) with posterior lenticonus enrolled in this study accounted for 6.5% of all cases of congenital cataract treated at the “Excimer” Eye Center during the period from 2003 to 2015. The age of the patients varied from 0.2 to 15 (mean 8.1±3.8) years. Preoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity was estimated to be 0.11±0.1 (0.01 - 0.3), with the best corrected visual acuity being 0.15±0.13 (range: 0.01 - 0.4). Lensectomy was performed under general anesthesia by means of the incision technology (1.8 and 2.2 mm) with the use of the Millenium, Stellaris microsurgical system (Bausch and Lomb, USA) and the Infinity system (Alcon, USA). In all the cases, different IOL models (Alcon, USA) were implanted; in four cases, the toric intraocular lenses were used. Results. In all the patients with posterior lenticonus and congenital cataract, the “dry” aspiration of the lens was performed. The distinctive features of posterior capsulorhexis included the use of two viscoelastic materials, viz. heavy Healon GV applied over the intraocular lens and ProVisc applied under the intraocular lens in the form of a “layer cake”. Thereafter, posterior capsulorhexis and vitrectomy were done. The lens was implanted into the capsular bag (n = 6) and into the ciliary sulcus (n = 2) with the anterior and posterior “optic capture”; the edges of the optical hole were placed behind the capsulorhexis hole. In the cases of the initial posterior capsular defect (n = 3), we performed vitreorhexis and vitrectomy followed by intraocular lens implantation. The best corrected visual acuity increased from 0.15 before the operation to 0.72 after surgery, with astigmatism being reduced from 2.3±0.9 to 1.6±065 diopters (overall astigmatism for the entire group) and from 1.81±0.46 to 0.56±0.56 diopters for the subgroup treated by means of toric IOL implantation. The patients remained under the observation during the follow-up period of more than 36 months. Conclusion. Lensectomy followed by intraocular lens implantation used for the treatment of the children presenting with posterior lenticonus and congenital cataract is the efficient method for the management of this combined pathology. Such features of the surgical technique as “dry” aspiration of the lens mass, posterior capsulorhexis, anterior vitrectomy, and optical capture taken together make it possible to achieve the favourable and stable functional outcome of the treatment.
The results of the implantation of the Ahmed valve drainage devices for the treatment of refractory glaucoma in the children
Authors: Ivanova Valentina F.
Published: September 2020

Purpose. To study and evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of Ahmed valve implantation for the treatment of refractory glaucoma in the children. Materials and methods. The study included 17 patients (18 eyes) at the age varying from 7 months to 15 years who had undergone the implantation of the Ahmed valve drainage devices for the treatment of uncompensated glaucoma. The FP7 and FP8 valve models were implanted into 7 eyes and 11 eyes respectively. Primary implantation was performed in 6 patients (6 eyes) and secondary implantation in 11 ones (12 eyes). The follow-up period after the implantation ranged from 1 months to 6 years (mean 17,7 ± 5,7 months). Results. All the patients presented with the severe forms of refractory glaucoma including multiply corrected (by surgical intervention) uncompensated congenital glaucoma, concomitant glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Terminal glaucoma occurred in 7 eyes and far-advanced glaucoma in 9 eyes. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) before surgery was 32,2 ± 8,3 mm Hg, mean postoperative IOP 17,5 ± 6,3 mm Hg. No intraoperative complications were documented. The postoperative complications in the form of cilio-choroidal detachment developed in 4 children, posterior retraction of the drainage tube, vertical strabismus, and eyeball subatrophy in 1 patient each. The perfectly successful outcome of the operation and compensation of IOP without the additional prescription of the anti-hypertensive drugs were achieved in 12 (70,5%) patients (13 eyes); however, the number of such eyes decreased to 8 or 44,5% within 6 and more months after surgery even though IOP remained compensated due to anti-hypertensive medication. Five (29,5%) children had compensated IOP immediately after surgery as a result of the intake of anti-hypertensive preparations; in two of them IOP was normalized within 6-12 months without prescription of the anti-hypertensive medication. Visual acuity in the end of the observation period remained unaltered in 12 eyes and was improved to 0,02 in 6 eyes upon hand motion near the face due to the reduction of corneal oedema. Conclusion. Despite the small number of the patients included in the present study, the results obtained give evidence that the application of the Ahmed valve drainage devices provides an efficient tool for the reduction of IOP in the children presenting with refractory glaucoma. However, this treatment modality is associated with the risk of serious complications that can be prevented by the choice of the correct indications, the adequate surgical techniques, and the treatment modalities ensuring careful postoperative care.
THE EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF CHOROID IN THE PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH UVEITIS OF DIFFERENT ETIOLOGY BASED ON THE RESULTS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Katargina L. A , Denisova E. V , Novikova O. V
Published: September 2020

The evaluation of the state of choroid in the patients presenting with uveitis is one of the promising directions in modern ophthalmological diagnostics because it provides the opportunity for obtaining the objective quantitative characteristics of the activity of the inflammatory process and thereby makes it possible to more accurately estimate the effectiveness of the treatment. It has been shown that the thickness of choroid considerably increases during the acute phase of Vogt-Koyanangi-Harada disease, active uveitis associated with Behcet’s disease, sarcoidosis, and toxoplasmosis and returns to the normal value under the influence of the treatment. In certain cases, the thickness of choroid decreases in comparison with that in the healthy eyes. The thinning of choroid was documented also at the stage of the clinical remission of birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Fuchs syndrome-associated uveitis, posterior non-infectious and idiopathic pan-uveites. It can possibly be the result of the atrophy of choroid due to the inflammatory and ischemic processes. Unfortunately, the available literature data have been obtained in disconnected studies of the choroid of the patients suffering from uveitis that involved only the small number of the patients and were confined to a few selected etiological and pathogenetic structural variants of this condition.