bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Ionospheric Critical Plasma Frequencies From GNSS‐TEC Measurements Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Otugo Vivian , Okoh Daniel , Okujagu Charity , Onwuneme Sylvester , Rabiu Babatunde , Uwamahoro Jean , Habarulema John Bosco , Tshisaphungo Mpho , Ssessanga Nicholas
Published: August 2019

This paper describes a new neural network‐based approach to estimate ionospheric critical plasma frequencies (f0F2) from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)‐vertical total electron content (TEC) measurements. The motivation for this work is to provide a method that is realistic and accurate for using GNSS receivers (which are far more commonly available than ionosondes) to acquire f0F2 data. Neural networks were employed to train vertical TEC and corresponding f0F2 observations respectively obtained from closely located GNSS receivers and ionosondes in various parts of the globe. Available data from 52 pairs of ionosonde‐GNSS receiver stations for the 17‐year period from 2000 to 2016 were used. Results from this work indicate that the relationship between f0F2 and TEC is mostly affected by the seasons, followed by the level of solar activity, and then the local time. Geomagnetic activity was the least significant of the factors investigated. The relationship between f0F2 and TEC was also shown to exhibit spatial variation; the variation is less conspicuous for closely located stations. The results also show that there is a good correlation between the f0F2 and TEC parameters. The f0F2/TEC ratio was generally observed to be lower during enhanced ionospheric ionizations in the day time and higher during reduced ionospheric ionizations in the nights and early mornings. The analysis of errors shows that the model developed in this work (known as the NNT2F2 model) can be used to estimate the f0F2 from GNSS‐TEC measurements with accuracies of less than 1 MHz. The new approach described in this paper to obtain f0F2 based on GNSS‐TEC data represents an important contribution in space weather prediction.
Association of norepinephrine transporter methylation with in vivo NET expression and hyperactivity–impulsivity symptoms in ADHD measured with PET
Authors: Sigurdardottir H. L. , Kranz G. S. , Rami-Mark C. , James G. M. , Vanicek T. , Gryglewski G. , Berroterán-Infante N. , Kautzky A. , Hienert M. , Traub-Weidinger T. , Mitterhauser M. , Wadsak W. , Hartmann A. M. , Hacker M. , Rujescu D. , Kasper S. , Lanzenberger R.
Published: August 2019

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a robust genetic influence. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is of particular interest as it is one of the main targets in treatment of the disorder. As ADHD is a complex and polygenetic condition, the possible regulation by epigenetic processes has received increased attention. We sought to determine possible differences in NET promoter DNA methylation between patients with ADHD and healthy controls. DNA methylation levels in the promoter region of the NET were determined in 23 adult patients with ADHD and 23 healthy controls. A subgroup of 18 patients with ADHD and 18 healthy controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with the radioligand (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2 to quantify the NET in several brain areas in vivo. Analyses revealed significant differences in NET methylation levels at several cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites between groups. A defined segment of the NET promoter (“region 1”) was hypermethylated in patients in comparison with controls. In ADHD patients, a negative correlation between methylation of a CpG site in this region and NET distribution in the thalamus, locus coeruleus, and the raphe nuclei was detected. Furthermore, methylation of several sites in region 1 was negatively associated with the severity of hyperactivity–impulsivity symptoms. Our results point to an epigenetic dysregulation in ADHD, possibly due to a compensatory mechanisms or additional factors involved in transcriptional processing.
Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression
Authors: Alexopoulos George S.
Published: August 2019

Depression predisposes to medical illnesses and advances biological aging indicated by shorter telomere length, accelerated brain aging and advanced epigenetic aging. Medical illnesses also increase the risk of late-life depression. The reciprocal relationships of depression with aging-related and disease-related processes have generated pathogenetic hypotheses and provided treatment targets. Targeting risk factors of vascular disease in mid-life is a logical approach in prevention of vascular depression. The depression-executive dysfunction and the vascular depression syndromes have clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings consistent with frontostriatal abnormalities. Dopamine D2/3agonists are effective in depression of Parkinson’s disease and their efficacy needs to be assessed in these two syndromes. Computerized cognitive remediation targeting functions of the cognitive control network may improve both executive functions and depressive symptoms of late-life major depression. Significant progress has been made in neurostimulation treatments in depressed younger adults. TMS targeting deep structures responsible for mood regulation is well tolerated by older adults and its efficacy in syndromes of late-life depression needs to be studied. Efficacious psychotherapies for late-life depression exist, but are underutilized in part because of their complexity. Streamlined, stepped psychotherapies targeting behaviors assumed to result from dysfunction of brain networks implicated in late-life depression can be easy to learn and have potential for dissemination. However, their effectiveness needs further investigation. Depression increases the risk of dementing disorders. Antidepressants are rather ineffective in treating depression of demented patients, but long-term use of antidepressants may reduce the risk of dementia. However, confirmation studies are needed.
Sustained Akt signaling in articular chondrocytes causes osteoarthritis via oxidative stress-induced senescence in mice
Authors: Xie Jing , Lin Jingting , Wei Min , Teng Yan , He Qi , Yang Guan , Yang Xiao
Published: August 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disorder that is strongly associated with chondrocyte senescence. The causal link between disruptive PTEN/Akt signaling and chondrocyte senescence and the underlying mechanism are unclear. In this study, we found activated Akt signaling in human OA cartilage as well as in a mouse OA model with surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus. Genetic mouse models mimicking sustained Akt signaling in articular chondrocytes viaPTENdeficiency driven by eitherCol2a1-CreorCol2a1-CreERT2developed OA, whereas restriction of Akt signaling reversed the OA phenotypes inPTEN-deficient mice. Mechanistically, prolonged activation of Akt signaling caused an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and triggered chondrocyte senescence as well as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, whereas chronic administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine suppressed chondrocyte senescence and mitigated OA progression inPTEN-deficient mice. Therefore, inhibition of Akt signaling by PTEN is required for the maintenance of articular cartilage. Disrupted Akt signaling in articular chondrocytes triggers oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte senescence and causes OA.
miR-425 deficiency promotes necroptosis and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hu Yong-Bo , Zhang Yong-Fang , Wang Hao , Ren Ru-Jing , Cui Hai-Lun , Huang Wan-Ying , Cheng Qi , Chen Hong-Zhuan , Wang Gang
Published: August 2019

A major hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and the causative mechanism is thought to be the activation of programmed neuronal death. Necroptosis is a regulated process of cell death triggered by RIPK1. Although the pathophysiology of PD has been studied extensively, the cellular mechanism underlying dopaminergic neuron death remains unclear. In this study, we detected a specific miRNA, miR-425, in response to MPTP toxicity and dopaminergic degeneration. In MPTP-treated mice, we observed necroptosis activation and miR-425 deficiency in the substantia nigra, which is correlated with dopaminergic neuron loss. This miRNA targeted RIPK1 transcripts and promoted the phosphorylation of MLKL and necroptosis. Similarly, in the brains of PD patients, miR-425 deficiency and necroptosis activation were also confirmed in dopaminergic neuron. Furthermore, we found that genetic knockdown of miR-425 aggravated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration via early upregulation of necroptotic genes. Intracerebral miR-425 mimics (AgomiR-425) treatment attenuated necroptosis activation and dopaminergic neuron loss, and improved locomotor behaviors. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-425 deficiency triggers necroptosis of dopaminergic neurons, and targeting miR-425 in MPTP-treated mice restored dysfunctional dopaminergic neurodegeneration and ameliorated behavioral deficits. These findings identify brain delivery of miR-425 as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of PD.
O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates HIF1α-dependent glycolytic reprogramming to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lee Hyun Jik , Jung Young Hyun , Choi Gee Euhn , Kim Jun Sung , Chae Chang Woo , Lim Jae Ryong , Kim Seo Yihl , Lee Joo Eun , Park Min Chul , Yoon Jee Hyeon , Choi Myeong Jun , Kim Kye-Seong , Han Ho Jae
Published: August 2019

O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cP1P) is a novel chemically synthesized sphingosine metabolite derived from phytosphingosine-1-phosphate. Although structurally similar to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), its biological properties in stem cells remain to be reported. We investigated the effect of cP1P on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their regulatory mechanism. We found that, under hypoxia, cP1P suppressed MSC mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Metabolic data revealed that cP1P stimulated glycolysis via the upregulation of glycolysis-related genes. cP1P-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) plays a key role for MSC glycolytic reprogramming and transplantation efficacy. The intracellular calcium-dependent PKCα/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway triggered by cP1P regulated HIF1α translation via S6K1, which is critical for HIF1 activation. Furthermore, the cP1P-activated mTOR pathway induced bicaudal D homolog 1 expression, leading to HIF1α nuclear translocation. In conclusion, cP1P enhances the therapeutic potential of MSC through mTOR-dependent HIF1α translation and nuclear translocation.
Cigarette smoke activates the parthanatos pathway of cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Künzi Lisa , Holt Gregory E.
Published: August 2019

Tobacco smoke negatively affects human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and is directly implicated in the etiology of smoking related respiratory diseases. Smoke exposure causes double-stranded DNA breaks and DNA damage activates PARP-1, the key mediator of the parthanatos pathway of cell death. We hypothesize that smoke exposure activates the parthanatos pathway in HBE cells and represents a cell death mechanism that contributes to smoking related lung diseases. We exposed fully differentiated, primary HBE cells grown at the air liquid interface to cigarette smoke and evaluated them for parthanatos pathway activation. Smoke exposure induced mitochondrial to nuclear translocation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (EndoG) within the first three hours characteristic of the parthanatos pathway. Exposing cells to an increasing number of cigarettes revealed that significant activation of the parthanatos pathway occurs after exposure to higher levels of smoke. Use of the specific PARP-1 inhibitor, BMN673, abrogated the effect of smoke induced activation of the parthanatos pathway. Smoke-mediated activation of the parthanatos pathway is increased in HBE cells originating from habitual smokers compared to non-smokers. This suggests that chronic smoke exposure leads to an increase in smoke-mediated activation of the parthanatos pathway and implicates its contribution in the pathogenesis of smoke-related lung diseases.
Autoantibodies as diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Bin , Li Xiaoyan , Ren Tianyi , Yin Yiyu
Published: August 2019

Lung cancer (LC) accounts for the largest number of tumor-related deaths worldwide. As the overall 5-year survival rate of LC is associated with its stages at detection, development of a cost-effective and noninvasive cancer screening method is necessary. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic values of single and panel tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) in patients with LC. This review included 52 articles with 64 single TAAbs and 19 with 20 panels of TAAbs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were the most common detection method. The sensitivities of single TAAbs for all stages of LC ranged from 3.1% to 92.9% (mean: 45.2%, median: 37.1%), specificities from 60.6% to 100% (mean: 88.1%, median: 94.9%), and AUCs from 0.416 to 0.990 (mean: 0.764, median: 0.785). The single TAAb with the most significant diagnostic value was the autoantibody against human epididymis secretory protein (HE4) with the maximum sensitivity 91% for NSCLC. The sensitivities of the panel of TAAbs ranged from 30% to 94.8% (mean: 76.7%, median: 82%), specificities from 73% to 100% (mean: 86.8%, median: 89.0%), and AUCs from 0.630 to 0.982 (mean: 0.821, median: 0.820), and the most significant AUC value in a panel (M13 Phage 908, 3148, 1011, 3052, 1000) was 0.982. The single TAAb with the most significant diagnostic calue for early stage LC, was the autoantibody against Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) with the maximum sensitivity of 90.3% for NSCLC and its sensitivity and specificity in a panel (T7 Phage 72, 91, 96, 252, 286, 290) were both above 90.0%. Single or TAAbs panels may be useful biomarkers for detecting LC patients at all stages or an early-stage in high-risk populations or health people, but the TAAbs panels showed higher detection performance than single TAAbs. The diagnostic value of the panel of six TAAbs, which is higher than the panel of seven TAAbs, may be used as potential biomarkers for the early detection of LC and can probably be used in combination with low-dose CT in the clinic.
Maintenance of cell type-specific connectivity and circuit function requires Tao kinase
Authors: Tenedini Federico Marcello , Sáez González Maria , Hu Chun , Pedersen Lisa Hedegaard , Petruzzi Mabel Matamala , Spitzweck Bettina , Wang Denan , Richter Melanie , Petersen Meike , Szpotowicz Emanuela , Schweizer Michaela , Sigrist Stephan J. , Calderon de Anda Froylan , Soba Peter
Published: August 2019

Sensory circuits are typically established during early development, yet how circuit specificity and function are maintained during organismal growth has not been elucidated. To gain insight we quantitatively investigated synaptic growth and connectivity in the Drosophila nociceptive network during larval development. We show that connectivity between primary nociceptors and their downstream neurons scales with animal size. We further identified the conserved Ste20-like kinase Tao as a negative regulator of synaptic growth required for maintenance of circuit specificity and connectivity. Loss of Tao kinase resulted in exuberant postsynaptic specializations and aberrant connectivity during larval growth. Using functional imaging and behavioral analysis we show that loss of Tao-induced ectopic synapses with inappropriate partner neurons are functional and alter behavioral responses in a connection-specific manner. Our data show that fine-tuning of synaptic growth by Tao kinase is required for maintaining specificity and behavioral output of the neuronal network during animal growth.
Broadband THz to NIR up-converter for photon-type THz imaging
Authors: Bai Peng , Zhang Yueheng , Wang Tianmeng , Fu Zhanglong , Shao Dixiang , Li Ziping , Wan Wenjian , Li Hua , Cao Juncheng , Guo Xuguang , Shen Wenzhong
Published: August 2019

High performance terahertz imaging devices have drawn wide attention due to their significant application in healthcare, security of food and medicine, and nondestructive inspection, as well as national security applications. Here we demonstrate a broadband terahertz photon-type up-conversion imaging device, operating around the liquid helium temperature, based on the gallium arsenide homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HIWIP)-detector-LED up-converter and silicon CCD. Such an imaging device achieves broadband response in 4.2–20 THz and can absorb the normal incident light. The peak responsivity is 0.5 AW−1. The light emitting diode leads to a 72.5% external quantum efficiency improvement compared with the one widely used in conventional up-conversion devices. A peak up-conversion efficiency of 1.14 × 10−2 is realized and the optimal noise equivalent power is 29.1 pWHz−1/2. The up-conversion imaging for a 1000 K blackbody pin-hole is demonstrated. This work provides a different imaging scheme in the terahertz band.
Author Correction: Declines in mental health associated with air pollution and temperature variability in China
Authors: Xue Tao , Zhu Tong , Zheng Yixuan , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Morphology Transition Engineering of ZnO Nanorods to Nanoplatelets Grafted Mo8O23-MoO2 by Polyoxometalates: Mechanism and Possible Applicability to other Oxides
Authors: Abdelmohsen Ahmed H. , El Rouby Waleed M. A. , Ismail Nahla , Farghali Ahmed A.
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Myocardial strain assessed by feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases – A comparison with echocardiography
Authors: Pryds Kasper , Larsen Anders Hostrup , Hansen Mona Sahlholdt , Grøndal Anne Yoon Krogh , Tougaard Rasmus Stilling , Hansson Nils Henrik , Clemmensen Tor Skibsted , Løgstrup Brian Bridal , Wiggers Henrik , Kim Won Yong , Bøtker Hans Erik , Nielsen Roni Ranghøj
Published: August 2019

Myocardial deformation assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is increasingly used for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis in patients with clinical and pre-clinical cardiovascular diseases. Feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (FT-CMR) also allows myocardial deformation analysis. To clarify whether the two modalities can be used interchangeably, we compared myocardial deformation analysis by FT-CMR with STE in patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases and healthy subjects. We included 40 patients and 10 healthy subjects undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiographic examination for left ventricular volumetric assessment. We studied patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (n = 10), acute perimyocarditis (n = 10), aortic valve stenosis (n = 10), and previous heart transplantation (n = 10) by global longitudinal (GLS), radial (GRS) and circumferential strain (GCS). Myocardial deformation analysis by FT-CMR was feasible in all but one participant. While GLS, GRS and GCS measured by FT-CMR correlated overall with STE (r = 0.74 and p < 0.001, r = 0.58 and p < 0.001, and r = 0.76 and p < 0.001), the correlations were not consistent within subgroups. GLS was systematically lower, whereas GRS and GCS were higher by FT-CMR compared to STE (p = 0.04 and p < 0.0001). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility were comparable for FT-CMR and STE overall and across subgroups. In conclusion, myocardial deformation can be evaluated using FT-CMR applied to routine cine-CMR images in patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, correlation between FT-CMR and STE was modest and agreement was not optimal due to systematic bias regarding GLS and GCS. Consequently, FT-CMR and STE should not be used interchangeably for myocardial strain evaluation.
Vibration and sound radiation of submerged finite cylindrical shells with pre-stress
Authors: Guo Yongjin , Wang Hongdong , Yi Hong
Published: August 2019

Theoretical solutions of vibration and sound radiation of submerged finite cylindrical shells with pre-stress were derived by using a modal summation method. Motion equations of cylindrical shells with pre-stress were established on the basis of Flügge theory. Additional impedance caused by pre-stress was added to the basic vibration equation. Pre-stress was expressed by uniform and trigonometric forms to obtain the sound radiation power, mean quadratic velocity and radiation efficiency of cylindrical shells. Numerical calculation was conducted to study the effects of tensile and compressive stresses, stress direction, value size and distribution on vibration and sound radiation of cylindrical shells. This study may provide a reference for controlling sound radiation of underwater vehicles.
pH dependence of the chirality of nematic cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Li Chenxi , Evans Julian , Wang Nan , Guo Tingbiao , He Sailing
Published: August 2019

Cellulose nanocrystals produced by acid hydrolysis of native cellulose form a well-known chiral nematic liquid crystal phase. The mechanism involved in the formation of chirality has been the subject of a vigorous discussion. The pH and concentration dependence of the phase is studied using cellulose nanocrystal droplets within a silicon oil suspension, which allows for convenient real-time microscale manipulation of phase behaviors and properties. We demonstrate the existence of nematic phases at both low and high pH regions consistent with the Stroobants - Lekkerkerker - Odijk theory. Our results confirm electrostatic interactions play a critical role in controlling the strength of the chirality.
Population-level associations of achievement of targets for bone-mineral markers with survival in haemodialysis patients with mildly elevated intact-PTH levels: a case-cohort study
Authors: Fukuma Shingo , Fukuhara Shunichi , Shimizu Sayaka , Akizawa Tadao , Fukagawa Masafumi
Published: August 2019

Achieving calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) targets helps improve dialysis population outcomes. We aimed to assess the population-level associations of achievement of those targets with survival using population-attributable-fractions (PAFs). We conducted a case-cohort study using data from 8229 haemodialysis patients with mildly elevated intact PTH, treated at 86 dialysis facilities in Japan. We examined associations among calcium, phosphorus, intact PTH, and mortality over 3 years. We estimated PAFs for achieving the targets of calcium, phosphorus, and intact PTH from the adjusted hazard ratios by Cox regression models. Proportions within the recommended range were 55.8%, 63.3%, and 39.1% for calcium (8.4–10.0 mg/dL), phosphorus (3.5–6.0 mg/dL) and intact PTH (60–240 pg/mL), respectively. The mortality rate was 5.7 per 100 person-years. Mortality was independently associated with non-achievement of targets. Regarding the population-level impact, statistically significant PAFs were found for achieving the combination of calcium and phosphorus (8.8%; 95% CI, 1.1–16.0). Further, PAF for combined calcium, phosphorus, and intact PTH was the largest (16.8%; 95% CI, 5.6–30.4). In conclusion, there might be additive and substantial population-level associations between survival and the achievement of calcium, phosphorus, and intact-PTH targets in the haemodialysis population with mildly elevated intact PTH.
A simple method for evaluation pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhetinic acid and potential drug-drug interaction between herbal ingredients
Authors: Zhou Neng , Zou Caiyuan , Qin Menglin , Li Yi , Huang Jiayi
Published: August 2019

A simple validated high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the evaluation of the effect of three kinds of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA),a kind of active component from the most commonly used TCM licorice. Our results revealed that all of the calibration curves displayed good linearity. Intra- and inter-day precision for GA ranged from 2.54 to 3.98% and from 4.95 to 7.08%, respectively. The recovery rates for GA were determined to be 96.3–106.4%. All the samples showed satisfactory precision and accuracy in various stability tests. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), elimination half-life (t1/2), time to peak concentration(Tmax) and peak concentration Cmax were calculated. No significant difference was found as compared the groups administrating GA with and without other ingredients from TCM.
Amplicon sequencing provides more accurate microbiome information in healthy children compared to culturing
Authors: Gupta Shashank , Mortensen Martin S. , Schjørring Susanne , Trivedi Urvish , Vestergaard Gisle , Stokholm Jakob , Bisgaard Hans , Krogfelt Karen A. , Sørensen Søren J.
Published: August 2019

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene is now one of the most widely used application to investigate the microbiota at any given body site in research. Since NGS is more sensitive than traditional culture methods (TCMs), many studies have argued for them to replace TCMs. However, are we really ready for this transition? Here we compare the diagnostic efficiency of the two methods using a large number of samples (n = 1,748 fecal and n = 1,790 hypopharyngeal), among healthy children at different time points. Here we show that bacteria identified by NGS represented 75.70% of the unique bacterial species cultured in each sample, while TCM only identified 23.86% of the bacterial species found by amplicon sequencing. We discuss the pros and cons of both methods and provide perspective on how NGS can be implemented effectively in clinical settings.
Sustainability of coral reefs are affected by ecological light pollution in the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat
Authors: Rosenberg Yael , Doniger Tirza , Levy Oren
Published: August 2019

As human populations grow and lighting technologies improve, artificial light gradually alters natural cycles of light and dark that have been consistent over long periods of geological and evolutionary time. While considerable ecological implications of artificial light have been identified in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, knowledge about the physiological and molecular effects of light pollution is vague. To determine if ecological light pollution (ELP) impacts coral biological processes, we characterized the transcriptome of the coral Acropora eurystoma under two different light regimes: control conditions and treatment with light at night. Here we show that corals exposed to ELP have approximately 25 times more differentially expressed genes that regulate cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell growth, protein synthesis and display changes in photo physiology. The finding of this work confirms that ELP acts as a chronic disturbance that may impact the future of coral reefs.
A novel multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) methodology for application in hyperspectral Raman imaging analysis
Authors: Smith Joseph P. , Holahan Erin C. , Smith Frank C. , Marrero Veronica , Booksh Karl S.
Published: August 2019

A new multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) methodology is presented that uses approximate reference spectra to determine optimal model complexity for identifying chemical constituents within hyperspectral imaging data.
Targeting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transpeptidase LdtMt2 with cysteine-reactive inhibitors including ebselen
Authors: de Munnik Mariska , Lohans Christopher T. , Lang Pauline A. , Langley Gareth W. , Malla Tika R. , Tumber Anthony , Schofield Christopher J. , Brem Jürgen
Published: August 2019

Inhibitors targeting the conserved nucleophilic cysteine of the mycobacterial l,d-transpeptidases are a potential strategy for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Prebiotic synthesis at impact craters: the role of Fe-clays and iron meteorites
Authors: Pastorek Adam , Hrnčířová Jana , Jankovič Luboš , Nejdl Lukáš , Civiš Svatopluk , Ivanek Ondřej , Shestivska Violetta , Knížek Antonín , Kubelík Petr , Šponer Jiří , Petera Lukáš , Křivková Anna , Cassone Giuseppe , Vaculovičová Markéta , Šponer Judit E. , Ferus Martin
Published: August 2019

Iron-rich smectites formed by reprocessing of basalts due to the residual post-impact heat could catalyze the synthesis and accumulation of important prebiotic building blocks such as nucleobases, amino acids and urea.
Controlling interfacial interactions of supramolecular assemblies by light-responsive overcrowded alkenes
Authors: Shi Zhao-Tao , Yu Jing-Jing , Zhang Qi , Li Ming-Ming , Liang Wen-Jing , Zhao Cai-Xin , Qu Da-Hui
Published: August 2019

Controlled interfacial interactions of supramolecular assemblies are achieved by effective photo-isomerization of the overcrowded alkene units.
Mitochondria-targeted Ir@AuNRs as bifunctional therapeutic agents for hypoxia imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Ke Libing , Zhang Cheng , Liao Xinxing , Qiu Kangqiang , Rees Thomas W. , Chen Yu , Zhao Zizhuo , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: August 2019

Gold nanorods with surfaces modified by iridium(iii)-azo complexes (Ir@AuNRs) were developed as mitochondria-targeted bifunctional therapeutic agents for hypoxia-imaging and photothermal therapy.
Solvothermal synthesis of porous organic cage CC3 in the presence of dimethylformamide as solvent
Authors: Lucero Jolie , Crawford James M. , Osuna Carla , Carreon Moises A.
Published: August 2019

Morphology, and crystal product of porous organic cage CC3, was modified by the use of a novel and non-traditional high dielectric constant solvent dimethyl formamide.
Fast and controlled growth of two-dimensional layered ZrTe3 nanoribbons by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yu Xu , Wen Xiaokun , Zhang Wenfeng , Yang Li , Wu Hao , Lou Xun , Xie Zijian , Liu Yuan , Chang Haixin
Published: August 2019

We first demonstrated ZrTe3 nanoribbons can be grown directly by chemical vapor deposition method, which exhibit intriguing magnetic properties.
Laser molecular beam epitaxy of vertically self-assembled GaN nanorods on Ta metal foil: role of growth temperature and laser repetition rate
Authors: Tyagi Prashant , Ramesh Ch. , Yadav B. S. , Kushvaha S. S. , Kumar M. Senthil
Published: August 2019

Self-aligned GaN nanorod assembly directly grown on metal foil substrates is very attractive for developing flexible devices.
Modulation of the directions of the anisotropic axes of DyIII ions through utilizing two kinds of organic ligands or replacing DyIII ions by FeIII ions
Authors: Wang Hui-Sheng , Chen Yong , Hu Zhao-Bo , Yin Cheng-Ling , Zhang Zaichao , Pan Zhi-Quan
Published: August 2019

Two complexes based on Dy4 or Fe2Dy2 tetrahedral unit have been obtained by employing mixed organic ligands. The directions of the easy magnetization for the DyIII in both complexes were successfully modulated.
Halobenzyl alcohols as structurally simple organogelators
Authors: Prathap Annamalai , Ravi Arthi , Pathan Javed R. , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: August 2019

We report 11 simple halobenzyl alcohols, each comprising of only 16 atoms, as organogelators for aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents. Their self-assembly is similar in both gel and crystal states and involve OH⋯O, CH⋯O, CH⋯π, O⋯X, CH⋯X and X⋯X interactions.
Controllable synthesis of Au nanocrystals with systematic shape evolution from an octahedron to a truncated ditetragonal prism and rhombic dodecahedron
Authors: Qin Yazhou , Lu Yuxiang , Yu Dongdong , Zhou Jianguang
Published: August 2019

Stepwise evolution of Au nanocrystals from an octahedron to a truncated ditetragonal prism and rhombic dodecahedron was achieved by the polyol synthesis method.
Formation of supramolecular single and double helix-like structures from designed tripeptides
Authors: Giri Rajat Subhra , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: August 2019

The conformation and self-assembly of N- and C-protected tripeptides, Boc-Gly-l-Phg-d-Phe-OMe (1, Phg: phenylglycine) and Boc-Gly-l-Phg-d-Phg-OMe (2), have been investigated.
Co-segregation behavior of Sc and Zr solutes and their effect on the Al Σ5 (210) [110] symmetrical tilt grain boundary: a first-principles study
Authors: Xiao Zhengbing , Hu Jiawei , Liu Yu , Dong Fang , Huang Yuanchun
Published: August 2019

The research into the co-segregation behavior of Sc and Zr solutes and their effect on the mechanical properties of the Al Σ5 (210) [110] grain boundary was carried out by first principles calculations.
Calculating rate constants for intersystem crossing and internal conversion in the Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller approximations
Authors: Valiev Rashid R. , Cherepanov Victor N. , Nasibullin Rinat T. , Sundholm Dage , Kurten Theo
Published: August 2019

Effective and fast algorithms for calculating rate constants for internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) in the Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller approximations have been developed and implemented.
Elongated magnetic nanoparticles with high-aspect ratio: a nuclear relaxation and specific absorption rate investigation
Authors: Avolio Matteo , Gavilán Helena , Mazario Eva , Brero Francesca , Arosio Paolo , Lascialfari Alessandro , Puerto Morales M.
Published: August 2019

High aspect-ratio elongated nanoparticles with suitable porosity present partially controlled chemico-physical properties to obtain good heating/contrast efficiency for biomedical applications.
Selective recognition of DNA defects by cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes
Authors: Dayanidhi David Paul Elisa , Malapati Rozaria Pinky , Vaidyanathan Ganesan Vaidyanathan
Published: August 2019

Three different cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes selectively bind to DNA defects.
In situ synthesis and electrochemical performance of MoO3−x nanobelts as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Qi-Long , Zhao Shi-Xi , Yu Le , Yu Lü-Qiang , Zheng Xiao-Xiao , Wei Guodan
Published: August 2019

MoO3−x nanobelts with different concentrations of oxygen vacancies were synthesized in situ, whose effects on lithium-ion storage performance were researched.
Interrogating the steric outcome during H2 heterolysis: in-plane steric effects in the regioselective protonation of the PN3P-pincer ligand
Authors: Yao Changguang , Zhang Tonghuan , Zhou Chunhui , Huang Kuo-Wei
Published: August 2019

Heterolysis of H2 is achieved by [(PN3P)NiII]+ species resulting in regioselectively protonated hydride-proton products.
Toxicity, bioaccumulation and biotransformation of Cu oxide nanoparticles in Daphnia magna
Authors: Santos-Rasera Joyce Ribeiro , Sant'Anna Neto Analder , Rosim Monteiro Regina Teresa , van Gestel Cornelis A. M. , Pereira de Carvalho Hudson Wallace
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the toxicity, bioaccumulation and biotransformation of copper oxide nanoparticles (nCuO) and CuSO4 in Daphnia magna.
De facto reuse and disinfection by-products in drinking water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed
Authors: Weisman Richard J. , Barber Larry B. , Rapp Jennifer L. , Ferreira Celso M.
Published: August 2019

The relationship between de facto reuse in the Shenandoah River watershed and DBPs in conventional surface water systems in that watershed was examined.
Effects of thermal processing on digestion stability and immunoreactivity of the Litopenaeus vannamei matrix
Authors: Liu Meng , Liu Si-Han , Han Tian-Jiao , Xia Fei , Li Meng-Si , Weng Wu-Yin , Chen Gui-Xia , Cao Min-Jie , Liu Guang-Ming
Published: August 2019

Many types of shellfish, including shrimp, are sometimes cooked before ingestion.
Solvation of carbohydrates in five choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents and the implication for cellulose solubility
Authors: Häkkinen Riina , Abbott Andrew
Published: August 2019

Most organic solvents cannot dissolve carbohydrates due to the lack of hydrogen bonding ability of the solvent.
Acoustofluidic stick-and-play micropump built on foil for single-cell trapping
Authors: Lin Yang , Gao Yuan , Wu Mengren , Zhou Ran , Chung Daayun , Caraveo Gabriela , Xu Jie
Published: August 2019

Stick-and-play acoustic micropump and cell traps are built on a plastic film by printing microstructures using two-photon polymerization.
A heavy atom-free copolymer for light triggered photodynamic and photothermal therapy of human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Shen Jian , Ke Zhen , Chen Jianjiao , Zou Zhenyuan , Sun Liguo , Zou Dengfeng
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a heavy-atom free co-polymer (NDTT) with high singlet oxygen quantum yield (48.2%) has been designed and prepared.
Turn-on fluorescence sensing of hydrazine using MnO2 nanotube-decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets
Authors: John Xavier S. Stanly , Siva G. , Ranjani M. , Divya Rani S. , Priyanga N. , Srinivasan R. , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Gnana kumar G.
Published: August 2019

The cost and time efficient preparation strategy is developed for the preparation of g-C3N4 nanosheets using urea and the challenges of g-C3N4 toward hydrazine sensing are addressed via the modification of g-C3N4 nanosheets with MnO2 nanotubes.
Low molecular weight supramolecular dehydroepiandrosterone-based gelators: synthesis and molecular modeling study
Authors: Zhikol Oleg A. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Lipson Victoria V. , Semenenko Alexander N. , Mazepa Alexander V. , Borisov Alexander V. , Mateychenko Pavel V.
Published: August 2019

Three novel isomeric low molecular weight dehydroepiandrosterone-based gelators are synthesized. Their ability to self-assemble is studied in several solvents both experimentally and theoretically by molecular modeling.
1,2,4-Oxadiazole-derived polynitro energetic compounds with sensitivity reduced by a methylene bridge
Authors: Lu Tian , Wang Chenbin , Wang Guilong , Wang Shaoqing , Song Jia , Yin Hongquan , Fan Guijuan , Chen Fu-Xue
Published: August 2019

This is a new family of energetic compounds combining a high-energy polynitro group with an insensitive methylene linkage and thermostable 1,2,4-oxadiazole skeleton.
Synthesis of pyramidal tetraarylborate pentads
Authors: Sakamoto Nobuhito , Ohta Masahiko , Kokado Kenta , Sada Kazuki
Published: August 2019

Tetrahedral tetraarylborate pentads were synthesized by a typical click reaction, copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cyclization, which exhibited interesting ionic dissociation in low polar organic solvents.
Tuning the morphology of the active layer of organic solar cells by spin 1/2 radicals
Authors: Qin Yuancheng , Li Manman , Xie Yu , Li Xue , Yang Chunming , Li Mingjun , Zhao Jinsheng
Published: August 2019

The morphology of the active layer, the formation of an interpenetrating network structure and the phase separation of donor–acceptor polymers has been improved by spin 1/2 radicals, and enhanced the PCEs of the organic solar cells.
A one-dimensional supramolecular chain based on [H2V10O28]4− units decorated with 4-dimethylaminopyridinium ions: an experimental and theoretical characterization
Authors: Sánchez-Lara Eduardo , Martínez-Valencia Beatriz , Corona-Motolinia Nidia D. , Sanchez-Gaytan Brenda L. , Castro María Eugenia , Bernès Sylvain , Méndez-Rojas Miguel A. , Meléndez-Bustamante Francisco J. , González-Vergara Enrique
Published: August 2019

One-dimensional supramolecular structure with [H2V10O28]4− units was synthesized and experimental-theoretical characterized as potential releasing prodrug of the decavanadate ion.
Photochemical oxidation of water catalysed by cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes bearing Schiff-base ligands
Authors: Dhiman Rekha , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: August 2019

Synthesis, characterization and photochemical oxidation of water catalysed by cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes bearing Schiff-base ligands in the presence of Na2S2O8 and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a PS has been demonstrated.
Synthesis and characterization of hydrazine-appended BODIPY dyes and the related aminomethyl complexes
Authors: Hanson Tanner B. , Chudomelka Drayko D. , Heiden Zachariah M.
Published: August 2019

The synthesis and characterization of three new organic hydrazines containing BODIPY dyes and the respective aminomethyl complexes is described.
Lanthanide–EDTA complexes covalently bonded on Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles promote the green, stereoselective synthesis of N-acylhydrazones
Authors: de Resende Filho João Batista M. , Falcão Nathália Kellyne S. M. , Pires Gilvan P. , de Vasconcelos Luiz Fernando S. , Pinheiro Sávio M. , dos Santos Filho José Maurício , Frazão Barbosa Marília Imaculada , Doriguetto Antônio Carlos , Teotonio Ercules E. S. , Vale Juliana A.
Published: August 2019

Highly efficient stereoselective synthesis of E–N-acylhydrazones using magnetic nanoparticles-Ln3+ as heterogeneous catalysts.
Thermodynamic insights into the free energy of the processes in lithium iron phosphate batteries
Authors: Priyadarshini C. Hepsibah , Harinipriya S. , Sudha V.
Published: August 2019

Thermodynamic insights into the free energy of the discharge processes in lithium iron phosphate batteries.
The superior NO oxidation activity over La2CoMnO6 double perovskite to that of La2GaMnO6: effects of magnetic Co3+ and nonmagnetic Ga3+
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Ma Liping , Wang Lichun , Wang Dongdong
Published: August 2019

The greater the magnetic properties are, the better the NO catalytic oxidation performance is achieved over the double perovskite.
Merocyanines based on 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione
Authors: Humeniuk Heorhii V. , Derevyanko Nadezhda A. , Ishchenko Alexander A. , Kulinich Andrii V.
Published: August 2019

The acceptor strength of the 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione residue is re-evaluated based on the spectral-fluorescent properties of donor–acceptor dyes. Low fluorescence of the title compounds is explained by the low-lying forbidden ππ*-state.
Synergistic effect of 1-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)urea and Tween-80 towards the corrosion mitigation of mild steel in HCl
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Hui-Jing , Wang Chen , Wang Li-Juan , Li Gen , Ma Hengyu , Pan Qianwen , Wu Yan-Chao
Published: August 2019

The inhibition performance and synergistic inhibition effect of DMU with Tween-80 on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl was studied for the first time.
Dimethyl sulfoxide as a “methylene” source: Ru(ii) photo-catalysed facile synthesis of acetals from alcohols
Authors: Talukdar Ranadeep
Published: August 2019

First photocatalytic synthesis of acetals using DMSO as a “methylene” source.
Visible-light-promoted organic dye-catalyzed sulfidation and phosphorylation of arylhydrazines toward aromatic sulfides and diarylphosphoryl hydrazides
Authors: Li Rui , Shi Tao , Chen Xiao-Lan , Lv Qi-Yan , Zhang Yin-Li , Peng Yu-Yu , Qu Ling-Bo , Yu Bing
Published: August 2019

Visible-light-promoted sulfidation and phosphorylation of arylhydrazines for the synthesis of aromatic sulfides and diarylphosphoryl hydrazides were developed using the organic dyes rose bengal and Na2-eosin Y as photocatalysts, respectively.
Self-templated construction of 1D NiMo nanowires via a Li electrochemical tuning method for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Huang Dekang , Li Shu , Luo Yanzhu , Liao Li , Ye Jinhua , Chen Hao
Published: August 2019

A new electrochemical method, namely the Li electrochemical tuning method, is introduced in this work to fabricate 1D NiMo nanowires, which display high activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media.
A detailed mechanism of the oxidative half-reaction ofd-amino acid oxidase: another route for flavin oxidation
Authors: Kiss Dóra Judit , Ferenczy György G.
Published: August 2019

Flavin oxidation byd-amino acid oxidase follows a mechanism not seen in other oxidases.
Dendritic architectures by orthogonal thiol-maleimide “click” and furan-maleimide dynamic covalent chemistries
Authors: Frayne Stephen H. , Stolz Robert M. , Northrop Brian H.
Published: August 2019

Branched monomers containing a focal thiol and furan-protected maleimides provide a “mix and match” approach to layered dendrimers.
Effects of fused rings linked to the 2,5-position of pyrrole derivatives with near-infrared emission on their aggregation-enhanced emission properties
Authors: Ren Fei , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping
Published: August 2019

Pyrrole derivatives with NIR emission and AEE properties were synthesized through introducing different fused rings and a furanylidene group.
Competing forces on a liquid bridge between parallel and orthogonal dissimilar fibers
Authors: Aziz Hossain , Tafreshi Hooman V.
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a detailed investigation on the mechanical forces acting on a liquid bridge between dissimilar fibers in parallel and orthogonal configurations.
Dynamic optical rectification and delivery of active particles
Authors: Koumakis Nick , Brown Aidan T. , Arlt Jochen , Griffiths Samuel E. , Martinez Vincent A. , Poon Wilson C. K.
Published: August 2019

Bacteria with light-activated motility are experimentally concentrated and depleted from target areas using moving light patterns.
Absorbing–active transition in a multi-cellular system regulated by a dynamic force network
Authors: Nan Hanqing , Zheng Yu , Lin Yiheng H. , Chen Shaohua , Eddy Christopher Z. , Tian Jianxiang , Xu Wenxiang , Sun Bo , Jiao Yang
Published: August 2019

Migrating cells in 3D ECM can generate a dynamically evolving force network in the system. The role of active force network in regulating collective cell behaviors in 3D ECM is investigated using a minimal active-particle-on-network model.
Controllable luminescence of a Li–Al layered double hydroxide used as a sensor for reversible sensing of carbonate
Authors: Huang Song-Hui , Liu Sheng-Jie , Uan Jun-Yen
Published: August 2019

The 300 °C-calcined Li–Al–CO3LDH can sense CO32−in aqueous solution over a wide range of concentrations.
Au-Assisted catalytic growth of Si2Te3 plates
Authors: Kwak Junghyeok , Thiyagarajan Kaliannan , Giri Anupam , Jeong Unyong
Published: August 2019

We synthesized Si2Te3 plates on Si substrates using Au particles as catalyst. The Au particles enabled the liquid phase reaction with Si and Te due to the eutectic alloy formation of Au–Si and Au–Te.
Large-scale chromatin organisation in interphase, mitosis and meiosis
Authors: MacGregor Isobel A. , Adams Ian R. , Gilbert Nick
Published: August 2019

The spatial configuration of chromatin is fundamental to ensure any given cell can fulfil its functional duties, from gene expression to specialised cellular division. Significant technological innovations have facilitated further insights into the structure, function and regulation of three-dimensional chromatin organisation. To date, the vast majority of investigations into chromatin organisation have been conducted in interphase and mitotic cells leaving meiotic chromatin relatively unexplored. In combination, cytological and genome-wide contact frequency analyses in mammalian germ cells have recently demonstrated that large-scale chromatin structures in meiotic prophase I are reminiscent of the sequential loop arrays found in mitotic cells, although interphase-like segmentation of transcriptionally active and inactive regions are also evident along the length of chromosomes. Here, we discuss the similarities and differences of such large-scale chromatin architecture, between interphase, mitotic and meiotic cells, as well as their functional relevance and the proposed modulatory mechanisms which underlie them.