bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Budaya Austronesia Di Indonesia Bagian Barat Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Migrasi Out Of Taiwan
Authors: Wiradnyana Ketut
Published: December 2017

Out of Taiwan is one of the theories about the dispersion of the Austronesian people, which is the most popular among the researchers who study the Austronesian people and culture until now. The theory’s popularity is supported by linguistic, anthropological, DNA, and dating, as well as archaeological data. The quite abundant archaeological data has contributed to the existence of the theory, among others the hypothesis about the dispersion of quadrangular adzes and rounded axes. The migration based on reveals human migration route from the Philippines to Sulawesi (Celebes), and from Sulawesi it was split into two directions, one of which went westward to Kalimantan (Borneo) and moved on to Sumatra, Java, Bali, and East Nusa Tenggara. The other route was to the eastern part of Indonesia. The route to the west is associated with quadrangular adze distribution, while the one to the eastern part of Indonesia is associated with round axe distribution. Furthermore, the red-slipped pottery was initially existed only in the eastern part of Indonesia, which led to a hypothesis that its distribution was limited to that region. But later the red-slipped pottery was also found in the western part of Indonesia, which indicates that there was human migration from the Austronesian place of origin (Southern China) to West Indonesia. In accordance with the migration route to the western part of Indonesia, and based on information obtained from excavations at a number of sites in that area, as well as carbon analyses and other analyses using descriptive qualitative method with inductive reasonings, there is an increasingly strong indication that there were migrations of Prehistoric Austronesian speakers, which tend to be different from the Out of Taiwan migration route. Naskah
Situs Arjuna Metapa Di Gianyar, Bali: Sebuah Patirthan?
Authors: Titasari Coleta Palupi , Bawono Rochtri Agung
Published: December 2017

Every archaeological remain is always found in context with certain space and building architecture. This is also the case with the archaeological finds at the site of Arjuna Metapa at Pejeng Village in Gianyar, Bali. Uncovering a holy bathing place is the focus of this research, which is based on supporting data in form of archaeological data found within the location. The methods being used to solve the problem are divided into two: data collection and data analyses. Data collecting involves surface survey, bibliographical study, and interviews, while data analyses include qualitative-artifactual analysis, comparative and correlation analysis, location/spatial analysis, and physical traces analysis. Data obtained from research and analyses reveal that the Arjuna Metapa Site was a patirthan (holy bathing place) with water spouts, indicated by two spouted statues on Arjuna Metapa pedestal, which are meditating Arjuna spouted statue and angel spouted statue. Supporting data in form of an angel statue, which has similar form and size, was also found at the Village Temple (Pura Desa) of Bedulu. Oral tradition also mentions that the area was known by the name of Uma Telaga and is believed to be a rice field that was previously a lake or bathing place. This is confirmed by the discovery of Air Tiga inscription in that location. The name Air Tiga (air means water and tiga means three) is probably refer to the number of statues found in that location, which is one meditating Arjuna spouted statue and two angels spouted statues.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LOÃNG XƯƠNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN THOÁI HÓA KHỚP GỐI
Authors: Tam Mai Thi Minh
Published: December 2017

Loãng xương và thóai hóa khớp gối là hai bệnh thường gặp phụ nữ sau mãn kinh. Theo định nghĩa, loãng xương là liên quan sự mất xương, trái lại thoái hóa khớp gối tăng phì đại xương và mọc gai xương. Chính vì vậy, nghiên cứu thực hiện trên 68 bệnh nhân nữ thoái hóa khớp gối và chia làm 2 nhóm. Nhóm thoái hóa khớp gối có loãng xương (37 bệnh nhân) và nhóm thoái hóa khớp gối không loãng xương (31 bệnh nhân). Kết quả cho thấy  chỉ số khối cơ thấp - SMI <6,75 chiếm 46/68 (67,6%) và có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa nhóm thoái hóa khớp có loãng xương và không loãng xương (P<0,05).
Pengembangan Model Business Intelligence Manajemen Rumah Sakit untuk Peningkatan Mutu Pelayanan (Studi Kasus : Semen Padang Hospital)
Authors: Silvana Meza , Akbar Ricky , Derisma -
Published: December 2017

Penerapan Teknologi Informasi (IT) saat ini sudah merambah ke semua sektor kehidupan, termasuk sektor kesehatan. Hampir semua rumah sakit dalam operasionalnya sudah menggunakan teknologi untuk membantu kelancaran bisnis tersebut. Semen Padang Hospital (SPH) yang merupakan Rumah Sakit perusahaan PT Semen Padang, sudah menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit (SIM-RS, yang dapat mengelola data operasional sehari-hari, namun informasi yang dihasilkan masih sangat terbatas, sehingga pemanfaatan teknologi dan informasi belum maksimal. Peranan IT ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menerapkan sistem yang dapat mengekstrak dan mengubah informasi bisnis dari data operasional yang ada, sehingga nantinya dapat memberikan dukungan terhadap keputusan-keputusan strategis bisnis di rumah sakit. Salah satu sistem yang diusulkan pada penelitian ini adalah pengembangan model Business Intelligence Manajemen Rumah Sakit dalam upaya mendukung manajemen untuk pengambilan keputusan yang dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Metodologi yang digunakan pada penelitian ada 2 yaitu studi literature dan observasi dilapangan dengan mengamati berbagai bentuk informasi yang dihasilkan dari aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM) yang berjalan di rumah sakit serta metode Business Intelligence Road Map yang merupakan metode untuk menggambarkan langkah dan prosedur pengembangan dan penerapan Business Intelligence (BI). Setelah itu melakukan ekstraksi data dari database yang digunakan oleh perusahaan dan mengubah informasi bisnis dari data operasional yang ada menjadi informasi strategis yang nantinya dapat memberikan dukungan dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk peningkatan pelayanan dan kemajuan bisnis rumah sakit. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah model dan penerapan aplikasi business intelligence untuk melakukan pengelolaan terhadap data rumah sakit dalam rangka mendukung manajemen dalam pengambilan keputusan-keputusan bisnis rumah sakit yang bersifat strategis untuk peningkatan mutu pelayanan.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РУКАВНОЇ КОЛОСТОМІЇ В ХІРУРГІЧНОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ З ПРИВОДУ ГОСТРОЇ ОБТУРАЦІЙНОЇ НЕПРОХІДНОСТІ ТОВСТОЇ КИШКИ
Authors: Кustryo V. І. , Langazo О. V.
Published: December 2017

У 31 хворого (1-ша група) накладена колостома за стандартною методикою з застосуванням калоприймача безпосередньо після операції.

У 36 хворих (2-га група) виконана рукавна колостомія за запропонованою методикою з відстроченим застосуванням калоприймача. Використання запропонованого методу рукавної колостомії при хірургічному лікуванні гострої обтураційної непрохідності товстої кишки (ГОНТК) дозволило уникнути гнійно-септичних ускладнень, зменшити частоту параколостомних ускладнень в 11,9 разу, післяопераційну летальність - у 3,5 разу, тривалість лікування хворого у стаціонарі - у 2,3 разу.
ІНФЕКЦІЙНІ РЕСПІРАТОРНІ УСКЛАДНЕННЯ У ДІТЕЙ КАРДІОХІРУРГІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ ТА ЇХ МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА
Authors: Emets R. М. , Filonenko G. V. , Zhovnir V. А. , Кyryk D. L.
Published: December 2017

Проаналізовані результати мікробіологічних досліджень мокротиння, одержаного при бронхофіброскопії у 24 пацієнтів, оперованих з приводу вроджених вад серця (ВВС). У 16 (66,6%) пацієнтів виявлені мікробні асоціації, у 5 (20,8%) – збудники інфекційних ускладнень. Збудники в монокультурі представлені грамнегативними штамами - у 45 (50,6%) хворих, у тому числі 29 штамів неферментуючих, у 16 – родини Enterobacteriacae. З грампозитивних штамів переважали Staphylococcus epidermidis – у 14 (15,7%) хворих, Staphylococcus haemolyticus – у 13 (14,6%).

Вивчення структури збудників, аналіз резистентності мікроорганізмів до антимікробних препаратів та визначення їх молекулярно-генетичних особливостей є важливим етапом формування тактики антибактеріальної терапії, що дозволяє зменшити ризик виникнення інфекційних ускладнень після операцій з приводу ВВС.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ТА КОМБІНОВАНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ МЕДУЛОБЛАСТОМ МОЗОЧКА У ДІТЕЙ МОЛОДШОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Моrgun V. V.
Published: December 2017

Медулобластоми мозочка (ММ) є високозлоякісними ембріональними пухлинами головного мозку, що діагностують переважно у дітей, характеризуються раннім метастазуванням. Дані літератури свідчать про особливості перебігу та результатів лікування ММ у дітей різного віку.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати лікування 297 дітей різного віку з приводу ММ. В усіх дітей видаляли пухлину та проводили ад’ювантну терапію у різному обсязі.

Результати. Тотальне видалення пухлини здійснене у 40,6% хворих, субтотальне – у 53,6%, часткове чи біопсія – у 5,8%. У 71 (25,5%) хворих видалення пухлини доповнене лікворошунтувальними операціями. У строки до 30 днів після видалення пухлини помер 31 (10,8%) хворий. Медіана виживання дітей віком до 3 років становила 12 – 18 міс залежно від обсягу лікування, дітей старшого віку – 24 – 36 міс.

Висновки. Тотальне видалення пухлин виявилося можливим у 40,3% дітей молодшого віку, субтотальне – у 42%. У дітей віком до 3 років гірший прогноз виживання.
МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ ПРИ СИНДРОМІ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЇ СТОПИ
Authors: Sydorchuk R. І. , Khomko О. J. , Reva V. B. , Polyanskyi О. І. , Sydorchuk L. P. , Popovych А. І.
Published: December 2017

Вивчено динаміку локальних морфологічних змін при синдромі діабетичної стопи (СДС) у 215 хворих за умови адекватного місцевого лікування за розробленими стандартами. За даними гістологічних досліджень, відзначали зменшення набряку, клітинної інфільтрації, мікроциркуляторних розладів в крайовій зоні рани в динаміці лікування. Через 1 тиж від початку лікування у біоптатах виявляли молоду грануляційну тканину з великою кількістю петель судин, орієнтованих перпендикулярно рановій поверхні, і численних тяжів фібробластів. Через 2 тиж спостерігали активну епітелізацію ранового дефекту в декілька шарів. З боку збереженої шкіри наповзав пласт, що вкривав ранову поверхню.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ З ПРИВОДУ ХРОНІЧНИХ РАН
Authors: Маlyk S. V. , Rybalka Ya. V. , Оsipov О. S. , Verba А. V.
Published: December 2017

Для покращення результатів хірургічного лікування хворих з приводу ран, що тривало не загоюються, проаналізовано ефективність застосування аутологічної, збагаченої тромбоцитами, плазми (рlatelet-rich plasma - PRР). Обстежені 22 пацієнта, госпіталізовані в хірургічне відділення з приводу ран нижніх кінцівок, що тривало не загоювались. Рани шкіри нижніх кінцівок були діаметром не більше 8 см, різної етіології, спричинені хронічною венозною недостатністю (ХВН, 1-ша група) та діабетичною ангіопатією (2-га група) В групі порівняння причини виникнення хронічних ран такі самі. У хворих 1-ї та 2-ї груп в комплексі лікування застосовували аутологічну PRP. Зменшення площі поверхні рани, визначене методом контактної планіметрії, за добу у хворих 1-ї групи становило у середньому (5,1 ± 0,6)%, 2-ї групи – (4,8 ± 0,7)%, групи порівняння – (1,8 ± 0,4)% (р < 0005). Відзначене збільшення швидкості загоєння ран у хворих 1-ї та 2-ї груп відносно такої в групі порівняння. За період спостереження повна епітелізація рани досягнута у 6 (75%) пацієнтів 1-ї групи, у 5 (62,5%) - 2 групи, у 2 (33,3%) – групи порівняння.
ІМІТАЦІЙНО-КОМП’ЮТЕРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ БІОМЕХАНІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ АПАРАТІВ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ФІКСАЦІЇ
Authors: Hutsulyak V. І.
Published: December 2017

Представлений алгоритм дій при створенні тривимірних комп‘ютерних динамічних моделей для дослідження репозиційних можливостей апаратів зовнішньої фіксації (АЗФ). З використанням запропонованого алгоритму в програмі Autodesk Inventor 11 створені три моделі біомеханічних систем: I – «кістка – компонування апарата Ілізарова для корекції кутових зміщень»; IІ – «кістка – компонування апарата Ілізарова для корекції багатокомпонентних зміщень»; ІII – «кістка – апарат для корекції деформації кісток і суглобів».

Встановлено, що тривимірні комп’ютерні моделі систем для черезкісткового остеосинтезу (ЧО) найбільш доцільно будувати з застосуванням способу шаблонів, що дозволяє здійснювати корекцію геометричних параметрів деталей в зборці моделі та забезпечує можливість швидкої зміни компонування АЗФ.

Застосування розроблених тривимірних динамічних моделей забезпечує можливість моделювання репозиції кісткових фрагментів за різних типів переломів та будь-якої площини зламу; моделювання корекції деформації кісток; визначення оптимальної траєкторії переміщення фрагментів; вибору оптимального типу репозиційних елементів та компонування АЗФ.
Bazı sofralık erkenci kayısı (Prunus armeniaca L.) çeşitlerinin Manavgat/Antalya ekolojik şartlarındaki verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerinde araştırmalar
Authors: SON Levent , BAHAR Aşkın
Published: December 2017

Bu çalışma 2013-2014 yılları arasında
Manavgat/Antalya koşullarında ‘Beliana’, ‘Feriana’, ‘Ninfa’ ve ‘Precoce de
Tyrinthe’ kayısı (Prunus armeniaca L.) çeşitlerinin fenolojik ve
pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çiçeklenme
dönemleri, derim zamanları, meyve ağırlığı, çekirdek ağırlığı, asitlik, toplam
suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı (% Sçkm) ve ağaç başına verim
değerleri saptanmıştır. 'Ninfa' kayısısı meyvelerini 2013'de 7 Mayıs, 2014'de 8
Mayıs tarihlerinde olgunlaştırmıştır. 'Ninfa' her iki deneme yılında da
erkencilik bakımından diğer çeşitlere göre daha üstün bulunmuştur. Verim
bakımından 'Ninfa' 2013 yılında (98.50 kg ağaç-1) ve 2014 yılında
ise (108 kg ağaç-1) ile en verimli çeşit olmuştur. Her iki deneme
yılında da en iri meyveler Precoce de Tyrinthe çeşidinden elde edilmiştir.
'Ninfa' erkencilik bakımından; 'Precoce de Tyrinthe' ise meyve kalitesi
bakımından Manavgat yöresi için ümitvar olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile
verim, erkencilik ve kalite bakımından düşük rakımlı alanlarda, erkenci kayısı
üretiminde, üreticiler için en kazançlı olan çeşitlerin tespiti yapılmıştır.
Teaching and Learning About Complex Systems in K–12 Science Education: A Review of Empirical Studies 1995–2015
Authors: Yoon Susan A. , Goh Sao-Ee , Park Miyoung
Published: December 2017

The study of complex systems has been highlighted in recent science education policy in the United States and has been the subject of important real-world scientific investigation. Because of this, research on complex systems in K–12 science education has shown a marked increase over the past two decades. In this systematic review, we analyzed 75 empirical studies to determine whether the research (a) collectively represents the goals of educational policy and real-world science, (b) has considered a variety of settings and populations, and (c) has demonstrated systematic investigation of interventions with a view to scale. Results revealed needs in five areas of research: a need to diversify the knowledge domains within which research is conducted, more research on learning about system states, agreement on the essential features of complex systems content, greater focus on contextual factors that support learning including teacher learning, and a need for more comparative research.
From Hearing to Heresy: The Temporary Slavery Commission, the Congregational Church, and the Foundations of Anti-Colonial Organizing in Angola
Authors: Burlingham Kate M.
Published: December 2017

This article offers a narrative of the effects of transnational work spurred on by the League of Nations in Geneva. It begins with the Report on Employment of Native Labor in Portuguese Africa, which was presented to the League of Nation's Temporary Slavery Commission in 1925. From there the story moves to Angola where the Portuguese government attacked Congregational Missions, missionaries, and Angolan protestants who were perceived to be involved in the Report's production. Despite this violence, Angolans flocked to mission schools and churches in numbers that far outpaced the ability of foreign missionaries to meet demand. As a result, Angolan pastors and teachers took the helm in spreading mission activities into villages and areas where services were requested. By the 1960s, these Angolan-controlled networks would become important organizing centres for anti-colonial resistance. This article argues for the importance of the Angolans' reactions to state oppression during the interwar years and how it contributed to the post-World War II, anti-colonial revolution.
Anti-colonial Lawyering, Postwar Human Rights, and Decolonization across Imperial Boundaries in Africa
Authors: Terretta Meredith
Published: December 2017

Focusing on the relationship between African political actors and their lawyers enables us to see the history of Africa's decolonization as an assemblage of legal processes through which a belief in universal democratic law — meaning law accessible to and in the service of everyone, including colonial subjects — nourished an awareness of the power of universally equal rights — meaning rights for all regardless of citizenship, economic or social status, degree of education, and religious, racial or cultural identity. In viewing the law as transformative with a potential to decolonize the structures of colonialism, Africans claimed their legal, political, and civil rights in the early years of decolonization. The alliance they formed with anti-colonialist lawyers forged the practice of claiming both individual rights and the collective right of the imperially governed to determine their political futures as equals. It was a practice that required a revolutionary transformation from the legally plural systems assigning variegated rights to the citizens and subjects of empires into political systems imagined to grant universal access to a more democratic law.
The Order of the British Empire after the British Empire
Authors: Harper Tobias
Published: December 2017

The British government created the Order of the British Empire in 1917. In theory, the new order provided a unified trans-imperial system for marking both social status and the relative value of service to the state. It also borrowed from a late nineteenth century technology of imperial management, refined in India, through which the crown promised status and recognition to colonial elites and professional classes in exchange for a symbolic demonstration of their loyalty. From the 1960s, however, politicians and administrators in Britain downplayed the imperial character of this order. As governments of former colonies adopted national orders it was transformed into an almost purely domestic honour with a focus on local service. This essay examines the sometimes contradictory process by which the name survived even as the empire faded. It argues that from the 1960s the British honours system was simultaneously nostalgic and forgetful of empire. This is most evident in the fact that immigrants from the former empire were now celebrated as British citizens through an honour that retained the language and imagery of empire. Such people were asked to buy in to a system that was created in and named for the empire in order to be included as part of the nation. For some, this was a good deal. Others, most famously poet Benjamin Zephaniah, refused to “sell out.”
Another Wave of Anti-Colonialism: The Origins of Indigenous Internationalism
Authors: Crossen Jonathan
Published: December 2017

The global Indigenous rights movement, born in the mid-1970s, found its primary inspiration in the Third-Worldism espoused by anti-colonial leaders over the previous decades. The leadership of both the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (wcip) and the International Indian Treaty Council (iitc), the two flagship organizations of the movement, drew on Pan-Africanism and decolonization in order to promote the rights of Indigenous peoples to self-determination. The two organizations, however, applied the logic of decolonization in different ways. The iitc consciously adopted the discourse of decolonization in order to seek leverage from the Third World voting bloc and gain recognition for new and independent nations at the United Nations. The wcip wished to adapt the decolonization movement, not only by extending it geographically, but also by shifting it conceptually, in order to challenge the use of the nation state as the basic structure of global politics.
Industry Best Practice Risk based design for LPG Facility: Gap in Bangladesh practice
Authors: Islam Kamrul , Sultana Sharmin
Published: December 2017

Bangladesh safety regulations and practice is at nascent stage. Safety distance regulation for LPG installation does not match with prescriptive standard API 2510 or other international standards. No detail technical basis is available publicly for such decision making by authority. The present study focuses on risk based design best practice in industries and gap in Bangladesh safety regulations. World LPG industry faces major accidents with fatalities and huge damages. Setting up bigger safety distance with conventional firefighting equipment is not the only mitigation measures to solve complex safety issues of LPG facilities. These two parameters do not ensure whether facility risk is tolerable and ALARP. Apart from this, safety distance and protection system design varies with facility layout, wind flows, systems reliability and site ambient conditions. For accident cases, hazards consequence modeling is carried out to calculate safety distances. Industry best practice is to apply risk based design that quantify complex risk level of a facility, propose mitigation measures and thereby risk acceptance criteria in the early phase of the project for authority approval. Many countries follow such detail regulation. Regulations of API, ISO, HSE UK and NORSOK, petroleum authority Norway have been utilized as basic standards in this paper. Gap in Bangladesh safety regulations are identified. This need to be further assessed based on industry best practice risk based design standards and practices. Without appropriate regulation, Bangladesh LPG industry and society remains in enormous intolerable personnel, environmental and economic risk.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 8-11
Synthesis the Ni substituted Mn ferrites and Study the applications of ferrite
Authors: Nasrin Sharifa , Rahaman Md D , Hossain AKM Akther
Published: December 2017

With improved initial permeability and extremely low relative loss factor (RLF) of Nanocrystalline Ni-Cu ferrites were synthesized by combustion technique by doping excess amount of Mn at different sintering temperatures. Ferrites are ceramic magnetic oxides materials. It shows the property of electrical insulator and magnetic conductor with large number of applications in various fields. Structural characteristics were measures from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. It shows formation of pure single-phase cubic spinel structure with Nanocrystalline and good chemical homogeneity. From these data lattice constant was calculated. By the doping of Mn content it is found that lattice constant increases and these compositions obey the Vegard‟s law. From this study it was found that at the increasing of Mn content highly dense with lower porous and bigger grain of ferrite increases its magnetic and electric properties. High magnetization, high permeability, high quality factor, high mechanical stability, low loss factor were found in magnetic measurement.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 21-26
Study of Serum Vitamin D Level in Different Socio-Demographic Population - A Pilot Study
Authors: Hossain Homayra Tahseen , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Khandaker Md Abul Kashem , Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: December 2017

Background: Recently, we see in our clinical practice that many patients who are coming with generalized body aches and pains and diagnosed as fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue, not adequately responding to treatment. When their vitamin D level was done, it was found to be low and correction of their low vitamin D level improved their symptoms dramatically. Despite abundant sunshine in Bangladesh, allowing vitamin D synthesis all the year round, why our people are developing hypovitaminosis D inspired us to do this current study. Our present study is designed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult patients presented with aches & pains as well as to study the association of low vitamin D levels with different socio-demographic parameters.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted among 212 adult patients aged 18 years and above presented with generalized body aches and pains, attended both outpatient and inpatient departments of Popular Medical College Hospital during the period of March’16- August’16 ( 6 months). Association between vitamin D status & the individual specific variables was statistically analyzed.Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the study population was found to be100% in all age groups. Among 212 study population, 73.6% were female (n=156) & 26.4% were male (n=56). Mean Vitamin D level among male was 14.29 (SD 4.68) & among female was 12.64 (SD 4.74). The factors associated with severely deficient Vitamin D level were female sex, urban population, &obesity. It is alarming that 64.2% of our study population were totally unaware about the importance of sun exposure.Conclusions: Vitamin D status was associated with a number of socio-demographic variables. Knowledge of these variables may improve targeted education and public health initiatives.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 22-29
Outbreak of Puffer Fish Poisoning in Dhaka City
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi , Das Sudip Kumar , Rahman Sheikh Md Mahmudur , Amin Md Robed
Published: December 2017

Background: Puffer fish poisoning is quite uncommon but not rare in Bangladesh. This is not a very common fish in Bangladesh and consumed predominantly by poor class of people as it is cheap. Puffer fishes are considered toxic because they possess a potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogs.Methods: In October 2014, total 11 patients from two families got admitted in Medicine unit of Dhaka Medical College on the same day with the complaints of tingling, numbness, dizziness, vertigo, postural instability and breathlessness. Both the families admitted, have ingested Puffer fish. A case control study was done where the control were taken from the vicinity with same socioeconomic background. The control group decline of any ingestion of portion of puffer fish. Hence the results and discussion are based on meticulous observation of cases. All the cases were clinically analyzed on different variables.Results: Total 11 patients were from two families, lives half kilometer apart, from Dholaipar, Jatrabari, Dhaka. Mean age of cases were 25.18. Among eleven cases, 7 were male and 4 were female. Mean of lag period between Puffer fish intake and development symptom was 99.44 minute (SD 97.28). Mean of lag period between development of symptom and hospitalization in puffer fish intake group was 308.57 minute (SD 198.78).There were 4 deaths those didn’t receive Neostigmine and respiratory support. Total 2 patient received Neostigmineand they recovered. Neostigmine is protective in Puffer fish poisoning (RR .889 <1) but the association is not significant (95% CI on both sides of 1).Conclusion: Cluster of Puffers fish poisoning presenting as outbreaks are associated with serious consequence. The early presentation to health facility and timely neostigmine application and or respiratory support can be lifesaving.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 30-34
Cutaneous Amyloidosis: A Pilot Study at a Teaching Hospital in New Delhi
Authors: Jairajpuri Zeeba S , Rana Safia , Khetrapal Shaan , Arora Pooja , Jetley Sujata
Published: December 2017

Background: Amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of polymeric fibrillar proteins in the extracellular compartment in tissues and organs ultimately leading to damage with functional compromise. Cutaneous amyloidosis is clinically classified into more common macular, papular, and the rarer nodular form. The present study was undertaken with the aim to histopathologically analyze and characterize clinically diagnosed amyloid cases.Methods:The present study was a retrospective analysis of skin biopsies conducted over a one year period. Data on the age and presenting clinical features were retrieved from the accompanying laboratory request forms or patients records wherever available. All skin biopsies with a histologic diagnosis of amyloid were retrieved and reviewed, the pattern of amyloid deposition identified and classified. Special stains including Congo Red stain was done in all the cases.Results: Histopathological confirmation of cutaneous amyloidosis was seen in nine out of fourteen cases and was confirmed by positive Congo-red stain under polarized light. Out of this seven were females and two were males. Majority of the lesions were of macular type. In all the nine cases, family history was negative and no evidence of systemic involvement was noted, either clinically or based upon the lab investigations.Conclusions: In this pilot study of 9 cases, histologically diagnosed as cutaneous amyloidosis we noted a female preponderance in young and middle-aged persons. Macular amyloidosis was the most common form and the most common site of involvement, the upper extremity and the inter-scapular/back region.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 35-39
Acute Kidney Injury Following Star Fruit (Averrhoa carambola) Ingestion in a Previously Healthy Young Man
Authors: Ruhan Abdul Mumith , Ullah Parash , Uddin Md Moyeen , Alam MM Jahangir , Bari Md Shafiqul , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi
Published: December 2017

Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is a commonly available and popular fruit in many tropical and subtropical countries. Although star fruit induced oxalate nephropathy in patients with pre-existing renal impairment is well documented, reports on its effect on those with normal renal function are infrequent. Hereby we report a case where a young man with previously normal renal function presented with AKI that was attributable to consumption of star fruit. This write up illustrates the importance of obtaining the patient’s history with respect to ingestion of star fruit in case of sudden and unexplained development of renal impairment.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 63-65
Warming Effects on Pinus sylvestris in the Cold–Dry Siberian Forest–Steppe: Positive or Negative Balance of Trade?
Authors: Shestakova Tatiana , Voltas Jordi , Saurer Matthias , Siegwolf Rolf , Kirdyanov Alexander
Published: December 2017

Understanding climate change impacts on drought-prone forests is a critical issue. We investigated ring-width and stable isotopes (Δ13C and δ18O) in two Pinus sylvestris stands of the cold–dry Siberian forest–steppe growing under contrasting climatic trends over the last 75 years. Despite regional warming, there was increasing precipitation during the growing period at the southern site (MIN) but increasing water deficit (WD) at the northern site (BER). Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) increased similarly (ca. 22%) in response to warming and rising atmospheric CO2. However, the steady increase in WUEi was accompanied by divergent growth patterns since 1980: increasing basal area increment (BAI) in MIN (slope = 0.102 cm2 year−2) and decreasing BAI in BER (slope = −0.129 cm2 year−2). This suggests that increased precipitation, mediated by CO2 effects, promoted growth in MIN, whereas intensified drought stress led to decreased carbon gain and productivity in BER. When compared to warm–dry stands of eastern Spain, the WUEi dependence on WD was three-fold greater in Siberia. Conversely, BAI was more affected by the relative impact of water stress within each region. These results indicate contrasting future trajectories of P. sylvestris forests, which challenge forecasting growth and carbon sequestration in cold–dry areas.
Association of Fruit and Seed Traits of Sapindus mukorossi Germplasm with Environmental Factors in Southern China
Authors: Sun Caowen , Wang Jiawei , Duan Jie , Zhao Guochun , Weng Xuehuang , Jia Liming
Published: December 2017

Sapindus mukorossi is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of southern China; the seed kernel oil is potential biodiesel material, and the saponins extracted from fruit pericarp are very valuable efficient natural surfactants. Therefore, S. mukorossi is an ideal tree species for developing forestry bioenergy and multiple other products. In this study, 42 S. mukorossi fruits from mother trees were collected from 39 distinct locations in 12 Chinese provinces to infer fruit and seed trait responses to environmental factors. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was conducted using 21 horticultural fruit traits and 10 environmental factors that represented different climatic and geographic conditions throughout southern China. CCA revealed well-developed patterns of natural phenotypic variation, and insight into the ecological factors that are potentially important in shaping this variation. The results presented here further elucidate the natural distribution and ecological adaptations of wild S. mukorossi resources, which will be valuable for S. mukorossi cultivation by helping identify ideal planting areas. The germplasm resources with extensive morphological variation can also contribute to S. mukorossi breeding in the future by helping develop new cultivars with high saponin yield.
An Automatic Road Network Construction Method Using Massive GPS Trajectory Data
Authors: Zhang Yongchuan , Liu Jiping , Qian Xinlin , Qiu Agen , Zhang Fuhao
Published: December 2017

Automatically acquiring comprehensive, accurate, and real-time mapping information and translating this information into digital maps are challenging problems. Traditional methods are time consuming and costly because they require expensive field surveying and labor-intensive post-processing. Recently, the ubiquitous use of positioning technology in vehicles and other devices has produced massive amounts of trajectory data, which provide new opportunities for digital map production and updating. This paper presents an automatic method for producing road networks from raw vehicle global positioning system (GPS) trajectory data. First, raw GPS positioning data are processed to remove noise using a newly proposed algorithm employing flexible spatial, temporal, and logical constraint rules. Then, a new road network construction algorithm is used to incrementally merge trajectories into a directed graph representing a digital map. Furthermore, the average road traffic volume and speed are calculated and assigned to corresponding road segments. To evaluate the performance of the method, an experiment was conducted using 5.76 million trajectory data points from 200 taxis. The result was qualitatively compared with OpenStreetMap and quantitatively compared with two existing methods based on the F-score. The findings show that our method can automatically generate a road network representing a digital map.
Grassroots Innovation Using Drones for Indigenous Mapping and Monitoring
Authors: Paneque-Gálvez Jaime , Vargas-Ramírez Nicolás , Napoletano Brian , Cummings Anthony
Published: December 2017

Indigenous territories are facing increasing pressures from numerous legal and illegal activities that are pushing commodity frontiers within their limits, frequently causing severe environmental degradation and threatening indigenous territorial rights and livelihoods. In Central and South America, after nearly three decades of participatory mapping projects, interest is mounting among indigenous peoples in the use of new technologies for community mapping and monitoring as a means of defense against such threats. Since 2014, several innovative projects have been developed and implemented in the region to demonstrate and train indigenous communities in the use of small drones for territorial mapping and monitoring. In this paper, we report on five projects carried out in Peru, Guyana, and Panama. For each one we describe the context, main objectives, positive outcomes, challenges faced, and opportunities ahead. Preliminary results are promising and have gained the interest of many indigenous societies who envision this technology as a powerful tool to protect their territories and strengthen their claims regarding specific environmental liabilities and justice issues. Based on the results presented here and a review of previous similar studies, we offer a critical discussion of some of the main opportunities and challenges that we foresee regarding the use of small drones for indigenous territorial mapping and monitoring. In addition, we elaborate on why a careful, well thought-out, and progressive adoption of drones by indigenous peoples may trigger grassroots innovations in ways conducive to greater environmental justice and sustainability.
Li-Decorated β12-Borophene as Potential Candidates for Hydrogen Storage: A First-Principle Study
Authors: Liu Tingting , Chen Yuhong , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Meiling , Yuan Lihua , Zhang Cairong
Published: December 2017

The hydrogen storage properties of pristine β12-borophene and Li-decorated β12-borophene are systemically investigated by means of first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The adsorption sites, adsorption energies, electronic structures, and hydrogen storage performance of pristine β12-borophene/H2 and Li-β12-borophene/H2 systems are discussed in detail. The results show that H2 is dissociated into Two H atoms that are then chemisorbed on β12-borophene via strong covalent bonds. Then, we use Li atom to improve the hydrogen storage performance and modify the hydrogen storage capacity of β12-borophene. Our numerical calculation shows that Li-β12-borophene system can adsorb up to 7 H2 molecules; while 2Li-β12-borophene system can adsorb up to 14 H2 molecules and the hydrogen storage capacity up to 10.85 wt %.
Modeling and Simulation of the Gray-to-White Transition during Solidification of a Hypereutectic Gray Cast Iron: Application to a Stub-to-Carbon Connection Used in Smelting Processes
Authors: Urrutia Alejandro , Celentano Diego , Gunasegaram Dayalan
Published: December 2017

This work reports on experimental and numerical results of the gray-to-white transition (GWT) during solidification of a hypereutectic gray cast iron (GCI) in a casting test using a stub-to-carbon (STC) connection assembly. Since in this process non-uniform cooling rates are produced, the mechanical properties are expected to spatially vary due to the development of different microstructures along the thimble. The twin aims of this work were to (1) experimentally validate the GWT prediction capabilities of the microstructural model proposed earlier by the authors in the rodding process of a hypereutectic GCI-STC, and (2) estimate, from the numerically obtained microstructure and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the local hardness of the alloy after the numerical predictions of the microstructure were experimentally validated. To this end, the final microstructure at different points of the thimble and the hardness profile along its radial direction were measured for validation purposes. Moreover, this rodding process was simulated using an extension of a thermal microstructural model previously developed by the authors and the GWT was superimposed on that simulation. The computed results encompass cooling curves, the evolution of gray and white fractions, eutectic radii and densities and, in addition, the hardness profile. A detailed discussion of the experimental and numerical results is presented. Finally, the computed GWT was found to adequately reproduce the experimental data.
Experimental Investigation of Surface Layer Properties of High Thermal Conductivity Tool Steel after Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Świercz Rafał , Oniszczuk-Świercz Dorota
Published: December 2017

New materials require the use of advanced technology in manufacturing complex shape parts. One of the modern materials widely used in the tool industry for injection molds or hot stamping dies is high conductivity tool steel (HTCS) 150. Due to its hardness (55 HRC) and thermal conductivity at 66 W/mK, this material is difficult to machine by conventional treatment and is being increasingly manufactured by nonconventional technology such as electrical discharge machining (EDM). In the EDM process, material is removed from the workpiece by a series of electrical discharges that cause changes to the surface layers properties. The final state of the surface layer directly influences the durability of the produced elements. This paper presents the influence of EDM process parameters: discharge current Ic and the pulse time ton on surface layer properties. The experimental investigation was carried out with an experimental methodology design. Surface layers properties including roughness 3D parameters, the thickness of the white layer, heat affected zone, tempered layer and occurring micro cracks were investigated and described. The influence of the response surface methodology (RSM) of discharge current Ic and the pulse time ton on the thickness of the white layer and roughness parameters Sa, Sds and Ssc were described and established.
Effect of Cobalt on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Ni-Based Alloy Coating Fabricated by Laser Cladding
Authors: Wang Kaiming , Chang Baohua , Lei Yongping , Fu Hanguang , Lin Yinghua
Published: December 2017

Ni-based alloy powders with different contents of cobalt (Co) have been deposited on a 42CrMo steel substrate surface using a fiber laser. The effects of Co content on the microstructure, composition, hardness, and wear properties of the claddings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a hardness tester, and a wear tester. The results show that the phases in the cladding layers are mainly γ, M7(C, B)3, M23(C, B)6, and M2B. With the increase in Co content, the amounts of M7(C, B)3, M23(C, B)6, and M2B gradually decrease, and the width of the eutectic structure in the cladding layer also gradually decreases. The microhardness decreases but the wear resistance of the cladding layer gradually improves with the increase of Co content. The wear resistance of the NiCo30 cladding layer is 3.6 times that of the NiCo00 cladding layer. With the increase of Co content, the wear mechanism of the cladding layer is changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear.
Modification of Rule of Mixtures for Tensile Strength Estimation of Circular GFRP Rebars
Authors: You Young-Jun , Kim Jang-Ho , Park Ki-Tae , Seo Dong-Woo , Lee Tae-Hee
Published: December 2017

The rule of mixtures (ROM) method is often used to estimate the tensile strength of fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) reinforcing bars (rebars). Generally, the ROM method predicts the FRP rebars’ modulus of elasticity adequately but overestimates their tensile strength. This may result from defects occurred during manufacture that prevent the used materials from exhibiting a sound performance and the shear-lag phenomenon by transmission of external forces through the surface of the rebar having a circular cross section. Due to the latter, there is a difference in fiber breaking points regarding the fibers located on the surface and fibers located at the center, and thus results in differences between the values calculated from the conventional ROM and the experimental result. In this study, for the purpose of resolving the problem, glass FRP (GFRP) rebars were shaped to have a hollow section at the center of their cross sections and were further subject to tensile strength tests. The test results were further placed under regression analysis and a modified ROM within ±5% accuracy compared to the experimental value was proposed for GFRP rebars with 13, 16, and 19 mm diameters.
Drag Reduction Using Polysaccharides in a Taylor–Couette Flow
Authors: Bhambri Pallavi , Narain Ravin , Fleck Brian
Published: December 2017

Three different polysaccharides, aloe vera, Tamarind powder and pineapple fibers, are utilized as drag reducing agents in a turbulent flow. Using a Taylor–Couette setup, consisting of a rotating inner cylinder, for measuring the drag reduction, a range of Reynolds numbers from 4 × 104 to 3 × 105 has been explored in this study. The results are in good agreement with previous studies on polysaccharides conducted in a pipe/channel flow and a maximum drag reduction of 35% has been observed. Further, novel additives such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), surfactants and CNC grafted with surfactants are also examined in this study for drag reduction. CNC due to its rigid rod structure reduced the drag by 30%. Surfactant, due to its unique micelle formation showed maximum drag reduction of 80% at low Re. Further, surfactant was grafted on CNC and was examined for drag reduction. However, drag reduction property of surfactant was observed to be significantly reduced after grafting on CNC. The effect of Reynolds number on drag reduction is studied for all the additives investigated in this study.
Estimating Diurnal Courses of Gross Primary Production for Maize: A Comparison of Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Light-Use Efficiency and Process-Based Models
Authors: Cui Tianxiang , Sun Rui , Qiao Chen , Zhang Qiang , Yu Tao , Liu Gang , Liu Zhigang
Published: December 2017

Accurately quantifying gross primary production (GPP) is of vital importance to understanding the global carbon cycle. Light-use efficiency (LUE) models and process-based models have been widely used to estimate GPP at different spatial and temporal scales. However, large uncertainties remain in quantifying GPP, especially for croplands. Recently, remote measurements of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have provided a new perspective to assess actual levels of plant photosynthesis. In the presented study, we evaluated the performance of three approaches, including the LUE-based multi-source data synergized quantitative (MuSyQ) GPP algorithm, the process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) model, and the SIF-based statistical model, in estimating the diurnal courses of GPP at a maize site in Zhangye, China. A field campaign was conducted to acquire synchronous far-red SIF (SIF760) observations and flux tower-based GPP measurements. Our results showed that both SIF760 and GPP were linearly correlated with APAR, and the SIF760-GPP relationship was adequately characterized using a linear function. The evaluation of the modeled GPP against the GPP measured from the tower demonstrated that all three approaches provided reasonable estimates, with R2 values of 0.702, 0.867, and 0.667 and RMSE values of 0.247, 0.153, and 0.236 mg m−2 s−1 for the MuSyQ-GPP, BEPS and SIF models, respectively. This study indicated that the BEPS model simulated the GPP best due to its efficiency in describing the underlying physiological processes of sunlit and shaded leaves. The MuSyQ-GPP model was limited by its simplification of some critical ecological processes and its weakness in characterizing the contribution of shaded leaves. The SIF760-based model demonstrated a relatively limited accuracy but showed its potential in modeling GPP without dependency on climate inputs in short-term studies.