bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parentification and Language Brokering: An Exploratory Study of the Similarities and Differences in Their Relations to Continuous and Dichotomous Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Arellano Brenda , Mier-Chairez Judy , Tomek Sara , Hooper Lisa M.
Published: October 2018

Researchers have argued parentification and language brokering experienced in childhood are similar in nature and may have the same deleterious effects on mental health outcomes in adulthood, although there is a dearth of empirical research examining this contention. To address this gap in the literature, parentification was analyzed multidimensionally with subscales for parent-focused parentification, sibling-focused parentification, instrumental parentification, emotional parentification, and perceived unfairness in a nonclinical sample of adults (N = 1,796; Mage = 21.23, SD = 5.25). Overall, we found all parentification scores—with the exception of sibling-focused parentification—to be predictive of mental health outcomes (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms as well as overall psychological distress). Language brokering showed similar results but to a lesser degree, suggesting parentification had a stronger association with mental health. We also found significant gender differences pointing toward higher levels of parentification and language brokering in male participants. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Profiles of Trauma in Primary and Permanent Teeth of Children and Adolescents
Authors: de Paula Barros Jackeline Nogueira , de Araújo Thayssa Augusto Assis , Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos , Lenzi Michele Machado , de Andrade Risso Patrícia , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: October 2018

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the dental trauma profile in primary and permanent teeth from patients between 0 and 15 years old who attended the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Data regarding gender, age, trauma classification, tooth type, and affected tissues were obtained from dental records. The data were analyzed descriptively and by the χ2 test (p < 0.05). Data associated with 333 traumatized teeth (70% primary and 30% permanent teeth) were included. The mean ages of children with affected primary and permanent teeth were 3.35 ± 2.02 and 9.09 ± 2.43 years, respectively. Males presented more permanent teeth with trauma (64.4%) than primary ones (55.6%; p = 0.085). The upper central incisors, both primary (68.9%) and permanent (69.4%), were the teeth most commonly affected. Primary teeth showed a higher frequency (p < 0.001) of supportive tissue trauma (73.3%) and lower frequency (p = 0.001) of hard tissue trauma (40.7%) than those in permanent ones (51.5% and 60.6%, respectively). The most frequent trauma in the supportive tissue was subluxation (27.2%) and permanent lateral luxation (42.0%). In the hard tissues, permanent teeth presented a higher prevalence of trauma than primary ones (p = 0.001), however this difference was not statistical significant when each type of fracture injury was evaluated individually (p > 0.005). With affected primary teeth, there was a greater frequency of trauma in the gingival mucosa (31.0%; p = 0.022); in the permanent ones, traumatic lesions in the chin region were the most prevalent (20.8%; p = 0.009). Trauma was recurrent in 26.3% of primary teeth and in 20.2% permanent teeth. Therefore, primary and permanent teeth showed distinct trauma profiles, suggesting that distinct preventive and therapeutic approaches are needed for these two groups.
Salivary Factors Related to Caries in Children with Autism
Authors: Morales-Chávez MC , Villarroel-Dorrego M , Salas V
Published: October 2018

Many predisposing factors to caries are present in autism, however, it is unlikely that autistic patients exhibit higher caries indexes than the rest of the population. Objective: To evaluate salivary factors related to caries in autistic patients. Study design: 34 autistics and 34 controls aged between 4–13 years old were included. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and oral hygiene simplified index (IHO-S) were assessed, as well as, pH, total proteins, phosphate, calcium and IgA in saliva. All data were analyzed by chi2 and Student t tests for independent samples. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Autistic patients showed less caries than controls (p≤0.001), DMFT was 1±1 and 3±2 respectively (p≤0.001). In relation to IHO-S, values increased (p=0.008) in autistic patients (2.25±0.78) compared to controls (1.79±0.59), however Salivary ph means were similar (7.20±0.48 and 7.27±0.34 respectively). Decreased calcium levels (p=0.013) were observed in autistics (0.621±0.35 mmol/L) compared to controls (0.89±0.51 mmol/L), but phosphate levels were similar (6.17±4.22 M, 5.51±4.86 M respectively). When total proteins of saliva were assessed, autistics showed a slight increment (2.65±1.81 mg/mL) compared to controls (2.24±1.27 mg/mL) and zymography showed a higher proteolytic activity in autistic children. Finally, IgA concentration reached 116.55±90.97 μg/mL in autistics and 161.61 ± 193.37μg/mL (p=0.527) in the control group. Conclusions: Even though patients with autism exhibited a poorer oral hygiene, caries indexes were lower, calcium levels in saliva were found to be lesser and phosphate levels higher.
Erişkin çölyaklı hastalarımızın klinik değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇOŞKUN Banu Demet , SEVİNÇ Eylem , İPEK Pınar , ALTINKAYA Engin , POYRAZOĞLU Orhan Kürşat , KARAMAN Ahmet , KARAMAN Hatice
Published: October 2018

Giriş ve Amaç:Çölyak hastalığı tanısı almış erişkin olgularımızın klinik bulgularının, laboratuvar verilerinin ve glutensiz diyete uyumlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem:Bu çalışma, Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, gastroenteroloji bölümünde, Ocak 2011-Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasındaki üç yıllık süreçte izlenen yaşları 18-70 yaş arasında deği-şen, 72’si kadın (%70,6), 102 çölyak hastasının başvuru şikayetleri, laboratuvar sonuçları, endoskopi bulguları ve duodenum biyopsisi sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular:Çalışmaya alınan 102 olgunun yaş ortalaması 37,6±14,8 idi. Olgularımızın başvuru şikayeti en sık demir eksikliği anemisi (%48), ishal (%40), karın ağrısı- şişkinlik (%42) iken bunu kilo alım yetersizliği/ kilo kaybı (%10) ve dispepsi (%7) izlemektedir. Olgularımızın klinik tiplemesinde 49’u (%48) klasik, 50’si (%49,1) atipik, 3’ü (%2,9) asemptomatik çölyak hastalığı alt sınıfındaydı. Laboratuvar bulguları içerisinde en sık demir eksikliği anemisi görülürken olguların %18,6’da karaciğer enzim yüksekliği izlenmiştir. Hastaların üst endoskopilerinde görülen en sık bulgular sırasıyla duodenal ödem, mozaik patern, taraklanma ve pililerde silinme idi. Hastaların %60’ının diyete uymadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç:Çölyak hastalığının başvuru şekillerinin diğer ülkelerde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de değişik olduğu ve atipik bulgularla başvuran hasta oranının artmış olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada çölyak hastalığına bağlı oluşabilecek komplikasyonların önlenmesi için atipik bulgularla gelen hastalara mümkün olduğunca erken tanının konulması ve diyete uyum konusunda hastaların bilinçlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.
Interdisciplinaridade nas práticas pedagógicas de professoras do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Silva Maria de Fátima Gomes da , Santana Iolanda Mendonça de
Published: October 2018

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa acadêmica concluída, cujo objetivo foi investigar formas de vivência da interdisciplinaridade nas práticas pedagógicas de professoras do 1º ciclo dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. No que toca aos procedimentos metodológicos, fez-se opção pela abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, com ênfase na pesquisa-ação. O enquadramento teórico deste estudo está assente nas ideias de Santomé (1998); Furlanetto (2003); Santos (2007); Silva (2009) e Crusoé (2014), entre outros. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se, de modo prioritário, a técnica de grupo focal e, complementarmente, a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação participante. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Conclui-se com essa pesquisa que a vivência da interdisciplinaridade nas práticas pedagógicas das professoras investigadas é materializada por meio de um trabalho que articula conteúdos didáticos de diversas disciplinas do currículo escolar e reside na integração do conhecimento pelo viés da multidisciplinaridade. Conclui-se, ainda, que se faz necessário a prática pedagógica das referidas professoras ser orientada por uma perspectiva crítica que lhes possibilite um pensar e agir pedagógicos reflexivos e criativos, alinhados às necessidades cotidianas dos estudantes e condizentes com o pensamento interdisciplinar.
A escrita como experiência cotidiana: pistas para pensar a formação de professores
Authors: Ferraço Carlos Eduardo , Da Silva Tamili Mardegan
Published: October 2018

Trata-se de um dos desdobramentos da pesquisa “Currículo, cotidiano escolar e clichê” (CNPq, 2015-2018), que tem como um de seus principais objetivos pensar os processos formativos em meio aos movimentos curriculares nos quais a escrita é potencializada na multiplicidade dos cotidianos de diferentes instituições escolares. Para tanto, defende que a formação também acontece com os processos de escrita que se realizam com as experiências e os acontecimentos vivenciados cotidianamente por estudantes e educadores. Entende que, ao se permitirem escrever, os professores e os alunos produzem saberes-fazeres que potencializam seus processos formativos. Destaca as experimentações escritas durante as formações iniciais e/ou continuadas como práticas para o surgimento e/ou afirmação de produções textuais que possam desterritorializar as políticas prescritivas de formação.
Estudio termodinámico de la lixiviación de plomo reciclado con citrato de sodio
Authors: Villa Lina Constanza , Saldarriaga Agudelo Wilmer , Rojas Nestor Ricardo
Published: October 2018

Las baterías de plomo representan el 60% de las baterías de almacenamiento de energía eléctrica del mundo. Cerca del 50% del consumo de plomo a nivel mundial proviene de materiales reciclados y reutilizados. Actualmente, los métodos pirometalúrgicos representan más del 90% de la tecnología para recuperación de plomo; sin embargo, estos procesos son criticados debido a la emisión de dióxido de azufre por la descomposición de sulfato de plomo a temperaturas elevadas, además de las emisiones de partículas. La recuperación de plomo mediante el reciclaje de baterías por procesos hidrometalúrgicos ha sido investigada como una alternativa a los procesos pirometalúrgicos. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis termodinámico de la lixiviación de plomo con citrato de sodio. El análisis termodinámico se basó en el estudio de tres diagramas de estabilidad construidos con el software Medusa®. Se realizaron pruebas de lixiviación que permitieron conocer el sistema, corroborar el análisis termodinámico realizado y estudiar el comportamiento del sistema. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que es posible extraer 100% de plomo con una concentración de agente lixiviante de 0.25 M, relación sólido líquido 1:1 y 25 °C.
La prueba de la condición de heredero en el Derecho europeo de sucesiones: el Certificado Sucesorio Europeo = The proof of the condition of heir in the European Succession Law: the European Certificate of Succesion
Authors: Antón Juárez Isabel
Published: October 2018

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo aproximar al lector al instrumento creado por el Reglamento europeo nº 650/2012, el certificado sucesorio europeo. Este documento concebido para que despliegue los mismos efectos en todos los Estados miembros partes del Reglamento europeo de sucesiones tiene como finalidad que los interesados en su expedición puedan acreditar su cualidad de heredero, legatario, ejecutor testamentario o administrador de la herencia en una sucesión transnacional. La finalidad del certificado sucesorio europeo es facilitar la sucesión mortis causa transnacional. Sin embargo, hay aspectos del certificado que no han sido regulados por el legislador europeo de forma concreta y precisa por lo que pueden dar lugar a que su aplicación no sea uniforme en la práctica.Palabras clave: certificado sucesorio europeo, sucesión mortis causa, heredero, legatario,ejecutor testamentario, administrador de la herencia, prueba.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to approximate the reader to the instrument created by Regu­lation No. 650/2012, called as a European Certificate of succesrion. This document, designed to have the same effects in all member states of the European Succsesion regulation, has the purpose that those interested in its issue can prove their status as heir, legatee, testamentary executor or administrator of the inheritance in a transnational succession. The purpose of the European Certificate of Succession is to facilitate the transnational succession. However, there are aspects of the certificate that have not been regulated by the European legislator in a concrete and precise way, which may result in their application not being uniform in practice.Keywords: European Certificate of Succession, succesion mortis causa, heir, legatee, executor of the will, administrator of the estate, proof.
El abandono de la gente de mar y el recurso al aseguramiento privado vía P&I: una visión desde España = The abandonment of seafarers and their protection through Private Insurance via P&I: a vision from Spain
Authors: Fotinopoulou Basurko Olga
Published: October 2018

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la vía empleada en España para incorporar, al menos y de manera informal, las enmiendas hechas en el año 2014 al Convenio de Trabajo Marítimo, 2006, de la OIT, y que tienen por objeto el establecimiento de un sistema de garantía financiera para los supuestos de abandono de la gente de mar, así como frente a las reclamaciones relacionadas con la muerte y discapacidad prolongada, hoy contenidas en la Directiva 2018/131 del Consejo, de 23 de enero de 2018. En particular, se realiza una reflexión acerca de si el sistema de protección privada vía P&I establecido se ajusta o no a los objetivos perseguidos en la norma internacional, así como se estudian los diversos problemas que, desde la perspectiva de nuestra legislación interna, pueden surgir a propósito de dicho sistema de protección privada. Palabras clave: gente de mar, abandono, protección privada, P&I.Abstract: In this article we analyze the path employed in Spain to implement, at least in an in­formally way, the amendments made in 2014 with respect to the Maritime Labor Convention, 2006, ILO, which aim to establish a financial guarantee system in seafarers’ abandonment cases, as well as against claims related to death and prolonged disability of them, today contained in the Council Directi­ve 2018/131, of January 23, 2018. Particularly, we reflect whether the established P&I private protection system conforms or not the objectives pursued in the international instrument, as well as the different difficulties that, from our internal legislation perspective, can arise from the said established private protection system. Keywords: seafarers, abandonment, private insurance, P&I.
Hacia la recuperación de la adopción simple en el Derecho español = To the recovery of simple adoption in Spanish Law
Authors: Sánchez Cano Mª Jesús
Published: October 2018

Resumen: En la actualidad, cobran fuerza nuevas tendencias que defienden el recurso a institucio­nes que, al mismo tiempo que proporcionan estabilidad, resultan menos rígidas que la adopción plena, entre las que se incluirían la adopción abierta y la adopción simple. El presente estudio analiza estas figuras, valorando las ventajas de una posible recuperación de la adopción simple en el Derecho español, en particular, desde la perspectiva del reconocimiento del derecho del adoptado a conocer sus orígenes y al desarrollo de su propia identidad. También se examinan los problemas que plantea la reintroducción de la adopción simple en España, a través del fenómeno de la adopción internacional, formulando solu­ciones a las cuestiones que suscita en la práctica su reconocimiento, aplicando el Convenio de La Haya de 1993 y el art.30 LAI.Palabras clave: adopción internacional, adopción simple, adopción plena, conversión, Convenio de La Haya de 1993, ley de adopción internacional.Abstract: At present, new trends are gaining strength, defending the recourse to legal institutions that, while providing stability, are less rigid than full adoption, including open adoption and simple adop­tion. The present study analyses these legal institutions valuing the advantages of a possible reintroduction of simple adoption under Spanish law. The right of the adopted child to know his origin and his right to develop his own Identity might be enhanced as well through simple adoption. This article also examines the problems raised by the reintroduction of simple adoption in Spain, through the phenomenon of inter­country adoption. This paper proposes some solutions to the recognition of simple adoption under the Ha­gue Convention on adoption (1993), and under Arcitcle 30 of the Spanish Law on internacional adoption.Keywords: intercountry adoption, simple adoption, plenary adoption, The 1993 Hague Conven­tion, The Intercountry Adoption Act.
Fundamentos de la actividad probatoria en el proceso civil español = Fundamentals of the probative activity in the Spanish Civil process
Authors: Sigüenza López Julio
Published: October 2018

Resumen: Para ganar un pleito, tan importante es tener razón como saber probar que se tiene dere­cho a aquello que se solicita. Lo que pone de manifiesto la relevancia práctica de la actividad probatoria y la necesidad de conocer debidamente los aspectos más destacados de la misma. A tal fin, en el presente estudio se analizan los principios que han de tenerse en cuenta en esta materia, qué debe probarse, quién tiene la carga de acreditar los hechos que se afirman ante un tribunal y con qué han de intentar justificar­se las alegaciones que se hagan ante éste.Palabras clave: Derecho español, proceso civil, prueba, objeto y necesidad.Abstract: To win a lawsuit, being right is so important as knowing how to prove the right to those requested. This shows the practical relevance of the evidentiary activity and the need to know properly its most featured aspects. To that end, the current study analyze the principles that must be taken into account in this matter, what should be proved, who has the burden of proving the facts that are asserted in a court of law, and what needs to be used to try justify the allegations made in court.Keywords: Spanish law, Civil procedure, proof, object and necessity.
La reinterpretación del Forum Societatis: nota a la Sentencia del TJUE de 7 de marzo de 2018, C-560/16, e.On = Forum Societatis revisited: commentary to the ECJ Judgment of 7 march 2018, c-560/16, e.On
Authors: Ballesteros Barros Ángel María
Published: October 2018

Resumen: La sentencia del TJUE de 7 de marzo de 2018, C-560/16, E.ON, resuelve una cuestión relativa al alcance del foro de competencia exclusiva previsto en el art. 22.2 del Reglamento 44/2001, interpretando que una demanda que tiene por objeto el control judicial del carácter razonable de la con­traprestación que el accionista mayoritario de una sociedad debe abonar a sus accionistas minoritarios en caso de transmisión obligatoria de sus acciones es competencia exclusiva de los tribunales del Estado miembro en cuyo territorio está domiciliada dicha sociedad. El presente artículo discrepa del razona­miento utilizado por el TJUE y propone una solución diferente al conflicto de calificación de la acción objeto del litigio principal.Palabras clave: Artículo 22 (2) Reglamento (CE) nº 44/2001, competencia exclusiva, litigios re­lativos a la validez de las decisiones de los órganos de las sociedades, alcance.Abstract: ECJ Judgment of 7 March 2018, C-560/16, E.ON, clarify the scope of application of Ar­ticle 22(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001. The Court held that Article 22.2 must be interpreted as meaning that an action, such as that at issue in the main proceedings, for review of the reasonableness of the consideration that the principal shareholder of a company is required to pay to the minority sha­reholders of that company in the event of the compulsory transfer of their shares to that principal share­holder comes within the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the Member State in which that company is established. The author of this article disagrees with the reasoning used by the ECJ and proposes a different solution to the characterization of the action in the main proceedings.Keywords: Article 22(2) of Regulation (EC) No 44/2001, exclusive jurisdiction, disputes relating to the validity of decisions of the company’s organs, scope.
Foreign overriding mandatory provisions under the regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I Regulation). Judgment of the European Court of Justice of 18 october 2016, case c-135/15 = Leyes de policía de terceros estados en el ámbito del reglamento (CE) No 593/2008 (Reglamento Roma I). Comentario a la STJUE de 18 de octubre de 2016, asunto c-135/15
Authors: Kronenberg Alexander
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The role and treatment of foreign overriding mandatory provisions in international con­tract law have been subject to academic discussions for a long time. This has not changed with the introduction of Article 9 of the Rome I Regulation. In the judgment discussed in this case note, the Eu­ropean Court of Justice addressed some of the contentious issues in relation to Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation. This note examines and evaluates the solutions found by the ECJ and puts them into context. It also points out some questions the ECJ did not discuss; these questions remain open for now but will need to be addressed in the future.Keywords: Article 9(3) Rome I Regulation, foreign overriding mandatory provisions, conflict-of-law level consideration, substantive law level consideration, principle of sincere cooperation.Resumen: El tratamiento de las leyes de policía de terceros estados en derecho de contratos inter­nacionales ha sido objeto de la polémica desde hace tiempo. Esto no ha cambiado con la entrada en vigor del artículo 9 del Reglamento Roma I. Con la sentencia comentada el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea ha tratado algunas de la cuestiones debatidas respecto al artículo 9.3 del Reglamento Roma I. Este comentario analiza, evalúa y pone en contexto las soluciones encontradas por el TJUE. También aborda las cuestiones que no han sido comentadas por el TJUE; estas cuestiones permanecen abiertas por el momento pero deberán ser examinadas en el futuro.Palabras clave: leyes de policía de terceros estados, consideración en nivel conflictual, considera­ción en nivel sustantivo, principio de cooperación leal.
EXPERIENCE OF REMEDIATION OF SITES CONTAMINATED WITH RADIONUCLIDES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TERRITORY OF THE MOSRENTGEN PLANT
Authors: Kormanovskaya T. A. , Kononenko D. V. , Venkov V. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Berezhnoy V. V.
Published: October 2018

This study is focused on the issues of remediation of sites and territories contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the past activities of the facilities. Actions performed at the territory of the «Mosrentgen» plant, contaminated by 137Cs after the radiation accident in 1962, are evaluated as an example. This paper provides a detailed description of the actions performed in 2012–2017 and the analysis of the mistakes made during the radiation survey, leading to the detection of the large volume of the radioactive wastes during the excavation at the construction of the industrial building at the decontaminated site. The authors propose a method of preliminary assessment of the 137Cs activity concentration in soil based on the gamma-radiation exposure rate on the surface of the soil batch. The results of the study indicate a necessity of development and implementation of the legislative base regulating the structure and types of surveys for remediation of facilities and territories.
Performance-based contract for non-revenue water reduction – case study Bahrain
Authors: Dalton J.
Published: October 2018

A performance-based contract (PBC) for non-revenue water (NRW) reduction was executed in the Muharraq Governorate of the Kingdom of Bahrain between 2013 and 2016. The contract included a mixture of fixed and performance-based payment terms. The performance element included the establishment of 35 District Metered Areas (DMAs) and the targeted reduction of NRW by 15 percentage points within the project catchment. The contract was a partnership between the contractor and the utility, whereby the contractor undertook the investigative work, while the utility was responsible for executing all resulting construction activities. A number of important lessons were learnt that should be applied to future projects. The contract design arguably placed too much risk upon the contractor. The original project timescale proved to be completely unrealistic. The data collected following DMA establishment enabled the cause of NRW in each DMA to be determined and the appropriate action taken. The quick win for real losses was automated pressure control, while permanent monitoring of large industrial users represented the same for apparent losses. Knowledge transfer to the utility proved to be arguably more important than achievement of contractual NRW targets. The contractor–utility working relationship proved crucial in facilitating eventual project success.
Nutrient recycling from the effluent of a decentralized anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating fresh domestic wastewater by cultivation of the microalgae Acutodesmus obliquus
Authors: Foix-Cablé M. , Darmawan R. A. , Sahnoun M. , Hindersin S. , Kerner M. , Kraume M.
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the feasibility of microalgae cultivation with the effluent (permeate) of a decentralized anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating high strength domestic wastewater. Two experiments, consisting of three and two successive batch experiments with incubation times varying between 5 and 9 days, were conducted. Nutrient removal and growth of the microalgae species Acutodesmus obliquus were studied for the following culture media: (A) permeate, (B) permeate enriched with iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S) and the chelating agent EDTA, (C) commercial fertilizer as control culture. Initial nutrient concentrations in the culture media ranged from 9.3 to 16.6 mg·L−1 total phosphorus (TP) and from 85.1 to 126.2 mg·L−1 total nitrogen (TN). TP reached an average removal of 97%, 98% and 99% in (A), (B) and (C) respectively. An average TN removal of 94% and 96% was achieved in (B) and (C). Starting from the third batch of the first experiment and the second batch of the second experiment, the culture with permeate (A) showed a decrease in TN removal. Further batch experiments showed the need to add iron to ensure an optimal TN removal from the permeate.
Stimulants and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update
Authors: Ramirez Ramon L. , De Jesus Perez Vinicio , Zamanian Roham T.
Published: October 2018

The connection between stimulants and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was first made apparent in the 1960s during an outbreak associated with anorexigen (amphetamine-like appetite suppressants) use. Since then, a total of 16 drugs and toxins have been linked to PAH (ie, drug and toxin-associated PAH [DT-APAH]), including illicit stimulants like methamphetamine. Recently, basic science research and novel genomic studies have started to shed light on possible pathologic and genetic mechanisms implicated in disease development, namely loss of function variants in genes involved in drug detoxification. This review will discuss the history and current state of knowledge regarding stimulants and their association with PAH. It will also discuss clinical management of patients with DT-APAH. Lastly, it will highlight the importance of ongoing research efforts to identify susceptibility factors implicated in DT-APAH and the need for increased pharmacovigilance and awareness to identify new drugs that may be risk factors for PAH. Ultimately, this may be our best strategy to improve clinical outcomes and prevent deadly future outbreaks of DT-APAH.
Graphene and Graphene Oxide Applications for SERS Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Jabłońska Anna , Jaworska Aleksandra , Kasztelan Mateusz , Berbeć Sylwia , Pałys Barbara
Published: October 2018

:

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has a long history as an
ultrasensitive platform for the detection of biological species from small aromatic molecules
to complex biological systems as circulating tumor cells. Thanks to unique properties of graphene,
the range of SERS applications has largely expanded. Graphene is efficient fluorescence
quencher improving quality of Raman spectra. It contributes also to the SERS enhancement
factor through the chemical mechanism. In turn, the chemical flexibility of Reduced
Graphene Oxide (RGO) enables tunable adsorption of molecules or cells on SERS active
surfaces. Graphene oxide composites with SERS active nanoparticles have been also applied
for Raman imaging of cells. This review presents a survey of SERS assays employing
graphene or RGO emphasizing the improvement of SERS enhancement brought by graphene
or RGO. The structure and physical properties of graphene and RGO will be discussed too.
Nutraceutical-based Integrative Medicine: Adopting a Mediterranean Diet Pyramid for Attaining Healthy Ageing in Veterans with Disabilities
Authors: Ciccotti Mario , Raguzzini Anna , Sciarra Tommaso , Catasta Giovina , Aiello Paola , Buccolieri Cosimo , Reggi Raffaella , Palmery Maura , Lista Florigio , Peluso Ilaria
Published: October 2018

Veterans with disability represent a big burden worldwide and often require long-term rehabilitation.
Unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits, including smoke and alcohol abuse, are common in veterans. In the context
of integrative medicine approaches, the “complementary and alternative medicine” has been suggested for the
management of chronic diseases. However, the potential risk of interaction between herbal products, dietary
supplements and drugs must be considered in veterans. The Mediterranean diet has been suggested as a natural,
non-pharmacological nutraceutical for healthy ageing. Although there is a broad consensus on the positive effect
of plant foods consumption, the presence of glucosinolates, flavonoids and furanocoumarins in some plant foods
and beverages must be taken into consideration owing to their potential interfering with drugs metabolism and
bioavailability. Albeit seasonality could ensure the maintenance of the single dose of phytochemical below that at
which adverse effects in some individuals genetically predisposed or unpleasant drug interactions in diseased
subjects can occur, a personalized nutrition is recommended in veterans who are under treatment for comorbidities.
Furthermore, sports practice can lead veterans with motor disabilities and mental impairments to excel in
some disciplines, giving rise to the phenomenon of the Paralympics and the development of "recreational therapy".
Moreover, outdoor lifestyle, through vitamin D synthesis, and conviviality, improving socialization, could
account for the Mediterranean lifestyle health benefits. In this work, we propose for veterans a Mediterranean
Pyramid, which could be the basis for integrative medicine for veterans with disabilities, patient-centered approaches
and interprofessional (including physical medicine and rehabilitation clinicians, pharmacists and nutritionists)
interventions.
Pharmacological Effects of Carvacrol in In vitro Studies: A Review
Authors: Silva Erika Ramos , de Carvalho Fernanda Oliveira , Teixeira Luciana Garcez Barretto , Santos Nayara Gomes Lima , Felipe Fernanda Araújo , Santana Hericalizandra Santa Rosa , Shanmugam Saranavan , Quintans Júnior Lucindo José , de Souza Araújo Adriano Antunes , Nunes Paula Santos
Published: October 2018

Carvacrol has a high therapeutic potential, with in vitro studies showing promising results in different
cellular models using a variety of methodological designs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a
systematic review to analyze the pharmacological effects of carvacrol in in vitro studies. A comprehensive search
of the literature was made using four databases: Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, and Web of Science
using different combinations of the following keywords: carvacrol, drug therapy, therapeutic uses, in vitro
study. The search of the databases was for studies conducted in the period up to and including September 2016. A
total of 3,269 studies were initially identified, with only 31 meeting the inclusion criteria. The included studies
contained a variety of in vitro models able to determine the properties of Carvacrol. The following properties of
Carvacrol were identified: antimicrobial (7 studies), bactericidal (4), bactericidal and antifungal (1), antiinflammatory
(4), anticancer (4), mutagenic (4), antioxidant (3), antifungal (3), antidepressant (1), as a modulator
of nerve impulses (1) and an immunological modulator (1). The In vitro studies with Carvacrol included in this
review showed a diversity of models and confirmed the therapeutic potential of this product in relation to several
diseases.
Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from the Radix Curcuma aromatica on H2O2-induced Damage in PC12 Cells
Authors: Liu Juxiang , Zhang Lianli , Liu Dan , Li Baocai , Zhang Mi
Published: October 2018

Aim & Objectives: Curcuminoids are characteristic constituents in Curcuma, displaying
obviously neuroprotective activities against oxidative stress. As one of the Traditional Chinese
Medicines from Curcuma, the radix of Curcuma aromatica is also rich in those chemicals, but its
neuroprotective activity and mechanism remain unknown. The aim of the current study is to evaluate
the neuroprotective effects of extracts from the radix of C. aromatica (ECAs) on H2O2-damaged
PC12 cells.

Material and Methods:

The model of oxidative stress damage was established by treatment of 400
µM H2O2 on PC12 to induce cell damage. After the treatment of ECWs for 24 h, the cell viability,
LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH were measured to evaluate the neuroprotection of ECAs on that model.
The potential action mechanism was studied by measurement of level of ROS, cell apoptosis rate,
mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), morphologic change, the intracellular Ca2+ content
(F340/F380) and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. Additionally, the constituents from
tested extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS method.

Results:

Compared with a positive control, Vitamin E, 10 µg/ml of 95% EtOH extract (HCECA) and
75% EtOH extract (MCECA) can markedly increase the rate of cell survival and enhance the
antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, increase the levels of GSH, decrease LDH release and
the level of ROS, attenuate the intracellular Ca2+ overloading, reduce the cell apoptotic rate and
stabilize MMP, down-regulate Bcl-2 expression, up-regulate Bax and caspase-3 expression, and
improve the change of cell morphology. The chemical analysis showed that diarylheptanoids and
sesquiterpenoids are the major chemicals in tested extracts and the former were richer in HCECA
and MCECA than others.

Conclusions:

These findings indicated that the effects of HCECA and MCECA on inhibiting the
cells damage induced by H2O2 in PC12 are better than other extracts from the radix of C. aromatica,
and the active constituents with neuroprotective effects consisting in those two active extracts are
diarylheptanoids.
Nose to Brain Delivery of Galantamine Loaded Nanoparticles: In-vivo Pharmacodynamic and Biochemical Study in Mice
Authors: Sunena  , Singh Shailendra Kumar , Mishra Dina Nath
Published: October 2018

Background:

Presence of blood brain barrier is one of the major hurdle in drug delivery to
brain for the treatment of neurological diseases. Alternative and more effective drug delivery approaches
have been investigated for the drug targeting to brain in therapeutic range.

Objective:

The present investigation was carried out to improve the galantamine bioavailability in brain
by intranasal drug delivery through thiolated chitosan nanoparticles and compared to nasal and oral
delivery of its solution using pharmacodynamic activity as well as biochemical estimation.

Methods:

Thiolated chitosan (modified) nanoparticles were fabricated using modified ionic gelation
method and intranasal delivery is evaluated by reversal of scopolamine induced amnesia and biochemical
estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in Swiss albino mice brain. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.)
was used to induce amnesia. Piracetam (400mg/kg, i.p.) was used as positive control. Mice were treated
with galantamine solution (4mg/kg) by oral and nasal route and formulated galantamine nanoparticles
(equivalent to 4mg/kg) by intranasal administration for 7 successive days and the results were compared
statistically.

Results:

Intranasal delivery of galantamine loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles was found significant
(p<0.05) as compared to oral and nasal administration of its solution, by pharmacodynamic study
and biochemical estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in Swiss albino mice brain.

Conclusion:

Significant recovery in amnesia induced mice model by intranasal administration of galantamine
loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles established the relevance of nose to brain delivery over
the conventional oral therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
The Implications of Autophagy in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hamano Tadanori , Hayashi Kouji , Shirafuji Norimichi , Nakamoto Yasunari
Published: October 2018

The pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) involve the deposition of abnormally
misfolded proteins, amyloid β protein (Aβ) and tau protein. Aβ comprises senile plaques, and tau
aggregates form Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs), both of which are hallmarks of AD. Autophagy is the
main conserved pathway for the degeneration of aggregated proteins, Aβ, tau and dysfunctional organelles
in the cell. Many animal model studies have demonstrated that autophagy normally functions as the
protective factor against AD progression associated with intracytoplasmic toxic Aβ and tau aggregates.
The upregulation of autophagy can also be favorable in AD treatment. An improved understanding of
the signaling pathways that regulate autophagy is critical to developing AD treatments. The cellular and
molecular machineries of autophagy, their function in the pathogenesis of AD, and current drug discovery
strategies will be discussed in this review.
The Association of Neuronal Stress with Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Dorsal Root Ganglion of in vivo and in vitro Models of Bortezomib- Induced Neuropathy
Authors: Yin Yiting , Qi Xin , Qiao Yuan , Liu Huaxiang , Yan Zihan , Li Hao , Liu Zhen
Published: October 2018

Background:

The notion that proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) induced intracellular
oxidative stress resulting in peripheral neuropathy has been generally accepted. The association
of mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with intracellular
oxidative stress is ambiguous and still needs to be investigated. The activation of activating transcription
factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-hub gene which was upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
neurons after different kinds of peripheral nerve injuries.

Objective:

To investigate a mechanism underlying the action of BTZ-induced intracellular oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and ER stress via activation of ATF3.

Methods: Primary cultured DRG neurons with BTZ induced neurotoxicity and DRG from BTZ induced
painful peripheral neuropathic rats were used to approach these questions.

Results:

BTZ administration caused the upregulation of ATF3 paralleled with intracellular oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and ER stress in DRG neurons both in vitro and in
vivo. Blocking ATF3 signaling by small interfering RNA (siRNA) gene silencing technology resulted
in decreased intracellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and ER
stress in DRG neurons after BTZ treatment.

This study exhibited important mechanistic insight into how BTZ induces neurotoxicity
through the activation of ATF3 resulting in intracellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell
apoptosis, and ER stress and provided a novel potential therapeutic target by blocking ATF3 signaling.
Cardiovascular Risk in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Stevenson John C. , Tsiligiannis Sophia , Panay Nick
Published: October 2018

Cardiovascular disease, and particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), has a low incidence
in premenopausal women. Loss of ovarian hormones during the perimenopause and menopause leads to
a sharp increase in incidence. Although most CHD risk factors are common to both men and women,
the menopause is a unique additional risk factor for women. Sex steroids have profound effects on many
CHD risk factors. Their loss leads to adverse changes in lipids and lipoproteins, with increases being
seen in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreases in high density lipoprotein
(HDL) cholesterol. There is a reduction in insulin secretion and elimination, but increases in
insulin resistance eventually result in increasing circulating insulin levels. There are changes in body fat
distribution with accumulation in central and visceral fat which links to the other adverse metabolic
changes. There is an increase in the incidence of hypertension and of type 2 diabetes mellitus, both major
risk factors for CHD. Oestrogens have potent effects on blood vessels and their loss leads to dysfunction
of the vascular endothelium. All of these changes result from loss of ovarian function contributing
to the increased development of CHD. Risk factor assessment in perimenopausal women is recommended,
thereby permitting the timely introduction of lifestyle, hormonal and therapeutic interventions
to modify or reverse these adverse changes.
Natural Starch in Biomedical and Food Industry: Perception and Overview
Authors: Chakraborty Raja , Kalita Pratap , Sen Saikat
Published: October 2018

Utilization of native starch is increasing globally because of its wide distribution and
natural occurrence. Starch is mainly abundant in tubers and food grains. Scientific research on
starch is increasing in recent years due to its unique physiochemical and biomedical properties.
Native starch is an emerging biopolymer and copolymer in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas
due to its renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and relative inexpensiveness. Today,
there is an increasing interest in natural starches to design and produce diverse products due
to their pertinent structural properties and non-toxicity. Due to these attributes, these natural polymers
are becoming functional core materials in the biomedical industry, construction materials,
medicine industry, food industry, food packaging, and carrier for active drugs. In this paper, we
mainly attempt to analyze the physicochemical attributions and the biomedical applications on native
or non-conventional starches obtained from the natural botanical sources.
Lysine Malonylation Identification inE. coliwith Multiple Features
Authors: Xu Yan , Yang Yingxi , Wang Hui , Shao Yuanhai
Published: October 2018

Motivation: Lysine malonylation in eukaryote proteins had been found in 2011 through high-throughput proteomic analysis. However, it was poorly understood in prokaryotes. Recent researches have shown that maonylation in E. coli was significantly enriched in protein translation, energy metabolism pathways and fatty acid biosynthesis.

Results:

In this work we proposed a predictor to identify the lysine malonylation sites in E. coli through physicochemical properties, binary code and sequence frequency by support vector machine algorithm. The experimentally determined lysine malonylation sites were retrieved from the first and largest malonylome dataset in prokaryotes up to date. The physicochemical properties plus position specific amino acid sequence propensity features got the best results with AUC (the area under the Receive Operating Character curve) 0.7994, MCC (Mathew correlation coefficient) 0.4335 in 10-fold cross-validation. Meanwhile the AUC values were 0.7800, 0.7851 and 0.8050 in 6-fold, 8-fold and LOO (leave-one-out) cross-validation, respectively. All the ROC curves were close to each other which illustrated the robustness and performance of the proposed predictor. We also analyzed the sequence propensities through TwoSampleLogo and found some peptides differences with t-test p<0.01. The predictor had shown better results than those of other methods K-Nearest Neighbors, C4.5 decision tree, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest. Functional analysis showed that malonylated proteins were involved in many transcription activities and diverse biological processes. Meanwhile we also developed an online package which could be freely downloaded https://github.com/Sunmile/ Malonylation E.coli.
QSAR Analysis of Selected Antimicrobial Structures Belonging to Nitro-derivatives of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Kawczak Piotr , Bober Leszek , Bączek Tomasz
Published: October 2018

Background:

Nitro-derivatives of heterocyclic compounds were used as active agents against
pathogenic microorganisms. A set of 4- and 5-nitroimidazole derivatives exhibiting antimicrobial activity
was analyzed with the use of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) method. The study
included compounds used both in documented treatment and those described as experimental.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the common and differentiating
characteristics of the above-mentioned chemical compounds alike physicochemically as well as
pharmacologically based on the quantum chemical calculations and microbiological activity data.

Methods:

During the study PCA and MLR analysis were performed, as the types of proposed
chemometric approach. The semi-empirical and ab initio level of in silico molecular modeling was
performed for calculations of molecular descriptors.

Results:

QSAR models were proposed based on chosen descriptors. The relationship between the
nitro-derivatives structure and microbiological activity data was able to class and describe the antimicrobial
activity with the use of statistically significant molecular descriptors.

Conclusion:

The applied chemometric approaches revealed the influential features of the tested
structures responsible for the antimicrobial activity of studied nitro-derivatives.
Recent Biomedical Applications on Stem Cell Therapy: A Brief Overview
Authors: Agrawal Mukta , Alexander Amit , Khan Junaid , Giri Tapan K. , Siddique Sabahuddin , Dubey Sunil K. , Ajazuddin  , Patel Ravish J. , Gupta Umesh , Saraf Swarnlata , Saraf Shailendra
Published: October 2018

Stem cells are the specialized cell population with unique self-renewal ability and act as the precursor of all the body cells. Broadly, stem cells are of two types one is embryonic stem cells while the other is adult or somatic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are the cells of zygote of the blastocyst which give rise to all kind of body cells including embryonic cells, and it can reconstruct a complete organism. While the adult stem cells have limited differentiation ability in comparison with embryonic stem cells and it proliferates into some specific kind of cells. This unique ability of the stem cell makes it a compelling biomedical and therapeutic tool. Stem cells primarily serve as regenerative medicine for particular tissue regeneration or the whole organ regeneration in any physical injury or disease condition (like diabetes, cancer, periodontal disorder, etc.), tissue grafting and plastic surgery, etc. Along with this, it is also used in various preclinical and clinical investigations, biomedical engineering and as a potential diagnostic tool (such as the development of biomarkers) for non-invasive diagnosis of severe disorders. In this review article, we have summarized the application of stem cell as regenerative medicine and in the treatment of various chronic diseases.