bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Every Single Human Being a Person? A Dispute Between Robert Spaemann and Peter Singer
Authors: Bugajski Jakub
Published: March 2019

One of the central issues of contemporary philosophy concerns the definition of the person. Many philosophers and bioethicists have sought to determine the basis for ascribing personhood, and to resolve the associated question of whether only human beings may be properly granted this status. Two contemporary thinkers have played a leading role in this debate, namely Robert Spaemann and Peter Singer. The former, coming from the tradition of Christian thought, seeks to demonstrate that the personality of a human being begins when he or she is conceived and ends with his or her death. In his opinion, only God, as the source of all life, has a right to exercise authority over human destiny. The opposite position is defended by the Australian philosopher Peter Singer. His philosophical views have emerged from the tradition of empiricist thought initiated by Democritus and expanded on later, above all, by John Locke. Singer postulates a descriptive theoretical account of persons, claiming that personhood results from the possession of a set of qualitative features, namely: to become a person, a human being ought to have certain properties, such as self-awareness, rationality of thought, or the possession of preferences – without these, he would say, one cannot even talk about persons. This paper seeks to confront the tenets of personalist ethics (as in Spaemann) with those of preference-based utilitarianism (Peter Singer), presenting the metaphysical, ontological and cognitive commitments that make up these two positions, but also asking whether there is any shared set of underlying concerns that could furnish a basis for dialogue between them.
Correlation between ultrasonic and radiographic imaging of developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Spaans A. J. , Beek F. J. A. , Uiterwaal C. S. P. M. , Pruijs J. E. H. , Sakkers R. J.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The correlation between the degree of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) measured on ultrasound images compared with that measured on radiographs is not clear. Most studies have compared ultrasonography (US) and radiographic images made at different times of follow-up. In this study the correlation between US images and radiographs of the hip made on the same day was evaluated.

Methods

US images and radiographs of both hips of 74 infants, who were treated for stable DDH, were reviewed in a retrospective study. Only infants who had an US examination and a radiograph on the same day were included.

Results

The correlation between α-angle of Graf and femoral head coverage on US was strong (p ≤ 0.0001). Weak correlations were found between the acetabular index of Tönnis on radiographs and α-angle of Graf on US (p = 0.049) and between acetabular index of Tönnis on radiographs and femoral head coverage of Morin on US (p = 0.100).

Conclusion

This study reports on the correlation between US and radiographic imaging outcomes, both made on the same day in patients for treatment and follow-up of DDH.

Level of Evidence

IV
Pasado y presente en la enseñanza de la escritura en Escuelas Normales
Authors: Rativa Velandia Marlén , Lima Jardilino José Rubens , Figueroa Claudia
Published: March 2019

La presente investigación histórica, abordada en cuatro etapas: "heurística, doxografía, etiología y síntesis histórica" (Rátiva, 2017a, p. 1), consultó fuentes primarias y secundarias, como periódicos del siglo XIX y XX, planes de estudio, normatividad, artículos, libros y documentos de la Escuela Normal Superior de Cartagena de Indias, entre los que encontramos diarios de campo, registros de observación, trabajos de grado e informes de la práctica pedagógica, con el fin de identificar cómo fue la enseñanza de la escritura para la adquisición del código en las escuelas de primeras letras y Escuelas Normales, y cómo éstas, actualmente forman a los futuros maestros en este proceso. Para esto se plantearon los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué nos dicen las fuentes primarias consultadas sobre la enseñanza de la escritura en Colombia? ¿Cuáles son las concepciones que la normativa propuso para la enseñanza de la escritura? ¿Cómo se ha enseñado la escritura en la Escuela Normal Superior de Cartagena de Indias? De esta manera, nuestros hallazgos dicen que la enseñanza de la escritura ha tenido a través del tiempo sus propias dinámicas, de allí que en la actualidad se continúe investigando sobre cómo se enseñó y cómo se enseña.
Construcción discursiva de Diana y Julio César Turbay en “Noticia de un secuestro”
Authors: Arango Gaviria Irma Piedad
Published: March 2019

En este artículo analizamos cómo son re-construidos discursivamente el ethos y la legitimidad de Diana Turbay y su padre, el expresidente Julio César Turbay, en Noticia de un secuestro, de Gabriel García Márquez (1996). Para el análisis, utilizamos el esquema de la doble enunciación (Serrano, 2013b); los puntos valor, de Jouve (2001); los tipos de evaluación, de Philippe Hamon (1984), y el concepto de legitimidad, de Patrick Charadeau (2005). En la conclusión se evidenció que la estrategia narrativa y argumentativa consistió en instalar un narrador que puso diestramente el reflector en aquellas secuencias en las que se narra el padecimiento de esta familia con el secuestro de su hija, a manos de Pablo Escobar, mientras se evita enunciar aquellas en las que los Turbay ejercieron y usufructuaron el poder. Esta maniobra por omisión demuestra el sesgo ideológico de este reportaje
Funções quadráticas e tecnologías móveis: ações cooperativas em um experimento no ensino médio
Authors: Sychocki da Silva Rodrigo , Dos Reis Pinto Shéridan
Published: March 2019

O presente texto é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes do ensino médio e tratou da temática do ensino e aprendizagem de funções quadráticas. O celular, e seu uso em sala de aula, com o aplicativo de matemática instalado foi o propulsor das discussões inerentes às atividades propostas. De cunho qualitativo, a pesquisa procurou analisar como a cooperação entre os estudantes, manifestada a partir de diálogos, construção de conjecturas e argumentação promoveriam a aprendizagem. Após a realização da pesquisa uma consequência, e contribuição, é que o diálogo entre os pares na sala de aula seja um elemento necessário para a aprendizagem da matemática. Notou-se que oportunizar momentos de compartilhamento e enfrentamento de situações de forma conjunta é profícuo para o grupo (coletivo) e também benéfico para o sujeito (individual). Tal metodologia de trabalho diametralmente se afasta da prática unidirecional de transmissão dos conhecimentos em sala de aula, e dessa forma, infere-se sobre a importância de se trabalhar em sala de aula atividades de forma conjunta e com características cooperativas.
Argumentación, comunicación y falacias: una perspectiva pragma-dialéctica
Authors: Ramos Wilmar Francisco
Published: March 2019

El libro se estructura en dos partes. En la primera, a lo largo de siete capítulos, los autores presentan el enfoque pragma-dialéctico de la argumentación que ellos mismos han desarrollado desde el campo de la argumentación y la comunicación. En la segunda parte, en once capítulos, presentan la estructura de análisis y evaluación del discurso argumentativo desde este enfoque. A modo de conclusión, emplean un capítulo adicional donde presentan las reglas de una discusión crítica, las violaciones a dichas reglas, las falacias tradicionales vistas como violaciones de las reglas de una discusión crítica, y las ventajas del enfoque pragma-dialéctico de la argumentación.
Everyday Lifestyles of Young Workers in the Provinces
Authors: Lukyanova Evgeniya L. , Goncharova Natalya V.
Published: March 2019

The paper focuses on the results of a qualitative study of lifestyles among young Ulyanovsk workers conducted in 2017. The authors consider in detail how the character and the work schedule structure the daily life of young blue-collar workers and determine their recreation activities. The article examines the modes of adoption and resistance to the established lifestyles and the choice of alternative strategies. The paper challenges the view of young blue-collar workers as a marginalized group in the social hierarchy. The authors argue that the researchers’ moralistic attitude towards the group hinders objective analysis of ongoing changes. The most important of these changes is reassessment of labor’s value and manual occupations and perception of them as a place for self-determination rather than an ultimate life choice.
Acknowledgment. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Russian Foundation for Basic Research for the collective project “Everyday Culture of Young Workers in Their Strategies of Life and Employment» (project No. 17-03-00716-ОГН\18, project manager E.L. Omelchenko) and express appreciation to colleagues from the “Region” Scientific Research Center for the empirical data and helpful comments.
What it means to be true: youth cultures in search for authenticity
Authors: Litvina Daria A.
Published: March 2019

Ways of conceptualizing the authenticity of (sub)cultures have been changing over time. (Sub)cultural authenticity/identity had long been understood as radical stylistic exclusivity: mohawks and leather jackets were emblematic of belonging to a certain (sub) culture. As the Internet and market developed, (sub)cultural images became publicly available for investigation and copying, which in turn exacerbated the questions of distinguishing between “genuine” representatives of (sub)cultures and posers, copies, wannabes. Certain (sub)cultures have paid a price for such mainstream attention: cooptation of protest, commercialization of music and style, moral panics in the media, persecution by authorities, constant rotation of new participants. In order to survive some (sub)cultures (such as punks) had to simulate their “death”, while others (goths, emos) were on the brink of extinction, but still attempting to reanimate their culture after the intervention of mainstream.
The paper explores the ways of (re) production of authenticity in youth (sub)cultures/solidarities/scenes. The empirical bases of the research are two ethnographic case-studies: anarchistic solidarity and dark scene. Both case-studies were conducted using qualitative methodology (in-depth interviews, participant observations) in St Petersburg. Through the prism of narratives of young people identifying themselves with anarchists, punks, goths, neformaly or antifascists the author examines what it means to be authentic (where lies the boundary between “true” participants and “posers”) and how external factors (such as Internet and market) influence transformations inside youth (sub) cultures.
‘It is hard for me to live in the city’: local identities and place attachment among young rural Russians
Authors: Nartova Nadezhda A. , Krupets Yana N.
Published: March 2019

The contemporary youth studies are mostly metrocentric. As a result, rural youth often find themselves outside the focus of researchers' attention being marginalized in comparison with urban youth whose experience and lifestyle are perceived as a normative model. In these conditions, rural space is labeled as illegitimate and structurally depriving for youth. This approach is criticized by researchers who work in the tradition of the cultural geographies of childhood and youth and take into account complex, often contradictory but still unique and autonomous experiences of today's young people living in rural areas. The article is based on 59 biographical interviews and describes how Russian rural youth comprehend belonging to places in three rural localities. The authors single out three types of prerequisites defining the place attachment and local identities among young people: rational choice, biographical rootedness, and community rootedness.
Acknowledgments. The study was implemented in the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) in 2015-2016.
We thank our colleagues from the Centre for Youth Studies at NRU HSE in St. Petersburg who participated in interviewing the respondents and whose excellent and professional work was indispensable for writing this article.
The Byzantine antiquarian: a case study of a compiled colophon
Authors: Boeten Julie , De Groot Sien
Published: March 2019

In this article, we present a colophon epigram found in the manuscript Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale, gr. II C 33. We edit the text, provide a translation and commentary and supply it with a thorough metrical analysis. Throughout the article, we investigate whether the scribe meant this colophon to be one text or three separate texts. By doing so, we will touch upon broader issues, such as Byzantine metrics in general and the Byzantine habit of compiling texts from an antiquarian perspective.
Graecia est professa discordiam. Teoderico, Anastasio e la battaglia di Horreum Margi
Authors: Cristini Marco
Published: March 2019

Cassiodorus, Jordanes, Ennodius and Marcellinus Comes offer quite different accounts of the battle between Ostrogoths and imperial troops which took place at Horreum Margi in 505. A careful study of these sources indicates that Theoderic and Anastasius were uneasy when mentioning the respective allies and that they both tried to hide the other’s involvement in the conflict. Ennodius’ mention of discordia is very important to understand both the causes and the consequences of Horreum Margi. In fact, Anastasius attacked an ally of Theoderic in order to show that the king was not willing to come to the rescue of his foederati. The Ostrogothic quick reaction led to an unforeseen conflict and opened a period of tense relations between Ravenna and Constantinople, whose end, a few years later, was sealed by Cassiodorus’ first letter, a document centered on the concept of concordia.
À la recherche de l’auteur de sept lettres inconnues: la collection épistolographique du codex Vat. gr. 1020
Authors: Taxidis Ilias
Published: March 2019

F. 1v-9v of the codex Vat. gr. 1020, which is dated to the first half of the 14th century, contains seven unknown and anonymous letters, the last one mutilated. In this study, at first, the ascription of the letters to Maximus Neamonites as proposed by the database of the PINAKES is rejected, and a number of assumptions are made concerning the name of their writer in the light of the little prosopographical information offered. The content is studied, as well as the style of the letters and their place in the literary context of the Palaiologan Rennaisance of the 13th-14th centuries. A critical edition of the letters completes the article.
The Impact of Digital Research: Thinking about the MARK16 Project
Authors: Clivaz Claire
Published: March 2019

This article presents the challenges of developing Humanities research in a digital environment in relation to a New Testament test-case: the MARK16 project. The first section argues that virtual research environments (VREs) have become an excellent milieu in which to develop a digitized research project based on collaborative work. The second section presents an overview of VREs and digital projects on the New Testament. The third section demonstrates the ways in which the MARK16 project participates in the development of VREs and fosters new modes of engaging material in digitized NT research.
HASPIN kinase mediates histone deacetylation to regulate oocyte meiotic maturation in pigs
Authors: Cao Zubing , Xu Tengteng , Tong Xu , Zhang Dandan , Liu Chengxue , Wang Yiqing , Gao Di , Luo Lei , Zhang Ling , Li Yunsheng , Zhang Yunhai
Published: March 2019

HASPIN kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of histone H3 on threonine 3 (H3T3p) directs the activity and localization of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to regulate chromosome condensation and segregation in both mitosis and meiosis. However, the function of HASPIN kinase in the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes is not yet known. Here, we found that HASPIN mRNA is constantly expressed in porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryo development. H3T3p is highly enriched on chromosomes at germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage and thereafter maintains a low level in progression through metaphase I (MI) to metaphase II (MII). Correspondingly, H3T3p was completely abolished in oocytes treated with an inhibitor of HASPIN kinase. Functionally, inhibition of HASPIN activity led to a significant reduction in the rate of oocyte meiotic maturation and the limited cumulus expansion. Additionally, HASPIN inhibition caused both spindle disorganization and chromosome misalignment in oocytes at MI and MII stage. Importantly, HASPIN inhibition severely prevented deacetylation of several highly conserved lysine (K) residues of histone H3 and H4 including H3K9, H3K14, H4K5, H4K8, H4K12 and H4K16 on the metaphase chromosomes during oocyte meiotic maturation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HASPIN kinase regulates porcine oocyte meiotic maturation via modulating histone deacetylation.
El estudio de la infamia por medio del enunciado poético siniestro
Authors: Vargas Mora Lorena
Published: March 2019

Lo siniestro, aunque es llamativo e interesante a nivel literario resulta difícil de investigar, sin embargo, se puede encontrar una forma de abordarlo en la noción de enunciado poético siniestro como unidad discursiva y como eje conceptual de lectura que se desplaza por el texto y da a conocer el fondo del mismo. Un medio para demostrarlo ha sido el estudio y análisis de la novela Cruz de olvido (1999) de Carlos Cortés. En este artículo, con base en los resultados de esa investigación y en la reconsideración de otros elementos conceptuales, se expondrá como el enunciado poético siniestro aporta algunos elementos útiles para un acercamiento más concreto al ámbito de estudio conceptual de lo siniestro. En el mismo sentido se procurará hacer una aproximación a la manifestación de la infamia.
Notas a modo de introducción El área centroamericana: descripción geopolítica y literario–cultural
Authors: Moro Diana
Published: March 2019

¿Utilizar literatura centroamericana o literaturas centroamericanas como término de análisis en el campo literario-cultural? La interrogante la sostiene este dossier, que presenta parte de la diversidad literaria que compete a la región desde la mirada académica del Sur, Norte y Centro de América, contribuyendo a la vitalidad de la discusión en los Estudios Transareales. Esta perspectiva se ha nutrido con los aportes del XVI Congreso Internacional de Literatura Centroamericana (CILCA) y el III Taller Centroamericano sobre Repositorios Digitales, así como con el seguimiento dado por Istmo, Revista virtual de estudios literarios y culturales centroamericanos, un esfuerzo al cual se ha sumado igualmente la Revista Ístmica.
Using E-Learning Tools to Enhance Students- Mathematicians’ Competences in the Context of International Academic Mobility Programmes
Authors: Snegurenko Alexander P. , Sosnovsky Sergey A. , Novikova Svetlana V. , Yakhina Rouzilya R. , Valitova Natalia L. , Kremleva Elmira Sh.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The article is concerned with the use of special electronic teaching tools to increase the students’ understanding of the subject and adaptation to the professional language environment of the host country, taking into account the mathematical education. Our purpose is to develop a methodology of multilingual support of mathematical courses in the host country to improve the effectiveness of students’ academic mobility using e-learning tools.
Materials and Methods. The basis of the research was methods of system analysis and descriptive and analytical methods, primarily experimental. To identify advantages of the proposed approach the methods of empirical research were used (observation and comparison). To prove the efficiency, classical methods of measurement were used.
Results. We analyzed the existing electronic learning environments and defined an e-learning environment Math-Bridge that allows for creating mathematical courses in several languages in parallel. For example, the e-training course “Optimization Methods” was developed in three languages for training Russian-speaking Master programme students. The comparative analysis of the target and control student’s groups showed that 100 % of the students in the target group achieved an excellent level of mastering competencies, while the control group has only 75 %. For the control group, the degree of motivation to mathematical studying has not virtually changed (increase by 0,86 %). In the target group the level of student interest to the mathematics increased from 0,9 % to 8,9 % (mean 2.21 %).
Discussion and Conclusion. The results described in the article will be useful for the staff of international departments, administrations and deans, as well as teachers of those universities that participate in the students’ international academic mobility programmes.
Exploring the Personal Model of Interaction with Special Needs Children as Structural Component of Teachers’ Readiness for Inclusive Education
Authors: Safonova Tatyana V. , Suntsova Alexandra S. , Aslaeva Rakhima G.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The paper is devoted to a problem of staffing in the inclusive education. Relevance of the study is determined by many difficulties experienced by educators when teaching children with special educational needs in a high school. The authors consider a personality-oriented model of interaction with children as a structural component of professional readiness for inclusive education. The objective of the study is to identify and analyze specifics of the model of teacher-student interaction at different types of high schools.
Materials and Methods. The Maralova-Sitarov’s questionnaire was used, enabling differentiation of teacher orientation by the educational disciplinary or personality-oriented model of interaction in the educational process. To process the study results, nonparametric statistical methods were used (Spearman’s correlation coef ficient and the two-sample test of Mann-Whitney).
Results. Most teachers at various types of schools practice an educational and disciplinary model of interaction with children, which impedes the development of the idea and values of inclusive education (i.e. education adapted to requirement of a child with special needs) in the teachers’ community. However, for teachers of inclusive-education schools and future teachers, compared to teachers of general educational and special institutions, indicators of the personality-oriented model are significantly higher when speaking in terms of tar get and instrumental characteristics of activities.
Discussion and Conclusion. The study showed both the teacher community adherence to authoritarian stereotypes and the marked trend towards overcoming them by inclusive school teachers and students that reflects the desire for personal and professional self-development. The study reveals new explanations of teacher problems related to mastering the state-of-art educational strategy. In future, the components of the teacher’s personal and professional readiness for inclusive education should be identified. The article may be of interest to educators and specialists dealing with issues of staff provision for inclusive education.
A Simplest Differential Game on a Plane with Four Participants
Authors: Shiryayev Viktor D. , Shagilova Elena V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The article presents a simplest differential game with four participants. The players move on a plane and can do simple movements. The game under considering comes down to a cooperative differential game. The dynamic stability of such optimality principles as the S-kernel and Shapley vector is shown.
Materials and Methods. The standard procedures of the cooperative game theory are applied to the analysis and decision of a cooperative differential game. The conditional and optimum trajectories, along which the players move, are found using the Pontryagin’s maximum principle. When constructing the characteristic function, the minimax approach is used.
Results. The optimum strategy of the players, conditional and optimum trajectories of their movements at various ways of formation of coalitions are written out explicitly. The characteristic function is constructed according to the accepted max-min principle; the S-kernel and Shapley vector are considered as a decision. The components of the Shapley vector are written out explicitly; the fact that the Shapley vector is an element of the S-kernel and nonemptiness of the S-kernel, when the players are moving along an optimum trajectory, are shown. Using the results of the static cooperative game theory for researching differential games, we face the problems, which are connected with specifics of the differential equations of the movement. As a priority, the problem of the dynamic stability of the optimality principles under consideration is identified. In the work, the dynamic stability of the Shapley vector and S-kernel is shown.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the research show that the analysis of the dynamic stability of the optimality principles considered is relevant.
The Principles for Determining Recycling Fee on Decommissioned Equipment
Authors: Ignatov Vladimir I. , Dorokhov Aleksey S. , Gerasimov Valeriy S. , Denisov Viatcheslav A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction.The article presents the results of the research, whose purpose was to determine the optimal value of the recycling fee for decommissioned self-propelled machinery. A review of the studies on the management of production and consumption waste in the leading countries and Russia, allowed us to analyze solutions to this problem and models of economic support for disposal systems of decommissioned equipment. There is no method of determining the optimal recycling fee in Russia so far.
Materials and Methods.Methods, algorithm and computer programs were developed to solve this problem. The necessary information was obtained by the course of the survey conducted in 12 regions of Russia among agricultural enterprises using agricultural machinery and equipment of specialized production, and from tests at agricultural enterprises using this technology; the methods of the said information are shown. The paper gives a list of parameters that ensure the development of the algorithm and computer programs that were used to determine the optimal recycling fee.
Results. The developed method of determination, algorithm and computer programs allowed determining the optimal recycling fee to create a system of recycling self-propelled technology. It is shown that as the system for recycling decommissioned equipment develops, this value will decrease. The results of the study were used in preparing a Russian Government Regulation.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the recycling fee affects the competitiveness of self-propelled equipment. Both positive and negative sides of increasing the introduced in Russia recycling fee for vehicles are considered. It is proved that it is necessary to create a system of recycling these vehicles, the economic base of which can be fully provided by the recycling fee introduced in Russia.
Nacionalismo en Rusia: ¿Un arma de gobierno de Vladimir Putin?
Authors: González Bolívar Daniel José
Published: March 2019

El nacionalismo ha sido un tema recurrente durante los últimos años en cuanto al estudio de la política en Rusia se refiere, en especial por haberse constituido en uno de los rasgos característicos del discurso del presidente Vladimir Putin. Este fenómeno puede ser instrumentalizado en función de los intereses de las élites, para movilizar a los ciudadanos en apoyo a decisiones que resguardan intereses estratégicos, y persiguen el interés nacional. Así las cosas, el presente artículo pretende develar en qué medida Vladimir Putin ha instrumentalizado el nacionalismo para perseguir sus intereses, y cómo este discurso ha afectado la toma de decisiones en política doméstica y exterior, y en cuanto ésta última, enfatizando en el caso de Ucrania y los países bálticos, para entender cómo tal discurso se puede usar para gobernar.
La exigibilidad de las obligaciones naturales en el proceso monitorio regulado en el código general del proceso
Authors: Petro González Ingrid Regina , Pulgarin Osorio Sebastian , Zamora Sanchez Carlos
Published: March 2019

La presente investigación gira en torno a determinar la aplicación práctica en relación a la posibilidad de pretensiones favorables en un proceso monitorio de una obligación natural que fue civil; considerando situaciones fácticas en el proceso monitorio que no estén contempladas en el artículo 419 del Código General del Proceso con títulos valores ya prescriptos, de la misma manera se  analizará la prescripción de una obligación en dinero de hace 15 años que nunca tuvo un documento y su posibilidad de presentar el proceso monitorio. Para ello la metodología aplicada en este trabajo investigativo es la observación, desde el planteamiento de casos específicos frente al proceso monitorio. Todo ello para poder concluir que dicha figura no puede estar solo condicionada o sujeta a un plazo, pues entonces es claro y en vista de que la normatividad no prohíbe la posibilidad de presentar el proceso monitorio de una obligación natural que esta se ha convertido por el trascurrir del tiempo, el juzgador puede aceptar una pretensión de un proceso monitorio frente a una obligación natural que se ha convertido en está mediante la prescripción, como fácilmente otro juzgador lo puede negar.
OPTIMIZATION OF COLLIMATOR APERTURE GEOMETRY FOR BNCT KARTINI RESEARCH REACTOR USING MCNPX
Authors: S.B. Ramadhan Valiant Gill , Sardjono Yohannes
Published: March 2019

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is one of the promising cancer therapy modalities due to its selectivity which only kills the cancer cells and does not damage healthy cells around cancer. In principle, BNCT utilizes the high ionization properties of alpha (4He) and lithium (7Li) particles derived from the reaction between epithermal and boron-10 neutrons (10B + n → 7Li + 4He) in cells, where trace distance of alpha and lithium particles is equivalent with cell diameter. The neutron source used in BNCT can come from a reactor, as a condition for conducting BNCT therapy tests, there are five standard parameters that must be met for a neutron source to be used as a source, and the standards come from IAEA. This research is based on simulation using the MCNPX program which aims to optimize IAEA parameters that have been obtained in previous studies by changing the shape of the collimator geometry from cone shape to cylinder with variations diameter from 3, 5 and 10 cm and also the simulation divided into two schemes namely first moderator Al is placed in a position 9.5 cm behind the collimator and the second is the moderator Al is pressed into the base point of the aperture in the collimator. In this work, neutrons originated from Yogyakarta Kartini research reactor have the energy range in the continuous form. The results of the optimization on each scheme of the collimator are compared with the outputs that have been obtained in previous studies where the aperture of the collimator is in the cone shape. The most optimal output obtained from the results is a collimator with a diameter of 5 cm in the second scheme where the results of IAEA parameters that are produced (n/cm2 s) = 2.18E+8, / (Gy-cm2/n) = 6.69E-13, / (Gy-cm2/n) = 2.44E-13,  = 4.03E-01, and J/ = 6.31E-01. These results can still be used for BNCT experiments but need a long irradiation time and when compared to previous studies, the output of the collimator with the diameter of 5 cm is more optimal.Keywords: BNCT, Collimator, IAEA Parameters, MCNPX, Cylindrical shape
THE STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODEL ON ACCIDENT SCENARIO OF RESEARCH REACTOR G. A. SIWABESSY USING HOTSPOT CODES AS A NUCLEAR EMERGENCY DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Yuniarto Arif , Hikmat Moh. Cecep Cepi
Published: March 2019

G.A. Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor (RSG-GAS) is a research reactor with thermal power of 30 MW located in the Serpong Nuclear Area (KNS), South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. Nuclear emergency preparedness of RSG-GAS needs to be improved by developing a decision support system for emergency response. This system covers three important aspects: accident source terms estimation, radioactive materials dispersion model into the atmosphere and radiological impact visualization. In this paper, radioactive materials dispersion during design basis accident (DBA) is modeled using HotSpot, by utilizing site-specific meteorological data. Based on the modelling, maximum effective dose and thyroid equivalent dose of 1.030 mSv and 26 mSv for the first 7 days of exposure are reached at distance of 1 km from the release point. These values are below IAEA generic criteria related to risk reduction of stochastic effects. The results of radioactive dispersion modeling and radiation dose calculations are integrated with Google Earth Pro to visualize radiological impact caused by a nuclear accident. Digital maps of demographic and land use data are overlayed on Google Earth Pro for more accurate impact estimation to take optimal emergency responses.Keywords: G.A. Siwabessy research reactor, Nuclear emergency, Atmospheric dispersion model, Decision support system, HotSpot codes
Desenvolvimento Radicular de Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) em Dois Solos
Authors: Machado Wesley , Gasparetto Augusto César , Morimoto Letícia Suemy Barreto , Guimarães Maria De Fátima
Published: March 2019

O sistema radicular das plantas tem papel fundamental na absorção dos nutrientes e na sua sustentação. As palmeiras possuem raízes pouco profundas, mas oferecem grande aporte ao seu sustento. Suas raízes formam um aglomerado de raízes secundárias, terciárias e quaternárias constituindo um bom sistema de absorção de água e de nutrientes. O estudo de raízes é moroso, e em palmeiras é incipiente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento radicular da Acrocomia aculeata ecotipo sclerocarpa em dois solos. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, em vasos preenchidos com dois solos, Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (argiloso) e um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (arenoso), em telado. Avaliou-se o sistema radicular da macaúba a cada 90 dias se utilizando o programa Safira®. As variáveis avaliadas foram: volume (mm3), área (mm2), diâmetro (cm) e comprimento (mm) de raízes. A parte aérea também foi mensurada a cada 30 dias, em altura (cm), diâmetro do coleto (cm) e número de folhas. As plantas foram avaliadas até 360 dias. Verificou-se um aumento significativo, nos dois solos, para todas as variáveis. O sistema radicular no Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico se desenvolveu melhor atingindo médias elevadas, exceto no comprimento. O Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, aos 360 dias, obteve o maior comprimento de raízes. Na parte aérea, o solo arenoso se destacou em relação ao argiloso, mantendo suas médias constantes em altura, número de folhas e diâmetro. Palavras-chave: Sistema Radicular. Latossolo. sclerocarpa. AbstractThe plants’ root system plays a key role in the nutrients absorption in their support. Palm trees have shallow roots, but offer great contribution to their livelihood. Their roots form a cluster of secondary, tertiary and quaternary roots constituting a good system for absorbing water and nutrients. The study of roots is lengthy, and in  palm trees, it is incipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the root development of Acrocomia aculeata sclerocarpa ecotype in two soils. The study was conducted at the State University of Londrina, in pots filled with two soils, Oxisol (clayey) and an Oxisol (sandy), in greenhouse. The root system of macaw  palm  was evaluated every 90 days using the Safira® program. The variables evaluated were: volume (mm3), area (mm2), diameter (cm) and length (mm) of roots. The shoot was also measured every 30 days, height (cm), stem diameter (cm) and number of leaves. The plants were evaluated up to 360 days. There was a significant increase in both soils, for all the variables. The root system in Oxisol (clayey) developed better  hitting high averages, except length. The Oxisol (sandy) at 360 days, had the highest root length. In the shoots, the sandy soil stood out compared to clay, maintaining its constant average height, leaf number and diameter. Keywords: Root system. Oxisol. sclerocarpa.
Estratificação de Indivíduos com HIV/AIDS Considerando Aspectos Demográficos e Contagem de Células Cd4/Cd8 em Hospital Provincial de Angola, África
Authors: Pedro Alberto Sandra Augusta , Amadei Janete Lane
Published: March 2019

Angola, país Africano, registra perdas consideráveis relacionadas às doenças transmissíveis e às mortes prematuras e evitáveis, principalmente, de mulheres e de crianças, agravadas pela desestruturação da qual o país foi vítima ao longo do conflito armado. No diagnóstico da AIDS, os exames laboratoriais de contagem de células T CD4+, CD8+ e carga viral são usados como parâmetros para monitorar a saúde dos pacientes, que utilizam a terapia antirretroviral e avaliar o momento certo para iniciar ou modificar esta terapia. Estudo desenvolvido com objetivo de analisar exames para HIV/Aids realizados em Hospital Provincial de Lubango, Angola – África. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo compreendendo o período de janeiro a junho de 2014. Foram analisados 981 resultados de exames com uma média de 163,5 por mês. A idade média obtida foi de 35 anos, com resultados médios de 385,1/mm3 para CD4+ e 1060,0/ mm3 para CD8+. Os itens que apresentaram significância com p<0,01 foram: procedência ambulatorial; menores valores de CD4+ para os homens, com idade de 60 anos ou mais seguido de 30 a 60 anos. O monitoramento de linfócitos T CD4+ apresentou  valores baixos na maioria da população que realizou os exames, implicando em indicação de terapia antirretroviral e progressão da patologia com comprometimento da saúde das pessoas analisadas. Palavras-chave: Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida. Gestão de Saúde. Sistema de Saúde. Atendimento Secundário AbstractAngola, an African country, has considerable losses related to communicable diseases and premature and preventable deaths mainly of women and children, aggravated by the destructuring of which the country has been victimized during the armed conflict.The progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) characterized by numerous pathological changes in the cellular immune system. Study designed to analyze tests for HIV / AIDS held in Hospital Provincial  laboratory Lubango, Angola - Africa. Descriptive, retrospective study conducted in Hospital Provincial covering the period from January to June 2014. 981 test results were analyzed spread between the months from January to June 2014 with an average of 163.5 per month. The average age obtained was 35 years, with average scores of 385.1 / mm3 for CD4+ and 1060.0 / mm3 for CD8+. The items which were significant highlights are lower CD4+ values for men aged 60 years or more followed 30-60 years; with outpatient origin. Monitoring of CD4+ T lymphocytes are underestimated in most of the population who performed the tests. This involves antiretroviral therapy indication of the pathology affecting the analyzed people’s health living with HIV / AIDS . Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Health Management. Health System. Secondary Care.
Katı Faz Fermantasyon Tekniği ile Bacillus circulans ATCC 4516’dan Ekstrasellüler β-Galaktosidaz Üretimi
Authors: SERİN Besi , AKCAN Nurullah
Published: March 2019

Çoğu mikrobiyal enzim, derin fermantasyonu ile
üretilmesine rağmen, katı faz fermantasyonu (KFF) ile tarımsal atıkların
substrat olarak kullanılmasıyla enzimlerin üretimi daha ekonomik hale gelir. Enzim
üretim sürecini KFF açısından kayda değer ölçüde ucuz hale getirmek için,
maliyeti düşük substratların kullanımı büyük ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada,
KFF yönteminde substrat olarak pirinç kepeği kullanılarak Bacillus circulans ATCC 4516’dan β-galaktosidaz üretimi ve enzim üretimine etki eden
bazı parametlerin etkisi incelendi.  İnkübasyon zamanı, inkübasyon sıcaklığı, inokülüm
seviyesi, başlangıç pH’sını içeren belirli fermantasyon parametreleri ayrı ayrı
incelendi. Maksimum miktarda β-galaktosidaz üretimi; %35 inokülüm oranı, pH 7.5, 37°C'de ve
48. saatte elde edildi. Ayrıca fermantasyon ortamına çeşitli karbon ve azot kaynakları
eklenerek β-galaktosidaz üretimi üzerine etkisi incelendi. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre ortama eklenen karbon ve azot kaynakları enzim üretimini
baskıladı. Son zamanlarda endüstriyel önemi olan enzimlerin
daha ekonomik bir şekilde üretilmesine yönelik çalışmalara olan ilgi
artmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre pirinç kepeği substrat olarak kullanılarak Bacillus circulans ATCC 4516’dan düşük maliyetle β-galaktosidaz enzimi
üretilebilir.
Código nacional de policía ialiado o enemigo?
Authors: Quintero Pérez Nataly , Ramos Maiguel Nathaly
Published: March 2019

La Policía Nacional de Colombia es una fuerza pública, que en el ejercicio de sus deberes, debe procurar respetar y hacer respetar los derechos y las libertades de los ciudadanos, evitar el uso de la fuerza, cumplir y hacer cumplir las normas y como principio imperante, prevenir comportamientos que pongan en riesgo la convivencia, y es en ese mismo ejercicio de sus facultades y de la necesidad de una normatividad que la regule que nace: EL NUEVO CÓDIGO DE POLICÍA.
protección normativa de cartagena de indias
Authors: Yepes Madrid Gloria Inés
Published: March 2019

Cartagena de Indias -que vivió durante el siglo XIX un estado de atraso- emergió al siglo XX con aires de renovación, generados por la presidencia del cartagenero Rafael Núñez, la reconexión con las rutas del comercio, el despegue de la vida económica y el crecimiento demográfico. Este despertar se reflejó en intervenciones arquitectónicas, desarrollo de barrios extramuros, obras de modernización y demoliciones de sectores de sus murallas. Sin embargo, la conservación de estos bienes -que habían perdido su función defensiva y eran derrumbados en muchas ciudades del mundo para habilitar espacios a nuevos usos urbanos- despertó el interés de sectores de la opinión local y nacional, que se opusieron a la realización del proyecto de modernización y salubridad, recomendado para la ciudad por la firma "Pearson and Sons Ltd." en 1914 para garantizar su competitividad portuaria.
islas Dokdo la disputa de un paraíso
Authors: Zapata Calle Vajessa
Published: March 2019

Hablar de belleza puede resultar un tanto complejo, pues este concepto es amplio y profundo, simplemente porque la belleza hace parte de la singularidad de los seres humanos, y como las personas contamos con el principio de la subjetividad, y damos el calificativo de bello y hermoso a aspectos diversos, que se relacionan directamente con nuestra realidad, nuestros gustos y nuestros intereses, por lo que definir que es bello y que no lo es, puede ser motivo de interminables debates. Pero no podemos negar, que a pesar de este principio de lo subjetivo, existen escenarios que trascienden la individualidad, que sin discusión el mundo entero asume como espectacular, precioso y vello¡ pareciera que toda la humanidad hubiese asistido a una cumbre del arte, en la cual se pudieron llegar a conclusiones que permiten entender lo sublime y lo especial de cada lugar en nuestro planeta.
Estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje en el rendimiento académico
Authors: Alba Rojas Cesar Augusto , Gómez Olga Inés
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo apoyado en la tesis de maestría de Alba Cesar y Gómez Oiga (2014) y que tuvo como objetivo: "Establecer la relación que existe entre el estilo, estrategias de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del Grado Octavo del Colegio Alberto Santos Buitrago del Municipio de Socorro - Santander", da respuesta a la pregunta: ¿existe relación entre los estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje con el rendimiento académico? Tesis que utilizó el método inductivo con un diseño correlacional (no experimental), para reconocer que existe una relación efectiva para mejorar el rendimiento académico cuando se logra, como estudiante, explorar, apropiarse y utilizar los estilos y estrategias propias para el aprendizaje. Sus resultados, también, son referente de apoyo para la orientación de los procesos de formación que pueden utilizar los docentes en sus aulas logrando mejorar los niveles de desempeño de sus estudiantes.
De la no procedencia de rebajas de pena En la ley 1098 de 2006
Authors: Carreño Villamizar Ellen Katherine , Castillo Monsalve María Fernanda
Published: March 2019

La violencia juvenil crece día a día, se ha convertido en un problema de seguridad, las actividadesdelincuenciales los menores de edad han comprendido que el Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal paraAdolescente -SRPA-, consagrado en el Código de Infancia y la Adolescencia (L.1098, 2006), como ley especialse enfrenta con un Código de Procedimiento Penal establecido para adultos. Presentándose una antinomiajurídica al enfrentar un aparato de justicia con una norma para menores al tenor del derecho internacionalintegrado al bloque de constitucionalidad. La Investigación "De la No procedencia de rebajas de pena en la Ley1098/2006", es de tipo básico jurídica, estudia la ley de Infancia y adolescencia y su impacto en los jóvenesreincidentes de las conductas antijurídicas y hechos punibles, que están generando en la sociedad unsentimiento de impunidad. Se concluyen dos aspectos: Una normatividad para el menor de edad al tenor delderecho internacional que se enfrenta y genera una antinomia jurídica con el Código de Procedimiento Penalestablecido para los adultos. Una improcedencia de rebajas en las penas que la L.1098/2006 remite a laL.906/2004, cuando en el Código de infancia y adolescencia se hablan de medidas de reeducación del niño,niña y adolescente en formación, derechos prevalentes sobre cualquier otro derecho como lo establece elordenamiento constitucional colombiano.
Las habilidades comunicativas como herramienta pedagógica para fortalecer el pensamiento lógico
Authors: Caballero Pico María Teresa , Ortiz Buitrago Catius Helena , Salamanca Leguizamón Carolina , Alba Rojas Cesar Augusto
Published: March 2019

Las falencias en los procesos de razonamiento, abstracción y generalización encontradas en los estudiantes de segundo grado del Colegio Departamental la Inmaculada del Municipio de Palmas del Socorro, evidenciaron un bajo desarrollo del pensamiento lógico al momento de ejecutar las diversas actividades propuestas en el aula; por tanto, se implementaron actividades lúdico- pedagógicas que orientadas desde las habilidades comunicativas fortalecieran estos procesos cognitivos. La metodología se fundamentó en el paradigma socio crítico, con un enfoque mixto, basado en el método inductivo-deductivo y de carácter acción con intervención pedagógica. La ejecución de la estrategia generó cambios en la población, en la medida en que las actividades planeadas desarrollaron en los estudiantes motivación, permitiéndoles razonar acerca de la importancia de los procesos que se deben desarrollar al momento de abordar situaciones que requieren aplicar el pensamiento lógico para su solución. Al realizar la triangulación de los resultados arrojados, los referentes teóricos y los antecedentes, las investigadoras refieren que: las habilidades comunicativas son una herramienta que orientadas desde la escuela, favorecen la construcción de nuevos conocimientos y el fortalecimiento de la estructura cognitiva y social en los estudiantes.