bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kegel Exercises on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Young Gymnasts: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Longobardo Celia , Guadalupe-Grau Amelia , Gómez-Ruano Miguel Ángel , López-Torres Olga
Published: January 2023

Importance

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have been shown to exist in young athletes. The use of pelvic floor muscle training as a preventive strategy at an early age may be useful to avoid possible pelvic floor dysfunction in the future.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to describe LUTS in underaged gymnasts. We also aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week Kegel exercise intervention for LUTS and urinary incontinence (UI) and their relationship to bother.

Study Design

A quasi-experimental (nonrandomized, noncontrolled) pre-post study was conducted. Nineteen gymnasts with a mean age of 13.21 ± 1.84 were selected from a gymnastics club in Madrid, Spain. Outcomes of LUTS and quality of life were measured using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms validated questionnaire at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention.

Results

The participants presented with certain LUTS such as urgency UI (57.7%) or stress UI (47.4%), which negatively affect their daily lives by feeling annoyed in various aspects (when practicing gymnastics, getting up during the night to urinate or feeling bladder pain among others). No significant differences in LUTS and quality of life variables were observed after the exercise intervention (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

A high prevalence of LUTS was observed in a sample of underaged high-level gymnasts. The 12-week Kegel exercise intervention did not significantly reduce the presence of pelvic floor problems and even intensified some of them, probably because of an increased awareness. Pelvic floor muscle training as a preventive strategy at an early age seems to be necessary to avoid possible pelvic floor dysfunction in the future.
GABA-mediated inhibition in visual feedback neurons fine-tunesDrosophilamale courtship
Authors: Mabuchi Yuta , Cui Xinyue , Xie Lily , Kim Haein , Jiang Tianxing , Yapici Nilay
Published: January 2023

Vision is critical for the regulation of mating behaviors in many species. Here, we discovered that theDrosophilaortholog of human GABAA-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is required to fine-tune male courtship by modulating the activity of visual feedback neurons, lamina tangential cells (Lat). GABARAP is a ubiquitin-like protein that regulates cell-surface levels of GABAAreceptors. Knocking downGABARAPorGABAAreceptorsin Lat neurons or hyperactivating them induces male courtship toward other males. Inhibiting Lat neurons, on the other hand, delays copulation by impairing the ability of males to follow females. Remarkably, the human ortholog ofDrosophilaGABARAP restores function in Lat neurons. Usingin vivotwo-photon imaging and optogenetics, we show that Lat neurons are functionally connected to neural circuits that mediate visually-guided courtship pursuits in males. Our work reveals a novel physiological role for GABARAP in fine-tuning the activity of a visual circuit that tracks a mating partner during courtship.
Aquatrifluoridoboron–1,3-dioxolan-2-one (1/2)
Authors: Radan Kristian , Forero-Saboya Juan , Ponrouch Alexandre , Lozinšek Matic
Published: January 2023

The crystal structure of the co-crystal of aquatrifluoridoboron with two ethylene carbonate (systematic name: 1,3-dioxolan-2-one) molecules, BF3H2O·2OC(OCH2)2, was determined by low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The co-crystal crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with four formula units per unit cell. The asymmetric unit consists of an aquatrifluoridoboron molecule and two ethylene carbonate molecules, connected by O—H...O=C hydrogen bonds. This crystal structure is an interesting example of a superacidic BF3H2O species co-crystallized with an organic carbonate.
Ability or morality? Exploring the multiple dimensions of social trust on public acceptance of urban transport infrastructure projects
Authors: Wang Yang , He Xingpeng , Zuo Jian , Rameezdeen Raufdeen
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The public's trust in the authorities has a great impact on people's perception and cognition on development of different types of urban transport infrastructure projects (UTIPs). Given the importance of public acceptance for the efficient construction and operation of UTIPs, this study aims at investigating the personal and environmental factors that influence public acceptance behavior from the perspective of stakeholder management.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), this study explores the multiple dimensions of social trust on public acceptance in the development of UTIPs by a comparative case study. Two types of UTIPs, a metro railway and a bridge in the Wuhan City, China, were selected as cases, with a questionnaire distributed among the public to collect their sense of trust towards the development of these projects. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

This study reveals that social trust positively influences public acceptance, directly or indirectly through perceived benefit and -risks and self-efficacy. However, the emphasis on social trust about competence and integrity of the authorities varies with the types of projects. Self-efficacy worked as the “mirror of trust” reflecting people's attitude towards social trust in the authorities on their ability and morality.

Originality/value

The value of the paper lies in discussing social trust from multiple dimensions in the field of urban infrastructures, which provides new insights into specific mechanisms for shaping public acceptance in project management towards the development of UTIPs.
Incidence and prevalence of drugs used for chronic diseases in survivors of adult‐onset gynaecological cancer – A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Bjørge Tone , Hjellvik Vidar , Bjørge Line , dos‐Santos‐Silva Isabel , Furu Kari , Kvåle Rune , Engeland Anders
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To evaluate both incidence and prevalence of drugs used for chronic diseases in survivors of adult‐onset gynaecological cancer.

Design

A prospective study.

Setting

Population‐based registries.

Population

1.76 million women, including 17 500 women with gynaecological cancers.

Methods

Data from the Cancer Registry of Norway was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database and other national databases.

Main Outcome Measures

Prevalence ratios (PRs) and hazard ratios (HRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), of dispensed drugs in gynaecological cancer patients (up to 15 years after diagnosis) were estimated by log‐binomial and Cox regression, respectively, with cancer‐free women as reference.

Results

For gynaecological cancer patients, the incidence of drugs used for pain control was higher than in cancer‐free women, especially the first 5 years after diagnosis, and the prevalence was high at least 10 years after. The prevalence of sex hormones was high in women with gynaecological cancer at least 10 years after diagnosis (cervical and ovarian cancer PR = 23, 95% CI 18–30 and PR = 24, 95% CI 15–38, respectively), but low in cancer‐free women (0.3%). Patients with uterine corpus cancer had a higher prevalence of antidiabetics before and at least 10 years after diagnosis, most pronounced in women diagnosed before age 50 (PR = 10, 95% CI 5.0–21). The prevalence of antidepressants was moderately elevated in women with gynaecological cancers.

Conclusions

Gynaecological cancer survivors, particularly cervical and ovarian cancer survivors, had an increased long‐term use of drugs for pain control and sex hormones. Survivors of uterine corpus cancer used antidiabetics more often, both before and after diagnosis.
Assessment of incidence of cerebral vascular diseases and prediction of stroke risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using multimodal biomarkers
Authors: Badr Marwa Y. , Elkholy Amira A. , Shoeib Sara M. , Bahey Marwa G. , Mohamed Esraa A. , Reda Alaa M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Early assessment of cerebrovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is an important issue for a favorable influence on the quality of life.

Methodology

This cross‐sectional case–control study was conducted on 38 eligible COPD patients (mean age 55.5 ± 11.5, 25 males, and 13 females) and 26 age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls. All participants were subjected to stroke risk screening instruments that included the Stroke Riskometer™, the Framingham 10‐Year Risk Score, the stroke risk screening tool (the Department of Disease Control of Thailand), the My Risk Stroke Calculator, and Q Stroke. Radiologically, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and echo‐gradient MRI (T2 star) T2 star imaging were done. Color‐coded duplex sonography was done. Laboratory investigations included C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A, plasma fibrinogen level, serum IL6, 8‐Isoprostane, vWF and urinary albumin creatinine ratio.

Results

Stroke risk screening instruments revealed a significant increase in COPD patients. DTI showed a significant bilateral reduction in fractional isotropy and a significant bilateral increase in mean diffusivity of white matter through many areas in COPD patients. Patients also had a significant increase of intima–media thickness, presence of atherosclerotic focal thicknesses or plaques on duplex sonography. There was a significant elevation of CRP, serum amyloid A, plasma fibrinogen level, serum IL6, 8‐isoprostane, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and urinary albumin creatinine ratio in COPD patients.

Conclusion

COPD patients had an increased risk for stroke that could be assessed on stroke risk screening instruments, DTI, T2 star, duplex sonography, and laboratory investigation and could be correlated with the severity of the disease.
The best insulin delivery is a human pancreas
Authors: McCune Kasi , Owen‐Simon Nina , Dube Geoffrey K , Ratner Lloyd E
Published: January 2023

Purpose

We wanted to compare glycemic control post pancreas transplantation with newer therapeutic options.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of pancreas transplantation at our institution from January 1, 2008, through September 30, 2021. All patients who underwent pancreatic transplantation were 18 years and older. We compared pre‐transplant glycemic control of those patients, whether self‐monitoring or continuous glucose monitor to their post‐transplant glycemic control. Outcomes were assessed by HgbA1C level at evaluation (eval), pretransplant (pre), within the first 5 months posttransplant (post) and 1 year post transplant (1 year).

Results

One hundred and thirty‐four patients underwent pancreas transplantation during the 14‐year study period. Overall, 1‐year patient and graft survival were 95% and 88%. The mean HgbA1C (%) for eval and pre were 8.5(SD ± 1.7) and 8.3(SD ± 1.7), which was significantly higher than post, and 1 year at 5.1(SD ± .6, p < .01) and 5.2(SD ± .6, p < .01). Of those, 38 patients presented with continuous glucose monitors (CGM) +/− pump. Their mean HgbA1C(%) was 8.2(SD ± 1.5) at eval 8.1(SD ± 1.3). These were also significantly higher than post 5.0(SD ± .6, p < .01), and 1 year 5.1(SD ± .5, p < .01).

Conclusion

Pancreas transplant provides superior glycemic control to continuous glucose monitoring and remains the optimal therapy for appropriately selected patients with diabetes.
Dual living donor organ transplants
Authors: Gruessner Rainer W. G. , Gruessner Angelika C.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Dual organ donation and transplantation from living donors (LDs) is a rare practice. Dual organ transplants can be done from the same LD or from different LDs and either simultaneously or sequentially. Simultaneous dual organ transplants from the same LD are of considerable concern due to the magnitude of the donor procedure.

Methods and Results

According to the UNOS/OPTN and IPTR databases, the US experience of LD dual organ transplants from 1981 to 2021 comprised 101 simultaneous or sequential dual organ transplants from the same LD and 111 transplants from different LDs for a total of 212 LD dual transplants. The first simultaneous or sequential dual organ transplants from either the same LD or different LDs were pancreas‐kidney transplants (n = 92). Four additional LD organ transplant combinations have been performed in the United States: liver‐kidney (n = 93), lung‐kidney (n = 16), liver‐intestine (n = 9), and intestine‐kidney (n = 2). Only for dual pancreas‐kidney (n = 49) and liver‐intestinal transplants (n = 4), organs from the same LD have been procured simultaneously. Importantly, no donor deaths have been reported after any simultaneous or sequential procurement. LD dual organ outcomes in all recipient categories have been excellent.

Conclusions

LD dual organ donation and transplantation is safe and successful. Any potential dual organ LD candidate must be subject to the highest level of evaluation scrutiny. A (dual) organ donor registry is warranted for long‐term follow‐up.
Histopathological features of human mpox: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Ortins‐Pina Ana , Hegemann Bernd , Saggini Andrea , Deml Karl‐Friedrich , Wallerius Kerstin , Hörster Stefan , Kraft Stefan , Weyers Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Human monkeypox is an emerging zoonosis with epidemic potential. Although it usually causes a mild disease, some patients are at risk for complications, including death. In face of the current outbreak of monkeypox in non‐endemic areas, awareness is paramount to diagnose it timely, prompting an early break of the transmission chain. Histopathologic findings in vesiculopustular lesions of monkeypox are distinctive, consisting of ballooning and reticular degeneration of keratinocytes, necrosis, especially of the upper portions of the epithelium, multinucleation of keratinocytes, nuclear enlargement showing a “basophilic halo” around a “ground glass” eosinophilic center, the orthopoxvirus‐specific cytoplasmic eosinophilic Guarnieri‐type inclusions (in the pustular stage especially), and a dense mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate with prominent neutrophil exocytosis. The diagnosis of human monkeypox requires a high index of suspicion. In correlation with clinical information, histopathological findings allow for a presumptive diagnosis of monkeypox if polymerase chain reaction testing is not available. Both clinicians and pathologists can optimize diagnostic sensitivity, respectively, by considering the epidemiological context, sampling pustular lesions and providing data for clinicopathological correlation, and by intentionally searching the tell‐tale eosinophilic inclusions in genital, anal and oral lesions with reticular and ballooning degenerescence.
Atretic cephalocele and encephalocele: A single‐institution clinicopathological study
Authors: Lang‐Orsini Melanie , Champion Samantha N. , Duhaime Ann‐Christine , Rapalino Otto , Hedley‐Whyte E. Tessa , Louis David N. , Nazarian Rosalynn M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Encephaloceles are neural tube defects characterized by herniation of meninges, neural tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, while atretic cephaloceles denote a rudimentary connection to the intracranial space with absence of herniated neural tissue and represent an infrequent dermatopathologic diagnosis. Limited reports of these entities confound the challenge in their histopathologic distinction. Accurate classification is important given associated anomalies and neurologic manifestations that impact prognosis.

Methods

We describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and somatostatin receptor subtype 2A (SSTR2A)] features in a retrospective series encountered at a single institution between 1994 and 2020.

Results

We identified 13 cases classified as atretic cephalocele (n = 11) and encephalocele (n = 2). Hamartomatous changes and multinucleated cells were unique to atretic cephaloceles while myxoid areas were unique to encephaloceles. At least focal staining for SSTRA was seen in all atretic cephaloceles with the majority (87.5%) staining for EMA; negative staining for GFAP and S100 confirmed absence of neural tissue. Encephaloceles were GFAP and S100 positive, and negative for SSTR2 and EMA. Atretic cephaloceles had a favorable prognosis compared to encephaloceles, with severe morbidity present in both encephalocele cases.

Conclusion

Our study raises awareness of atretic cephalocele and encephalocele among dermatopathologists and reveals a mutually exclusive immunophenotype that facilitates their distinction for prognostication and management.
Cardiovascular outcomes trial data from EMPA‐REG OUTCOME, CAROLINA and CARMELINA: Assessment of a novel staging system for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dar Moahad S. , Wanner Christoph , Marx Nikolaus , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Mattheus Michaela , Kaspers Stefan , Bég Sami A.
Published: January 2023

Aims

To apply the diabetes staging system (DSS), a novel disease staging system similar to what is used in oncology but designed to improve diabetes management, to three large type 2 diabetes (T2D) cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials to assess whether increasing DSS stage was associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality (ACM) and/or CV death.

Materials and Methods

The DSS uses discrete CV events (none to ≥3: Stage 1 to 4), end‐stage kidney disease (Stage 5) and microvascular complications (none to 3: A to D) to determine disease stage in individuals with T2D. The DSS stage for patients from the CAROLINA, EMPA‐REG OUTCOME and CARMELINA trials was determined. Incidence rates for ACM/CV death were calculated across DSS stages and Cox regression analyses were performed.

Results

The risk of ACM or CV death increased with increasing DSS (Stage 1 to 5; P for trend <0.0001) in all trials. In CAROLINA, the risk of ACM and CV death increased with increasing number of microvascular complications (A to D; both P for trend <0.0001), similar in CARMELINA (P for trend = 0.0020 and 0.0005, respectively). In EMPA‐REG OUTCOME, having all three microvascular complications (Stage D), versus none, increased the risk of ACM and CV death (P = 0.0015 and 0.0010, respectively).

Conclusions

Applying the DSS across T2D clinical trial populations with different CV risk revealed a significantly increased risk of ACM and CV death with higher DSS stage. The DSS may merit assessment in other T2D populations and evaluation of the impact of additional outcomes, such as heart failure, could also be worthwhile.
Incident and recurrent hypoglycaemia with linagliptin and glimepiride over a median of 6 years in the CAROLINA cardiovascular outcome trial
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , McGuire Darren K. , Espeland Mark A. , Mattheus Michaela , Pfarr Egon , Lund Søren S. , Marx Nikolaus ,   the CAROLINA Investigators
Published: January 2023

Aim

The CAROLINA trial established non‐inferiority of linagliptin versus glimepiride for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with relatively early type 2 diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk. In pre‐specified and post‐hoc analyses, we investigated treatment effects on total hypoglycaemic burden in CAROLINA.

Materials and methods

Patients were randomized and treated with 5 mg linagliptin (n = 3014) or 1‐4 mg glimepiride (n = 3000) once daily added to standard care. Hypoglycaemia captured from investigator‐reported adverse events was analysed with Poisson and negative binomial regressions for the first and total (first plus recurrent) events, respectively. The influence of insulin initiation and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change on the treatment effect for hypoglycaemia was also explored.

Results

Over 6.3 years median follow‐up, average HbA1c over time did not differ between linagliptin versus glimepiride (weighted mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.00%, [−0.05, 0.05]), nor did insulin initiation (18.6% vs. 19.2% of patients, respectively), whereas body weight was lower with linagliptin (−1.54 kg, [−1.80, −1.28]). Hypoglycaemia frequency was lower with linagliptin across all hypoglycaemia categories, including severe episodes. Rate ratios (95% confidence interval) for first and total events for investigator‐reported hypoglycaemia were 0.21 (0.19‐0.24) and 0.12 (0.10‐0.14), respectively, with 8.7 first and 60.8 total estimated events prevented/100 patient‐years with linagliptin versus glimepiride. These differences occurred during night‐time and daytime, and in subgroup analyses of total events. Treatment differences in hypoglycaemia were neither impacted by HbA1c changes nor insulin initiation.

Conclusions

Across the severity spectrum, linagliptin substantially reduced the hypoglycaemic burden versus glimepiride in patients with relatively early type 2 diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk.
Sex differences in the complications, care and clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL)
Authors: Green Jennifer B. , Merrill Peter , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Mentz Robert J. , Alfredsson Joakim , Holman Rury R. ,   the EXSCEL Study Group
Published: January 2023

Aim

To examine sex differences in the characteristics and outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD), randomized to once‐weekly exenatide (EQW) or placebo in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).

Materials and Methods

Baseline characteristics were summarized and compared by sex. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for clinical outcomes, including the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular (CV) death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction or non‐fatal stroke (MACE3). Models including sex‐by‐treatment interaction were used to evaluate differences in effects of EQW.

Results

Overall, 5603 women and 9149 men were followed for a median of 3.2 years. Women were younger (mean 61.4 vs. 62.2 years, P < .001) and had a shorter duration of diabetes (mean 12.9 vs. 13.2 years, P = .039) and less coronary artery disease (35.2% vs. 61.0%, P < .001) than men, but also a less favourable metabolic risk profile and lower use of cardioprotective medications. MACE3 occurred in 9.1% of women and 13.5% of men, corresponding to 2.82 versus 4.40 events/100 participant‐years (adjusted hazard ratio 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70‐0.93, P = .003). There was no difference in MACE3 with EQW compared with placebo, or evidence of heterogeneity of treatment effect by sex.

Conclusions

This analysis of a large population of individuals with T2D, with or without established CVD, identified between‐sex differences in clinical characteristics and care. Despite having worse management of CV risk factors, women had significantly lower rates of important CV events not attributable to the effects of study treatment.
Proximity to healthcare centres and service use: The case of Community Clinics in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Syed , Akter Tasnima , Jahan Musharrat , Dewan Ashraf
Published: January 2023

We investigate how distance from healthcare centres affects service utilization for women and children. Relying on five rounds of recent nationally representative demographic and health survey data from Bangladesh, our logistic regression analyses reveal that proximity to healthcare centres barely affects the utilization of healthcare services for women and children, even in rural areas. Interestingly, this indicates that the government's preferred Community Clinics have not significantly contributed to the country's uptake of healthcare services. The low‐service utilization may result from their poor standard at the local health centres indicating that improving the service quality can help Bangladesh raise the uptake of healthcare services.
Evaluation of extra‐narrow diameter implants in the oral rehabilitation of young patients after oral trauma: A prospective study
Authors: Ferreira Fabiola Nogueira Holanda , Moreira Neto José Jeová Siebra , de Negreiros Wagner Araújo , Kurita Lucio Mitsuo , Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros
Published: January 2023

Background/Aim

Oral trauma is a common event in young patients and can lead to tooth loss, especially after avulsion of a tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival, esthetic outcomes, ridge preservation, and patient satisfaction of extra‐narrow diameter implants (NDIs) as a temporary rehabilitation treatment for young patients who had lost permanent maxillary incisors after an avulsion.

Materials and Methods

This study comprised a prospective clinical and experimental study on a case series of 13 patients (age: 10–14 years) with a history of avulsion of one or more maxillary incisors. The patients received 19 mini‐drive locks implants (Intralock) with acrylic resin crowns, divided into two evaluation arms: immediate implant placement (n = 10) and delayed implant placement (n = 9). The cases were followed up every 3 months with an initial tomography (T0) before implant placement and after 1 year (T1). The clinical stability of the implant in the bone and the retention of the provisional implant crown were evaluated, and the esthetic index was calculated at each follow‐up. Intragroup and intergroup differences in alveolar ridge height and thickness were compared at T0 and T1, and a questionnaire was administered to assess the patient's perception of the treatment.

Results

The implant survival rate after 1 year was 78.9%. Alveolar ridge height and thickness increased in all cases at T1 (p < .05). Patients who received immediate implants had greater initial and final alveolar ridge thickness. The esthetic index progressively increased over the investigated time period (p = .001). Only one female patient presented with crown infraocclusion after 1 year. The patients' esthetic perceptions of their smiles significantly improved after treatment (p = .001).

Conclusions

Extra‐NDI had good survival rates, were effective at maintaining alveolar bone, and promoted aesthetic recovery and patient satisfaction with treatment during the period studied.
Testing background matching and disruptive colouration in a sexually dichromatic grasshopper: a computer detection experiment
Authors: Ramírez‐Delgado Víctor Hugo , del Castillo Raúl Cueva
Published: January 2023

Cryptic colouration is an adaptative mechanism against predators. Colour patterns can become cryptic through background matching and disruptive colouration, which breaks up the outlines of an animal because the pattern does not coincide with the shape and outline of the animal's body. Background matching could be advantageous in chromatically homogeneous microhabitats, whereas disruptive colouration can be favoured in visually heterogeneous microhabitats. Grasshoppers of the genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrogomorphidae) inhabit very heterogeneous environments and exhibit both strategies. Adults show substantial continuous variation in colouration and longitudinal and transverse bands on the thorax and abdomen. However, males often exhibit considerably more variation in the number of longitudinal and transverse bands than females, which tend to have more uniform colouring (flatter patterns). In this study, we analysed the cryptic properties of the colour patterns of males and females of Sphenarium zapotecum Sanabria‐Urbán, H. Song & Cueva del Castillo and tested the effectiveness of background matching and disruptive colouration using humans as ‘predators’ in a computer detection experiment. We found that the females and males are dichromatic and seem to follow different cryptic strategies in their colouration: males are more disruptive to the background than females, whereas females have a higher level of background matching. In addition, in visually heterogeneous areas, predators spent most time searching for striped male morphs with lower background matching and higher disruptive properties, as well as for female morphs with high background matching, potentially increasing prey survival. As background matching is associated with females and disruptive colouration with males, our results could help explain the evolution of sexual dichromatism in this and other species of grasshoppers of the genus Sphenarium.
Preparation of micro‐crystal stones from molten titanium slag by “one‐step” cooling method
Authors: Ding Zhihua , Zhang Tianhua , Qiu Guibo , Huo Xiangtao , Guo Min , Zhang Mei
Published: January 2023

Medium‐titanium blast furnace slag (MTS) is a major solid waste in the smelting process of vanadium and titanium magnetite. The moderate TiO2 content in MTS makes it unsuitable for titanium extraction and difficult to be used as cement mixing material in large quantities. In this study, the molten MTS was utilized to prepare micro‐crystal stones by a “one‐step” cooling method, and the TiO2 in the slag was used as a nucleating agent. The effects of the cooling process and MTS utilization on the slag structure, crystallization characteristics, and physical properties of the micro‐crystal stones were investigated. The results show that when the utilization of MTS is 100 wt%, the main crystalline phase of the micro‐crystal stones is akermanite, the compressive strength and micro‐hardness are 142.5 MPa and 696.9 kgf·mm−2. When the utilization of MTS is 90 wt%, the main phases of microcrystalline stone are augite and akermanite, and the compressive strength rises to 194.8 MPa. Hence, through proper cooling control, the preparation of micro‐crystal stones with good performance by using molten MTS as raw material will have considerable economic value.
Formation of Al2O3–GdAlO3 eutectic ceramics with a fine anisotropic structure in a flash event
Authors: Aoki Yuta , Masuda Hiroshi , Yoshida Hidehiro
Published: January 2023

An Al2O3–GdAlO3 (GAP) composite with a fine eutectic microstructure was obtained through local melting and rapid solidification during a flash event. An AC field of 1 kV/cm at a frequency of 1 kHz was applied to a calcined Al2O3–GAP body at a furnace temperature of 1400°C to induce the flash event. The Al2O3–GAP body exhibited local melting through the current path. Solidification proceeded with the maximum cooling rate of about 140°C/s just after the power supply was turned off. Using this flash treatment, a refined eutectic structure with rodlike GAP phases in the Al2O3 matrix was obtained within 1 min. The interphase spacing of the obtained structure was approximately 170 nm, comparable with the finest Al2O3–GAP eutectic material obtained in previous studies. A flash event and subsequent rapid cooling can contribute to forming fine eutectic ceramics with a relatively low furnace temperature and short processing time.
The role of learning motivation on financial knowledge among Vietnamese college students
Authors: Phung Trang M. T. , Tran Quoc N. , Nguyen‐Hoang Phuong , Nguyen Nhut H. , Nguyen Tho H.
Published: January 2023

Using survey data from 730 undergraduates in Vietnam, we find that learning motivation and its components, especially self‐efficacy, finance learning value, and achievement goals, significantly correlate with students' financial literacy performance. In addition, these correlations are moderated by student characteristics, among which academic seniority, university type, parents' education, and extra math study during high school matter the most. Our results raise significant implications to policymakers, researchers, and educators that include understanding the role of motivation and incorporating it in financial literacy education and intervention programs and considering the moderation roles that individuals' characteristics play in the motivation‐financial literacy link. We encourage more research in these areas.
Case series of tongue necrosis from vascular complications after chin augmentation with hyaluronic acid: Potential pathophysiology and management
Authors: Thanasarnaksorn Wilai , Thanyavuthi Apichaya , Prasertvit Piyatida , Rattanakuntee Siwakorn , Jitaree Benrita , Suwanchinda Atchima
Published: January 2023

Background

Even though the chin is considered a safe injection area for facial filler augmentation, tongue necrosis is a rare complication in this area.

Objective

Our aim was to present case series of rare complications from chin filler augmentation with possible pathophysiology and management.

Methods

From our thorough literature search found only one case report of tongue necrosis from chin filler augmentation. We present case series of unilateral tongue necrosis from vascular occlusion following hyaluronic acid injection in the chin, which was successfully treated with a high‐dose hyaluronidase injection resulting in complete recovery in all patients.

Results

Variation in vascular anastomosis leads to a possible cause of vascular occlusion. The lingual artery is the primary arterial supply for the tongue, which is an exclusive target for embolism. Two main responsible arteries and branches are the deep lingual and sublingual arteries. The submental artery variation was previously described as the cause of this event. We proposed potential pathophysiology of the occlusion, not only the variation of vasculature but bone. The midline lingual foramen, an anatomical bone variation on the surface of the midline inferior jaw, was found to be another possible cause. This foramen contains a branch of the submental and sublingual artery, which includes the perforating artery, median perforating artery, or both. Filler injection with a sharp needle on the bone can potentially increase the risk of this vascular incident. A high dose of hyaluronidase administered with multiplane injections was accomplished with complete recovery.

Conclusions

Tongue necrosis from vascular complications after hyaluronic acid filler injection can occur. Not only vessels but bone variation pathology were possible causes.
Determinants of consumer adoption of halal cosmetics: A systematic literature review
Authors: Isa Raihan Mohd , Man Saadan , Rahman Noor Naemah Abdul , Aziz Atiqah
Published: January 2023

Background

The global halal cosmetics market is projected to grow during the forecast period. However, the factors that influenced consumers in the world to opt for halal cosmetics remain ambiguous.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to understand the universal concept of halal cosmetics and a framework of critical points that influence consumers in purchasing halal cosmetic products.

Method

The method used was Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Statement by using Web of Science and Scopus databases. This study extends the systematic literature review covering all variables in purchasing halal cosmetics as halal cosmetic is not simply a religious issue, but it is also an opportunity to increase sales and acquire a competitive advantage.

Results

This study found 14 articles that mainly discussed the critical points related to religiosity and product factors, that is, ingredient, halal logo, and halal certification as the highest driver in influencing consumers to purchase halal cosmetics. Other related factors in this study are price, promotion, place, social factors, and characteristics of consumers. These factors should be taken into consideration as they provide a plus point and an extra edge to local or international manufacturers to tap the global markets for halal cosmetic products that cater to both Muslims and non‐Muslims communities.

Practical Implications

Cosmetic manufacturers and marketers must ensure that their products suit the expectation of consumers as todays halalan and tayyiban products are being searched rather than branded products due to their cleanliness, safety, and hygienic.

Originality/Value

This study is among the earliest study examining the factors of purchase intention in halal cosmetics using a systematic literature review method that integrates marketing stimulus (product, price, promotion, and place) and other stimuli (social, religious, and characteristics).
Integration of single‐cell and bulk transcriptomics reveals immune‐related signatures in keloid
Authors: Wang Hanwen , Zhou Ziheng , Xie Julin , Qi Shaohai , Tang Jinming
Published: January 2023

Background

Keloid is a pathological dermatological condition that manifests as an overgrowth scar secondary to skin trauma. This study endeavored to excavate immune‐related signatures of keloid based on single‐cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data and bulk RNA sequencing data.

Method

The keloid‐relevant scRNA sequencing dataset GSE163973 and bulk RNA sequencing dataset GSE113619 were mined from the GEO database. The “Seurat” R package was utilized for data quality control, cell clustering, and investigation of marker genes of each cell cluster. The “SingleR” package helped match the marker genes of the corresponding cluster to specific cell types. Moreover, the R package “Monocle” was deployed for pseudotemporal ordering analysis, and the “clusterProfiler” was applied for functional and pathway enrichment analysis. The immune‐related signatures were then identified, and potential targeted drugs were predicted via the DGIdb database. Verification of the immune‐related signatures in clinical validation samples was implemented by RT‐qPCR.

Results

Totally 23 cell clusters were screened and classified into 10 cell types based on the scRNA sequencing data. The keloid group had a significantly higher endothelial cell proportion than the control group. As enrichment analysis was applied in both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of scRNA and bulk RNA sequencing data, we found they were enriched in multiple common immune‐related pathways and biological processes. Meanwhile, we acquired three immune‐related signatures (VCAM1, CALCRL, and HLA‐DPB1) by intersecting the above DEGs with immune‐related genes (IRGs). Then, we predicted 16 drugs potentially targeting the biomarkers through the DGIdb database. Finally, the outcome of RT‐qPCR of clinical validation samples further verified the results.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we analyzed the cell types and functional differences in the keloid through scRNA and bulk RNA sequencing data. We identified three immune‐related signatures (VCAM1, CALCRL, and HLA‐DPB1) in keloid, providing a basis for further in‐depth investigation of the molecular mechanisms of keloid and exploration of therapeutic targets.
Effectiveness of multidisciplinary intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Hailian , Li Haixiang , Wang Jing , Chu Limin , Huang Lixia , Zhao Mingxia
Published: January 2023

Objective

To explore the effectiveness of multidisciplinary intervention for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

A total of 126 patients diagnosed with GDM from January 2020 to December 2021 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into the control group (conventional treatment) and the study group (adding multidisciplinary intervention). Glucose index, self‐management ability, psychological status, and delivery outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Fasting plasma glucose (4.32 ± 0.81 mmol/L), glycosylated hemoglobin (5.47 ± 1.09%), and postprandial blood glucose (6.02 ± 1.47 mmol/L) after intervention in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05), as well as those before intervention (p < 0.05). The score of GDM knowledge (38.03 ± 2.76), self‐management (38.93 ± 2.32), social support (17.84 ± 1.23), and belief (17.93 ± 1.09) were all significantly higher than those of control group (p < 0.05), as well as those before intervention (p < 0.05). Besides, anxiety (7.83 ± 1.59) and depression (10.29 ± 1.82) evaluation scores showed that emotional relief were significantly achieved after intervention in study group compared with control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean delivery, premature delivery, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia was also significantly improved after intervention in study group compared with control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary intervention can effectively control blood glucose levels, adjust self‐management behavior, relieve psychological disorder, reduce complications, and improve delivery outcomes of GDM patients.
Good Children Do Not Always Do Good Behavior: Moral Licensing Effects in Preschoolers1, 2, 3
Authors: Furukawa Yoshiya , Fuji Shohei , Sugimura Shinichiro
Published: January 2023

Previous research reveals that past moral behavior can promote future moral behavior, or sometimes discourage people's engagement in moral behavior. This is known as the moral licensing effect. Although most previous research on moral licensing has focused on adults, a few studies have also investigated children. The present study investigated moral licensing effects in preschool children. Participants were 47 Japanese preschool children between the ages of 43 and 77 months. We manipulated licensing by inducing participants to experience prosocial behavior. More specifically, we provided participants in the license condition an opportunity to share their resources with another. Then, all participants allocated five stickers to themselves and others in a resource allocation task. The results showed that the children in the license condition were less likely to engage in prosocial behavior than those in the control condition. This is the first study showing that moral licensing effects also occur in children, suggesting that like adults, applying morality for preschool children is flexible with regards to situations and experiences.
Positive‐strand RNA viruses—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Denison Mark R. , Kielian Margaret , Jackson William T. , Bartenschlager Ralf , Ahola Tero , Mukhopadhyay Suchetana , Fremont Daved H. , Kuhn Richard J. , Shannon Ashleigh , Frazier Meredith N. , Yuen Kwok‐Yung , Coyne Carolyn B. , Wolthers Katja C. , Ming Guo‐Li , Guenther Camy S. , Moshiri Jasmine , Best Sonja M. , Schoggins John W. , Jurado Kellie Ann , Ebel Gregory D. , Schäfer Alexandra , Ng Lisa F. P. , Kikkert Marjolein , Sette Alessandro , Harris Eva , Wing Peter A. C. , Eggenberger Julie , Krishnamurthy Siddharth R. , Mah Marcus G. , Meganck Rita M. , Chung Donghoon , Maurer‐Stroh Sebastian , Andino Raul , Korber Bette , Perlman Stanley , Shi Pei‐Yong , Bárcena Montserrat , Aicher Sophie‐Marie , Vu Michelle N. , Kenney Devin J. , Lindenbach Brett D. , Nishida Yukiko , Rénia Laurent , Williams Evan P.
Published: January 2023

Positive‐strand RNA viruses have been the cause of several recent outbreaks and epidemics, including the Zika virus epidemic in 2015, the SARS outbreak in 2003, and the ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. On June 18–22, 2022, researchers focusing on positive‐strand RNA viruses met for the Keystone Symposium “Positive‐Strand RNA Viruses” to share the latest research in molecular and cell biology, virology, immunology, vaccinology, and antiviral drug development. This report presents concise summaries of the scientific discussions at the symposium.
Prevalence of and risk factors for nutritional deficiency and food allergy in a cohort of 21 patients with Netherton syndrome
Authors: Prodinger Christine , Yerlett Natalie , MacDonald Cassie , Chottianchaiwat Subhanitthaya , Goh Leanne , Du Toit George , Mellerio Jemima E. , Petrof Gabriela , Martinez Anna E.
Published: January 2023

Background

Netherton syndrome (NS; OMIM: 256500) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited disease due to SPINK5 mutations. Hair and inflammatory skin involvement are variable along with allergies. Morbidity and mortality are high, particularly in infancy. A detailed clinical analysis of a NS patient cohort should broaden the understanding of nutritional challenges and allergic comorbidities.

Methods

In this retrospective monocentric cohort study, medical and dietetic records of pediatric NS patients, presenting between 1999 and 2018, were reviewed. The severity of skin involvement was assessed according to the extent of the body surface area (BSA) affected by erythema.

Results

We identified 21 patients with NS (median age 11.6 years). Within the first 6 months of life, requirements for fluid and kcals/protein were high for all patients (average 228 ml/kg/day) and infants had an average of 1.9 feed changes (range 0–4) due to food intolerance. Clinical evidence for IgE‐mediated food allergy was present in 84.2% (16/19 children, 2 no data) with a range of 1–12 food allergies per patient. In 75%, more than one food had to be avoided. Specific IgE levels were falsely positive in 38.3% and 8/18 patients (44.4%). One‐third (5/15; 6 no data) of patients, all with severe disease, had anaphylactic reactions following ingestion of fish (n = 2), sesame (n = 1), cow's milk (n = 1), and both peanut and egg (n = 1).

Conclusions

Our data emphasize feeding difficulties in children with NS and reveal an unexpectedly higher prevalence of food allergies that gives evidence to the importance of early coordinated multidisciplinary care for overcoming these challenges in NS.
Cation diffusion facilitator proteins of Beta vulgaris reveal diversity of metal handling in dicotyledons
Authors: Alejandro Santiago , Meier Bastian , Hoang Minh Thi Thanh , Peiter Edgar
Published: January 2023

Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) are essential for diverse processes in plants, but their availability is often limiting or excessive. Cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins have been implicated in the allocation of those metals in plants, whereby most of our mechanistic understanding has been obtained in Arabidopsis. It is unclear to what extent this can be generalized to other dicots. We characterized all CDFs/metal tolerance proteins of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris), which is phylogenetically distant from Arabidopsis. Analysis of subcellular localization, substrate selectivities, and transcriptional regulation upon exposure to metal deficiencies and toxicities revealed unexpected deviations from their Arabidopsis counterparts. Localization and selectivity of some members were modulated by alternative splicing. Notably, unlike in Arabidopsis, Mn‐ and Zn‐sequestrating members were not induced in Fe‐deficient roots, pointing to differences in the Fe acquisition machinery. This was supported by low Zn and Mn accumulation under Fe deficiency and a strikingly increased Fe accumulation under Mn and Zn excess, coinciding with an induction of BvIRT1. High Zn load caused a massive upregulation of Zn‐BvMTPs. The results suggest that the employment of the CDF toolbox is highly diverse amongst dicots, which questions the general applicability of metal homeostasis models derived from Arabidopsis.
The Effect of Mean Tension on Fatigue of Mooring Chain for a 12 MW Semi-Submersible Wind Turbine
Authors: Kvittem Marit , Bergmann Ludvik Kjosås
Published: January 2023

Recently published studies have documented a significant mean load effect on fatigue capacity for offshore mooring chains, showing that a reduction of mean loads gives an increase in fatigue life. Standard design practice has been to base S-N fatigue design curves on tests carried out at 20% of the chain minimum breaking load (MBL). These curves are then used to compute damage for all tension cycles, regardless of their actual mean value.

This paper investigates the mean load dependency in mooring chains for the INO WINDMOOR 12 MW floating offshore wind turbine by describing the mean load tension associated with each stress cycle in two different ways: The average of the maximum and minimum load in each cycle (cycle mean) and half-hour mean load. A parametrized S-N curve design approach developed by Fernández et al. was used to account for the mean tension.

With both methods for accounting for mean stress, the mean tension was below 20% MBL, for the least extreme load conditions. More extreme load cases caused half-hour means above 20% of MBL, and single cycle mean tensions were far beyond the 20% limit, and contributed with large fatigue damage. This caused some difference between the methods.

Compared to the DNVGL-OS-E301 S-N curve, a significant reduction in fatigue damage was seen for the mooring lines least affected by the extreme conditions (leeward). However, mean tensions beyond 20% of MBL in the windward line contributed to larger fatigue damage in extreme cases, and ended up with a total accumulated damage similar to the design curve base case. The validity range of the method was 7%–20%, and many observations were outside of this range.