bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of indigenous knowledge in drought risk reduction: A case of communal farmers in South Africa
Authors: Muyambo Fummi , Bahta Yonas T. , Jordaan Andries J.
Published: July 2017

Even though the significance of indigenous knowledge in agriculture is internationally recognised, the role thereof in disaster risk reduction in South Africa is not well documented. This article determined the influence of indigenous knowledge in drought risk reduction in O.R. Tambo district of the Eastern Cape province (South Africa). Primary data were collected from 87 communal farmers through purposive sampling using a structured questionnaire. Focus group discussions were also held with the target group (farmers and extension officers) to gain more information and clarification on indigenous knowledge. The finding indicated that the majority of respondents (64.4%) relied on indigenous knowledge in their farming practice and drought risk reduction. Two-thirds (66.7%) of the respondents revealed that indigenous knowledge contributed to the resilience of farmers towards drought. The respondents unanimously agreed that indigenous knowledge is losing its significance in farming and drought risk reduction, because the younger generation did not value it anymore. Lack of documentation and deterioration of its application by the younger generation were found to be the main challenge for most respondents. The study concluded that indigenous knowledge was still an integral part of agricultural practices, applied drought risk reduction strategies and contributed to resilience against disasters. Based on the findings, the study recommends that indigenous knowledge be compiled, documented and published so that all farmers can learn of effective farming practices, passed on from generation to generation. Community holders of such information are encouraged to make younger generations aware of the benefits of indigenous knowledge to promote its usage.
The relationship between drought and tourist arrivals: A case study of Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Mathivha Fhumulani I. , Tshipala Ndivhuwo N. , Nkuna Zanele
Published: July 2017

National parks around the world have been recognised as important sources of nature experiences for both local and international visitors. In South Africa, national parks are similarly important recreational and nature tourism attractions. They offer visitors an unparalleled diversity of tourism opportunities, including game viewing, bush walks and exposure to culture and history. South African National Parks (SANParks), established in 1926, is one of the world’s leading conservation and scientific research bodies and a leading agent in maintaining the country’s indigenous natural environment. The study aims to analyse the correlation between drought and the number of tourist arrivals to the Kruger National Park (KNP). Rainfall data, as well as data on tourist arrivals at KNP for the period from 1963 to 2015 were obtained from the South African Weather Services (SAWS) and SANParks, respectively. Rainfall data were used to determine the drought years at the KNP through computing the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) for various stations around the park. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used as a statistical measure of the strength of a linear relationship between drought and tourist arrivals. The results showed that KNP experienced both negative and positive tourist arrivals, although the former was the case, tourist arrivals showed an increasing trend. The correlation relationship showed that 19.36% of the drought years corresponded to a negative change in tourist arrivals to the park. The results obtained confirm that the tourism industry is a fragile industry which is prone to environmental, social and economic state of a region.
Parallel search engine optimisation and pay-per-click campaigns: A comparison of cost per acquisition
Authors: Kritzinger Wouter T. , Weideman Melius
Published: July 2017

Background: It is imperative that commercial websites should rank highly in search engine result pages because these provide the main entry point to paying customers. There are two main methods to achieve high rankings: search engine optimisation (SEO) and pay-per-click (PPC) systems. Both require a financial investment – SEO mainly at the beginning, and PPC spread over time in regular amounts. If marketing budgets are applied in the wrong area, this could lead to losses and possibly financial ruin.Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate, using three real-world case studies, the actual expenditure on and income from both SEO and PPC systems. These figures were then compared, and specifically, the cost per acquisition (CPA) was used to decide which system yielded the best results.Methodology: Three diverse websites were chosen, and analytics data for all three were compared over a 3-month period. Calculations were performed to reduce the figures to single ratios, to make comparisons between them possible.Results: Some of the resultant ratios varied widely between websites. However, the CPA was shown to be on average 52.1 times lower for SEO than for PPC systems.Conclusion: It was concluded that SEO should be the marketing system of preference for e-commerce-based websites. However, there are cases where PPC would yield better results – when instant traffic is required, and when a large initial expenditure is not possible.
Physiotherapy students’ perceptions of the dual role of the clinical educator as mentor and assessor: Influence on the teaching–learning relationship
Authors: Meyer Ilse S. , Louw Alwyn , Ernstzen Dawn
Published: July 2017

Background: Clinical education is widely considered to be the cornerstone of health care professionals’ education. Clinical educators (CEs) fulfil many roles and act as both mentors and assessors in the learning process of students’ undergraduate health care professions education. However, changing from being a mentor to being an assessor may present particular challenges for both the CE and the students.Objective: To explore students’ perceptions of how the dual role of a CE as mentor and assessor influenced the teaching–learning (T-L) relationship.Method: A qualitative descriptive study, involving seven individual semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions, was conducted with students in the Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University. A contextualised interpretive content analysis was used to analyse the data. By following an iterative process, themes were identified and categories were reviewed and refined.Results: Challenges were experienced when CEs had to act and change as both mentors and assessors to the needs of the students. This influenced the T-L relationship and consequently impacted the learning of students. The expectations of students and CEs were often not fulfilled. Contradictions were disclosed regarding the dual role of CEs.Conclusion: The findings of the study, grounded in the perceptions and experiences of students on the dual role of the CE, are highlighted. It is important to consider the challenges that the students face in order to minimise any negative effects these challenges could have on students’ learning processes.
Rebuilding Palmyra virtually: recreation of its former glory in digital space
Authors: Denker Ahmet
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses the role of the digital tools and methods in the preservation of cultural heritage. As the destruction of Palmyra made international headlines, digital tools emerged as a key tool to fight back against the total deletion of the heritage site from memories. Palmyra in Syria had been, with its Corinthian colonnades, theatre and splendidly built temples to ancient gods, source of inspiration and imagination for Western architecture. In this paper, the aim is reviving the lost reality of Palmyra by digitally reconstructing its “ghost images” from rubbles. The paper offers a glimpse of the grandeur and beauty of the ruins of Palmyra, none of which any longer remains in its entirety. 3D models of the most significant structures of Palmyra, including Temple of Bel and Temple of Baalshamin which have been levelled as a result of conflict based vandalism, as well as the Grand Colonnaded Street and the theatre are presented as “ghost images” through reconstructed 3D models. The focus has been in maintaining the accuracy and validity of the visualised data of the relics and environment of Palmyra, as they were once extant. Following the trauma caused by the destruction of Palmyra, these reconstructions revive in our memory the splendour of the city in the Greco-Roman Period.
Investigating diesel engines as an atmospheric source of isocyanic acid in urban areas
Authors: Jathar Shantanu H. , Heppding Christopher , Link Michael F. , Farmer Delphine K. , Akherati Ali , Kleeman Michael J. , de Gouw Joost A. , Veres Patrick R. , Roberts James M.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Isocyanic acid (HNCO), an acidic gas found in tobacco smoke, urban environments, and biomass-burning-affected regions, has been linked to adverse health outcomes. Gasoline- and diesel-powered engines and biomass burning are known to emit HNCO and hypothesized to emit precursors such as amides that can photochemically react to produce HNCO in the atmosphere. Increasingly, diesel engines in developed countries like the United States are required to use selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to reduce tailpipe emissions of oxides of nitrogen. SCR chemistry is known to produce HNCO as an intermediate product, and SCR systems have been implicated as an atmospheric source of HNCO. In this work, we measure HNCO emissions from an SCR system-equipped diesel engine and, in combination with earlier data, use a three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM) to simulate the ambient concentrations and source/pathway contributions to HNCO in an urban environment. Engine tests were conducted at three different engine loads, using two different fuels and at multiple operating points. HNCO was measured using an acetate chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The diesel engine was found to emit primary HNCO (3–90 mg kg fuel−1) but we did not find any evidence that the SCR system or other aftertreatment devices (i.e., oxidation catalyst and particle filter) produced or enhanced HNCO emissions. The CTM predictions compared well with the only available observational datasets for HNCO in urban areas but underpredicted the contribution from secondary processes. The comparison implied that diesel-powered engines were the largest source of HNCO in urban areas. The CTM also predicted that daily-averaged concentrations of HNCO reached a maximum of ∼ 110 pptv but were an order of magnitude lower than the 1 ppbv level that could be associated with physiological effects in humans. Precursor contributions from other combustion sources (gasoline and biomass burning) and wintertime conditions could enhance HNCO concentrations but need to be explored in future work.
Intraseasonal to interannual variability of Kelvin wave momentum fluxes as derived from high-resolution radiosonde data
Authors: Sjoberg Jeremiah P. , Birner Thomas , Johnson Richard H.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Observational estimates of Kelvin wave momentum fluxes in the tropical lower stratosphere remain challenging. Here we extend a method based on linear wave theory to estimate daily time series of these momentum fluxes from high-resolution radiosonde data. Daily time series are produced for sounding sites operated by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and from the recent Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign. Our momentum flux estimates are found to be robust to different data sources and processing and in quantitative agreement with estimates from prior studies. Testing the sensitivity to vertical resolution, our estimated momentum fluxes are found to be most sensitive to vertical resolution greater than 1 km, largely due to overestimation of the vertical wavelength. Climatological analysis is performed over a selected 11-year span of data from DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) radiosonde sites. Analyses of this 11-year span of data reveal the expected seasonal cycle of momentum flux maxima in boreal winter and minima in boreal summer, and variability associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation of maxima during easterly phase and minima during westerly phase. Comparison between periods with active convection that is either strongly or weakly associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) suggests that the MJO provides a nontrivial increase in the lowermost stratospheric momentum fluxes.
Molecular distribution and compound-specific stable
carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids,
oxocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls in PM2.5 from
Beijing, China
Authors: Zhao Wanyu , Kawamura Kimitaka , Yue Siyao , Wei Lianfang , Ren Hong , Yan Yu , Kang Mingjie , Li Linjie , Ren Lujie , Lai Senchao , Li Jie , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Fu Pingqing
Published: July 2017

Abstract. This study investigates the seasonal variation, molecular distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of diacids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls to better understand the sources and formation processes of fine aerosols (PM2.5) in Beijing. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids varied from 110 to 2580 ng m−3, whereas oxoacids (9.50–353 ng m−3) and dicarbonyls (1.50–85.9 ng m−3) were less abundant. Oxalic acid was found to be the most abundant individual species, followed by succinic acid or occasionally by terephthalic acid (tPh), a plastic burning tracer. Ambient concentrations of phthalic acid (37.9±27.3 ng m−3) and tPh (48.7±51.1 ng m−3) are larger in winter than in other seasons, illustrating that fossil fuel combustion and plastic waste incineration contribute more significantly to wintertime aerosols. The year-round mass concentration ratios of malonic acid to succinic acid (C3/C4) are relatively by comparison with those in other urban aerosols and remote marine aerosols, most of which are less than or equal to unity in Beijing; thus, the degree of photochemical formation of diacids in Beijing is insignificant. Moreover, positive correlations of some oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls with nss-K+, a tracer for biomass burning, suggest biogenic combustion activities accounting for a large contribution of these organic acids and related precursors. The mean δ13C value of succinic acid is highest among all species with values of −17.1±3.9‰ (winter) and −17.1±2.0‰ (spring), while malonic acid is less enriched in 13C than others in autumn (−17.6±4.6‰) and summer (−18.7±4.0‰). The δ13C values of major species in the Beijing aerosols are generally lower with a wider range than those in downwind regions in the western North Pacific, which indicates that Beijing has diverse emission sources with weak photooxidation. Thus, our study demonstrates that in addition to photochemical oxidation, high abundances of diacids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in Beijing are largely associated with anthropogenic primary emissions, such as biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, and plastic burning.
A water vapor modulated aerosol impact on ice crystal size
Authors: Zhao Bin , Liou Kuo-Nan , Gu Yu , Jiang Jonathan H. , Li Qinbin , Fu Rong , Huang Lei , Liu Xiaohong , Shi Xiangjun , Su Hui , He Cenlin
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The interactions between aerosols and ice clouds represent one of the largest uncertainties in global radiative forcing from pre-industrial time to the present. In particular, the impact of aerosols on ice crystal effective radius (Rei), which is a key parameter determining ice clouds' net radiative effect, is highly uncertain due to limited and conflicting observational evidence. Here we investigate the effects of aerosols on Rei under different meteorological conditions using 9-year satellite observations. We find that the responses of Rei to aerosol loadings are modulated by water vapor amount in conjunction with several other meteorological parameters. While there is a significant negative correlation between Rei and aerosol loading in moist conditions, consistent with the Twomey effect for liquid clouds, a strong positive correlation between the two occurs in dry conditions. Simulations based on a cloud parcel model suggest that water vapor modulates the relative importance of different ice nucleation modes, leading to the opposite aerosol impacts between moist and dry conditions. When ice clouds are decomposed into those generated from deep convection and formed in-situ, the water vapor modulation remains in effect for both ice cloud types, although the sensitivities of Rei to aerosols differ noticeably between them due to distinct formation mechanisms. The water vapor modulation can largely explain the difference in the responses of Rei to aerosol loadings in various seasons. A proper representation of the water vapor modulation is essential for an accurate estimate of aerosol-cloud radiative forcing produced by ice clouds.
Retrieval of volcanic SO2 from HIRS/2 using optimal estimation
Authors: Miles Georgina M. , Siddans Richard , Grainger Roy G. , Prata Alfred J. , Fisher Bradford , Krotkov Nickolay
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We present an optimal-estimation (OE) retrieval scheme for stratospheric sulfur dioxide from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder 2 (HIRS/2) instruments on the NOAA and MetOp platforms, an infrared radiometer that has been operational since 1979. This algorithm is an improvement upon a previous method based on channel brightness temperature differences, which demonstrated the potential for monitoring volcanic SO2 using HIRS/2. The Prata method is fast but of limited accuracy. This algorithm uses an optimal-estimation retrieval approach yielding increased accuracy for only moderate computational cost. This is principally achieved by fitting the column water vapour and accounting for its interference in the retrieval of SO2. A cloud and aerosol model is used to evaluate the sensitivity of the scheme to the presence of ash and water/ice cloud. This identifies that cloud or ash above 6 km limits the accuracy of the water vapour fit, increasing the error in the SO2 estimate. Cloud top height is also retrieved. The scheme is applied to a case study event, the 1991 eruption of Cerro Hudson in Chile. The total erupted mass of SO2 is estimated to be 2300 kT ± 600 kT. This confirms it as one of the largest events since the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo, and of comparable scale to the Northern Hemisphere eruption of Kasatochi in 2008. This retrieval method yields a minimum mass per unit area detection limit of 3 DU, which is slightly less than that for the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), the only other instrument capable of monitoring SO2 from 1979 to 1996. We show an initial comparison to TOMS for part of this eruption, with broadly consistent results. Operating in the infrared (IR), HIRS has the advantage of being able to measure both during the day and at night, and there have frequently been multiple HIRS instruments operated simultaneously for better than daily sampling. If applied to all data from the series of past and future HIRS instruments, this method presents the opportunity to produce a comprehensive and consistent volcanic SO2 time series spanning over 40 years.
A variational regularization of Abel transform for GPS radio occultation
Authors: Wee Tae-Kwon
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In the Radio Occultation (RO), the refractivity is generally obtained from the inverse Abel transform of measured bending angle, often called Abel inversion (AI). While concise and straightforward to apply, AI is susceptible to the error present in the bending angle. Aiming at reducing the adverse effects of the measurement error, this study proposes a new method for determining the refractivity through a variational regularization (VR). The method approximates the inversion of the forward Abel transform by an optimization problem in which the regularized solution describes the measurement as closely as possible within the measurement’s considered accuracy. The optimal problem is then solved iteratively by means of the adjoint technique. VR incorporates the prior information about measurement characteristics and desired behaviour of the solution into the regularization via error covariance matrices. In contrast to variational data assimilations, VR holds the control variable in the measurement space. This makes VR particularly effective by allowing the method to benefit from the posterior height determination and to deal with model’s error in the impact parameter. The advantages are elaborated using a purposely corrupted synthetic sounding and with known true solution. The competency of VR relative to AI is validated with a large number of actual RO soundings. The comparison with nearby radiosonde observations shows that VR is considerably smaller than AI in both random and systematic errors. It is concluded based on the results presented in this study that VR offers a definite advantage over AI in the quality of refractivity.
Explicit representation and parametrised impacts of under ice shelf seas in the z∗ coordinate ocean model NEMO 3.6
Authors: Mathiot Pierre , Jenkins Adrian , Harris Christopher , Madec Gurvan
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Ice-shelf–ocean interactions are a major source of freshwater on the Antarctic continental shelf and have a strong impact on ocean properties, ocean circulation and sea ice. However, climate models based on the ocean–sea ice model NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) currently do not include these interactions in any detail. The capability of explicitly simulating the circulation beneath ice shelves is introduced in the non-linear free surface model NEMO. Its implementation into the NEMO framework and its assessment in an idealised and realistic circum-Antarctic configuration is described in this study. Compared with the current prescription of ice shelf melting (i.e. at the surface), inclusion of open sub-ice-shelf cavities leads to a decrease in sea ice thickness along the coast, a weakening of the ocean stratification on the shelf, a decrease in salinity of high-salinity shelf water on the Ross and Weddell sea shelves and an increase in the strength of the gyres that circulate within the over-deepened basins on the West Antarctic continental shelf. Mimicking the overturning circulation under the ice shelves by introducing a prescribed meltwater flux over the depth range of the ice shelf base, rather than at the surface, is also assessed. It yields similar improvements in the simulated ocean properties and circulation over the Antarctic continental shelf to those from the explicit ice shelf cavity representation. With the ice shelf cavities opened, the widely used three equation ice shelf melting formulation, which enables an interactive computation of melting, is tested. Comparison with observational estimates of ice shelf melting indicates realistic results for most ice shelves. However, melting rates for the Amery, Getz and George VI ice shelves are considerably overestimated.
Damages during February, 6–24 2017 Çanakkale earthquake swarm
Authors: Livaoğlu Ramazan , Timurağaoğlu Mehmet Ömer , Serhatoğlu Cavit Serhatoğlu , Döven Sami
Published: July 2017

Abstract. On February 6, 2017 a swarm of earthquakes began at the western end of the Turkey. This has been the first recorded swarm at Çanakkale region since continuous seismic monitoring began in 1970. The number of located earthquakes increased during the next ten days. This paper describes the output of a survey carried out in the earthquake prone towns of Ayvacık, Çanakkale, Turkey, in February 2017 after the earthquakes. Observations collected on site regard traditional buildings at the rural area of Ayvacık. A description of the main structural features and their effects on the most frequently viewed damage modes are related in plane, out of plane behavior of the wall regarding construction practice, connection type etc. It was found that there were no convenient connection details like cavity-ties or sufficient mortar strength resulting in decreased and/or lack of lateral load bearing capacity of the wall.
North Atlantic deep water formation and AMOC in CMIP5 models
Authors: Heuzé Céline
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Deep water formation in climate models is indicative of their ability to simulate future ocean circulation, carbon and heat uptake, and sea level rise. Present-day temperature, salinity, sea ice concentration and ocean transport in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and Nordic Seas from 23 CMIP5 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5) models are compared with observations to assess the biases, causes and consequences of North Atlantic deep convection in models. The majority of models convect too deep, over too large an area, too often and too far south. Deep convection occurs at the sea ice edge and is most realistic in models with accurate sea ice extent, mostly those using the CICE model. Half of the models convect in response to local cooling or salinification of the surface waters; only a third have a dynamic relationship between freshwater coming from the Arctic and deep convection. The models with the most intense deep convection have the warmest deep waters, due to a redistribution of heat through the water column. For the majority of models, the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is explained by the volumes of deep water produced in the subpolar gyre and Nordic Seas up to 2 years before. In turn, models with the strongest AMOC have the largest heat export to the Arctic. Understanding the dynamical drivers of deep convection and AMOC in models is hence key to realistically forecasting Arctic oceanic warming and its consequences for the global ocean circulation, cryosphere and marine life.
Ice-shelf damming in the glacial Arctic Ocean: dynamical regimes of a basin-covering kilometre-thick ice shelf
Authors: Nilsson Johan , Jakobsson Martin , Borstad Chris , Kirchner Nina , Björk Göran , Pierrehumbert Raymond T. , Stranne Christian
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Recent geological and geophysical data suggest that a 1 km thick ice shelf extended over the glacial Arctic Ocean during Marine Isotope Stage 6, about 140 000 years ago. Here, we theoretically analyse the development and equilibrium features of such an ice shelf, using scaling analyses and a one-dimensional ice-sheet–ice-shelf model. We find that the dynamically most consistent scenario is an ice shelf with a nearly uniform thickness that covers the entire Arctic Ocean. Further, the ice shelf has two regions with distinctly different dynamics: a vast interior region covering the central Arctic Ocean and an exit region towards the Fram Strait. In the interior region, which is effectively dammed by the Fram Strait constriction, there are strong back stresses and the mean ice-shelf thickness is controlled primarily by the horizontally integrated mass balance. A narrow transition zone is found near the continental grounding line, in which the ice-shelf thickness decreases offshore and approaches the mean basin thickness. If the surface accumulation and mass flow from the continental ice masses are sufficiently large, the ice-shelf thickness grows to the point where the ice shelf grounds on the Lomonosov Ridge. As this occurs, the back stress increases in the Amerasian Basin and the ice-shelf thickness becomes larger there than in the Eurasian Basin towards the Fram Strait. Using a one-dimensional ice-dynamic model, the stability of equilibrium ice-shelf configurations without and with grounding on the Lomonosov Ridge are examined. We find that the grounded ice-shelf configuration should be stable if the two Lomonosov Ridge grounding lines are located on the opposites sides of the ridge crest, implying that the downstream grounding line is located on a downward sloping bed. This result shares similarities with the classical result on marine ice-sheet stability of Weertman, but due to interactions between the Amerasian and Eurasian ice-shelf segments the mass flux at the downstream grounding line decreases rather than increases with ice thickness.
El Paraíso terrenal en la América del siglo XVII: Antonio de León Pinelo y Simão de Vasconcellos
Authors: Hurtado Ruiz Pablo
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo analiza la obra de dos autores del siglo XVII que sitúan el Paraíso terrenal en el continente americano: El Paraíso en el Nuevo Mundo del bibliófilo y jurista español Antonio de León Pinelo y Das noticias antecedentes, curiosas e necessarias das cousas do Brasil del jesuita portugués Simão de Vasconcellos. El análisis comprende una revisión de los argumentos que ambos autores desarrollan con el fin de situar el jardín del Edén en la Amazonía. Mediante la cita a autoridades y la edenización del territorio, ambos dan cuenta de una perspectiva de enunciación situada en América, desde la que sostienen una visión identitaria del pensamiento periférico.
Pensar con sonidos. Los universos musicales en El Trino del Diablo de Daniel Moyano
Authors: López Irene Noemi
Published: July 2017

La música ocupa un lugar predominante en la producción literaria de Daniel Moyano. Su escritura entrama en diversos planos –semántico, formal, ideológico- referencias y procedimientos provenientes del discurso musical construyendo un espacio textual complejo. Consideramos por ello que a través de su estudio es posible colaborar en la reflexión acerca de las múltiples formas de producción de sentido que se generan en el  diálogo entre lenguajes artísticos, en este caso entre música y literatura. En este trabajo realizamos una lectura de El trino del diablo para mostrar las formas en que el universo narrativo de la novela se configura a través de la incorporación de mitos y concepciones acerca de la música y los intérpretes, incidiendo en la construcción de espacios de pertenencia y marcos de referencia cultural e identitaria. Asimismo, la lectura en torno a la textualización de prácticas, valores y referencias musicales constituye una forma posible de conocimiento y comprensión del mundo político y social de los años 1970 en Argentina.
“El pensamiento como acción política”. Reseña. Juan Pablo Sutherland, Ficciones políticas del cuerpo. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria, 2016
Authors: Eltit Diamela
Published: July 2017

Resumen del libro de Juan Pablo Sutherland
Privacy and Security in Multi-User Health Kiosks
Authors: Takyi Harold , Watzlaf Valerie , Matthews Judith Talbot , Zhou Leming , DeAlmeida Dilhari
Published: July 2017

Enforcement of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) has gotten stricter and penalties have become more severe in response to a significant increase in computer-related information breaches in recent years. With health information said to be worth twice as much as other forms of information on the underground market, making preservation of privacy and security an integral part of health technology development, rather than an afterthought, not only mitigates risks but also helps to ensure HIPAA and HITECH compliance. This paper provides a guide, based on the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) audit protocol, for creating and maintaining an audit checklist for multi-user health kiosks. Implementation of selected audit elements for a multi-user health kiosk designed for use by community-residing older adults illustrates how the guide can be applied.
Ethics in academic publishing: a timely reminder
Authors: Houghton Frank
Published: July 2017

Most, if not all, academic librarians are by now familiar with the term “predatory publishing.”
History matters...through partnerships that advance research, education, and public service
Authors: Reznick Jeffrey S. , Ewing E. Thomas
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the ongoing strategic partnership between the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) to allow researchers, educators, and students access to new forms of cooperative work through a growing network of resources.
Mobile Technologies for Every Library
Authors: Becker Danielle
Published: July 2017

This book’s shortcomings are in its timeliness and lack of insight into emerging technologies.
The Medical Library Association Guide to Data Management for Librarians
Authors: Wickline Mary A.
Published: July 2017

Lisa Federer, AHIP, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), along with authors from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and highly reputable universities, introduces readers to the theoretical and data life cycle aspects of data management and then offers practical examples from academic health sciences and hospital environments.
SURVEY OF MATERIALS, METHODS EMPLOYED, AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC TREATMENT PROTOCOL STANDARDS BY GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN LITHUANIA. DOES AGE MATTER?
Authors: Vaitkus Linas , Mackevičiūtė Miglė , Kelbauskas Eduardas
Published: July 2017

Aim.To acquire statistical data concerning the materials, methods, and approaches used by general dentists in Lithuania, when treating teeth endodontically, while comparing said data with set treatment standards of undergraduate education to determine if practitioners’ years of experience had influence on aforementioned factors. Materials and Methods. In total, 350 surveys were dispersed among four major Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Utena) to bring forth data. These questionnaires included questions concerning the participant’s gender, experience in dentistry in years, materials and methods used, etc. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science 22 for Windows) Results. From the total, 134 (38.3%) surveys were returned for analysis. Only those surveys were analyzed which were fully filled and were from general dentists, who were performing endodontic treatment to their patients (109 or 31.1%). Respondents who did not qualify to the set forth criteria were automatically removed from further analysis. 77.6% of younger dentists (10 years or less in the field) preferred to use a rubber dam as an isolation material while only 30.6% of older generation specialists (more than 10 years in the field) performed endodontic treatment with it. Step back technique was more popular to use for younger generation dentists while NiTi rotary system and Crown down (hand files) technique for the more experienced clinicians. Almost all respondents used K-files in root canal treatment, while the most popular time to take dental X-rays was detrmined to be before treatment and after root canal filling. Cold lateral condensation technique for root canal filling was the most popular choice, while the sealer type most often used was zinc oxide eugenol. Most commonly used root canal irrigation was sodium hypochlorite. Conclusions. From the statistics brought forth from this study, it is apparent that younger generation of dentists follow the endodontic treatment regulations somewhat closer than the older generation, but not in all aspects of treatment.
ASSESSING PHARMACY STUDENTS’ MIGRATION RELATED
ATTITUDES AND INTENTION TO EMIGRATE FROM LITHUANIA
Authors: Urbonas Gvidas , Venclovaitė Indrė , Urbonienė Aušra , Kubilienė Loreta
Published: July 2017

Lithuania among the middle-income countries is
experiencing the brain drain situation when high-educated
professionals, including health care specialists,
migrate to high-income countries in search for better
economic, social and cultural life. The objective of
the study was to identify the potential reasons for
migration from the perspective of pharmacy students
that might come into consideration after they graduate
university. A convenience sample (n = 196) of
pharmacy students participated in the cross-sectional
survey where they gave opinion on why people emigrate
from Lithuania, also expressed personal attitude
towards emigration, as well as intention to emigrate
after the studies on self-report scales. The nonlinear
Robust Path Analysis approach was employed for
data analysis. The results revealed that high unemployment
conceived as a reason to emigrate from Lithuania,
as well as personal attitude towards emigration
was significantly linked with intent to emigrate after
studies. Family or friends living abroad, adverse
cultural environment, and lack of entertainment options
conceived as a reason to emigrate significantly
affected students personal attitude towards emigration
from Lithuania. High unemployment as a reason for
emigration remained the main factor directly associated
with the intention to emigrate. However, investment
in social, cultural and human capital should be
seen as the next step to reduce the attractiveness of
emigration to the future pharmacists.
COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF PARETO EFFICIENCY IN COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY SERVICES
Authors: Kairys Irvinas , Kairys Jonas , Juozulynas Linas , Juozulynas Jurgis Algirdas
Published: July 2017

When the economic allocation of resources in any
system is not Pareto efficient, there exists possibility
for the Pareto improvement. In this paper the
means of attaining the Pareto efficiency in providing
services of computed tomography is discussed and
compared. The study aims at analysing the use of
computed tomography for the purpose of providing
healthcare services in the European Union and other
countries by making comparisons of data collected
by the State Health Care Accreditation Agency under
the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania.
Using the methods of benchmarking and synthesis,
authors seek to determine the potential efficient uses
of computed tomography and propose the possible
solutions for achieving the Pareto efficiency.
Accounting for Context beyond Domain: An Authentic Practice-based Framework for Advancing Personal Epistemology Research
Authors: Beddoes Kacey , Montfort Devlin , Brown Shane
Published: July 2017

This article presents a practice-based framework for personal epistemology (PE) research that advances recent efforts to broaden personal epistemology research. The framework accounts for empirical experiences and also contributes to on-going theoretical efforts to expand personal epistemology research. Building on the “practice turn” that other fields have taken and learned from, the purpose of this article is four-fold. First, it offers a conceptual framework that addresses theoretical and empirical limitations of personal epistemology as it is currently studied. Second, it advances PE research by highlighting the importance of heretofore ignored facets of PE, namely communities of practice, context, epistemic practices, and identity. Third, it advances PE research by adding to on-going conversations about the interrelatedness of dimensions of personal epistemologies. Fourth, it lays out a research agenda for personal epistemology research and concomitant methodological considerations, which have not yet received significant attention from PE researchers.
Strategic Management in the Implementation of Curriculum 2013 in Elementary School in Indonesia
Authors: Juniaria Bettin , Sonhadji K.H. Ahmad , Arifin Imron , Huda A.Y M.
Published: July 2017

This study attempts at describing and explaining: (1) the strategic plan designing activity in  the implementation of the 2013 curriculum; (2) the implementation of the strategic plans in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum; and (3) the evaluation on the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. This study employed a qualitative approach using the multi-case study design and the constant comparative method. The results of this study show that: (1) the strategic plans of the curriculum 2013 implementation was designed through these following steps; planning, the first step of the designing activity. (2) the implementation of the strategic plans which included 5 activities which were designing the curriculum documents, enhancement of teachers and employees’ competences, the fulfillment of facilities, funding, and the improvement of school culture. (3) the evaluation on the curriculum implementation was done to measure the degree of success, problems, and solutions for the problems. By finding the solutions, problems faced by the schools can be regularly solved to prevent them from affecting the teaching and learning activities.
University hospitals in Turkey: Structural crisis in financing or consequence of mismanagement?
Authors: Tuncer A. Murat , Tatar Mehtap , Şahin İsmet
Published: July 2017

University hospitals in Turkey have a prominent role especially in treatment of complex cases and research. However, despite their indispensible place in the health care system, their financial status has long been on the agendas of the Turkish health policy-makers and is seen as a major threat to the financial sustainability of the whole system. It has been reported that the total debt of university hospitals has reached to 4.5 billion TRY (1.1 billion €) in 2016. This debt is to the third parties that provide medical devices, pharmaceuticals or services to these hospitals. There is also an increasing trend in university hospital debts calling for an urgent attention from the government. This article aims at exploring the financial status of university hospitals and showing that with a new management approach focusing on efficiency and effectiveness measures, the problem could be overcome. The example from Hacettepe University Hospital showed that a problem solving management approach and a reformist vision between December 2011-January 2016 has resulted in major improvements in the financial status of the hospital. The debts of the hospital were stabilized in this period by policies focusing on increasing number of patients and procedures, by decreasing the cost of purchasing goods and materials and by following the Social Security Institution’s (SSI) payment procedures. Starting from January 2016 a new management took the office and abandoned the measures taken by the previous administration. This led to an increase in hospital debts again. The article concluded that despite a volatile reimbursement environment, good management practices could help university hospitals to sustain their financial status.
Distance Measurement Systems Using Lasers and Their Applications
Authors: Fonseca Joao Antonio Santos Dias , Baptista Antonio , Martins Ma Joao , Torres Joao Paulo N.
Published: July 2017

Optical measuring systems came to offer new ways to determine distances, deformations or vibrations through more accurate and greater range methods. Technological progress has allowed a significant improvement of several components, including the optical ones. Thus, the development of essential measurement methods is crucial to keep up with technological advances.In this paper, the three basic methods of measurement are studied – triangulation, telemetry and interferometry, covering their main applications, advantages and disadvantages, and theoretically substantiating each of the methods. The results of simulation routines for each method are shown along this work. For the triangulation method we made two experiments which demonstrate the functioning of the method in measuring distances and surfaces.For the telemetry method, experimental setups were studied to apply the method of pulse telemetry and phase comparison telemetry to measure distances,Thus, it is intended to set up the basis for the future development of more complex methods.
Uptake of Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe Ions from Spent and Unspent Engine Oil Using Termite Soil
Authors: Agbozu Iwekumo , Uwem Bassey , Ndokiari Boisa
Published: July 2017

Removal of Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe ions from unspent and spent engine oil was studied using Termite soil. Process parameters such as contact time and adsorbent dosage were varied. Values from contact time were used for predicting kinetics equation of their uptake. At optimum time of 40 minutes, percentage adsorption was of the order Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb for both spent and unspent engine oil. Kinetics equation such as Elovich, Intra-particle, Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order were tested. Results obtained shows that their sequestering pattern fit into the pseudo-second order kinetics. Initial reaction rates, h (mg/g.min) and α (mg. g-1min-1) for all metal ions obtained from Pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models followed the trends Zn>Fe>Cu>Pb and Zn>Fe>Pb>Cu respectively in spent engine oil while for unspent engine oil, the trend was Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb for h (mg/g.min) and Zn>Fe>Pb>Cu for α (mg. g-1min-1). Electrostatic attraction existing on the surface of the adsorbent assisted in the high initial reaction of Zn and Fe ions, implying good affinity of the ions for the adsorbent. Desorption constant ᵦ (g/mg) was of the trend Cu>Pb>Fe>Zn and Cu>Pb>Zn>Fe for spent and unspent engine oils respectively. Intra-particle diffusion constant kid (mgg-1min-1/2) followed a similar pattern, revealing strong binding between Zn and termite soil than any of the metal ion. This pilot research has been able to suggest a kinetic process for uptake of the studied ions from spent and unspent engine oil.
On Theory of logarithmic Poisson Cohomology
Authors: Dongho Joseph , Mbah Alphonse , Roland Yotcha Shuntah
Published: July 2017

We define the notion of logarithmic Poisson structure along a non zero ideal $\cali$ of an associative, commutative algebra $\cal A$ and prove that each logarithmic Poisson structure induce a skew symmetric 2-form and a Lie-Rinehart structure on the $\cal A$-module $\Omega_K(\log \cali)$ of logarithmic K\"{a}hler differential. This Lie-Rinehart structure define a representation of the underline Lie algebra. Applying the machinery of Chevaley-Eilenberg and Palais, we define the notion of logarithmic Poisson cohomology which is a measure obstructions of Linear representation of the underline Lie algebra for which the grown ring act by multiplication.
A Multivariate Analysis of the Composition and Properties of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced from Different Cultivars Grown in Iran
Authors: Shirzad Habib , Niknam Vahid , Taheri Mehdi , Ebrahimzadeh Hassan
Published: July 2017

The present study investigated variations in extra virgin olive oils in relation to fatty acid (FA) composition and the characteristics of 10 olive cultivars. The findings demonstrated that their oil yield properties, including refractive index, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, iodine value, and composition, were significantly different. Moreover, based on GC-MS analysis, the presence of oleic acid [C18:1(9)] was identified as one of the major components. The highest amount of 18:1(9) was found in four major varieties of cultivars, namely Zard, Roghani, Karidolia, and Korfolia. Hierarchical cluster analysis of principal component analysis revealed two distinct categories of cultivars based on their FAs. The first category (cluster I), consisted of Arbequina, Karydolia, Roghani, and Zard cultivars, which can be considered cultivars with good commercial cultivation potential due to their high contents of unsaturated FAs and oil quantities produced.