bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penser par l'équivalence : la hiérarchie des normes revisitée
Authors: Guerrini Marc
Published: March 2024

Soumission à Epi-revel

National audience

L'opposition classique entre suprématie constitutionnelle et primauté du droit international et européen a progressivement laissé place à une appréhension pluraliste des rapports entre les différents ordres et systèmes juridiques. Les juges nationaux et internationaux tirent désormais les conséquences d'une forme de constitutionnalisme global pour articuler leurs compétences à travers une logique d'équivalence des protections. Si cette logique apparaît empiriquement observable, elle est aussi doctrinalement disputable.
Drygt hundra kronor. Är det lite mer än, lite mindre än eller ungefär hundra kronor?
Authors: Byrman Ylva , Karlsson Susanna
Published: March 2024

The Swedish adverb drygt is often used as an approximator in expressions like drygt 1 meter, where it means ‘a bit more than’ according to dictionaries and most speakers. Here, we show that drygt is undergoing semantic change and being reinterpreted as meaning ‘around’, ‘about’ or even ‘a bit less than’. To study this ongoing semantic reinterpretation, a questionnaire was circulated, reaching some 2 700 participants. The participants were asked about their linguistic intuitions about drygt: does drygt 100 kronor best correspond to 97 kronor, 97–102 kronor or 102 kronor? The results show that younger speakers are more likely than older to prefer the reinterpretations. The change has gone farthest in the south of Sweden, where half of the young speakers interpret drygt as ‘around’ or ‘a bit less than’. The comments to the questionnaire show that most participants are unaware that interpretations other than their own exist. The study also reveals that in translations of Swedish novels made available as parallel corpora, drygt is often translated into equivalents of ‘around’ or ‘a bit less than’. Furthermore, the Danish and Norwegian equivalents of drygt – godt og vel and drøyt – are undergoing a semantic change similar to that of drygt. We discuss how these findings relate to semantic change in general and argue that the change we observe is due to ambiguous contexts and possibly to speakers having different underlying cognitive representations.
Analyzing the Financial Performance of PT. Steel Pipe Industry of Indonesia Tbk
Authors: Widjanarko Bambang , Panjinata Awan , Sukoco Agus , Suyono Joko
Published: March 2024

The financial report is a vital tool for acquiring insights into a company's financial position and business performance. Through financial statement analysis, crucial indicators pertaining to the company's financial health are unveiled, rendering it a valuable resource for guiding financial decision-making processes and offering a comprehensive portrayal of the company's performance. This study evaluates the financial performance of PT Steel Pipe Industry of Indonesia Tbk. and forecasts the company's sales turnover over the next five years. This research adopts a quantitative descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data spanning from 2018 to 2022 from the PT Steel Pipe Industry of Indonesia Tbk. The data analysis process encompasses several stages, including (i) Ratio Analysis of Financial Reports from 2018 to 2022, (ii) Compilation of sales data, (iii) Projections of sales figures using the least squares method, and (iv) Forecasting profits for the period from 2023 to 2027. The findings of this study indicate that the PT Steel Pipe Industry of Indonesia Tbk. is facing challenges in its financial performance, as the ratio values consistently fall below industry-standard financial metrics. However, the company has demonstrated resilience in maintaining its profitability levels, evidenced by a 6% increase in profit percentage in 2021 compared to 2020. This can be attributed to the company's consistent profit generation efforts, resulting in year-on-year profit growth.
Estrategias de enseñanza en estudiantes de educación básica
Authors: Solórzano López Janice Brittiny , Lituma Alejandro Lidise Angeli , Espinoza Freire Eudaldo Enrique
Published: March 2024

trategies in basic education students, it is known that for success in the teaching-learning process it depends on the dynamics that are applied in mediation to achieve an effective interaction between the teacher and the student. The purpose was to determine the use of appropriate methodological strategies during the educational process in the fifth grade of the Galo Plaza Lasso School. To this end, qualitative and qualitative research was used, supported by theoretical and empirical methods such as analytical, synthetic, inductive, deductive, descriptive and observation; For the collection of field information it was necessary to use two questionnaires, the first for students, structured with four dimensions and 32 items with a Likert-type scale, the second, organized in two dimensions of 10 items, applied by teachers. Among the results, it was evident that 45% of the respondents did not consider the use of active strategies in the classroom necessary, omitting meaningful learning. It is concluded that what is established in theories about the importance of the ideal methodology for the teaching process, is far from its task, therefore, the child's innate potential is wasted and with it the development of required basic skills is not achieved.
Detectando patrones anómalos de publicación científica en España (I): Las evidencias empíricas
Authors: Delgado López-Cózar Emilio , Martín-Martín Alberto
Published: March 2024

Se pretende descubrir si en los últimos años en España se han producido cambios sustanciales en sus patrones de publicación científica; más concretamente, en los medios de comunicación (editoriales y revistas) empleados para difundir los resultados de la investigación y en la tipología de publicaciones utilizadas. El estudio centrará el análisis en las publicaciones indexadas en la WoScc (Web of Science core collection) en tanto en cuanto esta fuente y su principal derivado bibliométrico el JCR (Journal Citation Reports) ha sido la elegida preferentemente en España para evaluar el rendimiento científico de sus investigadores. Se constata que el patrón de publicación española diverge del patrón de publicación mundial. Se han detectado cambios significativos y estos han ocurrido en los últimos años; se concretan en una concentración de publicaciones en editoriales y revistas de nuevo cuño, así como un empleo inusualmente alto de artículos de revisión. El ascenso de las editoriales MDPI, sobre todo, así como de Frontiers, es meteórico. En 2021, con el 14,6% de la producción española, MDPI ya se había convertido en la segunda editorial que más documentos publica, duplicando el peso que tiene esta editorial a nivel mundial. En 40 universidades fue la editorial más productiva, representando más del 20% del total publicado. La implantación de MDPI como una editorial preferente para los investigadores españoles se constata en todos los campos de conocimiento. Si en 2015 MDPI sólo figuraba entre el top 10 editoriales por producción en tres (de diez) campos generales, en 2021 figura ya entre las 10 primeras en todos los campos científicos. Asimismo, se detecta un comportamiento anómalo en el tipo de documentos publicados. La proporción de artículos de revisión por investigadores en España en Frontiers y MDPI cuadruplica y triplica (respectivamente) la proporción de uso de este tipo documental por investigadores en España en el conjunto de todas las editoriales.
Søren Kierkegaard in Russian Litterature
Authors: Tchertkov L.
Published: March 2024

Søren Kierkegaard in Russian Litterature
"Death Comes In Between": Reflections on Kierkegaard's For Self-Examination
Authors: Cain David
Published: March 2024

"Death Comes In Between": Reflections on Kierkegaard's For Self-Examination
L’evolució del model lingüístic de Pompeu Fabra (1891-1933)
Authors: Bellés Eloi , Benavent Laia
Published: March 2024

Durant l’«etapa de contestació» (Murgades 2018), Pompeu Fabra defensava un model lingüístic basat en el català oriental i, més concretament, en el dialecte barceloní, dialecte que considerava superior tant pel pes demogràfic com per ser un dels més allunyats del castellà (Lamuela & Murgades 1984; Ginebra & Solà 2007). Tanmateix, en l’«etapa d’institucionalització» (Murgades 2018), Fabra evoluciona cap a un model de llengua composicional i polimòrfica, en què té en compte els altres dialectes (Lamuela & Murgades 1984; Ginebra & Solà 2007).
Aquest article analitza, a partir de la morfologia, l’evolució del model lingüístic de Fabra des del 1891, amb l’Ensayo, fins al 1933, amb la 7a edició de la Gramàtica catalana, partint de la idea que en les obres de l’inici el model és barcelonocèntic i a les obres del final evoluciona cap a un model polimòrfic. En conseqüència, l’evolució la podrem trobar no només en l’abandonament de les formes del barceloní col·loquial, sinó per l’augment de referències a formes d’altres dialectes, avalades sempre per la tradició de la llengua antiga.
Maria Palmer & Pere Rosselló (ed.), «Literatura catalana contemporània: canvi i continuïtat», Barcelona, Societat Catalana de Llengua i Literatura, 2023, 256 p.
Authors: Oviedo Seguer Jordi
Published: March 2024

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Maria Palmer & Pere Rosselló (ed.), Literatura catalana contemporània: canvi i continuïtat. VI Jornada LITCAT de grups de recerca celebrada a la Universitat de les Illes Balears el dia 13 de maig de 2022, Barcelona, Societat Catalana de Llengua i Literatura, filial de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2023, 256 p., ISBN: 978-84-9965-702-8.
(Re)construir el pasado a través de la ficción: la Guerra Civil española en la ucronía
Authors: García Martín Francisco David
Published: March 2024

Tras la muerte de Franco y el silencio impuesto por la dictadura sobre el pasado reciente del país, la ficción se convirtió en un instrumento de gran utilidad para intentar mostrar, a través de la memoria, lo que había sucedido durante la Guerra Civil española. En este trabajo pretendemos acercarnos a una serie de novelas ucrónicas sobre este periodo que exponen la capacidad que tiene la ciencia ficción para cuestionar nuestras sociedades a través de la diégesis, así como su potencialidad para cuestionarse la historia oficial mediante el extrañamiento que le permite su marco genérico.
Metamorfosis de España y la mujer o el 'Doble Esplendor' de Constancia de la Mora
Authors: Garcia Saiz Lorena
Published: March 2024

La autobiografía Doble Esplendor, de Constancia de la Mora, nos acerca desde la mirada de una mujer burguesa y acomodada a los principales acontecimientos políticos de España en las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo XX, en un tránsito donde el viraje político en el país va acompañado del personal de la protagonista, ya que De la Mora decide abrazar la causa republicana y defenderla hasta en el exilio. El artículo busca reivindicar su voz como testigo de excepción de una época que recogió en sus memorias —su única obra—que, paradójicamente, triunfaron en Estados Unidos tras su publicación, mientras que quedaron silenciadas en España hasta la democracia.
La representación cultural del abuelo franquista en las novelas 'Entre hienas' y 'El monarca de las sombras'
Authors: Sánchez Laguna María Ángeles
Published: March 2024

Desde la perspectiva “giro victimario” y usando la definición de postmemoria mi artículo analiza dos formas de representación cultural que coexisten en la literatura española en relación con la Guerra Civil y el Franquismo. Por una parte, la cultura del honor en El monarca de las sombras, que desde una perspectiva emocional da sentido a la historia familiar justificando al abuelo franquista. Por otra parte, la cultura de la victimidad en Entre hienas que está escrita desde una perspectiva ética, reparando el daño causado a las víctimas y cuya trama revela las implicaciones del abuelo con el franquismo y el nazismo.
La España “del medio” de Manuel Chaves Nogales. Una revisión de 'A sangre y fuego'
Authors: Fernández Martínez Lara
Published: March 2024

La tercera España defendida por unos y vilipendiada por otros, fue un concepto que rondó la sociedad española desde el siglo XIX, y que incluyó a autores de muy diversa índole, pero con una ideología común. El presente artículo pretende mostrar, a partir de una revisión de A sangre y fuego, que Manuel Chaves Nogales fue uno de los integrantes de esa denominada “tercera España”, gracias a su inclusión en el grupo del Nuevo Romanticismo.
Las voces de la delación: La cultura popular como lugar de memoria en 'El vado' y 'Mosén Millán' de Ramón J. Sender
Authors: Burgos Ballester Dolores
Published: March 2024

Bajo la dictadura, las ficciones narrativas que establecían memorias divergentes sobre la guerra civil, ajenas al discurso oficial franquista, eran solo posibles desde el exilio. Ramón J. Sender fue uno de estos escritores expatriados que problematizaron el poder, la traición y la venganza como claves de la lucha política. Nos proponemos analizar las voces de la delación a partir de los personajes perpetradores de El vado (1948) y Mosén Millán (1953). Con ello, pretendemos subrayar el proyecto literario senderiano de crear una memoria marginal a las historias oficiales que, como contrapeso, contaba con la atracción de la cultura popular.
¿Quién calló a Radclyffe Hall? La censura del lesbianismo en 'El pozo de la soledad'
Authors: Zaragoza Ninet Gora
Published: March 2024

El comportamiento de la censura franquista sigue suscitando importante interés académico. A trabajos clave sobre sus principios y reglamentos se suman otros que conectan censura, género y traducción, con el objetivo de dar a conocer el trabajo de escritoras españolas y foráneas que la censura franquista trató de acallar, así como de promover la recuperación de estos textos censurados, como es el caso de The Well of Loneliness, escrita por Radclyffe Hall en 1928 y que hoy día es considerada una de las biblias del lesbianismo de la literatura en lengua inglesa. Sin embargo, no abundan los trabajos que analizan a los censores de forma a establecer nexos entre estos y el comportamiento censor derivado de los informes de censura. En este trabajo indagamos sobre los actores que prohibieron la obra de Hall en España.
Novela y franquismo: narrativas periféricas y la periferia de la narrativa
Authors: Peris Llorca Jesús , Juárez Pinto Carla María
Published: March 2024

Presentación del monográfico "Novela y franquismo: narrativas periféricas y la periferia de la narrativa" coordinado por Jesús Peris Llorca y Carla María Juárez Pinto. Número dedicado a la memoria de Nuccio Ordine.
Distinctive whole-brain cell types predict tissue damage patterns in thirteen neurodegenerative conditions
Authors: Pak Veronika , Adewale Quadri , Bzdok Danilo , Dadar Mahsa , Zeighami Yashar , Iturria-Medina Yasser
Published: March 2024

For over a century, brain research narrative has mainly centered on neuron cells. Accordingly, most neurodegenerative studies focus on neuronal dysfunction and their selective vulnerability, while we lack comprehensive analyses of other major cell types’ contribution. By unifying spatial gene expression, structural MRI, and cell deconvolution, here we describe how the human brain distribution of canonical cell types extensively predicts tissue damage in 13 neurodegenerative conditions, including early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mutations in presenilin-1, and 3 clinical variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (behavioral variant, semantic and non-fluent primary progressive aphasia) along with associated three-repeat and four-repeat tauopathies and TDP43 proteinopathies types A and C. We reconstructed comprehensive whole-brain reference maps of cellular abundance for six major cell types and identified characteristic axes of spatial overlapping with atrophy. Our results support the strong mediating role of non-neuronal cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes, in spatial vulnerability to tissue loss in neurodegeneration, with distinct and shared across-disorder pathomechanisms. These observations provide critical insights into the multicellular pathophysiology underlying spatiotemporal advance in neurodegeneration. Notably, they also emphasize the need to exceed the current neuro-centric view of brain diseases, supporting the imperative for cell-specific therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration.
Assembly of neuron- and radial glial-cell-derived extracellular matrix molecules promotes radial migration of developing cortical neurons
Authors: Mubuchi Ayumu , Takechi Mina , Nishio Shunsuke , Matsuda Tsukasa , Itoh Yoshifumi , Sato Chihiro , Kitajima Ken , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Miyata Shinji
Published: March 2024

Radial neuronal migration is a key neurodevelopmental event for proper cortical laminar organization. The multipolar-to-bipolar transition, a critical step in establishing neuronal polarity during radial migration, occurs in the subplate/intermediate zone (SP/IZ), a distinct region of the embryonic cerebral cortex. It has been known that the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are enriched in the SP/IZ. However, the molecular constitution and functions of the ECM formed in this region remain poorly understood. Here, we identified neurocan (NCAN) as a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the mouse SP/IZ. NCAN binds to both radial glial-cell-derived tenascin-C (TNC) and hyaluronan (HA), a large linear polysaccharide, forming a ternary complex of NCAN, TNC, and HA in the SP/IZ. Developing cortical neurons make contact with the ternary complex during migration. The enzymatic or genetic disruption of the ternary complex impairs radial migration by suppressing the multipolar-to-bipolar transition. Furthermore, both TNC and NCAN promoted the morphological maturation of cortical neurons in vitro. The present results provide evidence for the cooperative role of neuron- and radial glial-cell-derived ECM molecules in cortical development.
Waterlogging in soil restricts the growth of Gleditsia sinensis seedlings and inhibits the accumulation of lignans and phenolic acids in thorns
Authors: Luo Zai-Qi , Shi Xiao-Qian , Wang Xian-Ying , Yang Qiu-Lan , Pan Xin , Pan Wen-Xia , Luo Chun-Li , Yu Shan-Shan , Zhou Wen-Wen , Ren Bin-Rui , Yi Yin , Zhang Xi-Min
Published: March 2024

Gleditsia sinensis, commonly known as Chinese Zaojiao, has important economic value and medicinal compounds in its fruits and thorns, making it widely cultivated artificially in China. However, the available literature on the impact of waterlogging on the growth of G. sinensis seedlings and the accumulation of metabolite compounds in its thorns is limited. To address this knowledge gap, G. sinensis seedlings were planted in soil supplemented with pindstrup substrate, which enhances the water-holding capacity of the soil. The analyses of morphological traits and nutrient elements in one-year-old G. sinensis seedlings grown naturally under ambient conditions and metabolite accumulation in its thorns were conducted. The results showed that the waterlogged soil significantly diminished the height, fresh weight, and dry weight of seedling roots and stems (P < 0.05). Furthermore, waterlogging hindered the uptake of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), as well as the transport of potassium (K). The identified metabolites within the thorns were categorized into 16 distinct groups. Relative to the control soil, fatty acids and derivatives were the most down-regulated metabolites in the waterlogged soil, accounting for 40.58% of the total metabolites, followed by lignans (38.71%), phenolic acids (34.48%), saccharides and alcohols (34.15%), steroids (16.67%), alkaloids (12.24%), flavonoids (9.28%), and glycerophospholipids (7.41%). Conversely, nucleotides and derivatives experienced the greatest up-regulation in the waterlogged soil, accounting for 50.00% of the total metabolites. In conclusion, waterlogging negatively impacted the growth of G. sinensis seedlings and inhibited the accumulation of metabolites. Hence, when considering the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as lignans and phenolic acids, appropriate management of soil moisture levels should be taken into account.
A Study on Groundwater Irrigation Expansion in Bihar, India
Authors: Sharma Yogita , Kumari Meera
Published: March 2024

Water use has increased by more than twice the rate of population growth over the past century. Although, there is worldwide water scarcity, an increasing number of areas are chronically short of water. There has been a substantial increase in irrigated areas in the last thirty -five years. The Net Irrigated Area (NIA) in Bihar has increased from 2808 thousand hectares in 1985 to 3083 thousand hectares in 2021. The total annual replenishable groundwater potential of Bihar has been estimated as 33.15 billion cubic meters (bcm) with an annual extraction of 13.50 bcm. The share of surface water is declining while groundwater is increasingly being used in crop production. A total of 11754 thousand hectares have been estimated as the ultimate irrigation potential in the state, including major, medium and minor irrigation schemes, utilizing both surface and groundwater. If the available potential is fully exploited, it can cover more than the total cultivated area of the state. Considering the interests of both present and future generations attention needs to be directed towards the sustainable use of groundwater and promoting various sources of surface water.
Challenges Facing Secondary School Teachers in Achieving Effective Job Performance: A Case Study of Meru District Council, Arusha Region
Authors: Matemba Godlove Barikiel
Published: March 2024

This study examines the challenges facing secondary school teachers in executing their duties for effective job performance through a qualitative case study design. The study participants were secondary school teachers, heads of schools, and the District Education Officer. A total of 111 respondents were involved, including 100 teachers, 10 heads of schools, and 1 District Education Officer. In collecting data, interview and focus group discussion (FGD) methods of data collection were used for the purpose of this study. The data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis. The study found teachers are burdened with several challenges, including but not limited to an unfriendly working environment, a shortage of teaching and learning materials, low achievement of students in science subjects, poor cooperation between parents and teachers, poor cooperation accorded by employers, a lack of overtime and/or housing allowances, and political influences on teaching and learning processes. The study concluded that teaching, apart from being a noble profession that prepares not only leaders but also champions of various fields, has grown to be forgotten. Thus, it is recommended that there are significant needs to shift priorities and attention towards the teaching profession. One key aspect highlighted is the need for better compensation and entitlements for teachers, including salaries, subsistence allowances, extra-time allowances, and access to teaching and learning materials. Moreover, addressing these challenges requires comprehensive support and tailored interventions from educational institutions, policymakers, and other stakeholders in the education sector.
Retrospective Analysis of Cancer Cervix at Awal Bros Batam Hospital in 2020-2022
Authors: Nurprilinda Marliana , Gultom Fajar Lamhot , Serevina Devy , Jenifer Debora
Published: March 2024

Aims: This research aims to determine the characteristics of cervical cancer patients at Awal Bros Hospital, Batam, in 2020-2022. It also aims to create awareness of vaccination. This research used medical records from a sample of 97 people.
Methodology: This research is non-experimental with a retrospective analytical descriptive design using secondary data from medical records of cervical cancer patients at Awal Bros Hospital, Batam, in 2020-2022 in August 2023. The sample in this study was selected from a population that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, namely 97 people. The research instrument used in this study was medical records of cervical cancer patients at Awal Bros Hospital, Batam, in 2020-2022. Data was processed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program with univariate tests. The analysis results will be presented as a frequency table and percentage diagram.
Results: From the research results, from the entire patient sample of 97 people aged 25-65 years, it was found that the highest percentage of cancer sufferers were aged 35-50 years, 54 people (55.7%), marital status was 96 people (99%), 51 people had a history of multiparity 3-4 times (52.6%), 49 people (50.5%) had a high school education, 72 people (74.2%) worked as housewives, 52 people had complaints of bleeding (53.6%), and 70 people had a histopathological picture of squamous cell carcinoma. (72.2%), the degree of differentiation was reasonable. As many as 43 people (44.3%)
Conclusion: This study concludes that cervical cancer patients at Awal Bros Batam Hospital in 2020-2022 were mainly aged 36-50 years, with marital status, married, a history of 3-4 times multiparity, had a high school education, and worked as a housewife. They had complaints of bleeding with histopathological features of squamous cell carcinoma and a good differentiation degree.
Evaluating the Climate Change Trends and Spatiotemporal Variations of Evapotranspiration: A Case Study in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Makar Randa S. , Li Shuo , Shahin Sahar A.
Published: March 2024

Aims: Evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for determining crop water requirements, while climate change and global warming are major concerns. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at evaluating the climate change trends and the spatiotemporal variations in ET in a selected area located in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, while accounting for potential land use/land cover (LULC) changes.
Methodology: We analyzed three Landsat images acquired in 1984, 2001, and 2020 to assess LULC changes in the study area. Climate change was studied from 1984 to 2021 using data from NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project. We also used the Terra MODIS MOD16A3GF Version 6.1 ET product from 2000 to 2021 to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations of ET.
Results: LULC change detection showed that the unchanged agricultural area from 1984 to 2020 accounted for 29.3% of the study area and was used to evaluate the changes of ET. Evaluating climate change revealed that there was an increased trend in temperature, relative humidity (RH), and precipitation, while no change was observed in wind speed. Similarly, the anomalies changes of temperature, RH, and precipitation had an increasing trend while wind speed was constant. On the other hand, the yearly ET values calculated from 2000 to 2021 had an increasing trend. There was a moderate correlation between RH and precipitation, as well as between ET and precipitation.
Conclusion: The increased trends in climatic parameters such as temperature will eventually require changes in crop patterns to adjust to these changes and maintain a profitable yield. Furthermore, the increase in ET will result in an increase in crop water requirements, which is problematic, especially considering the limited water resources in Egypt.
Understanding Maternal Nutrition Insights from Pregnant Women in Bamenda, Cameroon
Authors: Ranale Tsi Nsoh Faith , Garba Mary Chia , Ngoinangeh Fointama Emmanuel , Abah Ejoh Richard
Published: March 2024

The foundation for good physical health is good nutritional status. Nutritional status of pregnant women is directly affected by the foods they eat and their nutrient content. Nutritional knowledge is positively associated with diet quality. The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status and nutrition education knowledge of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Bamenda Health District (BHD). 

Study Design: This study was carried conducted in BHD in the North West Region of Cameroon, with pregnant women aged 13 to 49 years recruited from public hospitals.

Place and Duration of Study: BHD including (Bamenda Regional Hospital, Azire Integrated Health centre, Atuakom Integrated Health Centre, Ntambag Integrated Health Centre) between April 2022 to September 2022.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study carried out in four health facilities BHD. Random sampling technique was done to target the sample size of 354 pregnant women. A questionnaire was developed to collect socio-demographic information and clinical records of the pregnant women. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical and dietary assessments of the women were determined using standard techniques. Data collected was analysed by MS excel and SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Results were considered at significance level P ≤ 0.05. 

Results: The mean age of the study population was 26.4±5.5years and the average intake of servings of meals per day was suboptimal in the consumption of vegetables (2±1.9), fruits (0.6± 1.3) and milk (0.4 ±0.6) food groups. Women consumed diets that met less than 50% of energy needs. There exists a significant difference in mean energy requirements 1828.8 ± 152.9 Kcal compared to mean energy intake 1192.0 ± 344.6 Kcal which is below the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) of 2400 kcal for pregnant women. Ignorance still existed in dietary knowledge and 18.1% of the women were anaemic. 

Conclusion: There was an overall suboptimal approach to dietary intake among the pregnant women, inadequate food intake, poor food choices and limited healthy dietary knowledge. Thus pregnant women in BHD still need more access to information on dietary information.
Concept and Assessment Methodology of Soil Quality: A Review
Authors: Sepehya Swapana , Mehta Dixit , Kumar Anil , Sharma Rakesh , Sharma Deepa , Sharma Ankita
Published: March 2024

Soil analysis is commonly used to gauge its quality and suitability for diverse purposes from local to national evaluations. However, the complexity of soils, their site-specific traits, past land use impacts, and balancing ecosystem benefits pose significant challenges in identifying relevant parameters and interpreting measurements. This manuscript comprehensively reviews and examines the concept and assessment methodologies of soil quality. It is evaluated to learn about the effects of management practices on soil function. Sustainability of agriculture system is inwardly linked to maintenance of soil quality. Therefore, soil quality assessment is of paramount importance to know the appropriate management practices to be adopted for sustainable crop production. By just measuring yield of crop, quality of water or any other, soil quality cannot be judged. As we know, soil have different properties (chemical, physical and biological), that interact in a precipitously manner to give, soil its capacity to perform or function. Thus, soil capacity can be surmised from measuring changes in its properties or of ecosystem’ sattributes and cannot be measured directly. Assessment of Soil quality composed of three key steps (1) Selection, measurement and minimization of the set of relevant soil attributes. (2) Quantification of the selected soil attributes through direct measurement and assigning an appropriate Score. (3) Integration among the scored attributes to construct the final index, by providing criteria for defining the weight of each attribute or group of attributes. Soil quality assessment will allow interpreter to identify the attributes which are most significant, quantify the relative contribution of soil properties and subsequently assess the overall quality of soils. The review study aims to inspire researchers by integrating a detailed information on soil quality assessment and promoting the sustainable practices in preservation and enhancement of soil quality.
Assessment of Prevelance and Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers with Infants Aged under Six Months in Wadajir District, Banadir Region, Somalia
Authors: Abdirahman Madina Ali , Mogere Dominic , Musotsi Anne Aswani , Omoto Alloysius Luambo
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that include ending hunger and improving nutrition, preventing child mortality, and lowering the risk of non-communicable diseases, and promoting cognitive development and education are among the many that breastfeeding is essential to achieving including SDG 2, ending hunger and improving nutrition; SDG 3, preventing child mortality. By 2025, the World Health Organization's (WHO) global nutrition targets to increase at least 50% of infants under six months old to exclusively breastfeed (EBF).

Objective: To assess knowledge, determinants and measure prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged below six months in Wadajir district, Banadir region- Somalia.

Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was applied. Systematic sampling method was used to include mothers with infants aged less than 6 months in search of healthcare in Wadajir health center-mother and child health clinic. Study period was August to September 2023.  Close ended structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered into SPSS, multiple analysis was   used to correlate independent variables like cultural barriers, maternal barriers, policy barriers, health system barriers with dependent variable of exclusive breastfeeding.

Results: The study population comprised 353 mothers; about 65% were aged 25 to 35 years and 76% of them were housewives. The study established that 65% of mothers in Wadajir district who visited the health facility during study period were practicing exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. On Knowledge, More than half (59%) of the mothers were not aware of the duration of EBF and there was a correlation between EBF and mother education level (P=0.213). there was no relationship between maternal determinants of EBF and low rates of EBF. There was statistically significant correlation (P=0.199) between EBF and the number of pregnancies. Because of having frequent and close pregnancy outweigh EBF and overall breastfeeding, and infant care.

Conclusion: There is poor knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Wadajir district, Somalia. Maternal education, the number of children, the place of delivery, and the educational attainment were all found to be related to exclusive breastfeeding.
Fragile State Index Assessment of Economic, Defence and Administrative Conflicts Endangering States in Indonesia: An Econometric Study
Authors: Rahman Ilyasin Aditya , Suharsih Sri , Waluyo Joko
Published: March 2024

Indonesia's vast territory is a challenge to maintaining its territorial sovereignty. Conflict is difficult to predict so it is necessary to anticipate risks. According to the results of research conducted by the Fragile States Index in 2019, Indonesia is ranked in the third country in the worrying category. A need for a strategy in the event of risk of conflict or probability of war occurring so that the Indonesian economy can be properly recovered considering a conflict is an uncertainty that is difficult to predict in the future. The purpose of this study is to determine in terms of the risk of conflict in ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Timor Leste, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam), ANZUS (Australia and New Zealand), United States of America and China which has an impact on Indonesia's economic stability. A need to make a conflict risk assessment in mitigating the occurrence of conflict in Indonesia. The analysis tool used is quantitative descriptive using Cross Tab analysis and Heat Map Risk. This study used secondary data for comparison of military and economic strength. The interesting findings in this study of Indonesia's population turned out to have a high influence on the country's vulnerability considering that Indonesia has ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity. Therefore, Indonesia needs to mitigate risks in the event of conflict so that in realizing the projection of Indonesia becoming the 5th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) country in the world in 2045 can be realized properly. The conclusion of this study Population, GDP, Official Exchange Rate, and Real Interest Rate against the Fragile States Index in Indonesia are included in High condition which means that serious conditions must be given immediate attention to minimize conflict.
One‐Dimensional SDS Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins
Authors: Gallagher Sean R.
Published: May 2007

Electrophoresis is used to separate complex mixtures of proteins (e.g., from cells, subcellular fractions, column fractions, or immunoprecipitates), to investigate subunit compositions, and to verify homogeneity of protein samples. It can also serve to purify proteins for use in further applications. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins migrate in response to an electrical field through pores in a polyacrylamide gel matrix; pore size decreases with increasing acrylamide concentration. The combination of pore size and protein charge, size, and shape determines the migration rate of the protein. In this unit, the standard Laemmli method is described for discontinuous gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, that is, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Both full‐size and minigel formats are detailed. Several modifications are provided for specific applications. For separation of peptides and small proteins, the standard buffers are replaced with either a Tris‐tricine buffer system or a modified Tris buffer in the absence of urea. Continuous SDS‐PAGE is a simplified method in which the same buffer is used for both the gel and electrode solutions and the stacking gel is omitted. Other protocols cover the preparation and use of ultrathin gels and gradient gels, and the simultaneous preparation of multiple gels.
Measurement of T and B Cell Turnover with Bromodeoxyuridine
Authors: Tough David F. , Sprent Jonathan , Stephens Geoffrey L.
Published: May 2007

This unit describes two methods used to determine the rate of turnover of T and B cells in vivo. In each method, this is accomplished by administering 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog, and measuring the rate at which cells become labeled with this DNA precursor during the S phase of the cell cycle. Cells that contain BrdU are then detected in vitro using fluorochrome‐labelled anti‐BrdU monoclonal antibody by flow cytometry. The unit includes an Alternate Protocol that may be useful in situations where the Basic Protocol proves incompatible with particular antibody‐fluorochrome conjugates or other downstream staining procedures. Using this procedure, a wide range of antibody‐fluorochrome combinations can be used.
Measurement of Peptide Dissociation from MHC Class II Molecules
Authors: Chaves Francisco A. , Sant Andrea J.
Published: May 2007

This unit describes a method of measuring the kinetic stability of complexes formed between purified MHC class II molecules and antigenic N‐terminal fluorescein‐labeled peptides. An HPLC‐SEC allows for the separation of fluoresceinated MHC class II:peptide complexes from excess free dissociating peptides, while the fluorescence detector allows for the quantification of the remaining complexes throughout the dissociation time‐course.
Soret‐modified hydrocarbon mass transport across compressed nonisothermal gases
Authors: Rosner Daniel E. , Arias‐Zugasti Manuel
Published: May 2007

While engineering methods employed to predict mass transport rates across carrier fluids are often limited to either ideal gas mixtures or constant density liquids, we deal here with species mass transport across nonisothermal compressed gas “films”, with special reference to hydrocarbon fuel vapor transport across nonisothermal N2 or H2O boundary layers at pressures up to ca. 300 atm, and at temperatures often above 1000 K. We show that because of the pressure sensitivity of the Soret factor (which quantifies the relative importance of mass transfer due to temperature gradients compared to that due to concentration gradients) mass transfer coefficients become far more sensitive to pressure level than would have been anticipated from the pressure sensitivity of ρD. Motivated, in part, by combustion applications, we first examine the expected pressure dependence of the binary Soret factor, αT,12 for each of the n‐alkanes (CH4 to C20H42) dilute in compressed N2 or H2O, exploiting a rational formulation for “correcting” Chapman‐Enskog‐derived Soret factors (α) to higher pressures based on the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes (TIP) combined with a Virial Equation of State (VES). Our TIP‐VES‐predicted Soret factors are used to demonstrate the pressure sensitivity of expected “Soret‐modified” mass transfer coefficients (Sherwood numbers) for the illustrative case of C12H26(g) transport across N2(g) at temperature ratios between 0.3 (“cold”‐wall) and 2.0 (“hot”‐wall) at pressures up to 300 atm. Because of the growing importance of compact, high‐pressure systems in fields beside combustion, including supercritical fluid extraction and even distillation, our present results suggest that reliable mass transfer rate predictions in nonisothermal dense vapor systems of engineering importance will generally require systematic inclusion of non‐Fickian molecular mass transport. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des reinen Hexans
Authors: Jaffé George
Published: May 2007

Arbeitsplan. – Die elektrische Meßmethode. – Das Reinigungsverfahren. – Versuchsergebnisse. – Die äußere Strahlung. – Einfluß der Feldstärke. – Einfluß der Feldrichtung. Aufladung. – Einfluß der Temperatur. – Einfluß der Gefäßwände. Strahlung gewöhnlicher Materialien. – Erzwungene Leitfähigkeit. – Ausblick. – Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse.
Erneute Absolutmessung des Energieverbrauches bei der Ionisierung von Argon durch Röntgenstrahlen
Authors: Gaertner Otto
Published: May 2007

Unter anderen Bedingungen wie in früheren Messungen ergibt sich trotzdem innerhalb der Meßfehler der damalige Wert und zwar 28,4 ± 0,5 statt 28,8 ± 1 Volt pro Ionenpaar. Unter Zugrundelegung der von Crowther und vom Verfasser gemessenen relativen Ionisierung von Luft und Argon ergibt sich daraus für Luft ϵ = 35,2 Volt (Gaertner) bzw. ϵ = 37,5 Volt (Crowther)

Ann. bei der Korr.: Aus einer soeben abgeschlossenen Untersuchung der relativen Ionisierung von 12 Gasen ergibt sich unzweideutig, daß Crowther gerade das Verhältnis \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{^\varepsilon {\rm Luft}}}{{^\varepsilon {\rm Argon}}} $\end{document} falsch gemessen hat.

Die Abweichung gegen den von Eisl angegebenen und heute allgemein angenommenen Wert ϵ = 32,2 ± 0,5 Volt liegt demnach außerhalb der Meßfehler. Eine mögliche Deutung für den Unterschied wird gegeben.
Zur Dispersion des kristallisierten und glasigen Quarzes
Authors: Engl J.
Published: May 2007

Es wird eine zweigliedrige Formel für die Dispersion der Refraktion von kristallinem und glasigem Quarz im Gebiete des sichtbaren und ultravioletten Spektrums angegeben und diskutiert.
Über Absorption in Dipolflüssigkeiten im Gebiet von 3‐7 m Wellenlänge
Authors: Keutner Erwin
Published: May 2007

Übersicht: A. Einleitung und Problemstellung. ‐ B. Beschreibung der Apparatur: a) Der Sender; b) Der Empfangskreis; 1. Das Absorptionsgefäß; 2. Das Strommeßinstrument; c) Fehlerbetrachtung. ‐ C. Besondere Fehlerquellen. ‐ D. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse: a) Die zur Auswertung notwendigen Formeln; b) Diskussion der Ergebnisse; Vergleich mit anderen Beobachtern. ‐ E. Zusammenfassung.
Zur spezifischen Wärme der Metallelektronen
Authors: Sommerfeld A.
Published: May 2007

Ein Bericht über den heutigen theoretischen und experimentellen Stand des Problems, der zwar gegenüber den einschlägigen Spezialarbeiten keine eigentlich neuen Gesichtspunkte bringt, aber wegen der Grundsätzlichkeit und Einfachheit des Gegenstandes manchem willkommen sein mag.
Zur Sondentheorie in Gasen bei hohen Drucken
Authors: Borgnis F.
Published: May 2007

Der Zusammenhang zwischen Sondenspannung U einer ebenen Sonde im Plasma, Sondenstromdichte i und „Schichtdicke”︁ d wird unter der Voraussetzung untersucht, daß die Zusammenstöße der Träger mit den Gasmolekülen innerhalb der Schicht wesentlich sind. Es wird versucht, gewisse qualitative Vorstellungen über das Übergangsgebiet zwischen ungestörtem Plasma und der eigentlichen Schicht zu gewinnen. Die Ergebnisse werden auf den Fall eines Quecksilberdampfplasmas angewandt. Es zeigt sich, daß der gesuchte Zusammenhang hier größenordnungsmäßig gegeben wird durch die Beziehung:

(l Beweglichkeit, Δ allgemeine Dielektrizitätskonstante).
Die Struktur des 33 D‐Termes des Magnesiums Mg I
Authors: Meißner K. W.
Published: May 2007

Die mit einem Magnesiumatomstrahl als Lichtquelle gewonnenen Präzisions‐Wellenlängenwerte des Triplets der II.N. S., ν = 33P–4 3S, und des bisher nur unvollständig bekannten Triplets der I. N. S., ν = 33P–33D liefern neben einem genauen Wert der 33 P‐Aufspaltung die Struktur und die Aufspaltung des 33D‐Termes. Der Term ist partiell verkehrt, D2 > D3 > D1, und die Aufspaltungen sind, verglichen mit den 3P‐Aufspaltungen, abnorm klein:

Zwei der zu erwartenden drei Satelliten, die bisher von den entsprechenden Hauptlinien nicht zu trennen waren, konnten beobachtet und gemessen werden.
Stromleitung durch Konvektion und Diffusion in zylindrischen Anordnungen
Authors: Borgnis F.
Published: May 2007

Das angegebene Problem wird unter strenger Berücksichtigung der Diffusion behandelt. Für den Sonderfall verschwindender Feldstärke an einer Elektrode werden Näherungslösungen angegeben, die bei nicht zu kleinen Strömen und Radien in vielen Fällen als genügend genau gelten können.
Über den Einfluß der Ionisation und Dissoziation auf die spezifische Wärme
Authors: Möglich F. , Riewe K.‐H. , Rompe R.
Published: May 2007

Die Berechnungsmethoden der spezifischen Wärme, die bisher eine mögliche Dissoziation oder Ionisation unberücksichtigt ließen, werden unter Benutzung der entsprechenden Zustandssummen auf solche Temperatur‐ und Druckbereiche ausgedehnt, in denen Ionisationen und Dissoziationen auftreten. Bei der Berechnung ergibt sich ein ausgeprägtes Maximum der spezifischen Wärme ungefähr ber der Temperatur, bei der der Ionisations‐ bzw. Dissoziationsgrad 0,6 beträgt. Als Beispiele werden die spezifischen Wärmen von Wasserstoff für die beiden Vorgänge H2 → 2 H und H → H+, sowie von Quecksilber für die ersten Ionisationsstufen berechnet und gezeichnet. Schließlich wird ein Anwendung der Theorie auf die spezifische Wärme von Halbleitern gegeben. Es wird gezeigt, daß die eigenartige Form des Verlaufes der spezifischen Wärme es unter Umständen gestattet, die spezifische Wärme des Elektronengases in Halbleitern direkt nachzuweisen.
Zur Thermodynamik der Sauerstoff‐Stickstoff‐Gemische
Authors: Fischer V.
Published: May 2007

Aufstellung der Gleichgewichtsbedingungen für das Flüssigkeits‐ und Dampfgemisch. Vergleich der Berechnung der Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen mittels der Fugazitäten von G. N. Lewis und der vom Verfasser entwickelten Größen. Diagramm für die Werte von p′s0 und p′sn. Bestimmung der Mischungscharakteristiken π0 und πn unter Benutzung der Versuchswerte für die Gleichgewichtsisothermen von B. F. Dodge und A. K. Dunbar. Diagramm für die Werte von v0 und vn. Berechnung der Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen der Sauerstoff‐Stickstoffgemische unter Benutzung beider Diagramme. Tabelle der Werte für die Gleichgewichtsisothermen von − 190°C bis ‐ 148°C. t, z‐Diagramm der Gleichgewichtsisobaren von 1‐20 Atm. Ableitung der Zustandsgrößen der Gemische, wenn eine derselben gegeben ist, mittels allgemeiner thermodynamischer Beziehungen.