bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of the Aorta in CTA Images Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: BOZKIR Ömer Faruk , BUDAK Abdulkadir , KARATAS Hakan , CEYLAN Murat
Published: February 2023

Doctors manually segmenting patient CT images is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, classic image processing techniques are insufficient in non-contrast CT images because the pixel values of tissues are very close. Automatic segmentation of the aorta in human anatomy can be a useful clinical application that can help reduce the workload of healthcare workers in preoperative planning. In this study, the segmentation of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and iliac arteries in contrast and non-contrast CT images was performed using U-Net, U-Net attention, and Inception U-Netv2 segmentation models. First, 2D axial images were extracted from all datasets. Preprocessing such as resizing, gray level normalization and histogram equalization were applied to the resulting axial images. The edge structures of the aortic structure were determined using the Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (Clahe) method. Then, 5-Fold Cross Validation was applied to the segmentation models to perform training and test operations. The resulting 2D sections from the test were merged to make a 3D structure and the spatial coordinate information of the original image was transferred to the predicted mask. The 3D image was improved by removing small objects incorrectly defined as negative around the 3D aortic segmentation obtained. In this study, the test results obtained from the Dongyang and KITS dataset, a U-Net model gave a 89.5% Dice, 81.0% IoU, 86.9% sensitivity, and 99% specificity score, a U-Net attention model gave a 89.7% Dice, 81.3% IoU, 87.3% sensitivity and 99% specificity score and Inception U-Netv2 model gave a 90.4% Dice, 82.7% IoU, 89.1% sensitivity and 99% specificity score. The Inception U-Netv2 model gave the highest predictive segmentation results.
The Structure of Public Education Expenditure and Economic Development: A Granger Causality Analysis
Authors: Longlong Zhao
Published: February 2023

Clarifying the Granger causal relationship between the structure of public education expenditure and economic development is an essential prerequisite for optimizing the structure of public education expenditure. Based on the time series data released by the World Bank, this article takes the structure of public education expenditure in Sweden, Denmark and France as the primary objects. With the help of the Granger causality test and the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Granger causal relationship between primary education expenditure, secondary education expenditure, tertiary education expenditure and economic development rate (annually) have been analyzed in detail. The correlation between various levels of public education expenditure is analyzed. Finally, particular policy suggestions were put forward to optimize the hierarchical structure of public education expenditure and perfect the national economic development.
Job runtime prediction of HPC cluster basedon PC-Transformer
Authors: chen fengxian
Published: February 2023

Job scheduling of high performance cluster has been generally achieved using the job scheduling system. The efficiency of job scheduling can be significantly increased by filling accurate job runtime. To increase the accuracy of prediction, it is necessary to use job category information that is acquired by clustering job logs. After the data are sorted out, Transformer with plain connection in accordance with attention mechanism is adopted to predict job runtime. For data processing, 6-dimensional features are selected from the historical log datasets, inaccordance with the correlation with job runtime, the integrity of the features and the validity of data. The datasets are divided into multiple job sets in accordance with the length of the job runtime, each job set will be trained and predicted respectively. As revealed by the results, the proposed method exhibits better prediction performance and achieves, an average accuracy of 0.892 on the HPC2N, with 15.2% MAPE. Furthermore, the proposed time embedding method shows obvious advantages in training time and prediction performance, suggesting that the proposed model can be employed in the actual scheduling environment.
Digital, nachhaltig, gerecht
Authors: Sliwka Anne , Klopsch Britta , Deinhardt Lea
Published: February 2023

Die Welt wird zunehmend digital und komplexer. Dies hat zur Folge, dass Routinetätigkeiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt immer weniger gefragt sind, während interaktive, kreativ-gestaltende und kognitiv-analytische Tätigkeiten zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen (Levy und Murnane 2005). Gleichzeitig offenbaren internationale Vergleichsstudien wie PISA (OECD 2014) oder IGLU (Bos et al. 2017) in Deutschland bereits seit 20 Jahren ein Problem, das als chronisch bezeichnet werden kann: Etwa ein Fünftel aller Lernenden erreicht die Mindestkompetenzstandards in den Basiskompetenzen Lesen, Schreiben und Rechnen nicht, wobei insbesondere Schüler:innen in sozioökonomisch deprivierten Lagen gefährdet sind. Das Ziel unseres Bildungssystems, allen Kindern und Jugendlichen langfristig eine selbstbestimmte Teilhabe am ökonomischen, politischen und kulturellen Leben der Gesellschaft zu ermöglichen, wird dementsprechend verfehlt. Zurückzuführen ist die hohe Anzahl von Schüler:innen, die das Bildungsminimum nicht erreichen, unter anderem auf die mangelnde Adaptivität des schulischen Bildungsangebots. Wie die Nutzung digitaler Möglichkeiten insbesondere im Sinne der Teilhabegerechtigkeit aussehen kann, soll in diesem Beitrag im Vordergrund stehen. Vorgestellt wird eine strategische Kernroutine für mehr individuelle Unterstützung an Schulen. Die Kernroutine beginnt mit einer digitalen Lernstandserhebung, auf die evidenzbasierte und passgenaue Förderangebote aufbauen.
Regeneration of chromate galvanic solutions in membrane electrochemical devices
Authors: Serdiuk V. , Sklabinskyi V. , Bolshanina S. , Ochowiak M. , Radchenko A. , Babenko O. , Kharchenko Y.
Published: February 2023

The regeneration processes of industry technological passivating baths of electrochemical cadmium lines and electrochemical galvanizing lines as an applied result of two-chamber membrane cation-exchange electrochemical devices researched. Actual industrial passivation baths of cadmium and zinc galvanic coatings applied as anode chambers. The cathode chamber contained sulfuric acid 1 % solution and a titanium cathode (BT-0). A window was cut in one of the walls with a RALEX®CM-PES 11-66 cation exchange membrane placed in it. The lead (С-0) was used as the anode. A comparative analysis of the performance of these technological baths before and after the using cation exchange membrane electrochemical devices was carried out. As a result of long-term experimental studies, the ecological and economic feasibility of their use was proven
Water Savings and Performance of ‘KSUZ 0802’ Hybrid Zoysiagrass in Response to Irrigation Strategy
Authors: Chhetri Manoj , Fry Jack D. , Kennelly Megan M. , Bremer Dale J. , Chandra Ambika , Eads Justin
Published: February 2023

Irrigation methods that can minimize water use are needed, and the performance of recently released ‘KSUZ 0802’ hybrid zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella × Zoysia japonica) has not been evaluated under such management. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in Manhattan, KS, and Dallas, TX, USA, to compare the amount of water applied and ‘KSUZ 0802’ performance and recovery resulting from irrigation using the following: 1) routine irrigation (1.2 inches/week), 2) evapotranspiration (ET)-based irrigation (60% of reference ET), 3) soil moisture sensor (SMS)-based irrigation, and 4) no irrigation. The experiment was conducted under a rainout shelter in Kansas from 15 Jul to 27 Sep 2019 and 8 Jun to 19 Oct 2020, and in Texas the experiment was conducted under open field conditions from 22 Jun to 9 Sep 2020. The SMS-based irrigation method in Kansas reduced water application by 68% and 52%, respectively, compared with routine or ET-based irrigation. In Texas, the corresponding water savings were 29% and 13%, respectively. The water savings discrepancy was mainly due to differences in local weather conditions and irrigation demand. Visual turf quality of turf receiving SMS-based irrigation remained above the minimally acceptable level throughout the study in Kansas, whereas in Texas, turf quality declined below acceptable level after 2 weeks. In Kansas, turf retained acceptable quality for more than 21 days with no irrigation, and after rewatering, nonirrigated turf recovered back to significant green cover (93% in 2019 and 67% in 2020). ‘KSUZ 0802’ demonstrated good drought tolerance and recovery in Kansas.
Statistical Features of Georadar Signals Obtained by Probing Horizontal Layered Media in Permafrost
Authors:   N. V. Chersky Mining Institute of the North of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Sokolov Kirill Olegovich
Published: February 2023

Relevance. To study the structure and properties of rock masses in the permafrost zone, such a method of geophysics as ground penetrating radar is successfully used. The existing methods of GPR measurements make it possible to obtain large volumes of reliable data on the layered structure of permafrost rocks. The methodological support for processing and interpreting data is developed much worse. Thus, manual and semi-automatic methods are used to identify the in-phase axes of georadar signals confined to the boundaries of rock layers, which significantly slows down the process of cameral work. Existing methods for automating the selection of in-phase axes of georadar signals do not always successfully cope with this task, since the statistical characteristics of georadar traces obtained by probing a horizontally layered media are very variable. The purpose of the research is to establish the statistical features of georadar signals that form the in-phase axes obtained by probing horizontally layered media in permafrost. Research methods – statistical analysis of the results of field georadar measurements in the Anabar region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at the site of the Mayat diamond deposit (AO Almazy Anabara) using the GPR OKO ABDL-Triton. Conclusions. The research of the amplitude characteristics of GPR signals that form the in-phase axes showed the presence of a random component, which significantly affects the recorded GPR wave field. Using the results of field measurements of horizontally layered media as an example, a change with increasing depth of the main statistical characteristics, as well as the distribution of amplitude values (normal–uniform–normal) was established. The results obtained will be very useful both in interpreting georadar measurement data and in improving the accuracy of modeling the propagation of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves in horizontally layered media, and can also be used to refine the previously developed model of a georadar section of a frozen rock mass.
Geological bases and types of gold in carbonate deposits of the Birimian stage in West Africa
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Billy Nankoum Cissoko
Published: February 2023

Relevance. The Paleoproterozoic region of the West African craton (WAC) includes numerous world-class gold deposits. These deposits are located in belts of volcanic and volcanic-sedimentary Birimian greenstone rocks. Gold mineralization of the orogenic type is spatially, chronologically, and genetically associated with the compression stage in the northwest and southeast. Several deposits are located in more or less unaltered and deformed zones west of Côte d’Ivoire (Guinea) and the Keniba–Kedugou Senegal-Mali salient. To date, the role of this type of rocks from the standpoint of the model of “local structural traps” for hydrothermal and (or) metamorphogenic gold-bearing fluids remains underestimated. The purpose of the research. The purpose and objectives of the research are to study and reveal the relationship of precious metal mineralization with regional and provincial geotectonic events, igneous and volcanic rock complexes of different ages, types of metamorphic and metasomatic transformation of ore-bearing rocks and types of ores within the West African Сraton. Particular attention is paid to the origin and location of gold mineralization in the carbonate formations of the lower (early) Birimian dating up to 2.12 billion years. Conclusions. The author demonstrates the differences between the Proterozoic gold mineralization of the preorogenic and, in fact, orogenic stages of the geological development of West Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana) from modern regional-geological, geohistorical and metallogenic positions. The results of our own research have shown and proved the endogenous nature of the precious metal mineralization of the region. This is especially important for gold ores in sedimentary carbonate strata, which for a long time were considered syngenetic (placer).
Study of the remains of the southern elephant Archidiskodon merdionalis gromovi in alluvial deposits of the lower reaches of the Ural River (Zhaiyk)
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Berliguzhin Maksot Tynyshtykovich
Published: February 2023

Relevance. The first scientific data on the remains in the region of Western Kazakhstan in the Pleistocene period date back to the 18th century. According to the literature data, the presence of large animal fossils in the Ural (Zhaiyk) River has been known since Pallas’ journey (1786), when it was first established that the bones of the first bison and mammoths were often washed out from the banks of the Ural (Zhaiyk) River. The well-preserved remains of elephants make it possible to determine the systematic state of the finds. A lot of work has been done on fossil elephants of the Eurasian mammoth line, including the analysis of those adjacent to the Ural River (Zhaiyk).During the excavation of a quarry in the lower reaches of the Ural (Zhaiyk) river, a fossil skeleton of an elephant Archidiskon merdionalis gromovi was discovered. Reconstruction and study of the found bones confirmed that the find is an almost complete skeleton of an elephant belonging to the genus Archidiskodon.The purpose of the research is to take measurements of all found bones and identify the individual age of specimens of Archidiskodon merdionalis gromovi in the territory of Western Kazakhstan according to surveys from the locality of the village of Yaik. Reseacrh methodology. The article describes the specific location in the lower reaches of the Ural River (Zhaiyk) of the skeleton of the southern elephant Archidiskodon merdionalis gromovi. Measurements of all the found bones were taken and the bones found from other localities were compared. Results. Due to lack of material, there are no precise criteria for determining the individual age of A. meridionalis specimens based on tooth development, wear generation, succession, and wear stages. However, these data have been collected for modern elephants and successfully used to determine the age of the southern elephant Archidiskon merdionalis gromovi in the lower Ural River (Zhayik), which should be between 28 and 32 years old. According to the diameter of the cross section of the tusk (216 mm), the nature of the change of teeth, the average size of the long bones of the limbs, and the degree of their fusion with the epiphyses, we believe that A. meridionalis can be unambiguously identified. Conclusions. The studied skeleton of A. meridionalis of the southern elephant Archidiskon merdionalis gromovi in the lower reaches of the Ural River (Zhaiyk) includes most of the large postcranial bones (except for the distal bones of the limbs, sternum, and caudal vertebrae). This is the second discovery of an almost complete A. meridionalis skeleton found in the region, a rare event in the history of fossil elephant paleontology.
Popcorn Polymers in Butadiene Extraction Units
Authors: Alsaadi Osama
Published: February 2023

Several aspects disturb operation of industrial facilities which can cause severe impact on their efficiency and productivity. In some cases, the impact can expose industrial facilities to serious safety concerns. Therefore, Industrial facilities should always plan to invest in reliability and sustainability of their daily operation. Polymerization is one of the unavoidable risks that can be unpredictable and cause several issues to operating facilities. On the other hand, effective proactive plans can be addressed to minimize and eliminate polymerization risks. This article provides introductory information about polymerization of butadiene “Popcorn polymers”, formation mechanism, associated hazard, control and mitigation methodologies.
Intertwining orbital current order and superconductivity in kagome metal
Authors: Yang Hyeok-Jun , Kim Hee Seung , Jeong Min Yong , Kim Yong Baek , Han Myung Joon , Lee SungBin
Published: February 2023

The nature of superconductivity in newly discovered kagome materials,
AV_33Sb_55
(A = K, Rb, Cs), has been a subject of intense debate. Recent
experiments suggest the presence of orbital current order on top of the
charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Since the orbital
current order breaks time-reversal symmetry, it may fundamentally affect
possible superconducting states. In this work, we investigate the mutual
influence between the orbital current order and superconductivity in
kagome metal with characteristic van Hove singularity (vHS). By
explicitly deriving the Landau-Ginzburg theory, we classify possible
orbital current order and superconductivity. It turns out that distinct
unconventional superconductivities are expected, depending on the
orbital current ordering types. Thus, this information can be used to
infer the superconducting order parameter when the orbital current order
is identified and vice versa. We also discuss possible experiments that
may distinguish such superconducting states coexisting with the orbital
current order.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood phobic anxiety disorder
Authors: Kharisma Putu Anastasia , Ardani I Gusti Ayu Indah , Windiani I Gusti Ayu Trisna , Adnyana I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha
Published: February 2023

About 50% of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients are symptomatic and affected by psychosocial factors. Anxiety can cause GERD through the brain-gut-axis mechanism. A female patient, aged 6 years, was consulted by the Psychiatry Department with complaints of fear. The patient said she was afraid to go to the doctor for fear of tooth extraction. The patient said she had been hospitalized several times because of nausea and vomiting. The patient did not dare to eat for fear that her teeth would hurt again. About 4 months ago the patient was hit by a swing in kindergarten which caused her gums to swell, bleed, and her front teeth were loose and broken. Then the patient was invited to the dentist at the public health centre. The patient's mother said that at that time the patient was scared when her teeth were extracted and it was still bleeding. The patient ran out of the dentist's office and cried. After being forced by her mother, the patient eventually resumed treatment. Then when she got home the patient did not want to eat or drink. Then a few days after that the patient had nausea and vomiting.
effect of self-efficacy on performance with mediation of affective commitment in vocational schools throughout West Kalimantan
Authors: Fauzan Rizky , Daud Ilzar , Kalis Maria Cristiana Iman , Lianto Lianto , Rustam Rustam
Published: February 2023

Quantitative approach, survey technique, analysis of statistical test data Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-SEM) Wrappls version 7, questionnaire data collection tool and documentation, population of 3,999 and sample of 254 teachers, 29 public and private SMKs, research locations (3) hinterland districts: Sanggau, Sekadau, Landak districts; (3) coastal districts: Sambas, Mempawah and Kuburaya districts; (2) the city of Pontianak and the city of Singkawang. From the results of the study it was found that self-efficacy towards affective commitment has a positive and significant effect, the hypothesis is in a unidirectional relationship and is able to enhance each other; Affective commitment to achievement is positive and significant, has a one-way relationship and is able to improve; self-efficacy on achievement through affective commitment has a positive and significant effect, the hypothesis is in a unidirectional relationship and is able to enhance each other. From this investigation it has been able to foster a new model of affective commitment and the development of the concept of achievement in SMKs throughout West Kalimantan.
Effects of a Smartphone App on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Saudi Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shatwan Israa M , Alhefani Rabab  S , Bukhari Mawadah F , Hanbazazah Danah A , Srour Jumanah K , Surendran Shelini , Aljefree Najlaa M , Almoraie Noha M
Published: February 2023

Background

Dietary patterns and nutritional status during adolescence have a direct effect on future health outcomes.

Objective

This study aimed to promote fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents using a smartphone app called MyPlate.

Methods

This randomized intervention study was conducted in an urban area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We included 104 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, who were randomized into intervention (n=55) or control (n=49) arms. We examined the effects of MyPlate on fruit and vegetable intake over 6 weeks in the intervention group. Pre- and postintervention questionnaires were used in the intervention and control groups.

Results

The control group showed a significant increase in fruit consumption scores between baseline (1.15, SD 0.68) and postintervention (1.64, SD 0.98; P=.01), but no significant difference in vegetable consumption scores was observed before (1.44, SD 0.97) and after intervention (1.55, SD 0.90; P=.54). However, there was no significant difference between scores at baseline and after 6 weeks of using the smartphone app for fruit (1.48, SD 0.99 and 1.70, SD 1.11, respectively; P=.31) or vegetables (1.50, SD 0.97 and 1.43, SD 1.03, respectively; P=.30) in the intervention group. Our findings showed no significant impact of using a smartphone app on fruit and vegetable consumption.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that a smartphone app did not significantly improve fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05692765; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05692765
Culto al agua e “idolatría” en una comunidad andina peruana. El caso de Santiago de Maray en el presente y en el siglo XVII (1677).
Authors: Bardales Padilla Agustín Enrique
Published: February 2023

El culto al agua es uno de los rituales esenciales dentro de las culturas andinas y amazónicas en el actual territorio peruano tanto a nivel colonial como en la actualidad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental describir y explicar cómo el ritual al agua, también llamada champería o yarqa aspiy, se ha ido preservando a través del tiempo, desde la época colonial hasta nuestros días, siendo un vehículo de cohesión social e identidad cultural en la comunidad de Santiago de Maray. Para lograr esto he recurrido a tres ejes metodológicos asociados con el enfoque micro-histórico, la etnohistoria y la observación etnográfica. Esta estrategia metodológica permitirá comparar ambos segmentos temporales en los que se desarrolló el ritual al agua es decir, el año 1677 en la época colonial y la práctica ritual contemporánea buscando establecer los cambios y las permanencias cultuales que perviven hasta el día de hoy en la comunidad campesina de Santiago de Maray ubicada en la Sierra de la provincia de Lima.
Repensando las teorías de la memoria desde la etnografía y la arqueología
Authors: Kupprat Felix
Published: February 2023

Este artículo explora la utilidad de una serie de conceptos relacionados con las teorías de la memoria para la antropología. Primero, se discuten los términos básicos de recuerdo y memoria, y conceptos derivados como memoria procedural, priming, memoria perceptual, memoria semántica, memoria episódica, memoria colectiva, memoria social, memoria histórica y memoria cultural. Posteriormente, se establecen pautas metodológicas para el estudio de la memoria cultural a partir de dos estudios de caso, uno etnográfico y otro arqueológico. El primer caso ilustra la transmisión intergeneracional de los recuerdos de un evento disruptivo y traumático y su integración en la memoria cultural de la comunidad a través de un proceso de institucionalización y ritualización en prácticas comunitarias y medios tangibles. El segundo caso muestra que los cambios en las expresiones hegemónicas de la memoria cultural pueden revelar transformaciones identitarias y conflictos discursivos que, a su vez, indican la complejidad de las relaciones sociales. La discusión metodológica pone especial énfasis en los procesos de comunicación y la transmisión de recuerdos. El acercamiento escogido es solo una de varias vías analíticas posibles, pero muestra la utilidad del modelo de memoria cultural para abordar los temas de identidad, poder y relaciones sociales en un marco conceptual que facilita la comparación de casos a través de varias disciplinas.
Estimación del sexo por las epífisis del radio en una muestra de cubanos
Authors: Machado Mendoza Dodany , Pérez Pérez Valia
Published: February 2023

La estimación del sexo a partir de huesos largos fragmentados forma parte de la labor diaria de los antropólogos forenses en el mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener funciones discriminantes que permitan la estimación del sexo a partir de radios fragmentados con alto grado de fiabilidad. La muestra se conformó con 156 radios (89 masculinos y 67 femeninos) pertenecientes a adultos cubanos (20 a 64 años) de ascendencia hispánica. Se tomaron 7 mediciones por hueso (4 proximales y 3 distales). Se empleó para el análisis spssv 20, y se aplicó la prueba t Student para comparar las medias masculina y femenina y el análisis discriminante para obtener las funciones. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos sexos para todas las medidas realizadas (p<0.001). Se elaboraron 18 funciones discriminantes, cuyos porcentajes de predicción correcta para la estimación del sexo oscilaron entre 88.1% y 97.1%, las funciones para la región distal con la combinación de ambas regiones mostraron más de 95% de predicción correcta. Se concluyó que las funciones calculadas pueden ser útiles para la estimación del sexo a partir de radios fragmentados, en el ámbito forense, para poblaciones de ascendencia hispánica.
Aztatlán: interacción y cambio social en el occidente de México ca. 850-1350 d.c”, Laura Solar v. y Ben Nelson (Eds.).
Authors: Sugiura Yamamoto Yoko
Published: February 2023

El libro, “Aztatlán: interacción y cambio social en el occidente de México ca. 850-1350d.c”, editado por Laura Solar y Ben Nelson,consiste en nueve estudios realizados por 15 autores, además de un prólogo; todos son especialistas con una larga trayectoria investigativa en el Occidente de México, territorio que se considera, aún en la actualidad, como una región lejana y desconocida para muchos mesoamericanistas. No obstante, y a pesar de que se califica, frecuentemente, como una región, en cierta forma, incógnita, es un mundo fascinante.
Ariel de Vidas, Anath, Combinar para vivir. Etnografía de un pueblo nahua de la Huasteca veracruzana en tiempos de modernización,
Authors: Trejo Leopoldo
Published: February 2023

Combinar para convivires la exhaustiva monografía de una pequeña comunidad nahua de la huasteca veracruzana, que a pesar de sus poco más de 400 cuartillas, no tiene desperdicio. Al leerla recordé la caracterización que en Bruno Latour hace del ejercicio antropológico como un tejido sin costuras (2007). Y es precisamente por la enorme variedad de ámbitos y problemas que Anath recoge en este libro, que comentarlo resulta una tarea difícil, ya que es prácticamente imposible reseñarlo sin cercenar varios de los interesantes ámbitos, problemas, temas, hipótesis que a lo largo de sus diez apartados desarrolla. Sus páginas nos llevan por la historia agraria y ambiental, por las políticas de fomento pecuario y la presión sobre los campos de cultivo, por los innumerables procesos de modernización de las comunidades huastecas, por la centenaria segregación étnica, la compleja vida ritual, la mínima expresión mítica, por el impacto y la hipocresía de la pastoral indígena católica, por los discursos de patrimonialización externos y su adopción local, por el principio-flor y la noción nahua del trabajo, por el Ometecutli de León Portilla, el combinarismo de la vida religiosa indígena, en fin… Todos estos temas están imbricados de tal manera que, para entender la importancia de uno, es preciso conocer al resto. Se trata de un tejido sin costuras.
Montúfar López, Aurora, Ofrenda para los dioses del agua. Estudio de las ofrendas 102 del Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan y de petición de lluvias de Temalacatzingo, Guerrero
Authors: López Luján Leonardo
Published: February 2023

A fines del año pasado y bajo el sello editorial del INAH, salió de prensas Ofrenda para los dioses del agua, una ambiciosa obra de casi 300 páginas que atestigua el gusto de su autora, Aurora Montúfar López (investigadora de la Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico del INAH) por trascender su formación original como bióloga especializada en el ámbito de la botánica y adentrarse en los terrenos de la arqueología, la historia y la etnografía.
Cronología de erupción dental de una población infantil del estado de Hidalgo, México
Authors: Regalado Ruiz Luis Alberto , Del Ángel Escalona Andrés , Serrano Sánchez Carlos
Published: February 2023

Los estudios sobre erupción dental han sido generalmente encaminados a establecer las pautas en que ocurre este fenómeno biológico con la finalidad de establecer su cronología, información útil en la construcción de tablas de predicción necesarias en la práctica clínica odontológica y en la identificación individual en distintas especialidades de la antropología. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer la variación de la maduración dental en una población infantil del centro de México. En 2007 se trabajó con una muestra de 221 menores (120 niños y 101 niñas) con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 14 años, provenientes de una escuela primaria de la ciudad mexicana de Zimapán, estado de Hidalgo. Se registraron los niveles de erupción en los que se encontraban cada uno de los dientes al momento de obtener las impresiones en yeso, y se calculó la edad media del brote clínico por pieza dental. Los resultados se comparan con un referente internacional y con varios estudios previos llevados a cabo en México. A diferencia de la mayoría de los datos disponibles, el dimorfismo sexual observado es prácticamente nulo. Asimismo, al igual que el resto de los reportes para grupos mexicanos, el brote es tardío en relación con el referente internacional, aunque con variaciones significativas.
La cara oculta del Centro Histórico de Puebla
Authors: González Márquez Eliana Del Pilar
Published: February 2023

Las dinámicas, importancia y auge que han tenido los centros históricos de las ciudades en el mundo, y en especial de algunas ciudades latinoamericanas, los han convertido en un espacio de relevancia en la agenda política de los gobiernos. El Centro Histórico de Puebla ha sido objeto de intervenciones de remodelación y renovación urbana desigual implementada al interior de un proceso de patrimonialización. Por medio de la etnografía, esta investigación revela que San Antonio, un barrio histórico del centro de la ciudad, ha representado una especie de cara oculta funcional al polígono de mayor desarrollo turístico; esto ha tenido efectos en la población habitante, agudizando la estigmatización como elemento que facilita y se usa para sustentar y legitimar acciones que reproducen la condición subordinada de San Antonio como cara oculta de las áreas turísticas del Centro Histórico.
Colectividad funeraria: una formación troncocónica, Valle de Maltrata, Veracruz
Authors: Ruiz González Judith Lizbeth
Published: February 2023

En esta investigación se presenta el análisis de la historia de vida de un conjunto de huesos humanos localizados dentro de una formación troncocónica en el Valle de Maltrata, México. Por su aspecto secundario en el contexto arqueológico, fue necesario realizar un análisis arqueotanatológico y tafonómico funerario para conocer la historia del depósito colectivo. Como resultado del análisis de los restos óseos se presenta el número de individuos, su perfil biológico y condiciones de vida, para conocer a quiénes fueron enterrados en dicho espacio. Se concluye que se trata de un contexto funerario colectivo en principio primario y su aspecto secundario da cuenta del reúso subsecuente para posteriores inhumaciones dentro de ámbitos domésticos destinados al común de la población; práctica cultural compartida durante el Preclásico mesoamericano.
Editorial
Authors: Villalobos Acosta César , Salas Quintanal Hernán Javier
Published: February 2023

En este número de Anales de Antropología se incluyen doce artículos que abarcan una diversidad de temas que van desde el estudio del pasado bajo la perspectiva arqueológica hasta el registro de fenómenos contemporáneos. La presentación de resultados de investigaciones y las discusiones van de lo teórico a lo metodológico, entre los que se encuentran, por ejemplo, la necesaria discusión del papel de las grandes empresas y su impacto en las comunidades indígenas, el debate sobre la perspectiva evolucionista tradicional que coloca el género homo en el nivel más alto de la escala evolución, hasta la presentación de un análisis muy sofisticados para extraer adn inclusive ahí donde no está presente un cuerpo humano. Los estudios de caso presentados se ubican en regiones de México como el Altiplano Central, Oaxaca, Sonora, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Tabasco, así como estudios en países como El Salvador y Brasil. El número es diverso en términos de las temáticas, y resalta un aspecto clave en el papel que juega la interdisciplina en la conformación de los estudios contemporáneos desde la perspectiva de las disciplinas antropológicas: la arqueología para comprender procesos sociales a partir del pasado, la antropología física para conocer el entorno y el contexto biológico en el que conviven las diversas especies y la antropología social enfocada en las problemáticas sociales que afectan el territorio nacional. Para finalizar, el volumen se complementa con reseñas críticas de tres publicaciones, libros altamente consultados por sus aportaciones originales. Dejamos a los y las lectoras acercarse puntualmente a cada una de las contribuciones que brevemente les presentamos.
Lane Lines Identification System
Authors: Ramteke Subhash , Kumthekar Shrawani , Phawade Neha , Chandgude Sagar , Parabh Sonali
Published: February 2023

Abstract: A driver support system is the most important feature of advanced vehicles to make sure driver safety and decrease vehicle accidents on the roads. The very critical task is to detect the road lane lines detection or the road boundaries/lanes. . It includes the localization of road decisions in a similar position between vehicles and roads. Anaim is to a system using the onboard camera which is looking outwards from the windscreen is expressed in this paper.1]The unclear and occluded lane lines cannot be detected by most existing lane detection models in many complex driving scenes, such as crowded scenes, poor light condition, etc. The proposed system does not require any extra information such as lane width, time to lane crossing, and offset between the centers of the lanes. This project is based on python and OpenCV to detect lane lines on the road.
Karakteristik nanopartikel ekstrak teh hijau dengan metode nano milling dan nano spray
Authors: Shabri Shabri , Rohdiana Dr. Dadan , Maulana Hilman , Haryanto Sugeng , Prawira-Atmaja Muhammad Iqbal , Mauludin Rachmat , Insanu Muhammad , Perdana Asep W.
Published: February 2023

Nanoparticles for raw materials of phytopharmaca is a technology used to be able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of phytopharmaca in its absorption as a therapeutic agent. This study useds steamed green tea polyphenol extract as raw material with two nanoparticle methods, first nano milling by Planetary Ball Milling (PBM) and the second using encapsulation method with Nano Spray Dryer (NSD). The characteristics of nanoparticles were then analyzed using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and X-Ray Difraction (XRD) to determine the size, size distribution, and type of crystals formed by the two methods. The results of PBM had not been able to meet the criteria for nanoparticles because they had a particle size that is >1 µm, whereas the NSD method produced 554.7 nm nanoparticles with an intensity of 86.9%. And the results of the XRD analysis showed that the two methods of making nanoparticles resulted in amorphous particles >50%.
Analisis Energi pada Proses Pengolahan Teh Hijau (Studi Kasus di Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina)
Authors: Habsari Shida
Published: February 2023

Analisis energi merupakan suatu usaha untuk mendapatkan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai pemakaian energi pada suatu sistem. Analisis energi pada proses pengolahan teh hijau di pabrik teh hijau Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK) Gambung bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi penggunaan energi dan mengidentifikasi penggunaan energi. Analisis energi dihitung berdasarkan penggunaan energi biologis, energi langsung, dan energi tak langsung pada setiap tahapan proses pengolahan teh hijau. Proses pengolahan teh hijau yang dianalisis penggunaan energinya dimulai dari proses pelayuan hingga pengepakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masukan energi total pada proses pengolahan teh hijau di pabrik teh hijau PPTK Gambung adalah sebesar 51,141 MJ/kg. Energi tak langsung menjadi penyumbang penggunaan energi terbesar pada penggunaan energi total dengan nilai energi yaitu mencapai 46,764 MJ/kg, lalu penggunaan total energi langsung sebesar 4,366 MJ/kg, dan penggunaan total energi biologis sebesar 0,01 MJ/kg.
Analisis Mutu dan Ekonomi Biobriket Limbah Teh Sebagai Energi Alternatif pada Industri
Authors: Pradana Wibawa
Published: February 2023

Teh merupakan bahan perkebunan yang banyak diproduksi di Indonesia. Tingginya angka produksi teh, akan menyebabkan potensi limbah teh yang juga tinggi. Limbah teh dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dengan mengubahnya menjadi biobriket. Pembuatan biobriket dari limbah teh ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi jumlah limbah yang tak termanfaatkan. Biobriket dari limbah teh ini dilakukan dengan tiga jenis perlakuan berbeda, yakni dengan penambahan perekat tapioka 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah sampel biobriket dengan campuran perekat 3% merupakan yang terbaik dari segi ekonomi dengan biaya produksi Rp655/kg dan menghasilkan nilai kalor 5575 kal/kg, kerapatan 0,62 g/cm3, kadar air 4,40%, dan kadar abu 14,40%.
Pemanfaatan Kultur In vitro untuk Konservasi Plasma Nutfah Teh
Authors: Prayoga Muhamad Khais
Published: February 2023

Konservasi plasma nutfah teh (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) umumnya dilakukan dalam keadaan tanaman tumbuh optimal secara ex situ di lapang. Metode tersebut memiliki kelemahan yaitu risiko terjadinya kehilangan plasma nutfah akibat serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman atau cekaman lingkungan abiotik sangat besar. Selain itu metode konservasi di lapang diperlukan lahan yang cukup luas. Alternatif konservasi yang lebih efektif dan efisien untuk tanaman teh adalah kultur in vitro. Keberhasilan kultur in vitro dipengaruhi oleh faktor genotipe bahan tanaman, eksplan yang digunakan, komposisi nutrisi pada media, zat pengatur tumbuh yang digunakan, serta lingkungan yang meliputi kondisi fisik kultur seperti temperatur dan cahaya. Sampai saat ini pemanfaatan kultur in vitro untuk kegiatan konservasi tanaman teh di Indonesia belum dilakukan. Penelitian-penelitian mengarah pada kegiatan perbanyakan untuk memproduksi bibit teh sintetik yang seragam. Berbeda dengan di Indonesia, di Negara Spanyol telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemanfaatan teknik kultur in vitro untuk konservasi tanaman kerabat teh. Konservasi plasma nutfah secara in vitro telah sukses dilakukan pada tanaman-tanaman seperti kopi, strawberry, pisang dan jeruk besar. Pada dasarnya konservasi secara in vitro berfokus pada pelambatan laju pertumbuhan tanaman. Agar konservasi secara in vitro untuk plasma nutfah teh bisa dilakukan maka perlu dilakukan penelitian terkait: 1) pemilihan bagian tanaman teh terbaik sebagai bahan eksplan kultur jaringan, 2) proses sterilisasi untuk mencegah terjadinya kontaminasi, dan 3) media dan kondisi lingkungan yang dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan namun tidak mematikan tanaman.
Deteksi Jenis Daun Teh Klon Seri GMB Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) dengan Arsitektur GoogLeNet
Authors: Alvian Alvian Ihza Fahmi , Ibrahim Nur , Rizal Syamsul , Syahrian Heri , Rahadi Vitria Puspitasari
Published: February 2023

Varietas Assamica merupakan salah satu dari berbagai macam varietas teh yang ada di Indonesia. Varietas ini diantaranya terdapat sebelas klon yang dikenal sebagai klon seri GMB. Klon ini sudah diteliti oleh Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK), dengan penamaan GMB 1-11. Namun, tidak banyak orang yang dapat membedakan sebelas klon ini secara visual. Beberapa faktor penyebab sulitnya membedakan jenis klon seri GMB adalah struktur dan warna yang memiliki banyak kesamaan. Klon seri GMB memiliki kapasitas produksi yang berbeda, sehingga berpengaruh pada tingkat keuntungan penanamannya. Sebelumnya telah dilakukan penelitian perancangan sistem untuk mengklasifikasi lima dari sebelas jenis daun teh klon seri GMB tersebut, namun tingkat akurasi belum sesuai dengan harapan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan bahasa pemrograman Python dengan metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) dengan arsitektur GoogLeNet sebagai pengolahan citra digital dari data set daun teh klon seri GMB. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah sistem dengan kemampuan mengklasifikasikan sebelas daun teh klon seri GMB menggunakan metode CNN dengan arsitektur GoogLeNet. Sistem mengolah data hasil augmentasi, dengan data latih sebanyak 2640 dan data uji sebanyak 220. Sistem mencapai akurasi sebesar 60,55%, 2,74 loss, dan presisi sebesar 63% menggunakan Adam Optimizer dengan learning rate 0,0001.
Respons Pertumbuhan 16 Genotipe Teh (Camellia sinensis var. Assamica) Terhadap Pupuk Cair Anorganik Pasca Tercekam
Authors: Nafisa Durotun , Syahrian Heri , Rahadi Vitria Puspitasari , Lontoh Adolf Pieter , Guntoro Dwi , Prayoga M. Khais
Published: February 2023

Pembibitan merupakan fase paling rentan pada tanaman, sehingga membutuhkan pemeliharaan yang tepat. Pertumbuhan bibit teh dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal dan internal seperti genotipe tanaman dan kondisi tanah. Kekurangan unsur hara dapat menyebabkan tanaman mengalami penghambatan pertumbuhan. Pemupukan menjadi salah satu cara untuk memulihkan kembali tanaman yang mengalami defisiensi unsur hara, oleh karena itu dilakukan pengujian pemulihan beberapa genotipe bibit tanaman teh yang telah mengalami cekaman unsur hara karena tidak mendapatkan pemeliharaan yang optimal dengan pengaplikasian pupuk anorganik cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan 16 genotipe teh terhadap pupuk anorganik cair pasca tercekam. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) satu faktor dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuannya yaitu 16 genotipe teh yang berbeda dengan pemupukan menggunakan pupuk anorganik cair (Glow Green) satu taraf dosis (6 ml/L) setiap dua minggu sekali. Karakter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dilanjutkan uji lanjut BNJ. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perbedaan genotipe teh yang diuji berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan respons pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada penambahan pertumbuhan setiap karakter pasca pemupukan pada setiap minggunya. Ke 16 genotipe teh yang diuji secara umum memberikan respons yang sama terhadap pengaplikaisan pupuk anorganik cair pasca tercekam.
Fully non-positive-partial-transpose genuinely entangled subspaces
Authors: Makuta Owidiusz , Kuzaka Błażej , Augusiak Remigiusz
Published: February 2023

Genuinely entangled subspaces are a class of subspaces in the multipartite Hilbert spaces that are composed of only genuinely entangled states. They are thus an interesting object of study in the context of multipartite entanglement. Here we provide a construction of multipartite subspaces that are not only genuinely entangled but also fully non-positive-partial-transpose (NPT) in the sense that any mixed state supported on them has non-positive partial transpose across any bipartition. Our construction originates from the stabilizer formalism known for its use in quantum error correction. To this end, we first introduce a couple of criteria allowing to assess whether any state from a given non-trivial stabilizer subspace is genuinely multipartite entangled. We then use these criteria to construct genuinely entangled stabilizer subspaces for any number of parties and arbitrary local dimension and conjecture them to be of maximal dimension achievable within the stabilizer formalism. At the same time, we prove that every genuinely entangled subspace is fully NPT in the above sense, which implies a quite surprising fact that no genuinely entangled stabilizer subspace can support PPT entangled states.
Error-resilient Monte Carlo quantum simulation of imaginary time
Authors: Huo Mingxia , Li Ying
Published: February 2023

Computing the ground-state properties of quantum many-body systems is a promising application of near-term quantum hardware with a potential impact in many fields. The conventional algorithm quantum phase estimation uses deep circuits and requires fault-tolerant technologies. Many quantum simulation algorithms developed recently work in an inexact and variational manner to exploit shallow circuits. In this work, we combine quantum Monte Carlo with quantum computing and propose an algorithm for simulating the imaginary-time evolution and solving the ground-state problem. By sampling the real-time evolution operator with a random evolution time according to a modified Cauchy-Lorentz distribution, we can compute the expected value of an observable in imaginary-time evolution. Our algorithm approaches the exact solution given a circuit depth increasing polylogarithmically with the desired accuracy. Compared with quantum phase estimation, the Trotter step number, i.e. the circuit depth, can be thousands of times smaller to achieve the same accuracy in the ground-state energy. We verify the resilience to Trotterisation errors caused by the finite circuit depth in the numerical simulation of various models. The results show that Monte Carlo quantum simulation is promising even without a fully fault-tolerant quantum computer.