bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trabecular bone density of the proximal tibia as it relates to failure of a total knee replacement
Authors: Ritter M. A. , Davis K. E. , Small S. R. , Merchun J. G. , Farris A.
Published: November 2014

The relationship between post-operative bone density and subsequent failure of total knee replacement (TKR) is not known. This retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between bone density and failure, both overall and according to failure mechanism. All 54 aseptic failures occurring in 50 patients from 7760 consecutive primary cemented TKRs between 1983 and 2004 were matched with non-failing TKRs, and 47 failures in 44 patients involved tibial failures with the matching characteristics of age (65.1 for failed and 69.8 for non-failed), gender (70.2% female), diagnosis (93.6% OA), date of operation, bilaterality, pre-operative alignment (0.4 and 0.3 respectively), and body mass index (30.2 and 30.0 respectively). In each case, the density of bone beneath the tibial component was assessed at each follow-up interval using standardised, calibrated radiographs. Failing knees were compared with controls both overall and, as a subgroup analysis, by failure mechanism. Knees were compared with controls using univariable linear regression.

Significant and continuous elevation in tibial density was found in knees that eventually failed by medial collapse (p < 0.001) and progressive radiolucency (p < 0.001) compared with controls, particularly in the medial region of the tibia. Knees failing due to ligamentous instability demonstrated an initial decline in density (p = 0.0152) followed by a non-decreasing density over time (p = 0.034 for equivalence). Non-failing knees reported a decline in density similar to that reported previously using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Differences between failing and non-failing knees were observable as early as two months following surgery. This tool may be used to identify patients at risk of failure following TKR, but more validation work is needed.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1503–9.
Lower limb joint replacement in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Allen D. , Sale G.
Published: November 2014

Although patients with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) who undergo lower limb joint replacement are thought to be at high risk of further VTE, the actual rate of recurrence has not been reported.

The purpose of this study was to identify the recurrence rate of VTE in patients who had undergone lower limb joint replacement, and to compare it with that of patients who had undergone a joint replacement without a history of VTE.

From a pool of 6646 arthroplasty procedures (3344 TKR, 2907 THR, 243 revision THR, 152 revision TKR) in 5967 patients (68% female, mean age 67.7; 21 to 96) carried out between 2009 and 2011, we retrospectively identified 118 consecutive treatment episodes in 106 patients (65% female, mean age 70; 51 to 88,) who had suffered a previous VTE. Despite mechanical prophylaxis and anticoagulation with warfarin, we had four recurrences by three months (3.4% of 118) and six by one year (5.1% of 118). In comparison, in all our other joint replacements the rate of VTE was 0.54% (35/6528).

The relative risk of a VTE by 90 days in patients who had undergone a joint replacement with a history of VTE compared with those with a joint replacement and no history of VTE was 6.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 17.5). There were five complications in the previous VTE group related to bleeding or over-anticoagulation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1515–19.
Cementless total hip replacement without femoral osteotomy in patients with severe developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Imbuldeniya A. M. , Walter W. L. , Zicat B. A. , Walter W. K.
Published: November 2014

We describe the clinical and radiological results of cementless primary total hip replacement (THR) in 25 patients (18 women and seven men; 30 THRs) with severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Their mean age at surgery was 47 years (23 to 89). In all, 21 hips had Crowe type III dysplasia and nine had Crowe type IV. Cementless acetabular components with standard polyethylene liners were introduced as close to the level of the true acetabulum as possible. The modular cementless S-ROM femoral component was used with a low resection of the femoral neck.

A total of 21 patients (25 THRs) were available for review at a mean follow-up of 18.7 years (15.8 to 21.8). The mean modified Harris hip score improved from 46 points pre-operatively to 90 at final follow up (p < 0.001).

A total of 15 patients (17 THRs; 57%) underwent revision of the acetabular component at a mean of 14.6 years (7 to 20.8), all for osteolysis. Two patients (two THRs) had symptomatic loosening. No patient underwent femoral revision. Survival with revision of either component for any indication was 81% at 15 years (95% CI 60.1 to 92.3), with 21 patients at risk.

This technique may reduce the need for femoral osteotomy in severe DDH, while providing a good long-term functional result.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1449–54.
Glenohumeral arthrodesis for the treatment of recurrent shoulder instability in epileptic patients
Authors: Thangarajah T. , Alexander S. , Bayley I. , Lambert S. M.
Published: November 2014

We report our experience with glenohumeral arthrodesis as a salvage procedure for epilepsy-related recurrent shoulder instability. A total of six patients with epilepsy underwent shoulder fusion for recurrent instability and were followed up for a mean of 39 months (12 to 79). The mean age at the time of surgery was 31 years (22 to 38). Arthrodesis was performed after a mean of four previous stabilisation attempts (0 to 11) in all but one patient in whom the procedure was used as a primary treatment. All patients achieved bony union, with a mean time to fusion of 2.8 months (2 to 7). There were no cases of re-dislocation. One revision was undertaken for loosening of the metalwork, and then healed satisfactorily. An increase was noted in the mean subjective shoulder value, which improved from 37 (5 to 50) pre-operatively to 42 (20 to 70) post-operatively although it decreased in two patients. The mean Oxford shoulder instability score improved from 13 pre-operatively (7 to 21) to 24 post-operatively (13 to 36). In our series, glenohumeral arthrodesis eliminated recurrent instability and improved functional outcome. Fusion surgery should therefore be considered in this patient population. However, since the majority of patients are young and active, they should be comprehensively counselled pre-operatively given the functional deficit that results from the procedure.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1525–9.
Dossier Reviews: Sixties Cinema
Authors: Carlson Adam , Kaufman Dafna , McKay Meredith , Roland Molly Beth
Published: November 2014

Direct Cinema: Observational Documentary and the Politics of the Sixties Dave Saunders, (2007) London: Wallflower Press, 236pp., ISBN: 97819056474152 (pbk), $24.00

The Moment of Psycho: How Alfred Hitchcock Taught America to Love Murder David Thomson, (2009) New York: Basic Books, 167pp., ISBN: 0465020704 (pbk), $11.69, ISBN: 0465003397 (hbk), $22.96

The Black Hole of the Camera: The Films of Andy Warhol J.J. Murphy, (2012) Berkeley: University of California Press, 336pp., ISBN: 9780520271883 (pbk), $31.95

Chronicle of a Summer (1961) France Directors Edgar Morin and Jean Rouch Runtime 90 minutes DVD USA, 2013 Produced and distributed by The Criterion Collection (region 1)
Reviews DVD
Authors: Menjivar Jaime Carlos
Published: November 2014

Fear and Desire (1953) USA Director Stanley Kubrick Runtime 60 Minutes

DVD USA, 2012 Produced and Distributed by Kino Lorber (region 1)
Reviews Books
Authors: Burridge Ivy , Casteel Laura , Glawson Stephen , Murphy Stephen , Vasquez Levi , Withrow Jen
Published: November 2014

Lukas Moodysson’s Show Me Love Anna Westerståhl Stenport, (2012) Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press, 137pp., ISBN: 9780295991801 (pbk), $25.00

Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies and Tactics, 3rd Ed. Robert Marich, (2013) Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 417pp., ISBN: 9780809328840 (pbk), $34.95, ISBN: 9780809331970 (ebook), $34.95

Critical Approaches to the Works of M. Night Shyamalan: Spoiler Warnings Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, (2010) Basingstoke, Great Britain: Palgrave Macmillan, 264pp., ISBN: 0230104088 (hbk), $95.00

Surveillance on Screen: Monitoring Contemporary Films and Television Programs Sébastien Lefait, (2012) Plymouth, UK: The Scarecrow Press, 225pp., ISBN: 978080885905 (hbk), $88.54

A Long Hard Look at ‘Psycho’ Raymond Durgnat, (2010) London: British Film Institute, 290pp., ISBN: 9781844573585 (pbk), $20.00, ISBN: 9781844573592 (hbk), $76.95

Beyond Hammer: British Horror Cinema since 1970 James Rose, (2009) New York: Auteur, 256pp., ISBN: 1903663970 (pbk), $26.90
How does Dance then do Politics with the Body?
Authors: Ruhsam Martina
Published: November 2014

This review of the book Dance, Politics and Co-Immunity (a compilation of lectures given by prominent theorists at an international symposium at the Justus Liebig University in Gießen in 2010) tries to outline correlations and differences between the heterogeneous essays in this anthology. The contributions discuss and re-think the political potential of modern and contemporary dance as well as of social movements and choreographies in the age of Post-Fordism. They mark out the disrupting effects of specific choreographic methods and performances and describe the transformative potentiality of certain movements in the current sociopolitical fabric so desperately absorbed by economic paradigms.
Centre of Contemporary Dance Arts: The Genealogy of The End
Authors: Kopač Andreja
Published: November 2014

The public institute Centre of Contemporary Dance Arts (CCDA) was established in Slovenia in 2011, whose purpose was the strategic expanding of rehearsal infrastructure, the final institutionalisation of contemporary dance and the promotion of its international visibility. Despite noble work from Igor Teršinar and Matjaž Farič as acting managers, the CCDA struggled to address the multitude of problems facing contemporary dance in Slovenia. In 2012, the right-wing government led by Janez Janša abolished CCDA on the grounds of the reducing budgetary expenses. Nevertheless, hope still remains for the revival of the Centre of Contemporary Dance Arts in Slovenia, and the preservation of Slovenia's cultural history.
Masks, Problems, Transformations and Transitions
Authors: Kraigher Amelia , Vevar Rok
Published: November 2014

The themed section of this issue of Maska - Movements in Contemporary Dance II - is based on a very specific event: in mid-2012, the then Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia led by Minister Žiga Turk - following the instructions of the right-wing Prime Minister Janez Janša and under strong pressures from the Minister of Finance, Janez Šušteršič, and the newly passed Fiscal Balance Act - abolished the Centre of Contemporary Dance Arts, the first public institute in the field of contemporary dance in Slovenia, established after a long struggle under the previous, liberal government in 2011. The frustration faced by the Slovenian contemporary dance scene raised several issues, including that of the historisation of contemporary dance in Slovenia. What are the specific materials, stories, records and evidence that contemporary dance in Slovenia can present to decision makers whose policies choreograph very sensitive artistic and cultural microorganisms in a context where artistic practices cannot be implemented without public support? What can contemporary dance use to prove its existence?
From Dance Manuals to Educational Institutions: Contemporary Dance Education in Slovenia
Authors: Kopač Andreja , Vevar Rok
Published: November 2014

The article offers a brief survey and description of education in the field of contemporary dance in Slovenia from the beginning of the 20th century until today. Prior to the Second World War, training programmes in the field of contemporary dance were mainly run by private schools, whereas the key problems after the war were their nationalisation and institutionalisation, which Meta Vidmar, the heir and successor of German dance expressionism in Slovenia, resisted in her own peculiar way. Until the 1980s, the field of dance education was mainly represented and cultivated in elementary schools; it was only at the end of the 1990s that a secondary-school programme of contemporary dance was finalised and accredited, and, in 2010, a first-cycle Bologna course at the Dance Academy, followed by a secondcycle Bologna course at the Academy of Theatre, Radio, Film and Television (AGRFT), were introduced, with which the educational vertical has been finally completed in full (perfected). However, the weak complementarity of individual educational programmes remains a problem to be tackled.
The Story of the Slovenian Dance Precariat: on the statuses of self-employed persons in the field of culture
Authors: Vevar Rok
Published: November 2014

The article, drawing from a limited set of data, briefly summarises the changes in the status of the precarious worker in the field of contemporary dance over the last 50 years, starting with the early 1960s, when the first Slovenian dancer was granted the status of "freelance artist". From 1979 and 1989 and after Slovenia's independence, we witness an extraordinary growth of statuses of freelance artists in all fields of art; parallel with this growth, the name of the status of precarious workers in the field of art and culture constantly changes in accordance with the ruling ideology.
Evaluation of Washfastness and Crockfastness Values: Pigment Printed Fabrics
Authors: İkiz Yüksel , Jung Hyojin , Orhan Doğan
Published: November 2014

Washfastness and crockfastness values were evaluated to study the effects of binder and process parameters on pigment printing. Acrylate- and butadiene-based binders, and three different colorants, were used for pigment printing on 100% cotton fabrics. Sixty-six pigment printed fabrics were evaluated for washfastness and crockfastness by standard test methods. Fastness values were evaluated based on binder, softener, fixator, process, fastness developer, pH, and curing temperature/time. Results indicated that wet crockfastness values were dependent on the processing parameters. In addition, using butadiene-based binder and adding fixator into the printing paste had significant effect on improved fastness values.
Application of a Phosphazene Derivative as a Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric using Conventional Method and Supercritical CO2
Authors: Fontenot Krystal R. , Easson Michael W. , Smith Jade , Madison Crista , Nam Sunghyun , Nguyen Thach-Mien D. , Chang SeChin , Condon Brian D.
Published: November 2014

Conventional pad-dry-cure (non-scCO2) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) application methods were used to study the effectiveness of a newly synthesized phosphazene derivative as a flame retardant on cotton fabric. The 1,1′,4,5-tetrahydrotrispiro[1,3,2-diazaphosphole-2,2′-[1,3,5,2,4,6]triazatriphosphinine-4′,6”-dibenzo[d, f][1,3,2] dioxaphosphepine-6′,6”′-dibenzo[d, f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine] (2), was synthesized in two steps, in high overall yield, and applied onto cotton fabrics. The flame retardant properties of the treated fabrics were examined by 45° angle flammability test, limiting oxygen index test (LOI), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that fabrics treated with 2 are flame resistant; however, non-scCO2 fabrics performed better than scCO2 fabrics in a preliminary durability study.
Wykorzystanie instrumentów zabezpieczających w firmach rodzinnych notowanych na GPW
Authors: Jewartowski Tomasz , Kałdoński Michał
Published: November 2014

Na podstawie analizy danych panelowych dotyczących 105 spółek notowanych w latach 2006-2010 na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie zaobserwowaliśmy, że skłonność i skala wykorzystania instrumentów zabezpieczających w spółkach rodzinnych jest przeciętnie niższa niż w spółkach nierodzinnych. Dodatkowo dla spółek rodzinnych zaobserwowaliśmy silniejszą niż dla spółek nierodzinnych zależność pomiędzy zmiennymi charakteryzującymi ekspozycję na ryzyko (takimi jak udział sprzedaży zagranicznej w przychodach oraz poziom dźwigni finansowej) a skalą zabezpieczeń. Wyniki naszych badań nie potwierdzają powszechnie panującego poglądu o szczególnej awersji do ryzyka w spółkach rodzinnych. Uzasadnienia zaobserwowanych pomiędzy spółkami rodzinnymi a nierodzinnymi różnic w zakresie wykorzystania instrumentów zabezpieczających należy szukać na gruncie teorii agencji i związanych z nią problemów.
Czy nowa kodyfikacja prawa cywilnego jest potrzebna w czasie kryzysu prawa?
Authors: Andrzejewski Jan
Published: November 2014

W artykule podjęto refleksję nad zasadnością kontynuacji prac nad nowym kodeksem cywilnym. W tym względzie autor wskazuje na konieczność porzucenia dotychczasowej metody regulacji, gdyż ta już się wyczerpała i nie daje nadziei na poprawę sytuacji. Swoje zapatrywania autor uzasadnia koniecznością zmierzenia się z zasygnalizowanymi w tekście kryzysami, dotykającymi zarówno legislatywę (zjawisko dekodyfikacji, nieprzemyślane nowelizacje, odejście przez ustawodawcę od negocjacyjnego modelu tworzenia prawa), jak i naukę prawa cywilnego (kryzys uniwersytetów – prowadzenie dydaktyki zorientowanej na masowego studenta oraz nadmierne hołdowanie metodzie formalno-dogmatycznej przez badaczy), a także judykaturę (sprowadzenie sędziów do roli „lepszych urzędników”, nadmierne obłożenie sądów). W artykule wskazano nadto na niedomagania obecnej refleksji nad prawem prywatnym, a by to zilustrować, wykorzystano dwa przykłady: niedawnej wątpliwej nowelizacji Kodeksu cywilnego (dodanie nowego przepisu art. 72 § 2 k.c.) oraz niedostatecznej refleksji doktrynalnej nad zjawiskiem wyzysku (art. 388 k.c.). W konkluzji autor proponuje odejście od obecnego modelu, w którym centralną pozycję zajmuje pandektystyczny kodeks cywilny, na rzecz systemu ruchomego, którego rdzeniem są zasady prawne, doprecyzowane przez naukę i orzecznictwo.
Unikanie opodatkowania w świetle orzecznictwa niemieckiego
Authors: Szczepański Jan
Published: November 2014

Autor skupia się na problemie unikania opodatkowania w niemieckim systemie prawnym i upatruje ważny element w dyskusji na temat tego zjawiska w niemieckim orzecznictwie sądowym. Obok rozważań doktryny na temat odpowiedniej ustawowej regulacji dotyczącej opisywanego zjawiska, zaprezentowana została ustawowa regulacja ogólnej klauzuli przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania. Całość opracowania dopełniona została analizą rozwojowego orzecznictwa (tzw. Gesamtplanrechsprechung) najwyższego niemieckiego sądu właściwego w sprawach podatkowych (Bundesfinanzhof), która w sposób szczególny ukazuje poglądy niemieckich sądów podatkowych dotyczące walki z unikaniem opodatkowania. Tak ukształtowany artykuł ma stanowić materiał komparatystyczny i głos w dyskusji na temat sposobów przeciwdziałania unikaniu opodatkowania (obejście ustawy podatkowej).
Thyroid-stimulating hormone reference range and factors affecting it in a nationwide random sample
Authors: Langén Ville L. , Niiranen Teemu J. , Mäki Juhani , Sundvall Jouko , Jula Antti M.
Published: November 2014

Previous studies with mainly selected populations have proposed contradicting reference ranges for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and have disagreed on how screening, age and gender affect them. This study aimed to determine a TSH reference range on the Abbott Architect ci8200 integrated system in a large, nationwide, stratified random sample. To our knowledge this is the only study apart from the NHANES III that has addressed this issue in a similar nationwide setting. The effects of age, gender, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)-positivity and medications on TSH reference range were also assessed.

TSH was measured from 6247 participants randomly drawn from the population register to represent the Finnish adult population. TSH reference ranges were established of a thyroid-healthy population and its subpopulations with increasing and cumulative rigour of screening: screening for overt thyroid disease (thyroid-healthy population, n=5709); screening for TPOAb-positivity (risk factor-free subpopulation, n=4586); and screening for use of any medications (reference subpopulation, n=1849).

The TSH reference ranges of the thyroid-healthy population, and the risk factor-free and reference subpopulations were 0.4–4.4, 0.4–3.7 and 0.4–3.4 mU/L (2.5th–97.5th percentiles), respectively. Although the differences in TSH between subgroups for age (p=0.002) and gender (p=0.005) reached statistical significance, the TSH distribution curves of the subgroups were practically superimposed.

We propose 0.4–3.4 mU/L as a TSH reference range for adults for this platform, which is lower than those presently used in most laboratories. Our findings suggest that intensive screening for thyroid risk factors, especially for TPOAb-positivity, decreases the TSH upper reference limit.
Efficient assessment of peripheral blood lymphocytosis in adults: developing new thresholds for blood smear review by pathologists
Authors: Tseng Victor , Morgan Adam S. , Leith Catherine P. , Yang David T.
Published: November 2014

Peripheral smear review is a critical, but labor intensive adjunct for evaluation of lymphocytosis. Standard practice based on consensus guidelines is to review cases with absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) >5×10

1170 complete blood counts with ALCs >5×10

ALC as a discriminator for neoplastic lymphocytosis had an ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.732. Selecting cases with ALC >10×10

We show that modifying the standard 5×10
New laboratory markers for the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Foti Daniela P. , Greco Marta , Palella Eleonora , Gulletta Elio
Published: November 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis, the most prominent of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, represents an important social health problem. Recent insights into the immunopathogenic mechanism of this complex and multiform illness might open new perspectives for a more appropriate laboratory approach. In this review we focus on the most relevant pathogenetic mechanism; indicating the laboratory biomarkers specifically linked to early diagnosis, prognosis, evolutive aspects of the disease, and therapeutic efficacy. Evidence based on laboratory medicine could provide the best outcome for patients.
Newborn screening for haemoglobinopathies by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): diagnostic utility of different approaches in resource-poor settings
Authors: Upadhye Dipti S. , Jain Dipty L. , Trivedi Yogesh L. , Nadkarni Anita H. , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Colah Roshan B.
Published: November 2014

Sickle cell disease is a major health burden in India. The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic utility of two different approaches on automated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for newborn screening for sickle cell disorders and other haemoglobinopathies in India.

Newborn babies of sickle heterozygous mothers were tested by HPLC using two different kits, the β-thal short kit, which is routinely used for screening for haemoglobinopathies in most laboratories, and the sickle cell short kit which is specific only for neonatal samples. Confirmation of the sickle and α genotypes was done by molecular analysis.

Of the 601 babies tested, 276 were normal, 284 were sickle heterozygous and 41 were sickle homozygous using the β-thal short kit. Using the sickle cell short kit, a discrepancy was seen in one newborn sample where a normal baby was identified as a sickle heterozygous baby. α-Genotyping was done in 42 babies and 16 of them had α gene deletions. The presence of α thalassaemia could be suspected in 15 of these 16 babies based on a spike at the start of the chromatogram using the β-thal short kit. In comparison, using the sickle cell short kit the diagnosis of α thalassaemia was difficult based on the percentage of the FAST peak. Further, other rare α chain Hb variants were also missed.

The β-thal short kit was more versatile than the sickle cell short kit for screening for haemoglobinopathies in newborns in our population.
Who bullies whom online: A social network analysis of cyberbullying in a school context
Authors: Wegge Denis , Vandebosch Heidi , Eggermont Steven
Published: November 2014

Young adolescents’ online bullying behavior has raised a significant amount of academic attention. Nevertheless, little is known about the social context in which such negative actions occur. The present paper addresses this issue and examines how the patterns of traditional bullying and cyberbullying are related, and how electronic forms of bullying can be linked to the social context at school. To address these questions, social network analysis was applied to examine the networks of social interactions and (cyber)bullying among an entire grade of 1,458 thirteen- to fourteen-year-old pupils. The results show that (1) cyberbullying is an extension of traditional bullying as victims often face the same perpetrators offline and online, (2) there is evidence of mutual cyberbullying among youngsters, and (3) cyberbullying is more likely to occur in same-gender and same-class students. The implications for future research and prevention of cyberbullying are discussed.
Chronobiology and circadian rhythms establish a connection to diagnosis
Authors: Nydegger Urs E. , Escobar Pedro Medina , Risch Lorenz , Risch Martin , Stanga Zeno
Published: November 2014

Circadian rhythms are synchronized by the light/dark (L/D) cycle over the 24-h day. A suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus governs time keeping based on melanopsin messages from the retina in the eyes and transduces regulatory signals to tissues through an array of hormonal, metabolic and neural outputs. Currently, vague impressions on circadian regulation in health and disease are replaced by scientific facts: in addition to L/D cyling, oscillation is maintained by genetic (Clock, Bmal1, Csnk1, CHRONO, Cry, Per) programs, autonomous feedback loops, including melatonin activities, aerobic glycolysis intensity and lipid signalling, among others. Such a multifaceted influential system on circadian rhythm is bound to be fragile and genomic clock acitvities can become disrupted by epigenetic modifications or such environmental factors as mistimed sleep and feeding schedules albeit leaving the centrally driven melatonin-dependent pacemakter more or less unaffected.
UV-curable electromagnetic shielding composite films produced through waterborne polyurethane-acrylate bonded graphene oxide: preparation and effect of different diluents on the properties
Authors: Dai Yuting , Qiu Fengxian , Wang Lili , Zhao Jinliang , Yu Zongping , Yang Pengei , Yang Dongya , Kong Liying
Published: November 2014

UV-curable electromagnetic shielding composite films (UV-EMSF) were prepared with graphene oxide/polyurethane-acrylate (GO-PUA) oligomers, different diluents (styrene-butyl acrylate or tripropyleneglycol diacrylate-butyl acrylate or trimethylol propane triacrylate-butyl acrylate) and photoinitiator (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone). The chemical structures, morphology, crystallinity and thermal behavior of UV-EMSF were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The stability, optical transparency and electrical conductivity of emulsions were measured. The effects of different diluents on the properties such as gel content, solvent resistance, hardness, tensile strength, contact angle and adhesion force were systemically studied. It was found that the emulsions had a good stability and the electrical conductivity of the emulsions indicated that the addition of GO had an effect on the electric conductivity. The prepared UV-EMSF composites with low-cost, low pollution and easy-to-prepare low resistivity have a great potential application in different areas such as electronic, electrical, communications, plastic coatings and wood finishes.
Variability of Seed Fatty Acid Composition to Growing Degree-Days in High Oleic Acid Sunflower Genotypes
Authors: Ferfuia Claudio , Turi Maurizio , Vannozzi Gian Paolo
Published: November 2014

High temperature enhances the oleic acid content in the oil of normal cultivars but conflicting results are reported on temperature effects on oleic acid content in HO cultivars: either no effect or an increase in oleic acid content with temperature. To investigate the effects of temperature on HO genotypes under natural field conditions, a three-year field trial was conducted using two sowing dates and three HO genotypes (two inbred lines and one hybrid). To compare our results with previous works, growing degree-days (GDD) were computed (base temperature=6°C). GDD accumulated during the “flowering – 25 days after flowering” period influenced fatty acid composition of seed. Oleic and linoleic acid contents were affected by accumulated GDD in two HO genotypes (one inbred line and the hybrid). There was an increase of about 3% in oleic acid content as response to more high GDD accumulated. Their content was not modified by GDD in the other inbred line. There was a genotype×environment interaction that we suppose depending on modifier genes. These genetic factors affected oleic acid content. This indicated the importance of breeding targeted to select hybrids with a stable oleic acid content and higher than 90%. Saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) were also influenced by temperature, and there was genetic variability among genotypes.
Heterosis for Agronomically Important Traits in Sunflower Hybrid Rada, Developed with Mutant Restorer Line 12002 R
Authors: Encheva J. , Penchev E.
Published: November 2014

Hybrid Rada was developed with simple cross of Bulgarian line cms2607 and mutant line 12002 R. Mutant line was developed after treatment of immature sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) zygotic embryos of fertility restorer line R 2574 with gamma irradiation at dose of 8 Gy for 1 min. Hybrid Rada was tested for three years in testing plots of Dobroudja Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo and for two years at the seven locations of State Variety Testing Commission. The ANOVA procedure proves that the parents (2607 A and 12002 R) and the received hybrid Rada are with different genetic potential in the studied indices. In our study, all six characters recorded positive and significant heterosis in the direction of both relative to parental average (h1) and relative to better parent (h2). The correlations of the hybrid Rada with the mean values of the parental lines (h1) and with the mean value of the parent with higher indices (h2) were statistically significant. In h1, the variation was from 1.52% to 17.92%; in h2, the variation was within 1.49–12.81%. The highest positive heterotic effect (h1 = 17.92%) in the hybrid Rada was for trait seed yield per head relative to parental average h1. The model of inheritance of studied indices is additive dominant with partial or full dominance in relation to parent with the higher value. This was markedly expressed for indices seed yield per head.
„Wirtschaftlicher Landesverrat“ im „Wirtschaftskampf gegen Deutschland“. Die deutsche Chemieindustrie und die Bekämpfung ausländischer Industriespionage in den 1920er Jahren
Authors: Daniels Mario
Published: November 2014

Der Erste Weltkrieg führte zu einer grundlegenden politischen und ökonomischen Neubewertung technologischen und wissenschaftlichen Wissens und machte dessen Transfer über nationale Grenzen hinweg zu einem sicherheitspolitischen Thema. Der Aufsatz diskutiert diesen Wandel anhand der intensiven Debatten, die während der Weimarer Republik über ausländische Industriespionage geführt wurden, und plädiert für eine Verschränkung der Forschungszweige der Geschichte der modernen „Wissensgesellschaft“ und der Sicherheitsgeschichte. Vor allem die I.G. Farben sah sich nach 1918 mit einer Welle von Spionagefällen konfrontiert, die die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Unternehmens zu bedrohen schien. Die Sicherheitsbehörden interpretierten die Wirtschaftsspionage als eine Fortsetzung des Krieges mit anderen Mitteln und Ausdruck der verabscheuten Versailler Nachkriegsordnung. Befeuert wurden die Diskussionen 1920/21 von Beschuldigungen des Chemieunternehmens Bayer gegen den amerikanischen Konkurrenten Du Pont, sich mit klandestinen Mitteln in den Besitz von deutschem Know-how gebracht zu haben. Der Fall veranlasste die I.G. zur Lobbyarbeit für eine Verschärfung der Strafgesetze gegen Wirtschaftsspionage. Leitkonzept war der „wirtschaftliche Landesverrat“, der die Weitergabe von Betriebsgeheimnissen an das Ausland mit dem Verrat von Militärgeheimnissen gleichsetzte. Während diese Gesetzespläne scheiterten, war die I.G. erfolgreich in der Einrichtung einer auf Industrie- und Wirtschaftsspionage spezialisierte Abwehr- und Ermittlungsstelle. Ihre Zusammenarbeit mit den staatlichen Behörden war so eng, dass sie de facto polizeiliche Aufgaben wahrnahm und sich damit ein neuartiges sicherheitspolitisches Public-Private-Partnership etablierte.
Enhancing Quantity and Quality of Clinical Experiences in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: Andresen Kathleen , Levin Pamela
Published: November 2014

Nursing programs encounter barriers to clinical education, which may include limited clinical capacity for nursing students. Congestion of clinical placements compounded by multiple external influences prompted a need to develop an alternative approach for meeting program standards pertaining to clinical education. A curriculum improvement project was implemented within a school of nursing with the primary goal of expanding clinical learning opportunities while maintaining program quality. The unique aspect of this project was a comprehensive evaluative design, including qualitative responses from students, faculty, and clinical site stakeholders, as well as standardized student test scores. Augmenting the tools and processes for evaluation of clinical learning required collaboration from the faculty. Project outcomes include expanded clinical capacity, increased variety of clinical learning experiences, and improved quality of the clinical experiences. Collaborative partnerships yielded valuable lessons, which have implications for other nursing programs challenged with clinical placements.
Effect of rhubarb (Rheum emodi) in primary dysmenorrhoea: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rehman Hina , Begum Wajeeha , Anjum Farzana , Tabasum Humyra , Zahid Shabnam
Published: November 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the efficacy of Rheum emodi in the management of primary dysmenorrhoea.

Methods: A randomized, single-blind, standard controlled trial compared efficacy of R. emodi against mefenamic acid on diagnosed subjects of primary dysmenorrhoea for three consecutive cycles. Experimental group (n=30) received capsules of R. emodi powder two times a day, two days before the expected date of menstruation, and continued first three days of menstruation, while control group (n=15) participants received mefenamic acid capsules three times a day on the same protocol. The primary outcome measures were reduced in severity and duration of pain, assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and verbal multidimensional scoring system (VMSS), and secondary outcome measures were overall improvement of dysmenorrhoea and improved in quality of life (QOL). Statistical analysis was done by repeated measures analysis of variance and Chi-square/Fisher Exact test.

Results: The menstrual pain was significantly decreased in both groups after three-cycle intervention. Significant changes were observed in VAS (p<0.001) and VMSS (p<0.001) in the experimental group. There is a significant (p<0.001) reduction in duration of pain in both the groups. Associated symptoms and QOL were markedly improved after treatment (p<0.001).

Conclusions: It has been clear from the above result that R. emodi is an effective herb in alleviating symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea. It can serve as an alternative treatment without any apparent side effects. These results deserve further investigations.
Talking with Abuelo: Performing Authenticity in a Multicultural, Multisited Family
Authors: Vidal Mónica
Published: November 2014

Taking an interactional sociolinguistic approach, this study explores how multicultural and multilingual siblings interact with their Spanish grandfather and how, through the use of styling and stylization in these interactions, they negotiate and construct multicultural family identities. Using Tannen’s power and solidarity framework, I analyze three excerpts from a seven-hour corpus of naturally occurring face-to-face recorded conversations between my sisters, my grandfather, and myself, from 1984 in Spain to explore how speakers use stylization to identify themselves as legitimate members of a multilingual and multicultural family, ranging from acts of identity to mockery. The analyses show that while stylization provided Abuelo with resources for creating harmony with his granddaughters as he reappropriated their Spanish usage, it also created a source for mockery among the sisters. In their conversations with their grandfather, the granddaughters used stylization to perform acts of identity through reported speech about their experiences in Spain and their feelings about their extended family, and this styled them as dutiful granddaughters. Finally, Abuelo styled himself as the authority figure in the house by speaking English to the girls, albeit an English heavily influenced by his Spanish. In response, the granddaughters stylized him, mocking his authority in the process. The study demonstrates how stylization is intimately tied with acts of identity and underscores the affiliative and disaffiliative interactional stances for creating authenticity in a transnational family.
“Cool” English: Stylized Native-Speaker English in Japanese Television Shows
Authors: Furukawa Gavin
Published: November 2014

This article analyzes stylized pronunciations of English by Japanese speakers on televised variety shows in Japan. Research on style and mocking has done much to reveal how linguistic forms are utilized in interaction as resources of identity construction that can oftentimes subvert hegemonic discourse (
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche im Kontext. Eine Antwort auf Robert C. Holub
Authors: Niemeyer Christian
Published: November 2014

In meiner Antwort auf Robert C. Holubs Kritik versuche ich den Kontext zu verdeutlichen, in dem Elisabeth Forster-Nietzsches Wirken gesehen werden muss, aber auch den Kontext, dem meine Uberlegungen zugehoren. Auserdem werfe ich angesichts zahlreicher Falle nicht erkannter Falschungen der Schwester (darunter auch Holub) die Frage auf, ob Spezifika der fruhen, deutschsprachigen Editionsgeschichte von Nietzsches Werken und Briefen moglicherweise nur in lokale Wissenskulturen Eingang fanden. Im Ergebnis der in diesem Text vertieften Einwande gegen Nietzsches Schwester und der in Zukunft wohl eher auszubauenden denn zuruckzunehmenden Kritik an ihr scheint es ratsam, nicht die (selbstkritische) Frage aus den Augen zu verlieren, ob man am Ende nicht fur eine Sache kampft, die als verloren zu gelten hat (wie es jene Forster-Nietzsches ist).
Synthesis of biobased phosphate flame retardants
Authors: Ménard Raphaël , Negrell-Guirao Claire , Ferry Laurent , Sonnier Rodolphe , David Ghislain
Published: November 2014

An approach to prepare some biobased flame retardant (FR) compounds is presented. The adopted strategy consists in functionalizing an aromatic biobased phenolic compound, the phloroglucinol, with different phosphate groups in order to promote a charring effect. Different chlorophosphates were grafted onto phloroglucinol hydroxy groups and the functionalization of the hydroxy groups was quantitative. The synthesized biobased FR were incorporated into an epoxy matrix as additive to estimate their flame retardant properties. The influence of different parameters was studied such as the phosphorus content of the thermoset or the nature of the R group of the used phosphate P-O-R. MEB/EDX observations proved the influence of this R group on the compatibility between the FR and the matrix and its importance to obtain homogeneous thermoset. Thermogravimetric analyses of the phosphorus-containing thermosets showed a small decrease in thermal stability accompanied by a char yield almost tripled for a 3 %wP-containing thermoset compared to that of the thermoset without any FR. Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry was also used to evaluate the flammability of the modified epoxy thermoset. A significant decrease in peak of heat release rate and total heat released was observed compared to thermoset without FR. These results demonstrate the good flame retardant properties of these biobased phosphates in an epoxy matrix. In addition these results show the potential of the biobased phenolic compounds as raw material for flame retardants syntheses.
Optimization of enzymatic ring-opening copolymerizations involving δ-gluconolactone as monomer by experimental design
Authors: Todea Anamaria , Biro Emese , Badea Valentin , Paul Cristina , Cimporescu Adinela , Nagy Lajos , Kéki Sándor , Bandur Geza , Boeriu Carmen , Péter Francisc
Published: November 2014

Enzymatic incorporation of carbohydrate-derived monomer units into hydrophobic polyester backbones represents a promising alternative to obtain new biodegradable oligomers and polymers. Immobilized lipases are efficient biocatalysts for copolymerization of β-butyrolactone and δ-gluconolactone, but only a systematic optimization study was able to highlight the influence of the main reaction parameters on the polymerization degree and on the relative copolymer content of the product. Therefore, experimental design was employed for determination of the optimal ring-opening copolymerization conditions in solventless reaction systems, at temperatures up to 80 °C. The obtained products, cyclic and linear polyesters, have been characterized by FT-IR, MALDI-TOF MS, NMR, and TG analysis, demonstrating the incorporation of gluconolactone unit(s) into the hydrophobic backbone of the polyester and the formation of new bio-based products.
Panel conditional and multinomial logit with time-varying parameters
Authors: Lee Myoung-jae
Published: November 2014

Panel conditional logit estimators (PCLE) in the literature use mostly time-constant parameters. If the panel periods are volatile or long, however, the model parameters can change much. Hence this paper generalizes PCLE with time-constant parameters to PCLE with time-varying parameters; both static and dynamic PCLE are considered for this. The main finding is that time-varying parameters are fully allowed for static PCLE and the dynamic “pseudo” PCLE of [Bartolucci, F. and V. Nigro. 2010. “A Dynamic Model for Binary Panel Data with Unobserved Heterogeneity Admitting an$\sqrt n$-Consistent Conditional Estimator.”Econometrica78: 719–733] that are thus recommended to practitioners. As a further generalization, static “panel conditional multinomial logit estimator (PML)” with time-varying parameters is also examined. As it turns out, time-varying parameters are also fully allowed for PML. With no error term serial correlation allowed in PCLE and dynamic PCLE’s being restrictive in their assumptions, time-varying parameters provide an alternative avenue to inject dynamics and flexibility into PCLE and PML. Since PCLE and PML converge straightforwardly in computation, allowing time-varying parameters in PCLE and PML is “computationally free.” A simulation study is also provided.
Peter Abelard and Disputation
Authors: Novikoff Alex J.
Published: November 2014

This paper examines Abelard's engagement with disputation (disputatio) from the vantage point of twelfth-century scholasticism. Eschewing the well-worn details of Abelard's personal life and philosophical positions, analysis is instead focused on two parallel dimensions of his career: the manner in which he attempted to face-off with his adversaries through public debate and his underlying theory of disputation. It is argued that Abelard's theory is to be found not in his theological or logical works, but in his polemical letters and his ethical dialogue, the Collationes, which together offer a coherent hermeneutical strategy for discerning truth. Abelard's contribution to the art of disputation needs to be assessed in light of his broader involvement in the scholastic method and contemporary Jewish-Christian relations.
La rhétorique de la légitimité
Authors: Casanova-Robin Hélène
Published: November 2014

Le traité De Principe rédigé par Giovanni Pontano dans la seconde moitié du Quattrocento vise à éduquer le futur souverain, Alphonse II et à lui offrir tous les outils pour conforter sa légitimité contestée par les barons napolitains. La rhétorique de l'éloge, conjuguée au discours didactique, sert ici la construction d'un idéal de souverain, appuyé sur les modèles antiques mais aussi nourri de références contemporaines, l'humaniste proposant une véritable parénèse vers l'accession à la sagesse, qui repose sur l'acquisition d'une solide culture, condition sine qua non pour que se développent les vertus. Mais cet apprentissage demeure incomplet si le prince ne sait pas en outre se doter d'une persona destinée précisément à faire apparaître ses qualités. L'attention portée au souverain en représentation, exposée d'après les modèles de l'orateur et de l'acteur, ouvre la voix à une nouvelle conception de l'exercice du pouvoir.
Equitable Poetics and the State of Conflict in Edmund Spenser's Two Cantos of Mutabilitie
Authors: Scheler Drew J.
Published: November 2014

This essay argues that Edmund Spenser's legal poem, the Two Cantos of Mutabilitie, considers how civil conflicts implicitly generate a basis for their own evaluation and resolution. To illustrate this idea, Spenser draws from a tradition of rhetorical argumentation stretching from Aristotle and Cicero to Rudolph Agricola and Philip Sidney. This tradition emphasizes how fictions establish the shared questions that can create a deliberative context for equitable judgment when general law and particular case come into conflict. Dramatizing this rational process through an allegorical legal trial, Spenser illuminates how divergent judgments and actions become ethically legible to one another as parts of the same deliberative whole.
Saving the Golden Shore
Authors: Osborne Thomas J.
Published: November 2014

This essay celebrates the commitment of Peter Douglas, the executive director of the California Coastal Commission from 1985 to 2011, to conservation principles and his efforts to apply them to California’s coastal zone.
The RtcB RNA ligase is an essential component of the metazoan unfolded protein response
Authors: Kosmaczewski Sara Guckian , Edwards Tyson James , Han Sung Min , Eckwahl Matthew J , Meyer Benjamin Isaiah , Peach Sally , Hesselberth Jay R , Wolin Sandra L , Hammarlund Marc
Published: November 2014

RNA ligation can regulate RNA function by altering RNA sequence, structure and coding potential. For example, the function of XBP1 in mediating the unfolded protein response requires RNA ligation, as does the maturation of some tRNAs. Here, we describe a novel in vivo model in Caenorhabditis elegans for the conserved RNA ligase RtcB and show that RtcB ligates the xbp‐1 mRNA during the IRE‐1 branch of the unfolded protein response. Without RtcB, protein stress results in the accumulation of unligated xbp‐1 mRNA fragments, defects in the unfolded protein response, and decreased lifespan. RtcB also ligates endogenous pre‐tRNA halves, and RtcB mutants have defects in growth and lifespan that can be bypassed by expression of pre‐spliced tRNAs. In addition, animals that lack RtcB have defects that are independent of tRNA maturation and the unfolded protein response. Thus, RNA ligation by RtcB is required for the function of multiple endogenous target RNAs including both xbp‐1 and tRNAs. RtcB is uniquely capable of performing these ligation functions, and RNA ligation by RtcB mediates multiple essential processes in vivo.