bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelvic organ prolapse – A hidden disfigurement affecting sexual function
Authors: Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Bahadur Anupama , Prateek Shashi , Chawla Latika , Garg Deepanshi , Kumari Purvashi , Jaiswal Shweta
Published: January 2023

Background: Assessment of sexual function in prolapse cases is important. Studies focusing on relationship between sexual function and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are sparse.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate sexual function in women with symptomatic POP.
Materials and Methods: Women undergoing surgery for POP were interviewed.
Results: Among the 60 cases of POP, 35% of women accepted that they used to find ways to avoid sexual intercourse due to their prolapsed organs. Difficulties faced during intercourse were – pain during intercourse (70%), bleeding/discharge (46.67%), burning sensation (20%), unable to achieve orgasm (30%), and urinary leakage in 10%. Almost 68 % of women felt that sexual frequency was decreased in their husband also. About 27% of women felt that due to their disturbed sexual life, their husband started being irritated and frustrated with some even leaving sex in between (8%). About 30% of cases, women said that their husband was really disturbed with her problems and had started avoiding sexual activities as they feared that this might further aggravate her condition.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes need to assess sexual profile in women with POP with a message that there is a definite scope of improvement in this regard.
Ischemic cerebrovascular event amidst coagulopathy in snake venom envenomation: A case report
Authors: Sriman Narayan Reddy  , Kamalesh Tagadur Nataraju  , Suman Gowdru Rajkumar  , Sai Shashank Moota
Published: January 2023

This case report highlights the necessity to have in consideration about the ischemic complications post snake envenomation along with the traditional hemmorhagic events. We report a case of 28-year-old male who developed ischemic cerebral vascular accident post snake envenomation. The manifestations of snakebite may cause severe and sometimes fatal thrombotic or hemorrhagic sequelae. Some of these venom constituents and the mechanisms by which cerebral infarction have been discussed here. Physicians should also take into consideration that snake bite may cause both procoagulant and anticoagulant state. Complications can be prevented by prior identification of the snake bite and early administration of anti-snake venom.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia in a 5-year-old child: A case report
Authors: Hazra Rajdip , Roymondol Avijit
Published: January 2023

Symptomatic cholelithiasis in pediatric patients should be dealt with cholecystectomy. Due to its minimally invasive nature, laparoscopic approach is better than conventional open approach. Although safety of spinal anesthesia (SA) in adult laparoscopic surgeries including cholecystectomy is well established, its use in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries is extremely limited with only a few studies being published till date. Here, we report a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in a 5-year-old child which was successfully managed with SA. This may be the very first case report of pediatric LC under SA.
A cross sectional study on tobacco usage among COVID 19 Positive patients admitted in a tertiary care centre in Mizoram India
Authors: Ralte Jane R , Hrahsel Lalrinawmi , Sailo Lalnuntluanga , Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram , Sailo Lalnunmawii , Ruata Lalrem
Published: January 2023

Background: Mizoram is one of the states in India with the high prevalence of tobacco usage both in terms of smoke form and smokeless form. In spite of high prevalence of smoking, the state has reported less COVID-19 related mortality. The prevalence of tobacco usage among the COVID-19 positive patients and its relation to clinical symptoms and mortality has not been studied in North East part of India.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the association of tobacco usage and its relation to clinical symptoms and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 COVID 19 positive patients admitted in wards of Zoram Medical College, Mizoram between June and August 2020 were selected using convenient sampling. The patients were interviewed over mobile phone after getting informed oral consent. The details regarding socio-demographic variables, tobacco usage, co morbidities, and clinical symptoms were collected from the patients. Comorbidities and smoking were considered as primary outcome variables. The mean values were compared between study groups using independent sample t-test (two groups). Categorical outcomes were compared between study groups using Chi-square test/Fisher’s Exact test (If the overall sample size was <20 or if the expected number in any one of the cells is <5), Fisher’s exact test was used.
Results: Out of 100 patients, 54% were males, the mean age was 27.71 years. Recent history of travel was noted in 82% and 12% had history of contact with positive case. Smokers were 42% and 36% were past smokers. The various other forms of tobacco products used were Gutkha (10%), Tuibur (3%), Sahdah (13%), and Kuhva (52%). About 37% were symptomatic. The common symptoms observed were fever (19%), cough (14%), body pain (9%), and sore throat (9%). Only 4% had difficulty in breathing. 19 (45.24%) of the smokers were symptomatic while 18 (31.03%) were symptomatic among nonsmokers (P=0.092). Mortality was 0% among our study population.
Conclusion: The present study showed that symptomatic patients were more among smokers when compared with nonsmokers, but the findings were not statistically significant. Hence, further studies needed to be done in this area with a larger sample size.
Social Inequality and Ethnic Conflict in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Om
Published: January 2023

Equality is perceived as the backbone of a democratic society. But inequality, whether horizontal or vertical and objective or perceived, exists even in a democratic society and Nepal is not an exception. The political mission of the Nepali state is to create an equal and inclusive society by eliminating all forms of discrimination and oppression created by the feudal, autocratic, centralized, and unitary state on the ground of origin, race, religion, caste, class, language, gender, and geographical specificities and protect and promote unity in diversity, social solidarity, and cultural harmony. To achieve its mission, the government has introduced various laws/bylaws and pursued various policy measures and development programs, such as social inclusion and affirmative action, as remedies for discrimination and inequality. However, these laws, policies, and programs have not led discriminated and marginalized communities to equality and social justice as they continue to remain discriminated against and unequal. In this paper, I argue that discrimination and inequality in Nepal is a structural problem, for Nepal is a hierarchically stratified society based on caste. In such a caste-based hierarchically stratified society, discrimination, inequality, and injustice cannot be removed easily without the state’s strong intervention with appropriate social measures. In this context, all laws/bylaws, policies, and programs initiated and introduced by the government are to mask the problems of discrimination and inequality and disguise indigenous peoples and marginalized communities. They are part of remedies, not an end-all cure. These partial remedies are neither adequate nor effective and appropriate to address grievances of historically discriminated indigenous and other marginalized communities. As a result, Nepal is still in a state of ethnic conflict. I have substantiated my arguments with empirical evidence (primarily qualitative data), which I have collected from ethnographic field research. I have also used quantitative data from secondary sources which is essential to supplement my qualitative data.
Striving for Urban Space: A Case of Street Vendors of Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Khawas Namrata
Published: January 2023

Street vending is an important component of the informal economy of a city. It forms the major base of livelihood for a significant proportion of the urban poor. Embedded with the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological realm of urban anthropology and the right to the city, this article assesses vendors’ striving for subsistence livelihoods amidst the increased rigidness of local authorities towards them in Pokhara. Based on qualitative data collected through the ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the market centers of Pokhara Metropolitan City, this article documents the struggle of women street vendors against challenges posed by metropolis authority and their police, customers, and shopkeepers. As captured in stories, they strive against these challenges to support their livelihood. Their ceaseless striving for urban space for undertaking vending practices continues. The tireless engagement of the street vendors in coping with the adversities created by different agencies is an indication that they have been claiming certain kinds of rights over urban space in Pokhara City.
Women in Neurosurgery
Authors: Tamrakar Karki Karuna
Published: January 2023

No abstract available.
Bovine Arch Variation Detected During Cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography in Nepalese Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tamrakar Karki Karuna
Published: January 2023

Background:Anatomical variation of aortic arch play’s significant role in diagnosing and planning further therapeutic intervention of cerebrovascular diseases. Objectives: Aim of this study was to review the neck vessels arising from the aorta and to determine the prevalence of aortic arch variation in digital subtraction angiography.
Materials and methods: after ethical clearance from institutional review board, study was conducted retrospectively in 129 patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography for various reasons from December 2020 to December 2021. Age ranged between 21-87 years old. 88 were males and 41 were females. Mean age was 57.89.
Results: bovine arch variations were found in 2.3% in our study population. Classic branching pattern was demonstrated in 97 % of studied cases.
Conclusion: Determining bovine arch variation though rarely detected, is essential for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention of cerebrovascular conditions for uncomplicated navigation of catheters and guide wires.
Practice of Tracheostomy Decannulation among Neurosurgery Patients: Single Center Study
Authors: Thapa Dinesh Kumar , Khadka Ayesha , Prasai Arzoo , Tamrakar Karki Karuna
Published: January 2023

Background: A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure in which trachea is opened below the larynx from which a tube is placed in trachea to facilitate mechanical ventilation, removal of tracheo-bronchial secretions and to protect upper airway. The aim of this study is to find out the current status of decannulation following institutional guideline.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was done among patients in neurosurgery with tracheostomy who were successfully decannulated. This study was conducted in department of neurosurgery B&C Medical College Teaching Hospital, Jhapa, Birtamode. Total 47 patients were included in this study those underwent decannulation. Various demographic data including gender age diagnosis, days of tracheostomy and decannulation started day were recorded and entered in SPSS and version 20.
Results: Among 47 patients, male were 81% (38) and females 19 %( 9). Road Traffic accident is the most common diagnosis 66% (31) among tracheostomy patients. The average days with Tracheostomy were 24. And after decannulation process, the successful tracheostomy closure in 83% (39) patients was achieved.
Conclusion: Patients with tracheostomy tube could be decannulated successfully by following strict institutional guidelines, adequate medical and nursing care in a center with limited resources.
Internet Gaming Disorder among Undergraduate Health Sciences Students in the Pokhara Valley: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shahi Sujata , Baral Yuba Raj , Mishra Durga Khadka
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is an emerging public health impact of technological advancement and globalization. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and factors associated with IGD among Undergraduate Health Sciences students.
Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of November to July 2020. A total of 412 college students from Undergraduate Health Sciences colleges of Pokhara Metropolitan city in Gandaki province, Nepal were enrolled. Online google forms were sent to all the eligible students through email and other social media sites like Facebook with the help of the coordinator and class representative. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS IBM v.22
Results: The finding of the study shows that the prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder among Undergraduate Health Sciences students was 7.1%. Sex (p=0.027), Loneliness level at home (p=0.019), number of close friends (p<0.001), types of game (p<0.001), time spent on playing game (p<0.001), and, type of gamer (p<0.001) were the factors associated with Internet Gaming Disorder among the participants.
Conclusion: Sex of the participants, loneliness level at home, number of close friends, types of game, time spent on the gameplay, and type of gamer are the contributing factors for developing Internet Gaming Disorder. It is important to focus on these factors to address Internet Gaming Disorder and its psychological health effects.
Epidemiological pattern of corneal foreign bodies and utilization of protective eye devices: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Samata , Khadka Deepak , Shrestha Arjun , Shrestha Nirsara , Suwal Barsha , Hamal Diwa , Shrestha Rajan , Khatri Bijay
Published: January 2023

Introduction: A corneal foreign body is the most common occupational ocular injury that can cause secondary infection or scars on the visual axis, decreasing vision. The study aimed to find out practices of wearing protective eye devices in the workplace and the factors influencing the utilization of such devices among patients with corneal foreign body (CFB) injury.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary eye hospital in Bhaktapur from April 2021 to August 2021. All patients with CFB attending the hospital were included in the study. CFB was removed with ocular examination under a slit lamp biomicroscope, and face-to-face interview was conducted.

Results: Among 142 patients, only one was female, and 41.5% had a previous history of CFB. The most common CFB particle was metallic (n=124, 87.3%),. Three-fourths (75.1%) of patients were not using eye-protective devices at the time of injury, and 45.1% tried physically removing the CFB in a harmful way. Nearly two in five (19.7%) had used topical antibiotics eye drops before presenting for CFB removal. Sixty-six (46.5%) reported never wearing any protective eye devices, and the main reason for not-wearing was the unavailability (48.4%) of such devices in their workplace. The awareness of the need for protective eye devices (p<0.001) was significantly associated with using protective eye devices during work.

Conclusion: The workers should be made aware of the consequences of harmful practices following CFB injury. The workers should wear protective eye devices to minimize the risk of ocular injury and consequent visual impairment.
Indications and Visual Outcome in Patients Undergoing Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Giri Puspa , Ranabhat Sudha , Bhandari Gopal , Sah Ranjeet
Published: January 2023

Background: Penetrating keratoplasty is commonly performed surgery in patients suffering from corneal blindness and visual impairment, where full thickness diseased cornea is replaced with healthy cornea. This study aims to outline indications of Penetrating keratoplasty and visual outcomes following the procedure.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective, hospital-based study included 48 eyes of 48 subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria and underwent Penetrating keratoplasty from January 2017-2020 at Bharatpur Eye Hospital. General ophthalmologic examination was done preoperatively and postoperatively. Indication of the surgery along with demographic outline and requisite investigations were performed.

Results: Mean age of the subjects was 47±1.83 years (13-74 years) where most of them were in 61-70years (23%) age group. Male subjects were more (62.5%) compared to females. Triple procedure was performed in 6.25 percent of patients. The most common indication was infective keratitis (52%) followed by corneal opacity/ scarring, regrafts, keratoconus and bullous keratopathy. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed slightly more for therapeutic purpose (52%) than optical. Intraoperative complications were observed in 16.7% of patients, positive vitreous pressure being the sole cause. Ameliorated visual acuity was observed in 71% of patients with43.75% of patients having VA of ≥3/60

Conclusion: Infective keratitis was the predominant indication followed by corneal opacity/ scarring. Penetrating keratoplasty helps in maintaining integrity of the globe along with restoration of vision
Procalcitonin Level and Organ Dysfunction in Children with Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Sandip Kumar , Sah Vikash Kumar , Dekate Parag Shankarrao
Published: January 2023

Background: Procalcitonin is produced in response to endotoxin or mediators released in response to bacterial infections and are reported to be sensitive predictor of sepsis and multiple organ failure. The main aim of this study was to correlate procalcitonin levels with the severity of organ dysfunction in children with sepsis.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done among children aged >1 month - 18 years admitted for sepsis in level 4 pediatric intensive care unit at Rainbow children Hospital, Hyderabad from July 2018 to January 2020. Children with sepsis due to burns and trauma were excluded. Procalcitonin levels were assessed on days 1 and 5 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant wherever applicable.

Results: Among 369 cases, procalcitonin levels showed positive correlation with severity of illness and multiorgan failure as evidenced by pediatric risk of mortality III score (mean score 6.44 ± 3.79) and worst sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (mean score 7.11 ± 4.27) respectively. Duration of non-invasive ventilation, invasive ventilation, pediatric intensive care unit stay, and mortality were significantly high in children with higher procalcitonin level. Mean procalcitonin level were significantly higher in culture positive cases (65.79 ± 77.10) compared to culture negative cases (37.99 ± 45.81).

Conclusion: In this study, positive correlation was observed between procalcitonin level and multiple organ dysfunctions in sepsis and septic shock.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Potential Renal Transplant Recipients and Live Donors in a Tertiary Level Transplant Center in Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Suresh , Khatri Bikash , Chemjong Deepa , Khatri Bijay , Shah Dibya Singh
Published: January 2023

Background: Active tuberculosis in transplant recipients can result from latent infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in the transplant recipients, donor tissue, or de novo post-transplant infection. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in potential renal transplant recipients and live donors at a tertiary-level transplant center.

Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted from July to October 2020 among 72 potential kidney transplant recipients and their potential donors from the Department of Nephrology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. The biochemical parameters and health behaviors were measured to find the association with latent tuberculosis infection.

Results: The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection according to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific interferon-gamma release assays was 20.8% in potential recipients and 16.6% in potential donors, whereas the prevalence with tuberculin skin test was 9.7% in potential recipients and 33.3% in potential donors. Low levels of hemoglobin, calcium, albumin, vitamin D and history of smoking were associated with the development of latent tuberculosis infection among potential recipients. Alcohol drinking was significantly associated with the development of latent tuberculosis infection among donors.

Conclusion: Potential renal transplant recipients and donors have a significant burden of latent tuberculosis in the pre-transplantation phase. Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis before transplantation can prevent ominous complications.
Sepsis Screen Parameters in Blood Culture Positive Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Sah Vijay Kumar , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Giri Arun , Singh Sandip Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacteremia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first 28 days of life. Although, Positive blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of neonatal septicemia, definitive culture results take at least 48–72 h, resulting in treatment delay. Hence certain rapid diagnostic tests such as C-reactive protein, micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and immature/total neutrophil count ratio collectively termed as the “Sepsis Screen” is used. The aim of this research is to study the relation between sepsis screen parameters and blood culture proven neonatal sepsis and to assess the clinical profile of neonates with culture-proven sepsis.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted on 97 clinically suspected neonatal sepsis cases in the neonatal intensive care unit.. Sepsis screen tests were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The culture results were correlated with sepsis screen tests and p-value<0.05 was considered significant. 

Results: Early-onset sepsis was seen in 47.4% cases, while late-onset sepsis accounted for 52.6% cases. Immature to total neutrophil ratio was the single best reliable sepsis screen test with a high specificity, PPV, and negative predictive values of 93.8%, 85.7%, and 88.4% respectively.

Conclusion: Most of the individual sepsis screen parameters showed statistical correlation with blood culture status, yet Immature to total neutrophil ratio had highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and proved to be a sensitive and responsive indicator of neonatal sepsis.
SEDIMENTARY MANGANESE DEPOSITS IN CARAJÁS, BRAZIL
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil, Costa Marcondes , Fernandez Oscar ,   Federal Institute of Technolgy Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil, Requelme Marlis ,   Federal Institute of Technolgy Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil, Costa Luiz Cláudio ,   Vale S.A, Carajás, Brazil; at the time the work was carried out ., Delgado Carlos ,   Vale S.A, Carajás, Brazil;
Published: January 2023

The Carajás Mineral Province in Brazil is actually one of the most important in the world because it contains world-class mineral deposits (Fe, Cu, Au, Ni and Mn), partly enriched by lateritic weathering (Fe, Mn, Ni). It carries at least four manganese ore deposits: Azul, Buritirama, Sereno-Conquista and Buriti, of these Azul and Buritirama are productive mines. The Azul deposit is the earliest known and was initially considered as typically lateritic. Further studies show that much of the reserves are classically associated with carbonaceous gray to black mineralized shales and enriched in manganese oxyhydroxides, where cryptomelane is the major ore mineral, enveloped by thick packets of red siltstones and sandstones of lower age Proterozoic (around 2.1 Ga). The mineralogical composition of rocks and ore, isotopic data, abundance of carbonaceous organic matter and the presence of stromatolite structures show deposition in a shallow platform, where the source of manganese and associated metals were mainly of ocean hydrothermal origin, while the sediments of the rocks would have a main continental source from Archean rocks. Rhodochrosite is restricted and diagenetic, likely pyrite. Tectonic deformations reached the whole package and provided environment and structures for remobilization and reprecipitation of Mn-oxyhydroxides of high content and crystallinity. These two types of ores were the source of lateritic ore and colluvionary, already practically depleted
Daycare and Inpatient Hemithyroidectomy: A Cost Minimisation and Safety Study-Hospital Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Experience
Authors: Atan Nur husna , Abdullah Suhaimi Shahrun Niza , Awang Raflis Ruzairee , Darail Nor Azham Hakim
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The duration of daycare surgery (DS) is relatively shorter compared to other types of surgeries. The main objective here is to provide comfort to the patients and family members without compromising safety and quality of medical care for the patients. In addition, there are many proven advantages of DS such as shorter waiting time, earlier return to work, reduced cross-infections, reduced cancellation rates due to emergency cases and cost-effective. Due to the constraints of inpatient operating time and availability of hospital beds, thyroid surgery is performed as DS in our centre. In this study, we analysed the cost-effectiveness and safety between the daycare and inpatient hemithyroidectomy. Methods: This cost minimisation comparative study was conducted in Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia, from January 2019 to June 2021. The total cost for each hemithyroidectomy for providers and patients were calculated for both groups. Any complications in the surgery for the two groups were documented. Result: Seventy-one patients were recruited: forty-one (57.7%) daycare hemithyroidectomies and thirty (42.3%) inpatient hemithyroidectomies. The cost of daycare hemithyroidectomy were significantly lower than the inpatient hemithyroidectomy with a median percentile of RM1089.00 (IQR= RM 339.48) and RM 1477.10 (IQR = RM 434.02) respectively (p-value <0.001). None of the patients in either group developed any surgical complications. Conclusion: Daycare hemithyroidectomy minimises the cost for providers while still maintaining the safety of the procedure. Therefore, daycare hemithyroidectomy is cost-effective and should be advocated in all tertiary hospitals in Malaysia.
O ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR SUPERVISIONADO EM FORMATO REMOTO
Authors: Lopes Rodrigo Oliveira , Lüdke Everton
Published: January 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os processos de aprendizagem e de construção da identidade docente durante o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS), realizado em formato de Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), em um curso de licenciatura em Química. O problema de pesquisa que norteou a investigação: quais as implicações do ECS em formato remoto sobre as aprendizagens e sobre a constituição docente de estagiários em um curso de Licenciatura em Química? Para responder o problema são analisados relatórios de 11 licenciandos que realizaram o ECS no ano de 2020 a partir do referencial metodológico da Análise Textual Discursiva e do referencial teórico dos Focos de Aprendizagem Docente. O trabalho analítico selecionou 136 unidades de significado que foram organizadas por semelhança em cinco categorias emergentes, a saber: estágio e a identidade docente, despertar pelo interesse da docência, reflexões e aprendizagens sobre a docência, vínculos entre estagiários, regente e estudantes, desafios do estágio na pandemia. A conclusão é que o formato remoto não constitui um obstáculo definitivo às aprendizagens e à formação da identidade do professor. Contudo, o estágio neste período produziu, principalmente, aprendizagens específicas ao trabalho docente em formato remoto. Sobre a identidade docente, embora os discursos dos sujeitos tenham apontado a sua consolidação, a investigação reconheceu que o formato da realização do estágio impôs dificuldades relativas à interação entre estagiários e demais sujeitos envolvidos, aspecto que prejudicou a consolidação da identidade destes profissionais em formação.
USO DAS TDIC NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Stefanello Flávia , Vargas Vanessa Boscato , Vieira Josimar de Aparecido , Junges Junior Mario Luiz
Published: January 2023

Desde o início da pandemia da Covid-19 no ano 2020, o processo educativo de estudantes em todo o mundo vem passando por uma série de mudanças envolvendo desde a qualidade e êxito do ensino, até dificuldades de acesso ao meio digital, resultando entre outros aspectos, no alto índice de evasão escolar. No contexto das escolas do campo, onde essa situação tornou-se rotineira, se faz necessário analisar e abordar como foi (e está sendo) este percurso, considerando as particularidades do campo e as limitações de acesso ao mundo virtual. Para tanto, o escopo deste estudo é analisar impactos do uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) no contexto da educação do campo diante da pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo teórico-bibliográfico de natureza exploratória, elaborado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, constituída de livros, artigos de periódicos e com material disponibilizado na Internet, seguindo abordagem qualitativa do problema e descritivo analítico quanto aos objetivos. Na sua organização foram definidas as seguintes categorias de análise: contexto e possibilidades da educação do campo; uso das TDIC no espaço escolar; presença de tecnologias no processo ensino-aprendizagem da educação do campo diante da pandemia da Covid-19. Os resultados indicam que o uso das tecnologias na educação do campo está proporcionado um processo ensino-aprendizagem interativo, eficiente e ágil, impactando positivamente na formação profissional e pessoal dos estudantes e professores, melhorando a qualidade do ensino, tornando ambientes de aprendizagens atraentes, despertando a curiosidade e servindo de estímulos para novas descobertas e conhecimentos.
RODAS POÉTICAS
Authors: Nascimento Diego Ebling do , Richter Sandra Regina Simonis , Pinto Aline da Silva
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho apresenta a ação de extensão “Rodas Poéticas: Educação e Fruição em Dança” que abordou os estudos e as relações entre a Arte/Dança-Educação e se propôs, por meio de Rodas Poéticas, realizar um momento de formação para professores em atuação na Educação Básica e/ou estudantes da graduação. Esta experiência foi desenvolvida junto ao Grupo de Pesquisa Estudos Poéticos Educação e Linguagem, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), durante o primeiro semestre de 2021. A escolha do tema intitulado “Educação e Fruição em Dança” se deu devido a lacuna existente na formação continuada de professores de Dança, já que a maior parte dos cursos de formação continuada em Artes são ofertados em outras linguagens. Assim, o curso pretendeu colocar a Dança em primeiro plano. O objetivo geral foi ampliar as concepções de dança das e dos participantes por meio da fruição de obras artísticas e vivências poéticas em dança. Como objetivos específicos traçamos: a) Reconhecer grupos de dança nacionais e internacionais. b) Improvisar em dança. c) Compor sequências de movimento em dança. d) Refletir criticamente sobre as experiências pessoais e coletivas em Dança e Educação vivenciadas nas aulas. O curso contou com professores e estudantes de diferentes regiões. As aulas formam realizadas de forma síncrona e assíncrona contendo momentos de conversas, exposição de materiais (vídeos, textos, PPTs), fazeres em dança e produção de textos.
ESTUDANTES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DIANTE DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Kuhn Adele Stein , Vieira Josimar de Aparecido , Trentin Lídia Paula , Vieira Marilandi Maria Mascarello
Published: January 2023

A declaração da pandemia da Covid-19 em março de 2020 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e a crise sanitária que acometeu o mundo afetou não somente a saúde como também a educação, que, no Brasil, inicialmente passou por um período de pausa e após foi retomada de forma remota. Diante deste contexto, neste estudo são analisados aspectos relacionados com as condições de estudos de estudantes da educação básica durante a pandemia da Covid-19, com destaque para a utilização das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDICs) e o processo ensino-aprendizagem que vem ocorrendo com a experiência de ensino remoto. Caracterizado como pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, foi desenvolvido seguindo abordagem qualitativa por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, constituída de livros, artigos de periódicos e com materiais disponibilizados na Internet com incidência em obras de autores que pesquisam sobre a temática. Na sua organização consta o percurso metodológico, na sequência são discorridas as seguintes categorias de análise: “estamos preparados para utilizar as TDICs?” e “o que aprendemos com a experiência de educação remota?”. Por fim, são apresentadas as considerações finais. Os resultados indicam, entre outras constatações, que as medidas de contenção da citada pandemia culminaram em acentuadas mudanças na rotina da população de modo geral e nela, dos estudantes e professores da educação básica.
APLICAÇÃO DE PROJETO EMPREENDEDOR POR MEIO DE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS EM UMA ESCOLA TÉCNICA ESTADUAL DE OSASCO (ETEC)
Authors: Cardoso Melina Aparecida Plastina , Yamato Maira Akemi Casagrande , Batista Daniel Strufaldi
Published: January 2023

: Empreender é ter a coragem de acreditar na execução de uma ideia ou criação e, a partir dela, ser capaz de galgar seus inúmeros frutos que estão relacionados a: experiências, aprendizados, dinheiro, entre outros. Empreender também baseia-se na decisão de realizar uma tarefa, ainda que trabalhosa; resulta na tentativa e na experimentação da execução; na submissão de provas e novas experiências. Este artigo traz, portanto, o relato de experiência das atividades desenvolvidas a partir de um projeto empreendedor executado durante a disciplina “Práticas de Empreendedorismo - Atitude Empreendedora (PEA)” do Ensino Médio com Itinerário formativo em Ciências e Engenharias, da ETEC Osasco, São Paulo, Brasil. A metodologia proposta baseou-se em metodologias passivas tradicionais juntamente com as metodologias ativas de aprendizagem. O trabalho realizado juntamente com os discentes em questão foi capaz de verificar que alunos que são estimulados ao empreendedorismo, são capazes de apresentar boas ideias empreendedoras, despertando naturalmente e consequentemente, seu tino empreendedor.
Evaluation of Myocardial Function in Cases of Gestational Hypertension Using Myocardial Performance Index
Authors: Al-Rikabi Zainab A. , Saeed Ghassan T. , Haji Ghazi Farhan
Published: January 2023

Background: Gestational hypertension represents a transient period of elevated blood pressure with  special effects on the maternal left ventricle that is different from the effects observed in chronic essential   hypertension; it affects a previously normal heart and lasts for a maximum of nine months associated with   volume and pressure overload on the maternal heart. Tei index (also called myocardial performance index)   was found to be a dependent combined index evaluating the systolic and diastolic function of the left   ventricle and represents a sensitive indicator for many types of heart diseases.Objective: to evaluate the effects of gestational hypertension on the maternal myocardial function during  the third trimester by measuring the Tie index using transthoracic echocardiography.Method: This study was performed in Baghdad teaching hospital in the time period from November 2015  to August 2016. The study included a total of 150 women; 100 women had gestational hypertension, in the third trimester of a singleton pregnancy and with a mean age (29.83 ± 5.33 year), gestational hypertension   was identified as elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg that emerges after the20th week of gestation with proteinuria level lower than 300 mg/dl. Another 50 normotensive pregnant   women with singleton pregnancy and mean age (28 ± 3.18 year) were used as controls. Left ventricular  mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were measured to find the type of hypertrophy in  gestational hypertension. Ejection fraction (EF) was measured with 2D directed M mode echocardiography,and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), isovolumic contraction rime (ICT) and ejection time (ET) were  measured for both groups using pulse wave Doppler echocardiography in order to calculate the myocardial  performance index which is also called “Tei index” and equals the sum of IVRT and IVCT divided by theET (Tei index = IVRT+IVCT/ET).Results: Left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were significantly higher in gestational hypertensive women, 41% of gestational hypertensive women had normal geometry and 59% had abnormal  geometry (34% eccentric hypertrophy, 19% concentric hypertrophy and 6% concentric remodeling). IVRT and IVCT were significantly higher in gestational hypertensive women with p value of 0.0001 and P =0.003. ET showed a non-significant lower values (p= 0.34) in gestational hypertensive women. Tei index     was significantly higher in Gestational hypertension (P=0.011).Conclusion: Women with gestational hypertension had altered myocardial function characterized by the             higher Tei index values associated with eccentric hypertrophy which can be explained by the fact that gestational hypertension poses higher afterload on the left ventricle instead the state of low peripheral resistance that is ysually expected during normotensive pregnancy.
Inference of the Meanings Idiom
Authors: Qadir Sherko Hamaamin , M. Rashid Ehsan Sabir
Published: January 2023

Semantics as a part of the sciences related to meaning and the interpretation of semantic features and signs has an own important. Regarding the meaning of fixed-expressions and idioms as one of these expressions, this study is entitled (Inference of the meanings of the Idiom) tries to interpret idioms as a set of fixed-expressions and carry Lexical and non-Lexical meanings Present other views,Thus, after presenting the definition and characteristics of idioms, giving the necessary examples and analysis of examples related to meanings  analysis and the meaning of letters and non-letters, idioms are divided into two types, Lexical and non-Lexical. On the other hand, the relationship between form and meaning of idioms are interconnected each other, so that idioms are known to have a fixed form and an ambiguity meaning and form and meaning are tightly linked together, this relationship is presented in a new way in this study. From this perspective, it is divided into several types and the necessary examples and analysis are presented.
Marketing Profession and Women's Skills in Kurdish Television Programs
Authors: Abdalqadir Nusaiba Farih , Hamasaeed Nazakat Hussain
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this study is to show the role of television programs in promoting women's abilities, to demonstrate the role of television in creating marketplaces for women's professions and skills, and to indicate the measure to which women relied on television. Women's abilities focus on the implications of Kurdish television in locating markets for women's professions and the degree to which women rely on Kurdish television to help them develop their abilities. The researcher created a survey form to collect data. The form consisted of three topics and 27 items. The other part of the form was dedicated to obtaining general information from the respondents, in which eight questions were asked. The data were collected from all women entrepreneurs in both provinces of Suleimani and Halabja; 100 forms were returned correctly. The research used several statistical tools to analyze and interpret the results.

Among the most important findings of this study, Kurdish televisions try to pay attention to women's level by establishing several programs dedicated to women's abilities and promoting their professions.
SELEKSI JAMUR ENDOFIT TANAMAN NIPAH (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) DAN UJI ANTAGONISME TERHADAP Ganoderma boninense Pat. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG KELAPA SAWIT SERTA IDENTIFIKASINYA
Authors: Surya Arifah Hasnita , Ali Muhammad , Venita Yunel
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mendapatkan isolat jamur endofit dari tanaman nipah (Nypa fruticans) yang berdaya antagonis tinggi terhadap G. boninense penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) pada tanaman kelapa sawit secara in vitro serta mengidentifikasinya hingga tingkat genus. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Riau dimulai dari November 2020 hingga Februari 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda eksplorasi (isolasi dan pemurnian jamur endofit tanamn nipah), observasi (uji hipovirulensi isolat jamur endofit tanaman nipah, uji hiperparasitisme jamur endofit tanaman nipah yang memiliki daya antagonis tinggi terhadap G. boninense dan identifikasi isolat jamur endofit tanaman nipah yang memiliki daya antagonis terhadap G. boninense) dan eksperimen (uji daya antagonis jamur endofit tanaman nipah terhadap G. boninense, uji diameter dan kecepatan tumbuh koloni isolat jamur endofit tanaman nipah yang memiliki daya antagonis tinggi terhadap G. boninense). Data karakteristik makroskopis, hipovirulensi, hiperparasitisme dan identifikasi jamur endofit antagonis tinggi disajikan secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Data antagonism, diameter pertumbuhan dan laju pertumbuhan jamur yang berdaya antagonis tinggi dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan untuk membandingkan rata-rata perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji duncan’s new multiple range test (DNMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 20 isolat, dimana 14 isolat adalah jamur yang bersifat hipovirulen dan 6 isolat bersifat virulen. 6 isolat memiliki nilai daya antagonis lebih tinggi terhadap G. boninense. Isolat N17 (jamur endofit asal daun tanaman nipah) yang memiliki nilai antagonis tertinggi dan berpotensi sebagai agens hayati yaitu 71,33% dengan diameter kecepatan tumbuh 89,75 mm serta 24,48 mm.hari-1. Tipe interaksi hiperparasitisme masing-masing jamur endofit tanaman nipah berbeda-beda yaitu penempelan  (N7), pelilitan (N17 dan N14), penjeratan (N8) dan lisis (N5 dan N16). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat N7 termasuk kedalam genus Aspergillus sp., isolat N8 termasuk kedalam genus Gliocladium sp. dan 4 isolat lain yaitu N5, N14, N16 dan N17 belum teridentifikasi.
PEMANFAATAN BEBERAPA LIMBAH PERTANIAN SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PADA BUDIDAYA TEMBAKAU PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Ningsih Mismawarni Srima , Fardedi  , Syafrison  , Elviati  , Abdullah Ardi Sardina
Published: January 2023

Persoalan mendasar budidaya tembakau adalah semakin menurunnya produktivitas lahan, disebabkan oleh sistem pertanian monokultur dan intensif penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang berakibat penurunan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair limbah pertanian yaitu daun lamtoro, daun tithonia, kulit umbi singkong dan buah pepaya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tembakau serta membandingkan dengan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di lokasi yang sama. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen, Rancangan Acak Lengkap 4 perlakuan, yaitu pemberian POC daun Tithonia, daun lamtoro, kulit umbi singkong dan buah pepaya dengan 10 ulangan. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 26 dan uji lanjut DNMRT taraf 5%. Dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa pengaplikasian POC daun lamtoro menghasilkan tembakau dengan tinggi, jumlah daun, panjang daun dan lebar daun lebih besar dibanding POC lain. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah limbah pertanian yang difermentasi menjadi pupuk organik cair dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk karena dapat menghasilkan tembakau dengan tinggi, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun dan diameter batang yang tidak berbeda dengan tembakau yang diaplikasikan pupuk anorganik (pupuk buatan).
GEOMORPHOLOGY OF SMALL ISLANDS AND ITS SEAFLOOR PROFILES IN THE EASTERN AND WESTERN HALMAHERA WATERS
Authors: Angkotasan Abdul Motalib , Bengen Dietriech G , Bengen Dietriech G , Nurjaya I Wayan , Nurjaya I Wayan , Zamani Neviaty P , Zamani Neviaty P , Natih Nyoman M.N , Natih Nyoman M.N , Novico Franto , Novico Franto
Published: January 2023

The geomorphology of small islands in the eastern and western parts of Halmahera Island encompasses diversities of geological processes, island forms and types, and topography. The typology of the small islands to the west of Halmahera Island is volcanic and are categorized as hilly islands. To the east, there are coral islands classified as flat islands with smaller area contrast to volcanic ones. This study aims to analyze the land mass elevation of the small islands and the sub-bottom profiles in the eastern and western Halmahera waters. Island elevation data was obtained from Sentinel-2B imagery, whereas seafloor topographic data was acquired from direct field measurements using a GPS sounder. First, the image data underwent atmospheric, radiometric, and sunlight corrections, while the actual depth was estimated through bathymetry correction using tidal data. Then, QGIS version 3.16.6 and ArcGIS version 10.8 were used to analyze the data. The results show that the slope degree of volcanic islands is higher and their seafloor topography is steeper than that of coral islands. The slope degree of Ternate, Maitara, Tidore, and Hiri Islands, abbreviated as Termadoreh, is more than 30o with elevation of more than 100 meters, characterizing hilly islands. While there is only Pakal Island in Buli Bay that has a slope of 33o and the highest elevation of only 100 meters, it is nevertheless considered a flat island. Significantly, the different typologies indicate different morphogenesis and sub-bottom topography; i.e., volcanic islands have higher slope degrees and steeper seafloor profiles compared to coral islands.
Upaya Guru PAI dalam Menerapkan Situasi Belajar Mengajar dengan Metode Make a Match di Sekolah SMP Negeri 1 Mojoagung Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Chotimah Chusnul , Alfina Tahta
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the efforts of Islamic Religious Education teachers in applying the Make a match type cooperative learning method to the students of SMP Negeri 1 Mojoagung. This research is a qualitative research. The subjects in this study were all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Mojoagung. The process of applying the Make a Match type of cooperative learning method in the subject of Islamic Religious Education in class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Mojoagung runs effectively and efficiently according to the steps that have been determined. In the steps of applying the make a match method, the researcher saw that the process was in accordance with the theory, and during the process of applying the students it was quite easy to be invited to work together to carry out the steps of the make a match method. This can be seen from the increase in student activity in participating in the learning process of Islamic Religious Education.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran TGT Pada Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MA Al-Bairuny
Authors: Wardani Dian Kusuma , Alaul Huda Saihul Atho’ , AL-Adawiyah Robiatul Al
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the TGT learning model on the learning outcomes of class X students at MA Al-Bairuny Jombang. The method used is the experimental method. In this study, the research subjects were students of class X IPS I as an experimental class using the TGT learning model and class X IPS II as a control class using the lecture method. The data analysis technique used the "t" test and the significance level used was 0.05. The results of this study indicate that the use of the TGT learning method has an influence on student learning outcomes in the Akidah Akhlak subject. This is evidenced by the results of hypothesis testing using the t-test, which is significant (0.000) < (0.05) so that Ho is rejected. Thus, it shows that the TGT learning model has a significant influence on learning outcomes. From this research, it can be said that the TGT learning model has a fairly good effect compared to the lecture method.