bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK
Authors: Yusnawarni Yusnawarni
Published: June 2018

To commemorate the 21st century, a new learning model was designed in 2013 curriculum, in which there is a shift from teachers give knowledge to students become student must actively seek out knowledge from a variety of learning resources. In this case, the teacher acts as facilitators. Thus, language is a very central role, because the language should be in front of all other subjects. Curriculum 2013 imposed a thematic integrated learning which is no longer based subjects. Various subjects for primary schools (such as: Religion, Civics, Indonesian, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and so on) are integrated intoone book. The subject matter is not presented in textbook, but it presented in book thematics lesson, the themes are about nature, social life and culture. In this new curriculum, learning process is implemented by applying a scientific approach (observing, questioning, experimenting, associating, and networking) that includes three aspects such as attitudes, knowledge, and skills. So, how is the role of Indonesian in an integrated thematic learning by applying scientific approaches in primary schools in 2013 curriculum? By appying the method, the object of this paper is to gain preview about the role of Indonesian in 2013 curriculum that uses integrated thematic learning by scientific approach in primary schools.AbstrakUntuk menyongsong abad ke-21, model pembelajaran baru dirancang dalam Kurikulum 2013, yang di dalamnya terdapat pergeseran dari siswa diberi tahu menjadi siswa harus aktif mencari tahu ilmu pengetahuan dari berbagai sumber belajar. Dalam hal ini, guru berperan sebagai fasilitator. Dengan demikian, peran bahasa menjadi sangat sentral, karena bahasa harus berada di depan semua mata pelajaran lain. Kurikulum 2013 memberlakukan pembelajaran tematik terpadu yang tidak lagi berbasis mata pelajaran. Berbagai mata pelajaran untuk sekolah dasar (seperti: Agama, PPKN, Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika, IPA, IPS, dan sebagainya) diintegrasi menjadi satu buku. Materi pelajaran tidak disajikan dalam buku mata pelajaran, tetapi dalam buku tema pelajaran, baik tema alam, sosial, maupun budaya. Proses pembelajaran dalam kurikulum baru ini diimplementasikan melalui pendekatan saintifik (mengamati, menanya, menalar, mencoba, dan mengomunikasikan) yang mencakup tiga aspek, yaitu sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Lalu, bagaimana peran bahasa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran tematik terpadu melalui pendekatan saintifik di sekolah dasar pada Kurikulum 2013 ini? Melaluimetode deskriptif, yang menjadi tujuan penulisan ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran mengenai peran bahasa Indonesia dalam Kurikulum 2013 yang menggunakan pembelajaran tematik terpadu melalui pendekatan saintifik di sekolah dasar.
VARIASI ISOLEK MELAYU DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Irsan Muhammad
Published: June 2018

This study discusses the variation of Malay isolects in South Sumatra dealing with phonological and lexical variation. This sudy used diachronic dialectology approach. The data were gathered by the method of conversation with interview techniques using the questionnaires of Research on Cognates and Mapping of Regional Language in Indonesia.The interview was conducted on informants from 21 villages. The vocabulary evidences are described in the form of sound variations and correspondences as well as the types of sound changes based on the framework as performed by Lehman, Hock, and Crowley. Dialectometry and lexicostatistics were used to determine the status of language and cognates between the isolects. The research findings showed that there were phonological and lexical correspondences in vocals and consonants. Sound variations found in this study were caused by morphophonemic and nasalization processes. Sound changes in the form of metathesis, mergers, epenthesis, aphaeresis, syncope, and apocope were also found along with Van der Tuuk correspondence rules in the form of sound variation r~l, d~l and other variations, such as l~t, h~l, d~n, and h~s. The sound correspondences and variations showed the riches of dialectal variation as a characteristic of Malay isolects in South Sumatra, which derived from the same language, i.e. the Malay. The result of lexicostatistics and dialectometry analysis strengthened the interdialect cognates and the same language status between the isolects.AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas variasi isolek-isolek Melayu di Sumatera Selatan yang mencakupi variasi fonologis dan leksikal. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian dialektologi diakronis. Data diperoleh dengan metode cakap dengan teknik wawancara menggunakan kuesioner Penelitian Kekerabatan dan Pemetaan Bahasa di Indonesia terhadap para informan di 21 daerah pengamatan. Realisasi berian kosakata diuraikan dalam bentuk variasi dan korespondensi bunyi serta jenis-jenis perubahan bunyi berdasarkan kerangka kerja sebagaimana dilakukan oleh Lehman, Hock, dan Crowley. Penghitungan dialektometri dan leksikostatistik digunakan untuk mengetahui status kebahasaan dan hubungan kekerabatanantarisolek-isolek Melayu di Sumatera Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korespondensi fonologis dan leksikal dalam bentuk vokal maupun konsonan. Variasi bunyi yang ditemukan berupa variasi yang disebabkan oleh proses morfofonemik dan nasalisasi. Perubahan bunyi berupa metatesis, merger, epentesis, aferesis, sinkope, dan apokope juga ditemukan dalam penelitian ini beserta korespondensi bunyi hukum Van der Tuuk dalam bentuk variasi r~l, d~l dan variasi lainnya, yaitu l~t, h~l, d~n, dan h~s. Korespondensi dan variasi bunyi itu menunjukkan kekayaan variasi dialektal sebagai ciri khas isolek-isolek bahasa Melayu di Sumatera Selatan yang berakar dari bahasa yangsama, yaitu bahasa Melayu. Hasil penghitungan leksikostatistik dan dialektometri memperkuat bukti hubungan kekerabatan antardialek dan status kebahasaan yang sama di antara isolek-isolek itu.
MAJAS SARKASME DALAM PENULISAN KOMENTAR PADA "5 IRONI AKIL MOCHTAR, KETUA MK YANG DITANGKAP KPK"
Authors: Irfariati Irfariati
Published: June 2018

As a Chairman of the Constitutional Court that is used to be associated with the law, it is unfortunate if Akil Mochtar ultimately can not escape from the law itself over what he had done. The crimes committed have forced him to leave the position and accepted the punishment, both the law and the punishment of  public justice. Criticism and  scathing comments from the public flew due to deep disappointment  at  the head of this legal institution. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of sarcasm figure of speech contained in the group www.merdeka.com which commented and described a variety of language  used in the disclosure of sarcasm figure of speech group www.merdeka.com comments (5 Ironi Akil Mochtar, Ketua MK yang ditangkap KPK. ("5 irony Akil Mochtar,  who  was  arrested  KPK  Chief  Justice"?) This study applied a qualitative descriptive method and discourse analysis technique. This study showed that the figure of speech used were in the form of sarcasm words and phrases. Types of the words used were in the  form of adjective, noun, and verb. While  the  language variation used based on the meaning and the language used. The language variation used can be divided into a figure of speech in the form of calumny, calls, and commands. They included regional languages and foreign languages. The use of local and foreign languages are not completely due to there are so many code mixing  occurred when delivering the comments.Abstrak  Sebagai  seorang Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi  yang  notabene  selalu berhubungan dengan hukum, sangat disayangkan jika Akil Mochtar akhirnya  juga  tidak dapat menghindar dari hukum  itu  atas  apa  yang  telah  dilakukannya.  Tindakan  kriminal  yang  dilakukan  telah memaksanya  untuk melepaskan  jabatan  dan menerima  hukuman,  baik  hukum  peradilan maupun hukuman dari masyarakat. Kritikan dan komentar pedas dari masyarakat mengalir deras akibat kekecewaan yang dalam terhadap ketua institusi hukum ini. Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk majas  sarkasme  dan  ragam  bahasa  yang digunakan dalam pengungkapan majas sarkasme tersebut dalam komentar pada 5 Ironi Akil Mochtar, Ketua MK yang Ditangkap KPK (www.merdeka.com).  Penelitian  ini menggunakan  metode  penelitian deskriptif  kualitatif  melalui  teknik  analisis  wacana. Penelitian ini menunjukkan  bahwa majas  sarkasme  yang  digunakan  dalam  artikel  yang dijadikan sebagai data berupa kata dan frasa. Jenis kata yang digunakan berupa kata sifat, kata  benda,  dan  kata  kerja.  Sementara  ragam  bahasa  yang  digunakan  antara  lain berdasarkan  maksudnya  dan  bahasa  yang  digunakan.  Ragam  bahasa  berdasarkan maksudnya  dapat  pula  dibedakan  menjadi  majas  yang  berupa umpatan,  imbauan,  dan perintah.  Ragam  bahasa  yang  digunakan meliputi  bahasa  daerah  dan  bahasa  asing. Penggunaan  bahasa daerah  dan  bahasa  asing  ini  tidak  secara  utuh  penyajiannya  karena banyak terlihat campur kode dalam penyampaian kalimat komentar tersebut.
ETIKA WAYANG DALAM NOVEL-NOVEL INDONESIA
Authors: Sumiyardana Kustri
Published: June 2018

Literary  has  closed  relationship  with  culture. Authors  often  include  cultural  elements  to influence  it  in  their  literary  works.  It  is  also  done  by.  Javanese  authors  who  write Indonesian novels. Some authors include the story of wayang in their novels. By analyzing with textual method, this research described wayang ethics that existed in four Indonesian novels.  Based  on  the  analysis,  it  can  be  concluded  that  the  authors  often  include  the elements  from  wayang  story  due  to  the  fact  that  wayang  is  main  identity  of  Javanese people. The wayang elements  in Indonesian novels are  the plot of  the story  that identical with wayang acts and the  figures are created  similarly with  the  figures  in  wayang  story. The  similarities  showed  there  some  figures  in  wayang  story  who  became  the  idols  in society.Abstrak  Sastra berhubungan erat dengan kebudayaan. Seringkali pengarang memasukkan unsur-unsur budaya yang mempengaruhinya ke dalam karya-karya ciptaanya. Hal itu juga terjadi pada pengarang Jawa yang  menulis novel Indonesia. Ada beberapa pengarang yang memasukkan cerita wayang ke dalam novelnya. Melalui analisis dengan metode tekstual, penelitian ini menguraikan etika wayang yang terdapat dalam empat novel Indonesia. Dari hasil  analisis dapat  diketahui bahwa para pengarang  seringkali memasukkan unsur-unsur dari dunia pewayangan karena wayang adalah identitas utama manusia Jawa. Unsur-unsur pewayangan yang terdapat dalam novel Indonesia antara lain alur cerita yang diidentikkan dengan  lakon  wayang  dan  penyamaan  tokoh dengan  figur  dari  dunia  pewayangan. Penyamaan  tersebut menunjukkan  bahwa  ada  beberapa  tokoh  dalam  dunia wayang  yang diidolakan di masyarakat.
KALIMAT TUNGGAL DAN MAJEMUK BAHASA MELAYU DIALEK DALU-DALU KECAMATAN TAMBUSAI
Authors: Wermi Etri
Published: June 2018

The aim of this research is in order to prevent the fading of Dalu-Dalu Kecamatan Tambusai Dialect of Malay language from other regional languages, so that the original language will not extinguish. This research was handled in the middle of April 2004 until  finish,  in Dalu-Dalu, Kecamatan Tambusai. The material  compositions are  the  theory used, dialect,  syntax meaning, language  variation,  and  single  sentences,  simple  sentences,  aquivalent compound sentences.  The  materials  were  analyzed  by  using  descriptive  method. Data  collecting technique without statisticts. After doing the research for approximately three months, it can be  concluded  that  Dalu-Dalu  dialect  of  Malay  language  is  used  by  communiy  in communication formally and informally.Abstrak   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya pelunturan Bahasa Melayu Dialek Dalu-Dalu  Kecamatan  Tambusai  oleh  bahasa  daerah  lainnya,  sehingga  tidak  akan  terlihat  lagi keasliannya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada pertengahan April 2004 sampai dengan selesai, di  daerah  Dalu-Dalu,  Kecamatan  Tambusai.  Komposisi materi  yang  digunakan  yaitu  teori yang  dipergunakan,  dialek,  pengertian sintaksis,  variasi  bahasa,  dan  kalimat  tunggal,  serta kalimat  majemuk  setara.  Materi-materi  tersebut  diteliti  dengan  metode  deskriptif  dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, rekaman, dan wawancara, beserta penganalisisan data  dengan menggunakan  teknik  tidak  statistik.  Setelah melakukan  penelitian  baik  secara langsung maupun  tidak  langsung  selama  kurang  lebih  tiga  bulan, maka  dapat  disimpulkan bahwa  penggunaan  Bahasa Melayu  Dialek  Dalu-Dalu  Kecamatan  Tambusai  dipergunakan oleh masyarakat pemakainya dalam berkomunikasi baik formal maupun informal.
MEMAKNAI “SOLILOKUI PARA PENUNGGU HUTAN” MARHALIM ZAINI
Authors: Danardana Agus Sri
Published: June 2018

Sunday, February 1st 2015, Kompas published Marhalim Zaini’s (MZ) poetry, titled “Solilokui Para Penunggu Hutan”. This poetry is interesting because it is related to MZ’s oration when he was inaugurated as Seniman Pilihan Sagang 2011. In his oration, titled “Akulah Melayu yang Berlari (Percakapan-percakapan yang Tak Selesai tentang Ideologi dan Identitas Kultural)”, MZ showed the problem of his identity (as a Malay). The objectives of this article are to obtain the information about what/how the content of the text and to try getting to know how and why the poetry is presented. Due to the fact that the main problem is related to MZ’s idea, thought, willingness, and/or critics of Lancang Kuning Land, the analysis of this article will apply structuralism theory with expressive and mimesis approach. The result shows that it is MZ’s monologue with himself in order to express his feeling, hunch, inner conflict, and/or presented the information to readers about forest dwellers. It was not done by forest dwellers, but by MZ himself about the forest dwellers. It shows that if it is related to his anxiety so far (he was accused as a convert to Islam Malay), through his poetry “Solilokui Para Penunggu Hutan”, MZ is carrying out/will carry out his self-defense.AbstrakMinggu, 1 Februari 2015, Kompas memuat puisi Marhalim Zaini (MZ), berjudul “Solilokui Para Penunggu Hutan”. Puisi itu menarik karena diduga terkait dengan orasi MZ pada saat dikukuhkan sebagai Seniman Pilihan Sagang 2011. Dalam orasinya itu, berjudul “Akulah Melayu yang Berlari (Percakapan-percakapan yang Tak Selesai Tentang Ideologi dan Identitas Kultural)”, MZ mengangkat masalah identitas diri (kemelayuan)-nya. Di samping bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa/bagaimana isi teks, tulisan ini juga dimaksudkan untuk mencoba mengetahui bagaimana dan mengapa teks “Solilokui Para Penunggu Hutan” itu dihadirkan. Mengingat masalah utamanya berkaitan dengan gagasan, pemikiran, keinginan, dan/atau kritikan MZ atas bumi Lancang Kuning, analisis dalam tulisan ini akan menggunakan teori strukturalisme dengan pendekatan ekspresif dan mimesis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa “Solilokui Para Penunggu Hutan” merupakan wacana/dialog MZ dengan dirinya sendiri untuk mengungkapkan perasaan, firasat, konflik batin, dan/atau menyajikan informasi kepada pembaca tentang para penunggu hutan. Solilokui tidak dilakukan oleh para penunggu hutan, tetapi oleh MZ tentang para penunggu hutan. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa, jika dikaitkan dengan kegelisahannya selama ini (dituduh sebagai Melayu mualaf), melalui puisi “Solilokui Para Penunggu Hutan” itu, MZ sedang/hendak melakukan pembelaan.
AMBIVALENSI KEHIDUPAN TOKOH LARASATI DALAM ROMAN LARASATI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: KAJIAN PASCAKOLONIALISME
Authors: Nasri Daratullaila
Published: June 2018

Larasati is a novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer that records Indonesia’s flaming revolution at post-proclamation, not by “the great people and elders”, but a woman, Larasati. She was an ordinary villager whom became a stage artist and beautiful movie star as well as a woman who “prostitute herself to the colonialist”. This research uses post-colonialism theory and descriptive-analysis method. From the approachment used, the representation of ambivalency action from the live of the ruled ones can be seen.AbstrakRoman Larasati merupakan salah satu karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer yang merekam gejolak revolusi Indonesia pascaproklamasi, tetapi bukan dari “orang-orang besar maupun orang-orang tua”, melainkan dari seorang perempuan, yaitu Larasati. Larasati hanyalah perempuan kampung biasa yang menjadi seorang artis panggung dan bintang film cantik serta perempuan yang “melacurkan” dirinya pada penjajah. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian pascakolonialisme dan metode analisis deskriptif. Dari pendekatan yang digunakan terlihat gambaran sikap ambivalensi kehidupan orang terjajah terhadap penjajah.
PENGUKUHAN MITOS PADA CERPEN BAMBANG KARIYAWAN
Authors: Sarmianti Sarmianti
Published: June 2018

Myth and contra myth always exist in human beings life. Hence, both of them also exist in literary work. The existence of myths and contra myths in literary work can always be freedom or concerned. In the two short stories “Numbai” and “Lukah yang Tergantung di Dinding”, the myths are also presented by the authors and are attempted to be freedom by the new myths or contra myths. By applying structural analysis, the intrinsic elements of the myth and contra myth will be discovered. In these two short stories, the myths were presented from the beginning of the story and each of intrinsic elements supports the existence of myths. The myths are strengthened by the accidents that undergone by the main characters, as the agent who destroys myth. The meanings that can be taken from these two short stories are children must obey their parents.AbstrakMitos dan kontramitos selalu ada dalam kehidupan manusia. Karena itu, mitos dan kontramitos juga hadir dalam karya sastra. Kehadiran mitos dan kontramitos dalam karya selalu untuk dibebaskan atau dikukuhkan. Pada cerpen “Numbai” dan “Lukah yang Tergantung di Dinding”, mitos juga ditampilkan oleh pengarang dan dicoba untuk dihancurkan dengan mitos baru atau kontramitos. Melalui analisis struktural, kehadiran mitos dan kontramitos pada setiap unsur intrinsik dapat diketahui. Pada dua cerpen ini, mitos telah ditampilkan mulai dari awal cerita dan setiap unsur intrinsik mendukung kehadiran mitos. Mitos dikukuhkan dengan kemalangan yang menimpa tokoh utama, sebagai agen pendobrak mitos. Makna yang diperoleh dari dua cerpen ini adalah seorang anak wajib patuh pada orang tuanya.
MENAFSIRKAN TEKS SASTRA LISAN BADAMPIANG SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMAKNAI WARISAN BUDAYA BANGSA
Authors: Krisnawati Krisnawati
Published: June 2018

Minangkabau ethnic group, as other ethnic groups in Indonesia, has many kinds of cultural heritages. Among other is Badampiang, an oral tradition. Badampiang (acting of accompanying) is mutually responding poetry (berbalas pantun) by the time accompanying a groom to a bride’s house to do the procession of wedding. This tradition is currently threatened to extinct, whereas in fact, it has many positive values which are deserved to be inherited to the next generations. Thus, it is important to do a research on Badampiang. This paper discussed about the speakers, the music instruments, the place, the time and the condition of Badampiang utterances. Besides, this paper also discussed the meaning contained in the text of Badampiang. The method used to investigate the tradition of Badampiang is hermeneutics method and theory of values. Therefore, the various elements that exist can be found so that badampiang will realize and the values that contained in the oral tradition.AbstrakSuku bangsa Minangkabau, sebagaimana suku bangsa lainnya di Indonesia, memiliki berbagai warisan budaya. Di antara warisan budaya tersebut adalah tradisi lisan badampiang. Badampiang (melakukan pendampingan) adalah berbalas pantun ketika mendampingi mempelai laki-laki menuju rumah mempelai perempuan ketika hendak melakukan ijab kabul (pernikahan). Tradisi lisan badampiang saat ini terancam punah digerus waktu, padahal banyak nilai positif dalam teks badampiang yang layak diwariskan kepada generasi penerus. Oleh sebab itu, kajian terhadap badampiang sangat penting dilakukan. Melalui makalah ini dibahas pedendang, alat musik pengiring, tempat, waktu, dan suasana pedendangan badampiang. Selain itu, dibahas pula makna yang terkandung dalam teks badampiang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengkaji tradisi lisan ini adalah metode hermeneutika dan teori tentang nilai-nilai. Dengan demikian, terlihatlah berbagai unsur yang ada sehingga badampiang terwujud dan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi lisan tersebut.
CERITA RAKYAT KAMPAR “SI LANCANG”: ANALISIS FUNGSI PELAKU
Authors: Kurniati Chrisna Putri
Published: June 2018

The problem in this research, titled “Cerita Rakyat Kampar ‘Si Lancang’: Analisis Fungsi Pelaku” is about analysis offender. The purpose of this study was to document folklore Kampar “Si Lancang”, and describes, reveals the function of the actors in folklore Kampar Si Lancang”. The theory used Propp's theory about the functions of the perpetrators. This is a qualitative study using literature. The primary data bersumberkan Kampar folklore entitled “Si Lancang” issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture, Jakarta, 1982. The conclusion of the research is in the folklore that there are seven functions of the perpetrators.AbstrakPermasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian yang berjudul “Cerita Rakyat Kampar ‘Si Lancang”: Analisis Fungsi Pelaku” ini adalah analisis fungsi pelaku pada cerita rakyat Kampar yang berjudul “Si Lancang”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendokumentasikan cerita rakyat tersebut dan mendeskripsikannya, serta mengungkapkan fungsi pelaku dalam cerita rakyat itu. Teori yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah teori Propp tentang fungsi pelaku. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Data primernya bersumberkan cerita rakyat Kampar “Si Lancang” yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta 1982. Melalui analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam cerita rakyat tersebut terdapat tujuh fungsi pelaku.
PEMELAJARAN TATA BAHASA BERBASIS TEKS SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Lubis Rehan Halilah , Nurelide Nurelide
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini mencoba menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi guru tentang pemelajaran tata bahasa Indonesia yang tidak terdapat pada buku pegangan siswa maupun guru. Di samping itu, siswa kesulitan dalam membedakan imbuhan di- dan kata depan di yang terdapat pada teks. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pemelajaran tata bahasa berbasis teks siswa sekolah dasar di Kota Medan dan bagaimana hasil belajarnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan sumber data proses kegiatan belajar mengajar yang diambil dengan cara observasi langsung dan hasil belajar siswa yang diperoleh dari hasil tes. Lokasi penelitian adalah dua sekolah yang berada di Kecamatan Medan Selayang dan Medan Johor dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 60 orang. Pemelajaran tata bahasa berbasis teks siswa kelas V sekolah dasar di Kota Medan menciptakan sistem pemelajaran berfokus pada siswa. Siswa dituntut untuk mampu mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, serta mampu menemukan permasalahan dan menjawab permasalahan dengan tuntunan guru. Guru  dijadikan sebagai fasilitator dan motivator dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun nilai rata-rata hasil kegitan belajar mengajar belajar dengan menerapan  model pemelajaran tata bahasa berbasis teks dengan  cara belajar siswa aktif berjumlah 77,75. Nilai 77,75 dikategorikan baik.
Kesantunan Berbahasa Siswa dalam Berdiskusi
Authors: Cahyaningrum Fitria , Andayani Andayani , Setiawan Budhi
Published: June 2018

Kegiatan diskusi dapat menjadi upaya dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa melalui pengungkapan gagasan, ide, dan pendapat tentang suatu masalah. Namun, kadang masih muncul penggunaan bahasa yang kurang santun saat siswa menyampaikan pendapatnya. Diperlukan cara berdiskusi yang santun dengan diksi yang tepat saat berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kesantunan berbahasa siswa dalam diskusi kelas dan ciri penanda lingualnya. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiopragmatik. Data berupa tuturan siswa dalam diskusi kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui teknik perekaman dengan metode simak bebas libat cakap (SBLC). Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif berupa pengumpulan data, reduksi data, analisis data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pematuhan maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim kesederhanaan, maksim penghargaan, maksim kesepakatan, dan maksim kesimpatian. Adapun ciri penanda kesantunan linguistik berupa kata “silakan”, “tolong”, “maaf”, “terima kasih”, dan “mari”.
Safety and efficacy of a novel neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for elective craniotomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Bolin , Zhao Tianzhi , Zhao Binfang , Yu Daihua , Jiang Xue , Ye Lin , Zhao Lanfu , Lv Wenhai , Zhang Yufu , Zheng Tao , Xue Yafei , Chen Lei , Sankey Eric , Chen Long , Wu Yingxi , Li Mingjuan , Ma Lin , Li Zhengmin , Li Ruigang , Li Juan , Yan Jing , Wang Shasha , Zhao Hui , Sun Xude , Gao Guodong , Qu Yan , He Shiming
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Although enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs have gained acceptance in various surgical specialties, no established neurosurgical ERAS protocol for patients undergoing elective craniotomy has been reported in the literature. Here, the authors describe the design, implementation, safety, and efficacy of a novel neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy in a tertiary care medical center located in China.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy was developed based on the best available evidence. A total of 140 patients undergoing elective craniotomy between October 2016 and May 2017 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing this novel protocol to conventional neurosurgical perioperative management. The primary endpoint of this study was the postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS). Postoperative morbidity, perioperative complications, postoperative pain scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting, duration of urinary catheterization, time to first solid meal, and patient satisfaction were secondary endpoints.

RESULTS

The median postoperative hospital LOS (4 days) was significantly shorter with the incorporation of the ERAS protocol than that with conventional perioperative management (7 days, p < 0.0001). No 30-day readmission or reoperation occurred in either group. More patients in the ERAS group reported mild pain (visual analog scale score 1–3) on postoperative day 1 than those in the control group (79% vs. 33%, OR 7.49, 95% CI 3.51–15.99, p < 0.0001). Similarly, more patients in the ERAS group had a shortened duration of pain (1–2 days; 53% vs. 17%, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.29–1.37, p = 0.0001). The urinary catheter was removed within 6 hours after surgery in 74% patients in the ERAS group (OR 400.1, 95% CI 23.56–6796, p < 0.0001). The time to first oral liquid intake was a median of 8 hours in the ERAS group compared to 11 hours in the control group (p < 0.0001), and solid food intake occurred at a median of 24 hours in the ERAS group compared to 72 hours in the control group (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

This multidisciplinary, evidence-based, neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy appears to have significant benefits over conventional perioperative management. Implementation of ERAS is associated with a significant reduction in the postoperative hospital stay and an acceleration in recovery, without increasing complication rates related to elective craniotomy. Further evaluation of this protocol in large multicenter studies is warranted.

Clinical trial registration no.: ChiCTR-INR-16009662 (chictr.org.cn)
Changes in resting-state connectivity in pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Grassia Fabio , Poliakov Andrew V. , Poliachik Sandra L. , Casimo Kaitlyn , Friedman Seth D. , Shurtleff Hillary , Giussani Carlo , Novotny Edward J. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Hauptman Jason S.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) is a form of fMRI that allows for analysis of blood oxygen level–dependent signal changes within a task-free, resting paradigm. This technique has been shown to have efficacy in evaluating network connectivity changes with epilepsy. Presurgical data from patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy were evaluated using the fcMRI technique to define connectivity changes within and between the diseased and healthy temporal lobes using a within-subjects design.

METHODS

Using presurgical fcMRI data from pediatric patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy, the authors performed seed-based analyses within the diseased and healthy temporal lobes. Connectivity within and between temporal lobe seeds was measured and compared.

RESULTS

In the cohort studied, local ipsilateral temporal lobe connectivity was significantly increased on the diseased side compared to the healthy temporal lobe. Connectivity of the diseased side to the healthy side, on the other hand, was significantly reduced when compared to connectivity of the healthy side to the diseased temporal lobe. A statistically significant regression was observed when comparing the changes in local ipsilateral temporal lobe connectivity to the changes in inter–temporal lobe connectivity. A statistically significant difference was also noted in ipsilateral connectivity changes between patients with and those without mesial temporal sclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Using fcMRI, significant changes in ipsilateral temporal lobe and inter–temporal lobe connectivity can be appreciated in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, fcMRI may have a role in the presurgical evaluation of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
A non-parametric inference for implied volatility governed by a Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Fard Farzad Alavi , Pourkhanali Armin , Sy Malick
Published: June 2018

We provide a non-parametric method for stochastic volatility modelling. Our method allows the implied volatility to be governed by a general Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, the density function of which is hidden to market participants. Using discrete-time observation we estimate the density function of the stochastic volatility process via developing a cumulant M-estimator for the Lévy measure. In contrast to other non-parametric estimators (such as kernel estimators), our estimator is guaranteed to be of the correct type. We implement this method with the aid of a support-reduction algorithm, which is an efficient iterative unconstrained optimisation method. For the empirical analysis, we use discretely observed data from two implied volatility indices, VIX and VDAX. We also present an out-of-sample test to compare the performance of our method with other parametric models.
A unified framework for calculating aggregate commodity prices from a census dataset
Authors: Dalton Michael , Fissel Benjamin
Published: June 2018

Economic data collection from commodities producers in the United States typically consists of revenues and quantities. While the data collected in some sectors such as fisheries are a census of the population, features of the population such as prices, must be calculated. Unit values are widely used as a price measure to impose a single price in place of dispersed ratios of revenue to quantity from individual producers but alternatives exist. In this paper, different linear aggregation procedures are used to calculate price measures, such as ratio-based calculations (e.g., ratio-of-means, mean-of-ratios), or estimation by ordinary least squares. There are non-trivial differences in the prices calculated depending on the procedure. This paper proposes a unified framework, including Bayesian estimation, for considering the tradeoffs inherent in the different methods commonly employed.
The Necessities and Dangers of Translation: Brazilian Literature on a Global Stage
Authors: Brune Krista
Published: June 2018

This article examines how translation helped to establish Brazil as a tropical site of desire for foreign audiences in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and how translations of contemporary literature often struggle to break free from this established dynamic. By studying the discursive construction of a modern Brazil in the nineteenth century and the practices of translation in contemporary Brazilian literature, I contend that the insertion of Brazil into realms of world literature often depends upon acts of representation and translation that frame the nation and its peoples as exotic. Analysing the Brazilian government's recent translation grants and contemporary English-language anthologies of Brazilian literature reveals a tendency to translate either an exotic Brazil marked by violence and poverty or a global Brazil inhabited by cosmopolitan characters. The piece concludes by reflecting on how a politics of untranslatability could transform the translation and global circulation of Brazilian literature.
‘A Saxon who's learnt a lot from the Americans’: Clemens Meyer in a Transnational Literary Context
Authors: Matthes Frauke
Published: June 2018

In recent years, Clemens Meyer has emerged as the literary voice of societal underdogs. Initially celebrated as the ‘tattoo-man of German literature’ (Elmar Krekeler) whose ‘rough’ East German background seemed to have certified the authenticity of his subject, with his growing success, Meyer has managed to shake off the exclusive, and somewhat limiting, label of ‘East German writer’ with its often specifically provincial associations. The publication of his latest novel Im Stein (2013), which, translated as Bricks and Mortar (2016), was longlisted for the Man Booker International Prize in 2017, has finally led to Meyer's recognition as a more highbrow writer whose work has entered the transnational literary field. In his novel, Meyer self-consciously references world literary predecessors who have inspired him (for example Dos Passos and Hemingway) but adapts these literary models to develop a singular style that goes beyond mere intertextual allusions. My reading of Im Stein, a multi-voiced novel that revolves around organized prostitution in an unnamed East German city post-1989, thus ties in with recent debates focussing on the notion of ‘world literature’. Following Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's thoughts on ‘singularity’ in relation to world literature, I argue that it is precisely Meyer's engagement with the specificity of his subject matter through writing ‘transnationally’ that allows the author to achieve ‘singularity’. This then paves the way for his work's ‘universalizability’ and, consequently, for Meyer's conscious adaptation of his work to world literature.
The Children's Music Quotient: Quantifying the Childness of Music Recordings Made for Children
Authors: Maloy Liam
Published: June 2018

This article describes the Children's Music Quotient (CMQ), a method of content analysis that aims to quantify the concept of childness developed by Peter Hollindale in Signs of Childness in Children's Literature and apply it to the study of recordings of music made for children. It outlines the development of the CMQ and demonstrates the kinds of findings it can generate through case studies based on a broad range of children's music recordings. The analysis of attributes within three categories of the recordings (music, lyrics and sonics) is used to support wider arguments about discourses of childhood in specific socio-historical examples. An evaluation of the method highlights its adaptability for the quantitative analysis of other children's media, such as books, films, television shows and computer games
Genomics-Assisted Breeding in the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB)
Authors: Friedmann Michael , Asfaw Asrat , Anglin Noelle L. , Becerra Luis Augusto , Bhattacharjee Ranjana , Brown Allan , Carey Edward , Ferguson Morag Elizabeth , Gemenet Dorcus , Lindqvist-Kreuze Hanele , Rabbi Ismail , Rouard Mathieu , Swennen Rony , Thiele Graham
Published: June 2018

Breeding in the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) targets highly diverse biotic and abiotic constraints, whilst meeting complex end-user quality preferences to improve livelihoods of beneficiaries in developing countries. Achieving breeding targets and increasing the rate of genetic gains for these vegetatively propagated crops, with long breeding cycles, and genomes with high heterozygosity and different ploidy levels, is challenging. Cheaper sequencing opens possibilities to apply genomics tools for complex traits, such as yield, climate resilience, and quality traits. Therefore, across the RTB program, genomic resources and approaches, including sequenced draft genomes, SNP discovery, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS), are at different stages of development and implementation. For some crops, marker-assisted selection (MAS) is being implemented, and GS has passed the proof-of-concept stage. Depending on the traits being selected for using prediction models, breeding schemes will most likely have to incorporate both GS and phenotyping for other traits into the workflows leading to varietal development.
Quantitative Response of Soybean Development and Yield to Drought Stress during Different Growth Stages in the Huaibei Plain, China
Authors: Wei Yanqi , Jin Juliang , Jiang Shangming , Ning Shaowei , Liu Li
Published: June 2018

To quantitatively access the effects of drought stress during different growth stages of soybean on development process and yield, a pot-culture experiment was conducted in China’s Huaibei Plain with different irrigation treatments over two seasons (2015 and 2016). Two drought stress levels (mild and severe) were applied at four growth stages for the experiment (S: seedling stage; B: branching stage; FPS: flowering and pod-setting stage; and PF: pod-filling stage). The effects of drought stress at different stages on growth and yield were evaluated and compared. Results of this two-year study showed that all growth and yield parameters were significantly affected by the water deficit during the sensitive FPS. Compared to the full irrigation treatment, severe drought stress during FPS caused a 22% loss of final plant height, 61% loss of the leaf area per plant (LAP), and 67% loss of final aboveground dry matter (ADM). Yield components also declined dramatically with water deficits during FPS and PF. Significant seed yield losses of 73–82% per plant were observed in the plants exposed to drought stress during FPS, and were also associated with the highest nonviable pod percentage of 13%. The greatest losses in 100-seed weight (42–48%) were observed under drought stress during PF. A rising trend in response to increasing soil water deficit (SWD) was observed for LAP, yield, and ADM losses. The slope (k) values of these fitting curves varied at different treatments, the highest value of k (7.37 and 8.47 in two years, respectively) was also observed in the sensitive FPS.
Fatigue Strength Assessment of Steel Rollers: On the Reliability of the Strain Energy Density Approach on Real Components
Authors: Chebat Francesco , Peron Mirco , Viespoli Luigi , Welo Torgeir , Berto Filippo
Published: June 2018

Welded joints are one of the most widely applied methods to join different steel components. However, they introduce stress concentrators that are commonly known to reduce the fatigue strength of structures. Several methods have been developed to assess the fatigue behavior of welded components, such as the Notch Stress Intensity Factors (NSIFs) approach. However, this approach has been reported to be geometry dependent, and does not allow for a direct comparison of failures occurring at the weld toes with those occurring at the weld roots. This drawback has been overcame by considering the value of the strain energy density (SED) range averaged in a control volume ahead of the notch tip. More than 900 fatigue data of welded joints have been summarized within a single scatter band ΔW-N (strain energy range–umber of cycles to failure) using this approach. The reliability of the just mentioned scatter band in summarizing the fatigue data of real components such as steel welded rollers produced by Rulmeca is herein evaluated. The results prove the reliability of the SED approach to assess the fatigue behavior of welded rollers, paving the way to its diffusion in assessing real components.
Foliar Application of Copper Nanoparticles Increases the Fruit Quality and the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Tomatoes
Authors: López-Vargas Elsy Rubisela , Ortega-Ortíz Hortensia , Cadenas-Pliego Gregorio , De Alba Romenus Karim , Cabrera de la Fuente Marcelino , Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto , Juárez-Maldonado Antonio
Published: June 2018

Nanotechnology is a potential and emerging field with multiple applications in different areas of study. The beneficial effects of the use of nanoparticles in agriculture have already been proven. The objective of this research was to determine if the foliar application of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) could increase the content of the bioactive compounds in tomato fruits. Our study considered four treatments with different concentrations of Cu nanoparticles (50, 125, 250, 500 mg L−1, diameter 50 nm) applied twice during the development of the culture. The effects on the fruit quality and the contents of the antioxidant compounds were determined. The application of the Cu nanoparticles induced the production of fruits with greater firmness. Vitamin C, lycopene, and the ABTS antioxidant capacity increased compared to the Control. In addition, a decrease in the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymatic activity was observed, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes showed a significant increase. The application of Cu NPs induced a greater accumulation of bioactive compounds in tomato fruits.
Preparation of Phthalocyanine Immobilized Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites for Decoloration of Dye Wastewater: Key Role of Spacers
Authors: Teng Qiaoling , Chen Shiliang , Xie Wenjie
Published: June 2018

We report the preparation of a series of spacer-incorporated, tetra-amino cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (CoPc)-immobilized bacterial cellulose (BC) functional nanocomposites (CoPc@s-BC). Four kinds of flexible spacers with different lengths—diethylenetriamine (DT), triethylenetetramine (TT), tetraethylenepentamine (TP) and pentaethylenehexamine (PH)—were covalently attached onto pre-oxidized BC for the synthesis of the spacer-attached BC, and the attached spacers’ contents were carefully quantified. Using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker, the CoPc catalyst was covalently immobilized onto the spacer-attached BC, and the immobilization steps were optimized by monitoring both the residual spacer contents and the resulting immobilized CoPc. All of the functionalization processes were characterized and confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The series of spacer-incorporated, CoPc-immobilized BC nanocomposites, CoPc@s-BC, were used for the decoloration of dye wastewater. Both the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate were increased after the incorporation of spacers. When H2O2 was employed as an oxidant, dye molecules were catalytically oxidized with these nanocomposites. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping results showed that the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (·OH) was involved in the catalytic oxidation process. The spacer length had a direct effect on the catalytic efficiency of CoPc@s-BC—the decoloration rate for CoPc@TP-BC was as high as 41 μmol·min−1·g−1, which was more than 50% higher than that without spacer.
Comparison of the Characteristic Mass Fragmentations of Phenethylamines and Tryptamines by Electron Ionization Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Electrospray and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Bo-Hong , Liu Ju-Tsung , Chen Hung-Ming , Chen Wen-Xiong , Lin Cheng-Huang
Published: June 2018

Characteristic mass fragmentation of 20 phenethylamine/tryptamine standards were investigated and compared by means of matrix assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOFM), gas chromatography–electron ionization–mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS) and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) methods. As a result, three characteristic peaks ([M]+ and fragments from the Cβ-Cα bond breakage) were found to be unique and contained information useful in identifying 2C series compounds based on the GC-EI/MS method. We found that the protonated molecular ion ([M+H]+) and two types of fragments produced from the α-cleavage and β-cleavage processes were useful mass spectral information in the rapid screening and confirmation of phenethylamine and tryptamine derivatives when ESI/MS and MALDI/TOFMS methods were applied. This assay was successfully used to determine samples that contain illicit drugs.
RARZ: Ring-Zone Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jadoon Rab Nawaz , Zhou WuYang , Jadoon Waqas , Ahmed Khan Iftikhar
Published: June 2018

Sensor networks are handicapped by limited resources in the form of energy, processing, and memory. This paper proposes a new multi-hop energy efficient protocol, namely a routing algorithm using the ring-zone (RARZ) model. The protocol is lightweight, takes routing decisions based on the remaining energy of nodes, and performs location-based routing without the need for the nodes to know their respective positions. The protocol partitions the network into concentric rings around the base station. Each node assigns itself to a particular ring, known by a ringID. Multi-hop routing is performed and nodes within inner rings carry data for the outer rings towards the base station. Simulation results show that RARZ outperforms the address-light integrated MAC routing protocol (AIMRP), ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and Flooding in terms of end-to-end delay, average hop count, and energy consumption.
Stabilization of Underactuated Surface Vessels: A Continuous Fractional Power Control Method
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Guo Ge
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates the problem of global asymptotic stabilization of underactuated surface vessels (USVs) whose dynamics features off-diagonal inertia and damping matrices. By using input and state transformations, the dynamic model of USV is converted into an equivalent system consisting of two cascade connected subsystems. For the transformed system, a continuous fractional power control framework is given to achieve global asymptotic stabilization of USVs. Then, the convergence under this framework is analyzed showing that the rate can be improved by adjusting the fractional power term. Finally, a continuous control algorithm is proposed to guarantee the global convergence rate of the USV system. Simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.