bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the implications of aerosol liquid water and phase separation for organic aerosol mass
Authors: Pye Havala O. T. , Murphy Benjamin N. , Xu Lu , Ng Nga L. , Carlton Annmarie G. , Guo Hongyu , Weber Rodney , Vasilakos Petros , Appel K. Wyat , Budisulistiorini Sri Hapsari , Surratt Jason D. , Nenes Athanasios , Hu Weiwei , Jimenez Jose L. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Misztal Pawel K. , Goldstein Allen H.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Organic compounds and liquid water are major aerosol constituents in the southeast United States (SE US). Water associated with inorganic constituents (inorganic water) can contribute to the partitioning medium for organic aerosol when relative humidities or organic matter to organic carbon (OM ∕ OC) ratios are high such that separation relative humidities (SRH) are below the ambient relative humidity (RH). As OM ∕ OC ratios in the SE US are often between 1.8 and 2.2, organic aerosol experiences both mixing with inorganic water and separation from it. Regional chemical transport model simulations including inorganic water (but excluding water uptake by organic compounds) in the partitioning medium for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) when RH  >  SRH led to increased SOA concentrations, particularly at night. Water uptake to the organic phase resulted in even greater SOA concentrations as a result of a positive feedback in which water uptake increased SOA, which further increased aerosol water and organic aerosol. Aerosol properties, such as the OM ∕ OC and hygroscopicity parameter (κorg), were captured well by the model compared with measurements during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) 2013. Organic nitrates from monoterpene oxidation were predicted to be the least water-soluble semivolatile species in the model, but most biogenically derived semivolatile species in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model were highly water soluble and expected to contribute to water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Organic aerosol and SOA precursors were abundant at night, but additional improvements in daytime organic aerosol are needed to close the model–measurement gap. When taking into account deviations from ideality, including both inorganic (when RH  >  SRH) and organic water in the organic partitioning medium reduced the mean bias in SOA for routine monitoring networks and improved model performance compared to observations from SOAS. Property updates from this work will be released in CMAQ v5.2.
Comprehensive Atmospheric Modeling of Reactive Cyclic Siloxanes and Their Oxidation Products
Authors: Janechek Nathan J. , Hansen Kaj M. , Stanier Charles O.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are important components in personal care products that transport and react in the atmosphere. Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), and their gas phase oxidation products have been incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Gas phase oxidation products, as the precursor to secondary organic aerosol from this compound class, were included to quantify the maximum potential for aerosol formation from gas phase reactions with OH. Four 1-month periods were modeled to quantify typical concentrations, seasonal variability, spatial patterns, and vertical profiles. Typical model concentrations showed parent compounds were highly dependent on population density as cities had monthly averaged peak D5 concentrations up to 432 ng m−3. Peak oxidized D5 concentrations were significantly less, up to 9 ng m−3 and were located downwind of major urban areas. Model results were compared to available measurements and previous simulation results. Seasonal variation was analyzed and differences in seasonal influences were observed between urban and rural locations. Parent compound concentrations in urban and peri-urban locations were sensitive to transport factors, while parent compounds in rural areas and oxidized product concentrations were influenced by large-scale seasonal variability in OH.
Profiling aerosol optical, microphysical and hygroscopic properties in ambient conditions by combining in situ and remote sensing
Authors: Tsekeri Alexandra , Amiridis Vassilis , Marenco Franco , Nenes Athanasios , Marinou Eleni , Solomos Stavros , Rosenberg Phil , Trembath Jamie , Nott Graeme J. , Allan James , Le Breton Michael , Bacak Asan , Coe Hugh , Percival Carl , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We present the In situ/Remote sensing aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (IRRA) that combines airborne in situ and lidar remote sensing data to retrieve vertical profiles of ambient aerosol optical, microphysical and hygroscopic properties, employing the ISORROPIA II model for acquiring the particle hygroscopic growth. Here we apply the algorithm on data collected from the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the ACEMED campaign in the Eastern Mediterranean. Vertical profiles of aerosol microphysical properties have been derived successfully for an aged smoke plume near the city of Thessaloniki with aerosol optical depth of  ∼  0.4 at 532 nm, single scattering albedos of  ∼  0.9–0.95 at 550 nm and typical lidar ratios for smoke of  ∼  60–80 sr at 532 nm. IRRA retrieves highly hydrated particles above land, with 55 and 80 % water volume content for ambient relative humidity of 80 and 90 %, respectively. The proposed methodology is highly advantageous for aerosol characterization in humid conditions and can find valuable applications in aerosol–cloud interaction schemes. Moreover, it can be used for the validation of active space-borne sensors, as is demonstrated here for the case of CALIPSO.
Controlled nitric oxide production via O(1D)+N2O reactions for use in oxidation flow reactor studies
Authors: Lambe Andrew , Massoli Paola , Zhang Xuan , Canagaratna Manjula , Nowak John , Yan Chao , Nie Wei , Onasch Timothy , Jayne John , Kolb Charles , Davidovits Paul , Worsnop Douglas , Brune William
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Oxidation ﬂow reactors that use low-pressure mercury lamps to produce hydroxyl (OH) radicals are an emerging technique for studying the oxidative aging of organic aerosols. Here, ozone (O3) is photolyzed at 254 nm to produce O(1D) radicals, which react with water vapor to produce OH. However, the need to use parts-per-million levels of O3 hinders the ability of oxidation ﬂow reactors to simulate NOx-dependent SOA formation pathways. Simple addition of nitric oxide (NO) results in fast conversion of NOx (NO + NO2) to nitric acid (HNO3), making it impossible to sustain NO at levels that are sufﬁcient to compete with hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals as a sink for organic peroxy (RO2) radicals. We developed a new method that is well suited to the characterization of NOx-dependent SOA formation pathways in oxidation ﬂow reactors. NO and NO2 are produced via the reaction O(1D) + N2O→ 2NO, followed by the reaction NO + O3 → NO2+ O2. Laboratory measurements coupled with photochemical model simulations suggest that O(1D) + N2O reactions can be used to systematically vary the relative branching ratio of RO2 + NO reactions relative to RO2 + HO2 and/or RO2 + RO2 reactions over a range of conditions relevant to atmospheric SOA formation. We demonstrate proof of concept using high-resolution time-of-ﬂight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) measurements with nitrate (NO3−) reagent ion to detect gas-phase oxidation products of isoprene and α-pinene previously observed in NOx-inﬂuenced environments and in laboratory chamber experiments.
Development and evaluation of an ozone deposition scheme for coupling to a terrestrial biosphere model
Authors: Franz Martina , Simpson David , Arneth Almut , Zaehle Sönke
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is a toxic air pollutant that can damage plant leaves and substantially affect the plant's gross primary production (GPP) and health. Realistic estimates of the effects of tropospheric anthropogenic O3 on GPP are thus potentially important to assess the strength of the terrestrial biosphere as a carbon sink. To better understand the impact of ozone damage on the terrestrial carbon cycle, we developed a module to estimate O3 uptake and damage of plants for a state-of-the-art global terrestrial biosphere model called OCN. Our approach accounts for ozone damage by calculating (a) O3 transport from 45 m height to leaf level, (b) O3 flux into the leaf, and (c) ozone damage of photosynthesis as a function of the accumulated O3 uptake over the lifetime of a leaf. A comparison of modelled canopy conductance, GPP, and latent heat to FLUXNET data across European forest and grassland sites shows a general good performance of OCN including ozone damage. This comparison provides a good baseline on top of which ozone damage can be evaluated. In comparison to literature values, we demonstrate that the new model version produces realistic O3 surface resistances, O3 deposition velocities, and stomatal to total O3 flux ratios. A sensitivity study reveals that key metrics of the air-to-leaf O3 transport and O3 deposition, in particular the stomatal O3 uptake, are reasonably robust against uncertainty in the underlying parameterisation of the deposition scheme. Nevertheless, correctly estimating canopy conductance plays a pivotal role in the estimate of cumulative O3 uptake. We further find that accounting for stomatal and non-stomatal uptake processes substantially affects simulated plant O3 uptake and accumulation, because aerodynamic resistance and non-stomatal O3 destruction reduce the predicted leaf-level O3 concentrations. Ozone impacts on GPP and transpiration in a Europe-wide simulation indicate that tropospheric O3 impacts the regional carbon and water cycling less than expected from previous studies. This study presents a first step towards the integration of atmospheric chemistry and ecosystem dynamics modelling, which would allow for assessing the wider feedbacks between vegetation ozone uptake and tropospheric ozone burden.
Estimating soil erosion risk and evaluating erosion control measures for soil conservation planning at Koga watershed in the highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Tegegne , Sisheber Biniam
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Soil erosion is one of the major factors affecting sustainability of agricultural production in Ethiopia. The objective of this paper is to estimate soil erosion using the universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model and to evaluate soil conservation practices in a data-scarce watershed region. For this purpose, soil data, rainfall, erosion control practices, satellite images and topographic maps were collected to determine the RUSLE factors. In addition, measurements of randomly selected soil and water conservation structures were done at three sub-watersheds (Asanat, Debreyakob and Rim). This study was conducted in Koga watershed at upper part of the Blue Nile basin which is affected by high soil erosion rates. The area is characterized by undulating topography caused by intensive agricultural practices with poor soil conservation practices. The soil loss rates were determined and conservation strategies have been evaluated under different slope classes and land uses. The results showed that the watershed is affected by high soil erosion rates (on average 42 t ha−1 yr−1), greater than the maximum tolerable soil loss (18 t ha−1 yr−1). The highest soil loss (456 t ha−1 yr−1) estimated from the upper watershed occurred on cultivated lands of steep slopes. As a result, soil erosion is mainly aggravated by land-use conflicts and topographic factors and the rugged topographic land forms of the area. The study also demonstrated that the contribution of existing soil conservation structures to erosion control is very small due to incorrect design and poor management. About 35 % out of the existing structures can reduce soil loss significantly since they were constructed correctly. Most of the existing structures were demolished due to the sediment overload, vulnerability to livestock damage and intense rainfall. Therefore, appropriate and standardized soil and water conservation measures for different erosion-prone land uses and land forms need to be implemented in Koga watershed.
The Use-Value of Real-World Projects: Children and Local Experts Connecting Through School Work
Authors: Rheingold Alison , Seaman Jayson
Published: January 2017

In this paper we discuss how the products of student work during long-term, interdisciplinary curricular units at King Middle School, a grades 6-8 public school in Portland, Maine, through their aesthetic qualities, transformed people’s understanding of what children were capable of. We argue that, to effectively understand student work of this type, ‘cognitive’ and ‘practical’ criteria for evaluation – i.e., as a supposed indicator of what students need to know and be able to do – fail to convey the actual, substantive value of the work, rendering it relatively static and meaningless like much conventional schoolwork. Instead, we argue that aesthetic criteria can help to adequately understand and assess community-based, project work. Moreover, focusing only on student learning throughout the production process occludes the importance of collaboration, communication, and dialogue with an audience: in this case, community experts whose goals and interests must be accommodated as students do their work. The aim of the article is twofold: 1) to present a coherent picture of student project work that adequately captures its complexity both in the process of its production, and in its use-value upon completion; and 2) to argue for the importance of aesthetic criteria in planning and assessing student projects.
Macro-Scale Model Study of a Tunable Drug Dispensation Mechanism for Controlled Drug Delivery in Potential Wound-Healing Applications
Authors: Mir Mariam , Ansari Umar , Najabat Ali Murtaza
Published: January 2017

Background

Auxetic materials tend to exhibit stretching in the direction of the applied load as well as in the perpendicular direction. This may be an inherent property of the material, or it might be a particular structural characteristic that confers it with auxetic properties. In this study, the auxetic properties of a rotating squares auxetic design were utilized in tandem with a stretching mechanism to manufacture a device that offers the advantages of adjustable pore size and hence tunable drug delivery characteristics.

Methods

An auxetic polyurethane film was fabricated through the polymer casting technique. An acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic mold for polymer casting was made through additive manufacturing. Stereolithography was used for fabrication of the mechanism that controlled pore size of the polymeric auxetic film. A laminate arrangement of the film and the mechanism was devised, through which movement of the mechanism controlled stretching of the auxetic film underneath.

Results

Results were analyzed through image processing. It was observed that a 2-dimensional increase (in length and width) of the auxetic film took place that corresponded to an increase in pore size of the film. Several mathematical correlations were drawn up.

Conclusions

It may be concluded that the first factor controlling drug release kinetics is the pore size of the film. This study explored a prototype mechanism that has the potential for being used in devices for controlled drug delivery or in smart bandage systems that may enhance wound healing in chronic wound treatment.
Percutaneous retrieval of a fractured dialysis catheter using a balloon
Authors: Lee Su Nam , Jo Min Seop , Yoo Ki-Dong
Published: January 2017

Intravascular foreign bodies can cause serious complications and catheter fracture with or without embolization is a rare, serious event. Intravascular fragments from broken catheters can be retrieved percutaneously or surgically, and should be removed as soon as possible to prevent further lethal complications. A gooseneck loop snare is the most popular device for endovascular retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies. Herein, we present the first report of successful percutaneous retrieval of a fractured catheter using a balloon.
Surgeon experience affects outcome of forearm arteriovenous fistulae more than outcomes of upper-arm fistulae
Authors: Regus Susanne , Almási-Sperling Veronika , Rother Ulrich , Meyer Alexander , Lang Werner
Published: January 2017

Introduction

There is still an ongoing discussion about the influence of vascular surgeon experience on the immediate and long-term outcome of newly created arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for patients on hemodialysis (HD). The aim of this study was to compare failure and patency rates of AVF between experienced consultants and resident trainees with special focus on location of the anastomosis on the forearm or upper arm.

Methods

Between November 2012 and September 2016, 159 patients (83 on HD and 76 preemptive) received an AVF (90 radiocephalic [RCAVF] on the forearm; 69 brachiocephalic [BCAVF] in the elbow) by two experienced vascular surgeons (group A; n = 74) or five residents in training with one-to-four years of experience (group B; n = 85). We compared the two groups for demographic and treatment data, immediate failures (IF), bleeding complications and patency rates.

Results

There were no significant differences in demographic data between the two groups. Vessel diameters were significantly lower for forearm compared to upper arm arteries (p = 0.026) and veins (p = 0.05). There was a significantly increased risk for IF in group B for RCAVF (p = 0.003), but not for BCAVF (p = 1.000). Furthermore, the cumulative primary patency was reduced in group B for RCAVF (p<0.001), but not for BCAVF (p = 0.899).

Conclusion

Surgeon experience seems to have more influence on the immediate and long-term outcome of newly created forearm AVF compared to those located on the upper arm.
Advantage of Sorafenib Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Zhe , Kang Muxing , Zhang Bo , Chen Jianke , Fang Heqing , Ye Qin , Jiang Biao , Wu Yulian
Published: January 2017

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Among the surgical and nonsurgical treatments available, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sorafenib have been shown to have efficacy. There is little evidence whether combination of these therapies would have additional benefits.

Methods

In a mouse model of HCC, effects of sorafenib were determined by tumor size, RFA-induced necrosis area (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), microvascular density (MVD; 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and anti-CD31 antibody staining), and tumor perfusion (magnetic resonance imaging).

Results

The RFA-induced necrosis area was 80.98 ± 9.14 and 69.49 ± 7.46 mm2 in mice administered 80 and 40 mg/kg sorafenib, respectively, but only 57.29 ± 3.39 mm2 in controls. Sorafenib also reduced tumor volume and enhanced RFA-induced tumor destruction in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced both MVD and tumor perfusion.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest a potential role for combining RFA with sorafenib for treatment of HCC. Sorafenib could enhance RFA efficiency, possibly through its angiogenesis suppressive effects.
Two-stage Hepatectomy in Two Regional District Community Hospitals: Perioperative Safety and Long-Term Survival
Authors: Griseri Guido , Ceriotti Michela , Percivale Andrea , Franceschi Angelo , Santori Gregorio , Benasso Marco , Pellicci Riccardo
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Surgical resection offers the best chance of cure for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). Two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective to obtain curative resection in patients with multiple, bilobar CRLMs that are unresectable in a single procedure. Up to now TSH has been the prerogative of dedicated liver surgery centers. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of TSH also in community hospitals.

Methods

Of 294 patients operated on for CRLMs between September 1997 and June 2012 in 2 district community hospitals (belonging to the same regional healthcare district), 43 (14.6%) were scheduled for TSH. Thirty-eight/43 received neoadjuvant and/or bridge chemotherapy (2 neoadjuvant only, 4 neoadjuvant and bridge, 32 bridge only).

Results

The mean follow-up was 35.74 ± 29.53 months. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 31.4%, with a median survival time of 31 months. Twenty-nine patients completed the planned procedure (OS: 42.9%; median 47 months), while 14 did not because of disease progression (OS: 0%; median 13 months). No operative mortality occurred within the first 90 days either after the first or second stage.

Conclusions

Our results suggest good efficacy and safety of TSH even when performed in a community hospital setting. Shifting patient selection from neoadjuvant to bridge chemotherapy had no impact on outcome once the clearing of the liver had been achieved. In patients presenting with synchronous CRLMs, simultaneous colorectal resection and clearing of the less involved hemiliver as the first surgical step is feasible without any negative impact on outcome.
Memórias de arquivar: a historicidade dos arquivos escolares da rede municipal de Curitiba (1963-1985)
Authors: Colere Sibeli
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar e problematizar as práticas desenvolvidas em escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Curitiba entre 1963 e 1985 - acerca dos arquivos escolares, observando-se a guarda e preservação desses documentos. Ao trazer as práticas como objeto teórico, conforme Michel de Certeau, busca-se encontrar os meios para “distinguir maneiras de fazer”, quais táticas se fizeram presentes nas normas e nos atos de guarda. As fontes consultadas foram as portarias e normativas relativas a documentos escolares disponíveis no Arquivo Geral da Secretaria Municipal de Educação e nas próprias escolas. Também foram utilizados depoimentos orais de secretários que revelaram, por meio da memória, as representações do seu tempo. Certamente foram as experiências particulares que os motivaram à organização e à guarda de registros escolares administrativos, regulamentados ou não. Observou-se essa prática dos secretários escolares que, por meio dessas experiências ou convivência com outros secretários, organizaram os arquivos de forma específica, às vezes observando certas normativas, às vezes ambientando-se na sua rotina e no espaço da secretaria escolar.Memorias de archivo: la historicidad de los archivos en escuelas de la ciudad de Curitiba (1963-1985). El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y discutir cuáles eran las prácticas desarrolladas en escuelas de la ciudad de Curitiba entre 1963 y 1985 sobre los archivos de la escuela, custodia y conservación de los documentos. Para hacer las prácticas como objeto teórico, en Michel de Certeau, el objetivo es encontrar los medios para "distinguir formas de hacer", que estaban presentes en tácticas y normas de actos de guardia. Las fuentes consultadas fueron las ordenanzas y reglamentos relativos a los documentos de la escuela disponibles en el archivo General de las escuelas y el Departamento Municipal de educación. También fueron usadas declaraciones de secretarios que han puesto de manifiesto, a través de la memoria, las representaciones de su tiempo. Sin duda era las experiencias privadas que motivaron la organización y la custodia de los registros administrativos de la escuela, regulada o no. Se observó que práctica de las secretarias de la escuela, a través de estas experiencias o la coexistencia con otras secretarias, está organizado el archivo de una manera específica, a veces observando ciertas regulaciones, ajuste a veces en su rutina y dentro de la escuela Secretaría. Palabras-clave: Archivos de la Escuela; Prácticas; Custodia de Documentos; Memorias; Escuelas de la Ciudad de Curitiba.
As mulheres na École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts de Paris: os regulamentos de 1892 a 1937 e suas alterações decorrentes da presença das alunas-mulheres
Authors: Alves Fabiola Cristina
Published: January 2017

Este artigo analisa os regulamentos da École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Paris, entre o período de 1892 a 1937, com o objetivo de discutir a inclusão da candidatura das mulheres para a formação nessa instituição. Apresenta as alterações adotadas nos usos dos ateliês para a recepção das alunas-mulheres e normativa específica para a permanência de alunas-mães.The women at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts de Paris: 1892 regulations to 1937 and its amendments arising from the presence of the students - women. This article analyses the regulation of the Parisian École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, between 1892 and 1937. Its objective is mapping women participation by the scope of their admission process, ateliers specific using rules and the normative for students that became mothers at this Parisian School of Art. Keywords: Students-women; École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts; regulation between 1892 and 1937.
Leading implementation of the management innovation value-based healthcare at a Swedish University Hospital
Authors: Nilsson Kerstin , Sandoff Mette
Published: January 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore medical and care staff’s experiences of leading the implementation of the management innovation, named value-based healthcare (VBHC) at a large Swedish University Hospital.Methods: In this study an explorative design was used. Data was collected with individual open-ended repeated interviews with 20 members of four teams leading the implementation of VBHC. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and qualitatively analysed.Results: Findings from this interview study showed that not all participants were comfortable with being appointed as leaders for the VBHC implementation process. Some found it rather too challenging instead. Participants described characteristics such as openness, visibility, approachability, and the ability to be a role model as necessary when leading implementation work. Leadership strategies emphasized were participation and involvement but also the ability to control implementation processes. Anchoring was effectuated by means of a pedagogical approach including dialogues and feedback before making step-by-step changes in everyday work itself.Conclusions: This study shows that leadership is a challenging experience in the context of a team responsible for implementing VBHC, however commendable the management innovation in itself may be. The expectations connected to the leadership role in the context of VBHC implementation must be clarified. Awareness is needed of the extent of the mandates accorded to the care and medical staff appointed as leaders of VBHC teams, especially since care and medical staff are formally speaking not as managers.
Effect of applying play therapy on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: El-Nagger Nahed Saied , Abo-Elmagd Manal Hassan , Ahmed Hanan Ibrahim
Published: January 2017

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a serious public health problem affecting a large number of children that often lasts into adulthood, and it is characterized by persistence of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Children with ADHD are managed with appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention such as educational, psychological, behavioral support and play therapy. Whereas, play therapy is a technique during which the child would be given an opportunity to experience development under the most ideal circumstances. Aim: Evaluate the effect of applying play therapy on children with ADHD.Methods: Study Design: A quasi experimental. Setting: The study was conducted in Badghish care & Rehabilitation center at Jeddah in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Subjects: Purposive sample composed of 40 preschool & school age children with ADHD with their parents and teachers. Study Tools: Data were collected through using a self-administered questionnaire for the parents to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied children and their families, Conner’s Abbreviated Parents and Teachers Rating scale, it was used to assess and evaluate the problematic behaviors of children with ADHD for their responses and progress monitoring through play therapy, Children's Symptom Inventory (CSI-4)-Parents and Teachers Form Scale, it was used to assess the children for ADHD symptoms including; inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity through their parents and teachers and Vanderbilt ADHD Parent and Teacher Rating Scale, it was used to assess children's anxiety symptoms through their parents and teachers.Results: The mean age of children was 6.282 ± 1.52 years. Also, 67.5% of children were boys and 32.5% were girls. Meanwhile, there were high statistical significant differences (p-value at .00) regarding children inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity as reported by their parents and teachers pre and post applying play therapy.Conclusions: The current study concluded that applying play therapy had a positive effect on paying attention, decreasing hyperactivity and controlling impulsive behavior of children with ADHD. Also, there were statistical significant differences in children's emotional and behavioral disturbances pre and post applying play therapy sessions. Recommendations: Encourage parents to cooperate actively when play therapy sessions are held for persistency of treatment effects and further studies should be carried out on the effectiveness of play therapy and use of other different kinds of therapies for children with ADHD are beneficial.
Mortality trends and the impact of lymphadenectomy on survival for renal cell carcinoma patients with distant metastasis
Authors: Patel Hiten D. , Gorin Michael A. , Gupta Natasha , Kates Max , Johnson Michael H. , Pierorazio Phillip M. , Allaf Mohamad E.
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Current treatment paradigms for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) invoke a combination of surgical and systemic therapies. We sought to quantify trends in mortality and performance of lymphadenectomy, as well as impact on survival for patients with mRCC.Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (SEER) (1988‒2011) identified patients with mRCC. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models with competing risksregression were employed to assess survival.Results: 15 060 patients with mRCC were identified, with 6316 (41.9%) undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. Mean number of lymph nodes removed was 6.2, with mean 3.3 positive nodes among 1018 (43.9%) patients with positive nodes. Median overall survival (OS) increased from seven to 11 months (1999‒2010), and finding a positive node decreased median cancer survival from 22 to nine months. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) showed significant decreases in mortality after 2005 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71 [0.60‒0.83] comparing 2010 to 1990). Lymphadenectomy was associated with decreased OS (HR 1.10 [1.03‒1.16]; p=0.002) due to decreased CSS (HR 1.10 [1.04‒1.17]; p<0.001) without increase in other-cause mortality (HR 0.94 [0.79‒1.11]; p=0.455). However, more extensive lymphadenectomy ≥3 lymph nodes removed did not significantly impact OS or CSS. Number of positive lymph nodes was associated with decreased CSS.Conclusions: mRCC continues to carry a poor prognosis, but current treatment paradigms have led to modest improvements in OS and CSS in recent years. Lymphadenectomy was found to play a prognostic rather than therapeutic role in the management of mRCC. The performance of lymphadenectomy should be limited based on clinical judgment and better incorporated into randomizedtrials of new systemic therapies to identify scenarios where implementation may improve survival.
Depression and catastrophizing predict suicidal ideation in tertiary care patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Tripp Dean A. , Nickel J. Curtis , Krsmanovic Adrijana , Pontari Michel , Moldwin Robert , Mayer Robert , Carr Lesley K. , Yang Claire C. , Nordling Jorgen
Published: January 2017

Introduction: We sought to evaluate psychosocial factors as predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) in a tertiary care outpatient sample of women suffering from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS).Methods: The patients are women managed at tertiary care centres (n=190). Controls were recruited from the community (n=117). Both groups completed questionnaires on demographics, pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire), IC/BPS symptoms, and psychological variables. Univariate and multivariate hierarchical regression modelling was conducted to examine the strength of associations and unique effects of psychosocial variables on patient SI.Results: Compared to 6% in healthy controls, 23% of patients endorsed SI in the past two weeks. Correlations between SI, depression, and catastrophizing across controls and cases show that forcontrols, SI is associated with greater pain (0.31; p<0.01) and depression only (0.59; p<0.01). For tertiary care centre cases, SI is associated with pain (0.24; p<0.01), depression (0.64; p<0.01), and catastrophizing (0.35; p<0.01). Regression analyses indicated that psychosocial variables accounted for a significant amount of variance over and above IC/BPS symptoms. Catastrophizing (i.e., helplessness) about pain and depression were significant univariate predictors of SI, but only depression predicted SI in multivariable analyses.Conclusions: Limitations of this study include its cross-sectional design and primarily correlation-based statistics. The present study is the first to implicate multiple psychosocial risk factors over and above IC/BPS-specific symptoms and patient pain experience in SI in women with IC/BPS. Depression in particular is uniquely important in predicting suicidality. These results support a multidisciplinary,proactive approach to IC/BPS involving not only treatment of disease symptoms, but also early detection/treatment of associated psychosocial problems.
Treatment options in advanced renal cell carcinoma after first-line treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Basappa Naveen S.
Published: January 2017

Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) was introduced a decade ago, and since then a number of therapeutic options have been developed. Vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy is the widely accepted first-line option for mRCC. After progression, treatment in the second-line setting has typically been with either axitinib or everolimus. However, with the advent of several new agents demonstrating efficacy in the second-line setting, including nivolumab, cabozantinib, and the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus, the treatment paradigm has shifted toward these novel therapies with improved patient outcomes.
Using a Linguistic Theory of Humour in Teaching English Grammar
Authors: Abdulmajeed Rufaidah Kamal , Hameed Sarab Khalil
Published: January 2017

Teachers who teach a new language grammar do not usually have the time and the proper situation to introduce humour when starting a new topic in grammar. There are many different opinions about teaching grammar. Many teachers seem to believe in the importance of grammar lessons devoted to a study of language rules and practical exercises. Other teachers feel that grammar is best learned by doing different language activities without focusing directly on the rules. This paper is devoted to explore the application of the linguistic theory of humour in teaching English grammar. The purpose of the experiment in this study was to show that the humorous way helped the students to learn grammar more effectively and that humour enhanced learning and helped retention and recalling grammar rules. The researchers created a control group and an experimental group to investigate the potential benefits of introducing humour in explaining a new topic of English grammar. The results showed that the exposure to humorous activities in the classroom tend to improve the student’s comprehension of the most difficult topics in their grammar book.
The Role of Technological Business Incubators in Supporting and Developing Marketing Capabilities for Entrepreneurship Business and Small Projects in Jordan
Authors: Abu-Jalil Mohammad Mansour
Published: January 2017

This research aimed to identify the role of technological business incubators in supporting and developing marketing capabilities for entrepreneurship business and small projects in Jordan. The research population included all personnel and owners of the small entrepreneurship, either those projects were incubated or not. The sample of the study consisted of (400) respondents. It was concluded that there was a role for the services provided by technological business incubators of, (administrative services, financial services, professional services, follow-up and personal services) in supporting and developing the marketing capabilities in business entrepreneurship and small projects in Jordan. The averages for those services were of a high level of Importance. In light of the findings’ it was recommended to continue to provide accounting services and billing for business entrepreneurship and small businesses, and to emphasized the importance of holding specialized training courses for business entrepreneurship and small projects.
Using Academia-Industry Partnerships to Enhance Software Verification & Validation Education via Active Learning Tools
Authors: Acharya Sushil , Manohar Priyadarshan , Wu Peter , Schilling Walter
Published: January 2017

Imparting real world experiences in a software verification and validation (SV&V) course is often a challenge due to the lack of effective active learning tools. This pedagogical requirement is important because graduates are expected to develop software that meets rigorous quality standards in functional and application domains. Realizing the necessity the authors designed and developed 42 delivery hours of active learning tools consisting of Case Studies, Class Exercises, and Case Study Videos for use in courses that impart knowledge on SV&V topics viz. requirements engineering, software reviews, configuration management, and software testing. Four key skill areas sought after by employers, namely communication skills, applied knowledge of methods, applied knowledge of tools, and research exposure are used to drive the development funded by a National Science Foundation grant and perfected through an industry-academia partnership.In this paper, we discuss in detail the four project plans the researchers and their industry counterparts followed over the past two years in the development and eventual dissemination of the active learning tools. A course enhancement plan was used to drive activities related to reviewing, enhancing, and modularizing modules, identified by a gap analysis performed by focus groups comprised of industry and academic partners. The course delivery plan was used to drive activities related to developing content delivery strategies. An evaluation and assessment plan was used to drive activities related to periodically evaluating student learning and assessing the project. And finally a course dissemination plan is being used to drive activities related to distributing course modules and assessment reports. The tools have been shared through two workshops and other means with instructors in universities and industry partners.
Examination of Psychological Counselor Candidates’ University Satisfaction: The Case of Uludag University
Authors: Duran Nagihan Oguz , Gökçe Feyyat
Published: January 2017

In the present study, Uludağ University, Faculty of Education, Guidance and Psychological Counseling (GPC) undergraduate program students’ expectations and satisfaction levels regarding the services and facilities provided by the university were investigated in a sample of 354 students (227 females and 127 males). The data collected by the “Student Expectation and Satisfaction Survey of Hacettepe University” were analyzed based on the program type (Daytime and Nighttime Education) and year of study. Findings revealed that the expectation levels of students in all groups were high and satisfaction levels were medium or lower. There was no significant effect on the satisfaction level of the program type and the year of study.
Quo Vadis, Europa?
Authors: Whelanová Markéta
Published: January 2017

Quo Vadis, Europa? Loopholes in the EU Law and Difficulties in the Implementation Process

EU law is a very wide-ranging legal system that comprises thousands of legal acts. It endeavours to regulate many relationships in the Member States of the European Union and effects everyday lives both of individuals and public bodies. EU law is, however, not always positively accepted. Such non-acceptance often follows from the increasing number of cases when EU law cannot be effectively applied on the national level. Significant reason for that lies in the poor quality of EU law.

The article describes features that cause ambiquity of EU legislation, its complexity and incompleteness, that have a very detrimental effect on the application of EU law on the national level. Further it refers to defects of form of certain pieces of EU legislation that give rise to questions concerning legal certainty and due implementation into national legal orders. The article contains many illustrative examples supporting the presented points of view and indicates ways to be taken in the future.
Enforcement of Judgments in SEE, CIS, Georgia and Mongolia
Authors: O’Sullivan Kim , Bradautanu Veronica
Published: January 2017

Enforcement of Judgments in SEE, CIS, Georgia and Mongolia – Challenges and Solutions

The article considers the results of the Assessment of enforcement systems for commercial cases, carried out by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in 2013-2014. In phase I the Assessment looked at the systems in thirteen countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (“CIS+ region”); and in phase II another eight countries were reviewed: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia (“SEE region”).

On the basis of the information gathered during the Assessment, the article compares the three forms of enforcement systems and their manifestation in the assessed regions: public (state), private and mixed (hybrid) systems. Using examples from the reviewed jurisdictions, the article discusses the benefits and downsides of each form. There is no preferred form; however, each may borrow elements from the other to result in a stronger system.

The Assessment attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the enforcement frameworks and practices and to pinpoint areas that might need reform and attention in order to improve the quality of the service. It looked at the following elements of enforcement: resources and framework, supervision and integrity issues, searching for assets, seizure of assets, sale of assets, speed of enforcement, cost and fees.

The article discusses in detail the two areas of enforcement that emerged from the Assessment as most challenging: searching for debtors’ assets and sale of seized assets. Facilitated access to registers, wider use of electronic means of communications and clear process are identified among the contributors to better practice in searching for assets. Similarly, use of electronic platforms, establishing a fair price, ensuring sufficient flexibility in methods and process of sale would help improve the outcome of enforcement.

The article further analyses another two components often overlooked by the regulatory bodies and policymakers, which permeate the enforcement system, significantly influencing the enforcement process. This refers to gathering of statistical data about the results of enforcement and its effective use; as well as efficient supervisory system over enforcement agents. The article argues that gathering data about, for example, enforcement timeline and percentage of recovered claims, and publicizing such data shall contribute to improved results. Furthermore, having an adequate complaints system will help build trust in the enforcement profession.
Ionic Liquid-Bonded Fused Silica as a New Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber for the Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Bisphenol A as an Endocrine Disruptor
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Nasim , Matin Amir Abbas , Samadi Naser , Shomali Ashkan , Valizadeh Hassan
Published: January 2017

Linear ionic liquid bonded to fused silica and its application as a solid-phase microextraction fiber for the extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) from water samples were studied. Afteroptimization of microextraction conditions (15 mL sample volume, extraction time of 40 min, extraction temperature of 30± 1°C, 300 μL acetonitrile as the desorption solvent, and desorption time of 7 min), the fiber was used to extract BPA from packed mineral water, followed by HPLC–UV on an XDB-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm id, 3.5 μm particle) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile–water (45 + 55%, v/v) and flow rate of 1 mL . min−1). A low LOD (0.20 μg. L−1) and good linearity (0.9977) in the calibration graph indicated that the proposed method was suitable for the determination of BPA.
Development and Validation of a Fast Stability-Indicating Ion-Paired Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Assay of Thiabendazole and Estimation of Its Related Compounds
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tian Jingzhi , Rustum Abu
Published: January 2017

Thiabendazole is a benzimidazole-based anthelmintic active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of intestinal pinworm and Strongyloides infections. Thiabendazole is also used as a fungicide to control fungal diseases in fruits and vegetables. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the development and validation of a novel stability-indicating reversed-phase ion-paired HPLC method for the assay of thiabendazole and estimation of its related compounds. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using an isocraticelution at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min using an ACE 5 C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 μm particle size) columnmaintained at 35°C and with UV detection at 300 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 25% acetonitrile and75% 10 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt aqueous solution containing 0.1% methanesulfonic acid. The total run time was only 4 min. The new method was successfully validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The stability-indicating capability of the method was demonstrated through adequate separation of all potential related compounds (from thiabendazole and from each other) present in aged and stressed degraded samples. The ion-paired HPLC method described in this paper is ideal for QC laboratories to conduct routine testing.