bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergy between rapamycin and FLT3 ligand enhances plasmacytoid dendritic cell–dependent induction of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg
Authors: Biswas Moanaro , Sarkar Debalina , Kumar Sandeep R. P. , Nayak Sushrusha , Rogers Geoffrey L. , Markusic David M. , Liao Gongxian , Terhorst Cox , Herzog Roland W.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

Rapamycin and Flt3L are synergistic in Treg induction when coadministered with antigen, resulting in improved tolerance induction. pDCs are required for efficient Treg induction and selectively expanded with Flt3L/rapamycin because of high mTOR activity.
Eculizumab reduces complement activation, inflammation, endothelial damage, thrombosis, and renal injury markers in aHUS
Authors: Cofiell Roxanne , Kukreja Anjli , Bedard Krystin , Yan Yan , Mickle Angela P. , Ogawa Masayo , Bedrosian Camille L. , Faas Susan J.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

This exploratory study describes the effect of eculizumab on multiple physiologic pathways affected by complement dysregulation in aHUS. The results highlight the importance of sustained terminal complement blockade, even in patients with improved clinical laboratory values.
TGF-β signaling in the control of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Blank Ulrika , Karlsson Stefan
Published: April 2015

Blood is a tissue with high cellular turnover, and its production is a tightly orchestrated process that requires constant replenishment. All mature blood cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are the self-renewing units that sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. HSC behavior, such as self-renewal and quiescence, is regulated by a wide array of factors, including external signaling cues present in the bone marrow. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cytokines constitutes a multifunctional signaling circuitry, which regulates pivotal functions related to cell fate and behavior in virtually all tissues of the body. In the hematopoietic system, TGF-β signaling controls a wide spectrum of biological processes, from homeostasis of the immune system to quiescence and self-renewal of HSCs. Here, we review key features and emerging concepts pertaining to TGF-β and downstream signaling pathways in normal HSC biology, featuring aspects of aging, hematologic disease, and how this circuitry may be exploited for clinical purposes in the future.
Immune checkpoint blockade in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Armand Philippe
Published: April 2015

Therapeutic blockade of immune checkpoint pathways, in particular cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and programmed-death 1 (PD-1), has become a paradigm-shifting treatment in solid tumor oncology. Hematologic malignancies (HMs), many of which are known to have clinically exploitable immune sensitivity, are a natural target for this type of treatment. Several clinical trials of checkpoint blockade have been conducted in HM, with preliminary results suggesting the therapeutic usefulness of this approach across several tumor types. In particular, the results of PD-1 blockade in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are remarkable, and raise hope that it may alter the treatment landscape in this disease. However, numerous questions remain about the optimal role of checkpoint blockade both in HL and beyond. Those questions are the focus of this review, in the hope that, if we are at the dawn of a new day in HM immunotherapy, we may begin to envision its morning.
Organoid modeling for cancer precision medicine
Authors: Cantrell Michael A , Kuo Calvin J
Published: March 2015

Editorial summary

Three-dimensional organotypic culture models show great promise as a tool for cancer precision medicine, with potential applications for oncogene modeling, gene discovery and chemosensitivity studies.
The interface between cholinergic pathways and the immune system and its relevance to arthritis
Authors: McAllen Robin M , Cook Andrew D , Khiew Hsu Wei , Martelli Davide , Hamilton John A
Published: March 2015

The nervous and immune systems are likely to be interacting in arthritis, with the possible involvement of both neural and non-neural cholinergic transmission. Centrally acting muscarinic agonists, electrical stimulation of the vagus and treatment with nicotinic receptor agonists can all act systemically to reduce inflammation, although the responsible pathways are incompletely understood. While this ‘cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway’ is widely viewed as a significant pathophysiological mechanism controlling inflammation, the evidence supporting this view is critically reviewed and considered inconclusive; an alternative pathway via sympathetic nerves is implicated. This review also discusses how cholinergic pathways, both neural and non-neural, may impact on inflammation and specifically arthritis. Nicotinic agonists have been reported to reduce the incidence and severity of murine arthritis, albeit an observation we could not confirm, and clinical studies in rheumatoid arthritis have been proposed and/or are underway. While the therapeutic potential of nicotinic agonists and vagal stimulation is clear, we suggest that the ‘cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway’ should not be uncritically embraced as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Distributed multi-hop clustering algorithm for VANETs based on neighborhood follow
Authors: Chen Yuzhong , Fang Mingyue , Shi Song , Guo Wenzhong , Zheng Xianghan
Published: April 2015

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become important components of metropolitan area networks, and clustering for VANETS provides many advantages. However, the stability of current clustering algorithms exhibits poor robustness because a VANET is a highly dynamic scenario. In this study, a novel multi-hop clustering scheme for VANETs, which generates cluster heads (CHs) via neighborhood follow relationship between vehicles, is proposed. The scheme is based on a reasonable assumption that a vehicle cannot certainly identify which vehicle in its multi-hop neighbors is the most suitable to be its CH, but it can easily grasp which vehicle in one-hop distance is the most stable and similar with it, and thus, they most likely belong to the same cluster. Consequently, a vehicle can choose its CH by following the most stable vehicle. The relative mobility between two vehicles combining the gains based on the followed number and the historical following information enables a vehicle to select which target to follow. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed clustering scheme.
Thermal response test for shallow geothermal applications: a probabilistic analysis approach
Authors: Tinti Francesco , Bruno Roberto , Focaccia Sara
Published: March 2015

Background

Thermal Response Test (TRT) is an onsite test used to characterize the thermal properties of shallow underground, when used as heat storage volume for shallow geothermal application. It is applied by injecting/extracting heat into geothermal closed-loop circuits inserted into the ground. The most common types of closed loop are the borehole heat exchangers (BHE), horizontal ground collectors (HGC), and energy piles (EP). The interpretation method of TRT data is generally based on a regression technique and on the calculation of thermal properties through different models, specific for each closed loop and test conditions.

Methods

A typical TRT record is a graph joining a series of experimental temperatures of the thermal carrier fluid. The proposed geostatistical approach considers the temperature as a random function non-stationary in time, with a given trend, therefore the record is considered as a ‘realization’, one of the possible results; the random nature of the test results is transferred to the fluctuations and a variogram modeling can be applied, which may give many information on the TRT behavior.

Results

In this paper, a nested probabilistic approach for TRT output interpretation is proposed, which can be applied for interpreting TRT data, independently of the different methodologies and technologies adopted. In the paper, for the sake of simplicity, the probabilistic approach is applied to the ‘infinite line source’ (ILS) methodology, which is the most commonly used for BHE.

Conclusions

The probabilistic approach, based on variogram modeling of temperature residuals, is useful for identifying with robust accuracy the time boundaries (initial time t
0 and the final time t
f) inside which makes temperature regression analysis possible. Moreover, variograms are used into the analysis itself to increase estimation precision of thermal parameter calculation (ground conductivity λ
g, ground capacity c
g, borehole resistance R
b). Finally, the probabilistic approach helps keep under control the effect of any cause of result variability. Typical behaviors of power, flows, and temperatures and of their interaction with the specific closed-loop circuit and geo-hydrological system are deepened by variogram analysis of fluctuations.
C13 and Thomsen anisotropic parameter distributions for hydraulic fracture monitoring
Authors: Djikpesse Hugues A.
Published: April 2015

Most shale reservoirs are described assuming transverse isotropy. A full characterization of such reservoirs requires the knowledge of six elastic parameters comprising, for instance, the density; P- and S-wave vertical velocities; and the three anisotropic Thomsen parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. For hydraulic fracturing monitoring purposes, the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are typically estimated from perforation microseismic data by analyzing the variation with phase angles of the traveltimes of direct P-waves and direct SH-waves. The estimation of the Thomsen parameter [Formula: see text] is more challenging because most perforation microseismic data do not exhibit direct SV-waves to which the parameter [Formula: see text] is the most sensitive. A Bayesian inference method is proposed to estimate [Formula: see text] from traveltimes of secondary SV-waves observed on microseismic data. Because the interpretation of the physics underlying the observation of these secondary SV-waves is often not readily available for wellsite operations, a marginalization scheme is used to account for uncertainties associated with not knowing, or only partially knowing, the locations where they originated from. I determined the benefits of the proposed method by applying it to data sets collected in the Jonah field using a single monitoring well. The results revealed a significant variance reduction of more than 15-fold on the posterior probability distribution associated with [Formula: see text] when using the secondary-source SV-waves. Moreover, a more accurate estimate of the microseismically derived fractured volume is achieved with variance reduced by more than a factor of 75.
You've got mail — if you want it
Authors: Swiney Mick
Published: April 2015

SEG has 30,000 members and more than 100,000 recipients who have expressed interest in receiving information about our products, services, events, and activities via e-mail.
Regulation by a TGFβ-ROCK-actomyosin axis secures a non-linear lumen expansion that is essential for tubulogenesis
Authors: Denker Elsa , Sehring Ivonne M. , Dong Bo , Audisso Julien , Mathiesen Birthe , Jiang Di
Published: April 2015

Regulation of lumen growth is crucial to ensure the correct morphology, dimensions and function of a tubular structure. How this is controlled is still poorly understood. During Ciona intestinalis notochord tubulogenesis, single extracellular lumen pockets grow between pairs of cells and eventually fuse into a continuous tube. Here, we show that lumen growth exhibits a lag phase, during which the luminal membranes continue to grow but the expansion of the apical/lateral junction pauses for ∼30 min. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin II activity abolishes this lag phase and accelerates expansion of the junction, resulting in the formation of narrower lumen pockets partially fusing into a tube of reduced size. Disruption of actin dynamics, conversely, causes a reversal of apical/lateral junction expansion, leading to a dramatic conversion of extracellular lumen pockets to intracellular vacuoles and a tubulogenesis arrest. The onset of the lag phase is correlated with a de novo accumulation of actin that forms a contractile ring at the apical/lateral junctions. This actin ring actively restricts the opening of the lumen in the transverse plane, allowing sufficient time for lumen growth via an osmotic process along the longitudinal dimension. The dynamics of lumen formation is controlled by the TGFβ pathway and ROCK activity. Our findings reveal a TGFβ-ROCK-actomyosin contractility axis that coordinates lumen growth, which is powered by the dynamics of luminal osmolarity. The regulatory system may function like a sensor/checkpoint that responds to the change of luminal pressure and fine-tunes actomyosin contractility to effect proper tubulogenesis.
Wavelet Neural Network Based Wind Speed Forecasting and Wind Power Incorporated Economic Dispatch with Losses
Authors: Ulagammai M. , Devi R. P. Kumudini
Published: April 2015

Wind speed and wind power generation are characterized by their inherent variability and uncertainty. To overcome this drawback, an accurate prediction of wind speed is essential. The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybrid Wavelet Neural Network model for wind speed forecasting and thus, in turn, for wind power generation. The combined optimal economic scheduling of the wind generators and conventional generators has also been investigated in this paper. Three solution techniques, viz., Primal Dual Interior Point, Differential Evolution and Bacterial Foraging algorithms have been employed for optimal scheduling and tested utilizing the IEEE 118 bus system. A realistic example case, Indian utility 66 bus system is also presented. Using the simulation results, the performance of the methods proposed are compared and analyzed.
Defining Capacity Factor by Weibull Shape Parameter and Mean Wind Speed
Authors: de Medeiros Armando L. R. , Araújo Alex M. , de Oliveira Filho Oyama D. Q. , Rohatgi Janardan
Published: April 2015

This workmodels capacity factor in terms of wind turbine operating characteristics, mean wind speed, and shape parameter of Weibull probability density function. The methodology used involves fewer parameters than have been used by other workers. We have used a nondimensional speed parameter ( x) as the ratio of the wind speed ( V) to the mean wind speed ( Vm). The operating characteritics of a megawatt wind turbine cut-in ( Vin), rated ( Vr) and cut-out ( Vout) speeds are divided by Vm, resulting into nondimensional speeds: xin, xr, and xout, respectively. Similarly, the Weibull scale parameter is also transformed by the Vm. The final model of the capacity factor constitutes four variables: xin, xr, xout and k. The analysis of model shows that, in general, low values of nondimensional speed xr results into higher values of capacity factor. The shape parameter also influences the value of capacity factor. High values of shape parameter provides, in general, low value of capacity factor. For example, a turbine designed for shape parameter of about 2 if installed at a site where the shape parameter is about 4 or more than the value of capacity factor may reduce by almost 10%. The analysis also shows that if one wishes to achieve higher values of capacity factor for a turbine desined for k = 2 to k = 4 would necessitate increase in the mean wind speed of the new site ( k = 4).
CFD Simulation of the NREL Phase VI Rotor
Authors: Song Y. , Perot J. B.
Published: April 2015

The simulation of the turbulent and potentially separating flow around a rotating, twisted, and tapered airfoil is a challenging task for CFD simulations. This paper describes CFD simulations of the NREL Phase VI turbine that was experimentally characterized in the 24.4 m × 36.6 m NREL/NASA Ames wind tunnel. All computations in this article are performed on the experimental base configuration of 0° yaw angle, 3° tip pitch angle, and a rotation rate of 72 rpm. The significance of specific mesh resolution regions to the accuracy of the CFD prediction is discussed. The ability of CFD to capture bulk quantities, such as the shaft torque, and the detailed flow characteristics, such as the surface pressure distributions, are explored for different inlet wind speeds. Finally, the significant three-dimensionality of the boundary layer flow is demonstrated.
A Modified Switching Control Strategy for Low-Voltage Faults in a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbine System
Authors: Han Gang , Zhang Jianwen , Wang Han , Cai Xu
Published: April 2015

Grid-connected wind turbines are developing rapidly nowadays, and thus their interactions with the power grid are becoming increasingly important. Grid-friendly wind turbines should possess stable output power, fast dynamic responses, and perfect fault-ride-through capability. This paper focuses on the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) of a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system equipped with fully rated neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters. We propose a modified control strategy based on rotor-energy storage and the coordinated control of active and reactive power to meet grid interconnection standards. In addition, a dc chopper circuit works as a coordinated protection device for avoiding overspeed. The correctness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are demonstrated through simulations. The large inertia link of the drive chain could be used to stabilize turbine operation under conditions of power dynamic mutation by taking advantage of its suitability for energy storage, which avoids the wind energy loss.
Influence of the DVR on the Transient Response of Wind Farms against Voltage Sags
Authors: Ríos Alberto , Guevara David
Published: April 2015

In this paper has been evaluated the transient response of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) against voltage sags and the impact of these electronic devices to maintain the continuity of supply of wind farms against a three-phase voltage sag. The aim of these studies is to verify the influence of the DVR on the ability of wind turbines and wind farms to fulfill the more demanding grid connection requirements of power systems operators. Moreover, the simulations are performed in order to:

Analyse the impact of DVR device on the transient response of wind farm. Evaluate the capacity of fixed speed wind farms to maintain the continuity of supply during three-phase voltage sags.
Collaboration Theory
Authors: Colbry Stephanie , Hurwitz Marc , Adair Rodger
Published: April 2015

Theories of collaboration exist at the interfirm and intergroup level, but not the intragroup or team level. Team interactions are often framed in terms of leadership and followership, a categorization which may, or may not, accurately reflect the dynamics of intragroup interactions. To create a grounded theory of collaboration, the Farmer’s Exercise was given to groups of students, their interactions were recorded and post-exercise interviews of participants and observers were done. From a detailed analysis of the recordings and interviews a grounded theory of collaboration was developed. Two broad categories of collaborative behavior formed the frame of the theory that we call Collaborative Theory (CT). The first category, Individual First, is composed of three causal themes: turn-taking, observing or doing, and status seeking. The second category, Team First, also has three causal themes: influencing others, organizing work, and building group cohesion. This second theme can be identified with managerial and leadership action but we argue that it need not. Although this is a preliminary study subject to further validation and testing, CT already identifies collaborative behaviors that shed new light on intragroup interactions.
Leadership Education and Service: Exploring Transformational Learning Following a Tornado
Authors: Buschlen Eric , Warner Cathleen , Goffnett Sean
Published: April 2015

Each year, millions of people around the world are affected by natural disasters. Following these disasters, many students from colleges and universities arrive to support the affected areas. These seamless leadership learning opportunities engage students by allowing them to implement the concepts they learned in a classroom. Humanitarian relief requires leadership and logistics to mobilize essential resources to aid vulnerable groups affected by these disasters. This qualitative study evaluates two separate relief projects that were hands-on, week- long service trips involving college students responding to two natural disasters in the United States of America. Using data collected from prompt-based journals, the researchers in this study sought to develop a deeper understanding of participant service experiences in relation to leadership education. Leadership education provides valuable reflection points for students and this manuscript outlines key themes from two unique service experiences. This project showcases these reflections and provides a potential qualitative assessment process for similar endeavors useful for both educators and researchers alike.
Implementing a Class-Scheduling System at the College of Business and Economics of Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Biniyam Asmare
Published: March 2015

The College of Business and Economics at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia has had phenomenal growth during the past 10 years. This aligns with Ethiopia’s aggressive higher education expansion policy. With this growth, however, came complex operational planning problems of which class scheduling is one. The college has customarily solved its class-scheduling problem using a manual approach; however, as it expanded, the manual approach became overly cumbersome and inaccurate. Several schedule revisions were necessary before usable schedules were found. As a result, many courses started late, and some course topics were not covered adequately. To address this situation, we developed a sequential linear integer programming approach to scheduling classes. Using this approach, we generated complete and conflict-free schedules and reduced the time required to construct schedules from one week to less than an hour. We also improved the percentage of morning classes from 50 to 60 percent and significantly reduced room switching. The teaching loads generated achieve a more balanced distribution for instructors, and lectures are spread more evenly across the weekdays per section. We used the system to construct official schedules for the college’s first and second semesters of its 2013–2014 academic year.
Managing prediabetes in practice
Authors: Morris David
Published: April 2015

In the third in a series, David Morris outlines management approaches for patients at risk of developing type 2
Taking a risk with… group work
Authors: Pittam Nadine
Published: March 2015

In the third of her articles on taking calculated risks in the classroom, Nadine Pittam discusses some risks we can take when it comes to group work
Periodontal probing and charting in veterinary nursing
Authors: Bloor Claire
Published: March 2015

Dental work is commonly performed in small animal veterinary practice. Everybody involved in the provision of this service should be knowledgeable regarding dental anatomy and terminology. Oral assessment is fundamental to the planning and execution of thorough and appropriate treatment, and should be undertaken in every patient. The veterinary nurse is often involved in patient assessment during various clinics, perioperatively and when tending to inpatients. Therefore, the veterinary nurse is a key person in identifying and documenting problems and providing advice to clients. As such, a veterinary nurse must be proficient in performing conscious oral examinations, but equally competent in the process of probing teeth and charting the findings when the animal is anaesthetised. This article provides an overview of the relevant anatomy and terminology associated with the oral cavity, followed by a discussion about how and what to record when probing a patient's teeth under general anaesthetic.
Critical care of the guinea pig: a veterinary nurse's guide part 1
Authors: Bament Wendy
Published: March 2015

Guinea pigs are a popular pet choice and are often encountered in veterinary hospitals, as they are susceptible to husbandry and stress-related conditions and do not readily show the early stages of an illness. Consequently, they are often presented in a critical condition and requiring ‘life-saving’ treatments which can be challenging, mainly owing to their stoic yet easily stressed nature. A full physical examination will allow for priorities in the treatment plan to be determined, and species-specific considerations could improve patient care. Veterinary nurses should be encouraged by their team to pursue developing skills in clinical techniques such as venepuncture, to ensure efficient relief from suffering. Consequently, nurses can play a vital role in applying the initial critical care and therapies such as heat, fluids, oxygen and nutritional support. This article aims to review the relevant characteristics of guinea pigs as patients and their commonly encountered critical illnesses. Part two of this topic will address the nursing initiatives that can facilitate the critical care and recovery of pet guinea pigs
An examination of perioperative temperature fluctuations in canine patients undergoing routine neutering
Authors: Fraser Mary , Beverly Fiona , Wood Barbara
Published: March 2015

Objective:

To examine the fluctuations in body temperature in dogs undergoing routine neutering both during surgery and in the recovery phase.

Methods:

Utilising a convenience sampling approach, body temperatures of 17 healthy male and female dogs undergoing routine neutering were monitored during and after anaesthesia. Temperature recording was carried out with an auricular thermometer to minimise stress and discomfort. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Minitab 15.

Results:

Body temperature of 15 of the 17 dogs dropped below 37°C at some point during or after anaesthesia. Examination of median temperature results revealed a drop from the time of preparation for surgery, through to the time of discharge up to 6 hours after the end of general anaesthesia. At discharge the body temperature of five dogs was still lower than 37°C. Body temperature did not return to preanaesthesia levels during the recovery stage for 16 of the 17 patients.

Conclusion:

Following anaesthesia dogs are likely to demonstrate a lower than normal body temperature and should therefore be monitored throughout recovery. Longer hospitalisation may be required to ensure patients are only discharged once their temperature has returned to baseline level.
Quaternary evolution of the Marão Mountain and its consequences in the present dynamics
Authors: Pedrosa António de Sousa , Marques Bernardo Serpa , Martins Bruno , Sousa José Henrique
Published: April 2015

Localized in the north of Portugal, Serra do Marão is part of a mountainous range that separates the mountains of Entre Douro e Minho from the plateaux of Trás-os-Montes. Weather characteristics of Quaternary coldest times were very important in terms of morphogenetic processes, which acted on its slopes, creating deposits that, nowadays, are conditioning the present dynamics.
Kunsthal. Transferencias entre pensamiento y arquitectura
Authors: Paschetta Mg. Arq. Leticia
Published: March 2015

El Kunsthall es una obra manifiestoen la que están presentes prácticamente todos los elementos conceptuales de la arquitectura de OMA y se ponen en cuestión el programa, la tipología, la estructura, el detalle y la técnica. Un espacio a–jerárquico, sin centro, a–tipológico, donde público–privado, abierto–cerrado se funden y nunca aparecen en estado puro. Un programa híbrido, resultado de comprender la realidad como hecho complejo, buscando contener lo inestable y adaptarse a cambios continuos. Una estructura de aspecto aparentemente caótico, frente a la homogeneidad de una grilla, resultado de métodos de cálculo de simulación que permiten incorporar la complejidad de la realidad, dando por resultado una racionalidad diferente, que no es simple, ni abstracta, ni homogénea. Una mirada de la tecnología desde el pensamiento arquitectónico, donde instalaciones y estructura se convierten en elementos centrales y disparadores espaciales, mediante el trabajo conjunto con especialistas al inicio del proceso. Una estrategia selectiva del control del detalle, con una intención programática de poner en crisis los preceptos establecidos por la cultura arquitectónica, cuestionando el valor del detalle y en un sentido el valor de la técnica, en pos del puro concepto y construyendo una racionalidad diferente que contiene aspectos aparentemente irracio-nales en su misma esencia.
Desafíos proyectuales contemporáneos
Authors: Fernández Quinteiro Dra. Arq. Laura
Published: March 2015

«Desafíos Proyectuales Contemporáneos» es un artículo de reflexión que trata sobre el problema que enfrentan gran cantidad de arquitectos actualmente al tener que intervenir sobre obras preexistentes realizadas por destacados arquitectos modernos y de valor patrimonial. Nos referimos a obras originales muy valoradas por la cultura arquitectónica y la historiografía de la arquitectura nacional. Para el presente trabajo se seleccionaron tres obras relevantes realizadas por el arquitecto uruguayo Julio Vilamajó entre 1931 y 1947, correspondientes a diferentes localizaciones, escalas y programas arquitectónicos, caídas con el transcurso de los años en desuso total o parcial. Se reflexiona sobre la forma en que se llevaron a cabo proyectos contemporáneos de adaptación a nuevos requerimientos y necesidades. La esencia del problema radica en descubrir y comprender la naturaleza compositiva y el espíritu de la preexistencia, conocer sus cualidades y valores originales, cuáles de ellos permanecen inalterados, cuáles son transformados y qué nuevos valores incorpora la actuación.
Paradigma moderno de la ciudad puerto de Valparaíso
Authors: Ferrada Aguilar Arq. Mario
Published: March 2015

El Área Histórica de la Ciudad Puerto de Valparaíso, declarada Sitio del Patrimonio Mundial UNESCO el 2 de julio del año 2003, se desarrolla a partir del siglo XVI para consolidarse mediante un persistente proceso de modernización hacia fines del siglo XIX, configurándose un paisaje histórico urbano, resultante de la transformación que la cultura portuaria, comercial y de intercambio ha ejercido sobre sus recursos naturales. El borde urbano costero de esta ciudad representa una de las invenciones culturales de mayor valor y autenticidad, con un potencial de desarrollo sostenible para el siglo XXI. No obstante, este paisaje se enfrenta a las dinámicas de la globalización mediática y económica, con procesos especulativos transnacionales, donde la planificación urbana y las administraciones locales, regionales y nacionales son incapaces de asumir un control efectivo. La preservación del paisaje del borde urbano costero de Valparaíso debe asumirse como un patrimonio dinámico, inserto en un territorio urbano vivo, definiéndole indicadores de medición del estado de conservación y desarrollo del bien urbano-costero. Su gestión compromete una directa valoración de los roles históricos, la participación vinculante de los agentes sociales, la promoción de una arquitectura apropiada y la búsqueda de preservación ecológica entre recursos naturales y culturales.
La vivienda ante emergencias
Authors: Gonzàlez Chipont Arq. María Eugenia , Palero Arq. Juan Santiago
Published: March 2015

Este trabajo propone analizar la evolución de la vivienda como respuesta ante emergencias desde principios del siglo XX hasta nuestros días. La secuencia de casos a analizar no sigue una cronología estricta sino que se organiza en función de un creciente grado de complejidad. Comienza con los aportes fundamentales de la vivienda mínima del movimiento moderno, con un fuerte acento en lo tecnológico, para ir profundizando, mientras avanzamos en el siglo, en los aspectos sociales de la arquitectura. Sin intentar oponer lo tecnológico y lo social, la estructura propuesta expresa un enriquecimiento de la cuestión técnica conforme se van ampliando sus objetivos sociales. Mientras los requerimientos tecnológicos como la inmediatez y la masividad de la respuesta, permanecen a lo largo del tiempo, la vivienda ante emergencias puede plantearse objetivos sociales cada vez más profundos. Los casos fueron elegidos a partir de autores renombrados de la Historia de la Arquitectura partiendo de ejemplos cercanos a la génesis del movi-miento moderno para acercarnos cada vez más hacia el contexto actual de Latinoamérica. Se logra así un barrido geográfico pero principalmente cultural: desde las fuentes de la modernidad, bajo el paradigma sólido de la industrialización, hasta la inestabilidad de la ciudad posindustrial latinoamericana.
Planes y proyectos para un desarrollo sustentable
Authors: Montenegro Mg. Arq. Jorge , Martìnez Mg. Arq. Mónica , Peralta Mg. Arq. Carolina , Scarabello Arq. Juan Pablo , Gordillo Mg. Arq. Natacha
Published: March 2015

La cátedra de Urbanismo I A de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, considera que es fundamental educar a los alumnos en la construcción de un pensamiento crítico reflexivo, sobre la base de teorías, modelos y metodologías preocupados por el desarrollo sustentable de nuestras ciudades. En este contexto, la cátedra promueve la construcción de una visión holística sobre la ciudad, abordando los contenidos, metodologías e instrumentación específica —planes maestros, proyectos urbanos— desde los enfoques tradicionales: físico–funcional y morfológico–perceptual, los que se complementan con una mirada socioambiental del fenómeno urbano. En este artículo presentamos una síntesis de la tarea académica que desarrollamos.
Otra ciudad es posible
Authors: Faraci Mg. Arq. Mariano
Published: March 2015

Luego de reconocer como problema central la insostenibilidad del modelo de ciudad expandida, por un lado, y la expulsión de población que suponen ciertas intervenciones en la ciudad existente, por otra, a través de sucesivas investigaciones se ha indagado sobre cómo intervenir en la ciudad construida aportando a su sostenibilidad y calidad de vida, evitando que se produzcan fenómenos indeseados y contraproducentes como la expansión sin límites y la expulsión de población, tomando como marco tres ideas centrales: una, la articulación de una acción tendiente a repoblar el centro, renovar y re–densificar los barrios del pericentro, estructurar y completar sus barrios periféricos. Dos, en esos tres ámbitos, articular tres instancias de trabajo: vivienda, equipamiento social y espacio público como estructurante. Tres, a su vez, estas últimas, cruzadas por tres ejes conceptuales y de diseño: calidad de vida, capacidad de adaptación a los cambios y materialidad sustentable. El presente artículo, que se propone en la categoría de artículo de reflexión, retoma aquellas elaboraciones para desde allí reflexionar sobre la necesidad de una mayor y más comprometida (con los derechos socioespaciales) intervención en el mercado del suelo e inmobiliario, con recupero de plusvalía por parte del Estado, en el marco de un plan general como camino hacia la construcción de una ciudad democrática, plural e inclusiva.
Evaluating the reasons of low reading skills of primary school students and the activities used by teachers
İlkokul öğrencilerinin düşük okuma başarısının nedenlerinin ve öğretmenlerin kullandığı etkinliklerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Çakıroğlu Orhan
Published: April 2015

Reading skill is one of the most important skills in someone’s educational life. Although reading skill has such an importance, there are limited research studies that investigate reading achievement of students with low reading skills and factors that their teachers believe that cause low reading achievement. Specifically, there is no research study that investigates reading success around Turkey. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activies that primary school teachers and special education teachers use in their classrooms and opinions of these teachers regarding their students’ reading success. According to the findings, most students in our primary schools have poor reading skills. Teachers believe that the main reasons for poor reading skills are the student himself and parents’ negative attitudes. Also, the most used activies by teachers are asking parents to help their children and spending more individual time with students during reading studies.

 

Özet

Okuma becerisi bireyin eğitim yaşamında en önemli yere sahip becerilerin başında gelmektedir. Okuma becerisinin bu derece büyük öneme sahip olmasına rağmen ilkokul öğrencilerinin okuma başarısını değerlendiren ve ilkokul öğretmenlerinin düşük okuma başarısının nedenleri olarak gördükleri faktörlerin tespitine yönelik çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Özellikle Türkiye genelini kapsayan herhangi bir çalışmaya alanyazında rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ülkemizdeki sınıf ve özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin sınıflarındaki öğrencilerin okuma başarılarını artırmaya yönelik yaptıkları etkinliklerin türünü, sıklığını ve bu öğretmenlerin öğrencilerinin okuma performanslarına yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, ilkokul sınıflarındaki öğrencilerimizin büyük bir çoğunluğunun okuma başarısı ortalamanın altındadır. Öğretmenler düşük okuma başarısının en önemli nedenleri olarak öğrencinin kendisini ve ailenin olumsuz tutumlarını görmektedir. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin en sık kullandıkları etkinlikler ailelerden öğrencilere okuma becerilerinde yardımcı olmalarını istemek ve öğrenciyle okuma çalışmalarında bireysel olarak çok zaman harcamadır.
Social Enterprise Innovation in Context: Stakeholder Influence through Contestation
Authors: Newth Jamie
Published: April 2015

Social enterprises are the products of the social, cultural, commercial, and political expectations of the innovation’s range of stakeholders, not solely the vision of the social entrepreneur(s). The power of stakeholders to influence the development of an innovation is drawn from their salience and the resources, access, and/or legitimacy that their support would provide. In this way, the actions of social entrepreneurs represent the interests of communities and it is through processes of resistance, negotiation, and collaboration that the actions of social enterprises become the manifestations of collective social processes. This paper draws on the development of a nascent social enterprise in New Zealand to demonstrate how the effects of its context ultimately shaped its innovative business model. Using an ethnographic methodology, the development of the business model and the partnership through which it formed was examined by the author as a central actor as it unfolded. The case study serves as an illustrative example of the ways in which differing expectations, beliefs, and logics of stakeholders induces particular decisions to be made about the design, resourcing, and strategy of the venture.
Plagiarism Detection Using Machine Learning-Based Paraphrase Recognizer
Authors: Chitra A. , Rajkumar Anupriya
Published: April 2015

Plagiarism in free text has become a common occurrence due to the wide availability of voluminous information resources. Automatic plagiarism detection systems aim to identify plagiarized content present in large repositories. This task is rendered difficult by the use of sophisticated plagiarism techniques such as paraphrasing and summarization, which mask the occurrence of plagiarism. In this work, a monolingual plagiarism detection technique has been developed to tackle cases of paraphrased plagiarism. A support vector machine based paraphrase recognition system, which works by extracting lexical, syntactic, and semantic features from input text has been used. Both sentence-level and passage-level approaches have been investigated. The performance of the system has been evaluated on various corpora, and the passage level approach has registered promising results.
Research on the Selection of Geosynthetics for Infrastructure Works
Authors: Chirică Raluca Ioana
Published: April 2015

Rezumat

Materialele geosintetice sunt utilizate la scară largă în lucrările de infrastructura transporturilor şi protecţia mediului.

Armăturile din geosintetice permit realizarea unor lucrări inginereşti dificile şi chiar imposibil de realizat, cum ar fi execuţia de terasamente pe terenuri slabe sau foarte slabe de fundare sau construcţia de lucrări de susţinere complexe.

Interacţiunea geosintetic - pământ (frecarea între feţe şi/sau caracteristicile de încleştare) reprezintă un element cheie ce joacă un rol important în cazul structurilor din pământ armat sau în alte aplicaţii unde este importantă rezistenţa materialului geosintetic la alunecare sau smulgere.

De asemenea, fluajul sub acţiunea încărcărilor de lungă durată reprezintă una dintre cele mai importante proprietăţi a materialelor geosintetice utilizate ca armături. Încercarea la fluaj permite stabilirea duratei de exploatare a lucrărilor care înglobează materiale geosintetice.

Încercările efectuate pe materialele geosintetice trebuie să fie în conformitate cu cerinţele unei anumite aplicaţii practice şi să aibă ca scop comun alegerea celei mai potrivite soluţii. De exemplu, în cazul unei lucrări de armare a unui masiv de pământ, este necesară atât cunoaşterea caracteristicilor de tip efort - deformaţie ale materialului geosintetic utilizat, cât şi determinarea parametrilor de interacţiune pământ-material geosintetic.

În lucrare se prezintă încercările de performanţă efectuate pentru ansamblul pământgeogrilă în cadrul acestui studiu, precum şi rezultatele obţinute şi concluzii privind utilizarea geogrilelor în cadrul lucrărilor de îmbunătăţire a caracteristicilor pământului. Este evidenţiat rolul unei selecţii corecte a materialului geosintetic care urmează a fi utilizat pentru lucrări de pământ armat.
How to Read the Tractatus: Traditionally, Resolutely, or Iconologically?
Authors: Wilke Andrea
Published: April 2015

My text contributes to the debate taking place in the current research on the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and how to interpret his
The Study of Peristaltic Motion of Third Grade Fluid under the Effects of Hall Current and Heat Transfer
Authors: Vafai Kambiz , Khan Ambreen Afsar , Sajjad Saba , Ellahi Rahmat
Published: March 2015

This article is concerned with the peristaltic pumping of an incompressible, electrically conducting third grade fluid in a uniform channel. The Hall effect under the influence of wall properties and heat transfer is taken into account. Mathematical modelling is based upon continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Closed form solutions for velocity, temperature, concentration, and heat transfer coefficient are obtained. Effects of pertinent parameters, such as third grade parameter Γ, Hall parameter M, amplitude ratio ε, Brickman number Br, Soret number Sc, wall tension E
1 and elasticity parameters E
2 and E
3 on the velocity u, temperature θ, concentration φ, and heat transfer coefficient Z, are discussed through graphs.
Controllable Nonautonomous Rogue Waves in the Modified Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Distributed Coefficients in Inhomogeneous Fibers
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Lu Lu , Qi Feng-Hua
Published: March 2015

Under investigation in this paper is an inhomogeneous modified nonlinear Schrödinger (MNLS) equation describing the ultrashort pulse dynamics with the distributed dispersion, self-phase modulation, self-steepening, and linear gain/loss. Nonautonomous rogue waves for the inhomogeneous MNLS equation are constructed via the modified Darboux transformation with the inhomogeneous parameters. The dynamical behaviours and main characteristics of the nonautonomous rogue waves in inhomogeneous fibers are discussed by analysing certain physical quantities. The inhomogeneous effects on the evolution of rogue waves are considered by virtue of the presented rational solutions with distributed coefficients. It is found that the group velocity dispersion (GVD) and linear gain/loss coefficients have effects on the trajectories and amplitudes of the rogue waves, respectively. Additionally, an intriguing composite rogue wave of the inhomogeneous MNLS equation is revealed, owing to the proper choice of the GVD coefficient. Our results could be useful for controlling the rogue waves in the dispersion-managed fiber system.
Ammonia Dissociation on Graphene Oxide: An Ab Initio Density Functional Theory Calculation
Authors: Huang Liangliang , Gubbins Keith E.
Published: March 2015

Interactions of ammonia and water with the oxygen-containing
functional groups of graphite oxide have been studied by ab
initio density functional theory method. The results show that
ammonia can dissociate on the carboxyl, epoxy and hydroxyl groups. The
dissociation on the epoxy group is an exothermic reaction with a small
activation energy barrier. Water is found to form a hydrogen bond with
the carboxyl, epoxy and hydroxyl groups, and thus will block ammonia
from interacting with those functional groups. The results in this
work provide a fundamental understand of previous experiments about
ammonia adsorption on graphene oxide materials.
Vacuum Pluviation Device for Achieving Saturated Sand
Authors: Yniesta Samuel , Lemnitzer Anne , Cappa Riccardo , Brandenberg Scott J.
Published: April 2015

Saturation of sand specimens during experimental investigations is important to correctly reproduce undrained shearing behavior, including liquefaction. Sand below the water table is often well saturated in situ because any gases trapped during deposition or compaction have had adequate time to dissolve or migrate through the sand. Reproducing this condition on a short time scale in the laboratory often requires use of backpressure or vacuum saturation. However, backpressure and vacuum saturation sometimes cannot be utilized, for example, in centrifuge models containing soils sensitive to the effects of vacuum. This paper focuses on development and validation of a water pluviation device to construct saturated sand levees during a centrifuge testing program for which backpressure and vacuum methods could not be utilized. P-wave velocity, Vp, measurements using an ultrasound system verified the degree of saturation achieved in the fill. Correlations between Vp and B values are discussed. The vacuum saturation system is shown to provide a high degree of saturation (Vp > 1500 m/s), whereas more traditional water pluviation techniques are shown to produce unsaturated fill.
Identification of Manholes Beneath Pavements Using RFID and AR Technologies
Authors: Yang Shu-Rong , Chang Jia-Ruey , Lin Heng-Min , Lin Kun-Hu
Published: March 2015

To reduce the danger due to uneven surfaces because of manholes, lowering manholes into road structures is a good approach to maintain the serviceability of the pavement. However, the vast expanse of road systems quite increases the complexity of manhole identifications when implementing maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities. Hence, an emerging method for finding manholes beneath pavements is needed. In this study, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is used to identify manholes beneath pavements. RFID tags with cement blocks were buried in dense-grade asphalt concrete at different depths in a metal mold and then were identified using RFID in the laboratory. This study developed an easy-to-use program on an RFID reader to identify RFID tags on-site. The RFID tags attached to covers of manholes beneath pavements can be easily monitored by the program. Augmented reality (AR) technology can aid users in manipulating virtual objects in real environments. This study developed a mobile manhole monitoring system (MMS) and a web-based MMS. The location and information of manholes can be transmitted from the web-based MMS through the Internet and be shown on the mobile MMS based on the AR technology. The time and costs of manhole identification can be significantly decreased and pavement maintenance activities may be implemented in a more timely fashion by using RFID and AR technologies.