bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broad scope and narrow focus: On the contemporary linguistic and psycholinguistic study of third language acquisition
Authors: Alonso Jorge González , Rothman Jason , Berndt Denny , Castro Tammer , Westergaard Marit
Published: June 2016

Aims:

in this introduction we situate the seven articles in this special issue in terms of the connections between their themes and their individual contributions to the field of third language acquisition (L3A): new theoretical models, innovative methodologies, an epistemological commentary and new perspectives related to multilingual processing and cognitive function.

Approach:

we discuss important and often overlooked differences between bi- and multilingualism in the context of second language versus third or further language acquisition. We also provide a brief historical overview of the relatively young field of L3A and outline the three current models of linguistic transfer in L3 morphosyntax. Finally, we approach the issues of methodology, psychological complexity and cognitive implications that are discussed in some of these papers.

Conclusions:

the diversity of topics in these articles endows the issue with a broad approach to the field of L3A, while individual articles offer a narrow focus on specific theoretical and methodological issues.

Significance:

this special issue provides an accurate portrayal of the current interest in, and rapid expansion of, multilingualism within linguistic and psycholinguistic approaches.
Patient Fatigue During Aphasia Treatment: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Riley Ellyn A.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to measure speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) perceptions of fatigue in clients with aphasia and identify strategies used to manage client fatigue during speech and language therapy. SLPs completed a short online survey containing a series of questions related to their perceptions of patient fatigue. Of 312 respondents, 80% reported observing fatigue in their patients with aphasia. Notably, 96% of respondents agreed that declining client performance was an indicator of fatigue during sessions. The most commonly reported clinical strategies used when encountering fatigue were taking short breaks and switching to another task. Participants reported that these strategies were primarily selected based on clinical experience (98%) rather than academic or specific clinical training. The study results suggest that current applications of fatigue management are highly variable and that few clinicians base selection of these strategies on any kind of formal training, despite the known importance of this issue.
Litigation and Public Health Policy Making: The Case of Tobacco Control
Authors: Jacobson Peter D. , Warner Kenneth E.
Published: June 2016

Many tobacco control advocates, believing that legislators and regulators have failed to enact and implement sufficiently stringent tobacco control laws, have supported litigation as a means of achieving public health policy goals. In this article, we examine the relationship between litigation and public health policy formulation in the context of the debate over tobacco control policy. The fundamental questions are how social policy should be made regarding the use of tobacco products, and which institutions should be responsible for controlling tobacco use: the market, the political system (i.e., the legislative and regulatory branches of government), or the courts. On balance we conclude that litigation is a second-best solution. We see a distinct role for litigation as a complement to a broader, comprehensive approach to tobacco control policy making, rather than as an alternative to the traditional political apparatus of formulating and implementing public health policy. Our analysis suggests that, in general, public health goals are more directly achievable through the political process than through litigation, though situations such as those concerning tobacco control blur the bounds between litigation and the politics of public health. Litigation has stimulated a national debate over the role of smoking in society and may well move the policy agenda. But we conclude that a sustained legislative and regulatory presence ought to be the foundation of meaningful policy changes.
News and Notes
Authors: Warren David G.
Published: June 2016

This feature of the journal is intended to promote communication among readers by providing a selected listing of personal milestones and organizational changes, announcements of selected grants offered and awards made, a calendar of national and international meetings, titles of miscellaneous reports and other publications, and notices of opportunities for education, research, publishing, and presenting. National and cross-national items are selected from the fields of health politics, economics, ethics, and policy. Please send submissions and suggestions to David G. Warren, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3834, Durham, NC 27710, (919) 942-2480 (telephone and fax), dgwarren@duke.edu.
Nominal Adjustment Regimes in an Evolutionary Macrodynamics
Authors: Lima Gilberto Tadeu , Da Silveira Jaylson Jair
Published: June 2016

We develop a satisﬁcing evolutionary dynamics to provide microfoundations for (in)complete nominal adjustment. A ﬁrm can either pay a cost to update its information set and establish the optimal price (Nash strategy) or make use, without a cost, of past knowledge and try to set a price which is as close as possible to the optimal one (bounded rationality strategy). In a version without mutation, we show that only pure strategy equilibria (survival of only one strategy) emerge, although complete nominal adjustment, and thus money neutrality, is obtained in either case. As for stability, the equilibrium with extinction of Nash (bounded rationality) ﬁrms is a local attractor (repulser). In a version with mutation, in turn, while there are only mixed strategy equilibria (survival of both strategies), money is likewise neutral. And in case there is only one equilibrium, it is a local attractor. Besides, the mixed strategy equilibria of the version with mutation become two pure strategy equilibria when the mutation rate tends to zero.
Measures of Interbank Market Structure: An Application to Brazil
Authors: Chang Eui Jung , Lima Eduardo José Araújo , Guerra Solange M. , Tabak Benjamin M.
Published: June 2016

Many authors emphasize the importance of market structure in the deﬁnition of ﬁnancial fragility; however, a study estimating the degree of completeness and heterogeneity of speciﬁc markets is still missing. In this paper, we address this issue. The paper contributes to the contagion literature by proposing measures of completeness and concentration degrees or heterogeneity amongst ﬁnancial markets. Besides the essentially methodological contribution, we present some empirical results for the Brazilian interbank market.
The Determinants of Criminal Victimization in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Fábio Augusto Reis , Paz Lourenço Senne
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the determinants of victimization by burglary/larceny are assessed theoretically by a model that takes into account the victim’s investment in self-protection and criminals with heterogeneous ability. Such features generate a non-increasing relationship between an individual’s income (which is attractive to the criminal) and her victimization likelihood. Thus, we obtain a novel result indicating that rich people might experience less victimization than middle-class individuals. The determinants are also investigated empirically using a victimization survey for São Paulo state – Brazil (Pesquisa de Condição de Vida – 1998 ), and unlike the previous literature, we found evidence that most of the city size eﬀect on victimization likelihood is explained by the city’s population characteristics (income, education, etc.). Moreover, crime and city size do not have an increasing relationship, and the same applies to victimization likelihood and victim’s income. These results are in line with our theoretical model predictions. Finally, we found evidence that people do not consider their victimization likelihood when choosing a city to live in.
On the Existence of Equilibrium with Incomplete Markets and Non-Monotonic Preferences
Authors: Carvajal Andrés , Geanakoplos John , Riascos Alvaro
Published: June 2016

We provide a shorter proof than Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis (1986) of the existence of equilibrium in an incomplete ﬁnancial market economy with numeraire assets, under the weak assumption that asset returns are non-negative. Furthermore, we relax the strict monotonicity assumption on preferences and as an application we prove the existence of equilibrium when agents may disagree on zero probability events but do not plan to go bankrupt in any state.
Selection of Optimal Lag Length in Cointegrated VAR Models with Weak Form of Common Cyclical Features
Authors: Gutierrez Carlos Enrique Carrasco , Souza Reinaldo Castro , Guillén Osmani Teixeira de Carvalho
Published: June 2016

An important aspect of empirical research based on the vector autoregres- sive (VAR) model is the choice of the lag order, since all inferences in this model depend on the correct model speciÖcation. There have been many studies of how to select the lag order of a nonstationary VAR model subject to cointegration restrictions. In this work, we consider in the model an addi- tional weak form (WF) restriction of common cyclical features to analyze the appropriate way to select the correct lag order. We use two methodologies: the traditional information criteria (AIC, HQ and SC) and an alternative cri- terion (IC(p;s)) that selects the lag order p and the rank structure s due to the WF restriction. We use a Monte-Carlo simulation in the analysis. The results indicate that the cost of ignoring additional WF restrictions in vector autoregressive modeling can be high, especially when the SC criterion is used
Using Spatial Covariance Function for Antitrust Market Delineation
Authors: Lucinda Claudio R. , Filho Arthur Barrionuevo
Published: June 2016

In this paper, an estimation of a Spatial Covariance Function was proposed for determining the relevant geographic market for a merger. This methodology was applied to a proposed merger between two competing Brazilian supermarket chains. During this application, the shortcomings of the analysis carried out by the Brazilian Antitrust System were initially pointed out, including the geographic dimension of the relevant market, which was found to be separated in each municipality located on the shore of Sao Paulo state. The results, based on the estimated spatial covariance function using price data on 22 products in 43 supermarkets, indicate a single geographic market for all municipalities
Effects of Monetary Policy on Firms in Brazil: An Empirical Analysis of the Balance Sheet Channel
Authors: De Oliveira Fernando Nascimento
Published: June 2016

This paper investigates the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Brazil. It is an empirical analysis of the effects of monetary policy on the behavior of firms in Brazil. We build an original database composed of financial statements of 291 public firms and of 4,735 private firms. We use the balance sheet theory to investigate how firms respond to monetary contractions. Our results show that small firms are more sensitive to monetary contractions than large firms.
Identification of monetary policy shocks and its effects: FAVAR methodology for the Brazilian economy
Authors: Rossi Júnior José Luiz
Published: June 2016

This paper applies the factor-augmented vector autoregressive methodology (FAVAR) to analyze the impacy of monetary policy shocks on the Brazilian economy, using 125 monthly series for the period between January of 1995 and September of 2009. Overall, the results obtained were consistent with economic theory and no price puzzle is observed. The paper also compared the FAVAR with the VAR methodologies, concluding that the results were very similar under both methodologies and that the gain of using the FAVAR methodology is very limited when Brazilian data is used to study the effects of monetary shocks.
Does Violence Deter Investment, Hinder Economic Growth?
Authors: Loureiro Paulo R. A. , Silva Emilson Caputo Delfino
Published: June 2016

Using a panel of developed and developing countries, we investigate whether a country’s investment and economic growth rate are negatively related to its violence level. Using GMM and Arelano-Bond procedures we found that violence is a strong deterrent to investment and thus hinders economic growth. Furthermore, we use a broader measure of violence that is able to account for civil war and violent deaths not reported as homicides. This broader measure of violence outperforms intentional homicides in explaining the effect of violence on both investment and economic growth.
The impact of Tax substituition on the price of pharmaceutical products in the of São Paulo
Authors: Chagas André Luis Squarize
Published: June 2016

The mechanism of the Tax Substitution has been widely adopted by the Brazilian states in order simplied the tax collection and combat evasion. Since mid-2007 the Finance Department of the State of S~ao Paulo began to adopt the tax substitution as means of receiving the ICMS due by the pharmaceutical sector. The work seeks to test the eects of change in the form of taxation on consumer prices. For this, three alternative approaches are used to test the existence of structural break in the series of prices of  pharmaceuticals in the state, and the relationship of cointegration of this series with the other states. The results suggest that, after the replacement tax, there were an increase of consumer prices.
Combining Strategies for the Estimation of Treatment Effects
Authors: Firpo Sergio Pinheiro , Pinto Rafael de Carvalho Cayres
Published: June 2016

The estimation of the average effect of a program or treatment on a variable of interest is an important tool for the assessment of economic policies. In general, assignment of potential participants to treatment does not occur at random and could thus generate a selection bias in absence of some correction. A way to get around this problem is by assuming that the econometrician observes a set of determinant characteristics of participation up to a strictly random component. Under such an assumption, the literature contains semiparametric estimators of the average treatment effect that are consistent and can asymptotically reach the semiparametric efficiency bound. However, in frequently available samples, the performance of these methods is not always satisfactory.The aim of this paper is to investigate how the combination of two strategies may generate estimators with better properties in small samples. Therefore, we consider two ways of combining these approaches, based on the double robustness literature developed by James Robins et al. We analyze the properties of these combined estimators and discuss why they can outperform the separate use of each method. Finally, using a Monte Carlo simulation, we compare the performance of these estimators with that of the imputation and reweighting techniques. Our results show that the combination of strategies can reduce bias and variance, but this improvement depends on adequate implementation. We conclude that the choice of smoothing parameters is decisive for the performance of estimators in medium-sized samples.
Gender Bias at the Brazilian Superior Labor Court
Authors: Ponczek Vladimir , Grezzana Stefânia
Published: June 2016

This paper examines the existence of gender bias within the Brazilian Superior Labor Court SLC(TST). Our analysis utilizes a database comprising all the lawsuits decided by the Brazilian Superior Labor Court SLC(TST) between August 2008 and June 2009. We explore, in particular, the fact that the lawsuits are randomly distributed among the judges (male or female) to analyze if the Reporting Judge's gender has an impact over the result of the lawsuit depending on the worker's gender. The results indicated that if we do not condition on nature of the lawsuit, the judges are not gender-biased. However, when we consider the type of lawsuit to be decided, we noticed that, as to some causes, such as:"salary equalization", "framing and affiliations", female judges tend to favor female individuals, whereas male judges are bent to favor male individuals. Our study enhances a possible institutional mechanism that may, at least, explain part of the salary differential between the genders.
Are Political Institutions Substitutes for Democracy? A Political Economy Analysis of Economic Growth
Authors: Teles Vladimir K , Pereira Carlos
Published: June 2016

This manuscript empirically assesses the effects of political institutions on economic growth. It analyzes how political institutions affect economic growth in different stages of democratization and economic development by means of dynamic panel estimation with interaction terms. The new empirical results obtained show that political institutions work as a substitute for democracy promoting economic growth. In other words, political institutions are important for increasing economic growth, mainly when democracy is not consolidated. Moreover, political institutions are extremely relevant to economic outcomes especially in periods of transition to democracy and in poor countries with high ethnical fractionalization.
Poverty Dynamics in Mexico, 2002-2005. An Ethnicity Approach
Authors: Castañeda Navarrete Jennifer
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to contribute to two areas where the empirical research is still scarce—poverty dynamics and indigenous peoples’ welfare. The coverage area of this study is Mexico, a country where indigenous people represent 9.5% of the total population and face a significant gap in their welfare levels in comparison to non-indigenous individuals. By following a components approach, poverty is found to be a chronic phenomenon in Mexico with the chronic component accounting for 75% of the total poverty. Furthermore, by applying a three-fold Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and Tobit regressions, the analysis highlights some factors that contribute to explaining the disadvantaged living conditions faced by indigenous people. These issues include: Lower schooling endowments and returns, lack of adequate infrastructure, fewer economic opportunities either because of labor discrimination or the lack of jobs and access to credit, as well as higher vulnerability to natural disasters.
Local Exponential Frontier Estimation
Authors: Martins-Filho Carlos , Ziegelmann Flávio Augusto , Torrent Hudson da Silva
Published: June 2016

In this paper we propose a local exponential estimator for a multiplicative nonparametric frontiermodel rst introduced by Martins-Filho & Yao (2007). We improve their estimation procedure by adoptinga variant of the local exponential smoothing introduced in Ziegelmann (2002). Our estimator is shown to beconsistent and asymptotically normal under mild regularity conditions. In addition, due to local exponentialsmoothing, potential negativity of conditional variance functions that may hinder the use of Martins-Filhoand Yao's estimator is avoided. A Monte Carlo study is performed to shed light on the nite sample proper-ties of the estimator and to contrast its performance with that of the estimator proposed in Martins-Filho &Yao (2007). We also conduct an empirical exercise in which a production function and associated ecienciesfor branches of nancial institutions in the United States are estimated.
Empirical Selection of Optimal Portfolios and its Influence in the Estimation of Kreps-Porteus Utility Function Parameters
Authors: Faria Adriano , Ornelas Rafael , Almeida Caio
Published: June 2016

This paper investigates the effects on the estimation of parameters related to the elasticity of intertemporal substitution and risk aversion, of the selection of different portfolios to represent the optimal aggregate wealth endogenously derived in equilibrium models with Kreps-Porteus recursive utility. We argue that the usual stock market wide index is not a good portfolio to represent optimal wealth of the representative agent, and we propose as an alternative the portfolio from the Investment Fund Industry. Especially for Brazil, where that industry invests most of its resources in fixed income, the aforementioned substitution of the optimal proxy portfolio caused a significant increase in the risk aversion coefficient and the elasticity of the intertemporal substitution in consumption.
The use of oral nutritional supplements in the acute care setting
Authors: Ojo Omorogieva
Published: June 2016

Oral nutritional supplements offer support to patients in acute care who are undernourished or at risk of malnutrition. Yet doubts remain over cost and compliance. Omorogieva Ojo, Senior Lecturer in Primary Care at University of Greenwich weighs up the evidence
Evaluating the objective structured long examination record for nurse education
Authors: Traynor Marian , Galanouli Despina , Rice Billiejoan , Lynn Fiona
Published: June 2016

An objective structured long examination record (OSLER) is a modification of the long-case clinical examination and is mainly used in medical education. This study aims to obtain nursing students' views of the OSLER compared with the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), which is used to assess discrete clinical skills. A sample of third-year undergraduate nursing students (n=21) volunteered to participate from a cohort of 230 students. Participants undertook the OSLER under examination conditions. Pre-and post-test questionnaires gathered the students' views on the assessments and these were analysed from a mainly qualitative perspective. Teachers' and simulated patient views were also used for data triangulation. The findings indicate that the OSLER ensures more holistic assessment of a student's clinical skills and particularly essential skills such as communication, and that the OSLER, together with the OSCE, should be used to supplement the assessment of clinical competence in nursing education.
Encouraging a listening and learning culture for feedback and complaints
Authors: Tingle John
Published: June 2016

In the second of a two-part column John Tingle discusses a report from the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman on complaint handling in general practice and the wider implications for nurses
Educational campaign to increase knowledge of pressure ulcers
Authors: Feng Haixia , Li Guohong , Xu Cuirong , Ju Changping
Published: June 2016

Background:

A pressure ulcer (PU) steering group was set up in Zhongda Hospital in China to develop a campaign to increase knowledge of PUs, to improve management and reduce incidence.

Method:

Questionnaires were completed by 275 nurses to ascertain their knowledge of PUs. The initial questionnaire indicated that the nurses had insufficient knowledge of PUs. The steering group then ran a campaign focusing on standardising the management of PUs. The measurement of PU knowledge for all nurses was tested after 2 years of training.

Results:

After 2 years, the nursing staff's knowledge of PUs had improved. Usage of the Braden scale had risen from (60.0±22.9) to (88.0±9.0) and showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). Moreover, the rate for patients reported as being at high risk of developing a PU had increased from 0.98% in 2012 to 1.24% in 2013, while the occurrence rate of PUs in the hospital had decreased from 0.09% in 2012 to 0.05% in 2013.

Conclusion:

The campaign significantly enhanced the knowledge of PUs and improved the ability of nursing staff to evaluate PU risks, resulting in a decrease in the occurrence of PUs.
Wound bed preparation: a survey of general nurses' understanding
Authors: Deeth Michelle , Grothier Lorraine
Published: June 2016

This article will discuss the clinician's knowledge of wound assessment based on electronic voting responses gathered at the Journal of Wound Care conference, ‘‘Wound Expo’, held in September 2015. Data were gathered on aspects such as demographic data, experience and opinions. Each workshop lasted 45 minutes and they were designed purposely to be interactive and inclusive. The session was repeated ten times over the 2-day period. A total number of 196 delegates participated in the voting and amongst the questions posed they were asked to consider which term most suited their skill set and understanding, that of ‘debridement’ or ‘desloughing’. Of the respondents, 91% stated that they felt most confident in desloughing.
New flavonoid C–O–C dimers and other chemical constituents from Garcinia brevipedicellata stem heartwood
Authors: Abderamane Bintou , Tih Anastasie E. , Ghogomu Raphael T. , Blond Alain , Bodo Bernard
Published: June 2016

The methanol extract of the stem heartwood of Garcinia brevipedicellata has furnished three new flavonoid C–O–C dimers, brevipedicilones A (6), B (8) and C (10), along with five previously reported flavonoid dimers, viz. amentoflavone (1), 4″′-O-methylamentoflavone (2), robustaflavone (3), 4′-O-methyl robustaflavone (4) and tetrahinokiflavone (5). The new structures, which are composed of flavanone–flavanonol or flavanonol–flavanonol sub-units, were established based on spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopy, and by comparing their spectral data with those reported for related compounds.
Auslaufmodell oder Erfolgsgeschichte? Soziale Sicherung in globaler Perspektive
Authors: Grünewald Aline , Seelkopf Laura
Published: June 2016

Social policy is an important instrument states have at their disposal to offer protection against life risks. Yet nearly one century after the foundation of the International Labour Organization (ILO) the majority of the world population still lives without adequate social protection and even in the Western world many observers fear that globalization is undermining the welfare state. Based on various data sources we illustrate the development of social security around the world. We show that more and more states introduce social security programs and increase their social spending. Furthermore, new social policy programs have emerged which cover formerly marginalized groups of society.
Schlechte Chancen ab 50? Übergänge älterer Arbeitsloser in Beschäftigung im Zeitvergleich
Authors: Sieglen Georg
Published: June 2016

Throughout the last ten years the employment rate of older people has improved considerably. It can be assumed that the development was furthered by the removal of legal incentives for early retirement. This study analyses whether the probability of transiting from unemployment into employment has also changed for the elderly in Germany between 2000 and 2009. To assess this question we estimate a hazard rate model, using administrative records of individuals born between 1935 and 1974. Our results show that the employment probabilities of elderly people in particular increased between 2006 and 2009 relative to earlier years. However, we also find persistent differences in the employment probabilities across different age groups.
Role of protein S in castration-resistant prostate cancer-like cells
Authors: Ning Peng , Zhong Jia-guo , Jiang Fan , Zhang Yi , Zhao Jie , Tian Feng , Li Wei
Published: June 2016

Understanding how castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells survive the androgen-deprivation condition is crucial for treatment of this advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we reported for the first time the up-regulation of protein S (PROS), an anticoagulant plasma glycoprotein with multiple biological functions, in androgen-insensitive PCa cells and in experimentally induced castration-resistant PCa cells. Overexpression of exogenous PROS in LNCaP cells reduced androgen deprivation-induced apoptosis and enhanced anchorage-dependent clonogenic ability under androgen deprivation condition. Reciprocally,PROS1knockdown inhibited cell invasiveness and migration, caused the growth inhibition of castration-resistant tumor xenograft under androgen-depleted conditions, and potentiated Taxol (a widely prescribed anti-neoplastic agent)-mediated cell death in PC3 cells. Furthermore, PROS overexpression significantly stimulated AKT activation but failed to evoke oxidative stress in LNCaP cells under normal condition, suggesting that the malignance-promoting effects of the above-mentioned pathway may occur in the order of oxidative stress/PROS/AKT. The potential mechanism may be due to control of oxidative stress-elicited activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Taken together, our gain-of-function, loss-of-function analyses suggest that PROS may facilitate cell proliferation and promote castration resistance in human castration-resistant PCa-like cells via its apoptosis-regulating property. Future study emphasizing on delineating how PROS regulate cellular processes controlling transformation during the development of castration resistance should open new doors for the development of novel therapeutic targets for CRPC.
EDUCACIÓN EN LAS DISCIPLINAS: ACERCA DE LAS EPISTEMOLOGÍAS REGIONALES
Authors: Becerra Mayorga Witton
Published: June 2016

El problema de la ciencia hoy tiene que ver directamente con la universidad; en este contexto es necesario hacer algunos replanteamientos en aras de una mejor formación de los futuros egresados de los programas académicos, que no sólo se profesionalizan sino que adquieren para su vida un estilo propio que se lo da la disciplina en la cual se han decidido formar. El autor trata en este artículo el tema de las disciplinas desde la universidad, luego presenta el conceptode epistemologías regionales para aludir finalmente a la importancia de la terminología en la ciencia y el aporte que la epistemología puede hacer.
Multiculturalismo y nuevos movimientos sociales: una mirada desde una educación a la diversidad
Authors: Lobato Junior Antonio
Published: June 2016

Nuestros pasados de conquista, dominio y control se mantienen entre nosotros a través de señales como la educación masiva, el consumo, la intolerancia y el racismo. Los nuevos movimientos sociales, hoy concentradosfuertemente en los asuntos culturales de identidad y raza, nos ayudan a repensar una pedagogía que nos conduzca a una educación para la diversidad. El análisis de la realidad, el denuncio y la visión críticade los modelos educativos que poseemos nos pueden ayudar en estecamino, cuyas conclusiones no se alcanzan a vislumbrar en este momentode nuestra historia.
Reflexiones de una profesora de secundaria sobre la enseñanza de la filosofía
Authors: Jaramillo Gaviria Clara Inés
Published: June 2016

Este texto problematiza el tema de la enseñanza de la filosofía en Colombiaa nivel de secundaria. Critica las reflexiones que se han hechosobre la enseñanza de la filosofía por parte de la academia por partirpara su reflexión de condiciones de enseñanza idealizadas. Como aportea este tema, reseña la Ley General de Educación (Ley 115 de 1994),que no exige la enseñanza de la filosofía, y la compara con las exigenciasrelativas a esta materia contenidas en la prueba de estado ICFES.Después hace un repaso de lo que actualmente se enseña a nivel desecundaria, constatando que sobre todo se hace un breve repaso por lahistoria de la filosofía. A manera de propuesta hacia el futuro, sugiere, conEstanislao Zuleta, que la filosofía sirva para desarrollar la capacidad depensamiento crítico, autónomo y universal; y que, frente a la actual crisisde valores y carencia de sentido de la vida en la juventud, la enseñanzade la filosofía es necesaria.
Autopercepción de la imagen corporal y prácticas para corregirla, en adolescentes de una institución educativa, Lima, Perú
Authors: Enríquez Peralta Raysa Emelin , Quintana Salinas Margot Rosario
Published: June 2016

Introducción. Durante la adolescencia, etapa de cambios físicos y psíquicos, la imagen corporal se reviste de especial importancia; su insatisfacción puede contribuir a realizar prácticas inadecuadas. Objetivo. Identificar la autopercepción de imagen corporal y sus prácticas para corregirla. Diseño. Estudio mixto, cuanti-cualitativo. Lugar. Institución educativa privada, distrito Miraflores, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Adolescentes hombres y mujeres. Intervenciones. Se realizó mediciones antropométricas de peso y talla, encuesta de autopercepción de imagen corporal, y entrevistas a profundidad y grupales a 108 adolescentes hombres y mujeres para la fase cuantitativa, y 48 para la cualitativa. Principales medidas de resultados. Porcentaje de percepción equivocada de peso o talla. Percepción sobre su imagen corporal y prácticas para corregirla. Resultados. En el estudio, 36,1% tenían percepción equivocada de su peso y 50,9% de su talla. Aunque más de la mitad de los entrevistados en la fase cualitativa tenía percepción equivocada del peso, mostraron aparente conformidad con su cuerpo; los que no lo estaban, manifestaban expresiones despectivas del mismo; ellos e incluso algunos conformes (n=30) realizaban prácticas como dietas, actividad física y usaban medicamentos para bajar de peso o crecer; sus padres y amigos influían en la decisión de realizar dichas prácticas. Las participantes de once y doce años no mostraron interés en modificar su imagen corporal. Conclusiones. Casi un tercio de adolescentes tenía percepción equivocada de su peso, y la mitad de su talla. Los inconformes con su imagen corporal realizaban diferentes prácticas para corregirla.
La retroalimentación constructiva en el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas escritas e investigativas en dos generaciones de alumnos de medicina en Yucatán, México
Authors: Aguilar Vargas Esteban , Rodríguez Castellanos Adriana , Baeza Luis , Méndez Nina
Published: June 2016

Antecedentes. La generación de competencias para la investigación en medicina es fundamental para que los médicos apliquen las habilidades científicas en su quehacer diario; los programas académicos que incluyen la formación de habilidades investigativas requieren a su vez habilidades para la comunicación escrita en los alumnos. La retroalimentación constructiva es un medio comúnmente empleado en medicina, por el cual el docente acompaña al alumno, dándole a conocer sus fortalezas, debilidades y oportunidades para un mejor desempeño, mientras asegura una evaluación justa. A pesar de ello, su aplicación más difundida es en la práctica clínica y no en el aprendizaje de la redacción y comunicación científica. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la retroalimentación constructiva en el desempeño de los estudiantes en sus propuestas de protocolos clínicos y epidemiológicos considerando aspectos de redacción y metodológicos. Diseño. Estudio analítico, prospectivo. Lugar. Universidad Marista de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Participantes. Alumnos regulares que cursaron la materia Métodos Clínicos y Epidemiológicos de la carrera de Médico Cirujano durante los ciclos escolares 2014-2015 y 2015-2016. Intervención. Se evaluaron los puntajes obtenidos en el protocolo de investigación antes y después de la retroalimentación constructiva. Resultados. La media de la puntuación inicial de los protocolos fue 8,3 ± 0,8 y la media posterior a la retroalimentación constructiva fue 9,4 ± 0,9; el incremento de las puntuaciones en promedio fue de 1,1 ± 0,1 con un valor de t=7,70 p=0,000. Las habilidades para la comunicación escrita que mejoraron los alumnos fueron fundamentalmente: 1. El manejo del tema, 2. La organización del texto, 3. Empleo del lenguaje escrito, redacción, y 4. Fuentes de información; los alumnos presentan todas las ideas no propias en su escrito con las citas a la fuente de donde fueron extraídas. Conclusión. El uso de la retroalimentación constructiva mostró una mejora significativa en el puntaje obtenido por los alumnos en su protocolo de investigación.
Flúter auricular en paciente con isomerismo izquierdo y vena cava inferior izquierda interrumpida
Authors: Soto Richard , Sáenz Luis C. , García Fermín , Rodriguez Diego
Published: June 2016

Se comunica la ablación de un flúter auricular con una longitud de ciclo de 260 ms en un paciente de 28 años con isomerismo izquierdo y vena cava inferior izquierda interrumpida. Mediante encarrilamiento, demostramos la participación del istmo suprahepáticotricuspídeo en el circuito de macroreentrada. Realizamos líneas de ablación con radiofrecuencia que detuvieron la arritmia primaria y culminó en ritmo de escape nodal.
Modificaciones biofísicas durante el fenómeno el Niño y su correlación con la epidemia de encefalitis viral en Talara 1997-1998
Authors: Briceño Aliaga Mónica
Published: June 2016

El fenómeno El Niño se presenta cada 4 a 7 años; forma parte de un evento natural océano atmosférico conocido como El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO). En condiciones normales, en el lado oeste del Océano Pacifico existe una temperatura del mar de 29°C y un sistema de baja presión atmosférica en Darwin, Australia, mientras que en el lado este hay un sistema de alta presión en Papeete-Tahití, y a nivel de las costas del Perú y Ecuador la temperatura del mar es de 19 a 23°C. Las aguas frías del este del Pacifico condicionan en la atmósfera zonas de alta presión y las aguas cálidas, zonas de baja presión. La diferencia de presiones produce que los vientos alisios viajen de este a oeste, arrastrando aguas superficiales y produciendo un fenómeno de afloramiento, por el cual, las aguas más frías del fondo del mar salen a nivel superficial. Las aguas profundas son ricas en sales y micronutrientes para la formación de fitoplancton, base de la cadena alimenticia de los peces.
LA VIOLENCIA EN EL PERÚ 2015 VIOLENCE IN PERU 2015
Authors: Garmendia Lorena Fausto
Published: June 2016

Se efectúa una revisión de los tipos más frecuentes de violencia que se producen actualmente en el Perú, desde la política, autoinflingida, interpersonal dentro de la familia, producida a la mujer, infanto-juvenil y adultos mayores. Se hace una referencia histórica a la Divina Comedia de Dante Alighieri en cuanto a sus contenidos sobre la violencia y sus perspectivas hacia la actualidad. Se destacan las formas emergentes de violencia de tipo económico, delincuencial, laboral y ecológica. Se propone una nueva clasificación de la violencia tomando en cuenta las nuevas modalidades. Se discute el modelo ecológico para explicar las raíces de la violencia y finalmente se sugieren acciones y prácticas para amenguar la prevalencia de la violencia en el Perú.
Az IMEA ADR III kritikus fúziós frekvenciavizsgáló eszközzel végzett mérések reprodukálhatóságának vizsgálata
Authors: Angeli Orsolya , Veres Dániel Sándor , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Schneider Miklós
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Measurement of central critical flicker-fusion frequency is a common screening test for eye diseases and additionally it can serve as a useful diagnostic test in numerous neurological and internal diseases. The test might also be used for monitoring purposes. Aim: The aim of the authors was to evaluate a digital central critical flicker-fusion frequency measuring device (IMEA ADR III) in 30 young, healthy Hungarian subjects. Method: After a general ophthalmological screening examination, monocular central critical flicker-fusion frequency was measured with four colours. Measurements were carried out on two separate days in three sessions under standardized conditions. Intrasession, intersession and intervisit variabilities, differences in central critical flicker-fusion frequency using the four colours and the effect of certain other influencing factors were determined. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between sessions in the mean and standard deviation of the measurement sets. The central critical flicker-fusion frequency threshold for red colour was significantly lower than for other colours, and the threshold for blue colour was significantly lower than for green. There were no significant differences regarding sex, age, iris colour, and smoking indicating that these factors did not influence the central critical flicker-fusion frequency threshold in these subjects. Conclusions: Measurement results with the device are reliable and reproducible in healthy, young population in separate sessions. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(27), 1079–1086.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF A RECIPIENT WITH MASSIVE THROMBOSIS OF HEART TRANSPLANT LEFT CHAMBERS DURING EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION
Authors: Poptsov V. N. , Zakharevich V. M. , Spirina E. A. , Golts A. M. , Ukhrenkov S. G. , Khalilulin T. A. , Aliev E. Z.
Published: June 2016

We present a case report of a 16-year-old man with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for primary graft failure after orthotopic heart transplantation who developed left atrium and left ventricular thrombosis despite systemic anticoagulation. The surgical thrombectomy was performed and the patient was successfully weaned off the extracorporeal support on the first day thereafter.
THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF LIVING LIVER FRAGMENT DONORS
Authors: Konstantinov V. K. , Gautier S. V.
Published: June 2016

Quality of Life is a new promising area of clinical medicine that provides the opportunity to assess the state of health of the patient using the data stored across a joint professional approach of physicians and subjective point of view of patients. Review of the data of foreign and domestic literature on quality of life of living donor liver transplantation is done. A method for evaluating quality of life of the most commonly used questionnaires in the study of quality of life is described. The article deals with the history of the study of the quality of life in medical practice. Research results into the quality of life of living donor liver transplantation conducted in different countries are presented. Factors affecting the change in the quality of life of living donor liver transplantation are shown.
PHARMACOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF USING INTERFERON-FREE REGIMENS FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Sukhoruk A. A. , Esaulenko E. V.
Published: June 2016

This article contains analysis of current combination treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Antiviral therapy with long-acting interferons and ribavirin is of low efficiency and high costs. The clinical and economic benefits of interferon-free treatment regimen for patients infected with genotype 1 HCV using dasabuvir, paritaprevir boosted with ritonavir, ombitasvir (Viekira Pak) and ribavirin have been shown. Registration and introduction into clinical practice of new direct-acting antiviral drugs will significantly expand the arsenal of tools for the treatment of recurrent HCV infections, in particular in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotypes 2 and 3.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION: STATINS
Authors: Shevchenko A. О.
Published: June 2016

Statins should be used as a part of standard therapy in patients after heart transplantation. The effectiveness of statins is associated not only with their hypolipidemic action, but also with their immunomodulatory and antineoplastic properties. Statin therapy initiated early after heart transplantation improves the shortand long-term prognosis and outcomes, leading to a reduction in the incidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, acute rejection, and cancer.
ORGAN DONATION AND TRANSPLANTATION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2015. 8th report of National Register
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Khomyakov S. M.
Published: June 2016

Aim. To carry out monitoring of the organization and development of the organ donation and transplantation in theRussian Federationaccording to 2015.

Materials and methods. Questioning of heads of all the centers of transplantation is carried out. The comparative analysis of the obtained data in dynamics by years, between certain regions of theRussian Federation, the transplantation centers is done.

Results. According to the register in2015 inthe Russian Federation 36 centers of renal transplantation, 17 centers of liver transplantation and 10 centers of heart transplantation were functioning. The waiting list of kidney transplantation in 2015 included 4167 potential recipients that make 13% of the total number of the patients (31 500) receiving a dialysis. The rate of donor activity in 2015 made 3.0 pmp. Efficiency of donor programs in 2015 continues to increase: the share of multiorgan retrievals made 57.8%, average number of organs, received from one effective donor, made 2.7. In 2015 the rate of kidney transplantation made 6.5 pmp; the rate of liver transplantation made 2.2 pmp; the rate of heart transplantation made 1.2 pmp. The number of transplantations of liver and heart in theRussian Federationcontinues to increase. The number of transplantations of kidney remains approximately at one level in the range of 950–1050.Moscowcapital region continues to be the center of stability and development of the organ donation and transplantation in the country, in which 10 centers of transplantation are functioning and nearly a half from all kidney transplantations and more than 65% of all liver and heart transplantations are carried out.

Conclusion. The potential for further development of the transplantation care in theRussian Federationcontinues to persist. In particular, at the expense of increasing efficiency of regional donation programs, expanding practices of multiorgan recuperation and transplantations of extrarenal organs, through interregional transplant coordination. It is critical to keep the volumes of the state order to deliver transplantological medical care to the population and to implement federal funding to conduct donation programs.
IMMUNE AND METABOLIC DISTURBANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE TOXIC HEPATITIS: CORRECTION BY XENOGENIC AND ALLOGENIC HEPATOCYTES
Authors: Konoplya A. I. , Litvinova E. S. , Bystrova N. A. , Razumova M. S. , Chuyeva T. V.
Published: June 2016

For correspondence: Konoplya Alexander Ivanovich. Address: 3,K. Marx St.,Kursk, 305041,Russian Federation. Tel.: job. (4712) 58-81-76; mob. (910) 317-87-88. E-mail: konoplya51@mail.ru.

Aim. To study the corrective effects of allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocytes on metabolic disturbances in acute liver toxicity.

Material and methods. Investigations were carried out on 75 adult male Wistar rats weighing 120–160 g, 15 rats and 25 mice on the 5–6th days after birth. Acute toxic hepatitis (ATH) was modeled by intramuscular injection of carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 3 ml / kg as a 50% solution in olive oil, five times at 24-hour intervals. Isolating xenogeneic (mouse) and allogeneic hepatocytes was performed by method of Berry M.N., Friend D.S. The cell suspension was prepared daily and administered at a concentration of 2 × 106 /kg in recipients with ATH intraperitoneally, five times at 24-hour intervals, simultaneously with the first injection of hepatotropic poison.

Results. Intoxication by carbon tetrachloride causes development of the biochemical syndromes of liver damage, activation of the functional metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and free-radical oxidation, breaks intraerythrocytic metabolism. The introduction of allogeneic hepatocytes in recipients with toxic hepatopathy is more efficiently compared with xenogeneic hepatocytes, it corrects local and systemic metabolic disturbances arising due to the impact of hepatotropic poison. Conclusion. Transplantation of xenogenic hepatocytes, and, to a greater extent, of allogenic hepatocytes in ATH conditions is an effective means to restore the functional metabolic activity of hepatocytes, neutrophils and erythrocytes.