bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Intestinal Protein Fermentation Correlates With Severe Psychiatric Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Authors: Kang Yu , Liang Ying , Shi Xing , Shen Yang , Huang Zhuran , Wang Jian , Shao Changjun , Chu Yanan , Chen Jing , Yu Jun
Published: February 2021

Emerging findings highlighted the associations of mental illness to nutrition and dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota, but the underlying mechanisms, especially in schizophrenia (SZ), remain unclarified. Here we conducted a case-control study of SZ by performing gut metagenome, fecal and plasma non-targeted metabolome, short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids, and targeted metabolite analysis. The results uncovered an apparent contradiction in SZ patients between inadequate protein intake and protein-fermentation-dominated intestinal microbial metabolism, which shifted from carbohydrate fermentation and protein synthesis in healthy conditions. Moreover, the extent of protein fermentation represented as the abundance of related enzymes and fecal levels of related products, usually nitrogenous and neurologically active, correlated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. These findings provide a previously uncharacterized pathophysiological process in SZ related to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and dysregulation in macronutrient metabolism, highlighting the importance of nutrition care and the potentials for developing microbiota-targeted therapeutics in SZ.
Adaptation and validation of the Chinese Version of the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool for Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients Receiving Home-Based Hospice Care
Authors: Zhou Sijia , Zhao Qianqian , Weng Huimin , Wang Ning , Wu Xia , Li Xinxin , Zhang Lili
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The study objectives were to adapt and validate the Chinese version of the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT).Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of the original CSNAT for a Chinese setting was performed according to Brislin’s translation guidelines. A pilot study was conducted with 15 Chinese family caregivers of cancer patients receiving hospice home care. A cross-sectional survey of 205 family caregivers was conducted from December 2018 to May 2019 at a home-based hospice care institute in Shenzhen, China. The validation procedure comprised the establishment of (1) content validity by a group of six experts; (2) face validity by 15 family caregivers; (3) criterion validity by calculating Spearman’s correlations between the CSNAT and caregiving burden, caregiving preparedness and quality of life scales; (4) internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha.Results: The CSNAT demonstrated good face validity and good content validity (index = 0.98). CSNAT scores showed clear positive correlations with caregiving burden and negative correlations with preparedness for caregiving and quality of life. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.899).Conclusions: The Chinese version of the CSNAT is a valid instrument that is appropriate for identifying needs of family caregivers of cancer patients in home-based hospice care.
Meflin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance tumour response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy
Authors: Miyai Yuki , Sugiyama Daisuke , Hase Tetsunari , Asai Naoya , Taki Tetsuro , Nishida Kazuki , Fukui Takayuki , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi , Kobayashi Hiroki , Mii Shinji , Shiraki Yukihiro , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Ando Yuichi , Takahashi Masahide , Enomoto Atsushi
Published: February 2021

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an integral component of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Most CAFs shape the TME toward an immunosuppressive milieu and attenuate the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, the detailed mechanism of how heterogeneous CAFs regulate tumour response to ICB therapy has not been defined. Here, we show that a novel CAF subset defined by Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein marker of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, is associated with survival and favourable therapeutic response to ICB monotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prevalence of Meflin-positive CAFs positively correlated with CD4-positive T cell infiltration and vascularization within NSCLC tumours. Meflin deficiency and CAF-specific Meflin overexpression resulted in defective and enhanced ICB therapy responses in xenograft tumours in mice, respectively. These findings suggest the presence of a previously unknown CAF subset that promotes ICB therapy efficacy, which adds to our understanding of CAF functions and heterogeneity.
Clinical Outcomes and Safety of Passive Leg Raising in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors: Azeli Youcef , Bardají Alfredo , Barbería Eneko , Lopez-Madrid Vanesa , Bladé-Creixenti Jordi , Fernández-Sender Laura , Bonet Gil , Rica Elena , Álvarez Susana , Fernández Alberto , Axelsson Christer , Jiménez-Herrera María
Published: February 2021

Background: There are data suggesting that passive leg raising (PLR) improves hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This trial aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of PLR during CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial with blinded assessment of the outcomes that assigned adults OHCA to be treated with PLR or in the flat position. The trial was conducted in the Camp de Tarragona region. The main end point was survival to hospital discharge with good neurological outcome defined as Cerebral Performance Category (CPC 1-2). To study possible adverse effects, we assessed the presence of pulmonary complications on the first chest X-rays in survivors and lungs weight from autopsies in non-survivors. Results: In total, 445 randomized CPR attempts were included, 234 were treated with PLR and 211 were controls. Overall, 71.5% were men and the median age was 69 IQR (58-78) years old. At hospital discharge, 4.3% in the PLR group and 4.7% in the control group were alive with CPC 1-2 (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.4-2.2, p=0.81). A higher survival at hospital admission was found among patients with a shockable rhythm, but there were no significant differences (OR 1.6; 95% CI 0.8-3.4, p=0.18). There were no differences in pulmonary complication rates in chest X-rays (25.9% vs 17.9%, p=0.47) or lung weight 1223 IQR (909.5-1500) mg vs. 1239 IQR (900-1507) mg. Conclusion: In this trial, PLR during CPR did not improve survival to hospital discharge with CPC 1-2. No evidence of adverse effects has been found.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01952197, registration date: Sept 27, 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01952197.
A mathematical model using routine serum biomarkers for predicting of pulmonary hypertension in patients with left heart disease
Authors: Tan Lanlan , Jin Peng , Zhou Qi , Wu Xiaojing
Published: February 2021

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) insidiously occurs in patients with left heart disease (LHD), but its diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of specific symptoms. This observational study aimed to identify a biomarker panel for the noninvasive detection of PH in LHD patients. Methods: Patients with LHD were consecutively recruited and analyzed for correlations between the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and levels of routine serum biomarkers, and 100 age-matched subjects served as healthy controls. The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Forward stepwise binary logistic regression was performed to determine the optimal combination of biomarkers for predicting PH.Results: A total of 426 LHD patients were divided into the LHD group (n=216, PASP <35 mmHg) and PH-LHD group (n=210, PASP ≥35 mmHg). The ranges of routinely examined biomarkers were significantly different between the two groups. The levels of biomarkers, including brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), indirect bilirubin (IB), red cell distribution width (RDW), uric acid (UA), and cystatin c (Cys-C), were higher, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower in the PH-LHD group than in the LHD and healthy control groups. Positive correlations were found between the PASP and levels of BNP, Cys-C, UA, bilirubin, and RDW, while a negative correlation was found between the PASP and HDL level. A mini program based on the formula “P=1/(1+exp(6,314-0.898×[BNP]/1000-0.146×[DB]-0.318×[RDW]))” was developed using forward stepwise binary regression for calculating the probability of PH. The combination of BNP, DB, and RDW (cutoff, 0.256) demonstrated a better predictive value than did individual biomarkers, with a sensitivity of 0.822 and specificity of 0.783 in the prediction of PH in LHD patients. Conclusion: The combination of BNP, bilirubin, and RDW shows promise as a simple method for screening LHD patients for PH.
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Inflammatory Cytokines with the Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer in Female Saudi Patients
Authors: Gharib Amal F. , Askary Ahmad El , Almehmadi Mazen , Elsawy Wael H. , Allam Hatem H. , Elsayyad Lamiaa K. , Ayoub Manal Ali , Shafie Alaa
Published: February 2021

Background: Breast cancer is considered to be the most common leading cause of cancer related death among women in Saudi Arabia. Many researches supposed a strong correlation between vitamin D and different types of cancer. Patients and methods: We aimed to study the implication of serum vitamin D, calcium, interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and chemerin on progression of breast cancer. One hundred female Saudi patients were included in the current research and we assessed their serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, IL-6, TNF-α and chemerin. Results: vitamin D was significantly decreased in tumors with high grade (P < 0.0001), patients with obesity (P = 0.013), negative estrogen receptors (ER) (P < 0.0001), negative progesterone receptors (PR) (P < 0.0001) and positive HER2 receptors (P < 0.0001). It was also decreased in large tumors (P < 0.0001), patients with axillary lymph node involvement (P < 0.0001) and in the patients with advanced clinical stage (P < 0.0001). Moreover, higher levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, chemerin were significantly related to breast cancer and its advanced stages. Conclusion: vitamin D deficiency and elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL6, TNF-α and chemerin) are associated with breast cancer progression in female Saudi patients.
The mirror mechanism in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Amlashi Nazanin Hedayati , Rasooli Anita , Mbwogge Mathew , Haadi Ainaaz
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Mirror neurons are visuomotor neurons that perform mirror mechanisms, meaning each time an individual observes another individual performing an action, these neurons which encode that action, are activated in the observer’s cortical motor system. One of the cognitive domains of controversy in schizophrenia is Motor Resonance, also known as the Mirror Neuron System (MNS). In the current paper, we aim to review all the available literature regarding mirror mechanism examination in patients with schizophrenia and present an explicit summary of the available findings up to this date.Methods: We will search MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science for papers which evaluated the functional integrity of MNS, using Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), Eye-tracking, and muscle activation (EMG) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We will perform a meta-synthesis based on vote counting methods on the data. We will also evaluate the publication bias using Funnel plots and assess the confidence in cumulative evidence using CERQual.
Application of Marginal Models to Identify Risk Factors of Childhood Stunting in Ethiopia
Authors: Gobena Woldemariam Erkalo
Published: February 2021

Background: Child malnutrition is an underlying cause of almost half (45%) of child deaths, particularly in low socioeconomic communities of developing countries. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of stunting decreased from 47% in 2005 to 39% in 2016. Objective: The main objective of the study was identifying risk factors of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia using marginal models.Methods: Data was taken from the EDHS 2016, which is a nationally representative survey of children in the 0-59 month age groups. Generalized estimating equation and alternating logistic regression models from marginal models family were used for the analysis. Results: The result of the analysis revealed that the variables child’s age, mother’s education level, mother’s body mass index, place of residence, wealth index and previous birth interval were found to be significant determinants of childhood stunting in Ethiopia and from the result it is revealed that children born with lower previous birth interval (less than 24 months) were more likely to be stunted than those born within higher birth interval. Children of rural Ethiopia were more likely to be stunted than children of urban Ethiopia. Conclusion: It is suggested that for reducing childhood malnutrition, due emphasis should be given in improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate young child feeding practice and frequent growth monitoring together with appropriate and timely interventions.
Causal effect of Insulin Resistance on Small Vessel Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong
Published: February 2021

Background
The causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and Alzheimer Disease was controversial in previous studies.
Methods
We selected 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with body mass index (BMI)-adjusted fasting insulin levels and 5 SNPs associated with gold standard measures of insulin resistance as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Summary statistical data of SNP-small vessel stroke and of SNP-AD associations were derived from the Multi-ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Stroke Consortium and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Alzheimer’s Disease Workgroup data of individuals of European ancestry. Two-sample MR estimates were conducted with inverse-variance-weighted, robust inverse-variance-weighted, simple median, weighted median, weighted mode-based estimator, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods.
Results
Genetically predicted higher insulin resistance had a higher odds ratio (OR) of small vessel stroke (OR 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.44; P = 0.01 using BMI-adjusted fasting insulin; OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07–1.46; P = 0.006 using gold standard measure of insulin resistance) and AD (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04–1.23; P = 0.004 using BMI-adjusted fasting insulin; OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.03; P = 0.03 using gold standard measures of insulin resistance) using the inverse-variance-weighted method. No evidence of pleiotropy was found using MR-Egger regression.
Conclusion
Our findings provide genetic support for a causal effect of insulin resistance on small vessel stroke and AD. Further investigation on the involved mechanisms is needed.
The Determinants of Entrepreneurial Cognitions: Start-Up Intentions of Business Students in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Bui Nhat
Published: February 2021

There have been thousands of literature reviews and research papers all over the world employing entrepreneurial intention as their powerful theoretical framework. Nevertheless, they mostly focused on personal traits and characteristics and ignored entrepreneurial education, especially in the Vietnam context. To fulfill this gap, this study was conducted with the ultimate aim is to detect and evaluate the impact of perceived education support undergraduates received in universities, self-efficacy, and the Theory of Planned Model on entrepreneurial intention among business students. In the study, a conceptual model was proposed and tested on a sample of 312 undergraduates in some universities in Vietnam. The SmartPLS version 3.0 was employed to analyze the statistical data collected in electronic and paper forms. The statistical data was used to assess the measurement model and the structural model. The finding indicated that perceived education support and two elements of theory planned behavior, specifically, attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control positively and significantly affect entrepreneurial intention. Besides, self-efficacy strengthens the positive relationship between attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Based on the findings, the paper suggests practical implications in terms of increasing the intention of entrepreneurship among undergraduates.
A Proposed Fetal Risk Scoring System for Gestational Diabetes to assist in optimizing Timing of Delivery
Authors: Bhorat Ismail , REDDY Tarylee
Published: February 2021

Background: Gestational diabetes is characterized by three main factors: macrosomia, increased metabolic rate and large vascular cross sections. A critical and crucial finding in diabetic pregnancies is that significant acidaemia and hyperlacticemia can occur in fetuses in the absence of hypoxaemia. The increased metabolic rate results in significant increases in oxidative metabolism but this capacity is reduced in fetuses due to low pyruvate dehydrogenase activity increasing the risk for acidosis. This pathophysiology is not recognized by standard monitoring models which revolves around placental insufficiency which is in fact not the problem in a gestational diabetic pregnancy. A proposed risk scoring system has been developed based on our previous studies to risk categorise gestational diabetics in terms of fetal outcome.Methods: The diabetic cases from four case-control studies were combined to form a total sample of 159 cases for validation of the risk scoring system. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of individual risk factors with proposed cutoffs on adverse pregnancy outcome. The diagnostic accuracy of the total summative score, was assessed by computing the area under the ROC curve.Results: Four potential parameters were identified to risk- categorise fetuses in a gestational diabetic pregnancy ie the myocardial performance index (MPI), E/A ratio (marker of diastolic dysfunction), increasing fetal weight (macrosomia) and increased amniotic fluid index (AFI). The total score, obtained by summation of the composite scores for parameters ranged from 0 to 11. The total score performed as an excellent predictor of adverse outcome, evidenced by the ROC area under the curve of 0.94. A cutpoint of 6 on the score confers a sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 90.2% for detection of adverse outcome. Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first Gestational Diabetic Scoring system proposed to predict an adverse outcome.
Urine Routine Test has Potential Predictive Value in Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Authors: Deng Zhuo , Lu Dan , Wang Xuanqi , Wang Jingyi
Published: February 2021

Background: This study was conducted to discuss predictive value of a routine urine test for premature rupture of the membranes(PROM).Methods: We carried out the retrospective research after collecting routine urine test data from 45 cases of full preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and 45 cases of full-term preterm premature rupture of membranes (fPROM). In addition 70 healthy pregnant women (Normal) and 70 non-pregnant adult healthy women were enrolled. Parametric and Non-parametric tests was performed respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was established and we further calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC). In this study multiple cutoffs were selected, afterwords the positive predictive value (PPV), the negative predictive value (NPV), the positive likelihood ratio (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) were further calculated by sensitivity and specificity with the aim of finding the best cutoff point.Results: The results indicated that S/G and COND were significantly different between PROM and Non-pregnant and Normal groups. Significant differences in pH, WBCs, RBCs, BAC and EC between the PPROM and Normal groups were observed. When the cutoff for bacteria was 89.15, it had the largest AUC of 0.744. We found that its PPV 70.6%, NPV was 74.1%, +LR was 3.79, and –LR was 0.55.Conclusion: A routine urine test especially for bacterial counts can be used to predict the risk of PROM, which is expected to provide considerable predictive value for PROM.
Assessment of Gentamicin and Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage Mediated via Necrotic and Apoptosis Genes in Albino Rats
Authors: Barakat Mohamed El_Sayed , Abouzed Tarek Kamal , Sherif Eman Abd Elrahman , Sadek Kadry Mohamed , Aldhahrani Adil , Nasr Nasr Elsayed , Khailo Khaled , Dorghamm Doaa Abdallha
Published: February 2021

Background: Gentamycin (GM) is a low-cost, low-resistance antibiotic commonly used to treat gram-negative bacterial diseases. Cisplatin (Csp) is a platinum-derived anti-neoplastic agent. This experiment aimed to identify the early signs of gentamicin and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 10: a control group, which received no treatment; a gentamicin group administered by a dose of (100 mg/kg, IP) for 7 consecutive days, and a cisplatin group was administered intraperitoneal in a dose of (1.5mg/kg body weight) repeated twice a week for 3weeks. Results: Both experimental groups exhibited increased levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, with the cisplatin-treated group showing higher levels than the gentamicin group. Experimental groups also exhibited significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) with more pronounced effects in the cisplatin-treated group. Further, both experimental groups exhibited significant up-regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), caspase-3, and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. Conclusion: These findings confirm the use of necrotic, apoptotic genes as early biomarkers in the detection of tubular kidney damage. Further, cisplatin was shown to have a greater nephrotoxic effect than gentamicin; therefore, its use should be constrained accordingly when co-administered with gentamicin.
Detecting objects behind scattering media using vortex beams and deep learning
Authors: Balasubramaniam Ganesh M. , Biton Netanel , Arnon Shlomi
Published: February 2021

Reconstructing objects behind scattering media is a challenging issue with applications in biomedical imaging, non-distractive testing, computer-assisted surgery, and autonomous vehicular systems. Such systems’ main challenge is the multiple scattering of the photons in the angular and spatial domain, which results in a blurred image. Previous works try to improve the reconstructing ability using deep learning algorithms, with some success. We enhance these methods by illuminating the set-up using several modes of vortex beams obtaining a series of time-gated images corresponding to each mode. The images are accurately reconstructed using a deep learning algorithm by analyzing the pattern captured in the camera. This study shows that using vortex beams instead of Gaussian beams enhances the deep learning algorithm’s image reconstruction ability in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by ~ 2.5 dB and ~1 dB when low and high scattering scatterers are used respectively.
Peralkalinity in peraluminous granitic pegmatites. I. Evidence from whewellite and hydrogen carbonate in fluid inclusions
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Schmidt Christian , Li Jiankang
Published: February 2021

Fluid inclusions in pegmatite minerals were studied using Raman spectroscopy to determine the carbon species. Carbon dioxide is very abundant in the aqueous liquid and vapor phases. Occasionally, CH4 was found in the vapor. In the aqueous liquid, HCO3− was detected in fluid inclusions in tantalite-(Mn) from the Morrua Mine and in late-stage quartz from the Muiâne pegmatite and the Naipa Mine, all in the Alto Ligonha District, Mozambique. Moreover, we observed a carbonate (calcite group) in fluid inclusions in garnet from the Naipa Mine and in beryl from the Morrua Mine, both in the Alto Ligonha District, Mozambique, and a calcite-group carbonate and whewellite [CaC2O4∙H2O] in fluid inclusions in topaz from Khoroshiv, Ukraine. The occurrence of oxalate is interpreted to be due to a reaction of some form of carbon (possibly CO or bitumen) with a peralkaline fluid. Our results support the hypothesis that, although counterintuitive, hydrogen carbonate-rich peralkaline fluids may locally be involved in the evolution of peraluminous granitic pegmatites, in which peralkaline minerals are normally absent or very rare.
Ferro-papikeite, ideally NaFe22+(Fe32+Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, a new orthorhombic amphibole from Nordmark (Western Bergslagen), Sweden: Description and crystal structure
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. , Day Maxwell C. , Fayek Mostafa , Linthout Kees , Lustenhouwer Wim. J. , Oberti Roberta
Published: February 2021

Ferro-papikeite, ideally NaFe22+(Fe32+Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, is a new mineral of the amphibole supergroup from the Filipstad Municipality, Värmland County, Central Sweden, where it occurs in a medium-grade felsic metavolcanic rock. Ferro-papikeite is pale brown with a translucent luster, has a colorless to very pale-brown streak, and shows no fluorescence under long-wave or short-wave ultraviolet light. Grains are subhedral, 0.4–3.0 mm in size, and show well-developed {210} cleavage. It has a Mohs hardness of ~6 and is brittle with a splintery fracture, has the characteristic perfect {210} cleavage of orthorhombic amphiboles, intersecting at ~56°, and the calculated density is 3.488 g/cm3. In transmitted plane-polarized light, ferro-papikeite is moderately pleochroic X = very pale brown, Y = Z = honey brown; X < Y = Z. Ferro-papikeite is biaxial (+), α = 1.674(2), β = 1.692(2), γ = 1.716(2), 2Vmeas = 86.2(9) and 2Vcalc = 88.3°, dispersion is r < v, weak. The orientation is: X || a, Y || b, Z || c.

Ferro-papikeite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, a = 18.628(4), b = 17.888(4), c = 5.3035(11) Å, V = 1767.2(6) Å3, Z = 4. The strongest ten X-ray diffraction lines in the powder pattern are [d in Å(I) (hkl)]: 8.255(100)(210), 3.223(39)(440), 3.057(68)(610), 2.824(28)(251), 2.674(41)(351), 2.572(56) (161,621), 2.549(38)(202), 2.501(50)(261,451), 2.158(25)(502), and 1.991(31)(661). Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave SiO2 36.50, Al2O3 22.24, TiO2 0.09, FeO 31.54, MnO 0.65, MgO 5.48, CaO 0.08, Na2O 2.35, F 0.22, H2Ocalc 1.85, O=F –0.09, sum 100.91 wt%. The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O+OH+F) with (OH) = 2 apfu and Fe3+ = 0.13 apfu (determined from the  distance) is A(Na0.70Ca0.01)B+C(Mg1.25Fe3.902+Mn0.082+Al1.62Fe0.132+Ti0.014+)Σ6.99T(Si5.60Al2.40)Σ8O22(OH1.89F0.11)2. The crystal structure of ferro-papikeite was refined to an R-index of 3.60% using 2335 unique observed reflections collected with MoKa X-radiation. [4]Al3+ is ordered over the four T sites as follows: T1B > T1A > T2B >> T2a, [6]Al3+ is completely ordered at M2, and Fe2+ is strongly ordered at M4. The A site is split with Na+ strongly ordered at A1. End-member ferro-papikeite is related to end-member gedrite, ☐Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2, by the substitutions Na+ → ☐, Fe2+ → Mg, and Al3+ → Si4+. The description of ferro-papikeite as a new species further emphasizes the compositional similarities between the monoclinic calcium amphiboles and the orthorhombic magnesium-iron-manganese amphiboles.
Assessment of groundwater potential zone using GIS-based multi-inﬂuencing factor (MIF), multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and electrical resistivity survey techniques in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Jhariya D. C. , Khan Rubia , Mondal K. C. , Kumar Tarun , K. Indhulekha , Singh Vikal K.
Published: February 2021

The present study involved the combined applications of advanced techniques and tools like remote sensing, geographic informatic system (GIS), electrical resistivity, MCDA, to assess the potential zones of groundwater occurrence. Several prepared thematic layers, including geology, geomorphology, rainfall, lineament, land use land cover (LULC), drainage density, soil type, slope, and soil texture, were assigned with a weight, depending on their influence on groundwater potential. Normalization concerned with relative contribution is applied in this study using the AHP method. Vertical electrical sounding has been conducted on different points to locate water-bearing formations/fracture zones. The resulting groundwater potential areas that are delineated applying these methods have been categorized into five zones, low, medium, medium-high, high, and very high potential. The groundwater potential zones demarcated show that high potential zones are present in the west and north-eastern portion, while low to medium groundwater potential is located in the central and eastern portion. The obtained result was validated using well yield data, and ROC method from which result accuracy obtained is 80% and the area under the ROC curve is found to be 0.857 at a significance value of less than 0.001, which justifies the efficacy of the proposed approach in the demarcation of groundwater potential zone.
Anaerobically fermented spent mushroom substrates improve nitrogen removal and lead (II) adsorption
Authors: Yang Yunlong , Li Ling , Sun Shuqian , Lin Ershu , Xiao Jibo
Published: February 2021

In this study, spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) were fermented anaerobically at room temperature to gain liquid SMSs (LSMSs) that were used to remove nitrogen from the piggery wastewater with a low C/N ratio in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and solid SMSs (SSMSs) that were utilized to adsorb Pb2+ from Pb2+-containing wastewater in a fixed-bed reactor (FBR). After LSMSs supplement, the removal efficiency of both total nitrogen (TN) and NH+4-N increased from around 50% to 60–80%. High-throughput sequencing results presented an obvious change in microbial diversity, and some functional microorganisms like Zoogloea and Hydrogenophaga predominated to promote nitrogen removal. Pb2+ did not emerge from the effluent until 240 min with the corresponding concentration being less than 3 mg/L when using 30-day SSMSs as adsorbents, and it was demonstrated to be appropriate to use the Thomas model to predict Pb2+ sorption on SSMSs. Although various functional groups played a role in binding ions, the carboxyl group was proved to contribute most to Pb2+ adsorption. These results certified that the anaerobically fermented SMSs are decidedly suitable for wastewater treatment.
Effect of pH on the performance of an acidic biotrickling filter for simultaneous removal of H2S and siloxane from biogas
Authors: Zhang Yuyao , Oshita Kazuyuki , Takaoka Masaki , Kawasaki Yu , Minami Daisuke , Inoue Go , Tanaka Toshihiro
Published: February 2021

Acidic biotrickling filters (BTF) can be used for simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and siloxane from biogas. In this study, the performance of a BTF under different acidic pH conditions was investigated. The removal profile of H2S showed that 90% of H2S removal was achieved during the first 0.4 m of BTF height with down-flow biogas. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) removal decreased from 34.5% to 15.6% when the pH increased from 0.88 to 3.98. Furthermore, the high partition coefficient of D5 obtained in under higher pH condition was attributed to the higher total ionic strength resulting from the addition of sodium hydroxide solution and mineral medium. The linear increase in D5 removal with the mass transfer coefficient (kL) indicated that the acidic recycling liquid accelerated the mass transfer of D5 in the BTF. Therefore, the lower partition coefficient and higher kL under acidic pH conditions lead to the efficient removal of D5. However, the highly acidic pH 0.9 blocked mass transfer of H2S and O2 gases to the recycling liquid. Low sulfur oxidation activity and low Acidithiobacillus sp. content also deteriorated the biodegradation of H2S. Operating the BTF at pH 1.2 was optimal for simultaneously removing H2S and siloxane.
Decolorization of azo dyes in a heterogeneous persulfate system using FeS as the activator
Authors: Li Haijun , Tang Chong , Wang Min , Mei Changgen , Liu Na
Published: February 2021

Textile effluents containing synthetic refractory azo dyes are one of the most important sources of water pollution. However, these kinds of refractory organic pollutants did not resist a persulfate (PS) oxidation process which was correctly activated. In this study, PS was activated by ferrous sulfide (FeS) in a heterogeneous system to break down azo dyes wastewater. The results showed that all five selected azo dyes were efficiently broken down using the PS/FeS system, except for DY 12, and more than 95% of azo dyes were decolored within 60 minutes. The decolorization efficiency of DR 81 in the PS/FeS system was comparable to PS activated with heat (60 °C) or Fe2+, and was slightly superior to Fe0 powders under the same conditions. Quenching studies indicated that both SO4−• and •OH were formed in the FeS surface and diffused into the solution to facilitate the successive transformation of DR 81, the •OH reaction with DR 81 might the crucial reaction. The coexisting chelating agents in real azo dye effluents at high concentrations had a negative influence on azo dye decolorization by PS/FeS. However, the superior factor of the PS/FeS system was the regenerability and reusability of the heterogeneous catalyst.
Editorial
Authors: De Araújo Marta Maria
Published: February 2021

Editorial
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM COMUNIDADES SUSTENTÁVEIS
Authors: Viebrantz Braga Adriana , De Ávila Chiarelli Lígia Maria
Published: February 2021

Comunidades Sustentáveis ou Ecovilas, como são conhecidas no Brasil, são excelentes soluções de moradia. Elas possuem um baixo custo de manutenção e garantem um estilo de vida de baixo impacto ecológico. São locais agradáveis, com características paisagísticas únicas, o que acrescenta grande qualidade ambiental aos espaços de convivência. Porém, esses espaços externos criados pelos moradores, muitas vezes não aproveitam todo potencial que o espaço oferece, perdendo-se a oportunidade de ter um espaço mais agradável, acolhedor e compatível com a sua finalidade. O objetivo da investigação é propor sugestões para o planejamento, organização dos espaços externos e disposição das construções, sob a ótica da Psicologia Ambiental, contribuindo para o melhoramento dos espaços abertos das Ecovilas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Os procedimentos metodológicos iniciais foram as pesquisas documental e bibliográfica, conduzida por Estudo de Caso envolvendo 3 Ecovilas, escolhidas entre 15 identificadas no Estado. Foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, elaborada a partir de dados e resultados das visitas exploratórias e referencial teórico, envolvendo quatro categorias da Psicologia Ambiental: Ambientes Restauradores; Apego ao Lugar; Arranjo Espacial e Comportamento Sócio Espacial. Os dados foram interpretados sob o ponto de vista qualitativo, fazendo uso da Nuvem de palavras e da Tabela Síntese Geral, resultando na Tabela de Recomendações. A investigação produziu 38 recomendações direcionadas a projetos de Ecovilas no Rio Grande do Sul, contemplando seus ambientes externos e possibilitando uma gama de alternativas para a criação de ambientes externos mais dinâmicos, agradáveis e diferenciados.
ANÁLISE DAS DIMENSÕES DOS ESPAÇOS DE UM CONJUNTO HABITACIONAL PARA IDOSOS
Authors: KUNST Marina Holanda , Brandão José (Zeca) , PAIVA Marie Monique Bruére , Villarouco Vilma
Published: February 2021

O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil vem aumentando o grau de urbanização da população de idosos, onde três quartos da população brasileira vive em áreas urbanas, acarretando problemas sociais graves. Neste contexto e visando prover moradia adequada para a população idosa, foi desenvolvido o Programa Habitacional Cidade Madura no estado da Paraíba, permitindo a vivência próxima a equipamentos urbanos necessários à vida cotidiana. Atenta à questão da adequação dos ambientes residenciais para esta população que envelhece, a pesquisa apresentada neste artigo tem como objetivo avaliar e discutir aspectos dimensionais das habitações e unidade de saúde de um dos conjuntos habitacionais do programa, pondo o foco nas necessidades mais específicas do sujeito alvo do empreendimento. O trabalho apresenta preocupações com a satisfação do idoso residente, adotando uma metodologia que compreendeu a aplicação de questionários aos ocupantes, associada à análise dos espaços segundo as normas municipais e de acessibilidade vigentes, bem como a avaliação dimensional baseada em critérios antropométricos. Dentre os principais resultados encontrados estão inadequações de arranjo do mobiliário, as reduzidas dimensões de alguns ambientes e problemas de acessibilidade.
METAL X CONCRETO ARMADO
Authors: Rocha Germana , Ferreira Marinho Érika
Published: February 2021

A vertente experimentalista da produção arquitetônica brasileira nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 é caracterizada por uma inventividade fundada na experimentação das qualidades plástico-expressivas dos materiais e técnicas construtivas articuladas às novas estruturas formais arquitetônicas, o que pode ser entendido como um experimentalismo tectônico, e tem, como um de seus expoentes, o arquiteto Sérgio Bernardes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, sob a ótica da tectônica, uma das obras desse arquiteto carioca  - o Espaço Cultural José Lins do Rego (1980-1982) - que expressa essa essencialidade moderna de geração do novo, de acordo com o espírito da época, revelando a persistência do caráter inventivo do moderno brasileiro fundado na lógica construtiva. A pesquisa, utilizando as estratégias do estudo de caso, fundamenta-se no conceito de tectônica na teoria contemporânea da arquitetura e utiliza os parâmetros analíticos dele decorrentes. A análise permite identificar na arquitetura do Espaço Cultural uma relação dual entre a expressividade do metal (alumínio e aço) e do concreto aparente estabelecida a partir de sistemas estruturais e construtivos diferentes, de acordo com a intenção plástica dada aos diversos volumes correspondentes às diferentes funções requeridas pelo programa. Buscando ainda uma estética moderna que nasce da probidade construtiva, apesar das possibilidades técnicas do concreto armado à vista ser bastante exploradas, pouco se recorre ao seu potencial plástico. Ele cede lugar à poética da estrutura metálica, que predomina e se impõe, principalmente, através dos detalhes tectônicos.
AVALIAÇÃO DO BEM-ESTAR EM FUNÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE AMBIENTES DISTINTOS
Authors: Bonini Penteado Ana Carolina , Iarozinski Neto Alfredo
Published: February 2021

A influência que o ambiente construído exerce sobre o bem-estar dos seres humanos é notória, visto que, se forem mal projetados, os mesmos geram um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida de seus usuários. Dessa maneira, o entendimento acerca de como as pessoas percebem os ambientes é importante, tornando-se necessário o desenvolvimento de instrumentos capazes de avaliar a percepção e o bem-estar dentro do ambiente construído. Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo aplicar a escala PANAS (Escala de Afeto Positivo e Negativo) de Watson e Tellegen (1985) para avaliar o impacto das variações das características do ambiente construído interno nos sentimentos dos indivíduos. Para tanto, realizou-se um experimento composto pela aplicação de um questionário composto por 48 sentimentos derivados da mesma escala a fim de determinar quais sentimentos são mais sensíveis à variação das características de cinco ambientes distintos. O questionário foi aplicado a 143 estudantes dos cursos de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura e Urbanismo de uma Universidade. A partir do experimento, os resultados confirmaram que ambientes que possuem diferentes características projetuais tendem a despertar diferentes percepções em seus usuários, que associam à cada ambiente particular, sentimentos relacionados ao bem-estar ou mal-estar, adequando-se ao modelo preconizado pela escala PANAS.
COLABORAÇÃO REMOTA NO PROJETO DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO EM UM CONTEXTO DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Celani Gabriela
Published: February 2021

Durante a pandemia da COVID19, tivemos de aprender a ensinar e a colaborar remotamente. Isso se mostrou particularmente desafiador no caso das disciplinas de projeto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, em que tipicamente os alunos interagem em um grande atelier. Mas a colaboração remota em projetos não é um assunto novo. Desde o final dos anos 1990, já havia um interesse em aprofundar este método, tendo como motivação a internacionalização do ensino e do trabalho dos arquitetos, ampliando seus horizontes e sua visão de mundo. Neste artigo, são relatadas primeiramente algumas dessas primeiras experiências e, em seguida, a experiência da própria autora no ensino remoto em 2020. Espera-se que este relato contribua com um novo olhar para esta situação forçada - e muitas vezes incômoda - que estamos vivenciando, mas que pode ter alguns aspectos positivos que poderão ser mantidos no futuro.
Kamusal Pedagoji Olarak Transit
Authors: Güneş Nurhayat
Published: February 2021

Örgün eğitim kurumlarının ötesinde gerçekleşen eğitim fenomenlerini tanımlamak için araştırmacılar tarafından özellikle son otuz yıldır yaygın bir biçimde “Kamusal Pedagoji” (Public Pedagogy) kavramı kullanılmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak bu araştırmada, kamusal pedagojinin kuramsal temelini tanıtarak onun bir ortamı olarak transiti kavramsallaştırma sürecini inceledim. Araştırmada sanat temelli araştırma yöntemini kullanmış olup, araştırmanın verilerini doküman incelemesi ile yapılandırdım. Araştırmada öncelikle kamusal alan kavramını genel bir çerçeveden inceleyerek ardından okul dışında bu alanlarda meydana gelen eğitimi modelleyen kamusal pedagojiye yer verdim. Daha sonra buna örnek olarak kendi öğrenme yollarımı, bu öğrenmelerin süreçlerini ve ortamlarını somutlaştırdığım diğer bir deyişle kamusal pedagojinin bir ortamı olarak transiti kavramsallaştırdığım iki çalışmayı gözden geçirdim. Örnek olarak seçtiğim bu araştırmaların incelenmesi neticesinde, transitin kamusal pedagojinin içinde önemli bir öğrenme ortamı oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaştım. Son olarak transitin bilgi iletme potansiyeli göz önüne alınarak daha etkili bir öğrenme ortamı haline getirilebileceği önerisine yer verdim.
Complex Treatment and Prosthetic Rehabilitation of an Acquired Maxillofacial Defect with Tumor Invasion: Brief Report
Authors: Jiajing Li , Kochurova Ekaterina V. , Beeraka Narasimha M , Lapina Natalya V. , Weilong Chang , Belousov Dmitrii M. , Mikhaylenko Elizaveta V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Muresanu Cristian , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Avila-Rodríguez Marco , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: February 2021

Background:

A patient was evaluated with respect to the effects and results of a complex treatment
plan for complete dental rehabilitation. Several steps were required. Each step included immunological tests of
salivary biomarkers. Clinical and immunological assessments were evaluated on Day 3, Week 2, Month 3, and
Month 6 post-surgery. These evaluations guided the decision-making process with regard to preparation of a
permanent prosthesis.

Objective:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the response of tissues and organs of the maxillofacial region in
patients during dental rehabilitation after maxillofacial surgery.

Methods:

Complex treatment and rehabilitation involving cooperation between the specialists in maxillofacial
surgery, prosthetic dentistry, and cancer immunology.

Results:

Long-term monitoring and clinical examination showed a direct relationship between the patient’s clinical
and dental status and the changes in oral fluid biomarkers.

Conclusion:

The data revealed that the oral fluid biomarkers reflected the patient’s adaptation to prosthodontic
rehabilitation. Treatment and monitoring of a maxillofacial tumor patient could use biomarkers as a non-invasive
indicator.
COVID-19: Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Impact
Authors: Shahriar Saimon , Rana Md. Sohel , Hossain Md. Sabbir , Karim Ariful , Mredula Tasneem N. , Nourin Nadia , Uddin Md. Sahab , Amran Md. Shah
Published: February 2021

The pandemic, well-known as COVID-19, has been caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and it
has distinct characteristics from other coronavirus-related epidemics. This pandemic has been ravaging the
whole world for more than a year now, and no drugs or vaccines have been found to eliminate this virus from
the infected people effectively; only physical measures like social distancing, hand washing and face-mask
wearing have been taken to reduce its spread and very recently Veklury (remdesivir) has been permitted by the
USFDA to manage the critical patients. This disease can be asymptomatic, but when it is symptomatic, it presents
with respiratory problems and cold- or flu-like symptoms, which can be diagnosed with a chest CT and
confirmed with RT-PCR tests. In this review, the taxonomy and structure of SARS-CoV-2 and history, transmission,
epidemiology, pathology, clinical features and impacts of the COVID-19 have been discussed. A summary
of possible drug targets, attempted physical and chemical measures, as well as vaccine candidates, has also
been provided. How this coronavirus is different from other coronaviruses, the obstacles in managing this
disease and the possibility of a second wave have also been reviewed. This review represents a wide range of information
regarding COVID-19 and intends to be used as a comprehensive overview in this regard.
Comparison of the Efficacy of HIV-1 Nef-Tat-Gp160-p24 Polyepitope
Vaccine Candidate with Nef Protein in Different Immunization Strategies
Authors: Bolhassani Azam , Namazi Fatemeh , Davoodi Saba
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

One of the promising strategies for effective HIV-1 vaccine design involves
finding the polyepitope immunogens using T cell epitopes.

Methods:

Herein, an HIV-1 polyepitope construct (i.e., Nef-Tat-Gp160-P24) comprising of several
epitopes from Nef, Tat, Gp160, and P24 proteins was designed. To improve its immunogenicity in
BALB/c mice, cell-penetrating peptides (HR9 and MPG for DNA delivery, and LDP-NLS and Cy-
LoP-1 for protein transfer), Montanide adjuvant, and heterologous DNA prime/polypeptide boost
strategy were used. To compare the immunogenicity, Nef was utilized as a vaccine candidate. The
levels of total IgG and its subclasses, cytokines, and Granzyme B were assessed using ELISA.

Results:

Immunological studies showed that heterologous prime-boost regimens for both antigens
could considerably augment the levels of IgG2a, IgG2b, IFN-γ, and Granzyme B directed toward
Th1 and CTL immune responses in comparison with homologous prime-boost strategies. The levels
of IFN-γ, IL-10, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b were drastically higher in groups immunized with
Nef-Tat-Gp160-P24 in heterologous prime-boost regimens than those in groups immunized with
Nef.

Conclusions:

The use of the Nef-Tat-Gp160-P24 polyepitope immunogen in heterologous prime--
boost strategy could generate the mixture of Th1 and Th2 responses directed further toward Th1 response
as a hopeful method for improvement of HIV-1 vaccine.