bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identities, Aspirations and Belonging of Cosmopolitan Youth in Australia
Authors: Collins Jock , Reid Carol , Fabiansson Charlotte
Published: September 2014

This article presents the results of a survey of the attitudes, aspirations and belonging of mainly immigrant minority youth living in Western and south western Sydney conducted in 2007 to provide some evidence to contest the populist view of immigrant youth as being a threat to Australian society. Rather the survey points to the very positive aspirations of Sydney’s immigrant youth, their strong sense of having a positive future role in Australian society, their sense of belonging and ownership of their neighbourhood. They live connected lives, with multicultural friendship networks rather than living their lives parallel to and separate from other youth. Only one in three surveyed identify as ‘Australian’, with most offering some hybrid-Australian identity. This finding worried the Australian government, who did not give publication approval of the research until late 2010. The paper argues that a more cosmopolitan approach to multiculturalism would assist in valuing the globalised, fluid, hybrid identities of immigrant youth and assist in relieving the nationalist anxieties about Australian cultural, linguistic and cultural diversity.
The Australian Constitution and the Aid/Watch Case
Authors: Williams George
Published: September 2014

The Australian Constitution played a significant role in underpinning the result in the Aid/Watch Case. It was invoked by the majority to support their conclusion that a body can be a ‘charitable institution’ despite engaging in political activities.

The use of the Constitution in this way came as a surprise. The case extended an existing constitutional principle relating to freedom of political communication from its electoral base into the protection of the political activities of non-government organisations. This may have future ramifications for those organisations in other areas, as well as further implications for the development of what it means to be a charity in Australia.

This article examines the use of the Australian Constitution in the Aid/Watch Case. It explains how the High Court was able to invoke the Constitution in defining what it means to be a ‘charitable institution’. It also examines the implications of that reasoning for the development of charitable law in Australia.
Aid/Watch and the Public Benefit of Advocacy for the Extra-territorial Relief of Poverty
Authors: Barnden David , Sivaraman Giri
Published: September 2014

The disqualification of Aid/Watch as a charity and the High Court of Australia's subsequent decision shines a spotlight on the common law definition of charitable activity. The Aid/Watch decision enables charitable organisations to legitimately advocate for more efficient implementation of government policies on the relief of poverty and for the advancement of education and religion, without fear of reprisal.

Initially we comment on the inherent tension the Australian Taxation Office experiences as a result of its status as a government department, its responsibilities to administer revenue collection and its role interpreting charity law. We then discuss the common law definition of charity and the Constitutional basis for the High Court’s decision in Aid/Watch. To conclude we outline areas of uncertainties but also potential benefits to charitable organisations which are relevant for any proposal to define ‘charitable organisation’.
Legacy of Colonialism in the Empowerment of Women in Rwanda
Authors: Buscaglia Ilaria , Randell Shirley
Published: September 2014

The empowerment of women in Rwanda is rooted in colonial times. In the second half of the 1940s, the Belgian administration, together with religious missionaries, started some educational and social welfare programs for women, known as the foyers sociaux (social homes). This paper explores how this program of female promotion and its progeny affected the domestication of Rwandan women, what caused the situation to change following the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994, and what more might be done to stimulate full gender equality in education and employment for women in Rwanda.
Reconciling Universality and Particularity through a Cosmopolitan Outlook on Human Rights
Authors: Adami Rebecca
Published: September 2014

Human rights are today criticized as not compatible with different cultural values and the debate has circulated around Asian values and Islamic values as in dichotomy with human rights as universal ethics (Ignatieff, 2003). The theoretical dichotomy between universality and particularity is questioned pragmatically in this paper through a historical study. The working process of drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1946-48, which included thousands of people, is explored as a cosmopolitan space in which individuals from different cultural contexts met to negotiate human rights through cultural narratives. The process where particular values were negotiated with universal notion on human rights resulted in a common proclamation (UDHR) without a common philosophical or ideological ground. This paper puts forth a thesis that human rights discourse can work as a cosmopolitan space, in which particular value systems meet in processes characterized by conflict and cohesion. Hence human rights can be understood as a master narrative compatible with different conflicting cultural narratives (Gibson & Somers, 1994).
Meso level Social Impact: Meaningful Indicators of Community Contribution
Authors: Edwards Melissa , Onyx Jenny , Maxwell Hazel , Darcy Simon
Published: September 2014

Social impact measures are not widely agreed, nor implemented by third sector organisations. Meso level indicators of social impact are underdeveloped. Financialised methods such as Social Return on Investment can only account for direct outcomes of defined programs and activities. The broader societal impacts of any such activities are undervalued. This paper outlines the findings of a grounded theoretical approach to determining measures of social impact within a large Australian iconic third sector organisation. Several key factors revealed in this study are discussed in regards to their potential for attributing social impact to organisational activities outside of a program specific outcome. Based on these findings the paper concludes that the development of a tool to measure meso level organisational social impact of third sector organisations may be attainable.
Everyone's Story Counts: Measuring Social Impact in the Not-for-profit sector, an overview.
Authors: Bloch Barbara
Published: September 2014

As a lead-up to a symposium on measuring social impact in the not-for-profit sector, held in November 2011, the author conducted a small number of interviews (20) across the not for profit sector in Sydney, as to their views, concerns and issues regarding the measurement of social impact of their organisations' work within their communities. This paper provides a synthesis of these interviews, as well as situating social impact measurement within a broader economic and political frame. The paper draws the conclusion (confirmed by many at the above symposium) that the concept of collective impact - where a large number of diverse organisations collaborate through for example, agreed benchmarks of performance and shared measurements, in order to make a difference, and know that they have made a difference, to the lives of specific populations in need.
The Social in Assessing for Sustainability. Fisheries in Australia.
Authors: Barclay Kate
Published: September 2014

The notion that sustainability rests on three pillars – economic, environmental and social – has been widely accepted since the 1990s. In practice, however, the economic and environmental aspects have tended to dominate the sustainability agenda, and social aspects have been sidelined. Two reasons for this are: 1) there is a lack of data collected about which to build meaningful pictures of social aspects of sustainability for populations over time, and 2) there is a lack of recognition of the role of social factors in sustainability, and a related lack of understanding of how to analyse them in conjunction with economic and environmental factors. This paper surveys the literature about sustainability in fisheries, focussing on Australia, and focussing on the way social aspects have been treated. The paper finds that the problems that have been identified for assessing the social in sustainability in general are certainly manifest in fisheries. Management of Australian fisheries has arguably made great improvements to biological sustainability over the last decade, but much remains to be done to generate similar improvements in social sustainability for fishing communities. This is the case for government-run resource management as well as for initiatives from the private sector and conservation organizations as part of movements for corporate social responsibility and ethical consumerism. A significant challenge for improving sustainability in Australian fisheries, therefore, lies in improving data collection on social factors, and in bridging disciplinary divides to better integrate social with economic and biological assessments of sustainability.
Two Sets of Business Cards: Responses of Chinese Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs in Canada and Australia to Sexism and Racism
Authors: Chiang Frances , Low Angeline , Collins Jock
Published: September 2014

Existing entrepreneurial discourses have been dominated by white middle-class androcentric approach, giving little space to the discussions of racism and sexism experienced by minority women entrepreneurs. This paper aims to fill this gap through an examination of the experiences of Asian immigrant women entrepreneurs in Canada and Australia using an intersectional approach. The key research question addressed in the paper is to what extent, and in what ways, do racism and sexism impact on the entrepreneurial experiences of Asian immigrant women entrepreneurs and what strategies do they use in managing discrimination to protect themselves and their businesses? Four main strategies were derived from our findings, namely, creating a comfortable niche, playing the mainstream card, swallowing the pain, and resisting.
Affective Dissent
Authors: Healy Stephen
Published: September 2014

This article identifies a form of affective bio-politics more intimate, engrained and corporeally enacted than that identified in recent work emphasising the affective qualities of activism and labour. While these latter reinforce and bolster existing analyses through the identification of further affective concerns, affective bio-politics suggests that neoliberalism supports and sustains itself quite fundamentally through, what have generally been, unrecognised affective means. While such affective regulation can only ever be partial and imprecise its unrecognised, and thus implicitly concealed, character lends it a particular cogency. Illuminating the mechanisms through which such affective regulatory modulation is achieved thus has a powerful potential to clarify further opportunities to disrupt and counter neoliberalism. This account juxtaposes an analysis of affective bio-politics with existing analyses of the affective, and performative, dimensions to activist politics, in order to facilitate the identification of specific opportunities for further affective contestationary strategies.
Does consensus work? A case study of the Cloughjordan ecovillage, Ireland
Authors: Cunningham Paul A. , Wearing Stephen L
Published: September 2014

Ecovillages have grown in number around the world since the early 1990s. This growth appears to be largely due to the contested nature of post/modernity and the desire to establish a more simple, meaningful and sustainable lifestyle that is centered on community. The end of the 1990s represented the high tide of neo-liberalism in most advance liberal democracies. Ten years later, and the global economy still demonstrates signs that modes of capitalism have intensified and spread under the influence of global and state orchestrated markets, giving rise to a search for alternatives that might provide other mechanisms for organizing our lives. Cloughjordan Ecovillage is used to examine how governance through a consensus-based decision-making approach works as an alternative in this circumstance. Generally, intentional communities are organized around egalitarian principles and therefore commonly embrace the ideology of consensus. The primary research question guiding this study was—Does consensus work in the governance of alternative lifestyles? The preliminary findings of this case study suggests that in spite of the impressive nature of the built infrastructure at this site, the community continues to struggle with consensus-based decision-making as a form of self-organization and governance.
The role of aerosol in altering North Atlantic atmospheric circulation in winter and air-quality feedbacks
Authors: Pausata F. S. R. , Gaetani M. , Messori G. , Kloster S. , Dentener F. J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Numerical model scenarios of future climate depict a global increase in temperatures and changing precipitation patterns, driven by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. Aerosol concentrations also play an important role in altering Earth's radiation budget and consequently surface temperature. Here, we use the general circulation aerosol model ECHAM5-HAM, coupled to a mixed layer ocean model, to investigate the impacts of future air pollution mitigation strategies in Europe on winter atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. We analyze the extreme case of a maximum feasible end-of-pipe reduction of aerosols in the near future (2030), in combination with increasing GHG concentrations. Our results show a more positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) mean state in the near future, together with a significant eastward shift of the southern centre of action of the sea level pressure (SLP). Moreover, we show a significantly increased blocking frequency over the western Mediterranean. By separating the aerosol and GHG impacts, our study suggests that the aerosol abatement in the near future may be the primary driver of such circulation changes. All these concomitant modifications of the atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Atlantic sector lead to more stagnant weather conditions that favor air pollutant accumulation in the Mediterranean, especially in the western sector. These changes in atmospheric circulation should be included in future air pollution mitigation assessments. Our results suggest that an evaluation of NAO changes in individual climate model simulations will allow an objective assessment of the role of changes in wintertime circulation on future air quality.
A fine fraction of soil used as an aerosol analogue during the DUNE experiment: sequential solubility in water, decreasing pH step-by-step
Authors: Aghnatios C. , Losno R. , Dulac F.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. A soil sample collected in a desert aerosol source area near Douz (southern Tunisia) was dry-sieved at 20 μm in order to extract the fraction similar to a wind-generated aerosol, and was used to seed mesocosms during the DUNE experiment (a DUst experiment in a low Nutrient, low chlorophyll Ecosystem). In this work, said "aerosol-like" fine dust was sequentially leached by short contacts with water at initial pHs, decreasing from seven to one, representing various wet environmental conditions. For each step, the solubility of a given element is calculated as the amount of its dissolved fraction, relative to its total amount. The evolution of this fractional solubility from the highest to lowest pHs provides information on the chemical strength needed to solubilise a given element and its lability. The behaviour of the elemental solubility was sorted into two groups: (1) Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, and P, with a solubility between 23% and 70%, and a maximum sequential solubility at pH 3; (2) Al and Fe, with a solubility of less than 2% and the highest release at pH 1. Similar solubility patterns in group 1 for Ca, P, and Mn suggest a possible association of the elements in the same minerals, most probably carbonates.
Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area
Authors: Soares J. , Kousa A. , Kukkonen J. , Matilainen L. , Kangas L. , Kauhaniemi M. , Riikonen K. , Jalkanen J.-P. , Rasila T. , Hänninen O. , Koskentalo T. , Aarnio M. , Hendriks C. , Karppinen A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. A mathematical model is presented for the determination of human exposure to ambient air pollution in an urban area; the model is a refined version of a previously developed mathematical model EXPAND (EXposure model for Particulate matter And Nitrogen oxiDes). The model combines predicted concentrations, information on people's activities and location of the population to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of average exposure of the urban population to ambient air pollution in different microenvironments. The revisions of the modelling system containing the EXPAND model include improvements of the associated urban emission and dispersion modelling system, an improved treatment of the time use of population, and better treatment for the infiltration coefficients from outdoor to indoor air. The revised model version can also be used for estimating intake fractions for various pollutants, source categories and population subgroups. We present numerical results on annual spatial concentration, time activity and population exposures to PM2.5 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Helsinki for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Approximately 60% of the total exposure occurred at home, 17% at work, 4% in traffic and 19% in other microenvironments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The population exposure originating from the long-range transported background concentrations was responsible for a major fraction, 86%, of the total exposure in Helsinki. The largest local contributors were vehicular emissions (12%) and shipping (2%).
Nietzsche on Friendship
Authors: Robert C. Miner
Published: September 2014

In this analysis of his thought on friendship, I begin first by arguing that for Nietzsche friendship is undesirableor impossible with or between four human types. Insight on this point is valuable, because it provides clear vision of what friendship is not. Second, I will argue that Nietzsche takes superior friendship to be possible but rare, since itrequires its participants to balance three pairs of opposing qualities that are difficult to keep in equilibrium. Third, I will show that Nietzsche takes friendship in its highest form to aim at a goal, appropriately named “truth.” Here I draw upon both “middle-period” texts and Beyond Good and Evil, the latter to show that a concern for friendship pervadesNietzsche’s oeuvre. Fourth, I show that Nietzsche differs most from ancient authors in his uncompromising insistence that if friendship is to serve truth rather than comfort or illusion, it is necessarily agonistic. A final section argues that if true friendship is to be nourished rather than destroyed by opposition, the virtue of “sympathy” must be present. Sympathy in Nietzsche’s sense cannot be conflated with pity, since it is related to the “shared joy” that he identifies as the crown of friendship.
The Origin and Early Context of the Revaluation Theme in Nietzsche’s Thinking
Authors: Brobjer Thomas H.
Published: September 2014

Most commentators have assumed that the revaluation theme belongs exclusively to the late Nietzsche (from Thus Spoke Zarathustra and onward); often its origin is dated to 1886 or 1884. After examining Nietzsche’s notes, I argue that its origin occurred in 1880-81. I discuss its rather complex context at this time, with no single obvious thematic textual context outweighing all the others, and consider some of the consequences of this early dating. I furthermore examine the end of the literary revaluation project, concluding that Nietzsche regarded it as an unfinished four-volume project at least until shortly before his mental collapse.
O AMOR NA POLÍTICA: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE HANNAH ARENDT E SANTO AGOSTINHO
Authors: Carneiro Jr. Renato Augusto
Published: September 2014

Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) faz diversas referências a Santo Agostinho (354-430) ao longo de suas obras. As idéias do filósofo foram trabalhadas mais profundamente em sua tese de doutoramento, de 1929, O Conceito de Amor em Santo Agostinho. Dividida em três partes distintas – o amor como desejo, o amor na relação entre o homem e Deus e o amor ao próximo – este livro deu a Hannah a oportunidade de analisar a existência humana e a importância do amor na relação do homem com o Criador e com a sociedade. Este tema, do amor, voltaria no livroHomens em Tempos Sombrios, onde analisou a história de João XXIII, entre outros personagens do século XX. Em sua vasta produção, Arendt revela sua forma de pensar política a partir dos termos do filósofo cristão: abandonar-se à fé – nos homens e/ou em Deus – é lidar com coisas da polis de uma posição em que o outro não é considerado um inimigo, mas um irmão. Não cobiçar as coisas terrenas, mas lidar na política com a charitas agostiniana, torna-nos abertos ao diálogo, à conciliaçãoe à aceitação de nossos oponentes. É a política da não-violência ativa, na linha de Gandhi, Luther King e Dom Hélder Câmara, arcebispo de Recife e Olinda, Brasil, nos anos de 1964 e 1985.
Em nome de Roma
Authors: Bertonha João Fábio
Published: September 2014

GOLDSWORTHY, Adrian. In the name of Rome – The men who wonthe Roman Empire. Londres: Phoenix, 2007, 480 p.
RESISTÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS: SELEÇÃO OU INDUÇÃO À MUTAÇÃO PELOS HERBICIDAS INIBIDORES DE ACETOLACTATO
Authors: VIDAL RIBAS ANTONIO , WINKLER LARISSA MACEDO
Published: September 2014

A resistência de plantas daninhas aos herbicidas, principalmente os inibidores da síntese de aminoácidos ramificados (isoleucina, leucina e valina), está se propagando no Brasil. A literatura propõem que a resistência aos herbicidas ocorre devido à seleção de indivíduos mutantes já presentes na comunidade vegetal aspergida pelo herbicida. Contudo, durante a replicação do DNA ocorrem erros que são corrigidos por diversas proteínas. Já foi identificada a composição de aminoácidos das proteínas do grupo MutS, responsáveis pela correção de erros replicativos em Arabidopsis thaliana. Com base na elevada composição dos aminoácidos ramificados nas proteínas do grupo MutS, este trabalho questiona se a ausência desses aminoácidos em momentos críticos da replicação do DNA pode estar prejudicando a correção dos erros do DNA das plantas daninhas. Comparações são feitas entre possíveis efeitos de inibidores de acetolactato sintase (ALS) e de enol-piruvil-shiquimatofosfato- sintase (EPSPS). Com base nessas informações sugere-se que herbicidas inibidores da síntese de aminoácidos ramificados podem propiciar o aparecimento de mais indivíduos mutantes resistentes aos mesmos. WEED RESISTANCE: SELECTION OR INDUCTION TO MUTATION BY INHIBITORS OF ACETO LACTATE SYNTASE HERBICIDES Abstract The weed resistance to herbicides is widely spread in Brazil, mainly for the compounds inhibitors of the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids, isoleucine, leucine and valine. The literature proposes that the resistance to herbicides appears as result of selection of mutant individual plants existent in the weed flora prior to herbicide application. However, during DNA replication occur replication errors, that are corrected by several proteins. It is already known the amino acid composition of the proteins from the group MutS, responsible for the correction of replication errors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on the high composition of branched-chain amino acids on the group MutS proteins, in this work it is hypothesized that the absence of these amino acids on critical moments of the DNA replication can be interfering on the correction of the DNA replication errors in weeds. Possible effect of aceto lactate syntase (ALS) and enolpyruvil- shiquimato-phosphate syntase (EPSPS) inhibithing herbicides are compared. This review suggests that herbicides inhibitor of branched chain amino acid synthesis can trigger the appearance of more mutant weeds resistant to the herbicides when sprayed by these compounds.
EFICIÊNCIA DE INSETICIDAS NATURAIS E TIAMETOXAM NO CONTROLE DE TRIPES EM VIDEIRA E SELETIVIDADE PARA INIMIGOS NATURAIS
Authors: NALI LUIZ RONALDO , BARBOSA FLÁVIA RABELO , DE CARVALHO CARLOS ALFREDO LOPES , DOS SANTOS JACKSON BONFIM CARVALHO
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de produtos naturais e do tiametoxam no controle de tripes em videira e seus efeitos sobre inimigos naturais. O experimento foi instalado em plantio comercial, no município de Juazeiro-BA (Brasil), em parreiral da variedade Benitaka, com 5 anos de idade, irrigado por microaspersão. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições e 5 tratamentos, sendo: 1. Nim-I-Go a 0,5%; 2. Rotenat a 0,5%; 3. Bio Alho a 0,3%; 4. tiametoxam 250WG (20 g de produto comercial/100L) e 5. testemunha (sem inseticida). Foram utilizadas 12 plantas por tratamento, sendo avaliados o número de tripes e de inimigos naturais por inflorescência, em pré-aplicação e aos 2, 4 e 6 dias após a aplicação dos inseticidas. Os produtos naturais Rotenat e Nim- I-Go apresentaram as melhores porcentagens médias de controle (respectivamente, 52,04% e 48,37%), seguidos pelo tiametoxam (46,00%) e pelo Bio alho (23,07%). Aos dois dias após a aplicação, o tiametoxam apresentou eficiência de 76,79%, porém não manteve a eficiência ao longo das avaliações. As notas na escala de seletividade para o Bio Alho, Nim-I-Go, Rotenat e tiametoxam foram 2 (pouco tóxico), 3 (moderadamente tóxico), 3 e 4 (tóxico), respectivamente. EFFICIENCY OF NATURAL INSECTICIDES AND THIAMETHOXAM ON THE CONTROL OF THRIPS IN GRAPES AND SELECTIVITY TO NATURAL ENEMIES Abstract The objective of this work was to verify the efficiency of natural insecticides and thiamethoxam on the control of Selenothrips rubrocinctus and Frankliniella sp. and their selectivity to natural enemies. The trial was conducted under field conditions, in an irrigated area of Juazeiro county, Bahia State, Brazil, in a five-years old vineyard with cv. Benitaka in a completly randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: (1) Nim-I-Go 0.5%; (2) Rotenat 0.5%; (3) Bio Alho 0.3%; (4) thiamethoxam 250WG (20 g c.p./100 L of water) and the control (untreated check). There were twelve plants per treatment, being evaluated number of thrips and natural enemies, at inflorescences before application and 2, 4 e 6 days after application. Rotenat and Nim-I-Go were the most effective, respectively, 52.04% and 48.37% of control, followed by thiamethoxam (46.00 %) and Bio alho (23.07%). Two days after application the efficiency of thiamethoxam was 76.79%, however its average efficiency was low. The selectivity grades to Bio alho, Nim-I-Go, Rotenat and thiamethoxam were, respectively, 2 (slightly harmful, 3 (moderately harmful), 3 and 4 (harmful).
PESTICIDAS: MECANISMO DE AÇÃO, DEGRADAÇÃO E TOXIDEZ
Authors: COUTINHO CLÁUDIA F. B. , TANIMOTO SONIA T. , GALLI ANDRESSA , GARBELLINI GUSTAVO S. , TAKAYAMA MARISA , DO AMARAL RAQUEL B. , MAZO LUIZ H. , AVACA LUIS A. , MACHADO SERGIO A. S.
Published: September 2014

Este artigo apresenta breve revisão sobre pesticidas muito utilizados no Brasil em culturas de soja, milho e cana-de-açúcar. Foram abordados o mecanismo de ação, a degradação e a toxidez dos herbicidas glifosato, pendimetalina e atrazina e dos inseticidas fenitrotion e fipronil. Verificou-se que o modo de ação desses pesticidas ocorre por meio da inibição de enzimas específicas como a enolpiruvil shikimato- 3-fosfato sintase (glifosato) e a colinesterase (fenitrotion), de proteínas como as tubulinas (pendimetalina), de receptores do sistema nervoso como o ácido gama aminibutírico (fipronil) e da inibição da fotossíntese (atrazina). Em relação à degradação, a rota mais importante para o desaparecimento dos herbicidas glifosato e atrazina e do inseticida fenitrotion é a biodegradação. Fipronil, moderadamente persistente no ambiente, é degradado pela luz (fotodegradação). Para a pendimetalina, tanto os microrganismos quanto a luz são responsáveis pelo desaparecimento desse composto. A toxidez dos pesticidas varia de acordo com o grupo químico em que se enquadram, sendo o efeito tóxico mais agudo para os seres humanos e outros mamíferos apresentado pelo fenitrotion (organofosforado).
AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE CONTAMINAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS POR PESTICIDAS: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE MÉTODOS DE PREVISÃO DE LIXIVIAÇÃO
Authors: LOURENCETTI CAROLINA , SPADOTTO CLÁUDIO APARECIDO , SANTIAGO-SILVA MARY , RIBEIRO MARIA LUCIA
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar alguns modelos descritos na literatura (critérios de screening da EPA, índices GUS e LIX e modelos RF, AF e TLPI) para avaliação do potencial de lixiviação de pesticidas e a possibilidade de contaminação de água subterrânea. Inicialmente, a simbologia e as expressões matemáticas foram organizadas de modo a facilitar a identificação e o entendimento dos fatores considerados na construção de cada modelo. A aplicação e a comparação dos modelos foram realizadas a partir de dados da literatura (propriedades físico-química dos pesticidas, propriedades do solo e condições climáticas) para nove herbicidas (2,4-D, alaclor, atrazina, clomazona, fluazifop-p-butílico, metribuzim, picloram, simazina, trifluralina) registrados e mais usados na cultura de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Os resultados do potencial de lixiviação fornecidos pelos métodos não foram concordantes para alguns herbicidas, entretanto, a classificação de potencial de lixiviação apresentouse muito semelhante para todos os produtos. As diferenças encontradas podem ser justificadas pelas singularidades e limitações inerentes à concepção de cada método. Os resultados demonstram que modelos mais simples podem ser úteis para avaliar o potencial de contaminação da água subterrânea em grandes áreas de monocultura, fornecendo subsídios para tomadas de decisões mais rápidas e eficientes pelos órgãos competentes.
CARBENDAZIM E O MEIO AMBIENTE: DEGRADAÇÃO E TOXIDEZ
Authors: Coutinho Cláudia F. B. , Galli Andressa , Mazo Luiz H. , Machado Sergio A. S.
Published: September 2014

Este artigo apresenta breve revisão de literatura sobre o fungicida carbendazim, muito utilizado em culturas de frutas e vegetais no Brasil. Foram abordados, principalmente, a degradação (abiótica e biótica) e os efeitos tóxicos que o fungicida carbendazim promove aos animais e aos seres humanos. Devido ao uso intenso de carbendazim, esse fungicida tornou-se poluente muito persistente no solo e na água. Os estudos de degradação são importantes para o isolamento e caracterização de microrganismos capazes de degradar o fungicida, e também para o desenvolvimento de processos abióticos (fotodegradação) a serem utilizados no tratamento de água e solo poluídos.
TOXICIDADE AGUDA E CRÔNICA DO EXTRATO DE NIM (Azadirachta indica) PARA Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: BOTELHO RAFAEL GROSSI , INAFUKU MARÍLIA MITIE , MARANHO LUCINEIDE APARECIDA , NETO LUIS MACHADO , DE OLINDA RICARDO ALVES , DIAS CARLOS TADEU , TORNISIELO VALDEMAR LUIS
Published: September 2014

A preocupação com as questões ambientais tem levado ao crescimento de pesquisas relacionadas aos compostos com potencial no controle de pragas na agricultura, direcionando alternativas que minimizem os impactos ao ambiente. Nesse sentido acredita-se que a utilização de produtos proveniente de plantas possa representar opção eficaz para o controle de pragas com menor risco ambiental. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a toxicidade aguda e crônica de uma formulação comercial de nim para Ceriodaphnia dubia. A CE 50 (48h) determinada foi de 0,032 mL·L-1, e os valores de CENO, CEO e VC foram respectivamente em mL·L-1: 0,004; 0,008 e 0,006. Os testes de toxicidade mostraram efeitos do produto tanto na mobilidade como na reprodução de C. dubia.
Mycoflora as a limitlng factor for pathogenic fungi in red clover pure cultures and its mixtures with cocksfoot
Authors: Dorenda Maria
Published: September 2014

Compositions of fungi communities in soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane and roots of red clover and cocksfoot were analysed. All the changes occuring daring four-years, cultivation under mountain conditions were investigated. The effect of saprophytic fungi present in the analysed communitics on chosen red clover pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. trifolii and Sclerotinia trifoliorum was also studied.
Typhula variabilis Riess
Authors: Dynowska Maria
Published: September 2014

One of the most common species of the genus Typhula, viz. T. variabilis Riess. is described.
Professor Tadeusz Dominik (1909-1980)
Authors: Majewski Tomasz , Majchrowicz Irena
Published: September 2014

A biography of prof. dr Tadeusz Dominik (1909-1980), professor of Agriculture Academy in Szczecin, an investigator of mycorrhize soil fungi, particularly keratinophilig and phytopathogenic fungi.
Seasonal and diurnal changes of two leaf pathogens of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) in the air of Iyanomo, Nigeria
Authors: Okhuoya J. A.
Published: September 2014

Air spore concentrations of Drechslera hevea Petch and Colletotrichum gloesporoides Penz were studied in a rubber nursery, over a 12-months period, from March 1976 to February 1977, using both the exposed nutrient medium technique and Rotorod samplers. Both methods showed seasonal changes in the spore concentrations of these organisms throughout the year. The spore concentrations of D. hevea were consistently higher than those of C. gloeosporoides. The highest spore concentrations were recorded in February and August for D. hevea and C. gloeosporoides respectively. In both cases there were diurnal fluctuations, with peaks occurring between 12.00h and 14.00h. The effect of environmental factors on these changes in discussed.
Effect of lead and zinc on the growth of some mycorrhizal fungi in vitro
Authors: Pachlewski R. , Chruściak E.
Published: September 2014

Growth reaction of five mycorrhizal fungi and pathogenic one in the presence of different Pb and Zn concentration was tested. It was confirmed that mycorrhizal strains were more sensitive to lead than zinc. On the contrary the pathogenic fungus was more sesitive to zinc.
Stachybotrys bisbyi (Srinivasan) Barron isolated from soil in Poland
Authors: Truszkowska Wanda , Łacicowa Barbara
Published: September 2014

Stachybotrys bisbyi (Srinivasan) Barron, noted for the soil of India has been found in Poland (1973-74) too; it was isolated for the second time (1982-83) from the soil under bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) culture in Czesławice near Lublin.
Polish Tulasnellales III. Tulasnella violacea (Johan-Olsen ap. Bref.) Juel.
Authors: Wojewoda Władysława
Published: September 2014

T. violacea was hitherto known from the one locality in East Poland only. In 1972-1984 further localities of this fungus were found.
The examinations of fungi of Plasmopara genus, affecting the representatives of Umbelliferae
Authors: Wrońska Barbara
Published: September 2014

The paper presents results of biometrical-experimental examinations of fungi of Plasmopara genus which infect the members of Umbelliferae. The investigations have shown a high degree of biological specialization of the examined fungi.
Annual increase of "fairy rings" in a meadow in the neighbourhood of Muszyna
Authors: Gumińska Barbara
Published: September 2014

The increase of "fairy rings" in a meadow in the? neighbourhood of Muszyna (distr. Nowy Sącz) is described. The observations vere conducted in 1972-1981. Rings were marked only by a zone of stimulated vegetation without any fruit-bodies. The fungus species causing the rings remained unknown.
Absidia coeruleaa as a cause of pulmonary mucormycosis
Authors: Podsiadło Barbara , Halweg Halina
Published: September 2014

The autors present the case of lung mucormycosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by thę presence of hyphae characteristic of Mucoruca in the sputum specimen and by the growth of fungi in the sputum culture and pus derived from the pleura empyema. On the grounds of the culture morphology the fungus was identified as Absidia caerulea.
The microscopic pathogenic fungi of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. II. The list of species
Authors: Mułenko Wiesław
Published: September 2014

The paper presents the taxonomic list and localities of parasitic fungi coDected from Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District in 1981-1984. Among them there is a noumerous group of new species for Poland, rare species and the species colonizing new host plants.
Chorology of the European hypogeous Ascomycetes, I. Elaphomycetales
Authors: Ławrynowicz Maria
Published: September 2014

Distribution of hypogeous Ascomycetes in Poland with regard to their areals in Europe is discussed in the paper. The results are illustrated on 63 maps. The paper is the second part of a monographic study of the Elaphomycetales and Tuberales worked out by the author in the Polish Flora - Mycota (vol. 18, 1988).
Alternaria alternata as a mycoparasite of Rhizopus nigricans
Authors: Pandy K. N. , Mohan Madhu , Gupta R. C.
Published: September 2014

Interaction between Alternaria alternata and Rhizopus nigricans was studied in vitro in dual cultures to examine their antagonistic behaviour. A. alternata parasitised R. nigricans by direct penetration of hyphae, sporangiophores and sporangia. R. nigricans is described here as a new host record for the mycoparasite A. alternata.
A case of primitive non-neural granular cell tumor presenting as a single painless bleeding nodule
Authors: Feci Luca , Miracco Clelia , Fimiani Michele , Rubegni Pietro
Published: September 2014

Primitive non-neural granular cell tumor is a rare tumor of uncertain lineage that clinically presents as a solitary painless nodule most typically on the extremity or trunk of an adult. We report the case of a 20-year-old man with a small reddish papule on the abdomen, measuring about 2 x 3 mm, surrounded by a faint erythematous halo.  Dermoscopy examination shows diffuse red color and weak whitish striae. However, only histological and immunohistochemical evaluation allowed us to perform the correct diagnosis.
Zosteriform cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed with the help of dermoscopy
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Nanova Krassimira , Alper-Pinus Ruslana , Zlotogorski Abraham
Published: September 2014

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is usually easy to recognize; however, several atypical features exist, which may pose a diagnostic challenge. Here we report a 55-year-old female patient, who presented with an itchy and painful eruption localized in a dermatomal distribution along the right upper chest. Although the clinical appearance of the lesions suggested the diagnosis of herpes zoster, dermoscopic evaluation revealed erythema, hyperkeratosis, burst star whitish appearance and hairpin vessels, compatible with the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Indeed, leishmania amastigotes were detected by smear from the lesions. Zosteriform presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis, as exemplified by our patient, is especially rare. In our case dermoscopy has proven to be an accessible and easy tool to diagnose such atypical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and dermatologists in endemic areas should be familiar with its typical dermoscopic features.
Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenital restricted to both breasts in a young female
Authors: Balvant Lunge Snehal , Mahajan Pradeep
Published: September 2014

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a very rarely occurring congenital disorder with persistent cutis marmorata, telangiectasia, and phlebectasia. This disorder may be associated with cutaneous atrophy and ulceration of the involved skin. We herewith report a 20-year-old female patient with CMTC since childhood along with ulcerations on both breasts. CMTC is a benign vascular anomaly presenting with dilatation of capillaries and veins of dermis and is apparent at birth. The patient had reticulated bluish-purple skin changes over both breasts. Although it resembled physiological cutis marmorata, it was more pronounced and definitely was unvarying and permanent in pattern. A variety of vascular malformations have been described along with this disorder. Etiology is not very clear; it may be multifactorial in origin. Prognosis in uncomplicated cases is good.
L’action intelligente d’Yvon Rivard
Authors: Santini Sylvano
Published: September 2014

Dans les textes qu’il a fait paraître depuis près de vingt ans, Yvon Rivard ne cesse de ressasser la raison des choix qui l’ont amené à se préoccuper de l’autre et à se rapprocher du monde. Ces révélations échoient à l’essai d’une manière toute particulière chez lui en faisant résonner le monde et la voix des autres au point d’écouler sa pensée hors du cadre de sa subjectivité, de son moi. Cet article a pour objectif de rendre compte de ce mouvement de la pensée sous la forme d’une « action intelligente » qui caractérise l’idée essentielle de ses essais et leur mode d’énonciation, et dont Une idée simple (2010) propose la version la plus achevée. Par cette action, les textes de Rivard coïncident aussi bien avec des essais récents sur l’anonymat comme force de résistance positive à la privatisation de l’existence et comme puissance constitutive de la communauté qu’avec l’héritage de la pauvreté qui traverse la littérature et la culture québécoises.
« L’écrivain en habit de travail 1 »
Authors: Nardout-Lafarge Élisabeth
Published: September 2014

Le déficit de légitimité sociale de la littérature, qui est l’un des consensus de la critique actuelle, ne signifie pas pour autant une relégation de la figure publique de l’écrivain et de sa parole puisque plusieurs journaux continuent de publier, dans les années 1990 et 2000, des chroniques et billets d’auteurs contemporains. Ainsi les hebdomadaires culturels gratuits Ici et Voir reprennent à la presse traditionnelle la pratique de cette collaboration régulière d’un écrivain à un périodique ; dans cette perspective, on s’intéressera à la chronique « Hors champ » que le romancier Nicolas Dickner a tenue à Voir de 2006 à 2012. En observant dans ces quelque deux cents textes brefs, parus pendant six ans, comment se répondent, d’une part le mandat très large que le journal accorde à l’écrivain et, d’autre part, la manière dont Dickner se l’approprie, tant dans une forme qu’il réinvestit que par les sujets qu’il choisit d’aborder, on tentera de montrer à l’oeuvre la construction de l’une des figures de l’écrivain québécois des années 2000 et d’en interroger le sens. On s’attachera notamment aux divers dispositifs analogiques par lesquels le chroniqueur s’efforce de définir son métier et, du même coup, le rôle de la littérature dans la société contemporaine.
Charge et contre-charge
Authors: Dubois Sophie
Published: September 2014

Le présent article vise à revisiter le mythe tragique de Claude Gauvreau en faisant voir la part du rire — certes, parfois moqueur et parfois méprisant — qui accompagne les premiers textes publiés en 1948. À partir d’un regard sur la réception de ces textes, et principalement à partir de deux cas de pastiches par Odette Oligny, il s’agit de poser les bases du mythe, lequel s’érige en dialogue avec la critique. Dès lors, il devient possible de relire une scène de La charge de l’orignal épormyable comme une réponse, sur le mode satirique, à la critique antérieure de l’oeuvre gauvréenne.
Buffered Qualitative Stability explains the robustness and evolvability of transcriptional networks
Authors: Albergante Luca , Blow J Julian , Newman Timothy J
Published: September 2014

The gene regulatory network (GRN) is the central decision‐making module of the cell. We have developed a theory called Buffered Qualitative Stability (BQS) based on the hypothesis that GRNs are organised so that they remain robust in the face of unpredictable environmental and evolutionary changes. BQS makes strong and diverse predictions about the network features that allow stable responses under arbitrary perturbations, including the random addition of new connections. We show that the GRNs of E. coli, M. tuberculosis, P. aeruginosa, yeast, mouse, and human all verify the predictions of BQS. BQS explains many of the small- and large‐scale properties of GRNs, provides conditions for evolvable robustness, and highlights general features of transcriptional response. BQS is severely compromised in a human cancer cell line, suggesting that loss of BQS might underlie the phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells, and highlighting a possible sequence of GRN alterations concomitant with cancer initiation.
T cell-specific inhibition of multiple apoptotic pathways blocks negative selection and causes autoimmunity
Authors: Burger Megan L , Leung Kenneth K , Bennett Margaux J , Winoto Astar
Published: September 2014

T cell self-tolerance is thought to involve peripheral tolerance and negative selection, involving apoptosis of autoreactive thymocytes. However, evidence supporting an essential role for negative selection is limited. Loss of Bim, a Bcl-2 BH3-only protein essential for thymocyte apoptosis, rarely results in autoimmunity on the C57BL/6 background. Mice with T cell-specific over-expression of Bcl-2, that blocks multiple BH3-only proteins, are also largely normal. The nuclear receptor Nur77, also implicated in negative selection, might function redundantly to promote apoptosis by associating with Bcl-2 and exposing its potentially pro-apoptotic BH3 domain. Here, we report that T cell-specific expression of a Bcl2 BH3 mutant transgene results in enhanced rescue of thymocytes from negative selection. Concomitantly, Treg development is increased. However, aged BH3 mutant mice progressively accumulate activated, autoreactive T cells, culminating in development of multi-organ autoimmunity and lethality. These data provide strong evidence that negative selection is crucial for establishing T cell tolerance.
Killing the killers
Authors: De Paepe Marianne , Petit Marie-Agnès
Published: September 2014

The bacteria that infect humans and cause cholera are themselves infected by viruses, which have the potential to influence the course of a cholera infection.
Reconstitution of bacterial autotransporter assembly using purified components
Authors: Roman-Hernandez Giselle , Peterson Janine H , Bernstein Harris D
Published: September 2014

Autotransporters are a superfamily of bacterial virulence factors consisting of an N-terminal extracellular (‘passenger’) domain and a C-terminal β barrel (‘β’) domain that resides in the outer membrane (OM). The mechanism by which the passenger domain is secreted is poorly understood. Here we show that a conserved OM protein insertase (the Bam complex) and a molecular chaperone (SurA) are both necessary and sufficient to promote the complete assembly of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 autotransporter EspP in vitro. Our results indicate that the membrane integration of the β domain is the rate-limiting step in autotransporter assembly and that passenger domain translocation does not require the input of external energy. Furthermore, experiments using nanodiscs strongly suggest that autotransporter assembly is catalyzed by a single copy of the Bam complex. Finally, we describe a method to purify a highly active form of the Bam complex that should facilitate the elucidation of its function.
Understanding Arctic Ocean Processes Under Changing Ice Cover
Authors: Polyakov Igor , Padman Laurence , Hutchings Jennifer
Published: September 2014

As Arctic sea ice declines, heat transport into and through the upper ocean plays an increasing role in the highly coupled atmosphere‐ice‐ocean system. The processes by which the ocean affects sea ice are, however, poorly understood. Understanding processes controlling delivery, storage, and release of heat by the Arctic Ocean is an urgent task.