bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobilidade e qualidade espacial urbana no entorno de terminais do sistema BRT de Curitiba: desenho urbano e condições socioambientais
Authors: Lima Cristina de Araújo , Fortunato Rafaela Antunes
Published: November 2017

Resumo O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão a respeito das características de espaços urbanos situados nas proximidades de sistema de transporte, partindo do pressuposto de que um projeto de Desenho Urbano não atinge completamente seu objetivo sem uma avaliação da obra realizada. É necessário saber como aquele espaço projetado se apresenta após determinado tempo de uso e assimilação pela sociedade, considerando estes locais como itens definidos por projeto e regidos por legislação urbanística. Assim, o artigo relata o início de uma pesquisa que busca, inicialmente, entender as características morfológicas, funcionais e socioambientais do entorno de terminais centrais do sistema BRT de Curitiba – uma proposta curitibana reproduzida mundialmente. No estudo são focalizadas quadras, lotes, atividades e equipamentos existentes nas proximidades de alguns terminais. Nessa etapa preliminar foi testada uma metodologia baseada em sistema de pontuação derivado de seis categorias de análise definidas por características diversas aplicadas aos dados coletados em campo e provenientes de fontes secundárias. Os resultados apontam aspectos que sinalizam possibilidades de maior adensamento, diversidade de usos, serviços, equipamentos na perspectiva de consolidação de centralidades vinculadas ao Sistema BRT; evidenciam condições socioambientais como itens secundários, confirmando terminais centrais como concentradores das funções urbanas de uso cotidiano.
Avaliação da conformidade de Sinais de Trânsito para melhorar a segurança rodoviária em meio urbano: uma aplicação no Centro de Guimarães, Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel Souto , Magalhães Carlos Eduardo Pires , Fonseca Fernando Pereira , Duarte António de Lima Sampaio , Ribeiro Paulo Jorge Gomes
Published: November 2017

Resumo A segurança rodoviária depende da existência de uma rede de sinalética apropriada e de uma correta manutenção dos sinais ao longo do tempo. Os sinais verticais de trânsito, para serem efetivamente funcionais, devem permanecer adequadamente visíveis e percetíveis. Neste artigo apresenta-se uma metodologia para avaliar o nível de conformidade dos sinais, procurando identificar eventuais deficiências funcionais. A metodologia baseia-se numa análise multicritério, onde são considerados dois critérios e oito subcritérios relacionados com as características físicas e operacionais dos sinais. A visibilidade dos sinais foi avaliada através de uma análise em SIG, considerando as distâncias de travagem e de paragem. O nível de intervenção obtido é constituído por quatro níveis, em função da necessidade e da urgência em recuperar a função dos sinais. A metodologia foi aplicada na cidade de Guimarães, Portugal. Os resultados comprovam a funcionalidade da metodologia e revelam que mais de metade dos sinais analisados não estão totalmente em conformidade com as normas, muito por culpa da estrutura urbana compacta e da presença de vegetação nas ruas. Uma vez que, para vários sinais, as distâncias de travagem e de paragem não são adequadas, pode-se concluir que os utilizadores destas ruas estão expostos a riscos que ameaçam a sua segurança.
Estudo exploratório da demanda potencial para um sistema de compartilhamento de bicicletas pedelecs
Authors: Cadurin Leonardo Dal Picolo , Rodrigues da Silva Antônio Nélson
Published: November 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo exploratório é apresentar e discutir os resultados de um procedimento para avaliar a demanda potencial por um sistema de bicicletas pedelecs compartilhadas no campus de São Carlos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Formado por duas áreas separadas por uma distância de 4,5 km, o campus parece ser particularmente adequado para implantação deste tipo de sistema de transporte. O procedimento proposto permite traçar um perfil do público-alvo. Permite ainda verificar a preferência entre os ônibus operados pela própria universidade e as pedelecs compartilhadas, visando os deslocamentos entre áreas. Para tanto, faz uso das técnicas de preferência declarada e redes neurais artificiais, para as etapas de coleta e análise dos dados, respectivamente. A partir das respostas de 397 estudantes foi possível identificar que o esforço físico, condições meteorológicas, tempo de viagem e ausência de ciclovias são fatores que restringem o uso de bicicletas convencionais. Lotação excessiva, horários de partida fixos, ausência de controle sobre o início da viagem e distância de caminhada são aspectos importantes para as pessoas não utilizarem os ônibus operados pela USP. Sobre a preferência por pedelecs, a escolha é influenciada pela presença de ciclovias/ciclofaixas, da lotação do ponto de ônibus da USP e das condições meteorológicas.
Planejamento e implantação de um programa de coleta seletiva: utilização de um sistema de informação geográfica na elaboração das rotas
Authors: Bernardo Marcella , Lima Renato da Silva
Published: November 2017

Resumo Com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) foi instituída a obrigatoriedade de implantação de programas de coleta seletiva e que tais programas sejam eficientes. Tanto na implantação como na melhoria de programas já existentes, deve-se analisar principalmente três questões: quem será o agente executor; qual a modalidade será utilizada e como realizar o planejamento eficiente das rotas de coleta. Uma maneira de otimizar as rotas de coleta é a utilização de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Assim, neste trabalho foi planejado e implementado um programa de coleta seletiva em São Lourenço, Minas Gerais, com a utilização de um SIG na elaboração das rotas. Hoje, duas rotas estão em funcionamento, possibilitando que toda a população do município seja atendida pelo programa de coleta seletiva. Além disso, percebe-se com o trabalho que a modalidade de coleta seletiva porta a porta não é a ideal no início da implantação e que a conscientização da população é a maior barreira para isto.
Dehiscences and fenestrations: methodological care necessary to avoid errors in diagnosis and measurement
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The low prevalence of gingival recessions observed in orthodontic clinical practice may be assigned to the fact that in studies in which dehiscences and bone fenestrations are described as frequent, they were diagnosed based on: 1) dry skull studies; 2) areas with periosteal reflection together with flap; and 3) imaging techniques with low sensitivity to detect these defects, which have a delicate structure and function. In areas of pseudo-dehiscences and fenestrations, the periosteum and the alveolar cortical bone are very thin; also, they either have been removed during preparation of the dry specimens in the areas for analysis, or, alternatively, have not been investigated using an ideal imaging method.
The effect of hard tissue surgical changes on soft tissue displacement: a pilot CBCT study
Authors: Koerich Leonardo , Brunetto Daniel Paludo , Ohira Eduardo Terumi Blatt
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: This pilot study had as main objective to test the reliability of a new method to evaluate orthognathic surgery outcomes and also, to understand the effect of hard tissue changes on soft tissue displacement. Methods: The sample consisted of eight patients that underwent bimaxillary advancement and had CBCT at two time points (before surgery and 6-8 months follow-up). Voxel-based cranial base superimposition was used to register the scans. A different technique of iterative closest point (ICP) was used to measure and correlate the changes. The average displacement of 15 areas (4 hard tissue and 11 soft tissue) were measured twice. Results: ICC was > 0.99 for all areas. Changes in the tip of the nose did not correlate with changes in any maxillary area, whereas soft tissue A point, A point and upper lips had correlation with several areas. The highest correlation for the maxilla was between the upper lip and the left/right supra cheilion (p< 0.001, r= 0.91 and p< 0.001, r= 0.93, respectively). In the mandible, the majority of the correlations involved soft tissue pogonion, pogonion and lower incisors, with the strongest one between pogonion and lower incisors (p< 0.001, r= 0.98). Conclusion: With the proper case selection, ICP is a reliable method that can be used to assess three-dimensional changes.
Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles incorporation on antibacterial properties and shear bond strength of dental composite used in Orthodontics
Authors: Sodagar Ahmad , Akhoundi Mohamad Sadegh Ahmad , Bahador Abbas , Jalali Yasamin Farajzadeh , Behzadi Zahra , Elhaminejad Farideh , Mirhashemi Amir Hossein
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plaque accumulation and bond failure are drawbacks of orthodontic treatment, which requires composite for bonding of brackets. As the antimicrobial properties of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been proven, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and mechanical properties of composite resins modified by the addition of TiO2 NPs. Methods: Orthodontics composite containing 0%, 1%, 5% and 10% NPs were prepared. 180 composite disks were prepared for elution test, disk agar diffusion test and biofilm inhibition test to collect the counts of microorganisms on three days, measure the inhibition diameter and quantify the viable counts of colonies consequently. For shear bond strength (SBS) test, 48 intact bovine incisors were divided into four groups. Composites containing 0%, 1%, 5% and 10% NPs were used for bonding of bracket. The bracket/tooth SBS was measured by using an universal testing machine. Results: All concentration of TiO2 NPs had a significant effect on creation and extension of inhibition zone. For S. mutans and S. sanguinis, all concentration of TiO2 NPs caused reduction of the colony counts. Composite containing 10% TiO2 NPs had significant effect on reduction of colony counts for S. mutans and S. sanguinis in all three days. The highest mean shear bond strength belonged to the control group, while the lowest value was seen in 10% NPs composite. Conclusions: Incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into composite resins confer antibacterial properties to adhesives, while the mean shear bond of composite containing 1% and 5% NPs still in an acceptable range.
Average interradicular sites for miniscrew insertion: should dental crowding be considered?
Authors: Tepedino Michele , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Masedu Francesco , Chimenti Claudio
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To define a map of interradicular spaces where miniscrew can be likely placed at a level covered by attached gingiva, and to assess if a correlation between crowding and availability of space exists. Methods: Panoramic radiographs and digital models of 40 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Interradicular spaces were measured on panoramic radiographs, while tooth size-arch length discrepancy was assessed on digital models. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate if interradicular spaces are influenced by the presence of crowding. Results: In the mandible, the most convenient sites for miniscrew insertion were in the spaces comprised between second molars and first premolars; in the maxilla, between first molars and second premolars as well as between canines and lateral incisors and between the two central incisors. The interradicular spaces between the maxillary canines and lateral incisors, and between mandibular first and second premolars revealed to be influenced by the presence of dental crowding. Conclusions: The average interradicular sites map hereby proposed can be used as a general guide for miniscrew insertion at the very beginning of orthodontic treatment planning. Then, the clinician should consider the amount of crowding: if this is large, the actual interradicular space in some areas might be significantly different from what reported on average. Individualized radiographs for every patient are still recommended.
Writing scientific manuscripts: most common mistakes
Authors: Faber Jorge
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT I have had the privilege of serving as editor-in-chief for 11 years of two scientific journals: The Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics and the Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. I had the opportunity to read and correct thousands of manuscripts. This experience was greatly enriching, because reading a text professionally completely differs from the perspective of readers in general. The routine practice of correcting manuscripts has made me realize that some errors recur frequently. To help authors to improve their manuscripts before submission, these problems are discussed here in the order that they appear in conventional manuscript sections.
Telenursing manual for providing care to patients using clean intermittent urinary catheterization
Authors: Souza-Junior Valtuir Duarte de , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Mazzo Alessandra , Santos Cristiano Alves dos , Andrade Elaine Maria Leite Rangel , Godoy Simone de
Published: November 2017

Abstract Objective: To develop and evaluate apparent and content validity of a telenursing manual to support nurses in the care delivery of patients using clean intermittent urinary catheterization. Methods: Methodological study addressing the development and validation of a telenursing manual. The expert group who validated the telenursing manual was composed of 11 nurses. An inter-rater level of agreement of 70% was considered for each aspect of the instrument. Results: The following levels of agreement were obtained for each aspect: Language 97%, Content 97.7% and Objectives, Relevance, Functionality and Usability 100% each. Conclusion: The manual is available for access and represents an important initiative for the field of telenursing in Brazil, assisting nurses in the telecare provided to patients using clean intermittent urinary catheterization.
Global stability analysis of reinforced concrete buildings using the γ z coefficient
Authors: VIEIRA V. V. S. , RODRIGUES JUNIOR S. J. , VELOSO L. A. C. M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract Global stability analysis is becoming increasingly important in the design of reinforced concrete buildings, especially in the slender ones, due its sensitivity to lateral displacement. The loss of stability is usually associated with the intensity of the second order effects and, in that sense, the gamma-z (γz) coefficient is an important evaluation parameter for this problem. This work aims to verify the γz efficiency as a global stability parameter based on the buckling load factors of the structures and their respective critical buckling modes. To this purpose, a comparative analysis is performed in several idealized structures, from which an approximate equation for calculating the critical load factor based on the γz coefficient is obtained. This equation was verified by numerical analysis of Finite Elements Method models of real reinforced concrete buildings. It was concluded that the proposed equation presents satisfying results within a certain range of γz.
In vitro evaluation of ivermectin, moxidectin, albendazole and pyrantel against cyathostomins of horses
Authors: Molento Marcelo Beltrão , Canever Ricardo José
Published: November 2017

Abstract Cyathostomins are the most prevalent nematodes of horses, and multidrug resistance has been reported worldwide. There is a need to implement alternative drug monitoring analytical tests. The objective of this study was to determine the consistency (5 repetitions) of the larval migration on agar test (LMAT) using ivermectin, moxidectin, pyrantel or albendazole against cyathostomin infective-stage larvae in eight different concentrations. LMAT showed a strong coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.91), between the test repetitions (n=5). The average 50% effective concentration (EC50) for ivermectin, moxidectin, pyrantel and albendazole were 0.0404, 0.0558, 0.0864 and 0.0988 nMol, respectively. The results of the EC50 for albendazole showed the greatest range of concentration. Ivermectin and moxidectin had the lowest in between-test variation. In the future, internationally certified susceptible isolates could be used for screening new drug candidates, or to follow up the pattern of drug efficacy from field populations.
Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
Authors: Lima Victor Fernando Santana , Ramos Rafael Antonio Nascimento , Lepold Raphael , Borges João Carlos Gomes , Ferreira Carlos Diógenes , Rinaldi Laura , Cringoli Giuseppe , Alves Leucio Câmara
Published: November 2017

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are important pathogens affecting animals, some of them are of medical and veterinary concern. Although the dynamic of parasitic infections is a complex phenomenon that has been studied under experimental conditions, it shows several gaps in knowledge, especially in insular regions where a confined population of animals and parasites co-exists. In this study was assessed the parasitism by endoparasite gastrointestinal in feral cats (n = 37) and rodents (n = 30) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; in addition, the risk of human infection and ecological implications of these findings were discussed. Out of all samples analysed, 100% scored positive for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in both feral cats and rodents. A total 17 genera and/or species of endoparasite gastrointestinal were identified, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula and Toxocara cati were the parasites more frequently in feral cats. In rodents Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris muris were parasites more frequently herein detected. Human population living in this area are at risk of parasite infections due to the population of rodents and feral cats in the archipelago.
“El espíritu de contrabando que reina por estas partes”. Comerciantes portugueses, misioneros y comercio ilícito en el piedemonte andino-amazónico, 1730-1790
Authors: González Sebastián Gómez
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Este artículo busca analizar las formas de interacción que los miembros de las ordenes misionales, especialmente franciscanos y jesuitas de Quito y Popayán, tuvieron con los comerciantes clandestinos venidos desde los dominios portugueses de América del Sur en el piedemonte andino-amazónico durante los años 1730 y 1790. De acuerdo a la desprotección militar de esta área de frontera, los misioneros tuvieron que buscar posibilidades para subsistir aunque sus actuaciones fueran claramente en contra de las políticas reformistas para la erradicación del contrabando. Según casos específicos se muestran cuáles fueron los desarrollos y las consecuencias del comercio ilícito y cómo la participación de los comerciantes portugueses en estas dinámicas ilegales nunca fue posible de erradicar debido a la complicidad de los misioneros.
The Effect of Message Content and Clinical Outcome on Patients' Perception of Physician Compassion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tanco Kimberson , Azhar Ahsan , Rhondali Wadih , Rodriguez-Nunez Alfredo , Liu Diane , Wu Jimin , Baile Walter , Bruera Eduardo
Published: November 2017

Background

In a previous randomized crossover study, patients perceived a physician delivering a more optimistic message (MO) as more compassionate and professional. However, the impact of the clinical outcome of the patient on patient's perception of physician's level of compassion and professionalism has not been previously studied. Our aim was to determine if the reported clinical outcome modified the patient's perception of physician compassion, professionalism, impression, and preference for physician.

Materials and Methods

One hundred twenty-eight advanced cancer patients in an outpatient Supportive Care Center were randomized to complete validated questionnaires about patients' perception of physician's level of compassion, professionalism, impression, and preference of physician for themselves and their family after watching scripted videos depicting a physician delivering an MO versus a less optimistic (LO) message followed by a clinical vignette depicting a worse outcome.

Results

Median age was 61 years and 55% were female. There was no difference in compassion score after the vignette in the MO and LO groups. However, there were significantly worse overall impression and professionalism scores in both the MO and LO groups after the vignette. In the MO group, preference for the physician for themselves and their family significantly decreased after the vignette.

Conclusion

Seeing a worse clinical outcome did not change the patients' appraisal of an inappropriately optimistic physician. However, it reduced the overall impression of both physicians that conveyed an MO or an LO message and it also resulted in less likelihood of choosing the MO physician for themselves and their family.

Implications for Practice

The study found that a patient's perception of a physician's compassion did not change after reading a vignette describing a negative clinical outcome, regardless of whether the physician had given a more or a less optimistic message to the patient. However, the results suggested that patients perceived worse professionalism and overall physician impression scores for both more and less optimistic physicians and lower likelihood to choose the more optimistic physician for themselves and their family.
Energy simulation of a nanofluid solar cooling system in Italy
Authors: Colangelo Gianpiero , Milanese Marco , de Risi Arturo
Published: November 2017

In this study, the performance of a solar cooling system, composed of a water–lithium bromide vapour absorption chiller fed by thermal solar flat-plate collectors and an external heater, has been investigated in Italy, pointing out the difference in heating energy saving related to the efficiency of the heat transfer fluid. In particular, two working fluids, water and nanofluid (3·0 vol% aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles in bidistilled water), have been simulated, showing a significant increment, up to 36·54%, of the heating energy saving, when the nanofluid was employed. Therefore, this work demonstrated that the working fluid can be a key factor for performance improvements in solar cooling systems. Furthermore, in view of the need to increase the efficiency of renewable energy systems, these results suggest the possibility of using nanofluids in several systems characterised by closed-loop working fluids, in order to improve their performance.
Generating human intestinal tissue from pluripotent stem cells in vitro. v1
Authors: KW McCracken , JC Howell , JM Wells , JR Spence
Published: November 2017

Here we describe a protocol for generating 3Dhumanintestinaltissues (calledorganoids) in vitro fromhumanpluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). To generateintestinalorganoids, pluripotent stem cells are first differentiated into FOXA2(+)SOX17(+) endoderm by treating the cells with activin A for 3 d. After endoderm induction, the pluripotent stem cells are patterned into CDX2(+) mid- and hindgut tissue using FGF4 and WNT3a. During this patterning step, 3D mid- or hindgut spheroids bud from the monolayer epithelium attached to the tissue culture dish. The 3D spheroids are further cultured in Matrigel along with prointestinal growth factors, and they proliferate and expand over 1-3 months to give rise tointestinaltissue, complete withintestinalmesenchyme and epithelium comprising all of the majorintestinalcell types. To date, this is the only method for efficiently directing the differentiation of hPSCs into 3Dhumanintestinaltissue in vitro.
Erenkon do circum-Roraima
Authors: Fiorotti Devair Antônio
Published: November 2017

Erenkon são cantos indígenas da região do circum-Roraima. Este trabalho apresenta duas variantes desses cantos: o parixara e o tukui. Essas músicas estão ancoradas em um complexo sistema artístico, que envolve dança, música, instrumentos, coreografia, pintura corporal e a letra dos cantos. A letra dos cantos é aqui o foco central de estudo. A partir delas, ele analisa a repetição presente nesses cantos, principalmente em seu caráter paralelístico. Objetiva, com isso, pensar uma estética da repetição como traço estruturante dessas composições, projetando inseri-las nos estudos contemporâneos de literatura. A metodologia de registro dos cantos ancora-se, principalmente, na História Oral e a análise, nos estudos comparativos e na interdisciplinaridade dos Estudos Culturais. Destaca-se a forte estética da repetição presente nos cantos, inserida em uma estrutura artística particular dos povos do circum-Roraima.
Reflexões éticas sugeridas por representações de fantasmas na literatura brasileira
Authors: Bignotto Cilza
Published: November 2017

A representação de fantasmas na ficção brasileira costuma se vincular à transmissão de valores morais ou ao seu questionamento ético. Este artigo analisa figuras de fantasmas presentes em obras literárias de José Justiniano Rocha, Bernardo Guimarães, Monteiro Lobato, Ronaldo Correia de Brito e Marcelo Ferroni. O objetivo principal é identificar as mudanças no modo de representar fantasmas e seus discursos em narrativas literárias, apresentando algumas hipóteses que vinculam essas mudanças a diferentes reflexões éticas sobre códigos morais existentes na sociedade brasileira.
responsabilidade e as respostas da poesia. Uma conversa com Marcos Siscar
Authors: Silveira Gustavo , Veras Eduardo Horta Nassif , Pinheiro Tiago Guilherme
Published: November 2017

Marcos Siscar (1964) é hoje, inegavelmente, um nome central para a literatura brasileira. Crítico, tradutor, editor, poeta e professor da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), ele é um dos maiores e mais ativos estudiosos da poesia entre nós, dedicando-se tanto à história do presente quanto aos autores e questões da tradição (não apenas do Brasil). Seu trabalho, múltiplo e inquieto, tem repercutido decisivamente na compreensão do fenômeno poético no país, seja pela densa rede conceitual armada com seus ensaios, seja por meio dos seus próprios poemas, que exploram formas e temas bastante particulares na cena lírica brasileira. Na entrevista a seguir – concedida a Gustavo Silveira Ribeiro, Tiago Guilherme Pinheiro e Eduardo Nassif Veras –, Siscar tem oportunidade de discorrer sobre a sua trajetória crítico-criativa, os temas fundamentais da sua obra, assim como sobre pontos-chave da produção e da história da poesia moderna, no Brasil e no Ocidente.
The Woman that Turned Into a Ball of Fire and Whipped Across the Sky at Night : Recreating History and Memory in the Diaspora
Authors: Alonso Alonso María
Published: November 2017

This paper is focused on interpreting the way in which writers belonging to the Caribbean Diaspora use folklore to investigate concepts like ‘time’, ‘space’ and ‘history’ in their ancestors’ culture which nowadays appears foreign to a them due to the transterritorialisation that they suffer. David Chariandy’s Soucouyant (2007) –among others– will be carefully analysed as an example of novel that uses a folkloric female figure to revise and rewrite the history of colonial and postcolonial women that were persecuted and discriminated against in their countries of origin due to gender and class prejudices. The result of this study suggests that, as Chariandy (2006) indicates, this community has developed tactics to transform even the most traumatic diasporic experiences into instruments of research on, in Umberto Eco’s words, “a past that if it cannot be destroyed, at least it is necessary to revisit it without naivety.” (Villanueva and Viña-Liste 1991: 36).
Aphorisms and Philosophy : Contextualizing Aphoristic Texts-Assumptions about Subject-Matter
Authors: Ángel Lara Marco A.
Published: November 2017

This article analyses two current beliefs about the subject matter and the text-context relation of aphorisms. It is a commonly claimed that aphorisms are philosophical texts and that aphorisms are texts that function in isolation from any context. My hypothesis is that, instead of being descriptions of textual features, these beliefs act as conventions that prepare the field of reference for contextualizing texts and thus trigger a proper generic reading for certain kinds of aphoristic text. By helping to demystify some of the technical means of aphoristic writing (whose results are frequently described as concentrated or distilled wisdom), this hypothesis will highlight the importance of allusiveness for the current mainstream of aphorisms,. From the perspective of this article, aphorisms appear more as certain kinds of textual parasites, feeding off ‘contextual wisdom’, rather than being philosophical pills from the “wisdom of the ages”.
Towards a Typology of Definitions for LSP Dictionaries
Authors: Arnos Kwary Deny
Published: November 2017

Definitions are the pivotal parts of dictionaries. Every lexicographer always strives to write definitions which are not only accurate but also comprehensible to dictionary users. Nevertheless, as shown in this paper, the definitions used in the current LSP dictionaries have not been able to suit the needs of their users. Therefore, it is necessary to create a typology of definitions for LSP dictionaries which can be referred to by lexicographers when writing definitions. The typology is created by implementing the lexicographical function theory which focuses on satisfying user needs. The typology takes into account both text production and text reception functions, as well as encyclopaedic and foreign language competences of the users. The proposed typology is expected to serve as a model which can be referred to by lexicographers when deciding on how to write definitions for LSP dictionaries in general, and ESP dictionaries in particular.
Propositional Gerunds in English and Spanish
Authors: Ojea Ana
Published: November 2017

This paper offers a characterization of Propositional Gerunds in English and Spanish that hinges on the different feature specification of the gerund morpheme in each language. I first propose an analysis of the construction in English as a defective clausal structure (AspP or TP), which can optionally project a [+N] feature in a GerP. Then I justify the same syntactic analysis for Spanish, but in this case the adverbial source of the V-ndo head prevents the projection of this nominal feature. My proposal is that most of the peculiarities of Propositional Gerunds in both languages actually follow from their defective structure and from the feature specification forced by the gerund suffix in each case. Along these lines I contrastively account for the syntactic positions in which a Propositional Gerund may appear, and also for its main structural characteristics, as the morphological Case of its subject or the (im)possibility of temporal/aspectual modification in the construction.
Discourse Markers as a Strategy of Code-Mixed Discourse in a Galician-Spanish-English Community
Authors: Pena Carmen
Published: November 2017

The present paper will try to study the point a specific bilingual community (Spanish-Galician-English in London) is at in the bilingual continuum, whether it is in transition to code mixing or rather there is an emergence of a mixed code, which we can infer from the use of functional elements such as discourse markers and interactional signs. The data consists of four conversations among Spanish/Galician/English bilinguals. All participants belong to the bilingual community under study and can be considered complete/full bilinguals (i.e. with fluency in all languages used). One of the key issues in the data is that there are significant patterns of discourse that were separated from markers framing it in language: English markers framing Spanish discourse. This is an indication of code mixing – where a structural pattern that has been grammaticised at the textual level can be perceived.
Armengol, Josep M. (ed.) 2011. "Men in color": Racialized Masculinities in U.S. Literatura and Cinema. New Castle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Authors: Díaz-Cuesta Galián José
Published: November 2017

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Coming Terms with 21st Century Bristish Politics : An interview with Toby Litt
Authors: Navarro Romero Betsabé , Litt Toby
Published: November 2017

English novelist and short story writer, Toby Litt is the author of the novels Beatniks: An English Road Movie (1997), Corpsing (2000), Deadkidsongs (2001), Finding Myself (2003), Ghost Story (2004), Hospital (2007), I Play the Drums in a Band Called Okay (2008), Journey into Space (2009), and King Death (2010). He is also known for his collections of short stories Adventures in Capitalism (1996) and Exhibitionism (2002). Toby Litt was nominated by Granta magazine as one of the 20 “Best of Young British Novelists” in 2003. He is an authorised voice among young writers deconstructing contemporary consumer society. In this interview, held at the University of Almería during the 34th AEDEAN Conference (11-13 November 2010), he provides an assessment of modern politics, shares his ideas concerning the recent political affairs in the UK, such as the ideological modernisation during the previous New Labour years or the latest social changes in Britain, and he finally examines the position of writers and intellectuals as regards to power and their political commitment.
Rater discrepancy in the spanish university entrance examination
Authors: Amengual Pizarro Marian
Published: November 2017

This study investigated the level of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of thirty-two raters in the evaluation of the composition subtest of the English Test (ET) in the Spanish University Entrance Examination (SUEE). Raters were asked to evaluate ten compositions holistically on two different scheduled data collection sessions (PRE and POST). The results show that although there are no significant differences between the holistic PRE and POST scores, there exists a substantial discrepancy across raters in relation to consistency and harshness of scoring. On the contrary, results reveal that, in general, raters are self-consistent in the evaluation of compositions. On the basis of these results, and given the way SUEE scores will affect the career of a candidate, it is believed that much more emphasis should be placed on establishing an acceptable level of inter-rater reliability in order to ensure that SUEE results are as fair and consistent as possible.
The changing role of "support" an "contiguity" : The hidden facet of the preposition "on" in Ols English
Authors: Guarddon Anelo Carmen
Published: November 2017

The simple relations model pervades most semantic treatments of the topological prepositions in, on and at. Concerning the preposition on, the pertinent literature has established two features, support and contiguity, which allegedly applies to all its uses. However, in Old English the preposition on categorises location in large geographic entities, i.e., nations. In the current paper we claim that such spatial relationships cannot be described in terms of support and contact and, therefore, the simple relations model is not adequate for a diachronic description of the preposition on. We also demonstrate that the selection restrictions that ruled the distribution of the prepositions in and on in Old English, in the locative relations derived from cognitive maps, are still partially active in present-day English. Thus, we conclude that the single relations model has to be reconsidered as a valid theoretical device to account for the current uses of the topological prepositions.
Wolves, sheep and "vatos locos" : reflections of gang activity in Chicano literature
Authors: Ibarraran Bigalondo Amaia
Published: November 2017

The difficult social and economical reality of many barrios in the city of Los Angeles, and the outgrowing anger provoked by this situation in many Chicano youngsters, has resulted in the emergence of a strong gang activity. Violence, crime and a deep sense of frustration lead the lives of the members of these groups, who, in an attempt to fight a system that does not count on them, choose to live the dark side of life. The gang, albeit its highly hierarchical system of organization, becomes the safe haven in which these angry young Chicanos seek for shelter and protection, in an often self-destructive way. Always Running (1993) by Luis J. Rodriguez and Locas (1997), by Yxta Maya Murray, expose the extreme and harsh existence of Chicano gangs, its internal and external fights for power, and the subsequent fatal consequences that these often provoke upon its members. The different visions of gang life, symbolized by their male and female protagonists, respectively, offer a rough, though extremely human vision of the dark side of the barrio.
Analysing stance in American and Spanish business management RAs : the case sentence-initial "retrospective labels"
Authors: Mur Dueñas María Pilar
Published: November 2017

When writing research articles (RAs), scholars can use certain lexico-grammatical traits that enable them to encode their attitudes, judgments and opinions, thus functioning as markers of stance. It is believed that sentenceinitial nouns preceded by a deictic -'retrospective labels' in Francis's terminology (1986, 1994)- can be considered one of those traits. The aim here is to explore whether there are any language-driven differences in the use of 'retrospective labels' as markers of stance within a particular disciplinary discourse, namely, Business Management. 'Retrospective labels' were analysed in a corpus of 12 Ras on the above-mentioned discipline, 6 in American English and 6 in Spanish. The focus is placed on the contrastive analysis of the frequency of use of these 'retrospective labels', the type of head nouns and modifiers which most frequently form part of them and the extent to which these 'retrospective labels' convey attitudinal meaning. As a general implication, it is believed that the differences drawn from analyses of this type should be borne in mind by Spanish Business Management scholars when writing their RAs in English.
A functional interpretation of locative prefixes in english
Authors: Sosa Acevedo Eulalia
Published: November 2017

This paper explores the adequacy of the Functional Lexematic Model (FLM) for the description and interpretation of bound lexical units with a special insight into the cognitive mechanisms underlying locative prefixation in English. The basic claim here will be that the FLM constitutes an adequate framework for the treatment of morphology as a dynamic rather than as a static encapsulated phenomenon in language and that, with the incorporation of a cognitive axis, the FLM facilitates access to the underlying properties and the structure of the lexicon.
Fostering Learner’s Critical Thinking Skills in EFL: Some Practical Activities
Authors: Harizaj Marsela , Hajrulla Veneranda
Published: November 2017

Developing student’s critical skills is one of the major concerns of foreign language teachers. Professional teachers and novice ones try to find ways to motivate their students. Developing communicative competence requires students to develop learning strategies and focus on language function and context. In every course assignments, learners understand and realize better that communication is not an easy thing. Developing accuracy and fluency in foreign language classes enhance students critical thinking too. However, What is critical thinking? What is the perception of learners about it? What communicative activities can foreign language teachers use in the classroom to enhance student’s critical thinking? These are some research questions that this paper brings in focus, from theory to practice. The study is based on observations in EFL classes. From observations, it was found that developing critical thinking skills help learners to enhance their communication, enlarge their vocabulary, and help them to learn how to use language for different purposes in a variety of contexts. Foreign language teachers can help learners develop critical thinking skills. In this paper, some suggestions for foreign language teachers to use practical activities to foster critical thinking will be presented. Thus, in English language learning and teaching contexts, critical thinking becomes more dynamic.
Las Escuelas Infantiles Mucipales (0-3 Años) Aproximación A Un Estudio De Calidad En Canarias
Authors: Pérez-Jorge David , Mena-Cruz Raquel , González-Herrera Ana Isabel , Gutiérrez-Barroso Josué
Published: November 2017

The panorama of kindergartens Canary, as a whole today, is uncertain due to lack of subsidies and as a result of the global crisis that took place in our country years ago. In addition, large cuts have been made and are still continuously used to make public administrations which affect sensitive way to education. Furthermore, we have analyzed the reality of municipal kindergartens of the Canary Islands. This analysis was done based on what we have considered to be a minimum quality criteria for the effective functioning of these services. Also, we have tried to catch a glimpse of the reality of these schools so as to offer the keys to a model of educational management. This however guarantees both the quality of service and the user’s satisfaction.
Analyse De L’impact Du Changement De La Couverture Végétale Sur La Pluie Et La Température De Surface Au Sénégal
Authors: Diba Ibrahima , Camara Moctar
Published: November 2017

This work aims at examining the potential impacts of vegetation change (reforestation) of the Sahel-Sahara interface on the intra-seasonal and interannual variability of the rainfall and surface temperature over Senegal using the RegCM4 model. Two runs were performed from 1990 to 2009 with a spatial resolution of 50 km (0.44 °): the standard version of the RegCM4 model (control version) and the reforested one (named RegCM4_REFORESTATION). The impact of the reforestation is to decrease the surface temperature over Senegal in summer (JJAS). This decrease could be partly due to a decrease of the sensible heat flux over the southern and central Senegal and a strong increase of the latent heat flux. The reforestation also tends to increase the rainfall over the whole country and particularly in the Southwest. This rainfall increase which can also create an evaporative cooling, is consistent with the decrease of the surface temperature. The analysis of the annual cycle over three domains of Senegal shows that the reforestation tends to strengthen the low-levels humidity of the atmosphere from January to December especially during the summer period in the North and in the center of the country. The surface temperature presents two maxima in April-May and October-November and a minimum during the summer. The reforestation has a cooling impact during the whole year (particularly in the summer) and over the center and the northern part of Senegal. At the interannual timescale, the reforestation modifies significantly the rainfall by generally increasing it. However, there are years in which this trend is not respected and this translates into a weak correlation coefficient in the South of the country. This rainfall increase may translates into extreme hydroclimatic events such as floods. This work can be considered as a support for the Senegalese policymakers for the better planning of the management of adverse potential effects (such as floods, drought, heat waves, etc) of the Sahel-Sahara greening effort.
Factores Psicosociales Que Intervienen En El Rendimiento Académico Estudio De Caso: Análisis A Estudiantes De La Carrera De Cultura Física Y Entrenamiento Deportivo
Authors: Sotomayor César Mario Rodríguez , Muñoz Darío Javier Díaz , Rovayo Víctor Daniel Aldas , Moreno Orlando David Mazón , Bravo Hernán Leopoldo Ponce
Published: November 2017

The objective of the present research was to analyze the psychosocial factors that intervene in the academic performance of the students in the race of physical culture and sports training of the “Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo” in the academic period from September 2014 to February 2015. The study sample was 72 students of a population of 97 students, 57 male and 15 female. The methodology of this study uses a cross-sectional research, quasi-experimental, qualitative-quantitative, bibliographic, and field research. Based on the collection of data, the instruments used were the academic record. A questionnaire was developed which served to identify the psychosocial factors of the students. Among the most relevant results, it was evidenced that out of 97 students corresponding to 100%, only 25, that is 25.77%, exceeded the required score to approve the semester. Therefore, 72 students representing 74.22% obtained lower score than required for approval. In conclusion, it was obtained that the psychosocial factors that influenced the academic performance of the students were: the always consumption of cigarettes representing 25%. On the other hand, 55.56% had difficulty in sometimes distributing their time adequately for educational tasks.
A Comparison of Playfulness Levels of the Secondary Students in Kayseri and Trabzon Cities
Authors: Hazar Muhsin , Beyleroglu Malik , Tingaz Emre Ozan , Gokyurek Belgin , Esenturk Oguz Kaan
Published: November 2017

The aim of the study is to draw a comparison of 11-14 age group secondary school students playfulness level to play games which consist of physical activity. It also aims to evaluate playfulness level in terms of various parameters. For this purpose, 11-14 age group students’ playfulness level were examined according to cities, gender, and ages. A total of 523 11- 14 year-old students, including 303 from Kayseri and 220 from Trabzon, and some various schools formed a study group for the research conducted in the relational model. “Playfulness scale for playing games that consist of physical activity of children of 10-14 age group” that was developed by Hazar (2014) was used in the data collection. Based on the research, the level of playfulness of the participants was found to be "good" at 3.40-4.19. Students living in Kayseri and Trabzon were found to have "good" in terms of social adaptation, wish to play game, wish to win, and in general. Students in Kayseri "good" level had a playfulness at "medium" level in Trabzon. Due to the comparison of male and female student scores, it was found that there was a significant difference in favor of male students in game play overall, game passion, and risk taking dimensions. Girls are more likely to have social adaptation, playfulness, and a meaningful difference generally. Also, girls who live in Kayseri are more likely to be students. They wish to play game, social adaptation, wish to win, and risk taking. Meaningful differences can however be seen based on the scores of the 11 and 12 year students.
Les Altérations Hydrothermales Associées À La Minéralisation Aurifère Du Gisement De Dougbafla (District d’Oumé-Hiré, Centre-Ouest De La Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Sidik Ouattara Aboubakar , Yacouba Coulibaly , Fossou J-L. H. Kouadio
Published: November 2017

The Dougbafla gold deposit is located in the West-Central part of Côte d’Ivoire at about 240 km from Abidjan, on the Birimian greenstone belt of Fettèkro (West African craton). The lithologies of this deposit can be divided into three lithotectonic units which correspond to volcanic, sedimentary, and plutonic assemblages metamorphosed in the shale facies. Hydrothermalism, on the one hand, caused a pervasive alteration of the primary paragenesis marked by sericitic, silica, and carbonate alteration. On the other hand, it causes a vein alteration materialized by quartz veins. These hydrothermal alterations induced two types of gold mineralization in the Dougbafla deposit. These are: (i) disseminated gold and sulphide mineralization in the granophyre associated with sericite, silica and dolomite alteration in which no quartz vein has been reported; this type however is controlled by the intrusion of granophyre and (ii) a quartz vein mineralization controlled by deformation.