bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M5X4 - A Family of MXenes
Authors: Downes Marley , Shuck Christopher , Lord Robert , Anayee Mark , Shekhirev Mikhail , Wang Ruocun , Hryhorchuk Tetiana , Dahlqvist Martin , Rosen Johanna , Gogotsi Yury
Published: June 2023

MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides typically synthesized from layered MAX-phase precursors. With over 50 experimentally reported MXenes and a near-infinite number of possible chemistries, MXenes are the fastest-growing family of 2D materials. They offer a wide range of properties, which can be altered by their chemistry (M, X, Tx) and the number of metal layers in the structure, ranging from two in M2XTx to five in M5X4. Only one M5X4Tx MXene, Mo4VC4, has been reported. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two new phase-pure M5AX4 mixed transition metal MAX-phases, (TiTa)5AlC4 and (TiNb)5AlC4, and their successful topochemical transformation into (TiTa)5C4Tx and (TiNb)5C4Tx MXenes. The resulting MXenes were delaminated into single-layer flakes, analyzed structurally, and characterized for their thermal and optical properties. This establishes a family of M5AX4 MAX phases and their corresponding MXenes. These materials were experimentally produced based on guidance from theoretical predictions, opening the door to exciting new applications for MXenes.
Post-covid inflation dynamics: higher for longer
Authors: Verbrugge Randal J. , Zaman Saeed
Published: June 2023

We implement a novel nonlinear structural model featuring an empirically-successful frequency-dependent and asymmetric Phillips curve; unemployment frequency components interact with three components of core PCE – core goods, housing, and core services ex-housing – and a variable capturing supply shocks. Forecast tests verify model’s accuracy in its unemployment-inflation tradeoffs, crucial for monetary policy. Using this model, we assess the plausibility of the December 2022 Summary of Economic Projections (SEP). By 2025Q4, the SEP projects 2.1 percent inflation; however, conditional on the SEP unemployment path, we project inflation of 2.9 percent. A fairly deep recession delivers the SEP inflation path, but a simple welfare analysis rejects this outcome.
Holy Martyr Ioann Kochurov: Years in America
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Pechatnov Val. V. , Pechatnov V. O. ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2023

The article explores the American period in life and service of Holy Martyr Ioann Kochurov (1895–1907). This formative period for Fa. Kochurov when he grew up as a priest, missionary and a church leader remains relatively unexplored due to a lack of sources originating from the man himself (except for a couple of his writings in “American Orthodox Messenger” and few letters written to relatives at home). The newly available documents from the Library of Congress Manuscript Division (Alaskan Russian Church Archive) fill this void. They consist mostly of Kochurov’s own regular reports to his superiors (bishops Nickolay and Tikhon, as well as a dean of New York deanary Nedzel’nitsky) and provide a vivid picture of his multiple activities: missionary, parish life, church building and diocese responsibilities. These documents shed a new light on Fa. Kochurov’s relationships with his superiors as well as his overall contribution to the development of Alaskan and Aleutian diocese which reached its peak under Bishop Tikhon’s guidance. The new documentary evidence also reveals Holy Martyr’s personal traits – his deep devotion to the Orthodox mission in America, his integrity and courage of Christian convictions which ultimately led to his martyrdom in 1917.
El patrimonio natural y territorial. De la protección a la gestión y regeneración del paisaje cultural
Authors: Capel Horacio
Published: June 2023

En la protección del patrimonio se partió de los monumentos de valor histórico y artístico, y se amplió posteriormente al conjunto de edificios históricos de las ciudades. Más adelante se extendió al territorio y al paisaje, así como a aspectos inmateriales e intangibles. Dicha ampliación plantea muchos problemas, entre ellos de gestión.

Dos líneas de desarrollo del concepto de patrimonio han tenido que ver, por un lado, con el medio natural y, por otro, con el territorio y el paisaje. La creación de parques naturales y la extensión del patrimonio a la agricultura y a los espacios rurales han sido decisivos en esa dirección.
Retorno a Campo Verano
Authors: Delgado Orusco Eduardo
Published: June 2023

El reciente enterramiento de Javier Carvajal Ferrer en el Panteón de los Españoles de Roma –del que fue su arquitecto junto a José María García de Paredes mediada la década de los cincuenta– presta pertinencia a una revisita a esta pequeña instalación, cuyos criterios de proyecto contribuyeron a asentar la refundación de la arquitectura moderna en España tras la década de posguerra, identificada con carácter general por una cierta involución histórico-casticista. La ubicación geográficamente periférica de la Academia de España en Roma, entorno próximo de este ejercicio, y del contexto italiano en general, ayudó a la configuración de un proyecto con marcado carácter experimental lo que no haría sino acrecentar el interés de la revisita propuesta en este artículo. Se trata de una de las primeras obras construidas por sus autores pero que, no obstante, ofrece claves interpretativas de sus respectivas obras futuras, ya fueran en solitario o en equipo otra vez.
Dispersión visual y nuevas sinestesias: consideraciones sobre el Blur Building
Authors: Pandolfini Eugenio
Published: June 2023

Algunos proyectos, como el Blur Building de Diller+Scofidio, son edificios complejos que se distancian de los modelos mecanicistas para referirse a nuevos paradigmas. Éstos se pueden comprender e interpretar mejor gracias a un análisis perceptivo que aproxima dicho proyecto a cuestiones como la relación psicológica del hombre con la arquitectura, el miedo al espacio y las patologías vinculadas a la percepción y a las neurosis modernas. Diller+Scofidio han creado un pabellón que sólo se puede percibir de cerca a través del tacto, con el cuerpo, y no con la vista, desarrollando así nuevas relaciones con el contexto y con los usuarios. De esta manera, envolviendo los ámbitos arquitectónicos de una interfaz abstracta y táctil, los arquitectos neoyorquinos imponen a los visitantes una limitación del sentido de la vista, a favor de una dimensión háptica del proyecto. Profundizando en estas cuestiones, el artículo acaba con algunas reflexiones sobre el concepto de sublime que, en sus declinaciones perceptivas, parece ser una clave de lectura ideal para medirse con la complejidad de este proyecto y tal vez para afrontar otros proyectos contemporáneos que, como el Blur Building, resisten a soluciones canónicas y a herramientas de investigación tradicionales.
Mecanicismo en el primer tercio del siglo XX. Innovación y resonancias
Authors: Cano-Lasso Pintos Diego
Published: June 2023

Es en las primeras décadas del siglo XX cuando se produce el paso de lo figurativo a lo abstracto, de la realidad a la i-realidad o lo que está intelectualizado. Se considera que, tanto en Ciencia como en Arte, es uno de los momentos históricos más importantes de la era moderna; momento en que se produce una transformación dimensional profunda del lenguaje y de las técnicas, derivado, y no es casualidad, de nuevos descubrimientos científicos de gran trascendencia para el acontecer futuro. La realidad técnica ha suscitado sensaciones nuevas y ha podido activar sensibilidades fundadas en criterios de precisión mecánica derivadas de aspectos mecánico-científicos del momento. ¿Supondría esto afirmar que la experiencia técnica o maquinista ha sido asimilada por la sensibilidad artística, expresión introducida por T.S. Eliot en 1929, sostenida por Lewis Mumford en 1934 y consolidada por Siegfried Giedion en 1941; y viceversa, que las técnicas mecanicistas han asimilado la sensibilidad creativa?
NIKOS A. SALINGAROS - Antiarquitectura y deconstrucción: El triunfo del nihilismo
Authors: Vallespín Aurelio
Published: June 2023

NIKOS A. SALINGAROSMadrid: Mairea, 2014, 312 págs.Idioma: castellano
Once palabras para acercarse al vidrio
Authors: Rubio Hernández Rosana
Published: June 2023

Este escrito se centra en una de las materias que han intervenido, especialmente en los dos últimos siglos, de una forma ambigua, compleja y elusiva en la construcción de lo que Heidegger denomina “fronteras”: el vidrio. Y en cómo esas fronteras de vidrio, gracias a sus propiedades ópticas (a la interacción de la luz y la visión, con el vidrio como mediador entre ambas), contribuye a desencadenar una serie de situaciones, fenómenos y sensaciones, que desbordan el estudio del material desde un punto de vista meramente científico. Hemos elegido reflexionar sobre once palabras (fantasmagoría, extrañamiento, jerarquía, intimidad, seducción, ensimismamiento, silencio, tiempo, desmaterialización, materialización, invisibilidad) y acompañar la reflexión con una serie de fotografías y fotogramas, que nos ayudan a aproximarnos a cómo la arquitectura hace uso de algunas de las cualidades más inaprensibles de este material paradójico, derivadas del manejo de dos de sus de sus propiedades: la transparencia y la reflectancia; propiedades que en ocasiones se emplean de forma premeditada, y que otras veces se activan de forma imprevista. Para concluir que el vidrio es sólo un medio que expresa o refleja algunas de las inquietudes humanas y que éstas, exceden la naturaleza física del material.
Legacies of the South Korean Mass Housing
Authors: Brossa Marc
Published: June 2023

The mass housing policies of the South Korean developmental state during the second half of the 20th century managed to overturn the traditional preference for single-storey housing in less than one generation. The exponential growth of the GDP since 1961 occurred hand in hand with the consolidation of apartment complexes as the default element of city-making and as the default domestic setting. As a result, they today are the residential choice of more than 50% of the population of Seoul. Not only have housing estates addressed the chronic housing shortage present in the capital since the 1920s, but they have also been a key element in the fast urbanization of the country and in the formation of a new urban middle class. Nowadays, there are evidences that the socio-economic model which supported the emer- gence and generalization of mass housing estates in Seoul has changed, questioning the very durability of the model. The objectives of the article are twofold. Initially, it describes the particularities of the Korean mass housing policy, the reasons for its success despite being perceived as a failure in the West, and its shared characteristics with other East Asian developmental regimes. Secondly, it discusses its legacy, both in terms of the know-how that Korean construction companies are trying to export to developing countries, but also in terms of the consequences which the maintenance of this large built urban stock will hold in the near future.
Il quartiere come occasione di urbanità. L’esperienza olandese di Bakema e van den Broek
Authors: Salvetti Manuele
Published: June 2023

Numerosi quartieri costruiti in Europa dal secondo dopoguerra hanno cercato di rispondere alla crescita demografica costruendo nuovi spazi urbani attraverso un uso della forma che non sempre è riuscita a declinare la piccola scala dell’abitare con quella più ampia in rapporto al territorio. L’immagine che ne è derivata è stata quella di megastrutture mancanti della scala umana, sperimentazioni formali che hanno spesso portato alla costruzione di ghetti sociali, luoghi problematici dell’abitare e ferite ancora aperte nel corpo della città. Al contrario, gli interventi progettuali di Bakema e van den Broek, costruiti nel territorio olandese negli stessi anni, rappresentano ancora oggi spazi abitati di qualità, in quanto sono riusciti a condensare le diverse scale dell’abitare in un elemento urbano ripetuto e variato per generare una forma insediativa: l’unità minima complessa. Quali sono le differenze tra i diversi quartieri? In che modo la cultura condivisa del movimento moderno è riuscita a produrre episodi così distanti? Questo articolo cerca di mettere in risalto, attraverso l’analisi dell’esperienza dei due architetti olandesi, uno strumento progettuale ancora in grado di generare qualità dello spazio urbano e di individuare una potenziale strategia di intervento nella città contemporanea.
PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK KERAJINAN DARI ANYAMAN BAMBU DI DESA BABUSSALAM KECAMATAN GERUNG KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Rizki Cahaya , Mulyati Eva , Kurnia Kurnia , Hardiana Baiq Nurlaela , Hidayat Rahmat , Safitri Ingka , Busro Busro , Apriyulianti Safira , Agustina Baiq Rufaida , Rubiyanti Rubiyanti
Published: June 2023

The role of the creative industry is believed to be capable of becoming the newest economic axis in Indonesia and even becoming the backbone of the national economy. In the industrial era 4.0, Internet connectivity is something that cannot be separated in all fields. Given this, it is only appropriate for MSMEs to adapt various important things so that they are able to take advantage of the Industrial 4.0 era properly. In accordance with the objectives of the Babussalam Village Integrated KKN community service activities with the Desapreneur theme, namely to advance the village's creative economy. The method used in this community service activity is participatory action research through training, learning, Demonstration plots (Demplots) and ongoing mentoring and collaboration with the community in East Bermi hamlet. While the technique used in this activity is the weaving technique to get a craft product from woven bamboo. Before woven bamboo is formed into caterpillars which are used for weaving. The output produced in the implementation of Unram's KKN-PLP activities for the period December - February 2023 is in the form of knowledge of developing new innovations about how many hampers bamboo woven crafts are, and the community also knows how to promote techniques for the resulting woven bamboo products.
Pelatihan Penanganan Siswa Berkesulitan Belajar Di SDN 4 Bajur Kota Mataram
Authors: Widodo Arif , Karma I Nyoman , Nisa Khairun , Amrullah Lalu Wira Zain , Syazali Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Siswa berkesulitan belajar perlu mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat agar mendapat hasil belajar yang optimal. Guru diharapkan memiliki kemampuan yang memadai untuk melakukan deteksi awal dan penanganan terhadap siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di SDN 4 Bajur kota Mataram ditemukan fakta bahwa masih ada guru yang belum memiliki kemampuan yang memadai dalam melakukan penanganan siswa berkesulitan belajar. Implikasinya adalah layanan belajar terhadap siswa berkesulitan belajar tidak maksimal. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut perlu dilakukan pelatihan kepada guru bagaimana melakukan penanganan terhadap siswa berkesulitan belajar. Tujuan dari kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam melakukan penanganan siswa berkesulitan belajar. Lokasi kegiatan pelatihan di SDN 4 Bajur kota Mataram. Adapun peserta dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah guru dan kepala sekolah. Tahapan pelatihan terbagi menjadi dua sesi yaitu sesi pendalaman materi dan sesi simulasi. Pada tahap pendalaman materi guru diajarkan bagaimana melakukan asessmen diagnostic hingga memberikan bantuan belajar kepada siswa dengan kesulitan belajar. Pada tahap simulasi guru diberi kesempatan untuk mempraktekkan materi yang didapatkan agar keterampilan guru dalam melakukan penangnan siswa berkesulitan belajar dapat meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi pasca kegiatan pelatihan terdapat peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melakukan penanganan siswa berkesulitan belajar, baik dari segi penguasaan materi maupun dari segi praktek. Dengan adanya peningkatan kompetensi guru tersebut diharapkan penanganan kesulitan belajar siswa di SDN 4 Bajur dapat berjalan sesuai harapan, sehingga siswa dengan kesulitan belajar dapat mendapatkan layanan belajar yang maksimal.
Strip and intercropping of rainfed finger millet with grain and vegetable legumes for sustaining productivity and soil health
Authors:   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, K RAMAMOORTHY , A CHRISTOPHER LOURDURAJ ,   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, S ALAGUDURAI ,   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, O S KANDASAMY ,   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Field experiments were conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif and rabi season of 2000-2003 under rainfed condition to study the effect of strip and intercropping of legumes on finger millet productivity. The treatments included the base crop of finger millet (CO 13) with strip and intercropping of pigeon pea, grain cowpea, green gram and vegetable cowpea and compared with farmers practice of broad casting finger millet in the 1.5 m space and two rows of pigeon pea. The results revealed that the higher finger millet grain yield of 2015 kg ha and straw yield of 6135 kg hat were recorded with intercropping of finger millet (CO 13) with vegetable cowpea (CO 4) at 8:2 ratio. Highest net return (Rs.15984 ha) and B:C ratio (4.18) was recorded with inter cropping of finger millet (CO 13) with pigeon pea CO 5. Legumes under strip cropping recorded higher vegetable yield than under intercropping systems.
Effect of sources, concentration and frequencies of B application on the petiole nutrient content in graphs (Vitis vinifera) cv. Muscat.
Authors:   Department of Crop Management, ADAC & RI,Trichy., D JANAKI , V VELU ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P SAVITHRI ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

A field expetiment was conducted at Mathampatti to study the effect of B spray on the petiole nutrient content of the grapes at full bloom stage. The study revealed that N, P, K content of the potiole increased with B application while a depressive effect was noticed on Ca content. Micronutrients like Cu, B, Zn and Fe I content were also found to increase with B application.
Development and Evaliation of Trolley Mounted Cotton Picker
Authors:   Dept of Farm Machinery Agrl. Engg.College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641003., M MUTHAMILSELVEN , K RANGASAMY ,   Dept of Farm Machinery Agrl. Engg.College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641003., C DIVAKER DURAIRAJ ,   Dept of Farm Machinery Agrl. Engg.College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641003.
Published: June 2023

Harvesting is one of the major labour intensive operations in cotton cultivation. Since cotton varieties used in our country require picking at several stages, the using of mechanical pickers is not feasible. Therefore pneumatic pickers were thought of. The dimensions of machine parameters viz. pick up pipe diameter, filter type, filter height, capacity of collection drum and speed of aspirator were varied and they were optimized through statistical analysis. The combination of 25 mm diameter pick up pipe, nylon mesh filter, 300 mm height drum were optimised. The maximum speed of aspirator i.e., 3500 rpm was also optimised. It was found that the field capacity in first picking (4.93 kg/h) was lesser than third picking (5.07 kg/b). The picking efficiency was less in first picking (96.35 %) and more in third picking (97.48%). The trash content was observed as maximum of 15.75 per cent in third picking done by machine. Energy consumption for the pickers was 1910.9068.28 kCal/day. Sound pressure created by picker is 86.22 db.
Design Requirements of farm tools for women based on ergonomic principles
Authors:   LiveStock Research station,Kerala Agricultural university, Thiruvazamkunnu palakad district,Kerala, SAM BINI
Published: June 2023

Most of the farming operations in India are being done by small farmers with women contributing upto 60 per cent of labour. The tools used being basically meant for male workers are very heavy for women resulting higher workload and increased discomfort to them. Higher energy demand and increased drudgery created by the tools develop stresses, which affects the safety and health of the women. This paper examines a few of farm tools used by women and, based on ergonomic aspects, quantifies the inadequacies of such tools with respect to energy expenditure and their body (anthropometric) dimensions. This would greatly help the researchers to appropriately design simple and labour effective gadgets considering ergonomic requirements. Such designs of tools would not only minimize drudgery of the women but also increase productivity at reduced expenditure levels.
Development and testing of lab model mango slicer and cube cutter for pickle industry
Authors:   Section of Agricultural Engeering, Indian Institute of Horticulturel Research, Hessaraghatte lake Poat,Bengalore 560 089., C NEHRU , KUMARAN SENTHIL ,   Section of Agricultural Engeering, Indian Institute of Horticulturel Research, Hessaraghatte lake Poat,Bengalore 560 089.
Published: June 2023

Pickling is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. The major unit operations involved in pickle making are slicing and cutting, brining, salting and processing and pasteurization operations. In India, manual labour is used for slicing and cutting operations. The mangoes are available only for a short period. Hence hiring labour for short period is difficult due to labour scarcity and incurs higher cost. Also manual cutting is unhygienic. Hence, lab model mango slicer and cube cutter were developed for mechanizing the cutting operations in a Pickle industry. The capacity and efficiency of the mango slicer and cube cutter are 500 Kg/hr, 100 Kg/hr and 80 per cent, 86 per cent respectively. The cost of operation of cutting of mango into cubes has reduced from Rs. 352/tonne to Rs.192/tonne compared to manual cutting. The mechanical cutting is faster to handle larger quantities of mango in shorter period. It is also hygienic. Hence, these machines are very useful for pickle industries having processing capacity of 1 tonne/day.
Pseudomones fluorescens (FP7) amended with chitin bioformulation for the management of anthracnose pathogen in mango cultivatar Alphonso
Authors:   Dept.of Plant Pathology,, tamil Nadu Agrl University Cbe 3, R VIVEKANANTHAN , M RAVI ,   Dept.of Plant Pathology,, tamil Nadu Agrl University Cbe 3, G V SIBLE ,   Dept.of Plant Pathology,, tamil Nadu Agrl University Cbe 3, V PRAKASAM ,   Dept.of Plant Pathology,, tamil Nadu Agrl University Cbe 3, R SAMIYAPPAN ,   Dept.of Plant Pathology,, tamil Nadu Agrl University Cbe 3
Published: June 2023

Certain Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and yeast antagonists were evaluated against mango anthracnose incited by Colletotorichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Among the antagonists, Pseudomonas fluorescens (FP7) significantly reduced the in vitro growth of C. gloeosporioides. For field evaluation, commercial cultivar Alphonso was selected. Talc-based bioformulations with and without chitin amendment were prepared and sprayed at 15 days and 30 days intervals. The spray was initiated from pre-flowering stage with a concentration of 0.5%. Among the bioformulations, P. fluorescens (FP7) amended with chitin sprayed at 15 days intervals was found to be significant in reducing the anthracnose incidence and subsequently increased panicle number, mean number of fruits and fruit yield.
Nucleic acid studies in the phylogenies and strain identification of cyanobacterial taxa
Authors:   DEpt of Environmental Sciences, & Agrl. Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003, A LAKSHMANAN , K KUMAR ,   DEpt of Environmental Sciences, & Agrl. Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: June 2023

Cyanobacteria though traditionally have been distinguished on the basis of phenotypic properties, structure and physiology, employment of molecular biological methods results in greater phylogenetic resolution than the use of morphological data alone. Recently, molecular sequence analyses have been viewed as highly superior to structure-based phylogenies in cyanobacteria. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) analyses have been used to evaluate intergeneric, interspecific and intraspecific variation in algae. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms have been used extensively as an efficient DNA fingerprinting method to identify symbiotic cyanobacteria. The RAPD technique in conjunction with PCR has been employed to identify cyanobacterial groups to the strain level of classification. The choice of primers with high G+C content provided good DNA profiles at a low concentration. Neilan (1995) reported the use of RAPD-PCR to generate uniqueness in phylogenetic analysis of toxic cyanobacteria. Lakshmanan and Kumar (2003) employed RAPD-PCR technology using decamer and tandem repeat primers to identify the cyanobacterial cultures of the composite inoculum upto strain level by detecting the genetic heterogeneity. One area in which a significant application has been developed recently is in the phylogenetic characterization of natural cyanobacterial communities by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The use of DNA-DNA hybridizations as a tool in cyanobacterial phylogeny was pioneered by Stam (Stam and Venema, 1975 and Stam, 1980). ITS sequencing has been used commonly in intrageneric phylogenetic studies of algae. Peters (1997) used ITS sequences to compare species within the widespread algal family Desmarestiaceae.
Almanac study on forecasting annual rainfall
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R RAJA , T N BALASUBRAMANIAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R KARTHIKEYAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

An analysis was taken up to find out the validity of forecasting annual rainfall by using Tamil almanac information and 90 years (1909-1999) historical rainfall data of Coimbatore. The results revealed that the annual rainfall of a particular Tamil year in a cycle was not the same for the corresponding Tamil year in the fourth- coming cycle and one can expect an opposite event. There was no correlation between occurrence of rainfall at specific dates and total annual rainfall. Between dates of rainfall within a Tamil year had correlation.
Effect of times of sowing and nutrient levels on growth , yield attributes and yield of dryland sorghum varities
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R RAJA , T N BALASUBRAMANIAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Field experiments conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in dryland Vertisols during North-East Monsoon (NEM) seasons of 1999 and 2000 to investigate the performance of sorghum varieties under different sowing times and levels of nitrogen and phosphorus revealed that the variety CSV 15 sown before the receipt of monsoon rainfall during 1999 NEM season with 60:30:0 kg N: PO: K,O ha had registered enhanced growth attributes and produced carheads with higher number of grains and in turn registered higher grain yield. The resource use efficiencies were also higher with CSV 15 sown before the receipt of monsoon rainfall resulting in high B:C ratio. During 2000 NEM season, sowing of CSV 15 before the receipt of monsoon rainfall with 40:20:0 kg N: P,O,: K,O ha produced appreciable growth attributes and produced lengthier earheads with more number of grains and finally recorded higher grain yield. The resource use efficiencies and B:C ratio were also higher for this combination.
Organics in the improvement of nutrient use efficiencies in white ponni
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R V SELVI , P SUBRAMANIAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, K R LATHA ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R KALPANA ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi seasons on 1996-97 and 1997-98 to study the sustainability of rice cv. White ponni to green manuring and N and K levels. The grain and straw yields obtained from green manuring along with the application of 50 per cent of the recommended N and K and application of 100 per cent N and K applied alone were on par with each other. Agronomic efficiency of the applied N and K were higher in green manuring with 50 per cent of the recommended N and K. However, non-green manured treatments recorded higher physiological efficiency than green manured treatments. The treatments with green manuring registered positive nutrient balance compared to non-green manuring.
Induced chlorophyll and macro-mutational spectrum and frequency in sesame cv.B 67
Authors:   inectorate of Research,Orissa University of Agri.and Tech..,Bhubaneswar 751 003, U C KAR , D SWAIN ,   inectorate of Research,Orissa University of Agri.and Tech..,Bhubaneswar 751 003
Published: June 2023

Seed treatment of sesame cv.B67, with EMS, NG, Gamma rays, Gamma rays EMS and Gamma rays+ NG induced five types of chlorophyll mutations and 17 types of viable macro-mutations in M,. Chlorophyll mutation frequency was the highest in 900 Gy gamma rays for single mutagen treatments and in 700 Gy + 0.04% NG for combined treatments. Macro-mutational frequencies for single and combined treatments were the highest in 0.25% EMS and 700 Gy 0.02% NG, respectively. Relative difference in mutability of gene loci for chlorophyll and macro-mutations with respect to different mutagens were clearly observed.
Studies on the sensitivity of Azolla species to rice herbicides
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, N SENTHIL KUMAR , R JAYAKUMAR ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

Laboratory and green house experiments were conducted during 2002 to find out the sensitivity of different Azolla species to rice herbicides. From the screening experiment in the laboratory, three herbicides viz. anilofos 0.4 kg ha', butachlor 1.25 kg ha and clomazone 0.3 kg ha and four species of Azolla viz., A. microphylla, A. filiculoides, TNAU hybrid and Rong Ping hybrid at 500 kg ha were chosen and compared independently and in different combinations in the pot culture experiment. Rice var. CO 47 was raised under green house conditions and the experiment was carried out under FRBD with 3 replications. The growth, yield and yield parameters were recorded after imposing the treatments. The results revealed that combination of clomazone 0.3 kg ha and A. microphylla performed significantly superior with respect to plant growth, yield attributes and yield. Among the herbicides tried, clomazone application at 03 kg ha¹ showed an increase in plant growth characters, yield attributes and yield. Between the individual Azolla species, A. microphylla recorded the highest grain yield and was on par with A. filiculoides.
Efficacy of long -term integrated plant nutrient management on importan soil properties of an Inceptisol
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, D SELVI , P SANTHY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M DHAKSHINAMOORTHY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

A long-term field experiment conducted since 1972 on Vertic Ustropep indicated that application of 10 t ha-1 of farmyard manure along with 100 per cen NPK recorded significantly lower bulk density. Farm yard manure application wit 100 per cent inorganics increased the hydraulic conductivity, water stable aggregates porosity and water holding capacity. There was increase in CEC, organic carbon an total N content of soil due to incorporation of organics with inorganics. There wa no marked changes in soil pH and EC due to various treatments. Available major and micronutrients increased significantly when organics was incorporated along with inorganic sources of nutrients
Effect of integrated phosphorus management on rice yield, grain quality and total uptake of nutrients
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M MALARKODI , P SINGARAM ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of Jhabua rock phosphate (JRP) in combination with single super phosphate (SSP), farmyard manure (FYM) and phosphobacteria (PB) on quality parameters and total nutrient uptake of rice crop (Co 43) in clay loam soil. Combined application of JRP and SSP in 1:1 ratio along with FYM (12.5 t ha¹) and PB significantly increased the grain yield, quality parameter like crude protein content and total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over application of 100 per cent JRP alone but comparable with application of 100 per cent SSP alone.
Field performance of differentially aged seeds using seed and plan leaf extracts on seed yield and quality of paddy variety IR 20
Authors:   Dept of Plant Breed and Genetics, Agricultural College and Res..Insti..,MAdurai 625 104 Tamil Nadu, K KRISHNAVENI
Published: June 2023

Studies on the field performance of differentially aged seeds using seed and plant leaf extracts on seed yield and quality of paddy variety IR 20 revealed that the effect of accelerated ageing mimicked the natural ageing as was observed through reduction in germination, seedling length and drymatter production after hydration-dehydration either with water or using blackgram seed leachate (1:1) for 8 and dried back to original moisture content. The effect of ageing could be alleviaed through this treatment and this was reflected on enhancement of plant height, number of tillers/plant, days to 50% flowering, panicle length and other yield parameters.
Effect of plant products on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease of mango fruits
Authors:   Department of Planet Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore 641 003., K PRABAKAR , P MUTHULAKSHMI ,   Department of Planet Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore 641 003., T RAGUCHANDER ,   Department of Planet Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore 641 003., V K PARTHIBAN ,   Department of Planet Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore 641 003.
Published: June 2023

The effect of plant extracts on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease of mango fruits tested under in vitro conditions. Twenty six plant extracts belonging to 21 families were tested for the effect on mycelial growth and conidial germination of the pathogen. The plant extracts of Adenocalyma alleaceum and Bougainvillea spectabilis were most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth completely upto tenth day. The conidial germination was recorded at different intervals upto 24 h. As observed in mycelial growth there was no conidial germination in Adenocalyma alleaceum and Bougainvillea spectabilis.
Historical, geographical and medical rescue pequi Caryocar coriaceum Wittm
Authors: Oliveira Cleide C. de , Oliveira Mauro S. , Freitas Priscilla R. , Borges João A. O. , Menezes Irwin R. A. de , Duavy Sandra M. P.
Published: June 2023

The Caryocar coriaceum is a species of native cerrado plant of the Chapada, Araripe and its fruit is popularly known as pequi. The pequi pulp oil has a high nutritional value, rich in oleic acid and is used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and healing. The study aims to obtain information in PubMed databases from 2009 to 2014 using as descriptors Caryocar coriaceum, pequi, pequi oil, anti-inflammatory property also know the applicability in folk medicine. Thus it becomes important studies that evidences the pharmacological potential of pequi pulp, oil and for this purpose, there are few scientific reports to the species present in of the Chapada Araripe - CE.
Human ß-defensin 1 in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Duangdee Chatnapa , Tangpukdee Noppadon , Sukphopetch Passanesh , Maneekan Pannamas , Sangmukdanun Suntaree , Krudsood Srivicha , Wilairatana Polrat
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Neutrophils appear to play a principle role in innate immunity seen early in malaria infections. They are the first line defenses against malaria and they can attack malaria parasites in several ways. Neutrophils release an assortment of antimicrobial peptides the major are defensins. However, a little is known about the expression of defensins in parasite infection diseases. We conducted a study to find the human ß-defensin-1 (hBD-1) in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pa-
tients with different severities, comparing the finding in dengue fever patient and healthy normal volunteer. Methods: Plasma samples from 9 individuals, composed of 4 patients with P. falciparum malaria infection with low parasitemia, 3 patients with P. falciparum malaria infection with high parasitemia, 1 patient with dengue fever, and 1 healthy normal volunteer were analyzed. Realtime-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblot analysis were used to detect mRNA for hBD-1 and protein secretion of hBD-1 respectively. Results: The hBD-1 mRNA expression could be detected in both groups of patients with malaria infection (low and high parasitemia). Immunodetection of hBD-1 in plasma samples revealed that all samples had immunoreactive bands consistent with hBD-1. Malaria patients showed plasma concentrations of hBD-1 higher than healthy normal subject. However, plasma concentrations of hBD-1 did not show statistical difference between low and high parasitemia groups. Conclusions: The findings showed that the serum
hBD-1 might be over expression in malaria patients. Plasma hBD-1 might be as a maker of malaria infection. Further investigations might be clarified in more sample sizes, different malarial species and severity to address utility of hBD-1 in malaria patients with different geographical areas.
Growth profile and bacterial resistance in blood cultures from hospitalized patients in COVID wards of Cariri, from reports of a laboratory in Crato-ce
Authors: Novais Maria H. G. , Nascimento Julia O. do , Silva Rakel O. M. da , Yafawi Tassia T. Al
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to evaluate the profile of bacterial growth and resistance in hemocultures of patients hospitalized in the COVID wards of Cariri, from reports of a laboratory in
Crato-CE. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative research conducted through a data collection related to blood cultures in patients hospitalized in the ward designated to this pathology, through reports, in the period from March 2020 to March 2021. Patients who performed this type of collection but were not hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward, those who performed this exam on another date outside the period, as well as patients who, although they were with COVID-19, did not perform blood cultures or were hospitalized, have all been excluded. Through this study it was possible to observe that the most frequently isolated microorganisms were from the group of Negative Staphylococcus Coagulase (33%), Staphylococcus aureus (19.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%), Escherichia coli (9%), Acinetobacter baumanii (5.6%) and others with a lower incidence were identified, totaling 18%. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, a higher resistance to Ampicillin was observed occurring in 14.5% of the cases, Erythromycin suffered resistance in 14.25% of the Gram-positive bacteria, and the drug Oxacillin suffered resistance in 13.99%. It is possible to see that there are relevant levels of resistance in relation to the antimicrobials emphasized by the Gram-negative bacteria, especially Cefepime (8.35%), Ceftazidime (8.2%), Ampicillin (8.1%), Cotrimoxazole (7.7%) and Ciprofloxacin (7.51). With this study, it was possible to conclude that the microorganisms most frequently isolated in bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients was from the group of Negative Coagulase Staphylococcus, although they are from the normal skin microbiota, they are also opportunists, causing infections in debilitated patients.
Similarly, the profile of bacterial resistance was analyzed, which enables a better targeting of the most effective antibiotic therapy in order to avoid indiscriminate use, especially in patients affected with COVID-19.
MPO and ADME Systematic Evaluation of Five Synthetic 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-one Acetamide Anti-inflammatory Derivatives: A Structure-Based Predictive Pharmacokinetic Approach
Authors: Rocha Matheus N. da , Marinho Marcia M. , Santos Hélcio Silva dos , Marinho Emmanuel  Silva
Published: June 2023

The technique of quantitative estimation of druglikeness by multiparameter optimization, when combined with virtual structure-based screening, allows the association of pharmaco
kinetic characteristics of small molecules with pharmacophores of reported biological activity. In this study, a series of new diarylthiazolidines, a pharmacophore strongly claimed among compounds with anti-inflammatory activity, was characterized from the alignment between multiparameters, instead of the isolated analysis of physicochemical properties as occurs in banchmark rules commonly used in the discovery and design of new computer-aided drugs. For this, quantitative estimates of druglikeness implemented in the MarvinSketch® software in recent years were used, combined with a series of databases available online, to perform a pharmacokinetic characterization based on the chemical structure of five derivatives (5a-e) of 2.3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-one acetamide. Here, it was possible to observe that the halogenated substituents (5b and 5e) showed a better degree of similarity with compounds registered in patents in recent years, while the generic structure (5a) and the methoxylated derivative (5d) showed better in silico ADME viability and better spectrum in MPO. This is an initial study that aims to support future projects involving the development of new thiazolidine-based anti-inflammatories.
Toxicology of rabeprazole: a literature survey and an in silico study
Authors: Islam Muhammad T , Bappi Mehedi H. , Islam Tawhida , Prottay Abdullah Al Shamsh , Akbor Showkoth , Mia Nayem
Published: June 2023

Rabeprazole (RPZ), a widely used gastric proton pump inhibitor, is evidently toxic to humans. This study aims to sketch a current scenario of its toxicological impacts on humans or other animals on the basis of database reports. Additionally, an in silico study has also been performed to
integrate its toxicological prospects as observed in databases. For this, an up-to-date (till March 2023) search was made in a number of databases to obtain the published literature with the specific keywords. Findings suggest that RPZ has many side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rhinitis, myalgia, pharyngitis, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, eye disorders, and so on. Chronic exposure to RPZ causes some important biochemical and hematological alterations and
exerts a number of toxicological effects (e.g., hypergastrinaemia, hyperplasia, atrophy of the gastric glands, gastric anti-secretory effect, hypochlorhydria) in humans. The in silico study suggests that RPZ has hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Its AMES toxicity may lead to mutagenicity in humans. In conclusion, RPZ and its formulations have many toxicological impacts on humans and
other animals. Adequate precautions should be taken during its long-term use.
Inhibitory effect of essential oils from native Atlantic Forest plants on the growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Gonçalves Maria vanaina Souza , Amaral Wanderlei do , Huergo Luciano F. , Silva Luiz Everson da
Published: June 2023

Brazil is a country rich in biodiversity, with the largest plant genetic diversity in the world; Brazilian medicinal plants are considered promising, but there is little knowledge about them from any point of view. Considering the increase in the number of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial agents available in the market, the need and relevance of studies to find new compounds with antimicrobial activity has arisen. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory
effect of essential oils from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus and Piper species native to the Atlantic Forest on Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus thuringiensis) bacteria. Material and Methods: The essential oils were extracted from dried leaves of native plant species by the hydrodistillation method using a graduated Clevenger apparatus with 1 liter of distilled water for 2.5 hours. For the evaluation of the inhibitory effect of the essential oils, the pure oil and the agar diffusion technique were used. Results: The essential oils of the species of the genus Piper did not show promissive results. However, the volatile portion extracted from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus has shown positive results against the tested bacterial cells. Conclusion: The essential oils from Piper species have no inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), showing antimicrobial activity only on Gram-positive bacteria (B. thuringiensis). On the other hand, the species P. pseudocaryophyllus has a potential antimicrobial action on both bacteria E. coli and B. thuringiensis.
Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. bark: Antiedematogenic and antinociceptive activity
Authors: Coutinho Thales S. , Tintino Cícera D. M. O. , Ramos Andreza G. B. , Nunes Alaiane A. , Silva Maria G. de L. , Oliveira Maria R. C. de , Martins Anita O. B. P. B. , Costa José G. M. D. , Cruz-Martins Natália , Gonçalves Sheila A. , Araújo Isaac M. , Menezes Irwin R. A. de
Published: June 2023

Background: Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., known as “barbatimão” in folk medicine, it's used as an astringent, antiseptic, diuretic, cicatrizing, and intestinal deseases as leukorrhea and diarrhea. Objective: Then, this purpose of this research is to evaluate the antiedematogenic and antinociceptive activity of the S. rotundifolium bark hydroalcoholic extract (EHSR). Methods: For this, the animal model the acute ear edema induced by 10% phenol, capsaicin, histamine, croton oil by single and multiple applications and, abdominal contortions by acetic acid and hot plate models were assayed. Results: The EHSR (10 mg/mL) presented significant topical antiedematogenic activity when reducing ear edema following single (35.12%) and multiple croton oil applications on days 6, 7, 8 and 9 with a 34.60, 31.08, 31.69 and 27.90% reduction in ear thickness, respectively, and reducing masses by 29.8%. The EHSR also reduced phenol (40.55%) and histamine (64.87%) induced edema. The EHSR (100 mg/kg) demonstrated antinociceptive activity by significantly reducing the number of contortions (59.5%) and increasing the animal's time of permanence on the plate by 41.9% (T:90min). Conclusion: We conclude, therefore, that the S. rotundifolium hydroalcoholic extract possesses antiedematogenic and central and peripheral influence in antinociceptive action. Therefore, given the results presented herein, we suggest new in vivo assays be performed to evaluate the possible mechanism of actions involved in these activities.