bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitive electrochemical determination of Cefpirome in human urine using differential pulse voltammetry
Authors: ERKMEN Cem , BOZAL PALABIYIK Burçin , USLU Bengi
Published: September 2021

Cefpirome, which is a fourth-generation cephalosporin, was analyzed for the first time at a glassy carbon electrode using differential pulse voltammetry in this novel method. Different experimental conditions were optimized, such as pH and electrolyte type, to achieve a high peak current. Under the optimum conditions, the oxidation of cefpirome exhibited diffusion-controlled process depending on pH. Cefpirome was electrochemically determined at the linear range between 2-200 µM, and the detection limit was found as 0.167 µM in pH 4.7 acetate buffer solution. Analysis results showed that the proposed electrochemical method could be used for the determination of cefpirome in human urine samples. A linear relationship has been obtained in the concentration range of 2-10 µM. At the same time, the detection limit was found as 0.101 µM for cefpirome in human urine. Moreover, to check the selectivity of the proposed method, the effect of some interference species, including ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, glucose, 〖"Na" 〗^"+" , "K" ^"+" , 〖"Ca" 〗^"+2" , 〖"NO" 〗_"3" ^"-" , have also been investigated. As a result, a simple, sensitive, reproducible, no time-consuming, and more environmentally friendly method was developed when compared to the literature studies.
Cuidar y experimentar el currículum: historias y movimientos en una clase de Educación Infantil
Authors: Quiles Fernández Emma
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo nace de un proceso de indagación narrativa desarrollado durante 2016-2018 en una escuela de Educación Infantil ubicada en Edmonton (Canadá). Junto a Tessa, la maestra, y los niños y niñas de la clase, exploramos cómo la enseñanza puede ser vivida como una experiencia de creación, cuáles son las condiciones que hacen posible esa creación curricular y qué necesitamos para sostenerla y avivarla. El currículum es entendido como un proceso en el que convergen múltiples dimensiones e historias. Un proceso de co-composición donde las preguntas, saberes, propuestas educativas, conversaciones, juegos, lecturas, incertidumbres y tensiones son entretejidas por quienes conforman la vida de la clase. Los hilos de sentido que emergen de la investigación se presentan a través de tres historias: a) vivir el currículum como un disponerse a ‘algo’ y b) la creación curricular como composición. Repetir, componer y disponerse es uno de los movimientos internos de la creación curricular que nos permite pensarnos en el espacio educativo no sólo desde el presente y la presencia, sino desde una capacidad imaginativa respecto a esas otras posibilidades que tienen sentido en y para la vida educativa de los niños y niñas.
De la tierra al huerto. Estudio fenomenológico sobre una experiencia de creación curricular en Educación Primaria
Authors: Martín-Alonso Diego , Sierra Eduardo , Caparrós Ester , Blanco Nieves
Published: September 2021

En esta investigación nos situamos en la tradición pedagógica de la creación curricular, que nos permite dirigir la atención a la educación no tanto como programas que se aplican, sino como procesos de subjetivación que están inmersos en relaciones de trasmisión, apropiación y recreación cultural. El propósito de este texto es profundizar en los procesos de transmisión cultural a través de la indagación en experiencias de creación curricular en las escuelas. En el marco de la fenomenología, y a través de conversaciones hermenéuticas y observaciones de cerca, hemos acompañado semanalmente a una maestra durante dos cursos escolares. De este proceso, nos vamos a detener en la experiencia de creación de un huerto escolar. El análisis señala que: 1) la tarea de mediación de la maestra genera espacios de creación compartida en los que cada quien puede ponerse en juego y, con ello, construir un lugar propio en relación con la cultura que le precede; 2) el lugar de la maestra en la escuela y la transmisión cultural se sostiene en una disposición de escucha confiada, que no juzga y que sabe esperar, así como en la creación de unos límites que van haciendo posible la trasmisión cultural.
Multiple sclerosis progression and galanin receptor GALR2: is there evidence for a link?
Authors: Lioudyno Victoria I. , Ilves Alexandr G. , Bisaga Gennadij N. , Abdurasulova Irina N.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Given the recently proposed role of the rare galanin receptor-2 (GALR2) genes missense mutation (SNP rs61745847) in the etiology of MS, we genotyped rs61745847 in a group of MS patients that was enriched with an unfavorable disease course cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study cohort consisted of 100 MS patients selected based on their progressive course, high disease progression rate and pediatric onset. To determine the nucleotide sequence of GALR2 gene fragment, surrounding the rs61745847 area, Sanger sequencing of PCR amplicons was performed.
RESULTS: No homozygous rs61745847 carrier was found in our cohort, and the region of exon 2 surrounding rs61745847 completely coincided with the reference sequence (Gene Bank NC_000017.11). In agreement with previously published data on Canadian and Brazilian populations of patients, our study of a Russian cohort confirmed the rarity of the rs61745847 variant, including among patients with rapidly progressive MS.
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, although structural changes in the GALR2 gene associated with rs61745847 may play a significant role in individual patients carrying this rare mutation, it is unlikely that such changes determine an unfavorable disease course of MS in general.
Strength Analysis of the Marine Weapon’s Construction
Authors:   Navigation and Naval Weapons Faculty Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Milewski Stanisław , Szturomski Bogdan , Kiciński Radosław
Published: September 2021

Due to the modernization of warships, it was necessary to carry out strength calculations for the newly assembled devices, for which there were no detailed technical requirements. The authors try to present and harmonize the requirements for naval military structures. The lack of experimental verification of newly built systems was indicated. Therefore the finite element method was used to determine the durability of the critical design elements. There is no explicit reference load in the literature, so the authors present a general solution to one of the worst cases. The work presents the cannon structure elements exposed to damage during the underwater explosion load, using the proposed methodology. The proposed method is sufficient to calculate individual ship cases. However, in the case of hull strength analysis, more complex algorithms should be used.
Mo calculations from a generalized AR parameter method for WWSSN instruments
Authors: Williams Barbara Radovich
Published: September 2021

abstract

A single calibration curve which relates seismic moment (Mo to the AR parameter, a time domain sum of the area under the surface-wave envelope, has been found applicable to 20 WWSSN long-period instruments recording surface waves over predominantly oceanic paths of up to 17,000 km epicentral distance, and Ms up to 8.0. The method is easy and Mo estimates are obtained in a routine procedure with errors of a factor of 2 for continental events and a factor of 3 for oceanic events. Analog or digital data can be used from a few stations with only an approximate knowledge of the recording instrument, type of path, and mechanism of the event. Theoretical Mo versus AR curves are derived from the average spectral theory of Geller (1976) and the empirically determined curve is consistent with the predicted. The AR method is shown to be more sensitive to longer period contributions to the wave train as the event size increases, establishing its usefulness for studying earthquakes with a wide range of Ms values. The method is applied to 12 events occurring in 1974 to 1975 with unknown Mo.
On Canadian methodologies of probabilistic seismic risk estimation
Authors: Weichert D. H. , Milne W. G.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Three probabilistic methods for the estimation of seismic risk have been used in Canada. A reevaluation of the extreme value method shows no advantages over the average value method of Milne and Davenport. Conceptual improvements in the underlying assumptions of the latter method are a constrained release of historical earthquakes from their presumed epicenters and the averaging of earthquake rates over variable periods. Risk estimation can then proceed as suggested by Cornell. Comparison of the results of this modification of the average number method shows similar results as the Milne and Davenport average value method. The stability of risk estimates against new earthquakes is improved, but sensitivities at typical sites toward unavoidable deterministic elements in the model are similar to the older method. For certain site-source-seismicity combinations probabilistic estimates of ground motion could become almost quasi-deterministic.
Evaluation of the relation between near-surface geological units and ground response in the vicinity of Long Beach, California
Authors: Rogers A. M. , Tinsley J. C. , Hays W. W. , King K. W.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Simulataneous recordings of Nevada Test Site nuclear events were made at sites underlain by alluvium in the Long Beach, California, area and at sites underlain by rock in the Palos Verdes and Pasadena areas. These data show peak-ground-velocity alluvium-to-rock ratios as large as 7 and spectral ratios as high as 11 in the period band from 0.2 to 6 sec. Comparison of the low-strain nuclear-explosion data and the San Fernando earthquake strong-motion data at three sites indicates that the alluvium-to-rock spectral ratios derived from the nuclear explosions are similar to those derived from the earthquake.

Significant trends exist in the short-period data, indicating higher ground response at sites underlain at the near-surface by materials that have high void ratios and lower ground response with increasing thickness of Quaternary deposits. These results suggest that the short-period response is primarily controlled both by near-surface low-velocity layers and by attenuation in the Quaternary sediments. Comparison of the data of this study with data collected in other areas indicates that the long-period response increase with either increasing depth to basement or with alluvium thickness, when this thickness is greater than 400 m. From previous theoretical studies and these results, ground response in the long-period band is related to those underlying geological structures and major velocity contrasts that control the development of surface waves.
Source mechanism and aftershock study of the Colima, Mexico earthquake of January 30, 1973
Authors: Reyes A. , Brune J. N. , Lomnitz Cinna
Published: September 2021

abstract

The Colima earthquake (magnitude 7.5) occurred just inland from the Middle America Trench, 110 km south of the Volcan de Colima and 160 km southeast of Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. Damage at several cities and towns was severe, 30 people were killed, and hundreds were injured. Four days after the earthquake, a six-station portable seismograph array was set up in the epicentral area as part of a cooperative program between UCSD, the University of Mexico, and the Mexican Federal Power Commission. From about 330 aftershocks recorded in the following 212 weeks, accurate locations were obtained for 50. One large aftershock had a magnitude of 6.2, the others range in local magnitude from 1.5 to 4.5. The locations outline a region approximately 90 km long and 60 km wide, in nearly the same location as the aftershock zone inferred by Kelleher et al. (1973) for the 1941 earthquake. The focal depth of the aftershocks (ranging from 2 to 30 km) and the fault-plane solutions for the main event indicated a shallow dipping thrust plane (about 30°). The seismic moment estimated from mantle rayleigh waves is 3 × 1027 dyne-cm. The pattern of aftershocks was used to estimate the source dimensions. From the moment and source dimensions the average slip was estimated to be about 1.4 m, corresponding to a stress drop of about 8 bars.

The occurrence of this earthquake is discussed in terms of the general seismicity of the Middle America Trench, the convergence rate predicted by plate tectonics, and the use of seismic gap theory for earthquake prediction. The fact that this earthquake may have been in the zone of the 1941 earthquake rather than in the adjacent seismic gap, suggests that caution must be taken in using seismic gap theory to predict earthquakes in the region. It further suggests that in the adjacent seismic gap a large earthquake may be eminent, and thus the gap may be an important area for deploying seismic instruments.
Terápiás megközelítés és új evidenciák a neuromyelitis optica spektrum kezelésében
Authors: Illés Zsolt
Published: September 2021

A neuromyelitis optica spektrum betegség (NMOSD) az esetek körülbelül 80%-ában AQP4-ellenanyaggal társul. A szeronegatív betegek körülbelül negyedében a központi idegrendszeri myelin oligodendrocyta glikoprotein (MOG) ellen mutatható ki ellenanyag, és ez a kórkép a MOG-ellen­anyag-asszociált betegség (MOGAD) elnevezést kapta. Jelen közlemény áttekinti az off-label azathioprin és myco­phenolat mofetil, valamint az evidenciákon alapuló B- és plazmasejt-depletio, az IL-6-jelátvitel és a komplement útvonal antagonizálás klinikai aspektusait NMOSD-ben. Az összefoglaló tárgyalja az NMOSD-terápia terhességi vonatkozásait, és a MOGAD – NMOSD-től eltérő – kezelési megközelítését. Az NMOSD kezelése kapcsán az utóbbi két évben több, III. fázisú klinikai tanulmányon alapuló I. osztályú evidencia jelent meg. A monoklonális ellenanyagokkal végzett vizsgálatok a rituximab (anti-CD20), az inebilizumab (anti-CD19), a tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), a satralizumab (anti-IL6R) és az eculizumab (anti-C5) hatékonyságát és biztonságosságát jelzik egyéb immunterápiákkal kombinálva vagy monoterápiában. A MOGAD kezelését bonyolítja, hogy az esetek körülbelül fele monofázisos, és a MOG ellenanyag a betegség lefolyása során spontán vagy kezelés hatására eltűnhet. A tartós immunszuppresszió igényét MOGAD-ban a relapsusterápiát követő, leépített orális szteroidkezelés után célszerű eldönteni. NMOSD-ben a fenntartó terápia folytatása javasolt terhesség és szoptatás alatt is, és ezt az optimális kezelés kiválasztásánál fertilis nőbetegeknél figyelembe kell venni. Az új evidenciák terápiarezisztens NMOSD-ben is több lehetőséget kínálnak, és a MOGAD kezelési stratégiája is körvonalazódik.
A kiégés vizsgálata egészségügyi dolgozók között
Authors: Fejes Éva , Mák Kornél , Pohl Marietta , Bank Gyula , Fehér Gergely , Tibold Antal
Published: September 2021

Az elmúlt évtizedek egészségügyi reformjai főként gazdasági szempontokra alapoztak, és az ágazatban napjainkra jelentős problémához vezetett, hogy a humán erőforrás kérdése háttérbe szorult, amit a kiégés szindróma tovább súlyosbít. A kutatás célja az egészségügyi dolgozók kiégési jelenségének komplex vizsgálata volt. A strukturált, papír alapú önkitöltős kérdőívekre alapozott keresztmetszeti vizsgálat Komló, Pécs és Kecskemét városában foglalkoztatott dolgozók körében történt. Demográfiai adatok felvétele mellett a kiégés vizsgálatához a Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) kérdőívet használtuk, a kognitív/viselkedésbeli hibákat, diszfunkcionális elvárásokat pedig a Diszfunkcionális Attitűd Skála (DAS) segítségével térképeztük fel. A hangulatzavar kimutatásához a Beck-féle rövidített depresszió-kérdőívet alkalmaztuk, továbbá erőfeszítés-jutalom-egyensúlytalanság kérdőív és Társas Támogatás kérdőív is kitöltésre került. Összességében 473 kérdőív került kiosztásra, és 441 teljesen kitöltött kérdőív érkezett vissza a vizsgálati időszak végéig. A munkavállalók döntő többsége 36–55 év közötti (63,1%). Az átlagos kiégési pontszám 58,6 (SD = 16,3), melyből 63 fő (14,2%) alacsony, 356 fő közepes (80,7%) és 22 fő (5,1%) súlyos kiégéssel érintett. A multivariációs analízis során az ellátási típust tekintve az aktív fekvőbeteg-ellátás (OR = 1,018), az életkor (OR = 2,514), a családi állapot (OR = 1,148), az ápolói munkakör (OR = 1,246), a társas támogatás hiánya (OR = 1,189) és a nem megfelelő javadalmazás (OR = 9,719) bizonyultak a kiégés független rizikó­té­nye­zőinek (p < 0,05 minden esetben). A depresszió súlyossága és a kiégés (korrelációs együttható = 0,238), továbbá a diszfunkcionális attitűdök és a kiégés (korrelációs együttható = 0,212) között szignifikáns összefüggés igazolódott (p < 0,001 mindkét esetben). Eredményeink alapján az egészségügyi dolgozók (különösen a szakdolgozók) jelentős része közepes fokú, 5,1%-a pedig súlyos fokú kiégésben szenved. A kiégésnek vannak befolyásolható (ellátási típus, munkakör, társas támogatás) és nem befolyásolható (életkor, család) tényezői, melyeket az esetleges prevenciós, illetve intervenciós beavatkozások során figyelembe kell venni.
A perceptional analysis of online and offline mode of lectures in second year undergraduate medical students at SMIMER medical college, Surat
Authors: Patel Antra M. , Saxena Kirti , Panwar Arvind Singh
Published: September 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic demanded lockdown to control the spread of disease, inevitably medical colleges are also affected and online mode of teaching has become a solution for continuity of teaching in medical colleges. The main purpose of study to identify perception of medical students towards online and offline mode of lectures by parameters as follows: knowledge, understanding, skills and methodology.Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study with duration of three months. A well- articulated set of questionnaires based on knowledge, understanding, skills and methodology parameters will be circulated among the second-year undergraduate medical students from SMIMER, Surat.Results: About 82% of the students perceived that offline mode of lectures provide more information of subject and helps with better retention of knowledge. Only 21.5% students were in favour of online mode for being able to understand lecture content. For the development of the practical skills and clinical training, 97% of the participants favoured offline mode. However, 67% of the participants believe online mode of lectures save their time and work well with their schedule.Conclusions: Majority of students perceived that offline mode of lectures provide more information of subjects and better retention of knowledge. According to them offline mode of lectures is easy to understand and improved conceptual thinking. For development of clinical and practical skills offline mode of lectures is mandatory. But, majority of students perceived that online learning provide flexibility in participation of lectures and time saving method.
Berbamine application beyond cancer
Authors: Soni Navneet O.
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this review was to ascertain the clinical application and future non oncological uses of Berbaminebamine (BERBAMINE). Berbaminebamine, as a STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) inhibitor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and modulator of many signalling pathways, should be investigated in autoimmune diseases.  Berbaminebamine has been found to have pharmacological activity in the following cancers: breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, colon cancer, bladder cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, triple negative breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Ischemic reperfusion injury, melanoma, COVID-19 and allergy diseases are among the conditions for which it is beneficial. It may aid in the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory syndrome, sepsis, COVID-19, dengue fever, Nipah virus infection, influenza, solid tumors, lymphoma, cancer, hematological malignancies, skin inflammatory disorder and atopic dermatitis.  BERBAMINE can be used as versatile molecule in alcoholic liver disease, diabetic nephropathy and antiviral, anti-inflammatory.
A retrospective review of low-birth-weight cases in a tertiary care hospital in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Kumar Pancham , Sood Ambika , Roach Vipin
Published: September 2021

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a serious public health problem and a leading cause of death in the first month of life. The present study aimed to study the trends of low birth weight in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh, India.Methods: Retrospective review of records of Kamla Nehru Hospital, Shimla covering the period January 2016 to December 2020 was done. The total number of low-birth-weight babies each year were retrieved.Results: A total of 34769 live births took place in Kamla Nehru Hospital, Shimla from 2016 to 2020. Among the total live births, 8479 (24.39%) were having low birth weight (<2500 gm) while 26290 (75.61%) were having normal birth weight (>2500 gm). Out of total 8479 LBW Babies, 7148 (84.3%) were LBW (<2500 gm),1167 (13.76%) were very low birth weight (1000-1500 gm) and 164 (1.93%) were of extremely low birth weight There was continuous decrease in low birth weight from 35.14% in 2016 to 17.51% in 2019. After that it start increasing slightly to 18.9% in 2020.Conclusions: Over the span of five years, there was continuous decrease in incidence of LBW. Nutritional education during pregnancy and proper Antenatal care (ANC) services needs to be addressed to reduce prevalence of LBW in Himachal Pradesh
Abnormal Newborn Screen in an Ex-premature Infant fed Goat Milk
Authors: Simon Trishell , Belnavis Gillian , Reynolds Kimberly
Published: September 2021

Newborn screening is an important tool in the early diagnosis or detection of rare genetic and metabolic conditions. There are external factors that may influence results. One such is infant nutrition. This article discusses the case of a three month old infant with an abnormal newborn screen in the setting of being fed whole goat milk as well as the importance of reviewing infant nutrition with parents.
Silver diamine fluoride for early childhood caries- A boon for dentists during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pradeepika Liyana Arachchige A. , Sultan Amina , Herath Chandra
Published: September 2021

Early Childhood Dental Caries (ECC) is a global burden. Management protocols of a disease are changing constantly with the improving knowledge of the disease, new materials, and treatment strategies. Clinical studies have confirmed the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is an effective and efficient caries arrest and a prevention therapy. It is a simple, safe, and quick treatment option for carious deciduous teeth. More importantly, caries removal is not indicated before the application which makes the topical application of SDF solution a good alternative in the management of ECC during the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Association between passive smoking and dental caries among 3-8 years children in Bangalore city
Authors: Rao ChaithraShree S , Agarwal Manisha , Konde Sapna , Peethambar Preetha , Prasad Sahana N
Published: September 2021

Salivary antimicrobial peptides (AMP’s) play an important role in the local defense of oral cavity and expression of these are altered by various factors. Among them cigarette smoke has known to have detrimental effects on salivary immune defense mechanisms. The effect of passive smoking on salivary AMP’s and correlation to dental caries in children has not yet been reported. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the correlation between passive smoking and dental caries in exposed and unexposed children.

A randomized cross-sectional study was designed to target children aged between 3 to 8 years. Self-reported questionnaire was filled by the parents of the participants to obtain the data. Questionnaires included in the study comprised sections related to demographic part and smoking characteristics. Participants were divided into passive exposed (PE) and unexposed (UE) group based on exposure parameters. Clinical examination and Salivary flow rate were assessed and the obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis. TPE group (5.58+/-4.66) than UE group (3.15+/-3.26) where (p=0.003)and under educated parents (p=0.02). Comparison of smoking related parameters to caries prevalence have shown direct positive correlation.

[K1] [M2] The mean DMF scores were higher among children in [K3] [K4] [M5] E group (5.58+/-4.66) than UE group (3.15+/-3.26) where (p=0.003). Also it was seen that the DMF were higher in children who belonged to lower socio-economic status (p= 0.001) and under educated parents (p=0.02). Comparison of smoking related parameters to caries prevalence have shown direct positive correlation.

Reduction of passive smoking is important not only for the prevention of various systemic ill-effects, but also for the promotion of children's dental health.
Augmented reality in orthodontics: The way ahead
Authors: Dua Vinay S , Sikri Ankit , Kaur Amandeep , Sachdeva Mitasha
Published: September 2021

Augmented Reality is a favorable and definitive pedagogical approach for integrating formal learning. E-learning combined with Augmented Reality (AR) technology can surpass traditional learning methods if the system is tailored to include components of smart learning and evaluation of knowledge on devices ubiquitously in the absence of tutors. AR is predicted to transform and become the fundamental user interface of the twenty-first century. Augmented reality, instead, generates an interaction between the real environment and virtual objects. The use of augmented reality permits direct visualization bypassing the last transfer step, which means, on a large scale, to avoid data and time loss. Visualization of digital data directly on the patient means the possibility of achieving great advantages in digital procedures. This review briefly summarizes history, definitions, features and components of augmented reality technology and discusses its avenues and applications in orthodontics.
Infrabrow excision to correct upper eyelid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly patients
Authors:   Department of Orbital Plastic, Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Ophthalmic Plastic, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030002, Shanxi Province, China, Zhang Wei-Wei , Tang Dong-Run ,   Department of Orbital Plastic, Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China, Wu Tong ,   Department of Orbital Plastic, Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China, Sun Feng-Yuan ,   Department of Orbital Plastic, Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To evaluate the effects, advantages, disadvantages, and indications of infrabrow skin excision to correct upper eyelid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.
METHODS: Sixty eyelids in 30 patients were subjected to this surgical procedure from January to June 2018. All patients had upper eyelid dermatochalasis, and the functions of their levator palpebrae were all normal. The primary indications of the procedure were upper lid dermatochalasis with lateral hooding. All 30 patients underwent infrabrow skin excision at Shanxi Eye Hospital. The degree of skin relaxation before and after surgery was evaluated in all patients, and surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were also assessed.
RESULTS: All patients were female, ranging from 40 to 64 (mean: 53.20±7.10) years old. Skin relaxation of the upper eyelid was improved in all 30 patients. One month after the operation, 52 lids (86.7%) showed good results and 8 lids (13.33%) showed fair results. The objective Strasser system was applied to evaluate surgical results at 1 and 6 months. All patients had scores between 0 and 1 point, indicating good results. Preoperative unsatisfactory position and shape of the eyebrows were improved, and crow's feet and frontal lines were reduced. All patients were satisfied with the results. No complications related to wound dehiscence, lagophthalmos, or hypertrophic scars were observed.
CONCLUSION: Infrabrow skin excision is a simple, useful operation to reconstruct the upper eyelids in selected patients of Chinese ancestry. This procedure not only retains the advantages of classic blepharoplasty, but also alleviates many eyebrow problems at the same time, and maintains the original shape of the eyelid, minimizes scarring, and produces a smoother, more youthful appearance.
Evaluation of intraocular penetration of levofloxacin by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran, Hasanzadeh Mahsa , Heydari Amir ,   Center of Cellular and Molecular Research, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia 5715799313, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
Published: September 2021

AIM: To evaluate the levofloxacin eye drop into human eye penetration, levofloxacin eye drop concentrations in human ocular aqueous of 33 patients undergoing cataract surgery were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
METHODS: Totally 33 volunteer patients who scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery received one drop of levofloxacin every 6h for 3d before and on the day of surgery, administration of drug was stopped 1h before surgery. Levofloxacin concentration in aqueous humor was measured by HPLC method with fluorescence detector.
RESULTS: A simple, effective and sensitive HPLC method for determination of levofloxacin in human ocular aqueous was validated. Linearity was shown for levofloxacin concentration over a wide range of 1.95×10-3-1.50 µg/mL. The mean aqueous level of levofloxacin was 0.3399±0.03405 µg/mL.
CONCLUSION: Results from the present study demonstrate that topical administration of levofloxacin 0.5% before cataract surgery with routine dose (one drop every 6h) unable to reach MIC90 for most common microorganism causing acute bacterial endophthalmitis.
Assessment of anterior chamber angle changes after phacoemulsification with swept-source OCT
Authors:   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Zheng Qian , Li Zhang-Liang ,   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Chang Ping-Jun ,   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Zhao Yun-E ,   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To assess the changes of anterior chamber angle in patients with shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, based on anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (AS-SS-OCT) measurements.
METHODS: This was a prospective case control study; sixty eyes of sixty case were scheduled for cataract surgery with normal intraocular pressure (IOP). Based on anterior chamber depth (ACD) and gonioscopy findings, the eyes were divided into two groups: group of shallow anterior chamber and narrow angle (SAC group, 30 eyes); and group of normal anterior chamber group with wide angle (NAC group, 30 eyes). Measurements of ACD, anterior chamber volume (ACV), iris volume (IV), lens vault (LV), angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), and trabecular iris angle (TIA) were conducted in each group before and 3mo after surgery.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, axial length (AL), corneal curvature, corneal diameter, intraocular pressure, and IV between two groups before surgery, except for the LV (P=0.000). ACD and ACV were prominently larger in the NAC group than the SAC group 3mo after operation (3.69±0.38 vs 3.85±0.39 mm, P=0.025; 161.37±19.47 vs 178.26±20.30 mm3, P=0.002). AOD750, ARA750 in nasal and inferior quadrants, TISA750 in all quadrants except temporal, and TIA750 in all quadrants in SAC group were significantly smaller than those in NAC group after operation (all P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery can deepen anterior chamber and increase the width of anterior chamber angle in Chinese subjects, but the angle related parameters including AOD750, ARA750, TISA750, TIA, TISA750, and ACV in patients with shallow anterior chamber and narrow angle do not reach the normal level.
Generalized description and referential meaning of typical childlike situations comparable to sacrifice
Authors: Serikov Andrei E.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the issues regarding the essence of what the reality referring to typical childlike situations similar to sacrifice, and the ways the names and descriptions of behavior types differ from these types as per se. The description of lexical meanings via the semantic metalanguage and the description of typical linguistic and other cultural forms based on prototypes do not contradict each other, since they solve different problems. Consequently, generic descriptions of typical childlike situations comparable to sacrifice are lexical meanings of the short names of typical situations, constructed in metalanguage on the basis of an intuitive understanding of their similarity, existing as artefacts of text analysis, while the typical situations and forms of childlike behavior comparable to sacrifice are real-life objective forms of behavioral situations and biological, cultural and social predispositions to certain typical forms of behavior.
Conceptual unity of Vl. Khodasevich’s book «Heavy lyre»
Authors: Andruhin Maxim S.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the consistent patterns of the book Heavy Lyre by Vl. Khodasevich. The main issue of the article refers to the structural subsequence of the arranged poems in the book Heavy Lyre and the factors that may have influenced such structural subsequence. The author aims to compare the first and the last poems of the book so as to identify and compare their main themes and the change of the lyrical subject. In order to archive this goal the author carries out an immanent analysis of the poem Music. As a result, there has been proved the insufficiency of existing interpretations. Finally the author analyzes the poem Ballade in accordance with the other research studies, and there has been provided a comparative table of the two texts. The author concludes that there exist four main themes that unite both texts, and he provides the development of their change..
On literary imitations of two imperative poems by Joseph Brodsky
Authors: Stepanov Alexander G.
Published: September 2021

This article concentrates on the problem of literary interactions. It studies connections between Joseph Brodskys imperative poems Ne vykhodi iz komnaty (Dont leave your room, 1970) and Nazidanie (Cautionary Advice, 1987), and their imitations. Those imitations were composed by both amateur and professional authors. The research objective is to define the character of similarities, the latter being mainly manifested at the rhythmic, speech and ideological levels. The methodology is based upon an empirical approach to the text; the specific methods are prosody analysis, comparative analysis, analysis of the motive structure. Two types of imitation of the said pre-texts are distinguished in the study. The first one is reflective feeble imitation represented by amateur texts written by web authors. Amateur poets create simplified variations of Ne vykhodi iz komnaty that became a lockdown hymn in the spring of 2020. Conscious support of a renowned poets work seems to legitimate creation of an amateur piece with its further placement on the web. The other type of imitation is a poetic dialogue. In spite of the fact that the author mainly employs ready-made compositional and speech patterns and lyrical and narrative motives, he develops and combines them in his own manner. M. Vatutinas poem S chuzhimi ne razgovarivai, zhizn u tebya odna (Dont talk to strangers, youve got just the only one life) may be viewed as a rhythmic and semantic paraphrase of Brodskys Nazidanie followed by definite transformations. Conceivably it cannot be referred to the so-called secondary texts in spite of its strong connection to Brodskys poems.
“You Would Not Seek Me If You Had Not Found Me”—Another Pascalian Response to the Problem of Divine Hiddenness
Authors: Guillon Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2021

One version of the Problem of Divine Hiddenness is about people who are looking for God and are distressed about not finding him. Having in mind such distressed God-seekers, Blaise Pascal imagined Jesus telling them the following: “Take comfort; you would not seek me if you had not found me.” This is what I call the Pascalian Conditional of Hiddenness (PCH). In the first part of this paper, I argue that the PCH leads to a new interpretation of Pascal’s own response to the problem, significantly different from Hick’s or Schellenberg’s interpretations of Pascal. In short: for any person who is distressed about not finding God, and who (for this reason) seriously considers the Argument from Hiddenness, the PCH would show that their own distress constitutes evidence that God is in fact not hidden to them (because this desire for God has been instigated in them by God himself). In the second part of the paper, I set aside the exegetical question and try to develop this original strategy as a contemporary response to one version of the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, which I call the “first-person problem.” I argue that the PCH strategy offers a plausibly actual story to respond to the first-person problem. As a result, even if we need to complement the PCH strategy with other more traditional strategies (in order to respond to other versions of the problem), the PCH strategy should plausibly be part of the complete true story about Divine Hiddenness.
Experiential Dissonance and Divine Hiddenness
Authors: Moser Paul K.
Published: September 2021

Our expectations for human experience of God can obscure the reality and the presence of such experience for us. They can lead us to look in the wrong places for God’s presence, and they can lead us not to look at all. This article counters the threat of misleading expectations regarding God, while acknowledging a role for diving hiding from humans on occasion. It contends that, given God’s perfect moral character, we should expect typical human experience of God to have moral dissonance, that is, experiential conflict in morally relevant ways. We shall see the evidential or cognitive importance of how humans respond to such dissonance. Our failing to respond cooperatively with God can result either in our obscuring evidence of divine reality or in God’s hiding divine self-manifestation for redemptive purposes aimed at our benefit.
Divine Openness for Physical Relationship
Authors: Butakov Pavel
Published: September 2021

The success of the atheistic hiddenness argument depends on the “consciousness constraint” it imposes on the divine-human loving relationship: namely, that this relationship requires human conscious awareness of being in the relationship with God. I challenge the truth of this proposition by introducing the concept of a physical relationship with God that is not subject to this constraint. I argue, first, that a physical relationship with God is metaphysically possible; second, that its plausibility is supported by natural theology; and third, that a perfectly loving God would prefer physical relationships with human beings over consciousness-constrained relationships, because a perfectly loving God would prefer to preserve the integrity of human freedom of participation and allow inclusion of all people regardless of their natural cognitive capabilities. I also offer an interpretation of apparent divine hiddenness in the light of the idea of God’s openness for physical relationships.
A Prospective Study of Management of Fracture Dislocation of Hip (PIPKIN) by Safe Surgical Dislocation (2 Years 6 Months Follow-Up in a Tertiary Hospital at Visakhapatnam)
Authors: Sanaboyina Appala Raju , Avula Saraswathi Venkata
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND High velocity motor vehicle injuries are associated with hip fracture dislocations especially dash board injuries. Most commonly posterior hip dislocations are associated with occasional femoral head fractures. Computerized tomographic imaging is done to look at the congruency of the hip joint. Safe surgical dislocation or Ganz approach was described in 2001 for exposing the hip in a 360-degree view without damaging the vascularity of the femoral head. In this study, we wanted to evaluate the radiological and functional outcome using modified Merle d' Aubigne-Postel and Harris hip scoring. METHODS The current study is a prospective study in a tertiary referral centre where 8 young adult males were followed up for a period of 2 years 6 months from August 2018 to February 2021 after safe surgical dislocation and reduction with headless Herbert screws to maintain congruent hip surface. RESULTS We had 1 patient with associated chest injury requiring intercostal tube placement, while none of them had developed avascular necrosis or early arthritis. We had used modified Merle d'Aubigne-Postel and Harris hip scoring to assess the functional outcome. We had six patients with excellent results and two patients with good outcome due to occasional pain. We followed all the patients for more than 2 years. We evaluated the radiological and functional outcomes. The results are comparable to other researcher’s studies. CONCLUSIONS Safe surgical dislocation is a very good choice for fixation of femoral head fractures where the complications like early arthritis of femoral head and acetabulum are less along with preserving the vascularity of the femoral head and preventing the chances of avascular necrosis of femoral head. It also provides a good intraoperative view for handling the fracture reduction. KEYWORDS Pipkin Fracture, Ganz Approach, Safe Surgical Dislocation Hip, Herbert Screw
Galectin-3 Immunohistochemical Expression in Thyroid Neoplasms – A Study from Kalaburagi, Karnataka
Authors: Patil Anuradha G. , Jahan Saniya , Mohiuddin Syed Mukhtar
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. Galectin-3 has been implicated in malignant transformation and metastasis of cancer cells and it has received notable recognition for its usefulness as a diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. We wanted to evaluate the expression of Galectin-3 on thyroid neoplasms, establish its diagnostic accuracy and also differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. METHODS A total of 54 thyroidectomy specimens were studied over a period of 3 years (2016 - 2019) which included 20 benign and 34 malignant thyroid neoplasms. Histopathologic evaluation of H & E stained sections was done and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for Galectin-3 was performed for all neoplasms with the polymeric method using lyophilized mouse monoclonal antibody. (Path n Situ) and grading based on intensity of Galectin-3 expression were noted. RESULTS Galectin-3 expression was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in malignant thyroid neoplasms in comparison to the benign neoplasms. Galectin-3 expression for malignant neoplasms showed sensitivity of 88.23 %, specificity of 95.0 %, positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.8 % and negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.6 %. Galectin-3 expression in Papillary thyroid carcinoma showed a sensitivity of 95.83 % and PPV of 88.2 %. While comparing the neoplasms showing follicular pattern, Galectin-3 expression was more in the malignant neoplasms (follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma thyroid) than benign neoplasms (follicular adenoma). CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 is a useful marker in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Galectin-3 is sensitive for Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and among the follicular patterned lesions, Galectin-3 is sensitive for follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. Thus Galectin-3 protein expression evaluated using immunohistochemistry technique acts as an adjunctive ancillary technique in thyroid cancer diagnosis. KEYWORDS Galectin-3, Immunohistochemistry, Thyroid Carcinoma, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Profile and Outcome in Children with Foreign Body Aspiration at a Tertiary Care Centre in Telangana
Authors: Martha Sreelatha , Cherukuri Nirmala , Thota Usharani , Korvani Prasanna Kumar , Neelgiri Keerti , Mudmal Nikhil Kumar , Choudhury Preethika
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children is one of the major causes of death in developing countries, the diagnosis of which can be missed due to varied presentation. It is one of the causes of choking among children which, if not recognized early may lead to fatal consequences. Early recognition and prompt intervention may reduce the mortality and morbidity. In this study, we wanted to assess the clinical profile of children with foreign body aspiration/ingestion, determine the nature and location of foreign body and also determine the outcome among children with foreign body aspiration at a tertiary care centre. METHODS This cross-sectional study was taken up to analyse the clinical profile, to study the types, location and the outcome of children with foreign body aspiration. All children in the age group of 2 months to 12 years admitted to Niloufer hospital, Hyderabad from January 2018 to December 2019 with either history of FBA or clinical features suggestive of FBA even in the absence of history were included in the study. Age, sex, clinical features (C/F), duration of illness were noted. A chest X-ray was done in all cases, whereas a computed tomography (CT) scan was done in children where clinical features & chest X-rays were inconclusive. All children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia by ENT surgeons. The findings like type and location of the foreign bodies were noted. Statistical analysis was done by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 10.0. RESULTS Of 108 children studied, 60 % of cases were males and 40 % were females. 55 % of cases were below the age of 3 years. Common symptoms were rapid breathing (68 %) and cough (38.8 %). Nuts & seeds were the common foreign bodies seen in 47.30 %, out of which groundnuts were the most common. Organic foreign bodies accounted for 58.11 % while inorganic was 41.89 %. The common site of lodgement of foreign body was right main bronchus (35.59 %), followed by left main bronchus (27.11 %) and sub-glottis (8.47 %). CONCLUSIONS Foreign body aspiration is difficult to diagnose in children and a delay in diagnosis can lead to mortality and morbidity. Early intervention by bronchoscopy goes a long way in improving survival. Clinical suspicion is the key to the diagnosis. KEYWORDS Foreign Body, Bronchoscopy, Children