bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental prospectives of new generation super absorbent wound dressing materials from sulfated polysaccharide of marine red algae
Authors:   Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin- 682029, Kerala, India., P Amruth , P Amruth ,   Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682022, Kerala, India., Jacob M Rosemol ,   Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin- 682029, Kerala, India.,   Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682022, Kerala, India., Mathew Suseela ,   Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin- 682029, Kerala, India., Anandan  ,   Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin- 682029, Kerala, India.
Published: September 2021

Wound healing remains as a dynamic process and the type of dressing material significantly affects the efficacy of healing. The identification of ideal dressings to use for a particular wound type is an important requisite facilitating the entire process of healing. Chronic, high exudate wounds are dynamic in presentation and remain as a major health care burden. Researchers have sort to design and optimize biodegradable wound dressings that focuses to optimize moisture retentiveness, as superior character in the healing process. In addition, dressings have been designed to visualize the wound bed by improving the optical property, target and kill infection-causing bacteria, with the incorporation of antimicrobial agents, nanomaterials and numerous other measures. For the practitioners, choosing the optimal dressing decreases time to healing, provides cost-effective care and improves patient quality of life. The current mini review highlights the ideal characters of wound dressing materials and presents insights on the superior characters of carrageenan bio composites for prospective advancements in research in the area of wound care and management.
Role Of Colour Doppler Imaging In Early Diagnosis Of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors:   Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Ramakrishnan Karthik Krishna ,   Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Swamy Anusha Palani ,   Department of Radio-Diagnosis; Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Moorthy Prashant ,   Department of Radio-Diagnosis; Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., K. Sharma Praveen ,   Department of Radio-Diagnosis; Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Muralidharan Yuvaraj ,   Department of Radio-Diagnosis; Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Natarajan Paarthipan ,   Department of Radio-Diagnosis; Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Rajan Seena Cheppala ,   Department of Radio-Diagnosis; Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2021

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of vision loss among people with diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults in India. It is a form of microangiopathy, and is the most common ocular complication seen in diabetic patients. Diabetic retinopathy progresses from non proliferative to proliferative retinopathy. The non proliferative retinopathy is the milder form and it is reversible. As the progression to proliferative retinopathy happens, the patients are symptomatic and become irreversible. Vascular changes and subsequent ocular hemodynamic changes are critical events in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Colour doppler imaging is one of the most widely used and well-established techniques for assessing ocular blood flow velocities in the retro bulbar vessels. This is a non-invasive, painless imaging method with highly reproducibility. Estimation of orbital blood flow velocity from colour doppler imaging of the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery is a technique offering great potential for the identification of early retinopathy in diabetic patients.
Evaluating The Relationship Between Spatial Temporal Land Use Changes And Climate Pattern Of Nilgiris District
Authors:   Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture and Biosciences Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114., Devakumari M.Suguna , Jeeva S. Carolin ,   Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture and Biosciences Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114., Poonguzhali R.Susan ,   Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture and Biosciences Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114.
Published: September 2021

Due to deforestation, urbanization and land use changes, the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu has been impacted by climate variation. This study was carried out to explore the impact of the land use changes in Nilgiris District from 2011 to 2017using remote sensing images acquired from Landsat 7. Temperature and rainfall data of the study area were also obtained from IMD Pune. The results show that the current trend of decreasing forest area and increasing agricultural land, and the area also experienced a temperature increase of 0.4 ◦C between 2011 and 2017. This study is crucial for land planners and environmentalists to understand the impacts of land use change on the climate in Nilgiris District.
Application of Timber and Wood-based Materials in Architectural Design using Multi-objective Optimisation Tools
Authors: Stefańska Anna , Cygan Marta , Batte Kinga , Pietrzak Joanna
Published: September 2021

Digital fabrication leads architects and structural engineers to modify the design optimisation methodology. The designers, as never before, are facing new technologies developed in the search for new materials based, among others, on wood components and the improvement of manufacturing methods at the same time. In this process, the material and manufacturing technology adjustment to desired aesthetic outcomes is possible not only by the material used but also by the self-organisation of the structure's optimisation. New fabrication techniques linked with topology optimising software change traditional load-bearing systems designing using timber and wood-based materials. Multi-objective optimisation research indicates that timber might be a comprehensive material based on various applications from low-tech to cutting-edge contemporary fabrication technologies. The article presents new tools and methods for the optimisation of structural elements. A case study based on interdisciplinary architectural and structural optimisation suggests the possible effective research-based design. Comparing contemporary buildings with wood load-bearing structures explains timber usage's diversity and characteristics in modern design.
Assessing Psychological Safety in Lean Construction Projects in the United States
Authors: Demirkesen Sevilay , Sadikoglu Emel , Jayamanne Eshan
Published: September 2021

The construction industry is hazardous, which requires careful consideration of occupational health and safety measures. Among various strategies that are proposed to enhance construction safety, Lean construction practices were widely implied and proved to be effective. However, the link between Lean implementation and construction safety has not been completely studied yet in previous research in terms of psychological safety context. This study implies that psychological safety is of utmost importance in terms of explaining the association between Lean and safety. Lean implementation elements such as respect for people, trust, leadership, and continuous improvement positively affect employees’ psychological safety. In this context, semi-structured interviews and a survey were conducted with employees working in U.S. construction companies. The interviews provided that the majority of the construction employees do not feel psychologically safe at their workplaces either in traditional or Lean construction projects due to a number of reasons such as heavy workload, and deadline pressures. However, it was found that construction workers feel safer psychologically in Lean construction projects compared to traditional projects. According to the interview results and literature review, a conceptual model was proposed. Therefore, this study can contribute to the research area of psychological safety in the construction industry.
The Impact of Construction Labour Productivity on the Renovation Wave
Authors: Wandahl Soren , Pérez Christina T. , Salling Stephanie , Neve Hasse H. , Lerche Jon , Petersen Steffen
Published: September 2021

The European Green Deal's Renovation Wave aims to renovate 35 million energy-inefficient buildings to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by at least 55% by 2030. Historically, efforts to reduce CO2 emissions focused on Operational Energy (OE) of the finished buildings. However, in recent years the Embodied Energy (EE) of the building’s construction process has gained attention because of its essential role in construction renovations projects. In this context, construction efficiency, and more precisely, workers’ efficiency, is a vital catalyst to achieve the European Union (EU) targets. To identify the impact of Construction Labour Productivity (CLP) on the renovation wave an exploratory case study was adopted as a research strategy. Data from four domestic housing renovation projects were gathered. Three specific research goals are outlined. The first is to demonstrate the effect of the adoption of Lean tools and methods to increase CLP. The second is to quantify the correlation between improved productivity and the EE emissions saved during the construction phase. The third goal is to estimate the effect the higher productivity has on OE emissions. The results show that the adoption of several Lean tools and methods has a potential to improve CLP to 45%.  This rate of improvement for the 35 million housing units to be renovated could save 6.9 million tonnes CO2e from EE and 386 million tonnes CO2e from OE. This novelty link between process improvements and reduced energy consumption and emissions can support politicians and infrastructural developers in decision-making for a more sustainable construction industry.
Estrategias de comercialización de quesos artesanales por tipo de mercado, a partir de su revisión sistemática
Authors: Patiño Delgado América Lina , Cervantes Escoto Fernando , Espinoza Ortega Angélica , Cesín Vargas Alfredo , Palacios Rangel María Isabel
Published: September 2021

En este estudio se analizan las actividades estratégicas de comercialización con base en estudios referentes a quesos artesanales realizados en México y en otros países, durante la última década. Esto se realizó por medio de una revisión sistemática, para determinar si existe correspondencia entre las actividades estratégicas desempeñadas con el mercado destino de los quesos artesanales. Las actividades estratégicas encontradas se clasificaron en seis categorías: asociatividad, mejora de procesos, elección de canal, diferenciación de producto, rentabilidad, y relación con el consumidor. Se concluye que si existe una correspondencia clara entre las acciones estratégicas y el mercado de destino.
Análisis crítico sobre la conectividad en los territorios rurales. Notas latinoamericanas
Authors: Muñoz Arroyave Elkin Argiro , Llanos Hernández Luis
Published: September 2021

Los Estados nacionales en América Latina impulsan la conectividad en los territorios rurales, suponen que esta promueve el crecimiento y desarrollo social del territorio. La vía para lograr este propósito ha sido la formulación de políticas públicas que promueven la conectividad; sin embargo, dichas políticas, a pesar de que enuncian el aliento del desarrollo social, no han logrado que la brecha digital y la desigualdad social entre los diversos sectores de la población sean disminuidas. En este artículo se analizan dos tipos de conectividad, la satelital y la técnica, se realiza una crítica al uso indistinto en la literatura latinoamericana del concepto de conectividad. Existen estudios que resaltan las ventajas económicas o políticas de la conectividad, y otros donde el interés se centra en los efectos sociales y culturales que produce la conectividad entre la población rural. Se concluye que la literatura latinoamericana adolece de un abordaje conjunto de la conectividad satelital como técnica y sus efectos sociales en la vida rural. La experiencia de varios países de Latinoamérica que presentan problemáticas semejantes posibilita este tipo de conclusiones.
Mieux connaître, mieux-être : Les conséquences de l'instauration du système des pensionnats autochtones au Canada sur les peuples autochtones
Authors: Geanta Oana
Published: September 2021

Entre 1874 et 1996, environ 150 000 enfants des Inuits, des Métis et des Premières Nations du Canada sont arrachés de leur famille et placés dans des pensionnats, sous prétexte qu’ils bénéficieront d’une scolarisation. En réalité, l’État tente de rayer les Autochtones du territoire en les assimilant à la société eurocanadienne. L’État s’engage à « tuer l’Indien dans l’enfant ». Dans ces établissements financés par le gouvernement fédéral et dirigés par l’Église, les enfants sont obligés de renoncer à leur culture autochtone. Les enfants sont également victimes de graves supplices : négligence, travaux forcés et violence physique, psychologique et sexuelle. En reconnaissant les différents passés historiques des diverses populations autochtones, cet article se concentrera sur les Autochtones victimes de l’instauration du système des pen- sionnats au Canada, dans l’objectif de mettre en lumière les conséquences de cet évènement sur les peuples autochtones. Effectivement, la transmission intergénérationnelle des traumatismes, le cumul de difficultés individuelles et collectives, la perte culturelle, la difficulté à divulguer les sévices subis, la perpétuation de ceux-ci dans les communautés, les troubles de santé mentale, la dépendance, les suicides et les difficultés familiales ne sont que quelques séquelles découlant de l’instauration des pensionnats. Cet article vise également à sensibiliser les lecteurs à un traumatisme historique impré- gné dans l’histoire du pays, démontrant que la stigmatisation, la discrimination et le racisme à l’égard des Autochtones ne sont qu’une continuité des idéologies assimilationnistes d’autrefois.
PERANAN PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI MANAJERIAL KEPALA MADRASAH STUDI KASUS DI MI WIDADA KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: ROSYIDAH ULFATUR
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan tentang peranan pengawas sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah (Studi Kasus di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Widada Kabupaten Blitar). Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus dengan analisis data model interaktif, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: 1) Pengawas melakukan pembinaaan kualitas kompetensi manajerial kepala madrasah secara terencana dan berkelanjutan, 2) Pengawas memberikan pembinaan kualitas kompetensi manejerial hubungan masyarakat, dan 3) Pengawas memberikan pembinaan kepada kepala madrasah dan guru untuk meningkatkan integritas dan profesional dalam melaksanakan tugas fungsinya. Sedangkan rekomendasi dari penelitian ini, antara lain, yaitu: 1) Kepala madrasah secara terus agar meningkatkan kompetensi manajerialnya dalam mengelola semua sumberdaya untuk memberikan layanan pendidikan yang berkualitas kepada masyarakat, (2) Kepala sekolah harus menjadi sosok tauladan tidak hanya bagi guru, juga kepada warga sekolah dan masyarakat, (3) Kepala Madrasah harus memiliki integritas yang tinggi dan profesional dalam menjalankan tugasnya.
APPLICATION OF THE CYTOLOGICAL METHOD OF ASSESSMENT OF THE WOUND PROCESS IN GUNSHOT INJURIES OF THE LIMB
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Tereshko, D.G. , Trukhan A.P. ,   432 Main Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Letkovskaya T.A. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of studies devoted to the substantiation of the use of the cytological express method for assessing the wound process in patients with gunshot injuries of the extremities. In the course of the study, wound exudate was taken from the area of the most altered tissues in the projection of the wound channel, followed by preparation of preparations. The first and second group of preparations were stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa and Alekseev's method in the cytological laboratory. The preparations of the third group were stained with the May-Grunwald dye in the preoperative room. Comparative assessment was carried out using the developed color quality index of the cytological preparation, based on a point scale. It was found that the quality of preparations stained with the May-Grunwald dye was lower according to a number of criteria (completeness of staining of cells and cell structures, the presence of artifacts, focusing resolution) in comparison with preparations stained by the laboratory method. Despite this fact, staining with eosin methylene blue according to May-Grunwald made it possible to establish the type of cytogram and assess the dynamics of the wound process within a short time (no more than 7-8 minutes) directly in the preoperative room. The advantages of this method are: the ability to get a conclusion in the shortest possible time, learnability, repeatability, the absence of the need to involve a specialist in laboratory diagnostics. This technique is a surgeon's working tool for practical targeting of the wound, taking into account an objective assessment of the wound process.
EPIDEMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG USE IN MINSK
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Shylava M.A. , Valchuk I.N. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Dotsenko M.L. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the number of people involved in the use of illicit drugs has been actively growing. Drug use is associated not only with a large amount of medical aspects, but also with a number of social problems, such as convictions, employment, etc. The study presents an analysis of medical, social and epidemiological indicators, as well as their dynamic change during 2010-2019 in the population of drug users in Minsk. It was revealed that more than half of registered drug users suffer from the opioid drugs use and characterized by a gradual increase in the proportion of persons using psychostimulants. The majority of persons who were registered with the Healthcare Institution «City Clinical Narcological Dispensary» had secondary education and were single. There was an increase in the share of the working drug users (up to 48.65% (CI 47.31-49.99%, p < 0.05) in 2019) in the social structure. The proportion of drug users convicted more than 2 times in 2010-2019 has significantly increased to 35.95% (CI 34.67-37.25%, p < 0.05) in 2019. The share of drug users who underwent hospital treatment significantly increased by the 2015 and was 32.15% (CI 30.96-33.36%, p < 0.05), but in 2019 this indicator decreased to 17.48% (CI 16.47-18.52%, p < 0,05).
CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE HEART CONDITION IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA WITH CONCOMITANT BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors:   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Nizhny Novgorod Region “Central City Hospital of Arzamas”, Ilushina T. , Grigoryeva N. ,   National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod named after Lobachevsky, Kolosova K. ,   National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod named after Lobachevsky
Published: September 2021

Objective: to analyze the frequency of the combination of coronary heart disease (CHD) and bronchial asthma (BA) in clinical practice and to identify the features of the clinical course of stable angina in concomitant BA of varying severity. Materials and methods. CHD patients with BA were divided into 3 groups depending on the severity of the BA course: Group 1 – CHD with mild persistent BA (38 patients), Group 2 – CHD with moderate persistent BA (52 patients), Group 3 – CHD with severe BA (21 patients). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, as well as daily ECG monitoring and echodopplercardiography (ECHODPCG). Results. The patients of the CHD/mild BA group manifested significant differences from the patients of CHD/moderate BA group (p<0.001) and from the CHD/severe BA group (p<0.001) in the level of systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic blood pressure, which increased with increasing BA severity. According to the ECHODPCG data, there were significant differences between the study groups concerning both the right and left parts of the heart. The data of 24-hour ECG monitoring confirm that the more severe the BA, the more pronounced the ischemic changes in the myocardium are, which suggests a more severe course of CHD. The number of supraventricular extrasystoles and ventricular extrasystoles in the patients with CHD with BA increases significantly with increasing severity of BA. The analysis of the lipid spectrum revealed that hypercholesterolemia increases with the progression of BA. Conclusion. The results of the study show that with an increase in the BA severity in the patients with a combination of BA and CHD there occur more pronounced changes in hemodynamics related to an increase in the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Mutual aggravation and progression in the combination of bronchial asthma and arterial hypertension is based on the commonality of some links of pathogenesis. This can lead to the progression of heart failure and the early development of cardiorespiratory complications. The data indicate that the progression of BA severity is associated with acceleration of the heart rate, as well as with an increase in the frequency of detection of supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles, and major myocardial remodeling affecting both the left and the right parts of the heart. This allows us to conclude that chronic inflammation in BA activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathoadrenal systems, which leads to the development of atherosclerosis and an increase in the severity of CHD.
SARS Co-V-2 CORONAVIRAL INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN (CLINICAL DATA USE "6 City Clinical Hospital")
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Vasilyeva L. ,   6th Minsk City Clinical Hospital, Nikitina E. ,   Belarusian State Medical University,   6th Minsk City Clinical Hospital, Tsarova S. ,   Belarusian State Medical University,   6th Minsk City Clinical Hospital, Gulyaeva L. ,   Belarusian State Medical University,   6th Minsk City Clinical Hospital, Werbitzky V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University,   6th Minsk City Clinical Hospital
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the features of the course of pregnancy in 110 women hospitalized in the Healthcare Institution “6th City Clinical Hospital” of Minsk for SARS CoV-2 coronavirus infection in April-October 2020. The authors studied the anamnestic data of pregnant women, analyzed the clinical data and the data from the instrumental and laboratory examinations of pregnant women with SARS CoV-2 coronavirus infection in the Republic of Belarus. A comparative analysis was carried out dealing with the treatment of pregnant women for coronavirus infection with SARS CoV-2 in a hospital setting.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PSEUDOANEURYSM OF THE FREE LEFT VENTRICLE WALL: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Centre «Cardiology», Kiziukevich O. , Spiridonov S. ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Centre «Cardiology», Zhyhalkovich A. ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Centre «Cardiology», Isachkin D. ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Centre «Cardiology»
Published: September 2021

Today diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of death in many countries. The key role in this pathology is played by ischemic heart disease. An extreme manifestation of ischemic heart disease - myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of complications and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. One of the most formidable complications of acute myocardial infarction is heart rupture, which most often leads to death, more than 60% of cases occurring in the prehospital stage. Many studies of similar groups of patients show a wide spread in assessing the incidence and mortality of this pathology. The development of myocardial ruptures has two frequency peaks: the first day and 5-7 days from the onset of AMI. The most common case is acute rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle with extensive hemorrhage in the pericardium leading to a fulminant death. The development of a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle is a very rare outcome of the myocardial rupture. There are no convincing data on the incidence of pseudoaneurysms as a result of myocardial infarction (according to many authors, it is less than 0.5% of all cases of myocardial infarction). This type of rupture is most favorable in terms of the possibility of providing assistance. The complexity of providing care to patients with pseudoaneurysms of the left ventricle lies in their low frequency of occurrence and often asymptomatic nature of the course, which complicates the diagnosis of this pathology. Timely diagnosis plays a key role in avoiding a fatal outcome, since the vast majority of pseudoaneurysms are extremely unstable and, except occasional cases, require urgent surgical intervention. This article describes a clinical case of a patient who underwent surgical treatment for pseudoaneurysm of the free wall of the left ventricle as a result of myocardial infarction. The article also presents a brief literature review of the available isolated data on risk factors for myocardial rupture, methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.
PANCREATOGENIC MORPHOSTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE HEART, LUNGS AND OTHER TARGET ORGANS IN DESTRUCTIVE PANCREATITIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Koshevsky P. , Alekseyev S. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Popkov O. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Ginyuk V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Bovtiuk N. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Pathomorphological changes in destructive pancreatitis develop both in the pancreas and in various organs and tissues, it determining the clinical course and outcome of the disease. Most often in destructive pancreatitis, the cardiopulmonary system is affected, as well as the liver, kidneys, and brain. Damage to these target organs is one of the main elements of pathogenesis and thanatogenesis in destructive pancreatitis and is of interest not only for surgeons, but also for other clinical specialists, including cardiologists. Aim. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the most common morphostructural changes in the cardiopulmonary system and other target organs based on the results of autopsy reports of the deceased from destructive forms of acute and chronic pancreatitis and to identify the most characteristic morphostructural changes in the target organs. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the findings of histological examination of target organs of 203 patients who died from acute pancreatitis (K.85) and chronic pancreatitis with an outcome of pancreonecrosis (K. 86) in the in-patient surgical departments and intensive care and resuscitation units of Minsk over the period of 2015-2019 was performed. Results. In the course of study, we investigated the nature and structure of morphostructural changes in the pancreas and target organs (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, and stomach) in destructive pancreatitis. Conclusions. In destructive pancreatitis, deep dystrophic, necrotic, circulatory and inflammatory changes are observed not only in the pancreatic tissue, but also in the target organs, which are primarily the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys and brain. In the myocardium, edema, circulatory and dystrophic changes are detected, in the lungs - edema, circulatory changes and alveocyte damage. In the pancreas, necrosis, leukocyte infiltration and hemorrhages are noted, i.e. both necrotic and inflammatory changes are observed at the same time. In the liver, the most typical changes are leukocyte infiltration of the portal tracts, fatty dystrophy of hepatocytes, vascular fullness and dilation of capillaries, central veins and sinusoids. The kidney tissue is dominated by circulatory changes, necrosis and dystrophy of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules, which are the morphological substrate of acute renal failure. Edema, circulatory and dystrophic changes are detected in the brain.
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR ORGANIZING MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BREST REGION (PART 2)
Authors:   Brest Regional Cardiology Dispensary, Pabivantsava N.F. , Surmach M.Yu. ,   Grodno State Medical University
Published: September 2021

The article shows how organizational measures were implemented to improve the organization of medical examinations of patients from cardiovascular risk groups with prognostically unfavorable outcomes on the example of the Brest region. By studying the health indicators of the region's population before and after implementation, the paper analyzes the effectiveness of new organizational technologies. It is established that due to the adopted preventive measures at each territorial site and monitoring the patient's route through databases from the district to the regional level of care, there is a decrease in the cardiovascular primary incidence, including coronary heart disease, with a significant decrease in the rate of acute conditions (acute coronary syndrome). The increase in prevalence indicates increased monitoring of all patients with circulatory diseases and coronary heart disease who were invited for conducting dynamic follow-up (dispensarization) in order to stratify the risks of their complications. Keywords: cardiovascular risk, Brest region, organizational technologies, medical examination, morbidity
Evolution of the stratospheric polar vortex edge intensity and duration in the Southern hemisphere over the 1979–2020 period
Authors: Lecouffe Audrey , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Pazmiño Andrea , Hauchecorne Alain
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The intensity and position of the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex edge is evaluated as a function of equivalent latitude over the 1979–2020 period on three isentropic levels (475 K, 550 K and 675 K) from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. The study also includes an analysis of the onset and breakup dates of the polar vortex, which are determined from wind thresholds (e.g. 15.2 m.s−1, 20 m.s−1and 25 m.s−1) along the vortex edge. The vortex edge is stronger in late winter, over September–October – November with the period of strongest intensity occurring later at the lowermost level. A lower variability of the edge position is observed during the same period. Long-term increase of the vortex edge intensity and break-up date is observed over the 1979–1999 period, linked to the increase of the ozone hole. Long-term decrease of the vortex onset date related to the 25 m.s−1wind threshold is also observed at 475 K during this period. The solar cycle and to a lower extent the quasi-biennal oscillation (QBO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulate the inter-annual evolution of the strength of the vortex edge and the vortex breakup dates. Stronger vortex edge and longer vortex duration is observed in solar minimum (minSC) years, with the QBO and ENSO further modulating the solar cycle influence, especially at 475 K and 550 K: during West QBO (wQBO) phases, the difference between vortex edge intensity for minSC and maxSC years is smaller than during East QBO (eQBO) phases. The polar vortex edge is stronger and lasts longer for maxSC/wQBO years than for maxSC/eQBO years. ENSO has a weaker impact but the vortex edge is somewhat stronger during cold ENSO phases for both minSC and maxSC years.
Reactions of NO3 with aromatic aldehydes: gas-phase kinetics and insights into the mechanism of the reaction
Authors: Ren Yangang , Zhou Li , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Daële Véronique , Idir Mahmoud , Brown Steven S. , Ruscic Branko , Paton Robert S. , McGillen Max R. , Ravishankara A. R.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Rate coefficients for the reaction of NO3 radicals with a
series of aromatic aldehydes were measured in a 7300 L simulation
chamber at ambient temperature and pressure by relative and absolute
methods. The rate coefficients for benzaldehyde (BA), ortho-tolualdehyde
(O-TA), meta-tolualdehyde (M-TA), para-tolualdehyde (P-TA), 2,4-dimethyl
benzaldehyde (2,4-DMBA), 2,5-dimethyl benzaldehyde (2,5-DMBA) and
3,5-dimethyl benzaldehyde (3,5-DMBA) were k1= 2.6 ± 0.3,
k2= 8.7 ± 0.8, k3= 4.9 ± 0.5, k4= 4.9 ± 0.4, k5= 15.1 ± 1.3, k6= 12.8 ± 1.2 and
k7= 6.2 ± 0.6, respectively, in the units of 10−15 cm3 molec.−1 s−1 at 298 ± 2 K. The rate coefficient
k13 for the reaction of the NO3 radical with deuterated
benzaldehyde (benzaldehyde-d1) was found to be half that of k1. The
end product of the reaction in an excess of NO2 was measured to be
C6H5C(O)O2NO2. Theoretical calculations of aldehydic
bond energies and reaction pathways indicate that the NO3 radical reacts
primarily with aromatic aldehydes through the abstraction of an aldehydic
hydrogen atom. The atmospheric implications of the measured rate
coefficients are briefly discussed.
The Brewer–Dobson circulation in CMIP6
Authors: Abalos Marta , Calvo Natalia , Benito-Barca Samuel , Garny Hella , Hardiman Steven C. , Lin Pu , Andrews Martin B. , Butchart Neal , Garcia Rolando , Orbe Clara , Saint-Martin David , Watanabe Shingo , Yoshida Kohei
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) is a key feature of the stratosphere that models need to accurately represent in order to simulate surface climate variability and change adequately. For the first time, the Climate Model Intercomparison Project includes in its phase 6 (CMIP6) a set of diagnostics that allow for careful evaluation of the BDC. Here, the BDC is evaluated against observations and reanalyses using historical simulations. CMIP6 results confirm the well-known inconsistency in the sign of BDC trends between observations and models in the middle and upper stratosphere. Nevertheless, the large uncertainty in the observational trend estimates opens the door to compatibility. In particular, when accounting for the limited sampling of the observations, model and observational trend error bars overlap in 40 % of the simulations with available output. The increasing CO2 simulations feature an acceleration of the BDC but reveal a large spread in the middle-to-upper stratospheric trends, possibly related to the parameterized gravity wave forcing. The very close connection between the shallow branch of the residual circulation and surface temperature is highlighted, which is absent in the deep branch. The trends in mean age of air are shown to be more robust throughout the stratosphere than those in the residual circulation.
The CAMS volcanic forecasting system utilizing near-real time data assimilation of S5P/TROPOMI SO2 retrievals
Authors: Inness Antje , Ades Melanie , Balis Dimitris , Efremenko Dmitry , Flemming Johannes , Hedelt Pascal , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Loyola Diego , Ribas Roberto
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), operated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts on behalf of the European Commission, provides daily analyses and 5-day forecasts of atmospheric composition, including forecasts of volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO2) in near-real time. CAMS currently assimilates total column SO2 retrievals from the GOME-2 instruments on MetOp-B and -C and the TROPOMI instrument on Sentinel-5P which give information about the location and strength of volcanic plumes. However, the operational TROPOMI and GOME-2 retrievals do not provide any information about the height of the volcanic plumes and therefore some prior assumptions need to be made in the CAMS data assimilation system about where to place the resulting SO2 increments in the vertical. In the current operational CAMS configuration, the SO2 increments are placed in the mid-troposphere, around 550 hPa or 5 km. While this gives good results for the majority of volcanic emissions, it will clearly be wrong for eruptions that inject SO2 at very different altitudes, in particular exceptional events where part of the SO2 plume reaches the stratosphere. A new algorithm, developed by DLR for GOME-2 and TROPOMI and optimized in the frame of the ESA-funded Sentinel-5P Innovation–SO2 Layer Height Project, the Full-Physics Inverse Learning Machine (FP_ILM) algorithm, retrieves SO2 layer height from TROPOMI in NRT in addition to the SO2 column. CAMS is testing the assimilation of these data, making use of the NRT layer height information to place the SO2 increments at a retrieved altitude. Assimilation tests with the TROPOMI SO2 layer height data for the Raikoke eruption in June 2019 show that the resulting CAMS SO2 plume heights agree better with IASI plume height retrievals than operational CAMS runs without the TROPOMI SO2 layer height information and that making use of the additional layer height information leads to improved SO2 forecasts than when using the operational CAMS configuration. By assimilating the SO2 layer height data the CAMS system can predict the overall location of the Raikoke SO2 plume up to 5 days in advance for about 20 days after the initial eruption.
Improved parameterization of snow albedo in Noah coupled with Weather Research and Forecasting: applicability to snow estimates for the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Lian , Ma Yaoming , Menenti Massimo , Su Rongmingzhu , Yao Nan , Ma Weiqiang
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Snow albedo is important to the land surface energy balance and to the water
cycle. During snowfall and subsequent snowmelt, snow albedo is usually
parameterized as functions of snow-related variables in land surface models. However, the default snow albedo scheme in the widely used Noah land surface model shows evident shortcomings in land–atmosphere interaction estimates during snow events on the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we demonstrate that our
improved snow albedo scheme performs well after including snow depth as an additional factor. By coupling the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Noah models, this study comprehensively evaluates the performance of the improved snow albedo scheme in simulating eight snow events on the Tibetan Plateau. The modeling results
are compared with WRF run with the default Noah scheme and in situ
observations. The improved snow albedo scheme significantly outperforms the default Noah scheme in relation to air temperature, albedo and sensible heat flux estimates by alleviating cold bias estimates, albedo overestimates and sensible heat flux underestimates, respectively. This in turn contributes to
more accurate reproductions of snow event evolution. The averaged root mean square error (RMSE) relative reductions (and relative increase in correlation coefficients) for
air temperature, albedo, sensible heat flux and snow depth reach 27 % (5 %), 32 % (69 %), 13 % (17 %) and 21 % (108 %), respectively. These results demonstrate the strong potential of our improved
snow albedo parameterization scheme for snow event simulations on the Tibetan Plateau. Our study provides a theoretical reference for researchers committed to further improving the snow albedo parameterization scheme.
Evaluating methods for debris-flow prediction based on rainfall in an Alpine catchment
Authors: Hirschberg Jacob , Badoux Alexandre , McArdell Brian W. , Leonarduzzi Elena , Molnar Peter
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The prediction of debris flows is relevant because this type of natural hazard can pose a threat to humans and infrastructure. Debris-flow (and landslide) early warning systems often rely on rainfall intensity–duration (ID) thresholds. Multiple competing methods exist for the determination of such ID thresholds but have not been objectively and thoroughly compared at multiple scales, and a validation and uncertainty assessment is often missing in their formulation. As a consequence, updating, interpreting, generalizing and comparing rainfall thresholds is challenging. Using a 17-year record of rainfall and 67 debris flows in a Swiss Alpine catchment (Illgraben), we determined ID thresholds and associated uncertainties as a function of record duration. Furthermore, we compared two methods for rainfall definition based on linear regression and/or true-skill-statistic maximization. The main difference between these approaches and the well-known frequentist method is that non-triggering rainfall events were also considered for obtaining ID-threshold parameters. Depending on the method applied, the ID-threshold parameters and their uncertainties differed significantly. We found that 25 debris flows are sufficient to constrain uncertainties in ID-threshold parameters to ±30 % for our study site. We further demonstrated the change in predictive performance of the two methods if a regional landslide data set with a regional rainfall product was used instead of a local one with local rainfall measurements. Hence, an important finding is that the ideal method for ID-threshold determination depends on the available landslide and rainfall data sets. Furthermore, for the local data set we tested if the ID-threshold performance can be increased by considering other rainfall properties (e.g. antecedent rainfall, maximum intensity) in a multivariate statistical learning algorithm based on decision trees (random forest). The highest predictive power was reached when the peak 30 min rainfall intensity was added to the ID variables, while no improvement was achieved by considering antecedent rainfall for debris-flow predictions in Illgraben. Although the increase in predictive performance with the random forest model over the classical ID threshold was small, such a framework could be valuable for future studies if more predictors are available from measured or modelled data.
Enhancing geophysical flow machine learning performance via scale separation
Authors: Faranda Davide , Vrac Mathieu , Yiou Pascal , Pons Flavio Maria Emanuele , Hamid Adnane , Carella Giulia , Ngoungue Langue Cedric , Thao Soulivanh , Gautard Valerie
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Recent advances in statistical and machine learning have opened the possibility of forecasting the behaviour of chaotic systems using recurrent neural networks. In this article we investigate the applicability of such a framework to geophysical flows, known to involve multiple scales in length, time and energy and to feature intermittency. We show that both multiscale dynamics and intermittency introduce severe limitations to the applicability of recurrent neural networks, both for short-term forecasts as well as for the reconstruction of the underlying attractor. We suggest that possible strategies to overcome such limitations should be based on separating the smooth large-scale dynamics from the intermittent/small-scale features. We test these ideas on global sea-level pressure data for the past 40 years, a proxy of the atmospheric circulation dynamics. Better short- and long-term forecasts of sea-level pressure data can be obtained with an optimal choice of spatial coarse graining and time filtering.
Orientation selective grain sublimation–deposition in snow under temperature gradient metamorphism observed with diffraction contrast tomography
Authors: Granger Rémi , Flin Frédéric , Ludwig Wolfgang , Hammad Ismail , Geindreau Christian
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In this study on temperature gradient metamorphism in snow, we investigate the hypothesis that there exists a favourable crystalline orientation relative to the temperature gradient, giving rise to a faster formation of crystallographic facets.
We applied in situ time-lapse diffraction contrast tomography on a snow sample with a density of 476 kg m−3 subject to a temperature gradient of 52 ∘Cm-1 at mean temperatures in the range between −4.1 and −2.1 ∘C for 3 d. The orientations of about 900 grains along with their microstructural evolution are followed over time.
Faceted crystals appear during the evolution, and from the analysis of the material fluxes, we observe higher sublimation–deposition rates for grains with their c axis in the horizontal plane at the beginning of the metamorphism. This remains the case up to the end of the experiment for what concerns sublimation while the differences vanish for deposition. The latter observation is explained in terms of geometrical interactions between grains.
Lealtad y unidad en Miguel de Lastarria y Francisco Magariños. Dos proyectos políticos para el Río de la Plata entre la restauración y el trienio liberal
Authors: Frasquet Ivana
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se pretende un abordaje de lo político desde dos experiencias vitales en las que impactaron las revoluciones de independencia durante los años de la restauración y el trienio liberal. Se trata de dos personajes, Miguel de Lastarria y Francisco Magariños, cuyas vivencias en el marco revolucionario del Río de la Plata impactaron sus horizontes de expectativas y configuraron sus identidades a través de unas posiciones de defensa y lealtad a la monarquía hispánica. En ambos casos, la línea que definió sus posicionamientos políticos ante la crisis monárquica fue la de una postura de absoluta fidelidad a la monarquía, pero que se tradujo en proyectos políticos distintos como solución al conflicto. El análisis de estos proyectos, en el contexto cambiante de la coyuntura revolucionaria a inicios del siglo XIX, permite observar las transferencias culturales y las readaptaciones y modificaciones de unas conductas que, lejos de ser incoherentes, se inscribieron en la lógica de la lealtad como eje primordial para ofrecer una salida adecuada a los conflictos producidos por las independencias.
Disputas políticas en un territorio de frontera. La incorporación de la Provincia Oriental a la monarquía bragantina
Authors: Martínez Renau Laura
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo se centra en analizar los años de 1820-1823 en la ciudad de Montevideo. La capital de la Provincia Oriental fue ocupada en 1817 por las tropas portuguesas y en 1821 formalizó —mediante un Congreso Extraordinario— la incorporación del territorio a la monarquía portuguesa de los Braganza. Es por ello que, cuando triunfó la segunda revolución liberal en España en 1820 y la primera portuguesa, en el mes de agosto de ese mismo año, la provincia, convertida en la Cisplatina, se adhirió al movimiento constitucional portugués. A lo largo de estas páginas veremos cómo fue el proceso de incorporación del territorio a la monarquía bragantina, y cómo se vivió en Montevideo la disputa entre el rey João VI y el príncipe regente don Pedro cuando este último planificó la declaración de independencia del Brasil a lo largo del año de 1822.
Instagram oldal készítése hallgatói projektmunka keretében (@parkapcsolat_keken)
Authors: Hollós Boglárka , Pécsi Petra , Riczkó Zsófia A. , Szabó Judit Nóra
Published: September 2021

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