bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Γλώσσα και σημασία
Authors: Βότη Θεοδώρα
Published: December 2024

Η μελέτη της γλώσσας, με σκοπό την κατανόηση της φυσικής της προέλευσης, όπως αυτή υποδηλώνεται μέσα από τις νοητικές λειτουργίες και τις διεπιστημονικές εφαρμογές της που διέπουν τις δομές της χρήσης της, συνδέεται άμεσα και διαχρονικά με τη φιλοσοφία, ενώ τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες δίνεται έμφαση στα πεδία της γνωσιακής επιστήμης, και της νευροεπιστήμης. Μοναδικό και ανεκτίμητο χάρισμα του ανθρώπου, είναι πλέον γνωστό ότι η γλώσσα ερμηνεύεται μέσα από διανοητικές ικανότητες ανώτερης τάξης. Ένας από τους μεγαλύτερους φιλόσοφους και γλωσσολόγους εν ζωή, ο πολυγραφότατος Noam Chomsky, ασχολήθηκε και ασχολείται με την επιστημονική μελέτη της προέλευσης και κατάκτησης της γλώσσας, συμβάλλοντας τα μέγιστα στη δυναμική εξέλιξη της θεωρητικής και εφαρμοσμένης γλωσσολογίας, προτάσσοντας τη φιλοσοφική της βάση. Η επιτομή της συμβολής αυτής, η θεωρία του περί Καθολικής Γραμματικής, πρεσβεύει, όπως δηλώνει ο τίτλος της, την οικουμενικότητα της γλώσσας, μέσα από την ανάδειξη των κοινών αρχών και παραμέτρων όλων των γλωσσών. Οικουμενική είναι και η ιδέα ότι η γλώσσα κατακτάται μέσα από την ενεργοποίηση της σκέψης και της έμφυτης γνώσης. Βέβαια, παρά την πλατωνική διάσταση της γλώσσας που αναδεικνύει ο Chomsky στη συγγραφή της Καθολικής Γραμματικής, είναι η επιρροή της Αναλυτικής Φιλοσοφίας και συγκεκριμένα της Φιλοσοφίας της Γλώσσας, που συμβάλλει στον καθορισμό και την επιστημονική διερεύνηση της γλώσσας ως δημιουργία. Είναι η δημιουργική της φύση που ανατρέπει κάθε κριτική προσέγγιση που θέλει τη γλωσσική έκφραση ως μίμηση και προϊόν κοινωνικής και πολιτισμικής ώσμωσης μόνο. Ο Chomsky μελετά τη γλώσσα όχι απλά επιστημονικά αλλά αριστοτεχνικά, συνδέοντας με αρμονικό τρόπο τις κλασικές φιλοσοφικές αντιλήψεις με τα ερευνητικά ευρήματα της σύγχρονης εποχής. Διερευνάται συνεπώς η προέλευση της γλώσσας όπως χαρακτηρίζεται και ερμηνεύεται διεπιστημονικά, η πιο σημαντική ‘προίκα’ της ανθρώπινης ύπαρξης και το κυρίαρχο μέσο έκφρασης των σκέψεων και συναισθημάτων που η καθολική ισχύ του, το μετατρέπει δημιουργικά σε μοναδικούς πυρήνες πνευματικής αφύπνισης. Λέξεις- κλειδιά: Γλώσσα, έμφυτη, δημιουργία, Καθολική Γραμματική
Molecular docking and dynamics studies to identify novel active compounds targeting potential breast cancer receptor proteins from an indigenous herb Euphorbia thymifolia Linn
Authors: Kumblekar Vasavi , Kumarchandra Reshma , Ranganath Pai K Sreedhara , K ShamaPrasada , Manandhar Suman , Shastry Rajeshwari , Rai Sharada
Published: December 2024

Background Breast cancer has become the most prevalent disease and its incidence has almost doubled in the Indian population. This increased burden demands new targeted therapies with novel compounds either synthetically produced or derived from indigenous plants, which could be a promising approach for the development of drugs. Euphorbia thymifolia L is a widely growing tropical herb that has been reported to have various ethnopharmacological properties. Although Euphorbia genus is reported to have anticancer properties, E. thymifolia is not reported to have anticancer properties to date. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to screen the phytoconstituents and identify the active compounds present in the methanolic extract of E. thymifolia (ME.ET) as ligands to inhibit human cancer cell lines with special reference to potential protein targets implicated in breast cancer using an In-silico approach. Methods ME.ET was subjected to GC-MS analysis to screen the phytoconstituents, and the identified compounds were docked with protein targets such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1), a serine/threonine kinase-1(AKT1), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), polo-like kinase-1(PLK1), and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK6). Compounds with good docking scores were further subjected to dynamic studies to understand the protein ligand binding stability, ligand pathway calculation, and molecular mechanics energies combined with Poisson-Boltzmann (MM/PBSA) calculations using the Schrodinger suite. Results GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 245 phytoconstituents, 219 of which were unique. When subjected to docking, these phytocompounds, namely 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecane-1,14-diyl dibenzoate (TTDB) and succinic acid, 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 4-isopropylphenyl ester (SADPE), showed good docking scores. Molecular dynamics studies showed a high affinity and low binding energy for TTDB with HER2, ERK1, and SADPE with ER. Conclusions Hence, in this study, we identified two lead compounds in E.thymifolia linn. Further invitro and invivo anticancer studies can be performed to confirm these results and to understand the molecular mechanism by which they exhibit anticancer activity against breast cancer.
International economic law
Authors: Ruchkina Gul'nara , Alekseeva Diana , Alina Vasil'evna , Galushko Dmitriy , Grigorovich Elena , Gulieva Mehriban , Demchenko Maksim , Iglin Aleksey , Ivanova Elena , Matvienko Galina , Simaeva Evgeniya , Chuvahin Petr , Shul'ga Ruslan , Dahnenko Svetlana
Published: December 2024

The structure of the textbook is determined by the authors' desire to consistently reveal the formation and development of international economic law: from financial and economic regulation at the national level to its transition to the interstate level, from classical settlement relations to cryptocurrency. The general part examines the conceptual features of international economic law (including issues of international economic integration, as well as the specifics of resolving economic disputes). In a special part, international trade, contract, financial, investment, tax, bankruptcy, customs and transport law are characterized.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
To ensure the educational process in the disciplines of "International Economic Law", "International protection of economic human rights", "International Dispute Resolution practice", "Law of International Organizations", "International Contract Law".
Analysis and diagnostics of the financial and economic condition of the organization
Authors: Berezhnaya Ol'ga
Published: December 2024

The proposed textbook includes theoretical materials, examples of problem solving, control questions, tests, tasks for practical work on each topic of the discipline "Analysis and diagnostics of the financial and economic condition of the organization". The textbook is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education in the field of training 38.03.02 "Management".
The textbook can be used by teachers, students and postgraduates of economic fields of higher educational institutions and practitioners: economists, analysts, managers.
On the Issue of the Formation of Industrial Policy at the Regional Level
Authors: Savina Irina , Bykova M. , Shishkin Andrey
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the development of industrial policy on the level of the region. In the course of the study, the basic principles were formed on the basis of which it is possible to build the development of various elements of both investment and innovation infrastructure for the interaction of administrative resources at the federal and regional levels. The priorities of the industrial development of the region are formulated. Recommendations in the field of structural and investment policy are given. The necessity of clustering the industrial potential of the region is proved. The necessity of developing regional support based on an individual regional approach in the field of industrial potential development is substantiated. The main tasks of regional development in the field of industrial policy implementation are formulated.
Sexual orientation obsessive-compulsive disorder in cognitive-behavioural therapy - a case study
Authors: Michałowska Sylwia Natalia
Published: December 2024

Rozpoznanie zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsyjnego jest jedną z diagnoz, której obraz w przestrzeni publicznej jest mocno stereotypowy i pozostaje związany z obawami przed zarazkami i zakażeniem, któremu zapobiegać ma nadmiarowa higiena, unikanie i kompulsyjne mycie rąk. Czy w rzeczywistości pacjenci odwiedzający gabinety psychiatryczne i psychoterapeutyczne nie prezentują innego obrazu tego zaburzenia? Praktyka pokazuje, że spektrum objawów jest niezwykle szerokie, a ich dogłębne rozumienie pozwala na adekwatną diagnozę i zastosowanie skutecznych oddziaływań terapeutycznych, redukujących realne cierpienie pacjenta. Celem niniejszego doniesienia jest ukazanie zastosowania terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej w leczeniu pacjentki z diagnozą zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsyjnego związanego z orientacją seksualną. Jako metodę przyjęto opis oraz konceptualizację przypadku 36-letniej pacjentki. Zaprezentowano proces psychoterapii opartej na ekspozycji z powstrzymaniem reakcji. Opisano zastosowane techniki terapeutyczne oraz uzyskane dzięki nim efekty. Pomimo że konieczne są dalsze badania z udziałem wskazanej grupy pacjentów, warto zwrócić uwagę na możliwości i szanse, jakie daje zastosowanie metody, mającej gruntownie potwierdzoną skuteczność w leczeniu innych odmian zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsyjnego.
Styles of group supervision
Authors: Sadzawicka - Olczak Joanna
Published: December 2024

Psychoterapeuci zarówno w trakcie kształcenia, jak i po uzyskaniu kwalifikacji do wykonywania tego zawodu, dostrzegają konieczność poddawania swojej pracy superwizji. Szczególną i szeroko rozpowszechnioną praktyką jest superwizja grupowa. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jak styl prowadzącego grupę w zestawieniu z jej dynamiką i charakterystyką prowadzi do ukształtowania się specyficznego typu superwizji grupowej. W artykule przedstawiono poglądy na superwizję psychodynamiczną i funkcjonowanie grup z perspektywy analitycznej, poprzez odniesienie do podstawowych założeń sformułowanych przez Wilfreda Biona, dysfunkcji grup w ujęciu Morrisa Nitsuna i dysfunkcji superwizora w ujęciu Robina McGlashana. Zasadniczym punktem odniesienia jest jednak analiza grup superwizyjnych przeprowadzona przez Brigid Proctor i Francescę Inskipp, która pozwoliła im wyodrębnić i scharakteryzować trzy podstawowe typy takich grup: autorytarny, uczestniczący i współpracujący. Odrębnym typem jest grupa bez lidera, czyli grupa superwizji koleżeńskiej. Świadomość reguł, jakimi rządzą się określone grupy, pozwala zadbać o efektywny i kreatywny proces superwizji — zamiast dogmatycznie preferować dany styl pracy.
Study of the Performance and Determinants of Initial Coin Offering
Authors: Ben Aissia Dorsaf , Eddine Chakroun Alaa
Published: December 2024

The aim of the paper is to study the relationship between the performanceand the determinants of initial coin offering. We use panel data and multiple regressionmodels to measure the impact of the determinants of the initial coin offering on its performance. Based on a sample of 3,498 ICOs issued between January 2019 and December2023, we find that the reputation of the founding team, the quality of the informationmaterials provided to stakeholders, the market liquidity, and regulatory complianceare closely related to ICO Performance. The implications of these findings are indeedsubstantial, as they have far-reaching effects on all participants in the ICO market. Forentrepreneurs, the results highlight that success in ICOs depends not only on innovativeideas but also on effective governance and transparent communication. This underscoresthe importance of factors beyond the core technology or concept in determining the success of ICOs and emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies thatencompass governance and communication practices.
Real Options Approach to the Pre-Closing Process of a Merger and Acquisition: An Exploratory Study in the French Context
Authors: Flah Ines Ben
Published: December 2024

The research objective of the article is to understand the real options’ generatingprocess during the various stages of the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) projects. In fact, the significant increase in the number of publications on M&A using thereal option method from the mid 1990’s to today contrasts with the low average rateof its utilization by managers. In Europe, only 6% of CFOs in large companies claim touse the real options method in their capital budgeting process (Horn, Kjærland, Molnár& Steen, 2015). This is due to a lack of familiarity with this method. On this basis,we will resume the main theoretical work concerning the optional approach in M&A. The applied research method aims to enrich and complete this literature by identifyingthe different types of real options related to M&A projects based on a qualitativeand exploratory research study and carried out with experts involved in the FrenchM&A market (investment bankers, merger and acquisition consultants, strategy advisor,financial transaction services manager and accounting experts). By analyzing thediscourse of these experts, the outcome of the research identifies real options in all thephases leading up to the closing of an M&A operation. The main conclusions of this research highlight the qualitative role of real options in managing the pre-closing processof a M&A by breaking down each stage of this process into a multitude of options.
Governance and Organizational Performance in the Era of Local and Regional Authorities in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Case of Cameroonian Municipalities
Authors: Tchatchoua Nya Magloire , Kemgn Georgette Moyum , Djeudja Rovier , Tzegouo Marie Alvisse , MESSIE PONDIE Thierry
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is specially to evaluate the effect of the governancestructures, the functioning of governance bodies, the characteristics of non-conventionalgovernance actors and the non-conventional regulatory body at play in the municipalitieson the organisational performance in the context of decentralisation. Totest those four hypotheses, the study employs a quantitative analysis using the feasiblegeneralised least squares method panel data from the “GUICHET-Performance- PNDP”were cross-tabulated with the primary data relating to the independent variables, collectedby questionnaire. The results show that, unlike non-conventional practices,structural and conventional (regulatory) local governance practices have no effect onthe performance of organisations. These results, serve as a reminder to political leadersfor the urgent need for good practices and transparency in other to strengthen organisationalperformance at local levels. The results of this research also confirm theimportance of institutional bodies establishing a vigorous policy in support of decentralisation. Such a policy would contribute to improving decentralisation at all levels inCameroon.
Effectiveness of Bacterial Lysates as Immune-Boosting Supplements: Evaluating a Novel Approach to Immune Health
Authors: Mąsior Gabriela , Dowgiert Szymon , Ambroziewicz Zuzanna , Siemiątkowski Robert , Łata Michał , Chruściel Joanna , Grabowska Hanna , Kamiński Jakub , Więcław Katarzyna , Sikorska Małgorzata
Published: December 2024

The increasing prevalence of recurrent infections and immune-related disorders has intensified the search for effective immune-modulating interventions. Bacterial lysates, derived from inactivated bacterial components, have emerged as promising immune-boosting supplements. These lysates activate both innate and adaptive immune responses by interacting with pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), triggering signaling pathways that enhance immune surveillance and pathogen recognition. Among the most extensively studied is OM-85, which has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency and severity of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and modulating immune pathways involved in asthma and allergic rhinitis. This review evaluates the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles of bacterial lysates, particularly focusing on their role in preventing RTIs and managing chronic inflammatory diseases. Evidence supports their potential to reduce antibiotic use and improve overall clinical outcomes in both pediatric and adult populations. Despite their general safety, certain contraindications exist, especially in patients with hypersensitivity or autoimmune conditions. Further research is required to optimize their use, particularly in immunocompromised populations and for broader applications, such as viral infections. Bacterial lysates represent a novel, cost-effective approach to enhancing immune health and reducing the global reliance on antibiotics.
The effectiveness of music therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rehan Dominka , Szydziak Joanna , Hrapkowicz Aleksandra , Janowska Kinga , Szeidl Olga , Wołoszczak Julia , Wołoszczak Julia , Mioskowska Agnieszka , Dąbkowska Daria
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is caused by the degeneration of brain cells due to the accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau - containing neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular plaques of amyloid-beta peptide. While pharmacotherapy remains the main form of treatment (including cholinesterase inhibitors and antagonists to NMDA), various non-pharmacological therapy modalities have gained increasing attention as complementary treatment options, such as music therapy.
Purpose of the study: This review examines the role of music therapy as an important complement to baseline therapy for AD patients, focusing on indications, methods, and the prospect of music therapy.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing 48 studies from the PubMed database (English-language, up to November 2024) that assess the efficacy, methods, and prospect of music therapy as an adjunctive therapy in Alzheimer’s disease.
Conclusions: Music therapy is an established and effective supportive treatment for AD patients. It has demonstrated clinical success over many years as a tool for engaging multiple motor and sensory areas, shaping emotions, and evoking memories. This may be due to activating limbic and paralimbic structures, enhancing neuroplasticity, and modulating neurotransmitter systems. Despite the observable benefits of music therapy, the methodological limitations of existing studies highlight the need for further long-term research to standardize treatment approaches.
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Tinnitus - a literature review
Authors: Piekarska Martyna , Dąbek Katarzyna , Ochwat Michał , Sudoł Maria , Mierzwa Gabriela , Kajtel Aleksandra , Skowronek Anna
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose
 Primary tinnitus involves the perception of various types of sounds, usually without the presence of an external or internal stimulus (we then speak of primary tinnitus). Secondary tinnitus is rare, but should be ruled out at the beginning of the diagnostic process, as it can result from a serious disease. The issue of ear noise is a widespread problem in primary care. The purpose of our article was to summarize information on tinnitus, its risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
 
Materials and methods
 To write this article, databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: tinnitus, tinnitus treatment, tinnitus cognitive behavioral therapy.
 
Description of the state of knowledge
 There are many mechanisms that can lead to tinnitus. Since they often coexist with hearing loss, tinnitus is thought to be a response to sensory deprivation. In diagnosis, it is very important to take a thorough medical history to distinguish primary from secondary tinnitus, which determines further management of the patient. Due to the truncated knowledge of the pathophysiology of tinnitus, there are no clear guidelines for the treatment of tinnitus. There are various therapeutic options available, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, sound therapy, somatosensory therapy, neuromodulation and hypnosis. They improve patients' quality of life, however, reliable data confirming reductions in tinnitus intensity is often lacking.
 
Conclusions
 Tinnitus is a commonly encountered condition. Although significant research has been conducted, our understanding, particularly of its pathophysiology, remains incomplete. This makes it difficult to develop effective treatment.
Bicuspid Aortic Valve – Therapeutic Options Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Grubski Damian , Ziarnik Kacper , Nadolny Filip , Jabłoński Jędrzej , Kania Martyna , Adamowska Agnieszka , Śniatała Alicja , Bartkowiak Hanna
Published: December 2024

Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect, characterized by the presence of two cusps of the valve instead of three. This defect leads to hemodynamic and morphological disturbances, potentially resulting in serious health complications. BAV often remains asymptomatic for a long time, with symptoms eventually arising from valve degeneration along with the remodeling of the heart and aortic root, which are consequences of the initial condition. The aim of this study is to compile information regarding the defect, current treatment options, and potential new therapeutic directions. The classical approach for treatment is surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), which involves replacing the abnormal valve with either a mechanical or biological prosthesis through access via sternotomy. Mechanical valves are characterized by their longer lifespan but require ongoing anticoagulant therapy, whereas biological valves do not necessitate anticoagulation, although they tend to have a shorter durability. An alternative to SAVR is minimally invasive transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), which offers a shorter recovery time but limited long-term durability data restricts its use in younger patients. Other treatment options include the Ross procedure and valvuloplasty procedures, which may serve as viable solutions for pediatric patients. Despite the availability of different treatment methods, the selection of an appropriate therapeutic strategy remains a challenge, as each option carries distinct benefits and risks. Patient education plays a crucial role in the decision-making process, helping to alleviate anxiety and improve treatment outcomes. Emerging fields such as medical bioengineering might offer promising solutions in the future for patients with BAV.
Proton pump inhibitors - possible side effects of long-term therapy: a review
Authors: Kowalewski Jan , Bęben Damian , Pyc Grzegorz , Kowalewski Łukasz
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which have been on the market for more than 30 years, are widely regarded as safe and effective medications. For this reason, they are very popular with both doctors and patients. PPIs find their use in the treatment of such ailments as gastroesophageal reflux, gastric ulcer disease or as a shielding therapy when taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, their long-term use may be associated with many side effects. The purpose of our review is to summarize the knowledge in the current medical literature on the possible complications of chronic use of PPIs.
The review is based on 30 articles from the most recent publications on chronic PPI treatment. Publications were searched for the words PPI chronic therapy, gastric cancer, omeprazole in PubMed databases. Articles from 2018-2024 represent 70% of all publications from the references. 
A brief description of the state of knowledge: Although the use of PPIs in the short term is relatively safe, the number of people taking these drugs has increased significantly in recent years. They are prescribed not always as indicated, patients often take them for too long - this in turn leads to an increasing incidence of side effects. Some of them can permanently affect health and significantly reduce the comfort of life - such as kidney diseases, cardiovascular disorders or gastric cancer.
Summary: Considering the widespread availability and popularity of PPIs, it is important to adequately educate both patients and healthcare professionals of the possible side effects. It is crucial to use medications as prescribed, with an appropriate assessment of the risk-benefit ratio. It might result in reducing health care expenditures to deal with the consequences of IPP therapy.
GAMEMOTRICIDADE E COGNIÇÃO
Authors: Macedo Santos Alan , Cardoso da Silveira Guilherme , Prudência dos Santos Caminha Vera Lúcia
Published: December 2024

Delineando a discussão, reflexão e elucidação do potencial do uso do videogame imersivo como recurso pedagógico, apresentamos a Gamemotricidade, que conceitua-se como o uso de realidade virtual através do videogame, óculos V.R, entre outros no desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas, funcionais, psicomotoras e socioemocionais. Este relato de experiência é fruto de observações do pesquisador e seus colaboradores numa pesquisa qualitativa que levanta dados e resultados importantes ao uso do videogame Xbox360 com Kinect e alguns de seus jogos em estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) de 4 a 8 anos de idade. Nos apropriamos de discussões da neurociência em desenvolvimento/aprendizagem, assim como em Squire (2003), que propõe uma ressignificação do olhar social para o uso de videogames. A relevância na concepção deste trabalho se consolida na teoria de Lévy (2003) quando apresenta a inteligência coletiva como a que se dissemina entre todos os indivíduos na humanidade. Os resultados desta pesquisa destacam o potencial do equipamento tecnológico no desenvolvimento da cognição de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) numa proposta pedagógica estruturada. Concluímos que a escola precisa dialogar com as novas gerações, ressignificando seu papel na atualidade e incluindo novas ferramentas de ensino – de maneira responsável e teoricamente amparadas - que sejam engajadoras, focando nas múltiplas aprendizagens.
Current strategies, advances, and challenges in multi-epitope subunit vaccine development for African swine fever virus
Authors:   Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City 1634, Philippines., Sira Ella Mae Joy S. , Banico Edward C. ,   Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City 1634, Philippines., Fajardo Lauren Emily ,   Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City 1634, Philippines, Odchimar Nyzar Mabeth O. ,   Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City 1634, Philippines, Simbulan Alea Maurice ,   Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City 1634, Philippines, Orosco Fredmoore L. ,   Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City 1634, Philippines,   Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
Published: December 2024

African Swine Fever (ASF), a highly contagious and lethal viral disease affecting swine populations, presents a critical global threat with no approved vaccine. Traditional approaches such as whole virus-based vaccines have several limitations, prompting interest in peptide-based subunit vaccines. However, the inefficacy of existing peptides and the complexity of the ASFV genome further complicate antigen screening. Immunoinformatics has addressed this challenge by utilizing bioinformatics tools for the design and evaluation of multi-epitope subunit vaccines. Although multi-epitope subunit vaccines offer safety advantages, their potential to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses is crucial for protective immunity against ASFV infection. Despite the growing interest in computational vaccine design, a notable gap exists in in vivo confirmation studies. This review addresses the challenges and advances in ASFV multi-epitope subunit vaccine development, underlining the urgency of a safe and effective vaccine given ASF's global impact on swine populations and associated economic losses.
Early-life development of spleen in white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A morphometric and histochemical analysis
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq, Altaey Omar Younis , Hasan Ali Ahmed ,   Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq, Alhaaik Ammar Ghanim ,   Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
Published: December 2024

The spleen's significant immunological and protective role has long inspired researchers to explore its developmental characteristics. This study intended to understand the splenic morphological developmental changes during postnatal life. Samples obtained form 25 (Oryctolagus cuniculus) white rabbits, divided into five age groups in :1, 10, 15, 30, and 90 postnatal days. The samples were measured to determine the length, breadth, thickness, and weight. afterward, the samples sectioned and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stains (MTs). And for histochemical analysis, additional slides were stained with Periodic acid schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue (AB) 2.5 pH stains. The histological measurements included the thickness of the capsule and trabeculae, diameter of white pulp follicle, and central artery, and the ratio of white and red pulps. The macroscopic findings showed a significant increase in dimensional measurements. Histologically, the capsule and trabeculae exhibited thickening, and the diameter of the white pulp follicles and central arteries expanded. And the splenic sinuses enlarged with age progression. The histochemical evaluation revealed intense staining with PAS in the capsule, trabeculae, and walls of splenic arteries in first postnatal day group, with moderate staining affinity in the other groups. Furthermore, there was positive staining with AB in the white pulp follicles of the first postnatal day group compared to weaker staining affinity in the older age groups. This study demonstrated that the critical development period begins after birth and continues until 30 postnatal days. During this period, the development of the immune response triggers significant alterations in the spleen's structural, morphometric, and histochemical parameters.
Effects of vitamin E, green tea polyphenols, and Ocimum gratissimum leaf essential oil as a supplement to extender on frozen-thawed canine sperm quality
Authors:   Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam, Van Vui Nguyen , Ponchunchoovong Samorn ,   School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, Kupittayanant Sajeera ,   School of Preclinical Science, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, Kupittayanant Pakanit ,   School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Published: December 2024

During cryopreservation, oxidative stress is a principal cause of reducing the quality of frozen canine sperm. To prolong the longevity of canine sperm, adding vitamin E, green tea polyphenols, and Ocimum gratissimum essential oil in the semen extender was fulfilled to assess the effects of these antioxidant substances on frozen canine sperm quality. A total of twelve ejaculates were collected from three American Bully dogs in this study. The sperm straws were frozen in a programmable freezer at a freezing rate of 5°C/min from 4 to -15°C and 20°C/min from -15 to -100°C. The sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane, and acrosome membrane integrity parameters were used to evaluate the quality of canine sperm using computer-assisted sperm analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope. The sperm lipid peroxidation was conducted using a Thiobarbituric acid assay. The results presented that the canine frozen-thawed sperm motility parameters in all the treatments showed no remarkable difference (P>0.05). In addition, although the antioxidant activity of the vitamin E and green tea polyphenols were higher than that of the Ocimum gratissimum essential oil, the value of mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane, and acrosome membrane parameters of frozen-thawed sperm in the Ocimum gratissimum essential oil extender were higher than those in the rest extenders and had a noticeable difference compared to the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, Ocimum gratissimum essential oil is superior to vitamin E and green tea polyphenols in protecting canine sperm during the process of freezing and thawing.
Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance, and Blood Parameters of Kacang Goats with GDF9 Genotype
Authors:   Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Animal Science and Industry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, - Kustantinah , Irawan Arif ,   Graduate School of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Hartatik Tety ,   Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Bintara Sigit ,   Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Animal Science and Industry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Astuti Andriyani ,   Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Animal Science and Industry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the different growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genotypes in Kacang goats and their influence on the animals’ nutrient intake, digestibility, digestible nutrients, performance, and blood chemical composition. Twenty-five Kacang goats underwent PCR-RFLP using the MspI enzyme to determine their genotype. Genotyping results showed that 16 Kacang goats had the AA genotype, whereas 9 had the AC genotype. Following a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial pattern, the goats were divided into two diet groups (consisting of both genotypes): Diet 1 consisted of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) supplemented ad libitum and 400 g of concentrate, and Diet 2 was a total mixed ration. No significant interaction effect (P > 0.05) between diet and genotype on nutrient intake, digestible nutrients dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), nitrogen free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and nitrogen of neutral detergent fiber (N-NDF), and nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NFE, NDF, and N-NDF). However, a significant interaction effect between diet and genotype (P < 0.05) was observed for CP digestibility and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Diet 1 reduced OM consumption by 15.16%, NFE by 26.87%, and digestible NFE nutrients by 31.29% compared with Diet 2. The average daily gain and relative daily gain (%) were lower in Diet 1 compared to Diet 2. The goats with the AC genotype exhibited higher CP digestibility and had the lowest BUN levels compared with those with the AA genotype. This study concluded that providing high-quality feed to goats results in their good performance, and Kacang goats with the AC genotype demonstrates more optimal CP digestibility and performance compared with those with the AA genotype.
Open-field and tonic immobility responses in broiler chickens administered lycopene
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City. Nigeria., Ogundeji Tunde , Olusegun Ayo Joseph ,   Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, P. O. Box 2555, Zaria, Nigeria.
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to evaluate behavioural responses in broiler chickens administered with lycopene and subjected to open field (OF) and tonic immobility (TI) tests. A total of 100 broiler chicks, divided into five groups of 20 chickens each, were used in experiments I and II. Experiment I had control A and lycopene groups, and Experiment II involved control B, habituation (HB), and habituation+lycopene (HB+Lyco) groups. The olive oil or mixed lycopene was administered by oral gavage once daily, commencing at 07:00 h (GMT+1), to each bird for 28 days for Experiment I and 21 days for Experiment II. In Experiment I, the OF test was conducted on days 14 and 28, while in Experiment II, 4-day habituation training was carried out in the HB and HB+Lyco groups from days 17 to 20, followed by the TI test in each of the three groups on day 21. The results of the OF test indicated a reduced (P ˂ 0.05) number of lines crossed, vocalisation, number of jumps, and defecation in the lycopene group compared to control A. An increased (P < 0.05) TI duration was recorded in control B compared to the HB group. Lycopene administration for 21 days increased (P < 0.05) the TI duration value in the HB+Lyco group compared to the HB group. In conclusion, lycopene administration increased fearfulness in broiler chickens, as evidenced by high fear responses during OF and TI tests. This may be due to the decreased ability to habituate to fear-eliciting stimuli in broiler chickens administered lycopene.
Therapeutic role of Thymol, Propolis and Balanites aegyptiaca against experimental Toxocara vitulorum infection
Authors:   Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Assiut Governorate 71511, Egypt, Kuraa Huda Mohammed , S. Malek S. ,   Infectious Diseases, Department of animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71511. Egypt, I. A. M. Abdel-Rahman I. A. M. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt, A. H. M. El Hendy ,   Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Assiut Governorate 71511, Egypt
Published: December 2024

Toxocara vitulorum (T. vitulorum) is a significant intestinal nematode that has led to a large global economic loss for farm animals. While there is a paucity of safe and effective anthelmintic drug development against it. Thus, this work aimed to estimate the antiparasitic effect of Thymol, Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca), and propolis as an alternative treatments against T. vitulorum larvae in vivo. To achieve this purpose, the embryonation of T. vitulorum eggs were done in vitro. Then, a total of thirty female wester rats were divided into six groups (5 each). Infected rats were orally inoculated by 2500 eggs containing third stage larvae. These groups were (control negative), (control positive), treated with (piperazine citrate 300 mg/kg), (thymol 40 mg/kg), (B. aegyptiaca 250 mg/kg), and (propolis 100 mg/kg). Parasitological and histopathological responses of all treated groups were evaluated at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi). Microscopical examination of lung, liver (pepsin digested organs) and brain (squashed method) were used for counting of larvae. The numbers of larvae reduced at 14 dpi and accomplished the highest reduction in Thymol group (75%) followed by Propolis group (55.8%) and B. aegyptiaca group (53.8%) than in control positive group. Histopathological examination proved that thymol followed by propolis and B. aegyptiaca extracts were effective in improving the pathological changes and had a good effect on organ damage protection that was caused by T. vitulorum larvae. So, they can be used as an alternative, safe, and effective treatment of T. vitulorum infection.
Categorical criterion for existence of universal $C^*$ - algebras
Authors: Gumerov Renat Nelsonovich , Lipacheva Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Shishkin Kirill Andreevich
Published: December 2024

We deal with categories, which determine universal $C^*$ - algebras. These categories are called the compact $C^*$ - relations. They were introduced by T.A. Loring. Given a set $X,$ a compact $C^*$ - relation on $X$ is a category, the objects of which are functions from $X$ to $C^*$ - algebras, and morphisms are $\ast$ - homomorphisms of $C^*$ - algebras making the appropriate triangle diagrams commute. Moreover, these functions and $\ast$ - homomorphisms satisfy certain axioms. In this article, we prove that every compact $C^*$ - relation is both complete and cocomplete. As an application of the completeness of compact $C^*$ - relations, we obtain the criterion for the existence of universal $C^*$ - algebras.
Effective factorization of third order Hölder matrix function in some classes
Authors: Kiyasov Sergej Nikolaevich
Published: December 2024

We consider a homogeneous linear conjugation problem for a three - dimensional piecewise analytic vector on a simple smooth closed contour partitioning the plane of a complex variable into two regions. To each solution of the problem, we assign a triple of functions which are quotients of limiting values on the contour from the corresponding regions of the components of this solution. We provide identities relating the entries of $H$ - continuous matrix function of the linear conjugation problem ensuring the existence of two of its solutions for which the corresponding components of the triples are proportional and the problem itself admits a solution in closed form.
Operator estimates for non - periodic perforation along boundary: homogenized Dirichlet condition
Authors: Mukhametrakhimova Albina Ishbuldovna
Published: December 2024

We consider a boundary value problem for a second - order elliptic equation with variable coefficients in a multidimensional domain perforated by small cavities along the boundary. We suppose that the sizes of all cavities are of the same order, and their shape and distribution along the boundary can be arbitrary. The cavities are arbitrarily divided into two sets. The Dirichlet condition is imposed on the boundaries of cavities in the first set, and a nonlinear Robin boundary condition is imposed on the boundaries of cavities in the second set. The Neumann condition is imposed on the boundary along which the perforation is arranged. It is assumed that the cavities with the Dirichlet condition are not too small and are located fairly closely. We shown that under such assumptions, the cavities disappear under the homogenization, and the Dirichlet condition arises on the boundary. Our main result is estimates for the difference between the solutions of the homogenized and perturbed problems in the $W_2^1$ - norm uniformly in the $L_2$ - norm of the right hand side.
Numerical simulation of coherent summation of laser beams in the presence of non-idealities in the dipole focusing system
Authors: Bulanov D. N. , Khazanov E. A. , Shaykin A. A. , Korzhimanov A. V.
Published: December 2024

A programming library was developed, based on Stratton–Chu diffraction integrals for calculating reflected optical fields. Dipole-type focusing schemes with a tunable number of beams and mirror placements were studied, considering the influence of phase distortion and aberrations. The intensity above 3×1026W/cm2 was found theoretically attainable in a system of 12 beams of 50 PW each, with about 90% of that value realistically achievable.
Structural design and simulation of a MOEMS gyroscope based on subwavelength grating detection
Authors: Li RuoXi , Jia XinRui , Guo Shangzhou , Sun Wenqiang , Jin Li , Xie KunYang , Li MengWei
Published: December 2024

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, out-of-plane microelectromechanical system (MOEMS) gyroscope based on Wood’s type anomaly utilizing a subwavelength grating pair has been proposed. Based on this anomalous diffraction phenomenon, tiny changes in the displacement of the nanostructured grating elements lead to a dramatic increase or decrease of the optical diffraction amplitude. With this special feature, this structure is ideal to measure the weak Coriolis force of an MOEMS gyroscope. A simulation model of the gyroscope has been developed, with results indicating that the structure achieves good modal matching and a structural sensitivity of 0.094 nm/°/s. Optimal parameters for the subwavelength grating pair are determined through optimization design, and a tolerance analysis is conducted on several grating parameters, resulting in an optical diffraction sensitivity of 10.4%/nm. Finally, a model of the MOEMS gyroscope system was implemented in the Simulink module. Utilizing parameter values obtained from calculations, simulations of the subwavelength grating-based gyroscope yielded a total sensitivity of 3.04 mV/°/s and a theoretical noise floor of 5.1×10−5°/s/Hz. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the design and fabrication of an MOEMS gyroscope featuring subwavelength gratings.
Toward tunable pixelated microwave metamaterial for multiple sensing
Authors: Shahzad A. , Ahmed S. , Naqvi Q. A. , Ibrahim Abdel-Baset M. A. , Choudhury Pankaj K.
Published: December 2024

An investigation was made of a specially designed pixelated metamaterial, with the top metasurface comprising square pixels of SrTiO3 and graphene, deposited over an indium antimonide (InSb) layer, with the bottom substrate being the SiO2 dielectric medium. Beneath the bottom, a thin copper layer blocks transmission. Emphasizing the absorption characteristics, artificial tunability was explored in the GHz frequency range under the electric and/or magnetic bias as the external stimuli. Apart from the polarization-insensitive properties, nearly perfect absorption was noticed within the 42.5–58.0 GHz frequency range while considering the isotropic and anisotropic conditions of the InSb layer. The developed pixelated metasurface demonstrates temperature sensitivities of ≈0.37GHz/∘C for an initial temperature increase from −5∘C to 0°C, and ≈0.01GHz/∘C as the temperature rises from 20°C to 25°C under isotropic conditions. Additionally, a maximum magnetic field sensitivity of around 6 GHz/T was observed for the anisotropic case. The findings demonstrate the versatility and potential of the proposed metamaterial for multi-functional sensing applications in the GHz range, particularly within the V-band, owing to its exceptional performance under varying thermal, electrical, and magnetic environments. The novelty of this work lies in the unique material combination, design robustness, and exploration of both the isotropic and anisotropic conditions, enabling tunable, polarization-insensitive high-performance absorption in the GHz range for advanced reconfigurable sensing and communication applications.
Self-balanced and self-phase-corrected electro-optic sampling in a birefringent crystal
Authors: Carnio B. N. , Zhang M. , Zawilski K. T. , Schunemann P. G. , Moutanabbir O. , Elezzabi A. Y.
Published: December 2024

Mid-to-far-infrared (IR) spectral content is recorded using the novel self-balanced and self-phase-corrected electro-optical (EO) sampling arrangement. Self-balancing guarantees that the electric field emerging from the EO crystal yields a signal of zero via a Wollaston prism and balanced photodetector (i.e., without a wave plate following the EO crystal) in the absence of the electric field being sampled. Moreover, self-phase-correction ensures a nearly frequency-independent phase difference between the probe electric field pulse and the electric field pulse generated within the EO crystal via second-order nonlinear optical interactions. The self-balanced and self-phase corrected arrangement has the potential to yield enhancement of EO signals recorded using previously investigated birefringent crystals (implemented within traditional EO sampling geometries) and deliver optimum EO signal strengths when considering unexplored birefringent crystals.