bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to improve elderly users' intention to use public digital cultural services: from the perspective of trust
Authors: Hua Yuwen , Sun Honglei Lia , Chen Ya
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between elderly users' trust in public digital cultural services (PDCS) and their intention to use PDCS, and reveal the factors affecting their intentions from the perspective of trust to make recommendations that will increase their intention to use PDCS.

Design/methodology/approach

Combined with the trust building model and social exchange theory, this study constructed a conceptual model of elderly users' intention to use PDCS. Data collected from Chinese elderly users who have reached the age of 60 through questionnaire surveys were tested using the structural equation model with partial least squares. Finally, the authors proposed a model of elderly users' intention to use PDCS.

Findings

This study finds that elderly users' trust positively affects their intention to use PDCS from two aspects: service features and user features of PDCS. Concerning the service features, system quality directly affects elderly users' trust in PDCS most significantly, followed by information quality and service reputation. Concerning the user features, perceived value has a higher impact on elderly users' trust than that of service features, and information literacy and information quality directly affect perceived value.

Originality/value

This study adds new knowledge to the users' behavior of PDCS and enriches the prior description of PDCS. The recommendations made in this study provide a series of strategies for practitioners and researchers to improve the elderly users' intention to use PDCS and bridge the silver digital divide, which offers new ideas for improving the efficiency of PDCS.
The influence of competitive personality on rationalized knowledge hiding among Chinese employees
Authors: Wu Dongmei , Liu Ersi
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between competitive personality (CMP) and rationalized knowledge hiding (KH) and to explore the mediating effects of knowledge-based psychological ownership (KPO) and organization-based PO (OPO) by developing a mediating framework.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from the ordinary employees of listed companies in China (2022) via a Web-based survey. The total number of valid samples was 337. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the reliability and validity of the constructs, and structural equation modeling was used to verify the direct and mediating effects.

Findings

The findings revealed a positive relationship between CMP and rationalized KH (RKH). KPO plays a positive mediating role between CMP and RKH, whereas OPO plays a negative mediating role between CMP and RKH.

Research limitations/implications

First, although the questionnaire collection is split into two sessions to reduce common method variation, there is inevitably some risk, as the questionnaires are all reported by the same respondent. Second, this study examined the effects of CMP on RKH based on the Chinese cultural context, but the applicability of this finding to cross-cultural contexts warrants further study. In the future, researchers can conduct cross-cultural comparisons to determine the generalizability of the findings.

Practical implications

This study helps managers to better identify the RKH behaviors that exist in organizations, understand the reasons and processes behind employees’ KH and facilitate more effective knowledge management by managers.

Originality/value

This study uses CMP as an important indicator of employees’ RKH behavior, enriches the research related to the antecedent variables of RKH and reveals the influence mechanism between CMP and RKH from the perspective of PO, and the findings can help researchers and managers understand the process and antecedents of RKH so that timely interventions can be implemented.
The great obstetrical syndromes and the placenta
Authors: Hoffman Matthew K.
Published: August 2023

Although historically pre‐eclampsia, preterm birth, abruption, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth have been viewed as clinically distinct entities, a growing body of literature has demonstrated that the placenta and its development is the root cause of many cases of these conditions. This has led to the term ‘the great obstetrical syndromes’ being coined to reflect this common origin. Although these conditions mostly manifest in the second half of pregnancy, a failure to complete deep placentation (the transition from histiotrophic placentation to haemochorial placenta at 10–18 weeks of gestation via a second wave of extravillous trophoblast invasion), is understood to be key to the pathogenesis of the great obstetrical syndromes. While the reasons that the placenta fails to achieve deep placentation remain active areas of investigation, maternal inflammation and thrombosis have been clearly implicated. From a clinical standpoint these mechanisms provide a biological explanation of how low‐dose aspirin, which affects the COX‐1 receptor (thrombosis) and the COX‐2 receptor (inflammation), prevents not just pre‐eclampsia but all the components of the great obstetrical syndromes if initiated early in pregnancy. The optimal dose of low‐dose aspirin that is maximally effective in pregnancy remains a question open for further research. Additionally, other candidate medications have been identified that may also prevent pre‐eclampsia, and further study of them may offer therapeutic options beyond low‐dose aspirin. Interestingly, three of the eight identified compounds (hydroxychloroquine, metformin and pravastatin) are known to decrease inflammation.
New trends in the development of photodynamic inactivation against planktonic microorganisms and their biofilms in food system
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhao Yong , Wu Weiliang , Zeng Qiaohui , Wang Jing Jing
Published: August 2023

The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a novel and effective nonthermal inactivation technology. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the bactericidal ability of endogenous photosensitizers (PSs)‐mediated and exogenous PSs‐mediated PDI against planktonic bacteria and their biofilms, as well as fungi. In general, the PDI exhibited a broad‐spectrum ability in inactivating planktonic bacteria and fungi, but its potency was usually weakened in vivo and for eradicating biofilms. On this basis, new strategies have been proposed to strengthen the PDI potency in food system, mainly including the physical and chemical modification of PSs, the combination of PDI with multiple adjuvants, adjusting the working conditions of PDI, improving the targeting ability of PSs, and the emerging aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). Meanwhile, the mechanisms of PDI on eradicating mono‐/mixed‐species biofilms and preserving foods were also summarized. Notably, the PDI‐mediated antimicrobial packaging film was proposed and introduced. This review gives a new insight to develop the potent PDI system to combat microbial contamination and hazard in food industry.
Impact of bacterial synthesized nanoparticles on quality attributes and postharvest disease control efficacy of apricot and loquat
Authors: Bibi Hasna , Haroon Urooj , Farhana  , Kamal Asif , Akbar Mahnoor , Anar Maryam , Batool Syeda Saira , Bilal Aatra , Jabeen Hira , Ahmed Junaid , Chaudhary Hassan Javed , Munis Muhammad Farooq Hussain
Published: August 2023

Postharvest fungal attacks on fruits such as apricots and loquats are common. Diseased fruit samples were collected from Murree's local fruit markets. The disease‐causing pathogens were identified utilizing molecular, microscopic, and morphological characteristics. Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger were identified as the pathogens responsible for brown rot in loquat and black rot in apricot. To combat these fruit diseases, iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized using Bacillus subtilis and were characterized using various techniques. X‐ray diffraction examination validated the size of iron oxide nanoparticles. The presence of several capping agents in the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherical morphology of nanoparticles, whereas energy‐dispersive X‐ray proved the presence of different elemental compositions. After completing antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo, it was discovered that a nanoparticle concentration of 1.0 mg/mL efficiently suppressed the growth of fungal mycelia. Fungi growth was effectively inhibited in fruit samples treated with 1.0 mg/mL nanoparticles. The results of successful in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities imply that iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles play an important role in ensuring fruit quality against pathogenic attacks. Bacterial‐mediated iron oxide can be widely used because it is less expensive and less harmful to the environment than chemically manufactured fertilizers.
Development and evaluation of a hybrid smart solar dryer
Authors: Ibrahim Ayman , Elsebaee Islam , Amer Alia , Aboelasaad Galal , El‐Bediwy Abdelalim , El‐Kholy Mohamed
Published: August 2023

A hybrid smart solar dryer (HSSD) based on indirect forced convection and a controlled auxiliary heating system was developed, fabricated, and tested to be convenient for sunny and cloudy weather conditions. The achievements of the developed dryer focus on controlling the temperature of the dryer, increasing the drying rate, reducing energy consumption, and providing high‐quality products. The HSSD was tested and evaluated for drying basil and sage herbs at 30, 40, and 50°C. The results showed that the fresh basil and sage leaves of 1 kg with a moisture content of 84.7% and 75.53% (wet basis) were dried within 58, 46, 32 and 38, 28, and 20 h at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively. Correspondingly, the traditional drying methods achieved 96 h outdoors and 144 h indoors at room temperature. The average of the fabricated flat‐plate solar collector efficiency (thermal efficiency, ηfpsc) was ranged from 49.18% ± 9.52% to 66.02% ± 2.8%. The highest drying rates were achieved with the HSSD method. Moreover, the HSSD method led to a remarkable saving in energy with values ranging from 25.54% to 77.1% versus the traditional drying methods. While the best quality in terms of essential oil content and microbial load for the dried basil and sage herbs was achieved by the HSSD at 40°C. Finally, the HSSD is a promising energy‐efficient method where it can save 70% of energy consumption, thus reducing the carbon footprint of drying processes, and providing higher quality products compared to the conventional methods.
New architectures for bottom‐up science diplomacy: Learning from the evolving Portuguese diaspora in the UK
Authors: Lacerda Luís Miguel , Heitor Manuel , Mauduit Jean‐Christophe
Published: August 2023

Scientific diasporas and related non‐state actors have increasingly been coming into play to permeate and promote modern science diplomacy. However, these non‐formal collaborative architectures are particularly complex to sustain, and their systematic and long‐term action rely very much on conjunctural and, above all, individual engagement. The paper provides a multi‐stakeholder perspective that analyses the creation, during the lead‐up to Brexit, of the first ever scientific advisory board (SAB) at a Portuguese Embassy. In particular, it focuses on the interplay between bottom‐up diaspora initiatives and top‐down government actions. Our evidence is based on the experience of the development of a non‐formal and non‐hierarchical collaborative architecture established between Portuguese diplomats and the Portuguese scientific diaspora in the United Kingdom in the time of Brexit. The paper draws on lessons learnt that could be useful to other countries when engaging with their respective scientific diasporas.
Family ownership and speed of adjustment towards targeted capital structures: A study of ASEAN firms
Authors: Nguyen Lan Thi Mai , Khanh Tran Trang , Truong Cameron
Published: August 2023

Utilising a sample of ASEAN firms, we examine the effects of family ownership on firms' speed of adjustment to targeted capital structure. We find that family firms adjust their capital structure more slowly than non‐family firms. This is due to the higher costs of adjustment associated with high information asymmetry and agency conflicts between family owners and external investors. The effect of family ownership on capital structure adjustment speed is more pronounced when family firms have a higher level of family board involvement and higher ownership concentration. There is also an asymmetric effect of family ownership on capital structure adjustment speed at different levels of debt, by the distance from the targeted capital structure, and between overleveraged and underleveraged firms. Overall, evidence in our study suggests that family ownership is a key determinant on how quickly ASEAN firms may adjust their capital structure towards targeted levels.
A writing life
Authors: Davé Naisargi N.
Published: August 2023

“A Writing Life” (Dillard 1989) is part of a special section of “hundreds” in honor of Kathleen Stewart. This “hundred” concerns the work of cultivating inspiration, openness, and observation.
Paid leave to support parenting—A neglected tool to improve societal well‐being and prosperity
Authors: Malamitsi‐Puchner Ariadne , Addati Laura , Eydal Guðný Björk , Briana Despina D. , Bustreo Flavia , Di Renzo Gian Carlo , O'Brien Margaret , Hanson Mark , Modi Neena
Published: August 2023

Cohesive families and stimulating and caring environments promoting attachment to caregivers is fundamental for a child's physical and psychosocial growth and development. Parental care, supporting early years development, presupposes the presence and involvement of parents in children's daily life with activities that include breastfeeding, playing, reading and storytelling. However, parents have to balance their child's well‐being against employment, career progression and gender equality. Universally accessible and equitably available parental leave addresses this challenge.

Conclusion

Distinct from compulsory maternity leave, leave at full or nearly full pay for both parents benefits not only families but also societal well‐being and prosperity.
Adverse cardiovascular events are common during dexmedetomidine administration in neonates and infants during intensive care
Authors: Tervonen Miikka , Cajanus Johanna , Kallio Merja , Huhtamäki Heikki , Pokka Tytti , Peltoniemi Outi
Published: August 2023

Aim

This study aimed to assess the safety of a commonly used sedative, dexmedetomidine in neonates and infants during intensive care.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the paediatric intensive care unit at Oulu University Hospital. The study population consisted of all children from birth up to 6 months of age who received dexmedetomidine during 2010–2016. Adverse cardiovascular outcomes were defined as abnormal heart rates or blood pressure values according to the Paediatric Early Warning Score.

Results

Of the 172 infants, 56% had congenital malformation, and 48% had undergone surgery. Neonates and 1–3‐month‐olds experienced bradycardia (86% vs. 73% in 1–3‐month‐olds and 50% in 3–6‐month‐olds, p = 0.001) and severe bradycardia (17% vs. 14% in 1–3‐month‐olds and 0% in 3–6‐month‐olds, p = 0.005) more often than older patients. The median maximum rate of dexmedetomidine infusion was 0.86 μg/kg/h (IQR = 0.60–1.71 μg/kg/h). A dose‐dependent increase in bradycardia and severe hypotension was found. Adverse cardiovascular events were managed with additional fluid boluses and discontinuation of the infusion.

Conclusion

Adverse cardiovascular events were common during dexmedetomidine administration in neonates and infants. Lower dexmedetomidine doses may be required in sedating neonates.
Chapter 10 Archaeologists as Indian Advocates? Lessons from Skinner, the Little‐Weasel; Moorehead, the Indian Commissioner; and Other Predecessors
Authors: Beisaw April M.
Published: August 2023

Archaeologists who study the Native past have a responsibility to the Native present. But our academic training does little to prepare us for advocacy work. Personal interests, ethics, and the precariousness of employment often dictate what can be done. Doing nothing is easier and safer than speaking out, but idleness reinforces the irrelevancy of archaeology to contemporary social issues. Recalling the advocacy decisions of two archaeological ancestors, Alanson B. Skinner and Warren K. Moorehead, helps us to consider how and when archaeologists should act beyond their own job descriptions. Skinner's attempts to educate the White‐public and Moorehead's work to guide governmental policies were not flawless. But their willingness to do something helps us reconsider if we, as individual archaeologists, are doing enough. First and foremost, archaeologists should ensure that their institutions have complied with the spirit of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, not just the letter of the law. We should also ensure that we take opportunities to connect the Native past to the Indigenous present, in ways that go beyond land acknowledgements. Archaeologists can be better allies, accomplices, and co‐conspirators.
Chapter 4 Good Medicine: Prescriptions for Indigenous Archaeological Practice
Authors: Marek‐Martinez Ora , Gonzalez Sara L.
Published: August 2023

While the history of North American archaeology points to a long engagement with tribal elders and scholars, these encounters largely consist of unequal, extractive relationships wherein Indigenous collaborators and Indigenous archaeologists have been treated more as objects of study and pity—what Bea Medicine refers to as “creatures”—rather than as equal research partners. As an Indigenous woman and a settler Chicanx woman, we reflect on the life journey and scholarship of Bea Medicine, a Lakota scholar‐activist and mentor to Indigenous anthropologists. Dr. Medicine's work has provided generations of Indigenous anthropologists with the means to participate in the discipline with their whole selves and, importantly, on their own terms. We argue that Medicine's contributions provide good medicine for the field in the form of concrete strategies for continuing to decolonize the discipline and for doing work that centers the direct needs and perspectives of Indigenous peoples. When read alongside Indigenous archaeologies’ often overlooked grandmothers, mothers, and aunties, Medicine's work also highlights continuing disparities in archaeological practice, from our relationships with and to Indigenous nations to the relations we cultivate in the Academy as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color.
Chapter 5 American Archaeology's Lost Women: Unacknowledged Labor & the Making of Archaeology
Authors: Kirakosian Katie
Published: August 2023

While work has been done to uncover the roles of female archaeologists who supported their husband's careers with little acknowledgment or support, less work has been done to explore the diversity of hidden women's labor that helped support American archaeology during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (Browman 2013; White et al. 1999). Institutions such as Harvard's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Robert S. Peabody Institute of Archaeology benefitted early on from countless female staff, including clerks, secretaries, and librarians. This paper seeks to make connections between women's labor in archaeology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and adjunct labor in the late twentieth and early twenty‐first century.
Evolution of the neuronal substrate for kin recognition in social Hymenoptera
Authors: Couto Antoine , Marty Simon , Dawson Erika H. , d'Ettorre Patrizia , Sandoz Jean‐Christophe , Montgomery Stephen H.
Published: August 2023

In evolutionary terms, life is about reproduction. Yet, in some species, individuals forgo their own reproduction to support the reproductive efforts of others. Social insect colonies for example, can contain up to a million workers that actively cooperate in tasks such as foraging, brood care and nest defence, but do not produce offspring. In such societies the division of labour is pronounced, and reproduction is restricted to just one or a few individuals, most notably the queen(s). This extreme eusocial organisation exists in only a few mammals, crustaceans and insects, but strikingly, it evolved independently up to nine times in the order Hymenoptera (including ants, bees and wasps). Transitions from a solitary lifestyle to an organised society can occur through natural selection when helpers obtain a fitness benefit from cooperating with kin, owing to the indirect transmission of genes through siblings. However, this process, called kin selection, is vulnerable to parasitism and opportunistic behaviours from unrelated individuals. An ability to distinguish kin from non‐kin, and to respond accordingly, could therefore critically facilitate the evolution of eusociality and the maintenance of non‐reproductive workers. The question of how the hymenopteran brain has adapted to support this function is therefore a fundamental issue in evolutionary neuroethology. Early neuroanatomical investigations proposed that social Hymenoptera have expanded integrative brain areas due to selection for increased cognitive capabilities in the context of processing social information. Later studies challenged this assumption and instead pointed to an intimate link between higher social organisation and the existence of developed sensory structures involved in recognition and communication. In particular, chemical signalling of social identity, known to be mediated through cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), may have evolved hand in hand with a specialised chemosensory system in Hymenoptera. Here, we compile the current knowledge on this recognition system, from emitted identity signals, to the molecular and neuronal basis of chemical detection, with particular emphasis on its evolutionary history. Finally, we ask whether the evolution of social behaviour in Hymenoptera could have driven the expansion of their complex olfactory system, or whether the early origin and conservation of an olfactory subsystem dedicated to social recognition could explain the abundance of eusocial species in this insect order. Answering this question will require further comparative studies to provide a comprehensive view on lineage‐specific adaptations in the olfactory pathway of Hymenoptera.
Workplace Surveillance in Canada: A survey on the adoption and use of employee monitoring applications
Authors: Thompson Danielle E. , Molnar Adam
Published: August 2023

Employee monitoring apps (i.e., 'bossware') have become increasingly affordable and accessible on the open market. Apps such as Interguard and Teramind provide companies with a powerful degree of surveillance about workers, including keystroke logging, location and browser monitoring, and even webcam usage. However, as homes have become offices, and laptops and smartphones are used for business, school, and entertainment, the increasing surveillance of ‘remote work’ blurs the boundaries between work and personal spaces. Drawing from an interdisciplinary study on the proliferation of employee monitoring applications (EMAs) in a nascent era of ‘remote work’, this paper presents findings from a survey examining Canadian companies’ adoption of EMAs. The findings identify the most prevalent economic sectors that 'bossware' is currently being used within, the rationalities that underpin the ongoing use of EMAs in Canada (such as COVID‐19, ‘productivity/efficiency’, ‘cybersecurity’, and ‘health/wellness’), and the features of the most sought after 'bossware' apps for Canadian companies (such as time tracking, website tracking, and keystroke logging). We conclude with an analysis of how dominant surveillance discourses drive the adoption of monitoring practices, including how they inform the anticipated benefits of surveillance for the management of remote work and digital labour.
Real‐Time Rendering of Glinty Appearances using Distributed Binomial Laws on Anisotropic Grids
Authors: Deliot T. , Belcour L.
Published: August 2023

In this work, we render in real‐time glittery materials caused by discrete flakes on the surface. To achieve this, one has to count the number of flakes reflecting the light towards the camera within every texel covered by a given pixel footprint. To do so, we derive a counting method for arbitrary footprints that, unlike previous work, outputs the correct statistics. We combine this counting method with an anisotropic parameterization of the texture space that reduces the number of texels falling under a pixel footprint. This allows our method to run with both stable performance and 1.5× to 5× faster than the state‐of‐the‐art.
Post‐neonatally acquired cerebral palsy aetiology: The need for classification and collaboration
Authors: Waight Emma
Published: August 2023

This commentary is on the original article by Pudig et al. on pages 250–257 of this issue.
Effects of once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary artery disease: Potential role of the renin‐angiotensin system
Authors: Kan Mengfan , Fu Hui , Xu Yunsheng , Yue Zhaodi , Du Bingyu , Chen Qiang , Wang Xueyin , Yu Shaohong , Zhang Zhongwen
Published: August 2023

Aim

To investigate the potential mechanism of once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

We searched both Chinese and English databases for randomized controlled trials related to once‐weekly GLP‐1 RA for T2DM complicated with CAD to verify the safety and efficacy of GLP‐1 RA. The underlying mechanism was analysed by network pharmacology.

Results

In total, 13 studies with 35 563 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled analysis found that dulaglutide, exenatide and semaglutide outperformed placebo in cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2DM, with a significant reduction in the incidence of non‐fatal stroke (p < .00). Levels of cardiovascular risk factors were significantly reduced in the once‐weekly GLP‐1 RA group compared with the conventional treatment group (glycated haemoglobin: p < .00; fasting blood glucose: p < .00; weight: p < .00; systolic blood pressure: p < .00; total cholesterol: p < .00; low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol: p < .00). Network pharmacology results were enriched to the renin‐angiotensin system, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and renin (REN) may be the key targets. In addition, four key targets of dulaglutide, five key targets of exenatide and two key targets of semaglutide were enriched.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that once‐weekly GLP‐1 RA may have a potential protective effect on cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM combined with CAD, possibly through the renin‐angiotensin system. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine cause and effect.
Remnant cholesterol, but not low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, is associated with intra‐pancreatic fat deposition
Authors: Skudder‐Hill Loren , Sequeira‐Bisson Ivana R. , Ko Juyeon , Cho Jaelim , Poppitt Sally D. , Petrov Maxim S.
Published: August 2023

Aim

To investigate the associations of components of the lipid panel (and its derivatives) with intra‐pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD).

Methods

All participants underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging on the same 3.0‐Tesla scanner and IPFD was quantified. Blood samples were collected in the fasted state for analysis of lipid panel components. A series of linear regression analyses was conducted, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and liver fat deposition.

Results

A total of 348 participants were included. Remnant cholesterol (P = 0.010) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.008) were positively, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P = 0.001) was negatively, associated with total IPFD in the most adjusted model. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were not significantly associated with total IPFD. Of the lipid panel components investigated, remnant cholesterol explained the greatest proportion (9.9%) of the variance in total IPFD.

Conclusion

Components of the lipid panel have different associations with IPFD. This may open up new opportunities for improving outcomes in people at high risk for cardiovascular diseases (who have normal low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) by reducing IPFD.
Assessment of relationships between condylar fracture pattern and mandibular third molar position by panoramic radiography and computed tomography: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Zhao Luyang , Long Yifei , Xu Guikun , Long Jie
Published: August 2023

Background/Aim

Although previous studies have revealed the influence of the mandibular third molar (M3) on mandibular condylar fracture risk and that the presence of M3 could result in different incidences of condylar and angle fractures, there have been no analyses of the influence of M3 on fracture patterns. Moreover, evaluations of M3 position using panoramic radiography have shown insufficient accuracy. This study investigated the relationship between condylar fracture patterns and M3 position using panoramic radiography and computed tomography.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included 280 patients with unilateral mandibular condylar fractures and ipsilateral M3 admitted to West China Hospital of Stomatology between January 2016 and June 2022. Patient medical records, panoramic radiographs, and computed tomography images were collected. The vertical and horizontal positions of M3 were classified using the Pell and Gregory system. M3 angulation was defined as the angle between the long axis of M3 and the mandibular occlusal plane. Condylar fracture patterns were classified as intracapsular (Types A–C) or extracapsular (neck and base). Data were analyzed using McNemar–Bowker test, Pearson chi‐squared test, and Fisher's exact test.

Results

Classification of M3 position differed significantly between panoramic radiography and computed tomography images (p < .05). There was a significant association between the mandibular condylar fracture pattern and M3 horizontal position on computed tomography (p < .05). Class I M3 position on computed tomography was associated with a higher incidence of intracapsular than extracapsular fractures, along with a higher incidence of Type B than base fractures; the opposite relationships were observed for Class II. No such association was identified on panoramic radiography.

Conclusions

Mandibular condylar fracture patterns were presumably influenced by M3 horizontal position on computed tomography. The imaging modality affected the classification of M3 position and subsequent analyses. Computed tomography is recommended for future studies to improve accuracy and reliability.
Clinical and pathology characterization of small nerve fiber neuro(no)pathy in cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome
Authors: Tagliapietra Matteo , Incensi Alex , Ferrarini Moreno , Mesiano Nazarena , Furia Alessandro , Rizzo Giovanni , Liguori Rocco , Cavallaro Tiziana , Monaco Salvatore , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Donadio Vincenzo
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

Biallelic mutation/expansion of the gene RFC1 has been described in association with a spectrum of manifestations ranging from isolated sensory neuro(no)pathy to a complex presentation as cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Our aim was to define the frequency and characteristics of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) in RFC1 disease at different stages.

Methods

RFC1 cases were screened for SFN using the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory and Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 questionnaires. Clinical data were retrospectively collected. If available, lower limb skin biopsy samples were evaluated for somatic epidermal and autonomic subepidermal structure innervation and compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Results

Forty patients, median age at onset 54 years (interquartile range [IQR] 49–61) and disease duration 10 years (IQR 6–16), were enrolled. Mild‐to‐moderate positive symptoms (median Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory score 12.1/50, IQR 5.5–22.3) and relevant autonomic disturbances (median Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 37.0/100, IQR 17.7–44.3) were frequently reported and showed scarce correlation with disease duration. A non‐length‐dependent impairment in nociception was evident in both clinical and paraclinical investigations. An extreme somatic denervation was observed in all patients at both proximal (fibers/mm, RFC1 cases 0.0 vs. HCs 20.5, p < 0.0001) and distal sites (fibers/mm, RFC1 cases 0.0 vs. HCs 13.1, p < 0.0001); instead only a slight decrease was observed in cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of autonomic structures.

Conclusions

RFC1 disease is characterized by a severe and widespread somatic SFN. Skin denervation may potentially represent the earliest feature and drive towards the suspicion of this disorder.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis is not indicated for horses undergoing general anaesthesia for elective orthopaedic MRI
Authors: Hoblick Sloane , Denagamage Thomas N. , Morton Alison J. , McCarrel Taralyn M.
Published: August 2023

Background

Post‐anaesthetic fever is a known complication of general anaesthesia, however, its incidence in horses undergoing elective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown.

Objective

To determine the incidence of post‐anaesthetic fever in horses undergoing elective orthopaedic MRI and determine whether prophylactic antimicrobial therapy would be associated with a reduction in the incidence of post‐anaesthetic fever. We hypothesised that prophylactic antimicrobials would be associated with a reduction in the incidence of post‐anaesthetic fever.

Study design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This retrospective study included 791 elective orthopaedic MRIs in systemically healthy horses between June 2006 and March 2020 that recovered from general anaesthesia and did not undergo surgery or intensive medical therapy soon after recovery. Potential factors associated with post‐anaesthetic fever were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Case signalment, travel time, preanaesthetic haematology and fibrinogen abnormalities, use of prophylactic antimicrobials, peri‐anaesthetic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories, anaesthesia time and recovery time were all evaluated for association with post‐anaesthetic fever.

Results

Of 791 MRI cases, 44 (5.6%) developed a post‐anaesthetic fever. Horses that received prophylactic antimicrobials were [odds ratio (OR) 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98–7.46; p ≤ 0.001] more likely to develop a post‐anaesthetic fever than those that did not receive antimicrobials. Young horses (1–4 years of age) were (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.26–6.17; p = 0.01) more likely to develop fever compared with adult horses (≥5 years of age).

Main limitations

Limitations of this study pertain to retrospective analysis including nonrandomised case selection and incomplete data records.

Conclusions

While fever may indicate infection, the majority of early post‐anaesthetic fevers resolved before discharge from the hospital with no identified cause. The use of prophylactic antimicrobials to reduce the risk of post‐anaesthetic fever for elective MRI is not supported by this study.
Consumer value of virtual music festivals
Authors: Gallarza Martina G. , Tubillejas‐Andrés Berta , Samartin Kayla
Published: August 2023

Virtual music festivals (VMFs) are a great opportunity for the music industry to improve high quality digital events; as an alternative consumption phenomenon, VMFs can reach hybrid audiences and help in the challenge of digitalization. This study aims to investigate the multidimensional structure of consumer value in VMFs (intra‐variable perspective), as well as the effects of value on cognitive versus affective satisfaction and loyalty (inter‐variable perspective). Using a qualitative–quantitative approach—focus group and survey with festival attendees (n = 246)—, a value structure of VMF is tested with partial least square–SEM as a reflective‐formative‐formative third‐order model. Benefits and sacrifices are second‐order constructs, while five positives (escape, novelty, enjoyment, musical content, and socialization) and two negatives (monetary and nonmonetary costs) are first‐order ones. Results show VMFs value as a multidimensional trade‐off, where socialization is not contributing to value, but a balance between cognitive (musical content) and affective (enjoyment, and less escape and novelty) exists. Furthermore, consumer value intensifies both cognitive and affective satisfaction, but just the former affects loyalty. These findings provide new insights to better understand the decision‐making processes of virtual festival attendees.
A practical guide to reducing preoperative and intraoperative patient anxiety in dermatologic surgery
Authors: Yousif Jenna , Alkhouri Faris , St. Claire Kayla , Potts Geoffrey
Published: August 2023

Background

Dermatologists perform a variety of procedures including excisions, biopsies, and other minor surgical procedures. Patients can experience anxiety in anticipation of their surgeries or may develop anxiety during the procedure. Since most dermatologic procedures occur with the patient awake and alert, the physician can offer comforting methods to alleviate some of that anxiety.

Aims

We wanted to provide a review of available methods that dermatologists can use to reduce patient anxiety.

Materials & Methods

In this paper, we review the current literature on methods that can be used in dermatology offices to reduce overall patient anxiety levels.

Results

In the preoperative stage, providers can offer educational content to explain the procedure to their patients. Whether it be through telephone calls, educational videos, or utilization of visual models, educating the patient regarding their procedure may reduce their anxiety. Intraoperatively, there are multiple methods that can be used such as music, guided imagery, coloring books, medications, hypnosis, and distraction techniques.

Discussion & Conclusion

There is a variety of approaches that can be easily implemented in the office and can help in reducing the anxiety of the patients to allow for a pleasant patient experience and an overall satisfactory procedure outcome.
The clinical and cost effectiveness of remote expert wound nurse consultation for healing of pressure injuries among residential aged care patients: A protocol for a prospective pilot parallel cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kapp Suzanne , Gerdtz Marie , Miller Charne , Gefen Amit , Padula William , Wilson Lauren , Woodward Michael , Santamaria Nick
Published: August 2023

Pressure injuries affect 1 to 46% of residents in aged care (long term) facilities and cause a substantial economic burden on health care systems. Remote expert wound nurse consultation has the potential to improve pressure injury outcomes; however, the clinical and cost effectiveness of this intervention for healing of pressure injuries in residential aged care require further investigation. We describe the remote expert wound nurse consultation intervention and the method of a prospective, pilot, cluster randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome is number of wounds healed. Secondary outcomes are wound healing rate, time to healing, wound infection, satisfaction, quality of life, cost of treatment and care, hospitalisations, and deaths. Intervention group participants receive the intervention over a 12‐week period and all participants are monitored for 24 weeks. A wound imaging and measurement system is used to analyse pressure injury images. A feasibility and fidelity evaluation will be concurrently conducted. The results of the trial will inform the merit of and justification for a future definitive trial to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of remote expert wound nurse consultation for the healing of pressure injuries in residential aged care.
Long‐term care planning and the influencing factors among sexual minority older women: A qualitative study
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ching , Miao Nae‐Fang , Wang Frank T. Y.
Published: August 2023

Aims

The aim of the study was to explore plans, considerations and factors influencing long‐term care among older sexual minority (SM) women.

Design

Qualitative interview study.

Methods

Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 37 older Taiwanese SM women between May and September 2019. This study analysed interview data using a socio‐ecological model and constant comparative analysis.

Results

The most frequently reported long‐term care plans were housing and institutions, private medical or long‐term care insurance, financial planning and medical decisions. Factors associated with women's long‐term care plans were categorized using the socio‐ecological model level: (1) intrapersonal factors: current physical and mental health status, ageing signs and women's attitudes towards ageing; (2) interpersonal‐level factors: receiving support from partners, child(ren), siblings or significant others, concerns about being a caregiver for parents and worries regarding social isolation; (3) community‐level factors: receiving support from lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) organizations; private lesbian online groups; or religious groups; (4) societal‐level factors: concerns about negative social environments, concerns about the healthcare system and healthcare providers, inappropriate policies and insufficient resources.

Conclusion

This study identified multi‐level factors related to long‐term care plans and concerns among older Taiwanese SM women. Recommendations for nurses, managers of long‐term care and healthcare settings, policymakers, and governments have been provided to diminish health disparities and reduce anxiety among older SM women.

Impact

This study assists nurses in understanding older SM women's long‐term care concerns and worries when accessing long‐term care and healthcare services and helps nurses provide SM‐sensitive services and care for women.

Patient or Public Contribution

SM older women were recruited from LGBT organizations, LGBT‐friendly bookstores, restaurants, coffee shops and LGBT online chatrooms using purposive and snowball sampling.
Caregiver support, burden, and long‐term planning among caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Santos Telmo , Steinway Caren , Mastrogiannis Ariana , Chen Jack , Woodward Jason , Riddle Ilka , Spicer Brittany , Berens John , Davis Thomas , Cornacchia Michelle , Wright Charmaine , Lindquist Lee A. , Jan Sophia
Published: August 2023

Background

Long‐term care planning (LTCP) is critical for individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities. Objectives of this study were to investigate progression through LTCP, and associations between social support and: (1) LTCP and (2) burden among family caregivers.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was distributed to caregivers of individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities in NY, OH, PA, and TX, exploring demographics, supports, burden, and LTCP behaviours. Bivariate and linear multiple regression analyses were used to investigate study objectives.

Results

Caregivers (n = 405) were predominantly parents, female, non‐Hispanic, and in the ‘learning to plan’ stage of LTCP. Caregiver‐identified social support was associated with further progression in LTCP (p = .020) and lower caregiver burden (p < .001).

Conclusion

Social support was associated with further progression in LTCP, and associated with less burden, however fewer than 40% of caregivers reported having social support. Ongoing exploration of emotional/social needs of caregivers is necessary to better support these families.
Pigmented contact dermatitis and hair dyes: A retrospective case–control multicentre study in Korea
Authors: Kim Myoung Shin , Chung Bo Young , Chang Sung Eun , Oh Sang Ho , Ryu Hwa Jung , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee June Hyunkyung , Ko Joo Yeon , Kim Jeong Eun , Lee Jong Hee , Lee Ga Young , Jeon Jiehyun , Choi Hoon , Roh Mi Ryung , Bae Jung Min , Na Jung‐Im , Jung Hye Jung , Bang Chul Hwan , Kim Hei Sung , Lee Seung Ho , Shin Min Kyung , Lee Si‐Hyung , Park Kui Young , Park Chul‐Jong , Choi Mira , Yoon Tae‐Jin , Suh Kee Suck , Park Young Lip , Ryoo Young Wook , Kim Myung Hwa , Kim You Chan
Published: August 2023

Background

Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD), a rare variant of non‐eczematous contact dermatitis, is clinically characterized by sudden‐onset brown or grey pigmentation on the face and neck. It is hypothesized to be caused by repeated contact with low levels of allergens.

Objectives

This study evaluated the risk of using hair dyes in patients with PCD in Korea.

Methods

A total of 1033 PCD patients and 1366 controls from 31 university hospitals were retrospectively recruited. We collected and analysed the data from the patient group, diagnosed through typical clinical findings of PCD and the control group, which comprised age/sex‐matched patients who visited the participating hospitals with pre‐existing skin diseases other than current allergic disease or PCD.

Results

Melasma and photosensitivity were significantly more common in the control group, and a history of contact dermatitis was more common in the PCD group. There were significantly more Fitzpatrick skin type V participants in the PCD group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in sunscreen use between the groups. Using dermatologic medical history, Fitzpatrick skin type and sunscreen use as covariates, we showed that hair dye use carried a higher PCD risk (odds ratio [OR] before adjustment: 2.06, confidence interval [CI]: 1.60–2.65; OR after adjustment: 2.74, CI: 1.88–4.00). Moreover, henna users had a higher risk of PCD (OR before adjustment: 5.51, CI: 4.07–7.47; OR after adjustment: 7.02, CI: 4.59–10.74), indicating a significant increase in the risk of PCD with henna dye use. Contact dermatitis history was more prevalent in henna users than in those using other hair dyes in the PCD group (17.23% vs. 11.55%).

Conclusion

Hair dye use is a risk factor for PCD. The risk significantly increased when henna hair dye was used by those with a history of contact dermatitis.
Seasonal dynamics of eukaryotic microbial diversity in hypersaline Tuz Lake characterized by18S rDNAsequencing
Authors: Şahin Doğan Suzan , Kocabaş Aytaç
Published: August 2023

Microbial diversity found in hypersaline ecosystems is structurally unique and essential in many microbiological and ecological processes. Tuz Lake, the second biggest lake in Türkiye, is a talassohaline (over 32% [w/v]) lake with near‐neutral pH. The aim of study was to investigate the composition of the eukaryotic microbial community in Tuz Lake by 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing, as well as its relationship and change with environmental factors during 1‐year period. Next‐generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were applied to describe the eukaryotic microbial community in Tuz Lake. As a result of bioinformatics analysis,Archaeplastida(39%) andStramenopiles,Alveolata,Rhizaria(SAR) (51%) were the most abundant taxa represented in the dataset. TheArchaeplastidaphylum showed a significant difference between winter and summer and higher abundance in summer in contrast to theSARgroup, which represented higher abundance in winter. Genus level assessment showed that the most abundant genera wereNavicula,Chlorophyta;unclassified_taxa,Dunaliella,Cladosporium,Paraphelidium,Scuticociliates;unclassified_taxa, andChlamydomonadales;unclassified_taxa. Naviculaabundance was significantly different and overwhelmingly dominant in winter. On the other hand,CladosporiumandChlorophyta; unclassified_taxarepresented a significant difference between seasons and high abundance in summer. Furthermore,Dunaliellapopulations were not detected in midsummer and early fall when the temperature increased and water volume in the lake decreased.