THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE GROWING OF FRUIT AND BERRY PLANTS AND GRAPES IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIFICATION OF HORTICULTURE
Authors: Palamarchuk Inna 
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of research into the state and prospects of growing fruit and berry plants under the conditions of intensification of horticulture. The main problems of the development of horticulture in the conditions of Ukraine are revealed. A number of advantages are indicated that make it possible to grow fruit and berry crops and grapes and get high profits, namely a moderate climate, which is quite favorable for many fruit and berry plants. The analysis of statistical indicators of the state of production of fruit and berry crops and grapes in Ukraine from 2000 to 2021 was carried out. The area of fruit and berry crops planted on average in Ukraine from 2000 to 2021 is decreasing year by year. Thus, in 2000 they amounted to 378,000 ha, while in 2021 – 190,500 ha, which is 187,500 ha less. The gross collection of products grew significantly over the years and it was the largest in 2021 and amounted to 2235.1 thousand tons, which is 782.5 thousand tons more compared to the gross collection of products in 2000. The productivity indicator also increased: in 2000 it averaged 38.4 t/ha, while in 2021 it was 117.3 t/ha, and therefore there was an increase in productivity by 78.9 t/ha or 205.5 %. Statistical data show that in recent years, the area under apple and pear crops has significantly decreased, in particular, in 2021, compared to 2000, by 62.9% - apple trees and 36.8% - pears. A significant increase in the gross harvest of apples and pears was noted, by 630.7 and 7.6 thousand tons, respectively. The yield of apples increased by 123 t/ha, and pears – by 52.5 t/ha due to the introduction of intensive cultivation technologies. In 2000, there were significantly larger areas of stone crops planted, but more extensive cultivation technologies did not ensure high yields and, accordingly, gross harvests. The transition to intensive cultivation technologies ensures an increase in the yield of stone crops from 14.9 to 59.2 t/ha depending on the crop. The yield fluctuates from year to year in the direction of increase or decrease and is 108.4 t/ha in 2019 to 76.3 t/ha in 2021. Statistical data indicate a significant reduction in the area under peach cultivation from 2000 to 2021 by 11.2 thousand hectares. – by 81.2%, the gross collection decreased by 49.7%. While the yield increased by 43.4 t/ha (169.5%) during this period. Since 2000, there has been a constant increase in strawberry plantations in Ukraine, but the increase depends on the demand for strawberries, which changes from year to year. The gross harvest in 2000 was 32.1 thousand tons, and in 2021 it increased to 30.2 thousand tons. The yield of strawberries also increased in general by 34.7 tons/ha. In recent years, there has been a significant reduction in the area of vineyards from 513.8 thousand tons to 264.1 thousand tons, which is almost doubled. The greatest increase in the grape harvest was noted in the period from 2015 to 2019 – 92.3 – 92.7 t/ha. In recent years, there has been a slight decrease in the yield.