bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of acculturative hassles among Vietnamese refugees in Norway: Results from a long-term longitudinal study
Authors: Tingvold Laila , Vaage Aina Basilier , Allen James , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , van Ta Thong , Hauff Edvard
Published: February 2015

We investigated acculturative hassles in a community cohort of Vietnamese refugees in Norway ( n = 61), exploring cross-sectional data and longitudinal predictors of acculturative hassles using data from their arrival in Norway in 1982 (T1), with follow up in 1985 (T2) and in 2005–2006 (T3). To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of predictors of acculturative hassles in a refugee population. Results indicated that more communication problems and less Norwegian language competence were related to most hassles at T3. Higher psychological distress, lower quality of life, lower self-reported state of health, and less education at T3 were associated with higher levels of hassles at T3. More psychological distress at T2 and less education at arrival (T1) were significant predictors for more acculturative hassles at T3. These data suggest that addressing psychological distress during the early phase in a resettlement country may promote long-term refugee adjustment and, in particular, reduce exposure to acculturative hassles.
Afrikaans-speaking parents’ perceptions of the rights of their children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities
Authors: Erasmus Alta , Bornman Juan , Dada Shakila
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to describe the perceptions of Afrikaans-speaking parents regarding the human rights, as defined by the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), of their children, aged between 8.0 and 14.11 (years/months), with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. The underlying premise is that the CRC defines the rights of children, whereas the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) can provide the framework for documenting a deprivation of rights and the conditions under which those rights can be realized. Forty-seven Afrikaans-speaking parents completed a custom-designed survey. The results of the closed-ended questions indicated that most parents felt that their children had rights and that these rights were met. A theme analysis performed on the open-ended questions revealed that parents were mostly concerned about their children’s rights pertaining to school education and safety. These rights were discussed in terms of the CRC articles and linked to environmental codes of the ICF-CY. Finally, the limitations and implications of the study are discussed and recommendations are made.
Teacher-reported prevalence and management of child health problems at primary school
Authors: Leyland Anna F , Pickett Kate E , Barber Sally , McEachan Rosemary , Wright John
Published: February 2015

We explored primary school teacher-reported experiences, prevalence and management of child health and developmental problems and medication administration from one multi-ethnic urban community in England. A survey was delivered to 90 reception class teachers in 45 primary schools, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight respondents. Fifty-six percent of teachers completed the questionnaire. Findings suggest that teachers and school staff may represent an underused resource for identifying children with developmental and health conditions and that the connections formed between schools and families could be utilized by other services by delivering interventions in schools where possible. Whilst most schools use a policy to inform the management of child health in school, some key areas such as training and documentation of medication administration may not be followed in practice. Interview findings supported and expanded on survey data by identifying barriers to collaboration between services and families.
Improvement in health expectancy at ages 50 and 65 in Denmark during the period 2004–2011
Authors: Jeune Bernard , Eriksen Mette Lindholm , Andersen-Ranberg Karen , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik
Published: February 2015

Aims: In Denmark life expectancy (LE) has increased since 1995 after a long period of stagnation. Healthy life expectancy (HLE) at age 65 increased more than LE during the period 1987-2005. The aim of the study was to determine the trend in HLE in Denmark at ages 50 and 65 during the period 2004-2011. Methods: The study was based on nationwide register data on mortality and data on health status from the SHARE surveys carried out in 2004/2005, 2006/2007 and 2010/2011. Expected lifetime in various health states was estimated by Sullivan’s method. Changes from 2004 to 2011 were decomposed into contributions from changes in mortality and prevalence of activity limitations. Results: During the period 2004-2011 LE increased by about 1 year at both age 50 and age 65. However, the increase in expected lifetime in self-rated good health, without long-term health problems and without activity limitations was even longer in both genders and it increased by 1.5-4.0 years depending on age, gender and health indicator. Consequently, expected lifetime in an unhealthy state decreased and the proportions of lifetime in a healthy state increased. The disability effect of the health gain was stronger than the mortality effect. Conclusions:In Denmark HLE increased substantially more than LE during the period 2004-2011 for all three health indicators at both age 50 and age 65, and for both genders. Thus, the improvement in health expectancy continued in Denmark in recent years.
Gender differences in development of mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: An eight-year follow-up study
Authors: Gestsdottir Sunna , Arnarsson Arsaell , Magnusson Kristjan , Arngrimsson Sigurbjorn Arni , Sveinsson Thorarinn , Johannsson Erlingur
Published: February 2015

Background: The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is marked by many changes. Mental well-being plays an important role in how individuals deal with these changes and how they develop their lifestyle. The goal of this study was to examine gender differences in the long-term development of self-esteem and other mental well-being variables from the age of 15 to the age of 23. Methods: A baseline measurement was performed in a nationwide sample of 385 Icelandic adolescents aged 15, and a follow-up measurement was conducted eight years later, when participants had reached the age of 23. Standardized questionnaires were used to measure self-reports of self-esteem, life satisfaction, body image, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints. Results: Women improved their self-esteem significantly more than men from the age of 15 to 23 ( p=0.004). Women were more satisfied with their life than men at the age of 23 ( p=0.009). Men had a better body image, less anxiety, less depression and fewer somatic complaints than women, independent of age. Across gender, anxiety declined and somatic complaints became fewer ( p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that gender differences in mental well-being factors, favouring men, found in adolescents, are not as long-lasting as previously thought. Women improve their mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood while men’s mental well-being does not change.
Investigation of the differences between factors affecting vandalism in urban green areas
Authors: Yilmaz Tahsin , Olgun Rifat
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to identify the factors that have an effect on a variety of vandalism incidents involving urban equipment located in urban green areas in the city of Antalya. For this aim, the urban equipment (benches, lighting fixtures, picnic tables, and waste bins) were observed in situ on a monthly basis for 12 months, and the vandalism incidents were photographed 2028 times and recorded in the information forms. Data obtained through observation and photography were evaluated using nonlinear canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that the variables examined within the content of this study were the factors that influence the occurrence of vandalism incidents. Certain solution suggestions were developed based on the obtained results.
Natural radioactivity, radon exhalation rate and radiation dose of fly ash used as building materials in Xiangyang, China
Authors: Feng Tingting , Lu Xinwei
Published: February 2015

Natural radioactivity level, radon exhalation rate and radiation hazard of fly ash used as building materials in Xiangyang, China were determined. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the investigated fly ash samples range from 90.3 to 1799.4, 59.9 to 145.6 and 309.0 to 906.3 Bq kg−1 with an average of 440.5, 110.3 and 510.1 Bq kg−1, respectively. 226Ra and 40K are the main contributors of total activity concentration in red fly ash and grey fly ash, respectively. Radon exhalation rates of the studied fly ash samples vary from 4.7 to 74.2 Bq m−2 h−1 with the mean of 21.1 Bq m−2 h−1. The relative hazard indexes, i.e. radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, internal hazard index, indoor air absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose, indoor radon exposure dose, outdoor air absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose were calculated to assess the radiation hazard of fly ash when it was used as building materials or piled on the ground. The assessment results show that the studied fly ashes would cause excessive radiation risks to inhabitant and they are not suitable to use as building material. The ash storage pond is a high radiation risk area and the population living around ash pond would be exposed to higher radiation.
Antithrombotic therapy in blunt cerebrovascular injury—Do we need more information?
Authors: Snow Hayden , O'Donohoe Tom , Martin Kate , Mitra Biswadev
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Blunt cerebrovascular injury is an infrequent, but potentially devastating cause of morbidity following blunt trauma. Most recommendations regarding treatment of blunt cerebrovascular injury advocate the use of antithrombotic medications, based on biased evidence. We aim to describe the experience with blunt cerebrovascular injury at a major trauma center and to validate the benefits of antithrombotic treatment in blunt cerebrovascular injury.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all adult (>16 years) patients diagnosed with blunt cerebrovascular injury at a major trauma center over a 6-year period. Outcomes were assessed and analyzed to determine neurological sequelae related specifically to blunt cerebrovascular injury.

Results

Blunt cerebrovascular injury had an incidence of 0.57% in our patient population and 97 patients were initially included for analysis. In subsequent analysis, 39 patients (40.2%) were deemed nonassessable and were excluded, leaving 44 treated and 14 untreated patients. There were no differences between the groups in neurological change or outcome. Three treated patients suffered hemorrhagic complications.

Conclusions

While there is an association between treatment of blunt cerebrovascular injury with antithrombotics and improved outcomes, selection bias influences these results. Accounting for this bias, the association is no longer demonstrable and treatment does not appear to alter the outcome.
Dynamic analysis of an unbalanced rotor-water pump-bearing system considering varying compliance effect and localized defects on bearing races
Authors: Li Zheng-mei , Zhou Qiong , An Qi , Wang Zheng-dong
Published: February 2015

A multi-degree of freedom (DOF) dynamic model is developed using the transfer matrix method to obtain the vibration response of an unbalanced rotor-coaxial water pump bearing system due to varying compliance and localized race defects of the bearing. In this model, the bending flexibility and masses of the rotor and bearing housing are taken into consideration. The two rolling element rows of the water pump bearing are modeled as a series of springs and dampers, and the anisotropic bearing stiffness and damping changing with the rotational speed are analyzed. The varying compliance and the localized race defect are both modeled as periodic excitations, on which the influences of the unbalanced forces in the rotor are considered. By using the vibration model, the discrete frequency spectra of vibration responses caused by the varying compliance and localized race defects of the two rolling element rows are predicted. The results show that for the varying compliance or a race defect of an individual rolling element rows, there are a series of additional components in the frequency spectrum in addition to the peaks at the harmonics of characteristic frequency due to the effect of the rotor unbalance. The response amplitude due to varying compliance of the roller row is found to be quite high in comparison to that due to varying compliance of the ball row because the axial load carried by the ball row uniforms the contact load distribution among balls and then reduces the varying compliance excitation.
‘If parents are punished for asking their children to feed goats’: Supervisory neglect in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Laird Siobhan E
Published: February 2015

In the United States and the United Kingdom supervisory neglect of children is premised on a construction of childhood which characterises children as essentially vulnerable and in need of constant care and protection by parents. This Western conception has been transmitted to the countries of the sub-Sahara via the Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, the socio-economic and cultural context of African countries differs significantly from those of the United Kingdom and the United States. The incorporation of a Western hegemonic idea of childhood into the national laws of African countries creates fundamental contradictions in the application of criteria for adjudging the adequacy of parental supervision in the sub-Sahara. Drawing on secondary data, this article explores these contradictions and proposes alternative considerations in the conceptualisation and assessment of supervisory neglect.

Finding

The combined effects on households in the sub-Sahara of economic conditions, ascribed gender roles and the reciprocal duties held by children to assist their families, contest established indicators and thresholds for supervisory neglect. The concept of societal neglect together with the application of the Haddon Matrix provides a more apposite framework for reducing the risk of significant harm to children.

Application

All African countries, excepting Somalia, have introduced the Convention on the Rights of the Child through domestic legislation. The findings of this study are pertinent to policy-makers and social workers in the sub-Sahara. They also invite Western scholars to critically engage with dominant notions of supervisory neglect and re-appraise its applicability in cross-national contexts.
Public attitudes and knowledge about social workers in Israel
Authors: Kagan Maya
Published: February 2015

This article presents the results of a survey on public attitudes and knowledge about social workers in Israel. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires from a convenience sample of 1,417 participants aged 21 and older not treated by social services.

Findings

The findings indicate that side by side with fairly high recognition of general areas related to the social work profession, there was a certain lack of comprehension in regard to the roles performed by social workers. Attitudes toward social workers were ambivalent. Although on most parameters examined they received the lowest rankings of all professional fields with which they were compared, a fairly high percentage of respondents rejected critical and biased statements about social workers and defined them as people whose work is based on values, social ideology, and professional ethics, and also believed that it is necessary to increase the number of social workers in Israel and to improve their employment terms and conditions.

Applications

Understanding public attitudes and knowledge about social workers is important in terms of the public’s trust in them and the prediction of whether they will be approached for advice, treatment, or help when necessary. Furthermore, social workers’ ability to defend their interests and promote social policies requires wide public support, without which they will find it hard to attain sufficient social and political power and influence.
Social climate and job control as mediators between empowering leadership and learning from a cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Jönsson Sandra , Muhonen Tuija , Denti Leif , Chen Kan
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this article is to examine the direct effects of empowering leadership on learning and the indirect or mediating role of social climate and job control from a cross-cultural perspective. Questionnaires were distributed to two furniture retail stores in Sweden and two stores in China belonging to the same company. The final sample consisted of 483 participants from the Chinese and 254 participants from the Swedish stores. The results of the structural equation modeling showed that there was a direct relationship between empowering leadership and learning (both in the Chinese and the Swedish sample). The study also showed that social climate had a mediating effect of empowering leadership and learning (both in the Chinese and the Swedish sample). In addition, the result indicated that job control had a mediating effect (Swedish sample). The model explained 38% of the variance in learning among the Chinese sample and 62% in the Swedish. This indicates that the tested factors are highly relevant in the context of learning. Despite some methodological limitations such as the cross-sectional design and problems with acquiescence in responses, the results indicate the complexity of the role of culture in organizational behavior. Managers working in increasingly globalized contexts need to take into consideration that some organizational behaviors gradually become more universal, whereas others remain culturally contingent. This article illustrates the complex relationship between leadership behavior, social climate, job control, and learning in the same corporate culture but in different cultural settings.
A non-essentialist model of culture
Authors: Nathan Ganesh
Published: February 2015

This article, opens, briefly clarifying paradigms of essentialism and non-essentialism (also known as anti-essentialism) and shows evolving dimensions of dominant models of culture, namely, Hofstede (5), Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (7) and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) (9) – referred to as the paradigm of 5-7-9 cultural dimensions in this article – that tend to essentialize culture. This can lead to ethical concerns restricting the capacity of agency for choice and identity, which are necessary for the democratization of organizations. It then presents a model of culture within the paradigm of anti-essentialism, adapting the model presented by Nathan (2010 ), within the topic of multiculturalism based on Dilthey’s works on social interactionism and meaning in history, shows that the model can pave the way for the democratization of organizations and discusses the implications of organization culture in terms of agency, identity, and structure within multinational/multicultural organizations. This article concludes by encouraging further research, possibly within Critical Management Studies (CMS) along with qualitative research methods, to enhance the non-essentialist model of culture within organizational studies.
Adaption of conflict management styles during the encounter of cultures
Authors: Vollmer Albert , Wolf Patricia
Published: February 2015

This article reports on our case study of cross-cultural conflict management styles (CMS). We analysed the dynamics of various CMS applied by Russian and Western European members of an intercultural collaborative project and analysed how their CMS were affected by the frequency of communication. Our survey of project members revealed that Western Europeans and Russians differ significantly in their early applications of CMS but that high communication frequency stimulates adaptations in the CMS of all project members, regardless of culture, leading to a confluence of their conflict behaviour style towards each other. Future studies should test this study’s research designs and hypotheses in larger samples to see whether sample size affects applications and adaptations of CMS. Results of the current study imply that managers of intercultural collaboration projects should proactively address conflict management styles, implementing constructive conflict behaviour techniques into trainings for members of intercultural collaboration projects.
Spousal caregivers and persons with dementia: Increasing participation in shared leisure activities among hospital-based dementia support program participants
Authors: DiLauro Michelle , Pereira Amanda , Carr Jennifer , Chiu Mary , Wesson Virginia
Published: February 2015

Spousal caregivers of persons with dementia often have difficulty engaging persons with dementia in leisure activities. This qualitative descriptive study identifies how caregivers perceive their spouses’ participation in leisure activities since dementia onset and the professional guidance caregivers require to increase persons with dementia participation in shared leisure activities. Nine spousal caregivers from a hospital-based caregiver intervention attended one of three focus groups. Using symbolic interactionism and selective optimization with compensation theory as guiding frameworks, thematic content analysis was performed. Three major themes were identified: Recognizing and acknowledging changes, Making sense of changes and conflicts, and Embracing changes and forging ahead. Findings can be used by healthcare providers to better understand caregivers’ needs for engaging persons with dementia in shared leisure activities, and inform development of feedback protocols to enhance caregiver interventions.
Promoting and developing direct scribing to capture the narratives of homeless youth in special education
Authors: Saldanha Kennedy
Published: February 2015

This article highlights the use of direct scribing to gather special education narratives of homeless youth. Direct scribing is a method of qualitative research developed in child welfare practice and adapted for research with foster youth. Its strengths include offering voice, power, and ownership of narratives to participants using minimal technology and the framework of narrativity. The article improves on the rigor of this method, highlighting considerations about “working up” or attention to interactional processes leading up to direct scribing, and the need to offer narrative power to participants. It offers a different take on interview practices including eye contact, listening, and the use of a computer screen as an interface. Through an extensive illumination of the narrativity of one participant, the preparation, process, and outcome of direct scribing are highlighted. The fit between social work values and this method is in keeping with advancing an anti-oppressive focus in research and practice.
How do low-income Kurdish migrant families in Turkey negotiate child/adolescent characteristics in child labor decisions? Insights from Kurdish mothers
Authors: Sensoy Bahar Ozge
Published: February 2015

As part of a larger ethnographic study, this article explored the ways lowincome Kurdish families negotiated child characteristics identified as determinants in child labor decisions. Of the 27 Kurdish mothers who participated in the larger study, 18 were included for the purpose of this article. Data for this article primarily relied on demographic surveys and indepth interviews. Mothers’ accounts showed that children’s age, birth order, gender, and school success/continuation were critical factors in the decision-making process for child labor. Older children were more likely to work. Birth order was moderated by children’s educational prospects. Gender was more critical in determining appropriate workplaces for girls and not whether they could work. In contrast to the existing literature, findings of this study showed that the relationship between child labor and education was bidirectional. More specifically, while child labor affected education, children’s school success/attendance also shaped child labor decisions. Mothers’ accounts also pointed to the complex and dynamic family processes that took into account children’s and families’ unique circumstances. As a result, this article offered a deeper understanding of family processes behind child labor decisions, which in turn had important policy and practice implications.
Nature, environmentalism, and the politics of citizenship in post-civil war Lebanon
Authors: Nagel Caroline , Staeheli Lynn
Published: February 2015

More than 20 years after its devastating civil war (1975–1990), Lebanon has seen a burgeoning of environmental activism and discourse. Contemporary environmentalism is articulated largely by Western-educated activists, many of them working in the Western donor–financed non-governmental organization sector. Like romantic nationalists and urban reformers of the late 19th century, these activists view access to green space and nature as promoting patriotic attachments, civic virtue, and healthy social behaviors. They view green space and nature, as well, as an actual site for peaceful social interaction between ordinarily hostile groups and, hence, for the creation of national cohesion. This article explores the faith that activists place in the natural environment and open space as an instrument of citizenship and as a solution to Lebanon’s sectarian factionalism. Lebanese environmentalism, we suggest, provides an important alternative political vision for Lebanon and a form of dissent against the political status quo. Ultimately, however, it cannot disentangle itself completely from the very sectarian political structure it seeks to dislodge.
The impartiality of Smith’s spectator: The problem of parochialism and the possibility of social critique
Authors: Golemboski David
Published: February 2015

Amartya Sen has argued that contractarian theories of justice inevitably fall victim to the problem of parochialism, for the reason that they rely on a problematically narrow conception of impartiality. Sen finds a corrective model of impartiality in Adam Smith’s figure of the impartial spectator. In this essay, I argue that Sen’s invocation of the spectator to resolve the problem of parochialism is unfounded, as the impartial spectator is fundamentally a product of socialization that serves to propagate conventional moral norms. I consider various interpretive avenues for “rescuing” the spectator from parochialism, and ultimately conclude that a minor amendment to Smith’s account, resting on the possibility of a conscience informed by moral pluralism, is required.
Is Emile in the Garden of Eden? Western ideologies of nature
Authors: Tulloch Lynley
Published: February 2015

This paper will explore ideologies of nature including the ‘Garden of Eden’ and ‘wildernesses’. It locates these ideologies as morphing to accommodate the later trajectory of the Enlightenment Project and its endorsement of modern Western scientific and technological principles. Beginning with the premise that nature is unknowable, this paper offers a critique of dominant Western cultural ideologies that function to domesticate and order nature. This goes hand in hand with ideologies and practices of domination and control in the name of scientific, technological and capitalist neo-liberal economic ‘development’. The assumption that the boundary between nature and humans is crossable through scientific and technological knowledge is one that can be explored and challenged by examining how such knowledge is from the outset ideologically constructed. This paper will look at the concept of alienation from nature (as expressed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in ‘Emile’ and Karl Marx) to explore how modern schooling and the capitalist economy shape human-nature relations.
A global approach to school education and local reality: A case study of community participation in Haryana, India
Authors: Narwana Kamlesh
Published: February 2015

In post-Jomtien phase, community participation in school education management has appeared as one of the most prominent features in all educational development programmes at global level. In line with this trend, India has also placed a significant focus on local communities in school management through various programmes such as LokJumbish, District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) and SarvaShikshaAbhiyaan, etc. All these programmes have been implemented with active involvement and financial assistance from international agencies such as UNICEF and World Bank. Considering community as a viable grass root institution, these community participation programmes have assigned some crucial aspects of school management, such as school mapping, social accountability, curriculum design, resources mobilization, etc. to local stakeholders. However, these programmes have failed to customize the global notion of community participation to meet the local circumstances in India. These programmes grossly undermine the local character of community served by the public schools. Since public schools in India are largely catering to the poor and marginalized section of the society, the capacity of local community vis-à-vis education remained very limited. Further, caste, gender, and social distance between teacher and stakeholders remain other unresolved issues. This paper tries to interrogate these concerns with the help of qualitative data collected through primary field survey based on semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders in a village in Haryana, India. The study argues that the current idealization of community participation can be problematic if we fail to imbibe the social and local ethos of specific region. While the role of community participation as strong viable grass root structure in effective school management remains a desirable goal for the future, given the present limitations, this is unlikely to bring about the required changes.
Learner-centred education reforms in India: The missing piece of teachers' beliefs
Authors: Brinkmann Suzana
Published: February 2015

Recent international education trends have witnessed a widespread push for promoting Western-originating ‘learner-centred’ approaches, often without adequately considering the challenges involved in crossing cultures. Like many developing countries, India has been attempting to bring a paradigm shift from ‘teacher-centred’ to ‘learner-centred’ classrooms for years, particularly through annual in-service training, yet most Indian classrooms remain dominated by rote-learning. One potential reason is that although scholars have suggested that Indian pedagogy is grounded in deeply rooted cultural values resistant to change, research and training programmes have rarely attempted to identify and address these underlying beliefs.

To address this gap, this study explores how Indian teachers' beliefs relate to their practice, and whether there are certain prevalent beliefs that conflict with a learner-centred paradigm. The beliefs of 60 elementary teachers in three Indian states are explored through written questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended life-narratives, while their pedagogy is analysed through classroom observations. Findings suggest several prevalent cultural beliefs that are indeed antithetical to learner-centred pedagogy. This research should generate useful insights for teacher educators and policymakers in India and other developing countries, regarding the need for engaging with teachers' beliefs, and the need for contextualizing Western-originating progressive pedagogies in keeping with local cultural contexts.
Occupation choices of high school and college students with special reference to teaching and research
Authors: Dastidar Ananya G , Sikdar Soumyen
Published: February 2015

As India's higher education sector is poised to grow at a tremendous pace, one of its main challenges would be provision of quality education. Teacher quality has been identified as one of the most critical factors affecting educational quality. As such, the immense importance of attracting high-quality entrants into the teaching profession cannot be overemphasized.

In India there is a rising concern shared by many, especially in academia, that nowadays relatively meritorious students are mostly unwilling to consider teaching and research as possible career options. While evidence from other countries indicates that teaching, a relatively low paying occupation, may be a poor career choice, the literature on this area is sparse in the case of India.

This paper addresses precisely this issue as it studies how students, who are prospective labour market entrants, perceive teaching as a profession relative to other available career options. Our analysis, based on a sample survey carried out among high school and college students from Delhi and Kolkata, suggests that for the majority of students surveyed, teaching is not a ‘first-best’ or ‘most preferred’ career option. Further, in their view, rather than raising salaries, it is more important to bring about changes in the nature of the teachers job, to make this a more attractive career option.
Can active citizenship be learned? Examining content and activities in a teacher’s education module engaging with Gandhi and Makiguchi
Authors: Sharma Namrata
Published: February 2015

Can active citizenship be learned? In recent years, teaching citizenship issues are becoming popular in schools across various parts of the world. This paper makes reference to India as an example. It argues the need for a pedagogical debate on what makes an active citizen. The complex questions it begins to address are these: who is a citizen?; what does it mean to be an active citizen?; and under what social, political or educational scenario does a person become a citizen? Surely, the question is not just about learning citizenship but also in taking action as a citizen that education within schools needs to address. Based on a published book, this paper makes an eclectic enquiry into the example of the intercultural thinkers Mahatma Gandhi of India and his Japanese contemporary, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, who had both contributed to lead their respective societies into a new trajectory of change. Secondly, this paper discusses innovative methods and activities in teaching citizenship education and the current use of this published research in a post-graduate certificate course in the UK. In addition, this paper argues that there is still a paucity of literature, which develops a broader understanding of thinkers from the East.
The marginalisation of social justice as a form of knowledge in teacher education in England
Authors: Bagley Carl , Beach Dennis
Published: February 2015

This paper utilises the analytical concepts developed in the work of Basil Bernstein to reflect on the ways in which discourses such as social justice are especially vulnerable in teacher education in England. In particular, under new-managerial regimes the forms of knowledge which are emphasised and valued focus on the instrumental and performative. As a consequence, critical and vertical forms of knowledge associated with social justice in teacher education are either absent or marginalised and reframed away from an appreciation and awareness of the structural and economic causes of inequality. Moreover, the criteria needed to effectively introduce social justice as a knowledge base in teacher education are positioned antithetically to neo-liberalism–neo-conservatism, making them arguably impossible to achieve within the current system of education in England.
GOLD B-C-D groups or GOLD II-III-IV grades
Authors: Moreira Graciane L , Donária Leila , Furlanetto Karina C , Paes Thais , Sant’Anna Thaís , Hernandes Nidia A , Pitta Fabio
Published: February 2015

The aim of this article is to investigate which global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) classification (B-C-D or II-III-IV) better reflects the functionality of patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ninety patients with COPD were classified according to the GOLD B-C-D and II-III-IV classifications. Functionality was assessed by different outcomes: 6-min walk test (6MWT), activities of daily living (ADL) (London Chest ADL Scale), and daily life activity/inactivity variables assessed by activity monitoring (SenseWear armband, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). The 6MWT was the only outcome significantly associated with both the GOLD classifications. Good functionality as assessed by the 6MWT was observed in 80%, 69%, and 43.5% (GOLD B, C, and D, respectively) and 81%, 59%, and 29% (GOLD II, III, and IV, respectively) of the patients. Association (V Cramer’s) and correlation (Spearman) coefficients of 6MWT with GOLD B-C-D and II-III-IV were V = 0.30, r = −0.35, and V = 0.37, r = −0.25, respectively. Neither GOLD classification showed V or r ≥ 0.30 with any other functionality outcome. Both the GOLD B-C-D and II-III-IV classifications do not reflect well COPD patients’ functionality. Despite low association and correlation coefficients in general, both GOLD classifications were better associated with functional exercise capacity (6MWT) than with subjectively assessed ADL and objectively assessed outcomes of physical activity/inactivity.
A review of standard pharmacological therapy for adult asthma – Steps 1 to 5
Authors: Patel Mitesh , Shaw Dominick
Published: February 2015

The aim of pharmacological therapy for asthma is to improve symptoms and lung function and minimize the risk of asthma attacks. The intensity of treatment is based on the level of asthma control and the potential risk of future deterioration. In the British asthma guidelines, treatments are divided into steps 1 to 5, with each step signifying a need for an increase in therapy in response to symptoms or to prevent exacerbations. Treatments comprise of inhaled or systemic medications. Inhaled therapy includes short-acting and long-acting medication to improve symptoms and inhaled corticosteroids that reduce airway inflammation. Systemic treatments include medications that act on specific biological pathways, such as the leukotriene or immunoglobulin E pathways, or systemic corticosteroids. In choosing a particular therapy, treatment benefits are balanced by the potential risks of medication-related adverse effects. This review will provide a practical guide to the key pharmacological therapies for adult asthma at steps 1 to 5 based on British guidelines and consider future options for new treatments.
Preface
Authors: McLagan Patricia
Published: February 2015

The Problem

The human resource development (HRD) field is still searching for a widely accepted identity. However, because development is a ubiquitous process, because understanding and facilitating it requires insights from many disciplines, and because cultural, maturity and other contextual factors determine how development issues are framed, the pursuit continues. Is the continual search for greater clarity about what HRD is and how to facilitate it a strength or a fool’s errand?

The Solution

This issue of Advances in Developing Human Resources ( ADHR) does not answer this question, but it does help clarify what is happening as universities evolve programs to develop HRD professionals who can add value to development processes at individual, organizational, and societal levels.

The Stakeholders

Scholars and practitioners interested in the history and current global status of HRD and HRD education, HRD practitioners and people aspiring to HRD roles in business or societal institutions.
HRD Educators’ Views on Teaching and Learning
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , Zachmeier Aaron
Published: February 2015

The Problem

The development of human resource development (HRD) practitioners and scholars in university-based courses and programs is a significant but underexplored area of research. No recent scholarship has addressed the views of those who teach HRD subject matter, the methods they use, or the challenges they face in their work. Moreover, although HRD is recognized as an international field, HRD education has not been examined with an international perspective.

The Solution

The purpose of this study was to examine HRD education as an international phenomenon. An overview of the research on HRD education is provided, and the results of a thematic analysis of interviews with 40 HRD educators who teach in higher education institutions in North America, Europe, and Asia at three annual HRD conferences in the United States, United Kingdom, and Taiwan are presented in four broad themes: the nature of HRD, contextual differences, curriculum, and teaching and learning.

The Stakeholders

This study will be of interest to those who teach and study HRD and develop curriculum for HRD courses and programs for higher education institutions and other organizations, as well as to those who hire HRD graduates.
HRD Programs in the United Kingdom
Authors: Stewart Jim , Mills Sophie , Sambrook Sally
Published: February 2015

The Problem

Very little research has examined the current state of human resource development (HRD) education in the United Kingdom, or the factors influencing its genesis and development.

The Solution

We analyze historical and contemporary factors influencing HRD education in the United Kingdom, identify different levels and providers of HRD qualifications, and outline curriculum content of HRD programs. Our aim is to clarify the current situation, by proposing a tripartite model of stakeholders in HRD education based on the United Kingdom but which might assist in the analysis of HRD education in other geographic areas.

The Stakeholders

HRD education in the United Kingdom is largely influenced by three key stakeholders: the U.K. government, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (the professional body for human resources), and the academy. Our analysis reveals complex and dynamic interactions between these stakeholders, which have implications for them as well as learners, practitioners, and researchers.
The Many Faces of HRD Academic Programs
Authors: Kuchinke K. Peter
Published: February 2015

The Problem

The different perspectives on human resource development (HRD) academic programs in this issue call for a theoretical contribution that situates and extends the descriptive detail offered in the articles from countries around the world.

The Solution

This article proposes that the sociology of new academic fields with its emphasis on differentiation, legitimacy building, and mobilization of resources can serve as a guiding framework to understand current programs and point to directions for future growth.

The Stakeholders

Scholars and practitioners interested in the history and current status of HRD and HRD education.
Seeking Information on Behalf of Others
Authors: Ramirez A. Susana , Leyva Bryan , Graff Kaitlin , Nelson David E. , Huerta Elmer
Published: February 2015

Objective. Spanish-monolingual Latinos account for 13% of U.S. residents and experience multiple barriers to effective health communication. Information intermediaries/proxies mediate between the linguistically isolated and health care providers. This study characterizes the information needs of surrogate callers and their subjects to a U.S.-based Spanish-language radio health program. Method. Content analysis of calls placed ( N = 281 calls). Results. Women made 70% of calls; 39.1% of calls were on behalf of children, 11.0% on behalf of parents/older adults, and 18.5% on behalf of spouses/siblings/contemporary adults. Most common topics were disease symptoms/conditions (19.6%), cancer (13.9%), and reproduction/sexuality (12.9%). Calls for children were more likely than those for parents/other adults to pertain to current illness symptoms or conditions; calls for parents were more likely to be about cancer/chronic conditions. Half of all calls sought clarification about a previous medical encounter. Conclusion: Information-seeking surrogates may represent a useful strategy for linguistic minorities to overcome structural and individual barriers to health information access. Results suggest that Latinos are willing to seek information on behalf of friends and family and highlight the need for improved, culturally and linguistically appropriate health communication sources. Practice Implications. Leveraging Latinos’ natural familial social networks/willingness to share information may improve dissemination of culturally and linguistically appropriate health information. Further implications for patient activation and doctor–patient communication are discussed.
Research For/About/With the Community
Authors: Levine-Rasky Cynthia
Published: February 2015

The complexity of conducting community-based participatory research (CBPR) at a small Romani organization is described through montage. Articulating with a desire for social change and the correction of the multiple injustices meted out to those who identify as Roma, CBPR commends collaborative research with a community. However, the researcher found herself not only working with the community but also doing work for them and about them—activities that do not sit comfortably with the CBPR approach. The researcher’s disparate roles are presented as vignette, dialogue, and in graphic form corresponding to three prepositions, for/about/with. In this way, she illustrates the tensions associated with the process of conducting CBPR from her proximate position in the organization.
Clinical Care Providers’ Perspectives on Body Size and Weight Management Among Long-Term Cancer Survivors
Authors: Baker Allison M. , Smith Katherine C. , Coa Kisha I. , Helzlsouer Kathy J. , Caulfield Laura E. , Peairs Kimberly S. , Shockney Lillie D. , Klassen Ann C.
Published: February 2015

Objective. To examine clinical care providers’ perspectives on cancer survivors’ body size and weight management. Study Design. In-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews. Methods. Interviews were conducted with 33 providers (eg. oncologists, surgeons, primary care providers, nurses, dietitians) across academic and community clinical settings. They were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically using constant comparative analysis. Results. Providers conceptualized weight in relation to acute treatment, cancer outcomes, or overall health/comorbidities. These patterns were reflected in their reported framing of weight discussions, although providers indicated that they counsel patients on weight to varying extents. Perspectives differed based on professional roles and patient populations. Providers reported that survivors are motivated to lose weight, particularly due to comorbidity concerns, but face numerous barriers to doing so. Conclusion. Providers described survivor-level and capacity-level factors influencing survivors’ weight management. Differences by provider type highlighted the role of provider knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in clinical encounters. Opportunities for research and intervention include developing and disseminating evidence-based clinical resources for weight management among cancer survivors, addressing capacity barriers, and exploring communication strategies at interpersonal and population levels.