bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Stemness and Differentiation Regulators by Valproic Acid in Medulloblastoma Neurospheres
Authors: Freire Natália Hogetop , Herlinger Alice Laschuk , Vanini Julia , Dalmolin Matheus , Fernandes Marcelo A. C. , Nör Carolina , Ramaswamy Vijay , de Farias Caroline Brunetto , Brunetto André Tesainer , Brunetto Algemir Lunardi , Gregianin Lauro José , Jaeger Mariane da Cunha , Taylor Michael D. , Roesler Rafael
Published: January 2025

Changes in epigenetic processes such as histone acetylation are proposed as key events influencing cancer cell function and the initiation and progression of pediatric brain tumors. Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug that acts partially by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and could be repurposed as an epigenetic anticancer therapy. Here, we show that VPA reduced medulloblastoma (MB) cell viability and led to cell cycle arrest. These effects were accompanied by enhanced H3K9 histone acetylation (H3K9ac) and decreased expression of the MYC oncogene. VPA impaired the expansion of MB neurospheres enriched in stemness markers and reduced MYC while increasing TP53 expression in these neurospheres. In addition, VPA induced morphological changes consistent with neuronal differentiation and the increased expression of differentiation marker genes TUBB3 and ENO2. The expression of stemness genes SOX2, NES, and PRTG was differentially affected by VPA in MB cells with different TP53 status. VPA increased H3K9 occupancy of the promoter region of TP53. Among the genes regulated by VPA, the stemness regulators MYC and NES showed an association with patient survival in specific MB subgroups. Our results indicate that VPA may exert antitumor effects in MB by influencing histone acetylation, which may result in the modulation of stemness, neuronal differentiation, and the expression of genes associated with patient prognosis in specific molecular subgroups. Importantly, the actions of VPA in MB cells and neurospheres include a reduction in the expression of MYC and an increase in TP53.
Mechanical Performance of Diamine Silane Modified Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Cao Shengbin , Yan Xiaofei , Zhang Yaoyu , Wu Xueyu , Wang Lisheng , Shi Binhua , Li Kailang , Feng Chunlan , Wang Qinling , Wu Bei
Published: January 2025

The addition of unmodified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to epoxy resin will cause a decrease in the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the EP/CNT composite material, likely due to the weak interfacial adhesion between the nanofiller and its surrounding matrix. As such, functionalized drug carriers using CNTs could overcome this; for example, after silane modification, the diameter of CNTs is increased from 32 nm to 38 nm. The fracture cross-section of EP/CNT composite material is rough on the surface and exhibits ductile fracture, while the pure EP material presents a brittle fracture cross-section with a smooth fracture cross-section. It has also been proven that the dispersibility of CNTs is improved, along with an enhancement in the degree of dispersion. Thus, as compared to pure EP, after surface treatment of the CNTs, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the EP/CNT composite material were improved up to a value of 134.6% and 32.9%, respectively, while the elongation at break decreased to 60.09%.
Reference Ecosystem Condition-Based Syntaxonomic Study for Ecological Restoration and Protection of Temperate Forests in South Korea
Authors: Kim Minsu , Koo Namin , Kim A Reum , Lee Kiwoong , Yun Soon Jin
Published: January 2025

To identify the reference ecosystem conditions of a damaged forest, we developed a community development scenario using a syntaxonomic approach. To facilitate this choice, we sought to provide a framework based on ecological theory, specifically on the relationship between vegetation and environmental properties. We identified forest composition species in 216 sample plots from Mt. Gariwang, a representative temperate deciduous forest in South Korea, and divided them into 13 species groups, including the Quercus mongolica Fisch.-Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance community and eight vegetation types. In addition, nine major environmental properties that explain community composition, including elevation, were identified through multivariate analysis. A physiognomy map enabled the identification that the area must be large and the habitat must be continuous to help determine the reference ecosystem. In conclusion, plant–environmental interaction analysis is a valuable tool for identifying reference communities or source locations for seed migration in relation to various habitats. These reference ecosystems provide insights into the restoration of damaged areas and an overview of important considerations for restoring the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function.
The EDI Multi-Modal Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Dataset (EDI-SLAM)
Authors: Racinskis Peteris , Krasnikovs Gustavs , Arents Janis , Greitans Modris
Published: January 2025

This paper accompanies the initial public release of the EDI multi-modal SLAM dataset, a collection of long tracks recorded with a portable sensor package. These include two global shutter RGB camera feeds, LiDAR scans, as well as inertial and GNSS data from an RTK-enabled IMU-GNSS positioning module—both as satellite fixes and internally fused interpolated pose estimates. The tracks are formatted as ROS1 and ROS2 bags, with separately available calibration and ground truth data. In addition to the filtered positioning module outputs, a second form of sparse ground truth pose annotation is provided using independently surveyed visual fiducial markers as a reference. This enables the meaningful evaluation of systems that directly utilize data from the positioning module into their localization estimates, and serves as an alternative when the GNSS reference is disrupted by intermittent signals or multipath scattering. In this paper, we describe the methods used to collect the dataset, its contents, and its intended use.
Prediction Models of Severity in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Ratiu Iulia , Bende Renata , Nica Camelia , Budii Oana , Burciu Calin , Barbulescu Andreea , Moga Tudor , Miutescu Bogdan , Sirli Roxana , Danila Mirela , Popescu Alina , Bende Felix
Published: January 2025

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common condition with a variable prognosis. While the overall mortality rate of acute pancreatitis is relatively low, ranging between 3 and 5% in most cases, severe forms can result in significantly higher morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early risk assessment is crucial for optimizing management and treatment. The aim of the present study wasto compare simple prognostic markers and identify the best predictors of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried outon 108 patients admitted in our center during one year with acute biliary pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis severity was stratified based on the revised Atlanta criteria. Results: 108 subjects (mean age of 60.1 ± 18.6, 65.7% females) diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis were included. Based on the Atlanta criteria, 59.3% (64/108) of the subjects were classified as having mild acute biliary pancreatitis, 35.2% (38/108) as having a moderate–severe pancreatitis, and 5.5% (6/108) were classified as having severe acute pancreatitis. In univariate analysis, the following parameterswere associatedwith at least a moderate–severe form of acute pancreatitis: Balthazar score, fasting blood glucose (mg/dL), modified CTSI score, CRP values at 48 h, BISAP score at admission, CTSI score, Ranson score, duration of hospitalization (days), and the presence of leukocytosis (×1000/µL) (all p < 0.05).BISAP score at admission (AUC-0.91), CRP levels at 48 h (AUC-0.92), mCTSI (AUC-0.94), and CTSI score (AUC-0.93) had the highest area under the curve (AUC) for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. In multivariate analysis, the model including the following independent parameters was predictive for the severity of acute pancreatitis: CTSI score (p < 0.0001), BISAP score (p = 0.0082), and CRP levels at 48 h (p = 0.0091), respectively. The model showed a slightly higher AUC compared to the independent predictors (AUC-0.96). Conclusions: The use of a multiparametric prediction model can increase the accuracy of predicting severity in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis.
Measuring Children’s Computational Thinking and Problem-Solving in a Block-Based Programming Game
Authors: Teng Kayla , Chung Gregory K. W. K.
Published: January 2025

Computational thinking (CT) in young children (K to three) has been of much interest among educational researchers due to the applicability of CT to solving problems in daily life and various academic disciplines. This study uses existing data from children’s gameplay in a block-based programming game called codeSpark Academy to examine the extent to which we can use children’s gameplay behavior to measure their CT and, more generally, their problem-solving skills. The objectives of the study are to operationalize CT and problem-solving constructs using gameplay data, investigate the relationship between CT and problem-solving, and position codeSpark Academy as a valid assessment tool. A total of 72 elementary students (aged 6–9) played codeSpark Academy once a week for six weeks. TechCheck, an externally developed and validated measure of CT, was administered before the first game day and after the last game day. Using fine-grained, moment-to-moment gameplay data, we developed and validated seven game-based indicators (GBIs) of CT using correlational analysis and nonparametric tests and integrated them into a problem-solving framework. Our findings showed that children’s gameplay behavior can be used to measure their CT and problem-solving skills.
A Modular Power Converter Topology to Interface Removable Batteries with 400 V and 800 V Electric Powertrains
Authors: Murillo-Yarce Duberney , Colvero Gabriel D. , Gómez Alexis A. , Díaz Jairo Tuñón , Rodríguez Alberto , Vázquez Aitor
Published: January 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) are a sustainable means of transportation, with their onboard batteries being crucial for both performance and energy management. A modular and reconfigurable power converter topology to connect removable batteries to the main DC bus of an EV is proposed in this paper. By employing Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters in an Input Parallel Output Series (IPOS) configuration, the proposed topology is compatible with 400 V and 800 V standards without the need for external switches. The research explored the possibility to apply a very simple control strategy based on independent linear regulators. A theoretical analysis of the IPOS DAB converter is presented and the design of independent control regulators which minimize the coupling effect between the control variables is addressed. The stability of the IPOS DAB converter could be ensured using the proposed simplistic approach, enabling us to drastically simplify the regulator design step. The dynamic performance of the system was confirmed by means of a simulation and experimentally.
Gate Driver for High-Frequency Power Converter
Authors: Cohen Liron , Bernstein Joseph B. , Aharon Ilan
Published: January 2025

This work explores the principle of utilizing gallium nitride devices as a gate driver for silicon carbide power devices. As silicon has long reached its performance limits, Wide Bandgap semiconductors such as gallium nitride and silicon carbide have emerged as promising alternatives due to their superior characteristics. However, few publications suggest using a gallium nitride-based gate driver for silicon carbide, high-voltage power devices. Unlike standard voltage source gate drivers, this paper proposes a novel bi-polar current source resonant gate driver topology using gallium nitride transistors as a gate drive circuit for silicon carbide power switching. The driver receives a single input supply and pulsed width modulation signal, producing a high current bi-polar gate driving signal. The gate driver is validated by employing the proposed gate driver to a high-power silicon carbide transistor in a resonant boost converter. The experimental results show that the new gate driver recovers the gate charge wasted energy and provides high performances in varying high voltage loads at a 2.5 MHz switching frequency while reducing the gate losses by 26%.
Design of Shared-Aperture Base Station Antenna with a Conformal Radiation Pattern
Authors: Ji Changpeng , Ning Xin , Dai Wei
Published: January 2025

Aiming at solving the problem of radiation pattern distortion caused by coupling between antennas in different frequency bands in traditional shared-aperture base station array antennas, a new shared-aperture array antenna integrating high-frequency filtering units and medium-frequency electromagnetic transparent antenna units is proposed. Without adding additional decoupling structures, it is possible to effectively reduce the coupling of different frequencies, while weakening common-mode and scattering interferences, making the radiation pattern conformal. The array consists of an electromagnetic transparent antenna unit in the medium-frequency (1.71–2.70 GHz) band and four filtering antenna units in the high-frequency (3.30–3.70 GHz) band. The four high-frequency antenna units form two 2 × 1 linear arrays arranged on both sides of the medium-frequency antenna unit and share a reflector. The simulation and measurement results show that the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) in the working frequency band is less than 1.50, the average gain in the medium-frequency band is 8.80 dBi, the average gain in the high-frequency band is 12.20 dBi, and the radiation pattern is normal. It is suitable for the field of shared-aperture base station antennas.
Quantitative Analysis of Energy Storage Demand in Northeast China Using Gaussian Mixture Clustering Model
Authors: Yao Yiwen , Shi Yu , Wang Jing , Zhang Zifang , Xu Xin , Wang Xinhong , Wang Dingheng , Ou Zilai , Ma Zhe
Published: January 2025

The increased share of new energy sources in Northeast China’s power mix has strained grid stability. Energy storage technologies are essential for maintaining grid stability by addressing peak shaving and frequency regulation challenges. However, a clear quantitative assessment of the region’s energy storage needs is lacking, leading to weak grid stability and limited growth potential. This paper analyzes power supply data from Northeast China and models the stochastic characteristics of new energy generation. A joint optimization model for energy storage and thermal power is developed to optimize power allocation for peak shaving and frequency regulation at minimal cost. The empirical distribution method quantifies the relationship between storage power, capacity, and confidence levels, providing insights into the region’s future energy storage demands. The study finds that under 10 typical scenarios, the demand for peaking power at a 15 min scale is ≤500 MW, and the demand for frequency regulation at a 1 min scale is ≤1000 MW. At the 90% confidence level, the required capacity for new energy storage for peak shaving and frequency regulation is 424.13 MWh and 197.65 MWh, respectively. The required power for peak shaving and frequency regulation is 247.88 MW and 527.33 MW, respectively. The durations of peak shaving and frequency regulation are 1.71 h and 0.38 h. It also forecasts the energy storage capacity in the northeast region from 2025 to 2030 under the 5% annual incremental new energy penetration scenario. These findings provide theoretical support for energy storage policies in Northeast China during the 14th Five-Year Plan and practical guidance for accelerating energy storage industrialization.
Research on Power Efficiency of DC Microgrids Considering Fire Protection Systems
Authors: Park Ju-Ho , Park Sang-Yong
Published: January 2025

Due to the development of power semiconductors and the increase in digital loads, DC microgrids are receiving attention, and their application scope is rapidly expanding. As the technological stability of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) continues to rise, the potential of low-voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution systems is becoming increasingly intriguing. Many researchers are actively conducting safety and efficiency research on DC distribution systems and power grids. In LVDC distribution systems, small-scale DC microgrids are formed by renewable energy sources supplying DC power. This paper analyzes the efficiency improvement that can be achieved by integrating a fire protection system into a DC microgrid. This research analyzed the changes when fire protection systems such as receivers, transmitters, fire alarms, emergency lighting, and evacuation guidance, which have traditionally used AC power, were converted to DC circuits. As a result, the power supply infrastructure within the DC microgrid can be simplified, energy loss can be reduced, and the stability of the power system can be improved. The research results of this paper suggest that DC circuit-based fire protection facilities can positively impact future smart grid and renewable energy goals.
Interpretable DWT-1DCNN-LSTM Network for Power Quality Disturbance Classification
Authors: Yang Shuangquan , Shan Tao , Yang Xiaomei
Published: January 2025

The proportion of new energy sources, such as wind, photovoltaic and hydropower, in the power grid is increasing year by year. In addition, a large number of nonlinear loads are connected to the grid, resulting in frequent power quality disturbances (PQDs), which pose challenges to the stability and reliability of the power system. Accurate identification of these disturbances is crucial for effective grid management and protection. Although deep learning methods have high accuracy, their lack of interpretability can limit their acceptance in engineering applications. Traditional signal analysis has a good physical foundation, but it is not integrated with deep learning to a sufficient degree. To address these issues, we propose the DWT-1DCNN-LSTM network as an interpretable model for PQD classification. This method effectively decomposes the time-domain signals into sub-signals in different frequency bands by employing the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), which enhances the anti-interference capability of the classification model. This approach enhances the interference resilience of the classification model through the incorporation of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), which effectively decomposes time-domain signals into sub-signals across different frequency bands. The one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1DCNN) then extracts local features, while the Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM) analyzes temporal dependencies of the transformed sub-signals. Experimental validation with simulated datasets demonstrates that the DWT-1DCNN-LSTM model achieves an accuracy of 99.27%, outperforming the DWT-1DCNN, 1DCNN-LSTM, LSTM, and CNN models by 1.59%, 1.13%, 1.44%, and 6.48%, respectively. The robustness provided by the DWT module makes the model well suited for PQDs in environments with large disturbances, helping to detect and mitigate PQDs in a timely manner and ultimately contributing to improved power quality and system reliability.
Completion of Waste Heat Recovery and CO2 Conversion Simultaneously Based on the Flue Gas Chemical Recuperative Cycle: A Review
Authors: He Mengze , Zhou Ping , Zhao Xiqiang , Wang Tao
Published: January 2025

Energy shortage and greenhouse gas emission have become bottlenecks in current society development. Improving the efficiency of energy conversion and utilization systems through waste heat recovery and reduction of greenhouse gas through CO2 capture/conversion are important solutions. Both can be achieved simultaneously by utilizing high-temperature flue gas or CO2 in flue gas for organic matter gasification, which is called the flue gas chemical recuperative cycle. This paper provides a meaningful review of the latest advancements in the flue gas chemical recuperative cycle system, focusing on its application in diverse gasification systems for organic matters such as methane, sludge, etc. Additionally, this paper reviews methods for the integration of flue gas gasification into energy conversion and utilization systems under the application scenarios of gas turbine flue gas, air combustion flue gas, and oxy-fuel combustion flue gas. Subsequently, in order to improve the conversion efficiency of the chemical recuperative cycle, the applications of emerging gasification technologies in the field of the flue gas recuperative cycle, such as microwave gasification, plasma gasification, etc., are briefly summarized, offering an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which new methods enhance the process. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the field are discussed, and a comprehensive outlook is provided to guide future research.
Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Cowpea and Optimization of Biomass Production Conditions
Authors: Xu Hong , Li Danyang , Jiang Xue , Pei Qi , Li Zhengqin , Madjirebaye Philippe , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Tao , Liu Zhanggen
Published: January 2025

Considering the four characteristics of strains, including acid production, acid tolerance, salt tolerance, and nitrite degradation rate, Pediococcus pentosaceus NCU006063 was selected as the fermentation agent, and the medium composition of Pediococcus pentosaceus NCU006063 was optimized using Plackett–Burman and central composite rotational design. Three of the seven factors studied in the Plackett–Burman design significantly affected the viable counts. A central composite rotational design was used to optimize the significant factors and generate response surface plots. Using these response surface plots and point predictions, the optimal factors were soy peptone (38.75 g/L), FeSO4 (0.10 g/L), and VB7 (20 g/L). In addition, the optimized incubation conditions were a temperature of 39 °C, an initial pH value of 7, and an inoculation volume of 3%. The optimized biomass production parameters were a constant pH (6.5), neutralizing agent types (25% NH3·H2O), and gas types (N2). Under these optimal conditions, Pediococcus pentosaceus NCU006063 exhibited a great viable bacterial count of up to 2.65 × 1010 CFU/mL, which is 9.71 times higher than that of MRS broth (2.73 × 109 CFU/mL). These results demonstrated that the Pediococcus pentosaceus NCU006063 strain has excellent potential as a fermentation agent and can provide a theoretical base for the in-depth exploration and promotion of fermented cowpea use in human diets.
Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Antimicrobial Properties of Carica papaya Leaves: Implications for Health Benefits and Food Applications
Authors: Choudhary Rajni , Kaushik Ravinder , Akhtar Ansab , Manna Suvendu , Sharma Jyoti , Bains Aarti
Published: January 2025

Background: Papaya leaves (PLs) are known for their therapeutic benefits and traditional use in treating inflammation, infections, and various health conditions. Rich in bioactive compounds, PLs are studied for their potential applications in functional foods. This study analyzed their nutritional, phytochemical, structural, thermal, and antimicrobial properties to evaluate their role as a health-promoting ingredient. Methods: Phytochemicals were quantified spectrophotometrically and identified via GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. Mineral content was determined using ICP-OES. Structural and thermal properties were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, and calorimetry, and antimicrobial activity was tested via the agar well diffusion method. Results: PLs contained 25.75% crude protein, 41.49% carbohydrates, and high levels of flavonoids (21.00 mg QE/g), phenolics (8.85 mg GAE/g), and tannins (430 mg TAE/g). Antioxidant assays confirmed strong free radical scavenging potential. Mineral analysis showed abundant K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe (4071, 1079, 789.2, 361.2, and 228.2 mg/kg, respectively). Structural and thermal analysis revealed bioactive functional groups, 23.9% crystallinity, and thermal degradation characteristics. PLs exhibited antimicrobial activity, inhibiting E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and K. pneumoniae with zones of 22.05–25.15 mm. Conclusions: PLs demonstrate strong nutritional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, supporting their inclusion in functional food.
The Probiotication of a Lychee Beverage with Saccharomyces boulardii: An Alternative to Dairy-Based Probiotic Products
Authors: Moreira Terhaag Marcela , Sakai Otávio Akira , Ruiz Fabiana , Garcia Sandra , Bertusso Fernando Rodrigo , Prudêncio Sandra Helena
Published: January 2025

Probiotic vegetable-based beverages, such as lychee, can be rich in nutrients, free of cholesterol and lactose, and also have few allergenic components. Saccharomyces boulardii is an alternative to make lychee juice a probiotic beverage. This work aimed to develop probiotic lychee beverage (LB) using S. boulardii by evaluating the effect of refrigerated storage on cell viability, physicochemical characteristics, and acceptance. LB supplemented with S. boulardii was fermented (24 h/30 °C), supplemented with sucrose (4–12 °Brix), and refrigerated (up to 28 days/4 °C). The yeast viability, total soluble solid (TSS) and, ethanol content, pH, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AA) levels were evaluated over 28 days of storage. Also, the profiles of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic were determined via chromatographic analysis. The sensory acceptance of the probiotic beverage was evaluated. Higher sucrose levels (12 °Brix) resulted in greater yeast viability (6.9 log CFU/mL) on the 21st day of storage and superior TPC (153 µmol TEAC/mL) and ethanol levels (8.7%). Storage reduced the TPC, AA, and TSS. LB supplemented with sucrose to 12 °Brix, probioticated by S. boulardii, and stored for 21 days became accepted by the consumer and presented an adequate physicochemical profile with probiotic potential. The probiotication of lychee beverage is an alternative to dairy-based probiotic beverages.
Computational Study of a Fractional-Order HIV Epidemic Model with Latent Phase and Treatment
Authors: Alharbi Sana Abdulkream , Almuallem Nada A.
Published: January 2025

In this work, we propose and investigate a model of the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS transmission by considering a new compartment of the population with HIV: the latent asymptomatic class. The infection reproduction number that stabilizes the global dynamics of the model is evaluated. We analyze the model’s global asymptotic stability using the Lyapunov function and LaSalle’s invariance principle. To identify the primary factors affecting the dynamics of HIV/AIDS, a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters is conducted. We also examine a fractional-order HIV model using the Caputo fractional differential operator. Through qualitative analysis and applications, we determine the existence and uniqueness of the model’s solutions. We derive some results from the fixed-point theorem and Ulam–Hyers stability. Ultimately, the obtained numerical simulation results are in agreement with the analytical outcomes obtained from the model analysis. Our findings illustrate the efficacy of the fractional model in depicting the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and offering critical insights for the formulation of effective control strategies. The results show that early intervention and treatment in the latent phase of infection can decrease the spread of the disease and its progression to AIDS, as well as increase the success of treatment strategies.
Enhancing the Oxidative Stability of Beeswax–Canola Oleogels: Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Alpha-Tocopherol on Their Physical and Chemical Properties
Authors: Millao Sonia , Quilaqueo Marcela , Contardo Ingrid , Rubilar Mónica
Published: January 2025

The choice of antioxidant to be used in the formulation of an oleogel is crucial to determine its oxidative stability and functionality, as these factors can also affect the physical, chemical, and rheological properties of the oleogel. In this study, the effect of two antioxidants (ascorbic acid, AA, and alpha-tocopherol, AT) and their concentration (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03%) on the physical and chemical properties of beeswax and canola oil oleogels were evaluated. The results show that the type and concentration of antioxidants did not affect the thermal properties of the samples, and in FTIR analyses, no noticeable changes in spectra patterns are observed. Rheological analyses showed that the oleogels containing AA exhibited higher elasticity and resistance to deformation. Accelerated oxidative stability tests (storage at 50 °C and the Rancimat test) showed that AA effectively delayed oxidation. The induction time increased by 2.61-fold at higher concentrations, while AT did not significantly affect oxidation resistance. Overall, it was observed that AA improved oleogel firmness and OBC (up to 1.75-fold and 2.8%, respectively), whereas AT resulted in a softer and less stable gel structure. These results show the importance of antioxidant selection, indicating that hydrophilic antioxidants have promising applications in the formulation of beeswax oleogels.
Textural, Color, and Sensory Analysis of Cookies Prepared with Hemp Oil-Based Oleogels
Authors: Leahu Ana , Ghinea Cristina , Ropciuc Sorina , Damian Cristina
Published: January 2025

The amount of saturated fat in cookies can be reduced by replacing margarine with oleogel, resulting in healthier products. In this study, the rheological and textural profile of cookies formulated with oleogel as the main margarine substitute was evaluated. Hemp seed vegetable oil was oleogelized with four types of waxes: beeswax (BW), carnauba wax (CW), candelilla wax (DW), rice bran wax (RW), and three oleogeling agents, sitosterol (S), pea protein (PP), and xanthan gum (XG), respectively. The textural and rheological properties of the oleogel dough samples were analyzed using the PertenTVT-6700 texturometer (Perten Instruments, Sweden) and the Haake rheometer. The results showed an increase in the hardness of cookie doughs with oleogels. The values of the elastic component (G′) and the viscous component (G″) increased, which means that the oleogels used affected the rheological behavior at 25 °C, causing an increase in the dough consistency. Sensory attributes, texture, and color parameters of cookies with oleogels were determined. The cookies’ hardness increased significantly from 4409.83 ± 0.13 g (control sample) to 7085.33 ± 0.15 g in the cookie sample prepared with hemp oil sitosterol oleogel, whereas the sample with candelilla wax had the lowest hardness value of 4048.09 ± 0.14 g. The color of the oleogel cookies was darker than that of the control cookies. The cookie sample with hemp oil and beeswax oleogel was the most appreciated by the evaluators among the oleogel cookie samples. The findings suggest that hemp seed oil oleogel is an effective fat substitute in cookies, promoting the application of this vegetable oil in food products.
Imaging Shallow Velocity Structure of an Inactive Fault by Airgun Seismic Source: A Case Study of Xiliushui Fault in Qiliang Mountain
Authors: Qin Manzhong , Wu Baichen , Wang Yi , Shang Xueyi , Zhang Yuansheng , Liu Xuzhou , Guo Xiao , Zou Rui , Wang Yahong , Sun Dianfeng
Published: January 2025

We observed high-quality waves from a repeatable airgun seismic source recorded by a linear ultra-dense seismic array across the Xiliushui fault zone, one of the inactive faults in the Qilian Mountain, on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China. We used Snell’s law of seismic ray propagation to determine a simplified ambient velocity model. Based on the flexible and precise spectral element method, we computed broadband synthetic seismograms for a shallow low-velocity fault zone (FZ) to model the direct P-wave travel time delay and incident angle of the wavefield near the FZ. The FZ extent range and boundaries were inverted by apparent travel time delays and amplification patterns across the fault. According to prior information on the properties of the direct P-waves, we could constrain the inverse modeling and conduct a grid search for the fault parameters. The velocity reduction between the FZ and host rock, along with the dip angle of the FZ, were also constrained by the P-wave travel time delay systematic analysis and incoming angle of the P-waves. We found that the Xiliushui fault has a 70~80 m-wide low-velocity fault damage zone in which the P-wave velocity is reduced to ~40% with respect to the host rock. The fault damage zone dips ~35°southwest and extends to ~165 m in depth. The repeatability and environment protection characteristics of the airgun seismic survey and the economic benefits of a limited number of instruments setting are prominent.
Growth Regulator Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Rooting Potential of Actinidia deliciosa Rootstock and Actinidia arguta Female Scion Species Stem Cuttings
Authors: Sekhukhune Mapogo Kgetjepe , Maila Yvonne Mmatshelo
Published: January 2025

A study was conducted to access the effectiveness of exogenous application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation in kiwifruit semi-hardwood stem cuttings (SCs) from Actinidia deliciosa rootstock and Actinidia arguta female scion. Treatment comprised IBA concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 and 100,000 ppm. Parallel experiments for A. deliciosa and A. arguta’s treatment were arranged in a randomised complete block design, with 12 replications. In A. deliciosa, treatments had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects in rooting percentage, number of roots, root length, size of callus formation and callus percentage, except for dry root mass. In A. arguta, treatments showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects in rooting percentage, number of roots, root length and dry root mass. No callus formation was observed in A. arguta. Relative to the control, in A. deliciosa, the highest (42%) rooting percentage and lengthy (0.301 cm) roots, were observed at 10,000 ppm IBA concentration, whereas the most (0.295) number of roots were produced at 100,000 ppm IBA concentration. Calli percentage (94%) was highest at 100 ppm IBA, while the size of callus formation was the biggest (2.8) at IBA concentration of 100,000 ppm, when compared to the control. In A. arguta, the highest (100%) rooting percentage was achieved at the control (0 ppm), 100 ppm and 10,000 ppm IBA concentrations, whereas the greatest (0.9815) number of roots were observed at the IBA concentration of 10 ppm. Lengthy (1.0839 cm) roots were achieved at IBA concentration of 100 ppm, whereas the greatest (0.1061 g) dry root mass was attained at IBA concentration of 10,000 ppm. In conclusion, the use of growth regulator IBA was effective for root formation in SCs of A. deliciosa rootstock. In A. arguta female scion, IBA application improved the quality of rooting (more and longer roots). IBA application showed its potential in stimulating root development at 10,000 ppm IBA.
Kinetic Column Evaluation of Potential Construction Options for Lessening Solute Mobility in Backfill Aquifers in Restored Coal Mine Pits, Powder River Basin, USA
Authors: Langman Jeff B. , Martin Julianna
Published: January 2025

Following open-pit coal mining in the Powder River Basin, landscape reconstruction includes the construction of backfill aquifers from overburden waste rock. With overburden disaggregation and the re-introduction of groundwater, the weathering of newly available mineral surfaces and mobilization of nanomaterials can impact groundwater quality even when such issues were not previously detected in the overburden’s groundwater. Kinetic columns of Powder River Basin waste rock were used to evaluate backfill construction options—zeolite amendment, and soil amendment, compaction, rinse—that could reduce potential groundwater quality impacts. The leachate from each column was collected twice weekly for 20 weeks. The Eh and pH of the leachate substantially varied during an initial high-weathering period indicative of the traditional weathering of newly exposed mineral surfaces and the weathering and flushing of mobile particles. Correspondingly, select elements, such as arsenic and cadmium, were present in relatively high concentrations during this initial weathering period. Waste rock that was compacted or rinsed produced leachate with less solutes and potential contaminants when compared to the unaltered and zeolite- and soil-amended waste rock. Greater compaction during backfilling is possible but may require additional consideration for connecting the surface drainage network to the surrounding area. Rinsing of the waste rock is a viable construction option because of the temporary storage of the waste rock prior to backfilling but would require leachate collection for contaminant treatment.
Design Flood Calculation Model for Extra-Small Watersheds in Ungauged Basin
Authors: Wang Yun , Dong Zengchuan , Zhu Xinhua , Wang Wenzhuo , Liu Yupeng , Chen Ronghao , He Yunjia
Published: January 2025

Designing floods in ungauged watersheds with limited data is a significant challenge in water conservancy projects. To address this, the method of calculating the design flood peak and flood volume using the weighted average method was proposed, which is based on the instantaneous unit hydrograph method and the inference formula method, combined with the characteristics of heavy rainfall floods in ungauged watersheds. The calculation results are analyzed in terms of reasonableness through the distribution pattern of the flood peak modulus under different frequencies of the constructed reservoirs, the relative error analysis, and the HEC-RAS model. Based on the one-day flood process of the adjacent basin, the calculation of deducing the design flood process using the hydrological comparison method was proposed. Taking the “Stormwater Runoff Chart” as the data source, the runoff generation, and concentration model was established with the design flood of Baludi Reservoir in the Gelangram River basin of Menglian, Yunnan Province as the research object. A comparative study of the results of the design floods calculated by different methods was carried out. The results show that the new method can well describe the rainstorm process. The method has better performance in the application to the design flood calculation of ungauged basins due to its consideration of the influence of subsurface conditions. The method not only reduces the construction cost but also improves the safety of the reservoir through a better-fitted design flood calculation.
Correction: Magin et al. Impact of Non-Covalent Interactions of Chiral Linked Systems in Solution on Photoinduced Electron Transfer Efficiency. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 9296
Authors: Magin Ilya , Pushkin Ivan , Ageeva Aleksandra , Martianova Sofia , Polyakov Nikolay , Doktorov Alexander , Leshina Tatyana
Published: January 2025

The journal’s Editorial Office and Editorial Board are jointly issuing a resolution and removal of the Journal Notice linked to this article [...]
Transcriptomic Insights into Post-Spawning Death and Muscle Atrophy in Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)
Authors: Liang Jiancheng , Fujisawa Minoru , Toma Shogo , Asakawa Shuichi , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Igarashi Yoji , Saito Shunsuke , Akutsu Takashi , Suzuki Kyuma , Kinoshita Shigeharu
Published: January 2025

In semelparous species like the ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), spawning is followed by rapid physiological decline and death; yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study examines transcriptomic changes in ayu skeletal muscle before and after spawning, with a focus on key genes and pathways contributing to muscle atrophy and metabolic dysfunction. Through RNA sequencing and DEG analysis, we identified over 3000 DEGs, and GSEA and KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant downregulation of energy metabolism and protein degradation. In post-spawning ayu, a rapid decrease in body weight was observed, accompanied by a decline in the expression of myosin heavy chain genes, which are major muscle protein genes, and gene expression changes indicative of muscle atrophy. Decreased expression of AP-1 transcription factors associated with muscle development and aging was also evident. PPI network analysis identified carbohydrate catabolism protein gapdh may be the key factor that led to muscle atrophy and accelerated aging in ayu. Our study revealed that after spawning, the ayu muscle tissue undergoes strong metabolic disorders and cellular stress responses, providing special insights into the mechanisms through the post-spawning death of ayu.
Human Induced Lung Organoids: A Promising Tool for Cystic Fibrosis Drug Screening
Authors: Demchenko Anna , Balyasin Maxim , Nazarova Aleksandra , Grigorieva Olga , Panchuk Irina , Kondrateva Ekaterina , Tabakov Vyacheslav , Schagina Olga , Amelina Elena , Smirnikhina Svetlana
Published: January 2025

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Currently, CFTR modulators are the most effective treatment for CF; however, they may not be suitable for all patients. A representative and convenient in vitro model is needed to screen therapeutic agents under development. This study, on the most common mutation, F508del, investigates the efficacy of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids (hiLOs) from NKX2.1+ lung progenitors and airway basal cells (hiBCs) as a 3D model for CFTR modulator response assessment by a forskolin-induced swelling assay. Weak swelling was observed for hiLOs from NKX2.1+ lung progenitors and hiBCs in response to modulators VX-770/VX-809 and VX-770/VX-661, whereas the VX-770/VX-661/VX-445 combination resulted in the highest swelling response, indicating superior CFTR function restoration. The ROC analysis of the FIS assay results revealed an optimal cutoff of 1.21, with 65.9% sensitivity and 71.8% specificity, and the predictive accuracy of the model was 76.4%. In addition, this study compared the response of hiLOs with the clinical response of patients to therapy and showed similar drug response dynamics. Thus, hiLOs can effectively model the CF pathology and predict patients’ specific response to modulators.
Epigenetic Regulatory Processes Involved in the Establishment and Maintenance of Skin Homeostasis—The Role of Microbiota
Authors: Szabó Kornélia , Balogh Fanni , Romhányi Dóra , Erdei Lilla , Toldi Blanka , Gyulai Rolland , Kemény Lajos , Groma Gergely
Published: January 2025

Epigenetic mechanisms are central to the regulation of all biological processes. This manuscript reviews the current understanding of diverse epigenetic modifications and their role in the establishment and maintenance of normal skin functions. In healthy skin, these mechanisms allow for the precise control of gene expression, facilitating the dynamic balance between cell proliferation and differentiation necessary for effective barrier function. Furthermore, as the skin ages, alterations in epigenetic marks can lead to impaired regenerative capacity and increased susceptibility to environmental stressors. The interaction between skin microbiota and epigenetic regulation will also be explored, highlighting how microbial communities can influence skin health by modulating the host gene expression. Future research should focus on the development of targeted interventions to promote skin development, resilience, and longevity, even in an ever-changing environment. This underscores the need for integrative approaches to study these complex regulatory networks.
Changes to the Autophagy-Related Muscle Proteome Following Short-Term Treatment with Ectoine in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Model mdx
Authors: Gómez Armengol Eulàlia , Merckx Caroline , De Sutter Hanne , De Bleecker Jan L. , De Paepe Boel
Published: January 2025

The most severe form of muscular dystrophy (MD), known as Duchenne MD (DMD), remains an incurable disease, hence the ongoing efforts to develop supportive therapies. The dysregulation of autophagy, a degradative yet protective mechanism activated when tissues are under severe and prolonged stress, is critically involved in DMD. Treatments that harness autophagic capacities therefore represent a promising therapeutic approach. Osmolytes are protective organic molecules that regulate osmotic pressure and cellular homeostasis and may support tissue-repairing autophagy. We therefore explored the effects of the osmolyte ectoine in the standard mouse model of DMD, the mdx, focusing on the autophagy-related proteome. Mice were treated with ectoine in their drinking water (150 mg/kg) or through daily intraperitoneal injection (177 mg/kg) until they were 5.5 weeks old. Hind limb muscles were dissected, and samples were prepared for Western blotting for protein quantification and for immunofluorescence for an evaluation of tissue distribution. We report changes in the protein levels of autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), Ser366-phosphorylated sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), activated microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3 II) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Most importantly, ectoine significantly improved the balance between LC3 II and SQSTM1 levels in mdx gastrocnemius muscle, and LC3 II immunostaining was most pronounced in muscle fibers of the tibialis anterior from treated mdx. These findings lend support for the further investigation of ectoine as a potential therapeutic intervention for DMD.
Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Analysis Based on Tissue Specificity of DNA Methylation
Authors: Zhao Jian , Yao Wei , Gao Hanlin , Kuang Zhejun , Shi Lijuan , Wang Han , Dang Zhuozheng
Published: January 2025

The tissue specificity of DNA methylation refers to the significant differences in DNA methylation patterns in different tissues. This specificity regulates gene expression, thereby supporting the specific functions of each tissue and the maintenance of normal physiological activities. Abnormal tissue-specific patterns of DNA methylation are closely related to age-related diseases. This abnormal methylation pattern affects the regulation of gene expression, which may lead to changes in cell function and promote the occurrence of pathological conditions. By analyzing the differences in these methylation patterns, key CpG sites for disease diagnosis can be effectively screened. The main goal of this paper is to use the characteristics associated with tissue-specific abnormal expression and disease to construct an age-related disease diagnosis model. First, we combined chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify tissue-specific and disease-specific CpG sites, laying the foundation for accurate medical diagnosis, and verified the biological relevance of these CpG sites through enrichment analysis. Then we used the Transformer model to fit these CpG sites and realized the automatic diagnosis of age-related diseases. Our work proves that the tissue specificity of DNA methylation has the potential to diagnose age-related diseases, and proves the scientific nature of our proposed diagnostic method from a biological perspective.