bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficiência relativa da política nacional de procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos de média complexidade
Authors: Pedroso Marcel de Moraes , Calmon Paulo Carlos Du Pin , Bandeira Ludmila Ferreira , Lucena Rogéria Aparecida Valter de
Published: March 2012

O trabalho avalia a eficiência relativa das Unidades Federativas na gestão da Política Nacional de Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos de Média Complexidade por meio da utilização de Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis [DEA]), para o ano de 2006. A modelagem DEA foi desenvolvida para determinar a eficiência de unidades tomadoras de decisão (Decision Making Units [DMUs]), em situações nas quais não seja relevante ou não se deseje considerar somente o aspecto financeiro. Foram selecionados dados e indicadores relativos às despesas totais de política, leitos cirúrgicos, médicos cirurgiões (inputs), população (uncontrolled input) e produção hospitalar de cirurgias eletivas (como output). O artigo apresenta os valores observados e esperados para as variáveis propostas, e sugere o nível de esforço necessário para que a UF se desloque para a fronteira de eficiência relativa. A utilização da metodologia ilustra as potencialidades da Análise Envoltória de Dados como técnica alternativa aos modelos econométricos para avaliação de políticas públicas, contratualização de metas e priorização de ações corretivas, na medida em que identifica, por variável de interesse, as folgas ou níveis de esforços necessários para o alcance de patamares mais eficientes de gestão.
Executive MBA programs: what do students perceive as value for their practices?
Authors: Vazquez Ana Claudia Souza , Ruas Roberto Lima
Published: March 2012

This paper explores MBA students' perceptions about their learning process and the outcomes of development of capabilities and competences. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted between 2004 and 2008 with 160 students enrolled in 6 different MBA programs in Brazil. The data were collected at group activities using a questionnaire to lead the participants to identify the contents and experiences from their MBA's that were associated with the development of capabilities and competences relevant to practice. Examining the current literature and its indications of a myriad of pedagogical approaches, we discuss the MBA educators' pedagogical planning for developing capacities and competences without considering which knowledge is valued as relevant by students. Our results identified three aspects as the most relevant in MBA students' learning experiences: (a) openness to exploit new ways of interpreting the world; (b) development of specific capabilities; and (c) development of relational competence. The main contribution of our study is to highlight the students' active engagement in the learning opportunities created by MBA educators and their outcomes. Based on the evidence, we argue that the pedagogical planning developed by educators should consider MBA students as the protagonist of their management education process.
Densidade de plantio e idade de colheita de quebra-pedra [Phyllanthus amarus (Schumach. & Thonning) genótipo Unicamp-CPQBA 14] na produtividade de filantina
Authors: Maia-Almeida C.I. , Ming L.C. , Marques M.O.M. , Magalhães P.M. , Queiroz S.C.N. , Scramim S. , Mischan M.M. , Montanari-Jr I. , Pereira B. , Ferreira M.I.
Published: March 2012

Avaliou-se o efeito da densidade de plantio e da idade de Phyllanthus amarus CPQBA-14, sobre o teor e produtividade de filantina. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 6, com cinco repetições, envolvendo 4 tratamentos de densidade de plantio (400.000 pl ha -1; 200.000 pl ha -1; 100.000 pl ha -1 e 66.667,68 pl ha -1) com 6 colheitas (30, 45, 60, 75, 90 e 105 dias após o transplante (DAT)). Os dados foram submetidos a Análise de Variâncias e Regressão (P > 0.001). Para o teor de Filantina, foram observados efeitos significativos e independentes dos tratamentos de idade da planta na colheita e densidade de plantio. O teor de filantina aumentou linearmente com a idade da planta, atingindo o máximo aos 105 DAT, com teor de 11,52 g Kg-1. O adensamento populacional estimado que proporcionou máximo teor de filantina (8,66 g kg-1) foi de 299.860 pl ha-1. A produtividade de filantina apresentou interação significativa entre densidade de plantio e idade da planta na colheita. Observou-se que ao longo do crescimento da planta, os tratamentos com 200 e 400.000 pl ha -1 apresentaram as maiores produtividades de filantina (39,3 e 37,8 kg ha-1) aos 97,12 e 95,17 DAT, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o espaçamento apropriado para o melhor arranjo espacial de cultivo é de 299.860 pl ha-1 para as produtividades de 3.974,19 Kg (massa de matéria seca foliar) x 0,00866 kg (teor de filantina) = 34,416 kg ha-1 de filantina, com colheita programada aos 97 DAT.
Categorias metacognitivas como subsídio à prática pedagógica
Authors: Portilho Evelise Maria Labatut , Dreher Simone A. Souza
Published: March 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as categorias metacognitivas presentes na maneira de cada criança planejar, supervisionar e avaliar suas tarefas escolares, bem como relacioná-las à prática pedagógica. O trabalho reflete uma preocupação empírica com a metacognição, e os dados dela derivados são analisados à luz, principalmente, dos trabalhos de John Flavell (1981, 1999), Juan Mayor, Aurora Suengas e Javier Marques (1995) e Evelise Portilho (2003, 2009). A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa consistiu na análise das respostas de 396 crianças da 1ª série do ensino fundamental de uma rede municipal de ensino do Estado do Paraná. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista semiestruturada com as crianças, contendo dez perguntas metacognitivas referentes à estratégia de controle. Os resultados indicaram que as crianças em processo de alfabetização geralmente utilizam estratégias metacognitivas e planejam suas tarefas, ou seja, fixam as metas e os meios, ora de forma parcial (fragmentando a tarefa realizada), ora de forma automatizada (ordenando a tarefa). Elas também se supervisionam, detectam os erros e/ou desvios cometidos, por meio de referencial externo (na fala, ação, correção ou ordem do outro), e justificam, ou não, suas ações. Elas avaliam seus resultados e focam as facilidades e dificuldades na identificação de palavras ou letras. A aprendizagem das estratégias metacognitivas solicita que o professor não apenas disponha de tarefas adequadas, mas, principalmente, adote atitudes estratégicas em relação a seu trabalho para que os alunos aprendam com elas, pois eles não chegam às escolas preparados para aprender exatamente da mesma maneira.
Gêneros introdutórios em ambiente virtual: uma (re) análise dos propósitos comunicativos
Authors: Bezerra Benedito Gomes
Published: March 2012

Neste trabalho, reexaminamos o conceito de propósito comunicativo, oriundo da análise de gêneros de linha sociorretórica, tendo em conta os gêneros introdutórios de livros acadêmicos realizados em meio digital. A pesquisa, fundamentada teoricamente nas obras de Swales (1990, 2004), Bhatia (1997a, 2004) e Bezerra (2006), investiga um corpus de 50 exemplares de gêneros introdutórios digitais recolhidos de sites de editoras e livrarias especializadas. Os resultados mostram que os gêneros em questão, ao serem transportados do meio impresso para o suporte virtual, passam por sensíveis transformações em seus propósitos comunicativos. Particularmente, o discurso acadêmico típico desses gêneros tende a dar lugar a um discurso marcadamente promocional, caracterizando um processo de colonização de gêneros por outros gêneros e discursos (BHATIA, 2004).
Seis clichês e uma sugestão sobre a leitura na web
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Elisa
Published: March 2012

Com base em afirmações consideradas lugares-comuns (ou clichês) em relação às possibilidades da escrita e da leitura na web e mesmo da leitura em geral, este ensaio discute temas como os hábitos e as práticas de leitura dos brasileiros, as peculiaridades da produção escrita na web e suas relações com o texto em outros domínios, supostas interferências negativas (ou positivas) das práticas "digitais" em domínios "reais", sempre em direção à desmistificação da rede e à ponderação sobre posições exageradamente entusiasmadas. Conforme os argumentos apresentados, a fundamentação teórica construída e as ponderações explicitadas, assume-se uma posição que considera os espaços de leitura e escrita da web como mais uma boa ferramenta para a ampliação dos letramentos na escola ou fora dela.
Morphological variations and sexual dimorphism in Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824) and Chelonoidis denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766) (Testudinidae)
Authors: Barros MS , Resende LC , Silva AG , Ferreira Junior PD
Published: March 2012

Chelonoidis Dcarbonaria and C. denticulata are two tortoises which are widely distributed Brazil. Although they occur sympatrically in different areas, C. carbonaria prefers open areas, while C. denticulata chooses forest areas. Significant morphological variations can be observed in these species due to the fact that they occupy a vast and environmentally diverse area. Data on shell shape of captive individuals reveal important differences between the two species, mainly in the plastron scutes, carapace width, and head length. Variation in shape is greater in C. carbonaria than in C. denticulata, which may be associated to a more elaborate and complex mating ritual. The shell shape in C. denticulata is more elongated than in C. carbonaria due to ecological habits. These aspects lead to a greater restriction in shape, limiting variation and dimorphism. In C. carbonaria, the shell opening is larger than in C. denticulata, which affords greater variation in shape. A more elongated shell facilitates movements of C. denticulata in densely forested areas. Yet, this characteristic reduces shell opening, lessening the possibilities of variation in form.
Reproduction of Phylloderma stenops in captivity (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Esbérard CEL
Published: March 2012

A reproductive colony of Phylloderma stenops was established in captivity. The bats were maintained in 1/2" wired screen cages sized 90 × 60 × 80 cm in a room with cycles of 13 hours of light and 11 hours of dark and with temperature and humidity ranging from 27 to 31 °C and 75 to 90% respectively. Bats were fed with a semi-liquid diet composed of chopped fruits, raw eggs, bovine meat, dog food, honey, dehydrated shrimp, salt and a vitamin and mineral complex offered daily. In the first two years of confinement the diet was complemented with laboratory-raised cockroaches, mealworms, young mice and seasonal fruits. Nine births occurred from three wild caught females 770-1050 days after capture and two captive-born females. Births occurred in September, February and November-December. The neonate measured 15.0 g of weight and present 34.1 mm of forearm length. Two captive-born females gave birth for the first time at 402-445 days of age. Phylloderma stenops species presents postpartum oestrus, gestation of 5.5 months, lactation of 3.3 months and sexual maturity at 8.0-8.5 months. Fetuses are palpable around two months before birth and females may present synchronisation of births.
Growth and survival of the pearl oyster Pteria hirundo (L.,1758) in an intermediate stage of culture in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Albuquerque MCP , Alves R , Zanandrea ACV , Ferreira JF , Melo CMR , Magalhães ARM
Published: March 2012

There are no records in Brazil for the culture of Pteridae family oysters, genus Pteria and Pinctada. The intermediate culture can be considered one of the critical stages during the oyster farming. The changes in life conditions from a semi-closed environment provided by the collector to the structures utilized for the growth represents a considerable stress factor to which the animals are subjected. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the growth and survival of the pearl oyster Pteria hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758) kept in intermediate lanterns. Seeds of P. hirundo, obtained through larviculture carried out at the Marine Molluscs Laboratory (UFSC), southern Brazil were detached from the collectors, transferred and kept in an intermediate culture system (oyster lantern). During 6 months, growth (dorso-ventral height - DVH in mm) and survival (%) were evaluated. Two size classes were tested: medium (M), between 3.4 and 4.4 mm, and large (L), bigger than 4.5 mm. The density of occupation in each floor of the lantern was 50%. At the end of the experiment, the survivals observed were 90 and 94% for the sizes M and L, respectively. Medium juveniles of Pteria hirundo had an average (Std) increase of 16.1 (±4.38) mm in the dorso-ventral height, and large juveniles an average increase of 11.4 (±3.77) mm after six months of experiment. The results observed during the intermediate stage of cultivation indicate that Pteria hirundo presents survival and growth similar to other species of pearl oysters traditionally used in the pearl industry in several countries.
Natural history of interaction between Meteorus sp. Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its hyperparasitoid Toxeumella albipes Girault, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Sobczak JF , Maia DP , Moura JCMS , Costa VA , Vasconcellos-Neto J
Published: March 2012

Some parasitoids build a cocoon mass that hangs in the host body until the adults emergence, which is an advantage against attack by predators who troll the vegetation in search of prey. However, such behaviour is not effective against the hyperparasitoid attacks. This study reports the interaction between the caterpillar Manduca sexta Linnaeus, 1763 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) parasitised by Meteorus sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) larvae and its hyperparasitoid Toxeumella albipes (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). This is the first description of the attack and oviposition of T. albipes.
On equivalent expressions for the Faraday's law of induction
Authors: Rodrigues Fabio G.
Published: March 2012

In this paper we give a rigorous proof of the equivalence of some different forms of Faraday's law of induction clarifying some misconceptions on the subject and emphasizing that many derivations of this law appearing in textbooks and papers are only valid under very special circunstances, thus are not satisfactory under a mathematical point of view. We show also that Faraday's law of induction is a relativistic invariant law in a very precise mathematical sense.
Velocidade do som no ar e efeito Doppler em um único experimento
Authors: Lüdke Everton , Cauduro Paola Jardim , Vieira Alisson Mazzorani , Adornes Rosane Bohrer
Published: March 2012

Esse artigo explica uma modificação do clássico experimento de medida da velocidade do som v s no ar livre pelo metodo de medida de tempo de propagacao de ondas sonoras captados por dois microfones, a fim de obter melhor precisao nas medidas. Apresentamos circuitos de produção e captacao de sinais de ultra-sons em 40 kHz que permitem, alem de determinar v s com melhor precisão, explorar o efeito Doppler-Fizeau quantitativamente, o que não pode ser feito com ondas sonoras audíveis. Uma metodologia adequada para trabalhar o experimento com um grupo de alunos de segundo ano de laboratoário de fásica geral tambáem é apresentada.
Autonomia funcional de idosas praticantes de Pilates
Authors: Rodrigues Brena Guedes de Siqueira , Cader Samaria Ali , Torres Natáli Valim Oliver Bento , Oliveira Ediléa Monteiro de , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: March 2012

O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do método Pilates na autonomia funcional de idosas. Foram selecionadas 52 voluntárias, submetidas à avaliação geral e ao protocolo de avaliação da autonomia funcional do Grupo Latino-Americano de Desenvolvimento para Maturidade (GDLAM), que consiste em cinco testes (caminhada de 10 m, levantar-se da posição sentada, levantar-se da cadeira e locomover-se pela casa, levantar-se da posição de decúbito ventral e vestire tirar uma camiseta); em seguida, foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo Pilates (GP, n=27; idade 66,9±5,3 anos) e grupo controle (GC, n=25; idade 65,2±3,9 anos). O GP foi submetido a uma série de dez exercícios de Pilates, por oito semanas, duas vezes por semana. Os dois grupos foram reavaliados após esse período. O nível de significância considerado foi de p?0,05. O GP obteve resultados significativamente melhores em todos os testes e no índice geral do GDLAM (p=0,035) após a intervenção. O GC obteve escore significativamente melhor (p=0,042) apenas no teste de caminhada de 10 m, tendo mantido sua classificação inicial de funcionalidade regular. Comparando-se os escores dos grupos após a intervenção, encontraram-se diferenças significativas em favor do GP, inclusive no índice GDLAM (p<0,05), tendo este passado da classificação de regular a bom. A prática do método Pilates gerou pois melhora significativa do desempenho funcional das idosas estudadas.
Comparação do desenvolvimento motor de lactentes de mães adolescentes e adultas
Authors: Sartori Naiane , Saccani Raquel , Valentini Nadia C.
Published: March 2012

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o desempenho motor de bebês de 0 a 16 meses, comparando o de bebês nascidos de mães adolescentes ao de bebês de mães adultas. Participaram 80 bebês, sendo 40 de mães adolescentes e 40 de mães adultas. Os instrumentos avaliativos foram a escala motora infantil de Alberta AIMS (Alberta infant motor scale) e questionário para identificar as características biológicas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Os resultados da AIMS mostram pior desempenho motor dos bebês de mães adolescentes (p=0,002; p=0,001), além de suas inadequadas aquisições motoras nas posturas prono e em pé. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre a maioria dos fatores biológicos analisados e o desenvolvimento motor dos bebês. Os resultados sugerem que a idade materna pode ser considerada fator de risco para atraso motor em crianças, porém ressalta-se a interação de diferentes fatores, aqui não controlados, influenciando as aquisições motoras de crianças, tais como as demandas da tarefa e as condições do ambiente.
Controle postural em pacientes com lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Borin Gabriela , Masullo Catia de Lourdes , Bonfim Thatia Regina , Oliveira Anamaria Siriani de , Paccola Cleber Antônio Jansen , Barela José Ângelo , Bevilaqua-Grossi Débora
Published: March 2012

A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) do joelho acarreta alterações somatosensoriais em função da perda de informações provenientes dos mecanorreceptores presentes no LCA. Esses receptores constituem importante fonte de informação sensorial, afetando o desempenho de vários atos motores, dentre os quais o controle postural. O estudo objetivou analisar o controle postural de indivíduos com joelhos normais e com lesão unilateral do LCA. Participaram 15 voluntários com lesão do LCA (grupo lesado) e 15 voluntários com joelhos normais (grupo controle). O controle postural foi analisado por plataforma de força, sendo o voluntário instruído a assumir a situação experimental em apoio unipodal direito e esquerdo, posicionado no centro da plataforma de modo estático e com os olhos fechados. A plataforma de força forneceu informações de forças e momentos no eixo vertical e horizontal, a partir das quais foi obtida a área de deslocamento do centro de pressão nas direções ântero-posterior e médio-lateral. Os resultados mostram que indivíduos com lesão do LCA apresentaram maior amplitude média de oscilação comparados aos do grupo controle, sugerindo que o deficit no controle postural seja devido à perda de informações proprioceptivas nos indivíduos com LCA. Esses resultados têm implicações para a abordagem clínica de indivíduos com lesão do LCA.
Efeito da massagem clássica estética em adiposidades localizadas: estudo piloto
Authors: Tacani Pascale Mutti , Machado Aline Fernanda Perez , Souza Daisy Aparecida do Amaral , Tacani Rogério Eduardo
Published: March 2012

Devido ao padrão de beleza imposto atualmente, tem aumentado a procura por tratamentos estéticos como a massagem clássica, porém sua suposta ação lipolítica ainda é uma questão controversa na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da massagem clássica estética nas adiposidades localizadas, por meio de perimetria do abdome, quadril e coxas e pela estimativa da espessura da tela subcutânea da parede abdominal (ETS) por ultrassonografia. Oito voluntárias (idade 33,9±8,9 anos, peso 65,1±8,4 kg) foram avaliadas quanto a MC, IMC e ETS 30 dias antes, logo antes do início da intervenção e após esta. Foram efetuadas 12 sessões de massagem clássica estética em coxas, glúteos e abdome por 30 minutos, três vezes por semana. Foi encontrada redução significativa apenas da perimetria na região do quadril (p=0,012), mas não da ETS (p=0,301). A massagem clássica estética contribuiu apenas para a redução da perimetria do quadril, e não modificou outras medidas nem a espessura da tela subcutânea da região abdominal.
Segurança e efetividade da fisioterapia respiratória em abscesso pulmonar: estudo de casos
Authors: Davidson Josy , Teixeira Patrícia Teodoro , Peixoto Paula Ferreira dos Santos , Crivellaro Carla Martins , Marques Marcele Assis
Published: March 2012

O abscesso pulmonar é uma lesão necrótica geralmente devida a germes piogênicos. A fisioterapia respiratória (FR) é indicada, porém há poucos relatos na literatura, não havendo consenso quanto ao uso e às técnicas de FR para esse caso. O objetivo deste estudo de dois casos foi verificar a segurança e efetividade da FR no tratamento do abcesso pulmonar. O caso 1 foi um paciente de 30 anos, internado; a terapia consistiu em posicioná-lo em Trendelenburg semi-lateral direito para ventral por 30 minutos, três vezes ao dia, com saída de grande quantidade de secreção. Após 5 dias, o radiograma de tórax demonstrou redução de 90% do nível hidroaéreo, verificando-se o esvaziamento completo do abscesso após 14 dias de internação. O caso 2 foi uma paciente de 28 anos igualmente com diagnóstico de abscesso pulmonar, também tratada com drenagem postural, nos mesmos posicionamento e freqüência que o caso 1, sendo drenada grande quantidade de secreção amarelada e fluida. Após 7 dias de tratamento evidenciou-se redução importante do nível líquido do abscesso pulmonar. Conclui-se que a drenagem postural isoladamente é uma técnica de fisioterapia efetiva e segura no tratamento do abcesso pulmonar.
Insecticide susceptibility of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Barros Antonio Thadeu M. , Gomes Alberto , Koller Wilson W.
Published: March 2012

Horn fly susceptibility to insecticides was evaluated in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from October 2000 to September 2002. Insecticide bioassays (n=57) were conducted in 38 ranches from 14 municipalities throughout the state. Horn flies from wild populations were collected on cattle and exposed to filter papers impregnated with cypermethrin, permethrin, or diazinon and mortality was assessed after two hours. Resistance to cypermethrin was detected in all populations, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 27.6 to 91.3-fold. Permethrin bioassays provided apparently low levels of resistance (RR<5), however, resistant flies were found in 96.9% of the populations based on diagnostic concentrations. From both pyrethroid bioassays, resistance was detected in 97.4% of the populations. On the other hand, a high susceptibility to diazinon (RR < 1.1) was detected in all populations. Pyrethroid products, most cypermethrin (92.3%) and deltamethrin (66.7%), were used in all ranches controlling horn flies (97.5%). Insecticide treatments, usually incorrectly applied, were routinely delivered by manual backpack sprayers in most ranches (84.5%). This profile of insecticide use helps to explain the widespread resistance of horn flies to pyrethroids in the state as well as their high susceptibility to the organophosphate. Inadequate control practices contribute to aggravate the resistance problem and its consequences.
Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946 (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitando Mazama nana (Hensel, 1872) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Martins João Ricardo , Salomão Edson Luís , Doyle Rovaina L. , Onofrio Valéria , Barros-Battesti Darci M. , Guglielmone Alberto A.
Published: March 2012

O encontro de Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, um carrapato ixodídeo, no veado bororó-do-sul, Mazama nana (Hensel), representa novo relato de ocorrência, após 34 anos de seu registro no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os exemplares de carrapatos (3 machos e 1 fêmea) foram encontrados em Cachoeira do Sul, RS (30º02’21"S, 52º53’38"W). O local está a 72 m acima do nível do mar, com uma média anual de temperatura de 18,8°C, e uma precipitação média anual de 1.438 mm. Este é o primeiro registro de H. juxtakochi nesta espécie de cervídeo e um segundo relato de ocorrência para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Folliculitis Induced by EGFR Inhibitors, Preventive and Curative Efficacy of Tetracyclines in the Management and Incidence Rates According to the Type of EGFR Inhibitor Administered: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bachet Jean-Baptiste , Peuvrel Lucie , Bachmeyer Claude , Reguiai Ziad , Gourraud Pierre A. , Bouché Olivier , Ychou Marc , Bensadoun Rene J. , Dreno Brigitte , André Thierry
Published: March 2012

Introduction.

Folliculitis is the most common side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (EGFRIs). It is often apparent, altering patients' quality of life and possibly impacting compliance. Variations in terms of the treatment-related incidence and intensity have not been fully elucidated. Tetracyclines have been recommended for the prophylaxis and treatment of folliculitis but their efficacy is yet to be established.

Materials and Methods.

We carried out two systematic literature reviews. The first assessed the preventive and curative efficacy of tetracyclines. The second assessed the incidence of grade 3–4 folliculitis in the main clinical studies published.

Results.

In four randomized studies, preventive tetracycline treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of grade 2–3 folliculitis and a better quality of life in three of the four studies. In curative terms, tetracycline efficacy was not evaluated in any randomized study, but an improvement in grade ≥2 folliculitis was reported in case series. The frequency and severity of folliculitis seem to be greater with the antibodies than with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Analysis restricted to lung cancer studies showed a statistically greater incidence in terms of grade 3–4 folliculitis with cetuximab (9%) and erlotinib (8%) than with gefitinib (2%) (p < .0001).

Conclusion.

Unless contraindicated, a tetracycline should be routinely prescribed prophylactically for patients treated with an EGFRI (level of evidence, B2). In curative therapy, the level of evidence for tetracycline efficacy is low (level of evidence, D). The incidence of grade 3–4 folliculitis induced by EGFRIs appears to be lower with gefitinib.
Loss of HGF/c-Met Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells Leads to Incomplete Maternal β-Cell Adaptation and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Demirci Cem , Ernst Sara , Alvarez-Perez Juan C. , Rosa Taylor , Valle Shelley , Shridhar Varsha , Casinelli Gabriella P. , Alonso Laura C. , Vasavada Rupangi C. , García-Ocana Adolfo
Published: March 2012

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a mitogen and insulinotropic agent for the β-cell. However, whether HGF/c-Met has a role in maternal β-cell adaptation during pregnancy is unknown. To address this issue, we characterized glucose and β-cell homeostasis in pregnant mice lacking c-Met in the pancreas (PancMet KO mice). Circulating HGF and islet c-Met and HGF expression were increased in pregnant mice. Importantly, PancMet KO mice displayed decreased β-cell replication and increased β-cell apoptosis at gestational day (GD)15. The decreased β-cell replication was associated with reductions in islet prolactin receptor levels, STAT5 nuclear localization and forkhead box M1 mRNA, and upregulation of p27. Furthermore, PancMet KO mouse β-cells were more sensitive to dexamethasone-induced cytotoxicity, whereas HGF protected human β-cells against dexamethasone in vitro. These detrimental alterations in β-cell proliferation and death led to incomplete maternal β-cell mass expansion in PancMet KO mice at GD19 and early postpartum periods. The decreased β-cell mass was accompanied by increased blood glucose, decreased plasma insulin, and impaired glucose tolerance. PancMet KO mouse islets failed to upregulate GLUT2 and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 mRNA, insulin content, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during gestation. These studies indicate that HGF/c-Met signaling is essential for maternal β-cell adaptation during pregnancy and that its absence/attenuation leads to gestational diabetes mellitus.
Platelet Isoprostane Overproduction in Diabetic Patients Treated With Aspirin
Authors: Cangemi Roberto , Pignatelli Pasquale , Carnevale Roberto , Nigro Carmen , Proietti Marco , Angelico Francesco , Lauro Davide , Basili Stefania , Violi Francesco
Published: March 2012

Aspirin modestly influences cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the reason is unclear. The aim of the study was to determine whether in T2DM patients aspirin enhances platelet isoprostanes, which are eicosanoids with proaggregating properties derived from arachidonic acid oxidation by platelet NOX2, the catalytic subunit of reduced NAD phosphate oxidase. A cross-sectional study was performed comparing T2DM patients, treated (n = 50) or not treated (n = 50) with 100 mg/day aspirin, with 100 nondiabetic patients, matched for age, sex, atherosclerosis risk factors, and aspirin treatment. A short-term (7 days) treatment with 100 mg/day aspirin also was performed in 36 aspirin-free diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Higher platelet recruitment, platelet isoprostane, and NOX2 activation was found in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients and in aspirin-treated diabetic patients versus nontreated patients (P < 0.001). Platelet thromboxane (Tx) A2 (P < 0.001) was inhibited in all aspirin-treated patients. In the interventional study, aspirin similarly inhibited platelet TxA2 in diabetic and nondiabetic patients (P < 0.001). Platelet recruitment, isoprostane levels, and NOX2 activation showed a parallel increase in diabetic patients (P < 0.001) and no changes in nondiabetic patients. These findings suggest that in aspirin-treated diabetic patients, oxidative stress–mediated platelet isoprostane overproduction is associated with enhanced platelet recruitment, an effect that mitigates aspirin-mediated TxA2 inhibition.
Evaluation Of Some Locally Available Inks In Nepal For Staining Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
Authors: Chhetri BK , Maharjan S
Published: March 2012

Two inks locally available in Nepal (Chelpark permanent black and Chelpark washable royal blue) were tested for staining arbuscular mycorrhiza. Both the inks stained all structures (arbuscules, vesicles and internal hyphae) successfully. The tested inks are economically feasible and thus may encourage research activities related to arbuscular mycorrhiza in Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6040 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 33-35
Genetic Manipulation Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) Using Wga Gene Through Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation
Authors: Shantha SL , Padma M , Bhat SG , Kumar C Sunil , Rao B Ragavendra
Published: March 2012

The major problems faced in the field of Agriculture are loss in crop yield caused by insects, Herbs (weeds), viruses and the pathogens and the pests associated loss is about 14% of total agricultural production. The use of pesticides has resulted in adverse effect on the beneficial organisms and other plant parts such as leaves, fruits and has reached pollution levels, which has become a major concern for environmentalists. Therefore, products of crops resistant to insects have been the first priority in crop biotechnology. Genetic transformation has led the possibility of transforming crops for enhanced resistance to insects through the use of insect control protein gene-WGA (Wheat Germ Agglutinin), a glycoprotein with molecular weight of 34000 Da. Toxic effect appears to be mediated through binding of the lectins (WGA) to glycoproteins in the insect leading to the disruption of gut epithelial cells and are believed to be “natures own insecticides”. The present study involves preparation of recombinant pGPTV vector having WGA gene, which was transferred to E. coli DH5α basic strain. The recombinant vector was transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 using helper strain through triparental mating. The recombinant vector having Agrobacterium was infected with tomato leaf discs through co-cultivation and the leaf discs were transferred to selection media containing Kanamycin and direct regeneration of the plantlet were obtained from the leaf discs. The npt-II gene (Kanamycin resistance gene) serves as a selectable marker system in plants. The regenerated plantlets grown on selection media was subjected to primary screening by isolating the genomic DNA by CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Buffer) method and the transformation was confirmed by the presence of amplified fragments of WGA gene by PCR analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6041 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 36-43
Bioactive Volatile Compounds Of Three Medicinal Plants From Nepal
Authors: Gyawali Rajendra , Kim Kyong-Su
Published: March 2012

The volatile organic compounds of Asparagus racemosus, Bergenia ciliate and Terminalia chebula were isolated by simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) technique and then analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 55, 48 and 56 compounds were identified from and compounds camphor, borneol, capric acid, furfural, myrtanal, α-pinene, α-terpeniol, perillaldehyde, 2-carene, butyrophenones, furfural, β-caryophyllene, 2-nitropropane were detected as a bioactive compounds with various proportions among the studied plants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6043 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 51-62
Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Methanolic Extract Of Machilus Odoratissima
Authors: Subedi Amit , Amatya Mohan Prasad , Shrestha Tirtha Maiya , Mishra Shyam Kumar , Pokhrel Bharat Mani
Published: March 2012

The methanol extract of the bark of Machilus odoratissima was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compound like terpenoids, tannins, deoxy sugar, saponins and phenolic compounds. The methanol extract of the plant was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria using cup plate method. The extract exhibited high free radical scavenging activity. IC50 was found to be 3.37μg/ml. Antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus in dose dependent manner DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6045 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 73-80
Sediment Impact On Turbine Material: Case Study Of Modi River, Nepal
Authors: Poudel L , Thapa B , Shrestha BP , Shrestha NK
Published: March 2012

Hydropower is considered as one of the most economical and stable base energy source compared with other sources of energy of Nepal. Researches coherent to this field are not new but yet it is not sufficient, lots of tiles have to be kept for better understanding of hydropower effecting elements. Sand is the most affecting element that damages the turbine blades, so research on relation of sand and turbine is most. This research is done to find out the impact of sediment on turbine material. Modi River sediment at eight different stations has been taken as sample and its erosion rate in turbine blade sample specimen has been accounted in this study. Rotating disc apparatus has been utilized to find out the total impact of sand on turbine material. Four same kind of test turbine material is used on single rotating disc all at a time at same condition to define sand impact. Thirty gram (gm) of sediment mixed with three liters of water is used to strike sample pieces for five minutes. Two different tests of sediment samples of 8 different locations were studied. After all the test it is observed that the first test sand sample of location 1 and turbine material 1 has the highest impact with a weight loss of 7.764 mg and least impact in sand sample location 1 and sand sample 3 with a weight loss of 3.5 mg. Average weight loss of turbine material in first location is 5.929 mg which is the greatest impact and 4.0083 at eight locations which is the least. Relating to turbine material first rotating disc turbine specimen P0A has been affected highly with weight loss of 9.289 mg and less eroded on P5A rotating turbine specimen with weight loss of 1.2 mg. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6047 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 88-96
An Experimental Study On Flow Field Around Inundate Bell Mouth Groin
Authors: Uddin MJ , Hossain MM , Hossain SAA Mamun
Published: March 2012

A study was undertaken to investigate the flow field around bell mouth groin in a large mobile bed physical model facility (46m x 11 m). A total number of 24 test runs were conducted. Three different discharges and four different angles and two groin conditions (submerged and non-submerged) was considered. All tests were conducted for 8 hours duration in clear water condition. Velocity data have been collected forming grids in both vertical and horizontal direction around the vicinity of the bell mouth groin. Velocity was measured at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 depths from the water surface by forming grids. Change in flow conditions around bell mouth groin for various test run have been analyzed non-dimensionally in longitudinal, lateral and vertical direction. The streamwise velocity along lateral direction was found that the lateral shifting of maximum velocity away from the head of the bell mouth groin. In most cases, streamwise vertical velocity in lower part of the channel is found higher than that of upper part. Streamwise vertical velocity profile has been found variable with different discharges and does not follow its natural logarithmic pattern. Velocity vector indicates that flow is steady at upstream along longitudinal direction. The flow diverted at head of structure and flows through sides of structure towards downstream. A circulation of flow has been observed around head of structure after diverting of flow towards down. Immediately after rear front of structure, relatively weak circulation of flow has been observed. In this paper the results of test runs conducted under submerged conditions for 1500 and 900 angles are reported. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6050 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 104-118
Land Use Planning In Hydropower Development A Case Study Of Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project
Authors: Ghimire Subash
Published: March 2012

Many developing countries do not focus on land use planning in hydropower development. As a result hydropower projects are not sustainable. The aim of the study is to analyze the cause and effects of land use planning in hydropower development. The primary and secondary data were collected in a case study site at the Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project (UTHEP) in Dolakha district of Nepal. Household questionnaire, key informants? interviews and field observation were conducted to collect primary data while the relevant documents such as detailed feasibility report, property valuation report and spatial data (cadastral data, image etc.) were also collected for the study. The primary and secondary data reveals that Land use changes involved in the UTHEP implementation is basically due to the permanent and temporary land acquisition for project structures, facilities and reservoir area. The total land acquired for various project components like access road, powerhouse, desanding basin, reservoir as well as construction borrow pits and quarries, temporary and permanent work camps and construction of access road is estimated to be 182 ha. The secondary data reveals that 66 ha are allocated in agricultural land, 78 ha in forest land and 38 ha in the barren and cliff land. The results from secondary data and interviews confirm that UTHEP has planned to distribute 10% share to the residents of Dolakha district to promote local level investment. Finally, the study finds that land use planning has very important role for minimizing negative social and environmental effects thus create sustainability of the hydropower projects. It is also found that overall environmental impacts are limited because of technological development such as tunnel and underground powerhouse in UTHEP. The land tenure, Land use planning stakeholders and their role, Governance, policy, social structure etc. are the basic requirements of land use planning for sustainable development of hydropower projects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6053 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 134-141
A Review On Partial Infilled Frames Under Lateral Loads
Authors: Pradhan PM , Pradhan PL , Maskey RK
Published: March 2012

Masonry infilled walls are provided within the reinforced concrete structures without being analyzed as a combination of concrete and brick elements, though in reality they act as a single unit during earthquakes. The performance of such structures during earthquakes has proved to be superior in comparison to the bare frames in terms of stiffness, strength and energy dissipation. There are plenty of researches done so far for infilled frames, however partially infilled frames are still the topic of interest. Though it has been understood that the infills play significant role in enhancing the lateral stiffness of complete structure, the past experience in various earthquakes have proved that the partially infilled framed structures somehow are affected adversely. This paper intends to highlight the need of knowledge on partially infilled frames and the composite action. It also summarizes the findings till date done by various researchers on the behavior of partial infilled frames under lateral loads. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6054 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 142-152
Climate Change And Glacial Retreat In The Himalaya: Implications For Soil And Plant Development
Authors: Gurung Janita , Bajracharya Roshan M
Published: March 2012

While there is abundant literature on Himalayan glaciations and glaciers, including glacier retreat, there is limited information on soil development and plant succession in deglaciated Himalayan terrain. This paper reviews current knowledge on soil development and plant succession in deglaciated environments around the world. Implications of plant succession in deglaciated environments, particularly as Himalayan glaciers shrink due to climate change, are discussed. Understanding the effects of climate change on Himalayan soil and vegetation dynamics is crucial for assessing impacts on mountain livelihoods, as well as for implementing effective conservation strategies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6055 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 153-163
CD16 Regulates TRIF-Dependent TLR4 Response in Human Monocytes and Their Subsets
Authors: Shalova Irina N. , Kajiji Tasneem , Lim Jyue Yuan , Gómez-Piña Vanesa , Fernández-Ruíz Irene , Arnalich Francisco , Iau Philip Tsau Choong , López-Collazo Eduardo , Wong Siew-Cheng , Biswas Subhra K.
Published: March 2012

Blood monocytes recognize Gram-negative bacteria through the TLR4, which signal via MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathway to trigger an immune-inflammatory response. However, a dysregulated inflammatory response by these cells often leads to severe pathologies such as sepsis. We investigated the role of CD16 in the regulation of human monocyte response to Gram-negative endotoxin and sepsis. Blood monocytes from sepsis patients demonstrated an upregulation of several TRIF-dependent genes as well as a selective expansion of CD16-expressing (CD16+) monocytes. Gene expression and biochemical studies revealed CD16 to regulate the TRIF-dependent TLR4 pathway in monocytes by activating Syk, IFN regulatory factor 3, and STAT1, which resulted in enhanced expression of IFNB, CCL5, and CXCL10. CD16 also upregulated the expression of IL-1R–associated kinase M and IL-1 receptor antagonist, which are negative regulators of the MyD88-dependent pathway. CD16 overexpression or small interfering RNA knockdown in monocytes confirmed the above findings. Interestingly, these results were mirrored in the CD16+ monocyte subset isolated from sepsis patients, providing an in vivo confirmation to our findings. Collectively, the results from the current study demonstrate CD16 as a key regulator of the TRIF-dependent TLR4 pathway in human monocytes and their CD16-expressing subset, with implications in sepsis.
Vigorous Response of Human Innate Functioning IgM Memory B Cells upon Infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: So Nancy S. Y. , Ostrowski Mario A. , Gray-Owen Scott D.
Published: March 2012

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the cause of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, elicits low levels of specific Ig that decline rapidly after the bacteria are cleared. Reinfection with the same serovar can occur, and prior gonococcal infection does not alter the Ig response upon subsequent exposure, suggesting that protective immunity is not induced. The mucosal Ig response apparent during gonorrhea does not correlate with that observed systemically, leading to a suggestion that it is locally generated. In considering whether N. gonorrhoeae directly influences B cells, we observed that gonococcal infection prolonged viability of primary human B cells in vitro and elicited robust activation and vigorous proliferative responses in the absence of T cells. Furthermore, we observed the specific expansion of IgD+CD27+ B cells in response to gonococcal infection. These cells are innate in function, conferring protection against diverse microbes by producing low-affinity, broadly reactive IgM without inducing classical immunologic memory. Although gonococcal infection of B cells produced small amounts of gonococcal-specific IgM, IgM specific for irrelevant Ags were also produced, suggesting a broad, polyspecific Ig response. The gonococci were effectively bound and engulfed by B cells. TLR9-inhibitory CpGs blocked B cell responses, indicating that intracellular bacterial degradation allows for innate immune detection within the phagolysosome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterial pathogen having specific affinity for the human IgM memory B cells, driving their potent activation and polyclonal Ig response. This unfocused T-independent response explains the localized Ig response that occurs, despite an absence of immunologic memory elicited during gonorrhea.
Hypoxia Triggers the Expression of Human β Defensin 2 and Antimicrobial Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Human Macrophages
Authors: Nickel Daniel , Busch Martin , Mayer Daniel , Hagemann Benjamin , Knoll Valeska , Stenger Steffen
Published: March 2012

Low oxygen tension is a metabolic hallmark of chronic infection. To investigate the influence of hypoxia on macrophage biology, we analyzed the interaction between the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primary human macrophages. Although the metabolic activity of extracellular M. tuberculosis was reduced at oxygen levels between 0.5 and 10%, the bacilli remained viable throughout the 4 d of culture. Phagocytosis of virulent M. tuberculosis and the pathogen-induced release of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages were not affected by oxygen levels as low as 1%. However, we detected the upregulation of an antimicrobial effector pathway mediated by the vitamin D receptor and human β defensin 2. This finding was functionally relevant, because intracellular mycobacterial growth was inhibited by 58 ± 8% at 1% O2. We conclude that a hypoxic microenvironment, which is characteristic of infected tissue, supports the efficacy of antimicrobial immunity, in part by the upregulation of the antimicrobial peptide human β defensin 2.