bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
External Validation Of The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (Sort) In 3305 Abdominal Surgery Patients In The Independent Sector In The United Kingdom
Authors: Oakland Kathryn , Cosentino Daria , Cross Timothy , Bucknall Cliff , Dorudi Sina , Walker David
Published: December 2020

Background Assessing risk of post-surgical mortality is a key component of pre-surgical planning. The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) uses pre-operative variables to predict 30-day mortality. The aim of this study was to externally validate SORT in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods Data were collected from patients treated in five Independent hospitals in the United Kingdom. Individualised SORT scores were calculated and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and precision-recall curves (PRC) plus 95% confidence intervals (CI) were drawn to test the ability of SORT to identify in-hospital death. Outcomes of patients with a SORT predicted risk of mortality of ≥5% (high risk) were compared to those with a predicted risk of <5% (standard risk). Results The study population comprised 3305 patients, mean age 51 years, 2783 (84.2%) underwent elective surgery most frequently involving the colon (24.6%), or liver, pancreas or gallbladder (18.2%). Overall 1551 (46.9%) patients were admitted to ICU and 29 (0.88%) died. The AUROC of SORT for discriminating patients at risk of death in hospital was 0.899 (95% CI 0.849 to 0.949) and the PRC 0.247. In total 72 (2.18%) patients were stratified as high risk. There were more unplanned ICU admissions and deaths in this group compared to the standard risk group (25.0% and 3.3%, versus 3.1% and 0.5%, respectively). Conclusion We externally validated SORT in a large population of abdominal surgery patients. SORT performed well in patients with lower risk profiles, but underpredicted adverse outcomes in the higher risk group.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia from the North-Eastern Area of Romania
Authors: Vlad Cristiana-Elena , Foia Liliana , Florea Laura , Costache Irina-Iuliana , Covic Andreea , Popescu Roxana , Reurean-Pintilei Delia , Covic Adrian
Published: December 2020

Background. Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH) is one of the most frequent and important monogenic cholesterol pathologies. Traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors increase the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) in this population. The aims of the study were:(a) to identify FH patients in the North-Eastern part of Romania and to analyze demographic, clinical and paraclinical data (b) to evaluate the risk of new cardiovascular events at follow-up in FH patients stratified by lipid-lowering agents.Methods. This first prospective study in the North-Eastern part of Romania was carried out between October 2017 and October 2019; out of 980 patients with dyslipidemia evaluated with the Dutch Lipid Network(DLCN) and Simon Broome(SM) scores, 61 patients with DLCN score above 3 and possible/probable FH(SM score) were included.Results. 980 patients were examined and 61 (6.2%) were received the clinical diagnosis of FH. The mean age was 48.5±12.5 years, with more female patients than male patients (63.9% versus 36%). Hypertension was the main cardiovascular risk factor for both genders, followed by physical inactivity and obesity for the female group and active smoking for the male group. The measured DLCN score recorded: “possible” FH identified in 39.4%, “probable” FH in 45.9% and “definite” FH in 14.7%. The effective lipid-lowering drugs used were statin alone and statin in association with fenofibrate, which improved both the lipid profile values and the subclinical atherosclerosis markers (ankle-brachial index, carotid intima-media thickness and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). New ASCVDs that emerged during the study were most commonly represented by coronary heart disease and stroke. At the same time, the new CV events were delayed in patients receiving the lipid-lowering drugs, without significant differences between them.Conclusions. In patients with suspected FH, the lipid-lowering agents during the follow-up period delayed the new cardiovascular events, yet failed to reach the goals proposed by the guidelines.
X-ray computed microtomography of diamondiferous impact suevitic breccia and clast-poor melt rock from the Kara astrobleme (Pay-Khoy, Russia)
Authors: Zubov Aleksandr A. , Shumilova Tatyana G. , Zhuravlev Andrey V. , Isaenko Sergey I.
Published: December 2020

X-ray computed microtomography (CT) of impact rock varieties from the Kara astrobleme is used to test the method’s ability to identify the morphology and distribution of the rock components. Three types of suevitic breccias, clast-poor melt rock, and a melt clast from a suevite were studied with a spatial resolution of 24 µm to assess CT data values of 3D structure and components of the impactites. The purpose is first to reconstruct pore space, morphology, and distribution of all distinguishable crystallized melt, clastic components, and carbon products of impact metamorphism, including the impact glasses, after-coal diamonds, and other carbon phases. Second, the data are applied to analyze the morphology and distribution of aluminosilicate and sulfide components in the melt and suevitic breccias. The technical limitations of the CT measurements applied to the Kara impactites are discussed. Because of the similar chemical composition of the aluminosilicate matrix, glasses, and some lithic and crystal clasts, these components are hard to distinguish in tomograms. The carbonaceous matter has absorption characteristics close to air, so the pores and carbonaceous inclusions appear similar. However, X-ray microtomography could be used to prove the differences between the studied types of suevites from the Kara astrobleme using structural-textural features of the whole rock, porosity, and the distributions of carbonates and sulfides.
Use of magnetic field in equine physiotherapy – preliminary study
Authors: JASTRZĘBSKA EWA
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of magnetic field therapy in equine rehabilitation and the use of thermography as a diagnostic tool providing visualisation of the healing progress. The material for the study was a 23-year-old Mur-Insulan mare used for many years as a horse for riding lessons. Magnetic field therapy was applied every second day for 60 minutes. During the survey, blood samples were taken three times. Thermograms were taken before and after each magnetic therapy sessions. Magnetic field therapy had no negative effects on the mare’s condition, which was supported by haematological blood samples analysis. Thermograms showed increased temperature within the examined front limbs and trunk. During the sessions, the mare was calm and relaxed, which indicates that the application of a magnetic field had a calming and soothing effect on the horse's body. The conclusion was that magnetic field therapy may improve regeneration, provides proper cell nutrition, faster bone symphysis, analgesia and could decrease swelling.
MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS E OS REFUGIADOS DO CLIMA COMO UMA QUESTÃO DE SEGURANÇA HUMANA: REPENSANDO A PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E O MULTILATERALISMO NO SÉCULO 21
Authors: Sanchez Diego Emanuel Arruda
Published: December 2020

As Mudanças Climáticas já vem apresentando consequências nocivas sobre diversas dimensões da vida humana. Com robustas previsões e diversos estudos que já apontam diversos efeitos severos e persistentes sobre diversos aspectos da vida humana em sociedade, riscos estes que vão de impactos sobre as fontes de geração de energia à questões envolvendo segurança alimentar aos problemas sociais e de saúde que o deslocamento forçado causado por ela também causa. Estima-se que, até o ano de 2050, algo em torno de 150 a 250 milhões de pessoas serão obrigadas a deixar os seus lares, comunidades e os seus próprios territórios nacionais por conta das secas, desertificação, aumento do nível dos mares, perdas de lavouras, eventos climáticos extremos e outros efeitos adversos das Mudanças Climáticas. Trata-se, portanto, de uma anunciada crise de segurança humana e das relações internacionais sem precedente na história humana. Diante disto, este trabalho tem por objetivo traçar um breve panorama sobre as complexas interconexões deste tema e realizar uma análise histórico-crítica do atual estágio de tutela protetiva desta população deslocada e as instituições de direito atualmente existentes que possam os amparar e assegurar a proteção da sua dignidade humana, um estudo realizado sobretudo sob a ótica do Materialismo Histórico e da Teoria da Sociedade de Risco, e que busca analisar, em especial, o papel da ONU e seus órgãos, das negociações do clima e do multilateralismo internacional nesta área temática do direito e da política internacional como elementos indispensáveis para a manutenção da paz mundial.
BREVE ANÁLISE DAS OPINIÕES CONSULTIVAS DA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS NO ÂMBITO DA MIGRAÇÃO
Authors: Silvestre Filho Oscar , De Souza Ferreira Eduardo Dias
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo teve a finalidade de estudar os Pareceres Consultivos OC- 18/03 e OC-21/14, ambos emitidos pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, relativamente sobre a condição jurídica dos migrantes e necessidade proteção no âmbito internacional. A finalidade foi a de analisar os direitos e garantias ressaltadas pela Corte Interamericana no âmbito da migração, atentando-se para a situação de vulnerabilidade dos migrantes e a perspectiva dos direitos humanos no âmbito global. Por fim, concluiu-se que aludidos Pareceres estabelecem novas diretrizes no tratamento jurídico a ser conferido aos migrantes, tendo em vista o grande enfoque nos direitos humanos consagrados no âmbito nacional e Internacional.
UM BALANÇO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE TRABALHO, EMPREGO E RENDA PARA A POPULAÇÃO LGBT NO BRASIL E NA ARGENTINA (2004-2014)
Authors: Irineu Bruna Andrade , Oliveira Brendhon Andrade
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho é fruto da pesquisa intitulada “Direitos LGBT e Políticas Públicas de Trabalho, Emprego e Renda no Brasil e na Argentina (2004-2014): Mapeamento Crítico Preliminar” vinculada ao Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Extensão em Sexualidade, Corporalidades e Direitos da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT. O estudo mapeou documentos que nortearam as políticas públicas de trabalho no Brasil e Argentina. Em um contexto de refração dos direitos humanos após avanço neoliberal através dos governos do campo de esquerda e consequentemente do retorno de governos de direita tanto na Argentina quanto no Brasil, torna-se central refletir sobre o período de gestão governamental do Partido Justicialista (Argentina) e Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT). Durante os anos de governo destes partidos, pode-se observar a criação de uma agenda anti-homofobia nestes dois países, através de ações concernentes aos direitos LGBT (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais) via Poder Executivo e Judiciário, no caso brasileiro ou via Poder Legislativo, como na situação Argentina. O processo de organização das lutas da população LGBT remontam de tempos onde ambos países vivenciavam a ditadura militar entre o final da década de 1960 e 1970. Com a redemocratização esses países vão vivenciar experiências distintas de tensionamento da sociedade civil junto ao Estado. A demanda por trabalho, emprego e renda subjaz a segmentos diversos cuja posição de classe social referencia-se de maneira latente, entretanto, a identidade de gênero e a orientação sexual passam a ser trazidas como marcadores sociais que também vão produzir desigualdade social no acesso a qualificação e ao trabalho formal.
MOTIVAÇÃO, ESFORÇO E RECOMPENSA: ASPECTOS RELACIONADOS À EQUIPE DE TRABALHO EM UMA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE TRADICIONAL
Authors: Hyppolito Mayra Cristina De Campos Prado , Silva Junior Manoelito Ferreira , De Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Realizar um diagnóstico situacional das motivações e necessidades para maior motivação, (des)equilíbrio entre esforço/recompensa e (super)comprometimento entre profissionais envolvidos direta ou indiretamente na assistência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de modelo tradicional. Método: O estudo transversal foi realizado com trabalhadores (n=50) de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde tradicional de Piracicaba-SP, Brasil. Houve aplicação de questionário sobre motivações e necessidades para maior motivação com o trabalho e o modelo Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa. Os funcionários foram agrupados entre os que faziam (n=31) e não faziam (n=19) atendimento ambulatorial. Os dados foram analisados por análise descritiva e teste qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: Os dois grupos de profissionais estão com suas necessidades fisiológicas satisfeitas e apresentaram potencial de motivação com o trabalho se houver um estímulo positivo às necessidades sociais e de estima. Porém, algumas necessidades podem ser supridas de maneira diferente para cada grupo, como promover o bom relacionamento profissional no grupo que faz ambulatório e apoio do gestor entre quem não faz ambulatório. Conclusão: Os grupos estão em equilíbrio com seus esforços e recompensas.
CONTENÇÃO FARMACOLÓGICA DE ONÇAS-PARDAS PUMA CONCOLOR (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) COM TILETAMINA, ZOLAZEPAM, DETOMIDINA, ATROPINA, COM OU SEM AZAPERONE, EM DOSES CALCULADAS POR EXTRAPOLAÇÃO ALOMÉTRICA INTERESPECÍFICA
Authors: Souza Marcos Vinícius de , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto , Pachaly José Ricardo , Botelho Núbia Estéfane Gomes , Hirano Líria Queiroz Luz
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade e segurança da contenção farmacológica de 16 exemplares de Puma concolor cativos, com a associação de tiletamina, zolazepam, detomidina e atropina (G1) ou tiletamina, zolazepam, detomidina, atropina e azaperone (G2). Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos e as doses iniciais foram calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica. A partir da análise estatística, observou-se que as frequências cardíaca, respiratória e a temperatura corporal se mantiveram constantes durante toda a avaliação, entretanto, a saturação parcial de oxigênio apresentou queda significativa no G2 aos 70 MPI no G2, ao se comparar com t0. No entanto o protocolo utilizado no G2 apresentou melhor contenção farmacológica, onde 100% dos exemplares apresentaram miorrelaxamento excelente e sem manifestações físicas de emêse. Ambos os protocolos avaliados são indicados para transporte, exame físico, colheita de amostras de sangue, avaliação odontológica e outros procedimentos pouco invasivos, de moderada duração, em P. concolor de cativeiro.
VAMOS CONVERSAR SOBRE RETINOBLASTOMA? – A ATUAÇÃO DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Freitas Rafaela Alves , Blumer Eryc Abido , De Sousa Marcus Vinícius Arantes , Resende Laíse Oliveira , Gonçalves Luciano -
Published: December 2020

O retinoblastoma é a neoplasia ocular mais comum da infância, representando 3% a 4% de todos os cânceres pediátricos. A taxa de incidência média da doença nos Estados Unidos e na Europa é de aproximadamente 1 em 14.000 a 18.000 nascidos vivos, enquanto no Brasil é o dobro. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de um projeto de extensão de educação em saúde, o qual visou a conscientização da comunidade a respeito  do retinoblastoma, seus sinais e sintomas e a importância de seu diagnóstico precoce. Após revisão teórica pertinente a respeito do tema, a equipe programou encontros teóricos para discussão  e desenvolveu três tipos de atividades práticas a serem executadas em dois dias da semana, na sala de espera dos ambulatórios de oftalmologia e pediatria da universidade. Foram realizadas as atividades práticas: uma roda de conversa sobre o que é o câncer, um jogo didáticode mitos e verdades e uma atividade com modelo anatômico de olho em acrílico. A população se envolveu e apresentou muitas dúvidas e curiosidades sobre o assunto. A equipe executora desfrutou de muitos benefícios da atuação interdisciplinar  e obteve formação mais integral na área da saúde, com estudo de temas não muito trabalhados ao longo da graduação. O projeto estimulou a reflexão crítica da população a respeito de seu papel ativo no diagnóstico precoce do retinoblastoma, bem como no reconhecimento de seus sinais e sintomas. Além disso, o projeto configurou um momento de formação profissional para os graduandos que pretendem trabalhar em equipes multiprofissionais.
Estructura y composición arbórea del bosque tropical caducifolio secundario en la Depresión Central, Chiapas, México
Authors: Gordillo Ruiz Mercedes Concepción , Pérez Farrera Miguel Ángel , Castillo Santiago Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

El bosque tropical caducifolio está altamente amenazado y transformado a causa de las actividades agrícolas en Chiapas; sin embargo, se conoce poco acerca de su dinámica sucesional y potencial de regeneración. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la capacidad regenerativa de los bosques secundarios a través de los cambios en la riqueza, diversidad, composición y estructura en una reserva forestal de la Depresión Central de Chiapas. Se establecieron 20 unidades de muestreo (UM) de 1000 m2 en bosques con diferentes edades de abandono (C10, C19, C35 y ˃ C40, que representan 10 años, 19 años, 35 años y 40 años, respectivamente), en las que se midieron todos los individuos ≥ 5 cm de diámetro normal (DN). Se compararon en cada condición atributos de estructura y diversidad mediante análisis de varianza y prueba de comparación de medias Tukey (p < 0.05) y la composición florística a través de análisis de ordenación y clasificación. Se registró un total de 142 especies agrupadas en 96 géneros y 41 familias. Leguminosae fue la familia con más especies e individuos. Las especies con mayores abundancias relativas fueron Montanoa tomentosa (5.1%) y Tecoma stans (5%). Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en la riqueza acumulada, diversidad (Shannon–Weiner Hˊ y 1D), densidad de individuos (ind ha-1), altura máxima (m), área basal (m2 ha-1) y biomasa aérea (Mg ha-1). El procedimiento de análisis de varianza multivariado con permutaciones indicó diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en la composición de especies entre las condiciones tempranas (C10 y C19) y las más avanzadas (C35 - C40). Se concluyó que la estructura y composición florística del bosque secundario se recupera lento (baja resilencia), por lo que se requiere implementar actividades conducentes a su conservación en el corto plazo.
Diversidad y enriquecimiento florístico con especies nativas de bosque mesófilo de montaña, en un bosque urbano de Chiapas, México
Authors: Cruz-Salazar Bárbara , Ruiz-Montoya Lorena , Pérez-Gómez María Teresa , García-Bautista Maricela , Ramírez-Marcial Neptalí
Published: December 2020

Los bosques mesófilos de montaña (BMM) se presentan entre 0.5% y 1% del territorio mexicano y están seriamente amenazados debido a la alta tasa de deforestación. Para contribuir a la conservación de especies arbóreas de BMM, se realizó el presente estudio con los objetivos de (1) determinar la diversidad de árboles en el bosque urbano El Cerrito de San Cristóbal, Chiapas, México, (2) enriquecer florísticamente el bosque urbano El Cerrito de San Cristóbal con la plantación de especies nativas del BMM de Chiapas y (3) describir la diversidad genética introducida mediante el enriquecimiento florístico. A través de un muestreo en parcelas circulares de 1000 m2, se registró la estructura y composición de la comunidad de árboles y, por recorridos, se registraron las especies de herbáceas. Se plantaron 14 especies nativas del BMM para enriquecimiento de El Cerrito y, mediante la técnica PCR-RFLPs de ADN de cloroplasto (tRNL), se determinó la diversidad genética introducida. Se detectó una composición de árboles dominada por especies introducidas hace 40 años (Cupressus lusitánica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis y Pinus pseudostrobus). No se observó reclutamiento de plántulas y juveniles de árboles del dosel y se identificaron algunos individuos de especies nativas establecidos naturalmente. La diversidad genética introducida fue baja por especie, pero en conjunto fue moderada. La baja diversidad por especie se atribuye a que el marcador utilizado es conservador. Los bosques urbanos pueden constituir un sistema de conservación de especies de árboles nativos y de su diversidad genética, al mismo tiempo que se promueve la regeneración y diversificación de bosque urbanos. Este estudio contribuye con la conservación y conocimiento genético de especies arbóreas de bosques de montaña de México.
Relações Sociais em Tempos de Isolamento Social e as Contribuições das TIC: Percepções e Reflexões na Região de Bauru-SP
Authors: Pompei David Gustavo , Muniz-Serra Camila Roberta , Caglioni Cassiana Anunciata
Published: December 2020

Devido à Covid-19 e ao isolamento social, novas formas de relacionamento foram adotadas por meio das TIC. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho busca discutir como as relações sociais foram impactadas por elas no período atual, bem como os desafios da interação social. A metodologia incluiu revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo e análise de questionários aplicados por meio de um grupo do Facebook. Como resultados preliminares, refletiu-se que a crise local-global trouxe avanços e retrocessos. Portanto, as TIC contribuíram para as novas configurações das relações e interações sociais na cidade de Bauru. Ressalta-se que essas tecnologias ainda não superam as interações desenvolvidas na esfera pessoal.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ МЕДНОЖИЛЬНЫХ ЛИНИЙ И ТРАКТОВ СКС
Authors: Семенов А.
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрены основные модели комплексных объектов СКС: стационарных линий и трактов на основе электропроводной элементной базы, используемых в процессе для построения классических 4-парных и перспективных однопарных кабельных линий. Показана объективная необходимость расширения номенклатуры таких моделей по мере расширения перечня задач, решаемых информационной системой здания, а также продемонстрирована их преемственность. Обосновывается объективность наличия определенных запасов по параметрам кабельных линий.
Las licitaciones públicas en México: un instrumento de promoción democrática y competitividad económica
Authors: Martínez Hassam Abud
Published: December 2020

Comprender que las licitaciones públicas pueden ser instrumentos de promoción democrática y competitividad económica en la medida en que sean llevadas a cabo con apego a lo establecido en su ordenamiento jurídico, teniendo en cuenta en todo momento lo establecido en el Art. 134, párrafo I constitucional.
In This Issue
Authors: Litvinov Vladimir P.
Published: December 2020

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Gypsies of the Urals in the National Economic Policy of the Soviet State of the 1920-1930s
Authors: Chernykh Alexander V. , Kamenskikh Mikhail S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state policy on Ural Gypsies in the 1920-30s. Historiographical experience allows to undertake micro-level studies including examples of certain regions taking into account their specificity. The article observes the history of Ural Gypsies. Despite a great amount of works devoted to the history of Russian Gypsies the authors are sure that a differentiated approach to the study is the most appropriate taking into account the peculiarities of certain ethnic groups each of them having its own historical specificities. Available published sources and documents that are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time allow to undertake such studies inside one region on the example of two ethnic groups of Gypsies - Russian Roma and the Kalderash Gypsies. The authors have a hypothesis that the number of Ural Gypsies could be much bigger because in official documents they were named Russians or the citizens of certain European countries (Romanians, Bulgarians, Austrians, Serbs, and others). The article analyses the effectiveness of Ural authorities policies aimed at organizing Gypsy collective farms (kolkhoz), industrial artels as well as cultural policies on Gypsies. Despite several successful examples in the country in general Ural attempts of organizing Gypsy collective farms were not that successful though there were all the necessary conditions and regional authorities were making a lot of efforts to maintain those farms that were organized. The sources give information on the activities of Gypsy industrial artels which unlike collective farms were functioning well.
Before the First World War: Reconstruction of the Yekaterinburg City Population in 1913
Authors: Bakharev Dmitry S. , Zabolotnykh Elizaveta A.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the Yekaterinburg city (Urals, Russia) population on the eve of the First World War. We argue that 1897 Census data, which remains the main source for estimating the late Imperial Russias urban population, are not relevant for the early 20th century Yekaterinburg. The results of population surveys of 1917-1922 largely affected by the socio-political crisis do not reflect the actual development of the city before entering the First World War. So the numbers of 50-70 thousands traditionally used to estimate Yekaterinburgs population on the eve of the WWI is a historiographic clich which should be corrected. Our research bases on critical analyses of the newly discovered and transcribed sources Perepis domovladeltcev (municipal survey of the house owners) run in October 1913 at the request of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the aggregated data of the Adresnyi stol (residence registration office) of Yekaterinburg collected in November 1912, as well as local statistics and newspapers. Using source analysis, demographic reconstruction, and a historical-comparative method we reconstructed the population of Yekaterinburg in 1912-1913. Our analysis shows that the citys population exceeded 100 thousand already in 1912, which means that Yekaterinburg was a dynamically developing due to rapid urbanization and became one of the few Russia big (over 100000) cities on the eve of the WWI. While our results help better understanding of the pre-revolutionary Urals urbanization, it also raises the need to re-evaluate the price of the Revolution 1917 the city paid, for its population dropped drastically during the following crises and reached 100 thousand again only in 1926.
The Cultural Aspect of M.B. Kenin-Lopsan Scientific Work
Authors: Kuzhuget Ailana K.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to some aspects of the scientific work of the outstanding Tuvan writer Mongush Borakhovich Kenin-Lopsan, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Peoples Writer of the Republic of Tyva, Honored Worker of Culture of the Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Tuva, Full Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, holder of the international title Living Treasure of Shamanism. Being the permanent president of the republican society of shamans Dungur and the only connoisseur of the secret knowledge of the ancient religion at the moment, he reveals to the reader its basic ideological concepts, explains the essence of ritual practice and attributes of shamans. The scientific works of M. Kenin-Lopsan are gaining more and more value in connection with the new phenomena of neoshamanism, the inclusion in the traditional system of innovations that distort the understanding of the national religion of Tuvans. A study of his works leads us to the conclusion that the scientist reveals the general features of the ancient culture of the SayanAltai Turks of the pre-Mongol period of Tuva. He recorded the unique stories of the best connoisseurs of folklore and traditions of Tuvans during the Soviet era, when interest in traditional culture was considered as a manifestation of nationalism
New Poetic Methods in the Literary Imagination of the Bilingual Writer Eduard Mizhit (Tuvan Poetry)
Authors: Dongak Uran A.
Published: December 2020

In this paper we are trying to coprehend the phenomenon of bilingualism translingual methods of the bilingual poet Eduard Mizhit in modern Tuvan poetry. The research is carried out on the basis of the works of the national writer of Tuva E.B. Mizhit (born in 1961), created by him in his native Tuvan and Russian languages, as well as his self-translation into Russian. E.B. Mizhit has started writing since the rebuilding Soviet period, his creative imagination is connected with the new era of Tuvan literature. His works have become a phenomenon in modern literature of Tuva: publications in the Anthology of Russian vers libre (1991), Collections of vers libre in Tuvan and Russian (Buzundular (Oskolki, 1992; Split Moment, 2011), Collection of verses in prose Kazyrgylig kuduktuӊ kyigyzy (Call of a Whirling Well, 2002), publications of his Russian-language texts in various magazines and on literary sites, creative comprehension of eternal images and plots of world artistic culture in the context of Tuvan aesthetics allow us to speak about the innovative line of creativity of the bilingual writer E.B. Mizhit.
Teaching Russian Culture via English: Implications, Objectives and Challenges
Authors: Lebedeva Irina L.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the issues related to the specifics of teaching the Russian Culture via English course introduced as a part of Masters in Linguistics degree program at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) in 2016. The need for the course stems from the fact that the era of pluricentric English calls for a new type of globally competent and competitive Russian linguists, teachers, and teacher trainers of English able to express their national identity as well as to transmit, promote, and teach national culture through English functioning as a lingua franca, specifically, through the national variety of English, that is Russian English. The course aims at fostering students’ national self-awareness and enhancing their ability to reflect upon their own culture, culture of others as well as culture in general. The article also tackles such aspects as the course syllabus and objectives, its teaching techniques, and materials, as well as challenges that students might face.
Single-mode propagation of adiabatic guided modes in smoothly irregular integral optical waveguides
Authors: Sevastianov Anton L.
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the waveguide propagation of polarized electromagnetic radiation in a thin-film integral optical waveguide. To describe this propagation, the adiabatic approximation of solutions of Maxwells equations is used. The construction of a reduced model for adiabatic waveguide modes that retains all the properties of the corresponding approximate solutions of the Maxwell system of equations was carried out by the author in a previous publication in DCM ACS, 2020, No 3. In this work, for a special case when the geometry of the waveguide and the electromagnetic field are invariant in the transverse direction. In this case, there are separate nontrivial TEand TM-polarized solutions of this reduced model. The paper describes the parametrically dependent on longitudinal coordinates solutions of problems for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - adiabatic waveguide TE and TM polarizations. In this work, we present a statement of the problem of finding solutions to the model of adiabatic waveguide modes that describe the stationary propagation of electromagnetic radiation. The paper presents solutions for the single-mode propagation of TE and TM polarized adiabatic waveguide waves.
Notas sobre los términos y el sistema de parentesco de los Tukano
Authors: Fulop Marcos
Published: December 2020

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Fonología del guambiano
Authors: Caudmont Jean
Published: December 2020

0.—Introducción.

1.—Descripción de los fonemas.

1.1.—Lista.

1.2.—Clasificación.

1.3.—Ejemplos.

1.4.—Definición.

1.5.—Realización.

1.6.—Acento.

2.—Distribución de los fonemas.

2.1.—Estructura de la sílaba.

2.2.—Fonemas sencillos.

2.3.—Fonemas agrupados.

3.—Cambios fonéticos.

3.1.—Cambios producidos por la colocación de los fonemas en la sílaba.

3.2.—Cambios producidos por el contacto con otro fonema.

3.3.—Cambios facultativos espontáneos.
Medicina y magia entre los paeces
Authors: Bernal Villa Segundo
Published: December 2020

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Netværksforståelse fremover – Forskning og praksis for uddannelsesmæssig forandring
Authors: Balslev Gitte Miller , Daly Alan J.
Published: December 2020

Uddannelsessystemer over hele verden opererer som uafhængige enheder, hvor individer ikke nødvendigvis betragter sig selv som en del af større fællesskaber og netværk. Undersøgelser viser, at netværk kan have betydning for menneskers helbred, lykke og verdenssyn, og har ligeledes indflydelse på forskellige typer af læringsfællesskaber i uddannelse.  Forfatterne fremhæver vigtigheden af at undersøge kvaliteten og kvantiteten af sociale bånd mellem aktører i uddannelsessektorer for at forstå, hvordan interaktioner påvirker uddannelse med hensyn til relationer, engagement og resilliens. Netværksrelationer er nu mere end nogensinde vigtige at afdække og forstå i både uddannelsespraksis og i uddannelsesforskningen, for at bidrage til fremtidens globale uddannelsesdagsordner – ikke mindst i lyset af den seneste verdensomspændende sundhedskrise såvel som efter at have gennemstået mange år med talrige uddannelsesreformer.
Når samfundslederskab bliver det demokratiske problem
Authors: Helder Jørn
Published: December 2020

Artiklen sætter fokus på, hvordan statsministeren i et demokratisk perspektiv har håndteret Covid-19-krisen. Artiklen fokuserer således ikke på, om en nedlukning af Danmark var korrekt, men på hvordan demokrati og borgerlige, grundlovssikrede rettigheder reelt blev dekonstrueret og suspenderet i løbet af 24 timer uden anden begrundelse end en statsministers mavefornemmelse. Og hvordan en paralyseret befolkning lod det ske. Artiklen problematiserer også, hvordan et samlet pressekorps under efterfølgende pressemøder blev forment retten til at stille kritiske, opfølgende spørgsmål til statsministerens forskellige initiativer ved kun at have retten til at stille to spørgsmål uden mulighed for supplerende spørgsmål udsprunget af svaret. Yderligere sættes der i artiklen fokus på, hvordan udskamning og overvågning blev en del af regeringens diskurs – indtil det blev afsløret. Hele statsministerens ageren efterlader spørgsmålet om, hvor stabilt vort demokrati egentlig er, og hvor resistent det er over for angreb både indefra og udefra.
Probabilistic Characteristics of Intensive Short-Period Internal Waves in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Kokoulina M. V. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R.E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Kurkina O. E. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R.E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Rouvinskaya E. A. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R.E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Kurkin A. A. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R.E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The paper is aimed at studying the regional features of the internal waves’ field in the Sea of Japan (the Peter the Great Bay) based on the field data, namely, determination of the internal waves’ statistical characteristics that can be used to predict possibility of generating the waves of extreme amplitudes. Methods and Results. The records of water temperature variability in the Peter the Great Bay (the depth at the point of measurements is 42 m) obtained for October 11 – 20, 2011 were used as the initial data. Sampling frequency of the records was 1 s that permitted to analyze the shape of the short-period internal waves. The data on the salinity vertical distribution near the measurement point was also used. The law of the power density spectrum decay (as applied to the studied record) is well described by the Garrett – Munk model for the Sea of Japan zone being under consideration. The calculated temporal series of density were applied for obtaining the basic statistical characteristics including the statistical moments. Besides, empirical distribution for such parameters as the wave heights, periods and steepness and the wave slope amplitude was approximated by the log-normal distribution law and analyzed. The expected wave heights were forecasted using the Poisson statistics. Conclusions. It is shown that the probabilistic characteristics of the internal waves are described well by the log-normal distribution. Based on repeatability of the internal waves’ heights, probability of appearance of intensive disturbances is estimated. It is shown that within 10 days, occurrence of a short-period wave with the height not less than 7 m is guaranteed at the observation point at the 42 m depth. Keywords intensive internal waves, in situ data, probabilistic characteristics of extreme waves, shelf, Sea of Japan.
Conhecimento local e pesca de maçunim (Anomalocardia flexuosa) no sistema estuarino-lagunar do Roteiro, Alagoas - Brasil
Authors: Mottola Leticia Salua Maraschin , Schork Gianfrancisco , Rodrigues Ferreira Pino Jotahi , Romero Renato de Mei , Araujo Daniel de Magalhães
Published: December 2020

O sistema estuarino-lagunar do Roteiro, parte central do litoral alagoano, é um ambiente caracterizado por conflitos socioambientais que conjugam a presença de uma unidade de conservação, a alta demanda turística e a pesca de comunidades tradicionais que procuram no bivalve Anomalocardia flexuosa um importante recurso alimentar e de geração de renda. Assim, dentro desse cenário, objetivou-se caracterizar a atividade extrativista de A. flexuosa na laguna. Para tal, no ano de 2019, aplicaram-se 14 questionários semiestruturados aos marisqueiros. A investigação também foi baseada na observação livre das rotinas de pesca. Os resultados mostraram pontos de convergência entre conhecimentos tradicionais e acadêmicos quanto à influência da competição intraespecífica por espaço e alimento para o recrutamento de novos indivíduos e às quedas de produtividade causadas por altos índices de pluviosidade. A mariscagem é feita de forma rudimentar, com o auxílio de um petrecho denominado ticuca. As capturas ocorrem em áreas com grande variabilidade ambiental, baixa energia de onda e sedimento arenoso. O beneficiamento do bivalve é feito no próprio local de desembarque, em ranchos de pesca construídos de forma precária e em condições sanitárias inadequadas. As conchas são descartadas ao redor dos ranchos – cerca de 27.000 kg de conchas/mês -, modificando a paisagem local.
Soil contamination by petroleum in Tabasco, Mexico, and its environmental repercussions
Authors: G. Chan-Quijano José , L. Torres-López Karla , Martínez-Rabelo Froylán , B. González-Conzuelo Miriam
Published: December 2020

At the beginning of the 1960’s, there were 44 oil fields in 13 from the 17 municipalities in Tabasco, Mexico. Currently, new oil deposits are still being discovered, supporting the national economy. However, this benefit has also severe consequences for both the environment and Tabasco’s society. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to analyzer the environmental repercussion of contamination of the soil due to oil spills in this state of México, as well as the use of the input-output analysis to assess the economic impact of the contamination produced by such oil spills. It is important to emphasize that Tabasco’s territory is the main oil supplier in the country, but it is still necessary to think of it in terms of its environmental protection, and to carry out the fight against pollution to protect the soil and have a good management and exploitation through the creation of special programs with a multidisciplinary research team for a proper evaluation of the most sensitive biological communities and apply it to production costs. The one who contaminates pays. In other words, they will have to take full responsibility for the damages caused, and this according to the international law for nature care and social benefit.
Resolving the SLOSS dilemma for biodiversity conservation: a research agenda
Authors: Fahrig Lenore , Watling James , Arnillas Carlos , Arroyo-Rodríguez Víctor , Jörger-Hickfang Theresa , Müller Jörg , Pereira Henrique , Riva Federico , Rösch Verena , Seibold Sebastian , Tscharntke Teja , May Felix
Published: December 2020

In biodiversity conservation, the “SL > SS principle”
that a single (or few) large habitat patches (SL) conserve more species
than several small patches (SS) is used to prioritize protection of
large patches while down-weighting small ones. However, empirical
support for this principle is lacking; most studies find SS
> SL. We propose a research agenda to resolve this dilemma
by asking, “are there consistent, empirically-demonstrated conditions
leading to SL > SS?” We develop a hypothesis to answer
this question, the “SLOSS cube hypothesis,” which predicts SL
> SS only when all three of the following are true:
between-patch movement is low, population dynamics are not influenced by
spreading-of-risk, and large-scale across-habitat heterogeneity is low.
We then propose methods to test this prediction. Many tests are needed,
comparing gamma diversity across multiple landscapes varying in number
and sizes of patches. If the prediction is not generally supported
across tests, then either the mechanisms leading to SL > SS
are extremely rare in nature, or they are outweighed by countervailing
mechanisms leading to SS > SL (e.g. lower competition or
higher immigration in SS), or both. In that case, the SL >
SS principle should be abandoned.
Effect of changing NAVA levels in preterm infants with RDS
Authors: Lefevere Julie , Delft Brenda Van , Vervoort Michel , Cools Wilfried , Cools Filip
Published: December 2020

Objective: to examine the effect of changing levels of support
(NAVA-level) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in
preterm infant with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on electrical
diaphragm activity. Methods: we included preterm infants admitted to the
NICU, who were clinically stable and supported with NAVA, either via an
endotracheal tube or via a nasal interface. Patients were recruited in
the first 24 hours after the start of NAVA. Following a predefined
titration protocol, NAVA levels were progressively increased starting
from a level of 0,5 cmH2O/µV and with increments of 0,5 cmH2O/µV every 3
minutes, up to a maximum level of 4,0 cmH2O/µV. Respiratory and
ventilation parameters were continuously recorded. Results: Ten patients
were studied on NIV-NAVA and three on invasive NAVA. The NIV-NAVA
patients had an average gestational age at birth of 31,4 + 3,2 weeks and
an average birth weight of 1615 + 609 g. For all patients a breakpoint
could be identified during the titration study. The breakpoint was on
average at a level of 2,35 + 0,63 cmH2O/µV in the NIV-NAVA group. With
increasing NAVA levels, the respiratory rate decreased significantly.
For the other parameters no clear trend was observed. No severe
complications occurred. Conclusion: Preterm neonates with RDS supported
with NAVA display a typical biphasic response to changing NAVA-levels
with an identifiable breakpoint. This breakpoint was at a higher
NAVA-level than commonly used in this clinical situation, suggesting
that higher levels might be needed to optimally support preterm neonates
with RDS.
Fighting the Novel Coronavirus within the Context of Chinese Traditional Culture
Authors: Liming Zhou
Published: December 2020

As a great nation, Chinese Ethnic Peoples has survived hardships time and still bedevil. Whether in dangerous or difficult situation, the classical Chinese culture with the full of the wisdom and ability has to deal with risks aggressively. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is from Chinese culture, has proactive responded the various epidemics. In the face of this new coronavirus, the classic Chinese culture theory and classic discourse have shown endless vitality, guiding the people of the whole country to overcome the difficulties, and have made a significant contribution to subside the epidemic around the world.
Political Ethics & Pandemic
Authors: Orosco Eduardo Javier Luna
Published: December 2020

A real and functional relationship is established between political behavior and situations of social disaster such as the current pandemic that is shaking the world, with extreme variations in attitude that fluctuate between the cynicism of deceit, violence and the circumstantial advantage in attacking the adversary, up to forms of truly ethical and rational conduct to control the situation. Contradictory forces are then unleashed that disorient the citizenship, provoking various reactions that further complicate the context, with the appearance of new and collateral problems with multiple and difficult solutions, not always well faced by those who govern and have the power to decide.
Vulnerability Continues for Syrian Refugee Children
Authors: Ozdogan Tutku
Published: December 2020

Turkey hosts the largest number of Syrian refugees. The birth rate of Syrian newborns in Turkey increases day by day and they also need intensive care and other therapies. Here we report the case of a Syrian infant who had permanent vision loss after a series of events that reflects the cultural and language barriers as well as the social injustice faced by the refugees.
Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Bio-Control Agents (BCAs) in Crop Production
Authors:   Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. H.P. (173 230), India, Kumari Sujata , Bharat Narender K. ,   Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. H.P. (173 230), India, Thakur Ashok K. ,   Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. H.P. (173 230), India
Published: December 2020

The bioagents like Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) play a crucial role in plant growth promotion, nutrient uptake and suppression of biotic and abiotic stresses. Different researchers have applied these bioagents by various means either through seed treatment or through soil application to prevent various plant diseases. Thus, these non-chemical environment friendly tools can be exploited to enhance crop production.
Economic Analysis of Groundnut Production in Andhra Pradesh
Authors:   Dept. of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana (500 030), India, Sunandini G. P. , Devi Irugu Shakuntala ,   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Nagarkurnool, Telangana (509 215), India
Published: December 2020

For the study on cost of cultivation of groundnut crop in Andhra Pradesh, the data was obtained from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The cost of cultivation was found to be Rs. 55142.26. Among the operational costs, labour cost accounted to a major share of 60%, indicating the labour intensive nature of groundnut cultivation. The cost of cultivation and the gross returns analysed during the two periods noted that cost of cultivation (C2) increased by 40% where as A2+FL increased by 52% against the increase of 25% in the gross returns. The cost of production was higher in Andhra Pradesh than other major groundnut producing states Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. The cost of cultivation needs to be reduced by opting good management practices and more mechanization so as to make groundnut cultivation profitable in Andhra Pradesh.