bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Link Characteristics Comparison of Lambertian & Non-Lambertian MIMO-Based 6G Vehicular Visible Light Communications
Authors: Ding Jupeng , I Chih-Lin , Wang Jintao , Yang Hui
Published: December 2024

As one key candidate technology for the 6G internet of vehicles, vehicular visible light communications (VLCs) have received widespread attention and discussion due to their inherent advantages, including broadband, green, security, and ubiquity. In order to improve the quality of vehicular VLC links and extend their coverage, various multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques have been actively introduced into the field of vehicular VLC, demonstrating the corresponding performance gain potential. Objectively, the existing research works mentioned above are generally limited to the discussion of MIMO vehicular VLC based on conventional Lambertian light-emitting diode (LED) light sources. Consequently, there is one absence of a targeted study and evaluation of the link configuration-based vehicular non-Lambertian LEDs and the potential non-Lambertian MIMO vehicular VLC. To address the limitations of the aforementioned research and explore the novel spatial dimension for vehicular VLC design, this work attempts to introduce the representative non-Lambertian LED light beams into the typical MIMO vehicular VLC application for constructing novel MIMO vehicular VLC transmission links. The numerical results demonstrate that in 2 × 2 MIMO mode, compared to the benchmark Lambertian vehicular VLC scheme, the proposed typical non-Lambertian NSPW vehicular VLC schemes could provide capacity gains of up to 5.18 bps/Hz and 4.71 bps/Hz for the stop mode, and the traffic mode, respectively. Moreover, this article quantitatively evaluates the impact of the spatial spacing of receiver light beams on the performance of MIMO vehicular VLC and the relevant fundamental characteristics.
Pulmonary Embolism in the Elderly: From Symptoms to Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Ballas Christos , Sfairopoulos Dimitrios , Samara Ioanna , Lakkas Lampros , Kardakari Olga , Konstantinidis Athanasios , Naka Katerina K. , Michalis Lampros K. , Katsouras Christos S.
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: There are little data about the differences in clinical and echocardiographic characteristics between elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) and younger patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). (2) Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with PE in a tertiary hospital were identified. Clinical characteristics, biomarkers and transthoracic echocardiography indices including right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RV-FWLS) were recorded. (3) Results: Of 200 patients enrolled, 19 patients had high-risk PE and were excluded from the study. Compared to younger patients, elderly patients with PE had less frequently pain and typical symptoms and more often were hospitalized due to another reason before the PE diagnosis. The elderly had higher values of D-dimer, high-sensitivity troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Echocardiographic differences were noted and the elderly had lower values of pulmonary vascular acceleration time, RV E/A ratio and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio. The RV-FWLS index did not show a statistically significant difference in distribution between age groups ≥ 65 and <65 years old. The RV diameter was similar across all age groups. (4) Conclusions: The elderly have differences compared with younger patients with PE regarding the mode of presentation, the values of biomarkers like D-dimer, BNP and troponins and some echocardiographic indices of RV affection.
Endobronchial Suture of Tracheoesophageal Fistula Through Rigid Bronchoscopy Without Tracheostomy: A Preliminary, Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Galluccio Giovanni , D’Agnano Vito , Menichini Ilaria , Napolitano Antonio Giulio , Masi Umberto , Bianco Andrea
Published: December 2024

Background: A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) represents a condition characterized by abnormal communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the airways. Although the current gold-standard treatment is surgery, pre-existing clinical conditions may represent contraindications. We therefore propose a bronchoscopic approach through rigid bronchoscopy without tracheostomy for total repair in patients suffering from benign tracheoesophageal fistulas. Methods: Fistula suture through rigid bronchoscopy with either absorbable (Vycryl 3.0, Ethicon, Inc.) or non-absorbable (Prolene, Ethicon US, LLC. 2022.) sutures was performed using a long needle holder as an alternative resolutive procedure to surgery. From 2015 to 2022, we retrospectively reviewed 10 consecutive patients affected by TEFs in our Endoscopic Unit at San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital (Rome, Italy) who underwent this bronchoscopic procedure. The coprimary outcomes were the proportion of fistulas successfully treated with the innovative treatment proposed and the rate of procedure-related complications. Results: The complete healing of the fistula was achieved in nine of the ten patients after 1 year. Follow-up with flexible bronchoscopy was scheduled and carried out at 1, 3, and 12 months following rigid bronchoscopy. Overall, seventeen endoscopic repair procedures were performed. Five of these patients required more than one endoscopic treatment to reach complete fistula closure. Fistula closure was not achieved post-procedure in one patient. No complications during procedures or in the follow-up period were reported. Conclusions: Despite the small cohort, our preliminary study has demonstrated that the endoscopic approach through rigid bronchoscopy, without tracheostomy, represents a safe and satisfactory alternative for patients affected by TEFs who are not suitable for surgery.
Pre-Pregnancy Counselling for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Guide on Risks, Evaluations, and Multidisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Saulescu Ioana Cristina , Panaitescu Anca Maria , Gică Nicolae , Grădinaru Elena , Opris-Belinski Daniela
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the essential role of pre-pregnancy counselling for women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on minimising risks and optimising pregnancy outcomes. RA, a prevalent inflammatory arthritis with onset during childbearing years, necessitates targeted preconception counselling to manage disease activity and comorbidities effectively. The counselling ensures medication compatibility and planning around disease flares, and it involves a multidisciplinary team comprising rheumatologists, obstetricians, and other specialists to develop individualised care plans. This literature review highlights the challenges women with RA face, including prolonged time to pregnancy, increased risks during pregnancy, such as hypertension and preeclampsia, and potential fertility issues related to medication and disease activity. Emphasis is placed on the importance of assessing autoantibody presence and managing specific joint involvements that may affect anaesthetic procedures during pregnancy. This paper underscores the importance of timing conception during periods of low disease activity and adopting a “Treat-to-Target” approach using acceptable medications to maintain disease remission. This study calls for routine family planning discussions and preconception evaluations to address reproductive health and treatment plans, thereby supporting women with RA in achieving favourable pregnancy outcomes comparable to the general population. The multidisciplinary approach and regular counselling are critical to navigating the complexities of RA and pregnancy successfully.
Efficacy of Topical Treatment of Low-Risk Cervical Preinvasive Lesions with Glycyrrhizinic Acid
Authors: Andzane Diana , Zodzika Jana , Jermakova Irina , Senfelde Ilva , Utorova Marina , Rezeberga Dace
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of medication treatment with glycyrrhizinic acid for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 lesions. Methods: Women with histologically confirmed CIN 1 in cervical biopsies were included in the prospective study. Participants of the study group used glycyrrhizinic acid spray (Epigen spray) topically 10 days (Epigen 10-day subgroup) or 20 days (Epigen 20-day subgroup) per month for 6 months. Women in the control group had no treatment. There were two follow-up visits 6 months apart. All patients were screened for human papillomavirus (HPV) before enrollment and during the first follow-up visit. Results: There were 50 patients in the Epigen group and 50 patients in the control group. At the first follow-up visit, in the histological findings, progression to CIN 2+ was 6.7% in the Epigen 20-day subgroup, 31.1% in the control group, and the persistence of CIN 1 was 86.7% in the Epigen 20-day subgroup and 62.2% in the control group, p = 0.03. Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) was statistically significantly more frequent in the control group after the first follow-up visit (10% in the Epigen 20-day subgroup vs. 30% in the control group, p = 0.032). No such relationships were found during the second follow-up visit. Conclusions: The vaginal spray of the glycyrrhizinic acid used 20 days per month appears to decrease the risk of the progression of CIN 1 lesions, with the need to perform LLETZ. However, a similar effect is not observed after stopping usage.
Exploring Dietary- and Disease-Related Influences on Flatulence and Fecal Odor Perception in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pueschel Lea , Nothacker Sonja , Kuhn Leonie , Wedemeyer Heiner , Lenzen Henrike , Wiestler Miriam
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects gastrointestinal function and may alter fecal and flatulence odor (intestinal odor) due to changes in inflammation, the gut microbiome, and metabolism. Investigating the relationship between dietary habits and intestinal odor in IBD is critical given the relationship between diet, gut health, and microbiome diversity. Methods: We performed a cohort analysis of a monocentric, cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral center and compared the perception of fecal and flatulence odor in 233 IBD patients (n = 117 women) with that of 96 healthy controls (HCs) (n = 67 women). In addition to a short screening questionnaire on highly processed foods (sQ-HPF), dietary behavior (Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)), clinical (HBI, PMS) and biochemical (CRP, fecal calprotectin) parameters of disease activity, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet were assessed. Results: A notable predisposition towards elevated levels of intestinal malodor was identified in the IBD cohort when compared to the HC group. The analysis of dietary behavior in conjunction with intestinal malodor revealed more pronounced associations in the HC collective than in the IBD collective. The data further indicated that, in comparison to those in remission, IBD individuals with an active disease status exhibited a higher prevalence of intestinal malodor. In an adjusted logistic regression analysis of the influence of disease- and diet-specific factors on flatulence and fecal malodor in IBD, male sex was identified as a significant risk factor. Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of dietary factors in the management of IBD symptoms, with a particular focus on flatulence and fecal odor. Individuals with IBD demonstrated a higher propensity for intestinal malodor compared to HC, with active disease status further amplifying this prevalence. Dietary behavior showed stronger associations with malodor in the HC group than in IBD individuals, suggesting distinct interaction patterns between diet and gut health in these populations.
Abnormal Venous Flow in Pregnant Women with Mild Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: A Clinical Model for Organ Dysfunction in Preeclampsia
Authors: Siegmund Anne S. , Gyselaers Wilfried , Sollie-Szarynska Krystina M. , Willems Tineke P. , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Hoendermis Elke S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Pregnant women with congenital heart disease carry a high risk of complications, especially when cardiac function is suboptimal. Increasing evidence suggests that impaired right ventricular (RV) function has a negative effect on placental function, possibly through venous congestion. We report a case series of hepatic and renal venous flow patterns in pregnant women with right ventricular dysfunction after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), relative to those observed in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Methods: At 20–24 weeks pregnancy, RV function was measured by echocardiography and by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in women with repaired ToF. Combined Doppler-ECG of the hepatic and renal interlobular veins were performed in three women with asymptomatic right ventricular dysfunction. Venous impedance index and pulse transit time were measured and classified as abnormal at >75th and <25th reference percentile, respectively. Results: All three women showed dilated RV and mildly impaired RV function. Both hepatic and intrarenal Doppler flow waves were abnormal and very much resembled the patterns seen in preeclampsia. One of the three women had complications including ventricular tachycardia, intrauterine growth restriction, antenatal bleeding, emergency cesarean section and acute heart failure 2 days postpartum. Conclusions: Pregnant women with mild right ventricular dysfunction after repaired ToF show abnormal venous Doppler flow waves in the liver and kidneys, similar to those observed in preeclampsia. These findings are in line with reported observations on the association between impaired RV function, abnormal return of venous blood, venous congestion and organ dysfunction. The parallel with venous Doppler flow observations in preeclampsia suggest that the venous compartment might play an important role in the etiology of preeclampsia-induced organ dysfunction. Whether this phenomenon directly affects the uteroplacental circulation is to be assessed in future research.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Case–Control Study Through a Long Follow-Up Period
Authors: Zaccardi Benedetta , Armandi Angelo , Caviglia Gian Paolo , Broglio Fabio , Vernero Marta , Bombonato Michelle , Giannone Beatrice , Beccuti Guglielmo , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The characterization of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a new group has not been well detailed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of T2DM on IBD progression and analyze the prevalence of steatotic liver disease and liver damage in these patients. Methods: Through a retrospective case–control study, we compared severe IBD occurrence in patients with both IBD-T2DM (cases) versus those with IBD alone (controls). Among 1047 medical records, 79 IBD-T2DM patients were selected and compared to 308 controls in a 1:4 ratio. Severe IBD was defined by variables such as surgery, target therapy, corticosteroid use, and hospitalization. Liver damage was assessed using Fib-4 (>1.3), and hepatic steatosis was evaluated by imaging. Results: There was no significant difference in severe disease rates (59.5% vs. 59.7%; p = 0.97). IBD-T2DM patients had higher rates of hepatic steatosis (62.9% vs. 27.2%; p < 0.0001) and liver damage (55.4% vs. 26.6%; p < 0.0001). IBD-T2DM patients used more corticosteroids (p < 0.0001) and fewer anti-TNF-alpha drugs (p = 0.007). The median age at diagnosis was higher in IBD-T2DM patients (48 vs. 32; p < 0.0001). In Crohn’s disease, 24.3% of IBD-T2DM patients had exclusive colonic involvement compared to 5% in the IBD-only group (p = 0.003). Conclusions: T2DM was not associated with worse IBD progression, but was linked to increased liver steatosis and damage. Differences such as age of onset, colonic involvement, and liver damage suggest that IBD-T2DM patients could configure a special population worthy of further studies.
Everolimus Through Plasmatic Concentrations in Cancer Patients: Prospective Longitudinal Observational Multicentric Study (DIANA-1 Project)
Authors: Fort-Casamartina Eduard , Pernas Sonia , Otero Sara , Mate Paula , Gonzalo Núria , Narváez Sonia , Rigo-Bonnin Raúl , Padró-Miquel Ariadna , Teulé Àlex , Garcia del Muro Xavier , Peiró Inma , Arribas Lorena , Esteve Anna , Gonzalez Andrea , Rey Montse , Clopés Ana , Fontanals Sandra , Muñoz Carme
Published: December 2024

Background: Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is actually used to prevent organ transplant rejection and treat metastatic breast, renal, and neuroendocrine cancers. Despite significant pharmacokinetic variability among patients, routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is not commonly used in oncology. Methods: The aim of this multicenter, prospective observational cohort study is to assess the prevalence of everolimus minimum concentration at a steady state (Cminss) falling outside the therapeutic range (10–26.3 ng/mL) during a routine TDM programme. Sixty patients with metastatic breast, neuroendocrine, or renal cancers, either starting or continuing everolimus treatment according to hospital protocols, are to be included between 1st of January 2024 and 31st of December 2025 (patients undergoing clinical trials are excluded). We hypothesize that 30–50% of our patients and their blood samples will not achieve the target optimal plasma concentrations. Blood samples are collected every 4–6 weeks to monitor drug levels. The secondary goal is to explore correlation between out-of-range everolimus levels and factors such as demographic and anthropometric data, treatment specifics, lab results, genetic polymorphisms, and the presence of toxicity. Conclusions: This study could offer valuable insights into optimizing dosing strategies and may contribute to future research on personalizing everolimus and other anticancer treatments. This personalized approach seeks to tailor therapy not only to the tumour’s molecular profile but also to the individual characteristics of each patient, improving both drug selection and dosing precision.
The Role of Inflammatory Markers NLR and PLR in Predicting Pelvic Pain in Endometriosis
Authors: Gorun Oana Maria , Ratiu Adrian , Citu Cosmin , Cerbu Simona , Gorun Florin , Popa Zoran Laurentiu , Crisan Doru Ciprian , Forga Marius , Daescu Ecaterina , Motoc Andrei
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in pelvic pain among endometriosis patients. This study examines the association between inflammatory markers—specifically the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—and pelvic pain in endometriosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of endometriosis patients, assessing NLR and PLR levels in those with and without pelvic pain. Diagnostic utility was evaluated using ROC curves, and logistic regression determined associations between these markers, pain presence, and endometriosis severity. Results: Patients with pelvic pain had significantly higher median levels of both NLR and PLR (p < 0.05). NLR demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.63, sensitivity of 59%, and specificity of 71% at a cut-off of 1.85. PLR, with a cut-off of 139.77, showed an AUC of 0.60, with a specificity of 82% and sensitivity of 40%, indicating better utility for excluding pain. Logistic regression analysis revealed that NLR > 1.85 was significantly associated with pelvic pain (OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.45–6.49, p = 0.003), as was PLR > 139.77 (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.18–6.82, p = 0.02). Advanced rASRM stages (III and IV) also correlated with elevated NLR and PLR values. Conclusions: Elevated NLR and PLR are associated with pelvic pain and advanced stages of endometriosis, suggesting these ratios are potential markers for assessing inflammation and disease severity. Further studies should explore combining NLR and PLR with other biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy in endometriosis.
Risk Assessment for Preeclampsia in the Preconception Period Based on Maternal Clinical History via Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Kaya Yeliz , Bütün Zafer , Çelik Özer , Salik Ece Akça , Tahta Tuğba
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study was aimed to identify the most effective machine learning (ML) algorithm for predicting preeclampsia based on sociodemographic and obstetric factors during the preconception period. Methods: Data from pregnant women admitted to the obstetric clinic during their first trimester were analyzed, focusing on maternal age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, history of diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and mean arterial pressure. The women were grouped by whether they had a preeclampsia diagnosis and by whether they had one or two live births. Predictive models were then developed using five commonly applied ML algorithms. Results: The study included 100 mothers divided into four groups: 22 nulliparous mothers with preeclampsia, 25 nulliparous mothers without preeclampsia, 28 parous mothers with preeclampsia, and 25 parous mothers without preeclampsia. Analysis showed that maternal BMI and family history of diabetes mellitus were the most significant predictive variables. Among the predictive models, the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) classifier demonstrated the highest accuracy, achieving 70% and 72.7% in the respective groups. Conclusions: A predictive model utilizing an ML algorithm based on maternal sociodemographic data and obstetric history could serve as an early detection tool for preeclampsia.
“Y” Configuration of the Arterial Pedicle or the Use of a Saphenous Vein Graft for Microsurgical Reconstruction in the Old and Diseased—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Moshammer Maximilian , Hecker Andrzej , Watzinger Nikolaus , Pignet Anna-Lisa , Martin Ron , Weigel Gerlinde , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Girsch Werner
Published: December 2024

Background: Non-healing soft tissue defects pose challenges to treating physicians. Microsurgical reconstruction is a treatment option for achieving wound closure and limb salvage. These free tissue transfers are often challenging due to associated risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate microsurgical reconstruction using specialized microsurgical techniques for non-healing spontaneous or post-traumatic soft tissue defects in an elderly, high-risk patient cohort with peripheral artery disease. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with radiologically confirmed peripheral artery disease who underwent free tissue transfers between 2004 and 2010. Patients were included in whom one of two surgical techniques was used, including a “Y” configuration of the arterial pedicle, employed either as an interposition graft or as an arterial patch, or the use of a saphenous vein graft. Patient demographics, comorbidities, flap/limb survival, and surgical techniques were analyzed. Results: Twenty patients at a mean age of 68 (+/−9.3) years underwent 21 primary flap surgeries. Trauma-derived soft tissue defects were predominant (55%). Latissimus dorsi muscle flaps were most frequently utilized (52.4%). The flap success rate was 90.5% at a 12-month follow-up, with no secondary amputations recorded. The lost flaps were replaced by additional free tissue transfers without further complications. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of free tissue transfers in high-risk patients with complex soft tissue defects and vascular calcifications. Thorough preoperative planning and the application of specialized surgical techniques are crucial for favorable outcomes in challenging clinical scenarios.
Efficiency and Safety of Repeated Vertebroplasty for Adjacent Segment Fractures
Authors: Wu Bo-Sheng , Hsu Ming-Cheng , Yao Yu-Cheng , Lin Hsi-Hsien , Chou Po-Hsin , Wang Shih-Tien , Chang Ming-Chao , Hsiung Wei , Wang Chien-Yuan , Chen Kuan-Jung
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To review the outcomes of patients who underwent repeated vertebroplasty (VP) surgery for adjacent segment fractures (ASF), defined as new osteoporotic vertebral fractures occurring at levels immediately above or below a previously treated vertebra. Methods: From 1 January 2018, to 31 December 2020, forty-one patients who developed ASF following initial VP and underwent repeated VP were enrolled in our study. Radiographic measurements included single and two-segment kyphotic angles (SKA and TKA), and anterior and mid-vertebral body height (AVH and MVH). Patient-reported outcomes included back pain assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results: The procedure significantly reduced the mean single kyphotic angle (SKA) by 4.8° ± 6.8° (p < 0.01) and the two-segment kyphotic angle (TKA) by 3.0° ± 7.9° (p = 0.02), along with increases in anterior and mid-body height by 0.3 ± 0.5 cm and 0.3 ± 0.6 cm (both p < 0.01). However, there was a slight restoration loss in SKA and TKA at a 20.1-month follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes revealed substantial pain reduction, with the VAS score dropping from 8 to 1 (p < 0.0001) and the mean ODI score improving from 59.7 to 28.9 (p < 0.0001). The complication rate was 34.1%, including nonunion, de novo fractures, cement leakage, and neurological deficits. Additionally, 7.3% of cases necessitated further surgical interventions. Conclusions: Repeated VP for ASF improves vertebral alignment parameters and patient-reported outcomes, but with a high rate of complications and reoperation.
Awareness and Knowledge About Preconception Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study of Early Years UAE Medical Students
Authors: Maki Sara , Al Awar Shamsa , Alhosani Sara , Alshamsi Latifa , Alzaabi Shamma , Ali Alsaadi Mohammad , Alhammadi Mahra , Alhosani Hamad , Salam Gehan Sayed , Wójtowicz Stanisław , Zaręba Kornelia
Published: December 2024

Background: Preconception health is critical for improving maternal and child health. The main objective of the study was to explore medical students’ health habits, quality of life, and knowledge of preconception healthcare. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between 15 March 2023 and 31 May 2024 among medical students at United Arab Emirates University. To determine awareness and knowledge of preconception health, we administered a survey consisting of an author’s questionnaire with 35 questions covering sociodemographic characteristics and general knowledge of preconception health, as well as the WHO Quality of Life Scale-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: The participants were predominantly under 25 years old (98.5%), Emirati (91.1%), single (92.6%), and female (95.8%); only 3.4% had been pregnant before. Regarding health awareness and behaviors, a significant number of females (58.0%) had never visited a gynecologist. The majority of students (72.4%) participated in sports activities. The overall level of knowledge was low, with a mean level of 7.5 (SD = 6.36) out of 24. The Internet (webpages, blogs, webinars) (64.5%) was the major source of knowledge regarding healthcare information, followed by social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram) and mobile applications (57.5%), books (48.6%), and family members (57.0%). There was a statistically significant correlation between knowledge levels and the Internet (p < 0.004) or family (p < 0.001) as a source of knowledge. Additionally, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and quality of life across all four WHOQOL domains. Conclusions: Medical knowledge might positively affect general well-being. Fostering stronger social networks and support systems could benefit preconceptional awareness and knowledge.
Feasibility of Using Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy to Improve the Dynamic Postural Balance of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Pulay Márk Ágoston , Kornis Krisztina , Bednárikné Dörnyei Gabriella , Feketéné Szabó Éva , Horváth Mónika , Matiscsák Attila , Nyakas Csaba , Tenk Miklósné Zsebe Andrea , Vissi Tímea , Mayer Ágnes , Túri Ibolya
Published: December 2024

Cerebral palsy (CP) manifests with abnormal posture and impaired selective motor control, notably affecting trunk control and dynamic balance coordination, leading to inadequate postural control. Previous research has indicated the benefits of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy for various musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. Therefore, we conducted a randomized pilot study to assess the feasibility of our preliminary research design and examine the effect of the PEMF treatment among children with CP. Methods: Twelve children with spastic CP participated, with the study group undergoing PEMF treatment three times a week for four weeks. The treatment involved sine signal form, 20/200 Hz frequencies at an amplitude of 150 μT, initially administered for 8, 12, and 16 min per session. The control group received a sham treatment. Dynamic postural balance was evaluated using a force platform at baseline and post-intervention, and the data were analyzed. Data were processed using IBM SPSS 27 by repeated factorial analysis of variance. The significance level was α = 0.05. Results: No side effects of PEMF therapy were detected; this is important, because this intervention has not yet been applied among CP patients. The treatment group demonstrated a positive trend in fine balance coordination tests (p = 0.049); however, the small sample size and variability in control group performance suggest caution in interpreting these findings. Other test domains did not show significant differences. Conclusions: Our pilot study reveals the safety, feasibility, and potential efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy for children with cerebral palsy. With no observed side effects, the significant improvement in fine balance coordination suggests a promising avenue.
Experimental Protocol for Color Difference Evaluation Under Stabilized LED Light
Authors: Vernet Sofiane , Dinet Eric , Trémeau Alain , Colantoni Philippe
Published: December 2024

There are two key factors to consider before implementing a color discrimination experiment. First, a set of color patches should be selected or designed for the specific purpose of the experiment to be carried out. Second, the lighting conditions should be controlled to eliminate the impact of lighting instability on the experiment. This paper addresses both of these challenges. It proposes a method to print pairs of color patches with non-noticeable color differences. It also proposes a method to stabilize the Spectral Power Distributions (SPDs) of a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lighting system. Finally, it introduces an experimental protocol for a color discrimination study that will be performed thanks to the contributions presented in this paper.
Mental Rotation Performance: Contribution of Item Features to Difficulties and Functional Adaptation
Authors: Rajeb Mehdi , Krist Andrew T. , Shi Qingzhou , Oyeniran Daniel O. , Wind Stefanie A. , Lakin Joni M.
Published: December 2024

Mental rotation is an important aspect of spatial ability. While the importance of measuring mental rotation has been explored, disputes still exist within the literature surrounding sources of item difficulty in mental rotation tests (MRTs). Furthermore, gender differences in MRT performance are often seen but not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed sources of item difficulty in a set of spatial ability test items using the Linear Logistic Test Model (LLTM). We found that items with more cubes, color differences, and higher rotational complexity tend to be more difficult, whereas items that contain occlusion, a mirrored structure, and a homogenous configuration type tend to be easier. Next, using Differential Component Functioning (DCF) analysis, we analyzed gender differences across these different item characteristics, finding that the number of cubes and color characteristics made questions more difficult for males when compared to females. The results and implications of this study are discussed in further detail.
CFD Simulation of the Wave Pattern Above a Submerged Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Li Hengrui , Wu Jinming
Published: December 2024

This work aims to establish a numerical model to investigate the wave interaction induced by the motion of a submerged cylindrical wave energy converter. The results show that when the submerged cylinder is in forced sinusoidal heave motion, distinct hollows and humps are produced on the free surface. As the heave amplitude increased from 1 m to 1.8 m, the depth of the hollow increased by 454%, and the height of the hump increased by 370%. Along with strong nonlinear phenomena, the generation of up to the fourth harmonic on the free surface above the submerged body is found, and the highest amplitude of the second harmonic waves reached 68% of the primary frequency. This indicates that the energy distribution of the wave is decomposed and rebalanced, and some energy in the primary frequency accumulates towards higher harmonics. When the submerged cylinder is in forced sinusoidal surge motion, the free surface elevation decreases in a stepwise manner as the wave transitions from crest to trough. As the cylinder pitches, the elevation of the wave trough decreases by 5% compared to when the submerged cylinder remains static.
Fast and Deterministic Underwater Point Cloud Registration for Multibeam Echo Sounder Data
Authors: Zhao Liang , Cheng Lan , Tan Tingfeng , Cao Chun , Zhang Feihu
Published: December 2024

Investigating underwater environments using Multi-Beam Echo Sounder (MBES) point cloud registration technology is a critical yet underdeveloped area in oceanographic research. This paper presents a fast, deterministic Branch-and-Bound (BnB) method with four degrees of freedom, which combines Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data with MBES point cloud data for precise registration. Given the prevalence of outliers and noise in underwater acoustic measurements, the BnB method is employed to provide globally deterministic solutions. However, due to the exponential convergence speed of the BnB method with respect to the dimensionality of the solution space, searching within a six-degree-of-freedom parameter space (three rotational and three translational degrees of freedom) can be extremely time-consuming. To this end, the Z-axis of the point cloud is aligned with the gravitational direction of the IMU, reducing the rotational degrees of freedom from three to one, specifically concerning yaw. Additionally, an outlier exclusion strategy is introduced to eliminate mismatches, significantly reducing the number of key-point correspondences and thereby improving registration efficiency. Experiments conducted on both public and real-world lake datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a favorable balance between speed and accuracy, outperforming other tested methods and meeting the demands of contemporary research.
Wind, Water Level, and Fluid Mud Thresholds in Lake Apopka, Florida
Authors: Hayter Earl J. , Mehta Ashish J. , Jaeger John M. , Valle-Levinson Arnoldo , Manning Andrew J. , Forlini Carola
Published: December 2024

A study was undertaken at Lake Apopka in Florida to assess the minimum water depth required to contain a wind-induced episodic rise of fluid mud. In a year-long investigation, measurements were made at the mean water depth of 1.3 m to record the variation of suspended sediment concentration due to bed erosion and settling of the flocculated matter. The height of rise is defined as the elevation above the bed at which the mud floc volume fraction is at the threshold between the so-called flocculation settling and hindered settling regimes. The rise, which is considered significant when fluid mud occupies the 0.2 m high benthic boundary layer (BBL), occurs when the threshold wind exceeds about 9 m s−1 corresponding to a 4% cumulative probability of occurrence. Predictive modeling suggests that in 2 m water depth the required wind would be about 14 m s−1 with a low probability of 2%. Moreover, a transition occurs from wave-dominant resuspension at low depths to current-dominance in deeper water, which likely influences BBL dynamics with potential effects on the benthic biota. Provided a higher than present depth can be sustained in the large lake, the deduced relationship between fluid mud rise, wind speed, and water depth makes it feasible to select the depth at which the frequency of fluid mud occupying the BBL remains acceptably low. The developed protocol is general enough to be applicable to other similar shallow lakes where fluid mud rise must be contained.
Computational Analysis of an Ammonia Combustion System for Future Two-Stroke Low-Speed Marine Engines
Authors: Serrano Jose R. , Novella Ricardo , Climent Héctor , Arnau Francisco José , Calvo Alejandro , Thorsen Lauge
Published: December 2024

Ammonia, being 17.6% hydrogen by mass, is regarded as a hydrogen carrier and carbon-free fuel as long as its production methods rely on renewable energy sources. The production and combustion of green ammonia do not generate carbon dioxide, offering a promising avenue for substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a well-to-wake perspective. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for the development and validation of a thermodynamic model for a two-stroke low-speed marine engine incorporating a hybrid ammonia-diesel diffusion combustion system. The simulation tools are rigorously validated using experimental data obtained during diesel operation. Subsequently, the study explores various aspects of the novel ammonia-diesel combustion system, addressing combustion and emissions characteristics. The investigation incorporates diverse simulation scenarios involving direct fuel injection through dedicated valves into the cylinder head of a six-cylinder, turbocharged compression-ignition engine. The engine features two diesel injection valves, employed to initiate the combustion process, and two ammonia injection valves. Simulation scenarios include variations in the injection timing of the pilot diesel injector and the relative orientation of diesel and ammonia sprays. Case C emerges as the preferred configuration, demonstrating superior metrics in terms of combustion stability, air-fuel mixing, and emissions profile compared to other cases. The results indicate a reduction of CO2 emissions of approximately 95% in mass compared to the baseline diesel operation. Furthermore, notable reductions in NOx emissions are observed, preliminarily attributed to the lower flame temperature of ammonia. Despite the appearance of N2O emissions as a result of ammonia oxidation, the overall potential reduction in GHG emissions, in CO2-equivalent terms, exceeds 85% at selected operating points. This work contributes valuable insights into the optimization of cleaner propulsion systems for maritime applications, facilitating the industry’s transition toward more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Semi-Empirical Speed Loss Prediction for Weather Routing
Authors: Cheng Chih-Wen , Tzeng Yu-An , Chang Ming-Hsiung , Liu Shang-Chi , Cheung Ho-King , Hsin Ching-Yeh
Published: December 2024

This study presents an optimized system for ship route planning. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to modify Kwon’s semi-empirical speed loss estimation method, enabling efficient route planning under variable sea conditions. The study focused on improving the prediction of speed loss in irregular waves for container ships and further applying this to ship-optimized voyage planning. Dynamic programming was used for optimized voyage planning by modifying the ship course in response to meteorological data; this approach could balance both energy efficiency and safety. The modified speed loss predictions aligned closely with the simulation results, enhancing the reliability of weather routing decisions. Case studies for trans-Pacific and trans-Atlantic voyages demonstrated that the proposed system could significantly reduce the voyage time. These findings highlight the potential of real-time updates in voyage planning. The proposed system is a valuable tool for captains and fleet managers. The applicability of this system can be further broadened by validating it on different ship types.
Design of Deep-Sea Acoustic Vector Sensors for Unmanned Platforms
Authors: Sun Qindong , Da Lianglong
Published: December 2024

To meet the critical need for compact, multifunctional acoustic vector sensors on deep-sea unmanned platforms such as acoustic profiling buoys and underwater gliders, we have developed a novel composite resonant acoustic vector sensor capable of large-depth operations. The sensor innovatively integrates the sound pressure channel and the vector channel, and utilizes the conjugate cross-spectrum between them to effectively reduce the isotropic noise, enhance the detection of weak signals from ships, and make up for the shortcomings of a single sound pressure channel and a vector channel. Certified to function reliably at depths up to 1500 m, field sea trials confirm its efficacy in deep-sea deployments, capturing essential marine environmental noise data. Key analysis during sea trials focused on marine ambient noise levels captured at frequencies of 65 Hz, 125 Hz, 315 Hz, 400 Hz, and 500 Hz, correlating these with changes in depth. The test results revealed the following insights: (a) At the same depth, the marine environmental noise level increases as the frequency decreases; (b) At the same frequency, the marine environmental noise level decreases with increasing depth; (c) Under favorable deep-sea conditions, the marine environmental noise level reaches 55 decibels (dB) at 500 Hz; (d) Noise levels tend to increase at various frequencies when surface ships are in proximity. These findings underscore its significant potential for enhancing deep-sea acoustic surveillance and exploration.
Frequency-Dependent Anisotropic Electromagnetic Responses of Fractured Reservoirs with Various Hydrate Distributions Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Liu Shengbiao , Hu Gaowei , Bu Qingtao , Zhao Yapeng , Sun Zhiwen
Published: December 2024

Geophysical methods detecting electromagnetic properties (e.g., conductivity, relative permittivity, and dielectric loss factor) have been developed into an important tool to accurately assess the hydrate-bearing reservoirs. The key to the satisfying inversion of the electromagnetic collected data is the precise understanding of the electromagnetic responses in hydrate-bearing reservoirs. However, the frequency-dependent anisotropic electromagnetic responses in fracture-filling hydrate reservoirs remain poorly understood. To acquire the above understanding, we use a numerical simulation method to investigate the frequency-dependent anisotropic conductivities, relative permittivities, and dielectric loss factors of the constructed fracture-filling hydrate digital cores. The fractures in digital cores are aligned along a certain direction and contain the hydrate with various distributions and saturations. The simulated electromagnetic behaviors are comprehensively analyzed and explained by the effects of the electrical polarization, the aligned fractures, as well as the occurrence of hydrate with various distributions and saturation in fractures. The results show that the conductivities enhance while the relative permittivities reduce with increasing frequency, respectively, and their dispersion amplitudes at the frequency scope roughly between 100 MHz and 3000 MHz are more dramatic than that at other frequency ranges. The obtained dielectric loss factors increase first and then decrease with frequency and display peak value at the frequency of approximately 1000 MHz. The conductivities, relative permittivities, and loss factor peak values vertical to the fractures are lower than that in the other direction under the same conditions, respectively. It is found that these three parameters for all hydrate distributions and frequencies reduce with the enhancement of hydrate saturation, whereas the decreasing trends in conductivities and relative permittivities are distinct among the various hydrate distributions. The research results would be possible to pave a way for better identifying and evaluating hydrate resources of fractured reservoirs using the collected electromagnetic data.
Investigation of Floating Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization Considering Mooring Line Constraints
Authors: Sun Haiying , Li Mingdan , Fan Tianhui , Cai Chenzhi
Published: December 2024

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have become a promising solution for harnessing wind energy in deeper seas. However, the complex interplay between FOWT layout, mooring line patterns, and wake effects significantly influences the overall performance of a floating offshore wind farm (FOWF). This paper proposes a novel optimization methodology that integrates mooring line constraints into the FOWF layout optimization process. The wake-induced power deficit is considered, whereas the vortices are neglected. The new method considers the constraint areas for each FOWT, which are defined based on both mooring line buffer zones and wind turbine buffer zones. By defining constraint areas, the optimization process ensures that FOWTs are optimally positioned while avoiding interference and collisions. By carefully considering the buffer zones, the power potential of FOWFs with three-line, four-line, and six-line mooring configurations can be improved by 122%, 100%, and 78%, respectively. Then, a genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the FOWT positions and mooring line angles simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study in Guangdong, resulting in a significant 5% increase in power output potential compared to conventional approaches. This research contributes to the advancement of FOWT layout optimization and provides valuable insights for the design and deployment of future FOWFs.
Design and Detection Performance of Metal Contaminant Sensor with Triple Coil Structure
Authors: Gu Changzhi , Zhang Zuo , Zhang Shaoxuan , Zhao Hongliang , Hu Shukui , Zhang Wenbo , Bai Chenzhao , Zhang Hongpeng , Wang Chenyong
Published: December 2024

In marine engineering, the daily management of mechanical equipment needs to ensure that the oil is normal. Oil plays the role of sealing, cooling, lubrication, and other functions in the equipment, and can also be used as hydraulic fluid to transfer energy. By analyzing the state of the oil, it is possible to obtain information about the operation of the equipment, such as judging the wear or failure of the equipment by detecting impurities in the oil. This paper proposes and designs a wireless triple-coil structure oil detection sensor for detecting metal particles in the oil circuit. The sensor consists of three coils placed concentrically with the same parameters. When the sensor detects metal particles in the oil, the ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic particles flowing through the sensor produce magnetization and eddy current effects, resulting in variable inductive signals that complete the detection of metal particles. This paper firstly explains the sensing principle of this triple coil sensor detection by formula derivation. Secondly, the simulation model of the sensor was established by using COMSOL 6.0 simulation software according to the scale of 1:1, and the magnetic field strength distribution law inside the coil of the triple-coil sensor was simulated. The experimental results showed that the sensor was able to detect iron particles at 73 µm and copper particles at 220 µm, moreover the obtained signal characteristics are obvious, with high detection sensitivity. The sensor is wireless and performs contactless detection of metal particles. This is important for the detection of metal particle contaminants in oil.