bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIF1α inhibition by dual targeting of CDK4/6 and HSP90 reduces cancer cell viability including Rb-deficient cells
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Zhou Lanlan , Dicker David T. , Lev Avital , Zhang Shengliang , El-Deiry Wafik S.
Published: October 2020

Most cancers harbor intra-tumoral hypoxia which promotes tumor progression and therapy resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) mediates an adaptive response to hypoxia and contributes to multiple cancer hallmarks. We describe cancer therapeutic targeting of HIF1α by combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors (HSP90i). CDK1 contributes to HSP90-mediated HIF1α stabilization whereas CDK1-knockdown enhances HIF1α reduction by HSP90i. Dual CDK1- and HSP90-inhibition increases apoptosis and synergistically inhibits cancer cell viability. To translate our findings, we use FDA-approved CDK4/6i in combination with HSP90i to reduce HIF1α expression and suppress viability of multiple cancer cell types, including Rb-deficient cancer cells. Overexpression of HIF1α668Epartially rescues the cell viability inhibition by combination CDK4/6i and HSP90i treatment under hypoxia. CDK4/6i and HSP90i suppresses tumor growthin vivo. Thus, combined targeting of CDK4/6 and HSP90, through a drug class effect, inhibits HIF1α and shows preclinical anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy, including with Rb-deficiency.
Interactions with stromal cells promote a more oxidized cancer cell redox state in pancreatic tumors
Authors: Datta Rupsa , Lau Allison N. , Sivanand Sharanya , Florek Logan , Wyckoff Jeffrey , Skala Melissa C. , Vander Heiden Matthew G.
Published: October 2020

Access to electron acceptors supports oxidized biomass synthesis and can be limiting for cancer cell proliferation, but how cancer cells overcome this limitation in tumors is incompletely understood. Non-transformed cells in tumors can help cancer cells overcome metabolic limitations, particularly in pancreatic cancer, where pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promote cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, whether PSCs affect the redox state of cancer cells is not known. By taking advantage of the endogenous fluorescence properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactors and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide, we use optical imaging to assess the redox state of pancreatic cancer cells and PSCs and find that the redox state of cancer cells is more reduced while the redox state of PSCs is more oxidized. Direct interactions between PSCs and cancer cells promote a more oxidized state in cancer cells, suggesting that metabolic interactions between cancer cells and PSCs is a mechanism to overcome the redox limitations of cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer.
Auditory cortex is susceptible to lexical influence as revealed by informational vs. energetic masking of speech categorization
Authors: Carter Jared A. , Bidelman Gavin M.
Published: October 2020

Speech perception requires the grouping of acoustic information into meaningful phonetic units via the process of categorical perception (CP). Environmental masking influences speech perception and CP. However, it remains unclear at which stage of processing (encoding, decision, or both) masking affects listeners’ categorization of speech signals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether linguistic interference influences the early acoustic-phonetic conversion process inherent to CP. To this end, we measured source level, event related brain potentials (ERPs) from auditory cortex (AC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) as listeners rapidly categorized speech sounds along a /da/ to /ga/ continuum presented in three listening conditions: quiet, and in the presence of forward (informational masker) and time-reversed (energetic masker) 2-talker babble noise. Maskers were matched in overall SNR and spectral content and thus varied only in their degree of linguistic interference (i.e., informational masking). We hypothesized a differential effect of informational versus energetic masking on behavioral and neural categorization responses, where we predicted increased activation of frontal regions when disambiguating speech from noise, especially during lexical-informational maskers. We found (1) informational masking weakens behavioral speech phoneme identification above and beyond energetic masking; (2) low-level AC activity not only codes speech categories but is susceptible to higher-order lexical interference; (3) identifying speech amidst noise recruits a cross hemispheric circuit (ACleft→ IFGright) whose engagement varies according to task difficulty. These findings provide corroborating evidence for top-down influences on the early acoustic-phonetic analysis of speech through a coordinated interplay between frontotemporal brain areas.
Multiple sequential prediction errors during reward processing in the human brain
Authors: Hoy Colin W. , Steiner Sheila C. , Knight Robert T.
Published: October 2020

Recent developments in reinforcement learning, cognitive control, and systems neuroscience highlight the complimentary roles in learning of valenced reward prediction errors (RPEs) and non-valenced salience prediction errors (PEs) driven by the magnitude of surprise. A core debate in reward learning focuses on whether valenced and non-valenced PEs can be isolated in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). Here, we combine behavioral modeling and single-trial EEG regression revealing a sequence of valenced and non-valenced PEs in an interval timing task dissociating outcome valence, magnitude, and probability. Multiple regression across temporal, spatial, and frequency dimensions revealed a spatio-tempo-spectral cascade from valenced RPE value represented by the feedback related negativity event-related potential (ERP) followed by non-valenced RPE magnitude and outcome probability effects indexed by subsequent P300 and late frontal positivity ERPs. The results show that learning is supported by a sequence of multiple PEs evident in the human EEG.
Helping Behavior in Prairie Voles: A Model of Empathy and the Importance of Oxytocin
Authors: Kitano Kota , Yamagishi Atsuhito , Horie Kengo , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Sato Nobuya
Published: October 2020

Several studies suggest that rodents show empathic responses and helping behavior toward others. We examined whether prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) would help conspecifics who were soaked in water by opening a door to a safe area. Door-opening latency decreased as task sessions progressed. When the conspecific was not soaked in water, the latency of the door-opening did not decrease, indicating that the distress of the conspecific is necessary for the learning of the door-opening. These suggest that prairie voles learn helping behavior. We found no sex difference in the door-opening latency or the interest in other voles soaked in water. Additionally, we also examined the helping behavior in prairie voles in which oxytocin receptors were genetically knocked out. Oxytocin receptor knockout voles demonstrated less learning of the door-opening and less interest in other voles soaked in water. This suggests that oxytocin is important for the emergence of helping behavior.
RIT2 reduces LRRK2 kinase activity and protects against alpha-synuclein neuropathology
Authors: Obergasteiger Julia , Castonguay Anne-Marie , Frapporti Giulia , Lobbestael Evy , Baekelandt Veerle , Hicks Andrew A. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Gravel Claude , Corti Corrado , Lévesque Martin , Volta Mattia
Published: October 2020

In Parkinson’s disease (PD) misfolded alpha-synuclein (aSyn) accumulates in the substantia nigra, where dopaminergic neurons are progressively lost. The mechanisms underlying aSyn pathology are still unclear but hypothesized to involve the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). LRRK2 mutations are a major cause of familial and sporadic PD, hyperactivate kinase activity and its pharmacological inhibition reduces pS129-aSyn inclusions. We observed selective downregulation of the novel PD risk factorRIT2in G2019S-LRRK2 expressing cells. Here we studied whether RIT2 could modulate LRRK2 kinase activity. RIT2 overexpression in G2019S-LRRK2 cells rescued ALP abnormalities and diminished aSyn inclusions.In vivo, viral mediated overexpression of RIT2 conferred neuroprotection against AAV-A53T-aSyn. Furthermore, RIT2 overexpression prevented the A53T-aSyn-dependent increase of LRRK2 kinase activityin vivo. Our data indicate that RIT2 inhibits overactive LRRK2 to ameliorate ALP impairment and counteract aSyn aggregation and related deficits. Targeting RIT2 could represent a novel strategy to combat neuropathology in familial and idiopathic PD.
A coded aperture microscope for X-ray fluorescence full-field imaging
Authors: Siddons D. P. , Kuczewski A. J. , Rumaiz A. K. , Tappero R. , Idir M. , Nakhoda K. , Khanfri J. , Singh V. , Farquhar E. R. , Sullivan M. , Abel D. , Brady D. J. , Yuan X.
Published: October 2020

The design and construction of an instrument for full-field imaging of the X-ray fluorescence emitted by a fully illuminated sample are presented. The aim is to produce an X-ray microscope with a few micrometers spatial resolution, which does not need to scan the sample. Since the fluorescence from a spatially inhomogeneous sample may contain many fluorescence lines, the optic which will provide the magnification of the emissions must be achromatic, i.e. its optical properties must be energy-independent. The only optics which fulfill this requirement in the X-ray regime are mirrors and pinholes. The throughput of a simple pinhole is very low, so the concept of coded apertures is an attractive extension which improves the throughput by having many pinholes, and retains the achromatic property. Modified uniformly redundant arrays (MURAs) with 10 µm openings and 50% open area have been fabricated using gold in a lithographic technique, fabricated on a 1 µm-thick silicon nitride membrane. The gold is 25 µm thick, offering good contrast up to 20 keV. The silicon nitride is transparent down into the soft X-ray region. MURAs with various orders, from 19 up to 73, as well as their respective negative (a mask where open and closed positions are inversed compared with the original mask), have been made. Having both signs of mask will reduce near-field artifacts and make it possible to correct for any lack of contrast.
Adoption of artificial intelligence integrated CRM system: an empirical study of Indian organizations
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri , Nguyen Bang , Ghosh Soumya Kanti , Bhattacharjee Kalyan Kumar , Chaudhuri Sumana
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the behavioral intention of the employees to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) integrated customer relationship management (CRM) system in Indian organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

To identify the factors impacting the behavioral intention of the employees to adopt AI integrated CRM system in Indian organizations helps of literature review and theories have been taken. Thereafter, some hypotheses have been formulated followed by the development of a theoretical model conceptually. The model has been tested statistically for validation using a survey by considering 308 usable respondents.

Findings

The results of this study show that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use directly impact the behavioral intention of the employees to adopt an AI integrated CRM system in organizations. Also, these two exogenous factors impact the behavioral intention of the employees to adopt an AI integrated CRM system mediating through two intermediate variables such as utilitarian attitude (UTA) and hedonic attitude (HEA). The proposed model has achieved predictive power of 67%.

Research limitations/implications

By the help of the technology acceptance model and motivational theory, the predictors of behavioral intention to adopt AI integrated CRM systems in organizations were identified. The effectiveness of the model was strengthened by the consideration of two employee-centric attitudinal attributes such as UTA and HEA, which is claimed to have provided contributions to the extant literature. The proposed theoretical model claims a special theoretical contribution as no extant literature considered the effects of leadership support as a moderator for the adoption of an AI integrated CRM system in Indian organizations.

Practical implications

The model implies that the employees using AI integrated CRM system in organizations must be made aware of the usefulness of the system and the employees must not face any complexity to use the system. For this, the managers of the concerned organizations must create a conducive atmosphere congenial for the employees to use the AI integrated CRM system in the organizations.

Originality/value

Studies covering exploration of the adoption of AI integrated CRM systems in Indian organizations are found to be in a rudimentary stage and in that respect, this study claims to have possessed its uniqueness.
Responding to COVID-19 in an African university: the case the National University of Lesotho library
Authors: Mbambo-Thata Buhle
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the National University of Lesotho Library’s shift to supporting of contact teaching to e-learning because of COVID-19. The university library increased access to digital content and broadened digital services.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study is based on reflective practice methodology in which practitioners learn from their practice, reflect and adapt to change as they improve on their practice. The library team members were reflective participants in the transformation of library services from on-site to digital services. The main research questions are “How did the digital libraries meet the needs of the digital community?” and “What will be the new normal after COVID-19 experience in digital libraries and their communities?” The literature review juxtaposes reports on transformation of library services to digital services.

Findings

The library transformed from on-site to digital services library. It also reports on observed increase in databases usage during lockdown.

Research limitations/implications

The nature of a case study is limited by time and geography.

Practical implications

This paper has implications and possible applications for other university libraries in African countries that are resources constrained such as Lesotho.

Originality/value

This paper makes a valuable contribution to lessons on how African universities’ libraries respond to pandemics such as COVID-19. It speaks to the need to strengthen existing infrastructure and digital content, while ensuring the library staff and the university community adapts to the new normal.
An algorithm to elicitate ELECTRE II, III and IV parameters
Authors: e Souza Rodrigues Brunno , Martins Floriano Carla , Pereira Valdecy , Costa Roboredo Marcos
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper presents an algorithm that can elicitate all or any combination of parameters for the ELECTRE II, III or IV, methods. The algorithm takes some steps of a machine learning ensemble technique, the random forest, and for that, the authors named the approach as Ranking Trees Algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

First, for a given method, the authors generate a set of ELECTRE models, where each model solves a random sample of criteria and actions (alternatives). Second, for each generated model, all actions are projected in a 1D space; in general, the best actions have higher values in a 1D space than the worst ones; therefore, they can be used to guide the genetic algorithm in the final step, the optimization phase. Finally, in the optimization phase, each model has its parameters optimized.

Findings

The results can be used in two different ways; the authors can merge all models, to find the elicitated parameters in this way, or the authors can ensemble the models, and the median of all ranks represents the final rank. The numerical examples achieved a Kendall Tau correlation rank over 0.85, and these results could perform as well as the results obtained by a group of specialists.

Originality/value

For the first time, the elicitation of ELECTRE parameters is made by an ensemble technique composed of a set of uncorrelated multicriteria models that can generate robust solutions.
Entrepreneurial intention as a function of university atmosphere, macroeconomic environment and business support: a multi-group analysis
Authors: Çera Gentjan , Çera Edmond , Rozsa Zoltan , Bilan Svitlana
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of university atmosphere, macroeconomic environment and business support on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, it explores whether country moderates these relationships or not.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is administered on individual-level data collection through survey distribution. The impact of contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention, along with moderating effect, was examined by using multi-group analysis (MGA) in partial least squares (PLS) in an original data set of 1,352 respondents from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland.

Findings

The results indicate that university environment and business support can influence entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, country did not moderate the proposed relationships.

Research limitations/implications

This study’s contribution enriches literature by providing insights on the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions in the Central Europe context. Limitations may be overcome with further research.

Practical implications

Identifying factors that influence entrepreneurial intention can inform the design of effective policies to boost entrepreneurship and combat youth unemployment.

Originality/value

Understanding the contextual factors that motivate students towards entrepreneurship may inform the design of more effective policies. The findings of this study, particularly concerning moderating effects, are useful to scholars as entrepreneurial behaviour is proved similar across all three countries.
Smart city visions: pathways to participatory planning in two American cities
Authors: Fletcher Amy Lynn
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the use of community visioning in Montgomery, Alabama and Chattanooga, Tennessee, as each municipality seeks to become a globally competitive 21st century smart city while also fostering participatory and inclusive planning processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is qualitative, drawing upon discourse analysis of relevant mass media and public documents to map the consultation process and identify the key themes and challenges arising in the two visioning projects.

Findings

Montgomery and Chattanooga are committed to using participatory visioning to generate inclusive pathways to smart city status by 2040. Each used the local utility company as the key platform to enable a smart city because of each company’s inclusive demographic reach and historical status. The two cities are at different stages of the smart city trajectory and each faces ongoing challenges in ensuring that the benefits of smart city development reach beyond elites to include communities across racial and economic lines. To date, the planning process in each city is more accurately classified as a responsive community visioning rather than participatory.

Research limitations/implications

This is a pilot assessment of community visioning in Montgomery and Chattanooga. Implementation of each vision is ongoing and further research is needed to illuminate how each city meets ongoing challenges and opportunities, particularly in light of the Covid-19 pandemic and its flow-on economic and social shocks.

Originality/value

The value of this work lies in the comparison of community visioning across two mid-sized and diverse American cities in the Southern region that must compete with larger and more established technology-hubs in both the USA and globally for investment, amenities and human capital.
Gendered experiences of leading and managing through COVID-19: patriarchy and precarity
Authors: Mavin Sharon , Yusupova Marina
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight key issues for women managers, leaders and precarious academic women during COVID-19 in organisations and in academy.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper shares the authors’ personal experiences during COVID-19 in the UK as a woman Professor and Director of a Business School and a woman Research Associate and link these with existing scholarship to reflect on areas for continued research and action.

Findings

This paper underlines how COVID-19 destabilises the progress made towards gender equality.

Practical implications

This paper outlines future avenues for research and practice as a result of experiences of COVID-19.

Originality/value

This paper looks at the gendered implications of COVID-19 for women across organisational hierarchies and highlights commonalities in their experiences and devastating effects of the pandemic.
Evaluating credibility of social media information: current challenges, research directions and practical criteria
Authors: Keshavarz Hamid
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Social media pose serious challenges to information evaluation, which can make credibility evaluation more difficult compared to other information resources. As a result, this paper aims to explore related challenges and research directions to put forth a set of criteria practical for actual users in their decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

Related literature in such disciplines as information, communication and media sciences were carefully searched and assessed. Once challenges and research directions were identified, a literature coding approach was considered to design a conceptual framework incorporating the main criteria used for evaluating information found from social media.

Findings

Some areas of consideration such as political concerns, health information, organizational issues and purchasing behavior are among the main challenges inevitable in evaluating current social media information. The relative importance of credibility criteria varies from study to study depending on factors such as the characteristics of the participants, the type of the source and the type of information.

Practical implications

A conceptual framework developed including four main dimensions of the information source, information presentation, information credibility and decision-related issues as a set of criteria useful for the decision-making of social media users when evaluating information.

Originality/value

The literature review and the conceptual framework incorporate a set of most important criteria for exploring the credibility evaluation of social media information, which are also useful for future related studies.
Perceptions of Indian managers on the impact of convergent technologies on work and resultant organisational performance in service industry
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Verma Prikshat , Patel Parth , Rajesh J. Irudhaya
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This research examines Indian service managers' perceptions on impact of convergent technologies on their work and resultant organisational performance. The research uses four dimensions – task productivity, task innovation, customer satisfaction and management control – taken together, to investigate the perceived impact of convergent technologies adoption in service organisations context and further examines the resultant organisational performance, based on these dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used partial least squares (PLS) approach to evaluate the measurement model and the structural model. The study was conducted in service industry firms that have made a significant progression towards adopting convergent technologies.

Findings

The results of the study demonstrated higher levels of perceived impact of adoption of convergent technologies on all the four dimensions (i.e. task productivity, task innovation, customer satisfaction and management control). The results of the study also indicate that all the impact dimensions positively influence organisational performance.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the study suggest that all the impact dimensions positively influence organisation, therefore the service sector managers should be aware about the role of adopting latest convergent technologies so as to enhance the task productivity, innovation, customer satisfaction and management control in their job roles.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this research are derived on the basis of Future of Work, Labour Market Information Systems, Productivity, Enterprise Development, Enhancing skills of service employees and Employability themes.

Originality/value

To researchers best knowledge is to first study of its kind to evaluate the perceived impact of convergent technologies on organisational performance in Indian context.
Conditional resource and social entrepreneurial action: the mediating role of social entrepreneurial intent
Authors: Nsereko Isa
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is two-fold: to examine the relationship between conditional resources, social entrepreneurial intent and social entrepreneurial action and to test the mediating role of social entrepreneurial intent in the relationship between conditional resources and social entrepreneurial action among social ventures in Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a quantitative methodological approach were hypotheses were statistically tested using structural equation modelling based on survey data (n = 243) from community-based organization owner-managers in Uganda.

Findings

Results show that both conditional resources and social entrepreneurial intent are significantly associated with social entrepreneurial action. Results further indicate that social entrepreneurial intent partially mediates the relationship between conditional resources and social entrepreneurial action.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this study provides a shred of initial empirical evidence on the relationship between conditional resources, social entrepreneurial intent and social entrepreneurial action using evidence from a developing African country – Uganda. Mostly, this study provides initial evidence of the mediating role of social entrepreneurial intent in the relationship between conditional resources and social entrepreneurial action.
Understanding the role of employees in digital transformation: conceptualization of digital literacy of employees as a multi-dimensional organizational affordance
Authors: Cetindamar Kozanoglu Dilek , Abedin Babak
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Much of recent academic and professional interest in exploring digital transformation and enterprise systems has focused on the technology or the organizations' external forces, leaving internal factors, in particular employees, overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to explore digital literacy of employees as an organizational affordance to capture contextual factors within which digital technologies are situated and are used.

Design/methodology/approach

We used the evidence-based practice for information systems approach, and undertook a systematic literature review of 30 papers coupled with brainstorming with 11 professional experts on the neglected topic of digital literacy and its assessment.

Findings

This paper draws upon affordance theory, and develops a novel framework for conceptualization of digital literacy of employees as an organizational affordance. We do this by distinguishing digital literacy at the individual level and organizational level, and by assessing digital literacy through Information/Cognitive and Social Practice/Articulation affordances.

Research limitations/implications

The current paper contributes to the notion of organizational affordances by examining the effect of interactions between employee-technology through digital literacy of employees in using digital technologies. We offer a novel conceptualization of digital literacy to improve understanding of the role of employee in digital transformation and utilization of enterprise systems. Thus, our definition of digital literacy offers an extension to the recent discussions in the IS literature regarding the actualization of affordances by bringing a lens of employees into the process.

Practical implications

This paper operationalizes digital literacy at organizational and individual levels, and offers managers a high-level tool to assess digital literacy of their employees. By doing so, managers can achieve the fit between employees' capabilities and digital technologies that will improve affordance actualization and support their digital transformation initiatives.

Originality/value

The study is one of early attempts to apply and extend affordance theory on digital literacy at organizational level by not limiting the concept to the individual level. The proposed framework improves the communication among researchers and between researchers and practitioners.
Information communication technology, knowledge management, job and customer satisfaction: a study of healthcare workers in Lebanon
Authors: Epaminonda Epaminondas , Chaanine Johnny , Vrontis Demetris , Thrassou Alkis , Christofi Michael
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to identify, analyze and discuss the links between information and communications technology (ICT) and knowledge management (KM), on the one hand, and job satisfaction (JS) and customer satisfaction (CSAT), on the other hand, in hospitals in Lebanon.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods approach has been adopted that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative primary data, along with supportive and peripheral secondary ones. Specifically, a survey measuring variables was conducted among health-care professionals, with whom interviews were also conducted for greater depth and to refine the findings and relationships under study.

Findings

The results of the quantitative study find no statistically significant relationships between the variables. The qualitative study suggests that this is likely because of the subjectivity of the evaluations and/or their mutual canceling. This is further partly explained not only through technical/functional deficiencies of the system but also through the impact of implicit and peripheral forces, adjacent to contextual aspects.

Originality/value

The research adds significant and focused knowledge on the subject of the linkage of ICT and KM with JS and CSAT, in the context of emerging economies.
Proactive personality congruence and creativity: a leader identification perspective
Authors: Peng Jian , Chen Xiao , Nie Qi , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Drawing upon the social identity approach, this research examines whether and how leader–subordinate congruence at high levels of proactive personality facilitates subordinate creativity.

Design/methodology/approach

Two different data sets (Study 1:N = 205; Study 2:N = 222) were collected from leader–subordinate dyads in China to provide stronger empirical evidence regarding our hypotheses. Polynomial regression and response surface analyses were used to test our predictions.

Findings

Subordinate creativity in the scenario in which the leader and subordinate shared a highly proactive personality (i.e. high–high congruence) was higher than that in the incongruence or low–low congruence scenario. The subordinate's identification with the leader mediated the above relationships such that the indirect relationship between leader–subordinate proactive personality and subordinate creativity via identification with the leader was maximized in the high–high congruence scenario.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that organizations should consider selecting both highly proactive leaders and highly proactive subordinates to facilitate the subordinates' identification and subsequent creativity.

Originality/value

This research highlights the crucial role of leader–subordinate congruence in strong proactive personality for the promotion of creativity and reveals that identification with the leader accounts for the above relationship.
Examining bribery in Papua New Guinea's public sector: forms and accountability implications
Authors: Tiki Samson , Luke Belinda , Mack Janet
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine bribery and its accountability implications within Papua New Guinea's (PNG's) public sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 senior public servants from three central government departments. Perceptions, forms and accountability dimensions compromised through bribery were analysed through an actor network theory (ANT) lens to understand the actors contributing to bribery and how it might be addressed.

Findings

Forms (and variations) of bribery included “promises” by clients, pre-commitments by public servants and expectations/obligations imposed by public servants. Multiple and interdependent actors (including compromised accountability perceptions) are identified.

Practical implications

Findings provide important insights for public servants and policy-makers within and beyond PNG's government departments, highlighting the associated implications for individuals, the public sector and the country more broadly.

Originality/value

The incorporation and analysis of accountability dimensions through an ANT lens provides new perspectives on bribery. Further, the significance and extent of compromised accountability dimensions within the network suggests a broken accountability system.
Financing a capital-constrained supply chain: factoring accounts receivable vs a BCT-SCF receivable chain
Authors: Tang Dan , Zhuang Xintian
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Blockchain-driven supply chain finance (BCT-SCF) has recently been receiving increased global attention. A number of business programmes have been carried out using this approach, but existing research has rarely focussed on this novel SCF model. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing a mathematical model to analyse the value of BCT-SCF.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this paper considers a multi-period two-echelon supply chain consisting of a capital-constrained supplier and a newsvendor-like retailer. Then, two financing channels are proposed. The supply chain actors can either factor accounts receivable (AR) from a bank or obtain financing through a BCT-SCF platform by which AR can be converted into a bill receivable and used to make payment. Further, to investigate the preferences of all actors between the two financing channels, this paper compares the two channels and examines how the degree of financial constraints and the cost of implementing the BCT-SCF model impact the financing preferences of all actors.

Findings

BCT-SCF model can help a supply chain realise its optimisation both in production and financing efficiency, the preference for the BCT-SCF model increases as the initial capital of supplier and the BCT-SCF platform usage fee rate decrease.

Practical implications

This research bridges the gap between theoretical analysis of BCT-SCF and its realistic application. The results demonstrate that with the BCT-SCF model, a win-win situation among supply chain actors is possible, which is helpful for the supply chain to choose a more efficient financing channel.

Originality/value

This research introduces a mathematical model based on the “receivable chain” of CZBank and the model is set in a multi-period supply chain, which is the first time BCT-SCF has been considered as part of a more complex but realistic background setting.
Universal HIV testing and treatment and HIV stigma reduction: a comparative thematic analysis of qualitative data from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in South Africa and Zambia
Authors: Viljoen Lario , Bond Virginia A. , Reynolds Lindsey J. , Mubekapi‐Musadaidzwa Constance , Baloyi Dzunisani , Ndubani Rhoda , Stangl Anne , Seeley Janet , Pliakas Triantafyllos , Bock Peter , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Ayles Helen , Hargreaves James R. , Hoddinott Graeme ,   the HPTN 071 (PopART) study team
Published: October 2020

Despite continued development of effective HIV treatment, expanded access to care and advances in prevention modalities, HIV‐related stigma persists. We examine how, in the context of a universal HIV‐testing and treatment trial in South Africa and Zambia, increased availability of HIV services influenced conceptualisations of HIV. Using qualitative data, we explore people’s stigma‐related experiences of living in ‘intervention’ and ‘control’ study communities. We conducted exploratory data analysis from a qualitative cohort of 150 households in 13 study communities, collected between 2016 and 2018. We found that increased availability of HIV‐testing services influenced conceptualisations of HIV as normative (non‐exceptional) and the visibility of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in household and community spaces impacted opportunities for stigma. There was a shift in community narratives towards individual responsibility to take up (assumingly) widely available service – for PLHIV to take care of their own health and to prevent onward transmission. Based on empirical data, we show that, despite a growing acceptance of HIV‐related testing services, anticipated stigma persists through the mechanism of shifting responsibilisation. To mitigate the responsibilisation of PLHIV, heath implementers need to adapt anti‐stigma messaging and especially focus on anticipated stigma.
Rome in Ripon: St Wilfrid's Inspiration and Legacy
Authors: HILL JOYCE
Published: October 2020

Ripon cathedral is unique among English cathedrals in having a seventh century crypt – the unaltered survival of the crypt built by St Wilfrid. Its original purpose has been much discussed, but what is not in doubt is that its inspiration came from Wilfrid's first journey to Rome where, as Stephen of Ripon tells us, he spent some months ‘visiting the saints’. This article will begin by re‐examining the political circumstances under which Wilfrid established his Roman foundation in Ripon since this, as will be shown, set up an agenda‐driven context which played into Wilfrid's own ecclesiastical aims. It will then re‐examine the evidence for his bringing of Rome to Ripon, paying particular attention to the precision of Stephen's language in the Vita Wilfridi which, it will be argued, can yield more information than previously recognised about the nature of Wilfrid's inspiration and the comprehensive scope of the statement he set out to make. The article will conclude with an overview of how the continuing presence of the crypt, as a place of pilgrimage and spiritual reflection, has shaped the multi‐faceted architectural legacy that is the cathedral we know today.
Smart monitoring of gas/temperature changes within food packaging based on natural colorants
Authors: Mohammadian Esmaeil , Alizadeh‐Sani Mahmood , Jafari Seid Mahdi
Published: October 2020

The development of smart packaging and innovation in common food packaging technology will greatly help to meet market needs, including consumer preference for “safe” foods, high‐quality products and mitigate the negative environmental impacts of food packaging. In addition, consumers' tendency to use natural ingredients such as pigments and biopolymers has provided the basis for their application in the food industry, including smart food packaging. Hence, smart packaging in addition to protecting food products against environmental damage can also reveal a sign (colorimetric, chemical, electric, etc.) in real time in response to any changes in the packaging conditions and food quality. This comprehensive review emphasizes on the gas/temperature‐sensitive smart films based on natural colorants and their key applications in the food packaging systems. Technological considerations associated with the natural colorant‐responsive films, smart packaging, biopolymers, and importance of natural colorants versus synthetic dyes are investigated. In practice, the most common designed colorimetric indicators for monitoring gas and temperature changes and application of relevant smart films in real food models have also been discussed. Gas and time–temperature indicators provide a rapid, reliable, and online assessment and a visual indication of the food product quality level, usually through a color change, which is directly related to gas and temperature conditions during distribution and storage of relevant food products. However, future studies need to consider main points such as cost, consumers’ acceptance, and confidence, regulatory aspects (i.e., labeling) and multifunctionality of smart packaging to be commercially sustainable.
Review article: Pre‐hospital provider clinical judgement upon arrival to the emergency department: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abetz Jeremy W , Olaussen Alexander , Jennings Paul A , Smit De Villiers , Mitra Biswadev
Published: October 2020

Pre‐hospital providers (PHPs) undertake initial patient assessment, often spending considerable time with patients prior to arrival at ED. However, continuity of this assessment with ongoing care of patients in the ED is limited, with repeated assessment in the ED, starting with the process of triage in hospital. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the ability of PHPs to predict patient outcomes in the ED. Manuscripts were screened and were eligible for inclusion if they included patients transported by non‐physician PHPs to the ED and assessed ability of PHPs to predict triage scores, clinical course, treatment requirements or disposition from ED. The initial search returned 10 753 unique articles. After screening and full text review, 10 studies were included in data analysis. Of these, six assessed prediction of disposition (admission versus discharge) from ED, two compared triage score application, one assessed prediction of clinical requirements and one assessed prediction of mortality prior to discharge. Prediction of admission across five studies had a pooled sensitivity of 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.67–0.79) and specificity of 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.69–0.85). Triage score application had weighted kappa variables of 0.409 and 0.452 indicating moderate agreement on assessment priority between PHPs and triage nurses. The ability of PHPs to assign triage scores, predict clinical course and predict disposition from the ED have mild concordance with clinical assessment by ED staff. This is an area of potential expansion in PHPs' role; however, training would be required prior to implementation.
A Numerical Study of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay Using an Unstructured Grid Model: Validation and Sensitivity to Bathymetry Representation
Authors: Cai Xun , Zhang Yinglong J. , Shen Jian , Wang Harry , Wang Zhengui , Qin Qubin , Ye Fei
Published: October 2020

A three‐dimensional unstructured‐grid hydrodynamic and water quality model (Semi‐implicit Cross‐scale Hydroscience Intergrated System Model‐Integrated Compartment Model) is applied successfully for Chesapeake Bay. The model is validated with observations of salinity, chlorophyll‐a, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and phytoplankton productions from the year 1991 to 1995 for the mainstem and some major tributaries, based on multiple model skill scores. Model experiments are conducted to test the importance of having (1) an accurate representation of bathymetry to correctly predict hypoxia and other processes and (2) a high‐resolution model grid for tributaries to correctly simulate water quality variables. Comparison with the model experiment results with bathymetry smoothing indicates that bathymetry smoothing, as commonly used for many systems, changes the stratification and lateral circulation pattern, resulting in more salt intrusion into shallow water regions, and an increase in the freshwater age. Consequently, a model with bathymetry smoothing can lead to an unrealistic prediction of the distribution of hypoxia and phytoplankton production. Local grid refinement shows significant improvement of model simulations on local stratification and water quality variables. Overall, the use of high‐resolution unstructured grid model leads to a faithful representation of the complex geometry, and thus a seamless cross‐scale capability for simulating water quality processes in the Bay including tributaries and tidal creeks.
Exon probe sets and bioinformatics pipelines for all levels of fish phylogenomics
Authors: Hughes Lily C. , Ortí Guillermo , Saad Hadeel , Li Chenhong , White William T. , Baldwin Carole C. , Crandall Keith A. , Arcila Dahiana , Betancur‐R Ricardo
Published: October 2020

Exon markers have a long history of use in phylogenetics of ray‐finned fishes, the most diverse clade of vertebrates with more than 35,000 species. As the number of published genomes increases, it has become easier to test exons and other genetic markers for signals of ancient duplication events and filter out paralogues that can mislead phylogenetic analysis. We present seven new probe sets for current target‐capture phylogenomic protocols that capture 1,104 exons explicitly filtered for paralogues using gene trees. These seven probe sets span the diversity of teleost fishes, including four sets that target five hyperdiverse percomorph clades which together comprise ca. 17,000 species (Carangaria, Ovalentaria, Eupercaria, and Syngnatharia + Pelagiaria combined). We additionally included probes to capture legacy nuclear exons and mitochondrial markers that have been commonly used in fish phylogenetics (despite some exons being flagged for paralogues) to facilitate integration of old and new molecular phylogenetic matrices. We tested these probes experimentally for 56 fish species (eight species per probe set) and merged new exon‐capture sequence data into an existing data matrix of 1,104 exons and 300 ray‐finned fish species. We provide an optimized bioinformatics pipeline to assemble exon capture data from raw reads to alignments for downstream analysis. We show that legacy loci with known paralogues are at risk of assembling duplicated sequences with target‐capture, but we also assembled many useful orthologous sequences that can be integrated with many PCR‐generated matrices. These probe sets are a valuable resource for advancing fish phylogenomics because targeted exons can easily be extracted from increasingly available whole genome and transcriptome data sets, and also may be integrated with existing PCR‐based exon and mitochondrial data.
Clinical outcomes of pembrolizumab therapy in advanced‐NSCLC patients with poor performance status (≥3) and high PD‐L1 expression (TPS ≥50%): A case series
Authors: Inaba‐Higashiyama Ryoko , Yoshida Tatsuya , Jo Hitomi , Shirasawa Masayuki , Motoi Noriko , Ohe Yuichiro
Published: October 2020

Pembrolizumab is the standard first‐line treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%. The benefit of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced NSCLC and poor performance status (PS ≥3) is limited, even when the tumor is PD‐L1‐expression‐positive. We retrospectively reviewed a total of four NSCLC cases with high PD‐L1 expression (TPS ≥50%) and poor PS. The only patient with very high PD‐L1 expression (TPS 100%) responded to pembrolizumab, but none of the three patients with high PD‐L1 expression (50%–80%) responded to pembrolizumab. In conclusion, pembrolizumab can serve as a treatment option for patients with poor PS, if PD‐L1 expression TPS is 100%.