bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la gestión de los resultados de las empresas públicas mexicanas del sector industrial
Authors: Campos-Reyes Víctor
Published: February 2024

El presente documento tiene como objetivo examinar elvalor de la devengación discrecional con el fin de evaluarel comportamiento de la gestión de los resultados comouna medida de la calidad de la contabilidad de las empresas públicas del sector industrial en México durante elperiodo 1991 – 2017. Para cumplir con este objetivo seutilizó el modelo de Jones ajustado al ROA. Los primeros resultados confirman que en el periodo posterior a laadopción de las Normas Internacionales de InformaciónFinanciera la devengación discrecional es diferente comparado con el periodo en el que se aplicaban las normascontables locales, sin embargo no se puede afirmar quedisminuyó.
CHROMATIC CHRONICLES: EXPLORING THE SYMBOLISM AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COLOR IN ANURAG KASHYAP'S FILMS
Authors: Samanta Tanmay , Tripathi Nitesh
Published: February 2024

Filmmaker Anurag Kashyap is known for his unique and gritty approach to storytelling, which often explores the inner lives of individuals while also presenting the harsh realities of the world outside. Most notable aspects of Kashyap's cinematic approach are his dexterous use of color as a narrative instrument, visually assisting storytelling and conveying deeper meanings. This research paper investigates the significance of color in the films of Anurag Kashyap, concentrating on the analysis of five selected films: "Black Friday" (2004), "Dev. D" (2009), "Gulaal" (2009), "That Girl in Yellow Boots" (2010), and "Bombay Velvet" (2015). The purpose of this research is to investigate the color signature and symbolisms used in Kashyap's films, as well as analyze the significant use of primary colors in various scenes. By analyzing the specific color palettes and combinations utilized, the researcher will try to understand how Kashyap effectively employs colors to emphasize key moments and themes of his films. To justify the study’s objectives, qualitative content analysis methodology is employed, involving a systematic viewing and analysis of each film. Color occurrences will be recognized, coded, and categorized to reveal their symbolic meanings. A comparative analysis will be conducted to identify similarities and differences in the films' use of color. The results of this study will illuminate the aesthetic and narrative significance of color in Kashyap's filmmaking, explaining how color choices enrich the depiction of emotions, themes, and character dynamics. This research is significant because it reveals Kashyap's distinctive aesthetic philosophy via an examination of the symbolism embedded in his use of color. This study enriches our appreciation and interpretation of Anurag Kashyap's films by clarifying the symbolic representations and visual storytelling strategies he employs in them.
Jogos e Brincadeiras na Educação Infantil:Reflexões em torno desta prática.
Authors:   , Consoni Patrícia dos Santos
Published: February 2024

O objetivo desse trabalho é mostrar como se dá o uso de estratégias lúdicas, na Educação Infantil, que levam os alunos a aprender de maneira prazerosa, considerando as relações com o meio em que estão inseridos e com objetos que lhes são apresentados , como instrumentos de reprodução do conhecimento e da aquisição de informações, que muitos já vivenciaram e passam a reproduzir no contexto da escola , estando em contato com o jogo, a brincadeira ou o brinquedo. Quando a criança brinca , ela constrói seus próprios gestos , seus próprios sinais, e passa a estabelecer para com o objeto que ela interage , um significado que ela mesma quer estabelecer, e não o significado que este realmente tem.Isso porque a criança que brinca passa a recriar e representar tudo o que vê, contemplando seu próprio pensamento em torno do brincar .
Desta forma, o desenrolar deste trabalho se fez com base nos capítulos apresentados, sendo estes delineados pelas ideias dos autores escolhidos durante a pesquisa bibliográfica, assim como das informações importantes acerca do assunto.
Odontologia Integrativa:
Authors: Paiva Paula Cristina Pelli , Xavier Amanda Jhuli Rocha , Silva Brender Leonan da , Soares Célio Leone Ferreira , Viana Gabriel Barbosa , Paulino Gabriela Leite , Santos Jefferson Aguiar , Santos Júlia Jamile Vítor , Costa Larissa de Matos , Gomes Loren Sousa , Santana Maria Eduarda Palladino , Pereira Marianna Miranda , Santos Matheus Marques , Rocha Raphael Sá e
Published: February 2024

As Terapias Integrativas são cuidados milenares e ancestral, abordando de forma integral o ser humano, percebendo os aspectos emocionais, psicossociais, afetivos e espirituais como fatores que afetam a saúde proporcionando o aparecimento de doenças no corpo físico. As terapias integrativas / complementares estão sendo incorporados em várias especialidades da saúde, dentre elas a Odontologia. Nestes sentido o objetivo deste ebook foi apresentar as práticas mais utilizadas na odontologia, auxiliando em sua compreensão, além dos aspectos relacionados com a eficácia, eficiência, segurança e qualidade destas práticas na aplicação clínica em odontologia.
Hipnose na Odontologia
Authors: Santos Júlia Jamile Vítor
Published: February 2024

A hipnose como recurso terapêutico pode ser empregada em todas as especialidades da odontologia, favorecendo assim, a realização de procedimentos clínicos. É um meio primoroso
para se obter uma melhor experiência e prognóstico para o paciente, bem como contribuir para melhores condições de trabalho para o cirurgião dentista. A despeito disso, o presente trabalho objetiva descrever o uso terapêutico da hipnose na odontologia, tangendo aspectos como história da técnica, seu embasamento científico, sua utilização dentre as especialidades, contraindicações, as formas de se obter capacitação e as atribuições necessárias para habilitação
na área.
CADERNO DE ROTEIROS DE ESTUDOS ADAPTÁVEIS PARA O LABORATÓRIO MORFOFUNCIONAL
Authors: Silva Daniel Figueiredo Alves da , Liberti Kátia Simone Kietzer
Published: February 2024

Este produto educacional foi desenvolvido para aprimorar a aprendizagem da morfofisiologia do sistema nervoso no laboratório morfofuncional. Fruto do esforço e dedicação no âmbito do programa de Doutorado em Ensino em Saúde na Amazônia da Universidade do Estado do Pará, este caderno representa uma ferramenta complementar para estudantes e professores no campo da medicina. Ele combina rigor científico, adaptabilidade e praticidade, oferecendo uma abordagem dinâmica e eficaz para o ensino destes conhecimentos fundamentais na educação médica.
Este caderno é mais do que um simples guia; é um recurso versátil e personalizável, projetado para se adaptar às necessidades específicas de cada usuário e aos seus estilos de aprendizagem. Com uma estrutura cuidadosamente elaborada, oferece roteiros de estudo detalhados, práticos e interativos que guiam os estudantes em uma jornada de aprendizado significativo.
Cada seção do caderno foi desenvolvida para abordar aspectos anatômicos, fisiológicos e clínicos do sistema nervoso, fornecendo uma compreensão abrangente e integrada do conteúdo. Além disso, sua adaptabilidade permite que professores personalizem os roteiros de acordo com o currículo específico do curso, facilitando a contextualização e a aplicação prática do conhecimento.
Ao utilizar o Caderno de Roteiros Adaptáveis, os estudantes têm a oportunidade de explorar conceitos complexos de maneira acessível e envolvente, enquanto os professores podem acompanhar e avaliar o progresso dos alunos de forma eficaz.
Portanto, estamos entusiasmados em compartilhar este recurso educacional inovador, que certamente contribuirá significativamente para o aprimoramento do ensino da morfofisiologia do sistema nervoso e para o sucesso acadêmico dos futuros profissionais de medicina.
MORFOFISIOLOGIA DO SISTEMA NERVOSO
Authors: Silva Daniel Figueiredo Alves da , Liberti Kátia Simone Kietzer
Published: February 2024

Apresentando a Sequência Didática para o Ensino da Morfofisiologia do Sistema Nervoso, um produto educacional desenvolvido como resultado do programa de doutorado em Ensino em Saúde na Amazônia da Universidade do Estado do Pará (PPGESA/UEPA). Este recurso educacional foi cuidadosamente elaborado para enriquecer a experiência de ensino dos docentes no laboratório morfofuncional do curso de medicina.
O objetivo desta sequência didática é proporcionar aos docentes uma ferramenta abrangente e interativa para o planejamento e condução de aulas sobre a morfofisiologia do sistema nervoso. Integrando conceitos anatômicos, fisiológicos e clínicos de forma coerente e significativa, esta sequência didática visa aprimorar a qualidade do ensino oferecido aos estudantes, preparando-os para os desafios práticos da prática médica.
Por meio desta sequência didática, os docentes terão acesso a uma variedade de recursos e atividades pedagógicas, incluindo sugestões de atividades e estratégias para facilitar discussões em grupo. A abordagem centrada no aluno valoriza o protagonismo dos discentes em seu próprio processo de aprendizagem, enquanto oferece orientações claras e suporte aos docentes para promover uma experiência de ensino eficaz e envolvente.
Além disso, esta sequência didática inclui sugestões para avaliação formativa e contínua, permitindo que os docentes monitorem o progresso dos alunos e forneçam feedback construtivo ao longo do curso. Combinando rigor acadêmico com inovação pedagógica, este recurso educacional representa um avanço significativo no suporte ao trabalho dos docentes no ensino da morfofisiologia do sistema nervoso, contribuindo para uma prática docente mais eficaz e centrada no aluno.
Senile Cataract
Authors: Ragni Kumari
Published: February 2024

Cataracts may be described as the opacity of crystalline lenses present in the eye. The translucent crystalline lens is a part of the human eye. It possesses all the physical characteristics of a biconvex lens. The eye’s lens performs similar functions to a camera’s lens. The lens directs light rays entering the eye to the retina’s sensitive layers. Any factor that increases the absorption of scattering of light by the lens reduces its transparency. The opacity of the lens or its capsule, whether developmental or acquired, is called a cataract. Cataracts vary in degree of density and site and assume various forms. Cataract is the leading cause of reversible visual impairment and blindness globally. There are several classifications of cataracts based on morphologic and/or etiologic criteria. However, in epidemiologic studies, the simplified system of three types based on localization of lens opacities is most commonly used: Nuclear cataract is the most common type, followed by cortical cataract and posterior subcapsular cataract. This most prevalent form of acquired cataract, also known as an “age-related cataract,” affects people of both sexes equally and typically develops after age 50. More than 90% of people experience senile cataracts by age 70. Although one eye is almost always afflicted before the other, the disorder is typically bilateral. In the available literature, there is no mention of any such drug that could reverse the opacity of the lens (cataract) once it occurred and make it clear and transparent again. Only replacement of opaque lenses with artificial transparent Intraocular lens (IOL) is successful treatment of cataracts. This review focuses on senile cataracts and the best possible management of senile cataracts.
Elementary teachers’ use of adaptive diagnostic assessment to improve mathematics teaching and learning: A case study
Authors: Alfageh Dalal H. , York Cindy S. , Hodge-Zickerman Angie , Xie Ying
Published: February 2024

This case study examined teachers’ perceptions and use of adaptive diagnostic assessment for improving teaching and learning of elementary-level mathematics. The purpose was to understand how the teaching and learning of mathematics occurred in the classroom and changes that transpired due to the implementation of diagnostic assessments. Findings illustrate that diagnostic assessment can be a critical tool for improving pedagogical practice by enhancing mathematics teaching and learning by creating groups of students, planning lesson time, focused pedagogy, giving student feedback, communicating with stakeholders, and improving teacher efficiency. Participants demonstrated satisfaction with the benefits offered by diagnostic assessment for improving mathematics teaching and learning. Participants described challenges that hindered their effective use of diagnostic assessment tools. The findings of this study support a case for the adoption of diagnostic assessments to improve pedagogical practice and promote mathematics learning among elementary-level students.
The best pedagogical practices for teaching mathematics revisited: Using math manipulatives, children’s literature, and GeoGebra to produce math confident young people for a STEM world
Authors: Furner Joseph M.
Published: February 2024

Today math teachers can best reach their students and show them how math surrounds us by using manipulatives, children’s literature, and GeoGebra while teaching mathematics. These are some of the best pedagogical practices for teaching mathematics today. In our high-tech world, students need to be proficient in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. As endorsed by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000) and stressed in common core state standards in mathematics, it is important that we teach with technology, address dispositions and math anxiety, and make the math that young people are learning pertinent and meaningful. Frequently, it may be best to start teaching young people geometry first as opposed to numbers, which are considered more abstract and difficult to learn. Geometry is one of the most tangible divisions of math and concentrating on this first can help students’ whole view of mathematics and their insolences towards learning the subject. Nowadays teachers also need to be cognizant and checking for attitudes and dispositions toward learning mathematics, as math anxiety is an issue in today’s classrooms. This paper will revisit the best pedagogical practices for teaching math the review of the use of math manipulatives, children’s books, and GeoGebra to help teachers create mathematically confident young people.
Implementasi Algoritma Path Planning A* Pada Base Station Robot Sepak Bola Beroda
Authors: Luluk Indah Safitri  , Julian Sahertian  , Danang Wahyu Widodo
Published: February 2024

Kontes Robot Sepak Bola Indonesia Beroda (KRSBIB) merupakan kompetisi robotika yang melibatkan keterampilan dalam penyusunan strategi pada robot, sistem navigasi robot, serta perencanaan jalur pada robot. Penelitian ini membahas implementasi algoritma A* pada base station tim robotik Abimanyu Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri sebagai algoritma perencanaan jalur, path planning diterapkan secara simulasi tanpa melibatkan pengiriman data ke robot. Pada penerapan algoritma, lapangan terlebih dahulu dibagi menjadi beberapa grid yang merepresentasikan node yang dapat dilalui oleh setiap algoritma. Penelitian yang dilakukan mendapatkan hasil bahwa algoritma A* mencapai waktu eksekusi tercepat pada empty map berukuran grid 32px, yaitu sebesar 0.032 detik. Sedangkan pada ukuran grid 8px, Algoritma A* mencapai waktu eksekusi lebih lambat pada semua kondisi, hal ini akan mempengaruhi kinerja komputasi apabila diterapkan pada kondisi lingkungan yang dinamis.
Unveiling Insights: A Knowledge Discovery Approach to Comparing Topic Modeling Techniques in Digital Health Research
Authors: Rohajawati Siti , Rahayu Puji , Misky Afny Tazkiyatul , Sholehah Khansha Nafi Rasyidatus , Rahim Normala , Setyodewi R.R. Hutanti
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a knowledge discovery approach focused on comparing topic modeling techniques within the realm of digital health research. Knowledge discovery has been applied in massive data repositories (databases) and also in various field studies, which use these techniques for finding patterns in the data, determining which models and parameters might be suitable, and looking for patterns of interest in a specific representational. Unfortunately, the investigation delves into the utilization of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Pachinko Allocation Models (PAM) as generative probabilistic models in knowledge discovery, which is still limited. The study's findings position PAM as the superior technique, showcasing the greatest number of distinctive tokens per topic and the fastest processing time. Notably, PAM identifies 87 unique tokens across 10 topics, surpassing LDA Gensim's identification of only 27 unique tokens. Furthermore, PAM demonstrates remarkable efficiency by swiftly processing 404 documents within an incredibly short span of 0.000118970870 seconds, in contrast to LDA Gensim's considerably longer processing time of 0.368770837783 seconds. Ultimately, PAM emerges as the optimum method for digital health research's topic modeling, boasting unmatched efficiency in analyzing extensive digital health text data.
Pelatihan Manajemen Modal Qordhul Hasan Pendekatan Spiritual community pada Usaha Mikro Desa Rowosari, Kendal
Authors: Mutamimah Mutamimah , Kartikasari Lisa , Kartika Indri
Published: February 2024

Potensi ekonomi Desa Rowosari tinggi, namun akses permodalan terbatas, tidak ada agunan, dan risiko kredit tinggi. Oleh karena itu, mendesak untuk melaksanakan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan memberikan pelatihan Qordhul Hasan Pengelolaan Modal Pendekatan Spiritual Komunitas pada Usaha Mikro di Desa Rowosari Kecamatan Rowosari Kab. Kendal. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk menambah wawasan, pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengenai pengelolaan modal qordhul hasan, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja usaha mikronya, dan tidak ada lagi risiko kredit. Qordhul hasan sangat tepat diberikan kepada usaha mikro non bankable, tidak mempunyai agunan dan tidak dikenakan bunga. Metode pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah: a). Survei awal untuk menggali potensi ekonomi dan permasalahan masyarakat di Desa Rowosari, Kecamatan. Rowosari, Kabupaten Kendal. B). Pelatihan Manajemen Modal Qordhul Hasan Menggunakan Pendekatan Spiritual Komunitas pada Usaha Mikro di Desa Rowosari Kecamatan Rowosari Kab. Kendal. C). Pemantauan dan evaluasi Qordhul. Pelatihan pengelolaan modal Hasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan qordhul hasan pengelolaan modal pelaku usaha mikro di Desa Rowosari Kec. Rowosari, Kab. Kendal meningkat, sehingga kinerja usaha usaha mikro meningkat.The economic potential of Rowosari village is high, but it has limited capital acces, no collateral, and high credit risk. So, it is urgent to carry out community service by providing Qordhul Hasan Capital Management training with a Spiritual community Approach to Micro Business in Rowosari Village, Rowosari District, Kab. Kendal. The aim of this community service is to increase insight, knowledge and skills regarding qordhul hasan capital management, so that they can improve the performance of their micro businesses, and there will be no more credit risk. Qordhul hasan is very appropriate to be given to non-bankable micro businesses, do not have collateral and no interest. This community service method is: a). Initial survey to explore the economic potential and problems of the community in Rowosari Village, District. Rowosari, Kendal District. b). Qordhul Hasan Capital Management Training Using a Spiritual community Approach for Micro Business in Rowosari Village, Rowosari District, Kab. Kendal. c). Monitoring and evaluating of Qordhul Hasan capital management training. The results show that the level of knowledge and skills of qordhul hasan capital management of micro business actors in Rowosari Village, Kec. Rowosari, Kab. Kendal increases, so that the business performance of micro businesses increases.
Semiotic study of the meaning of Evaluasi song lyrics from Hindia
Authors: Mubarok Mubarok , Pradana Arsil Bayu , Triyono Agus , Mulyadi Urip
Published: February 2024

This research was motivated by the problem of how the song Evaluasi popularized by Hindia (Baskara Putra) was released in March 2019 which raised the issue of mental health problems, namely overthinkers. Music is used as a means to reach the masses by using it as a message or simply for entertainment by the listeners, but music is listened to not only for pleasure, but music is also able to have an influence on thoughts and emotions, especially mood. The aim of this research is to find out the meaning of Sign, Object and Interpretant as presented in the lyrics of the song Evaluasi popularized by Hindia (Baskara Putra). The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and literature study. The paradigm in this research uses a critical paradigm. The results of this research show that the lyrics contained in the song Evaluasi by Hindia are known to have levels of meaning Sign, Object and Interpretant. The results explains that mental health is important even as important as physical health. This Evaluasi song emphasizes the importance of Self Awareness accompanied by positive suggestions. The limitation of this research is that there is still a lack of discussion about mental health problems, so the recommendation that needs to be made for further research is to develop similar research using a different paradigm in order to find novelty in the research results.
KWL Strategy in Students’ Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text
Authors: Sutadi Riza Nurcahyani , Maharani Mega Mulianing , Anwar Choiril , Widiyati Elok
Published: February 2024

This study focused on the KWL (Know-Want-Learned) strategy in students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The objective of this study was to find out how the KWL strategy could improve students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The design of the research was collaborative classroom action research. This research was conducted in two cycles; each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. By using the purposive sampling technique, the students in XD of a certain school in Semarang were selected as the sample of this study. The sample consisted of 30 students, 20 females and 10 males. The researchers used an observation sheet and a test to collect the data. The result showed that the KWL strategy was a way of teaching reading comprehension of descriptive text. Based on the test score, in cycle one, there were 50% students who achieved a minimum standard score, and in cycle two, 90% students achieved a minimum standard score. Thus, it could be concluded that the KWL strategy could improve students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text in the way of helping students to reach the minimum standard score.
Looking for Insights: A Comparison of Secondary Education English Curricula in Indonesia and Estonia
Authors: Arta Berli , Kholis Adhan , Rahayu Rahayu , Azmi Ulul , Lisan Khusnul Harsul
Published: February 2024

Both Indonesia and Estonia have similar contexts of learning English as a foreign language.  The learning achievements reveal a considerable disparity when considering the worldwide assessment of English proficiency, with Indonesia ranking 79th and Estonia securing the 23rd position according to the (EF English Proficiency Index in 2023). This study compares English curricula in Indonesia and Estonia, examining the differences between them despite similar conditions for teaching English as a foreign language. The fundamental goal of the study was to identify the factors that influence diverse learning outcomes in various countries. The study used content analysis to compare curricular papers from both countries on six critical criteria including: (1) stakeholders involved in English curriculum development, (2) stakeholders' reactions to the English curriculum, (3) stated purposes of the curriculum, (4) educational philosophies underlying the English curricula, (5) unstated purposes of the curricula, and (6) influential factors shaping the curricula. The analysis suggested that the key drivers to the discrepancy in learning results in both countries were national policy, pedagogy, and assessment implementations. The results showed that the main result of the mentioned alterations underscored the need for an enhanced approach to the instruction and acquisition of English. Allocating sufficient time for English learning allows students to maximize their opportunities for developing language skills. Moreover, integrating speaking and writing elements into final evaluations and embracing a communicative language strategy can inspire both educators and learners to participate in more genuine learning experiences.
The relationship between the fulfillment of spiritual needs and self-efficay in the elderly in nursing homes
Authors: Ni’mah Nuris Sahilatun , Luthfa Iskim , Aspihan Mochammad
Published: February 2024

One of the factors that influence the self-care of the elderly is self-efficacy or self-confidence. Fulfillment of spiritual needs is an important factor for increasing the self-efficacy of the elderly in improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between fulfilling spiritual needs and the self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes. This research is a type of quantitative research and uses a cross-sectional study design with consecutive sampling techniques. The population in this study were 126 elderly in a nursing home. This research instrument uses a questionnaire. The data obtained was processed statistically using the Somers' d test. The results of this study showed that most of the elderly were aged 60-74 years with a percentage (68.3%), most of whom had the most sex, namely men, totaling 64 elderly with a percentage (50.8%), most of whom had the most religion, namely Muslim with a percentage of 96 elderly (76.2%), most of the education is elementary school with a total of 80 elderly with a percentage (63.5%), and most of the marital status are widowers with a total of 62 elderly with a percentage (49, 2%), most of the fulfillment of spiritual needs obtained a moderate majority score with a total of 108 elderly with a percentage (85.7%), and most of the self-efficacy obtained a moderate majority score with a total of 105 elderly with a percentage (83.3%). The results of somers'd research obtained a p value of 0.003 or a P value <0.05. This shows that there is a significant relationship between fulfilling spiritual needs and self-efficacy in the elderly in nursing homes.
Состав и структура поверхностного слоя в композиционных отливках из серого чугуна, сформированного лигатурами системы хром – ферробор
Authors: Овчаренко Павел Георгиевич , Мокрушина М. И. , Лещев А. Ю.
Published: February 2024

Рассмотрен способ получения композиционных поверхностно-легированных отливок из серого чугуна СЧ25 методом литья по газифицируемым моделям с применением лигатур, содержащих хром и ферробор, нанесенных в виде слоя пасты на поверхность литейных форм. Определены микроструктура, фазовый состав легированного слоя и микротвердость структурных составляющих. Проведены механические испытания образцов чугуна на сжатие и изнашивание. Установлено протекание самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза между компонентами лигатур, нанесенных на поверхность литейных форм при изготовлении отливок. Установлены тип и состав боридов и карбоборидов, формирующихся в легированном слое. Проведен анализ влияния параметров легированного слоя на свойства композиционных отливок.
Структурные, физические и механические аспекты влияния структурно-волновой магниторезонансной обработки на низкоуглеродистые стали мартенситного класса
Authors: Русских Игорь Михайлович , Шацов А. А.
Published: February 2024

Исследовано влияние переменного магнитного поля в аустенитной области температур при структурно-волновой магниторезонансной обработке (СВМО) в сочетании с термоциклической обработкой (ТЦО) на структуру, физические и механические свойства низкоуглеродистой мартенситной стали 08Х2Г2НМФБ. Определены изменения микроструктуры после обработки методами металлографического, электронно-микроскопического, рентгеноструктурного анализов. Изучены характеристики упругости после СВМО. Получены стабильные значения температурного коэффициента частоты для стали 08Х2Г2НМФБ после СВМО + ТЦО, соответствующие диапазону (113 – 116) · 10 – 6 1/°C.
Связь параметров косвенного текстурного контроля со свойствами латуни и улучшение качества проката путем использования статистических методов анализа и усовершенствованного online-управления
Authors: Певзнер Михаил Зиновьевич
Published: February 2024

Исследовано влияние технологии прокатки и режимов непрерывного индукционного отжига до состояния вторичной рекристаллизации латунной ленты на ее свойства и параметры текстуры. Предложено объяснение их тесной связи. Рассмотрены направления снижения дисперсии характеристик качества и приведены примеры их реализации: использование косвенного текстурного контроля, совершенствование систем онлайн-управления, использование статистического спектрального анализа для обнаружения и устранения причин высокочастотных неоднородностей характеристик качества.
University students’ perceptions of artificial intelligence-based tools for English writing courses
Authors: Lee Yong-Jik , Davis Robert O. , Lee Sun Ok
Published: February 2024

This research explores the perceptions of Korean university students regarding artificial intelligence (AI)-based writing tools that include tools guided by machine learning, such as Google Translate and Naver Papago, and generative AI tools, such as Grammarly. A mixed methodology was used, including both quantitative and qualitative data. Among students who have taken English writing courses, 80 Korean university students volunteered for the online survey. After the survey, the research team recruited interview participants, and five volunteered participants joined the focus group interview. The study results indicate that these AI-based writing tools could improve English language learners (ELLs) writing skills. ELLs also noted the strengths and weaknesses of each AI-based tool, including the accessibility of translation machine learning and the error-checking capabilities of generative AI. However, interview data analysis indicates that the excessive use of AI-based writing tools could interfere with ELLs’ English writing process. This study highlights the need to effectively integrate AI-based tools in English language teaching for adult ELLs worldwide.
Descriptores de plántula y nuevo agrupamiento del germoplasma de Tara spinosa de la región Cajamarca, Perú
Authors: Villena-Velásquez Jim J. , Seminario-Cunya Alejandro , Soto-Sánchez Sergio , Valderrama-Cabrera Miguel A. , Seminario Juan F.
Published: February 2024

Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), conocida como “tara” o “taya”, probablemente oriunda del Perú, crece desde el nivel de mar hasta los 3000 m s.n.m., y es importante por los taninos y la goma contenidos en sus vainas y semillas, respectivamente. Los objetivos fueron definir y validar los descriptores morfológicos de la plántula y caracterizar el germoplasma de “tara” de la región Cajamarca (58 entradas de nueve provincias) integrando descriptores de fruto, semilla y plántula. Se identificaron siete descriptores de plántula altamente discriminantes, siendo los del cotiledón los más importantes. La caracterización del germoplasma de “tara” de Cajamarca con 18 descriptores integrados (seis de fruto, cinco de semilla y siete de plántula) permitió un nuevo agrupamiento, en siete grupos, lo que indica estrecha variabilidad (86% de duplicados).
Sex Differences in Romantic Love: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Bode Adam , Luoto Severi , Kavanagh Phillip Sean
Published: February 2024

Background: Evolutionary selection pressures, most notably sexual selection, have created (and continue to sustain) many psychobehavioral differences between females and males. One such domain where psychobehavioral sex differences may be prominent is romantic love. The ways in which females and males may experience and express romantic love differently has been studied in psychology as well as in the arts down the ages; however, no studies have focused specifically on romantic love (i.e., passionate love) using validated measures of romantic love solely in people who are currently experiencing this form of love. Methods: This study investigated sex differences in features and aspects of romantic love among 808 young adults experiencing romantic love. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to measure sex differences in the number of times participants had fallen in love, when they fell in love relative to when they started their romantic relationship (love progression), intensity of romantic love, obsessive thinking about a loved one, and commitment. Additional univariate comparisons were made for the Passionate Love Scale. Results: Univariate analyses showed that men had fallen in love a greater number of times than women. Men had also fallen in love more quickly than women. Women had higher intensity of romantic love, higher commitment, and higher obsessive thinking about a loved one than men. These findings remained robust in multivariate analyses, controlling for several variables believed to influence romantic love, with the exception of commitment, which was no longer significant when other variables were controlled for. Conclusions: The findings are considered with reference to the evolutionary theory of sexual selection. We suggest that the specific adaptive challenges faced by females and males in the evolutionary history of romantic love may contribute to sex differences in romantic love. The findings shed light on contemporary sex differences in romantic love, as well as the possible evolutionary history and evolutionary functions of romantic love.
Symmetrical ‘Super Learning’: Enhancing learning using a bidirectional probabilistic outcome
Authors: Castiello de Obeso Santiago , FitzGerald Gabriella , Aisbitt Georgina , Baker Andrew G. , Murphy Robin
Published: February 2024

In a learning scenario, with multiple positive or negative (excitatory or inhibitory) predictive cues of a single outcome, cues interfere with or enhance each other during the acquisition process (e.g., Baker et al., 1993). Previous experiments have primarily focussed on cues that signal the presence or absence of binary outcomes. This introduces a motivational and saliency asymmetry between excitatory and inhibitory learning. Here we asked whether learning about both generative (incremental positive outcome) and preventative (incremental negative outcome) causal cues show similar enhancement effects. In three experiments with humans using predictive learning tasks, participants (N = 133) were exposed probabilistic predictive cues for two opposite polarity events. Generative cues caused an increased outcome, while preventative cues decreased the outcome. Learning was assessed via explicit judgments of the relation between the cue and the outcome. We report evidence for symmetrical learning and enhanced learning for both generative and preventative cues. The results are discussed in relation to super learning, an effect derived from theories of competitive learning based on error correction, and from theories of contrasting probability estimates.
Vitamins, snake oil, and a flawed review: A commentary on Folk and Dunn’s systematic review on 5 behavior strategies to improve ‘happiness’
Authors: Puterman Eli , Zieff Gabriel , Stoner Lee
Published: February 2024

A recent unregistered review by Folk and Dunn1 sought to determine the effectiveness of commonly prescribed “happiness” enhancement strategies. In this opinion piece, we argue that Folk and Dunn’s conclusions are misleading, with the potential for serious public harm. We believe this to be true when considering five major limitations inherent to the systematic review strategy employed by Folk and Dunn, namely the: (i) conceptualization of “happiness”; (ii) search terms used; (iii) inclusion criteria; (iv) adherence to established systematic review protocol; and ultimately, (v) their interpretation.
Effects of expectations and sensory unreliability on voice detection – a preregistered study
Authors: Szymanek Piotr , Homan Marek , van Elk Michiel , Hohol Mateusz
Published: February 2024

“Hearing voices” is a phenomenon prevalent not only in psychotic disorders, but also in the general population. However, it is unclear under what conditions people detect voices that are not really there. In our preregistered study, we investigated a possible mechanism of such experiences, grounded in a predictive processing account of agency detection. The model, in line with previous research on predictive processing and hearing, predicts that detecting auditory agent stimuli, such as voices, depends both on one’s prior expectations and unreliability of the sensory data. We tested this model using a signal detection task, manipulating sensory noise (within subjects) and expectations regarding the number of voices embedded in auditory stimuli (between subjects). We hypothesized that expecting less or more voices than actually present would drive the response bias towards a conservative and liberal response strategy, respectively. Moreover, we expected that including sensory noise would enhance these expectancy effects. We corroborated the first hypothesis and found our data to align with the general predictions of the model. We also report the results of exploratory analyses concerning absorption, supernatural beliefs, and participants’ subjective response confidence. Our findings provide support for a predictive processing model, showing that one detects more or less voices than actually present depending on their expectations and that this effect is especially pronounced in the case of unreliable data. As such, the study contributes to our understanding of the predictive processing approach to hearing and the mechanism behind voice hearing experiences.
(Dis)connectedness, suicidality and group psychedelic therapies.
Authors: McAlpine Rosalind , Blackburne George
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the potential of group psychedelic therapies in addressing suicidality, particularly in the context of social disconnectedness. With suicide recognised as a complex issue influenced by multiple factors, including a lack of social connectedness, this research explores the use of psychedelics in group settings as a novel approach to enhance social connectedness and potentially mitigate suicidality. The paper delves into the psychosocial theories of suicide, highlighting the significance of perceived social support and the influence of interpersonal relationships on suicidal thoughts and behaviours. It proposes that group-based psychedelic therapies might offer a unique therapeutic avenue, fostering a sense of belonging and interconnectedness among participants, which could be crucial in addressing suicidality. Through qualitative insights from participants in psychedelic retreats and an analysis of the existing literature, the paper explores the theoretical underpinnings of this approach, the historical context of group psychedelic use, and the need for rigorous scientific inquiry into its efficacy and safety. The discussion also touches upon ethical considerations and the importance of a nuanced understanding of the role of psychedelics in suicide prevention strategies.
Computational Analysis of 100K Choice Dilemmas
Authors: Bhatia Sudeep , van Baal Simon Thomas , Wang Feiyi , Walasek Lukasz
Published: February 2024

We present a dataset of over 100K textual descriptions of real-life choice dilemmas, obtained from social media posts and large-scale survey data. Using large language models (LLMs), we extract hundreds of choice attributes at play in these dilemmas and map them onto a common representational space. This representation allows us to quantify the broader themes and specific tradeoffs inherent in life choices, and analyze how they vary across different contexts. We also present our dilemmas to human participants and find that our LLM pipeline, when combined with established decision models, accurately predicts people’s choices, outperforming models based on unstructured textual content, demographics, and personality. In this way, our research provides new insights into the attributes, outcomes, and goals that underpin life choices, and shows how large-scale LLM-based structure extraction can be used to study complex real-world human behavior.
If You Were Happy and You Know It, Clap Your Hands! Testing the Peak-End Rule for Retrospective Judgments of Well-Being in Everyday Life
Authors: Scharbert Julian , Reiter Thomas , Horst Julian ter , Utesch Katharina , van Zalk Maarten , Back Mitja D , Rau Richard
Published: February 2024

The experience sampling method (ESM) and comparable assessment approaches are increasingly becoming popular tools for well-being research. In part, they are so popular because they represent more direct approaches for assessing individuals’ experienced well-being during a specified period, whereas one-time, retrospective evaluations of that episode are believed to introduce systematic biases. Along these lines, the peak-end rule states that the most extreme and recent sensations of an episode disproportionally influence retrospective well-being judgments. However, it has yet to be determined whether such systematic effects found in experimental laboratory studies generalize to retrospective judgments of well-being in everyday life as captured in ESM studies. Across four ESM samples (overall N = 1,889, total measurements = 131,575), we found that retrospective well-being judgments were disproportionately influenced by the peak and end experiences from the assessment period. However, these effects depended on the item framing of the retrospective judgment (global vs. more specific framings) and broad versus narrow conceptualizations of peaks and ends (states, days, weeks), pointing toward potential ways to mitigate peak/end effects. Our findings emphasize the importance of differentiating between momentary and retrospective well-being assessments and selecting an appropriate measurement approach on the basis of these conceptual considerations.
Preliminary Evidence for Global Properties in Human Listeners During Natural Auditory Scene Perception
Authors: McMullin Margaret Ann , Kumar Rohit , Higgins Nathan C. , Gygi Brian , Elhilali Mounya , Snyder Joel S.
Published: February 2024

Theories of auditory and visual scene analysis suggest the perception of scenes relies on the identification and segregation of objects within it, resembling a detail-oriented processing style. However, a more global process may occur while analyzing scenes, which has been evidenced in the visual domain. It is our understanding that a similar line of research has not been explored in the auditory domain; therefore, we evaluated the contributions of high-level global and low-level acoustic information to auditory scene perception. An additional aim was to increase the field’s ecological validity by using and making available a new collection of high- quality auditory scenes. Participants rated scenes on 8 global properties (e.g., open vs. enclosed) and an acoustic analysis evaluated which low-level features predicted the ratings. We submitted the acoustic measures and average ratings of the global properties to separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs). The EFA of the acoustic measures revealed a seven-factor structure explaining 57% of the variance in the data, while the EFA of the global property measures revealed a two- factor structure explaining 64% of the variance in the data. Regression analyses revealed each global property was predicted by at least one acoustic variable (R2 = 0.33-0.87). These findings were extended using deep neural network models where we examined correlations between human ratings of global properties and deep embeddings of two computational models: an object-based model and a scene-based model. The results support that participants’ ratings are more strongly explained by a global analysis of the scene setting, though the relationship between scene perception and auditory perception is multifaceted, with differing correlation patterns evident between the two models. Taken together, our results provide evidence for the ability to perceive auditory scenes from a global perspective. Some of the acoustic measures predicted ratings of global scene perception, suggesting representations of auditory objects may be transformed through many stages of processing in the ventral auditory stream, similar to what has been proposed in the ventral visual stream. These findings and the open availability of our scene collection will make future studies on perception, attention, and memory for natural auditory scenes possible.
Who’s the Most Creative of Them All?: Art Bias in Laypersons' Explicit and Implicit Beliefs
Authors: Kapoor Hansika , Gurjar Swanaya , Mahadeshwar Hreem , Rezaei Sarah , Kaufman James C.
Published: February 2024

Often, creativity is associated with only artistic talent (known as the art bias) resulting in a failure to recognize it or its potential in non-artistic areas. The present study examined the art bias across artistic, scientific, business-oriented, and conventional occupations using implicit and explicit methods. In a mixed design, participants (N = 722) responded to one of six Implicit Association Tests (where two occupations were paired with creative and mundane words), explicit measures of bias towards creativity across occupations, and creative self-efficacy in the same occupations. Results indicated that artistic occupations (e.g., poet) were most likely to be implicitly and explicitly endorsed as creative compared to all other occupations. There was no difference in perceived creativity among scientific and business-oriented occupations; however, conventional ones were uniformly assessed as the lowest on creativity. Further, one’s creative self-efficacy in specific occupations contributed to explicit creativity bias across all four occupations. These results can aid the field of vocational psychology and direct future research on interventions that recognize and curb art bias.
Memory for repeated auditory textures
Authors: Bastug Berfin , rajendran vani , Bianco Roberta , Agus Trevor , Chait Maria , Pressnitzer Daniel
Published: February 2024

Even though memory plays a pervasive role in perception, the nature of the memory traces left by past sounds is still largely mysterious. Here, we probed the memory for natural auditory textures. For such stochastic sounds, two types of representations have been put forward: a representation based on temporally-local features, or a representation based on time-averaged summary statistics. We synthesized naturalistic sound textures and used them in a “memory for noise” paradigm based on repetition. On the one hand, if the brain represented texture exemplars as time-averaged summary statistics, then repetition detection and learning should all but vanish for longer exemplar durations. On the other hand, if the learning of noise and textures relied on similar processes, presumably involving temporally-local feature sets, then results should be similar for white noise and natural textures. Results replicated previous findings, showing an effect of duration on baseline repetition detection performance but little to no effect on learning afforded by repeated exposure. Thus, naturalistic texture exemplars are amenable to learning when repeated exposure is available. This finding is consistent with two interpretations: the existence of a special processing mode when acoustic repetition is involved, to which textures are not immune; or a convergence of the feature set versus summary statistics description of sound representations, if a continuum of time scales is considered.