bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving control of severe asthma with targeted therapy
Authors: Kazmerchuk O. V. , Sobko E. A. , Demko I. V.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical and functional parameters of patients with severe asthma to optimize drug therapy in order to improve the control. Methods. We examined 45 patients diagnosed with severe asthma: 34 (75%) women and 11 (25%) men. The median age was 56 (30; 70) years. 37 (82%) respondents had an allergic asthma phenotype, while 8 (18%) patients had non-allergic asthma. As for the comorbidities, allergic rhinitis was the most common (56%), intolerance to NSAIDs was observed in a third of the studied patients, and chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CPRS) was diagnosed in 20 (44%) patients. Results. Each respondent was diagnosed with at least 1 marker of T2 immune response. Before the initiation of biologics, the patients experienced frequent asthma attacks daily, and a high need for SABA was determined. None of the patients had asthma symptoms under control. After 4 months, the control indicator, AST test score, improved to 22 [20; 25] points. The low FEV1 of 65.5% (48.6; 76.8) and FEV1/FVC of 61.4% (43.9; 72.1) before the initiation of biological therapy should be noted. However, the pulmonary function parameters improved after 4 months – the FEV1 increased to 82% (51.0; 93.4), and FEV1/FVC raised to 71.3% (51.2; 74.4). Conclusion. All patients were diagnosed with at least 1 marker of T2 immune response. Thus, the correct selection of patients with T2 immune response markers makes it possible to prescribe personalized drug therapy, which, in turn, ensures the achievement of control over asthma. After 4 months biological therapy, the patients noted the absence of exacerbations, a decrease in the need for SABA, and an improvement in pulmonary function.
Comparative effectiveness of an interactive survey and the traditional method for collecting active symptoms and medical history
Authors: Demakov I. V. , Katkova A. V. , Mishlanov V. Yu. , Emelkina V. V.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study was to compare the results of an interactive survey and the traditional method for collecting active symptoms and medical history in patients with respiratory diseases. Methods. The study included 82 patients with respiratory conditions: 45 patients with broncho-obstructive diseases and 37 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, who were divided into subgroups depending on their scores on the Morisky-Green rating scale and the Toronto Аlexithymia Scale. The interactive survey was conducted using the respiratory module of the automated system for preliminary syndromic diagnosis “Electronic Clinic”. Statistical analysis of the study results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program. Results. The interactive survey identified the following symptoms of diseases more often than the traditional collection of active symptoms and medical history: productive cough, feeling of chest congestion, wheezing (p < 0.05), and shortness of breath (p > 0.05). Conclusion. An interactive survey allows identifying more details about the patient-reported symptoms and minimize the risk of missing important medical information when the doctor is pressed for time or the patients are non-cooperative or have difficulty communicating their feelings and sensations.
A clinical case of chronic hypoxemia
Authors: Chinyakova K. I. , Demko I. V. , Guseva I. S. , Guseva Ju. G. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Gordeeva N. V. , Bykhanova E. A. , Mineeva E. S. , Degid A. V.
Published: August 2024

Arteriovenous malformation is a rare and difficult to diagnose cause of chronic hypoxemia. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is an abnormal connection between pulmonary arteries and veins. Frequent clinical manifestations of this abnormality include hypoxemia, hemorrhage and complications from distant embolization, including stroke and brain abscesses. The aim of our work was to demonstrate a clinical case of this rare and potentially fatal disease. Conclusion. This clinical observation demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing PAVM. The diagnostic search for chronic hypoxemia has to include an abnormality of the pulmonary vessels.
Risk Mitigation in Development Drilling Through Improved History Matching by Incorporating Uncertainty Analysis with a Hidden Gas Cap
Authors: Pratap Mahendra , Yadav Sudhir
Published: August 2024

This research paper discusses the Field Development Plan (FDP) - 2020 of a brownfield which recommends drilling 3 infill producers to boost oil production. The study aims to address the mismatch in Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) in the existing model by incorporating uncertainty analysis in the simulation model. The methodology includes a top-down approach through the synthesis of the pressure-production behaviour, the evolution of GOR in wells/fields and the possible presence of a hidden gas cap. The findings of the present study demonstrate that by incorporating a small initial gas cap in the up-dip area of the field that any well has not penetrated, a significant improvement in GOR match and its early evolution in wells/fields are beautifully captured. The introduction of the initial gas cap has necessitated re-positioning and shifting of 3 infill producers away from the gas cap to maximise oil production. A novel two-pronged approach has been recommended for enhancing the water injection rate by 3-4 folds through a combination of a powered water injection system (already in place) and conversion of one of the existing injectors to a dump flooder on a pilot basis to ensure uninterrupted water injection in the field given the frequent power outages in the area.
Performance Analysis of Motor Vibration Based Condition Monitoring Using R-curve
Authors: Pavan Kumar B. K. , Basavaraj Yadavalli , Janamatti Santosh V. , Algburi Sameer , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Mohammed Salah J. , Nagaral Madeva , Nalband Fazil , Namdev Nagaraj , Auradi V.
Published: August 2024

Traditional techniques of manually extracting characteristics from monitoring data need skill in signal processing and previous knowledge in failure detection, which is seldom possible on a machinery big data platform. As a result, a unique approach for automatically extracting adaptive fault characteristics from monitoring data and intelligently diagnosing fault patterns is projected to accomplish rotating equipment problem identification on a machinery big data platform. This study is focused on knowledge acquired from vibration analysis and applying towards condition monitoring techniques. Results showed 99.87% accuracy level of vibration that improves the performance of motor.
Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Coconut Coir Fibre Reinforced PLA Composites
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Varadarajan Y. S. , Shamprasad M. S. , Niluvase Nidarsh P. , Bheemraj  , Hulugappa
Published: August 2024

This study examines the biodegradable and fracture toughness of Polylactic Acid (PLA) composites supplemented with coir fibres at different fibre weight fractions. Sustainable composite materials are made by combining fibres from coconut coir with PLA, a biodegradable polymer sourced from renewable resources. To improve their characteristics, the fibres are treated with sodium hydroxide, and twin-screw extrusion and injection moulding are used to create the composites. According to ASTM standards, tensile, impact, and flexural strength tests show that untreated coir fibre reinforced PLA composites have higher tensile and impact strengths than pure PLA, whereas treated fibres offer marginal increases at particular weight fractions.As fibre content rises, flexural strength often falls; untreated composites outperform treated ones in this regard. These results demonstrate the potential of PLA composites reinforced with coir fibre as greener substitutes for traditional polymers, with prospective uses in structural contexts where mechanical integrity and biodegradability are essential.
A Comprehensive Study on Calophyllum inophyllum Biodiesel and Dimethyl Carbonate Blends: Performance Optimization and Emission Control in Diesel Engines
Authors: Kurhade Anant Sidhappa , Waware Shital Yashwant , Bhambare Parimal Sharad , Biradar Ramdas , Yadav Rahul Shivaji , Patil Vaishali N.
Published: August 2024

The rising fuel demand, driven by expanding logistical infrastructure, transportation sector growth, and the need for faster transport modes, has led to significant urban sprawl and vehicle emissions, posing serious threats to air quality and human health. Chronic exposure to vehicle emissions is linked to severe health issues such as lung cancer, asthma, cardio-respiratory problems, hypersensitivity, and hypertension. In response, the quest for alternative fuels from renewable resources, particularly biodiesel, has gained momentum. Biodiesel, derived from waste seed oil, animal fat, and vegetable oil, presents a promising substitute for traditional diesel fuel. This study investigates the effects of bl enhances diesel with up to 20% Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC), an oxygenated additive, to enhance ignition properties. Engine performance and emissions were assessed under standard operational conditions. Results indicated that pure biodiesel achieved a maximum cylinder pressure 1.73% higher than diesel. Increasing DMC content in the biodiesel blend resulted in a 21.54% higher Heat Release Rate (HRR) and a 17.75% improvement in brake thermal efficiency compared to pure biodiesel at higher loads. However, the higher DMC blend also increased NOx emissions by 4.2% while significantly reducing smoke, hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 32.5%, 36.36%, and 35.65% respectively, compared to diesel at maximum load.
The value of percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve regurgitation repair in the combination treatment of chronic heart failure patients: Results from a 6-month observational prospective study
Authors: Karamova Yana S. , Uskach Tatiana M. , Imaev Timur E. , Tereshchenko Sergey N.
Published: August 2024

Rationale: Surgical interventions have been recognized as the main method to repair of valvular disorders. Percutaneous transcatheter intervention with a clipping system is being actively introduced into the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and mitral valve insufficiency (MVI) for correction of mitral regurgitation (MR), along with drug therapy.
Aim: To establish the effect of the mitral valve leaflet clipping in the combination treatment of CHF patients on the clinical course of heart failure and the remodeling process.
Methods: This single center prospective comparative study included 80 patients with CHF NYHA class II–IV and secondary MR grade 3–4. The patients were on optimal medical treatment (OMT) for CHF for at least 3 months before inclusion into the study. The main group included 55 patients who underwent transcatheter mitral valve repair with the use of MitraClip system, and the control group consisted of 25 patients in whom the surgery for MR was waived for various reasons (refusal of the surgery by the patient, some valve characteristics), and only OMT for CHF was used. At baseline, main clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients in the both groups were comparable. The duration of the follow-up was 6 months. Echocardiography (echoCG), a 6-minute walk test, and measurements of the brain natriuretic propeptide level were performed in all patients at baseline and at 6 months of the follow-up.
Results: At 6 months, there was a significant reduction in CHF NYHA class and an increase in the 6-minute walk test distance and a decrease in diuretic requirements (converted to furosemide, from 58.4 ± 17.2 to 38.1 ± 20.7 mg daily, р = 0.02) in the group with the MitraClip implant, but not in the control group. In the OMT only group, there were no changes over 6 months in the diuretic requirements (48.1 ± 6.68 and 43.8 ± 27.15 mg daily, respectively, р = 0.8). The number of hospital readmissions due to CHF decompensation was 7 (12.7%) in the implanted MitraClip group and 4 (16%) in the OMT group (р = 0.69). EchoCG performed at 6 months after the surgical intervention identified no cases of MR grade 2. In the MitraClip implant group, there was a decrease in the size and volumes of the left atrium (р = 0.02 and р = 0.05, respectively), left ventricle (for end-diastolic diameter p = 0.002, end-diastolic volume p = 0.03), mean pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.03), as well as an increase in cardiac output (р = 0.04). In the patients receiving OMT only, there were no significant changes in EchoCG parameters over time.
Conclusion: Our study has shown benefits of the implantation of the mitral valve leaflet clipping system, compared to OMT only, in CHF. The clipping procedure promotes a significant improvement in clinical course of CHF, reverse myocardial remodeling, and reduction in diuretic requirements.
Radio Frequency Treatment of Sesame Oilseed for Quality Assessment
Authors: Mishra Venkatesh , Singh Satyendra Pratap , Singh Mamta , Chandel Vishal Singh , Yadav Rashmi
Published: August 2024

Background: Agricultural products are essential for human beings and maintaining their quality and storing them under optimal conditions is important. Sesame is a widely used cooking oil. Oil production and quality are important aspects of the food industry. However, during storage, the quality of sesame seeds can be greatly affected by factors such as moisture content, microbial growth and pests. Conventional techniques for eliminating pests and drying frequently entail the use of chemicals or high temperatures, which could cause health hazards and diminish the nutritional value of the seeds. However, dielectric measurement is a low-cost, rapid and effective technique for the detection and quality assessment of agricultural products. Methods: A specially designed coaxial sample holder was connected to an LCR Meter by using a computer-controlled interface. It operates on the principle of a cylindrical capacitor and is based on the cavity perturbation technique. The sample was contained in the cavity of a cylindrical sample holder and a specifically constructed temperature controller sensor assembly was used to regulate the temperature. Five different moisture concentrations of sesame oilseeds were prepared to study their dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity and penetration depth over the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. Result: This study indicates that the dielectric constant tends to change in a more regular and understandable manner as the frequency and moisture content vary, whereas the behaviour of the dielectric loss factor was less predictable and more irregular in response to the same changes. A linear regression model was developed to investigate the impact of the dielectric constant and loss on frequency and temperature. An R2 value of 0.705 indicates that the model is well explained, with 27.6% of the variance in temperature and frequency.
Effect of Concentrate Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance of Sirohi Goat Kids
Authors: Choudhary K. , Sharma M.C. , Nagda R.K. , Gurjar M.L. , Saini B. S. , Palsaniya V.K.
Published: August 2024

Background: The growth rate and body weight increased with increment in feed frequencies due to microbial activities enhancing nutrient absorption in the animal’s body (Yaunas et al., 2014, Bawala et al., 2009). The efficacy of growth by increased feeding frequency is due to a large improvement in the efficiency of food utilization. Smaller ruminants require more frequent feedings than larger ruminants because of their higher basal metabolism. Methods: The effects of concentrate feeding frequency on growth performance were assessed in a three-month trial including twenty-one female Sirohi goat kids. Three groups (T1, T2 and T3) containing concentrate were randomly assigned to feed the Sirohi goat kids once, twice, or three times a day. Throughout the ninety-day trial, uniform management techniques and feeding like green or dry fodder were kept up. Each animal was given an exact quantity of food and water each morning during the trial and the remaining feed and water were weighed the next morning. Result: Total daily feed intake was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in T3 (885.88±4.06 g/d) than in T2 (775.03±7.52 g/d) and T1 (702.54±5.78 g/d). Average daily weight gain (ADG) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in T3 (43.68±1.8 g) than in T1 (32.30±2.61 g) and T2 (37.73±2.42 g). Non-significantly differing feed conversion ratio (3.06±0.31) in T3 than in T2 (3.16±0.29) and T1 (3.39±0.31), indicating a positive impact of thrice-a-day concentrate feeding on feed intake and growth but not affect feed efficiency in goat kids.
Impact of Climate Change and Global Warming on Crop Pollinators and their Mitigation Strategies: A Review
Authors: Samanta Sanjoy , Senapati S.K. , Ganaie Md. Haseeb , Maji Atanu , Sarkar Subham Kumar , Das Manasij , Banerjee Santanu
Published: August 2024

Climate change and global warming are of great concern to agriculture worldwide and are among the most debated and discussed issues in today’s civilization. Climate change at the global level is leading to increased habitat loss, geographical shifts and increased extinction rates of biodiversity. The production of some crops like fruits and vegetables is dependent upon pollination by crop pollinators: bee and non-bee pollinators. Animal-based pollination puts up to 30% of global food production and bee-pollinated crops contribute to approximately one-third of the total human dietary supply. Nearly 75 percent of the world’s food plants show increased fruit or seed set with insect visitation. The economic value of these services is estimated to be around 153 billion dollars per annum. If there is an increase in the average global temperature by 1.5-2.5°C, then approximately 20-30 percent of the known species will be threatened which may lead to mass extinction. As a result, there is a serious risk of economic losses as well as challenges to human food security. Only 11 of the 20,000-30,000 species of bee are managed by farmers. Pollination by honeybees and wild bees significantly increased yield quantity and quality averaging up to 62%, while exclusion of pollinators caused an average yield gap of 37% in cotton and 59% in sesame. In India, studies carried out by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development revealed that apple productivity has declined as a result of inadequate pollination.
Criterios para el cálculo de la indemnización por vulneración de derechos fundamentales. Una revisión sistemática de sentencias y una propuesta de baremo
Authors: Todolí Signes Adrián
Published: August 2024

El trabajo analiza los parámetros usados para motivar la indemnización de daños morales por vulneración de derechos fundamentales con objeto de conocer si estos parámetros encajan en los objetivos legales que debe cumplir dicha indemnización conforme al art. 183 LRJS. A su vez, se proponen criterios adicionales que no se han encontrado en la doctrina judicial, pero que se consideran útiles y necesarios para que la indemnización cumpla su triple objetivo de ser reparadora, compensadora y preventiva. En este trabajo también se propone una fórmula de cálculo de la indemnización basada en los parámetros señalados por el Tribunal Supremo y la propia LISOS con la finalidad de objetivar el cálculo y reducir la inseguridad jurídica. Esta fórmula también puede servir para aumentar la predictibilidad de la indemnización y fundamentar las peticiones de una concreta indemnización por daños morales en la demanda.
Gravity and Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Shi Junze
Published: August 2024

Theoretical physics addresses the fundamental principles of nature and the mysteries of the universe. In the last century, the theory of relativity challenged people's understanding of time and space, while quantum mechanics revealed various forms of energy. However, the concept of gravity remains elusive. All matter in the universe is composed of energy that can be converted into other forms, yet it is always conserved. However, achieving a state of equilibrium, represented by the equal sign, can be challenging to achieve on both macro and quantum scales. A phenomenon that can transition from one state to infinity is called collision and is essential for understanding natural phenomena and physical processes throughout the universe. In the study of general relativity cannot be three-dimensional problems to gain mathematical inspiration, understand the application of new dimensions. Here, we elucidate the nature of gravity, which inspires the solution of the Riemann hypothesis. Our results show that the conduction mode of dimensional energy is defined by Euler's formula. And a special mode of collision is derived which translates into vibration.
An Economic Assessment of Fresh Water Reallocation by Treated Wastewater for Irrigation in Northern Jordan Valley
Authors: Tabieh Mohammed A. , Al-Karablieh Emad K. , Salman Amer Z. , Qtaishat Tala , Thaher Nael , Al-Qinna Mohammed , Al-Karablieh Nehaya , Al-Jaghbir Madi , Al-Ghazawi Khaleda , Aladaileh Haitham , Jamrah Ahmad
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the economic feasibility and farmer acceptance of utilizing treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation, particularly in the Northern Jordan Valley. Despite its potential to mitigate water scarcity, concerns persist regarding its impact on soil health, crop yield, and land utilization, hindering widespread adoption. The research aims to measure farm profitability and farmers' willingness to embrace TWW through various blending scenarios with traditional surface water sources. The yield response function to salinity was incorporated into profit function to simulate crop profitability and water values. Results indicate that the introduction of TWW negatively affects salt-sensitive crops like citrus but positively impacts others such as date palm, olives, tomatoes, and peppers due to increased fertilizer content in irrigation water. Economic performance indicators reveal a gradual decrease in water net productivity for citrus with increasing blending ratios of TWW, with the water value decreasing accordingly. Higher percentages of treated water do not consistently lead to increased productivity, profitability, or net value added, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and understanding of economic risks associated with specific crops and water quality. To mitigate the impact of water salinity on citrus production, growers are advised to improve soil quality, periodically flush the soil with low-salinity water, and use salt-tolerant rootstocks. Regular monitoring of soil and water salinity levels is crucial for informed decision-making. While using TWW, water may offer cost savings.
Retrospective Study of Human Rabies Exposure and Associated Risk Factors in North-West Ethiopia
Authors: Azalu Workneh Wondimagegn , Mekonnen Sefinew Alemu , Worku Ambaye Kenubih , Kassa Area Mengistu , Abebe Wassie Molla , Jemberu Wudu Temesgen
Published: August 2024

Background: Rabies, a zoonotic disease caused by the lyssavirus genus, is widely distributed and a significant cause of human death in Africa and Asia. This study aimed to investigate human rabies exposure and associated risk factors in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: The study encompassed four zones, seven districts, and four kebeles from each district. The research team developed a questionnaire for data collection. Results: A total of 642 households were interviewed. The current study rabies exposure was revealed 10.47%. Over 98% of respondents displayed a strong understanding of rabies, with 99.69% correctly identifying rabies as a zoonotic disease. However, 80% of the interviewees were trusted traditional medicine could treat rabies. Only 21.93% of victims were took post exposure prophylaxis. Dogs were the primary affected animals (87.73%), of this 48.70% was bites by own dogs. Metema district had higher risk (p < 0.001) compared to others six districts. Dog ownership (p<0.05) and a higher number of households (p<0.01) were also identified as risk factors for rabies exposure. Conclusion: Residence, low education levels, high household density, free-roaming dogs, and dog ownership as key risk factors for rabies exposure. Public health awareness campaigns are crucial to emphasise the risks associated with animal bites.
Trackerless 3D Freehand Ultrasound Reconstruction: A Review
Authors: Adriaans Chrissy , Wijkhuizen Mark , van Karnenbeek Lennard , Geldof Freija , Dashtbozorg Behdad
Published: August 2024

Two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) is commonly used in clinical settings for its cost-effectiveness and non-invasiveness, but it is limited by spatial orientation and operator dependency. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) overcomes these limitations by adding a third dimension and enhancing integration with other imaging modalities. Advances in deep learning (DL) have further propelled the viability of freehand image-based 3D reconstruction, broadening clinical applications in intraoperative and point-of-care (POC) settings. This review evaluates state-of-the-art freehand 3D US reconstruction methods that eliminate the need for external tracking devices, focusing on experimental setups, data acquisition strategies, and reconstruction methodologies. PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore were searched for studies since 2014 following PRISMA guidelines, excluding those using additional imaging or tracking systems other than inertial measurement units (IMUs). Fourteen eligible studies were analyzed, showing a shift from traditional speckle decorrelation towards DL-based methods, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Variability in datasets and evaluation methods hindered a comprehensive quantitative comparison, but notable accuracy improvements were observed with IMUs and integration of contextual and temporal information within CNNs. These advancements enhance freehand 3D US reconstruction feasibility, though variability limits definitive conclusions about the most effective methods. Future research should focus on improving precision in complex trajectories and adaptability across clinical scenarios.
Deep Learning in Finance: A Survey of Applications and Techniques
Authors: Mienye Ebikella , Jere Nobert , Obaido George , Mienye Ibomoiye Domor , Aruleba Kehinde
Published: August 2024

Machine learning (ML) has transformed the financial industry by enabling advanced applications such as credit scoring, fraud detection, and market forecasting. At the core of this transformation is deep learning (DL), a subset of ML that is robust at processing and analyzing complex and large datasets. This paper provides a concise overview of key deep learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), Deep Belief Networks (DBNs), Transformers, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL). The study examines their learning processes, mathematical foundations, and practical applications in finance. It also explores recent advances and emerging trends in the financial industry alongside critical challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, and computational complexity, offering insights into future research directions that can guide the development of more robust and explainable financial models.
The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Paediatric Fontan Circulation Patients: A Prospective Intervention Study
Authors: Ven Luna van de , Félix Ana Clara , Suarez Joana , Dias Jorge , Pinto Fátima F. , Laranjo Sérgio
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The Fontan procedure, a palliative surgery for univentricular heart physiology, of-ten reduces exercise capacity and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on improving outcomes in Fontan patients to inform evidence-based care. Methods: Fontan patients aged 8-30 participated in a structured CR program for at least three months. The program included weekly aerobic and resistance training sessions, with educational and nutritional guidance. Baseline and post-CR assessments included cardiac function, fitness, daily activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Results: The cohort included ten Fontan patients, of whom six had a right systemic ventricle. CR significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness, as seen in VO2 max (from 27.92 ± 5.15 to 34.69 ± 1.14 mL/kg/min, p = 0.0089) and per cent predicted VO2 (from 0.67 ± 0.18 to 0.90 ± 0.02, p = 0.005). VCO2 increased by +8.68 ± 8.59 mL/kg/min, but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.05). Most haemodynamic and ventila-tory parameters showed no significant improvement. All the SF-36 questionnaire domains showed significant HRQOL gains (p < 0.001). High adherence (85-93%), no adverse events, and reduced NT-proBNP levels supported the program's safety. Conclusion: This study's findings have im-portant implications for the care of Fontan patients. CR significantly improved exercise capacity and HRQOL in Fontan patients across various anatomies, particularly in the right systemic ven-tricle. Integrating physical conditioning into standard care could reduce long-term morbidity and mortality; however, further research is needed to refine the protocols and confirm sustained ben-efits.
Reinforcement Learning-based Network Dismantling by Targeting Maximum Degree Nodes in the Giant Connected Component
Authors: Liu Shixuan , Pu Tianle , Zeng Li , Wang Yunfei , Cheng Haoxiang , Liu Zhong
Published: August 2024

Tackling the intricacies of network dismantling in complex systems poses significant challenges. This task has relevance across various practical domains, yet traditional approaches focus primarily on singular metrics, such as the number of nodes in the Giant Connected Component (GCC) or average pairwise connectivity. In contrast, we propose a unique metric that concurrently targets nodes with the highest degree and reduces the GCC size. Given the NP-hard nature of optimizing this metric, we introduce MaxShot, an innovative end-to-end solution that leverages graph representation learning and reinforcement learning. Through comprehensive evaluations on both synthetic and real-world datasets, our method consistently outperforms leading benchmarks in accuracy and efficiency. These results highlight MaxShot’s potential as a superior approach to address the network dismantling problem effectively.
Fitness of Multi-Resolution Remotely Sensed Data for Cadastral Mapping in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Taiwo Israel Oluwaseun , Ibitoye Olomolatan Matthew , Oladejo Sunday Olukayode , Koeva Mila
Published: August 2024

In developing nations, such as Ekiti State, Nigeria, the use of remote sensing data, especially satellite and UAV imagery, remains significantly underutilized in land administration. This limits the potential of multi-resolution imagery in land governance and socio-economic development. This study examines factors influencing UAV adoption for land administration in Nigeria, mapping six distinct rural, peri-urban, and urban sites, and creating orthomosaics with resolutions ranging from 2.2cm to 3.39cm. Boundaries were manually delineated from multi-resolution orthomosaics to acquire coordinates, and parcel areas were calculated. Using 0.05m UAV imagery as the reference, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was computed to evaluate 0.1, 0.5, and 1m orthomosaics' accuracy for boundary delineation across the six geographical contexts. The Normalized Parcel Area Error (NPAE) was also calculated to determine how the multi-resolution imageries affected the property areas. Results showed a consistent increase in error with increasing resolution (0.1m to 1m) in formal areas (Igedora, Maryland, Okebola) with physical demarcations, from 0.117m to 1.747m RMSE. In contrast, informal settlements exhibited inconsistent error values, indicating a differing impact of resolution on error between formal and informal areas. The research demonstrates the role of physical demarcations in facilitating cadastral mapping, with formal settlements demonstrating the highest suitability. This study recommends the use of imagery resolution specific to each context, offering guidance for improved land governance. Implications and recommendations include promoting awareness of settlement typologies in aerial imagery use for cadastral mapping, leveraging UAVs for high-resolution aerial imagery, and addressing regulatory challenges to promote UAV adoption. Finally, the RMSE and NPAE values can serve as metrics for assessing different resolution images’ fitness for cadastral mapping.
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Usage of Drains in Gynecologic Oncology Procedures: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Margioula-Siarkou Chrysoula , Almperis Aristarchos , Almperi Emmanouela Aliki , Margioula-Siarkou Georgia , Flindris Stefanos , Dinas Konstantinos , Petousis Stamatios
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: The use of post-operative drains in gynaecologic oncology procedures is controversial with evidence both supporting and questioning their efficacy. Proponents argue that such drains help detect complications early, reduce abscess formation, and also alleviate post-operative pain. On the other hand, drains are associated with increased risks of incisional hernia, infection, prolonged hospitalization, and postoperative pain. Methods: We conducted a research in the PubMed database and supplemented it with a manual search to retrieve addition-al papers eligible for inclusion. Results: Their use is not always found to improve outcomes, no-tably in surgeries such as a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy, where they may actually enhance lymphocyst formation and other complications. In cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer, negative pressure wound therapy showed some potential benefits, but evidence remained inconclusive due to limited studies. The international guidelines presented in this re-view, suggest avoiding the routine use of drains and promote early removal when their use is necessary. Conclusions: This review aims to present an update on the current knowledge re-garding the role of drainage in gynaecologic oncology and while further good-quality research is required, particularly in high-risk surgical procedures, numerous prospective trials have exten-sively addressed the topic, trying to provide clear suggestions.
The Radiation of Landhoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in New Zealand
Authors: Ball Olivier J-P , Myers Alan A , Pohe Stephen Robert , Shepherd Lara D
Published: August 2024

A synopsis of current knowledge of the diversity of the New Zealand landhopper fauna is provided. A combination of morphological and molecular analysis was employed on material from across New Zealand. Thirteen new endemic genera soon to be formally described have been discovered, including four belonging to the widespread families Talitridae and Arcitalitridae. These are families that had not been previously reported from New Zealand. We document the existence of at least 48 new provisional native species. This number far exceeds the 28 species currently described. Some described species are now shown to be species complexes and a few of these are very diverse with numerous cryptic species. Six changes to the existing taxonomy are proposed. Dallwitzia simularis (Hurley, 1957) is transferred from Makawidae Myers and Lowry, 2020 to Talitridae Rafinesque, 1815; Kellyduncania hauturu (Duncan, 1994) is reinstated as a member of Dana Lowry, 2011 and Kellyduncania (Lowry and Myers, 2019) is relegated to a synonym of Dana Lowry, 2011; Kanikania Duncan, 1994 is transferred from Makawidae Myers and Lowry, 2020 to Arcitalitridae Myers and Lowry, 2020; Parorchestia longicornis is transferred to Kanikania Duncan, 1994; Waematau kaitaia (Duncan, 1994) is transferred to Kohuroa Lowry, Myers and Nakano, 2019; and Waematau unuwhao (Duncan, 1994) is transferred to Omaiorchestia Lowry and Myers, 2019. This reduces the number of described genera from 17 to 16.
Spots with extremely high radiofrequency radiation after deployment of 5G base stations in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Hardell Lennart , Koppel Tarmo
Published: August 2024

During recent years there is an on-going deployment of 5G base stations for radiofrequency (RF) communication in Sweden as well in many other countries. This is made without investigations on risks to human health and the environment. Since 2016 we have made several measurements of environmental exposure to RF radiation in Stockholm, Sweden, including previous generations and now also 5G. In the current study, performed in October 2023, the broadband meter Narda-550 with the probe EF-1891 was used. It gives results in the root mean square (RMS) mode, thus not peak levels. Both the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) base their guidelines on RMS levels of RF radiation. Measurements were made in similar city areas as in our previous studies. Results show that the RF radiation has increased substantially. High maximum levels were found at e.g. the Central Railway Station (3 637 191 µW/m2), and popular walking streets such as Mäster Samuelsgatan (11 613 976 µW/m2), and Drottninggatan (5 271 555 µW/m2). The peak values would be much higher. These levels are in the same magnitude or even higher than those measured in homes of persons that rapidly developed symptoms of the microwave syndrome after installation of 5G, usually in combination with 4G+, in the neighborhood. They are also substantially higher than levels that have previously been linked to cancer and the microwave syndrome in studies of people living near base stations and masts from previous generations of telecommunications.
Asian Flush Gene Variant Enhances Cellular Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 Vaccine: Prospective Study in the Japanese General Population
Authors: Bogahawaththa Sudarma , Hara Megumi , Furukawa Takuma , Iwasaka Chiharu , Sawada Takeshi , Yamada Goki , Tokiya Mikiko , Kitagawa Kyoko , Miyake Yasunobu , Hirota Yoshio , Matsumoto Akiko
Published: August 2024

Because we observed a reduced humoral immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine and subsequently discovered a lower susceptibility to COVID-19 in individuals carrying the ALDH2 rs671 variant, we hypothesized that rs671 is beneficial for cellular immunity against COVID-19. Using the IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, we evaluated cellular immunity before and after COVID-19 vaccination in two subcohorts of a previously reported cohort. Subcohort 1 (26 participants) had six repeated observations at baseline and after one to three doses, whereas subcohort 2 (19 participants) had two observations, before and after the third dose. ELISPOT counts at six months after the second dose increased from baseline in carriers of the rs671 variant, but not in non-carriers. A positive effect of rs671 on ELISPOT counts was estimated using a mixed model, including the random effect of subcohort, repeated measures, and fixed effects of vaccine type, age, sex, height, lifestyle, steroid use, and allergic disease. There was no association between ELISPOT counts and specific IgG levels, suggesting a limitation in estimating protective potential by humoral response. There is lower humoral and higher cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in rs671 variant carriers compared to non-carriers, providing a potential basis for optimizing preventive measures and drug discovery.
Mathematical Analysis of a Navier Stokes Model with Mittag-Leffler Kernel
Authors: Monyayi Victor Tebogo , Doungmo Goufo Emile Franc , Tchangou Toudjeu Ignace
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness results of the fractional Navier-Stokes evolution equation using the Banach fixed point theorem, where the fractional order β is in the form of the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo fractional order. The iterative method combined with the Laplace transform and Sumudu transform are employed to find the exact and approximate solutions of the fractional Navier-Stokes equation of a one-dimensional problem of unsteady flow of a viscous fluid in a tube. Mathematica software is used to present the solutions graphically.
Radiological Changes in Spinal Cord and Brain of Patients with HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Authors: Stack Emily H , Okar Serhat V , Wu Tianxia , Stack Mallory , Mina Yair , Gaitan Maria I , Azodi Shila , Frazier William , Ohayon Joan , Cortese Irene , Reich Daniel S. , Nair Govind , Jacobson Steven
Published: August 2024

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic progressive neurological disorder and shares many radiological and clinical features with other more prevalent myelopathies. Here, we quantified spinal cord and brain volumes in adults with HAM/TSP in comparison with healthy volunteers (HVs) and participants diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinical disability and MRI were assessed in 24 HVs, 43 HAM/TSP, and 46 MS participants. Spinal cord cross-sectional area (SCCSA) and brain tissue volumes were measured and compared. HAM/TSP participants had significantly lower SCCSA at C2-3 (54.0±8 mm2), C4-5 (57.8±8 mm2), and T4-9 (22.7±4 mm2) and significantly elevated brain white matter hyperintensity (WMH) fraction (0.004±0.008) was compared to HVs (C2-3: 69.4±8 mm2, C4-5: 75.1±9 mm2, T4-9: 34.1±4 mm2; all p < 0.0001; and WMH: 0.0004±0.0007; p < 0.001). In HAM/TSP, SCCSA at all levels but not WMH showed the significant correlation with clinical disability scores. Brain white matter hyperintensities in HAM/TSP, therefore, may not be related to clinical disability. SCCSA and WMH in our limited MS cohort were higher than the HAM/TSP cohort (67.6±8 mm2, 72.7±9 mm2, 33.4±5 mm2; p < 0.0001). Principal component analysis suggested that SCCSA and WMH may be used to differentiated HAM/TSP from MS. Understanding these differences may help establish early diagnostic criteria for HAM/TSP patients.
Neuroprotective Properties of Rutin Hydrate against Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Rats
Authors: Sreelatha Inturu , Choi Ga-Young , Lee In-Seo , Inturu Omkaram , Lee Hyun-Sook , Park Yea-Na , Lee Cheol-Won , Maeng Sungho , Park Ji-Ho
Published: August 2024

The current study investigated the neuroprotective effects of rutin hydrate (RH) in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like learning and memory impairments rat model. Since AD is an age-related degenerative brain disorder characterized by a progressive worsening in cognitive function and memory, RH may be a potential drug for the treatment of AD-like memory loss, and this work is aimed to evaluate whether RH has neuroprotective effects in memory deficits induced by scopolamine (SCO). In our study, RH demonstrated beneficial effects as a neuroprotector in the brain and improved learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in a rat. Rats were administered RH (100 mg/kg) and SCO (1.5mg/kg), and performed behavioral tests such as Morris water navigation test, Y-maze test, and passive avoidance test to evaluate the ability of learning and memory. In accordance with these findings, RH behaviorally attenuated SCO-induced shortening of step-through latency in the PA test, increased the percent of alternation in the Y-maze, and increased the time spent in the target zone in the MWN. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of RH on learning and memory was investigated through the long-term potential on organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. RH increased the total activity of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) following theta burst stimulation and attenuated SCO-induced blockade of fEPSP. This approach could potentially be used as a therapeutic strategy for the restoration of learning and memory function and the prevention of the progression of AD. SCO treatment decreased the levels of BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB/Bcl2 and increased the Bax protein level in rat hippocampus. RH ameliorated the expression of these proteins by attenuating SCO-induced up or downregulation in the hippocampus. Based on these findings, the results highlight the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which RH is proposed to exert its neuroprotective effects in the prevention and treatment of learning and memory deficit disorders.
Assessing the Effects of Citizen Climate Literacy and Attitudes on Their ‘Greening’ Behaviour in a Climate Change Hotspot Region of the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Papagiannaki Katerina , Kotroni Vassiliki , Lagouvardos Konstantinos
Published: August 2024

Climate change presents an urgent global challenge, manifesting in rising temperatures and extreme weather events with severe societal impacts. The Eastern Mediterranean, warming faster than the global average, faces immediate repercussions. Climate literacy emerges as pivotal, empowering individuals to comprehend climate science and act accordingly. This study delves into climate literacy, attitudes, and 'greening' behaviours in the Eastern Mediterranean hotspot of Greece, based on a survey of 1,962 citizens. Findings indicate high climate literacy but lower adoption of 'greening' behaviours, especially those involving financial costs. Regression analyses highlight the significant role of climate literacy, concerns about personal impacts, coping appraisal and trust in institutions in promoting 'greening' behaviours. The study underscores the need for multifaceted strategies emphasizing financial motivation, trust-building, and societal norm shifts. Socio-demographic disparities, including gender and occupation, highlight areas for targeted interventions. The emphasis on the mental health impacts of climate-related events underscores the need for holistic disaster management. Policy implications are discussed, highlighting the potential of expanded climate literacy to catalyze collective action toward sustainability.
Development and Evaluation of New Visible Index on Remote Sensing for Estimating House Damage and Sediment Runoff in Disasters
Authors: Shiraishi Haruhiro , Usuda Yuichiro
Published: August 2024

When earthquake damage occurs, it is extremely important to quickly identify the presence or absence of such damage. In this study, we developed and evaluated a new remote sensing index to automatically determine "damage" by image analysis when damage greater than partial destruction of a house by an earthquake or tsunami occurs. The accuracy of the houses estimated as "damaged" was high and sufficient for the initial assessment of damage. The results of this research are expected to be utilized for more rapid damage assessment after a disaster.
Aperiodic Tiling for Enhancing Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Khan Ayaz , Macias-Villegas Gabriel , Ammari Habib M.
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the impact of network topologies on the security of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We propose the use of Spectre Monotile aperiodic tiling for sensor deployment, demonstrating its superior security compared to regular deterministic topologies. Additionally, we introduce a novel Intrusion Effort Index to quantify network resilience against clone attacks. By implementing a smart random walk to simulate the scenario of malicious cloned nodes attempting to reach the central access point of a network, we take into consideration the worst-case scenario for a network as it is being attacked. Given all network topologies use the same intrusion detection system and security protocols, we discover the topology of a network will also play a role and provide an additional layer of security depending on how it is designed. Similar to a fog-of-war, the sensor positions play a vital role in how an intruder assesses a network. By tiling a plane non-periodically, an absence of regularity in the structure is produced, which obfuscates an intruder attempting to predict the next sensor position, due to a varying number of adjacent neighboring nodes each time it reaches a new node. After 10,000 rounds of simulation emulating different scenarios of malicious nodes compromising the network, we averaged the results to find total detections, total hops, and percentage of times the base station was reached. Our simulation results show that aperiodic tiling has the best security resilience and robustness compared to other flat network topologies.