bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study to Assess Symptom Profile and Break Through Infections Among Health Care Workers Post Covid Vaccination at Tertiary Care Health Facility
Authors: Malhotra Vishal , Oberoi Simmi , Khaira Ravinder , Balgir Rajinder S. , Kaur Balpreet , Kaura Sakshi
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated persons pose a major challenge to the ongoing vaccine campaign against SARS-CoV-2 globally.

Objectives:

To investigate the occurrence of breakthrough infections and the association of Covid symptoms with the vaccination status of health care workers (HCWs).

Material and Methods:

Done in Government Medical College, Patiala among Covid-positive HCWs who have received one or both doses of Covid vaccine, using pretested semi-structured validated Proforma and telephonic interview from April 1, 2021 to June 15, 2021.

Results:

Among 3388 HCWs, 115 vaccinated HCWs (1st or 2nd dose) became Covid positive. Among vaccinated Covid positive HCWs, 54 received the first dose and 61 both doses. Breakthrough infections (≥14 days post 2nd dose) occurred in 4.6% (47 of 1021) HCWs. The vaccine is significantly protective as shown by an odds ratio of 0.27; thus, vaccinated HCWs are 73% less likely to get Covid infection as compared to non-vaccinated HCWs. There was no statistically significant difference between symptom profiles of cases whether they took one or both doses of vaccine, except headache. Only tiredness and headache were reported significantly higher in the unvaccinated group in comparison to vaccinated HCWs.

Conclusion:

Research is needed on tracking the immune response and viral genomic sequence of samples of vaccinated Covid-positive HCWs to have constant vigilance on remerging new strains of the SARS-CoV-2.
Human Milk Bank in a Rural Setup – A Success Story
Authors: Lakhkar Bhavana , Damke Sachin , Meshram Revatdhamma
Published: March 2024

Background:

This article describes the experience of a rural human milk bank, with the problems faced in first 6 months including the coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis and interventions leading to success.

Methods:

The study included individual counselling by dedicated counsellors, focused counselling of primipara mothers seeking the help of obstetricians, counselling of pre-term mothers by neo-natal nurses, periodically delivered information in post-natal wards, and counselling of grandmothers and husbands.

Results:

The COVID crisis was dealt with donations from reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction-negative mothers with social distancing and mask use. Younger, educated, working mothers with normal delivery and from middle-income families were easy to counsel. Periodic announcements in wards significantly increased awareness about milk banks and donation. Pre-term mothers could be motivated when their baby was nil by mouth or they saw other babies in need of milk. Lactation support to mothers with breast problems, especially in primipara, helps in getting more donors. Counselling of fathers was easier than that of grandmothers.

Conclusions:

Structured awareness programs and counselling strategies along with education of grandmothers and husbands were very effective in increasing human milk donation.
Epidemiological Insights into Anthropometric Indices and Their Correlates among College Students through a University-Level Screening Program in Western India
Authors: Talati Kandarp Narendra , Parmar Ankita , Zalavadiya Dhara , Shinde Mayur , Madan-Patel Geetika
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

India is facing a dual burden of malnutrition with high prevalence of underweight and increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity.

Methodology:

This study reports anthropometric findings (body mass index, waist circumference [WC], and waist–hip ratio [WHR]) from the screening of 3296 students admitted during 2018–2019.

Results:

Majority of the students were male (70%), with a mean age of 18.57 years. About 31% and 19% of students were underweight and overweight, respectively. Given sex-specific cutoffs for WC and WHR, about 5% and 21% of students were at substantially increased risk of metabolic complications. About 14.5% of normal and underweight students were also found to be at substantially increased risk of metabolic complications. Multivariate analysis found increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.98) and being male (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62–0.88) to be protective factors against underweight. We did not find any statistically significant correlation for overweight, for WHR among males, and WC and WHR among females.

Conclusion:

It has been noted that the college environment increases the risk of weight gain. Hence, it makes a case to periodically study changes in anthropometric measures through a longitudinal study, and accordingly develop life cycle-based interventions for prevention/management of undernutrition, obesity, and related complications.
Effect of Mother’s Nutritional Knowledge and Hygiene Practices on School-Going Adolescents Living in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahjabin Tasnima , Nowar Abira , Islam Md. Hafizul , Jubayer Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Background:

Adolescence which is a critical stage for growth and development is influenced by various issues along with maternal nutritional knowledge, control over their earnings, freedom of movement, and participation in household decision-making over child’s health care.

Objective:

This study focused on assessing mothers’ nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices and their effect on dietary diversity as well as the nutritional status of school-going adolescents of Dhaka city.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at 44 schools in Dhaka city. A total of 710 school-going adolescents aged 10–17 years were randomly selected and their mothers were interviewed for assessing their knowledge on nutrition and hygiene practices. One-way ANOVA and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the association between dietary diversity and the nutritional status of the adolescents with their mother’s nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices.

Results:

About one-third (35.8%) of the mothers maintained hygiene and sanitation satisfactorily. Although 53.1% of them had satisfactory general knowledge about a healthy diet, only 6.5% showed good knowledge of the nutritional value of food. The prevalence of stunting, thin, and overweight was 8, 4.6, and 5.8%, respectively. Fair hygiene practices were positively associated (P = 0.048) with height for age z-score. Maternal knowledge on the nutritional value of food was positively associated (P = 0.027) with the dietary diversity of the adolescents.

Conclusion:

Adequate nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices of the mothers have positive effects on children’s dietary diversity and nutritional status. Providing nutrition education to mothers would ensure better nutritional status and improved dietary practices for their children.
Assessment of Prosocial Behaviour of School-Going Adolescents
Authors: Harikrishnan U. , Sailo Grace L.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Prosocial behaviour is one of the key features of the development of school-going adolescents. Therefore, the current paper focuses on the prosocial behaviour of school-going adolescents in Kollam District, Kerala.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional descriptive study where 600 school-going adolescents, their parents and 60 class teachers were selected through cluster sampling method. English and Malayalam version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered among respondents. Chi-square and multiple linear regression models were used for analysing the data.

Results:

Self-report of prosocial behaviour predictors were significantly associated with gender (P < 0.01), urban-rural settings (P < 0.001) and government-private schools (P < 0.001). Parents’ report shows highly significant relationship with gender (P < 0.001) whereas teachers’ report is significantly related to urban-rural settings (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The current study found that one-fifth of school-going adolescents had borderline to abnormal (self – 17.4%; parents’ – 16.9%; teachers’ report – 20.8%) prosocial behaviour. School-going adolescents should involve in volunteer activities and campaigns for better development in society.
Screening Vaccinees for Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors at a Covid-19 Vaccination Center in Vadodara, Gujarat
Authors: Chavda Paragkumar D. , Mehta Kedar G. , Pandya Chandresh M. , Patel Bharat H. , Shah Paras , Shah Zalak
Published: March 2024

Context:

Adult population visiting COVID vaccination center is a potential teachable moment for screening and preventive advice on non-communicable diseases.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of vaccinees volunteering for screening and to know the proportion of newly detected hypertensives and diabetics among the screened vaccinees at COVID-19 vaccination center.

Setting and Design:

This descriptive, cross-sectional, operational research study was carried out at the COVID vaccination center at a medical college in central Gujarat from July to September 2021.

Methods:

After receiving the vaccine, the vaccinee was offered screening through a community-based assessment checklist for risk factors of non-communicable diseases, blood pressure, and blood sugar measurement. Those volunteering for this screening received a slip mentioning their risk score, blood pressure and blood sugar reading, and relevant health information and disease prevention advice. The study variables were acceptability (proportion of vaccinees volunteering for screening) and yield (newly detected hypertensives and diabetics among those screened).

Results:

Among vaccinees, 27.7% volunteered for risk scoring and blood pressure measurement, whereas 8.3% volunteered for blood sugar measurement. Around 15.5% of vaccinees had high-risk scores as per the community-based assessment checklist. The yield of freshly detected high blood pressure and high blood sugar was 19.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The yield was similar even among vaccinees under 30 years of age.

Conclusions:

Vaccinees demonstrated interest in undergoing screening for non-communicable diseases. Yield indicates that such screening is worth the effort.
Process Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination Sessions in Dadra and Nagar Haveli District During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Bariya Bhaveshbhai R. , Solanki Preeti , Mahyavanshi Darshan , Patel Mitali G. , Das Vatte K
Published: March 2024

Context:

Efficient roll out of COVID-19 vaccines requires high-quality preparedness at all levels and robust planning and training regarding COVID-19 vaccination, use of CoWIN software, post-vaccination care and communication for all health functionaries.

Aims:

The current study attempts to fill the research gap in monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination session sites in tribal areas of UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DNH) during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and Material:

It was a cross sectional observational study conducted from April to May 2021 at 36 purposively selected COVID-9 vaccination session sites. Sites were monitored independently for assessing various parameters like infrastructure, HR status, vaccine, logistics availability, and AEFI management using the WHO Session Site Monitoring Form for COVID-19 Vaccination.

Results:

Out of 36 session sites observed, three separate designated rooms were available at 21 (58.3%) sites. Almost two-third of the session sites (61.1%) had displayed information, education, communication (IEC) materials. Mean number of team members was 5.1 (SD 1.7). Adequate stock of vaccine vials and AD syringes, AEFI kits or anaphylaxis kits were available and biomedical waste segregation was as per guidelines at all the session sites.

Conclusions:

Logistics availability, safe injection practices, and COVID-appropriate behavior were adequate; however, infrastructure and post-vaccination care needs strengthening for successful rollout of COVID-19 vaccination.
Can Students Learn from Their Co-Students About Tuberculosis? Outcomes from Student-Friendly Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study in India
Authors: Rebecca B. Priscilla , Angamuthu Dhanalakshmi , Watson Basilea , Beena E. Thomas , Balaguru S. , Premkumar Jacob , Suresh Chandra , Karikalan Nagarajan
Published: March 2024

Background:

The World Health Organization’s “End TB Strategy” aims to end global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic through a holistic combination of health and social interventions placing the patients and communities at the heart of the response. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of utilizing school children as ambassadors in TB advocacy.

Materials and Methods:

We adopted a quasi-experimental intervention design where students’ awareness level was assessed before and after the intervention. A total of 185 student ambassadors were trained to conduct interventions in schools, and 920 students were randomly selected to assess the impact of the ambassador’s intervention. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the correct and incorrect knowledge on specific aspects of TB. This intervention study was implemented in a phased manner which involved a participatory formative phase. A student-friendly and culturally relevant educational materials and activities for providing TB knowledge for the study student population were developed. Data collected from the baseline and end-line evaluation surveys were analyzed using STAT Ver. 16.0.– Stata Corp., June 2016, USA.

Results:

A significant increase (>80%; P < 0.05) in the correct knowledge on diagnosis and prevention for TB was noted among sampled students (n = 818) before and after intervention. Reduction in incorrect knowledge, like understanding TB as hereditary disease, was found to be less (50%; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

School students lead intervention could significantly improve correct knowledge on TB and could be replicated.
Development and Validation of a Comic Tool
Authors: Sarkar Chaity , Mohanty Vikrant , Balappanavar Aswini Y. , Chahar Puneet , Rijhwani Kavita
Published: March 2024

Background:

National legislation (COTPA) in India has focused on school children with dedicated section (6a and 6b) for tobacco control at Educational Institutions. Innovative mediums like Comic offer unique and engaging medium for dissemination of health information. However, its true potential remains unexplored in tobacco control. The study was conducted to develop and validate Comic for promotion of tobacco control laws in school settings.

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted among school teachers in Delhi in three phases: (1) need assessment, (2) development of Comic, and (3) validation (face/content validity by experts in public health/tobacco control, and construct validity by school teachers). Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Review Board. Prevalidated, structured, close-ended, and self-administered Questionnaire was used for the data collection. SPSS version 21 was used for descriptive and inferential results.

Results:

Phase 1 showed, out of 150 school teachers, 121 participated (80.66%). Mean age and teaching experience was 41.85 ± 9.76 years and 10.35 ± 6.53 years, respectively. Overall awareness about COTPA was 47.9% (n = 58) and COTPA sections 4 and 6 were 37.2% (n = 45). Majority 59.5% (n = 72) reported lack of access to training material. Phase 2 and 3 showed overall content validity index (CVI) score of 0.84. Construct validity evaluation from pre–postintervention yield mean ± SD scores of 3.94 ± 0.99 and 7.97 ± 1.17, respectively, (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Comic was developed on sound theoretical basis with satisfactory face, content and construct validity, to raise awareness about tobacco control among school children, and teachers to promote tobacco-free school.
Growth Prediction of Under-5 Children Using Statistical Models for Eastern Region of India
Authors: Verma Pradyuman , Prasad Jang Bahadur
Published: March 2024

Background:

Percentile curves are often used to assess variances in children’s growth pattern. This study is aimed at explaining effect of the respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics on under-5 children’s birth weight and identifying most suitable models, out of 11 statistical models reviewed, for estimating children’s growth in terms of height and weight of a given birth-weight category and obtain estimated growth curves.

Material and Methods:

The study used National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data from four Eastern States of India, consisting of 54,075 under-5 children. Estimated growth curves were obtained, using best-fit models.

Results:

Birth weight was found to be associated with children’s age, gender, birth order, body mass index, mother’s education, living place and wealth index. Two models – Cubic Model and
Power Model – showed best fit to the height and weight measurements. We obtained estimated growth curves of boys and girls for a given birth-weight category.

Conclusions:

All socio-demographic factors studied, except respondent’s occupation, were associated with children’s birth weight. Cubic and Power Models were most suitable for assessing growth in terms of height and weight of boys and girls, belonging to a given birth-weight category.
Prevalence of Alcohol Intake and Illegal Drugs among the Students at English Medium Private Schools of Tripura, India (North Eastern States of India)
Authors: Jamatia Biplab
Published: March 2024

Background:

Early initiation of alcohol use among adolescents can provide a useful indication of the potential future burden among adults including increased risk for academic failure, mental health problems, antisocial behavior, physical illness, risky sexual behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, early onset dementia, and the development of alcohol use disorders. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of alcohol consumption and illegal drug use among adolescent students studying in class ninth to eleventh standard in English medium private schools in Tripura, India.

Methods:

A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in faith based English medium private schools of two selected subdivisions of Tripura, India. Students of class ninth to eleventh standard were selected for this current study. A validated questionnaire was used to find out the prevalence of alcohol and illegal drug intake.

Results:

A total of 565 (boys = 308, girls = 257) students participated in this study from four schools. The prevalence of alcohol intake (ever) among adolescent students was 28.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.6–32.1]. The adolescent students of 1.7% (95% CI 0.9–3.1) consumed alcohol once a week in the past 6 months. It was observed that 4.2% (95% CI 2.8–6.3) of adolescents use illegal drugs. The study participants of 12.7% (95% CI 10.2–15.8) reported having close friends who were using illegal drugs.

Conclusions:

Significant percentages of adolescent students were involved in alcohol intake (ever) and use of illegal drugs.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Persons Attending the RT-PCR center at a Medical College Hospital in Telangana
Authors: Veerapu Nagapraveen , Inamdar Dhanashree P , Kumar Baer P Ravi , Anuradha Basavaraju , Guddanti Pavitra , Issapuri Sree D , Ganta Nikhita S , Gopi Arun
Published: March 2024

Background:

In January 2021, India’s drug regulator issued restricted emergency approval for COVISHIELD and COVAXIN, which were manufactured in India. In mid-January 2021, in India, there were 10.5 million confirmed cases and 0.15 million deaths. The objectives were to evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines made in India against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Materials and Methods:

A test-negative case-control study was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021 for a duration of 8 months among people attending a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) center at a medical college hospital for RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. The baseline characteristics and RT-PCR report were collected from the RT-PCR center. The exposure to COVID-19 vaccines was enquired via phone call or was checked with data available with the health authorities.

Results:

After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and case and control definitions, a total of 380 participants (95 cases and 285 controls) were included. The adjusted VE of two doses of COVISHIED vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 52.2% (41.7 to 62.1), and that of a single dose was 40.88% (31.26 to 51.29). The adjusted VE of two doses of COVAXIN vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 39% (29.40 to 49.27). The overall VE was 48.20% (37.90 to 58.22) for two doses of any vaccines.

Conclusions:

Vaccines made in India were nearly 50% effective. Further new studies should be conducted as new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging. We do not know the VE against the variants, and whether booster doses are required or not is not yet established.
Performance Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program in Chikmagalur District
Authors: Siddalingappa Hugara , Goud B Nagaraja , Hanumantharaya Raghunath , Rudresh Harish Bekkalale , Arulprakasam Divya , Marumadu Girish , Hirehanamantagoudar Bagyalaxmi
Published: March 2024

Background:

Routine evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) is done through a national program called National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program (NIDDCP). The aim of this study is to determine the goiter prevalence, to estimate salt Iodine and urinary Iodine levels.

Materials and Methods:

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2700 school children across seven taluks of Chikmagalur. A total of 2700 children aged 6 to 12 years were selected from 30 clusters by multistage sampling method. The iodometric titration method and Sandell–Kolthoff method were used for the estimation of salt and urinary Iodine, respectively. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used.

Results:

The prevalence of goiter was 13.0%. About 153 (28.3%) salt samples had inadequate iodine content (<15 ppm). Median Urinary Iodine Excretion was 126 μg/L.

Conclusion:

Chikmagalur district is still at risk of a significant public health problem which needs timely interventions and appropriate measures to prevent further consequences due to IDDs.
Calorie- and Protein-Deficient Diets Despite Adequate Dietary Diversity among Pregnant Women in a Low-Income Urban Area in Delhi, India
Authors: Basu Saurav , Rajeev Anjali , Anand Aanchal , Hossain Samar , Singh Mongjam M.
Published: March 2024

We interviewed 221 antenatal women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy attending a primary care antenatal clinic at a low-income area in Delhi, India, during 2019–20. The Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W) score for 10 food groups was calculated using the open recall method during a 24-h recall period. The median MDD-W score was 6 (IQR 4–7). Low dietary diversity (MDD-W <5) was observed in 65 (29.4%) participants. Low SES and higher age (≥25 years) were statistically significant predictors of lower dietary diversity, but it was unrelated to parity. Furthermore, protein deficit was observed in 185 (83.7%) and calorie deficit in 210 (95%) participants.
Health Insurance Ownership among Moluccans in Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Laksono Agung Dwi , Sillehu Sahrir , Khoiri Abu
Published: March 2024

Background:

Expanding the reach of health insurance in Maluku aims to increase public access with the archipelago topography to healthcare facilities.

Objective:

The study aimed to analyze factors related to health insurance ownership among Moluccans.

Materials and Methods:

The study employed 788 respondents. The variables analyzed included health insurance, age, gender, education, and employment. The study used multinomial logistic regression in the final stage.

Results:

The age group ≤19 years was 0.182 times more likely than the ≥50 years of age group to have government-run type health insurance. The 20–29 years of age group was 0.219 times more likely than the ≥50 years of age group to have government-run health insurance. On the other hand, Moluccans with primary education were 0.196 times more likely than Moluccans with higher education to have a government-run type of health insurance. Moluccans with secondary education were 0.415 times more likely than Moluccans with higher education to have government-run health insurance. Unemployed have a probability of 0.358 times than employed to have the government-run health insurance type. Finally, unemployed is 0.056 times more likely than employed to have private-run health insurance.

Conclusions:

Three variables prove associated with health insurance ownership among Moluccans in Indonesia, namely age, education, and employment.
Antibody Responses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines amongst Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tripura, India
Authors: Mog Chanda , Bhattacharya Sibabrata , Baidya Subrata , Das Shampa
Published: March 2024

Background:

Vaccines against COVID-19 plays an important role in limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections and also in curbing mortality and morbidity due to COVID-19.

Objective:

To estimate the anti-spike antibody response after receiving the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines amongst health care workers of a tertiary care hospital in Tripura, India.

Materials and Method:

A cross- sectional study was conducted from 1 July to 20 August 2021 at Agartala Government Medical College and GBP Hospital, Agartala among 561 health care workers who had received first and second doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and had completed 14 days after receiving the second dose.

Results:

The present study showed that health care workers who had received both doses of COVID-19 vaccine had 99.5% seropositivity to anti-spike antibody. The median SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titter was 250 with an IQR (211.55–250). Seropositivity rate was higher among Covishield recipients (99.8% [550/551]) as compared to Covaxin recipients (80% [8/10]) and it was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that a good immune response was elicited against spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 after two complete doses of Covishield (ChAdOx1-nCoV-19) or Covaxin (BBV152).
Strengthening Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring during Labor with a Standard Handheld Doppler – Implementation Experience from India
Authors: Bajpayee Devina , Sarin Enisha , Dastidar Sourav Ghosh , Chandra Subodh , Mohanty Jaya Swarup , Bisht Nitin , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Harish
Published: March 2024

Background:

India’s neonatal and perinatal mortality is among the highest in the world. Intrapartum-related conditions contribute to a significant proportion of neonatal deaths and stillbirths. Fetal heart rate monitoring, a recommended norm to assess fetal well-bring, is not practiced as per standard guidelines in public health facilities. A standardized Doppler along with training on fetal heart rate monitoring was implemented across different levels of healthcare in three states.

Methods:

Facilities were selected purposively to implement the Doppler. Baseline data for 3 months were collected. Interviews of health providers and observation of labor were conducted quarterly. Data were analyzed through a comparison of baseline and intervention on a number of delivery and monitoring indicators.

Results:

Among 22,579 total deliveries, monitoring frequency increased along with increase in detection of abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) while cesarean section and stillbirths reduced slightly. Cases never monitored reduced in the District Hospitals (7.98–2.07, P < 0.01) and in Community Health Centers (14.7–1.67, P < 0.001). Stillbirth rate reduced at the medical college (3.6–1.1, P < 0.001). Interviews with providers revealed acceptance of the device due to its reliable readings.

Conclusion:

The Doppler demonstrates acceptability and serves as a useful aid to improve intrapartum FHR monitoring.
Discoloration after revascularization using calcium phosphosilicate-based bioceramic versus mineral trioxide aggregate in necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth: A Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bartaw Rana Tarek , Eid Mahmoud Hamdy , Gawad Randa Youssef Abd Al , Samad Ahmed Mohamed Abdel
Published: March 2024

Aim:

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of calcium phophosilicate-based bioceramic “Totalfill bioceramic putty” and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) as the coronal plug on discoloration after revascularization of necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on (48) necrotic young permanent central incisors in children ranging from 8 to 14 years old, that were randomly allocated to either Totalfill bioceramic (Group I = 24) or WMTA (Group II = 24) as the coronal plug. Two visits revascularization protocol was adopted in this study using 1.5% sodium hypochlorite, followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and ending with a saline flush as irrigation solution. The double antibiotic paste was used as intracanal medication. The blood clot was used as scaffold followed by the application of collagen membrane followed by coronal plud malterial. Finally, the access was sealed using resin composite restoration and composite restoration. Clinical assessment was conducted at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, while radiographic assessment was conducted at 6 and 12 months. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-squared test for intergroup comparisons and Cochran’s Q test for intragroup comparison.

Results:

Clinically, Group I exhibited a success rate of 100%, whereas Group II exhibited a success rate of 85.7%. Radiographically, both materials showed a 90.5% success rate. There was no statistically significant difference between both materials for all assessed clinical and radiographic parameters at different follow-up periods.

Conclusions:

Both Totalfill bioceramic putty and WMTA can be used successfully as coronal plug in esthetic areas.
Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation to estimate the prevalence of palatogingival groove in the maxillary anterior teeth and its radiographic characteristics: An institutional retrospective study
Authors: Biswas Mousumi , Mazumdar Dibyendu , Saha Binayak , Agarwala Siddhi , Saha Kallol Kumar , Chowdhury Kuntal
Published: March 2024

Aim:

The purpose of the study was to radiographically evaluate the prevalence of palatogingival groove (PG) in the East Indian population in the maxillary anterior teeth in different genders, its unilateral/bilateral presentation, classified based on its radiographic characteristics, to determine the prevalence of different types, which could help in future treatment planning.

Study Design:

The design of the study was a retrospective study.

Materials and Methods:

Analysis of 429 maxillary anterior teeth (144 central incisors, 145 lateral incisors, and 139 canines) in 72 cone-beam computed tomography scans was done (31 males and 41 females, mean age 27.3 ± 7.63). Demographic details of patients and characteristics of PG, i.e. location, extension, depth, and type, were recorded. The presence of alveolar bone loss and periapical pathology was noted.

Results:

An overall prevalence of PG was found to be 2.33% (n = 10), with PG being detected in 2 (1.388%) central incisors, 8 (5.51%) lateral incisors, and 0 (0%) canines. Eight of the patients had a unilateral presence, while one patient reported with bilateral presence, implying a significantly higher predilection of unilateral occurrence (P = 0.02). The prevalence was found to be higher in females (n = 8). The teeth were categorized as either having Type I (6 teeth), Type II (3 teeth), or Type III (1 teeth). Three of the 10 PGs were present in the mesial, six in the mid-palatal, and one in the distal portion of the palatal surface.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of PG in the maxillary incisors in this cohort is 2.33%. The maxillary lateral incisors are the most affected teeth. Unilateral presentation is more common.
Evaluation of Usability and Efficacy of Strain Elastography Method Concurrently with Preoperative Ultrasonography in Cases of Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Karatay Emrah , Turkoglu Ozlem , Eren Abdulkadir , Javadov Mirkhalig
Published: March 2024

Background:

Hydatid cysts (HCs), which are among the cystic lesions of the liver, are frequently encountered in endemic areas. Routine imaging modalities are sometimes insufficient to differentiate HC types, and ultrasound (US) elastography has just begun to be used for this purpose. In this study, the effectiveness of the strain elastography (SE) method in preoperative HC cases was investigated, and the relationship between HC types and elastography values was evaluated.

Methods:

HC cases that underwent SE simultaneously with preoperative US between January 2019 and February 2021 were evaluated retrospectively, and 75 cases were included in the study. In addition to elastography data, cyst typing according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification was also available.

Results:

Thirty cases were male and 45 cases were female, the median age was 48 years, and the interquartile range was 41 years. According to the WHO classification, 15 cases were Type I, 27 cases were Type II, and 33 cases were Type III HC. Median strain ratio (SR) values were 5.69 (4.07–14.47) for Type I, median 1.49 (1.26–1.74) for Type II, and median 0.21 (0.13–0.30) for Type III, and there was a highly significant relationship between HC types and SR values (P < 0.001). There was also a very strong (-) directional correlation between HC type and strain rate (P < 0.001, Spemann rho (ρ): −0.928).

Conclusion:

US elastography is a new modality in the diagnosis of HC types, and there are few studies available. In this study, unlike the literature, it is the first time that HC typing and discrimination have been used using the SE technique, which is remarkable.
Use of Technology to Promote Road Safety: Public Health Perspective
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Joshi Abhishek
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Road safety has been acknowledged as a public health concern of global significance owing to its direct association with human lives and their well-being. Road safety is a much broader concept than measures that are aimed to just prevent accidents, but it extends to improving the quality of life of members of the community, safeguarding environmental health, and improving the economy of the nation. With the passage of time, several technologies in road safety have surfaced, and their collective employment can aid in the establishment of a smart, safe, and efficient transportation system in nations. In fact, these technologies will account for a significant reduction in the number of accidents, better management of traffic, and improved road safety. In conclusion, ensuring road safety can save lives, promote responsible behavior, and create secure transportation system. There is an immense need to create awareness, engage the community, and embrace technology to minimize the possibility of road accidents and ensure safe journeys for all.
Exploring the Scope of Crowdsourcing in Medical Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Patil Manoj
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

In the field of medical education, crowdsourcing is the practice of obtaining views and inputs from a heterogeneous group of people using preferably digital platforms, with an aim to contribute to medical learning, creation of contents, and problem-solving and strengthen assessments. Considering the fact that medical knowledge continues to change with each day, this approach facilitates the process of continuous updation of the educational content based on recent developments. Regardless of the scope, application, and merits that can be attributed to crowdsourcing in medical education, there are some potential concerns that must be taken into account for optimizing the benefits. In summary, crowdsourcing has immense scope in medical education to create an inclusive and updated learning environment for medical students and healthcare professionals. The inputs generated through collective minds are expected to enrich the learning experience, and thus, we must look forward to exploring it for better utility.
Dermatoglyphic Pattens in OSMF and Leukoplakia - A Comparative Study
Authors: Kumar Jaideepa , Mehta Dhaval N. , Sutaria Shreyansh , Chawla Riddhi , Anand Vikram , Giri Debanti , Kumar Santosh
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The term dermatoglyphics was first used in 1926 by anatomist Cummins. Dermatoglyphic is a term that refers to “a skin carving.” The unique carve present on the skin surface of humans and other living beings is referred to as dermatoglyphics. This research was conducted to understand the variations in patterns and assess the usefulness of dermatoglyphics among individuals diagnosed with potentially malignant diseases and mouth cancer. Three hundred subjects were selected. The study consisted of three groups. Patients were divided into the following groups: Group I: oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) (100), Group II: ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA (100), and Group III: Healthy Individuals (100). Our research study indicates a difference in dermatoglyphic patterns between patients and healthy individuals. Specifically, there is a lower percentage of loop patterns and an increase in arch patterns in OSMF and leukoplakia patients. These findings suggest that dermatoglyphics may have relevance in understanding or identifying certain health conditions.
A Retrospective Study of Location, Dimension, and Prevalence of Mandibular Incisive Nerve Canal with the Help of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Soni Avani , Sinha Priyankesh , Maiti Niladri , Katira Vidhi , Ashem Albert , Patel Prachi , Raval Nilesh
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate the mandibular incisive nerve canal’s prevalence, location, and size.

Objectives:

To ascertain the frequency, relationship to surrounding critical structures, and variance in the size and position of the mandibular incisive nerve canal.

Materials and Methods:

Mandibular incisive canal (MIC) measurements, locations, and prevalence were noted in 80 patients’ cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), ranging in age from 18 to 80.

Result:

The overall incidence of missing canals was found to be 30% on the right side, 33.75% on the left, and 23.75% on both sides. Conclusion: In summary, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3 Tesla) and other higher-resolution imaging modalities should be compared with CBCT for accurate MIC measurement and location assessment.
Strengthening COVID-19 Surveillance Using the Existing National Respiratory Surveillance Framework
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Bankar Nandkishor J. , Bandre Gulshan R. , Tiwade Yugeshwari R. , Mishra Vaishnavi H. , Badge Ankit K.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global outbreak of coronavirus and has significantly changed the dynamics and framework of healthcare delivery system. Acknowledging the fact that the clinical manifestations of both influenza and COVID-19 are quite similar and both are respiratory pathogens, it will be ideal to use the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) for monitoring the community-level transmission in any nation. During the initial stages of pandemic itself, with the intention to strengthen the surveillance activities, it was recommended that all the nations should use the existing surveillance networks in the nation and employ them for the surveillance of COVID-19 cases. In conclusion, the GISRS continues to play an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic response since its onset. As a matter of fact, this system is an efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable platform for nations to continue their battle against the pandemic.
Stress Attributes for Indian Orthodontic Practitioners: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patel Riddhi , Kubavat Ajay K. , Patel Khyati V. , Bhavsar Priyal , Sejani Vishwa , Patel Anuj
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Because orthodontists work long hours and maintain a relationship with each patient for many years prior to the end of treatment, they may encounter unusually stressful situations.

Materials and Methods:

A self-administered, anonymous survey was disseminated to orthodontic residents and practitioners in India. The survey includes 29 probable stressors.

Result:

Over 61% of respondents opined that these factors are the most stressful in orthodontic practice.
Revolutionizing Dentistry: The Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dental Health Care
Authors: Sharma Suman , Kumari Preeti , Sabira K , Parihar Anuj Singh , Divya Rani P , Roy Amal , Surana Pratik
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of health care, and dentistry is no exception. This article explores the various applications of AI in dentistry, showcasing how this advanced technology is revolutionizing diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. From enabling early detection of oral diseases to enhancing the precision of dental procedures, AI is driving the industry toward more efficient and effective dental healthcare services. This article delves into the specific ways in which AI is being integrated into dental practices, highlighting its potential to improve patient outcomes and advance the field of dentistry.
Gesture Recognition Based on Deep Learning: A Review
Authors: Wu Meng
Published: March 2024

Gesture recognition is an important and inevitable technology in modern times, its appearance and improvement greatly improve the convenience of people's lives, but also enrich people's lives. It has a wide range of applications in various fields. In daily life, it can carry out human-computer interaction and the use of smart home. In terms of medical treatment, it can help patients to recover and assist doctors to carry out experiments. In terms of entertainment, it allows users to interact with the game in an immersive manner. This paper chooses three technologies that deep learning plays a more prominent role in gesture recognition, namely CNNs, LSTM and transfer learning based on deep learning. They each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Because of the different principles of use, different techniques have different roles, such as CNNs can carry out feature extraction, LSTM can deal with long time series, transfer learning can transfer what is learned from another task to this task. Select different practical technologies according to different application scenarios, and make improvements in real time in practical applications. Gesture recognition based on deep learning has the advantages of good accuracy, robustness and real-time implementation, but it also bears the disadvantages of huge economic and time costs and high hardware requirements. Despite some challenges, researchers continue to optimize and improve the technology, and believe that in the future, gesture recognition technology will be more mature and valuable.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Mandava Susmitha , Vinta Surendra Reddy , Ghosh Hritwik , Rahat Irfan Sadiq
Published: March 2024

Chronic kidney disease is a significant health problem worldwide that affects millions of people, and early detection of this disease is crucial for successful treatment and improved patient outcomes. In this research paper, we conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of several machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Bernoulli Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, X Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree Classifier, Grid Search CV, Random Forest Classifier, AdaBoost Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, XgBoost, Cat Boost Classifier, Extra Trees Classifier, KNN, MLP Classifier, Stochastic gradient descent, and Artificial Neural Network, for the prediction of kidney disease.  In this study, a dataset of patient records was utilized, where each record consisted of twenty-five clinical features, including hypertension, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, appetite and blood urea. The results of our analysis showed that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) outperformed other machine learning algorithms with a maximum accuracy of 100%, while Gaussian Naive Bayes had the lowest accuracy of 94.0%. This suggests that ANN can provide accurate and reliable predictions for kidney disease. The comparative analysis of these algorithms provides valuable insights into their strengths and weaknesses, which can help clinicians choose the most appropriate algorithm for their specific requirements.
A Literature Review for Detection and Projection of Cardiovascular Disease Using Machine Learning
Authors: Baral Sumati , Satpathy Suneeta , Pati Dakshya Prasad , Mishra Pratiti , Pattnaik Lalmohan
Published: March 2024

The heart is a vital organ that is indispensable in ensuring the general health and welfare of individuals. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major health concern worldwide and a leading cause of death, leaving behind diabetes and cancer. To deal with the problem, it is essential for early detection and prediction of CVDs, which can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Computer-aided techniques facilitate physicians in the diagnosis of many heart disorders, such as valve dysfunction, heart failure, etc. Living in an "information age," every day million bytes of data are generated, and we can turn these data into knowledge for clinical investigation using the technique of data mining. Machine learning algorithms have shown promising results in predicting heart disease based on different risk parameter. In this study, for the purpose of predicting CVDs, our aim is to appraise and examine the outputs generated by machine learning algorithms including support vector machines, artificial neural network, logistic regression, random forest and decision trees.This literature survey highlights the correctness of different machine learning algorithms in forecasting heart problem and can be used as a basis for building a Clinical decision-making aid to detect and prevent heart disease at an early stage.
A Comprehensive Feature Engineering Approach for Breast Cancer Dataset
Authors: Sharma Shambhvi , Sahni Monica
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer continues to pose a significant challenge in the field of healthcare, serving as the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women on a global scale. The present study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between breast cancer, statistical analysis, and feature engineering. By conducting an extensive analysis of a comprehensive dataset and employing sophisticated statistical methodologies, this research endeavor aims to unveil concealed insights that can enrich the medical community's existing knowledge base. Through the implementation of rigorous feature selection and extraction methodologies, the overarching aim is to augment the comprehension of breast cancer. Moreover, the study showcases the successful incorporation of univariate and bivariate analysis in order to enhance the accuracy of diagnostic procedures. The convergence of these disciplines exhibits considerable promise in the realm of breast cancer detection and prediction, facilitating cooperative endeavours aimed at addressing this widespread malignancy.