Analysis of barriers associated with emergency medical service activation in patients with acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction from Zhongjiang County of Sichuan Province in China
Authors: He Chengcheng , Zhang Yingchun , Tang Meimei , Ai Xiaohua , Tang Mingxiang , Tang Cheng , Li Li , Huang Wenjin , You Xin , Zhou Dewen , Zhou Jiming , Shi Yan , Luo Min 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferred modes of transportation to the hospital among patients with acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction, as well as to identify the factors that influence the utilization of ambulances.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study, including patients who were diagnosed with acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction, at the people's hospital of Zhongjiang, from September 30th, 2022 to August 30th, 2023. All patients were divided into EMS-activation group and self-transportation group. Chi-square and t-tests were utilized to discern differences between groups at baseline. To screen relevant variables, we employed the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis using R package glmnet. Subsequently, we performed a logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of EMS activation according the results of LASSO regression.
Results
we collected 929 valid questionnaires. 26.16% of the patients required the services of EMS. 90.9% of individuals have not received any formal first aid education. 42.1% of them reported that they had no understanding of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.88) or acute cerebral infarction (OR 0.26, 0.10 to 0.68), the distance between the patient and the nearest 120 network hospital when the patient had these symptoms (OR 0.97, 0.94 to 0.99), the patient's son or daughter was there when the patient was symptomatic (OR 0.58, 0.37 to 0.94), the patient (OR 0.19, 0.05 to 0.72) and the patient's partner (wife or husband) (OR 0.36, 0.16 to 0.85) had decided that the patient needed further medical help, Among patients who did not seek immediate help after symptom onset, thinking that the symptoms will disappear spontaneously (OR 0.34, 0.13 to 0.92) or not wanting to disturb others (OR 0.06, 0.01 to 0.66) or believing that they are not important symptoms (OR 0.15, 0.05 to 0.42) were factors independently associated with less ambulance use. Age (OR 1.02, 1.00 to 1.04), Stroke patients have experienced symptoms of disturbance of consciousness or convulsions (OR 2.99, 1.72 to 5.2) were independent factors associated with increased ambulance use.
Conclusion
There is still ambulance underutilization among patients with acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction in county territory of China. Moreover, the level of first aid education remains low. It is needed to not only raise awareness about emergency medical services but also enhance public education on common health issues related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Additionally, patients, their families, and private clinic doctors should increase adequate understanding of the potentially severe consequences of acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction, as well as the crucial importance of prompt medical intervention. Finally, we propose that all township hospitals should be integrated into the 120 emergency networks and equipped with emergency first aid capabilities, pre-hospital care, and transportation abilities.