bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black silicon significantly enhances phosphorus diffusion gettering
Authors: Pasanen Toni P. , Laine Hannu S. , Vähänissi Ville , Schön Jonas , Savin Hele
Published: January 2018

Black silicon (b-Si) is currently being adopted by several fields of technology, and its potential has already been demonstrated in various applications. We show here that the increased surface area of b-Si, which has generally been considered as a drawback e.g. in applications that require efficient surface passivation, can be used as an advantage: it enhances gettering of deleterious metal impurities. We demonstrate experimentally that interstitial iron concentration in intentionally contaminated silicon wafers reduces from 1.7 × 1013 cm−3 to less than 1010 cm−3 via b-Si gettering coupled with phosphorus diffusion from a POCl3 source. Simultaneously, the minority carrier lifetime increases from less than 2 μs of a contaminated wafer to more than 1.5 ms. A series of different low temperature anneals suggests segregation into the phosphorus-doped layer to be the main gettering mechanism, a notion which paves the way of adopting these results into predictive process simulators. This conclusion is supported by simulations which show that the b-Si needles are entirely heavily-doped with phosphorus after a typical POCl3 diffusion process, promoting iron segregation. Potential benefits of enhanced gettering by b-Si include the possibility to use lower quality silicon in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices.
The sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction project (S2S) and the prediction of extreme events
Authors: Vitart Frédéric , Robertson Andrew W.
Published: January 2018

The sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction project (S2S) is a 5-year project, established in 2013 by the World Weather Research Program (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). This paper briefly describes the S2S project in the context of extended range prediction of extreme events. We provide evidence that S2S forecasts have the potential to predict the onset, evolution and decay of some large-scale extreme events several weeks ahead. For instance, S2S models displayed skill to predict high probabilities of extreme 2-m temperature anomalies over Russia during the worst week of the 2010 Russian heat wave up to 3 weeks in advance. In other cases, like for tropical cyclone prediction, S2S models can produce useful information on the probability of the occurrence of tropical storms within sufficiently large areas through the prediction of large-scale predictors, such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). In future, S2S forecasts of extreme events could be integrated into a “ready-set-go” framework between seasonal and medium range forecasts, by providing an early warning of an extreme event a few weeks in advance. Finally, S2S forecasts can also be used to investigate the causality of some extreme events and we show evidence that the cold March 2013 over western Europe and North Asia was linked to a MJO event propagating over the western Pacific.
Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices
Authors: Wu Jiang-Bin , Lin Miao-Ling , Cong Xin , Liu He-Nan , Tan Ping-Heng
Published: January 2018

This work provides a comprehensive understanding on the developments in the Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials from fundamental research studies to device applications.
Carbon dots-based frequency-doubling scattering probes for the ultrasensitive and highly selective determination of hemoglobin
Authors: Huang Shan , Yang Erli , Wang Lumin , Liu Yi , Xie Jiangning , Hu Baoqing , Xiao Qi
Published: January 2018

CDs-based FDS probes for the ultrasensitive and highly selective determination of HB.
Development of an immunoblot assay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human serum using a portable UV illuminator
Authors: Chouhan Raghuraj S. , Niazi Javed H. , Qureshi Anjum
Published: January 2018

We developed a low-cost UV based bioassay for CEA monitoring. The method will provide a point-of-care testing using labeled antibodies.
Enzyme-sensitive cytotoxic peptide–dendrimer conjugates enhance cell apoptosis and deep tumor penetration
Authors: Liu Fu-Hua , Hou Chun-Yuan , Zhang Di , Zhao Wen-Jing , Cong Yong , Duan Zhong-Yu , Qiao Zeng-Ying , Wang Hao
Published: January 2018

Cytotoxic peptide conjugated PAMAM dendrimers with MMP2-sensitive PEG for efficient tumor penetration, cellular internalization and mitochondria disruption.
Simultaneous drug delivery and cellular imaging using graphene oxide
Authors: Cheng Sheng-Jen , Chiu Hsien-Yi , Kumar Priyank V. , Hsieh Kuan Yu , Yang Jia-Wei , Lin You-Rong , Shen Yu-Chih , Chen Guan-Yu
Published: January 2018

The capability of GO to simultaneously play the dual-role of a: (i) cellular imaging agent and (ii) drug delivery agent in cancer cells without the need for additional fluorescent protein labeling.
Novel two-dimensional Bi4V2O11 nanosheets: controllable synthesis, characterization and insight into the band structure
Authors: Qiao Lulu , Zhu Anquan , Liu Wenwen , Chu Dewei , Pan Jun
Published: January 2018

Novel two-dimensional Bi4V2O11 nanosheets were controllably prepared using a stable [Bi(EDTA)]− complex, and their band structures were investigated as well.
Ionic liquid bifunctionally modulated aggregation-coalescence mechanism to synthesize SnSe single-crystal nanorod/nanoparticle core shell nanostructures and single-crystal nanorods for optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Guofeng , Luo Wenhao , Qin Qing , Liu Yanxia , Jin Cen , Hao Jing , Zhang Jing , Zheng Wenjun
Published: January 2018

Ionic liquid-bifunctional modulated synthesis of SnSe nanorafts and nanorods for optoelectronics.
Characterization of the binding interactions between EvaGreen dye and dsDNA
Authors: Shoute L. C. T. , Loppnow G. R.
Published: January 2018

EvaGreen interacts with dsDNA at low concentrations as a high-flourescence bisintercalator with an occlusion site size of 4, but as associated low-fluorescence dimers and higher aggregates at high concentrations.
Robust light harvesting by a noisy antenna
Authors: Malý Pavel , Gardiner Alastair T. , Cogdell Richard J. , van Grondelle Rienk , Mančal Tomáš
Published: January 2018

Ultrafast bulk and single-molecule spectroscopy experiments described by a single theoretical model show how protein fluctuations influence photosynthetic light harvesting.
Optical absorption and photoconductivity in iodine-excess ionic liquids: the case of 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodides
Authors: Aono Masami , Miyazaki Hisashi , Takekiyo Takahiro , Tsuzuki Seiji , Abe Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

We investigated the optical absorption and photoconductivity of iodine-excess ionic liquids (ILs) based on 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide ([Cnmim][I]; n = 3, 4, and 6).
Proton distribution in Sc-doped BaZrO3: a solid state NMR and first principle calculations analysis
Authors: Buannic Lucienne , Sperrin Luke , Dervişoğlu Riza , Blanc Frédéric , Grey Clare P.
Published: January 2018

The complex local protonic distribution and proton–dopant interaction in Sc-substituted BaZrO3 was investigated by coupling solid state NMR experiments to first principle calculations.
A highly recyclable dip-catalyst produced from palladium nanoparticle-embedded bacterial cellulose and plant fibers
Authors: Xiang Zhouyang , Chen Yong , Liu Qingguo , Lu Fachuang
Published: January 2018

Bacterial cellulose loaded with palladium was fabricated into a sheet-like dip-catalyst through compositing with plant fibers.
Directed assembly of metal nanoparticles in polymer bilayers
Authors: Hsu Su-Wen , Long Yuhan , Subramanian Aatheya G. , Tao Andrea R.
Published: January 2018

The integration of layer-by-layer (LbL) and self-assembly methods has the potential to achieve precision assembly of nanocomposite materials.
Photoinduced decoration of NiO nanosheets/Ni foam with Pd nanoparticles towards a carbon-free and self-standing cathode for a lithium–oxygen battery with a low overpotential and long cycle life
Authors: Meng Fan-Lu , Chang Zhi-wen , Xu Ji-jing , Zhang Xin-bo , Yan Jun-min
Published: January 2018

This carbon-free cathode fabricated by combining electrodeposition and photoreduction has promoted the formation of film-like Li2O2and exhibits excellent electrochemical performances.
Sulphur dioxide cooperation in hydrolysis reactions of vanadium oxide and hydroxide cluster dianions
Authors: Troiani Anna , Rosi Marzio , Garzoli Stefania , Salvitti Chiara , de Petris Giulia
Published: January 2018

Gas-phase hydrolysis takes place due to the synergistic action of SO2and vanadium-containing dianions that succeeds in tightening hydrogen bonds.
Enhancement in electrochemical performances of Li–S batteries by electrodeposition of sulfur on polyaniline–dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid–sulfuric acid (PANI–DBSA–H2SO4) honeycomb structure film
Authors: Sovizi M. R. , Fahimi Hassan Gheshlaghi Z.
Published: January 2018

A sulfur cathode for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries was prepared by electrodeposition of elemental sulfur on honeycomb polyaniline–dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (hPANI–DBSA–H2SO4/S) prepared through the breath figure (BF) method and its electrochemical performances were reported.
Ultraviolet sensing using a TiO2nanotube integrated high resolution planar microwave resonator device
Authors: Zarifi Mohammad H. , Wiltshire Benjamin , Mahdi Najia , Kar Piyush , Shankar Karthik , Daneshmand Mojgan
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a unique integrated UV light sensing concept and introduces a device with a detection limit of 1.96 nW cm−2.
In situ probing behaviors of single LiNiO2 nanoparticles by merging CAFM and AM–FM techniques
Authors: Bi Zhuanfang , Wu Jiaxiong , Yang Shan , Li Liu , Yang Peifa , Shang Yang , Shang Guangyi
Published: January 2018

Voltage-induced behaviors of single LiNiO2 nanoparticles including morphology, mechanical properties and electrochemical reactions with an electrolyte are probed by merging CAFM and AM–FM techniques.
Scalable production of core–shell nanoparticles by flash nanocomplexation to enhance mucosal transport for oral delivery of insulin
Authors: He Zhiyu , Liu Zhijia , Tian Houkuan , Hu Yizong , Liu Lixin , Leong Kam W. , Mao Hai-Quan , Chen Yongming
Published: January 2018

Flash Nanocomplexation (FNC) as a scalable manufacturing method to facilitate successful clinical translation of protein therapeutics.
NO prodrug-conjugated, self-assembled, pH-responsive and galactose receptor targeted nanoparticles for co-delivery of nitric oxide and doxorubicin
Authors: Zhang Jimin , Song Huijuan , Ji Shenglu , Wang Xiaomin , Huang Pingsheng , Zhang Chuangnian , Wang Weiwei , Kong Deling
Published: January 2018

Nitric oxide (NO) prodrug-conjugated, acid-responsive and galactose receptor targeted nanoparticles were developed for the co-delivery of NO and doxorubicin.
Monolayer and bilayer polyaniline C3N: two-dimensional semiconductors with high thermal conductivity
Authors: Hong Yang , Zhang Jingchao , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: January 2018

Lateral and flexural thermal transport processes in monolayer and bilayer C3N are systematically investigated using MD simulation.
Water soluble hydrophobic peptoids via a minor backbone modification
Authors: Darapaneni Chandra Mohan , Kaniraj Prathap Jeya , Maayan Galia
Published: January 2018

The incorporation of piperazine or homopiperazine within hydrophobic peptoid scaffolds leads to their water solubility while increasing their overall conformational order in water.
Squalene/polyethylenimine based non-viral vectors: synthesis and use in systems for sustained gene release
Authors: David Geta , Clima Lilia , Calin Manuela , Constantinescu Cristina Ana , Balan-Porcarasu Mihaela , Uritu Cristina Mariana , Simionescu Bogdan C.
Published: January 2018

New squalene/BPEI conjugates, acting as efficient gene carriers, were included in the 3D matrix, yielding tunable DNA release and long-term bioavailability.
Integrated phytoremediation focused on microbial investigation
Authors: Yeh T. Y. , Kao C. M. , Chen W. H.
Published: January 2018

Phytoremediation is a green rehabilitation technology that is often incorporated with an application to improve phytohormones required for the growth of agricultural plants with the expectation to improve the effectiveness of plant rehabilitation.
Effect of sodium alginate on the stability of natural soybean oil body emulsions
Authors: Su Chunxia , Feng Younan , Ye Jing , Zhang Yuemei , Gao Zhiming , Zhao Meng , Yang Nan , Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Fang Yapeng
Published: January 2018

For the first time sodium alginate is used to improve the stability of oil body emulsions against salt, pH and freeze–thaw cycling.
Bending energy of 2D materials: graphene, MoS2 and imogolite
Authors: González Rafael I. , Valencia Felipe J. , Rogan José , Valdivia Juan Alejandro , Sofo Jorge , Kiwi Miguel , Munoz Francisco
Published: January 2018

The bending process of 2D materials, subject to an external force, is investigated, and applied to graphene, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), and imogolite.
Fe-catalyzed esterification of amides via C–N bond activation
Authors: Chen Xiuling , Hu Siying , Chen Rongxing , Wang Jian , Wu Minghu , Guo Haibin , Sun Shaofa
Published: January 2018

An efficient Fe-catalyzed esterification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides with various alcohols was performed. Esterification was accomplished with inexpensive, environmentally friendly FeCl3·6H2O, and with high functional group tolerance
A dual-emission nano-rod MOF equipped with carbon dots for visual detection of doxycycline and sensitive sensing of MnO4−
Authors: Fu Xin , Lv Rui , Su Jian , Li Hui , Yang Boyi , Gu Wen , Liu Xin
Published: January 2018

A dual-emission hybrid material could detect doxycycline and MnO4− sensitively. Test paper was regarded initially as a tool for doxycycline visual detection. A lower LOD of MnO4− showed that carbon dots can accelerate quenching speed of MOF(Eu).
Chemometric modeling of odor threshold property of diverse aroma components of wine
Authors: Ojha Probir Kumar , Roy Kunal
Published: January 2018

We have modelled here odor threshold properties (OTP) of various aroma components present in different types of wine using quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) studies employing both two-dimensional and three-dimensional descriptors.
Vapor deposition of polyionic nanocoatings for reduction of microglia adhesion
Authors: Zhi Bin , Song Qing , Mao Yu
Published: January 2018

Solvent-free one-step synthesis of hybrid polyionic nanocoatings for the study of interaction between polyionic surfaces and microglial cells.
The electrical modulus and other dielectric properties by the impedance spectroscopy of LaCrO3and LaCr0.90Ir0.10O3perovskites
Authors: Coşkun M. , Polat Ö. , Coşkun F. M. , Durmuş Z. , Çağlar M. , Türüt A.
Published: January 2018

In this work, LaCrO3and Ir doped LaCrO3compounds were synthesized and their frequency dependent electrical properties were studied.
Albumin-assisted exfoliated ultrathin rhenium disulfide nanosheets as a tumor targeting and dual-stimuli-responsive drug delivery system for a combination chemo-photothermal treatment
Authors: Huang Qunlian , Wang Shurong , Zhou Jie , Zhong Xiaoyan , Huang Yilan
Published: January 2018

The resveratrol and folic acid loaded ultrathin rhenium disulfide nanosheet (utReS2@RSV–FA) could be used as a dual-stimuli-responsive drug delivery system and could effectively be used in a combination chemo-photothermal cancer treatment.
Synthesis of triblock copolymer polydopamine-polyacrylic-polyoxyethylene with excellent performance as a binder for silicon anode lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lü Lei , Lou Hongming , Xiao Yinglin , Zhang Guangzhao , Wang Chaoyang , Deng Yonghong
Published: January 2018

Triblock copolymer polydopamine-polyacrylic-polyoxyethylene with strong adhesion as a novel binder enhance the cycle performance of silicon anode.
Chiral auxiliary recycling in continuous flow: automated recovery and reuse of Oppolzer's sultam
Authors: Sullivan R. J. , Newman S. G.
Published: January 2018

The telescoping of a three-stage, chiral auxiliary-mediated transformation in flow is described, including continuous separation of the product and auxiliary, enabling automated auxiliary reuse.
Oil/molten salt interfacial synthesis of hybrid thin carbon nanostructures and their composites
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Wang Mengran , Lai Yuekun , Li Xiaoyan
Published: January 2018

A novel and generalized interfacial synthesis method was developed based on the immiscible nature of hydrophobic oily substances in hydrophilic molten salts to fabricate thin carbon nanostructures, with an appealing nanosheets-covering-nanobelts configuration, which exhibited superior performance in energy storage.
Electrophoretic deposition: a versatile tool against biomaterial associated infections
Authors: Bakhshandeh Sadra , Amin Yavari Saber
Published: January 2018

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a versatile and cost-effective technique which can be exploited to tackle biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs), considered one of today's most withering complications of orthopedic implant surgery.
Non-invasive fluorescence switch in polymer films based on spiropyran-photoacid modified TPE
Authors: Yu Qi , Su Xing , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yu-Mo , Li Minjie , Liu Yifei , Zhang Sean Xiao-An
Published: January 2018

High-contrast fluorescence switching has been achieved in polymer films or fibers with non-invasive stimuli.
Simultaneouly enhanced durability and performance by employing dopamine copolymerized PEDOT with high work function and water-proofness for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huang Ju , Wang Chunhua , Liu Ziye , Qiu Xueqing , Yang Junliang , Chang Jingjing
Published: January 2018

Dopamine-copolymerized PEDOT:LS showed great advantages over PEDOT:PSS in enhancing device performance and durability.
Highly efficient green organic light emitting diodes with phenanthroimidazole-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Huang Zhi , Xiang Songpo , Zhang Qing , Lv Xialei , Ye Shaofeng , Guo Runda , Wang Lei
Published: January 2018

Highly efficient green thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters based on phenanthroimidazole were developed.
Design and synthesis of metal hydroxide three-dimensional inorganic cationic frameworks
Authors: Yuan Long , Huang Keke , Feng Wenchun , Li Baiyan , Hou Changmin , Ye Kaiqi , Wu Xiaofeng , Shi Zhan , Wang Shan , Feng Shouhua
Published: January 2018

We developed the largest family of three-dimensional inorganic cationic frameworks that built by edge-sharing rare-earth and transition metal hydroxide polyhedral units,which indicates the successful conversion of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and layered rare-earth hydroxides (LREHs) to 3-D structures.
Determination of the packing model of a supramolecular nanofiber via mass-per-length measurement and de novo simulation
Authors: Yao Qingxin , Bao Qiang , Li Xinming , Wang Hui , Yang Zhenyu , Shi Xinghua , Gao Yuan , Xu Bing
Published: January 2018

The combination of mass-per-length measurement and de novo simulation facilitates the molecular packing determination along nanofibers.
FePt/Co core/shell nanoparticle-based anisotropic nanocomposites and their exchange spring behavior
Authors: Li Deyao , Wang Hui , Ma Zhenhui , Liu Xin , Dong Ying , Liu Zhiqi , Zhang Tianli , Jiang Chengbao
Published: January 2018

The transition from strong exchange coupling to exchange spring triggered by the easy-axis alignment.
Pressure-induced phase transition of 4-aminobenzonitrile: the formation and enhancement of N–H⋯N weak hydrogen bonds
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Qi Yang
Published: January 2018

The initial N–H⋯N interactions in 4-aminobenzonitrile crystals are enhanced and changed into weak hydrogen bonds by high pressure.
Nonsolvent-induced morphological changes and nanoporosity in poly(l-lactide) films
Authors: Shaiju P. , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Gowd E. Bhoje
Published: January 2018

The role of a nonsolvent in controlling the crystallization and morphology of solvent-crystallized poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) films.
PTS based on DisABC algorithm for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems
Authors: Cheng Xing , Liu Dejun , Feng Shuo , Pan Qi , Fang Huafeng
Published: January 2018

A novel discrete artificial bee colony algorithm‐based partial transmit sequences (DisABC‐PTS) scheme is proposed to reduce peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals. Compared to ABC algorithm‐based PTS scheme (ABC‐PTS) proposed previously, the DisABC‐PTS scheme works directly in discrete space, which has a high computational efficiency. Simulation results indicate that DisABC‐PTS scheme can obtain lower PAPR than existing PTS schemes and has a low computational complexity.
Highly accurate average current controller using charge sharing method for LED lamp driver
Authors: Ahn H.‐A , Hong S.‐K. , Kwon O.‐K.
Published: January 2018

An average current controller (ACC) that can accurately regulate the light‐emitting diode (LED) forward current for lighting applications is proposed. The proposed ACC employs a charge sharing method to achieve a highly accurate average LED forward current by compensating for an error occurred when the LED forward current is sampled. It was fabricated using a 0.35 μm CMOS process technology and occupied a small chip area of 1028 μm × 728 μm. The measurement results showed that the proposed ACC achieved a deviation in the average LED forward current of <0.6% over the entire input voltage range while achieving a maximum power efficiency of 93.6%. Therefore, the proposed ACC is suitable for high‐quality LED lighting systems requiring an accurate LED forward current.
Comparative performance assessment between FFT‐based and FRFT‐based MIMO‐OFDM systems in underwater acoustic communications
Authors: Nassiri Mahdi , Baghersalimi Gholamreza
Published: January 2018

In this study, the performance of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in underwater acoustic (UWA) communication channels is evaluated and compared for various conditions including the number of subcarriers, modulation schemes, the number of paths between the transmitter and the receiver, Doppler frequencies, and MIMO modes including diversity and multiplexing. The study demonstrates while the computational complexity of the FRFT is in the order of the FFT, the performance of the FRFT‐based UWA system is superior to that of the FFT‐based system for all multipath scenarios, and for the flat fading channel, they achieve the same performance.
Precoder design for decentralised estimation over MIMO‐WSN based on stochastic models
Authors: Rostami Hasti , Falahati Abolfazl
Published: January 2018

New precoder matrices are designed to estimate an unknown vector parameter considering stochastic channels for multiple‐input multiple‐output wireless sensor network (MIMO‐WSN) with decentralised sources. Two types of WSNs are considered, with and without total power network limitations. Within this context, two closed‐form relations are derived for the precoder matrices and mean square error (MSE) of the unknown vector parameter is obtained. To cancel any operations at a fusion centre to estimate the aforementioned parameter, a distortionless constraint is added. In simulation section, the authors compare the MSE performances of the proposed method in stochastic MIMO channels with those in deterministic MIMO channels. The simulation result indicates that the MSE performance in the stochastic channels is decreased by almost 1.3 dB at low signal‐to‐noise ratios. Therefore, the reliability of the unknown vector parameter estimation is enhanced using the MIMO model. Ultimately, effects of bandwidth and number of sensor nodes on the MSE criterion are also analysed.
Leveraging high‐order statistics and classification in frame timing estimation for reliable vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications
Authors: Zhen Li , Qin Hao , Song Bin , Ding Rui , Zhang Yanling
Published: January 2018

In vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communications, achieving reliable physical layer performance is a challenging task due to the highly dynamic nature of V2V propagation channels. Frame timing estimation, as one of the most critical signal processing procedures that rely on channel statistics, has to be appropriately enhanced to tackle this challenge. This study presents a novel frame timing estimation scheme based on both the available periodical preambles in IEEE 802.11p standard. By designing the fourth‐order statistics‐based correlation and differential normalisation functions, the proposed timing metric not only is capable of possessing an extensible correlation length, but also achieves the robustness to multipath effect and large carrier frequency offset. From the standpoints of hypothesis testing and classification, the proposed approach can effectively increase the distinction between correct and wrong timing indexes in terms of the class‐separability criteria, and consequently has a significantly improved timing estimation performance compared with the existing methods. Simulation results consist with theoretical analysis under the typical V2V channel model, and demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce both the probabilities of false alarm and missed detection, and make the selection of a suitable threshold for frame detection much easier.
Optimal design of antenna array for multiple targets microwave power transmission with precise power division ratio control
Authors: Zhong Yong‐Wei , Yang Guo‐Min , Liu Yi , Zheng Li‐Rong
Published: January 2018

A novel method used to design multiple targets microwave power transmission antenna array that could transmit power wirelessly to discrete targets with different power division ratios is introduced in this study. The maximal transmission efficiency and the precise power division ratio could be achieved simultaneously by utilising the basis functions, which are optimised for high‐transmission efficiency, and the power division ratio is achieved precisely by investigating the transmission coefficients related to each basis function carefully. Two antenna arrays working at 2.45 GHz are designed and fabricated to verify the method. The power division ratios of array 1 and array 2 are designed to be 1:1 and 1:2 when the transmission distance is 10 cm, and the measured results are 1:1 and 1:2.1, respectively.
Pin‐loaded circularly‐polarised patch antenna with sharpened gain roll‐off rate and widened 3‐dB axial ratio beamwidth
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhu Lei , Liu Neng‐Wu , Xie Dan‐Peng
Published: January 2018

A circularly‐polarised patch antenna with the loading of shorting pins is proposed in this study to sharpen the gain roll‐off shape and widen the 3‐dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW). First of all, it is theoretically revealed that when the electrical size of a circular patch radiator is appropriately constituted, the radiation gain at the horizon can be significantly suppressed and the axial ratio can be maintained below 3 dB over a wide angular range. By introducing a set of metallic pins, which short the patch in a circular contour, the resonant frequency of the antenna will be increased. In this way, the patch radius with respect to wavelength can be freely chosen, so that sharp gain roll‐off rate and wide ARBW can be simultaneously achieved. After the extensive analysis is executed, two circular patch antennas with and without loading of shorting pins are designed, fabricated and tested for comparison. Simulated and measured results show that the gain roll‐off is enhanced up to near 20 dB and 3‐dB ARBW is extended to around 140° so as to effectively reduce the undesired multipath interference as highly demanded in the application of global navigation satellite system.
Study on performance of bistatic circular synthetic aperture radar imaging using geometric diversity
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liao Guisheng , Xu Jingwei , Zhang Yuhong , Zhu Shengqi
Published: January 2018

Bistatic circular synthetic aperture radar (BCSAR) can realise super‐resolution imaging of the complex scenario and eliminate sheltering of the straight line wave propagation. However, BCSAR encounters the ring effect and high sidelobe problem due to the discontinuity of Fourier sampling space induced by the limited signal bandwidth, which causes severe performance degradation in the final image. In this study, the Fourier sampling theory is used as a new analytical tool to study the high sidelobe problem existed in BCSAR, and a new BCSAR scheme, referred to as geometric diversity‐based BCSAR (GD‐BCSAR) is introduced, then its sampled Fourier area (SFA) and image resolution are further analysed. GD‐BCSAR can overcome the limit of signal bandwidth and obtain a larger SFA. Therefore, the discontinuity of Fourier sampling space becomes weaker, which could reduce the ring effect and the sidelobe level significantly. The simulated results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the GD‐BCSAR scheme and corresponding performance analysis.
Extension of D‐TomoSAR for multi‐dimensional reconstruction based on polynomial phase signal
Authors: Liu Mei , Wang Zhigui , Wang Pengfei
Published: January 2018

Multi‐dimensional reconstruction of ground is one of the most important applications of differential synthetic aperture radar tomography (D‐TomoSAR) system. The ground deformation model is considered to be linear in classical D‐TomoSAR system model. However, the real deformation in practice is deviated from the linear model, and the deformation parameters cannot be estimated accurately by spectral estimation. Here, a polynomial deformation model is proposed to approach the real motion of the ground. Since the deformation history appears as a phase term in the model of D‐TomoSAR system, the corresponding model could be extended to a two‐dimensional (2D) polynomial phase signal (PPS) by introducing the polynomial deformation model. In addition, an effective method combining the 2D product high‐order ambiguity function with 2D‐RELAXation (RELAX) algorithm is provided to estimate the coefficients of this 2D‐PPS. Theoretical analyses and experimental results show that the ground elevation, linear and non‐linear motions can be both estimated accurately, and it is possible to separate scatterers distributed along the slant height within a resolution cell with the proposed method.
Low Pr‐doped Bi2O3 photocatalyst with long‐wavelength response: mechanisms by first‐principles calculation
Authors: Wang Guoying , Chen Xuefu , Li Lan , Shi Gaofeng
Published: January 2018

The low Pr‐doped Bi2O3 photocatalyst was prepared via the acrylamide polymerisation method. The photocatalytic activity of prepared samples was evaluated by degrading methyl orange under visible‐light irradiation. In comparison to α‐Bi2O3 nanoparticles, 4% Pr‐α‐Bi2O3 photocatalyst exhibit obviously enhanced photocatalytic performance. The theoretical calculation and experimental results show that Pr doping can extend the optical absorption range from 436 to 518 nm and improve the photocatalytic efficiency from 40.9 to 70.4%. This long‐wavelength response can be happened because of Pr doping that gives rise to the modification of electron structure and the hybridisation of the energy levels.
Large-scale dynamos in rapidly rotating plane layer convection
Authors: Bushby P. J. , Käpylä P. J. , Masada Y. , Brandenburg A. , Favier B. , Guervilly C. , Käpylä M. J.
Published: January 2018

Context.Convectively driven flows play a crucial role in the dynamo processes that are responsible for producing magnetic activity in stars and planets. It is still not fully understood why many astrophysical magnetic fields have a significant large-scale component.

Aims.Our aim is to investigate the dynamo properties of compressible convection in a rapidly rotating Cartesian domain, focusing upon a parameter regime in which the underlying hydrodynamic flow is known to be unstable to a large-scale vortex instability.

Methods.The governing equations of three-dimensional non-linear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are solved numerically. Different numerical schemes are compared and we propose a possible benchmark case for other similar codes.

Results.In keeping with previous related studies, we find that convection in this parameter regime can drive a large-scale dynamo. The components of the mean horizontal magnetic field oscillate, leading to a continuous overall rotation of the mean field. Whilst the large-scale vortex instability dominates the early evolution of the system, the large-scale vortex is suppressed by the magnetic field and makes a negligible contribution to the mean electromotive force that is responsible for driving the large-scale dynamo. The cycle period of the dynamo is comparable to the ohmic decay time, with longer cycles for dynamos in convective systems that are closer to onset. In these particular simulations, large-scale dynamo action is found only when vertical magnetic field boundary conditions are adopted at the upper and lower boundaries. Strongly modulated large-scale dynamos are found at higher Rayleigh numbers, with periods of reduced activity (grand minima-like events) occurring during transient phases in which the large-scale vortex temporarily re-establishes itself, before being suppressed again by the magnetic field.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for a Suprasellar Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Zenonos Georgios , Snyderman Carl , Gardner Paul
Published: January 2018

Objectives The current video presents the nuances of an endoscopic endonasal approach to a suprasellar craniopharyngioma.

Design The video analyzes the presentation, preoperative workup and imaging, surgical steps and technical nuances of the surgery, the clinical outcome, and follow-up imaging.

Setting The patient was treated by a skull base team consisting of a neurosurgeon and an ENT surgeon, at a teaching academic institution.

Participants The case refers to a 67-year-old man who presented with vision loss and headaches, and was found to have a suprasellar mass, with imaging characteristics consistent with a craniopharyngioma.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures consistent of the reversal of the patient symptoms (vision loss and headaches), the recurrence-free survival based on imaging, as well as the absence of any complications.

Results The patient's vision improved after the surgery; at his last follow-up there was no evidence of recurrence on imaging.

Conclusions The endoscopic endonasal approach is safe and effective in treating suprasellar craniopharyngiomas.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/p1VXbwnAWCo.
Orbitopterional Approach for the Resection of a Suprasellar Craniopharyngioma: Adapting the Strategy to the Microsurgical and Pathologic Anatomy
Authors: Nguyen Vincent , Basma Jaafar , Klimo Paul , Sorenson Jeffrey , Michael L.
Published: January 2018

Objectives To describe the orbitopterional approach for the resection of a suprasellar craniopharyngioma with emphasis on the microsurgical and pathological anatomy of such lesions.

Design After completing the orbitopterional craniotomy in one piece including a supraorbital ridge osteotomy, the Sylvian fissure was split in a distal to proximal direction. The ipsilateral optic nerve and internal carotid artery were identified. Establishing a corridor to the tumor through both the opticocarotid and optic cisterns allowed for a wide angle of attack. Using both corridors, a microsurgical gross total resection was achieved. A radical resection required transection of the stalk at the level of the hypothalamus. Photographs of the region are borrowed from Dr Rhoton's laboratory to illustrate the microsurgical anatomy. Understanding the cisternal and topographic relationships of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and internal carotid artery is critical to achieving gross total resection while preserving normal anatomy.

Participants The surgery was performed by the senior author assisted by Dr. Jaafar Basma. The video was edited by Dr. Vincent Nguyen.

Outcome Measures Outcome was assessed with extent of resection and postoperative visual function.

Results A gross total resection of the tumor was achieved. The patient had resolution of her bitemporal hemianopsia. She had diabetes insipidus with normal anterior pituitary function.

Conclusions Understanding the microsurgical anatomy of the suprasellar region and the pathological anatomy of craniopharyngiomas is necessary to achieve a good resection of these tumors. The orbitopterional approach provides the appropriate access for such endeavor.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Be6dtYIGqfs.
Bedeutung der Androgenrezeptor-Spleißvariante AR-V7 für Prognose und Therapie des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Thelen P. , Taubert H. , Duensing S. , Kristiansen G. , Merseburger A. S. , Cronauer M. V.
Published: January 2018

Ein kürzlich entdeckter Mechanismus, welcher es Prostatakarzinomzellen ermöglicht, die Wirkung endokriner Therapien zu umgehen, ist die Synthese C-terminal verkürzter, konstitutiv aktiver Androgenrezeptor(AR)-Spleißvarianten (AR-V). Ohne eine funktionsfähige C-terminal gelegene Hormon- bzw. Ligandenbindedomäne sind viele AR-Vs unempfindlich gegenüber Therapien, welche sich gegen die Androgen-/Androgenrezeptor-Signalachse richten. Erste Studien weisen darauf hin, dass AR-V7, die häufigste AR-V-Form, ein vielversprechender prädiktiver Tumormarker sowie relevanter Selektionsmarker bei der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms ist. Die vorliegende Übersicht skizziert jüngste Fortschritte bei der AR-V7 Diagnostik und präsentiert einen Überblick über derzeitig durchgeführte zielgerichtete AR-V7 Therapien.
Self-organized nickel nanoparticles on nanostructured silicon substrate intermediated by a titanium oxynitride (TiNxOy) interface
Authors: Morales M. , Droppa R. , de Mello S. R. S. , Figueroa C. A. , Zanatta A. R. , Alvarez F.
Published: January 2018

In this work we report an experimental approach by combining in situ sequential top-down and bottom-up processes to induce the organization of nanosized nickel particles. The top-down process consists in xenon ion bombardment of a crystalline silicon substrate to generate a pattern, followed by depositing a ∼15 nm titanium oxynitride thin film to act as a metallic diffusion barrier. Then, metallic nanoparticles are deposited by argon ion sputtering a pure nickel target, and the sample is annealed to promote the organization of the nickel nanoparticles (a bottom-up process). According to the experimental results, the surface pattern and the substrate biaxial surface strain are the driving forces behind the alignment and organization of the nickel nanoparticles. Moreover, the ratio between the F of metallic atoms arriving at the substrate relative to its surface diffusion mobility determines the nucleation regime of the nickel nanoparticles. These features are presented and discussed considering the existing technical literature on the subject.
Spin Seebeck effect and thermal spin galvanic effect in Ni80Fe20/p-Si bilayers
Authors: Bhardwaj Ravindra G. , Lou Paul C. , Kumar Sandeep
Published: January 2018

The development of spintronics and spin-caloritronics devices needs efficient generation, detection, and manipulation of spin current. The thermal spin current from the spin-Seebeck effect has been reported to be more energy efficient than the electrical spin injection methods. However, spin detection has been the one of the bottlenecks since metals with large spin-orbit coupling is an essential requirement. In this work, we report an efficient thermal generation and interfacial detection of spin current. We measured a spin-Seebeck effect in Ni80Fe20 (25 nm)/p-Si (50 nm) (polycrystalline) bilayers without a heavy metal spin detector. p-Si, having a centrosymmetric crystal structure, has insignificant intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, leading to negligible spin-charge conversion. We report a giant inverse spin-Hall effect, essential for the detection of spin-Seebeck effects, in the Ni80Fe20/p-Si bilayer structure, which originates from Rashba spin orbit coupling due to structure inversion asymmetry at the interface. In addition, the thermal spin pumping in p-Si leads to spin current from p-Si to the Ni80Fe20 layer due to the thermal spin galvanic effect and the spin-Hall effect, causing spin-orbit torques. The thermal spin-orbit torques lead to collapse of magnetic hysteresis of the 25 nm thick Ni80Fe20 layer. The thermal spin-orbit torques can be used for efficient magnetic switching for memory applications. These scientific breakthroughs may give impetus to the silicon spintronics and spin-caloritronics devices.
Investigation of mixing characteristics in strut injectors using modal decomposition
Authors: Soni Rahul Kumar , De Ashoke
Published: January 2018

Effect of a large-scale vortical structure on mixing and spreading of a shear layer is numerically investigated. Two strut configurations, namely, straight and tapered struts at two convective Mach numbers (Mc = 1.4 and 0.37) for two jet heights (0.6 and 1 mm) are investigated. The hydrogen jet is injected through a two-dimensional slot in oncoming coflow at Mach 2. An excellent agreement between simulated and experimental data is witnessed, whereas the instantaneous data reveal the presence of various large-scale structures in the flow field. From the instantaneous field, it becomes apparent that both the geometries have different vortical breakdown locations. It is also noticed that an early onset of vortex breakdown manifests itself into the mixing layer thickness enhancement, the effect of which is reflected in overall mixing characteristics. It becomes evident that the shear strength plays an important role in the near field mixing. The higher shear strength promotes the generation of large vortices. The analysis shows that the SS-0.6 case offers highest mixing efficiency being dominated by relatively large-scale structures. Eigenmodes obtained through Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) confirm the presence of dominating structures and shed light into the series of events involved in vortex pairing/merging and breakdown. Dynamic modal decomposition also strengthens the observation made through the POD.
Potential implementation of reservoir computing models based on magnetic skyrmions
Authors: Bourianoff George , Pinna Daniele , Sitte Matthias , Everschor-Sitte Karin
Published: January 2018

Reservoir Computing is a type of recursive neural network commonly used for recognizing and predicting spatio-temporal events relying on a complex hierarchy of nested feedback loops to generate a memory functionality. The Reservoir Computing paradigm does not require any knowledge of the reservoir topology or node weights for training purposes and can therefore utilize naturally existing networks formed by a wide variety of physical processes. Most efforts to implement reservoir computing prior to this have focused on utilizing memristor techniques to implement recursive neural networks. This paper examines the potential of magnetic skyrmion fabrics and the complex current patterns which form in them as an attractive physical instantiation for Reservoir Computing. We argue that their nonlinear dynamical interplay resulting from anisotropic magnetoresistance and spin-torque effects allows for an effective and energy efficient nonlinear processing of spatial temporal events with the aim of event recognition and prediction.
Bounds on the entanglement entropy of droplet states in the XXZ spin chain
Authors: Beaud V. , Warzel S.
Published: January 2018

We consider a class of one-dimensional quantum spin systems on the finite lattice Λ⊂Z, related to the XXZ spin chain in its Ising phase. It includes in particular the so-called droplet Hamiltonian. The entanglement entropy of energetically low-lying states over a bipartition Λ = B ∪ Bc is investigated and proven to satisfy a logarithmic bound in terms of min{n, |B|, |Bc|}, where n denotes the maximal number of down spins in the considered state. Upon addition of any (positive) random potential, the bound becomes uniformly constant on average, thereby establishing an area law. The proof is based on spectral methods: a deterministic bound on the local (many-body integrated) density of states is derived from an energetically motivated Combes–Thomas estimate.
Design optimization of high frequency transformer with controlled leakage inductance for current fed dual active bridge converter
Authors: Jung Tae-Uk , Kim Myung-Hwan , Yoo Jin-Hyung
Published: January 2018

Current fed dual active bridge converters for photovoltaic generation may typically require a given leakage or extra inductance in order to provide proper control of the currents. Therefore, the many researches have been focused on the leakage inductance control of high frequency transformer to integrate an extra inductor. In this paper, an asymmetric winding arrangement to get the controlled leakage inductance for the high frequency transformer is proposed to improve the efficiency of the current fed dual active bridge converter. In order to accurate analysis, a coupled electromagnetic analysis model of transformer connected with high frequency switching circuit is used. A design optimization procedure for high efficiency is also presented using design analysis model, and it is verified by the experimental result.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of turbulence trapped in geodesic acoustic modes
Authors: Sasaki M. , Kobayashi T. , Itoh K. , Kasuya N. , Kosuga Y. , Fujisawa A. , Itoh S.-I.
Published: January 2018

The spatio-temporal dynamics of turbulence with the interaction of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are investigated, focusing on the phase-space structure of turbulence, where the phase-space consists of real-space and wavenumber-space. Based on the wave-kinetic framework, the coupling equation between the GAM and the turbulence is numerically solved. The turbulence trapped by the GAM velocity field is obtained. Due to the trapping effect, the turbulence intensity increases where the second derivative of the GAM velocity (curvature of the GAM) is negative. While, in the positive-curvature region, the turbulence is suppressed. Since the trapped turbulence propagates with the GAMs, this relationship is sustained spatially and temporally. The dynamics of the turbulence in the wavenumber spectrum are converted in the evolution of the frequency spectrum, and the simulation result is compared with the experimental observation in JFT-2M tokamak, where the similar patterns are obtained. The turbulence trapping effect is a key to understand the spatial structure of the turbulence in the presence of sheared flows.
Nanoscale diffractive probing of strain dynamics in ultrafast transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Feist Armin , Rubiano da Silva Nara , Liang Wenxi , Ropers Claus , Schäfer Sascha
Published: January 2018

The control of optically driven high-frequency strain waves in nanostructured systems is an essential ingredient for the further development of nanophononics. However, broadly applicable experimental means to quantitatively map such structural distortion on their intrinsic ultrafast time and nanometer length scales are still lacking. Here, we introduce ultrafast convergent beam electron diffraction with a nanoscale probe beam for the quantitative retrieval of the time-dependent local deformation gradient tensor. We demonstrate its capabilities by investigating the ultrafast acoustic deformations close to the edge of a single-crystalline graphite membrane. Tracking the structural distortion with a 28-nm/700-fs spatio-temporal resolution, we observe an acoustic membrane breathing mode with spatially modulated amplitude, governed by the optical near field structure at the membrane edge. Furthermore, an in-plane polarized acoustic shock wave is launched at the membrane edge, which triggers secondary acoustic shear waves with a pronounced spatio-temporal dependency. The experimental findings are compared to numerical acoustic wave simulations in the continuous medium limit, highlighting the importance of microscopic dissipation mechanisms and ballistic transport channels.