bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing Strategies and Export Risks of Russian Higher Education in Conditions of Geopolitical Instability
Authors:   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Zuenkova Yulia , Arakelova Irina ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Starokozheva Galina ,   Volgograd State University
Published: January 2023

The article describes the problem of export promotion of Russian higher education in the context of geopolitical instability. It is assumed that the reasonable use of marketing tools, the development and implementation of a marketing strategy, has a positive impact on the formation of the brand of an educational institution in the international market. The goals outlined in the study require theoretical substantiation and development of recommendations for competitiveness improvement of Russian higher education institutions. The authors analyzed the “client path” in the digital environment, the process of interaction in the Internet of a potential student at the points of contact with the university, as well as the factors affecting the public image of the university, the satisfaction of consumers of educational services in the field of higher professional education. The relevance of this approach is due not only to the digital transformation of the higher education system, but also to the internationalization of educational services. It was found that content marketing and a website are becoming a key success factor in positioning a university in the international market of educational services, starting with the Internet resources and ending with online interaction with potential students. The phenomenon of brand disloyalty is described; the “country effect” and the risks associated with the moral avoidance of Russian universities’ brands by foreign applicants are analyzed. The practical application of strategies for overcoming brand disloyalty is discussed - brand transformation, diversification, avoidance, brand strengthening and reputation restoration. Geographically promising segments for the promotion of higher education are suggested; options for digital marketing and relationship marketing to promote university education, along with the role of corporate culture and multicultural diversity are shown.
Structure Analysis of Government Subsidies for Reclamation Industry Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation in Territorial Aspect
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigation Systems and Agricultural Water Supply “Raduga”, Ugryumova Alexandra , Grishaeva Olesya ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigation Systems and Agricultural Water Supply “Raduga”
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the distribution of government financial support for land reclamation in the territory of the national economy of the Russian Federation. When economic sanctions were applied to Russia, the issues of food supply and import substitution become the most important task of the country’s economic development. The provision of federal funds to agricultural firms in the form of subsidies allows us to realize such goals as: partial compensation for crop insurance costs, for the purchase of compound animal feeding stuff materials, for the payment of interest on loans, as well as for reclamation and for the involvement of unused land in agricultural turnover. At the same time, the restrictive nature of subsidies provided contributes to their rational use. The use of state support for land reclamation organizations not only increases the financial and economic opportunities for their development, but also leads to the replacement of the own funds of organizations with state financial resources, which often results in an increase in the effectiveness of their work. In this regard, the implementation of legislation regulating the development of the reclamation industry of the agroindustrial complex of Russia in 2019–2022 by federal districts is assessed. The analysis made it possible to identify the leaders and outsiders among the subjects of the flows of government subsidies in the territory of the country, to identify the patterns and reasons for the subsidy development, to identify the most characteristic problems of the implementation of state financing in the reclamation industry in the territories. The article emphasizes that, despite the variety of subsidies to the reclamation industry of the country, they are not enough to increase dramatically the productivity of national agriculture.
Export of Russian Agricultural Products: Experience of Southern Russian Territories and New Development Opportunities
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mitrofanova Inna , Shkarupa Ekaterina ,   Volgograd State University, Batova Vera ,   Penza State Technological University
Published: January 2023

The implementation of the Federal project “Export of agricultural products” strengthens and expands the export potential of the country, contributing to positions’ strengthening in the ranking of the world’s major exporters. Over the past three years, the Russian Federation has risen by three points, taking 17th rank in this aspect. This result was predetermined by the accepted and implemented concepts of agricultural products’ promotion to foreign markets. In turn, they allow us to increase export revenue, implement investment projects, modernize existing sites and open new production lines. The article demonstrates the dynamics of exports of agricultural products, presents the structure and volume of exports of agricultural products by regions of the Southern Federal District, studies the increase in exports. The given statistical indicators of exports of products in the context of industries confirm the expanding potential of the regions of the Southern Federal District. The investment opportunities for the export of agricultural products of Russia were studied; conclusions were drawn about the restriction of the implementation of export projects by small and medium-sized businesses due to the lack of financial resources. It is of interest to create a concept of a national distributor of agro-industrial complex products, contributing to the expansion of exports in target markets and entering new ones. Solving the current problems of prospective exporters (insufficient experience in organizing the process of deliveries to retail chains, lack of connections and contacts with foreign buyers, barriers in finding appropriate foreign partners, high logistics costs (mainly when shipping batches of trial products), a fairly low level of marketing support and expertise in promotion) will also be included in the main tasks of the national distributor. Realizing the importance in the development of such a mechanism, the task of the state is to expand financial support measures for enterprises involved in the promotion of agricultural products in this way.
Regional Aspects of Market Value Formation of Land in Zones with Special Conditions of Territorial Use
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Kolpakova Nataliya
Published: January 2023

The relevance of the issues of assessment activity analyzed in the article is due to the need to take into account various pricing factors in determining the cadastral value of land plots. One of them is the presence of zones with special conditions for the use of territories (protective, sanitary-protective, cultural and other conditions), which affect not only the development of the market value of land, but also the investment attractiveness of their development. In the assessment of zones with special conditions for the use of territories, various methodological approaches and the corresponding methodological tools are used. The most scientific substantiation of them was obtained by such approaches as comparison of sales prices of similar land plots, capitalization of net operating or rental incomes, accounting for land improvement costs. In the list of methods used, methods of qualitative assessment, methods for taking into account restrictions in the development of a site, and methods for income loss can be found. In order to take into account the regional aspect of the location of the zones of special territorial use, monitoring of the protected zones of cultural heritage sites of the Republic of Crimea was carried out. The use of the method of pair sales and a comparative approach to the evaluation of land plots located in these areas was justified. The test of the suggested method for value assessment of land in zones with special conditions for the use of the territories of the Republic of Crimea made it possible to take into account the peculiarities of the impact of the buffer zone in a particular location. This ensured that there was no risk of distorting the final value of the market value of the land. The obtained results indicate the need to use the conditions of security restrictions in the development of the zones of special territorial use for the purpose of the justification of the most efficient use of free land plots, the status of which may differ by the type of allowed use established in the state register of real estate.
Clusters as a Framework of Innovative Development of Regional Economy Under Sanctions
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Shakhovskaya Larisa , Goncharova Elena ,   Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) of Volgograd State Technical University
Published: January 2023

In this article the authors analyze the issues of innovative development of the regional economy that are important and relevant for today’s realities in a dynamically changing external environment and sanctions policy. The main attention is paid to the processes and factors of clustering, as well as improvement of interaction efficiency between universities and enterprises, taking into account the digitalization of the economy. The purpose of the study in this paper is to analyze the factors of innovative development of regions with the help of a cluster-type technological infrastructure. The characteristics of the effective functioning of clusters are studied, which can provide an increase in the efficiency of the processes of interaction between entrepreneurs and universities. The authors also analyzed potential ways of digital technologies use to strengthen the integration between technological entrepreneurship and educational organizations, primarily the leading regional universities. In accordance with the goal, the article details the following research objectives: characterization of the features of innovative development of regional economy under sanctions; analysis of competitive advantages arising from the use of digital economy methods; analysis of the clusters functioning and the impact of innovative entrepreneurship; grouping criteria that determine the degree of efficiency of integration of enterprises and universities. The research methodology is based on the application of the principles of a systematic approach, scientific comparison, retrospective and prospective analysis. In the context of the sanctions policy and within import substitution in the economy, the appearance of national innovation system of the Russian Federation and further development of domestic scientific and technical potential, the effective commercialization of the results and achievements of research and development determine the prerequisite for the growth of the efficiency of innovative activities of entrepreneurship and, first of all, its active and direct participants – small and medium innovation-oriented enterprises. The characteristic of the industry is also presented and on its basis an analysis of the competitive advantages of Volgograd region was carried out. Further, the article discusses the features of the role of innovative potential of enterprises in the interaction between universities and entrepreneurship, identifying the main criteria for the effectiveness of the integration of universities and enterprises.
Optimization Directions for Tax and Budget Legislation of the Russian Federation in the Context of Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Taranova Irina , Nazarova Natalia ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Revunov Roman ,   Southern Federal University
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the current tax and budget legislation of the Russian Federation regarding taxes and fees paid by economic agents in connection with the natural economic activities, in the context of achievement of sustainable development goals established by the strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation. The shortcomings of the current fiscal mechanism were identified. They are in particular as follows: lack of financial resources at the regional and local levels to the elimination of environmental damage accumulated as a result of environmental activities of economic entities at the micro- and mesoeconomic levels; long term, as well as the complicated character of administrative procedures related to the analysis of applications from local governments and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the allocation of funds from the federal budget for the implementation of environmental projects and programs. The author’s suggestions for mechanism improvement of the distribution of environmental taxes and fees between the levels of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, tax legislation improvement of the Russian Federation, taking into account the requirements of sustainable development are substantiated. The forecasted social, environmental and economic effect is as follows. A toolkit is being developed to encourage nature users for the practical implementation of innovative resource-saving technical and technological solutions in environmental management practice that can reduce the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems. Federal entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities receive additional financial resources that allow them to implement environmental projects and programs at their own expense. The managerial burden on the federal administrative apparatus is reduced. The quality of life of citizens is obviously improved. The results of the study can find practical application in government authorities of the Russian Federation, federal entities of the Russian Federation, local governments in the development of the main directions of tax and budget policy, environmental projects and programs.
Experience in Cluster Policy Implementation in Asia and Latin America
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Petrova Elena , Tomashevskaya Yulia ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: January 2023

In recent years the development of clusters on the territory of the Russian Federation became one of the most important tools for the development of an innovative and competitive economy, which is supported by the relevant legal framework, developed primarily at the federal level. The complicated political situation which emerged at the global level, makes us to revise the previously used approaches to the implementation of cluster policy, and dictates the search for new tools for the development of regional and national clusters of all types. In this regard, the experience of non-European countries which also use the cluster approach becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of cluster policy implementation in the countries of Asia and Latin America. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of induction, analysis, synthesis, and comparison were used. The analysis revealed the features of cluster policy models in the countries under analysis; clarified the goals, stages of implementation and the main agents of cluster policy in Japan, China, South Korea, Brazil and Mexico; suggested conclusions on cluster policies implementation in Russia, which can be used by public authorities within their powers. Particular attention is paid to the industry of developing clusters, their composition, and the role of government in this process, the direction of policies and stages of implementation of cluster support tools. One of the main conclusions is that the cluster policy in the more developed countries of Asia has a clear innovative orientation with a view to world leadership, while developing countries use clusters, primarily as a tool to address social issues, and to support exports.
East African Transport Infrastructure: The Cases of Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania
Authors:   College of Business and Economics, Samara University, Abdulkadr Ahmed , Juma Leanard ,   Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gogo Adol ,   Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Neszmélyi György ,   Budapest Business School – University of Applied Sciences
Published: January 2023

East African region is one of the underdeveloped regions in the world with untapped natural resources. With the increase in population size, countries’ infrastructural development is a key in assuring sustainable development and hence assures food security. Although the region has a huge economic development potential, yet it is well characterized with high poverty level. This study therefore focuses on critically reviewing the existing literatures on accessibility, quality and challenges of road and air transport infrastructure in the region and its importance for regional integration focusing on Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Graphs are used to describe the secondary data obtained from World Bank. Hence, insufficient transport facilities, high cost of infrastructure development and poor transport management are the main challenges in the region. Transport facilities promote production of goods and services and ensure their proper distribution channel to avoid regional inequalities and scarcity of goods and services. The quality of both road and air transport in Kenya is better than in Ethiopia and Tanzania with value of above world median index. Moreover, improving the overall system of the transport infrastructure will play a significant impact on the economic development of respective countries and the region. In conclusion, with the increased flow of population and trade integration between countries, transportation access and system of implementing institutions need to be improved.
Evaluation of bioactive compounds of plants used in Mexico, to predict potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors: Analysis between two molecular docking servers
Authors: Torres León Cristian , Cárdenas-Hernández Eliseo , Velazquez-Medina Erika G. , Aguirre-Joya Jorge A. , Aguillón-Gutierrez David R. , Pedroza-Escobar David , Ramírez-Guzmán Nathiely , Aguilar Cristóbal N. , Torres-León Cristian
Published: January 2023

Plants traditionally used for their antiviral activity could be an alternative against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the efficacy of 10 bioactive plant compounds commonly used in Mexico against COVID-19 was evaluated by molecular docking with two online servers: COVID-19 Docking Server and DockThor. Remdesivir was used as a control. The results showed that Cypellocarpin B, Cypellocarpin C, Luteolin 7-glucoside and Syringetin glucopyranoside showed the highest affinity towards viral proteins Mpro and RdRp respect to Remdesivir. Comparison of molecular docking servers showed differences in the docking motors and proteins available on each server. The use of bioactive compounds represents an alternative for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
A Survey of Zero-shot Generalisation in Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kirk Robert , Zhang Amy , Grefenstette Edward , Rocktäschel Tim
Published: January 2023

The study of zero-shot generalisation (ZSG) in deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to produce RL algorithms whose policies generalise well to novel unseen situations at deployment time, avoiding overfitting to their training environments. Tackling this is vital if we are to deploy reinforcement learning algorithms in real world scenarios, where the environment will be diverse, dynamic and unpredictable. This survey is an overview of this nascent field. We rely on a unifying formalism and terminology for discussing different ZSG problems, building upon previous works. We go on to categorise existing benchmarks for ZSG, as well as current methods for tackling these problems. Finally, we provide a critical discussion of the current state of the field, including recommendations for future work. Among other conclusions, we argue that taking a purely procedural content generation approach to benchmark design is not conducive to progress in ZSG, we suggest fast online adaptation and tackling RL-specific problems as some areas for future work on methods for ZSG, and we recommend building benchmarks in underexplored problem settings such as offline RL ZSG and reward-function variation.
Impacts of Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Kim Zu-Kweon , Kim Choo-Yeon
Published: January 2023

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to shed new light on the impacts of FDI by multinational corporations on the economic growth of the host country. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study compares and analyzes the different impacts of existing FDI inflows and local added value creation of multinational corporations on the per capita national income of the host country. In addition, this study conducted a fixed-effects panel model analysis on a sample of 42 countries from 2005 to 2016 of the OECD's Analytical AMNE database. Findings – First, as a result of panel analysis of a fixed-effect model that controlled for the effects of individual countries and major macroeconomic and policy variables, the share of local value-added creation of subsidiaries of multinational corporations had a significant positive impact on the growth of per capita income in each country, but the share of FDI inflows did not have a statistically significant impact on the growth of per capita national income. Second, the results of analysis by dividing the sample into developed and developing countries also confirmed that the share of local value-added creation of subsidiaries of multinational corporations has a positive effect on economic growth in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the impact of FDI on economic growth is greater in developing countries than in developed countries. On the other hand, the share of FDI inflows had a positive effect on the economic growth of developing countries, but had no significant effect on the economic growth of developed countries. Research Implications – In identifying the relationship between FDI and national economic growth, it was confirmed that the use of the OECD's Analytical AMNE statistics is more appropriate than traditional FDI data.
The Antecedent Factors Influencing Long-term Relationship Orientation in Overseas B2B Markets
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Zhang Hao , Park Yeung-Kurn , Zhang Xueting
Published: January 2023

Purpose – Based on the past overseas business experiences of China Business to Business (B2B) enterprises, this study focuses on the influence of relationship marketing factors on the long-term relationship orientation of trading partners. First, this study discusses whether the relationship marketing factors in B2B environment-information sharing, customer orientation and interdependence will lead to the relationship satisfaction of enterprise customers. Then, it discusses whether relationship satisfaction leads to long-term relationship orientation of corporate customers. Finally, the mediating role of relationship satisfaction between relationship marketing factors and long-term relationship orientation is analyzed. Design/Methodology/Approach – The data were collected through questionnaires, and the persons in charge of sales and purchases of 350 B2B enterprises in China were investigated. Finally, 296 valid questionnaires were used for research and analysis. Findings – The analysis results of this study are summarized as follows: First, this study reveals the positive influence of relationship marketing factors such as information sharing, customer orientation and interdependence on relationship satisfaction. Second, relationship satisfaction is confirmed to have a positive impact on long-term relationship orientation. Third, the analysis of the mediating effect of relationship satisfaction shows that “relationship marketing factors lead to long-term relationship orientation through relationship satisfaction. Research Implications – This study confirms that information sharing, customer orientation, and interdependence are key factors that shape relationship satisfaction. Managers of B2B companies should have a clear understanding of relationship marketing. All policies and behaviors of an enterprise must be guided by the interests and needs of enterprise customers and ran through the entire process of production and marketing. Enterprises should strengthen two-way communication with corporate customers to understand each other’s needs and gradually form interdependent relationships with corporate customers. They should provide customers with comprehensive and thoughtful services, so that they can have a sense of identity and belonging to the enterprise, and then achieve relationship satisfaction and be willing to maintain a long-term relationship.
Moving
Authors: Burdett Carolyn
Published: January 2023

The gallery space is full of static objects but also of movement. This is the space Vernon Lee sought to understand, theorizing and experimenting about how art moves. Lee is enlisted here to help look at movement in one of Walter Sickert’s music-hall paintings.
Werner Deconvolution Technique for the Interpretation of Residual Aeromagnetic Anomalies of Igbeti Schist Belt; Implication for Marble Exploration
Authors: Olatunji Saminu , Adebisi Warith Adewale
Published: January 2023

DOI:10.17014/ijog.9.2.209-217Determination of the straight down range of geologic formation between geographic latitude 8.30 0N to 9 0N and longitude 3.30 0E to 4.30 0E of the Igbeti schist belt became a thing of interest due to the on-going exploration in the region. Aeromagnetic field intensity anomaly data of the bound were then acquired, separated off regional field and a corresponding residual map obtained was later used applying Werner deconvolution method filtering tool. Three magnetic profiles were selected and labelled for the interpretation on the residual anomalies. The result shows that the depth to magnetic source has a maximum value of 1,000 m toward the subsurface in all the profiles selected, indicating the shallow nature of the magnetic source in the area. Based on the structural index shown, it further reveals solutions for contact and dyke which indicates that there are boundaries which separate rocks from one another and the presence of dyke formation. The implication of identical signature from all profiles is that the marble deposit is relative uniform extending to a great depth in the area.
What are Large Global Banks Doing About Climate Change?
Authors: Beltran Daniel O. , Bensen Hannah , Kvien Amy , McDevitt Erin , Sanz Monica V. , Uysal Pinar
Published: January 2023

We review the "climate action plans" of Global Systemically Important Banks (GSIBs) and the progress they are making toward achieving them. G-SIBs have identified the drivers of climate risk and their transmission channels to credit and other risks. Additionally, some have started to measure and model these risks. While most GSIBs have committed to fully offsetting their emissions by mid-century, they are only beginning to measure financed emissions resulting from their loans and investments, which comprise the vast majority of their emissions. G-SIBs have also committed to increase green finance and have started to do so. All told, despite some progress by large global banks to address climate change considerations, much work lies ahead to properly measure and disclose climate-related risks, and to better align financing activities with their net-zero targets.
Comprehensive assessment of flotation reagents by their influence on metal losses and flotation selectivity
Authors: Bragin V. I. , Burdakova E. A. , Usmanova N. F. , Kinyakin A. I.
Published: January 2023

The paper proposes a method for quick estimation of the average floatability of minerals according to the kinetic experiment, without finding the flotation spectrum where first moments of distribution are calculated by the coefficients of the polynomial approximation of the kinetic curve in the logarithmic form. An example of copper-nickel ore demonstrated that this method is effective in the multiparameter problem of comparative assessment of reagents. The ten parameters assessed included the average floatability of target minerals (chalcopyrite and pentlandite), pyrrhotite and rock; flotation selectivity coefficients of target minerals relative to pyrrhotite and rock; levels of copper and nickel losses with bulk flotation tailings. Interdependencies of parameters were visualized using diagrams showing the effect of flotation reagents on the groups of parameters: average floatability, selectivity coefficients, metal losses and selectivity relative to rock. The influence of butyl xanthate, aerofloat, diesel fuel, as well as gangue depressants – carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and acidified water glass (with a total consumption of collectors, diesel fuel, acidified water glass and CMC of 130 g/t, 5–10 g/t, 200 g/t, and 500 g/t, respectively) on the estimated parameters under collective flotation conditions was determined. It was found that the addition of aerofloat and diesel fuel to the main reagent collector – xanthate – increases the flotation selectivity of pentlandite and chalcopyrite relative to pyrrhotite and rock-forming component. The introduction of acidified water glass into the reagent scheme increases the flotation selectivity of nickel and copper sulfides relative to the rock. CMC additives impair the selectivity of copper flotation. The quantitative effects of each individual parameter were taken into account in the integral rating assessment of the prospects of using reagent combinations for copper-nickel ore by a set of ten parameters. The method proposed can be further used for the mass comparative evaluation of flotation reagents.
Autoclave dissolution of platinum metals in hydrochloric acid oxidizing media
Authors: Belousova N. V. , Belousov O. V. , Borisov R. V. , Akimenko A. A.
Published: January 2023

The paper provides the results obtained in the study of the features of metallic platinum, rhodium and iridium dissolution in hydrochloric acid solutions under hydrothermal autoclave conditions. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidizing agent. Solid and liquid phases were brought into contact after reaching a predetermined temperature, which is critically important in the study of rhodium black and platinum plate dissolution kinetics due to the high rates of these processes. The concentrations of metals in solutions were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The forms of rhodium, iridium, and platinum chlorocomplexes in solutions were determined using the spectrophotometric method. As a result of the experiments, the conditions of platinum plate and rhodium quantitative dissolution (in the form of affined powder and a plate) were determined and it was shown that at 210 °C in 6M hydrochloric acid as a medium with the addition of 5 vol.% hydrogen peroxide, iridium taken in the form of affined powder went into the solution by 50 % within more than 50 h, while the platinum plate dissolved completely at 130 °C in about 120 min. Kinetic data analysis using the shrinking core model showed that rhodium black and affined rhodium and iridium powders dissolve under autoclave conditions in a kinetic mode. The results obtained can be used both in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of inert platinum metals and in refining production to improve the technology for processing raw materials containing platinum group metals (PGMs) and to optimize approaches to the synthesis of pure chlorocomplex compounds of PGMs.
Comparative studies of the discharge of hydronium ions on zinc, copper and aluminum cathodes
Authors: Kolesnikov A. V. , Ageenko E. I.
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical reduction of hydrogen (hydronium ion) was carried out on zinc, aluminum and copper cathodes from acidic aqueous solutions containing sulfuric acid (0.09, 0.18 and 0.36 mol/l) to study the effect of electrolyte acidity, the type of cathodes used and potential values on electrolysis indicators. The studies were carried out on the potentiostat using a three-electrode cell under conditions of intensive electrolyte stirring with a magnetic stirrer. At the initial stage, electrolysis was performed in the following modes: potentiodynamic measurements at a sweep rate of 1 mV/s in the potential range Е = –(700÷850) mV on a copper and aluminum electrode and Е = –(1000÷1150) mV on a zinc electrode. In the indicated potential range, hydronium discharge parameters at each cathode were calculated: Tafel slope, apparent transfer coefficients and exchange currents. Dependences of these parameters on electrolyte acidity were considered. Average values of steady state potentials were obtained, which, similar to the apparent exchange current, significantly depended on the cathode material: –923.1 mV (zinc cathode); +36.1 mV (copper cathode), and –603.7 mV (aluminum cathode) (AgCl/Ag). The effect of surfactants on all the kinetic parameters considered was shown. The order of the reaction with and without surfactant additives was determined. At the next stage, the electrochemical parameters of hydronium discharge on the copper electrode only were compared. It was shown that the electrochemical parameters significantly depend on the cathodic potential range where they are determined, and on the methods used for their calculation. It was noted that the process proceeds in the region of mixed kinetics. As the electrode polarization decreases, the hydrogen discharge mechanism changes, while the proportion of electrochemical kinetics will increase in the region of mixed kinetics. We suppose that the data obtained can also be of practical importance for the zinc electrolysis technology. The data obtained in this research on the electrochemical parameters of hydrogen discharge in a wide range of potentials on cathodes made of different metals as well as on the effect of electrolyte acidity on the behavior of surfactants during electrolysis will expand knowledge about the zinc electrolysis technology.
Effect of laser surface modification on the structure and mechanical properties of Al–8%Ca, Al–10%La, Al–10%Ce, and Al–6%Ni eutectic aluminum alloys
Authors: Rogachev S. O. , Naumova E. A. , Komissarov A. A. , Vasina M. A. , Pavlov M. D. , Tokar’ A. A.
Published: January 2023

Additive manufacturing, which includes a set of technologies for manufacturing complex-shaped products with the required set of properties, is currently widely developed. Most additive technologies are associated with the manufacture of the product by melting and fusion of metal powder particles due to laser irradiation. Al–Ca, Al–Ce, Al–La, and Al–Ni eutectic aluminum alloys featuring excellent casting properties are supposedly promising for use in additive technologies. However, there is very little information on the effect of laser processing on such eutectic structures in the literature. In this regard, the paper investigated the effect of laser irradiation on the structure and mechanical properties of samples made of eutectic compositions, namely Al–8%Ca, Al–10%La, Al–10%Ce, and Al–6%Ni. This was achieved by continuous laser modification of their surfaces. The hardening level was evaluated by measuring the microhardness of the modified surface. The mechanisms of sample fracture under tensile testing were established. It was shown that the distribution of the second component in the structure of modified sample surfaces of all the four alloys becomes more uniform compared to the base metal structure. In the Al–8%Ca alloy, the greatest hardening effect was observed, which, however, contributes to embrittlement under tensile stress. However, the modified Al–8%Ca alloy is of interest because of its increased hardness and possibly increased wear resistance. On the contrary, laser modification of the Al–10%Ce, Al–10%La, and Al–6%Ni alloy sample surfaces provides a lower hardening effect, but increases their tensile strength with the formation of a ductile or mixed ductile-brittle fracture. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using the Al–Ca, Al–Ce, Al–La, and Al–Ni alloys in additive manufacturing.
Physical methods of processing melts of metal matrix composites: Сurrent state and prospects
Authors: Deev V. B. , Prusov E. S. , Ri E. Kh.
Published: January 2023

This review focuses on the known theoretical and experimental results in the field of obtaining metal matrix composite materials by processing the melts using physical methods in the conditions of casting and metallurgical processes. The possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of various physical impact methods are considered from the standpoint of their effect on the structural and morphological characteristics, physicomechanical and operational properties of cast composite materials based on aluminum and its alloys. The paper provides a classification and a detailed description of physical methods used for melt processing when obtaining metal matrix composites depending on the melt state during processing (melting, pouring and crystallization) and according to the physical principle of the effects applied (thermal, electromagnetic, cavitation, mechanical, etc). The paper describes a contemporary view of the laws and mechanisms of the effect exerted by melt processing using physical methods on the structure and phase formation processes of as-cast metal matrix composites. The currently known effects of the impact on their structure are described from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, in particular, effects associated with a change in the wettability of particles, their distribution, dispersion and morphology, as well as with a change in the structural state of the matrix material. The paper systematizes the data on the properties of metal matrix composites obtained using physical impacts on the melt during melting and crystallization. The research shows the prospects for the development and practical application of physical impact methods for melts in the production of metal matrix composites based on various matrix materials and reinforcement systems including endogenously, exogenously and integrally reinforced composite materials. Priority areas of theoretical research and experimental development are discussed highlighting discussion areas and issues in the field of obtaining metal matrix composites using physical impacts on melts during melting and crystallization. Areas for future research in this field are proposed based on the systematic analysis of key problems limiting the widespread industrial use of physical methods for melt processing.
Strength and fracture resistance of quartz fibers with polyimide coatings
Authors: Bulatov M. I. , Shatsov A. A.
Published: January 2023

Polyimide coatings currently provide the highest performance properties of quartz fibers. The purpose of this research is to determine the strength, hardness, dynamic fatigue, performance period and crack resistance of optical fibers with polyimide coatings. The strength limit of fibers determined by the method of axial stretching over the distance between capstans of 500 mm was 4.8–6.0 GPa at a loading speed of 10–500 mm/min. W. Weibull distribution curves were plotted in coordinates that relate the probability of failure to the strength, fiber length, and parameter describing the ultimate strength. The dynamic fatigue parameter n was found, which in physical sense corresponds to the slope tgα equal to 1/(1+n) in double logarithmic coordinates. Hardness and crack resistance values of quartz fibers were measured by indentation. Crack resistance K1c was calculated using the A. Niihara semi-empirical dependence, which connects the indentation size, radial crack length, and crack resistance. The initial crack length was calculated and the size of the characteristic defect was determined using scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that polyimide coated fibers maintain thermal stability up to 450 °С. The service life of optical fibers was determined based on the dynamic fatigue data, and it amounted to at least 25 years at a load of 0.2 GPa. The greater the difference between the lower strength level and the upper one in the stretch tests of fiber segments, the higher the distribution parameter m describing the ultimate strength of optical fibers. The values of this parameter are determined by the fiber quality: m = 50÷100 for coated fibers and m = 1÷5 for uncoated ones.
Thermally coupled SHS processes in (Ni + Al)/(Co + Ti)/(Ni + Al) layered system: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Gabbasov R. M. , Kitler V. D. , Prokof’ev V. G. , Shul’pekov A. M.
Published: January 2023

The paper focuses on the theoretical and experimental study of the mechanisms of reaction mixture combustion in the ≪chemical oven≫ mode in a three-layer Ni–Al/Ti–Co/Ni–Al sample. Experimental studies were carried out in a reactor in an argon atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and an ambient temperature of 298 K on rectangular samples pressed from Ni–Al and Ti–Co powder mixtures in the form of a three-layer package. The Ti–Co acceptor layer was in the middle of the sample, and the Ni–Al donor layer was outside. The acceptor layer thickness was varied from 4.3 to 13 mm, while the donor layer thickness (4.7 mm) remained constant. It was found that as the acceptor layer thickness increases, the combustion wave front propagation velocity and reaction initiation temperature decrease, and the maximum temperature in the front remains constant and equal to the melting point of the final product. The time of acceptor layer heating before the reaction increases. The acceptor mixture reaction proceeds in the thermal explosion mode when the thickness of the acceptor layer exceeds that of the donor one. Maximum temperature in this case is higher than the melting point of the final product. The inner layer synthesis modes change with an increase in the acceptor layer thickness: stationary – pulsating – extinction. The mathematical model of the three-layer sample high-temperature synthesis in dimensional variables is constructed taking into account heat transfer with the environment. As a result of experimental studies and numerical calculations, the critical thickness of the inner layer was found to be 15 mm, at which the inner layer combustion becomes impossible at fixed sizes of donor layers. Critical conditions for the combustion wave propagation along the acceptor layer are weakly dependent on the external heating source. The experimental technique and mathematical model of the layered system combustion can be used to assess the critical conditions for the metal composite synthesis in the frontal combustion mode.
Porous structure features of carbon materials with extended-surface
Authors: Gorina V. A. , Cheblakova E. G.
Published: January 2023

The article provides a general overview of the production methods and applications of carbon materials with a large specific surface area. The following materials were taken as objects for the study: SK-AG-3 granular activated carbon produced by OJSC «Sorbents of Kuzbass», Kemerovo, activated cellulose fiber produced by the Krasnoyarsk Chemical Fiber Plant after carbonation, graphitization, and gas-phase activation at 900 °C in carbon dioxide current, Busofit-T carbon fabric produced by OJSC «SvetlogorskKhimvolokno», thermally expanded fluorinated graphite produced by OJSC «Siberian Chemical Combine». The porous structure of these materials was investigated by low-temperature volumetric nitrogen adsorption at the ASAP 2020 unit. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms were recorded in a relative pressure range of p/p0= 0.05÷1.0 at 77 K. The specific surface area was estimated by the BET method based on the adsorption isotherm at p/p0= 0.05÷0.30. The specific surface area was 485, 1241, 1156 and 290.5 m2/g for activated carbon, activated carbon fibers, Busofit-T fabric and thermally expanded graphite, respectively. The volume of mesopores and their size distribution were calculated by the Barrett-Joyner-Нalenda (BJH) method in a pressure range of p/p0= 0.35÷0.95. The volume of micropores and their size distribution were calculated by the Horvath-Kawazoe method using the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm in a relative pressure range of p/p0= 0.00÷0.01. These methods were also used to determine the average diameter of mesopores and micropores. A comparative analysis of the results obtained was carried out. A relationship between the internal structure of the investigated materials and the porous structure properties was traced. It was shown that activated carbon, fibers, and carbon fabrics are microporous materials, and thermally expanded graphite has a mesoporous structure.
Radar-absorbing composite materials based on ferrite powders
Authors: Benderskiy G. P. , Molostova Yu. M. , Rumyantsev P. A. , Serebryannikov S. V. , Serebryannikov S. S.
Published: January 2023

The paper studies the effect of particle sizes of hexagonal ferrite powders on their electrodynamic properties. SrTi0.2Co0.2Fe11.6O19 and BaSc0.2Fe11.8O19 hexaferrites were used as the objects of research. Grinding in a high-energy planetary mill for up to 60 minutes made it possible to obtain hexaferrite powder particles with the average size successively decreasing from 1.5–2 μm to 0.05–0.15 μm. A scanning electron microscope was used for the analysis. Samples were prepared in a mixture with a polymer binder (70% ferrite + 30% polymer), and their electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbing capacity was studied in the microwave range from 30 to 50 GHz. It was shown that there is practically no peak corresponding to ferrimagnetic resonance in the composite with ferrite, with a decrease in the average particle size of BaSc0.2Fe11.8O19 hexaferrite powders to 50–150 nm. The dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the magnetic permeability and dielectric constant are given in the frequency range from 107 to 109 Hz. There was no domain wall resonance in the frequency dependence of magnetic losses for a ferrite-based composite mechanically activated for 60 min. SrTi0.2Co0.2Fe11.6O19 ferrite was milled in a bead mill to particles with an average size of 150–300 nm, and then to drying, pressing, sintering at 1360 °С and subsequent grinding to a size of 200–500 μm to obtain similar composites in a bond with a polymer. It was found that the properties of compositions change significantly with a change in the magnetic component synthesis technology: no resonant pattern of EMR absorption was observed. The Curie temperature was measured using the Faraday method. It was shown that it is ~340 °С for the studied material. Therefore, the effect of precursor milling on changes in magnetocrystalline anisotropy was identified.