bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimated Loss of Lifetime Employment Duration for Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu-Tzu , Wang Fuhmei , Huang Wen-Yen , Hsiao Hsuan , Wang Jung-Der , Lin Chang-Ching
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives

An accurate estimate of the loss of lifetime employment duration resulting from kidney failure can facilitate comprehensive evaluation of societal financial burdens.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

All patients undergoing incident dialysis in Taiwan during 2000–2017 were identified using the National Health Insurance Research Database. The corresponding age-, sex-, and calendar year-matched general population served as the referents. The survival functions and the employment states of the index cohort (patients on dialysis) and their referents for each age strata were first calculated, and then extrapolated until age 65 years, where the sum of the product of the survival function and the employment states was the lifetime employment duration. The difference in lifetime employment duration between the index and referent cohort was the loss of lifetime employment duration. Extrapolation of survival function and relative employment-to-population ratios were estimated by the restricted cubic spline models and the quadratic/linear models, respectively.

Results

A total of 83,358 patients with kidney failure were identified. Men had a higher rate of employment than women in each age strata. The expected loss of lifetime employment duration for men with kidney failure was 11.8, 7.6, 5.7, 3.8, 2.3, 1.0, and 0.2 years for those aged 25–34, 35–40, 41–45, 46–50, 51–55, 56–60, and 61–64 years, respectively; and the corresponding data for women was 10.5, 10.1, 7.9, 5.6, 3.3, 1.5, and 0.3 years, respectively. The values for loss of lifetime employment duration divided by loss of life expectancy were all >70% for women and >88% for men across the different age strata. The sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust.

Conclusions

The loss of lifetime employment duration in patients undergoing dialysis mainly originates from loss of life expectancy.
Fatigue in CKD
Authors: Gregg L. Parker , Bossola Maurizio , Ostrosky-Frid Mauricio , Hedayati S. Susan
Published: April 2021

Fatigue is a commonly reported and debilitating symptom among patients with CKD, yet little is known about its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Various measurement tools have been used in published studies to identify and quantify fatigue. These include several single-item measures embedded in longer questionnaires for assessing depression, quality of life, or symptom burden in patients with kidney disease. Approximately 70% of patients with CKD report fatigue, with up to 25% reporting severe symptoms. Patient-reported fatigue is associated with death, dialysis initiation, and hospitalization among individuals with CKD. The pathophysiology is multifactorial and likely includes decreased oxygen delivery and increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism, thus generating lactic acidosis in response to exertion; the effects of chronic metabolic acidosis and hyperphosphatemia on skeletal muscle myocytes; protein-energy wasting and sarcopenia; and depression. Physical activity has been shown to improve fatigue in some small but promising trials, and so should be recommended, given the additional benefits of exercise. Targeting higher hemoglobin levels with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents may improve fatigue, but potential adverse cardiovascular effects preclude their use to solely treat fatigue without the presence of another indication. Current guidelines recommend cautious individualization of hemoglobin targets for those at low cardiovascular risk who still experience fatigue or functional limitation despite a hemoglobin level of 10 g/dl. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation for the treatment of metabolic acidosis may also improve functional status. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have not been consistently shown to improve fatigue in patients with kidney disease, but an ongoing trial will evaluate the effect of alternative antidepressant drug and behavioral activation therapy on fatigue in patients with CKD. Overall, more research is needed to further clarify underlying mechanisms of fatigue and identify effective, targeted treatments for patients with CKD.
КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ РЕШЕНИЕ ОТ YAMAHA ДЛЯ SMD-МОНТАЖА – YAMAHA TOTAL LINE SOLUTION
Authors: Коняшов И.
Published: April 2021

Решения от Yamaha благодаря своей гибкости и производительности обеспечивают самый широкий спектр потребностей клиентов: от массового производства несложных изделий с небольшой номенклатурой компонентов до штучных изделий высокой сложности.
МЕТОДЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ БИС С УЧЕТОМ НАДЕЖНОСТИ
Authors: Строганов А. , Белых М. , Пермяков Д. , Полковников В.
Published: April 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные механизмы деградации МОП-транзисторов субмикронных БИС, способы построения моделей МОП-транзисторов с учетом эффектов старения, требования к маршруту проектирования высоконадежных КМОП БИС и инструменты проектирования с учетом надежности, реализованные в наиболее широко применяемых САПР.
СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССОРЫ ASIP И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ВЕРИФИКАЦИИ
Authors: Грёткер Т. , Белоусов С.
Published: April 2021

Рассматриваются основные преимущества разработки специализированных процессоров (ASIP) с помощью инструментов, входящих в платформу ASIP Designer от компании Synopsys, и подробно обсуждаются подходы верификации полученного процессора: проверка функциональной модели процессора, тестирование программного обеспечения и профилирование, а также верификация RTL.
La telepresencia robótica mejora las acciones deseadas y objetivos de aprendizaje en urgencias médicas simuladas
Authors: Gutiérrez Avilés Elizabeth Gutiérrez Avilés , Vázquez de Anda Gilberto Felipe , Rogel Jaimes Ricardo , Pereda Sánchez Eugenio Otoniel , Delaye Aguilar María Guadalupe , Lucena Navarrete Mario Roberto , Pérez Castañeda Ana Ivonne
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Durante el ejercicio clínico en urgencias medicas simuladas, las acciones deseadas (AD) y objetivos de aprendizaje (OA) en los estudiantes de pregrado pueden ser incrementados con el uso de telepresencia robótica (TPR).Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la TPR para la mejora de AD y OA en casos de urgencias médicas simuladas.Método: Estudio comparativo de un modelo educativo por competencias. Universo de trabajo: estudiantes de quinto año de la carrera de médico cirujano. La TPR consistió en un software: Double [app version 2.0.5 (230)], robot Double, Ipad air primera generación. Asesoría vía TPR por médico especialista en urgencias médicas. Se siguió una lista predeterminada para calificar el cumplimiento de AD y OA a desarrollar en cada uno de los nueve escenarios clínicos de urgencias médicas asignados con y sin el apoyo de TPR. Al final se realizó una encuesta de satisfacción de los participantes sobre el uso de la TPR.Resultados: se obtuvieron nueve pares de casos clínicos antes y después de la TPR. Se observó diferencia significativa en las AD antes y después de la TPR: 50.57 (46.10-57.74) versus 81.53 (70.62-85.70) así como en los OA: 32.50 (25.89-47.44) versus 75 (63.07-75.67). Los estudiantes se sintieron apoyados por la herramienta de TPR en un 92.8%.Conclusiones: la TPR es de utilidad para la resolución de casos clínicos de urgencias entre dos equipos de salud distantes, a través del incremento en el número de AD y OA, con un alto nivel de aceptación.
Construcción de la identidad docente en medicina y la capacitación temprana en la docencia
Authors: Vives Varela Tania , Albarrán Pérez Daniela , Hamui Sutton Liz , Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La construcción de una Identidad Profesional Docente (IPD) sólida y valorada permite que el profesor realice su labor de manera satisfactoria y comprometida con el bienestar de los estudiantes.Objetivo: Indagar cómo repercute la capacitación temprana como ayudantes de profesor en la IPD en los docentes de medicina.Método: Estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas para obtener datos y un análisis de los mismos, acorde con el método utilizado.Resultados: Se identificaron 4 componentes que constituyeron las historias profesionales de los docentes: 1) el inicio temprano a la docencia, respaldado por un curso que profesionaliza la labor del ayudante de profesor, 2) el curso de iniciación a la docencia, que les brindó la oportunidad de establecer comunicación con profesores prestigiados por la institución, 3) la valoración positiva por parte de sus compañeros de su papel como puente entre las necesidades de los estudiantes y los requerimientos de los docentes titulares y 4) el acompañamiento de un docente experto (profesor titular o coordinador del curso de instructores), quien fue una figura relevante en el proceso de consolidar las competencias docentes.Conclusiones: El inicio temprano a la docencia, respaldado por un curso que profesionaliza la labor del ayudante de profesor, y el apoyo de un docente experto, fueron elementos que influyeron de manera positiva en la construcción de las representaciones del papel profesional, de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje; así como en los sentimientos derivados del quehacer docente.
El currículo oculto y su influencia en la enseñanza en las Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Centeno Angel M. , De la Paz Grebe María
Published: April 2021

El currículo oculto puede ser definido como aquellos aprendizajes no planificados que ocurren a lo largo de la enseñanza. Su estudio se inició a fines de los 60 en USA; no obstante, solo en los últimos años se ha convertido en objeto de interés para investigadores de diversas disciplinas y en especial para la Educación Médica. Pese a lo anterior no existe aún en la actualidad una aproximación única al tema, así como acuerdo respecto a su significado y utilidad. Este artículo surgió con el objetivo de realizar una contribución para avanzar en su comprensión como un fenómeno multidimensional que cumple un papel en la formación y que por ello debe ser identificado y descifrado. Para esto se intentó hacer una revisión de algunos de los principales aportes disponibles en la literatura acerca del currículo oculto. Dicha revisión permitió concebir el currículo oculto como la expresión de aspectos de la cultura y del contexto institucional que hacen posibles aprendizajes inesperados para los estudiantes. En esta misma línea, es un agente o vehículo potencial de socialización que facilita o promueve la interiorización de reglas, normas y valores que son propios de la profesión. Existe una interesante relación entre el currículo oculto y el profesionalismo médico, en la medida que la adquisición de los valores de la profesión requiere de aprendizajes complejos, los cuales muchas veces ocurren en escenarios y contextos imprevistos y por fuera de lo que estaba formalmente planificado. Identificar el currículo oculto y reconocer su influencia en la enseñanza es un desafío para las facultades de Ciencias de la Salud, cómo incorporarlo al currículo formal es una tarea pendiente, en esto los estudiantes parecen tener un papel esencial.
“HEAD/TAIL PLASMON” PRODUCED BY A GAUSSIAN EJECTION VELOCITY PULSE
Authors: Raga A. C. , Cantó J. , Castellanos-Ramírez A. , Rodríguez-González A. , Hernández-Martínez L.
Published: April 2021

We present an analytic model of a collimated ejection with a “single pulse” Gaussian ejection velocity. This flow produces a dense “head” (the leading working surface) joined to the outflow source by a “tail” of lower velocity material. For times greater than the duration of the ejection pulse, this tail develops a linear radial velocity vs. position structure. This “head/tail plasmon” structure is interesting for modelling astrophysical “bullets” joined to their outflow sources by structures with “Hubble law” radial velocity dependencies. We study the case of a Gaussian ejection velocity law with a constant and a Gaussian ejection density history, We compare these two cases, and find that the main effect of the different ejection density histories is to change the mass and the density stratification of the plasmon tail.
How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits
Authors: Gidney Craig , Ekerå Martin
Published: April 2021

We significantly reduce the cost of factoring integers and computing discrete logarithms in finite fields on a quantum computer by combining techniques from Shor 1994, Griffiths-Niu 1996, Zalka 2006, Fowler 2012, Ekerå-Håstad 2017, Ekerå 2017, Ekerå 2018, Gidney-Fowler 2019, Gidney 2019. We estimate the approximate cost of our construction using plausible physical assumptions for large-scale superconducting qubit platforms: a planar grid of qubits with nearest-neighbor connectivity, a characteristic physical gate error rate of 10−3, a surface code cycle time of 1 microsecond, and a reaction time of 10 microseconds. We account for factors that are normally ignored such as noise, the need to make repeated attempts, and the spacetime layout of the computation. When factoring 2048 bit RSA integers, our construction's spacetime volume is a hundredfold less than comparable estimates from earlier works (Van Meter et al. 2009, Jones et al. 2010, Fowler et al. 2012, Gheorghiu et al. 2019). In the abstract circuit model (which ignores overheads from distillation, routing, and error correction) our construction uses 3n+0.002nlg⁡n logical qubits, 0.3n3+0.0005n3lg⁡n Toffolis, and 500n2+n2lg⁡n measurement depth to factor n-bit RSA integers. We quantify the cryptographic implications of our work, both for RSA and for schemes based on the DLP in finite fields.
A Prospective Evaluation of a Nurse-Led Stent Removal Service Using the Single-Use Isiris®in a Tertiary Referral Stone Unit and its Impact on Patient Waiting Times
Authors: Thakare Niyukta , Collie Jane , Shah Syed , Al-Hayek Samih , Durrant Jordan , Dragos Laurian , Saeb-Parsy Kasra , Wiseman Oliver
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective

Double J (JJ) ureteric stenting represents one of the most significant causes of patient discomfort and dissatisfaction following endourological procedures. At our institution, a large tertiary referral centre for complex stones, standard JJ stent removal was previously undertaken with a flexible cystoscope (FC) in the endoscopy department by a doctor. The pathway was prone to delays through capacity constraints and prioritization being given to cancer investigations. The Isiris® is a single-use stent removal system consisting of a ‘camera on chip’ disposable FC with an integrated grasper. We examine the feasibility of a nurse-led stent removal service using Isiris®, performed as an office-based procedure, and its effect on waiting times.

Material and Methods

A specialist stone nurse undertook training in FC approved by the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) and the British Association of Urological Nurses (BAUN). Once competency was reached, a nurseled service was offered to patients in the outpatient setting. A prospective database from April 2018 to March 2020 was maintained to include patient data for stent removals in the nurse-led clinic using Isiris®. This was compared to a retrospective dataset of FC and stent removal between July 2016 and December 2016, performed by a doctor in the endoscopy department. The delays in stent removal compared to the ‘ideal’ stent removal date (planned date plus or minus 3 days tolerance allowed) were compared between the two pathways.

Results

The specialist nurse undertook BAUS theory training and competency was reached using an approved BAUS/BAUN competency package. 414 stent removals were booked in the nurse group, of which 395 were undertaken. 291 of 395 (74%) patients in the nurse removal Isiris® group had their stent removed on time, whereas only 16 of 54 (30%) patients had their stents removed on time in the FC stent removal group. A delay of more than 21 days was seen in 22% of FC group vs only 2% in the nurse-led Isiris® group. Both planned removal and actual stent dwell time were longer in the FC group compared to Isiris® group (p < 0.0001). There were no major complications with the use of Isiris® for stent removal in the nurse-led clinic.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that it is feasible to introduce a nurse-led stent removal service. The introduction of this service using the Isiris® system has led to a reduction in delays of stent removal, which is likely to translate into significant quality of life improvement for patients and economic benefits for the healthcare system.
Analysis of the thesis research on land monitoring and supervision
Authors: Kamynina N.R. , Tsvetkov V.Ya. , Tararin A.M. , Sushkova E.V.
Published: April 2021

The authors present the results of the dissertation research analysis on the issues of land monitoring and supervision (control), according to the following criteria
Reaffirming trust in social enterprise in the COVID-19 era: Ways forward
Authors: Snowden Michael , Oberoi Roopinder , Halsall Jamie P.
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 has overwhelmed and stretched existing healthcare infrastructure in both developed and developing economies and pushed governmental response mechanisms to the brink. Globally, governments elicited the call for corporate support, asking social entrepreneurs and social business ventures to organise efforts to build voluntary support for the large-scale response needed during the sudden lockdown disruptions. By April 2020, 26.5 million jobs were lost in the US alone (Lambert, 2020), global stocks plummeted at least 25% and gross domestic product (GDP) contracted significantly for all countries. With reduced domestic demand for non-food goods, reduced foreign demand for US goods exports, supply-chain disruptions, and plant closures, the manufacturing sector saw a huge decline (Reinicke, 2020). Governments all over the world announced massive stimulus packages. The US has approved $2 trillion financial support to combat the economic downturn so far (Emma & Scholtes, 2020) and EU finance ministers have recently approved €500 billion in stimulus measures (Riley, 2020). It is estimated that the global economy will grow at -3 percent in 2020. This article sheds light on the role of social enterprises in addressing the societal problems caused by COVID-19. The authors highlight the efforts of virtual and collaborative associations who seek to swiftly recognise issues and develop solutions, which create social value and alleviate the plights of suffering communities. This article sheds light on the role of social enterprises in addressing the societal problems caused by COVID-19. The authors highlight the efforts of virtual and collaborative associations who seek to swiftly recognise issues and develop solutions, which create social value and alleviate the plights of suffering communities. The authors place emphasis upon the role of the social entrepreneur in developing a way forward in these challenging times and present a contemporary conceptualisation of the social entrepreneur in the form of an “avatar” and the impact that this may have on social enterprise.
Diabetic Kidney Disease Alters the Transcriptome and Function of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells but Maintains Immunomodulatory and Paracrine Activities Important for Renal Repair
Authors: Hickson LaTonya J. , Eirin Alfonso , Conley Sabena M. , Taner Timucin , Bian Xiaohui , Saad Ahmed , Herrmann Sandra M. , Mehta Ramila A. , McKenzie Travis J. , Kellogg Todd A. , Kirkland James L. , Tchkonia Tamar , Saadiq Ishran M. , Tang Hui , Jordan Kyra L. , Zhu Xiangyang , Griffin Mathew D. , Rule Andrew D. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Textor Stephen C. , Lerman Lilach O.
Published: April 2021

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) facilitate repair in experimental diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the hyperglycemic and uremic milieu may diminish regenerative capacity of patient-derived therapy. We hypothesized that DKD reduces human MSC paracrine function. Adipose-derived MSC from 38 participants with DKD and 16 control subjects were assessed for cell surface markers, trilineage differentiation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), in vitro function (coculture or conditioned medium experiments with T cells and human kidney cells [HK-2]), secretome profile, and cellular senescence abundance. The direction of association between MSC function and patient characteristics were also tested. RNA-seq analysis identified 353 differentially expressed genes and downregulation of several immunomodulatory genes/pathways in DKD-MSC versus Control-MSC. DKD-MSC phenotype, differentiation, and tube formation capacity were preserved, but migration was reduced. DKD-MSC with and without interferon-γ priming inhibited T-cell proliferation greater than Control-MSC. DKD-MSC medium contained higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase 1 and prostaglandin-E2) and prorepair factors (hepatocyte growth factor and stromal cell–derived factor 1) but lower IL-6 versus control-MSC medium. DKD-MSC medium protected high glucose plus transforming growth factor-β–exposed HK-2 cells by reducing apoptotic, fibrotic, and inflammatory marker expression. Few DKD-MSC functions were affected by patient characteristics, including age, sex, BMI, hemoglobin A1c, kidney function, and urine albumin excretion. However, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was lower in DKD-MSC from participants on metformin therapy. Therefore, while DKD altered the transcriptome and migratory function of culture-expanded MSCs, DKD-MSC functionality, trophic factor secretion, and immunomodulatory activities contributing to repair remained intact. These observations support testing of patient-derived MSC therapy and may inform preconditioning regimens in DKD clinical trials.
Effects of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Energy Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Trial
Authors: Op den Kamp Yvo J.M. , de Ligt Marlies , Dautzenberg Bas , Kornips Esther , Esterline Russell , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. , Hoeks Joris , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Havekes Bas , Oscarsson Jan , Phielix Esther , Schrauwen Patrick
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

SGTL2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The underlying mechanism may involve caloric restriction-like metabolic effects due to urinary glucose loss. We investigated the effects of dapagliflozin on 24-h energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

There were 26 patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to a 5-week double-blind, crossover study with a 6- to 8-week washout. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure 24-h energy metabolism and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), both by whole-room calorimetry and by ventilated hood during a two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results are presented as the differences in least squares mean (95% CI) between treatments.

RESULTS

Evaluable patients (n = 24) had a mean (SD) age of 64.2 (4.6) years, BMI of 28.1 (2.4) kg/m2, and HbA1c of 6.9% (0.7) (51.7 [6.8] mmol/mol). Rate of glucose disappearance was unaffected by dapagliflozin, whereas fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP) increased by dapagliflozin (+2.27 [1.39, 3.14] μmol/kg/min, P < 0.0001). Insulin-induced suppression of EGP (–1.71 [–2.75, –0.63] μmol/kg/min, P = 0.0036) and plasma free fatty acids (–21.93% [–39.31, –4.54], P = 0.016) was greater with dapagliflozin. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (–0.11 [–0.24, 0.03] MJ/day) remained unaffected by dapagliflozin, but dapagliflozin reduced the RER during daytime and nighttime, resulting in an increased day-to-nighttime difference in the RER (–0.010 [–0.017, –0.002], P = 0.016). Dapagliflozin treatment resulted in a negative 24-h energy and fat balance (–20.51 [–27.90, –13.12] g/day).

CONCLUSIONS

Dapagliflozin treatment for 5 weeks resulted in major adjustments of metabolism mimicking caloric restriction, increased fat oxidation, improved hepatic and adipose insulin sensitivity, and improved 24-h energy metabolism.
Virtuális valóság és haderő I. rész
Authors: Németh András , Virágh Krisztián
Published: April 2021

Bár a virtuális valóság nem a 21. század találmánya, a technológia csak az elmúlt évtizedben érte el azt a fejlettségi szintet, amely megteremtette szélesebb körű elterjedésének technikai feltételeit. Az utca embere ma még csak többnyire filmekben, illetve VR vidámparkokban, vagy szórakoztató központokban találkozhat fejlettebb virtuális élményt kínáló megoldásokkal, ugyanakkor néhány százezer forintos befektetéssel már az otthonunkban is megtapasztalhatjuk a technológiában rejlő lehetőségeket. A katonai kiképzés területén már akár évtizedek óta a VR számos elemét használják, a komplex, magas valóságérzetet keltő megoldások integrációja mégis további, nagy dinamikával fejlődő lehetőséget kínál a hazai kiképzés rendszerének reformjára és folyamatos modernizálására. Jelen tanulmányunkban a VR kialakulása, és fejlődésének fontosabb állomásai kerülnek bemutatásra.
I grenseland. Historien om Frode Berg og livet på innsiden av norsk etterretning og russiske fengsler
Authors: Østbø Jardar
Published: April 2021

Crossing the Border. The Story of Frode Berg and Life Inside the Norwegian Intelligence Services and Russian Prisons, by Morten Jentoft, is reviewed by Jardar Østbø, associate professor at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies.
NEW RECORDS FOR THE TURKISH FRESHWATER ALGAL FLORA IN TWENTY FIVE RIVER BASINS OF TURKEY, PART VI: CHAROPHYTA
Authors: MARAŞLIOĞLU Faruk , SOYLU Elif , DEMİR Nilsun , ÇELEKLİ Abuzer , SÖMEK Haşim , ÖTERLER Burak , ÇETİN Tolga , KARAASLAN Yakup , ONGUN SEVİNDİK Tuğba , COŞKUN Tolga , SOLAK Cüneyt , TEMİZEL Bengü
Published: April 2021

Although planktonic algae are a basic component of freshwater ecosystems, studies on their diversity and species distribution are still not in satisfactory numbers. This study aims to contribute to Turkish freshwater algal flora particularly with the new records reported. A total of 158 Charophyta taxa were determined in the study conducted from 2017 to 2019 in 25 river basins of Turkey. In this study, while the highest Charophyta taxon was found in Sakarya and Batı Akdeniz basins with 50 and 42 taxa, respectively, Burdur basin was the only basin where we did not find the Charophyta species. The highest Charophyta diversity was observed in Girdev Lake (Batı Akdeniz basin) and Işık Dağı Karagöl Lake (Sakarya basin) among the lakes of Turkey’s 25 river basins. Thirty-one of these Charophyta taxa represent new records for the freshwater algal flora of Turkey. Of these, 13 species are commonly distributed, while 18 species have rare distribution areas. Morphology, ecology, and distribution of each taxon were also discussed in details.
Tecnocracia como ordem política antinatural no romance O Fruto Do Vosso Ventre, de Herberto Sales
Authors: Moraes Fabrício Tavares
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo analisa o modo como o romance O fruto do vosso ventre, de Herberto Sales, publicado originalmente em 1976, representa esteticamente a estrutura e ações de uma tecnocracia autoritária num mundo distópico. A obra, dividida em três partes com estilos e formas diferentes, demonstra, de certo modo, como a gestão autoritária de uma sociedade serve-se da própria corrupção e empobrecimento da linguagem. Por meio disso, o romance narra uma gradual alienação coletiva, que se pauta tanto na usurpação das potencialidades comunicativas do ser humano quanto numa dinâmica social de desumanização. Em contraposição a essa alienação, no entanto, surge, ao longo da obra, uma narrativa teológica, de fundo messiânico, que transporta o ideal querigmático para um cenário moderno. Desse modo, busca-se investigar como o autor, a partir de suas experiências empíricas e políticas numa ditadura tecnocrática, transpõe para o plano estético as relações entre linguagem, autoritarismo, messianismo e teologia.
A Linguagem da religião: binarismo, simbolismo e universalidade das narrativas míticas
Authors: Dorneles Vanderlei
Published: April 2021

As narrativas religiosas e míticas são codificadas pela linguagem simbólica. Predominam nestes textos as metáforas, figuras híbridas, eventos grandiosos, visões oníricas e signos de oposições binárias. O presente artigo explora as características dessa linguagem a partir da narrativa visionária de Apocalipse 12, em que uma mulher com dores de parto é perseguida pelo grande dragão vermelho de sete cabeças. As narrativas religiosas e míticas se apresentam como uma rede de textos entrecruzados entre diferentes culturas. Este estudo contrasta a compreensão mais racionalizada de origem alemã que considera as narrativas míticas e oníricas como decorrentes de um processo natural de simbolização, na linha de Freud, com a visão do sagrado segundo Eliade, que vê as narrativas míticas e os sonhos como comparados apenas em termos de linguagem, mas não de origem. Na fenomenologia do sagrado, a linguagem do simbolismo é considerada como mediadora da relação do homem com realidades ausentes ou transcendentes.
The Journey Towards the Self: A Study of Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide in an Ecocritical Perspective
Authors: Raja A Aravinth
Published: April 2021

This paper attempts to study The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh from anecocritical perspective. The researcher identifies the journey of the characters in the novel towards nature as a metaphorical symbol to the journey in discovering the self. The conflict between the people and the environment is the only obstacle during the journey of the characters in the novel. The characters experience the conflict between the environment and people through observation and at the same time, self-realisation. This paper also identifies the author's concern for nature through the fictional characters in the novel Piyali Roy, a cetologist and Fokir, a local fisherman.In anecocritical perspective, this paper sees the disturbances that the nature experience as a harm towards nature and its progression.
The Ethical Significance of Ziauddin Barni’s Fatwa-E Jahandari and its Contemporary Relevance
Authors: Khan Dr. Sakina I. H.
Published: April 2021

Ziauddin Barni was the first Muslim to write the history of India. His close association with the ruling circles of Delhi enabled him to observe the administrative activities of the kings. Based on his experiences, he has documented the historical data in his works. His Fatwa-e Jahandari is a monumental work, which is a record of not only the historical facts but also a detailed account of the qualities of an ideal ruler. It enumerates and illustrates twenty four political ideals that should be part and parcel of a good ruler. This research paper focuses on ten values advocated by Barni, which could be viewed as an essential part of the ethical values. It showcases the significance of ethical leadership and offers an analysis of ten select values in the light of ethics. Subsequently, it depicts how the ethical values recommended by Barni are pertinent to the contemporary society.
METHOD OF MAKING DECISIONS ON DETERMINING RELATIVE RISK OF ENERGY SYSTEM SECTIONS INOPERABILITY
Authors: Kolotilov Yury Vasil'evich , Voevodin Ilya Gennadievich , Kovalev Adel A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the application of the analytic hierarchy method in the problem of determining the relative value of the energy system sections operability. The process of building a hierarchy is described for the sections of the energy system, which are assessed by the groups of criteria and by the component criteria. There is shown the process of filling in scores and matrices of paired comparisons, as well as calculating the components of priority vectors for each of the hierarchy levels. The analytical expressions are formulated for the synthesis of priorities and determination of the values of the relative risk of inoperability for each of the sections. A diagram is constructed showing the relative risk of inoperability of individual sections of the energy system
PRINCIPLES OF FORMAL CLASSIFICATION THEORY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: CASE OF ENERGY FACILITIES
Authors: Fedorova Natalia
Published: April 2021

The article describes the power generating and other energy facilities as complex technical systems interacting with the material, financial, informational and legal environment. To ensure functioning and development of a technical system it is important to determine its place among other technical systems: technical systems and their elements must be classified. There have been presented the principles of formal theory of technical system classification. The classification objects have been given a definition. The concepts of classification, classification attribute and meaning of the classification attribute are formalized. The goal and tasks of the classification are formulated. The stages of forming and applying classifiers include developing the composition and structure of classifier kernel, marking interpretation elements and selecting an element corresponding to the user's request. The alphabet, inference rules, axioms and main theorems of the classification formal theory are presented. It is proved that a complete consistent independent classification theory is decidable. The taxonomy of the classifier types is considered: elementary (incomplete and complete), basic (discrete hierarchical, discrete matrix, continuous band), complex (combined and limiting). Examples of using classifiers of various types in the description of energy objects are given. The algorithms, labeling and selection problems are considered. The use of a grounded and structured classification theory allows better understanding and description of the relationship between technical and related systems and l increases the efficiency of functioning and development of technical systems.
Germencik (Aydın) İlçesinde Yetiştirilen Sarılop İncirlerinde (Ficus carica L.) Klon Seleksiyonu
Authors: UZUN Serkan , YARILGAÇ Tarık
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma Aydın ili Germencik ilçesinde yetişen Sarılop incir çeşidinde meyve ağırlığı yüksek olan ve taze tüketim açısından üstün özellikler taşıyan klonların tespit edilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 40 farklı klon meyve ağırlığı, meyve boyutları, ostiol genişliği, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı, titre edilebilir asitlik gibi fiziksel ölçümlerin yanı sıra meyve şekli, meyve simetrisi, kabuk çatlaması, meyve uç şekli, kabuğun soyulma durumu, lentisel miktarı, ostiol çatlamalarına dayanıklılık gibi kalitatif özellikler bakımından incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularında meyve ağırlığı 15.2-78.4 g, ostiol genişliği 1.1-13.1 mm, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı %15.8-29.8 ve titre edilebilir asitlik miktarı %0.151-0.646 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte incelenen klonların %82’sinde meyve şekli ‘küresel’, %60’ında ise meyve simetrisi ‘var’ olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda meyve ağırlığı, meyve şekli, boyun uzunluğu, kabuk çatlaması, kabuğun soyulma durumu, ostiol genişliği ve suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı özellikleri dikkate alınarak yapılan tartılı derecelendirme neticesinde 830 ve üzerinde puan alan 09 GS 25 ve 09 GS 31 klonları ümitvar olarak seçilmiştir. Ayrıca ilçenin Sarılop incir genetik kaynakları bakımından kıymetli materyallere sahip olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.
The Allelopathic Effects of Turkish Hulled Wheat Lines on Germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Lolium perenne L. Seeds
Authors: KİTİŞ Yasin Emre , TEKİN Mehmet , AKAR Taner
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine allelopathic effects of some emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schrank) and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) wheat lines on germination of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). For this purpose, fourty-nine emmer and thirty-six einkorn wheat lines with two commercial durum wheat cultivars (cvs. Svevo and Saragolla) were sown in experimental field of Akdeniz University. Leaves of emmer and einkorn lines were cut at the end of tillering stage (Z29) to obtain sufficient plant extracts. Afterwards, germination rates of weed species were recorded by carrying out petri experiments. Many of the emmer and einkorn wheat lines highly inhibited the germination of two weed species compared to durum wheat cultivars but some lines were found very efficient for inhibition of both species. Four lines of emmer and eight lines of einkorn wheat inhibited germination of redroot pigweed over 90% while one emmer line and six lines of einkorn inhibited germination of ryegrass over 80%. According to average germination values, it was revealed that while ten lines of emmer and seventeen lines of einkorn reduced germination of both weed species by more than 50%, effect of commercial wheat cultivars remained at the rate of 35% and 18%, respectively. As a result, there was a clear evidence that some lines of emmer and einkorn wheat had a suppressive effect on germination of two important weed species. This is the first report about the allelopathic potential of the emmer and einkorn wheats. However, further researches are needed to test effectiveness of these wheats on allelopathy under both greenhouse and field conditions in detail.
TR61 Bölgesinde Genç Çiftçi Projesi Desteğinden Yararlanmayı Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BEŞEN Tuba , SAYIN Betül , KUZGUN Musa , KARAMÜRSEL Dilek , ÇELİKYURT Mehmet Ali , EMRE Meltem , ÖZTÜRK Fatma , YILMAZ Şerife Gülden , BİROL Duygu
Published: April 2021

Çalışma, TR61 Bölgesinde üreticilerin Genç Çiftçi Projesi desteklerinden yaralanmasını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, genç çiftçilerin ve işletmelerinin özelliklerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın hedef kitlesini destekten yararlanmış üreticiler ile yararlanmamış üreticiler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın materyali, bu destekten yararlanan üreticilerden örnekleme yoluyla seçilenler 72 üretici ve karşıt grup olarak aynı yaş grubundaki 72 üretici ile yüz yüze yapılan anketlerden elde edilen verilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada destekten yararlanan ve yaralanmayan üreticilerin ve sahip oldukları işletmelerin özellikleri tanımlayıcı parametreler (minimum, maksimum, ortalama değerler, yüzde oranlar) ile ortaya koyulmuştur. Destekten yararlanan ve yararlanmayan üretici grupları arasındaki farklılıkların tespitinde kesikli verilerde Ki-kare testi, normal dağılım göstermeyen sürekli verilerde Mann–Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Destek almayı etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesinde İkili Lojistik Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. TR61 Bölgesinde, üreticilerin cinsiyet, medeni durum, tarımsal örgüte üye olma durumu ve tarım dışı gelir sahipliğinin, genç çiftçi desteklerinden yararlanmada etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı tarafından genç çiftçilere verilen desteklemeler büyük önem arz etmektedir. Genç çiftçi destekleri alana özel çeşitlendirilerek devamlılığı sağlanmalıdır. Genç çiftçi desteğinden yararlanmış olan üreticilerin yaptıkları faaliyetleri geliştirmelerine yönelik eğitimler, genç çiftçileri bir araya getirebilecek farklı örgütlenme modellerinin geliştirilmesi, pazara ulaşmada kolaylık sağlayacak öncelikler, dijital pazarlama yöntemlerinin yaygınlaştırılması gibi ek destekler de verilen genç çiftçi desteğinin etkinliğini artıracaktır.
İnek Sütü Üretimi ve Pazarlama Olanakları Açısından Muş Ovasındaki Sığırcılık İşletmelerinin Mevcut Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Onur , KURT Özer , ÇOBAN Önder Bayram
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırma, Muş ili inek sütü üretiminin ve pazarlama imkânlarının geliştirilmesi açısından mevcut durumun ve sorun alanlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyalini, Muş ili merkez ilçeye bağlı 28 köyde faaliyet gösteren 138 adet sığırcılık işletmesi oluşturmuştur. İşletmelerdeki sığır varlığı ile ilgili güncel ve doğru bilgi bulunmaması nedeniyle işletmeler, her bir köyden eşit sayıda olmak üzere tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. İşletme büyüklük gruplarının payları, 1-9 baş, (%21.0), 10-29 baş (%42.8) ve 30 baş ve üstü (%36.2) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı işletme büyüklük grupları için inek başına ortalama günlük süt verimi sırasıyla; 6.72±0.90 l., 6.83±0.53 l. ve 7.48±0.60 l. olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama sağım süresi yine aynı işletme büyüklük grupları için sırasıyla; 6.33±0.33 ay, 5.97±0.23 ay ve 6.22±0.26 ay olarak tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin sattığı ortalama çiğ süt miktarları büyüklük grubuna bağlı olarak artmakla birlikte işletmeler geneli için 67.58±9.67 l., ortalama litre satış fiyatı ise, 131.07±3.09 kuruş olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üretilen çiğ sütün pazarlanması konusunda sorun yaşayanların oranı %91.3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç itibariyle, Muş Ovasında mevcut ekonomik ve organik süt üretim potansiyelinin arttırılabilmesi için ürün pazarlama amaçlı yetiştirici birliklerinin geliştirilmesi ve teşvik edilmesi önerilmektedir.
Development of Sustainable LSP-Bricks Using Local Industrial Wastes
Authors: Saleh Ani Maslina , Rahmat Mohamad Nidzam , Ismai Norsalisma
Published: April 2021

Uncontrolled infrastructure development may produce excessive carbon emission and scarcity of natural resources. The reuse of waste materials in general promotes material ecology and the cradle-to-cradle concept. The utilisation of industrial waste in the development of advanced materials promoting the extensive research on sustainable building components. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of utilising local industrial waste, Solid Waste Fly Ash (SwFA) and Paint Sludge (PS) as target material in replacing laterite soil that is non-renewable natural resources. Standard industrial size bricks were fabricated consist the combination of Laterite Clay, SwFA and PS (LSP) at 50:25:25 ratios. The results for engineering and environmental properties were within the acceptable of engineering standards and performances. This test result suggests potential used of SwFA and Paint Sludge as substitute to clay for unfired brick. This will certainly contribute to the recycling of SwFA and industrial sludge (Paint Sludge andpossibly others) and hence to minimise the impact of these by-product to the environment if send to landfill. The manufacture of unfired bricks can exploit locally available waste materials and can be used in certain applications of low load bearing situation. This research also suggests innovation and enhanced waste management and contribution towards the concept of green building components. 

Keywords: Industrial waste, eco-bricks, durability, thermal, acoustic
LAS NOTAS A PIE DE PÁGINA EN LA TRADUCCIÓN DEL CORÁN
Authors: Kamal Zaghloul Ahmed
Published: April 2021

Podríamos decir que entre el traductor y el autor del texto original hay un pacto implícito que garantiza que las opiniones personales del autor, por mucho que sean contrarias o semejantes a las del traductor, serán traducidas sin añadir ni quitar nada. No obstante, las traducciones del Corán están normalmente salpicadas de notas a pie de página a través de las cuales el traductor expresa su rechazo o agrado con el pensamiento que traduce, rompiendo así aquel pacto. La variedad y cantidad de las notas que ofrecen los traductores del Corán hacen de este Libro un ejemplo ideal para estudiar la presencia de notas en las obras traducidas.
VARIACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Y TRADUCCIÓN. ANÁLISIS DEL MODELO PUBLICITARIO DE RED BULL: GIGI E LA MAMMA
Authors: Moroño Prieto Beatriz
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo pretende ser un estudio sobre la traducción de la variación lingüística en un medio publicitario, y analizar la traducción del mismo en varios idiomas; tomando como base el anuncio en lengua italiana y como traducciones los anuncios en español, francés e inglés, y observar cuáles son las soluciones tomadas para conseguir el trasvase de la variación lingüística.
EL ANTAGONISMO INTERCULTURAL ENTRE ESPAÑA Y ESTADOS UNIDOS: LA MASCULINIDAD EN TRES NOVELAS DE ANTONIO MUÑOZ MOLINA
Authors: Snauwaert Erwin , Vanoverberghe Franciska
Published: April 2021

En la narrativa de Antonio Muñoz Molina a menudo se perfila un antagonismo entre España y Estados Unidos que atañe a ‘la masculinidad’, uno de los conceptos fundamentales en el modelo intercultural de Hofstede. En tres de sus novelas, el autor elabora las diferentes posiciones que ambos países ocupan frente al binomio ‘masculinidad/feminidad’, valiéndose de algunas de las estrategias imagológicas descritas por Pageaux. Así, el contraste léxico, la jerarquía de los personajes y la estereotipia en el nivel del guion ponen de relieve la actitud ambivalente de los protagonistas con respecto a la masculinidad, ilustrando así la sinergia entre los estudios interculturales empíricos y una perspectiva imagológica constructivista como la de Leerssen.
INTRODUCING MACHINE TRANSLATION IN TRANSLATOR TRAINING: COMPARING “INFORMATION MINING” WITH POST-EDITING
Authors: Killman Jeff A.
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un experimento para introducir a alumnos de traducción la traducción automática estadística, comparando su postedición con el empleo de métodos de documentación tradicionales. Al inicio de una asignatura introductoria de las tecnologías de traducción, los estudiantes tradujeron un texto en español o inglés y anotaron los casos en los que el empleo de una herramienta de referencia electrónica, sobre la que habían aprendido anteriormente, les había ayudado a elegir manualmente una resolución de traducción adecuada. Al final de la asignatura los estudiantes volvieron a replantearse el mismo texto y eligieron partes de él, cuya traducción les había requerido una cantidad de tiempo y esfuerzo considerable, como ponen de manifiesto sus anotaciones. Las partes del texto que habían elegido las introdujeron en el gratuito sistema abierto de traducción automática estadística de Google Translate (GT) y, después, posteditaron los resultados de este.

En este trabajo se comparan las traducciones que habían elegido manualmente los estudiantes con las producidas por GT (para determinar diferencias de calidad) y con las postediciones de estas últimas (con el fin de analizar si las decisiones de los estudiantes de aceptar o rechazar las traducciones automáticas dieron como resultado ganancias o pérdidas cualitativas). Según los resultados, la calidad de las traducciones automáticas no editadas era de media muy por debajo de la de las producidas por los estudiantes, y la postedición resultó en un ligero aumento medio de calidad al compararse con los métodos de documentación tradicionales.
COMPETENCIAS Y RECURSOS PARA LA PRÁCTICA EFICIENTE DE LA TRADUCCIÓN PROFESIONAL (PARTE II)
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Manuel Cristóbal
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo, continuación de la primera parte «Competencias y recursos para la práctica eficiente de la traducción profesional (parte I)», muestra una serie de recursos para una práctica eficiente de la traducción como labor profesional, tanto para traductores noveles como para traductores experimentados. Estos recursos se engloban en tres subcompetencias básicas en la labor profesional: subcompetencia lingüística, subcompetencia tecnológica y subcompetencia profesional. Asimismo, con la introducción de estas competencias y subcompetencias, se pretende acercar al lector a la realidad profesional de la traducción.
LA TRADUCCIÓN-ADAPTACIÓN DE TEXTOS TURÍSTICOS EN LA COMBINACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA ITALIANO-ESPAÑOL
Authors: Marangon Giorgia
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo nos aproximamos al lenguaje del turismo desde la perspectiva contrastiva y traductiva del italiano al español. El ámbito específico de análisis es el de los folletos turísticos y guías online que elaboran entes turísticos nacionales y regionales, tales como Le Cinque terre de la región Liguria. Mediante una serie de ejemplos significativos que hemos extraído de esta página web oficial sondeamos las superaciones de trasvase fieles a la hibridación de tipologías discursivas inherentes al texto turístico, así como las estrategias de traducción y la subsanación de errores recurrentes por la afinidad entre los dos idiomas.