bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prácticas culturales boruca y su relación con las costas del Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica
Authors: Marín Herrera Maritza , Soto Lugo Vernon , Solano Ulate Silvia , Barboza Leitón Ivannia
Published: September 2021

Este artículo explora desde el análisis documental con perspectiva inter y transdisciplinaria, la producción académica generada desde mediados del siglo XX y lo que va del siglo XXI, relacionada con la comunidad indígena boruca en el Pacífico sur de Costa Rica. Se enfatiza en las prácticas culturales asociadas a los territorios costeros como la recolección de sal y el teñido de prendas utilizando a Plicopurpura pansa conocido localmente como Múrice, ya que la búsqueda para su recolección desplaza tradicionalmente a la etnia boruca desde sus asentamientos hasta las Playas Chamán y Ventanas (Región Pacífico Sur, Costa Rica). Estos usos, según el derecho consuetudinario se extienden en el territorio indígena Boruca hasta la costa pacífica. El propósito de la revisión bibliográfica, analítica inter y transdisciplinaria del tema es facilitarle a la comunidad la fundamentación de las luchas territoriales y socio-ambientales emprendidas ante los proyectos expansivos de desarrollo; para ello hemos sustentado el abordaje desde la ecología política, como ciencia que se ocupa de los conflictos ecológicos distributivos. Se concluye que hay vacíos documentales acerca de la población indígena boruca en el aporte tradicional del teñido y en las prácticas culturales que lo acompañan; no obstante, es significativo el abordaje más general que inserta a la comunidad en un corredor macroeconómico, en relación con otras etnias originarias de América Latina, en cuanto a la comercialización del tinte del molusco y la sal.
From “Slow” to “Being ‘Lazy’ and Slowing Down” and the Impact on Student Learning
Authors: Thomas M'Balia , Carvajal Regidor Marta
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a case study on the measurable impact of a decolonized approach to the Slow Movement on student learning in a graduate seminar. The study operationalizes principles of Being Lazy and Slowing Down (BLSD)—that is, to make peace with not doing or being productive, to de-privilege the need for a result, and to decenter the mind as the primary source of knowledge in order to make space for the body and spirit. The study then examines the uptake of these principles into the seminar’s instructional approach, curricular design, and semester-long project. Textual analysis of the project shows minimal adoption by students of the principles of BLSD. However, student feedback obtained through semi-structured oral interviews provides insight into this minimal impact: it suggests that even a decolonized approach to BLSD is a privileged position not afforded to all.
Course-Based Versus Field Undergraduate Research Experiences
Authors: Graves Jonathan
Published: September 2021

This paper compares undergraduate course-based research experiences to field-based research experiences to understand the relationship between these different forms of experiential learning. I study undergraduate research experiences across an economics department at a large Canadian research university. Statistical analysis indicates there are not large differences between field- and course-based experiences. The main differences favour course-based instruction, with course-based experiences associated with more independent thinking and relevant task engagement. Overall, I conclude curriculum designers should focus attention on proper course-based curriculum design rather than simply trying to adapt “research-like” experiences into the classroom.
Can Relational Feed-Forward Enhance Students’ Cognitive and Affective Responses to Assessment?
Authors: Hill Jennifer , Berlin Kathy , Choate Julia , Cravens-Brown Lisa , McKendrick-Calder Lisa , Smith Susan
Published: September 2021

Assessment feedback should be an integral part of learning in higher education, but students can find this process emotionally and cognitively challenging. Instructors need to consider how to manage students’ responses to feedback so that students feel capable of improving their work and maintaining their wellbeing. In this paper, we examine the role of instructor-student relational feed-forward, enacted as a dialogue relating to ongoing assessment, in dissipating student anxiety, enabling productive learning attitudes and behaviours, and supporting wellbeing. We undertook qualitative data collection within two undergraduate teaching units that were adopting a relational feed-forward intervention over the 2019–2020 academic year. Student responses were elicited via small group, semi-structured interviews and personal reflective diaries, and were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. The results demonstrate that relational feed-forward promotes many elements of student feedback literacy, such as appreciating the purpose and value of feedback, judging work against a rubric, exercising volition and agency to act, and managing affect. Students were keen for instructors to help them manage their emotions related to assessment, believing this would promote their wellbeing. We conclude by exploring academic strategies and pedagogies that position relational instructor feed-forward as an act of care, and we summarize the key characteristics of emotionally resonant relational feed-forward meetings.
Motivations for Continued Use of Critical Thinking Skills among First-Year Seminar Graduates
Authors: Sobel Karen
Published: September 2021

Many first-year seminar courses, as well as other programs aimed at first-year undergraduate students, actively incorporate critical thinking into the curriculum. What factors motivate students who purposefully develop these critical thinking skills to continue using them during subsequent semesters? This article discusses results of a study on this topic. Twenty-four students participated in a study approximately one semester after completing a first-year seminar at their university. The study uses mixed methods to (a) discuss students’ self-reported responses regarding nine potential motivating factors for continuing use of critical thinking skills, (b) examine correlations with critical thinking performance on a writing sample, and (c) briefly compare students’ self-reported motivating factors for continued use of critical thinking skills with parallel self-reported motivating factors for continued use of information literacy skills. The article ends with recommendations for applying the findings in the undergraduate classroom.
Authentic learning across disciplines and borders with scholarly digital storytelling
Authors: Schrum Kelly , Majury Niall , Simonelli Anne Laure
Published: September 2021

Scholarly digital storytelling combines academic research and digital skills to communicate scholarly work within and beyond the classroom. This article presents three case studies that demonstrate efforts to integrate scholarly digital storytelling, a technology-enhanced assessment, across disciplines, geographic locations, and teaching contexts. The case studies originate in the United States, Northern Ireland [UK], and Norway, and represent learning across multiple disciplines, including history, higher education, geography, and biology. This article explores the potential for scholarly digital storytelling, when carefully planned, scaffolded, and implemented, to engage students in authentic learning, teaching students to think deeply and creatively about disciplinary content while creating sharable digital products.
Errata
Authors: UNICAMP Revista Brasileira de Inovação
Published: September 2021

Errata do editorial “A permanência do pensamento de Celso Furtado”, DOI:https://doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v19i0.8661422, publicado no periódico Revista Brasileira de Inovação, 19:1-5, e0200022.
Bad Cholesterol Uptake by CD36 in T-Cells Cripples Anti-Tumor Immune Response
Authors: Kolonin Mikhail G.
Published: September 2021

Despite the advances in immunotherapies, effective against some types of cancer, progression of several types of carcinoma remains uncurable. Recent studies indicate that changes in lipid metabolism, aggravated by obesity, disable anti-tumor immune response. In the July issue of Immunity, Xu et al. use mouse models to demonstrate that certain types of oxidized lipids, transported by CD36, suppress the capacity of CD8+ T lymphocytes to secrete cytotoxic molecules. This study sheds light on how lipid modifications in the tumor microenvironment make killer T cells incapable of inhibiting tumor growth.
REV1 Inhibition Enhances Radioresistance and Autophagy
Authors: Ikeh Kanayo , Lamkin Erica , Crompton Andrew , Deutsch Jamie , Fisher Kira , Gray Mark E. , Argyle David , Lim Won , Korzhnev Dmitry , Hadden M. Kyle , Hong Jiyong , Zhou Pei , Chatterjee Nimrat
Published: September 2021

Cancer therapy resistance is a persistent clinical challenge. Recently, inhibition of the mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) protein REV1 was shown to enhance tumor cell response to chemotherapy by triggering senescence hallmarks. These observations suggest REV1’s important role in determining cancer cell response to chemotherapy. Whether REV1 inhibition would similarly sensitize cancer cells to radiation treatment is unknown. This study reports a lack of radiosensitization in response to REV1 inhibition by small molecule inhibitors in ionizing radiation-exposed cancer cells. Instead, REV1 inhibition unexpectedly triggers autophagy, which is a known biomarker of radioresistance. Collectively, we report a possible role of REV1 TLS protein in determining cancer treatment outcomes depending upon the type of DNA damage inflicted. Furthermore, we discover REV1 inhibition directly triggers autophagy, an uncharacterized REV1 phenotype, with significant bearing on cancer treatment regimens.
Deduction of Optimal Control Strategies for a Sector-Coupled District Energy System
Authors: Grimm Adrian , Schönfeldt Patrik , Torio Herena , Klement Peter , Hanke Benedikt , von Maydell Karsten , Agert Carsten
Published: September 2021

We present a method to turn results of model-based optimisations into resilient and comprehensible control strategies. Our approach is to define priority lists for all available technologies in a district energy system. Using linear discriminant analysis and the results of the optimisations, these are then assigned to discrete time steps using a set of possible steering parameters. In contrast to the model-based optimisations, the deduced control strategies do not need perfect foresight but solely rely on data about the present. Our result indicate that the results of the control strategies obtained using the proposed method are comparable to the results of the linear optimisations, in our case in terms of emissions and prices.
Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity Comparison in Various Plant Parts of Justicia adhatoda L.
Authors: Kanta Chandra , Basar Kardak , Sharma Ishwar Prakash
Published: September 2021

There are many medicinal plants that have various medicinal properties in their different parts. The medicinal plants are major backbone of pharmaceutical industries. In this article we compare the antioxidants properties from various plants parts (root, stem, leaf, flower and bark) of the most important medicinal plant, Justicia adhatoda L. Various plant parts showed the good amount of antioxidant properties. These results enhance the medicinal properties of this plant due to the presence of good amount of antioxidants; among all the plant parts leaves and flowers showed maximum natural antioxidants, hence the study could be saying that this plant has good efficacy of antioxidants.
A New Edge betweenness Measure Using a Game Theoretical Approach : An Application to Hierarchical Community Detection
Authors: Gómez Daniel , Castro Javier , Gutiérrez García-Pardo Inmaculada , Espínola Rosa
Published: September 2021

In this paper we formally define the hierarchical clustering network problem (HCNP) as the problem to find a good hierarchical partition of a network. This new problem focuses on the dynamic process of the clustering rather than on the final picture of the clustering process. To address it, we introduce a new hierarchical clustering algorithm in networks, based on a new shortest path betweenness measure. To calculate it, the communication between each pair of nodes is weighed by the importance of the nodes that establish this communication. The weights or importance associated to each pair of nodes are calculated as the Shapley value of a game, named as the linear modularity game. This new measure, (the node-game shortest path betweenness measure), is used to obtain a hierarchical partition of the network by eliminating the link with the highest value. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, we introduce several criteria that allow us to compare different dendrograms of a network from two point of view: modularity and homogeneity. Finally, we propose a faster algorithm based on a simplification of the node-game shortest path betweenness measure, whose order is quadratic on sparse networks. This fast version is competitive from a computational point of view with other hierarchical fast algorithms, and, in general, it provides better results.
Skin Disease Detection: Machine Learning vs Deep Learning
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , Bhaumik Amiya , Poddar Sandeep
Published: September 2021

Skin disease is a very common disease for humans. In the medical industry detecting skin disease and recognizing its type is a very challenging task. Due to the complexity of human skin texture and the visual closeness effect of the diseases, sometimes it is really difficult to detect the exact type. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and recognize the skin disease at its very first observation. In today's era, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly growing in medical fields. Different machine learning (ML) and deep learning(DL) algorithms are used for diagnostic purposes. These methods drastically improve the diagnosis process and also speed up the process. In this paper, a brief comparison between the machine learning process and the deep learning process was discussed. In both processes, three different and popular algorithms are used. For the machine Learning process Bagged Tree Ensemble, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine(SVM) algorithms were used. For the deep learning process three pre-trained deep neural network models
Characterization of Yeasts Isolated From Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese Natural Whey Starter: From Spoilage Agents to Potential Cell Factories for Whey Valorization
Authors: Martini Serena , Bonazzi Mattia , Malorgio Ilaria , Pizzamiglio Valentina , Tagliazucchi Davide , Solieri Lisa
Published: September 2021

Whey is the main by-product of the dairy industry and contains sugars (lactose) and proteins (especially serum proteins and, at lesser extent, residual caseins), which can be valorized by the fermentative action of yeasts. In the present study, we characterized the spoilage yeast fraction inhabiting natural whey starter (NWS), the undefined starter culture of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria used in Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) cheesemaking, and evaluated thermotolerance, mating type, and the aptitude to produce ethanol and bioactive peptides from whey lactose and proteins, respectively, in a selected pool of strains. We found that PR NWS yeast population consists of other species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamiella pararugosa, and Torulaspora delbrueckii) in addition to the well-documented Kluyveromyces marxianus, with multiple biotypes scored within each species. Haploid and diploid K. marxianus strains were identified through MAT genotyping, while thermotolerance assay allowed the selection of strains suitable to grow up to 48 °C. In whey fermentation assay, one thermotolerant strain was suitable to release ethanol with yield of 86.5%, while another candidate was able to produce the highest amounts of both ethanol and bioactive peptides with potentially anti-hypertensive function. The present work demonstrated that PR NWS is a reservoir of ethanol and bioactive peptides producer yeasts, which can be exploited to valorize whey, in agreement with the principles of circularity and sustainability.
Optimal Power Dispatch in Energy Systems Considering Grid Constraints
Authors: Rubio Alejandro , Schuldt Frank , Klement Peter , von Maydell Karsten
Published: September 2021

As a consequence of the increasing share of renewable energies and sector coupling technologies, new approaches are needed for the study, planning, and control of modern energy systems. Such new structures may add extra stress to the electric grid, as is the case with heat pumps and electrical vehicles. Therefore, the optimal performance of the system must be estimated considering the constraints imposed by the different sectors. In this research, a dispatch optimization method with an iterative grid constraint generation, decoupled from the linear unit commitment problem, is employed. From the considered scenarios, it was found that in a typical German neighborhood with 150 households, PV penetration of ∼5kWp per household can lead to curtailment of ∼60MWh per year due to line loading. Furthermore, the proposed method eliminates grid violations due to the addition of new sectors reducing the curtailment up to 60%. With the optimization of the heat pump operation, an increase of 7% of the self-consumption was achieved with similar results for the combination of battery systems and electrical vehicles. In conclusion, a safer and optimal operation of a complex energy system is fulfilled. Safer control strategies and more accurate plant sizing could be derived from this work.
Global Quality Management System (G-QMS) in Systems of Systems (SoS) – Aspects of Definition, Structure and Model
Authors: Agmon Noga , Kordova Sigal , Shoval Shraga
Published: September 2021

The current research integrates, for the first-time, the relatively new and rapidly evolving disciplines of QMS, SoS, Globalization and Systems approaches such as Systems Thinking, by defining a novel field of research concerning G-QMS in global SoS organizations. This is an exploratory study which uses the Grounded Theory combined with an analytical review and professional experience to provide a framework for identifying new key variables in the multidimensional environment of global management. The purpose of this study is the creation a theoretical foundation for this field of research, and introduce logical deductions regarding G-QMS in global SoS organizations that can be used as foundational principles for a definition and model of G-QMS. Methodology: The study paradigm combines analytical review, which integrates the four main disciplines, and a structured qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, and used Grounded Theory. Results and conclusions: The findings show that G-QMS is a necessary condition for these organizations, while the management of G-QMS is inseparable from the management of the SoS. The final results reveal 18 aspects to be considered in any definition determined for G-QMS in global SoS organizations, and any model to be developed. From these, 8 base anchors for the model were analyzed and mapped, as well as its main factors. Each of these base anchors makes its own contribution to any further development in this area. However, considering them all together creates an initial model of G-QMS in global SoS organizations.
Analysing Discussions Around Rural Health on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Vilaseca Llobet Josep Maria
Published: September 2021

Individuals from rural areas are increasingly using social media as a means of communication, receiving information, or actively complaining of inequalities and injustices. This study captured 57 days’ worth of Twitter data from June to August 2021 related to rural health. The study utilised social network analysis and natural language processing to analyse the data. It was found that Twitter served as a fruitful platform to raise awareness of problems faced by those living in rural areas. Overall, Twitter was utilised in rural areas to express complaints, to debate, and share information. Twitter could be leveraged as a powerful social listening tool for individuals and organisations who want to gain insight into public views around rural health.
Designing an Efficient Self-Assembled Plasmonic Nanostructures from Spherical Shaped Nanoparticles
Authors: Devaraj Vasanthan , Lee Jong-Min , Kim Ye-ji , Jeong Hyuk , Oh Jin-Woo
Published: September 2021

We reveal the significance of plasmonic nanoparticle’s (NP) shape and its surface morphology en route to an efficient self-assembled plasmonic nanoparticle cluster. A simplified model is simulated in the form of free-space dimer and trimer nanostructures (NPs in shape of sphere, cube, and disk). A ~ 200 % to ~ 125% raise in near field strength (gap mode enhancement) is observed for spherical NPs in comparison with cubical NPs (from 2 nm to 8 nm gap sizes). Full-width three-quarter maximum reveals better broad-spectral optical performance in a range of ~ 100 nm (dimer) and ~ 170 nm (trimer) from spherical NPs as compared to a cube (~ 60 nm for dimer and trimer). These excellent properties for sphere-based nanostructures are merited from its dipole mode characteristics.
Issues in Tsunami Countermeasures from the Viewpoint of Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi , Hara Tadashi , Kajiwara Koichi ,   Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan,   Kochi University, Kochi, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Hyogo, Japan
Published: September 2021

The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, with its epicenter off the Sanriku coast, measured the moment magnitude of 9.0, had a maximum seismic intensity of 7 in the northern part of Miyagi Prefecture, and impacted an area of 450 km. Consequently, a variety of unprecedented problems were made apparent. In particular, the human and property damage wrecked by the ensuing tsunami triggered our response for earthquake and tsunami resistance. In addition to conventional issues, such as earthquake resistance of buildings, disruption of lifelines, liquefaction of residential land and soil structures, and tsunami damage in coastal areas, there were new challenges, such as prolongation of earthquake disaster waste treatment. During the 10 years since the 2011 earthquake, tsunami countermeasures have been reexamined, and based on the concept of multiple protections, both tangible and intangible countermeasures have been advanced. This article addresses technical problems related to complex disasters, and includes the example of actual damage to a river levee in the Iwate Prefecture and the case of a building overturned by tsunami in Onagawa City, Miyagi Prefecture. It also discusses liquefaction caused by earthquakes and lists the points to be considered when selecting tsunami evacuation buildings to tackle future tsunami disasters.
Problems of Local Disaster Management Plan at the Great East Japan Earthquake and Achievements 10 Years Later
Authors: Kagiya Hajime ,   Atomi University 1-5-2 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8687, Japan
Published: September 2021

According to the survey of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, sending and receiving of support, vertical division of organizations, business continuity, local collaboration, management of disaster prevention and mitigation, advance preparation for reconstruction, and number of personnel are listed as the problems of a local disaster management. As for these problems, the achievements are made clear by analyzing concretely the progress for 10 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake based on the data and examples. As a result it is found out that at the state level the know-how to formulate the subordinate plan of a regional disaster management plan has been summarized and the training system is being arranged to develop the human resources. And at the level of the local governments the rate of the local governments which have worked out a business continuity plan improves and the number of the personnel engaging in disaster management increases significantly. Furthermore, some remarkable advanced examples are observed in the problems of “vertical division of organizations” and “local collaboration.” In the future these measures should be implemented in the individual local governments and elaborated continuously by improving themselves through friendly rivalry.
The Effect of Disaster Volunteer Experience on the Well-Being of Young People in the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Saito Yusuke ,   Graduate School of Project Design, Miyagi University 1-1 Gakuen, Taiwa-cho, Kurokawa-gun, Miyagi 981-3298, Japan, Ishida Yu
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine how the disaster volunteer activities of young people affect the sense of well-being of those engaged in such activities and to obtain suggestions for connecting the findings to a better future for Tohoku. In the U.S., disaster management is divided into four stages: mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery. A series of studies has found differences between eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. At the disaster volunteer sites, problem-solving was done through improved autonomy and collaboration. In addition, there were many opportunities to rethink the meaning and purpose of human life. This kind of environment is conducive for people to build good relationships with others and gain autonomy and a sense of purpose in life, which are considered factors of eudaimonic well-being, which may lead to a lasting sense of well-being in their lives. We conducted a questionnaire survey and interviewed three young people who went to the area and volunteered after the Great East Japan Earthquake. From the interview survey, there was a particular influence on the change in the interviewee’s well-being due to their disaster volunteer activities. Furthermore, the impact of the unique environment with the disaster victims and other volunteers they met during the activities was significant, causing them to reexamine the fulfillment of their relationships with others and their purpose in life. On the other hand, after ten years, many issues remain to be addressed to clarify what kind of transformation these disaster volunteer activities have brought about in the lives of these individuals. How to ensure the reliability of emotions, values, and sense of well-being, which are invisible to the naked eye, is an issue for the future. Research on human well-being can contribute to addressing these emerging social issues.
West Java Regional Cultural Management UPTD in Designing Virtual Art Performances During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kartika Novianti Eka , Hidayat Dasrun
Published: September 2021

Virtual art performances are a form of program during the pandemic by the West Java Regional Cultural Management UPTD in the use of social media on YouTube. The purpose of this study was to determine the design of the virtual art performance program starting from the initial analysis stage, the production stage to the post-production by the executor of the West Java Regional Cultural Management UPTD. This research uses qualitative research with ethnographic study of public relations. This study aims to examine the behavior of public relations (PR) communication carried out by virtual art performers in collaboration with artists to carry out virtual art performances. The results of this study indicate that there are stages of the virtual art performance program, starting from the stage of situation analysis, determining the goals and objectives of the program. The stages during production are holding virtual art performances and post-production such as editing and uploading to YouTube media. Therefore, this study uses the relevant model, namely The IPPAR (Insight, Strategic Program, Program Implementation, Action and Reputation) mode in the process of virtual art performances.
Pore-Scale Oil Connectivity and Displacement by Controlled-Ionic-Composition Waterflooding Using Synchrotron X-Ray Microtomography
Authors: Qin Tianzhu , Fenter Paul , AlOtaibi Mohammed , Ayirala Subhash , AlYousef Ali
Published: September 2021

Controlled-ionic-composition waterflooding is an economic and effective method to improve oil recovery in carbonate oil reservoirs. Recent studies show controlling the salinity and ionic composition of injection water can alter the wettability of carbonate mineral surfaces. The pore-scale oil connectivity and displacement by controlled-ionic-composition waterflooding in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, especially at the early stage, is still unclear. The goal of this study is to examine the role of ion concentrations and types in the oil displacement efficiency and investigate the impact of the waterflooding on the pore-scale oil displacement using the national synchrotron facility. A carbonate rock sample was flooded with synthetic high-salinity water and other water solutions with different sulfate concentrations. The waterflooding processes were visualized with synchrotron X-ray microtomography to follow the evolution of pore-scale oil/brine interactions at typical field flow rates. Experimental results show that the water with lower sulfate concentration and higher salinity did not change the wettability of the pore surfaces. Higher sulfate ion concentrations in the water, in contrast, altered the wettability of carbonate pore surfaces from oil-wet to neutral-wet within the first few minutes of waterflooding. Novel insight was gained on the ability of water with high-sulfate concentration to displace oil in the small pores and through abundant oil channels, which could consequently lead to higher oil recovery from the carbonate rock.
Multiscale Pressure/Volume/Temperature Simulation of Decreasing Condensate/Gas Ratio at Greater than Dewpoint Pressure in Shale Gas-Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Luo Sheng , Chen Fangxuan , Zhou Dengen , Nasrabadi Hadi
Published: September 2021

In shale gas-condensate reservoirs, when the initial reservoir pressure is greater than the dewpoint pressure, the condensate/gas ratio (CGR) has been observed to decrease continuously as the pressure drops to less than the initial reservoir pressure. This abnormal behavior cannot be explained with conventional pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) models that ignore the presence of nanopores in shale rock. Herein, for the first time, we present a study that provides a physical explanation for the observed CGR trends by including the effect of nanopores on the fluid phase behavior and depletion of shale gas-condensate reservoirs. Our model uses multiscale PVT simulation by means of a pore-size-dependent equation of state (EOS). Two lean gas-condensate cases (shallow and deep reservoirs) are investigated. The simulation results show that hydrocarbons distribute heterogeneously with respect to pore size on the nanoscale. There are more intermediate to heavy hydrocarbons (C3–11+) but fewer light ends (C1–2) distributed in the nanopores than in the bulk region. At the end of depletion, because of confinement effects, large amounts of intermediate hydrocarbons are trapped in the nanopores, causing condensate recovery loss. Multiscale depletion simulations suggest that a decreasing CGR can occur at the beginning of production when the reservoir pressure is higher than the dewpoint pressure. Such behavior is caused by the nanopore depletion in the shale matrix, which is a process of selectively releasing light hydrocarbon components. We also present a novel approach to model the nonequilibrium fluid distribution between the fracture and nanopores using a simple local-equilibrium concept. Our results indicate that the nonequilibrium fluid distribution increases the CGR drop because of the compositional selectivity of the nanopore in favor of intermediate and heavy hydrocarbons.

NOTE: This paper is published as part of the 2021 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference Special Issue.
An Industry First - A Successful Managed Pressure Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Pack Project: Its Preparation, Integration, Modeling, Procedures, and Execution Results
Authors: Lin Chih-Cheng , Vives Javier , Kaura Jiten , Tallin Andrew G , Campbell Patrick , Hahn Christine , Jimenez Eduardo , Kadam Nilesh , Byargeon Jenny , Stewart Buster , Karber Derrek , Pittman Adam , Noort Roger Van , Luces Sasha , Prince John , Benson Dan , Weirich John B. , Joseph Alicia , Mukashev Nurtas , Gillette Robert , Aye Yeneapre , Smith Dave
Published: September 2021

This paper presents how a Controlled Mud Level (CML) Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) system was used to place Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Packs (HzOHGP) in low Pore Pressure Frac Gradient (PPFG) margin reservoirs. This industry-first accomplishment took extensive preparation and precise on-site coordination between CML and gravel pack operations. In the target reservoirs, the margin between the pore and fracture pressures is too small to place gravel packs using conventional methods. CML was identified as an opportunity to resolve this problem. A primary design phase goal was to develop a deep understanding of the flow paths and fluid properties at every stage of the gravel pack operation. This information is critical to evaluating the frictional pressure drops effecting the pressure in the open hole. The team developed procedures that incorporated step rate tests and real-time downhole measurements to calibrate the friction models, which were then used to precisely control the CML during the pumping jobs. CML was able to limit the downhole treating pressures to stay within the low PPFG limits. The post-job analyses showed that total screen coverage was achieved for all the jobs in the campaign, demonstrating the project team's high level of coordination, cooperation, and cross-discipline understanding. While the industry had adopted CML and HzOHGP systems separately prior to this project, this operation marks the first time they have been combined.
Expanding Horizon - A Feasibility Study on Implementing PMCD Operation Using Coiled Tubing Drilling Technology to Develop Marginal Reserves in Karstic Carbonate Reservoir, Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Ahmad Zahid Murshidi , Khalid Muhammad Idham , Effendi Shahrul Nizam Mohd , Arathoon Mark , Abidin Mohamad Zakwan Zainal , Jalil Mohamad Afzal Abdul
Published: September 2021

With the current uncertain situation regarding the stability of oil prices in the world, operators have been pushed to develop their available resources in a cost-effective way. Lately, there has been increased interest in the application of Coiled Tubing Drilling, especially for accessing bypassed hydrocarbon in mature or late-stage fields. This paper describes the feasibility study done to examine the possibility of using Coiled Tubing Drilling package/equipment to drill and complete a sidetrack well in a karstic carbonate reservoir with total losses issue by applying the principles of Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD). This will be the first time that such method is being utilized for developing karstic carbonate reservoirs in Offshore Malaysia. The paper will go through the background of the project (generic field information, reservoir properties, well design and architecture), the critical design elements for the system (technical requirements, safety standards, operational and logistical factors) and the contingency scenarios considered. Based on the aforementioned items, a fit-for-purpose Coiled Tubing Drilling equipment arrangement together with suitable PMCD method and light annular mud (LAM) selection were proposed to cater for the specific challenges of the well. It was concluded that the application of PMCD using Coiled Tubing Drilling Package is feasible with some modification to the equipment, line up and operational procedures.
Analysis of Riser Gas Pressure from Full-Scale Gas-in-Riser Experiments with Instrumentation
Authors: Kunju Mahendra R , Almeida Mauricio A
Published: September 2021

As the use of adaptive drilling process like Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) facilitates drilling of otherwise non-drillable wells with faster corrective action, the drilling industry should review some of the misconceptions to produce more efficient well control methods. This paper discusses results from full-scale experiments recently conducted in an extensively instrumented test well at Louisiana State University (LSU) and demonstrate that common expectations regarding the potential for high/damaging internal riser pressures resulting from upward transport or aggregation of riser gas are unfounded, particularly when compressibility of riser and its contents are considered. This research also demonstrates the minimal fluid bleed volumes required to reduce pressure build-up consequences of free gas migration in a fully closed riser.
First Managed Pressure Cementing with 7" Liner Overcoming a Challenging ERD Well Offshore Madura
Authors: Samudera Galih , Ali Hafidz , Bin Musa Mohammad Zarir , Fauzi Helmi , Rubianto Irwan , Kumar Avinash Kishore , Hen Lau Chee , Azrai Remy
Published: September 2021

ZX was a development well located in offshore Madura, Indonesia. ZX was classified as an Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) well with 2.40 ERD ratio. ZX well was in KX field which known to have several drilling hazards. The formation had multiple lost circulation zones below the 9 5/8" casing shoe that was prone to total and partial losses due to combination depleted formation in the upper side and the nature of karst or fractured carbonate formation in middle and lower part of the interval. In addition, the bottom part of the hole section had the problematic wellbore instability. These hazards led to the necessity to closely monitor and control the pressure profile throughout the operation to find balance between loss circulation and wellbore stability to ensure an efficient and safe operation.

An automated managed pressure drilling (MPD) system was used to precisely control bottom hole pressure. MPD system was used to drill 8-1/2" section of ZX well smoothly to target depth and geological objective was achieved without NPT. MPD cementing was performed successfully for 7" liner operation. This was the first managed pressure cementing (MPC) operation in offshore Madura and the application mitigated the loss circulation and avoided the unnecessary remedial cementing job.

The paper shared the success MPD story of extremely narrow window ERD well in offshore Madura, Indonesia. It aimed to describe the application of MPD for this specific ERD case from planning phase to execution phase as well as the lesson learned.
Reclaiming the Operating Window: A Managed Pressure Cementing Workflow to Achieve Zonal Isolation Success in a Mature Field
Authors: Smith Jeffrey , Rossi Lucas , Mehler Christopher , Eberhardt Jon Todd , Scarborough Christopher , Leemhuis Jacob , Essam Wael
Published: September 2021

Successfully cementing production casing strings is one of the main challenges of well construction in mature fields. The implementation of cementing best practices can be difficult in the narrow pore pressure-fracture pressure (PPFG) window associated with reservoir depletion and complex well architecture. The increased risk of losses can lead operating teams to compromise on these best practices, often jeopardizing the zonal isolation objectives. This can result in significant additional time, cost, and production deferral/loss.

Managed pressure cementing (MPC) is a viable technique to address these challenges. Using the managed pressure drilling (MPD) system's capability to precisely control bottomhole pressure, coupled with the use of mud weights that are lower than conventionally needed can expand the PPFG window; enabling operating teams to achieve a higher success rate in meeting the zonal isolation objectives.

This paper will offer an optimized design methodology and critical considerations and parameters for MPC operations. It will also briefly describe the primary applications of MPC and specific, unique design considerations associated with each, namely, (1) mud weight less than pore pressure (PP), (2) losses prevention, and (3) wellbore stability control. Lastly, it will provide a case history illustrating how MPC was used in one of the operator's mature fields, by giving an overview of the job engineering design process, the operational planning (inclusive of contingencies), and the key highlights and learnings observed during execution.
Evolution Characteristics and Relationship of Meteorological and Hydrological Droughts from 1961 to 2018 in Hanjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Jianyun , Elmahdi Amgad , Shu Zhangkang , Bao Zhenxin , Peng Tao , Lin Qingxia , Wang Guoqing
Published: September 2021

In the context of global warming and increasing human activities, the acceleration of the water cycle will increase the risk of basin drought. In this study, to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of hydrological and meteorological droughts over the Hanjiang River Basin (HRB); the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) were selected and applied for the period 1961–2018. In addition, the cross-wavelet method was used to discuss the relationship between hydrological drought and meteorological droughts. The results and analysis indicated that: (1) the meteorological drought in the HRB showed a complex cyclical change trend of flood-drought-flood from 1961 to 2018. The basin drought began to intensify from 1990s and eased in 2010s. The characteristics of drought evolution in various regions are different based on scale. (2) During the past 58 years, the hydrological drought in the HRB has shown a significant trend of intensification, particularly in autumn season. Also, the hydrological droughts had occurred frequently since the 1990s, and there were also regional differences in the evolution characteristics of drought in various regions. (3) Reservoir operation reduces the frequency of extreme hydrological drought events. The effect of reducing the duration and intensity of hydrological drought events by releasing water from the reservoir is most obvious at Huangjiagang Station, which is the nearest to Danjiangkou Reservoir. (4) The hydrological drought and meteorological drought in the HRB have the strongest correlation on the yearly scale. After 1990, severe human activities and climate change are not only reduced the correlation between hydrological drought and meteorological drought in the middle and lower reaches of the basin, but also reduced the lag time between them. Among them, the hydrological drought in the upper reaches of the basin lags behind the meteorological drought by 1 month, and the hydrological drought in the middle and lower reaches of the basin has changed from 2 months before 1990 to 1 month lagging after 1990.
QTL Mapping for 1000-grain Weight and Its Main Components in Wheat
Authors: zhang hong , Bao Yin-guang , Li Xing-feng , Feng De-shun , Wang Hong-gang
Published: September 2021

In order to identify QTLs for 1000-grain weight and its main component traits in wheat, a high-density genetic link map was constructed using a F8:9 recombined inbred line (RIL) population as material and exploiting the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as well as PCR-based molecular markers, and to go a step further, QTL mapping for 1000-grain weight, grain length, and grain width in wheat was conducted. The linkage map was composed of 1257 loci formed by the 3916 markers, including 143 SSR markers and 3773 SNP markers, which were distributed on 22 chromosomes (2A chromosome formed a break point) with the total length of 2291.6 cM and the average genetic distance between loci of 1.82 cM. A total of 41 qualitative trait loci (QTLs) on 19 chromosomes were detected, with contributions to phenotypic variance ranged from 3.59–58.49% for each QTL. Among these QTLs, two were detected in four environments, six in three environments, and 14 in two environments. Fifteen important loci with multi-effect were mapped on 9 chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7B, involving 37 QTLs that accounted for 90.2% of total numbers of QTLs detected. Of these 15 loci, including one on chromosome 7A flanked by the markers Tdurum_contig77759_5 and BS00062425_51, which consisted of QTLs controlling TGW, GL, and GW and explained 4.2 to 58.49% of the phenotypic variation in these traits. Thus, the chromosome intervals of the 15 loci were important areas controlling the expression of 1000-grain weight and its main component traits in wheat.
Estimating the Methane Emissions and Energy Potential from Trichy and Thanjavur Dumpsite by LandGEM Model
Authors: Busetty Subramanyam
Published: September 2021

One major factor, contributing to the emission of greenhouse gas in the environment is generation of hazardous gases in municipal landfills. Due to these potential negative impacts, it is obligatory to estimate the amount and type of landfill gasses to design and build a gas collecting system. Landfill gas emissions are governed by the type of waste, its biodegradability, its methane emission potential, the degree of separation and other miscellaneous factors. There are various US EPA recommendation model. The Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) is one the conventional model and also provides better estimation compared to other method. It is used to the amount of gases produced in the landfills of Trichy (Ariyamangalam) landfill and Thanjavur (Srinivasapuram) landfills have been predicted. According to the results, the largest amount of landfill gas emissions would be in 1993 for Trichy (Ariyamangalam) landfill and in 2027 for Thanjavur (Srinivasapuram) landfill. The total amount of produced gas, methane and carbon dioxide would be 16.2E + 10, 8.2E + 10 and 16.2 + 10 cubic meters per year in 1993 for trichy and 13E + 6, 5E + 6 and 13E + 6 cubic meters per year in 2027 for Thanjavur.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Sitagliptin Phosphate/Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects: A Randomized, Open, Crossover Study
Authors: SHI Ping , LIU Xin , LI Ting , SUN Fei-fei , LIU Yan-ping , LIU Shu-qin , GAO Xiao-meng , MA Ya-ping , FU Yao , CAO Yu
Published: September 2021

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence between Sitagliptin Phosphate/metformin Hydrochloride Tablets (test formulation) at a single dose of 50mg/850mg and Sitagliptin Phosphate/metformin Hydrochloride Tablets (reference formulation, JANUMET®) at a single dose of 50mg/850mg in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods The study was designed as a randomized, open-lable, two-period double-crossover trial. A total of 24 volunteers under fasting condition and 24 subjects under fed condition were given a single oral dose of 50mg/850mg Sitagliptin Phosphate/metformin Hydrochloride Tablets of test and reference, respectively. Liquid chromatography Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used to determine the concentrations of sitagliptin and metformin in the plasma of subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 7.0 program and the bioequivalence was evaluated by SAS 9. 4program. Results The 90% confidential interval (CI) of geometric mean ratio under fasting condition for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of sitagliptin between the test group and the reference group were 101.70%-120.62%, 99.81%-105.61%, 100.27%-106.12% and metformin were 90.39%-111.48%, 94.76%-109.12%, 95.76%-110.38%. The 90% CI of geometric mean ratio under fed condition for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ between the test group and the reference group were 102.12%-117.31%, 100.80%-107.81%, 100.82%-107.78% and metformin were 95.53%-105.22%, 92.76%-103.07%, 93.40%-104.14%. Both were generally well tolerated.Conclusion The two formulations of Sitagliptin Phosphate/metformin Hydrochloride Tablets were bioequivalent under fasting and fed condition in healthy Chinese subjects.Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry (trial ID: NCT04877106).