bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Based Content-Agnostic Viewport Prediction for 360-Degree Video
Authors: Van Damme Sam , Vega Maria Torres , De Turck Filip
Published: February 2022

Accurate and fast estimations or predictions of the (near) future location of the users of head-mounted devices within the virtual omnidirectional environment open a plethora of opportunities in application domains such as interactive immersive gaming and tele-surgery. Therefore, the past years have seen growing attention to models for viewport prediction in 360֯ environments. Among the approaches, content-agnostic, trajectory-based methods have the potential to provide very fast solutions, as they do not require complex analysis of the videos to provide a prediction. However, accurate trajectory-based viewport prediction is rather difficult due to the intrinsic variability in user behaviour. Furthermore, even when making use of machine learning, current approaches tend to be brute-force and heavily tailored to specific datasets with little comparison to existing benchmarks or publicly available studies. This article presents a generic, content-agnostic viewport prediction method consisting of a window-based approach combined with a preprocessing system to classify behavioural patterns in terms of user clustering and trajectory correlation. Moreover, as the state of the art does not provide a comparative analysis of different approaches, this work contributes to this. Based on the obtained results, a combined prediction model is proposed and evaluated. Our method shows a 36.8% to 53.9% improvement when compared to the static prediction baseline for a prediction horizon of 8 seconds. In addition, a 11.5% to 24.0% improvement to a brute-force machine learning prediction approach is obtained. As such, this work contributes towards the creation of more generic and structured solutions for content-agnostic viewport prediction in terms of data representation, preprocessing and modelling.
Moment is Important: Language-Based Video Moment Retrieval via Adversarial Learning
Authors: Zeng Yawen , Cao Da , Lu Shaofei , Zhang Hanling , Xu Jiao , Qin Zheng
Published: February 2022

The newly emerging language-based video moment retrieval task aims at retrieving a target video moment from an untrimmed video given a natural language as the query. It is more applicable in reality since it is able to accurately localize a specific video moment, as compared to traditional whole video retrieval. In this work, we propose a novel solution to thoroughly investigate the language-based video moment retrieval issue under the adversarial learning. The key of our solution is to formulate the language-based video moment retrieval task as an adversarial learning problem with two tightly connected components. Specifically, a reinforcement learning is employed as a generator to produce a set of possible video moments. Meanwhile, a multi-task learning is utilized as a discriminator, which integrates inter-modal and intra-modal in a unified framework by employing a sequential update strategy. Finally, the generator and the discriminator are mutually reinforced in the adversarial learning, which is able to jointly optimize the performance of both video moment ranking and video moment localization. Extensive experimental results on two challenging benchmarks, i.e., Charades-STA and TACoS datasets, have well demonstrated the effectiveness and rationality of our proposed solution. Meanwhile, on the larger and unbiased datasets, i.e., ActivityNet Captions and ActivityNet-CD, our proposed framework exhibits excellent robustness.
Algorithm 1020: Computation of Multi-Degree Tchebycheffian B-Splines
Authors: Speleers Hendrik
Published: February 2022

Multi-degree Tchebycheffian splines are splines with pieces drawn from extended (complete) Tchebycheff spaces, which may differ from interval to interval, and possibly of different dimensions. These are a natural extension of multi-degree polynomial splines. Under quite mild assumptions, they can be represented in terms of a so-called multi-degree Tchebycheffian B-spline (MDTB-spline) basis; such basis possesses all the characterizing properties of the classical polynomial B-spline basis. We present a practical framework to compute MDTB-splines, and provide an object-oriented implementation in
Matlab
. The implementation supports the construction, differentiation, and visualization of MDTB-splines whose pieces belong to Tchebycheff spaces that are null-spaces of constant-coefficient linear differential operators. The construction relies on an extraction operator that maps local Tchebycheffian Bernstein functions to the MDTB-spline basis of interest.
Ginkgo: A Modern Linear Operator Algebra Framework for High Performance Computing
Authors: Anzt Hartwig , Cojean Terry , Flegar Goran , Göbel Fritz , Grützmacher Thomas , Nayak Pratik , Ribizel Tobias , Tsai Yuhsiang Mike , Quintana-Ortí Enrique S.
Published: February 2022

In this article, we presentGinkgo, a modern C++ math library for scientific high performance computing. While classical linear algebra libraries act on matrix and vector objects,Ginkgo’s design principle abstracts all functionality as “linear operators,” motivating the notation of a “linear operator algebra library.”Ginkgo’s current focus is oriented toward providing sparse linear algebra functionality for high performance graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures, but given the library design, this focus can be easily extended to accommodate other algorithms and hardware architectures. We introduce this sophisticated software architecture that separates core algorithms from architecture-specific backends and provide details on extensibility and sustainability measures. We also demonstrateGinkgo’s usability by providing examples on how to use its functionality inside the MFEM and deal.ii finite element ecosystems. Finally, we offer a practical demonstration ofGinkgo’s high performance on state-of-the-art GPU architectures.
Fully Unsupervised Person Re-Identification via Selective Contrastive Learning
Authors: Pang Bo , Zhai Deming , Jiang Junjun , Liu Xianming
Published: February 2022

Person re-identification (ReID) aims at searching the same identity person among images captured by various cameras. Existing fully supervised person ReID methods usually suffer from poor generalization capability caused by domain gaps. Unsupervised person ReID has attracted a lot of attention recently, because it works without intensive manual annotation and thus shows great potential in adapting to new conditions. Representation learning plays a critical role in unsupervised person ReID. In this work, we propose a novel selective contrastive learning framework for fully unsupervised feature learning. Specifically, different from traditional contrastive learning strategies, we propose to use multiple positives and adaptively selected negatives for defining the contrastive loss, enabling to learn a feature embedding model with stronger identity discriminative representation. Moreover, we propose to jointly leverage global and local features to construct three dynamic memory banks, among which the global and local ones are used for pairwise similarity computation and the mixture memory bank are used for contrastive loss definition. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method in unsupervised person ReID compared with the state of the art. Our code is available at
https://github.com/pangbo1997/Unsup_ReID.git
.
An Algorithm for the Complete Solution of the Quartic Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Drmač Zlatko , Glibić Ivana Šain
Published: February 2022

The quartic eigenvalue problem (λ
4
A
+λ
3
B
+λ
2
C
+λ
D
+
E
)
x
= 0 naturally arises in a plethora of applications, such as when solving the Orr–Sommerfeld equation in the stability analysis of the Poiseuille flow, in theoretical analysis and experimental design of locally resonant phononic plates, modeling a robot with electric motors in the joints, calibration of catadioptric vision system, or, for example, computation of the guided and leaky modes of a planar waveguide. This article proposes a new numerical method for the full solution (all eigenvalues and all left and right eigenvectors) that, starting with a suitable linearization, uses an initial, structure-preserving reduction designed to reveal and deflate a certain number of zero and infinite eigenvalues before the final linearization is forwarded to the QZ algorithm. The backward error in the reduction phase is bounded column wise in each coefficient matrix, which is advantageous if the coefficient matrices are graded. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm is capable of computing the eigenpairs with small residuals, and that it is competitive with the available state-of-the-art methods.
Stress-induced neuroplasticity in the gastric response to brainstem oxytocin in male rats
Authors: Jiang Yanyan , Zimmerman Julia E. , Browning Kirsteen N. , Travagli R. Alberto
Published: February 2022

The prototypical antistress hormone, oxytocin (OXT), modulates gastric tone and motility via vagal pathways, and descending hypothalamic-brainstem OXT neurocircuits play a major role in the vagally dependent adaptation of gastric motility and tone to stress. The current study suggests that in the neurocircuits, which modulate gastric tone and motility, stress induces neuroplasticity in the response to OXT and may reflect the dysregulation observed in stress-exacerbated functional motility disorders.
Research on Creep Characteristics and the Model of Artificial Frozen Soil
Authors: Zhang Chaochao , Li Dongwei , Luo Changtai , Wang Zecheng , Chen Guanren
Published: February 2022

To study the long-term stability of the large-scale freezing project, the longest subway connecting channel constructed by the artificial freezing method in China is taken as the background. The uniaxial compressive strength test, triaxial shear test, and triaxial creep test of artificial frozen soil under different temperatures were carried out by using the MTS 370.25 mechanical testing machine. A series of triaxial creep tests for artificial frozen soil under different stresses and temperatures were carried out. Based on the creep test results, a fractional-order constitutive model of frozen silt with sand was proposed. Comparing the calculated results with the tested ones, it is found that the proposed fractional-order model can simulate the properties of frozen silt with sand very well. Compared with the other creep models of frozen soil, the proposed model here has higher accuracy and strong stress sensitivity. Through the simulation of the connecting channel construction and comparison with the observed data in site, the effectiveness of the model is verified, which further verifies that the model has important guiding significance for the freezing project.
Acupuncture as Treatment for Female Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Quan Kewei , Yu Chuyi , Wen Xiaohui , Lin Qiuping , Wang Naiping , Ma Hongxia
Published: February 2022

Background. The effects of acupuncture on female infertility remain controversial. Also, the variation in the participant, interventions, outcomes studied, and trial design may relate to the efficacy of adjuvant acupuncture. The aim of the study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for female with infertility and hopefully provide reliable guidance for clinicians and patients. Methods. We searched digital databases for relevant studies, including EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of acupuncture on women undergoing IVF and other treatment. We included studies with intervention groups using acupuncture and control groups consisting of no acupuncture or sham (placebo) acupuncture. Primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR). Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted on the basis of ten prespecified covariates to investigate the variances of the effects of adjuvant acupuncture on pregnancy rates and the sources of heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-seven studies with 7676 participants were included. The results showed that the intervention group contributes more in outcomes including live birth rate (RR = 1.34; 95% CI (1.07, 1.67);

P
<
0.05

), clinical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.43; 95% CI (1.21, 1.69);

P
<
0.05

), biochemical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.42; 95% CI (1.05, 1.91);

P
<
0.05

), ongoing pregnancy rate (RR = 1.25; 95% CI (0.88, 1.79);

P
<
0.05

), adverse events (RR = 1.65; 95% CI (1.15, 2.36);

P
<
0.05

), and implantation rate (MD = 1.19; 95% CI (1.07, 1.33);

P
<
0.05

) when compared with the control group, and the difference is statistically significant. In terms of the number of oocytes retrieved, good-quality embryo rate, miscarriages, and ectopic pregnancy rate, the difference between the acupuncture group and the control group was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our analysis finds a benefit of acupuncture for outcomes in women with infertility, and the number of acupuncture treatments is a potential influential factor. Given the poor reporting and methodological flaws of existing studies, studies with larger scales and better methodologies are needed to verify these findings. More double-blind RCTs equipped with high quality and large samples are expected for the improvement of the level of evidence.
Accumulative Quantization for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search
Authors: Ai Liefu , Tao Yong , Cheng Hongjun , Wang Yuanzhi , Xie Shaoguo , Liu Deyang , Zheng Xin
Published: February 2022

To further improve the approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search performance, an accumulative quantization (AQ) is proposed and applied to effective ANN search. It approximates a vector with the accumulation of several centroids, each of which is selected from a different codebook. To provide accurate approximation for an input vector, an iterative optimization is designed when training codebooks for improving their approximation power. Besides, another optimization is introduced into offline vector quantization procedure for the purpose of minimizing overall quantization errors. A hypersphere-based filtration mechanism is designed when performing AQ-based exhaustive ANN search to reduce the number of candidates put into sorting, thus yielding better search time efficiency. For a query vector, a self-centered hypersphere is constructed, so that those vectors not lying in the hypersphere are filtered out. Experimental results on public datasets demonstrate that hypersphere-based filtration can improve ANN search time efficiency with no weakening of search accuracy; besides, the proposed AQ is superior to the state of the art on ANN search accuracy.
On Neutrosophic Extension of the Maxwell Model: Properties and Applications
Authors: Shah Faisal , Aslam Muhammad , Khan Zahid , Almazah Mohammed M. A. , Alduais Fuad S.
Published: February 2022

This work presents the neutrosophic Maxwell distribution (NMD) as a novel probability distribution. The proposed model represents a generalized design of Maxwell distribution that provides more analytical flexibility for data, including all imprecise observations or some degree of vagueness within the dataset. Important reliability characteristics and distributional properties of NMD are developed under the notion of neutrosophy. The neutrosophic forms of some commonly used functions in applied statistics such as mean, variance, moment generating function, and shape coefficients are explored. In view of uncertainties involved in the processing data and indeterminacy in the defined parameters, an estimation framework using the maximum likelihood approach is established. Additionally, the quantile function is developed to validate the distributional properties of NMD. The efficiency of the neutrosophic estimate has been studied through a Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, real data on the incubation period of COVID-19 are considered for numerical illustration, and further extensions of the NMD for future research works are discussed.
Dynamic Windage Yaw Angle and Dynamic Wind Load Factor of a Suspension Insulator String
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Yue Jiahao , Savory Eric , Yan Zhitao , Chen Jiahao , Zhang Bin , Peng Liuliu
Published: February 2022

A simplified calculation method is proposed for determining the peak dynamic windage yaw angle

φ
^

of electricity transmission line (TL) tower suspension insulator strings (SISs). According to the rigid-body rule, the geometric stiffness matrix in the calculation of the windage yaw angle

φ

of SISs is dominated by the average wind loads, while the fluctuating wind loads are the dominant factor in the elastic stiffness. With the average wind state of conductors as the initial calculation condition, the load-response-correlation (LRC) method can be used to determine the fluctuating windage yaw angle

φ

d

and the corresponding equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). Then, the improved rigid straight rod model, which uses the actual length of conductors rather than the projected length, was used to determine the average windage yaw angle

φ
¯

. Through the linear superposition of the horizontal increments of

φ
¯

and

φ
^

d

(the peak value of

φ

d

), the formulae to calculate the

φ
^

of SISs were derived. Additionally, the formulae for the dynamic wind load factor,

β

c

, which is a key factor in designing wind loads for

φ

, were derived according to the principle of ESWLs, rather than being empirically determined by the Chinese code. Thus, the calculation model regarding the loads and response for the

φ

of SISs was established, and an actual TL was used to verify the established calculation model. Afterward, the influence of the different engineering design parameters on

φ

and its

β

c

were analyzed. The parameter analyses show that the wind speed, span, and ground roughness influence the magnitudes of

φ
^

and

β

c

, however, the height difference between the two suspension points of the conductors, the nominal height, and the sag-to-span ratio may be neglected in the approximate calculation. Our method offers a new solution to TL design when there are large deformations and small strains.
Joint Ordering and Selling Policy for Storable Agricultural Products in Contract Farming
Authors: Wenbing Shui , Chen Xinrui
Published: February 2022

With the farming mode widely promoted in many countries around the world, agricultural enterprises need to face risks from both supply and sales at the same time. Especially for storable agricultural products, it is also necessary to consider the potential profits and losses brought about by the sales of multi-period. This paper establishes a joint ordering and selling decision model under multiperiod random supply and demand. The model takes the maximum expected profit of agricultural enterprises as the goal, considers the constraints of production capacity and the risk preference coefficient of shortage, and makes decisions on the order and sales quantity in each cycle. The feasibility of the model was verified by taking China Yunnan Pu’er tea as a specific example. Finally, through numerical examples, the influence of important parameters on the joint ordering and selling strategy is as follows: order cost is the main factor affecting the order quantity. When the order cost increases to a certain level, the solving algorithm will make a decision that would rather be out of stock than to order. With the increase in selling price, inventory holding cost, and shortage cost, there will be an increasing trend of the sales quantity allocated to this period. Compared with other parameters, selling price and inventory holding cost have a more remarkable impact on sales quantity. In addition, enterprises can increase their expected profits of storable agricultural products by controlling the inventory holding cost, appropriately reducing the risk preference coefficient, and increasing the level of the selling price.
Design of PPP Project under Computer Network and Different Capital Structures
Authors: Chen Shuting
Published: February 2022

In order to address the applicability of the PPP project auction system in the current market, this paper studies the mechanism and related models of PPP projects under different capital structures and improved approach of selecting items only by price, using computer network systems and heuristic algorithms. The electronic reverse auction (ERA) of PPP projects under different capital structures under the diversified environment is established. This paper selects the traditional government procurement model as the reference group. The ERA of PPP projects under the computer network background and different capital structures was selected as the observation group, through the comparative analysis of the procurement cost, the negotiation time cost, the supplier selection range, the project construction efficiency, the project cost, and other aspects. The correlation and feasibility were also tested by a bivariate t test. The results suggest that the system automates PPP project selection, it can realize the optimization of each comprehensive level of the survey project, meet the procurement needs of different funds, improve the procurement efficiency, and reduce procurement costs; in the context of computer networks, the ERA of PPP projects under different capital structures can effectively save the cost of buyers and bidders and improve cost-saving efficiency. Different from the traditional auction mechanism, it is no longer an auction. Even shopping around can make the auctioneer or bidder get best interests. The ERA mechanism developed under the background of this new computer network provides new possibilities and impetus for the further development of the auction mechanism.
Tetrandrine Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice by Alleviating Neutrophil Activities
Authors: Lu Qingyi , Jiang Haixu , Zhu Qingqing , Xu Jie , Cai Yanan , Huo Guiyang , Yuan Kai , Huang Guangrui , Xu Anlong
Published: February 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease worldwide. Neutrophils play critical roles in the onset and development of RA and are the promising target for RA treatment. Tetrandrine is a bis-benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herbal Stephania tetrandra S. Moore. Tetrandrine is effective in alleviating RA by inhibiting macrophage inflammatory response, fibroblast overproliferation, and pannus formation. However, whether tetrandrine regulates the activities of neutrophils in RA is largely unknown. In this study, we adopted adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) murine model to explore the effect of tetrandrine on RA and neutrophils. Twenty-eight mice were divided into four groups. The control group was injected with PBS in the limbs and treated with PBS by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) from Day 10 to Day 37. The arthritis murine model was induced by injecting FCA into the ankle joints of hind limbs. The AA group, the AA + TET group, and the AA + DEX group mice were treated with PBS, tetrandrine (6 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) i.p. daily, respectively. Arthritic scores were evaluated, and the joint diameter was measured every three days. A cytometric bead assay was performed to measure the concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the serum. H&E staining and Safranin O-fast staining were adopted to monitor the tissue changes in the joint. Immunohistochemistry assays were applied to detect the MPO, NE, CitH3, and PAD4 expression levels. To assess the effect of tetrandrine on neutrophil activities in vitro, CCK8 tests were applied to determine cell viability. The qPCR and ELISA were performed to determine IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels. Immunofluorescence assays were performed to measure the formation of NETs. The results indicated that tetrandrine significantly alleviated the symptoms of RA in terms of the ankle diameter (from 4.629 ± 2.729 to 3.957 ± 0.257;

P
<
0.01

) and ankle score (from 4.000 ± 0.000 to 3.286 ± 0.756;

P
<
0.05

). Tetrandrine treatment significantly increased the cartilage areas and decreased serum IL-6 significantly (from 5.954 ± 2.127 to 2.882 ± 2.013;

P
<
0.01

). The immunohistochemistry assays also showed decreased expression levels of NE, MPO, PAD4, and CitH3 induced by tetrandrine in comparison with the AA group (

P
<
0.01

). The qPCR assays and ELISAs showed that tetrandrine had an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro by significantly inhibiting IL-6 (

P
<
0.01

). The immunofluorescence assays showed that NET formation induced by PMA could be reduced by tetrandrine (

P
<
0.01

). In conclusion, tetrandrine has good efficacy in treating RA by regulating neutrophil-involved inflammation and NET formation.
Antioxidant, Anticancer, and PXR-Dependent CYP3A4 Attributes of Schweinfurthia papilionacea (Burm.f.) Boiss., Tricholepis glaberrima DC. and Viola stocksii Boiss
Authors: Shahbaz Amir , Iqbal Javed , Abbasi Banzeer Ahsan , Akhtar Wasim , Fatima Iram , Zahra Syeda Anber , Kanwal Sobia , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Sher Hassan , Mahmood Tariq , Cho William C.
Published: February 2022

Present study established the biological potential of Schweinfurthia papilionacea, Tricholepis glaberrima and Viola stocksii extracts for their potential applications in drug formulations. Initially, FTIR was performed to ascertain functional groups and then plant extracts were prepared using five solvents depending on the polarity. Total phenolic contents were observed in the range of 36.36 ± 1.08 mg GAE/g to 95.55 ± 2.46 mg GAE/g while flavonoid contents were found in the range of 10.51 ± 0.25 mg QE/g to 22.17 ± 1.79 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity was determined using TRP, CUPRAC, TAC and DPPH assays and was recorded highest in S. papilionacea followed by T. glaberrima extracts. TPC and TFC were found to be strongly correlated with TRP (r > 0.50), CUPRAC (r > 0.53) and DPPH (r = 0.31 and 0.72) assay while weakly correlated with TAC (r = 0.08 and 0.03) as determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Anticancer activity showed that S. papilionacea chloroform extracts possess highest cell viability (85.04 ± 4.24%) against HepG2 cell lines while T. glaberrima chloroform extracts exhibited highest activity (82.80 ± 2.68%) against HT144 cell lines. Afterwards, highest PXR activation was observed in T. glaberrima (3.49 ± 0.34 μg/mL fold) at 60 μg/mL and was correlated with increase in CYP3A4 activity (15.0 ± 3.00 μg/mL IC50 value). Furthermore, antimalarial activity revealed >47600 IC50 value against P. falciparum D6 and P. falciparum W2 and antimicrobial assay indicated highest activity (32 ± 2.80 mm) in S. papilionacea against C. neoformans. At the end, GC-MS analysis of n-hexane plant extracts showed 99.104% of total identified compounds in T. glaberrima and 94.31% in V. stocksii. In conclusion, present study provides insight about the different biological potentials of S. papilionacea and T. glaberrima extracts that rationalize the applications of these extracts in functional foods and herbal drugs for the management of oxidative-stress related diseases, antimicrobial infections and liver and skin cancer.
Kannan Nonexpansive Mappings on Variable Exponent Function Space of Complex Variables with Some Applications
Authors: Mohamed Elsayed A. E. , Bakery Awad A.
Published: February 2022

This paper establishes the reality of a fixed point of Kannan’s prequasinorm contraction mapping on the variable exponent function space of complex variables, demonstrating that it satisfies the property (R) and possesses a prequasinormal structure. We have established the presence of a fixed point of Kannan prequasinorm nonexpansive mapping on it and Kannan prequasinorm contraction mapping in the prequasi-Banach operator ideal, created by this function space ands-numbers. Finally, we provide some applications for solutions to summable equations and illustrate instances to corroborate our findings.
Distribution, Progression, and Associated Factors of Refractive Status of Children in Lhasa, Tibet, after COVID-19 Quarantine
Authors: Yao Yao , Fu Jing , Liu Jiawen , Li Lei , Chen Weiwei , Meng Zhaojun , Dai Wei
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Uncorrected refractive error is one of the major causes of visual impairment in children and adolescents worldwide. During the COVID-19 epidemic, home isolation is considered a boost to the progression of children’s myopia. Under geographical conditions of high altitude and strong sunshine, the Tibetan plateau is the main residence of the Tibetan population, where little information is available about the refractive status and developmental trajectory. Therefore, this article aimed to evaluate the distribution, progression, and associated factors of the refractive status in second-grade children in Lhasa after COVID-19 quarantine. Materials and Methods: Students from 7 elementary schools completed comprehensive ocular examinations in the Lhasa Childhood Eye Study. Data regarding cycloplegic refraction and corneal biometry parameters, including axial length (AL), corneal power, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and other demographic factors, were analyzed. Results: A total of 1,819 students were included, with a mean age of 7.9 ± 0.5 years, of which 961 were boys (52.8%), and 95.1% were Tibetan. The prevalence of myopia, emmetropia, mild hyperopia, and hyperopia was 10.94%, 24.02%, 60.80%, and 4.24%, respectively. Besides, the average cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was +1.07 ± 0.92 diopter (D) before the COVID-19 quarantine and +0.59 ± 1.08D after the quarantine (p < 0.05), with a growth rate of 7%. Moreover, the prevalence of hyperopia in girls was significantly higher than that of boys (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, the proportion of myopia and emmetropia was similar (p = 0.75). Meanwhile, children in suburban schools had a significantly lower proportion of myopia (p < 0.001). The average AL, ACD, lens power (LP), and AL-to-corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio were 22.79 ± 0.78 mm, 3.54 ± 0.21 mm, 25.12 ± 1.48D, and 2.93 ± 0.08, respectively. The results of AL, ACD, and AL/CR for girls were significantly lower than for boys, while the result of LP is the opposite (p < 0.001). Finally, multivariate regression analysis revealed that SER was negatively correlated with AL, LP, and AL/CR ratio, while positively correlated with CR and ACD (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that after the COVID-19 confinement, myopia progressed faster in Lhasa children but was still significantly lower than that of plain cities in China. Compared to short-term confinement, this acceleration was more likely related to the growth and general trend of myopia in children. Collectively, these findings help to explore the differences in ocular growth and development among children of different ethnic groups.
Africanos escravizados na expansão cacaueira de Ilhéus-Bahia, 1850- 1888
Authors: Andrade Marcelo Loyola de
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa os africanos escravizados em Ilhéus, sul da Bahia, entre os anos de 1850 e 1888, período de expansão da lavoura cacaueira. O foco recai nas atividades econômicas que estavam inseridos e nas características demográficas da população. As fontes privilegiadas são inventários post mortem e o Recenseamento Geral do Império do Brasil de 1872. A proposta é enfatizar que a escravidão impôs constantes situações de vulnerabilidade, envolvendo a exploração do trabalho e a separação de muitas famílias por meio das vendas e doações, realizadas durante a partilha dos bens entre os herdeiros. Nesse contexto, em que comumente eram tratadas como mercadorias, eles reagiram de diversas maneiras.
“Neo zumbilismo é agora”: 20 de novembro e consciência negra no Brasil
Authors: Lopes Juliana Serzedello Crespim
Published: February 2022

Tido como data-símbolo da população negra no Brasil, o 20 de novembro (Dia Nacional de Zumbi e da Consciência Negra) é reivindicado por organizações negras como uma contraposição às tradicionais comemorações do 13 de maio, dia da assinatura da Lei Áurea em 1888. Este artigo discute o conceito de Consciência Negra, considerando-se as reflexões de Biko (1990), Fanon (2008), Mbembe (2014), Souza (1983), Nascimento (2018) e Gonzales (1982). Com base nas categorias propostas por tais autores/as, serão analisadas fontes tais como documentos inaugurais do Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU), manifestos e vídeos das Marchas para Zumbi em finais do século XX. Assim, o artigo discute o processo que se concretiza nas leis 10.639/2003 e 12.519/11, reconhecendo o 20 de novembro como efeméride nacional.
“Uma paisagem por baixo da outra”: narrativas de coloniais sobre a natureza na trilogia “as areias do imperador” de mia couto
Authors: Vieira Julio Cesar , Meira Roberta Barros , Moraes Taiza Mara Rauen
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho analisa o texto literário da trilogia “As areias do Imperador” do escritor e biólogo moçambicano Mia Couto. Na obra, Mia Couto narra a guerra colonial empreendida por Portugal no sul moçambicano no ano de 1895, tendo como objetivo a captura do imperador Ngungunhane e a dissolução do Reino de Gaza, tido como a última resistência política ao poder colonial português. A partir de referenciais que dialogam com a rede de saberes tradicionais e da oralidade das culturas moçambicanas, Mia Couto constrói uma releitura do passado colonial moçambicano, apontando as marcas deixadas pela colonização e principalmente, evidenciando os processos de resistência das culturas locais. As resistências foram sendo constituídas através da mobilização de diversos fatores presente na história e nas culturas das sociedades que foram alvo dos projetos coloniais e que estão relacionadas com os seus modos de existir e de ver o mundo. No presente artigo, serão evidenciados os aspectos relacionados ao ambiente que participaram do engendramento destas resistências. Estes aspectos, por sua vez, não estão isolados e atuam em uma esfera de imbricamentos entre história e saberes tradicionais. Por fim, destaca-se que pensar os aspectos ambientais como elemento atuante na história destas sociedades e na história de resistência ao processo colonial, possibilita dialogar com noções particulares de patrimônio ambiental. Desse modo, a partir da análise histórica e do texto literário, são discutidas as narrativas de paisagens presentes nos volumes que compõem a trilogia de Mia Couto e suas contribuições para pensar o patrimônio ambiental a partir das perspectivas invisibilizadas pela narrativa eurocêntrica colonial.
Nuevas ciudadanías y nueva capacidad de influencia en decisiones estratégicas
Authors: Monsalve Ana María Suárez , Athaydes Andreia Silveira
Published: February 2022

Basándose en la reflexión sobre la comunicación, la influencia en decisiones estratégicas y la expresión de ciudadanías en Latinoamérica, este artículo discute el escenario organizacional en su dimensión política. La metodología reflexivo-analítica utilizó un cuestionario aplicado a 1.165 profesionales de la gestión de la comunicación en 19 países. La confianza interpersonal e institucional cada vez más baja, la crisis económica y sanitaria y el debate político constante en Latinoamérica cuestionan la capacidad de influencia en decisiones estratégicas por estos profesionales.
Identidade coletiva do profissional bibliotecário da era da informação: questões éticas
Authors: Stumpf Katiusa
Published: February 2022

O artigo apresenta uma abordagem sobre a relevância da ética profissional para a consolidação de uma identidade coletiva do bibliotecário na atualidade. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com base em parte da bibliografia disponível atualmente. O objetivo consistiu em apontar qual a relevância da ética como pressuposto para o fortalecimento da identidade coletiva do bibliotecário e para o cumprimento da função social desse profissional no contexto da era da informação. Por meio dos valores morais, teoricamente ancorados na ética bem como nas normas de conduta do Código de Ética do Profissional Bibliotecário, o comportamento desse agrupamento é regido de forma que todas as suas potencialidades estejam voltadas para o atendimento das necessidades informacionais da sociedade. A ética agrega o comprometimento do bibliotecário com a sua profissão, com os colegas de trabalho, com o tratamento técnico da informação e com os usuários, ou seja, um comprometimento com a sociedade como um todo. Assim, a identidade coletiva do bibliotecário pode se fortalecer se houver ética profissional permeando suas relações, possibilitando engajamento político por meio de associações da categoria e propiciando, por fim, o cumprimento da função social da profissão.
Editorial
Authors: Sabbag Deise Maria Antonio
Published: February 2022

Editorial

Biblioteca Escolar em Revista, Ribeirão Preto, v. 8, n. 1, 2022
A invisibilidade da magnitude do estupro de meninas no Brasil
Authors: Taquette Stella Regina , Monteiro Denise Leite Maia , Rodrigues Nádia Cristina Pinheiro , Ramos José Augusto Sapienza
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO Comparar dados oficiais notificados de violência sexual contra meninas de 10 a 13 anos com dados sobre gravidez nessa mesma faixa etária entre 2012 e 2018. MÉTODOS estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, de corte transversal, com dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) sobre violência e gestação de meninas com idades entre 10 e 13 anos, dos anos de 2012 a 2018. Os dados sobre violência sexual foram acessados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Os dados sobre gravidez foram buscados em três Sistemas de Informação: o de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), o de Mortalidade (SIM), para os óbitos fetais e o de Internações hospitalares (SIH), para os de aborto. RESULTADOS No período de 2012 a 2018 houve 136.387 gestações, sendo 120.185 nascimentos e 15.402 gestações interrompidas por aborto ou óbito fetal de mães que engravidaram com 13 anos ou menos. No mesmo período foram notificados ao SINAN 46.548 casos de abuso sexual de meninas com idades entre 10 e 13 anos. O número de meninas que engravidaram antes dos 14 anos, vítimas de estupro de vulnerável, foi 2,9 vezes maior do que o número de casos notificados ao SINAN. CONCLUSÃO A falta de registro adequado do estupro de vulnerável nas estatísticas oficiais no Brasil leva a subestimativa de sua magnitude.
Risk of Parkinson Disease and Secondary Parkinsonism in Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Sundbøll Jens , Szépligeti Szimonetta Komjáthiné , Szentkúti Péter , Adelborg Kasper , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Pedersen Lars , Henderson Victor W. , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: February 2022

Background

In addition to primary neurodegenerative processes, vascular disorders, such as stroke, can lead to parkinsonism. However, some cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and elevated cholesterol levels, are associated with reduced risk of Parkinson disease. We examined the risk of Parkinson disease and secondary parkinsonism in 1‐year survivors of myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and Results

We conducted a nationwide population‐based matched cohort study using Danish medical registries from 1995 to 2016. We identified all patients with a first‐time MI diagnosis and sampled a sex‐, age‐, and calendar year–matched general population comparison cohort without MI. Cox regression analysis was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for Parkinson disease and secondary parkinsonism, controlled for matching factors and adjusted for relevant comorbidities and socioeconomic factors. We identified 181 994 patients with MI and 909 970 matched comparison cohort members (median age, 71 years; 62% men). After 21 years of follow‐up, the cumulative incidence was 0.9% for Parkinson disease and 0.1% for secondary parkinsonism in the MI cohort. Compared with the general population cohort, MI was associated with a decreased risk of Parkinson disease (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.87) and secondary parkinsonism (aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.94).

Conclusions

MI was associated with a 20% decreased risk of Parkinson disease and 28% decreased risk of secondary parkinsonism. Reduced risk may reflect an inverse relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and Parkinson disease.
Working Memory Swap Errors Have Identifiable Neural Representations
Authors: Mallett Remington , Lorenc Elizabeth S. , Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A.
Published: February 2022

Working memory is an essential component of cognition that facilitates goal-directed behavior. Famously, it is severely limited and performance suffers when memory load exceeds an individual's capacity. Modeling of visual working memory responses has identified two likely types of errors: guesses and swaps. Swap errors may arise from a misbinding between the features of different items. Alternatively, these errors could arise from memory noise in the feature dimension used for cueing a to-be-tested memory item, resulting in the wrong item being selected. Finally, it is possible that so-called swap errors actually reflect informed guessing, which could occur at the time of a cue, or alternatively, at the time of the response. Here, we combined behavioral response modeling and fMRI pattern analysis to test the hypothesis that swap errors involve the active maintenance of an incorrect memory item. After the encoding of six spatial locations, a retro-cue indicated which location would be tested after memory retention. On accurate trials, we could reconstruct a memory representation of the cued location in both early visual cortex and intraparietal sulcus. On swap error trials identified with mixture modeling, we were able to reconstruct a representation of the swapped location, but not of the cued location, suggesting the maintenance of the incorrect memory item before response. Moreover, participants subjectively responded with some level of confidence, rather than complete guessing, on a majority of swap error trials. Together, these results suggest that swap errors are not mere response-phase guesses, but instead result from failures of selection in working memory, contextual binding errors, or informed guesses, which produce active maintenance of incorrect memory representations.
Neural Coding of Visual Objects Rapidly Reconfigures to Reflect Subtrial Shifts in Attentional Focus
Authors: Barnes Lydia , Goddard Erin , Woolgar Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Every day, we respond to the dynamic world around us by choosing actions to meet our goals. Flexible neural populations are thought to support this process by adapting to prioritize task-relevant information, driving coding in specialized brain regions toward stimuli and actions that are currently most important. Accordingly, human fMRI shows that activity patterns in frontoparietal cortex contain more information about visual features when they are task-relevant. However, if this preferential coding drives momentary focus, for example, to solve each part of a task in turn, it must reconfigure more quickly than we can observe with fMRI. Here, we used multivariate pattern analysis of magnetoencephalography data to test for rapid reconfiguration of stimulus information when a new feature becomes relevant within a trial. Participants saw two displays on each trial. They attended to the shape of a first target then the color of a second, or vice versa, and reported the attended features at a choice display. We found evidence of preferential coding for the relevant features in both trial phases, even as participants shifted attention mid-trial, commensurate with fast subtrial reconfiguration. However, we only found this pattern of results when the stimulus displays contained multiple objects and not in a simpler task with the same structure. The data suggest that adaptive coding in humans can operate on a fast, subtrial timescale, suitable for supporting periods of momentary focus when complex tasks are broken down into simpler ones, but may not always do so.
Circumventing the Responsibility to Protect in Yemen: Rhetorical Adaptation and the United Nations Security Council
Authors: Mulford Felicity
Published: February 2022

Since 2015, the population of Yemen has faced atrocity crimes and the world’s worst humanitarian disaster. Through a discourse analysis, this research investigates how United Nations Security Council (unsc) member states interact with the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) norm within formal meetings and resolutions on the conflict in Yemen. Members of the unsc use rhetorical adaptation techniques to circumvent their responsibility to protect the Yemeni population through military intervention should political, diplomatic, or humanitarian methods fail, leading to norm erosion. For example, rather than responding to the mass atrocities through an R2P lens, international law is invoked (norm avoidance), ultimately shifting responsibility from action to reaction through observation and prosecution. This research reinforces the need to research norms at the agent level, as norms can undergo various processes of resistance simultaneously. Rather than playing a pertinent role in atrocity prevention, R2P is being resisted and violated by members of the unsc.
6. Moroccan Intellectuals Between Decolonisation and the Arab Cold War
Authors: Laachir Karima
Published: February 2022

Socialist regimes in the Arab world during the decolonization period in the 1960s/70s excluded the monarchic kingdom of Morocco from the realm of the Non-Aligned Movement and the revolutionary intellectual fervour sweeping the region at the time. This in turn affected Moroccan intellectuals and writers. This chapter asks: how did Moroccan intellectuals engage with the decolonizing movement while negotiating their position in relation to the Arab world and France/Europe? Intriguingly, most of them took to writing novels as a form to express their political views. The chapter therefore further asks, how did their novels carry the mark of the ideological struggle of the time? And how was the local debate on “engagement” shaped by these struggles?