bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The State of Political Islam in Indonesia: The Historical Antecedent and Future Prospects
Authors: Arifianto Alexander R.
Published: November 2020

executive summary: This article argues that the recent rise of Islamism in Indonesia can be attributed to its proponents’ savviness in utilizing innovative propagation outlets alongside the declining authority of moderate organizations like Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah. main argumentThe recent prominence of conservative and hard-line Islamism in Indonesia—as seen during the 2016 Defending Islam rallies and the 2019 Indonesian presidential election campaign—is not an isolated, one-time phenomenon. Islamism has a long historical precedence dating back to Indonesia’s independence in 1945 when the country’s founders debated whether Islamist principles should be part of the constitution and national ideology. Public expressions of Islamism returned to the fore when Suharto fell from power in 1998. Conservative Islamists have been able to gain followers and political influence due to their shrewdness in utilizing new and innovative propagation methods on university campuses and the internet. In the meantime, the authority of NU and Muhammadiyah—Indonesia’s two largest moderate Islamic organizations—has declined due to the increasing role of quasi-state Islamic institutions like the Indonesian Ulama Council, competition from conservative and hard-line Islamist organizations, and factionalism from within these organizations driven by activists who sympathize with the ideological and political goals of conservative groups. Government efforts to suppress these groups risk further undermining Indonesia’s young democracy. Instead, NU and Muhammadiyah should take the lead in countering the growing Islamist influence. policy implications• The rise of Islamism in Indonesia has a long historical antecedent and is expected to continue influencing the country’s intermediate political future. • Despite their decreasing authority, NU and Muhammadiyah still represent the greatest hope for a moderating force to counterbalance the influence of conservative and hard-line Islamist organizations. • Initiatives to counter Islamism in Indonesia are best left to moderate Islamic organizations—with support from the Indonesian government—since they have more authority and credibility among the Muslim community. Assistance from external actors (e.g., Western aid agencies) to NU and Muhammadiyah activists to help counter the influence of Islamist organizations is likely to be counterproductive.
Adaptive delay lines for absolute distance measurements in high-speed long-range frequency scanning interferometry
Authors: Pallikarakis Christos A. , Huntley Jonathan M. , Ruiz Pablo D.
Published: November 2020

The application of frequency scanning interferometry to long-range (∼10 m) high-speed (upwards of 105 coordinates s−1) absolute distance measurement is currently impractical at reasonable cost due to the extremely high modulation frequencies (typically 100 GHz or more). A solution is proposed here based on an adaptive delay line architecture, in which the reference beam passes through a series of N switchable delay lines, with exponentially-growing delays. The benefits include a reduction by a factor of 2
N
in the required signal sampling rate, in the size of dataset to be processed, and in minimum allowable source coherence length, thus paving the way for the use of fast sweeping sources such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers for long-range lidars. The validity of the principle has been demonstrated experimentally by means of a three-switch prototype.
Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and emergence of high rectal colonization rates of blaOXA-181-positive isolates in patients admitted to two major hospital intensive care units in Kuwait
Authors: Al Fadhli Amani H. , Jamal Wafaa Y. , Rotimi Vincent O.
Published: November 2020

Background

Fecal colonization by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) can be the main reservoir for transmission of these resistant organisms especially in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs).

Aim

This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of rectal carriage and molecular characterization of CRE in patients hospitalized in the ICUs of 2 major hospitals (Adan and Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospitals) in Kuwait.

Materials and methods

Rectal swabs were collected from all patients at admission, 48 h after admission and once weekly from April 2017- March 2018. Initial CRE screening was carried out on MacConkey agar on which meropenem disc 10μg was placed. Identification of isolates was by API 20E. Susceptibility testing was performed using the E-test method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the carbapenemase-encoding genes. Clonal relationship was investigated by pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE). Genes ofblaOXA-181andblaNDM-5–carrying plasmids were detected in some strains.

Results

A total of 590 patients were recruited into the study. Of these, 58 were positive for CRE, giving a prevalence of 9.8%; 25/320 (7.8%) in Adan and 33/270 (12.2%) in Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospitals. All isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Resistance rates to colistin and tigecycline were 17% and 83%, respectively. Single genes ofblaOXA-181were detected in isolates from 38 (65.5%) out of 58 patients and in 5 patients colonized byblaOXA-48-positive CRE. A combination of 2 genes was detected in 12 isolates; 5blaKPC-2andblaOXA-181, 4blaVIM-1andblaOXA-181, and 3blaNDM-5andblaOXA-181. PFGE showed an overall level of similarity of 38%. Southern hybridization studies localized theblaOXA-181andblaNDM-5genes to a large plasmid of 200kb in 3K.pneumoniaeisolates and a small plasmid of 80kb in 2E.coliisolates, respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of CRE colonization in the 2 hospital ICUs was relatively high and the emergence ofblaOXA-181-mediated CRE is a cause for concern as there is the possibility of rapid horizontal spread among hospital patients in Kuwait. Active surveillance of CRE in the ICUs is highly recommended to stem its spread.
Implementation fidelity of school oral health programs at a District in South Africa
Authors: Molete Mpho , Stewart Aimee , Igumbor Jude
Published: November 2020

Background

It is important that components contributing to success of a program are well understood to ensure better outcomes and strengthen interventions. Hence the purpose of the study was to assess the level of fidelity achieved by school oral health programs in our study district and to determine elements of fidelity that predict the risk of dental decay.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was utilised. A multistage sampling technique was employed to randomly select 10 schools, two grades in each school were selected and all pupils in the selected grades were included in an oral health examination. Ten oral hygienists were observed and interviewed as they carried out the activities of the program and records were reviewed. Data collection tools included an oral health examination form, and an implementation fidelity checklist.

Results

The average level of fidelity obtained was 40% and it was shown to be inversely correlated with levels of decay, as decay was predicted to decrease with increasing levels of fidelity. The fidelity elements that were found to directly predict the outcome of decay included duration (IRR, 0.49; p = 0.02) coverage (IRR, 0.54; p = 008), content (IRR, 1.36; p = 0.03) and age (IRR, 2.14; p = 0.00). Moderating factors of fidelity which indirectly influenced the outcome of decay included facilitation strategy, duration and age. These were predicted to reduce the risk of decay by 92%, 83% and 48% respectively.

Conclusion

The school oral health programs exhibited high levels of pupil coverage, however, the content of the programs offered was low (28%). Coverage was high in the context of lack of dental assistance and time. Multi-sectoral participation is therefore necessary to re-organise the program for improving implementation fidelity and bringing about quality implementation.
Association between maternal satisfaction with breastfeeding and postpartum depression symptoms
Authors: Avilla Juliana Castro de , Giugliani Camila , Bizon Agnes Meire Branco Leria , Martins Ana Cláudia Magnus , Senna Andrea Francis Kroll de , Giugliani Elsa Regina Justo
Published: November 2020

Background

Due to the multiple health benefits of breastfeeding, it is essential to identify factors that may negatively interfere with this healthy practice. Among such factors are postpartum depression (PPD) and maternal satisfaction with breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal satisfaction with breastfeeding and symptoms of PPD in the first month after childbirth.

Methods

This cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study was conducted in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with 287 puerperal women selected at two maternity hospitals, one public and one private. Women were interviewed at their homes the week after the infant completed 30 days of life. A structured questionnaire was applied, as well as instruments to evaluate maternal satisfaction with breastfeeding (Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale) and to screen for PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). The association between higher satisfaction with breastfeeding (outcome) and negative PPD screening test was assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance, adjusting for specific covariables. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated.

Results

The prevalence of increased satisfaction with breastfeeding (defined as women with scores above the median) was 47% higher among women who screened negative for PPD when compared to those with a positive result (aPR 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.16). This result was adjusted for maternal age and skin color, cohabitation with the infant’s father, planned pregnancy, type of delivery, exclusive breastfeeding, and occurrence of breastfeeding problems.

Conclusions

The findings of this study showed an association between higher maternal satisfaction with breastfeeding and absence of PPD symptoms, reinforcing the importance of caring for the mental health of pregnant and puerperal women and paying attention to their satisfaction with breastfeeding.
A novel deep learning-based point-of-care diagnostic method for detecting Plasmodium falciparum with fluorescence digital microscopy
Authors: Holmström Oscar , Stenman Sebastian , Suutala Antti , Moilanen Hannu , Kücükel Hakan , Ngasala Billy , Mårtensson Andreas , Mhamilawa Lwidiko , Aydin-Schmidt Berit , Lundin Mikael , Diwan Vinod , Linder Nina , Lundin Johan
Published: November 2020

Background

Malaria remains a major global health problem with a need for improved field-usable diagnostic tests. We have developed a portable, low-cost digital microscope scanner, capable of both brightfield and fluorescence imaging. Here, we used the instrument to digitize blood smears, and applied deep learning (DL) algorithms to detectPlasmodium falciparumparasites.

Methods

Thin blood smears (n= 125) were collected from patients with microscopy-confirmedP.falciparuminfections in rural Tanzania, prior to and after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapy. The samples were stained using the 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorogen and digitized using the prototype microscope scanner. Two DL algorithms were trained to detect malaria parasites in the samples, and results compared to the visual assessment of both the digitized samples, and the Giemsa-stained thick smears.

Results

Detection ofP.falciparumparasites in the digitized thin blood smears was possible both by visual assessment and by DL-based analysis with a strong correlation in results (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). A moderately strong correlation was observed between the DL-based thin smear analysis and the visual thick smear-analysis (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Low levels of parasites were detected by DL-based analysis on day three following treatment initiation, but a small number of fluorescent signals were detected also in microscopy-negative samples.

Conclusion

Quantification ofP.falciparumparasites in DAPI-stained thin smears is feasible using DL-supported, point-of-care digital microscopy, with a high correlation to visual assessment of samples. Fluorescent signals from artefacts in samples with low infection levels represented the main challenge for the digital analysis, thus highlighting the importance of minimizing sample contaminations. The proposed method could support malaria diagnostics and monitoring of treatment response through automated quantification of parasitaemia and is likely to be applicable also for diagnostics of otherPlasmodiumspecies and other infectious diseases.
A test-retest reliability study of assessing small cutaneous fibers by measuring current perception threshold with pin electrodes
Authors: Xia Weiwei , Fu Han , Liu Haiying , Meng Fanqi , Wang Kaifeng
Published: November 2020

Background

The quantitative measurement of current perception threshold (CPT) has been used as a method to assess the function of nerve fibers in neuropathy diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability measuring CPT using the circular pin electrodes for assessing the function of cutaneous thin nerve fibers.

Methods

CPT measurement was repeated on two separate days with at least one-week interval in 55 volunteers. Superficial blood flow (SBF) and skin temperature (ST) were measured on the skin in an around area concentric to the circular pin electrodes after the process of finding CPTs. The coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The correlation between each two of CPT, SBF increment and ST increment was analyzed.

Results

No significant differences were found for CPT, SBF and ST between two sessions. SBF was found to be significantly increased after the process of finding CPT. CPT values of males were found to be higher than females. SBF increment was found to be positively correlated with ST increment. The ICC values for CPT, SBF and ST were 0.595, 0.852 and 0.728, respectively. The CV values for CPT, SBF and ST were 25.53%, 12.59% and 1.94%, respectively.

Conclusions

The reliability of CPT measurement using circular pin electrodes is fair, and need consistence of measurements in longitudinal studies.
Effect of different cleaning procedures on water use and bacterial levels in weaner pig pens
Authors: Misra Shilpi , van Middelaar Corina E. , Jordan Kieran , Upton John , Quinn Amy J. , de Boer Imke J. M. , O’Driscoll Keelin
Published: November 2020

Pork is one of the most globally eaten meats and the pig production chain contributes significantly to the water footprint of livestock production. However, very little knowledge is available about the on-farm factors that influence freshwater use in the pig production chain. An experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of three different washing treatments on freshwater use, bacterial levels [(total bacterial counts; TBC), Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus] and cleaning time in washing of pens for weaning pigs. Three weaner rooms were selected with each room having 10 pens and a capacity to hold up to 14 pigs each. Pigs were weaned and kept in the pens for 7 weeks. Finally, the pens were cleaned before the next batch of pigs moved in. The washing treatments used were power washing and disinfection (WASH); presoaking followed by power washing and disinfection (SOAK), and presoaking followed by detergent, power washing and disinfection (SOAK + DETER). A water meter was used to collect water use data and swab samples were taken to determine the bacterial levels. The results showed that there was no overall effect of washing treatments on water use. However, there was an effect of treatment on the washing time (p<0.01) with SOAK and SOAK+DETER reducing the washing time per pen by 2.3 minutes (14%) and 4.2 minutes (27%) compared to WASH. Nonetheless, there was an effect of sampling time (before or after washing) (p<0.001) on the levels of TBC and Staphylococcus, but no effect was seen on Enterobacteriaceae levels. Thus, the washing treatments used in this study had no effect on the water use of the pork production chain. Although there was no difference in both water use and bacterial load, from a producer perspective, presoaking and detergent use can save time and labour costs, so this would be the preferred option.
Intraocular pressure change with face-down positioning after macular hole surgery
Authors: Choi Sung Won , Lee Chong Eun , Kim Yu Cheol
Published: November 2020

This study evaluated changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) with face-down positioning (FDP) following surgical treatment of idiopathic macular hole. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 130 patients diagnosed with idiopathic macular hole who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal gas injection after fluid-gas exchange. We analyzed IOP changes in both eyes following FDP over the course of 7 days. The mean IOP of the operated eyes was 14.98±2.95 mmHg preoperatively and 16.82±3.12 and 15.57±6.10 mmHg on postoperative days 2 and 7, respectively. In contralateral eyes, the mean IOP changed from 14.78±3.15 mmHg preoperatively to 16.27±1.87 and 14.40±4.14 mmHg on postoperative days 2 and 7, respectively. On postoperative day 2, the IOP increased in both eyes compared to the preoperative values, but the increase was significant only in operated eyes (p= 0.039). In contralateral eyes, the IOP on postoperative day 7 was significantly decreased compared with that on postoperative day 2 (p= 0.021) and in eyes with an axial length ≥ 23.0 mm, compared with the preoperative values (p= 0.042). The IOP of the operated eyes on postoperative day 7 was higher than that of the contralateral eyes (p= 0.039). Based on a short-term follow-up, FDP after PPV with intravitreal gas tamponade for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole may cause IOP elevation not only in the operated, but also in the contralateral eyes; the IOP increase in contralateral eyes was not as significant as that in operated eyes and was not maintained over 7 days after surgery; the IOP change seems to be affected by axial length and lens status.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Manajemen Proyek Departemen IT PT. Pertamina UPMS V Surabaya
Authors: Ardilla Yunita , Pramesti Shinta , Sunaryono Dwi
Published: November 2020

Department of IT M&T PT. Pertamina UPMS V Surabaya has currently implemented a management guideline based on COBIT 5.0 to support the process of monitoring and scheduling projects that will be implemented or currently being worked on PT. Pertamina UPMS V Surabaya. But in the process of implementing management guidelines, the department of IT M&T has not maximized the implementation of the monitoring and scheduling because it does not yet have a project management information system application. So far employees from the department of IT M&T use the process of monitoring and scheduling projects manually, namely by making a report in the form of an excel file for each progress of the projects. Of course, this is considered inefficient and often encounters human errors. Therefore, a web-based project management information system application was made, the application was built using the C3 programming language and Microsoft SQL Server database. Based on observation, it was concluding that the features available in the project management information system application had been running well and were able to meet the needs of users.
Implementasi Algoritma Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) pada Layanan SMS Desa
Authors: Fitriani Intan , Utomo Aryo Baskoro
Published: November 2020

Along with the development of technology, Short Message Service (SMS) has begun to be used to communicate between someone and the system in an agency. But in some cases, the security of messages sent through the SMS application has not been well protected. To improve data security and confidentiality, cryptographic algorithms with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) can be done. The method used is the Waterfall method. AES encryption testing is done by comparing the manual calculations and the results of the encryption on the system. Blackbox test, CrackStation test, and Avalanche Effect (AE) test were also carried out. Brute force test results using CrackStation software that ciphertext cannot be solved. And in the avalanche effect (AE) test, the AE value of each 128-bit AES key is 44.53%, 192-bit is 48.44%, and 256-bit is 56.25%. Therefore, 192-bit and 256-bit AES keys are recommended for use because AE values are in the range of 45% - 60%.
Analisa Usability Website Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan Menggunakan Metode Heuristic Evaluation
Authors: Nugroho Kurnianto Tri , Julianto Bagus , Intyanto Gramandha Wega , Munir Mochammad Syahrul , Nur M.S. Danny Febryan
Published: November 2020

The development of information technology today provides many changes to human life, one of which is the website.  The website of the university in particular can help the wider community, especially students, in obtaining information. Akademi Komunitas Negeri (AKN) Pacitan is one of the many colleges that utilize information technology in the form of websites. To find out whether the website created has made it easy for users, it is necessary to analyze the usability of the website. This study will analyze the level of usability on the AKN Pacitan website with the Heuristic Evaluation method. The variables used in this study are five usability variables of the ten variables in the Heuristic Evaluation method, including visibility of system status, the match between system and the real world, consistency and standards, flexibility and efficiency of use, and aesthetic and minimalist design. The population of this research is students, lecturers, and AKN Pacitan staff, using probability sampling, simple random sampling, and proportionate stratified random sampling as data collection techniques. The research data was taken using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. From the results of the subsequent questionnaire, the analysis will produce several recommendations for improvement and further development of the AKN Pacitan website to improve the functionality of the website itself.
Komparasi Kinerja Algoritma BFS, Dijkstra, Greedy BFS, dan A* dalam Melakukan Pathfinding
Authors: Sugianti Nadila , Mardhiyah Ainatul , Fadilah Nurma Romihim
Published: November 2020

Pathfinding is a computational process in finding the best route between two points or nodes to find the shortest path. This method has many algorithms that can be applied in various fields. In carrying out the pathfinding, speed and distance are considered as important. Through the test diagram, this paper illustrates the execution steps related to the pathfinding algorithm which includes BFS, Dijkstra, Greedy BFS, and A * for comparison. From several studies, the authors identified that execution time and mileage can be used optimally in the comparison process. Input variables as well as media used are 2-dimensional grids and heuristic function calculations. The analogy is carried out on a unity platform with the C# programming language, producing A * as a more flexible pathfinding algorithm to be implemented in various domains.
Uma entrevista com José Thiers Carneiro Júnior
Authors: Ribeiro Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Conselheiro e Membro Titular do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial. » Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). » Coordenador do programa de Residência em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Hospital Ophir Loyola. » Professor do Curso de Especialização em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Associação Brasileira de Odontologia - Seção Pará. » Fellow of International Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. » Doutor em Neurociências e Biologia Celular pela UFPA. » Mestre em Ciências Morfofuncionais pela Universidade de São Paulo. » Especialista em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial (SCM/SP - CBCTBMF). » Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Fellowship - Dalhousie University, Canadá.
Avaliação da hiloterapia, comparada com a terapia convencional, no controle da dor e do edema pós-operatório em cirurgia ortognática: um estudo piloto
Authors: De Jesus Alessandro Oliveira , De Toledo Guilherme Lacerda , Chiavaioli Gustavo Marques de Oliveira , Maia Belini Freire , Amaral Marcio Bruno Figueiredo
Published: November 2020

Introdução: As cirurgias ortognáticas são indicadas para correção das deformidades dentofaciais; porém, conjuntamente a elas, o desconforto pós-operatório (edema, dor, disfunção neural e trismo) é algo indesejado pelos pacientes. Os efeitos benéficos da terapia com frio são bem estabelecidos e elucidados na literatura científica. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar a terapia convencional com bolsas de gelo e a hiloterapia, por meio da avaliação e medidas do edema em tecidos moles, da dor e do tempo cirúrgico. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo comparando as terapias por meio de medições clínicas pós-cirurgia ortognática bimaxilar em 17 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - Hiloterapia (n=10); Grupo 2 - terapia fria convencional (n=7). Resultados: Os resultados encontrados vão ao encontro dos apre- sentados na literatura científica, ao ponto que a hiloterapia reduziu o edema de forma mais eficaz do que as bolsas de gelo, mesmo não havendo diferença significativa na analogia da dor pós-operatória referida pelos pacientes. Conclusão: Esse estudo pi- loto demonstra que a hiloterapia pós-cirurgia ortognática parece levar o paciente a uma satisfação, com significativa redução do edema e com semelhante relato de analogia da dor por ambos grupos.
Ansiedade e a variação de pressão arterial previamente ao atendimento odontológico
Authors: Morais Thayara Lima de , Silva Girleide de Sousa , Sigua-Rodriguez Eder Alberto , Goulart Douglas Rangel
Published: November 2020

Introdução: Medo e ansiedade são comuns em pacientes que requerem tratamento odontológico. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre as medidas de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca com o grau de ansiedades dos pacientes que aguardam atendimento odontológico. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 68 pacientes escolhidos aleatoriamente, com faixa etária entre 18 e 65 anos. Cada paciente respondeu a um questionário composto por perguntas que envolviam dados sociodemográficos. Para avaliação da ansiedade, foi utilizada a Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah modificada. Os pacientes foram submetidos a duas avaliações consecutivas de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca utilizando o aparelho modelo 7113 da Omron. Resultados: Foram avaliados 68 pacientes, com prevalência do sexo feminino e idade média de 40,49 anos. Foi identificado que os pacientes que declararam ser hipertensos apresentaram medidas de pressão arterial mais elevadas. Os homens apresentaram maior medida de pressão, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,01). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto ao procedimento a ser realizado e o grau de ansiedade. Conclusão: O grau de ansiedade parece não influenciar nas medidas de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca, e os pacientes que são hipertensos parecem estar mais sujeitos a variação dessas medidas frente a situações de estresse.
Моделирование вязкоупругопластического деформирования гибких пологих оболочек с пространственными структурами армирования
Authors: Янковский Андрей Петрович , Yankovskii Andrei Petrovich
Published: November 2020

На базе процедуры шагов по времени построена математическая модель вязкоупругопластического поведения пологих оболочек с пространственными структурами армирования. Пластическое деформирование компонентов композиции описывается теорией течения с изотропным упрочнением; вязкоупругое деформирование - уравнениями модели
Максвелла-Больцмана.
Возможное ослабленное сопротивление композитных искривленных панелей поперечному сдвигу учитывается в рамках гипотез теории Редди, а геометрическая нелинейность задачи -
в приближении Кармана. Решение сформулированной начально-краевой задачи строится с использованием явной численной схемы типа «крест». Исследовано упругопластическое и вязкоупругопластическое изгибное динамическое поведение «плоско»- и пространственно-армированных
стеклопластиковых цилиндрических панелей под действием нагрузок взрывного типа.
На примере относительно тонких композитных конструкций показано, что в зависимости от того, к какой лицевой поверхности (выпуклой или вогнутой) прикладывается нагрузка, замена традиционной «плоской» структуры армирования на пространственную может приводить как к увеличению, так и к уменьшению величины остаточного прогиба. Однако в обоих случаях такая замена позволяет существенно уменьшить интенсивность остаточных деформаций связующего материала и волокон некоторых семейств. Продемонстрировано, что амплитуды колебаний искривленных композитных панелей в окрестности начального момента времени значительно превосходят максимальные по модулю значения остаточных прогибов. При этом эпюры остаточных прогибов имеют достаточно сложный вид. Показано, что расчеты, проведенные в рамках теории упругопластического деформирования компонентов композиции, не позволяют даже приближенно определить величины остаточных деформаций материалов, составляющих композицию.
Общие свойства показателя скоростной чувствительности диаграмм деформирования, порождаемых линейной теорией вязкоупругости и существование максимума у его зависимости от скорости
Authors: Хохлов Андрей Владимирович , Khokhlov Andrew Vladimirovich
Published: November 2020

Анализируется скоростная чувствительность семейства диаграмм деформирования, порождаемых физически линейным определяющим соотношением вязкоупругости Больцмана-Вольтерры с произвольной функцией релаксации в одноосных испытаниях с постоянными скоростями деформации.
Выведено общее выражение для показателя скоростной чувствительности (скоростного упрочнения) и аналитически исследованы его общие качественные свойства: зависимость от деформации, скорости деформации и характеристик функции релаксации, диапазон значений, интервалы монотонности и существование точек экстремума, предельные значения при стремлении скорости деформации к нулю или бесконечности, способы определения по диаграммам деформирования или по кривым релаксации. Установлено, что (в рамках линейной теории вязкоупругости) этот показатель зависит не от двух независимых аргументов (деформации и скорости деформации), а только от их отношения, что он выражается через отношение касательного модуля к секущему и может быть вычислен по одной диаграмме деформирования с произвольной скоростью деформации, и что по заданной (или измеренной в испытаниях) функции скоростной чувствительности можно однозначно восстановить функцию релаксации. Доказано, что значения показателя скоростной чувствительности всегда лежат в интервале от нуля до единицы (т.е. линейное определяющее соотношение описывает только псевдопластические среды и не может описывать дилатантные) и могут быть сколь угодно близки к единице (верхней границе для псевдопластических сред), что как функция скорости он не только может монотонно возрастать или убывать, но может иметь точки экстремума, в частности точку максимума (при малообременительных ограничениях на функцию релаксации). Тем самым обнаружена неожиданная способность линейной теории вязкоупругости не только порождать семейство диаграмм деформирования с выраженными участками течения при практически постоянном напряжении, но и качественно описывать «сигмоидальную» форму зависимости напряжения от скорости деформации (в логарифмических осях) и очень высокую скоростную чувствительность, характерные для режима сверхпластического деформирования материалов.
Установленные свойства показателя скоростной чувствительности и его характерные особенности проиллюстрированы на примерах классических регулярных, сингулярных и фрактальных моделей вязкоупругости (Максвелла, Фойгта, Кельвина, Зенера, Бюргерса, Скотт-Блэра) и их параллельных соединений.
Бездивергентный метод коллокаций и наименьших квадратов для расчета течений несжимаемой жидкости и его эффективная реализация
Authors: Ворожцов Евгений Васильевич , Vorozhtsov Evgenii Vasil'evich , Шапеев Василий Павлович , Shapeev Vasiliy Pavlovich
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается проблема ускорения итерационного процесса численного решения методом коллокаций и наименьших квадратов (КНК) краевых задач для уравнений с частными производными. Для ее решения предложено применять одновременно три способа ускорения итерационного процесса: предобуславливатель, многосеточный алгоритм и метод Крылова. Предложен метод нахождения оптимальных значений параметров двухпараметрического предобуславливателя. Использование найденного предобуславливателя существенно ускоряет итерационный процесс. Исследовано влияние на итерационный процесс всех трех способов его ускорения: каждого по отдельности, а также при их комбинированном применении. Наибольший вклад дает применение алгоритма, использующего подпространства Крылова. Комбинированное применение одновременно всех трех способов ускорения итерационного процесса решения краевых задач для двумерных уравнений Навье-Стокса уменьшило время их решения на компьютере до 362 раз по сравнению со случаем, когда применялся только один из них - предобуславливатель.
Установившаяся ползучесть длинной мембраны внутри жесткой матрицы при переменном поперечном давлении
Authors: Локощенко Александр Михайлович , Lokoshchenko Alexander Mikhaylovich , Терауд Валентин Викторович , Teraud Walentin Viktorovich , Шеварова Екатерина Алексеевна , Shevarova Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: November 2020

Исследуется задача об установившейся ползучести длинной прямоугольной мембраны в стесненных условиях внутри жесткой матрицы при кусочно-постоянной зависимости величины поперечного давления $q$ от времени $t$. В задаче рассматривается длинная матрица прямоугольного сечения, в которой отношение ее высоты к ширине не меньше 0.5. В качестве примера исследуется ползучесть мембраны при однократном изменении величины поперечного давления во времени. Рассматриваются три варианта условий контакта мембраны и матрицы: идеальное скольжение, прилипание и скольжение с учетом трения. В данной работе исследованы четыре стадии деформирования мембраны. На первой стадии (упругое деформирование) мембрана, плоская в начальном состоянии, под действием давления $q$ мгновенно упруго деформируется, приобретая форму незамкнутой круговой цилиндрической оболочки с центральным углом $2\alpha_1$. На второй стадии мембрана деформируется в условиях установившейся ползучести вплоть до момента касания боковых стенок матрицы. Третья стадия заканчивается в момент касания мембраной поперечной стенки матрицы. На четвертой стадии мембрана контактирует с матрицей по поперечной и боковым сторонам. Анализ проводится до времени практически полного прилегания мембраны к матрице, при котором отношение радиуса мембраны вблизи углов матрицы к начальной ширине мембраны составляет 0.005. Для третьей и четвертой стадий дополнительно учитывается сила трения мембраны о стенки матрицы. Получены зависимости толщины различных частей мембраны от времени, а также интенсивности напряжений в мембране от времени. Применительно к данной постановке задачи рассмотрены отклонения от правила суммирования парциальных времен заполнения матрицы.
Задача с динамическим краевым условием для одномерного гиперболического уравнения
Authors: Бейлин Александр Борисович , Beylin Aleksandr Borisovich , Пулькина Людмила Степановна , Pulkina Ludmila Stepanovna
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрена задача с динамическим краевым условием, учитывающим наличие демпфера при закреплении, для гиперболического уравнения на плоскости и доказана ее однозначная разрешимость. Динамическое условие, содержащее производные первого порядка как по пространственной, так и по переменной времени, приводит к несамосопряженной задаче, что затрудняет применение методов спектрального анализа. Однако эти трудности преодолены и существование единственного решения поставленной задачи доказано. Основным инструментом доказательства являются априорные оценки в пространствах Соболева, выведенные в процессе работы над статьей. Предложены способы получения приближенного решения, в качестве частного случая рассмотрен пример одномерного волнового уравнения и получено точное решение задачи с динамическим условием.
О решении одной не удовлетворяющей условиям Адамара задачи деформирования стержневых систем методом простой итерации
Authors: Стружанов Валерий Владимирович , Struzhanov Valerii Vladimirovich , Коркин Александр Владимирович , Korkin Aleksandr V.
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается стержневая система под действием квазистатически возрастающего растягивающего нагружения. Нагрузка осуществляется по мягкой и жесткой схемам. Один из стержней системы обладает свойством деформационного разупрочнения, то есть его диаграмма растяжения облает падающей до нуля ветвью. В результате уравнения равновесия не удовлетворяют условиям Адамара. Система имеет несколько положений равновесия, в том числе и неустойчивых. Показано применение метода простых итераций для определения параметров всех возможных положений равновесия и их устойчивости при решении данных уравнений, не удовлетворяющих условиям Адамара.
Корректность смешанной задачи для многомерного гиперболо-параболического уравнения
Authors: Алдашев Серик Аймурзаевич , Aldashev Serik Aimurzaevich
Published: November 2020

В цилиндрической области евклидова пространства рассматривается модельное многомерное гиперболо-параболическое уравнение, для которого ставится смешанная задача с неоднородными краевыми условиями.
В классе непрерывно-дифференцируемых функций показывается однозначная разрешимость поставленной задачи и указывается способ получения явного вида классического решения.
Aprendizajes, continuidades y reconocimiento: Construcción identitaria de académicos cubanos en universidades mexicanas
Authors: Rodríguez-Alemañy Daylen , Izquierdo Isabel
Published: November 2020

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre académicos de origen cubano en instituciones mexicanas de educación superior. Nuestro objetivo fue comprender la construcción de su identidad como académicos cubanos, a partir de la significación de su migración a México. El estudio se orientó por el método biográfico, donde, a través de entrevistas biográficas, se recuperaron relatos de vida de 16 académicos, 10 mujeres y seis hombres. Los resultados muestran sus identificaciones en dos momentos de sus trayectorias profesionales en México: el primero, durante su inserción en la academia mexicana y el segundo, en la actualidad, con una condición de permanencia en sus instituciones de adscripción. Se resalta el papel de la socialización en dichas construcciones identitarias.
CONSTRUCTION AN OBSERVATION IN THE SHESTAKOV–SVIRIDYUK MODEL IN TERMS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL “WHITE NOISE” DISTORTION
Authors:   South Ural State University (national research university), Sagadeeva M.A.
Published: November 2020

The Shestakov–Sviridyuk model is a mathematical model of a measuring unit used to reconstruct a dynamically distorted signal with the help of experimental data. This model is also called the optimal dynamic measurement problem. The theory of optimal dynamic measurement is based on the problem of minimizing the difference between the values of a virtual observation obtained using a computational model and experimental data, usually distorted by some disturbances. The article describes the Shestakov–Sviridyuk model of optimal dynamic measurement in terms of various types of disturbances. It focuses on the preliminary stage of the study of the optimal dynamic measurement problem, namely, the Pyt’ev–Chulichkov method for constructing observation data, i. e. converting experimental data to clean them from disturbances in the form of “white noise”, which is understood as the Nelson–Glicklich derivative of the multidimensional Wiener process. To use this method, a priori information on the properties of the functions describing the observation, is used.
ANALYSIS USING ELECTROLYTIC LAYER STRIPPING TO DETERMINE THE PARAMETERS OF GRAIN-BOUNDARY DIFFUSION OF COBALT IN POLYCRYSTALLINE NICKEL
Authors:   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Istomina A.Yu. , Osinnikov E.V. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

A technique for layer-by-layer radiometric analysis using electrolytic layer stripping to determine the parameters of grain-boundary diffusion of cobalt in polycrystalline nickel has been developed. The aim of the work is to develop a complete technological cycle of layer-by-layer radiometric analysis, to select the optimal electrolyte composition for nickel and the conditions for conducting an experiment to remove metal layers with their thickness of 20–200 nm. The studies have been carried out on nickel of nominal purity of 99,98 %. The stabilizing heat treatment of the samples is carried out at a pressure of 10–5 Pa for 2 hours at a temperature of 1273 K. Diffusion annealing is carried out at a pressure of 10–9 Pa in the temperature range of 623–1173 K for 5–30 hours. Concentration profiles have been measured by parallel stripping of layers, which are obtained by electrolytic polishing in a solution based on nickel sulfamate, followed by weighing the sample on a high-precision analytical balance. The difference in weight before and after removal of the layers is used to further calculate the thickness of the removed layers and, as a consequence, the penetration depth of the diffusing. The residual activity of the sample is measured using a digital gamma spectrometer with a NaI (Tl) detector. Before carrying out the experiments, a reference source with a previously known activity has been made to take into account the correction factor due to the radioactive decay of 57Co. The specific layer activity is calculated from the integral remainder of the 122,14 keV line using the Gruzin method. Based on the proposed technique, it is possible to determine the parameters of grain boundary diffusion, such as the diffusion coefficient of grain boundary, triple product and segregation coefficient.
Efek Panjang Gelombang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Propagul Pada Kultur Jaringan Eucheuma cottonii Doty, 1885 (Rhodophyceae; Solieracea)
Authors: Setyati Wilis Ari , Pramesti Rini , Pringgenies Delianis , Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Irwani Irwani , Zainuddin Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The problem in cultivating Eucheuma cottonii is the procurement of seeds and techniques currently developed through tissue culture. The limiting factor in this technique is the use of optimal light for the growth of the seaweed. The aims of study was to optimize the wavelength of light on the growth of E cottonii propagules. The research method is laboratory experimental with the treatment of different wavelengths of light: red light wavelength (λ = 633.8 nm), green (λ = 515.8 nm), blue (λ = 455.7 nm), combined light on the lamp LED (λ = 456.6 nm, 515.8 nm and 632.9 nm), and fluorescent light in TL lamps (λ = 407 nm, 443 nm, 557 nm and 592 nm). The results showed that the wavelength had a significant effect (p ≤0.05) on the growth of E cottonii. The best treatment for blue light with absolute, relative and specific growth values of propagule weight of 155 ± 11.910 mg, 419 ± 70.849%, and 5.860 ± 0.501% / day. The absolute, relative and specific growth values for propagule diameter were 701 ± 123.1 mm, 63 ± 12% and 1.73 ± 0.27% / day. The percentage of branching growth and the branching index were 60.85 ± 9.16% and 27.77 ± 1.23. Blue light treatment is optimal radiation in the E. cottonii tissue culture  Permasalahan dalam budidaya Eucheuma cottonii adalah pengadaan bibit dan teknik yang berkembang saat ini melalui kultur jaringan. Faktor pembatas dalam teknik ini adalah penggunaan cahaya yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi panjang gelombang cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan propagul E cottonii. Metode penelitian secara experimental laboratoris dengan perlakuan perbedaan panjang gelombang cahaya : panjang gelombang lampu cahaya merah (λ = 633,8 nm), hijau (λ = 515,8 nm), biru (λ = 455,7 nm), cahaya gabungan pada lampu LED (λ = 456,6 nm, 515,8 nm dan 632,9 nm), dan cahaya flourescent pada lampu TL (λ = 407 nm, 443 nm, 557 nm dan 592 nm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang berpengaruh signifikan (p < 0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan E cottonii. Perlakuan terbaik pada cahaya biru dengan nilai pertumbuhan mutlak, relatif dan spesifik bobot propagul sebesar 155±11,910 mg, 419 ± 70,849 %, dan 5,860 ± 0,501 %/hari. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak, relatif dan spesifik diameter propagul sebesar 701±123,1 mm, 63±12 % dan 1,73±0,27 %/hari. Persentase pertumbuhan percabangan dan indeks percabangan sebesar 60,85±9,16 % dan  27,77±1,23. Perlakuan sinar biru merupakan penyinaran optimal dalam kultur jaringan E. cottonii.
Perbandingan Adverbia Issou, Nao, dan Sara ni dalam Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Sudipa Made Henra Dwikarmawan
Published: November 2020

This research aims to analyze the meaning of issou, nao, and sara ni. These three words are Japanese adverbs which having the same lexical meaning ‘furthermore’, but contextually the meanings are different. The data were collected from article posted on website asahi.com by observation method and note-taking techniques. They were analyzed using distribution method with expansion techniques. The meanings of these three adverbs were analyzed using contextual meaning theory by Pateda (2001) The results show that issou, nao, and sara ni have the same meaning that is 'something more than before’. The difference is on the spesific context. Nao can be used to indicates a state that still continuing until now without any much improvement. Sara ni. Can be used to indicates addition of something that already sufficient.
Synthesis and Characterization of Immobilized Thiolactic Ligand System for the Detoxification of Tannery Wastewater
Authors: Habila Bulus , Pius O. Ukoha , Emmanuel C. Ezeh , Oguejiofo Ujam , John C Attah , Moses S Simon
Published: November 2020

A porous solid polysiloxane immobilized thiosalicylic acid ligand system has been prepared by hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraethylorthosilicate with a mixture of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, methanol and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, gelation formed after 40 min. The product formed was functionalized with excess ethylchloroacetate, triethylamine and immobilized with thiosalicylic acid. The immobilized ligand was characterized using FTIR, the spectrum showed characteristic absorption regions (cm-1) at: 3384 (OH), 1587 to 1722 (C=C, C=O); 900 to 1038 (Si - O) respectively. SEM-EDX showed irregular particle sizes of the polysiloxane matrices with elemental composition (wt %): 3-CPPS; Si (50.45), O (25.02) and Cl (24.57). F - 3CPPS showed, O (58.68), Si (41.32); thiolactic (0.00 of S). The competitive sorption characteristic of the metal ions (Cr3+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) were studied using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (Agilent MPAES-4200). The immobilized thiolactic ligand exhibits high potential for the extraction of heavy metals in tannery wastewater at pH 6.0, this development would improve the treatment of tannery wastewater at a low cost; batch or column systems of extraction of metal could be employed. Thermodynamic range for the parameters with respect to Cr3+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ yielded negative values for ΔGo, (Cu2+ -(8.650 to 11.962) to Fe2+ -(14.368 to 14.842) KJmol-1; positive values for ΔHo: Zn2+ (0.000) to Cu2+ (21.047) KJmol-1 and ΔSo: Zn2+ (47.421) to Fe3+ (245.869) Jmol1K1 respectively, indicating spontaneous, endothermic reactions and high degree of disorderliness with respect to metal ion binding capacity to the ligand system.