bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilient Hearts: Measuring Resiliency in Young People With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Glenn Thomas , Cousino Melissa K. , Wernovsky Gil , Schuchardt Eleanor L.
Published: October 2023

Background

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a life‐long disease with long‐term consequences on physical and mental health. Patients with CHD face multifaceted physical and psychosocial challenges. Resilience is an important factor that can be protective and positively impact mental health. We studied resiliency and its associated factors in teenagers and young adults with and without CHD using a social media–delivered survey. Resilience was measured using the 25‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, a validated metric with a historical mean of 80.4/100 in the general adult population.

Methods and Results

Individuals with and without CHD, aged 10 to 25 years, were prospectively recruited on social media to complete an online survey. The survey was completed from January to February 2022. Respondents provided information on their demographics and CHD details (where applicable) and completed the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. As a group, participants with CHD had higher resilience scores compared with same‐aged healthy individuals (65.3±16.1 versus 55.4±13.8;
P
<0.001). For both cohorts, sex, race, and age were not associated with differences in resilience score. For individuals with CHD, lower resilience was associated with more hospital admissions, lack of exercise, presence of a mental health diagnosis, and no participation in support groups or disease‐specific camps.

Conclusions

Young people with CHD had higher resilience than individuals without CHD in our sample. We identified several factors, both modifiable and nonmodifiable, that are associated with higher resilience. Awareness of resiliency and its contributors in the population with CHD may assist medical teams in improving patient physical and psychological well‐being.
Neutrophils: Novel Contributors to Estrogen‐Dependent Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Via Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Patel Devan , Dodd William S. , Lucke‐Wold Brandon , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Hosaka Koji , Hoh Brian L.
Published: October 2023

Background

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are more prevalent in women than men, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. These sex differences suggest estrogen protects against IA progression that can lead to rupture, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Although studies have demonstrated estrogen regulates inflammatory processes that contribute to IA pathogenesis, the role of neutrophils remains to be characterized. Using a murine model, we tested our hypothesis that neutrophils contribute to IA pathophysiology in an estrogen‐dependent manner.

Methods and Results

We compared neutrophil infiltration in C57BL/6 female mice that develop IAs to those with a normal circle of Willis. Next, we investigated the estrogen‐dependent role of neutrophils in IA formation, rupture, and symptom‐free survival using a neutrophil depletion antibody. Finally, we studied the role of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) as an underlying mechanism of aneurysm progression. Mice that developed aneurysms had increased neutrophil infiltration compared with those with a normal circle of Willis. In estrogen‐deficient female mice, both neutrophil depletion and NETosis inhibition decreased aneurysm rupture. In estrogen‐deficient female mice treated with estrogen rescue and estrogen‐intact female mice, neither neutrophil depletion nor NETosis inhibition affected IA formation, rupture, or symptom‐free survival.

Conclusions

Neutrophils contribute to aneurysm rupture in an estrogen‐dependent manner. NETosis appears to be an underlying mechanism for neutrophil‐mediated IA rupture in estrogen deficiency. Targeting NETosis may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to protect against IA rupture in the setting of estrogen deficiency.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With or Without Active Cancer
Authors: Aikawa Tadao , Kuno Toshiki , Malik Aaqib H. , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kolte Dhaval , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Latib Azeem
Published: October 2023

Background

Data on clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in specific cancer types or the presence of metastatic disease remain sparse. This study aimed to investigate the impact of active cancer on short‐term mortality, complications, and readmission rates after TAVR across different cancer types.

Methods and Results

The authors assessed the Nationwide Readmissions Database for TAVR cases from 2012 to 2019. Patients were stratified by specific cancer types. Primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included bleeding requiring blood transfusion and readmissions at 30, 90, and 180 days after TAVR. Overall, 122 573 patients undergoing TAVR were included in the analysis, of whom 8013 (6.5%) had active cancer. After adjusting for potential confounders, the presence of active cancer was not associated with increased in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.06 [95% CI, 0.89–1.27];
P
=0.523). However, active cancer was associated with an increased risk of readmission at 30, 90, and 180 days after TAVR and increased risk of bleeding requiring transfusion at 30 days. Active colon and any type of metastatic cancer were individually associated with readmissions at 30, 90, and 180 days after TAVR. At 30 days after TAVR, colon (aOR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.68–3.76];
P
<0.001), prostate (aOR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.05–1.86];
P
=0.021), and any type of metastatic cancer (aOR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.23–2.22];
P
=0.001) were individually associated with an increased risk of bleeding requiring transfusion.

Conclusions

Patients with active cancer had similar in‐hospital mortality after TAVR but higher risk of readmission and bleeding requiring transfusion, the latter depending on certain types of cancer.
Factors Associated With Maintenance of an Improved Ejection Fraction: An Echocardiogram‐Based Registry Study
Authors: McElderry Brenna , O'Neill Thomas , Griffin Brian P. , Kalahasti Vidyasagar , Barzilai Benico , Brateanu Andrei
Published: October 2023

Background

Heart failure with improved ejection fraction (EF) is increasingly recognized as a sizable and distinct entity. While the features associated with improvedEF have been explored and new guidelines have emerged, factors associated with sustaining an improved EF over time have not been defined. We aimed to assess factors associated with maintenance of an improved EF in a large real‐world patient cohort.

Methods and Results

A total of 7070 participants with heart failure with improved EF and a subsequent echocardiogram performed after at least 9 months of follow‐up were included in a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. Multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and medications were built to identify characteristics and therapeutic interventions associated with maintaining an improved EF. Mean age (SD) was 64.9 (13.8) years, 62.7% were men, and 75.1% were White participants. White race and the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors were associated with maintaining the EF at least 9 months after EF improvement. In contrast, male sex or having atrial fibrillation/flutter, coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, presence of an implanted cardioverter‐defibrillator, and use of loop diuretics were associated with a decline in EF after previously documented improvement.

Conclusions

Continued use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors was associated with maintaining the EF beyond the initial improvement phase.
Coagulation Factor Expression and Composition of Arterial Thrombi in Cancer-Associated Stroke
Authors: Yoo Joonsang , Kwon Il , Kim Sungeun , Kim Hye Min , Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Heo Ji Hoe
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Cancer is associated with an increased risk of stroke. Tumor cells activate platelets, induce a coagulation cascade, and generate thrombin. The composition of thrombi may reflect the mechanism of thrombosis, aiding the determination of the treatment strategy. Here, we investigated the composition and expression of coagulation factors in the thrombi of patients with cancer-associated stroke.

METHODS:

Patients with stroke who underwent endovascular thrombectomy between September 2014 and June 2020 and whose cerebral thrombi were obtained were divided into those with cancer-associated stroke (cancer group) and propensity score–matched patients without cancer (control group), using 1:1 matching based on age and sex. Immunohistochemistry was performed of the thrombi, and the composition and expression of coagulation factors were compared between groups.

RESULTS:

Among the 320 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy and who had thrombi obtained, this study included 23 patients with cancer and 23 matched controls. In both groups, the median age was 65 years, and 12 patients (52.2%) were men. Platelet composition was significantly higher in the cancer group than in the control group (median [interquartile range], 51.3% [28.0%–61.4%] versus 9.5% [4.8%–14.0%];
P
<0.001). Among coagulation factors, thrombin (26.2% [16.2%–52.7%] versus 4.5% [1.3%–7.2%];
P
<0.001) and tissue factors (0.60% [0.34%–2.06%] versus 0.37% [0.22%–0.60%];
P
=0.024) were higher and factor X was lower (1.25% [0.39%–3.60%] versus 2.33% [1.67%–4.48%];
P
=0.034) in the cancer group. There was a positive correlation between thrombin and platelets in the cancer group (r=0.666;
P
=0.001) but not in the control group (r=−0.167;
P
=0.627).

CONCLUSIONS:

Cerebral thrombi in patients with cancer-associated stroke showed higher proportions of platelets, thrombin, and tissue factors, suggesting their key roles in arterial thrombosis in cancer and providing a therapeutic perspective for preventing stroke in patients with cancer-associated stroke.
Can Personnel Policy Improve Teacher Quality? The Role of Evaluation and the Impact of Exiting Low-Performing Teachers
Authors: Sartain Lauren , Steinberg Matthew P.
Published: October 2023

Historically, teacher evaluation systems have identified few teachers as low-performing and needing improvement. In 2012, at the beginning of a national reform movement, Chicago Public Schools implemented its overhauled evaluation system, which incorporated multiple measures of teaching practice and dismissal plans for low-rated teachers. We find that the reform increased the exit rate of low-rated tenured teachers by 50 percent. At the same time, the teachers who replaced the exited teachers were significantly higher-performing. Ultimately, the accountability function of the reformed teacher evaluation policy resulted in higher teaching quality. However, the policy impact was limited because very few teachers received low ratings under the reformed system. Policy simulation results suggest that the available teacher labor supply is likely sufficient to set a higher standard for satisfactory teaching.
A Shared Intuitive (Mis)understanding of Psychophysical Law Leads Both Novices and Educated Students to Believe in a Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
Authors: Sanford Emily M. , Halberda Justin
Published: October 2023

Humans are both the scientists who discover psychological laws and the thinkers who behave according to those laws. Oftentimes, when our natural behavior is in accord with those laws, this dual role serves us well: our intuitions about our own behavior can serve to inform our discovery of new laws. But, in cases where the laws that we discover through science do not agree with the intuitions and biases we carry into the lab, we may find it harder to believe in and adopt those laws. Here, we explore one such case. Since the founding of psychophysics, the notion of a Just Noticeable Difference (JND) in perceptual discrimination has been ubiquitous in experimental psychology—even in spite of theoretical advances since the 1950’s that argue that there can be no such thing as a threshold in perceiving difference. We find that both novices and psychologically educated students alike misunderstand the JND to mean that, below a certain threshold, humans will be unable to tell which of two quantities is greater (e.g., that humans will be completely at chance when trying to judge which is heavier, a bag with 3000 grains of sand or 3001). This belief in chance performance below a threshold is inconsistent with psychophysical law. We argue that belief in a JND is part of our intuitive theory of psychology and is therefore very difficult to dispel.
Metataeniacanthus suggrundi sp. nov. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Taeniacanthidae) recovered from Suggrundus meerdervoorti (Bleeker, 1860) (Actinopterygii) in Japan
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: October 2023

Metataeniacanthus suggrundi sp. nov. is described based on a single specimen of the female recovered from the inner surface of the operculum of Suggrundus meerdervoorti (Bleeker, 1860) (Perciformes, Platycephalidae) in Japan. S. meerdervoorti is a new host for the genus.
Seasonal resting metabolic rate in Platorchestia platensis (Amphipoda, Talitridae)
Authors: Wildish D. J. , Durante J. , Asnicar D. , De Jourdan B.
Published: October 2023

Populations of Platorchestia platensis were collected throughout the annual season at Indian Point (N.B., Canada), then acclimated (wrack or driftwood) and oxygen uptake measurements were made on individuals at standard temperature (approx. 19°C) and lighting conditions (1212-hour lightdark). P. platensis reduces resting rate (= standard metabolic rate, SMR) and growth and reproduction cease (diapause) during the colder months. SMR and growth begin increasing when the warm season starts towards the end of March at Indian Point. Wrack-acclimated P. platensis SMR peaks near the summer solstice in June and a month later for driftwood-acclimated populations. The SMR of wrack-acclimated P. platensis at 45°N begins dropping, following the June peak, towards a period of overwintering dormancy (= diapause) to be reached near the vernal equinox in September. Wrack-acclimated populations of P. platensis in winter maintain their inverse metabolic relationship with size. During winter in driftwood-acclimated populations, the relationship with weight is lost.
Radiobiological studies on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Supreeth G. Sham , Hanchinal S.G. , Bheemanna M. , Hosamani Arunkumar , Haveri Rachappa V. , Nidagundi J.M.
Published: October 2023

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) is a notorious invasive pest causing significant economic damage to various crops. The extensive damage caused by this pest has created havoc in India and has become a nightmare for farmers. The management steps taken for controlling the pest have become futile. There are several instances depicting the failure of conventional management tactics, viz resistance against insecticides and transgenic maize lines paving the way for exploiting newer paradigms of pest management. Hence, a novel approach through the use of gamma irradiation against the pest was attempted. A dose-response trial encompassing doses from 50 to 200 Gy was employed to study the adverse effects of gamma irradiation on the biology of fall armyworm. The irradiated insects were crossed with their counterpart and the developmental profile of progeny was analysed. The obtained results were quite promising and showed a significant effect on the biology of the pest with progression of the irradiation dose. When females were exposed to irradiation and crossed with fertile counterparts, fecundity decreased with an increase in irradiation dose. A considerable increase in the egg, larval and pupal period was observed at 100 and 150 Gy. This decreased fecundity reduces the pest’s build-up in the field and the prolonged developmental period make the pest more prone to biotic and abiotic annihilation factors. Hence, the above-mentioned strategy has plausible applications in the near future and this tool can better be fitted into area-wide integrated pest management programmes.
Tricontinental Reverberations: Anti-Imperialist Solidarity in the International War Crimes Tribunal on Vietnam
Authors: Christoph Lena C.
Published: October 2023

In 1967, amid the U.S. war in Vietnam, distinguished leftist intellectuals and activists gathered in Sweden and Denmark to establish the first citizens’ tribunal. Initiated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell, the purpose of the International War Crimes Tribunal (iwct) was to put the U.S. government on trial for its military actions in Southeast Asia. This article has two objectives. First, it argues that this activist endeavour was embedded in a larger internationalist movement against Western imperialism, namely Tricontinentalism, of which the war in Vietnam was a connecting factor. Second, the article investigates the tribunal as a manifestation of the solidarity that the New Left in the West maintained with revolutionary movements in the Third World. It aims to show the utility of the theoretical concept of political solidarity, most thoroughly elaborated by Sally J. Scholz, for the global history analysis of social justice movements. At the same time, it contends the necessity of additional parameters when studying manifestations of political solidarity in a post- and settler-colonial context, drawing on new scholarship on colonial-sensitive solidarity. By carving out the specificities of this case of activism on the theoretical ground, this investigation also highlights the importance, advantages, and pitfalls of political anti-imperialist solidarity.
Reawakening Cold War Social Movements Through Memory Work and Archival Performance
Authors: Grimaldi Anna , Gukelberger Sandrine
Published: October 2023

This article examines the ways in which artefacts of Cold War social movements are reassembled in and through the creation of archives in the present. We ask: how have artefacts of past social movements been re-engaged with memory work through intergenerational transmission and performance? Through the analysis of selected examples, including a) ethnographic work on a Pan-African social movement in Senegal, b) archival research of Cuban Cold War graphic design, and c) a decolonial pedagogical project taking place at a UK university, we illustrate the different – and at times overlapping – dimensions of the ‘memory-activism nexus’ they engage (Rigney 2018; 2020). Through a theoretical framework that draws from social movement theory, memory studies and performance theory in relation to archives, we identify and analyse contemporary engagements with past social movements. We argue that through distinct interpretations, (re)assemblages, and framings of artefacts, memory work through the creation of archives is necessarily an embodied and performative practice.
Morpho-colorimetric characterization of the perigonium of the Alstroemeria pulchra complex (Alstroemeriaceae, Alstroemerieae) as an aid to delimit its infraspecific taxa
Authors: VILLALOBOS NICOLÁS I. , FINOT VÍCTOR L. , TORO-NÚÑEZ OSCAR , BAEZA CARLOS , RUIZ EDUARDO , CARRASCO PEDRO , CAMPOS JORGE , MELÍN PEDRO
Published: October 2023

The main taxonomic characters of Alstroemeria derive from the perianth and have traditionally been used from qualitative perspectives, which difficult their interpretation, especially in species considered as infraspecific complexes. Through spectrophotometry and specialized image analysis approaches, a total of one hundred and sixty flowers from twenty populations of the Alstroemeria pulchra complex were quantified. Our results allowed us to recognize the infraspecific taxa A. pulchra subsp. lavandulacea, A. pulchra var. maxima, and A. pulchra var. pulchra through the color, shape, size, and ornamental patterns of their tepals. The colorimetric information subjected to discriminant analysis corroborate the taxonomic utility of flower color. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of ornamental patterns, sizes, and shapes of the tepals. The discriminant analysis of the combined matrix that included the shape and ornamental patterns allowed us to identify three non-overlapping groups within A. pulchra, with a high differentiation degree. These results significantly contribute to improving the understanding of the phenotypic variability of A. pulchra and its infraspecific taxa. This information will serve as a basis for systematic studies that will address the relationships between these and other related taxa from an integrative taxonomic perspective.
Contributions to the Lepanthes (Orchidaceae) knowledge in Ecuador: A new species from Cordillera del Toisán and new records for the country
Authors: MONTEROS MARCO F. , RESTREPO EUGENIO , ITURRALDE GABRIEL A. , JIMÉNEZ MARCO M. , BAQUERO LUIS E.
Published: October 2023

Río Manduriacu and Dracula reserves, owned by the Fundación EcoMinga, are located in northwestern Ecuador, which has been a hotspot for the discovery of numerous new orchid species in recent years. Here, we propose Lepanthes inesmanzanoae, a new species found in Río Manduriacu reserve in Cordillera del Toisán. This species is distinguished by the transversely bilobed, velvety petals with a minute process on the outer margin of the midvein, the lower lobe of the petal shorter, triangular, attenuate, the appendix triangular, acute and the bilobed stigma. The new taxon is described, illustrated, and compared to its most similar species. Additionally, we report four new records of the genus Lepanthes for Ecuador.
Revision of the genus Dilophus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Bibionidae) from the Afrotropical Ecozone
Authors: SKARTVEIT JOHN , FREIDBERG AMNON
Published: October 2023

We revise the Afrotropical species of the genus Dilophus Meigen, redescribing each species. Previous Afrotropical records of the Palaearctic species Dilophus antipedalis Wiedemann and Dilophus femoratus Meigen are found to be erroneous, both these represent undescribed species, the former is distributed in the mountains along the southern Rift Valley and described as Dilophus riftensis sp.n., specimens recorded as the latter from Madagascar is described as Dilophus malagasicus sp.n.. Furthermore, one montane or alpine species apparently endemic to Ethiopia is described, Dilophus baleensis sp.n.. Philia splendens Hardy, 1951 is found to be a junior synonym of Dilophus bicolor Wiedemann, 1821. We summarise what is known about the distribution and phenology of these species in the Afrotropical ecozone.
Stoneflies left over from a mining disaster: new species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil
Authors: CASTILLO-VELÁSQUEZ R.M. , GONÇALVES M.C. , CORREIA M.C. DIAS , VIANA A.D.L. , RIPPEL M.L.S. , BONFÁ-NETO P. , SPERBER C.F. , SALLES F.F.
Published: October 2023

Seven years after a mudflow reached an important area of the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil, and with the objective of reporting the current Plecoptera fauna, specimens of Anacroneuria Klapálek, 1909 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) were studied. Three new records from this basin are included: A. mineira Novaes & Bispo, 2014; A. atrifrons Klapálek, 1922; and Anacroneuria itatiaiensis Baldin, Bispo & Novaes, 2013. A new species is described: A. piranga sp. nov. Castillo-Velásquez, Gonçalves & Salles. The new species is morphologically similar to A. annulicauda Stark & Kondratieff, 2004 and A. atrifrons, but can be distinguished by the keel of the penial armature, which is flat and pointed at the apex. In addition to its description, photographs of all species are included, as well as a detailed description of the habitat of the new species.
On the Impact of a Dry Intrusion Driving Cloud-Regime Transitions in a Midlatitude Cold-Air Outbreak
Authors: Tornow Florian , Ackerman Andrew S. , Fridlind Ann M. , Tselioudis George , Cairns Brian , Painemal David , Elsaesser Gregory
Published: October 2023

Marine cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) occur in the postfrontal sector of midlatitude storms, usually accompanied by dry intrusions (DIs) shaping the free-tropospheric (FT) air aloft. Substantial rain initiates overcast to broken regime transitions in marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud decks that form where cold air first meets relatively high sea surface temperatures. An exemplary CAO in the northwest Atlantic shows earlier transitions (corresponding to reduced extents of overcast clouds) closer to the low pressure center. We hypothesize that gradients in the meteorological pattern imposed by the prevailing DI induced a variability in substantial rain onset and thereby transition. We compile satellite observations, reanalysis fields, and Lagrangian large-eddy simulations (LES) translating along MBL trajectories to show that postfrontal trajectories closer to the low pressure center are more favorable to rain formation (and thereby cloud transitions) because of 1) weaker FT subsidence rates, 2) greater FT humidity, 3) stronger MBL winds, and 4) a colder MBL with reduced lower-tropospheric stability. LES confirms the observed variability in transitions, with substantial rain appearing earlier where there is swifter reduction of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentration and increase of liquid water path (LWP). Prior to substantial rain, CCN budgets indicate dominant loss terms from FT entrainment and hydrometeor collisions. LWP-enhancing cloud thickness increases more rapidly for weaker large-scale subsidence that enables faster MBL deepening. Mere MBL warming and moistening cannot explain cloud thickness increases. The generality of such a DI-imposed cloud transition pattern merits further investigation with more cases that may additionally be convoluted by onshore aerosol gradients.

Significance Statement

Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) lead to marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds that commonly undergo rain-initiated overcast to broken cloud regime transitions that can drastically impact reflected solar radiation. We aim to better understand what mechanisms control these transitions. For a CAO event in the northwest Atlantic that shows earlier transitions closer to the low pressure center, we find the transition timing to be largely governed by the coinciding dry intrusion that imposes an inhomogeneous large-scale meteorological pattern onto the overlying free troposphere and thereby affects MBL rain formation. Our findings update conceptual understanding of extratropical cyclones and motivate analyzing observations and conducting simulations for more postfrontal cases through a Lagrangian perspective as done here for one case, to assess the generality of our findings.
Impacts of Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss on Daily Weather Patterns over North America
Authors: Gervais Melissa , Sun Lantao , Deser Clara
Published: October 2023

Future Arctic sea ice loss has a known impact on Arctic amplification (AA) and mean atmospheric circulation. Furthermore, several studies have shown it leads to a decreased variance in temperature over North America. In this study, we analyze results from two fully coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM4) simulations with sea ice nudged to either the ensemble mean of WACCM historical runs averaged over the 1980–99 period for the control (CTL) or projected RCP8.5 values over the 2080–99 period for the experiment (EXP). Dominant large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) are then identified using self-organizing maps applied to winter daily 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies () over North America. We investigate how sea ice loss (EXP − CTL) impacts the frequency of these LSMPs and, through composite analysis, the sensible weather associated with them. We find differences in LSMP frequency but no change in residency time, indicating there is no stagnation of the flow with sea ice loss. Sea ice loss also acts to de-amplify and/or shift the that characterize these LSMPs and their associated anomalies in potential temperature at 850 hPa. Impacts on precipitation anomalies are more localized and consistent with changes in anomalous sea level pressure. With this LSMP framework we provide new mechanistic insights, demonstrating a role for thermodynamic, dynamic, and diabatic processes in sea ice impacts on atmospheric variability. Understanding these processes from a synoptic perspective is critical as some LSMPs play an outsized role in producing the mean response to Arctic sea ice loss.

Significance Statement

The goal of this study is to understand how future Arctic sea ice loss might impact daily weather patterns over North America. We use a global climate model to produce one set of simulations where sea ice is similar to present conditions and another that represents conditions at the end of the twenty-first century. Daily patterns in large-scale circulation at roughly 5.5 km in altitude are then identified using a machine learning method. We find that sea ice loss tends to de-amplify these patterns and their associated impacts on temperature nearer the surface. Our methodology allows us to probe more deeply into the mechanisms responsible for these changes, which provides a new way to understand how sea ice loss can impact the daily weather we experience.
Impact of Adjusted and Nonadjusted Surface Observations on the Cold Season Performance of the Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) System
Authors: Feng Pei-Ning , Bélair Stéphane , Khedhaouiria Dikraa , Lespinas Franck , Mekis Eva , Thériault Julie M.
Published: October 2023

The Canadian Precipitation Analysis System (CaPA) is an operational system that uses a combination of weather gauge and ground-based radar measurements together with short-term forecasts from a numerical weather model to provide near-real-time estimates of 6- and 24-h precipitation amounts. During the winter season, many gauge measurements are rejected by the CaPA quality control process because of the wind-induced undercatch for solid precipitation. The goal of this study is to improve the precipitation estimates over central Canada during the winter seasons from 2019 to 2022. Two approaches were tested. First, the quality control procedure in CaPA has been relaxed to increase the number of surface observations assimilated. Second, the automatic solid precipitation measurements were adjusted using a universal transfer function to compensate for the undercatch problem. Although increasing the wind speed threshold resulted in lower amounts and worse biases in frequency, the overall precipitation estimates are improved as the equitable threat score is improved because of a substantial decrease in the false alarm ratio, which compensates the degradation of the probability of detection. The increase of solid precipitation amounts using a transfer function improves the biases in both frequency and amounts and the probability of detection for all precipitation thresholds. However, the false alarm ratio deteriorates for large thresholds. The statistics vary from year to year, but an overall improvement is demonstrated by increasing the number of stations and adjusting the solid precipitation amounts for wind speed undercatch.
Proximity of alcohol outlets and presentation to hospital by young people after self-harm: A retrospective geospatial study using the integrated data infrastructure
Authors: Hetrick Sarah E , Hobbs Matthew , Fortune Sarah , Marek Lukas , Wiki Jesse , Boden Joseph M , Theodore Reremoana , Ruhe Troy , Kokaua Jesse J , Thabrew Hiran , Milne Barry , Bowden Nicholas
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

There is a well-established association between alcohol use, misuse, intoxication and self-harm, the latter of which is associated with suicide. This study aimed to better understand the association between proximity to alcohol outlets and the likelihood of young people presenting to hospital following self-harm.

Methods:

This was a nationwide retrospective geospatial study using data from the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure using population-level data for 10–29-year-olds for the 2018 and 2017 calendar years. Presentations to hospital following self-harm were identified using the national minimum data set. Proximity to alcohol outlets was defined in road network distance (in kilometres) and ascertained using Integrated Data Infrastructure geospatial data. Alternative measures of proximity were employed in sensitivity analyses. Complete-case two-level random intercept logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between alcohol outlet proximity and hospital presentation for self-harm. Adjusted models included sex, age, ethnicity, area-level deprivation, urbanicity and distance to nearest medical facility. Analyses were also stratified by urbanicity.

Results:

Of the 1,285,368 individuals (mean [standard deviation] age 20.0 [5.9] years), 7944 (0.6%) were admitted to hospital for self-harm. Overall, the odds of presenting to hospital for self-harm significantly decreased as the distance from the nearest alcohol outlet increased, including in adjusted models (adjusted odds ratio 0.980; 95% confidence interval = [0.969–0.992]); the association was robust to changes in the measure of alcohol proximity. The effect direction was consistent across all categorisations of urbanicity, but only statistically significant in large urban areas and rural areas.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study show a clear association between young people’s access to alcohol outlets and presentation to hospital for self-harm and may provide a mandate for government policies and universal interventions to reduce young people’s access to alcohol outlets. Further research regarding causative mechanisms is needed.
‘E koekoe te Tūī, e ketekete te Kākā, e kuku te Kererū, The Tūī chatters, the Kākā cackles, and the Kererū coos’: Insights into explanatory factors, treatment experiences and recovery for Māori with eating disorders – A qualitative study
Authors: Clark Mau Te Rangimarie , Manuel Jenni , Lacey Cameron , Pitama Suzanne , Cunningham Ruth , Jordan Jennifer
Published: October 2023

Background:

Eating disorders are as common in Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa-New Zealand, as they are in non-Māori; however, research has focused on the experiences of non-Māori. This paper will describe explanatory factors, treatment experiences and what helps with recovery for Māori.

Methods:

Kaupapa Māori research methodology informed the methods and analysis. Fifteen semi-structured interviews comprised thirteen Māori participants with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder) and two whānau (support network) members. A thematic analysis was undertaken by a first cycle of coding that used deductive structural coding to identify data describing participants’ perceived causes of eating disorders, their experience of treatment and recovery. A second cycle of coding used inductive analysis with descriptive and pattern coding.

Results:

Three overarching themes were antecedents (cumulative exposure), treatment (a system of complexities) and recovery (resource empowerment). Antecedents comprised cumulative exposure to body and sporting ideals and adversity as causal factors of eating disorders. In the treatment theme, a system of complexities critiqued rural settings for generalised mental health services, allocation of Māori cultural support, the economic burden of treatment, culturally incongruent treatment (methods, values) and a weight-focused discharge criterion. Recovery (resource empowerment) found appropriate health information, self-determination and connection to Māori culture and whānau aspirations helped with recovery.

Conclusion:

The diversity of birdcalls reminds us of the individuality of eating disorders. Health practitioners are reminded that just as the Tūī, Kākā and Kererū possess their own unique birdcalls, so do Māori with eating disorders and their whānau have their own experiences, needs and required treatment responses.
One Year Evaluation of Pharmacist Medication Charting Service in a Principal Referral Women and Newborn Hospital
Authors: Teoh Stephanie , Mukadam Nabeelah , Petrovski Michael
Published: October 2023

Background: Accuracy of medication charts on admission to hospital has previously shown that inadvertent omission of therapy was the most common discrepancy, accounting for 40% to 60% of errors. Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting (PPMC) has shown to reduce medicationrelated problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Pharmacist Medication Charting (PMC), a derivative of PPMC, in a maternity and gynecological hospital. The occurrence of medication omission identified by the pharmacists was assessed and the pharmacist interventions involving PMC analyzed. Methods: The pharmacist interventions documented from 1st July 2022 to 30th June, 2023 were evaluated using PowerBI for data and trends on the Medication-Related Problems (MRPs) identified, occurrence of PMC, common medications charted by the pharmacists and the pharmacist recommendation and action following the identification of MRPs. Results: A total of 4898 pharmacy interventions was documented in the 12-month period. Of the total interventions documented, 1321 (26.97%) were related to pharmacist medication charting. Of all the interventions related to PMC, 53.29% involved pharmacists charting medications for the continuation or initiation of over-the-counter medications, 13.32% involved pharmacist partnered charting of Prescription Only Medications and Controlled Medications with medical staff, and 33.3% were referred to a credentialled pharmacist for PMC service. With regards to action taken following interventions involving PMC, 1065 (80.62%) were resolved following PMC. Common medications charted by the pharmacists include: macrogol and docusate laxatives (288), pregnancy multivitamin containing iron, iodine and folate (169), colecalciferol (133), iron (127), asthma inhaler (99), paracetamol and ibuprofen (88), nicotine (38), calcium (29), folic acid (26), and pantoprazole (15). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that hospital pharmacists contribute to the reduction of MRPs, and PMC enables pharmacist to address prescribing omission and conditions untreated in the hospital. This study also reflects skills enhancement in practice for clinical pharmacists and resulted in successful implementation of PMC.
Delivering impact via the ebb-and-flow of a research team: Reflection on a long-term program of research into a global societal challenge*
Authors: Bednarek Rebecca , Cacciatori Eugenia , Chalkias Konstantinos , Gallagher Rodgers Rhianna , Jarzabkowski Paula , Kavas Mustafa , Krull Elisabeth
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we draw insights from a 15-year qualitative research program exploring catastrophe insurance and gaps in insurance protection as risks escalate within a world impacted by a climate emergency. We suggest that the ebb-and-flow of our research team's composition and activities through time was inextricably linked with our ability to have a sustained impact on such a large-scale societal issue. The essay situates itself within the research impact and team literature, narrates the trajectory of our research program and team development, and develops a framework for effectively managing impact-oriented qualitative research teams over time. Our framework illustrates key aspects of this process including team (re)forming, building team and individual stickability, performing, and managing team flux. We also present 10 practical takeaways for how these aspects can be managed effectively to produce long-term impact work to address grand challenges.
Growing up in Victoria, Australia, in the midst of the climate emergency
Authors: Marinkovic Chavez Katitza , Quinn Phoebe , Gibbs Lisa , Block Karen , Leppold Claire , Stanley Janet , Vella-Brodrick Dianne
Published: October 2023

Children and young people (henceforth referred to as young people) are one of the groups most affected by climate change and are at the forefront of climate action. Yet, there is scarce evidence on how young people navigate the challenges presented by climate change using their personal strengths and the resources accessible to them. This study aimed to address this gap by drawing on qualitative data from workshops with 31 young people between 12 and 22 years of age from metropolitan Melbourne and a bushfire-risk region in Victoria, Australia. An inductive thematic analysis of workshop transcripts showed that participants had progressively become aware of climate change in an increasingly uncertain world and sought to gain a sense of connection, agency, and hope. Participants aimed to achieve the latter by becoming aware of opportunities for climate actions in everyday life and developing themselves as agents of change. We discussed our findings from a developmental perspective to gain a better understanding of how supporting young people in learning about and acting on climate change can benefit their mental health and sense of agency.
The expansion of team size in library and information science (LIS): Is bigger always better?
Authors: Tang Xiaobo , Shi Wenxuan , Wu Renli , Li Shixuan
Published: October 2023

The increasing prevalence of large research teams in contemporary science has prompted an investigation into the trends of team size in library and information science (LIS). In this study, we analysed 103,299 LIS publications written by 129,560 unique authors between 2000 and 2020 sourced from the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) data sets. We conducted a temporal analysis from multiple dimensions, including journal quartiles, research topics and researchers with varying impact levels. In addition, we employed two multivariate linear regression models – with and without author fixed effects – to scrutinise the relationship between team size and publication impact. Our findings reveal continuous growth in LIS team size. Notably, publications in higher-quartile journals tend to have larger teams; the team size of technical topic publications is generally larger than that of theoretical topic publications; and researchers with a higher h-index are able to assemble larger teams. Although we observed that co-authored papers have a higher average citation impact than single-authored papers, the overall positive impact of team expansion on citation growth is not always significant within the common LIS team size range (three to six authors). Our research suggests that indiscriminately increasing the size of a team may not be a prudent decision.
The power of price subsidies in Morocco
Authors: Samuel Boris , Ferlaino Beatrice
Published: October 2023

The Moroccan system of ‘compensation’ subsidises products that are deemed to be important for household purchasing power: butane gas, flour, bread, sugar, and fuel (until 2015). This article offers a historical sociology of this system, which was inaugurated during the colonial period in 1941 and which survived criticism from neoclassical economists working in international financial institutions. It demonstrates that the system’s resilience and the transformations it underwent can be analysed by treating it as a means of exercising power. Subsidies make it possible to involve private actors in governing social issues. It also helps to regulate economic and political rivalries and alliances through market interactions and competitive relationships, including around the King’s Palace. The administrative mechanisms used to calculate the subsidies and the retail prices also shape the relationships between operators in the various sectors, while allowing opaque and rentier management. In addition, despite being the subject of social demand, the compensation system has been criticised by technocrats and protest movements, particularly after the ‘Arab Spring’ revolutions in 2011. The article is based on an analysis of the practical procedures of compensation in the contemporary period, in particular concerning flour and bread, and to a lesser extent butane, as well as on an analysis of the debates and struggles that subsidies has given rise to within Moroccan society, its State administration, and its political parties.
Influence of aerobic exercise on inhibitory control of executive functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abo-zaid Nehad A , El-Gendy Amira M , Hewidy Islam , Essam Ali Mohammed , Sabbahi Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study investigates the influence of aerobic exercise training on inhibitory control of executive functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Design

Single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinic.

Participants

Children aged 7–11 with left-sided hemiplegic cerebral palsy with emotional and behavioral dysregulation evidenced by scores >28 on Paediatric Symptom Checklist and GMFCS I or II ( n = 60).

Intervention

Participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups. The control group received standard-of-care physical therapy for 1 h, and the aerobic exercise group received standard-of-care physical therapy for 30 min and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on a bicycle ergometer for 30 min. All groups received treatment three times a week for 12 weeks.

Main Measures

The Eriksen Flanker test and Stroop Color–Word test were used to assess inhibitory control of executive function at the baseline and after 12 weeks.

Results

Differences between pre- and post-treatment values in the exercise group showed significant improvement in Flanker response accuracy and Stroop response accuracy ( p = 0.001) and significant decreases in Flanker congruent reaction time and Stroop congruent reaction time ( p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between both groups in Flanker incongruent reaction time and Stroop incongruent reaction time ( p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Aerobic exercise has a promising effect on inhibitory control of executive function in children with left-sided hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
A general theory of rehabilitation: Rehabilitation catalyses and assists adaptation to illness
Authors: Wade Derick T
Published: October 2023

Background

There is no general theory of rehabilitation, only definitions and descriptions, with the biopsychosocial model of illness as a structure.

Objective

To develop a general theory of rehabilitation that explains how healthcare rehabilitation changes outcomes and to evaluate its validity.

Need

A general rehabilitation theory would help research, improve services, increase understanding, modify resource allocation and explain some anomalies, such as how rehabilitation helps when no natural recovery occurs.

Building blocks

People adapt to change throughout their lives. Illness is a change, and people adapt to their illness. Adaptation's purpose is to maintain an equilibrium in a person's life. The balanced components are related to Maslow's five needs: basic, safety, affiliation, status and self-fulfilment. The general theory of behaviour suggests that a person's behaviours change to maintain balance, regulated by a central homeostatic mechanism.

The theory

Rehabilitation aids adaptation to changes associated with illness through accurate diagnosis and formulation, catalysing adaptation, optimising the environment and assisting the person in making necessary changes by safely practising activities and teaching self-management.

Implications

The theory makes the person the central active agent, emphasises the importance of the environment in facilitating adaptation, explains why all conditions may benefit, including progressive and static conditions, suggests that health can be equated to someone maintaining their equilibrium and explains why a small dose may be very effective.

Conclusion

The general theory of rehabilitation emphasises the catalytic effects of rehabilitation in facilitating and guiding adaptation and suggests areas for research and improvement.