bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrier density in p-type ZnTe with nitrogen and copper doping
Authors: Abazari Maryam , Ahmad Faisal R , Raghavan Kamala C , Cournoyer James R , Her Jae-Hyuk , Davis Robert , Chera John , Smentkowski Vince , Korevaar Bas A
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we demonstrate deposition methods and conditions that allow the control of the electrical properties of doped ZnTe grown by RF magnetron sputtering using both nitrogen and copper as dopants. The carrier density of the films was characterized using a van der Pauw Hall effect measurement method. We demonstrate how the concentration of nitrogen in the plasma during the growth of the film impacts the conductivity of the ZnTe films. Films with hole concentrations in excess of 1018 cm-3 and a high degree of crystallinity were successfully grown. Similarly, we demonstrate that the hole concentration in the Cu-doped ZnTe can be varied by varying the amount of copper introduced in the films. We also observe that annealing the copper doped ZnTe films increases the carrier density, whereas annealing the nitrogen doped ZnTe films causes a decrease in carrier concentration and conductivity.
CdTe Solar Cells: Processing Limits and Defect Chemistry Effects on Open Circuit Voltage
Authors: McCandless Brian E.
Published: October 2013

The role of CdTe solar cell processing on the defect chemistry that limits open circuit voltage (VOC) is addressed in the thermochemical processing regimes commonly encountered in present-generation CdTe devices. The highest VOC is 0.91 V for a bulk CdTe crystal with ITO which is only marginally higher than VOC = 0.86 V obtained for polycrystalline CdTe films with CdS. Both fall ∼0.4 V short of the VOC expected for CdTe, having band gap EG = 1.5 eV. The present >16% efficient superstrate CdTe cell uses a process based on high-temperature, T > 500°C, CdTe growth on CdS, coupled with optimized methods for incorporating oxygen, sulfur, copper, and chloride species in the CdTe film. Pushing cell conversion efficiencies beyond 20% will require increasing VOC beyond 1V. However the present pathway of processing optimization will likely yield VOC and efficiency converging on 0.9 V and <20%, respectively.
Effective electrochemical n-type doping of ZnO thin films for photovoltaic window applications
Authors: Marí-Soucase B. , Cembrero-Coca P. , Mollar M. , Calixto M. E.
Published: October 2013

An effective n-type doping of ZnO using Cl was demonstrated in thin films electrochemically synthetized by adding different amounts of chlorine ions in the starting electrolyte. The ratio between chlorine and zinc cations was varied between 0 and 2 while the zinc concentration in the solution was kept constant. When the concentration of chloride in the bath increases an effective n-type doping of ZnO films takes place. n-type doping is evidenced by the rise of donors concentration, obtained from Mott-Schottky measurements, as well as from the blue shift observed in the optical gap owing to the Burstein-Moss effect.
Cupric Oxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Isherwood Patrick J. M. , Maniscalco Biancamaria , Lisco Fabiana , Kaminski Piotr M. , Bowers Jake W. , Walls John M.
Published: October 2013

Cupric oxide thin films were sputtered onto soda-lime glass slides from a single pre-formed ceramic target using a radio-frequency power supply. The effects of oxygen partial pressure and substrate temperature on the optical, electrical and structural properties of the films were studied. It was found that increasing temperature resulted in increased crystallinity and crystal size but also increased film resistivity. The most conductive films were those deposited at room temperature. Increasing oxygen partial pressure was found to reduce resistivity dramatically. This is thought to be due to higher charge carrier concentrations resulting from increased copper vacancies. Increasing oxygen partial pressure causes an increase in the optical band gap from a minimum of 0.8eV up to a maximum of 1.42eV. Oxygen-rich films display reduced crystallinity, becoming increasingly amorphous with increased oxygen content. These results show that the optical, electrical and structural properties of sputtered cupric oxide films can be controlled by alteration of the deposition environment.
Optimising The Parameters For The Synthesis Of Cuin-Nanoparticles By Chemical Reduction Method For Chalcopyrite Thin Film Precursors
Authors: Schuster Matthias , Möckel Stefan A. , Wibowo Rachmat Adhi , Hock Rainer , Wellmann Peter J.
Published: October 2013

Roll-to-roll deposition techniques for the fabrication of chalcopyrite solar cells are of major interest and are a promising alternative to state of the art vacuum processes. However, for roll-to-roll processes the preparation of precursor materials like nanoparticle inks is a crucial point. In this work a study on the preparation technique of copper-indium intermetallic nanoparticles was conducted. The preparation of the nanoparticles is based on the chemical reduction of copper and indium cations with sodium borohydride. Different parameters are discussed regarding their influence on (1) size and shape of the nanoparticles, (2) Cu/In ratio within the synthesised nanoparticles and (3) yield of the synthesis. Results show a strong dependency of the Cu/In ratio of the nanoparticles and the yield of the synthesis on the synthesis parameters. The influence of different parameters like (a) the ratio of metal cations to BH4- anions, (b) the Cu2+/In3+ cation ratio within the precursor solution and (c) the dropping rate of the copper-indium precursor solution are discussed. The Cu/In ratio within the nanoparticles can mainly be controlled by the Cu2+/In3+ cation ratio and the dropping rate of the copper-indium precursor solution. The yield of the synthesis shows saturation behaviour depending on the ratio of metal cations to BH4- anions. Shape and size of the nanoparticles are independent of the varied parameters.
Moisture Resistant Ga-Doped ZnO Films with Highly Transparent Conductivity for Use in Window Layers of Thin-Film Solar Cells
Authors: Song H. -P. , Makino H. , Kishimoto S. , Yamamoto T.
Published: October 2013

Highly transparent conductive Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films are one of the promising transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films for use in electrodes of flat display panels and window layers of thin film solar cells. For the ZnO-based TCO films, the stability to damp-heat environment is a crucial issue for practical applications. We will report moisture resistant GZO codoped with indium films (GZO:In) on the basis of analysis of data obtained a damp-heat test for solar cells (85°C and 85% relative humidity for 1000 hours).

We used ZnO sintered targets with contents of 3 wt% Ga2O3 and 0.25 wt% In2O3 to grow GZO:In films in ion plating with direct current arc-discharge system. GZO:In films with different thicknesses (0.1-1 μm) were deposited on glass substrates at 200°C under the O2 flow rate of 15 sccm. As the film thickness increased from 0.1 to 1 μm, the resistivity and sheet resistance decreased from 4.3 μΩm to 2.6 μΩm and from 42.7 Ω/Sq. to 2.6 Ω/Sq., respectively. And the average optical transmittance (Tav) in the range from 0.4 to 1 μm decreased from ∼ 86% to ∼ 75%. The GZO:In film with a thickness of ∼300 nm had a low sheet resistance of 10.5 Ω/Sq. and a Tav of 82.5%. After 1000 hours damp-heat (DH) test under 85°C and 85% relative humidity, the relative change of sheet resistance is 3.4% with a Hall mobility of 26.4 cm2/V.s and a Tav of 82.7% after test. The film thicker than 300 nm has a sheet resistance lower than 10 Ω/Sq. and a relative change of resistance of ∼3% after DH test.
Contribuições da terapia comunitária integrativa para usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS): do isolamento à sociabilidade libertadora
Authors: Carvalho Mariana Albernaz Pinheiro de , Dias Maria Djair , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Ferreira Filha Maria de Oliveira
Published: October 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as contribuições da terapia comunitária integrativa considerando as mudanças de comportamentos de usuários de um Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa compreensivo-interpretativa de abordagem qualitativa, onde se utilizou a história oral temática. O cenário da investigação foi o CAPS Caminhar, localizado na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. O material empírico foi produzido a partir de entrevistas realizadas com seis colaboradores, e o produto desse material foi discutido com base na análise temática proposta por Minayo, que subsidiou a construção de dois grandes eixos temáticos: A terapia comunitária integrativa como práxis libertadora e mudanças que fazem a diferença. As histórias dos colaboradores revelaram que ocorreram mudanças significativas nos campos pessoal, profissional e comunitário, a partir da inserção deles nas rodas de terapia comunitária integrativa, pois se verificou que tal estratégia promoveu a recuperação dos processos de socialização natural que constituem a vida humana. Ficou claro que o uso da terapia comunitária integrativa está relacionado a propostas de inclusão e reabilitação psicossocial de seus participantes.
Possibilities and challenges for physical and social environment research in Brazil: a systematic literature review on health behaviors
Authors: Belon Ana Paula , Nykiforuk Candace
Published: October 2013

This systematic review analyzed articles focused on the relationship between environment (physical, built, perceived, and social) and smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet, and obesity in Brazil. Studies published between 19952011 were retrieved from seven databases and hand searches. Based on the 42 articles reviewed, gaps were identified and recommendations were made for future research. Despite a growing number of studies, the Brazilian literature is still limited. The increase of articles in 2010-2011 coincided with the diversification of lifestyles studied, although physical activity domain remains predominant. Most studies analyzed neighborhood settings and used subjective measures for lifestyle and for environment. The presence of recreational facilities was the main physical environment aspect studied, while safety from crime was the prominent social environment factor. More research is needed to yield a rich body of evidence that leads to theoretical and methodological advances, and that supports interventions aimed at creating healthy environments.
Built environment and social environment: associations with overweight and obesity in a sample of Brazilian adults
Authors: Velásquez-Meléndez Gustavo , Mendes Larissa Loures , Padez Cristina Maria Proença
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to assess associations between the built environment and social environment and excess weight in an urban population. Participants were selected from the Surveillance System for Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases (VIGITEL). The study used data from the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A total of 3,425 interviews from the years 2008 and 2009 were used. Georeferenced data on parks, squares, and locations for physical exercise, population density, and food stores were used to assess the built environment. Description of the social environment used income and homicide rate for the neighborhood. Environmental variables associated independently with excess weight were population density, presence of parks, squares, and locations for physical exercise, and self-reported presence of locations for physical exercise. The findings show that residential neighborhood characteristics are associated with excess weight in urban adults.
Ingestão de folato nos períodos pré e pós-fortificação mandatória: estudo de base populacional em São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Verly-Jr. Eliseu , Steluti Josiane , Cesar Chester Luis Galvão , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: October 2013

Analisou-se a ingestão de folato nos períodos pré e pós-fortificação. Os dados dietéticos foram coletados por recordatório de 24 horas (R24h) no Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA-Capital) em 2003 e 2007/2008, estratificando-se a população segundo fase da vida e sexo. Utilizaram-se os valores de recomendação: necessidade média estimada (EAR) e nível máximo de ingestão tolerada (UL) e o método "EAR como ponto de corte" para estimar a inadequação da ingestão. Houve redução na prevalência de inadequação da ingestão de folato em todos os estratos, com destaque para os adolescentes e adultos do sexo masculino, de 72% para < 1% e de 76% para 6%, mas nas mulheres adultas a inadequação permaneceu elevada (38%). Antes da fortificação, o feijão foi o alimento que mais contribuiu para a ingestão de folato; após, o maior contribuinte passou a ser o pão, porém o feijão permaneceu importante. A fortificação foi bem-sucedida (aumentou a ingestão dentro de níveis seguros), porém, gera preocupação a elevada proporção no grupo alvo, mulheres adultas, que não atingem a recomendação para ingestão de folato.
Living conditions and access to health services by Bolivian immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Silveira Cássio , Carneiro Junior Nivaldo , Ribeiro Manoel Carlos Sampaio de Almeida , Barata Rita de Cássia Barradas
Published: October 2013

Bolivian immigrants in Brazil experience serious social problems: precarious work conditions, lack of documents and insufficient access to health services. The study aimed to investigate inequalities in living conditions and access to health services among Bolivian immigrants living in the central area of São Paulo, Brazil, using a cross-sectional design and semi-structured interviews with 183 adults. According to the data, the immigrants tend to remain in Brazil, thus resulting in an aging process in the group. Per capita income increases the longer the immigrants stay in the country. The majority have secondary schooling. Work status does not vary according to time since arrival in Brazil. The immigrants work and live in garment sweatshops and speak their original languages. Social networks are based on ties with family and friends. Access to health services shows increasing inclusion in primary care. The authors conclude that the immigrants' social exclusion is decreasing due to greater access to documentation, work (although precarious), and the supply of health services from the public primary care system.
Epidemiology of Orofacial Clefts in the East of Ireland in the 25-Year Period 1984–2008
Authors: McDonnell Robert , Owens Miriam , Delany Caroline , Earley Michael , McGillivary Anne , Orr David J. , Duggan Laura
Published: October 2013

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of orofacial clefts in the east of Ireland.

Design and Setting

A descriptive epidemiologic study on 851 cases of orofacial cleft identified over a 25-year period from 1984 to 2008 from more than 500,000 births.

Results

There were 438 (51.5%) cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 413 (48.5%) cases of cleft palate. The total birth prevalence was 16.0 per 10,000 births for all orofacial clefts, 8.2 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and 7.8 for cleft palate. Of all cases, 63.7% (542/851) occurred as isolated anomalies, 21.5% (183/851) were associated with multiple anomalies, and 14.8% (126/851) were associated with a syndrome or chromosomal anomaly. A significantly increasing trend over the 25-year period was observed for cleft lip with or without cleft palate associated with syndromes or chromosomal anomalies among mothers younger than 35 years but not in those older than 35 years.

Conclusion

A slightly higher rate of orofacial clefts was observed in the east of Ireland than was observed in European and multinational studies during the study period, and there were higher rates of cleft palate. The rising trend in the proportion of mothers aged 35 years or older in Ireland is not contributing significantly to orofacial clefts associated with chromosomal syndromes.
Increase in Sagittal Depth of the Bony Nasopharynx following Maxillary Protraction in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Singla Sapna , Utreja Ashok , Singh Satinder Pal , Lou Wendy , Suri Sunjay
Published: October 2013

Objective

To study the change in the sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), following maxillary protraction using reverse headgear.

Methods

Nineteen patients (14 male, five female; aged 9.36 ± 2.89 years) with repaired complete UCLP underwent maxillary protraction with a Delaire type reverse headgear at a tertiary-care referral teaching hospital. Control data were taken from five patients (four male, one female; aged 8.25 ± 2.25 years) who did not receive any orthopedic/orthodontic treatment for a similar duration of time as the treated patients. Average treatment/observation period was 11.71 ± 3.39 months for the treated patients and 12.40 ± 2.60 months for the untreated subjects. Changes in the sagittal bony nasopharynx depth were measured by comparing pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalograms. Correlations between the changes in the bony nasopharynx depth and in other variables measured in the treated patients were analyzed. An exploratory analysis of differences in the changes from T1 to T2 between the treated patients and untreated subjects was also conducted.

Results

The favorable skeletal changes seen in SNA and ANB following maxillary protraction were accompanied by a significant increase in the sagittal depth of bony nasopharynx (1.74 ± 1.10 mm; P < .001). This change was significant when compared with the data from the untreated subjects ( P = .004). Correlations between the increase in bony nasopharynx depth and changes in other variables studied in the treated patients were weak and not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx in patients with repaired UCLP increased following maxillary protraction therapy using reverse headgear.
Effects of plant neighborhoods on plant–herbivore interactions: resource dilution and associational effects
Authors: Hambäck Peter A. , Inouye Brian D. , Andersson Petter , Underwood Nora
Published: October 2013

Effects of neighboring plants on herbivore damage to a focal plant (associational effects) have been documented in many systems and can lead to either increased or decreased herbivore attack. Mechanistic models that explain the observed variety of herbivore responses to local plant community composition have, however, been lacking. We present a model of herbivore responses to patches that consist of two plant types, where herbivore densities on a focal plant are determined by a combination of patch‐finding, within‐patch redistribution, and patch‐leaving. Our analyses show that the effect of plant neighborhood on herbivores depends both on how plant and herbivore traits combine to affect herbivore movement and on how experimental designs reveal the effects of plant density and plant relative frequency. Associational susceptibility should be the dominant pattern when herbivores have biased landing rates within patches. Other behavioral decision rules lead to mixed responses, but a common pattern is that in mixed patches, one plant type experiences associational resistance while the other plant experiences associational susceptibility. In some cases, the associational effect may shift sign along a gradient of plant frequency, suggesting that future empirical studies should include more than two plant frequencies to detect nonlinearities. Finally, we find that associational susceptibility should be commonly observed in experiments using replacement designs, whereas associational resistance will be the dominant pattern when using additive designs. Consequently, outcomes from one experimental design cannot be directly compared to studies with other designs. Our model can also be translated to other systems with foragers searching for multiple resource types.
Launching Native Health Leaders: Reducing Mistrust of Research Through Student Peer Mentorship
Authors: James Rosalina D. , McGlone West Kathleen , Madrid Teresa M.
Published: October 2013

Objectives. We assessed the impact of Launching Native Health Leaders (LNHL), a peer-mentoring and networking program that introduced American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) undergraduates to health and research careers and concepts of community-based participatory research (CBPR).

Methods. We conducted 15 interviews and 1 focus group with students who had attended 1 or more LNHL meetings, which took place during 9 professional health research conferences in 2006 to 2009. We completed data collection in 2010, within 1 to 4 years of LNHL participant engagement in program activities.

Results. Participants described identity and cultural challenges they encountered in academic institutions and how their views shifted from perceiving research as an enterprise conducted by community outsiders who were not to be trusted toward an understanding of CBPR as contributing to AI/AN health.

Conclusions. LNHL provided a safe environment for AI/AN students to openly explore their place in the health and research arenas. Programs such as LNHL support AI/AN student development as leaders in building trust for academic–tribal partnerships.
Impact of Rurality, Broiler Operations, and Community Socioeconomic Factors on the Risk of Campylobacteriosis in Maryland
Authors: Zappe Pasturel Barbara , Cruz-Cano Raul , Rosenberg Goldstein Rachel E. , Palmer Amanda , Blythe David , Ryan Patricia , Hogan Brenna , Jung Carrianne , Joseph Sam W. , Wang Min Qi , Ting Lee Mei-Ling , Puett Robin , Sapkota Amy R.
Published: October 2013

Objectives. We evaluated the combined impact of community-level environmental and socioeconomic factors on the risk of campylobacteriosis.

Methods. We obtained Campylobacter case data (2002–2010; n = 3694) from the Maryland Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network. We obtained community-level socioeconomic and environmental data from the 2000 US Census and the 2007 US Census of Agriculture. We linked data by zip code. We derived incidence rate ratios by Poisson regressions. We mapped a subset of zip code–level characteristics.

Results. In zip codes that were 100% rural, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of campylobacteriosis were 6 times (IRR = 6.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.19, 11.97) greater than those in urban zip codes. In zip codes with broiler chicken operations, incidence rates were 1.45 times greater than those in zip codes without broilers (IRR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.34, 1.58). We also observed higher rates in zip codes whose populations were predominantly White and had high median incomes.

Conclusions. The community and environment in which one lives may significantly influence the risk of campylobacteriosis.
Redressing Past Wrongs: Changing the Common Rule to Increase Minority Voices in Research
Authors: Rencher William C. , Wolf Leslie E.
Published: October 2013

Numerous diseases disproportionately affect African Americans across socioeconomic, age, gender, and geographic groups. Despite the need for research into these disparities, African Americans are often underrepresented in research. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study receives much of the blame for this problem, but other contributing factors have also been identified.

To date, government policies seeking to increase African American participation have had limited success, and recently proposed changes to the Common Rule do not address this problem. Therefore, we have proposed 3 changes: treating racial minorities as vulnerable, requiring community consultation in minority research, and increasing minority representation on institutional review boards.

Coupled with other efforts, these changes could help increase minority representation in researching health disparities.
Museums as a Venue for Public Health Intervention
Authors: Ickovics Jeannette R.
Published: October 2013

Big Food: Health, Culture, and the Evolution of Eating broke numerous records for museum attendance, highlighting the public’s appetite for public health. During its 10-month run at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, more than 120 000 visitors attended Big Food, including 25 000 students through the museum’s public education program, an increase of 30% more than the average student attendance in the past decade. Big Food cost approximately $100 000 to build, comprising printed panels and objects, installation displays (e.g., custom-built cases to house such objects as sugar-sweetened beverages and healthy and diseased organs), temporary walls, video monitors, food products, and more. At less than $1 per visitor, this provided extraordinary public health value.
Clinicopathologic and atypical features of naturally occurring leptospirosis in dogs: 51 cases (2000–2010)
Authors: Tangeman Lindsay E. , Littman Meryl P.
Published: October 2013

Objective—To determine clinicopathologic features, percentage of atypical abnormalities, antibody titers against Leptospira serogroups, and importance of convalescent titers in dogs with leptospirosis.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—51 dogs with leptospirosis.

Procedures—Criteria for inclusion were at least 1 positive microscopic agglutination test (MAT) result (titer ≥ 1:1,600 in vaccinated dogs, titer ≥ 1:800 in nonvaccinated dogs, or ≥ 4-fold increase in convalescent titer), a complete medical record (including leptospirosis vaccination date, reason for initial evaluation, and CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis results), and clinical signs or laboratory findings consistent with leptospirosis.

Results—Initial clinical signs, temporal distribution, and signalment were similar to previous reports. Convalescent MAT titers were necessary for diagnosis in 45% of cases. Atypical abnormalities included radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease in 10 of 23 dogs and hepatic involvement alone in 7 of 51 dogs. Other abnormalities included proteinuria in 34 of 51 dogs, thrombocytopenia in 26 of 51, coagulopathy in 7 of 24 dogs, hypoalbuminemia in 14 of 51 dogs, and glucosuria in 9 of 51 dogs. Significant associations were found between antibodies against serogroup Grippotyphosa and renal involvement and serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae and hepatic involvement.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased awareness of atypical abnormalities may decrease misdiagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs. Results of concurrent infectious disease testing should be interpreted with caution; misdiagnosis of leptospirosis could pose a public health risk. Convalescent titers were necessary to identify infection when acute testing results were negative. Further research is needed to determine the true associations between antibodies against identified serogroups and clinical features.
Revalidation and redescription of Potamon elbursi Pretzmann, 1976 (Brachyura, Potamidae) from Iran, based on morphology and genetics
Authors: Keikhosravi Alireza , Schubart Christoph
Published: October 2013

In the current study, we redescribe and revalidate a freshwater crab species of the genus Potamon Savigny, 1816, from northern Iran. Potamon elbursi Pretzmann, 1962, differs from the species it has been synonymised with, Potamon persicum Pretzmann, 1962, mainly by the shape of the first gonopods in males. Consistent and marked genetic divergence was also recognised in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes. This study elevates P. elbursi to species rank and therefore increases the number of valid species of the genus Potamon to a total of twenty-two.
Archival Collaborations: Using Theatre Archives to Teach Canadian Theatre History and Archival Literacy
Authors: Barker Roberta , Barrett Creighton , Lahey Doyle
Published: October 2013

How can theatre archives be effectively utilized to teach about theatre? What opportunities do they pose for teaching in other disciplines? What considerations must archives staff make when providing access to theatre archives? This article aims to address such questions by providing an overview of an ongoing collaboration at Dalhousie University. For the past several years, the Dalhousie University Archives has collaborated with Dr. Roberta Barker of the Dalhousie Theatre Department on a course project in which students research production records from the Neptune Theatre fonds. This article outlines the pedagogical goals of the assignment and touches upon the challenges associated with using theatre archives to facilitate undergraduate learning and teaching. It also looks at another recent course project that used Neptune Theatre’s archives to teach core archival concepts to graduate students in the Dalhousie School of Information Management. In the process, it considers how the unique characteristics of theatre archives can enable multidisciplinary collaborations between archivists and university faculty.
Occupational Physical Loading Tasks and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Ezzat Allison M. , Li Linda C.
Published: October 2013

Purpose: To perform a systematic review with best evidence synthesis examining the literature on the relationship between occupational loading tasks and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Two databases were searched to identify articles published between 1946 and April, 2011. Eligible studies were those that (1) included adults reporting on their employment history; (2) measured individuals' exposure to work-related activities with heavy loading in the knee joint; and (3) identified presence of knee OA (determined by X-ray), cartilage defects associated with knee OA (identified by magnetic resonance imaging), or joint replacement surgery. Results: A total of 32 articles from 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found moderate evidence that combined heavy lifting and kneeling is a risk factor for knee OA, with odds ratios (OR) varying from 1.8 to 7.9, and limited evidence for heavy lifting (OR=1.4–7.3), kneeling (OR=1.5–6.9), stair climbing (OR=1.6–5.1), and occupational groups (OR=1.4–4.7) as risk factors. When examined by sex, moderate level evidence of knee OA was found in men; however, the evidence in women was limited. Conclusions: Further high-quality prospective studies are warranted to provide further evidence on the role of occupational loading tasks in knee OA, particularly in women.
Muslim Pilgrims at the Orthodox Christian Monastery in Hadzhidimovo
Authors: Lubanska Magdalena
Published: October 2013

This essay questions the thesis of the supposed syncretic nature of the religion of Bulgarian-speaking Muslims, an idea still espoused in Bulgarian ethnography and popular among the Rhodope Christian population. It examines the Muslim motivations for attending Christian holy places in the Rhodopes, particularly the Monastery of St George in Hadzhidimovo, to gather evidence from the actual participants. It shows that the local Muslims and Christians offer incompatible interpretations of the Muslim practice. Furthermore, it takes into account Muslim and Christian testimonies on how Muslims behave in the monastery of St George, and how their gestures are interpreted by both groups. Although the Muslim narratives betray a rather anti-syncretic attitude to Christianity, the Christians sometimes tend to see them as actual crypto-Christians. In my conclusions I stake out a position in the recent polemic between Glenn Bowman and Robert Hayden concerning the specificity of interactions between dissenters at sacred shrines.
Internationalisation of Canadian higher education: Troubling the notion of autonomy through an examination of policy actors, knowledge and spaces
Authors: Viczko Melody
Published: October 2013

Internationalisation of higher education has been overwhelmingly embraced by Canadian universities (Beck 2009). Yet, the decentralised nature of higher education institutions, coupled with the absence of a national governing body with responsibility for higher education, creates an interesting terrain for internationalisation. In this paper, I examine the ideas related to internationalisation pursued by one Canadian organisation, the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC). Responding to concerns from Canadian institutions and government ministries about their potential exclusion from global markets, the AUCC took a national lead to better acquaint Canadian institutions with the Bologna reforms, declaring an urgent need to respond to the reforms taking place in Europe (AUCC 2008a). I analyse the policy knowledge, spaces and actors involved with internationalisation through the AUCC's interaction with the Bologna Process, to argue that a deeper entangling of universities in the ideational market-based competition embedded in neoliberal reforms has created tensions in how autonomy can be conceived in Canadian higher education.
Frontolateral pins for halo ring placement: reassessment of a common neurosurgical procedure with CT measurements of skull thickness
Authors: Stone James L. , Gulabani Aditi , Gorelick Gleb , Vannemreddy Siddharth N. K. , Vannemreddy Prasad S. S. V.
Published: October 2013

Object

Halo orthosis placement is a common neurosurgical procedure for the treatment of cervical spine injuries. Frontal sinus puncture by the anterior pins may occur using standard techniques, and up to 30% are dissatisfied with forehead scarring, especially women and African Americans.

Methods

The authors describe a frontolateral (FL) anterior pin site placement supported by high-resolution CT scan skull thickness measurements. The standard supraorbital (SO) pin site is several centimeters above the lateral orbit, whereas the FL pin site is 2–3 cm posterolateral to the SO site. Frontolateral placement is just anterior to the temporalis muscle close to a triangular anterior projection of the temporal hairline. For quantitative information on skull thickness at the SO and FT pin sites, thin 0.625-mm CT scan measurements of the outer table, diploic space, and inner table were obtained in 40 adults (80 sites).

Results

The mean values for total skull thickness at the SO and FT sites were not significantly different. The inner table was significantly thicker at the FL site in both males and females, buttressed by the nearby greater sphenoid wing. The mean total skull thickness was significantly less in females than in males, but the values were not significantly different at the SO and FL sites.

Conclusions

The FL and SO anterior pin sites are comparable with respect to skull thickness CT measurements, with a significantly thicker inner table at the FL site. In the senior author's experience, the FL anterior pin site yielded secure fixation without skull perforation, neurovascular injury, or propensity to infection. The cosmetic result of the FL site is more acceptable, and the authors recommend its general usage be adopted.
Practicality of Biochar Additions to Enhance Soil and Crop Productivity
Authors: Filiberto David , Gaunt John
Published: October 2013

The benefits of biochar to soils for agricultural purposes are numerous. Biochar may be added to soils with the intention to improve the soil, displace an amount of conventional fossil fuel based fertilizers, and sequester carbon. However, the variable application rates, uncertain feedstock effects, and initial soil state provide a wide range of cost for marginally improved yield from biochar additions, which is often economically impracticable. The need for further clarity on optimizing biochar application to various crop yields is necessary if it is to gain widespread acceptance as a soil amendment.
Communication between B-Cells and Microbiota for the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis
Authors: Liu Yuying , Rhoads Jon
Published: October 2013

The human intestine is populated with an extremely dense and diverse bacterial community. Commensal bacteria act as an important antigenic stimulus producing the maturation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The production of immunoglobulin (Ig) A by B-cells in the GALT is one of the immune responses following intestinal colonization of bacteria. The switch of B-cells from IgM to IgA-producing cells in the Peyer’s patches and neighboring lamina propria proceeds by T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent mechanisms. Several grams of secretory IgA (SIgA) are released into the intestine each day. SIgA serves as a first-line of defense in protecting the intestinal epithelium from enteric toxins and pathogenic microorganisms. SIgA has a capacity to directly quench bacterial virulence factors, influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and promote the transportation of antigens across the intestinal epithelium to GALT and down-regulate proinflammatory responses associated with the uptake of highly pathogenic bacteria and potentially allergenic antigens. This review summarizes the reciprocal interactions between intestinal B cells and bacteria, specifically, the formation of IgA in the gut, the role of intestinal IgA in the regulation of bacterial communities and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and the effects of probiotics on IgA levels in the gastrointestinal tract.
Searching for Next Single-Phase High-Entropy Alloy Compositions
Authors: Gao Michael , Alman David
Published: October 2013

There has been considerable technological interest in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) since the initial publications on the topic appeared in 2004. However, only several of the alloys investigated are truly single-phase solid solution compositions. These include the FCC alloys CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi based on 3d transition metals elements and BCC alloys NbMoTaW, NbMoTaVW, and HfNbTaTiZr based on refractory metals. The search for new single-phase HEAs compositions has been hindered by a lack of an effective scientific strategy for alloy design. This report shows that the chemical interactions and atomic diffusivities predicted from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations which are closely related to primary crystallization during solidification can be used to assist in identifying single phase high-entropy solid solution compositions. Further, combining these simulations with phase diagram calculations via the CALPHAD method and inspection of existing phase diagrams is an effective strategy to accelerate the discovery of new single-phase HEAs. This methodology was used to predict new single-phase HEA compositions. These are FCC alloys comprised of CoFeMnNi, CuNiPdPt and CuNiPdPtRh, and HCP alloys of CoOsReRu.
Lentivirus-Mediated ERK2 siRNA Reduces Joint Capsule Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Joint Contracture
Authors: Li Fengfeng , Liu Shen , Fan Cunyi
Published: October 2013

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-2 is presumed to play an important role in the development of post-traumatic joint contractures. Using a rat injury model, we investigated whether treatment with ERK2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) could reduce the extent of joint capsule fibrosis after an induced injury. Rats were separated into three groups (n = 32 each): non-operated control group, operated contracture group and contracture-treatment group. Stable post-traumatic joint contracture was created through surgical intra-articular joint injury followed by eight weeks of immobilization. In the contracture-treatment group, the rats were treated with lentivirus (LV)-mediated ERK2 siRNA at days 3 and 7 post-surgery. The posterior joint capsule was assessed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis for changes in ERK2, phosphorylated (p)-ERK2, myofibroblast, total collagen and relative collagen Type III expression level. Biomechanical testing was used to assess the development of flexion contractures. Statistical analysis was performed using an analysis of variance. In the operated contracture group, rats that developed flexion contractures also showed elevated phosphorylated p-ERK2 expression. In the contracture-treatment group, ERK2 siRNA significantly reduced p-ERK2 expression levels, as well as the severity of flexion contracture development (p < 0.01). Myofibroblast numbers and measurements of total collagen content were also significantly reduced following ERK2 siRNA (p < 0.01). Relative collagen type III expression as a proportion of total of Types I and III collagen, however, was significantly increased in response to ERK2 siRNA (p < 0.01). Our findings demonstrate a role for ERK2 in the induction of joint capsule fibrosis after injury. Furthermore, we show that development of flexion contractures and the resultant increase of joint capsule fibrosis can be reduced by LV-mediated ERK2 siRNA treatment.
Development of Screen-Printed Texture-Barrier Paste for Single-Side Texturization of Interdigitated Back-Contact Silicon Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Chiu Yu-Shun , Cheng Chin-Lung , Whang Thou-Jen , Chen Chi-Cheng
Published: October 2013

Continuous cost reduction of silicon-based solar cells is needed to lower the process time and increase efficiency. To achieve lower costs, screen-printed texture-barrier (SPTB) paste was first developed for single-side texturization (ST) of the interdigitated back-contact (IBC) for silicon-based solar cell applications. The SPTB paste was screen-printed on silicon substrates. The SPTB paste was synthesized from intermixed silicate glass (75 wt %), a resin binder (ethyl cellulose ethoce: 20 wt %), and a dispersing agent (fatty acid: 5 wt %). The silicate glass is a necessity for contact formation during firing. A resin binder and a dispersing agent determine the rheology of the SPTB paste. In this work, by modulating various parameters, including post SPTB firing, alkali texturing, and removal of the SPTB, the ST of IBC silicon solar cells was achieved. Since the advantages of the SPTB paste include low toxicity and prompt formation of the texture-barrier, SPTB is potentially suited for simple fabrication at low-cost for solar cell applications. The cost of the SPTB is around $100/kg which is lower than the SiH4/NH3 gas ambient used in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Thus, the expensive Si3N4 film deposited by PECVD using SiH4 and NH3 gas ambient for silicon solar cells can be replaced by this SPTB.
The Current Status of Hydrogen Storage Alloy Development for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Young Kwo-hsiung , Nei Jean
Published: October 2013

In this review article, the fundamentals of electrochemical reactions involving metal hydrides are explained, followed by a report of recent progress in hydrogen storage alloys for electrochemical applications. The status of various alloy systems, including AB5, AB2, A2B7-type, Ti-Ni-based, Mg-Ni-based, BCC, and Zr-Ni-based metal hydride alloys, for their most important electrochemical application, the nickel metal hydride battery, is summarized. Other electrochemical applications, such as Ni-hydrogen, fuel cell, Li-ion battery, air-metal hydride, and hybrid battery systems, also have been mentioned.
SOCS3-Mediated Blockade Reveals Major Contribution of JAK2/STAT5 Signaling Pathway to Lactation and Proliferation of Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vitro
Authors: Huang Yu-Ling , Zhao Feng , Luo Chao-Chao , Zhang Xia , Si Yu , Sun Zhe , Zhang Li , Li Qing-Zhang , Gao Xue-Jun
Published: October 2013

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a cytokine-induced negative feedback-loop regulator of cytokine signaling. More and more evidence has proved it to be an inhibitor of signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5). Here, we used dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) to analyze the function of SOCS3 and the interaction between SOCS3 and STAT5a. The expression of SOCS3 was found in cytoplasm and nucleus of DCMECs by fluorescent immunostaining. Overexpression and inhibition of SOCS3 brought a remarkable milk protein synthesis change through the regulation of JAK2/STAT5a pathway activity, and SOCS3 expression also decreased SREBP-1c expression and fatty acid synthesis. Inhibited STAT5a activation correlated with reduced SOCS3 expression, which indicated that SOCS3 gene might be one of the targets of STAT5a activation, DCMECs treated with L-methionine (Met) resulted in a decrease of SOCS3 expression. SOCS3 could also decrease cell proliferation and viability by CASY-TT detection. Together, our findings indicate that SOCS3 acts as an inhibitor of JAK2/STAT5a pathway and disturbs fatty acid synthesis by decreasing SREBP-1c expression, which validates its involvement in both milk protein synthesis and fat synthesis. In aggregate, these results reveal that low SOCS3 expression is required for milk synthesis and proliferation of DCMECs in vitro.
Communication and the Narrative Basis of Sustainability: Observations from the Municipal Water Sector
Authors: Herrick Charles , Pratt Joanna
Published: October 2013

Numerous studies attempt to operationalize sustainability and seek to characterize objective, or at least standardized, metrics of sustainable conditions and/or operations. In this paper, we suggest that sustainability is better viewed as an emergent quality, defined in terms of specific institutions and situations. Observations from the water sector suggest that sustainability is not merely a matter of “bolting on technologies”, but a complex synthesis of institutional factors, social value perspectives, technologies and engineered artifacts, and natural or environmental conditions. The pursuit of sustainability appears to involve a process of broad-scale organizational transformation, a transformation that can vary significantly from utility to utility. Owing to this contingent quality, we suggest that sustainability is productively understood as a narrative construct. We illustrate how two types of discourse are particularly critical to the establishment and perpetuation of meaningful sustainability programs in water utilities and municipalities: (1) constitutive discourse, which frames and enables new ways of conceiving a particular state of affairs; and (2) transactional discourse, which provides a medium for participatory deliberation and enables the sharing of instructions and information necessary to carry out a transformation from the status quo to an envisioned future state. Although physio-chemical properties, ecological processes and thresholds, and technological factors must inform deliberations, we suggest that the realization of sustainability is at base a narrative enterprise. Observations articulated in this essay were derived through an ensemble research approach including a targeted literature review, a three-phase survey of 18 U.S. water utilities, and a workshop with water sector professionals, regulators, and experts in sustainability and organizational change.
La Vie d'Ésope : une biographie comique
Authors: Jouanno Corinne
Published: October 2013

Si la Vie d'Ésope est une biographie comique, c'est d'abord parce qu'elle traite majoritairement des années d'esclavage du fabuliste, et que son héros possède avec les esclaves de comédie nombre de caractéristiques communes, dont la plus apparente est la laideur physique. L'univers même dans lequel Ésope évolue, par la place qu'y occupent scatologie, érotisme et misogynie, est un univers comique où le principe d'autorité se trouve régulièrement bafoué et subverti, selon la thématique carnavalesque du monde à l'envers. Apparenté à la comédie, l'œuvre possède aussi d'indéniables affinités avec les recueils d'histoires drôles, notamment le Philogelos, avec lequel elle est d'ailleurs parfois associée dans les manuscrits.
Tirer son épingle du jeu dans un monde mouvant et concurrentiel
Authors: Gattaz Pierre
Published: October 2013

Pierre Gattaz parle de son combat pour développer son entreprise et la maintenir en France, de son amour de l’industrie et de son pays. Et de sa volonté de lutter contre le désamour souvent injustifié envers les chefs d’entreprise en France.