bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Carbon Stocks for Climate Change Mitigation in Karlahi Forest Reserve of Fufore Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Jerry Samuel Hyellamada , Peter Yohanna , David Nakama
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to quantify the carbon sequestration potential of the Karlahi Forest Reserve, which forms a vital ecosystem in Adamawa State, Nigeria, by assessing its carbon stocks. Non-destructive methods were employed to estimate aboveground and belowground biomass of 678 trees representing 20 different species. The total carbon stock within the reserve was determined to be approximately 456,372.14 kg. Key species contributing significantly to the carbon pool included Adansonia digitata and Parkia biglobosa. A carbon density of 11,583.05 kg per square kilometer was calculated, highlighting the forest’s substantial role in mitigating climate change. These findings underscore the need for effective conservation and management strategies to preserve the Karlahi Forest Reserve as a crucial carbon sink and to maintain its invaluable ecosystem services.
Can Counting Words make Sense? A Simple Application of Visual Tools for Basic Machine Learning in Linguistics
Authors: Rahn Marc-Daniel
Published: September 2024

The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is rapidly advancing with the development of tools for automatic text and language processing. The introduction of Chat GPT and other similar tools has sparked discussions about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in society and academia. These tools are typically based on machine learning (ML), which allows computer programs to learn from data and generate models to make decisions. While ML models can be trained on language data to predict answers to research questions, they are not always easily accessible or optimized for linguists. This paper proposes using simple graphical tools for machine learning to help linguists formulate research questions and hypotheses, thus allowing them to assess the potential for fruitful investigations with specific data sets. By providing a user-friendly interface, these tools aim to overcome the barriers that deter linguists from utilising machine learning techniques. To illustrate the application of such a tool for preliminary studies, three experiments are described in this paper, all of which represent real questions of interest from within the field of Caucasiology. In the appendix, a step-by-step guide to recreate the process is given.
Contemporary Georgian Political Speech from a Gender and Party Perspectives
Authors: Tsetskhladze Tatia , Kamarauli Anastasia
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates contemporary Georgian political speeches through the lens of gender and party affiliation, analysing linguistic strategies and rhetorical styles used by different political actors. Despite a long-standing interest in political language in Georgia, systematic politolinguistic research remains underdeveloped, particularly in applying digital methods. The study highlights various aspects that are relevant for the analysis of political speeches and presents corresponding tools.Using quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including sentiment analysis and argument analysis, the study identifies notable differences in speech patterns. Female politicians like Salome Zurabishvili and Tako Charkviani, utilise more accessible language, more frequently employ personal pronouns, and focus on emotional appeals. In contrast, male politicians like Irakli Kobakhidze and Nika Melia exhibit more argumentative structures and a focus on factual statements, reflecting analytical and policy-oriented communication styles. The study’s findings highlight the importance of considering gender and party affiliation in analysing political language, offering insights into the interplay between linguistic choices and political strategies in Georgia’s evolving democratic landscape.
ერთი ციხესიმაგრის ისტორიისათვის სამეგრელოში (ჭაქვინჯის ციხე)
Authors: შენგელია იოსებ
Published: September 2024

Chakvinji Castle, located in the village of Jikhashkari, Zugdidi province, is an outstanding historical monument of Samegrelo. In addition to historical documents, it is mentioned in the inscription of the icon of St Nicholas made in 1640 by order of Levan II Dadiani. Chakvinji Castle is also found in the notices of foreign travellers,for instance in the travel materials of Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1771–1772). In the 1820s, Eduard Eichwald also provides us with some information about the castle. The history of Chakvinji Castle dates back to the distant past, and it served as a defense facility for many centuries. In the feudal age, it was the centre of Odishi province; the palace and residence of the House of Dadiani was located there, and Davit Dadiani, the last Prince of Samegrelo, was born there on 26 January, 1813. Archeological investigations of Chakvinji Castle and the fixing of its architectural structures began in 1968–1969. The archaeological finds were quite diverse and dividable into three periods: the material of the first period is from the early feudal period, the second, from the middle feudal period, and the third, from the late feudal period. This article presents a new analysis of the existing historical, archaeological, architectural and linguistic materials concerning Chakvinji Castle. It describes the present condition of Chakvinji Castle, which is very deplorable and in urgent need of conservation and restoration.
Pertanggungjawaban Debitor Terhadap Kreditor Konkuren Setelah Homologasi Perjanjian Perdamaian Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU)
Authors: Dian Pribadi Sihotang
Published: September 2024

A peace agreement that has been homologated is binding on all creditors who agree to the peace plan in accordance with Article 286 of Law Number 37 of 2004. The debtor is obliged to prove that the peace agreement has been fulfilled by the creditors as per the peace agreement that has been agreed. This research is aimed at analyzing legal certainty regarding the rights of concurrent creditors after homologation has been carried out, the debtor's responsibility if the debtor does not fulfill his promise according to the peace agreement that has been homologated and analyzing the application of the law by the panel of judges in Decision Number 11/Pdt.Sus-PKPU /2017/PN Niaga Medan regarding the responsibility of debtors to concurrent creditors in the implementation of the homologated PKPU peace agreement. This research is normative legal research that is qualitative in nature. Data comes from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials collected using library research and document study techniques. Primary data as supporting data for normative analysis was collected using the interview method with judges and curators who were determined purposively. Data analysis was carried out using the qualitative normative data analysis method.Based on the research results, it is concluded that legal certainty regarding the rights of concurrent creditors occurs after the homologation of peace agreements which are binding and obtain permanent legal force. If the debtor is negligent and the settlement is canceled, the debtor will lose independence or the debtor will no longer have any interest in controlling or managing his assets. In this regard, the application of the law by the panel of judges in the homologation Decision Number 11/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2017/PN Niaga Medan was correct with the consideration that the debtor was declared negligent in fulfilling his obligations and canceled the decision to ratify the peace by declaring the debtor to be in bankruptcy with all legal consequences
Money Politics VS Cost Politics: Memilih Makna Yang Terlihat Sama
Authors: Nova Nazwa Ramadhanti  , Sahrul Sodikin  , Siti Abelia Puteri  , Noerma Kurnia Fajarwati
Published: September 2024

This article explores the comparison between money politics and cost politics in the context of the political process and its influence on democratic integrity. Money politics reflects corrupt practices in which wealth is used to manipulate election outcomes or political decisions, while cost politics includes costs related to campaigns, regulations, and citizen participation in the political process. In distinguishing these two concepts, this article highlights their role in shaping the strengths and weaknesses of democracy and the challenges in strengthening political integrity. By analyzing case studies and theoretical concepts, this article aims to present a clearer understanding of the differences between money politics and cost politics, as well as promote efforts to address corruption and increase transparency in the political process.
Analisis Actio Pauliana Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditor Kepailitan
Authors: Aji Suryanata  , Yudho Taruno Muryanto
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine whether actio pauliana is an appropriate legal remedy in providing legal protection for creditors in bankruptcy cases. It also aims to determine the basis of the judge's considerations in Verdict No. 06/Pdt.Sus.Gugatan Lain-lain-AP/2020/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. Jo. No. 27/Pdt-Sus-PKPU/2015/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. This research is a normative legal research with statutory and case approach. The type of data used is secondary data. The technique used in collecting legal materials in this research is literature study. This research uses syllogism analysis technique and deductive thinking pattern, using major premises and minor premises which then these premises can produce conclusions. Based on this research, it is found that actio pauliana is an appropriate legal remedy in providing legal protection for creditors who are harmed by debtors in bankruptcy cases because there is internal legal protection and external legal protection in accordance with Isnaeni's legal protection theory used as an analysis. The basis of the judge's consideration used as the curator's right to file an actio pauliana lawsuit is Article 47 paragraph (1) and Explanation of Article 3 paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy Law, then in deciding the case used as the analysis material, the judge uses Article 41 and Article 42 of the Bankruptcy Law.
Sanksi Pidana Untuk Korporasi dan Pemegang Saham Korporasi Atas Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Suryani Alawiyah  , Irwan Triadi
Published: September 2024

The seriousness of the Indonesian government in paying attention to the environment is manifested in the existence of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Management by regulating criminal liability for corporate legal subjects subject to criminal penalties. This is because many environmental crimes are committed by corporations and may also be carried out by corporate shareholders as policy controllers of a corporation. Against the background of environmental criminal acts which are often committed by corporations and even shareholders are also involved in these criminal acts, this article aims to provide an illustration that shareholders can also be given criminal sanctions. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a literature study approach. The results of this research explain that corporations that commit environmental crimes are clearly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 so that criminal sanctions can be given to provide deterrence to corporate perpetrators, but for corporate shareholders involved it is not yet explicitly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009. 2009 because they have not adopted the Piercing the corporate veil doctrine and the alter ego doctrine as in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in article 3 paragraph (2) which eliminates the immunity rights of shareholders so that they can be punished.
Penerapan Ketertiban Umum Di Kota Gorontalo Menurut Peraturan Daerah No. 1 Tahun 2018 Tentang Ketertiban Umum
Authors: Haikal Pontoh
Published: September 2024

Problem/Background: Public order and community peace is a description of a situation where people can carry out their daily activities in a calm, orderly and controlled manner, thus supporting the achievement of sustainable development in an area. There are many problems related to public order and peace, one of which occurs in Gorontalo City itself. In Gorontalo, there have been various violations of public order and order, such as violations of loose animals, violations of residence permits, street vendors, distribution of alcoholic drinks, violations of population management, vagrancy, beggars and street children, as well as perverted couples. boarding house. And the most frequent cases in Gorontalo City are violations related to the distribution of alcoholic drinks and exploitation of couples in boarding houses. Objective: The aim of this research is to find out how effective Satpol PP is in ensuring public peace and order i\\n Gorontalo City. Method: The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, where an overview of facts and information in the field is obtained through data collection techniques, namely. observation, interviews and documentation. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Results/Findings: The results of this research indicate that maintaining public order and tranquility at the Gorontalo Satpol PP has not been effective. There are many influencing factors, such as the many inhibiting factors found during research.
Perlindungan Konsumen Pada Cryptocurrency di Era Digital
Authors: Az Zahra Nashira Ryan  , Aris Prio Agus Santoso  , Giovania Madeira Do Carmo  , Jonathan James Kurniawan  , Zakkiya Muflih Gusma Putra
Published: September 2024

The use of cryptocurrency assets in Indonesia is still prohibited as a means of payment but as an investment instrument it can be included as a commodity that can be traded on a term exchange as regulated in the regulation of Law No. 10 of 2011 concerning amendments to Law No. 32 of 1997. The positive impact of cryptocurrencies in consumer protection such as cryptocurrency financial access can provide access to the traditional banking system, thereby increasing financial inclusion. There are also negative impacts to consider in consumer protection: security risks associated with theft or hacking of cryptocurrency exchange platforms and digital wallets can threaten the security of consumer funds. This study aims to analyze about consumer protection of cryptocurrencies in the digital age. This research uses normative research methods and uses qualitative data types. The results of this study show that consumer protection in cryptocurrency in the digital era, among others, preventively, in cryptocurrency trading transactions as assets is also strengthened by the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 9 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 5 of 2019 concerning Textile Arrangements for the Implementation of the Physical Market of Cryptocurrency Assets on Futures Exchanges. Meanwhile, if repressively to protect what is given after a dispute arises in the form of sanctions, fines, imprisonment, and penalties imposed a dispute occurs, regulated in Article 22 of PerBappeti Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Market of Cryptocurrency Assets on the Futures Exchange, that dispute resolution is carried out by deliberation to reach consensus if it does not reach consensus the parties can resolve through the Futures Trading Arbitration Agency Commodity (BAKTI) and the State Court as stated in the agreement between the parties. Bank Indonesia reaffirms the ban on the use of virtual currencies in cryptocurrency, both in the form of selling, buying, and trading with these currencies.
Perlindungan Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal terhadap Obat Tradisional Jamu sebagai Pengetahuan Tradisional
Authors: Nurul Fitriani  , Adi Sulistiyono
Published: September 2024

The knowledge of medicine and treatment, also known as Jamu, is one of the most important areas of Traditional Knowledge. It is widespread among indigenous peoples and local communities, and is an integral part of the communal rights held by indigenous peoples. Almost all indigenous peoples have developed knowledge about plants for various purposes, especially for medicine. The use of biodiversity as an ingredient in medicinal herbs has been a common practice in Indonesia for centuries. The question that arises is whether the knowledge of Jamu has received adequate protection from the government againts the rights of indigenous peoples related to Traditional Knowledge. This is the focus of the author attention in this discussion. This research discusses the regulation of communal intellectual property in the legal framework used to protect the knowledge of traditional herbal medicine, and how the effectiveness of legal protection of communal intellectual property on traditional herbal medicine knowledge. The purposes of this study is to determine the legal protection of traditional knowledge and analyze the positive legal regulations. This research method used by researchers is the normative juridical approach method. The results of the research conducted by the author in this thesis can be concluded that Traditional Protection on Jamu needs to be protected in accordance with the concept of protection of Philipus M. Hadjon, namely by means of preventive protection and repressive protection.
Analisis Flash Sale Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat
Authors: Oky Tiara Putri  , Arief Suryono
Published: September 2024

Today's electronic transactions are facilitated by the many Marketplaces and Online Shops that sellers and buyers can visit. Various platforms implement Flash Sales at certain moments as a form of promotion. In this case, forms of Predatory Pricing are found which include Unfair Business Competition in Predatory Pricing. The following research aims to examine and explain the Flash Sale method in Online Shops and its indications of unhealthy business competition. The following research was carried out using descriptive qualitative methods using a normative juridical approach by analyzing phenomena that exist in real conditions with statutory regulations simultaneously. Based on the analysis results, it is known that not all Flash Sale Programs provide prices far below production. However, the implementation of flash sales which drastically reduce prices is a clear indication of unhealthy business competition. Considering the drop in prices posted on the Flash Sale can reach 80% of the original market price. Based on the results of analysis using the Price-Cost Test, massive discounts by E-Commerce are a form of Predatory Pricing.
Perlindungan Hukum Obat-Obatan Tradisional dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan dan Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual di Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Susi
Published: September 2024

Developments in the realm of health law develop in line with advances in health science. Currently, health law has become a very important element in dealing with various legal problems and issues in the health sector. On the other hand, with the development of increasingly sophisticated technology, the issue of traditional medicine has received less attention. However, in the context of efforts to fulfill the right to health in Indonesia, traditional medicine should be an alternative that is important to pay attention to. This is supported by Indonesia's natural conditions which have rich biodiversity, including various plant species that have the potential to be used as raw materials for traditional medicine. Thus, legal protection of traditional medicines from the perspective of health law and intellectual property law becomes very important. The research method used in this research is a normative research method which is conceptualized in legislation or conceptualized as norms or rules that serve as the basis for human behavior. The aim of this research is to analyze the legal protection of traditional medicines from the perspective of health law and intellectual property law in Indonesia. The results of this research concluded that related to traditional medicine, Law no. 17 of 2023 does not explicitly mention it as a traditional medicine. However, the definition of traditional medicine is equated with the term "Natural Medicine." In Article 321 paragraph (1), natural medicines are divided into several categories, including herbal medicines, standardized herbal medicines, phytopharmaca, and other natural medicines. Legal protection for traditional medicines or natural medicines is regulated in Articles 324-325 of Law no. 17 of 2023 concerning Health. On the other hand, in the context of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), legal protection for traditional medicines is included in the patent system, as regulated in Article 26 of Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents.
Ketentuan Hukum Pidana dalam Upaya Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Illegal Logging di Indonesia
Authors: Ricky Sitanggang  , I Dewa Gede Dana Sugama
Published: September 2024

The development of modern society in the process of globalization and industrialization has had a huge impact on forest sustainability as a support for life and in the world's biological life. The existence of forests is of course very much needed considering that forests are not only a source of wood production but are also an integral part of the environment, forests are open areas that make people's access to use them very large which causes logging and timber theft. In order for this to happen more often, this problem must be addressed immediately for the sake of the preservation of forest ecosystems in Indonesia. This journal writing uses normative research methods, normative methods are used with a statutory approach and use reference materials from book sources or other scientific research. As for the results of this study, the regulation of illegal logging is contained in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry in Article 50 which regulates prohibitions for anyone who carries out activities in the form of logging, Article 50 also discusses the prohibition of carrying out forest destruction activities. and confiscation of forest resources in violation of laws and regulations or without permission from interested parties, namely forestry officials.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Residivis Tindak Pidana Pencurian
Authors: Moh. Elson I.M.Tandesa  , Moh. Rusdiyanto U. Puluhulawa  , Apripari Apripari
Published: September 2024

This research aims to find out how law enforcement is carried out against perpetrators of recidivist criminal acts of theft. The research method used is juridical-normative which is analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that recidivism is the repetition of a criminal act by the same perpetrator, where the criminal act committed previously has been sentenced to a criminal sentence and has permanent legal force, and the repetition occurs within a certain period of time. When imposing a sentence, the judge does not mention the amount of additional prison sentence of 1/3 (one third) of the main criminal threat (the presence of a criminal aggravation due to recidivism reasons), because the judge will basically immediately impose a long sentence on the defendant. Crime prevention is a variety of proactive and reactive activities directed at perpetrators and victims, and in the social and physical environment, carried out before and after a crime occurs. There are two ways of dealing with recidivist crimes, namely, preventive and repressive.
Tinjauan Yuridis Restorative Justice pada Kasus Korupsi SPPD Fiktif KKR Aceh Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Richie Sanjaya Putra
Published: September 2024

This research discusses the release of criminal sanctions in the SPPD KKR Aceh corruption case on the grounds that there is restorative justice at the police level because state losses have been returned. The resolution of corruption cases should refer to Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. This law has the principle of retributive justice and does not recognize restorative justice so that imposing criminal sanctions is the main option. 58 Actors who have authority because of their position have been proven to have committed corruption which is detrimental to state finances. On this basis, the 58 perpetrators should be given appropriate sanctions in Article 3 of Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. This research uses a Juridical-Normative research method which is carried out by means of a literature study of available legal materials. This research method will be used to analyze sanctions against the 58 perpetrators of corruption in accordance with applicable positive law.
Implementasi Nilai Kebangsaan Untuk Meningkatkan Cybersecurity: Berbasis UUD 1945: Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Valve Corporation Pada Aplikasi Steam
Authors: Matthew Greenly Tamima  , Edy Soesanto  , Muhammad Moreno Alkhafidz
Published: September 2024

In today's digital age, cybersecurity resilience is an urgent need. Organizations around the world face increasingly complex and rapidly changing threats. Given these challenges, it can damage national values. Risk-based security management has emerged as an effective way to improve cybersecurity resilience. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the implementation of risk-based security controls can improve cybersecurity resilience in the Company's environment based on the perspective of the 1945 Constitution.This study employs content analysis method to investigate policies, security practices, and incidents that occur at Valve Corporation in the context of cyber security. The research findings indicate that Valve Corporation has adopted various security strategies and technologies to protect their data and infrastructure from cyberattacks. However, there are still challenges such as evolving security threats and the complexity of global networks that require continuous updates in their security strategies.From the perspective of the 1945 Constitution, cyber security at Valve Corporation is also related to the protection of individual rights, information openness, and national technological independence. Therefore, companies need to consider national values in designing their security policies to ensure effective data protection while complying with relevant regulations.This research makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of the importance of risk-based security management in improving cyber security resilience, as well as providing practical guidance for organizations looking to improve their security strategies based on nationality values in the face of evolving threats in the digital world.
Tinjauan Pemanfaatan Hutan Pinus di Kabupaten Gayo Lues Berdasarkan UU No.41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan
Authors: Citra Perdana Kesuma
Published: September 2024

Article 33, Paraghraph 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia clearly states that the lard, water and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the state and utilized for the greatest property of the people. Forest, as a gift from God Almighty are a blessing bestowed upom the Indonesia Nation. These forest are involable natural resources that must be apraciated and manage responsibly. Forest managament is viewed as direct manded that requirest the forest to be utilized while considering the local wisdom of the communities, reflecting gratitude to God Almighty. The utilization of forests as capital of national development provides tangible benefit for the lives and livelihoodes of the indonesion people, including ecological, socio-cultural, and economic benefit in a balance and dynamic manner. Forest must be administered, managed, protected,and sustainbly, utilized for the welfare of the Indonesian people bot current and future generation. Aceh is a spesial region with spesific regulation trough the Aceh Government Law, allowing it to implement unique policies within its teritori, including those releted to forestry. In Gayo Lues, region with substantial forested areas, pine tree taping activities are conducted by both companies with government permits and local communities based on their land ownership claims as recognized by local knowledge.
Perlindungan Hukum Atas Adanya Kebakaran Hutan Di Luar Izin Usaha Perkbunan Perusahaan
Authors: Emaeve Nur Berliantari  , Irwan Triadi
Published: September 2024

Forest and land fires are natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia, especially during the dry season. These fires cause enormous environmental damage, economic losses, and social problems. In fact, large forest and land fires result in devastating smoke impacts beyond state administrative boundaries (transnational disasters).  The type of research that the author will use in this research is normative juridical. The use of this type of normative juridical research is because the object of study is related to legal principles and principles as well as theories and opinions of legal experts. It can be said that normative juridical research is literature research.  In general, forest fires that occur in Indonesia are caused by three main factors, namely fuel conditions, weather and social and cultural conditions of the community. Fuel conditions that are prone to fire hazards are their abundance on the forest floor, relatively low water content (dry), and continuous fuel availability. Climatic factors in the form of temperature, humidity, wind and rainfall also determine fire susceptibility. High temperatures due to direct sunlight cause fuel to dry out and become flammable, high humidity (in forests with dense vegetation) reduces the chance of forest fires occurring, wind also influences the fuel drying process and the speed at which fire spreads while rainfall influences the size of the fire. water contained in the fuel.
Peran Notaris dalam Melegalisasi Dokumen Publik Asing Setelah Adanya Aksesi Konvensi Apostille
Authors: Nadira Aisyah Nurannisa
Published: September 2024

This research is about the role of notaries in legalizing foreign public documents after accession to the Apostille convention through Presidential Regulation Number 2 of 2021. Legalization is the authority of notaries as regulated by the Law on the Position of Notaries. However, something new has emerged, namely regulations regarding the legalization of public documents that will be used abroad, including public documents by notaries, namely the legalization of Apostille. This type of research is empirical normative research carried out using a statutory and conceptual approach and prepared using primary legal materials in the form of laws and secondary legal materials, namely conducting interviews. The data obtained was processed in a quantitative descriptive manner. The results of this research explain that the role of the notary in legalizing public documents in the Apostille is under the authority of the Notary Position Law and Presidential Regulation Number 2 of 2021, the role of the notary is to register public documents via the online website of the Ministry of Law. and Human Rights. Then the legal certainty of the Apostille document's boundaries is not yet clear, only those outlined in Presidential Regulation Number 2 of 2021.
Serangan Militer Israel di Jalur Gaza: Pertanggung jawaban Pidana Berdasarkan Statuta Roma Mahkamah Pidana Internasional
Authors: Veny Pasuria Marpaung  , Gladi Agustina Sihombing  , Haliza Maulida  , Ahmad Ridho  , Budi Ardianto
Published: September 2024

War conflict is something that is difficult for countries to avoid. For example, conflicts between Israel and Palestine occur repeatedly, but the realization of international accountability is not yet in accordance with existing regulations. The events that resulted in casualties in the war must be held accountable by Israel as a State, as well as the individuals involved. As a result of these actions, the perpetrators of war crimes must be held accountable under international law. The research method used is normative juridical research, namely by using library materials, by studying and examining the regulations governing international criminal law, both regulations from the Indonesian government and the constitution issued by the Rome Statute. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be seen that the mechanism for enforcing international criminal law based on the 1998 Rome Statute is carried out through several stages, namely submission of a case by the state party, investigation and prosecution, trial, decision making, finally appeal and review.
Legalitas SK Pegawai Negeri Sipil Yang Dijadikan Jaminan Kredit Perbankan
Authors: Maulana Falah Akbar  , Endang Prasetyawati
Published: September 2024

The primary function is to provide credit to financial institutions, since this is where the majority of a bank's revenue (interest, fees, and other forms of income) is generated. How profitable and long lasting a bank is depends on the quantity of credit that is extended. Consequently, every step of the lending process from estimating the amount of credit to calculating interest rates, from issuing credit to analyzing it, and finally, from returning poor credit must be executed to the highest standard. On the other hand, lending is a crucial part of a bank's strategy, and it's also a common reason why banks go bankrupt. What is the intended outcome of this study? 1) Under what circumstances may creditors accept a Civil Servant Decree (SK) as security? 2) How would the bank, as the creditor, handle a dispute in the event of a legal dispute (poor credit)? 3) Who is legally responsible for a banker's clients' negative credit? Research in this area follows a juridical-normative framework. A judicial-normative strategy is one that looks at information from the web, books, and relevant legislation.
Literatur Review: Hak dan Kewajiban Pasien, Keluarga Masyarkat dan Tenaga Medis dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Bencana
Authors: Jaury Douglas Pardomuan  , Handoyo Prasetyo
Published: September 2024

Health services are a critical aspect that requires coordination and cooperation from various parties, including patients, families, communities and medical personnel. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the rights and obligations of patients, families, communities and medical personnel in disaster health services. The method used is literature study. Google and Google Schoolar are used as the main sources of the database used from 2020 to 2024 to extract research via publish or perish software. From the research that has been conducted, disaster health services are a very complex and challenging aspect of the health system, which requires a multi-disciplinary and collaborative approach. A deep understanding of the rights and obligations of patients, families, communities and medical personnel is a strong basis for building a health care system that is fair, effective and sustainable. Cooperation between governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, local communities and individuals is essential to ensure that disaster response and recovery efforts can be carried out in a coordinated and effective manner. The development of supportive policies and regulations, as well as adequate funding, are also critical to strengthening disaster health services.
Analisis Hukum Kepesertaan Pekerja Mandiri Dalam Pelaksanaan Program Penyelenggaraan Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat
Authors: Nabila Haviazzahra  , Muhamad Hasan Sebyar
Published: September 2024

The provisions requiring an Independent Worker to become a participant in the implementation of Public Housing Savings (Tapera) are felt to be inadequate/or unfair. If this continues to be forced, then at least 2 (two) problems will arise in the future, namely: First, how will the participation of Independent Workers continue. Second, whether the provisions requiring the participation of Independent Workers are in accordance with the principle of utility (utilitarianism) in law. The aim of the research is to contribute ideas to regulatory or policy makers regarding the implementation of Tapera. The research method chosen is normative legal research, which is related to doctrinal research or legal teachings by conducting literature reviews, through a legal philosophy approach with the thought framework of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism) and a legislative approach. The results of the assessment (thinking) are as follows: First, the continuity of Independent Worker participation will have a high risk of being resolved until the end. Second, Jeremy Bentham's principle of utilitarianism/benefit (happiness) justice is not implemented, considering the norm which requires Independent Workers to follow Tapera, it is felt that it is unfair in the event that Independent Workers already own a house (either by paying in installments, building their own house, getting a house from from gifts and inheritance).
The Effectiveness Of Story Face In Teaching Reading
Authors: Desi Agustin  , Sayid Ma'rifatulloh
Published: September 2024

As an international language, English is widely used in many countries for communication. This widespread use makes English important for many aspects of life including education. Consequently, English is a mandatory subject in schools, studied from elementary levels through to university. It leads to the point of how important the mastery of English for all the students. Furthermore, the ultimategoal of English instruction is emphasized on developing students' communicative competence. This research use pre-experimental design with a quantitative approach to collect data. Quantitative methods involve gathering, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting results. The research utilized an experimental approach to evaluate students' achievement differences after receiving treatment. The Story Face strategy was used to teach students. They were given a pre-test before the treatment and a post-test after to measure any differences in reading comprehension. The specific design used was a one-group pre-test and post-test. The researchers concluded that the Story Face strategy significantly improved reading comprehension among female students in class XI at SMA Misykat Al-Anwar Kwaron Jombang. This conclusion is substantiated by the quantitative data, showing a dramatic increase in reading comprehension scores from the pre-test to the post-test. Specifically, the average score improved from a "Poor" category (33.64) to a "Very Good" category (80.91), highlighting the strategy's effectiveness
Faktor Penyebab Kejenuhan Belajar Siswa SMP Kelas VIII Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati  , Diena San Fauziya
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine the factors that cause learning boredom in class VIII middle school students in Indonesian language subjects and the efforts that teachers must make to overcome student learning boredom. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collected through observation and interviews. The research techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of research on the factors that cause student learning boredom are the method of delivering material that is too monotonous, Indonesian language subjects that are less popular, tight class hours and heavy learning evaluations. Meanwhile, efforts that must be made by teachers are using varied learning methods, doing ice breaking, approach to students, a fun learning atmosphere, and occasionally learning outside the classroom.
Studi Literatur : Pembinaan Dan Pengawasan Pemerintahan Di Daerah Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Fajri Fhatariki Ghifari  , Irvio Gafrilla Marhenza  , Gandina Suciyani F. H.  , Faya Zahira  , Ivan Darmawan
Published: September 2024

Development and supervision of regional government is an important aspect in realizing good and accountable governance. In Bandung Regency, guidance and supervision is carried out by various parties, including the central government, regional government and the community. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of government guidance and supervision in the Bandung Regency area. The research method used is a literature study by examining various data sources, such as statutory regulations, reports on the results of coaching and supervision, and related research journals. The research results show that government development and supervision in the Bandung Regency area still has several weaknesses, such as lack of coordination between stakeholders, limited human resources, and not yet optimal use of information technology.Based on the research results, several steps are recommended to increase the effectiveness of government guidance and supervision in the Bandung Regency area, such as: Strengthen coordination between stakeholder, Improve the quality of human resources, Optimizing the use of information technology, Increase community participation in government development and supervision
Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik Untuk Ganti Kerugian Dalam Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Kepentingan Umum Yang Berkepastian Hukum
Authors: Ummi Habsyah  , Hartana Hartana  , Dewi Iryani
Published: September 2024

Land has an economic value to its owner. When land is acquired in the public interest, the loss is determined by the KJPP Land Appraiser, who is responsible for the appraisal. Violations of the appraiser's duties are subject to administrative and/or criminal sanctions. The valuation includes land, surface and underground areas, buildings, equipment and related objects. The results of the appraisal become the basis for deliberations to determine the compensation, and the entitled party may take legal action in case of disagreement. This research uses a normative juridical method with a Legislation, Case, and Concept approach. The data used are secondary data (primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials) and primary data as support. Data analysis is carried out using the normative juridical analysis method. The results of the study show that there are several problems in land acquisition, such as different results of object value assessment and regulatory inconsistencies, which lead to unequal bargaining positions. Conclusion: Appraisers are responsible for conducting appraisals according to established procedures. Researchers hope that the valuation results can be accounted for and in accordance with the law, as well as special rules for the Public Appraisal Profession and Supreme Court Regulations related to compensation procedures in land acquisition.
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Promotor Perjudian Online
Authors: Faisyal Akbar  , Maya Shafira  , Emilia Susanti  , Deni Achmad  , Dona Raisa Monica
Published: September 2024

The promotion of online gambling through social media such as Instagram and WhatsApp is increasingly attracting public interest, even though it violates the law in accordance with Article 27 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 19 of 2016. Case at the Tanjung Karang District Court (Number 892/Pid.Sus/2023/PN .TJK) revealed that online gambling promotion is a criminal offense with the threat of prison sentences and fines. What is the criminal liability of perpetrators who promote online gambling products and what is the basis for the judge's considerations in imposing criminal penalties on perpetrators who promote online gambling products? Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis. The judge's decision is in accordance with applicable law, taking into account legal, sociological and philosophical aspects. In this case the judge placed more emphasis on the sociological and philosophical aspects. Hakim used Mackenzie's theory, emphasizing balance, artistry, intuition, and a scientific approach. Criminal liability must be strictly legally necessary to protect society from the negative impacts of online gambling. The criminal liability contained in decision number 892/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.TJK regarding online gambling promotion involves several defendants. This decision emphasizes the importance of law enforcement in maintaining justice and public security, and shows the appropriate application of the law to punish the promotion of illegal gambling.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Buruh Pada Sistem Hukum Sistem Kerja Di Negara Kepulauan Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Rafli Akbar Fahriza  , Dewa Gede Pradnya Yustiawan
Published: September 2024

This article aims to establish Legal safeguards for employees.within the legal framework of the employment system in Negara kepulauan Indonesia. The study utilizes normative legal research with a focus on legal and regulatory methodologies.. The research findings demonstrate that legal protection for workers in the realm of the Negara kepulauan Indonesian employment system includes: 1) Compensation protection, social protection, and social guarantees for workers; 2) Security and health protection for activities; 3) Legal protection in establishing and becoming a workers' union or employee union; 4) Preventing the infringement of workers' rights in negotiations; in the private sector.
Implementasi Pelaksanaan Perizinan Berusaha Bagi Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah di Kota Surakarta Melalui Online Single Submission Risk Bassed Approach
Authors: Dhea Putri Sri Wahyuniarti  , Lego Karjoko  , Rosita Candrakirana
Published: September 2024

The importance of business licensing as a matter of legality is a manifestation of legally valid permits given by the government to business actors to carry out their business officially. The birth of the Job Creation Law gave birth to a business licensing system which previously contained the Online Single Submission system version 1.1 which was later developed into a risk-based approach/RBA or based on the level of risk of the business to be carried out. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of business licensing for Surakarta City MSMEs through the Online Single Submission Risk Bassed Approach. This research method is empirical juridical legal research and uses a qualitative approach. This research uses primary data and secondary data. The primary data obtained came from interviews conducted at the Surakarta City Investment and One Stop Integrated Services Service. Then supported by secondary data obtained from library materials. Due to the convenience of the OSS-RBA system, system errors often occur or the server goes down, thus hampering the goal of facilitating business licensing, becoming a barrier for business actors to issue their business permits quickly. These obstacles make it difficult for business actors to log in or register on the OSS page, which means that the NIB is not immediately published. And many business people are still confused about the process flow for using OSS-RBA and are still blind to internet technology. However, despite these obstacles, the Surakarta City DPMPTSP has made various efforts to improve the quality of business licensing services in the City of Surakarta.
Pengesahan Anak Luar Kawin Sebagai Anak Sah: Tinjauan Keabsahan
Authors: Muhamad Arul Pramudi Utama
Published: September 2024

This research contains a description of the ratification of extra-marital children as legal children. Recognition and ratification of extra-marital children often experience differences in their determination. The research method used by the author in writing this journal is normative legal research method, this legal research examines document studies using various secondary data, such as laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories and opinions of scientists. Based on the results of the research, the Marriage Law does not regulate the recognition and validation of children, the Civil Code regulates recognition and validation while the Constitutional Court only focuses on the biological relationship between the child and the father. In the Determination of the Airmadidi District Court Number 175/Pdt.P/2021/PN Arm, the judge only looks at positive law without considering other aspects in the ratification of extra-marital children. This research is expected to contribute to the development of science, the author's achievement from this research is to produce scientific works in the form of theses, research journals, and as reference material for other writers in the future.