bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers and enablers in the implementation of a standardised process for nutrition care: findings from a multinational survey of dietetic professionals in 10 countries
Authors: Lövestam E. , Vivanti A. , Steiber A. , Boström A.‐M. , Devine A. , Haughey O. , Kiss C. M. , Lang N. R. , Lieffers J. , Lloyd L. , O'Sullivan T. A. , Papoutsakis C. , Peersen C. , Thoresen L. , Orrevall Y. ,   INIS Consortium members (collaborators)
Published: January 2020

Background

To explore the barriers and enablers experienced by nutrition and dietetic professionals in the implementation of the standardised Nutrition Care Process (NCP) across 10 different countries. NCP related beliefs, motivations and values were investigated and compared.

Methods

A validated online survey was disseminated to nutrition and dietetics professionals in 10 countries in the local language during 2017. Cross‐sectional associations and differences between countries were explored for level of implementation, barriers/enablers and attitudes/motivation among the respondents.

Results

Higher NCP implementation was associated with greater occurrence of enabling aspects, as well as fewer occurrences of barriers. The most common enabler was ‘recommendation by the national dietetic association’ (69%) and the most common barrier was ‘lack of time’ (39%). A longer experience of NCP use was associated with a more positive attitude towards all NCP aspects. Differences between countries were identified, regarding both the occurrence of barriers/enablers and attitudes/motivations.

Conclusions

Implementation efforts need to be tailored to country‐specific contexts when implementing a new standard of care framework among nutrition and dietetic professionals. Additional research is needed to further assess the management and workplace strategies to support the development of nutrition and dietetics professionals in multidisciplinary healthcare organisations.
The phenotype and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum transformed under prolonged stress of excessive exogenous nitrogen
Authors: Wang Yuemeng , Liu Ying , Ding Wei
Published: January 2020

Bacterial wilt, caused by soil‐borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious disease in many plants such as Solanaceae. To investigate the effects of accumulated nitrogen in soil on the phenotype and pathogenicity of the R. solanacearum, a serial passage experiment (SPE) was designed. Specifically speaking, minimal medium supplied with a slight excess of ammonium sulphate (AS) or ammonium nitrate (AN) was used to simulate the nutrition of soil containing excess nitrogen. During the period of 30 SPE, the phenotype, pathogenicity and relative expression of nitrogen metabolism genes in R. solanacearum were monitored. Phenotypic analysis results illustrated that the colony morphology of R. solanacearum changed after long‐term culture, from high virulence colonies with strong fluidity to small, round non‐mucoid colonies; The strain after prolonged stress of excessive exogenous nitrogen was a no‐virulence phenotype conversion type (PC‐type). The time for a change in colony morphology to occur after exposure to exogenous AS or AN was significantly less than the untreated samples, which treated without exogenous nitrogen. The results of pathogenicity also demonstrated that the cultures treated with exogenous AN or AS reduced virulence more quickly than the control. The disease index of 10 SPE with AN treatment or AS treatment was 89% or 68% lower than that of the control, respectively. In addition, as the incubation time increased, the swimming motility and the number of biofilms formation of the cultures were significantly changed under both treatments in comparison to the untreated samples. Furthermore, the relative expression of the nitric oxide reductase norB gene in the cultures treated with AN was 1.51‐fold higher compared with the control after 30 SPE. These results indicated that excessive nitrogen supply in the environment could accelerate the transformation of R. solanacearum from high virulence wild‐type into a PC‐type, probably for the purpose of adapting to the adverse environment.
Effects of Traditional Versus Montessori Schooling on 4‐ to 15‐Year Old children's Performance Monitoring
Authors: Denervaud Solange , Knebel Jean‐François , Immordino‐Yang Mary Helen , Hagmann Patric
Published: January 2020

Through performance monitoring individuals detect and learn from unexpected outcomes, indexed by post‐error slowing and post‐error improvement in accuracy. Although performance monitoring is essential for academic learning and improves across childhood, its susceptibility to educational influences has not been studied. Here we compared performance monitoring on a flanker task in 234 children aged 4 through 15, from traditional or Montessori classrooms. While traditional classrooms emphasize that students learn from teachers' feedback, Montessori classrooms encourage students to work independently with materials specially designed to support learners discovering errors for themselves. We found that Montessori students paused longer post‐error in early childhood and, by adolescence, were more likely to self‐correct. We also found that a developmental shift from longer to shorter pauses post‐error being associated with self‐correction happened younger in the Montessori group. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that educational experience influences performance monitoring, with implications for neural development, learning, and pedagogy.
Ticks in the ecotone: the impact of agri‐environment field margins on the presence and intensity of Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in farmland in southern England
Authors: Medlock J. M. , Vaux A. G. C. , Hansford K. M. , Pietzsch M. E. , Gillingham E. L.
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to assess whether agri‐environment field margins provide a habitat for the sheep/deer tick Ixodes ricinus. Field studies were conducted in arable farmland in southern England in both extant and newly constructed field margins. The presence and intensity (i.e. the mean number of nymphs per transect, excluding zeros) of questing nymphs and adult I. ricinus were compared between field margins with three adjacent habitats: woodland, hedgerow and arable land. The presence and intensity of ticks within a field margin was also compared between three ecozones: the ecotone, the margin and the crop. It was found that field margins do support I. ricinus, although the intensity of ticks was associated with field margins with adjacent woodland, with a higher tick intensity along the ecotonal ecozone, compared with the rest of the margin or the crop edge. The presence of a hedge also increased the likelihood of finding questing nymphs in a field margin compared with a margin adjacent to arable land. This effect, however, was less pronounced than in field margins with adjacent woodland. The provision of footpaths within the margin (at least 1–2 m from the ecotone), or on the edge of the crop where paths run next to woodland known to be an important tick habitat, could be promoted to minimize tick exposure. In addition, based on the results of the present study, raising awareness that walking alongside woodlands also constitutes a tick risk could be promoted.
WOODEN TECHNOLOGY DURING THE IRON AGE: THE ASPIO CAVE (RUESGA, NORTH SPAIN)
Authors: del Castillo Rafael Bolado , López‐Bultó Oriol , Cubas Miriam
Published: January 2020

Remains of perishable materials only survive at archaeological sites in extraordinary preservation conditions. This means that some technologies, such as woodworking, are clearly under‐represented in the archaeological record. Twelve wooden objects were found in the Aspio Cave (Ruesga, Cantabria). The application of an appropriate analytical methodology has allowed us to identify the processes of their selection, acquisition, fabrication and main morphological characteristics. In the case of the combs, morphological parallels have been established with artefacts at Iron Age sites in the British Isles. This singular archaeological assemblage, from a deposit dated in the second or first centuries cal BC, enables an exploration of the role of wood technology in Iron Age societies in Cantabrian Spain.
Comparison of the organic compounds composition of Hylobius abietis males and females before and after exposure to Beauveria bassiana infection
Authors: Gołębiowski Marek , Bojke Aleksandra , Tkaczuk Cezary , Majchrowska‐Safaryan Anna , Stepnowski Piotr
Published: January 2020

In the present study, the lipid composition from male and female Hylobius abietis is analyzed pre‐ and post‐infection with Beauveria bassiana. The compounds are analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In the lipids of males and females fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, alcohols, amino acids and other organic compounds are identified. The lipids of males and females after B. bassiana exposure contain 31 and 33 organic compounds, respectively, whereas the lipids of non‐infected males and females contain 30 and 37 compounds, respectively. The most abundant compounds in infected and non‐infected males are fatty acids: C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2. Contents of dominant compounds from the lipids of infected and non‐infected males are similar to those extracted from the lipids of infected and non‐infected females. It should be noted that the total mass of organic compounds is higher in non‐infected insects than infected insects.
Transaction Cost Economics As a Theory of Supply Chain Efficiency
Authors: Ketokivi Mikko , Mahoney Joseph T.
Published: January 2020

Transaction cost economics (TCE) is one of the most widely referenced organization theories in operations and supply chain management research. Even though TCE is a broadly applicable theory of governance, one of its specific topics of interest—the make‐or‐buy decision—readily aligns with some of the central research questions on how firms manage supply chains. However, both general management and operations management researchers sometimes misunderstand and misapply TCE's aims, assumptions, and logic. A common mistake is to read TCE as a theory of competence or of power. While TCE relates to both, TCE is essentially a theory of efficient governance of transactions in particular and exchange relationships in general. Our purpose in this study is to review the intellectual and theoretical foundations of TCE, its primary aims, and its applicability as a theory of supply chain efficiency. To this end, we discover much common ground between TCE and research in operations and supply chain management. We close by discussing implications for future research, focusing on how operations and supply chain management researchers could contribute to broader academic conversations on management and governance.
Explaining Export Duration in Kenya
Authors: Socrates Majune Kraido , Moyi Eliud , Gathiaka Kamau
Published: January 2020

This study establishes the hazard rate of exports from Kenya and identifies factors that explain the duration of exports using a discrete‐time random effects logit regression model. A difference‐in‐differences estimator is used to assess the effects of AGOA. Export data between Kenya and 176 partners over 21 years (1995–2016) is used. We find that first‐year survival rate is 39%. The median duration of Kenya’s exports is 1 year. AGOA enhances export survival, especially for apparels. COMESA also increases export survival but EAC has a dampening effect, even in SSA region. Differentiated products unlike capital‐intensive products improve export survival.
Impact of risk‐dependent interventions on low haemoglobin deferral rates in whole blood donors
Authors: Baart A. Mireille , van den Hurk Katja , de Kort Wim L.A.M. , Huis in ’t Veld Elisabeth M.J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Blood donors with a relatively low haemoglobin (Hb) level at their previous donation attempt have an increased risk of Hb deferral at the subsequent donation attempt. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the interventions prolongation of donation interval and/or a dietary advice decrease the Hb deferral rate.

Methods

11 897 whole blood donors with Hb levels from below to 0·2 mmol/l above the cut‐off level for donation received either no intervention, a prolongation of the donation interval to six or twelve months, a dietary advice, or both. Deferral rates for low Hb levels at the subsequent donation attempt were compared in the different intervention groups. Additionally, the effects of the interventions on Hb deferral risk and donor return for a subsequent donation attempt were analysed using generalized estimating equations.

Results

The Hb deferral rate was substantially lower in the group that received a prolongation of the donation interval to six months than in the Control Group (12·9% vs. 6·3% in men and 20·4% vs. 13·4% in women). However, the additional benefit of twelve over 6‐month interval prolongation was small, and no benefit of a dietary advice showed up. On the other hand, receiving a dietary advice increased the likelihood of donor return for a subsequent donation attempt.

Conclusion

Implementation of a protocol for the prolongation of donation intervals to six months for donors with Hb levels from below to slightly above the cut‐off level for donation may reduce the deferral rate for low Hb levels while keeping donor lapse at a minimum.
A multi‐centre study on the performance of the molecular genotyping platform ID RHD XT for resolving serological weak RhD phenotype in routine clinical practice
Authors: Londero Donatella , Monge Jorge , Hellberg Asa
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives

There is concern regarding the lack of prevention of unnecessary transfusion of RhD negative red cells and unnecessary administration of Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) to pregnant women. In this study, performance of ID RHD XT, a genotyping assay for identification of six RHD allelic variants and human platelet antigens HPA‐1a/1b was assessed.

Materials and methods

Whole blood samples presenting weak, discrepant or inconclusive D phenotype results were genotyped with ID RHD XT and compared to reference molecular tests. Candidacy for RhIG prophylaxis was determined by analysing samples from pregnant women. Hands‐on time to complete the procedures was measured.

Results

Overall, 167 samples were tested (55 donors, 56 patients, 52 pregnant women and four newborns). Agreement between ID RHD XT and the reference method was 100% (51% weak D type 1, 2 or 3; 35·5% weak D Types 1, 2 or 3 not detected; 4% RHD deletion; 1% RHD*Pseudogene; 1% RHD*DIIIa‐CE(3‐7)‐D; and 4% no amplification variant detected for RHD genotype; and 64% HPA‐1a/a; 30% HPA‐1a/b; and 3% HPA‐1b/b for HPA‐1 genotype). Call rate was 98·2%. ID RHD XT identified 40% of the pregnant women that would not have required RhIG prophylaxis. Overall hands‐on time was 25–45 min to process a batch of 24 samples, and four hours for total assay time.

Conclusion

ID RHD XT yielded reproducible results for RHD typing in serologically weak D phenotype individuals. ID RHD XT was proven useful for the correct management of patients with RhD serological discrepancies and the rational use of RhIG in pregnancy.
Increased sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a activity underlies the mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of ivabradine
Authors: Xie Ming , Huang Hui‐Li , Zhang Wen‐Hui , Gao Li , Wang Yu‐Wei , Zhu Xiao‐Jia , Li Wei , Chen Ke‐Su , Boutjdir Mohamed , Chen Long
Published: January 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

The therapeutic effect of ivabradine on patients with chronic heart failure and chronic stable angina pectoris is mediated through a reduction in heart rate: what are the haemodynamic characteristics and the mechanism of the inotropic effect?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Ivabradine has a positive inotropic effect and lowers the heart rate both in vivo and in vitro. These effects are likely mediated by ivabradine's significant increase of the fast component rate constant mediated by sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a and decrease of the slow component rate constant that is mediated by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and sarcolemmal Ca2+‐ATPase during the Ca2+ transient decay phase.

Ivabradine's therapeutic effect is mediated by a reduction of the heart rate; however, its haemodynamic characteristics and the mechanism of its inotropic effect are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the positive inotropic effect of ivabradine and its underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that ivabradine increased the positive inotropy of the rat heart in vivo by increasing the stroke work, cardiac output, stroke volume, end‐diastolic volume, end‐systolic pressure, ejection fraction, ±dP/dtmax, left ventricular end‐systolic elastance and systolic blood pressure without altering the diastolic blood pressure and arterial elastance. This inotropic effect was observed in both non‐paced and paced rat isolated heart. Ivabradine increased the Ca2+ transient amplitude and the reuptake rates of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), lowered the diastolic Ca2+ level and suppressed the combined extrusion rate of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the sarcolemmal Ca2+‐ATPase. In addition, ivabradine widened the action potential duration, hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential, increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content and reduced Ca2+ leak. Overall, ivabradine had a positive inotropic effect brought about by enhanced SERCA2a activity, which might be mediated by increased phospholamban phosphorylation. The positive inotropic effect along with the lowered heart rate underlies ivabradine's therapeutic effect in heart failure.
MicroRNA‐424‐5p regulates aortic smooth muscle cell function in atherosclerosis by blocking APOC3‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Li Chuanfang , Zhang Meng , Dai Yuchuan , Xu Zesheng
Published: January 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What is the role of microRNA‐424‐5p (miR‐424‐5p) in aortic smooth muscle cells? How does miR‐424‐5p function as a suppressor of the inflammatory response?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Upregulation of miR‐424‐5p inhibits the inflammatory response in aortic smooth muscle cells. miR‐424‐5p inactivates the nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathway through the downregulation of apolipoprotein C3.

Dysregulated aortic smooth muscle cells in chronic inflammation result in plaque formation in atherosclerosis (AS), which is a systemic disease that affects the large arteries with the activation of inflammatory pathways as a key process in its pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of microRNA‐424‐5p (miR‐424‐5p) in aortic smooth muscle cell activities and inflammation in AS via the regulation of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) and the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathway. The results showed that miR‐424‐5p was poorly expressed and APOC3 highly expressed in the peripheral blood of AS patients and rat models of AS. Molecularly, our results confirmed that miR‐424‐5p targeted the APOC3 gene directly and inhibited APOC3 expression, which resulted in repressed activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway. The gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches were used to determine the effects of miR‐424‐5p and APOC3 on inflammation and on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells. Upregulation of miR‐424‐5p or silencing of APOC3 significantly suppressed proliferation, migration and inflammation and promoted apoptosis of aortic smooth muscle cells, which was achieved through inactivation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway. Taken together, our results show that miR‐424‐5p upregulation impedes the progression of AS by blocking the APOC3‐mediated NF‐κB signalling pathway, which could be used as a novel target and a potential therapeutic pathway against AS.
The effects of local forearm heating and cooling on motor unit properties during submaximal contractions
Authors: Mallette Matthew M. , Cheung Stephen S. , Kumar Robert I. , Hodges Gary J. , Holmes Michael W. R. , Gabriel David A.
Published: January 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

How do temperature manipulations affect motor unit (MU) properties during submaximal contractions to the same relative percentage of maximal force?

What is the main finding and its importance?

MU recruitment patterns are affected by temperature manipulations at the forearm. However, the relationship between MU potential amplitude and recruitment threshold indicates no change to the order or recruitment. Additionally, the MU potential amplitude and firing rate relationship was affected by temperature, suggesting that smaller MUs are more affected by temperature changes than larger MUs.

Temperature impacts muscle contractile properties, such that experiments with workloads based on thermoneutral values will produce different relative intensities if maximal force changes due to muscle temperature. We investigated how temperature affected motor unit (MU) properties with contractions performed at the same normalized percentage of maximal force. Twenty participants (10 females) completed evoked, maximal, and trapezoidal voluntary contractions during thermoneutral‐, hot‐, and cold‐temperature conditions. Forearm temperature was established using 25 min of neutral (∼32°C), hot (∼44°C) or cold (∼13°C) water circulated through a tube‐lined sleeve. Flexor carpi radialis MU properties were assessed with contractions at 30% and 60% MVC relative to each temperature using surface electromyography decomposition. Changes to contractile properties and electromechanical delay from the evoked twitch suggest that muscle contractility was changed from the thermal manipulations (effect size (d) ≥ 0.42, P < 0.05). Maximal force was not different between neutral and hot conditions (d = 0.16, P > 0.05) but decreased in the cold (d ≥ 0.34, P < 0.05). For both contraction intensities, MU potential (MUP) amplitude was larger and duration was longer in the cold compared to neutral and hot conditions (d ≥ 1.24, P < 0.05). Cumulative probability density for the number of MUs recruited revealed differences in MU recruitment patterns among temperature conditions. The relationship between MU recruitment threshold and firing rate or MUP amplitude was not different among temperature conditions (P > 0.05); however, the relationship between MUP amplitude and firing rate was (P < 0.05). Local temperature manipulations appear to affect MU recruitment patterns, which may act as compensatory mechanisms to the changes in muscle viscosity and contractile properties due to local temperature changes.
Intermittent low dose carbon monoxide inhalation does not influence glucose regulation in overweight adults: a randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Goodrich J. A. , Frisco D. J. , Ryan S. P. P. , Newman A. A. , Trikha S. R. J. , Braun B. , Bell C. , Byrnes W. C.
Published: January 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Low dose carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation plays a role in regulating proteins involved in glucose metabolism; does low dose CO improve glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test in overweight adults?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Five days of intermittent CO inhalation does not alter the glucose or insulin responses to ingestion of a glucose bolus in overweight adults. Low dose CO is utilized in various physiological assessment procedures; these findings allow researchers and clinicians to utilize these procedures without concern of altering glucose metabolism.

Low dose carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation upregulates several proteins important for glucose metabolism. Such changes could be clinically significant and may be relevant to those who use CO as a research tool. We hypothesized that low dose CO inhalation would improve glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose bolus in overweight humans. Eleven young adults (5 men, 6 women; body mass index: 25–35 kg m−2) were included in this randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐blinded crossover study. Following screening, participants completed two 7‐day protocols with a 4‐week washout. Twenty‐four hours prior to and following five consecutive days of either once daily CO (men: 1.2 ml (kg body mass)−1; women: 1.0 ml (kg body mass)−1) or placebo (room air) inhalation, participants underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). For key outcome variables, there were no significant main effects or interactions across condition or time point (mean ± SD), including fasting glucose (mg dl−1: pre‐placebo: 85.2 ± 10.1; post‐placebo: 82.9 ± 10.6; pre‐CO: 83.6 ± 7.7; post‐CO: 84.0 ± 9.0), 2 h post glucose (mg dl−1: pre‐placebo: 100.9 ± 20.0; post‐placebo: 98.7 ± 13.1; pre‐CO: 94.2 ± 23.2; post‐CO: 94.4 ± 14.9), or the Matsuda index (pre‐placebo: 16.1 ± 11.5; post‐placebo: 20.3 ± 24.7; pre‐CO: 15.6 ± 15.3; post‐CO: 17.5 ± 16.8). In conclusion, 5 days of low dose CO administration did not influence glucose and insulin responses to an OGTT in overweight adults. Low dose CO inhalation is utilized in a variety of physiological assessment procedures; these findings allow researchers to utilize these procedures without concern of altering glucose metabolism.
Numerical and Analytical Studies of Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 316 LN Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Abarkan Ikram , Shamass Rabee , Achegaf Zineb , Khamlichi Abdellatif
Published: January 2020

Mechanical components are frequently subjected to severe cyclic pressure and/or temperature loadings. Therefore, numerical and analytical low cycle fatigue methods become widely used in the field of engineering to estimate the design fatigue lives. The primary aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly used numerical and analytical low cycle fatigue life methods for specimens made of 316 LN austenitic stainless steel and subjected to fully reversed uniaxial tension–compression loading, in the room temperature condition. It was found that both maximum shear strain and Brown–Miller criterions result in a very conservative estimation for uniaxially loaded specimens. However, maximum shear strain criteria provide better results compared to the Brown–Miller criteria. The total strain energy density approach was also used, and both the Masing and non-Masing analysis were adopted in this study. It is found that the Masing model provides conservative fatigue lives, and non-Masing model results in a more realistic fatigue life prediction for 316 LN stainless steel for both low and high strain amplitudes. The fatigue design curves obtained from the commonly used analytical low cycle fatigue equations were reexamined for 316 LN SS. The obtained design curves from Langer model and its modified versions are nonconservative for this type of material. Consequently, the authors suggest new optimized parameters to fit the given test data. The obtained curve using the currently suggested parameters is in better agreement with the experimental data for 316 LN SS.
Correlation of Three-Dimensional Roughness Parameters With the Crater Dimensions in μED-Milling of Cryogenic-Treated Tool and Workpiece
Authors: Jafferson J. M. , Hariharan P. , Ramkumar J.
Published: January 2020

Microfluidics is one of the rapidly growing markets in the present era of miniaturization. Microchannels have wide applications in various fields such as biomedical, mechanical, electrical, and chemical sciences. Machining microfeatures with high aspect ratio in metals is difficult by mechanical and lithography-based processes. Micro-electric discharge milling is a suitable process to machine microcavities and microchannels in all electrically conductive materials. The main disadvantage of this process is its very low material removal rate. Improving the machining performance of micro-electric discharge machining (μEDM) is a research area that attracts researchers and remains as an unfulfilled agenda. The aim of this study is to improve the machining performance of micro-electric discharge milling process by investigating the performance of cryogenically treated tool and workpiece materials. Since surface roughness determines the minimum feature size machinable by any micromachining process and also it is an important factor in determining the flow characteristics of microchannels, a detailed comparative study was conducted on the three-dimensional (3D) surface quality parameters along with machining performance while using all four different combinations of untreated and cryogenically treated tool and workpiece, and the roughness parameters are correlated with the erosion behavior. The study revealed significant change in material removal rate and erosion pattern due to cryogenic treatment.
Influences of a Varying Sill at the Seabed on Two-Dimensional Radiation of Linear Water Waves by a Rectangular Buoy
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Wang Xuefeng , Xu Shengwen , Ding Aibing
Published: January 2020

The presence of a sill alters the traditional flat seabed conditions, imposing significant effects on hydrodynamic characteristics of the wave–body interaction problem. Eigenfunction matching method (EMM), which is a typical analytical method, is employed to precisely evaluate these effects on two-dimensional radiation of linear water waves by a rectangular buoy. The agreement with the published data and numerical results by the boundary element method (BEM) indicates the correctness of the present EMM. Four aspects involving varying height of the sill, varying width of the sill, varying water depth of the right semi-infinite subdomain, and varying relative positions between the buoy and the sill are considered. Analytical results show that among all the hydrodynamic coefficients, the added mass coefficient of heave is affected most by the varying sill.
REEF3D::FNPF—A Flexible Fully Nonlinear Potential Flow Solver
Authors: Bihs Hans , Wang Weizhi , Pakozdi Csaba , Kamath Arun
Published: January 2020

In situations where the calculation of ocean wave propagation and impact on structures are required, fast numerical solvers are desired in order to find relevant wave events. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical wave tanks (NWTs) emphasize on the hydrodynamic details such as fluid–structure interaction, which make them less ideal for the event identification due to the large computational resources involved. Therefore, a computationally efficient numerical wave model is needed to identify the events both for offshore deep-water wave fields and coastal wave fields where the bathymetry and coastline variations have strong impact on wave propagation. In the current paper, a new numerical wave model is represented that solves the Laplace equation for the flow potential and the nonlinear kinematic and dynamics free surface boundary conditions. This approach requires reduced computational resources compared to CFD-based NWTs. The resulting fully nonlinear potential flow solver REEF3D::FNPF uses a σ-coordinate grid for the computations. This allows the grid to follow the irregular bottom variation with great flexibility. The free surface boundary conditions are discretized using fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite difference methods and the third-order total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge–Kutta scheme for time stepping. The Laplace equation for the potential is solved with Hypre’s stabilized bi-conjugated gradient solver preconditioned with geometric multi-grid. REEF3D::FNPF is fully parallelized following the domain decomposition strategy and the message passing interface (MPI) communication protocol. The numerical results agree well with the experimental measurements in all tested cases and the model proves to be efficient and accurate for both offshore and coastal conditions.
Reduced-Order Modeling and Experimental Studies of Bilaterally Coupled Fluid–Structure Interaction in Single-Degree-of-Freedom Flapping Wings
Authors: Schwab Ryan K. , Reid Heidi E. , Jankauski Mark
Published: January 2020

Flapping wings deform under both aerodynamic and inertial forces. However, many flapping wing fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models require significant computational resources which limit their effectiveness for high-dimensional parametric studies. Here, we present a simple bilaterally coupled FSI model for a wing subject to single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) flapping. The model is reduced-order and can be solved several orders of magnitude faster than direct computational methods. To verify the model experimentally, we construct a SDOF rotation stage and measure basal strain of a flapping wing in-air and in-vacuum. Overall, the derived model estimates wing strain with good accuracy. In-vacuum, the wing has a large 3ω response when flapping at approximately one-third of its natural frequency due to a superharmonic resonance, where the superharmonic occurs due to the interaction of inertial forces and time-varying centrifugal softening. In-air, this 3ω response is attenuated significantly as a result of aerodynamic damping, whereas the primary ω response is increased due to aerodynamic loading. These results highlight the importance of (1) bilateral coupling between the fluid and structure, since unilaterally coupled approaches do not adequately describe deformation-induced aerodynamic damping and (2) time-varying stiffness, which generates superharmonics of the flapping frequency in the wing’s dynamic response. The simple SDOF model and experimental study presented in this work demonstrate the potential for a reduced-order FSI model that considers both bilateral fluid–structure coupling and realistic multi-degrees-of-freedom flapping kinematics moving forward.
Brand New: A Longitudinal Investigation of Brand Associations as Drivers of Team Identity Among Fans of a New Sport Team
Authors: Wear Henry , Heere Bob
Published: January 2020

The role of brand associations and team identity in the sport management literature has received significant attention; however, there exists opportunities to investigate the way they impact one another over time. The authors examined the development of brand associations and team identification among fans of a new team to measure the impact the team’s brand held in the development of new fans. Longitudinal quantitative data were collected from fans of a new professional baseball team (N = 119) across three points during the team’s inaugural season. Using multilevel growth curve modeling, unconditional growth curve models provided evidence of the development and change of brand associations and team identification, while conditional growth curve models evaluated the percentage of change in team identity explained by the changes in each brand association. The findings provide evidence of brand associations as drivers in the development of team identification among fans of a new team.
“Count the Ways That It Impacts Your Life”: New Parenthood and Sport Fandom
Authors: Mansfield Aaron C.
Published: January 2020

Scholars have begun exploring how parenthood impacts individuals’ sport fandom. Limited work to date, however, has considered such a question in light of new parenthood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how new parent sport fans negotiate their multiple identities. To this end, I completed semi-structured long interviews with 27 sport fans with young children (i.e., individuals presently raising children of age 0–6 years). Drawing on the social–psychological foundations of identity theory, I examined these new parents’ salience hierarchy negotiation. I identified and analyzed two consumer groups: Maintainers (who have sustained the centrality of their fan identity despite a change in life circumstances) and Modifiers (who have “de-escalated” their fandom). These new parents’ voices are used to guide the findings. This study advances the theoretical understanding of how parenthood impacts fandom and illuminates how the sport industry can optimally serve new parent sport fans.
Performance-Stabilizing Synergies in a Complex Motor Skill: Analysis Based on the Uncontrolled Manifold Hypothesis
Authors: Hasanbarani Fariba , Latash Mark L.
Published: January 2020

The authors studied indices of stability (ΔV) of two time-varying variables, hand coordinate and velocity, during accurate throw of a small ball into the basket. Ten participants performed the throwing task with eyes-open (vision) and -closed (no vision) conditions. In the latter condition, participants closed their eyes prior to initiating the throw. The intertrial variance in the joint configuration space (and joint velocity space) was analyzed based on the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis. The results confirmed the presence of both coordinate- and velocity-stabilizing synergies (ΔV > 0). Intertrial variance was larger in the no-vision condition compared with the vision condition. Over the movement duration, ΔV did not change for the coordinate-related analysis but dropped consistently for the velocity-related analysis. The authors interpret the findings within the idea of hierarchical control and trade-off between synergy indices at different levels of the hierarchy.
Metagenome Sequences from the Environment of Diseased Otter Clams, Lutraria rhynchaena, from a Farm in Vietnam
Authors: Kagaya Yuki , Minei Ryuhei , Duong Ha T. T. , Le Binh T. N. , Dang Lua T. , Tran Trang T. H. , Nguyen Hoa T. , Kinoshita Kengo , Yura Kei , Ogura Atsushi , Kim Oanh T. P.
Published: January 2020

Otter clam farming in Vietnam has recently encountered difficulties due to swollen-siphon disease. Here, we report the metagenome sequences of microorganisms extracted from the siphon tissue of infected otter clams. The data comprised bacterial and viral sequences which likely include those derived from the disease-causing agent.
Identification and Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Strain SBH163, Isolated in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Jani Jaeyres , Abu Bakar Siti Fatimah , Mustapha Zainal Arifin , Ling Chin Kai , Teo Roddy , Ahmed Kamruddin
Published: January 2020

This is a report on the whole-genome sequence of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain SBH163, which was isolated from a patient in the Malaysian Borneo state of Sabah. This report provides insight into the molecular characteristics of an
M. tuberculosis
Beijing genotype strain related to strains from Russia and South Africa.
Genomic Sequence of the Strain Enterococcus faecium ICIS 18
Authors: Sycheva M. V. , Popova L. P. , Pashkova T. M. , Khlopko Y. A. , Kartashova O. L. , Andreeva A. V. , Poshvina D. V.
Published: January 2020

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Enterococcus faecium
strain ICIS 18, which was isolated from human feces. Analysis of the
E. faecium
ICIS 18 genome revealed genes encoding resistance to metals, fluoroquinolones, and beta-lactam antibiotics.
Complete Genome Sequences for Two
Talaromyces marneffei
Clinical Isolates from Northern and Southern Vietnam
Authors: Cuomo Christina A. , Shea Terrance , Nguyen Thu , Ashton Philip , Perfect John , Le Thuy
Published: January 2020

Talaromyces marneffei
is a thermally dimorphic fungus endemic in China and Southeast Asia that causes fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals, particularly in patients with advanced HIV disease. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two clinical isolates from northern and southern Vietnam.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Strains of Verticillium nonalfalfae Exhibiting Different Levels of Aggressiveness on Ailanthus altissima
Authors: Berger Harald , Maschek Oliver , Halmschlager Erhard
Published: January 2020

Verticillium nonalfalfae
, a soilborne vascular fungus, shows promise for biocontrol of highly invasive
Ailanthus altissima
strains. This announcement provides draft genome sequences of the aggressive isolate G1/5 (wild-type strain), the highly aggressive isolate Vert56 (improved strain), and the mildly aggressive isolate I3/2, all obtained from symptomatic
A. altissima
trees in Austria.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain MWU12-2323, Isolated from a Wild Cranberry Bog in Truro, Massachusetts
Authors: Ebadzadsahrai Ghazal , Soby Scott
Published: January 2020

Exploration of novel environments such as low-pH wild cranberry bog soils yields a rich diversity of bacteria, including
Pseudomonas
spp. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. strain MWU12-2323, isolated from wild cranberry plant rhizosphere. The genome has secondary metabolite genes encoding carbohydrate polymer-degrading enzymes.
Complete Genome Sequences of 13 Bacillus subtilis Soil Isolates for Studying Secondary Metabolite Diversity
Authors: Kiesewalter Heiko T. , Lozano-Andrade Carlos N. , Maróti Gergely , Snyder Dan , Cooper Vaughn S. , Jørgensen Tue Sparholt , Weber Tilmann , Kovács Ákos T.
Published: January 2020

Bacillus subtilis
is a plant-benefiting soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium with secondary metabolite production potential. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of 13
B. subtilis
strains isolated from different soil samples in Germany and Denmark.
Genome Sequence and Phylogeny of a
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus
Isolate Obtained from a 14-Year-Old Australian Lentil Sample
Authors: Maina S. , Zheng L. , King S. , Aftab M. , Nancarrow N. , Trębicki P. , Rodoni B.
Published: January 2020

Using RNA strand-specific sequencing followed by
de novo
assembly, a
Bean yellow mosaic virus
(BYMV) genome was obtained from a lentil sample (Aus14BY) collected in Victoria, Australia, in 2005. When compared with 51 BYMV genomes, it closely resembled the Western Australian isolate PN83A (
Lupinus angustifolius
), with 98.4% nucleotide identity.
Draft Genome Sequence of Sideroxydans sp. Strain CL21, an Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium
Authors: Cooper Rebecca E. , Wegner Carl-Eric , McAllister Sean M. , Shevchenko Olga , Chan Clara S. , Küsel Kirsten
Published: January 2020

Sideroxydans
sp. strain CL21 is an aerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium isolated from peat sediment from the Fe-rich, moderately acidic Schlöppnerbrunnen fen (northern Bavaria, Germany). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain CL21, highlighting genes involved in Fe(II), sulfur, and H
2
oxidation.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of Yada Yada Virus, a Novel Alphavirus Detected in Australian Mosquitoes
Authors: Batovska Jana , Buchmann Jan P. , Holmes Edward C. , Lynch Stacey E.
Published: January 2020

Here, we report the detection of a novel alphavirus in Australian mosquitoes, provisionally named Yada Yada virus (YYV). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that YYV belongs to the mosquito-specific alphavirus complex. The assembled genome is 11,612 nucleotides in length and encodes two open reading frames.
Bivalirudin resistance in a patient on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a therapeutic response to argatroban
Authors: Berlioz Beric , Kaseer Haya S , Sanghavi Devang K , Guru Pramod K
Published: January 2020

A 48-year-old male patient requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for hypoxaemic respiratory failure failed to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation with bivalirudin after continuous dose escalations, and continued to have recurrent fibrin stranding in the circuit over a 6-day course of treatment. Suspecting bivalirudin resistance, the patient was transitioned to argatroban and achieved a therapeutic response in less than 24 hours. The case describes the challenges of anticoagulation in ECMO supported patients. The interplay between bivalirudin metabolism, renal replacement therapy, and immunological effects leading to a heparin-like-effect, inflammatory mediators, and thrombotic burdens may all impact the clinical effect during bivalirudin therapy. The structural biochemistry of thrombin and bivalirudin likely plays a role in the presented patient’s successful response to argatroban. Bivalirudin may fail at achieving therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with genetic thrombin mutations or structural defects that alter the binding pockets at the thrombin exosites.
Mining treatment patterns of glucose-lowering medications for type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands
Authors: van den Heuvel Jan Maurik , Farzan Niloufar , van Hoek Mandy , Maitland-van der Zee Anke-Hilse , Ahmadizar Fariba
Published: January 2020

Rationale and objectives

Different classes of glucose-lowering medications are used for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. It is unclear how often these medications are prescribed in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to describe treatment patterns of glucose-lowering medications in patients with T2DM in the Netherlands.

Methods

We studied a cohort of 73 819 patients with T2DM, aged ≥45 years with a first prescription for oral glucose-lowering medication between 2011 and 2017. We used the NControl database with dispensing data from 800 pharmacies in the Netherlands. Prevalence of each glucose-lowering medication class during 6 years after the index date was calculated. Using SQL Server, we identified stepwise patterns of medication prescription in this population.

Findings

During the study period, prevalence of biguanides (BIGU) decreased from 95.6% to 80.8% and use of sulfonylureas (SU) increased from 27.3% to 42.3%. 55.2% of all patients only received BIGUs, 19.1% of all patients started on BIGUs but switched to BIGU +SU. 13.5% of patients with T2DM initiated insulins, on average 532 days (almost 18 months) after the index date.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that in the Netherlands, medication treatment in patients with T2DM is mainly consistent with the clinical guidelines in the Netherlands during the study period.
Inequities in the incidence and safety of abortion in Nigeria
Authors: Bell Suzanne O , Omoluabi Elizabeth , OlaOlorun Funmilola , Shankar Mridula , Moreau Caroline
Published: January 2020

Background

We know little about the frequency, correlates and conditions under which women induce abortions in Nigeria. This study seeks to estimate the 1-year induced abortion incidence and proportion of abortions that are unsafe overall and by women’s background characteristics using direct and indirect methodologies.

Methods

Data for this study come from a population-based, nationally representative survey of reproductive age women (15–49) in Nigeria. Interviewers asked women to report on the abortion experiences of their closest female confidante and themselves. We adjusted for potential biases in the confidante data. Analyses include estimation of 1-year induced abortion incidence and unsafe abortion, as well as bivariate and multivariate assessment of their correlates.

Results

A total of 11 106 women of reproductive age completed the female survey; they reported on 5772 confidantes. The 1-year abortion incidence for respondents was 29.0 (95% CI 23.3 to 34.8) per 1000 women aged 15–49 while the confidante incidence was 45.8 (95% CI 41.0-50.6). The respondent and confidante abortion incidences revealed similar correlates, with women in their 20s, women with secondary or higher education and women in urban areas being the most likely to have had an abortion in the prior year. The majority of respondent and confidante abortions were the most unsafe (63.4% and 68.6%, respectively). Women aged 15–19, women who had never attended school and the poorest women were significantly more likely to have had the most unsafe abortions.

Conclusion

Results indicate that abortion in Nigeria is a public health concern and an issue of social inequity. Efforts to expand the legal conditions for abortion in Nigeria are critical. Simultaneously, efforts to increase awareness of the availability of medication abortion drugs to more safely self-induce can help mitigate the toll of unsafe abortion-related morbidity and mortality.