bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handoff Tool Enabling Standardized Transitions Between the Emergency Department and the Hospitalist Inpatient Service at a Major Cancer Center
Authors: Gonzalez Carmen E. , Brito-Dellan Norman , Banala Srinivas R. , Rubio David , Ait Aiss Mohamed , Rice Terry W. , Chen Karen , Bodurka Diane C. , Escalante Carmelita P.
Published: May 2018

Communication failures during patient handoff can lead to serious errors. A quality improvement team created a standardized handoff tool/process (DE-PASS: Decisive problem requiring admission, Evaluation time, Patient summary, Acute issues/action list, Situation unfinished/awareness, Signed out to) for admitting patients from the emergency department (ED) to the hospitalist inpatient service of a tertiary cancer center. DE-PASS mirrors the institution’s ED workflow, stratifies patients as stable/urgent/emergent, and establishes requirements for verbal and email communications between providers. Comparison of preintervention and postintervention results from the 1-month pilot revealed that within a 24-hour period, DE-PASS reduced the number of intensive care unit transfers by 58% ( P = .393), the number of rapid-response team calls by 39% ( P = .637), and time to inpatient order by 31% ( P = .004). ED physicians’ and hospitalists’ satisfaction with DE-PASS increased. Reduction in intensive care unit transfers was sustained after the pilot ( P = .029). DE-PASS feasibility was evidenced by 100% uptake. By stratifying patients by risk level, DE-PASS reduced admission-to-evaluation times for unstable patients, potentially improving patient safety.
Stress Spillover in Policing and Negative Relationship Functioning for Law Enforcement Marriages
Authors: Tuttle Brooke McQuerrey , Giano Zachary , Merten Michael J.
Published: May 2018

The nature of police work includes toxic work environments and uncertain danger which imparts a unique type of occupational stress spillover or the transfer of stress from work life to home life for law enforcement officers. Work stress places officers at risk for negative health and psychosocial outcomes. While it has been shown that occupational stress can compromise the well-being of police officers, little is known about how spillover can effect other areas of life for officers such as marital relationships. This study investigates the association between work demands, emotional stress spillover, and marital functioning in a law enforcement sample. Data from 1,180 married law enforcement respondents to the Police Officer Questionnaire which included 148 items assessing work stress, health, family, and support were examined. Responses were analyzed using regression analyses. Results showed that career demands and emotional spillover were statistically significant predictors of the variance in marital functioning. Social and emotional spillover of work-related stress carries negative consequences for communication and emotion regulation within law enforcement marriages.
The Shared Emotional Themes of Illness and Anaphylaxis
Authors: Taylor Jessica Z. , Lewis Chrystal L.
Published: May 2018

In 2000, the developers of medical family therapy (MedFT) discussed 10 emotional themes of illness (ETI) experienced by both individuals and families. The current article aims to apply these 10 ETIs to the lived experience of anaphylaxis to provide counselors providing MedFT with a deeper understanding of the emotional impact of anaphylaxis on individuals and the family system. Additionally, therapeutic suggestions are offered for each theme to guide counselors operating from a MedFT framework in positive resolution of each emotional theme. Specific areas for further clinical exploration include the potential for suicide by anaphylaxis, bullying related to one’s anaphylactic trigger, media minimization of the seriousness of food allergies and anaphylaxis, the utilization of narrative therapy strategies, and collaborative integrative care specific to allergy health-care professionals to better provide individuals and families living with anaphylaxis with biopsychosocial care.
Primary Gastric Lymphoma, Epidemiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Juárez-Salcedo Luis Miguel , Sokol Lubomir , Chavez Julio C. , Dalia Samir
Published: May 2018

Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma and represents a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from indolent low-grade marginal zone lymphoma or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma to aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The PGL is a relatively rare cancer and easily misdiagnosed due to its unspecific symptoms of the digestive tract. The medical literature and ongoing clinical trials were reviewed on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of PGL. Primary gastric lymphoma is an event in the course of cancer with a variable clinical presentation and a wide differential diagnosis. Chronic gastritis secondary to Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori) infection has been considered a major predisposing factor for MALT lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography have helped in staging of these cancers. The clinical course and prognosis of this disease are dependent on histopathological subtype and stage at the time of diagnosis. A global therapeutic approach to the cure of PGL has completely changed over the past 10 years, including innovative and conservative options to reduce treatment toxicity. Due to the rarity of PGL, many aspects of this neoplasm are still controversial. The incidence of this disease is increasing, making it necessary for clinicians to understand the clinical symptoms, workup, and treatment of these lymphomas.
Human Stem Cell–Derived Models: Lessons for Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
Authors: Harschnitz Oliver
Published: May 2018

Autoimmunity of the peripheral and central nervous system is an important cause of disease and long-term neurological disability. Autoantibodies can target both intracellular and extracellular neuronal epitopes. Autoantibodies that target cell-surface epitopes infer pathogenicity through several distinct mechanisms, while patients often respond to immunotherapy. However, the underlying pathogenesis of these autoantibodies is yet to be fully understood. Human stem cell–based disease modeling, and the rise of induced pluripotent stem cell technology in particular, has revolutionized the fields of disease modeling and therapeutic screening for neurological disorders. These human disease models offer a unique platform in which to study autoimmunity of the nervous system. Here, we take an in-depth look at the possibilities that these models provide to study neuronal autoantibodies and their underlying pathogenesis.
Social Learning for Anticipatory Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence From a Community of Practice
Authors: Orsato Renato J. , Ferraz de Campos José Guilherme , Barakat Simone R.
Published: May 2018

The literature discussing social learning for Anticipatory Adaptation to Climate Change (AACC) has largely been developed at the societal level of analysis. However, how private companies build resilience and reduce damage to their private goods remains underexplored. Since climate change involves high levels of uncertainty and complexity, companies seeking to proactively adapt to climate change are required to search for specific and nontraditional knowledge. In order to contribute to this discussion, we investigated how a community of practice promotes social learning for AACC. We access the social learning emerging from the community of practice by developing a framework that can also be applied to other complex problems faced by companies. We found evidence of the centrality of social learning for the development of strategies and practices addressing grand corporate challenges, such as AACC. The results contribute to both the literature of social learning and the practice of sustainability management.
Interaction of DRD4 Methylation and Phthalate Metabolites Affects Continuous Performance Test Performance in ADHD
Authors: Kim Johanna Inhyang , Kim Jae-Won , Shin Inkyung , Kim Bung-Nyun
Published: May 2018

Objective: We investigated the interaction effect between the methylation of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and phthalate exposure in ADHD on continuous performance test (CPT) variables. Method: Urine concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) were tested. The methylation status was analyzed for CpG sites of DRD4. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the interaction effects of methylation and phthalate levels. Results: There was a significant interaction effect of the methylation of CpG26 and CpG28 with the MEHHP level on omission errors in ADHD patients, but not in controls. The post hoc analysis revealed a significant correlation between the MEHHP concentration and omission errors in the methylated group, but not in the unmethylated group. Conclusion: The interaction between the methylation status of CpG sites of DRD4, particularly CpG26 and CpG28, and phthalate metabolite levels affects the attention level in ADHD patients.
Effectiveness of a creative physical education intervention on elementary school students’ leisure-time physical activity motivation and overall physical activity in Finland
Authors: Kokkonen Juha , Yli-Piipari Sami , Kokkonen Marja , Quay John
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the effectiveness of a creative physical education (CPE) intervention on students’ perceptions of motivational climate in physical education (PE), leisure-time physical activity (PA) motivation, and overall PA. A sample of 382 fourth to sixth grade students ( Mage = 10.87[.93]) from two elementary schools were assigned to the CPE intervention ( n = 196; Mage = 10.84[.95]) and control ‘PE-as-usual’ ( n = 186; Mage = 10.90[.90]) groups. Students’ perceived task- and ego-supportive climate in PE, leisure-time PA motivation, and overall PA were measured before and after the one-year intervention. Analyses of covariance and path analyses were implemented to test the effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention had a positive effect on students’ perceptions of task-supportive climate in PE ( p < .001) and a negative effect on ego-supportive climate ( p < .001). Students’ perceptions of task-supportive climate had a positive effect on their leisure-time PA motivation ( p < .001), which, in turn, had a positive effect on their overall PA ( p < .001). The results suggest that CPE-based PE may increase students’ perceptions of task-supportive climate in PE, which predicts their later leisure-time PA motivation outside the school context and overall PA.
Life expectancy and comorbidities in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Droege Freya , Thangavelu Kruthika , Stuck Boris A , Stang Andreas , Lang Stephan , Geisthoff Urban
Published: May 2018

There are only a few published studies that demonstrate associations between life expectancy, severe comorbidities, and their complications in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Relatives of 73 deceased patients with suspected HHT completed a questionnaire about causes of death, and symptoms and comorbidities that the patients had developed. We compared the data for 55 cases where HHT had been clinically confirmed with the general population. Patients suffering from HHT lost, on average, 19 years (SD 11 years) of potential life compared to the general population. Among the deceased HHT patients, 35% (95% CI: 23–48%) died from sepsis, 26% (95% CI: 16–38%) from cardiac failure, 20% (95% CI: 9–28%) from a severe bleeding episode, and 13% (95% CI: 6–24%) from terminal cancer. Congestive heart failure (69%, 95% CI: 56–80%) and pulmonary hypertension (23%, 95% CI: 14–36%) were the main non-fatal comorbidities in patients with HHT. Patients with HHT appear to have a lower life expectancy than the general population. Sepsis and cardiac failure were the main causes of death. Optimized and targeted screening programs for the most frequent comorbidities followed by improved management of infectious complications may increase life expectancy.
Mindfulness-based group therapy: Impact on psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents
Authors: Sams Deanna P , Handley Elizabeth D , Alpert-Gillis Linda J
Published: May 2018

The practice of mindfulness has long been incorporated into psychotherapy. Research on the therapeutic benefits of mindfulness exists within adult populations, and emerging empirical evidence demonstrates the benefit of such practices in the treatment of adolescents in both clinical and non-clinical settings. However, there are extremely limited data on the practice of mindfulness with adolescents in a psychiatric hospital. The iMatter ( Improve Mindful ATTention, Enhance Relaxation) group is a manualized program developed to provide adolescents on a short-term psychiatric inpatient unit with an opportunity to learn and practice relaxation strategies, mindfulness exercises, and simple yoga poses. Mindfulness skills are taught in the context of the group and include self-observation of thoughts and feelings, breathing exercises, self-validation of one’s experience, loving-kindness toward self, non-judgmental stance toward self, and acceptance and observation of change within self. Participants included 65 adolescents aged 13–17 years ( M = 15.06, standard deviation ( SD) = 1.34) who took part in at least one session of the iMatter intervention. Improvements in self-reported mood were evident following participation in a mindfulness group. Also, participants’ heart rate significantly decreased following participation in two groups. Future directions include improved integration of mindfulness into the milieu and other unit programming. Furthermore, comparing self-reported mood and physiological measures from this sample to findings obtained for other unit groups will further clarify the impact of the iMatter intervention.
Preschool teachers as undercover agents within the figured world of public school
Authors: Sisson Jamie Huff
Published: May 2018

This article explores the lived and sometimes clandestine professional experiences of early childhood teachers who exist within contexts where dominant discourses of professional are competing with teacher’s own understandings of their professional identities. Cultural models theory is used to shed light on the secrete and undercover work of public preschool teachers as they resist the prevailing managerial discourse and assert their understandings of their professional identities behind the closed doors of their classrooms.
Aero-thermodynamic and chemical process interactions in an axial high-pressure turbine of aircraft engines
Authors: Nguyen Trung Hieu , Nguyen-Tri Phuong , Vancassel Xavier , Garnier Francois
Published: May 2018

Precise investigation of aero-thermodynamic and chemical processes relating to environmental precursor pollutants in an aircraft turbine is challenging because of the complexity of transformation processes at high temperature and high pressure. We present here, for the first time, new insights into the study of aero-thermodynamic processes, formation of nitrate and sulfate aerosol precursors, and investigate the influence of chemical processes on aero-thermodynamics. We also shed light on the effect of three-dimensional blade profile, radial spacing, and rotor speed on the performance of a high-pressure turbine. We highlight that flow vortex and the variation of chemical formation which appear in both rear stator blades and rear rotor blades. We found that the chemical processes were affected by the evolution of temperature (maximum of 16.9%) and flow velocity (maximum of 38.8%). Contrary to the conservative one-dimensional and two-dimensional modeling, which provide only the flow trends and flow evolution at cylindrical surface, respectively, our three-dimensional modeling approach offers the possibility of combining information on radial spacing and rotor-speed effect by providing three-dimensional images of spatial-geometry effect on aero-thermodynamic and chemical processes. Quantitatively, the magnitude of change in aero-thermodynamics and nitrogen oxidation may be expected to be up to 17% and 48%, respectively, over a stage of the high-pressure turbine.
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Use Among Indigenous Cancer Patients in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gall Alana , Leske Stuart , Adams Jon , Matthews Veronica , Anderson Kate , Lawler Sheleigh , Garvey Gail
Published: May 2018

Background: Cancer ‘patients’ are increasingly using traditional indigenous and complementary medicines (T&CM) alongside conventional medical treatments to both cure and cope with their cancer diagnoses. To date T&CM use among Indigenous cancer patients from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States has not been systematically reviewed. Methods: We systematically searched bibliographic databases to identify original research published between January 2000 and October 2017 regarding T&CM use by Indigenous cancer patients in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Data from records meeting eligibility criteria were extracted and appraised for quality by 2 independent reviewers. Results: Twenty-one journal articles from 18 studies across all 4 countries met our inclusion criteria. T&CM use ranged from 19% to 57.7% (differing across countries). T&CM was mostly used concurrently with conventional cancer treatments to meet their spiritual, emotional, social, and cultural needs; however, bush, traditional, and herbal medicines were used in a minority of cases as an alternative. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of T&CM use to Indigenous cancer patients across these 4 countries; we identified multiple perceived spiritual, emotional and cultural benefits to its use. The patient’s perception of their health professional’s attitudes toward T&CM in some cases hindered or encouraged the patient’s disclosure. Additional research is required to further explore the use and disclosure of T&CM among Indigenous cancer patients to help inform and ensure effective, safe, coordinated care for Indigenous cancer patients that relies on shared open decision making and communication across patients, communities, and providers.
Adaptation of the Contraceptive Behavior Scale for Mexican Heterosexual Populations
Authors: Arias María Luisa Flores , Champion Jane Dimmitt , Soto Norma Elva Sáenz , Navarro Vianet Nava , Caudillo Ortega Lucia
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

The Contraceptive Behavior Scale requires adaptation for use by health professionals among Mexican heterosexual populations of reproductive age.

Methods:

Cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational design assessed adaptation of the Contraceptive Behavior Scale.

Results:

Six hundred Mexican men and women of reproductive age (18-35 years) were recruited from a second-level health care unit in a metropolitan area in Mexico. Exploratory factor analysis identified two factors with an explanatory variance of 69.238%. Confirmatory factor analysis identified acceptable index values. Cronbach alpha of .729 obtained for the scale was acceptable. Significant correlation ( p = .007) was observed between Contraceptive Conduct and participant gender. Component 1 constituted Items 1, 2, and 4, while Component 2 consisted of Items 3 and 5. No items were eliminated as adequate factorial saturation was present.

Conclusions:

The Contraceptive Conduct Scale is a reliable assessment tool for Mexican men and women of reproductive age. This scale is potentially useful for health professionals to assess contraceptive behavior in heterosexual couples of reproductive age. Clinicians may use the tool to obtain information for development of strategies responding to sexual and reproductive health needs of both men and women.
Karl Ludloff (1864-1945): An Inventive Orthopedic Surgeon, His Work and His Surgical Technique for the Correction of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Markatos Konstantinos , Karaoglanis Georgios , Damaskos Christos , Garmpis Nikolaos , Tsourouflis Gerasimos , Laios Konstantinos , Tsoucalas Gregory
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this article is to summarize the work and pioneering achievements in the field of orthopedic surgery of the German orthopedic surgeon Karl Ludloff. Ludloff had an impact in the diagnostics, physical examination, orthopedic imaging, and orthopedic surgical technique of his era. He was a pioneer in the surgical treatment of dysplastic hip, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and hallux valgus. His surgical technique for the correction of hallux valgus, initially stabilized with plaster of Paris, remained unpopular among other orthopedic surgeons for decades. In the 1990s, the advent and use of improved orthopedic materials for fixation attracted the interest of numerous orthopedic surgeons in the Ludloff osteotomy for its ability to correct the deformity in all 3 dimensions, its anatomic outcomes, and its low recurrence rate and patient satisfaction.
Tacit assumptions of citizenship education: A case study in Spanish initial teacher education
Authors: Estelles Marta , Romero Jesús
Published: May 2018

Current curricula, which organize initial teacher education programs, include, among their stated purposes, preparing teachers to help their future students to grow as global, participatory, and ethically engaged citizens. However, we know little about how teacher educators prepare their students to be citizens. This article analyses how a group of teacher educators from a public university in Spain understand citizenship education, exploring the net of metaphors and idealized visions they seem to share, regardless of their formal conceptualizations. The discussion of the findings considers the implicit hierarchies of these shared assumptions that define what is deemed as real, desirable, and possible in citizenship education. Implications for teacher education are also contemplated.
Self-bias and the emotionality of foreign languages
Authors: Ivaz Lela , Griffin Kim L , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni
Published: May 2018

Foreign language contexts impose a relative psychological and emotional distance in bilinguals. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the use of a foreign language changes the strength of the seemingly automatic emotional responses in the self-paradigm, showing a robust asymmetry in the self-bias effect in a native and a foreign language context. Namely, larger effects were found in the native language, suggesting an emotional blunting in the foreign language context. In the present study, we investigated the source of these effects by directly comparing whether they stem from a language’s foreignness versus its non-nativeness. We employed the same self-paradigm (a simple perceptual matching task of associating simple geometric shapes with the labels “you,” “friend,” and “other”), testing unbalanced Spanish–Basque–English trilinguals. We applied the paradigm to three language contexts: native, non-native but contextually present (i.e., non-native local), and non-native foreign. Results showed a smaller self-bias only in the foreign language pointing to the foreign-language-induced psychological/emotional distance as the necessary prerequisite for foreign language effects. Furthermore, we explored whether perceived emotional distance towards foreign languages in Spanish–English bilinguals modulates foreign language effects. Results suggest that none of the different indices of emotional distance towards the foreign language obtained via questionnaires modulated the self-biases in the foreign language contexts. Our results further elucidate the deeply rooted and automatic nature of foreign-language-driven differential emotional processing.
Can we expand the borders in active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer?
Authors: Islamoglu Ekrem , Kisa Erdem , Yucel Cem , Celik Orcun , Cakmak Ozgur , Yalbuzdag Okan , Kozacıoglu Zafer
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

We assessed the outcomes of men with low-risk prostate cancer enrolled in active surveillance.

Methods:

From January 2008, patients in our clinic who were classified as having low-risk prostate cancer according to the D’Amico classification were included in the protocol. Follow-up consisted of regular prostate-specific antigen tests, digital rectal examinations and biopsies. Outcomes were compared between men who progressed and those who did not, and survival analysis was obtained.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was 46 months. A total of six patients received curative treatment during follow-up as a result of meeting progression criteria. The mean follow-up time from the beginning of active surveillance until curative therapy was 27.1 months. Four of our 64 patients lost their lives due to diseases other than prostate cancer, none of the patients were lost due to prostate cancer. When patients who showed progression and those who did not were compared in terms of positive core numbers and the core tumour percentage we found no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05)

Conclusion:

Active surveillance seems to be a safe and feasible practice in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Gleason score, clinical stage and initial prostate-specific antigen seem to be the most definite criteria for the selection of patients, while it is thought that the number of positive cores is a matter that can be dealt with more flexibility.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Vitamin D Insufficiency Among Professional Basketball Players: A Relationship to Fracture Risk and Athletic Performance
Authors: Grieshober Jason A. , Mehran Nima , Photopolous Christos , Fishman Matthew , Lombardo Stephen J. , Kharrazi F. Daniel
Published: May 2018

Background:

Vitamin D is believed to play a role in influencing fracture risk and athletic performance. Insufficiency of vitamin D affects an estimated three-quarters of the United States population. Hypovitaminosis D has also been demonstrated to be quite common among professional basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

Purpose:

To determine whether a relationship exists between vitamin D levels and fracture risk and athletic performance (as measured by NBA draft status) among elite basketball players.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the NBA regarding combine participants from 2009 through 2013. This information included vitamin D level, demographic information, fracture history, and NBA draft status. The data were analyzed to determine associations between vitamin D level and fracture risk and NBA draft status.

Results:

Vitamin D levels were measured for 279 players at the NBA Combine from 2009 through 2013. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was seen in 32.3% of athletes, vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) was seen in 41.2%, and sufficient levels of vitamin D (>30 ng/mL) were present in only 26.5%. A total of 118 players had a history of at least 1 fracture. Vitamin D level was not predictive of fracture risk. Contrary to our hypothesis, players with a history of stress fracture had a significantly greater mean vitamin D level than those without such history (30.7 vs 25.1 ng/mL; P = .04). A majority (79.6%) of participants were selected in the NBA draft. Players with deficient vitamin D levels had a significantly lower rate of being drafted into the NBA ( P = .027). The NBA draft rate was found to increase with increasing levels of vitamin D ( P = .007).

Conclusion:

Hypovitaminosis D is quite common among NBA Combine participants, affecting 73.5%. While no significant relationship was found between vitamin D level and fracture history, patients with a history of stress fracture had significantly greater mean vitamin D levels. Additionally, participants with greater vitamin D levels were more likely to be drafted into the NBA. This information supports the potential role of vitamin D in influencing athletic performance.
Application of In-Group Identification to Organizations: A Study of the Impact of Self-Investment and Self-Definition on Key Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Snyder Jason L. , Cistulli Mark D.
Published: May 2018

This study looks at the association of the two-dimensional measure of in-group identification on key organizational outcomes. In-group identification has been used in social psychology research on social stereotyping, but has never been used in an organizational setting. In-group identification’s two dimensions—self-investment and self-definition—were predicted to influence relational quality, satisfaction with communication received, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Given its affective underpinnings, self-investment was hypothesized to have a larger influence on the outcomes than self-definition. An online survey of 302 full- and part-time employees was conducted. Results largely confirmed the hypotheses, with self-investment having the significantly larger influence on supervisor relational quality, top-management relational quality, satisfaction with communication received, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Managerial and organizational implications are discussed.
Race and the Empire-state: Puerto Ricans’ Unequal U.S. Citizenship
Authors: Valle Ariana J.
Published: May 2018

Contemporary theorizing regarding citizenship emphasizes the legal and social significance of citizenship status. Citizenship awards individuals a formal status and exclusive rights while also granting them membership into a national community. This study investigates tenets of liberal citizenship by examining the meaning of U.S. citizenship for Puerto Ricans. Drawing on 98 in-depth interviews with Puerto Ricans in Orlando, Florida, this study finds incongruences between theoretical understandings of citizenship and the experience of citizenship on the ground. Specifically, respondents define U.S. citizenship as a formal status and a set of rights; however, they express that their U.S. citizen status does not grant them membership into the American community. This study captures incompatibilities between legal and social dimensions of citizenship. I argue Puerto Ricans’ understandings of and experiences with U.S. citizenship stem from (1) the state’s marking Puerto Rico (as a place) and Puerto Ricans (as a people) as different and inferior and (2) racialization processes that conflate Latino with foreign and racial other. I advance the argument here that Puerto Ricans have a colonial/racialized citizenship constituted by unequal citizen status, differentiated citizen rights, and exclusion from the American national imaginary. As such, this study highlights the stratified structure of the institution of U.S. citizenship.
Institutionalizing Transparency
Authors: Freese Jeremy , King Molly M.
Published: May 2018

Concerns about the credibility of social science have increased calls for more transparency, but many academic incentives undermine individual efforts. Institutional changes are needed to substantially transform conventional practices. The authors present a series of specific actions that can be taken by different actors in social science knowledge production: journals, reviewers, professional organizations, teachers, universities and departments, funding sources, and data providers.
New minerals with modular structure derived from hatrurite from the pyrometamorphic rocks. Part IV: Dargaite, BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3, from Nahal Darga, Palestinian Autonomy
Authors: Galuskina Irina O. , Gfeller Frank , Galuskin Evgeny V. , Armbruster Thomas , Vapnik Yevgeny , Dulski Mateusz , Gardocki Mariusz , Jeżak Lidia , Murashko Mikhail
Published: May 2018

Dargaite, ideally BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3, is an additional member of the arctite group belonging to minerals with a modular intercalated antiperovskite structure derived from hatrurite. The holotype specimen was found at a small outcrop of larnite pseudoconglomerates in the Judean Mts, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy. Larnite, fluorellestadite–fluorapatite, brownmillerite, fluormayenite–fluorkyuygenite and ye'elimite are the main minerals of the holotype specimen; ternesite, shulamitite and periclase are noted rarely. Dargaite, nabimusaite and gazeevite occur in linear zones with higher porosity within larnite rocks. Pores are filled with ettringite and Ca-hydrosilicates, less commonly with gibbsite, brucite, baryte, katoite and calciolangbeinite. Dargaite is colourless, transparent with a white streak and has a vitreous lustre. It exhibits pronounced parting and imperfect cleavage along (001). Mohs’ hardness is ~4.5–5.5. The empirical formula is (Ba0.72K0.24Na0.04)Σ1(Ca11.95Mg0.04Na0.01)Σ12([SiO4]0.91[PO4]0.05[AlO4]0.03[Ti4+O4]0.01)Σ4([SO4]0.84[PO4]0.14[CO3]0.02)Σ2(O2.54F0.46)Σ3. Dargaite is trigonalR$\overline 3 $m, the unit-cell parameters are:a= 7.1874(4) Å,c= 41.292(3) Å,V= 1847.32(19) Å3andZ= 3. The crystal structure of dargaite was refined from X-ray single-crystal data toR1= 3.79%. The calculated density is 3.235 g cm–3. The following main Raman bands are distinguished on the holotype dargaite (cm–1): 122, 263, 323, 464, 523, 563, 641 and 644, 829 and 869, 947, 991 and 1116. The formation conditions of dargaite are linked to the local occurrence of pyrometamorphic by-products (gases, fluids and melts) transforming earlier mineral associations at ~900°C.
Identification of key lipids critical for platelet activation by comprehensive analysis of the platelet lipidome
Authors: Peng Bing , Geue Sascha , Coman Cristina , Münzer Patrick , Kopczynski Dominik , Has Canan , Hoffmann Nils , Manke Mailin-Christin , Lang Florian , Sickmann Albert , Gawaz Meinrad , Borst Oliver , Ahrends Robert
Published: May 2018

Key Points

First quantitative analysis of dynamic platelet lipidome modulation reveals key lipids altered in platelet activation. Lipidomics in a knockout approach unravel SMPD1 as a powerful modulator of platelet lipidome and activation via regulation of SPC.
Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of severe burn patients: results of a retrospective multicenter study in China, 2011–2015
Authors: Tian Hao , Wang Liangxi , Xie Weiguo , Shen Chuanan , Guo Guanghua , Liu Jiaqi , Han Chunmao , Ren Licheng , Liang Yi , Tang Yong , Wang Yuan , Yin Meifang , Zhang Jiaping , Huang Yuesheng
Published: May 2018

Background

Severe burns injury is a serious pathology, leading to teratogenicity and significant mortality, and it also has a long-term social impact. The aim of this article is to describe the hospitalized population with severe burns injuries in eight burn centers in China between 2011 and 2015 and to suggest future preventive strategies.

Methods

This 5-year retrospective review included all patients with severe burns in a database at eight institutions. The data collected included gender, age, month distribution, etiology, location, presence of inhalation injury, total burn surface area, depth of the burn, the length of hospitalization, and mortality. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 1126 patients were included: 803 (71.3%) male patients and 323 (28.7%) female patients. Scalds were the most common cause of burns (476, 42.27%), followed by fire (457, 40.59%). The extremities were the most frequently affected areas, followed by the trunk. The median length of hospitalization was 30 (15, 52) days. The overall mortality rate was 14.21%.

Conclusions

Although medical centers have devoted intensive resources to improving the survival rates of burn patients, expenditures for prevention and education programs are minimal. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the importance of prevention and the reduction of injury severity. This study may contribute to the establishment of a nationwide burn database and the elaboration of strategies to prevent severe burns injury.
Nonlinear Beam-Based Modeling of RC Columns Including the Effect of Reinforcing-Bar Buckling and Rupture
Authors: Girgin Sadik Can , Moharrami Mohammadreza , Koutromanos Ioannis
Published: May 2018

This study presents a beam-based modeling approach for the analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frame members under cyclic loads that can capture the effect of inelastic buckling and rupture of reinforcing steel bars. The approach uses force-based elements with a fiber-section model and a corotational formulation to account for the geometric nonlinearity effect on the response of columns. A recently proposed phenomenological uniaxial model for steel reinforcement, capable of simulating inelastic buckling and rupture due to low-cycle fatigue, is used for the reinforcing steel fibers. Numerical simulation models also account for strain penetration effects in the analyses. The modeling approach is validated with the results of experimental tests on RC columns under cyclic loads. A sensitivity study is also pursued to elucidate the impact of bar buckling and strain penetration on the analytical results.
Eighty routes to a ribonucleotide world; dispersion and stringency in the decisive selection
Authors: Yarus Michael
Published: May 2018

We examine the initial emergence of genetics; that is, of an inherited chemical capability. The crucial actors are ribonucleotides, occasionally meeting in a prebiotic landscape. Previous work identified six influential variables during such random ribonucleotide pooling. Geochemical pools can be in periodic danger (e.g., from tides) or constant danger (e.g., from unfavorable weather). Such pools receive Gaussian nucleotide amounts sporadically, at random times, or get varying substrates simultaneously. Pools use cross-templated RNA synthesis (5′–5′ product from 5′–3′ template) or para-templated (5′–5′ product from 5′–5′ template) synthesis. Pools can undergo mild or strong selection, and be recently initiated (early) or late in age. Considering >80 combinations of these variables, selection calculations identify a superior route. Most likely, an early, sporadically fed, cross-templating pool in constant danger, receiving ≥1 mM nucleotides while under strong selection for a coenzyme-like product, will host selection of the first encoded biochemical functions. Predominantly templated products emerge from a critical event, the starting bloc selection, which exploits inevitable differences among early pools. Favorable selection has a simple rationale; it is increased by product dispersion (SD/mean), by selection intensity (mild or strong), or by combining these factors as stringency, reciprocal fraction of pools selected (1/sfsel). To summarize: chance utility, acting via a preference for disperse, templated coenzyme-like dinucleotides, uses stringent starting bloc selection to quickly establish majority encoded/genetic expression. Despite its computational origin, starting bloc selection is largely independent of specialized assumptions. This ribodinucleotide route to inheritance may also have facilitated 5′–3′ chemical RNA replication.
A closed system irrigation & drainage technique for surgical evacuation of chronic subdural haematomas
Authors: Kareem Haider , Adams Hadie
Published: May 2018

Background: Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH), is a common neurosurgical disorder that is associated with morbidity and mortality affecting the ageing population. The aim is to present the treatment experience of CSDH patients treated with a technique that combines the classical single burr-hole irrigation and the continuous closed system drainage: The closed system irrigation & drainage (CSID) technique.

Methods: The cases undergoing CSDH evacuation with the CSID method were captured over a 4-year period at a tertiary neurosurgical centre. The authors describe the performance of this methods with respect to post-operative clinical and radiological features, including recurrence rates, complications, and length of stay.

Results: A total of 36 cases undergoing 42 CSID procedures (30 unilateral and 6 bilateral CSDHs) were performed, in cases ranging between 55-95 years old (median age 79 years). The rate of recurrence or significant ruminant blood in the subdural space on post-operative imaging was 11% (n=4). No cases of pneumocephalus were observed in this series (n=0). The mean (SD) skin-to-skin time for this procedure was 13.4 (4.4) minutes, with a mean (SD) length of stay of 4 (1.9) days.

Conclusion: We conclude that the one burr-hole closed system irrigation and drainage technique with a sub-periosteal drain seems to be a simple, effective and safe procedure for treatment of CSDH. It’s well tolerated under local anaesthesia for patients with high co-morbidities and these preliminary results indicated it may potentially be a better option for treatment of CSDH with a lower rate of post-operative complications.
Trends and birth outcomes in adolescent refugees and migrants on the Thailand-Myanmar border, 1986-2016: an observational study
Authors: Parker Amber L. , Parker Daniel M. , Zan Blooming Night , Min Aung Myat , Gilder Mary Ellen , Ringringulu Maxime , Win Elsi , Wiladphaingern Jacher , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Nosten François , Lee Sue J. , McGready Rose
Published: May 2018

Background: Currently there are more adolescents (10-19 years old) and young adults (20-24 years old) than ever. Reproductive health among this age group is often overlooked, although it can have a profound impact on the future. This is especially the case in conflict zones and refugee settings, where there is a heightened need for reproductive health care, and where both the resources and possibility for data collation are usually limited.

Methods: Here we report on pregnancies, birth outcomes and risk factors for repeat pregnancies among adolescent and young adult refugees and migrants from antenatal clinics on the Thailand-Myanmar border across a 30 year time span.

Results: Pregnancy and fertility rates were persistently high. Compared with 20-24-year-olds, 15-19-year-olds who reported being unable to read had 2.35 (CI: 1.97 – 2.81) times the odds for repeat pregnancy (gravidity >2). In primigravidae, the proportion of small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm births (PTB), and neonatal deaths (NND) decreased with increasing maternal age (all p <0.001). After adjustment, this association retained significance for PTB (cut-off point, ≤18 years) but not for SGA and NND.

Conclusions: There is considerable room for improvement in adolescent pregnancy rates in these border populations, and educational opportunities may play a key role in effective interventions.
Multiperiod Stock Allocation via Robust Optimization
Authors: Jackson Peter L. , Muckstadt John A. , Li Yuexing
Published: May 2018

We consider a one-warehouse, N-retailer, multiperiod, stock allocation problem in which holding costs are identical at each location and no stock is received from outside suppliers for the duration of the planning horizon. No shipments are allowed between retailers. The only motive for holding inventory at the central warehouse for allocation in future periods is the so-called risk pooling motive. We apply robust optimization to this problem extending the inventory policy to allow for an adaptive, nonanticipatory shipment policy. We consider two alternatives for the uncertainty set, one in which risk pooling is implicit and another for which risk pooling is explicit. The explicit risk pooling uncertainty set grows by no more than the square of the number of retailers. The general problem can be solved using Benders’ decomposition. A special case gives rise to closed-form solutions for both uncertainty set alternatives. The explicit risk pooling uncertainty set leads to a square root law in which the optimal stock to reserve at the central warehouse grows with the square root of the number of retailers. The experimental results confirm the value of the robust optimization approach and provide managerial insights into the operation of such systems.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Dossiê Psicanálise
Authors: Soares Adriana Benevides , Tsallis Alexandra Cleopatre , Mendes Deise Maria Fernandes , Valentim Renata Patrícia Forain de , Barros Rita Maria Manso de
Published: May 2018

Dossiê PsicanáliseA psicanálise e a clínica do mal-estar na contemporaneidade
Da extimidade da Psicanálise e seu lugar na polis
Authors: Manso Rita , Jorge Marco Antonio Coutinho , Alberti Sonia
Published: May 2018

Este artigo desenvolve considerações acerca do ensino e da pesquisa em Psicanálise na Universidade. A existência da Psicanálise de orientação lacaniana na América Latina tornou-se cada vez mais forte, seja por sua contínua atividade formadora nas escolas de Psicanálise, seja por sua intensa produção editorial e também pela sua numerosa presença na Universidade – como o lugar onde os diferentes saberes são confrontados. Considerando que toda pesquisa no campo da Psicanálise é clínica, e toda clínica em Psicanálise é do mal-estar, é essa a crucial noção para entender que há sempre um real em jogo, impossível de simbolizar, e isso é de estrutura. Tendo sido criada por um desejo de Freud de ajudar a diminuir a dor da alma, em sua proposta de troca do sofrimento neurótico pela infelicidade banal, o artigo pretende verificar o lugar da Psicanálise na Universidade a partir de seu trabalho sobre os restos deixados de lado pela ciência moderna que, ao mesmo tempo, cria a condição de possibilidade para sua existência. Considera-se a Psicanálise filha da ciência moderna, mas uma filha bastarda, ao mesmo tempo íntima e estranha, que lida com os dejetos dela, a ciência. Tendo a ciência excluído o sujeito de seu campo, é à Psicanálise quem cabe acolhê-lo em seu mal-estar.
O Mestre e o Psicanalista: tecendo laços nas políticas públicas
Authors: Nicolau Roseane Freitas , Calazans Roberto
Published: May 2018

A inserção do discurso psicanalítico nas instituições públicas de saúde gera alguns impasses técnicos e éticos ao confrontar a singularidade do “cada um”, buscada pela psicanálise com a assistência à saúde regida por políticas públicas de atenção e de cuidados aplicados “para todos” os usuários de determinadas categorias. Isso tem levado muitos psicanalistas a se questionarem sobre pontos importantes dessa experiência, como o lugar do sujeito nos serviços de saúde, cuja emergência fica subsumida pelo discurso do mestre, que estrutura os laços institucionais. Como manter a especificidade da práxis psicanalítica no contexto institucional, em que laços são estruturados pelo discurso do mestre? Como se dão os encontros e desencontros entre os discursos do mestre e do psicanalista? A Psicanálise, consoante a orientação freudo-lacaniana, responde a esses problemas levando em consideração a particularidade do discurso do psicanalista e o tratamento do sujeito do inconsciente a partir daquilo que Lacan chamou de Psicanálise aplicada à terapêutica, o que torna possível a inserção da Psicanálise na instituição.
Para pensar as compulsões contemporâneas: um estudo sobre privação e ideal do eu em Lacan
Authors: Quintella Rogério
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo, tomamos como objeto aprofundado de estudo a relação entre a privação e o ideal do eu, demonstrando-se que a primeira é a mola do segundo, a fim de se pensar as compulsões contemporâneas. Nelas o objeto simbólico, correspondente à privação, perde valor em privilégio do objeto real, trabalhado por J. Lacan. Esta análise parte dos constructos psicanalíticos de Freud e Lacan, bem como da ideia de queda dos ideais que aparece em autores contemporâneos como Zizek, Miller e outros. Demonstra-se aqui uma relação específica entre a privação e as psicopatologias da atualidade, especialmente as compulsões.