bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial multi-omics analysis of the microenvironment in traumatic spinal cord injury: a narrative review
Authors: Peng Run , Zhang Liang , Xie Yongqi , Guo Shuang , Cao Xinqi , Yang Mingliang
Published: August 2024

Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a severe injury to the central nervous system that is categorized into primary and secondary injuries. Among them, the local microenvironmental imbalance in the spinal cord caused by secondary spinal cord injury includes accumulation of cytokines and chemokines, reduced angiogenesis, dysregulation of cellular energy metabolism, and dysfunction of immune cells at the site of injury, which severely impedes neurological recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI). In recent years, single-cell techniques have revealed the heterogeneity of multiple immune cells at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels after tSCI, further deepening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tSCI. However, spatial information about the tSCI microenvironment, such as cell location and cell-cell interactions, is lost in these approaches. The application of spatial multi-omics technology can solve this problem by combining the data obtained from immunohistochemistry and multiparametric analysis to reveal the changes in the microenvironment at different times of secondary injury after SCI. In this review, we systematically review the progress of spatial multi-omics techniques in the study of the microenvironment after SCI, including changes in the immune microenvironment and discuss potential future therapeutic strategies.
Multimodal optical imaging of iris flocculi in three consecutive generations: a case report
Authors: Jiang Anna , Liang Licong , She Kaiqin , Lu Fang
Published: August 2024

Background

Multiple pigmented epithelial cysts at the edge of pupils, that is, iris flocculi, in both eyes, are rare ocular diseases. It has been demonstrated that this disease can be attributed to mutations in the smooth muscle α-actin 2 (ACTA2) gene, which mainly affects the function of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). SMCs are components of the iris, aorta, and several other systemic organs. In addition, iris flocculi are strongly correlated with familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD), which is caused by the mutation of amino acid 149 in the ACTA2 gene.

Case description

A 6-month-old Chinese boy was found to have iris flocculi during ocular fundus screening for premature infants. His mother, a 30-year-old Chinese woman with a history of aortic dissection, underwent an ophthalmic examination and was found to have iris flocculi. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous c.445C > T (p. Arg149Cys) mutation in ACTA2 in both the boy and his mother. After his family history was traced, the boy’s grandfather was diagnosed with similar iris flocculi. Due to the absence of any ocular complications caused by iris flocculi in the cases, no special treatment was given, and regular follow-up was recommended.

Conclusion

We reported one case of familial iris flocculi caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in ACTA2 (p. Arg149Cys) and presented multimodal optical images of both the iris and fundus in three consecutive generations. This case report enriched the clinical features of retinal vasculature and macula associated with the mutation in the amino acid 149 of the ACTA2 gene.
Professional identity and its associated psychosocial factors among physicians from standardized residency training programs in China: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeng Zixuan , Lu Zhanghong , Zeng Xiaoping , Gan Yong , Jiang Jiahui , Chen You , Huang Lei
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Shortage and high turnover intention rate of physicians are concerning problems in China. Professional identity has been shown as an influential factor for physicians’ turnover intention. Enhancing physicians’ professional identity in their early phase of career, standardized residency training program (SRTP), may help reduce the turnover rate. This study aimed to investigate the current status of professional identity and explore its associated psychosocial factors among Chinese SRTP trainees, hoping to provide evidence in strengthening the available medical human resources in China.

Methods

The final sample was comprised of 2,267 Chinese SRTP trainees in this cross-sectional survey conducted from 9 March to 20 March in 2023. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Bivariate analyses and hierarchical multiple linear regression were used to analyze potential associated factors of Chinese SRTP trainees’ professional identity.

Results

The average score of respondents’ professional identity was 47.68 (standard deviation, SD = 8.61). Results from hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that being married (β = 0.066, p < 0.01), having work experience before SRTP (β = 0.036, p < 0.05), being satisfied with annual income (β = 0.062, p < 0.01), psychological distress (β = −0.144, p < 0.001), depersonalization (β = −0.053, p < 0.05), emotional exhaustion (β = −0.380, p < 0.001) and resilience (β = 0.169, p < 0.001) were associated with professional identity (F = 114.301, p < 0.001). All associated factors can explain 41.1% of the variance in professional identity, and individual psychological variables make up a substantial portion (28.6%) of this influence.

Discussion

Individual psychological variables are strongly associated with professional identity. Helping SRTP trainees reduce psychological distress, alleviate burnout and enhance resilience may be effective ways to promote the formation of their professional identity.
Influencing factors on the quality of recovery after total knee arthroplasty: development of a predictive model
Authors: Shan Sen , Shi Qingpeng , Zhang Hengyuan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely performed procedure that significantly benefits patients with severe knee degeneration. However, the recovery outcomes post-surgery can vary significantly among patients. Identifying the factors influencing these outcomes is crucial for improving patient care and satisfaction.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analyzed 362 TKA cases performed between January 1, 2018, and July 1, 2022. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify key predictors of recovery within the first year after surgery.

Results

The analysis revealed that Body Mass Index (BMI), age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aCCI), sleep quality, Bone Mineral Density (BMD), and analgesic efficacy were significant predictors of poor recovery (p < 0.05). These predictors were used to develop a clinical prediction model, which demonstrated strong predictive ability with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.802. The model was internally validated.

Discussion

The findings suggest that personalized postoperative care and tailored rehabilitation programs based on these predictors could enhance recovery outcomes and increase patient satisfaction following TKA.
The work experiences and career development expectations of Chinese respiratory therapists: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Cheng Pengfei , Yu Hangqing , Zhou Niya , Lan Meijuan
Published: August 2024

Background

Respiratory therapists (RTs) play a vital role in healthcare, specializing in the treatment and management of heart and lung conditions, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the importance of RTs, little attention has been paid to RTs in the Chinese health system. This study aimed to understand and describe the work experiences and career development expectations of RTs in China.

Methods

This study utilized a qualitative research design and conducted semi-structured, in-depth, audio-recorded interviews with 16 RTs aged 28–40 years, purposively selected from six regions in mainland China from May to June 2024. Qualitative thematic content analysis was conducted to identify and group the themes that emerged from the discourse. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Four key themes were identified: (1) “Complex Career Motivation” delves into the career trajectories and role adaptations of RTs; (2) “Positive Career Feedback” explores feelings of job satisfaction and career accomplishments; (3) “Uncertain Career Predicament” sheds light on the negative impact of multidimensional career challenges; (4) “Demand-Driven Future Outlook” reflects RTs’ urgent expectations for professional advancement.

Conclusion

The barriers and facilitators in the professional journey of Chinese RTs maintain a fragile balance, and the future development of the profession may determine whether they can persist in their careers. Healthcare managers and leaders should pay attention to the real needs of RTs, enhance their professional confidence, and adopt effective coping strategies to avoid the loss of human resources and promote the development of the professional team.
Tracking the microbial communities from the farm to the processing facility of a washed-rind cheese operation
Authors: Wilson Tara , Siddiqi Myra , Xi Yueqi , LaPointe Gisèle
Published: August 2024

Milk residue and the accompanying biofilm accumulation in milking systems can compromise the microbial quality of milk and the downstream processes of cheese production. Over a six-month study, the microbial ecosystems of milk (n = 24), tap water (n = 24) and environmental swabs (n = 384) were cultured by plating decimal dilutions to obtain viable counts of total aerobic mesophilic lactose-utilizing bacteria (lactose-M17), lactic acid bacteria (MRS), yeasts and molds (Yeast, Glucose, Chloramphenicol (YGC) medium). Viable aerobic lactose-M17 plate counts of milk remained well below 4.7 log CFU/ml over five of the months, except for 1 week in November where milk at the facility exceeded 5 log CFU/ml. Swab samples of the farm milking equipment showed consistent viable counts after sanitation, while the bulk tank swabs contained the lowest counts. Viable counts from swabs of the facility were generally below the detection limit in the majority of samples with occasional residual contamination on some food contact surfaces. Extracted DNA was amplified using primers targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and the amplicons were sequenced by MiSeq to determine the shared microbiota between the farm and the processing facility (8 genera). Culture independent analysis of bacterial taxa in milk, water and residual contamination after sanitation with swab samples revealed the shared and distinct microbiota between the sample types of both facilities. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the microbiota of milk samples had lower diversity than water or environmental swabs (279 ASVs compared to 3,444 in water and 8,747 in environmental swabs). Brevibacterium and Yaniella (both Actinomycetota) were observed in all sampling types. Further studies will include whole genome sequencing of Brevibacterium spp. isolates to determine their functionality and diversity within the system.
Toxicity of gold nanoparticles complicated by the co-existence multiscale plastics
Authors: Zhang Lan , Ma Yuyang , Wei Zhiliang , Wang Luyang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed as treatment materials for various diseases and shown magnificent potential. By contrast to the broad toxicological studies on the single exposure (AuNPs), how the other health risks modulate the toxicological profile of AuNPs remains to be investigated. Plastics are among the most common health risks in daily life due to the broad utilization of plastic products. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to reveal the toxicological effects induced by co-exposure of gold nanorod (AuR) and polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics (hereinafter, referred to as AuRmPS and AuRnPS, respectively) in mice.

Methods

Systematic biochemical characterizations were performed to investigate the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, inflammatory responses, alterations in gut microbiota induced by co-exposure, and to analyze the toxicological phenomena from the roles of reactive oxygen species and gut-organ axis.

Results

It has been found that hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation were exacerbated in AuRnPS and AuRmPS, and gut microbiota composition was more severely altered in AuRnPS exposure. These results suggest the necessity of reducing plastics exposure in AuNPs-based therapies. Moreover, protection against the nano-sized plastic particles holds higher priority.

Conclusion

These findings will facilitate the explorations of methods to reduce therapeutic toxicity and improve biosafety for specific treatments by referring to the orders of importance in protecting different organs.
Impairments of social interaction in a valproic acid model in mice
Authors: Ukezono Masatoshi , Kasahara Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Chihiro , Murakami Yuki , Okada Takashi , Takano Yuji
Published: August 2024

Background

A rodent autism spectrum disorder (ASD) model based on prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is widely recognized as a prominent model. Social behavior in rodent ASD models has primarily been evaluated through a three-chamber approach test. However, in this study, we focused on social attention in the VPA model of ASD.

Methods

In male C57BL/6 J mice, attentional behaviors toward conspecifics were examined through reaching tasks around 9–11 weeks of age. On embryonic day 12.5, pregnant mice underwent a subcutaneous injection of 600 mg/kg VPA sodium salt dissolved in 0.9% saline solution (VPA group) or saline solution alone (Sal group) into their neck fat. Thirty-six mice—nine each in the VPA and saline groups, and 18 partners—underwent training in reaching behavior. Subsequently, we examined whether the VPA or Sal group demonstrated focused attention toward their partners during reaching tasks. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (condition [VPA/Sal] × situation [face-to-face (attention)/not paying attention (not attention)]) was conducted on the average success rate of the situation. Additionally, we measured the duration of sniffing behavior between pairs of mice in an open field twice in total at 4 and 8 weeks of age before reaching task. The pairs were constructed by pairing a VPA or Sal group mouse with its partner, with the objective of facilitating initial encounters between the mice. A one-way ANOVA was conducted on the average duration of sniffing behavior data from 4 weeks and a second one-way ANOVA on data from 8 weeks.

Results

The analysis revealed a significant interaction between condition and situation in the reaching task [F (1, 28) = 6.75, p = 0.015, ηp2 = 0.19]. The simple main effect test exhibited that the “not paying attention” rate was significantly higher than that of the “face-to-face” in the VPA group (p < 0.01). The results revealed a not significant difference in the average duration of sniffing behavior at 4 weeks [F (3, 32) = 2.71, p = 0.06, n.s., ηp2 = 0.20], but significant difference at 8 weeks [F (3, 32) = 4.12, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.28]. Multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method revealed significant differences in the sniffing duration at 8 weeks between from the partner toward the VPA mouse and from the partner toward the Sal mouse (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The VPA rodent model of ASD exhibited differences in social attention compared to the saline group. By focusing on social attention and exploring various ASD models, insights can be gained from the neural mechanisms underlying gaze abnormalities during social interaction in individuals with ASD.
Astrocyte Ca2+ in the dorsal striatum suppresses neuronal activity to oppose cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking
Authors: Tavakoli Navid S. , Malone Samantha G. , Anderson Tanner L. , Neeley Ryson E. , Asadipooya Artin , Bardo Michael T. , Ortinski Pavel I.
Published: August 2024

Recent literature supports a prominent role for astrocytes in regulation of drug-seeking behaviors. The dorsal striatum, specifically, is known to play a role in reward processing with neuronal activity that can be influenced by astrocyte Ca2+. However, the manner in which Ca2+ in dorsal striatum astrocytes impacts neuronal signaling after exposure to self-administered cocaine remains unclear. We addressed this question following over-expression of the Ca2+ extrusion pump, hPMCA2w/b, in dorsal striatum astrocytes and the Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP6f, in dorsal striatum neurons of rats that were trained to self-administer cocaine. Following extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior, the rats over-expressing hMPCA2w/b showed a significant increase in cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Suppression of astrocyte Ca2+ increased the amplitude of neuronal Ca2+ transients in brain slices, but only after cocaine self-administration. This was accompanied by decreased duration of neuronal Ca2+ events in the cocaine group and no changes in Ca2+ event frequency. Acute administration of cocaine to brain slices decreased amplitude of neuronal Ca2+ in both the control and cocaine self-administration groups regardless of hPMCA2w/b expression. These results indicated that astrocyte Ca2+ control over neuronal Ca2+ transients was enhanced by cocaine self-administration experience, although sensitivity to acutely applied cocaine remained comparable across all groups. To explore this further, we found that neither the hMPCA2w/b expression nor the cocaine self-administration experience altered regulation of neuronal Ca2+ events by NPS-2143, a Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist, suggesting that plasticity of neuronal signaling after hPMCA2w/b over-expression was unlikely to result from elevated extracellular Ca2+. We conclude that astrocyte Ca2+ in the dorsal striatum impacts neurons via cell-intrinsic mechanisms (e.g., gliotransmission, metabolic coupling, etc.) and impacts long-term neuronal plasticity after cocaine self-administration differently from neuronal response to acute cocaine. Overall, astrocyte Ca2+ influences neuronal output in the dorsal striatum to promote resistance to cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
Quantifying network behavior in the rat prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sha Congzhou M. , Wang Jian , Mailman Richard B. , Yang Yang , Dokholyan Nikolay V.
Published: August 2024

The question of how consciousness and behavior arise from neural activity is fundamental to understanding the brain, and to improving the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. There is significant murine and primate literature on how behavior is related to the electrophysiological activity of the medial prefrontal cortex and its role in working memory processes such as planning and decision-making. Existing experimental designs, specifically the rodent spike train and local field potential recordings during the T-maze alternation task, have insufficient statistical power to unravel the complex processes of the prefrontal cortex. We therefore examined the theoretical limitations of such experiments, providing concrete guidelines for robust and reproducible science. To approach these theoretical limits, we applied dynamic time warping and associated statistical tests to data from neuron spike trains and local field potentials. The goal was to quantify neural network synchronicity and the correlation of neuroelectrophysiology with rat behavior. The results show the statistical limitations of existing data, and the fact that making meaningful comparison between dynamic time warping with traditional Fourier and wavelet analysis is impossible until larger and cleaner datasets are available.
Algorithm of genetic diagnosis for patients with head and neck paraganglioma—update
Authors: Radomska Katarzyna , Leszczyńska Zofia , Becht Rafal , Zaborek - Łyczba Monika , Rzepakowska Anna , Lubiński Jakub , Szymański Marcin
Published: August 2024

Paragangliomas are rare tumors originating from the paraventricular bodies of the autonomic nervous system located in the adrenal glands, chest, abdomen, pelvis and head and neck. Tumors of this type account for 0.5% of head and neck cancers, 0.03% of all cancers and their incidence is estimated at 1–30/100,000 per year. Head and Neck Paragangliomas (HNPGL) are localized in carotid body, tympanic cavity or jugular foramen. It is established that HNPGL may be associated with mutations of the SDH complex, with SDHD being the most prevalent. However, SDHB, SDHC and SDHAF are also potential causes. The aforementioned mutations are influenced by various risk factors, including young age, a positive family history of paraganglioma, the presence of metastases and gender The purpose of this study is to summarize the results of genetic testing performed on patients with head and neck paraganglioma and to create an up-to-date genetic diagnosis algorithm for patients with HNPGL based on previous studies published in the literature that can be used in daily practice. Several papers observed that among SDHD mutation carriers, most or all of those studied had HNPGL, and SDHB mutations were more frequently found in the presence of metastasis. Based on the results, it was concluded that there is no basis for genetic testing for VHL in patients without a positive family history. In each algorithm proposed by different authors, proposals for rational genetic diagnosis were analyzed based on the studies cited by the author and the analyses included in our paper. For the analysis of the treatment algorithms, the following were included: Martin, Mannelli, Neumann, Gupta. Subsequently, publications related to the genetic diagnosis of HNPGL were analyzed to verify the proposed algorithms in light of the latest genetic studies and to establish an updated diagnostic management scheme.
Characteristics of central cortex and upper-limb flexors synchrony oxygenation during grasping in people with stroke: a controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Zhao Jiang-Li , Chen Pei-Ming , Zhang Tao , Xie Hao , Xiao Wen-Wu , Ng Shamay S. M , Wang Chu-Huai
Published: August 2024

Background

Upper limb motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke, and the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of rehabilitation therapy for improving upper limb function remain uncertain. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, a reliable wearable neuroimaging technique, holds promise for investigating brain activity during functional tasks. This study aims to explore the synchronous oxygenation characteristics of the central cortex and upper-limb flexors during a grasping task and investigate the rehabilitation mechanisms of upper limb motor function in individuals with stroke.

Methods

Participants with stroke who demonstrate the ability to grasp and lift cubic wood blocks of different sizes (2.5cm3, 5cm3, and 10cm3) using their affected hand will be divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Each group will consist of twenty stroke patients, resulting in a total of sixty participants with stroke. Additionally, twenty matched healthy subjects will be enrolled as a control group. Comprehensive assessments will be conducted before and after the intervention, including blood oxygen parameter monitoring of the cerebral cortex and upper limb flexors using fNIRS during the grasping task. Other assessments will include MyotonPRO, the Modified Ashworth Scale, the upper extremity section of the Fugl–Meyer Assessment, the Action Research Arm Test, and the Modified Barthel Index. The study will be undertaken between January 2024 and September 2025.

Conclusions

The results of this trial will provide an in-depth understanding of the Characteristics of central cortex and upper-limb flexors synchronous oxygenation during grasping task and how it may relate to the rehabilitation mechanism of upper limb motor function in people with stroke.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2400080619.
Enteric glial cell diversification is influenced by spatiotemporal factors and source of neural progenitors in mice
Authors: Lefèvre Marie A. , Godefroid Zoé , Soret Rodolphe , Pilon Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Previously focused primarily on enteric neurons, studies of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in both health and disease are now broadening to recognize the equally significant role played by enteric glial cells (EGCs). Commensurate to the vast array of gastrointestinal functions they influence, EGCs exhibit considerable diversity in terms of location, morphology, molecular profiles, and functional attributes. However, the mechanisms underlying this diversification of EGCs remain largely unexplored. To begin unraveling the mechanistic complexities of EGC diversity, the current study aimed to examine its spatiotemporal aspects in greater detail, and to assess whether the various sources of enteric neural progenitors contribute differentially to this diversity. Based on established topo-morphological criteria for categorizing EGCs into four main subtypes, our detailed immunofluorescence analyses first revealed that these subtypes emerge sequentially during early postnatal development, in a coordinated manner with the structural changes that occur in the ENS. When combined with genetic cell lineage tracing experiments, our analyses then uncovered a strongly biased contribution by Schwann cell-derived enteric neural progenitors to particular topo-morphological subtypes of EGCs. Taken together, these findings provide a robust foundation for further investigations into the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing EGC diversity.
Brain morphometric changes in children born as small for gestational age without catch up growth
Authors: Takatani Tomozumi , Shiohama Tadashi , Takatani Rieko , Hattori Shinya , Yokota Hajime , Hamada Hiromichi
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Most infants born as small for gestational age (SGA) demonstrate catch up growth by 2–4 years, but some fail to do so. This failure is associated with several health risks, including neuropsychological development issues. However, data on the morphological characteristics of the brains of infants born as SGA without achieving catch up growth are lacking. This study aims to determine the structural aspects of the brains of children born as SGA without catch up growth.

Methods

We conducted voxel- and surface-based morphometric analyses of 1.5-T T1-weighted brain images scanned from eight infants born as SGA who could not achieve catch up growth by 3 years and sixteen individuals with idiopathic short stature (ISS) to exclude body size effects. Growth hormone (GH) secretion stimulation tests were used to rule out GH deficiency in all SGA and ISS cases. The magnetic resonance imaging data were assessed using Levene’s test for equality of variances and a two-tailed unpaired t-test for equality of means. The Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was used to apply discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons.

Results

Morphometric analyses of both t-statical map and surface-based analyses using general linear multiple analysis determined decreased left insula thickness and volume in SGA without catch up growth compared with ISS.

Conclusion

The brain scans of patients with SGA who lack catch up growth indicated distinct morphological disparities when compared to those with ISS. The discernible features of brain morphology observed in patients born as SGA without catch up growth may improve understanding of the association of SGA without catch up growth with both intellectual and psychological outcomes.
Distinct cholinergic circuits underlie discrete effects of reward on attention
Authors: Runyon Kelly , Bui Tung , Mazanek Sarah , Hartle Alec , Marschalko Katie , Howe William Matthew
Published: August 2024

Attention and reward are functions that are critical for the control of behavior, and massive multi-region neural systems have evolved to support the discrete computations associated with each. Previous research has also identified that attention and reward interact, though our understanding of the neural mechanisms that mediate this interplay is incomplete. Here, we review the basic neuroanatomy of attention, reward, and cholinergic systems. We then examine specific contexts in which attention and reward computations interact. Building on this work, we propose two discrete neural circuits whereby acetylcholine, released from cell groups located in different parts of the brain, mediates the impact of stimulus-reward associations as well as motivation on attentional control. We conclude by examining these circuits as a potential shared loci of dysfunction across diseases states associated with deficits in attention and reward.
Characterization of the flavor profile of Hulatang using GC-IMS coupled with sensory analysis
Authors: Yan Jing , Wang Heng , Yang Bing , Zhang Wanli , Cao Zhenxia , Zhao Penghui , Dong Zijie , Ren Fazheng , Chen Lishui
Published: August 2024

Background

Hulatang is a traditional specialty snack in Henan, China, and is well known for its unique flavor.

Methods

In this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in four kinds of Hulatang from two representative regions in Henan Province (Xiaoyaozhen and Beiwudu) were evaluated using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS).

Results

The results showed that Xiaoyaozhen Hulatang exhibited more ethers, fewer terpenes and ketones than Beiwudu Hulatang. Additionally, Hulatang from different regions were classified using the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on GC-IMS data. Twenty aroma substances were selected as the potential markers using the variable importance in the projection (VIP) variable selection method. Additionally, fifteen aroma components significantly contributing to the aroma of Hulatang were screened using the relative odor activity value (ROAV) (ROAV > 1). Combined with the sensory score results, twelve key substances with significant correlation with odor perception were selected. The flavor characteristics of the key substances revealed that the flavor of Hulatang was mainly composed of volatile components with camphor, green, almond, fatty, spicy, herbal, vegetable, fruity, floral, musty, and solvent aromas.

Conclusion

Overall, the experimental results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the flavor characteristics of Hulatang from different regions using GC-IMS.
Changes in the gut microbiota of esophageal carcinoma patients based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Delin , Zhang Yongsheng , Hu Wenqi , Lv Haoyue , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Hongyu
Published: August 2024

Background

This study conducts a systematic review through meta-analysis, comparing the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in patients with esophageal cancer and healthy individuals, and explores the relationship between risk factors and related factors of esophageal cancer.

Methods

According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we comprehensively searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library. In addition, we applied the R programming language version 4.0.3 and Stata 15.1 software for data analysis. We also implemented the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), funnel plot analysis, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test to assess the risk of bias.

Results

In this study, a total of 328 studies were identified through the literature search. Among them, 117 duplicate studies were removed, and 202 studies were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 9 studies were included in the analysis, involving a total of 216 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 352 healthy controls. Four studies provided Chao1 index for quantitative consolidation (ES = 637.41, 95% CI: 549.16 to 725.66, p = 0.000, I2 = 98.2%). Two studies [27, 29] reported ACE index (ES = 438.89, 95% CI: 362.42 to 515.35, p = 0.000, I2 = 97%). Seven studies [26,27,29,30,32] reported the Shannon index for quantitative consolidation (ES = 4.38, 95% CI: 3.95 to 4.81, p = 0.000, I2 = 99%). At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes(ES = 37.8, 95% CI: 25.75 to 49.85, p = 0.000, I2 = 87.2%) and Proteobacteria(ES = 7.48, 95% CI: 5.02 to 8.85, p = 0.04, I2 = 2.4%) have statistical difference between ESCC and HC. There was no significant difference between ESCC and HC in the abundance of genera(p>0.05).

Conclusions

This observational meta-analysis revealed that changes in the GM were correlated with esophageal carcinoma, and variations in some advantageous GM might involve regional differences. Additionally, the study aims to facilitate early diagnosis of esophageal cancer and improve screening and diagnostic efficiency.
Expression profile of messenger and micro RNAs related to the histaminergic system in patients with five subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Sirek Tomasz , Sirek Agata , Opławski Marcin , Boroń Dariusz , Chalcarz Michał , Ossowski Piotr , Dziobek Konrad , Zmarzły Nikola , Strojny Damian , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar
Published: August 2024

Disparities in estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki67 proliferation indices facilitate the categorization of breast cancer into four principal subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Preclinical studies investigating the therapeutic potential of histaminergic system targeting in breast cancer have shown promising results. This study aimed to assess the expression profiles of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) related to the histaminergic system in five subtypes of breast cancer among Polish women. Patients with five breast cancer subtypes were included in the study: luminal A (n = 130), luminal B (n = 196, including HER2-, n =100; HER2+, n= 96), HER2+ (n = 36), and TNBC (n = 43). They underwent surgery during which the tumor tissue was removed along with a margin of healthy tissue (control material). Molecular analysis included the determination of a microarray profile of mRNAs and miRNAs associated with the histaminergic system, real-time polymerase chain reaction preceded by reverse transcription of selected genes, and determination of histamine receptors (human histamine H1 receptor [HRH1], human histamine H2 receptor [HRH2], and human histamine H4 receptor [HRH4]) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Nine mRNAs were significantly differentiated in breast cancer sections, regardless of subtype, compared to control samples: HRH1, HRH2, HRH4, histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (HTR6), endothelin 1 (EDN1), endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC3A2). Predictive analysis showed that hsa-miR-34a potentially regulates HRH1 expression, whereas hsa-miR-3140-5p and hsa-miR-4251 potentially affect HRH2 expression. In contrast, HRH4 and EDN1 expression were regulated by hsa-miR-1-3p. The expression of HNMT is potentially regulated by one miRNA, hsa-miR-382, whereas EDNRA expression is regulated by two miRNA molecules: hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-16. In contrast, hsa-miR-650 is involved in the regulation of HTR6 expression, whereas hsa-miR-1275 potentially interacts with three mRNAs: ADA, SLC23A2, and HRH1. Molecular analysis confirmed that the selected mRNA and miRNA transcripts could be promising molecular markers and therapeutic targets.
A novel secondary ALK gene mutation which resistant to second-generation TKIs: a case report and literature review
Authors: Cheng Xiaqin , Liu Jia , Hu Qiongxia , Gao Yingchun , Zhou Lin
Published: August 2024

Background

Adenocarcinoma with positive echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) gene fusion accounts for 3-7% of lung cancer cases and can be targeted with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Second-generation TKIs are the standard of care for targeted populations, especially those with central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. However, most patients eventually experience disease progression because of drug resistance caused by multiple mechanisms, predominantly secondary mutations.

Case description

We present a female advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) case with positive EML4-ALK gene fusion, in which disease progression occurred in only 3 months after first-line treatment with alectinib. Two secondary mutations were detected by next-generation sequencing; one was V1180L located in exon 23, and the other was E803Q located in exon 14, which was a novel mutation that had never been reported. Ensartinib and ceritinib were administered as second-line and third-line treatments. However, the response to these TKIs was poor, and her overall survival was only 7 months.

Conclusion

The secondary mutation E803Q located in exon 14 seems resistant to most second-generation ALK-TKIs. If there is an opportunity, the efficacy of the third-generation ALK-TKI loratinib should be tested.
A rare case of solitary plasmacytoma mimicking submucosal lesion of ascending colon: a case report and literature review
Authors: Carella Alessandra , Spannella Francesco , Morè Sonia , Grifoni Riccardo , Settanni Carlo Romano , Mandolesi Alessandra , Filosa Alessandra , Goteri Gaia , Boccoli Gianfranco , Fava Giammarco
Published: August 2024

Solitary primary extraosseous plasmacytoma is a rare disease in the gastrointestinal tract, recently classified as an “exceptional” tumor of the colon site. The real incidence (one case/population/year) is unknown but reasonably less than 1/10,000,000 cases/year with very few descriptions in the literature. The rare cases described in the literature are often diagnosed after surgery for perforation and with predominant localization of the left colon. The main endoscopic presentation mimics colon carcinoma with ulcerated mass and obstructing lumen. In this paper, we report a rare case of isolated mass mimicking a submucosal lesion of the ascending colon diagnosed in an older female patient by colonoscopy. The patient was almost asymptomatic; she reported only a history of hematochezia without anemia. This mass was successfully treated by surgery and followed by hematological investigations, including bone marrow biopsy, specific laboratory tests, and CT/PET scan, which confirmed primary isolated plasmacytoma of the colon.
Metformin and its potential influence on cell fate decision between apoptosis and senescence in cancer, with a special emphasis on glioblastoma
Authors: Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush Melika , Zali Alireza , Shahmohammadi Mohammadreza , Hamidieh Amir Ali
Published: August 2024

Despite reaching enormous achievements in therapeutic approaches worldwide, GBM still remains the most incurable malignancy among various cancers. It emphasizes the necessity of adjuvant therapies from the perspectives of both patients and healthcare providers. Therefore, most emerging studies have focused on various complementary and adjuvant therapies. Among them, metabolic therapy has received special attention, and metformin has been considered as a treatment in various types of cancer, including GBM. It is clearly evident that reaching efficient approaches without a comprehensive evaluation of the key mechanisms is not possible. Among the studied mechanisms, one of the more challenging ones is the effect of metformin on apoptosis and senescence. Moreover, metformin is well known as an insulin sensitizer. However, if insulin signaling is facilitated in the tumor microenvironment, it may result in tumor growth. Therefore, to partially resolve some paradoxical issues, we conducted a narrative review of related studies to address the following questions as comprehensively as possible: 1) Does the improvement of cellular insulin function resulting from metformin have detrimental or beneficial effects on GBM cells? 2) If these effects are detrimental to GBM cells, which is more important: apoptosis or senescence? 3) What determines the cellular decision between apoptosis and senescence?
Long-gap esophageal atresia: is native esophagus preservation always possible?
Authors: Treccarichi G. M. , Di Benedetto V. , Loria G. , Scuderi M. G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital defect that causes esophageal discontinuity, often with an associated tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) in 70%–90% of cases. When the distance between esophageal ends precludes primary anastomosis, it results in long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA), complicating the surgical management. This study retrospectively reviewed LGEA cases from the past decade, treated with the goal of preserving the native esophagus, comparing surgical techniques and outcomes with current literature.

Materials and methods

The data of patients treated for LGEA between 2013 and 2024 were collected from medical charts, focusing on patients treated with the preservation of their native esophagus.

Results

Ten patients were enrolled for this study. All of them had a gap between the esophageal ends equal to or greater than three vertebral bodies. Four patients (40%) underwent a delayed primary anastomosis (DPA) procedure, while the remaining six (60%) underwent a traction staged repair. All patients were treated with open surgery. The follow-up period extended from 3 months to 10 years.

Conclusion

Preserving the native esophagus in patients with LGEA is a challenging but feasible goal, with delayed primary anastomosis and traction techniques playing key roles. We advocate for the preservation of the native esophagus as the preferred approach for ensuring a high quality of life for patients, as it helps to avoid severe long-term complications associated with esophageal substitution.
Repurposing antihypertensive drugs for pain disorders: a drug-target mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Kai , Li Ao , Zhang Chen-Yu , Li Shu-Ming , Chen Ping
Published: August 2024

Objective

Addressing the rising prevalence of pain disorders and limitations of current analgesics, our study explores repurposing antihypertensive drugs for pain management, inspired by the link between hypertension and pain. We leverage a drug-target Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to explore their dual benefits and establish causal connections.

Methods

A comprehensive compilation of antihypertensive drug classes was undertaken through British National Formulary, with their target genes identified using the DrugBank database. Relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these targets were selected from published genomic studies on systolic blood pressure (SBP) as genetic instruments. These SNPs were validated through MR against acute coronary artery disease (CAD) to ensure genes not linked to CAD were excluded from acting as proxies for antihypertensive drugs. An MR analysis of 29 pain-related outcomes was conducted using the FinnGen R10 database employing the selected and validated genetic instruments. We utilized the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method for primary analysis, applying Bonferroni correction to control type I error. IVW’s multiplicative random effects (MRE) addressed heterogeneity, and MR-PRESSO managed pleiotropy, ensuring accurate causal inference.

Results

Our analysis differentiates strong and suggestive evidence in linking antihypertensive drugs to pain disorder risks. Strong evidence was found for adrenergic neuron blockers increasing migraine without aura risk, loop diuretics reducing panniculitis, and vasodilator antihypertensives lowering limb pain risk. Suggestive evidence suggests alpha-adrenoceptor blockers might increase migraine risk, while beta-adrenoceptor blockers could lower radiculopathy risk. Adrenergic neuron blockers also show a potential protective effect against coxarthrosis (hip osteoarthritis) and increased femgenpain risk (pain and other conditions related to female genital organs and menstrual cycle). Additionally, suggestive links were found between vasodilator antihypertensives and reduced radiculopathy risk, and both alpha-adrenoceptor blockers and renin inhibitors possibly decreasing dorsalgianas risk (unspecified dorsalgia). These findings highlight the intricate effects of antihypertensive drugs on pain disorders, underlining the need for further research.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that antihypertensive medications may exert varied effects on pain management, suggesting a repurposing potential for treating specific pain disorders. The results advocate for further research to confirm these associations and to explore underlying mechanisms, to optimize pain management practices.
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lameness in broiler chickens and its implications for welfare, meat safety, and quality: a review
Authors: Anthney Amanda , Do Anh Dang Trieu , Alrubaye Adnan A. K.
Published: August 2024

The exponential increase in global population continues to present an ongoing challenge for livestock producers worldwide to consistently provide a safe, high-quality, and affordable source of protein for consumers. In the last 50 years, the poultry industry has spearheaded this effort thanks to focused genetic and genomic selection for feed-efficient, high-yielding broilers. However, such intense selection for productive traits, along with conventional industry farming practices, has also presented the industry with a myriad of serious issues that negatively impacted animal health, welfare, and productivity–such as woody breast and virulent diseases commonly associated with poultry farming. Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is one such issue, having rapidly become a key issue affecting the poultry industry with serious impacts on broiler welfare, meat quality, production, food safety, and economic losses since its discovery in 1972. This review focuses on hallmark clinical symptoms, diagnosis, etiology, and impact of BCO lameness on key issues facing the poultry industry.
Psychological capital mediates the mindfulness-creativity link: the perspective of positive psychology
Authors: He Wu-jing
Published: August 2024

The positive mindfulness-creativity link has been widely documented; however, its underlying psychological mechanisms remain less understood. From the perspective of positive psychology, this study examined the mediating effect of psychological capital (PsyCap) on the effect of dispositional mindfulness on creative functioning. A total of 894 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong (50.8% female; Mage = 15.5 years) completed the study. A cross-sectional design was used, in which context PsyCap and dispositional mindfulness were assessed by the Chinese version of the revised Compound PsyCap Scale (CPC-12R) and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), respectively. Moreover, by adopting the multiple-measurement approach to creativity, three commonly used creativity tests (i.e., the Wallach-Kogan Creativity Test/WKCT, the Test for Creative Thinking–Drawing Production/TCT–DP, and the Creative Problem-Solving Test/CPST) were applied to capture three aspects of creativity (i.e., divergent thinking, creative combination, and creative problem solving). The results suggest that (1) PsyCap partially but significantly mediated the mindfulness-creativity link for all three aspects of creative functioning, and (2) PsyCap demonstrated the strongest effect size in mediating the mindfulness-creativity link for creative problem solving, followed by creative combination and then divergent thinking. These results, on the one hand, support the positive psychology perspective by confirming a positive psychological resource mechanism regarding the relationship between mindfulness and creativity. On the other hand, the results regarding the varied sizes of the mediation effect further enrich the discourse on this perspective by showing that the mediation mechanism may function to different degrees depending on which aspect of creativity is under consideration. These findings illuminate the positive functioning of mindfulness, psychological resources/capital and creativity.