bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
خطـبة السيـدة عائشـة في رثاء أبيها دراسة في ضوء السبك النصي
Authors: مزيد السلمي فيصل زيدان
Published: June 2024

الدراسات النصية اتجاه حديث فى الدراسات اللغوية  ونقلة نوعية في ميدان تحليل النصوص ، تم فيه تجاوز حدود التحليل المقتصر على الجملة إلى فضاء تحليل المتتابعات الجملية أو النص  وفق معطيات جديدة ومتعددة .
ويعد السبك النصي أحد أهم معايير الحكم بالنصية على أي نص أو خطاب ما ، ولأهمية هذا المعيار في الدراسات النصية الحديثة  وقع الاختيار عليه ليكون ميدان لبحث يتضمن  تطبيق آليات السبك  ووسائله على نص لغوي عربي متمثل في خطبة السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها في رثاء أبيها الصديق أبى بكر رضي الله عنه.
وينشد البحث هنا الوصول إلى تحقيق بعض الأهداف التي منها  السير في ركب التطور والتجديد في المجال اللغوي  ، من خلال الاطلاع على  آخر مستجدات الدراسات اللغوية الغربية الحديثة . فضلا عن الرغبة في إظهار مدى قابلية النصوص العربية لتطبيق المنجزات اللغوية الحديثة عليها ، وما لذلك من أثر في لبيان أوجه التلاقي بيت التراثين اللغويين العربي والغربي على السواء .
دراسة حوض الناعمة النهري وعلاقته بحصاد المياه في جنوب تلال حمرين واثاره البيئية
Authors: عبدالله سندس احمد , خلف محمد نجم
Published: June 2024

تناولت الدراسة حصاد المياه في حوض الناعمة النهري ذلك لأهميته الكبيرة في الحفاظ على البيئة الزراعية والبدوية في تلك المنطقة من خلال توفير مياه الري والزراعة والاستهلاك البشري وماله من انعكاسات بيئية .ومن خلال معرفة الخصائص الطبيعية للمنطقة وحاجتها الفعلية الى مشروع حصاد المياه والتي تحتاج الى خائص طبيعية معينة من حيث درجات الانحدار واتجاهه وطبيعة التضاريس وحجم الشبكة المائية وكمية الامطار التي تؤدي الى فقدان كميات كبيرة من المياه في السنوات الماضية نحو بحيرة الشارع دون الاستفادة منها. وبناءً على ماتقدم  فأن هذه الدراسة اقترحت انشاء مشروع لحصاد المياه يمكن ان يكفي المتطلبات العامة للحياة في تلك المنطقة كوسيلة لتعويض النقص الحاصل.
اتجاهات طـلبة المرحلة الثانوية نحو المـدارس الأهـلية في مركز محافظة صلاح الدين وعلاقـته ببعـض المتغـيرات(دوافع وأسباب) دراسة ميدانية
Authors: عوض نادية عبد الخالق , عوض مي عبد الخالق , كردي خالد طريد
Published: June 2024

هدفت الدراسة الى الكشف عن اتجاهات الطلبة نحو المدارس الثانوية وعن الدوافع  والاسباب التي تدعوهم الى الالتحاق بالمدارس الأهلية  للعام الدراسي 2022-2023 في مركز محافظة صلاح الدين.
اختار الباحثون المنهج الوصفي , وأعدت استبانة مكونة من (30) فقرة موزعة على  اربعة مجالات مثلت محور العملية التعليمية , وتم التأكد من اعدادها حسب الشروط , وتم توزيعها على عينة الدراسة مكونة من (180 ) طالباً وطالبة من طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في المدارس الاهلية في مركز محافظة صلاح الدين واستخدمت الوسائل الاحصائية الملائمة لبناء الاداة وتحليل البيانات مثل الوسط المرجح والوزن المئوي , للتوصل الى الاجابة عن الاسئلة الاتية :
- ماهي اتجاهات الطلبة نحو المدارس الاهلية في المرحلة الثانوية ؟.
- هل هناك اختلاف في وجهات نظر الطلبة باتجاهاتهم نحو المدارس الاهلية حسب متغير الجنس (ذكور – اناث )؟.
- ماهي دوافع واسباب اتجاه الطلبة نحو المدارس الاهلية ؟ .
وتوصل الباحثون الى النتائج المتمثلة بتحديد اتجاهات الطلبة نحو المدارس الاهلية  كما ان جميع المجالات الاربع للاستبيان(البناية المدرسية ,ادارة المدرسة ,الطلبة ,المدرس ) تقاربت نسب نتائجها   من خلال اجابات الطلبة على فقرات الاستبيان , وتوصل الباحثون الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات .
اثر استراتيجية خرائط التفكير القائمة عل الدمج في التحصيل لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة علم الاجتماع
Authors: علوان الحمداني محمد عبد الحسين , سلطان القيسي طه بنيان
Published: June 2024

هدف البحث الحالي التعرف الى( اثر استراتيجية خرائط التفكير القائمة  على الدمج في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة علم الاجتماع وتنمية تفكيرهم المنظومي).
ولتحقيق هدف البحث وضع الباحث فرضيتين صفرية الأولى منها :متعلقة بالتحصيل اما الثانية منها :فتعلقت بتنمية مهارات التفكير المنظومي، تكونت عينة البحث من طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في مدينة الدجيل الكورس الأول من العام الدراسي ( 2022-2023 )
اختيرو عشوائيا من مجتمع البحث ،وتم توزيعهم الى مجموعتين مثلت احداهما المجموعة التجريبية مكونة من (30 ) طالبا درسوا وفق استراتيجية خرائط التفكير القائمة على الدمج  ومثلت الأخرى المجموعة الضابطة مكونة من (30 )طالبا درسوا بالطريقة الاعتيادية
استعمل الباحث التصميم التجريبي ذا المجموعتين المتكافئة واجري عملية التكافؤ على مجموعتي البحث في متغيرات العمر الزمني بالأشهر ،معدل العام،درجة مادة
علم الاجتماع ، اختبار الذكاء ،اختبار التفكير المنظومي القبلي ،مستوى التعليمي للوالدين.
وتطلب تحقيق هدف البحث اعداد أداتين الأولى اختبارا تحصيليا مكونا من ( 30)
فقرة اختبارية من نوع الاختيار من متعدد ومقالي محدود الإجابة ،اما الأداة الثانية
فكانت أداة اختبار التفكير المنظومي مكونا من (55 ) فقرة ،وقد تحقق الباحث من صدقهما وثباتهما وقوة تميز فقراتهما وطبقهما الباحث قبل بدء التجربة وبعد انتهائها
وكانت التجربة قد بدأت في يوم الاحد الموافق (14/11/2022 ) واستمرت الى يوم  الخميس الموافق (19/1/2023 )
)                                                                          t-st(   t،وبعد جمع البيانات وتحليلها احصائيا باستخدام الاختبار التائي
لعينتين مستقلتين واظهرت النتائج ما يأتي:
يوجد فـرق ذو دلالة احصائيـة بين متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبيـة التـي  دَرَستَ عـلى وفق استراتيجية خرائط التفكير القائمة على الدمج ومتوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة التـي دُرِسَت بالطريقة الاعتـياديـة فـي تحصيل مادة علم الاجتماع
يوجد فـرق ذو دلالة احصائيـة بين متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبيـة التـي  دَرَستَ عـلى وفق استراتيجية خرائط التفكير القائمة على الدمج, ومتوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة التـي دُرِسَت بالطريقة الاعتـياديـة فـي اختبار التفكير المنظومي
وفي ضوء نتائج البحث خرج الباحث بعدد من الاستنتاجات منها ان (خرائط التفكير القائمة على الدمج )كان لها الدور في تحسين ورفع المستوى التحصيلي لطلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة علم الاجتماع وتنمية تفكيرهم المنظومي ،كما واصى الباحث بعدد من التوصيات منها التأكيد على مدرسي ومدرسات علم الاجتماع و تشجيع الطلبة بالمشاركة بالنشاطات اللاصفية
لتعزيز ثقتهم بأنفسهم وتنمية قدرات المبدعين منهم .واستكمالا لمتطلبات البحث اقترح الباحث اثر استراتيجية خرائط التفكير القائمة على الدمج في اكتساب المفاهيم الاجتماعية لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي وتنمية تفكيرهم البصر
The Effect of Integrating Critical Thinking Skills on EFL University Students’ Performance in English Literature
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Abdulwahid , Jasim Basim Yahia
Published: June 2024

The current study addresses the crucial role of Critical Thinking Skills (CTSs) in today's decision-making and problem-solving landscape. It emphasizes the integration of CTSs within the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction, with a particular focus on the situation in Iraq. While there is ample theoretical discourse on the significance of CTSs, their practical application in EFL classrooms, especially in Iraq, presents notable challenges, primarily because of the dearth of specialized teaching methodologies.
The study's central objective is to evaluate the impact of incorporating Critical Thinking (CT) into EFL instruction, specifically in the analysis of literary texts. To achieve this, the research adopts a control-experimental pretest-posttest design and employs a CT test as an assessment tool. The findings of the study are noteworthy, demonstrating a significant improvement in the CTSs and textual interpretation abilities of students in the experimental group, especially when analysing poetry and short stories. This highlights the potential benefits of integrating CT into EFL instruction, enhancing students' analytical capabilities and their understanding of literary content.
The Correlation between Discourse Markers and Communicative Competence on EFL University Students
Authors: Mahmud Omar Khalaf , Hameed Dunia Tahir
Published: June 2024

Discourse markers are generally defined as words or linguistic expressions of different functions in discourse  Discourse  markers  are  words and phrases  that  are  used  to  manage  and organize the  structure  of  discourse.  They  connect  sentences  without  changing  the  general meaning of what is being said Communicative competence can be defined as the ability to use language, or to communicate, in a culturally-appropriate manner in order to make meaning and accomplish social tasks with efficacy and fluency through extended interactions The students use of discourse markers at Iraqi Universities and its correlation to their communicative competence.  This study is a correlation study. The sample of the study is 300 students from Tikrit and  Kirkuk Universities. It consists of (150) students of third stage is  derived from Department of English Language, Collage of Education for Humanities at University of Tikrit and (150) students from Department of English Language, College of Education for Humanities at Kirkuk University during academic year (2022-2023). The test has been constructed, validated and applied to the two involved Universities. The required data has been collected and analyzed statistically. The data is gathered by using diagnostic tests.  The results show that there is a statistically significant low relationship between students' DMs at Kirkuk University. The results show that there is statistically significant low relationship between students' DMs  at Tikrit University. The results of question 4 aim to show that there is statistically significant moderate relationship between students' CC at Kirkuk University. The results also show that there is statistically significant relationship between students' CC at Tikrit University. This research also contains previous studies of DMs and CC  and the discussion of the them.
Aero-Structural Comprehensive Nonprobabilistic Reliability-Based Optimization Method for High Aspect Ratio Wings
Authors: Luo Zhenxian , Zhang Yingke , Shi Qinghe , Wang Xiaojun
Published: June 2024

An aero-structural comprehensive reliability-based optimization method is proposed to construct the optimization framework of designing the high aspect ratio wing. There are three parts included in this method. 1) The ideal cruising shape is obtained by optimizing the geometrical parameters in the cruising conditions, where only the aerodynamic shape optimization is involved and the structural deformation is not considered. 2) The jig-shape optimization method is presented, where the aerodynamic performance of the wing structure with deformation is improved by adjusting the twist angle along the span direction to make sure that the shape with the aeroelastic deformation approaches the ideal cruising shape. 3) A nonprobabilistic reliability-based structural optimization is conducted by updating the thickness of composite layer, where the dispersion of mechanical properties of composite materials is considered and a nonprobabilistic reliability index according to strength and stiffness constraints is established. The global stiffness of the wing structure is changed after jig-shape optimization and structural optimization, and the jig-shape and structural scheme are modified alternately. The previously mentioned process needs to be repeated until the changes in the jig-shape and structural scheme in the iterations can be ignored. Finally, the effectiveness of this method has been verified through the numerical example followed by some conclusions.
Search of informative SSR-markers for soybean cultivars passportization
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Savichenko V.G. , Ramazanova S.A. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Guchetl S.Z. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: June 2024

Soybean is one of the important crop contributing to food security. The development of new soybean cultivars and their including into the State Register will be confirmed by genetic passportization. The purpose of the research was a search of informative SSR-loci too add the existing system of DNA-markers for soybean passportization. We selected 27 SSR-loci from SoyBase using an online instrument Primer-BLAST. The information capacity of microsatellite loci was estimated in 20 soybean cultivars. PCR-products were divided in PAAG in denaturing conditions. We allocated 13 highly informative (PIC 0.50–0.72) and five informative (PIC 0.44–0.49) microsatellite loci from 27 ones selected in silico. Selected in the research loci can be used for genotyping and jointly with tested earlier DNA-markers for soybean passportization.
Comparison of setup errors between two immobilization techniques for image-guided pelvic radiotherapy: Can an ankle fixator be used as an alternative to a thermoplastic mask for immobilization without compromising treatment?
Authors: Ghosh Arnab Kumar , Roy Niladri , Chhatui Bappaditya , Biswas Jayabrata , Choudhury Alakananda , Chakraborty Ipsita , Saha Udita , Ravy Aishwarya , Mazumdar Justice , Chakrabarty Shinjini , Barman Rina
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Pelvic malignancies have reported large setup variations, requiring good treatment positioning and immobilization. Various immobilization techniques have been reported in literature for pelvic malignancies. In this study, two different immobilization techniques have been compared for translational setup errors during radiation delivery.

Material and Methods

Kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV CBCT) scans were taken and 3D-3D matching was done during the first three days of radiation treatment; thereafter once a week, and as per requirement of the particular treatment. Data on translational shifts was tabulated from treatment record. The mean and standard deviation of all individual shifts were calculated using descriptive statistics. The means of the translational shifts of the two arms were compared using Mann–Whitney U test. The population’s systematic and random errors were calculated. Clinical target volume to planning target volume (CTV-PTV) margins were calculated using Van Herk’s method.

Results

A total of 855 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed. The mean setup errors were not significantly different between two arms in all three translational axes. The CTV-PTV margins in the anteroposterior, superoinferior, and lateral directions are 0.59, 0.94, and 0.78 cm for the TPI arm and 0.84, 0.92, and 0.87 cm for the AFI arm. To have a uniform CTV-PTV margin in all directions, the minimum expansion required is 0.94 cm and 0.92 cm in the TPI and AFI arm, respectively.

Conclusion

An ankle fixator or similar lower leg immobilization technique can be used as an alternative to thermoplastic mask immobilization without compromising setup accuracy. This has the potential to reduce treatment cost per patient, by excluding the cost of thermoplastic mask.
Investigation of Decision Making Styles and Problem Solving Skill Levels of School Administrators Doing Sports and Non-Sports
Authors: Deniz Murat , Korkmaz Nimet
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the decision-making styles and levels of problem-solving skills among school administrators who do and do not do sports. For this purpose, the study was conducted using the quantitative research method, specifically the descriptive survey model. The research was conducted with a sample group of 358 among 2334 school administrators working in Bursa in the 2021-2022 academic year. Personal Information Form, Problem Solving Scale (PSS) and Melbourne Decision Making Scale (MDMS) were used to collect study data. In the analysis of the data, SPSS 21.0 package program was used, and the significance level was taken as α = 0.05. Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test was used to distribute the total and subscale scores obtained from PSS and MDMS. In conclusion, it was determined that there were no significant differences between the groups of administrators who engage in sports and those who do not, based on variables such as the duration of their leadership, whether they received administrative training, and the type of school where they work. Administrators with a history of licensed sports participation had a higher rate of engagement in sports. In the sports group, administrators exhibited a preference for a cautious decision-making style and had higher levels of self-esteem. They also demonstrated lower levels of avoidant, procrastinative, and panicked decision-making styles. Furthermore, it was concluded that the impact of engaging in sports on the perception of problem-solving skills was not significant between administrators who engage in sports and those who do not.
Feed table management.
Authors: Разумовский Н.
Published: June 2024

Грамотное управление кормовым столом позволяет поддерживать здоровье и продуктивность коров на высоком уровне, а также рационально расходовать корма и получать качественную продукцию.

Competent management of feed table allows maintaining cow health and productivity at a high level as well as rational use of feed and receiving high quality products.
Litter features in different forest types in the middle taiga subzone
Authors:   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Likhanova I. A. , Deneva S. V. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kholopov Yu. V. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rud E. A. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Skrebenkov E. A. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lapteva E. M. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

The article presents the features of forest litters of spruce, pine and aspen forests in the middle taiga subzone of the European north-east of Russia. Litter studies were carried out on the territory of the Lyalsky nature reserve (62 о15’N,50о40’E). The thickness, density, mass, fractional composition and carbon reserves in litter in different forest types were determined. The study showed an increase in humidity and litter reserves during the transition from non-swampy to swampy forest types, as well as high variability in the structure and properties of litter depending on the parcellation of forest biogeocenoses. In blueberry spruce forests the litter reserve in green moss parcels is about 49±17 t/ha, in sphagnum parcels is about 77.0±1.7 t/ha. In green moss pine forests the litter reserve in green moss parcels is 54±17 t/ha, and in microdepressions it reaches 67±15 (long-moss parcels) – 101±19 (sphagnum parcels) t/ha. In blueberry-sphagnum pine forests the litter reserve range from 90±16 to 150±25 t/ha. In aspen blueberry forests the above parameter is about 60±16 t/ha, increasing in long-moss plots to 71±27 t/ha. Carbon reserves in spruce forests are about 18 tC/ha, in green moss pine forests – 26 tC/ha, in sphagnum pine forests – 63 tC/ha, in aspen forests – 24 tC/ha. The litter parameters in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic are significantly affected by soil moisture. The relationship between litter stocks and their field moisture is described by the equation: y=5.3588ln(x)–20.56 (R 2=0.7537), where x is field humidity in the middle of the growing season, %, and y is litter stock, kg/m2.
Geochemical characteristics of the Lake Chvanikha, the natural monument of the Kirov region
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lipatnikova O. A. , Lubkova T. N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Solodyankina O. V. ,   Nolinsky Museum of History and Local Lore
Published: June 2024

The article presents characteristics of the abiotic components (water and bottom sediments) of the karst Lake Chvanikha. The lake is located in the Nolinsky district of the Kirov region and has the status of the hydrological natural monument of regional significance. The results are based on precision analytic data (obtained by ICP-MS, X-ray fluorescence analysis, chemical methods, photometry, etc.) and on thermodynamic calculations (Visual-MINTEQ. ver. 3.1). The composition of the waters indirectly indicates to the development of carbonate karst (mainly the dissolution of dolomite) in the upper rock strata at the base of the lake basin and to the presence of minor gypsum interlayers at depth. The concentrations of dissolved forms of trace elements do not exceed the MPCs of harmful substances in the waters of fishery basins and generally corresponds to the average contents in the rivers of the world. The base forms of trace elements in water are their free ions (for Sr, Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd) and carbonate complexes (for Pb and Cu). The bottom sediments are represented of fine quartz sands, which overlap the karst rocks. In the absence of a significant technogenic impact, the poor grade of sand’s ferruginization determines low contents of potential pollutants (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Mo, Ni, Cr, V), typical for quartz sands.
Study of patterns of changes in salt compositiondrill cuttings in the process of their disposal
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Gaevaya E. V. , Rudakova L. V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: June 2024

Drill cuttings in their natural state have viscous-plastic properties; in a dry state they are cohesive and hard. This is due to the content of sodium ions in the absorbing complex. Features of the physical and mechanical properties of drill cuttings indicate its ability to absorb and retain dissolved salts. When gypsum is added to drill cuttings in different percentages of the waste volume, the concentration of chloride ion changes in all samples, and chloride-sulfate salinization is observed. The content of sulfate ion increases with a minimum volume fraction of gypsum application. The addition of gypsum in a volume fraction of 15 and 20% affects the reduction of phosphate and carbonate ions. A change in electrical conductivity indicates an increase in the concentration of water-soluble salts in the water extract, which is confirmed by a direct high correlation. When adding gypsum from 7–20% volume fractions, a significant reduction in the dense residue occurs. The use of gypsum increases the filtration capacity of drill cuttings. The use of gypsum makes it possible to lighten the granulometric composition of drill cuttings due to the active coagulation of colloids. As a result of the removal of water-soluble salts, optimal water-physical properties of drill cuttings are created, structuring and filtration properties of drill cuttings are increased. A mathematical model for predicting the dissolution of salts in drill cuttings allows taking into account uncontrollable factors (density, particle size distribution, filtration coefficient, content of water-soluble salts).
Biomarkeri utilizaţi în predicţia timpurie a diabetului gestaţional
Authors: Mateescu Radu , Marina Gabriel , Edu Antoine , Obilişteanu Gabriela , Bujor Mihaela , Conci Stelian , Ionescu Gabriel , Antonovici Marina , Isopescu Florin , Plotogea Mihaela  , Ispas Alexandru , Edu Mihnea
Published: June 2024

Objectives. The evaluation of maternal biomarkers that can guide us towards an early diagnosis of gestational dia­betes, as early as the first trimester of pregnancy, for a better management and to reduce potential adverse ef­fects of gestational diabetes on pregnancy and pregnant wo­men. Methodology. This article reviews research in the spe­cia­lized literature and aims to highlight how biomarkers, such as fasting glucose, HOMA score, glycated hemoglobin and PAPP-A, can constitute a set of parameters for screening ges­ta­tional diabetes as early as the first trimester of preg­nancy. Results. Women who developed gestational diabetes ex­hi­bi­ted higher values of biomarkers compared to patients un­af­fec­ted by this metabolic imbalance. Diagnosing ges­ta­tio­nal diabetes in the first trimester of pregnancy re­quires correlating multiple biological markers. Most stu­dies suggest that none of the markers used alone have a suf­fi­ciently high predictive value for screening gestational dia­betes in the first trimester. However, their correlation can quan­tify the risk of developing this condition and provide a clinical clue in routine practice.
Mechanochemical Halogenations of Sydnones and Rearrangement to 1,3,4-Oxadiazolin-2-ones
Authors: Luttringer Florian , Pétry Nicolas , Clot Eric , Bantreil Xavier , Lamaty Frédéric
Published: June 2024

Herein are presented new mechanochemical methods for sydnone halogenation and insights into an efficient ring rearrangement yielding 1,3,4-oxadiazolin-2-ones by heated ball-milling. Using equimolar amounts of N chlorosuccinimide (NCS), oxone and sodium chloride, 3-phenylsydnone was quantitatively chlorinated in short reaction time and high yields. Moreover, a more efficient method for the bromination of sydnones has been developed both in solution and by ball-milling. Either by using 1 equiv. of NBS in Ac2O, or 1 equiv. of Ac2O in a vibratory ball-mill, a quantitative bromination occurs with excellent yields and a reduced environmental impact. When the reaction was heated while milling, a fast and efficient ring rearrangement yielded 1,3,4 oxadiazolin 2 ones. Insights concerning the mechanism of the reaction under solvent-less conditions are discussed and the scope of this reaction, including solid anhydrides, is presented.
Towards a universal method for middle-down analysis of antibodies via proton transfer charge reduction – Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Oates Ryan , Lieu Linda , Kline Jake , Mullen Christopher , Srzentić Kristina , Huguet Romain , McAlister Graeme , Huang Jingjing , Bergen David , Melani Rafael , Zabrouskov Vlad , Durbin Kenneth , Syka John , Fornelli Luca
Published: June 2024

Modern mass spectrometry technology allows for extensive sequencing of the ~25 kDa subunits of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced by IdeS proteolysis followed by disulfide bond reduction, an approach known as middle-down mass spectrometry (MD MS). However, the spectral congestion of tandem mass spectra of large polypeptides dramatically complicates fragment ion assignment. Here, we report the development and benchmark of an MD MS strategy based on the combination of different ion fragmentation techniques with proton transfer charge reduction (PTCR) to simplify the gas-phase sequencing of mAb subunits. Applied on the liquid chromatography time scale using an Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometer, PTCR produces easy-to-interpret mass spectra with limited ion signal overlap. We demonstrate that the accurate estimation of the number of charges submitted to the Orbitrap mass analyzer after PTCR allows for the detection of charge-reduced product ions over a wide mass-over-charge (m/z) window with low parts per million m/z accuracy. Therefore, PTCR-based MD MS analysis increases not only sequence coverage, number of uniquely identified fragments and number of assigned complementary ion pairs, but also the general confidence in the assignment of subunit fragments. This data acquisition method can be readily applied to any class of mAbs without an apparent need for optimization, and benefits from the high resolving power of the Orbitrap mass analyzer to return sequence coverage of individual subunits exceeding 80% in a single run, and >90% when just two experiments are combined.
Zaagi’idiwin: Reflections on Love, Indigenous Teaching Practice, and the Hoop Dance Project
Authors: Hill Lauren , John Beany
Published: June 2024

This paper reflects on an elementary school hoop dance project organized by awhite music teacher, taught by an Indigenous hoop dancer, and guided by the Anishinabek goodlife teachings. It suggests that the hoop dance project, and specifically the hoop dancer’s teaching approach, allowed students to experience new, unique, and beneficial learning that engaged the first goodlife teaching: Zaagi’idiwin (love). Furthermore, the experience was a valuable exampleof Indigenous educational practice, centering relationship and participation. The research argues that current educational realities can impede these best practices and run counter to healthy, holistic and culturally based learning.
Les préjugés envers les personnes mineures comme frein à l’action climatique: quand les enfants ne sont plus insouciants
Authors: Lepage Caroline
Published: June 2024

Le droit actuel accorde des droits aux personnes mineures qui concernent soit la capacité d’agir en matière de changements climatiques, soit le droit à un environnement sain. Cependant, il limite leur pouvoir d’exercer directement ces droits. Ces limitations découlent de la conception sociale de l’enfant, laquelle comporte sa part de préjugés. Deux objectifs peuvent être associés à des conceptions sociales de l’enfant parfois en tension, soit sa protection et la promotion de son autonomie. L’incapacité d’exercice de principe de la personne mineure, laquelle a été invoquée par la jurisprudence en matière d’action climatique, constitue une première limitation. L’incapacité de jouissance en matière de droit de vote en est une seconde. Tant les normes internationales que quasi-constitutionnelles permettent, cependant, de fournir des assises juridiques à une action climatique des enfants et des adolescents.
 
Certaines normes déjà existantes permettent de favoriser l’action climatique des enfants et des adolescents; d’autres solutions à ce que nous concevons comme étant un problème nécessiteraient des modifications législatives. D’une part, une mise en œuvre concrète du droit à la participation prévu à la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant et l’exercice de recours par les représentants légaux des personnes mineures sont des moyens de favoriser l’action climatique des personnes mineures qui découlent du droit actuel. D’autre part, une modification du seuil d’âge requis pour l’obtention du droit de vote et la création d’une nouvelle exception à l’incapacité d’exercice de la personne mineure en matière d’action collective seraient des moyens d’écarter des obstacles à l’action climatique des jeunes nécessitant des modifications législatives. Nous concluons que la protection des personnes mineures pourra être réalisée au moyen d’une plus grande autonomie qui leur serait accordée.
Mind the Gap: Toussaint and the Reception of International Human Rights Law in Canada
Authors: Lantz Karinne
Published: June 2024

This article explores the reception of international human rights law (“IHRL”) in Canada and the enforcement gap that may arise when legislation is not passed expressly implementing human rights treaties that Canada has ratified. Despite establishing a variety of interpretive methods that may result in Canada’s binding IHRL obligations having domestic effect even when they are not expressly implemented, Canadian courts have struggled to provide clear and consistent guidance on how IHRL applies in Canada. The selective approach in Canada to implementing legislatively IHRL obligations may give rise to an enforcement gap when rights individuals purportedly enjoy under international law are found to have no domestic effect.
To demonstrate this gap, this article focuses on litigation brought by the late Nell Toussaint, who lived in Canada and was denied federal health insurance coverage when facing life-threatening medical conditions due to her then-irregular migrant status. Exploring Ms. Toussaint’s unsuccessful domestic claim that her rights to health, life, and non-discrimination were violated by Canada and her advocates’ ongoing efforts to ensure that Canada abides by the subsequent determination of the United Nations Human Rights Committee that Canada violated her rights to life and non-discrimination under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, this article demonstrates how not expressly implementing ratified human rights treaties can create a barrier to IHRL being effective domestically in Canada.
Unpacking the Power of Legal Definition: Changing the Legal Narrative Around Sex Trafficking and Sex Work in Canada
Authors: Wood Holly
Published: June 2024

Human Trafficking is a growing crime worldwide, 71% of which is dominated by the crime of sex trafficking. With recent Canadian legal cases such as Canada (Attorney General) v Bedford, there is growing debate about sex trafficking and sex work. This paper will discuss legal and societal prejudice against sex trafficking and sex work in Canada using prior research and will discuss current statistics surrounding sex trafficking, human trafficking prosecutions, and police responses to sex trafficking and sex work. Using a sociolegal lens, this article will discuss how society’s wide-ranging perceptions of sex work have influenced the law in recent decades, and how the law has come to shape society’s current legal and moral prejudice against sex trafficking and sex work. Further, this paper will discuss how these perceptions have helped or hindered the work of law enforcement, crown attorneys and judges and will discuss how the law is not evolving at the same pace as the crime of human trafficking.
Law as Prejudice: Codifying the Other
Authors: Spano Isabella
Published: June 2024

Recalling the theme of the present Research Series Law and Prejudice, this closing article harnesses the conceptual framework proposed by Everett Zimmermann in his semantic analysis of “Pride and Prejudice” to examine the interplay between law, pride, and prejudice. In Zimmermann, “pride” and “prejudice” are both opposite and interconnected qualities, like communicating vessels characterized by the same egoistic “self” as their core. Transposing this analysis into the legal domain, the article explores how the law, akin to “pride,” can reproduce the latter’s characteristics of detachment and perceived superiority, ultimately facilitating attempts at codifying “prejudice.” In this dynamic, the law—through its normative power and façade of objectivity—can become an instrument of marginalization, segregation, and discrimination.
This article contends that the law’s supposed objectivity and normative authority transform it into a tool of superiority, not unlike pride in Zimmermann. By examining this dynamic, the article reveals how the law has been used numerous times to justify and normalize prejudice, creating the paradigm of “law as prejudice,” beyond “law as pride.” Through the lens of “othering,” the article illustrates how the law segregates by codifying the differences between “the Self” and “the Other,” sometimes under the guise of protection or benevolence, thereby justifying exclusion and discrimination. The analysis is anchored in the case study of the Canadian settler policies of assimilation of Indigenous Peoples, which show the destructive normative power of the “law as prejudice” paradigm. The article offers insights into the complex relationship between law, pride, and prejudice, and the pivotal role of the egoistic Self as “lawmaker of othering.”
The Future of Legal Education Will Be Queer
Authors: Dry Marie
Published: June 2024

This article explores how legal education can be made queer-er in the future. Drawing on personal experiences in law school, the author examines the potential of queering legal education to foster inclusivity and challenge heteronormative structures of learning and teaching. The article presents examples of spaces where queer approaches to teaching and learning may be deployed and examples of heteronormative, career-oriented, and individualistic practices in law school. Key themes of representation, non-futurity, failure, community, and utopia are employed to reveal biases inherent in various aspects of legal education, such as time, space, curriculum, faculty, and student experiences. Queer perspectives draw our attention to critically examine pervasive elements within law faculties such as productivity, excellence, adversarial processes, and individualism which prevent law schools from meaningfully integrating “outsider perspectives” such as queer theory. By embracing negativity, transgression, collectivity, and hope as philosophies of legal education, the author argues that law schools can provide students with the tools to articulate their relationship to the legal order in a more creative, politicized, and holistic manner. This article advocates for a future where law faculties actively embrace and integrate teachings from queer theory into their curriculum and pedagogical practices.
Optimizing conditions to improve polyphenol content and screening antioxidant capacity with DNA protection activity of Perilla frutescens
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Thien Kim , Truong Huynh Anh Vu , Nguyen Hoang Khue Tu
Published: June 2024

Polyphenols are among the natural antioxidants that have been exploited in recent years for their safe and effective ability against oxidative stress. This project aimed to optimize 3 factor-conditions affecting total polyphenols extracted from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt as well as DNA protection activity of polyphenols for applications in the fields of dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and health care. All extracts contained phenolic compounds and exhibited good antioxidant ability through a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The total polyphenolic compounds varied from 6.056 ± 0.08 to 9.630 ± 0.127 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per 1 g dry weight (dw). The highest phenolic content yield was extracted at 70°C for 60 minutes at a pH of 7.0. However, a sample with the highest polyphenol content had a lower residual DNA concentration than the extract (55°C, 60 min, and pH 6.0) with the greatest reducing power. The result of the DNA protection assay also indicated that the extraction concentration and pH condition had a significant effect on preventing DNA from being damaged by free radicals. The study found the conditions for improving polyphenol in the extraction of P. frutescens (L.) Britt with the aid of Box-Behnken Design. This research also proposed that P. frutescens (L.) Britt is a good source showing DNA protection and antioxidant activity for healthcare.
Identification and characteristics of MYB4 transcript factor related to regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in peanut
Authors: Kha Hoang , Nguyen Quang Duc Tien
Published: June 2024

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an economically valuable crop, provides protein and oil for human and animal consumption. The transcription factor MYB4 has been identified as a potential drought tolerance gene in peanut. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the MYB4 gene in the L14 peanut cultivar. The isolated AhL14_MYB4 gene was found to be 1.1 kb long, with a 663 bp coding sequence containing 3 exons and 2 introns. In silico analysis showed that AhL14_MYB4 possesses a nuclear localization signal and two DNA-binding domains characteristic of transcription factors. The findings revealed key molecular features of AhL14_MYB4 and provided insights into improving drought resistance in peanut varieties. Further research on AhL14_MYB4 may aid efforts to enhance drought tolerance in local peanut cultivars through molecular breeding or genetic engineering. Overall, this finding about preliminary characterization of the peanut MYB4 gene lays the groundwork for potential genetic improvements to this economically important crop.
Across Modernity and Tradition: Satyajit Ray’s Subtle Contestation of the Nation-State
Authors: Ishan Fouzdar
Published: June 2024

Modernity deserves a place amidst the two or three words that, according to Raymond Williams, were the most complicated in English language. In this article, I unpack the term, argue that it pervades the discipline of International Relations (IR) and demonstrate its contestation in the work of Satyajit Ray. I start with the second task first by sketching the normalization of the idea of the nation-state in IR and show how this idea forms a point in the constellation of modernity as described by the modernisation school of development. I argue that this constellation-view is reflective of the mainstream theorisation of modernity which views it as a package. From here, I undertake the former task of unpacking the term for which I rely on the works of Sudipta Kaviraj. Finally, as Kaviraj contests the mainstream theorisation of modernity by putting forth a new framework (‘sequential modernity’), I demonstrate how the films of Satyajit Ray performed a similar and subtle contestation of the same. By examining his movies such as the Apur Sangsar and Pratidwandi, I argue that Ray symbolised the ‘Bengal Renaissance’ which stood for syncretism and coexistence. Drawing on Bengal’s intellectual class’ openness to cultures worldwide, I conclude this paper by highlighting the need for theorizing beyond the Hobbesian view of anarchy prevalent in IR.
Pan-Indian Cinema: Dominance and the Industrial Evolution of Creative Cultures
Authors: Krishna Sankar Kusuma  , Saroj Kumar
Published: June 2024

The concept of "Pan-Indian cinema" has gained significant traction in recent years. While Hindi films traditionally attempted a nationwide appeal, South Indian film industries have emerged as major players in this space. Blockbusters like Baahubali, KGF, RRR, and Pushpa showcase a distinct "Pan-Indian" approach, with storylines and production values that transcend regional boundaries. This paper investigates the factors driving this new wave of Pan-Indian cinema. Does the rise of new media technologies, OTT platforms, and increased investment play a key role? Does the socio-political climate of India also contribute? By examining the trends, elements, and potential formula behind these successful films, this paper aims to understand the landscape of Pan-Indian cinema and its potential future.
Celluloid Transformations: Decoding the Socio-Cultural Landscape of Indian Cinema
Authors: Abhishek K. Singh
Published: June 2024

Indian cinema is undergoing a metamorphosis, with filmmakers moving beyond pure entertainment to critically engage with social realities. This research explores this shift, examining how films portray evolving social issues and cultural changes, how these resonate with a tech-savvy youth audience, and ultimately, the role cinema plays in shaping social norms and perceptions within Indian society. By analysing existing research, selected films, and conducting a pilot study, this project aims to illuminate the dynamic interplay between Indian cinema's evolving narratives and the ever-changing social landscape.
АНАЛИЗ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЦЕПЯМИ ПОСТАВОК И ИХ АКТУАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ В РОССИИ
Authors: Улимаева А. Р. , Смирнов Д. С.
Published: June 2024

В данной статье подробно рассмотрен такой термин, как «управление цепями поставок» (УЦП), день ото дня приобретающий все большую актуальность. Главной целью является проведение анализа системы УЦП в России с акцентом на выявление ключевых тенденций и вызовов, с которыми сталкиваются компании и организации в области логистики. А также подчеркивается важность УЦП как стратегического актива для современных предприятий. Для достижения цели исследования были использованы методы анализа текущего состояния УЦП, а также исследования тенденций в области логистики в российском контексте. Был проведен анализ данных, а также оценка влияния УЦП на эффективность, издержки и удовлетворение клиентов. В ходе исследования были выявлены основные проблемы в системе УЦП в России. УЦП оказалось неотъемлемой частью успешного функционирования предприятий, способствующей оптимизации снабжения, увеличению эффективности и снижению издержек. Это также позволяет компаниям адаптироваться к быстро меняющимся рыночным условиям, управлять рисками и повышать конкурентоспособность. УЦП представляет собой важное стратегическое направление для компаний, позволяя им не только обеспечивать гибкость в экономической среде, но и успешно справляться с возникающими трудностями. Поэтому внимание к системе УЦП является неотъемлемой частью стратегии развития современных организаций.
The Efforts of Stunting Prevention Through Increasing Maternal Knowledge: a Cross Sectional Study in Pemalang, Central Java
Authors: Anik Enikmawati  , Ratnasari Nita Yunianti , Wijayanti  , Sri Handayani
Published: June 2024

Stunting refers to a condition characterized by short or very short stature based on the length/height for age, below -2 Standard Deviation (SD) on the WHO growth curve. This condition typically appears from chronic malnutrition, which is often linked to low socioeconomic status, inadequate nutritional intake, maternal health issues, a pattern of recurrent illness, and inappropriate feeding practices during infancy and early childhood. Stunting becomes a serious health problem and requires immediate treatment. In this case, the Indonesian government has made several efforts to improve the reduction of stunting as stated in the 2018 national plan. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 22,2% or 149,2 million children under 5 years old will be stunted by 2020. This research is quantitative type with a cross sectional approach. The independent variable in this study involved mothers' knowledge about stunting as well as being the population, while the dependent variable was the prevention efforts in toddlers. The sampling technique employed probability sampling, namely by stratified random sampling. Inclusion criteria in this study were: a) Mothers and children under five, who live in the RW 01 area of Banyumudal Village, Moga District, Pemalang Regency; b) Mothers who have children under five years old; c) Understand Indonesian; d) Physically and mentally healthy, and e) Willing to be a respondent. The results of the Chi Square test with an error degree of α = 0,05 obtained a p value = 0,001 < α = 0,05. It means that there is a correlation between maternal knowledge about stunting and efforts to prevent it in toddlers in RW 01 Banyumudal Village, Moga District, Pemalang Regency. Stunting will affect long-term brain development, which in turn affects cognitive ability and school performance
Depression, Anxiety, Stress Correlated with Suicide Idea on Students of The Faculty of Health
Authors: Musfara Deah Dwi , Wiwik Widiyawati  , Widya Lita Fitrianur
Published: June 2024

The occurrence of suicide in the world had never decreased, this started with the emergence of suicidal ideas, which originated from several mental and physical health disorders, but currently most of the younger generation, especially students, experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress which caused many students to choose to end their life due to various pressures during education. This research aimed to determine the correlation between depression, stress, anxiety, and suicide idea. This research was a study using a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional research design. The data collection used a questionnaire filling system involving 215 students from the Faculty of Health, University of Muhammadiyah Gresik, a significance value of 0.01 (p-value < 0.05) was obtained for each independent variable which was related to the dependent variable, this shown that depression, anxiety and stress were related to suicide idea. It could be concluded that depression, anxiety, and stress correlated with suicide idea at the Faculty of Health, University of Muhammadiyah Gresik. Psychological disorders that made students uncomfortable greatly influence the emergence of suicide idea. Thus, this needed to be resolved considering the correlation between depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide idea on students of the Faculty of Health, University of Muhammadiyah Gresik. Such as providing mental health care or counseling facilities that guarantee the safety or mental health of students with the aim of improving psychological health and minimizing the risk of suicidal ideation caused by depression, anxiety and stress
التجريد من الإنسانية
Authors: Shehata Mahmoud Abdel Moneim
Published: June 2024

تلقي هذه الدراسة الضوء على الكيفية التي يرى بها المتطرفون أيديولوجيا معارضيهم، وتستعرض الآليات النفسية لهذه النظرة وهي: التقييم الاجتماعي كآلية تحكم معرفي وتنظيم سلوك من خلال ربط سلوك بشخص، ثم ربطه بقيمة، يؤدي هذا التقييم إلى الإرهاب؛ نتيجة تقييمات ومعرفة أخلاقية تحدد الحكم الخلقي. وتشوه هذا الحكم سمة مميزة للإرهابي، تم حين انصهرت هويته الشخصية وهويته الاجتماعية مع عضوية جماعة؛ فتحولت إلى هوية جمعية، استنادًا لها رأى معارضي جماعته ليسوا بشرًا فاستبعدهم من منظومة الأخلاق تبريرًا لإيذائهم؛ ومن ثم يعد التجريد من الإنسانية مركز التحول إلى الإرهاب، مع هذا لم يحظَ باهتمام باحثين عرب. ولتجاوز هذه الفجوة، تتبع هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لوصف التجريد من الإنسانية، وقد أظهرت النتائج أن التقييم الاجتماعي ظاهرة نفسية اجتماعية مهمة لتكوين علاقات متبادلة بين الأفراد، ويتضمن التقييم الاجتماعي إصدار أحكام أخلاقية تعد نتاج عمليات نفسية اجتماعية. وأن التنظيمات المتطرفة تشوه أحكام بعض أعضائها بواسطة آلياتها في تغير التفكير، وجوهر هذا التشوه تجريد معارضيها من إنسانيتهم، ولهذا التجريد من الإنسانية عواقب خطيرة إنسانيًّا ونفسيًّا واجتماعيًّا واقتصاديًّا.
وتوصي الدراسة بأهمية تطوير مقياس عربي، يتناول كيفية قياس التجريد من الإنسانية حتى يمكن التنبؤ بالمهيئين لتجريد غيرهم من إنسانيتهم، وتطوير برامج تدخل نفسي، تستهدف هؤلاء المهيئين للحد من خطرهم.