bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partner distress in the context of adult anorexia nervosa: The role of patients' perceived negative consequences of AN and partner behaviors
Authors: Fischer Melanie S. , Baucom Donald H. , Kirby Jennifer S. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: August 2014

Objective

Romantic partners can play an important role in the recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN). It is important to understand partners' behaviors and variables associated with their own distress. The aim was to examine associations of patients' perceived negative consequences of AN, behavioral strategies employed by partners, and partner distress.

Method

We used a cross‐sectional design to assess associations between self‐reports of patients' perceived negative consequences of AN, partners' caregiver distress, negative affect, relationship satisfaction, and observational coding measures of partners' behavioral strategies of change promotion and acceptance/validation. Sixteen adult patient‐partner dyads in committed relationships were assessed at baseline of a couple‐based intervention for AN.

Results

Partners' change promotion moderated the association between patients' perceived negative consequences of AN and partners' caregiver distress. Partners' acceptance/validation was associated with partners' negative affect.

Discussion

This report represents the first description of specific partner behaviors in the context of AN. Partners who reported the least distress were those who were trying to promote changes in AN behaviors in patients who reported high negative consequences of AN, and partners who were trying to show understanding of the patients' experience. Future studies should examine the impact of partner behaviors on AN treatment outcome. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:67–71)
Shell Middens, Cultural Chronologies, and Coastal Settlement on the Rhode River Sub‐Estuary of Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA
Authors: Rick Torben C. , Reeder‐Myers Leslie A. , Cox C. Jane , Sperling Stephanie T. , Jansen Alex , Hines Anson H.
Published: August 2014

North America's Atlantic Coast has been a focus of human settlement and subsistence for millennia, but sea‐level rise, sedimentation, and other processes pose significant challenges for archaeological research. Radiocarbon dating of 31 shell middens near the Rhode River Estuary, Maryland provides an opportunity to evaluate human land use, settlement, and cultural chronologies on the Chesapeake Bay. Sixty calibrated radiocarbon dates on eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shell and charcoal demonstrate that Native Americans, colonial, and historic peoples harvested oysters and other shellfish from at least 3200 years ago through the 19th century. The number of dated sites increases during the Late Woodland period after about 1000 cal yr B.P., a factor probably related to greater site visibility and preservation, as well as increased human exploitation of the watershed. Accumulation rates for five of the shell middens provide preliminary indications that some of the sites accumulated rapidly suggesting, along with other evidence, that many of the region's shell middens were logistical or perhaps seasonal camps. Our study demonstrates the importance of regional watershed surveys and radiocarbon dating programs to help build and refine cultural chronologies in coastal regions threatened by sea‐level rise and other processes.
pH sensitivity of carbon dioxide conversion catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase
Authors: Xia Shunxiang , Wang Ping , Kim Jungbae
Published: August 2014

Biological conversion of carbon dioxide has been examined with growing interest in recent years for its potential in reduction of greenhouse gas emission. While many conversion routes have been suggested and demonstrated, understanding the constraints and limits of such reaction routes, either in vivo or in vitro, is becoming increasingly important. The current work examines the pH sensitivity of the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase with respect to its potentials in carbon capture and conversion via both experimental measurements and theoretical analysis. As a result, the reaction equilibrium constant determined experimentally shifted by a factor of ∼500‐fold when pH changed between 5 and 9. Thermodynamic analysis agreed well with such a pH sensitivity, indicating the impact of pH on Gibbs free energy of the species involved in the reaction helped to shift the reaction equilibrium.
A systematic review of interventions to detect dementia or cognitive impairment
Authors: Mukadam Naaheed , Cooper Claudia , Kherani Nishin , Livingston Gill
Published: August 2014

Background

Memory services have been implemented nationally to increase early dementia diagnosis, and further evaluation of their impact and other strategies to increase timely dementia diagnosis are needed.

Aims

To systematically review the literature for interventions intended to increase the detection of dementia or suspected dementia or people presenting with memory complaints.

Method

We searched electronic databases, hand searched references and contacted authors of included papers, contacted field experts and UK charities and councils for data about their dementia awareness programmes.

Results

We included 13 studies, of which four were randomised controlled trials (RCT). Two RCTs found that general practitioner (GP) education increased suspected dementia cases. One RCT found up to six home visits from a specialist geriatric nurse over 30 months increased the rate of accurately diagnosed dementia. There was preliminary evidence from non‐randomised studies that memory clinics increase timely diagnosis, but no evidence they increase the overall diagnosis rate.

Conclusions

There is good quality evidence that GP education increases the number of suspected dementia cases but not accurate or earlier dementia diagnoses. One RCT reported that multiple visits from a trained nurse increase the diagnosis rate. There is no cost effectiveness evidence. Our findings suggest good quality RCTs are needed to test the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of interventions to increase dementia detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomised, double‐blind study in adults with major depressive disorder with an inadequate response to a single course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor treatment switched to vortioxetine or agomelatine
Authors: Montgomery Stuart A. , Nielsen Rebecca Z. , Poulsen Lis H. , Häggström Lars
Published: August 2014

Objective

This randomised, double‐blind, 12‐week study compared efficacy and tolerability of flexible‐dose treatment with vortioxetine (10–20 mg/day) versus agomelatine (25–50 mg/day) in major depressive disorder patients with inadequate response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) monotherapy.

Methods

Patients were switched directly from SSRI/SNRI to vortioxetine or agomelatine. Primary endpoint was change from baseline to week 8 in the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score analysed by mixed model for repeated measurements, using a noninferiority test followed by a superiority test. Secondary endpoints included response and remission rates, anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), Clinical Global Impression, overall functioning (Sheehan Disability Scale), health‐related quality of life (EuroQol 5 Dimensions), productivity (work limitation questionnaire) and family functioning (Depression and Family Functioning Scale).

Results

Primary endpoint noninferiority was established and vortioxetine (n = 252) was superior to agomelatine (n = 241) by 2.2 MADRS points (p < 0.01). Vortioxetine was also significantly superior in response and remission rates at weeks 8 and 12; MADRS, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Sheehan Disability Scale and EuroQol 5 Dimensions scores at week 4 onwards; work limitation questionnaire at week 8 and Depression and Family Functioning Scale at weeks 8 and 12. Fewer patients withdrew because of adverse events with vortioxetine (5.9% vs 9.5%). Adverse events (incidence ≥5%) were nausea, headache, dizziness and somnolence.

Conclusions

Vortioxetine was noninferior and significantly superior to agomelatine in major depressive disorder patients with previous inadequate response to a single course of SSRI/SNRI monotherapy. Vortioxetine was safe and well tolerated. © 2014 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical review of public health regulations of titanium dioxide, a human food additive
Authors: Jovanović Boris
Published: August 2014

From 1916 to 2011, an estimated total of 165 050 000 metric tons of titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment were produced worldwide. Current safety regulations on the usage of the TiO2 pigment as an inactive ingredient additive in human food are based on legislation from 1969 and are arguably outdated. This article compiles new research results to provide fresh data for potential risk reassessment. However, even after 45 years, few scientific research reports have provided truly reliable data. For example, administration of very high doses of TiO2 is not relevant to daily human uptake. Nevertheless, because dose makes the poison, the literature provides a valuable source for understanding potential TiO2 toxicity after oral ingestion. Numerous scientific articles have observed that TiO2 can pass and be absorbed by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract; can bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in the tissues of mammals and other vertebrates; has a very limited elimination rate; and can cause histopathological and physiological changes in various organs of animals. Such action is contrary to the 1969 decision to approve the use of TiO2 as an inactive ingredient in human food without an established acceptable daily intake, stating that neither significant absorption nor tissue storage following ingestion of TiO2 was possible. Thus, relevant governmental agencies should reassess the safety of TiO2 as an additive in human food and consider establishing an acceptable maximum daily intake as a precautionary measure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:10–20. © 2014 The Author. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

Key Points

During the period 1916-2011 a total of 165,050,000 metric tonnes of titanium dioxide pigment have been produced worldwide Current safety regulations on the usage of TiO2 pigment as an inactive ingredient additive in the human food are based on legislation from 1969 and are arguably outdated. Numerous scientific papers point that TiO2 can pass and be absorbed by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract; can bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in the tissues of mammals and other vertebrates; has a very limited elimination rate; and can cause histopathological and physiological changes in various organs of animals. Reassessment on the safety of TiO2 as an additive in human food should be immediately performed by relevant government agencies.
Tissue‐specific insulin signaling in the regulation of metabolism and aging
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Liu Feng
Published: August 2014

In mammals, insulin signaling regulates glucose homeostasis and plays an essential role in metabolism, organ growth, development, fertility, and lifespan. The defects in this signaling pathway contribute to various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, reducing the insulin signaling pathway has been found to increase longevity and delay the aging‐associated diseases in various animals, ranging from nematodes to mice. These seemly paradoxical findings raise an interesting question as to how modulation of the insulin signaling pathway could be an effective approach to improve metabolism and aging. In this review, we summarize current understanding on tissue‐specific functions of insulin signaling in the regulation of metabolism and lifespan. We also discuss the potential benefits and limitations in modulating tissue‐specific insulin signaling pathway to improve metabolism and healthspan. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(7):485–495, 2014
Systemic drugs inducing non‐immediate cutaneous adverse reactions and contact sensitizers evoke similar responses in THP‐1 cells
Authors: Gonçalo Margarida , Martins João , Silva Ana , Neves Bruno , Figueiredo Américo , Cruz Teresa , Lopes Celeste
Published: August 2014

Contact sensitizers induce phenotypic and functional changes in dendritic cells (DC) that enhance their antigen‐presenting capacity and, ultimately, modulate the T cell response. To evaluate if there is a similar effect of drugs causing T‐cell‐mediated cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), we studied the in vitro effect of drugs on THP‐1 cells, a cell line widely used to evaluate the early molecular and cellular events triggered by contact sensitizers. The effect of allopurinol, oxypurinol, ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate, at EC30 concentrations, was evaluated on p38 MAPK activation, by Western Blot, and on the expression of genes coding for DC maturation markers, pro‐inflammatory cytokine/chemokines and hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX1), by real‐time RT‐PCR. Results were compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a DC maturation stimulus, and the strong contact sensitizer, 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNFB). All drugs studied significantly upregulated HMOX1 gene transcription and all, except the anticonvulsants, also upregulated IL8. Allopurinol and oxypurinol showed the most intense effect, in a magnitude similar to DNFB and superior to betalactams. Transcription of CD40, IL12B and CXCL10 genes by drugs was more irregular. Moreover, like DNFB, all drugs activated p38 MAPK, although significantly only for oxypurinol. Like contact sensitizers, drugs that cause non‐immediate CADR activate THP‐1 cells in vitro, using different signalling pathways and affecting gene transcription with an intensity that may reflect the frequency and severity of the CADR they cause. Direct activation of antigen‐presenting DC by systemic drugs may be an important early step in the pathophysiology of non‐immediate CADR. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective role of L‐ascorbic acid, N‐acetylcysteine and apocynin on neomycin‐induced hair cell loss in Zebrafish
Authors: Wu Chia‐Yen , Lee Han‐Jung , Liu Chi‐Fang , Korivi Mallikarjuna , Chen Hwei‐Hsien , Chan Ming‐Huan
Published: August 2014

Hair cells are highly sensitive to environmental insults and other therapeutic drugs. The adverse effects of drugs such as aminoglycosides can cause hair cell death and lead to hearing loss and imbalance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of L‐ascorbic acid, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and apocynin on neomycin‐induced hair cell damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Results showed that the loss of hair cells within the neuromasts of the lateral lines after neomycin exposure was evidenced by a significantly lower number of neuromasts labeled with fluorescent dye FM1‐43FX observed under a microscope. Co‐administration with L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin protected neomycin‐induced hair cell loss within the neuromasts. Moreover, these three compounds reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuromasts exposed to neomycin, indicating that their antioxidant action is involved. In contrast, the neuromasts were labeled with specific fluorescent dye Texas‐red conjugated with neomycin to detect neomycin uptake. Interestingly, the uptake of neomycin into hair cells was not influenced by these three antioxidant compounds. These data imply that prevention of hair cell damage against neomycin by L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin might be associated with inhibition of excessive ROS production, but not related to modulating neomycin uptake. Our findings conclude that L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin could be used as therapeutic drugs to protect aminoglycoside‐induced listening impairment after further confirmatory studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Survey on Technical Aspects of Laparoscopic Liver resection: a web‐based study on the global diffusion of laparoscopic liver surgery prior to the 2nd International Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Iwate, Japan
Authors: Hibi Taizo , Cherqui Daniel , Geller David A. , Itano Osamu , Kitagawa Yuko , Wakabayashi Go
Published: August 2014

The technique of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been greatly improved since the first international consensus conference. Our aim was to evaluate the worldwide spread of LLR prior to the 2nd International Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Iwate, Japan (4–6 October 2014). The International Survey on Technical Aspects of Laparoscopic Liver resection was designed to assess dissemination of LLR, indications, and the surgical techniques. The anonymous questionnaire was e‐mailed to liver surgeons worldwide. A total of 448 liver surgeons responded to the survey. The peak age range of surgeons performing LLR was 41–50 years. Japan had by far the largest number of respondents (n = 223), followed by the US (n = 38) and France (n = 20). In Japan, the majority of surgeons performing LLR belonged to community hospitals, where LLR has been increasingly used since its implementation in 2009 or later, comprising up to 40% of all liver resection cases. In contrast, in North America and Europe, LLR was mostly performed at academic medical centers. LLR has undergone global dissemination after the first international consensus conference in 2008. Japan has experienced unparalleled, explosive diffusion characterized by the adoption of LLR at middle‐tier, regional institutions.
Rapid flooding of the southern Vietnam shelf during the early to mid‐Holocene
Authors: TJALLINGII RIK , STATTEGGER KARL , STOCCHI PAOLO , SAITO YOSHIKI , WETZEL ANDREAS
Published: August 2014

A new sea‐level record derived from coastal deposits of the South Vietnam shelf covers the deglacial sea‐level history between 13.0 and 9.0 ka BP. This record reveals a relatively constant rate of sea‐level rise and matches well with model results based on the RSES‐ANU global ice‐sheet model. However, the sea‐level observations reveal a significant discrepancy with model results based on the ICE‐5G global ice‐sheet model, which further questions the existence of Meltwater Pulse 1B The incised‐valley deposits of the South Vietnam shelf also complete the deglacial coastal evolution of southern Vietnam. The regional sea‐level records of the South Vietnam shelf, the Mekong Delta and the Cambodian lowlands reveal an offset of about 18 m between 9.0 and 8.2 ka BP. The shoreline retreat of more than 200 km related to this offset was mainly caused by the differential hydro‐isostatic adjustment between the South Vietnam shelf and the Cambodian lowlands. However, the GIA‐model results cannot fully explain this fast relative sea‐level rise due to the topographic changes and, possibly, alternative melt‐water sources not accounted for in the current models.
Taste characteristics based quantitative and qualitative evaluation of ginseng adulteration
Authors: Cui Shaoqing , Yang Liangcheng , Wang Jun , Wang Xinlei
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND

Adulteration of American ginseng with Asian ginseng is common and has caused much damage to customers. Panel evaluation is commonly used to determine their differences, but it is subjective. Chemical instruments are used to identify critical compounds but they are time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, a fast, accurate and convenient method is required. A taste sensing system, combining both advantages of the above two technologies, provides a novel potential technology for determining ginseng adulteration. The aim is to build appropriate models to distinguish and predict ginseng adulteration by using taste characteristics.

RESULTS

It was found that ginsenoside contents decreased linearly (R2 = 0.92) with mixed ratios. A bioplot of principal component analysis showed a good performance in classing samples with the first two principal components reaching 89.7%, and it was noted that it was the bitterness, astringency, aftertaste of bitterness and astringency, and saltiness leading the successful determination. After factor screening, bitterness, astringency, aftertaste of bitterness and saltiness were employed to build latent models. Tastes of bitterness, astringency and aftertaste bitterness were demonstrated to be most effective in predicting adulteration ratio, mean while, bitterness and aftertaste bitterness turned out to be most effective in ginsenoside content prediction.

CONCLUSION

Taste characteristics of adulterated ginsengs, considered as taste fingerprint, can provide novel guidance for determining the adulteration of American and Asian ginseng. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Release of bisphenols from can coatings into canned beer in China market
Authors: Xie Yunfei , Bao Yang , Wang Heya , Cheng Yuliang , Qian He , Yao Weirong
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND

The aim of this research was to understand the migration of bisphenols from can coatings into foods in the Chinese market.

RESULTS

The migration of bisphenols was studied in commercial cans from the Chinese market filled with four types of food simulant (FS), which were heated at 121 °C for 30 min and stored at 40 °C for 30 days. Only bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) were found in the can coatings, and SimC (10% (v/v) ethanol/water) was the most suitable FS for their release. The levels of these bisphenols in 24 kinds of canned beer from Chinese markets were also investigated. The average concentrations of BPA and BADGE were 2.85 ± 0.79 and 0.38 ± 0.19 µg · L−1 respectively, which were both lower than the EU limits, and their respective daily intakes were estimated at 0.015 and 0.0020 µg · kg−1 body weight · day−1. Besides, increasing storage temperature and time accelerated the release of bisphenols into FSs.

CONCLUSION

The present results provide some guidance to reduce the migration of bisphenols during the transport and storage of canned foods. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile Fabrication of Bicomponent CoO/CoFe2O4‐N‐Doped Graphene Hybrids with Ultrahigh Lithium Storage Capacity
Authors: Zhao Changtai , Yu Chang , Liu Shaohong , Yang Juan , Fan Xiaoming , Qiu Jieshan
Published: August 2014

A facile strategy is developed to fabricate bicomponent CoO/CoFe2O4‐N‐doped graphene hybrids (CoO/CoFe2O4‐NG). These hybrids are demonstrated to be potential high‐performance anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The CoO/CoFe2O4 nanoplatelets are finely dispersed on the surface of N‐doped graphene nanosheets (CoO/CoFe2O4‐NG). The CoO/CoFe2O4‐NG electrode exhibits ultrahigh specific capacity with 1172 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 and 970 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 as well as excellent cycle stability due to the synergetic effects of N‐doped graphene and CoO/CoFe2O4 nanoplatelets. The well‐dispersed bicomponent CoO/CoFe2O4 is responsible for the high specific capacity. The N‐doped graphene with high specific surface area has dual roles: to provide active sites for dispersing the CoO/CoFe2O4 species and to function as an electrical conducting matrix for fast charge transfer. This method provides a simple and efficient way to configure the hybridized electrode materials with high lithium storage capacity.
Review of methods for handling confounding by cluster and informative cluster size in clustered data
Authors: Seaman Shaun , Pavlou Menelaos , Copas Andrew
Published: August 2014

Clustered data are common in medical research. Typically, one is interested in a regression model for the association between an outcome and covariates. Two complications that can arise when analysing clustered data are informative cluster size (ICS) and confounding by cluster (CBC). ICS and CBC mean that the outcome of a member given its covariates is associated with, respectively, the number of members in the cluster and the covariate values of other members in the cluster. Standard generalised linear mixed models for cluster‐specific inference and standard generalised estimating equations for population‐average inference assume, in general, the absence of ICS and CBC. Modifications of these approaches have been proposed to account for CBC or ICS. This article is a review of these methods. We express their assumptions in a common format, thus providing greater clarity about the assumptions that methods proposed for handling CBC make about ICS and vice versa, and about when different methods can be used in practice. We report relative efficiencies of methods where available, describe how methods are related, identify a previously unreported equivalence between two key methods, and propose some simple additional methods. Unnecessarily using a method that allows for ICS/CBC has an efficiency cost when ICS and CBC are absent. We review tools for identifying ICS/CBC. A strategy for analysis when CBC and ICS are suspected is demonstrated by examining the association between socio‐economic deprivation and preterm neonatal death in Scotland. © 2014 The Authors.Statistics in Medicinepublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correcting for the dependent competing risk of treatment using inverse probability of censoring weighting and copulas in the estimation of natural conception chances
Authors: van Geloven N. , Geskus R. B. , Mol B. W. , Zwinderman A. H.
Published: August 2014

When estimating the probability of natural conception from observational data on couples with an unfulfilled child wish, the start of assisted reproductive therapy (ART) is a competing event that cannot be assumed to be independent of natural conception. In clinical practice, interest lies in the probability of natural conception in the absence of ART, as this probability determines the need for therapy. We thus want to estimate the marginal cumulative pregnancy distribution. Without assumptions on the dependence structure between the two competing events, this marginal distribution is not identifiable. We first use inverse probability of censoring weighting assuming that the factors influencing the choice to start ART are known. Then, we parameterize the event distributions for conception and for start of ART and use copulas to account for the dependency between both events. By using these two ways of correcting for the dependent risk of treatment, we obtain a plausible estimation region for the cumulative pregnancy curve and for the prognostic effect of tubal tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re: Profiling left and right ventricular proportional output during fetal life with a novel systolic index in the aortic isthmus. J. Chabaneix, J. C. Fouron, A. Sosa‐Olavarria, R. Gendron, N. Dahdah, A. Berger and S. Brisebois. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 176–181
Authors: Rychik J.
Published: August 2014

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 176–181
Re: Influence of the 20‐week anomaly scan on prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal facial clefts. S. Ensing, C. E. Kleinrouweler, S. M. Maas, C. M. Bilardo, C. M. A. M. Van der Horst and E. Pajkrt. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 154–159
Authors: Trudell A. S.
Published: August 2014

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 154–159
Get Over It! A Multilevel Threshold Autoregressive Model for State-Dependent Affect Regulation
Authors: De Haan-Rietdijk Silvia , Gottman John M. , Bergeman Cindy S. , Hamaker Ellen L.
Published: August 2014

Intensive longitudinal data provide rich information, which is best captured when specialized models are used in the analysis. One of these models is the multilevel autoregressive model, which psychologists have applied successfully to study affect regulation as well as alcohol use. A limitation of this model is that the autoregressive parameter is treated as a fixed, trait-like property of a person. We argue that the autoregressive parameter may be state-dependent, for example, if the strength of affect regulation depends on the intensity of affect experienced. To allow such intra-individual variation, we propose a multilevel threshold autoregressive model. Using simulations, we show that this model can be used to detect state-dependent regulation with adequate power and Type I error. The potential of the new modeling approach is illustrated with two empirical applications that extend the basic model to address additional substantive research questions.
Study of the Influence of Gemini Cationic Surfactants on the Dyeing and Fastness Properties of Polyester Fabrics Using Naphthalimide Dyes
Authors: Sadeghi‐Kiakhani Mousa , Gharanjig Kamaladin
Published: August 2014

In this paper, the dyeing and fastness properties of three monoazo naphthalimide dyes including different imide groups (dye 1: ethyl amine, dye 2: ethyl glycinate and dye 3: glycine) on a polyester fabric were investigated in the presence of two gemini cationic surfactants (symbolized as 12‐4‐12 or 14‐4‐14) and a conventional single chain surfactant, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The color strength (K/S) of naphthalimide dyes on polyester fabric was measured through the reflectance spectrophotometric method, and the values obtained in the presence of different cationic surfactants increased in the order of dye 3 < dye 2 < dye 1. Although the K/S values indicated that the gemini cationic surfactants had almost no effect on the dyeing behavior of dye 1, but they were effective in dyeing ability of dye 2 and dye 3. The data for dye 2 demonstrated that build up of polyester fabrics in the presence of gemini surfactants are more than the conventional cationic surfactant, and also K/S values of dye 3 on polyester fabrics were in the order: DTAB > 12‐4‐12 > 14‐4‐14. It was found that the washing and rubbing fastness properties improved with increasing the concentration of surfactants. In addition, the sublimation fastness of dye 3 was more than the other dyes owing to the presence of a polar group in its chemical structure, and the light fastness of naphthalimide dyes on polyester fabrics was generally moderate.
Process management in hospitals: an empirically grounded maturity model
Authors: Cleven Anne Katharina , Winter Robert , Wortmann Felix , Mettler Tobias
Published: August 2014

In order to improve transparency and stabilise health care costs, several countries have decided to reform their healthcare system on the basis of diagnosis-related groups (DRG). DRGs are not only used for classifying medical treatments, but also for case-based reimbursement, hence induce active competition among hospitals, forcing them to become more efficient and effective. In consequence, hospitals are investing considerably in process orientation and management. However, to date there is neither a consensus on what capabilities hospitals need to acquire for becoming process-oriented, nor a general agreement on the sequence of development stages they have to traverse. To this end, this study proposes an empirically grounded conceptualisation of process management capabilities and presents a staged capability maturity model algorithmically derived on the basis of empirical data from 129 acute somatic hospitals in Switzerland. The five capability maturity levels start with ‘encouragement of process orientation’ (level 1), ‘case-by-case handling’ (level 2), and ‘defined processes’ (level 3). Ultimately, hospitals can reach the levels ‘occasional corrective action’ (level 4) and ‘closed loop improvement’ (level 5). The empirically derived model reveals why existing, generic capability maturity models for process management are not applicable in the hospitals context: their comparatively high complexity on the one hand and their strong focus on topics like an adequate IT integration and process automation on the other make them inadequate for solving the problems felt in the hospital sector, which are primarily of cultural and structural nature. We deem the proposed capability maturity model capable to overcome these shortcomings.
Atlas of Oocytes, Zygotes and Embryos in Reproductive Medicine
Authors: Van den Bergh Marc , Ebner Thomas , Elder Kay
Published: August 2014

The assessment and selection of oocytes and embryos is fundamental to the live birth rate data of all IVF units, the parameter that is used to gauge a clinic's success and credibility. This new atlas contains over 1000 high-quality images of oocytes, zygotes and embryos, presented with accompanying data on indications for treatment, stimulation type and duration, as well as short medical histories of each couple and final outcome of treatment. All images in the book can be downloaded from the accompanying CD-ROM. Structured on a patient-by-patient basis, the atlas describes 100 clinically documented case studies that follow the evolution of oocytes and zygotes between day two and day five. Pronuclear morphology and synchrony as well as embryo morphology are reported and described for each case. Written and produced by experienced embryologists, this practical atlas is an important resource for clinical embryologists and physicians in reproductive medicine.
Mean equicontinuity and mean sensitivity
Authors: LI JIAN , TU SIMING , YE XIANGDONG
Published: August 2014

Answering an open question affirmatively it is shown that every ergodic invariant measure of a mean equicontinuous (i.e. mean-L-stable) system has discrete spectrum. Dichotomy results related to mean equicontinuity and mean sensitivity are obtained when a dynamical system is transitive or minimal. Localizing the notion of mean equicontinuity, notions of almost mean equicontinuity and almost Banach mean equicontinuity are introduced. It turns out that a system with the former property may have positive entropy and meanwhile a system with the latter property must have zero entropy.
Compact dynamical foliations
Authors: CARRASCO PABLO D.
Published: August 2014

According to the work of Dennis Sullivan [A counterexample to the periodic orbit conjecture.Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 46(1976), 5–14], there exists a smooth flow on the five-sphere all of whose orbits are periodic, although there is no uniform bound on their periods. The question addressed in this article is whether these type of examples can occur in the partially hyperbolic context. That is, does there exist a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism of a compact manifold such that all the leaves of its center foliation are compact but there is no uniform bound for their volumes? We develop tools to attack the previous question and show that it has a negative answer provided that all periodic leaves have finite holonomy.
Experimental investigation of viscoplastic free-surface flows in a steady uniform regime
Authors: Chambon Guillaume , Ghemmour A. , Naaim M.
Published: August 2014

We present experimental results focused on the hydraulic properties of free-surface flows of viscoplastic fluids. The objective is to investigate the possibility of predicting macroscopic flow properties on the base of conventional rheometrical characterization of the fluids. The experiments are performed in an inclined conveyor-belt channel allowing us to generate gravity-driven surges which remain stationary in the laboratory frame. Two different types of materials are studied: Kaolin slurries and Carbopol microgels. Global height–velocity relationships and local velocity profiles are measured in the uniform zone for different experimental conditions (slope angle, rheological parameters). These data are then compared to theoretical predictions based on the Herschel–Bulkley constitutive law and independent measurements of the rheological parameters. Great care has been devoted to the determination of experimental uncertainties, including those associated with the rheometrical characterization. For Kaolin, the experimental results show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. With Carbopol, on the contrary, a systematic discrepancy between measured and theoretical flow heights is observed. The velocity profiles do nevertheless remain consistent with a Herschel–Bulkley rheology, and we show that all experimental data can be explained by increasing the rheological parameters (yield stress and consistency) by 10–20 % compared to the values measured in the rheometer. Potential interpretations for this discrepancy are discussed.
Ion temperature anisotropy effects on the dispersion relation and threshold conditions of a sheared current-driven electrostatic ion-acoustic instability with applications to the collisional high-latitude F-region
Authors: Perron Patrick J.G. , Noël J.-M. , St-Maurice J.-P. , Kabin K.
Published: August 2014

Plasma instabilities play a important role in producing small-scale irregularities in the ionosphere. In particular, current-driven electrostatic ion-acoustic (CDEIA) instabilities contribute to high-latitude F-region electrodynamics. Ion temperature anisotropies with enhanced perpendicular temperature often exist in the high-latitude F-region. In addition to temperature anisotropies, ion velocity shears are observed near auroral arc edges, sometimes coexisting with thermal ion upflow processes and field-aligned currents (FAC). We investigated whether ion temperature anisotropy lowers the threshold conditions required for the onset of sheared CDEIA instabilities. We generalised a dispersion relation to include ion thermal anisotropy, finite Larmor radius corrections and collisions. We derived new fluid-like analytical expressions for the threshold conditions required for instability that depend explicitly on ion temperature anisotropy. We studied how the instability threshold conditions vary as a function of the wave vector direction in both fluid and kinetic regimes. We found that, despite the dampening effect of collisions on ion-acoustic waves, ion temperature anisotropy lowers in some cases the threshold drift requirements for a large range of oblique wave vector angles. More importantly, realistic ion temperature anisotropies contribute to reducing the instability threshold velocity shears that are associated with small drift thresholds, for modes propagating almost perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. Small shear thresholds that seem to be sustainable in the ionospheric F-region are obtained for low-frequency waves. Such instabilities could play a role in the direct generation of field-aligned irregularities in the collisional F-region that could be observed with the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) array of high-frequency radars. These modes would be very sensitive to the radar probing direction since they are restricted to very narrow angular intervals. The ion temperature anisotropy is an important parameter that needs to be considered in the studies of sheared and collisional CDEIA waves and instabilities in the high-latitude F-region.
Women Lawyers and Their Working Arrangements: Time Crunch, Stress and Career Paths
Authors: Leiper Jean McKenzie
Published: August 2014

Life in industrial societies is governed by different kinds of “time”: mathematical or monochronic time predominates in the workplace but sociocultural or polychronic time prevails at home, particularly where young children are present. Many women report high levels of “time crunch” as they move between these two spheres and these effects are heightened for women in the professions. In this study, I test four hypotheses: women lawyers have higher time crunch levels than women in the general population. Time crunch is heightened among women who take primary responsibility for the care of young children and those who work in large law firms. As women grow older and shed some of the demands of child care, their time crunch levels drop. This study incorporates both quantitative and qualitative approaches: a regression analysis of “time crunch stress” is used to test the major hypotheses and excerpts from unstructured interviews deal with time management problems in the lives of these women. Findings from the regression analysis reveal heightened time crunch stress for the women in this study, particularly if they assume major responsibility for child care. Neither firm size nor age has a statistically significant effect on time crunch stress. Women lawyers are caught between two kinds of time and, over the long term, their careers assume shapes that differ from those of their male counterparts. These divergent career patterns suggest that current career theories are in need of reassessment and revision.
The Compensation of Wrongful Pregnancy in Québec Civil Law
Authors: Langevin Louise
Published: August 2014

The Supreme Court of Canada has recognized the right to reproductive autonomy for women based on the right to liberty protected by section 7 of theCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Thus, it is a woman's choice whether to have children. It follows, therefore, that in the case of a violation of her reproductive autonomy, a woman has a right to compensation. It is in light of these principles that I analyze the wrongful pregnancy cases in Québec civil law. From a feminist analytical framework, I posit that Québec courts have effectively denied women the right to reproductive autonomy by awarding compensation for the cost of child-rearing only in cases where a difficult economic situation is evidenced by the parents. In so doing, the courts have not only refused to fully compensate women for the injuries caused to them, but they continue to reproduce the dominant pronatalist ideology in reproductive matters. This judicial reaction to cases of wrongful pregnancy is another example of the gendered dimension of law.
Ethnicization of the Police in Canada
Authors: Jaccoud Mylène , Felices Maritza
Published: August 2014

In this article, the authors carry out a documentary analysis of the stakes and debates surrounding the policies and practices of the recruitment of ethnicized and racialized groups within the Canadian police services. The analysis of the justifications set forth by the proponents of affirmative action in the police services as well as the identification of the questions which have prompted the debates, criticisms and hesitations regarding this policy bring the authors to conclude that the integration of minorized groups in the police services is less concerned with the redressing of inequities than with the development of a new process of racialization.
Judicial Notice: The Very Texture of Legal Reasoning
Authors: Drummond Susan G.
Published: August 2014

The doctrine of judicial notice has been gaining attention in Canadian jurisprudence. This article begins with an examination of how the doctrine has been recently used in areas such as family law to bring a diversity of community interests into the legal decision-making process. The history of the doctrine in American and Canadian jurisprudence is reviewed along with its principal characterizations in the works of Thayer, Morgan, and Davis. The article goes on to uncover several epistemological problems to which the doctrine is prone and proposes a means of getting out of these philosophical dilemmas while keeping the integrity of the doctrine intact. The article concludes by alluding to the communitarian uses to which the doctrine might be put.
Le Recours collectif québécois: Les Réalités collectives à travers le prisme du droit
Authors: Younes Carole
Published: August 2014

Malgré la remise en question du principe de l'unité et de l'autonomie du droit qui a rendu possible l'intégration de la dynamique sociale dans le droit, l'on constate que le droit continue à souffrir d'un manque de souplesse et d'ouverture et d'une certaine incapacité à saisir la réalité; sociale. Nous verrons à travers l'institution du recours collectif comment le droit déforme et instrumentalise les réalités collectives qu'il était sensé saisir. Ainsi, force est de constater qu'au-delà de sa fonction d'instrument rationnel visant à répondre aux besoins sociaux, le droit contribue en fait à véhiculer sa propre représentation de la réalité conforme à sa logique et à une certaine vision de la société. Par ailleurs et paradoxalement, cette posture d'ouverture du droit sur la réalité sociale le conduit d'en intégrer des aspects et contribue à une certaine visibilité des conflits sociaux.
Bubbles of Governance: Private Policing and the Law in Canada
Authors: Rigakos George S. , Greener David R.
Published: August 2014

In the last three decades, the public-private organization of policing in Canada has undergone significant change. It is now common sociological knowledge that there has been formidable growth in private security alongside evolving forms of private governance. These changing social relations have resulted in the prominence of actuarial practices and agents to enforce them. This paper examines how the Canadian socio-legal context affects and is affected by both private security and new, more aggressive, ‘parapolicing’ organizations. We update the state of knowledge on the powers of private security personnel by examiningCriminal Codeprovisions in apost-Charterlegal environment, comparing provincial trespass Acts, and analyzing how one aggressive ‘Law Enforcement Company’ as well as other private security firms, more generally, are both enabled and constrained by these legal provisions.
Les Organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM) et la société: Le principe de précaution, une norme de régulation du débat social?
Authors: Manga Sylvestre-José-Tidiane
Published: August 2014

L'intervention du génie génétique dans la production de plantes agricoles et de denrées alimentaires n'est pas un domainet réservé aux seuls scientifiques. Les biotechnologies agricoles suscitent un débat social sans précédent. Elles opposent les intérêts des multinationales de l'industrie de la biotechnologie aux préoccupations environnementales des opposants au développement accéléré du recours au génie génétique dans l'agriculture et l'alimentation. Certes, la biotechnologie moderne de la recombinaison de l'ADN peut améliorer la productivité agricole. Toutefois les effets préjudiciables d'une telle technologie sur la diversité biologique et la santé humaine sont de plus en plus dénoncés. Cet article traite de quelques-uns des problèmes sociaux que pose le recours aux OGM dans l'agriculture et l'alimentation et relate l'avènement du principe de précaution dans le commerce international des OGM. L'adoption du principe de précaution dans le Protocole sur la prévention des risques biotechnologiques en fait désormais un cadre de régulation du débat social sur les OGM.
Cartographies of Violence: Women, Memory, and the Subjects of the “Internment”
Authors: Oikawa Mona
Published: August 2014

En 1942, 22 000 personnes d'origine japonaise furent expulsées de leur demeure, en Colombie-Britannique, vers de nombreux camps d'internement. L'expulsion, l'emprisonnement, la dépossession, l'éviction et la déportation de ces Canado-Japonais eurent lieu légalement. Cet article examine quelques-unes des zones d'incarcération et de transition créées conformément à ces lois et les mécanismes de pouvoir qu'elles activèrent. En retraçant la création de ces espaces d'enfermement, on constate le rôle de l'exclusion raciale et des actes de violence dans la constitution de la nation canadienne, et on découvre les conditions des personnes soumises aux lois et procédures évoquées. Leurs récits révèlent les conséquences à long terme de la violence des internements.