bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine structure of the lunar crust and upper mantle in the mare serenitatis derived from gravity multi-scale analysis
Authors: Yu Hangtao , Xu Chuang , Wu Yihao , Li Jinbo , Jian Guangyu , Xu Ming
Published: March 2023

It is significant for revealing the formation mechanism of the lunar Mascon to invert the refined 3-D lunar crust and upper mantle structure of the Mare Serenitatis. As the development of space exploration technology, lunar gravity data has advantages of high accuracy and resolution, which can be used to invert the lunar crust and upper mantle structure. However, gravity anomaly reflects all anomalous material during the whole Moon’s interior, and its vertical structure recognition capability is poor. Thus, this paper adopts wavelet multi-scale analysis method to decompose the gravity anomaly in the Mare Serenitatis for enhancing vertical resolution, and the corresponding field source depths of the decomposed gravity anomalies are further estimated by power spectrum method. Subsequently, the layered densities and the crust-mantle interface depth of the Mare Serenitatis are inverted. The research results show that the 3-D morphological character of two large high-density materials in the Mare Serenitatis is clearly depicted. The southwest high-density material with its bottom center at approximately (15°E, 25°N) has the depth range of 50 km–80 km and the maximum diameter of approximately 150 km. As for the southeast high-density material, its bottom center is located at approximately (23°E, 25°N), the depth range is 30 km–60 km and the maximum diameter is approximately 100 km. Another new finding is that the crust-mantle interface uplift has obviously fallen back in the center of the Mare Serenitatis. The high-density materials and crust-mantle interface uplift may together promote the formation of the Mascon in the Mare Serenitatis.
It's classified: Classification, disability rights and Commonwealth Games
Authors: Quinn Nancy , Misener Laura
Published: March 2023

Sport events are often held up as opportunities to showcase excellence and further access to sport participation. The ethos of accessibility has come to the forefront of many events, but none more so than the Commonwealth Games (CG). CG uses the ethos of inclusivity to bring the Commonwealth (CW) community together and utilizes sport to celebrate, uphold and drive its vision and values: Humanity, Destiny, Equality. However there remain significant gaps in participation opportunities and the realization of equality through CG, particularly for lower resource CW nations. CG is also the only global multisport event that integrates athletes with disabilities (para sport athletes), and yet there persist significant constraints to the creation of equitable opportunities for full participation for many para sport athletes. Shalala wrote “How can you effectively achieve integration (during CG), while ensuring the gulf between the best and the rest doesn't become a seismic divide?” We echo Shalala's concerns. Through this review we intend to examine sport classification as exemplary of the opportunities and hindrances for CG to actualize their values of “equality, humanity and destiny” for para sport and athletes, specifically from developing CW nations, and guard against the growing chasm “between the best and the rest”. Of significance, we consider, through a human rights lens and the concept of structural violence, the impact of sport classification on the integration of para sport and athletes at CGs, and the future of Commonwealth-wide participation and the integrated model itself.
Prevalence of household food insecurity in the marginal area of Birjand, Iran
Authors: Moodi Mitra , Salehiniya Hamid , Mohtashaminia Somayeh , Amininasab Zahra , Arab-Zozani Morteza
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The right to food is a human right. Food insecurity refers to the inability to prepare proper and healthy food. Food insecurity is associated with adverse outcomes among households. To determine the prevalence of food insecurity, its level, and the factors affecting it among households covered by health centers in marginalized areas of Birjand city.

Methods

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 396 households aged 20-60 years covered by health centers in the marginal areas of Birjand in 2019. We used a 9-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) questionnaire. Chi-square, Fisher, and logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS 22 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.

Results

The mean age of the subjects was 34.04 ± 9.41 years. In total, 48% of the subjects had a level of food insecurity, of which 7.6% had severe, 12.6% moderate, and 27.5% mild insecurity. The prevalence of food insecurity in families with low members and higher levels of education is significantly lower (p < 001). Backward Logistic regression showed that illiteracy (OR: 8.26) and primary education (OR: 2.65), rental housing status (OR: 1.69), lower-income levels being covered by support organizations (OR: 3.13), employed members between 3-4 and more than five (OR: 2.73 and 2.93, respectively), and low weight (OR: 2.55) were associated with food insecurity. The prevalence of food insecurity in this study was high.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of insecurity in studied households is an alarm for the authorities, which can be due to poverty and the low level of nutritional literacy of households' heads and mothers. Helping to improve the quality of life of families and food insecurity of households by improving physical and economic access, increasing literacy and nutritional culture, and reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases related to nutrition is a suggested solution.
Which frequency is better for pediatric shock wave lithotripsy? Low intermediate or high: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Kaiwen , Zhou Liang , Zhu Shiyu , Lin Lede , Di Xingpeng , Li Hong
Published: March 2023

Background

To explore the optimal frequency for pediatric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of upper urinary stones.

Methods

A systematic literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify eligible studies published before January 2023. Primary outcomes were perioperative efficacy parameters, including ESWL time, anesthesia time for ESWL sessions, success rates after each session, additional interventions needed, and treatment sessions per patient. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and efficiency quotient.

Results

Four controlled studies involving 263 pediatric patients were enrolled in our meta-analysis. In the comparison between the low-frequency and intermediate-frequency groups, we observed no significant difference as regards anesthesia time for ESWL session (WMD = −4.98, 95% CI −21.55∼11.58, p = 0.56), success rates after ESWL sessions (first session: OR = 0.02 95%CI −0.12∼0.17, p = 0.74; second session: OR = 1.04 95%CI 0.56∼1.90, p = 0.91; third session: OR = 1.62 95%CI 0.73∼3.60, p = 0.24), treatment sessions needed (WMD = 0.08 95%CI −0.21∼0.36, p = 0.60), additional interventions after ESWL (OR=0.99 95%CI 0.40∼2.47, p = 0.99) and rates of Clavien grade 2 complications (OR = 0.92 95%CI 0.18∼4.69, p = 0.92). However, the intermediate-frequency group may exhibit potential benefits in Clavien grade 1 complications. In the comparison between intermediate-frequency and high-frequency, the eligible studies exhibited higher success rates in the intermediate-frequency group after the first session, the second session and the third session. More sessions may be required in the high-frequency group. With respect to other perioperative, postoperative parameters and major complications, the results were similar.

Conclusions

Intermediate-frequency and low-frequency had similar success rates and seemed to be the optimal frequency for pediatric ESWL. Nevertheless, future large-volume, well-designed RCTs are awaited to confirm and update the findings of this analysis.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022333646.
Anesthesia management in a patient with anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from the descending aorta: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Yaru , Yin Xinrui , Han Qiaoyu , Feng Yi , Shi Yi , Liu Gang , Sun Liang
Published: March 2023

Anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the descending aorta is an extremely rare congenital malformation. There were merely four case reports of such malformation in previous literature, and all four cases underwent surgical repair in their first year of life. Actually, long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension and irreversible pulmonary vascular changes make anesthesia management quite a challenge, while anesthesia for managing these cases has not been discussed before. We present a 15-year-old boy undergoing corrective surgery and try to provide some tips on anesthesia management for this surgical procedure. Through optimal perioperative management, successful outcomes can be achieved for this malformation.
Antibody-dependent enhancement of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection downregulates the levels of interferon-gamma/lambdas in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro
Authors: Zhang Liujun , Feng Xing , Wang Huandi , He Shaojun , Fan Hongjie , Liu Deyi
Published: March 2023

Fc gamma receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) can promote virus invasion of target cells, sometimes exacerbating the severity of the disease. ADE may be an enormous hurdle to developing efficacious vaccines for certain human and animal viruses. ADE of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of PRRSV-ADE infection on the natural antiviral immunity of the host cells is yet to be well investigated. Specifically, whether the ADE of PRRSV infection affects the levels of type II (interferon-gamma, IFN-γ) and III (interferon-lambdas, IFN-λs) interferons (IFNs) remains unclear. In this study, our results showed that PRRSV significantly induced the secretion of IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in early infection, and weakly inhibited the production of IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4 in PAMs in late infection. Simultaneously, PRRSV infection significantly increased the transcription of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), ISG56, and 2′, 5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2) in PAMs. In addition, our results showed that PRRSV infection in PAMs via the ADE pathway not only significantly decreased the synthesis of IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4 but also significantly enhanced the generation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Our results also showed that the ADE of PRRSV infection significantly reduced the mRNAs of ISG15, ISG56, and OAS2 in PAMs. In conclusion, our studies indicated that PRRSV-ADE infection suppressed innate antiviral response by downregulating the levels of type II and III IFNs, hence facilitating viral replication in PAMs in vitro. The ADE mechanism demonstrated in the present study furthered our understanding of persistent pathogenesis following PRRSV infection mediated by antibodies.
A Distributed Algorithm for UAV Cluster Task Assignment Based on Sensor Network and Mobile Information
Authors: Yang Jian , Huang Xuejun
Published: March 2023

Cluster formation and task processing are standard features for leveraging the performance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As the UAV network is aided by sensors, functions such as clustering, reformation, and autonomous working are adaptively used for dense task processing. In consideration of the distributed nature of the UAV network coupled with wireless sensors, this article introduces a Rational Clustering Method (RCM) using dense task neighbor information exchange. The Rational Clustering Method (RCM) is an algorithm for dense task neighbor information exchange that can be used to cluster objects according to their shared properties. Each object’s task neighbors, and the similarities between them, are calculated using this method. Starting with the task density of its neighbors, the RCM algorithm gives each object in the dataset a weight. This information exchange process identifies a UAV units’ completing tasks and free slots. Using this information, high-slot UAVs within the communication range can be grouped as clusters. Unlike wireless sensor clusters, task allocation is performed on the basis of available slots and UAV longevity within the cluster; this prevents task incompletion/failures and delays in a densely populated UAV scenario. Cluster sustainability or dispersion is recommended when using distributed state learning. State learning transits between the pending task and UAV longevity; an intermediate state is defined for task reassignment amid immediate cluster deformation. This triple feature-based distributed method balances tasks between failures, overloading, and idle UAVs. The RCM was verified using task processing rate, completion ratio, reassignment, failures, and delay. Task processing rate was increased by 8.16% and completion ratio was increased by 10.3% with the proposed RCM-IE. Reassignment, failure, and delay were all reduced by 12.5%, 9.87%, and 11.99%, respectively, using this method.
Chemotherapy-Induced Molecular Changes in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Pedrosa Mafalda Barbosa , Barbosa Samuel , Vitorino Rui , Ferreira Rita , Moreira-Gonçalves Daniel , Santos Lúcio Lara
Published: March 2023

Paraneoplastic conditions such as cancer cachexia are often exacerbated by chemotherapy, which affects the patient’s quality of life as well as the response to therapy. The aim of this narrative review was to overview the body-composition-related changes and molecular effects of different chemotherapy agents used in cancer treatment on skeletal-muscle remodeling. A literature search was performed using the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and a total of 77 papers was retrieved. In general, the literature survey showed that the molecular changes induced by chemotherapy in skeletal muscle have been studied mainly in animal models and mostly in non-tumor-bearing rodents, whereas clinical studies have essentially assessed changes in body composition by computerized tomography. Data from preclinical studies showed that chemotherapy modulates several molecular pathways in skeletal muscle, including the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, autophagy, IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, IL-6/JAK/STAT, and NF-κB pathway; however, the newest chemotherapy agents are underexplored. In conclusion, chemotherapy exacerbates skeletal-muscle wasting in cancer patients; however, the incomplete characterization of the chemotherapy-related molecular effects on skeletal muscle makes the development of new preventive anti-wasting strategies difficult. Therefore, further investigation on molecular mechanisms and clinical studies are necessary.
Legal Challenges and Public Procurement in Construction in Northern Ireland
Authors: Mitchell Michael , Agapiou Andrew
Published: March 2023

Public procurement in the construction sector has been an historic problem in Northern Ireland (NI), to the extent that a public inquiry was held on the matter, including investigating why legal challenge are prevalent, and its findings reported in 2010; a 2019 NI Audit Office report into several major construction projects in NI highlighted legal challenges contributing to project delay, suggesting that perhaps there have not been improvements in relation to legal challenges since the public inquiry. This paper aims to ascertain the frequency of public procurement legal challenges in the construction sector in NI, not just the frequency of court cases, but any challenge to public procurement that delays projects. A multi-phase, mixed methods approach was adopted including a literature review, interviews and questionnaire surveys of procuring and contracting organisations to provide details of all forms of legal challenges, to understand why they challenge procurement decisions and to ascertain views on how public procurement is managed in Northern Ireland. The data reveal that approximately 40 out of 1488 procurement exercises in the last 7 years have had some form of legal challenge. The results also indicate that legal challenges are not as prevalent as the contracting side of the construction industry in NI believes them to be and suggest that the legacy from the public inquiry era around 2008–2012 continues to cloud perceptions of public procurement in NI. The analysis also reveals that the challenging political environment, issues with quality assessment and abnormally low tenders have been the main contributory factors to the rise in legal challenges to public procurement in construction in Northern Ireland.
Effects of Rossby Waves Breaking and Atmospheric Blocking Formation on the Extreme Forest Fire and Floods in Eastern Siberia 2019
Authors: Antokhina Olga Yu. , Antokhin Pavel N. , Belan Boris D. , Gochakov Alexander V. , Martynova Yuliya V. , Pustovalov Konstantin N. , Tarabukina Lena D. , Devyatova Elena V.
Published: March 2023

In 2019, the southern region of Eastern Siberia (located between 45° N and 60° N) experienced heavy floods, while the northern region (between 60° N and 75° N) saw intense forest fires that lasted for almost the entire summer, from 25 June to 12 August. To investigate the causes of these natural disasters, we analyzed the large-scale features of atmospheric circulation, specifically the Rossby wave breaking and atmospheric blocking events. In the summer of 2019, two types of Rossby wave breaking were observed: a cyclonic type, with a wave breaking over Siberia from the east (110° E–115° E), and an anticyclonic type, with a wave breaking over Siberia from the west (75° E–90° E). The sequence of the Rossby wave breaking and extreme weather events in summer, 2019 are as follows: 24–26 June (cyclonic type, extreme precipitation, flood), 28–29 June and 1–2 July (anticyclonic type, forest fires), 14–17 July (both types of breaking, forest fires), 25–28 July (cyclonic type, extreme precipitation, flood), 2 and 7 August (anticyclonic type, forest fires). Rossby wave breaking occurred three times, resulting in the formation and maintenance of atmospheric blocking over Eastern Siberia: 26 June–3 July, 12–21 July and 4–10 August. In general, the scenario of the summer events was as follows: cyclonic Rossby wave breaking over the southern part of Eastern Siberia (45° N–60° N) caused extreme precipitation (floods) and led to low gradients of potential vorticity and potential temperature in the west and east of Lake Baikal. The increased wave activity flux from the Europe–North Atlantic sector caused the anticyclonic-type Rossby wave breaking to occur west of the area of a low potential vorticity gradient and north of 60° N. This, in turn, contributed to the maintenance of blocking anticyclones in the north of Eastern Siberia, which led to the intensification and expansion of the area of forest fires. These events were preceded by an increase in the amplitude of the quasi-stationary wave structure over the North Atlantic and Europe during the first half of June.
The Impact of M&As on Shareholders’ Wealth: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Giannopoulos George , Lianou Alexandra , Elmarzouky Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on shareholders’ wealth. Additionally, this study investigates the impact of the economic crisis during 2007–2008 on the shareholders’ perceptions of gaining additional value from mergers and acquisitions. In this paper, a sample of 84 M&As from 2006 to 2015 in Greece are studied to investigate the effect on shareholders of bidder companies. We find significantly negative abnormal returns just before the announcement of M&A, which negatively affects the bidder firms’ value. It is also observed that after 2009 M&A cases decreased, maybe because of the crisis in Greece that changed the investors’ perception of a value-destroying event. Companies that engage in M&A activities during economic downturns tend to experience a decline in shareholder value. This could be due to various factors, such as increased uncertainty and risk associated with such activities during economic uncertainty. By understanding the potential impact of such activities on shareholder value, companies can make more informed decisions about whether and when to pursue M&A opportunities.
Day Case Local Anaesthetic Thoracoscopy: Experience from 2 District General Hospitals in the United Kingdom
Authors: Turner Megan , Craighead Felicity , MacKenzie Joseph Donald , Aujayeb Avinash
Published: March 2023

Background: Local anaesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) can be a vital procedure for diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusions. Traditionally, poudrage for pleurodesis and insertion of a large bore drain necessitated admission. There has been a shift towards performing LAT as a day case procedure with indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) insertion. This was advocated during the COVID pandemic by the British Thoracic Society (BTS). To determine the feasibility of such pathways, continuous evaluations are required. Methods: All day case LAT procedures with IPC insertion, performed in theatre, were identified at two large district general hospitals (Northumbria HealthCare in the North East of England and Victoria Hospital, NHS Fife, in Scotland). Rapid pleurodesis with talc was not performed due to local staffing problems. All patients had their LAT in theatre under conscious sedation with a rigid scope. Demographics, clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics and outcomes were collected. Results: 79 patients underwent day case LAT. The lung did not deflate, meaning biopsies were not enabled, in four of the patients. The mean age was 72 years (standard deviation 13). Fifty-five patients were male and twenty-four were female. The main diagnoses were lung cancers, mesotheliomas and fibrinous pleuritis with an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 93%. Other diagnoses were breast, tonsillar, unknown primary cancers and lymphomas. Seventy-three IPCs were simultaneously placed and, due to normal macroscopic appearances in two patients, two large bore drains were placed and removed within one hour of LAT termination. Sixty-six (88%) patients were discharged on the same day. Seven patients required admission: one for treatment of surgical emphysema, four because they lived alone, one for pain control and one for control of a cardiac arrythmia. Within 30 days, there were five IPC site infections with two resultant empyemas (9%), with no associated mortality. Two patients developed pneumonia requiring admission and one patient required admission for pain management. The median number of days for which the IPCs remained in situ was 78.5 days (IQR 95). The median length of stay (LoS) was 0 days (IQR 0). No patients required further interventions for pleural fluid management. Conclusions: Day case LAT with IPC insertion is feasible with this current set up, with a median stay of 0 days, and should be widely adopted. The health economics of preventing admission are considerable, as our previous analysis showed a median length of stay of 3.96 days, although we are not comparing matched cohorts.
Virtual Screening of Novel 24-Dehydroxysterol Reductase (DHCR24) Inhibitors and the Biological Evaluation of Irbesartan in Cholesterol-Lowering Effect
Authors: Wang Haozhen , Lu Ziyin , Li Yang , Liu Ting , Zhao Linlin , Gao Tianqi , Lu Xiuli , Gao Bing
Published: March 2023

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for the development of fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and hence, cholesterol-lowering drugs are considered important and effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Thus, researchers in the field of new drug development are endeavoring to identify new types of cholesterol-lowering drugs. 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ(24)-reductase (DHCR24) catalyzes the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, which is the last step in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We speculated that blocking the catalytic activity of DHCR24 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating hyperlipidemia. In the present study, by virtually screening the DrugBank database and performing molecular dynamics simulation analysis, we selected four potential DHCR24 inhibitor candidates: irbesartan, risperidone, tolvaptan, and conivaptan. All four candidates showed significant cholesterol-lowering activity in HepG2 cells. The experimental mouse model of hyperlipidemia demonstrated that all four candidates improved high blood lipid levels and fat vacuolation in the livers of mice fed with a high-fat diet. In addition, Western blot analysis results suggested that irbesartan reduced cholesterol levels by downregulating the expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Finally, the immune complex activity assay confirmed the inhibitory effect of irbesartan on the enzymatic activity of DHCR24 with its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 602 nM. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that blocking the enzymatic activity of DHCR24 via competitive inhibition is a potential strategy for developing new cholesterol-lowering drugs against hyperlipidemia or multiple cancers. Furthermore, considering that irbesartan is currently used to treat hypertension combined with type 2 diabetes, we believe that irbesartan should be a suitable choice for patients with both hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
The Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Type II Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Batarfi Wafa Ali , Mohd Yunus Mohd Heikal , Hamid Adila A.
Published: March 2023

Skin wound healing is a multiphase physiological process that involves the activation of numerous types of cells and is characterized by four phases, namely haemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. However, on some occasions this healing becomes pathological, resulting in fibrosis. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal fibroblast-like characteristics. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound extracted from olive oil and has been proven to have several health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HT in type II EMT in human skin wound healing via cell viability, proliferation, migration, and proteins expression. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) isolated from skin samples were cultured in different concentrations of HT and EMT model, induced by adding 5 ng/mL of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to the cells. HT concentrations were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cells’ migrations were evaluated using scratch and transwell migration assay. Protein expressions were evaluated via immunocytochemistry. The result showed that HT at 0.2% and 0.4% significantly increased the proliferation rate of HDF (p < 0.05) compared to control. Scratch assay after 24 h showed increased cell migration in cells treated with 0.4% HT (p < 0.05) compared to the other groups. After 48 h, both concentrations of HT showed increased cell migration (p < 0.05) compared to the TGF-β group. Transwell migration revealed that HT enhanced the migration capacity of cells significantly (p < 0.05) as compared to TGF-β and the control group. In addition, HT supplemented cells upregulate the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin while downregulating the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin in comparison to TGF-β group and control group. This study showed that HT has the ability to inhibit EMT, which has potential in the inhibition of fibrosis and persistent inflammation related to skin wound healing.
Characterization of the Interactions between Minocycline Hydrochloride and Trypsin with Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Sun Jisheng , Ma Litong , Nie Zhihua , Sai Huazheng , Cheng Jianguo , Duan Jianguo
Published: March 2023

In the current study, the interaction of minocycline hydrochloride (MC) and trypsin (TRP) was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and molecular docking simulation techniques. The results show that the fluorescence quenching of trypsin at different degrees can be caused by minocycline hydrochloride at different temperatures. According to the Stern-Volmer equation, the fluorescence quenching type was static quenching. By calculating critical distance, we concluded that there is a possibility of non-radiative energy transfer between minocycline hydrochloride and trypsin. The effect of minocycline hydrochloride on the secondary structure of trypsin was demonstrated using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that minocycline hydrochloride could bind to tryptophan residues in trypsin, resulting in corresponding changes in the secondary structure of trypsin. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy showed that minocycline hydrochloride had a particular effect on the microenvironment of trypsin that led to changes in the secondary structure of trypsin. The molecular docking technique demonstrated that the binding of minocycline hydrochloride and trypsin was stable. Circular dichroism showed that the secondary structure of trypsin could be changed by minocycline hydrochloride.
The Impact of Processing and Extraction Methods on the Allergenicity of Targeted Protein Quantification as Well as Bioactive Peptides Derived from Egg
Authors: Mostashari Parisa , Marszałek Krystian , Aliyeva Aynura , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: March 2023

This review article discusses advanced extraction methods to enhance the functionality of egg-derived peptides while reducing their allergenicity. While eggs are considered a nutrient-dense food, some proteins can cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. Therefore, various methods have been developed to reduce the allergenicity of egg-derived proteins, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, heat treatment, and glycosylation. In addition to reducing allergenicity, advanced extraction methods can enhance the functionality of egg-derived peptides. Techniques such as membrane separation, chromatography, and electrodialysis can isolate and purify specific egg-derived peptides with desired functional properties, improving their bioactivity. Further, enzymatic hydrolysis can also break down polypeptide sequences and produce bioactive peptides with various health benefits. While liquid chromatography is the most commonly used method to obtain individual proteins for developing novel food products, several challenges are associated with optimizing extraction conditions to maximize functionality and allergenicity reduction. The article also highlights the challenges and future perspectives, including optimizing extraction conditions to maximize functionality and allergenicity reduction. The review concludes by highlighting the potential for future research in this area to improve the safety and efficacy of egg-derived peptides more broadly.
Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Superposition of Profile-Tunable Tightly Focused Vector Beams and Generation of the Structured Light
Authors: Li Lianmeng , Zeng Xiangyu , Gu Manna , Zhang Yuqin , Sun Rui , Zhang Ziheng , Cui Guosen , Zhou Yuxiang , Cheng Chuanfu , Liu Chunxiang
Published: March 2023

Vector beams (VBs) and their superposition have found important applications in versatile fields such as optical communications, super-resolution microscopy and quantum information, and metasurfaces have enabled the miniaturization and integration of the optical systems manipulating the vector beams, providing potential applications to subwavelength regimes. In this work, we propose a metasurface to realize the superposition of profile-tunable tightly focused VBs, with the novel structured light fields generated. The metasurface is composed of two sets of orthogonal-nanoslit pairs arranged on the inner and outer rings. By realizing the chiral conversion of circularly polarized light with the slit-pairs which act as half-wave plates, and by creating helical phase profiles of optical vortices with the geometrical phase of rotational nano-slit pairs, two focused Bessel VBs are formed. By finely varying the diameters of two sets of rings, the doughnuts of the two Bessel VBs of different orders are tuned to be of the same size, and the superposition of the two VBs is realized. The theoretical analyses of the superimposed fields were presented, the FDTD simulations were performed to optimize the designed metasurfaces, and the experimental measurements were carried out to validate feasibility of the metasurface. The novel and interesting characteristics of the superposed fields different from those of the conventional VBs were demonstrated. This work will be of significance for classical and quantum applications of VBs in various fields.
Renewing Christian Witness in Europe—A Proposal
Authors: Chalamet Christophe
Published: March 2023

The transmission of the Christian faith is severely broken in many western European countries. This does not bode well for the future of Christianity in these regions. In the face of this situation, Christians might be tempted either to “retreat” from the world and foster sectarian communities or to more or less completely “merge” with contemporary society. Both of these options are erroneous and amount to a distortion of what a genuine Christian witness might look like in the coming decades. The present essay attempts to draw some of the contours of what such a Christian witness may look like.
Framework for Building Smart Tourism Big Data Mining Model for Sustainable Development
Authors: Xu Ruoran
Published: March 2023

How to combine big data (BD) technology with specific applications in the tourism industry to achieve sustainable development in the tourism industry is a development issue that needs to be addressed in the tourism industry today. In order to promote the development of smart tourism, this text constructed a BD mining model for sustainable smart tourism. In this paper, based on tourism data from 2010 to 2021, a regression model and an exponential curve model are constructed to forecast passenger traffic, and a tourism spatial dimension model is constructed to build a tourism data table, pre-process the data and construct a data mining (DM) model using a SQL Server model. The experimental part of the study conducts experimental research on cities applying smart tourism DM technology in three areas: foreign exchange earnings from the city’s tourism industry, jobs in the tourism industry and the development of tourism-related industries. The results showed that the application of smart tourism DM technology can improve the foreign exchange income (FEI) of urban tourism, increase employment in tourism and drive the development of tourism-related industries. Compared with 2010, the tourism FEI of the four cities would increase by more than 70% in 2021.
Man and his History in the Evolutionary Approach: The Theory and Sources of the Rudimentary Symptoms of Julian Ochorowicz
Authors: Gęsikowska Kamila
Published: March 2023

The aim of this contribution is to explore Julian Ochorowicz’s theory of rudimentary
symptoms, a proposition largely based on psychological concepts, balancing between the latest findings in evolutionary biology and anthropology, and exploring the development of man and his history. This concept sought to align the reflection of human nature and culture by introducing a psychological input (the concept of subliminal traditions). The author analyses and reintroduces this concept, somewhat forgotten by researchers,
that may have functioned as a bridge, both between evolutionary biology and anthropology, and Polish and West European scientific thought at that time.

Key words: Julian Leopold Ochorowicz, rudimentary symptoms, evolutionism,
anthropology, culture.
Antropologinė karo analizė: mikrolygmens perspektyva etnografijoje
Authors: Lapėnaitė Miglė
Published: March 2023

The Anthropological Analysis of War: The Micro-Level Perspective in Ethnography

The article aims to analyse the micro-level perspective in ethnography, highlighting the main features of the anthropological analysis of war. The focus of this article is the discourses that the Polish-English anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski applied in the general discipline of anthropology and in micro-level war studies. The article reveals that war is a complex process, inseparable from the daily lives of societies. This is reflected in
the theoretical and practical work of anthropologists, who develop academic knowledge and apply anthropology for political purposes. Finally, the micro-level perspective is an example of interdisciplinary thinking that combines anthropological, sociological and historical approaches.

Key words: anthropology, ethnography, individual, micro level, war.
Macikų lagerių patirtys žmonių atsiminimuose: Šilutės Hugo Šojaus muziejaus 2018–2020 metų etnografiniai tyrimai
Authors: Bartkevičiūtė Asta
Published: March 2023

Experiences of the Macikai Camps in People’s Memories: Ethnographic Research by the Šilutė Hugo Scheu Museum, 2018–2020

The main aim of the article is to show the results of ethnographic research initiated by the Šilutė district based on the plan of the Macikai camp complex (1941–1955) and its implementation. In this article, the author attempts to represent the cultural memory of the Macikai camps after 1945 (the Soviet period), which were recorded in the ethnographic research of the Šilutė Hugo Scheu Museum in 2018–2020. The material is submitted according to these aspects: the general atmosphere of the time, the social background
and the age of the people in the Gulag camp, the prisoners’ living conditions, the fate of Macikai cemetery, and others.

Key words: Macikai, Gulag camp, political prisoners, postwar time, memory.
Biological drugs in the treatment of atopic diseases in pediatric patients
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shnaider K. O. , Maksimov M. L. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Romanov B. K. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Baranova V. A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

The complexity of the treatment of atopic diseases, including bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria, in pediatric patients lies in the detrimental effect of first-line drugs (glucocorticoids) on children's health and in the low prevalence of types of biological preparations due to limited data on their efficacy and safety, especially for the child population. The work presents a review of data on therapy with biological preparations in various pathological conditions, their effectiveness and safety in the long term. The aim of the review is to summarize the data on the treatment of atopic diseases with biological preparations. Materials and methods. We identified putatively relevant studies by searching MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar electronic databases over the past 7 years using the terms: bronchial asthma; chronic urticaria; atopic dermatitis; biological preparations; omalizumab; dupilumab; mepolizumab; safety; monoclonal antibodies; efficiency. Further, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the independent selection of all authors, the suitable sources were selected and the review was compiled. Results. At the moment, there are not enough long-term studies on this topic, especially in pediatric practice. However, the existing ones allow drawing a preliminary conclusion about the prospects for further study of this topic in the treatment of atopic diseases.
Histomorphological study of gingival recession in the experiment
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Lopatina N. V.
Published: March 2023

Among periodontal diseases, one of the most common forms is gingival recession, which is a progressive displacement of the marginal gingiva in the apical direction. Studies by a number of authors indicate an increase in the prevalence and intensity of recession from 9.7 % to 99.3 % (at the age of 15 years to adult age, respectively) [1–3]. The reasons for the development of recession may be the following factors: anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the alveolar process, anomalies of teeth, dentition and dental occlusion, microbial factor (hard and soft dental deposits), acute or chronic gum injury, bad habits, and iatrogenic causes [10, 9, 11, 17]. Gingival recession is the cause of dentin sensitivity, as well as a factor in additional plaque retention, which stimulates further loss of periodontal attachment [11, 17]. Any aesthetic violations significantly reduce the quality of life. In this aspect, gum recession, which causes exposure of the roots of the teeth, has an extremely negative effect on the psycho-emotional state of a patient. An integrated approach to the problem under consideration is of great importance, in particular, in elderly and senile people, where systemic disorders of mineral metabolism often come to the fore [4, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16]. Experimental modeling of periodontal pathologies is of great clinical and rehabilitation significance [6, 7, 10, 11, 13]. Currently, there are various methods of treating gingival recession using a complex of therapeutic, surgical, orthodontic, and orthopedic methods. However, the results of observations and monitoring of the effectiveness of known methods of treating gingival recession do not indicate long-term restoration of periodontal tissues [5, 10, 11, 17]. Thus, the foregoing indicates the feasibility of conducting experimental and clinical studies to find methods aimed at activating recovery processes in periodontal tissues and allowing to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with gingival recession.
Successful implementation of the «training center» on the basis of the Pavlodar Regional Station of Emergency Medical Care
Authors:   Municipal State Enterprise on the right of economic management «Pavlodar Regional Station of Emergency Medical Care» of the Healthcare Department of the Pavlodar Region, Akimat of the Pavlodar Region, Republic of Kazakhstan, Akhmetzhanov K. K.
Published: March 2023

With the introduction of the «training center», the qualifications of the staff of the emergency medical care station have significantly improved, which made it possible to put into practice the main performance indicators of the station of emergency medical care, such as the quality and level of medical care.
The directions to improve the process of land management expertise
Authors:   Department of ", Ermoshkin Y.V. ,   Land Management and Cadastres",   of the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University, Andreeva E.V. ,   Department of "Land Management and Cadastres" of the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University, Provalova E.V. ,   Department of "Land Management and Cadastres" of the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University, Khvostov N.V. ,   Union "Ulyanovsk CCI", Mokshina Y.A. ,   Department of "Land Management and Cadastres" of the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University
Published: March 2023

The work is about the improvement of methodological recommendations in the sphere of land management expertise for state and non-state expert institutions. The need for the development of uniform methods for the production of land management expertise that meets the requirements of modern legislation has been established in this paper. The main disadvantages and positive aspects of the existing and approved methods for land management expertise are highlighted here as well. The authors demonstrate necessary sequence of expert actions in the process of land expertise and the requirements for the test and graphic design of the expert's conclusion in the form similar to geodetic, land surveying and cadastral works.
Zoning of the cultural heritage objects for cadastral registration in Bryansk region
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Land Reclamation, Forestry and Land Management FSUE VO ", Bezborodov Yu. G. ,   RGAU-MSHA named after K. A. Timiryazev",   , Moscow, Syakin D. A. ,   Technical department of the company "Geocomplex", Bryansk, Zenchenko M. V. ,   FSUE VO "RGAU-MSHA named after K. A. Timiryazev", Klintsy
Published: March 2023

In this article, the authors reviewed the zoning of cultural heritage objects in Bryansk region in the process of cadastral registration. The engineering and survey activities carried out during the preparation of the project for the formation of zones with special conditions of use included cartographic and field studies. Taking into account the performed historical and urban planning analysis, a historical and cultural reference plan (HCRP) was prepared there. The results of a landscape-visual analysis of the compositional interconnections between cultural heritage object, the surrounding buildings and the landscape environment made it possible to designate the parameters of the protected zone and specific conditions, which are not always taken into account by the current regulatory and methodological framework. The approaches proposed in the work to solve the mentioned above problems can increase the information support of the project activities and, as a result, the quality of control actions.
Geophysical approach in calculation of level ellipsoid parameters
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Kochiev A.A. , Chervyakov A.V. ,   State University of Land Management, Moscow
Published: March 2023

The paper considers a method for determining the parameters of a level ellipsoid using the potential of an axisymmetric body, which in a particular case is the potential of the Earth.
Creation of a 3D model of SULUP from a point cloud in Revit Architecture
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Kalinova E. V. , Lobkova T. V. ,   State University of Land Management, Moscow
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the technology of creation a model of the State University for land use planning from a point cloud in Revit Architecture – the software that is widely used in Russia. The initial data for modeling (point cloud) were obtained by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS together with aerial survey data obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The resulting model and the examples of visualization of the SULUP building are presented here as well.
USO DE DERIVADOS DE SAMARIO COMO INICIADORES DE LA COPOLIMERIZACIÓN DE Ε-CAPROLACTONA CON L-LACTIDA Y CON CARBONATOS CÍCLICOS.
Authors: Contreras Ramírez Jesús Miguel , Médina Dimas Alejandro , Monsalve Meribary Margarita
Published: March 2023

En este trabajo, se estudió la actividad catalítica del acetato de samario (III) (SmAc3) como iniciador en la copolimerización de ε-caprolactona (CL) con la L-lactida (L-LA) y del o-fenantrolina-tris(glicina)-κ3COO-samario (III) (A3) como iniciador en la copolimerización de CL con los carbonatos cíclicos, trimetilén carbonato (TMC) y el 2,2-dimetil-1,3-trimetilén carbonato (DMTC). Los productos obtenidos fueron caracterizados mediante espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear, cromatografía de exclusión por tamaño y análisis termogravimétrico. Los resultados indicaron que el SmAc3 indujo la copolimerización de CL con la L-LA, obteniéndose materiales poliméricos con estructura de copolímeros al azar cuyas distribuciones de masas molares se hacían mas anchas en la medida que la proporción de L-LA en la cadena polimérica aumentaba. En el caso de la copolimerización de la CL con los carbonatos cíclicos usando A3 como iniciador, los resultados indicaron que la actividad catalítica depende fuertemente del carbonato cíclico usado como comonómero, es decir que la copolimerización esta influenciada por el efecto estérico.