bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A microearthquake survey in northwest British Columbia and southeast Alaska
Authors: Rogers Garry C.
Published: September 2021

abstract

In an 81-day period during the summer of 1969 four portable seismographs were operated in northwest British Columbia and southeast Alaska. One hundred and forty microearthquakes were detected. Epicenters were located near the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault and the Denali fault. The Chatham Strait fault showed no activity and only a few events were located in the Quaternary volcanic zone of British Columbia. A scattering of microearthquakes through the archipelago and the Coast Range and a concentration in the Glacier Bay region suggest that the seismicity may be more complex than the pattern indicated by the distribution of larger earthquakes. The most numerous seismic events recorded, numbering in the thousands, were low-frequency events emanating from a number of specific areas where large glaciers are located.
Seismicity patterns in Pakistan and northwestern India associated with continental collision
Authors: Menke William H. , Jacob Klaus H.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Data from a local array of 12 short-period seismic stations located near the Tarbela reservoir in the lesser Himalayas of northern Pakistan are analyzed to estimate the anomalous thickness of the crust at the boundary between the colliding Indian and Eurasian subcontinents in the western Himalayas and the Baluchistan arc. Pn and Sn travel times indicate high upper-mantle velocities (8.50 ±0.35 km/sec for Pn at distances up to 1,500 km) combined with a thick crust near the continental plate boundary. Beneath the Himalayas the crust may be 97 ±15 km thick, which suggests it has been doubled in thickness. Local evidence indicates that this thickening occurs by imbricate underthrusting of the Indian shield.

In the Indo-Gangetic basin a heretofore unrecognized continuous zone of seismicity was found to strike parallel to the Himalayas about 200 km south of the Himalayan main boundary thrust. This zone rarely contains events with large magnitudes (m > 5); but since it traverses centers of dense population (e.g., Delhi and Lahore) and straddles potential sites of planned nuclear power plants, it may constitute a serious seismic hazard. In the Himalayas and the Baluchistan arc a comparison is made of the pattern of locally determined seismicity with that of events located as teleseisms. Local network data cover a period of about one year and magnitudes m > 2, whereas teleseismic data cover a period of 14 years and magnitudes m > 4, based on recordings of the World Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) as reported by the U.S. Geological Survey. Both data sources show similar patterns. The main difference is that teleseismic events with large magnitudes fall mostly on major faults, whereas locally recorded events with small magnitudes occur more scattered and often fall off major faults. Several seismic gaps in the present seismicity along the Himalayas and the Baluchistan arc are identified. At some gaps the corresponding fault segment appears to be at a low stress level because it has recently undergone a major stress relief, while in other gaps stresses may be high and, hence, the fault may be in preparation for a major stress relief in the not too distant future.
PANAS PELA OF EDUCATION: CULTURE-BASED COMMUNICATION MEDIA AS DESEGREGATION AFTER AMBON CONFLICT
Authors: Hasudungan Anju Nofarof
Published: September 2021

Keberhasilan kearifan lokal Pela Gandong sebagai media resolusi konflik berlanjut menjadi media komunikasi berbasis budaya sebagai desegregasi. Hal tersebut terjadi dikarenakan resolusi konflik Ambon masih menyisakan segregasi atau pemisahan wilayah berdasarkan agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan upaya desegregasi di bidang pendidikan antara SMPN 9 Kota Ambon dengan jumlah siswa 1431 jiwa dan 99 % beragama Kristen/Katolik dan SMPN 4 Salahutu Liang Kabupaten Maluku Tengah dengan jumlah siswa 414 dan 100 % beragama Islam. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Januari 2018 dan November 2019 dengan mengunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus jamak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, analisis dokumen dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa siswa dari kedua sekolah yang berbeda agama dapat berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi sosial melalui Panas Pela Pendidikan. Tanpa adanya segregasi, siswa kedua sekolah dapat menampilkan atraksi budaya seperti tarian, lagu dan puisi. Selain itu, secara bersama-sama mengadakan; kegiatan pramuka, camping, Natal, halalbilhalal, buka puasa, lomba Pekan Olah Raga dan Seni (Porseni). Kedua sekolah juga mengadakan pertukaran guru dan menjadi bagian pembuatan film Provokator Damai tahun 2013 sebagai bentuk kampanye perdamaian dan nilai keberagaman multikultural.
Disciplinary Liability of Members of Collective Bodies of the Self-Government of Legal Advisers
Authors: Seroka Dominik
Published: September 2021

The subject of this study is to examine the possibility of holding members of the collective bodies of the self-government of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law to disciplinary action for decisions made by the body on which they sit. The key question that can be asked in this respect is: Can an attorney-at-law who is a member of the Bar Association of Attorneys-at-Law or the National Bar Council of Attorneys-at-Law be held liable in disciplinary action with a decision made in a collegial manner by an authority in whose structures is a member?
Undertaking Material and Technical Activities by Public Administration Bodies and the Right of an Individual to Be Heard
Authors: Szremski Jakub
Published: September 2021

The right of the individual to be heard is a principle that relates to both the right to a fair trial and the right to a trial. The adjudicating entity is required, regardless of whether it is a court or a public administration body, to enable the active participation of the entity in the proceedings. The right of an individual to be heard in the context of administrative law relates mainly to the procedural situation of a party to administrative proceedings. In jurisdictional administrative proceedings, a party is guaranteed a number of procedural tools to protect its rights. First of all, the party has the opportunity to actively participate in the ongoing administrative process. Provisions of administrative procedural law allow for the submission of evidence applications, explanations, participation in the taking of evidence, as well as access to the files of a pending administrative case. The right of the individual to be heard to a limited extent should also apply to material and technical activities. An individual should be guaranteed at least minimal procedural protection in a situation where administrative bodies perform material and technical activities directly affecting their legal situation.
ANÁLISE DA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DO ÍNDICE DE TEMEPRATURA E UMIDADE NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL EM DIFERENTES HORÁRIOS
Authors: Boff de Oliveira Zanandra , Knies Alberto Eduardo , Zwick Radons Sidinei , Bottega Eduardo Leonel
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a variabilidade espacial do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU) no Rio Grande do Sul, em diferentes horários do dia. O estudo foi realizado para quarenta e dois municípios do estado, para os quais foi calculado o ITU a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo INMET de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, referentes ao período de 2000 a 2020. Uma vez detectada a dependência espacial, produziu-se o mapa temático da distribuição espacial da variável por meio de krigagem ordinária em intervalos de 3 horas (5-7; 8-10; 11-13; 14-16; 17-19; 20-22; 23-1; 2-4 h). No intervalo entre 8 e 10 h e entre 20 e 22 h, o índice é indicativo de conforto térmico (60 < ITU < 68) em todo o território gaúcho; entre 23 e 7 h há desconforto a estresse por frio (ITU<60) na maior parte do estado e, entre 11 e 19 h, pode haver algum tipo de desconforto (ITU>67) a estresse calórico (ITU>70) em boa parte do território do RS. Assim, para a adequação do ambiente as necessidades térmicas dos animais de produção, práticas de acondicionamento térmico tanto para frio quanto para calor são necessárias no RS, o manejo destas ao longo do dia depende da categoria e idade dos animais.
Perancangan dan Simulasi Trainer Human Machine Interface (HMI) untuk media pembelajaran berbasis CX Designer PLC
Authors: Yudha Fitroh Anugrah Kusuma , Riyanta Bambang
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rancangan media pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) berupa trainer Human Machine Interface (HMI) berbasis CX Designer yang terintergrasi dengan CX-Programmer. Desain HMI yang tepat akan membuat pengujian program lebih mudah dan efisien. Sebagai media pembelajaran HMI memberikan efektifitas informasi yang dibutuhkan, sehingga perencanaan dapat dilakukan dengan efisiensi yang maksimal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dan pembuatan rancangan produk berupa trainer untuk penguji program oleh mahasiswa atau operator. Dapat disimpulkan hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan simulasi HMI berbasis CX Disigner dapat digunakan untuk memahami logika rangkaian suatu program dengan sangat mudah dan cepat untuk melatih ketrampilan pemograman PLC.
The Occupancy of Barn Owl in the Artificial Nest Box to Control Rice Field Rat in Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Sudarmaji Sudarmaji , Pustika Arlyna Budi , Yolanda Kiki , Pujiastuti Evy , Martini Tri , Stuart Alexander
Published: September 2021

One component of integrated rat management in rice fields is barn owl as biological control. The study was conducted to evaluate the occupancy rate of barn owl nest boxes, the local rat population, and rat damage to rice crops. It was conducted in three locations in Yogyakarta by observing 10 nest boxes per site. Assessment of their occupancy was monitored by barn owl presence in nest box (egg, chick, and adult) and natural nests in villages nearby. In comparison with control village, the local rat population was observed by the active burrow count method and linear trap barrier systems. Rat damage intensity is estimated by sampling 150 tillers using a stratified sampling approach. The result indicated that 1-4 nest boxes were occupied per location. The owls also nested within buildings nearby. Active burrows ranged from 4 to 25 burrows per 150 m. The rat damage area ranged from 33.33% - 48.57% with 6.33% - 14.86% damage intensity was significantly lower than the control site. Artificial nest box installation for owls in rice fields were only occupied for breeding. The use of barn owls for biological control of rice field rats should be combined with other methods in an integrated approach.
Speech in phonetics: A review
Authors: Kohle Kunal K , Vikhe Deepak , Tanpure Vijaysingh , Ingale Sanyukta
Published: September 2021

The proper knowledge of speech production and phonetic parameters will enables the clinician in fabrication of dentures with good phonetic capabilities. In achieving the optimum phonetic potential by providing correlation among three key objectives i.e. (mechanics, aesthetics and phonetics) of dentistry is the eventual goal of every dentist. This article provides a correlation between occlusion and speech, since the time these two factors are mostly not considered related to each other. But during phonation, the lower teeth functions independently and there remain no contact with upper teeth. This article also highlights the basic utilization of phonation as an indispensible part in placement of upper anterior teeth in complete and partial denture rehabilitation. This is basically because, while restoring natural teeth, we may have to depend on pre-extraction records in order to achieve necessary objectives. And if these records are missing, it is difficult to determining the position of artificial teeth. Hence here, we use phonetics as a guideline for proper placement of artificial teeth.
Suction cup induced palatal hyperplasia in maxillary complete denture: A case report
Authors: Pathania Neha , Noor Sabat Un , Nagpal Archana , Thakur Prarthana
Published: September 2021

Although various methods have been applied for getting a Complete Denture with perfect retention, but it is difficult to attain. Residual ridge resorption creates an ill-fitting denture, hence causing difficulty while eating and even dislodging during talking, even adding to the patient's embarrassment. Suction cup has been widely used for the retention & stability of dentures, but is known to carry few complications like palatal perforations and oro-antral communications. Here we present a case report of palatal hyperplasia due to the suction cup.
Dosagem de misturas asfálticas recicladas à quente com diferentes teores de material fresado
Authors: Cipriani Luzzi Felipe , Specht Luciano Pivoto , Alves Vinicius Da Silva
Published: September 2021

Os pavimentos asfálticos vêm apresentando deficiências estruturais e funcionais devido ao crescente fluxo de veículos comerciais em todo o território nacional. A técnica de reciclagem de pavimentos é uma alternativa para a manutenção das condições ideais de segurança e conforto aos usuários, mantendo os padrões técnicos e as condições ambientais envolvidas. Diante disto, este trabalho procurou avaliar misturas recicladas à quente com a incorporação de material fresado (RAP). As dosagens foram elaboradas com 10, 20 e 30% de RAP e seus resultados de Módulo de Resiliência (MR) e Resistência a Tração por compressão diametral (RT) foram comparados aos de um projeto de referência, sem a adição de RAP. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que, para os critérios avaliados, os valores dos ensaios sofreram acréscimo conforme o aumento do percentual de RAP incorporado, sendo em torno de 50% para o MR e aproximadamente 40% o RT, evidenciando a possibilidade de melhoria na utilização da técnica. A redução da inserção de ligante asfáltico novo também pôde ser observada e, seu valor diminuiu, em, aproximadamente, 17%. Avalia-se que a técnica de reciclagem à quente de pavimentos é técnica, econômica e ambientalmente viável, podendo ser incluída nas práticas de pavimentação quanto a elaboração, usinagem e aplicação destas misturas em campo.
Regressão múltipla linear e não-linear para o cálculo de volumes de aterros e método iterativo para o reconhecimento de linhas de fluxo a partir de dados digitais de elevação e de terreno
Authors: Pettres Roberto
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o uso de regressão múltipla para o processamento de dados de aerolevantamento feito com drones na forma de nuvem de pontos do sistema Universal Transversa de Mercator. O modelo faz uso de regressão múltipla linear e não-linear para estimar o volume de aterro e são definidas curvas e superfícies de nível com base nos dados de relevo. Neste trabalho também é desenvolvido um método iterativo para o cálculo do gradiente na superfície gerada a partir da nuvem de pontos, com qual, são traçadas as linhas de fluxo de água em caso de grande volume fluviométrico. Os modelos matemáticos, bem como os resultados desse trabalho são apresentados a seguir.
DISSERTATION LAW: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, PRACTICE AND CUSTOMS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Zankovsky Sergey S. , Battakhov Petr P.
Published: September 2021

The article considers the normative and practical aspects of the dissertation law, work of dissertation councils and certain elements of the procedures for defending dissertations. The importance of thorough preparation for the defense is emphasized and its directions are defined. Special attention is paid to the quality of the provisions submitted for defense. The analysis of typical errors in the formulation of such provisions is given.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА ЗАРУБЕЖОМ И В РОССИИ
Authors: Баттахов П.П.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается история развития социального предпринимательства в зарубежных странах и в России. Сделан акцент на понятие социального предпринимательства как самостоятельный институт предпринимательского права, и выдвинуто доктринальное определение социального предприятия. Выдвинуто предложение о принятии отдельного закона о социальном предпринимательстве
Methanol to olefins conversion: state of the art and prospects of development
Authors: Brovko R. V. , Sulman M. G. , Lakina N. V. , Doluda V. Yu.
Published: September 2021

The production of olefins by catalytic transformation of methanol on zeolites and zeotypes is of great interest to scientists and specialists in various fringe areas of national economy. Due to implementation of this process on industrial level, the attention gradually shifts from scientific studies devoted to the synthesis and modification of zeolites and zeotypes with different structure to investigation of pilot and industrial plants and determination of the main economic and environmental characteristics of both the existing and the future plants. In 2019, the development of 26 production sites in China with the annual output of 14 million tons of ethylene and propylene was licensed and 14 plants with the total capacity of 7.67 million tons of ethylene and propylene were launched. The created plants provide a complete cycle of coal processing, which consists of coal gasification units yielding syngas, units for the synthesis of methanol and olefins, their refinement and production of polyethylene and polypropylene. The total output of ethylene and propylene at the launched plants was more than 21 million tons. The paper presents a review of publications on the development and modification of catalysts as well as the technological, economic and environmental aspects of olefins production from methanol, which appeared in foreign journals in the recent five years.
A technology for multifunctional hydroprocessing of oil residues (vacuum residue and atmospheric residue) on the catalysts with hierarchical porosity
Authors: Parkhomchuk E. V. , Fedotov K. V. , Lysikov A. I. , Polykhin A. V. , Vorobyeva E. E. , Shamanaeva I. A. , San’kova N. N. , Shestakova D. O. , Chikunova Yu. O. , Kuznetsov S. E. , Kleymenov A. V. , Parmon V. N.
Published: September 2021

A technology for catalytic hydroprocessing of oil residues – atmospheric residue and vacuum residue – aimed to obtain high value added petrochemicals, particularly marine fuel complying with modern technical and environmental requirements, is reported. The technologyis based on the use of catalysts supported on alumina with a hierarchical structure of meso- and macropores, which are highly active and stable under severe conditions of the process. Data obtained by physicochemical analysis of the chemical composition, textural and phase properties of fresh and spent catalysts for the three-step hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue and vacuum residue are presented. A material balance for each step of the processes and a comprehensive analysis of the properties of produced petrochemicals were used to propose variants of implementing and integrating the technology at Russian oil refineries in order to increase the profit from oil refining. The introduction of the hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue at oil refineries without secondary processes will improve the economic efficiency due to selling the atmospheric residue by 84–170 % depending on a chosen scheme of the process and a required set of products. It is reasonable to integrate the catalytic hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the delayed coking, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking processes in order to increase the depth of refining to 95 % and extend the production of marketable oil refining products: gasoline, diesel fuel, marine fuel with the sulfur content below 0.5 %, and low-sulfur refinery coke for the electrode industry. The integration of the hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the secondary processes will increase the economic efficiency from selling the vacuum residue by a factor of 2–2.5 in comparison with its production in delayed coking units.
The future of organıc fısh productıon in the world
Authors: SAYĞI Hülya , SAYĞI Ayhan , GÖKÇE Mahmut Ali
Published: September 2021

One of the fundamental problems of the world humans live in is that the resources human beings have used to meet their needs are limited. These resources, when used correctly, are enough to meet these needs. The main problem here is the mistakes human beings make and them not being aware of making these. In other words, they are consciously or unconsciously destroying the world they live in with every action they have taken to create the civilization. In this study, we will focus on the subjects of damages brought out to the natural sources by agricultural and aquacultural production which is used to meet the need for food, and wiping the effects of these damages. In this context, we will also focus on the conditions of the organic agriculture principle application on aquacultural production, which has emerged as a solution to the threats targeting human health and to the environmental problems brought out by the agricultural production.
Rural communities’ perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia
Authors: Amare Zerihun Yohannes , Ayoade Johnson O , Adelekan Ibidun O , Zeleke Menberu Teshome
Published: September 2021

Communities’ perception of climate change must be integrated with research information to improve their adaptive capacity successfully. Thus, to propose appropriate adaptation options to the specific localities, understanding the levels of perception of rural communities to climate change and variability is crucial. This study aims to capture the rural communities’ perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional socio-economic and time series climatic data were used. Stratified and snowball sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 398 households. Chi-square analysis was carried out at p≤0.05. The majority (65.7%) of households had information about climate change before this study survey. Age, farming experience, income, the number of relatives, access to weather information, farmer to farmer access, and government experts’ extension services had a significant effect on the majority of climatic variables perception of households. The households’ perception of climate change was in line with results of climate data analysis. The chi-square analysis test of hypothesis shows gender has no significant effect on the perception of climate change. The implication is that all social groups in the study area perceived that there are changes in climate.
Assessment of Produce Standardization Adopted by the Rice Farmers in the Marketing of their Rice Produce in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Mgbanya J.C , Eze A. V , Obiora C. C
Published: September 2021

The study assessed the produce standardization adopted by the rice farmers in the marketing of their rice produce in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Multistage and random sampling techniques were employed in selecting 120 samples. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. The result obtained shows that the farmers sort and grade their produce according to: size (33.33%), anomalies (8.33%), shapes and appearance (25%). The result further showed that the packaging materials used by the farmers were: sack (100%), while the unit of measurement standard used by the farmer comprises of: unmeasured 50kg sack (95%) and unmeasured 100kg sack (88.33%). The result from the analysis of the social and economic effects of standard measures adopted by the farmer marketers include: misrepresentation of the product features and pricing (Xi = 4.52), misrepresentation of the quantity measurement (Xi = 4.05), etc. The ascertained constraints to rice produce standardization in Ebonyi state includes: lack of participation of Ebonyi state rice farmers in standard setting forums both at national and international level (Xi = 2.89). The study strongly recommends that the farmers should use weighing balance during marketing of their sorted and graded rice produce.
Technical and Resource Use Efficiency of Urban Vegetable Farming in the Kumasi Metropolis: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Abdulai Adams , Fialor Simon Cudjoe , Bakang John Eudes Andivi , Jumpah Emmanuel Tetteh
Published: September 2021

The changing food demands by the teeming urban population, job search, and sector profitability have made vegetable production indispensable as it contributes to increased incomes and livelihoods of urban dwellers.This study investigated the current level of productive efficiency (technical and allocative) of vegetable farmers in the Kumasi Metropolis using cross-sectional data obtained from 135 sampled farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the stochastic frontier approach to estimate firm-specific technical efficiencies and the factors that influence efficiency levels. The results show that inefficiency exists among the sampled vegetable farmers as they currently achieve an average technical efficiency score of 66.7%. Allocative efficiency estimates for land and labour revealed that both factors of production are over utilised by farmers. The age of the farmer is the main socio-economic determinant of technical efficiency.The study recommends that farmers be educated on the correct use of inputs by extension agents. The government policy of recruiting community extension agents under the ‘planting for food and jobs’ programme is in line with addressing inefficiency in the production sector and should be promoted.
Exploring Optimal Cereal Crop Sequence Using Cultivated Land Utilization Index and Yield in Katihar District, India: A Sub Division Level Analysis
Authors: Mandal Vinay Prasad , Ahmad Raihan , Rehman Sufia , Masroor Md , Sajjad Haroon
Published: September 2021

The present study attempts to identify the suitable crop sequences in an agriculturally productive district of Bihar, India. Rice-rice-vegetables, rice-maize-rice, rice-maize-maize, rice-maize-jute, rice-pulse-rice, rice-pulse-jute, rice-pulse-potato, and maize-maize-rice were found to be the suitable crop sequences in the area under study. Findings revealed that most of the blocks were found suitable for suggested crop sequences, while only two blocks (namely Balrampur and Barsoi) showed low potential in the rice-maize-rice sequence. Use of farm machinery, application of efficient farm inputs, and irrigation is required to maximize the yield and achieve long-term agricultural sustainability in this district.
Assessment of the Performance of Farmers’ Cooperative Societies: A Case of Kaduna State Nigeria
Authors: Ezeh Chuks C , Abubakar M
Published: September 2021

The study was carried out in Soba Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna state to appraise the performance of four (4) farmers’ cooperative societies using a structured questionnaire administered to 116 randomly selected cooperators. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistics. The results revealed that several factors had motivated members to join societies. The average loan approval rate of 93.3% was recorded for the 3-year period of 2015, 2016, and 2017. About 73 cooperators representing 62.9% assessed the services of the cooperative societies as very satisfactory or satisfactory; only 12.9% assessed them as not satisfactory. Major constraints that identified include inadequate capital (19.7%), limited income generating activities (16.5%), and poor attitude of cooperators (14.5%).
Stability and Adaptability Genotype of Hybrid Rice in the West Java Province of Indonesia
Authors: Amalia Lia , Komariah Ai , Hilmayanti Ilma
Published: September 2021

Experiments to study the stability and adaptability genotype of hybrid rice were conducted in two locations in West Java: 1. the Jelekong Village Baleendah Bandung region, 2. the Arjasari Village Leuwisari Tasikmalaya region. The altitude of the Baleendah Bandung region is 650 and that of the Leuwisari Tasikmalaya region is 450 meters above sea level. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design and used with 9 genotypes and 3 replications. The 9 genotypes of hybrid rice are SW-907, SW-804, SW-902, US-915, SW-82, SW-923, Intani-2, SL 8 SHS, and SHS 04 WM. The result of the experiment showed that the whole genotypes A = SW-907, B = SW-804, C = SW-902, D = US-915, E = SW-82, F = SW- 923, G = WM 4 SHS, H = SL 8 SHS, and I = Intani 2 measured the height of the plants, the number of productive tillers, the length of the panicles, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, the weight of 1000 grains, and the grain yield per plot, and were unstable and unadaptive in Bandung and Tasikmalaya.
Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea. L.) as an Effect of Water Supply and the Dosages of Rice Straw Mulch
Authors: Noertjahyani  , Komariah Ai , Nurlenawati Netti
Published: September 2021

Limited available water, especially in dry land, causes decreasing production of vegetable plants. Cauliflower originates from subtropical regions which require water. Mulching can manage water to a limited extent. An experiment was carried out in the lowlands to find out whether cauliflower cultivar Orient hybrid could grow in an environment with water available under optimal conditions combined with the use of rice straw mulch. The experimental results show that the Orient hybrid of cauliflower is a lowland plant that can provide the same (marketable curd) yield even with the water conditions below the field capacity (75% FC). The use of rice straw mulch doses of 5-10 t ha-1 can help maintain water available for plants. The Orient cultivar hybrid is a lowland cauliflower sufficiently tolerant to lack of water.
Adapting New Technologies of Exposure and Promotion for Agro-Tourism Enterprises with Comparative Evaluations
Authors: Dimitriadou Eleni , Lamprouli Ioanna , Iakovidou Olga
Published: September 2021

As we are well aware that today the positive use of internet and shared websites comprise of various strong and prolific tools for business for the promotion of their products and services through world-wide advertisement, especially for small businesses in the rural areas. The paper at hand comprises of initial comparative study of the websites of the agro-tourism enterprises, which are located in Central Macedonia in Greece, with the very specific aim of investigating their adaptability plan and criteria towards the new technologies of exposure and promotion, since Central Macedonia is a larger and more developed region. Initially in 2010, 158 websites of agro-tourism enterprises were assessed, which were again surveyed in 2018. Through a census process, the data collecting method was adopted in this research, whereas the websites’ assessment was conducted with the assistance of five criteria process, viz. content, interactivity, site attractiveness, promotional value and security, which were selected through literature review on the relevant subject. The evaluation confirmed our assumptions that the adaptability of new technologies for the agro-tourism enterprises in Central Macedonia, Greece had improved, but the results of all evaluation criteria tend to show very low improvement, as seen in this century.
The Usefulness of Cell Phones for Crop Farmers in Selected Regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun-ur-Rashid Md , Karim Md Masud , Islam Md Muzahidul , Mobarak Md Soad Bin
Published: September 2021

This research endeavours the usefulness of cell phones for crop farmers in selected region of Bangladesh. For adequate findings and to achieve its purpose, structured interview schedule was adopted to collect data from 281 randomly selected farmers and it was revealed that a little over 60% of them found cell phones very useful, while only 5.3% respondents found the cell phone as less useful. Based on average talk time hours spend in the last six months, top three sources of agricultural information were friends and relatives, distributors and middlemen, and farmers in advanced categories. The results of the ordered logit model showed that their usefulness was significantly determined by age, farm size, per month call charges, and experience in using cell phones. Higher call rates, lack of awareness and paucity of mobile-based information sources were major bottlenecks in using cell phones for agricultural information. The recommendations suggested therein lead to connecting farmers with reliable and rich information sources, use of MMS and SMS, voice call activities, providing subsidized SIM cards, and ultimately undertake widespread campaigns for training of aged farmers to persuade their interest towards the use of cell phones and mobile-based information sources.
The Co-Movement between Shariah Compliant and Sectorial Stock Indexes Performance in Bursa Malaysia
Authors: Sahabuddin Mohammad , Muhammad Junaina , HjYahya Mohamed Hisham Dato' , Shah Sabarina Mohammed , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur
Published: September 2021

Islamic financial market is the growing innovation of global financial market which moves together with conventional and sectorial counterpart in many countries. As the fastest growing investment component, Shariah compliant stock index in Bursa Malaysia has picked up positive momentum and attracted more attention to the investors, policy makers, issuers and researchers. The main objective of this study is to investigate the co-movement between Shariah compliant stock and sectorial stocks indexes performance in Bursa Malaysia using a standard time series techniques. For understanding a long run and short run co-movement among the Shariah compliant stock index, composite stock index and sectorial stock indexes, a co-integration approach, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) have been applied respectively in this study. In addition, Granger causality test have been adopted to determine the lead-lag relationship. The findings show that in the long run, Shariah compliant index stock price and sectorial indexes stock price move together but in short run, speed of adjustment varies among the variables. Ganger causality test shows that there are bidirectional, unidirectional and no causality relationships between Shariah compliant and sectorial indexes.
Use of Abattoir Wastewater Compost as Organic Fertilizer for Rice Production on a Ultisol in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojobor Smart Augustine , Egbuchua Collins N
Published: September 2021

The research was conducted to monitor the influent of abattoir wastewater compost on rice growth and yield in Benin-Owah River Basin in Illah, Delta State, Nigeria. The compost was applied at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 t/ha, and NPK15:15:15 at 250 kg/ha laid in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Rice seeds were sown for two years, and residual effects were evaluated in the third year. Rice plant height, stem circumference, and the number of tillers was measured at two weeks intervals while rice yields have taken at harvest. Soil samples were taken yearly to monitor nutrient changes. Data obtained were analyzed with analysis of variance and mean separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test at α0.05. In the first year, NPK15:15:15 significantly gave the highest dry matter (6.28±1.45 t/ha) and grain yield (2.4±0.53 t/ha). While in the second year, 10 t/ha treatment produced the dry matter (7.69±1.60 t/ha) and grain yield (2.6±0.53 t/ha). In a residual study, the highest grain yield (2.8±0.72 t/ha) was produced in the plot treated with 10 t/ha, and it also gave the highest pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available P content. The compost at the rate of 10 t/ha can increase soil fertility and rice yield.
Estimating the Demand Elasticity of Rice in Bangladesh: An Application of the AIDS Model
Authors: Siddique Md Abu Bakr , Salam Md Abdus , Rahman Mohammad Chhiddikur
Published: September 2021

This study determines the causes of consumption, compensated, and uncompensated demand for rice using the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) model in Bangladesh. The model was used along with the corrected Stone Price Index. The study’s findings showed that the income elasticity of demand for rice was only 0.76, indicating that rice is a normal and necessary food item. The own-price elasticity (compensated and uncompensated) showed that all food items were price inelastic. The rice’s own-price elasticity demonstrated that if the price falls by 10%, rice demand will rise by 8.21%. This cross-price elasticity showed the weak substitution effects of a price change. Therefore, price interference may not lead to a substantial effect on food demand.
Economic Activities for Repatriated Migrant Workers of India: A Framework for Rural Development
Authors: Swain Sukanta Chandra , Padhi Sunil Kumar
Published: September 2021

This paper's basic objective is to design a framework for the efficient accommodation of repatriated migrant workers in Odisha's rural sector (India). For this purpose, secondary data derived through content analysis have been analyzed and interpreted. Besides recognizing migrant workers' wishes and ascertaining their inbuilt skill sets, the framework will focus on skill mapping with the existing and would-be economic activities in the rural sector. Since the inflow of returnee migrant workers to the rural sector has been a crucial point of concern for respective state governments owing to the Covid-19 pandemic, all state governments are alert to addressing the issues of returnee migrants. The State of Odisha is not an exception to this concern. It has been putting all its efforts into accommodating all repatriated migrant workers in the rural sector's economic activities, but with no significant achievement. A framework embedded within the skills matrix will help accommodate returnee migrants to promote rural development against this backdrop. This study's findings will help policymakers shift focus from transfer payments to the creation of capital overheads.
Growth Analysis and the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Small-Scale Poultry Subsector in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Egbe Roli Juliet , Onomu Achoja Roland , Ike Pius Chinwuba , Akpoviri Isiorhovoja Rodney
Published: September 2021

Entrepreneurial orientation is vital to growth and development, but lacking in many small-scale enterprises. This study investigated growth and entrepreneurial orientation in the small-scale poultry subsector of Delta State, Nigeria. It also ascertained the drivers of poultry entrepreneurial orientation in the study area. A multistage sampling procedure was used to collect primary data from 180 poultry farmers, through a questionnaire. A four-point Likert scale of five items was used to measure entrepreneurial orientation from innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including gross margins, an autoregressive lag model, and logistic regression. The majority (57.7%) of the farmers are female. The small-scale poultry entrepreneurs had an orientation that was above average. The autoregressive lag model result indicated an increase in stock size and gross margins of poultry enterprises. It was forecast that the growth trend would increase up to 2022. Furthermore, the ANOVA result was statistically significant at 0.002*** and 0.001*** for stock size and gross margins, respectively. Years of experience and training in poultry farming and noninvolvement of entrepreneurs in other occupations influence their entrepreneurial orientation. Poultriy entrepreneurs must be trained while they adopt poultry farming as their principal occupation.
The Right-Sized Cow for Emerging and Commercial Beef Farmers in Semi-Arid South Africa: Connecting Biological and Economic Efficiency
Authors: T.M Venter , M.A Antwi , O.S Oduniyi
Published: September 2021

The study investigates the right size of cow in terms of both biological and economic efficiency under a typical production system in semi-arid South Africa. Cow size influences biological efficiency of individual animals, which influences herd composition and stock flow on a predetermined resource base. This in turn influences the economic efficiency of the herd. Individual cows were classified as either small, medium, or large and their individual biological efficiency determined. When similar reproduction and growth rates were assumed, large cows were the most biologically efficient, followed by medium and small cows. Income from the herd of small cattle was the lowest, as fewer kilograms of beef were available to sell. Allocated costs for the herd of small cattle were the highest, due to a large number of expenses being charged per head of cattle. Subsequently, when economic efficiency was calculated, the herd of large cattle was more profitable than its smaller counterparts. The herd of large and medium cattle would become less profitable than the herd of small cattle at lower reproduction rates, and these reproduction rates were calculated. Smaller cattle have a faster maturity rate than larger cattle. A faster maturity rate provides the opportunity for early breeding. The effect of limiting feed intake of small, medium, and large cattle was compared and yielded varying results. The study concluded that cattle size influences biological efficiency, biological efficiency influences economic efficiency however there are many more variables that influence biological and economic efficiency other than size, such as reproduction rates.
Osteodensitometric Characteristics of Bone Tissue in Women with Normal Body Weight
Authors: Pashkova I. G.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate age-related changes in bone mineralization indicators in the lumbar vertebrae in women with normal body weight living in the conditions of the Northern region.Material and methods. A complex somatometric examination and quantitative assessment of the bone tissue mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae were performed according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of a group of Slavic women (n=127) with a normal body weight (BMI values from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) aged 20 to 87 years, permanently residing in the Republic of Karelia. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the program "STATISTICA 6.0".Results. The BMI values in women increased significantly every decade of life. Direct correlations of mineral bone density (MBD) with the body length (r=0.46, p<0.001), with the body surface area (r=0.46, p<0.001), with absolute muscle mass (MM) (r=0.39, p<0.001), and with body mass (r=0.29, p<0.001) were revealed. No significant correlation with the adipose mass was found. The incidence of low MBD of the lumbar vertebrae was 48%: osteopenia was in 29%, osteoporosis was in 19% of women. The analysis of the component composition of the body in women with different levels of bone mass showed significant differences in the absolute content of muscle mass.Conclusion. In women with a normal BMI, body weight and muscle mass play an essential role in maintaining lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density.
On the Issue of Eyeball Topography Development in the Intermediate Fetal Period of Human Ontogenesis
Authors: Naidenova S. I. , Lutsai E. D.
Published: September 2021

The article considers the microtopography of the eyeball during the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis.Objective– to identify the features of qualitative and quantitative topography characteristics development of the eyeball with the orbit and its contents in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesisMaterial and methods.The study was conducted on 50 fetuses of both genders (25 male, 25 female) aged from the 14th to the 27th week of gestation, which make up the collection of Human Anatomy Department of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All the material was divided into three age groups: group I (14–18 weeks) contained 18 fetuses, group II (19–23 weeks) contained 19 fetuses, group III (24–27 weeks) contained 13 fetuses. The work was performed by methods of macromicroscopic preparation, by modified N. I. Pirogov's oversplitting method, and by histotopographic method.Results.At an earlier stage, the eyeball occupies a central position in the orbit. By the end of the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis, the eyeball shifts closer to the medial wall of the orbit. In the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis, the entrance to the orbit has the shape of an ellipse with a height and width equal to 15.01±3.98 mm and 13.91±3.25 mm, respectively. The thickness of the medial, lateral, upper and lower walls of the orbit in the intermediate fetal period is 0.46±0.12 mm, 1.98±0.41 mm, 0.45±0.12 mm and 2.11±0.62 mm, respectively. The predominance of length and thickness of the medial rectus muscle of eye over the lateral rectus muscle of eye was noted in all observation groups.Conclusions.The eyeball topography in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis is similar to the topography in the childhood and adult periods, but it has its own fetal features: the shape of the eyeball, the position in the orbit, the relation to the auxiliary apparatus. The most complex topographic and anatomical relationships are noted at the posterior pole of the eyeball in the area of the visual canal.
Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Global Resource Mobility. What Can Be Expected from It?
Authors: Piasecki Ryszard , Wolnicki Miron , Betancourt Erico Wulf
Published: September 2021

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on business, government, and society is getting more attention. The leading AI sectors have higher productivity but a lower share of GDP than those lagging in digitization and AI. There is a technological gap, with still unknown consequences concerning the social contract, the expected new digital welfare profile, as well as the business strategy about globalization. The hypothesis is that while digitization was already in motion (2000–2005), capital outflow from the US to MHGEs (market high-growth economies) in Asia negatively affected its productivity outcome. Additionally, it is expected that AI will give more market power to multinationals, reshaping the social contract. Thus, the current western social contract will no longer be able to cope with the consequences of the weakness of the nation-state, its policymakers, or the powerful profit-driven multinationals to deal with the overall effect of AI. We aim to look at the impact of this new state of technology on the social contract, focusing on the proper actions of government and business to deal with it. We used a descriptive approach based on desk research concerning productivity data, European government policies, trade model analysis, and business approach to AI. We expect to demonstrate the dynamic interaction of the K/L ratio within the prevailing status of global resources mobility, and the dangers unregulated AI represents to labor. Policy actions are needed concerning the legal status of AI and how to avert the collapse of the social contract and the rise of oligarchic cyber‑autocracies.

Our general conclusion is as follows: While capital investments, which would have contributed to improved total factor productivity (TFP) in the USA, went to MHGEs, increasing their GDP growth in less than a decade, the broad use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will reverse massive offshoring, and new types of manufacturing processes will emerge in developed countries.