bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Performance of Weibull, Log-Logistics and Gompertz Survival Models on Oncological Data
Authors: Musa Farouq Ndamadu , Usman Aliyu , Amoto Abdulhameed
Published: June 2024

Cancer is a general term used for a group of diseases that cause abnormal cells to divide without control and overpass other tissues. In addition, if they expand out of control, cancer can result in death, an estimated 14.1 million new cases of cancer and 8.2 million deaths from cancer occurred in 2012 in both sexes. The general aim of the research was to compare the performance of Weibull, Log-logistics and Gompertz survival models on oncological data. The research methodology adopted cases on oncological study was used in this study, obtained from internet sources and publications. Descriptive Statistics of dataset was performed using mean, median, mode, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. Parametric survival models were used in the analysis. The models of Weibull, Log-logistics and Gompertz models were chosen because of their similarities in order to have better basis for comparison and also have differences that will cater to the situation where the other one fails. The models are to be fitted to the data with the view to find the best fit, R statistical package was used in analyzing the data. The result revealed that the maximum likelihood estimates of dataset2 with 3 with different model fit, all the information criteria and log-likelihood of the models, Gompertz model has smallest value in all the information criteria, which indicates that Gompertz model is the best fitted model to Myelogenous leukemia data. It also shows the maximum likelihood estimates of dataset 1 with 3 with different model fit, all the information criteria and log-likelihood of the models. Weibull and Log-logistic models have smallest value in all the information criteria, indicating that Weibull and log-logistic models perform better than Gompertz model in fatigue fracture data. The research concludes that Gompertz model is the best fitted model to Remission Times of Bladder Cancer patients’ data, and Gompertz distribution is the best fit distribution for the data and that Gompertz model and Gompertz distribution is also the best fit to Myelogenous leukemia data. It recommended that Gompertz model is the best fit in the oncological data, followed by the Log-logistic model, Weibull and Log-logistic model behave similarly on the dataset.
The Palestine Conflict and International Politics: A Sociological Analysis
Authors: Rehiana Rehiana
Published: June 2024

One of the longest-running and most complicated problems in world affairs is the Palestine dispute. In order to analyse the war from a sociological angle, this research paper will concentrate on the social, cultural, and historical elements that have led to its continuation. The paper will analyse the origins of the conflict and how power dynamics, identity politics, and geopolitical interests have affected it using a variety of academic sources. There are several suggestions that might be made to address the fundamental problems that are the cause of the Palestine conflict.
A CASE SERIES ON BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Nachiyar Rajeshwari , M K Rajasekar
Published: June 2024

Branchial cleft cysts constitute about 3% of surgical swellings of neck. The current study's objective was to investigate the clinical signs, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of branchial cleft cyst in a significant patient population. At a 3-month follow-up, every patient had completely recovered and there had been no recurrence.
Do we still need deep learning?
Authors:   Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, Romania, Vasile Cristian
Published: June 2024

Deep learning and superficial learning are two distinct approaches to the educational process, each with significant implications for knowledge retention and cognitive skill development. Deep learning is characterized by conceptual understanding and critical thinking, associated with intrinsic motivation and practical application of knowledge. In contrast, superficial learning is based on rote memorization, without integrating information into a wider context, being motivated by extrinsic factors. In the digital age, easy access to information and artificial intelligence (AI) have radically changed the way learning is done. However, deep learning remains critical to developing critical thinking skills, adaptability and long-term retention. Recent studies highlight the importance of continuing to promote deep learning to meet the challenges of a knowledge and innovation-based society. This comparative analysis highlights the need to balance the use of modern technologies with educational methods that promote a deep and applicable understanding of knowledge.
Effectiveness of a training programme to develop inductive reasoning
Authors:   University of Oradea, Romania, Ardelean Denisa
Published: June 2024

In this study, we intend to highlight the effectiveness of a programme to develop cognitive abilities, especially inductive reasoning. For this purpose, we selected 118 young schoolchildren, divided into three groups: experimental, control and placebo. The training programme for the experimental group is based on Koning's theory of inductive reasoning, whose typology includes the six categories: generalization, discrimination, cross-classification, serialization, perturbed serialization and system formation. Following the analysis of the obtained results, it can be stated that the training programme contributed to the development of the inductive reasoning ability.
Exploring ego defense mechanisms in preclinical dentistry students: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors:   Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria, Avramova Nadya , Vasileva Ivanka ,   Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: June 2024

Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological operations that function to protect a person from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings that mediate the individual's reaction to emotional internal conflicts and to external stressors. Challenging academic curriculum in dentistry can result in elevated levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, suicidal intent, and other mental health issues. The aim of the current investigation was therefore to examine the prevalence and type of defense styles used by dental students as well as to analyze associations of these defenses with some demographic and academic factors. The study was based on a cross-sectional design and used convenience sampling to recruit a total of 125 preclinical dentistry students. Defensive functioning was measured by using the Defense Style Questionnaire – modified form (DSQ-20). The results showed that according to their mean scores, the most employed EDM was sublimation, followed by rationalization and idealization. Two conceptual patterns of defenses (mature and immature) tend to co-occur in males as well as in general, men endorsed psychological defenses to a higher degree than did women. There were no significant associations with students’ age and year of study. Contrary to previous reports, a significant negative correlation between academic performance and mature defense styles was found. Proper implementation of defenses might contribute to reducing symptoms of maladaptive behavior, ensuring a better psychological well-being, and increasing quality of life. Considering educational environment, this might facilitate better outcomes in academic field and subsequently, better professional realization of future dentists.
Does talent protect or compromise? Investigation of the emotional and behavioural disorders and giftedness in children
Authors:   Babes- Bolyai University, Romania, Gergely Roland H. , Rusu Alina S. ,   Babes- Bolyai University, Romania; University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Madaras Monika ,   Babes- Bolyai University, Romania, Kinga Kalcza-Janosi ,   Babeş-Bolyai University, Romania
Published: June 2024

Gifted children are often portrayed in a positive light, with little attention given to the potential emotional and behavioural challenges they may face. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of parental and child-related socio-demographic factors, as well as giftedness factors (learning, motivation, creativity and leadership), on aspects of emotional and behavioural disorders. A total of 182 parents completed the demographic questionnaire, the Renzulli-Hartman Scale and the CBCL questionnaire. Our results indicated that, in addition to giftedness, the parental age, the fathers’ education level and chronic illnesses are significant predictors of emotional and behavioural disorders. Giftedness had a greater predictive power for internalization symptoms than for externalization symptoms, in line with previous studies.
O IMPACTO DO DIAGNÓSTICO DE CÂNCER DE MAMA NO ESTADO EMOCIONAL E PSICOLÓGICO DAS MULHERES
Authors: Sousa Camila Trajano de , Costa Nicoly da Silva , Santos Diana Góis dos
Published: June 2024

Introdução: O diagnóstico de câncer de mama implica em um impacto profundo na vida das pacientes afetadas, revelando a necessidade substancial em visitar a realidade psicoemocional frente à doença. Objetivo: Investigar as reações psicoemocionais comuns associadas ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão literária realizada nas bases de dados biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), Scholar Google, Scientific Eletronic Libray Online (Scielo) e ministério da saúde, sendo selecionadas 37 publicações na língua portuguesa. As buscas abrangem o período de 2019 a 2023. Resultados: Foi evidenciado que as reações psicoemocionais mais comuns diante do diagnóstico de câncer de mama são o transtorno de ansiedade e depressão, o medo, a angústia e a tristeza. Por conseguinte, as estratégias de apoio mais comuns e eficazes, são a religiosidade e a rede de apoio social. Conclusão: A análise das consequências psicoemocionais em diferentes escalas a partir do diagnóstico de cancro da mama contribui para a compreensão acerca do processo do adoecimento e a busca por estratégias de apoio eficazes.
ESPACIALIDADES URBANAS DE GOIÂNIA, GO: REVISÃO TEÓRICA E REFLEXÕES PARA O DEBATE
Authors: Pereira Filho Carlos Alberto , Silva Ivamauro Ailton de Sousa , Gomes Raul Carneiro , Salgado Mayany Soares , Cardoso João Carlos dos Santos
Published: June 2024

Esse artigo compartilha abordagens e reflexões sobre as espacialidades urbanas de Goiânia, Goiás. O trabalho foi construído por meio de duas etapas: revisão bibliográfica e trabalhos de campo realizados no bairro Jardim América e no residencial Alphaville Flamboyant. A pesquisa de campo possibilitou identificar as espacialidades urbanas nestes dois locais, a partir das análises da paisagem e dos registros fotográficos. As bases teóricas utilizadas na elaboração desse trabalho proporcionaram um diálogo com diferentes áreas do conhecimento e constitui abordagens ancoradas em diferentes perspectivas teóricas da geografia, das humanidades e das ciências sociais. Os resultados do trabalho revelam que as espacialidades urbanas de Goiânia se caracterizam por diferenciações socioespaciais e de forma abrangente sustentam um importante debate contemporâneo sobre as desigualdades sociais e acerca da apropriação dos espaços urbanos. Conclui-se que, os estudos ancorados na espacialidade urbana intensifica o debate em diferentes perspectivas e oportuniza a compreensão de diversas características socioespaciais de Goiânia, apresentando aspectos (introdutórios) plasmados de questões sobre lugar, territorialidade, paisagem urbana e espacialidades urbanas.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA MÍDIA SOCIAL NOS MEDICAMENTOS PARA EMAGRECIMENTO
Authors: Freitas Evelyn Ximenes Carvalho de , Baiense Alex Sandro Rodrigues , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: June 2024

A obesidade é um distúrbio metabólico em que o indivíduo apresenta uma ingestão calórica muito superior à demanda, sendo um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública. Medicamentos para perda de peso são usados como alternativa, como Orlistat, sibutramina e semaglutida. Os feeds e influências das redes sociais são um dos maiores motivadores; ditam normas que condicionam a magreza e, consequentemente, o uso de medicamentos, para uns trazendo benefícios e para outros trazendo malefícios e acabando por colocar em risco a saúde. Com fáci l acesso à informação (a internet), apesar de ser algo positivo, pode levar ao perigo. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão quantitativa e integrativa da literatura. Nesse sentido, o trabalho baseou -se em artigos reimpressos, monografias, nas seguintes bases de dados: Biblioteca eletrônica científica online (sciELO), Google Acadêmico, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), secretaria de saúde e ministério da saúde. Os termos utilizados para obtenção dos dados seguindo os descritores em ciências da saúde são: influência da mídia, obesidade, medicamentos para emagrecer e redes sociais de padrão de beleza. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram escolhidos com base em critérios de importância. Incluem a disponibilização completa de obras originais publicadas de 2018 a 2024 em português ou inglês. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar os impactos que a mídia tem na decisão de tomar medicamentos e observar os riscos que podem ser gerados. Conclui-se que, pelos fatos citados, o uso de medicamentos para emagrecer é eficaz, mas também perigoso quando não acompanhado por profissional capacitado, pois cada medicamento apresenta reações diferentes. A mídia nos influencia tanto negativa quanto positivamente. A comunicação em geral é uma ferramenta poderosa, considerando o seu poder de manipulação de informações. Utilizar os padrões de beleza impostos pela sociedade leva a grande maioria a querer se enquadrar em tais padrões, por isso os efeitos colaterais estão presentes, principalmente quando o objetivo de perda de peso é alcançado. Portanto, o problema pode ser evitado com um acompanhamento adequado para pessoas obesas ou que desejam apenas se enquadrar nos padrões julgados pela sociedade.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA REDE DE APOIO FAMILIAR NO PROCESSO DE REABILITAÇÃO DO IDOSO COM ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO
Authors: Silva Monalisa Dornelas , Silva Márcia Cristina de Santana , Santos Maria Eduarda Pontes dos , Nascimento Mariana Valença do
Published: June 2024

O acidente vascular encefálico é um problema de saúde pública que impacta diretamente a qualidade de vida de indivíduos acometidos. Na população idosa, além do processo fisiológico do envelhecimento, o diagnóstico desta patologia traz repercussões biopsicossociais que impactam diretamente no processo de reabilitação. Torna-se crucial, portanto, a colaboração efetiva da família para o sucesso do processo de reabilitação. Este estudo possui como objetivo evidenciar de que forma a rede de apoio familiar influencia no processo reabilitativo do idoso após o diagnóstico de acidente vascular encefálico. O estudo trata-se de um relato de experiência do atendimento clínico vivenciado no estágio curricular a uma paciente diagnosticada com Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), na clínica-escola do Centro Universitário Vale do Ipojuca, na cidade de Caruaru – PE. A partir dos atendimentos, foi possível identificar avanços consideráveis no quadro funcional da paciente. Além da reabilitação física, a abordagem da família e da paciente proporcionaram a redução das queixas psicológicas familiares, acarretando maior assistência em seu núcleo familiar durante o processo terapêutico de reabilitação. É possível concluir que o núcleo familiar desempenha um papel crucial no sucesso do tratamento fisioterapêutico da paciente, desde a garantia da participação no processo terapêutico, até o sucesso do prognóstico adequado. Sendo assim, é fundamental a integração do núcleo familiar no processo reabilitativo.
Culturally-Adapted Online Psychoeducation for Resilience in Distressed Filipino College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pangngay Jose J.
Published: June 2024

In response to the escalating mental health crisis that calls for accessible, evidence-based resilience programming tailored to students' needs, this experimental study developed and tested an online psychoeducational resilience program for distressed Filipino college students. Grounded on the mental health and psychosocial support pyramid and the Katatagan Resilience Framework, the program promoted resilience, mindfulness, adaptive coping skills, and well-being. Using a pre/post-test control group design, 45 students were randomly assigned to three groups (resilience classes, self-paced journaling, and control). Analyses revealed that resilience classes and self-paced journaling significantly increased resilience, well-being, mindfulness, and adaptive coping while reducing distress and maladaptive coping versus controls. Moreover, the resilience classes yielded better results than the journaling mode. Findings demonstrate the value of tailored, non-specialized interventions within the IASC framework for student mental health. This culturally nuanced program offers an accessible, scalable solution to support distressed students sustainably.
Intermedial participatory culture: ludification and gamification for sustainable development
Authors: Fernández-Castrillo Carolina , López-Varela Azcárate Asunción
Published: June 2024

The research approaches civic engagement from the perspective of Intermedial Studies, shedding light on different strategies of ‘mediation’, the way people engage in civic practices and shape the public sphere in postdigital culture. The paper explores the evolution of civic webs, living labs, forms of meaningful play in ludified transmedia practices, and serious videogames as diverse media that can address the intersection of civic engagement and sustainable development. A focal point of the research is the role of intermedial participatory strategies to promote a sociocultural scenario sensitive towards United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to urban planning, smart cities, and environmental issues. Building upon this starting point, the study extends to the transformative realms of transmedia storytelling and the difference between ludification and gamification, elucidating the main role of game-based public participation to fostering community engagement and eco-digital literacy. The paper supports the empowering potential of multiplatform, co-creative and experimental environments in advancing communal pursuits of sustainable goals in interconnected and offline contexts for sociocultural innovation.
Estudio de caso en una familia con un niño con síndrome de PACS1 mediante la escala PICCOLO
Authors: Teira Serrano Celia , Martínez Castilla Pastora , Nieto Carmen
Published: June 2024

Los Modelos Centrados en la Familia del ámbito de la Atención Temprana dan como resultado el empoderamiento familiar junto a una mayor competencia de los menores en las rutinas. El presente estudio de intervención de caso único se ha realizado bajo este modelo. Durante un año, se ha acompañado a la familia de un niño con síndrome de PACS1, un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de origen genético y muy baja prevalencia. Mediante la Escala PICCOLO de observación de las interacciones parentales con los/las niños/as, se analizaron grabaciones mensuales del padre jugando con su hijo. Tras establecer tres meses de evaluación de línea base, se realizaron devoluciones bimensuales por videoconferencia a la familia, basadas en sus preocupaciones y en aspectos concretos de cada uno de los 4 dominios de la escala, con el fin de facilitar su comprensión del desarrollo e interacciones con el menor. El padre se encontraba en la media poblacional de puntuaciones en estos cuatro dominios, y evolucionó positivamente y de forma constante en uno de los objetivos de intervención planteados (ítem 3 de la escala de enseñanza: “Repite o expande las palabras o los sonidos del niño”). Al finalizar, se valoró con la familia este modo de intervención destacando la utilidad del visionado de las grabaciones a posteriori y su sensación de competencia.
Análisis prosódico de niñas y niños en etapa escolar con y sin diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA): un estudio comparativo
Authors: Sepúlveda Contardo Miguel , Illanes Riquelme María José , Jara Lavín Katherine , Paredes Fuentes Valentina , Zambrano Viedma Valentina
Published: June 2024

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por deficiencias en la comunicación e interacción social, donde se incluye la prosodia. Se mencionan alteraciones como monotonía, difícil manejo de volumen y acentos inadecuados, junto a una desconexión entre la entonación y el significado. No obstante, la literatura no es precisa sobre estas características en etapas tempranas. Así, nuestro objetivo fue comparar las diferencias prosódicas del habla entre escolares con diagnóstico de TEA y con desarrollo neurotípico. Mediante un diseño observacional, de corte transversal y alcance comparativo, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se incluyó a 37 participantes entre 7 y 11 años (17 con diagnóstico de TEA y 20 neurotípicos), en etapa escolar básica con lectoescritura adquirida. Cada familia realizó la toma de muestra, pidiendo lectura del “Texto del Abuelo” y de la frase “Esta es mi casa”, prolongando la última /a/. Se analizaron F0, intensidad, cantidad y duración de pausas, velocidad y acentos, mediante prueba T y U de Mann Whitney. Los resultados establecen sólo una tendencia en las variables intensidad y cantidad de pausas entre ambos grupos, pero sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La ausencia de diferencias podría deberse a la etapa de desarrollo en la que se encuentran los participantes. Considerando las limitaciones (muestra reducida, variabilidad de resultados en individuos, toma de muestras) proponemos profundizar más esta materia realizando los cambios pertinentes para seguir contribuyendo al estudio de esta habilidad comunicativa en esta población.
Analysis of the Impact of Termination of Employment on Employee Finances
Authors: Harmen Hilma , Syahreza Dina Sarah , Hutagalung Gracella Rosnah S , Sahfitri Serly , Wulandari Artika , Siregar Ade Mima Zakia , Limbong Novia Grace Cristin
Published: June 2024

Companies can help their employees better manage their finances through employee benefits programs such as financial counseling and retirement planning assistance. These programs provide employees with the necessary knowledge and tools to make wise financial decisions, thereby improving their financial management capabilities and positively impacting their long-term financial well-being. A good and stable working relationship provides many financial benefits, such as income stability, additional benefits, and company support in professional development and financial management. This research uses a qualitative method with data collection based on a thorough literature search and literature sources. In addition, the psychological and emotional impact of layoffs also needs to be considered as it can threaten employees' quality of life and mental health. Therefore, it is important for companies and governments to provide support and assistance programs for employees affected by layoffs to help them recover and achieve financial stability and well-being in the future. Layoffs can have serious consequences including loss of income, cash flow disruption, debt, loss of social security and health insurance, and psychological distress. The negative impact of layoffs is not only limited to finances, but also includes stress, anxiety, depression and disruption of personal relationships. Therefore, it is important for companies and governments to work together to provide support and assistance programs to employees affected by layoffs.
Influência da Tocologia Francesa no Surgimento da Escola Obstétrica do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Braga Antonio , Rezende Filho Jorge
Published: June 2024

Este artigo histórico propõe-se a rever, brevemente, a história da obstetrícia brasilei¬ra, desde o período pré-colonial até o surgi¬mento da Escola Obstétrica do Rio de Janei¬ro, enfatizando saberes e práticas que foram influenciados pela Obstetrícia francesa, ao longo dos séculos. O artigo ainda apresenta os autores e textos franceses que influencia¬ram os patriarcas da obstetrícia no Rio de Ja¬neiro, passando pela organização dos serviços obstétricos e do ensino na Faculdade Nacional de Medicina, até o início das trocas de conte¬údo bibliográfico do Brasil para a França e a sistematização da especialidade em nosso país.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of low cardiac output syndrome after open heart surgery in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Laila Dewi S. , Perdana Andri , Permatasari Ruth K. , Kadim Muzal , Advani Najib , Supriyatno Bambang , Chozie Novie A. , Djer Mulyadi M.
Published: June 2024

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor in determining low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) has not been widely reported. The aim of this study was to explore the role of pre-surgery, 0-, 4-, and 8-hour post-surgery NLR as predictors of LCOS incidence after open heart surgery in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study used a prognostic test with a prospective cohort design and was conducted from December 2020 until June 2021 at the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The subject consisted of children aged one month to 18 years who underwent open heart surgery using a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine. A receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to identify the predictive performance of NLR for poor outcomes (LCOS incidence). Out of 90 patients included in the study, 25 (27.8%) of them developed LCOS between 3 to 53 hours post-surgery. All NLR values (pre-surgery and 0-, 4-, and 8-hours post-surgery) were associated with the incidence of LCOS. Pre-surgery NLR (cut-off value ≥0.88) had a fair predictive value (area under curve (AUC) 70; 95%CI: 57–83) for predicting LCOS incidence with sensitivity and specificity of 64% and 64.62%, respectively. NLR 0-hour post-surgery (cut-off value ≥4.73) had a good predictive value (AUC 81; 95%CI: 69–94) for predicting LCOS incidence, with 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity. NLR 4- and 8-hours post-surgery had very good predictive values (AUC 97%; 95%CI: 92–100 and 98; 95%CI: 94–100, respectively), with cut-off values ≥6.19 and ≥6.78, had the same 92% sensitivity and the same 96% sensitivity. The presence of LCOS was associated with mortality (odds ratio of 5.11 with 95%CI: 3.09–8.46). This study highlights that pre-surgery, 0-, 4-, and 8-hours post-surgery NLR can be predictors of LCOS after open heart surgery in children with CHD.
Missed Foreign Body Falsely Interpreted as Glass in Surgery
Authors:   Internal Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals Queens Hospital Center, 82-68 164th St, Queens, NY 11432, USA, Hama Jakob
Published: June 2024

Retained foreign bodies (FBs) in soft tissues are typically a complication of open wounds from trauma, accidents, and surgery, for which plenty of patients seek acute medical care. The importance of localizing these FBs is vital to patient health because it reduces the detrimental complications of loss of function, local tissue damage, infection, and sepsis. In today’s modern age, many automobile taillights are composed of three components:
Modeling the Accessibility to Electricity in Nigeria using Time Series Technique
Authors: T. O. Oguntola , O. A. Adesina , S. A. Oke , L. A. Oladimeji
Published: June 2024

Access to electricity in Nigeria has been a major issue for the country for many years. With a rapidly growing population and an increasing demand for electricity, the country has struggled to provide a reliable and sustainable source of power. This work focuses on modeling access to electricity in Nigeria spanning 1990 to 2020 extracted from the World Bank database. The data was subjected to Augmented Dickey-fuller test and the Box-Jenkins ARIMA time series methodology was used for analysis. The time plot showed a continuous fluctuation of access to electricity in an upward trend direction and the result of the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test suggested that the series is not stationary at original level, but the model incorporates first differencing. The electricity accessibility series was modeled and predicted using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). ARIMA (0,1,1) was selected as the appropriate optimal model based on the Akaike's Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion. Likewise, from the result of the forecast the access to electricity in Nigeria will continue to rise for the next 10 years. It was recommended that the government should make efforts to address the issue by implementing reforms, privatizing the electricity sector, and investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.
Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for content Analysis of Sparfloxacin using Hydrotropic Solubilization
Authors: Ethiraj T. , Revathi R. , Amudha M.
Published: June 2024

This present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible and cost-effective UV spectroscopic method for the analysis of Sparfloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation using hydrotropic solubilization. The solvent used for this work was 20% sodium benzoate solution as hydrotropic solubilizing agent. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out at 292nm and Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 2-20μg/mL. The method was shown the linearity of above concentrations with regression equation y = 0.5186x – 0.0132 with correlation coefficient of R² = 0.9992. The proposed method was statistically validated for accuracy, repeatability and ruggedness as per ICH guidelines. The percentage content for precision studies and percentage recoveries determined for Sparfloxacin marketed tablet formulations were close to 100 with low %RSD. Hence, the proposed method was accurate, cost effective and enough precise.
A Brief Review on Process Validation and its Types
Authors: Gaikwad Shrutika , Mankar Someshwar
Published: June 2024

Quality is always chosen with specific intention by any industry for its products manufactured. Obtaining the desired quality is always a difficult task for any pharmaceutical industry. For the pharmaceutical sector, achieving the appropriate quality is always a challenging undertaking. The art of developing and putting the planned actions into practice in addition to the documentation is known as validation. Together, validation and quality assurance will guarantee the items' overall quality. Process design factors related to FPR producing a high-quality product for any industry are the primary focus of process validation. Maintaining process control during each batch's commercialization is another aspect of process validation. A dosage form is a chemical compound's physical dosage that is part of a formulation that can be manufactured on a wide scale with consistent product quality and is meant to produce a predictable therapeutic response in medicine. Achieving and sustaining the quality of the final product at every point of its life cycle, not just the finish, depends in large part on validation. This article provides a general introduction and summary of the significance of process validation in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
UHPLC: Development and Recent Applications
Authors: Khan Hamid
Published: June 2024

The pharmaceutical industries and academic institutions are adopting the more advanced chromatographic technique i.e. UHPLC for analysis pharmaceutical compounds. UHPLC has been successfully applied for identification and determination of compounds in almost every area of chromatographic and pharmaceutical analysis. It provides the fast, better chromatographic separation and shorter chromatographic run time as compared to conventional HPLC technique. In this review article author provides the information of development of UHPLC and its recent applications with examples of some of the most advanced work in the pharmaceutical analysis.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Screening of Leaves of Raphanus sativus Linn
Authors: Suresh Thamizharasi , Vellaisamy Shankari , Kumaran V S Parvatha Raja , Ashok Chetan
Published: June 2024

Raphanus sativus (commonly called as Radish) belonging to family Brassicaceae which is a multipurpose plant with high attributes and potential. The study is aimed to evaluate the Pharmacognostic and to reveal the phytochemical profile of Raphanus sativus which serve as authentication and quality control for the crude drug. Microscopical studies and physiochemical parameters like ash value, extractive value, loss on drying and determination of crude fiber content were observed. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to identify the various phytoconstituents present in the crude drug. Macroscopical and phytochemical characters such as Fluorescence analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography were studied for the presence of secondary metabolites and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography fingerprints were studied. Microscopic analysis and phytochemical evaluation provides sufficient data for characterize the drug. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation of Raphanus sativus were performed in various extraction solvents such as Ethanol, Chloroform and methanol and revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phytosterols, Steroids, Tannins and fixed oils. The study concluded that pharmacognostical evaluation data provided will be helpful in characterization of the crude drug and also leads in the development of the pharmaceuticals and research.
Questionnaire Based Awareness Study for Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting by the Community Pharmacist in Amravati District
Authors: A Manapure Shreyash , V Ajmire Prashant , R Salpe Hrulesh , Ratkal Shivam , P Malkhade Atharva , N Khatale Pravin
Published: June 2024

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the major problems associated with medication. Efficiency and success of any pharmacovigilance program relies heavily on the participation of all health professionals. Spontaneous ADR reporting is the cornerstone of Pharmacovigilance. Pharmacists can promote medication safety through spontaneous reporting of ADRs. However, underreporting is a huge problem due to lack of reporting culture amongst healthcare professionals, Different educational interventions and different factors (socio-demographic & professional) have been implicated to influence reporting process. The present survey was undertaken to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices regarding ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance among the community pharmacists (20) in Amravati District; and to identify the main factors and barriers that influence ADRs reporting. It is a questionnaire based survey including 25 questions related to Pharmacovigilance, ADRs and their reporting. The responses from the community pharmacists were recorded and evaluated. From the survey it was found that, most of the pharmacists have more awareness and information about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting compared with elderly pharmacists (age 50-60 years). Some pharmacist were unaware and lack of basic information regarding the reporting of an ADR, while some of them were found to be aware and knew the process of reporting an ADRs. Improving ADR reporting by pharmacists is essential for enhancing pharmacovigilance and ensuring patient safety. By increasing awareness and knowledge about ADRs and ADR reporting, and providing support and incentives for reporting, pharmacists can play a vital role in detecting and preventing ADRs, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and drug safety.
Preprobiotics and Ayurvedic Ingredients for Halitosis Treatment: A Review
Authors: Kumar Sahu Venkata , Sethi Rajiv
Published: June 2024

Halitosis, or bad breath, is a common oral health issue that can negatively impact a person's social and psychological well-being. The treatment of halitosis often involves the use of mouthwashes, chewing gums, and other oral care products. However, preprobiotics and natural ingredients prescribed in Ayurveda have gained popularity as effective treatments for halitosis. Preprobiotics can be effective in treating halitosis by improving the balance of oral bacteria and reducing the growth of odor-causing bacteria. Ayurvedic ingredients such as fennel, clove, cinnamon, neem, and triphala have antimicrobial properties that can help to kill bacteria in the mouth and freshen breath. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the use of preprobiotics and Ayurvedic ingredients in the treatment of halitosis.
Management of Acute Hemorrhage in the Anterior Maxillary Region from an Aberrant Blood V
Authors:   Private Practice, the Dental Center, Panshila Park, New Delhi, India., Mahesh Lanka
Published: June 2024

Implant placement for missing teeth has become a routine procedure to establish functional and aesthetics needs of the patient. And just like any surgical procedure, complications like bleeding, infection, etc can occur during implant placement as well. Bleeding from alveolar antral artery is one such complication which causes bleeding and any clinician should be prepared for its management. Authors have discussed one such case here and its management and that CBCT is a very important diagnostic tool which should be used for every case possible.
From break to breakdown: Mechanical failures in Icelandic fracture hip surgery (2013-2018)
Authors:   Institute of Orthopaedics, Landspítali University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland., Guðnason Ágúst Ingi , Jónsson Krister Blær ,   Institute of Orthopaedics, Landspítali University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland., Tsirilaki Mariella ,   Department of Radiology, Landspítali University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland., Jónsson jr Halldór ,   Institute of Orthopaedics, Landspítali University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Published: June 2024

This retrospective study at Landspítalinn University Hospital in Iceland investigates reoperation rates and reasons for fixation failure in hip fracture cases. In our cohort, we evaluated the effectiveness of various surgical techniques and their association with reoperations. Out of 1876 hip fracture cases analyzed between 2013 and 2018, 78 cases required reoperation due to mechanical failure. Our key findings reveal a significant risk of reoperation associated with internal fixation in displaced femoral neck fractures indicating that the use of hemiprosthesis was a more suitable treatment option in these cases. The study also detected an overreliance on dynamic hip screws for trochanteric fractures, particularly in 31. A2 fractures. Moreover, the frequent surpassing of the 25 mm threshold for Tip Apex Distance points to an opportunity for improving fixation stability. These findings emphasize the importance of surgeons adhering to established surgical guidelines and utilizing evidence-based techniques in hip fracture surgeries, aiming to optimize outcomes and reduce the incidence of fixation failure.
Venous Thromboembolic Risk Factors and Management of Prophylaxis in Elective Gynecologic Surgery Patients
Authors:   Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon., RS Bengono Bengono , B Jemea ,   Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon., AL Amengle ,   Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon., F Ndom Ntock ,   Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon., C Iroume ,   Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon., G Lemoula ,   Intensive Care Unit, Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon., S Kona Ngondo ,   Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon., J Ze Minkande ,   Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Published: June 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to assess thromboembolic risk factors and prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal approach with prospective data collection, from January to June 2021 in the intensive care and gynecology departments of the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. The studied variables were socio- demographic data, indications for surgery, risk factors related to the patient and those related to surgery (according to the modified Caprini score), and the principles of thromboprophylaxis. The collected data were entered using CS Pro 7.0 software and analyzed by Epi-info software version 3.5.4. Results: We recruited 84 patients. The mean age was 45.1±10.2 years. The risk factors found were cancer (41.5%), obesity (32.1%) and hypertension (13.2%). The high global risk was found in 40 cases (47.6%) followed by the very high global risk with 28 cases (33.3%). All patients benefited from early mobilization while 69% used compression stockings. In the overall population, enoxaparin was used alone in 84 cases (100%) and in combination with stockings in 58 cases (69.1%). In the high-risk population (n=68), enoxaparin was used in all the cases and in combination in 48 cases (70.5%). Six thromboembolic events were recorded. Conclusion: VTE prophylaxis should be administered according to recognized guidelines to avoid inadequate prophylaxis. It is well codified. It reduced VTE events.
Discrete Element Methods for Arbitrarily Shaped Granular Materials
Authors: Ji Shunying
Published: June 2024

Granular materials consist of a large number of irregularly shaped solid particles that exist widely in nature or in industrial production. The discrete element method (DEM) was proposed by Cundall and Strack, and it is crucial for understanding the macroscopic mechanical behaviors of granular materials in different engineering fields. Traditional DEMs, primarily using three-dimensional spheres, offer computational simplicity but fail to capture the multiple collisions and interlocking of non-spherical granular materials. Meanwhile, large deformations and high-performance computations of granular materials remain difficult for DEM simulations. Therefore, this seminar addresses major challenges in the numerical modeling of arbitrarily shaped granular materials, involving discrete element methods, large deformation algorithms, GPU parallel computing, and applications to granular flows and ship-ice interaction. We also analyze the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical properties of granular materials to accurately understand the underlying physical mechanisms of non-spherical granular flows, providing essential numerical tools and theoretical evidence for the complex mechanical problems of granular materials in different engineering fields.
شروط صحة التعاقد الإلكتروني في الفقه والقانون
Authors: الله جبريل محمد فضل الله عبد
Published: June 2024

المستخلص:
هدفت البحث إلى الواقع أنّ حياة الأفراد إنّما هي مزيج من التعاملات اليومية المختلفة فيما بينهم، وهذه التعاملات إنّما تنتج آثاراً بين المتعاملين، وما لم يكن هنالك ثقافة قانونية للمجتمع،  وقوانين تفصل في منازعات العقد  المحلي أو الدولي بصورة واضحة حتى تمكن المحكمة لوصول إلي إرادة الأطراف الباطن،  فمن الصعوبة الوصول لحل عادل للنزاع، بحسبان أن العقد الإلكتروني يختلف عن العقود التقليدية.
 واتبع المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي، واستخدمت المراجع القانونية والرسائل الجامعية والقانونية والانترنت كأدوات للبحث. وتوصل الى نتائج أهمها: يتميز العقد الالكتروني عن العقد التقليدي بالوسائل التي يبرم بها حيث ينعقد عبر رسائل الكترونية وتكنولوجية في انترنت وفاكس وهاتف محمول وغيرها من وسائل الاتصال وهذا يسهم بشكل حقيقي في توفير الوقت والجهد والمال وهو الأمر الذي خلق تفرد العقد الالكتروني، ولابد أن تنظم أركان العقد الالكتروني (الإيجاب)القبول أو في القوانين الوطنية ذات الصلة حيث شرع قانون المعاملات الالكترونية السوداني 2007م تنظيم المعاملات الالكترونية ولكننا تري إنه اغفل العديد في الجوانب الاصلية مثل التسليم الملكية المعنوية وهذا الأمر لم يعالجه قانون المعاملات المدنية اعتباره القانون العام، والعقد الالكتروني يتسم بسمة دولية تجعل معظم الدول في العالم  في حالة اتصال دائم  علي الخط الالكتروني شبكة الانترنت وهذا يضعنا أيضا في مواجه مشكلة القانون الواجب التطبيق علي العقد الالكتروني، وبما أن العقود الالكترونية عقود تتم عن بعد حاضرين في الزمان وغائبين في المكان هذه الخصوصية لها دور فعال في اختلاف في المعايير العامة للاختصاص القضائي.
كما يوصي الباحث أهيب بالمشروع السوداني على وجه  الخصوص بأن يقوم بوضع تنظيم قانوني خاص بالمعاملات الإلكترونية من بينها معايير وضوابط اللجوء للقضاء وذلك لأهمية هذه المعاملات وأتساع مجالها وفعاليتها، والتوجيه بضرورة التعاون بين الدول لوضع نظام محدد يبين أحكام تطبيق وتنفيذ إحكام المحكمة الصادرة في المنازعات الالكترونية لان الحكم القيمة له بدون تنفيذه، وتشجيع أفراد الشعب السوداني على التعامل الذكي مع التجارة الالكترونية والتوجيه بالورش اللقاء المحاضرات بفوائد التجارة الالكترونية والعقود الالكترونية بصفة خاصة لما في ذلك من يشير على الناس.
واقع دعم وتطوير جهود منظمتي اليونسيف وبرنامج الغذاء العالمي في دعم التعليم الأساسي من وجهة نظر قادة التعليم بولايــة شــمال دارفــور
Authors: محمود تندل عفيفي إخلاص
Published: June 2024

المستخلص :
هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور منظمتي اليونسيف وبرنامج الغذاء العالمي في دعم التعليم الأساسي وتحسينه من وجهة نظر قادة التعليم والمعلمين بمرحلة التعليم الأساسي بولاية شمال دار فور. استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من 510 قائداً، اختار الباحثان عينة عشوائية بسيطة بلغت 171 قائداً، وذلك بنسبة 34% وتم استخدام أداة الاستبانة لجمع البيانات، ولتحليلها تم استخدام برنامج التحليل الاحصائي(SPSS). توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: أن الاستفادة من الدعم المقدم من منظمة اليونسيف وبرنامج الغذاء العالمي لدعم التعليم الأساسي للتلاميذ جاءت بدرجة عالية، وذلك بمتوسط حساب(3.895)، ولاستفادة المجتمع جاءت بدرجة عالية، وذلك بمتوسط حساب(3.755)، ولأولويات الوزارة جاءت بدرجة عالية، وذلك بمتوسط حساب(3.968). كما أن الرؤى المستقبلية لتطوير جهود منظمتي اليونيسيف وبرنامج الغذاء العالمي لدعم التعليم الأساسي للإهتمام بذوي الحاجات الخاصة وتأهيل اليافعين والفاقد التربوي جاءت بدرجة عالية، وذلك بمتوسط حساب(3.874)، ولمعالجة مشكلة التسرب المدرسي جاءت بدرجة عالية، وذلك بمتوسط حساب(3.698)، وللوسائل التعليمية الحديثة جاءت بدرجة عالية، وذلك بمتوسط حسابي(3.898). وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الدراسة بجملة من التوصيات منها: تحديد الأنشطة والوسائل التعليمية التي تضعها المنظمات الطوعية قبل البدء في التنفيذ، والعمل على زيادة جهود دعم منظمة اليونيسيف وبرنامج الغذاء العالمي لتحسين التعليم الأساسي، وكذلك الاستفادة من الدعم المقدم من اليونسيف وبرنامج الغذاء العالمي لدعم التعليم الأساسي لاستفادة المجتمع.
المستجدات المعاصرة لمصارف الوقف (دراسة فقهية: أوقاف دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة أنموذجاً)
Authors: عبد اللطيف محمد عبد اللطيف عبد الرحمن
Published: June 2024

المستلخص
يهدف البحث إلى إبراز أهم الصور المستجدة والمبتكرة في المصارف الوقفية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، والتعريف بها، وبيان مدى مشروعيتها ، في ضوء التكييف الفقهي لها، ومدى توافقها مع ما سطره العلماء في مدوناتهم الفقهية، ومدى إسهام نظام الوقف الإسلامي في سد حاجات المجتمعات الإسلامية.
ويتمثل منهج البحث في اتباع المنهج الاستقرائي، التحليلي المقارن، والاستنباطي، ويخلص البحث إلى ضرورة الابتكار والتجديد في صور المصارف الوقفية؛ تلبية للحاجات المجتمعية والبشرية المتزايدة، بيان تنوعها وجِدّتها في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، وتوافقها مع ما سطره فقهاؤنا من أحكام في مدوناتهم الفقهية. أن تجديد الاجتهاد الفقهي المعاصرة أعطى الحرية للمصارف الوقفية، ومنها مصرف عموم الخير للخروج بمصارف جديدة وابتكارية ناجعة تدعم حاجات المجتمع.
ويوصي البحث بضرورة تنمية الوعي المجتمعي بأهمية الوقف، وضرورة التنويع في الأوقاف ومصارفها، والسعي الحثيث في إقامة الندوات المؤتمرات حوله، ودوام التواصل مع أهل الخير والتجار من أجل ذلك، وتشكيل اللجان الشرعية في الجهات المختصة لبحث ما يستجد من قضايا في هذا المجال.