bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy and Culture: From Machiavelli’s Political Philosophy to Kipling’s Political Prophecies
Authors: Dolgov K. M. , Starikova E. I.
Published: June 2021

The article is concerned with interrelationship of policy and culture, in particular N.Machiavelli's political philosophy and its reflection in some short stories by R.Kipling, one of the most recognized representatives of the British imperial thought. Policy and culture have traditionally been considered almost incompatible spheres of human activity as policy tended to become more and more severe, cynical, "dirty", while culture aspired to develop supreme values and perfect ideals. Sometimes the direct confrontation between policy and religion, policy and morals, policy and law, policy and literature, policy and art in the broad sense of the word could occur. The greatest Renaissance masters - Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Rafael etc. - actively opposed any evil manifestations: evil ideas, evil words, evil doings, expressing in their masterpieces the highest ideals and values. However, these ideals and values drastically diverged from the reality, political and public relations of the time, the "dirty" policy conducted by the rulers of numerous Italian principalities. It is no coincidence that N.Machiavelli develops his new political philosophy aiming not only to create the strong unitary state, but also to overcome this "dirty" policy at least to a certain extent. Therefore, describing the mechanism of the "dirty" policy that opposes high culture, N.Machiavelli introduces a new political philosophy which should be based on the highest ideals and values. As far as literary art is concerned, one can easily see that such world famous novelists as Kipling, Chekhov, Maupassant and many others reflected in their short stories that very longing for highest values and ideals which are almost absent in political doctrines and political practice. The true policy is necessarily based on the true culture and its values and ideals, whereas the true culture is indispensably connected with the true policy.
Central Asia, Euro-centrism and Colonialism
Authors: Nurulla-Khodzhaeva N. T.
Published: June 2021

The following article should not be dismissed as yet another attempt to construct a renewed round ofrevisionism in history. On the contrary, it aims to explore the possibility of scaling down the dominant Eurocentric epistemology that served as a basis for a stereotypical frame of knowledge about Central Asia. The majority of researchers of the region do not deem the need to review the scale of contradictory clashes created by the notion of Eurocentrism. The latter is reflected in numerous articles about the frozen (and sadly deadlock) dilemma on why and how were the lands of Tajiks, Uzbeks and Kazakhs divided. By publishing conventional analyses on the region's "clumsy separation", experts illustrate their subaltern, narrowly framed by the colonial world, knowledge and hence, remain as gravestones of the Eurocentric methodology. In the process of such explication, the most important role is allocated to the modern culture, which encouraged the formation of the paradox, represented to us via the paraphrased Soviet aphorism: modernity and coloniality are twin brothers. The initiation of the process of decolonizing the mind within the five republics of the region is possible. One of the solutions involves recognizing the integrity of the pluralist-cycled culture and philosophy of the region. The proposed act will allow shrinking the focus on the knowledge within the limited national units and frames (thus, lessening the degree of'fetishism of the national identity'), and rather creating conditions for designing the "bridge", linking different cultures, ideologies and institutional spaces in Central Asia, as a transnational intellectual matrix. The aforementioned theory will provide a basis and structure for empirical facts, and, therefore, drive the researchers from merely constituting to critically thinking, and consequently, inspire to come upon new approaches and fields of study, connecting them with the existing, colonial experiences. It is essential to highlight that based on this, a new dialogue may commence, where Central Asian scholars are regarded as equals to those of other research schools (both within and outside the region).
Corruption as a Problem of Political Theory and Political Practice
Authors: Shashkova A. V.
Published: June 2021

The present article is dedicated to the analysis of "corruption" from point of view of political practice and political theory. The present article studies historical examples of corruption: corruption during the era of Alexander the Great, Carthage, Roman Republic. The article gives the evolution of the term "corruption", pointing out current aspects of the term. The article provides positive and negative results of corruption, gives resume. The present article analyses corruption results: economical, political and social. Most important economical consequences of corruption are the following: increase of shadow economy, decrease of tax payments, weakening of the state budget, breach of market competition, decrease of market effectiveness, destabilization of the idea of market economy. Most important social consequences of corruption are the following: great distinction between the declared and real values, which creates a "double standard" of the moral and behavior, distraction of great sums from public and humanitarian development, increase of property disproportion, increase of social tension. The present article names most important political consequences of corruption: shift of ideas from public development to the security of power of oligarchy, decrease of trust to the state, decrease of image of the country at the international arena, increase of its economical and political isolation, decrease of political competition. The present article gives one of the resumes that the globalization process increases corruption. Together with globalization most important role is given to corporations and corporate corruption comes to the front raw.
Holocaust and its Legacy in the Light of the Contemporary Humanitarian Issues
Authors: Gromoglasova E. S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The paper discusses in-depth new perspectives in the Holocaust studies. It pays special attention to the spatiality of the Nazi camps and analyzes the Holocaust geographies more in general. It conceptualizes the camp as a ‘space of lawlessness’ that was created by political means of terror and exclusion. The specific spatiality of the Nazi camp was constructed by perpetrators with intentions to neglect both juridical law and moral laws of humanity. To prove this point the author analyzes P. Levi, the survivor of Auschwitz, witness and his prominent books “The Drowned and the Saved” and “If This Is a Man”. After reading his witness one can conclude that two spatial characteristics of the camp have been the most fundamental. The first one were the borders that cut the camp’s inmates from the people lived in the outside world and made impossible all human relations like providing help, solidarity, empathy. The second one was ‘the grey zone’ - a spatial metaphor that P. Levi used to explain all forms of collaboration with the camp authorities. The presence of the ‘grey zone’ as a main characteristic of the Nazi camp allows us to conceptualize it as a ‘space’ where ‘the starry heavens and internal moral law’ were no more present. So, the Nazi camp is a ‘place of indistinction’, a ‘spatial threshold’ where ‘moral’ and ‘immoral’, ‘human’ and ‘animal’, ‘drowned’ and ‘saved’ were no more distinguishable. The author analyzes more broaden Holocaust geographies outside the camp. Nazis used extensively occupied territories in Eastern Europe to perpetrate their crimes. The author concludes that the geographical localization of the Holocaust was an expression of Nazi irrational genocidal intentions and spatial imaginations. Eastern territories have been constructed by Nazis as ‘broaden spaces of exception and lawlessness’. That spatial imagination and planning allowed the perpetrators to neglect juridical and moral laws in reality. The paper concludes by insisting on the importance of the Holocaust legacy for modern humanitarian action and thinking. The Holocaust legacy helps us to conceptualize more precisely ‘new spaces of lawlessness’. It provides a base for the concepts of human security and ‘global responsibility’ for saving humanity in the contemporary world.
The Construction of Identities in Space Inversion (the Case of Blagoveshensk and Chei-Che)
Authors: Okunev I. Y. , Basova D. V. , Tislenko M. I.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The article represents a collective research of space identities at the Russian-Chinese border. The authors analyze the space configuration formed at the frontier of Blagoveshensk and Chei-Che regarding it as a social construction. It was an attempt to define the mechanisms of creating space identity at the flexible border marked by fluctuations of economic, political and cultural flows. There is a case of the Chinese town Chei-Che which is more open towards a Russian influence as well as to a deeper integration with the Russian side. Besides, there is a case of Blagoveshensk and its residents’ perception of their Chinese “neighbor”. Two major spatial bases of stateness are traditionally singled out: nation-building and threats to security or, in other words, labeling mental boundaries of community “Us” and actualizing “Others”. Threats to security or, rather, a discourse on them, form “Others” image, on the opposition to which is based nation and its geopolitical code. Existing stable centre-peripheral relations in each country put some thought about the third state-building mechanism - internal “Other”. Interregional differentiation within a state through establishing and maintaining the internal mental boundaries between centre and periphery comprises a mechanism to identify territories which need support to continue to act in compliance with national norms and thereof to facilitate stateness. Russian history could be interpreted as a periodic artificial reproduction of semi-periphery which sets the mental boundaries of internal “Other”. Suburban colonized territories which created an attractive image of Russian state in other territories’ eyes and were funded to the detriment of Russian internal regions became semi-periphery. The research conclusions derive from series field research made in two-cities, during which some sociological and qualitative methods were used. The authors make a conclusion that Blagoveshensk and Chei-Che have two different patterns of space identities determined by official discourse and ordinary perception.
France in the Vienna System of International Relations (the First Half of The 19th Century)
Authors: Ignatchenko I. V.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The Vienna system of international relations established at the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815, was a real challenge for the French political elite during all subsequent decades. France was a defeated party and was thus morally humiliated. The objective for all French governments after 1815 was to improve the position of France in this new system of international relations, including due to the destabilization and breaking of the Vienna system. In the years of the Restoration in France (1814-1830) a major foreign policy action of the government of Louis XVIII was the intervention in Spain in 1823, which refers to the Spanish revolution of 1820-1823. The French government, reflecting the interests of the European reaction, had hoped to raise these military prestige of France, and consequently to raise the question of the revision of the treatises of Vienna of 1815. Despite the success of the intervention, she has not brought the big political dividends in France. After the July revolution 1830 in France, the foreign policy of France intensified. Leading French politicians defined quite clearly exclusive spheres of influence of France, and in 1832 the French troops invaded Central Italy, capturing the city of Ancona. In 1840, during the second Oriental crisis, the French government has opposed themselves to the rest of Europe for the first time since the Napoleonic wars. Ultimately, the strategic position of France in the middle East was weakened. But the exacerbation of international conflict contributed to the strengthening of the French army and Navy. Further successes of the French diplomacy will be linked to the period of the Second Empire in France, in particular, with the Crimean war, that raised has raised status of France, and the decision of the Italian question in the second half of the 60-ies of the XIX century.
Schools of Strategic Thoughts on Russia in the Us Expert Community
Authors: Safranchuk I. A.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the schools of strategic thought on Russia in the US expert community. The author suggests and underpins the system to classify US schools of strategic thoughts on Russia. Based o this classification the author extracts intellectuals fields, within which schools of strategic thought emerge and exist. The suggested methodology is retrospectively applied to describe the evolution of US schools of strategic thoughts on Russia in the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union and until the present. The article also dwells on the major contemporary US schools of strategic thought on Russia. Their origins are traced and basic characteristics summarized. Four such schools of thought are suggested, namely - skepticism, alarmism, realism and unconditional cooperation. The author not only describes the schools of thought as such, but also analyses the dynamics of their interactions. The schemes, summarizing the major thesis of the article, must facilitate the reading process. The suggested methodology can be applied by other authors for further analysis of US debates on Russia and US-Russian relations.
Usulan Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) Di Fitur Aplikasi Logistik di PT. X
Authors: Hasan Alizar , Nadhroh Fifi , Fithri Prima
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat memberikan banyak kemudahan pada berbagai lini kegiatan bisnis. secara umum permasalahan yang dialami perusahaan adalah tinggi nya biaya logistik. Proses logistik yang hanya melakukan satu perjalanan dalam transportasi barang mengakibatkan biaya logistik yang tidak efisien. Aplikasi Logistik “X”adalah solusi digital logistik terintegrasi yang memberikan nilai tambah bagi perusahaan. kondisi aplikasi X saat ini masih belum mampu mendukung pelayanan kepada pengguna secara optimal khususnya fitur transaksi pembayaran otomatis. Solusi untuk mengatasi permasalah tersebut adalah usulan dilakukannya pengembangan fitur aplikasi logistik X untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengguna. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model conceptual Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) berdasarkan fase Customer Relationship Management (CRM) dan proses Knowledge Management (KM). penelitian ini menghasilkan perbandingan fitur hasil pemetaan berdasarkan fase Customer Relationship Management (CRM) dan proses Knowledge Management (KM). Hasil perbandingan fitur yang telah dirumuskan dengan fitur yang tersedia pada aplikasi X tersebut kemudian menjadi acuan untuk menentukan usulan fitur-fitur yang disarankan kepada PT X untuk diterapkan pada aplikasi logistik X. Sehingga nantinya dapat memudahkan dalam pengembangan fitur-fitur aplikasi berdasarkan kebutuhan pengguna aplikasi logistik X.
In vitro salt tolerance induced secondary metabolites production in Abrus precatorius L.
Authors: Deepa P. , Farshana K.P. Lafna
Published: June 2021

The white seeded Abrus precatorius L. is an important herbaceous medicinal plant with broad range of therapeutic effects. In the present study, the internode was selected as explant for in vitro salt tolerance analysis. For callus induction, MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of BAP, KIN and IBA were used. Better callus Fresh Weight and Dry Weight observed on MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5mg/l and KIN 1mg/l. To detect the in vitro salt tolerance potential of calli, NaCl at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mM) were supplemented on MS+BAP0.5mg/l+KIN1mg/l of which 40mM NaCl induced better callus proliferation. The callus grown without NaCl stress showed the presence of eight phytochemical compounds in GC-MS analysis. While the NaCl stress tolerant callus exhibited the presence of seventeen phytochemical compounds. All these analyzed compounds were with antimicrobial / anti-oxidant properties. The present work will be very much helpful to ameliorate the production of medicinally significant compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.
Influences of Mg Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Razooqi Raed N. , Abdulkareem Omar J.
Published: June 2021

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a unique class of material that possesses unconventional properties such as the shape's memory effect, the high flexibility associated with damping capabilities, high wear resistance and fatigue. Given its use in a variety of technological applications, its studies have attracted increased interest in the community of scientists and researchers during the past decades.The shape memory alloy (Cu 83%-Al 13%-Ni 4%) and the other alloy with adding the alloying elements (Mg) with content of (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25) % as a volumetric ratio which was taken from the copper percentage were prepared by powder metallurgy, The powders were mixed using (V-type) powders mixer with mixing speed and time (20 rpm), (16 min) respectively then the samples were pressed by a two-way press (floating die) and pressing pressure (500 MPa) then the green samples where sintered by using vacuum furnace with using Argon gas medium at a temperature (900°C) for one hour and left in the oven to cool down to room temperature.The results showed that both bulk density and apparent density compared to the base alloy increase by increasing the volumetric fraction of Mg by the ratios (5.49)% compared to the bulk density of the base alloy and by the ratios (1.51)% compared to the apparent density of the base alloy. accompanied by a decrease in the real and apparent porosity and water absorption, The results of the mechanical tests showed an increase in the hardness and diametrical compressive strength with the increase of volumetric fraction of (Mg) compared to the base alloy accompanied by a decrease in the rate of wear, The (XRD) test observes the composing phases (α(Cu4Al), β(Cu3Al), γ(Cu9Al44)) in addition to determining the transformation temperature from the Martensite to the Austenite by examining the (DSC) it was found that the Austenite initiation and finish (As), (Af) increased by adding the alloying elements (Mg).
Toughness of Timber Beams Strengthened with Jute Fibers
Authors: Abdulla Aziz I. , Mahmoud Reem Thaker
Published: June 2021

This research involves investigating the toughness behavior of timber beams strengthened by jute fibers with various forms of strengthening. Ten timber specimens with dimensions (70×100×1000) mm are divided into four groups and loaded under a third point loading. The experimental program was carried out to investigate shear and flexural strengthening effects on toughness, toughness indices, ultimate loads, and the mid-span deflection of the tested beams. One beam as a control beam (un-strengthened beam), four specimens are wrapped in U technique in single and double layers along the whole length of the beam in full and strips wrapping technique, three specimens are wrapped in full technique along the whole length of the beam in full and strips wrapping technique, three timber specimens wrapped in flexural strengthening technique with two, four, and six layers of jute fibers. The results show that jute fibers strengthening increases the toughness ratios of timber beams by about (175%-320%), (190%-401%), and (106%-240%) for U, full, and flexural strengthening techniques, respectively, at the ultimate loads compared with the control beam. Furthermore, it is found that the highest toughness ratio is when the beam is wrapped in full strengthening technique.
Review of the genus Anaphes Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Russia, part 1: subgenus Anaphes s. str.
Authors:   Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA, Triapitsyn S.V.
Published: June 2021

Species of the nominotypical subgenus of Anaphes Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Russia are reviewed. A key to females of the 18 Palaearctic species of the subgenus is given. Ten species are newly recorded from Russia (two of them based on tentative identifications), and new records of the extralimital specimens examined are also provided. Three new species are described from the eastern Palaearctic region: Anaphes (Anaphes) csabai sp. n. (Kuril Islands), Anaphes (Anaphes) maxim sp. n. (Primorskii krai and Sakhalin Island), and Anaphes (Anaphes) rfe sp. n. (Primorskii krai and Beijing, China). Several historical records of some species of Anaphes in Russia are critically analyzed in the unfortunal absence of most voucher specimens, having in mind that some of them were likely misiden¬tified.
First record of the family Liopteridae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) from India
Authors:   Zoological Survey of India, PO New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, India, Rajmohana K. , Bijoy C. ,   SERL, Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakkuda, Thrissur, Kerala-680125, India, Patra S. ,   Zoological Survey of India, PO New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, India
Published: June 2021

Family Liopteridae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), an archaic group of parasitoid wasp, is reported from India for the first time. Paramblynotus annulicornis Cameron, 1908 is found in the Great Nicobar Island. The specimen from India is redescribed and illustrated.
O êxito no manejo clínico de um paciente com Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune: estudo de caso
Authors: Melli Poliana Campos , Freitas Diego Miléo de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Demonstrar um estudo de caso de Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune, doença onde anticorpos maternos anti-HPA1a penetram a barreira placentária e destroem as plaquetas fetais que possuem o antígeno HPA1a de origem paterna. Detalhamentos de caso: Recém-nascido do sexo masculino, por parto cesáreo de emergência devido Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gestação (DHEG), pré-termo de 34 semanas, descendente de mãe jovem, caucasiana, primeira gestação e sem comorbidades autoimunes/imunológicas, evoluindo com hipoglicemia, dessaturação com cianose central e alteração na radiografia de tórax, demonstrando infiltrações bilaterais, com necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo e internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, devido forte suspeita de sepse, entretanto os resultados de exames demonstraram apenas plaquetopenia persistente, que apresentou melhora após teste diagnóstico com imunoglobulina humana e corticoesteroides. Considerações finais: Apesar de ser uma condição rara e considerada gravissima, neste presente caso a equipe obteve êxito no manejo clínico, apesar das condições técnicas laboratoriais da cidade não permitirem a realização de exames genéticos apurados.
Machine Acting and Contract Law – The Disruptive Factor of Artificial Intelligence for the Freedom Concept of the Private Law
Authors: Koos Stefan
Published: June 2021

Technologic evolutions of the last two decades, such as the development of the  internet, had a strong disruptive effect to the society and the economy. However, because of the flexible concepts of the civil law codifications a disruptive effect in the private law until now did not exist. Especially the legal consequences  of the internet were integrated into the private law without bigger categorial or structural changes. This applies equally to most of the cases of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent times. With more advanced development of AI-systems, though, it may not be possible anymore to apply the traditional terms of the private law to the use of AI without leaving the constitutional law background of the private law. This article discusses the impact of the use of a future advanced independent AI on the concept of the private autonomy in the contract law. Furthermore, it gives an overview on the new legislative approach of a human centric use of AI in the European Union.
Amandemen Terhadap Pasal 11 Undang - Undang Dasar 1945 Berkaitan Dengan Ratifikasi Perjanjian Internasional
Authors: Gusman Delfina , Zora Zimtya
Published: June 2021

Indonesia cannot close eyes that cooperation with other countries is needed .Different interests and the source of the power possessed make the state independent of one another .Cooperation between countries can occurred in agreed to an international agreement .The national interest and public interest broad should be included in International Agreement to other countries , do not get international treaties approved by the government torment the people. Hence , legal basis international treaties in Indonesia must be clear and firmly , to avoid possible in the practice of especially with regard to the ratification of a treaty. Do not get obscurity legal basis cause financial losses for the state especially the people
Bencana Alam Banjir Dan Tanah Lonsor Di Kabupaten Sentani Jayapura Dalam Prespektif Green Criminology
Authors: Hardiago David , Syafrinaldi Rani Fadhila
Published: June 2021

This article aims to analyze two main problems related to the connection between floods and landslides that occurred in Sentani Jayapura Regency with green criminology discipline as the main approach perspective. This paper also offer projection as a means of prevention of environmental damage that has an impact on the natural disaster. This research uses a multi-method research technique (triangular method), which combines more than one research technique or strategy to study one or several related phenomena. The conclusion, in general, consists of two main parts. First, the connection between flood and landslide natural disasters in Sentani Jayapura Regency with green criminology, lies in the scope of green criminology in relation to factors in factual incidents in the example cases raised. Second, the means of prevention as a projection offer, in outline it consists of several main points. First, restoring the forest area according to its function. Second, conduct a spatial review based on considerations of disaster risk reduction and develop an adaptation scheme at the point of flooding. Third, internalization of land rehabilitation programs in the upstream and middle watersheds (DAS), especially forest areas, into program indications for spatial planning. Fourth, internalization of the soil and water conservation program in the form of Water Drainage (SPA) in agricultural land and settlements to improve regulation so as to reduce the potential for landslides and water accumulation in a short time. Fifth, socialization to the public by providing an understanding of green criminology and the importance of environmental responsibility.
Isolation and characterization of acid and pepsin soluble collagen extracted from sharpnose stingray (Dasyatis zugei) skin
Authors: Ong T.Y. , Shaik M.I. , Sarbon N.M.
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to isolate and characterize the acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin
soluble collagen (PSC) from the skin of the sharpnose stingray (Dasyatis zugei). Isolated
ASC and PSC were subjected to chemical and physical characterizations. The yield of
PSC (34.84±1.26%) was significantly higher than that of ASC (20.48±4.41%) (p<0.05).
There were no significant differences between ASC and PSC in terms of chemical
composition (p>0.05). Both ASC and PSC were thermally stable at high temperatures,
with denaturation temperatures of 24.1°C and 25.2°C, respectively, and maximum
temperatures of 31.94±0.13°C and 31.79±0.23°C, respectively. Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) investigations showed the presence of triple helical structure with strong hydrogen
bonding in both ASC and PSC. Meanwhile, both collagens were highly solubilized at
acidic pH but at different optimal pH. The surface morphologies of ASC and PSC were
loose and possessed slender, less uniform and irregular fibrous network structures with
large and irregular pores observed between the fibrils. This finding showed that the
alternative source of marine collagen possesses good physicochemical properties which
highly potential for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical or cosmeceutical application.
Effect of fish protein hydrolysate on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) emulsion sausage
Authors: Hamzah M. , Shaik M.I. , Sarbon N.,M.
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silver catfish (Pangasius sp.) protein
hydrolysate (SCPH) on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of emulsion
sausage prepared from shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma). The SCPH with different
concentrations (1, 2, and 3%) was added into fish emulsion sausage followed by
characterization of its physicochemical properties. The results obtained from this study
revealed that the fish emulsion sausages contain high moisture content (63.49-66.85%),
protein content (18.04-21.89%), fat content (7.16-8.59%), carbohydrate content (2.28-
2.72%) and low ash contents (1.83-2.17%). The addition of SCPH improvised the
hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience of the emulsion sausage (p<0.05)
compared to the control sample. The finer fat globules were visualized in the sample
added with SCPH at higher concentration of 3% (10-20 µm) compared to other
concentrations (1 and 2%). Besides, the incorporation of SCPH at all concentrations
shows a significant difference on L*, a* and b* values of the emulsion sausages during
extended storage of 12 days (p<0.05). The SCPH was shown to retard lipid oxidation of
sausage after extended storage of 12 days, with lower PV and TBARS values. Therefore,
the effectiveness in retarding lipid oxidation achieved with the higher concentration of
SCPH and it also capable to retain textural properties of fish emulsion sausage in the
refrigerated storage of 12 days. Thus, as an alternative antioxidant in fish emulsion
sausage, SCPH showed a potential to be used as it improved the physicochemical
properties and oxidative stability of fish emulsion sausage.
Quality characteristics of chicken sausages using a combination of jack bean
(Canavalia ensiformis L.) and soy protein isolate as a binder
Authors: Canti M. , Murdiati A. , Naruki S. , Supriyanto
Published: June 2021

Jack beans are one of the legumes with a high protein content to make protein isolates.
This research aimed to evaluate the physical, sensory and proximate qualities of chicken
sausages with jack bean protein isolate (JBPI) and the combination of JBPI and soy
protein isolate (SPI) as a binder to improve the quality of the chicken sausages. This
research included the preparation of JBPI and chicken sausages. The treatments were
formulated as follows: control (without JBPI and SPI); T1 (SPI: JBPI = 100: 0); T2 (SPI:
JBPI = 80:20); T3 (SPI: JBPI = 60:40); T4 (SPI: JBPI = 40: 60); T5 (SPI: JBPI = 20: 80);
T6 (SPI: JBPI = 0: 100). The analysis of the physical, sensory, and proximate properties
of sausages have been performed. The results showed that the JBPI protein content was
high at 93.98% db, and contained higher essential amino acids than the FAO/WHO
standards, i.e., leucine, lysine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, threonine. The combination of
JBPI and SPI improved emulsion stability, lightness, yellowness, texture properties,
protein content, and reduced cooking loss and redness of chicken sausages compared to
control (p<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the overall preference,
slice properties, and texture attributes of chicken sausage with the addition of a
combination of SPI and JBPI were 40:60 (T4) significantly different from the control
received by the panellists (p<0.05). The formulation with the addition of a combination of
SPI and JBPI of 40:60 was the optimal treatment because it improves the overall physical,
sensory, and chemical characteristics of the resulting chicken sausage. JBPI had the
potential as an alternative to substitution for SPI.
Anti-salmonellosis agent for foodborne illness from Mangifera odorata (kuini) extracts
Authors: Adnan H. , Ismail N. , Hasan H. , Mat-Ali M.S.
Published: June 2021

Salmonellosis infection caused by Salmonella bacteria is a public endemic problem in
Malaysia with long-term morbidity and mortality effects. Thus, this study aimed to
explore the antipathogenic activity of natural extracts from Mangifera odorata against two
Salmonella species causing Salmonellosis. The extracts were derived from peel, flesh, and
kernel seed of M. odorata. The inhibition performance of the extracts against both
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
bacteria were subsequently tested by using a bioassay-guided fractionation method.
Results showed that the extracts derived from the kernel seed had the highest inhibition
percentage of 83-90% against the Salmonellosis infection, followed by the peel with an
inhibition of 61-67%, and lastly the flesh with an inhibition of 53-69%. The inhibition
activities of hexane extracted flesh (FCH), methanol extracted peel (PCM), and methanol
treated kernel seed (KTM) against S. enterica ser. Typhimurium bacteria were 59, 67 and
83%, respectively. Furthermore, the S. enterica ser. Enteritidis bacteria were found to be
highly susceptible against the methanol extracted kernel seed (KCM), followed by the
hexane extracted peel (PCH) and flesh (FTH) with the inhibition percentage of 90, 69 and
59%, respectively. The highly active anti-Salmonellosis performance of M. odorata
extracts was attributed to its intrinsically high total phenolics content at 8-10 g GAE/g
extract, high ferric reducing antioxidant power value (FRAP) at 18-22 g Fe2+/g extract and
excellent scavenging activity with the inhibition performance ranges between 86% and
90%. This study revealed the antipathogenic activity of methanol extracts of M. odorata
kernel seed inhibited the growth of both S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser.
Enteritidis bacteria. This study also discovered the prophylactic property of natural
compounds in M. odorata kernel seed extracts and could be used as an anti-Salmonellosis
agent. In the near future, M. odorata can be developed as an innovative functional food
source for specific groups that are vulnerable to Salmonellosis
Leadership style: Is it autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire?
Authors:   Commerce Department, Polytechnic of Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah, Kulim Hi-tech Park, 09000, Kedah, Malaysia, Jaafar Syaiful Baharee , Mamat Zambi Noraihan ,   Commerce Department, Polytechnic of Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah, Kulim Hi-tech Park, 09000, Kedah, Malaysia, Fathil Nor Fathimah ,   Commerce Department, Polytechnic of Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah, Kulim Hi-tech Park, 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
Published: June 2021

The work assigned to employee cannot be completed without clear direction. Therefore, leader's responsibility to provide clear direction leads to the completed task and reduces costs to the organization. Leadership style is essential in inspiring employees to work hard and improve their performance. The purpose of this document is to examine the style of Middle Management Leadership especially, Program Leader. The sample in this study consists of 12 program leaders of Polytechnic of Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah (PTSB), Kedah. The study finds that most program leaders prefer to use a democratic approach. The program leader tends to brainstorm, collaborate and tolerate with another lecturer to achieve the organizational goal. The findings also show that the previous relationship as a lecturer before heading the program influences the leadership style, democratic.
Online Classroom Challenge during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Jaafar
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the world, changes how we teach and learn from traditional approaches to technology approaches. The online classroom is a way to transfer the knowledge, and skills of the lecturer to the student. There is an excellent challenge amongst the lecturer to change the face-to-face method in the online classroom. The purpose of this study is to discuss the challenge facing the online in-class lecturer during the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges for the lecturer are teaching and learning, technology, and workload. This challenge must be managed properly to ensure the effectiveness of the online classroom and students benefit from it.
In government we trust? Micro-business adaptation to climate change in four post-colonial and transitional economies of China
Authors: Lo Yu Hong , Liu Shuwen , Chow Alice SY , Pei Qing , Cheung Lewis TO , Fok Lincoln
Published: June 2021

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The factor analysis of demographic, purchasing behaviour, and customer satisfaction of budget hotel
Authors: Simangunsong Eliot
Published: June 2021

Budget hotels are growing in Indonesia because of the increased number of business travelers and budget travelers. Nevertheless, budget hotels face increasingly fierce competition to attract customers and sustain growth. This research aims to identify factors that determine budget hotels' guest satisfaction. A quantitative approach with the survey as a research instrument has been applied and collected 363 respondents.  Data analysis using SPSS shows that monthly spending, frequency of staying, and lifestyle factors are the main determinants of visitor's decision to stay in a budget hotel. This result indicates that the more prudent the visitor lifestyle, the more likely they will remain at a budget hotel. Furthermore, the Friedman test shows the degree of importance of each factor influencing guest satisfaction in a budget hotel. A posthoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (Bonferroni correction applied) found that cleanliness, price, and location become the utmost important factors determining guest satisfaction.
The ease of transaction and e-service quality of e-commerce platform on online purchasing decision
Authors: Hartono Cynthia , Silintowe Yunita Budi Rahayu , Huruta Andrian Dolfriandra
Published: June 2021

Online business development ease consumers to make purchases. One marketplace that can be consumer choice to shop online is Akulaku. Online purchasing decisions at Akulaku can be influenced by various factors such as ease of transaction and e-service quality. This study aims to analyze the effect of ease of transaction and e-service quality on online purchasing decisions in Akulaku. A total of 104 Akulaku consumers lived across Indonesia as samples were collected by a purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using an online questionnaire with structured questions given to Akulaku consumers. The data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results indicate that the ease of transaction has a positive influence on online purchasing decisions in Akulaku. Besides, the e-service quality also has a positive influence on the online purchasing decisions in Akulaku.
Unlocking brand equity through brand image, service quality, and customer value
Authors: Dewi Rina , Handriana Tanti
Published: June 2021

Building brand equity in customers is essential to create long-term relationships with customers. With high brand equity, the company maintains loyal customers because consumers believe in its quality or service. This study aims to determine how the brand image, satisfaction with service quality, and customer value affect brand loyalty and equity. This research is a quantitative study which collected 215 samples with purposive sampling method. The analysis technique uses Structural Equation Modeling. The results show a brand image, service quality, and customer value are positively affect brand loyalty. The loyal customer attitude influence long-term brand equity. This finding offers a theoretical and practical contribution to developing a marketing management strategy about unlocking brand equity through a strong brand image, service quality, and customer value in the banking sector.
KEGIATAN MENDAKI GUNUNG SEBAGAI MEDIA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Lestari Alif Putra
Published: June 2021

Pendidikan harus mampu menghasilkan individu yang berpengetahuan, terampil, dan mempunyai sikap yang baik. Selama ini pendidikan hanya berfokus pada tujuan kognitif berupa angka-angka, sedangkan aspek sikap belum tersentuh secara optimal. Perlu inovasi pembelajaran yang menghasilkan individu yang berkarakter, yang mempunyai sikap yang baik untuk hidup di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek sikap yang tumbuh selama kegiatan mendaki gunung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, metode pengumpulan data adalah obervasi partisipasi dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan mendaki gunung dapat menumbuhkan sikap baik pada diri peserta didik. Beberapa sikap yang tumbuh adalah sikap perencanaan, kerja sama, tanggung jawab, menghormati, kebersamaan, bersyukur, jujur, peduli, berani, tangguh, toleransi, dan sikap waspada. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, perlu pengembangan model kegiatan untuk menghasilkan individu yang lebih lengkap yang berkarakter.
Dampak Brand Image dan Customer Experience terhadap Customer Satisfaction (Studi Pada Penonton Bioskop XXI di Surabaya)
Authors: Geraldi Yuda Pradipta Yohanes
Published: June 2021

The pressures from such high activity will cause tension, fatigue, fatigue, and stress. Currently, the cinema industry has a promising market, shown by people who have high enthusiasm to watch in the cinema. The impact of brand image and consumer experience on cinema consumer satisfaction is an interesting topic to study. This research was intended to investigate and analyze the influence of brand image and customer experience with the satisfaction of cinema viewers in XXI Surabaya. The purposive sampling method was used through the judgmental sampling method for 50 samples. The hypothesis is tested through multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the first tested hypothesis were found that the brand image variable positively and significantly affected the satisfaction of XXI cinema viewers. The results of the second hypothesis test show that the customer experience variable has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction watching at the XXI cinema.
City Branding ”Shining Batu” dan E-WOM serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Niat Berkunjung Wisatawan (Studi pada Wisatawan di Kota Batu)
Authors: Aleonita Shelea , Andjarwati Anik Lestari
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper was to study the relationships among city branding, e-WOM (electronic word of mouth), and tourist’s intention for visiting. The study focused on the tourists who would visit Batu City as the sample by using a nonprobability sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed to 200 participants by google forms. Data analysis techniques were Multiple Linear Regression with validity and reliability test, classic assumption, and hypothesis test (t-test). The results indicated that city branding is positively influenced by the tourist’s intention for visiting, but e-WOM is negatively influenced by the tourist’s intention for visiting. The implications in this study can be used as input for the Batu City Government in developing the city branding “Shining Batu” to increase tourist’s intention for visiting.
Pengaruh Faktor Internal dan Eksternal terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional (BUSN) Non Devisa Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Utami Andini Estikarti
Published: June 2021

Banks in Indonesia are required to do their own assessment by using a risk-based bank rating based on RGEC – Risk Profile, GCG, Earnings, and Capital. The goal of this research is to analyze the leverage of internal and external factors on the profit growth of non-foreign exchange national private commercial banks in 2014-2018. This research is a causal study with purposive sampling technique, so that 21 banks sample are obtained. The analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, it was found that there was a simultaneous influence between the independent variables on profit growth. Partially, only LDR has a positive and significant effect on profit growth. When LDR ratio increases, profit growth will also increase which means that operational activities have been running efficiently and the bank can fulfill its obligations to creditors. Meanwhile, the other variables such as NPL, GCG, ROA, BOPO, CAR, and inflation do not affect on profit growth.
Analisis Komparatif Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity berdasarkan Political Event (Event Study pada Pengesahan RUU KPK 2019)
Authors: Hafidz Maulana Faizal , Isbanah Yuyun
Published: June 2021

This research aims to analyze the reaction of the Indonesia capital market with average abnormal return (AAR) and cumulative abnormal return (CAR) before-after the legality of KPK law revision in 2019. This research also using trading volume activity to describe the react of capital market before-after the legality of KPK law revision in 2019. This research use event study for analysis method with 5 days before and 5 days after the event with secondary data from the Indonesia capital market. The research testing by Paired Sample T-Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The result of Kolmogorov-Smirnov shows that AAR, CAR, and TVA are normal distribution. The result of the paired sample t-test shows that no difference between average abnormal return and trading volume activity before-after the political event because investors already get bad news on before and after the legality of KPK law revision in 2019 which make investor wait and see. But, the paired sample t-test shows the difference between CAR before-after the legality of KPK law revision in 2019, because the investor gets a positive abnormal return on t-3 and t-4 which make a different cumulative abnormal return.
Analisis Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan, Kepemilikan Manajerial, dan Kepemilikan Institusional terhadap Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Sektor Perdagangan, Jasa, dan Investasi yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2015-2018
Authors: Masita Ainnun , Purwohandoko Purwohandoko
Published: June 2021

Financial distress causes the company to restructure or even going bankrupt. It means the prediction of financial distress is important to anticipate the occurrence of bankruptcy. This study aimed to determine the effect of financial ratios, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership on financial distress. The independent variables used in this study are the current ratio, debt to assets ratio, return on assets, total assets turnover, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. This research’s population is sector trade, services, and investment firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. It implements purposive sampling techniques and finally obtained 15 firms as samples. The research then is analyzed using logistic regression and calculated using SPSS software version 25. The result showed that debt to assets ratio had a positive significance on financial distress and return on assets had a negative significant effect on financial distress. While the other variables of total assets turnover, current ratio, managerial ownership, institutional ownership don’t have a significant effect on financial distress. Therefore, the companies are expected to pay attention to increasing the value of debt to assets ratio and return on assets to avoid the possibility of financial distress.