bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPER – DETERMINING CRITERIA AND ITS PLACE IN BUSINESS
Authors: BILOKON A.I. , KYSLYTSIA L.V. , NAUMOV V.O.
Published: March 2023

The work explores the current direction of project activity, aimed at the developing territories and transforming land (real estate) into a new uses (development). The purpose of the article: to show real estate development as continuous changes (reconstruction, new development) of the environment to meet the society's needs as well as the developer role in the development of territories and the main features that define the concept of a developer. Results: Development stages, the tasks of the developer and his position in relation to other participants and the results of development, as well as professional competencies of the developer at the stages of real estate building, which are important for development tasks, were considered. It is shown that in order to perform its functions, the developer will need to build appropriate relationships with participants at all stages of real estate building. To establish communications at a professional level with all participants, general knowledge of project management or marketing will not be sufficient. The land acquisition procedure, the “technical part” of the tender documentation, pre-qualification, contract negotiations, ordering technical conditions and obtaining permits, construction (supervision) require the developer to have engineering and professional knowledge, special competencies and professional construction education. It is shown that the authors of publications on the research topic in the definition of "developer" usually indicate what the developer does at the stages of real estate object building. It is indicated, the developer-entrepreneur, receiving his profit from the real estate object building (development); the main task of the developer is to maximize the value of the object. It also indicates the scope of responsibility and functions of the developer. This work shows that the key in defining the concept is not what the developer does at all stages of real estate building, but his attitude towards the results of the project. The developer is the owner of the project, creates the development object and implements it with maximum profitability. It is shown that the features that are defining for the concept of “developer” include: authorship of an idea, concept; ownership of the land plot where the project is implemented and the real estate object; personal responsibility for achieving project results; organization of functioning; accounting, coordination and payments; receives benefits from the realization of the real estate object.
АДАПТАЦІЙНІ РІШЕННЯ В АКВАКУЛЬТУРІ НА ФОНІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ АБІОТИЧНИХ ТА БІОТИЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ
Authors: Гончарова Олена , Бех Віталій
Published: March 2023

The results demonstrate the significant influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the effective parameters in aquaculture. The results reflect the state of study of the issue of European integration of aspects of energy saving into technological maps of
European Union Fundamental Rights Reflected in Tax Procedures. The Key for Tax Harmonisation inside The European Union?
Authors: Pătrăuş Mihaela Elvira , Vidrean-Căpușan Tudor Dumitru
Published: March 2023

Although it has an internal market with the aim of obtaining full tax harmonisation, the European Union is still struggling to provide a common standard for 27 different tax systems. Because there are almost no European Union tax procedural regulations, after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the fundamental rights of the EU have begun to play an increasingly active role inside the European Union. Therefore, the European Union Court of Justice is ever more often required to deliver decisions related to the compatibility between national tax procedures and the rights guaranteed by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The present article aims to make a presentation of the most important decision delivered by the Court of Luxembourg and to analyse the way in which these decisions can support the European project of tax harmonisation. Keywords: Tax; Harmonisation; Procedures; Fundamental rights; EU Charter
Initial-boundary value problem for higher-orders nonlinear elliptic-parabolic equations with variable exponents of the nonlinearity in unbounded domains without conditions at infinity
Authors: Bokalo M. M. , Domanska O. V.
Published: March 2023

Initial-boundary value problems for parabolic and elliptic-parabolic (that is degenerated parabolic) equations in unbounded domains with respect to the spatial variables were studied by many authors. It is well known that in order to guarantee the uniqueness of the solution of the initial-boundary value problems for linear and some nonlinear parabolic and elliptic-parabolic equations in unbounded domains we need some restrictions on behavior of solution as $|x|\to +\infty$ (for example, growth restriction of solution as $|x|\to +\infty$, or the solution to belong to some functional spaces).Note, that we need some restrictions on the data-in behavior as$|x|\to +\infty$ for the initial-boundary value problemsfor equations considered above to be solvable.

However, there are nonlinear parabolic equations for whichthe corresponding initial-boundary value problems are uniquely solvable withoutany conditions at infinity.

We prove the unique solvability of the initial-boundary value problemwithout conditions at infinity for some of the higher-orders anisotropic parabolic equationswith variable exponents of the nonlinearity. A priori estimate of the weak solutionsof this problem was also obtained. As far as we know, the initial-boundary value problem for the higher-orders anisotropic elliptic-parabolic equations with variable exponents of nonlinearity in unbounded domains were not considered before.
Kontribusi Penelitian Universitas terhadap Pendapatan Industri: Bukti Empiris dari Top University di Indonesia
Authors: Kohardinata Cliff , Widianingsih Luky Patricia , Guterres Alexandre Desousa
Published: March 2023

Competition does not only occur in the business world, but universities also must compete against competition from both domestic and foreign universities. One important indicator for university ranking is industry revenue which reflects commercial value and strengthens university-industry collaboration. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of teaching, research, and citations on industrial income. This study uses a multiple linear regression approach, using data from The Times Higher Education World University Ranking from 2019-2023 to get a sample of universities in Indonesia which are included in it. The results showed that teaching had no significant effect on industrial income, research had a significant positive effect on industrial income, and citations had a significant negative effect on industrial income.
Panitia Kegiatan Diseminasi Informasi Kesehatan I FKM Undana
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Seminar Tahunan FKM Undana 2018
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Konferensi Nasional Promosi Kesehatan ke 7
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Rektor No. 1609 Tahun 2015
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Comedy and philosophy. Before the Internet : ‘trolling’ during the age of Plato and Diogenes.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: March 2023

"Socrates, who had listened so far, brings up the figure of Polydamus, apancratist i.e. an adherent of a school of fighting mixing boxing and wrestling.Is it justice to eat beef because Polydamus, the strong fighter, does? asksSocrates.This, comical, conclusion puts Thrasymachus in tatters and grief"
The Syahkuala International Conference in Medicine and Health Science
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK. Dekan No 36a Tahun 2018
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Dekan No. 31 Tahun 2018
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Dekan No. 09 Tahun 2018
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Sekretaris sub bidang penelitian Pengurus Daerah Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Periode 2022 – 2025
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Peserta Seminar The 1st International Conference on Safety and Public Health 2020 ("Global Collaboration for Safety and Public Health")
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
To Dox or Not to Dox, that is The Question.
Authors: Tan Albert
Published: March 2023

The pernicious practice of doxing, also known as doxxing, is a matter of utmost concern that demands serious and comprehensive attention. At its core, doxing represents a serious violation of the fundamental right to privacy and security, as it involves the unauthorized and often malicious publication of personal or confidential information pertaining to an individual or organization, with the intent of causing harm, intimidation, or harassment.The practice of doxing can take many forms and can involve the public disclosure of various types of personal information, including a person's full name, physical address, email address, phone number, social security number, financial records, and other sensitive data. The motives for doxing can be diverse, ranging from revenge, political or ideological disagreements, trolling, or simply a desire to inflict harm on another individual or group.However, the consequences of doxing can be severe and far-reaching, particularly in an age where the vast majority of our personal information is stored and shared online. Doxing can lead to identity theft, stalking, blackmail, harassment, and physical harm, as well as severe psychological distress and trauma. Furthermore, the dissemination of such personal information can have lasting effects on an individual's reputation, social standing, and economic well-being, potentially resulting in the loss of employment, damaged relationships, and other life-altering outcomes.In light of these grave concerns, it is no wonder that doxing has become an increasingly salient issue for lawmakers and policymakers across the world, who have sought to develop legal frameworks to combat this destructive practice. In many jurisdictions doxing can be punishable under a variety of national, federal and state laws, including those that prohibit cyberstalking, identity theft, harassment, and online fraud.The ramifications of doxing extend beyond the legal realm, however, and implicate deeper societal and ethical questions regarding the nature of privacy, free speech, and human dignity. The right to privacy, enshrined in many legal codes and international human rights instruments, has long been recognized as a crucial component of individual liberty and autonomy. The publication of private information, without the consent of the person in question, represents a flagrant violation of this right, and undermines the social and legal norms that promote trust, respect, and civility.
The Change Makers: How Three Universities Are Helping Underrepresented Engineering Students Succeed at Higher Rates
Authors: Gobstein Howard , Gooding Geraldine E. , Deleeuw Sarah , Skipper Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

The Change Makers: How Three Universities Are Helping Underrepresented Engineering Students Succeed at Higher Rates is a small pilot analysis around a key question: Can we identify specific equity-focused policies and practices to explain variation among institutions in undergraduate engineering degrees awarded to URG students? In short, no—despite the establishment of new equity-focused programs, we cannot discern their specific effects on URG students’ success, and thus we cannot account for the variation among institutions based on their specific mix of programs. Thus, in terms of the scientific merit of this study, we found that, in general, institutions do not have disaggregated data on the effects of individual programs on overall graduation rates. This study jointly undertaken by APLU and ASEE describes several notable programs as overall student success has been increasing in each of these three institutions.
Pelatihan Permodelan Struktural Dalam Ilmu Kesehatan
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
A novel fluoro-electrochemical technique for classifying diverse marine nanophytoplankton
Authors: Barton Samuel , Yang Minjun , Chen Haotian , Batchelor-McAuley Christopher , Compton Richard , Bouman Heather , Rickaby Rosalind
Published: March 2023

To broaden our understanding of pelagic ecosystem responses to environmental change, it is essential that we improve the spatio-temporal resolution of in situ monitoring of phytoplankton communities. A key challenge for existing methods is in classifying and quantifying cells within the nanophytoplankton size range (2-20µm). This is particularly difficult when there are similarities in morphology, making visual differentiation difficult for both trained taxonomists and machine learning based approaches. Here we present a rapid fluoro-electrochemical technique for classifying nanophytoplankton, and using a library of 52 diverse strains of nanophytoplankton we assess the accuracy of this technique based on two measurements at the individual level: charge required to reduce per cell chlorophyll a fluorescence by 50%, and cell radius. We demonstrate a high degree of accuracy overall (92%) in categorising cells belonging to widely recognised key functional groups, however this is reduced when we consider the broader diversity of “nano-phytoflagellates”. Notably, we observe that some groups, for example calcifying Isochrysidales, have much greater resilience to electrochemically driven oxidative conditions relative to others of a similar size, making them more easily categorised by the technique. The findings of this study present a promising step forward in advancing our toolkit for monitoring phytoplankton communities. We highlight that, for improved categorisation accuracy, future iterations of the method can be enhanced by measuring additional predictor variables with minimal adjustments to the set-up. In doing so, we foresee this technique being highly applicable, and potentially invaluable, for in situ classification and enumeration of the nanophytoplankton size fraction.
Health and social care professionals' experience of psychological safety within their occupational setting: a systematic thematic synthesis protocol
Authors: Hoegh Josephine , Rice Gemma , Shetty Shruti , Ure Aoife , Cogan Nicola , Peddie Nicola
Published: March 2023

Background: Psychological safety (PS) is commonly referred to within the organisational context. However, PS is also essential to mental health, wellbeing, and post-traumatic growth. Health and social care workers often work in stressful, challenging environments, and as a result, they may experience compounding stress, jeopardising their sense of safety. Consequently, individuals may experience burnout, which further impacts the care individuals receive, emphasising the importance of PS within the health and social care environments. This review will identify and outline health and social care professional’s experiences of psychological safety within the workplace. Consequently, emphasising the importance of PS for organisational and individual development to health and social care organisations.Method and analysis: The inclusion criteria include studies where health- or social care professionals discuss their experience of individual or group psychological safety in their occupational setting. Related concepts, such as social engagement, will also be included. English-written studies of qualitative designs will be included. The exclusion criteria are studies not including primary, qualitative data, and posters. Studies which have not been published in English; and studies published before the year 1995—participants who are not professionals within the health and social care occupation. The following databases will be searched for qualitative studies from 1995 to 2023: CINAHL, PsychInfo and Web of Science. A thematic synthesis of findings will be presented. Line-by-line coding of the primary research will occur; the organisation of the coding will be given descriptive themes, and analytical themes will be developed.
Valuing Less. Investigating Meaning, Intrinsic Motivation and Wellbeing in Sufficiency Behaviour
Authors: Hüppauff Tilmann Levi , Hunecke Marcel , Richter Nadine
Published: March 2023

To enable human living within planetary boundaries is among the biggest challenges of our time. In this context the question emerges how consuming less can go along with subjective wellbeing. Analysing meaning construction of pro-environmental behaviour might offer insights regarding this relationship. Based on the hierarchical model of meaning the current study aimed to investigate meaning construction of behaviours that mitigate resource consumption which we call sufficiency behaviour. Therefore, we analyzed survey data with N = 544 participants. Path-analysis revealed intrinsic motivation for repairing, curtailment and sharing to be related to hedonic wellbeing and behaviour frequency mediated by ascribed behavioural meaning. Intrinsic motivation did partially regress on altruistic and biospheric values. We found no significant relationship between sufficiency behaviour and life satisfaction or presence of meaning in life. We conclude that finding meaning in behaviour is important for behaviour frequency as well as experienced behavioural wellbeing. Choosing alternatives to buying new products seems to be perceived as meaningful when it is intrinsically motivated. Biospheric and altruistic values might constitute sources for the intrinsic motivation to develop. Taken together, these results illustrate how less consumption might positively connect to wellbeing. Future research should explore ways how meaningfulness of sufficiency behaviour can be fostered.
Responsible research assessment in the area of methodological or quantitative research: A comment on Gärtner et al. (2022)
Authors: Brandt Holger , Henninger Mirka , Ulitzsch Esther , Kleinke Kristian , Schäfer Thomas
Published: March 2023

In this commentary, we discuss the proposed criteria in Gärtner et al. (2022) for hiring or promoting quantitative methods researchers. We argue that the criteria do not reflect aspects that are relevant to methods researchers and typical publications they produce. We introduce a new set of criteria that can be used to evaluate the performance of methods researchers in a more valid fashion. We discuss the necessity to balance scientific expertise and open science commitment in such ranking schemes.
Peace in other primates
Authors: Grüning David Joachim , Krueger Joachim Israel
Published: March 2023

We elaborate on Glowacki’s (2022) claim that humans are most capable of establishing peace compared to other mammals. We present three aspects suggesting caution. First, the social capabilities of non-human primates should not be underestimated. Second, the effect of these capabilities on peace establishment is non-monotonous. Third, defining peace by human-centerd values introduces a fallacy.
Controlling Tobacco Diseases: An Overview of Black Shank and Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Pandey Roman
Published: March 2023

Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, and Fusarium wilt, caused by the Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. nicotianae, are major diseases affecting tobacco crops globally. Phytophthora nicotianae is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions and infects tobacco plants by producing zoospores that swim to root tissue and form cysts. Symptoms of black shank include root and crown rot, wilting, leaf chlorosis, stem lesions, and pith necrosis. Management strategies for black shank include cultural practices, chemical treatments, and host resistance. Chemical fungicides, such as metalaxyl or mefenoxam, oxathiapiprolin, and fluopicolide, can be used but there is a risk of fungicide resistance. Fusarium wilt is characterized by yellowing, drying, and death of leaves, leading to the death of the entire plant. Control measures for Fusarium wilt include plant resistance, cleanliness, crop rotation, nutrition, nematode management, and fumigation or biofumigation. The most successful control of Fusarium wilt has been through the use of resistant tobacco cultivars. The impact of rotation crops and resistant plants on the pathogen populations in the soil must be evaluated and soil pH and calcium levels may also impact the disease. The presence of the fungus in a field can last for several years without a vulnerable host.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 11(1): 1-7.
Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Jha Ayush , Singh Basukala Manisha , Shrestha Rima , Dawadi Roji
Published: March 2023

Background: Psoriasis is an immune mediated inflammatory disease that involves the innate and acquired arm of immunologic system. The regulatory role for vitamin D in immune system is suggested by presence of vitamin D receptors on activated lymphocytes and suppressive or inhibiting effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in different  autoimmune diseases. Hence, the current proposed study aims to study the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of patients with psoriasis.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis in comparison to healthy control subjects.

Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study, including forty patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and forty age- and sex-matched control subjects, was conducted from April 2021 to December 2022, at our dermatology department. After informed consent, all patients were subjected to detailed clinical and anthropometric examination. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was evaluated in chronic plaque psoriasis cases and healthy control subjects. Data was be analyzed as per standard statistical protocol.

Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in psoriatic group and control group were 18.02 (±SD 9.82) ng/ml and 24.47 (±SD 6.77) ng/ml, respectively. (p=.001) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was negatively correlated with Psoriatic area and severity index (PASI) score (r=-.11). However, this correlation was not significant (p=.493).

Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in psoriatic patients than in control subjects.
Some Measures of Core Inflation and Their Evaluations in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prakash Kumar
Published: March 2023

This paper measures core inflation and evaluates their performance in Nepal. Concept of core inflation and survey of methodologies as well as international experiences and empirical evidence have been reviewed and analysed before measuring the core inflation in Nepal. An existence of asymmetric price distribution necessitates the alternative measure of inflation in place of traditional CPI-based headline inflation. Ultimately, by using exclusion method and stochastic measures, nine different types of core inflations have been computed. Empirical results show that core inflations perform better than the headline inflation in several aspects such as having less volatility, highly relating to money supply growth, and capturing the permanent component of headline inflation. Better core inflation is selected with the help of different performance criteria such as observing statistical properties, tracking trend inflation, finding the relationship with money supply, and the analysing the ability of capturing permanent component and forecasting capacity. However, no single core measure performs better in all aspects. Hence, a set of core inflation measures, namely exclusion based, weighted median and trimmed mean should be analysed in conducting the monetary policy in Nepal.
Enhancing FDI Flows to Nepal during the Period of Post-conflict Transition and Global Recession
Authors: Pant Bhubanesh
Published: March 2023

FDI is much sought after in conflict-stricken countries such as Nepal as it can play a crucial role in the development process. However, the process of attracting and promoting FDI is complex, in particular as most developing countries, including Nepal, are competing for similar types of FDI. Although a number of efforts have been made in the past to boost FDI flows to the country, they have not had any striking impact. The country has not been able to draw on the potential technological and other contributions that FDI can make to the process of development. This underlines the need for effective policy interventions with a view to maximizing the benefits of FDI for Nepal's development in an open environment. Nepal also needs policy framework to enhance national and regional infrastructure, in areas such as transport, energy and communications services, and to generate domestic employment and skills transfer. The main policy conclusion that can be drawn from this paper is that the economic benefits of FDI are real, but they do not accrue automatically. To reap the maximum benefits, a healthy enabling environment for business is paramount, which encourages domestic as well as foreign investment, provides incentives for innovation and improvements of skills and contributes to a competitive investment climate.
Potential Output and Output Gap in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Pitambar
Published: March 2023

The potential output and output gap are key variables in identifying the scope for sustainable noninflationary growth and assessment of the stance of macroeconomic policies. This paper estimates potential output and the output gap in Nepal by different methodologies. The different methodologies produce similar results followed by analysis and observations. The results show that the output gaps were within relatively narrower band since 1990s. The results also reveal some sign of overheating in recent years. The results from production function approach indicate that total factor productivity is declining continuously in the last decade limiting the scope for demand management policies to attain high and sustainable economic growth.
Demand for Money in Nepal: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach
Authors: Budha Birendra Bahadur
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the demand for money in Nepal using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach for the period of 1975-2011.The results based on the bounds testing procedure reveal that there exist the cointegration among the real money aggregates (Mr1 and Mr2 ), real income, inflation and interest rate. The real income elasticity coefficient is found to be positive and the inflation coefficient is negative. The interest rate coefficient is negative for both of the real monetary aggregates supporting the theoretical explanation. In addition, the error correction models suggest that the deviations from the long-run equilibrium are short-lived in Mr1 than Mr2 . Finally, the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests reveal that the Mr1 money demand function is stable, but Mr2 money demand function is not stable implying that the monetary policy should pay more attention to Mr1 than Mr2 .
The Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy in Nepal: Evidence from Bank Level Data
Authors: Budha Birendra Bahadur
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the bank lending channel of monetary policy transmission in Nepal using data during 2003-2012. Using the dynamic Arellano-Bond GMM estimation with annual data of 25 Nepalese commercial banks, this study tries to estimate the loan supply responses of Nepalese commercial banks, depending on their balance sheet characteristics. The main results suggest that banks play a role in Nepal's monetary transmission mechanism. Empirical result shows that the bank lending decreases after a monetary tightening. Bank size is found to have significant impact on loan supply in Nepal. Similarly, liquidity in the case of private sector banks is also playing a significant role in bank lending in response to monetary policy changes. But, capitalization is found to have no significant impact on bank lending. The bank loan supply is also found to be significantly affected by gross domestic product.
Managerial Entrenchment and Capital Structure Decision: A Case of Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Post Raj
Published: March 2023

This paper tests the influence of managerial entrenchment and capital structure decisions using Nepalese firms' data and executives view. A majority of earlier studies show that firm leverage is negatively associated with the degree of entrenchment of managers. This study examines whether or not this is consistent in the context of Nepal. The data were taken from top listed companies on NEPSE, pharmaceuticals companies registered in Department of Drug Administration and other non-listed companies. To achieve the objective of the study, a descriptive and causal comparative research design has been administered. The managerial entrenchment index has been calculated using Principal Component Analysis. The major finding of the study shows that the managerial entrenchment increases as the percentage of CEO ownership rises. There exists positive association of managerial entrenchment and CEO percent ownership which suggests that increase in equity holding by CEO or top executives leads to lower shareholder rights or higher managerial entrenchment.
Determinants of Stock Market Performance in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prakash Kumar , Subedi Biggyan Raj
Published: March 2023

This paper empirically examines the determinants of the stock market performance in Nepal using monthly data for the period of mid-August 2000 to mid-July 2014. The impact of major changes in politics and Nepal Rastra Bank’s policy on lending against share collateral has also been assessed. Empirical results obtained from OLS estimations of behavioural equations reveal that the performance of stock market is found to respond positively to inflation and broad money growth, and negatively to interest rate. This suggests that, in Nepal, share investors seem to take equity as a hedge against inflation and consider stock as an alternative financial instrument. Further, availability of liquidity and the low interest rates stimulate the performance of the Nepalese stock market. More importantly, stock market has been found to respond significantly to changes in political environment and the policy of Nepal Rastra Bank. These findings help to design policies to stabilize or stimulate the share market in Nepal.
Role of Financial Development in Economic Growth of Nepal: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Gautam Bishnu Prasad
Published: March 2023

Economic growth and financial development are closely related. The interaction between them is crucial and has attracted great attention of researchers. This study attempts to examine the relationship between economic growth and financial development in Nepal between 1975 and 2012. The paper has used Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Philips-Perron tests to test for the existence of unit root, Co-integration test to examine long run relationship and Granger Causality test to find out causal relationship. In addition, vector error correction method has been applied to find out the speed of adjustment and the dynamics of relationship. The empirical evidence confirms that the financial development causes economic growth. In fact, financial development is the cause for economic growth in terms of short-term dynamics, while economic growth sustains financial development in the long-run. Based on the empirical findings, this study recommends that it is necessary to launch the reform programs in the financial system to consolidate and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the financial system as well as to cope with the emerging changes. Thus, it asks for the consolidation of the system not only for the positive reinforcement between economic growth and financial development but also for the post crisis resilience and sustainability.
Financial Inclusion in Nepal: Policy Review and Prescriptions
Authors: Pant Bhubanesh
Published: March 2023

With financial inclusion playing a vital role in reducing poverty and income disparity, it is emerging as a top priority for policymakers and regulators. A large number of countries have introduced comprehensive measures to improve access to and usage of tailored financial services. Greater financial inclusion is achieved when all economic activities and segments of the society have access to financial services with ease and at minimum cost. In the case of Nepal, though the need for financial inclusion by encompassing more and more of the excluded population by the formal financial system has been regularly emphasized in the country’s policy framework, a large section of population still remains outside the formal financial system. This paper, after assessing some relevant data on financial inclusion, reviews the policy measures implemented for enhancing it. The majority of the measures could not be executed to the degree desired due to problems of low financial literacy, paucity of infrastructural facilities as well as inadequate technology-based facilities, among others. Against this perspective, this study seeks to provide some prescriptions for enhancing financial inclusion in the country. These include, among others, promotion of financial literacy programs, launching of digital financial services, formulation of National Financial Inclusion Strategy, implementation of a Financial Inclusion Roadmap and according special role to microfinance institutions.
Stock Market Efficiency in Nepal: A Variance Ratio Test
Authors: Dangol Jeetendra
Published: March 2023

The paper examines random-walk behaviour and weak-form market efficiency on daily and weekly market returns of All Share Price Index and nine sectoral indices in the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) using Lo and MacKinlay (1988) variance-ratio tests and corrected data as suggested by Miller et al. (1994). The study finds that the random-walk hypothesis is strongly rejected for weekly indices of the observed and corrected returns. It shows that market participants have opportunities to predict future price and earn abnormal returns from the Nepalese stock market. Whereas, overall and development banking sectors support the random-walk hypothesis in daily observed and corrected returns. It indicates that technical analysis may not be fruitful to earn excess returns in overall and development banking sectors.
Relationship between Financial Literacy and Behavior of Small Borrowers
Authors: Chaulagain Ramesh Prasad
Published: March 2023

Financial literacy is an emerging and common concept both of education and finance. In general, the concept is important for every ones who has to manage the money; the concept plays vital role for low income people and small borrowers in particular. The small borrowers are those who borrow a limited amount of money from the licensed financial institutions. The borrowers are small on the basis of their credit limits determined by Nepal Rastra Bank. In this study, financial literacy, as one of the significant factors to determine the financial behavior of small borrowers, was measured to establish the relationship to each other. In this paper, the level of financial literacy of small borrowers was compared with their financial attitude and behavior, for which data were collected from survey of small borrowers of two cooperatives licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank. Chi-square test was applied to test the hypothesis that showed the relationship between these selected variables. The analysis showed that the relationship of financial literacy of small borrowers was significant with their financial attitude and behavior. Hence, we argue that that there is a need of a systematic enhancement of financial literacy of the small borrowers to change their attitude and thereby the financial behavior.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN AKTIVATOR MOL DARI SAMPAH SAYUR KOL DAN EM4 PADA PENGOMPOSAN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L) DENGAN METODE SEMI ANAEROB
Authors: Marjenah Marjenah , Prawiguna Erik
Published: March 2023

Sampah yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dan berdampak kepada kesehatan masyarakat. Tumpukan sampah yang berasal dari sisa buah-buahan dan/atau sayuran  jarang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, karena sudah tidak layak untuk makanan ternak. Biasanya sampah sayuran hanya dibiarkan saja, sehingga menimbulkan aroma  yang kurang sedap bagi kebersihan lingkungan  dan dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan efektivitas penggunaan MOL dari sampah sayur kol dan EM4 sebagai aktivator pada pengomposan kirinyuh. Pada pembuatan kompos memanfaatkan sayur kol sebagai sumber MOL dari sisa kegiatan sehari-sehari manusia yang kurang bermanfaat dan mengetahui kandungan hara yang terkandung di dalam kompos kirinyuh serta mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan aktivator MOL dan EM4 pada proses pengomposan kirinyuh. Informasi dari MOL serta kandungan hara kirinyuh diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak-pihak yang memerlukan dengan pengolahan yang profesional agar sampah organik serta gulma bisa diolah dan menghasilkan sesuatu yang berguna dan mempunyai nilai ekonomis. Proses pengomposan dengan aktivator EM4 menghasilkan kompos sebanyak 41 kg (58,57%) dan pengomposan dengan aktivator MOL menghasilkan kompos sebanyak 45 kg (64,28%) dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi warna, bau, suhu, pH, kadar unsur hara N, P, K, Mg dan kadar C-organik. Hasil analisis kualitas kompos kirinyuh dengan metode semi anaerob menggunakan aktivator EM4 dan aktivator MOL memenuhi standard SNI 19-7030-2004 yaitu bertekstur halus, berwarna cokelat kehitam-hitaman dan berbau tanah.
EVALUASI DAN ARAHAN PEMANFAATAN LAHAN SUB DAS OLONJONGE KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI
Authors: Hamka Hamka , Hapid Abdul , Pribadi Hendra
Published: March 2023

Pengelolaan sumberdaya alam akan memberikan manfaat dimasa yang akan datang, maka perlu dikelola dengan baik sehingga fungsinya dapat terpelihara sepanjang masa. Salah satu sumberdaya alam yang harus mendapatkan perhatian lebih adalah Daerah Aliran Sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui arahan pemanfaatan lahan Sub DAS Olonjonge dan kesesuaian penggunaan lahan aktual terhadap arahan pemanfaatan yang dibuat.. Hasil overlay peta jenis tanah, lereng dan intensitas hujan di dapat arahan pemanfaatan lahan yaitu Kawasan Lindung seluas 2.026,40 Ha, Kawasan Penyangga seluas 615,51 Ha, Kawasan Budidaya Tahunan seluas 235,63 Ha, Kawasan Budidaya Semusim seluas 515,08 Ha. Evaluasi pemanfaatan lahan pada Kawasan lindung yang sesuai adalah hutan seluas 2010,73 Ha atau 99,23%, tidak sesuai kebun coklat seluas 15,67 ha atau 0,77 %, Kawasan penyangga penggunaan lahan yang sesuai adalah hutan seluas 220,06 Ha atau 35,75 %, tidak sesuai kebun coklat seluas 394,08 Ha atau 64,03 %, dan kebun campuran sesuai bersyarat yang seluas 1,37 Ha. Kawasan budidaya tahunan penggunaan lahan aktual yang ditemui adalah kebun coklat seluas 135, 10 Ha (sesuai) dan kebun campuran seluas 100,53 Ha (S), Kawasan budidaya  semusim penggunaan lahan yang sesuai  adalah permukiman seluas 29,63 Ha, kebun campuran seluas 421,68 Ha, kebun coklat seluas 33,93 Ha, sawah seluas 18,21, hutan seluas 11,62 Ha.
Determinants of FinTech and Internet of Things for Technological Disruption: A New-Age Sustainable and Comprehensive Outlook
Authors: Gujral Rajat Kumar
Published: March 2023

Financial institutions work very diligently to make finance smarter in the present global trend to reap the rewards of digitization. Financial technology (FinTech) uses various modern disruptive technologies to improve client services, including AI-ML-DL, 5G, Big Data, Cloud, Blockchain, Metaverse, and IoT. Many critical financial assistance and procedures, including lending, verification, fraud finding, and credit scoring, will be streamlined and improved by the advent of technology. Yet, there is a need to develop innovative financial products and a supportive technological environment. To introduce new-age ICT solutions, various tech giants have emphasized FinTech. Financial institutions, including insurance, brokers, online traders, banks, etc., must now shift concerning data-driven expertise because FinTech services primarily rely on data. Also, to provide financial stability, FinTech can be used for ubiquitousness, safety, and rigorous regulations. The paper aims to enunciate emerging trends and key FinTech applications that would disrupt the near future. For some use cases, we also try to present a high-level framework of the FinTech determinants and IoT. The paper is the first attempt to outline future ways for FinTech to investigate while looking upfront at potential difficulties.
“Rights Talk,” Abortion, and the Media: Tracking the Evolution of Abortion Discourse in Saskatchewan Newspapers
Authors: Burningham Sarah , James Susan
Published: March 2023

This article provides empirical data on the public discourse surrounding abortion in Saskatchewan. Through an analysis of newspaper articles from two time periods—the dawn of the Charter era and three decades after Morgentaler—this article considers how abortion is framed in these accounts and whether, when “rights” terminology is employed, rights are presented as absolute or limited. This article adds to the empirical body of work documenting the presence of “rights talk” in Canada and the literature on the media’s framing of abortion.
VIRTUAL ASSETS AND DIGITAL CONTENT AS AN OBJECT OF CIVIL LAW
Authors: Tetiana Fedorenko  , Serhii Sadkovskyi
Published: March 2023

This article summarizes the concept of "virtual assets" in the global context. It is noted that the formation of the virtual asset market in Ukraine began with the popularization of cryptocurrencies in 2013. It was determined that the potential of Ukraine, as one of the leading countries in the field of virtual assets, is huge. Two draft laws submitted to the Verkhovna Rada were analyzed, according to which virtual assets and digital content belong to the objects of civil law and are subject to the regulations of the Civil Code. It is noted that on December 17, 2022, draft Law No. 6447 was registered in the Verkhovna Rada. This draft law provides for amendments to be made to the Civil Code, in particular, Articles 115, 177, 179, which define, among other objects of civil rights, digital things, their essence as subject of the digital environment, which is in circulation only in digital form, and in respect of which civil rights and obligations may arise, as well as the circle of digital things, which are virtual assets, is outlined. It is characterized that the provisions of the related draft law No. 6576 define the sphere of civil legal relations, distinguish subjective and objective criteria for compliance of digital content (services) with the terms of the concluded contract, establish the legal consequences of non-provision of digital content (services) under the contract, as well as non-compliance of content (services).
Teaching-learning-based optimization of unbraced steel frames with semi-rigid connections and column bases
Authors: Prakash Jay , T. Daloglu Ayşe
Published: March 2023

The teaching-learning optimization (TLBO) technique is applied to unbraced steel frames with semi-rigid beam-to-column connections and semi-rigid column-to-base connections. The algorithm for design produces optimized steel frames by choosing appropriate sections from a set of standard steel sections. These standard steel sections, including wide-flange profiles (W), are provided by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). The first example is subjected to the displacement, inter-story drift, and stress constraints of AISC-Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) regulations. In addition, the displacement and stress limitations of the AISC-Allowable Stress Design (ASD) standard and the geometric (size) requirements are implemented in the last two examples. In finite element analysis, optimal designs of three alternative unbraced frames are performed with and without semi-rigid beam-to-column and column-to-base plate connections. All optimization techniques are encoded in the high-level programming language C# version 17.4.4 to integrate with SAP2000 version 22's Open Application Programming Interface (OAPI). The analysis results indicate that the rigidity of connections is determining parameter in the weight optimization of unbraced steel frames.
Efficiency of shear studs manufactured from threaded bars on the punching behavior of flat slabs
Authors: Saatci Selcuk , Yasayanlar Yonca
Published: March 2023

Punching resistance in flat slab systems in reinforced concrete structures is often provided with drop panels or shear reinforcement around columns. Shear studs are effectively used in these structures as shear reinforcement. However, factory-made shear studs may not be available in all locations and small quantities for small projects. Therefore, cheap shear studs that can be manufactured from widely available materials in small quantities can be very useful in certain cases. In this study, shear studs manufactured from threaded bars, widely available in hardware stores, are used for providing punching resistance to flat slabs. Stud heads were formed with T-section nuts. Four slab specimens, two with shear studs and two without, were cast and tested under concentrated loads at their mid-point. The slabs had 2150×2150×150 mm dimensions and they were cast with two different longitudinal reinforcement ratios. Test results showed that manufactured shear studs significantly increased the load and deformation capacities of the slabs. Slabs with shear studs were able to show up to three times higher bending deformations and they were able to sustain up to 50% higher loads. The study has shown that these studs can be effectively used for punching strengthening purposes in flat plate systems or in other cases where punching resistance is needed.
Innovations in Russian Education
Authors: Volkovitskaia Galina Andreevna
Published: March 2023

The chapter is devoted to the analysis of modern education system's ability to withstand the challenges in a situation of risk and instability. The author analyzes the problem situations that the education system may face, examines the specifics of entrepreneurial education and evaluates its capabilities in terms of finding the relative stability of a specialist in the labor market, as well as reveals the main current trends in the education system.