bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and glycemic outcomes of do-it-yourself AndroidAPS hybrid closed-loop system in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gawrecki Andrzej , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota , Michalak Magdalena A. , Adamska Anna , Michalak Michal , Frackowiak Urszula , Flotynska Justyna , Pietrzak Monika , Czapla Szymon , Gehr Bernhard , Araszkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to assess the safety and glycemic outcomes with the use of a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Hybrid Closed-Loop (HCL) system based on the AndroidAPS application in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

Single-center clinical trial, with 3-week run-in and 12-week study period. DIY HCL system consisted of the Dana Diabecare RS insulin pump, Dexcom G5 continuous glucose monitoring system and AndroidAPS application. Primary outcome was safety: incidences of severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, time spent in glycemia <54 mg/dl. Secondary endpoints included percentage of time in range (TIR) 70–180 mg/dl, time below 70 mg/dl, HbA1c, insulin requirements, and body weight.

Results

In total 12 subjects (5 men, 7 women) were enrolled, mean age 31.3±6.7, 95%CI(27.7–34.9) years, mean diabetes duration 16.1±5.7, 95%CI(13.0–19.2) years. No episodes of severe hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis were observed. Percentage of time spent in glycemia below 54mg/dl was not increased. Average sensor glycemia was lower in the study period than baseline (141.1 ± 8.4, 95%CI(136.3–145.9) vs. 153.3 ± 17.9, 95%CI(143.2–163.4), mg/dl p<0.001). TIR 70–180 mg/dl was improved by 11.3%, 95%CI(2.8%-19.8%) (from 68.0 ± 12.7 to 79.3 ± 6.4%, p<0.001), without increasing hypoglycemia time. The HbA1c level decreased by -0.5%, 95%CI(-0.9%–-0.1%) (from 6.8 ± 0.5 to 6.3 ± 0.4%, p<0.001). Additionally, in the last 4 weeks of the study period participants significantly improved and showed TIR 70–180 mg/dl 82.1 ± 5.6%, 95%CI(78.9–85.3), time <54 mg/dl 0.30 (0.20–0.55)%, median 95%CI(0.1–0.7) and <70 mg/dl 1.90 (1.10–3.05)%, median 95%CI(0.7–3.2). The insulin requirement and body weight did not change in the study.

Conclusions

The study revealed safety of the Do-It-Yourself HCL system AndroidAPS in adults with T1D, limited to well-controlled, highly selected and closely monitored patients. The use of AndroidAPS significantly improved HbA1c, time in range and average sensor glycemia without increasing hypoglycemia. As both patients and their medical team are gaining experience using the system over time, they improve glycemic control.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register: no. DRKS00015439; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00015439.
Impact of different heat wave definitions on daily mortality in Bandafassi, Senegal
Authors: Faye Mbaye , Dème Abdoulaye , Diongue Abdou Kâ , Diouf Ibrahima
Published: April 2021

Objective

The aim of this study is to find the most suitable heat wave definition among 15 different ones and to evaluate its impact on total, age-, and gender-specific mortality for Bandafassi, Senegal.

Methods

Daily weather station data were obtained from Kedougou situated at 17 km from Bandafassi from 1973 to 2012. Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) are used to investigate the effect of heat wave on mortality and to evaluate the nonlinear association of heat wave definitions at different lag days, respectively.

Results

Heat wave definitions, based on three or more consecutive days with both daily minimum and maximum temperatures greater than the 90thpercentile, provided the best model fit. A statistically significant increase in the relative risk (RRs 1.4 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.2–1.6), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.5–1.9), 1.21 (95% CI: 1.08–1.3), 1.2 (95% CI: 1.04–1.5), 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8), 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2–1.5), 1.5 (95% CI: 1.07–1.6), and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8)) of total mortality was observed for eight definitions. By using the definition based on the 90thpercentile of minimum and maximum temperature with a 3-day duration, we also found that females and people aged ≥ 55 years old were at higher risks than males and other different age groups to heat wave related mortality.

Conclusion

The impact of heat waves was associated with total-, age-, gender-mortality. These results are expected to be useful for decision makers who conceive of public health policies in Senegal and elsewhere. Climate parameters, including temperatures and humidity, could be used to forecast heat wave risks as an early warning system in the area where we conduct this research. More broadly, our findings should be highly beneficial to climate services, researchers, clinicians, end-users and decision-makers.
The Mentalized Affectivity Scale (MAS): Development and validation of the Italian version
Authors: Rinaldi Teresa , Castelli Ilaria , Greco Andrea , Greenberg David M. , Jurist Elliot , Valle Annalisa , Marchetti Antonella
Published: April 2021

This study proposes a psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Mentalized Affectivity Scale (MAS) developed by Greenberg and colleagues in 2017. The mentalized affectivity construct integrates mentalization ability in the process of emotional regulation. An adult sample (N = 506) completed the 60-items MAS online version. In contrast to the three-factor structure of the original version, the Italian context confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses with splitted sample (CFA = 258; EFA = 248) revealed a five-factor structure. The hierarchically structured MAS factors are: Emotional Processing (being able to process emotion in situations); Expressing Emotions (talking and knowing emotions); Identifying Emotions (awareness of emotions); Control Processing (to control emotional reactions and expression), and Autobiographical Memory (related to childhood experiences). We also verified the convergent validity and reliability of the Italian version of the MAS by correlating the above five factors with measures of emotion regulation and reflective functioning. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships among the factors of the MAS, personality measures and well-being indexes, such as life satisfaction and self-efficacy: The new 35-item MAS scale showed robust correlations with all the tested constructs. Our results confirm that the MAS is a useful measure to assess mentalized affectivity, with the Italian version showing a more complex structure than the original English one, thus enriching the literature about mentalization.
Spatial and temporal distribution of Culicoides species in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia between 1990 and 2018
Authors: Lakew Biniam T. , Nicholas Adrian H. , Walkden-Brown Stephen W.
Published: April 2021

Culicoides are one of the smallest hematophagous flies measuring 1–5 mm in size with only females seeking blood for egg development. The present study investigated spatio-temporal distribution of Culicoides species trapped between 1990 and 2018 at 13 sites in the New England region of NSW, Australia using automated light traps. Trapping locations were divided into three subregions (tablelands, slopes and plains). Nineteen Culicoides species were identified. Culicoides marksi and C. austropalpalis were the most abundant and widespread species. Culicoides brevitarsis, the principal vector of livestock diseases in New South Wales comprised 2.9% of the total catch and was detected in 12 of the 13 locations in the study. Abundance as determined by Log10 Culicoides count per trapping event for the eight most abundant species did not vary significantly with season but trended towards higher counts in summer for C. marksi (P = 0.09) and C. austropalpalis (P = 0.05). Significant geographic variation in abundance was observed for C. marksi, C. austropalpalis and C. dycei with counts decreasing with increasing altitude from the plains to the slopes and tablelands. Culicoides victoriae exhibited the reverse trend in abundance (P = 0.08). Greater abundance during the warmer seasons and at lower altitudes for C. marksi and C. austropalpalis was indicative of temperature and rainfall dependence in this region with moderate summer dominance in rainfall. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of species was higher on the tablelands (H = 1.59) than the slopes (H = 1.33) and plains (H = 1.08) with evenness indices of 0.62, 0.46 and 0.39 respectively. Culicoides species on the tablelands were more diverse than on the slopes and plains where C. marksi and C. austropalpalis dominated. The temporal and spatial variation in abundance, diversity and evenness of species reported in this diverse region of Australia provides additional insight into Culicoides as pests and disease vectors and may contribute to future modelling studies.
Analysis on the imbalance of population flow network during the Spring Festival travel rush in China in 2015
Authors: Gao Yanpeng , Xu Xiaofei , Wei Ye
Published: April 2021

This paper analyzes the imbalance of interprovincial population flow during the Spring Festival travel rush in China, using big data obtained through Baidu Migration, in terms of population flow during the festival and the normalized unbalanced coefficients of edge and node method for analysis, from which the following findings emerge: (1). The imbalance in population flow network during the Spring Festival travel rush is significant, with unbalanced coefficients and relevant frequencies of the population flow network in the Eastern and Western Regions being significantly higher than in other regions. The unbalanced coefficients in the Central Region are lower, followed by corresponding frequencies, while the unbalanced coefficients in the Northeast Region are evenly distributed with the lowest frequencies. The population flow toward the West and Northwest are relatively concentrated, while the population flow toward the South and Southwest are relatively scattered. (2). The regional imbalance during the Spring Festival travel rush has characteristics of spatial agglomeration, where a strongly-connected Southeast Subsystem and a weakly-connected Western Subsystem are formed; there is a significant leverage effect in Guangdong Province, which greatly affects the regional imbalance. Three characteristics emerge in the distribution of regional population flow—the outflow, inflow, and outflow along the Eastern, Central and Western strips/lines, respectively. The paper emphasizes the importance of researching imbalance issues, clarifies the difference between the imbalance of the population flow network and the imbalance involved in previous population research fields, and discusses the Spring Festival Effect in terms of population flow and deficiencies in research.
Impact of qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative analyses of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnet resonance imaging on prostate cancer detection
Authors: Ziayee Farid , Ullrich Tim , Blondin Dirk , Irmer Hannes , Arsov Christian , Antoch Gerald , Quentin Michael , Schimmöller Lars
Published: April 2021

Dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (DCE) as an integral part of multiparametric prostate magnet resonance imaging (mpMRI) can be evaluated using qualitative, semi-quantitative, or quantitative assessment methods. Aim of this study is to analyze the clinical benefits of these evaluations of DCE regarding clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection and grading. 209 DCE data sets of 103 consecutive patients with mpMRI (T2, DWI, and DCE) and subsequent MRI-(in-bore)-biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Qualitative DCE evaluation according to PI-RADS v2.1, semi-quantitative (curve type; DCE score according to PI-RADS v1), and quantitative Tofts analyses (Ktrans, kep, and ve) as well as PI-RADS v1 and v2.1 overall classification of 209 lesions (92 PCa, 117 benign lesions) were performed. Of each DCE assessment method, cancer detection, discrimination of csPCa, and localization were assessed and compared to histopathology findings. All DCE analyses (p<0.01–0.05), except ve (p = 0.02), showed significantly different results for PCa and benign lesions in the peripheral zone (PZ) with area under the curve (AUC) values of up to 0.92 for PI-RADS v2.1 overall classification. In the transition zone (TZ) only the qualitative DCE evalulation within PI-RADS (v1 and v2.1) could distinguish between PCa and benign lesions (p<0.01; AUC = 0.95). None of the DCE parameters could differentiate csPCa from non-significant (ns) PCa (p ≥ 0.1). Qualitative analysis of DCE within mpMRI according to PI-RADS version 2.1 showed excellent results regarding (cs)PCa detection. Semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters provided no additional improvements. DCE alone wasn’t able to discriminate csPCa from nsPCa.
Muscle size of individual hip extensors in sprint runners: Its relation to spatiotemporal variables and sprint velocity during maximal velocity sprinting
Authors: Takahashi Katsuki , Kamibayashi Kiyotaka , Wakahara Taku
Published: April 2021

Hip extensor muscle size is related to sprint running performance. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To gain insights into this issue, the present study examined the relationships between the individual hip extensor sizes, spatiotemporal variables (step frequency and length, and their determinants), and sprint velocity during maximal velocity sprinting. Magnetic resonance images of the hip and right thigh were obtained from 26 male sprinters to determine the volumes of the gluteus maximus, individual hamstrings and adductors, and gracilis. Muscle volumes were normalized to their respective body mass and recorded as relative muscle volumes. The sprinters performed a 100-m sprint with their maximal effort. Their sprint motions were recorded using cameras to calculate the mean sprint velocity and the spatiotemporal variables at 50–60 m interval. The sprint velocity was significantly correlated with the relative volume of the semitendinosus (r = 0.497, P = 0.010), but not with the volumes of the other examined muscles. The relative volume of semitendinosus significantly correlated with the stance distance (r = 0.414, P = 0.036) and the stance distance adjusted by the stance time (r = 0.490, P = 0.011). Moreover, there were significant correlations between the stance distance and step length (r = 0.592, P = 0.001), and between the step length and sprint velocity (r = 0.509, P = 0.008). These results suggest that the semitendinosus contributes to attaining long stance distance and thereby high sprint velocity during maximal velocity sprinting.
Orally administered β-glucan improves the hemolytic activity of the complement system in horses
Authors: Picetti Taline Scalco , Soveral Lucas de Figueiredo , Miotto Rovian , Erpen Luana Marina Scheer , Kreutz Yasmin , Guizzo João Antônio , Frandoloso Rafael , Kreutz Luiz Carlos
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim: Immune-modulating molecules mainly act on innate immune cells, which are central to early defense against invading pathogens and contribute to developing adaptive immunity. Yeast-extracted β-glucan, a model immune-modulating molecule, is widely used in several animal species; however, its effect on horse immune parameters has not been thoroughly investigated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of orally administered β-glucan on selected innate immune parameters in horses.

Materials and Methods: Eighteen thoroughbred horses were assigned equally into three groups as follows: One control group (no β-glucan) and two β-glucan experimental groups (one received 125 mg and the other 2 g of β-glucan per day for 28 days). Blood samples were collected before and at the end of the experiment for hematological analysis, whole blood phagocytosis, respiratory burst assays, and to assess the serum lysozyme and complement hemolytic activities.

Results: At the end of the experiment, significant decreases (p<0.05) in monocyte numbers were observed in the control horses (258.8±45.9 vs. 115.3±41.5) and in those fed 125 mg/day of β-glucan (208.8±72.3 vs. 99.2±60.7), whereas a significant increase in numbers was noted in the horses that were fed 2 g/day of β-glucan (303.5±45.8 vs. 429.8±86.0; p<0.05). The natural hemolytic activity of the complement was higher only in horses fed 2 g/day of β-glucan (p=0.018) compared to the other groups. The hemolytic activity in the classical pathway was higher in those fed 125 mg/day (p=0.0035) and 2 g/day of β-glucan (p=0.0001).

Conclusion: β-glucan improves important innate immune parameters and might be fed to horses before stressful events.
Teknologi Fermentasi dan Pengolahan Biji Kakao
Authors: Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Lisdiyanti Puspita , Ratnakomala Shanti , Fauziyyah Siti , Sari Miranti Nurindah
Published: April 2021

Dibalik kelezatannya, nyatanya cokelat (kakao) memerlukan daya olah yang tidak sederhana. Barangkali sebagian besar dari kita juga tidak tahu bahwa biji cokelat Indonesia sering dihargai rendah di skala pasar internasional. Suatu paradoks sebetulnya mengingat Indonesia termasuk enam besar negara pemasok kakao di dunia. Apa yang sebenarnya terjadi? Mengapa harga biji kakao asal Indonesia masih rendah dibandingkan kakao dari negara lain? Bagaimana petani kakao dapat berperan maksimal dalam meningkatkan kualitas biji kakaonya sehingga dalam tataran nasional bukan tidak mungkin perekonomian negara juga akan semakin meningkat. Temukan jawaban selengkapnya dalam buku ini. Runutan uraian—dari mengapa biji kakao Indonesia rendah, variatif persoalan yang dihadapi petani kakao Indonesia, jenis-jenis kakao hingga bagaimana mengolah biji kakao dalam tiap tahapnya yang akan berdampak pada cita rasa dan aroma cokelat yang dihasilkan—dijelaskan secara singkat dan padat dalam buku ini. Oleh karena itu, buku ini cocok dibaca oleh siapa saja yang tertarik mengungkap fenomena persoalan cokelat Indonesia serta bagaimana solusi yang tepat untuk mengurai persoalan-persoalan yang ada.
Nasionalisme ala Milenial: Sebuah Disrupsi?
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Hadi Aulia , Nadzir Ibnu , Rabbani Hidayatullah , Prabowo S. M. Nur , Fathy Rusydan , Lintang Y. A Jalu , Hastuti Puji , Rachmawan Dicky , Aidulsyah Fachri , Sukmawati Anggy Denok , Tondo Fanny , Ratri Annisa , Ocktaviana Sentiela , Ju Lan Thung
Published: April 2021

Generasi milenial merupakan generasi masa kini yang lahir pada 1980-an hingga 2000-an. Generasi ini sangat lekat dengan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) dan sering kali diasumsikan sebagai disruptor melalui keterhubungan dengan internet. Dalam bunga rampai ini, para penulis berupaya memberikan gambaran dan menganalisis ragam ekspresi milenial di ruang publik dalam mengartikulasikan nasionalismenya. Bunga rampai ini berisi beragam pandangan penulis tentang bagaimana generasi milenial Indonesia memaknai kembali nasionalismenya. Lingkup buku ini mencakup 12 artikel yang dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam lima topik, yaitu pendefinisian pemuda milenial; pembentukan identitas milenial; ekspresi nasionalisme milenial; pendidikan, pemuda, dan bahasa generasi mileneal; serta kewargaan milenial. Buku nasionalisme yang pernah dibuat oleh LIPI mempunyai alur dan format yang berbeda dengan buku ini karena para penulis buku ini umumnya memang generasi milenial yang cenderung memiliki keberagaman berpikir dan minat yang berbeda-beda. Dengan membaca buku ini, pembaca diharapkan mendapat pengalaman baru mengenai “nasionalisme ala milenial”.
General Outlook on the Development of the Language of Law and Legislative Texts
Authors: Batuyshkina Marina
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to examine the matter of the genesis of the language of law, the development of the concept of "law" and the formation of models of legislative texts. The differentiation of types of laws, its foundations and trends are considered diachronically. The article examines the general and particular functional, formal and substantive features of laws adopted in different time periods, the phenomenon of model lawmaking, and the unification of legislative forms. Special attention is paid to the linguistic and terminological basis of laws, legal reception. It is noted that the change of terminological systems reflects various state and socio-political paradigms. The methods and approaches traditional for Russian studies and forensic linguistics have been used to write this article. The legal texts of the XI – XX centuries and modern Russian laws, as well as works of linguists, legal scholars and representatives of other sciences have served as research material.
A organização e estruturação do serviço de saúde na APS para o enfretamento da Covid-19: relato de experiência
Authors: Andres Silvana Carloto , Carlotto Auro Braz , Leão Andressa
Published: April 2021

Este artigo ter por objetivo apresentar ações e estratégias desenvolvidas pela Atenção Primária à Saúde para o enfretamento da pandemia do COVID-19 em município de pequeno porte no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se da metodologia de relato de experiência baseados nas vivências e experiências dos profissionais na criação de protocolos restruturação e reorganização da unidade para a demanda de usuários com sintomas respiratórios
A capacitação de profissionais da APS para inserção do Dispositivo Intrauterino (DIU) de cobre: a experiência do município de Betim, Minas Gerais
Authors: De Souza Elizangela Gonçalves , Pinheiro Elis Regina Silva , Da Rocha Julia Maria Simão , Sousa Mabel Melo , Dos Santos Edna Alves , Rangel Heleny Ferreira
Published: April 2021

Trata-se de relato da experiência de capacitação de profissionais da APS para inserção do DIU de cobre.  A intervenção foi um curso teórico prático e de atualização em inserção de DIU, ofertado a médicos, enfermeiros e ginecologistas da APS. Participaram do curso 27 profissionais, sendo 6 médicos e 21 enfermeiros. Foram inseridos 147 DIUs. A média de inserções em 7 meses (de maio a dezembro de 2019) foi de 21, superando a dos dois anos anteriores (6,1 em 2017 e 12,7 em 2018). A intervenção configura uma inovação à prática de oferta dos métodos contraceptivos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de Betim, uma vez que ampliou e continuará ampliando o acesso das mulheres ao DIU e vem para amenizar a dificuldade já conhecida dos serviços públicos em incorporar, de forma efetiva, a assistência anticoncepcional, através de métodos reversíveis e não hormonais.
João José Reis e seus métodos:
Authors: Klein Daniel da Silva
Published: April 2021

Esse artigo é um conjunto de propostas metodológicas para a grande área da Teoria da História, trazendo leituras possíveis de obras selecionadas do historiador João José Reis, que se dedica aos estudos das populações negras de Salvador no século XIX. O objetivo é fundamentar a ideia de que, a partir desse autor, podemos entender as noções de experiência social, sociabilidade, cotidiano, temporalidades e classe para que sejam compreendidas de maneira mais aberta, com múltiplas determinações, dedicando atenção especial aos indivíduos e suas intencionalidades. A investigação privilegiou um enfoque bibliográfico, levantando alguns livros do autor, artigos complementares e trabalhos que hora dialogam ou criticam as posições por ele defendidas. Em um primeiro momento busca-se entender as relações envolvendo experiência e sociabilidade, enfocando-se as questões que articulam indivíduo e sociedade. A seguir discute-se o foco das temporalidades possíveis e o cotidiano das pessoas, principalmente como esse debate pode caminhar para avaliações indeterminadas, mas ao mesmo tempo sem relativizações. Por fim, apontam-se algumas possibilidades a respeito da compreensão de classe em Reis, privilegiando-se o caráter construtivista do termo.
A conquista de direitos para os nascidos com síndrome da talidomida no Brasil
Authors: Santos Francieli Lunelli
Published: April 2021

A síndrome da talidomida afetou o desenvolvimento de crianças brasileiras em fins da década de 1950 e posteriormente. A talidomida era vendida como antiemético e sonífero. Se consumida no período inicial da gestação provocava embriopatias diversas. Milhares de crianças em 46 países nasceram com ausência ou encurtamento dos membros superiores e/ou inferiores. Seus fabricantes não se responsabilizaram pelos efeitos colaterais e as crianças cresceram sob a proteção de seus pais e familiares, sem qualquer direito ou assistência devido a sua condição, por parte do Estado. Com o objetivo de compreender o processo de luta por direitos para as crianças com síndrome, nascidas entre 1959 a 1964, através de pesquisa documental, este artigo analisa o processo de judicialização e posterior construção de legislação em termos de direitos para esse grupo social. A luta por direitos foi morosa, chegando até a idade adulta dos sujeitos a que esta pesquisa se refere.
Sobre reparar o dano, aprisionar e outras penas:
Authors: Daminelli Camila Serafim , Boeira Daniel Alves
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo analisa sentidos de justiça presentes na mídia acerca de adolescentes em conflito com a lei no Brasil. Através de um conjunto de reportagens coletadas no jornal Folha de São Paulo – bem como do aporte legislativo que a temática demanda – investiga-se noções de justiça presentes nos debates sobre o Projeto de Emenda Constitucional (PEC) n. 171/1993, que propõe antecipar a maioridade de adolescentes autores de crime hediondo. O resgate acelerado desta proposta se deu no ano de 2015, e seguiu pelo ano de 2016, abarcando o cenário polarizado da pré-candidatura presidencial, que ocorreria em 2018. A reboque deste contexto, elencamos os debates sobre o assassinato de cinco jovens no interior de São Paulo para dar lugar à análise de uma concepção de justiça que se configura como prática de extermínio, em direção contrária à das instituições democráticas brasileiras.
Direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes no arquipélago do Marajó/PA:
Authors: Guimarães Jacqueline Tatiane da Silva
Published: April 2021

Refletimos sobre a situação da infância na Amazônia marajoara e os desafios para a garantia de direitos humanos. Iniciamos, discorrendo sobre a entrada das demandas da infância na agenda das políticas públicas brasileira, dando especial destaque aos conceitos de “rede” e “sistema”. Posteriormente, sobre a amplitude, diversidade e heterogeneidade do Marajó que nos impõe diferentes desafios para a efetivação de políticas públicas na Amazônia. Esta pesquisa é exploratória, no qual recorremos a levantamento bibliográfico, documental e de campo. Analisamos notícias expostas em jornais eletrônicos e entrevistas que foram realizadas com os profissionais que atuam na rede sociojurídica dos municípios do Marajó Ocidental/PA. Consideramos que há uma complexa demanda a ser enfrentada pelos municípios marajoaras, sendo resultado da amplitude de seu território que concentra uma população que vive em situação de pobreza extrema, contraditoriamente, num espaço de extensa riqueza natural.
Educação infantil indígena:
Authors: Andrioli Luciana Regina , Faustino Rosangela Célia
Published: April 2021

Dados Censitários (INEP, 2017), indicam um expressivo aumento no número de matrículas na educação básica nas escolas localizadas em Terras Indígenas. Discutimos neste artigo a Educação Infantil Indígena, tema pouco abordado, e um direito recente no Brasil. Problematizamos as políticas e orientações para essa etapa da educação básica, a participação indígena e o papel das famílias na educação infantil em uma comunidade Kaingang no Paraná, evidenciando aspectos da infância e da educação indígena, a formação e os dados sobre os professores da educação infantil, o espaço, as práticas e materiais didáticos, buscando explicitar a inserção da criança indígena na escola com a presença de mães indígenas que acompanham o processo. Essas discussões resultam de uma pesquisa documental e empírica com aporte da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Os resultados evidenciam que os povos indígenas, em sua resistência organizada, atuam em espaços institucionais locais e governamentais, visando à inclusão no sistema de ensino, porém com ações para ressignificá-lo.
 
 
Palavras-Chave: Crianças Kaingang. Educação Infantil Indígena Professores Indígenas.
Historiografias de um epicentro da pobreza
Authors: Moreira Nathalia Claro
Published: April 2021

Resenha do livro “Histórias da Pobreza no Brasil” (Ed. FURG, 2019), volume 6 da Coleção Direito e Justiça Social, organizado pelos professores e pesquisadores Fabiano Quadros Rückert, Jonathan Fachini da Silva, José Carlos da Silva Cardozo e Tiago da Silva Cesar. A presente resenha busca revisar criticamente esta importante publicação historiográfica cuja proposta foi compor uma obra que contemplasse diferentes escalas de análise sobre a pobreza associadas as particularidades históricas e socioeconômicas desde o Norte ao Sul do Brasil. Os quatorze capítulos desenvolvidos ao longo de cerca de 400 páginas conduzem o leitor a fluxos e lentes de análise distintas, embora estejam todos entrelaçados no terreno da História Social. Na esteira da história das coletividades, os capítulos do livro analisado buscam revelar os aspectos intrínsecos a construção histórico-social da condição de miséria dentro de classes marginalizadas, isto é, trabalhadores pobres, escravizados, encarcerados, órfãos, mestiços, desabrigados. A obra desnaturaliza a percepção das desigualdades sociais a partir do momento em que esmiúça as particularidades dos grupos envolvidos pela pobreza. Para tanto, o exercício dos autores remonta um delicado trabalho de análise de fontes documentais variadas como processos judiciais, relatos de viajantes, jornais, petições, leis, estatísticas sanitárias, documentos eclesiásticos, relatórios da administração pública e obras literárias.
The Sweet and Sour of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax
Authors: Khamis Al-Alawy , Immanuel Azaad Moonesar , Shatha Muhsineh , Reem Gaafar , Bashir Aden
Published: April 2021

Obesity is a common and preventable Non-Communicable Disease that is of great importance. Population-based interventions are recognized to have a profound effect on improving health outcomes. One of these approaches includes the adoption of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Tax. Objectives: There were three objectives, 1) Explore the associations between age, gender, nationality, and SSB consumption, 2) explore SSB consumption during Covid-19 lockdown and, 3) inform policy decision making. Methods: A cross-sectional survey in the United Arab Emirates. We performed descriptive analysis and chi-square for independence to test the difference between the expected and the observed frequencies in one or more categories. Results: Since the introduction of the SSB tax, we report no change in SSB consumption by age, gender, or nationality. Further analysis of the proportion of sugar intake per day was significant (P-value <0.001) by nationality. There was no significant change in SSB consumption by age, gender, or nationality during the Covid-19 lockdown. Further analysis within the group that reported a change in SSB consumption (80.5%) had a reduction in SSB consumption. Conclusions: Age, gender, and nationality do not significantly impact SSB consumption, or during Covid-19 lockdown; thus, we accept the Null Hypothesis. Imposing a levy on frequently consumed SSB or revisiting levy by the gram, volume, or type of added sugar (or in combination) may prove more effective in reducing SSB consumption. Further research is needed to determine the extent income and education influence SSB consumption in the UAE and the enablers and barriers associated with SSB consumption.
PERFIL DOS ACIDENTES CAUSADOS POR ANIMAIS PEÇONHENTOS REGISTRADOS EM UBERLÂNDIA, MINAS GERAIS (2014 - 2018)
Authors: Nogueira Cláudio Ferreira , Alves Louryel Henrique Nogueira , Nunes Débora Cristina de Oliveira Silva
Published: April 2021

Acidente por animais peçonhentos é um agravo de notificação compulsória. Devido ao grande número de casos no estado de Minas Gerais e ausência de informação sobre o agravo em Uberlândia, o estudo objetivou descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no município (2014-2018). Tratou-se de uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, retrospectiva, baseada em dados secundários extraídos das fichas de Notificação Compulsória. Dos 1676 casos analisados, 1605 referiram-se a acidentes por animais peçonhentos. Os acidentes ocorreram principalmente em zona urbana, em mulheres para todos os animais peçonhentos, exceto serpentes e a faixa etária mais acometida foi 18-60 anos. Os escorpiões foram os principais agentes agressores, seguido por serpentes, aranhas e abelhas. As vítimas procuraram atendimento médico rapidamente, a maioria dos casos foi leve e não recebeu soroterapia. Praticamente todos os casos evoluíram para cura e poucos óbitos foram registrados. Acidentes causados por escorpiões/serpentes ocorreram mais nos meses chuvosos do ano e, para as aranhas/abelhas, foram constantes ao longo dos meses. As regiões anatômicas mais acometidas foram cabeça, seguido de membros superiores e tronco para abelhas e, membros inferiores e superiores para aranhas, escorpiões e serpentes. A principal manifestação local foi dor, manifestações sistêmicas foram menos comuns e complicações raras.
Estado y problemas de la investigación cualitativa en Educación: Divulgación, investigación y acceso del profesorado universitario
Authors: Fernández-Navas Manuel , Alcaraz-Salarirche Noelia , Pérez-Granados Laura
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo presenta un panorama reflexivo con respecto a los problemas de divulgación de resultados de investigación cualitativa en España. En nuestra experiencia, observamos que existe una falta de equidad entre las metodologías cuantitativas y las cualitativas, con un claro predominio de las primeras sobre las últimas, lo que ha hecho que la confianza en la metodología cualitativa como enfoque riguroso de investigación se haya visto fuertemente afectado. Para abordar esta situación se ha analizado la producción en revistas españolas de alto impacto de los últimos cinco años, clasificando el tipo de artículos publicados según metodología, así como las políticas de enfoque y alcance de las mismas. Por otra parte, con el fin de contrastar la información con el análisis documental, se han entrevistado a investigadores especialistas en investigación cualitativa, así como a estudiantes, sobre la problemática para publicar en revistas con alto impacto y las dificultades para obtener proyectos de investigación con este enfoque. Entre las razones que han conducido a esta situación encontramos que, el acceso del profesorado universitario, centrado fundamentalmente en méritos de publicaciones e investigación; y la preferencia de revistas de impacto de trabajos cuantitativos derivada, entre otras cuestiones, del pensamiento hegemónico sobre cómo se genera un conocimiento riguroso, ha generado importantes desequilibrios entre ambas metodologías. Concluimos el artículo considerando posibles propuestas que presumiblemente pondrán en valor la riqueza de la investigación cualitativa como parte indispensable del pensamiento científico en educación.
Faculty attitudes toward technology-driven instruction in developmental mathematics
Authors: Kramer Jenna W. , Cuevas Stephany , Boatman Angela
Published: April 2021

Innovation in instructional technology has contributed to the rapid implementation of technology-driven instructional platforms, particularly in developmental math coursework (Bickerstaff et al., 2016). In this phenomenological study, we investigate how faculty perceive and respond to a mandated, technology-driven instructional model for developmental math coursework at public colleges in Tennessee. Through interviews with faculty members across four colleges, we find that many faculty agreed that technology helped them to better track student performance, provide more targeted assistance, and communicate directly with students. Faculty also expressed concerns that technology provides the opportunity or temptation to game the system, interfering with true learning, and that students with the greatest needs may not be well served by the instructional model. We draw policy implications related to the role of educators in the development and implementation of curricular policy, provision and requirements for ongoing professional development, and postsecondary learning accountability.
Effect of perineum massage with olive oil on perineum integrity and duration of second period of delivery
Authors: Bayraktar Evrim , Başer Mürüvvet
Published: April 2021

Background: Perineal trauma that may occur during labor may pose a critical risk both for mother’s health and her quality of life. Childbirth and puerperium are of the most important periods in women’s lives and can affect different aspects of their lives.
Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labor with olive oil on perineal lacerations, episiotomy, and perineum tears in multiparous women.
Design: A randomized controlled trial.
Method: Among women who applied to Maternity Hospital in Turkey 350 pregnant women were assigned to massage group while other 350 were to control group. The participants were selected through convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to two groups: intervention and control groups. The intervention group received perineal massage with olive oil during second stage of labor. Subsequently, we analyzed perineal laceration, episiotomy, and perineal tear among the two groups. All of them were taught about postpartum perineal tear and its severity, and the researcher followed them up 4 hours, and 1 days after childbirth. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. We used descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, including t test, Chi-square test, One-Simple Kolmogorov Smirnov test.
Findings: Frequency of episiotomy was 34.3% in the intervention group and 48.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) Tear appeared in 17.7% of the massage group while in 38.0% of the controls. Percentage of tear formation in the massage group significantly decreased (p<0.05) No statistically significant difference was found between the second period of the delivery of massage and control group
Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study and those of other studies, perineal massage during the second stage of labor can reduce the need for episiotomy, and avoid perineal injuries, and perineal pain.
Global Perturbation of Nonlinear Eigenvalues
Authors: López-Gómez Julián , Sampedro Juan Carlos
Published: April 2021

This paper generalizes the classical theory of perturbation of eigenvalues up to cover the most general setting where the operator surface𝔏:[a,b]×[c,d]→Φ0⁢(U,V){\mathfrak{L}:[a,b]\times[c,d]\to\Phi_{0}(U,V)},(λ,μ)↦𝔏⁢(λ,μ){(\lambda,\mu)\mapsto\mathfrak{L}(\lambda,\mu)}, depends continuously on theperturbation parameter, μ, and holomorphically, as well as nonlinearly, on thespectral parameter, λ, whereΦ0⁢(U,V){\Phi_{0}(U,V)}stands for the set of Fredholm operators of index zero betweenUandV. The main result is a substantial extension of a classical finite-dimensional theorem of T. Kato (see [T. Kato, Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators, 2nd ed., Class. Math., Springer, Berlin, 1995, Chapter 2, Section 5]).
New active learning algorithms for near-infrared spectroscopy in agricultural applications
Authors: Krause Julius , Günder Maurice , Schulz Daniel , Gruna Robin
Published: April 2021

The selection of training data determines the quality of a chemometric calibration model. In order to cover the entire parameter space of known influencing parameters, an experimental design is usually created. Nevertheless, even with a carefully prepared Design of Experiment (DoE), redundant reference analyses are often performed during the analysis of agricultural products. Because the number of possible reference analyses is usually very limited, the presented active learning approaches are intended to provide a tool for better selection of training samples.
Discovery of novel potential KIT inhibitors for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Jiang Lili , Zhang Zhongmin , Wang Zhen , Liu Yong
Published: April 2021

Numerous inhibitors of tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, a receptor tyrosine kinase, have been explored as a viable therapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, drug resistance due to acquired mutations in KIT makes these drugs almost useless. The present study was designed to screen the novel inhibitors against the activity of the KIT mutants through pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking. The best two pharmacophore models were established using the KIT mutants’ crystal complexes and were used to screen the new compounds with possible KIT inhibitory activity against both activation loop and ATP-binding mutants. As a result, two compounds were identified as potential candidates from the virtual screening, which satisfied the potential binding capabilities, molecular modeling characteristics, and predicted absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) properties. Further molecular docking simulations showed that two compounds made strong hydrogen bond interaction with different KIT mutant proteins. Our results indicated that pharmacophore models based on the receptor–ligand complex had excellent ability to screen KIT inhibitors, and two compounds may have the potential to develop further as the future KIT inhibitors for GIST treatment.
A Gradient Discretisation Method for Anisotropic Reaction–Diffusion Models with Applications to the Dynamics of Brain Tumors
Authors: Alnashri Yahya , Alzubaidi Hasan
Published: April 2021

A gradient discretisation method (GDM) is an abstract setting that designs the unified convergence analysis of several numerical methods for partial differential equations and their corresponding models. In this paper, we study the GDM for anisotropic reaction–diffusion problems, based on a general reaction term, with Neumann boundary condition. With natural regularity assumptions on the exact solution, the framework enables us to provide proof of the existence of weak solutions for the problem, and to obtain a uniform-in-time convergence for the discrete solution and a strong convergence for its discrete gradient. It also allows us to apply non-conforming numerical schemes to the model on a generic grid (the non-conformingℙ⁢1{\mathbb{P}1}finite element scheme and the hybrid mixed mimetic (HMM) methods). Numerical experiments using the HMM method are performed to assess the accuracy of the proposed scheme and to study the growth of glioma tumors in heterogeneous brain environment. The dynamics of their highly diffusive nature is also measured using the fraction anisotropic measure. The validity of the HMM is examined further using four different mesh types. The results indicate that the dynamics of the brain tumor is still captured by the HMM scheme, even in the event of a highly heterogeneous anisotropic case performed on the mesh with extreme distortions.
Absolute parallelism for 2-nondegenerate CR structures via bigraded Tanaka prolongation
Authors: Porter Curtis , Zelenko Igor
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the local geometry of everywhere 2-nondegenerate CR manifolds M of hypersurface type.
An absolute parallelism for such structures was recently constructed independently by Isaev and Zaitsev, Medori and Spiro, and Pocchiola in the minimal possible dimension (

dim
⁡
M

=
5

{\dim M=5}

), and for

dim
⁡
M

=
7

{\dim M=7}

in certain cases by the first author. In the present paper, we develop a bigraded (i.e.,

ℤ
×
ℤ

{\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}}

-graded) analog of Tanaka’s prolongation procedure to construct an absolute parallelism for these CR structures in arbitrary (odd) dimension with Levi kernel of arbitrary admissible dimension. We introduce the notion of a bigraded Tanaka symbol – a complex bigraded vector space – containing all essential information about the CR structure. Under the additional regularity assumption that the symbol is a Lie algebra, we define a bigraded analog of the Tanaka universal algebraic prolongation, endowed with an anti-linear involution, and prove that for any CR structure with a given regular symbol there exists a canonical absolute parallelism on a bundle whose dimension is that of the bigraded universal algebraic prolongation. Moreover, we show that for each regular symbol there is a unique (up to local equivalence) such CR structure whose algebra of infinitesimal symmetries has maximal possible dimension, and the latter algebra is isomorphic to the real part of the bigraded universal algebraic prolongation of the symbol. In the case of 1-dimensional Levi kernel we classify all regular symbols and calculate their bigraded universal algebraic prolongations.
In this case, the regular symbols can be subdivided into nilpotent, strongly non-nilpotent, and weakly non-nilpotent. The bigraded universal algebraic prolongation of strongly non-nilpotent regular symbols is isomorphic to the complex orthogonal algebra

𝔰
⁢
𝔬
⁢

(
m
,
ℂ
)

{\mathfrak{so}(m,\mathbb{C})}

, where

m
=

1
2

⁢

(

dim
⁡
M

+
5

)

{m=\tfrac{1}{2}(\dim M+5)}

. Any real form of this algebra – except

𝔰
⁢
𝔬
⁢

(
m
)

{\mathfrak{so}(m)}

and

𝔰
⁢
𝔬
⁢

(

m
-
1

,
1
)

{\mathfrak{so}(m-1,1)}

– corresponds to the real part of the bigraded universal algebraic prolongation of exactly one strongly non-nilpotent regular CR symbol. However, for a fixed

dim
⁡
M

≥
7

{\dim M\geq 7}

the dimension of the bigraded universal algebraic prolongations of all possible regular CR symbols achieves its maximum on one of the nilpotent regular symbols, and this maximal dimension is

1
4

⁢

(

dim
⁡
M

-
1

)

2

+
7

{\frac{1}{4}(\dim M-1)^{2}+7}

.
Chandrasekhar quadratic and cubic integral equations via Volterra-Stieltjes quadratic integral equation
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed M. A. , Omar Yasmin M. Y.
Published: April 2021

In this work, we study the existence of one and exactly one solution

x
∈
C

[

0
,
1

]

x\in C\left[0,1]

, for a delay quadratic integral equation of Volterra-Stieltjes type. As special cases we study a delay quadratic integral equation of fractional order and a Chandrasekhar cubic integral equation.
Corrigendum to the paper “Equivalence of the existence of best proximity points and best proximity pairs for cyclic and noncyclic nonexpansive mappings”
Authors: Gabeleh Moosa
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this short note is to present a correction of the proof of the main result given in the paper “Equivalence of the existence of best proximity points and best proximity pairs for cyclic and noncyclic nonexpansive mappings,” Demonstr. Math. 53 (2020), 38–43.
Extraction of fractional vegetation cover in arid desert area based on Chinese GF-6 satellite
Authors: Deng Zhengdong , Lu Zhao , Wang Guangyuan , Wang Daqing , Ding Zhibin , Zhao Hongfei , Xu Haoli , Shi Yue , Cheng Zijian , Zhao Xiaoning
Published: April 2021

The red edge band is considered as one of the diagnosable characteristics of green plants, but the large-scale remote sensing retrieval of fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) based on the red edge band is still rare. To explore the application of the red edge band in the remote sensing estimation of FVC, this study proposed a new vegetation index (normalized difference red edge index, RENDVI) based on the two red edge bands of Chinese GaoFen-6 satellite (GF-6). The FVC estimated by using three vegetation indices (NDVI, RENDVI1, and RENDVI2) were evaluated based on the field survey FVC obtained in Minqin Basin of Gansu Province. The results showed that there was a good linear correlation between the FVC estimated by GF-6 WFV data and the FVC investigated in the field, and the most reasonable estimation of FVC was obtained based on RENDVI2 model (R
2 = 0.97611 and RMSE = 0.07075). Meanwhile, the impact of three confidence levels (1, 2, and 5%) on FVC was also analyzed in this study. FVC obtained from NDVI and RENDVI2 has the highest accuracy at 2% confidence, while FVC based on RENDVI1 achieved the best accuracy at 5% confidence. It could be concluded that it is feasible and reliable to estimate FVC based on red edge bands, and the GF-6 Wide Field View (WFV) data with high temporal and spatial resolution provide a new data source for remote sensing estimation of FVC.
Smoothness conditions for functions of two variables
Authors: Dzagnidze Omar
Published: April 2021

In this paper, necessary, sufficient, and necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the smoothness of functions of two variables.