bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hot band annealing prior to cold rolling on the mechanical toughness and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel
Authors: Wu Shengjie , Wang Wanlin , Yue Chongxiang , Li Hualong
Published: May 2023

In this work, the effect of hot band annealing on subsequent microstructure, toughness and final magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel was investigated. It was found that the hot band annealing temperature plays an important role in the microstructure, toughness, texture and final magnetic properties. After hot band annealing, the grain size of hot-rolled and final annealed steels were increased, which made contribution to the reduction of iron loss. Besides that, hot band annealing could enhance the favorable θ-fiber texture and weaken the unfavorable γ-fiber texture of the final annealed steel. The magnetic induction B5000 of final annealed steel increased with the increasing of hot band annealing temperature within the testing range. In addition, the coarsening grain size caused by high hot band annealing temperature leaded to a sharp decrease in toughness of the hot-rolled steel. An increase in test temperature would improve the impact toughness of hot-rolled steel after hot band annealing. When the test temperature rose to 100 °C, ductile fracture occurred in all the hot-rolled steels under the hot band annealing condition of 850–950 °C.
Littératie en santé mentale : de quoi s’agit-il et pourquoi la promouvoir ?
Authors: Montagni Ilaria
Published: May 2023

La littératie en santé mentale trouve son origine dans la littératie en santé plus « générale » avec un focus spécifique sur le bien-être mental. Sa première définition, en 1997 par Anthony Jorm, utilise une approche médicalisée car elle se réfère à la connaissance et aux croyances sur les problèmes de santé mentale qui favorisent leur identification, gestion ou prévention. Plus tard, entre 2014 et 2016, le concept de promotion de la santé mentale est ajouté par Stan Kutcher qui introduit les notions de résilience et de psychologie positive. Ainsi, la littératie en santé mentale est définie comme un déterminant modifiable de la santé mentale dont il existe plusieurs échelles de mesure. La plus complète, à présent, est la Mental Health Literacy Scale de O’Connor&Casey validée aussi en français. À partir du programme « Premiers secours en santé mentale », diverses interventions pour améliorer la littératie en santé mentale ont été évaluées et initiées récemment en France.
Pathogenese und Therapie des Reizdarmsyndroms
Authors: Poschwatta-Rupp Sabine
Published: May 2023

Kaum eine gastroenterologische Erkrankung wird so intensiv diskutiert wie das Reizdarmsyndrom (RDS). Was vor einigen Jahrzehnten das unbefriedigende Ergebnis einer Ausschlussdiagnose war, ist mittlerweile eine ernstzunehmende Erkrankung mit definierten Diagnosekriterien und wirksamen Therapieoptionen, die in der aktuellen Leitlinie ausführlich dargelegt sind. Die Pathogenese ist multifaktoriell und wird zunehmend besser verstanden. Heute ordnet man das Reizdarmsyndrom als Störung der Darm-Hirn-Interaktionen ein.
Motivation von Sportphysiotherapeut* innen und Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Arbeit: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
Authors: Haas Hans-Josef , Kurz Eduard , Ermel Johannes
Published: May 2023

Das Herausgeberteam der Sportphysio hat im vergangenen Jahr eine Umfrage durchgeführt, um herauszufinden, aus welchen Gründen sich Physiotherapeut*innen entscheiden, Sportler*innen zu betreuen, was sie verdienen und wie die Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Arbeit sind. Befragt wurden die Leserinnen und Leser der Zeitschrift, aber auch über andere Kanäle wurde die Umfrage beworben. In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Ergebnisse vor.
Die Registrierung zum Experten für Sportphysiotherapie in der International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy
Authors: Gard Suzanne
Published: May 2023

Viele Physiotherapeuten haben den Traum, als Betreuer bei Olympia, einer Weltmeisterschaft oder einem anderen sportlichen Großereignis teilzunehmen. Autorin Suzanne Gard hat sich diesen Traum erfüllt und war als Physiotherapeutin 2012 bei den Olympischen Spielen in London. Heute ist sie Mitglied im Vorstand mehrerer Verbände und erklärt, welche Anforderungen an international tätige Sportphysiotherapeuten gestellt werden.
Insulin icodec: neues Basalinsulin mit einmal wöchentlicher Injektion
Authors: Kellerer Monika
Published: May 2023

Für die Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stehen zahlreiche Optionen zur Verfügung. Leitlinien empfehlen nach Ausschöpfen aller vorangehenden Maßnahmen (Lebensstiländerung, orale Antidiabetika, GLP-1-Analoga) die Insulintherapie, meist mit einem Basalinsulin. Im klinischen Alltag erfolgt die Umstellung jedoch meist verzögert. Insulin icodec ist ein neues Basalinsulin, das nach Injektion an Albumin bindet und damit allmählich einen Speicher aufbaut. Durch das langsame Anfluten aus dem Albuminspeicher und einer Halbwertszeit von 196 Stunden eignet es sich als einmal wöchentliches Insulin. Ergebnisse aus den Phase-2-Studien zu T2DM zeigen, dass eine Ein- oder Umstellung auf Insulin icodec den Blutzucker genauso wirksam senken kann wie ein einmal tägliches Basalinsulin, bei vergleichbarem Hypoglykämierisiko. Die nur einmal wöchentliche Applikation von Insulin icodec könnte damit den Einstieg in die Insulintherapie erleichtern.
Diabetestherapie bei herzkranken Patienten
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist
Published: May 2023

Wenn es nicht möglich ist, die glykämischen Behandlungsziele mit nicht-medikamentösen Maßnahmen zu erreichen, soll innerhalb weniger Monate – oder bei Stoffwechseldekompensation sofort – mit einer medikamentösen Diabetestherapie begonnen werden. Dabei müssen individualisierte Therapieziele unter Einbezug des individuellen kardiovaskulären und renalen Risikos definiert werden.
Evaluation of a single-use gastroscope in patients presenting with suspected upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a pilot feasibility study (One-Scope I)
Authors: Ebigbo Alanna , Tadic Vidan , Schlottmann Jakob , Braun Georg , Prinz Friederike , Wanzl Julia , Ayoub Mousa , Kraus Lisa , Scheppach Markus , Nagl Sandra , Schnoy Elisabeth , Weber Tobias , Probst Andreas , Messmann Helmut , Römmele Christoph
Published: May 2023

Background Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacteria due to contaminated duodenoscopes and infection risks during the COVID-19 pandemic have driven the development of single-use endoscopes. The first single-use gastroscope is now available in Europe. Besides waste disposal and cost issues, the infection risk and performance remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate a single-use gastroscope in patients with signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Methods 20 consecutive patients presenting with clinical signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding between October and November 2022 were included in this case series. The primary aim was technical success, defined as access to the descending duodenum and adequate assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tract for the presence of a bleeding site.

Results The primary aim was achieved in 19/20 patients (95 %). The bleeding site was identified in 18 patients. A therapeutic intervention was performed in six patients (two cap-mounted clips, one standard hemostatic clip, two variceal band ligations, one hemostatic powder, two adrenaline injections); technical and clinical success were achieved in all six patients. Two crossovers to a standard gastroscope occurred.

Conclusions Use of single-use gastroscopes may be feasible for patients presenting for urgent endoscopic evaluation and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Maternal and Cord Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG following COVID-19 Vaccination versus Infection during Pregnancy: A Prospective Study, Israel October 2021–March 2022
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Frank Wolf Maya , Mikhail Mustafa Susana , Sgayer Inshirah , Assulyn Tikva , Abu Zraki Abdallah , Askhar Majadla Nadine , Rechnizter Hagai , Shehadeh Mona , Fleisher Sheffer Vered , Bordeynik-Cohen Mor , Yakir Orly , Lowenstein Lior , Sela Eyal , Edelstein Michael , Dror Amiel A.
Published: May 2023

Objective Defining how pregnant women respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination is critical to optimize vaccination strategies that protect mother and infant at the epidemic. This study aimed to compare anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) of vaccinated versus infected women and to determine the optimal timing of maternal vaccination during pregnancy at the time of epidemic.

Study Design We collected maternal/cord blood at delivery (October 2021–March 2022) and measured anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG geometric mean concentrations (IgG-GMCs) using a quantitative immunoassay. We compared groups according to timing and number of doses and correlated maternal and fetal IgG levels. We described the proportion of women with IgG levels above the 150 AU/mL positivity threshold according to the timing of infection/vaccination and performed a subanalysis for maternal IgG-GMC levels pre- and during the Omicron wave.

Results We included 238 vaccinated women, 125 who received two doses and 113 three doses, and 48 unvaccinated infected women. All groups infected/vaccinated in the second or third trimester had an IgG-GMC above the positivity threshold. Third-trimester vaccination (second/third dose) resulted in higher maternal and cord-blood IgG-GMC compared to the second trimester (maternal-IgG: 102,32 vs. 4,325 AU/mL, p < 0.001; cord-IgG: 12,113 vs. 8,112 AU/mL, p < 0.001). Compared with infected-only women, a higher proportion of vaccinated women with ≥2 doses and their newborns had IgG levels above the positivity threshold at all time points. In vaccinated women, there were higher maternal IgG-GMC levels during the Omicron wave than pre-Omicron.

Conclusion At the time of epidemic, receiving an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose in the third trimester resulted in a higher IgG-GMC compared to the second trimester. Relatively higher levels of maternal and cord IgG-GMC were achieved following vaccination than infection. Women infected during or before the first trimester might benefit from an additional third-trimester dose to prevent peripartum infection and to passively immunize their newborn. The higher levels of maternal IgG-GMC in the Omicron period are suggestive of hybrid immunity.

Key Points
Reference Ranges and Development Patterns of Fetal Myocardial Function Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Healthy Fetuses at 17 to 24 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Russameecharoen Kusol , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Viboonchard Sommai , Sklansky Mark , DeVore Greggory R.
Published: May 2023

Objective The purposes of the study were to develop reference ranges and maturation patterns of fetal cardiac function parameters measured by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) using multiple biometric variables at 17 to 24 weeks' gestation among Thai fetuses and to compare with other previous reports.

Study Design The four-chamber view of the fetal heart in 79 healthy fetuses was suitably analyzed by STE to establish the best-fit regression model. The 95% reference intervals and Z-score equations of fetal cardiac function parameters were computed.

Results The fractional area change of both ventricles, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, LV stroke volume, LV cardiac output (CO), and LV CO per kilogram were all increased according to gestational age (GA) and five fetal biometric measurements. However, the global longitudinal strain, basal-apical length fractional shortening (BAL-FS), BAL annular free wall and septal wall FS, BAL free wall and septal wall annular plane systolic excursions, 24-segment transverse width FS, as well as LV ejection fraction were all independent of GA or other somatic characteristics. There were varying development patterns between fetal right and left ventricles of these cardiac function indices across the gestation period.

Conclusion Our study created Z-score and corresponding centile calculators, 5th and 95th centile reference tables, and corresponding graphs and determined the normal evolution across gestation using multiple somatic growth and age variables between 17 and 24 gestational weeks. These nomograms serve as an essential prerequisite for quantitatively evaluating fetal cardiac contractility and allow for precisely detecting early changes in the fetal heart function.

Key Points
Soap films controlled with magnetic fields
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: May 2023

High-resolution interference imagery reveals how to increase soap film lifetimes.
Calibration of the sub-aperture backscatter system on OMEGA EP
Authors: Filkins T. , Rosenberg M. J. , Bahr R. E. , Katz J. , Ivancic S. T.
Published: May 2023

The sub-aperture backscatter (SABS) diagnostic on the OMEGA EP Laser System [Waxer et al., Opt. Photonics News 16, 30 (2005)] is a diagnostic that is used to measure the backscattered and sidescattered light during laser–plasma interaction experiments [W. L. Kruer, The Physics of Laser Plasma Interactions, Frontiers in Physics Vol. 73, edited by D. Pines (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1988) and Myatt et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 055501 (2014)] that are relevant to high-energy-density physics and inertial confinement fusion. The diagnostic collects stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) UV light at around 351 nm and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the visible-light regime in the 420–720-nm-wavelength range and provides spectrally and temporally resolved information. Five 1-in. light collectors, composed of a lens, ground glass diffuser, and coupling into a 300-μm fiber, are positioned behind the last steering mirror on one of the four beamlines to catch a portion of the beam cross section (∼1.5%) of the emission that is scattered into the beamline. The SRS light is collected in two light collectors, combined, and transported via graded index fibers to a streaked spectrometer. The SABS-SRS streak spectrometer has a temporal and spectral resolution of 100 ps and 1 nm, respectively. Three other light collectors collect, combine, and transport the SBS signal to a Hamamatsu high-voltage photodiode, where an oscilloscope digitizes the data, providing a time resolution of better than 1 ns. To obtain an absolute energy calibration of SRS measurements, light signals of known energy and wavelength were injected into the light collectors one at a time. The resulting counts on the streak camera charge-coupled device for SRS are then correlated with the incident fluence of scattered light at the light collector in order to allow a quantitative assessment of streak camera sensitivity to determine the energy of the scattered light during experiments. The measurements were performed in situ from the light collectors to the detectors. Additional offline measurements provided the transmission of the optics between the target chamber center and the light collectors.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintering produced ZrC–Mo composites
Authors: Zhang Lan , Yu Shiyao , Ma Huizhong , Zhu Mingcheng , Zhang Jidong
Published: May 2023

The fabrication of ZrC–Mo composites with (10–25 vol. %) Mo content using a spark plasma sintering at 1750 °C under 35 MPa was investigated in this research. The effects of adding various Mo contents on the composites were also examined. The microstructure and phase analysis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometer, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Microscopic analysis revealed that the addition of metal Mo resulted in making the ceramic particles of ZrC finer, the sintered products denser, and the sintering conditions softer. Moreover, a continuous solid solution forms in the composite as the Mo content rises, the (Zr, Mo)C and (Zr, Mo)2C start to generate, and thus solid solution strengthens the material. The addition of metal Mo reduced the grain size of the ceramic composite and also lead to fine-grain strengthening. With a relative density of 97.53%, a Vickers hardness of 23.88 GPa, and a flexural strength of 317.55 MPa, the composite possessed the best properties when the molybdenum volume fraction reaches 15 vol. %. The synergistic effect of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening improved the mechanical behavior of the composite.
Nonlinear bifurcations of a circular dielectric-elastomer resonator based on a modified incremental harmonic balance method
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Xuefeng , Zhao Jian , Wang Hongyu , Liu Pengbo , Huang Yu
Published: May 2023

When dielectric-elastomer (DE) resonators are operated under large alternating voltage excitations, strong geometric and material nonlinearities can significantly affect the dynamic performance. Based on the virtual work principle, a dynamic model of a circular DE resonator is established in this work. Static analysis is conducted to study the impacts of the control voltage on the strain and natural frequency of the DE resonator at equilibrium. A modified Incremental Harmonic Balance and arc-length methods are used to obtain dynamic responses of the system excited by alternating voltages, and stability analysis is conducted using the Floquet theory. The effects of the mechanical parameters are studied, and period-doubling bifurcations are observed, which are produced by the parametric excitation of the voltage. The bifurcation phenomenon is comprehensively investigated through analysis of the voltage, stress, and damping coefficient, which provides design guidance for DE resonators.
Computational and theoretical model of electro-osmotic flow pumping in a microchannel with squeezing walls
Authors: Aboelkassem Yasser
Published: May 2023

Numerical simulation and theoretical solution for the electro-osmotic pumping flow of electrolyte solution in a microchannel with squeezing and charged walls are developed in this study. The mathematical model is derived based on using a strong coupling between the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation and the flow lubrication theory. The governing equations are integrated numerically using the finite difference method. Moreover, an analytical solution to the problem is also obtained using the lubrication theory and is used to solve the Poisson–Boltzmann equation without any approximation technique. The effects of various parameters such as the wall zeta potential, Debye length, and electric field on the fluid pressure distribution, velocity field, and the net flow rate are investigated in detail. The results show that the induced pumping rate depends strongly on the combined effects of the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski, zeta potential, and electrical double layer. Moreover, the produced net flow directionality can be controlled efficiently by manipulating the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski and/or the wall zeta potential. The results obtained from the numerical simulation are then compared with the theoretical analysis and have shown to be in agreement with the proposed mathematical model.
Exploring the wave solutions of a nonlinear non-local fractional model for ocean waves
Authors: Yue Chen , Peng Miao , Higazy M. , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: May 2023

In this research, analytical and semi-analytical soliton solutions for the nonlinear fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation (FCBSE) in the non-local form are obtained using recent computational and numerical methods. The FCBSE is a significant model for investigating various phenomena, such as internal ocean waves, tsunamis, river tidal waves, and magneto-sound waves in plasma. The constructed solution helps in understanding the interaction between a long wave moving along the x-axis and a Riemann wave propagating along the y-axis. Various analytical solutions, such as exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic, have been formulated differently for this model, which is a specific derivation of the well-known Korteweg–de Vries equation. Density charts in two and three dimensions are used to visualize the behavior of a single soliton in reality through simulations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the employed numerical scheme and various methods to ensure the consistency of computational and approximation answers. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of recent computational and numerical techniques for solving nonlinear mathematical and physical problems.
Geophysical characterisation and improved delineation of coaly source rocks from integrated analysis of laboratory, well and seismic data
Authors: Sahoo Tusar R. , Sykes Richard , Adam Ludmila , Funnell Robert H.
Published: May 2023

Coaly facies (coal, shaly coal and coaly mudstone) are proven petroleum source rocks in many sedimentary basins in New Zealand, Australia and Southeast Asia. Often these source rocks are mapped in the subsurface based on sparse well data and seismic amplitude character and their organic richness is estimated using average TOC (total organic content) values from well data. However, as the lateral distribution and organic richness of coaly facies are highly heterogeneous and the seismic amplitude response of facies is non-unique, delineation of coaly facies and TOC estimation away from wells are highly uncertain. To reduce this uncertainty, we characterised coaly facies in Cretaceous–Eocene intervals in Taranaki and Great South Basins using density, P-wave velocity, P-impedance and TOC data from 13 wells, supplemented with rock physics and TOC data of numerous coal samples collected from mines and outcrops around New Zealand. We then carried out a case study from the Paleocene–Eocene interval in the Maari 3D seismic survey area in offshore Taranaki Basin in which we develop a P-impedance model and delineate the coaly facies away from wells based on P-impedance character. Average P-impedance maps were analysed together with seismic amplitude character, structure maps and depositional environment maps to understand lateral and temporal variation of coaly facies. These maps were then converted to proxy-TOC maps using a relationship developed from the outcrop coal samples. The coaly facies show density <2.5 g/cc, P-wave velocity <4000 m/s, P-impedance <9000 m/s × g/cc and varied TOC character in the Cretaceous–Eocene interval.
Quantitative self-verification, a breakthrough in ultrasonic metering technology
Authors: Brown Gregor J. , Johnston Ross
Published: May 2023

The accuracy of ultrasonic metering technology has advanced to a level that it is now the technology of choice in many custody transfer and fiscal applications. With meters capable of meeting the accuracy requirements of these applications when initially calibrated, end-user attention has moved to the diagnostic capability of these meters. Diagnostics are now commonly used to increase the confidence of the user that the meter is functioning accurately between calibrations, which could be a year apart or even longer. Although current ultrasonic meter diagnostics are very powerful, they are qualitative in nature, i.e. they provide an indication if something is wrong or has changed, but they have not yet been able to quantify the possible range of error, correctly termed the ‘measurement uncertainty’. This paper presents new technology that has been developed to equip ultrasonic flowmeters with additional measurement data that is used to quantify the uncertainty in the meter’s output. This capability reduces the complexity of diagnostic monitoring, as the result can be monitored as an uncertainty in volumetric or percentage terms, and hence, it allows for quick and simplified decision making. The paper presents the fundamentals of the new self-verifying technology and the testing that has been conducted to validate the uncertainty output provided by the meter. This includes an independent technology qualification evaluation conducted by DNV where the meter was subjected to a variety of real-world upset conditions and the meter performance and uncertainty output were compared with reference data from traceable test facilities.
Modelling and 3D printing of a random porous media using iterative function system fractals
Authors: Cao Nhan Thanh Nguyen Kenny , Mayol Chan , Salmachi Alireza , Labrinidis Agatha
Published: May 2023

3D-printed porous media are useful in conducting research in many fields. Fabricated core samples can be utilised in core flooding experiments to investigate fluid flow (natural gas, CO2 and hydrogen) within an engineered porous media. This work aimed to create digital cores using randomly generated porous media and fabricate the cores using 3D-printing technology. A code is developed that utilises an iterative function system to generate individual maps with random points across their surfaces. A predetermined number of individual maps are generated and stacked on top of each other in a 3D space. The maps are transferred to an Autodesk Inventor environment in the form of coordinates in space. The 3D model of the digital core is constructed in the Inventor and exported as a 3D-printed file. The digital cores are 3D printed using different materials and technologies to identify the best approach. The results show that the digital core constructed using six individual maps, with each map having 10 000 random points, can be successfully fabricated using resin as the printing material. A post-printing micro-CT scan imaging of the fabricated core clearly shows 3D-printed pores (both isolated and connected pores) throughout the core sample. This confirms that 3D-printed pores have adequate quality and that connectivity has been attained throughout the sample.
The other Erregulla discovery, Wagina Sandstone, north Perth Basin
Authors: Wright Matthew , Cortis Anthony , Sloan Aisling , Farley Andrew
Published: May 2023

Although the major focus of exploration within the onshore north Perth Basin and the greater Erregulla area has been the prolific high gas-rate Kingia discoveries, there are additional discoveries being made in sandstones within basal parts of the upper Permian Wagina Sandstone. During the drilling of the most recent of these discoveries at South Erregulla-1, a high-pressure porous interval was encountered within the lower part of the Wagina Sandstone at a depth of 3903 m. The Wagina Sandstone has been enigmatic in the deeper Dandaragan Trough. To date, 10 wells in the Dandaragan Trough have penetrated the entire upper Permian sequence, and all wells show some gas charge. However, nine of the 10 wells contain only minor amounts of mostly low-quality reservoir development. Only the South Erregulla-1 well contains conventional porosity as well as significant amounts of tight gas pay. The mechanism for preserving porosity in the basal Wagina sandstone is different to the early Permian Kingia Sandstone but provides an important and additional gas reservoir in the deepest Wagina penetration in the Perth Basin.
Maximising production from the Gippsland Basin: integrating subsurface datasets across multiple disciplines to increase domestic gas supply
Authors: Fynnaart Adam , Debenham Natalie , Kumaravel Arun , Trump Kieran , Goody Angus
Published: May 2023

The Turrum Field in the offshore Gippsland Basin has been a significant gas contributor since first development in 2004 and remains a keystone gas resource in the basin. Much work continues to be done to both optimally deplete the current accessible reserves, and to evaluate reserves capture opportunities through additional drilling. A multidisciplinary team of geoscientists and reservoir, production and wells engineers was formed to re-evaluate how to maximise production from the Turrum Field. New seismic data, wireline surveillance, production and surface monitoring parameters were integrated with existing geological models. An enhanced understanding of the Turrum reservoir has emerged with a more informed view of future well work requirements for optimal depletion of the field. The integration of this new information along with enhanced seismic over the greater Turrum area has not only helped to optimise production from the existing wells, it is also supporting efforts to evaluate the potential to fund additional opportunities to optimise production from Turrum, increasing current and future gas supply to the domestic market. The key to success for this work was the integration of many disparate subsurface datasets and the willingness to test biases and challenge previous field development recommendations based on new data and ideas.
Mercury in natural gas: delivering accurate reservoir sampling and analysis
Authors: Lawer Janelle , Babadimas John , Bretherton John , van Deijl Bernardus , Harfoushian Jack , Gerard Damien , Toole Brian , Anderson Mark
Published: May 2023

Natural gas is a critical part of the world’s energy supply and plays an important role in the transition to lower-carbon energy sources. The industry’s ability to process natural gas safely and efficiently will continue to rely on an accurate understanding of feed gas composition and contaminants, particularly in enabling future developments via existing infrastructure. Mercury is toxic to organisms, highly volatile and produced from hydrocarbon basins globally. Trace mercury concentrations in the hydrocarbon stream can potentially introduce liquid metal embrittlement hazards to industrial equipment, including cryogenic heat exchangers used to refrigerate liquefied natural gas. Inaccurate measurement of mercury levels can lead to adverse impacts measurable across the areas of health, process safety, environment, operations, waste disposal and decommissioning. Worldwide, significant project cost overruns and processing incidents have resulted from the uncertainty of mercury concentrations in hydrocarbon streams. Successful mercury management ideally begins early in a project’s lifecycle with development decisions informed by accurate measurement of mercury concentrations from reservoirs. Historically, this has been problematic, as mercury contamination and scavenging often result in a large range of uncertainty. The results from a multi-company collaborative study to reduce mercury uncertainty with new downhole sampling techniques will be shared in a case study, including production insights from the Julimar Field, west coast of Australia. The recommendations, procedures and operational best practices discussed will be applicable across the industry and beneficial to any party considering the impact of mercury in the development and processing of natural gas resources.
Development and production review 2022
Authors: Wilkes Martin
Published: May 2023

The Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia (PESA) Year in Review Development and Production review looks back at the oil and gas production and development activities in Australia in 2022, with a look at both the historical context of these activities, and the future implications. With the invasion of Ukraine, increasing inflationary pressures, supply chain problems, the prospect of a global recession looming, the impact of COVID-19 still lingering, and increased activism around climate change issues, sentiment was subdued for most of the year, yet there were still several highlights and events. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) production again hit record high levels although, as expected, Australia lost its position as the top LNG exporting country in the world to the USA. The development of the Scarborough/Pluto 2 LNG project continued, as did the Barossa project, although the latter hit legal and approval hurdles resulting in suspension of drilling activities (which are not expected to impact the overall schedule). Final investment decisions were taken on the further development of the Kipper field in the Gippsland Basin, the Crux project in the Browse Basin and the Walyering project in the Perth Basin. The domestic markets continue to have unique issues with major concerns about gas supply in the East co-existing with stalled developments and falling supply in the Northern Territory in stark contrast to the West, where there is significant development and take-over activity.
Identification of six genomic regions associated with pigment intensity in alpacas
Authors: Gray Naomi , Shah Ishani , Groth David , Munyard Kylie A.
Published: May 2023

Context Currently, there is a growing consumer demand for more ecologically sustainable practices in the textile industry. Fabric dyeing is highly pollutive, and one way to avoid dyeing is to use naturally coloured fibres. Alpacas exhibit a wide range of fleece colours, thereby making them a good source of fibre for sustainable textile production. Our understanding of the colour genetics of alpacas is improving, but there is still no explanation for all the variation seen in alpaca coat colours. Aims To identify a region or regions in the alpaca genome that contribute to differences in pigment intensity. Methods Colorimetric analysis using L*a*b* colourspace of fibre from white and black alpacas, that had been genotyped using the Neogen Australasia alpaca coat colour test, was used to classify the samples into intense and dilute groups for each colour. Illumina short-read genotyping by sequencing of the DNA from these alpacas was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that were subsequently used in a case–control genome-wide association study (GWAS) comparing the extreme dilute and intensely pigmented animals. Key results Intense eumelanic fibre is darker (P = 0.0003), less red (P = 0.004), and more blue (P = 0.001) than is dilute eumelanic fibre. Intense pheomelanic fibre is darker (P = 1 × 10−7), more red (P = 3 × 10−20), and more yellow (P = 2 × 10−6) than is dilute pheomelanic fibre. The GWAS showed six regions of genome-wide significance. After manual inspection of these six regions, the best candidate region was upstream of KITLG, a gene previously associated with pigment intensity in dogs. Conclusions In combination with ASIP genotype, a regulatory mutation in a region upstream of KITLG in alpacas potentially has a major effect on pigment intensity in the species. Implications Successful identification of a marker for pigment intensity will allow breeders to select more precisely for breeding and production animals that will assist them in supplying the desired fibre colours to the textile industry.
Interactions of diet and circadian rhythm to achieve precision nutrition of poultry
Authors: Moss Amy F. , Dao Thi Hiep , Crowley Tamsyn M. , Wilkinson Stuart J.
Published: May 2023

Precision nutrition regimes currently rely on the assumption that broilers will grow in a steady and predictable way on a daily basis, with the continuous deposition of nutrients into muscle or, in the case of laying hens, into an egg. However, it has been observed that this is not the case for egg production, with Ca requirements being aligned with eggshell formation. Recent research has suggested that muscle is also deposited at differing rates over a 24-h cycle. The circadian rhythm synchronises various biological processes to oscillate within a 24-h cycle. Thus, the cyclic nature of body systems should be explored, to determine whether consideration of the circadian rhythm is required for precision nutrition programs, achieving peak efficiency of performance and accurate nutrient requirement recommendations. Recent advances in nutrition have demonstrated the powerful effect of the circadian rhythm on human health and animal growth and production. Therefore, this review discusses recent circadian-rhythm research with relevance to poultry. Specific focus is given to the interaction of the circadian rhythm with diet and dietary nutrients, for the precision nutrition of poultry and optimising production.
Evaluating extinction risk in Tasmania’s vascular flora using rapid IUCN Red List assessments
Authors: Quarmby J. , Kutt A. S. , Dickson C. R. , Hamer R.
Published: May 2023

Context The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List categories and criteria are a widely accepted standard for assessing extinction risk and have been adopted by many countries, including Australia. Tasmania is globally renowned for its biodiversity, and yet very few of its plant species have been evaluated using IUCN criteria, exposing a significant gap in conservation prioritisation. Aims This study aimed to undertake a regional IUCN assessment of Tasmania’s vascular flora and highlight gaps and discrepancies in accepted lists of threatened species. Methods The R package ConR was used to automatically generate preliminary IUCN assessments for 1885 taxa based on Criterion B (geographic range). This was compared to current listing status to identify potentially misaligned or at-risk taxa. Protected areas were incorporated into the analysis, and heatmaps were used to show the distribution of threatened flora in Tasmania based on their preliminary IUCN category. Key results One-third of Tasmania’s vascular flora (570 taxa) were categorised as threatened by ConR, of which only 47% are currently listed under legislation. We identify 301 non-listed taxa that are potentially threatened and can now be prioritised for full IUCN assessments. Taxa categorised as threatened are more likely to occur near cities and towns, often outside of formal protected areas. Conclusion and implications Automated IUCN assessments are a useful means of systematically refining lists of threatened species. The adoption of IUCN categories and criteria is likely to have a substantial effect on current lists of threatened species and could shift the focus of conservation efforts.
A new hard x-ray spectrometer for runaway electron measurements in tokamaks
Authors: Dal Molin A , Nocente M , Dalla Rosa M , Panontin E , Rigamonti D , Tardocchi M , Shevelev A , Khilkevitch E , Iliasova M , Giacomelli L , Gorini G , Perelli Cippo E , D’Isa F , Pautasso G , Papp G , Tardini G , Macusova E , Cerovsky J , Ficker O , Salewski M , Kiptily V
Published: May 2023

Runaway electron gamma-ray detection system, a novel hard x-ray (HXR) spectrometer optimized for bremsstrahlung radiation measurement from runaway electrons in fusion plasmas, has been developed. The detector is based on a 1‘×1’ LaBr3:Ce scintillator crystal coupled with a photomultiplier tube. The system has an energy dynamic range exceeding 20 MeV with an energy resolution of 3% at 661.7 keV. The detector gain is stable even under severe loads, with a gain shift that stays below 3% at HXR counting rates in excess of 1 MCps. The performance of the system enables unprecedented studies of the time-dependent runaway electron energy distribution function, as shown in recent runaway electron physics experiments at the ASDEX Upgrade and COMPASS tokamaks.
Dynamic entanglement for continuous variables in an electric field background
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Li Jin-Xuan , Fan Xiao-Wei , Li Wen-Mei , Huang Xiao-Li , Zeng Hao-Sheng
Published: May 2023

Quantum entanglement is a typical nonclassical correlation. Here, we use this concept to analyze quantum entanglement for continuous variables generated by the Schwinger pair production for constant and pulsed electric fields. An initial two-mode entangled state evolves into a three-mode entangled state through a Gaussian channel of the Schwinger effect, which encodes the information about the Schwinger effect. By detecting the entanglement of the output three-mode state, we obtain the optimal parameters for easier to generate particle–antiparticle pairs. We find that the generated 1 → 2 entanglement is more sensitive to the parameters than the generated 1 → 1 entanglement. Therefore, we should choose the generated 1 → 2 entanglement to extract information. We argue that extracting the optimal parameters from quantum entanglement may guide future experiments.
Injectable cell-laden hydrogels fabricated with cellulose and chitosan nanofibers for bioprinted liver tissues
Authors: Zhang Zilin , Li Qi , Hatakeyama Mayumi , Kitaoka Takuya
Published: May 2023

Bio-based hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) constructs have attracted attention in advanced tissue engineering. Compared with conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, cells grown in 3D scaffolds are expected to demonstrate the inherent behavior of living organisms of cellular spheroids. Herein, we constructed cell-laden nanofiber-based hydrogels in combination with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) and chitosan nanofiber (CsNF) for bioadaptive liver tissue engineering. The carboxylates of TOCNF and amines of CsNF were directly crosslinked via EDC/NHS chemistry. The rheological properties of the solutions for the nanofibers and hydrogels revealed sufficient physical properties for the injection, printing, and plotting process, as well as significant encapsulation of living cells. As-designed hydrogels exhibited excellent viscoelastic properties with typical shear-thinning behavior, and had a storage modulus of 1234 Pa ± 68 Pa, suitable for cell culture. Non-cytotoxicity was confirmed using a live/dead assay with mouse-derived fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells. Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells could be cultured on a gel surface (2D environment) and encapsulated in the gel structure (3D environment), which enabled 10 d growth with high gene expression level of albumin of HepG2 spheroids in the 3D gels. The biodegradable cell-laden hydrogels are expected to mimic the cellular microenvironment and provide potential for bioadaptive 3D cell cultures in biomedical applications.
Light propagation in (
2+1
)-dimensional electrodynamics: the case of nonlinear constitutive laws
Authors: Bittencourt Eduardo , Brandão Elliton O S , Goulart Érico
Published: May 2023

We scrutinize the geometrical properties of light propagation inside a hypothetical nonlinear medium modeled by a fully covariant electromagnetic theory in (

2
+
1

)-dimensions. After setting the local and nonlinear constitutive relations, the phase velocity and the polarization of the waves are derived and three special cases are analyzed in detail. In particular, we show that this version of electromagnetism in low dimensions may present phenomena such as one-way propagation and controlled opacity, among others, for a large class of dielectric and magneto-electric parameters.
In Search of Calcifications : Histologic Analysis and Diagnostic Yield of Stereotactic Core Needle Breast Biopsies
Authors: Yilmaz Fazilet , Hacking Sean M , Donegan Linda , Wang Lijuan , Yakirevich Evgeny , Wang Yihong
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) is used in the diagnostic assessment of suspicious mammographic calcifications to rule out breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). With advances in imaging technology and increased biopsy tissue volume, the detection rate of calcifications and DCIS in SCNB is unclear.

Methods

This retrospective study included 916 consecutive SCNBs for calcifications performed on 893 patients in a 2-year period.

Results

We found the cancer detection rate was 27.1% (DCIS, 23.7%; invasive, 3.4%). The detection rate for calcifications was 74.8% with the standard 3 levels. Additional leveling of calcification-negative cases further increased the detection of both calcifications (to 99.4% of cases) and DCIS (to 32.9% of cases). Lobular neoplasia (LN) was diagnosed in 41 cases. Twenty-five (61.0%) cases of LN were incidental without associated calcification. Of 32 invasive carcinomas detected on SCNB, 87.5% were T1a or less, and calcifications were associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia/DCIS or LCIS. The common benign lesions associated with calcifications were fibrocystic change (32.5%), fibroadenomatous change (30.2%), and columnar cell change and hyperplasia (8.2%).

Conclusions

We determined the up-to-date detection rates of calcification and DCIS in SCNB, as well as the common benign and malignant breast lesions associated with calcifications. Additional levels significantly increase the detection rate when standard levels show only stromal or scant/absent calcifications. Lobular neoplasia is often an incidental finding in SCNB for calcifications. When calcifications are present with LN, they are commonly florid, pleomorphic LCIS, or with concurrent invasive carcinoma.
Race, Urban Heat, and the Aesthetics of Thermoception
Authors: Hsu Hsuan L
Published: May 2023

Drawing on recent research on the intersections of race and atmosphere, this essay considers thermal sensation as a nonrepresentational sensory modality for staging atmospheric racial disparities. I begin with discussions of research on the physical, psychological, and affective consequences of heat exposure and scholarship on the disparities encoded in thermal landscapes—especially “urban heat islands” where Black and Brown communities are disproportionately exposed to extreme temperatures that exacerbate preexisting health vulnerabilities. I consider a range of literary and cultural works by Nella Larsen, Chester Himes, and Spike Lee that represent the physical and affective implications of thermal disparities, and conclude with an extended discussion of the nonrepresentational, embodied affordances of thermal sensation in Rashid Johnson’s restaging of LeRoi Jones’s Dutchman in a Manhattan sauna.What kinds of knowledge and affective involvement might be afforded by a direct, nonrepresentational aesthetics of thermoception? . . . How might an immersive aesthetics of thermoception sensitize audiences to the spatial and atmospheric dynamics of racialization?
Exporting Expertise
Authors: James David
Published: May 2023

Literary scholars are understandably keen nowadays to compensate for institutional vulnerability by asserting the field’s indispensability. But they haven’t stopped there. Critics are positioning themselves at the metacritical epicenter of solutions to crises in the humanities at large. Is this a mark of extradisciplinary generosity, a selfless imparting of reformist know-how? Or is the appetite for standing at the heart of cross-disciplinary rejuvenation the latest installment in literary studies’ longstanding enchantment with its own transformative potentiality, reaffirming its unflagging belief in the capacity to matter beyond the shared lexicons and methodological precincts of its own constituents? Provoking these questions, Michael W. Clune’s A Defense of Judgment (2021) and Eric Hayot’s Humanist Reason (2021) offer audacious propositions for revivifying the way we articulate the value of connecting aesthetic experiences and humanist literacies to the production of knowledge. To achieve this, they depend on certain generalizations about the collective behaviors and inclinations that have shaped literary and cultural studies’ fortunes, generalizations that allow them to ascertain not only how aesthetic education and humanist reason, respectively, might contribute to the humanities’ durability, but also how scholars might export their critical and pedagogical expertise far beyond the boundaries of their own discipline.[These] books demonstrate in revealing ways the stakes of literary critics positioning themselves at the source—as the source?—from which urgent arguments flow about the utility and exportability of expertise, about the moral and political valences of critical writing, and about the value of getting a humanist education.