bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autos vicentinos: edição e reedições/ Vicentian Autos: editions and reissues
Authors: Pinheiro Elizangela
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Esta investigação apresenta um estudo sistemático das peças de “natureza profana” de Gil Vicente, considerando a pluralidade das edições atualizadas das obras de Gil Vicente, constituindo seu legado para as reedições modernas. São autos que contribuem com o teatro e que, no entanto, recorrem à força atrativa na corte joanina. Não obstante a censura da Real Mesa Censória que impedia a publicação na íntegra de tais peças, nota-se que há um discurso persuasivo embutido do legado vicentino no interior delas. Constatamos isto nas reedições feitas após 1562 das 44 das peças reunidas em compilação e que constituíram o escopo de outra investigação nossa, no âmbito do doutoramento realizado na Universidade do Porto, onde foi feito um inventário de autos, comédias, tragicomédias e farsas como comprovação de um percurso primário, uma vez que ninguém o fez. O objetivo foi selecionar 76 peças de autos reeditados no mercado português e brasileiro para investigar o trânsito e a atualização do gênero de daqui para lá. Revisamos o Estado da arte com Carolina Michaëlis, Maria Leonor Garcia da Cruz, Osório Mateus, José Augusto Cardoso Bernardes. Chegamos a conclusão de que este mercado editorial imprime obras não só para a academia, mas também para o liceu em ambos países. E essa circulação foi imprescindível para a manutenção e as transformações dos autos tais como o conhecemos hoje.Palavras-chave: Autos; Gil Vicente, Portugal; Brasil.Abstract: This work shows a systematic study of Gil Vicente’s “profane nature” plays, considering the plurality of updated editions of Gil Vicente’s works, constituting his legacy for modern reissues. These are plays that contribute to the theater and yet have an attractive force in the Johannine court. Nevertheless, the censorship of the Royal Censorship Board, which prevented the publication in full of such plays, corrected and persuasively staged plays of the Vicentine legacy. We can see this in the reeditions made after 1562 of the 44 plays that were compiled and that were the scope of another of our researches, in the scope of a doctorate carried out at the University of Porto, where an inventory of autos, comedies, tragicomedies and farces was made as proof of a primary course, since no one had done it. The goal was to select 76 plays of autos reissued in the Portuguese and Brazilian markets to investigate the transit and updating of the genre from here to there. We reviewed the state of the art with Carolina Michaëlis, Maria Leonor Garcia da Cruz, Osório Mateus, and José Augusto Cardoso Bernardes. We came to the conclusion that this publishing market prints works not only for the academy, but also for high school in both countries. And this circulation was indispensable for the maintenance and transformation of the autos as we know it today.Keywords: reedition; Gil Vicente; Portugal and Brazil.
PESSOA, Fernando. Sobre a heteronímia. Edição de Fernando Cabral Martins e Richard Zenith. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim, 2022.
Authors: Ribeiro Nuno
Published: November 2022

Resenha da edição: PESSOA, Fernando. Sobre a heteronímia. Edição de Fernando Cabral Martins e Richard Zenith. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim, 2022.
Normative Evolution of Gender-Based Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Seyed Norani Ali
Published: November 2022

This article traces the history of gender-based crimes against humanity, examining the process by which the International Criminal Court came to recognize this specific category as differentiating from existing sexual crimes. Focusing on the prominent case of former Lord’s Resistance Army commander Dominic Ongwen, various perspectives across international law are explored in order to understand the justification for creating new charges addressing gender-based crimes, such as forced marriage. Considering the recent conviction of Mr. Ongwen in 2021, this 2020 article provides excellent insight into the current paradigm shift occurring within international law concerning the prosecution of gender-based crimes against humanity.
Pembentukan Stereotipe Terhadap Lelaki Gemuk dalam Iklan Axis
Authors: Arif Muhammad Nur , Flemino Daffa Tabris , Kurniawan Muammar Syahdan
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini membahas stereotype lelaki gemuk dalam Iklan Axis. Representasi menjadi konsep penting dalam kajian tentang tanda, termasuk di dalamnya adalah kajian tentang tanda yang dihadirkan oleh iklan. Melalui salah satu kajian tentang representasi dalam iklan, kita dapat melakukan kajian tentang hegemoni dari kelas berkuasa terhadap kelas yang lain. Stereotype adalah persepsi   atau kepercayaan  yang  dianut  mengenai  kelompok  atau individu berdasarkan pendapat dan sikap yang lebih dulu  terbentuk. Stereotype sebagai representasi terang- terangan namun sederhana yang mereduksi orang menjadi serangkaian ciri karakter yang dibesar-besarkan, dan biasanya bersifat negatif , baik secara historis dan budaya, antara masyarakat dan antara pengelompokan pria yang berbeda dalam satu masyarakat. Dalam mendapatkan jawaban rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini, kami menggunakan metode penelitian semiotika. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa hal tersebut dikarenakan pandangan konsumen yang lebih tertarik dengan lelaki berpostur tubuh ideal. Pada iklan AXIS versi HAP, digambarkan bagaimana sulitnya, ataupun dianggap rendah menjadi lelaki yang tidak memiliki postur tubuh ideal.
Representasi Domestifikasi Peran Ibu dalam Iklan Nutella Mummypedia
Authors: Salama Fadiya Anzar , Putri Anjani Rosadiyank Vioctabella , Anindya Najmasheila
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui representasi domestifikasi peran ibu dalam iklan Nutella Mummypedia dimana ditampilkan bahwa yang berperan mengurus anak adalah perempuan sebagai seorang ibu. Jika kita perhatikan secara nyata peran untuk mengurus anak tidak hanya bisa dilakukan oleh seorang ibu atau perempuan. Domestifikasi perempuan seringkali dipahami atau digambarkan sebagai pengurus rumah tangga, atau di Bahasa Inggirs sering disebut dengan housewifization. Dimana maksudnya peran perempuan hanyalah sebatas soal rumah tangga saja. Kami berusaha melakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji tanda mengenai Representasi Domestifikasi Peran Ibu dalam Iklan Nutella Mummypedia menggunakan metode semiotika yang dikembangkan oleh Roland Barthes. Setelah mengkaji Iklan Nutella Mummypedia, kami memperoleh hasil bahwa peran ibu yang digambarkan dalam masyarakat memang secara sekilas terlihat lumrah dan biasa dimana dikonsepkan di dalam rumah tangga. Di dalam sebuah iklan tidak hanya menyampaikan informasi tentang produk atau jasa yang ditawarkan, tetapi iklan juga dapat merepresentasikan budaya, gaya hidup, dan pandangan masyarakat. Seperti dalam iklan Nutella edisi Mummypedia dimana selain mempromosikan Nutella itu sendiri, di dalam iklan ini juga merepresentasikan peran seorang ibu dalam melakukan tugasnya sebagai ibu rumah tangga.
Eksploitasi Tubuh Perempuan dalam Iklan Obat Perkasa Versi Miss Lorenxo
Authors: Muslimah Tasya Arda , Putra Pramadhana Syah , Deinarvi Taffadona Nafsa
Published: November 2022

Eksploitasi terhadap kaum perempuan saat ini muncul dalam iklan sehingga membentuk standar perempuan yang ideal, melalui sarana media massa. Saat ini media massa memiliki peran yang ganda, jika dianalogikan uang koin dengan dua sisi yang berbeda, disatu sisi media berfungsi sebagai sarana pencerdasan untuk kemajuan bangsa, namun satu sisi lain juga media berperan sebagai penindasan dalam mendapatkan keuntungan kaum kapitalis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis iklan obat perkasa Miss Lorenxo yang dalam iklannya mengeksploitasi bagian tubuh dari perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis semotika Roland Barthes. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati tanda-tanda yang ada pada gambar iklan di media social Instagram Miss Lorenxo. Hasil yang kami peroleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa perempuan menjadi sasaran eksploitasi fisik dan menjadi tontonan bahkan fantasi laki-laki. Dalam iklan ini, perempuan digambarkan sebagai salah satu bahan yang digunakan untuk memuaskan laki-laki dan menjadi orang yang rentan. Iklan ini menganggap tubuh perempuan yang menjadi model iklan tersebut sedang dieksploitasi. Selain itu, wanita ideal adalah yang memiliki wajah cantik, kulit putih, payudara kencang, dan lekuk tubuh seksi.
Stereotype dan Marjinalisasi Perempuan dalam Iklan Akulaku
Authors: Haq Abiyyu , Setiawan Muhammad , Pradana Ryo
Published: November 2022

Iklan Akulaku edisi 2017 merupakan iklan yang menceritakan peran laki laki dan perempuan dalam keluarga. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesetaraan antara laki laki dan perempuan dalam sebuah keluarga. Marjinalisasi yang terjadi pada perempuan tak lepas dari tugas dan kewajiban masing masing dalam keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini bagaimana kesetaraan peran keluarga antara laki laki dan perempuan dalam iklan Akulaku ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori marjinalisasi dan stereotype dengan menggunakan metode semiotika mengenai kelompok yang berkuasa atau berkuasa maupun kelompok yang tertindas atau minoritas. Analisis ini digunakan untuk menganalisis dari beberapa bagian adegan iklan Akulaku mengenai peranan laki laki dan perempuan dalam sebuah keluarga. Hasil dari analisis tersebut, laki laki memiliki kuasa yang paling dominan dan perempuan sebagai minoritas yang hanya bergantung kepada laki laki dalam keluarga.
Menolak Stereotip, Representasi Kecantikan Perempuan pada Iklan Produk Kecantikan Skin Game
Authors: Pratama Hanif Indhie , Tabrani Mohammad Febry , Khoirun Ilham Malul
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara Skingameofficial menawarkan produk kecantikan menggunakan metode semiotika. Pada zaman sekarang, penampilan merupakan salah satu kunci dari feminitas. Perempuan diharuskan terlihat cantik untuk menjadi perempuan yang diinginkan oleh orang lain. Bagian tubuh perempuan yang menjadi sorotan publik adalah wajah dan tubuh. Sehingga bagian tersebut biasanya menampilkan kecantikan dari perempuan ideal. Hal tersebut berbeda dengan iklan produk kecantikan untuk perempuan pada umumnya yang menampilkan model perempuan yang memiliki kulit putih, mulus, dan halus, memiliki rambut hitam dan tubuh yang kurus. Selain itu, iklan ini memberi pesan kepada perempuan untuk tetap bersyukur dan percaya diri dengan dirinya sendiri, dengan keadaan tubuhnya sendiri yang telah diberikan oleh tuhan.
Cryptocurrency as a Digital Property in Indonesian Law Perspective
Authors: Bintarto Muhammad Al Ikhwan
Published: November 2022

Cryptocurrency is the result of technological developments. The first cryptocurrency is bitcoin, introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto as a decentralized digital currency with a safe haven. Then over time, some countries recognized cryptocurrency as property are Netherlands, China, and others. Indonesia has classified cryptocurrency as a commodity. This study will discuss the legal views of property in Indonesian law regarding cryptocurrency. This study analyzed cryptocurrencies according to the material elements in Indonesian law, considering the classification of cryptocurrencies as commodities in Indonesia. This research applied a normative method with a statutory approach through primary and secondary legal materials, analyzed by descriptive analysis. This research found several material aspects in KUH Perdata that could be fulfilled in cryptocurrency. Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions article 1 paragraph 2 mentions that Electronic transactions are legal acts carried out using a computer, computer network, or other media.
Impacto e Influência na Empregabilidade do Egresso de uma Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas a Distância
Authors: Pereira Lí­via Maria Galdino , Araújo Mayara Setúbal Oliveira , Nascimento Renata Vieira do , Pereira Vanessa Alves , Pantoja Lydia Dayanne Maia , Paixão Germana Costa
Published: November 2022

As instituições de ensino devem acompanhar a trajetória profissional dos graduados para aferir a eficácia e refletir sobre a implementação de políticas e estratégias de melhoria da qualidade do ensino. Dentro desse contexto, objetivou-se investigar o impacto e a influência na empregabilidade do egresso de um curso de Ciências Biológicas a distância de quatro polos do interior do Estado do Ceará. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e de abordagem quali-quantitativa, que usou um questionário semiestruturado com 58 questões. Participaram da pesquisa 77 egressos do universo de 117 que concluíram o curso, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino com idade entre 21 e 58 anos. 65,0% afirmaram que o curso influenciou na conquista do emprego. De 9 docentes ao ingressar no curso, culminou com 42 docentes entre os egressos, especialmente em instituições públicas, entretanto, 64,0% não exercem suas atividades na área de Ciências e Biologia. Para os egressos através do curso foi possível desenvolver habilidades que puderam oportunizá-los a obter um emprego. Por fim, constatou-se que os egressos foram assimilados pelo mercado de trabalho de seus municípios, em especial na função de professor, sendo necessário monitorar o fato da maioria não estar atuando na área de Ciências e Biologia.

Palavras-chave: Mercado de trabalho. Educação a distância. Graduação.
Natural Occurrence of Major Mycotoxins across the Ginger Value Chain in Nigeria
Authors: Negedu. A. , Apeh D.O. , Ogara I.M. , Iyadi C.V. , Owoloja M. , Ibrahim U.T. , Onoja V.O. , Makun H.A.
Published: November 2022

Background: Ginger which serves as both spices and medicine is susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. This research determined the incidence of major mycotoxins, including Aflatoxins (AFs), Ochratoxin A (OTA), and Fumonisins (FBs) in Nigerian ginger sampled from two main ginger producing states of Nigeria.Methods: Totally, 105 ginger samples were collected including freshly harvested and dried sliced forms. These samples were collected randomly across five stations; farms, aggregating points, processing points, open markets, and storage facilities during the rainy season in June, 2019. The samples were analysed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and read by a microplate reader.Results: Incidence of the studied mycotoxins was 80.9, 68.6, and 90.5% for AFs, OTA, and FBs, respectively. While there were low levels of OTA and FBs across the various sample forms. Mean concentrations of AFs were 1.77±1.86 µg/kg (0.00-8.68) and 6.46±6.71 µg/kg (0.00-36.72) in fresh and dried ginger samples, respectively. The results revealed higher levels of AF in storage samples (9.04±10.72 µg/kg) and market samples (4.05±4.41 µg/kg) compared to other samples. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the level of contamination across the sample sources.Conclusion: Freshly harvested ginger samples were less contaminated than dried ginger. Among the studied toxins, AF was found as a potential health concern in Nigerian ginger.
Comparison of ELISA and PCR Assays for Detection of Pork Adulteration in Halal-Labelled Beef Products
Authors: Aprilia P. , Ummami R. , Airin C.M. , Aziz F. , Astuti P.
Published: November 2022

Background: Food adulteration with pork in processed beef products is one of the most serious issues in a food sector in a Muslim-majority country since it is related to religious food ethics regarding the halal products. The goal of this research is to test the suitability of ingredients in beef floss and its Halal by knowing the presence of porkDNA and  protein in those products.
Methods: Meat products were prepared from two famous marketplaces in Indonesia labeled contain beef meat. In this study, a qualitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was compared to a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay to determine pork adulteration in beef floss.
Results: The results of the ELISA test showed that two products labeling Halal and containing beef ingredients were positive for pork. Those two samples continued testing using conventional PCR assay. The result of the conventional PCR assay was negative for those two samples.
Conclusion: It may be helpful to utilize both traditional PCR and ELISA for species detection due to the possibly inhibiting compounds contained in some processed meat products. The results of this research suggest that ELISA is better than conventional PCR method for product samples that have received an intensive heating process.
Sophia – God’s wisdom. Quality, energy or separate divine person in the theology of the eastern church (to the 15th century)
Authors: Brzozowska Zofia
Published: November 2022

The representation of Sophia – personified God’s Wisdom, based on the text of old-testament Sapiental Books, took quite an important place in the spiritual culture of Byzantium. What should be noted is the Empire inhabitants’ striving to identify Wisdom with one of the persons of Trinity. A vast majority of the Church Fathers and later East Christian thinkers inclined towards christological interpretation of Sophian images. The Second Hypostasis – the Word Incarnate, was identified with Sophia by Justin Martyr, Athenagoras of Athens, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Methodius of Olympus, Eusebius of Caesarea, Cyril of Jerusalem, Athanasius of Alexandria, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa, Cyril of Alexandria, Theodoret of Cyrus, Anastasius of Sinai, Patriarch Germanus of Constantinople, St. Theodore of Stoudios, Symeon the Metaphrast, St. Simeon the New Theologian, and Philotheos Kokkinos – author of three extensive educational works devoted to Sapiental metaphors, presented in the Book of Proverbs. Several other apologists preferred to identify God’s Wisdom with the Holy Spirit (Theophilus of Antioch, Irenaeus of Lyons, Paul of Samosata). At the same time in the Byzantine theology emerged a completely abstract interpretation of Sophia, based on the views of Saint Basil the Great, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and Maximus the Confessor. Its highlight was to be a theory, proposed by Gregory Palamas in the fourteenth century, according to which Sophia should be understood primarily as one of the uncreated energies of God.
On the Application of Noiseless Steganography and Elliptic Curves Cryptography Digital Signature Algorithm Methods in Securing Text Messages
Authors: Juhari Juhari , Andrean Mohamad Febry
Published: November 2022

Elliptic curve cryptography includes symmetric key cryptography systems that base their security on mathematical problems of elliptic curves. There are several ways that can be used to define the elliptic curve equation that depends on the infinite field used, one of which is the infinite field prima (  where ). Elliptic curve cryptography can be used for multiple protocol purposes, digital signatures, and encryption schemes.The purpose of this study is to determine the process of hiding encrypted messages using the Noiseless Steganography method  as well as the generation of private keys and public keys and the process of verifying the validity of the Elliptic Curves Cryptography Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA).  The result of this thesis is that a line graph is obtained that store or hides a message using the steganography method and a message authenticity from the process of key generation and verification of validity using the ECDSA method. By selecting three samples consisting of one test sample and two differentiating samples, a line graph,  an MD5 hash value, and a value at the point are obtained  different. Successively obtained values  to message “Matematika 2018”, “MATEMATIKA 2018”, and “2018 matematika” are and . The discussion in this thesis only covers the elliptic curves on prime finite field. So, for the next thesis, the next researcher can do a discussion about the elliptic curve on the finite field  or the application of elliptic curve cryptography and other steganographic methods
Coverage and Framing of Emerging STI and STEM by Four Major Nigerian Newspapers and Implications for National Development
Authors: Batta Herbert E. , Ekeanyanwu Nnamdi T. , Obot Charles D. , Nda Iniobong C.
Published: November 2022

In Nigeria, there is a gross deficit of empirical research on emerging Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) content in the media. This paper focuses on investigating four prominent newspapers in Nigeria to ascertain the extent to which Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and emerging STI are covered and framed. We posed research questions covering reportage, sourcing, framing, and implications. The methodology involved content/framing analysis of Daily Trust, Leadership, The Guardian, and The Punch newspapers. A census sampling of 728 newspaper issues was conducted covering a period of six months spanning between December 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. The results indicate a near zero coverage of emerging STI in the four dailies. Other results show that of the eight areas of STEM examined, medical/health sciences (48%), agricultural sciences (24%), and ICTs/engineering (19%) received more coverage. Earth/environmental sciences, physical and chemical sciences, marine, space, and mathematical sciences were accorded near zero coverage. On sourcing of STEM stories in the four dailies, 54% was sourced in-house by the journalists, 33% came from national STI institutions, while 13% was obtained from foreign and internet sources. On framing, 42% STEM stories were framed in terms of health, risk, and safety; 39% in economic and political frame; while academic, environmental, ethical and “other” frames scored between 7% and below. The conclusion of the study is that newspaper coverage of emerging STI was near zero reflecting and projecting the dismal status of emerging STI in Nigeria while the coverage and framing of STEM depicted the media agenda of concentration on medical, agricultural, and ICT endeavours to the neglect of others. Deeper coverage and broader framing of emerging STI are germane to national development.
Apport de la Fracturation et des Méthodes d’analyses Statistiques à l’etude Hydrogéochimique des Eaux Souterraines du Massif Calcareux de la Région de Tlata Taghramt, Chaîne Calcaire du Haouz (Rif Septentrional, Maroc)
Authors: Barhi Hassan , Stitou El Messari Jamal Eddine , Oulad Mansour Mohamed Reda
Published: November 2022

L’objectif de cette étude vise à établir les caractéristiques hydrogéologiques et hydrochimiques des eaux souterraines des formations carbonatées de la région de Tlata Taghramt. Au total, 16 échantillons d'eau ont été prélevés pour l’analyse chimique. Le traitement des données hydrochimiques a été réalisé à l'aide de diagrammes de Piper, les indices de saturation en minéraux et à base des méthodes d’analyses statistiques. Les paramètres physiques tels que la conductivité électrique, le potentiel hydrogène et les températures ont été mesurés sur le terrain à savoir que : la conductivité électrique varie entre 403μS/cm et 925μS/cm, le potentiel hydrogène varie entre 7.55 et 8.04 et les températures varient entre 15°C et 18°C. L'analyse hydrochimique montre une abondance en éléments majeurs (Anions et Cations) respectivement par ordre décroissant : (HCO3-> Cl- > SO42- > NO3-) et (Ca2+ > Mg2+ >Na+ > K+). Les bicarbonates représentent 70% du total des anions, tandis que le calcium représente 12% du total des cations. Cet enrichissement en ces deux éléments traduit la nature carbonatée des formations géologiques traversées par les eaux souterraines ainsi l'interaction de l'eau avec la matrice du système aquifère. L'étude de la fracturation indique une dominance de fractures orientées N-S favorisant l’apparition des sources via les joints et les sutures affectant les roches réservoirs. De point de vue chimique, les eaux des sources ont une nature généralement bicarbonatée calcique et magnésienne.

 

This study aims to establish the hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater of carbonate rocks in the Tlata Taghramt region. A total of 16 water samples were collected for chemical analysis. Hydrochemical data processing was carried out using Piper diagrams, mineral saturation indices and statistical analysis methods. Physical parameters such as Electrical Conductivity, PH and Temperatures were measured in the field. The EC varies between 403μS/cm and 925μS/cm, the PH varies between 7.55 and 8.04 and the temperatures vary between 15°C and 18°C. Hydrochemical analysis shows an abundance of major elements (Anions and Cations) respectively in descending order: (HCO3-> Cl- > SO42- > NO3-) and (Ca2+ > Mg2+ >Na+ > K+). Bicarbonates account for 70% of total anions, while calcium accounts for 12% of total cations. This enrichment in these two elements reflects the carbonate nature of the geological formations crossed by the groundwater and the interaction of water with the aquifer system matrix. The study of fracturing indicates a dominance of N-S oriented fractures favoring the appearance of sources via joints and sutures affecting reservoir rocks. From a chemical point of view, spring waters have a calcium and magnesium bicarbonate-type facies.
Purification of Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme and Investigation of Its Immobilization with Glutaraldehyde
Authors: KAYA Yeşim , ISIK Semra , UZUNOGLU Serap , KAYA Mustafa Oğuzhan
Published: November 2022

In this study, the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography technique using Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-4-aminobenzamidine gel and its immobilization with glutaraldehyde was investigated. Using ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity gel, xanthine oxidase was purified 643.04-fold in an 11.5% yield. The purity of the enzyme was checked by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single band around 150 kDa was observed. KM (the Michaelis constant) and VMax (the asymptotic reaction velocity at infinite substrate concentration) of the enzyme were determined at 1.67x10-4 M and 0.56 U/mL.min respectively by using a xanthine compound as a substrate. The in vitro effects of NH4F, NH4Cl, CaCl2, ZnCl2, HgCl2, Hg(NO3)2.H2O compounds and commercially named colchicum dispert, commonly used in the treatment of gout disease in the clinic, were investigated. The IC50 values of compounds showing inhibition effects were determined. Afterward, XO was immobilized with glutaraldehyde. The highest XO activity was observed in the sample of the immobilized enzyme at a rate of 6% glutaraldehyde. The kinetic constants (KM and VMax) of the immobilized enzyme were determined as 5.18x10-4 M and 0.73 U mL-1 min-1 respectively. These values revealed that the catalytic activity of the free enzyme was higher than the immobilized enzyme.
Effect of Bacterial Inoculation on Morphological and Pomological Characteristics of Three Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Cultivars Under Cadmium Toxicity
Authors: ŞAHİN Murat , PIRLAK Lütfi
Published: November 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main elements that cause heavy metal pollution, which is one of the important types of environmental pollution. There is a constant quest to reduce or eliminate the effects of Cd pollution. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of these possible solutions. PGPRs not only increase plant growth but also protect plants against organic and inorganic stresses. In this study, the effects of three different Pseudomonas strains (MS-7, MS-12, and MS-13) on morphological and pomological characteristics of three different strawberry cultivars (Rubygem, Kabarla, and YFL) exposed to three different Cd doses (0, 100 and 300 mg kg-1) were investigated to determine the effectiveness of PGPR against Cd toxicity in strawberry. To this end, root collar diameter (RCD), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), shot fresh weight (SFW), shot dry weight (SDW), leaf area (LA), mean fruit weight (MFW), mean fruit length (MFL), and mean fruit diameter (MFD) were examined. It was observed that the effects of different Pseudomonas strains were cultivar-specific and affected some parameters more. Rubygem MS-7 bacterial strain preserved SDW (3.21 g) and MS-12 bacterial strain preserved RFW (13.01 g) at 300 mg kg-1 Cd dose significantly better against Cd toxicity than other bacterial strains. In Kabarla MS-7 bacterial strain preserved RDW (3.72 g) at 300 mg kg-1 Cd dose and MS-12 bacterial strain preserved SFW (15.27 g) at 100 mg kg-1 Cd dose significantly better against Cd toxicity than other bacterial strains. Likewise, in YFL, MS-13 bacterial strains preserved MFW (7.509 g) and RL (30.00 cm) at 300 mg kg-1 Cd dose, and MS-7 bacterial strain preserved LA (57.87 cm2) at 100 mg kg-1 Cd dose significantly better against Cd toxicity than other bacterial strains. The results of the study showed that formulations containing Pseudomonas sp. can be used as an agricultural improver in areas with heavy metal pollution. As a result of the study, it was observed that PGPR applications were effective in preserving the morphological and pomological characteristics that decreased with the increase in Cd dose.
Evsel Ambalaj Atıklarının Geri Dönüşümü Konusunda Tüketicilerin Tutum ve Davranışları: Samsun İli Örneği, Türkiye
Authors: KILIÇ Osman , AYDIN ERYILMAZ Gamze
Published: November 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, Samsun ili kentsel alanda ikamet eden tüketicilerin evsel ambalaj atıklarının değerlendirilmesi konusundaki tutum ve davranışlarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma verilerini 384 tüketiciyle yapılan anketler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, tüketicilerin % 60.2’si geri dönüşüm konusunda toplumsal düzeyde bilinçlenmenin henüz oluşmadığını düşünmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, geri dönüşüm konusunda toplumsal düzeyde bilinçlenmeye ulaşmada, ilk adımı bireysel bilinçlenmenin oluşturduğuna katılanların toplamı % 87 gibi büyük bir oranı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada tespit edilen en belirgin tüketici tutumu, geri dönüşüm için daha fazla çaba gösterilmesi gerektiğidir (4.33). Geri dönüşüm konusunda önemli tüketici davranışları ise; çevreyi kirleten ambalajlı ürün satın almama (3.88), geri dönüşüm konusunda aile ve arkadaşları uyarma (3.81) ve tanımadığı kişilerin çevreye zarar veren davranışlarına tepki gösterme (3.74) şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Tüketicilerin geri dönüşüm konusunda bilinçlendirilmesinde temel hedef, evsel ambalaj atıklarının kısa sürede ve düşük maliyetle geri dönüşüme kazandırılması olmalıdır. Ancak atıkların insan sağlığı ve çevreye vereceği zararları önlemede, tüketicilerle birlikte üretici firmalara ve yetkili kurumlara önemli görevler düşmektedir. Evsel ambalaj atıklarının geri dönüşümü konusunda toplumsal düzeyde oluşacak bilinçlenme sayesinde, atıkların insan ve çevreye vereceği zararlar minimize edileceği gibi, kaynak israfı önleneceğinden ekonomik açıdan da önemli miktarda katma değer artışı sağlanmış olacaktır.
Secondary School Students' Views About Distance Education Experiences and Lessons in the COVID-19 Period in Turkey
Authors: BAHÇEKAPILI Ekrem
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the experiences and views of secondary school students about distance education in the COVID-19 period in Turkey. The study, which was conducted through the survey method, consisted of 2889 secondary school students. The results of the study indicated that students usually attend distance education courses with the help of their smart phones, spend an average of 7 hours or more a day for synchronous online lessons, and spend an hour for outside study time. In addition, most of the students stated that a maximum of 5 synchronous online lessons in a day is sufficient; the duration of the lessons is supposed to last 30 minutes; and the breaks between lessons are required to be 15 minutes. The results indicated male and female students shared a similar opinion. There was no difference in the results obtained between male and female students. The study should help us evaluate the distance education process, which is an important part of our lives, and figure out what the students' needs are.
MAKNA ALAT BUKTI TIDAK LANGSUNG DALAM PEMBUKTIAN PERKARA KARTEL
Authors: Widiyanti Ikarini Dani , Ramadhanti Nony Aulia , Puspaningrum Galuh
Published: November 2022

Dalam pembuktian terjadinya kartel haruslah memenuhi setiap unsur pasal sebagaimana ada dalam ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. Namun kartel sering kali dilakukan secara diam-diam oleh pelaku usaha, sehingga KPPU membutuhkan keberadaan indirect evidence. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Apakah keterkaitan penerapan Indirect Evidence dalam pembuktian perkara kartel, dan 2) Apa pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam menerapkan Indirect Evidence pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1495 K/Pdt.Sus- KPPU/2017 sesuai dengan ketentuan undang-undang yang berlaku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pembuktian menggunakan indirect evidence jauh lebih efektif dalam mengungkap sindikat kartel yang dilakukan oleh para pelaku usaha yang berafiliasi, hal ini dapat dilihat melalui putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 1495 K/Pdt.sus-KPPU/2017.
URGENSI PENYERAGAMAN KEBIJAKAN COD PADA MARKETPLACE INDONESIA DEMI MEWUJUDKAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM
Authors: Pardede Grace Evelyn , Sujanto Ferdinand
Published: November 2022

The rapid development of technology has turned sales purchase transactions into modern mechanisms. Cash on Delivery (COD) is one of the best choice of mechanisms for people to sale and purchase. However, various problems arising from the COD mechanism are continuing to occur in Indonesia, ranging from the causes of incompatibility of goods to the lack of understanding of the COD itself in each Indonesia’s marketplace. These create new legal consequence, in this case the uncertainty of the rights and obligations of the courier that injured the courier in question. The absence of conclusive legal protection regarding the COD transactions makes the parties both physically and psychologically threatened. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the urgency of the COD policy unification in Indonesia’s marketplace in order to manifest legal protection for the parties. This research used normative juridical method. Furthermore, this research applied the conceptual and statute approach as well as comparative legal study. This study shows that there is a legal gap related to the COD mechanism in the marketplace in Indonesia. The existence of legal gap affects the absence of the unification of the COD mechanism policies in Indonesia. Thus, it can be ascertained that the legal protection of the parties involved in a marketplace is of paramount importance, particularly in the COD mechanism implementation. The said legal protection for the parties would be realized by the policy unification.
KNOWLEDGE DEFICIT ABOUT DIETARY NEED IN FAMILIES WITH GOUT ARTHRITIS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Wijayanti Endah Sri , Iswatun Iswatun , Sairozi Ali , Lestari Feby Diah , Lutfiandini Cherlys Tin
Published: November 2022

Introduction: At this time, people with gout arthritis are not only found in the elderly because lifestyles that pay less attention to their health also have a risk of increased uric acid levels in the blood. Gout arthritis is a joint disease caused by increased uric acid levels in the blood, causing several problems. One of the causes of gout is the patient's lack of knowledge about the rules of the gout arthritis diet. The purpose of this study was to carry out family nursing care with a deficiency of understanding of case gout arthritis in Balungtawun Village, Sukodadi District of Lamongan Regency. Methods: The research method used is case study research. The research subjects used five respondents from five family members who had gouty arthritis with knowledge deficit problems in Balungtawun Village, Sukodadi District of Lamongan Regency, using a family nursing process approach. The data was collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed by comparing the theory with cases. Results: The results of the case studies were analyzed, and it was found that there was a match in the process of assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. Meanwhile, there are gaps in implementation that are not by the planned intervention. Conclusions: It is expected that families and patients can apply the proper diet for gout arthritis to reduce recurrence and uric acid levels in the patient's blood.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF HAND WASHING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS DIARRHEA CASES IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
Authors: Ade Nuraeni  , Rosiah Rosiah , Megga Putri Kemala Supendi  , Adhan Efendi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Hand washing is one of the current clean and healthy living behaviours that is a world concern. The problem of bad-hand washing behaviour not only occurs in developing countries but also in developed countries where most people still forget the importance of washing hands. The prevalence of diarrhoea among children aged 5-14 years reaches 182.338 (6.2%). The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between hand-washing behaviour and cases of diarrhoea in school-age children at Angkasa 2 Elementary School. Methods: This research method is quantitative, with a descriptive correlation research design, and uses a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 63 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Data collection used questionnaires and observation sheets, analyzing data using a Chi-square test. Results: 73.01% of respondents had good hand-washing behaviour, while 26.98% had less hand-washing behaviour. Then, the respondents with good diarrhoea cases were 69.84%, and those with fewer diarrhoea cases were 30.15%. The statistical test showed a relationship between the variables of hand-washing behaviour with cases of diarrhoea (p =<0.001). Conclusions: There is a relationship between hand-washing behaviour and cases of diarrhoea in school-age children at Angkasa 2 elementary school. Hand washing is the most important basic technique in preventing and controlling the transmission of diarrheal diseases. It is necessary to have good facilities and knowledge about hand-washing, and the delivery of messages must be done recur so that understanding can align with these behavioural practices.
SCAND1 Reverts EMT and Suppresses Tumor Growth and Collective Migration
Authors: Eguchi Takanori , Csizmadia Eva , Prince Thomas L. , Wegiel Barbara , Calderwood Stuart K.
Published: November 2022

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible cellular program that transiently places epithelial (E) cells into pseudo-mesenchymal (M) cell states. The malignant progression and resistance of many types of carcinomas depends on EMT activation, partial EMT and hybrid E/M status in neoplastic cells. EMT is activated by tumor microenvironmental TGFβ signal and EMT-inducing transcription factors, such as ZEB1/2 in tumor cells. However, reverse EMT factors are less studied. We demonstrate that transcription factor SCAND1 can revert mesenchymal and hybrid E/M phenotype of cancer cells to a more epithelial, less invasive status and inhibit their proliferation and migration. SCAND1 is a SCAN domain-containing protein and hetero-oligomerizes with SCAN-zinc finger transcription factors, such as MZF1, for accessing DNA and transcriptional co-repression of target genes. We found that SCAND1-MZF1 co-expression and interaction correlated with maintaining epithelial features, whereas the simultaneous loss of SCAND1 and MZF1 correlated with mesenchymal features of tumor cells. Overexpression of SCAND1 over endogenous MZF1 in DU-145 prostate cancer cells reverted their hybrid E/M status into cobblestone morphology with increased epithelial adhesion by E-cadherin and β-catenin relocation. Consistently, co-expression analysis in TCGA PanCancer Atlas revealed that both SCAND1 and MZF1 co-express and are negatively correlated with EMT driver genes, including CTNNB1, ZEB1, ZEB2 and TGFBR, in prostate tumor specimens. In addition, SCAND1 overexpression suppressed tumor cell proliferation by reducing the MAP3K-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Of note, SCAND1-overexpressing DU-145 cells migrated slower than control cells with decreased lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer in a mouse tumor xenograft model. Kaplan-Meyer analysis showed high expression of MZF1 and SCAND1 to correlate with better prognoses in pancreatic cancer and head and neck cancers, although with poorer prognosis in kidney cancer. Overall, these data suggest that the combination of SCAND1-MZF1 complexes may revert the EMT mechanism in cancer to establish an epithelial phenotype. These effects seem to include co-repression of EMT-driver genes and suppression of tumor cell proliferation via inhibition of the MAP3K-MEK-ERK signaling pathway.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Weaver Chaston , Bin Satter Khaled , Richardson Katherine P , Tran Lynn KH , Tran Paul MH , Purohit Sharad
Published: November 2022

Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) comprises over 75% of all renal tumors and arises in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Molecularly ccRCC is characterized by copy number alterations (CNAs) such as the loss of chromosome 3p and VHL inactivation. Additional driver mutations (SETD2, PBRM1, BAP1, and others) promote genomic instability and tumor cell metastasis through the dysregulation of various metabolic and immune-response pathways. Many researchers identified mutation, gene expression, and proteomic signatures for early diagnosis and prognostics for ccRCC. Despite a tremendous influx of data regarding DNA alterations, gene expression, and protein expression, the incorporation of these analyses for diagnosis and prognosis of RCC into the clinical application has not been implemented yet. In this review, we focused on the molecular changes associated with ccRCC development, along with gene expression and protein signatures, to emphasize the utilization of these molecular profiles in clinical practice. These findings, in the context of machine learning and precision medicine, may help to overcome some of the barriers encountered for implementing molecular profiles of tumors into the diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC.
Use of Intra-Articular Injection Corticosteroid Injections to the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint. First Theme of a Scoping Review
Authors: Reilly Ian , Botchu Rajesh
Published: November 2022

Introduction. A needle is inserted into a joint for arthrocentesis or injection of a therapeutic medication(s), commonly a corticosteroid. The aim of this paper is to discuss the first theme identified from a scoping review of corticosteroid injections for the pathology of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Pathology. The two most common pathologies affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint are osteoarthritis and bunions. An arthritic joint is regularly injected with a corticosteroid, but bunions are not. Other pathologies that may receive an injection include rheumatoid arthritis, gout, sesamoiditis and post-operative arthrofibrosis. Discussion. Most available evidence discusses corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis, but there is a paucity of high-quality evidence, especially for corticosteroid use in other pathological conditions. Conclusion. Whilst the evidence base suggests that corticosteroid injections are safe short- and mid-term treatment options for a range of soft tissue and joint pathology, the specific indications, and short/long-term outcomes in the first metatarsophalangeal joint pathologies are not clear and warrant further study.
Migraine and Inflammation: The Clinical Utility of Serial Systemic Immune Inflammatory Indices (SSIIi) during an Inpatient Setting
Authors: Wijeratne Tissa , Wijeratne Chanith , Karimi Leila , Apostolopolous Vasso , Sales Carmela
Published: November 2022

Background: Migraine is the commonest complex neurological disorder affecting over a billion people worldwide. Neuroinflammation has long been considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine. The main aim of this single-centre, proof of concept, retrospective study was to determine the possible clinical utility of systemic immune-inflammatory response in migraine with and without aura in a hospitalized cohort. We measured the role of universally available serial white blood cell counts to calculate the serial systemic immune-inflammatory indices (SSIIi) and the potential association between aura and SSIIi changes in a cohort of migraine patients admitted to tertiary care center in Melbourne Australia.Main body: We retrospectively assessed patients' medical records presenting to Western Health with migraine over an 18 month period. Patients were classified as either having migraine with aura (MA) or without aura (MO) based on ICHD-3 criteria. Baseline demographics and brain imaging findings in each group were evaluated. Patients with two sets of white blood cell counts during the admission were included in the analysis. SSIIi were calculated as, neutrophil counts x platelet counts / lymphocyte counts. Correlation between SSIIi and MA and MO were assessed using SPSS27.Conclusion: SSIIi were elevated in MA and MO followed by a downward trend in both groups, with MA being statistically significant. This proof-of-concept study suggests the potential role of systemic inflammation in pathobiology of migraine. SSIIi appear to show clinical utility. Further comprehensive ,controlled , multicenter studies are required to clarify the exact role of systemic inflammatory response and the clinical utility of SSIIi in a subset of migraine in the Emergency department setting.
Assessment of the Variation Range of Agglutinability in Vibrio cholerae Strains Isolated in the Course of Monitoring Studies
Authors: Levchenko D. A. , Kruglikov V. D. , Arkhangel’skaya I. V. , Yakusheva O. A. , Alekseeva L. P. , Vodop’yanov S. O. , Ezhova M. I. , Noskov A. K.
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyze the range of variability of antigenic properties and genotypic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae R-variant strains atypical in terms of agglutinability.

Materials and methods. 169 strains of V. cholerae R-variant with atypical agglutinability have been studied using the “AmpliSens® Vibrio cholerae-FL” test-system. The determination of O1 antigen was carried out using the “Ig-V. cholerae О1/О139 – ELISA/dot-ELISA” reagent kit.

Results and discussion. A retrospective analysis of the complex of phenoand genotypic characteristics of strains isolated from surface water bodies in the territories of three former Soviet republics and 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the course of 30-year monitoring and identified upon isolation as nontoxigenic V. cholerae R-variant strains has been performed. Upon re-identification, it was found that the strains belong to both epidemically dangerous (3.0 %) and non-dangerous strains (97.0 %). The range of variability was expressed in their distribution into three groups and consisted in retaining of agglutinability only with cholera RO serum in the first group (34.5 % of strains); the loss of this trait, but the acquisition of the ability to agglutinate in different combinations with O1, Ogawa or Inaba sera – in the second (16.7 %); and also in the loss of agglutinability with all diagnostic cholera sera – in the third (48.8 %). The presence of the wbeT gene in the compared V. cholerae classical R-variant strain does not exclude the presence of the genomic region for O1 antigen biosynthesis in other R-strains, possibly in a modified form, which can be clarified in further molecular-genetic studies. Alternatively, such strains are likely to be attributed to V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139. Strains of V. cholerae R-variant with different amounts of surface antigen (optical density range – from 0.088±0.002 to 1.226±0.003) have been identified. The data obtained can be used for monitoring of cholera in laboratories of regional and federal levels.