bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next-generation ice-nucleating particle sampling on board aircraft: characterization of the High-volume flow aERosol particle filter sAmpler (HERA)
Authors: Grawe Sarah , Jentzsch Conrad , Schaefer Jonas , Wex Heike , Mertes Stephan , Stratmann Frank
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentration data from the free troposphere are sparse but urgently needed to understand vertical transport processes of INPs and their influence on cloud formation and properties. Here, we introduce the new High-volume flow aERosol particle filter sAmpler (HERA) which was specially developed for installation on research aircraft and subsequent offline INP analysis. HERA is a modular system consisting of a sampling unit and a powerful pump unit, and it has several features which were integrated specifically for INP sampling. Firstly, the pump unit enables sampling at flow rates exceeding 100 L min−1, which is well above typical flow rates of aircraft INP sampling systems described in the literature (∼ 10 L min−1). Consequently, required sampling times to capture rare, high-temperature INPs (≥ −15 ∘C) are reduced in comparison to other systems, and potential source regions of INPs can be confined more precisely. Secondly, the sampling unit is designed as a seven-way valve, enabling switching between six filter holders and a bypass with one filter being sampled at a time. In contrast to other aircraft INP sampling systems, the valve position is remote-controlled via software so that manual filter changes during flight are eliminated and the potential for sample contamination is decreased. This design is compatible with a high degree of automation, i.e., triggering filter changes depending on parameters like flight altitude, geographical location, temperature, or time. In addition to presenting the design and principle of operation of HERA, this paper describes laboratory characterization experiments with size-selected test substances, i.e., SNOMAX® and Arizona Test Dust. The particles were sampled on filters with HERA, varying either particle diameter (300 to 800 nm) or flow rate (10 to 100 L min−1) between experiments. The subsequent offline INP analysis showed good agreement with literature data and comparable sampling efficiencies for all investigated particle sizes and flow rates. Furthermore, the collection efficiency of atmospheric INPs in HERA was compared to a straightforward filter sampler and good agreement was found. Finally, results from the first campaign of HERA on the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO) demonstrate the functionality of the new system in the context of aircraft application.
Segmentation of polarimetric radar imagery using statistical texture
Authors: Guyot Adrien , Brook Jordan P. , Protat Alain , Turner Kathryn , Soderholm Joshua , McCarthy Nicholas F. , McGowan Hamish
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Weather radars are increasingly being used to study the interaction between wildfires and the atmosphere, owing to the enhanced spatio-temporal resolution of radar data compared to conventional measurements, such as satellite imagery and in situ sensing. An important requirement for the continued proliferation of radar data for this application is the automatic identification of fire-generated particle returns (pyrometeors) from a scene containing a diverse range of echo sources, including clear air, ground and sea clutter, and precipitation. The classification of such particles is a challenging problem for common image segmentation approaches (e.g. fuzzy logic or unsupervised machine learning) due to the strong overlap in radar variable distributions between each echo type. Here, we propose the following two-step method to address these challenges: (1) the introduction of secondary, texture-based fields, calculated using statistical properties of gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCMs), and (2) a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), used to classify echo sources by combining radar variables with texture-based fields from (1). Importantly, we retain all information from the original measurements by performing calculations in the radar's native spherical coordinate system and introduce a range-varying-window methodology for our GLCM calculations to avoid range-dependent biases. We show that our method can accurately classify pyrometeors' plumes, clear air, sea clutter, and precipitation using radar data from recent wildfire events in Australia and find that the contrast of the radar correlation coefficient is the most skilful variable for the classification. The technique we propose enables the automated detection of pyrometeors' plumes from operational weather radar networks, which may be used by fire agencies for emergency management purposes or by scientists for case study analyses or historical-event identification.
Glacial–interglacial seawater isotope change near the Chilean Margin as reflected by δ2H values of C37 alkenones
Authors: Hättig Katrin , Varma Devika , Schouten Stefan , van der Meer Marcel T. J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Stable hydrogen isotopic compositions of long-chain alkenones with 37 carbon atoms (δ2HC37) have been shown to reflect seawater salinity in culture and environmental studies, and this potential sea surface salinity proxy has been applied to several downcore records from different regions. However, previous studies were based solely on a single sediment core and often suggested unlikely large changes in salinity based on existing proxy calibrations. Here we present a new δ2HC37 record, in combination with oxygen isotopes of benthic foraminifera from the same samples, from a sediment core from the Chilean Margin (ODP Site 1235). The observed negative shift in δ2HC37 of 20 ‰ during the last deglaciation was identical to that of a previously published δ2HC37 record from the nearby, but deeper, ODP Site 1234, suggesting a regionally consistent shift in δ2HC37. This change translates into a negative hydrogen isotope shift in the surface seawater of ca. 14 ‰, similar to glacial–interglacial reconstructions based on other δ2HC37 records. The reconstructed bottom seawater oxygen isotope change based on benthic foraminifera during the last deglaciation is approximately −0.8 ‰, in line with previous studies. When translated into hydrogen isotopes of bottom seawater using the modern open-ocean water line, this would suggest a negative change of ca. 5 ‰, smaller than the reconstructed surface seawater shift based on alkenones. The larger change in surface water isotopes suggests that it experienced more freshening during the Holocene than bottom waters, either due to increased freshwater input, reduced evaporation, or a combination of the two.
Anomalous variations in stable precipitation isotopes driven by high-temperature events
Authors: Lin Xinrui , Zhu Guofeng , Qiu Dongdong , Chen Longhu , Si Dehong , Ye Linlin , Lu Siyu , Jiao Yinying , Liu Jiawei , Li Rui , Wang Qinqin , Yang Jiangwei , Zhang Wenhao
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in atmospheric precipitation have the potential to identify abnormal weather events, and climate change will cause more intense and frequent high-temperature events, which already pose a threat to human health and the development of the global economy. Based on precipitation isotope data from 37 high-temperature events that occurred in various global regions between 2010 and 2022, this article examines the impacts of high-temperature events on stable precipitation isotopes. The results show that (1) stable precipitation isotopes are more enriched under the influence of high-temperature events than in the same month of previous years; the slope and intercept of the precipitation local meteoric water line (LMWL) are lower than in the same month of previous years and the global meteoric water line (GMWL); and the precipitation d-excess is lower than the global average. (2) Temperature is the primary meteorological factor that produces abnormal variations in precipitation isotopes under the influence of high-temperature events, and the impact of temperature on precipitation isotopes is significantly amplified (P<0.05). (3) Furthermore, variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, water vapor transport fluxes, regional water vapor background, and surface morphology can lead to regional differences in anomalous variations in precipitation isotopes. This study reveals the impact of high temperatures on precipitation isotopes and their mechanisms, which is instructive for disentangling the influence of high-temperature events on water cycle processes. It may also offer fresh perspectives for the reconstruction of paleo-high-temperature events based on isotopes.
Identifying episodic carbon monoxide emission events in the MOPITT measurement dataset
Authors: Jeffery Paul S. , Drummond James R. , Zou Jiansheng , Walker Kaley A.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument aboard NASA’s Terra satellite has been measuring upwelling radiance in a nadir-viewing mode since March 2000. These radiance measurements are inverted to yield estimates of carbon monoxide (CO) profiles and total columns, providing the longest satellite record of this trace gas to date. The CO measurements from MOPITT have been used in a variety of ways, including trend analyses and the construction of CO budgets. However, their use is complicated by the influence of episodic emission events, which release large quantities of CO into the atmosphere with irregular timing, such as large sporadic wildfires of natural or anthropogenic origin. The chaotic nature of these events is a large source of variability in CO budgets and models, requiring that these events be well characterized in order to develop an improved understanding of the role they have in influencing tropospheric CO. This study describes the development of a multi-step algorithm that is used to identify large episodic emission events using daily-mean Level 2 (L2) MOPITT total column measurements gridded to 0.5° by 0.5° spatial resolution. The core component of this procedure involves empirically determining the expectation density function (EDF) that describes the departure of daily-mean CO observations from the baseline behaviour of CO, as described by its periodic components and trends. The EDFs employed are not assumed to be symmetric, but instead are constructed from a pair of superimposed normal distributions. Enhancement flag files are produced following this methodology, identifying the episodic events that show strong enhancement of CO outside of the range of expected CO behaviour, and are now made available for the period 3 March 2000 to 31 July 2022. The distribution and frequency of these flagged measurements over this 22-year period is analyzed, to illustrate the robustness of this method.
Synoptic-intraseasonal variability control on high chlorophyll-a events in the Puyuhuapi Fjord, Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Bada-Diaz Reynier , Jacques-Coper Martín , Farías Laura , Narváez Diego , Masotti Italo
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Intraseasonal climate variability as, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and synoptic-scale systems modify the normal conditions of the atmosphere and ocean, causing anomalies in sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (S) which could create an environment conducive to algal bloom events in fjord systems, which in some cases can be toxic (HABs). In this work, an analysis of the atmospheric forcings on the synoptic-to-intraseasonal scale (SY-IS), that precede and proceeds to extreme high chlorophyll-a (chl-a) events was made in the Puyuhuapi fjord (44.7º S 72.8º W), during the summer season (December–February, DJF) between the years 2010–2018. Extreme events of high chl-a are defined when chl-a anomalies exceed the 90th percentile, and day 0 was defined as the maximum anomalous value. Six extreme events, corresponding to 83 % of the total, were detected in the year 2016, a year with strong El Niño southern Oscillation (ENSO). From the analysis of the SY-IS patterns of persistent atmospheric anomalies during these 2016 events and their similarities, we detected that 4 events presented the characteristic of the passage of a low-pressure system, starting at least 7 days before the extreme chl-a event, with negative anomalies of sea level pressure and surface temperature, a change in wind direction and an increase in salinity at surface waters. we propose an atmospheric-oceanographic mechanism that induces favourable conditions for high phytoplanktonic activity in summertime: the passage of a low-pressure system, that weakens stratification and induces upwelling of deeper, colder and nutrient-rich waters favouring an increase in phytoplankton activity and the occurrence of extreme events of high chl-a in Puyuhuapi fjord. Furthermore, this work suggests that active phases 6 and 7 of the MJO might reinforce, on the SY-IS time scale, in DJF 2016. In the case of microalgae blooms, in addition to the well-known seasonal and interannual behaviors, it is important to superimpose the high-frequency variability. To improve the predictive ability of algal blooms and their relationship with climate conditions is essential for managing and mitigating their negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems, human health, and the economy.
DASH: a MATLAB toolbox for paleoclimate data assimilation
Authors: King Jonathan , Tierney Jessica , Osman Matthew , Judd Emily J. , Anchukaitis Kevin J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Paleoclimate data assimilation (DA) is a tool for reconstructing past climates that directly integrates proxy records with climate model output. Despite the potential for DA to expand the scope of quantitative paleoclimatology, these methods remain difficult to implement in practice due to the multi-faceted requirements and data handling necessary for DA reconstructions, the diversity of DA methods, and the need for computationally efficient algorithms. Here, we present DASH, a MATLAB toolbox designed to facilitate paleoclimate DA analyses. DASH provides command line and scripting tools that implement common tasks in DA workflows. The toolbox is highly modular and is not built around any specific analysis, and thus DASH supports paleoclimate DA for a wide variety of time periods, spatial regions, proxy networks, and algorithms. DASH includes tools for integrating and cataloguing data stored in disparate formats, building state vector ensembles, and running proxy (system) forward models. The toolbox also provides optimized algorithms for implementing ensemble Kalman filters, particle filters, and optimal sensor analyses with variable and modular parameters. This paper reviews the key components of the DASH toolbox and presents examples illustrating DASH's use for paleoclimate DA applications.
Dynamically weighted ensemble of geoscientific models via automated machine-learning-based classification
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Tiejun , Zhang Yonggen , Bai Yun , Chen Xi
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Despite recent developments in geoscientific (e.g.,
physics- or data-driven) models, effectively assembling multiple models for
approaching a benchmark solution remains challenging in many sub-disciplines
of geoscientific fields. Here, we proposed an automated machine-learning-assisted ensemble framework (AutoML-Ens) that attempts to resolve
this challenge. Details of the methodology and workflow of AutoML-Ens were
provided, and a prototype model was realized with the key strategy of
mapping between the probabilities derived from the machine learning
classifier and the dynamic weights assigned to the candidate ensemble
members. Based on the newly proposed framework, its applications for two
real-world examples (i.e., mapping global soil water retention parameters
and estimating remotely sensed cropland evapotranspiration) were
investigated and discussed. Results showed that compared to conventional
ensemble approaches, AutoML-Ens was superior across the datasets (the
training, testing, and overall datasets) and environmental gradients with
improved performance metrics (e.g., coefficient of determination,
Kling–Gupta efficiency, and root-mean-squared error). The better performance
suggested the great potential of AutoML-Ens for improving quantification and
reducing uncertainty in estimates due to its two unique features, i.e.,
assigning dynamic weights for candidate models and taking full advantage of
AutoML-assisted workflow. In addition to the representative results, we also
discussed the interpretational aspects of the used framework and its
possible extensions. More importantly, we emphasized the benefits of
combining data-driven approaches with physics constraints for geoscientific
model ensemble problems with high dimensionality in space and nonlinear
behaviors in nature.
Modelling groundwater recharge, actual evaporation, and transpiration in semi-arid sites of the Lake Chad basin: the role of soil and vegetation in groundwater recharge
Authors: Neukum Christoph , Morales-Santos Angela , Ronelngar Melanie , Bala Aminu , Vassolo Sara
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The Lake Chad basin, located in the centre of northern Africa, is characterized by strong climate seasonality with a pronounced short annual precipitation period and high potential evapotranspiration. Groundwater is an essential source for drinking-water supply, as well as for agriculture and groundwater-related ecosystems. Thus, assessment of groundwater recharge is very important although also difficult because of the strong effects of evaporation and transpiration, as well as the limited available data. A simple, generalized approach, which requires only limited field data,
freely available remote sensing data, and well-established concepts
and models, is tested for assessing groundwater recharge in the southern
part of the basin. This work uses the FAO dual-Kc concept to estimate E and T coefficients at six locations that differ in soil texture, climate, and vegetation conditions. Measured values of soil water content and chloride concentrations along vertical soil profiles together with different scenarios for E and T partitioning and a Bayesian calibration approach are used to numerically simulate water flow and chloride transport using Hydrus-1D. Average groundwater recharge rates and the associated model uncertainty at the six locations are assessed for the 2003–2016 time period. Annual groundwater recharge varies between 6 and 93 mm and depends strongly on soil texture and related water retention and on vegetation. Interannual variability of groundwater recharge is generally greater than the uncertainty of the simulated groundwater recharge.
Brief communication: Storm Daniel Flood Impact in Greece 2023: Mapping Crop and Livestock Exposure from SAR
Authors: He Kang , Yang Qing , Shen Xinyi , Dimitriou Elias , Mentzafou Angeliki , Papadaki Christina , Stoumboudi Maria , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. For this communication, we analyzed the crop area and numbers of livestock exposed to flooding from the historic precipitation caused by storm Daniel in central Greece on September 3–8, 2023. We derived from the near-real-time RAdar-Produced Inundation Diary (RAPID) system an inundated area totaling 1,150 km2, located mainly in the Thessalian plain. By overlaying a land cover map on the RAPID inundation map, we found that ~820 km2 (70 %) of the inundated area was agricultural land. A detailed distribution map of crop type and animal farms revealed that the crop most affected by the flooding was cotton; the inundated area of more than 282 km2 comprised ~30 % of the total area planted with cotton in central Greece. In terms of livestock, we estimated more than 14,000 ornithoids and 21,500 sheep and goats were affected. Consequences for agriculture and animal husbandry in Greece are expected to be severe.
Revealing inflow and wake conditions of a 6 MW floating turbine
Authors: Angelou Nikolas , Mann Jakob , Dubreuil-Boisclair Camille
Published: October 2023

Abstract. We investigate the characteristics of the inflow and the wake of a 6 MW floating wind turbine from the Hywind Scotland offshore wind farm, the world's first floating wind farm. We use two commercial nacelle-mounted lidars to measure the up- and downwind conditions with a fixed and a scanning measuring geometry, respectively. In the analysis, the effect of the pitch and roll angles of the nacelle on the lidar measuring location is taken into account. The upwind conditions are parameterized in terms of the mean horizontal wind vector at hub height, the shear and veer of the wind profile along the upper part of the rotor, and the induction of the wind turbine rotor. The wake characteristics are studied in two narrow wind speed intervals between 8.5–9.5 and 12.5–13.5 m s−1, corresponding to below and above rotor rated speeds, respectively, and for turbulence intensity values between 3.3 %–6.4 %. The wake flow is measured along a horizontal plane by a wind lidar scanning in a plan position indicator mode, which reaches 10 D downwind. This study focuses on the downstream area between 3 and 8 D. In this region, our observations show that the transverse profile of the wake can be adequately described by a self-similar wind speed deficit that follows a Gaussian distribution. We find that even small variations (∼1 %–2 %) in the ambient turbulence intensity can result in an up to 10 % faster wake recovery. Furthermore, we do not observe any additional spread of the wake due to the motion of the floating wind turbine examined in this study.
Self-efficacy, Epistemological Beliefs, and Academic Performance in Physics: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Panergayo Albert Andry E.
Published: October 2023

Self-efficacy and epistemological beliefs are focal figures in enhancing academic performance in learning Physics. This paper investigates the mediating role of epistemological beliefs about physical science (EBAPS) on the effect of Physics self-efficacy (PSE) on academic performance in Physics (APP) of 456 grade 12 senior high school students enrolled in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) track. A correlational research design was used to analyze, interpret, and propose a statistical model predicting the APP based on the empirical data gathered. The adapted research instruments obtained an excellent reliability index, encoded in a web-based program, and distributed through online platforms. Mediation analysis using PROCESS v3.5 was used to examine the mediating role of EBAPS between PSE and APP. Findings revealed that EBAPS significantly mediated the association between PSE and APP. This indicates that their self-efficacy beliefs can enhance their epistemological beliefs, eventually translating to higher academic performance.
Effectiveness of muscle energy techniques and friction massage in hamstring tightness amongst young athletes of Pakistan
Authors:   Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences Trust, Mansehra, Pakistan, Bhutta Nimra Ilyas , Haneef Kinza ,   Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences Trust, Mansehra, Pakistan, Rasheed Seerat ,   Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences Riphah University Islamabad Campus Pakistan, Bashir Sana ,   Bioflex laser pain therapy Peshawar, Shah Saleh ,   Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University Lahore Pakistan
Published: October 2023

Background: compromised hamstring flexibility is a risk factor to sports-related injuries, as muscular tightness is believed to reduce athletic performance. Different muscle energy techniques and friction massage are commonly practiced by manual therapists to improve hamstring flexibility. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and friction massage in hamstring tightness among young athletes in Pakistan Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences (HHIRS), Mansehra, and Neurological Orthopaedic and Sports Injury Services Mansehra (NOSIS). A total of n=60 young athletes between 18-25 years with hamstring tightness and limited straight leg raise range of motion (<110⁰) were included in the study. The non-probability purposive sampling was used for data collection then the participants were randomly divided into Group A (n=20) received Post facilitation stretch (PFS), group B (n=20) received post-isometric relaxation (PIR), and Group C (n=20) which received deep friction massage through electronic massager. The athletic performance of the participants was assessed using the YMCA sit and reach test (S&RT) for flexibility, agility run test (ART) for agility, vertical jump test (VJT) for explosive power, and 100-meter run test (RT) for speed and explosive power at baseline, 10th day, and 20th day of the intervention. Results: The participants had a mean age of 21.55±2.05 years. The result showed that participants who received PFS showed significant (p<0.05) results as compared to PIR and FM after the 10th day, regarding VJT (p=0.006), ART (p=0.015), S&RT (p<0.001) and 100m RT (p<0.001). After the 20th day, PFA showed better results than PIR and FM after the 10th day. The participant who received FM showed less improvement than the remaining two groups but statistically significant p<0.05. Conclusion Muscle energy techniques, particularly PFS and PIR, proved effective in enhancing athletic performance parameters, including vertical jump, agility, and flexibility, among young athletes with hamstring tightness. These findings support their use in sports rehabilitation and injury prevention. Keywords: friction massage; hamstring tightness; manual mobilization technique; muscle energy technique; soft tissue mobilization post isometric relaxation; post facilitation stretch. Clinical Trail Number: NCT03680300
Development and Evaluation of Buccal Mucoadhesive patches of Losartan Potassium
Authors: Begum Sk. Arifa , Aryani K.
Published: October 2023

Buccal mucoadhesive patches of losartan potassium were formulated using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose grades - K4M, K15M, K50M and Eudragit L100 polymers by the method of solvent casting. The prepared formulations were characterized for mechanical and physicochemical parameters like thickness, surface pH, uniformity of weight, swelling index, folding endurance, percentage moisture loss, drug content, in vitro dispersion and in vitro residence time. Further, in vitro drug release study was performed with the use of freshly prepared egg membrane as the semi-permeable membrane. The best formulation (F6) exhibited higher percentage of drug release 97.26%±0.41 at the end of 8 h. The sustained release of losartan potassium was found to be attained up to 8 h duration.
On Optimal Control of Complex Dynamical Systems
Authors: Bonalli Riccardo
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, achieving efficient computations of optimal trajectories for dynamical systems represents a hard problem. In particular, the presence of nonlinearities and uncertainties affecting the outcome makes this task very challenging. With the objective of introducing optimal control strategies that address those difficulties, in this talk I will discuss two interrelated frameworks: Sequential Convex Programming (SCP) and Pullback Bundle Dynamical Systems (PBDS), from both theoretical and numerical perspectives. Specifically, I will first show how SCP can be leveraged to solve non-linear stochastic optimal control problems. Then, I will explain how efficient real-time initialization strategies can be compute by PBDS for complex dynamical systems.
Follow-up of a new titanium cervical plate for fusion of the cervical spine
Authors: Bruchmann Bernhard , Kilian Francis
Published: October 2023

Cervical plates are in use since the 1990ies for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The latest step in development was a dynamic plate that allows sliding of the screws facilitating the natural settling of the bone after surgery.

We investigated the clinical and radiological results of such a dynamic plate in a patient cohort that underwent single or multi-level ACDF for various cervical degenerative indications, including revision cases, from 2014 to 2019. Clinical and radiological outcome were assessed in 60 eligible patients after a mean of 2.9 years.

The assessed neck disability index (NDI), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) of neck and arm pain show comparable results to the literature of ACDF, and specifically other plate designs. Forty-eight Adverse and Serious Adverse Events do not show a link to the product used.

Clinical and radiological outcomes of ACDF with dynamic, third generation cervical plates show comparable results to the literature. Careful reporting of all Adverse Events revealed a variety of concomitant diseases, but could not be correlated to the implant used.
Analysing detail preserving capabilities of bilateral, laplacian and taubin mesh filtering methods
Authors: BEŞDOK Erkan , ÇİVİCİOĞLU Pınar
Published: October 2023

Mesh filtering of surfaces is crucial for noise reduction, feature preservation, and mesh simplification in graphics, visualization, and computer vision. In this paper, the detail preservation capacities of 3 frequently used filters, i.e., Bilateral, Laplacian, and Taubin mesh filters, in mesh filtering have been thoroughly examined by experiments conducted on 4 different test meshes. While the Bilateral filter excels in preserving sharp features due to its integration of geometric proximity with intensity similarity, the Laplacian filter prioritizes smoothness by averaging neighboring vertex positions, and the Taubin filter offers a balanced approach by merging attributes of both Laplacian and high-pass filters. The Bilateral filter's primary strength lies in its ability to maintain sharp features on a mesh, ensuring that intricate details are preserved by considering both the spatial closeness and intensity similarity of vertices. The Laplacian filter, although effective in achieving mesh smoothness, has the propensity to excessively smooth out sharp and defining features, potentially causing a loss of critical details in the processed mesh. The Taubin filter integrates the best of both worlds, ensuring smoothness without excessive mesh shrinkage; however, it might not excel in feature preservation as effectively as the Bilateral filter or smooth as uniformly as the Laplacian filter, making it a middle-ground option for certain applications. The statistical analysis of the experimental results has shown that the Taubin method is statistically a more successful mesh filtering method for the test sets used in this paper.
Grenzgänger als Herausforderung für die Wortartenkategorisierung
Authors: Knauseder Anna-Maria
Published: October 2023

Nicht alle Wörter des Deutschen können eindeutig einer einzigen Wortart zugeordnet werden. Diese sogenannten Grenzgänger stellen nicht nur Schüler*innen beim Erwerb grammatischer Strukturen vor Herausforderungen, sondern vor allem Lehrpersonen müssen Strategien entwickeln, um den Grammatikunterricht möglichst begreiflich zu gestalten. Haben die Lernenden außerdem eine andere Erstsprache als Deutsch, sind diese mit einer weiteren Herausforderung konfrontiert. Wortartenkategorien können von einer anderen Sprache nicht ohne weiteres auf eine andere Sprache übertragen werden. So ist es Schüler*innen mit Deutsch als Zweitsprache nicht möglich, auf das bereits erlernte Wortartensystem zurückzugreifen. Durch Ansätze der funktionalen Grammatik können Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden, um ein neues Verständnis für Wortarten und deren systemische Kategorisierung zu schaffen.
Determination of factors of maximum influence on the occurrence of fires in conditions of limited a priori information in the war zone in the east of Ukraine
Authors:   National Aerospace University 'Kharkiv Aviation Institute’ (Kharkiv, Ukraine), Butenko Olga , Topchiy Anna ,   National Aerospace University 'Kharkiv Aviation Institute’ (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
Published: October 2023

The expediency of using the inverted Floyd–Warshall algorithm for a deeper study of factors of maximum influence on the occurrence and development of fires in the war zones of Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts is shown. It relates to the fact that fire is one of the important parameters of the monitoring system that affects the ecological situation in the region. However, in the absence of a priori information about fires and hostilities, the formation of a set of factors influencing the occurrence and development of fires in the region is a laborious process. The primary assessment of a priori information allows generalising and averaging the factors that influence the occurrence of fires in these regions. The inverted Floyd–Warshall algorithm is a simple algorithm to implement, although to eliminate errors in mathematical calculations and to form adjacency matrices, a program code was developed in the Python programming language. Using the built-in visualisation software tools, a weighted oriented graph of factors influencing fires was built; the weights of these factors, determined at the initial stage, are also indicated on the edges of the graph. An adjacency matrix has been compiled, which contains information about the presence or absence of links between graph vertices. The factors of maximum influence on the occurrence and development of fires in Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts are determined, considering the specifics of the area and the results of hostilities. The results of the algorithm confirmed that hostilities create a fire hazard situation in the region. Due to the lack of a complete set of data, it becomes almost impossible to obtain results of mathematical calculations that are more accurate, since open-source data cannot provide errorless data on hostilities. For the same reason, the study area is not divided into separate segments in order to obtain more accurate results of mathematical calculations for each segment. Despite this, the software implementation of the inverted Floyd–Warshall algorithm is a universal method for solving the problem of finding and selecting factors of maximum and minimum influence on the occurrence of fires in environmental monitoring issues.
A Study of suicidal ideation in different subgroups within a sexual minority by assessing variables that may reflect subjective experience of distress among minorities
Authors: Parihar Dr.Akash , Kumar Dr.Nitin , Sharma Dr Sandeep , Raj Meena Dr. Lakhan
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: A discord between natal role and gender identity, poor self and societal acceptance of one’s sexual orientation/gender identity, physical, verbal and sexual abuse and discrimination, from family, friends, and peers during and after coming out, fear of law-enforcement, loneliness, and lack of coping mechanisms and healthy role models can lead to poor physical and mental health outcomes among the LGBTQ youth in India. For sexual minority people, sexual orientation-related discrimination and prejudice might be associated with feelings of thwarted belongingness. Given that perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and Psych-ache. have been associated with SI in other populations, included sexual minority. Methodology: - Advertisement in form of Flash banners will be generated on websites, forums and social media related to sexual minority. Within the advertisement, volunteers who were at least 18 years of age (no other inclusion criteria) were invited to complete a survey that took approximately 20 min to finish. The Flash Banner containing the performa for Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, Suicidal ideation, The Psych-ache Scale. Result & Conclusion: Interpersonal construct perceived burdensomeness, which accounts for some increased prevalence of suicidal ideation for adult gay men, lesbian women, and bisexual men and women. Clinicians can utilize this information by using cognitive and behavioural interventions to decrease perceived burdensomeness and, thus, decrease suicide risk for sexual minority adult clients.
DINAMIKA RISK TAKING BEHAVIOR PADA ATLET PARALAYANG PEREMPUAN YANG SUDAH MENIKAH
Authors: Sakina Lupita Satiti  , Krismi Diah Ambarwati
Published: October 2023

Olahraga Paralayang merupakan salah satu olahraga ekstrim karena dilakukan di alam bebas dan memiliki risiko tinggi bagi keselamatan penerbangnya. Penerbangan bebas dengan menggunakan parasut seringkali dilakukan dari lereng bukit dibantu angin yang berhembus. Ketidakpastian situasi dan kondisi alam selama penerbangan membuat Olahraga Paralayang berisiko tinggi. Tingginya risiko dalam Olahraga Paralayang menjadi tantangan bagi para atlet dan memicu keinginan untuk mendapatkan sensasi intens yang luar biasa. Perilaku suka mencari tantangan, risiko, tindakan berbahaya namun masih bisa diterima lingkungan sosial ini disebut dengan risk-taking behavior. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika risk-taking behavior pada atlet Paralayang perempuan yang sudah menikah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis deskriptif yaitu data berdasarkan peristiwa yang dialami dikumpulkan dalam bentuk verbatim dan dideskripsikan untuk mengungkap pengalaman individu. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 3 atlet Paralayang perempuan yang sudah menikah. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain ditemukan adanya dinamika risk-taking behavior dalam hal karakteristik kepribadian, risiko yang dihadapi, munculnya emosi positif dan negatif selama melakukan penerbangan, persiapan matang sebelum penerbangan, mempertahankan atensi selama penerbangan, koping pasca kecelakaan terbang, dan usaha menyeimbangkan peran atlet perempuan dan ibu rumah tangga.
Efisiensi Pekerjaan Bekisting Konvensional dan Semi Sistem pada Kolom Bangunan Bertingkat di Madura
Authors: Rahadatul Ais’y Risya Afifah , Silviana Putri Regilia , Farichah Himatul
Published: October 2023

Perkembangan teknologi di bidang konstruksi pada Indonesia saat ini mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat, salah satu contoh aplikasi teknologi pada proses konstruksi yaitu cetakan beton atau bisa disebut dengan bekisting. Pada proyek bangunan bertingkat pemilihan bekisting merupakan salah satu keputusan yang sangat penting karena dapat mempengaruhi waktu pekerjaan, kualitas konstruksi, dan biaya. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah pengumpulan data. Data yang didapat yaitu data sekunder dan data primer. Data sekunder berupa membaca buku, jurnal, dan gambar rencana proyek. Sedangkan, data primer berupa observasi dan wawancara.  Analisis yang akan dibahas yaitu perbandingan penggunaan bekisting semi sistem dan bekisting konvensional ditinjau dari segi volume, waktu, dan produktivitas pekerja.  Hasil perhitungan yang didapat pada Analisis volume pekerjaan bekisting didapatkan kebutuhan volume bekisting konvensional yaitu 336 m2, dan kebutuhan volume bekisting semi-sistem yaitu 144 m2.  Pada Analisis durasi total untuk pekerjaan bekisting kolom semi-sistem 7 hari dan bekisting konvensional 9 hari. Pada Analisis koefisien yang diperoleh pada pekerjaan bekisting kolom  semi-sistem untuk tukang sebesar 0,013 dan pekerja 0,0065. Bekisting konvensional untuk tukang sebesar 0,0186 dan pekerja 0,0186. Sehingga, penggunaan bekisting kolom semi-sistem lebih efektif dan efisien digunakan daripada bekisting kolom konvensional.
A Survey of Student Dropout Analysis Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Wang Zhilu
Published: October 2023

Online learning and conventional learning are two important methods that students pursue their educational degrees or expand their knowledge. The enormous rate of dropout of online students and the fact that this rate is still increasing leads to the concern of raise student retention rate. And the large number of conventional student dropout create loss in economics, time and education resources. Therefore, it is important to seek the factor affecting student dropout and investigate effective machine learning-based models on prediction of student dropout. Different factors including the clickstream, academic information, family are discussed, followed by introductory information about current popular machine learning algorithms. According to this comprehensive review, the grade of online learners and the total number of students assessment to courses seem to be the most powerful features and conventional students are affected by social contact and attendance of social activities.
Research on the application of artificial intelligence generated AI technology in new media art
Authors: Ye Caixian , Ganbat Tsenguun , Xu Lijun
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of information society and computer science, new media art has not made a qualitative leap in the past decade. The reason is that in big data and machine learning, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has brought computer science up to a higher level, while art is still stuck in aesthetics, acoustics, vision, psychology and other aspects, lack of logic, intelligence and integration. Therefore, the new media art needs the support of the computer technology, especially the new technology.In the design stage of new media art, technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data mining are integrated to improve the molding speed of new media art through mathematical modeling.Through machine learning, quickly understand user experience and user needs, further optimize new media art works, use artificial intelligence AI technology to simulate new media art, and simulate the whole process of user experience and interaction is the main content of this paper.This makes new media art become a typical application in the field of AICG (artificial intelligence production content). Generative AI will greatly reduce the marginal cost of creation and knowledge work, greatly improve labor productivity and economic value, and realize the generation of new media art original content at one tenth of the cost and thousands times production speed.
A Systematic Discussion of the Main Epidemic Prediction Models for the Spreading of COVID-19
Authors: Guo Yiming
Published: October 2023

Currently, many countries around the world are facing the crisis of COVID-19. Most of them cannot solve the problem of the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the four main pandemics prediction models through their advantages, shortages, the basic structures, appropriate scene as well as the improvement methods to ameliorate the whole statistical system of COVID-19. Today, the researchers have widely criticized the means and medium of data collection for the sake of pandemic spreading. Although the government has undertaken steps on the control of COVID-19, there were always many positive cases appeared at one time so that the viruses spread widely. In summary, this study offers new in sight for arranging the pandemics prediction method against the potential of the outbreak of all the epidemics.
Supporting the resilience of healthcare workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: An integrative review
Authors: Farraj Noura Hammad , Toosi Ameneh , Al Qahtani Aisha , Forgrave Daniel , Ansar Sumayya
Published: October 2023

Background: A wide range of evidence has shown that there is a crisis in the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) due to the nature of their work. Resilience has been recognized as an essential component in supporting mental health. No synthesized literature concretely defines the concept of resilience or outlines the factors that affect the resilience of HCWs in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC).Aim: To explore the definition of resilience and to provide a synthesis of the factors that affect the resilience of HCWs in the GCC.Method: Whittemore and Knafl’s framework guided this integrative review. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINHAL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), and Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) were searched systematically for peer-reviewed primary studies published between 2011 and 2022. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of nine articles were included. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the studies. The socio-ecological model was used for data extraction, analysis, and presentation of findings.Results: The definition of resilience varies across the included studies. The factors that affect the resilience of HCWs fall within three main themes: intrapersonal factors (individual characteristics and internal influences), interpersonal factors (teamwork and camaraderie), and organizational factors (work setting, availability of resources, shift length, and leadership style).Conclusions: The resilience of HCWs can be affected by multiple factors. As a result, the interventions targeting the improvement of resilience should be multi-dimensional. Organizational policies should be developed in a way that supports a culture that fosters the resilience of HCWs in the GCC.
The Application of Code-switching, Code-mixing, and the need for Bilingual Pedagogy in Brunei Religious (Ugama) Schools: A Qualitative Study Involving Generation X and Millennial Teachers
Authors: Mumin Mas Ayu
Published: October 2023

Religious (Ugama) education is a compulsory form of education apart from the mainstream education Brunei Darussalam. The Ugama schools are of autonomous management under Jabatan Pengajian Islam (JPI), a department under Brunei Ministry of Education. The classes are often conducted in a separate specified school during the weekdays and the enforced medium of instruction is the Malay language as opposed to English for the mainstream education. This research is interested in the trending application of code-switching and code-mixing in lower and upper primary level as teaching and communicating strategies employed by the teachers. The study also aims to acquire the Millennial teachers’ and Generation X teachers’ perspectives on the increasing use of the English language in Malay-medium oriented schools and its possible effects to the religious curriculum. Using in-depth interview and classroom observations as research methods, this study not only found a ‘normalized’ view on code-switching and code-mixing in lower primary level and less in upper primary level, but also majority of Generation X participants’ call for the need of formal training for English language. The Millennial participants, on the other hand, called for a move towards bilingual pedagogy for religious education to keep abreast with the mainstream education and so it could stop being viewed as secondary. The study also discovered the individual teachers’ concern for the diminishing use of the Malay language to affect the significance of religion due to the impact of cultural globalization, specifically disseminated by the internet and pop culture media. Moreover, the study also found some probable evidence of students identify English as their mother tongue, instead of Malay.
Periprosthetic Infection in Patients With Multiple Joint Arthroplasties
Authors: Mansour Elie , Clarke Henry D. , Spangehl Mark J. , Bingham Joshua S.
Published: October 2023

The number of total joint arthroplasties performed in the United States is increasing every year. Owing to the aging population and excellent long-term prosthesis survival, 45% of patients who undergo joint arthroplasty will receive two or more joint arthroplasties during their lifetimes. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is among the most common complications after arthroplasty. Evaluation and treatment of PJI in patients with multiple joint arthroplasties is challenging, and no consensus exists for the optimal management. Multiple PJI can occur simultaneously, synchronous, or separated by extended time, metachronous. Patient risk factors for both scenarios have been reported and may guide evaluation and long-term management. Whether to perform joint aspiration for asymptomatic prosthesis in the presence of suspected PJI in patients with multiple joint arthroplasties is controversial. Furthermore, no consensus exists regarding whether patients who have multiple joint arthroplasties and develop PJI in a single joint should be considered for prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce the risk of future infections. Finally, the optimal treatment of synchronous joint infections whether by débridement, antibiotics and implant retention, and one-stage or two-stage revision has not been defined. This review will summarize the best information available and provide pragmatic management strategies.