bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status of Student Internship Programs and Policies in Higher Learning Institutions of Sierra Leone
Authors: Fayiah Moses
Published: August 2024

The ninth sustainable development goal is focused on job provision and employment generation for all especially university graduates. The aim for this study was to investigate the status of internship programmes and associated policies in higher learning institutions across Sierra Leone. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. This included a desk study of critical tertiary education institutions internship statuses, their policies, acts, regulations and government educational reports. The results show that majority of tertiary institutions visited had fully operational internship programmes while 24% were yet to start the implementation of internship programmes. According to the results; two types of internship training were discovered during the study and they are: (1) Credit based university internship programme (this programme in solely undertake by higher learning institutions in exchange for credit/grade) (2); employment promotion internships (this internship is undertaken by National Youth Service Commission. Majority of students interviewed said internship is part of their academic curriculum and that all internship programmes they undertake are unpaid and without any medical or safety insurance policy. The study further revealed that some internships are done internally at learning institutions while others are carried at government, private, NGO and international organizations. Nonetheless, not all university faculties or unit undertakes internship programmes as internship was not mandatory for some faculties. The study also revealed that internship activity duration differs greatly across higher learning institutions in Sierra Leone. Some institutions send their students for few weeks while others send students for months in the field. The study concludes that, financial, accommodation, inadequate intern’s placement institutions and the unwillingness of some host institutions is the major challenge facing higher learning institutions internship programs across Sierra Leone. Constructive dialogue with educational stakeholders and students discovered that internships are the missing links in the tertiary education system of Sierra Leone and that the absence of internship training and experience from higher learning institutions are the limiting factors in building student’s confidence after graduation. It is recommended that quality assurance procedures through internship should be developed and strengthened by Tertiary Education Commission and National Council Technical and Vocational Awards for student productivity through internship.
Psychological differences in food addiction and binge eating in non-clinical population
Authors: Różycka Jagoda , Nowacki Ari , Stojek Monika M. , Łukowska Marta , Sokołowska Maryla , Zielińska Joanna , Duszkiewicz Roksana
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of food addiction (FA) and binge eating (BE) in a nonclinical population, to explore the differences between these constructs, and to examine psychological differences among individuals with any disordered eating pattern (FA, BE, and FA+BE groups).
Participants aged 18 to 55 completed the questionnaires: Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0), Binge Eating Scale (BES), The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Life Events Checklist, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), Short Impulsive Behaviour Scale (SUPPS-P), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Out of 2123 records, 492 participants met the criteria for FA, BE, or both diagnoses.
The present study showed that FA and BE symptoms are common in the general population. The FA, BE and FA+BE groups differed from the control group with respect to the YFAS score, BES score, BMI, negative urgency, restrained eating, emotional eating, depression, anxiety, stress, ACE, PCL, and LEC scores. On all those scales, participants with at least one eating disorder achieved significantly higher scores. The FA+BE group presented the most severe pattern of behavioral and emotional symptoms, followed by the FA group and then the BE group with the least amount of symptoms.
This study supports the operationalization of food addiction. FA is a broader concept than BED, with individuals experiencing both indicating the greatest functional difficulties. Trauma-related experiences frequently accompanied the symptoms, providing insight into disordered eating mechanisms. Future research should include the treatment implications of food addiction for BE patients.
Healthy Body or Pleasing Physique? A Comparison of Food Headlines Between Men’s Health and Women’s Health Magazines (2015-2019)
Authors: Henderson Sarah , Dukeshire Steven
Published: August 2024

Gender roles continue to change and evolve, including in the realm of sport that by its very nature tends to highlight the body in relation to health, fitness, and appearance. Even though newspaper and magazine headlines may prominently reflect societal norms and frames pertaining to gender, food, and health, there is a paucity of studies theorizing and/or examining the role or influence of headlines found on magazine covers related to food and gender. In the current study, a content analysis of headlines pertaining to food on the covers of fifty Women’s Health and fifty Men’s Health magazines (2015–2019) revealed that headlines from Men’s Health featured the need for men to build powerful muscle mass through consuming foods, beverages, and supplements high in protein. Snacks, drinks, supplements, and easy meals were promoted to men seemingly unable or unwilling to cook. On the other hand, headlines from Women’s Health promoted weight loss without any muscular gain achieved through preparing and consuming meals rather than relying on supplements and beverages. In both magazines, headlines implied the path to good health and an admired physique can be attained through a diet largely devoid of healthy food. Thus, rather than moving societal frames towards creating a more egalitarian society between males and females as the co-existence of these two highly similar magazines would suggest, the food headlines from Women’s Health and Men’s Health seemingly achieve just the opposite by activating and reinforcing (outdated) societal gender roles and stereotypes.
Finite Element Analysis of Prosthetic Liner Materials for Transfemoral Amputees: Biomechanical Behavior Under Dynamic Loads
Authors: Messaad Taieb
Published: August 2024

Transfemoral amputees face the need for prosthetic devices following amputation surgery, including the socket, pylon, and foot. Modern socket designs often incorporate an intervening liner to assist with cushioning needs. Such liners have a crucial role in terms of patient safety and comfort. This study investigates the impact of different prosthetic liner materials on relative stresses at the stump-prosthesis interface in transfemoral amputations by Finite Element Analysis. Using a computational model of a virtual patient, the work probes the biomechanical behavior under dynamic loads associated with normal walking, climbing up stairs, and down stairs. Specifically, memory-foam, flexible polyurethane foam, and gel type liners were evaluated based on their material properties. Variations in vertical displacement, contact pressure, and longitudinal shear stress were quantified across the different activities for each liner type. Results suggested that the polyurethane foam material performed the best at minimizing stresses and providing comfort across activities, making the flexible polyurethane foam the most promising liner material tested.
The subventricular zone neurogenic niche provides adult born functional neurons to repair cortical brain injuries in response to diterpenoid therapy
Authors: Pardillo-Díaz Ricardo , Pérez-García Patricia , Ortego-Domínguez María , Gómez-Oliva Ricardo , Martínez-Gómez Nora , Domínguez-García Samuel , García-Cózar Francisco , Muñoz-Miranda Juan Pedro , Hernández-Galán Rosario , Carrascal Livia , Castro Carmen , Nunez-Abades Pedro
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION.
Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenic niche provide neurons that integrate in the olfactory bulb circuitry. However, in response to cortical injuries, the neurogenic activity of the SVZ is significantly altered, leading to increased number of neuroblasts with a modified migration pattern that leads cells towards the site of injury. Despite the increased neurogenesis and migration, many newly generated neurons fail to survive or functionally integrate into the cortical circuitry. Providing the injured area with the adequate signaling molecules may improve both migration and functional integration of newly generated neurons.
METHODS.
In here, we have studied the effect of a diterpene with the capacity to induce neuregulin release at promoting neurogenesis in a murine model of cortical brain injury. Using green fluorescence protein expressing vectors we have labeled SVZ cells and have studied the migration of newly generated neuroblasts toward the injury in response the treatment. In addition, using electrophysiological recordings we have studied the differentiation of these neuroblasts into mature neurons and their functional integration into the cortical circuitry. We have studied their electrical properties, their morphology and cortical location.
RESULTS.
We have found that EOF2 treatment of adult mice with mechanical cortical injuries facilitates the delivery of neuroblasts into these injuries. The newly generated neurons develop features of fully functional neurons. Our results show that the newly generated neurons receive electrical inputs, fire action potentials, and undergo complete differentiation into neurons recapitulating the stages that distinguish ontogenic differentiation. These neurons develop features representative of neurons belonging the cortical layer in which they are situated. We have also studied that EOF2 facilitates neuregulin release in SVZ cells, a signaling factor that promotes neuronal differentiation. Neuregulin is expressed in microglial cells that reach the injury in response to the damage and its release is increased by EOF2 treatment.
CONCLUSION.
Promoting neuregulin release via diterpene treatment facilitates migration of SVZ-derived neuroblasts to cortical injuries stimulating their differentiation into mature functional neurons, which receive electrical inputs and develop features of cortical neurons. These findings highlight the role of diterpenoids as a potential therapy to repair cortical brain injuries.
Design and development of IoT-based wearable smart Exo-Vest for analysis of upper limb dynamics
Authors: Chakraborty Pritam , Neogi Biswarup , Das Achintya
Published: August 2024

This article describes the principles of design and development of an IoT- based wearable smart Exo-Vest (SWEV), which is used for monitoring upper limb exercises. Sensor positions, connectivity of electronic circuits, data collections along with development of real-time integrated Web-App for remote monitoring are performed. Data collected from different actors are analyzed, compared with a professional EMG recorder (RMS EMG EpMK2) and it is found that the comparative performance of our model of Exo-Vest is nearly similar to the standard EMG module. These findings highlight ExoVest's potential for real-time upper limb muscle activity monitoring, offering cost-effective muscle health management in various work environments.
Defect detection of Printed circuit board Surface based on an improved YOLOv8 with FasterNet backbone algorithms
Authors: Liu Li-Juan , Zhang Yu , Karimic Hamid Reza
Published: August 2024

Printed circuit board (PCB) constitutes a crucial element of electronic equipment, and its surface defects can seriously affect the performance and reliability of the product. To promptly and accurately detect and identify these surface defects, this paper proposes a method for defect detection of printed circuit board surface based on an improved YOLOv8 with FasterNet backbone algorithms. Firstly, FasterNet is employed as the backbone network structure to minimize unnecessary computational overhead and memory accesses, enabling a more streamlined and effective extraction of spatial characteristics. Then, in the Neck layer, the C2f module is exchanged for the C2f_NAM attention mechanism. This allows for a more precise focus on important weights, thereby reducing unnecessary computations and parameters. Finally, the loss function of YOLOv8 is substituted with WIoU, which comprehensively considers the surrounding area information and flexibly adjusts the weights. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by experimental results on two publicly available PCB datasets. The mAP50 reaches 91.1% with a P of 88.6%, and the mAP50-95 stands at 46.9% on the PCB-AoI Public dataset. On the HRIPCB dataset, the method attains a mAP50 of 94.4%, a P of 96.1%, and a mAP50-95 of 58.3%. Compared to existing methods, this method shows a comprehensive performance advantage.
Synthesis, structure characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal and antibacterial properties of 2-nitrobenzylpyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II)
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Ni Chun-Lin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, by utilizing the 2-nitrobenzylpyridinium salt and copper(II) chloride, 2-nitrobenzylpyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II) [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) was obtained. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the complex [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) analysis indicates that the molecular structure of [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) in the unit cell contains two [2-NO2BzPy]+ cations and one [CuCl4]2– anion crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The bulk phase purity, homogeneity, and morphology of [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) were checked using powder XRD. The C − H···Cl, C − H···O, and C − H···N weak hydrogen bonds were found in the crystal, which play an important role in the stacking and stabilization. According to Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure, the mostly significant contributions to the crystal packing are from H···Cl/Cl···H (35.7%), H···H (24.0%), and H···O/O···H (17.8%) contacts. FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrum, and TG-DTA measurements of 1 were investigated. The low energy gap was calculated by the UV-Vis spectrum to be 1.72 eV. Simultaneously, antibacterial studies were conducted on [2-NO2BzPy]Cl and [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4], which found that 1 had better antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Discrimination and selection of exploitable genetic diversity from a mixed population of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium) germplasm based on agro- morphological traits and potential for addressing food and nutritional security in sub- Saharan Africa
Authors: Emmanuel Constance , Uyoh Edak Aniedi , Ntui Valentine Otang , Brisibe Ebiamadon Andi
Published: August 2024

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, collectively referred to as cocoyam, are two starchy edible tuber crops. In spite of their great nutritional, medicinal and industrial potential, a major setback in their commercial utilization is the lack of consistent genetic information on several traits of economic and dietary importance as such data is presently unavailable due to lack of commercial varieties, in situ reserves, and genetic and nutritional characterization of most accessions. To better understand the spectrum of divergence as well as identify suitable genetic resources, as precursors to enhancing systematic improvement and selection programmes that would support efficient conservation strategies and industrial utilization of the crop, twenty C. esculenta and thirty X. sagittifolium accessions were evaluated using taxonomic and agronomic fingerprinting based on twenty qualitative and eight quantitative descriptor states and the data derived were analyzed using appropriate statistical packages. Twelve of the qualitative descriptors found useful in differentiating and grouping the cocoyam accessions into clusters revealed 83.58% and 79.49%, respectively, of total variations. Analysis of variance test equally demonstrated significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) among the quantitative traits, with those showing discrimination appraised from factor analysis being plant span, plant height, number of suckers, corm weight, number of cormels, weight of cormels and yield, which accounted for 82.41% and 78.01%, respectively. In addition, variations were observed in the profiles of the two cocoyam species when standard analytical techniques were used for evaluation on the basis of their nutritional signatures, with significantly higher levels of nutrients detected among the representative accessions of X. sagittifolium than those of C. esculenta. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a genetically diverse cocoyam population, which implies that the accessions are derived from several lineages, having been introduced at different times through many different routes and, possibly, by multiple agents. Together, this preliminary information is highly informative and would serve as useful guide for tracing the evolutionary relationships among the two species of cocoyam. It can also be used for creating awareness on the high dietary value of the crop to increase its utilization for food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa.
An investigation into the effects of exercise on walking economy in individuals with osteoarthritis of the hip: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hastings Bryce , O’Brien Daniel , Hatfield Gillian , Gottschall Jinger , White Steven Gordon , Reid Duncan
Published: August 2024

Background
Hip joint osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that can significantly affect the energetic cost of walking. Exercise is a high-value method for the management and maintenance of function in people with hip joint OA. Walking economy is a measure of the energetic cost of steady-state walking and is associated with declines in physical activity. Previous research has highlighted the ability of exercise programs focusing on improving gait symmetry and reducing step-to-step variability to improve walking economy in older adults. It is unknown if walking economy can be influenced by neuromuscular exercise in those with hip joint OA. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of a neuromuscular exercise program on walking economy in adults with hip joint OA.
Methods
Fifty individuals (25 per group) with hip joint OA will be recruited from the community. Following a baseline assessment, they will be randomly allocated to either 1) an exercise intervention or 2) a control group continuing usual care. The intervention group will undergo a 12-week neuromuscular exercise program focused on improving gait symmetry and reducing step-to-step variability in a group exercise setting. The primary outcome is walking economy at standard and preferred walking speeds. Secondary outcomes include spatiotemporal gait measures (step frequency, length, and width as well as stance and swing duration) and lower limb strength (handheld dynamometer, isometric mid-thigh pull, and wall sit test). Additional measures include self-reported pain, hip function, and physical activity, and body mass index (BMI).
Discussion
The findings from this study will assist practitioners in the prescription of exercises for individuals with hip joint OA. Specifically, we will determine whether a 12-week neuromuscular exercise program can improve walking economy and the likely mechanisms.
Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, registration number ACTRN12624000411549. Registered 4th April 2024.
Emergence of Sh 22.6 kDa Antigen Among the Schistosoma haematobium Infected People in Riverine Communities of the Extreme North Western Nigeria
Authors: Jafaru Suleman , Tawakaltu Isyaku Nike , Ebere Ukatu Victoria , Ibrahim Bagudo Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Background
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the emergence of Sh 22.6 kDa antigen among the S. haematobium infected people in riverine communities of the Northwestern part of Nigeria because urinary schistosomiasis is one of the most pathogenic neglected tropical diseases that emerge and reemerge-in-Nigeria. Nine hundred (900) urine samples were collected and analysed using the standard filtration method, all microscopy-positive samples were subjected to PCR analysis for confirmation of the positivity, and the PCR-positive samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis to investigate the presence of Sh 22.6 kDa.
Results
Out of 276 PCR-positive individuals, 6.2% (17/276) were harbouring Sh 22.6 kDa antigen. The distribution of the antigen was significantly associated with the location (P > 0.05); however, a higher frequency was observed in Shagari [7.1% (6/84)]. Males were more highly infected with the antigen [7.1% (14/197)] than females [3.8% (3/79)] and there was a significant association (P = 0.000). Although, the age group is not significantly associated with the antigen frequency (P > 0.05), infected people aged ≥ 56 years old had the highest Sh 22.6 kDa antigen [40.0% (2/5)] than other age groups. Bloody urine experience (P = 0.017) and urine colour (P = 0.000) were the study area's clinical manifestations associated with Sh 22.6 kDa distribution.
Conclusion
The present study showed that a small proportion of the infected people harboured S. haematobium which has Sh 22.6 kDa antigen. Therefore, health education campaigns and mass chemotherapy should be considered by the authorities concerned in the fight against urinary schistosomiasis in the area.
Production and Evaluation of Probiotic Brown Yoghurt Made from Buffalo Milk as an Innovative Functional Dairy Product
Authors: El-Hadad Sameh S. , El-Aziz Mahmoud Abd , Fouad Mohamed T. , Sayed Ahmed F. , Sayed Rehab S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Brown fermented milk has become more popular with consumers due to its high nutritional value, creamy texture, delicious caramel flavor, and brownish color. Brown yoghurt (BY), made from buffalo milk fortified with probiotic bacteria was evaluated as an innovative functional dairy product.
Methods
Standardized buffalo milk with a 1:1 protein/fat ratio was homogenized and browned at 97 ± 1°C for 4 h. At 42°C, it was inoculated with a 2.0% mixed starter culture and then divided into 4 portions. B. bifidum and L. rhamnosus, as probiotic bacteria, were added individually or in combination at a rate of 1.0% to create three treatments. The last portion without probiotics was served as a control BY.
Results
B. bifidum showed the highest viable counts when added alone or in combination with L. rhamnosus, particularly on days 7 and 15. However, the addition of B. bifidum did not improve the physical and sensory properties of the BY, which were similar to those of the control. Adding L. rhamnosus, either alone (T3) or in combination with B. bifidum (T4), greatly improved the viscosity, hardness, flavor compounds, and sensory scores of the BY. The antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals was also significantly enhanced. T3 and T4 also had a thicker body, a smoother and creamier texture, and a light caramel taste combined with a pleasant sour taste. HMF concentration in By being affected slightly by bacteria strains and storage time.
Conclusions
standardized buffalo milk fortified with L. rhamnosus alone or in combination with B. bifidum can produce a higher-quality BY that is more acceptable as an innovative functional dairy product.
An ultrasonic dry-coupling detection technique based on multilayer coupling interface
Authors: Ding Chao , Su Rui , Li MaoYang , Peng Yuerong , Wang Qiang , Tang Donglin , Li Mengxiao , Huang Xinquan
Published: August 2024

Ultrasonic Test (UT) is a technique used in industry and science for material evaluation and defect detection. Usually, a liquid coupling agent is applied between the inspection probe and the surface of the inspected workpiece to ensure the inspection performance. In this paper, we propose an ultrasonic dry-coupling inspection method based on multilayer coupling interface to address the problems of complicated operation, high inspection cost and inability to realize automated inspection of the traditional liquid coupling method. We firstly established the reflection and transmission model of ultrasonic waves in the multilayer coupling interface, and secondly, we built an ultrasonic dry-coupling experimental platform, and selected the coupling materials through the acoustic attenuation experiment and acoustic impedance matching experiment. Finally, we carried out dry-coupled ultrasonic detection experiments and compared with the traditional wet-coupled detection method. In the thickness measurement of stepped plate, the maximum detection error was 0.6%, and in the detection experiments of defective plate, the maximum detection error was 5.33%, and the results showed that our dry-coupled detection device has good detection effect.
Computerized Cognitive games versus Cognitive Exergame: The comparison of motor and cognitive functions enhancement in late-adulthood
Authors: Ghasemian Mohammadreza , Moradi Hadi , Tajpour Mahdiye , mollanuri peyman , Zamanpour Enayatollah
Published: August 2024

Background
Considering the importance of cognitive and motor functions of individuals in their late-adulthood, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive exergame, called Neurolight compared to computerized cognitive games, in enhancing core executive functions and motor performance at the end of adulthood and early old age.
Methods
A total of 36 individuals in the age range of 60 to 69 years were studied in the form of three groups: cognitive-motor exergame group using Neurolight, Computerized cognitive games group using Maghzineh, and control group.
Results
The results showed that cognitive-motor exercises using Neurolight, for 24 sessions, were able to significantly improve working memory, inhibitory control, and balance in individuals in this age group.
Conclusion
This finding supports the other studies suggesting combined cognitive and physical exercises for better effect. Based on its findings, the use of this exercise system can be suggested to coaches and therapists working with the elderly.
Supply and Demand Barriers to PHC Maternal Care Services Uptake: Qualitative and Behavioral Insights from Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Alhaji Mohammed M. , Yusuf Maryam Anike , Nyaga Robert , Singh Jaspreet , Okafor Arizechukwu , Meyo Francis , Shayau Zarah Haruna , Ozohu-Suleiman Yakubu , Isah Zainab Ibrahim , Abubakar Maryam , Umar Aisha Isa , Umar Laila
Published: August 2024

Background: Several factors influence maternal care-seeking decisions at primary healthcare facilities. Given the high maternal morbidity and mortality in northeast Nigeria, this study, rooted in the Social Ecological Model (SEM) of behaviour change, investigated the structural and cognitive barriers that limit antenatal and family planning care-seeking behaviour among households in Gombe State, Nigeria.
Method: Qualitative in-depth interviews (IDIs), each lasting 60-70 minutes, were conducted with 56 respondents, including mothers/expectant mothers (n=15), their household decision-makers/spouses (n=16), community leaders (n=16), and primary healthcare centre (PHC) service providers (n=9). The qualitative instrument was developed and analysed based on the four core elements of the SEM: individual, relational, institutional, and community-level factors. The study was conducted in Dukku, a rural local government area (LGA), and Yamaltu Deba, a peri-urban LGA.
Results: The findings indicate that the direct and indirect costs of care, service quality, and PHC proximity were the main supply-side barriers rooted in institutional-level factors. Most of the demand-side barriers were associated with individual (poor salience), relational (limited spousal support), and community-level (traditional maternal practices) factors of the SEM model. Optimism bias, overconfidence bias, and present bias are some of the demand-side psychological barriers that impede maternal care uptake. Similarly, supply-side barriers, such as poor quality of care, can significantly undermine individual and community-level demand for PHC-based maternal care.
Conclusion: The SEM model offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex, multi-layered factors influencing care-seeking behaviours toward antenatal care and family planning.
Artificial Immune based Intrusion Detection andMitigation System using Entropy FluctuationMethod and Deep Maxout Classifier
Authors: Chitte Pallavi
Published: August 2024

Attacks pose a severe threat to internet services, affecting its access in a varietyof ways.Effective attacks have the potential to cause monetary losses as wellas harm to an organization’s reputation; therefore, in order to guarantee serviceavailability, It is crucial to take precautions against such serious circumstancesand employ a comprehensive and grounded strategy to deal with these threats.This work proposes an innovative model of artificial immune system (AIS) whichintroduces entropy fluctuation process for monitoring, detecting and mitigatingthe attacks. The Multiple Kernel Analysis with Class Imbalance Processing(MKA-CIP) technique is used to balance the data once it has been acquired. Then, an immune mechanism based on entropy fluctuation is developed whichthwarts the features extraction attacks. Further, a hybrid model combining aImproved Activation Function and Loss Function (IALF) based Deep Maxoutclassifier and a Deep belief Network (DBN) model is developed. IALF-based DeepMaxout classifier adjusts both the activation function and the loss function todiscover and classify potential attacks. Once the presence of attack is detected,the attacker node is mitigated from the network with Entropy based MitigationProcess (EMP) that utilizes normalized correlation coefficient and quartiledeviation with the entropy based formulation.The proposed work attempts tooffer an integrated approach to network security by addressing issues involvingfeature extraction, data pre-processing, attack detection, and mitigation. Thisintegrated strategy offers potential improvements in the accuracy and efficiencyof cybersecurity systems.
Impact of EEG Reference Schemes on Event-Related Potential Outcomes: A Corollary Discharge Study Using a Talk/Listen Paradigm
Authors: Samantaray Subham , Goyal Nishant , Kesavan Muralidharan , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Bose Anushree , S Umesh , VS Sreeraj , Das Manul , Raj Justin , Kumar Sujeet
Published: August 2024

The selection of an appropriate virtual reference schema is pivotal in determining the outcomes of Event-Related Potential (ERP) studies, particularly within the widely utilized Talk/Listen ERP paradigm, which is employed to non-invasively explore the corollary discharge (CD) phenomenon in the speech-auditory system. This research centers on examining the effects of prevalent EEG reference schemas—Linked Mastoids (LM), Common Average Reference (CAR), and Reference Electrode Standardization Technique (REST)—through statistical analysis, Statistical Parametric Scalp Mapping (SPSM), and source localization techniques. Our ANOVA findings indicate significant main effects for both the reference and the experimental condition on the amplitude of N1 ERPs. Depending on the reference used, the polarity and amplitude of the N1 ERPs demonstrate systematic variations: LM is associated with pronounced frontocentral activity, whereas both CAR and REST exhibit patterns of frontocentral and occipitotemporal activity. The significance of SPSM results is confined to regions exhibiting prominent N1 activity for each reference schema. Source analysis provides corroborative evidence more aligned with the SPSM results for CAR than for REST or LM, suggesting that results under CAR are more objective and reliable. Therefore, the CAR reference is recommended for future studies involving Talk/Listen ERP paradigms.
A hybrid Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Efficient 3D Container Loading Problem
Authors: Fom Dung D. , Yinggui Zhang , Ndikuriyo Yves , Marius Zonou Coffi
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with the three-dimensional container loading problem (3D-CLP). Given a set of items known as boxes to be loaded into a rectangular box of larger dimensions known as a container. The aim is to maximize the space utilization and the value of the items packed in the container while adhering to fundamental constraints such as overlapping and overstepping items, orientation, and weight limits. The 3D-CLP is NP-Hard that is, finding the best solution requires exponential time. Many scholars have adopt the use of metaheuristic approaches in recent times. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid multi-objective optimization approach, a non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to address the 3D-CLP problem. In addition, we utilize the single-deep bottom left fill approach as a packing heuristic to load items into the container. The experiments demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed approach. This highlights the efficiency of the approach and demonstrates its potential relevance in real-world supply chain operations.
A Novel Additive Manufacturing Process Based on Joule Direct Energy Deposition with Laser Assistance: Continuous Directional Deformation Deposition
Authors: Liang Fupeng , Zhao Haipeng , Lu Zuhong
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a novel framework for high-speed metal wire additive manufacturing using Joule direct energy deposition and a secondary assisted heat source, such as a laser or electric arc. This forming process is defined as wire and Joule additive manufacturing (WJAM) or Continuous Directional Deformation Deposition (CDDD). The WJAM process separates the melting of the feedstock from the generating of the molten pool, that is to say, the melting of feedstock and the generating of molten pool are two independent controllable processes, thereby enhancing control over metal deformation and allowing the use of various metals. The experiments mainly included multiple materials (Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718, etc.) parts were printed based on the additive manufacturing machine prototype assembled by the author team of this article, and simulation via the finite element method (FEM) which demonstrated the thermal characteristics and the minimal laser power requirements. The WJAM process is efficient, cost-effective, high upper limit of deposition rate, and capable of producing complex and large parts with superior mechanical properties without the necessity for subsequent heat treatment. This paper elucidates the advantages of the WJAM over analogous technologies and its capacity to transform metal additive manufacturing.
Means of Forming the Axiosphere of the Future Teacher of Preschool Education
Authors:   Baranovichi State University, Kondratyuk Svetlana V.
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the relevance of the problem of the formation of the axiosphere of the personality of the future teacher of preschool education. The problem field of determining the content of the axiosphere of the personality of the future teacher of preschool education and the means of its formation in the educational process of a higher education institution is indicated. The essence of the concepts of “axiosphere of personality” and “axiosphere of personality of the future teacher of preschool education” as the area of value attitude of a person to the world is revealed. Socio-cultural factors of the formation of the axiosphere of the personality of the future teacher of preschool education are singled out. Approaches to determining value orientations in the structure of the axiosphere of the future preschool teacher are analyzed. The content of value orientations in the structure of the axiosphere of the future teacher of preschool education is presented: social, professional, personal. The components of the axiosphere of the personality of the future teacher of preschool education are considered and characterized: cognitive, emotive, behavioral and reflexive. The essence of the axiologization of the content of the educational process as a means of forming the axiosphere of the future teacher of preschool education is revealed on the example of the implementation of the special course “Axiological foundations of the profession of a preschool teacher”. The role of the teacher’s partner position as a carrier and translator of educational values is substantiated.
Estimation of the Contribution of Supply and Demand Factors to the Dynamics of Coal Prices in the Domestic Russian Market
Authors: Arshinov A. B. , Alabugin M. A.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study. Identifying the contribution of factors to price dynamics is a difficult issue, however, at present, scientists and analysts from the field of macroeconomics have proposed some ways to solve it. Existing econometric methods often show results that are inconsistent with the views of analysts of a particular market. In this article, the authors test these techniques to analyze the dynamics of prices for coal in the domestic Russian market.Materials and methods. In this paper, we used the method for determining the contribution of factors to price dynamics based on a theoretical model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply and a statistical approach to identifying shocks through the residuals of vector autoregression models. We use Rosstat data as a source of statistical data on the price level and JSC “Russian Railways” data as a proxy data source on the level of consumption and the contribution of Russian regions. The calculation was performed by using the R programming language, using the RStudio development environment.Results. The calculations show that upward price changes were more often associated with positive demand shocks; however, there are periods where supply factors contributed more to price growth. Therefore, for a few months in early 2020, prices rose largely due to the contribution of supply factors, and in early 2022 due to the contribution of demand factors. During 2021, when prices in some markets increased by two or more times, both positive demand shocks and negative supply shocks affected the Russian market.Conclusion. The results obtained from the calculations are mixed; however, they do not contradict general economic logic and are combined with a prior view about the impact of supply and demand factors on the domestic coal market. In addition, considering the compactness of this approach in terms of calculations and necessary data, we can talk about the possibility of applying this approach to market analysis on a permanent basis.
Kategoria afordancji a problem relacji struktury i sprawstwa
Authors: Tofilski Mateusz
Published: August 2024

Artykuł zawiera analizę wykorzystania kategorii afordancji w koncepcjach socjologicznych, podejmujących problematykę relacji pomiędzy strukturą społeczną a jednostkowym sprawstwem. W tekście skoncentrowano się na dwóch koncepcjach, które stanowią próbę ujęcia tej relacji w spójnym podejściu teoretycznym i bez popadania w skrajny determinizm społeczny oraz nadmierny indywidualizm. Są nimi krytyczny realizm i koncepcja habitusu Pierre’a Bourdieu. Kategoria afordancji jest przedstawiona w artykule jako użyteczne narzędzie do opisu relacji między podmiotem a środowiskiem, które to narzędzie pozwala zwrócić uwagę na czynnik materialny w badaniu struktur społecznych, przy jednoczesnym uznaniu aktywnej roli podmiotu w ich współtworzeniu. Szczególnie obiecujące jest tu osadzenie afordancji w koncepcji poznania rozproszonego, wykorzystywanej w socjologii do badania tzw. struktur socjotechnicznych.
-----------------------------------------
Zgłoszono: 30/04/2023. Zrecenzowano: 15/02/2024. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 24/04/2024.
Od Redakcji: Poznanie rozproszone – nowa teoria poznania dla kognitywistyki?
Authors: Piekarski Michał
Published: August 2024

Niniejszy zbiór tekstów poświęconych zagadnieniu poznania rozproszonego składa się z siedmiu artykułów napisanych przez naukowców z różnych środowisk akademickich w Polsce i różnych dyscyplin. Jego celem jest wywołanie interdyscyplinarnej dyskusji na temat kontrowersji związanych z filozoficznie rozwiniętą koncepcją poznania rozproszonego Witolda Wachowskiego, pojęciem afordancji oraz tzw. heurystyką ekologiczną. Książka Wachowskiego, Poznanie rozproszone. Od heurystyk do mechanizmów (2022), stanowi naturalny punkt wyjścia ze względu na wysiłek teoretyczny podjęty przez jej autora.
Filozofia chrześcijańska w obliczu sporu o podmiotowość. Piotr Duchliński, Andrzej Kobyliński, Ryszard Moń, Ewa Podrez, "Etyka a problem podmiotu", Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, Kraków 2022, ss. 287
Authors: Rejewska Julia
Published: August 2024

W swojej najnowszej książce Etyka a problem podmiotu (2022) Piotr Duchliński, Andrzej Kobyliński, Ryszard Moń i Ewa Podrez podejmują zagadnienia podmiotu i podmiotowości w perspektywie etycznej. Zabierają głos w filozoficznym sporze o podmiotowość, który rozpoznają jako podstawę wielu współczesnych problemów kultury. Jako przedstawiciele filozofii chrześcijańskiej wyrażają swój sprzeciw wobec wszelkich prób osłabienia kategorii podmiotu w etyce, jednak w celu zapoczątkowania dialogu z przedstawicielami innych nurtów filozoficznych podejmują próbę sformułowania koncepcji podmiotowości mocnej bez odniesienia do kategorii metafizycznych. W czterech rozdziałach recenzowanej monografii autorzy zwracają uwagę na takie aspekty podmiotowości, jak: racjonalność, narracyjność, autonomia, integralność i autentyczność, oraz poddają analizie koncepcje podmiotowości w wersji mocnej i słabej. Pozwala im to ukazać spór o podmiotowość jako fundamentalną debatę naszych czasów, mającą nie tylko implikacje etyczne, lecz także niekiedy trudniejsze do przewidzenia konsekwencje bioetyczne, prawne i społeczne. Różnorodność i bogactwo podejmowanych zagadnień zachęcają do konfrontacji z zajętym przez autorów stanowiskiem i podjęcia z nim rzeczowej dyskusji.
-----------------------------------------
Zgłoszono: 02/01/2024. Zrecenzowano: 03/04/2024. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 24/04/2024.
Haemobartonellosis in a Domestic Cat in Indonesia: a Case Study
Authors: Satriawan Ivan , Octaviani Devi Intan Dyah Ayu
Published: August 2024

Haemobartonellosis is a disease caused by Haemobartonella felis or Mycoplasma haemofelis, which attacks red blood cells. Ctenocephalides felis could transmit Haemobartonellosis. Further, vertical transmission from mother to offspring and blood Â transfusion from infected animals could transfer the disease to other animals. This report aimed to describe the diagnosis and medical treatment of haemobartonellosis in a domestic cat in Indonesia. Physical examinations and blood analysis were carried out. The cat weighed 1,4 kg with 39,3Â°C temperature, CRT was three seconds, mucosa looked pale, and many Ctenocephalides felis fleas were found. The clinical symptoms detected were weakness, loss of appetite, and hair loss. A blood test indicated normocytic normochromic anemia. The rod-like formation within erythrocytes in blood smear was observed. Infection with Hemobartonella felis was diagnosed based on the blood test and the presence of numerous Ctenocephalides felis. Doxycycline was administrated at 10 mg/kg BW once a day for 21 days. The cat recovered clinically after 21 days, with a good appetite, normal mucosal color, and normal temperature
ANALISIS DAMPAK BELANJA DAERAH TERHADAP KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
Authors: Alfi Nurintasya  , Dwi Budi Santoso
Published: August 2024

This study is motivated by the state of human resources in Papua Province, as evidenced by the health and education indexes, which continue to lag behind the national average. Even in terms of health and education, the Province of Papua falls short of the Province of East Nusa Tenggara, which did not even receive special autonomy funds. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of regional health and education spending on health and education quality in 29 districts/cities in Papua Province from 2011 to 2019. The 3SLS simultaneous equation model with panel data is used in the research analysis technique. According to the findings of this study, health spending has failed to improve health quality in Papua Province due to the high cost of access caused by uneven development of health facilities. Meanwhile, education spending has had a significant impact on improving education quality in Papua Province because educational facilities are more accessible to the general public, resulting in lower access costs. The research findings are expected to be useful in developing strategies to accelerate the development of qualified human resources in the Papua Province.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PASCAPANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ramadani Akhmad Asrul
Published: August 2024

The impact of easing and lifting the policy of limiting community activities in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is starting to be felt. Go-jek as an online transportation service provider in Indonesia, especially Malang City, is experiencing recovery and contributing quite a lot to GRDP. However, of all Go-jek partners, Go-ride driver partners have the lowest productivity compared to other partners. The purpose of this research is to find out the factors that influence the labor productivity of post-pandemic Go-ride driver partners in Malang City. The method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with classical assumptions and hypothesis testing. The data used are age, wages, work experience, and education level of Go-ride driver partners after the Covid-19 pandemic in Malang City. The data was obtained from direct interviews with Go-ride driver partners in Malang City. The results showed that age, wages, work experience, and education level had a positive and significant effect on the productivity of post-Covid-19 Go-ride driver partners in Malang City. Wages are the variable that has the most dominant influence compared to other independent variables.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL DALAM NEGERI DAN PENANAMAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INKLUSIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Shem Dwi Nehemia  , Prasetyia Ferry
Published: August 2024

In the process of economic development, investment has an important role that makes the economy inseparable from investment activities. Empirical research on the relationship between investment and economic growth has been carried out a lot but only focuses on the effect on economic growth without presenting the perspective of equality and social welfare which can be seen from indicators of inclusive economic growth. This research will look at how domestic investment and foreign investment contribute to inclusive economic growth in Indonesia. Using data from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2011 to 2018 which were processed using the Panel Data Regression method, it was found that foreign investment and domestic investment have a significant positive influence on inclusive economic growth in Indonesia. This result is also supported by the results of the control variable analysis, that a decrease in the open unemployment rate and an increase in government infrastructure spending will encourage inclusive growth in Indonesia.