bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apuntes sobre la categoría «liderazgo» aplicada a las teorías de los movimientos sociales
Authors: Tovar Mendoza Jesus
Published: May 2023

No presenta resumen
Occidente, Weber y América Latina heterogénea. un intento de diálogo con el anti-eurocentrismo
Authors: Rochabrún Guillermo
Published: May 2023

No presenta resumen
La tesis de Weber: una revisión crítica desde los casos de Holanda y Perú
Authors: Wils Frits
Published: May 2023

No presenta resumen
Forma urbana y segregación residencial en lima
Authors: Pereyra Omar
Published: May 2023

El artículo no presenta resumen
«Ahí sí hubo justicia»: linchamientos en el Perú actual
Authors: Lossio Chávez Félix
Published: May 2023

Se busca identificar las motivaciones de los linchamientos en el Perú actual, particularmente a (presuntos) delincuentes. El artículo señala que hay cuatro posibles motivos que «justifican» los linchamientos para sus participantes: las carencias institucionales materiales, las dificultades del proceso legal, los discursos antagónicos entre policías y vecinos, y el desconocimiento del acusado como sujeto de derechos. Se propone luego que, debido a estos motivos y a las promesas y posibilidades del linchamiento como acto mismo, a diferencia de los mecanismos legales de sanción,estas prácticas logran justamente producir una sensación de justicia en la colectividad, lo cual revitalizaría su (re)producción. Finalmente, el artículo invita a preguntarnos sobre las implicancias de este fenómeno en el desarrollo de la ciudadanía del Perú contemporáneo.
Distribución del agua en el Perú desde una perspectiva de cuenca
Authors: Sabogal Ana
Published: May 2023

El artículo plantea la importancia de integrar el concepto de cuenca a la distribución de los recursos. Se propone integrar un trabajo detallado por cuenca que involucre el cálculo del caudal de agua, la variación de la napa freática, el caudal ecológico, los volúmenes de erosión y la distribución actual del agua, para de allí plantear la distribución del agua en la cuenca. El aprovechamiento y distribución de los recursos naturales se encuentran estrechamente vinculados a la distribución del agua. Una inadecuada distribución del agua orientada solo a satisfacer el aprovechamiento de los recursos, sin tener en cuenta los ciclos ecológicos para su reposición, puede destrozar los ecosistemas existentes.El conjunto de cuencas, como unidades geográficas, deben contribuir a una gestión de recursos que permita una adecuada distribución del agua y potencie cada región, integrándola a un sistema de distribución de oportunidades, riqueza y producción en el contexto del país.
La distribución espacial de las comunidades peruanas en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Moreno Martín
Published: May 2023

Este artículo caracteriza empíricamente la distribución y concentración espacial de la población peruana que reside en los Estados Unidos. Usa los datos censales de los Estados Unidos y de métodos de la demografía espacial para identificar la magnitud de la dispersión y la concentración existente entre los migrantes peruanos de condados, así como establecer su relación con la literatura sobre los procesosde asimilación espacial. Los resultados indican la existencia de conglomerados geográficos con alta concentración de población de origen peruano que comparte el espacio con población de origen hispano y nacida fuera de los Estados Unidos. Los conglomerados, aunque heterogéneos, muestran características que permiten identificar al menos dos tipos de aglomeraciones relevantes: (i) los enclavesétnicos con alta concentración de población migrante y con acceso a menores recursos económicos y socioculturales, y (ii) las comunidades étnicas con niveles más altos de asimilación respecto de la sociedad de destino.
El día después del tsunami. Notas para comprender a los sindicatos obreros peruanos en las últimas décadas del siglo XX
Authors: Manky Omar
Published: May 2023

El siguiente es el primero de dos artículos que tienen como objetivo analizar los cambios en la cultura organizacional y las acciones colectivas de los sindicatos peruanos en la última década. En diálogo con la propuesta de Manuel Castells, se utilizan dos ejes de análisis: régimen político y modelo de desarrollo económico. A partir de estas dimensiones se propone una interpretación sobre las dinámicas colectivas de los sindicatos peruanos en las cuatro últimas décadas del siglo XX. El objetivo no es sintetizar una historia del movimiento obrero, sino articular un argumento —expuesto a través de cinco ideas centrales— que permita contextualizar las características de la acción colectiva de los obreros peruanos en los primeros diez años del siglo XXI.
Figuraciones del mundo juvenil en el cine contemporáneo, de Gonzalo Portocarrero, Fernanda Montenegro y Stephan Gruber
Authors: Lossio Chávez Felix
Published: May 2023

No contiene resumen.
Prostitución: permitida y estigmatizada. Perspectivas discursivas a partir de las historias de vida de seis mujeres que se prostituyen en El Trocadero
Authors: Gorenstein Sharon
Published: May 2023

El fenómeno social de la prostitución se encuentra inmerso en una gran cantidad de situaciones, lamentablemente la mayor parte de ellas invisibilizadas y oscurecidas desde los estigmas generados a partir del orden moral y social imperante. Es posible, sin embargo, dentro de esta variedad de situaciones, interpretar a la prostitución desde el contexto de un antiguo prostíbulo con licencia que, desde los años setenta, ha albergado a un gran número de mujeres que optaron por ejercer la prostitución. Es a partir de este contexto que se busca desentrañar una situación paradójica a partir de seis entrevistas a profundidad a mujeres que se prostituyen en El Trocadero: mujeres que aun trabajando en un prostíbulo legal se encuentran estigmatizadas socialmente.
Cuerpo, masculinidad y estilo en jóvenes de sectores altos de Lima
Authors: Villa Julio
Published: May 2023

Esta investigación aborda la masculinidad desde el cuerpo tomando como eje de análisis la estética corporal para poder arrojar luces sobre una dimensión poco estudiada y sobre la experiencia y re- presentación de la masculinidad en un sector que falta explorar. Los trabajos sobre masculinidades en América Latina y el mundo señalan tres componentes esenciales: la demostración constante de la masculinidad, la diferenciación con lo femenino y homosexual y el control de las emociones. Este trabajo evidencia que, en el sector social explorado, las fronteras de la masculinidad se amplían y los tres componentes antes señalados se reducen en intensidad mientras que se vislumbra la importancia del cuerpo como factor de individuación e innovación estética. Realizando una etnografía en dos tiendas de diseño independiente en Lima se observa que la apariencia se produce cuando se intersecta el gusto propio, el trabajo del vendedor como intermediador cultural y la figura femenina.
Afectados ambientales. Hacia una conceptualización en el contexto de luchas por el reconocimiento
Authors: Berger Mauricio
Published: May 2023

Este trabajo propone una reflexión situada sobre la potencialidad política de la noción de afectados ambientales en un marco de lucha por los derechos, para promover una conceptualización densa y acorde con la situaciones de padecimiento y vulneración de derechos que padecen las víctimas de la contaminación ambiental. Primero, describimos una experiencia fecunda en ejemplos, destacando la trama institucional de la injusticia recorrida por los afectados y los dispositivos de denegación de reconocimiento, así como las comunidades formadas por y para las víctimas. Segundo, realizamos un repaso de algunos contextos de uso de la noción de afectados ambientales que pueden contribuir a fortalecer —en el caso particular analizado y, por extensión, en otros— una autocomprensión público- política para el efectivo reconocimiento.
Effect of Harvesting Time on the Seed Quality of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) COHM 8
Authors: Aswin C. , Geetha R. , Sujatha K. , Vanniarajan C. , Sivakumar T.
Published: May 2023

Background: The present study was aimed to identify the optimum harvest time in hybrid Maize COHM 8 for better seed yield and quality. Seed ability to produce vigorous seedlings is a significant characteristic of any productive crop. The ideal harvest time is one of the factors that contribute to high seed vigor. Methods: In this proposed study hybrid maize crop was raised at Agricultural Research Station, Veppanthattai, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu during 2021-22 and seeds were harvested at five days intervals starting from 40 days after tasseling and evaluated for its vigour through cold test, accelerated aging test, seed leachate test etc in addition to germination test. Result: The seed moisture content was optimum in the seeds harvested at 50 days after tasseling. In the cold test, seeds harvested at 50 days after tasseling performed better (germination of 90%) than other days of harvest, whereas seeds harvested at 40 days after tasseling (germination of 50%) resulted least compared to other days of harvest. The vigour test and accelerated aging test revealed that seeds harvested at 50 days after tasseling reached germination of 90%, the required minimum germination as per the Indian minimum seed certification standards (IMSCS) on the 3rd day of accelerated aging against germination of 48% with seeds harvested after 40 days. Hence it can be concluded that seeds could be harvested between 50-55 days for the maize hybrid COHM 8.
In vivo Fertility Assessment of Frozen Thawed Pantja Buck Semen
Authors: Dhara Souvik , Gupta H.P. , Thakur S. , Anwar S.M.S. , Ramanarayana S. , Kumar S. , Sharma M. , Sharma R.K.
Published: May 2023

Background: Pantja is a medium sized, dual purpose Tarai goat breed of Uttarakhand and adjacent area of Uttar Pradesh. Due to the lack of pure breeding buck and uncontrolled cross breeding, population of this breed is reducing continuously. Therefore, for preservation and dissemination of this pure breed, cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination by using frozen thawed semen can play a crucial role. Methods: Semen samples were collected from four sexually matured Pantja bucks and after preliminary evaluation extended in tris egg yolk based extender. Post thaw semen was examined for microscopical and certain biochemical evaluation. A total 12 does were inseminated and pregnancy diagnosis was conducted at 45 days onwards by ultrasonography. Result: Post thaw seminal attributes were significantly (P£0.01) reduced in comparision to freshly diluted semen. Total six does (50.00%) were pregnant and five (83.33%) of them gave birth to healthy kids. Among these five, three does (60.00%) gave birth to single and two does (40.00%) gave birth to twins.
Factors Affecting Mechanization Index and Farm Power Availability in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rahaman S. , Vinayak M. , Venkat R. , Mohan S. Sai , Babu B. Hari
Published: May 2023

Background: Agriculture is the most vital sector of the Indian economy. In 2020, India’s population was 1.38 billion, with a projected growth of 1.80 billion by 2050. As a result, more food must be produced to meet the demands. Mechanization is recognized as an important input for increasing agricultural production. It assures timely field operations, improves product quality and quantity, improves input-use efficiency and reducing labour costs and drudgery. Methods: Randomly, 5 Mandals are selected; within each Mandal, 5 villages are chosen randomly; and from each village, 20 farmers are chosen at random. For the survey, a sample of 500 farmers from 25 villages was selected to examine the mechanization index and farm power availability by considering factors such as social status, landholding and economic status of farmers. Result: According to the study’s findings, that the average mechanization index and average farm power availability were 68% and 1.64-kW ha-1, respectively. The influencing factors that observed from the study was lack of knowledge about how to use farm machines and implements, lower annual income of farmers and marginal farmers who cannot afford to buy expensive machinery and implements. The mechanization index and farm power availability increase linearly with the farmer’s economic status.
Study the Effect of Different Renewable Carbon Sources on the Succinic Acid Biosynthesis by Optimization Culture Composition using 4-Liter Scale Bioreactor
Authors: Alsaheb Ramzi A. Abd , Mohammed Malik Mustafa , Lafi Ahmad Sh. A. , Abdullah Jaafar Kamil , Abbas Azza Hashim
Published: May 2023

Background: The succinic acid demand accelerated through the years. Thus, the need to improve acid production economically is aggravated. The fermentation process by succinate bacteria showed promising acid production. However, due to different bacteria characteristics, mediums composition and operating conditions, a fixed quantity of succinic acid production cannot be determined or generalized. Recently, raising interest in examining cheap mediums in the fermentation process brought attention to utilizing different raw materials. Nevertheless, its influence on production is not fully comprehended. Methods: This research aims to develop an evaluation of three succinate bacteria on succinic acid production. Also, it aims to demonstrate a comparative analysis of the Succinic acid production by three raw carbon sources (Corn fiber, Cane molasses and orange peel). The flask batch method and the 4-L Bioreactor were employed in the evaluation. Result: The results of the study showed that the Actinobacillus succinogenes is the best succinate bacteria to provide commercial Succinic acid. The presence of 10 g of glucose was satisfactory in improving the fermentation among all bacteria. The highest Succinic acid production was 12.8 g/L provided by the corn fiber. The lowest succinic acid production was 18% less than the glucose medium that the orange peel gave. The results revealed a significant impact of the raw material composition on the production outcomes. At the bioreactor, the cells exhibited an exponential phase with rate growth of 0.175 [g/L.h] and the maximum Succinic acid produced was 25 g/L.
LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE TO ENRICH THE HIV/AIDS EDUCATION FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors:   RN, MAN, EdD., Assistant Professor III, Department of Arts and Sciences, City College of Calamba, Calamba City, Philippines, Quintana Marc Lester F. , Martinez Ma. Cecilia O. ,   RM, RN, MAN, EdD., Associate Professor 2, College of Nursing, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Manila, Philippines
Published: May 2023

This research determined the degree of leadership initiative of the 376 senior high school students from Laguna Philippines Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) to enrich their HIV/AIDS education. Results showed that the students have high levels of knowledge and awareness on HIV/AIDS and its effects on physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. They have a high status of opportunities in terms of their current senior high school curriculum vis-à-vis HIV/AIDS education; which means that the students have a high degree of becoming leaders on their own accord; especially if the local colleges and universities coordinate and collaborate with each other. Health Education on HIV/AIDS was a joint effort of these collaborations that educated the senior high school students accurately and completely about HIV/AIDS. Results also showed that the students have a high status of challenges and weaknesses, and low status of strengths for their current senior high school curriculum vis-à-vis HIV/AIDS education. Thus, it was recommended that they must become more conscious on what level do they understand/know about HIV /AIDS; be transformed in terms of their attributes in becoming leaders advocating about HIV/AIDS for every young person in every community.
The Challenges of Setting Up a Clinical Study with the New European Union Medical Device Regulation
Authors: Rêgo Sílvia , Dutra-Medeiros Marco , Nunes Francisco
Published: May 2023

N/a.
Noise Impact on a Recurrent Neural Network with a Linear Activation Function
Authors:   Saratov State University, Moskvitin V. M. ,   Saratov State University, Semenova N. I.
Published: May 2023

In this paper we analyze an echo state neural network (ESN) in the presence of uncorrelated additive and multiplicative white Gaussian noise. Here we consider the case where artificial neurons have a linear activation function with different slope coefficients. We consider the influence of the input signal, memory and connection matrices on the accumulation of noise. We have found that the general view of variance and the signal-to-noise ratio of the ESN output signal is similar to only one neuron. The noise is less accumulated in ESN with a diagonal reservoir connection matrix with a large “blurring” coefficient. This is especially true of uncorrelated multiplicative noise.
Cell Survival: Deluxe Edition
Authors:   University of Dundee, Williams Thomas , Erolin Caroline ,   University of Dundee, McMahon Muireann ,   University of Dundee
Published: May 2023

Cells are the smallest units of life. The environment around cells is always changing and cells need to adapt to survive. Can you keep your cell alive in this special edition of Cell Survival? Great for 1 or more people age 3+, lasts around 15 mins per game.
Economic Impact of the Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Diabetic Foot Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Pérez-Montes Alejandra , Ricou Ríos Laura , Pons Calsapeu Arnau , López Seguí Francesc , Riera Clàudia , Sirvent Marc , Reynaga Esteban , Viadé Jordi , Malagon Paloma , Soldevila Berta , Perez Ricard , Casademunt Elena , Bonet Glòria , Puig Domingo Manel , Estrada Oriol , Alonso Núria
Published: May 2023

Aims: Multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinics have been shown to be an effective therapeutic model for reducing major amputations and mortality rates. The aim of this article is to assess the economic impact of the implementation of a multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic in a hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Methods: Observational cost-benefit study of all subjects with diabetes admitted with the diagnosis of a major amputation due to diabetic foot from 2010 to 2020. Direct and indirect costs were compared before and after the introduction of the multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic. Results: The individual cost per patient with diabetic foot was €14,768 before the implementation of the unit. After the implementation of the clinic, the expected cost was reduced to €5,985 due to a 40% reduction in the probability of hospitalization. Overall, the implementation of the clinic resulted in cost savings per patient valued at €8,783, of which, €7,165 are related to hospital benefits. Conclusion: The results of this analysis contributes to the evidence suggesting that multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinics are cost-effective, by demonstrating that they have a positive impact on patient health while also reducing the utilization of healthcare resources.
Aerosacculitis Caused by Enterobacteria and Eggs of the Superfamily Diplotriaenoidea in Megascops choliba in the Amazon Biome
Authors: Oliveira Hanna Gabriela da Silva , Santos Rafaelle Cunha dos , Lopes Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque , Souza Ananda Iara de Jesus , Almeida Débora da Vera Cruz , Scalercio Sarah Raphaella Rocha de Azevedo , Domingues Sheyla Farhayldes Souza , Salvarani Felipe Masiero
Published: May 2023

This study aims to report the clinical signs, therapy, necropsy, and histopathological findings of the first case of airsacculitis caused by enterobacteria and eggs of the superfamily Diplotriaenoidea in M. choliba in the Amazon Biome. The bird was admitted without clinical signs, had been hospitalized for observation for five months, and had started the rehabilitation process for release 37 days before it started to show signs of weakness, lack of appetite, cachexia, dyspnea, ruffled feathers, vomiting, and dry feces. Therapy with oxytetracycline (48 mg/kg), sulfamethoxazole (48 mg/kg), mebendazole (25 mg/kg), potenay (0.5 ml/kg), sodium chloride 0.9% (50 ml /kg) and mercepton (5ml/kg), however, after five days of starting the treatment, the bird died. At necropsy, prominence of the keel, pieces of food in the oral cavity and proventriculus, thickened air sacs, intestine with firm stools, and the presence of gas, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were observed. The parasitological examination showed eggs of the Diplotriaenoidea superfamily. The microbiological analysis identified Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Histopathological examination showed heterophilic bacterial airsacculitis. The diagnosis was confirmed through clinical signs, necropsy findings, and parasitological, microbiological, and histopathological examination results.
Optimization of Electron and Hole Transport Layer to Model A Lead-Free Inorganic Cs3Bi2I9 Based Perovskite Solar Cell and Investigating the Effects of Different Attributes on Device Performance
Authors: Das Arnob , Banik Sujan , Das Barun K. , Islam Nurul
Published: May 2023

Research on the lead halide-based perovskite solar cells have obtained considerable interest in photovoltaic industry owing to their higher efficiency, easy manufacturing, light-weight and low cost. However, these lead halide-based solar cells are not suitable to manufacture commercially because of the toxicity of lead-based materials. In this context, a lead-free perovskite, cesium-bismuth iodide (Cs3Bi2I9) is considered as a potential alternative to the lead halide-based cell due to their non-toxicity and stability, but this perovskite cannot be matched with random hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) materials compared to lead halide-based perovskite because of their crystal structure and band gap. Therefore, in this study, performance comparison of different ideal HTL and ETL materials for Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite layer were studied using SCAPS-1D device simulation on the basis of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF) as well as several novel PSC configuration model were designed that can direct for further experimental research for PSC device commercialization. Results from this investigation reveals that the maximum efficiency of 20.96% is obtained for the configuration ITO/WS2/Cs3Bi2I9­/NiO/Au with optimized parameters such as thickness 400 nm, band gap 2.1eV, absorber layer defect density 1012 cm-3, donor density of ETL 1018 cm-3 and the acceptor density of HTL 1020 cm-3.
The Influence of Urban Gardening Activities on Participants’ Perceived Restorativeness, Resilience, Sense of Community and Stress
Authors: Kim Hee-Ran , Oh Won-Suk , Kim Jin Gun , Shin Won Sop
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate the influence of urban garden activities on participants' Perceived restorativeness, resilience, sense of community, and stress reduction. Ninety individuals who agreed to participate to the experiment were divided into experimental and control groups. To collect data 16 sessions of urban garden activities were conducted every two weeks from May to November of 2022. Perceived Restorativeness Scale, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, Sense of Community Index, and Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument were employed to measure participants’ psychological effects. To evaluate physiological effect salivary cortisol tests were performed. The results of the study revealed that urban gardening activities influenced on participants' physiological and psychological reactions in positive ways.
Fecal Microbiota and Associated Volatile Organic Compounds Distinguishing No Adenoma From High-Risk Colon Adenoma Adults
Authors: Katsaounou Kyriaki , Yiannakou Danae , Nikolaou Elpiniki , Brown Cameron , Vogazianos Paris , Aristodimou Aristos , Chi Jianxiang , Costeas Paul , Agapiou Agapios , Frangou Elisavet , Tsiaoussis George , Potamitis George , Antoniades Athos , Shammas Christos , Apidianakis Yiorgos
Published: May 2023

Microbiota and the metabolites they produce within the large intestine interact with the host epithelia under the influence of a range of host-derived metabolic, immune, and homeostatic factors. This complex host-microbe interaction affects intestinal tumorigenesis but established microbial or metabolite profiles predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are missing. Here we describe alterations in fecal bacteria and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in healthy (Non-Adenoma, NA) versus CRC prone (High-Risk Adenoma, HRA) individuals. Analyzing samples from 117 participants undergoing routine colonoscopy we highlight the higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Parabacteroides distasonis, and the lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae species, Roseburia faecis, Blautia luti, Fusicatenibacter saccharovorans, Eubacterium rectale and Phascolarctobacterium faecium, in the fecal samples of HRA individuals. Volatolomic analysis reveals higher concentration in the feces of HRA individuals of 5 compounds, isobutyric acid, methyl butyrate, methyl propionate, 2-hexanone and 2-pentanone. Interestingly, there is a level of complexity revealed by assessing fecal bacteria-VOC associations and another one by assessing differences in these associations between NA and HRA individuals. For example, isobutyric acid corelates positively with the Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis and Bacteroides genera in NA individuals, and negatively in HRA individuals. In contrast, Coprococcus and Colinsella genera correlate negatively with isobutyric acid in NA individuals, and positively in HRA individuals. The described differences in the fecal microbiota and VOC profiles and their associations in NA versus HRA individuals indicate the significance of multiple levels of combinatorial analysis towards the identification of testable CRC risk biomarkers.
New Numerical Method Based on Linear Damage Evolution Law for Predicting Mechanical Properties of TiB2/6061Al
Authors: Fu Weigang , Ma Junchi , Liao Zhe , Xiong Huanjie , Fu Yaoming , Wang Bin
Published: May 2023

In order to study the effect of TiB2 particles on the mechanical properties of TiB2/6061Al composites, a series of TiB2/6061Al 3D representative volume element (RVE) were established based on SEM photos. This model took into account the ductile damage of the matrix and the traction separation behavior of the interface, and the linear damage evolution law was introduced to characterize the stiffness degradation behavior of the matrix elements. The mixed boundary conditions were used for RVE tensile experiments, and the accuracy of the predicted result was verified by the agreement of the experimental stress-strain curve. Results show that the addition of TiB2 particles can effectively promote the load-bearing capacity of the composite, but elongation is reduced. With the weight fraction of TiB2 increasing from 2.5% to 12.5%, the elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength are increased by 8%, 10.37%, and 11.55% respectively, while the elongation decreased by 10%. The clustering rate of the TiB2 particles is also an important factor affecting the toughness of the composites. With the increase in the clustering rate of TiB2 particles from 20% to 80%, the load-bearing capacity of the composites is not improved, and the elongation of the composites is reduced by 8%. Moreover, the high strain region provides a fast expansion path for crack propagation and the particle spacing is a crucial factor that affects the stress field.
The Historical Trends and Recent Collapse of European Eel, Anguilla anguilla Fishery in the Neretva Estuary (Eastern Adriatic, Croatia)
Authors: Glamuzina Branko
Published: May 2023

The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, was the most important fishery resource in European estuaries for centuries. More recently, most local stocks throughout the species' range have collapsed for a variety of reasons. This article focuses on historical records and the recent collapse in the Neretva estuary (Croatia), the most important eel fishery ground on the eastern Adriatic coast. Historical records were analyzed through an examination of various available databases, including scientific articles, technical literature, and gray literature. Additional descriptions were obtained using local ecological knowledge methodology and interviews with various stakeholders. The comparative analysis shows that the historical eel catch (the 1930s) under pristine habitat conditions should be estimated at 100 tons, officially recognized and additionally estimated. The decline in catches began in the 1960s and was associated with the massive reclamation of important eel lagoons for agriculture and port areas when officially recognized catches at state stations averaged 45 tons per year. The main reasons for this dramatic decline in eel fisheries and biological status in the Neretva estuary are a significant reduction of, an increase in recreational fishery, the establishment of invasive predatory fish species, and strong development of local demand in tourism. The results of this study indicate that the local eel population will rapidly become extinct in the future unless various measures are developed and applied to protect it, restrict fishing and market control, restore habitat, and control invasive and competing species.
Checkpoint Inhibitors Induced Colitis: From Pathogenesis to Management
Authors: Terrin Maria , Migliorisi Giulia , Dal Buono Arianna , Gabbiadini Roberto , Mastrorocco Elisabetta , Quadarella Alessandro , Repici Alessandro , Santoro Armando , Armuzzi Alessandro
Published: May 2023

The advent of immunotherapy and specifically of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of solid tumors has deeply transformed therapeutic algorithms in medical oncology. Approximately one third of patients treated with ICIs may develop immune-related adverse events, being the gastrointestinal tract often affected with different grades of mucosal inflammation. Checkpoint inhibitors colitis (CIC) presents with watery or bloody diarrhoea and in case of severe activity requires ICIs discontinuation. The pathogenesis of CIC is multifactorial and still partially unknow: anti-tumor activity that collaterally effects the colonic tissue and the upregulation of specific systemic inflammatory pathways (i.e., CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ T lymphocytes) are mainly involved. Many open issues remain on treatment timing and options, and biological treatment, above all with anti-TNF alpha, can be offered to these patients aiming to rapidly resume the oncological therapies. This review aims to summarize the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CIC and to discuss evidenced-based management including the role of biological therapy.
Citizen Science and the University of Queensland Seis-Mo-Graph Stations (UQSS) – A Study of Seismic T Waves in S-W Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lynam Colin John , Hearn Steve , Karunaratne Asanka
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This paper summarises an early and successful piece of citizen science, performed within The University of Queensland Seismograph Stations (UQSS) observatory, in cooperation with colleagues at CSIRO. It was designed to en-courage young STEM students from Brisbane high schools to engage in “real” re-search, back in 1995. Having completed the project report, their (analog) results sat in a cupboard until the report was dusted off and the project was re-analysed in 2022 by an honors student, considering timely climate change applications for the study. This is a time when science is changing considerably from analog to digital medium and operational methods.
The original project was called Earthquake generated T phases on BRS Seismograph (Brisbane, Q’ld)- a predictor for Tasman Sea Tsunamis? [1] Fortunately, seismology is a very collaborative field. The research question has since changed. There is a lot of data analysis involved in the science of recording earthquake signals, with auxiliary definitive catalogues, observers logbooks, housing of the recordings themselves (analog and digital) and the software mediums that change over time. In other words, a lot of headaches can be encountered in longitudinal data collection study such as this. The citizen science students used a pre-prepared decadal collection (1980-90) derived from the BRS observatory data catalogue. BRS is part of the global World-Wide Seismograph Station Network (WWSSN).
Currently in Australia, university earth science observatories have diminished, and in their place, public seismic networks (PSN) have evolved, either in back-yard sheds or school science labs. The level of expertise required fits the role of advancing citizen science for a real science advantage. This is a topical citizen disaster preparedness action area for today’s climate emergency, which is threatening the globe and all lifeforms. Citizen engagement or mobilisation is an essential preparedness strategy.
Keywords: citizen science 1; seismology 2; earth observation 3; climate change 4; education for sustainable development 5; disaster preparedness 6; disaster alerts 7
Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in ECMO: Pathophysiology, Neuromonitoring, and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Khanduja Shivalika , Kim Jiah , Kang Jin Kook , Feng Cheng-Yuan , Vogelsong Melissa Ann , Geocadin Romergryko G , Whitman Glenn , Cho Sung-Min
Published: May 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), in conjunction with its life-saving benefits, carries a significant risk of acute brain injury (ABI). Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is one of the most common types of ABI in ECMO patients. Various risk factors such as history of hypertension, high day 1 lactate level, low pH, cannulation technique, large peri-cannulation PaCO2 drop (∆PaCO2), and early low pulse pressure, have been associated with the development of HIBI in ECMO patients. The pathogenic mechanisms of HIBI in ECMO are complex and multifactorial, attributing to the underlying pathology requiring initiation of ECMO and the risk of HIBI associated with ECMO itself. HIBI is likely to occur in the peri-cannulation or peri-decannulation time secondary to underlying refractory cardiopulmonary failure before or after ECMO. Current therapeutics target pathological mechanisms, cerebral hypoxia and is-chemia, by employing targeted temperature management in the case of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR), and optimizing cerebral O2 saturations and cerebral perfusion. This review describes the pathophysiology, neuromonitoring, and therapeutic techniques to improve neurological outcomes in ECMO patients so as to prevent and minimize the morbidity of HIBI. Further studies aimed at stand-ardizing the most relevant neuromonitoring techniques, optimizing cerebral perfusion, and minimizing the severity of HIBI once it occurs will improve long-term neurological outcomes in ECMO patients.
The Effect of Microbial Inoculum and Urea Supplements on Nutritive Value, Amino Acids Profile, Aerobic Stability and Digestibility of Wheat and Corn Silages
Authors: Wagali Philip , Pelech Ira , Sabastian Chris , Ben Ari Julius , Tagari Haim , Mabjeesh Sameer J.
Published: May 2023

Wheat and corn silages are widely used as ruminant feed in Israel due to their availability and cost-effectiveness. To ensure long-term preservation without compromising nutritional quality, effective methods must be employed. Inclusion of additives during harvest and ensiling can enhance efficiency and address preservation challenges. In the current study, the effects of microbial inoculum (MI) and urea on the chemical composition, amino acid profiles, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of wheat and corn silages were investigated. Samples of wheat and corn were subjected to four treatments: control, MI, Urea, and a combination of MI+Urea. The treatments were ensiled in anaerobic conditions and opened after 1, 7, 14, or 28 days. Results showed that additives improved the quality parameters of wheat and corn silages. The inclusion of MI produced the most aerobically stable silages. The inclusion of urea in silages deteriorated aerobic stability. Additives improved in vitro cell wall carbohydrates digestibility in both silages and was the best when MI was combined with urea. These results imply additives could be incorporated in silages to enhance their nutritional value, aerobic stability and digestibility. Nonetheless, increased CP content with additives was not accompanied with parallel increase in amino acids content in corn silage.
CSF Soluble TREM2 Concentrations Correlate With the Severity of Neurofibrillary Degeneration, Cognitive Impairment, and Inflammasome Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Popovački Ena Španić , Leko Mirjana Babić , Langer Horvat Lea , Brgić Klara , Vogrinc Željka , Boban Marina , Klepac Nataša , Borovečki Fran , Goran Šimić
Published: May 2023

People with specific TREM2 gene variants are more prone to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). The TREM2 receptor regulates the number of myeloid cells, phagocytosis, and the inflammatory response via interacting with apolipoproteins and amyloid. Higher TREM2 expression has been found to protect against AD. When TREM2 activity increases, the activity of genes involved in the activation of microglia cells decreases. This can improve the efficiency of phagocytosis. When TREM2 is highly expressed and the inflammasome is activated, the results are not always congruent. Therefore, this study aimed to discover how sTREM2 levels in CSF and plasma samples relate to other indices of AD pathology. We examined 98 AD plasma samples, 35 plasma samples of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 11 healthy controls (HC) plasma samples, as well as 155 AD CSF samples, 90 MCI CSF samples, and 50 HC CSF samples. CSF sTREM2 levels were higher in the AD group than in the MCI and HC groups, in contrast to plasma sTREM2. This shows that CSF sTREM2 levels could be used to distinguish between healthy and AD patients. CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly correlated with neurofibrillary changes, cognitive decline, and inflammasome activity in AD patients. While our findings are consistent with previous research, future studies will need to include more patients and employ standardized methodological approaches to add CSF sTREM2 to the list of biomarkers for AD.
Dynamic Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Arresting Hook Engaging Cable in Carried-based Aircraft Landing
Authors: Shao Haoyuan , Kan Zi , Wang Yifeng , Li Daochun , Yao Zhuoer , Xiang Jinwu
Published: May 2023

The engagement of the arresting hook with the arresting cable is a critical maneuver that is essential to the safe operation of aircraft landing on aircraft carrier. A comprehensive understanding of the engagement process dynamics is necessary to optimize landing performance and ensure the safety and efficiency of carrier operations. In this paper, an efficient and accurate simulation and analysis method is presented for studying the arresting hook engaging arresting cable process. The Finite Element Method and Multibody Dynamics (FEM-MBD) approach is employed. By establishing a rigid-flexible coupling model encompassing the aircraft frame, arresting hook, carrier deck and arresting gear system, the dynamic model for the engagement process is obtained. The model incorporates multiple coordinate systems to effectively capture the relative motion between the rigid and flexible components, enabling a thorough understanding of the dynamics characteristics. The analysis conducted in this paper takes into account various factors, including the material properties of the components, the characteristics of the arresting gear system, and the state of the aircraft during the engagement process. The analysis method is verified by comparing the simulation results with experiments of arresting hook rebound obtained from reference. Finally, simulations are performed to analyze the engagement process under different touchdown points and rolling angle of aircraft. The simulation results provide valuable insights into the distribution of stresses during the arresting hook and cable engagement, the center of gravity variations, as well as the response of the tire touch and rollover cable under specific scenarios. The proposed rigid-flexible coupling arresting dynamics model in this paper enables effective analysis of the dynamic behavior during arresting hook engaging arresting cable. The results obtained from this analysis offer valuable insights into the performance of the engagement process, which can be used to improve the design of carrier-based aircraft and techniques for carrier landing.
Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases as Modulators in Adipose Tissue Phenotype and Function
Authors: Wu Qingyu , Li Shuo , Zhang Xianrui , Dong Ningzheng
Published: May 2023

Adipose tissue is a crucial organ in energy metabolism and thermoregulation. Adipose tissue phenotype is controlled by various signaling mechanisms under pathophysiological conditions. Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are a group of trypsin-like enzymes anchoring on the cell surface. These proteases act in diverse tissues to regulate physiological processes, such as food digestion, salt-water balance, iron metabolism, epithelial integrity, and auditory nerve development. More recently, several members of the TTSP family, namely, hepsin, matriptase-2, and corin, have been shown to play a role in regulating lipid metabolism, adipose tissue phenotype, and thermogenesis, via direct growth factor activation or indirect hormonal mechanisms. In mice, hepsin deficiency increases adipose browning and protects from high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Similarly, matriptase-2 deficiency increases fat lipolysis and reduces obesity and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. In contrast, corin deficiency increases white adipose weights and cell sizes, suppresses adipocyte browning and thermogenic responses, and causes cold intolerance in mice. These findings highlight an important role of TTSPs in modifying cellular phenotype and function in adipose tissue. In this review, we provide a brief description about TTSPs and discuss recent findings regarding the role of hepsin, matriptase-2, and corin in regulating adipose tissue phenotype, energy metabolism, and thermogenic responses.
Heat-Related Knowledge, Risk Perception, and Precautionary Behavior Among Indonesian Forestry Workers: Implications for Occupational Health Promotion in the Face of Climate Change Impacts
Authors: Yovi Efi Yuliati , Nastiti Anindrya , Kuncahyo Budi
Published: May 2023

Forestry workers play a crucial role in implementing forest management programs, but their outdoor work exposes them to rising temperatures caused by global climate change, which poses potential health risks related to heat. This study focuses on Indonesian forestry workers and examines the relationship between their knowledge of heat-related issues, risk perception, and precautionary behavior in dealing with increasing workplace heat exposure. Developing effective precautionary behavior is essential for preventing heat-related health disorders and promoting health protection programs. To facilitate a comprehensive comparison of the three variables, interviews were conducted with two groups of outdoor workers, comprising 210 forestry workers and 215 paddy farmers. The findings indicate that increasing knowledge about heat-related issues promotes precautionary behavior, and risk perception acts as a mediator between knowledge and behavior. Additionally, the study highlights that the emotion of "dread" intensifies perceived risk and predicts positive behavior change. To enhance heat-related knowledge, exploring the potential use of a "fear" tone is important. In conclusion, comprehensive strategies need to be implemented to promote precautionary behavior among vulnerable forestry workers, particularly manual laborers.
Linear and Nonlinear Models for Drop Simulation of Aircraft Landing Gear System with MR Dampers
Authors: Kang Byung-Hyuk , Jo Bang-Hyun , Kim Bo-Gyu , Hwang Jai-Hyuk , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: May 2023

In this study, the focus is on the drop test simulation of an MR (Magnetorheological) damper-based main landing gear (MRMLG), aiming to explore multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic models during aircraft landing. Three different 6-DOF dynamic models are proposed in this work and their drop performances are compared with results achieved one of commercial softwares. The proposed models include a nonlinear aircraft model (NLAM), a linearized approximated aircraft model (LAAM) linearizing from the nonlinear equations of motion in NLAM, and a fully approximated aircraft model (FAAM) which linearizes the MRMLG's strut force model. In order to evaluate drop performance of the aircraft landing gear system with MR dampers, a 7-DOF aircraft model incorporating the nonlinear MRMLG is formulated using RecurDyn. The principal comparative param-eters are the coefficient of determination (R2) for system response of each model with Re-curDyn model and root mean square error (RMSE) which is the ensembles of CG dis-placement data for each model. In addition, the ensemble of time series data is created for diverse drop scenarios, providing valuable insights into the performance of the proposed drop test models of the aircraft landing gear system featuring MR dampers.
Human Olfactory Receptor Sensor for Odor Reconstitution
Authors: Kuroda Shun'ichi , Nakaya-Kishi Yukiko , Tatematsu Kenji , Hinuma Shuji
Published: May 2023

Among the five human senses, light, sound, and force perceived by eye, ear, and skin, respectively are physical actions, and therefore can be easily measured and expressed as objective, univocal, and simple digital data with physical quantity. However, taste and odor molecules perceived by tongue and nose are chemical actions, it has been difficult to express them as objective and univocal digital data, since no reference chemicals can be defined. Therefore, while the recording, saving, transmitting to remote locations, and replaying human visual, auditory, and tactile information as digital data in digital devices has been realized (this series of data flow is defined as DX (digital transformation) in this review), the DX of human taste and odor information is not yet in the realization stage. Particularly, since there are at least 400,000 types of odor molecules and an infinite number of complex odors that are mixtures of these molecules, it has been considered extremely difficult to realize "human olfactory DX" by converting all odors perceived by the human olfaction into digital data. In this review, we discuss the current status and future prospects of the development of "human olfactory DX," which we believe can be realized by utilizing odor sensors that employ the olfactory receptors (ORs) that support human olfaction as sensing molecules (i.e., human OR sensor).
ANALYZING SURFACE INTEGRITY ELEMENTS OF HARD TURNED 16MNCR5 STEEL
Authors: Molnár Viktor
Published: May 2023

Surface integrity plays a determinant role in the functional requirement of precision machined parts. In the automotive industry billions of components are manufactured by using case hardened steels. In this study some surface integrity elements, such as surface roughness or residual stress are analyzed based on systematic machining experimental plan to optimize the applied cutting parameters. Recommendations are made for these parameters based on the measurement data and some widely used functional requirements.