bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for the Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Coutinho Walton Pereira , Nascimento Roberto Quirino do , Pessoa Artur Alves , Subramanian Anand
Published: October 2016

This paper addresses the close-enough traveling salesman problem. In this problem, rather than visiting the vertex (customer) itself, the salesman must visit a specific region containing such vertex. To solve this problem, we propose a simple yet effective exact algorithm, based on branch-and-bound and second order cone programming. The proposed algorithm was tested in 824 instances suggested in the literature. Optimal solutions are obtained for open problems with up to a thousand vertices. We consider instances both in two- and three-dimensional space.
Capital Structure and Innovation Trajectory: The Role of Debt in Balancing Exploration and Exploitation
Authors: Choi Byungchul , Kumar M. V. Shyam , Zambuto Fabio
Published: October 2016

We examine the role of debt as a governance mechanism in balancing exploration and exploitation. We argue that while equity is conducive to uncertain exploration critical for innovation, debt provides countervailing incentives for engaging in exploitation by imposing cash flow obligations and the threat of bankruptcy. As a consequence, debt becomes a vital instrument in directing innovation along the optimal trajectory, while preventing the balance from shifting too far toward suboptimal exploration. To support our arguments, drawing on patent data, we first demonstrate that a firm’s leverage is positively related to knowledge exploitation activity as reflected in its self-citations. Next, we show that firms that have potentially engaged in suboptimal exploration, as manifest in underutilized stocks of proprietary knowledge, are likely to experience leverage increases in the short run, and these leverage increases in turn result in subsequent increases in self-citations. These effects are consistent with firm value indicating that equity holders value the role of debt in stimulating exploitation. Our study draws attention to the complementary roles of equity and debt as governance mechanisms in balancing exploration/exploitation, while outlining the role of debt in innovation in greater depth.
Looking after lungs
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: October 2016

A round up of a group of studies on lung disease, by Mark Greener
Unearthing the potentials of pre-service teachers' collaboration through integrated L2 curriculum development for multicultural classroom settings
Authors: Yeom Semi , Son Joohan
Published: October 2016

There is a strong need to enhance conceptual and practical training for pre-service teachers to support multicultural children’s KSL learning. The current study aims at constructing a co-teaching method of dual language education for multicultural classroom environments. Two pre-service teachers, based on CLIL, developed an integrated curriculum which combined Korean and English language with the content subject of Social Studies. Throughout the process of devising a curriculum, the dyad mediated each other’s difficulties and co-generated comprehensive outcomes. Yet, they showed conservative attitudes towards transformative ways to improve multicultural education and limited awareness for students with multicultural backgrounds. Systematic approaches as well as individual efforts to broaden the perception are needed to create interactive L2 classroom environment encompassing learners with linguistic and cultural diversity.
A study on resilience of Muslim students in Korea
Authors: Park Mi Hyang , Cha Yun Kyung
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this research is to explore the resilience of Muslim students in Korea. Korean society still seems to have biased views toward them, which in turn, hinders it from moving onto a multi-cultural society. In this regard, it is crucial to understand Muslims and their culture from a multi-cultural perspective. For data analysis, Jungdeuk Kim’s(2003) “Resilience Belief System” was used, which was a translated version of Jew(1991). The tool was composed of 12 scales that were suggested by Mrazek and Mrazek(1987). To investigate the difference in resilience derived from cultural and linguistic disparity, overall resilience among Arabic, South-East Asian, and North-East Asian international students were examined compraratively. The result showed that there was no significant difference among these groups in terms of resilience. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in resilience between Muslims and non-Muslims due to religious background. Notably, however, a variety of levels of resilience was found within the Muslim students. Resilience of foreign students from the Middle East, Africa, and South East Asia were different according to their region, gender, marriage status, occupation, and family structure, but particularly, there were statistically significant differences with the regional and occupational factors. In this research, there are limitations in terms of the small sample size and the restricted considerations about the participants’ background factors. However, this research can be significant in that it represents the current image of Muslim as a by product of stereotype and thus calls for a wider perspective in understanding Muslim culture and their diversity.
Parmenides and Empedocles on Krasis and Knowledge
Authors: Michela Sassi Maria
Published: October 2016

Making mental phenomena to depend on certain elements or organs of the body is famously recognized as a distinctive feature of
The Challenges of the Modes of Agrippa
Authors: Bullock Joseph B.
Published: October 2016

The standard “gladiatorial” interpretation of the Modes of Agrippa has undergone several recent attacks. Scholars have criticized it because it seems to portray the skeptic as a dogmatist about logical support and because it does not treat all five Modes as part of the system. Although some have attempted to patch up the standard interpretation to address these issues, I raise a further problem: The gladiatorial interpretation cannot make sense of the skeptic using the Modes on herself, to suspend her own judgment. In light of these problems, I propose a fresh interpretation: The Agrippan Modes should be understood, not as arguments (or argument forms), but as types of dialectical challenge that the skeptic can use in an endless inquiry into any dogmatic position.
Video-based detection of device interaction in the operating room
Authors: Rockstroh Max , Wittig Marco , Franke Stefan , Meixensberger Jürgen , Neumuth Thomas
Published: October 2016

The establishment of modern workflow management technologies requires the integration of dated devices. The extraction of the essential device data and usage time spans is a central requirement for an integrated OR environment. Therefore, methods are required that extract such information from the output provided by older generation devices, namely video signals. We developed a four-level approach for video-based device information extraction. Usually, video streams contain all relevant patient data and device usage information. We propose an approach consisting of defining regions of interest, grabbing video signals, analyzing the signals and storing the data in a centralized and structured location. The analysis considers textual information and graphical visualization. A prototype of the analysis approach was implemented and applied to a neurosurgical case. An evaluation study was conducted to measure the performance of the approach on video recordings of real interventions. Three medical devices were considered: intraoperative ultrasound, neuro-navigation and microscope. Overall, recognition rates for device usage higher than 95% were obtained. The approach is not limited to a single surgical discipline and does not require modification of medical devices. Furthermore, the analysis of microscopic video streams expands the detectable aspects of the surgical workflow beyond the recognition of device usage.
Funktionen des literarischen Lesens zwischen Abitur und Studium
Authors: Dawidowski Christian
Published: October 2016

The goal of this study is to demonstrate the current status quo of reading functions that are imputed to literary reading between the ages of sixteen and twenty-five. Of particular interest are such reading functions that claim validity in the context of teaching situations in schools and universities. To this end, the study defines in the first part the term »reading function« and distinguishes classifications in literary studies from those that operate in the interest of empirical social sciences and literary didactics. In the process, it becomes apparent that the classifications of literary studies as a rule presuppose ideal reception situations and recipients, whereas empirical social science studies are interested in the real process of reading. The results of empirical research have identified reading functions such as entertainment, fantasy development, the development of aesthetic sensibility, reinforcement of empathy, moral consciousness, and identity formation. Werner Graf formulated seven »modes of literary reception competency« that are likewise closely related to reading functions, including instrumental reading, intimate reading, reading as participation or aesthetic reading. In light of some criticisms of Graf’s method, but above all in light of the temporal distance (Graf’s interviews were conducted before the so-called »digital turn«), Graf’s approach is confronted with prognoses regarding the transformation of reading functions from the last ten years. The latter state that reading for information would increase at the expense of literary-aesthetic reading, that the emotional stakes of literary reading would largely be supplanted by media consumption, and that a class-based differentiation would take place. The testing of these prognoses proceeds using the example of a few recent studies with youths from the generation of »digital natives«.

As a whole, the prognoses prove to be confirmed according to the recent studies presented here: reading functions are located more in relation to education and information, are in this way more extrinsically motivated and part of the (educational) performance mentality. In the private realm, media presumably offer a low-threshold alternative to obtain gratification in the field of entertainment and relaxation.
Exploring Narratives’ Powers of Emotional Persuasion through Character Involvement: A Working Heuristic
Authors: Lehnen Christine
Published: October 2016

Narratives change people’s minds. This has been shown as early as forty-five years ago, but recently, the persuasive and emotional effects of narratives have received fresh attention, as well as emotions themselves. Both psychology and literature researchers have begun to investigate the particularities of the emotional functioning of narratives and how they persuade, i. e. influence attitudes through having readers experience emotions. Their research, combined with recent apprais­al theories of vicarious (i. e. other-oriented) emotions, indicates that the emotional effects of a narrative can be hypothesized about by critics through analyzing the text itself, i. e. the textual situations that characters are placed in and how the contextualized readers may simulate and appraise these situations. These findings, however, have not yet been turned into a workable heuristic which would allow literary critics to analyse textual narratives for their emotional and persuasive effect. I set out to do so in this paper.

First, I summarize recent research conducted on and theories proposed for the emotional effect of character involvement in narratives. Especially noteworthy are Howard Sklar’s

Sklar’s approach incorporates an everyday understanding of ›sympathy‹, i. e. of feeling sorry or pity for someone. His study – forming a hypothesis through analysis, testing it empirically, and ensuring inter-coder-variability – is to be commended, I would argue, however, that sympathy covers only a small amount of the possible vicarious emotions a reader may feel while experiencing a narrative.

Keen, the only one to use empathy, not sympathy, in her title, doubts that reading narratives (in particular high-brow literature) directly leads to acts of altruism. In her study, she does not primarily develop a heuristic for hypothesizing on empirical reader response, but deconstructs researchers’, readers’ and writers’ attitudes concerning narrative and empathy, and consequently proposes a heuristic for analyzing authorial strategies of empathy, which does not seem suitable for predicting contextualized reader response.

Thus I turn to empirical research on narrative emotional persuasion (Ch. 2). Scholars concerned have found that narratives are more likely than expository texts to lead to attitude changes, and they have linked the degree (quantity) of attitude change to the degree of

I propose to operationalize the text-situated character-focused conditions of appraisal and the process of appraisal itself as follows:

I then sketch an analysis of Suzanne Collins’ immensely successful ›dysto­pian‹ novel
Gender Change in Norwegian Dialects: Comprehension is affected before Production
Authors: Lundquist Björn , Rodina Yulia , Sekerina Irina A. , Westergaard Marit
Published: October 2016

This article investigates language variation and change in the grammatical gender system of Norwegian, where feminine gender agreement is in the process of disappearing in some Northern Norwegian dialects. Speakers of the Tromsø (N=46) and Sortland (N=54) dialects participated in a Visual Word experiment. The task examined whether they used indefinite articles (en, ei, et) predictively to identify nouns during spoken-word recognition, and whether they produced feminine articles in an elicited production task. Results show that all speakers used the neuter indefinite article et as a predictive cue, but no speakers used the feminine ei predictively, regardless of whether they produced it or not. The masculine article en was used predictively only by the speakers who did not produce feminine gender forms. We hypothesize that in dialects where the feminine gender is disappearing, this change in the gender system affects comprehension first, even before speakers stop producing the feminine indefinite article.
Implementation of Analytical Control of Low Volume Pediatric Cytotoxic Drugs Preparations using a UV/Raman Spectrophotometer
Authors: Chouquet Thibaut , Benoit Guy , Morand Karine
Published: October 2016

: Pediatric chemotherapy preparations are usually not analytically controlled, for several reasons. First, they are generally made in syringe, which does not allow to take a sample without changing the final volume. Secondly, the percentage of the dose consecrated to control is important and finally low concentrations can cause sensitivity problems. This lack of quality control, greatly reduces the security of the chemotherapy circuit.

: The main objective is to develop an analytical control to low volume pediatric preparations, made in syringes or in infusion bags with a final volume from 20 to 50 mL.

: The development of analytical control automatons, like QCPrep+

: Our protocol implies the overfilling with one milliliter of solvent followed by a sampling of one milliliter. The analysis is performed with 900 µL. Ten cytotoxic drugs commonly used in pediatric oncology have been validated according to ICH recommendations. The development of analytical control for low volume preparations allows young patients to benefit the same level of safety and quality than adult patients.
Modeling threshold effects in stock price co-movements: a vector nonlinear cointegration approach
Authors: Chlibi Souhir , Jawadi Fredj , Sellami Mohamed
Published: October 2016

This paper studies the hypothesis of stock price comovements between the US market and three different regions [the G6, BRICS and MENA (Middle East North Africa)] during calm and crisis periods. It extends the study by (Chlibi, S., F. Jawadi, and M. Sellami. 2016. “Analyzing Heterogeneous Stock Price Comovements through Hybrid Approaches.”
Nominalization and the problem of indirect access: Evidence from Ossetian
Authors: Lyutikova Ekaterina , Tatevosov Sergei
Published: October 2016

We examine aspect, eventuality type and transitivity alternations in two types of nominalization in Ossetian, an Iranian language spoken in East Caucasus, focusing on how deverbal nominals differ from fully inflected clauses projected by the same VPs. The main empirical finding of the study is: nominalizations exhibit a wider range of syntactic and semantic possibilities than fully inflected clauses. The finite verb in Ossetian is either perfective or imperfective and shows Slavic-type aspectual composition, but (prefixless) nominalizations are aspectless and are associated with English-type aspectual composition. Besides, deverbal nominals allow for transitivity alternations even if a corresponding finite verb does not. Our account for the observed pattern is based on the hypothesis that in the course of derivation, the range of options available at the VP level is narrowed down by the elements of functional structure, specifically, Asp and T. We argue that the role of Asp is to impose a quantization requirement on its complement predicate, while T interacts with the structure generated at the VP level in determining transitivity of a clause. Nominals can be built before Asp and T are merged, hence the semantic contribution of those heads is not part of their meaning. It that way, nominals provide us with a more direct access to the true characteristics of the verb and its immediate projections at early stages of derivation.
From Newspaper to Parliament and Back? A Study of Media Attention as Source for and Result of the Dutch Question Hour
Authors: Van Aelst Peter , van Santen Rosa , Melenhorst Lotte , Helfer Luzia
Published: October 2016

This study on the role of media attention for the Dutch question hour answers three questions: to what extent is media attention a source of inspiration for oral parliamentary questions? What explains the newsworthiness of these questions? And what explains the extent of media coverage for the questions posed during the question hour? To address this, we present a content analysis of oral parliamentary questions and related press coverage in five recent years. The results show first that oral questions are usually based on media attention for a topic. Concerns about media influence should however be nuanced: it is not necessarily the coverage itself, but also regularly a political statement that is the actual source of a parliamentary question. The media are thus an important “channel” for the interaction between politicians. Second, our analysis shows that oral questions do not receive media attention naturally. Several news values help to explain the amount of news coverage that questions receive. “Surfing the wave” of news attention for a topic in the days previous to the question hour seems to be the best way to generate media attention.
Thyroid Hormone Acts Locally to Increase Neurogenesis, Neuronal Differentiation, and Dendritic Arbor Elaboration in the Tadpole Visual System
Authors: Thompson Christopher K. , Cline Hollis T.
Published: October 2016

Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates many cellular events underlying perinatal brain development in vertebrates. Whether and how TH regulates brain development when neural circuits are first forming is less clear. Furthermore, although the molecular mechanisms that impose spatiotemporal constraints on TH action in the brain have been described, the effects of local TH signaling are poorly understood. We determined the effects of manipulating TH signaling on development of the optic tectum in stage 46–49Xenopus laevistadpoles. Global TH treatment caused large-scale morphological effects in tadpoles, including changes in brain morphology and increased tectal cell proliferation. Either increasing or decreasing endogenous TH signaling in tectum, by combining targeted DIO3 knockdown and methimazole, led to corresponding changes in tectal cell proliferation. Local increases in TH, accomplished by injecting suspensions of tri-iodothyronine (T3) in coconut oil into the midbrain ventricle or into the eye, selectively increased tectal or retinal cell proliferation, respectively.In vivotime-lapse imaging demonstrated that local TH first increased tectal progenitor cell proliferation, expanding the progenitor pool, and subsequently increased neuronal differentiation. Local T3also dramatically increased dendritic arbor growth in neurons that had already reached a growth plateau. The time-lapse data indicate that the same cells are differentially sensitive to T3at different time points. Finally, TH increased expression of genes pertaining to proliferation and neuronal differentiation. These experiments indicate that endogenous TH locally regulates neurogenesis at developmental stages relevant to circuit assembly by affecting cell proliferation and differentiation and by acting on neurons to increase dendritic arbor elaboration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThyroid hormone (TH) is a critical regulator of perinatal brain development in vertebrates. Abnormal TH signaling in early pregnancy is associated with significant cognitive deficits in humans; however, it is difficult to probe the function of TH in early brain development in mammals because of the inaccessibility of the fetal brain in the uterine environment and the challenge of disambiguating maternal versus fetal contributions of TH. The external development of tadpoles allows manipulation and direct observation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TH's effects on brain development in ways not possible in mammals. We find that endogenous TH locally regulates neurogenesis at developmental stages relevant to circuit assembly by affecting neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and by acting on neurons to enhance dendritic arbor elaboration.
Cancer‐specific mutations in p53 induce the translation of Δ160p53 promoting tumorigenesis
Authors: Candeias Marco M , Hagiwara Masatoshi , Matsuda Michiyuki
Published: October 2016

Wild‐type p53 functions as a tumour suppressor while mutant p53 possesses oncogenic potential. Until now it remains unclear how a single mutation can transform p53 into a functionally distinct gene harbouring a new set of original cellular roles. Here we show that the most common p53 cancer mutants express a larger number and higher levels of shorter p53 protein isoforms that are translated from the mutated full‐length p53 mRNA. Cells expressing mutant p53 exhibit “gain‐of‐function” cancer phenotypes, such as enhanced cell survival, proliferation, invasion and adhesion, altered mammary tissue architecture and invasive cell structures. Interestingly, Δ160p53‐overexpressing cells behave in a similar manner. In contrast, an exogenous or endogenous mutant p53 that fails to express Δ160p53 due to specific mutations or antisense knock‐down loses pro‐oncogenic potential. Our data support a model in which “gain‐of‐function” phenotypes induced by p53 mutations depend on the shorter p53 isoforms. As a conserved wild‐type isoform, Δ160p53 has evolved during millions of years. We thus provide a rational explanation for the origin of the tumour‐promoting functions of p53 mutations.
Gadd45a is a heterochromatin relaxer that enhances iPS cell generation
Authors: Chen Keshi , Long Qi , Wang Tao , Zhao Danyun , Zhou Yanshuang , Qi Juntao , Wu Yi , Li Shengbiao , Chen Chunlan , Zeng Xiaoming , Yang Jianguo , Zhou Zisong , Qin Weiwen , Liu Xiyin , Li Yuxing , Li Yingying , Huang Xiaofen , Qin Dajiang , Chen Jiekai , Pan Guangjin , Schöler Hans R , Xu Guoliang , Liu Xingguo , Pei Duanqing
Published: October 2016

Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells rewrites the code of cell fate at the chromatin level. Yet, little is known about this process physically. Here, we describe a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching method to assess the dynamics of heterochromatin/euchromatin and show significant heterochromatin loosening at the initial stage of reprogramming. We identify growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein a (Gadd45a) as a chromatin relaxer in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which also enhances somatic cell reprogramming efficiency. We show that residue glycine 39 (G39) in Gadd45a is essential for interacting with core histones, opening chromatin and enhancing reprogramming. We further demonstrate that Gadd45a destabilizes histone–DNA interactions and facilitates the binding of Yamanaka factors to their targets for activation. Our study provides a method to screen factors that impact on chromatin structure in live cells, and identifies Gadd45a as a chromatin relaxer.
Drugging the addict: non‐oncogene addiction as a target for cancer therapy
Authors: Nagel Remco , Semenova Ekaterina A , Berns Anton
Published: October 2016

Historically, cancers have been treated with chemotherapeutics aimed to have profound effects on tumor cells with only limited effects on normal tissue. This approach was followed by the development of small‐molecule inhibitors that can target oncogenic pathways critical for the survival of tumor cells. The clinical targeting of these so‐called oncogene addictions, however, is in many instances hampered by the outgrowth of resistant clones. More recently, the proper functioning of non‐mutated genes has been shown to enhance the survival of many cancers, a phenomenon called non‐oncogene addiction. In the current review, we will focus on the distinct non‐oncogenic addictions found in cancer cells, including synthetic lethal interactions, the underlying stress phenotypes, and arising therapeutic opportunities.
Patient-derived tumour xenografts for breast cancer drug discovery
Authors: Cassidy John W , Batra Ankita S , Greenwood Wendy , Bruna Alejandra
Published: October 2016

Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of the drivers of human malignancies, new targeted therapies often fail to show sufficient efficacy in clinical trials. Indeed, the cost of bringing a new agent to market has risen substantially in the last several decades, in part fuelled by extensive reliance on preclinical models that fail to accurately reflect tumour heterogeneity. To halt unsustainable rates of attrition in the drug discovery process, we must develop a new generation of preclinical models capable of reflecting the heterogeneity of varying degrees of complexity found in human cancers. Patient-derived tumour xenograft (PDTX) models prevail as arguably the most powerful in this regard because they capture cancer’s heterogeneous nature. Herein, we review current breast cancer models and their use in the drug discovery process, before discussing best practices for developing a highly annotated cohort of PDTX models. We describe the importance of extensive multidimensional molecular and functional characterisation of models and combination drug–drug screens to identify complex biomarkers of drug resistance and response. We reflect on our own experiences and propose the use of a cost-effective intermediate pharmacogenomic platform (the PDTX-PDTC platform) for breast cancer drug and biomarker discovery. We discuss the limitations and unanswered questions of PDTX models; yet, still strongly envision that their use in basic and translational research will dramatically change our understanding of breast cancer biology and how to more effectively treat it.
PENGGUNAAN PHENOXY ETHANOL, SUHU DINGIN, DAN KOMBINASI SUHU DINGIN DENGAN PHENOXY DALAM PEMBIUSAN BANDENG UMPAN
Authors: Tahe Suwardi
Published: October 2016

Usaha penangkapan tuna dan cakalang semakin berkembang dan penggunaan bandeng umpan hidup kian marak. Kendala dalam penanganan umpan hidup adalah penanganan sewaktu panen dan pengangkutan sampai ke lokasi penangkapan. Untuk itu telah dilakukan pengangkutan bandeng umpan dengan phenoxy ethanol (200 mg/L), suhu dingin (23°C), dan kombinasi suhu dingin dengan phenoxy ethanol dalam berbagai kepadatan yaitu 5, 10, dan 15 ekor/5L yang dirancang dengan acak lengkap pola faktorial masing-masing tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kepadatan yang baik adalah berkisar 5--10 ekor/5L dan pengangkutan dengan suhu dingin dan kombinasi suhu dingin dan phenoxy ethanol dapat diaplikasikan oleh pengguna, karena sintasan didapat antara 90%--100% dengan durasi sedatif 6 jam.
APLIKASI REKAYASA GENETIK PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Arifin Otong Zenal , Ath-thar Muhammad Hunaina Fariddudin , Gustiano Rudhy
Published: October 2016

Perbaikan mutu genetik ikan merupakan suatu langkah lanjut dari kegiatan budidaya ikan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas suatu komoditas apabila teknologi budidaya sudah optimal diterapkan. Strategi perbaikan mutu genetik dapat dilakukan baik secara konvensional melalui seleksi dan hibridisasi atau molekuler melalui rekayasa genetik. Di Indonesia, upaya perbaikan mutu genetik melalui rekayasa genetik telah mulai dilakukan sejak tahun 1980. Rekayasa genetik yang pertama kali diterapkan adalah manipulasi set kromosom untuk menghasilkan klon ginogen yang dapat mempercepat pemurnian galur dan poliploidi untuk menghasilkan populasi ikan yang memiliki set kromosom lebih dari 2N. Aplikasi rekayasa genetik yang kedua adalah manipulasi kelamin untuk memanfaatkan potensi “sexual dimorphisms” pada pertumbuhan ikan konsumsi dan sifat eksotis pada ikan hias. Aplikasi rekayasa genetik yang ketiga adalah transgenik atau DNA rekombinan. Teknologi, aplikasi, perkembangan, potensi, dan  manfaat rekayasa genetik di atas bagi perkembangan budidaya ikan di Indonesia diuraikan dalam makalah ini.
The Mode of Collocation Input for Teaching Chinese as the Second Language
Authors: Zhou 周新玲 Xinling
Published: October 2016

The mode of collocation input is designed under the guidance of Professor Wang Dechun’s constructive foreign language teaching theory and the word collocation theory. The essay puts forward the difficulty criteria, units and methods of the word collocation input, and illustrates the detailed steps in the mode.
The shear stiffness characteristics of four Eocene-to-Jurassic UK stiff clays
Authors: Brosse A. , Hosseini Kamal R. , Jardine R. J. , Coop M. R.
Published: October 2016

A large proportion of the southern UK is underlain by stiff clays. Improving their geotechnical characterisation is important for many current and future infrastructure projects. This paper presents an integrated study of the complex stiffness behaviour of four key medium-plasticity, highly overconsolidated strata: the Gault, Kimmeridge, Oxford and London clays. The latter were deposited between the Jurassic and the Eocene under broadly similar marine conditions. Coordinated programmes of advanced static and dynamic laboratory measurements have been undertaken on high-quality samples, concentrating on samples taken from similar depths at inland sites and including triaxial and hollow cylinder stress path experiments employing high-resolution local strain, multi-axial bender element and resonant column techniques. A new approach was employed to interpret the hollow cylinder experiments and the laboratory measurements are examined in combination with independent field shear wave data. The clays' stiffness characteristics are shown to be markedly anisotropic, pressure dependent and highly non-linear. Synthesis allows key conclusions to be drawn regarding: the relative reliability of alternative measurement approaches; the potential spread of stiffness behaviours between the clays; and whether the clays' varying geological ages and burial depths have any systematic influence on their stiffness characteristics. The results have important geotechnical engineering implications.
Comportamento do Reagente Bluestar® em Manchas de Sangue Frente a Diferentes Tempos, Superfícies e Lavagem
Authors: Cristina Saft Matos Vieira  , Christian Zamberlan Angheben  , Fabio Delwing  , Mário Marques Fernandes  , Rachel Ribeiro Tinoco  , Rosane Pérez Baldasso
Published: October 2016

Com o avanço da tecnologia e o crescente número de crimes, o perito odontolegista tem atuado de forma a auxiliar na identificação humana. Cabe aos peritos, em locais de crime, a difícil tarefa de localizar, reconhecer e identificar vestígios biológicos ali existentes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a quimiluminescência do reagente Bluestar®, verificando se há como identificar manchas de sangue em diferentes substratos e após diferentes períodos de tempo; além da viabilidade de identificação de vestígios de sangue em corpos de prova, após submetidos a lavagem com água e sabão. Quatro substratos diferentes foram utilizados: cerâmica, tecido de algodão, carpete e MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard ou painel de fibras de madeira). Sobre cada um destes, 2 mL de sangue foram depositados. 12 substratos foram mantidos com a mancha de sangue visível e 12 foram lavados, sendo divididos em três períodos de tempo: 1 dia (T1), 7 dias (T2) e 30 dias (T3). Sobre cada corpo de prova o reagente Bluestar® foi borrifado. Todos os corpos de prova apresentam quimiluminescência após utilização do Bluestar®, em todos os tempos da pesquisa. Conclui-se que o Bluestar® é efetivo na identificação de manchas de sangue visíveis e latentes, mesmo após 30 dias de sua remoção.
Extração de DNA de Impressões Digitais Latentes Depositadas em Diferentes Suportes e Reveladas com Spray de Ninidrina e Pó Preto Volcano HI-FI
Authors: Raquel Vaz Resende  , Brhuna Carla Rodrigues da Cunha  , Caio Bruno Quinta de Souza Leal  , Vera Aparecida Saddi  , Rejane da Silva Sena Barcelos
Published: October 2016

O artigo 158 do Código de Processo Penal Brasileiro (CPP) determina que quando a infração deixar vestígios será indispensável o exame do corpo de delito. Porém, muitas impressões digitais que chegam à seção de confronto da Polícia Técnico - Científica de Goiás (SPTC), não apresentam condições de análises por estarem borradas ou incompletas. Por este motivo, este trabalho buscou: analisá-las por microscopia óptica, verificando a presença de células da epiderme; extrair DNA de impressões latentes aderidas a diferentes suportes e daquelas reveladas com spray de ninidrina especial para documentos ou impregnadas com pó de cor preto volcano “HI-FI”. Este estudo detectou células descamativas em 98% das lâminas coradas por Leishman. Em outro experimento, foram extraídas moléculas de DNA de sessenta e nove amostras, depositadas em cinco suportes diferentes (alumínio, madeira, papel, plástico e vidro) obtendo concentrações variadas entre 0,3 ng/µL à 25,4 ng/µL. Isoladamente, a madeira foi o suporte que apresentou maior concentração média de DNA (10,67 ng/µL). Ao extrair DNA de impressões reveladas com ninidrina ou impregnadas pelo pó preto volcano HI-FI (leve) da empresa SIRCHIE, obteve se concentração de DNA amplificável em 70% e 60% das amostras, respectivamente. O presente trabalho corrobora com vários estudos que já demonstraram ser possível extrair DNA de superfícies que foram simplesmente tocadas pelas mãos de uma pessoa. Os experimentos demonstraram, ainda, a obtenção de uma maior concentração nas superfícies porosas em relação às superfícies lisas e que o uso de ninidrina e pó de cor preta também permitem a extração do referido material genético.
Screening and Production of Antibacterial from Lactobacillus plantarum NS(9) Isolated from Nile Tilapia Bekasam
Authors: Desniar Desniar , Setyaningsih Iriani , Purnama Yoga Indra
Published: October 2016

Lactic acid bacteria has been used as biopreservatif becouse produce a number of antibacterial
substances are safety and has inhibitory activity against enteropatogenic bacteria. The aims of this study
were to screen of antibacterial compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum NS (9) and to produce
their antibacterial compounds. The research was devided into two stages. In the first stage was L. plantarum
NS (9) inoculated at 37°C, for 24 hours in semi-anaerobic conditions. The cell-free supertnatant was given
three treatment, ie not neutralized (A), neutralized (pH 7) (N), and precipitated with ammonium sulfate
50% (P). This three supernatant was assayed their antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhimurium
ATCC 14028, S. aureus, B. cereus and L. monocytogenes using the agar well diffusion method. In the second
stage, production of antibacterial compound was L. plantarum NS (9) inoculated at 37°C, for 24 hours
in semi-anaerobic conditions. The Dencity Optical, value pH, acid total and antibacterial activity were
measured every three hours during growth of bacteria. The results of the antibacterial screening showed
that L. plantarum NS (9) produced inhibitory zone againts the five indicator bacteria from a supernatant,
whereas N and P supernatant were not produced inhibitory zone. This result indicated that inhibition.

produced at 6 hours of incubation and were increased to simultaneously with increasing of bacteria growth.
The highest antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. cereus and L.monocytogenes were produced at the end
of the exponential growth phase (12 -15 hours incubation) while against S. aureus and S. typhimurium
ATCC 14028 at 21 and 24 hour of incubation, respectively. The antibacterial activity also was increased to
simultaniously with increasing of acid total (1.350 to 4.050%) and decreasing of pH value (6-4) during
growth of bacteria.
Arabidopsis thaliana microRNA162 level is posttranscriptionally regulated via splicing and polyadenylation site selection.
Authors: Barciszewska-Pacak Maria , Knop Katarzyna , Jarmołowski Artur , Szweykowska-Kulińska Zofia
Published: October 2016

Arabidopsis microRNA162 level regulation was studied under abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. The TaqMan® microRNA assay proved that A. thaliana miRNA162 level was elevated under these stresses confirming its salt and drought responsiveness. Consistently, the MIR162a and MIR162b gene promoter region analyses identified numerous salinity and drought responsive elements. However, our analyses show that generally MIR162b is rather weakly expressed, both in control and stress conditions. On the other site the stress-dependent regulation of the pri-miRNA162a alternative splicing pattern revealed the increase of functional pri-miR162a isoform and preferential distal polyA site selection in stress conditions. Apart from the potential transcriptional regulation of the miRNA genes (MIRs) expression the data obtained point to an essential role of posttranscriptional regulation of the microRNA162 level.
Outcomes Comparison of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) between GnRH Agonist Trigger and hCG for Final Oocyte Maturation
Authors: Permana Ade
Published: October 2016

Introduction: For decades, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used for final oocyte maturation. It is proven to have highest life birth rate, comparing to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, but unfortunately it can increases the risk of developing ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS). There is an ongoing debate over the optimal agent that can trigger final oocyte maturation in antagonist protocol, leading to higher IVF success rate without increasing the risk of OHSS.

Objective: To compare IVF outcomes in patient using GnRH agonist trigger and hCG for final oocyte maturation.

Method: A retrospective review of in vitro fertilization patient at Daya Medika Clinic and Yasmin Clinic.

Result: 76 women were analyzed consist of 38 women using GnRH agonist and 38 women using hCG. We found no significant differences on biochemical pregnancy rate (24.00% and 20.51%) between two group, but there were significant differences on fertilization rate (67.72% and 61.32%),  cleavage rate (95.04% and 88.92%) and blastocyst rate (13.90% and 7.38%). There was one patient developed OHSS in hCG group

Conclusion: GnRH agonists can be considered for use as a trigger final oocyte maturation in the antagonist protocol because some IVF outcomes data showed that GnRH agonists triggering were better than hCG without increasing the risk of OHSS
Characteristic and Pregnancy Rate of IVF Patient: a Retrospective Analysis from Two Centres
Authors: Wiweko Budi
Published: October 2016

Introduction: According to recent statistics, infertility in Indonesia reached 21,9%. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) was a reliable treatment option for subfertility couples with success rate of 22-40%. Data from the Indonesia Association for In-Vitro Fertilization (Perfitri) in 2010 showed the country had only 2000 cases, one third of Vietnam’s and half of Thailand’s. The technology’s high cost has been cited as the cause behind the slow development of IVF in Indonesia.
Objective: We aim to evaluate the characteristics of patients and their pregnancy rate following in vitro fertilization in infertile couples from two different centres, Yasmin Clinic and Kedoya Clinic.
Material and methods: Cohort retrospective was used to analyse outpatient data from two fertility centres. A total of 510 outpatients’ data, 405 in Yasmin Clinic and 105 in Kedoya Clinic, between October 2014 to September 2015 was collected. Patients and in vitro fertilization cycle characteristics from both clinics were evaluated. The pregnancy rate after IVF was compared between the groups.
Result: Although maternal age (p=0,032) and paternal age (p=0,017) were statistically significant, they were not clinically significant. There were also no significant differences in the characteristics of in vitro fertilization in both clinics, clinically. However, pregnancy rate was higher in Yasmin Clinic than in Kedoya Clinic, with pregnancy rate of 64,8% and 45,7%, respectively (OR = 2,185; 95%CI 1,420-3,361; p=0,001).
Discussion: There were no differences between characteristics of patients and in vitro fertilization cycle in both centres. Nevertheless, pregnancy rate between Yasmin Clinic and Kedoya Clinic were statistically different, suggesting another factors that influence success rate of in vitro fertilization. This research showed that most patients seek medical attention at the age of 35, after 7 years of infertility, suggesting awareness of infertility problem is still low.
Comparative Study Between Mock Embryo Transfer Prior To The Treatment Cycle and Real Embryo Transfer In In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Lubis Hilma Putri
Published: October 2016

Introduction

A trial or mock embryo transfer (ET) may influence pregnancy rates and it performed prior to ET allows the clinician to assess the uterine cavity and the utero-cervical angle. The aim of this study is to compare the consistency of the type of ET in mock ET with real ET.

Material & Methods

A retrospective comparative analysis of  patients who underwent in vitro fertilization or ICSI cycle from January 2014 to December 2014 in Halim Fertility Center was done. The type of transfer was divided into two groups: ‘easy’ or ‘difficult’. An easy ET was defined as a transfer that occurred without the use of manipulation or other instrumentation and difficult ET was considered when additional instrumentation was required.

Results

From the study, 103 patients who underwent Mock-ET, we  found 58 patients (56.3%) with easy ET and 45 patients (43.7%) with difficult ET, which with hard catheter ET in 17 patients (16.5%), with osfander assistance in 20 patients (19.4%) and with stylet in 8 patients (7,8%). 58 patients with Easy Mock ET group were entirely easy real ET (100%) and 45 patients with difficult Mock ET group also entirely were difficult real ET (100%). The Statistical analysis shows no significant difference between the mock ET and real ET groups (p>0,05). In easy real ET, clinical pregnancy rates were 32.8% and in difficult real ET, clinical pregnancy rates were 26.7% with no significant difference between the  groups (p>0,05).

Conclusion:

Mock ET prior to the treatment cycle is consistent with real ET.
The Association Between Testosteron Levels and Relationship Quality in Reproductive Aged Couples
Authors: Ganis Siregar Fidel
Published: October 2016

Couple relationship is often interfered by disorder in sexual activities. Most of the problems are in women than men. One of the main factor tha contributed to sexual function are sex hormones. Sex hormones selectively responsive to sexual incentives inducing a neurochemical state that favourable to sexual response. Androgens play an important role in sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and satisfaction by interacting with receptors in the hypothalamus, together with the dopaminergic, serotoninergic and opiatergic path, and the receptor genitals. Testosterone, molecular weight of 288.41 Dalton, is one of sex steroid hormones. It is the main androgenic hormone produced by the interstitial cells (Leydig). However, testosterone is an important precursor for the production of estradiol in the target tissue. Both testosteron and estrogen may affect sexual arousal. Decrease of testoterone in men is also related to declines in sexual desire, which can be restored with testosteron administration. Therefore, adding testosteron to estrogen in sexual disorder may be benefited. However, this practice was not widely use. Furhter sutdy is needed to assess its long term side effect.
Vitamin D Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Sidabutar Elida
Published: October 2016

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. There is some evidence suggested that vitamin D played a role in the incidence of PCOS. Previous research has found vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of PCOS and cohort studies showing the relationship of obesity with decreased levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Therefore, we aim to conduct a study on vitamin D levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the difference of the levels of vitamin D in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

METHODS: This study is a comparative analytical study on two unpaired population by using cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in Halim Fertility Clinic Medan starting in November 2014 through April 2015. Blood samples were taken from 23 women PCOS and 23 non-PCOS women. Further data were tabulated and analyzed.

RESULTS: Vitamin D levels are lower in women with PCOS compared to controls. In the PCOS group, the levels of vitamin D were lower in obese women. Vitamin D levels were also lower in PCOS women with WHR> 0.85.
CONCLUSION: This study showed a significant lower level of vitamin D in PCOS patient.
Lost to Follow-up Among Patients who Underwent Vasectomy reversal with Double Layer Microscopic Techniques in 2011-2015
Authors: Birowo Ponco
Published: October 2016

Vasectomy already been accepted by the society as easy and effective method for male contraceptive. However, some patients want to restore their fertility status due to divorce or re-marriage cases. Techniques in performing vasectomy reversal are varying with their own advantages and disadvantages. One of the techniques is double layer microscopy vasectomy reversal. We evaluate the success rate of this technique based on the semen analysis. The success rate was good with around 98.5% patients with complete follow up had sperm in their semen analysis<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mohamad%20Mostafa/Desktop/Knowledge%20E/In%20Press%20Conferences/ASPIRE-2016/Source-Manuscripts/v2-%20Revised/21.%20Lost%20to%20Follow-up%20Among%20Patients%20who%20Underwent%20Vasectomy%20%20PB%2004082016.docx#_msocom_1">[MP1] . However, total success of follow up were very low (5 out of 19 patients) even though the cost of reversal vasectomy was quite expensive (around 3.000$USD). Lost to follow up rate of reversal vasectomy was 26%.