bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human capital investment strategy in Kyrgyzstan in the age of digitalization
Authors: Sulaimanova Baktygul , Baygazieva Zharkynay , Toktosunova Cholpon , Omurgazieva Nazira
Published: September 2022

In the transition to a digital economy, contributing to the further qualitative development of the country and its competitiveness, the determining and most important factor is human capital. The task of developing human capital should be formulated as the key state task of modernizing a number of modern sectors such as education, culture, health, and science, which should be viewed primarily as sectors of capitalization of the human potential of independent Kyrgyzstan. In the republic, based on the current legislation concerning education and the social sphere, it is difficult to conclude that there is a scientifically sound program for the development of human capital as a necessary element in the transition to the information society. Employment policy and migration policy, as factors determining the demand for human capital, do not take into account issues related to the dynamics of the level of human capital. There are no methods to determine the effectiveness of investment in the development of human capital in the country. As a result of the study, the mechanism of effective investment in human capital in the Kyrgyz Republic was developed, taking into account other sources of investment other than the state budget, which will allow to develop specific programs for the development of segments of the social sector in the Kyrgyz Republic on the basis of ongoing assessments. This, in turn, will solve the problem of uneven distribution of investment across them. Besides, the priority areas of investment in human capital, providing for the accelerated development of human capital in the country, highlighting the role of state, regional and municipal authorities in the effective management policy to attract and promote not only public but also private investment have been identified. Taking into account the necessary amount of investment per person to form an innovative personality in Kyrgyzstan, meeting the modern requirements of a competitive economy and proficient in new digital technologies, will further contribute to reducing the level of labor migration in the country.
Formation of conflict competence of customs officials
Authors: Trubitsyn Konstantin , Kalmykova Olga , Dykina Svetlana , Masloboynikova Natalia , Gorbunova Julia
Published: September 2022

Customs officials must be able to act in terms of non-standard, crisis situations, bear social and ethical responsibility for decisions made, give moral assessment of corruption and other violations of professional ethics; work in a team, be tolerant to social, ethnic, religious and cultural differences; and carry out effective business communication. The authors substantiates the relevance of the process of increasing the level of conflict competence of Customs students (Samara State Technical University), heads and officials of customs authorities. The results of various sociological studies conducted among employees and officials of customs authorities are presented. The authors analyzed the relationship of job satisfaction with subjective factors of the organizational environment (stress of the organizational environment, moral and psychological climate, comfort level of the organizational environment, staff loyalty level, etc.). Methodological recommendations for the formation of conflict competence among customs officials have been offered. The effectiveness of the proposed measures was evaluated using the DEA-method.
Assessment of factors of regional economic stability using the XGBoost algorithm
Authors: Granitsa Yulia
Published: September 2022

In modern conditions, the regions of Russia acquire a special role and are evaluated as independent economic entities. In a pandemic, the key factor for successful development at the meso-level is not so much the growth of well-being, the quality of life, but the preservation of the stability of economic systems, their ability to withstand external influences. Thus, in our study, we equate the economic stability and economic security of the regions. To assess economic stability, it is advisable, in our opinion, to use a group of indicators characterising resource provision, investment climate and the efficiency of functioning of regions. We assigned the rank of economic security to all regions, on the basis of which the regions were divided into two classes – economically safe and economically unsafe. The ensemble machine learning algorithm XGBoost was chosen as a method for factor analysis of economic security. The constructed classification model was interpreted by us using the Shap algorithm, which assumes the analysis of Shapley values for each economic determinant. The applied algorithms allowed us to identify significant factors that determine stable regions. These factors include investment risk, human development index and the ratio of the balanced financial result to the gross regional product.
Regional model of simultaneous investment, production and financial planning of programmes for innovative development
Authors: Yashin Sergey , Koshelev Egor , Kuptsov Aleksandr , Zakharova Yuliya , Zenkova Larisa
Published: September 2022

The subject of this study is the planning of programmes for innovative development of the region based on the simultaneous investment, production and financial planning. A regional model of planning the programmes for innovative development has been created to reduce on a global scale current domestic costs for research and development (R&D) of the industrial region depending on its investment planning according to the data on investment in stock capital, production planning according to the data on gross regional product (GRP) and financial planning according to the data on corporate accounts payable. In the Nizhny Novgorod Region investments in stock capital and GRP should be increased and the amount of corporate accounts payable reduced in order to minimise all costs for R&D. However, there is a corporate debt limit established for fundamental research. It is not feasible to exceed such limit because this would lead to an outflow of necessary funds for fundamental research, and increase in costs for applied research as well. For developments, there is a lower GRP limit. It is inadvisable to fall below such limit because this would lead to an outflow of necessary funds for developments.
Queuing theory as a basis for staff placement at a customs post
Authors: Trubitsyn Konstantin , Gorbunova Julia , Maiorova Irina , Gubarev Yuri
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the development of economic and mathematical tools to improve managerial decision-making for staff placement at the customs post. As an object of research, the authors analyze the performance of customs operations and customs control by customs officials in relation to individuals transporting goods for personal use across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union at the airport checkpoint – Samara Airport customs post. According to the logic of the queuing theory, a customs post official is a “service channel”, and the flow of passengers at the customs control zone (arrivals area) is a “request”. The optimal placement of officials required at the arrivals area was determined for each of the periods under consideration (12 months in 2019), as well as the average time spent by passengers in the customs control area was estimated. The justification of these parameters based on the queuing theory contributes to achieving the minimum cost of the staff of officials at Samara Airport customs post involved in dealing with individuals transporting goods for personal use across the EAEU customs border.
LITÍGIOS ESTRUTURAIS E MÉTODOS CONSENSUAIS DE RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS: O CASO DA AÇÃO CIVIL PÚBLICA SOBRE A FILA DE ESPERA DA ASSISTÊNCIA ONCOLÓGICA NO CARIRI CEARENSE
Authors: De Lima Borges Fabricio
Published: September 2022

Resumo:No atual contexto de expansão do Poder Judiciário no Brasil, verifica-se que é cada vez mais comum o ajuizamento de demandas estruturais envolvendo políticas públicas relacionadas à implementação de direitos sociais, como saúde e educação, por exemplo. O presente trabalho investiga como o emprego de métodos consensuais de resolução de conflitos constitui a forma mais adequada para se chegar a soluções no âmbito de litígios estruturais. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método dedutivo, subsidiado por pesquisa bibliográfico-documental e por análise qualitativa da Ação Civil Pública (ACP) sobre a fila de espera da assistência oncológica no Cariri cearense (Processo n.º 0800303-45.2020.4.05.8102, que tramitou perante a 16ª Vara Federal da Seção Judiciária do Ceará). Examinam-se a conceituação e as características dos processos estruturais, bem como a aplicabilidade de métodos consensuais de resolução de conflitos a esse tipo de demanda, destacando-se as vantagens desses meios de solução de controvérsias. Com base nas premissas teóricas estabelecidas e no estudo do caso da ACP da fila de espera da assistência oncológica no Cariri cearense, conclui pela adequação do emprego de métodos consensuais de resolução de conflitos em litígios estruturais.Palavras-chave: Litígios estruturais. Métodos consensuais. Conciliação. Mediação.
Pandemic Covid 19, Social Psychology, and Pregnancy: Related-ness and Analysis
Authors: Issalillah Fayola
Published: September 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the sixth health emergencies of international concern. The government has implemented several adjustments to people's behavior, such as national and regional lockdowns, social distancing, and restrictions on mobility to reduce the spread of this virus. However, this action raises various adverse social psychological problems, especially for pregnant women as a risk factor for Covid-19. This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the social psychology of pregnant women. This study uses a method. The result shows the Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the psychology of pregnant women, both interpersonal and interpersonal. This certainly allows bad things to happen to pregnant women, such as anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which leads to complications during pregnancy. Several treatments with a social psychological approach can be done to prevent the impact of the pandemic on the psychosocial impact of pregnant women.
Study on Education Level and Consequences of Licensing and In-terest in Making Small Business Licensing
Authors: Mardikaningsih Rahayu , Arifin Samsul
Published: September 2022

This correlation study involves three variables, namely education level, licensing consequences, and interest in making small business licensing because there are still many small-scale entrepreneurs who are reluctant to take care of business licensing even though the government has given it easy. This study involved 29 small businesses in a sub-district in Mojokerto district. The total number of small businesses that have permits is as much as the sample used so that the total sampling method is used. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a six-scale Likert scale. Test the instrument with validity and reliability which is then tested for normality and linearity as well as hypothesis testing with product moment correlation analysis tools. The finding in this study is that there is a significant relationship between education level and interest in making small business licenses. The relationship between the two variables is quite strong. In addition, it was also found that there is a significant relationship between the consequences of licensing and interest in making small business licensing even though the relationship between the two is weak.
Fundamentos de Ginecología
Authors: Sánchez Medranda Jefferson Andrés , Quinapanta Castro Néstor Israel , Rea Haiman María Elizabeth , Céspedes Córdova Hugo Rodrigo , Jarrin Vargas Jessica Gabriela , Cartuche Macas Aida Mariana , Manotoa Santana Erika Leonor , Espinosa Fernández María Sol
Published: September 2022

La presente obra se hace una revisión sistemática de las patologías más comunes en el primer nivel de atención y su manejo clínico. Se incluyen también algunos casos relevantes para el estudio del médico en formación y personal de salud en general.
Nefrología Clínica
Authors: Rea Haiman María Elizabeth , Céspedes Córdova Hugo Rodrigo , Arias Manciati Carla Verónica , Molina Macías Francisco David , Torres Pareja Diego Fernando
Published: September 2022

La presente obra redactada por doctores capacitados que tratan los primordiales puntos y enfermedades prevalentes en la población ecuatoriana. Esta dirigido para todo el personal médico que realiza dentro de Nefrología en el territorio y para médicos en formación, tal este escrito se convierte en una fundamental guía terapéutica.
Manual de Medicina Interna Vol. 2
Authors: Rea Haiman María Elizabeth , Cartuche Macas Aida Mariana , Zumárraga Ramos Denys Patricio , Cedeño Núñez Ana Belén , Manotoa Santana Erika Leonor , Manteca Oñate María de los Ángeles , Cárdenas Ruano Marlon Arístides , Ayo Chipantasig Gustavo David , Venegas Orbe Miryam Lucia , Torres Pareja Diego Fernando , Gavín Barros Lissette Verónica
Published: September 2022

De la obra manual de medicina interna vol. 2 nos da 12 temas de enfermedades más comunes que tienen la posibilidad de manifestarse en el primer grado de atención, su especificación, diagnóstico y procedimiento de primera linea. De enorme utilidad para doctores que se hallan llevando a cabo sus rotaciones en las distintas superficies.
THE MUCUS OF Helix aspersa AS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIBACTERIAL TREATMENT TOWARDS MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA FROM INFECTED WOUNDS
Authors: MERAH NESMA , BOUACHA MABROUKA , BESNACI SANA , KOUCH MINA
Published: September 2022

The mucus of snails is known for its high content of bioactive substances, which can be effective in the treatment of infected wounds. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of three extracts of Helix aspersa mucus.

The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of mucus extracts was carried out against three Gram-negative bacteria isolated from infected wounds using the well diffusion method, the microdilution for the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determination, and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) determination. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using albumin denaturation inhibition and the human red blood cell membrane stabilization methods. The results obtained showed that snail mucus extracts possess an inhibitory effect on the growth and viability of Gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory diameters ranged between 09.33±1.11 and 12.00±0.77 mm, the MIC was 25 % (v/v), and the MBC ranged between 25 and 50 % (v/v). The minimum bactericidal concentrations/minimum inhibitory concentrations (MBC/MIC) ratios indicate that snail mucus possesses a bacterial effect on Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, snail mucus possesses an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization.

The results obtained from this study encourage the use of Helix aspersa mucus in clinical practice as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of infected wounds.
INVESTIGATION ON CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES OF MULBERRY LEAVES IN SILKWORM Bombyx mori L. DURING THE PROGRESS OF ENTOMO-PATHOGENIC FUNGUS Beauveria bassiana (Bal) Vuill.
Authors: BEGUM SYEDA FAKRUNNISA , SAVITHRI G.
Published: September 2022

Silkworm Bombyx mori is an economically important monophagous insect which is thoroughly domesticated by providing all the requisites for its growth and survival. Due to domestication over centuries, silkworms have become very gentle and delicate to the environmental conditions and different types of micro-pathological agents. The microorganisms such as virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa cause diseases such as grasserie, flacherie, muscardine and pebrine which are the major threat to the sericulture industry. Chandrasekaran and Nataraju [1] stated that, out of the total crop loss due to different diseases, 10 to 40 per cent of crop loss occurs due to fungi, Beauveria bassiana in India. Nutrition is the basic unit of silkworm growth and development. Feeding and conversion efficiency of mulberry leaves such as leaf to cocoon ratio, leaf to shell ratio etc., in silkworm is one of the commercially important factors to obtain good dividends. Silkworm acquires its essential nutrients and water from the mulberry leaves it consumes. Various nutritional parameters such as ingestion of mulberry leaf, digestion, Efficiency of Conversion of Ingesta to Larva, Efficiency of Conversion of Digesta to Larva, Efficiency of Conversion of Ingesta to Cocoon, Efficiency of Conversion of Digesta to Cocoon, Efficiency of Conversion of Ingesta to Shell, Efficiency of Conversion of Digesta to Shell, I/g- Cocoon, D/g- Cocoon, I/g-Shell, D/g-Shell were estimated in the present investigation in Beauveria bassiana infected silkworms compared to untreated silkworms to understand the conversion efficiencies in infected silkworms. The results indicated a drop in ingesta, digesta, conversion efficiencies of ingesta and digesta to larva, cocoon and shell in the inoculated silkworms. On the contrary, ingesta and digesta required to produce one gram cocoon and one gram shell was higher in inoculated silkworms than in healthy silkworms. So, there is need to understand the various mechanisms involved and physiological changes occurring in the silkworm due to diseases which may be useful in developing prophylactic measures to overcome the attack of diseases.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND TOXICOLOGICAL POTENTIALS OF Musa textilis, Agathis philippinensis AND Cinnamomum mercadoi LEAF EXTRACTS FROM MAT-I, CLAVERIA, PHILIPPINES
Authors: BALANGIAO MA. VANESSA O. , WALAG ANGELO MARK P.
Published: September 2022

Plants have been well-known to be an excellent source of potentially bioactive compounds. Even with this great importance, modernization and industrialization continually threaten our knowledge of using plants as traditional medicines. In this study, ethanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts of Musa textilis, Agathis philippinensis, and Cinnamomum mercadoi leaves were investigated for its phytochemical content and toxicological potentials. These plants have been known to be used by indigenous people of Mat-I, Claveria Philippines, for various ailments. Standard methods were utilized to determine the qualitative presence of different phytochemicals while Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay was used to evaluate toxicological potentials. From the results, A. philippinensis ethyl acetate extracts and C. mercadoi ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts are considered active or slightly toxic at prolong administration. Results of phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, triterpenoids, steroids and terpenoids in A. philippinensis ethyl acetate extracts and C. mercadoi crude ethanol and crude ethyl acetate extracts. While A. philippinensis ethanol extracts is observed to contain flavonoids, amino acids, triterpenoids, steroids and terpenoids. M. textilis ethanol extracts is observed to contain flavonoids, amino acids and steroids, while results revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids and terpenoids in its ethyl acetate extracts. A. philippinensis ethyl acetate extracts and C. mercadoi ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed to be active and contain bioactive components that could be potential for further studies. Further studies are suggested to isolate and characterize these natural products for in-depth bioassay studies.
FIELD EFFICACY STUDY OF DIFFERENT BIORATIONALS AND INSECTICIDES AGAINST BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) UNDER TERAI REGION OF WEST BENGAL
Authors: SARKAR SURAJ , PAL SUPRAKASH , SAHOO SHYAMAL , LASKAR NRIPENDRA , GHOSH JOYDEB
Published: September 2022

At the Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya's teaching farm, field tests were conducted on brinjal during the rabi seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to assess the field efficacy of seven biorationals and insecticides against Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, which infests brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Results showed that Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Flubendiamide 39.35 SC, and Novaluron 5.25% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.9% SC were the most successful treatments in terms of lowest shoot infestation (2.24-6.05%) and fruit infestation (number basis: 11.01-13.29% and weight basis: 11.94-15.75%). Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC both produced the highest commercial fruit yields, ranging from 13.54 to 14.54 t/ha and 14.11 to 14.51 t/ha, respectively. Azadirachtin 50,000 ppm was found to be the least effective compound against brinjal shoot and fruit borer.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CORAL REEF HABITATS, DAMAGE INDICATORS AND CORALS-REEF FISH RELATIONSHIP IN WADI EL-GEMAL NATIONAL PARK, RED SEA, EGYPT
Authors: ISMAIL MOHAMED , RAHMAN M. AMINUR
Published: September 2022

Because of the pivotal role of the substrate composition in the ecological state of coral reef communities, the present study was attempted to investigate the substrate cover, coral reefs, and reef fishes in the marine ecosystem of the Wadi El-Gemal National Park (WGNP), Red Sea, Egypt. The surveys were conducted in the Spring and Autumn of 2015 by SCUBA diving and/or snorkeling. We applied the Point, Line, and Belt Intercept Transect (PIT, LIT and BLT) methods, to assess the state and forms of the substrate, through a quantitative assessment of the fundamental components of the benthic cover. A quantitative assessment was conducted on five main benthic categories at WGNP; hard corals, soft corals, dead corals, sand, and rocks. Six invertebrate groups; banded coral shrimp, sea urchin, sea cucumber, the crown of thorn, giant clam, and Drupella sp. were also investigated. The study showed that, while there was no significant difference between sites in the benthic structure and cover, sites were different in the cover of hard coral, the abundance of benthic invertebrates, and the abundance of reef fishes. We also, assessed the status of eight impact indicators of reef damage (or damage indication categories); old dead, recently dead, total bleached, partial bleached, diseased, broken, fragments, and recruitments of corals at the marine protected area as well as investigated the coral reef/reef fish community relationship. Among the eight reef impact indicators that were assessed in the current study, the old dead corals showed the highest cover of the substrate. In the same context, the cover of the diseased colonies was lower than other categories in the area of the study. The study also indicated that increasing hard coral cover in the study area had strongly affected the abundance of reef fishes. Nevertheless, the abundance of reef fishes was found to be increased with the increase of the hard coral cover (P < 0.05, r = 0.8), and this trend was attained by all reef fish families, the highest sites in coral cover and fish abundance were: Hnakourab, Wadi Lahmy and Sharm El-Luli (32, 28 and 25%, and 9, 11 and 6 mean number of fish/20 m transect), respectively. Positive correlation between the hard coral cover and fish abundance was detected as well. Acanthuraidae displayed the highest mean number of individuals (53.25/20 m belt transect). The study concluded that there is a need to perform a periodic assessment of the benthic cover of the main components of coral reef communities. Also, the study emphasized the role of benthic substrate structure and cover in the reef fish ecology.
Alpha-Gal Syndrome
Authors: Mathew Dr. Sheena
Published: September 2022

Alpha-gal Syndrome (AGS) is a unique, recently identified type of anaphylaxis caused by a particular IgE antibody to the oligosaccharide galactose—1,3- galactose (alpha-gal), following a tick bite. The blood test for IgE to the oligosaccharide galactose-1,3- galactose (-Gal) and a history of delayed allergic reactions to red meat may usually be used to make the diagnosis. The diagnosis determines the primary treatment, which in most cases involves avoiding mammalian meat and, in some circumstances, dairy. The lone star tick is the main vector of this illness in the United States, while other nations are affected by other tick species. Patients who avoid recurring tick bites frequently see their blood levels of IgE to -Gal fall, albeit the rate of decline varies. This article focuses on the characteristics of the syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, to provide more public awareness and acknowledgment of the condition.
Emerging Technologies and Approaches for In Situ, Autonomous Observing in the Arctic
Authors:   Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Lee Craig , DeGrandpre Michael , Guthrie John , Hill Victoria , Kwok Ron , Morison James , Cox Christopher , Singh Hanumant , Stanton Timothy , Wilkinson Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Understanding and predicting Arctic change and its impacts on global climate requires broad, sustained observations of the atmosphere-ice-ocean system, yet technological and logistical challenges severely restrict the temporal and spatial scope of observing efforts. Satellite remote sensing provides unprecedented, pan-Arctic measurements of the surface, but complementary in situ observations are required to complete the picture. Over the past few decades, a diverse range of autonomous platforms have been developed to make broad, sustained observations of the ice-free ocean, often with near-real-time data delivery. Though these technologies are well suited to the difficult environmental conditions and remote logistics that complicate Arctic observing, they face a suite of additional challenges, such as limited access to satellite services that make geolocation and communication possible. This paper reviews new platform and sensor developments, adaptations of mature technologies, and approaches for their use, placed within the framework of Arctic Ocean observing needs.
Thematic Subject Specific Pedagogy to Integrate 21st Century Learning Skills
Authors: Indriani Fitri , Zakariyah Syamsiah
Published: September 2022

The development of technological advances in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 has provided new challenges for education. Teachers have expected to package the subject matter into a comprehensive and educational set of learning. Nevertheless, most teachers cannot design thorough academic knowledge, especially in integrating HOTS, ICT, character, and competence of the 21st century. This research aims to produce learning tools in integrative thematic based on 21st-century skills. The research method used is research and development. Data collection techniques included expert validation sheets, teacher assessments, and student responses. Subject-specific pedagogy (SSP) consists of three products: syllabus, lesson plan, and student worksheet. They are eligible based on expert validation tests. The syllabus score is 4.8, the lesson plan is 4.8, and the student worksheet is 4.7. The assessment results are in the good category Students' response to the worksheet from the aspect of content feasibility, presentation aspect, linguistic aspect, and visual aspect entered is in the excellent category. Thus, SSP in 21st-century skills is suitable for elementary school students.
PANDEMIE COVID-19 : QUEL RETENTISSEMENT PSYCHOLOGIQUE CHEZ LES PROFESSIONNELS DE SANTE DE SOINS PREMIERS ?
Authors: LANGE M , STROIAZZA R , LICAJ I , RABIAZA A , LE BAS F , HUMBERT X
Published: September 2022

La pandémie liée à la diffusion planétaire du SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) a un retentissement considérable en termes de santé publique comme sur le plan socio-économique. C’est un défi inédit, tant pour les institutions chargées de l’organisation et de l’optimisation des soins que pour les professionnels de santé, contraints de faire des choix éthiques et organisationnels difficiles. Pour répondre à l’enjeu épidémique, une organisation sanitaire exceptionnelle est déployée, en s’appuyant sur les ressources pivots du secteur hospitalier et une mobilisation forte et volontaire du secteur ambulatoire1.
ACTUALITES THERAPEUTIQUES DES GLIFLOZINES
Authors: POUCHAIN D , ADELINE-DUFLOT F , LE ROUX G , RENARD V , LEBEAU JP , BOUSSAGEON R
Published: September 2022

Compte tenu de leur mécanisme d’action, les inhibiteurs du cotransporteur sodium-glucose de type 2 (iSGLT2) étaient des médicaments initialement destinés à traiter l’hyperglycémie chronique des patients diabétiques de type 2, ce qui finalement était une erreur de cible. Les résultats observés sur des critères secondaires lors des premiers essais randomisés chez les patients diabétiques ont conduit l’industrie pharmaceutique à évaluer avec succès ces principes actifs dans l’insuffisance cardiaque (avec fraction d’éjection ventriculaire gauche réduite ou préservée) et dans la maladie rénale chronique, avec ou sans diabète. La récente décision de l’Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament d’étendre la primoprescription des iSGLT2 à tous les médecins ait de la médecine générale et de ses praticiens les acteurs incontournables de leur bon usage, au service de la santé de milliers de patients. Le bon usage doit tenir compte des bénéfices cliniques établis et des risques encourus. Cet article a donc pour objectif de fournir au lecteur une information factuelle et objective sur les résultats des essais cliniques ayant évalué les ISGLT2 dans leurs nouvelles indications. Sa finalité est de favoriser une décision médicale partagée entre un médecin et un patient loyalement et clairement informés.
L'ASSERTIVITE PROFESSIONNELLE
Authors: RICHARD C , LUSSIER MT , MILLETTE B
Published: September 2022

Dans cet article vous est proposé une prolongation de la réflexion sur l’assertivité professionnelle en santé débutée en 2019 et publiée dans exercer1,2. Après deux ans de pandémie, nous ne pouvons que constater le foisonnement des sources d’informations à son propos. Cette « infodémic » fait circuler sur un même pied des informations appartenant à des registres très différents : connaissances, croyances, informations, opinions, commentaires, fausses nouvelles3… Comment un non-spécialiste en santé peut-il juger s’il est exposé à une connaissance, une croyance, un commentaire, un préjugé ou une fausse nouvelle ?
COMMENT FAIRE ACCEPTER LA DEPRESCRIPTION AUX PATIENTS LORS D'UNE REEVALUATION D'ORDONNANCE EN MEDECINE GENERALE ?
Authors: MERLIN L , CUNIN M
Published: September 2022

Contexte. La consommation importante de médicaments favorise la survenue d’effets indésirables. Les médecins généralistes peuvent prévenir cela par une déprescription, mais ils pensent que les patients sont demandeurs d’une prescription médicamenteuse. Objectif. Explorer le vécu des patients concernant la déprescription et les motivations à la prise médicamenteuse. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude qualitative avec analyse selon une approche par théorisation ancrée. Des entretiens individuels compréhensifs ont été conduits auprès de patients habitant dans le département du Pas-de-Calais. L’analyse triangulée a été réalisée avec l’aide du logiciel QSR NVivo 11.4. La suffisance des données a été obtenue après le dixième entretien. Résultats. La prise d’un médicament était motivée par plusieurs facteurs. Les patients percevaient un bénéfice (confort de vie vs effets indésirables). Ils avaient des connaissances et des croyances ainsi que des sources d’influence : soignants, entourage, publicité, notice du médicament. Des motivations inconscientes étaient aussi présentes. Le médecin devait comprendre l’importance du traitement pour le patient, et rechercher la survenue d’effets indésirables ou leurs signes précurseurs. Les patients étaient demandeurs d’informations en raison de connaissances variables ou de croyances erronées. Il était nécessaire de proposer une modification du mode de vie et du traitement (baisse progressive de la posologie, alternative médicamenteuse) en rassurant sur la possibilité de prescrire à nouveau le traitement initial si nécessaire. Ce processus pouvait être favorisé par le contexte comprenant l’utilisation d’une ordonnance sécurisée ou une déprescription précoce. Conclusion. L’étude des motivations à la prise médicamenteuse ouvre d’autres pistes de réflexion pour aider à déprescrire : thérapies psychologiques pour lever le conditionnement, travail en réseau où infirmier(e), médecin et pharmacien pourraient mettre en commun leurs influences.
ELABORATION D'UN OUTIL D'EVALUATION DES COMPETENCES EN FIN DE TROISIEME CYCLE DE MEDECINE GENERALE
Authors: ARIZA M , LAJZEROWICZ C , ONAISI R , HOFFERER A , MACABREY J , RABIAZA A
Published: September 2022

Introduction. L’Université a la responsabilité de la formation et de la certification des soignants. Il n’existait pas de méthode d’évaluation consensuelle des compétences de l’étudiant en troisième cycle de médecine générale, ni pour la phase d’approfondissement ni pour la future phase de consolidation. L’objectif de ce travail était de construire un outil d’évaluation des compétences pour ces deux phases. Mé thode. Une méthode « Recommandations pour la pratique clinique » a été utilisée durant l’année 2020-2021. Un groupe de travail a proposé une grille critériée d’évaluation des compétences attendues en fin de cursus, à partir des descripteurs et indicateurs de développement des compétences selon le référentiel CNGE. Six groupes de relecture (un par compétence) composés d’acteurs de l’évaluation de l’étudiant en troisième cycle issus de plusieurs facultés de France se sont réunis pour proposer des révisions. Une dernière version a été validée par un groupe jury expert. Résultats. 44 médecins ont collaboré aux différents groupes de travail. Une grille critériée d’évaluation des six compétences de médecine générale a été proposée, réunissant 99 descripteurs de performance correspondant à trois niveaux de développement (novice, intermédiaire, compétent). L’outil intégrait un précédent travail sur la phase socle afin de présenter l’ensemble de la trajectoire de développement de chaque compétence. Les indicateurs étaient organisés par niveau (novice, intermédiaire, compétent), par phase (attendu en phase socle, en phase d’approfondissement, ou en phase de consolidation) et par leur lien évolutif. La correspondance avec le référentiel de compétences a été conservée pour chaque modalité. Conclusion. Ce travail propose aux acteurs de l’évaluation dans le DES de MG un outil d’évaluation fonctionnel utilisable à travers divers outils et méthodes. Sa méthode est un argument de diffusion dans les DMG. Il sera indispensable d’étudier la faisabilité et la validité de l’outil produit.
L'APPROCHE PAR COMPETENCES ET LES ETUDIANTS DE MEDECINE GENERALE
Authors: CONAN C , GARNIER F , FLORI M
Published: September 2022

Contexte. L’approche par compétences (APC) est, en sciences de l’éducation, un cadre théorique sur lequel s’appuie le diplôme d’études spécialisées (DES) de médecine générale (MG) en France. Objectifs. L’objectif principal de ce travail était d’explorer le point de vue des internes de médecine générale (IMG) lyon-nais sur l’APC et, d’évaluer leur compréhension et leur adhésion à ce concept. Matériel et méthodes. Cette étude s’est appuyée sur une méthode mixte. Dans un premier temps, une étude qualitative a été menée via des entretiens de groupe semi dirigés avec un échantillon raisonné. Une analyse thématique a été réalisée avec une triangulation des données entre les deux investigateurs. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude descriptive observationnelle monocentrique a été réalisée avec la diffusion d’un questionnaire auto administré. Ré sultats. Cinq focus groups ont été menés de février 2017 à mars 2018, incluant un total de 22 IMG. De février à avril 2019, 126 étudiants ont répondu au questionnaire, sur les 832 au total en cours de formation à Lyon ou n’ayant pas soutenu leur thèse, soit un taux de réponse de 15%. Les résultats de la 1ère phase mettent en évidence des difficultés de compréhension relatifs à l’APC de la part des IMG interrogés, ainsi que des points de vue variés mais globalement critiques sur la question de la pertinence de l’APC appliquée à leur formation. Les internes de semestres plus avancés étaient plus à l’aise avec l’APC que les plus jeunes. Les résultats de la 2ème phase montrent qu’une majorité (60%) des IMG a déclaré com-prendre ce qu’est l’APC. La compréhension de cette approche était significativement liée à un projet d’investissement dans l’enseignement ou la recherche (p = 0.039). Conclusion. Notre travail tend à montrer que la compréhension et l’adhésion des IMG lyonnais à l’APC sont insuffisantes, mais que cette situation évolue et, pour certains, s’inverse, au fur et à mesure qu’ils avancent dans le cursus.
»Maler, Tischler oder Elektronik alles für die Jungen«: Zur Rolle von Geschlecht im Berufswahlprozess geflüchteter Frauen
Authors: Wehking Katharina
Published: September 2022

Der Beitrag untersucht die Berufsvorstellungen junger geflüchteter Frauen und die Rolle von Geschlecht bei ihrer Berufswahl. Basierend auf Interviewdaten identifiziert der Beitrag endogene und exogene Einflussfaktoren, die auf ihre Berufswahlprozesse wirken. Die qualitativen Befunde zeigen, dass die Frauen hohe Bildungsaspirationen haben, diese aber oftmals geschlechtsspezifisch ausfallen. Zudem wirken die soziale und familiäre Herkunft, private und institutionelle Netzwerke sowie Selbstselektionsprozesse aufgrund eingeschränkt wahrgenommener Deutschkenntnisse als Einflussfaktoren auf die Berufswahl. Es wird deutlich, dass geflüchteten Frauen aufgrund ihrer Berufspräferenzen oft ein kleineres Berufsspektrum zur Verfügung steht als Männern und dies durch Beratungsprozesse, die in feminisierte Berufe führen, noch verstärkt wird.
Outcomes of Cold-Stored, Low-Titer Group O Whole Blood Transfusions in Nontrauma Massive Transfusion Protocol Activations
Authors: Christian Robert J. , McDavitt Cara , Nguyen Thuan , Wong Trisha
Published: September 2022

Context.—

The use of low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) in military and civilian trauma centers shows no significant difference in outcomes compared with component therapy.

Objective.—

To compare the use of LTOWB with standard component therapy in nontrauma patients requiring massive transfusion at a major academic medical center.

Design.—

This is a retrospective cohort study comparing nontrauma patients who received at least 1 unit of cold-stored LTOWB during a massive transfusion with those who received only blood component therapy during a massive transfusion. Primary outcomes are mortality at 24 hours and 30 days. Secondary outcomes are degree of hemolysis, length of inpatient hospital stay, and time to delivery of blood products.

Results.—

One hundred twenty massive transfusion activations using 1570 blood products from 103 admissions were identified during the study period. Fifty-five admissions were included in the component cohort and 48 in the LTOWB cohort. There were no significant differences in primary outcomes: 24-hour mortality odds ratio, 2.12 (P = .14); 30-day mortality odds ratio, 1.10 (P = .83). Length of stay was found to be statistically significantly different and was 1.58 days shorter in the LTOWB cohort compared with the component cohort (95% CI, 1.44–1.73; P < .001). There were no significant differences in the remaining secondary outcomes.

Conclusions.—

LTOWB therapy appears no worse than using standard component therapy in nontrauma patients requiring a massive transfusion activation, suggesting that LTOWB is a reasonable alternative to component therapy in nontrauma, civilian hospital patients, even when blood type is known.
Formação Ética no contexto filosófico da Educação Básica
Authors: Charnoski Sandro Luiz
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apontar possibilidades de pensamento ético que possam ser apropriados pela Educação Básica de forma concreta e que auxiliem os processos de ensino e aprendizagem da Filosofia como momento ímpar da formação ética das juventudes nas escolas. Desenvolvemos uma abordagem teórica da Ética a partir conceitos fundamentais para a discussão atual, autenticidade e responsabilidade, com uma releitura para aproximar o campo teórico conceitual, próprio da filosofia, do campo vivencial tanto do professor da Educação Básica quanto dos estudantes, dado que a apropriação da atividade filosófica está estreitamente relacionada à significação da filosofia para o estudante. Buscamos também uma compreensão de Ética que possa orientar os rumos do trabalho com a Filosofia na Educação Básica, considerando para tanto, as contribuições mais recentes da Filosofia, como Charles Taylor e o desenvolvimento de uma ética para a autenticidade, corroborando para a formação dos estudantes que estão numa fase importante de formação e conhecimento de si, e Hans Jonas e a ética pensada enquanto princípio de responsabilidade para com as coisas que garantem a existência e perpetuação da vida no planeta.
Antiarrhythmic effects of newly developed propafenone derivatives
Authors: Ivković Branka , Opačić Dragan , Džudović Boris , Crevar Milkica , Gojković-Bukarica Ljiljana
Published: September 2022

It is well known that the presence of different chemical groups in drug molecules influences their pharmacological properties. The aim of our study is to investigate whether newly synthesized derivatives of propafenone, with changes in benzyl moiety, have a different effect upon arrhythmia, compared to propafenone. 5OCl-PF and 5OF-PF are derivatives of propafenone with -Cl or -F substituent on the ortho position of the benzyl moiety. For verification of their antiarrhythmic effect, we used an in vivo rat model of aconitine-induced arrhythmia. 5OCl-PF speeded the appearance of supraventricular premature beats (SVPB) and death more than aconitine. All animals treated with 5OCl-PF developed ventricular premature beats in salvos (VPBS), bigeminies (VPBB) and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (PVT). 5OF-PF had a negative chronotropic effect and potentiated atrial excitability (more SVPB). It had a positive effect on the occurrence and onset time of supraventricular tachycardia, VPBS, and PVT. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that newly synthesized propafenone derivatives have no better antiarrhythmic effect than the parent compound. In the future, our research will be focused on the synthesis of different derivatives and examining their antiarrhythmic effects.
A comparative study on energy use of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars under mechanized cropping systems in West of Turkey
Authors: Ozpinar Sakine
Published: September 2022

The study was performed energy analysis of mechanized rice production for two rice cultivars under a region, named Çanakkale, in West Turkey. The indicators are energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy. The cultivars of rice commonly grown in the region are listed in two groups: native and high yield hybrid. Primary data were obtained through field survey with farmer's interviews face to face with a questionnaire in Biga, Ezine and centre districts, commonly rice cultivation areas in the region. Secondary data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the production period of 2020-2021. Analysis of data showed that averagely diesel had the highest share within the total energy inputs as 46.46% and 45.72% for native and hybrid, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizers with 24.19%, and 23.80%, especially nitrogen. Water input was the third highest share with 11.29% and 11.60% for native and hybrid, respectively. Machinery input had fourth share in total, but it showed similar percentage with around 8.00% in both cultivars because of receiving similar machinery operations. Another high input was pesticides with around 4.00% because herbicides using is very high, especially for annual and perennial sedges and broadleaf weeds. Labour is the optimum level because of cultivation practices are usually performed by mechanical power. Net energy was found higher in hybrid cultivar with 101.41MJ ha-1 due to higher grain and straw yield than native with 84.01 MJ ha-1 . The energy use efficiency and energy productivity of nature cultivar were 2.3 and 0.12 kg∙MJ-1 , respectively, corresponding to increases of 2.5 and 0.13 kg∙MJ-1 in hybrid. With appropriate agronomic measures in rice production in the study area, higher yield of hybrid cultivar would necessarily lead to an increase in energy productivity and gain.
Effects of soil and water conservation measures on the environment: A review
Authors: Ahuchaogu Israel , Ehiomogue Precious , Udoumoh Unwana
Published: September 2022

The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of the environment. Soil degradation was a significant global issues during the 20th century and remains of high importance in the 21 st century as it affect the environment, agronomic production, food security, and quality of life. This review provides an extensive review information on soil conservation strategies or methods and their applications. Based on this, the most promising soil conservation technologies are identified to improve the management and conservation of soil resources. This review also aims to provide general characteristics of soil and water loss, explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable development, and to provide relevant methods for soil and water conservation. The result of this review shows that measures focused on soil and water conservation by ridging, constructing earth bunds and terraces, mulching, multiple cropping, fallowing, and tree planting. Mulching, crop management, and conservation tillage are appropriate technologies for conserving sandy soils of high erosivity and low water holding capacity. Leguminous cover crops and residue management reduce the impact of rain. These measures also reported to enhance the levels of soil organic matter and nutrients, especially nitrogen, which is generally limited in tropical soils. Intercropping of compatible species is recorded as a promising cropping system, as cultures with different rooting patterns and growth cycles can promote nutrient recycling and suppress weeds.
Design and development of a multi-tasks motorized ginger rhizomes juice expression machine
Authors: Simonyan Kayode , Onu Onu , Kadurumba Chukwuma , Okafor-Yadi Osemedua , Paul Tosin
Published: September 2022

Manual ginger juice expression processes are tedious, unhygienic, and inefficient, affecting the quality and quantity of ginger juice extracted. Extraction by chemical means is complex, expensive, and requires high skill to operate. The developed motorized ginger juice expression machine performs two distinct unit operations: size reduction and separation processes. Major components of the machine include the feeding unit, pulverizing unit, juice expression unit, juice drainage point, waste outlet, frame, and power transmission system. The machine is powered by 2 H.P., 1400 rpm and 1 H.P., 1430 rpm prime movers, and the V-belts and pulley assembly speed are 646 rpm and 240 rpm, respectively. The developed expression machine offers an affordable and simple method of processing fresh ginger minimizing loss in ginger rhizome quantity and quality, and ultimately reducing postharvest losses.
Improving efficiency of internal combustion engine: Perspectives of application free piston engine in agricultural engineering
Authors: Miruašvili Vladimir , Haribegašvili Aleksandr , Kuteliâ Georgij
Published: September 2022

The article discusses various schematic diagrams of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and shows their main disadvantages, in particular, low efficiency, which, depending on the type of modern ICE, ranges from 0.25 to 0.5. To increase this indicator, the search for more advanced ICE schemes continues. For this purpose, a new schematic diagram of a free-piston internal combustion engine (FPICE) is proposed, in which power is transferred by a hydraulic drive, as a result, the efficiency increases from 30 to 40%.