bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual Minority Status and Self-Rated Health: The Importance of Socioeconomic Status, Age, and Sex
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth
Published: March 2013

Objectives. I examined how sexual minority status, as indicated by sex of sexual partners, is associated with self-rated health and how socioeconomic status suppresses and age and sex moderate this association.

Methods. I used multinomial logistic regression to analyze aggregated data from the 1991 to 2010 General Social Survey, a population-based data set (n = 13 480).

Results. Respondents with only different-sex partners or with any same-sex partners reported similar levels of health. With socioeconomic status added to the model, respondents with any same-sex partners reported worse health than those with only different-sex partners, but only if sexual intercourse with same-sex partners occurred in the previous 5 years. Age and sex moderated this relationship: having any same-sex partners was associated with worse health for women but not men and among younger adults only.

Conclusions. The relationship between sexual minority status and self-rated health varies across sociodemographic groups. Future research should use population-level data to examine other health outcomes and continue to explore how the intersection of sexual minority status and other sociodemographic indicators shapes health.
Strong Smoke-Free Law Coverage in the United States by Race/Ethnicity: 2000–2009
Authors: Gonzalez Mariaelena , Sanders-Jackson Ashley , Song Anna V. , Cheng Kai-wen , Glantz Stanton A.
Published: March 2013

Objectives. We determined whether racial/ethnic disparities existed in coverage by type of 100% smoke-free private workplace, restaurant, and bar laws from 2000 to 2009.

Methods. We combined US census population data and the American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation US Tobacco Control Database to calculate the percentage of individuals in counties covered by each type of law by race/ethnicity from 2000 to 2009.

Results. More of the US Hispanic and Asian populations were covered by 100% smoke-free restaurant and bar laws than non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations. Asian coverage by smoke-free bars laws increased from 36% to 75%, and Hispanic coverage increased from 31% to 62%, compared with 6% to 41% for non-Hispanic Blacks and 8% to 49% for non-Hispanic Whites.

Conclusions. Hispanics and Asians benefited more from the rapid spread of smoke-free law coverage, whereas non-Hispanic Blacks benefited less. These ethnic disparities suggest a likely effect of geographic region and may provide a basis for more effective, community-based, and tailored policy-related interventions, particularly regarding areas with high concentrations of non-Hispanic Blacks.
Poison Politics: A Contentious History of Consumer Protection Against Dangerous Household Chemicals in the United States
Authors: Jones Marian Moser , Benrubi Isidore Daniel
Published: March 2013

The history of consumer protection against household poisons presents a key case study of the uniquely American struggle to balance public health and safety with the interests of business. By the late 19th century, package designs, warning labels, and state statutes had formed an uneven patchwork of protective mechanisms against accidental poisonings. As household chemicals proliferated in the early 20th century, physicians concerned with childhood poisonings pressured the federal government to enact legislation mandating warning labels on packaging for these substances. Manufacturers of household chemicals agreed to labeling requirements for caustic poisons but resisted broader regulation. Accidental poisonings of children continued to increase until the enactment of broad labeling and packaging legislation in the 1960s and 1970s. This history suggests that voluntary agreements between government agencies and manufacturers are inadequate to protect consumers against household poisonings and that, in the United States, protective household chemical regulation proceeds in a reactive rather than a precautionary manner.
Forging an Agenda for Suicide Prevention in the United States
Authors: Caine Eric D.
Published: March 2013

Suicide prevention must be transformed by integrating injury prevention and mental health perspectives to develop a mosaic of common risk public health interventions that address the diversity of populations and individuals whose mortality and morbidity contribute to the burdens of suicide and attempted suicide. Emphasizing distal preventive interventions, strategies must focus on people and places—and on related interpersonal factors and social contexts—to alter the life trajectories of people before they become suicidal. Attention also must be paid to those in the middle years—the age with the greatest overall burden. We need scientific and social processes that define priorities and assess their potential for reducing what has been a steadily increasing rate of suicide during the past decade.
The sustainability of urban water supply in low income countries: a livelihoods model
Authors: Hadipuro Wijanto , Wiering Mark , van Naerssen Ton
Published: March 2013

Urban water supply can be managed by public institutions, private companies, communities, or by combinations thereof. Controversy continues over which system can most effectively improve livelihoods. Responding to this discussion, an extended model of sustainable livelihoods analysis is proposed that takes on a holistic approach: it includes issues of economic viability as well as the consequences for the vulnerability of poor people and the sustainability of water-related ecosystems. This model can be used to analyse the impact of water provision on livelihoods and to leverage policies to create a more sustainable water provision. It is applied to the city of Semarang in Indonesia that, as many coastal cities in low income countries, suffers from vicious cycles of poverty and problematic water supply.
Creating a culture of health: hygiene behaviour change in community health clubs through knowledge and positive peer pressure
Authors: Waterkeyn Juliet Anne , Waterkeyn Anthony James
Published: March 2013

Understanding the mechanisms that trigger behaviour change to overcome risky hygiene is critical to improving family health. Research in an integrated health promotion programme in 382 Community Health Clubs (CHCs) in three districts of Zimbabwe showed clearly the value members attached to gaining ‘knowledge’, which was their strongest motivation for joining CHCs. In these rural areas, where only 38% had completed primary school, randomly sampled CHCs ranked the ‘Need for Knowledge’ second highest after ‘Safety’. A survey of 880 CHC members showed that an average of 80% of CHC members who had ‘full knowledge of diarrhoea’, also practised ten recommended hygiene practices (P > 0.001), compared to 17% who had ‘some knowledge’, and 6% who had safe hygiene, but ‘no knowledge’. In the control group only 50% with ‘full knowledge’ of diarrhoea, also practised safe hygiene, 30% fewer than the CHCs. Therefore, thorough training is needed to ensure a critical mass have ‘full knowledge’. This justifies the CHC Model with 24 weekly sessions reinforcing key messages over a six month period. Positive peer pressure through shared knowledge, understanding and experience, combines to change group values ensuring that even uninformed individuals adopt safe hygiene practices through the adoption of a ‘Culture of Health’.
Engineering in the time of cholera: overcoming institutional and political challenges to rebuild Zimbabwe's water and sanitation infrastructure in the aftermath of the 2008 cholera epidemic
Authors: Brocklehurst Clarissa , Malik Murtaza , Sebunya Kiwe , Salama Peter
Published: March 2013

A devastating cholera epidemic swept Zimbabwe in 2008, causing over 90,000 cases, and leaving more than 4,000 dead. The epidemic raged predominantly in urban areas, and the cause could be traced to the slow deterioration of Zimbabwe's water and sewerage utilities during the economic and political crisis that had gripped the country since the late 1990s. Rapid improvement was needed if the country was to avoid another cholera outbreak. In this context, donors, development agencies and government departments joined forces to work in a unique partnership, and to implement a programme of swift improvements that went beyond emergency humanitarian aid but did not require the time or massive investment associated with full-scale urban rehabilitation. The interventions ranged from supply of water treatment chemicals and sewer rods to advocacy and policy advice. The authors analyse the factors that made the programme effective and the challenges that partners faced. The case of Zimbabwe offers valuable lessons for other countries transitioning from emergency to development, and particularly those that need to take rapid action to upgrade failing urban systems. It illustrates that there is a ‘middle path’ between short-term humanitarian aid delivered in urban areas and large-scale urban rehabilitation, which can provide timely and highly effective results.
Sanitation coverage in Bangladesh since the millennium: consistency matters
Authors: Zheng Y. , Hakim S. A. I. , Nahar Q. , van Agthoven A. , Flanagan S. V.
Published: March 2013

Household surveys in Bangladesh between 1994 and 2009 assessed sanitation access using questions that differed significantly over time, resulting in apparently inconsistent findings. Applying the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme's 2008 definition for open defecation and improved sanitation facilities excluding shared facilities to the compiled data set, sensible sanitation coverage trends emerge. The percentage of households openly defecating declined at a rate of about 1.8% per year from 30% in 1994 to 6.8% in 2009, primarily due to changes in rural areas. Access to individual improved sanitation facilities nearly doubled from about 30% in 2006 to 57% in 2009, with both rural and urban areas showing impressive progress. Access to shared improved latrines also nearly doubled from about 13% in 2006 to 24% in 2009, with the urban slums recording the greatest gain from 17% in 2006 to 65% in 2009. Shared improved latrines are only slightly less clean than individual ones. Dependence on shared improved latrines increases with population density. In 2007, 20% of the poorest households still openly defecated, although more of them (38%) shared a latrine of any type. A poverty reduction program is recommended to address this equity issue, although applying consistent definitions is crucial to documenting progress.
Topological indices of the Kneser graph KG n,k
Authors: Mohammadyari R. , Darafsheh M.R.
Published: March 2013

In this paper we use transitivity property of the automorphism group of the
Kneser graph to calculate its Wiener, Szeged and PI indices.
Extremal trees with fixed degree sequence for atom-bond connectivity index
Authors: Xing Rundan , Zhou Bo
Published: March 2013

The atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index of a graph G is the sum of
?d(u)+d(v)?2/d(u)d(v) over all edges uv of G, where d(u) is the degree of
vertex u in G. We characterize the extremal trees with fixed degree sequence
that maximize and minimize the ABC index, respectively. We also provide
algorithms to construct such trees.
On delta-suitable elements in algebraic lattices
Authors: Stepanovic Vanja , Tepavcevic Andreja
Published: March 2013

In this paper we introduce new methods and results that can lead to the
solution of a long-standing open problem of the representation of algebraic
lattices by weak congruences. Here known criteria for ?-suitable elements in
algebraic lattices are generalized.
Bands of η-simple semigroups
Authors: Bogdanovic Stojan , Popovic Zarko
Published: March 2013

In this paper on an arbitrary semigroup we define a few different types of
relations and its congruence extensions. Also, we describe the structure of
semigroups in which these relations are band congruences. The components of
such obtained band decompositions are in some sense simple semigroups.
An iterative algorithm to compute the Bott-Duffin inverse and generalized Bott-Duffin inverse
Authors: Sheng Xingping
Published: March 2013

Let L be a subspace of Cn and PL be the orthogonal projector of Cn onto L.
For A?Cn?n, the generalized Bott-Duffin (B-D) inverse A(+)(L) is given by
A(+)(L)= PL(APL + PL?)?. In this paper, by defined a non-standard inner
product, a finite formulae is presented to compute Bott-Duffin
inverse A(?)(L) = PL(APL+P?)? and generalized Bott-Duffin inverse A(?)(L)= PL
(APL+PL?)? under the condition A is L?zero (i.e., AL?L?={0}). By this
iterative method, when taken the initial matrix X0 = PLA?PL,
the Bott-Duffin inverse A(?1)(L) and generalized Bott-duffin inverse A(?)(L)
can be obtained within a finite number of iterations in absence
of roundoff errors. Finally a given numerical example illustrates that the
iterative algorithm dose converge.
Some generalizations of Caristi type fixed point theorem on partial metric spaces
Authors: Acar Özlem , Altun Ishak
Published: March 2013

In the persent paper, we give Bae and Suzuki type generalizations of
Caristi?s fixed point theorem on partial metric space.
Remarks on Si-separation axioms
Authors: Ge Xun , Yang Songlin , Cao Yuping
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a space is a pair (X, K ), where X is a set and K ? exp X.
This paper gives some new characterizations for Si-separation axioms in the
space (X, K) (i=1,2). As some corollaries of these results, some
characterizations for Ti -separation axioms in the space (X, K) are
obtained (i=1, 2).
On the multidimensional Hilbert-type inequalities involving the hardy operator
Authors: Krnic Mario
Published: March 2013

This paper deals with the multidimensional Hilbert-type inequalities
involving the Hardy operator and homogeneous kernels. The main results are
established in the setting with the non-conjugate exponents. After reduction
to the conjugate case, the inequalities with the best possible constant
factors are obtained in some general cases. As an application, some
particular settings are considered in order to obtain the multidimensional
extensions of some recent results, known from the literature.
Effect of ginkgo extract on eye microcirculation in patients with diabetes
Authors: Spadiene Asta , Savickiene Nijole , Jurgeviciene Nijole , Zalinkevicius Rimantas , Norkus Antanas , Ostrauskas Rytas , Skesters Andrejs , Silova Alisa , Rodovicius Hiliaras , Francaite-Daugeliene Miglė
Published: March 2013

The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus has increased around the world in the last decade. Anyone with diabetes is at risk of diabetic eye complications. The aim of the study was to compare effects of standardized Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.) dry extract (Ex.Gb) with the placebo on the microcirculation lesions of the eye in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. 44 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to Ex.Gb 160 mg per day or placebo, and were followed up for nine months. Dose of Ex.Gb was increased to 240 mg in next nine months. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) of plasma was measured using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. Ophthalmologic examination was performed by the biomicroscopic method. Vascular, intravascular and perivascular alterations were evaluated, and total conjunctival index was calculated. Though the values of the total conjunctival index and its constituent decreased (P<0.05) during the study in Ex.Gb group, there were no significant differences between these parameters as compared with placebo group. Evaluation of plasma TAS showed gradually increment, although insignificant and very small, in Ex.Gb group. The significance of Ex.Gb on development of the alterations of eye microcirculation, especially in elder patients needs to be explored further.
Threshold voltages and optical retardation of deformed flexoelectric nematic layers with asymmetric surface anchoring
Authors: Derfel G. , Buczkowska M.
Published: March 2013

Deformations of homeotropically aligned flexoelectric nematic layers induced by dc electric fields were simulated numerically. Two different anchoring strengths on the limiting surfaces were assumed. Nematic material was characterised by negative dielectric anisotropy. Both signs of the sum of flexoelectric coefficients were taken into account. The electric properties of the layer were described in terms of a weak electrolyte model. Mobility of cations was assumed to be one order of magnitude lower than that of anions. Quasi-blocking electrode contacts were assumed. The threshold voltages for deformations were determined by means of calculations of the phase difference Φ between ordinary and extraordinary light rays passing through a layer placed between crossed polarisers. The threshold values depended on the polarity of the bias voltage U. When the threshold value was exceeded, the phase difference increased with the voltage. Two different Φ(U/Uthreshold) dependencies for the two polarities of the voltage were found for each layer if the nematic possessed the flexoelectric properties. The possibility of using this effect to detect the flexoelectricity in the nematic was explored by simulated experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed.
Luminescence and structural properties of thermally evaporated benzanthrone dyes thin films
Authors: Bulanovs A. , Kirilov G. , Fleisher M. , Kirilova E. , Mihailova I.
Published: March 2013

We report optical and luminescence properties of 3-N, N-diacetylaminobenzanthrone thin films deposited on glass substrate by thermal evaporation. The structural and optical properties of organic thin films were studied by means of the confocal microscope with an input of femtosecond laser radiation, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Intense luminescence with the maximum at 530 nm was observed when excited by laser radiation with the wavelengths 458, 476, 488, 496, 514 nm. In addition, the luminescence caused by two-photon absorption of femtosecond (fs) laser radiation has been investigated. Semi empirical calculations by AM1 and ZINDO/S methods and ab initio calculations using Gaussian software were carried out to estimate the electron system of structure. The calculations show planar configurations for the aromatic core and diacetylamino fragment of this compound. The study of the structure of benzanthrone derivative thin films with X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, indicates the distance between molecular layers and ordered molecular fragments.
A block-based watermarking scheme for image tamper detection and self-recovery
Authors: Chang Y. , Tai W.
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we present an effective block-based digital fragile watermarking scheme for image tamper detection and recovery. The proposed scheme embeds watermarks consisting of the authentication data and the recovery data into image blocks. It adopts parity check and the intensity-relation check to thwart various malicious attacks. In the tamper detection process, instead of independently testing the embedded authentication data of each block, we take the block-neighbourhood into account and utilize a hierarchical structure to determine the legitimacy of image blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can effectively resist collage attack, vector quantization (VQ) attack and constant-average attack, while sustaining superior accuracy of tamper localization. Furthermore, the results reveal that the tampered images can be successfully self-recovered with acceptable visual quality.
Triangulating System Requirements for Users with Severe Motor Disabilities
Authors: Randolph Adriane B.
Published: March 2013

By giving a voice to users in the design process of information systems, they often feel more empowered and engaged. The inclusion of users with disabilities in the design process, however, can be markedly more difficult. User profiling allows a user's preferences and interests to be captured and represented. However, for a user with severe motor disabilities, information related to his or her user profile must be obtained through a variety of means. Because feedback from a person with a severe motor disability may be limited and, at times, unreliable, system requirements must be triangulated using multiple sources to help ensure that an accurate representation of the user's input is obtained. A process for triangulating system requirements is presented, which starts with identifying the user and people closely related to the user, then interviewing the user, recording interactions with the user, interviewing others, and finally confirming captured preferences through a questionnaire.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Practice in the Pursuit of Family Quality of Life: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Saito Yumiko
Published: March 2013

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) practice may have both positive and negative impacts on quality of life (QOL) of children with AAC as well as their entire family. Thirteen studies were reviewed to analyze family outcomes and perspectives on AAC practice by using a family quality of life (FQOL) framework comprised of five empirically derived domains in order to identify issues that families perceive as important to their lives. The impact of current AAC practices encompasses all five domains: Family interaction, parenting, physical/ material well-being, disability-related support, and emotional well-being. Implications are drawn for practitioners and researchers for AAC practices that impact positive FQOL outcomes.
Utilizing Natural Supports to Lower the Cost of Supported Employment
Authors: Cimera Robert Evert
Published: March 2013

This study explored the effect of utilizing natural supports strategies on the cost of supported employment in the state of Wisconsin. Data presented here suggest that the use of natural supports reduced annual per capita costs by 57.6%. Further, supported employees trained via natural supports generated cumulative costs of $5,063 over 6.04 fiscal quarters (i.e., $838 per fiscal quarter). This is compared to the state average of $8,212 over 3.36 fiscal quarters (i.e., $2,444 per fiscal quarter).
Peer Supports as an Alternative to Individually Assigned Paraprofessionals in Inclusive High School Classrooms
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Sisco Lynn G. , Melekoglu Macid A. , Kurkowski Colleen
Published: March 2013

Promoting access to the general curriculum has emerged as a central theme of the standards-based reform movement, challenging educators to identify effective strategies for supporting students with disabilities to access the numerous social and learning opportunities within general education. We examined peer support interventions as an alternative to one-to-one, adult-delivered support in high school science and art classrooms. All four participants with severe disabilities engaged in substantially more peer interactions when working with a peer support relative to when receiving direct support from a paraprofessional or special educator. Students' levels of academic engagement were not diminished because of participation in peer support arrangements. We discuss the contributions of these strategies to promoting peer interaction within inclusive classrooms, as well as offer recommendations for further refinement of this intervention approach.
A Review and Analysis of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders Using a Paradigm of Communication Competence
Authors: Ostryn Cheryl , Wolfe Pamela S. , Rusch Frank R.
Published: March 2013

Research related to the use of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) with individuals having autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) was examined using a communication competence paradigm detailed by J. C. Light (1988, 1989, 2003). Communication components were operationalized based on skills identified in ASD research. A review was conducted to examine general PECS outcomes and outcomes related to communication competence including generalized, spontaneous, and joint attention abilities, and maintenance. Results indicated that there were few empirical studies related to the PECS. Of note, the reported studies indicated generally positive outcomes for individuals with ASDs, particularly related to manding and generalization. When the communication competence paradigm was applied, results indicated that, in its present form, the PECS needs to be used as a part of a multimodal communication system. Results suggest that training related to the PECS includes joint attention and question asking. Recommendations for the use of PECS and future research with individuals having ASDs are outlined.
Postsecondary Outcomes in the 21st Century—A Change is Gonna Come?
Authors: Hughes Carolyn
Published: March 2013

It's Thursday afternoon in the middle of April. James Sandler is sitting on the couch watching television—again. Yesterday he played video games—again. It wasn't this way last year. That's when he was still in high school. He had a part-time job then in a pet store with assistance from the school's employment specialist. James also was learning to ride the city bus to the gym with his community volleyball team and eating at the local pizzeria with the team after games. During the day, he attended biology, world history, and keyboarding classes with his peers and tended plants in the school greenhouse with the gardening club. All that had changed, however, during the year when he hit 22. Now he was out of school and out of services and one day was pretty much like all the others.
Access to the General Curriculum: The Mandate and Role of Context in Research-Based Practice for Students with Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Ryndak Diane Lea , Moore Margaret A. , Orlando Ann-Marie , Delano Monica
Published: March 2013

The reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act and the No Child Left Behind Act requires that students with extensive support needs have access to, participate in, and make progress on the general curriculum along with their grade-level general education peers. This article suggests that the terms used in this legislation have been interpreted differently across educational personnel, parents, advocates, and researchers, and that these differing interpretations have resulted in confusion and controversy related to services for this set of students. The purpose of this article was to initiate a discussion about the role of context when conceptualizing access to the general curriculum for students with extensive support needs related to communication, physical, and intellectual disabilities. It begins by discussing the federal mandate and regulations related to access to the general curriculum. It then presents differing interpretations of the concept of access to the general curriculum for students with extensive support needs, components that comprise access, and the impact of those interpretations on services. Next, it suggests an approach to conceptualizing educational services to guide policy makers, educators, and researchers as they develop, implement, and study effective practices that facilitate access to the general curriculum for students with extensive support needs. The article concludes with the suggestion that researchers, administrators, policy makers, and stakeholders must develop and hold a common understanding of the construct access to the general curriculum that is based on findings of the extant research; and that for all students, including students with extensive support needs, general education contexts are critical to accessing the general curriculum.
Promoting Cultural Competencies for Teachers of Students with Significant Disabilities
Authors: Harmon Corinne , Kasa-Hendrickson Christi , Neal La Vonne I.
Published: March 2013

Providing comprehensive services to students with significant support needs is a complex and challenging endeavor because of the uniqueness of a wide range of conditions and variables that impact one or more of the functioning capacities of these students. Along with this complexity, it is necessary to fully integrate culturally responsive ideology and pedagogy within the framework of determined effective strategies and supports. This article provides a context for the application of the essential elements of cultural responsiveness and the critical skills for teachers to use in teaching diverse populations of students with significant support needs. Recommendations are made for the inclusion of these elements in teaching practices in terms of the development of a more foundational knowledge base and the implementation of culturally responsive practices within the field of special education. Implications for further research are identified to support the implementation of quality services for students with significant support needs through culturally responsive practices.
In Search of Meaningful Daytimes: Case Studies of Community-Based Nonwork Supports
Authors: Sulewski Jennifer Sullivan
Published: March 2013

As of 2004, more than 114,000 individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities in the United States were identified as receiving supports for community-based nonwork (CBNW), that is, activities that do not involve paid employment but do take place in the community rather than that in a facility (Institute for Community Inclusion, 2007). Little is known, however, about the nature of CBNW as implemented by provider agencies and experienced by people with intellectual/developmental disabilities. This manuscript reports the findings of case studies of CBNW in two states with well-established CBNW supports. Success of CBNW in meeting goals such as individualization, integration, choice, and independence varied from state to state and from site to site. This variability suggests a need for clearer standards and best practices for CBNW.
Pictures, Emotions, Conceptual Change
Authors: Rajamani Imke
Published: March 2013

The article advocates the importance of studying conceptual meaning and change in modern mass media and highlights the significance of conceptual intermediality. The article first analyzes anger in Hindi cinema as an audiovisual key concept within the framework of an Indian national ideology. It explores how anger and the Indian angry young man became popularized, politicized, and stereotyped by popular films and print media in India in the 1970s and 1980s. The article goes on to advocate for extending conceptual history beyond language on theoretical grounds and identifies two major obstacles in political iconography: the methodological subordination of visuals to language in the negotiation of meaning, and the distinction of emotion and reason by assigning them functionally to different sign systems.
Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe Reloaded?
Authors: Hoffmann Stefan-Ludwig , Kollmeier Kathrin , Steinmetz Willibald , Sarasin Philipp , Lüdtke Alf , Geulen Christian
Published: March 2013

Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe Reloaded? Writing the Conceptual History of the Twentieth Century
Guest editors: Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann and Kathrin Kollmeier

Introduction
Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann and Kathrin Kollmeier

Some Thoughts on the History of Twentieth-Century German Basic Concepts
Willibald Steinmetz

Is a “History of Basic Concepts of the Twentieth Century“ Possible? A Polemic
Philipp Sarasin

History of Concepts, New Edition: Suitable for a Better Understanding of Modern Times?
Alf Lüdtke

Reply
Christian Geulen
The social life of categories
Authors: Karlsson Bengt G.
Published: March 2013

In this article I examine the ways in which the term “indigenous peoples“ is reworked in a specific South Asian context. I focus on the new, hybrid category of “indigenous tribe“ in the Indian state of Meghalaya. I argue that we can think of the indigenous tribe category as a strategic conflation of two different regimes of rights or political assertions. The first relates to the existing nation-state framework for affirmative action as expressed in the Scheduled Tribe (ST) status, while the second relates to the emerging global framework for asserting the rights of indigenous peoples. While the benefits of asserting the status of indigenous tribes is obvious, for example, preventing other, nonindigenous tribes from owning land in the state, the long-term gains seems more doubtful. Both affirmative action programs and indigenous peoples frameworks are motivated by a moral imperative to redress historical injustices and contemporary social inequalities. To evoke them for other ends might eventually backfire. The larger point I seek to make, however, is that political categories tend to take on a life of their own, escaping their intended purposes and hence applied by people in novel and surprising ways.
Utility of Cyano-N-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)acetohydrazide in the Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud R. , El-Ziaty Ahmed K. , El-Azm Fatma S. M. Abu , Ismail Mahmoud F. , Shiba Sayed A.
Published: March 2013

Cyano- N-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)acetohydrazide was prepared by condensation of isatin with cyanoaceto-hydrazide in refluxing 1,4-dioxane. Subsequent reaction with a variety of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents afforded novel heterocyclic compounds and spirooxoindoles. The IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra of all the synthesised compounds are discussed.
A Convenient Synthesis of Some New Thiazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives Incorporating a Naphthalene Moiety
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Badrey Mohamed G.
Published: March 2013

The reaction of 2-[1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide with hydrazonoyl halides afforded new thiazole derivatives, whilst reaction with compounds containing an activated double bond such as ethoxymethylene-malononitrile and benzylidenemalononitrile yielded the respective pyrimidine derivatives. A 4-thiazolidin-4-one was obtained by reaction of the hydrazinecarbothioamide with ethyl bromoacetate. Subsequent condensation of the thia-zolidinone with aromatic aldehydes afforded the corresponding arylidene derivatives. Treatment of the hydrazinecarbothioamide with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate resulted in the formation of a (methoxycarbonylmethylidene) thiazolinone. Reaction of the hydrazinecarbothioamide with 2-chloro-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds gave the respective thiazole derivatives. The structures of the newly synthesised compounds were confirmed by their elemental analysis and spectral data.
Synthesis of Imides and Benzoylureas by Direct Oxidation of N-methylenes of Amides and Benzylureas
Authors: Huang Wenhua , Xu Mei-Li
Published: March 2013

Some amides and benzylureas can be oxidised to imides and benzoylureas, respectively, using silver(I) nitrate (20 mol %), copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (20 mol %), ammonium persulfate (3.0 equiv.), and potassium fluoride (20 equiv.) in water at room temperature.
Three Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Directed by a Rigid Dicarboxylate Ligand: Syntheses, Structure and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Jun Wang , Wei-Ping Wu , Lu Lu , Li-Ke Zou , Bin Xie
Published: March 2013

The complexes [Ln(L)3(H2O)2]n (Ln=Nd, Sm or Eu; HL= 2-ethoxynicotinic acid) have been synthesised. Structural determinations reveal the complexes to have similar one-dimensional linear chain motifs, which can be further linked into two-dimensional layers via hydrogen bonding interactions. Their three-dimensional luminescence has also been studied.
Three-component and One-pot Reaction between Phenacyl Bromide and Primary Amines in the Presence of Carbon Disulfide
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza , Khandan-Barani Khatereh
Published: March 2013

A three-component and one-pot reaction between phenacyl bromide and primary amines in the presence of carbon disulfide to afford substituted 4-hydroxy-4-phenylthiazolidine-2-thiones in high yields.
Synthesis of a New Series of Biphenyl-substituted, Fused 1,2,4-triazoles by Oxidative Cyclisation and Dimroth Rearrangement
Authors: Shurrab Nabil Kh. , El-Louh Ali K. , Al-Meghari Iyad M. , Ferrwanah Abed El Rahman
Published: March 2013

A new series of 3-substituted-9-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-yl)-7-phenyl-7 H-pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo [4,3- c]pyrimidines and 2-substituted-9-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-yl)-7-phenyl-7 H-pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidines were synthesised, as a new class of potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors, by oxidative cyclisation of 4-[2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl]-3-(1,1-biphenyl-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidines with FeCl3 in ethanol and Dimroth rearrangement.
Pentaerythritol and KI: An Efficient Catalytic System for the Conversion from CO2 and Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Zhou Liang , Liu Yuanfeng , He Zhenhong , Luo Yanping , Zhou Feng , Yu Erlei , Hou Zhenshan , Eli Wumanjiang
Published: March 2013

An efficient reaction of epoxides with carbon dioxide to generate the corresponding cyclic carbonates employing pentaerythritol/KI, does not need solvent.
A Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of the Odorant, 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutan-2-one
Authors: Liang Sen , Sun Bao-guo , Tian Hong-yu , Wang Ya-ling , Sun Yu-mei
Published: March 2013

An efficient and highly enantioselective synthesis of 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutan-2-one was developed involving the asymmetric epoxidation of an enone and hydrogenolysis of an α,β-epoxyketone. 1-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one was epoxidised with t-butyl hydroperoxide using a chiral La-BINOL-Ph3P=O complex as the catalyst to give ( 3S,4R)- or ( 3R,4S)-3,4-epoxy-4-phenylbutan-2-one in ~90% yield and 97% ee. The resultant optically active epoxyketone was reduced in the presence of Pd/C (5 mol%) and H2 (3 bar) in THF at room temperature to produce ( S)- or ( R)-3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutan-2-one in ~80% yield with more than 90% enantiomeric excess.
A Simple and Efficient One-pot Synthesis of 4-alkyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Kolosov Maksim A. , Kulyk Olesia G. , Beloborodov Dmitriy A. , Orlov Valeriy D.
Published: March 2013

4-Alkyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones possess a number of important properties in comparison with their 4-aryl analogues. We show that these compounds can be synthesised by a simple one-pot reaction of urea or thiourea, different aliphatic aldehydes (from acetaldehyde to valeraldehyde) and various dicarbonyl compounds (ethyl acetoac-etate, pentane-2,4-dione, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxobutanamide, acetoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal) in refluxing DMF or HOAc without use of any catalyst. The methylation of 4-alkyl-5-C(O)R-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones leads to 1-methyl derivatives.
Synthesis of Novel Chromenes as Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Kandeel Manal M. , Kamal Aliaa M. , Abdelall Eman K.A. , Elshemy Heba A.H.
Published: March 2013

Novel substituted chromenes, chromenopyrimidines and chromenotriazolopyrimidines were synthesised to explore their anticancer activity. Several compounds were evaluated for their antitumour activity, most of them revealed promising cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in comparison to colchicine as positive control.
Novel Synthesis of Telithromycin
Authors: Cao Zhiling , Liu Bing , Liu Weiwei , Yao Guowei , Liu Wenjie , Wang Qianqian
Published: March 2013

A novel synthesis route for telithromycin was developed based on a 11,12-cylic carbonate protection strategy to prevent formation of 9,12-hemiacetal by-product. Through a 11,12-carbonate-6- O-methylerythromycin intermediate, telithromycin was synthesised from 6- O-methylerythromycin in five steps with 33% overall yield.
Between Work and Play: The Gendering of Formal Volunteering Practices in France
Authors: Windebank Jan
Published: March 2013

Research on women's time-use in France has hitherto focused principally on employment and domestic labour. If leisure time is discussed, it is as a residual element of the analysis and an indicator of how ‘overworked’ particular groups of women are. Moreover, little attention has been paid to how this leftover time is used by women and few studies have discussed how the French gender regime influences men's and women's participation in various possible free-time activities. The present article addresses this gap in current research by discussing one possible use of women's free time, namely formal volunteering. The ways in which the gender regime in France influences the differences in women's and men's formal volunteering practices will be analysed within the constraints of existing secondary data.
Storytelling and Play in a Pular Village
Authors: Garvey Brenda
Published: March 2013

In Pular society in southern Senegal, women work in communal groups within the family compound, sharing tasks such as food cultivation and preparation and the supervision of children. The working day is long and the labour can be tedious but, within these groups, the women find time to perform and entertain, telling stories and singing songs that reflect and critique the society in which they live. Storytelling practices outside the griot tradition have been underrepresented in critical literature partly because of the domestic spaces in which they occur but these informal, improvised performances allow storytellers to create and communicate images of themselves that are unseen elsewhere. Taking the Pular village of Temento Samba as a case study, this article examines how women use play to express individual and communal concerns and to suggest actions for potential change.
Au cœur d'une pratique de loisir très « féminine »: le jazz vocal amateur
Authors: Buscatto Marie
Published: March 2013

Les enquêtes statistiques relatives aux pratiques culturelles de loisir des Français-e-s font apparaître leur forte dimension genrée : écriture de journaux intimes, chant en chorales ou danse pour les femmes, instruments de musique, rock ou photographie pour les hommes. Comment expliquer que chacun-e s'oriente de manière principale vers l'une ou l'autre pratique de loisir ? Une réflexion sur les modes de construction d'une pratique de loisir comme « féminine » ou « masculine » – des socialisations de l'enfance aux dispositifs constitutifs de cette pratique en passant par les imaginaires associés à ces loisirs – sera ici engagée à la lumière d'une observation prolongée du jazz vocal amateur en France. Sera décrite et expliquée la différenciation genrée observée entre femmes chanteuses et hommes instrumentistes amateurs, et ce alors même qu'aucune règle sexuée ne détermine a priori la place, le rôle et les pratiques musicales des unes et des autres.
Compensating for Language Deficits in Amnesia I: H.M.’s Spared Retrieval Categories
Authors: MacKay Donald , Johnson Laura , Fazel Vedad , James Lori
Published: March 2013

Three studies examined amnesic H.M.’s use of words, phrases, and propositions on the Test of Language Competence (TLC). In Study 1, H.M. used 19 lexical categories (e.g., common nouns, verbs) and one syntactic category (noun phrases) with the same relative frequency as memory-normal controls, he used no lexical or syntactic category with less-than-normal frequency, and he used proper names (e.g., Melanie) and coordinative conjunctions (e.g., and) with reliably greater-than-normal frequency. In Study 2, H.M. overused proper names relative to controls when answering episodic memory questions about childhood experiences in speech and writing, replicating and extending Study 1 results for proper names. Based on detailed analyses of the use (and misuse) of coordinating conjunctions on the TLC, Study 3 developed a syntax-level “compensation hypothesis” for explaining why H.M. overused coordinating conjunctions relative to controls in Study 1. Present results suggested that (a) frontal mechanisms for retrieving word-, phrase-, and propositional-categories are intact in H.M., unlike in category-specific aphasia, (b) using his intact retrieval mechanisms, H.M. has developed a never-previously-observed proposition-level free association strategy to compensate for the hippocampal region damage that has impaired his mechanisms for encoding novel linguistic structures, and (c) H.M.’s overuse of proper names warrants further research.
Regulation of Apoptosis by Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAPs)
Authors: Berthelet Jean , Dubrez Laurence
Published: March 2013

Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAPs) are a family of proteins with various biological functions including regulation of innate immunity and inflammation, cell proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis. They are characterized by the presence of at least one N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain involved in protein-protein interaction. Most of them also contain a C-terminal RING domain conferring an E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. In drosophila, IAPs are essential to ensure cell survival, preventing the uncontrolled activation of the apoptotic protease caspases. In mammals, IAPs can also regulate apoptosis through controlling caspase activity and caspase-activating platform formation. Mammalian IAPs, mainly X-linked IAP (XIAP) and cellular IAPs (cIAPs) appeared to be important determinants of the response of cells to endogenous or exogenous cellular injuries, able to convert the survival signal into a cell death-inducing signal. This review highlights the role of IAP in regulating apoptosis in Drosophila and Mammals.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Silica Gel for 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Raof Siti , Mohamad Sharifah , Abas Mhd
Published: March 2013

A molecularly imprinted silica gel sorbent for selective removal of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HA) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique with a sol-gel process. The 2-HA molecularly imprinted silica gel (2-HA-MISG) sorbent was evaluated by various parameters, including the influence of pH, static, kinetic adsorption and selectivity experiments. The optimum adsorption capacity to the 2-HA appeared to be around pH 2 by the polymer. Morevoer, the imprinted sorbent displayed fast uptake kinetics, obtained within 20 min. The adsorption capacity of the 2-HA-MISG (76.2 mg g−1) was higher than that of the non-imprinted silica gel (NISG) (42.58 mg g−1). This indicates that the 2-HA-MISG offers a higher affinity for 2-HA than the NISG. The polymer displays good selectivity and exhibits good reusability. Experimental results show the potential of molecularly imprinted silica sorbent for selective removal of 2-HA.
Active Continuous-Flow Micromixer Using an External Braille Pin Actuator Array
Authors: Abbas Yawar , Miwa Junichi , Zengerle Roland , Von Stetten Felix
Published: March 2013

We present a continuous-flow active micromixer based on channel-wall deflection in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip for volume flows in the range up to 2 μL s−1 which is intended as a novel unit operation for the microfluidic Braille pin actuated platform. The chip design comprises a main microchannel connected to a series of side channels with dead ends aligned on the Braille pins. Computer-controlled deflection of the side-channel walls induces chaotic advection in the main-channel, which substantially accelerates mixing in low-Reynolds number flow. Sufficient mixing (mixing index MI below 0.1) of volume flows up to 0.5 μL s−1 could be achieved within residence times ~500 ms in the micromixer. As an application, continuous dilution of a yeast cell sample by a ratio down to 1:10 was successfully demonstrated. The mixer is intended to serve as a component of bio-analytical devices or as a unit operation in the microfluidic Braille pin actuated platform.