bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Přítomnost losí populace ve volné přírodě z pohledu dospívajících žáků
Authors: Andreska Jan , Hartlová Adéla
Published: November 2022

V posledních letech se stále častěji setkáváme s reintrodukčními snahami nebo samovolnými návraty živočišných druhů do míst, ze kterých byly postupně vytlačováni, až došlo k jejich úplnému vyhubení. Takovémuto reintrodukčnímu procesu a efektivní pomoci při samovolných návratech předchází řada politických a vědeckých příprav, jednou z nichž je výzkum veřejného myšlení. V případě této studie se jedná o výzkum postojů žáků různých typů škol k vybranému druhu, tedy losu evropskému (Alces alces), a hledání faktorů, které tyto postoje mohou ovlivňovat. K tomuto účelu jsme zvolili formu dotazníkového šetření s následným vyhodnocením v programu MS Excel, Statistica 12 a Jamovi. Na základě čehož zde ukazujeme, že postoje žáků se mění v závislosti na jejich znalostech o losu evropském a také se strachem z tohoto druhu.
Anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts from Scrophularia striata and Elaeagnus angustifolia, growing in Ilam and Kurdistan provinces in Iran
Authors: Naseri Zeynab , Piri Khosro , Naseri Marzieh , Nuri Sabere
Published: November 2022

Emerging evidence of the impact of plant compounds on growth inhibition of micropathogens and cancer cells has opened new areas to evaluate plants’ treatment properties. Here, we aimed to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer effects of the secondary metabolites isolated from different extracts produced by Elaeagnus angustifolia and Scrophularia striata. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against human and plant pathogenic bacteria by 3 methods of tubular dilution, well and disc diffusion. The anticancer effect of E. angustifolia extract was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Biochemical experiments showed the presence of compounds such as phenol, flavonoids, resins, quinones, steroids, terpenoids and alkaloids in extracts, with the highest antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts. For both plants’ strains, the disc method was more effective than the well diffusion method. The highest yields were obtained from Methanolic, ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts for E. angustifolia and aqueous extract for Scrophularia striata. The most sensitive bacteria for E. angustifolia were Bacillus subtilis and Xanthomonas campestris against pit extracts and Clavibacter michiganensis against pulp extracts. The most sensitive bacteria for S. striata were Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Methanolic and aqueous solvents showed the maximum bacterial inhibitory and bactericidal activities in the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests respectively. Additionally, E. angustifolia showed anticancer effects toward MCF7 breast cancer cells. These findings provided a better understanding of the widespread application of these plants as potential antioxidants, antibacterial and anticancer sources and safe natural medicines in health maintenance and disease treatment.
Fogyasztói társadalomból megfigyelési kapitalizmus
Authors: Nagy Bálint
Published: November 2022

A marketing eddigi történetében nagyon különböző formákat öltött és tartalmakat hordozott, amíg eljutottunk a társadalom elmarketingesedéséig. E kifejezés lényege, hogy az eredendően üzleti életre szabott koncepciót és megközelítést átveszik más, eredetileg nem piaci alapon működő területek és adaptálják saját viszonyaikra. A közösségi média, a big data és a mesterséges intelligencia triumvirátusával nemcsak a marketing, hanem az emberiség is történetének teljesen új korszakába lépett. Megszületett a megfigyelési marketing. Ezzel végső fázisába került a marketing transzformációja és radikális elszakadása az üzleti világtól. Üzleti tudományból visszavonhatatlanul társadalomtudománnyá változott felvetve a kérdést, van-e értelme még marketingnek hívni ezt a mára elképzelhetetlenül szövevényes és komplex jelenséget.
A fenntartható életmód felé – a közösségek szerepének értelmezése
Authors: Kiss Gabriella
Published: November 2022

Az ökológiai közgazdaságtan számos kutatása jutott arra a következtetésre, hogy a jelenlegi társadalmi-gazdasági rendszerek fenntarthatatlan utakba vannak bezárva. A fenntarthatatlanság egyik fő mozgatórugója a jólét által táplált fogyasztás. Makropolitikai szinten a politikusok programjainak és világnézeteinek többsége távolról sem követi az erős fenntarthatósági forgatókönyvet. Mikroszinten főleg a városlakók különféle nagyméretű, központosított infrastruktúrák rabjai, ezért az egyéni életstílusoktól megkívánt fenntarthatósági átalakulást különféle strukturális és pszichológiai korlátok is akadályozzák. Ebben az előadásban a mezoszintű perspektívából vizsgáljuk meg ezt a kérdést és azzal foglalkozunk, hogy a társadalomban működő mezoszintű szerveződések vagy más néven közösségek milyen szerepet játszanak az egyének fenntartható viselkedésében, és milyen válaszokat tudnak adni a társadalmi-gazdasági korlátokkal szemben. Ezek a közösségek a kutatási eredményeink szerint elősegíthetik a fenntarthatóbb életmódra való átmenet alternatív módját társadalmunkban, amely tágabb összefüggésben segítheti a paradigmaváltást. Az előadásban azzal a kérdéssel foglalkozunk, hogy pontosan hogyan szervezhetők ilyen közösségek például egyetemeken vagy szakkollégiumban és hogyan segíthetjük saját környezetünket, hogy a fenntarthatóbb életmód irányába mozduljunk el közösen.
Material Characterization Testing of Synthetic Granular Composites Used in Equine Sports Surfaces
Authors: Bridge John W. , Yeung Cham Hang , Liu Charles , Leonen Elijah , Weisshaupt Kristofer , Dempsey Kaleb M.
Published: November 2022

Current material analytical characterization methods for synthetic equine granular composites used in thoroughbred horse racetracks in equine sports arenas are discussed. These synthetic granular composites exist at several popular racing surfaces in the United States and around the globe as a replacement for traditional dirt surfaces. These synthetic materials are composed of sand, polymer fiber, and rubber particulate components bound together by a wax polymeric binder. Materials testing is performed to analyze material constituent properties and how they change over time because of use, environmental factors, and surface maintenance with the goal of increasing surface consistency and the subsequent safety of bulk equine sport surfaces. The binder and component tests discussed are Soxhlet extraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, refractive index, rheology, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. Correlations to recently published and proposed equine ASTM standards are addressed with example test results.
Thermal Behavior of a Novel Solar Hybrid Road for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Vizzari Domenico , Dumoulin Jean , Chailleux Emmanuel , Gennesseaux Eric , Lavaud Stéphane , Bouron Stéphane , Manceau Jean-Luc
Published: November 2022

Transportation is undergoing a radical transformation toward a novel way of thinking about road pavement: a sustainable, multifunctional infrastructure able to satisfy mobility needs, ensuring high safety standards, low carbon impact, automated detection through smart sensors, and resilience against natural and anthropogenic hazards. In this scenario, the road could also play a role for energy harvesting, thanks to the exploitation of solar radiation. The latter can be directly converted into electricity by solar cells placed under a semitransparent layer, or it can be harvested through a calorific flowing fluid. The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of “hybrid road,” which is able to exploit both approaches. The innovative pavement is a multilayered structure composed by a semitransparent top layer made of glass aggregates bonded together thanks to a semitransparent resin, an electrical layer containing the solar cells, a porous asphalt layer for the circulation of the calorific fluid, and finally, a base waterproof layer. The hybrid road can generate electricity, contrast the heat-island effect, exploit the harvested energy to run a heat pump for heating purposes, or facilitate road deicing during winter. The present paper details experimental data obtained through energetic tests performed with a laboratory-size prototype of the hybrid road. The results show that the prototype is able to harvest around 55.2 W through the heat-transfer fluid. Furthermore, the heat exchange between water and asphalt has a cooling effect on the entire prototype.
Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test to Differentiate Polymer Modified Bitumen at High Temperature
Authors: Porot Laurent , Zhu Jiqing , Wang Di , Cannone Falchetto Augusto
Published: November 2022

The constant demand for high-performing and more reliable roads has led to an increasing use of complex bituminous binders such as polymer-modified bituminous binders, which has become a widespread practice for asphalt pavement. As a result, specification and testing have evolved to better distinguish between quality materials. In recent years, more focus has been devoted to better evaluating the rutting resistance of bituminous binders. The multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test has gained popularity over the last decade, especially for polymer-modified binders, bringing more advantages in discriminating amongst quality binders such as polymer-modified bitumen. Within the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures technical committee 272, Phase and Interphase of Behavior of Innovative bituminous Materials, and its TG1 task group, several binders were thoroughly evaluated, including two non-modified and two polymer-modified bituminous binders, under various testing conditions to address the high-temperature behavior. Five laboratories performed MSCR on short-term aged binders after performing the rolling thin film oven test, in the same temperature conditions for all binders. Despite the limited data set, the variability between laboratories was reasonable. The MSCR results were compared with softening point temperature, high-temperature performance grade criteria, |G*| / sinδ, and equi-modulus temperature. MSCR was able to distinguish between complex binders better as compared with conventional parameters. It generates multiple useful parameters, amongst which percent recovery and non-recoverable creep compliance are the most relevant. This paper presents the analysis of MSCR results and comparison with other test methods.
Interpretation of Site-Specific Reliability Index for Piles Using Multiple Bidirectional Tests
Authors: Wu Xing Zheng , Chen Yu , Fang Ke Zhao
Published: November 2022

The Osterberg cell test is an effective tool to evaluate the bearing behavior for piled foundations. Because of the significant intrinsic variabilities in material properties of piles, soil-pile intermediate, and soils, the responses of multiple piles under loading are uncertain. These uncertainties should be considered to evaluate the bearing characteristics of piles, in this work, a methodology for estimating the geometric reliability index of piles using the Osterberg cell testing is proposed. A dataset of load−displacement curves including 26 Osterberg cell-tested drilled shafts at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum site is used to illustrate the proposed method. Regression analyses with a two-parametric power law curve-fitting model are firstly used to construct the best-fit model for each load-displacement curve along an upward or downward direction individually. As a result, the regression parameters for this site are combined into a random vector. Statistical analyses are then performed on these regression variables, and the bivariate normal and non-normal models are developed. These bivariate models are used to predict the reliability index of these drilled shafts via the geometric reliability method. Such an interpretation of reliability index by analyzing the scatter in load test data can be helpful to design on pile foundations.
LAURİK ASİT OLEOJELLERİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE KARAKTERİZE EDİLMESİ
Authors: KESKİN USLU Eda , YILMAZ Emin
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmada laurik asit (LA) oleojelatörü Span 60 ve Pluronic F68 (%10 poloksamer 188) emülgatörleriyle birlikte kullanılarak ayçiçek yağı oleojelleri geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen oleojellerin fizikokimyasal, termal, yapısal ve reolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sadece LA içeren (%20) oleojellerin jel oluşum zamanının %15 LA ve %5 emülgatör içeren oleojellerden daha kısa olduğu, LA konsantrasyonundaki artışın jel yapı oluşum zamanını kısalttığı gözlenmiştir. LA konsantrasyonu ve emülgatör çeşidine bağlı olarak oleojellerin renk değerlerinde farklılıklar görülürken tüm oleojel örneklerinin yağ bağlama kapasitelerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Polarize ışık mikroskobu görüntülerinde oleojellerin ince kristal yapılar oluşturduğu gözlenirken, X-ışını kırınım deseni β ve β՛ polimorf kristallerinin varlığını kanıtlamıştır. Reolojik analizlerle geliştirilen oleojellerinin yapısal geri dönüşüm yeteneğinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Emülgatör ilavesinin daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda LA ile oleojel oluşumuna olanak sunduğu, aynı zamanda daha dayanıklı jel yapı oluşturabildiği reolojik testlerle tespit edilmiştir.
ALUMINIUM AND FLUORINE IN DRINKING WATER AS RISK FACTORS FOR HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: ARAÇ Fatma Özsel , ALDEMİR Ozan
Published: November 2022

Drinking water potentially affects a variety of diseases, and their relationship to environmental risk factors is an emerging area that still needs to be clarified. Studies have reported that aluminum and fluoride, elements naturally found in water, have an adverse effect on human health with increasing concentration in drinking water, which is affected by environmental aspects. High aluminum levels in drinking water can cause dementia. Many studies have found an association between the amount of aluminum in drinking water and an increased risk of Alzheimer's. The absorption of aluminum and fluoride is thought to have a positive relationship and together have greater bioavailability. The health effects of aluminum and fluoride can vary depending on the source of the water, the duration of exposure, and the body's detox system. It is crucial to control the content of drinking water in order for humans' vital activities to be healthy. In this review, the general properties and interactions of aluminum and fluoride, which are important for human health, will be discussed. Considering the important toxic effects of these chemicals, the relationship between diseases and health problems will be evaluated.
Zooplankton assemblages along the North American Arctic: Ecological connectivity shaped by ocean circulation and bathymetry from the Chukchi Sea to Labrador Sea
Authors: Darnis Gérald , Geoffroy Maxime , Dezutter Thibaud , Aubry Cyril , Massicotte Philippe , Brown Tanya , Babin Marcel , Cote David , Fortier Louis
Published: November 2022

We defined mesozooplankton biogeography in the North American Arctic to elucidate drivers of biodiversity, community structure, and biomass of this key component of the Arctic marine ecosystem. A multivariate analysis identified four mesozooplankton assemblages: Arctic-oceanic, Arctic-shelf, Coastal-Hudson, and Labrador Sea. Bathymetry was a major driver of the distribution of these assemblages. In shallow waters, Cirripedia and the copepod Pseudocalanus spp. dominated the Coastal-Hudson and Arctic-shelf assemblages, which showed low species richness (19) and biomass (0.28 and 1.49 g C m−2, respectively). The Arctic-oceanic assemblage occupied the entire North American Arctic, except for shallow breaks in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago downstream of sills blocking the Atlantic Water layer circulation below a depth of 200 m. This assemblage showed high copepod biomass (4.74 g C m−2) with a high share of Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, and Metridia longa. In habitats below 200-m depth, C. hyperboreus represented 68% of the copepod biomass, underscoring its role as a keystone species in this ecosystem. Strong numerical representation by the boreal-Atlantic C. finmarchicus and Oithona atlantica stressed the strong Atlantic influence on the subarctic Labrador Sea assemblage on the northwestern Labrador Sea slope. The mixed Arctic-Atlantic composition of the Labrador Sea mesozooplankton resulted in high species richness (58) and biomass (5.73 g C m−2). The low abundance of Atlantic and Pacific taxa in the areas influenced by Arctic currents did not alter the Arctic status of the Arctic-oceanic, Arctic-shelf, and Coastal-Hudson assemblages. This study identifies hotspots of mesozooplankton biomass and diversity in Central Amundsen Gulf, Lancaster Sound, North Water Polynya and Baffin Bay, known for their high biological productivity and concentrations of vertebrate predators. The continental-scale zooplankton mapping furthers our understanding of the importance of bathymetry and ocean circulation for ecological connectivity in a vast and complex portion of the Arctic marine ecosystem.
Concurrent targeting of glycolysis in bacteria and host cell inflammation in septic arthritis
Authors: Kwon Hyuk‐Kwon , Yu Kristin E , Cahill Sean V , Alder Kareme D , Dussik Christopher M , Kim Sang‐Hun , Sharma Lokesh , Back Jungho , Oh Irvin , Lee Francis Y
Published: November 2022

Intracellular infiltration of bacteria into host cells complicates medical and surgical treatment of bacterial joint infections. Unlike soft tissue infections, septic arthritis and infection‐associated inflammation destroy cartilage that does not regenerate once damaged. Herein, we show that glycolytic pathways are shared by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) proliferation and host inflammatory machinery in septic arthritis. MRSA readily penetrates host cells and induces proinflammatory cascades that persist after conventional antibiotic treatment. The glycolysis‐targeting drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) showed both bacteriostatic and anti‐inflammatory effects by hindering the proliferation of intracellular MRSA and dampening excessive intraarticular inflammation. Combinatorial treatment with DMF and vancomycin further reduced the proliferation and re‐emergence of intracellular MRSA. Combinatorial adjuvant administration of DMF with antibiotics alleviated clinical symptoms of septic arthritis by suppressing bacterial burden and curbing inflammation to protect cartilage and bone. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of glycolysis in the context of infection and host inflammation toward development of a novel therapeutic paradigm to ameliorate joint bioburden and destruction in septic arthritis.
Evaluación de la consanguinidad y variabilidad genética del Caballo Peruano de Paso registrado en Ecuador
Authors: Larrea Izurieta Carlos Octavio , Gómez Carpio Mayra , Landi Vinzenzo , Hurtado Ernesto Antonio , Macías Andrade Jorge Ignacio , Vera Loor Leila Estefanía , Lozada Rivadeneira Edwin , Cartuche Macas Luis Favian
Published: November 2022

El Caballo Peruano de Paso (CPP) es una raza con ambladura de cuatro tiempos originaria de Perú a partir de los caballos que llegaron en la época de la conquista de América. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el nivel de consanguinidad y el efecto sobre la variabilidad genética en la raza. Se analizaron 8330 animales que incluyó la población de CPP nacidos en Ecuador y su ascendencia peruana (PT) y dos poblaciones de referencia de animales nacidos en Ecuador (PE) y nacidos entre 2008 y 2018 (PR). Las generaciones trazadas promedio fueron de 9.18 ± 3.89 (PT), 11.14 ± 2.23 (PE) y 12.83 ± 1.42 (PR) y la completitud del pedigrí sobre el 90% en la primera, cuarta y quinta generación de PT, PE y PR, respectivamente. Intervalo generacional promedio de 8.72 ± 4.56 (PT), 8.79 ± 4.30 (PE) y 9.20 ± 4.61 (PR). Promedio de consanguinidad individual: 5.97% (PT), 6.83% (PE) y 8.11% (PR) y relación de parentesco: 9.02% (PT), 10.56% (PE) y 11.56% (PR). Incremento individual de consanguinidad por año fue de 0.13% y por generación de 1.13%. El tamaño efectivo de la población fue menor a 50. Las probabilidades de origen de los genes resultaron mayores a uno. Se concluye la ocurrencia de pérdida de variabilidad genética por efecto de cuello de botella y deriva genética.
Contribución de bacterias endófitas nativas en la acumulación de nutrientes en poaceas altoandinas
Authors: Santillana Villanueva Nery , Tineo Bermudez Alex , Mamani Mamani Godofredo , Aylas Chavez Michael , Gonzales Guzman Wilfredo , Espinoza-Montes Francisco
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la contribución de las bacterias endófitas nativas en la acumulación de nutrientes en tres poaceas altoandinas a 4116 msnm. Se determinó el contenido de macro y micronutrientes en la biomasa aérea de Calamagrostis vicunarum, Festuca dolichophylla y Muhlenbergia ligularis inoculadas con 19 bacterias endófitas, las que se compararon con tres controles (abonamiento básico, fertilización química y sin ninguna aplicación). Los resultados en Calamagrostis vicunarum evidenciaron que cuatro aislados de Bacillus mycoides (13, 19, 12 y 16) contribuyeron entre 15.2 y 35.6% en la acumulación de S, Ca, Na, Mg, P, K y N (macronutrientes) y de Fe, B, Zn, Mn, Cu y Mo (micronutrientes). En Festuca dolichophylla, dos aislados de B. mycoides (16 y 14) y las bacterias Paenibacillus tundrae (10) y Staphylococcus warneri (7) contribuyeron entre 8.6 y 25.9% en la acumulación de S, Ca, Mg, P y K (macronutrientes) y B, Zn, Mn y Cu (micronutrientes). En Muhlenbergia ligularis, Bacillus simplex (2), B. mycoides (19 y 15), P. xylanexedens (17) y P. amylolyticus (9) contribuyeron entre 10.7 y 73.6% en la acumulación de Na, N, K, Mg, S, P y Ca (macronutrientes) y de Cu, Mo, B, Fe, Zn y Mn (micronutrientes). Estos resultados evidencian el potencial de las bacterias endófitas estudiadas para mejorar el contenido de nutrientes en las poaceas altoandinas, aunque muestran cierta especificidad de la especie en el efecto.
Valoración morfométrica de una población de cerdos criollos araucanos (Colombia)
Authors: Salamanca-Carreño Arcesio , Parés-Casanova Pere Miquel , Vélez Terranova Oscar Mauricio , Castro Rosa Gustavo , Jáuregui Raúl
Published: November 2022

La morfometría es una herramienta para cuantificar y analizar la variación morfológica en el tamaño y forma de los animales. El objetivo del estudio fue contribuir a la caracterización morfométrica del cerdo criollo araucano para conocer algunas de sus características funcionales y etnológicas. Se estudiaron 58 cerdos (27 hembras y 31 machos), con edades entre 4 a 48 meses, localizados en tres veredas de Arauca, oriente de Colombia. Se obtuvieron 11 medidas corporales individuales y se construyeron tres índices. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y un análisis univariado para medir el efecto ambiental sobre las medidas corporales e índices, usando la edad como covariable. Los cerdos presentaron una variabilidad media en las medidas corporales asociada con una mediana armonía. Los cerdos se consideran dolicocéfalos, mesolíneos y no aptitud cárnica. Las hembras tendían a ser más grandes que los machos. La vereda fue el único efecto que influyó sobre la combinación lineal de las variables morfológicas e índices. Dada la variabilidad de las medidas según las veredas se podría inferir que en los cerdos araucanos estudiados se presentan biotipos distintos.
Distribution and polymorphism of enzymes involved in antioxidant protection and xenobiotics biotransformation in the mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors:   Odesa National Mechnуkov University, Ukraine, Toptikov V. А.
Published: November 2022

The aim of the work was to determine the tissue distribution, activity and polymorphism of 13 enzymes involved in antioxidative protection and xenobiotics biotransformation in a five bivalve mussel organs (hepatopancreas, ctenidia, mantle, leg, adductor muscles). Iso-allozyme analysis was performed by electrophoresis, correlation relationships between the studied enzymes in the whole mussel body were carried out using Spearman’s correlation analysis. It was found that all studied enzymes are polymorphic, each organ differed in the level of enzyme activity and a set of multiple forms. The coordinated functioning of protective enzymes in various mussel organs was demonstrated. Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, coordination of protective enzymes, enzymes of biotransformation, iso-allozyme analysis, Mytilus galloprovincialis
Black tea and coffee impact on steroid hormones status in young men
Authors:   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Amirova M. F. , Dadashova A. R. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;, Huseynova E. E. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;, Kerimova I. A. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;, Hasanova Sh. I. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;, Guliyeva F. E. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;, Guliyeva S. R. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;, Rahimova R. R. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;, Vahabova G. R. ,   Biochemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan;
Published: November 2022

Tea and coffee alkaloids affect the hormonal status of the body. There are reports about the effect of caffeine on the body under stress, but nearly absent reports on the effect of tea and coffee alkaloids at rest. The aim of this work was to determine whether there is a significant difference in testosterone and cortisol concentrations in the blood of young men before and after drinking indicated beverages. The work was carried out on 21 healthy young males that were tested for blood cortisol levels before and after drinking tea or coffee on an empty stomach. The young men were divided into two groups: the first group comprised those whose cortisol levels increased after taking a single dose of tea, the second group – whose cortisol decreased. The third group comprised persons who took a single dose of strong-grain coffee. In addition, adrenaline and testosterone levels were determined as a hormonal panel. Our pioneer investigation found that coffee causes a significant decrease in cortisol levels at rest, but tea consumption by coffee drinkers leads to a more pronounced decrease in the cortisol levels than coffee. Keywords: black tea, coffee, cortisol, young man
Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Ruminants of the World — meta-analysis
Authors: Kruchynenko O. V. , Mykhailiutenko S. M. , Petrenko M. O.
Published: November 2022

Among the gastrointestinal parasitoses, fascioliasis is one of the most common diseases in ruminants. Fasciola spp. is recorded on five continents of the globe, in more than 50 countries. The parasitizing trematode causes economic losses associated with a decrease in milk yield, body weight, and culling of affected carcasses and organs. In this study, we aimed to quantify the prevalence of fascioliasis among ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) of the world in terms of the odds ratio according to the Mantel–Haenszel test (M–H). Online databases in English, Russian and Ukrainian languages were searched for publications from January 2002 to September 2020. This meta-analysis included 42 studies with ruminant hosts. Data on the spread of fascioliasis were collected from different continents of the globe: North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The results of the study found that the overall prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle was 6.41 %, while in small ruminants it was only 2.03 %. The disease in cattle was recorded 1.48 times more often than in sheep and goats. Egger’s regression test revealed no significant publication bias (P = 0.265). The results of the meta-analysis confirm that the causative agent of fascioliasis circulates mainly in the emerging countries. The updated data on fascioliasis will expand the screening strategy to maintain the health of farm ruminants and reduce economic losses.
Distribution of Ixodes ricinus (Arachnida, Ixodidae) in Ukraine in the Context of Tick Hazard, and Factors Favoring its Persistence in Conditions of Fast-Going Environmental Change
Authors: Akimov I. A. , Nebogatkin I. V.
Published: November 2022

Habitat conditions and factors were studied contributing to the spread of I. ricinus over vast territories. There are excellent conditions for the existence of hard ticks in the settlement agglomerations throughout Ukraine: suitable biotopes with expedient litter and a large number of hosts for all stages of development of ticks. The castor bean tick lives in all of Ukraine, adapting its size of idiosome and diapause to changing environmental conditions, and using the ability to parasitize on animals well adapted to urban conditions. I. ricinus prefers urban landscapes in areas with unfavorable environmental conditions. The hiatus in the range of the castor bean tick between the southern mainland of Ukraine and the steppe regions of Crimea may be restored due to global climatic changes.
Trends in Prevalence of Bacterial Infections in Febrile Infants During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Kerns Ellen , Jennings Brittany , Magee Sloane , Wang Marie E. , McDaniel Corrie E. ,   AAP REVISE II QI COLLABORATIVE
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES

Our objective was to describe the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) in febrile infants during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

METHODS

We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study that included 97 hospitals in the United States and Canada. We included full-term, well-appearing infants 8 to 60 days old with a temperature of ≥38°C and an emergency department visit or hospitalization at a participating site between November 1, 2020 and March 31, 2022. We used logistic regression to determine trends in the odds of an infant having UTI and IBI by study month and to determine the association of COVID-19 prevalence with the odds of an infant having UTI and IBI.

RESULTS

We included 9112 infants; 603 (6.6%) had UTI, 163 (1.8%) had bacteremia without meningitis, and 43 (0.5%) had bacterial meningitis. UTI prevalence decreased from 11.2% in November 2020 to 3.0% in January 2022. IBI prevalence was highest in February 2021 (6.1%) and decreased to 0.4% in January 2022. There was a significant downward monthly trend for odds of UTI (odds ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–0.94) and IBI (OR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87–0.93). For every 5% increase in COVID-19 prevalence in the month of presentation, the odds of an infant having UTI (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.98) or bacteremia without meningitis decreased (OR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of UTI and IBI in eligible febrile infants decreased to previously published, prepandemic levels by early 2022. Higher monthly COVID-19 prevalence was associated with lower odds of UTI and bacteremia.
British Cardiovascular Intervention Society Consensus Position Statement on Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest 2: Post-discharge Rehabilitation
Authors: Mion Marco , Simpson Rupert , Johnson Tom , Oriolo Valentino , Gudde Ellie , Rees Paul , Quinn Tom , Von Vopelius-Feldt Johannes , Gallagher Sean , Mozid Abdul , Curzen Nick , Davies John , Swindell Paul , Pareek Nilesh , Keeble Thomas R
Published: November 2022

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health issue that poses significant challenges both in immediate management and long-term follow-up. Survivors of OHCA often experience a combination of complex medical, physical and psychological needs that have a significant impact on quality of life. Guidelines suggest a multi-dimensional follow-up to address both physical and non-physical domains for survivors. However, it is likely that there is substantial unwarranted variation in provision of services throughout the UK. Currently, there is no nationally agreed model for the follow-up of OHCA survivors and there is an urgent need for a set of standards and guidelines in order to ensure equal access for all. Accordingly, the British Cardiovascular Interventional Society established a multi-disciplinary working group to develop a position statement that summarises the most up-to-date evidence and provides guidance on essential and desirable services for a dedicated follow-up pathway for survivors of OHCA.
British Cardiovascular Interventional Society Consensus Position Statement on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest 1: Pathway of Care
Authors: Pareek Nilesh , Rees Paul , Quinn Tom , Von Vopelius-Feldt Johannes , Gallagher Sean , Mozid Abdul , Johnson Tom , Gudde Ellie , Simpson Rupert , Glover Guy , Davies John , Curzen Nick , Keeble Thomas R
Published: November 2022

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) affects 80,000 patients per year in the UK; despite improvements in care, survival to discharge remains lower than 10%. NHS England and several societies recommend all resuscitated OHCA patients be directly transferred to a cardiac arrest centre (CAC). However, evidence is limited that all patients benefit from transfer to a CAC, and there are significant organisational, logistic and financial implications associated with such change in policies. Furthermore, there is significant variability in interventional cardiovascular practices for OHCA. Accordingly, the British Cardiovascular Interventional Society established a multidisciplinary group to address variability in practice and provide recommendations for the development of cardiac networks. In this position statement, we recommend: the formal establishment of dedicated CACs; a pathway of conveyance to CACs; and interventional practice to standardise our approach. Further research is needed to understand the role of CACs and which interventions benefit patients with OHCA to support wide-scale changes in networks of care across the UK.
Competencia sin alternancia en las gobernaciones colombianas: los dominios electorales en la democracia subnacional colombiana. Un análisis más allá de los partidos políticos
Authors: Fonseca Juan Camilo , Pino Uribe Juan Federico
Published: November 2022

Este artículo propone e identifica un nuevo tipo de régimen híbrido en el ámbito subnacional: los dominios electorales. Estos corresponden a departamentos en los cuales una estructura política ha logrado mantener el control de las gobernaciones durante varias elecciones, y así ha minimizado el acceso al poder por parte de las fuerzas de oposición, pues, a pesar de que estas pueden tener una posición política hegemónica, no desarrollan un autoritarismo subnacional a escala departamental. El artículo tiene tres objetivos: desarrollar el concepto de dominio electoral, identificar los dominios electorales en Colombia y explicar de forma exploratoria las causas de la continuidad de dichos dominios, o su fin y sus implicaciones para la democracia subnacional. Desde una aproximación mixta, utilizando trabajo de archivo, modelos inferenciales y estudios de caso, se identificó que este tipo de régimen híbrido se ha presentado de forma diferenciada en la mayoría de los departamentos, y que el apoyo de recursos privados subnacionales de sus estructuras políticas y la influencia nacional vía congresistas son las prin­ cipales causas que permiten su continuidad o pueden explicar su fin.
El estatuto de la oposición y la política subnacional en Colombia
Authors: Basset Yann , Franco Acosta Lina María , Patiño Cristancho Juan Diego
Published: November 2022

Colombia adoptó en 2018 el Estatuto de la Oposición, que se implementó, por primera vez en el ámbito local, durante las elecciones de 2019; sin embargo, solo una minoría de municipios vieron algún partido acogiéndose a la figura para declarar la oposición al gobierno municipal. Exploramos los datos de los 1.092 municipios del país para establecer las razones de la presencia de partidos declarados como de oposición. Se examinan sucesivamente tres hipótesis para explicarla en función de tres variables: la primera busca establecer una relación entre la presencia de partidos declarados y estas tres variables en la elección a la alcaldía. La segunda examina si existe una relación con características propias del municipio; en particular, el número de electores. Después de descartar estas dos hipótesis, se concluye que la declaración de oposición depende, sobre todo, de cuáles son los partidos enfrentados en el plano local, y de la forma como se reproducen las posiciones establecidas a escala nacional.
Cómo la polarización política amenaza la democracia… y cómo afrontarlo
Authors: Pérez Zafrilla Pedro Jesús
Published: November 2022

La polarización política representa un fenómeno en auge. En este artículo analizo cómo la relación entre polarización política, compromiso político y nivel educativo constituye hoy una amenaza para el futuro de la democracia. En una primera parte explico qué es la polarización política. Seguidamente analizo la relación entre polarización política, compromiso político y nivel educativo, tomando como base los datos existentes al respecto sobre Estados Unidos. Posteriormente presentaré unas claves interpretativas desde la filosofía y la psicología evolucionista para comprender esa relación entre polarización, participación política y nivel de estudios, y en qué medida esa relación pone en riesgo la democracia. Como conclusión aportaré unas propuestas para reducir la polarización política, y fortalecer así la democracia.
Analysing adjustment factors for using lanes at traffic-light-controlled intersections in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Peña Lindarte Ricardo José
Published: November 2022

This article was focused on analysing the lane use adjustment factor (fLU) forming one of the eleven adjustment factors proposed in the current calculation methodology contained in the 2000 version of the Transportation Research Boards (TRB) Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) for analysing traffic-light-controlled intersection capacity in terms of saturation intensity. A methodology was established when analysing the fLU factor that considered operational conditions regarding traffic-light-controlled intersections in Bogota. Road traffic flows were analysed, including characterising road traffic based on statistical sampling, field data collection and analysis. The project proposed equations allowing reference values to be gathered for determining adjustment factors regarding lane use on roads in Bogota in relation to existing access typologies and road traffic volume for analysing traffic-light-controlled intersections. For example, in the specific case of roads having direct double-lane access (2CCD), the basic equation was determined to be y=-3,03E-08X2+3,44E-05X+0,888988, having a 1.0 coefficient of correlation. The dependent variable y referred to the fLU factor and the independent variable X was the volume of road traffic in mixed vehicles/hour. This equation was considered to be statistically relevant. A comparative analysis of the lane use adjustment factors estimated in the project is also presented and compared to the values recommended by the US Highway Capacity Manual. The projects conclusions and recommendations were thus sustained, validating the recommended factors summarised by the HCM and recommending that the results obtained from the project should be used in traffic-light-controlled design and planning projects.
The fluid dynamics of a downer fluidised bed using a cluster-based approach (CBA)
Authors: González Silva Germán , Luz  Lisboa Antônio Carlos , Ciro Velasquéz Héctor José
Published: November 2022

The fluid dynamics of a downer reactor were numerically resolved by adapting a mathematical conservation model. The mathematical model was based on the solid and fluid properties and physical characteristics using a cluster-based approach (CBA). Comparing the numerical results to the experimental data found in the literature indicated that the mathematical model could satisfactorily predict the experimental data. The mathematical simulation determined that there were three fluid dynamic areas in the downer reactor which were characterised by accelerated, slowed -down and fully-developed flow. The fully developed flow area in the downer decreased with increased gas surface speed keeping solid flux constant.
Treating leachate by Fenton oxidation
Authors: Méndez Novelo Roger Iván , García Reyes Refugio Bernardo , Castillo Borges Elba René , Sauri Riancho María Rosa
Published: November 2022

Leachates are formed from liquids, mainly rainwater, percolating through solid wastes during stabilisation. Their composition is variable and highly toxic; leachate treatment is therefore a complex task. Leachates represent a high risk to health due to the Yucatan Peninsulas highly permeable soil. The results are presented from applying the Fenton process to treating leachate from the sanitary Merida landfill, Yucatan, Mexico. The Fenton process consists of treating the contaminant load with an H2O2 and FeSO4 combination in acidic conditions. Optimal reaction time, pH value, Fenton reagent dose, post treatment coagulation - flocculation doses and increased biodegradability index were all determined. Optimal oxidation conditions and doses were 20 minute contact time, 4 pH, 600 mg/L H2O2 concentration and 1,000 mg/L Fe2+. Average organic matter removal rate, measured as CODS and TOC, were 78% and 87% respectively. The biodegradability index increased from 0.07 to 0.11 during the Fenton process and up to 0.13 when the Fenton process was followed by coagulation-flocculation.
Evaluating a tobacco-curing oven using a forced-convection heat exchanger USCO - MADR
Authors: Cerquera Peña Néstor Enrique , Ruiz Osorio Yaneth Liliana , Pastrana Bonilla Eduardo
Published: November 2022

A traditional oven for curing tobacco leaves was redesigned (based on existing infrastructure); a forced-convection heat exchanger system was implemented in it which worked with coffee hulls as fuel. This oven (called a forced-convection tobacco leaf curing oven) was evaluated during the harvesting season. It was found that temperature and relative humidity inside the furnace could be controlled with this assembly during the three stages involved in curing tobacco leaves. The equipment used performed excellently when using coffee hulls as fuel, having the following approximate consumption during curing: 8.92 kilograms per hour during the yellowing stage, 17.75 kilograms per hour during the leaf drying and color fixation phase and 19.29 kilograms per hour during the stem drying stage. Comparative analysis of the ovens operating costs along with the proposed adjustments to be made to it would allow its implementation as a promising alternative in the existing tobacco chain.
Comparative performance and emission tests of a heavy duty off-highway diesel engine working in two different conditions: route test and bench test
Authors: Mantilla González Juan Miguel , Roncancio G. Jorge A. , Acevedo G Helmer R.
Published: November 2022

Several tests were carried out on a 1,640 kW (2,200 hp) diesel engine operating in two different sets of conditions:  a bench test and route test (when the engine was located on a mining truck). The engine was mounted on a dynamometer for the first set of conditions. The parameters measured were break torque, cylinder and air inlet temperatures, exhaust gas temperature and both fuel consumption and airflow. Gas emissions were also recorded. The engine operated during the first phase of the study according to a test protocol allowing real work conditions to be simulated during a typical cycle present on the operation route. Afterwards, the mining truck was instrumented for the second set of working conditions and the corresponding monitoring work was done while the truck was working on the route assigned by the trucks operator. A comparative analysis was then made of the results obtained in the two sets of working conditions. This analysis led to observing that the results obtained in the two tests had a very similar pattern and thus led to validating the results obtained in the bench test.
Technological kinship circles
Authors: Mejía  Moncayo Camilo , Lara Sepúlveda David Fernando , Córdoba Nieto Ernesto
Published: November 2022

This document describes a graphic group technology-based methodology for defining a new layout for an industrial production plant. This methodology (technological kinship circles) sought to optimise an industrial plants physical resources and minimise its production lead time through a new layout (i.e. an improvement and standardisation system) (Lara, 2007). The technological kinship circles methodology arose from the need for integrating manufacturing cells with defining their layout; this was achieved by implementing the rank order clustering (ROC) method (Singh,1996) for forming such cells and the single-linkage cluster analysis (SLCA) method (Singh,1996) using the reciprocal of the coefficient of similarity for constructing the kinship circles defining the relative position of machines within the cells. Implementing this methodology and using group technology led to obtaining a new layout representing a 51% reduction in the average distances travelled by pieces during their processing and a 67% reduction in average lead times for the production plants processes.
Using spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst as pozzolanic addition - a review
Authors: Torres Castellanos Nancy , Torres Agredo Janneth
Published: November 2022

Spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is an oil industry by-product from fluidised-bed catalytic cracking units. This residue is mainly formed by an active component (faujasite type zeolite Y) in an amorphous aluminosilicate matrix. It mainly consists of up to 90% silica and alumina. This paper reports an extensive literature review regarding the characterisation and mechanical and durability properties of mortar and concrete added to this material. FCC has been studied lately due to its pozzolanic characteristics and the good performance of concrete mixtures using FCC as cement replacement.
Developing and integrating a computer-based AM/FM radio station
Authors: Inzunza González Everardo , Olguín Tiznado Jesús Everardo , Soares López Juracy , Cardoza Avendaño Liliana , Camargo Wilson Claudia , Hernández Ontiveros Juan Miguel
Published: November 2022

This article presents the development of a personal computer-based AM/FM radio station operating on the AM/FM commercial band. Developing the graphical user interface for the software and the interconnection with an RF function generator by means of a GPIB is presented. Computer users can enter the desired transmission frequency within the commercial band as well as the transmission potency.
The consequences of heavy-tailed service time distribution on a basic queuing model and its performance indicators
Authors: Rangel Martínez Lina M. , Alvarado Valencia Jorge A.
Published: November 2022

Recent research showing theoretical generative models for heavy-tailed service time queues and its empirical validation implies the need for a better knowledge of the key performance indicators' behaviour under such assumption. The behaviour of the average length of the queue (Lp) and the average waiting-time (Wp)were analysed through simulation, varying system capacity, average service utilisation factor (r) and the number of servers in the systems as parameters. Comparisons were also made with service times based on Poisson processes. The results showed more sensitive variations Lq and Wq heavy-tailed service times than for Poisson-based service times. Systems having a capacity of over 1,000 entities might be considered as being systems having infinity capacity and the number of servers has a greater importance in heavy-tailed ruled processes than in Poisson processes. There was a lack adequacy Lq and Wq as key performance indicators for heavy-tailed service times, leading to unexpected and unstable results.