bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UHPLC-MS profiles and antidiarrheal activity of Quercus coccinea münchh. and Quercus robur L. employing in vivo technique
Authors: Mady Mohamed S. , Ibrahim Reham R. , El-Sayed Elsayed K. , El-Shazly Mohamed , Chen Lo-Yun , Lai Kuei-Hung , El Shaarawy Fatheya S. , Moharram Fatma A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:Quercus L. genus (Oak) belongs to the family Fagaceae and their galls are used commercially in leather tanning, dyeing, and ink preparation. Several Quercus species were traditionally used to manage wound healing, acute diarrhea, hemorrhoid, and inflammatory diseases. The present study aims to investigate the phenolic content of the 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Q. coccinea and Q. robur leaves as well as to assess their anti-diarrheal activity.

Methods: Polyphenolic content of Q. coccinea and Q. robur AME were investigated using UHPLC/MS. The antidiarrheal potential of the obtained extracts was evaluated by conducting a castor oil-induced diarrhea in-vivo model.

Result and Discussion: Twenty-five and twenty-six polyphenolic compounds were tentatively identified in Q. coccinea and Q. robur AME, respectively. The identified compounds are related to quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and apigenin glycosides and their aglycones. In addition, hydrolyzable tannins, phenolic acid, phenyl propanoides derivatives, and cucurbitacin F were also identified in both species AME of Q. coccinea (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) exhibited a significant prolongation in the onset of diarrhea by 17.7 %, 42.6%, and 79.7% respectively while AME of Q. robur at the same doses significantly prolonged the onset of diarrhea by 38.6%, 77.3%, and 2.4 folds respectively as compared to the control. Moreover, the percentage of diarrheal inhibition of Q. coccinea was 23.8%, 28.57%, and 42,86% respectively, and for Q. robur 33.34%, 47.3%, and 57.14% respectively as compared to the control group. Both extracts significantly decreased the volume of intestinal fluid by 27%, 39.78%, and 50.1% for Q. coccinea respectively; and by 38.71%, 51.19%, and 60% for Q. robur respectively as compared to the control group. In addition, AME of Q. coccinea exhibited a peristaltic index of 53.48, 47.18, and 42.28 with significant inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by 18.98%, 28.53%, and 35.95 % respectively; while AME of Q. robur exhibited a peristaltic index of 47.71, 37, and 26.41 with significant inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by 27.72%, 43.89%, and 59.99% respectively as compared with the control group. Notably, Q. robur showed a better antidiarrheal effect in comparison with Q. coccinea and, the highest effect was observed for Q. robur at 1000 mg/kg as it was nonsignificant from the loperamide standard group in all measured parameters.
A review of the indigenous coffee resources of Uganda and their potential for coffee sector sustainability and development
Authors: Davis Aaron P. , Kiwuka Catherine , Faruk Aisyah , Mulumba John , Kalema James
Published: February 2023

Uganda is a major global coffee exporter and home to key indigenous (wild) coffee resources. A comprehensive survey of Uganda’s wild coffee species was undertaken more than 80 years ago (in 1938) and thus a contemporary evaluation is required, which is provided here. We enumerate four indigenous coffee species for Uganda: Coffea canephora, C. eugenioides, C. liberica (var. dewevrei) and C. neoleroyi. Based on ground point data from various sources, survey of natural forests, and literature reviews we summarise taxonomy, geographical distribution, ecology, conservation, and basic climate characteristics, for each species. Using literature review and farm survey we also provide information on the prior and exiting uses of Uganda’s wild coffee resources for coffee production. Three of the indigenous species (excluding C. neoleroyi) represent useful genetic resources for coffee crop development (e.g. via breeding, or selection), including: adaptation to a changing climate, pest and disease resistance, improved agronomic performance, and market differentiation. Indigenous C. canephora has already been pivotal in the establishment and sustainability of the robusta coffee sector in Uganda and worldwide, and has further potential for the development of this crop species. Coffea liberica var. dewevrei (excelsa coffee) is emerging as a commercially viable coffee crop plant in its own right, and may offer substantial potential for lowland coffee farmers, i.e. in robusta coffee growing areas. It may also provide useful stock material for the grafting of robusta and Arabica coffee, and possibly other species. Preliminary conservation assessments indicate that C. liberica var. dewevrei and C. neoleroyi are at risk of extinction at the country-level (Uganda). Adequate protection of Uganda’s humid forests, and thus its coffee natural capital, is identified as a conservation priority for Uganda and the coffee sector in general.
Amelioration of cold-induced sweetening in potato by RNAi mediated silencing of StUGPase encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
Authors: Jaiswal Sandeep , Paul Krishnayan , Raman K. Venkat , Tyagi Saurabh , Saakre Manjesh , Tilgam Jyotsana , Bhattacharjee Sougata , Vijayan Joshitha , Mondal Kalyan Kumar , Sreevathsa Rohini , Pattanayak Debasis
Published: February 2023

Cold-induced sweetening (CIS) is an unwanted physiological phenomenon in which reducing sugars (RS) get accumulated in potato (Solanum tuberosum) upon cold storage. High RS content makes potato commercially unsuitable for processing due to the unacceptable brown color in processed products like chips, fries, etc., and the production of a potential carcinogen, acrylamide. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) catalyzes the synthesis of UDP-glucose towards the synthesis of sucrose and is also involved in the regulation of CIS in potato. The objective of the present work was RNAi-mediated downregulation of the StUGPase expression level in potato for the development of CIS tolerant potato. Hairpin RNA (hpRNA) gene construct was developed by placing UGPase cDNA fragment in sense and antisense orientation intervened by GBSS intron. Internodal stem explants (cv. Kufri Chipsona-4) were transformed with hpRNA gene construct, and 22 transgenic lines were obtained by PCR screening of putative transformants. Four transgenic lines showed the highest level of RS content reduction following 30 days of cold storage, with reductions in sucrose and RS (glucose & fructose) levels of up to 46% and 57.5%, respectively. Cold stored transgenic potato of these four lines produced acceptable chip colour upon processing. The selected transgenic lines carried two to five copies of the transgene. Northern hybridization revealed an accumulation of siRNA with a concomitant decrease in the StUGPase transcript level in these selected transgenic lines. The present work demonstrates the efficacy of StUGPase silencing in controlling CIS in potato, and the strategy can be employed for the development of CIS tolerant potato varieties.
Open Dialogue as a cultural practice - critical perspectives on power obstacles when teaching and enabling this approach in current psychiatry
Authors: von Peter Sebastian , Eissing Katrin , Saliger Katharina
Published: February 2023

Building on both therapeutic and organizational principles, adopting Open Dialogue (OD) calls various routines of the current mental health system into question, resulting in potential obstacles with implementation. This perspective paper aims to reflect on power relations as potential disruptive factors in enabling the OD approach in mental health care. Drawing on data from a small implementation study, followed by reflections from three perspectives, we conclude with a discussion exploring the potential of understanding OD as a fundamental human practice to reduce these power-related obstacles.
Validation of the Chinese version of the resilience scale for the oldest-old
Authors: Wang Ning , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Minyi , Wang Yuanyuan , Xue Zhihan , Hao Xixi , Liu Yan
Published: February 2023

Background

Resilience is one of the most important variables associated with adaptive ability. The resilience scale for the oldest-old age (RSO) has been designed to measure the resilience among the oldest-old people. Originally developed in Japan, this scale has not been used in China. The objective of this study was to translate the RSO into Chinese and investigate its validity and reliability among the community’s oldest-old adults aged ≥80 years.

Methods

A total of 473 oldest-old people who came from communities were recruited by convenience sampling for the assessment of construct validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In addition, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, face validity, and content validity were used to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of RSO.

Results

The RSO demonstrated good face validity and content validity. The content validity index of the Chinese version of the RSO was 0.890. Moreover, one factor was extracted by exploratory factor analysis, which accounted for 61.26% of the variance. The RSO had high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha = 0.927. The test–retest reliability was 0.785. The item-total correlations ranged from 0.752 to 0.832.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that the Chinese version of the RSO questionnaire has good reliability and validity and can be recommended for use by health and social service agencies as a method for assessing the resilience of the oldest-old in the community.
The mediating effect of geospatial thinking on the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography
Authors: Zhang Jianzhen , Su Ting , Liang Xiaoyu , Xu Yanhua , Wang Ziyang , Yu Yuyao , Ge Jiahao
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Family environment has the major impact on children’s academic development. The aim of this study was to research the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography. Further, geospatial thinking, as a form of spatial thinking focusing on the scale of the geographical environment, is closely related to family environment and academic achievement in geography. Thus, the study was more specifically to apply a mediation model to explore the potential mediating role of geospatial thinking.

Methods

A total of 1,037 upper-secondary-school students in Western China were surveyed using t the Family Capital Questionnaire and the Geospatial Thinking Test Questionnaire. SPSS (version 26.0) was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The PROCESS plug-in (version 4.0) was used to test the mediating effect of geospatial thinking.

Results

(1) The correlation analysis showed that family capital has a positive effect on academic achievement in geography and is related to geospatial thinking. Moreover, geospatial thinking exerts a positive effect on academic achievement in geography. (2) The results of mediation analysis indicated that geospatial thinking plays mediating and buffering roles in the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography after controlling for family residence and gender. The direct and indirect effects accounted for 75.32% and 24.68% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

The results indicated that family capital not only affected academic achievement in geography directly but also indirectly through geospatial thinking. This finding provides some ideas for the development of geography education, which suggests that geography educators need to pay more attention to the influence of the family environment on students’ geography learning in curriculum design and teaching processes. Also, the mediating role of geospatial thinking further uncovers the mechanisms underlying the academic achievement in geography. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on both students’ family capital and geospatial thinking in the process of geography learning, and carry out more geospatial thinking training to improve academic achievement in geography.
Effects of audiovisual interactions on working memory: Use of the combined N-back + Go/NoGo paradigm
Authors: He Yang , Yang Tianqi , He Chunyan , Sun Kewei , Guo Yaning , Wang Xiuchao , Bai Lifeng , Xue Ting , Xu Tao , Guo Qingjun , Liao Yang , Liu Xufeng , Wu Shengjun
Published: February 2023

Background

Approximately 94% of sensory information acquired by humans originates from the visual and auditory channels. Such information can be temporarily stored and processed in working memory, but this system has limited capacity. Working memory plays an important role in higher cognitive functions and is controlled by central executive function. Therefore, elucidating the influence of the central executive function on information processing in working memory, such as in audiovisual integration, is of great scientific and practical importance.

Purpose

This study used a paradigm that combined N-back and Go/NoGo tasks, using simple Arabic numerals as stimuli, to investigate the effects of cognitive load (modulated by varying the magnitude of N) and audiovisual integration on the central executive function of working memory as well as their interaction.

Methods

Sixty college students aged 17–21 years were enrolled and performed both unimodal and bimodal tasks to evaluate the central executive function of working memory. The order of the three cognitive tasks was pseudorandomized, and a Latin square design was used to account for order effects. Finally, working memory performance, i.e., reaction time and accuracy, was compared between unimodal and bimodal tasks with repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

As cognitive load increased, the presence of auditory stimuli interfered with visual working memory by a moderate to large extent; similarly, as cognitive load increased, the presence of visual stimuli interfered with auditory working memory by a moderate to large effect size.

Conclusion

Our study supports the theory of competing resources, i.e., that visual and auditory information interfere with each other and that the magnitude of this interference is primarily related to cognitive load.
The relationship between perceived teacher support and student engagement among higher vocational students: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Xu Xiuni , Wu Zhen , Wei Dongpo
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Student engagement is a best predictor variable of student’ development and success. It can be highly influenced by internal and external environmental factors, such as perceived teacher support.

Methods

In order to explore the influence of perceived teacher support on student engagement among higher vocational students, this study conducted a questionnaire on 1,136 Chinese higher vocational students using perceived teacher support, basic psychological needs satisfaction, learning drive, student engagement and Optimistic attributional styles for explaining positive events (OAS_P) five scales.

Results

The results show that: (1) Perceived teacher support can’t indirectly predict the student engagement among higher vocational students through basic psychological needs satisfaction; (2) Perceived teacher support can indirectly predict student engagement through learning drive; (3) Perceived teacher support can indirectly predict student engagement through basic psychological needs satisfaction and learning drive; (4) OAS_P has a significant moderation effect on both learning drive and student engagement.

Discussion

The finding of this study stated that perceived teacher support has a significant influence on student engagement. So in the teaching process, teachers should pay attention to their learning psychology, provide them with various support and encouragement and beneficial guidance, stimulate their learning drive, help them form a positive and optimistic attribution style, and make them actively participate in learning and school life.
Epidemiological features and trends in the mortality rates of 10 notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in China from 2004 to 2020: Based on national surveillance
Authors: Zhao Na , Wang Supen , Wang Lan , Shi Yingying , Jiang Yixin , Tseng Tzu-Jung , Liu Shelan , Chan Ta-Chien , Zhang Zhiruo
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study is to describe, visualize, and compare the trends and epidemiological features of the mortality rates of 10 notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in China from 2004 to 2020.

Setting

Data were obtained from the database of the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System (NIDSS) and reports released by the National and local Health Commissions from 2004 to 2020. Spearman correlations and Joinpoint regression models were used to quantify the temporal trends of RIDs by calculating annual percentage changes (APCs) in the rates of mortality.

Results

The overall mortality rate of RIDs was stable across China from 2004 to 2020 (R = −0.38, P = 0.13), with an APC per year of −2.2% (95% CI: −4.6 to 0.3; P = 0.1000). However, the overall mortality rate of 10 RIDs in 2020 decreased by 31.80% (P = 0.006) compared to the previous 5 years before the COVID-19 pandemic. The highest mortality occurred in northwestern, western, and northern China. Tuberculosis was the leading cause of RID mortality, and mortality from tuberculosis was relatively stable throughout the 17 years (R = −0.36, P = 0.16), with an APC of −1.9% (95% CI −4.1 to 0.4, P = 0.1000). Seasonal influenza was the only disease for which mortality significantly increased (R = 0.73, P = 0.00089), with an APC of 29.70% (95% CI 16.60–44.40%; P = 0.0000). The highest yearly case fatality ratios (CFR) belong to avian influenza A H5N1 [687.5 per 1,000 (33/48)] and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis [90.5748 per 1,000 (1,010/11,151)]. The age-specific CFR of 10 RIDs was highest among people over 85 years old [13.6551 per 1,000 (2,353/172,316)] and was lowest among children younger than 10 years, particularly in 5-year-old children [0.0552 per 1,000 (58/1,051,178)].

Conclusions

The mortality rates of 10 RIDs were relatively stable from 2004 to 2020 with significant differences among Chinese provinces and age groups. There was an increased mortality trend for seasonal influenza and concerted efforts are needed to reduce the mortality rate of seasonal influenza in the future.
Practice of the new supervised machine learning predictive analytics for glioma patient survival after tumor resection: Experiences in a high-volume Chinese center
Authors: Li Yushan , Ye Maodong , Jia Baolong , Chen Linwei , Zhou Zubang
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Gradient Boosting (GB) algorithm on glioma prognosis prediction and to explore new predictive models for glioma patient survival after tumor resection.

Methods

A cohort of 776 glioma cases (WHO grades II–IV) between 2010 and 2017 was obtained. Clinical characteristics and biomarker information were reviewed. Subsequently, we constructed the conventional Cox survival model and three different supervised machine learning models, including support vector machine (SVM), random survival forest (RSF), Tree GB, and Component GB. Then, the model performance was compared with each other. At last, we also assessed the feature importance of models.

Results

The concordance indexes of the conventional survival model, SVM, RSF, Tree GB, and Component GB were 0.755, 0.787, 0.830, 0.837, and 0.840, respectively. All areas under the cumulative receiver operating characteristic curve of both GB models were above 0.800 at different survival times. Their calibration curves showed good calibration of survival prediction. Meanwhile, the analysis of feature importance revealed Karnofsky performance status, age, tumor subtype, extent of resection, and so on as crucial predictive factors.

Conclusion

Gradient Boosting models performed better in predicting glioma patient survival after tumor resection than other models.
Hypoxemia in thoracoscopic lung resection surgery using a video double-lumen tube versus a conventional double-lumen tube: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Wang Wei , Gong Zhihao , Zhao Mingye , Zhang Zuojing , Qiu Yuwei , Jiang Qiliang , Wu Jingxiang
Published: February 2023

Background

Malposition of the double-lumen tubes (DLTs) may lead to hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Video double-lumen tubes (VDLTs) enable continuous observation of DLT position and avoid displacement. We aimed to investigate whether VDLTs could reduce the incidence of hypoxemia during OLV compared with conventional double-lumen tubes (cDLT) in thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Adult patients who underwent elective thoracoscopic lung resection surgery and required VDLTs or cDLTs for OLV at Shanghai Chest Hospital from January 2019 to May 2021 were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia during OLV between VDLT and cDLT. Secondary outcomes included bronchoscopy use, the degree of PaO2 decline, and arterial blood gas indices.

Results

A total of 1,780 patients were finally analyzed in propensity score-matched cohorts (VDLT vs. cDLT 1:1 n = 890). The incidence of hypoxemia decreased from 6.5% (58/890) in cDLT group to 3.6% (32/890) in VDLT group (Relative Risk [RR]: 1.812, 95% CI: 1.19–2.76, p = 0.005). The use of bronchoscopy was reduced by 90% in VDLT group (VDLT 10.0% (89/890) vs. cDLT 100% (890/890), p < 0.001). PaO2 after OLV was 221 [136.0–325.0] mmHg in cDLT group compared to 234 [159.7–336.2] mmHg in VDLT group, p = 0.003. The percentage of PaO2 decline was 41.4 [15.4–61.9] % in cDLT group, while it was 37.7 [8.7–55.9] % in the VDLT group, p < 0.001. In patients who suffered from hypoxemia, there were no significant differences in arterial blood gas indices or the percentage of PaO2 decline.

Conclusion

VDLTs reduce the incidence of hypoxemia and the use of bronchoscopy during OLV compared with cDLTs. VDLT may be a feasible option for thoracoscopic surgery.
Clinical outcomes of double-screw fixation with bone grafting for displaced scaphoid nonunions: A series of 21 cases
Authors: Ma Wei , Yao Jeffrey , Guo Yang
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study reports the clinical outcomes of double-screw fixation with bone grafting for displaced scaphoid nonunions.

Patients and methods

This study was a retrospective survey. From January 2018 to December 2019, 21 patients with displaced scaphoid fractures underwent open debridement and two headless compression screw fixation with bone grafting. The preoperative and postoperative lateral intrascaphoid angle (LISA) and scapholunate angle (SLA) were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative grip strength (% of the healthy side), active range of motion (AROM), visual analogue scale (VAS), and patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) scores at the final follow-up were obtained for all patients for comparison.

Results

Patients were treated for an average of 38.3 months (range 12–250) after the injury. The average time of postoperative follow-up was 30.5 months (range 24–48). All fractures achieved union at a mean of 2.7 months (range 2–4) after surgery, and 14 scaphoids of 21 patients (66.7%) healed by 8 weeks. CT scans showed no evidence of cortical penetration of either screw in all patients. There was a statistically significant improvement in AROM, grip strength, and PRWE. No complications occurred in this study, and all patients returned to work.

Conclusion

This study indicates that double-screw fixation with bone grafting is an effective technique for treating displaced scaphoid nonunions.
Awake uniportal VATS sublobar lung resections in high-comorbidity patients: Single-center early post-operative outcomes
Authors: Mugnaini Giovanni , Viggiano Domenico , Fontanari Paolo , Forzini Rossella , Voltolini Luca , Gonfiotti Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Awake minimally invasive Uniportal Video Assisted Thoracic Surgery (U-VATS) represents the last challenge in thoracic surgery that could change the future scenario for high comorbidity patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report a single center preliminary experience of awake thoracoscopic uni-portal anatomic and non-anatomic sub-lobar resections in this setting.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data collected on a prospective database of patients undergoing U-VATS awake sub-lobar lung resections for NSCLC between September 2021 and September 2022. Inclusion criteria were clinical stage I disease; contraindication to standard lobectomy due to high respiratory function impairment; general anesthesia considered at high risk based on the American Society of Anesthesiologist score and on the Charlson Comorbidity Index. All patients underwent a standardized awake non-intubated anesthesia protocol approved by our institutional board.

Results

They were n = 10 patients: n = 8 wedge resections; n = 2 segmentectomies. We had n = 1 (10%) conversion to standard general anesthesia and n = 1 laryngeal mask support but maintaining spontaneous breathing. N = 5 patients (50%) needed an Intensive Care Unit recovery (mean time = 17.20 h). Mean chest tube duration and Hospital stay were 2.0 and 3.5 days respectively. We did not register 30- days postoperative mortality.

Conclusion

Awake thoracic surgery is a feasible technique, and it could be performed also in high comorbidities’ patients without a high rate of complications and allows to operate patients that so far were considered borderline for surgery.
E-Sail Optimal Trajectories to Heliostationary Points
Authors: Quarta Alessandro A. , Mengali Giovanni
Published: February 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of a robotic spacecraft, whose primary propulsion system is an electric solar wind sail (E-sail), in a mission to a heliostationary point (HP)—that is, a static equilibrium point in a heliocentric and inertial reference frame. A spacecraft placed at a given HP with zero inertial velocity maintains that heliocentric position provided the on-board thrust is able to counterbalance the Sun’s gravitational force. Due to the finite amount of storable propellant mass, a prolonged mission toward an HP may be considered as a typical application of a propellantless propulsion system. In this respect, previous research has been concentrated on the capability of high-performance (photonic) solar sails to reach and maintain such a static equilibrium condition. However, in the case of a solar-sail-based spacecraft, an HP mission requires a sail design with propulsive characteristics that are well beyond the capability of current or near-future technology. This paper shows that a medium-performance E-sail is able to offer a viable alternative to the use of photonic solar sails. To that end, we discuss a typical HP mission from an optimal viewpoint, by looking for the minimum time trajectory necessary for a spacecraft to reach a given HP. In particular, both two- and three-dimensional scenarios are considered, and the time-optimal mission performance is analyzed parametrically as a function of the HP heliocentric position. The paper also illustrates a potential mission application involving the observation of the Sun’s poles from such a static inertial position.
Exploiting Kinetic Features of ORAC Assay for Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Capacity
Authors: Carvalho Joana R. B. , Meireles Andreia N. , Marques Sara S. , Gregório Bruno J. R. , Ramos Inês I. , Silva Eduarda M. P. , Barreiros Luisa , Segundo Marcela A.
Published: February 2023

The analysis and interpretation of data retrieved from Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays represent a challenging task. ORAC indexes originate from different mathematical approaches often lacking correct elucidation of kinetic features concerning radical scavenging reactions by antioxidant compounds. In this work, the expression of ORAC values as area under fluorescein (FL) decay curves (AUC) and lag time are critically compared. This multi-parametric analysis showed the extension of radical scavenging reactions beyond the lag time period for caffeic acid, gallic acid, reduced glutathione and quercetin, extending their antioxidant protection of FL. Ethanol delayed the reaction of both FL and antioxidant compounds with free radical species generated from 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride thermolysis. Trolox equivalent values, commonly used to express ORAC values, were more affected by the differences in radical scavenging kinetics between the reference and the tested antioxidant compounds when calculated from AUC than from lag time. These findings stressed the importance of choosing calibrator compounds presenting ORAC kinetics similar to samples to prevent biased estimation of the antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the framework proposed here provides a sustainable analytical method for the evaluation of antioxidant capacity, with an AGREE score of 0.73.
Non-A Blood Type Is a Risk Factor for Poor Cardio-Cerebrovascular Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Dialysis
Authors: Nakayama Takafumi , Yamamoto Junki , Ozeki Toshikazu , Tsuruta Yoshiro , Yokoi Masashi , Aoi Tomonori , Mori Yoshiko , Hori Mayuko , Tsujita Makoto , Shirasawa Yuichi , Kondo Chika , Yasuda Kaoru , Murata Minako , Kinoshita Yuko , Suzuki Shigeru , Fukuda Michio , Yamazaki Chikao , Ikehara Noriyuki , Sugiura Makoto , Goto Toshihiko , Hashimoto Hiroya , Yajima Kazuhiro , Maruyama Shoichi , Morozumi Kunio , Seo Yoshihiro
Published: February 2023

The clinical impact of ABO blood type on cardio-cerebrovascular outcomes in patients undergoing dialysis has not been clarified. A total of 365 hemodialysis patients participated in the current study. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite including cardio-cerebrovascular events and cardio-cerebrovascular death. The primary endpoint was observed in 73 patients during a median follow-up period of 1182 days, including 16/149 (11%) with blood type A, 22/81 (27%) with blood type B, 26/99 (26%) with blood type O, and 9/36 (25%) with blood type AB. At baseline, no difference was found in the echocardiographic parameters. Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that blood type (type A vs. non-A type; hazard ratio (HR): 0.46, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.26–0.81, p = 0.007), age (per 10-year increase; HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.18–1.84), antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07–3.41), LVEF (per 10% increase; HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.96), and LV mass index (per 10 g/m2 increase; HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13) were the independent determinants of the primary endpoint. Kaplan–Meier curves also showed a higher incidence of the primary endpoint in the non-A type than type A (Log-rank p = 0.001). Dialysis patients with blood type A developed cardio-cerebrovascular events more frequently than non-A type patients.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Genetically Modified by Lentivirus-Express Soluble TRAIL and Interleukin-12 Inhibit Growth and Reduced Metastasis-Relate Changes in Lymphoma Mice Model
Authors: Quiroz-Reyes Adriana G. , Gonzalez-Villarreal Carlos A. , Limon-Flores Alberto Y. , Delgado-Gonzalez Paulina , Martinez-Rodriguez Herminia G. , Said-Fernandez Salvador L. , Soto-Dominguez Adolfo , Rivas-Estilla Ana M. , Islas Jose F. , Molina-De la Garza Juan F. , Garza-Treviño Elsa N.
Published: February 2023

Background: Cancer treatment has many side effects; therefore, more efficient treatments are needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have immunoregulatory properties, tumor site migration and can be genetically modified. Some proteins, such as soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), have shown antitumoral potential, thus its combination in solid tumors could increase their activity. Materials and Methods: Lentiviral transduction of bone marrow MSC with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transgenes (sTRAIL and IL-12) was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot. Soluble TRAIL levels were quantified by ELISA. Lymphoma L5178Y cells express a reporter gene (GFP/mCherry), and TRAIL receptor (DR5). Results: An in vivo model showed that combined treatment with MSC expressing sTRAIL+IL-12 or IL-12 alone significantly reduced tumor volume and increased survival in BALB/c mice (p < 0.05) with only one application. However, at the histological level, only MSC expressing IL-12 reduced tumor cell infiltration significantly in the right gastrocnemius compared with the control group (p < 0.05). It presented less tissue dysplasia confirmed by fluorescence and hematoxylin–eosin dye; nevertheless, treatment not inhibited hepatic metastasis. Conclusions: MSC expressing IL-12, is or combination with BM-MSC expressing sTRAIL represents an antitumor strategy for lymphoma tumors since they increase survival and reduce tumor development. However, the combination did not show significative additive effect. The localized application did not inhibit metastasis but reduced morphological alterations of tissue associated with liver metastasis.
Study on the Design of Architectural Renovations in Historical Districts Based on the Architecture of Local Schema—Huaxing Street in Chengdu as an Example
Authors: Yin Jianqiang , Feng Jingzhao , Li Ziyi , Wang Xiaoxiao
Published: February 2023

Due to the rapid renovations of historical districts in the context of consumer society, contributing to the loss of city culture and identity, this paper describes the methodological study of the local schema concept on the renovations of architectural design, utilizing speculative design as opposed to inertial design. This case analysis focuses on Huaxing Street in Chengdu, China. By performing field surveys, photographing structures, and sending questionnaires to local inhabitants, an evaluation of Huaxing Street’s current status and obstacles is conducted. The conclusion of the study summarizes the audience’s satisfaction with the usage status of different renovated structures. On the basis of the idea of local schema, a spatial translation approach for architectural prototypes is given. This research explores the design methods of historical architecture in the area, history, and memory in an effort to provide guidelines for the renovation of structures in comparable historical districts. To accomplish this, prototypes for architectural installations are selected, design elements are divided, and a three-dimensional model is utilized to form a schematic replication of the building.
Prevalence of Breakfast Skippers among Tunisian Preschool and School Children and Association with Weight Status: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dogui Darine , Doggui Radhouene , El Ati Jalila , El Ati-Hellal Myriam
Published: February 2023

Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day. This study aimed to assess breakfast frequency and quality in Tunisian children and to determine the relationship between breakfast skipping and the weight status of the children. A total of 1200 preschool and school children aged 3 to 9 years were randomly selected under a cross-sectional design. Breakfast habits and socio-economic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Participants who consumed breakfast less than five times the previous week were categorized as breakfast skippers. The other breakfast consumers were considered as non-skippers. The overall prevalence of breakfast skipping in Tunisian children was 8.3% and 83% of them consumed breakfast all the weekdays. At least two out of three children had a poor breakfast quality. Only 1% of children consumed breakfast in accordance with the composition guidelines. No relationships between breakfast skipping and weight status were detected in this study after adjustment for age, sex and all socio-economic factors (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.72–1.89, p = 0.541). Further school-based interventions should be implemented to improve breakfast quality and to promote a healthy weight in Tunisian children.
Pharmacoepidemiological Analysis of Oral Contraceptive Use in Adolescents in a German Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Herzig Markus , Bertsche Astrid , Hilbert Cornelia , Kiess Wieland , Bertsche Thilo , Neininger Martina Patrizia
Published: February 2023

To assess the use of oral contraceptives (OC) in adolescents, using data from a longitudinal, population-based pediatric cohort study (LIFE Child). We also investigated associations between OC use and socioeconomic status (SES), and associations between OC use and potential adverse drug reactions such as effects on blood pressure. We included 609 female participants of the LIFE Child cohort, aged ≥13 to <21 years, who visited the study center between 2012 and 2019. Data collection compromised drug use in the past 14 days, SES, and anthropometric data such as blood pressure. An analysis of covariance was used to detect potential associations between participants’ blood pressure and OC. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (aOR) adjusted for age and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The prevalence of OC use was 25.8%. OC intake was less common in participants with a high SES (aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15, 0.62). The mean age at OC initiation did not change between 2012 and 2019. We observed an increased use of second-generation OC (2013: 17.9%, 2019: 48.5%; p = 0.013) and a decreased use of fourth-generation OC (2013: 71.8%, 2019: 45.5%; p = 0.027). We found a higher systolic (mean: 111.74 mmHg, p < 0.001) and diastolic (69.15 mmHg, p = 0.004) blood pressure in OC users compared to non-users (systolic: 108.60 mmHg; diastolic: 67.24 mmHg). Every fourth adolescent took an OC. The share of second-generation OC increased during the study period. OC intake was associated with low SES. OC users had a slightly higher blood pressure than non-users.
The Psychosocial Impact of the Decision to Undergo Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy Surgery in BRCA Mutation Carriers and the Role of Physician-Patient Communication
Authors: Alves-Nogueira Ana C. , Melo Daniela , Carona Carlos , Figueiredo-Dias Margarida
Published: February 2023

Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is an effective prophylactic surgery provided to premenopausal women carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and presenting an increased risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. This procedure is related to physiological, sexual, and psychosocial distress, which altogether increase uncertainty and complexity in the clinical decision-making process and post-surgery adaptation. Physician-patient communication (PPC) has been pointed out as a determinant factor in the decision-making to undergo RRSO, and the subsequent adjustment of women. However, studies examining the psychosocial impact of the decision-making process have been scarce and often lack clear theoretical frameworks. While the role of PPC in such processes has been highlighted in a few qualitative studies, there is a paucity of quantitative research addressing this question. Therefore, this narrative review, conducted using a multidisciplinary approach, was planned to: (1) present an updated medical background for RRSO; (2) analyze the psychosocial impact of the decision-making process within a theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model; and (3) discuss the role of PPC in such a decision-making process and in post-surgery. The collected research also enabled the recommendation of some additions to the existing clinical guidelines and the outlining of future research directions.
Investigating the Linear Dynamics of the Near-Field of a Turbulent High-Speed Jet Using Dual-Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD)
Authors: Chaugule Vishal , Duddridge Alexis , Sikroria Tushar , Atkinson Callum , Soria Julio
Published: February 2023

The quest for the physical mechanisms underlying turbulent high-speed jet flows is underpinned by the extraction of spatio-temporal coherent structures from their flow fields. Experimental measurements to enable data decomposition need to comprise time-resolved velocity fields with a high-spatial resolution—qualities which current particle image velocimetry hardware are incapable of providing. This paper demonstrates a novel approach that addresses this challenge through the implementation of an experimental high-spatial resolution dual-particle image velocimetry methodology coupled with dynamic mode decomposition. This new approach is exemplified by its application in studying the dynamics of the near-field region of a turbulent high-speed jet, enabling the spatio-temporal structure to be investigated by the identification of the spatial structure of the dominant dynamic modes and their temporal dynamics. The spatial amplification of these modes is compared with that predicted by classical linear stability theory, showing close agreement, which demonstrates the powerful capability of this technique to identify the dominant frequencies and their associated spatial structures in high-speed turbulent flows.
In Vitro Digestion and Fecal Fermentation of Low-Gluten Rice and Its Effect on the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Li Zhi-Tao , Han Shuang-Xin , Pu Jia-Yang , Wang Yu-Ying , Jiang Yun , Gao Min-Jie , Zhan Xiao-Bei , Xu Song
Published: February 2023

Low-gluten rice is part of a special diet for chronic kidney disease patients, but its digestive mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract is unclear. In this study, low-gluten rice (LGR), common rice (CR), and rice starch (RS) were used as experimental samples, and their digestion and bacterial fermentation were simulated using an in vitro gastrointestinal reactor to investigate the mechanism of the effect of LGR on human health. The starch digestibility of CR was higher than that of LGR, with statistically significant differences. LGR has growth-promoting and metabolic effects on Akkermansia muciniphila. Among the beneficial metabolites, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from LGR reached 104.85 mmol/L, an increase of 44.94% (versus RS) and 25.33% (versus CR). Moreover, the concentration of lactic acid reached 18.19 mmol/L, an increase of 60.55% (versus RS) and 25.28% (versus CR). Among the harmful metabolites, the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in LGR was 0.29 mmol/L and the concentration of ammonia was 2.60 mmol/L, which was 79.31% and 16.15% lower than CR, respectively. A significant increase in the concentration of the beneficial intestinal bacteria Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium occurred from LGR. The 16s rDNA sequencing showed that the abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased and the abundance of the Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria decreased. Thus, LGR has positive effects on digestion and gut microbiota structure and metabolism in humans.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gamma Radiation Induced Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride-Acrylic Acid-(3-Acrylamidopropyl) Trimethylammonium Chloride Superabsorbent Hydrogel
Authors: Bhuyan Md Murshed , Jeong Jae-Ho
Published: February 2023

The gamma radiation technique is simple and time-saving for the synthesis of pure hydrogels. The present work focuses on synthesizing and characterizing Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride-Acrylic acid-(3-Acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium Chloride (DADMAC-AAc-APTAC) superabsorbent hydrogels. The hydrogels were synthesized by applying gamma radiation of different doses (2 kGy to 30 kGy) to two different compositions of monomers. The equilibrium swelling was found to be 33483.48% of dried gel for a 1:0.5:1 composition ratio of monomers at a 2 kGy radiation dose. Therefore, on the basis of equilibrium swelling, 2 kGy is the optimum radiation dose for synthesizing the hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization techniques were used to analyze and confirm the structure of the hydrogel. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) clearly showed the thermal stability and surface morphology of the gel. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrogels can be used in metal adsorption, drug delivery, and other fields of study.
Delayed Medical Care of Underserved Middle-Aged and Older African Americans with Chronic Disease during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adinkrah Edward K. , Cobb Sharon , Bazargan Mohsen
Published: February 2023

Background: While African American middle-aged and older adults with chronic disease are particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unknown which subgroups of this population may delay seeking care. The aim of this study was to examine demographic, socioeconomic, COVID-19-related, and health-related factors that correlate with delayed care in African American middle-aged and older adults with chronic disease. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 African American middle-aged and older adults who had at least one chronic disease were recruited from faith-based organizations. We measured the following exploratory variables: demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic status (education), marital status, number of chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, financial strain, health literacy, COVID-19 vaccination history, COVID-19 diagnosis history, COVID-19 knowledge, and COVID-19 perceived threat. The outcome was delay in chronic disease care. Results: According to the Poisson log-linear regression, higher level of education, higher number of chronic diseases, and depressive symptoms were associated with a higher level of delayed care. Age, gender, COVID-19 vaccination history, COVID-19 diagnosis history, COVID-19 perceived threat, COVID-19 knowledge, financial strain, marital status, and health literacy were not correlated with delayed care. Discussion: Given that higher healthcare needs in terms of multiple chronic medical diseases and depressive symptomatology but not COVID-19-related constructs (i.e., vaccination history, diagnosis history, and perceived threat) were associated with delayed care, there is a need for programs and interventions that assist African American middle-aged and older adults with chronic disease to seek the care that they need. More research is needed to understand why educational attainment is associated with more delayed care of chronic disease in African American middle-aged and older adults with chronic illness.
Factors Affecting Weight Reduction after Intragastric Balloon Insertion: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bawahab Mohammed A. , Abbas Khaled S. , Maksoud Walid M. Abd El , Abdelgadir Reem S , Altumairi Khaled , Alqahtani Awadh R. , Alzahrani Hassan A. , Bhat Muneer Jan
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: Intragastric balloon (IGB) is a safe option for obesity management. However, studies determining the factors influencing the procedure’s outcomes are scarce. Therefore, our goal was to determine the factors affecting weight reduction after IGB insertion. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 126 obese patients who underwent IGB treatment using the ORBERA® Intragastric Balloon System. Patients’ records were retrieved; and demographic data, initial body mass index (BMI), complications, compliance with both diet and exercise programs, and percentage of excess weight reduction were recorded. Results: The study included 108 female (85.7%) and 18 male (14.3%) patients. The mean age was 31.7 ± 8.1 years. The percentage of excess weight loss (EWL) was 55.8 ± 35.7%. The mean weight loss was 13.01 ± 7.51 kg. A significant association was found between EWL and age, initial weight, initial body mass index, and the number of pregnancies. No major complications were observed. However, the balloon had to be removed early in two patients (1.59%) due to its rupture and in two other patients (1.59%) due to severe gastritis. Conclusions: IGB therapy is a safe and effective option for obesity management, associated with low rates of complications. The EWL after IGB insertion is significantly higher among older patients, those with a relatively low initial body mass index, those with a longer duration of IGB insertion, and female patients with less parity. Larger prospective studies are needed to support our results.