bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a terahertz multi-spectral 3×3 Mueller matrix polarimetry system for 2D and 3D imaging
Authors: Huang Shao-Xin , Wu Geng-Bo , Chan Ka-Fai , Chen Bao-Jie , Xia Ming-Yao , Fromenteze Thomas , Decroze Cyril , Chan Chi Hou
Published: March 2021

Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) has been demonstrated and recognized as an effective approach to attaining imaging enhancement as well as revealing polarization properties of an imaged sample. Generally, a minimum of 16 combinations of intensity-only measurements involving both linear and circular polarizations are required to completely and accurately determine the 4 × 4 Mueller matrix (MM) and comprehensively describe the polarization properties of the sample. However, broadband circular polarizations (CP) are rather difficult to obtain for design and fabrication limitations in the terahertz region, which poses a challenge to the acquisition of the 4 × 4 MM. In this circumstance, the 3 × 3 MM degradation using only linear polarizations (LP) is preferred and sufficient for characterization of non-depolarizing samples. In this paper, a multi-spectral 3 × 3 MMP system based on the THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is established from 0.1 to 1 THz. The system demonstrated is capable of fulfilling the accurate determination of the 3 × 3 MM. The Mueller matrix polar decomposition (MMPD), modified to be compatible with the MM degradation, is employed to explore the fine details and properties of the sample. By signal post-processing techniques, the MM elements in the time domain are retrieved, and the time dimension reflecting the depth information facilitates the 3D reconstruction of the sample. This work provides a prototype for 3D imaging of biological samples at higher frequencies in the future.
Towards Poisson noise limited optical pump soft X-ray probe NEXAFS spectroscopy using a laser-produced plasma source: erratum
Authors: Jonas Adrian , Stiel Holger , Glöggler Lisa , Dahm Diana , Dammer Katharina , Kanngießer Birgit , Mantouvalou Ioanna
Published: March 2021

We provide corrections for our previous publication [Opt. Express 27, 36524 (2019)10.1364/OE.27.036524].
Femtosecond laser inscribed chirped fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Pan Xue-Peng , Guo Qi , Wu Yuan-Da , Liu Shan-Ren , Wang Bo , Yu Yong-Sen , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: March 2021

In this work, a method is proposed and demonstrated for fabrication of chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) in single-mode fiber by femtosecond laser point-by-point inscription. CFBGs with bandwidths from 2 to 12 nm and dispersion ranges from 14.2 to 85 ps/nm are designed and achieved. The sensitivities of temperature and strain are 14.91 pm/°C and

1.21

p
m

/

µ
ε

, respectively. Compared to the present phase mask method, femtosecond laser point-by-point inscription technology has the advantage of manufacturing CFBGs with different parameter flexibilities, and is expected to be widely applied in the future.
Resonant bistable 2 × 2 crossbar switches using dual nanobeams clad with phase-change material
Authors: Gostimirovic Dusan , Soref Richard , Ye Winnie N.
Published: March 2021

We present the first bistable 2 × 2 crossbar switches using dual suspended nanobeams with phase changing Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) cladding material. The dual suspended nanobeam configuration gives a higher-temperature pulse that will efficiently change the phase of a nanoscale GSST cladding on each nanobeam cavity region. The compact resonant 2 × 2 Mach–Zehnder switch has stable cross and bar states corresponding to the amorphous and crystalline phases of the GSST, respectively. We have optimized the nanobeam design using 3D FDTD and have made detailed numerical simulations that predict low insertion loss and low crosstalk with ∼100 GHz bandwidth. Finally, the application of this device to N x N x Mλ wavelength cross-connect switching is presented. The unique integration of switch design elements presented in this paper enables, for the first time, the combination of nonvolatile resonant behavior, low switching power, low insertion loss and crosstalk, wide bandwidth, and fast switching times, for WDM switching applications.
Graph of graphs analysis for multiplexed data with application to imaging mass cytometry
Authors: Lin Ya-Wei Eileen , Shnitzer Tal , Talmon Ronen , Villarroel-Espindola Franz , Desai Shruti , Schalper Kurt , Kluger Yuval
Published: March 2021

Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) combines laser ablation and mass spectrometry to quantitate metal-conjugated primary antibodies incubated in intact tumor tissue slides. This strategy allows spatially-resolved multiplexing of dozens of simultaneous protein targets with 1μm resolution. Each slide is a spatial assay consisting of high-dimensional multivariate observations (m-dimensional feature space) collected at different spatial positions and capturing data from a single biological sample or even representative spots from multiple samples when using tissue microarrays. Often, each of these spatial assays could be characterized by several regions of interest (ROIs). To extract meaningful information from the multi-dimensional observations recorded at different ROIs across different assays, we propose to analyze such datasets using a two-step graph-based approach. We first construct for each ROI a graph representing the interactions between the m covariates and compute an m dimensional vector characterizing the steady state distribution among features. We then use all these m-dimensional vectors to construct a graph between the ROIs from all assays. This second graph is subjected to a nonlinear dimension reduction analysis, retrieving the intrinsic geometric representation of the ROIs. Such a representation provides the foundation for efficient and accurate organization of the different ROIs that correlates with their phenotypes. Theoretically, we show that when the ROIs have a particular bi-modal distribution, the new representation gives rise to a better distinction between the two modalities compared to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. We applied our method to predict the sensitivity to PD-1 axis blockers treatment of lung cancer subjects based on IMC data, achieving 97.3% average accuracy on two IMC datasets. This serves as empirical evidence that the graph of graphs approach enables us to integrate multiple ROIs and the intra-relationships between the features at each ROI, giving rise to an informative representation that is strongly associated with the phenotypic state of the entire image.
On realized serial and generation intervals given control measures: The COVID-19 pandemic case
Authors: Torneri Andrea , Libin Pieter , Scalia Tomba Gianpaolo , Faes Christel , Wood James G. , Hens Niel
Published: March 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 pathogen is currently spreading worldwide and its propensity for presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission makes it difficult to control. The control measures adopted in several countries aim at isolating individuals once diagnosed, limiting their social interactions and consequently their transmission probability. These interventions, which have a strong impact on the disease dynamics, can affect the inference of the epidemiological quantities. We first present a theoretical explanation of the effect caused by non-pharmaceutical intervention measures on the mean serial and generation intervals. Then, in a simulation study, we vary the assumed efficacy of control measures and quantify the effect on the mean and variance of realized generation and serial intervals. The simulation results show that the realized serial and generation intervals both depend on control measures and their values contract according to the efficacy of the intervention strategies. Interestingly, the mean serial interval differs from the mean generation interval. The deviation between these two values depends on two factors. First, the number of undiagnosed infectious individuals. Second, the relationship between infectiousness, symptom onset and timing of isolation. Similarly, the standard deviations of realized serial and generation intervals do not coincide, with the former shorter than the latter on average. The findings of this study are directly relevant to estimates performed for the current COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the effective reproduction number is often inferred using both daily incidence data and the generation interval. Failing to account for either contraction or mis-specification by using the serial interval could lead to biased estimates of the effective reproduction number. Consequently, this might affect the choices made by decision makers when deciding which control measures to apply based on the value of the quantity thereof.
Characterization of C9orf72 haplotypes to evaluate the effects of normal and pathological variations on its expression and splicing
Authors: Ben-Dor Israel , Pacut Crystal , Nevo Yuval , Feldman Eva L. , Reubinoff Benjamin E.
Published: March 2021

Expansion of the hexanucleotide repeat (HR) in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in Caucasians. All C9orf72-ALS/FTD patients share a common risk (R) haplotype. To study C9orf72 expression and splicing from the mutant R allele compared to the complementary normal allele in ALS/FTD patients, we initially created a detailed molecular map of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signature and the HR length of the various C9orf72 haplotypes in Caucasians. We leveraged this map to determine the allelic origin of transcripts per patient, and decipher the effects of pathological and normal HR lengths on C9orf72 expression and splicing. In C9orf72 ALS patients’ cells, the HR expanded allele, compared to non-R allele, was associated with decreased levels of a downstream initiated transcript variant and increased levels of transcripts initiated upstream of the HR. HR expanded R alleles correlated with high levels of unspliced intron 1 and activation of cryptic donor splice sites along intron 1. Retention of intron 1 was associated with sequential intron 2 retention. The SNP signature of C9orf72 haplotypes described here enables allele-specific analysis of transcriptional products and may pave the way to allele-specific therapeutic strategies.
Characteristics and visual outcome of ocular trauma patients at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Malawi
Authors: Zungu Thokozani , Mdala Shaffi , Manda Chatonda , Twabi Halima Sumayya , Kayange Petros
Published: March 2021

Background

To describe the epidemiology and visual outcome of patients with ocular trauma treated at Queen Elizabeth Central hospital in Malawi.

Methods

A prospective, observational study was undertaken from September 2017 to December 2017. Data on socio-demographic features, aetiology of trauma, type of ocular injury pre-referral pathway and treatment of ocular trauma was collected as the exposure variables. The main outcome variable was best corrected visual acuity at 8 weeks following initial visit.

Results

A total of 102 patients (103 eyes) with ocular trauma were recruited with loss of follow up of 11 participants at 8 weeks following recruitment. The most affected age group were children under 11 years old (35.3%), followed by young adults of age between 21–30 years (22.5%). The male-to-female ratio for ocular injury was 2.8:1. Most participants had closed globe injuries (n = 72, 70.6%), with over half the population injured by blunt objects (n = 62, 60.8%). Furthermore, among the adult population, majority (n = 19 38%) were injured on the road during assaults (n = 24, 48%), while most paediatric injuries (n = 32, 61.5%) occurred at home during play. The incidence of monocular blindness was 25.3% at eight weeks after the first presentation. Factors that were associated with monocular blindness on multivariate analysis were living in rural areas and open globe injuries.

Conclusion

Ocular trauma led to monocular blindness in a quarter of the study population. There is need for preventive education of ocular injuries at both family and community level.
Spatial variations and associated factors of knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids for the management of diarrhea among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
Published: March 2021

Background

Even though diarrhea is not lethal by itself, the lack of knowledge about its management results in devastating complications such as dehydration and lastly death. Using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) is an easy, inexpensive, and most reliable way of treating dehydration and reducing diarrhea-related mortalities. The literature revealed that Knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids is a very important and critical factor for the utilization of ORS during the management of diarrhea.

Methods

We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, which is the fourth survey conducted by the Central Statistical Agency. A total weighted sample of 7590 reproductive-age women who gave birth within five years preceding the survey was used. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was done to assess factors associated with knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids. Arc GIS version 10.3 and Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software were used for the spatial analysis.

Results

In the multilevel analysis maternal education, media exposure, residence, community illiteracy level, and region were significantly associated with knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids. Besides, knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids for the management of diarrhea was not random in Ethiopia (with Moran’s Index = 0.46 and p-value <0.001), and the primary clusters spatial window was located in SNNPR, most parts of the Oromia region, and eastern parts of the Gambela region.

Conclusion

In this study knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids was not random across the country. Lack of formal education, lack of media exposure, being from a rural area, and being from communities with a higher illiteracy level was associated with lower odds of knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids. Therefore, special emphasis should be given to these high-risk groups and the hot spot regions (SNNPR, most parts of the Oromia region, and eastern parts of the Gambela region). Moreover, distributing information through different media regarding ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids is necessary.
Deriving household composition using population-scale electronic health record data—A reproducible methodology
Authors: Johnson Rhodri D. , Griffiths Lucy J. , Hollinghurst Joe P. , Akbari Ashley , Lee Alexandra , Thompson Daniel A. , Lyons Ronan A. , Fry Richard
Published: March 2021

Background

Physical housing and household composition have an important role in the lives of individuals and drive health and social outcomes, and inequalities. Most methods to understand housing composition are based on survey or census data, and there is currently no reproducible methodology for creating population-level household composition measures using linked administrative data.

Methods

Using existing, and more recent enhancements to the address-data linkage methods in the SAIL Databank using Residential Anonymised Linking Fields we linked individuals to properties using the anonymised Welsh Demographic Service data in the SAIL Databank. We defined households, household size, and household composition measures based on adult to child relationships, and age differences between residents to create relative age measures.

Results

Two relative age-based algorithms were developed and returned similar results when applied to population and household-level data, describing household composition for 3.1 million individuals within 1.2 million households in Wales. Developed methods describe binary, and count level generational household composition measures.

Conclusions

Improved residential anonymised linkage field methods in SAIL have led to improved property-level data linkage, allowing the design and application of household composition measures that assign individuals to shared residences and allow the description of household composition across Wales. The reproducible methods create longitudinal, household-level composition measures at a population-level using linked administrative data. Such measures are important to help understand more detail about an individual’s home and area environment and how that may affect the health and wellbeing of the individual, other residents, and potentially into the wider community.
Detection of genetic divergence among some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using molecular and biochemical indicators under salinity stress
Authors: Gowayed Salah M. H. , Abd El-Moneim Diaa
Published: March 2021

Wheat has remarkable importance among cereals in Egypt. Salt stress affects plant growth, development, and crop productivity. Therefore, salinity tolerance is an essential trait that must be incorporated in crops. This research aimed to investigate molecular and biochemical indicators and defence responses in seedlings of 14 Egyptian wheat genotypes to distinguish the most contrasting salt-responsive genotypes. Analysis of ISSR and SCoT markers revealed high polymorphism and reproducible fingerprinting profiles for evaluating genetic variability within the studied genotypes. The HB-10 and SCoT 1 primers had the highest values for all the studied parameters. All the tested primers generated a set of 66 polymorphic bands among tolerant and sensitive genotypes. The transcript profiles of eight TaWRKY genes showed significant induction under the salinity treatments. Moreover, the expression of TaWRKY6 for genotypes Sids 14 and Sakha 93 sharply increased and recorded the highest expression, while the expression of TaWRKY20 for Misr 1 recorded the lowest expression. Under salt stress, the total sugar, proline, and phenolic contents increased significantly, while the chlorophyll content decreased significantly. Additionally, five peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isoforms were observed in treated leaves and clustered into five different patterns. Some isoforms increased significantly as salinity levels increased. This increase was clearer in salt-tolerant than in salt-sensitive genotypes. Eighteen protein bands appeared, most of which were not affected by salinity compared with the control, and specific bands were rare. Generally, the Sids 14, Sakha 93, Sohag 4, and Gemmeiza 12 genotypes are considered salt tolerant in comparison to the other genotypes.
Changes in tooth brushing frequency and its associated factors from 2006 to 2014 among French adolescents: Results from three repeated cross sectional HBSC studies
Authors: Fernandez de Grado Gabriel , Ehlinger Virginie , Godeau Emmanuelle , Arnaud Catherine , Nabet Cathy , Benkirane-Jessel Nadia , Musset Anne-Marie , Offner Damien
Published: March 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate in the changes in the percentage of adolescents who brush their teeth twice a day and the association with socio-economic status and health behaviors between 2006, 2010 and 2014 among adolescents from the French cross-sectional studies of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey.

Methods

Our sample included 18727 adolescents aged 11, 13 or 15 years old (y/o). The relationship between toothbrushing frequency (TBF) and eating habits, health and socio-economic status markers, family status, school perception, substance use, sedentary lifestyle and physical activity, together with their evolution over the 3 studies, were investigated using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The proportion of adolescents brushing twice a day increased from 68.8% in 2006 to 70.8% in 2010 and 78.8% in 2014 (p<0.0001). Notable associated factors (p<0.0001) were: being a girl (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.5) and, even more, an older girl (aOR 1.5 for 15 y/o vs 11 y/o girls), having breakfast (aOR 1.4) and eating fruits daily (aOR 1.6), excellent perceived health (aOR 1.2), obesity or overweight (aOR 0.6), being bullied at school (aOR 0.8), and perceived family wealth (aOR 1.4 for High vs Low). No impact from any associated factor changed over the 3 studies.

Conclusions

Among French adolescents, TBF improved from 2006 to 2014. TBF was significantly associated with other health behaviors. These associations stayed similar in 2006, 2010 and 2010. This increase in TBF may be linked with global prevention programs developed during this time period. These programs should be maintained and associated with more specific ones targeting and adapted to disadvantaged populations, in order to reduce inequalities in oral hygiene and oral health.
Three step flow focusing enables image-based discrimination and sorting of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis cells
Authors: Kraus Daniel , Kleiber Andreas , Ehrhardt Enrico , Leifheit Matthias , Horbert Peter , Urban Matthias , Gleichmann Nils , Mayer Günter , Popp Jürgen , Henkel Thomas
Published: March 2021

Label-free and gentle separation of cell stages with desired target properties from mixed stage populations are a major research task in modern biotechnological cultivation process and optimization of micro algae. The reported microfluidic sorter system (MSS) allows the subsequent investigation of separated subpopulations. The implementation of a viability preserving MSS is shown for separation of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) cells form a mixed stage population. The MSS combines a three-step flow focusing unit for aligning the cells in single file transportation mode at the center of the microfluidic channel with a pure hydrodynamic sorter structure for cell sorting. Lateral displacement of the cells into one of the two outlet channels is generated by piezo-actuated pump chambers. In-line decision making for sorting is based on a user-definable set of image features and properties. The reported MSS significantly increased the purity of target cells in the sorted population (94%) in comparison to the initial mixed stage population (19%).
Are partnerships in nonprofit organizations being governed for sustainability? A partnering life cycle assessment
Authors: Kassem Hazem S. , Bagadeem Salim , Alotaibi Bader Alhafi , Aljuaid Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Goal 17 of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) attracted attention to the importance of partnerships between governments, the private sector, and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) for sustainable development. This paper aims to analyze the processes of establishing and operating the partnerships between NPOs and other actors in terms of governance. The best practices for partnership governance were examined according to the partnering life cycle framework. A simple random sample of 184 NPOs in six regions of Saudi Arabia was selected for data collection. These organizations were analyzed according to their governance practices in 937 partnerships established during 2016–2018. The findings showed that the organizations had strongly implemented the phases of building and scoping and managing and maintaining, while their governance practices regarding phases of reviewing and revising and sustaining outcomes ranged between moderate and low levels. The results also revealed significant differences between the overall implementation of the partnering life cycle practices and the NPO’s year of establishment. It was concluded that analyzing the current situation of implementing the best practices of partnership governance is useful to explore the efficiency and effectiveness of partnerships between NPOs and other actors, as well as the existing policy gaps, so as to create and implement sustainable-oriented partnerships.
The effect of control measures on COVID-19 transmission in South Korea
Authors: Lee Taeyong , Kwon Hee-Dae , Lee Jeehyun
Published: March 2021

Countries around the world have taken control measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including Korea. Social distancing is considered an essential strategy to reduce transmission in the absence of vaccination or treatment. While interventions have been successful in controlling COVID-19 in Korea, maintaining the current restrictions incurs great social costs. Thus, it is important to analyze the impact of different polices on the spread of the epidemic. To model the COVID-19 outbreak, we use an extended age-structured SEIR model with quarantine and isolation compartments. The model is calibrated to age-specific cumulative confirmed cases provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Four control measures—school closure, social distancing, quarantine, and isolation—are investigated. Because the infectiousness of the exposed has been controversial, we study two major scenarios, considering contributions to infection of the exposed, the quarantined, and the isolated. Assuming the transmission rate would increase more than 1.7 times after the end of social distancing, a second outbreak is expected in the first scenario. The epidemic threshold for increase of contacts between teenagers after school reopening is 3.3 times, which brings the net reproduction number to 1. The threshold values are higher in the second scenario. If the average time taken until isolation and quarantine reduces from three days to two, cumulative cases are reduced by 60% and 47% in the first scenario, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction is 33% and 41%, respectively, for rapid isolation and quarantine in the second scenario. Without social distancing, a second wave is possible, irrespective of whether we assume risk of infection by the exposed. In the non-infectivity of the exposed scenario, early detection and isolation are significantly more effective than quarantine. Furthermore, quarantining the exposed is as important as isolating the infectious when we assume that the exposed also contribute to infection.
Targeted mutagenesis on PDGFRα-Fc identifies amino acid modifications that allow efficient inhibition of HCMV infection while abolishing PDGF sequestration
Authors: Feldmann Svenja , Grimm Immanuel , Stöhr Dagmar , Antonini Chiara , Lischka Peter , Sinzger Christian , Stegmann Cora
Published: March 2021

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) serves as an entry receptor for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and soluble PDGFRα-Fc can neutralize HCMV at a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of about 10 ng/ml. While this indicates a potential for usage as an HCMV entry inhibitor PDGFRα-Fc can also bind the physiological ligands of PDGFRα (PDGFs), which likely interferes with the respective signaling pathways and represents a potential source of side effects. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that interference with PDGF signaling can be prevented by mutations in PDGFRα-Fc or combinations thereof, without losing the inhibitory potential for HCMV. To this aim, a targeted mutagenesis approach was chosen. The mutations were quantitatively tested in biological assays for interference with PDGF-dependent signaling as well as inhibition of HCMV infection and biochemically for reduced affinity to PDGF-BB, facilitating quantification of PDGFRα-Fc selectivity for HCMV inhibition. Mutation of Ile 139 to Glu and Tyr 206 to Ser strongly reduced the affinity for PDGF-BB and hence interference with PDGF-dependent signaling. Inhibition of HCMV infection was less affected, thus increasing the selectivity by factor 4 and 8, respectively. Surprisingly, the combination of these mutations had an additive effect on binding of PDGF-BB but not on inhibition of HCMV, resulting in a synergistic 260fold increase of selectivity. In addition, a recently reported mutation, Val 242 to Lys, was included in the analysis. PDGFRα-Fc with this mutation was fully effective at blocking HCMV entry and had a drastically reduced affinity for PDGF-BB. Combining Val 242 to Lys with Ile 139 to Glu and/or Tyr 206 to Ser further reduced PDGF ligand binding beyond detection. In conclusion, this targeted mutagenesis approach identified combinations of mutations in PDGFRα-Fc that prevent interference with PDGF-BB but maintain inhibition of HCMV, which qualifies such mutants as candidates for the development of HCMV entry inhibitors.
Afectando el conflicto: Mediaciones de la guerra en el arte y cine contemporáneo, Ruben Darío Yepes Muñoz (2018)
Authors: Esguerra Catalina
Published: March 2021

Review of: Afectando el conflicto: Mediaciones de la guerra en el arte y cine contemporáneo, Ruben Darío Yepes Muñoz (2018)

Bogota: Instituto Distrital de las Artes, Idartes, 397 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-58548-721-5

PDF available for free
Diskursus Kebijakan Pembangunan
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Sambodo Maxensius Tri , Firdaus Nur ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Buhaerah Pihri , Ermawati Tuti , Handoyo Felix Wisnu
Published: March 2021

Dalam kondisi Wabah Covid-19 yang masih kita hadapi, diperlukan cara pandang yang semakin holistik dan integratif dalam mencermati setiap persoalan ekonomi. Kegagalan dalam mencermati akar persoalan ekonomi sangat berpotensi membawa perekonomian dalam situasi resesi yang berkepanjangan. Dalam situasi ketidakpastian yang tinggi dan masalah informasi asimetris, kendala terbesar yang dihadapi setiap pembuat kebijakan adalah besarnya risiko kegagalan dalam memformulasikan resep kebijakan yang sesuai (goverment failure). Permasalahan akan semakin kompleks bila termanifestasikan pada kegagalan pembuat kebijakan di tingkat korporasi. Buku ini dapat memberikan inspirasi bagi para pembaca dan juga pengambil kebijakan dalam melakukan penataan pembangunan di era ‘new normal’.
Consumer housing values and prejudices against living in wooden homes in the Nordic region
Authors: Lähtinen Katja , Häyrinen Liina , Roos Anders , Toppinen Anne , Aguilar Cabezas Francisco , Thorsen Bo , Hujala Teppo , Nyrud Anders , Hoen Hans
Published: March 2021

So far, consumer housing values have not been addressed as factors affecting the market diffusion potential of multi-storey wood building (MSWB). To fill the void, this study addresses different types of consumer housing values in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (i.e., Nordic region), and whether they affect the likelihood of prejudices against building with wood in the housing markets. The data collected in 2018 from 2191 consumers in the Nordic region were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and logistic binary regression analysis. According to the results, consumersâ perceptions on ecological sustainability, material usage and urban lifestyle were similar in all countries, while country-specific differences were detected for perceptions on aesthetics and natural milieus. In all countries, appreciating urban lifestyle and living in attractive neighborhoods with good reputation increased the likelihood of prejudices against wood building, while appreciation of aesthetics and natural milieus decreased the likelihood of prejudices. In strengthening the demand for MSWB and sustainable urbanization through actions in businesses (e.g., branding) and via public policy support (e.g., land zoning), few messages derive from the results. In all, abreast with the already existing knowledge on the supply side factors (e.g., wood building innovations), more customized information is needed on the consumer-driven issues affecting the demand potential of MSWB in the housing markets. This would enable, e.g., both enhancing the supply of wooden homes for consumers appreciating urban lifestyle and neighborhoods and fortifying positive image of wood among consumers especially appreciating good architecture and pleasant environmental milieus.
STUDY OF THE SORPTION ABILITY OF NATURAL SORBENTS ISOLATED FROM THE CAMPSIS RADICANS
Authors: Bzhikhatlova Madina Anatol'yevna , Mykots Lidiya Petrovna , Tukhovskaya Nina Aleksandrovna , Andreyeva Ol'ga Andreyevna
Published: March 2021

Currently, more and more chemical additives are used in food products, which leads to the accumulation of harmful substances in the body. Therefore, it is relevant to search for new substances of natural origin with detoxification properties. The aim of the work was to determine the sorption ability of pectin substances and water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from the leaves and flowers of the campsis radicans. By the method of N.K. Kochetkova and M. Sinner isolated polysaccharides from water-borne campsis leaves and flowers: water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin, hemicellulose A and hemicellulose B. The adsorption capacity of pectins and water-soluble polysaccharides was studied on the basis of their complexing properties with respect to lead ions. The determination of their content in the raffinate was carried out by titration with a solution of sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate disubstituted. To evaluate the nature of the sorbent, the calculated Langmuir and Freindlich equations were used. A study of the sorption ability of polysaccharides isolated from leaves of the campsis radicans showed the presence of a high binding ability of Pb2+ ions in pectin substances was associated with 54.2%, and in water-soluble polysaccharides – 37.5%. Polysaccharides isolated from the flowers of the campsis radicans showed sorption activity in the ratio: pectin substances – 32.6%, water-soluble polysaccharides – 80.1%.

The expressed complexing ability of the studied polysaccharides with respect to lead ions was revealed. The ratio of the experimental and calculated data on the values of the adsorption of lead ions showed that the sorption process is largely subordinate to the Langmuir equation. Pectic substances and water-soluble polysaccharides obtained from the leaves and flowers of the campsis radicans can be considered as effective detoxifiers. Further study of the physicochemical properties will make it possible to assess the possibility of their biomedical use.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF EXPRESS PROCEDURE FOR ISOLATION AND QUANTITATIVE DE-TERMINATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM HIGH DEVISIL ROOTS
Authors: Dyakova Nina Alekseyevna , Gaponov Sergey Petrovich , Slivkin Aleksey Ivanovich
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to develop and validate an express procedure for the isolation and quantification of water-soluble polysaccharides from high devisyl roots (Ínula helenium L.). In order to accelerate the process of extracting biologically active substances from the roots of high devisil, as well as to increase the yield of water-soluble polysaccharides, it was decided to use an ultrasonic bath. By varying the process parameters, it was possible to select optimal extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides of high-grade roots under ultrasound treatment conditions: raw material grinding 0.5–1.0 mm, temperature – 80 °C, extraction multiplicity – 3, extraction duration – 15 min, ultrasound frequency – 35 kHz, ratio of raw material to extractor 1 g per 15 ml. The proposed technique allows to intensify the process of preparing polysaccharides water-soluble from roots high and to reduce the time spent on it up to 4-5 hours, as well as to increase the yield of the product up to 31.6% in terms of absolutely dry raw materials. The developed method is precise under the conditions of repeatability, correct, stable and has a rather strict linear dependence of the sediment mass on the analysed raw material mass at gravimetric determination of polysaccharides water-soluble in the roots of high devisil. The technique can be used for express analysis of high devasil roots quality, as well as for industrial production of water-soluble polysaccharides from this kind of raw material.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN THE LEAVES OF MYRTUS COMMUNIS
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Alexandrovich , Khusainova Aliya Il'yasovna , Kurkina Anna Vladimirovna , Bakova Nadezhda Nikolayevna , Bakova Ekaterina Yur'yevna
Published: March 2021

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is an evergreen plant, a small tree or shrub endemic to the Mediterranean region. In the area of growth since ancient times, various parts (berries, fruits and leaves) of myrtle are used in folk medicine. The therapeutic properties of varies parts of the myrtle can be caused with different biologically active compounds, such as terpenoids (α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, geranyl acetate, linalool, limonene, trans-myrtanol acetate), polyphenolic compounds named flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, myrtocommulones etc. At present time the myrtle is successfully cultivated in the coastal zone of the southern coast of Crimea. We studied samples of leaves of myrtle, harvested in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The optimal conditions for the extraction of flavonoids from the leaves of were determined. It was established that the appropriate extragent for this raw material is 80% ethanol. The extraction time is 90 min, the ratio of "raw material-extragent" is 1 : 50. The method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the total flavonoids (calculated on rutin) in the leaves of myrtle by the method of differential spectrophotometry, at an analytical wavelength of 414 nm. Using the developed methodic, a number of samples of the myrtle leaves were analyzed, and it was established that the content of the total flavonoids in the leaves of myrtle varies from 2.48±0.08% to 3.64±0.12% (calculated on rutin) .
THE ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS SILICA FROM STRAW AND RICE HUSK
Authors: Arefieva Ol'ga Dmitriyevna , Pirogovskaya Polina Dmitriyevna , Panasenko Aleksandr Yevgen'yevich , Kovekhova Anna Vasil'yevna , Zemnukhova Lyudmila Alekseyevna
Published: March 2021

The present work shows results of studying acid-base properties of the surface by the methods of pH-metry and Hammett of amorphous silicon dioxide from rice husks and straw obtained by various schemes: oxidative firing; oxidative roasting with preliminary treatment with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution; precipitation from alkaline solutions. The samples obtained by the thermal method contain impurities of alkali, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, and aluminum and practically do not contain water. The composition of the deposited samples contains a small fraction of impurities (0.05%) and water - from 8.2 to 10.2%. The pH value of an aqueous suspension of silicon dioxide has a neutral, alkaline or acidic environment depending on the content of impurities of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Distribution of acid-base centers on the surface of the samples is nonmonotonic and heterogeneous, and manifests itself in discreteness with a fairly clear differentiation of sorption bands with maxima of different intensities corresponding to a certain pKa value. Distribution curves of the adsorption centers of the indicators on the surface of the samples of amorphous silicon dioxide are similar to each other. There are four types of active centers on their surface: acidic Lewis (pKa + 16.80), Bransted main (pKa +7.15 and +9.45) and acid (pKa + 2.50). The number of active centers depends on the preparation scheme and is determined by the content of impurity elements and water in the oxide samples.
CONTENT OF ANTHOCYANINS IN THE BARK OF FRUIT AND BERRY PLANTS DUE TO ADAPTION TO LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: Goncharovska Inna Valerievna , Levon Vladimir Fedorovych
Published: March 2021

The most important indicator of adaptability cultivar is the winter hardiness of wood. In adverse conditions of autumn-winter period trees of many cultivars may be severely damaged and even die. At the same time, in the process of evolution, a system of adaptive reactions is formed that are associated with a deep change in metabolism and is determined by the speed and depth of its change without violating the consistency between individual functions, so that the unity of the organism and the environment is not violated. This, ultimately, determines the vital activity of the body and its endurance. At this stage of the study, it is shown how plants react to lower temperatures by changing the color of sprouts and accumulating anthocyanins. The aim of the work was to determine the winter hardiness of different cultivars of fruit plants based on physiological processes. Cultivars Malus domestica 'Era' and M. domestica 'Vydubytska plakucha' were isolated in the presence of the largest accumulation of secondary metabolites in their generative organs – 378.18–273.33 mg/100 g of dry matter, that is, they are the most plastic before adapting to abiotic factors. The Ribes uva-crispa 'Hamamekii' and Viburnum opulus genotypes with the lowest overall quantity of anthocyanins were 75.79–67.37 mg/100 g of dry matter. Based on the results of the analysis found that the highest content of anthocyanins in the cultivar Everest, and the lowest – cultivar John.
THE USE OF ONION PEEL EXTRACT TO INHIBIT THE THERMAL OXIDATION OF POLYETHYLENE
Authors: Vorobyova Elena Valer'yevna , Prikhodko Elena Leonidovna
Published: March 2021

The paper studies experimentally the antioxidant activity of onion peel acetone extracts of three varieties (Albion F1, Kaba, Red Baron) in the inhibition process of polyethylene thermal oxidation. The onion varieties differ in the color of their surface scales (colorless (white onion), yellow-orange (yellow onion), red (red onion)) and in the antioxidant properties of their extracts: red onion> yellow onion >> white onion. The results correspond to the mass of the extracted substances. A different sequence of onion varieties has been obtained in terms of the inhibitory effectiveness of their extracts: yellow onion> red onion >> white onion. The comparison of the extracted onion peel extracts with the industrial antioxidant Irganox 1010 in terms of inhibitory efficiency has been carried out. The paper presents and analyzes the IR spectra of the extracts.
An increase in the extraction time from 24 hours to 56 days leads to an increase in the antioxidant properties of the extracts of all three varieties, but an increase in the inhibition efficiency is noted only for Albion F1 onion peel extract. In Red Baron and Kaba varieties, the main part of biologically active substances with antioxidant action is extracted from the peel into acetone during the first days of extraction.
FLAVONOIDS OF THE EAST ASIAN SPECIES SERRATULA MANSHURICA KITAG.
Authors: Myagchilov Aleksey Viktorovich , Sokolova Larisa Ivanovna , Gorovoy Petr Grigor'yevich
Published: March 2021

One of the poorly studied and widespread plants in the Russian Far East is the Manchurian saw-wort (Serratula manshurica Kitag.). It is known that this plant is rich in phytoecdysteroids, which have high biological activity (anabolic, adaptogenic, cardiotropic, immunomodulatory effects). Two biologically active compounds of the flavonoid class were isolated from the aerial part of Serratula manshurica Kitag. Growing in the Primorsky Kray of the Far East of Russia by liquid extraction and recrystallization methods: quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside. The structure of the isolated compounds was proved by UV-, NMR-spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. The quantitative content of flavonoids in the aerial part of the Serratula manshurica plant in different phenological phases of plant development (luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, 3-methylquercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin, apigenin, 3-methylquercetin, luteolin, isokaempferide) was determined by the method of reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). It was shown that the maximum content of flavonoid aglycones in plants was observed during the beginning of the growing season and in the budding phase, and their glycosides - during the flowering phase. Thus, to obtain plant material with the maximum content of flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, 3-methylquercetin, luteolin) the collection of vegetative mass should be carried out during the beginning of the growing season, and their glycosides - during the flowering period. Serratula manshurica Kitag., which grows abundantly on the territory of Primorsky Krai, can be considered a constantly renewable and promising source for obtaining flavonoids.
STUDY OF THE PROCESS EXTRACTION OF HYPERICIN FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF HYPERICUM SCABRUM AND HYPERICUM PERFORATUM
Authors: Abduraxmanov Baxtiyar Alimovich , Khalilov Ravshanjon Muratjanovich , Sotimov Gairat Bakhtiyorovich
Published: March 2021

The process extraction of hypericin from the aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum and Hypericum perforatum was studied. On the basis results research, the following extraction conditions were established: extractant – 80% ethanol, particle size of raw material – no more than 8 mm and process temperature – 20–40 °C. By the method of mathematical planning of the experiment according to Box-Wilson, the extraction conditions were determined, which ensure the extraction of hypericin from the raw material with a yield of 95%. Proposed a five-fold extraction of hypericin from the aerial parts of H. scabrum and H. perforatum with the necessary infusion at the first contact of the phases – 6 hours, at the second – 5 hours, at the third and fourth – 4 hours and at the fifth – 2 hours. The proposed a united technology for obtaining a «Dry extract of Hypericum» from the aerial parts of H. perforatum and H. scabrum. The proposed conditions for the extraction of hypericin were tested at the Technology center for GMP requirements by the Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, of the Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan. More than 500.0 kg of the substance «Dry extract of Hypericum» adequate of Technical Conditions 03535440-022: 2016 has been produced.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS (ROSACEAE) GROWING IN EASTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Shishmareva Tat'yana Mikhaylovna , Shishmarev Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich , Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich
Published: March 2021

The present work aimed at the study of the phenolic compounds of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae) growing in Eastern Siberia. The quantitative content of flavonoids in S. officinalis extracts determined by the spectrophotometric method was 0.68–5.41% in herb and 0.20–0.51% in rhizomes and roots. Catechin content was 0.05–0.75% in herb and 0.08–9.86% in rhizomes and roots, and procyanidin content found with spectrophotometric Porter method was 0.02–1.45% in herb and 0.08–1.05% in rhizomes and roots. Regression analysis of the relationships “latitude / longitude / altitude – phenolic compounds content” showed the high values of the correlation coefficient for the catechin content in herb and roots of S. officinalis and the longitude of the place of growth, as well as altitude. The content of flavonoids in the herb and roots of S. officinalis was connected with the longitude and latitude of the collection place. The values of procyanidin content in S. officinalis organs and geographic indicators have fewer relationships. Using the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method, chromatographic profiles of the herb and rhizomes and roots of S. officinalis was investigated. The data of chromatographic mobility, UV and mass spectra allowed estimating 52 compounds, including 45 in herb and 31 in rhizomes and roots. The members of seven groups of phenolic compounds have been found in S. officinalis, including gallotannins, flavonol-O-glycosides, procyanidins, ellagotannins, hydroxycinnamates, catechins, and pyrones, of which 12 are previously described for the species and the presence of 40 components, has been shown for the first time in the species.