bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The self‐concept questionnaire offers a multidimensional, developmentally sensitive measure of the capacity for self‐reflection in young children
Authors: Goncharova Yaroslava , Ross Josephine
Published: September 2023

Several existing instruments measure development in the content and complexity of young children's self‐knowledge, but few measure development in the process of self‐reflection. This study aimed to provide a cross‐sectional replication and longitudinal extension of the self‐concept questionnaire (SCQ), exploring the factor structure and developmental onset patterns proposed in the original paper. We collected parental reports and conceptually replicated the factor structure of the SCQ for 199 participants aged between 14 and 54 months using confirmatory factor analysis. Our data suggest that autonomy first develops at ~14–17 months, followed by self‐recognition at ~18–21 months, and self‐description/evaluation and emotional response to wrongdoing at ~26–30 months. Contrary to the original scale, we did not find a clear developmental distinction between the onsets of cognitive and emotional self‐evaluation. We can conclude that the SCQ factor structure is conceptually replicable and sensitive to developments in the self‐system across infancy to early childhood. The SCQ may, therefore, offer a useful alternative or addition to the widely used mirror mark test of self‐recognition when measuring the development of self‐reflective abilities in young children.
Registration‐enhanced multiple instance learning for cervical cancer whole slide image classification
Authors: He Qiming , Wang Chengjiang , Zeng Siqi , Liang Zhendong , Duan Hufei , Yang Jingying , Pan Feiyang , He Yonghong , Huang Wenting , Guan Tian
Published: September 2023

Histopathological diagnosis is the golden standard for cancer diagnosis and grading. The past decade has witnessed great successes of vision‐based deep learning in computer‐aided cancer diagnosis. However, fully‐supervised methods require collecting large amounts of annotated data, which is a major challenge. In this research, we propose RMIL, a novel registration‐enhanced multiple instance learning pipeline, for cervical cancer biopsy grading of whole slide images as well as patch‐level regions. It requires only slide‐level annotations and a small amount of patch‐level annotations for training. To enhance it, an efficient registration method is implemented to generate more labeled patches with discriminative local features as data augmentations. In addition, attention mechanisms and self‐supervised learning are introduced to enhance feature extraction. Experiments showed that its classification accuracy is increased by 11.11%, compared to the vanilla multiple instance learning methods. The method has great potential for transferring to other scenarios.
Benzimidazole and piperidine containing novel 1,2,3‐triazole hybrids as anti‐infective agents: Design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro antimicrobial efficacy
Authors: Mendapara Jigarkumar V. , Vaghasiya Mahesh D. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Ahmad Iqrar , Patel Harun , Kumari Premlata
Published: September 2023

Cu alkyne‐azide cycloaddition was used to easily synthesize a library of novel heterocycles containing benzimidazole and piperidine based 1,2,3‐triazole(7a–7l) derivatives. The synthesized analogs were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like FTIR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. All these novel bioactive compounds (7a–7l) were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Compound 7k exhibited appreciable potent activity against Escherichia coli strain. Compounds 7a, 7b, 7f, and 7i showed excellent potent activity against all bacterial strains. Compound 7b, 7c, 7d, and 7g derivatives showed excellent effects when tested in vitro for antifungal activity against various fungal strains. Additionally, a molecular docking investigation revealed that compound 7k has the ability to bind to the active site of the E. coli DNA gyrase subunit protein and form hydrogen bonds with significant amino acid residues Asp73 and Asp49 in the active sites. In a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation, the E. coli DNA gyrase protein's steady capacity to bind compound 7k was shown by the low measured root mean square deviation, which was an indication of the complex's conformational stability.
Counseling Military Populations: A Content Analysis of Counseling Journals From 1998 to 2018
Authors: Prosek Elizabeth A. , Burgin Elizabeth E.
Published: September 2023

Mental health scholarship of military populations is largely guided by researchers in psychiatry and psychology. Recent advocacy efforts have created increased opportunities for professional counselors to serve military clients, but the research within the profession has yet to be explored. A content analysis of 23 professional counseling journals from June 1998 to June 2018 was conducted to determine military population research trends. Findings indicated that counselors are researching topics similar to those of other mental health fields, such as posttraumatic stress, but are contributing to those topics conceptually rather than empirically. Topical areas in which counselors do produce more empirical studies include career counseling, and these studies relied on college student veteran populations. Suggestions for incorporating the philosophical principles of counseling into future research are provided to inform the trajectory of military scholarship in the profession.
Conversion of lignite fly ash into synthetic zeolite by hydrothermal, fusion‐hydrothermal, and hydrothermal‐sonochemical processes
Authors: Kastanaki Eleni , Rovithi Anastasia , Iatrou Eleftheria , Stratakis Antonis , Giannis Apostolos
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was the conversion of calcareous lignite fly ash (LFA) into synthetic zeolite by hydrothermal, fusion‐hydrothermal, and hydrothermal‐sonochemical processes.

METHOD

Experiments were carried out using raw and washed (5 N HCl) fly ash. Initially, the fractional factorial experimental design was used to plan the hydrothermal experiments and assess the process parameters, such as solid to liquid ratio (S/L), silica to aluminum oxide ratio (SiO2/Al2O3), calcium oxide content (% CaO), time, and temperature of the hydrothermal process. The optimized conditions were then applied to a two‐stage fusion‐hydrothermal process, while the influence of sonication on the conversion efficiency was tested before and after the hydrothermal process. Mineralogical analysis was performed by x‐ray diffractometer (XRD) to detect zeolite formation. Further characterization was conducted by x‐ray fluorescence (XRF), specific surface area, and laser particle analysis to assess process efficiency.

RESULTS AND DISCUSION

The results indicated the formation of four types of zeolite crystals. The washed LFA (wLFA) yielded the maximum zeolite yield when it was hydrothermally treated for 6 h at 150 °C, S/L = 1:2, and SiO2/Al2O3 = 6.3. In such conditions, phillipsite was synthesized at 27%. The yield of phillipsite zeolite was improved to 32% when the hydrothermal process was followed by a 30 min sonication process. At the same processing conditions, the use of raw LFA produced 72% crystalline tobermorite. The hydrothermal‐late sonication process can effectively convert waste fly ash into valuable products. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Contribution of microorganisms from pit mud to volatile flavor compound synthesis in fermented grains for nongxiangxing baijiu brewing
Authors: Wang Shuanghui , Li Zijian , Huang Dan , Luo Huibo
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Nongxiangxing baijiu (NB) is known for its distinct flavor profile, which is attributed to key aroma compounds. The exposed fermentation technique, utilizing daqu and solid‐state fermentation in pit muds, plays a crucial role in flavor development. Though previous studies have investigated the impact of microorganisms from pit ?ud and fermented grains on flavor compound production, a comprehensive understanding of microbial functions in the entire pit fermentation system is lacking. Herein, we aimed to explore the role of pit‐mud‐derived microorganisms in shaping the microbial community and flavor compound synthesis in NB.

RESULTS

There are 76 volatile flavor compounds that have been identified in fermented grains during NB fermentation. The main flavor compounds in NB clustered within the same network module, and 27.27% of microorganisms in the core modules of the fermented grain co‐occurrence network originated from pit mud. The relationship between pit mud microorganisms and flavor compounds revealed a significant positive correlation (92%). Notably, Prevotella and Sarocladium were identified as the main contributors to this effect on flavor.

CONCLUSION

Microorganisms originating from pit mud influenced the composition and activity of microorganisms in fermented grains and facilitated the production of flavor compounds in NB. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Valorisation of prawn/shrimp shell waste through the production of biologically active components for functional food purposes
Authors: Tkaczewska Joanna , Kulawik Piotr , Jamróz Ewelina , Čagalj Martina , Matas Roberta Frleta , Šimat Vida
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The aim of the work was to develop a technology for using waste from prawn and shrimp processing as a source of active ingredients that could be used in the promotion of healthy foods. From fresh and freeze‐dried prawn and shrimp shells, protein hydrolysates (carotenoproteins) were obtained using two different enzymes, Flavourzyme and Protamex.

RESULTS

The obtained hydrolysates were characterised in terms of protein content, degree of hydrolysis, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The hydrolysate with the best antioxidant properties (FRAP value of 2933.33 μmol L−1 TE; ORAC value of 115.58 μmol L−1 TE) was selected and tested for its possible use as a component of functional foods. Molecular weight distribution, amino acid profile and free amino acids, the solubility of the hydrolysate in different pH ranges as well as foaming ability were determined. It was found that this hydrolysate was characterised by an amino acid profile with high nutritional value, flavour enhancement properties and excellent solubility in a wide pH range (from 97.06% to 100%). Afterward, the possibility of using carotenoproteins from prawn waste as a component of an emulsion with furcellaran and a lipid preparation of astaxanthin, taken from post‐hydrolysate production waste, was investigated. The obtained complexes were stable as proved by the measurement of zeta potential (ζ = −23.87 and −22.32 to −27.79 mV).

CONCLUSION

It is possible to produce stable complexes of the hydrolysate with furcellaran and to emulsify a lipid preparation of astaxanthin, obtained from waste following production of the hydrolysate, in them. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Transforming scholarly communications: The part played by the pandemic and the contribution of early career researchers
Authors: Nicholas David , Herman Eti , Boukacem‐Zeghmouri Cherifa , Rodríguez‐Bravo Blanca , Watkinson Anthony , Abrizah Abdullah , Świgoń Marzena , Xu Jie , Sims David , Serbina Galina , Clark David , Jamali Hamid. R. , Tenopir Carol , Allard Suzie
Published: September 2023

Investigates whether junior researchers believe that the scholarly communication system is changing in a significant way, whether they have contributed to the changes they envisaged, whether the pandemic has fast‐forwarded change and what they thought a transformed system might look like. The data are drawn from the Harbingers‐2 project, which investigated the impact of the pandemic on the scholarly communications attitudes and behaviours of early career researchers (ECRs), employing repeat interviewing with around 170 science and social science junior researchers from eight countries. The article focuses on the findings of the last of three rounds of interviews, with comparisons made with the first round, held 18 months earlier, when the pandemic was most active. A majority of ECRs thought that there had been significant changes in the scholarly system, and a large minority thought that the pandemic was responsible. Most of them wanted a system that was more open in terms of open access and open data, with a third taking personal action to bring about change.
Enhancing journal reputation and academic socialization: Review feedback matters beyond its gatekeeping function
Authors: Jiang Xiaohua , Wang Di
Published: September 2023

Within the large body of literature on the peer review system for academic journals, there has been limited exploration of the latent functions of review feedback beyond its gatekeeping role. To address this gap, we conducted in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 20 Chinese university academics specializing in educational studies. By applying the conceptual frameworks of organizational reputation and academic socialization, we investigated the multifaceted functions of review feedback. Our findings suggest that timely, specific, and constructive feedback are highly valued by Chinese university academics, and journals that provide such review feedback are perceived to possess a higher reputation and are more likely to attract high‐quality submissions. Additionally, Chinese academics see the process of review and revision as a means of professional development since specific and constructive review feedback can lead them to deeper thinking and improve their knowledge of academic norms in their community. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of effective review feedback considering its function of fostering the socialization and professional development of academics while promoting the prosperity of the academic community as a whole.
Can the principle of the ‘right to be forgotten’ be applied to academic publishing? Probe from the perspective of personal rights, archival science, open science and post‐publication peer review
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Nazarovets Serhii
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we reflect on how the principle of the ‘right to be forgotten’ (RTBF), specifically the right to erasure as enshrined in Article 17 (and to some extent Art. 19 and Art. 21) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR; Regulation (EU) 2016/679), or the right to delete undesirable, unflattering or reputation‐damaging archived records of oneself from search engines or databases, might apply to academic publishing. In particular, we focus on archival (library and information) science, post‐publication peer review, and reflect on whether RTBF is compatible with open science principles. Even though RTBF became enshrined in EU law in 2018, its trans‐Atlantic export to the United States faces resistance because it is seen as being incompatible with First Amendment rights. We ponder the pertinence of the debate regarding local versus global applicability of RTBF when considering the transnational nature of some collaborative research. Although RTBF applies broadly to search engines such as Google, we question whether authors have this right and also whether publishers are subjected to this law with respect to science databases, or even ‘local’ (i.e., publisher‐controlled) archives, especially in the light of retractions or withdrawals, in which data and files are removed from a preprint or journal's website or, in extreme cases, where all or most bibliometric information is scrubbed clean, as in the case of ‘silent retractions’. We extend our reflections further to appreciate whether authors or editors are entitled to RTBF in extreme instances of misconduct or fraud. The fundamental right to privacy and personal choice, as is suggested by (or enshrined in) RTBF, is not—in our view—compatible with several principles related to the integrity of data and information, or even their preservation, and may be diametrically opposed, depending on the situation. We encourage wider debate on this budding pertinent issue as a fundamental aspect of academic rights and freedoms.
Diverse and variable community structure of picophytoplankton across the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Gale John , Sweeney Carey , Paver Sara , Coleman Maureen L. , Thompson Anne W.
Published: September 2023

The Laurentian Great Lakes provide economic support to millions of people, drive biogeochemical cycling, and are an important natural laboratory for characterizing the fundamental components of aquatic ecosystems. Small phytoplankton are important contributors to the food web in much of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Here, for the first time, we reveal and quantify eight phenotypically distinct picophytoplankton populations across the Lakes using a multilaser flow cytometry approach, which distinguishes cells based on their pigment phenotype. The distributions and diversity of picophytoplankton flow populations varied across lakes and depths, with Lake Erie standing out with the highest diversity. By sequencing sorted cells, we identified several distinct lineages of Synechococcales spanning Subclusters 5.2 and 5.3. Distinct genotypic clusters mapped to phenotypically similar flow populations, suggesting that there may not be a clear one‐to‐one mapping between genotypes and phenotypes. This suggests genome‐level differentiation between lakes but some degree of phenotypic convergence in pigment characteristics. Our results demonstrate that ecological selection for locally adapted populations may outpace homogenization by physical transport in this interconnected system. Given the reliance of the Lakes on in situ primary production as a source for organic carbon, this work sets the foundation to test how the community structure of small primary producers corresponds to biogeochemical and food web functions of the Great Lakes and other freshwater systems.
Lightwave‐Driven Long‐Wavelength Photomultipliers
Authors: Lange Simon J. , Buchmann Tobias O. , Sebek Matej , Welsch Malte L. , Kelleher Edmund J. R. , Kawai Naoya , Takahashi Hisanari , Katsuyama Kota , Jepsen Peter U.
Published: September 2023

A novel lightwave‐driven detector that combines photomultiplier tube (PMT) technology with structured metasurfaces is presented to enable efficient detection of long‐wavelength radiation in the mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) to terahertz (THz) range. This overcomes the limitations of conventional PMT technology, which cannot efficiently detect wavelengths longer than 1.7 m. The approach utilizes the long‐wavelength radiation's instantaneous electric field to facilitate field‐driven electron emission from metasurfaces, which allows it to cover the entire THz to mid‐IR range by geometric scaling. This enables a novel class of lightwave‐driven detectors with the benefits and performance characteristics known from the established PMT technology, such as fast response times and low noise, while expanding the operational wavelength range vastly. It is shown that the amount of field‐emitted electrons depends on the THz electric field in a highly nonlinear manner, generally following the Fowler–Nordheim relation. Furthermore, the THz‐PMT can determine specific lightwave characteristics of the incident field, including its peak field strength and absolute polarity, due to its sensitivity to the sign of the electric field. With a field sensitivity as low as a few kV cm−1, the THz‐PMTs provide a versatile tool for high sensitivity detection across various fields of interest in science and technology.
Curvature estimates for spacelike graphic hypersurfaces in Lorentz–Minkowski space R1n+1$\mathbb {R}^{n+1}_{1}$
Authors: Gao Ya , Li Jie , Mao Jing , Xie Zhiqi
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we can obtain curvature estimates for spacelike admissible graphic hypersurfaces in the ‐dimensional Lorentz–Minkowski space , and through which the existence of spacelike admissible graphic hypersurfaces, with prescribed 2‐nd Weingarten curvature and Dirichlet boundary data, defined over a strictly convex domain in the hyperbolic plane of center at origin and radius 1, can be proven.
Improving consistency classification: An innovative benchmark‐based approach for the AHP
Authors: Bose Amarnath
Published: September 2023

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a cornerstone of multi‐criteria decision analysis, enabling well‐informed choices across diverse contexts. This paper introduces an original benchmark‐based framework designed to enhance the precision of consistency classification for pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs) within the AHP methodology. This innovative approach quantifies the discrepancy between a given PCM and its benchmark matrix, comprising comparison ratios that faithfully reflect the relative preferences encapsulated within principal eigenvector values, thereby capturing the true degree of coherence. To ensure benchmark alignment with human perception, elements of the benchmark PCM are further rounded to the nearest values on the Fundamental Scale. The potency of our framework derives from two pivotal factors: the inherent Priority Preference Range within the principal eigenvector and the order of the PCM. Statistical thresholds for consistency are established using a technique based on simulated, logical PCMs, proposed by Bose [2022]. This rigorous method ensures an unbiased, objective and pragmatic evaluation of consistency, eliminating the subjectivity inherent in arbitrary thresholds based on random PCMs. Our approach rectifies the inconsistencies in the conventional CR method that yields false positives for PCMs of orders 3 and 4, and false negatives for higher orders. By harnessing customized benchmarks and eschewing random matrices, our framework systematically confronts the inherent consistency challenges within AHP, thus enhancing its decision‐making capability. The practical utility of our approach is aptly demonstrated through AHPtools, an R‐based library package designed to showcase our novel consistency evaluation method. The demonstration of the package in Appendix B will facilitate readers to easily apply our methodology to real‐world PCM classification scenarios within the AHP. In conclusion, our benchmark‐based framework heralds a transformative era in consistency classification within the AHP, empowering real‐world multi‐criteria decision‐making with unprecedented precision and reliability, and ushering in a new paradigm of informed and astute outcomes.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets
Authors: Yang Jiaxing , Zhang Laiying , Qiao Wenliang , Luo Youfu
Published: September 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in the 21st century, especially due to drug resistance, coinfection with diseases like immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease 2019, and the lengthy and costly treatment protocols. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of TB infection, therapeutic targets, and corresponding modulators, including first‐line medications, current clinical trial drugs and molecules in preclinical assessment. Understanding the mechanisms ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection and important biological targets can lead to innovative treatments. While most antitubercular agents target pathogen‐related processes, host‐directed therapy (HDT) modalities addressing immune defense, survival mechanisms, and immunopathology also hold promise.Mtb’s adaptation to the human host involves manipulating host cellular mechanisms, and HDT aims to disrupt this manipulation to enhance treatment effectiveness. Our review provides valuable insights for future anti‐TB drug development efforts.
Complex reconstruction of the clavicle with a prefabricated medial femur condyle chimeric flap including a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap: A case report
Authors: Giesen Thomas , Costa Francesco , Fritsche Elmar
Published: September 2023

The medial femur condyle (MFC) cortico‐periosteal flap is a popular flap for bone reconstruction. The use of a chimeric version of this flap with a skin island has been described, but anatomical arterial variation can occur that prevent its harvest. Furthermore, the donor area of the skin paddle has been debated as poor because of the scarring in a visible area and because of the difficulty in obtaining pliable thin skin. We present a fabricated chimeric MFC cortico‐periosteal flap joined with a superficial inferior epigastric perforator (SCIP) flap to reconstruct and augment a sclerotic and insufficient small clavicula with the skin paddle acting as a monitor and as a substitute for the overlying skin. A 52‐year‐old female patient had a history of multiple refractures of the right hypoplastic clavicle with a diameter of 7 mm, resulting in a sclerotic bone with a fibrotic scar. The reconstruction was done in one surgical session using a cortico‐periosteal flap from the left medial condyle and a thin SCIP flap from the left groin. The area of the clavicle to be reconstructed was 3 cm, and the direct overlying skin (approximately 6 × 3 cm) was severely scarred and painful. The MFC flap was 5 × 4 cm, while the SCIP flap was 7 × 3.5 cm. The SCIP flap artery was anastomosed on the table end‐to‐side to the descending genicular (DG) artery of the MFC, and the vein was anastomosed end‐to‐end to a comitans vein of the DG artery. The flap fully survived after an initial congestion. At 12 months, we observed a satisfactory reconstruction of the clavicle with an enhanced diameter of 12 mm. The patient recovered full function of the shoulder with no pain. Using a fabricated chimeric flap composed of a medial femoral condyle and a superficial circumflex artery perforator flap may be an additional option for tailored reconstruction of complex osteo‐cutaneous defect of clavicle.
Urolithin A Protects Neuronal Cells against Stress Damage and Apoptosis by Atp2a3 Inhibition
Authors: Xiao Yao , Li Kailin , Bian Ji , Zhang Yao , Li Jia , Liu Hang , Ye Yingzhi , Han Lin , Gong Lan , Wang Min
Published: September 2023

Scope

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Urolithin A (UA) on neuronal stress damage on cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model induced by high‐fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ).

Methods and results

T2DM mice fed with UA display an attenuated cognitive impairment along with suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Tau hyperphosphorylation in brain. Similar restraint effect of UA on Tau hyperphosphorylation and ER stress is also observed in high glucose‐treated primary hippocampal neurons. Moreover, UA ameliorates oxidative stress, ER stress, aberrant energy metabolism, and apoptosis in 2,3‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (DMNQ) induced HT22 cells. Atp2a3 is identified as a potential target gene of UA which is closely related to intracellular calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and apoptosis, so that UA significantly down‐regulated Atp2a3 expression in DMNQ‐induced cells. Furthermore, the protection effect of UA against ER stress and apoptosis is abolished by Atp2a3 over‐expression in HT22 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that UA performs anti‐stress effect by suppressing the expression of Atp2a3 in damaged neuronal cells and thus attenuates diabetes‐associated cognitive impairment in T2DM mice.

Conclusion

The study implies UA as a potential novel pharmaceutic target for neurodegeneration and stress damage through regulating the expression of Atp2a3.
Contrast‐agent‐based perfusion MRI code repository and testing framework: ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI)
Authors: van Houdt Petra J , Ragunathan Sudarshan , Berks Michael , Ahmed Zaki , Kershaw Lucy E , Gurney‐Champion Oliver J , Tadimalla Sirisha , Arvidsson Jonathan , Sun Yu , Kallehauge Jesper , Dickie Ben , Lévy Simon , Bell Laura , Sourbron Steven , Thrippleton Michael J ,   on behalf of the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Software has a substantial impact on quantitative perfusion MRI values. The lack of generally accepted implementations, code sharing and transparent testing reduces reproducibility, hindering the use of perfusion MRI in clinical trials. To address these issues, the ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI) aimed to establish a community‐led, centralized repository for sharing open‐source code for processing contrast‐based perfusion imaging, incorporating an open‐source testing framework.

Methods

A repository was established on the OSIPI GitHub website. Python was chosen as the target software language. Calls for code contributions were made to OSIPI members, the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group, and publicly via OSIPI websites. An automated unit‐testing framework was implemented to evaluate the output of code contributions, including visual representation of the results.

Results

The repository hosts 86 implementations of perfusion processing steps contributed by 12 individuals or teams. These cover all core aspects of DCE‐ and DSC‐MRI processing, including multiple implementations of the same functionality. Tests were developed for 52 implementations, covering five analysis steps. For T1 mapping, signal‐to‐concentration conversion and population AIF functions, different implementations resulted in near‐identical output values. For the five pharmacokinetic models tested (Tofts, extended Tofts‐Kety, Patlak, two‐compartment exchange, and two‐compartment uptake), differences in output parameters were observed between contributions.

Conclusions

The OSIPI DCE‐DSC code repository represents a novel community‐led model for code sharing and testing. The repository facilitates the re‐use of existing code and the benchmarking of new code, promoting enhanced reproducibility in quantitative perfusion imaging.
Improved reproducibility for myocardial ASL: Impact of physiological and acquisition parameters
Authors: Božić‐Iven Maša , Rapacchi Stanislas , Tao Qian , Pierce Iain , Thornton George , Nitsche Christian , Treibel Thomas A. , Schad Lothar R. , Weingärtner Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To investigate and mitigate the influence of physiological and acquisition‐related parameters on myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurements obtained with myocardial Arterial Spin Labeling (myoASL).

Methods

A Flow‐sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery (FAIR) myoASL sequence with bSSFP and spoiled GRE (spGRE) readout is investigated for MBF quantification. Bloch‐equation simulations and phantom experiments were performed to evaluate how variations in acquisition flip angle (FA), acquisition matrix size (AMS), heart rate (HR) and blood relaxation time () affect quantification of myoASL‐MBF. In vivo myoASL‐images were acquired in nine healthy subjects. A corrected MBF quantification approach was proposed based on subject‐specific values and, for spGRE imaging, subtracting an additional saturation‐prepared baseline from the original baseline signal.

Results

Simulated and phantom experiments showed a strong dependence on AMS and FA (>0.73), which was eliminated in simulations and alleviated in phantom experiments using the proposed saturation‐baseline correction in spGRE. Only a very mild HR dependence (>0.59) was observed which was reduced when calculating MBF with individual . For corrected spGRE, in vivo mean global spGRE‐MBF ranged from 0.54 to 2.59 mL/g/min and was in agreement with previously reported values. Compared to uncorrected spGRE, the intra‐subject variability within a measurement (0.60 mL/g/min), between measurements (0.45 mL/g/min), as well as the inter‐subject variability (1.29 mL/g/min) were improved by up to 40% and were comparable with conventional bSSFP.

Conclusion

Our results show that physiological and acquisition‐related factors can lead to spurious changes in myoASL‐MBF if not accounted for. Using individual and a saturation‐baseline can reduce these variations in spGRE and improve reproducibility of FAIR‐myoASL against acquisition parameters.
Evidence‐Based Medicine in Otolaryngology Part 16: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods—Contrasting and Complementary Approaches
Authors: Ikeda Allison K. , Suarez‐Goris Dany , Reich Amanda J. , Pattisapu Prasanth , Raol Nikhila P. , Randolph Gregory W. , Shin Jennifer J.
Published: September 2023

Qualitative methods have been increasingly applied in our literature, providing richness to data and incorporating the nuances of patient and family perspectives. These qualitative research techniques provide breadth and depth beyond what can be gleaned through quantitative methods alone. When both quantitative and qualitative approaches are coupled, their findings provide complementary information which can further substantiate study conclusions. We thus aim to provide insight into qualitative and quantitative methods in comparison and contrast to each other, as well as guidance on when each approach is most apt. In relation, we also describe mixed methods and the theory supporting their framework. In doing so, we provide the foundation for an ensuing, more detailed exposition of qualitative methods.
Drug Shortages and Otolaryngology
Authors: Esce Antoinette R. , Shuman Andrew G.
Published: September 2023

Every year in the United States, hundreds of shortages of life‐saving, essential drugs impact patients and health care workers. While otolaryngologists may be shielded from these relative to other specialties, there is still a significant clinical impact with potentially dangerous consequences. Shortages of local anesthetics lead to increased costs, labor demands, and risk of medical errors. Shortages of cisplatin and carboplatin, workhorses in head and neck oncology, may leave patients without proven alternative therapies. The economic and geopolitical challenges that provoke these shortages are well described. So too are potential solutions at the national, regional, and local levels. Otolaryngologists have a responsibility to contribute to coordinated responses to drug shortages to protect and advocate for their current and future patients.
Transferability of a discrepancy model for the dynamics of electromagnetic oscillating circuits
Authors: Wohlleben Meike , Muth Lars , Peitz Sebastian , Sextro Walter
Published: September 2023

Modelling of dynamic systems plays an important role in many engineering disciplines. Two different approaches are physical modelling and data‐driven modelling, both of which have their respective advantages and disadvantages. By combining these two approaches, hybrid models can be created in which the respective disadvantages are mitigated, with discrepancy models being a particular subclass. Here, the basic system behaviour is described physically, that is, in the form of differential equations. Inaccuracies resulting from insufficient modelling or numerics lead to a discrepancy between the measurements and the model, which can be compensated by a data‐driven error correction term. Since discrepancy methods still require a large amount of measurement data, this paper investigates the extent to which a single discrepancy model can be trained for a physical model with additional parameter dependencies without the need for retraining. As an example, a damped electromagnetic oscillating circuit is used. The physical model is realised by a differential equation describing the electric current, considering only inductance and capacitance; dissipation due to resistance is neglected. This creates a discrepancy between measurement and model, which is corrected by a data‐driven model. In the experiments, the inductance and the capacity are varied. It is found that the same data‐driven model can only be used if additional parametric dependencies in the data‐driven term are considered as well.
Prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide for treatment of high‐risk myeloid neoplasms in children: A retrospective study
Authors: Qi Shan‐shan , Chen Zhi , Du Yu , Sun Ming , Wang Zhuo , Long Fei , Luo Linlin , Xiong Hao
Published: September 2023

Background

Post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has been recommended for prevention of graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) following haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo‐HCT) for treatment of malignant blood diseases, but disease relapse remains a problem. Although donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is reported to be effective for treating post‐transplantation relapse, the efficacy and safety of prophylactic‐DLI (pro‐DLI) post haplo‐HCT, and PTCy in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies is unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 54 pediatric patients with high‐risk myeloid neoplasms who received a PTCy regimen for GvHD prophylaxis and pro‐DLI after haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The high‐risk myeloid neoplasms in this cohort included acute myeloid leukemia (n = 46) and myelodysplastic syndromes (n = 8).

Results

Median follow‐up was for 19.7 (range: 3.4–46.6) months. The cumulative incidences of grade II–IV and III–IV acute GvHD were 37.0% (95% CI: 22.7%–48.7%) and 16.7% (95% CI: 6.1%–26.0%), respectively. There were no graft‐failure events, and the 2‐year rate of moderate/severe chronic GvHD was 8.1% (95% CI: 0%–16.7%). The 2‐year non‐relapse mortality, relapse, disease‐free survival, GvHD‐free relapse‐free survival, and overall survival rates were 5.1% (95% CI: 0%–11.7%), 16.6% (95% CI: 5.3%–26.6%), 78.9% (95% CI: 68.0%–91.6%), 62.2% (95% CI: 49.4%–78.3%), and 87.3% (95% CI: 78.3%–97.4%), respectively.

Conclusions

Prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion in the setting of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide appears to be effective and safe in pediatric patients with high‐risk myeloid neoplasms.
Reply to Letters to the Editor
Authors: Vega Ana , Heil Emily L. , Blackman Alison , Banoub Mary , Johnson J. Kristie , Leekha Surbhi , Claeys Kimberly C.
Published: September 2023

See also: Ito.
The cloud sovereignty nexus: How the European Union seeks to reverse strategic dependencies in its digital ecosystem
Authors: Blancato Filippo Gualtiero
Published: September 2023

How does the European Union balance the need to migrate data to the cloud with the imperative of reducing its dependence on foreign cloud providers? Cloud computing is a critical technology for the competitiveness of the European Union (EU) in the digital economy. This paper argues that the EU is adopting a host of regulatory requirements and industrial policy tools—which fall under the umbrella term of ‘data sovereignty’—not only to protect the confidentiality of European data, but also to counter the dominance of US vendors in the European cloud market. To demonstrate how data sovereignty principles are woven into current EU policy initiatives, the paper presents two case studies: Gaia‐X and the European Alliance for Industrial Data, Edge, and Cloud. Linking data sovereignty to the lack of a competitive European cloud ecosystem sheds light on the strategic dimension of cloud computing in a way that treating them separately would not do.
Life events, social conditions and residential mobility among older adults
Authors: Gillespie Brian Joseph , Fokkema Tineke
Published: September 2023

This study explores whether and how social conditions—ties to kin and friends as well as loneliness—are related to older adults' residential mobility, in general, and in combination with a late‐life event, specifically. Drawing on panel data from the US Health and Retirement Study (N = 9107), logistic regression models examine whether older adult moves are triggered by life events (retirement, widowhood and health deterioration) and loneliness, and discouraged by the presence of nearby social ties (family and friends). The results indicate that becoming retired, becoming widowed, nearby family and nearby friends are indeed independently associated with moving. Loneliness is also associated with residential mobility, even when controlling for nearby family and friends. Social conditions do not, however, moderate the effect of late‐life events on older adults' residential mobility. The only exception is the moderating role of loneliness on the effect of retirement: contrary to our expectation, the likelihood of postretirement moves declines with increasing levels of loneliness.
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus in Pregnancy: Unaddressed Needs and Systematic Review
Authors: Debaene Britt , Vandeweege Sander , Verstraelen Hans
Published: September 2023

Women with vulvar lichen sclerosus (vLS) often express their concern over disease course, treatment, and complications relating to vLS in pregnancy and following childbirth. We used such patient concerns as study objectives in a systematic literature research. Although few, mostly low-quality studies have been published on that matter, and albeit the vast majority of women will have stable vLS during pregnancy, available data also suggest that in a small but significant proportion of patients, pregnancy and delivery may complicate the course of vLS and vice versa.
Metal‐catalyzed Cyanoalkylsulfonylation/Cyanoalkylation of N‐propenyl‐2‐Benzimidazole: Access to Cyanoalkylsulfonyl/Cyanoalkylbenzimidazole[2,1‐a] Iso‐Quinoline‐6(5H)‐Ones
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoxiao , Yang Luyao
Published: September 2023

The three‐component cyanoalkylsulfonylation cyclization reaction of N‐methacryloyl‐2‐phenylbenzimidazole, DABCO ⋅ (SO2)2 and cyclobutanone oxime ester regulated by different metals (iron and nickel) and the two‐component cyanoalkylation cyclization reaction of DABCO ⋅ (SO2)2 as oxidant were described. The tandem cyclization route allows different cyanoalkylsulfonylated benzimidazole [2,1‐a] iso‐quinoline‐6(5H)‐ones/cyanoalkylated benzimidazole [2,1‐a] iso‐quinoline‐6(5H)‐ones to be obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions, with good functional group tolerance, readily available starting materials, and simple operation. In addition, experiments show that the tandem cyclization reaction was a free radical reaction process.
Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C): Inhibition Effect on Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO‐A), Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO‐B) and Cholinesterase Enzymes, Antioxidant Capacity and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Binici Edanur Erümit , Akıncıoğlu Hülya , Kılınç Namık
Published: September 2023

Monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO‐A and MAO‐B) isoenzymes play key roles in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), arising from dopamine metabolism defects. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catalyzes acetylcholine (ACh) metabolism, linked to AD. This study investigated indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) for in vitro inhibition on AChE, BChE, MAO‐A, and MAO‐B. In inhibition studies, I3C showed potent inhibitory potential against AChE and BChE enzymes (IC50 values of 239.29 μM and 21.51 μM, respectively). Corresponding Ki values were 243.52 μM for AChE and 2.78 μM for BChE, indicating significant inhibitory activity. Additionally, I3C effectively inhibited MAO‐A and MAO‐B enzymes (IC50 values of 19.52 μM and 40.05 μM, respectively). Its antioxidant and radical scavenging capabilities were assessed using various methods, including Fe3+‐Fe2+ reducing capacity, cupric ion (Cu2+) reduction by Cuprac method, reducing capacity by FRAP method, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical (DPPH⋅) scavenging method, and 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS⋅+) scavenging. I3C showed potent inhibitory effects on AChE, BChE, MAO‐A, and MAO‐B enzymes. Additionally, I3C displayed a strong antioxidant capacity, suggesting its therapeutic potential as an antioxidant agent. Molecular docking simulations provided insights into I3C′s interactions with the target enzymes, informing the design of novel therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
The Importance of the Piperazine Ring for the Development of Trypanomicide Compounds
Authors: Gomes Pernichelle Filipe , Tavares Marcelino Alves Erick , Massarico Serafim Ricardo Augusto , Igne Ferreira Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Chagas disease (CD) is one of extremely Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) that have been challenging the health of billions of people in the world. Despite being a threat worldwide many of these diseases have a scarce chemotherapeutic armamentarium and the drugs currently used are not effective because of several reason, such as drug resistance, serious side‐effects, among others. Only two drugs are currently available for CD therapeutics, and they are not active in the chronic phase of the diseases. Considering the huge necessity of drugs for this parasitosis, the search for either new or better drugs than those used, many research groups have been involved in this investigation. New scaffolds can be used with this purpose and piperazine is one of them. Since it has many chemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics advantages, including multitarget activity, this group has been often used in CD. In this review, which the role of piperazine group in the structure‐activity of some important targets for T. cruzi, as cruzain, trypanothione reductase, Fe‐superoxide dismutase, and nitroreductase as well, is comprehended, several examples have been given to inspire researchers to optimize either hit or lead compounds against T. cruzi.
Kapitel 8. Sorgearbeit für die eigene Person, Haushalt, Familie und Gesellschaft
Authors: Smetschka Barbara , Mader Katharina , Simsa Ruth , Wiedenhofer Dominik
Published: September 2023

Im Kapitel 8 wird das Thema Sorgearbeit und die für ein klimafreundliches Leben notwendigen Strukturen vorgestellt. Versorgung und Fürsorge der eigenen Person, von Haushalt, Familie und Gesellschaft sind unverzichtbare, (über-)lebensnotwendige, aber oft unsichtbare Tätigkeiten. Die Relevanz dieser unbezahlten Sorgearbeit für ein klimafreundliches Leben hängt davon ab, in welchem Umfang Güter, Dienstleistungen und Mobilität für diese Tätigkeiten erforderlich sind und eingesetzt werden, wie emissionsintensiv diese bereitgestellt werden und wie viel Zeit dafür zur Verfügung steht.
Kapitel 9. Freizeit und Urlaub
Authors: Smetschka Barbara , Wiedenhofer Dominik
Published: September 2023

Koordinierende_r Leitautor_in

Barbara Smetschka
Kapitel 10. Integrierte Perspektiven auf Strukturbedingungen
Authors: Ornetzeder Michael , Pichler Melanie , Madner Verena , Görg Christoph , Bohunovsky Lisa , Hollaus Birgit , Essletzbichler Jürgen , Fischer Karin , Kaufmann Peter , Keller Lars , Krisch Astrid , Kubeczko Klaus , Miess Michael , Schneider Ulrike , Schulev-Steindl Eva , Steurer Reinhard , Svanda Nina , Theine Hendrik , Weber Matthias , Wieser Harald , Zech Sibylla
Published: September 2023

Ziel des Teils ist die umfassende Diskussion von Strukturen in Österreich, die ein klimafreundliches Leben fördern oder behindern bzw. für den Aufbau klimafreundlicher Strukturen als relevant erachtet werden. Strukturen, die beispielsweise im Recht, im politischen System, in der Wirtschaft oder der Raumordnung verankert sind, wirken auf verschiedene Sektoren und gesellschaftliche Aktivitäten gleichzeitig – wenn auch in unterschiedlicher Weise. Das Gemeinsame der folgenden Kapitel ist die Perspektive mit Fokus auf die oft unterschätzte Wirkmächtigkeit von Strukturen. Damit soll der Bericht in diesem Teil einen zusätzlichen Erkenntnisgewinn vor allem in Bezug auf die Umgestaltung und den Aufbau neuer Strukturen ermöglichen und handlungsrelevante Erkenntnisse zu Tage fördern, wie und mit welchen Maßnahmen bestehende Strukturen – im Sinne eines wirkungsvollen Klimaschutzes – verändert werden können.