bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Kinerja Mesin Penggiling Buah Pepaya Afkir
Authors: Kuncoro Sapto , Tamrin Tamrin , Kurniawan Yoni
Published: January 2025

Waste has long been a serious problem in various big cities in Indonesia. Garbage at this time has become a common problem that can disrupt the environment. Garbage piles will increase along with the increase in population. Papaya fruit is a fruit that is easily rotten and physically damaged because of the soft skin and flesh, according to the results of a survey I did, waste papaya fruit in the Natar market in South Lampung and the yellow bamboo market in Bandar Lampung as much as 10% and from papaya farmers as much as 20 %. Papaya fruit waste can be used as compost and as animal feed ingredients, one of which is BSf larvae. BSF fly larvae is one phase of the insect cycle where BSF fly larvae can be used as fish and poultry feed, BSF fly larvae can be given to fish and poultry alive and fresh, frozen, dried and paste, this grinding machine has been made by the author 2 years ago, Therefore the author conducted a performance test with papaya fruit at different levels of ripeness and different diameters of the sieve holes. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the papaya fruit grinder and to determine the results of grinding using 3 different sieves and the level of ripeness of papaya fruit. The method used in this study was factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), then the data were analyzed using an analysis of variance (Anova) which was then further tested with the LSD test with the help of the SAS application. Keywords: BSF Fly Larvae, Garbage, Grinding Machine, Papaya, Waste.
Pengaruh Coating Ekstrak Daun Cincau Hijau (Cyclea Barbata L.) dan Suhu Penyimpanan terhadap Perubahan Fisik Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Aisyah Deva Ayu , Novita Dwi Dian , Tamrin Tamrin
Published: January 2025

Tomatoes are coated with natural wax from the time they are planted on the tree, but the natural wax coating fades or even disappears due to post-harvest treatment. The coating application serves to replace the wax layer using tapioca with the addition of green grass jelly leaf extract. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of green grass jelly leaf extract coating with 3 concentrations and 2 temperatures of storage conditions on 4 physical parameters of tomatoes, namely the level of hardness, weight loss, moisture content, and red color index of tomatoes and to determine the best treatment from the combination of treatments applied during storage. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors. The first factor is storage temperature which consists of 2 temperature levels, namely room temperature (S1) and cold temperature (S2). The second factor is the concentration of green grass jelly leaf extract which consists of 3 levels of extract concentration, namely 10%, 30%, and 50%. If the results of the analysis of variance at the 5% level have a significant effect, a Duncan further test is carried out to see if there is an interaction between treatments. Based on the analysis, the treatment of variations in the concentration of green grass jelly leaf extract and storage temperature affected 3 physical parameters of tomatoes, namely the level of hardness, water content, and red color of tomatoes. However, it did not affect the weight loss parameters during 13 days of storage. S2K2 treatment was able to maintain the level of hardness, moisture content, and red color of tomatoes on day 13 with the standard of weight loss 10%. Based on further observations, the S2K2 treatment was able to maintain the shelf life of tomatoes up to 27 days of storage. Keywords: Coating, Concentration of Grass Jelly Leaf Extract Green, Storage Temperature, Tomato.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN KERJA, DISIPLIN KERJA, DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Batistuta Rangga Ahnaf Bima , Atmajawati Yayah
Published: January 2025

Perusahaan berupaya untuk menunjukkan keunggulan, sehingga sumber daya manusia memegang peranan penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui pengaruh dari pelatihan kerja, disiplin kerja, dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Wangta Agung Bagian Produksi. Jenis penelitian ini yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh karyawan yang bekerja pada PT Wangta Agung Surabaya bagian produksi dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 orang karyawan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan langsung kepada karyawan PT Wangta Agung Surabaya bagian produksi. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan alat bantu SPSS versi 27. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan kerja berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Wangta Agung Surabaya bagian produksi. Disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Wangta Agung Surabaya bagian produksi. Dan stres kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Wangta Agung Surabaya bagian produksi.
Formovanie a fungovanie Pamätných izieb v Národnej kultúrnej pamiatke Kalište pod správou Vlastivedného múzea (1962 - 1973)
Authors: Luptáková Vladimíra
Published: January 2025

In 2023, the Scientific Council of the Central Slovakia Museum approved the scientific research task called „Kalište in the collections of institutions“. The aim of the task is to compile a catalogue summarising the knowledge about the creation and development of permanent exhibitions/memorial rooms in the Kalište National Heritage Site, about the transfers of administration between different museums or institutions, and about the past and present view of its use and direction. In the first year of the scientific research task, all years were systematically examined from the preserved documents in the Registration Centre of the Central Slovakia Museum, i.e. the years 1961–1974, during which the museum was involved in any way in the creation and maintenance of the two Memorial Rooms at the national heritage site. Due to incompletely preserved documentation and to complete the whole picture, the years in question were also examined in the State Archives in Banská Bystrica (Regional National Committee and its relevant departments) and the Archives of the Monuments Board of the Slovak Republic (so far only processed and inventoried documents). The paper provides a survey of the period from 21st March 1962 to July 1973, when the Literary and Music Museum in Banská Bystrica assumed administration of both Memorial Rooms in the Kalište National Heritage Site.
Experience of implementation of ECMM EQUAL Scores in treatment of children at risk of invasive mycosis
Authors: Lukash UV , Vlasova AV , Gorev VV , Tiganova OA , Bystrova AA , Kamenev MM , Khasanova KA , Denisenko NP , Sychev DA
Published: January 2025

The ECMM EQUAL Scores tool was proposed in 2018 as a way to improve the quality of treatment of invasive mycoses and assess compliance with the diagnostic algorithm. Currently, there are no reports of its practical application in pediatrics. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of invasive mycosis in a pediatric hospital, the attributed mortality in children with invasive mycosis, and to analyze the dynamics of consumption of antifungal drugs. By design, the study was multidirectional observational, and spanned two years, with retrospective part over the period from 01.01.2022 to 31.12.2022, and prospective part — from 01.01.2023 to 31.08.2024. We used ECMM EQUAL Scores to evaluate the conformity of the fungal infection prevention measures and the empirical therapy to the established risk tier the patients were allocated to, and calculated the ATC/DDD index to measure the consumption of antifungal drugs. During the 20-month follow-up period, 78 children survived, 20 died; supervision continues. The attributed mortality rate was 25.6%. The weighted average absolute ECMM EQUAL Scores were as follows: for candidiasis — 8.4 (38%), for aspergillosis — 6.6 (24%), and for mucormycosis — 9.85 (31%). With the help of the ATC/DDD index, we assessed the dynamics of consumption of antifungal drugs in 2022 and 2023, the "before" and "after" periods. It was concluded that introduction of the ECMM tool into the invasive mycosis diagnostic routine significantly raised the number of detected cases (from 5 to 98 per year), and pushed down the attributed mortality from 60% to 25.6%. With ECMM EQUAL Scores, the NNT index was 2.9. Before introduction of the ECMM tool, in 2022, antifungal drugs were given for 30.3 DDD per 100 bed-days, after the introduction in 2023 — 54.7 DDD per 100 bed-days.
Opyt vnedreniya protokola u detej s riskom invazivnogo mikoza ECMM EQUAL Scores
Authors: Лукаш У. В. , Власова А. В. , Горев В. В. , Тиганова О. А. , Быстрова А. А. , Каменев М. М. , Хасанова К. А. , Денисенко Н. П. , Сычев Д. А.
Published: January 2025

Dlya uluchsheniya kachestva lecheniya invazivnyh mikozov i ocenki soblyudeniya diagnosticheskogo algoritma v 2018 g. predlozhen metod ECMM (EQUAL Scores). Prakticheskij opyt primeneniya u detej v nastoyashchee vremya ne predstavlen. Cel'yu raboty bylo ocenit' rasprostranennost' invazivnogo mikoza v detskom stacionare, atributivnuyu letal'nost' u detej s invazivnym mikozom i proanalizirovat' dinamiku potrebleniya protivogribkovyh preparatov. Raznonapravlennoe nablyudatel'noe issledovanie vypolneno v techenie dvuh let: retrospektivnaya chast' v period s 01.01.2022 po 31.12.2022 i prospektivnaya — s 01.01.2023 po 31.08.2024. Ocenku sootvetstviya protivogribkovoj profilaktiki i empiricheskoj terapii invazivnogo mikoza ustanovlennoj gruppe riska pacienta provodili metodom ECMM (EQUAL Scores), ocenku potrebleniya protivogribkovyh preparatov — metodom ATC/DDD-analiza. Za period nablyudeniya v techenie 20 mesyacev vyzhili 78 detej, umerli — 20, nablyudenie prodolzhaetsya. Atributivnaya letal'nost' sostavila 25,6%. Srednevzveshennaya abs. ocenka po metodu ECMM (EQUAL Scores) dlya kandidoza sostavila 8,4 (38%), dlya aspergilleza — 6,6 (24%) i dlya mukormikoza — 9,85 (31%) ot dopustimoj. Izuchena dinamika potrebleniya protivogribkovyh preparatov metodom ATC/DDD-analiza za 2022 i 2023 g. «do» i «posle». Sdelan vyvod, chto vnedrenie metoda ECMM dlya diagnostiki invazivnogo mikoza privelo k znachitel'nomu uvelicheniyu chisla vyyavlennyh sluchaev s 5 sluchaev v god do 98 sluchaev v god so snizheniem atributivnoj letal'nosti s 60% do 25,6% sootvetstvenno. Indeks NNT pri ispol'zovanii metoda ECMM sostavil 2,9. Do vnedreniya metoda ECMM potreblenie protivogribkovyh preparatov v 2022 g. sostavlyalo 30,3 CHDT (v standartizovannoj sutochnoj doze) na 100 kojko-dnej, posle vnedreniya v 2023 g. — 54,7 CHDT (v standartizovannoj sutochnoj doze) na 100 kojko-dnej.
DINAMIKA KELUARGA MADRIGAL DALAM FILM “ENCANTO” ANALISIS KAJIAN TEORI SISTEM KELUARGA
Authors: Mawardi Mawardi , Erawati Muna , Saadati Sania
Published: January 2025

Family relationships can be incredibly complex and differ from family to family.Encanto is an animated musical film from Disney that takes us to a magical village in the mountains of Colombia. This village, known as Encanto, is where each member of the Madrigal family has a unique power. However, there is one who does not, and that is Mirabel. This makes her feel different and not fully accepted by her family. The purpose of this study is to find out and understand how the dynamics that exist in the Madrigal family's Encanto movie.In this study, a qualitative descriptive method was used. The choice of this method is based on the focus of the research which aims to analyze the emotional aspects depicted in the characters in the film “Encanto”. Data collection techniques with literature study and documentation. Data Processing and Analysis Techniques with Narrative Analysis which analyzes the storyline, conflict, and resolution in the film. Family Systems Theory views the family as an interrelated system. Changes to one part of the system will impact the other parts. In the context of Encanto, this theory helps us understand that the problem Mirabel faces is not just an individual problem, but rather a problem that involves the entire Madrigal family.The movie actually presents many messages and themes that are very relevant to life.
ADAPTASI ALAT UKUR DATING ANXIETY SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS (DAS-A) VERSI BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Iin Hurun , Kartini Kartini , Viella Ovella Livta , Vlarisa Vlarisa , Wyandini Diah Zaleha , Hidayat Ghinaya Ummul Mukminin
Published: January 2025

Dating anxiety is a phenomenon commonly experienced during dating. Although much research has been conducted on dating anxiety measurement tools abroad, the adaptation of these tools in Indonesian cultural context remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Dating Anxiety Scale for Adolescents adapted in Indonesia. The measurement scale consists of 21 items assessing 3 dimensions namely Fear of Negative Evaluation, Social Distress-Dating, and Social Distress-Group. The study involved 202 respondents aged 18-30 years in Indonesia. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model did not fully fit the data, such as chi-square value of 531.790, CFI 0.770, TLI 0.739, and NFI 0.701, which did not meet the standard fit criteria. However, the reliability test results with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient showed a significant value of 0.909, indicating this measurement tool has good internal consistency and can be relied upon to measure dating anxiety.
The Most Frequent Errors and Error Causes in Intravenous Medication Administration
Authors: Klepac Katja , Turniški Magdalena , Smrekar Martina , Ledinski Sanja , Čukljek Snježana
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Intravenous medication administration is a critical component in healthcare, which is utilized for delivering medications directly into the bloodstream to achieve immediate therapeutic outcomes. It is essential to ensure that this method of medication delivery is both safe and effective. Aim. This literature review aims to identify the most frequent intravenous medication errors and their causes. Methods. Literature search was performed in March 2024 utilizing PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, covering the period from February 2018 to January 2024.Results. This literature review included 17 articles. The articles were selected to overview the most frequent intravenous medication errors, their causes, and prevention possibilities. Results have shown the most frequent types of intravenous medication errors which occur during the stages of preparation and administration: insufficient hand hygiene and not adhering to aseptic mode while preparing the medication, dose calculation errors, patient identification errors, as well as not adhering to the rules of safe medication administration.Conclusions. Intravenous administration is a common nursing intervention and it is prone to high error rates. Nurses bear a significant amount of responsibility regarding the right way of administration and preparation of intravenous medicine. According to our review, several factors are more prone to be the cause of medication administration errors, and they include the lack of nurse knowledge, attitude and behavior, lack of hand hygiene, and distractions while preparing the medication coming from other nurses and patients or telephones. The outcomes of these factors are the most common cause of the intravenous medication errors which include incorrect dose and labeling errors.
Introducción al monográfico. Estudios LGTBIA+ y Queer de la Comunicación en la academia latinoamericana y española
Authors: Blanco Fernández Vítor , Fernández Laura
Published: January 2025

Introducción al monográfico. Estudios LGTBIA+ y Queer de la Comunicación en la academia latinoamericana y española
Interrogating the Impact of Illegal Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining on Agriculture at East Akim Municipality
Authors: Addai Henrietta , Adjei Kelvin Jeffery , Eshun Bright , Chemah Dennis Nyojah , Appiah William
Published: January 2025

While illegal artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) supports many Ghanaians’ livelihoods and contributes to the country’s mineral richness, its uncontrolled and unlawful nature results in various negative repercussions. This is particularly concerning because it is considered a key sector of Ghana’s economy, employing about a third of its workforce in 2023. For this reason, the following article examines the impact of illegal mining on agriculture in the East Akim municipality of Ghana using qualitative and quantitative research methods. Through a three-stage sampling technique, 40 smallholder farmers selected from ten communities at the East Akim Municipality participated in the questionnaire survey in January-July 2023. In addition, four interviews were conducted with leaders and officials from the East Akim Municipal Assembly on the topic surveyed. Findings represented by the descriptive statistical methods confirmed that illegal mining has resulted in mass land degradation, pollution from toxic chemicals, continuous flooding, and soil erosion, adversely affecting agriculture productivity in the region.
Relative Uniform Convergence of Quantum Difference Sequence of Functions Related to ℓ
p
-Space Defined by Orlicz Function
Authors: Debbarma Diksha , Tripathy Binod Chandra
Published: January 2025

The sequence spaces
ru
ℓ∞(𝒪, ∇
q
),
ruℓp
(𝒪, ∇
q
),
ruc(𝒪, ∇
q
),
ru
c0(𝒪, ∇
q
),
rumϕ
(𝒪, ∇
q, p),
runϕ
( 𝒪, ∇q, p),
rumϕ
( 𝒪, ∇q
),
runϕ
( 𝒪, ∇q
) are defined by the Orlicz function in this article. We examine all of its characteristics, including symmetry, solidity, and completeness. A few geometric properties on convexity on the space
rumϕ
( 𝒪, ∇q, p) are also examined in this article.
How do EFL textbooks evaluate countries? Discursive and production perspectives
Authors: Watanabe Hideo
Published: January 2025

This article examines evaluations of entities associated with countries in English language textbooks for junior high school students in Japan. Drawing on an APPRAISAL analysis and interviews, the study explores how evaluations of national entities are realized in the textbooks. Eighteen textbooks were analyzed, and three interviews were conducted, one with a textbook writer and two with textbook editors. The findings reveal that the English language textbooks evaluated entities associated with Japan in a positive light much more frequently than those related to other countries. This was realized by the writer and editors’ intention that the textbooks be used to teach aspects of Japanese culture and to nurture learners’ diverse perspectives toward countries and their cultures.
Assessing English writing of South Indian native Tamil students: The mediocre level requires strategic implications
Authors: Bharath M
Published: January 2025

The study assesses the English writing level of South Indian native Tamil language post-graduate students. The paper highlights the impact of native language sources in English writing and discusses the strategic implications. The study framed an English writing test instrument applying Bloom’s Taxonomy to assess the level of writing. Quantitatively, 300 randomly sampled written transcriptions were taken for analysis. Qualitatively, a structured oneto-one interview was conducted among 27 language instructors, and 127 transcripts were observed to highlight the usage of native language sources, which resulted in poor writing. It assessed the students’ level in L2 writing as mediocre, which was explained by 74% of the sampled responses. It found that the interference of native language in English writing made students make more mistakes in the order of words, subject-verb agreement, usage of tenses, and application of grammar rules. Further, it discussed the strategic implications for improvement as - a) repetitive incremental practice – teaching structures, tenses, and grammar rules of native and target language, b) conversational instruction – sharing differences in native and target languages, sharing of mistakes and errors, and c) timely feedback – a part of follow up mechanism for assessment.
Openness and Divisive Discourse on Ukrainian War Refugees. The First Month of the Russian-Ukrainian War in Polish Online Tabloids
Authors: Kopecka-Piech Katarzyna , Łódzki Bartłomiej , Burno-Kaliszuk Karolina
Published: January 2025

The Ukrainian-Russian war (2022-ongoing) has been associated with the issue of war refugees from the very beginning. The problem has aroused a very strong social response in Poland not only in the form of mass aid, but also differences of opinions in society. The aim of the study was to determine the specifics of the discourse on Ukrainian refugees in the two most popular Polish online tabloids: “Fakt” and “Super Express”. The analysis included two dimensions of discourse: openness, dialogic and divisive, polarising. Various dimensions of discourse were analysed: social, cultural, economic, and political. The study was conducted using hybrid methods. Based on data provided by the Brand24 platform, the first stage determined the number of articles containing the keyword “refugees” in the studied tabloids. Real Users (RU) rankings and the so-called Influencer Score were used to identify these media. Next, a discourse analysis of textual media materials from the first month of the war was conducted. The materials studied were the most influential articles from tabloids (423 items), dating back to the first month of the war. The study showed that open discourse takes the form of (1) emphatic, (2) agitating for duty, and (3) aid discourse. In contrast, the divisive discourse takes the form of (1) crisis and (2) polarisation discourse.
Inhaled nitric oxide: are expectations justified?
Authors: Kozlov I. A.
Published: January 2025

Nitric oxide (NO) is a cellular signaling molecule that causes smooth muscle relaxation in the vascular wall. Inhaled NO (iNO) has been used in intensive care for more than three decades. In Russia, this method was tested in the late 1990s. iNO acts as a selective pulmonary vasodilator, it effectively reduces pulmonary artery pressure and intra-pulmonary blood shunting. In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, iNO is used to improve oxygenation, but its role remains controversial. In cardiac surgery, numerous studies have reported the positive effect of iNO on pulmonary hypertension and the elimination of dysfunction and/or insufficiency of the right ventricle. Yet, various studies have failed to demonstrate significant differences in long-term clinical outcomes. Many clinical applications have been proposed at using iNO as a preventive measure for ischemic-reperfusion injury of various organs associated with cardio-pulmonary bypass. iNO has been used with evidence-based efficacy in neonatology in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Yet, various studies have failed to demonstrate significant differences in long-term clinical outcomes for different use cases and applications in critical care medicine. Further studies of iNO are needed, possibly based on the phenotyping of patients’ sensitivity to iNO.
The technique of three-component regional blockade of the anterior neck region as a component of anesthesia during operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Authors: Alekseev A. A. , Yavorovskiy A. G. , Prazdnikov E. N. , Ovechkin A. M. , Dospekhov D. V. , Vakhromkin V. S. , Sozonova E. A. , Batulina E. V. , Maksimova A. A. , Zolotova E. N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The use of various regional blockades as a component of general anesthesia reduces the risk of postoperative complications such as intense pain syndrome, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The study is devoted to the development and description of the technique of regional anesthesia of the anterior surface of the neck during operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands under ultrasound navigation.

The objective was to develop a safe and effective technique of regional anesthesia for operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands under ultrasound navigation.

Materials and methods. The trial involved 60 patients operated on for thyroid and parathyroid gland diseases. All patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 – combined anesthesia: general anesthesia + three-component blockade of the anterior surface of the neck; group 2 – general anesthesia. In group 1, intermediate cervical plexus blockade, pericapsular thyroid blockade, and Berry’s ligament blockade were performed under the control of ultrasound navigation. The patients’ condition was evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively and in the postoperative period (after 3 and 12 hours) according to the following parameters: hemodynamic variability, pain intensity according to the numerical rating scale, frequency of postoperative nausea/vomiting and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (MOCA, MMSE), terms of postoperative activation of patients, need for prescription of opioid and non-opioid analgesics after surgery.

Results. The combination of general anesthesia and the technique of three-component regional neck blockade allowed to limit the use of opioid analgesics: opioid consumption in group 1 was 3.12 [2.68; 3.75] μg/kg, in group 2 – 5.93 [4.48; 7.21] μg/kg (p < 0.0001). A higher rate of cognitive recovery was noted in group 1 compared to patients in group 2 (p = 0.0114). Combined anesthesia provided a long pain-free period after surgery: 12 hours after extubation, patients in group 1 had a very low level of pain according to numerical rating scale – 0 [0; 6.0] mm, patients in group 2 had higher values – 14 [10; 18] mm. The use of regional blockade allowed to reduce ketoprofen consumption in the postoperative period (consumption in group 1 amounted to 1.85 [1.30; 2.02] mg/kg, in group 2 – 3.19 [2.58; 5.97] mg/kg (p = 0.0015)).

Conclusion. General anesthesia with three-component regional blockade of the anterior surface of the neck during operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands under ultrasound navigation is effective and safe technique.
Sodium imbalance in pediatric intensive care practice: pathophysiology, clinical picture and treatment
Authors: Bykov Yu. V. , Obedin A. N. , Muravyeva A. A. , Fischer V. V. , Volkov E. V. , Yatsuk I. V. , Zinchenko O. V.
Published: January 2025

Sodium (Na+) imbalance in the body is an urgent problem, especially in the intensive care of children. Hyponatremia (Na+ levels below 135 mmol/l) is a multifactorial condition, but the main cause of this electrolyte imbalance in children is a decrease in renal clearance in combination with high fluid intake. Hyponatremia is subdivided into three pathophysiological types: hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic. Acute hyponatremia (< 48 hours) has the most pronounced clinical symptoms, which typically include central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction with exacerbation of hyponatremic encephalopathy and cerebral edema (CE). Severe hyponatremia in children and adolescents is treated first by infusion of a 3% solution of NaCl, with the rate and volume strictly controlled to maintain a rate of Na+ increase of no more than 12 mmol/l over a 24-hour period. Hypernatremia (Na+ levels of over 145 mmol/l) in children develops as a result of high-volume or long-term infusion of saline solutions, or as a consequence of gastroenteritis. The pathogenesis of hypernatremia involves the imbalance between consumption and excretion of fluids in the setting of reduced or absent thirst. Clinical manifestations depend on the predominant nature of the hypernatremia (hypo- or hypervolemic) and may include cerebral insufficiency (seizure syndrome, CE). Correction of hypernatremia should be performed at a rate not exceeding 0.5 mmol/l per hour or 10–12 mmol/l per day with infusion of 0.9% NaCl. Timely diagnosis and correction of hypo- and hypernatremia in pediatric intensive care practice will reduce the risk of CNS-related complications and possible death
Impact of statin therapy on physical activity, exercise performance, and muscle-related outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Alanazi Huda , Alromaih ⁠Jenan , AlSubaie ⁠Sara , Almozayrie ⁠Tamadur , Alharbi ⁠Sara , Alsherian Sarah , Alhomaid Tameem
Published: January 2025

Statins, prescribed for lipid-lowering, reduce cardiovascular disease risk but might negatively impact physical activity and exercise performance. Understanding this impact is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and promoting patient health. This systematic review was aimed to evaluate the impact of statin use on physical activity levels, exercise performance, and muscle-related outcomes among patients, with a focus on identifying challenges, benefits, and potential mitigation strategies. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was conducted. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies published in English in the last 10 years. Outcomes assessed included physical activity levels, exercise performance metrics (e.g., endurance and strength) and the incidence of statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Data were synthesized using a narrative approach, identifying themes, patterns, and gaps in the evidence. A total of 17 studies were included, encompassing diverse populations and methodologies. Key findings revealed mixed outcomes. Symptomatic statin users reported reduced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and increased sedentary behavior compared to asymptomatic users or nonusers. SAMS, including muscle pain and fatigue, were associated with reduced physical activity in some patients but did not consistently affect exercise performance metrics, such as strength or endurance. Statins do not universally impair physical activity or exercise performance, but SAMS and behavioral factors can limit activity levels in some individuals. Moderate-intensity exercise appears to mitigate adverse effects and enhance overall outcomes. Future research should focus on personalized interventions, long-term impacts, and mechanistic studies to optimize physical activity in statin users.
Adhesive-related skin injuries in adult ICU patients: uncovering prevalence and key risk factors – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bakhamees Basel , Alshehri Mona , Aljubayri Samar , Alyami Nasser , Almousa Mohammed , Oti Mohammad , Alzahrani Hatem , Aljaied Sarah , Alqarni Bodour , Alahmari Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

Medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI) is a significant concern in ICU settings, contributing to patient discomfort, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with MARSI among ICU patients. A comprehensive search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify observational studies assessing MARSI prevalence and risk factors in ICU patients. Studies in ICU settings with diverse subpopulations and risk factors were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed study quality, and MetaXL 5.3 was used for statistical analyses, with pooled prevalence estimated via a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins I² and Cochran's Q tests. Seven studies, each with 100 to 430 ICU patients, met the inclusion criteria. MARSI prevalence ranged from 10.96% to 42%, with a pooled estimate of 21% (95% CI: 13% to 30%). Consistent risk factors included advanced age, skin fragility, prolonged ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, and chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Variations in prevalence appeared related to ICU type and diagnostic methods. MARSI is prevalent among ICU patients, underscoring the need for targeted preventive strategies for at-risk populations. Interventions like routine skin assessments, selective adhesive use, and alternative fixation methods could reduce MARSI risk. Standardized protocols and further research are recommended to improve comparability and patient outcomes in ICU settings.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE ACECLOFENAC SUPPOSITORY
Authors: Baria A. H. , Patel R. P. , Suthar A. M , Parmar R. B
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to prepare sustained release (SR) suppositories containing Aceclofenac microspheres. In the first part of the study, Aceclofenac microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method employing ethyl cellulose as a microsphere forming polymer. The effect of drug: polymer ratio and stirring rate on microspheres formation, average particle size, incorporation efficiency, micromeritic properties and in vitro Aceclofenac release were investigated. The highest drug loading capacity was found with 1:1 drug- polymer ratio stirring rate caused insignificant effect on drug loading capacity. In the second part, SR suppositories were formulated by incorporating Aceclofenac microspheres having the highest drug loaded. The bases used were PEG 4000, PEG 6000 and stearic acid. The drugs released were evaluated by in vitro dissolution tests. Comparative results of SR suppositories containing Aceclofenac microspheres with that of conventional ones showed that the former has sustained effect up to 8 h in vitro.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CARVEDILOL
Authors: Guarve Kumar , Gupta G. D.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the current study was to design a controlled porosity osmotic pump capsule of carvedilol .The capsule contains pore-forming water-soluble additives, which after coming in contact with water, dissolve, resulting in an in situ formation of a micro porous structure. The effect of different formulation variables, namely, ratio of drug to osmogent, solubilizing agent and level of pore former, different environmental media and stirring rate on the in vitro release was studied. Cellulose acetate (CA) was used as the semi permeable membrane. It was found that drug release rate increased with the increase in amount of osmogent and solubilizing and independent of different environmental media and stirring rate. Carvedilol release was, directly proportional to the level of pore former, glycerin, in the membrane. This system was found to deliver carvedilol at a zero-order rate.
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ‘CHANDRAKHYA’ LEAVES
Authors: Singhai Ashish , Singour P. K. , Pawar R. S. , Patil U. K.
Published: January 2025

A simple, precise and reproducible reverse phase, isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of sodium valproate in bulk and enteric coated tablet dosage form. The quantification was carried out using a Nova-pack phenyl, 4µm, 150 mm × 3.9 mm i.d. column, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: buffer (30:70, v/v) (pH 2.5) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and UV detection at 210 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness and solution stability. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 50-1500 µg/ml (r = 0.9999). Mean inter- and intra-assay relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 2.0 %. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of sodium valproate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Also, the method was extended for determination of sodium valproate release from in-vitro dissolution studies.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NEOMYCIN SULPHATE OINTMENT CONTAINING NATURAL WOUND HEALING AGENT CURCUMA LONGA
Authors: D Akanksha , G Vikas , K. J Neetesh , S Shailendra , B Neelam , K. J Dinesh
Published: January 2025

Present investigation was to develop novel ointment formulation in combination of natural wound healing agent curcuma longa, which is reported to possess wound healing and anti-bacterial activities. Combination of neomycin sulphate and curcuma longa is good rational, where curcuma longa produces synergistic wound healing effect with neomycin sulphate. Formulations containing fixed concentration (0.5 %) of neomycin sulphate and 3 %, 4 % and 5 % of curcuma longa were prepared. To assess the efficacy of formulations anti-bacterial activity, rheology, stability, spreadability and other physical characteristics were evaluated. The results obtained were encouraging and formulation containing neomycin sulphate (0.5 %) with 5 % of curcuma longa was found better than other formulations.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE SUCCESSIVE EXTRACTS OF AESCULUS INDICA LEAVES
Authors: Chakraborthy Guno Sindhu
Published: January 2025

Plants are the best source of active secondary metabolites which are beneficial to mankind. Many plant origin drugs have been reported with biological properties like Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, hypoglycemic agents and many more. The successive extracts of Aesculus indica leaves were screened for in vitro antioxidant properties using the standard procedures. The successive extracts such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and 50% crude methanol extracts exhibited IC 50 values of respectively in DPPH and respectively in nitric oxide radical inhibition assays. The values are comparable with the standards such as ascorbic acid and quercetin. The Aesculus indica leaves are showing significant antioxidant activity.
QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE PHARMACOKINETIC RELATIONSHIP USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK: A REVIEW
Authors: Singh S. K. , Saini Sangita , Verma Bharat , Mishra D. N.
Published: January 2025

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) has become a tool for designing in various areas like drugs, food additive, Pesticides, biochemical reactant, environmental pollutant and toxic products. In QSAR biological activity can be related with physicochemical properties and in QSPkR (Quantitative Structure Pharmacokinetic Relationship), pharmacokinetic properties can be related with physicochemical properties, relation found in terms of quantity. A number of literature and review article have been published on Quantitative structure pharmacokinetic relationship. But prediction of human pharmacokinetic properties of known and unknown is much difficult job in pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacokinetic data of animal cannot be put straightforward. Artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict the pharmacokinetic properties. Artificial neural network has basic structure like biological brain and compose of neurons which are interconnected to each other. The present review not only compiles the literature of QSPkR using ANN, but gives detail about the physicochemical properties and artificial neural network.
PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF MATRICARIA RECUTITA-A REVIEW
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Mittal Payal , Bansal Parveen , Khokra Sukhbir L. , Kaushik Dhirender
Published: January 2025

Matricaria recutita, once it has been called as Marticaria chamomilla, Chamomilla recutita, and Chamomilum nobile family Asteraceae. The main constituents of this plant include the terpenoids α-bisabolol and its oxides and azulenes, including chamazulene. Matricaria recutita shows different pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti- cancer, treatment of stress and depression, anti-allergic etc. This review focuses on the detailed chemical constituents, pharmacological activities of different parts of this plant.
BCR ABL KINASE INHIBITORS FOR CANCER THERAPY
Authors: Patel Dhara , Suthar Maulik P. , Patel Vipul , Singh Rajesh
Published: January 2025

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors have started era of molecular targeted therapy and marked a greatest milestone in cancer drug discovery. Despite of impressive cytogenetic response rates achieved with several agents in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase, those with advanced stage CML frequently obtain more modest responses that are in many instances of short duration. Several mechanisms of resistance to imatinib are also observed among patients that develop clinical resistance to imatinib. Some approaches are being pursued to overcome these mutations. Deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein has been established as the causative molecular event in CML. BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase is an ideal target for pharmacological inhibition. Following the initial success of imatinib as frontline therapy for CML, several second generation therapeutic inhibitors have been developed with increased potency and the ability to inhibit the majority of imatinib resistant mutations. In addition, many other protein kinases implicated in signaling transduction downstream BCR-ABL play critical roles in the pathogenesis of CML, thus representing potential therapeutic targets revealed from several clinical studies. The objective of present article is on current developments of potential existing and new innovative BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors for tumor therapy and specificity of several new inhibitors.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IONOTROPIC CROSS-LINKED CHITOSAN MICROPARTICLES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ACECLOFENAC
Authors: Rao N. G. Raghavendra , Kulkarni Upendra , Deshmukh Anand , Suresh D. K.
Published: January 2025

Aceclofenac, (2-[2-[2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl) aminophenyl] acety] oxyacetic acid) a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been indicated for various conditions like post-traumatic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. Multiple-unit systems have been reported to avoid the variations in gastric emptying and different transit rates through gastro-intestinal and spread over a large area preventing exposure of the absorbing site to high drug concentration on chronic dosing. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop aceclofenac loaded chitosan microparticles by ionotropic gelation method. Drug loading efficiency (DLE) of microparticles was found between 62.20 to 92.93 % and depended on the formulation variables. Increase in the Tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration, pH of the TPP solution and cross-linking time decreased the drug release. The particle size decreased with increase in cross-linking time and found between the ranges of 1194.1 to 1568.9 µm. Drug release showed slight burst effect in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 in first hour followed by prolonged release for 8 hrs. FTIR and DSC revealed that there was no interaction between drug and polymer. The release data was fitted into first order, zero order and Higuchi model to find release kinetics. The values of regression coefficient r2 were found to be greater (£ 0.9541) for first order than for zero order (£ 0.8740) and the r2 value for Higuchi was £ 0.9805 suggesting diffusion controlled process. The result concluded that TPP-chitosan microparticles developed by ionotropic gelation method might become potential delivery system to prolonging the release of aceclofenac.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
Authors: Pahwa Rakesh , . Neeta , Kumar Vipin , Kohli Kanchan
Published: January 2025

Peptic ulcer embraces both gastric and duodenal ulcers and has been a major threat to the world’s population over the past two centuries, with a high morbidity and substantial mortality. Discovery of gastric mucosa infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and its association with chronic antral gastritis and peptic ulcer revolutionized the treatment of ulcer illness. H. pylori are causally related to a majority of cases of both duodenal and gastric ulcer, in the west and developing countries. Despite extensive scientific advancements, this disease remains an important clinical setback, largely because of H. pylori infection and widespread use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Management of peptic ulcer disease generally involves the practice of H2 receptor antagonists, use of proton pump inhibitors, antacids and different H. pylori eradication regimens. This review article outlines the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment strategies of peptic ulcer disease.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION, PHYSICO AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF AERIAL PARTS OF MENTHA ARVENSIS LINN.
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Ahirwar Dheeraj , Jhade Deenanath , Sharma Neeraj Kumar , Ahirwar Bharti
Published: January 2025

The present study deals with the macroscopical and microscopical studies of aerial parts of Mentha arvensis Linn. Microscopically, aerial parts showed glandular trichomes, helical to spiral xylem, palisade tissues with columnar cells, diacytic stomata. Powder microscopical examination showed the presence of glandular and uni to multi celled trichomes, helical to spiral xylem vessel, stomatal epidermal cells, abundant xylem vessels with pitted thickenings, abundant thin walled parenchymatius cells, epidermis with cuticle and collenchymatous cells, parenchymatous cells with reddish tannin contents. Physicochemical parameters and preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered aerial parts were also carried out. Total ash was approximately sixteen and four times more than acid insoluble and water soluble ash, respectively. Water soluble extractive was slightly higher than ethanol soluble extractive. T.L.C. of petroleum-ether, chloroform and ethanol extract showed eight spots, nine spots and six spots, respectively. Phytochemically, it exhibited alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and sugars. These findings might be useful to supplement information in regard to its identification parameters assumed significantly in the way of acceptability of herbal drugs in present scenario lacking regulatory laws to control quality of herbal drugs.
Printing Health: Revolutionizing Pharmaceuticals through 3D Innovation
Authors: Gupta Pinki , Bhati Komal , Kajla Deepak , Baisoya Kajal , Vats Anamika , Sinoriya Pooja
Published: January 2025

The influence of additive manufacturing has grown significantly in the last few years because of the rising awareness and need for customized pharmaceuticals, medical instruments, and equipment. With the innovation in three-dimensional printing (3D-Printing) technology providing a broad scope to explore the infinite dimensions in the pharmaceuticals field, 3D items of diverse geometries may be created. Cost-effectiveness and on-demand printing are two significant advantages of printed drugs over traditional drug production, as is the ability to create very complicated and sophisticated dose forms based on individual needs. This article discusses a few 3D printing processes useful for producing pharmaceuticals as well as how they may be applied to creating effective pharmacological and therapeutical dosage forms, demonstrating the viability of this printing technology for routine industrial production processes.The two main pharmaceutical application areas were covered in this article. First, drug delivery systems, including different medications like controlled release solid dosage form, more than one drug in the form of polypills, gastro-floating mechanism of drug, in the form of Oro dispersible drug, and printed microneedles, are the subject that has received the most research. Second, 3D-Printing contributed to the creation of pharmaceutical tools including drug-eluting devices and tools to help chemists dispense medication.