bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processus de problématisation et mobilisation de la forme « problème » dans les pédagogies des écoles d’ingénieurs : une analyse de cas par les capabilités
Authors: Guez Sarah , Fernagu Solveig , Viazzi Céline
Published: January 2025

Les méthodes de pédagogie active désignent un ensemble de démarches pédagogiques qui cherchent à mettre les apprenants en situation d’être acteurs de leurs apprentissages. Pour cela, elles s’appuient dans leurs modalités de mise en œuvre sur l’expérience des apprenants et encouragent l’implication par l’investigation, la participation, la réflexion critique, l’appropriation par le faire et la collaboration dans les processus d’apprentissage. Dans ce texte, nous allons rendre compte d’une recherche portant sur l’une de ces méthodes, celle de la forme problème. Nous verrons que la mise en capacité à résoudre des problèmes n’est pas un allant de soi, et que cet objectif ne peut être atteint que s’il s’accompagne d’une autre mise en capacité, celle à problématiser. La mise en capacité à problématiser des apprenants est, en ce sens, un véritable enjeu d’une pédagogie de la forme problème, et il convient d’en analyser les conditions de déploiement. Notre recherche rend compte d’une partie de celles-ci grâce à l’analyse du vécu d’un groupe de 22 étudiants en première année de cycle préparatoire d’une école d’ingénieurs. Nous verrons, en mobilisant le cadre théorique des capabilités, que ces mises en capacité ne peuvent être analysées uniquement à partir des dispositions des apprenants ou des méthodes pédagogiques mises en œuvre, mais convoquent également une analyse des opportunités offertes par les environnements de formation proposés.
Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Waste Management
Authors: Kadam Janvi Hemant , Dhawal Pranjali Pradeep
Published: January 2025

Healthcare sector and regulatory bodies have spent decades to streamline the hospital generated waste collection and disposal process. Amidst this, the world was hit with a pandemic, COVID-19, that also had an inadvertent effect on the waste generation. This chapter explores the impact of COVID-19 on increase in number of admitted patients, there repercussions on the hospital staff, amount of waste generated/patient/bed, disposal, and environmental impact. The chapter also explains in depth the changes in regulations for waste management implemented by WHO, CDC, OSHA, etc, with different countries to prevent or counteract the harmful effects of the hazardous waste generated in COVID-19 wards, isolation centres, and home-quarantines. The article highlights sustainable regulatory practices and explain preparedness of the healthcare sector for any similar future challenges. The chapter is a critical reminder of the cross-functionalities between healthcare sector, environmental sustainability, and the importance of waste management in addressing global health crises.
Advancements in Combating Pathogens in Infectious Biomedical Waste
Authors: Bagade Om Mahadeo , Doke Priyanka Eknath
Published: January 2025

The critical need for effective management of infectious biomedical waste, which contains a variety of harmful microorganisms. It highlights the risks of improper waste handling, such as the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution, emphasizing the importance of robust mitigation strategies. Various approaches to mitigate these risks are evaluated, including disinfection, sterilization, thermal, chemical, and biological treatments. Each method has its strengths and limitations; disinfection reduces microbial load but may not eliminate all pathogens, while sterilization provides more thorough inactivation but requires careful handling. Thermal treatments like incineration ensure complete destruction of microorganisms, whereas chemical and biological treatments offer alternative, sometimes more sustainable, options. The abstract underscores the necessity of a multi-faceted approach to waste management, tailored to specific waste characteristics, and calls for ongoing research to enhance these strategies for better public health and environmental protection.
Environmental Impact of Hospital Waste
Authors: Kakodkar Shruti , Dhawal Pranjali Pradeep , Kulkarni Shrikaant
Published: January 2025

The healthcare sector has experienced substantial growth over recent years, effectively addressing various diseases and treatment modalities. However, the flip side of the vast hospital services has been the immense production of hospital waste. Despite the adoption of several hospital waste management strategies, issues still arise pertaining to its impact on the environment. The chapter provides a comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment of hospital waste, focusing on its diverse components, including pharmaceuticals, chemical reagents, infectious materials, and heavy metals. The chapter aims to discuss the importance of ecotoxicity evaluation of hospital waste, and the standard methods applied. Furthermore, the impact of hospital waste on the ecosystem is intricately collated and discussed with the goal of expanding the knowledge base and raising awareness. The chapter underscores the urgent need for stringent waste management protocols, including proper segregation, treatment, and disposal methods to ease the adverse ecological footprint of hospital waste.
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Hospital Waste
Authors: Mathew Sharon Ajay
Published: January 2025

Hospitals generate a large amount of waste daily which includes 15% hazardous waste. Several studies have reported the genotoxic nature of hospital waste. Genotoxicity is the ability to damage the genetic information within a cell resulting in mutations, which may lead to malignancies. The current chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential genotoxic compounds found in hospital waste, genotoxicity assessment assays, factors influencing results of these assays, waste management/treatment methods and the associated risks. The chapter also discusses future considerations to better manage and minimize exposure to genotoxic hospital waste.
Integrating IoT and Machine Learning for Real-Time Monitoring of Infectious Waste Management
Authors: William P. , Kuppusamy Sangeetha , Samundeeswari A. , Vijayabharathi R. , Hajiyeva Rena J. , Thangavel Kuntavai , Alagarsamy Manjunathan
Published: January 2025

Infectious waste, a byproduct of healthcare operations, poses significant health and environmental risks if not managed properly. Traditional waste management methods often rely on manual processes and retrospective data analysis, potentially leading to inefficiencies and delayed response to hazards. This paper explores the transformative potential of integrating machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for infectious waste management. IoT devices enable real-time monitoring of waste generation, container levels, environmental conditions, and movement through disposal phases, providing continuous, updated data to remote stakeholders. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data for predictive analytics, anomaly detection, and optimization of waste management processes. This integration enhances decision-making, transparency, and operational efficiency in safeguarding public health and the environment.
Leveraging AI and IoT for Efficient Hospital Waste Management Analysis
Authors: William P. , Vijayarajan S. M. , Balaji V. S. , Subramani Babu , Manivannan R. , Hajiyeva Rena J . , Alagarsamy Manjunathan
Published: January 2025

Hospital waste management is a critical aspect of healthcare operations, influencing public health, environmental sustainability, and operational efficiency. Traditional methods often rely on manual processes prone to errors and inefficiencies. This paper explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in optimizing hospital waste management. AI facilitates predictive analytics for waste generation trends and enhances waste segregation, while IoT enables real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making. Case studies and comparative analyses demonstrate significant improvements in efficiency, sustainability, and regulatory compliance with AI and IoT integration. The findings underscore the role of technology in creating safer, more sustainable healthcare environments.
The International Journal of Climatology
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu T. C. , Kannan P.
Published: January 2025

The paper analyses the documents published in the prominent journal ”The International Journal of Climatology” from 2011 to 2020 using scientometric parameters. Data was retrieved from Scopus data. This analysis covers mainly the kinds of publications, authorship and collaboration patterns, bibliographic coupling, subject wise distribution of articles, citation analysis, forms, year wise distribution of cited journals etc. The analysis indicates 98.36% of publications are articles. Climate Change, Climatology, Rain, Climate models are mostly used keywords. Majority of publications are from China followed by the USA, UK and India. And 47.28% publications are published as open access. Our study will give a broad range of perceptions for upcoming researchers by tracking the trends.
Challenges and Innovations in Indian Digital Libraries
Authors: Kumar Narendra
Published: January 2025

The future of libraries, in India has gained a lot of attention due to the impact of technology. This book chapter aims to explore the status of libraries in India and investigate the factors that influence their adoption and acceptance. The study focuses on four objectives; firstly, assessing people's awareness of libraries; secondly understanding their preference for digital libraries compared to traditional ones; thirdly analyzing the usage of digital libraries in comparison to traditional libraries; and finally evaluating whether there is enough infrastructure to support the growth of digital libraries. To gather data for this study we conducted a survey using convenience sampling. We then used a Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis to examine the relationships between aspects and determine their reliability and validity. The findings have been discussed Overall, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and library administrators to foster the growth and acceptance of digital libraries in India's dynamic and evolving knowledge ecosystem.
Knowledge Sharing in Academic Libraries
Authors: Asrifan Andi , Syawal Syawal , Weran Yohana Triana Ina , Sa'adah Lailatus , Rais Burhanudin , Sinaga Markus
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes how online resource management affects academic library knowledge exchange and user happiness. It shows how information technology improves service quality and meets varied user needs. The research presents a strategy framework for information services to identify key aspects that affect academic and student knowledge sharing. The study evaluates current practices and offers resource management improvements using structured interviews and surveys. The findings show that while some academicians give information, few learn from students. The study emphasizes the use of newspapers and educational websites to supplement academic sources. The project seeks to help academic libraries improve teaching by fostering collaborative and efficient knowledge-sharing.
An Evaluative Study on the Information Security With Special Reference to University Libraries of West Bengal
Authors: Chatterjee Abhijit , Chatterjee Anwesha
Published: January 2025

Information Security is the modern day threats that are significant in the areas of the library and information centre. The paper aims to contribute in the areas of digital security with a slant to the information security in library and information centre. The information security concepts along with the issues of such security in the libraries are detailed here. It was revealed that the information security in libraries can be important in the present day approach in the university libraries.
Staff Development Needs in TNHE and the Importance of Targeted Tailored Training and CPD
Authors: Morris Gareth Richard , Allardice Philip , Jeidani Mahmoud , Newbould Sam , Errington Luke , Zhang Weiqing
Published: January 2025

Transnational higher education is an increasingly prominent service format that numerous universities have engaged with in recent years as it provides an opportunity to realise development goals, generate income, and promote internationalization initiatives. In China, transnational, Sino-foreign cooperative initiatives are an established niche area. In 2023, the number of collaborative initiatives within the country was believed to be as high as 1400. Unsurprisingly, working within these novel environments can prove challenging necessitating systematic onboarding and measured training and professional development. This chapter considers the case of a Sino-British university in China and examines the training and professional development needs of a selection of the staff.
Intercultural Encounters
Authors: Allardice Philip James , Ezeh Collins , Jeidani Mahmoud , Zhang Weiqing , Shen Jia
Published: January 2025

As transnational higher education involves the international movement of curricula and personnel from one country to another, it may bring about myriad cross-cultural challenges. This non-empirical exploratory chapter examines the intercultural factors relating to staff development from three aspects. The first aspect is staff-student interaction, considering how the cultural backgrounds of both staff and students shape preferred pedagogical approaches, specifically in relation to feedback, as well as how motivation and performance affect classroom dynamics. Secondly, staff-staff interaction is examined by analysing the mismatch of expectations between employees and their respective TNHE institutions, highlighting intercultural nuances, awareness, and competence. Lastly, the chapter considers staff-third party interaction, investigating the extent to which TNHE staff engage with the broader professional community and its potential to positively impact intercultural staff development.
AI Learning and Talent Strategies in Transnational Education
Authors: L. B. Muralidhar , Sathyanarayana N. , Kumar V. Lava , Santhosh Y.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the integration of cultural agility, AI-driven learning, and future-proof strategies in transnational higher education. These components address globalization, technological advancements, and leadership challenges in diverse academic settings. By fostering inclusive environments and leveraging technology for personalized education, institutions can adapt to global demands, enhance resilience, and drive innovation. The research underscores the importance of developing talent pipelines and strategic frameworks to navigate the complexities of international education and leadership effectively.
Anomalous colourations in surface water bodies: causes and examples reported by the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection and Energy of Emilia Romagna (ARPAE)
Authors: Del Pasqua Michela , Bandini Fabrizio , Morandi Elena , Antonellini Rita , Masi Marcello , De Gioia Michele
Published: January 2025

Surface water can exhibit a range of colours beyond the expected blue or green. These anomalous colourations can be triggered by different factors, both natural and anthropogenic, and not always are signs of pollution. This note explores the phenomenon of water discolouration, focusing on natural causes and analysing how factors such as algal and bacterial blooms influence water colour. The study provides examples of specific events that occurred in the Emilia-Romagna region and documented by ARPAE and highlights the importance of monitoring these colouration events in order to provide valuable insights into the health of water bodies and the surrounding environment.
Longitudinal changes in the 6-minute walk test and the Glittre-activities of daily living test in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Abelenda Vera Lucia Barros , Da Costa Cláudia Henrique , De Cássia Firmida Mônica , De Oliveira Raphael Freitas Jaber , Rufino Rogério , Lopes Agnaldo José
Published: January 2025

With the increasing use of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in adults with cystic fibrosis (awCF), it is necessary to determine the evolution of the most dynamic physiological markers of this disease, such as the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the Glittre-activities of daily living test (TGlittre). The present study aimed to evaluate the 1-year changes in the 6- minute walking distance (6MWD), TGlittre time, and quality of life (QoL) in awCF before the initiation of HEMT and to determine the impact of habitual physical activity (HPA) and chest physiotherapy (CP). This longitudinal study enrolled 24 awCF who completed the 6MWT and TGlittre. Pulmonary function tests, handgrip strength (HGS), and the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) were conducted. Measurements were collected at baseline (T1) and 1 year later (T2). The median body mass index increased between T1 and T2 [19.8 (18-24) vs. 21.4 (19-24) kg/m2, p=0.038]. TGlittre time decreased both in relation to the absolute values [3.10 (2.52-3.39) vs. 2.40 (2.00-3.00) minutes, p=0.001] and in relation to the predicted values [127 (116-150) vs. 108 (102-140) % predicted, p=0.001]. Although there was no increase in 6MWD relative to the predicted values, it increased relative to the absolute values [545 (463-654) vs. 617 (540-658) meters, p=0.041]. In relation to the group that did not engage in HPA, individuals who had HPA showed an increase in HGS between T1 and T2 [7.1 (0-20) vs. 0 (-12-3) kgf, p=0.031]. In relation to the group that did not undergo CP, individuals undergoing CP showed an increase in the 'treatment burden'–CFQ-R between T1 and T2 [16.1 (-3-18) vs. -11.2 (-28-1) points, p=0.049]. In conclusion, awCF performed better on TGlittre than on 6MWT. They experienced an improvement in body composition. HPA was correlated with peripheral muscle strength, as were CP and QoL.
Asymptomatic testing people for SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare facilities: A systematic review
Authors: Oduwole Olabisi A. , Bassey Glory , Esebanmen Grace , Shoyinka Samuel , Ohenhen Johnsolomon , Cogo Elise , Henschke Nicholas , Ochodo Eleanor , Meremikwu Martin M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Asymptomatic testing involves the process whereby individuals who do not show symptoms of COVID-19 are tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using any of the available laboratory test techniques.Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of testing asymptomatic individuals visiting, living or working in healthcare facilities in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral infections.Setting: Healthcare databases.Method: Electronic databases were searched and limited to English language and studies published 2020 to 02 September 2022. Following the methods for rapid systematic reviews, data were analysed using a fixed effect model, and results of the effect estimate were reported as odds ratios (OR) with their confidence intervals (CI) (95% CI).Results: Databases’ searches yielded 3065 articles after deduplication and 3 studies by searching reference lists of included articles. After screening abstracts and full text articles, 3 cohort studies were included, each with serious risk of bias. Very low certainty evidence shows a decrease in occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the asymptomatic testing group among patients going for index surgery (OR: 0.05, 95 % CI: 0.00–0.82; 501 participants; 1 study) and among long term care facility staff (OR: 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.18–0.52; 3457 participants; 2 studies, I2 = 89%) than the ‘no asymptomatic testing’ group. However, its effect on their residents was contradictory.Conclusion: There is limited quality evidence to support asymptomatic testing of individuals for SARS-CoV-2 in the prevention of virus transmission in health care settings.Contribution: In the event of a future pandemic, this review offers current evidence on the potential effects of asymptomatic testing.
Location of Fracture Determining the Length of Hospital Stay in Maxillofacial Trauma Patients – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Saranya Cherukuri Nikitha , Srikanth Damera , Ganesh Pampana Siva , Sai R.S.G. Satya , Kiran Pattem Swathi , Kumar S.V.N. Hemanth
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The study aims to determine the variables influencing the patient’s hospital discharge following maxillofacial trauma.

Materials and Methods:

A 3-year retrospective analysis of patients with maxillofacial trauma was conducted on a total of 200 patients (n = 200) in this study. Clinical data were acquired from the medical case sheets of the patients who received treatment.

Results:

Patients experiencing panfacial trauma exhibited the longest hospital stays. A male preponderance was noted amongst the 200 cases. The most common cause of maxillofacial trauma was discovered to be road traffic accidents.

Discussion:

Patients with panfacial trauma and those with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures were found to have the longest hospital stay. The age groups of 20–29 and 30–39 account for the majority of instances.
Dosimetric comparative study of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), volumetric-modulated arc therapy (V-MAT) and hybrid V-MAT (H-VMAT) in radiotherapy of cancer of the esophagus
Authors: Divyashree N , Narayanan Geeta S , Banumathy G , Sowmya N
Published: January 2025

Background:

Chemoradiation is an important treatment strategy for esophageal cancer. Attempts to intensify treatment have been hampered by unacceptable toxicity. Newer techniques are more conformal to target structures but increase lung dose. H-VMAT technique uses a combination of 3D-CRT and V-MAT to gain advantages of both plans. We have undertaken this study to explore the advantages of this new technique by comparing planning target volume (PTV) coverage and evaluate doses to Organs at Risk (OAR) like lungs, heart, and spinal cord in 3D-CRT, V-MAT, and H-VMAT.

Methods:

The study includes 30 esophageal cancer patients planned for concurrent chemo-radiation. Three plans were generated for each patient for a dose of 5040 cGy/28 fractions and compared using conformality index (CI), conformation number (CN), homogeneity index (HI), and dose received by 95% of volume (D95%).

Results:

CI and CN were significantly better in V-MAT but HI was comparable in all three techniques. D95% was statistically significant with H-VMAT. The spinal cord dose for H-VMAT was more than V-MAT but lesser than 3D-CRT. Dose to heart with H-VMAT was higher than V-MAT but lesser than 3D-CRT. Lung was significantly better with H-VMAT.

Conclusion:

The H-VMAT plans had better PTV coverage when compared with 3D-CRT and V-MAT plans. Though doses to the spinal cord and heart were high with H-VMAT, they were lesser than 3D-CRT plans. Lung sparing was significantly better with H-VMAT plans. Hence H-VMAT takes the advantage of better PTV coverage with V-MAT and better lung-sparing with 3D-CRT.
Primary chondromyxosarcoma of maxilla-An enigmatic rare case report
Authors: Bahal Megha
Published: January 2025

Triple D, dreadful, drastic and dangerous, a clinical disorder which takes the mankind in panic, cancer and malignancy is a threat to psychological relief to patients and their peers. When hearing of cancer, often people turn around to sympathize and plead for quick recovery of the patient. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell division, often turns out to be malignant if metastasizes in distant tissues. Too many people seek evaluation for cancer, but a proper and prompt diagnosis is the question to be answered. Malignant tumours of connective tissue, being a rarity pose unnecessary situation of severe accompanied threats for the patient. One such being described in the presented case can prove how uncommon threats pose uninvited problems for the people. Often misdiagnosed, myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma can be the one to cause severe complications in the treatment planning, proving itself to be an enigma. The case presented is of a rare tumour, chondromyxosarcoma in a 22 year old male in the middle third of the face. The lesion presented as a diffuse swelling on the right maxillary region which progressed aggressively. The histopathological investigations revealed bi and tri nucleation with a moderate degree of nuclear pleomorphism. The diagnosis of chondromyxosarcoma was confirmed and the clinicopathological findings of this rare case has been presented thereafter.
The relationship between clinical and pathological findings and FDG - PET uptake in metastatic colorectal cancers
Authors: Kurt İnci Bediz , Gürler Fatih , Sütcüoğlu Osman , Tahtacı Gözde , Üner Aytuğ , Özet Ahmet , Günel Nazan , Yazıcı Ozan
Published: January 2025

Background:

In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the genetic structure and cell metabolism of the primary tumor lesion might be different from metastatic lesions. It is thought that cell-level glucose metabolism may differ due to the difference in RAS wild and mutant mCRC patients’ prognosis. In this study, we aimed to compare 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) uptake levels for KRAS mutation status and primary-metastatic tumor localization.

Methods:

Our study is a retrospective cohort analysis that included RAS mutation status study and staging-oriented 18F-FDG PET/CT conducted on mCRC patients.

Results:

There was no significant relationship between metastasis and primary tumor maximum Standardized uptake value (SUVmax) values according to the KRAS mutational status (P > 0.05). Patients with liver metastasis along with mutant BRAF mutation status had significantly higher SUVmax values in PET-CT scans (P = 0.04). There was a negative correlation between SUVmax values of lung metastases and overall survival (r = -0.35, P = 0.04). Patients with high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels had significantly higher SUVmax values of lung metastasis than patients with normal CEA levels (P = 0.009). Patients with high CA19-9 levels had significantly higher SUVmax values of liver, peritoneal, and bone metastasis than patients with normal CA19-9 levels (P = 0.002, P = 0.001, P = 0.004, respectively). There was no significant correlation between SUVmax values of metastasis and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values. Liver metastasis of right-sided mCRCs had significantly higher SUVmax values (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

We could not demonstrate a significant association between KRAS mutation and SUVmax values of PET scan in primary or metastatic tumor sites in advanced CRC.
Abiraterone acetate–induced delayed rhabdomyolysis: A rare presentation in metastatic carcinoma prostate
Authors: Bahl Ankur , Bansal Nupur , Shrivastav Gunjan
Published: January 2025

Rhabdomyolysis or muscle breakdown, characterized by increased serum creatine kinase, is a rare occurrence with the use of abiraterone acetate. A strong index of suspicion is needed to diagnose this condition as it can lead to fatal azotemia if timely intervention is not done. We present an unusual case in which a 70-year-old carcinoma prostate patient presented with progressive weakness and acute kidney injury. The patient showed improvement after aggressive medical management with creatine kinase levels falling after discontinuation of abiraterone acetate. It is important to check drug–drug interactions and possible adverse events before initiating any treatment. Recognition of such rare but dangerous adverse effects can lead to timely life-saving interventions.
Concurrent versus sequential hormonal and radiotherapy in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer
Authors: Abdeltawab Asmaa Abdeltawab Abdellah , Ali Samia A. K. , Mostafa Hanan G. E. , Hassan Mohamed A. E.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer worldwide. Hormonal and radiation therapy are a main concern during the treatment journey. There is no definite ideal time for the sequence of these modalities. The current work evaluates the optimal sequence.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was conducted in the Clinical Oncology department between January 2015 and December 2018. Postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer were randomly assigned into two groups: the concurrent group received letrozole with radiotherapy (RT) and the sequential group received letrozole 4 weeks after finishing RT. The radiation dose was 50 Gy over 5 weeks in 25 fractions in both treatment groups. All patients were followed up to assess radiation toxicity.

Results:

Thirty-five patients in the concurrent group and 40 patients in the sequential group were included in the study. After a median follow-up of 26 months, three patients (7.5%) in the sequential group and three (8.6%) in the concurrent group developed > Grade 2 late skin-related toxicity. Twenty percent of patients in the sequential group and 17% in the concurrent group developed > Grade 2 late cardiac adverse events. Sequencing of letrozole was not a significant factor related to the decrease in the mean values of left ventricular ejection fraction after treatment. Late pulmonary toxicity was diagnosed in 2.5% and 2.9% in the sequential and concurrent groups, respectively. No differences in the treatment-related complications and survival between the two treatment groups were observed.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that letrozole can be safely used concurrently or sequentially with RT.
ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma: A study of six cases from an oncopathology center in North India
Authors: Verma Ajita , Chowdhury Zachariah , Singh Anil , Kant Abhinav , Yadav Anil , Patne Shashikant C.U.
Published: January 2025

ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is a rare neoplasm with an aggressive course and poor therapeutic response to the standard R-CHOP regimen. Owing to its negativity for usual B- and T-cell markers and immunopositivity for epithelial markers, it can be easily misdiagnosed if it is not contemplated. To study the clinicopathological parameters of cases of ALK+ LBCL diagnosed at our institution. A retrospective observational study of ALK+ LBCL was conducted at a tertiary cancer center of North India with cases diagnosed over a period of 3 years. Six cases of ALK+ LBCL were identified. The clinical findings at presentation included mean age of 38.8 years, male-to-female ratio of 5:1, extranodal presentation (1/6 cases), concurrent extranodal and nodal involvement (3/6), nodal presentation (2/6), high serum LDH (5/5), and bone marrow involvement (1/5). Histomorphology of diffuse (100%), alveolar/nested (16.6%), and sinusoidal pattern (1 case upon relapse) and immunoblastic and plasmablastic morphology (100%) and immunopositivity in all cases for ALK-1 protein (100%), CD138 (100%), MUM1 (100%), LCA (100%) along with negativity for EBER-ISH/EBV-LMP1 immunohistochemistry clinched the diagnosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for ALK gene rearrangement was detected in 4/4 cases. Four patients received chemotherapy demonstrating relapse in 2 cases: residual disease and no response in one case each, along with death in 2 cases. A high degree of diagnostic suspicion is required for accurate recognition of ALK+ LBCL. Awareness of its histology, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetics is pivotal for precise identification of this rare entity.
Speciation and Drug Resistance of Enterococcal Species Isolated from Clinical Specimens: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mansoor Tabeen , Mushtaq Shazia , Taj Ruksana
Published: January 2025

Background:

Enterococci has an innate ability to acquire, accumulate, and disseminate extrachromosomal elements encoding virulence factors or antibiotic resistance genes. The increasing resistance to numerous antimicrobial drugs has considerably reduced the therapeutic choices for treating Enterococcal infections.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of different Enterococcal isolates.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months at Government Medical College Srinagar, Kashmir. A total of 455 non-duplicate Enterococcal isolates from hospitalized patients were analyzed. Species identification was performed using VITEK-2 compact system, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and MIC testing as per CLSI 2019 guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27.0, with P < 0.05 considered significant.

Results:

A majority of 455 Enterococcal isolates (48.4%) were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) or Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium). Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) were identified in 34.6% of E. faecium and 6.4% of E. faecalis isolates. All VRE isolates had considerable resistance to vancomycin (MIC ≥ 64 µg/mL). Furthermore, 97.7% of VRE isolates were resistant to penicillin, while 83.1% were resistant to several beta-lactam antibiotics. A total of 77.5% of the isolates shown resistance to high-level gentamicin resistance.

Conclusion:

The high incidence of multidrug-resistant Enterococci poses a substantial barrier for therapeutic management, particularly in resource-limited settings. These findings emphasize the urgent need for robust antimicrobial stewardship programs and enhanced infection control measures to prevent the spread of resistant strains in healthcare settings.
Cross-Sectional Study of Hypertension in Young: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Devi L Surbala , Bansal Naresh , Singhal Anuj , Shekhawat Vikram Singh , Nachankar Amit
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Nowadays, hypertension is seen in the young in whom it has a potential to cause target organ damage. The importance is to diagnose the secondary causes of hypertension in young and treat them to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study was planned for looking into the clinical profile of hypertension in young patients with the objective to evaluate the etiological profile in them.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out at tertiary care center from July 2021 to June 2022. All patients with hypertension below 35 years of age were systemically reviewed using a predesigned preapproved standardized pro forma. The patients were evaluated for all causes of secondary hypertension; else it was labeled as primary hypertension.

Results:

About 33.3% of patients were diagnosed to have primary hypertension and 66.6% of patients were diagnosed to have secondary hypertension. The 2:1 male-to-female ratio was seen in this study with mean age of 30.6 ± 3.8 years. The mean body mass index was 24.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2. About 13.3% of patients had a family history of hypertension, 40% were smokers, 33.3% had cardiac involvement, 26.7% had renal involvement, and 23.3% had eye involvement. Twenty percent of patients had raised low-density lipoprotein, whereas 16.7% of patients each had reduced high-density lipoprotein and hypertriglyceridemia. Ten percent of patients had associated type 2 diabetes mellitus and 3.3% had impaired fasting glucose.

Conclusion:

This study found that the majority of young patients had the secondary cause of hypertension which may be amenable to cure in certain cases. Hence, it is important to do extensive screening. This is further highlighted in young male hypertensive cases.
Enhancing AI-Inspired Analog Circuit Design: Optimizing Component Sizes with the Firefly Algorithm and Binary Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Hoang Trang
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the use of the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and its binary variant (BFA) in optimizing analog circuit component sizing, specifically as a case study for a two-stage operational amplifier (op-amp) designed with a 65nm CMOS process. Recognizing the limitations of traditional optimization approaches in handling complex analog design requirements, this study implements both FA and BFA to enhance convergence speed and accuracy within multi-dimensional search spaces. The Python-Spectre framework in this paperfacilitates automatic, iterative simulation and data collection, driving the optimization process. Through extensive benchmarking, the BFA outperformed traditional FA, balancing exploration and exploitation while achieving superior design outcomes across key parameters such as voltage gain, phase margin, and unity-gain bandwidth. Comparative analysis with existing optimization methods, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), underscores the efficiency and accuracy of BFA in optimizing circuit metrics, particularly in power-constrained environments. This study demonstrates the potential of swarm intelligence in advancing automatic analog design and establishes a foundation for future enhancements in analog circuit automation.
(Quantum) discreteness, spectrum compactness and uniform continuity
Authors: Chirvăsitu Alexandru
Published: January 2025

We prove a number of results linking properties of actions by compact groups (both quantum and classical) on Banach spaces, such as uniform continuity, spectrum finiteness and extensibility of the actions across several constructions. Examples include: (a) a unitary representation of a compact quantum group induces a continuous action on the

C^{*}

-algebra of bounded operators if and only if it has finitely many isotypic components, and hence is uniformly continuous; (b) a compact quantum group is finite if and only if its continuous actions on

C^{*}

-algebras lift to continuous actions on either the multiplier algebras or von Neumann envelopes thereof; (c) a (classical) locally compact group

\mathbb{G}

is discrete if and only if the forgetful functor from

\mathbb{G}

-acted-upon compact

T_{2}

spaces back to compact

T_{2}

spaces creates coproducts; (d) a representation of a linearly reductive quantum group has finitely many isotypic components if and only if its restrictions to two topologically-generating quantum subgroups, one of which is normal, do; (e) equivalent characterizations of uniform continuity for actions of compact groups on Banach spaces, e.g., that such an action is uniformly continuous if and only if its restrictions to a pro-torus and to pro-

p

subgroups are.
О струйных замыканиях особенностей
Authors: Chen Yifan , Zuo Huaiqing
Published: January 2025

Струйное замыкание и струйное приведенное замыкание были введены де Фернексом, Эйном и Ишии при решении задачи о локальном изоморфизме. В настоящей статье вводятся две локальные алгебры, связанные соответственно со струйным замыканием и струйным приведенным замыканием. Показано, что эти алгебры являются инвариантами особенностей. Вычисляются и исследуются эти инварианты в некоторых интересных случаях, к примеру, для мономиальных идеалов и однородных идеалов. В качестве приложения с помощью конечного числа струйных замыканий носителя удается различить особенности простых кривых, причем это число близко к числу Милнора особенности. Также вводится новая фильтрация и струйный индекс струйных замыканий. Струйный индекс указывает на струйную схему, по которой можно восстановить информацию об исходной схеме. Описываются некоторые свойства струйного индекса.
Библиография: 16 названий.
A Place of Ruptures and Bonds: The (Re)making of a Dublin Suburb
Authors: Bezlaj Alina
Published: January 2025

The Ballymun neighbourhood of Dublin has, in the relatively short period of its existence, undergone major transformations. Built in the 1960s as a high-rise housing estate, its material features were complete­ly transformed when in the context of a revitalisation and regenera­tion process it was demolished and constructed anew at the turn of the millennium. These material changes, however, have gone hand in hand with the changes in the social fabric of the place. They, in addition, also affected the sense of place of its inhabitants. It is this history, and the ways it continues to inform the lives and experiences of people today, that this book is ultimately about. Writing about it, the author has tried to take into consideration both the perspective of top-down pressures on the inhabitants and their area, as well as their own, grass-roots actions and agency in making the place of Ballymun.
Impact of human papillomavirus on the survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Kinshasa
Authors: Nzanza Matanda Christian , Katya Mpwate Serge , Mbatu Vincent , Azako David , Bokambanja Fabrice , Adedimeji Adebola , Anastos Kathryn , Yotebieng Marcel , Gedikondele Sokolo Jérôme , Wola Tshimpi Antoine , Kiswaya Sumaili Ernest , Nzanza Matanda Richard , Massamba Lebwaze Bienvenu
Published: January 2025

Context and objective. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the factors involved in the occurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This is also considered a predictive factor for the survival of HNSCC, especially in oropharynx. The objective was to identify predictors of HNSCC-related mortality and assess the impact of HPV status on the survival of patients with HNSCC. Methods. A historical cohort study was conducted in two reference hospitals in Kinshasa between 2012 and 2023. Kaplan Meier curves were constructed to describe survival (time to death) and were evaluated using the Log-Rank test. Predictors of mortality were tested by Cox proportional hazard. Results. 95 patients (mean age 52.5 ± 15.0 years, male, 64.2%) were included. HPV-positive patients had better overall survival than HPV-negative patients (440 vs 245 days; p ≤0.001). Oropharyngeal location [HR 0.523; 95% CI 0.337 – 0.813; p=0.004] and the expression of Protein 16 (p16) [HR 0.365; 95% CI 0.221 – 0.604; p<0.001] were the predictors of mortality in bivariate analysis. After adjusting the parameters, only the expression of p16 [HR 0.334; 0.185 – 0.605; p<0.001] significantly reduced patient mortality (p<0.001). Conclusion. Positive HPV status has a significant and favorable impact on the overall survival of HNSCC patients. 
Received: May 25th, 2024
Accepted: October 16th, 2024
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v18i1.3
Implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators: feedback of the first Congolese experience of an analytic case series
Authors: Nsimbi Lubenga Yves , Mabiza Kutoloka Christian , Balekelayi Tshilanda Marc , Piqueras Eric , Onembo Otshudi Noel , Mundedi Samafundu Yannick , Ipungu Gondele David , Kapela Mvuala Richard , Kabanga Tshionyi Etienne , Mfulani Mpenda Gibency , Bombato Moyambi Jonathan , Bangisha Katombe Anne , Mbala Kintoki Fabien , Phanzu Kianu Bernard , Bimbi Buila Nathan , M’Buyamba-Kabangu Jean Réné
Published: January 2025

Context and objective. Cardiac stimulation is a widespread and vital treatment worldwide for major conduction and excitability disorders. However, its practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is recent. The aim of this work was to present the first cases of cardiac pacing performed by a local team in the DRC. Methods. This multicenter analytical case series study described the implantation procedures and the characteristics of patients who benefited from pacemakers (PM) or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Results. A total of 88 patients underwent the PM or ICD implantation procedures. Their average age was 69.5±9.3 years with 54.5% men. Dyspnea (47%) and syncope (28%) were their major complaints and 3rd degree atrioventricular block (AVB) (68.3%) their main reason for implantation. The cephalic approach was the most used (56.8%) and 74% of PMs were dual chamber. Acute complications (19.3% of cases) consisted of bleeding (6%), convulsions (5%) and probe repositioning (3%); post-operative (8%) with pacemaker syndrom (2%), lead displacement (1%) and infection requiring complete extraction of the material (1%). Chronic kidney disease (OR=1.3[95% CI: 0.87-9.04];p=0.16) and hypertension (2.45[1.13-8.9]; p=0.01) increased the risk of acute complications, while age ≥65 years (1.78[1.11-16.2];p=0.02), male gender (2.49 [1.74-46.1];p=0.001), the use of anticoagulants/antiplatelets (1.66 [1.16-18.6];p=0.028) and an LVEF≤35% (3.08[1. 10-36.03];p=0.024) those of subacute complications. Conclusion. The practice of cardiac stimulation in the DRC is effective. The cephalic approach is the most practiced; dual-chamber devices are the most used and complications are rarely encountered.
Received: July 8th, 2024
Accepted: October 16th, 2024
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v18i1.4
Disparités d'âge et de sexe chez les patients en hémodialyse chronique : une étude rétrospective de 5 ans
Authors: Teuwafeu Denis Georges , Emoupa Penandjo Rodgerson L , Gobina Mbua Ronald , Elimbi Leonel , Halle Marie-Patrice , Ashuntantang Gloria
Published: January 2025

Context and objective. Age and gender can influence the course and outcome of patients in dialysis. This study aimed to evaluate the age and gender disparities in dialysis patients. Methods. This was a 5-year retrospective study of medical records of kidney failure (KF) patients who underwent maintenance haemodialysis between January 2016 and December 2020 in the Nephrology units of the Douala General Hospital and the Buea Regional Hospital. Results. Of the 354 patients enrolled, 63% were male and 21.1% were 65 years and above. Male patients were older, [49 years vs 45.5 years, p=0.027]. Male patients were initiated on dialysis early compared to females (5.56 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 4.85 ml/min/1.73m2, p= 0.060). Patients aged ≥ 65 years significantly had the highest glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at initiation (5.6 vs 7.86, p=0.005). Gender, and age did not influence the type of vascular access. Male patients were more hospitalized (22% vs. 6.8%, p=0.001). Patients aged ≥ 65 years had the highest proportion of hospitalizations within a year after initiation of maintenance HD (47.8% vs 24.2%, p=0.001). Mortality at one year was significantly higher in older age (51.0% vs 20%, p=0.0001) and in female patients (33% vs 63%, p=0.003). Conclusion. A divergence between gender (higher in male) and age (> 65 years) has been observed in chronic haemodialysis. However, the mortality rate is higher in women, and over 65 years age. 
Received: February 7th, 2024
Accepted: October 24th, 2024
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v18i1.5