bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Approach to SYM-H based Geomagnetic Storm Classifications using Statistical Features Extraction
Authors: Latiff Zatul Iffah Abd , Hairuddin Muhammad Asraf , Zainuddin Aznilinda , Ashar Nur Dalila Khirul , Jusoh Mohamad Huzaimy
Published: December 2024

Geomagnetic storms signi.icantly impact technological systems such as satellites, navigation, and power grids, necessitating accurate classi.ication methods to mitigate these effects. Traditional methods often fall short in capturing the complex nature of these storms. This study investigates the use of statistical feature extraction techniques on the SYM-H index time series to enhance geomagnetic storm classi.ication. By extracting features such as mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, variance intensity, and the number of peaks and troughs, the understanding of geomagnetic storm behaviour can be improved. In this study, we present that variance intensity and skewness are particularly effective in distinguishing between mild and severe geomagnetic storms, providing a more accurate classi.ication framework. ANOVA analysis was employed to reduce the feature set, con.irming the signi.icance of variance intensity and skewness for classi.ication purposes. The results indicate that severe storms exhibit higher variance intensity and more peaks and troughs, re.lecting their greater complexity compared to mild storms. These .indings suggest that advanced statistical feature extraction techniques, combined with rigorous feature selection through ANOVA, can signi.icantly enhance classi.ication models and resilience against geomagnetic disturbances, aiding in better preparedness and mitigation strategies for affected technological systems.
Geomagnetic Storm and Space Weather Perturbation via Magnetometer Analysis
Authors: Dagang A N , Adzni M A M , Umar R
Published: December 2024

A geomagnetic storm is a significant disturbance of Earth’s magnetosphere that occurs when there is a very efficient exchange of energy from the solar wind into the space environment surrounding Earth. Solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) are the events that cause space weather perturbations, which can disrupt all types of electronic equipment. This study aims to determine the relation between the Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) detection via magnetometer with space weather perturbation. The potential of this study is promising, as it can help to understand more about space weather perturbation and develop safer precaution steps. SpaceWeatherLive.com website was used to find the dates of solar events, including solar flares and CME. Solar parameter readings which were solar wind speed (Vsw), dynamic pressure (kPa), symmetric (SYM) disturbance index for the H component, and the interplanetary magnetic field (Bz), were recorded from the OMNI website. Next, the SuperMAG website was used to extract the N and Z components of ULF data from six magnetometers in six stations near the Earth’s equator. Proper graphs were plotted using the data obtained from both Omniweb and SuperMag websites, which averaged for every minute over a period of three days. The graphs obtained were analysed statistically using Pearson method correlations. The results show values of more than +0.5 or less than -0.5 for the Pearson method, proving that the ULF detection method could be related to space weather. Results with a value less than +0.5 or more than -0.5 have a weak correlation between both ULF data and space weather perturbation. ULF data could be used to understand space weather conditions better and help organize safety measures or create safer equipment when dealing with space weather perturbations in the future.
Analyzing Electron Beam-Induced Coronal Extreme Ultraviolet Emissions and Solar Radio Bursts Type III During M-Class Flares: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wan Mokhtar WZA , Ariffin AK , Daud ANM , Umar MF , Umar R
Published: December 2024

Solar flare events are triggered by the process of magnetic reconnection, which leads to a sudden release of stored magnetic energy and intensifies the electromagnetic emissions across the entire spectrum. In this preliminary study, we investigate the role of accelerated electron beams from acceleration site in enhancing Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) emissions in the solar corona and generating metric solar radio bursts type III (SRBT III) during M-class flare events. By focusing on six flare events associated with SRBT III, which occurred between June 15, 2024, and June 25, 2024, we utilize data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) network to conduct our analysis. Our analysis involves examining the temporal and spatial patterns of coronal 171 Å EUV emissions and Type III radio bursts during these M-class flare events. Additionally, we conducted a visual inspection of 171 A EUV image in the active region to observe changes in the coronal loops and structural modifications throughout the flare. Our findings reveal a significant temporal correlation between the EUV and Type III radio emissions, along with noticeable structural modifications in the EUV images. These observations suggest that accelerated electron beams originating from the acceleration site play a crucial role in driving both phenomena.
Geosites Exploration and Clustering Analysis of Geodiversity in UGGp Kebumen Geopark Based on the Similarity of Characteristics in a Geomorphosite
Authors: Dwi Raharjo Puguh , Widiyanto Kristiawan , Puswanto Eko , Isyqi  , Al’afif Mohammad , Farisan Ardhan , Aryo Wibowo Dimas , Yudaputra Angga , Aditya Insani Anugrah
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore and update geosite data in Kebumen Regency, which has been recognized as a UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp), reflecting the importance of this area in terms of geological diversity. This study aims to explore and update geosite data in Geopark Kebumen, which is an integral part of the existing geodiversity area, as well as clustering based on similarities in geological processes, characteristics, lithology, and geomorphology. The methods used include field exploration and laboratory analysis. The data obtained was then analyzed using a clustering approach to understand the geosite linkages. As a result, UGGp Kebumen Geopark is divided into six geomorphosite clusters: Melange Geomorphosite Cluster, which reflects mixed materials resulting from subduction processes; Olistolith Geomorphosite Cluster, which consists of large avalanches due to tectonic activity; Volcanic Geomorphosite Cluster, with ancient volcanic rock formations; Marine Sediment Geomorphosite Cluster, from marine sediment deposits; Karst Geomorphosite Cluster, which is formed from the dissolution of carbonate rocks, and Coastal Geomorphosite Cluster, which illustrates the interaction between land and sea. The geosite clustering method and geomorphosite units provide a deeper understanding of Kebumen’s geodiversity. This clustering helps identify geosite potential more specifically and facilitates geopark management. With accurate mapping, sustainable development planning becomes more effective, supporting environmental preservation, as well as tourism and education-based economic development, in line with sustainability principles.
The Role of Geological Information’s in The Development of Geopark Area in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Pachri Hendra , Azikin Busthan , Alimuddin Ilham
Published: December 2024

A geopark is a single geographical area with geological, biological, and cultural diversity. The purpose of geopark is to promote the earth’s heritage and prosper its people. Geoparks must have geological heritage sites and valuable landscapes related to geological, biological, and cultural diversity. Geological diversity is the backbone of geoheritage, geoconservation, and modern society. Geological diversity has a value of existence (regardless of its use), cultural, aesthetic, economic, functional, scientific, and educational values. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Culture Organization (UNESCO) has included the Maros Pangkep Geopark area in South Sulawesi as part of the UNESCO Global Park (UGG) in 2022. This has had a positive impact on several areas in South Sulawesi to create new geopark areas that have geological variations. Therefore, this paper provides information on the role of geological information in the development of geopark areas in the South Sulawesi Province. The research method used is field survey, data analysis through geological assessment and geosite as a source of geoheritage information. It is hoped that this research will provide geological heritage information towards a new geopark area after the Maros Pangkep Geopark in South Sulawesi.
Spatial Planning Recommendations for Geoheritage Areas against the Danger of Krakatoa Tsunami on the Southwest Coast of Banten
Authors: Nurohim Dede , Harnani  , Vina Febrim Dwi
Published: December 2024

Spatial planning of the southern coastal area of Java Island is an effort that must be made to mitigate the tsunami disaster. Several geoheritages and geoparks are spread across the West - Southwest region of Banten province. The presence of deposits resulting from volcanic tsunamis from Krakatoa Volcano in this area shows the importance of understanding and planning disaster mitigation based on spatial planning of volcanic tsunamis that may occur again to maintain the sustainability of several geoheritages such as Batuhideung, Cibiuk hot spring, as well as several other geoheritage sites and include with Ujung Kulon Geoparks. Landsat analysis, field surveys, and desk analysis are used. This research aims to obtain an overview in planning sustainable geoheritage development, considering disaster aspects, especially volcanic tsunamis. The simulation shows that the zone is a high – moderate prone area. Hence, recommendations for volcanic tsunami disaster mitigation are required to maximize the spatial planning of the coastal regions, which have not yet been implemented for sustainability and preserving the area’s geological heritage.
Geographic Information System Analysis on Evaluation of Geotourism Potential in Sumbawa West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia
Authors: Fatih Qodri Muhammad , Siah Siti , Verdiansyah Okki
Published: December 2024

The rise of geotourism has led to an increasing need for innovative and systematic methods to evaluate the geotourism potential of natural areas. This study focuses on Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing tools to assess its geotourism potential. By integrating spatial datasets with field data, this research was developed a comprehensive geological database for Sumbawa. This database was evaluated against geological phenomenon, access, infrastructure for conservation needs. The analysis identified key geosites and provided a framework for sustainable geotourism development in the region. Our findings highlight the potential of GIS as a valuable tool in geotourism planning, offering insights into site suitability, accessibility, and management strategies. The approach used in this study can be applied to other geologically rich areas, contributing to the development of geotourism and the conservation of geological heritage.
Community Based Development in the Bojonegoro Geopark
Authors: Hendratno Agus , Wahyu Purnomo Putra Bagaskara , Hadi Barianto Didit , Fatarwin Lubis Irvan , Soko Pringgondani Aji
Published: December 2024

Bojonegoro Geopark is one of the national geoparks in Indonesia. Bojonegoro Geopark is located in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java Province with the main theme of Petroleum Geoheritage. Bojonegoro Geopark have a target to develop and become part of the Unesco Global Geoparks (UGGp). The main challenge is the community participation on Geopark development. Therefore, this paper provides the community-based development and strategic approach of Geopark Bojonegoro. Data was collected by field visits and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving stakeholders and communities around the Geopark area. Based on the results of SWOT analysis from aspirations obtained through Focus Group Discussion, first thing that has to be fixed is coordinating and restructuring the management system of Bojonegoro Geopark. Then, based on the proposal for development of geoheritage, Bojonegoro Geopark have to improve infrastructure such as road access, signboards and information boards at the geosite location as well as the improvement of guiding skills and knowledge for local guides (short term). The next step is regarding the development of public infrastructure, empowerment of non-guide communities, and development of villages from destination locations to become geotourism - based tourist villages (medium – long term). With these points, it is hoped that it can be used by stakeholders as a guide in developing for the Bojonegoro Geopark Area as one of the UNESCO Global Geoparks.
Geotourism Potential of Curug Jompong, Jelegong Village, West Bandung Regency
Authors: Aura Lovetine Grace , Maulida Gina , Joko Suprapto Sabtanto , Lumban Raja Denny , Priatna  , Saputra Adang
Published: December 2024

Bandung City is a part of Bandung Basin with surrounded by hills. On the western edge of the basin, there is a steep hill ridge stretching from north to south, cut by a narrow valley, the Citarum River Valley, where Curug Jompong is located. This is the site where the Ancient Bandung Lake breached. The aim of this study is to understand why the Ancient Bandung Lake breached at this location. The results can be used to develop the Curug Jompong Area into a geotourism destination. The methodology involves observing landforms, lithology, geological structures, petrography, XRD, and chemical analysis, and drones mapping. In the research area, the drainage pattern is shaped by intense joints, faults from tectonic activity and magma cooling process. The lithology is composed of andesite intrusions, which are typically resistant to erosion. The intrusion body has undergone phyllic alteration with alteration minerals such as chlorite, calcite, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, quartz, and albite. The fault and joint structures, as well as the intensively developed phyllic alteration in Curug Jompong, have reduced the resistance of igneous rocks to erosion, resulting in the formation of the Citarum River valley, which drained water from the Bandung Basin, draining the Ancient Bandung Lake. Thus, this unique geological feature of the Curug Jompong may have potential for geotourism development in the West Bandung Regency
Geotourism Case Study: Hot Spring Water at Pancuran-7 and 3
Authors: Iswahyudi Sachrul , Widagdo Asmoro , Aziz Zaenurrohman Januar , Adi Prasetya Yogi , Irayani Zaroh , Anom Raharjo Sukmaji
Published: December 2024

The geothermal manifestations of Pancuran-3 and Pancuran-7 hot springs in Baturaden, Banyumas, Central Java, has significant potential to be developed as geotourism sites foccusing on geological education. This study aims to explore how these geothermal features can be utilized to enhance geological understanding among visitors through effective interpretative approaches. The research methods include field observations, and a review of relevant literature on geothermal processes and geological interpretation techniques. The findings reveal that Pancuran-3 and Pancuran-7 hot springs are not only aesthetically appealing but also offer a unique opportunity to study geothermal phenomena, such as the formation of hot springs, water chemistry, and the interaction between volcanic activity and hydrogeology. Interpretative approaches involving informative signage, and guided tours by geologists can enhance the educational experience for visitors. Furthermore, the potential for developing field-based educational programs at this site is highly relevant, given Baturaden’s proximity to several prominent universities with geology programs, such as Jenderal Soedirman, Gadjah Mada, and Diponegoro Universities. Therefore, integrating geological information into geotourism in Baturaden not only contributes to the preservation of geoheritage but also supports the advancement of scientific knowledge serving for sustainable tourism development.
Luwuk Banggai Geoheritage: A Story about the Collision and Obduction of the Banggai Microcontinent
Authors: Hadi Barianto Didit , Indra Novian Moch , Husein Salahuddin , Syamsy Andi Nur
Published: December 2024

Various publications have discussed the geological uniqueness of Banggai-Sula in numerous scientific papers. This interest increased particularly after the discovery of petroleum in the area, making it the only oil field operating on Sulawesi Island. In this region, a rather rare geological phenomenon occurs: obduction, which has brought ophiolite rocks from the eastern arm of Sulawesi (East Sulawesi Ophiolite belt) into collision with the Banggai-Sula microcontinent. This obduction process has resulted in various rock exposures related to the formation of the Luwuk landmass, the presence of nickel minerals, and the emergence of petroleum. The local government of Luwuk Regency then proposed to designate this area as a geopark with the aim of conserving its various rock exposures, developing earth science-based education, and empowering the community through tourism enhancement.

Based on field observations, there are three geosites related to ophiolites, two geosites related to the Banggai-Sula microcontinent, two geosites related to post-collision sedimentation, and two geosites related to obduction and fault zones that will be proposed as geoheritage sites. All of these sites are located in areas with good access, beautiful views, and highly unique exposures. They could all become attractive locations for conservation, study, and development into tourist destinations.
Improving Tourism Village Quality through the Development of the Geotrail in Genggelang Village, Rinjani-Lombok UGGp. Area
Authors: Ang Meliawati , Dwi Anggraini Juraedah , Khairunnisa Syahirah , Aniqusyita Malsa , Husna Syihab Kholisa , Puspita Varera Rataliya , Kholis Hudaya M. , Septiana R.
Published: December 2024

Rinjani-Lombok UGGp has a geological heritage in the form of traces of the Samalas Eruption in 1257, which are dispersed among 22 geological sites. One of them is the Waterfall in Gangga Geosite at Genggelang Village, which is part of the geopark’s main geotrail namely ‘Rinjani Cultural Landscape’. Genggelang itself is one of 99 tourism villages in West Nusa Tenggara Province, where the geosite is the main attraction. This tourism village was actually being developed to become a sustainable tourism village. Unfortunately, the earthquake in 2018 had a tremendous impact on North Lombok Regency, including Genggelang Village. In addition to the loss of lives and property, the earthquake had enormous losses economic impact, particularly on North Lombok’s tourism industry. Tourism in this village has yet to revive, thus innovative efforts are required to market Genggelang as an attractive tourism destination. One of the initiatives made is to integrate village’s potential, including its primary geotourism attractions and create an interesting geotrail. This geotrail can serve as the foundation for developing geotour packages and action plans for tourism development. The methods employed include focus group discussion, in-depth interviews with Genggelang figures and field surveys. According to the findings of the study, there are eleven appropriate key attractions for usage in the geotrail. The main attractions include geological features, biodiversities and prominent community culture. Some of them include Waterfall in Gangga Geosite, coffee and chocolate, and the village museum. The SWOT analysis reveals that Genggelang has a broad village potential, some of which have been highly valued nationally. Furthermore, the village’s proximity to 3 Gili and located in the geopark area provide opportunities for further development. However, human resources and the threat of disasters are the most pressing issues in Genggelang. So, the construction of this geotrail must be followed by the implementation of short and long-term action plans. This action plan necessitates the participation of relevant stakeholders.
Karang Panganten as a Geological Education Facilities in West Bandung Regency
Authors: Muhaimin Nurul , Yuki Azzahra Shafa , Lumban Raja Denny
Published: December 2024

Karang Panganten is an integral part of the Citatah Karst Area, known for its geological uniqueness and richness. This area reflects traces of complex geological dynamics, especially related to fault activities and other geological structures. In the Miocene era, about 25 million years ago, the Karang Penganten area was a shallow marine environment. The subsequent orogenesis activity lifted these limestone rocks to the surface, forming a unique karst landscape that characterizes the Karang Panganten we know today. Field observations show that the Karang Panganten area is heavily influenced by fault activities, such as tensile joints, fault breccias, and slickensides. One important finding in this observation is the slickenside, a smooth surface formed by friction between two rock blocks moving relative to each other. This slickenside provides clues to the relative movement direction between the two blocks and is an important indicator of tectonic activity in this region. This makes the Karang Panganten Area an educational facility object that showcases geological uniqueness in the West Bandung Regency area.
Landslide Hazard Mitigation for Sustainability Settlement in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatera
Authors: Putra Iqbal E. , Suryadana Kibar M. , Hadiyansyah Dian
Published: December 2024

The landslides around the Maninjau Caldera rim, particularly in the south, have posed a significant threat to lives over the years. Settlements nestled between Maninjau Lake, and the caldera wall are highly vulnerable to these hazards, and relocation is not feasible due to the scarcity of suitable land. The aim of study is to identify the safest area based on historical landslide data which is crucial for mitigation works in developing the Ngarai Sianok-Maninjau Geopark. This paper provides the affected delineation from the recent landslide compared to older events by identifying colluvial sediment and its morphological characteristics. The most recent major landslide occurred on July 13, 2023, in the Tanjung Raya District following heavy rainfall. The western and southern sections of the caldera rim, characterized by the steepest slopes, are most prone to landslides. Approximately 43 landslides with debris flow mechanisms along the inner caldera rim cover 3 villages (Nagari), namely Koto Malintang, Tanjung Sani, and Sungai Batang. Landslide debris in the southeast consists mainly of muddy sand, contrasting with the gravel and boulder sediment found elsewhere. All landslides originate in intermittent streams, creating sediment fans up to 50 meters wide downstream. Given this fan-shaped pattern, dispersed residential development is advisable over clustered housing, especially in Jorong (hamlet) Pantas, Nagari (village) Tanjung Sani. The high susceptibility of all drainage channels to landslides makes the main road vulnerable to disruption. Water transportation is strongly recommended as an alternative to prevent residents from becoming isolated if the main road is blocked.
Landslide Indications Based on Geological Structure Image and Field Analysis Cipatat District, West Bandung District, West Java Province
Authors: Sulastri Murni , Abdurahman Oman , Adam Permana Reza , Lumban Raja Denny , Saputra Adang , Paramarta Raditya Rendra Pradnya , Wahyuni Sri , Sulaksana Nana
Published: December 2024

The area has a limestone lithology of the Rajamandala Formation and is included in the karst landscape. It has a fault zone located in the north and south of the Cipatat Area. The method used is studio observation in the form of geological alignment, field observation to measure the direction and slope of the geological structure in the research area in the form of fractures and faults to determine the direction of the main stress. Then, an analysis was carried out using a rose diagram. The results of the form of a geological structure alignment map along with field data and its analysis. The main results obtained confirm that the geological structure of the Cipatat area is west-east which is controlled by the Karangpanganten fault, and lithological information is obtained that the research area is limestone of the Rajamandala Formation. from these data it shows that the Cipatat area is prone to landslides because it is controlled by tectonics and lithology that are less compact.
Detection of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) infection in Weeds Associated with Banana Plantation in Caraga Region
Authors: Parac Elizabeth P. , Medrano Apple Jean R. , Porras Jezmeir Rey C.
Published: December 2024

Weeds are a significant threat to crop production, reducing the quantity and quality of agricultural yield and creating ecological problems. With the rising incidence of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), this study investigates the epidemiological role of natural weed hosts in the transmission dynamics of BBTV. Early and accurate detection of BBTV is crucial for controlling its dissemination and minimizing its economic impact. A survey was conducted in major banana plantations in the Caraga Region to identify potential reservoir hosts of BBTV. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with BBTV-REP primers, BBTV was detected in banana plants and several weed species. Among the 50 weed samples collected from abaca plantations, five species were identified and found infected with BBTV. These include Boehmeria nivea, Donax canniformis, Hellenia speciosa, Philodendron giganteum, and Joinvillea ascendens. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding BBTV transmission between plant species to develop more effective control strategies. Molecular diagnostics, like PCR, are critical tools for plant health management, and targeted management practices must be implemented to protect banana crops from BBTV and prevent its spread through the surrounding vegetation.
Prediction of Moisture Content in Gambir Leaf Herbal Tea Using NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Andasuryani Andasuryani , Cherie Dinah , Putra Nelfi Fuja
Published: December 2024

Gambir leaf herbal tea is an innovative product made from Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.), which can potentially be an export product. Considering its hygroscopic nature, moisture content is an imperative indicator for controlling the stability of Gambir leaf herbal tea quality. This research intends to investigate near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to estimate the moisture content of herbal tea made from Gambir leaves. We placed powdered Gambir leaf herbal tea samples in a petri dish, using 20-21 g per sample. The number of samples used was 60. We obtained the reflectance of herbal tea from Gambir leaves using NIR spectroscopy at 1000 to 2500 nm. The oven method determined the reference moisture content. A calibration model was developed using the partial least squares (PLS) regression method. Furthermore, the model acquires standard error in the calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) are 0.36 and 0.43, respectively. The model had a determination coefficient of prediction set (R2p) of 0.95 and Residual Predictive Deviations (RPD) of 4.38. This study proves that NIR spectroscopy is reliable in presupposing the moisture content of herbal tea made from Gambir leaves.
Analysis of Rainfall Projections in Historical and Future Periods Using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phase 6 in Indonesia
Authors: Hanafi Alfian , Khoiru Zaki Muhamad , Setyawan Chandra
Published: December 2024

Climate change is a phenomenon that occurs today and has great potential in the future. The impact of this climate change phenomenon is hydrometeorological disasters such as 7loods, droughts, and storms, where the agricultural sector is the most vulnerable sector to the impact of these issues. Therefore, the aims of this study to assess the conditions that have occurred in the past (between 1950 - 2013) to project the potential that will occur in the future (between 2035 - 2080) of hydrometeorological disasters. The model results show that historically, areas with tropical rainfall (Af), tropical monsoon (Am), and tropical savanna (Aw) climate types experienced a decrease in total annual rainfall of up to 500 mm/year during 1950 - 2013. However, in contrast, future projections for the region show a signi7icant increase with a rainfall range of 3000 - 4500 mm/year. The above conditions will certainly spread to various problems in other agricultural cultivation environments such as soil capability levels to research results so that research on the study of rainfall conditions and hydrometeorological disasters is very important.
Potential of Black Soldier Fly compost: physical and chemical characteristics of BSF compost from several types of organic materials
Authors: Sebayang N U W , Lubis N
Published: December 2024

Organic fertilizer produced from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae is a solid organic fertilizer that can optimize growth because it contains various nutrients plants need. This study aims to determine the nutrient content of BSF fertilizer by SNI using several raw materials. This study was conducted from February 2024 to May 2024. Maggot cultivation with various types of organic material sources was carried out in the Medan Selayang District. Testing of the chemical and biological properties of BSF fertilizer was carried out in different laboratories. Testing of physical and chemical properties was carried out at the Laboratory of the Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency, Medan, Indonesia. The results of the study found that the best physical properties of BSF fertilizer were obtained in the treatment of fruits and vegetables with a very fine texture. Chemically, BSF fertilizer that has a nutrient content by SNI 19-7030 in 2004 is in the BSF 5 treatment (mixture) consisting of rice, vegetables, fruit, and goat manure. However, in the BSF 4 treatment (goat manure) it takes longer for the BSF fertilizer to be decomposed by BSF larvae properly because the C/N value is still above 20.
Rotational rice transplanting schedule to prevent water scarcity in West Sumatra
Authors: Wardiman D , Oue H , Irsyad F
Published: December 2024

Rice production in West Sumatra decreased due to the impact of climate change. One of the efforts to prevent water scarcity in the rice field is improving water management on the community scale. This study aimed to observe rice water management to prevent water scarcity. The research was conducted in the Tilatang Kamang subdistrict, Agam Regency, through field observation and interviews from November 2023 to April 2024. P3A Namuang Saiyo manages the water management for rice fields. Farmers used a rotational transplanting schedule to prevent water scarcity by cultivating rice 2-month intervals between the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas. The rice cultivated in 2023 shows yields in the areas of 3.48 t ha−1, 3.88 t ha−1, and 3.74 t ha−1, respectively, using a conventional transplanting system (CU) of 37 x 37 cm. However, other conventional transplanting systems help farmers manage fertilizer with sizes 70 x 18 x 53 cm (M1) and 12 x 37 x 37 cm (M2). The results show that CU obtained a higher yield by 3.88 t ha−1, followed by M2 (2.87 t ha−1) and M1 (2.23 t ha−1).
Local Taste versus Global Flavors: A Qualitative Study of Consumer Perceptions on Domestic and Imported Fruit Products
Authors: Ridel Saviola Timban Aimar , Rahman Saili Abdul , Gladys Jocom Sherly , Ruth Mandei Juliana , Mahirah Merali Mashitah
Published: December 2024

The global marketplace has become increasingly saturated with a diverse range of fruit products, posing significant challenges for marketers and businesses in understanding consumer behavior towards these products. This study aims to investigate consumers’ perception of domestic and imported fruits, employing a qualitative approach to explore the complexities of consumer preferences and decision-making processes in the fruit market. This research was conducted from July to September 2023 in Manado City, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Sixty interviews were conducted, with participants selected through convenience sampling and the data was analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results reveal that consumer perceptions of domestic and imported fruit products are multifaceted, with safety concerns, flavor preferences, affordability, accessibility, and cultural influences playing significant roles. The findings of this study offer several practical implications for industry stakeholders and provide strategy to strengthen and enhance of both marketing of domestic and imported fruits.
The Influence of Nitrogen and Potassium in Boesenbergia rotunda Growth Dynamics
Authors: Wahid S , Samah S N A A , Yusuf N A , Rahayu M S , Hishamuddin F , Yazik Z H AB , Othman N M I , Abdullah F A
Published: December 2024

Boesenbergia rotunda, also referred as ‘Temu Kunci’ is a Zingiberaceae herb widely grown in Malaysia by vegetative techniques. The rhizome of ‘Temu kunci’ is extensively used in conventional medicine to treat gout, gastrointestinal issues, and other conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the growth dynamics of B. rotunda by establishing its phenological growth stages using the extended BBCH scale and assessing how nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization affected plant’s growth development and yield production. Rhizomes were planted in a 3 : 2 : 1 ratio into a mixed planting medium (topsoil, sand, and chicken dung). Eight combination treatments with four replications were used in this experiement, which was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two N levels and four K levels. The N levels were 60 and 120 kg N ha−1, and the K levels were 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1 for each N level, while the P level was kept constant at 70 kg ha−1. Fertilizers such as Urea, CIRP, and MOP were supplied four times during the planting period (32, 64, 95, and 125 DAS). Phenological, growth development and yield potential data were collected and analyzed using one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result indicated that T2 at 60 N kg/ha and 60 K kg/ha was the optimal quantity of N and fertilization to increase growth and yield production of B.rotunda . Principal Growth Stage 0: Bud development, Principal Growth Stage 1: Leaf development, Principal Growth Stage 2: Formation of stems/tillering and Principal Growth Stage 6: Flowering were the four growth phases of B. rotunda that were also identified using the extended BBCH scale.
Insights into the molecular underpinning of type 2 diabetes complications
Authors: Singh Archit , Bocher Ozvan , Zeggini Eleftheria
Published: December 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications pose a significant global health challenge. Omics technologies have been employed to investigate these complications and identify the biological pathways involved. In this review, we focus on four major T2D complications: diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular complications. We discuss advancements in omics research, summarizing findings from genetic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies across different ancestries and disease-relevant tissues. We stress the importance of integrating multi-omics techniques to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying T2D complications and advocate for ancestrally diverse studies. Ultimately, these insights will improve risk prediction for T2D complications and inform translation strategies.
Private Law, Statutory Powers and Environmental Disputes: Manchester Ship Canal Company v United Utilities (No 2)
Authors: Hariharan Jeevan
Published: December 2024

In Manchester Ship Canal Company Ltd v United Utilities Water Ltd (No 2) the UK Supreme Court unanimously held that the Water Industry Act 1991 did not prevent claims being brought in trespass or nuisance against United Utilities for foul water discharges into the Manchester Ship Canal. The judgment is significant because it opens the door to similar claims being brought against sewerage undertakers, which many had thought were statutorily blocked off following the House of Lords’ decision in Marcic v Thames Water Utilities Ltd. While the result of the decision has understandably been welcomed by environmental groups, this analysis argues that the Supreme Court’s reasoning reveals a more complex picture. In particular, the court’s refusal to overrule Marcic and the expansive way the court conceives of the private rights of property holders are matters for concern for anyone looking to private law as a way of remedying environmental harms.
The Long-Run Labour Market Effects of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Kovak Brian K , Morrow Peter M
Published: December 2024

This article assesses the long-run effects of the 1989 Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement on the Canadian labour market using matched longitudinal administrative data for the years 1984–2004. We simultaneously examine the labour market effects of increased export expansion and import competition, generally finding adverse effects of Canadian tariff cuts and favourable effects of U.S. cuts, though both effects are small. Workers initially employed in industries that experienced larger Canadian tariff concessions exhibit a heightened probability of layoffs at large firms, but little impact on long-run cumulative earnings. Lower earnings and years worked at the initial employer are offset by gains in other manufacturing industries, construction, and services. Canadian workers quickly transitioned out of industries facing import competition, with the bilateral nature of the FTA providing import-competing workers employment options in alternative manufacturing industries benefiting from larger U.S. tariff cuts.
Simulations of Overhead Irrigation in a Greenhouse Setting Reveal the Potential for Splash Dispersal of Fusarium oxysporum Microconidia
Authors: Cullen Matthew , Dufault Nicholas Steven
Published: December 2024

Management of Fusarium wilt of Watermelon, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, or Fon, requires pathogen monitoring in watermelon production systems. This includes checking for inoculum dispersal in production greenhouses. Fon microconidia were subjected to simulated overhead irrigation to test their capacity for dispersal in a greenhouse setting and evaluate the effect of irrigation drop height on the dispersal patterns. In all trials, a single overhead irrigation event for a single contaminated seedling tray resulted in contamination of all adjacent trays and indicated a potential for microconidia dispersal of over 70 cm. No difference was detected in spore dispersal patterns based on drop height. The findings of these studies provide possible guidance for scouting protocols and a framework for studies in similar plant disease systems for greenhouse settings.
Surgical Reconstruction of Unstable, Hypoplastic Fingertips With Allograft and BMP-2 Augmentation: Surgical Technique and Case Series
Authors: Hanson Zachary , Casey Peter , Lourie Gary M.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Unstable hypoplastic digits can lead to poor function due to instability with pinch and manipulation of objects. The primary goals of surgical reconstruction in these patients are to create 2 stable digits for pinch and improve finger opposition, pinch strength, and digit mobility. In this paper, we present a surgical technique and case series of pediatric patients who underwent surgical reconstruction of unstable/telescoping hypoplastic fingertips using bony allograft augmented with BMP-2.

Materials and Methods:

A surgical technique for reconstruction of unstable, hypoplastic fingertips was performed using a bony allograft augmented with BMP-2. The series included pediatric patients with hypoplastic digits with instability affecting grip-pinch strength and hand prehension.

Results:

Ten patients between the ages of 2 and 4 years were included, with 8 thumbs and 2 index fingers being reconstructed. All 10 patients developed clinically stable digits with parent-reported improvements in pinch-grip function including using a switch, opening a bag, and putting on clothes. Postoperative radiographic outcomes did not show any cases of bony overgrowth; 2 patients had evidence of bony resorption though this did not correspond to a significant change in finger length postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Hypoplastic fingertip reconstruction using bony allograft augmented with BMP-2 is a surgical option for the stabilization of unstable hypoplastic fingertips in congenital hand anomalies. The use of allograft augmented with BMP-2 eliminates donor site morbidity seen with autograft reconstructive options and may limit the concerns with healing/incorporation traditionally reported with allograft use in the literature.
More than “Brain Fog”: Cognitive Dysfunction and the Role of Occupational Therapy in Long COVID
Authors: Skiffington Helen , Breen Ciara
Published: December 2024

Long COVID is a disabling condition which affects occupational performance and quality of life. It interferes with activities of daily living, work, and many meaningful life roles. Cognitive dysfunction is a frequently reported symptom, yet it is commonly overlooked. It is important that cognitive activity is considered when working with people with long COVID, particularly when identifying triggers of post exertional symptom exacerbation. There are many potential mechanisms that could be driving cognitive dysfunction in long COVID including neuroinflammation, viral persistence, vascular damage, and orthostatic intolerance. It is important to consider these to help guide intervention. The purpose of this clinical perspective is to highlight the debilitating impact of cognitive dysfunction in those with long COVID and share the key role of occupational therapists in this area. Cognitive dysfunction may be missed on standardized assessments as they may not be sensitive enough due to the episodic nature of symptoms. Occupational therapists can play a key role in this area as they are experts in assessing occupational performance and in providing safe cognitive assessment and rehabilitation.
A Physiotherapy Framework to Managing Long COVID: A Clinical Approach
Authors: Peirce Scott , Taylor Mitchell , Pollok Talia , Holtzhausen Samantha , Peirce Brooke , DeMars Jessica
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can experience ongoing, often debilitating symptoms after the acute infection known as Long COVID (LC). LC has profound medical, social, and economic consequences worldwide. Prevalence estimates vary, but it is estimated that 10% to 35% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop LC. The World Health Organization endorses physiotherapy as a vital component in LC symptom management and stabilization. Cardiorespiratory physiotherapists are often involved in the management of patients with LC phenotypes such as post-exertional malaise/post-exertional symptom exacerbation, post-COVID interstitial lung disease, dysautonomia, breathing pattern disorders, and chronic cough. However, specific guidance is lacking regarding physiotherapy assessment and safe intervention strategies. In this review, we describe the relevant pathophysiology of the condition, report common clinical phenotypes, and propose a clinical framework for physiotherapy assessment and safe intervention strategies.
Development of surgical robots: A brief history
Authors: Wang Honglin , Zhang Jiayao , Cai Min , Yang Rongqian , Guan Peifeng , Li Zhengrong , Meng Qinghu , Ye Zhewei
Published: December 2024

The surgical robot is a complex integrating a number of modern high technologies. It results from the cross-integration and development of medical knowledge with mechanical engineering, intelligent control, advanced sensing technology, and other disciplines. Surgical robots improve the quality of medical services by providing patients with precise, minimally invasive, and intelligent surgical operations. Throughout the development history of surgical robots, with the improvement of the stability and flexibility of robots and the advancement of precise positioning technology, navigation technology, and automation technology, the current robots can perform more complex surgical operations. It has been widely used in orthopaedics, urology, neurosurgery, gastrointestinal surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, gynecology, and many other departments and has achieved good clinical results. Based on the field of surgical robot application, this paper introduces the development history of the main types of surgical robots in detail, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of current surgical robots, and looks forward to the main development directions in the future to provide ideas for further research on surgical robots.
Interobserver Reliability of the 5-Point Deauville Score and SUV-Based Quantification of FDG PET/CT Scans in High-Risk Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Lee Inki , Milgrom Sarah A. , Im Hyung-Jun , Pei Qinglin , Renfro Lindsay , Hoppe Bradford S. , McCarten Kathleen M. , Schwartz Cindy L. , Cole Peter D. , Kelly Kara M. , Cho Steve Y.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In lymphomas, the Deauville score (DS) standardizes 18F-FDG PET treatment response assessments. We assessed interobserver agreement of the DS and developed a quantitative PET-based parameter to minimize subjectivity of response assessments.

Methods

PET scans performed within the Children’s Oncology Group AHOD0831 study were analyzed. One hundred one scans obtained after the first cycle of chemotherapy (PET1) and 83 obtained after the second cycle (PET2) were eligible for inclusion. Each scan was assigned a DS by 2 nuclear medicine radiologists and a Hodgkin lymphoma index (HLI), defined as the ratio of the tumor’s SUVmax or SUVpeak to the liver’s SUVmean. Cohen κ coefficient measured the rate of agreement of the DS assigned by the 2 radiologists. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden index were used with the consensus DS to identify an optimal HLI cutoff value to distinguish PET-negative from PET-positive images. For each HLI cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated.

Results

Interobserver agreement in DS was moderate (PET1: κ = 0.480, P < 0.001; PET2: κ = 0.428, P < 0.001). On PET1, the optimal cutoff values for HLImax were 1.19 for DS2/DS3 and 1.78 for DS3/DS4, and for HLIpeak were 1.19 for DS2/DS3 and 1.44 for DS3/DS4. On PET2 images, the corresponding values were 1.18, 1.58, 0.94, and 1.26. The most accurate predictor was HLImax on PET2 when scans were dichotomized as DS1–DS3 versus DS4–DS5 (accuracy, 92.8%; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 91.8%).

Conclusion

The HLI provides an objective, quantitative measure of disease response and thus may improve interreader agreement for lymphoma response assessments.