bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Öğrenci Projelerinin Genellenebilirlik Kuramı ile İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZBAŞI Durmuş , ARCAGÖK Serdar
Published: January 2022

Öğrencilerin bilimsel araştırma yöntemlerini kullanarak bu konudaki becerilerinin artmasını sağlayan projeler aynı zamanda çok yönlü düşünme becerilerinin de gelişmesine olumu yönde katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının hazırlamış oldukları projelerin bağımsız puanlayıcılar (jüriler) ile puanlanarak elde edilen ölçümlerin genellenebilirlik kuramı ile incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunda, 12 öğretim üyesi, 6 proje bulunmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama aracı, proje hazırlamanın hedef ve kazanımları ile tutarlı olan TUBİTAK araştırma projelerinin değerlendirme ölçütleri kullanılmıştır. Her bir projeyi değerlendirecek olan jürilere her bir proje verilmiş olup, jüriler projeleri ilgili ölçütleri göz önünde bulundurarak puanlamışlardır. Her bir ölçüt için en düşük puan 1 en yüksek puan ise 4 olarak belirlenmiş olup, ölçme aracından toplam alınabilecek en yüksek puan ise 40’tır.. Verilerin analizinde genellenebilirlik kuramı kullanılmış olup, Karar çalışması kapsamında da jüri sayısı sabit kalmak koşuluyla proje ve madde sayıları arttırılmış ve elde edilebilecek güvenirlik katsayıları olan G ve phi katsayıları incelenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde genellenebilirlik kuramına dayalı analizlerin gerçekleştirildiği EduG 6.1 programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada puanlama işlemi yapan jüriler tüm projeleri puanladığı için tümüyle çaprazlanmış desen (jxpxm )kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlardan biri; toplam varyansa en yüksek ikinci katkının değerlendirme ölçütü olarak kullanılan maddeler olmasıdır. Öğrencilerin projedeki başarısını değerlendirme amacıyla jüriler tarafından puanlanan maddeler toplam varyansa önemli ölçüde katkı sunmuştur.
Okul-Aile İş Birliği: Azerbaycan’da Bir Durum Çalışması
Authors: ALIZADA Gulshan , BİLGİN-AKSU Mualla
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Azerbaycan’ın Bakü ilinde yer alan okullarındaki yönetici, öğretmen ve veli görüşlerine göre okul-aile iş birliğine ilişkin durumu belirlemektir. Bu amaçla Bakü ilinin sosyoekonomik açıdan farklı düzeye sahip ilçelerinde öğretim hizmeti veren üç ayrı okul seçilmiştir. Bu okullardan amaçlı ve ölçüt örnekleme yöntemleriyle seçilen üç yönetici, altı öğretmen ve 12 veli olmak üzere toplam 21 kişinin katılımıyla durum çalışması deseni uygulanmıştır. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme ve doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular, çalışmanın amaçları doğrultusunda altı temada sunulmuştur: (1) Paydaşlardan beklenen sorumluluklar, (2) okul-aile iş birliği uygulamaları, (3) okul-aile iletişim yolları, (4) okul-aile iş birliği sorunları, (5) okul-aile iş birliği sorunlarının çözüm yolları ve (6) okul-aile iş birliğinin paydaşlara etkisi. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, okul-aile iş birliğinde okuldan nitelikli eğitim-öğretim ortamı sağlama, velilerle iş birliğine açık olma, veliyi bilgilendirme; veliden çocuğunun eğitim-öğretimiyle ilgilenme, okuldaki öğretimi evde devam ettirme, okulla iletişimde olma, Mektepli Kitapçasıʼnı takip etme, veli toplantısına ve okul faaliyetine katılma beklenmektedir. Birlikte hareket etme ve eşit katkı sağlama ise paydaşların ortak sorumluluğu olarak belirlenmiştir. Okul-aile iş birliği uygulamaları arasında toplantı, seminer, “Velinin Okulda Bir Günü”, velilerin etkinliklere katılımını sağlama, bireysel görüşme ve velinin ders dinlemesi bulunmaktadır. Okul-aile iş birliği sürecinde iletişim için, Mektepli Kitapçası, telefon, WhatsApp grubu ve veli komitesi başkanından yararlanılmaktadır. Okul-aile iş birliğinin temel sorunları, öğretmenin ayrımcılık yapması, öğrenciye bireysel yaklaşmaması, Mektepli Kitapçasıʼna değerlendirme notunu yazmaması ve ders yapmaması; velinin çocuğunun eğitim-öğretimiyle ilgilenmemesi, toplantılara katılmaması, yüksek not beklentisi; öğrencinin öğretim ortamını bölmesi, öğreniminde başarısız olması ve velisine yalan söylemesidir. İş birliği sorunları için, yüz yüze veya telefonla konuşmaya ve birlikte çözüm yolu aramaya çalışılmaktadır. Okul-aile iş birliği paydaşların mutluluğu, veli memnuniyeti ve öğrenci başarısını artırmaktadır.
Pattern Recognition: Effectiveness of Teaching Girls Aged 14 the Cartwheel
Authors
Authors: Kalistratova Inna , Khudolii Oleg
Published: January 2022

Purpose. To determine the impact of exercise modes on the effectiveness of teaching girls aged 14 the cartwheel.

Materials and methods. The study participants were 20 girls aged 14. The children and their parents were fully informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observation, timing of training tasks; pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, discriminant analysis.

Results. The study found that statistically significant differences in the number of repetitions were observed in performing all series of training tasks, except the third one (p < 0.05). The girls aged 14 who used the first mode (6 sets 1 time each with a rest interval of 60 s) needed fewer repetitions to master the movements of the first, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth series of tasks (p < 0.05). The girls aged 14 who used the second mode (6 sets 2 times each with a rest interval of 60 s) needed fewer repetitions to master the movements of the third series of tasks (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. Discriminant analysis made it possible to determine the impact of the number of repetitions on the effectiveness of developing the cartwheel skill in girls aged 14.

Based on the analysis of group centroids, it was found that exercise modes significantly influence the cartwheel skill development in girls aged 14 during physical education classes. The results of classification of the groups show that 100.0 % of the original grouped cases were classified correctly.
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Authors: not provided health
Published: January 2022

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Published: January 2022

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Unraveling Contradictions: Which Glosses Facilitate Reading Comprehension Among ELLs, and Why?
Authors: Lofgren Andrea
Published: January 2022

This critical literature review provides study details for 36 studies examining the effect of glossing for language acquisition among English language learners (ELLs). Useful tables include specificity of participants, gloss types, target vocabulary items and text information about all studies. An analysis of these studies reveals that glossing is an effective means to enhance reading comprehension among ELLs. However, gloss language—whether L1 or English, may depend on learner factors. Other findings include the importance of proximity of gloss to text and the need for glosses that do not require readers to leave the text to access meaning. Considerations such as text genre, text length, targeted items for glossing, number of items to gloss, and gloss presentation are also examined and discussed, including which gloss types may result in trade-offs when glossing is used as a means to promote incidental vocabulary acquisition through independent reading. Several recommendations for further research are offered.
Review of Literature on Teaching English Vocabularies Through Games to Young Language Learners
Authors: Naderiheshi Amirhossein
Published: January 2022

In the last two decades, learning English has become a popular activity in Iran (Sadeghi & Richards, 2015). There has been a remarkable increase in the number of private language schools in the country. In Iran, interest in English has risen due to the status of the language as a lingua franca and its necessity for technical, scientific, and economic developments. Meanwhile, vocabulary is deemed as one of the most crucial aspects of learning a language. Currently, vocabularies are taught through traditional methods; therefore, young learners lose their interest over time. This paper aims to substantiate that games are profoundly effective in teaching vocabularies and affect young learners’ motivation and engagement with the language. This paper presents a review of literature on teaching English vocabularies through games to young English language learners in Iran. It discusses the practical instructions of games and how games could be taught more effectively. It describes the suitability and implication of games and how they should be selected and implemented by teachers. Three games are introduced for teaching vocabularies and followed by a discussion on the inherent challenges of teaching vocabularies through games.
Liberal Feminism: Emphasizing Individualism and Equal Rights in Meena Kandasamy’s When I Hit You
Authors: Sangeetha J. , Mohan S. , Kannan R.
Published: January 2022

Liberal feminism is the emerging mainstream feminism that spotlights gender inequality and women’s liberation within the context of liberal democracy. The aim of the study focuses on the perspectives of liberal feminism using prominent ideas of liberal thinkers in Meena Kandasamy’s award-winning novel When I Hit You: Or, A Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife (2017). The methodology of the study includes concepts of liberal feminism in the text, and it is substantiated and explored using the ideologies of notable liberal thinkers such as Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique and John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty and The Subjection of Women.  The protagonist’s transition from a submissive to a self-liberated persona strengthens the novel’s credibility as a liberal feminist text. The paper also attempts to show that the concepts of liberal feminism very well appear in the selected text.
Pragmatic Competence of Iranian EFL Learners in the Light of Refusal Speech Act
Authors: Shahi Bibi Malihe Vamagh
Published: January 2022

In order to communicate accurately and fluently, learners need to know how to produce different speech acts inside and outside the classroom context. Refusal speech act is complicated, and performing refusals successfully needs a higher level of pragmatic competence (Eslami, 2010). This study is done in order to analyze refusal speech act and its responses among Iranian EFL learners. The participants of this study are 120 advanced Iranian EFL learners. These learners are provided with scenarios so that they are exposed to situations where they should both refuse and respond to refusals. The first phase of this paper includes the analysis of refusal strategies. The second phase of the paper deals with refusal responses. It was revealed that female participants are more inclined to use indirect strategies as related to refusals and male participants are more inclined to use direct strategies. For refusal responses, male learners used reinforcing micro functions while female learners used accepting micro functions more frequently. The results of this study contribute to pragmatic instruction in a way to help learners interpret and realize this speech act successfully. I will also investigate possible cross-cultural miscommunication, which its occurrence is also acknowledged in previous research studies (Shishavan & Sharifian, 2016).
EFL Teachers’ Perceptions on the Implementation of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning in Saudi Arabia During COVID-19: Challenges and Affordances
Authors: Alghamdi Norah
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to explore EFL teachers’ perceptions regarding mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) in elementary schools in Saudi Arabia, including their attitudes, levels of proficiency, and challenges they experienced regarding the use of MALL. The study also sought to investigate whether EFL teachers’ backgrounds have any significant impact on their perceptions of MALL. To this end, survey data were collected from 123 EFL teachers who have worked in elementary schools in Saudi Arabia. The results revealed teachers’ positive perceptions of MALL, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, participants stated that mobile learning is beneficial and has the potential to support and enhance EFL teaching. Most EFL teachers reported that they did not have a sufficient level of skills/abilities required to develop MALL activities and cited some challenges they faced. The results also indicate a significant difference among participants’ perceptions of MALL based on their professional development and teaching experience, but no difference based on their gender was found. These results indicate that placing a greater emphasis on offering professional development in MALL for Saudi EFL teachers could cultivate both greater proficiency and the ability to overcome challenges. This study concludes by providing recommendations on how to improve MALL implementation as well as directions for future research.
Foreign Language Enjoyment and Classroom Anxiety of Chinese EFL Learners With Intermediate and Low English Proficiency
Authors: Su Huina
Published: January 2022

Driven by Positive Psychology, research on emotions in second language acquisition has moved from The Anxiety-Prevailing Phase to Positive and Negative Emotions Phase (Dewaele & Li, 2020). A growing number of scholars begin to study learners’ emotions from a more holistic perspective. The present study investigated the levels and sources of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) of 231 Chinese EFL undergraduates with intermediate and low English proficiency. The study found moderate levels of both FLE and FLCA among participants. However, the level of FLE was much lower than the international and domestic samples, while the level of FLCA showed the opposite pattern. There was no significant gender difference emerged for FLE, while female participants reported more FLCA than their male counterparts. Moreover, no significant difference was found in the levels of both FLE and FLCA between intermediate and low English proficiency students. Qualitative data analysis confirmed that FLE was closely related to teacher factors while FLCA was more related to learners themselves. Based on these findings, pedagogical implications were provided for EFL teaching in China.
EFL Learners’ Pedagogical Views on the Online Social Networks in EFL Classrooms
Authors: Mudra Heri , Mukminin Amirul , Fridiyanto  , Hidayat Marzul , Marzulina Lenny , Harto Kasinyo , Holandyah Muhamad , Erlina Dian
Published: January 2022

This present study aims to explore EFL learners’ pedagogical views towards the utilization of online social networks in EFL classrooms. It specifically elaborates the EFL learners’ preferences of online social networks for learning English. Moreover, the EFL learners’ English skills enhanced by utilizing online social networks were also investigated. Ten EFL learners participated in the qualitative study which employed observations and interviews in collecting qualitative data. The results show that the learners’ preferences include Facebook, blogs, WhatsApp, Twitter, podcasts and Instagram. The learners’ English skills improved include listening, writing, reading, and speaking. In conclusion, online social networks are not only designed for general communication among EFL learners, but also for engaging EFL learners to work collaboratively in learning English via online environments.
Hedging in the Results and Discussion Section of English Applied Linguistics Research Articles by Vietnamese and Foreign Writers
Authors: Tran Thao Quoc , Tang Thiep Ba
Published: January 2022

Hedging in academic writing in general and in research article (RA) in specific has a vital role in enabling writers to minimize their opposing claims and negotiate the meaning. Nevertheless, hedging can be different from one discipline to another and from culture to another. This study, therefore, aims at examining the deployment of hedges in the Results and Discussion (R-D) section of English Applied Linguistics (AL) RAs by Vietnamese writers and their foreign counterparts. Two corpora consisting of 30 RAs written by Vietnamese writers and the other 30 ones by foreign writers were collected. The results revealed that both Vietnamese and foreign writers deployed hedges in the R-D section of English AL RAs at a similar frequency. Moreover, they shared common senses of utilizing the hedges’ types and functions in the R-D section of English AL RAs. This study has confirmed that the norms and practices of the AL, a soft science, were common among non-native English writers regardless of their culture-bound.
Integrating Machine Translation Into EFL Writing Instruction: Process, Product and Perception
Authors: Wang Jian , Ke Xinli
Published: January 2022

Although there is a great demand for machine translation (MT) among language learners, its potentials as a computer-assisted language learning aid remain under-explored. Against this backdrop, this study adopted a mixed research method and conducted a semester-long empirical investigation into how EFL learners in mainland China used MT to assist their writing, whether MT helped improve their writing competence and how they perceived MT in EFL writing instruction. The major findings comprise: 1) By using MT students made more lexical and grammatical changes in essay revision; 2) MT helped improve the learners’ overall writing competence, and particularly had a greater effect on writing accuracy and lexical complexity than on other dimensions; 3) Students generally held a positive attitude towards incorporating MT into EFL writing instruction.
Saudi EFL Learners’ FLA: Levels, Causes, Gender, and Impact on Academic Performance
Authors: Alsalooli Rahaf A. , Al-Tale Mazeegha A.
Published: January 2022

As a common psycholinguistic barrier that hinders EFL learning, Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) has become an important study area in EFL learning and teaching. This study investigated the level and causes of FLA among 69 first-year EFL learners at Bisha University in Saudi Arabia. The influence of gender on the level of FLA was also examined. Moreover, the study examined the impact of FLA on the participants' language achievement. The researchers utilized a modified version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse the data.  The results showed that most learners typically had a moderate level of FLA caused by communication apprehension and fears related to negative feedback and language tests. The results also revealed that gender does not affect the level of FLA. In addition, the results indicated that high levels of FLA among learners had a significant impact on their performance. Based on these findings, this study provided recommendations for teachers to mitigate the causes of FLA.
Research on the Ethnic Minority English Teachers in Middle Schools’ Perplexity of Professional Development and Its Solution
Authors: Shi Hui
Published: January 2022

This study makes an empirical study on the professional development of ethnic minority English teachers in middle school. Four ethnic minority English teachers of different ages who volunteer to participate in qualitative interviews are selected to conduct the in-depth interviews to analyze their professional development. According to the analysis of research results, it is found that the main puzzles of ethnic minority English teachers’ professional development are how to balance the gap between the content of teaching materials and the actual teaching situation; how to avoid the emergence of teaching tendency in teaching; how to realize the positive transfer of professional development in mother tongue cultural environment. Finally, the solutions are put forward to solve the confusion from the social level and personal level.
The Organization of Personal Pronouns in Sentence Structure Construction of Makassarese Language
Authors: Abbas Asriani , Kaharuddin  , Hasyim Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Makassarese language belongs to the Austronesian language family, currently spoken as a mother language by a group of people in South Sulawesi province, eastern Indonesia. This research focuses on personal pronoun organization in the sentence construction of the Makassarese language. The form, position, and function of personal pronouns in the language sentences are explained. It used ‘simak’ (to-observe) method in form of a conversational involved-observation technique including recording and note-taking in collecting data. The data sources were oral data and text data. The oral data were taken from five informants selected purposively. The text data were taken from the folklore script of South Sulawesi written in the Makassarese language. The data were presented descriptively and analyzed by using the distributional method. The findings show two forms of personal pronouns used dominantly in constructing sentences: free personal pronoun and bound personal pronoun (clitic). Position of the free personal pronoun is in front of, in the middle of, and at the end of a sentence. The clitic is in front of and at the end of the verb. In addition, there is also clitic attached at the end of the noun that serves as possessive. The sentence starting with a free personal pronoun forms the pattern of SV (subject-verb) or SVO (subject-verb-object) and the sentence starting with clitic-attached verb forms the pattern of VS (verb-subject) or VSO (verb-subject-object). The basic structure of the Makassarese sentence is VS or VSO. The derivative structure is SV or SVO with other varieties.
Language Proficiency and Knowledge in Adjective-Noun Collocations: A Case Study of Vietnamese Learners of English
Authors: Pham Thai Bao Ngoc
Published: January 2022

Collocational development is of great significance to second language acquisition. Among different types of collocations, adjective-noun collocations are notoriously difficult to EFL learners, but there has been limited research, especially in Vietnam, on this type of collocations in the field of teaching and learning English. To address this issue, the current study, employing the quantitative approach, investigates Vietnamese university students’ receptive and productive knowledge of adjective-noun collocations and the relationship between their language proficiency and their collocational knowledge. Results reveal that the difference between the students’ receptive and productive knowledge was more significant when they reached higher levels of English, and even those at an advanced level had great difficulties in identifying erroneous collocations and using them correctly. The number of collocational errors appeared to increase with rising proficiency. Results also indicate a close relationship between language ability and collocational knowledge, thereby emphasizing the importance of teaching collocations explicitly in English classrooms.
The Effect of Using Simulation Strategy in Developing English as a Foreign Language Speaking Skill
Authors: Hamad Mona M. , Alnuzaili Ehab S.
Published: January 2022

Speaking skill acquisition is a necessity for communication. However, speaking English as a foreign language is not as easy as speaking English as a first language since practice opportunities are limited. This study tried to find out a technique of reinforcement that can help students; who study English as a foreign language; develop their speaking skills. This study investigated the effect of using simulation strategy in developing EFL speaking skills, with the assistance of using a telegram channel "Oxford Bookworms Collection" for PDF books with an audio version, to stimulate pronunciation, intonation and enrich vocabulary. The researchers used a quantitative approach with an experimental design to conduct this study by involving 50 students divided into two groups. 25 students as a control group and 25 students as an experimental group; both groups were from level 3 who were learning Listening and Speaking-3 course, major English, at College of Science and Arts (Muhayil), King Khalid University. Pretest and posttest were used to collect data, results of the tests were analyzed using SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient. The results revealed that using the simulation strategy helped the students of the experimental group to develop speaking skills and affected speaking micro-skills in terms of body language, fluency, pronunciation, intonation, grammar, and vocabulary usage positively. Moreover, students became motivated to speak spontaneously.
Using YouTube Videos to Enhance Learner Autonomy in Writing: A Qualitative Research Design
Authors: Trang Nguyen Minh
Published: January 2022

YouTube videos play a vital role as powerful educational resources for language learning and cultural understanding. Using authentic YouTube videos to develop students’ writing skills is not often applied, especially at tertiary level. The paper discusses the reasons YouTube should be used as inside and outside of classroom writing activities. Then the research design offers a review of literature relating to the use of YouTube videos in various fields of language education. Methods to implement the research including research tools and steps taken for data analysis are also recommended. The article ends with limitation of the use of YouTube videos and suggestions for further studies of the topic.
Relationships Between Thai EFL Learners’ Factors, Intelligibility, and Comprehensibility Towards Varieties of English
Authors: Doloh Sunaisah , Chanyoo Natthapong
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate intelligibility levels of Thai EFL learners, relationship between intelligibility and learners’ variables, and relationship between intelligibility and comprehensibility scores toward varieties of English. Seventy-five students were recruited as a sample group through stratified random sampling technique. Seven research instruments were used in the study, including a quick placement test, a questionnaire, an intelligibility test, an accent familiarity judgment report, a comprehensibility test, an attitudinal test, and four speech samples produced by speakers of 4 different nationalities. Data were quantitatively analyzed by means of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The findings revealed that Thai EFL learners received high scores in their intelligibility tests for all speech samples. Thai speaker was rated as the most intelligible to the learners, while American speaker was rated as the least intelligible one. Correlations between intelligibility and other learners’ variables were found only in accent familiarity, language proficiency, and attitude. A significant correlation was also found between intelligibility and comprehensibility scores towards varieties of English of Thai EFL learners.
Exploring the Online EFL Classroom Ecology of Middle Schools During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Zhang Luying , Chen Yang
Published: January 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 has induced an abrupt shift from face-to-face instruction to online delivery mode for academic continuity. This research aims to explore the ecology of the pandemic-induced online English as foreign language (EFL) classrooms in Chinese middle schools and perceptions held by the English teachers, students, and parents. By analyzing data collected from 10, 576 questionnaires and eleven interviews, this study revealed how these participants played their respective parts in online EFL classroom ecology. Also, it was found that teachers’ evaluations of students’ learning performance (learning engagement and outcomes) and teacher-student interactions (in-class interaction, after-class interaction, and teachers’ feedback about homework) and their overall satisfaction of the online EFL classrooms were lower than that of the other two groups. In addition, major concerns of the participants about online EFL teaching and learning were identified, such as students’ vision damage and inadequate self-discipline, lack of face-to-face communication, and unstable Internet connection. Through presenting and discussing the research findings, this study is expected to provide implications and insights for foreign language educators, learners, and parents worldwide in adapting to online classrooms during public crises.
Gender Differences in Using Arabizi Among Jordanian Undergraduate Students: A Socio-Linguistic Study
Authors: Bardaweel Mahmoud Radwan , Rababah Luqman M
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to explore the statistical differences between each gender in using Arabizi according to their age, place of living. The sample of the study consisted (283) students selected randomly from both Yarmouk and Jadara universities. A quantitative method approach was employed by the researchers in order to answer the questions of the study. A fourteen-item questionnaire was adapted, developed and validated based on the past literature and data collection in order to achieve the purpose of the study. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) due to the gender variable in favor of females, and regarding the age variable the preference is in favor 19-24 age group, and no preference found related to the place of living. The study recommends examining other students who study different majors in these two universities or in other universities located in/ out the geographic region.
Metaphor Analysis in Political Discourse Based on Discourse Dynamics Framework for Metaphor: A Case Study
Authors: Huang Chunfang
Published: January 2022

Contrary to the pre-existing mapping and top-down instantiation from thought to language, Discourse Dynamics Framework for Metaphor(DDFM)argues that metaphor works mainly inductively upwards from the linguistic metaphor data, offering a tool for understanding people, revealing something of speaker’s ideas, affective aspects and values. This study is designed to apply DDFM to a political speech about fighting COVID-19 made by Xi Jinping, the president of the People’s Republic of China. Assisted by computer software, such as tables of Microsoft Office, to sort metaphors of each segment of this speech, this article investigates metaphors in the speech by progressive process of metaphor analysis of DDFM. It is found that: (1)The most frequently occurring  metaphors are related to bodily action and body experience, which implies actions Chinese government will take.(2)The dynamically emergent systematic metaphors evolve as the discourse proceeds, conveying the political ideas and attitudes of Chinese government in fighting COVID-19.(3) Most of metaphors are conventionalized, which indicates the framing role of conventional metaphors in discourse. Thus, DDFM offers a new approach regarding metaphors in political discourse.
E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India: A Tragedy of Cultural Conflicts and Distorted Interracial Relationships
Authors: Daghamin Rashed
Published: January 2022

E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India, hereafter (API), offers us an opportunity to realize the mentality of the white imperialist and the grotesque picture of the colonizer-colonized relationship; this picture implies multiple facets of racial vituperations, brutality, and prejudice perpetrated on Indians in the colonial period. In the novel, Forster explores the colonizers’ racist attitudes, and he brings out the racial and interracial conflicts as well as the cultural and ethnic traumas between the colonizer and the colonized. This study is primarily concerned with exploring the cultural clashes and the problematic, deformed interracial relationships, established between the Indians and the Anglo-Indians in a colonial context. The analytical approach and the Postcolonial Theory will be adopted throughout the paper as a framework. A postcolonial reading of the novel debunks the colonizer’s racist ideology and reveals various motifs of partitions, fences, interracial conflicts and gulfs. The article reveals that the different racial, cultural, and social backgrounds of the English and Indian communities create bitter differences and significant gaps that cannot be bridged. The study concludes that the ramifications of the interracial clashes and racial intolerance have a vehement impact on both the colonized and the colonizer alike; however, mutual and interracial love, respect, and understanding are robust solutions that can relatively open the ideological closure of racism, lessen the racial tensions and thus bring people of different racial backgrounds together.
A Study of the Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy From the Perspective of Appraisal Theory
Authors: Tan Yan
Published: January 2022

An Inaugural Address is a speech made by a speaker when he or she assumes a new position, stating his or her position, views and policies in light of domestic and international political and economic situations. Based on Martin's Appraisal Theory, this paper mainly uses the three subsystems of Appraisal Theory: Attitude, Engagement, and Graduation to explore and analyze the evaluative devices in Kennedy's Inaugural Address and its expression of the speaker's views and attitudes, and to fully reveal the reasons for the enduring popularity of this speech.
A Corpus-Assisted Translation Study of Strategies Used in Rendering Culture-Bound Expressions in the Speeches of King Abdullah II
Authors: Al-Khalafat Leen , Haider Ahmad S.
Published: January 2022

Translation is defined as transferring meaning and style from one language to another, taking the text producer's intended purpose and the audience culture into account. This paper uses a 256,000-word Arabic-English parallel corpus of the speeches of King Abdullah II of Jordan from 1999 to 2015 to examine how some culture-bound expressions were translated from Arabic into English. To do so, two software packages were used, namely Wordsmith 6 and SketchEngine. Comparing the size of the Arabic corpus with its English counterpart using the wordlist tool of WS6, the researchers found that the number of words (tokens) in the English translation is more than the Arabic source text. However, the results showed that the Arabic language has more unique words, which means that it has more lexical density than its English counterpart. The researchers carried out a keyword analysis and compared the Arabic corpus with the ArTenTen corpus to identify the words that King Abdullah II saliently used in his speeches. Most of the keywords were culture-bound and related to the Jordanian context, which might be challenging to render. Using the parallel concordance tool and comparing the Arabic text with its English translation showed that the translator/s mainly resorted to the strategies of deletion, addition, substitution, and transliteration. The researchers recommend that further studies be conducted using the same approach but on larger corpora of other genres, such as legal, religious, press, and scientific texts.
Critical Thinking Ability and Performance in Argumentative Essays of the Education Major Students
Authors: Ma Fengyi , Li Yuan
Published: January 2022

The study was carried out to assess the relationship between students' critical thinking abilities and their success in writing an argumentative essay. The descriptive-correlation design was used in this research. The respondents in this survey were a total of 310 Education major students. This is 22.32 percent of the 1387 students enrolled in the Education program. The 50-item questionnaire was based on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal from Pearson TalentLens to measure the student's study critical thinking abilities. The following conclusions were drawn: the students lack critical thinking ability; the students have difficulty in constructing argumentative essays; and the less critical the students are, the less performance they have in writing argumentative essays.
Gender Roles in The Merchant of Venice and Othello
Authors: Shahwan Saed
Published: January 2022

Literature enables authors to express various societal matters. Shakespeare provides a wide range of information from the Elizabethan era through his works. An important issue that is evident in his work is gender roles. The roles of characters, as described by Shakespeare, show social norms that define female and male genders. Female characters in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice and Othello are underestimated because of the stereotypical gender roles. The roles involving female characters revolve around the homestead, unless where a female character is from a wealthy family, a queen or a princess. Male dominance in society implies that the Shakespearean era advocated for women discrimination.
O estado da arte das coleções botânicas em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Simões Caires Claudenir , Matos de Souza Aline , Ferreira Pinto Machado Anderson , Almeida Santos Andrea Karla , Nascimento Moura Jerlane , Do Nascimento Oliveira Leví­ Mateus , De Carvalho Cota Maria Raquel , Erir Cadete Meneguzzo Thiago , Oliveira de Azevedo Cecí­lia
Published: January 2022

O cenário atual das coleções botânicas do municí­pio de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil é apresentado. As informações foram obtidas através de consultas a bancos de dados virtuais, referências bibliográficas e trabalhos de campo. Até o momento, a flora inclui 1.057 espécies distribuí­das em 950 angiospermas, 38 pteridófitas (licófitas e samambaias) e 69 briófitas (musgos e hepáticas). Dentre estas, 36 espécies estão ameaçadas de extinção, 101 são novas ocorrências para a Bahia e seis endêmicas do municí­pio. Os dados aqui levantados demonstram a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento da diversidade florí­stica do municí­pio de modo a direcionar as ações que visem a conservação da flora da região, por meio de coletas sistemáticas, melhoria na qualidade das identificações, enriquecimento das coleções botânicas e produção de monografias taxonômicas.
Sinopse das Apocynaceae da Estrada Parque do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Heimbach Campos Samuel , Farinaccio Maria Ana
Published: January 2022

Apresentamos um levantamento com informações taxonômicas e de distribuição, além de uma chave de identificação de Apocynaceae para a Estrada Parque do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A Estrada Parque se configura como um recorte da biodiversidade do Pantanal pois abrange quatro de suas 11 sub-regiões desse domí­nio fitogeográfico (Abobral, Nabileque, Nhecolândia e Paraguai) e defronta-se com o Maciço do Urucum. Foram localizadas 15 espécies distribuí­das em 13 gêneros. Nove novas ocorrências de Apocynaceae para o Pantanal foram registradas: Araujia variegata, Funastrum clausum, Matelea friesii, Matelea nigra, Mesechites mansoanus, Odontadenia hypoglauca, Schubertia grandiflora, Tabernaemontana siphilitica e Tassadia berteroana.
Cyber-animism: the art of being alive in hybrid society
Authors: Arshinov V. I. , Grimov O. A. , Chekletsov V. V.
Published: January 2022

The boundaries of social acceptance and models of convergence of human and non-human (for example, subjects of artificial intelligence) actors of digital reality are defined.

The constructive creative possibilities of convergent processes in distributed neural networks are analyzed from the point of view of possible scenarios for building “friendly” human-dimensional symbioses of natural and artificial intelligence. A comprehensive analysis of new management challenges related to the development of cyber-physical and cybersocial systems is carried out.

A model of social organizations and organizational behavior in the conditions of cyberphysical reality is developed.

The possibilities of reconciling human moral principles and “machine ethics” in the processes of modeling and managing digital reality are studied. The significance of various concepts of digital, machine and cyber-anymism for the socio-cultural understanding of the development of modern cyber-physical technologies, the anthropological dimension of a smart city is revealed. The article introduces the concept of hybrid society and shows the development of its models as self-organizing collective systems that consist of co-evolving biohybrid and socio-technical spheres. The importance of modern anthropogenic research for sustainable development is analyzed. The process of marking ontological boundaries between heterogeneous modalities in the digital world is investigated. Examples of acute social contexts that are able to set the vector of practical philosophy in the modern digital era are considered.
Specific features and procpects for development of electronic government in the PRC at the beginning of the XXI century
Authors: Kasparyan K. V. , Rutkovskaya M. V.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of features of functioning of the digital government in the Chinese State in the first decades of the 21-st century and the perspectives of its further development. In this work the authors give a brief description of the essence of phenomenon of digital government in general. The article explores the specific features of this process in the People’s Republic of China in the third millennium (taking into account the background of this issue). This research examines the influence of functioning of e-government bodies in Сhina on the internal political situation in the country – taking into account such aspects as building a dialogue between authorities and society, perfection of the public service system providing the Chinese citizens with essential public goods, the merits and the demerits of China’s online government are taken into account. This article examines such significant factors in the development of e-government in China as the impact of the global situation at the present stage on international politics and the country’s information security system. This article analyzes the features of the relationship between the Chinese authorities and media corporations operating on the Internet market of the Middle Kingdom (such as, for example, Google), and studies the reasons for the contradictions between them. The study also comprehended strategy of the authorities of the People’s Republic of China in matters of information security of the state, including the active use of Chinese hackers in network conflicts with Western countries, and the actions of special units of the Chinese armed forces created to counter foreign cyber terrorism.
Support for the provision of “digital immortality” based on physical informatics methods
Authors: Tkachenko K. S.
Published: January 2022

The improvement of modern computer technology to achieve fundamentally new indicators can be carried out on the basis of various approaches. One of such approaches is the application of methods of physical informatics. Therefore, this paper considers the support of ensuring “digital immortality” based on physical computer science methods. On the basis of Wiener random processes, measures are proposed to ensure the security of computer nodes to ensure “digital immortality”. The calculated ratios from physical informatics adapted to determine the requirements for the design of information systems to ensure the digitalization of the brain are given.
Aplikasi Metode Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations Dalam Evaluasi Model Pentarifan Interkoneksi Berbasis Internet Protokol
Authors: Pandiya Ridwan , Wahyudin Ade
Published: January 2022

Transparansi pelayanan telekomunikasi merupakan amanat yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 1999. Pentarifan interkoneksi bukan lagi hanya terpaku pada layanan voice dan sms saja, karena karakteristik pengguna layanan saat ini bergerak ke arah layanan data. Model pentarifan yang saat ini digunakan dalam menentukan tarif interkoneksi pada dasarnya diperuntukkan bagi layanan voice dan sms, sehingga model tersebut belum tentu sesuai jika diaplikasikan pada layanan berbasis Internet Protokol (IP). Penelitian ini merupakan evaluasi dari model-model yang tersedia dalam menentukan model yang paling efektif untuk digunakan dalam layanan berbasis IP. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations (CFPR) untuk menentukan alternatif terbaik dari model pentarifan interkoneksi berbasis IP. Metode CFPR, yang merupakan modifikasi dari metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), menjamin konsistensi matriks perbandingan berbagai kriteria ketika menggunakan AHP. Sehingga alternatif model pentarifan interkoneksi yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini dapat dijadikan rujukan pihak regulator tanpa meragukan konsitensi dari perbandingan kriteria-kriterianya. Berhadasarkan pengolahan data, model Pentarifan Interkoneksi Berbasis Internet Protokol yang paling disarankan adalah Bottom up -Long Run Average Incremental Cost (BU-LRAIC). Hal ini dikarenakan model tersebut memenuhi kriteria sangat baik dan fair secara teknikal, ekonomi maupun dampak social yang dihasilkan.
China Technological Transformation: A Case Study of Telecommunications Equipment Industry
Authors: Kamasa Frasminggi , Wahab Riva'atul Adaniah
Published: January 2022

China is the world's biggest telecoms equipment exporter. Several telecommunications equipment companies from China dominate the global market, for example, Huawei and ZTE. This study aims to identify factors contributing to China's rapid technological transformation, particularly in the telecommunications equipment industry. In addition, the relationship between the government, SOE, and entrepreneurs is also identified in strengthening the sector. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches, data collection through literature study and observation, and data analysis using descriptive data analysis patent analysis, and network analysis. The results show that government technology policy, human resource development and education, foreign technology adoption and adaptation, together with indigenous R & D efforts are essential factors in China's technological transformation process in the telecommunications equipment industry. Due to China’s government's encouragement, SOEs can innovate and encourages the growth of domestic entrepreneurship. Therefore, Indonesia can learn several things from China, including fostering innovation through various strategies such as implementing technology transfer, mentoring with overseas experts, increasing R & D financing support, providing support for industry and researchers in the form of tax incentives or patent subsidies. Furthermore, strengthening collaboration and cooperation with the foreign telecommunications equipment industry with win-win schemes can offer benefits to Indonesia.
Postal Consumer Protection: Comparison of Indonesian Law with Malaysia and Vietnam
Authors: Dalimunthe Fadli Zaini
Published: January 2022

Post is one type of communication media used by the public to send goods from one place to another. The public as consumers needs protection in using postal services, especially related to after-sales services. This paper discusses and analyzes postal consumer protection regulations in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. This paper uses legal research methods normative with the Statute Approach and the Comparative Approach. The results show consumer protection is the responsibility of the postal operator for the services provided. Each country has regulations related to the protection of postal consumers. It regulates events that can cause loss to consumers and can be requested for compensation from postal providers, such as loss, misdelivery, delay, or damage. There are slightly different regulations and specific each country. Malaysia has a special agency for consumer dispute resolution in the communication and multimedia sector, one of which is related to the postal sector. Vietnam regulates the time limit for consumer complaints and dispute resolution.