bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GABA‐like immunoreactivity in Biomphalaria: Colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity in the feeding motor systems of panpulmonate snails
Authors: Vaasjo Lee O. , Quintana Alexandra M. , Habib Mohamed R. , Mendez de Jesus Paola A. , Croll Roger P. , Miller Mark W.
Published: April 2018

The simpler nervous systems of certain invertebrates provide opportunities to examine colocalized classical neurotransmitters in the context of identified neurons and well defined neural circuits. This study examined the distribution of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐like immunoreactivity (GABAli) in the nervous system of the panpulmonates Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, major intermediate hosts for intestinal schistosomiasis. GABAli neurons were localized in the cerebral, pedal, and buccal ganglia of each species. With the exception of a projection to the base of the tentacle, GABAli fibers were confined to the CNS. As GABAli was previously reported to be colocalized with markers for dopamine (DA) in five neurons in the feeding network of the euopisthobranch gastropod Aplysia californica (Díaz‐Ríos, Oyola, & Miller, 2002), double‐labeling protocols were used to compare the distribution of GABAli with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (THli). As in Aplysia, GABAli‐THli colocalization was limited to five neurons, all of which were located in the buccal ganglion. Five GABAli‐THli cells were also observed in the buccal ganglia of two other intensively studied panpulmonate species, Lymnaea stagnalis and Helisoma trivolvis. These findings indicate that colocalization of the classical neurotransmitters GABA and DA in feeding central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons preceded the divergence of euopisthobranch and panpulmonate taxa. These observations also support the hypothesis that heterogastropod feeding CPG networks exhibit a common universal design.
A visual performance analysis framework for task‐based parallel applications running on hybrid clusters
Authors: Garcia Pinto Vinícius , Mello Schnorr Lucas , Stanisic Luka , Legrand Arnaud , Thibault Samuel , Danjean Vincent
Published: April 2018

Programming paradigms in High‐Performance Computing have been shifting toward task‐based models that are capable of adapting readily to heterogeneous and scalable supercomputers. The performance of task‐based application heavily depends on the runtime scheduling heuristics and on its ability to exploit computing and communication resources. Unfortunately, the traditional performance analysis strategies are unfit to fully understand task‐based runtime systems and applications: they expect a regular behavior with communication and computation phases, while task‐based applications demonstrate no clear phases. Moreover, the finer granularity of task‐based applications typically induces a stochastic behavior that leads to irregular structures that are difficult to analyze. Furthermore, the combination of application structure, scheduler, and hardware information is generally essential to understand performance issues. This paper presents a flexible framework that enables one to combine several sources of information and to create custom visualization panels allowing to understand and pinpoint performance problems incurred by bad scheduling decisions in task‐based applications. Three case‐studies using StarPU‐MPI, a task‐based multi‐node runtime system, are detailed to show how our framework can be used to study the performance of the well‐known Cholesky factorization. Performance improvements include a better task partitioning among the multi‐(GPU, core) to get closer to theoretical lower bounds, improved MPI pipelining in multi‐(node, core, GPU) to reduce the slow start, and changes in the runtime system to increase MPI bandwidth, with gains of up to 13% in the total makespan.
Reflective practice and mediator learning: A current review
Authors: Arms Almengor Rochelle
Published: April 2018

Mediator interest in reflective practice, a systematic process by which we think about or experience what we are doing in practice and why, is on the rise, evidenced by increased articles and professional organizations supporting its use. This growing interest signals its potential for integration into the mediation field, similar to its trajectory in more developed helping professions. By reviewing relevant literature and practice, this article defines and discusses reflective practice as it pertains to mediator learning and development, examines its strengths and challenges, and encourages needed research and practice in this area.
Reconciling Counselors’ Christian Beliefs and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Affirmation: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Minnix Gena M.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory study was to learn how 15 Christian heterosexual counselors successfully reconciled a perceived conflict between lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) affirmation and their religious beliefs. Obstacles to reconciliation, helpful factors, states, and participant characteristics were integrated into a grounded theory (the Relational Equilibrium Model) of religious‐based value conflict reconciliation to guide counselor educators and supervisors working with nonaffirming or conflicted Christian trainees to develop LGBT‐affirming dispositions and practices.
Early weight loss predicts weight loss treatment response regardless of binge‐eating disorder status and pretreatment weight change
Authors: Barnes Rachel D. , Ivezaj Valentina , Pittman Brian P. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: April 2018

Objective

Individuals seeking weight loss treatment have diverse pretreatment weight trajectories, and once enrolled, individuals' response to weight loss treatments also varies greatly and may be influenced by the presence of binge‐eating disorder (BED). Reported average weight losses may obscure these considerable differences. This study examined whether BED status and different weight‐related change variables are associated with successful weight loss treatment outcomes in a controlled treatment study.

Method

Participants (N = 89) with overweight/obesity, with and without BED, participated in a 3‐month weight loss trial in primary care with 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. We tested the prognostic significance of four weight‐related change variables (the last supper, early weight loss, pretreatment weight trajectory, weight suppression) on outcomes (weight loss‐overall, weight loss‐“subsequent,” weight loss during second half of treatment).

Results

Early weight loss was positively associated with weight loss‐overall at post‐treatment, and at 3‐month and 12‐month follow‐up. Early weight loss was positively associated with weight loss‐subsequent at post‐treatment only. No other weight‐related variables were significantly associated with weight loss. Models including BED status and treatment condition were not significant.

Discussion

Participants with early weight loss were more likely to continue losing weight, regardless of BED status or treatment condition. The results highlight the importance of early dedication to weight loss treatment to increase the likelihood of positive outcomes.
Mineral constraints on arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus): a spatial and phenological perspective
Authors: Oster K. W. , Barboza P. S. , Gustine D. D. , Joly K. , Shively R. D.
Published: April 2018

Arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus) have the longest terrestrial migration of any ungulate but little is known about the spatial and seasonal variation of minerals in summer forages and the potential impacts of mineral nutrition on the foraging behavior and nutritional condition of arctic caribou. We investigated the phenology, availability, and mechanistic relationships of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in three species of woody browse, three species of graminoids, and one forb preferred by caribou over two transects bisecting the ranges of the Central Arctic (CAH) and Western Arctic (WAH) caribou herds in Alaska. Transects traversed three ecoregions (Coastal Plain, Arctic Foothills and Brooks Range) along known migration paths in the summer ranges of both herds. Concentrations of mineral in forages were compared to estimated dietary requirements of lactating female caribou. Spatial distribution of the abundance of minerals in caribou forage was associated with interactions of soil pH and mineral content, while temporal variation was related to plant maturity, and thus nitrogen and fiber content of forages. Concentrations of sodium were below caribou requirements in all forage species for most of the summer and adequate only on the Coastal Plain during the second half of summer. Phosphorus declined in plants from emergence to senescence and was below requirements in all forages by mid‐summer, while concentrations of copper declined to marginal concentrations at plant senescence. Interactions of sodium with potassium, calcium with phosphorus, and copper with zinc in forages likely exacerbate the constraints of low concentrations sodium, phosphorus, and copper. Forages on the WAH contained significantly more phosphorus and copper than forages collected on the CAH transect. We suspect that migrations of caribou to the Arctic Coastal Plain may allow parturient females to replenish sodium stores depleted by foraging inland through the long arctic winters, while also extending the availability of adequate phosphorus, if animals are able to selectively track emerging waves of forage.
Metal‐Rich Metallaboranes: Structures and Geometries of Heterometallic µ9‐Boride Clusters
Authors: Bhattacharyya Moulika , Yuvaraj Kuppusamy , Chanda Alokananda , Ramkumar Venkatachalam , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: April 2018

Treatment of a dirhodium analogue of pentaborane(9), [(Cp*Rh)2B3H7] (nido‐1; Cp* = η5‐C5Me5), with [Fe2(CO)9] at room temperature led to the formation of [(Cp*Rh)2Fe(CO)3(µ‐CO)B3H2Cl] (2) and the metal‐rich metallaborane [(Cp*Rh)2Fe(CO)3Fe(CO)2(µ‐CO)2B2H2] (3). When the same reaction was carried out at moderate temperature, two metal‐rich metallaboranes, [(Cp*Rh)3Fe(CO)2(µ3‐CO)2B2HX] 4 (X = H) and 5 (X = Cl), and a heterometallic µ9‐boride cluster, [(Cp*Rh)3(RhCO)3Fe(CO)3(µ‐CO)3B3H2] (6), were obtained. Compounds 4 and 5 can be viewed as cubane clusters with 62 cluster valence electrons (cves) and five metal–metal bonds. In another reaction, the treatment of nido‐1 with [Mn2(CO)10] yielded the heterometallic µ9‐boride cluster [(Cp*Rh)3Rh(CO)2{Mn(CO)3}2B4H3] (7). The cluster cores of both 6 and 7 are comprised of tricapped trigonal prisms containing a µ9‐B atom bonded to seven/six metals and two/three boron atoms, respectively. All the new compounds have been characterized by mass spectrometry, IR, 1H, 11B{1H}, and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
Norbornene‐Mediated Palladium‐Catalysed Domino‐Type Catellani Reaction: an Efficient and Regiospecific Acylation/Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Iodides
Authors: Wu Wenyu , Yu Shaopeng , Gu Ting , Fan Tianyuan , Zhong Yue , Li Nianguang , Tang Yuping , Jiang Yi , Zhu Xingmei , Duan Jinao , Shi Zhihao
Published: April 2018

The Catellani reaction is a domino reaction catalysed by palladium/norbornene. It can be used for the synthesis of a range of aromatic compounds in one step, and is of great interest in the synthesis of natural products and drugs. In this paper, we report a palladium/norbornene‐catalysed ortho‐acylation/ipso‐Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl iodides using acyl chlorides as acylating agents and arylboronic acids as quenching reagents. The reactions were carried out using readily available starting materials, and ortho‐aryl benzophenones were obtained in moderate to good yields. Compared with previous Catellani reactions, this reaction has a wider substrate scope, shorter reaction times, and higher yields of the target compounds.
O‐Specific Polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139: Improved Synthesis and Conjugation to BSA by Squaric Acid Chemistry
Authors: Lu Xiaowei , Pfister Hélène B. , Soliman Sameh E. , Kováč Pavol
Published: April 2018

The sequence α‐Colp‐(1→2)‐4,6‐P‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1→3)‐[α‐Colp‐(1→4)]‐β‐d‐GlcpNAc‐(1→4)‐α‐d‐GalpA‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐QuipNAc constitutes the complete O‐specific polysaccharide (O‐antigen, O‐SP) of Vibrio cholerae O139. It was chemically synthesized in a linker‐equipped, conjugation‐ready form (7) and conjugated to a model protein carrier, bovine serum albumin. The preparation involved the synthesis of a tetrasaccharide intermediate sequence β‐d‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐GlcpNAc‐(1→4)‐α‐d‐GalpA‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐QuipNAc→linker by coupling of two disaccharide intermediates followed by a stepwise, two single‐site colitosylations. The present synthesis is an alternative to the academic, small‐scale synthesis developed earlier where the final hexasaccharide assembly was achieved by simultaneous, two‐sites colitosylation. The approach reported herein comprises a few more synthetic steps but is experimentally less demanding, minimizes separation difficulties and is more convenient when tens of mgs of the final product is required. Syntheses of non‐phosphorylated and methyl ester analogues of 7 are also described.
Self‐powered Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Gallic Acid Exploiting a CdSe/ZnS Core‐shell Quantum Dot Sensitized TiO2 as Photoanode
Authors: dos Santos Greicy Kelly Cerqueira , da Silva Fernanda Gabrielle Soares , Yotsumoto Neto Sakae , dos Santos Wallans Torres Pio , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita , Damos Flávio Santos
Published: April 2018

Herein is described the development of a self‐powered sensor for gallic acid (GA) determination exploiting CdSe/ZnS quantum dot sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles (CdSe/ZnS/TiO2/FTO) as photoanode and an all copper oxide photocathode (CuO/Cu2O/FTO) to reduce water. A two‐chamber self‐powered photoelectrochemical cell was employed in order to maintain separated the photoelectrodes. The self‐powered photoelectrochemical cell is based on water reduction in the cathodic chamber while gallic acid acts as a hole scavenger in the anodic chamber to generate the necessary cell output to drive GA oxidation in the anodic compartment. Electrochemical impedance measurements were performed to evaluate the electronic characteristics of CdSe/ZnS/TiO2/FTO photoanode and CuO/Cu2O/FTO photocathode in terms of flat band potential, carrier density, and nature of semiconductor. Under optimized conditions, the self‐powered photoelectrochemical cell presented a wide linear response range for GA from 1 μmol L−1 up to 200 μmol L−1.
Expanding the Distributed Generation Concept: Toward Decentralized Energy and Water Supply
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Pecoraino Mario , Meneguzzo Francesco , Pagliaro Mario
Published: April 2018

Rainwater harvesting decentralizes the water supply in full analogy to what building‐integrated photovoltaics and solar thermal do for electricity and heat. In this new decentralized generation scenario, the built environment is used to collect both sunlight photons and water molecules with significant economic and environmental benefits. Referring to recent progress and to real‐life findings from around the world, this work provides an answer to several relevant questions of direct interest to policy makers and early adopters of broadened distributed generation. The conclusions offer guidelines for developing a successful distributed generation strategy at the regional level by unifying solar energy and water management policies.
The microRNA‐1908 up‐regulation in the peripheral blood cells impairs amyloid clearance by targeting ApoE
Authors: Wang Z. , Qin W. , Wei C.B. , Tang Y. , Zhao L.N. , Jin H.M. , Li Y. , Wang Q. , Luan X.Q. , He J.C. , Jia J.
Published: April 2018

Objective

To give a new insight into the mechanism of ApoE dysregulation and microRNA‐1908 in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

Plasma ApoE levels were measured in 20 AD patients and 20 healthy controls. THP‐1 was maintained in RPMI1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect 13‐microRNA and ApoE mRNA in cultured cell lines. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure human ApoE in the plasma or culture medium of cell lines and also used to quantify the human Aβ42 in the culture medium of cell lines.

Results

We found plasma ApoE level reduced in AD patients (2.28 vs 3.78 μg/mL, P < .001), and microRNA‐1908 was up‐regulated in AD patients and was negatively associated with plasma ApoE (r = −0.32, P = .012). In human macrophage cell line THP‐1 and astrocytoma cell line U87, microRNA‐1908 could inhibit the mRNA and protein levels of ApoE by targeting its 3′untranslated region. Consistently, microRNA‐1908 inhibits the ApoE‐mediated Aβ clearance.

Conclusions

Our study provides new insight into the mechanism of ApoE dysregulation in AD patients, and microRNA‐1908 might be a therapeutic target for AD treatment.
Intra‐ and interobserver agreement for fetal cerebral measurements in 3D‐ultrasonography
Authors: Albers Maria E. W. A. , Buisman Erato T. I. A. , Kahn René S. , Franx Arie , Onland‐Moret N. Charlotte , de Heus Roel
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate intra‐ and interobserver agreement for measurement of intracranial, cerebellar, and thalamic volume with the Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) technique in three‐dimensional ultrasound images, in comparison to two‐dimensional measurements of these brain structures. Three‐dimensional ultrasound images of the brains of 80 fetuses at 20–24 weeks’ gestational age were obtained from YOUth, a Dutch prospective cohort study. Two observers performed offline measurement of the occipitofrontal diameter, intracranial volume, transcerebellar diameter, cerebellar volume, and thalamic width, area, and volume, independently. VOCAL was used for calculation of the volumes. The two‐way random, single measures intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for analysis of agreement and Bland–Altman plots were configured. Intra‐ and interobserver agreement was almost perfect for occipitofrontal diameter (intra ICC 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.92; inter ICC 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.94), intracranial volume (intra ICC 0.96, 95% CI 0.91–0.98; inter ICC 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.98) and transcerebellar diameter (intra ICC 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.94; inter ICC 0.86, 95% CI 0.78–0.910). For cerebellar volume, the intraobserver agreement was almost perfect (0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.90), whereas the interobserver agreement was substantial (0.75, 95% CI 0.44–0.88). Agreement was only moderate for thalamic measurements. Bland–Altman plots for the volume measurements are normally distributed with acceptable mean differences and 95% limits of agreement. The intra‐ and interobserver agreement of the measurement of intracranial and cerebellar volume with VOCAL was almost perfect. These measurements are therefore reliable, and can be used to investigate fetal brain development. Thalamic measurements are not reliable enough.
Hepatoma cell‐secreted exosomal microRNA‐103 increases vascular permeability and promotes metastasis by targeting junction proteins
Authors: Fang Jian‐Hong , Zhang Zi‐Jun , Shang Li‐Ru , Luo Yu‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Fang , Yuan Yunfei , Zhuang Shi‐Mei
Published: April 2018

Increased vascular permeability facilitates metastasis. Emerging evidence indicates that secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) may mediate the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells. To date, whether and how secreted miRNAs affect vascular permeability remains unclear. Based on deep sequencing and quantitative PCR, we found that higher level of serum miR‐103 was associated with higher metastasis potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The in vitro endothelial permeability and transendothelial invasion assays revealed that the conditioned media or exosomes derived from high miR‐103‐expressing hepatoma cells increased the permeability of endothelial monolayers, but this effect was attenuated if exosome secretion of hepatoma cells was blocked by silencing ALIX and HRS or if miR‐103 within hepatoma or endothelial cells was antagonized. Most importantly, pretreating endothelial monolayers with exosomes that were from stable miR‐103‐expressing hepatoma cells facilitated the transendothelial invasion of tumor cells, and this role of exosomes was abrogated by inhibiting miR‐103 in endothelial cells. Further in vivo analyses disclosed that mice with xenografts of stable miR‐103‐expressing hepatoma cells exhibited higher vascular permeability in tumor, higher level of exosomal miR‐103 and greater number of tumor cells in blood circulation, and increased rates of hepatic and pulmonary metastases, compared to control mice. Mechanism investigations revealed that hepatoma cell‐secreted miR‐103 could be delivered into endothelial cells via exosomes, and then attenuated the endothelial junction integrity by directly inhibiting the expression of VE‐Cadherin (VE‐Cad), p120‐catenin (p120) and zonula occludens 1. Moreover, miR‐103 could also promote tumor cell migration by repressing p120 expression in hepatoma cells. Conclusion: Hepatoma cell‐secreted exosomal miR‐103 increases vascular permeability and promotes tumor metastasis by targeting multiple endothelial junction proteins, which highlights secreted miR‐103 as a potential therapeutic target and a predictive marker for HCC metastasis. (Hepatology 2018).
Time‐varying synchronous cell ensembles during consummatory periods correlate with variable numbers of place cell spikes
Authors: Yagi Saichiro , Igata Hideyoshi , Shikano Yu , Aoki Yuki , Sasaki Takuya , Ikegaya Yuji
Published: April 2018

Spike rates of a hippocampal place cell are not constant and vary even when an animal visits an identical place field with nearly identical behavior. As one potential neurophysiological source underlying place cell spiking variability, we focused on the temporally fluctuating activity states of neuronal ensembles. Spike patterns of hippocampal neurons were recorded from rats performing a linear track task. Within a single consummatory period, similar sets of neurons were more frequently recruited in synchronous firing events, whereas different synchronized firing patterns of neuronal populations tended to be identified in different consummatory periods. A linear regression analysis indicated that the time‐varying activation patterns of neuronal populations during consummatory periods are correlated with the spike rates of a place cell within its place field during running. These findings suggest that place cell in‐field spiking is not only triggered by static inputs that represent external environments but also strongly depends on the time‐varying internal states of neuronal populations.
Task interdependence and the discrimination of gay men and lesbians in the workplace
Authors: Lim Angeline Cuifang , Trau Raymond Nam Cam , Foo Maw‐Der
Published: April 2018

Research on occupational segregation has found that gay men and lesbians concentrate in occupations with high task independence. This research proposed that gay men and lesbians self‐select into such occupations, as it may be easier to manage their sexual orientation if they do not interact closely with others. We provide a complementary explanation that the high concentration of gay men and lesbians in high‐task‐independent jobs may be due to bias during the selection stage. We conducted two studies to examine (a) whether discrimination at the point of hiring limits gay men and lesbians’ access to high‐task‐interdependent occupations, and (b) whether gay men and lesbians in task‐interdependent jobs are less likely to be invited to socialize by coworkers. We found that gay men and lesbians are discriminated against for task‐interdependent occupations by hiring personnel, but notably are more likely to be invited to socialize outside of work by coworkers if they are in task‐interdependent jobs. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice of occupational segregation of gay men and lesbians specifically and for other minority or stigmatized groups in general.
Streambed restoration to remove fine sediment alters reach‐scale transient storage in a low‐gradient fifth‐order river, Indiana, USA
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Morgan Joseph A. , White Jeffrey R. , Royer Todd V.
Published: April 2018

Hyporheic restoration is of increasing interest given the role of hyporheic zones in supporting ecosystem services and functions. Given the prevalence of sediment pollution to waterways, an emerging restoration technique involves the removal of sediment from the interstices of gravel‐bed streams. Here, we document streambed sediment removal following a large, accidental release of fine sediment into a gravel‐bed river. We use this as a natural experiment to assess the impact of fine sediment removal on reach‐scale measures of transient storage and to document the responses of reaches with contrasting morphology (restored vs. unrestored) to changing discharge one‐field season. We conducted a series of conservative solute tracer experiments in each reach, interpreting both summary statistics for the recovered in‐stream solute tracer time series. Additionally, we applied the transient storage model to interpret the results via model parameters, including a Monte Carlo analysis to measure parameter identifiability and sensitivity in each experiment. Despite the restoration effort resulting in an open matrix gravel bed in the restored reach, we did not find the significant differences in most time series metrics describing reach‐scale transport and transient storage. We hypothesize that this is due to enhanced vertical exchange with the gravel bed in the restored reach replacing lateral exchange with macrophyte beds in the unrestored reach, developing a conceptual model to explain our findings. Consequently, we found that the impact of reach‐scale removal of fine sediment is not measureable using reach‐scale solute tracer studies. We offer recommendations for future studies seeking to measure the impacts of stream restoration at the reach scale.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION SYSTEMS MODELING LANGUAGE (SysML® v2)
Authors: Friedenthal Sanford
Published: April 2018

This article provides an overview of the requirements for the next generation Systems Modeling Language (SysMLR v2). The requirements are specified in the SysML v2 Request for Proposal (RFP) that was issued in December 2017 by the Object Management Group (OMGR). The issuance of the RFP culminates a one‐and‐a‐half‐year effort by the SysML v2 RFP Working Group to develop the requirements for SysML v2 that will improve support for model‐based systems engineering (MBSE). In particular, the requirements are intended to enhance the precision, expressiveness, and usability of SysML v2 relative to SysML v1. A complementary RFP entitled, “The SysML v2 API and Services RFP” is also being developed to enable interoperability between SysML modeling tools and other model‐based engineering tools.
Optimal solution for data collision avoidance in radio frequency identification networks
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc‐Tu , Leu Ming C. , Zeadally Sherali , Liu Bing‐Hong , Chu Shao‐I
Published: April 2018

When data collisions happen in radio frequency identification (RFID) networks, inaccurate tag's information or the communication between the RFID reader and the RFID tag occur. Although recent technological advances have improved the inquiry capacity performance of RFID readers, the performance of RFID networks can still be affected by collisions. We propose a novel solution that helps select RFID readers which have the appropriate interrogation range to enable the highest number of tags to be read without collisions (often referred to as the reader‐tag‐data collision avoidance [RTDCA] problem). To solve the RTDCA problem, we introduce a relative collision graph to transform the original problem into one that involves finding the maximum weight independent set. We then formulate the RTDCA problem using a mathematical model. To solve the RTDCA problem by using a linear programming model requires an exponential number of variables which cannot be solved in polynomial time. Our proposed solution makes use of dynamic programming with path decomposition to determine the optimal number of RFID tags that can be read without data collisions.
Effect of resveratrol on doxorubicin resistance in breast neoplasm cells by modulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Ju‐Min , Bai Jun‐Yun , Yang Kun‐Xian
Published: April 2018

In the study, we probed into the effect of Resveratrol (RES) on Doxorubicin (DOX)‐resistant breast neoplasm cell line MCF‐7/DOX as well as the mechanism of RES underlying the DOX‐resistant breast cancer. CCK‐8 assay was utilized to assess the survival rates and sensitivity of breast neoplasm cell lines MCF‐7 or MDA‐MB‐231 to DOX and RES. DOX‐resistant MCF‐7 cell line was successfully cultivated with DOX dose increasing and was named MCF‐7/DOX. Afterwards, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to measure the migration and invasion capabilities of MCF‐7/DOX cells, while cell propagation and apoptosis were determined by colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis. Both western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the expression of proteins involved in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Nude mice xenograft model was constructed to further verify the effects of DOX and RES on breast neoplasm in vivo. RES restored DOX sensitivity in MCF‐7/DOX cells, inhibiting biological functions of MCF‐7/DOX cells and promoting cell apoptosis in vitro and impeding tumor growth in vivo. It was revealed by the mechanistic studies that MCF‐7/DOX cells could regain the drug sensibility with RES treatment through inactivating the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. RES could reverse DOX resistance in breast neoplasm cells and inhibited DOX‐resistant breast cancer cell propagation and metastasis and facilitated cell apoptosis by modulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):491–500, 2018
L‐rhamnose induces browning in 3T3‐L1 white adipocytes and activates HIB1B brown adipocytes
Authors: Choi Minji , Mukherjee Sulagna , Kang Nam Hyeon , Barkat Jameel Lone , Parray Hilal Ahmad , Yun Jong Won
Published: April 2018

Induction of the brown adipocyte‐like phenotype in white adipocytes (browning) is considered as a novel strategy to fight obesity due to the ability of brown adipocytes to increase energy expenditure. Here, we report that L‐rhamnose induced browning by elevating expression levels of beige‐specific marker genes, including Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, Prdm16, Tmem26, and Ucp1, in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Moreover, L‐rhamnose markedly elevated expression levels of proteins involved in thermogenesis both in 3T3‐L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes. L‐rhamnose treatment in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes also significantly elevated protein levels of p‐HSL, p‐AMPK, ACOX, and CPT1 as well as reduced levels of ACC, FAS, C/EBPα, and PPARγ, suggesting its possible role in enhancement of lipolysis and lipid catabolism as well as reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively. The quick technique of efficient molecular docking provided insight into the strong binding of L‐rhamnose to the fat‐digesting glycine residue of β3‐adrenergic receptor (AR), indicating strong involvement of L‐rhamnose in fat metabolism. Further examination of the molecular mechanism of L‐rhamnose revealed that it induced browning of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes via coordination of multiple signaling pathways through β3‐AR, SIRT1, PKA, and p‐38. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that L‐rhamnose plays multiple modulatory roles in the induction of white fat browning, activation of brown adipocytes, as well as promotion of lipid metabolism, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential for treatment of obesity. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):563–573, 2018
The Experiences of College Students in Recovery From Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Iarussi Melanie M.
Published: April 2018

Colleges are often substance‐saturated environments, creating challenges for students trying to maintain recovery from substance use disorders. Using phenomenological method, this study sought to enhance understanding of the experiences of college students in recovery. Findings include 6 main themes that describe the experiences of participants, and implications for professional counselors are delineated from these findings.
Tissue reaction after subcutaneous implants of a new material composed of ethylene‐vinyl acetate and starch for future use as a biomaterial
Authors: Froes Brenda , Holgado Leandro A. , Simões Rebeca D. , Velasco Nieto Daniel , Angel Rodriguez Perez Miguel , Kinoshita Angela
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the tissue reaction of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) in 4 different compositions and processing: EVA foamed at high pressure with ultrasound (EVACU); EVA with 15% starch foamed at high pressure with ultrasound (EVAMCU); EVA with 15% starch foamed at high pressure without ultrasound and EVA foamed at high pressure without ultrasound as future use as a porous scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the influence of starch, reducing the diameter of pores. The number of open pores was also reduced with the addition of starch. The ultrasound applied during the manufacturing of composites does not affect these characteristics. Eighteen rats were used to test the tissue reaction of materials and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), proven biocompatible material. After 7, 15, and 60 days of surgery, the materials were removed and processed for microscopic evaluation and counting of the inflammatory infiltrate. The data shows inflammatory reaction similar to PTFE. However, in the quantitative analysis at 60 days, the EVACU and EVAMCU showed less quantity of mononuclear cells (p < 0.05). Thus, the results suggest that the use of ultrasound in the production method (EVA) seems to have improved cell behavior regarding the reduction of infiltration over the period, with tissue response equivalent to the PTFE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 400–407, 2019.
Fracture Healing in Two Adult Patients With Hypophosphatasia After Asfotase Alfa Therapy
Authors: Klidaras Philostratos , Severt Jacqueline , Aggers Deborah , Payne Jason , Miller Paul D , Ing Steven W
Published: April 2018

Infants and children with hypophosphatasia (HPP) treated with asfotase alfa show improvement in bone mineralization and motor function, but it is unclear whether the medication can affect fracture healing in adult HPP patients. We present the course of fracture healing in two adults with HPP on enzyme replacement. Case 1 is a 41‐year‐old female with infantile‐onset HPP who was wheelchair‐bound due to a nonhealing tibial fragility fracture sustained 3 years before and also had nonhealing femoral pseudofracture sustained 17 years before starting asfotase alfa therapy in December 2015. One month after medication initiation, she underwent elective osteotomy of tibia and fibula with intramedullary nail fixation. After 3 months of enzyme replacement, she was full weight‐bearing and radiographs demonstrated callus formation at osteotomy sites, and at 11 months of therapy, radiographs showed union of the osteotomies. By 11 months of asfotase alfa therapy, there was near resolution of the femoral pseudofracture without interval surgery at this site. Case 2 is a 61‐year‐old male who showed nonunion of a fragility fracture of the right femur 8 years prior, intramedullary nail fixation 6 years prior, and stress fracture of the left femoral diaphysis sustained 1 year before starting asfotase alfa in October 2015. A trial of teriparatide was unsuccessful in healing of these fractures. On asfotase alfa, radiographs revealed interval healing of the left femur fracture after 12 months and complete healing of the right femur fracture and near resolution of the left femur fracture after 16 months of medical therapy. These two adult patients with HPP showed significant clinical and radiographic improvements in a total of four recalcitrant fractures on enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ablation of Dnmt3b in chondrocytes suppresses cell maturation during embryonic development
Authors: Xu Taotao , Wang Cuicui , Shen Jie , Tong Peijian , O'Keefe Regis
Published: April 2018

DNA methylation is a major mode of epigenetic regulation in the mammalian genome and is essential for embryonic development. The three catalytic DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b, catalyze the methylation of cytosine. Dnmt3b is highly expressed in chondrocytes and global knockout of Dnmt3b led to skeletal deformations and embryonic lethality, suggesting an essential role of Dnmt3b in endochondral bone formation. To further define the role of Dnmt3b in skeletal development, Dnmt3b was deleted in Col2 positive chondrocyte lineage cells. Both axial and appendicular skeletal size were reduced and bone mineralization was delayed in Col2Cre+;Dnmt3bf/f (Dnmt3bCol2) mice at E14.5 and E18.5. While Alcian Blue Hematoxylin/Orange G (ABH/OG) staining showed normal chondrocyte columns in control growth plates, the length of hypertrophic chondrocyte zone and type X collagen expression were decreased in E18.5 growth plates from Dnmt3bCol2 mice. TUNEL and PCNA staining demonstrated that the delay in chondrocyte maturation observed in the Dnmt3bCol2 growth plates was not secondary to altered chondrocyte apoptosis or proliferation. Complementary in vitro experiments were performed on primary sternal chondrocytes isolated from control and Dnmt3bCol2 mice. Gene expression studies confirmed delayed terminal maturation as Mmp13 and Col10a1 expression was down‐regulated in Dnmt3bCol2 chondrocytes. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red staining confirmed that Dnmt3b deletion in chondrocytes delays in vitro chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Mechanistically, Dnmt3b gene deletion resulted in decreased BMP signaling through reduction of Smad1 phosphorylation. These findings show that epigenetic factor, Dnmt3b is necessary for normal chondrocyte hypertrophic maturation and limb development.
Effects of FGF‐23‐mediated ERK/MAPK signaling pathway on parathyroid hormone secretion of parathyroid cells in rats with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Jun , Chen Xiong , Wu Wen‐Jun , Zhou Qi , Gong Xiao‐Hua , Shi Bi‐Min
Published: April 2018

This study is supposed to investigate the effect of FGF‐23 on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) rat model. Thirty rats were equally served as the normal and SHPT groups. After transfection, parathyroid cells was assigned into blank, NC, pcDNA3.1‐FGF‐23, siRNA‐FGF‐23, U0126, and siRNA‐FGF‐23 + U0126 groups. The serum levels of Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and PTH were detected. HE and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used for the histopathological changes and the FGF‐23, EKR1/2, and pEKR1/2 expressions. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of FGF‐23, PTH, MAPK, EKR1/2, and Klotho. The proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle were all measured for parathyroid cells by CCK‐8 assay, TUNEL staining and Flow cytometry. Compared with the normal group, the SHPT group showed increased serum levels PTH, P, ALP, and FGF‐23 and mRNA and protein expressions of FGF‐23 and PTH, whereas declined Ca and p‐ERK1/2 expression, mRNA and protein expression of Klotho, cell apoptosis rate was reduced. Furthermore, compared to the blank and NC groups, the pcDNA3.1‐FGF‐23 and U0126 groups had a decreased mRNA expression of Klotho, protein expression of EKR1/2 and Klotho, and cell apoptosis rate was down‐regulated, whereas the RNA and protein expressions of FGF‐23 and PTH were up‐regulated, and cell proliferation was elevated. The opposite results were observed in the siRNA‐FGF‐23 group. Our study demonstrated that FGF‐23 could inhibit signaling transduction of ERK/MAPK pathway and accelerate the secretion of PTH in rats with SHPT.
Calcifications in prostate cancer: An active phenomenon mediated by epithelial cells with osteoblast‐phenotype
Authors: Scimeca Manuel , Bonfiglio Rita , Varone Fabiana , Ciuffa Sara , Mauriello Alessandro , Bonanno Elena
Published: April 2018

The main aim of this study was to investigate putative correlation between the formation of prostate calcifications and the presence of cancer cells showing the ultrastructural and morphological aspects of osteoblasts. To this end, 40 prostate biopsies of prostate cancer were enrolled and investigated from histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural point of view. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to propose a new cell type related to the ectopic calcifications in prostate tissue, the prostate osteoblast‐like cells (POLCs). Although our data require further investigations about the molecular mechanisms of both POLCs Cells generation and calcification formation, this study can open new and interesting prospective in the management of prostate cancer patients. In fact, if our data will be validated in large‐cohort studies, the presence of POLCs Cells and/or prostate calcifications could become a poor negative prognostic marker for cancer occurrence due to the correlation between the presence of POLCs Cells and epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon.
Undiagnosed HIV infections among gay and bisexual men increasingly contribute to new infections in Australia
Authors: Gray Richard T , Wilson David P , Guy Rebecca J , Stoové Mark , Hellard Margaret E , Prestage Garrett P , Lea Toby , de Wit John , Holt Martin
Published: April 2018

Introduction

We determined the contribution of undiagnosed HIV to new infections among gay and bisexual men (GBM) over a 12‐year period in Australia where there has been increasing focus on improving testing and HIV treatment coverage.

Methods

We generated annual estimates for each step of the HIV cascade and the number of new HIV infections for GBM in Australia over 2004 to 2015 using relevant national data. Using Bayesian melding we then fitted a quantitative model to the cascade and incidence estimates to infer relative transmission coefficients associated with being undiagnosed, diagnosed and not on ART, on ART with unsuppressed virus, or on ART with suppressed virus.

Results

Between 2004 and 2015, we estimated the percentage of GBM with HIV in Australia who were unaware of their status to have decreased from 14.5% to 7.5%. During the same period, there was a substantial increase in the number and proportion of GBM living with HIV on treatment and with suppressed virus, with the number of virally suppressed GBM increasing from around 3900 (30.2% of all GBM living with HIV) in 2004 to around 14,000 (73.7% of all GBM living with HIV) in 2015. Despite the increase in viral suppression, the annual number of new infections rose from around 660 to around 760 over this period. Our results have a wide range due to the uncertainty in the cascade estimates and transmission coefficients. Nevertheless, undiagnosed GBM increasingly appear to contribute to new infections. The proportion of new infections attributable to undiagnosed GBM almost doubled from 33% in 2004 to 59% in 2015. Only a small proportion (<7%) originated from GBM with suppressed virus.

Discussion

Our study suggests that an increase in HIV treatment coverage in Australia has reduced the overall risk of HIV transmission from people living with HIV. However, the proportion of infections and the rate of transmission from undiagnosed GBM has increased substantially. These findings highlight the importance of HIV testing and intensified prevention for Australian GBM at high risk of HIV.
Noninvasive prediction of portal pressure with MR elastography and DCE‐MRI of the liver and spleen: Preliminary results
Authors: Wagner Mathilde , Hectors Stefanie , Bane Octavia , Gordic Sonja , Kennedy Paul , Besa Cecilia , Schiano Thomas D. , Thung Swan , Fischman Aaron , Taouli Bachir
Published: April 2018

Background

Portal hypertension (PH), defined by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥5 mmHg and clinically significant PH, defined by HVPG ≥10 mmHg, are complications of chronic liver disease.

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic performance of MR elastography (MRE) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) of the liver and spleen for the prediction of PH and clinically significant PH, in comparison with a qualitative PH imaging scoring system.

Study Type

IRB‐approved prospective study.

Population

In all, 34 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent HVPG measurement.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5/3T examination including 2D‐GRE MRE (n = 33) and DCE‐MRI of the liver/spleen (n = 28).

Assessment

Liver and spleen stiffness were calculated from elastogram maps. DCE‐MRI was analyzed using model‐free parameters and pharmacokinetic modeling. Two observers calculated qualitative PH imaging scores based on routine images.

Statistical Tests

Imaging parameters were correlated with HVPG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for prediction of PH and clinically significant PH.

Results

There were significant correlations between DCE‐MRI parameters (liver time‐to‐peak, r = 0.517 / P = 0.006, liver distribution volume, r = 0.494 / P = 0.009, liver upslope, r = –0.567 / P = 0.002), liver stiffness (r = 0.478 / P = 0.016), PH imaging score (r = 0.441 / P = 0.009), and HVPG. ROC analysis provided significant area under the ROC (AUROCs) for PH (liver upslope 0.765, liver stiffness 0.809, spleen volume/diameter 0.746–0.731, PH imaging score 0.756) and for clinically significant PH (liver and spleen perfusion parameters 0.733–0.776, liver stiffness 0.742, PH imaging score 0.742). The ratio of liver stiffness to liver upslope had the highest AUROC for diagnosing PH (0.903) and clinically significant PH (0.785).

Data Conclusion

These preliminary results suggest that the combination of liver stiffness and perfusion metrics provide excellent accuracy for diagnosing PH, and fair accuracy for clinically significant PH. Combined MRE and DCE‐MRI outperformed qualitative imaging scores for prediction of PH.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1091–1103.
A typology of stigma within organizations: Access and treatment effects
Authors: Summers James K. , Howe Michael , McElroy James C. , Ronald Buckley M. , Pahng Phoebe , Cortes‐Mejia Sebastian
Published: April 2018

Stigmatization is a process by which certain individuals are devalued and alienated from specific types of social interactions, because they are perceived to possess a negatively valenced characteristic (e.g., age, gender, and medical condition). Due to its diverse and context‐driven nature, stigmatization potentially affects a large percentage of the population. Consequently, many individuals are likely victimized by stigmatization processes in a particular situation and subsequently may be deprived of the organizational opportunities available to nonstigmatized individuals. The purpose of this paper is to review and organize the literature by drawing on a suggested typology of stigmas found in organizations. We ground this novel typology in both the stigmatization and management literatures, incorporating the dimensions of controllability and visibility of stigmatizing attributes as well as whether or not the attribute is protected under federal law. Because all stigmatizing characteristics are not equally deleterious, we present 8 separate groups of stigmas and the differential effects that each have on stigmatized individuals' opportunities within organizations (i.e., access and treatment discrimination). Further, we outline mechanisms (i.e., imputed characteristics) that underlie the differential treatment afforded those who are stigmatized. We then provide a research roadmap to better understand the role stigmas play in organizations moving forward.