bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cassava Yield and Economic Response to Fertilizer in Tanzania, Kenya and Ghana
Authors: Senkoro Catherine J. , Tetteh Francis M. , Kibunja Catherine N. , Ndungu‐Magiroi Keziah W. , Quansah Gabriel W. , Marandu Atanasio E. , Ley George J. , Mwangi Teresa J. , Wortmann Charles S.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Cassava is a major food crop in tropical Africa

Cassava is efficient in uptake of immobile nutrients.

Cassava is highly responsive to applied N.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major food crop in Africa with little information of response to applied nutrients. Our objectives were to: determine cassava yield response to macronutrients for production areas in Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania; evaluate the effect Mg, S, Zn and B application; and determine agronomic efficiency (AE) and value cost ratio (VCR) for nutrient application. Fresh storage root yield with no fertilizer averaged 14.4 Mg ha−1 and mean yield increases due to 80 kg ha−1 N applied were 8.1, 6.5 and 9.0 Mg ha−1 in Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania. Storage root yield was increased 93% with P application for Aduma in Ghana and there was a curvilinear to plateau response to K at Wenchi Ghana. No other responses to P and K rates occurred, but an N × P synergism occurred in Tanzania. There were no responses to applied Mg, S, Zn, and B. The VCR for N at all sites was >2 indicating sufficient profit opportunity to make N application attractive to many financially constrained farmers. The mean soil organic C (SOC) was 8 g kg−1; the results may lose applicability with much higher SOC soils. Over all trials, application of 80 kg ha−1 N had, on average 8.44 Mg ha−1 increased yield with 105 kg kg−1 agronomic efficiency and 7.8 $ $−1 profit to cost ratio. The results indicate that cassava is efficient in P and K uptake with restricted and little profit potential for P and K application in these countries, respectively.
Estimating Legacy Soil Phosphorus Impacts on Phosphorus Loss in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Authors: Vadas Peter A. , Fiorellino Nicole M. , Coale Frank J. , Kratochvil Robert , Mulkey Alisha S. , McGrath Josh M.
Published: May 2018

Agricultural nutrient management is an issue due to P loss from fields and water quality degradation. This is especially true in watersheds where a history of P application in excess of crop needs has resulted in elevated soil P (legacy P). As practices and policy are implemented in such watersheds to reduce P loss, information is needed on time required to draw down soil P and how much P loss can be reduced by drawdown. We used the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model to simulate soil P drawdown in Maryland, and to estimate P loss at a statewide scale associated with different combinations of soil P and P transport. Simulated APLE soil P drawdown compared well with measured rates from three field sites, showing that APLE can reliably simulate P dynamics for Maryland soils. Statewide APLE simulations of average annual P loss from cropland (0.84 kg ha−1) also compared well with estimates from the Chesapeake Bay Model (0.87 kg ha−1). The APLE results suggest that it is realistic to expect that a concerted effort to reduce high P soils throughout the state can reduce P loss to the Chesapeake Bay by 40%. However, P loss reduction would be achieved gradually over several decades, since soil P drawdown is very slow. Combining soil P drawdown with aggressive conservation efforts to reduce P transport in erosion could achieve a 62% reduction in state‐level P loss. This 62% reduction could be considered a maximum amount possible that is still compatible with modern agriculture.

Core Ideas

APLE model can reliably simulate soil P drawdown and P loss for Maryland soils.

Soil P drawdown efforts in Maryland could reduce P loss to the Chesapeake Bay by 40%.

Soil P drawdown will require decades to fully achieve.

Soil P drawdown combined with conservation to reduce erosion could reduce P loss by 62%.
Minimizing Virus Transport in Porous Media by Optimizing Solid Phase Inactivation
Authors: Sasidharan Salini , Bradford Scott A. , Šimůnek Jiří , Torkzaban Saeed
Published: May 2018

The influence of virus type (PRD1 and ΦX174), temperature (flow at 4 and 20°C), a no‐flow storage duration (0, 36, 46, and 70 d), and temperature cycling (flow at 20°C and storage at 4°C) on virus transport and fate were investigated in saturated sand‐packed columns. The vast majority (84–99.5%) of viruses were irreversibly retained on the sand, even in the presence of deionized water and beef extract at pH = 11. The reversibly retained virus fraction (fr) was small (1.6 × 10−5 to 0.047) but poses a risk of long‐term virus contamination. The value of fr and associated transport risk was lower at a higher temperature and for increases in the no‐flow storage period due to the temperature dependency of the solid phase inactivation. A model that considered advective–dispersive transport, attachment (katt), detachment (kdet), solid phase inactivation (μs), and liquid phase inactivation (μl) coefficients, and a Langmuirian blocking function provided a good description of the early portion of the breakthrough curve. The removal parameters were found to be in the order of katt > μs >> μl. Furthermore, μs was an order of magnitude higher than μl for PRD1, whereas μs was two and three orders of magnitude higher than μl for ΦX174 at 4 and 20°C, respectively. Transport modeling with two retention, release, and inactivation sites demonstrated that a small fraction of viruses exhibited a much slower release and solid phase inactivation rate, presumably because variations in the sand and virus surface roughness caused differences in the strength of adhesion. These findings demonstrate the importance of solid phase inactivation, temperature, and storage periods in eliminating virus transport in porous media. This research has potential implications for managed aquifer recharge applications and guidelines to enhance the virus removal by controlling the temperature and aquifer residence time.

Solid phase inactivation is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than liquid phase inactivation.

Solid phase inactivation increases with temperature and column storage duration.

The solid phase inactivation was higher for ΦX174 than PRD1.

Solid phase inactivation reduced the reversible virus fraction by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.
Investigating Genetic Progress and Variation for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Spring Wheat
Authors: Kubota Hiroshi , Iqbal Muhammad , Dyck Miles , Quideau Sylvie , Yang Rong-Cai , Spaner Dean
Published: May 2018

Improved N use efficiency (NUE) increases wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields and reduces N losses in the environment. We investigated genetic variation and correlations among agronomic and NUE traits in Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars to further improve NUE. Trials were conducted for 3 yr at two locations in Alberta, Canada, under two levels of N (200 and ~50 kg ha−1). Genotype × environment interaction was significant for traits associated with vegetative growth, and genotype × N fertilizer treatment interaction was significant for important yield and NUE traits. There were significant positive correlations between total dry matter and N uptake efficiency (NUpE) in the high (r = 0.74, P < 0.05) and low (r = 0.83, P < 0.05) N treatments. The effect of dwarfing Rht‐1b allele was more prominent under high N treatment in increasing NUE. However, cultivars with Rht‐1b allele showed inconsistent results for NUpE, indicating that Rht alleles might have pleiotropic effects on N uptake. Grain yield, NUE, and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) exhibited genetic improvement over time only under high N treatment. Our results indicated that grain yield increased mainly due to improved harvest index (HI), suggesting improvement in C assimilation rather than N partitioning efficiency. Nitrogen use efficiency may further be improved by intercrossing cultivars with high HI, N harvest index, and NUtE and those with good NUpE, while using total dry matter production as a selection criterion.
Monitoring Saturation Changes with Ambient Seismic Noise and Gravimetry in a Karst Environment
Authors: Fores B. , Champollion C. , Mainsant G. , Albaric J. , Fort A.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Saturation changes can be monitored with ambient seismic noise.

We present a new and nondestructive tool to investigate deep and heterogeneous vadose zones.

At the site scale, this tool fills the gap between local boreholes and global basin information.

Different geophysical datasets can be assimilated for hydrological model calibration.

On a heterogeneous karstic site in the Larzac plateau (France), we performed cross‐correlations of ambient seismic noise recorded at two broadband seismometers to obtain daily seismic velocity changes. Rayleigh velocity changes at the 6‐ to 8‐Hz frequency band show variations of ±0.2% over 1 yr. Assuming a simple velocity profile, changes are expected to come from depths of tens of meters. Therefore velocity changes at 6 to 8 Hz were interpreted as induced by water saturation changes. A slow infiltration rate would explain the delay of several months between the rainy season (November) and the minimum velocity (June). Superconducting gravimeter, evapotranspiration, and magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) measurements were then combined with seismic data in one‐dimensional physical simulations. Velocity changes clearly constrain hydrological parameters, like saturated hydraulic conductivity, even if the Biot–Gassmann theory does not explain all of the amplitude observed. Nevertheless, this nondestructive method demonstrates great potential in hydrological model calibration. It overcomes the lack of depth resolution of gravimetry and the lack of temporal resolution of MRS. The combination of ambient seismic noise with gravimetry and MRS could fill the instrumental gap currently existing in hydrology for the study of deep and/or complex critical zones.
Anticancer Herbs for Improving the Quality of Life
Authors: Qaiser Darakhshan , Srivastava Anurag , Qaiser Afshan
Published: May 2018

In the world, there are many systems of traditional medicine. Cancer is the major public health burden both in developing and developed countries. Around 50% of existing medicines for cancer treatment have plants origin. Anticancer property of some plant extracts proven to be significantly effective in the treatment of cancer. Many herbs like sadabahar, turmeric, Kalonji, cannabis, garlic, flaxseed contain active components which may be effective in prevention and treatment of many cancers. The present review focuses on the evidence of health benefit of various herbs though recent human and animal studies.
Balıklıgöl Havzası Su Kaynaklarının Nitrat ve Nitrit Seviyelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: YETİŞ Recep , ATASOY A. Dilek , DEMİR YETİŞ Ayşegül , YEŞİLNACAR M. İrfan
Published: May 2018

Balıklıgöl Havzası Şanlıurfa İli sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Balıklıgöl Havza’sındaki bu çalışma havza sınırı içerisinde bazı su kaynaklarında nitrat ve nitrit seviyelerinin araştırılması maksadıyla yapılmıştır. Çünkü su kaynaklarında nitrat ve nitrit açısından olması muhtemel bir kirlilik öncelikli olarak o bölgedeki ve civarındaki su kaynaklarını kirleterek dolaylı olarak bu suyu tüketen insanların da sağlığını olumsuz etkileyecektir. Bu nedenle Nisan 2014 – Ocak 2015 tarihleri arasında yapılan çalışma bir yıl boyunca mevsimlik olarak 8 ayrı noktada yürütülmüştür. Havzadan alınan numunelerde nitrat ve nitrit analizleri spektrofotometrik yöntemle yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, su numunelerinde nitrat en düşük 1,52 mg/L, en yüksek 15,9 mg/L olarak tespit edilmişken; nitrit ise en düşük 0,014 mg/L, en yüksek 0,203 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen nitrat ve nitrit sonuçlarına ait alansal dağılım haritası oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca ulusal ve uluslararası standart ve sınıflamalara tabi tutularak değerlendirilmiştir.
Kentsel Arama Kurtarma Birliklerinin YerleĢim Yeri Problemi Çözümünde Matematiksel Programlama ve Simülasyon YaklaĢımları: Ġstanbul Örneği
Authors: MACİT İrfan , OĞULATA S. Noyan, , ALPARSLAN Z. Nazan
Published: May 2018

Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Biyoistatistik Bölümü, AdanaÖzAfet aniden ortaya çıkan ve insan hayatını kesintiye uğratan doğa olaylarıdır. Deprem ise afet türleriiçerisinde ortaya çıktıktan sonra yıkıcı etkisini uzun süre gösteren afet türüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı,deprem sonrasında arama kurtarma birliklerinin bir planlama ufku süresince depremden etkilenenbölgelere mevcut birlik sayılarına ek olarak tiplerine göre birlik sayılarını bulmaktır. Çalışmadaoluşturulan matematiksel modelde birincil ve ikincil kapsama alanları arasında gönderilecek birlikler aynıkapsama bölgesinden gelen talepleri risk baskı faktörü büyüklüğüne göre sıralamaktadır. Matematikselmodelden elde edilen sonuçlar simülasyon deneyi ile test edilerek matematiksel modelin geçerliliği testedilmiş ve arama kurtarma birliği ihtiyacı belirlenmiştir.
Kuru Tip Transformatör Optimizasyonuna Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Ateş Böceği Algoritması
Authors: DEMİRDELEN Tuğçe
Published: May 2018

Kuru tip transformatörler, ticari ve endüstriyel uygulamalarda oldukça popülerdir. Bu çalışmada Ateş böceği algoritması yöntemi kullanılarak kuru tip transformatörün yeniden tasarlanması yapılırken ağırlığının ve maliyetinin optimum seviyeye düşürülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda transformatörün veriminin maksimum seviyeye çıkarılabileceği görülmüştür. Uygulama için 100 kVA’lık üç fazlı, kuru, çekirdek tipi nüveli transformatör kullanılmış olup öncelikle matematiksel modeli çıkarılıp daha sonra transformatör değişkenleri olan akım yoğunluğu (s) ve demir kesiti uygunluk faktörü (C) optimize edilerek ağırlık ve maliyet optimum seviyeye çekilmiştir. Performans analizi ayrıntılı şekilde yapılarak uygulanan optimizasyon yönteminin faydası en açık şekilde ortaya konmuştur.
Yumuşak Zemin Model Parametrelerinin Zemin Davranışına Etkisi
Authors: UYSAL Firdevs , BAĞRIAÇIK Baki , YILDIZ Abdulazim
Published: May 2018

Kil gibi yumuşak zeminler yüksek poroziteye sahiptir ve diğer zemin türleri ile karşılaştırıldığı zaman yüksek sıkışabilirlik göstermektedir. Ödometre deneyinde, normal konsolide killer normal konsolide kumlara göre on kat daha yumuşak davranmaktadır [1]. Kil zeminler çok düşük permeabiliteye sahiptir ve permeabilite konsolidasyon oranının idaresinde oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak yumuşak kilin birincil konsolidasyon davranışı büyük ölçekli bir laboratuvar oedometre deneyi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yumuşak kili temsil etmesi için yeniden yapılandırılmış kaolin kili kullanılmıştır. Kaolin tozu likit limitin 1,5 katı kadar su ile karıştırılarak 30kPa değerinde bir eksenel basınç ile konsolide edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında, klasik laboratuvar deneylerinden elde edilen zemin parametrelerinin, yumuşak zemin davranışına etkisi Plaxis 2D sonlu eleman hesapları ile araştırılmıştır. Sonlu eleman hesaplarında Yumuşak Zemin Modeli kullanılmıştır ve model parametreleri standart laboratuvar deneylerinden elde edilmiştir. Simulasyonlar uygun model parametrelerinin belirlenmesinin yumuşak zemin davranışının modellenmesinde oldukça büyük bir öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Erken Yaş Yüksek Dayanımlı Çimento Bağlayıcılı Kompozitlerle Üretilen Onarım Sistemlerinin Eğilme Performansı ve Yansıma Çatlağı Davranışı
Authors: YILDIRIM Gürkan
Published: May 2018

Çalışma kapsamında, yüksek süneklilik ve çekme yüklemeleri altında sergilenen çoklu dar çatlak genişlikleri özelliklerinden ödün vermeden erken yaş yüksek dayanımlı ve onarılacak beton ile en yüksek derecede bağ kuracak yeni nesil onarım malzemeleri tasarlanmış ve bu malzemelerin performansı piyasada yaygın olarak kullanılan bir başka onarım malzemesiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde monolitik halde test edilen karışımların temel mekanik özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise tabakalı olarak hazırlanan karışımların onarım malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirlikleri eğilme performansı ve yansıma çatlağı davranışları göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında üretilen HESECC karışımlarının tamamı literatürde bir onarım malzemesinden erken yaşta beklenen temel mekanik özelliklerin tamamını fazlasıyla karşılamış ve üretilen tabakalı numuneler, piyasada yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan OM numunelerine kıyasla çok daha sünek bir davranış sergileyerek yansıma çatlağının yayılımını önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır.
Adana İli Seyhan İlçesindeki Su Depolarının Bakteriyolojik ve Fizikokimyasal Açıdan İncelenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Rozelin , ATAKAV Yağmur
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışma, Adana’nın Seyhan ilçesindeki apartmanlardaki su depolarının fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 53 apartmandan depo giriş, depo çıkış ve 1. kat olmak üzere toplamda 159 adet su numunesi toplandı. Su numunelerinde fizikokimyasal özelliklerden tat, koku, bulanıklılık, toplam sertlik, pH ve bakiye klor ölçümü yapılırken, mikrobiyolojik olarak 37 °C’de koloni sayımı, Enterekok, E. coli, total koliform bakterilerin varlığı araştırıldı. Depo girişinden, yani şebekeden alınmış olan su örneklerinde %0,63 oranında total koloni sayımında, %1,89 oranında ise total koliform bakteri, %0 E. coli uygunsuzluğuna rastlanmıştır. Çıkış sularında ise %0,63 enterekok, %14,5 total koloni sayımı, %5 total koliform ve %0 E. coli bakteri tespit edilmiştir. Saha da yapılan ölçümlerde bakiye klor sadece 4 apartmanın su deposunda ölçülebilmiştir. Su numunelerinin geneli orta sertlikte olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Alınan su numunelerinde 2 istisnai örnek dışında renk, tat, bulanıklılık ve koku problemi de bulunmamaktadır. Örneklerin pH düzeyleri incelendiğinde şebeke suyunun 6,9-8,4 değerleri arasında ve ortalama 7,4 değerinde olduğu ölçülmüştür. Yapılan çalışma sonunda, suyun bina içi su yapılarına kadar temiz bir şekilde ulaştığı varsayılsa bile suların depolandığı su depolarının çok kritik bir öneme sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Yüksek Isı Ortamının Otomat Çeliklerinin Yorulma Ömrüne Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZGÜN Rahim , KÖSE Ercan , KÜLEKÇİ Mustafa Kemal , EŞME Uğur , ÖCALIR Şeref
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada yüksek ısı ortamının otomat çeliklerinin yorulma ömrüne etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçlasilindirik malzemelerde kullanılmak üzere mikro denetleyicili yorulma test cihazı tasarlanmıştır. Otomatçeliği 900 ºC’ de olmak üzere 3 saat bekletilmiştir. Yüksek ısıda bekletilmiş ve bekletilmemiş numuneler;tasarımı ve imalatı yapılmış cihazda farklı gerilmelerde yorulma testine maruz bırakılarak, yüksek ısınınınilgili malzeme üzerinde yorulma ömrüne etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda yüksek ısı ortamınınotomat çeliklerinde yorulma ömrünü kısalttığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, deneyler sonucunda numunelerinkırılma yüzeylerinin, taramalı elektron mikroskobundan (SEM) alınan fotoğrafları incelendiğinde, yüksekısıda bekletilmiş numunelerin gözenek yoğunluğunun artmış olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Herkes için Erişilebilir Diş Polikliniği Tasarımı
Authors: ŞENYİĞİT Özlem
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Döner Sermayesi tarafından yazarın tasarım ve uygulama sorumlusu olarak görevlendirildiği bir Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Polikliniğinin herkes için erişilebilir olarak yapılan tasarımı tanıtılmaktadır.Herkes tüm yaşamsal alanlara erişebilme/ulaşabilme hakkına sahip olmalıdır. Dolayısıyla engelli, geçici engelli, yaşlı ve çocukların erişebileceği, hizmetlerinden faydalanabileceği sağlık birimlerinin herkes için erişilebilir olması bu çalışmada bahsi geçen tasarımın en önemli hedefidir. Poliklinikte; alan genişliği, erişim mesafesi, hareket kolaylığı gibi herkes için erişilebilir tasarım prensipleri bağlamında yatay ve düşey sirkülasyonlar, bekleme alanları, muayene odaları, tuvaletler, kapı genişlikleri vb. projelendirilmiş olup sonradan yapılacak emsallerine örnek teşkil etmesi amaçlanmıştır. Projenin tasarımına Ocak 2016 tarihinde başlanmıştır. Şu an poliklinik olarak işlevini sürdürmektedir.
Stolica Apostolska w polskiej polityce zagranicznej na uchodźstwie (Wrzesień 1939 – czerwiec 1940)
Authors: Kornat Marek
Published: May 2018

The Holy See In Polish Foreign Policy of the Government on exile (September 1939 — June 1940) The article is devoted to the reexamining of the policy of Polish Government on exile toward the Holy See after Poland’s defeat in September 1939 and the reestablishment of the legal authorities of Poland in France, under President Raczkiewicz and General Sikorski as Prime Minister. Terminus ad quem of the narration is the collapse of France and transfer of the Government of Poland to London in June 1940. Problems of Vatican’s perception of Polish Question is discussed on the basis of Polish archival documents, especially those of Polish Embassy to the Holy See. Vatican-Polish relations at the beginning of the World War II require special attention because the last treatment of this highly debatable problem was made in historiography by Zofia Waszkiewicz more than thirty five years ago in her monograph Polityka Watykanu wobec Polski 1939–1945 [Policy of the Vatican toward Poland 1939—1945] (Warsaw 1980). How much Polish diplomacy achieved fighting for the Holy See’s support against Nazi Germany? Two things must be said. Firstly, the Holy See recognized the legal continuity of Polish State after the German-Soviet occupation of Poland’s territory in September 1939, but did not sent the papal nuncio to Angers, when Polish Government resided. Secondly, Polish thesis on the special significance of Polish Question as the test-case of international justice received the positive response of the Pope Pius XII in his encyclical Summi Pontificatus published on October 20 1939, but the guidelines of Vatican’s policy were based on the doctrine of strict neutrality of the Papacy in the international relations. It did not permit for Papal condemnation ex officio of the Nazi crimes and criminal policy of extermination in Poland.
Implementação da política de resíduos sólidos nos municípios do agreste meridional de Pernambuco
Authors: Brandão Adilma L. , Pimentel Rejane M. M. , Castilho Claudio Jorge M. de
Published: May 2018

A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos define os princípios, objetivos, instrumentos e diretrizes da gestão dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil. Este estudo objetiva a identificação das dificuldades de implantação da PNRS no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco (AMP). A problemática foi abordada em uma perspectiva complexa, considerando aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais usados como indicadores de caracterização do Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. Para verificar as dificuldades de implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos foram analisados seus objetivos e instrumentos, a partir de dados amostrais de entrevistas com secretários ambientais de Garanhuns, Lajedo, Correntes e Bom Conselho. Foi feita uma análise dos Planos de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos e visitas aos aterros sanitários desses municípios. Os resultados mostram que a política adotada é a de terceirização do serviço de limpeza, além de um depósito dos resíduos, mediante pagamento, em aterro mais próximo. Concluímos que a política não é prioritária para o Estado, ela é falha no propósito de implementar a Política ao compartilhar responsabilidades, e transfere o ônus da implementação para os municípios, condicionando esta transferência de recursos aos dispositivos fiscais, acarretando dificuldades econômicas, principalmente para os municípios mais pobres. Foi confirmada a hipótese de que a distância da capital do estado, sob uma ótica operacional federalista, agrava as dificuldades técnicas, econômicas, fiscais e políticas da implementação.
Desenvolvimento e políticas públicas em unidades de produção de farinha da mandioca
Authors: Barros Júnior Antônio Pacheco de , Souza Werônica Meira de , Araújo Maria do Socorro Bezerra de
Published: May 2018

As casas de farinha são empreendimentos que realizam o beneficiamento da mandioca para produção da farinha. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os impactos ambientais nas casas de farinha, destacando a ausência de políticas públicas em casas de farinha no Município de Lajedo no Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram pesquisadas dezessete casas de farinha que se encontravam em funcionamento no período de investigação que ocorreu no mês de fevereiro de 2015. A metodologia contemplada envolveu as seguintes etapas: o levantamento bibliográfico, caracterização da área de estudo, interpretação de dados cartográficos, registro fotográfico, gravações de áudio e uso do receptor GPS para coleta da coordenada geográfica de cada casa de farinha. Foram aplicadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto aos proprietários das casas de farinha. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que apenas uma casa de farinha possui licença ambiental. Os principais impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais foram: poluição atmosférica, geração de manipueira, uso da lenha como matriz energética, falta de higiene, insalubridade, exposição a riscos físicos, geração de resíduos sólidos, longa jornada de trabalho, baixa remuneração e escolaridade dos trabalhadores. A falta de políticas públicas foi destacada pelos entrevistados como principal motivo para o entrave do desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva da mandioca e seus derivados.
Florísitica, fitossociologia e caracterização sucessional em um remanescente de Caatinga em Sergipe
Authors: Silva Ana Cecília da Cruz , Prata Ana Paula do Nascimento , Mello Anabel Aparecida de
Published: May 2018

Objetivou-se determinar a composição florística e caracterizar a estrutura e o estágio sucessional da vegetação lenhosa em uma área de Caatinga em Sergipe. Para o levantamento florístico e fitossociológico foi selecionada uma área de 251 ha e foram demarcadas 30 parcelas de 20×20 m, dentro das quais as espécies arbustivas e arbóreas com CAP maior que 6 cm foram coletadas e tiveram alturas e circunferências medidas. Foram amostrados 1.854 indivíduos, pertencentes a 31 espécies e 17 famílias. As espécies com maiores valores fitossociológicos foram Poincianella pyramidalis, Commiphora leptophloeos, Jatropha mollissima, Aspidosperma pyrifolium e Bauhinia cheilantha, sendo que a primeira predominou em todos os parâmetros. O índice de diversidade (H' = 1,72) está entre os índices mais baixos comparados a outros estudos em vegetação de Caatinga. O maior número de indivíduos concentrou-se nas três classes de diâmetros inferiores (94,8%) e no estrato médio, com altura entre 3,27 e 5,95 m (68,9%). As secundárias iniciais predominaram em maior número de espécies, contudo as pioneiras prevaleceram nas espécies com maior valor de importância e em número de indivíduos. A área de estudo ainda está muito degradada, sendo que o tempo de conservação não foi suficiente para que os indivíduos alcancem seu porte adequado.
Comparative analysis of vocalizations of guans (Galliformes, Cracidae, Penelope) from Brazil (South America)
Authors: Costa Dimitri de Araujo , Christoffersen Martin Lindsey
Published: May 2018

The genus Hesione includes many nominal species throughout the world, of which the first described was the species Hesione splendida, from the Red Sea. Subsequently, during the last eighty years, some polychaetes researchers have been proposed many synonyms for this taxon. We revised all synonyms of H. splendida based on type material, Brazilian specimens and original descriptions. We confirmed the synonyms established for researchers and we are proposing that the species H. ehlersi syn. n. and H. steenstrupii syn. n. are synonyms of H. splendida. We are also providing the current global distribution for this hesionid polychaete. H. splendida groups several nominal species that exhibit few morphological and color polymorphisms. The main diagnostic characters are the color of dorsum (transversal narrow ivory colored lines, and median circular white-yellowish patches); absence of palps; two papilliform lateral antennae; and a tubercle on the middle-posterior region of proboscis. The species H. splendida inhabits hard and soft bottoms, in intertidal and infralittoral zones, in Africa, America, Asia and Europe.
Integration and Harmonization Strategy in Multicultural Society at Palu City
Authors: Anriani Haslinda B.
Published: May 2018

This research reveals the strategy of the people in Palu City in realizing the integration and harmonization among those with diverse cultural backgrounds. This research has an important position considering the conflict that had taken place in Palu City. Therefore, qualitative research was conducted via in-depth interviews in Palu City community, selecting the main informants from the two major ethnic groups, namely Kaili ethnic as indigenous ethnic and Buginese ethnic as ethnic migrants. The informants asked several questions about the social interaction between the local ethnic and the ethnic migrants and their socio economic and political lives. This interview technique was supported by observation and literature studies related to this research problem. The data was then analyzed descriptively qualitative. The result of the research shows: (1) Palu City community is open to multiculturalism, (2) integration strategy is done in the form of joint activities at Rukun Tetangga (RT, neighbourhood, is the lowest administrative division of Indonesia under Rukun Warga/RW)/Rukun Warga (RW, hamlet) level such as Cleaning Saturday, Sport and Art Contest in RT/RW level, RT/RW gathering, (3) the government cooperates with society to realize social harmony in Palu City.
Democratic Model for Village Economic Resource Management in Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul
Authors: Indroyono Puthut , Suyatna Hempri , Santosa Awan , Wibowo Istianto Ari , Firdaus Rindu Sanubari Mashita
Published: May 2018

This article seeks to describe the results of the research with the topic of developing a model of governance of natural resources at the level of the rural communities involving community participation, both in terms of production, distribution aspects, and aspects of the control of the factors of production. By taking the case of the village Nglanggeran, it sought to create a model of governance “alternative” in the failure of the model of “state” and “market” in protecting people’s socio-economic interests of the community from systemic poverty and the threat of sustainable ecological environment. The experience of developing governance of a natural democracy in this village is expected to illustrate the potential, problems and alternatives completion faced by communities in improving the welfare in a fair and equitable manner.
Adherence and economic impact of paliperidone palmitate versus oral atypical antipsychotics in a Medicare population
Authors: Joshi Kruti , Muser Erik , Xu Yihua , Schwab Phil , Datar Manasi , Suehs Brandon
Published: May 2018

Aim:
To compare adherence, healthcare utilization and costs among real world, Medicare-eligible patients with schizophrenia using long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate (PP) versus oral atypical antipsychotics.
Patients & methods:
Historical cohort study used Medicare Advantage claims data. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to adjust for baseline differences. 12-month adherence, healthcare utilization and costs were compared.
Results:
Patients using PP were more adherent (proportion of days covered ≥0.8; 48.1 vs 32.6%; p < 0.001), had lower odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68–0.96) and lower medical costs ($11,095; 95% CI: $10,374–11,867 vs $15,551; 95% CI: $14,584–16,583), but higher pharmacy costs ($14,787; 95% CI: $14,117–15,488 vs $5781; 95% CI: $5530–6043).
Conclusion:
Compared with patients using oral atypical antipsychotics, PP had lower hospitalizations and medical costs with greater medication adherence accompanied by higher pharmacy costs.
Aplikasi Biochar dan Kompos Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Lelu Petrus Kaliang , Situmeang Yohanes Parlindungan , Suarta Made
Published: May 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of biochar dosage and compost fertilizer and its interaction on the growth and yield of corn crops. This experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the dose of biochar (B) consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0 ton ha-1 (B0), 5 ton ha-1 (B1), 10 ton ha-1 (B2), 15 ton ha-1 (B3). The second factor is the dosage of compost fertilizer (K) consisting of 2 levels: 0 ton ha-1 (K0), and 20 ton ha-1 (K1). The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of biochar dose and compost fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed variables. Biochar and compost treatment have significant effect to most observed variables, except on leaf area and harvest index have no significant effect. Treatment of biochar with a dose of 10 ton ha-1 gave the highest dry kiln seedlings weight of 7.83 tons increased by 35.60% compared to the lowest dose without biochar of 5.77 tons. Treatment of compost doses of 20 ton ha-1 gave the highest dry seed oven per hectare weight of 7.42 tons increased by 16.60% when compared with the lowest yield on treatment without compost dose as much as 6.37 tons.
Pengaruh Umur Pemotongan Terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Nutrisi Tanaman Indigofera (Indigofera Sp)
Authors: Setiyaningrum Erlis , Kaca I Nyoman , Suwitari Ni Ketut Etty
Published: May 2018

This study was held at BPTU-HPT Denpasar which located in Pangyangan Village, Pekutatan Sub-district, Jembrana Regency conducted from January 18, 2017 - April 18, 2017. Analysis of nutritional content was performed at the Laboratory of the Agriculture Faculty of Warmadewa University and the Udayana University Faculty of Animal Husbandry Laboratory. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of cutting age on production and quality of nutrition Indigofera sp.The Method of this study did use on Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of 3 groups and 4 treatment of cutting age. The treatments in this study were P1 (45 days of Cutting Age), P2 (60 days of cutting age), P3 (75 days of cutting age), and P4 (90 days of cutting age). The results showed that the effect of different cutting age gave a most real effect (P
Las fíbulas del Castro de Las Cogotas (Cardeñosa, Ávila)
Authors: Camacho Rodríguez Pablo
Published: May 2018

Se analiza un conjunto de 82 fíbulas procedentes del castro de Las Cogotas (Cardeñosa, Ávila), la mayoría de ellas recuperadas durante las excavaciones de Juan Cabré en los años 30 del s. XX. A partir de su estudio crono-tipológico se determina que la mayoría de ellas pertenecen a los momentos más tardíos de la vida del castro, ca. S. II a.C., a diferencia de las fíbulas de la necrópolis, que se fechan generalmente en un momento anterior.
El cuerpo y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: los imaginarios sociales del cuerpo de los profesionales de la salud
Authors: Labora González Juan Jose
Published: May 2018

Se exponen los resultados de una investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas en profundidad sobre la percepción del cuerpo que tienen los/las profesionales del Trabajo Social y de la Psicología de las cuatro provincias de la comunidad autónoma de Galicia, que hayan trabajado tanto en el sector público como privado, como elemento que puede influir en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Las entrevistas han sido realizadas a lo largo de los dos últimos años. Esta percepción ha sido analizada como un elemento que influye en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Esta investigación llega a tres conclusiones principales: Primera, el cuerpo es considerado por los profesionales como un instrumento para detener el tiempo cuando surgen problemas con la identidad personal, en especial cuando la paciente es una mujer.  Segundo, los/las profesionales perciben cuerpo de sus pacientes como una responsabilidad en abierto conflicto con las percepciones sociales vistas como algo irrealizable, ideales y sometidas a parámetros inalcanzables. Finalmente, la percepción del cuerpo se orienta por imaginarios sociales  en los cuales la moral (tabú y pecado) y lo biológico son claramente predominantes.
The complexity of non-sense making: a proposal of complex medical sociology of mental disorders.
Authors: Cubeiro Manuel torres
Published: May 2018

The article describes social complexity of the biographical accounts of those connected with a mental disorder diagnosis in Galicia, a Northwest Spanish Autonomous Community. 147 biographies associated with Mental Disorders diagnosis (MD) have been collected and gathered in three groups differently linked to these conditions. Our first group has lived with a diagnosis of MD for at least 10 years (65 interviews and data from 300 people). Our second cluster of people shares their lives with those with a MD diagnosis mainly with a family relative bound (19 interviews and data from 300 families). Our third group, gathers Galician mental health medical professionals from three mental health units and other mental health facilities which medically and administratively manage people with a MD diagnosis and their relatives (63 biographies). Using data from these biographies, we have constructed three interconnected biographical profiles early published (Torres Cubeiro 2009b) using a social systems theory approach based in Niklas Luhmann sociology.
Carboxymethyl Cellulose Photocracking by Magnetic Recoverable Photocatalyst to Produce Biofuel in Ambient Condition
Authors: Ramanda Yudha , Thomas Kevin , Aziz Saifuddin , Mauludi Kurniawan , Kunarti Eko Sri
Published: May 2018

Synthesis of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposite and its application as photocatalyst in Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) photocracking had been conducted. Magnetite preparation was carried out by sono-coprecipitation method. The deposition of SiO2 and TiO2 were performed by sol-gel method under ultrasonic irradiation. All material products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometry (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The final material product was also analysed by specular reflectance UV-Visible (SR-UV-Vis). The product of photocracking was analysed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The XRD diffractogram and FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of Fe3O4, SiO2, and anatase phase of TiO2. The TEM image revealed the presence of nanocomposite with core-shell structure. The SR-UV-Vis spectrum was used to determine band gap energy of the photocatalyst and it gave a result of 3.22 eV. The GC chromatogram of photocracking product indicated some major fractions. The MS spectra showed that some major fractions were smaller molecules including methanol, the component of biofuel.
Descripción del Video-feedback como intervención para la Promoción del Cuidado y la Disciplina Sensible VIPP-SD
Authors: Salazar Jiménez Juan Gabriel , Barone Lavinia
Published: May 2018

ResumenLa presente descripción analiza el proceso de video grabaciones y retroalimentación para cuidadores que ayudan a mejorar la sensibilidad de los padres, frente a las señales de los hijos, denominada Video Interventions to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) (Juffer et. al 1998). Se revisan metodológicamente trabajos anteriores que han evaluado la efectividad de la intervención en diferentes poblaciones y contextos. Se concluye que el mejoramiento de las prácticas que combinan la investigación y la clínica, en apoyo a la familia, ha sido efectiva a través de acciones específicas mediante el desarrollo de habilidades en regulación emocional y habilidades de interacción social.Palabras clave: video-feedback, sensibilidad materna, crianza, infancia. AbstractThe present description is a reflection derived of the research, this analyzes the process of video recordings and feedback for caregivers what helps to improve the sensitivity of the parents, in front of the signals of the children, denominated VIPP-SD by its acronym in English (Video interventions to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline. Previews works that have considered the effectivity of this intervention in different populations and contexts are reviewed methodologically. It concludes that the contribution of the improvement of the practices that combine research and clinical support to the family has been effective through specific actions, in the relation to the child care, through the development of skills in emotional regulation and social interaction.Keywords: video-feedback, maternal sensitivity, parenting, childhood ResumoA presente descrição é uma reflexão derivada da pesquisa, este processo de gravações de vídeo e feedback para cuidadores o que ajuda a melhorar a sensibilidade dos pais, diante dos sinais das crianças, denominado VIPP-SD por sua sigla em inglês (Video interventions to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline). Estudos anteriores que avaliaram a eficácia da intervenção em diferentes populações e contextos são revisados metodologicamente. e o apoio clínico à família tem sido eficaz através de ações específicas, na relação com a assistência à infância, através do desenvolvimento de habilidades em regulação emocional e interação social.Keywords: video-feedback, maternal sensitivity, parenting
Intelligent control algorithm for ship dynamic positioning
Authors: Meng Wang , Sheng Li Hong , Qing Miao , Rong Bian Guang
Published: May 2018

Ship motion in the sea is a complex nonlinear kinematics. The hydrodynamic coefficients of ship model are very difficult to accurately determine. Establishing accurate mathematical model of ship motion is difficult because of changing random factors in the marine environment. Aiming at seeking a method of control to realize ship positioning, intelligent control algorithms are adopt utilizing operator's experience. Fuzzy controller and the neural network controller are respectively designed. Through simulations and experiments, intelligent control algorithm can deal with the complex nonlinear motion, and has good robustness. The ship dynamic positioning system with neural network control has high positioning accuracy and performance.
Adaptive sliding mode formation control of multiple underwater robots
Authors: Das Bikramaditya , Subudhi Bidyadhar , Bhusan Pati Bibhuti
Published: May 2018

This paper proposes a new adaptive sliding mode control scheme for achieving coordinated motion control of a group of autonomous underwater vehicles with variable added mass. The control law considers the communication constraints in the acoustic medium. A common reference frame for velocity is assigned to a virtual leader dynamically. The performances of the proposed adaptive SMC were compared with that of a passivity based controller. To save the time and traveling distance for reaching the FRP by the follower AUVs, a sliding mode controller is proposed in this paper that drives the state trajectory of the AUV into a switching surface in the state space. It is observed from the obtained results that the proposed SMC provides improved performance in terms of accurately tracking the desired trajectory within less time compared to the passivity based controller. A communication consensus is designed ensuring the transfer of information among the AUVs so that they move collectively as a group. The stability of the overall closed-loop systems are analysed using Lyapunov theory and simulation results confirmed the robustness and efficiency of proposed controller.
The Influence of Macrostructure of Nickelbased Superalloys IN713C and MAR 247 on the Characteristics of High-temperature Creep
Authors: Cieśla M. , Binczyk F. , Mańka M. , Findziński R.
Published: May 2018

The study consisted in assessing the influence of surface and volume modification on the characteristics of high-temperature creep of castings made of waste products of nickel-based superalloys IN 713C and the MAR-247. The results of high-temperature creep tests performed under conditions of two variants of research were analysed. The characteristics of creep according to variant I were obtained on the basis of earlier studies of these alloys with the parameters T=982°C, σ=150MPa [1]. Variant II included carrying out creep tests of alloy IN713C with the parameters T=760°C, σ =400MPa and alloy MAR247 with the parameters: T=982°C, σ=200MPa.Developed creep characteristics were compared with the results of these alloys with the parameters according to variant I of the study. It was observed that the conditions of experiments carried out depending upon the value of the creep test temperature and stress with the creep stability depends on the size of the macrograin (I variant of the studies) or such influence was not observed (II variant of the studies). Stability of samples with coarse structure in variant I of creep tests was significantly higher than the samples with fragmented grain. It was found that the observed stability conditions are dependent on the dominant deformation mechanisms under creep tests carried out - diffusion mechanism in variant I and a dislocation mechanism in variant II of the study. The conditions for the formation and growth of the cracks in the tested materials, including the morphological characteristics of their macro-and microstructure were tested
Negotiation of Legitimacy of Witch-Finders in Lusaka
Authors: Mildnerová Kateřina
Published: May 2018

The article aims at legal and illegal activities of Lusaka´s traditional healers within the system of traditional medicine which is primarily anchored in the constitution of traditional healers´ associations. It primarily focuses on witch-finders, whose social status, professional position and authority is constantly negotiated within the formal and informal sector of traditional medicine. Since the late 1990s, the quest for services of traditional healers specialised in witch-finding has gained popularity, particularly amongst the impoverished Lusaka compound-dwellers. Due to the increasing public violence against those denoted as witches, the activities of witch-finders were officially banned by the Witchcraft Act in 1995 and this profession is not officially recognised by the Constitution of Traditional Health Practitioners Association of Zambia (THAPAZ). In spite of the prohibition, there remain many witch-finders in Lusaka who practise witch-finding secretly, in order not to commit an offence they do not openly denounce the name of an alleged witch. Their authority and credibility is threatened by many “official” as well as “unofficial” competitors in the city and it must be constantly reaffirmed and negotiated by introducing innovations. The ability to keep clients and to gain a good reputation thus depends on the originality of their diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. At the same time witch-finders must counter diverse obstacles and uncertainties resulting from their illegal status within the sector of traditional medicine. The author analyses tactics that Lusaka´s witch-finders have developed and employed to negotiate their social status, credibility and authority visà-vis the competition from the “official” traditional healers.