bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy Reforms and SME Performances: A Comparison of Two Major EMEs
Authors: Chowdhury Sayani Roy , Chowdhury Sahana Roy
Published: November 2016

This paper makes a comparative analysis of the major reforms and measures taken by China via-a-vis India to shape their SME sector performances. Since SME sectors are mostly labour intensive labour reforms are absolutely essential. This would in turn, facilitate FDI (foreign direct investment) inflows and ease the credit and finance problems faced by the SMEs. India with its lop-sided distribution of firm-size faces the challenge of “missing middle”. SMEs are finding it suboptimal to grow because of the archaic labour laws in India, that constrain hiring and firing policies related to firm’s downsizing decisions. One observation regarding Chinese reform is that their reform agenda was much ahead of time, holistic and gradual, unlike India’s reform measures, which are piecemeal and non-uniform across time, and hence was partially effective in facilitating stable growth in the SME sector across time. However, recent initiatives are quite ambitious, if the steps get translated into reality the SME sector’s growth might reach its potential.
Crimsonite, PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2, the phosphate analogue of carminite from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Nevada, USA
Authors: Kampf A. R. , Adams P. M. , Mills S. J. , Nash B. P.
Published: November 2016

Crimsonite (IMA2014-095), PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2, the phosphate analogue of carminite, is a new mineral from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Iron Point district, Humboldt County, Nevada, USA, where it occurs as a low-temperature secondary mineral in association with fluorwavellite, goethite, hematite, hentschelite, plumbogummite and variscite on quartz. Crimsonite occurs in subparallel aggregates of deep red blades or plates flattened on {100} and up to 0.1 mm in maximum dimension. The streak is light purplish orange. Crystals are transparent and have adamantine lustre. The Mohs hardness is ∼3½, the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular to splintery and an imperfect cleavage is likely on {101}. The calculated density is 5.180 g/cm3. Crimsonite is optically biaxial (+), with 2V = 85.5(5)° and γ – α = 0.011. Using the Gladstone-Dale relationship, the calculated indices of refraction are α = 2.021, β = 2.026 and γ = 2.032. The optical orientation isX=b;Y=a;Z=cand the pleochroism isXlight orange,Ylight yellow,Zred brown;Y<X< Z. Electron microprobe analyses provided PbO 40.69, CaO 0.60, ZnO 0.72, CuO 0.13, Fe2O323.36, Al2O30.34, V2O50.70, As2O512.05, P2O516.03, SO30.33 and H2O 3.64 (structure), total 98.59 wt.%. The empirical formula (based on 10 O apfu) is (Pb1.06Ca0.06)∑1.12(Fe1.71Zn0.05Al0.04Cu0.01)∑1.81(P1.32As0.61V0.05S0.02)∑2.00O8[(OH)1.64(H2O)0.36]∑2.00. Crimsonite is orthorhombic,Cccm,a= 16.2535(13),b= 7.4724(4),c= 12.1533(9) Å,V= 1476.04(17) Å3and Z = 8. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobsin Å(I)(hkl)]: 5.86(42)(111); 4.53(45)(112); 3.485(64)(113); 3.190(100) (022); 3.026(40)(004); 2.902(54)(511); 2.502(77)(422) and 2.268(54)(224). The structure of crimsonite (R1= 3.57% for 740Fo> 4σF) contains FeO6octahedra that share edges to form dimers, which are then linked to other dimers by corner sharing to form chains along [010]. These chains are linked by PO4tetrahedra yielding sheets parallel to {001}. The sheets are linked to one another via bonds to 8-coordinated Pb2+atoms with non-stereoactive 6s2lone-electron pairs.
The relative stabilities of A- and B-type carbonate substitution in apatites synthesized in aqueous solution
Authors: Yoder C. H. , Landes N. T. , Tran L. K. , Smith A. K. , Pasteris J. D.
Published: November 2016

Carbonated calcium apatites doped with a monovalent cation (Li+, Na+, or K+) or a divalent cation (Mg2+ or Zn2+) were prepared in aqueous solution and analysed by powder X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The hypothesis that the location of carbonate in the apatite structure, either in place of hydroxide ions in the c-axis channels (A-type substitution) or in place of phosphate (B-type substitution), is affected by the solution energetics of the cation (specifically its enthalpy of hydration) was strengthened by the observation of larger amounts of Atype carbonate in apatites containing the monovalent cations in aqueous solution. It is shown that cations with low negative enthalpies of hydration favour A-type substitution, whereas cations with higher negative hydration enthalpies, such as divalent cations (Mg2+, Zn2+), favour B-type substitution.
Targeted deep sequencing in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Lasho Terra L. , Finke Christy M. , Elala Yoseph , Hanson Curtis A. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Gangat Naseema , Pardanani Animesh
Published: November 2016

Key Points

More than 80% of patients with PMF harbor DNA variants/mutations other than JAK2/CALR/MPL. Some of these variants/mutations adversely affect overall or leukemia-free survival independent of conventional risk stratification.
YY1 controls Eμ-3′RR DNA loop formation and immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination
Authors: Mehra Parul , Gerasimova Tatiana , Basu Arindam , Jha Vibha , Banerjee Anupam , Sindhava Vishal , Gray Falon , Berry Corbett T. , Sen Ranjan , Atchison Michael L.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Transcription factor YY1 regulates the IgH Eμ-3′RR long-distance DNA loop without the YY1 transcriptional activation domain. YY1 constructs that rescue the Eμ-3′RR DNA loop also restore CSR strongly arguing for the necessity of this long-distance DNA loop for CSR.
SORL1 gene, plasma biomarkers, and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease for the Han Chinese population in Taiwan
Authors: Chou Cheng-Ta , Liao Yi-Chu , Lee Wei-Ju , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Fuh Jong-Ling
Published: November 2016

Background

The sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) gene, regulating the trafficking and recycling of amyloid precursor protein, has been related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between SORL1 polymorphisms, plasma concentrations of amyloid-beta (Aβ) isoforms, and AD and MCI susceptibility for a Han Chinese population in Taiwan.

Methods

Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SORL1 and the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 alleles were genotyped in 798 patients with AD, 157 patients with MCI, and 401 control subjects. Plasma concentrations of Aβ42, Aβ40, and neuropsychiatric tests for six different cognitive domains were examined.

Results

Among the eight tested SNPs, SORL1 rs1784933 was most significantly associated with AD and MCI in our population. The G allele of rs1784933 exerted a protective effect and was associated with a reduced risk of AD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, p = 0.004) and MCI (OR = 0.69, p = 0.013). The significance remained after we adjusted for age, sex, and APOE ε4 alleles. For the overall participants, the plasma concentrations of Aβ42 were nominally significant for subjects carrying the rs1784933 G allele having a lower level than those without the G allele (p = 0.046). There was a similar trend for the G allele carriers to have a lower plasma Aβ40 level than noncarriers, but this was not significant. The nonsynonymous SNP rs2298813 was also related to a lower disease risk when AD and MCI were combined as a group (OR = 0.76, p = 0.035). However, there was no association between SORL1 genotypes and any of the six cognitive tests.

Conclusions

Findings from our study provide support for the effect of SORL1 gene on the disease risks and pathognomonic surrogates of AD/MCI. The interaction between SORL1 polymorphisms and Aβ formation requires further study.
Role of chemokine receptors and intestinal epithelial cells in the mucosal inflammation and tolerance
Authors: Kulkarni Neeraja , Pathak Manisha , Lal Girdhari
Published: November 2016

The intestinal epithelial lining is a very dynamic interface, where multiple interactions occur with the external world. The intestinal epithelial barrier is continuously exposed to a huge load of commensal microorganisms, food-borne antigens, as well as invading enteropathogens. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and underlying immune cells are the main players in maintaining the delicate balance between gut tolerance and inflammation. IECs deferentially express the variety of chemokines and chemokine receptors, and these receptor-ligand interactions not only mediate the infiltration and activation of immune cells but also switch on the survival cascades in IECs. In this review, we discussed how chemokine–chemokine receptor-induced interactions play a central role to coordinate the interplay between IECs and gut immune cells to maintain homeostasis or elicit gut inflammation. Furthermore, we discussed how chemokines and chemokine receptors were used as a target for developing new drugs and therapies to control gut inflammation and autoimmunity.
Mises and Montaigne: A Reply to Bagus Et Al.
Authors: Kuscevic Casto Martín Montero , del Río Rivera Marco Antonio
Published: November 2016

This article affirms that Mises misread Montaigne and perpetrated a sort of injustice in associating his name with the proposition that the gain of some is caused by the loss of others.
Design of chemical space networks incorporating compound distance relationships
Authors: de la Vega de León Antonio , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: November 2016

Networks, in which nodes represent compounds and edges pairwise similarity relationships, are used as coordinate-free representations of chemical space. So-called chemical space networks (CSNs) provide intuitive access to structural relationships within compound data sets and can be annotated with activity information. However, in such similarity-based networks, distances between compounds are typically determined for layout purposes and clarity and have no chemical meaning. By contrast, inter-compound distances as a measure of dissimilarity can be directly obtained from coordinate-based representations of chemical space. Herein, we introduce a CSN variant that incorporates compound distance relationships and thus further increases the information content of compound networks. The design was facilitated by adapting the Kamada-Kawai algorithm. Kamada-Kawai networks are the first CSNs that are based on numerical similarity measures, but do not depend on chosen similarity threshold values.
Approaches to R education in Canadian universities
Authors: Carson Michael A. , Basiliko Nathan
Published: November 2016

Introduction:R language is a powerful tool used in a wide array of research disciplines and owes a large amount of its success to its open source and adaptable nature. The popularity of R has grown rapidly over the past two decades and the number of users and packages is increasing at a near exponential rate. This rapid growth has prompted a number of formal and informal online and text resources, the volume of which is beginning to present challenges to novices learning R. Students are often first exposed to R in upper division undergraduate classes or during their graduate studies. The way R is presented likely has consequences for the fundamental understanding of the program and language itself; user comprehension of R may be better if learning the language itself followed by conducting analyses, compared to someone who is learning another subject (e.g. statistics) using R for the first time. Consequently, an understanding of the approaches to R education is critical.Methods:To establish how students are exposed to R, we used a survey to evaluate the current use in Canadian university courses, including the context in which R is presented and the types of uses of R in the classroom. Additionally, we looked at the reasons professors either do or don’t use/teach R.Results:We found that R is used in a broad range of course disciplines beyond statistics (e.g. ecology) and just over one half of Canadian universities have at least one course that uses R.Discussion and Conclusions:Developing programming-literate students is of utmost importance and our hope is that this benchmark study will influence how post-secondary educators, as well as other programmers, approach R, specifically when developing educational and supplemental content in online, text, and package-specific formats aiding in student’s comprehension of the R language.
Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons
Authors: Riquelme Meritxell , Martínez-Núñez Leonora
Published: November 2016

Filamentous fungi have proven to be a better-suited model system than unicellular yeasts in analyses of cellular processes such as polarized growth, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton-based organelle traffic. For example, the filamentous fungusNeurospora crassadevelops a variety of cellular forms. Studying the molecular basis of these forms has led to a better, yet incipient, understanding of polarized growth. Polarity factors as well as Rho GTPases, septins, and a localized delivery of vesicles are the central elements described so far that participate in the shift from isotropic to polarized growth. The growth of the cell wall by apical biosynthesis and remodeling of polysaccharide components is a key process in hyphal morphogenesis. The coordinated action of motor proteins and Rab GTPases mediates the vesicular journey along the hyphae toward the apex, where the exocyst mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic microtubules and actin microfilaments serve as tracks for the transport of vesicular carriers as well as organelles in the tubular cell, contributing to polarization. In addition to exocytosis, endocytosis is required to set and maintain the apical polarity of the cell. Here, we summarize some of the most recent breakthroughs in hyphal morphogenesis and apical growth inN. crassaand the emerging questions that we believe should be addressed.
New occurrences of aphyllophoroid fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) in the Central Forest State Biosphere Nature Reserve, Tver Region, Russia
Authors: Viner Ilya A. , Schigel Dmitry S. , Kotiranta Heikki
Published: November 2016

New data on non-agaricoid wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes collected from dead wood in the Central Forest Nature Reserve are provided. In total, 228 species were recorded during short-term visits in 2009–2015, of which 37 are reported as new to the reserve. An annotated species list is presented including details of associated substrata and, when available, personal fungarium specimen numbers. The paper increases the total number of species reported for the reserve and provides notes on specimens belonging to the genus Phlebiella, which is probably an undescribed species. Records of some rare, or rarely collected species, such as Antrodiella foliaceodentata, Basidiodendron radians, Phlebiella fibrillosa and Tulasnella eichleriana are discussed.
The lichens of forest rocky communities of the hill Muroigora (Arkhangelsk Region, Northwest Russia)
Authors: Tarasova Viktoria N. , Sonina Angella V. , Androsova Vera I. , Stepanchikova Irina S.
Published: November 2016

The present study reports 188 species and 2 subspecies of lichens and allied fungi from forest rocky communities of the hill Muroigora situated in the Arkhangelsk part of the National park “Vodlozersky” (Arkhangelsk Region, NW Russia). Lepraria ecorticata is new to Russia, and 13 more species are new for the mainland area of the Arkhangelsk Region: Arthonia mediella, Arthonia vinosa, Bacidia igniarii, Bryoria vrangiana, Chaenothecopsis pusiola, Cladonia caespiticia, Lecidea plana, Lepraria borealis, Micarea misella, Pertusaria pustulata, Schaereria cinereorufa, Xanthoparmelia pulla and Xylographa trunciseda. Two lichen species, Bryoria fremontii and Lobaria pulmonaria, are in the Red Data Books of the Arkhangelsk Region and Russian Federation. A total of 89 species are reported as new for the Vodlozersky National Park.
RETOS Y LOGROS PARA LA COMUNIDAD DE MATEMÁTICA EDUCATIVA …
Authors: Cantoral Uriza Ricardo Arnoldo
Published: November 2016

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Impact of immediate vs delayed feedback in a midwifery teaching activity with a simulated patient
Authors: de Labrusse Claire , Ammann-Fiechter Silvia , Eugenie Kalathakis , Burn Carine Layat
Published: November 2016

Background:

Literature on evidence-based midwifery demonstrates a lack of simulation in antenatal consultation.

Aims:

This study aims to explore whether immediate individual feedback (IIFB) is more effective than delayed group feedback (DGFB) following a teaching activity for midwifery students, and evaluate students' satisfaction.

Methods:

A teaching activity with simulated patients was developed to improve midwifery students' competence in conducting a holistic antenatal session. Clinical and communication skills were evaluated using a validated grid adapted from the Calgary-Cambridge Referenced Observation Guide on communication. Students (n = 51) were randomly separated into two groups, IIFB or DGFB.

Findings:

Non-parametric tests showed that students who received IIFB significantly improved their competence in conducting history-taking in comparison to the students who received DGFB (P = 0.034), including higher satisfaction (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Competence in leading holistic antenatal care sessions is essential for midwives. Students' clinical and communication skills, as well as satisfaction, improve with opportunities to work with simulated patients. Students who received IIFB showed a greater improvement of clinical skills and reported higher satisfaction with the timing of feedback than those who had DGFB.
Transcultural psychiatry, ethnic minorities and marginalization
Authors: Farrington Andy
Published: November 2016

Psychiatry in the West has developed as a highly ethnocentric discipline, which has successfully marginalized some cultural and racial groups. This article examines the problems facing ethnic minorities within a Western mental health care system.
Postoperative pain in the elective surgical patient
Authors: Dale Fiona
Published: November 2016

Postoperative pain in the elective surgical patient needs effective management to maximize comfort. This article describes ways to ensure that pain is given priority in patient care by acknowledging that it is subjective and differs between individuals.
APL: some international perspectives
Authors: Nyatanga Lovemore
Published: November 2016

The Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (CAEL) is a non-profit-making international organization that is highly committed to two areas of education: adult learning and prior learning assessment (PLA). CAEL owes its existence to the vision and leadership of Morris T Keeton, who delivered CAEL to the rest of the world in 1974.
Suicidal behaviour
Authors: McLaughlin Columba
Published: November 2016

This article challenges the traditional viewpoint of attempted suicide as a generic term. It argues that greater use could be made, by both medical and nursing staff, of the terms parasuicide and attempted suicide, and that therapeutic intervention could be improved if both terms are considered when making a diagnosis.
History and evolution of stomas
Authors: Black Patricia K
Published: November 2016

This article, describes the evolution of stoma formation from earliest times to current innovative procedures. Surgeons are continually trying to develop new procedures so that they can offer less socially incapacitating alternatives to the abominable stoma.
Physiology of pain
Authors: Jacques Angela
Published: November 2016

In order to fully understand pain control, professionals need not only to be aware of the effect that pain can have on the individual and the therapies that are available to help them but also to have some insight into pain mechanisms. This article describes pain impulse transmission and the inhibitory processes which are present.
Common errors associated with capillary blood glucose monitoring
Authors: Jones Heather
Published: November 2016

Urinary glucose level has long been known to be a poor reflection of blood glucose level and diabetic glycaemic control (Ohlsen et al, 1980). Finger-prick blood glucose monitoring now plays a major role in both medical and nursing management of people with diabetes within the hospital, general practice and community settings. However, unless performed correctly, finger-prick blood glucose results can be as unreliable as urinary glucose results.
Would your judgment stand up to scrutiny?
Authors: Ainsworth Jane , Wilson Patricia
Published: November 2016

This article examines the process of decision making in nurses' professional practice. It outlines different aids that may be used to assist nurses in making decisions that influence patient care. It also asks nurses to consider whether their decision-making processes are sound, scientific and open to external examination.
Health issues and the Greek Cypriot woman
Authors: Papadopoulos Irena
Published: November 2016

This article aims to help health care workers begin to understand the Greek Cypriot woman, her needs, problems and strengths. It will try to explore briefly how Greek Cypriot women perceive health and illness and will discuss factors that influence these perceptions. It will also examine some of the major health problems that Greek Cypriot women face. The article uses material from the author's on-going research into the health needs of the Greek Cypriot community living in North London.
Non-verbal communication with patients
Authors: Davies Patrick
Published: November 2016

This article attempts to show how non-verbal communication affects the behaviour between nurse and patient, and so influences the care given.
Nurses' role in family health services authorities
Authors: Martin Constance
Published: November 2016

Changes in the philosophy and provision of community care which were created by implementation of the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1992 have had far-reaching effects. This article addresses the implications of these changes for nursing in general practice and the role of the family health services authority in the community.
Knowledge work intensification and self-management: the autonomy paradox
Authors: Oscar Pérez-Zapata  , Amparo Serrano Pascual  , Gloria Álvarez-Hernández  , Cecilia Castaño Collado
Published: November 2016

In the analysis of the sustainability of knowledge work environments, the intensification of work has emerged as probably the single most important contradiction. We argue that the process of knowledge work intensification is increasingly self-driven and influenced by subjectification processes in the context of trends of individualisation and self-management. We use a qualitative case study of a leading multinational company in the information and communications technology sector (considered to be ‘best-in-class’) to discuss this intensification and its linkage with self-disciplining mechanisms. The workers studied seem to enjoy a number of resources that current psychosocial risk models identify as health promoting (e.g. autonomy, learning, career development and other material and symbolic rewards). We discuss the validity of these models to assess the increasingly boundaryless and self-managed knowledge work contexts characterised by internalisation of demands and resources and paradoxical feelings of autonomy. Knowledge work intensification increases health and social vulnerabilities directly and through two-way interactions with, first, the autonomy paradox and new modes of subjection at the workplace; second, atomisation and lack of social support; third, permanent accountability and insecurity; and finally, newer difficulties in setting boundaries.
Invisible, solidary, unbranded and passionate: everyday life as a freelance and precarious worker in four Italian radio stations
Authors: Tiziano Bonini  , Alessandro Gandini
Published: November 2016

This article presents an investigation into the everyday lives of freelance radio producers in the Italian radio industry from a perspective that applies the sociology of work to the study of media production. The study adopted an ethnographic approach to explore working conditions and experiences of insecurity, uncertainty, socialising, networking and isolation. The authors identified four features of the radio producers' work, which go well beyond the fact that passion functions as a cover for unfair working conditions. The work of these radio producers is invisible, passionate, unbranded and solidaristic. These features interconnect with the conventional ethos of freelance and precarious workers in the creative industries, where professional identity becomes subsumed by the dominant logic of the industry. If we adopt a Marxist perspective, we could argue that this freelance ‘reserve army’ experiences a specific kind of ‘subsumption’ with roots in the workers' teenage fandom-based milieux and in broader popular culture.
Radio spectrum battles: Television broadcast vs wireless broadband and the future of PSB
Authors: Michalis Maria
Published: November 2016

A principal incentive behind the move to digital television has been the release of radio spectrum in the attractive Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) band, which can be used for other, notably wireless, services. This so-called digital dividend and related spectrum battles have heightened in recent years as evidenced by the negotiations in the World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs). Frequencies are a core input to many industries and thus radio spectrum management has acquired high economic and political significance. Historically in Europe, the terrestrial platform has been critical for the delivery of Public Service Broadcasting (PSB). But increasingly since 2007, digital terrestrial network operators have come under enormous pressure to relinquish frequencies in response to the looming spectrum crunch of the wireless broadband (WBB) sector and the projected phenomenal demand for its services. The article argues that limiting spectrum access for the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) platform should not be synonymous with a corresponding weakening of PSB. The often dry and technical debate on radio spectrum management cannot obscure what is really at stake. The values that PSB stands for need to be adapted to and guaranteed in a likely post-broadcast environment. The political, economic, social and cultural principles of PSB remain valid irrespective of the underlying delivery platform used. The debate on a platform-neutral PSB is currently not as prominent as the debate on the spectrum demands of the WBB industry. At best, the two debates (future of DTT/WBB spectrum and future of PSB) are conducted in silos. Radio spectrum management should not be used as an(other) excuse to weaken PSB. Debate and action based on a digital commons space and communication rights can provide the way forward.
Iron status in breast-fed infants
Authors: Ratnadi I Gusti Ayu Asih , Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih
Published: November 2016

Ninety infants were selected stratified proportionally random sampling and they met the inclusion criteria. Iron status was determined by the serum ferritin level concentration. The nutritional status was determined by the body weight to age based on the standard criteria of WHO NCHS. The quality of food was defined by asking the parents to keep a diary of consumed in the last 7 days minimally for three days. Out of the 90 infants, 50.4 % of them were males and 45.6 % of them were females. Most of them (93.7%) had normal nourished and 8.3 % had undernourished. The prevalence status of low iron was 18.9%. The low iron status began to occur at the age of 4 – 6 months old (6%) and the highest at the age of 9 – 12 months old (65%). Statistically significant differences were found between the iron status and the quality of food supplements over age group. The low quality of food is a risk factor influence the status of low iron. It is suggested that the iron supplements be given to breast-fed infant at the age of 4 – 6 months old.
Correlation between several anthropometric measurements to birth weight
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Azis Noval , Tjipta Guslihan D. , Aldy Dachrul
Published: November 2016

Perinatal mortality remains one of the factors leading to child mortality, even for crude death as a whole. Therefore, good perinatal care is considered to be useful for reducing this mortality. Low birth weight is one of neonatal morbidity cause; previous studies reported correlation between birth weight to several anthropometric measurements andtheir predictive value. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between birth length, head, chest, abdominal, calf and mid arm circumferences as well as to foot length to birth weight. A cross sectional study was conducted in Adam Malik Hospital Medan between November 1st 1998 to January 31st 1999. All babies without clear moulage, caput succedaneum or cephal hematoma were studied. Birth weight was measured by TANITA weighing scale within the first 24 hours after delivery. Birth length by somatometer and head, chest, abdominal, calf and mid arm circumferences as well as foot length were measured 3 times by using plastic measuring tape. It was evident a positive correlation of birth weight to all such anthropometric measurements with the highest correlation coefficient for calf circumference (r : 0.92). Calf circumference of 9,8 cm is predictor of low birth weight.
A cholestatic type of hepatitis A in a child
Authors: Arief Sjamsul , Hernik Retno , Nugrohowidhi Agung , Hidayat Boerhan
Published: November 2016

This paper reports a case of cholestatic type hepatitis A, a rare clinical manifestation of hepatitis A in children. The diagnosis was based on the presence of IgM Anti HAV, symptoms longer than 8 weeks, bilirubin concentration exceeding 10g/dl, and absence of substantial hepatocellular and biliary damage. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in complete recovery.
Left ventricular mass in male adolescent athletes and non-athletes
Authors: Kaunang Erling David , Metusala Jane G. C. , Wahani Audrey M. I.
Published: November 2016

Background Systematic exercise leads to increased left ventricular mass, which may be misleading in a differential diagnosis of heart disease in athletes (physiologic hypertrophy versus pathologic hypertrophy). T he cause of left ventricular hypertrophy is an important risk factor in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.Objective To compare left ventricular mass and left ventricular hypertrophy in male adolescent athletes and non-athletes.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, analytic study, from September to December 2012 in male adolescents aged 15-18 years. The case group included athletes from the Bina Taruna Football Club Manado, while the control group included non-athlete adolescents. All subjects underwent history-taking, physical examinations and further supporting examinations. Left ventricular mass was measured by cardiovascular echocardiography (Esaote Mylab 4.0) and calculated based on a formula. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as left ventricular mass of > 134 g/m2 body surface area.Results Subjects' mean left ventricular masses were 359.69 (SD 188.4; 95%CI 283.58 to 435.81) grams in the athlete group and 173.04 (SD 50.69; 95%CI 152.56 to 103.51) grams in the non· athlete group, a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001). Ventricular hypertrophy was found 76.9% compared to 11.5% in  the non-athlete group (P= 0.0001).Conclusion Left ventricular mass in athletes is bigger than in non-athletes. In addition, left ventricular hypertrophy is more cornmon in male adolescent athletes than in non-athletes.
Prognostic value of nitric oxide in pediatric septic shock
Authors: Runtunuwu Ari L. , Manoppo Jeanette I. Ch. , Daud Dasril , Yusuf Irawan , Ganda Idham Jaya
Published: November 2016

Background Nitric oxide (NO) play a key role in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Nitrit oxide metabolite is reported as a good predictor for shock although its role as mortality predictor in sepsis still controversial.Objective To assess the serum nitric oxide (NO) levels and outcomes in pediatric patients with septic shock.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study from January 2013 to April 2014 in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. Subjects were patients aged 1 month-12 years diagnosed with septic shock. We measured initial serum NO and observed its outcomes in all subjects.Results A total of 37 patients with septic shock met the study criteria. Nineteen children were male (51.4%). Seventeen subjects died and 20 subjects survived. The mean age of subjects with septic shock was 37.3 (SD 14.2) months. The mean serum NO level was significantly higher in the group who died [33.2 μM; 95% CI 23.6 to 42.7] than in the group who survived [13.8 μM; 95%CI 11.6 to 15.9] (P<0.01). The serum NO cut-off point for predicting mortality was 16.15 µM. For NO levels of more than 16.15 µM, the positive predictive value was 72.2% and negative predictive value was 78.9% (OR 9.750; 95%CI 2.154 to 44.138).Conclusion In pediatric patients with septic shock, serum NO levels are significantly higher in those who died than in those who survived. Serum nitric oxide level can be used to predict outcomes of patients with septic shock.
Association of body mass index with atopy and allergic diseases
Authors: Lestary Afnita , Irsa Lily , Sembiring Tiangsa , Evalina Rita , Sinaga Meiviliani
Published: November 2016

Background Prevalence of atopy, allergic diseases, and obesity are increasing. Atopy is an individu and/or familial tendency to sensitization in response to ordinary exposure to allergens. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) greater or equal to 95 percentile. Research on association of BMI with atopy and allergic diseases in children were limited, with inconclusive results. Objective To assess association of BMI with atopy and allergic diseases in chidren.Methods A cross-sectional was conducted in school children aged 6-12 years in Lhokseumawe City, Aceh, June 2012. Children were assessed for BMI, skin prick test, and  International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Fisher exact, and logistic regression.Results Children consisted of 137 (85.6%) normoweight, 12 (7.5%) overweight, and 11 (6.9%) obesity. Skin prick test results were positive in 44 (27.5%) and negative in 116 (72.5%) subjects. Allergic manifestations were allergic rhinitis (AR) 17 (10.6%), bronchial asthma 6 (3.8%), and atopic dermatitis (AD) 3 (1.9%). There was significant association of obesity with atopy, compared with normoweight (OR=3.78; 95%CI 1.08 to 13.19; P=0.037), but no significant association found when family history of atopy also assesed. There was significant association of obesity with bronchial asthma (OR=9.92; 95%CI 1.46 to 67.18; P=0.004) and AR (OR=6.49; 95%CI 1.64 to 25.66; P=0.015), compared with normoweight. Significant association of overweight with atopy and allergic disease was not found.Conclusion Obesity significantly associates with atopy, bronchial asthma, and AR, but overweight and normoweight  do not.
Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor
Authors: Purwanti Yuni , Sutaryo Sutaryo , Mulatsih Sri , Kusuma Pungky Ardani
Published: November 2016

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.
Dating and Digging Stratified Archaeology in Circumpolar North America: A View from Nunalleq, Southwestern Alaska
Authors: Ledger Paul M. , Forbes Véronique , Masson-MacLean Edouard , Knecht Richard A.
Published: November 2016

Through the case study of the Thule-era village site of Nunalleq (GDN-248), this paper presents 14C dating results and perspectives on the issues associated with radiocarbon dating stratified archaeological sites in circumpolar North America. The objective was to investigate relative variation in the 14C age of ecofacts with the aim of establishing a hierarchy of dating suitability for Nunalleq that could more widely inform 14C sample selection on archaeological sites across the North American sub-Arctic and Arctic and Greenland. Owing to the complexities associated with interpreting and establishing the relative chronology of the deeply stratified sod deposits at Nunalleq, we adopted open-area excavation and single-context recording methods. This approach, we suggest, allowed us to eliminate stratigraphic complexity as a source of variation in 14C measurements and to assess the taphonomic issues associated with dating different ecofacts. In total, 16 samples were submitted for dating, comprising two sets of eight different ecofacts, one from each of two stratigraphically contemporary but spatially discrete contexts. In most instances, the 14C ages of ecofacts were statistically indistinguishable between the two contexts and support the relative chronological relationships established by excavation. Only Elymus arenarius (grass) manufactures and Heleomyzidae (fly) puparia produced different ages in the two contexts, variations that suggest that these items are unreliable dating materials. As noted in previous studies, Phoca sp. (seal) and Oncorhynchus sp. (salmon) bone collagen demonstrated a strong marine reservoir effect (c. 700 14C yr.). Picea sp. (wood chips) were marginally older than seeds from edible berries (Rubus chamaemorus and Empetrum nigrum) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) bone collagen, which provided the most consistent ages.
Using RADARSAT to Identify Sea Ice Ridges and their Implications for Shipping in Canada’s Hudson Strait
Authors: Mussells Olivia , Dawson Jackie , Howell Stephen
Published: November 2016

Ridges in sea ice and the convergent forces that form them are a serious hazard to ships traveling in the Arctic, but few studies have examined ridge distribution at a basin level in the Canadian Arctic. The Hudson Strait, which connects Hudson Bay and the North Atlantic, is a site of ongoing winter shipping where vessels frequently encounter pressured ice conditions and ridging. Here, RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 ScanSAR Wide images were used to identify ridges manually in a winter shipping corridor in the Hudson Strait for the period 1997 to 2012. Ridge count peaked in the month of March. No significant linear trend in the number of ridges was identified on either a monthly or annual scale, which is the result of great variability from year to year. However, spatial patterns of ridging distribution were evident: ridging occurred primarily in the eastern and western sectors of the study area, both in the region between Charles Island and the Quebec coastline and at the eastern entrance to the Hudson Strait. Seasonal sea level pressure (SLP) patterns from years of high and low ridge density were compared, but consistent correlations between SLP and ridge density were not found. The impacts of one-time storm events on ridge densities were also investigated. More analysis is needed to understand the factors influencing ridge density in the Hudson Strait.
Vollständige und teilweise Ein-/Ausgangsentkopplung: Ein Transformationsansatz
Authors: Khodaverdian Saman
Published: November 2016

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Ein-/Ausgangsentkopplung quadratischer und überaktuierter, linearer Systeme
mittels statischer Zustandsrückführung. Hierfür wird eine spezielle Transformation genutzt, mit deren Hilfe sich die
Koppeleffekte des Systems einfach veranschaulichen lassen. Neben einem unkomplizierten Zugang zur vollständigen und
teilweisen Entkopplung kann hierdurch ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen den Reglerparametern und den resultierenden
Übertragungsfunktionen hergestellt werden. Im Falle überaktuierte Systeme, d.h. Systeme mit mehr Ein- als Ausgangsgrößen,
ermöglicht die verwendete Transformation eine geschickte Veranschaulichung der zusätzlichen Freiheitsgrade und dadurch
eine gezielte Manipulation der Systemdynamik über die zusätzlichen Aktoren.
Whom do European corporations lobby? The domestic institutional determinants of interest group activity in the European Union
Authors: Ehrlich Sean D. , Jones Eryn
Published: November 2016

The complicated and multi-layered policymaking process in the European Union presents private interests, such as business firms, with an interesting strategic choice of whom and how to lobby. As the costs of lobbying at the domestic level increase, firms are expected to, instead, devote their resources to lobbying at the European level. Specifically, this article examines how domestic access points and domestic partisanship affect the costs and benefits of lobbying at the domestic versus European level. Using data on firm-level decisions to lobby the EU, this research finds that in countries where is it more costly (or less beneficial) to lobby domestically, firms are more likely to lobby at the EU level.
Vitamin D and male reproductive system
Authors: Costanzo Pablo R. , Knoblovits Pablo
Published: November 2016

Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent worldwide condition and affects people of all ages. The most important role of vitamin D is the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus to maintain muscle and bone homeostasis. Furthermore, in recent years it has been discovered that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is widely distributed in many organs and tissues where vitamin D can perform other actions that include the modulation of the immune response, insulin secretion, anti-proliferative effect on cells of vascular smooth muscle, modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and regulates cell growth in several organs. The VDR is widely distributed in the male reproductive system. Vitamin D induces changes in the spermatozoa’s calcium and cholesterol content and in protein phosphorylation to tyrosine/threonine residues. These changes could be involved in sperm capacitation. Vitamin D seems to regulate aromatase expression in different tissues. Studies analyzing seasonal variations of sex steroids in male populations yield conflicting results. This is probably due to the wide heterogeneity of the populations included according to age, systemic diseases and obesity.
Role and Fate of Hematite in Titania Coated Hematite Photocatalysts
Authors: Penpolcharoen Metta , Amal Rose , Chen Vicki , Brungs Michael
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the characteristics of two different titania-hematite composite systems, namely titania-colloidal hematite particles and titania-nano hematite particles, and their use as photocatalysts. The transmission electron micrographs showed that the colloidal hematite particles were capped with layers of TiO
Streamer Corona Discharge Induced by Laser Pulses During LIF Measurements in a DC Non-thermal Plasma Reactor for NO Oxidation
Authors: Ohkubo Toshikazu , Ito Takeshi , Shuto Yasuyuki , Akamine Shuichi , Kanazawa Seiji , Nomoto Yukiharu , Mizeraczyk Jerzy
Published: November 2016

A possible interference of the light emitted by the laser induced streamer coronas and the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) signal during the measurements of NO concentration in a DC positive corona discharge was experimentally investigated. For in-situ NO measurement a LIF system consisting of a XeF excimer laser, dye laser and BBO crystal, generating a tuned laser line at 226 nm was employed. From the measured occurrence timing between the regular streamer coronas, laser pulse, LIF signal and laser induced streamer it was found that the LIF signal appears almost immediately after the laser incidence and lasts over about 30 ns, while the induced streamer starts about 35 ns after the LIF signal and lasts about 350-500 ns. Due to the 5 ns interval between the LIF signal and the laser induced streamer the undisturbed detection of the LIF signal can be possible with a properly adjusted timing of the ICCD camera (the gate opening and exposure time). Two-dimensional distribution of NO molecules concentration in the discharge gap was measured using the LIF technique. The time-resolved evolution of the laser induced streamers was visualized using the ICCD camera with the proper timing adjustment. This resulted in determining the velocity of propagation of the streamer (about 2.5 × 10
Photodegradation of VOCs and Bad Smells in a TiO2 Coated Honeycomb Monolith Reactor
Authors: Son Geon Seog , Yun Seung Won , Ko Seong Hyuk , Song Jae Won , Lee Kwi Young
Published: November 2016

Photocatalyst has long been studied and used as a promising agent for reduction of air pollution, as it carries such useful characteristics as self-cleaning and powerful oxidation, and it leaves non-toxic by-products. Photocatalysis is a surface reaction and is initiated by absorbing light in the UV wavelength range, therefore the system efficiency is strongly dependent upon surface area and UV intensity. Until recently application of photocatalyst has been limited to low air flow rate with low concentration of pollutants since it has been very difficult for a compact system to provide the large surface area as well as the strong UV intensity. In this study, a very compact and innovative system with a honeycomb monolith substrate coated with photocatalyst and non- thermal plasma as an UV light generation source is suggested to obtain larger specific surface area and stronger UV intensity to effectively enhance the efficiency of photocatalysis. Using this system, parametric study has been made to determine the functional dependency of UV intensity and electric power consumption on such factors as supplied voltages, substrate lengths, air flow conditions and photocatalyst loading ratios.
Treatment of Liquid Waste Containing Ethylenediamine Tetraaceticaxid by Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Chitra S. , Paramasivan K. , Sinha P. K. , Lai K. B.
Published: November 2016

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent that has been used for decontamination purposes in nuclear industry. The presence of EDTA in decontamination wastes can cause complexation of the cations resulting into interferences in their removal by various treatment processes such as chemical pre­cipitation, ion exchange etc. Further, it might also impart elevated leachability and higher mobility of cationic contaminants from the conditioned wastes i.e. waste immobilized in cement or other matrices and can negatively influence the quality of the final form of waste. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) using ozone, H
Studies on Ozone Mass Transfer with High Dissolved Concentration
Authors: Bai Mindong , Bai Xiyao , Zhang Zhitao , Yang Bo , Zhou Xiaojian
Published: November 2016

A miniaturization equipment for 1.0~3.0m
Corona Discharge-Molecular Sieve Hybrid System for NOx Removal from Flue Gas
Authors: Dors M. , Mizeraczyk J.
Published: November 2016

The objective of this work was to investigate NO
Study of Hydrocarbons Conversion in Air Using an Homogeneous Pre-ionised Discharge
Authors: Pasquiers S. , Postel C. , Magne L. , Puech V. , Lombardi G.
Published: November 2016

A photo-triggered discharge was used to study plasma kinetic processes involved in ethene and propene conversion in the air-like gas mixture (20% O