bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of individual perceptions of technology on turnover intention among IT professionals
Authors: Tomer Gunjan , Sharma Anupama
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the dimensions of technology on which information technology (IT) professionals assess and evaluate a given technology. The authors believe that these dimensions influence their career outcomes and hold the potential to explain the intent to leave among IT professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

This study hypothesizes that the likelihood of a given technology being assessed favorably depends on various technology features perceived by IT professionals. These features influence their career prospects, thus influencing work outcomes like turnover intention. This study uses a survey-based quantitative technique to test the proposed research model. Data has been recorded from 312 IT professionals working in different service-based IT firms.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate that the technology IT professionals work with impacts their work and career-related outcomes. IT professionals evaluate and understand technology to assess the favorability of these technologies. Individual preferences to work with a specific technology are driven by that technology's possible influence on career outcomes such as the availability of job opportunities.

Research limitations/implications

This study proposes that assigned technology influences career outcomes among IT professionals and has a potential to explain their turnover intentions. The authors have found that technologies fulfilling their career expectations, such as better work opportunities and job security, might be favorable for IT professionals. Unmet expectations with the assigned technology affect the turnover intention among IT professionals. Though this study examines turnover intention as an outcome, future studies can explore the attributes of technology relevant to IT professionals and their impact on other significant consequences such as work exhaustion and job satisfaction.

Practical implications

With a growing attrition rate and significant demand for skilled IT professionals, the importance of studying their behavior has become essential for both academia and the industry. Despite ample research, there is still a gap between theory and practice. This study on IT professionals proposes that understanding technology and how it is perceived, understood and evaluated by IT professionals might provide significant insights into their work behavior.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by describing the unexplored phenomenon of the impact of technology assignment on IT professionals' work outcomes. This study is valuable in exploring a new dimension to explain turnover intention.
Social capital and health outcomes among older adults in India: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Jyoti Jyoti , Singh S.P. , Malik Manzoor Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The social capital theory is increasingly being looked at as a valuable paradigm to understand if community socioeconomic factors influence health behaviours and outcomes. This requires an understanding of the forms in which social capital manifests and the levels at which it operates.

Design/methodology/approach

Thus, the purpose of this paper is to study if social capital is associated with health outcomes among older adults in India and providing an estimate of the extent to which the neighbourhood differences in health outcomes among the older adults can be attributed to social capital.

Findings

The authors find several forms of social capital to be associated with health outcomes among older adults. The results show that community-level social capital variables collectively explain 12.81% unexplained neighbourhood variation in self-rated health, 2.5% variation in psychological well-being and 11.32% variation in the ability to perform activities of daily living, respectively.

Originality/value

The findings highlight the role social capital plays in serving as a coping mechanism for older adults to survive deteriorating health and social exclusion and call for conscious investment in building social capital.
HigherpHis associated with enhanced co‐occurrence network complexity, stability and nutrient cycling functions in the rice rhizosphere microbiome
Authors: Guo Yaping , Song Bin , Li Anqi , Wu Qi , Huang Haili , Li Na , Yang Ying , Adams Jonathan Miles , Yang Lin
Published: September 2022

The rice rhizosphere microbiota is crucial for crop yields and nutrient use efficiency. However, little is known about how co‐occurrence patterns, keystone taxa and functional gene assemblages relate to soil pH in the rice rhizosphere soils. Using shotgun metagenome analysis, the rice rhizosphere microbiome was investigated across 28 rice fields in east‐central China. At higher pH sites, the taxonomic co‐occurrence network of rhizosphere soils was more complex and compact, as defined by higher average degree, graph density and complexity. Network stability was greatest at medium pH (6.5 < pH < 7.5), followed by high pH (7.5 < pH). Keystone taxa were more abundant at higher pH and correlated significantly with key ecosystem functions. Overall functional genes involved in C, N, P and S cycling were at a higher relative abundance in higher pH rhizosphere soils, excepting C degradation genes (e.g. key genes involved in starch, cellulose, chitin and lignin degradation). Our results suggest that the rice rhizosphere soil microbial network is more complex and stable at higher pH, possibly indicating increased efficiency of nutrient cycling. These observations may indicate routes towards more efficient soil management and understanding of the potential effects of soil acidification on the rice rhizosphere system.
Voting for bureaucracy? Contestation, suffrage and meritocracy
Authors: ANDERSEN DAVID , CORNELL AGNES
Published: September 2022

The relationship between democracy and bureaucracy is the object of both classic and contemporary studies in political science. In classic works, scholars argue that there is an inherent conflict between democracy and bureaucracy, whereas contemporary scholars often assert that democracy is positively related to the development of bureaucracy. We argue that both classic and recent interpretations of the relationship are too simplistic since the two dimensions of democracy, contestation and inclusiveness, are likely to affect bureaucratic development in different ways. On the one hand, electoral contestation strengthens bureaucracy if voters demand public goods that politicians cater to by employing meritocratic recruitment. On the other hand, we cannot take for granted that all voters demand public goods. As poorer people are enfranchised, popular demands for particularistic goods increase, which incentivizes politicians to keep a patrimonial state administration, thus facilitating clientelistic linkages with the electorate. Based on new and improved data on electoral contestation and meritocratic recruitment and a measure of male suffrage, we examine the separate and combined effects of contestation and suffrage on meritocracy worldwide from 1790 to 2012. We find that contestation is positively related to meritocracy after the advent of World War II when universal suffrage and contested elections were generally introduced simultaneously. Before World War II, when suffrage was limited and only gradually extended to poorer segments, contestation is significantly related to meritocracy only at lower levels of suffrage.
Subsidiary staffing strategy and innovation performance in Chinese multinational enterprises: the moderating effect of institutional distance
Authors: She Yi , Sun Yumin , Hong Jin
Published: September 2022

This article examines the impact of the staffing of foreign subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on the innovation performance of the parent company and the moderating effect of the institutional distance between the host country and the home country. This paper conducts an empirical analysis on the data of 59 mature Chinese MNEs and their 872 overseas subsidiaries over the past 11 years and obtains some interesting results. The results show that the proportion of host country nationals (HCNs) in overseas subsidiaries has a significant positive impact on the innovation performance of the parent company and that it is not a simple linear relationship but rather an inverted U‐shaped relationship. As HCNs increase, the ability to acquire knowledge is increasing, while the ability to integrate knowledge is decreasing. Thus, multiplicative combinations of latent mechanisms result in an inverted U‐shaped relationship. However, the institutional distance between countries negatively moderates the effect of subsidiary HCN proportions on parent company innovation performance. The findings have important practical implications for the multinational innovation strategies of Chinese MNEs and governments.
The finch in the coal mine: Interrogating the environmental politics of extinction narratives
Authors: Hine Amelia , Mayes Robyn , Hurst Bree
Published: September 2022

The black‐throated finch is an endangered species whose highest quality remaining habitat directly overlaps with the site of the controversial Adani Carmichael coal mine in Central Queensland, Australia. The image of this finch has been widely used by anti‐Adani protest groups as a powerful symbol for the destructive nature of greenfield coal mining. Drawing on extinction studies literature, we problematise the use of the black‐throated finch as a symbol of imminent extinction, highlighting how activists have constructed a fixed finch on‐the‐brink ontology that narrows possible futures for the species. We identify how the finch has been strategically deployed as an affective tool for engaging publics while the anti‐Adani campaign has been primarily driven by concerns around climate change futures. We use primary sources of anti‐Adani ephemera as well as interviews with key scientists, activists, and image‐makers involved in the debate about the Carmichael coal mine. We argue that critical evaluation of the effects and potential consequences of simplified environmental activist narratives and the instrumentalisation of nonhumans is needed to support and enable activism that centres care and responsibility within multispecies entanglements. Engagement with the complexities of environmental intervention in relation to the finch, and not exclusively the mine, is also necessary to locate openings through which more‐than‐human futures can be creatively imagined and enacted.
Proteomic analysis reveals the mechanism of green regulation in garlic puree induced by purple light stress
Authors: Fan Gongjian , He Yi , Kou Xiaohong , Dou Jinfeng , Li Tingting , Wu Caie , Zhu Jinpeng
Published: September 2022

Greening is an undesirable appearance in garlic puree during processing. Our previous study indicated that purple light could induce the greening changes in garlic. In order to investigate the mechanism of green regulation in garlic puree, purple light‐induced greening and nongreening garlic puree were used as materials to investigate the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by sodium dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and data‐independent acquisition (DIA) technology. The results showed that a total of 186 DEPs were detected by DIA, with 73 DEPs were up‐regulated in greening garlic puree and 113 of them were down‐regulated in greening garlic puree. Most DEPs were belonged to 20 functional categories, and mainly participated in post‐translational modification and transport of proteins, molecular chaperones (12.93%) and signal transduction mechanisms (10.20%), energy production and transformation (6.80%), carbohydrate transport and metabolism (5.44%) and amino acid transport and metabolism (4.08%), indicating that the biological metabolic pathway, metabolic direction, and metabolic strength efficiency significantly changed in garlic puree after greening. Besides, the physiological and biochemical experiments showed that purple light significantly induced the γ‐glutathione transpeptidase activity and prompted the conversion of thiosulfinate into garlic green pigment. This study explained the general molecular mechanism of greening changes of garlic puree in response to purple light.

Practical Application

Greening is an undesirable appearance in garlic puree during processing, which deteriorate the qualities of garlic. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of green regulation in garlic puree based on proteomics analysis.
Chromosome‐level assembly of Culex pipiens molestus and improved reference genome of Culex pipiens pallens (Culicidae, Diptera)
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Cheng Peng , An Sha , Zhang Kexin , Gong Maoqing , Zhang Zhong , Zhang Ruiling
Published: September 2022

Culex pipiens molestus and Culex pipiens pallens are two distinct bioforms in the Culex pipiens complex that are important vectors of several pathogens and are widely distributed around the world. In the current study, we present a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome of Cx. pipiens f. molestus and describe the genetic characteristics of this genome. The assembly genome was 559.749 Mb with contig and scaffold N50 values of 200.952 Mb and 0.370 Mb, and more than 94.78% of the assembled bases were located on 3 chromosomes. A total of 19,399 protein‐coding genes were predicted. Many gene families were expanded in the genome of Cx. pipiens f. molestus, particularly those of the chemosensory protein (CSP) and gustatory receptor (GR) gene families. In addition, utilizing Hi‐C data, we improved the previously assembled draft genome of Cx. pipiens f. pallens, with scaffold N50 of 186.195 Mb and contig N50 of 0.749 Mb, and more than 97.02% of the assembled bases were located on three chromosomes. This reference genome provides a foundation for genome‐based investigations of the unique ecological and evolutionary characteristics of Cx. pipiens f. molestus, and the findings in this study will help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in species divergence in the Culex pipiens complex.
Jian Pi Shen Shi formula alleviates hyperuricemia and related renal fibrosis in uricase‐deficient rats via suppression of the collagen‐binding pathway
Authors: Yin Na , Li Xiaosi , Liu Weichao , Qi Yan , Wu Runfang , Li Zhaofu , Ying Sai , Yang Haihao , Gu Qianlan , Wu Zhao , Zou Nanting , Duan Weigang , Peng Jiangyun , Wan Chunping
Published: September 2022

Aim

Jian Pi Shen Shi Formula (JPSSF) is a beneficial treatment for hyperuricemia and related tissue damage in the clinical setting. This study was designed to investigate its therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms in uricase‐deficient rats (Uox−/− rats).

Methods

Uox−/− rats were used to assess the therapeutic potential of JPSSF on hyperuricemia. Protein extracts from renal tissues of a Uox−/− group and a JPSSF group were analyzed using tandem mass tag labeling quantitative proteomic workflow. Collagen deposition in Uox−/− rat kidneys was analyzed by Masson trichromatic staining. The gene expression associated with collagen‐binding‐related signaling pathways in the kidneys was further explored using quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The protein expressions of collagen 1a1 (col1a1), col6a1, and α‐smooth muscle actin were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results

JPSSF significantly decreased renal function indices and alleviated renal injuries. The action of JPSSF was manifested by down‐regulation of col6a1 and interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase‐like 2, which blocked the binding sites on collagen and further prevented kidney injury. The anti‐renal fibrosis effect of JPSSF was confirmed by reducing the collagen deposition and hydroxyproline concentrations. JPSSF treatment also intensely down‐regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of col6a1, col1a1, and α‐smooth muscle actin, which inhibited the function of the collagen‐binding‐related signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that JPSSF notably ameliorated hyperuricemia and related renal fibrosis in Uox−/− rats through lowering uric acid and down‐regulating the function of the collagen‐binding pathway. This suggested that JPSSF is a potential empirical formula for treating hyperuricemia and accompanying renal fibrosis.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of silver diamine fluoride to divert dental general anaesthesia compared to standard care
Authors: Nguyen TM , Tonmukayakul U , Hall M , Calache H
Published: September 2022

Background

The aim is to perform a model‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis of a silver diamine fluoride (SDF) protocol intervention to divert dental general anaesthesia (DGA) among Victorian children aged 2–10 years.

Methods

Data inputs were based on an Australian single‐cohort 2017/18 study. Intervention costs for standard care were derived from two subgroups of children: (1) children who received standard care without DGA, and (2) children who received standard care with DGA. Two scenarios were modelled due to limited post‐follow‐up data: (1) children receiving SDF had standard care without DGA (base‐case scenario), and (2) children receiving SDF did not receive standard care without DGA (alternative scenario). A simple decision‐tree model with probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) estimated the incremental costs per diverted DGA.

Results

The probability of children requiring specialist referral and offered SDF, but the primary carer opted for DGA is 0.124 (SD 0.034), and the probability of children requiring DGA in standard care is 0.346 (SD 0.036). For both the base‐case and alternative scenario, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio outcome is dominant and their cost‐effectiveness being either 74.8% or 100% respectively.

Conclusions

The SDF protocol intervention is cost‐effective dental caries management option for young children where referral for DGA is considered. © 2022 Australian Dental Association.
Effects of chemotherapy dose reductions in overweight patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kristensen Daniel Tuyet , Nielsen Lars Børty , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort Kyneb , Kristensen Tove‐Christina Choe , Jepsen Lene Østergaard , Schöllkopf Claudia , Theilgaard‐Mönch Kim , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer , Roug Anne Stidsholt , Severinsen Marianne Tang
Published: September 2022

Overweight patients with cancer are frequently reduced in chemotherapy dose due to toxicity concerns, although previous studies have indicated that dose reduction (DR) of overweight patients results in comparable toxicity but may compromise overall survival (OS). Current evidence regarding DR in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is limited. To investigate the association between DR and outcome among overweight patients with AML we analysed a Danish nationwide cohort of overweight adult AML patients treated with remission induction chemotherapy. Among 536 patients identified, 10.1% were categorized as DR defined as 95% or less of full body surface area (BSA)‐based dose. Risk factors for DR were high body mass index (BMI) and BSA, therapy‐related AML and favourable cytogenetics. No significant differences were observed for rates of complete remission (CR), 30‐ and 90‐day mortality between DR and non‐DR patients. Furthermore, DR did not affect median relapse‐free survival (RFS) [DR, 14.5 (95% confidence interval, 9.0–41.7) months; non‐DR, 15.0 (12.3–19.3)] with an adjusted difference in five‐year restricted mean survival time (Δ5y‐RMST) of 0.2 (−8.4 to 8.8) months nor median OS (DR, 17.0 [11.9 to 45.5] months; non‐DR, 17.5 [14.8 to 20.5]) with an adjusted Δ5y‐RMST of 0.8 (−5.7 to 7.3) months. In conclusion, we found no statistically significant association between DR and outcomes among overweight patients with AML. However, we acknowledge the limited sample size and encourage further studies in this important subject.
When open data closes the door: A critical examination of the past, present and the potential future for open data guidelines in journals
Authors: Prosser Annayah M. B. , Hamshaw Richard J. T. , Meyer Johanna , Bagnall Ralph , Blackwood Leda , Huysamen Monique , Jordan Abbie , Vasileiou Konstantina , Walter Zoe
Published: September 2022

Opening data promises to improve research rigour and democratize knowledge production. But it also presents practical, theoretical, and ethical considerations for qualitative researchers in particular. Discussion about open data in qualitative social psychology predates the replication crisis. However, the nuances of this ongoing discussion have not been translated into current journal guidelines on open data. In this article, we summarize ongoing debates about open data from qualitative perspectives, and through a content analysis of 261 journals we establish the state of current journal policies for open data in the domain of social psychology. We critically discuss how current common expectations for open data may not be adequate for establishing qualitative rigour, can introduce ethical challenges, and may place those who wish to use qualitative approaches at a disadvantage in peer review and publication processes. We advise that future open data guidelines should aim to reflect the nuance of arguments surrounding data sharing in qualitative research, and move away from a universal “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach to data sharing. This article outlines the past, present, and the potential future of open data guidelines in social‐psychological journals. We conclude by offering recommendations for how journals might more inclusively consider the use of open data in qualitative methods, whilst recognizing and allowing space for the diverse perspectives, needs, and contexts of all forms of social‐psychological research.
Ordinal state‐trait regression for intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Osei Prince P. , Reiss Philip T.
Published: September 2022

In many psychological studies, in particular those conducted by experience sampling, mental states are measured repeatedly for each participant. Such a design allows for regression models that separate between‐ from within‐person, or trait‐like from state‐like, components of association between two variables. But these models are typically designed for continuous variables, whereas mental state variables are most often measured on an ordinal scale. In this paper we develop a model for disaggregating between‐ from within‐person effects of one ordinal variable on another. As in standard ordinal regression, our model posits a continuous latent response whose value determines the observed response. We allow the latent response to depend nonlinearly on the trait and state variables, but impose a novel penalty that shrinks the fit towards a linear model on the latent scale.A simulation study shows that this penalization approach is effective at finding a middle ground between an overly restrictive linear model and an overfitted nonlinear model. The proposed method is illustrated with an application to data from the experience sampling study ofBaumeister et al. (2020,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46, 1631).
Repurposing nitazoxanide as a novel anti‐atherosclerotic drug based on mitochondrial uncoupling mechanisms
Authors: Ma Ming‐Hui , Li Feng‐Feng , Li Wen‐Feng , Zhao Hui , Jiang Man , Yu Yuan‐Yuan , Dong Yan‐Chao , Zhang Yi‐Xin , Li Ping , Bu Wen‐Jie , Sun Zhi‐Jie , Dong De‐Li
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose

The anthelmintic drug nitazoxanide has a mitochondrial uncoupling effect. Mitochondrial uncouplers have been proven to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation of macrophages and improve dyslipidaemia. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate that nitazoxanide would protect against atherosclerosis.

Experimental Approach

The mitochondrial oxygen consumption of cells was measured by using the high‐resolution respirometry system, Oxygraph‐2K. The proliferation and migration of A10 cells were measured by using Edu immunofluorescence staining, wound‐induced migration and the Boyden chamber assay. Protein levels were measured by using the western blot technique. ApoE (−/−) mice were fed with a Western diet to establish an atherosclerotic model in vivo.

Key Results

The in vitro experiments showed that nitazoxanide and tizoxanide had a mitochondrial uncoupling effect and activated cellular AMPK. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited serum‐ and PDGF‐induced proliferation and migration of A10 cells. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in RAW264.7 macrophages, the mechanism by which involved the AMPK/IκBα/NF‐κB pathway. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide also induced autophagy in A10 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that oral administration of nitazoxanide reduced the increase in serum IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels and suppressed atherosclerosis in Western diet‐fed ApoE (−/−) mice.

Conclusion and Implications

Nitazoxanide inhibits the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE (−/−) mice fed on a Western diet. In view of nitazoxanide being an antiprotozoal drug already approved by the FDA, we propose it as a novel anti‐atherosclerotic drug with clinical translational potential.
Hsa‐microRNA‐370‐3p targeting Snail and Twist1 suppresses IL‐8/STAT3‐driven hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Peng Siqi , Chen Yutong , Li Ting , Mao Junjie , Yang Pengfei , Zou Baojia , Luo Lisi , Zhang Weiyu , Wang Wen , Xie Rongzhi , Li Jian , Zeng Linjuan
Published: September 2022

The pro‐inflammatory factor interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is related to poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Interleukin‐8 enhanced HCC invasion by upregulating Snail and Twist1, whether this modulation relies on microRNAs (miR) is unclear. In this study, hsa‐miR‐370‐3p was screened as candidate miRNA targeting Snail and Twist1, and its expression was downregulated by IL‐8. Luciferase assays and RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to evaluate the interaction between miR‐370‐3p and targeted mRNAs. Coimmunoprecipitation, luciferase, and ChIP assays were undertaken to investigate the mechanisms underlying IL‐8‐mediated modification of miR‐370‐3p. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies, Transwell assays, and a xenograft nude mouse model were used to investigate pro‐ and antitumor activities. Interleukin‐8 and miR‐370‐3p levels were analyzed for clinical relevance in HCC patients. Our results showed that HCC patients with high levels of IL‐8 experienced more metastasis and shorter survival. Interleukin‐8 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and promoted liver cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. MicroRNA‐370‐3p interacted with its cognate mRNA within the 3′‐UTR regions of Twist1 and Snail mRNA directly and specifically and attenuated IL‐8 protumoral effects on liver cancer cells. Interleukin‐8 negatively modulated miR‐370‐3p through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to miR‐370‐3p promoter. The STAT3 and HDAC antagonists inhibited liver cancer cell migration and invasion. Patients with high miR‐370‐3p and low IL‐8 levels had longer overall survival. In conclusion, our study elucidated a novel axis IL‐8/STAT3/miR‐370‐3p/Twist1 and Snail relying on HDAC1 recruitment, which showed both diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of miR‐370‐3p in HCC metastasis.
First‐in‐human study of ONO‐4578, an antagonist of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4, alone and with nivolumab in solid tumors
Authors: Iwasa Satoru , Koyama Takafumi , Nishino Makoto , Kondo Shunsuke , Sudo Kazuki , Yonemori Kan , Yoshida Tatsuya , Tamura Kenji , Shimizu Toshio , Fujiwara Yutaka , Kitano Shigehisa , Shimomura Akihiko , Sato Jun , Yokoyama Fumiharu , Iida Hiroyuki , Kondo Maki , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: September 2022

EP4, a prostaglandin E2 receptor, has shown an immunosuppressive activity on cancer cells. This first‐in‐human study evaluated ONO‐4578, a highly selective EP4 antagonist, as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. A daily dose ranging from 30 mg to 100 mg of ONO‐4578 monotherapy and that ranging from 2 mg to 60 mg of ONO‐4578 with biweekly nivolumab 240 mg were administered. A total of 31 patients were enrolled, 10 receiving monotherapy and 21 receiving combination therapy. Overall, 26 patients experienced treatment‐related adverse events. Dose‐limiting toxicities were observed in three patients; one of six patients receiving 100 mg monotherapy developed grade 3 duodenal ulcer and two of six patients receiving 60 mg combination therapy developed either grade 3 erythema multiforme or grade 3 increased amylase and grade 4 increased lipase. One patient with small‐cell lung cancer who received 40 mg combination therapy had a partial response, and three patients with monotherapy and six patients with combination therapy had stable disease. Pharmacodynamics analyses showed that ONO‐4578 had EP4 antagonistic activity at doses as low as 2 mg. In conclusion, the maximum tolerated dose of ONO‐4578 alone or in combination with nivolumab was not reached. ONO‐4578 was well tolerated at the tested doses and showed signs of antitumor activity. Considering safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics results, ONO‐4578 40 mg daily with nivolumab 240 mg biweekly was selected as the recommended dose for future clinical trials. (Registration: JapicCTI‐173,496 and NCT03155061).
The potential role of interleukin (IL)‐25/IL‐33/thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Dai Huaping , Zhang Jinglan
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Interleukin (IL)‐25, IL‐33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are the important drivers for excessive type‐2 immunity. It has been well elucidated that IL‐25/IL‐33/TSLP plays an important role in allergic airway inflammation and remodeling, whereas their roles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) still remained largely unclear. Herein, the aim of the review is to discuss the potential role and mechanism of IL‐25/IL‐33/TSLP on IPF by literature analysis and summary.

Data source

We have done a literature search using the following terms: (“idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis” OR “IPF” OR “lung fibrosis”) and (TSLP or “thymic stromal lymphopoietin” or IL‐25 OR IL‐17E OR IL‐33) from the database of PubMed published in English up to July 2018.

Study selection

We have totally found 58 articles by using the retrieval terms mentioned above. By careful title and abstract reading, 10 original research articles of high quality were enrolled for the full text reading and analysis. Two additional relevant studies were also included during the course of literature readings.

Results

IL‐25/IL‐33/TSLP and their corresponding receptors, that is, IL‐17BR/ST2L/TSLPR, are shown to be up‐regulated both in IPF patients and bleomycin (BLM)‐induced lung fibrosis mice model. IL‐25 may promote lung fibrosis by activating IL‐17BR+fibroblast and IL‐17BR+ILC2 (type 2 innate lymphoid cell). Full length (fl)‐IL‐33, as a transcription factor mainly in the cell nucleus, mediated non‐atopic lung inflammation and fibrosis by modulating expressions of several pro‐fibrotic mediators, including transforming growth factor (TGF)‐b1. By contrast, mature (m)‐IL‐33 potentiates lung fibrosis by recruiting ST2L+M2 macrophages and ST2L+ILC2 to enlarge type 2 immunity. TSLP was shown to directly promote CCL2 expression in primary human lung fibroblasts (pHLFs).

Conclusion

IL‐25/IL‐33/TSLP contributes to non‐allergic lung fibrosis by mediating persistent abnormal epithelial‐mesenchymal crosstalk. IL‐25/IL‐33/TSLP may serve the promising novel target for the treatment of IPF.
Relevance of the College of American Pathologists guideline for validating whole slide imaging for diagnostic purposes to cytopathology
Authors: Antonini Pietro , Santonicco Nicola , Pantanowitz Liron , Girolami Ilaria , Rizzo Paola Chiara , Brunelli Matteo , Bellevicine Claudio , Vigliar Elena , Negri Giovanni , Troncone Giancarlo , Fadda Guido , Parwani Anil , Marletta Stefano , Eccher Albino
Published: September 2022

Whole slide imaging (WSI) allows pathologists to view virtual versions of slides on computer monitors. With increasing adoption of digital pathology, laboratories have begun to validate their WSI systems for diagnostic purposes according to reference guidelines. Among these the College of American Pathologists (CAP) guideline includes three strong recommendations (SRs) and nine good practice statements (GPSs). To date, the application of WSI to cytopathology has been beyond the scope of the CAP guideline due to limited evidence. Herein we systematically reviewed the published literature on WSI validation studies in cytology. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed‐MEDLINE and Embase databases up to November 2021 to identify all publications regarding validation of WSI in cytology. Each article was reviewed to determine if SRs and/or GPSs recommended by the CAP guideline were adequately satisfied. Of 3963 retrieved articles, 25 were included. Only 4/25 studies (16%) satisfied all three SRs, with only one publication (1/25, 4%) fulfilling all three SRs and nine GPSs. Lack of a suitable validation dataset was the main missing SR (16/25, 64%) and less than a third of the studies reported intra‐observer variability data (7/25, 28%). Whilst the CAP guideline for WSI validation in clinical practice helped the widespread adoption of digital pathology, more evidence is required to routinely employ WSI for diagnostic purposes in cytopathology practice. More dedicated validation studies satisfying all SRs and/or GPSs recommended by the CAP are needed to help expedite the use of WSI for primary diagnosis in cytopathology.
Un ensayo clínico no ético y la politización de la pandemia de COVID‐19 en Brasil: El caso de Prevent Senior
Authors: Hellmann Fernando , Homedes Núria
Published: September 2022

El Senado Federal de Brasil creó una Comisión Parlamentaria de Investigación (CPI) para investigar las irregularidades del gobierno de Bolsonaro en la gestión de la pandemia de COVID‐19. Uno de los casos que llamó la atención fue la investigación llevada a cabo por Prevent Senior, una empresa privada de seguros de salud, sobre el tratamiento temprano de COVID‐19. Este artículo analiza la validez científica de la investigación y los problemas éticos relacionados con su implementación. Se basa en un análisis del informe del estudio clínico de Prevent Senior, de los registros de ensayos clínicos de Brasil y Estados Unidos, del informe de la CPI del Senado y de información difundida por los medios de comunicación. Este caso de fraude científico y sesgo político‐ideológico ejemplifica cómo Prevent Senior, utilizando un protocolo cuestionable para mejorar su reputación y obtener el apoyo del gobierno, contribuyó a la construcción de la narrativa de “tratamiento temprano” para COVID‐19, y muestra cómo sirvió de base para una política pública del gobierno que promovió el uso de medicamentos ineficaces.
Prevalence, associations and health outcomes of binge eating in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: Results from Diabetes MILES – The Netherlands
Authors: Huisman Sasja D. , Hendrieckx Christel , Bot Mariska , Pouwer François , Nefs Giesje
Published: September 2022

Aims

To examine the prevalence and health risks of binge eating in people with diabetes.

Methods

Self‐report data were analysed from a subsample (n = 582 type 1 diabetes/735 type 2 diabetes) of Diabetes MILES – the Netherlands, an online survey. Prevalence of binge eating was compared across diabetes type and treatment and between participants with and without binges for eating styles, diabetes treatment and outcomes, weight, BMI and psychological comorbidity. Associations between binge eating, HbA1c, BMI, diabetes distress were assessed using hierarchical linear regression analyses.

Results

23% (n = 308) of participants reported eating binges, with 16% at least monthly, and 6% at least weekly. Prevalence and frequency of binges did not differ across diabetes type or treatment. People reporting binges scored higher on dietary restraint, emotional and external eating and reported higher weight and BMI than those without binges. Only people with type 1 diabetes and eating binges had a higher HbA1c.

Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that binge eating was independently associated with higher HbA1c (β = 0.12, p=0.001), BMI (β = 0.13, p < 0.001) but not with diabetes distress.

Conclusions

This study found binge eating to be associated with eating styles, BMI and HbA1c. However, our cross‐sectional data do not allow for conclusions on causality. Future studies could further examine the directions of these associations and their clinical implications.
Assessing female accountability in the long eighteenth century through debt imprisonment
Authors: Wakelam Alexander
Published: September 2022

This article measures the relationship between marital rates and female economic independence in eighteenth‐century England and Wales through an assessment of their confinement in debtors’ prisons. While an array of scholarship has emphasised the enduring agency of women who were able to continue managing enterprises after marriage, this has arguably too severely diminished the significance of coverture which eradicated the legal identity of wives. By insisting agency requires the ability to be held accountable not merely in terms of the capacity to act, this research emphasises that, until it was abolished, coverture continued to matter in a practical economic sense and not merely in legal theory. As marriage rates increased, the rate at which women were held accountable for their debts declined, suggesting a proportional limitation of their independence, functioning essentially as their husband's employee. Industrialisation had little impact upon female accountability, suggesting that demography rather than capitalism governed how women engaged with the market. Furthermore, this research highlights a striking shift in how women understood their own identity, increasingly adopting occupational rather than marital descriptions of themselves possibly owing to the increased marginality of singlewomen.
An Investigation of the Nature and Consequence of the Relationship between IRT Difficulty and Discrimination
Authors: Sweeney Sandra M. , Sinharay Sandip , Johnson Matthew S. , Steinhauer Eric W.
Published: September 2022

The focus of this paper is on the empirical relationship between item difficulty and item discrimination. Two studies—an empirical investigation and a simulation study—were conducted to examine the association between item difficulty and item discrimination under classical test theory and item response theory (IRT), and the effects of the association on various quantities of interest. Results from the empirical investigation show that item difficulty and item discrimination are negatively correlated under classical test theory, mostly negatively correlated under the two‐parameter logistic model, and mostly positively correlated under the three‐parameter logistic model; the magnitude of the correlation varied over the different data sets. Results from the simulation study reveal that a failure to incorporate the correlation between item difficulty and item discrimination in IRT simulations may provide the investigator with inaccurate values of important quantities of interest, and may lead to incorrect operational decisions. Implications to practice and future directions are discussed.
Justice in supply chain relationships: A comprehensive review and future research directions
Authors: Alghababsheh Mohammad , Gallear David , Saikouk Tarik
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to assess the current status of research on inter‐organisational justice in supply chain relationships (SCRs), analyse its key themes and develop future research directions to advance the knowledge of SCRs. The study employed a rigorous review methodology that combined systematic and snowballing searches. In total, 98 papers published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1983 and 2020 were identified and have been descriptively and thematically analysed. Through synthesising and integrating the extant research, the study develops a taxonomy of types of inter‐organisational justice in SCRs (i.e., relationship overall justice, relationship dimensional‐based justice, event overall justice and event dimensional‐based justice). The review also identifies and discusses three main themes (and subthemes) of the existing research, including antecedents (i.e., governance mechanism, governance design, breach of contract and relationship power), outcomes (i.e., attitudinal, behavioural and performance) and boundary conditions (i.e., relationship and environmental) of inter‐organisational justice in SCRs. The study concludes by identifying current gaps and suggesting important research directions for further work.
Efficacy of rituximab in anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein demyelinating polyneuropathy: Clinical, hematological and neurophysiological correlations during 2 years of follow‐up
Authors: Parisi Mattia , Dogliotti Irene , Clerico Michele , Bertuzzo Davide , Benevolo Giulia , Orsucci Lorella , Schiavetti Irene , Cavallo Roberto , Cavallo Federica , Ragaini Simone , Di Liberto Alessandra , Ferrante Martina , Bondielli Giulia , Artusi Carlo Alberto , Drandi Daniela , Lopiano Leonardo , Ferrero Bruno , Ferrero Simone
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose

We evaluated the clinical and neurophysiological efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in a neurophysiologically homogeneous group of patients with monoclonal gammopathy and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein antibody (anti‐MAG) demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Methods

Twenty three anti‐MAG‐positive polyneuropathic patients were prospectively evaluated before and for 2 years after treatment with RTX 375 mg/m2. The Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability scale (INCAT‐ds), modified INCAT sensory score (mISS), Medical Research Council sum score, Patients’ Global Impression of Change scale were used, IgM levels were assessed and extensive electrophysiological examinations were performed before (T0) and 1 year (T1) and 2 years (T2) after RTX treatment.

Results

At T1 and T2 there was a significant reduction from T0 both in mISS and in INCAT‐ds, with a p value < 0.001 in the inferential Friedman's test overall analysis. Ulnar nerve Terminal Latency Index and distal motor latency significantly changed from T0 to T1 and in the overall analysis (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002), and ulnar nerve sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude was significantly increased at T2 from T1, with a p value < 0.001 in the overall analysis. Analysis of the receiver‐operating characteristic curves showed that a 41.8% increase in SNAP amplitude in the ulnar nerve at T2 from T0 was a fair predictor of a mISS reduction of ≥2 points (area under the curve 0.85; p = 0.005; sensitivity: 90.9%, specificity: 83.3%).

Conclusions

This study suggests that RTX is effective in patients with clinically active demyelinating anti‐MAG neuropathy over 2 years of follow‐up, and that some neurophysiological variables might be useful for monitoring this efficacy.
Cross‐scale regulation of seasonal microclimate by vegetation and snow in the Arctic tundra
Authors: von Oppen Jonathan , Assmann Jakob J. , Bjorkman Anne D. , Treier Urs A. , Elberling Bo , Nabe‐Nielsen Jacob , Normand Signe
Published: September 2022

Climate warming is inducing widespread vegetation changes in Arctic tundra ecosystems, with the potential to alter carbon and nutrient dynamics between vegetation and soils. Yet, we lack a detailed understanding of how variation in vegetation and topography influences fine‐scale temperatures (“microclimate”) that mediate these dynamics, and at what resolution vegetation needs to be sampled to capture these effects. We monitored microclimate at 90 plots across a tundra landscape in western Greenland. Our stratified random study design covered gradients of topography and vegetation, while nested plots (0.8–100 m2) enabled comparison across different sampling resolutions. We used Bayesian mixed‐effect models to quantify the direct influence of plot‐level topography, moisture and vegetation on soil, near‐surface and canopy‐level temperatures (−6, 2, and 15 cm). During the growing season, colder soils were predicted by shrub cover (−0.24°C per 10% increase), bryophyte cover (−0.35°C per 10% increase), and vegetation height (−0.17°C per 1 cm increase). The same three factors also predicted the magnitude of differences between soil and above‐ground temperatures, indicating warmer soils at low cover/height, but colder soils under closed/taller canopies. These findings were consistent across plot sizes, suggesting that spatial predictions of microclimate may be possible at the operational scales of satellite products. During winter, snow cover (+0.75°C per 10 snow‐covered days) was the key predictor of soil microclimate. Topography and moisture explained little variation in the measured temperatures. Our results not only underline the close connection of vegetation and snow with microclimate in the Arctic tundra but also point to the need for more studies disentangling their complex interplay across tundra environments and seasons. Future shifts in vegetation cover and height will likely mediate the impact of atmospheric warming on the tundra soil environment, with potential implications for below‐ground organisms and ecosystem functioning.
Allure and the spatialities of nationalism, war and development: Towards a geography of beauty
Authors: Faria Caroline V. , Fluri Jennifer L.
Published: September 2022

The work of beauty—in disciplining bodies, imagining nations, driving globalized commodity networks, and fostering booming tourist industries, for example, is a vibrant area of research across the Humanities and Social Sciences. However, an understanding of the complex ideologies, material objects, and practices of beauty remain undeveloped in our field. In this article we call on geographers to take beauty, and its spatialities, seriously. We center the powerful work of beauty in three connected arenas, each of long‐held interest to political geographers: nationalism, militarism, and development. For each we engage analyses of beauty from beyond our discipline. Drawing on our own research and that of a limited, but growing, body of geographers, we point to the instructive openings a feminist geographic approach to beauty, widely imagined but always grounded in power, offers.
A review of social roles in green consumer behaviour
Authors: Xiao Jing , Yang Zhi , Li Zhen , Chen Zhi
Published: September 2022

Despite the broad interest and rapid increase in studying green consumer behaviour (GCB) from a social perspective, related articles have been presented in a piecemeal fashion and have lacked a review of social roles in GCB. Additionally, the research focus may differ from the influence of digital technology. Therefore, this study draws on a review of 439 GCB articles that focus on social roles and utilizes both quantitative and qualitative analyses to provide a general picture of theories, social factors, research topics and topic trends with a specific emphasis on the research differences between the traditional and digital contexts. The findings indicate that the GCB field has experienced exponential growth since 2014. Subjective norms, social influence, culture, marketing influence and social media influence are the main drivers of GCB. Eight research topics are identified, among which topics on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the theory of consumption values (TCV) maintained high popularity. Furthermore, the TPB is more prevalent in the traditional context in which scholars prefer to predict GCB using macrosocial factors, such as policy and culture. In comparison, signal theory and commitment‐trust theory have received more attention in the digital context in which trust is vital. Research interests in online platforms and green hotels have recently increased in the digital context. Gaps and suggested directions for future studies are further identified.