bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of nurse led education on anxiety level among coronary artery bypass grafting pre-operative patients
Authors: Amjad Ali  , Sarfraz Masih  , Fazle Rabbi  , Abdur Rasheed
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of nurse-led pre-operative education in minimizing the level of anxiety among patients waiting for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Methods: This experimental study was accomplished at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. Out of 136, there were 80 patients identified with the presence of anxiety using AKUADS 4 to 6 weeks before CABG. Data were collected by the primary researcher from July 2016 to December 2016. Patients with anxiety were divided into experimental and non-experimental groups. After pre-operative education to the experimental group, patients from both groups were re-assessed for anxiety level one week before CABG.

Result: Data were assessed through non-parametric Wilcoxon sign ranked and Mann Whitney tests. It was found that anxiety reduced significantly in post-assessment among experimental group participants. No significant difference was found for pre-anxiety assessment between experimental and non-experimental groups. It was noted that post assessment anxiety differed significantly between experimental and non-experimental groups.

Conclusion: Pre-operative education was found effective to decrease level of anxiety among patients waiting for CABG. There was no significant difference between pre and post assessment among patients from non-experimental group.

Key Words: CABG, Nursing Education, Patients, Anxiety. Continuous...
VATS thoracoscopic decortication for empyema thoracic. A retrospective experience and analysis of 162 cases
Authors: Farhan Ahmad Majeed  , Sohail Saqib Chatha  , Usama Zafar  , Ahmad Ali  , Nabeela Farhan  , Ahmad Raza
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To analyse the experience of empyema thoracis management using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospitals, Rawalpindi and Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data of empyema thoracis cases who underwent thoracoscopic decortications by the same consultant surgeon between January 2009 and 2018. Uniportal or multiportal video-assisted thoracoscopic decortications was done. Histopathology and microbiological sampling were done in all cases.

Results: of the 162 cases, 114(70.4%) were done on males and 48(29.6%) on females. The overall mean age was 44±16.37 years. Three ports were utilised in 58(36%) patients. Hospital stay of 122(75.3%) patients was <5 days post-procedure. Post-thoracotomy neuralgia occurred in 19(11.7%) patients, while 9(5.5%) had surgical site infection. Overall complications were 30(18.5%). There was no mortality.

Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic decortications was found to be a safe, effective and efficient procedure.

Key Words: VATS, Decortication, Empyema thoracis. Continuous...
STIMULATING REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CASE FOR INFORMAL SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors: Ellis Ruel
Published: October 2020

The Purpose of this paper is to propose a collaborative model in support of the sustainable economic development of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean through the collaboration of The National Institute of Higher Education Research, Science and Technology and Tertiary Level Institutions (TLIs) in the Caribbean in an eco-system which outputs informal science education technologies. The methodology utilized in the development of this paper is mainly desk research of literature which link economic development to education. The findings suggest that the early introduction of students to science education impacts their choice and curricula, and a curricular which supports the knowledge economy is one which will foster economic sustainability in the modern world.
EXPERIENCES OF USING A SINGLE ASSESSMENT FOR BOTH PRACTICAL PROTOTYPING SKILLS AND INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY ENGINEERING
Authors: Bisnath Jorrel , Ramkhalawan Aneil , Cumberbatch Edward , Persad Prakash , Maharajh Aatma , Persadie Natalie , Bickramdass Ronnie , Soodeen Dinesh
Published: October 2020

Engineering students are often faced with many assessment points during a semester. One of the more common assessments in an engineering programme are group-based, design and build projects. These projects often require a disproportionate amount of time due to coordination between members and resources for acquiring materials. This study relates an attempt to reduce this burden by utilising a common project as an assessment point for two separate courses: Practical Prototyping Skills and Introduction to Energy Engineering. The challenges faced by instructors in creating a project that would adequately address their individual learning outcomes are presented, along with the students’ perspective on this approach. Student surveys indicated that there was a clear understanding of how the project related to both courses and that they had sufficient support for the project, while lecturers highlighted several positive outcomes such as more student emphasis on the project, a higher standard of project and collegial support in the design and administration of the project.
RETURNS TO FIELD OF STUDY IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Doon Roshnie
Published: October 2020

This study seeks to examine the impact that the field of study of workers in Trinidad and Tobago is likely to have on their earning capacity. Using individual persons’ data from the Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP), for the period 1991-2015, the returns of private and public sector workers were estimated by estimating a Mincerian Earnings function using the Quantile Regression technique. This study finds that men employed in low- and middle-income jobs for most fields (arts, humanities, science, engineering and architecture, social science, business, law, and mathematics and computer science and law enforcement) all suffered a wage decline in 2004-2015. This may be due to changes in the skill set where there was much growth in the industry demand for highly-skilled and unskilled men. This implies that middle income jobs which hire semi-skilled men, may be possibly becoming more polarized during the 2009-2015 recession. Men employed in high income jobs, earn better wages in more fields, particularly STEM areas. The earnings of women employed in low, middle- and high-income jobs for most fields, especially in the areas of STEM all improved in 2004-2015. This is likely to be the result of the rising participation of women in STEM fields, and a greater integration of STEM competencies in STEM and Non-STEM occupations.
Energía del viento para aerogeneración: Una experiencia exitosa
Authors: VÉRTIZ OSORES JACINTO JOAQUÍN , RAFAEL-RUTTE ROBERT , VÍLCHEZ OCHOA GUILLERMO , AQUIJE-DAPOZZO CARMEN LUISA , CUCHO FLORES ROBERT RICHARD
Published: October 2020

Se determinó la energía cinética del viento para aerogeneración como mecanismo de desarrollo limpio (MDL) en base de la velocidad y densidad local del viento durante seis turnos diarios durante tres meses. La velocidad del viento se midió con un anemómetro digital a 3m sobre el relieve terrestre. Se encontró que la energía cinética del viento osciló entre 28.2228252 a 123.48404 J, siendo significativamente menor sólo el mes de abril. No hubo diferencias entre los horarios diarios. Estos resultados representaron 497.79% a 2177.99% más que el límite mínimo de generación eléctrica (5.66964 J). Esto se constató con el cálculo de las densidades de potencia del viento: bruta, aprovechable, efectiva y, efectiva con paletas de nanotubos de carbono, encontrándose rangos de 842.21 a 1544.84 W/m2; 499.43 a 946.09 W/m2; 336.88 a 617.94 W/m2 y 438.00 a 803.30 W/m2 respectivamente, proyectadas a 10 y 50 m para los valores mínimos de velocidad de cada una. Concluyendo que la potencialidad eólica es suficiente para la micro y mediana aerogeneración y califican como MDL. Se recomienda diseñar el modelo matemático del comportamiento de la velocidad del viento relacionado con las alturas de registro para las condiciones climáticas y ambientales de la zona de estudio.
Elaboración de salsa de soya natural y la influencia de las enzimas en su producción
Authors: CORDOVA CORONADO PEGGY PAOLA , MONTOYA CÁRDENAS GUSTAVO ADOLFO
Published: October 2020

La salsa de soya se elabora mediante la fermentación de los granos de soya con trigo tostado por las enzimas, que son biocatalizadores. Para elaborar la salsa de soya, se mezcla la soya, el trigo y el Aspergillus oryzae para producir koji. Durante este tiempo se generan las enzimas catalíticas incluyendo la amilasa, que convierten el almidón en azucares simples; las proteasas, que hidroliza las proteínas a péptidos y aminoácidos; las celulasas, que degradan la celulosa a azucares y las lipasas produciendo ácidos grasos, precursores de los compuestos aromáticos. Elaborado el Koji, se mezcla con salmuera, denominada Moromi. El Moromi se fermenta en varias etapas, la primera es la transformación de los azucares (glucosa, manosa) a ácido láctico, luego se produce la fermentación alcohólica, en donde se crean los compuestos aromáticos característicos. Elaborar una salsa de soya natural, se emplea un cuidado proceso de por lo menos 180 días.
fechamento de escolas do campo no Brasil: da totalidade social a materialização das diretrizes neoliberais
Authors: Costa dos Santos Vanessa , Moraes Garcia Fátima
Published: October 2020

A escola/educação do campo deve ser destinada ao processo formativo pautado na construção de uma educação para todos os sujeitos e não somente a favor de uma classe. Com base nessa concepção, este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado e tem por objetivo revelar e compreender criticamente a política de fechamento de escolas do campo no Brasil, por meio de um processo histórico entre conquistas e retrocessos de políticas públicas para/na Educação do Campo. O ordenamento metodológico da pesquisa foi organizado por meio da abordagem qualitativa, com orientação no método do Materialismo Histórico Dialético, em que leis, resoluções, decretos, dados publicados em sites e órgãos oficiais sobre a educação do campo e o fechamento de escolas do campo no Brasil foram analisados e sistematizados. Concluímos que o fechamento de escolas do campo está baseado em um projeto de sociedade da e para a classe dominante, em que o Estado é cumplice por meio de seus arranjos políticos. Pelo oposto disto, defendemos uma escola do campo pautada na relação harmoniosa e justa com Terra como lugar de conhecimento, produção e sociabilidade humana.
Educação do campo: ocupar, resistir e produzir também na escola
Authors: Castro Paula Heloisa Vitória , Cervo Chelotti Marcelo
Published: October 2020

A Educação do Campo, com os princípios teóricos e pedagógicos que serão apresentados a partir da análise dos documentos do Setor de Educação e de produções acadêmicas do Movimento Por uma Educação do Campo, deve ser compreendida a partir do olhar do MST e da luta pela terra. Reconhecidamente foi dentro do movimento que se construíram os princípios que norteiam a Educação do Campo e a levam ao processo de institucionalização. Porém, não podemos negligenciar a pluralidade do campo material e teórico que se faz para além dos movimentos sociais, ao passo que reúne várias realidades e anseios diferentes. Diante do tamanho desse desafio, o objetivo desse texto é refletir sobre o caminho da educação pensada dentro dos movimentos sociais de luta pela terra, em consonância com os princípios que marcaram a trajetória da luta do movimento. Os caminhos trilhados desde 1992, com os primeiros ensaios sobre Educação dentro do Setor de Educação do MST, trouxeram um legado à formação de professores. As análises dos documentos do Setor de Educação do MST nortearam as reflexões deste trabalho. A pesquisa foi delineada por meio da pesquisa teórica e documental. As análises realizadas nos levam a reconhecer que foram rompidas as cercas da escola para se adentrar os muros das universidades. Não se fala somente em Educação para o Campo e sim em um projeto nacional de Educação do Campo, que vai da Educação Básica à Pós Graduação.
Formação de Professores na Licenciatura em Educação do Campo: diálogos e desafios com Florestan Fernandes
Authors: Pizetta Adelar
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo busca desenvolver uma reflexão acerca da formação de educadores do campo cotejando com elaborações do Patrono da Sociologia Brasileira, conectadas em âmbito educacional e social na dinâmica da luta de classes. Chama a atenção para a gravidade e complexidade do atual momento sócio-histórico que põe em risco o futuro da humanidade. Apoiado em elaborações de Florestan Fernandes, e a partir de uma concepção de formação, discute ideias fundantes nos processos de formação de educadores, dentre elas o rigor teórico, o vínculo com processos e organizações populares do campo e da cidade e a necessidade do desenvolvimento ético e moral em uma perspectiva de transformação social e individual. Ao final apresenta um conjunto de desafios como parte integrante dos processos de formação de educadores do campo que necessariamente terão que ser enfrentados por nossa práxis formativa. 

Palavras-Chaves: Formação de educadores. Educação do campo. Transformação social.
Filosofia da Educação: multiculturalismo e interculturalismo
Authors: Nosella Paolo
Published: October 2020

O texto, primeiramente, define e distingue os conceitos de multiculturalismo e de interculturalidade. Em seguida, relata situações de destruição das culturas e territórios “capixabas” (do estado do Espírito Santo/Brasil) pela ação de empresas multinacionais. Finalmente, ilustra a iniciativa educacional da Pedagogia da Alternância, didaticamente assentada na valorização das culturas locais. Nessas escolas ensina-se que é possível uma dialética diferente entre a cultura local e o saber globalizado. Tais escolas, atualmente, existem em 21 Estados da Federação.
Relationship of Work Engagement and Quality of Work Life with Nurses Performance in Installations of General Regional Hospital Makassar
Authors: Simarmata Rahel Novelin , Pasinringi Syahrir , Thamrin Yahya
Published: October 2020

Performance is the work result in quality and quantity achieved by employees in carrying out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to them. The role of reliable and professional employees is very helpful in improving organizational performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Work Engagement and Quality of Work Life with the Performance of Nurses in Inpatient Services in Makassar City Hospital. This type of research is a quantitative study using an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. Sampling using stratified random sampling so that the sample in this study were nurses in the inpatient installation of Makassar City Hospital, totaling 167 respondents. The results showed that there is a relationship between Work Engagement based on the Vigor dimension, the Dedication dimension, the absorption dimension, and the nurse's performance. There is a relationship between Quality of Work Life and the performance of nurses in Makassar City Hospital. It is recommended that hospital management keep paying attention to work engagement, especially the Vigor dimension in order to increase the morale of nurses. Leaders need to know what their employees need so that employees can work according to organizational expectations, one of which is by providing motivation. implementing a culture of health in the work environment so as to create a safe working atmosphere, developing career path plans for nurses, and internalizing the values of good work culture to maintain a sense of pride in the institution.
As narrativas didáticas sobre o bandeirante: entre a mitologia bandeirante e a crítica histórica
Authors: Gonçalves Andressa Da Silva , Coelho Mauro Cezar
Published: October 2020

Os livros didáticos disponibilizados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) se constituem hoje como um dos instrumentos mais importantes para alunos e professores nas escolas públicas brasileiras, não obstante, também são aglutinadores de diversas esferas de conhecimento, interessa-nos para esta reflexão o saber histórico e a memória. Neste trabalho, procuramos verificar como estes dois campos se inserem na literatura didática, especificamente em relação à temática das Entradas e Bandeiras. Percebemos nos livros analisados uma complexa relação entre o saber de referência e a memória histórica, dimensionados em distintas camadas narrativas esses saberes veiculam diferentes interpretações sobre o mesmo processo histórico. Esta constatação revela a complexidade cultural do livro didático, que conjuga em si ecos da memória bandeirante e extratos da historiografia contemporânea.
Patrimônio e ensino de história: cinco decisões do professor
Authors: De Oliveira Margarida Maria Dias , Freitas Itamar
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, problematizamos as preocupações de peritos e professores de História em torno dos objetos designados “patrimônio” e, mediante investigação bibliográfica, apresentamos teses da literatura especializada sobre cinco temas comuns em atividades de planejamento dos professores da escolarização básica: patrimônio e identidade; patrimônios nacionais e patrimônios da humanidade; virtualidade e fisicalidade do patrimônio; preservação e criação de memórias no interior das escolas; capacidades gerais ou capacidades disciplinares. Nosso objetivo imediato é apresentar cinco grupos de questões que podem servir como orientador do planejamento ou instrumento de avaliação de planos ou de ações que envolvem patrimônio e ensino de História.
Uma nova história geral didática para compreender o mundo e agir como cidadãos globais
Authors: Mattozzi Ivo
Published: October 2020

No ensaio defendo a necessidade de mudar o modelo de história geral a ser ensinada. Percebemos que a história, como disciplina escolar, corre o risco de se tornar irrelevante. As histórias que estamos vivendo como sujeitos ativos e as que sofremos exigem um conhecimento muito diferente daquele transmitido tradicionalmente pelos sistemas escolares e uma concepção diferente da história a ser ensinada. O sistema de conhecimento, proposto pelo livro didático, pertence ao gênero historiográfico denominado história geral. O tipo de história geral que foi transposta para os manuais é aquele elaborado a partir do século XVIII e que foi preferido durante o século XIX por historiadores e governantes a outros tipos de história geral, mesmo que tenham sido produzidos ou teorizados. É o tipo de história geral adotada no processo que torna canônica uma narrativa histórica projetada para fundamentar a identidade coletiva da nação por meio de uma narrativa eventográfica. A história geral eventográfica (evenementielle), que fragmenta os processos de transformação e justapõe de forma sequencial os segmentos factuais e cognitivos distribuindo-os espacialmente, mostrou-se completamente inadequada para produzir conhecimentos capazes de explicar a historicidade do mundo atual. Teremos que pensar primeiro nos modelos de história geral a partir dos quais escolher os modelos de origem, aqueles que melhor se prestam a serem transpostos para uma história geral didática. Não encontrei a história geral tratada como objeto de reflexão epistemológica e metodológica em nenhum dos livros mais conhecidos dentre aqueles dedicados ao método histórico. A exceção é a de Johann Gustav Droysen que, na sua Historik, considerou a história geral como o maior produto historiográfico disponível. Geralmente, a história geral tem sido considerada uma produção historiográfica de segunda ordem e modesta em relação às histórias particulares, monográficas e especializadas. Portanto, no artigo, reviso as propostas e realizações de modelos alternativos de história geral e reivindico sua relevância, sua originalidade historiográfica e sua eficácia educacional.
Evaluación del liderazgo directivo pedagógico y desempeño docente en el área de historia, geografía y economía. Caso: estudiantes de tercero, cuarto y quinto de secundaria de la institución educativa parroquial “Nuestra Señora del Rosario”
Authors: Carhuavilca Quispe Ynes Aurora , Díaz Manrique Jimmy
Published: October 2020

Uno de los problemas claves en la enseñanza aprendizaje de los estudiantes de Educación Básica Regular, es la perplejidad y alto índice de desconfianza que existe entre los docentes y sus autoridades directivas especialmente en lo pedagógico.

En esta investigación se demostró que la Evaluación del Liderazgo Directivo Pedagógico se relaciona con las Competencias Pedagógicas del docente de historia, geografía y economía del nivel secundario en la Institución Educativa Parroquial “Nuestra Señora del Rosario”. Independencia. UGEL N° 02. Lima 2018., ya que se mediante un p cuyo valor menor que 0.05 en el análisis estadístico, demuestra tal relación con un coeficiente de correlación, r = 0, 768 lo que representa una correlación de 76,8%. Y se relaciona a través de las competencias personales del docente historia, geografía y economía cuyo coeficiente de correlación, r = 0,593 que representa una correlación de 59,3%.

Las competencias desde la gestión institucional tiene un r = 0, 543 lo que representa una correlación de 54,3%. Las competencias de gestión comunicativa tiene una relación significativa cuyo r = 0, 638 lo que representa una correlación de 63,8%.

Es importante tomar en cuenta estas correlaciones a fin de disminuir esta brecha entre un liderazgo directivo pedagógico débil y las competencias que debe desarrollar el docente historia, geografía y economía.
The Effect of Benefits and Risks On E-procurement Implementation: An Exploratory Study of Swedish and Indian Firms
Authors: Parida Vinit , Sophonthummapharn Kittipong
Published: October 2020

E-procurement is constantly receiving lot of attention from industries, and government agencies. Analysts believe that utilization of e-procurement can lead to enormous cost saving and efficiency in procurement process. Though, e-procurement has benefited the global business tremendously, its expected growth rate has been moving downwards. The present study explores how the benefits and risks associated to e-procurement affect the e-procurement implementation. The differences and similarities among firms in different setting are also investigated. By using Swedish and Indian firms, the results show that cost benefit is the main driver for companies to implement e-procurement. The problems of implementation and integration of existing infrastructure are holding back companies from implementing e-procurement. But benefits are overpowering risks and companies are moving toward more aggressive strategic approach of implementing e-procurement. Finally, e-procurement is typically used for buying indirect material and the buyer side model is most dominated in industry.
Análisis bibliométrico de la participación estudiantil en publicaciones de artículos científicos en revistas de ciencias de la salud indizadas en SciELO Bolivia, periodo 2010-2016
Authors: Carvajal Tapia Aarón Eduardo , Carvajal Rodríguez Eduardo
Published: October 2020

Los estudios en relación a la participación estudiantil en revistas indizadas han sido y continúan siendo tema de estudio por su impacto como indicador de producción y esfuerzo científico de una región, considerando que muchos hitos históricos en medicina fueron por estudiantes.

Objetivos: determinar a través de un análisis bibliométrico la participación estudiantil en publicaciones de artículos científicos en revistas de ciencias de la salud indizadas en SciELO Bolivia en el periodo comprendido 2010 al 2016.

Métodos: estudio bibliométrico, transversal y descriptivo, basado en los registros de publicaciones de revistas de ciencias de la salud de periodicidad semestral indizadas en la base de datos de SciELO Bolivia, incluidos todos los artículos originales, artículos de revisión, casos clínicos, imágenes médicas y cartas al editor durante el periodo de estudio.

Resultados: de 471 artículos publicados por las revistas seleccionadas 168 artículos correspondieron a participación estudiantil (35,67%). La revista con mayor participación de estudiantes se sitúa en la Revista Científica Ciencia Médica con 126 publicaciones (75,00%), seguida de la Gaceta Médica Boliviana con 34 publicaciones (20,24%) ambas pertenecientes a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón y con menor participación de estudiantes la Revista Médica La Paz con 8 publicaciones (4,76%).

Conclusiones: existe escasa presencia de participación científica estudiantil en Bolivia, a excepción de la Revista Científica Ciencia Médica que da mayor cobertura a los estudiantes con un número importante de publicaciones, seguida de la Gaceta Médica Boliviana.
Feto papiráceo en embarazo gemelar a término obtenido por cesárea
Authors: Alegre Andrade Patricia , Toko Chavez Marcelo
Published: October 2020

El  feto papiráceo es un feto aplanado y momificado, sin cambios externos, se presenta en embarazo gemelar o múltiple, es de causa desconocida. Las causas de muerte ipueden ser fetales, ovulares y materna. Complicaciones: en la madre es coagulación intravascular diseminada y en el feto sobreviviente puede presentar Aplasia Cutánea Csongénita, disgenesia renal y atresia intestinal. Paciente de 42 años, con embarazo de 38 semanas, cesárea iterativa, diabetes gestacional no controlada, se realiza un manejo conservador con ecografías seriadas y control de laboratorio. Para la culminación del embarazo: cesárea bajo anestesia raquídea, recién nacido de sexo masculino, alumbramiento de placenta más feto papiráceo. En conclusión, manejo individual con control ecográfico seriado del feto sobreviviente, realizar ecografía Doppler, medir el volumen del líquido amniótico, perfil biofísico y control de los factores de riesgo modificables materno, para tomar una conducta optima y adecuada para la culminación del embarazo.
Técnica de membrana inducida en la reconstrucción de defectos óseos postraumáticos
Authors: Lara-Villca Renan , Undurraga-Carmona Norberto
Published: October 2020

La técnica de membrana inducida o Masquelet, es un procedimiento quirúrgico utilizado para tratar pseudoartrosis, osteomielitis difusa con grandes secuestros y defectos óseos.

Objetivos: evaluar los resultados obtenidos con la técnica de Membrana inducida en el tratamiento quirúrgico de defectos óseos postraumático.

Métodos: estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, tipo serie de casos: se reportaron cinco casos de defectos óseos postraumáticos tratados en el Hospital Clínico Viedma, desde enero de 2016 a diciembre del 2017, mediante reconstrucción en dos etapas. En la primera se indujo la formación de membrana con un espaciador de cemento óseo impregnado con antibiótico. En la segunda se reemplazó el espaciador por injerto óseo. Se evaluó el tiempo de consolidación, resultado funcional y se registraron las complicaciones.

Resultados: se incluyeron cinco pacientes (cuatro varones y una mujer), con edad promedio de 31 años (rango: 16-54). Dos casos fueron en la tibia, un caso en el fémur, uno en el astrágalo y uno en el cúbito. Tres de los defectos óseos fueron en longitud mayor o igual a 50 mm, con un promedio de 64 mm; tres de los casos tenían cultivos positivos al inicio del tratamiento y cuatro presentaron consolidación, con un único aporte de injerto óseo. El tiempo promedio para la consolidación fue ocho meses. Un caso presentó persistencia de infección.

Conclusiones: representa una buena alternativa en el manejo de defectos óseos segmentarios, con tasas adecuadas de consolidación, bajas complicaciones, tolerable por el paciente y reproducible en los hospitales de nuestro medio.
Disruptive Technologies and Impact on Industry- An Exploration
Authors: Kumar Arvind
Published: October 2020

Disruptive technologies changed the way of doing business activities in our day to day life. It increased the business opportunities by using the internet. Today, these technologies have deeply penetrated different industries and their sub-sectors. Disruptive technology is the bunch of technologies which changed the way of life as well as it becomes the important part of all sectors of industry. Due to this lots of small-scale industries also grown up and got some new business opportunities along with new business market. Disruptive technologies increased the domain of customers which is much familiar with technologies and preferring it for other purposes also including business activities. In this paper we are going to discuss about the impact of disruptive technologies in different sectors of industry and how was that industry working or dealing before the innovation of the disruptive technologies.
Impact of Macro Economic Indicators affecting Indian Stock Markets: Evidence from Pre- and Post-Crisis
Authors: Kaur Sandeepa
Published: October 2020

Volatility is quite evident in stock market fluctuations and often economic factors results in share prices movements. However, there are some fundamental elements, which have a strong impact over the fluctuations of the stock market by and large. This study empirically tested the interconnection between macro-economic factors and Indian stock market. By applying multivariate regression analysis, the effect of macro-economic factors on Indian stock market is tested. The explanatory variables are Wholesale Price Index (WPI), Index of Industrial Production (IIP), Money Supply (M3), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Exchange Rate (ER), Call Money Rate (CMR), Gold Price (GP), Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) and Trade Balance (TB) while explained factors are average monthly closing prices of BSE Sensex and S&P Nifty. Further, for testing the interconnection between macro-economic factors and Indian stock market Pearson's correlation, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression test have been applied. Three variables namely Economy Rates, Macro Environment and Foreign Investment are obtained by using Principal Component Technique (varimax pivot). It shows that all elements play critical role in affecting the stock market.
Differentiation of Mathematics Examination at Two Levels for Higher Secondary CBSE Students in India: Study on Students’ Satisfaction and Subject Related Perception
Authors: Mahajan Navita , Garg Seema
Published: October 2020

The Central Board of Secondary Examination announced that Class 10 students will have two levels of mathematics papers from 2020.The name suggested for the two examinations will be Maths- Standard which will be same kind of existing  level of examination, and Maths - Basic, the standard that has been designed easier as compared Standard level. No proposed change in syllabus has been suggested, class room deliverables and internal assessment for both the levels of examination would remain the same. The standard level has been designed for the students who desire to pursue with mathematics at higher levels, while the basic level would be for the students who want to drop Mathematics after class ten and pursue other streams of Subjects. This study aims to find the satisfaction level of students with this format adopted for Mathematics and their attitude towards other subjects. The students were found to quite satisfy with the regulating so as teachers and parents. The satisfaction level was found to be quite high among all stake holders as this was found to be facilitating students in their interest areas for pursuing higher studies rather them making them burdened and stressed during Higher Secondary struggling with Mathematics. Not only this, the regulation also gave a greater clarity among students, if they were interested to pursue their higher studies with this or related subjects.
Escuela Hogar en Morella. Construir un lugar, trazar el movimiento, registrar el tiempo
Authors: García-Escudero Daniel , Bardí Milà Berta
Published: October 2020

La escuela hogar en Morella es una de las obras que sintetiza de manera más precisa los intereses, recursos y aspiraciones de la arquitectura de Carme Pinós y Enric Miralles, junto al cementerio de Igualada. Como gran parte de sus primeros proyectos, se prolonga en el tiempo y sufre un dilatado proceso de construcción, que finaliza con la dirección de obra en solitario de Carme Pinós. En la escuela se plantean los sistemas geométricos y materiales que más los caracterizó. Se combina artesanía y una construcción húmeda tradicional, con recursos plásticos propios de las vanguardias de principios del siglo XX. Asimismo, la utilización del hormigón armado, tanto in situ como en piezas prefabricadas de pequeño formato, les permitió afinar las soluciones particulares en el marco de un conjunto cohesionado de geometría triangular y desarrollo escalonado, que resigue el desnivel del solar, valora las vistas y formaliza un camino zigzagueante que desdibuja las categorías de interior y exterior. En definitiva, se formula un espacio público abierto al paisaje y atento al paso del tiempo, junto al cual sus materiales se transforman y evolucionan.
Niñez y migración: comentarios a la propuesta de reforma legal en Chile
Authors: Yáñez Espinoza Manuel
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el proyecto de ley de migración y extranjería, actualmente en tramitación en el Congreso Nacional de la República de Chile, respecto de aquellas materias que inciden en el tratamiento y protección de la niñez migrante y formular criticas y propuestas desde el enfoque de derechos respectivo, y en tanto niñez migrante, desde la protección especial que requieren como sujetos vulnerables.
Post-Mortem Pedagogy: A Brief History of the Practice of Anatomical Dissection
Authors:   Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Brenna Connor T.A.
Published: October 2020

Anatomical dissection is almost ubiquitous in modern medical education, masking a complex history of its practice. Dissection with the express purpose of understanding human anatomy began more than two millennia ago with Herophilus, but was soon after disavowed in the third century BCE. Historical evidence suggests that this position was based on common beliefs that the body must remain whole after death in order to access the afterlife. Anatomical dissection did not resume for almost 1500 years, and in the interim anatomical knowledge was dominated by (often flawed) reports generated through the comparative dissection of animals. When a growing recognition of the utility of anatomical knowledge in clinical medicine ushered human dissection back into vogue, it recommenced in a limited setting almost exclusively allowing for dissection of the bodies of convicted criminals. Ultimately, the ethical problems that this fostered, as well as the increasing demand from medical education for greater volumes of human dissection, shaped new considerations of the body after death. Presently, body bequeathal programs are a popular way in which individuals offer their bodies to medical education after death, suggesting that the once widespread views of dissection as punishment have largely dissipated.
The Nature of Islamic Banking and Solvency Stress Testing - Conceptual Considerations
Authors: Jobst Andreas A. , Sole Juan
Published: October 2020

This paper provides a conceptual overview of key aspects of the design and implementation of solvency stress testing of Islamic banks. Based on existing regulatory standards and prudential practice, the paper explains how Islamic finance principles and their impact on various risk drivers affect the capital assessment of asset-oriented financial intermediation under stress. The formal specification of these risk factors helps operationalize and integrate the stress testing of Islamic banks within established frameworks for financial stability analysis.
Managing Macrofinancial Risk
Authors: Adrian Tobias , Vitek Francis
Published: October 2020

We augment a linearized dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with a tractable endogenous risk mechanism, to support the joint analysis of monetary and macroprudential policy. This state dependent conditional heteroskedasticity mechanism specifies the conditional variances of structural shocks as functions of the business or financial cycle. The resultant heteroskedastic linearized DSGE model preserves the satisfactory simulation and forecasting performance of its nested homoskedastic counterpart for the conditional means of endogenous variables, while substantially improving its goodness of fit to their conditional distributions. In particular, the model matches the key stylized facts of growth at risk. Accounting for state dependent conditional heteroskedasticity makes it optimal for monetary policy to respond more aggressively to the business cycle, and for macroprudential policy to manage the resilience of the banking sector more actively over the financial cycle.
Reducing Risk While Sharing It
Authors: Batini Nicoletta , Lamperti Francesco , Roventini Andrea
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 lockdowns have brought about the need of large fiscal responses in all European countries. However, countries across Europe are differently equipped to respond to the shock due to differences in economic conditions and fiscal space. We build on the model by Berger et al. (2019) to compare gains from alternative mechanisms of EU fiscal integration in the presence of moral hazard. We show that any EU response strategy to the COVID-19 crisis excluding mutual financial support to member countries lacks credibility. Some form of fiscal risk sharing is indeed better than none, especially in presence of increasing sovereign default risk of some EU member countries. The moral hazard created by risk sharing can be hedged by introducing some form of fiscal delegation to Brussels. The desirable level of delegation, however, depends on its costs. When these are low, risk sharing and delegation are substitutes and it is optimal to opt for high delegation and low risk sharing. On the contrary, when delegation costs are high, centralization and risk sharing are complements and both are needed. Proposed arrangements at the EU level in response to the COVID-19 shock seem to reflect these basic insights by rotating around a combination of fiscal risk sharing and delegation in the form of fiscal spending conditionality.
Do Multi-Sector Bond Funds Pose Risks to Emerging Markets?
Authors: Cortes Fabio , Sanfilippo Luca
Published: October 2020

Emerging economies in the post-crisis period increasingly saw portfolio debt inflows from a type of large international investment fund: Multi-Sector Bond Funds (MSBFs). These investors have lacked adequate representation in the literature. This paper constructs a new detailed database from micro-level MSBF emerging market (EM) holdings from 2009:Q4–2018:Q2. Exploiting this data, the paper assesses the risks they pose to the financial stability of specific emerging bond markets. The data shows that MSBFs are highly concentrated–both in their positions and their decision-making. The empirical results further suggest that MSBFs exhibit opportunistic behavior (and more so than other investment funds). In periods of high risk aversion, large MSBF portfolio reallocations out of EMs can be associated with underperformance of the same markets, signaling the importance of monitoring their footprint and better understanding their asset allocation decisions.
Financial Intermediation and Technology
Authors: Boot Arnoud , Hoffmann Peter , Laeven Luc , Ratnovski Lev
Published: October 2020

We study the effects of technological change on financial intermediation, distinguishing between innovations in information (data collection and processing) and communication (relationships and distribution). Both follow historic trends towards an increased use of hard information and less in-person interaction, which are accelerating rapidly. We point to more recent innovations, such as the combination of data abundance and artificial intelligence, and the rise of digital platforms. We argue that in particular the rise of new communication channels can lead to the vertical and horizontal disintegration of the traditional bank business model. Specialized providers of financial services can chip away activities that do not rely on access to balance sheets, while platforms can interject themselves between banks and customers. We discuss limitations to these challenges, and the resulting policy implications.
Mitigating Long-term Unemployment in Europe
Authors: Suphaphiphat Nujin , Miyamoto Hiroaki
Published: October 2020

While unemployment rates in Europe declined after the global financial crisis until 2018/19, the incidence of long-term unemployment, the share of people who have been unemployed for more than one year to the total unemployed, remained high. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic could aggravate the long-term unemployment. This paper explores factors associated with long-term unemployment in European countries, using panel of 25 European countries over the period 2000–18. We find that skill mismatches, labor market matching efficiency, and labor market policies are associated with the incidence of long-term unemployment. Among different types of active labor market policies, training and start-up incentives are found to be effective in reducing long-term unemployment.
Stress Testing and Calibration of Macroprudential Policy Tools
Authors: Gornicka Lucyna , Valderrama Laura
Published: October 2020

We present a semi-structural model of default risk, which is a function of loan and borrower characteristics, economic conditions, and the regulatory environment. We use this model to simulate bank credit losses for stress-testing purposes and to calibrate borrower-based macroprudential tools. The proposed approach is very flexible and is particularly useful when there is limited history of crisis episodes, when crises bring unanticipated shocks where past tail events offer little guidance and when structural shocks or changes in financial regulations have altered the loan default process. We apply the model to quantify mortgage lending risk in two distinct mortgage markets. For each application, we show a range of modeling adjustments that can be made to capture country-specific institutional features. The model uses bank portfolio data broken down by risk bucket and vintage, which enables us to take explicit account of the loan life cycle and to incorporate the housing and economic cycles. This feature facilitates a timely assessment of banks’ loss-absorbing capacity and the buildup of systemic risk conditional on policy. It also enables counterfactual analysis and the evaluation of macroprudential policy interventions.
In the Eye of the Storm Firms and Capital Destruction in India
Authors: Pelli Martino , Tschopp Jeanne , Bezmaternykh Natalia , Eklou Kodjovi
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the response of firms to capital destruction, using a new measure of firm
exposure to tropical storms as a negative exogenous shock on firms’ capital stock. Drawing on a
panel of Indian manufacturing firms between 1995 and 2006, we establish that, depending on their
strength, storms destroy up to 75.3% of the fixed assets of the median firm (in terms of its
productivity and industry performance). We quantify the response of firm sales within and across
industries and find effects akin to Schumpeterian creative destruction, where surviving firms build
back better. Within an industry, the sales of less productive firms decrease disproportionately
more, while across industries capital destruction leads to a shift in sales towards more performing
industries. This build-back better effect is driven by firms active in multiple industries and, to a
large extent, by shifts in the firm-level production mix within a firm’s active set of industries.
Finally, while there is no evidence that firms adjust by investing in new industry lines, firms tend
to abandon production in industries that exhibit lower comparative advantage.
Tackling Private Over-Indebtedness in Asia
Authors: Garrido José , Nadeem Sanaa , Riad Nagwa , Rosha Anjum , DeLong Chanda , Rendak Nadia
Published: October 2020

One consequence of interest rates remaining “too low for too long” since the Global Financial Crisis is the buildup in private leverage in emerging economies. These vulnerabilities have been laid bare by the COVID-19 shock. This paper employs the growth at risk framework (Adrian, Boyarchenko, and Giannone, 2019) to examine how different types of private leverage present risks to future GDP growth in Asian economies. We find evidence that private leverage can boost GDP growth in the near term, but can increase the risks of low growth over the medium term. For our sample, we also find that household debt poses a larger drag on future GDP growth than corporate debt. In the second part of the paper, we provide an overview of a strategy for prevention and resolution of over-indebtedness, with a focus on legal tools, and with considerations to account for the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a novel cross-country survey, we examine the role of legal techniques to prevent and treat corporate and household over-indebtedness, benchmarking those in ASEAN-5, China, India, Japan and Korea against international best practice. The analysis can inform a country-specific prioritized approach to strengthening legal frameworks.
Strengthening Public Investment Management in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
Authors: Mitchell A. E. Wayne , Wickham Ann Marie , Rosales Torres Manuel
Published: October 2020

The quality and stock of infrastructure vary widely across countries of the Eastern Carribbean Currency Union and are inadequate to achieve the desired higher growth and social development. Given relatively low investment rates in the region, one solution is to invest more. However this paper shows that governments can also narrow their infrastructure and service gaps significantly by improving expenditure efficiency and strengthening public investment management systems.
Tunisia Monetary Policy Since the Arab Spring
Authors: End Nicolas , El Hamiani Khatat Mariam , Kolsi Rym
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we argue that inflation targeting could be the future of Tunisia’s monetary policy. Monetary targeting has proven to be ineffective due to the composition of reserve money, structural liquidity deficit, and higher instability of the money multiplier after 2010. Exchange rate targeting is no longer feasible due to the level of international reserves, current account deficit, and inflation differentials with main trading partners. The Central Bank of Tunisia has already made important progress toward inflation targeting. The paper evidences the existence of increasingly effective interest rate transmission as well as the changing exchange rate passthrough to inflation with the gradual move toward further exchange rate flexibility.
Republic of Serbia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: October 2020

Recent economic developments. Notwithstanding a sizeable policy response, the COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant adverse impact on Serbia’s economic activity, with output in 2020 projected to contract by 3 percent, compared to a
4 percent increase expected prior to the COVID-19 shock. The shock is affecting the economy through lower external demand, weaker foreign direct investment and remittances, disruptions in regional and global supply chains, and domestic supply constraints. The government took strong actions to contain the pandemic at an early stage, but the number of infections accelerated again towards end-June. As a result, some containment measures have been re-introduced.
Offshore Currency Markets
Authors: Schmittmann Jochen M. , Teng Chua Han
Published: October 2020

Non-deliverable forward (NDF) markets in many Asian emerging market currencies are large, rapidly growing, and often exceed onshore markets in transaction volume. NDFs tend to price significant depreciation during market stress episodes including COVID-19. Spillovers from NDFs to onshore markets are a policymaker concern. Our analysis shows that influences tend to run both ways after controlling for differences in timezones between markets. For the COVID-19 pandemic there is some evidence of NDFs leading onshore markets for a few currencies. Policy approaches to NDFs vary widely across Asia from close integration with onshore markets to severe restrictions on NDF trading.