bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the altimetry-based water levels from Sentinel-3A and B in the Inner Niger Delta
Authors: Diepkilé Adama Telly , Egon Flavien , Blarel Fabien , Mougin Eric , Frappart Frédéric
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The comprehension of water level fluctuations and the
sustainability of the Inner Niger River Delta (IND) is a major concern for
the scientific community, but also for the local population. Located in the
centre of Mali, the heart of the Sahel, the delta is characterised by a
floodable area of more than 32 000 km2 during the rainy season, which
contributes very strongly to the vitality of local ecosystem, and is
consequently classified as a Ramsar site under the international Convention
for Wetlands. In addition, the Delta acts as an environmental and
socio-economic development barometer for the entire sub-region. Nowadays, we
can observe an increasing fragility of the delta due to climate change,
desertification and human activities, and justifies the need for permanent
monitoring. The present study is based on the recent successes of radar
altimetry, originally designed to monitor the dynamics topography of the
ocean, and now very frequently used to retrieve inland water levels, of
lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Previous studies evaluated the performances of
several radar altimetry missions including Low Resolution Mode (LRM)
(Topex-Poseidon, Jason-1/2/3, ERS-2, ENVISAT, and SARAL, and Synthetic
Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-3A missions for water level retrievals over
1992–2017. More than 50 times series of water levels were build at the
crossing between water bodies and Sentinel-3A and 3B over 2016–2020.
Twenty-four comparisons between in-situ and altimetry-based time-series of
water levels were achieved over the IND. RMSE generally lower than 0.7 m and
r higher than 0.9 were obtained.
Assessment of hydrological factors affecting shallow groundwater chemistry in the most urbanized area of the coastal sedimentary basin of Togo
Authors: Akpataku Kossitse Venyo , Gnazou Masamaeya D. T. , Agbefu Nomesi Yao Tse , Nambo Phintè , Doni Komi , Bawa Limam Moctar , Djaneye-Boundjou Gbandi
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The project to reduce environmental and health risks related to the activity of boreholes water sellers in Lomé (in French PRRESAF) was implemented to contribute to the guarantee of public health. One of its objectives is to improve the hydrological understanding of the shallow Continental Terminal (CT) aquifer tapped by water sellers. It is a vital water resource in the coastal sedimentary extending from Ghana to Nigeria. The results
presented here are part of this project and aim at assessing the
hydrological factors controlling CT groundwater quality and chemistry using
principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and
GIS. High-resolution sampling campaigns for major ions water quality
analyses were performed to improve the accuracy of factors assessment. The
results showed that groundwater is predominantly acidic with varying degrees
of mineralization ranging from very soft to brackish waters. The integration of multivariate results to GIS allows classifying samples into five main groups. They revealed the probable recharge and discharge areas, associated hydrochemical evolution along flow paths, and areas under the high impact of land-use dynamics, wastewaters/sewage infiltration, and interactions with surface water systems. This study appears useful for managing boreholes' water sellers' activity relative to the integrity of groundwater resources and public health.
Assessment of Drinking Waters Quality Collected from Boreholes in Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD)
Authors: Adebanjo Adeshina S.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The quality of drinking water is dependent of its
source(s) and means of collection. The water available for drinking in the
study area is accessible through groundwater exploration. This research was
carried out to determine the quality of water from the selected boreholes
within the university and checked by the World Health Organization (WHO)
drinking water standards for the various parameters considered. Samples were
gotten from seven (7) of the sited boreholes and various physico-chemical
parameter tests such as turbidity test, conductivity test, pH test, copper
test, manganese test, chloride test, sulphate test, chromium test, nitrate
test and cadmium test and bacteriological tests as total plate count, total
coliform count and faecal coliform count were carried out following due
procedure, precautions and the results analyzed. The results show that most
samples were satisfactory for the tests carried out while only two (samples
from Behind Admin and Engineering) were unsatisfactory in turbidity while
one sample (sample from Back of College 2) was unsatisfactory in the cadmium
test. WQI showed that the water samples had excellent qualities except for
that from Back of College 2 which had poor quality and is unsuitable
consumption.
Social Stigma towards Health Care Workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A Hospital based Cross- Sectional Study in Kolkata
Authors: Saha Ripan , Shukla Vineeta , Mishra Ankita , Mukherjee Meghna , Basu Mausumi , Misra Raghunath
Published: November 2021

Introduction: With the rise of COVID-19 pandemic, the health staffs have faced resistance and disrespect by the society. They have been stigmatised unnecessarily that has been resulted from fear and poor knowledge of general population regarding spread of COVID-19 infection. Objective: To estimate the proportion of health care workers whoexperienced social stigma during COVID 19 pandemic and to determine the association of social stigma with their socio-demographic and other background characteristics. Method: A descriptive type of observational study, cross-sectional in design was carried out amonghealth care workers(HCWs) of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkataduring the COVID-19 lockdown period (19th May 2020– 20th July 2020) using a pre-designed, pre-tested, structured schedule. By simple random sampling, 422 HCWs were selected and 410 of them had given consent to participate in this study. MS Excel 2010 and SPSS v20.0 were used for data entry and binary logistic regression. Results: About 52.68 % had experienced ‘Significant Social Stigma’, 32.92% experienced ‘Insignificant Social Stigma’ and only 14.39% had ‘no stigma’. Age groups of 25-40years and mode of transport by hospital vehicle had significant association with social stigma.Conclusion: More than half of the study population experienced “Significant Social Stigma”. The HCWs who were travelling by hospital vehicles from home to attend their duties and HCWs of younger age group were stigmatised in different ways.
Vaccination against COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Lactation : An Overview
Authors: Yadav Sudha
Published: November 2021

Pandemic of SARS2- COVID 19 has caused disastrous impact globally in terms of sickness, deaths, and overburden on heath infrastructure, employment, economy and psychological health. All countries are affected, to greater or lesser degree; be it from developed, developing or under-developed region. Pregnancy has been identified as one of the risk factor for severe COVID 19 illness by CDC. About two-thirds of women who test positive for COVID 19 have no symptoms. But the data suggest that symptomatic pregnant patient with COVID 19 are at increased risk of more severe illness as well as have increased risk for ICU admission, ventilator support and deaths in comparison to their symptomatic non-pregnant peers Pregnant patients with co-morbidities such as obesity and diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and asthma are further at higher risk of getting serious illness .Pregnant woman’s Age above 35 years and pregnancy above 28 weeks makes women more at risk of severe COVID illness. Stillbirths and pre-term births are twice high in pregnant women with COVID -19 sickness as compared to pregnant women without COVID-19 infection. Ethnicity has also been found to affect the severity of COVID 19 illness. It has been found that Black and Hispanic pregnant women had disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 infection and death Further risk of ICU admission were higher in pregnant Asian, and Native Hawaiian /Pacific Islander women.
Autodescoberta e alteridade em Um quarto com vista e Maurice, de E. M. Forster
Authors: Souza José Ailson Lemos de
Published: November 2021

Um Quarto com Vista (1908/2006) e Maurice (1913/2006), de E. M. Forster, são romances que tematizam a aprendizagem e a tomada de consciência sobre a problemática em torno das codificações de gênero e sexo na Inglaterra eduardiana. O artigo objetiva analisar essas narrativas com destaque para a aprendizagem sobre si em Um Quarto com Vista (2006), e o processo de alteridade social como dispositivo de emancipação sexual em Maurice (2006), com base em discussões presentes em Mulvey (1989), Boes (2006), Kirsch (2015) e Butler (2015). É a partir da conscientização sobre os limites impostos pelo entrelaçamento de categorias como gênero e classe social que os personagens agem para inserir os próprios termos em suas trajetórias.
Do outro lado do espelho
Authors: Felipe Marcos Aurélio
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho analisa a história da ONG Vídeo nas Aldeias (VNA) no contexto do giro etnocinematográfico do documentário contemporâneo e no marco da dimensão formativa determinante das cinematografias indígenas. Existe uma linguagem no cinema dos povos originários diferente da linguagem canônica? Quais os limites entre sujeito-objeto na produção audiovisual do VNA? A ideia de coletivos de cineastas indígenas se sobrepõe às autorias individuais? Conclui-se sobre a importância da análise imanente e contextual, aliada à problematização do mundo nas imagens e, ao mesmo tempo, de um mundo imagético, mediatizado, fílmico, no qual entra em cena o embate entre as convenções e as contranarrativas fílmicas e a problemática do lugar do Outro na produção de imagens.
Prematurity and Language Developmental Outcomes in Preschool Age
Authors: Ivanashvili Tamta
Published: November 2021

Global progress in child survival and health cannot be achieved without addressing preterm birth, because every year an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm. Over 1 million children die each year due to complications of preterm birth. Complications highly associated with prematurity include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system, as well as longer-term motor, cognitive, behavioral, social-emotional, health, growth and language problems. The aim of the study was assessment of language skills at school aged children born premature and identification of risk factors affecting language development outcomes. Case-control retrospective study was conducted in Child Developmental Center of M. Iashvili Children’s Central Hospital (Georgia, Tbilisi).We evaluate language skills in 72+3 months old children (n=134). Children were divided into study (n=80) and control (n=54) groups. Groups were homogenous based on child age, gender, maternal health, maternal education, household income, family structure. Statistical analysis was based on SPSS 20. The difference in language development assessment among the full-term and late preterm children shows low correlation and is not significant (Cramer’s V is 0,118; Pearson Chi-square data 0,098 (p>0,05). While the language assessment data in early and moderate preterm group compared to term infants show significant difference (Cramer’s V is 0,354, Pearson Chi-square data 0,004). Statistical analysis show medium correlation, value (p<0,05), which tell us, that language development is a significantly associated with gestational age. So, small gestational age is correlated with language development problems. Early detection of minimal delays and starting early intervention services can improve developmental outcomes of preterm children. High-quality and stable child care is important for all infants, but especially to those who may be at risk of prematurity.
История научных исследований в каноническом праве в России в XVIII – начале XX века
Authors: Баган Владислав Владимирович
Published: November 2021

Представлен обзор истории научных исследований в каноническом праве в Российской Империи в период кон. XVIII – нач. XX вв. Преподавание церковного права в российских духовных и светских учебных заведениях имело своим последствием появление всё новых и всё более многочисленных научных трудов по этому предмету. Автор анализирует развитие методов, подходов, ведущих направлений дисциплины «каноническое право». Историю научных исследований канонического права в России можно разделить на несколько этапов. В первый, узко богословский период (конец XVIII в. – 50-е гг. XIX в.) каноническое право формировалась исследователями духовного направления. В 60-х гг. XIX в. произошло смещение церковноправовых исследований из сферы богословия в область юриспруденции. Это связано с активным изучением дисциплины канонического права светскими юристами. Автор фиксирует изменение тематических приоритетов и ведущих исследовательских областей в процессе развития научной дисциплины «церковное право» в Российской Империи в ХIХ в.
Verrucous carcinoma of vulva associated with lichen sclerosus and condyloma: case report
Authors: Ribeiro Victor Hugo , Antas Neves Nilma
Published: November 2021

Vulvar Verrucous Carcinoma (VVC) is a rare lesion, with few described cases. It has low metastatic potential with high morbidity due to the necessity of extensive resections, although. Previously, VVC was considered a synonym to the Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor (BLT) or Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (GCA). Lichen Sclerosus (LS) is associated with Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN) and Vulvar Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC); association with VVC is also described. The case of a 60-year-old menopausal woman is reported; she had chronic itching and an extensive verrucous lesion in vulva, initially diagnosed and treated as condyloma acuminatum; there was recurrence as verrucous carcinoma associated to LS. Excision with margins was performed and clobetasol and imiquimod were used. Patient had complete remission with no further recurrences. Distinction between VVC and BLT can be difficult; current literature considers them different entities. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the presence of LS play a controversial role in these injuries.
Znanstvena i filozofska ortodoksija i heterodoksija liječnika dr. Karla Marchesija (I)
Authors: Kožnjak Boris
Published: November 2021

U članku razmatram život i rad u domaćoj historiografiji posve zanemarenog no u svoje vrijeme uglednog zagrebačkog liječnika dr. Karla Marchesija, koji je tijekom 1920-ih i 1930-ih godina u domovini, a zatim i u Sjedinjenim Državama, gdje emigrira 1950. godine i ostaje do svoje smrti, ostvario zavidnu 'ortodoksnu' liječničku karijeru interniste i pionira medicinske hipnoze, ali također i onu 'heterodoksnu', kao jedan od obnovitelja i glavnih protagonista spiritističkog pokreta te lidera parapsiholoških istraživanja u Hrvatskoj, a nakon toga u Sjedinjenim Državama i kao suradnik Josepha Banksa Rhinea na Parapsihološkom laboratoriju pri Sveučilištu Duke, s kojim je uspostavio suradnju iz domovine još 1938. godine. Članak je je podijeljen u dva dijela, a u ovom prvom dijelu ponajprije se rekonstruira bogat životopis dr. Karla Marchesija, a zatim njegova uloga u kontekstu spiritističkog pokreta u Hrvatskoj tijekom 1930-ih. Pri ovoj raščlambi, posebna se pažnja posvećuje širem socijalno-historijskom kontekstu geneze i razvoja spiritističkih pokreta i stremljenja poglavito na tlu Hrvatske, kojih je dr. Marchesi bio tipični egzemplar, što je samo po sebi historiografski, povijesno-znanstveno, filozofski i teološki također u nas gotovo pa posve nepokriveno. U drugom, sljedujućem dijelu članka razmotrit će se 'heterodoksni' rad dr. Marchesija u parapsihologiji te hipnotizmu, gdje je ovo potonje vremenom iz kontroverznog preraslo u legitimnu znanstvenu disciplinu medicinske hipnoze, u kojoj će dr. Marchesi ostaviti zapaženog traga na svjetskoj razini. Također, u drugom dijelu rada reflektirat će se općenito odnos 'ortodoksnog' i heterodoksnog', 'znanosti i pseudoznanosti' u svjetlu relevantnih spoznaja moderne povijesti i filozofije znanosti, nasuprot nekim uvriježenim, ali pogrešnim narativima o ovom odnosu.
Ostruzioni nasali e russamento: da tre casi insoliti una lezione per il pediatra
Authors: Masetti Riccardo , Leardini Davide , Ronchini Laura , Riolo Serena , Guida Fiorentina , Bacelli Francesco , Cerasi Sara , Papaleo Teresa , Bertelli Luca , Pession Andrea
Published: November 2021

Nasal obstruction with or without snoring is a frequent condition and, as such, it is easily disregarded by paediatricians and by parents as well. The paper describes three “unforgettable” clinical cases that must be a warning to investigate and not to underestimate those atypical and/or characteristic aspects, such as the nasal obstruction that rapidly becomes severe. Such aspects must induce to deepen investigations to exclude much more rare pathologies that if not promptly diagnosed would have serious prognostic repercussions on the child. Surely, the first alarm signal is time (recent onset and/or snoring that rapidly becomes severe), with worsening of symptoms. Surely, lymphadenopathy is another alarm signal, especially when bilateral and large. Furthermore, the onset of epistasis associated with oral cavity bleeding must not be underestimated.
Hvordan barn lærer språk: en sammenligning mellom ordstilling i engelsk og norsk
Authors: Westergaard Marit
Published: November 2021

Lærer barn språk ved å analysere syntaktiske strukturer eller imiterer de bare frekvente ordkombinasjoner i input? Denne artikkelen sammenligner forskjellige språklæringsmodeller i forhold til barns tilegnelse av et bestemt syntaktisk fenomen, ordstilling i hv-spørsmål, der både engelsk og norsk krever såkalt inversjon. Dette er et komplekst system, som forutsetter at man gjør detaljerte distinksjoner mellom f.eks. setningstyper eller verbklasser. Nyere forskning viser at barn stort sett produserer grammatisk ordstilling så snart de ytrer sine første spørsmål, med unntak av én type feil som oppstår hos enkelte barn. I artikkelen brukes disse resultatene til å understøtte en modell som argumenterer for at barn lærer syntaktiske strukturer ved å legge merke til spesifikke spor (micro-cues) i det språket som omgir dem. Disse sporene hindrer barn i å overgeneralisere ordstilling til andre kontekster, og modellen kan dermed også brukes til å forklare den feiltypen som av og til forekommer i barnespråk.
Frequency of Cervical Cancer in Women Attending Gynae OPD with Complaint of Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Authors: Shah Mahwish , Hira Aruna Kumari , Naz Urooj , . Sheena , Shahmir Sana , Younus Mehwish , Rasheed Anam
Published: November 2021

Aim: Frequency of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study, done at Department of Obs &Gynae, JPMC, Karachi Duration of study: Six months from 01-11-2014 to 30-04-2015 Total 73 patients of age 18-45 years, having history of abnormal vaginal bleeding > 3 menstrual cycles were selected. Pregnant woman, abortion within last 6 months, age >45 years, fibroid/ tumors/ polyps, PID, gonorrhea, or Chlamydia patients were excluded. Chi-square was used as test of significance with a P value <0.05 taken as significant. Results: Mean ± SD age was 38.12 ± 4.33 years. Mean ± SD parity was 2.21 ± 1.67 children (Range: 0-5). Mean ± SD duration of presenting symptoms was 7.45 ± 2.81 months (Range 3-11). About one fifth of patients (i.e. 19.2%) were of age between 18-25 years. a vast majority (i-e; 43.8%) were in 26-35 years age category while remaining (36.99%) patients were of age between 36-45 years. 12.3% women had no children, 35.6% had 1-2 children, 28.8% had 3-4 children while remaining 23.3% women had 5 children. 12 out of 73 (16.4%) women had cervical cancer confirmed through biopsy and histopathology of cervical tissue. Age was significant (P value = 0.003) while parity & duration of presenting symptoms were non-significant (P values = 0.110 & 0.405 respectively). Conclusion: The study found that almost every 6th women with abnormal vaginal bleeding is suffering from cervical cancer. Younger age women and those having lesser parity are less prone to this condition. Keywords: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Cervical cancer, Postcoital bleeding
Immunoexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Histopathological tissue samples of oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shafiq Fiza , Khan Abbas Saleem , Ahmad Sajjad , Khan Malik Arshman , Bajwa Sikandar Javed , , Hussain Talib
Published: November 2021

Background: Oral cancer represents a significant component of the global cancer burden. It develops as a result of multiple risk factors. The main histological form of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The disintegration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the key hallmarks of cancer progression, which stimulates the invasion of tumoral cells into the neighbouring tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) can degrade different elements of the ECM and basement membrane. Methods: A total of 35 histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC (n=25) and healthy individuals (n=10) as control were included. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on all cases. The results were analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: Increased expression of MMP-9 was observed in OSCC cases (n=23/25; 92%) as compared to healthy individuals. Statistically, a significant relation was observed while comparing the grade of staining intensity and MMP-9 expression among OSCC cases (p=0.001). Conclusion: The present study is planned to assess the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 in diagnosed cases of OSCC and healthy individuals. Increased expression of MMP-9 was observed in OSCC as compared to healthy individuals. Evaluation of MMP-9 could be of clinical importance in OSCC and can be used as a diagnostic predictive marker of OSCC. Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Matrix Metalloproteinase -9; Immunohistochemistry
Electrolyte Imbalances in Malnourished Under-5 Children with or without Diarrhoea
Authors: Laghari Ghulam Shabir , Radhan Abdul Hameed , Shaikh Saeed Ahmed , Khatti Noor ud Din , Qambrani Zamir Ahmed , Khoso Khuda B.
Published: November 2021

Background A significant public health issue, malnutrition affects 50 to 150 million children under the age of five globally. An increase in morbidity and mortality has been linked to malnutrition, a serious public health problem. Aim: To determine whether malnourished children under the age of five with or without diarrhea have electrolyte disturbances in their serum. Methodology: 100 malnourished children under the age of five were randomly selected from Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad. It took place between January 2019 and December 2020. They were malnourished in varying degrees, with or without diarrhea. Their histories, examinations, and measurements were used to divide them into two groups: 56 malnourished patients with diarrhea and 44 malnourished patients without diarrhea. In both groups, serum electrolytes were compared and data were analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: According to electrolyte findings, group A had more hyponatremia and hypokalemia than group B. respectively. 43 patients (79.6%) in group A had hyponatremia, but 36 in group B (78.2%). Hypokalemia affected 27 patients (50.0%) in group A, but 10 (21.7%) of those in group B (p-value 0.02). Conclusion: Electrolyte changes were common in moderately and severely malnourished children, particularly those who presented with diarrhea. Morbidity and mortality can be reduced if these changes are detected in time. Keywords: Malnutrition, Diarrhoea, Electrolyte imbalances
Diagnostic Accuracy of Different Histological Stains for Helicobacter Pylori Detection, taking Immunohistochemistry as Gold Standard
Authors: Batool Gardezi Atiya , Ahmed Khan Haseeb , Riaz Sabiha , Alam Sadia , Manzoor Mariya
Published: November 2021

Aim: Helicobacter pylori infection has been ascertained to play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastric neoplasia.1The present study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of H&E stain and Giemsa stain for the histological diagnosis of helicobacter pylori by taking immunohistochemical staining as a gold standard. Methods: A total of 155 cases were included in our study. The received biopsies were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, grossed and stained with H&E and giemsa stain. A board of histopathologists analyzed the morphological details to ascertain the diagnosis. The biopsies were stained by using immunohistochemical techniques against H. pylori antigens, and the procedure was performed according to the guidelines provided by the manufacturer considering the appropriate positive and negative controls for staining. IHC staining was evaluated autonomously and recorded on the proforma as positive and negative cases. Results: In our study, mean age was calculated as 38.4±11.57 years, 74(47.74%) were male and 81(52.26%) were females, frequency of H.Pylori on gold standard was recorded as 109(70.32%), the diagnostic accuracy of hematoxylin-eosin stain for helicobacter pylori detection by taking immunohistochemical staining as a gold standard measure was calculated as 63.30%, 65.22%, 81.18%, 42.86% and 63.87% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate respectively, while these findings were recorded as 74.31%, 80.43%, 90%, 56.92% and 76.12% for Giemsa stain. Conclusion: We concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of H&E and Giemsa stains for detection of HP is promising and cost-effective method in our population. MeSH words: Helicobacter pylori, Immunohistochemistry, Hematoxylin, Pathology, Diagnosis
Determine the Effect of Immunosuppressant on follicular regulatory T-cells in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Hasnain Mujtaba Ali , Mujtaba Samrah , Javed Iqra , . Misbah , Shahzad Gul Muhammad , Ghaffar Abdul
Published: November 2021

Background: Over the last few years, there are two major problems identified during organ transplantation such as surgical restrictions and transplant rejections. Few of these obstacles have been partially removed such as the use of immunosuppressant improved it consistently while decreasing graft rejection up to 12.2%. Methods: This study was conducted from 2019-2021. In all patients renal function was examined through glomerular filtration rate. Induction therapy was given to all the transplant recipients. Induction therapy with basiliximab 20mg intravenously on 0 and 4 days. After transplantation tacrolimus and MMF was given with varied concentration dose. Acute rejections were found in patients who had no biopsy or biopsy-proven rejection. In the end, clinical pathologists had analyzed all biopsies again and recipients who were experienced the vascular Banff grade 2 and tubule interstitial rejection. Results: Immunosuppressant tacrolimus treated patients were 71(67.61%) and mycophenolate mofetil used in 34(32.38%). Total 39(37.14%) rejections were received and 66(62.85%) acceptance was recorded. Two types of rejection were highlighted namely cell-mediated rejection 25(23.80%) and 14(13.33%) chronic antibody-mediated rejection. The effect of tacrolimus on follicular helper T cells and follicular regulatory T cells shows the clear difference between the kidney transplant and healthy control cells. Reduction in numbers of follicular regulatory T cells was measured in patients. Conclusion: eventually we find tacrolimus significantly affects the number of follicular regulatory T-cells and follicular helper T cells. Alemtuzumab substantially lowers the follicular regulatory T-cells. Mycophenolate mofetil showed non-significant on T-cells. Keywords: kidney transplant, follicular regulatory T-cells, follicular helper T-cells.
Prevalence of Refractive Errors and their Underlying Factors amongst students of Islam Medical College, Sialkot
Authors: Tahir Farwa , Tahir Ifra , Tahir Fatawal , Tariq Bangash Muhammad , Shahadat Khan Rozina
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine prevalence of refractive errors & underlying factors amongst students of Islam Medical College, Sialkot. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration: At Islam Medical College, Sialkot, from August to October 2019 Methods: Our study was descriptive cross sectional study, evaluated by the formulation of a detailed questionnaire, which was answered by all respondents. One hundred and fifty students doing MBBS were selected by simple random sampling. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS. Results: It was found out that refractive errors were present in 93 out of 150 (62%) medical students of Islam medical college. Prevalence of myopia (59.3%) was found to be the commonest type of refractive error (95.7% of those having refractive errors). On the same hand the possible underlying factors for causation of refractive errors were mainly found to be present in majority of the people having refractive errors. The greater number of the people responded about their feeling better after wearing spectacles. Conclusion: Arising from our this study; the significance of the prevalence of refractive errors especially myopia, the presence of possible underlying factors and the positive effect of wearing the spectacles, in the students of Islam Medical College Sialkot, has been highlighted. Keywords: Ametropes, Emmetropes, Medical students, prevalence, refractive errors, underlying factors,
Manual Vacuum Aspiration and Dilatation & Curettage in First Trimester Miscarriages; Comparison of Efficacy
Authors: Pervaiz Nadia , Saleem Javeria , Bibi Tuheed , Naz Shama , Rabbani Salma , Bibi Humaira
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of manual vacuum aspiration with dilatation and curettage in first trimester miscarriages. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit “A”, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Patients were received through OPD and Emergency during the six months i.e from 1st Jan, 2015 till 30th June, 2015. Methodology: Women admitted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit “A”, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study by consecutive non probability sampling with random allocation by dividing them into two groups through lottery method. Patients in group A were treated by dilatation and curettage while the patients in group B were evacuated by manual vacuum aspiration. After the randomly allocated method of evacuation, the efficacy of the procedure was determined in terms of need for the evacuation by presence of retained products of conception on ultrasound done by specialist. Results: No substantial difference was found between patients subjected to D&C and to those subjected to MVA. Conclusion: MVA is as effective as D&C for the treatment of miscarriage. Keywords: Miscarriage, Abortion, Dilatation & Curettage, Manual Vacuum Aspiration, Retained products of conception.
Frequency of Success Rate of Cervical Cerclage in Preventing Preterm Deliveries
Authors: Saleem Javeria , Pervaiz Nadia , Naz Shama , Hassan Tanzeela , Rani Afshan , Gul Afshan
Published: November 2021

Objective: Determination of success rate of cervical cerclage in prevention of preterm deliveries in patients with cervical incompetence. Study Design: Case Series study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital for a period of six months from 29 March, 2018 to 29 September, 2018. Methodology: 97 pregnant women were recruited who had a history of previous miscarriages or pre-term delivery. Cervical Cerclage was performed on these patients who were then observed till delivery to ascertain the success rate of cervical cerclage in preventing pre-term deliveries in these patients. Results: In this study mean age was 30 years with SD 8.316. 63% patients were nulli para (with previous second trimester losses) and 37% patients were multi para (with previous pre-term deliveries). 78% delivered at term and 22% delivered preterm. 80% of babies delivered with good apgar score and weight greater than 2.5 kg where as 20% of babies delivered with low apgar score and weight less than 2.5kg. Overall success rate of cervical cerclage was 80%. Conclusion: Our study concluded that success rate of cervical cerclage was 80% in preventing pre-term deliveries in patients having cervical incompetence. Keywords: Cervical Cerclage, Pre-term deliveries, Cervical incompetence, Trans-vaginal
Comparative Analysis of Treatment Outcomes of Amoxicillin and Cephedrine in Oral and Dental Infections
Authors: Salim Sarah , Mehdi Syed Zuhair , Motiwala Zainab , Iqbal Hoor ul Ain
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of amoxicillin and cephedrine in oral and dental infections. Study Design: Observational/ Comparative study Place and Duration: Riphah International University, Almizan Campus, Rawalpindi/ Nayab Dental Clinic Rawalpindi. January 2021 to Aug 2021. Methods: Total one hundred and fifty patients of both genders were presented in this study. Demographically detailed of included patients age, sex, cause of infection, residency and education status were calculated after taking informed written consent. Patients had oral and dental infection and did not receive any treatment yet were included. Patients were equally categorized into two groups. Group A had 75 patients and received 500mg amoxicillin while group B had 75 patients treated with 500mg cephredine thrice a day for 5 days. Post-treatment effectiveness among both groups was assessed and compared. SPSS 22.0 version was used to analyze the complete data. Results: There were 40 (53.3%) males and 35 (46.7%) females in group A while in group B 38 (50.7%) males and 37 (49.3%) females. Mean age in group A was 34.13±12.42 years and in group B mean age was 35.04±11.31 years. 100 (66.7%) cases were from urban area (50 in each group). 88 (58.7%) patients were literate (44 in each group). Gingivitis was found in 33 (44%) cases in group A and 35 (46.7%) in group B while frequency of periodontitis was 37 (56%) in group A and 40 (53.2%) in group B. Smoking was the most common cause of infection followed by compromised oral hygiene and diabetes. Post treatment frequency of effectiveness in group B was higher among 63 (84%) cases as compared to group A. Frequency of adverse outcomes stomach upset, diarrhea and dizziness were lower in group B. Change of dose frequently noted in group A among 15 (20%) cases as compared to group B 8 (10.7%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that use of antibiotics in cure of dental and oral infections were effective and useful but amoxicillin was significantly superior to cephredine with less number of adverse outcomes and higher frequency of germs controlled. Keywords: Dental Infection, Amoxicillin, Cephredine, Gingivitis, Periodontitis
Mucormycoses in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Nazir Samar , Khan Athar , Noor Asif , Rehman Rohana , Khalid Basil
Published: November 2021

Objective: The goal of the study was to report clinical characteristics, contributing variables and outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM). Study Design: Observational/descriptive study Place and Duration: Multan Medical and Dental College and Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College. Duration Jan 2021 to July 2021. Methods: Total 90 patients of both genders had symptoms of mucormycosis during pandemic corona virus disease were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 22-80 years. Patients detailed demographics age, sex, body mass index and duration of disease were calculated after taking informed written consent. Patients were admitted in COVID-19 emergency ward and underwent for RT-PCR and MRI. Comorbidities, symptoms and cause of mucormycosis were assessed. At the end of study mortality rate, hospital stay and ICU admission were calculated. The SPSS 20.0 version was used to examine the entire set of data. Results: Majority of the patients 65 (72.2%) were males and the rest were females 25 (27.8%). Mean age of the patients were 51.42±12.64 years with mean BMI 28.44±8.72 kg/m2. 55 (61.1%) cases had COVID-19 and 35 (38.9%) were recovered from corona virus in this study. Mean duration of mucormycosis was 18.08±7.11 days. Most common symptoms of disease were eye pain/swollen of eyes, nasal stiffness, headache and blurring of vision. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis found in 63 (70%) cases. Majority of the cases were from urban areas 60 (66.7%) and 38 (42.2%) were literate. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity found in 70 (77.8%). Frequent consumption of the steroids during pandemic disease was the most common cause found in 59 (65.6%) cases. Mortality rate was 32 (35.6%) at the end of study. Conclusion: In this study we found that the complication of COVID-19 in high-risk patients can be mucormycosis. Poor diabetes mellitus is a significant CAM predisposing factor and frequent usage of excess steroids were the most common cause. Systematic surveillance for diabetes mellitus control and to educate the doctors are indicated for early detection of CAM. Keywords: COVID-19, Mucormycosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Steroids, Mortality
Hepatoprotective Role of Propolis Extract to Prevent Hepatotoxic Effects of ATT in patients with Tuberculosis
Authors: Arshad Asma , Munawar Saira , Toor Rabia Sajjad , Saleem Saba , Sharif Kanwal , Errum Anila , Anwaar Rubina , Suhail Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of propolis in hepatocytes injury caused by ATT due to isoniazid and rifampicin. Methods: Healthy albino rats of with average weight of 200-250g were under this study. These rats dividing into main four groups, A group is taken a control group and then further into the group B, group C, and group D as group for experiments. The control group had 15 rats with measured weight, they were given distilled water. Group B had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group c had 15 rats, they were also given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group D had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid and also extract of the propolis we prepared. Results: Serum ALT in the experimental group B with group C, group D were also found to be of statistically significant with p-value < 0.001. ALT serum level observed high in group B. Multiple comparison between groups revealed that group B with a significantly increase in the serum enzyme AST level in comparison to group A, group C and group D with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: This study showed that ethanolic extract of propolis prevents isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in the albino rats. Key words; Propolis, Anti-tuberculosis treatment, Hepato-toxicity.
Comparison of Outcome of Lateral Pinning Versus Medial and Lateral Cross Pinning in Childhood Supracondylar Fractures of Humerus
Authors: Nazzar Mudassar , Rehman Muhammad Adeel-Ur- , Anwar Rizwan , Tanveer Omer Farooq , Hanan Muhammad Abdul , Arif Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To compare the complications and outcomes of lateral entry pin fixation with medial and lateral pin fixation for Gartland type III supracondylar fractures of humerus. Methodology: This prospective comparative study involving 190 patients of Gartland type III close supracondylar fractures were included. from March-2019 to Dec-2020. In all patients, initially the elbow was mobilized using the splint placed above the elbow joint at 30 to 45 degrees’ flexion. After closed reduction, lateral pinning was applied in group I and in group II lateral and medial cross pinning was applied using the standard protocol. Patients were followed for iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury, radiologic and function outcomes in-terms of loss of reduction, elbow range of motion, loss in carrying angle and functional outcomes. Results: The two groups were comparable for loss of elbow range of motion, loss of carrying angle and loss of Bauman's angle. On clinical examination, immediate post-operative ulnar nerve injury was diagnosed in 4 (4.2%) cases in group II and in no patient in group I (p-value 0.12). Satisfactory functional outcomes were achieved in 85 (89.5%) patients in group I and in 88 (92.6%) patients in group II (p-value 0.44). Conclusion: Lateral pinning provided stable fixation clinically and radiologically as compared to lateral and medial cross pinning. Keywords: Supracondylar fracture of Humerus, Iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury, Lateral pin entry, lateral and medial cross pin entry.
Determination of Anxiety Levels of Female and Male Athletes for Catching Corona Virus
Authors: Civan Adem , Şimşek Yunus , Civan Aliriza Han , Durmaz Mehmet
Published: November 2021

Background: The Covid-19 epidemic has greatly changed the lifestyles and habits of millions of people around the world, and it has been observed that these changes have become permanent. Aim: The aim of our research is to examine the anxiety levels of female and male athletes for catching the new type of corona virus (Covid-19). Method: The survey method, one of the quantitative research models, was used in the study. The population of the research consisted of athletes (n=198) who were actively involved in sports in various sports clubs and in various branches in the districts of Istanbul, on the European side (Bakırköy, Güngören, Zeytinburnu). The data were collected online by applying the survey technique. The New Type Coronavirus (Covid-19) Anxiety Scale of the athletes (SYTKYKÖ) was used as a data collection tool. As a statistical procedure, it was determined that the data did not show normal distribution and Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis-H analyzes from non-parametric tests were used. Findings: It is seen that there is a difference between the anxiety levels of catching Covid-19 according to the gender of the athletes, their education level, the status of people around them catching covid-19, the level of chronic disease, and their training status. There was no difference between the anxiety levels of catching Covid-19 according to the age, sports branch and years of doing sports of the participants. Result: As a result, it was concluded that the anxiety levels of the athletes of catching Covid-19 were high. Key words: Pandemic, anxiety level, sports
Perspectiva de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor en tratamiento de hemodialisis del Hospital General Ambato IESS
Authors: Ashqui Moreira Paola Alexandra , Ramírez López Diego Ivan
Published: November 2021

La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis, las complicaciones y el cumplimiento del tratamiento son los elementos que beneficiaran la calidad de vida del adulto mayor; estos elementos deben someterse a un análisis profundo a fin de establecer nexos causales significativos. Analizar la calidad de vida del paciente adulto mayor en hemodiálisis abordando el comportamiento de las determinantes que influyen en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad mediante la aplicación de la encuesta KDQOL-36™, permitirá establecer estrategias físicas, mentales y sociales que permitan mejorar su situación. Este estudio de carácter cuantitativito, descriptivo, de corte transversal realizado en el Hospital General Ambato IESS se realizó con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia del autor en un universo de 35 pacientes, se aplicó el cuestionario “Calidad de Vida” con el propósito de conocer las características personales de estos pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en tratamiento con hemodiálisis.  Se aplicó el instrumento KDQOL-36™, (ítems 13-36) para evaluar al paciente con ERCT encontrando que su calidad de vida es menor en comparación con un individuo sano, los pacientes de hemodiálisis presentan una calidad de vida media-baja y el área afectada es la física; existe mayor vínculo con las relaciones sociales ya que a mejor relación social, mejor calidad de vida de acuerdo la percepción del paciente. Por otra parte, las limitaciones de la enfermedad perturban las relaciones con su círculo de amigos y con sus familiares.
La Depresión en adultos mayores por Covid-19 durante la emergencia sanitaria
Authors: Sailema Veronica , Mayorga Diego
Published: November 2021

El adulto mayor es considerado un grupo vulnerable dentro de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, por lo que requiere una atención especializada para garantizar su calidad de vida, sin embargo, al presentarse la pandemia por Covid-19 a nivel mundial, todas las personas se vieron obligadas a un aislamiento social, esta situación afectó la salud emocional de los adultos mayores, por esta razón esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la presencia de la depresión en adultos mayores por COVID-19 durante la emergencia sanitaria, mediante una revisión sistemática. Dentro de los hallazgos que se obtuvieron está la de depresión, siendo el nivel moderado el de mayor incidencia, con un 31%; por otra parte, entre los factores generadores se evidenció, el miedo a contraer la enfermedad y el aislamiento como los más significativos. Entre las características clínicas que prevalecieron se puede mencionar la dificultad de sueño, tristeza, y disminución del apetito con valores de p inferiores a 0.05. Estos hallazgos permiten concluir que la depresión es un trastorno que ha estado latente en los adultos mayores durante la época de la pandemia, afectando en su calidad de vida.
Palabras clave: Adulto mayor, Depresión, Covid-19, Confinamiento, Aislamiento social.
Disability and COVID-19: improving legal and policy responses through grassroots disability ethics
Authors: Antova Ivanka
Published: November 2021

The emergency legal and policy responses to COVID-19 attempt to avoid discrimination against disabled people. But they do not address deeper ableist and disableist narratives and practices embedded in emergency health policy. Adopting a disability ethics approach to the guidelines that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic shows that they rest on dubious ethical grounds. However, emergency legal and policy responses to COVID-19 can be improved by adopting an approach based on disability ethics principles that emerge from grassroots level.
FUCOM ve PROMETHEE Yöntemleri ile Ticari Araç Seçimi: Peyzaj Firmasında Bir Uygulama
Authors: ÖZDAĞOĞLU Aşkın , KELEŞ Murat Kemal , GENÇ Volkan
Published: November 2021

İşletmeler, faaliyet gösterdikleri iş alanına göre ulaşımda, mamul, yük ve eşya taşımasında çeşitli vasıtalar kullanmaktadırlar. Kamyonet de işletmenin ticari anlamda kullandığı vasıtalardan biridir. Piyasada çok çeşitli marka ve modelde kamyonet satışa sunulmaktadır. Piyasada satışa sunulan kamyonet alternatifleri de kendi aralarında farklı model ve özelliklere sahiptirler. Kamyonet alternatiflerinin fazla olması ve karar vermede çok sayıda faktörün etkili olması nedeniyle kamyonet satın alma problemi çok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu çalışmada peyzaj sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firma için en uygun kamyonet seçimi problemi ele alınmıştır. Firma yetkilisi ile yapılan görüşmede, satın alınması düşünülen kamyonet için “motor tork”, “servis yedek parça yaygınlığı”, “dönüş çapı” ve “ıstihap haddi” olmak üzere dört faktör belirlenmiştir. Bu faktörler dikkate alınarak üç kamyonet alternatifi değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme kriterlerinin önem dereceleri FUCOM yöntemi ile bulunmuştur. PROMETHEE yöntemi ile de üç kamyonet arasından peyzaj firması için en uygun olanı seçilmiştir. Problemin çözümü Lingo paket programı ve Excel ile yapılmıştır
Time in Milton's Paradise Lost
Authors: Ittzés Gábor
Published: November 2021

—
White Light
Authors: Bényei Tamás
Published: November 2021

—