bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the border with war: countering disinformation in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Kolar Olga
Published: September 2023

The report deals with the problem of countering and fighting disinformation, the scale of which has significantly increased in recent years. The author focuses on the changes that have taken place in this area in the Republic of Moldova since the start of the so-called special military operation of Russia on the territory of Ukraine in February 2022. The material analyzes the disseminated disinformation narratives in the context of the war and migration crisis that arose against this background, examines the specifics of the communication policy of the Moldovan authorities, as well as the reaction to disinformation by official state institutions and professional mass media organizations and journalism community. Particular attention is paid to legislative changes and important processes are underway in the field of information verification and improving journalists’ professional competencies and responsibility. The country’s only fact-checking platform, StopFals, certified by the independent International Fact-Checking Network Poynter, has entered into a partnership with META to combat disinformation and misinformation on Facebook and Instagram.
PR Activities in Digital Business Communication
Authors:   Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Tsenkova Miroslava
Published: September 2023

The accelerated introduction of digitalization in business has directed the attention of specialists to strengthening the online presence of organizations and intensify PR activities in the electronic space. These efforts are key to building dialogue and interaction with audiences quickly and effectively. At the same time, the use of digital tools allows for more accurate and detailed tracking of opinions and comments on social networks, which in turn allows for a more accurate analysis of consumer attitudes and preferences, as well as for better getting to know the audiences. All this helps to build trust and shape long-term relationships with audiences in a highly competitive environment. The purpose of the publication is to outline the principles by which companies and their users share information and communicate with each other in the network. At the same time, the aim is to emphasize the importance of effective management of business PR activities, as well as to highlight the advantages and features of communication in the digital environment
Challenges for media communication of social causes
Authors:   Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Vasileva Zarina
Published: September 2023

The media have considerable resources to induce prosocial behavior. It is in their power to provide information, arouses interest and provokes necessary action. Are the media making effective use of these resources for social cause success? What are the effects of social cause communication and what challenges does the media face?
Evolutionary dynamics of the Bulgarian media ecosystem (2000 – 2020)
Authors:   Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Velinova Neli , Metanova Lora ,   Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication
Published: September 2023

The study aims to trace the dynamics in the modern media ecosystem based on collected and classified databases and research for the period 2000 – 2020 regarding media consumption in Bulgaria, media and digital literacy and public trust in the media. The task is to highlight the trends in the development of the Bulgarian media environment. The findings are included in the comparative analysis of the MEDIADELCOM research project of the Horizon 2020 Program, in which 15 EU member states participate. The tendency of the audience to look for short, easily digestible audiovisual information is highlighted. More and more people are relying on social networks to stay informed, and the smartphone is becoming the primary device for accessing and sharing news. The difference in terms of media consumption depending on age is clear – stagnant people prefer traditional media, while young people look for alternative sources of information. These and other processes are driving the evolution of media into “multimedia” and contribute to contribute to the promotion of the media convergence.
The Being of Churches: Neo-Congregational Polity
Authors: Rutherford J. Alexander
Published: September 2023

What is a church? Are denominations churches? Who has the authority to ordain ministers of the Gospel? How do we determine what a church gathering should look like? These are questions of “polity”,” or the principles and foundations for the organisation and conduct of a church. Nearly 400 years ago, Christians in New England produced a clear articulation of polity based on the Bible, called The Cambridge Platform of Discipline. This document offers much insight into the way God would have churches act. In this book, the author engages with the Bible in the tradition of the Cambridge Platform to offer a new congregational polity, an account of the being and conduct of churches that retrieves the best insights of the Cambridge Platform while attempting to improve upon it in light of the later failings of American congregationalism and the 400 years of Christian reflection on the church that has followed that document. It is the author’s prayer that this book would help churches engage with the Bible as they think about what it means to be a church and would have the tools to do so with faithfulness and clarity.
“Brain-Breath” Interactions: Respiration-Timing-Dependent Impact on Functional Brain Networks and Beyond
Authors: Nakamura Nozomu H. , Fukunaga Masaki , Nakamura Nozomu H. , Oku Yoshitaka
Published: September 2023

Breathing is a natural process that we cannot do without and is also a daily action that sensitively and intensely changes under various situations. What if this essential act of breathing can impact our overall well-being? Recent studies have demonstrated that breathing couples with higher brain functions, i.e., perception, motor actions, and cognition. In particular, the timing of breathing can be a key factor to modulate accuracy in cognitive tasks and changes activation in specific cortical regions. To determine possible respiratory roles in attentional and memory processes and functional brain networks, we discussed several issues of interactions between breathing and brain function: i) respiration-dependent modulation of cognition and mental health; ii) respiratory rhythm generation in the brainstem (e.g., the PreBötzinger complex); iii) interpretation of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal without respiratory artifacts using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); iv) respiration-timing-dependent effects on functional neural networks (e.g., the locus coeruleus, temporoparietal junction, ventral attention network, and cingulo-opercular salience network); and v) a potential application of breathing manipulation in mental health care. These outlines and considerations of “brain-breath” interactions lead to a better understanding of the interoceptive and cognitive mechanisms that underlie brain-body interactions in health conditions and in stress-related and neuropsychiatric disorders.
ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS FOR UTILIZING BIOGAS PRODUCED FROM SWINE WASTE FOR ENERGY PURPOSES.
Authors: González Rodríguez Lisdelys , Suárez Chernov Vitaliy Danilo , Morales Zamora Marlen , Díaz López Iosvany
Published: September 2023

This work integrated in a process simulation, the anaerobic digestion of swine slurry and three technological alternatives for the energetic use of biogas. In addition, the energy yield and technical-economic feasibility were evaluated under different swine population scenarios in Cuba. Aspen Plus v12.0 was used to incorporate the alternatives analyzed: steam generator, internal combustion engine and heat recovery boiler. The results of the study indicated energy efficiencies between 79%-85%, TIR between 36%-43%, VAN between 2578818.80$-1975810.72$, with a PRD between 2.8 and 3.5 years. The profitability of the project was found to be most sensitive to the variation in the scenarios of pig population per alternative, with scenario 4 being the most profitable. The study provides important insights into the use of this renewable energy sources in rural areas, with a focus on environmental sustainability.

Key Words: Biogas, energy efficiency, Aspen modelling, economic analysis.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLOW PATTERNS AND PRESSURE LOSSES IN VERTICAL FLOWS OF OIL-WATER MIXTURES
Authors: Sierra Sánchez Irving Néstor , SANCHEZ SILVA FLORENCIO , CARVAJAL MARISCAL IGNACIO , TOLEDO GARCIA MONICA
Published: September 2023

In this work the experimental results of the dynamics of the two-phase oil-water flow patterns and the pressure gradients due to friction that they produce when conducting them in a vertical ascending pipe are shown. For the study, an experimental facility and two types of injection nozzles were built, constructed and characterized. The selected fluids were oil (viscosity 90 cP, density 885 kg/m3 with 28.3 API) and water. The measurements were made in a range of superficial speeds from 0 to 0.257 m/s for oil and from 0 to 0.684 for water. The experimentation was carried out using the two nozzles and in accordance with a test matrix that has as parameters the superficial speed of the oil (USO) and the superficial speed of the water (USW) for which a fixed value of the USW was taken and it varied the USO, although it was also worked in reverse. From the experimental results, the effect of the nozzles to induce the group of flow patterns and their respective pressure gradient is shown, which reaches its lowest value when conducting the oil in the annular flow scheme. The numerical results showed that there is a notable energy saving, since the pressure loss due to friction is up to 5 times lower when conducting the same amount of oil in the annular flow pattern.
Key Words: Experimental installation, oil-water mixture, injection nozzle, flow patterns, annular flow, pressure gradient.
Implementación de sistemas de inventario con catálogo 3D
Authors: Segovia Larrea José Eduardo , Patiño Allauca María Fernanda
Published: September 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un sistema de inventario con catálogo 3D y su posterior evaluación al implementarlo en una empresa para determinar su funcionalidad y mejorar al manipular su inventario y presentación de sus productos por medio del catálogo 3D. Esto permitió mejorar la eficiencia de obtención de productos en Stock u otro punto de almacenamiento perteneciente a la empresa, así como la presentación de sus productos a potenciales clientes por medio de un catálogo 3D. Para realizar la comparativa se emplearon los registros de los productos de la empresa, para lo cual se tomó el tiempo empleado en su conteo y cocimiento total del producto con el que cuentan en los diferentes puntos de almacenamiento. Como conclusión se determinó que el tiempo empleado en el conteo de productos y conocimiento del mismo fue mayor que al emplear un sistema de inventario.
La mediación intercultural en situaciones de conflicto: su abordaje en una concepción didáctico-metodológica para guías de turismo
Authors: Morales Domínguez Alberto Alejandro
Published: September 2023

Este estudio investiga el tratamiento de determinadas situaciones de conflicto de índole intercultural en el marco profesional de nuestros guías turísticos. Se considera como antecedentes que el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural no ha sido suficientemente estudiado en el marco del perfeccionamiento del posgrado de la lengua con fines profesionales en el sector turístico cubano. Existe una necesidad urgente, a saber, influir en el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural en la mediación de situaciones de conflicto, en particular, en los guías turísticos de idioma alemán. El objetivo se centra en desarrollar una concepción didáctico-metodológica y en la creación de un marco conceptual hacia el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural en guías turísticos, al hacer uso de la teoría de la mediación en su contexto profesional. El artículo se centró en una nueva definición de competencia intercultural y analizó algunas reflexiones sobre la creación de una plataforma conceptual para evaluar esta competencia. En el desarrollo de este estudio se presenta al modelo conceptual de la Macro Competencia Intercultural Afrontar (CIT A) y se considera el más adecuado para fundamentar los componentes interculturales por poseer elementos afines como los conocimientos, las estrategias y las actitudes que contribuirán a reinsertar los conocimientos culturales mediante el tratamiento de las situaciones de conflicto. Como resultado se propone una concepción que debe ser aplicada en el marco del perfeccionamiento del idioma con fines profesionales en un posgrado para guías turísticos. Su aplicación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje facilitará una mayor conciencia de las características de su propia cultura, la reactivación de sus conocimientos culturales y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico para la mediación intercultural en situaciones de conflicto. La concepción conducirá a la apropiación de nuevos conocimientos para comprender, respetar otras culturas y brindar una solución exitosa a estas situaciones interculturales
Experimental Investigation of Exhaust Gas Emission Status in Tanzania: A Case Study of National Institute of Transport Vehicle Inspection Center –
Dar es Salaam
Authors: M. Khalfan Omari , Nabora Christian , L. Mgaya Prosper
Published: September 2023

Exhaust gas emission is a by-product of air and fuel combustion in vehicle engines. It is a crucial contributing factor to air and environmental pollution that authorities emphasize controlling to mitigate the health and environmental hazards to communities. This was an experimental investigation to ascertain the emission status of used vehicles used for transport in Tanzania, some on the verge of surpassing their allowable emission levels. An experimental research design was opted for in this study and data were collected experimentally and through observations. Gas analyzers and emission detectors were used to obtain emission data for the study, where cluster sampling was preferred and 403 gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles were investigated for general inspection. The study found that engine size, year of manufacture, and kilometers of travel affected vehicle emission levels. The results were analyzed and compared with the allowable emission values in the Tanzanian standards.
Abnormal eggs of the Common Guillemot Uria aalge: the role of stress
Authors: Birkhead Tim , Russell D , Thompson J
Published: September 2023

This study documents several types of abnormal eggs of the Common Guillemot Uria aalge collected from Bempton Cliffs, Yorkshire, UK, during the 1900s and currently housed in the Natural History Museum at Tring, Hertfordshire, UK. These eggs are abnormal in terms of size, shape, colour and surface topography. We suggest that the incidence of these abnormal eggs was relatively high because the manner in which they were collected — repeated visits to the breeding colony — caused considerable disturbance and stress that in turn disrupted the normal process of egg formation. We discuss the possibility of using abnormalities in avian eggs as a measurement of environmental stress.
Early spring influx of adult Long-tailed Skuas Stercorarius longicaudus in northwestern Europe in March 2021
Authors: van Bemmelen Rob
Published: September 2023

The Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus is a trans-equatorial migratory seabird that migrates between wintering areas off southern Africa and South-America to circumpolar, (sub) Arctic breeding grounds (Gilg et al. 2013; van Bemmelen et al. 2017). Long-tailed Skuas usually migrate far from land (Wynne-Edwards 1935; Pollock et al. 2000) and the species is therefore usually only seen in small numbers in northwestern Europe. In some autumns, influxes of exceptional numbers of Long-tailed Skuas occur along European coasts (van der Ham 1989; Dunn & Hirschfeld 1991; Vanloo 1996). Numbers seen during spring migration in Scotland fluctuate greatly depending on westerly and northwesterly winds, with up to three-figure daily counts in some springs (Wynn et al. 2014). However, influxes away from Scotland and in early spring have not been documented before.

In March 2021, a small but remarkably early influx occurred in western Europe, with adult Long-tailed Skuas turning up in France, the United Kingdom and The Netherlands (but not in other northwestern European countries). Here, I describe the spatial and temporal pattern in these records.
Leach’s Storm PetrelsHydrobates leucorhousbreeding on Gloup Holm: the third discovered breeding site in Shetland
Authors: Miles Will , Hunter Peter , Wilson Matt , Bacon Alice , Tyler Glen , Kelly Kevin , Sturgeon Jenny , Ellis Pete , Johnson Logan , Tallack Rory , Thomason Brydon , Okill David
Published: September 2023

In the UK, Leach’s Storm Petrel Hydrobates leucorhous breeding colonies are few and geographically very remote. Single Leach’s Storm Petrels were heard calling from burrows on Gloup Holm, north Shetland, in July 2019, July 2020 and August 2020, in response to call-playback. The occupied burrow network found in August 2020 was examined by endoscope and a Leach’s Storm Petrel eggshell was seen, constituting the first proven breeding record at this site. A sample call was recorded from each bird heard, sonograms produced, and comparison with criteria for determining sex from calls indicated the bird heard in 2019 was female and those in 2020 were one or possibly two males. Currently, Leach’s Storm Petrel breeds in very low numbers in Shetland on just two small islands. Restoration projects to eradicate introduced predators and preserve natural breeding habitat on select other islands could result in increased breeding numbers.
Regularization of nonlocal pseudo-parabolic equation with random noise
Authors: Gurefe Yusuf , Le Dinh Long , Kumar Devendra
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we consider an inverse problem for a time-fractional diffusion equation with the inhomogeneous source. These problems have many applications in engineering such as image processing, geophysics, biology. We get the result in random case as follows:
• This problem is ill-posed.
• We have used the nonlocal condition, instead of the final time condition.
• Using the IFT regularization method, constructing the regularized solution, the a-priori choice rule for the regularization parameter is discussed and yields the corresponding convergence rate.
• A numerical experiment is presented to illustrate the results in theory.
Blow-up solutions to the fractional solid fuel ignition model
Authors: Huy Nguyen Dinh , Nguyen Anh Tuan
Published: September 2023

In this study, we investigate a time fractional parabolic equation with Caputo-Fabrizio derivative and a pure exponential source term. The model can be seen as a modified version of a solid fuel ignition by considering delay effects. Because of the bad behavior of the source term, the common Banach fixed point theorem is not suitable to be applied. Therefore, we approach by an iteration method in which we find a supersolution to the problem. Then, the monotony of approximating solutions implies the existence of a mild solution. Furthermore, we show that if the given initial data is sufficiently large in term of norm measure, the corresponding solution will blow up in a finite time. Main techniques of the work are mainly based on calculations related to explicit formulas of solution operator derived from eigenpair of Helmholtz's equation and Sobolev embeddings between Hilbert scale spaces.
Heterotopic ovarian hilus cells of the salpinx: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kim Bomi
Published: September 2023

Ovarian hilus cells (OHCs), a counterpart of testicular Leydig cells, are usually found in the ovarian poles and produce androstenedione. Their origin remains a matter of debate, although OHCs are assumed to come from the adrenogenital primordium. OHCs are rarely observed around the poles of the ovary, including the mesoovarium, stroma (perisalpinx) of the salpinx, and the wall of paratubal cysts. Their clinical and pathological characteristics are not well-known because of their rarity. Herein, we present a case of ectopic OHCs in a 48-year-old woman. The patient underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy for vaginal bleeding due to multiple leiomyomas. We incidentally found OHCs in the stroma of the infundibulum of the salpinx, just beneath the tubal epithelium. Their size was less than 1 mm, and they were composed of large cells with central round nuclei and abundant clear or granular cytoplasm. OHCs share morphological and immunohistochemical profiles with ectopic adrenal glands, and the differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult. They do not exhibit microscopic encapsulation or the normal adrenal cortex zonation pattern. The patient was discharged and did not show any abnormal findings during 19 months of follow-up. Analyzing the characteristics of testicular Leydig cells will help understand how OHCs develop and why heterotopic OHCs occur in and around the salpinges.
Les quatre moments du travail à l’ère du capital algorithmique
Authors: Martineau Jonathan , Durand Folco Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Cet article s’appuie sur la prémisse qu’un nouveau régime d’accumulation, que nous appelons le « capital algorithmique », domine progressivement l’économie mondiale depuis les 15 dernières années. Dans le sillon de cette profonde transformation marquée entre autres par la montée des plateformes et des technologies algorithmiques, les rapports entre capital et travail se modifient. L’article explore la reconfiguration du travail dans la foulée des vagues d’automation et de l’émergence de nouvelles formes de « travail digital ». Les impératifs reliés à l’accumulation algorithmique (extraction de données, développement de l’apprentissage machinique et de l’intelligence artificielle, automation, etc.) ne se limitent toutefois pas au travail digital, ils transforment également de plus en plus les moments industriel, extractif et domestique du travail global. Cet article conceptualise l’unité de ces quatre moments du travail — digital, extractif, industriel, domestique — sous la catégorie de travail algorithmique et explore les façons dont ils entrent en relation à la fois complémentaire et conflictuelle avec le capital algorithmique. Nous abordons également des formes de tensions et de luttes entre capital et travail qui émergent à l’ère du capital algorithmique et nous concluons en défrichant le problème du « fétichisme des algorithmes ».
Des refuges pour victimes de traite aux usines
Authors: Miramond Estelle
Published: September 2023

Dans les programmes de lutte contre la traite humaine comme dans les discussions académiques, la question de l’exploitation du travail est souvent éclipsée par celle de l’exploitation sexuelle et du mouvement migratoire. À partir d’une étude menée au Laos, l’article défend l’idée selon laquelle le secteur anti-traite ne se limite pas à la production de discours et de politiques passant sous silence l’exploitation du travail (non sexuel), mais y contribue par le biais des programmes de réhabilitation pour victimes de traite. L’ethnographie de refuges pour victimes de traite permet d’affirmer que ce secteur alimente activement les circuits de recrutement de travailleuses peu rémunérées sur un marché du travail mondialisé. Les partenariats établis tant pour sécuriser ses financements que pour démontrer la réussite de ses programmes d’empowerment contribuent à la stabilisation d’une main-d’oeuvre prolétaire féminisée dans le secteur de la production de précision. Questionnant la singularité des programmes de réinsertion d’anciennes victimes de traite vers des ateliers d’usine au regard des politiques internationales de réintégration d’anciennes victimes de traite, l’article montre que le secteur anti-traite contribue à une division internationale du travail sociosexuée.
Les paradoxes de l’engagement entrepreneurial de jeunes adultes québécois
Authors: Gaudet Stéphanie , Dussault Bénédicte , Claude Mélanie
Published: September 2023

Au Québec, les jeunes sont nombreux à s’engager dans des projets professionnels d’entrepreneuriat social afin de conjuguer leurs besoins de participation sociale et politique et leur désir de réalisation personnelle et professionnelle. En nous appuyant sur une série d’entretiens approfondis auprès de ces jeunes, nous analysons le sens que prend cette expérience pour eux et les paradoxes que soulève ce phénomène social. Les jeunes expliquent qu’elles et ils sont engagés dans des projets entrepreneuriaux pour se sentir utiles et pour exprimer leurs valeurs de justice et de solidarité sociale. Tout en remettant en question les logiques du marché capitaliste, elles et ils utilisent le langage néolibéral de l’« entrepreneur de soi », ce qui soulève des paradoxes et met en lumière la pauvreté des discours collectivistes et politiques que la société leur propose.
Le travail gratuit
Authors: Hébert Martin
Published: September 2023

La description des systèmes de charges civiles et religieuses occupe une place considérable dans les ethnographies consacrées aux communautés autochtones mésoaméricaines. On y voit souvent un principe organisateur de la vie collective, une source de cohésion sociale. Chez les Me’phaade l’état du Guerrero au Mexique, offrir du travail gratuit est interprété comme un signe du sacrifice de l’individu pour le bien du groupe et comme une contribution au projet historique des « grands ancêtres » (xabo niki), dont l’ambition fondatrice était de voir prospérer la communauté pour de multiples générations. À cette réflexivité associée de longue date aux prestations de travail gratuit, nous en voyons une autre s’ajouter, celle voulant que le travail gratuit soit un marqueur identitaire renvoyant à une manière me’phaade faire communauté. Utilisant la notion de futurismes autochtones, nous explorons ici les manières dont la production sociale de l’imaginaire entourant le travail gratuit s’inscrit à la fois dans la continuité de normativités me’phaaantérieures et dans un processus d’émergence de nouvelles manières d’intégrer le travail gratuit aux identités mobilisées par les Me’phaa.
Entre obligation rituelle standardisée et variation du choix familial
Authors: Hou Renyou
Published: September 2023

Dans la société chinoise, les échanges matrimoniaux débutent dès les fiançailles, dont les points culminants concernent le don du caili 彩礼 offert par le côté du fiancé au côté de la fiancée quelques jours avant la cérémonie des noces, et le don du jiazhuang 嫁妆 offert par la famille de la fiancée à la famille du fiancé le jour même des noces. En s’écartant de deux théories dominantes — marriage payment theory et marriage endowment theory — dans les études existantes sur les échanges matrimoniaux en Chine, le présent article vise à proposer une nouvelle interprétation, en démontrant que seule la famille du fiancé se voit dans une obligation ritualisée et collective d’offrir les prestations matrimoniales (caili), sans lesquelles le mariage ne peut avoir lieu, tandis que l’offre du jiazhuang est facultative, personnalisée et secrète, s’inscrivant avant tout dans une stratégie familiale. Par ailleurs, puisque la spécificité du terrain chinois révèle une incompatibilité avec les travaux classiques en anthropologie de la parenté sur la « dot », le « prix de la fiancée » et la « dot indirecte », l’article cherche également à mettre en valeur les termes vernaculaires dans la compréhension de la société chinoise, tout en comparant et en faisant dialoguer les études existantes dans ce domaine et mes propres analyses.
Quantum evolution speed induced by Hamiltonian
Authors: Dong Shan-Shan , Qin Li-Guo , Liu Fu-Yao , Gong Li-Hua , Huang Jie-Hui ,   School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China,   School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
Published: September 2023

In the issue of quantum evolution, quantum evolution speed is usually quantified by the time rate of change of state distance between the initial sate and its time evolution. In this paper, the path distance of quantum evolution is introduced to study the evolution of a quantum system, through the approach combined with basic theory of quantum evolution and the linear algebra. In a quantum unitary system, the quantum evolution operator contains the path information of the quantum evolution, where the path distance is determined by the principal argument of the eigenvalues of the unitary operator. Accordingly, the instantaneous quantum evolution speed is proportional to the distance between the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. As one of the applications, the path distance and the instantaneous quantum evolution speed could be used to form a new lower bound of the real evolution time, which depends on the evolution operator and Hamiltonian, and is independent of the initial state. It is found that the lower bound presented here is exactly equal to the real evolution time in the range \begin{document}$ \left[ {0, {\pi }/({{2{\omega _{\rm{H}}}}}}) \right]$\end{document}. The tool of path distance and instantaneous quantum evolution speed introduced here provides new method for the related researches.
Virtual screening of drugs targeting PD-L1 protein
Authors: Lin Kai-Dong , Lin Xiao-Qian , Lin Xu-Bo ,   Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang Unitaversity, Beijing 100191, China,   Shen Yuan Honors College, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Published: September 2023

Monoclonal antibody inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints are gradually entering the market and have achieved certain positive effects in the treatments of various types of tumors. However, with the expansion of application, the limitations of antibody drugs and problems such as excessive homogenization of research gradually appear, making small-molecule inhibitors the new focus of researchers. This study aims to use ligand-based and structure-based binding activity prediction methods to achieve virtual screening of small-molecule inhibitors targeting PD-L1, thereby helping to accelerate the development of small molecule drugs. A dataset of PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitory activity from relevant research literature and patents is collected and activity judgment classification models with intensity prediction regression models are constructed based on different molecular featurization methods and machine learning algorithms. The two types of models filter 68 candidate compounds with high PD-L1 inhibitory activity from a large drug-like small molecule screening pool (ZINC15). Ten of these compounds not only have good drug similarities and pharmacokinetics, but also exhibit comparable binding affinities and similar mechanisms of action with previous reported hotspot compounds in molecular docking. This phenomenon is further verified in subsequent molecular dynamics simulation and the estimation of binding free energy. In this study, a virtual screening workflow integrating ligand-based method and structure-based method is developed, and potential PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitors are effectively screened from large compound databases, which is expected to help accelerate the application and expansion of tumor immunotherapy.
Aperiodic resonance of a nonlinear system excited by aperiodic binary signal or M-ary signal
Authors: Wang Zhong-Qiu , Yang Jian-Hua ,   School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China,   Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Published: September 2023

The aperiodic resonance of a typical nonlinear system that excited by a single aperiodic binary or M-ary signal and its measuring method are studied. The focus is on exploring aperiodic resonance caused by the system parameter. A response amplitude gain index suitable for aperiodic excitation is proposed to measure the effect of aperiodic resonance, and the research is carried out by combining the cross-correlation coefficient index and bit error rate index. The results show that the cross-correlation coefficient can better describe the synchronization and waveform similarity between the system output and the input aperiodic signal, but cannot describe the situation whether the signal is amplified after passing through the nonlinear system. The response amplitude gain can better describe the amplification of signal amplitude after passing through the nonlinear system, but cannot reflect the synchronization and waveform similarity between the system output and the input aperiodic signal. The aperiodic resonance occurs at the valley corresponding to the cross-correlation coefficient and the peak corresponding the response amplitude gain. The aperiodic resonance locations reflected on both the cross-correlation coefficient and the response amplitude gain curves are the same. The bit error rate can describe the synchronization between the system output and the input signal at appropriate thresholds, as well as the degree to which the aperiodic signal is amplified after passing through the nonlinear system. The bit error rate curve can directly indicate the resonance region of the aperiodic resonance. The aperiodic resonance can occur in a nonlinear system excited by a single aperiodic binary or M-ary signal, and its aperiodic resonance effect needs to be measured by combining the cross-correlation coefficient, response amplitude gain, bit error rate and other indices together.
Numerical simulation of germanium selenide heterojunction solar cell
Authors: Xiao You-Peng , Wang Huai-Ping , Feng Lin ,   Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application, Ministry of Education, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China,   School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
Published: September 2023

One of the research hotspots in thin film solar cell technology is to seek the suitable absorber layer materials to replace cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium selenium. Recently, germanium selenide (GeSe) with excellent photoelectric property has entered the field of vision of photovoltaic researchers. The main factors affecting the performance of heterojunction solar cell are the material properties of each functional layer, the device configuration, and the interface characteristics at the heterostructure. In this study, we utilize GeSe as the absorber layer, and assemble it with stable TiO2 as electron transport layer and with Cu2O as hole transport layer, respectively, into a heterojunction solar cell with the FTO/TiO2/GeSe/Cu2O/Metal structure. The TiO2 and Cu2O can form small spike-like conduction band offset and valence band offset with the absorber layer, respectively, which do not hinder majority carrier transport but can effectively suppress carrier recombination at the heterointerface. Subsequently, the wxAMPS software is used to simulate and analyze the effects of functional layer material parameters, heterointerface characteristics, and operating temperature on the performance parameters of the proposed solar cell. Considering the practical application, the relevant material parameters are selected carefully. After being optimized at 300 K, the proposed GeSe heterojunction solar cell can reach an open circuit voltage of 0.752 V, a short circuit current of 40.71 mA·cm–2, a filling factor of 82.89%, and a conversion efficiency of 25.39%. It is anticipated from the results that the GeSe based heterojunction solar cell with a structure of FTO/TiO2/GeSe/Cu2O/Au has the potential to become a high-efficiency, low toxicity, and low-cost photovoltaic device. Simulation analysis also provides some references for designing and preparing the heterojunction solar cells.
Hubble-constant crisis
Authors: CAI Rong-Gen , LI Li , WANG Shao-Jiang ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,   Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China,   Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study (HIAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China
Published: September 2023

The Hubble constant quantitatively characterizes the expansion rate of the current Universe, and its precise measurement has become a crucial scientific problem. In recent years, there has been an increasingly serious discrepancy between the local direct measurements of the Hubble constant and the global fitting results, where the local direct measurements come from the local distance ladder measurements of the late universe, and the global fitting results come from fitting the standard model of cosmology to the microwave background radiation from the early universe. If this discrepancy is not caused by the observation error and systematic error of any of the observation methods, it probably means that there is a new physics beyond the existing standard model of cosmology. This article briefly reviews the Hubble constant problem from two aspects with observational and theoretical points of view, and finally provide a perspective view from both observational and theoretical aspects by combining the author’s research on this problem in recent years. The observational review includes cosmological observations from both early Universe (either depending or independent of the CMB measurements) and late Universe (either depending or independent of the distant-ladder measurements), and the theoretical review includes model buildings from modifying both early Universe (either recombination history or expansion history) and late Universe (either homogeneous modifications or inhomogeneous modifications). The final observational perspective includes both local and non-local cosmic variances with their Hubble residual correlated to the matter density contrasts of observer and sample, respectively, and the final theoretical perspective concludes the interacting dark energy model as the most promising candidate for both Hubble tension and S8 tension, which can be specifically realized in a chameleon dark energy model, pointing to a scale-dependent effective cosmological constant.
Clinical and Diagnostic Characteristics of Calcaneal Apophysitis: A Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Fares Mohamad Y. , Baydoun Hasan , Khachfe Hussein H. , Salhab Hamza A. , Fares Jawad , Musharrafieh Umayya
Published: September 2023

Background: Calcaneal apophysitis is an overuse injury in pediatric patients that causes heel pain and reduction in function. The aim of this study is to explore this condition and offer medical insight into its presentation and symptomatology, along with current treatment options.

Methods: We explored PubMed/Medline for studies involving calcaneal apophysitis in pediatric patients. The search included all articles published from database inception until June 1, 2021. We only included articles published in English. Clinical information and demographics extracted from the reported studies were analyzed and assessed.

Results: Only 28 studies met our criteria, with a total of 1,362 cases. Of the cases reported, 973 affected boys (71.4%). Presentation was bilateral in 589 cases (43.2%) and unilateral in 433 cases (31.8%). Radiographic imaging was used for the diagnosis of 358 cases (26.3%). All reported treatment modalities were conservative, and these included physical therapy and rest, kinesiotherapy and taping, and orthotic devices. A total of 733 cases (53.7%) reported improved outcomes,32 cases (2.3%) reported no improvement, and the remainder of cases did not report prognostic outcomes (44%).

Conclusions: Calcaneal apophysitis is an overuse disease commonly found in the pediatric population. Educating parents and coaches with regard to its symptomatology, etiology, and treatment is essential to diagnose the condition earlier and provide better outcomes.
Impact of inner ear malformation and cochlear nerve deficiency on the development of auditory-language network in children with profound sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Wang Yaoxuan , Jiang Mengda , Zhu Yuting , Xue Lu , Shu Wenying , Li Xiang , Chen Hongsai , Li Yun , Chen Ying , Chai Yongchuan , Zhang Yu , Chu Yinghua , Song Yang , Tao Xiaofeng , Wang Zhaoyan , Wu Hao
Published: September 2023

Profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) prevents children from developing spoken language. Cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation can provide partial hearing sensation, but language development outcomes can vary, particularly for patients with inner ear malformations and/or cochlear nerve deficiency (IEM&CND). Currently, the peripheral auditory structure is evaluated through visual inspection of clinical imaging, but this method is insufficient for surgical planning and prognosis. The central auditory pathway is also challenging to examine in vivo due to its delicate subcortical structures. Previous attempts to locate subcortical auditory nuclei using fMRI responses to sounds are not applicable to patients with profound hearing loss as no auditory brainstem responses can be detected in these individuals, making it impossible to capture corresponding blood oxygen signals in fMRI. In this study, we developed a new pipeline for mapping the auditory pathway using structural and diffusional MRI. We used a fixel-based approach to investigate the structural development of the auditory-language network for profound SNHL children with normal peripheral structure and those with IEM&CND under 6 years old. Our findings indicate that the language pathway is more sensitive to peripheral auditory condition than the central auditory pathway, highlighting the importance of early intervention for profound SNHL children to provide timely speech inputs. We also propose a comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation extending from the cochlea to the auditory-language network, showing significant correlations between age, gender, Cn.VIII median contrast value, and the language network with post-implant qualitative outcomes.
Conflicts are represented in a cognitive space to reconcile domain-general and domain-specific cognitive control
Authors: Yang Guochun , Wu Haiyan , Li Qi , Liu Xun , Fu Zhongzheng , Jiang Jiefeng
Published: September 2023

Cognitive control resolves conflicts between task-relevant and -irrelevant information to enable goal-directed behavior. As conflicts can arise from different sources (e.g., sensory input, internal representations), how a finite set of cognitive control processes can effectively address potentially infinite conflicts remains a major challenge. Based on the cognitive space theory, different conflicts can be parameterized and represented as distinct points in a (low-dimensional) cognitive space, which can then be resolved by a limited set of cognitive control processes working along the dimensions. It leads to a hypothesis that conflicts similar in their sources are also represented similarly in the cognitive space. We designed a task with five types of conflicts that could be conceptually parameterized. Both human performance and fMRI activity patterns in the right dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) support that different types of conflicts are organized based on their similarity, thus suggesting cognitive space as a principle for representing conflicts.
Associative memory neurons of encoding multi-modal signals are recruited by neuroligin-3-mediated new synapse formation
Authors: Xu Yang , Cui Tian-liang , Li Jia-yi , Chen Bingchen , Wang Jin-Hui
Published: September 2023

The joint storage and reciprocal retrieval of learnt associated signals are presumably encoded by associative memory cells. In the accumulation and enrichment of memory contents in lifespan, a signal often becomes a core signal associatively shared for other signals. One specific group of associative memory neurons that encode this core signal likely interconnects multiple groups of associative memory neurons that encode these other signals for their joint storage and reciprocal retrieval. We have examined this hypothesis in a mouse model of associative learning by pairing the whisker tactile signal sequentially with the olfactory signal, the gustatory signal, and the tail-heating signal. Mice experienced this associative learning show the whisker fluctuation induced by olfactory, gustatory, and tail-heating signals, or the other way around, that is, memories to multi-modal associated signals featured by their reciprocal retrievals. Barrel cortical neurons in these mice become able to encode olfactory, gustatory, and tail-heating signals alongside the whisker signal. Barrel cortical neurons interconnect piriform, S1-Tr, and gustatory cortical neurons. With the barrel cortex as the hub, the indirect activation occurs among piriform, gustatory, and S1-Tr cortices for the second-order associative memory. These associative memory neurons recruited to encode multi-modal signals in the barrel cortex for associative memory are downregulated by neuroligin-3 knockdown. Thus, associative memory neurons can be recruited as the core cellular substrate to memorize multiple associated signals for the first-order and the second-order of associative memories by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation, which constitutes neuronal substrates of cognitive activities in the field of memoriology.
Vglut2-based glutamatergic signaling in central noradrenergic neurons is dispensable for normal breathing and chemosensory reflexes
Authors: Chang Yuan , Lusk Savannah , Chang Andersen , Ward Christopher S , Ray Russell S
Published: September 2023

Central noradrenergic (NA) neurons are key constituents of the respiratory homeostatic network. NA dysfunction is implicated in several developmental respiratory disorders including Congenital Central Hyperventilation Syndrome (CCHS), Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and Rett Syndrome. The current unchallenged paradigm in the field, supported by multiple studies, is that glutamate co-transmission in subsets of central NA neurons plays a role in breathing control. If true, NA-glutamate co-transmission may also be mechanistically important in respiratory disorders. However, the requirement of NA-derived glutamate in breathing has not been directly tested and the extent of glutamate co-transmission in the central NA system remains uncharacterized. Therefore, we fully characterized the cumulative fate maps and acute adult expression patterns of all three vesicular glutamate transporters (Slc17a7 (Vglut1), Slc17a6 (Vglut2), and Slc17a8 (Vglut3)) in NA neurons, identifying a novel, dynamic expression pattern for Vglut2 and an undescribed co-expression domain for Vglut3 in the NA system. In contrast to our initial hypothesis that NA-derived glutamate is required to breathing, our functional studies showed that loss of Vglut2 throughout the NA system failed to alter breathing or metabolism under room air, hypercapnia, or hypoxia in unrestrained and unanesthetized mice. These data demonstrate that Vglut2-based glutamatergic signaling within the central NA system is not required for normal baseline breathing and hypercapnic, hypoxic chemosensory reflexes. These outcomes challenge the current understanding of central NA neurons in the control of breathing and suggests that glutamate may not be a critical target to understand NA neuron dysfunction in respiratory diseases.