bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Estimation of Nonlinear Thermal Conductivity of SAE 1020 Steel
Authors: de Oliveira Ariel Flores Monteiro , Magalhães Elisan dos Santos , Zilnyk Kahl Dick , Le Masson Philippe , Nascimento Ernandes José Gonçalves do
Published: May 2024

Thermally characterizing high-thermal conductivity materials is challenging, especially considering high temperatures. However, the modeling of heat transfer processes requires specific material information. The present study addresses an inverse approach to estimate the thermal conductivity of SAE 1020 relative to temperature during an autogenous LASER Beam Welding (LBW) experiment. The temperature profile during LBW is computed with the aid of an in-house CUDA-C algorithm. Here, the governing three-dimensional heat diffusion equation is discretized through the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and solved using the Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) parallelized iterative solver. With temperature information, one may employ a minimization procedure to assess thermal properties or process parameters. In this work, the Quadrilateral Optimization Method (QOM) is applied to perform estimations because it allows for the simultaneous optimization of variables with no quantity restriction and renders the assessment of parameters in unsteady states valid, thereby preventing the requirement for steady-state experiments. We extended QOM’s prior applicability to account for more parameters concurrently. In Case I, the optimization of the three parameters that compose the second-degree polynomial function model of thermal conductivity is performed. In Case II, the heat distribution model’s gross heat rate (Ω) is also estimated in addition to the previous parameters. Ω [W] quantifies the power the sample receives and is related to the process’s efficiency. The method’s suitability for estimating the parameters was confirmed by investigating the reduced sensitivity coefficients, while the method’s stability was corroborated by performing the estimates with noisy data. There is a good agreement between the reference and estimated values. Hence, this study introduces a proper methodology for estimating a temperature-dependent thermal property and an LBW parameter. As the performance of the present algorithm is increased using parallel computation, a pondered solution between estimation reliability and computational cost is achieved.
Advancements in The Cross-Linking and Morphology of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zając Weronika , Kisiel Maciej , Mossety-Leszczak Beata
Published: May 2024

The liquid crystal state (LC) in polymer chemistry is a topic discussed in varied materials research. The anisotropic properties typical of these compounds are mostly the result of the presence of mesogens in the structure of liquid crystals. This article traces the development of liquid crystal science, focusing on liquid crystal epoxy resins (LCERs) and emphasizing the crucial role of mesogens and their diverse effect on the materials. It also highlights the importance of understanding the morphology of LC polymers, explaining their profound impact on material properties and performance. It explores the cross-linking process of liquid crystal resins and composites, describing how changes in structural factors affect material structure. The article also provides information about hardeners and their influence on the cross-linked structure. Various nanofillers were also discussed, elucidating their impact on the resulting composites.
Genetic Evidence for the Presence of Wild-Caught Sturgeons in Commercial Markets in Georgia
Authors: Beridze Tamar , White Shannon L. , Kazyak David C. , Ninua Levan , Fox Dewayne , Sethuraman Arun , Edisherashvili Tamari , Roberts Bianca , Potskhishvili Mikheil , Klailova Michelle , Anderson Cort
Published: May 2024

Sturgeons (Family: Acipenseridae) are among the most endangered taxa worldwide. Significant resources have been invested into the conservation of global sturgeon populations, including the development of commercial aquaculture programs. These programs are intended to improve conservation outcomes by reducing the harvest of wild populations while still meeting commercial demand for sturgeon products. However, there is growing concern that commercial aquaculture programs may contribute to wild population declines through continued, illegal harvest and the escape and/or release of captive individuals into wild environments. These concerns may be particularly acute in the country of Georgia which, despite its small territory and altered landscape, is a globally significant hotspot for sturgeon diversity. In order to understand the potential threat of captive culture on wild sturgeon populations in Georgia, we used mitochondrial DNA sequencing and microsatellite analyses to identify the species and origin of sturgeons encountered in commercial settings. Microsatellite analyses showed significant differentiation between wild and commercial Russian sturgeon populations and highlighted the potential for wild-caught individuals to be present in coastal markets in Georgia. The analyses of mitochondrial haplotypes also suggested that commercial markets may contain sturgeon species that are not native to the region. Overall, our results suggest that wild sturgeon populations may still be exploited to support captive aquaculture programs and commercial sales.
Conflict Governance between Protected Areas and Surrounding Communities: Willingness and Behaviors of Communities—Empirical Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Ma Li , Wu Jiayang , Zhang Han , Lobora Alex , Hou Yilei , Wen Yali
Published: May 2024

Under the dual pressures of climate change and human activities, the restrictions imposed by conservation policies, along with the increasing overlap between wildlife protected areas (PAs) and community living areas, have intensified the contradictions and conflicts between PAs and surrounding communities. Effective governance of such conflicts is particularly crucial to reconciling the contradictions between conservation and development. This study takes the Mikumi–Selous areas in Tanzania, Africa, as a case study. Through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, it explores the current state of conflicts between PAs and communities in the study area and summarizes conflict governance measures. Moreover, this research focuses on identifying various factors that influence the conservation willingness and action of community residents, further validating the relationships between residents’ household characteristics, conservation costs and benefits, conservation cognition, willingness, and behaviors through empirical analysis methods. The results indicate that residents’ conservation cognition significantly positively impacts their conservation willingness and behaviors, while conservation willingness also positively affects their conservation behaviors. Additionally, it was found that conservation costs inhibit residents’ conservation willingness and behaviors. This study primarily explores, from a community governance perspective, the participation willingness and behaviors of core stakeholders in conflict governance, emphasizing the critical role of community involvement in achieving biodiversity conservation and coordinated community development and providing a new perspective for alleviating conservation and development issues.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Lateral Flow Immunochromatography Technology for Rapid Diagnosis of Influenza A/B
Authors: Jang Woong Sik , Lee Jun Min , Lee Eunji , Park Seoyeon , Lim Chae Seung
Published: May 2024

Influenza viruses cause highly contagious respiratory diseases that cause millions of deaths worldwide. Rapid detection of influenza viruses is essential for accurate diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatment. We developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification and lateral flow assay (LAMP-LFA) capable of simultaneously detecting influenza A and influenza B. Primer sets for influenza A and influenza B were designed to target conserved regions of segment 7 and the nucleoprotein gene, respectively. Optimized through various primer set ratios, the assay operated at 62 °C for 30 min. For a total of 243 (85 influenza A positive, 58 influenza B positive and 100 negative) nasopharyngeal swab samples, the performance of the influenza A/B multiplex LAMP-LFA was compared with that of the commercial AllplexTM Respiratory Panel 1 assay (Seegene, Seoul, Korea). The influenza A/B multiplex LAMP-LFA demonstrated a specificity of 98% for the non-infected clinical samples, along with sensitivities of 94.1% for the influenza A clinical samples and 96.6% for the influenza B clinical samples, respectively. The influenza A/B multiplex LAMP-LFA showed high sensitivity and specificity, indicating that it is reliable for use in a low-resource environment.
A Review of the CACNA Gene Family: Its Role in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Szymanowicz Oliwia , Drużdż Artur , Słowikowski Bartosz , Pawlak Sandra , Potocka Ewelina , Goutor Ulyana , Konieczny Mateusz , Ciastoń Małgorzata , Lewandowska Aleksandra , Jagodziński Paweł P. , Kozubski Wojciech , Dorszewska Jolanta
Published: May 2024

Calcium channels are specialized ion channels exhibiting selective permeability to calcium ions. Calcium channels, comprising voltage-dependent and ligand-gated types, are pivotal in neuronal function, with their dysregulation is implicated in various neurological disorders. This review delves into the significance of the CACNA genes, including CACNA1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1E, CACNA1G, and CACNA1H, in the pathogenesis of conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, and cerebellar atrophy. Specifically, variants in CACNA1A have been linked to familial hemiplegic migraine and epileptic seizures, underscoring its importance in neurological disease etiology. Furthermore, different genetic variants of CACNA1B have been associated with migraine susceptibility, further highlighting the role of CACNA genes in migraine pathology. The complex relationship between CACNA gene variants and neurological phenotypes, including focal seizures and ataxia, presents a variety of clinical manifestations of impaired calcium channel function. The aim of this article was to explore the role of CACNA genes in various neurological disorders, elucidating their significance in conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, and cerebellar ataxias. Further exploration of CACNA gene variants and their interactions with molecular factors, such as microRNAs, holds promise for advancing our understanding of genetic neurological disorders.
Lichen Amyloidosis in an Atopic Patient Treated with Dupilumab: A New Therapeutic Option
Authors: Tirone Benedetta , Cazzato Gerardo , Ambrogio Francesca , Foti Caterina , Bellino Marco
Published: May 2024

Lichen amyloidosis (LA) is a type of cutaneous amyloidosis characterized by brownish hyperkeratotic and itchy papules on the lower leg, back, forearm, or thigh. It is associated with itching and atopic dermatitis (AD) according to an etiopathogenetic mechanism that has not yet been fully elucidated. Currently, the available therapies for this condition include oral antihistamines, laser, cyclosporine, topical corticosteroids, and phototherapy, but, in light of the overlap with AD, Dupilumab may also be indicated. We report the case of a female, 52 years old, who had been suffering from AD and LA for about 27 years. She had lesions attributable to both diseases on the trunk and lower limbs associated with severe itching and had proved resistant to cyclosporine therapy. It was decided to opt for Dupilumab with the induction of 2 fl of 300 mg and maintenance with 1 fl every other week. The therapy proved to be effective, returning a total resolution of both diseases one year after the beginning of the treatment. Dupilumab demonstrated efficacy and safety in the LA related to AD and led to clinical and quality of life improvements in this patient. Therefore, Dupilumab should be considered when treating LA. Further studies should be conducted focusing on the efficacy of the drug on LA (whether or not related to AD), changes in the skin lesions after discontinuation, and the safety of long-term application.
Long COVID in Children, Adults, and Vulnerable Populations: A Comprehensive Overview for an Integrated Approach
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Zanelli Sara , Foppiani Andrea , Verduci Elvira , Benatti Beatrice , Bollina Roberto , Bombaci Francesco , Brucato Antonio , Cammarata Selene , Calabrò Elisa , Cirnigliaro Giovanna , Della Torre Silvia , Dell’osso Bernardo , Moltrasio Chiara , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Nostro Chiara , Romagnuolo Maurizio , Trotta Lucia , Savasi Valeria , Smiroldo Valeria , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: May 2024

Long COVID affects both children and adults, including subjects who experienced severe, mild, or even asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have provided a comprehensive overview of the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of persistent COVID-19 symptoms in both children and adults, encompassing vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and oncological patients. Our objective is to emphasize the critical significance of adopting an integrated approach for the early detection and appropriate management of long COVID. The incidence and severity of long COVID symptoms can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and the course of disease in the case of pre-existing pathologies. Particularly, in fragile and vulnerable patients, the presence of PASC is related to significantly worse survival, independent from pre-existing vulnerabilities and treatment. It is important try to achieve an early recognition and management. Various mechanisms are implicated, resulting in a wide range of clinical presentations. Understanding the specific mechanisms and risk factors involved in long COVID is crucial for tailoring effective interventions and support strategies. Management approaches involve comprehensive biopsychosocial assessments and treatment of symptoms and comorbidities, such as autonomic dysfunction, as well as multidisciplinary rehabilitation. The overall course of long COVID is one of gradual improvement, with recovery observed in the majority, though not all, of patients. As the research on long-COVID continues to evolve, ongoing studies are likely to shed more light on the intricate relationship between chronic diseases, such as oncological status, cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric disorders, and the persistent effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This information could guide healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers in developing targeted interventions.
Science Achievement of Multilingual Pupils: A Study on the Effectiveness of a Read-Aloud Assessment Accommodation
Authors: De Backer Fauve , Dewulf Lisa
Published: May 2024

To date, empirical investigations of the effects of test accommodations on the actual achievement of multilingual pupils have been inconclusive. In this present study, we investigated whether read-aloud accommodation contributes to better results in terms of science achievement for multilingual pupils. A computer-based science test, conducted with or without read-aloud accommodation, was administered to 1022 5th-grade pupils in 36 Flemish primary schools. We assessed the hypotheses that, first, pupils in a condition with accommodation perform better than their non-accommodated peers, and second, certain background characteristics are related to science achievement for different groups of pupils. The results indicate that read-aloud accommodation in language education does not significantly contribute to making assessments fairer. Overall, parental job status, grade retention, migration status, and self-reported oral proficiency significantly predicted pupils’ science achievement. For pupils taking an accommodated test, their age of arrival and the language they spoke at home did not significantly relate to their science achievement, but their self-rated literacy skills in the language of schooling did.
New Directions for Arts Education through the Health Humanities: Wellness, Care and Interdisciplinary Learning Using Creative Elaboration
Authors: Little Rina Kundu , Little Jonathan David
Published: May 2024

Psychological research has shown that empathy and compassion can be developed through mediation, simulation and embodiment techniques that foster benevolence and kindness, attributes and actions that play a major role in increasing subjective feelings of happiness and overall wellbeing. Our exercise of having students re-write the ending with a more positive outcome and re-draw the cover for the famous 19th century short story “The Yellow Wallpaper” serves as a model for future art education practices interested in promoting positive psychological experiences that can be used for enhanced self-care and empathy development.
Gender Asymmetries: An Exploratory Study of Women’s Experiences in Portuguese Football Organizations
Authors: Santos Maria Helena , Marques António Manuel , Salvador Joana
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this exploratory study is to analyze the negative effects associated with the phenomenon of tokenism for Portuguese women in non-playing football roles, as well as their strategies for integration into a context where they are a minority and the social functions are dominated by men. To this end, we carried out semi-structured individual interviews with eight men and eight women, undertaking functions in the fields of coaching, psychology, medical team, planning, refereeing, and management in football organizations, and with their contents then subject to thematic analysis. Our analysis confirms how the football context strongly demarcates gender differences with women being more visible and leads to the stereotypical roles being associated with traditional femininity. The findings also observe how, in order to integrate, women align with the norms imposed by the dominant group (men) and accept being circumscribed to the spaces that hegemonic gender ideologies and practices attribute to them.
Design and Evaluation of a Collective Preventive Program for Musical Performance Anxiety (ConfiDance)
Authors: Gómez-López Belén , Sánchez-Cabrero Roberto
Published: May 2024

Musical performance anxiety (MPA) is considered a subtype of social phobia and affects musicians who must face musical exposure in public, potentially severely affecting their emotional stability and significantly impairing the quality of their performance. This research has utilized previous scientific knowledge on the issue and a qualitative approach to musicians’ needs through focus groups in order to design a collective preventive program for MPA that could be implemented within the training curriculum of professional musicians. To evaluate the adequacy of the preventive program ‘ConfiDance’, a pilot test was conducted with a sample of 17 professional musicians in training, all post-graduate students in classical music performance. For the pilot test, a quasi-experimental model with a repeated measures methodology (pre-post and one-year follow-up after application) was carried out. The results indicate a significant decrease in MPA after the program implementation, with a notable improvement in effect one year post-application, demonstrating an even greater positive impact over time. These data should be interpreted cautiously due to sample limitations but represent an opportunity for the future implementation of a program that can prevent and treat MPA in music education centers.
A Novel Multi-LiDAR-Based Point Cloud Stitching Method Based on a Constrained Particle Filter
Authors: Ji Gaofan , He Yunhan , Li Chuanxiang , Fan Li , Wang Haibo , Zhu Yantong
Published: May 2024

In coal-fired power plants, coal piles serve as the fundamental management units. Acquiring point clouds of coal piles facilitates the convenient measurement of daily coal consumption and combustion efficiency. When using servo motors to drive Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanning of large-scale coal piles, the motors are subject to rotational errors due to gravitational effects. As a result, the acquired point clouds often contain significant noise. To address this issue, we proposes a Rapid Point Cloud Stitching–Constrained Particle Filter (RPCS-CPF) method. By introducing random noise to simulate servo motor rotational errors, both local and global point clouds are sequentially subjected to RPCS-CPF operations, resulting in smooth and continuous coal pile point clouds. Moreover, this paper presents a coal pile boundary detection method based on gradient region growing clustering. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed RPCS-CPF method can generate smooth and continuous coal pile point clouds, even in the presence of servo motor rotational errors.
Research on Low-Insertion-Loss Packaging Materials for DC-6 GHz Attenuation Chips
Authors: Wei Zhijie , Yu Shenglin , Wei Pengcheng
Published: May 2024

In the DC-6 GHz band, low-insertion-loss packaging materials were investigated to effectively reduce the heat generated during the working process of the attenuation chip. Based on the working principle of the attenuation chip, when the signal passes through the attenuation chip resistor network, it results in energy loss. This means that the insertion loss of the chip generates heat, which leads to an uneven heat dissipation of the chip and thus functional failure. The microwave characteristics of the packaged joints were investigated using different packaging techniques. The results show that the S21 and S11 of the attenuation chip after nano-silver and Au80Sn20 packaging are optimal in the frequency band of DC-6 GHz, and the insertion loss is low compared with the commonly used packaging materials Sn60Pb40 and Sn96.5Ag3.5, which reduces the heat loss and improves the reliability of the attenuation chip packaging.
Shaping of the Frequency Response of Photoacoustic Cells with Multi-Cavity Structures
Authors: Porakowski Wiktor , Starecki Tomasz
Published: May 2024

In the great majority of cases, the design of resonant photoacoustic cells is based on the use of resonators excited at the frequencies of their main resonances. This work presents a solution in which the use of a multi-cavity structure with the appropriate selection of the mechanical parameters of the cavities and the interconnecting ducts allows for the shaping of the frequency response of the cell. Such solutions may be particularly useful when the purpose of the designed cells is operation at multiple frequencies, e.g., in applications with the simultaneous detection of multiple gaseous compounds. The concept is tested with cells made using 3D printing technology. The measured frequency responses of the tested cells show very good agreement with the simulation results. This allows for an approach in which the development of a cell with the desired frequency response can be initially based on modeling, without the need for the time-consuming and expensive process of manufacturing and measuring numerous modifications of the cell.
A Novel Weighted Block Sparse DOA Estimation Based on Signal Subspace under Unknown Mutual Coupling
Authors: Liu Yulong , Yin Yingzeng , Lu Hongmin , Tong Kuan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a novel weighted block sparse method based on the signal subspace is proposed to realize the Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation under unknown mutual coupling in the uniform linear array. Firstly, the signal subspace is obtained by decomposing the eigenvalues of the sampling covariance matrix. Then, a block sparse model is established based on the deformation of the product of the mutual coupling matrix and the steering vector. Secondly, a suitable set of weighted coefficients is calculated to enhance sparsity. Finally, the optimization problem is transformed into a second-order cone (SOC) problem and solved. Compared with other algorithms, the simulation results of this paper have better performance on DOA accuracy estimation.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation and Energy Efficiency Optimization for a Space–Air–Ground-Integrated Network
Authors: Chen Zhiyu , Zhou Hongxi , Du Siyuan , Liu Jiayan , Zhang Luyang , Liu Qi
Published: May 2024

With the construction and development of the smart grid, the power business puts higher requirements on the communication capability of the network. In order to improve the energy efficiency of the space–air–ground-integrated power three-dimensional fusion communication network, we establish an optimization problem for joint air platform (AP) flight path selection, ground power facility (GPF) association, and power control. In solving the problem, we decompose the problem into two subproblems, one is the AP flight path selection subproblem and the other is the GPF association and power control subproblem. Firstly, based on the GPF distribution and throughput weights, we model the AP flight path selection subproblem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and propose a multi-agent iterative optimization algorithm based on the comprehensive judgment of GPF positions and workload. Secondly, we model the GPF association and power control subproblem as a multi-agent, time-varying K-armed bandit model and propose an algorithm based on multi-agent Temporal Difference (TD) learning. Then, by alternately iterating between the two subproblems, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based joint optimization algorithm. Finally, the simulation results indicate that compared to the three baseline algorithms (random path, average transmit power, and random device association), the proposed algorithm improves an overall energy efficiency of the system of 16.23%, 86.29%, and 5.11% under various conditions (including different noise power levels, GPF bandwidth, and GPF quantities), respectively.
Study on Radiation Damage of Silicon Solar Cell Electrical Parameters by Nanosecond Pulse Laser
Authors: Li Sai , Huang Longcheng , Ye Jifei , Hong Yanji , Wang Ying , Gao Heyan , Cui Qianqian
Published: May 2024

This experimental study investigates the damage effects of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation on silicon solar cells. It encompasses the analysis of transient pulse signal waveform characteristics at the cells’ output and changes in electrical parameters, such as I–V curves before and after laser irradiation under varying laser fluence and background light intensities, and explores the underlying action mechanisms of laser irradiation. The study reveals that as the laser fluence increases up to 4.0 J/cm2, the peak value of the transient pulse signal increases by 47.5%, while the pulse width augments by 88.2% compared to the initial transient pulse signal. Furthermore, certain parameters, such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak power obtained, from the measured I–V curve indicate a threshold laser fluence for functional degradation of the solar cell at approximately 1.18 ± 0.42 J/cm2. Results obtained from laser irradiation under different background light intensities underscore the significant influence of background light on laser irradiation of silicon cells, with the most severe damage occurring in the absence of light. Moreover, findings from laser irradiation at multiple locations on the silicon cell demonstrate a linear decrease in the output voltage of the silicon cell with an increase in the number of irradiation points.
Cloning and Functional Analysis of PmMYB45, a Transcription Factor in Pinus massoniana
Authors: Peng Manqing , Qin Yiyun , He Yuan , He Xin , Zhang Jinfeng , Ji Kongshu
Published: May 2024

MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to be important regulators of plant growth and development, and the R2R3−MYB family plays an important role in the regulation of plant primary and secondary metabolism, growth, and development. In this study, the PmMYB45 gene sequence was successfully cloned from Pinus massoniana, with an open reading frame of 1476 bp, encoding 491 amino acids. The results of subcellular localization and transcriptional self-activation showed that the gene was localized in the nucleus and was self-activating. qPCR showed that the highest expression of PmMYB45 was found in stems. PmMYB45 can promote lignin synthesis when overexpressed in tobacco. These results suggest that PmMYB45 promotes lignin synthesis by regulating the lignin biosynthesis pathway. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis in P. massoniana and provide a basis for molecular breeding functions. It also provides insights into the role of the MYB transcription factor family in lignin accumulation.
Enhancing Cutin Extraction Efficiency from Industrially Derived Tomato Processing Residues by High-Pressure Homogenization
Authors: Eslami Elham , Donsì Francesco , Ferrari Giovanna , Pataro Gianpiero
Published: May 2024

This study primarily aimed to enhance the extraction of cutin from industrial tomato peel residues. Initially, the conventional extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Subsequently, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was introduced to improve extraction efficiency and sustainability. The optimization process focused on determining the optimal conditions for conventional extraction via chemical hydrolysis, including temperature (100–130 °C), time (15–120 min), and NaOH concentration (1–3%). The optimized conditions, determined as 130 °C, 120 min, and 3% NaOH solution, yielded a maximum cutin extraction of 32.5%. Furthermore, the results indicated that applying HPH pre-treatment to tomato peels before alkaline hydrolysis significantly increased the cutin extraction yield, reaching 46.1%. This represents an approximately 42% increase compared to the conventional process. Importantly, HPH pre-treatment enabled cutin extraction under milder conditions using a 2% NaOH solution, reducing NaOH usage by 33%, while still achieving a substantial cutin yield of 45.6%. FT-IR analysis confirmed that cutin obtained via both conventional and HPH-assisted extraction exhibited similar chemical structures, indicating that the main chemical groups and structure of cutin remained unaltered by HPH treatment. Furthermore, cutin extracts from both conventional and HPH-assisted extraction demonstrated thermal stability up to approximately 200 °C, with less than 5% weight loss according to TGA analysis. These findings underscore the potential of HPH technology to significantly enhance cutin extraction yield from tomato peel residues while utilizing milder chemical hydrolysis conditions, thereby promoting a more sustainable and efficient cutin extraction process.
Anthocyanin of Black Highland Barley Alleviates H2O2-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury and Myocardial Infarction via Activating the Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Pathway
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Shu Senbiao , Li Simin , Peng Pai , Zhang Ying , Li Zhaohua , Wang Wenhan
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a substantial global health challenge, with its impact on mortality and morbidity rates surpassing that of cancer. The present study was designed to explore the cardioprotective properties of anthocyanin (ACN), a compound derived from black barley, against oxidative stress-induced damage in myocardial cells and to uncover the molecular mechanisms at play. Utilizing both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, our findings indicate that ACN notably reduced cell damage caused by oxidative stress and effectively prevented apoptosis. High-throughput RNA sequencing analysis has shed light on the mechanism by which ACN achieves its antioxidative stress effects, implicating the PTEN-Akt signaling pathway. ACN was found to modulate PTEN expression levels, which in turn influences the Akt pathway, leading to a reduction in apoptotic processes. This novel insight lays the groundwork for the potential clinical utilization of ACN in the management of CVD. While this study has shed light on some of the functions of ACN, it is important to recognize that natural compounds often interact with multiple molecular targets and engage in intricate signaling cascades. Future research endeavors will concentrate on further elucidating the regulatory mechanisms by which ACN influences PTEN expression, with the goal of enhancing our comprehension and expanding the therapeutic potential of ACN in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions.
Influence of Casting Variables on Release Kinetics of Orally Disintegrating Film
Authors: Shin Jang-Ho , Han Jung-Ah
Published: May 2024

As a new form for supplying vitamin C, orally disintegrating films (ODFs) were developed C based on hyaluronic acid (HA) under varying casting conditions and the properties were analyzed. The films with different thicknesses (2, 3, and 8 mm, for CT2, CT4, and CT8, respectively) were produced by adjustments made to casting height. Two types of 8 mm thick ODFs produced by single or double casting (4 + 4 mm for CTD4+4) methods were also compared. As film thickness increased, water vapor permeability and tensile strength also increased. Even at equal thickness, manufacturing with double casting exhibited a stronger texture and reduced disintegration compared to single casting. All ODFs met the World Health Organization’s recommended daily vitamin C intake (45 mg/day) with a single sheet. Films showed over 80% dissolution in various solvents, adhering to the Hixson–Crowell cube root law, indicating vitamin C release occurred via porous penetration of the eluate. For CT2, CT4, and CTD4+4, vitamin C release was primarily governed by diffusion within the gel matrix and HA erosion. However, for CT8, HA erosion-induced release somewhat dominated. Based on the sensory test, it seems desirable to adjust the thickness of the film to 2 or 4 mm, because a thickness greater than that increased the foreign body sensation due to prolonged residence in the oral cavity.
Effects of Soaking and Germination Treatments on the Nutritional, Anti-Nutritional, and Bioactive Characteristics of Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis L.) and Lima Beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
Authors: Rizvi Qurat Ul Eain Hyder , Guiné Raquel P. F. , Ahmed Naseer , Sheikh Mohd Aaqib , Sharma Paras , Sheikh Imran , Yadav Ajar Nath , Kumar Krishan
Published: May 2024

Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) and adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) are some of the most nutritious underutilized pulses that are significant in being used as basic ingredients for the preparation of various food products. The present study aimed to determine the impact of soaking and germination on nutritional and bioactive components, in vitro protein digestibility, reducing power, metal chelating capacity, antioxidant activity, and anti-nutritional components of lima and adzuki beans. The findings showed that during the germination treatment, the in vitro protein digestibility of lima and adzuki beans increased by 14.75 and 10.98%, respectively. There was an increase in the antioxidant activity of lima beans by 33.48% and adzuki beans by 71.14% after 72 h of germination, respectively. The reducing power assay of lima and adzuki beans indicated an increase of 49.52 and 36.42%, respectively, during germination. Similarly, the flavonoid and metal chelating activity increased in lima and adzuki beans after 72 h of germination. In contrast, the anti-nutrients, such as phytic acid, tannin content, and trypsin inhibitor activity, decreased significantly p < 0.05 after 72 h of germination. These results are encouraging and allow for utilizing the flour obtained from the germinated beans in functional bakery products, which can contribute to eradicating protein deficiency among some population groups. At the same time, promoting soaking and germination of the beans as a way to enhance the nutritional quality and reduce anti-nutrients can contribute to the interest in these underutilized pulses. They could be seen as an additional tool to improve food security.
The Effects of Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide on the Physicochemical, Multiscale Structure and Digestive Properties of Cyperus esculentus Starch
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Liu Yingxu , Sun Tong , Liu Hongcheng , Wang Dawei
Published: May 2024

In this study, we have investigated the effects of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TP) on the pasting, rheological, structural and in vitro digestive properties of Cyperus esculentus starch (CS). The results showed that the addition of TP significantly changed the pasting characteristics of CS, increased the pasting temperature and pasting viscosity, inhibited pasting, reduced the exudation of straight-chain starch and was positively correlated with the amount of TP added. The addition of the appropriate amount of TP could increase its apparent viscosity and enhance its viscoelasticity. The composite system of CS/TP exhibited higher short-range ordered structure and solid dense structure, which protected the crystal structure of CS, but was related to the amount of TP added. In addition, the introduction of TP not only decreased the in vitro digestion rate of CS and increased the content of slow-digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS), but also reduced the degree of digestion. Correlation studies established that TP could improve the viscoelasticity, relative crystallinity and short-range order of the CS/TP composite gel, maintain the integrity of the starch granule and crystalline structure, reduce the degree of starch pasting and strengthen the gel network structure of CS, which could help to lower the digestibility of CS.
Fractal Features of Muscle to Quantify Fatty Infiltration in Aging and Pathology
Authors: Zaia Annamaria , Zannotti Martina , Losa Lucia , Maponi Pierluigi
Published: May 2024

The physiological loss of muscle mass and strength with aging is referred to as “sarcopenia”, whose combined effect with osteoporosis is a serious threat to the elderly, accounting for decreased mobility and increased risk of falls with consequent fractures. In previous studies, we observed a high degree of inter-individual variability in paraspinal muscle fatty infiltration, one of the most relevant indices of muscle wasting. This aspect led us to develop a computerized method to quantitatively characterize muscle fatty infiltration in aging and diseases. Magnetic resonance images of paraspinal muscles from 58 women of different ages (age range of 23–85 years) and physio-pathological status (healthy young, pre-menopause, menopause, and osteoporosis) were used to set up a method based on fractal-derived texture analysis of lean muscle area (contractile muscle) to estimate muscle fatty infiltration. In particular, lacunarity was computed by parameter β from the GBA (gliding box algorithm) curvilinear plot fitted by our hyperbola model function. Succolarity was estimated by parameter µ, for the four main directions through an algorithm implemented with this purpose. The results show that lacunarity, by quantifying muscle fatty infiltration, can discriminate between osteoporosis and healthy aging, while succolarity can separate the other three groups showing similar lacunarity. Therefore, fractal-derived features of contractile muscle, by measuring fatty infiltration, can represent good indices of sarcopenia in aging and disease.
Fractal Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convective Prandtl-Eyring Nanofluid Flow with Space and Temperature-Dependent Heat Source
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Arif Muhammad Shoaib , Mansoor Muavia , Abodayeh Kamaleldin , Baazeem Amani S.
Published: May 2024

An explicit computational scheme is proposed for solving fractal time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). The scheme is a three-stage scheme constructed using the fractal Taylor series. The fractal time order of the scheme is three. The scheme also ensures stability. The approach is utilized to model the time-varying boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid over both stationary and oscillating surfaces, taking into account the influence of heat generation that depends on both space and temperature. The continuity equation of the considered incompressible fluid is discretized by first-order backward difference formulas, whereas the dimensionless Navier–Stokes equation, energy, and equation for nanoparticle volume fraction are discretized by the proposed scheme in fractal time. The effect of different parameters involved in the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction are displayed graphically. The velocity profile rises as the parameter I grows. We primarily apply this computational approach to analyze a non-Newtonian fluid’s fractal time-dependent boundary layer flow over flat and oscillatory sheets. Considering spatial and temperature-dependent heat generation is a crucial factor that introduces additional complexity to the analysis. The continuity equation for the incompressible fluid is discretized using first-order backward difference formulas. On the other hand, the dimensionless Navier–Stokes equation, energy equation, and the equation governing nanoparticle volume fraction are discretized using the proposed fractal time-dependent scheme.
CHANG-ES XXXI—A Decade of CHANG-ES: What We Have Learned from Radio Observations of Edge-on Galaxies
Authors: Irwin Judith , Beck Rainer , Cook Tanden , Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen , English Jayanne , Heesen Volker , Henriksen Richard , Jiang Yan , Li Jiang-Tao , Lu Li-Yuan , Mele Crystal , Müller Ancla , Murphy Eric , Porter Troy , Rand Richard , Skeggs Nathan , Stein Michael , Stein Yelena , Stil Jeroen , Strong Andrew , Walterbos Rene , Wang Q. Daniel , Wiegert Theresa , Yang Yang
Published: May 2024

CHANG-ES (Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an EVLA Survey) is an ambitious project to target 35 nearby disk galaxies that are edge-on to the line of sight. The orientation permits both the disk and halo regions to be studied. The observations were initially at 1.5 GHz (L-band) and 6.0 GHz (C-band) in a variety of VLA array configurations, and in all four Stokes parameters, which allowed for spatially resolved images in total intensity plus polarization. The inclusion of polarization is unique to an edge-on galaxy survey and reveals the galaxies’ halo magnetic fields. This paper will summarize the results to date, some of which are new phenomena, never seen prior to CHANG-ES. For example, we see that ‘X-type’ fields, as well as rotation measure reversals, are common features of spiral galaxies. Further observations at 3.0 GHz (S-band) as well as future scientific opportunities will also be described.
Interprofessional Curriculum Delivery: Experience of a Primary Care Education Program
Authors: Davila Jessica A. , Harada Nancy D. , Rugen Kathryn Wirtz , Gilman Stuart C. , Sansgiry Shubhada
Published: May 2024

Few post-graduate training programs offer a comprehensive curriculum that includes structured clinical experiences to teach interprofessional care. To address this need, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations funded the Centers of Excellence in Primary Care Education (CoEPCE) from 2011–2019 to provide interprofessional curricula for health profession trainees (HPTs), including physician residents, nurse practitioner residents, pharmacy residents, and psychology residents. We examined changes over time in curricular domains, system impacts, and program practices based on HPT survey data and the qualitative evaluation of narrative feedback. An annual survey was administered to participants. Indirect standardized ratios were calculated for interprofessional professional education (IPE) program domains, system impacts, and program practices. Qualitative responses were coded based on curricular domains and key program components. The study cohort included 369 HPTs. Site and profession standardized indirect ratios across all professions indicated improvements in curricular domains, system impacts, and program practices, with significant differences observed for associated health HPTs as compared to other HPTs for performance improvement. Qualitative data indicated that profession was associated with differences in perceptions of the curriculum. Although improvements occurred over time, our findings support the need for the thoughtful consideration of profession-specific identity characteristics when designing interprofessional curricula.
Exploration of an Open Vocabulary Model on Semantic Segmentation for Street Scene Imagery
Authors: Zeng Zichao , Boehm Jan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of an open vocabulary, multi-modal, foundation model for the semantic segmentation of images from complex urban street scenes. Unlike traditional models reliant on predefined category sets, Grounded SAM uses arbitrary textual inputs for category definition, offering enhanced flexibility and adaptability. The model’s performance was evaluated across single and multiple category tasks using the benchmark datasets Cityscapes, BDD100K, GTA5, and KITTI. The study focused on the impact of textual input refinement and the challenges of classifying visually similar categories. Results indicate strong performance in single-category segmentation but highlighted difficulties in multi-category scenarios, particularly with categories bearing close textual or visual resemblances. Adjustments in textual prompts significantly improved detection accuracy, though challenges persisted in distinguishing between visually similar objects such as buses and trains. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art models revealed Grounded SAM’s competitive performance, particularly notable given its direct inference capability without extensive dataset-specific training. This feature is advantageous for resource-limited applications. The study concludes that while open vocabulary models such as Grounded SAM mark a significant advancement in semantic segmentation, further improvements in integrating image and text processing are essential for better performance in complex scenarios.
Cybercrime Intention Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kassa Yidnekachew Worku , James Joshua Isaac , Belay Elefelious Getachew
Published: May 2024

In this systematic literature review, we delve into the realm of intention recognition within the context of digital forensics and cybercrime. The rise of cybercrime has become a major concern for individuals, organizations, and governments worldwide. Digital forensics is a field that deals with the investigation and analysis of digital evidence in order to identify, preserve, and analyze information that can be used as evidence in a court of law. Intention recognition is a subfield of artificial intelligence that deals with the identification of agents’ intentions based on their actions and change of states. In the context of cybercrime, intention recognition can be used to identify the intentions of cybercriminals and even to predict their future actions. Employing a PRISMA systematic review approach, we curated research articles from reputable journals and categorized them into three distinct modeling approaches: logic-based, classical machine learning-based, and deep learning-based. Notably, intention recognition has transcended its historical confinement to network security, now addressing critical challenges across various subdomains, including social engineering attacks, artificial intelligence black box vulnerabilities, and physical security. While deep learning emerges as the dominant paradigm, its inherent lack of transparency poses a challenge in the digital forensics landscape. However, it is imperative that models developed for digital forensics possess intrinsic attributes of explainability and logical coherence, thereby fostering judicial confidence, mitigating biases, and upholding accountability for their determinations. To this end, we advocate for hybrid solutions that blend explainability, reasonableness, efficiency, and accuracy. Furthermore, we propose the creation of a taxonomy to precisely define intention recognition, paving the way for future advancements in this pivotal field.