bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Low-Power and High Speed Approximate Adders Using CNFETs
Authors: Bhargav Avireni , Huynh Phat
Published: December 2021

Adders are constituted as the fundamental blocks of arithmetic circuits and are considered important for computation devices. Approximate computing has become a popular and developing area, promising to provide energy-efficient circuits with low power and high performance. In this paper, 10T approximate adder (AA) and 13T approximate adder (AA) designs using carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET) technology are presented. The simulation for the proposed 10T approximate adder and 13T approximate adder designs were carried out using the HSPICE tool with 32 nm CNFET technology. The metrics, such as average power, power-delay product (PDP), energy delay product (EDP) and propagation delay, were carried out through the HSPICE tool and compared to the existing circuit designs. The supply voltage Vdd provided for the proposed circuit designs was 0.9 V. The results indicated that among the existing full adders and approximate adders found in the review of adders, the proposed circuits consumed less PDP and minimum power with more accuracy.
Can Electrochemical Sensors Be Used for Identification and Phylogenetic Studies in Lamiaceae?
Authors: Wang Da , Li Dongling , Fu Li , Zheng Yuhong , Gu Yonghua , Chen Fei , Zhao Shichao
Published: December 2021

Electrochemical sensors have shown potential in recent years for plant species identification and phylogenetic studies. These works have been used to investigate the affinities of different species in many genera. However, the ability of electrochemical sensors to study relationships between different genera within a family has not been investigated. In this work, we selected 31 species in the Labiatae and 5 exotaxa as subjects to investigate the feasibility of electrochemical sensors at the genus level. The results show that electrochemical sensors are still very effective for the identification of these plants. Different pattern recognition techniques can make the identification more efficient. Also, the fingerprint profiles collected by the sensors can be used for phylogenetic studies of Labiatae. The phylogram divides all the species into five clusters, where the exotaxa are in one cluster. Species in the Labiatae are mainly distributed in four other clusters. Importantly, the different genera of species all showed close affinities, representing that electrochemical fingerprinting can well distinguish the affinities between the different genera. The results of this work demonstrate the great potential of electrochemical sensors in the study of plant phylogeny. Its application is not limited to the study at the species level, but can be extended to the genus level.
Pack for Sustainability: Navigating through Uncharted Educational Landscapes
Authors: Jónsson Ólafur Páll , Macdonald Allyson
Published: December 2021

The worlds of education and learning have for the last few decades been characterized by reactions to the detrimental human impact on the environment, which is measured on such a scale that scholars now refer to the present epoch as the Anthropocene. In order to develop ideas and practices that could guide us into place-based research and an emancipatory relationship between pedagogy and knowledge, the focus needs to shift from what to teach and why (Knowledge and Curriculum) and concern over how learning is evaluated (Assessment) to how we should teach (Pedagogy). The acronym PACK (Pedagogy, Assessment, Curriculum, and Knowledge) turned into the idea of packing for a trip into uncharted educational territory, taking with us several gadgets that might be useful. Our own journey emerged as a dialogue between a philosopher and a science educator. Building on experiences from global work to regional research and a university chairmanship for sustainability, we tried to pack some big ideas for educators to take along, helping them navigate the educational landscapes ahead.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivation Using Vermicompost-Amended Soil as an Aspect of Sustainable Plant Production
Authors: Pączka Grzegorz , Mazur-Pączka Anna , Garczyńska Mariola , Kostecka Joanna , Butt Kevin R.
Published: December 2021

To achieve higher yields and maximum plant growth, excessive amounts of inorganic fertilisers are often applied to soils, affecting human and animal health and leading to the degradation of environmental resources. The use of organic fertilisers is proposed as an alternative to mineral fertilisation. One of the more frequently used organic fertilisers is vermicompost, which contains nutrients for plants in readily available forms and is characterised by the slow release of macronutrients and microelements into the soil environment. In a two-year field study, an attempt was made to use vermicompost produced from the waste mass of littoral plants as a soil amendment in the cultivation of garlic (Allium sativum). The experiment was conducted on raised beds with three treatments which were substitution of 10%, 25% and 50% vermicompost (V10, V25 and V50, respectively) to a heavy clay soil (SL), that with no addition acted as a control. Results showed that the 50% vermicompost addition had the most beneficial effect on selected (from a practical point of view) plant traits (e.g., diameter and mean bulb weight, mean number of cloves per bulb and mean clove weight, and mean yield), as well as on the content of macronutrients and microelements in garlic cloves. Lowest values of the analysed traits for A. sativum were found in the SL control group. No significant differences were found for the analysed parameters in the aboveground parts of plants in all the applied substrates.
What Can We Learn from Rural Youth in British Columbia, Canada? Environment and Climate Change—Issues and Solutions
Authors: Udas Pranita Bhushan , Fournier Bonnie , Christianson Tracy , Desbiens Shannon
Published: December 2021

“What can we learn from rural youth?” was a youth-led arts-based participatory action research project carried out to understand and facilitate positive youth development in two rural communities in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Data was collected using photovoice, visual art, journal reflections, and group discussions. During the study, youth expressed a strong connection with nature for their development or wellbeing. Issues such as environmental degradation and climate change were identified as causes for concern. They discussed human responsibility for environmental stewardship both in their local communities and globally. Climate change hazards such as flood and fire, human action leading to environmental pollution, and human responsibility for environmental stewardship surfaced as issues for their development. Youth expressed a felt responsibility to act on climate change and to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the Earth. Based on youth voices, we conclude that attempts to engage youth in climate action without considering their psychosocial wellbeing, may overburden them.
Even Electric Trains Use Coal: Fixed and Relative Costs, Hidden Factors and Income Inequality in HSR Projects with Reference to Vietnam’s North–South Express Railway
Authors: Kaizuka James
Published: December 2021

High-Speed Rail is often advertised as a sustainable alternative to air travel, and accordingly numerous initiatives for the construction of new HSR infrastructure are currently being pursued across Southeast Asia and the globe. However, beneath promises of “zero-emissions travel” frequently lie numerous hidden factors—how much steel is needed to build the railway? What energy sources are being used to generate the electricity which drives the train? Moreover, how many passengers are required for the train to be efficient relative to other forms of transport? This paper seeks to examine these questions to uncover what “hidden factors” may be present in HSR, using Vietnam’s proposed North–South Express Railway (NSER) as an example. This study calculates the CO2 emissions likely to be produced by the NSER from the construction steel and the power consumed in operation using publicly available data on the technical standards of the railway and existing data on emissions per energy source, combining this data with market size analyses of the central provinces of the proposed line based on official population and income statistics across a range of scenarios to estimate what level of ridership will be required to outperform an equivalent-length air journey. The research finds that under current projections, the HSR may emit more CO2 per end-to-end journey than a plane, that even in per-capita terms the emissions may be worse depending on the seat fill rate, and that the market size of Vietnam’s central provinces will present significant challenges in ensuring that the railway is efficient enough to outperform the plane in ridership terms. This demonstrates both the outstanding impacts of coal and other fossil fuel use in the energy mix and the potential link between environmental performance and regional inequality which constitute the hidden costs in HSR projects, and the exacerbated risks to the environment posed by inequality.
China’s “Embedded Neoliberal” Home-Based Elderly Care? A State-Organised System of Neighbourhood Governance
Authors: Zhu Tianke , Jin Jian , Zhu Xigang
Published: December 2021

Embedding the program of elderly care into community-based service system seems to imply that China is reorganising capacities of neighbourhood governance. The program, created by transformation of neighbourhood governance, represented the state government’s frustration with the institutional embodiment of neoliberalism. However, stimulating neighbourhood organisations in elderly care service through involvement of market instruments demonstrated the neoliberal approach. In this study, we provided a research framework in the context of embedded neoliberalism to explore the dilemma of neighbourhood governance in China. By interviewing 100 elderly people in five neighbourhoods in Nanjing, China, we examined the home-based elderly care (HEC) model to analyse the changes in socio-spatial relationships of neighbourhoods. We argued that the state-organised system of market instruments as a form of neighbourhood system weaken the spontaneity of elderly residents in developing social capitals. Moreover, the emerging program is struggling to operate because the devolution of conservative governance capacity from the state to the neighbourhood does not provide resources, leading to the restrained market provision. Thus, this transformation of neighbourhood governance can only be effective if there is a clear complementarity relationship between the role of state and market instruments. The attention of further studies on neighbourhood governance needs to re-examine the reciprocal relationships in the context of declining neoliberalism.
Current Status and Future Directions of Deep Learning Applications for Safety Management in Construction
Authors: Pham Hieu T. T. L. , Rafieizonooz Mahdi , Han SangUk , Lee Dong-Eun
Published: December 2021

The application of deep learning (DL) for solving construction safety issues has achieved remarkable results in recent years that are superior to traditional methods. However, there is limited literature examining the links between DL and safety management and highlighting the contributions of DL studies in practice. Thus, this study aims to synthesize the current status of DL studies on construction safety and outline practical challenges and future opportunities. A total of 66 influential construction safety articles were analyzed from a technical aspect, such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and general neural networks. In the context of safety management, three main research directions were identified: utilizing DL for behaviors, physical conditions, and management issues. Overall, applying DL can resolve important safety challenges with high reliability; therein the CNN-based method and behaviors were the most applied directions with percentages of 75% and 67%, respectively. Based on the review findings, three future opportunities aiming to address the corresponding limitations were proposed: expanding a comprehensive dataset, improving technical restrictions due to occlusions, and identifying individuals who performed unsafe behaviors. This review thus may allow the identification of key areas and future directions where further research efforts need to be made with priority.
Transformational Ability of Energy Network Companies: The Role of Institutional Logics and Boundary Spanners
Authors: Shnayder Larissa , Kranenburg Hans van , Witjes Sjors
Published: December 2021

Energy network companies play a vital role in energy transitions. The transformational ability of these companies influences the process of energy transitions and the effectiveness of policies in this domain. This study shows the need for managers of network companies as well as scholars and policy makers operating in the midst of energy transitions to acknowledge the importance and value of boundary spanners in improving the transformation ability of these companies to play their role in facilitating energy transitions. Evidence comes from an in-depth analysis of an energy network company in the Netherlands. Our findings show that the transformation ability of energy network companies depends on various instances of boundary spanning as these organizations address differing or conflicting intra- and inter-organizational institutional logics when contributing to an energy transition. In the context of energy transitions, inter-organizational boundary spanning generally demands more resources and attention than the spanning of intra-organizational boundaries. Additionally, intra-organizational boundaries affect inter-organizational relationships, particularly in the policy arena. Our findings indicate that to carry out the type of institutional change that an energy transition requires, more attention and resources should be dedicated to intra-organizational boundary spanning, even as the need to connect external stakeholders increases.
Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter in Urban Snowpack Using End-Member Mixing Analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization Model
Authors: Semenov Mikhail Y. , Onishchuk Natalya A. , Netsvetaeva Olga G. , Khodzher Tamara V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to identify particulate matter (PM) sources and to evaluate their contributions to PM in the snowpack of three East Siberian cities. That was the first time when the PM accumulated in the snowpack during the winter was used as the object for source apportionment study in urban environment. The use of long-term integrated PM samples allowed to exclude the influence of short-term weather conditions and anthropogenic activities on PM chemistry. To ascertain the real number of PM sources and their contributions to air pollution the results of source apportionment using positive matrix factorization model (PMF) were for the first time compared to the results obtained using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA). It was found that Si, Fe and Ca were the tracers of aluminosilicates, non-exhaust traffic emissions and concrete deterioration respectively. Aluminum was found to be the tracer of both fossil fuel combustion and aluminum production. The results obtained using EMMA were in good agreement with those obtained using PMF. However, in some cases, the non-point sources identified using PMF were the combinations of two single non-point sources identified using EMMA, whereas the non-point sources identified using EMMA were split by PMF into two single non-point sources. The point sources were clearly identified using both techniques.
Mathematical Modeling of Integral Characteristics of Repair Process under Maintenance Contracts
Authors: Kontrec Nataša , Vujaković Jelena , Tošić Marina , Panić Stefan , Panić Biljana
Published: December 2021

The repair rate is a very important parameter for system maintainability and can be defined as a frequency of successfully performed repair actions on a failed component per unit of time. This paper analyzes the integral characteristics of a stochastic repair rate for corresponding values of availability in a system operating under maintenance contracts. The probability density function (PDF) of the repair rate has been studied extensively and it was concluded that it is not a symmetric function so its mean value does not correspond to its maximum. Based on that, the equation for the envelope line of the PDF maximums of the repair rate has been provided. Namely, instead of repair rate PDF equations, we can use envelope line parameters for certain calculations, which are expressed in a simpler mathematical form. That will reduce time required for calculations and prediction and enhance reactions in failure events. Further, for the analytical and numerical evaluation of a system performance, the annual repair rate PDFs are analyzed, such as particular solutions of corresponding differential equation, while the existence of a singular solution is considered and analyzed under different conditions. Moreover, we derived optimal values of availability for which the PDF maximums have been obtained. Finally, in order to generalize the behavior of the repair process, a partial differential equation, as a function of the repair rate process and availability parameter, has been formed.
Harris Hawks Optimization with Multi-Strategy Search and Application
Authors: Jiao Shangbin , Wang Chen , Gao Rui , Li Yuxing , Zhang Qing
Published: December 2021

The probability of the basic HHO algorithm in choosing different search methods is symmetric: about 0.5 in the interval from 0 to 1. The optimal solution from the previous iteration of the algorithm affects the current solution, the search for prey in a linear way led to a single search result, and the overall number of updates of the optimal position was low. These factors limit Harris Hawks optimization algorithm. For example, an ease of falling into a local optimum and the efficiency of convergence is low. Inspired by the prey hunting behavior of Harris’s hawk, a multi-strategy search Harris Hawks optimization algorithm is proposed, and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) optimized by the proposed algorithm was used to model the reactive power output of the synchronous condenser. Firstly, we select the best Gauss chaotic mapping method from seven commonly used chaotic mapping population initialization methods to improve the accuracy. Secondly, the optimal neighborhood perturbation mechanism is introduced to avoid premature maturity of the algorithm. Simultaneously, the adaptive weight and variable spiral search strategy are designed to simulate the prey hunting behavior of Harris hawk to improve the convergence speed of the improved algorithm and enhance the global search ability of the improved algorithm. A numerical experiment is tested with the classical 23 test functions and the CEC2017 test function set. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the Harris Hawks optimization algorithm and other intelligent optimization algorithms in terms of convergence speed, solution accuracy and robustness, and the model of synchronous condenser reactive power output established by the improved algorithm optimized LSSVM has good accuracy and generalization ability.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Sylvatic Rabies among High-Risk Households in Ceará State, Brazil
Authors: Duarte Naylê Francelino Holanda , Barbosa Patrícia Pereira Lima , Araujo Danielle Bastos , Favoretto Silvana Regina , Romijn Phyllis Catharina , Neres Raphael William Pontes , Varela Raquel Holanda , de Oliveira Walber Feijó , Alencar Carlos Henrique , Heukelbach Jorg
Published: December 2021

Rabies transmitted by sylvatic populations has become an increasing concern in Brazil. A total of 113 participants with a history of contact with sylvatic populations were interviewed in 27 municipalities of Ceará State in northeast Brazil. Questionnaires included questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding sylvatic rabies. Most of the respondents (92%) knew about rabies and confirmed at least one species that transmitted the disease (79.6%). Of these respondents, 69% mentioned monkeys, and 67.2% mentioned dogs. However, 16% of the respondents listed an incorrect species. In general, knowledge on the symptoms and signs and on prevention measures was weak. The majority raised pets (93.8%), most commonly dogs and cats, and, of all the pets, 85.7% were claimed to be vaccinated against rabies. A total of 67.3% reported the appearance of free-living wild animals around their houses, mostly marmosets and wild canids; 18.3% reported that sylvatic populations had attacked animals or humans. Seventy-three percent had raised or still were raising wild animals as pets, mostly capuchin monkeys (79.5%) and marmosets (24.1%). This is the first KAP study on sylvatic rabies in Brazil. The data indicate important knowledge gaps and risk behavior within a high-risk population. There is a need for strengthening and improving sylvatic rabies surveillance and control, combined with the intensification of education and information campaigns.
Optical Singly-Ionized Iron Emission in Radio-Quiet and Relativistically Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Marziani Paola , Berton Marco , Panda Swayamtrupta , Bon Edi
Published: December 2021

The issue of the difference between optical and UV properties of radio-quiet and radio-loud (relativistically “jetted”) active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a long standing one, related to the fundamental question of why a minority of powerful AGN possess strong radio emission due to relativistic ejections. This paper examines a particular aspect: the singly-ionized iron emission in the spectral range 4400–5600 Å, where the prominent HI Hβ and [Oiii]λλ4959,5007 lines are also observed. We present a detailed comparison of the relative intensity of Feii multiplets in the spectral types of the quasar main sequence where most jetted sources are found, and afterwards discuss radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) nuclei with γ-ray detection and with prominent Feii emission. An Feii template based on I Zw 1 provides an accurate representation of the optical Feii emission for RQ and, with some caveats, also for RL sources. CLOUDY photoionization simulations indicate that the observed spectral energy distribution can account for the modest Feii emission observed in composite radio-loud spectra. However, spectral energy differences alone cannot account for the stronger Feii emission observed in radio-quiet sources, for similar physical parameters. As for RL NLSy1s, they do not seem to behave like other RL sources, likely because of their different physical properties, that could be ultimately associated with a higher Eddington ratio.
HPV16 Entry into Epithelial Cells: Running a Gauntlet
Authors: Mikuličić Snježana , Strunk Johannes , Florin Luise
Published: December 2021

During initial infection, human papillomaviruses (HPV) take an unusual trafficking pathway through their host cell. It begins with a long period on the cell surface, during which the capsid is primed and a virus entry platform is formed. A specific type of clathrin-independent endocytosis and subsequent retrograde trafficking to the trans-Golgi network follow this. Cellular reorganization processes, which take place during mitosis, enable further virus transport and the establishment of infection while evading intrinsic cellular immune defenses. First, the fragmentation of the Golgi allows the release of membrane-encased virions, which are partially protected from cytoplasmic restriction factors. Second, the nuclear envelope breakdown opens the gate for these virus–vesicles to the cell nucleus. Third, the dis- and re-assembly of the PML nuclear bodies leads to the formation of modified virus-associated PML subnuclear structures, enabling viral transcription and replication. While remnants of the major capsid protein L1 and the viral DNA remain in a transport vesicle, the viral capsid protein L2 plays a crucial role during virus entry, as it adopts a membrane-spanning conformation for interaction with various cellular proteins to establish a successful infection. In this review, we follow the oncogenic HPV type 16 during its long journey into the nucleus, and contrast pro- and antiviral processes.
The Short-Term Retention of Depth
Authors: Reeves Adam , Qian Jiehui
Published: December 2021

We review research on the visual working memory for information portrayed by items arranged in depth (i.e., distance to the observer) within peri-personal space. Most items lose their metric depths within half a second, even though their identities and spatial positions are retained. The paradoxical loss of depth information may arise because visual working memory retains the depth of a single object for the purpose of actions such as pointing or grasping which usually apply to only one thing at a time.
Stormwater Runoff Treatment Using Rain Garden: Performance Monitoring and Development of Deep Learning-Based Water Quality Prediction Models
Authors: Jeon Minsu , Guerra Heidi B. , Choi Hyeseon , Kwon Donghyun , Kim Hayong , Kim Lee-Hyung
Published: December 2021

Twenty-three rainfall events were monitored to determine the characteristics of the stormwater runoff entering a rain garden facility and evaluate its performance in terms of pollutant removal and volume reduction. Data gathered during the five-year monitoring period were utilized to develop a deep learning-based model that can predict the concentrations of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP). Findings revealed that the rain garden was capable of effectively reducing solids, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals from stormwater runoff during the five-year period when hydrologic and climate conditions have changed. Volume reduction was also high but can decrease over time due to the accumulation of solids in the facility which reduced the infiltration capacity and increased ponding and overflows especially during heavy rainfalls. A preliminary development of a water quality prediction model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture was also developed to be able to potentially reduce the labor and costs associated with on-site monitoring in the future. The LSTM model predicted pollutant concentrations that are close to the actual values with a mean square error of 0.36 during calibration and a less than 10% difference from the measured values during validation. The study showed the potential of using deep learning architecture for the prediction of stormwater quality parameters entering rain gardens. While this study is still in the preliminary stage, it can potentially be improved for use in performance monitoring, decision-making regarding maintenance, and design of similar technologies in the future.
Changes of Hydrological Components in Arctic Rivers Based on Multi-Source Data during 2003–2016
Authors: Wu Hao , Xu Min , Zhu Mengyan
Published: December 2021

The hydrological cycle of the Arctic river basin holds an important position in the Earth’s system, which has been significantly disturbed by global warming. This study analyzed recent changes in the hydrological components of two representative Arctic river basins in Siberia and North America, the Lena River Basin (LRB) and Mackenzie River Basin (MRB), respectively. The trends were diagnosed in hydrological components through a comparative analysis and estimations based on remote sensing and observational datasets during 2003–2016. The results showed that the annual precipitation decreased at rates of 1.9 mm/10a and 18.8 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. In contrast, evapotranspiration (ET) showed increasing trends, with rates of 9.5 mm/10a and 6.3 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) was obviously decreased, with rates of 30.3 mm/a and 18.9 mm/a in the MRB and LRB, respectively, which indicated that more freshwater was released. Contradictive trends of the runoffs were found in the two basins, which were increased in the LRB and decreased in the MRB, due to the contributions of the surface water and base flow. In addition, the mean annual cycles of precipitation, ET, TWS, runoff depth, surface flow and base flow behaved differently in both magnitudes and distributions in the LRB and MRB, the trends of which will likely continue with the pronounced warming climate. The current case studies can help to understand the recent changes in the Arctic hydro-climatology and the consequence of global warming in Arctic river basins.
Role of River–Lake System Sediments and Microbial Activity in the Hyporheic Zone
Authors: Kuriata-Potasznik Angela , Szymczyk Sławomir , Bęś Agnieszka , Sidoruk Marcin , Skwierawski Andrzej , Kobus Szymon
Published: December 2021

The effect of river–lake systems on the surface water self-purification process is a significant and not fully recognised scientific issue. The conditions prevailing in the hyporheic zone of these ecosystems are of great importance in the process of component exchange between water and sediments. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the type of sediments located at the bottom of the riverbed being part of a river–lake system on microbial activity in the hyporheic zone. An ex situ experiment was used to study the microbiological activity and the transformation of components in the collected river sediments. It was found that the specific properties of sediments varied depending on their location in the riverbed between the lakes comprising the system and that the prevailing meteorological conditions can also have an effect on microbial activity in the hyporheic zone, e.g., aerobic conditions. These conditions determined the intensity of component conversion in the sediments due to microbial metabolism. A closer understanding of the processes occurring in the hyporheic zone may allow the processes of water self-purification within river–lake systems to be supported in the future, which will contribute to the improvement of surface water quality.
The Combined Impact of Hydropower Plants and Climate Change on River Runoff and Fish Habitats in Lowland Watersheds
Authors: Akstinas Vytautas , Virbickas Tomas , Kriaučiūnienė Jūratė , Šarauskienė Diana , Jakimavičius Darius , Rakauskas Vytautas , Negro Giovanni , Vezza Paolo
Published: December 2021

Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic activity and climate change. The changes in flow regimes in Lithuanian lowland rivers due to the operation of hydropower plants (HPPs) and the impact of altered flow on some fish species have already been studied. The impact of climate change on future natural river runoff and the structure of fish assemblages was also investigated. However, it is still unknown how the combined effect of climate change and flow regulation related to hydropower generation may affect fish assemblages in the downstream river reaches below the Lithuanian HPPs. In this study, the physical habitat modelling system MesoHABSIM was used to simulate spatial and temporal changes in aquatic habitats availability for different fish species under the influence of HPP at different climate change scenarios. Changes in the available habitat were assessed for common fish species in four HPP-affected rivers representing different hydrological regions of Lithuania. The modelling results showed that the operation of HPP under climate change conditions in most rivers could be beneficial for small benthic fish species such as gudgeon Gobio gobio and stone loach Barbatula barbatula. Meanwhile, for larger fish species (e.g., chub Squalius cephalus and vimba Vimba vimba) the alteration in the temporal availability of suitable habitat was relatively higher.
Sistema de gestión ambiental a nivel empresarial
Authors: Escalona Fernández Yordanis , Tamayo Ronda Yusimi
Published: December 2021

Environmental management system at corporate level

Resumen

La investigación se desarrolló de enero 2012 a julio del 2015, posibilitó la elaboración participativa de un sistema de gestión ambiental a partir de la evaluación del desempeño básico y ambiental de la Planta de Biopreparados Sucursal Laboratorios Biofarmacéuticos (LABIOFAM) Las Tunas, hasta la propuesta de acciones a implementar así como el sistema de indicadores ambientales para su seguimiento y control. Los resultados del diagnóstico de la entidad revelan la existencia de insuficiencias que limitan su evaluación y transformación en la proyección empresarial. La valoración del diseño del sistema de gestión ambiental evidencia su factibilidad, como alternativa a la necesidad de herramientas que contribuyan a la participación, evaluación, proyección y a la toma de decisiones de los actores decisores en la gestión de este proceso a nivel empresarial.

Palabras clave: biopreparados; evaluación; indicadores; participativo; proyección.

Abstract

The research was carried out from January 2012 to July 2015, made possible the participatory elaboration of an environmental management system based on the evaluation of the basic and environmental performance of the Biopharmaceutical Laboratory Biopharmaceutical Plant (LABIOFAM) Las Tunas, up to the proposal of actions to be implemented as well as the system of environmental indicators for monitoring and control. The results of the entity's diagnosis reveal the existence of shortcomings that limit its evaluation and transformation in business projection. The evaluation of the design of the environmental management system shows its feasibility, as an alternative to the need for tools that contribute to the participation, evaluation, projection and decision making of the decision makers in the management of this process at the enterprise level.

Keywords: bioprepared; evaluation; indicators, participatory, projection.
Evaluación de parámetros físico-químicos y organolépticos de una leche fermentada enriquecida con quinua (Chenopodium quinoa)
Authors: Bravo Mera Jandry Antonio , Vera Verduga Gema Carolina , Andrade Andrade Virginia Vanessa , Gorozabel Muñoz Wagner Antonio , García Mendoza Jordán Javier
Published: December 2021

Evaluation of physico-chemical and organoleptic parameters of a fermented milk enriched with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Resumen
La harina de quinua presenta diversos aportes nutricionales requeridos en la alimentación, lo cual hace de este producto una alternativa viable para ser involucrado en diferentes procesos de interés agroindustrial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los parámetros físico-químicos y organolépticos de una leche fermentada (yogurt) enriquecida con harina de quinua. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un nivel de significancia de p<0,05 utilizando la prueba de Duncan. El factor en estudio fue la adición de harina de quinua en niveles del 1%(T1), 3%(T2) y 5%(T3) más un tratamiento testigo T0 (0% quinua). Las variables evaluadas fueron (proteína, grasa, pH y acidez) además mediante un panel sensorial se analizaron los atributos sensoriales (sabor, olor, color, textura y apariencia general). Los resultados indicaron que el T2 con 3% harina de quinua fue el de mayor aceptación, los cuales presentaron valores de proteína de 5,1%; grasa 3,2%, pH 4,89 y la acidez fue no significativo entre los tratamiento teniendo un C.V. de 3,88. El análisis sensorial presentó diferencia  significativa al 5% en todos los tratamientos. Se logró determinar que la harina de quinua influyó sobre las características físico-químicas ya que todas las formulaciones estuvieron dentro de los límites permisibles por la INEN 2395:2011.
Palabras clave: Leche fermentada; quinua; análisis organoléptico; proteína; grasa.
Abstract
Quinoa flour has various nutritional contributions required in food, which makes this product a viable alternative to be involved in different processes of agroindustrial interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of fermented milk (yogurt) enriched with quinoa flour. A completely randomized experimental design with a significance level of p <0.05 was used using the Duncan test. The factor under study was the addition of quinoa flour at levels of 1% (T1), 3% (T2) and 5% (T3) plus a T0 control treatment (0% quinoa). The variables evaluated were (protein, fat, pH and acidity), in addition, a sensory panel analyzed the sensory attributes (taste, smell, color, texture and general appearance). The results indicated that T2 with 3% quinoa flour was the most widely accepted, which presented protein values ​​of 5.1%; 3.2% fat, pH 4.89 and acidity was not significant among the treatments having a C.V. of 3.88. The sensory analysis showed a significant difference at 5% in all treatments. It was possible to determine that quinoa flour influenced the physicochemical characteristics since all the formulations were within the limits allowed by INEN 2395: 2011.
Keywords: Fermented milk; quinoa organoleptic analysis; protein; grease.
Evaluación del impacto de la cacería de la Cuniculus paca en Flavio Alfaro, Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Rodríguez Ríos Elvira Bernardita , García Páez Benjamín , Cartaya Ríos Scarlet , Gracia Panta Edison
Published: December 2021

Impact of the hunting of the Cuniculus paca in Flavio Alfaro, Manabí, Ecuador

Resumen

Cuniculus paca (guanta) es una especie silvestre muy utilizada que, además de su valor cinegético cumple un rol fundamental en los ecosistemas, por su posición clave en la cadena trófica. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la sostenibilidad de la caza Cuniculus paca en Flavio Alfaro, Manabí, Ecuador. En esa perspectiva, se utiliza un modelo de cosecha que integra variables de cacería y de vulnerabilidad que incorporan la productividad biológica y tasas de cacería para predecir la sostenibilidad de la caza mediante el análisis de la relación entre la producción y la cosecha. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la cacería de la guanta en los términos que se ejecuta constituye una actividad insostenible en el largo plazo. Asimismo, los hallazgos empíricos encontrados indican la necesidad de hacer política pública relativa tanto a la guanta como a otras especies cercanas a ella en la provisión de carne de monte en la localidad, con una visión en que su aprovechamiento se restrinja mediante los valores de extracción determinados en el presente estudio a fin de equilibrar bienestar social de los cazadores que viven en condiciones de subsistencia y el aseguramiento de la reproducción sostenible de la especie en el largo plazo.

Palabras clave: Carne de monte; Cuniculus paca; especie cinegética; comunidades rurales.

Abstract

Cuniculus paca (guanta) is a widely consumption wild species that, in addition to its hunting value, plays a fundamental role in the ecosystems, due to its key position in the trophic chain. This article is aimed at valuing hunting sustainability of the Cuniculus paca in Flavio Alfaro, Manabí, Ecuador. In such endeavor a theoretical model of harvesting which include biological productivity and hunting rates variables, it is used. The results obtained show that hunting of the guanta in the way is running in the present time, it categorically is an unsustainable activity in the long term. Likewise, such empirical findings are clear enough of the urgent need of the making of public policy not only for threatened species like the guanta, but also for other species close to her in the supply of bushmeat in the study area. Due to the hunting and consuming bushmeat has been a cultural norm and survival strategy for the rural people, the authors' proposal is not put guanta’s consumption away from family consumption, but to create a new legal framework to sensitive them to restrict seasonal hunting periods to a set of quantitative standards estimated in this paper. Therefore, considerable effort must to be made to protect bushmeat sources to avoid its depletion in the long term.

Keywords: Bushmeat; Cuniculus paca; Ecuador; game species; rural communities.
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