bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Citizens’ Perceived Restoration Potential of Green Facades through Specific Architectural Attributes
Authors: Hajibeigi Pegah , Pazhouhanfar Mahdieh , Grahn Patrik , Nazif Hasan
Published: September 2023

Research on restorative environments has suggested green facades as a promising model for natural spaces in urban and densely populated areas. However, the impact of architectural design attributes of green building facades on perceived restoration potential is insufficiently researched. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between architectural design attributes of green building facades and perceived restoration potential. A discrete choice experiment was used. First, seven architectural design attributes (Value, Symmetry, Material, Balcony, Variety, Configuration, and Shape) were identified based on the Content Identifying Method. In the next step, a sample of 204 participants randomly selected a block and evaluated the perceived restoration potential of six pairs of designed images of different green facade scenarios based on the seven architectural design attributes. The results showed that low diversity in greenery was associated with greater influence, and people chose asymmetric greenery more often. Horizontal and scattered greenery was preferred over vertical and concentrated greenery, which had no significant effect on perceived restoration potential. Stone and cement used in green facades were the most influential factors in perceived restoration potential. These findings can aid designers in designing the green facade of residential buildings to increase perceived restoration potential.
Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of Precast Concrete Beam-Column Joints with Five-Spiral Stirrups
Authors: Zheng Jinhu , Pan Zezhou , Zhen Hao , Deng Xuhua , Zheng Chumao , Qiu Zhenye , Xie Longpan , Xiong Zhe , Li Lijuan , Liu Feng
Published: September 2023

Precast concrete structure is a low-carbon building system that has been attracting extensive attention in recent decades. Beam–column joints are the weak links in precast concrete structures. Past studies showed that the five-spiral stirrups had excellent confinement effects and had the potential to enhance the seismic performance of concrete structures. This study proposed the reinforcement of precast concrete beam–column joints by using five-spiral stirrups and investigated their seismic performance. Considering the influences of the joint failure mode, joint type, construction method, and stirrup type, low-cycle loading tests were conducted on six full-scale precast concrete beam–column joint specimens. Various seismic behavior indicators, such as failure modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, ductility, and energy dissipation, were obtained. The results indicated that the deformation capacity of the precast joints with five-spiral stirrups was comparable to that of cast-in-place joints. Under different failure design criteria, the seismic performance of the precast joints was superior to that of cast-in-place joints. Furthermore, the experimental capacities of the precast joints, using five-spiral stirrups, were higher than the calculated values according to the design code, demonstrating an adequate safety margin. This research contributes to the development of low-carbon and sustainable construction practices in the field of precast concrete structures.
Optimized Computational Intelligence Model for Estimating the Flexural Behavior of Composite Shear Walls
Authors: Mirrashid Masoomeh , Naderpour Hosein , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N. , Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska Anna , Jankowski Robert , Nguyen Tan N.
Published: September 2023

This article presents a novel approach to estimate the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete-filled composite plate shear walls using an optimized computational intelligence model. The proposed model was developed and validated based on 47 laboratory data points and the Transit Search (TS) optimization algorithm. Using 80% of the experimental dataset, the optimized model was selected by determining the unknown coefficients of the network-based computational structure. The remaining 20% of the data was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model, and the best-performing structure was selected. Furthermore, the final neural network details were subjected to statistical analysis to extract a user-friendly formula, making it easier to apply in practice. The proposed ANN model and the proposed user-friendly formula were then compared with the AISC 341-16 and experimental results and demonstrated their efficacy in predicting the flexural behavior of composite shear walls. Overall, the proposed approach provides a more reliable and efficient framework for estimating the flexural behavior of composite shear walls.
Innovation in Green Building Projects: An Exploratory Inquiry
Authors: Ahmad Tayyab
Published: September 2023

Green building (GB) projects, although being developed and operated for more than two decades, may still be regarded as innovative. To address the socio-environmental challenges of the built environment, GBs need to continuously innovate. A comprehensive account of the innovation frontiers and factors affecting GB project innovation is missing in previous studies. In this study, for an in-depth understanding of what makes these projects innovative and how to create an enabling environment for their innovation, semi-structured interviews with 45 GB experts from six regions were conducted. Innovation in GBs was found to be a function of the GB idea, constituent building technologies, potential performance, and the project development process. Key frontiers where innovation in GB projects is needed include environmental performance, health and well-being, and the resolution of mutually contradicting project aspirations. The study also identified some factors contributing to innovation in GBs, which are primarily related to support from the government, client, and project team; availability of time and budget; scalability of innovative solutions; and nature of the construction industry. A nexus between green certifications, sustainability, and innovation is also explained. The awareness and understanding of industry experts regarding GB project innovation will add to the theory of GB projects and green innovation, and will help stakeholders to create a more enabling environment for innovation.
Architectural Spatial Characteristics of Fujian Tubao from the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Ethical Culture
Authors: Lin Xiuhong , Wu Yilin
Published: September 2023

Ethics was used as a building code in ancient China, not only to guide the construction of cities and buildings but also to define a strict hierarchy of architectural characteristics. The Fujian Tubao is a unique vernacular architecture and defensive rammed earth dwelling in China. The existing research on architectural spatial characteristics from the perspective of traditional ethical culture focuses on official architecture and residential-oriented vernacular architecture, and research on defensive dwellings has not yet been carried out. Based on data from our field research over the last ten years and 11 case studies, this paper constructs a research framework through five aspects, the spatial axis, functional arrangement, building volume, settlement pattern, and defense system, and analyzes the architectural spatial characteristics of Tubao under the ethical perspective. We find that although the Fujian Tubao is a rammed earth dwelling with mainly defensive functions, it also follows the traditional Chinese ethical concept of “clear-cut hierarchy and order of superiority and inferiority”; however, because of its special defense performance, it has added practical and defensive space to the traditional dwelling arrangement pattern. This study helps to provide a manual for the restoration and sustainable development of the vernacular architecture heritage of the southeastern coastal regions of China.
Prediction of Flexural Strength of RC Circular Columns Considering Lateral Confinement Effects of FRCM and Transverse Steel Reinforcement
Authors: Jo Min-Su , Kim Hyeong-Gook , Kim Dong-Hwan , Choi Jin-Hyeong , Kim Kil-Hee
Published: September 2023

There has recently been growing interest in making a sustainable and durable fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) to improve the seismic performance of RC column members. However, most studies evaluating the lateral confinement effect on FRCM jacketing concrete have excluded the confinement effect of transverse steel reinforcement and focused solely on mechanical properties. This paper, based on existing studies, proposes a peak axial stress formula that considers the lateral confinement effects of FRCM composite and transverse steel reinforcement. Additionally, the study assesses the structural performance of FRCM composites with flexural strengthening in actual size RC circular columns and predicts the maximum flexural strength by applying the proposed formula. The proposed peak axial stress formula, considering the influence of transverse reinforcement, was compared with the experimental value (databases) and the predicted value, and the suitability was confirmed with a standard deviation of 27.6% and a coefficient of variation of 0.856. In addition, the maximum flexural strength of actual size RC circular columns predicted by applying this formula ranged from 0.97 to 1.02, which effectively predicted the experimental values.
Greenery-Covered Tall Buildings: A Review
Authors: Al-Kodmany Kheir
Published: September 2023

The greenery-covered tall building, an innovative building typology that substantially integrates vegetation into the design, promises to transform urban landscapes into more sustainable and livable spaces. This paper explores the concept of greenery-covered tall buildings. It achieves its objectives by offering an overall introduction to this building typology, mapping out novel projects to identify innovative ideas and design strategies, and reviewing the social, environmental, and economic benefits of integrating greenery into tall buildings. Examining prominent implementations distinguishes purposeful greenery integration from “afterthought” additions, providing insights for architects, developers, scholars, and the public. Additionally, the paper discusses the downsides and challenges of integrating trees and plants into tall buildings, including construction costs, maintenance considerations, and adherence to building and fire codes, and proposes remedies. This research fosters a deeper understanding of their transformative potential in creating greener, more resilient, and socially beneficial urban environments by contributing to the architectural discourse on this emerging building typology.
Proposal of a Protocol for the Safe Removal of Post-Earthquake Provisional Shorings
Authors: Rotilio Marianna , D’Alberto Giulia , Di Egidio Angelo , Contento Alessandro , De Berardinis Pierluigi
Published: September 2023

The recent seismic events in Italy, including the earthquakes in L’Aquila in 2009 and central Italy in 2016, have significantly impacted the historical centers of small and medium-sized cities. These events directly affected their ancient masonry building heritage, resulting in severe damage. In order to minimize the risk of collapses and prevent further harm to people and structures until restoration efforts can be carried out, provisional post-seismic shorings have been extensively employed. These occurrences motivated several studies focused on the selection and assembly of post-seismic shorings, considering the various rigid failure mechanisms that may occur in a wall or section of an ancient masonry building. Yet, thus far, the critical considerations concerning the disassembly of these shorings, which significantly influence the repair process of a compromised structure from safety, organizational, and economic perspectives, have been overlooked. This research endeavors to establish a protocol for the dismantling of provisional shorings. To this end, a preliminary risk assessment tool has been devised, furnishing a safety index that correlates with the level of risk associated with shoring removal, along with corresponding risk categories. The study recommends preliminary interventions, categorized as mandatory or optional, to mitigate the risk prior to shoring removal. Furthermore, specific guidelines are provided based on the assessed risk level indicated by the safety index. To illustrate the application of this risk assessment tool, a case study involving an ancient masonry building in L’Aquila is presented.
A Locally Available Natural Pozzolan as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Portland Cement Concrete
Authors: Mousavinezhad Seyedsaleh , Garcia Judit M. , Toledo William K. , Newtson Craig M.
Published: September 2023

For several decades, class F fly ash has been an attractive supplementary cementitious material, at least in part, due to its ability to reduce Portland cement consumption and mitigate alkali-silica reactions in concrete. However, fly ash availability is becoming uncertain as the energy industry decommissions coal burning power plants as it transitions to renewable energy production. This situation creates a need to identify viable and sustainable alternative supplementary cementitious materials. There are several types of supplementary cementitious materials, such as natural pozzolans, metakaolin, or ground granulated blast-furnace slag, which appear to be potential alternatives to fly ash in concrete. In this research, a locally available natural pozzolan (pumicite) was selected to replace fly ash in concrete. After conducting alkali-silica reaction tests on mortar mixtures, rheological and strength properties, shrinkage, resistance to freezing and thawing, and chloride ion permeability of concrete mixtures containing different amounts of fly ash and natural pozzolan were evaluated. The results showed that pumicite was more effective than fly ash at mitigating the alkali-silica reaction, and a pumicite content of 20% was necessary to mitigate the alkali-silica reaction. Ternary mixtures containing both pumicite and fly ash were the most effective cementitious materials combinations for mitigating the alkali-silica reaction expansion. Additionally, pumicite provided acceptable compressive strength and modulus of rupture values (greater than 4.0 MPa) that exceeded the flexural strengths provided by established mixtures containing only fly ash. Shrinkage and durability factor values for all mixtures were less than 710 μstrain and greater than 75, which are generally considered acceptable. Additionally, all mixtures with acceptable alkali-silica reaction expansions had very low chloride permeability. These results indicate that pumicite can be a reliable alternative for fly ash.
Exploring the Impact of Different Registration Methods and Noise Removal on the Registration Quality of Point Cloud Models in the Built Environment: A Case Study on Dickabrma Bridge
Authors: Zhu Zicheng , Rowlinson Steve , Chen Tianzhuo , Patching Alan
Published: September 2023

Point cloud models are prevalently utilized in the architectural and civil engineering sectors. The registration of point clouds can invariably introduce registration errors, adversely impacting the accuracy of point cloud models. While the domain of computer vision has delved profoundly into point cloud registration, limited research in the construction domain has explored these registration algorithms in the built environment, despite their inception in the field of computer vision. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of mainstream point cloud registration algorithms—originally introduced in the computer vision domain—on point cloud models, specifically within the context of bridge engineering as a category of civil engineering data. Concurrently, this study examines the influence of noise removal on varying point cloud registration algorithms. Our research quantifies potential variables for registration quality based on two metrics: registration error (RE) and time consumption (TC). Statistical methods were employed for significance analysis and value engineering assessment. The experimental outcomes indicate that the GRICP algorithm exhibits the highest precision, with RE values of 3.02 mm and 2.79 mm under non-noise removal and noise removal conditions, respectively. The most efficient algorithm is PLICP, yielding TC values of 3.86 min and 2.70 min under the aforementioned conditions. The algorithm with the optimal cost-benefit ratio is CICP, presenting value scores of 3.57 and 4.26 for non-noise removal and noise removal conditions, respectively. Under noise removal conditions, a majority of point cloud algorithms witnessed a notable enhancement in registration accuracy and a decrease in time consumption. Specifically, the POICP algorithm experienced a 32% reduction in RE and a 34% decline in TC after noise removal. Similarly, PLICP observed a 34% and 30% reduction in RE and TC, respectively. KICP showcased a decline of 23% in RE and 28% in TC, CICP manifested a 27% and 31% drop in RE and TC, respectively, GRICP observed an 8% reduction in RE and a 40% decline in TC, and for FGRICP, RE and TC decreased by 8% and 52%, respectively, subsequent to noise removal.
Design and Experimental Analysis of Seismic Isolation Bearings for Nuclear Power Plant Containment Structures
Authors: Pei Qiang , Qi Pengfei , Xue Zhicheng , Zhong Jintu , Zhang Yao
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to further research the mechanical properties of epoxy thick-layer rubber isolation bearings, adopting orthogonal design and efficacy coefficient methods in order to optimize the geometric dimensions and material parameters of the bearing, summarizing the influence of various factors on the overall performance indicators of the bearing, and determining the optimal plan through parameter adjustment. Through a combination of experiments and simulations, the fundamental characteristics of epoxy thick-layer rubber isolation bearings are studied to determine the influence law of vertical pressure on their horizontal stiffness, vertical stiffness, and damping ratio. The analysis results suggest that epoxy plate thick-layer rubber isolation bearing exhibits stable deformation ability and possesses distinctive damping characteristics. Furthermore, it is observed that the horizontal stiffness of these bearings gradually diminishes as the vertical pressure increases. When the shear displacement reaches 80 mm, there is a notable strengthening effect observed in the horizontal stiffness of the bearing. This strengthening phenomenon proves advantageous in preventing damage to the bearing due to excessive displacement; furthermore, it is noteworthy that the vertical stiffness and damping ratio of the bearing increased with the rise in vertical pressure.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Seismic Performances of Reinforcement-Embedded RC Column-to-Precast Cap Beams with Socket Connections
Authors: Peng Wenqiang , Lu Wenliang , Liu Sitian , Liu Yong , Xu Linfeng , Li Fenglin
Published: September 2023

Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) has attracted much attention in China as a new and efficient construction method. However, the seismic performance of the connections between precast piers and other structures limits the application of ABC in medium and high seismic zones. In this paper, a quasi-static test was conducted to investigate the seismic performance differences between a cap–column socket connection (PSC) specimen, which reinforced an embedded RC column-to-precast cap beam with a socket connection, and a cast-in-place (CIP) cap–column specimen. A fiber-based finite element model that considers bond slippage between the connection reinforcement and wet joint concrete is proposed. The numerical simulation results compared with the experimental results show an error of about 12% in peak bearing capacity and about 2% in initial stiffness. The experimental and numerical results show that the PSC specimen demonstrates comparable seismic performance to the CIP specimen. Experimental results verified that the finite element model in this paper is adequate to predict the seismic responses of a precast column with a reinforcement-embedded socket connection. A reinforcement-embedded RC column-to-precast cap beam with socket connection can be an effective solution for construction in medium and high seismic areas.
Structural Damage Detection Technique of Secondary Building Components Using Piezoelectric Sensors
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Liao Wang , Shibata Daiki , Yoshino Yuki , Kimura Yoshihiro , Shimoi Nobuhiro
Published: September 2023

With demand for the long-term continued use of existing building facilities, structural health monitoring and damage detection are attracting interest from society. Sensors of various types have been practically applied in the industry to satisfy this need. Among the sensors, piezoelectric sensors are an extremely promising technology by virtue of their cost advantages and durability. Although they have been used in aerospace and civil engineering, their application for building engineering remains limited. Remarkably, recent catastrophic seismic events have further reinforced the necessity of rapid damage detection and quick judgment about the safe use of facilities. Faced with these circumstances, this study was conducted to assess the applicability of piezoelectric sensors to detect damage to building components stemming from concrete cracks and local buckling. Specifically, this study emphasizes structural damage caused by earthquakes. After first applying them to cyclic loading tests to composite beam component specimens and steel frame subassemblies with a folded roof plate, the prospective damage positions were also found using finite element analysis. Crack propagation and buckling locations were predicted adequately. The piezoelectric sensors provided output when the concrete slab showed tensile cracks or when the folded roof plate experienced local buckling. Furthermore, damage expansion and progression were detected multiple times during loading tests. Results showed that the piezoelectric sensors can detect the structural damage of building components, demonstrating their potential for use in inexpensive and stable monitoring systems.
Study on Xiamen’s Spring and Winter Thermal Comfort of Outdoor Sports Space in the Residential Community
Authors: Ye Jingyi , Lai Wanling , Wu Zhengwang
Published: September 2023

In humid subtropical areas, outdoor sports activities in winter and spring are very common. However, there is minimal research surrounding this topic, especially in terms of thermal comfort. This study explored the complex relationship between microclimate and human thermal comfort during various types of outdoor sports activities through a series of outdoor thermal experiments and analysis. The results indicated that (1) in winter and spring, the WBGT comfort threshold for outdoor sports space was 14.6–21.7 °C; (2) the WBGT comfort ranges when doing low-, moderate- and high-intensity physical activities were 13.7–26.2 °C, 14.5–24.0 °C, and 16.0–22.0 °C; (3) air temperature (Ta), G (global radiation) and relative humidity (RH) were the main thermal comfort influencing factors, which varied from the intensities of physical activities; (4) in winter, it was more comfortable to be slightly warm, while in spring, it was more comfortable to be neutral; (5) the ground materials, sunshine and vegetation coverage of outdoor sports space had a significant impact on adjusting Ta; (6) in addition to thermal comfort, factors such as time, weather, variety and quantity of outdoor sports spaces and facilities, high visual comfort, good accessibility, strong safety, regular maintenance of the space and facilities and the sharing level of outdoor sports spaces all had a major impact on outdoor sports activities; (7) semi-outdoor spaces with roofs should be considered next to outdoor sports spaces.
A Review on Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils through Transesterification and the Role of Catalysts: Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Nogales-Delgado Sergio , Encinar José María , González Juan Félix
Published: September 2023

The use of biolubricants as an alternative to petroleum-based products has played an important role in the last decade. Due to the encouragement of global policies, which mainly support green chemistry and circular economy, there has been an increasing interest in bio-based products, including biolubricants, from scientific and industrial points of view. Their raw materials, production, and characteristics might vary, as biolubricants present different applications for a wide range of practical uses, making this field a continuously changing subject of study by researchers. The aim of this work was to study biolubricant production from vegetable oil crops from a bio-refinery perspective, paying attention to the main raw materials used, the corresponding production methods (with a special focus on double transesterification), the role of catalysts and some techno-economic studies. Thus, the main factors affecting quality parameters such as viscosity or oxidative stability have been covered, including catalyst addition, reaction temperature, or the use of raw materials, reagents, or additives were also analyzed. In conclusion, the search for suitable raw materials, the use of heterogeneous catalysts to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the process, and the optimization of chemical conditions seem to be the most interesting research lines according to the literature.
Recent Approaches in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Chalcogenative Heteroannulation of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Gutterres Elba L. , Anjos Thiago , Santos Felipe B. , Bandeira Pamela T. , Penteado Filipe , Schumacher Ricardo F.
Published: September 2023

Organochalcogen-bearing heterocycles are important scaffolds in compounds under the spotlight of scientific interest in optoelectronic fields and for biological applications. The use of transition metals has been a versatile and reliable way to carry out the synthesis of these molecules efficiently, delivering products in high yields and with a wide functional diversity. In the last 10 years, many classes of heterocycles have been synthesized under the cyclization reaction of acyclic alkenes and alkynes with the incorporation of a chalcogen atom on its structure. Transition metal catalysts including Cu, Co, Pd, Ni, In, Ag, and Fe salts have been used in the development of new methodologies, the expansion of substrate scope, and mechanistic studies. This review provides an overview of these recent approaches with the aim of being a useful resource for interested researchers in this area.
Isomerization of Hemicellulose Aldoses to Ketoses Catalyzed by Basic Anion Resins: Catalyst Screening and Stability Studies
Authors: El Tawil-Lucas Miriam , Montaña Maia , Macias-Villasevil Miguel , Moreno Jovita , Iglesias Jose
Published: September 2023

Isomerization of aldoses to ketoses is an essential step in carbohydrate valorization routes in biorefineries to produce a wide variety of bioproducts. In this work, selective isomerization of aldoses into ketoses was investigated using different commercial Brønsted basic anion resins at low temperature conditions. Weak and strong basic resins were tested under different reaction conditions. Amberlite IRA-900 and Amberlyst A-26 (strong resins) and Amberlite IRA-67 and Amberlyst A-21 (weak resins) were tested to assess their catalytic properties. Strong basic resins provided high yields of fructose. IRA-900 was also tested in the isomerization of different sugar monosaccharides conventionally present in lignocellulosic biomass (xylose, arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose) aiming to explore the performance of this material in hemicellulose-derived sugar mixtures. Very promising performance was observed for IRA-900, yielding fructose selectivity higher than 75% and fructose yield of 27% in the isomerization reaction. Notably, basic anionic resins were not suitable for reuse in different reaction cycles, although the use of organic cosolvents, specifically ethanol, improved the reusability of the tested resins.
The Role of Carbon Nanotube Deposit in Catalytic Activity of FeOX-Based PECVD Thin Films Tested in RWGS Reaction
Authors: Panek Bartosz , Kierzkowska-Pawlak Hanna , Uznański Paweł , Nagy Stefan , Nagy-Trembošová Veronika , Tyczkowski Jacek
Published: September 2023

While the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction holds great promise as a method of converting CO2 to CO and subsequently into valuable fuels, achieving its commercial viability requires the development of highly efficient, selective, durable, and low-cost catalysts. Recently, thin-film nanocatalysts produced through plasma deposition (PECVD) have garnered significant attention in this domain. Among them, FeOx-based catalytic films deposited using Fe(CO)5 as a precursor, under reduced pressure (4–5 Pa) and a 13.56 MHz glow discharge, have demonstrated particular interest. Our study shows that by appropriately tuning the parameters of the plasma deposition process, it is feasible to generate nanocatalyst films exhibiting exceptional CO2 conversion (38% at 673 K) and CO selectivity (97%). Moreover, the study has revealed the formation of a carbon deposit containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the RWGS reaction, significantly increasing the catalytic activity of the films. Through an analysis involving X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopy techniques (SEM and HRTEM), we have determined that CNTs not only serve as carriers for highly catalytically active Fe nanoparticles but also create nanoscale heterojunctions (p-n) with Fe2O3 nanoparticles, thereby enhancing their catalytic effect. This paper attempts to elucidate the differences and changes in the surface structure of FeOx-based films dictating the catalytic activity, which stems from both the conditions of plasma deposition and the environmental impact during the catalytic process.
Spreading Senescent Cells’ Burden and Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Frailty
Authors: Marcozzi Serena , Bigossi Giorgia , Giuliani Maria Elisa , Lai Giovanni , Giacconi Robertina , Piacenza Francesco , Malavolta Marco
Published: September 2023

The spreading of senescent cells’ burden holds profound implications for frailty, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic targets. In this perspective review, we delve into the intricate mechanisms underlying senescent cell spreading, its implications for frailty, and its therapeutic development. We have focused our attention on the emerging age-related biological factors, such as microbiome and virome alterations, elucidating their significant contribution to the loss of control over the accumulation rate of senescent cells, particularly affecting key frailty domains, the musculoskeletal system and cerebral functions. We believe that gaining an understanding of these mechanisms could not only aid in elucidating the involvement of cellular senescence in frailty but also offer diverse therapeutic possibilities, potentially advancing the future development of tailored interventions for these highly diverse patients.
New Propargyloxy Derivatives of Galangin, Kaempferol and Fisetin—Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis and In Vitro Anticancer Activity on Head and Neck Cancer Cells
Authors: Kubina Robert , Krzykawski Kamil , Sokal Arkadiusz , Madej Marcel , Dziedzic Arkadiusz , Kadela-Tomanek Monika
Published: September 2023

Head and neck cancer (HNC) therapy is limited; therefore, new solutions are increasingly being sought among flavonoids, which exhibit numerous biological properties, including potential anticancer activity. However, because they are mostly insoluble in water, are unstable and have low bioavailability, they are subjected to chemical modification to obtain new derivatives with better properties. This study aimed to synthesize and analyze new propargyloxy derivatives of galangin, kaempferol and fisetin, and to evaluate their anticancer activity against selected HNC cell lines. The obtained derivatives were assessed by spectroscopic analysis; next, their anticancer activity was evaluated using a flow cytometer and real-time cell analysis. The results showed that only the fisetin derivative was suitable for further analysis, due to the lack of crystal formation of the compound. The fisetin derivative statistically significantly increases the number of cells in the G2/M phase (p < 0.05) and increases cyclin B1 levels. A statistically significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells after being exposed to the tested compound was also observed (p < 0.05). The data indicate that the obtained fisetin derivative exhibits anticancer activity by affecting the cell cycle and increasing apoptosis in selected HNC lines, which suggests its potential use as a new medicinal agent in the future.
Tumor Progression Reverses Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in a Tetracycline-Regulated ATF3 Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Awwad Lama , Aronheim Ami
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer are the top deadly diseases in the world. Both CVD and cancer have common risk factors; therefore, with the advances in treatment and life span, both diseases may occur simultaneously in patients. It is becoming evident that CVD and cancer are highly connected, establishing a novel discipline known as cardio-oncology. This includes the cardiomyocyte death following any anti-tumor therapy known as cardiotoxicity as well the intricate interplay between heart failure and cancer. Recent studies, using various mouse models, showed that heart failure promotes tumor growth and metastasis spread. Indeed, patients with heart failure were found to be at higher risk of developing malignant diseases. While the effect of heart failure on cancer is well established, little is known regarding the effect of tumors on heart failure. A recent study from our lab has demonstrated that tumor growth and metastasis ameliorate cardiac remodeling in a pressure-overload mouse model. Nevertheless, this study was inconclusive regarding whether tumor growth solely suppresses cardiac remodeling or is able to reverse existing heart failure outcomes as well. Here, we used a regulable transgenic mouse model for cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cancer cell implantation suppressed cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis as shown using echocardiography, qRT-PCR and fibrosis staining. In addition, tumor growth resulted in an M1 to M2 macrophage switch, which is correlated with cardiac repair. Macrophage depletion using clodronate liposomes completely abrogated the tumors’ beneficial effect. This study highly suggests that harnessing tumor paradigms may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CVDs and fibrosis.
Unveiling the Secrets of the Stressed Hippocampus: Exploring Proteomic Changes and Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Nieto-Quero Andrea , Infantes-López María Inmaculada , Zambrana-Infantes Emma , Chaves-Peña Patricia , Gavito Ana L. , Munoz-Martin Jose , Tabbai Sara , Márquez Javier , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , García-Fernández María Inmaculada , Santín Luis J. , Pedraza Carmen , Pérez-Martín Margarita
Published: September 2023

Intense stress, especially traumatic stress, can trigger disabling responses and in some cases even lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is heterogeneous, accompanied by a range of distress symptoms and treatment-resistant disorders that may be associated with a number of other psychopathologies. PTSD is a very heterogeneous disorder with different subtypes that depend on, among other factors, the type of stressor that provokes it. However, the neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The study of early stress responses may hint at the way PTSD develops and improve the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in its onset, opening the opportunity for possible preventive treatments. Proteomics is a promising strategy for characterizing these early mechanisms underlying the development of PTSD. The aim of the work was to understand how exposure to acute and intense stress using water immersion restraint stress (WIRS), which could be reminiscent of natural disaster, may induce several PTSD-associated symptoms and changes in the hippocampal proteomic profile. The results showed that exposure to WIRS induced behavioural symptoms and corticosterone levels reminiscent of PTSD. Moreover, the expression profiles of hippocampal proteins at 1 h and 24 h after stress were deregulated in favour of increased inflammation and reduced neuroplasticity, which was validated by histological studies and cytokine determination. Taken together, these results suggest that neuroplastic and inflammatory dysregulation may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders.
In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence for an Interplay between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and the Vitamin D Receptor Signaling
Authors: Bagnoud Maud , Remlinger Jana , Massy Marine , Lodygin Dmitri , Salmen Anke , Chan Andrew , Lühder Fred , Hoepner Robert
Published: September 2023

Our previous work demonstrated that vitamin D (VitD) reduces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease severity in wild-type (WT) but not in T cell-specific glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR)-deficient (GRlck) mice. This study aimed to investigate the interplay between the GR- and VitD receptor (VDR) signaling. In vivo, we confirmed the involvement of the GR in the VitD-induced effects in EAE using WT and GRlck mice. Furthermore, we observed that VitD-enhanced T cell apoptosis and T regulatory cell differentiation are diminished in vitro in CD3+ T cells of GRlck but not WT mice. Mechanistically, VitD does not appear to signal directly via the GR, as it does not bind to the GR, does not induce its nuclear translocation, and does not modulate the expression of two GR-induced genes. However, we observed that VitD enhances VDR protein expression in CD3+ T cells from WT but not GRlck mice in vitro, that the GR and the VDR spatially co-localize after VitD treatment, and that VitD does not modulate the expression of two VDR-induced genes in the absence of the GR. Our data suggest that a functional GR, specifically in T cells, is required for the VDR to signal appropriately to mediate the therapeutic effects of VitD.
The Regulatory Effects of JAK2/STAT3 on Spermatogenesis and the Redox Keap1/Nrf2 Axis in an Animal Model of Testicular Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Alnajem Abdullah , Al-Maghrebi May
Published: September 2023

The male reproductive system requires the pleiotropic activity of JAK/STAT to maintain its function, especially spermatogenesis. The study aims to investigate the effect of JAK2 signaling on the expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis, spermatogenesis, and the Sertoli cells (Sc) junctions in an animal model of testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI). Testes subjected to tIRI exhibited increased JAK2/STAT3 activity associated with spermatogenic arrest and reduced expression of the Sc junctions. In addition, there was an increased protein expression of Keap1 and decreased Nrf2., which was coupled with the downregulation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Reduced SOD and CAT activities were accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation during tIRI. Increased caspase 9 activity and Bax/Bcl2 ratio indicated initiation of apoptosis. Inhibition of JAK2 activity by AG490 maintained the integrity of spermatogenesis and SC junctions, normalized the expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis and its downstream antioxidant enzymes, and prevented germ cell apoptosis. The results further emphasized the regulatory role of JAK2/STAT3 on spermatogenesis, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, and maintenance of the testicular redox balance to combat testicular dysfunction and male infertility.
Decellularization of Dense Regular Connective Tissue—Cellular and Molecular Modification with Applications in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Data Krzysztof , Kulus Magdalena , Ziemak Hanna , Chwarzyński Mikołaj , Piotrowska-Kempisty Hanna , Bukowska Dorota , Antosik Paweł , Mozdziak Paul , Kempisty Bartosz
Published: September 2023

Healing of dense regular connective tissue, due to a high fiber-to-cell ratio and low metabolic activity and regeneration potential, frequently requires surgical implantation or reconstruction with high risk of reinjury. An alternative to synthetic implants is using bioscaffolds obtained through decellularization, a process where the aim is to extract cells from the tissue while preserving the tissue-specific native molecular structure of the ECM. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other various extracellular molecules are largely involved in differentiation, proliferation, vascularization and collagen fibers deposit, making them the crucial processes in tissue regeneration. Because of the multiple possible forms of cell extraction, there is no standardized protocol in dense regular connective tissue (DRCT). Many modifications of the structure, shape and composition of the bioscaffold have also been described to improve the therapeutic result following the implantation of decellularized connective tissue. The available data provide a valuable source of crucial information. However, the wide spectrum of decellularization makes it important to understand the key aspects of bioscaffolds relative to their potential use in tissue regeneration.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Mtb/HIV Co-Infection
Authors: Kulkarni Smita , Endsley Janice J. , Lai Zhao , Bradley Todd , Sharan Riti
Published: September 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection continues to pose a significant healthcare burden. HIV co-infection during TB predisposes the host to the reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), worsening disease conditions and mortality. There is a lack of biomarkers of LTBI reactivation and/or immune-related transcriptional signatures to distinguish active TB from LTBI and predict TB reactivation upon HIV co-infection. Characterizing individual cells using next-generation sequencing-based technologies has facilitated novel biological discoveries about infectious diseases, including TB and HIV pathogenesis. Compared to the more conventional sequencing techniques that provide a bulk assessment, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can reveal complex and new cell types and identify more high-resolution cellular heterogeneity. This review will summarize the progress made in defining the immune atlas of TB and HIV infections using scRNA-seq, including host-pathogen interactions, heterogeneity in HIV pathogenesis, and the animal models employed to model disease. This review will also address the tools needed to bridge the gap between disease outcomes in single infection vs. co-infection. Finally, it will elaborate on the translational benefits of single-cell sequencing in TB/HIV diagnosis in humans.
Necroptosis in Organ Transplantation: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Zhao Yajin , Main Kimberly , Aujla Tanroop , Keshavjee Shaf , Liu Mingyao
Published: September 2023

Organ transplantation remains the only treatment option for patients with end-stage organ dysfunction. However, there are numerous limitations that challenge its clinical application, including the shortage of organ donations, the quality of donated organs, injury during organ preservation and reperfusion, primary and chronic graft dysfunction, acute and chronic rejection, infection, and carcinogenesis in post-transplantation patients. Acute and chronic inflammation and cell death are two major underlying mechanisms for graft injury. Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in many diseases and has been studied in the setting of all major solid organ transplants, including the kidney, heart, liver, and lung. It is determined by the underlying donor organ conditions (e.g., age, alcohol consumption, fatty liver, hemorrhage shock, donation after circulatory death, etc.), preservation conditions and reperfusion, and allograft rejection. The specific molecular mechanisms of necroptosis have been uncovered in the organ transplantation setting, and potential targeting drugs have been identified. We hope this review article will promote more clinical research to determine the role of necroptosis and other types of programmed cell death in solid organ transplantation to alleviate the clinical burden of ischemia–reperfusion injury and graft rejection.
New Possibilities for Evaluating the Development of Age-Related Pathologies Using the Dynamical Network Biomarkers Theory
Authors: Akagi Kazutaka , Koizumi Keiichi , Kadowaki Makoto , Kitajima Isao , Saito Shigeru
Published: September 2023

Aging is the slowest process in a living organism. During this process, mortality rate increases exponentially due to the accumulation of damage at the cellular level. Cellular senescence is a well-established hallmark of aging, as well as a promising target for preventing aging and age-related diseases. However, mapping the senescent cells in tissues is extremely challenging, as their low abundance, lack of specific markers, and variability arise from heterogeneity. Hence, methodologies for identifying or predicting the development of senescent cells are necessary for achieving healthy aging. A new wave of bioinformatic methodologies based on mathematics/physics theories have been proposed to be applied to aging biology, which is altering the way we approach our understand of aging. Here, we discuss the dynamical network biomarkers (DNB) theory, which allows for the prediction of state transition in complex systems such as living organisms, as well as usage of Raman spectroscopy that offers a non-invasive and label-free imaging, and provide a perspective on potential applications for the study of aging.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Dental Arch Relationship and Palatal Morphology after Cleft Surgery in Italian Children with Unilateral Cleft and Lip Palate
Authors: Defabianis Patrizia , Guagnano Rosa , Romano Federica
Published: September 2023

Dental arch relationships (DARs) and palatal morphology (PM) were evaluated in in non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) Italian patients after surgery. Pre- and postnatal factors affecting the results were investigated. Sixty-six children with UCLP (40 boys and 26 girls, with a mean age of 10.1 ± 2.9 years), predominantly Caucasian (77%), were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Twenty children had received a one-stage protocol consisting of an early periosteal palate surgical repair and lip closure and forty-six were submitted to a staged surgical protocol with delayed palate repair (DPR). A single clinician collected data on their medical history and carried out a dental examination. The DAR and PM were graded on dental casts according to the Eurocran index and dichotomised as favourable and unfavourable based on the treatment outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that female sex (OR = 6.08, 95% CI: 1.47–25.23, p = 0.013), DPR (OR = 4.77, 95% CI: 1.14–19.93, p = 0.032) and the use of a neonatal plate (OR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.27–17.16, p = 0.020) increased the odds of having favourable DAR, while only DPR (OR = 9.76, 95% CI: 2.40–39.71, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with a favourable PM. Based on these findings, only DPR had a significantly favourable effect on both DAR and DM in Italian children with complete UCLP.