bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deflection characterisation of rotary systems using ground‐based radar
Authors: Ochieng Francis X. , Jiang Haoyang , Hancock Craig M. , Roberts Gethin W. , Le Kernec Julien , Tang Xu , de Ligt Huib
Published: August 2019

In the last two decades, an increase in large rotary machines/systems has been witnessed. To ensure safe operation of these systems especially due to extreme stress caused by centrifugal forces as well as the wind or water loadings, regular structural health monitoring (SHM) of the unbalanced parameters, particularly at the blade tips is necessary. For this, the use of non‐contact sensors provides the most appropriate approach; however, millimetric out‐of‐plane deflection monitoring using non‐contact sensors at distances >1 m has not been comprehensively addressed for rotary systems, like wind turbines. This study presents a modelling environment to simulate radar returns to analyse rotary systems. Employing Sammon mapping as a dimensionality reduction procedure in conjunction with 2D visualisation, the study demonstrates the characterisation of dynamic deflection parameters using a fast, portable ground‐based interferometric radar (GBR). Comparisons between the GBR results with those of a Leica AR20 GPS indicate a divergence ±12.79 mm. The study utilises SHM framework to acquire, normalise, extract, and validate GBR signals within an SHM framework for structures under test or for deflection validation of the new system. Further, it contributes to the non‐contact structural fatigue damage detection during design, testing, and operating stages of rotary structures blade tips.
Aménagement de bas-fonds, politique de l’aménageur et recompositions foncières. Le cas de Lofing au Burkina Faso
Authors: Lavigne Delville Philippe , Robin Justine
Published: August 2019

L’aménagement des bas-fonds et des petites vallées inondables peut permettre d’accroître la production agricole et la résilience des agricultures familiales en Afrique soudanienne. Mais les opportunités économiques que ces espaces représentent ne peuvent être saisies que par les acteurs ayant accès à une parcelle en leur sein, ce qui pose la question de la politique de l’aménageur en termes de redistribution des parcelles. Or, la prise en compte des questions foncières lors des projets d’aménagement demeure très inégale. À partir du cas d’un aménagement de bas-fond au sud du Burkina Faso, cet article montre comment le devenir des droits existants sur la zone à aménager et les règles d’accès aux nouvelles parcelles déterminent la distribution des gains et des pertes entre les exploitations, et comment les pratiques des intervenants peuvent créer ou réveiller des conflits ou des tensions, en particulier par rapport à la légitimité des règles de redistribution foncière.
Bayesian wavelet de-noising with the caravan prior
Authors: Gugushvili Shota , van der Meulen Frank , Schauer Moritz , Spreij Peter
Published: August 2019

According to both domain expert knowledge and empirical evidence, wavelet coefficients of real signals tend to exhibit clustering patterns, in that they contain connected regions of coefficients of similar magnitude (large or small). A wavelet de-noising approach that takes into account such a feature of the signal may in practice outperform other, more vanilla methods, both in terms of the estimation error and visual appearance of the estimates. Motivated by this observation, we present a Bayesian approach to wavelet de-noising, where dependencies between neighbouring wavelet coefficients are a priori modelled via a Markov chain-based prior, that we term the caravan prior. Posterior computations in our method are performed via the Gibbs sampler. Using representative synthetic and real data examples, we conduct a detailed comparison of our approach with a benchmark empirical Bayes de-noising method (due to Johnstone and Silverman). We show that the caravan prior fares well and is therefore a useful addition to the wavelet de-noising toolbox.
Optimal control of an inventory system under whole sale price changes
Authors: Taleizadeh Ata Allah , Zarei Hamid Reza , Sana Shib Sankar
Published: August 2019

Nowadays business owners use lots of incentive schemes to make customers buy more products. In this paper optimal ordering policy for customers is obtained when the manufacturer increases the purchasing price or temporary decreases it. Offering a special sale from the manufacturer is probabilistic and shortage occurs as partial backlogging. In this paper, the initial level of inventory when the purchasing price changes is not equal to zero. With respect to the assumptions, the amount of special order quantity, the shortage quantity, and the expected total saving from making an special order is optimized for the customer. The optimal amount of decision variables are obtained by maximizing the expected total saving function and a closed-form solution is derived. Several numerical examples are solved and sensitivity analysis is performed to prove the applicability of the proposed model. Finally, the impact of some parameters of the model including the demand, the probability of making a special order, the future prices, and the initial inventory is investigated. Optimal ordering policy for the customers is obtained in cases when an announced price increase occurs and when the prices temporarily decrease.
Snare combined with endoscopic clips in endoscopic resection of gastric submucosal tumor: a method of tumor traction
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Cai Jian-qun , Wang Zhen , Xiao Bing , Bai Yang
Published: August 2019

Background and study aims Mucosal traction as a supportive technique is very useful for endoscopists during endoscopy. For gastric submucosal tumor (SMT), our team explored a method of pulling the SMT with a snare combined with endoclips (PSMT-SE). This study preliminarily explored its feasibility to assist resection of gastric SMT.

Patients and methods Operation-related data from patients who underwent gastric SMT removal assisted by PSMT-SE at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Guangzhou Nanfang Hospital, China between January 2017 and October 2018 were retrospectively collected: tumor size and location, origin of tumor, total operation time, en bloc resection rate, intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results Forty-two gastric SMTs in 41 patients were included in this study. Fifteen tumors were located in the gastric fundus, 11 in the gastric body, two in the gastric angle, 10 in the gastric antrum, and four in the greater curvature of the gastric fundus and the body junction. Further, 11 tumors originated from the submucosa and 31 originated from the muscularis propria. Endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by PSMT-SE were performed to resect 30 and 12 tumors, respectively. PSMT-SE could effectively expose the surgical field. Median diameter of resected tumors was 2.0 (0.7) cm, the total operation time was 45.5 (27.0) min, and the en bloc resection rate was 100 %. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion PSMT-SE is a potentially useful method for assisting resection of gastric SMT with tumor traction. Further prospective studies with large sample sizes are warranted.
Two-step ESD: an option for en-bloc resection of extensive colorectal laterally spreading tumors
Authors: Kawaguti Fabio S. , Okazaki Ossamu , Miyajima Nelson T. , Segateli Vanderlei , Marques Carlos F.S. , Nahas Caio S.R. , Martins Bruno C. , Nahas Sergio C. , Junior Ulysses R. , Filho Fauze M.
Published: August 2019

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is considered feasible and safe for treatment of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LST), However it remains a challenge in case of extensive lesions even for experts. This study aimed to describe a new method to facilitate ESD of extensive colorectal LSTs. Between July 2010 and January 2018, 140 patients underwent ESD for colorectal LSTs. Four of them were submitted to two-step ESD and were included in this retrospective study. The submucosal dissection of lesions larger than 12 cm started and continued until the medical team decided to pause the procedure and continue it in a second step. The second procedure was performed 2 days after to finish the en-bloc resection.Three patients were male, with mean age of 67.2y (± 2.2). All lesions were located in the rectum, with a mean size of 153.7 mm (± 33.8). En-bloc and curative resection were successfully achieved in all cases. Mean duration of the first step of the procedure was 255 minutes (± 61.8), and mean duration of the second step was 205 minutes (± 205). Overall mean duration of both steps was 460 minutes (± 168). Mean dissected area in the first step of the procedure was approximately 55 % of the lesion. No adverse events were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that performing ESD in two steps could be a feasible and safe option for exceptional cases in which is not possible to finish the procedure in one step, avoiding the morbidity of surgical treatment.
Vom Neurastheniker zum Bipolaren: Kaiser Wilhelm II. im Spiegel psychiatrischer Diagnosen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Bruns Florian , Karenberg Axel
Published: August 2019

Bereits kurz nach der Thronbesteigung Wilhelms II. im Jahr 1888 wurden Stimmen laut, die den Geisteszustand des deutschen Kaisers infrage stellten. Der von ihm entlassene Reichskanzler Bismarck gehörte zu den ersten, die Zweifel an der Zurechnungsfähigkeit des Monarchen in Umlauf brachten. Das exzentrische Auftreten Wilhelms II. lud zu manchen Spekulationen ein und schnell wurden Vergleiche mit dem bayerischen König Ludwig II. hergestellt, der 1886 für geisteskrank und amtsunfähig erklärt worden war. Der Historiker Ludwig Quidde verfasste 1894 eine Abhandlung über römischen Cäsarenwahnsinn, die auf Wilhelm II. gemünzt war und große Bekanntheit erlangte. Andere Zeitgenossen beschrieben den Kaiser als Neurastheniker, während einige Psychiater ihm nach seiner Abdankung eine manisch-depressive Erkrankung zuschrieben. In welchem Maße die Spekulationen über eine psychische Erkrankung Wilhelms II. zutrafen, lässt sich nicht mehr ermitteln. Die ad personam gerichteten Angriffe dienten seinen Gegnern als Mittel der politischen Auseinandersetzung und erreichten 1918/19 einen Höhepunkt, als über die Verantwortung für den verlorenen Ersten Weltkrieg gestritten wurde. Das Beispiel Wilhelms II. zeigt, dass sich Expertise und Deutungsmacht der Psychiatrie Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts bis in die Politik ausdehnten. Der Fall verweist überdies auf die Problematik psychiatrischer Ferndiagnosen und erinnert an die notwendige Trennung von psychiatrischem und politischem Urteil.
Practice patterns and predictors of prophylactic endoscopic clip usage during polypectomy
Authors: Forbes Nauzer , Hilsden Robert J. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , James Matthew T. , Lethebe Cord , Maxwell Courtney , Heitman Steven J.
Published: August 2019

Background and study aims Prophylactic endoscopic clips are commonly placed during polypectomy to reduce risk of delayed bleeding, although evidence to support this practice is unclear. Our study aimed to: (1) identify variables associated with prophylactic clip use; (2) explore variability between endoscopists’ clipping practices and (3) study temporal trends in prophylactic clip use.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study in a high-volume unit dedicated to screening-related colonoscopies. Colonoscopies involving polypectomy from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed. The primary outcome was prophylactic clipping status, both at the patient level and per polyp. Hierarchical regression models yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) to determine predictors of prophylactic clipping.

Results A total of 8,366 colonoscopies involving 19,129 polypectomies were included. Polyp size ≥ 20 mm was associated with higher clip usage (AOR 2.94; 95 % CI: 2.43, 3.54) compared to polyps < 10 mm. Right-sided polyps were more likely to be clipped (AOR 2.78; 95 % CI: 2.34, 3.30) relative to the rectum. Surgeons clipped less than gastroenterologists (OR 0.52; 95 % CI: 0.44, 0.63). From 2008 to 2014, the crude proportion of prophylactically clipped cases increased by 7.4 % (95 % CI: 7.1, 7.6) from 1.9 % to 9.3 %. Significant inter-endoscopist variability in clipping practices was observed, notably, for polyps < 10 mm.

Conclusions Prophylactic clip usage was correlated with established risk factors for delayed bleeding. Significantly increased clip usage over time was shown. Given that evidence does not clearly support prophylactic clipping, there is a need to educate practitioners and limit healthcare resource utilization.
Partizipative Entscheidungsfindung (PEF) – Patient und Arzt als Team
Authors: Bieber Christiane , Gschwendtner Kathrin , Müller Nicole , Eich Wolfgang
Published: August 2019

The article provides an overview on Shared Decision Making (SDM), which is considered as the ideal form of physician-patient-interaction by many stakeholders of the health care system. SDM is distinguished from other models of physician-patient-interaction such as the paternalistic model and the information model. Besides the degree of acceptance of SDM in the general population and among physicians, barriers for its implementation will be reported. Indications for SDM as well as strategies and support material for its use in individual consultations will be discussed and illustrated by an oncological case study. Effects of SDM for patients as well as for clinicians will be highlighted. After background information on origins of SDM, its significance with regard to health policy in Germany is discussed.
A prospective trial of CONfocal endomicroscopy in CYSTic lesions of the pancreas: CONCYST-01
Authors: Keane Margaret G. , Wehnert Natascha , Perez-Machado Miguel , Fusai Giuseppe K. , Thorburn Douglas , Oppong Kofi W. , Carroll Nicholas , Metz Andrew J. , Pereira Stephen P.
Published: August 2019

Background and study aims Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) are common. While some harbor malignant potential, accurate preoperative diagnosis remains challenging. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) via a 19G FNA needle enables real-time imaging of the cyst wall. This study evaluated the safety and utility of nCLE in patients with an indeterminate PCL undergoing EUS-FNA.

Patients and methods The CONCYST study prospectively
recruited patients with indeterminate PCL attending three hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) referral centers in the UK, with indeterminate PCL, who required EUS-FNA between July 2014 and October 2016. Following the procedure, all patients were followed up in telephone clinic for at least 12 months. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the National Research Ethics Service (14/LO/0040).

Results Sixty-seven patient were recruited, 11 excluded and 56 included in the final analysis: 35 male, 21 female; median age 68 (range 28 – 80). Recognizable confocal images were obtained in 48 of 56 cases. Median nCLE scanning time was 5 minutes and did not exceed 10 minutes in any case. EUS-nCLE findings correlated with final diagnosis (based on imaging, cytology and multidisciplinary team review) in 43/56 (77 %) of cases, compared with 37/56 (66 %) for cytology alone (P = 0.12). One patient experienced mild pruritus following the procedure and another developed an infected pseudocyst, which resolved with antibiotics.

Conclusions EUS-nCLE under conscious sedation in the day case setting is safe and provides additional information to standard EUS-FNA for diagnosing indeterminate PCL.
Position statement on EUS-guided ablation of pancreatic cystic neoplasms from an international expert panel
Authors: Teoh Anthony Yuen-Bun , Seo Dong Wan , Brugge William , Dewitt John , Kongkam Pradermchai , Linghu Enqiang , Moyer Matthew T. , Ryu Ji Kon , Ho Khek Yu
Published: August 2019

Background and aim Recently, several guidelines with divergent recommendations on management of pancreatic cystic neoplasm have been published but the role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreatic cyst ablation has not been thoroughly addressed. The aim of the current paper is to explore the issues surrounding EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation by generating a list of clinical questions and providing answers based on best scientific evidence available.

Methods An expert panel in EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation was recruited from members of the Asian EUS group and an international expert panel. A list of clinical questions was created and each question allocated to one member to generate a statement in response. The statements were then discussed in three Internet conference meetings between October 2016 and October 2017. The statements were changed until consensus was obtained. Afterwards, the complete set of statements was sent to all the panelist to vote on strength of the statements, classification of the statement sand grading of the evidence.

Results Twenty-three statements on EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic cyst ablation were formulated. The statements addressed indications for the procedures, technical aspects, pre-procedure and post-procedure management, management of complications, and competency and training in the procedures.

Conclusion The current set of statements on EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation are the first to be published by any endoscopic society. Clinicians interested in developing the technique should reference these statements and future studies should address the key issues raised in the document.
iNO Therapy in Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia – Discrepancy between Widespread Use and Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Herich Kira , Schaible Thomas , Reinhard Julia , Rafat Neysan , Otto Christiane , Schleef Rasmus , Büttner Sylvia , Lange Bettina
Published: August 2019

Background Despite recent studies failing to prove beneficial effects of iNO therapy in patients with CDH, its use is still widespread. The aim of this work was to analyze iNO use in a retrospective cohort focusing on outcome parameters. Patients 378 CDH patients born and treated in Mannheim University Medical Center, Department for Neonatology, between 2010 and 2017 constituted our cohort. Therapy was based on the standardized protocol of the CDH EURO Consortium.

Method General data (sex, birth weight, gestational age etc.) and therapy-related data (duration of iNO application, OI after 60 mins, need for ECMO support etc.) were collected from clinical reports and then conducted using SAS for both mono- and multivariate analyses.

Results Out of 378 newborns with CDH, 265 received iNO (70.1%), of whom 82 (30.9%) showed a significant OI reduction of ≥5 pts after 60 mins (=responders), median OI improved by 1.85 pts overall. Among initial responders iNO, application reduced the need for ECMO support (p=0.0054), increased the time to ECMO initiation (p=0.005) and reduced mortality (p=0.0396).

Discussion A group of 43 patients considerably benefited from iNO and thererfore as they did not need ECMO support. Even though iNO therapy has failed to prove significant beneficial effects for non-responders, the application is still to be considered an essential treatment method in the transitional period of CDH patients.

Conclusions A more critical approach towards iNO application in nonresponders should be promoted. Further extensive multicenter studies on treatment alternatives for CDH-PAH are desirable.
Predicting Outcome and Conservative Treatment Failure in Patients with Skull Fracture after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bobeff Ernest J. , Posmyk Bartłomiej J. , Bobeff Katarzyna Ł. , Fortuniak Jan , Wiśniewski Karol , Stawiski Konrad , Stefańczyk Ludomir , Jaskólski Dariusz J.
Published: August 2019

Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prognostic value of skull fracture (SF) remains to be clearly defined. To evaluate the need for neurosurgical intervention and determine the risk factors of conservative treatment failure (CTF), we retrieved from the hospital database the records of patients with SF after TBI.

Methods We analyzed 146 consecutive patients (mean age: 49.8 ± 17.5 years) treated at the department of neurosurgery in a 5-year period. Clinical data, radiologic reports, and laboratory results were evaluated retrospectively.

Results A total of 63% of patients were treated conservatively, 21.9% were operated on immediately, and 15.1% experienced CTF. Overall, 73.3% had a favorable outcome; the mortality rate was 13%. Intracranial bleeding occurred in 96.6% of cases, basilar SF in 61%, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in 2.8%. The independent risk factors for outcome were Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, age, and platelet count (PCT). The independent risk factors for CTF were epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, mass effect, edema, international normalized ratio, PCT, mean platelet volume, and CSF leakage. The consensus decision tree algorithm used at the accident and emergency department indicated patients with no need for neurosurgical intervention with an accuracy of 91.7%, sensitivity of 88.9%, and featured the importance of mass effect, GCS, and epidural hematoma.

Conclusions Tests included in the complete blood count appeared useful for predicting the course in patients with SF, although the most important factors were age and neurologic status, as well as radiologic findings. Our decision tree requires further validation before it can be used in everyday practice.
Técnica para reconstrução de membros de doadores de tecidos osteomusculares
Authors: Vialle Luiz Roberto Gomes , Vialle Emiliano Neves , Nanni Felipe de Negreiros
Published: August 2019

A doação de tecidos ósseos e tendíneos é uma importante fonte de material biológico empregado em diversas técnicas cirúrgicas. A remoção destes tecidos gera uma importante sequela estética no doador, sendo necessária a reconstrução dos membros antes da devolução do corpo aos familiares. A técnica utilizada pelo Banco de Ossos do Paraná faz uso de vergalhões metálicos, tubos de silicone e abraçadeiras de náilon para reconstruir os membros, uma técnica de fácil execução e com resultado estético satisfatório.
Markers for Identifying and Targeting Glioblastoma Cells during Surgery
Authors: Schipmann Stephanie , Schwake Michael , Suero Molina Eric , Stummer Walter
Published: August 2019

Glioblastoma is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. A factor influencing survival that can be affected by the surgeon is the extent of resection (EOR). Due to the infiltrative nature of the tumor, delineation of tumor from normal brain parenchyma is often challenging. To improve EOR and facilitate tumor visualization, several techniques have been developed over the last few years. This literature review presents an overview of current intraoperative strategies for identifying and targeting glioma cells and discusses the benefits and limitations of each technique. Along with conventional techniques such as neuronavigation and ultrasound, fluorescence-guided surgery with different fluorescent agents such as 5-aminolevulinc acid and fluorescein have been widely used. Recently, newer techniques have emerged and are being translated into the operating room, promising delineation of glioblastoma tissue using targeted approaches or identification on a microscopic level, for instance using Raman spectroscopy or confocal microscopy.
A Novel Prognostic Marker in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery: Prognostic Nutritional Index
Authors: Acarbaş Arsal
Published: August 2019

Objective The relationship of a preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) with perioperative adverse events (PAEs) other than delirium has never been described in patients undergoing spinal surgery. We aimed to evaluate the impact of admission PNI on the outcome of patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Methods Medical records of 408 consecutive patients 50 years or older undergoing spinal surgery were reviewed. Patients' information including demographic data, routine preoperative laboratory tests, and PNI were collected to assess the association between these factors and PAEs. The PNI was calculated from this formula: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count/mm3. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value of the PNI.

Results PAEs occurred in 61 (14.9%) of the patients. Older patients and those with more comorbid conditions such as atrial fibrillation, chronic renal failure, history of malignancy, and diabetes mellitus tended to have a higher rate of PAEs. Patients with PAEs had higher C-reactive protein (4.4 ± 5.4 vs 2.2 ± 3.0 mg/dL; p < 0.001) but had lower hemoglobin levels (12.2 ± 1.57 vs 13.1 ± 1.84 g/dL; p < 0.001) on admission. Patients who had PAEs had a significantly lower preoperative PNI (46.1 ± 4.4 vs 51.9 ± 5.8; p < 0.001) compared with patients without a PAE. Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76–1.35; p < 0.04), PNI < 47.7 (OR: 2.51; 95% CI, 1.188–5.477; p = 0.008) and the presence of diabetes (OR: 3.23; 95% CI, 11.326–7.474; p = 0.004) were significant and independent predictors of PAEs.

Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate that a lower preoperative PNI is associated with PAEs in patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Understanding Lateral Periodontal Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Chandel Monica Roy , Bishen Kundendu Arya , Agrawal Nikit , Singh Himanshu
Published: August 2019

Lateral periodontal cysts (LPCs) are developmental in origin and are typically seen in the canine-premolar area in the mandible and less commonly in the maxilla. Reported rate of incidence of LPCs is less than 1%, and LPCs represent only 0.8% of entire central cysts of the maxillary bone. Despite its unique clinical and radiological presentation, it is finally diagnosed due to its unique histological characteristics. Here, we present one case with characteristic findings. The routine hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections revealed reduced enamel epithelium-like cystic lining that is made of thin, nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium along with some epithelial plaques. The clinical-radio-pathological correlation affirmed the diagnosis of LPC. The pathogenesis of LPC has been discussed.
Fixation and Fixatives: Roles and Functions—A Short Review
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Bishen Kundendu Arya , Garg Deepti , Sukhija Hemani , Sharma Dheeraj , Tomar Urvashi
Published: August 2019

Fixation is considered as physiochemical process where cells or tissues are fixed chemically. Fixatives perform various functions such as prevention of autolysis and tissue putrefaction. Various fixative agents include formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide, glyoxal, picric acid, and so on. A detailed search on PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus database showed very few articles on “fixation” and “fixative.” Keeping this fact in mind, a comprehensive review on fixation and fixatives was prepared. The main aim of this review is to make pathologists and laboratory technicians familiar with the basic aspects and different types of fixatives.
Diffuse Leiomyomatosis: Complete Myomectomy for Innumerable Small Nodules to Achieve Fertility Sparing and Childbearing
Authors: Konishi Ikuo
Published: August 2019

Diffuse leiomyomatosis is a rare condition among benign smooth muscle neoplasms of the uterus, being defined as innumerable small myomatous nodules that mainly occur in the submucosal area. Young women with this disease suffer from menorrhagia, pains, and infertility. It is essential to perform extensive myomectomy after opening the endometrial cavity by a deep, median, longitudinal incision of the uterine corpus, followed by careful suture and reconstruction of the uterus for fertility spearing and childbearing in young women with this disease. So far, there have been no experiences of the uterine rupture during pregnancy even after such myomectomy, but Caesarean section is recommended for safe delivery.
A New Technique for Research on Wound Healing through Extraction of Mandibular Lower Incisors in Wistar Rats
Authors: Khoswanto Christian
Published: August 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to explain a new technique for research on wound healing through extraction of mandibular lower incisors in Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods Fifty Wistar rats were used from studies using the experimental animal to investigate the effects of wound healing drugs on alveolar bone. The mandibular incisors of the Wistar rats were extracted using a special modified bein and special pulling pliers under general anesthesia. The tooth socket after extraction was closed using a 5.0 suture nylon needle.

Results The results of this technique used in this extraction showed 2% incisor tooth fracture and 3% bleeding, and that all fractured teeth could be removed properly, and bleeding could be stopped after suturing.

Conclusion The new techniques we use can be useful for research on mucosal and alveolar bone healing, specifically finding new types of drugs to accelerate wound healing after alveolar bone post extraction.
Considerations in Orbital Reconstruction for the Oncologic Surgeon: Critical versus Optimal Objectives
Authors: Legocki Alex T. , Miles Brett A.
Published: August 2019

Background Orbital reconstruction following oncologic midface resection is uniquely challenging, and makes critical contributions to patient aesthetics, function, and identity. Approach is largely dependent on surgeon and patient preferences, and there exists no consensus on defect characterization.

Objective The goal of the study is to provide a mental framework for the reconstructive oncologic surgeon to use as a foundation during his or her approach to the orbit.

Design The design of the study is based on the review of current literature and expert opinion.

Conclusions Critical versus optimal objectives must be set in orbital reconstruction, and a systematic approach should be followed. We approach orbital reconstruction by first deciding whether globe-sparing surgery is possible, or if orbital exenteration will be necessary. We then set critical and optimal objectives for our chosen pathway. Critical goals in globe-sparing reconstruction include maintaining orbital volume and preserving visual function, and an optimal goal includes preservation of the nasolacrimal system. Critical goals in orbital exenteration include obliterating the defect, sealing the skull base and nasal cavities, and allowing eye protection to be worn over the contralateral eye postoperatively. Optimal goals in exenteration include preparation for prosthetics, volume and bony replacement, eyelid-sparing technique, and consideration of postoperative radiation.
Management of Temporal Bone Malignancy in Ireland
Authors: Woods Robbie S. R. , Naude Anel , O'Sullivan John Barry , Rawluk Daniel , Javadpour Mohsen , Walshe Peter , Lacy Peter D. , O'Neill James Paul , McConn-Walsh Rory
Published: August 2019

Objectives Lateral temporal bone malignancy remains a challenging rare disease. We report 17 years of multidisciplinary care of these tumors with univariate and multivariate analyses of key prognostic indicators for consideration in contemporary oncological management.

Design This is a retrospective cohort study.

Setting This is set at a tertiary referral center.

Participants All patients presenting with histopathologically newly diagnosed cases of temporal bone malignancy between 2000 and 2017 were included.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures are disease-specific and recurrence-free survival rates.

Results In this study, 48 cases of temporal bone malignancy were diagnosed. Median age at diagnosis was 69 years (range: 5–88). Fourteen patients were female. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant malignancy in 34 cases (71%). Surgical treatment was undertaken in 37 patients. Mean length of follow-up was 32 months (range: 0.7–117). Overall 5-year disease-specific survival was 52.4%, while overall 5-year recurrence-free survival was 53.5%. On univariate analysis, significantly worse survival was seen in females (p = 0.008), those with distant metastatic disease (p = 0.041), and in middle ear involvement (p = 0.012) with no difference for involvement of the external auditory canal (p = 0.98) or mastoid (p = 0.78). Only middle ear involvement remained significant on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion A wide variety of malignant pathology may present in the temporal bone. Recurrence-free survival is equivalent to international data; however, this figure is low. This emphasizes the need to treat these tumors appropriately with radical resection, where possible, at first presentation. Therefore, multidisciplinary surgical input is recommended. Middle ear involvement was a negative prognosticator for disease-specific and recurrence-free survivals.
Correction: Social and juristic challenges of artificial intelligence
Authors: Perc Matjaž , Ozer Mahmut , Hojnik Janja
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
In operando studies of CO oxidation on epitaxial SrCoO2.5+δ thin films
Authors: Folkman Chad M. , Chang Seo Hyoung , Jeen Hyoungjeen , Perret Edith , Baldo Peter M. , Thompson Carol , Eastman Jeffrey A. , Lee Ho Nyung , Fong Dillon D.
Published: August 2019

The high abundance and fast kinetics of select transition metal oxide catalysts are attractive features for many chemical and electrochemical device applications. However, the activity of such catalysts can be accompanied by phase instabilities that prevent their widespread usage. Furthermore, complexities associated with variations in phase behavior and oxygen stoichiometry have hindered studies on the true origins of catalytic activity. Here, we explore the interactions between activity, phase stability, and microstructure using in operando synchrotron X-ray techniques and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GCMS) to probe the behavior of model SrCoO2.5+δ (SCO) catalysts. Pulsed laser deposition was used to prepare SCO thin films on (001) SrTiO3, (111) SrTiO3, and pseudocubic (001) DyScO3 substrates. The GCMS catalytic measurements were performed with a custom-built microreactor compatible with a synchrotron X-ray diffractometer at the Advanced Photon Source. The activity for carbon monoxide oxidation was determined as a function of temperature from 500 °C to 800 °C. We show that the SrCoO2.5+δ films are active for CO oxidation, most likely by direct reaction with lattice oxygen; consequently, the activity was observed to increase as the films become less stable, with the most active film being the one exhibiting the lowest surface and crystal quality. All films decompose at high temperatures, with in operando diffraction indicating the gradual formation of Sr-rich hexagonal and CoO phases. We find that real-time studies of model oxide systems with synchrotron X-rays is a powerful means of gaining insight into the varied processes taking place at catalytic surfaces.
Automated sensing and splitting of stem cell colonies on microraft arrays
Authors: DiSalvo Matthew , Smiddy Nicole M. , Allbritton Nancy L.
Published: August 2019

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are widely used for disease modeling, tissue engineering, and clinical applications. Although the development of new disease-relevant or customized hiPSC lines is of high importance, current automated hiPSC isolation technologies rely largely on the fluorescent labeling of cells, thus limiting the cell line development from many applications. The objective of this research was to develop a platform for high-throughput hiPSC cytometry and splitting that utilized a label-free cell sensing approach. An image analysis pipeline utilizing background subtraction and standard deviation projections was implemented to detect hiPSC colonies from bright-field microscopy data. The pipeline was incorporated into an automated microscopy system coupling quad microraft cell-isolation arrays, computer-based vision, and algorithms for smart decision making and cell sorting. The pipeline exhibited a hiPSC detection specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 88%, allowing for the successful tracking of growth for hundreds of microcolonies over 7 days. The automated platform split 170 mother colonies from a microarray within 80 min, and the harvested daughter biopsies were expanded into viable hiPSC colonies suitable for downstream assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or continued culture. Transmitted light microscopy offers an alternative, label-free modality for isolating hiPSCs, yet its low contrast and specificity for adherent cells remain a challenge for automation. This novel approach to label-free sensing and microcolony subsampling with the preservation of the mother colony holds the potential for hiPSC colony screening based on a wide range of properties including those measurable only by a cell destructive assay.
Abelian M5-brane on Sq6
Authors: Gustavsson Andreas
Published: August 2019

We compute the conformal anomaly of the Abelian M5 brane on a conical deformation Sq6 of the round six-sphere. Our results agree with the corresponding results on S1×H5 that were obtained in J. Nian and Y. Zhou, “Renyi entropy of a free (2, 0) tensor multiplet and its supersymmetric counterpart,” Phys. Rev. D 93(12), 125010 (2016). For the free energies, we obtain missing Casimir energy contributions, inconsequential for the Renyi entropies, and we obtain the proposed constant shift for the Renyi entropy of the self-dual two-form.
Effect of calorific intake on proteomic composition of colostrum in dairy cows
Authors: Park Hyun Jung , Jeong Ha Yeon , Lee Won Young , Song Hyuk
Published: August 2019

The amount of concentrated feed supplied to a dairy cow affects milk yield. However, there is no evidence of a relationship between the colostrum proteomic composition and energy intake. We supplied 30 heifers (4–24 months old, two groups of 15 heifers each) with either a normal diet and high-energy diet to investigate the correlation between energy intake and colostrum protein composition. Colostrum milk proteins were analysed on the day of calving and on the third day following calving using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Five proteins were identified as differentially expressed between the two feeding groups in the colostrum on the day of calving. The levels of αS2-casein precursor and β-casein was higher in the colostrum from the high-energy diet group (HEG), whereas the levels of IgG3 heavy chain constant region, non-classical MHC class I antigen isoform X2, and β-casein A2 variant were higher in the normal-diet group (NEG) colostrum. Twelve differential proteins were identified on the third day: β-lactoglobulin, αS2-casein, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, lactoferrin, fibrinogen gamma-B chain isoform X1, non-classical MHC class I antigen isoform X2, complement C3, gelsolin isoform A precursor, vitamin D-binding protein isoform X1, immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain constant region, IgG3 heavy chain constant region and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. All were present at higher levels in the normal-diet group colostrum than in the high-energy diet group colostrum, although the milk yield from mature cows was lower in the normal-diet group. In conclusion, a high-energy diet can enhance milk production; however, the levels of immune-related factors are higher in the colostrum of cows fed a normal diet.
Hierarchical variance decomposition of fish scale growth and age to investigate the relative contributions of readers and scales
Authors: Aulus-Giacosa L. , Aymes J.-C. , Gaudin P. , Vignon M.
Published: August 2019

Correct estimation of interindividual variability is of primary importance in models aiming to quantify population dynamics. In a fisheries context, individual information such as age and growth is often extracted using scales; however, the rationale for using a given scalimetric method (i.e. number of scales per individual and number of readers) is rarely discussed, but different sources of variance may affect the results. As a case study, we used scale growth and age of brown trout (Salmo trutta) caught in the Kerguelen Islands. Based on a nested design (readings of four scales per fish by two independent readers), we decomposed variance in growth and age according to fish (interindividual level), scales (intraindividual level) and readers by using repeatability analysis. The results highlight that most variation is attributable to fish. Readers and scales contribute little to interindividual variance, suggesting that inference was insensitive to intraorganism biological variation. Using additional scales or readers was an inefficient use of sampling resources. We argue that variance decomposition should be widely used for studies aimed at modelling natural variability in life history traits. This would improve our knowledge of the implications of measurement error, helping rationalise and define appropriate sampling strategies.
The habitat and management of hairy jointgrass (Arthraxon hispidus, Poaceae) on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: White Laura , Catterall Claudia , Taffs Kathryn
Published: August 2019

Ecological information about threatened species is required to guide strategic management approaches for effective biodiversity conservation in Australia. Arthraxon hispidus (hairy jointgrass) is a listed threatened species in New South Wales (NSW), but there is limited information on its habitat preferences and native vegetation associations, as well as the impact of historical and ongoing anthropogenic disturbance on its distribution and abundance. In the present study, populations of A. hispidus on the north coast of NSW were surveyed to investigate the habitat characteristics associated with various occurrences of the species. Its preferred habitat was found to be dense ground-cover formations in high-moisture, low-canopy conditions. Cover was highest in moisture-associated assemblages in and around wetlands, drainage lines and groundwater seepages, often in association with native grasses, sedges and herbs. These findings suggest that naturally open freshwater wetland communities comprise the most plausible native habitat niches for A. hispidus populations on the north coast of NSW. A. hispidus also occurs widely among introduced pastures and weeds in previously forested areas, demonstrating the species’ potential to exploit derived habitat. Results indicate that, although ongoing disturbance continues to promote A. hispidus in these exotic-dominated landscapes where historical clearing has created potential habitat opportunities, anthropogenic disturbance (slashing or cattle grazing) is not necessary to sustain A. hispidus within native-dominated wetland communities. Findings suggest more scope for integrated management of A. hispidus within broader native vegetation conservation strategies rather than a single species approach.
Engineering energetically efficient transport of dicarboxylic acids in yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Darbani Behrooz , Stovicek Vratislav , van der Hoek Steven Axel , Borodina Irina
Published: August 2019

Significance

The export of organic acids is typically proton or sodium coupled and requires energetic expenditure. Consequently, the cell factories producing organic acids must use part of the carbon feedstock on generating the energy for export, which decreases the overall process yield. Here, we show that organic acids can be exported from yeast cells by voltage-gated anion channels without the use of proton, sodium, or ATP motive force, resulting in more efficient fermentation processes.
High-performance all-solid-state batteries enabled by salt bonding to perovskite in poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Xu Henghui , Chien Po-Hsiu , Shi Jianjian , Li Yutao , Wu Nan , Liu Yuanyue , Hu Yan-Yan , Goodenough John B.
Published: August 2019

Significance

Use of a flexible solid polymer electrolyte is a common strategy to obtain an all-solid-state lithium battery of high stored electric power at acceptable charge–discharge cycling rates. Commercial realization of this strategy with poly(ethylene oxide) containing a garnet ceramic has been unsuccessful and dendrites form and grow across garnet electrolytes without proper treatment of the garnet surface. We report that use of a perovskite Li
+
electrolyte in place of the garnet ceramic provides an adequate Li
+
conductivity at 25 °C without dendrite formation. We also demonstrate a binding of the TFSI
−
anion of a LiTFSI [lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] salt to the polymer, which increases both the Li
+
conductivity and the Li
+
transport number.
Berberine and palmatine inhibit the growth of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Shinji Sayaka , Nakamura Shunichi , Nihashi Yuma , Umezawa Koji , Takaya Tomohide
Published: August 2019

A natural isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine, has been known to exhibit anti-tumor activity in various cancer cells via inducing cell cycle arrest. However, it has not been investigated whether berberine and its analogs inhibit the growth of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), which is the most frequent soft tissue tumor in children. The present study examined the anti-tumor effects of berberine and palmatine on expansions of three human embryonal RMS cell lines; ERMS1, KYM1, and RD. Intracellular incorporation of berberine was relatively higher than that of palmatine in every RMS cell line. Berberine significantly inhibited the cell cycle of all RMS cells at G1 phase. On the other hand, palmatine only suppressed the growth of RD cells. Both of berberine and palmatine strongly inhibited the growth of tumorsphere of RD cells in three-dimensional culture. These results indicate that berberine derivatives have the potential of anti-tumor drugs for RMS therapy.

Abbreviations: ARMS: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma; ERMS: embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma; RMS: rhabdomyosarcoma
Multilayer GPLRC composite cylindrical nanoshell using modified strain gradient theory
Authors: Esmailpoor Hajilak Zanyar , Pourghader Johar , Hashemabadi Davoud , Sharifi Bagh Farzaneh , Habibi Mostafa , Safarpour Hamed
Published: August 2019

In this paper, influence of modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) on buckling, free and forced vibration characteristics of the composite cylindrical nanoshell reinforced with graphene nanoplatelet (GPL) in thermal environment is investigated. The material properties of piece-wise
functionally graded graphene-reinforced composites GPLRC are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction of a cylindrical nanoshell and are estimated through a nanomechanical model. The results show that GPL distribution pattern, three length scale parameters, number of layers and GPL
weight function have important role on resonance frequencies, buckling load, relative frequency and dynamic deflections of the GPLRC cylindrical nanoshell.
Claudins and JAM-A coordinately regulate tight junction formation and epithelial polarity
Authors: Otani Tetsuhisa , Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Tokuda Shinsaku , Sugihara Kei , Sugawara Taichi , Furuse Kyoko , Miura Takashi , Ebnet Klaus , Furuse Mikio
Published: August 2019

Tight junctions (TJs) establish the epithelial barrier and are thought to form a membrane fence to regulate epithelial polarity, although the roles of TJs in epithelial polarity remain controversial. Claudins constitute TJ strands in conjunction with the cytoplasmic scaffolds ZO-1 and ZO-2 and play pivotal roles in epithelial barrier formation. However, how claudins and other TJ membrane proteins cooperate to organize TJs remains unclear. Here, we systematically knocked out TJ components by genome editing and show that while ZO-1/ZO-2–deficient cells lacked TJ structures and epithelial barriers, claudin-deficient cells lacked TJ strands and an electrolyte permeability barrier but formed membrane appositions and a macromolecule permeability barrier. Moreover, epithelial polarity was disorganized in ZO-1/ZO-2–deficient cells, but not in claudin-deficient cells. Simultaneous deletion of claudins and a TJ membrane protein JAM-A resulted in a loss of membrane appositions and a macromolecule permeability barrier and in sporadic epithelial polarity defects. These results demonstrate that claudins and JAM-A coordinately regulate TJ formation and epithelial polarity.