bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of technology for functional food products on based on combination of raw materials of vegetable and meat origin
Authors: Hayrapetyan A A , Manzhesov V I , Churikova S Yu
Published: January 2020

The most rational and promising way to solve the problem of healthy nutrition, according to most scientists and specialists, is to combine raw materials of meat and vegetable origin. To obtain functional products, an important factor is not only the enrichment of food products with vegetable raw materials, but also the stabilization of the quality of meat systems. The use of vegetable components in addition to raw meat makes it possible to obtain combined products that are diverse in composition, which significantly expands the range of high-quality products and creates the possibility of designing products of a given composition. Also, it was found that the content of only meat or vegetable protein in food has less biological value than their mixture. The combination of vegetable and meat protein is well achieved in paste products. The article highlights the development of technology for the production of functional foods using meat and vegetable raw materials. The study objective was the development of combined food products for medical, prophylactic and functional purposes. An improved recipe for meat paste with the addition of vegetable ingredients is proposed. Quality assessment by organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the end-product was carried out according to generally accepted methods.
Phototrophic microorganisms for agricultural technology and food security
Authors: Didovich S V , Alekseenko O P , Pas A N , Didovich A N
Published: January 2020

The main idea of the study was to find cyanobacteria for the development of fertilizers, plant protection products and as well as for the use in agro-biotechnology. The physiological and biochemical potential of 22 strains of cyanobacteria and its influence on the efficiency of plant-microbe interactions were studied. Promising cyanobacterial strainsNostoc sp.ACSSI 57,Desmonostoc muscorumACSSI 149,Desmonostoc muscorumACSSI 091 can be recommended for development of biofertilizer. StrainNostoc calcicolaACSSI 82 is promising for the development of biopreparations with herbicidal action. StrainsNostoc sphaeroidesACSSI 150 andNostoc linckiaACSSI 271 can be used as a basis for biological stimulants and inhibitors of plant growth and development. It depends on the level of physiological parameters during cultivation in artificial media. Bacterization with one-month culture of a strainNostoc linckiaACSSI 271 and a homogenate of the strainNostoc sphaeroidesACSSI 150 significantly increased seed germination ofTriticum aestivumL. (by 22.2 and 11.0%, p < 0.05). Strains of cyanobacteriaNostoc linckiaACSSI 271,Nostoc calcicolaACSSI 82 andNostoc sphaeroidesACSSI 150 are able to affect the enzymatic activity and productivity ofAmbrosia artemisiifoliaL. Phytomass of plants after bacterization essentially (the least significant difference(0.5) is 2.31) reduced by 1.4-1.6 times (28.7-39.3%) compared to control (12.59 g/plant) and depending on the strain and its form of preparation. This suggests that bacterization with these strains is a powerful inhibitory factor forAmbrosia artemisiifoliaL.
Using the heart rate of a bird embryo to monitor its condition
Authors: Andrianov E A , Andrianov A A , Sudakov A N , Dudin P I
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the problem of artificial incubation of eggs of bird species, whose incubation is carried out for the first time and for which there are no data on the optimal temperature regime. The question of the need for using the methods allowing individual monitoring of the embryo is raised. The data from the literature on non-invasive methods of biological control of incubation, allowing changing the heart rate of a bird embryo to control its condition, are presented. It was found that the heart rate of embryos decreases as they develop. A similar effect on the heart rate, regardless of age, provides a decrease in temperature and lack of oxygen. Motor activity of the embryo creates interference check of the heart rate. The results of testing the device for determining the heart rate of the embryo of birds by the optical method are presented. The circle of factors influencing the accuracy of measurements is defined. The possibility of lifetime determination of the duration of hypoxia of the embryo of birds by monitoring the heart rate is experimentally confirmed. The possibility of using the method of heart rate control to detect the degree of hypoxia of the embryo in order to determine the exact time of human operational intervention in the process of hatching of rare bird species is discussed.
Improving treatment of subclinical cow mastitis using miramistin antiseptic agent
Authors: Skogoreva A M , Manzhurina O A , Popova O V , Semyonov S N , Aristov A V
Published: January 2020

The milk from cows suffering from mastitis often contains pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microflora, which presents a serious social and economic problem. Bacteriological and mycological examination at a dairy plant in Voronezhskaya oblast in the Russian Federation allowed diagnosing 37.3% of cows at the end of the lactation period with subclinical mastitis, which is due to the association of potentially pathogenic microorganisms with low sensitivity to a number of antibiotics. It was found that dienomast and the 0.01% solution of miramistin have the same therapeutical compatibility rate when introduced intracisternally before the drying off (93.3%). However, miramistin shows a better effect in the long term, i.e. after calving (by 15.5%). It was first ascertained that the combined use of both agents allows improving the preventive treatment of subclinical mastitis while maintaining up to 95.6% of the therapeutic effect after calving, which is better than when using each of the agents separately by 7.6% and 33.1% respectively. The intracisternally introduced miramistin ejects from the body together with milk within 24 hours.
The study of the natural chicken brooding in laboratory conditions
Authors: Andrianov E A , Andrianov A A , Sudakov A N , Dudin P I
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the preparation for the experiment on long-term monitoring of the temperature of eggs and brooder-hens, the heart rate and the motor activity of the embryos and the motor activity and the behavior of brooder-hens during natural chicken brooding in laboratory conditions. The issues of laboratory premises selection and their internal layout are discussed. We suggest protecting the hardware from dust and excessive humidity by installing it in an isolated chamber in the immediate proximity to the cages with birds. The factors influencing the results of the experiments that involve living animals are analyzed. Some ready-made solutions are suggested to arrange the power supply of the laboratory. We also describe the appropriate components of the hardware set for the monitoring of the controlled parameters.
Proecting of functional structure of fish product
Authors: Suhareva T N , Sergienko I V
Published: January 2020

The article touches upon the issue of the increasing way of fish products nutrition, the provision of a normal course of exchange processes in an organism and fish production with various micronutrients additives. Fish products enrich a compounding with proteins, vitamins and mineral substances, and also significantly reduce caloric content. Compounding creation is to partly replace a white bread by bran linen and replace the water by turnip adding. This allows enriching the product with food fibers, micro and macrocells and vitamins. The bran linen samples (10, 20 and 30 %) were investigated for optimum present of vegetable raw materials determination. The samples were made to determinate the optimum functional and organoleptic characteristics of semi-finished products. Prepared experimental samples of combined fish cutlets with vegetable raw materials addition and control sample “fish cutlets” were tested for quality according to physical-chemical and organoleptic indices. That indicates their biological value and quality. Content investigation of such extremely scarce amino acids as a lysine, methionine and tryptophane shows that the fish cutlets «Selyanochka» exceeds a control sample only on amino acid of a lysine of 26.7%, and on the others showed an equal quantity. The same situation is with the content of the amino acids influencing growth process and development (a leucine, an isoleucine and threonine) for 7.7%; 33.3% and 42.8% respectively in comparison with control. The new type of cutlets with functional ingredients has a number of useful properties for a human body and can be recommended for preventive foods.
Composite mixtures in the creation of functional products based on rabbit meat
Authors: Kurchaeva E E , Vostroilov A V , Maksimov I V , Kalashnikova S V , Glotova I A
Published: January 2020

The actuality of obtaining high quality products enriched with functional ingredients is due to the expansion of the market of existing functional meat products and the involvement of plant resources in the production cycle, leveling the shortcomings of the main raw materials, as well as improving metabolic processes in the human body. The purpose of the article is to consider approaches to the use of composite mixtures based on dietary fibers of Jerusalem artichoke, Lupin flour, amaranth cake and animal protein in the production of chopped semi-finished products of increased nutritional and biological value. To assess the functional and technological properties of the composite mixture, methods based on the maximum absorption and retention of water and fat were used; model meat systems by methods based on the release and retention of moisture and fat, the chemical composition of the resulting product by standard physical and chemical research methods. The efficiency of using the composite mixture at a dosage of 25% to the weight of lean pork in obtaining stable meat systems is justified. The studies confirm the positive effect of composite mixtures on the base of complex use of raw materials of plant and animal origin to improve functional and technological properties of meat systems on the basis of the meat-based resource precocious meat – poultry and rabbits in optimally selected ratio and also the enrichment of the meat obtained system of dietary fiber and protein, which in turn allows solving the problem an integrated approach to the use of raw materials and stabilization of quality of meat products of functional orientation.
Quality and cheese suitability of milk depending on the breed in the conditions of the Voronezh region
Authors: Vostroilov A V , Artemov E S , Volkova E E , Pelevina G A , Kapustin S I
Published: January 2020

The article presents the analysis of the quality, technological properties of milk and its cheese suitability. The object of research was milk-raw materials obtained from the following breeds of cattle-red and white, Holstein and Simmental. The choice of cattle breeds is not accidental, as the animals of these breeds are mainly used for the production of raw milk in the Voronezh region. During the determination of the quality of milk organoleptic (taste, smell, color and consistency), physical (acidity, density) indicators and chemical (mass fraction of fat, protein, lactose, dry matter, skimmed milk solids), technological (thermal stability of the alcoholic sample, rennet coagulability) properties were determined.
On some problems of modern intensive animal husbandry
Authors: Savrasov D A , Mikhailov A A , Stepanov V A , Lopatin V T , Kartashov S S
Published: January 2020

Metabolism violations are one of the most acute problems of industrial husbandry farming. Ketosis of cows remains an urgent problem. The material for the study was highly productive cows of the first and second lactations on 1-14 days after calving, weighing 480-630 kg. Animals suffering from metabolic subclinical ketosis were divided into two groups (71 heads in each group). Clinical studies were performed by testing the amount of β-hydroxybutyrate and analyzing data in Dairy Comp 305. The enterprise protocols were used to treat the animals. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated every day; on the second day, 46.5% of cows recovered in the first group, 38.0% - in the second group, and 53.5% and 62% of cows in each group recovered on the third day. In animals with metabolic disorders, in particular, ketosis, the genetic lactation potential is not fully used which decreases profitability of the farm. Daily well-structured work aimed at preventing and treating postpartum diseases that decrease dry matter intake can reduce the risk of secondary ketosis. To reduce the risks of primary (metabolic) ketosis, it is necessary to follow the feeding regimes in all technological groups of animals and form them from animals with the same hierarchical status.
Cardiac rhythm variability method - an innovative decision in the area of modern dairy cattle breeding
Authors: Emelyanova A S , Kashirina L G , Emelyanov S D , Trfandyan M T , Dorokhina J E
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the method of heart rate variability as a test for early forecast of the potential of animal milk productivity. The correlation dependence of the milk productivity of cows of the Jersey breed with a stress index is provided. The article discusses the reduction of milk productivity of cows with the autonomic regulation of sympathicotonia in the process of economic use. The paper analyzes parameters of milk productivity of the experimental group of animals for different periods of time and the significant difference in milk productivity for different years is indicated.
In vivo experiments to determine the efficiency of the elementary status correction
Authors: Kutsova A E , Sergienko I V , Alehina A V , Kosenko I S , Kutsov S V
Published: January 2020

The article is about the determination of the elementary factors and common elementary human statuses. To assess the effectiveness of the developed therapeutic and prophylactic preparations the analysis of biomedical research products, using weight and growth features, and hematological and biochemical parameters, is given. During the experiment the appearance and behavior of the animals, their appetite and the mass indexes change were controlled. To examine the acute toxicity the investigated product was put into stomachs of white mice and white rats males by the stomach pump. The growing dose could be lethal for most animals within 15 days. The preparation was diluted with the 0,5 cm3 distilled water for the mice and 2 cm 3 for the rats. During the experiment the animals were pithed to estimate the hematology and biochemical indicators of their collected blood. The researches helps to conclude that the developed preparation has obvious anti-anemic effects, does not affect the animal’s health, is a low-toxic chemical substance – 4-th class of toxicity, does not have allergic, embryologic, teratogenic and skin-resorptive features, the accumulation level is weak. Feeding the animals with the preparation did not show any violations of the organs, tissues and the body system. The preparation positively affects the metabolic processes and weight gain of the white rats. The developed anti-anemic preparation is biologically valued. It has high consumer qualities; mass fraction of protein and iron, vitamins and other essential nutrients. The technologies allow producing a wide range of preparation for the children, pregnant and lactating women, patients in rehabilitation period and people affected the harmful factors in accidents at the industrial enterprises, living in risk areas and working in therapeutic and preventive medicine, suffering from iron-deficiency anemia.
Features of sorption interactions of plant dietary fiber with heavy metal cations according to absorption IR spectroscopy
Authors: Peregonchaya O V , Sokolova S A , Derkanosova N M
Published: January 2020

The article presents research data on the functional composition of dietary fiber from quince, apple and pumpkin by absorption infrared spectroscopy. An assessment of the potential cation exchange activity of the fibers depending on the pH of the medium by comparing the intensities of the characteristic absorption bands was carried out. Under the conditions of biological media close to acidity, sorption of Pb2 +, Co2 +, Cd2 + cations from solutions of their salts was carried out. The potential sorption activity of dietary fiber from apple in relation to Pb2 + and Co2 + is shown. For pumpkin fibers a number of selectivity is predicted: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+.
Studying the properties of oils from secondary raw materials
Authors: Sorokina I A , Kolobaeva A A , Panina E V
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the properties of wild rose and black current oils, received from wastages of fruit and berry processing. Oils from secondary materials are usually used as food and processing additives. We suggest their utilization as functional additives to cosmetic soap. Functional properties of oils are conditioned by fatty acid composition, which was determined with Gas Chromatography. It has been noted that both types of oil contain linoleic, oleate, alpha-linolenic acid, and some medium-chain-length fatty acids. Besides, black currant oil has high content of hamma-linolenic acid. The recommended dosage of additives has been determined with the account of interaction with other components of soap by Delphi method. The best ratio is 1.5…2.0 % of wild rose or black currant oils to the mass of the soap base.
Fermentation specialist competency profile: current trends
Authors: Romanenko E S , Khokhlova E V , Ivashova V A , Mironova E A , Chvalun R V
Published: January 2020

The work presents the results of a survey of fermentation specialists in the south of Russia who expressed their opinion on the current profile of competencies that should be presented in the educational program to ensure the competitiveness of a university graduate in this area of training. We conducted a survey of scientific publications in the subject area - the competence of a modern specialist in fermentation production. As a result, relevant technological innovations of fermentation production were established, associated, firstly, with the chemical component of the production process, secondly, with the physical and technological conditions for its implementation, and thirdly, with market conditions and emerging gastronomic regional and global trends. The expert community assessed the competencies of the Federal State Educational Standard on the degree to which graduates of the training program “Food products from plant materials” are formed, which shows that the following competencies remain less formed: the ability to use information technologies to solve technological problems in the production of food products from plant materials (noted by 63, 6% of the number of respondents); the ability to use the principles of the quality management system and the organizational and legal foundations of managerial and entrepreneurial activity (noted by 54.5% of the number of respondents); the ability to search, store, process and analyze information from various sources and databases, present it in the required format using information, computer and network technologies (noted by 45.5% of the number of respondents).
Peasant farms in Russia: trends and development forecasts
Authors: Kuznetsova A R , Askarov A A , Askarova A A
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the present state and development trends of peasant farms in Russia and Bashkortostan Republic. Their major production problems are demonstrated against the background of the present state of agriculture, the authors characterize the institutional environment of peasant farms operation, its impact upon the agrarian capacity of the region and investment activity of other organizational and legal forms of agricultural entities in the Republic. The article justifies the need to create agricultural production and consumer cooperatives, aimed at processing, supply, sales and service functions primarily, as well as to massively involve peasant farms in their structures. Thereby, the authors think, the efficiency of the agrarian sector of Bashkortostan Republic and, consequently, of Russia as a whole, will be significantly increased.
Innovative photogrammetric methods for monitoring agrolandscapes nanorelief
Authors: Vaneeva M V , Makarenco S A , Redzhepov M B , Netrebina J S , Vaneev S R
Published: January 2020

The object of the study is the materials of aerial photography obtained with the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) DJI Phantom 3 Advanced and processed by Agisoft PhotoScan Professional Edition software. The objective of the present research is to study the feasibility of the data obtained by innovative photogrammetric methods for monitoring and analyzing the agrolandscapes nanorelief as well as for the design of agrolandscapes in adaptive landscape farming, to identify the possibilities of assessing the occurrence of erosion and make a forecast of their development in the study area using photographic plans. In the course of the work, methods and means of obtaining aerial photographs of a site in the Voronezh region were considered. The altitude map and orthophotomap resulting from image processing were analysed. It has been revealed that such digital models make it possible to study and analyze the state of the surface of agrolandscapes up to the smallest forms of nanorelief both visually and with the application of mathematical characteristics. However, deficiencies in the accuracy of the obtained plans along the edges of the shooting area were noted and the methods for solving the problem of inacuracy were proposed.
Numerical simulation of the operation of the disc shredder
Authors: Teryushkov V P , Chupshev A V , Konovalov V V , Rodinov Y V , Gumarov G S
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the work is to model the performance of the disk grain shredder by numerical methods of determining the performance of the device and its components, and to establish the existing trends in the influence of the size of the initial particles on the components of the shredder performance. The increase in the initial particle size leads to an increase in the initial angular velocity of the particle movement, which increases as the particle is compressed, while the increase in particle size does not significantly reduce the productivity of the shredder due to the worsening conditions of particle capture by the disks as they increase in size. The increase in the initial spring compression force ensures a reduction in the thickness of the resulting flattened particles and at the same time reduces the productivity.
Research of methods of processing post-spirit drinking enterprises of the central-black-earth district
Authors: Ivanova E S , Rodionovich Y V , Ivanova E P , Konovalov V V , Nikitin D V
Published: January 2020

Ethanol is a valuable product that is widely used in various sectors of the economy. In the alcohol industry, various wastes are generated - post-alcohol distillery stillage, by-products of the distillation of ethyl alcohol, microorganism cells, among which a significant amount is the post-alcohol distillery stillage. Disposal of stillage is an urgent environmental problem, since this waste of alcohol production has a short shelf life. There are methods for processing bards that can be divided into two groups: methods using biotechnology and methods based on physicochemical methods. There are many research projects that focus on the production of biofuels and fodder product from stillage. The most common method for processing post-alcohol stillage in the Central Black Earth Economic Region is drying. We have proposed a method for the integrated processing of post-alcohol stillage of distiller’s grains, which includes drying the distiller’s grains, aerobic microbiological processing to obtain a protein feed product and the production of hop-vinous fermentation. Getting sourdough is the first proposed method for recycling bards. For drying, it is proposed to use 30% of the stillage of the enterprises of the Central Black Earth Economic Region, to produce protein feed product 50%, and for hop-burgundy starter culture 20%. The method of complex processing expands the use of post-alcohol distillery stillage, and the production of hop-burgundy sourdough allows to increase the assortment of functional food products.
Use of binary agrocenoses to increase the stability of agroeco-systems and obtain environmentally friendly products
Authors: Stekolnikova N V , Voloshina E V , Zhitin Yu I
Published: January 2020

Modern agriculture is characterized by the fact that the increase in agricultural production is focused on the widespread use of intensive soil cultivation and high pesticidal load, which is accompanied by pollution of ecosystems and deterioration of product quality. The solution to this urgent problem is possible only on the base of a comprehensive ecologization of land use processes. The objects of research are winter wheat Bezenchukskaya 380, potato Impala, hairy vetch (wheat) Glinkovskaya, segetal vegetation, straw of winter wheat, biomass of hairy vetch. Sowing hairy vetch into winter wheat agrocenosis was carried out in spring at the same time as top dressing of grain crops (ammonium nitrate 30 kg/ha active substance) with a seeding rate of 15 kg/ha. After harvesting the monoculture, straw was added into the soil together with the green mass of the vetch. The introduction of hairy vetch into the agrocenosis had a negative effect on the development of segetal plants and ensured an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 19.3-21.2%. The advantage of plowing straw with hairy vetch biomass compared with the introduction of straw into the soil along with fertilizer mineral nitrogen was found to be 8.9-12.6% faster for decomposing linen, 5.7% for mobile phosphorus and 6.3% for exchange potassium. The highest potato yields were formed with the use of green mass of vetch and straw of 20.9 t/ha, which exceeded the variant with straw together with mineral fertilizers by 23.7%.
Creation of new polymer composite bioplastics to produce disposable tableware based on starch
Authors: Pavlovskay N E , Gorkova I V , Gagarina I N , Gavrilova A Y
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the creation of new polymer-starch compositions based on starch extracted from nongraded wheat grains, hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp and polyethylene glycol. The main points of agricultural waste disposal are discussed with the aim of obtaining products with new properties, safe for the environment and biodegradable. Prototypes have a uniform distribution of particles in the matrix, provide enough tensile strength and elongation under tension. A study on the selection of the mass ratio of the components revealed the optimal concentration of the components. The temperature of exposure to the composition to obtain biodegradable material is 105 ° C. It was shown that the tensile strength of samples of the polymer composition decreases with an increase in the rotational speed of the screw to 150 min-1 and a temperature above 1300C. Speed below 110 min-1 lead to an increase in strength. The obtained experimental material opens prospects for further research with respect to improving the properties of these biocomposites based on starch and sugar beet pulp by modifying starch and searching for compositions with starch, using reinforcements (both organic and inorganic) and processing conditions.
Results of the changes in the physicochemical properties and fractional group composition of the humus-leached chernozem under the influence of fertilizers and ameliorant
Authors: Gasanova E S , Kozhokina A N , Myazin N G , Stekolnikov K E
Published: January 2020

Currently, in the Russian Federation there is a tendency towards a decrease in the content of organic substance in the soil and its acidification. It is impossible to stop these processes without applying organic fertilizers and calcium containing ameliorants. Their effect on the soil properties depends on the edaphoclimatic conditions. In order to study the effect of fertilizers and ameliorants on the fertility of leached chernozem in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Black Earth zone of the Voronezh region in 2018 – field experiments were conducted. The results showed that prolonged application of mineral fertilizers led to the acidification of the soil both against the background of exposure to organic substances and liming. Reliming calcification of the leached chernozem contributed to a noticeable decrease in soil acidity (pHKCl increased by 0.7-1.0, Hr decreased by 2.1-2.9 mg-Eq/100 g of soil, the content of exchange forms of calcium and magnesium increased to 26.2-26.9 mg-Eq/100 g of soil). Some optimization of the acidity of the soil was also observed even with the reapplication of manure. The calcification of the soil led to the optimization of its fractional-group composition of humus.
Prospects and opportunities for the introduction of digital technologies into aquaculture governance system
Authors: Gorbunova A V , Kostin V E , Pashkevich I L , Rybanov A A , Savchits A V , Silaev A A , Silaeva E Yu , Judaev Yu V
Published: January 2020

It is possible to increase the efficiency of pond farms by introducing new digital technologies into the technological processes of fish cultivation. Recirculating aquaculture systems serve a positive example of high technology applications in aquaculture. Automated control of all processes in pond fish farming starting from pond preparation for stocking of fish to placement and production of commercial fish will significantly increase the efficiency of fish farming by 70-80% thus increasing the overall profit by 20-30%. For properly organized feeding of fish it is necessary to take into account many factors, such as: fish-holding density, temperature of water and air, content of oxygen dissolved in water, ph-level of water and feed intake. The system of complex automation of any production enterprise shall be implemented taking into account the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution – Industry 4.0. The main unit of the system is an automated floating feeder with autonomous power supply from solar panels. The design and functional features of the feeder will determine the functionality of the entire automation system: automatic feeding, monitoring of water and environmental parameters, deoxidation of the water basin, supplementary feeding with insects, frightening of fish-eating birds. The innovative approach proposed by the authors is that if the pond is equipped with several floating feeders it is necessary to connect them to each other in a single information system, which functions through wireless radio communication. The assessment of the potential of the proposed modernization of a middle pond made it possible to increase the profit by 1.5 million rubles.
Influence of IR laser doping method on surface emitter with phosphosilicate glass for solar cells
Authors: Moussi A , Djelloul A , Meziani S , Bendimrad K , Benharrat L , Chaouchi S , Bourai K , Noukaz A
Published: January 2020

Laser-assisted diffusion of phosphorus dopants has been investigated to realize selective emitters on mc-Si wafers. In this paper, we studied, in the presence of PSG, the effect of laser speed and power doping parameters on the sheet resistance RSq variation as a function of selective emitter formation. Four point-probe (FPP) measurements showed that 5.5–10 W with speed 100–1500 mm s−1 are, respectively, the best power values to form a selective emitter with 20–40 Ω/□ typical values. Electrochemical Capacitance-Voltage (ECV) results showed that dopant concentration and junction depth increased with decreasing scan speed, resulting in lower sheet resistances. Thus, the greater the difference between the concentration of starting phosphorus and that created by laser treatment, the smaller the square RSq will be. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated more pronounced patterns of laser ablation when the power is high and/or the scanning speed is low.
Lamellar shape lead tungstate (PbWO4) nanostructures as synergistic catalyst for peroxidase mimetic activity
Authors: Shad Naveed Akhtar , Sajid Muhammad Munir , Javed Yasir , Ikram Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad Irfan , Nawaz Somia , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Hussain Syed Zajif , Amin Nasir , Yousuf Imran
Published: January 2020

Tungstate based nanomaterials have emerged as important class in transition metal oxide. In this study, Lead tungstate (PbWO4) nanostructures with lamellar morphology were prepared by hydrothermal method. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, DLS, BET and PL. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements indicated that the surface area of the synthesized lamellar morphology was ∼86.225 m2 g−1. The lamellar-like morphology showed enhanced peroxidase-like activity owing to the large surface area, higher substrate interaction and efficient electron transportation. The results indicated higher reaction velocity (Vmax = 13.56 × 10−8 M s−1) and low Michaelis-Menten constant (km = 0.325 mM) value for nanostructures, providing evidence for higher affinity of novel structures towards the substrate and increased peroxidase-like activity. Finally, biocompatibility test was conducted by performing cytotoxicity experiments of PbWO4 nanostructures on MTT assays.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of tool life between plasma enhanced CVD and PVD multilayer nanocoated cutting tools
Authors: Calaph Y Carlin , Subramanian K Manikanda , Stalin P Michael Joseph , Sadanandam N
Published: January 2020

Tool life of the traditional cutting tools is comparatively lesser on machining the martensitic stainless steel AISI 416 which is one of the hardest materials. In order to increase the tool life, wear-resistant nanocoatings on the cutting tools have been explored. This study enunciates a comparison of tool life between PECVD (plasma-enhanced CVD multilayer nanocoated) and PVDMNC (PVD multilayer nanocoated) cutting tools on turning a martensitic stainless steel AISI 416 by experimental and theoretical investigations in addition to exploration of the machinability studies of cutting tool flank wear, tool hardness and surface roughness of work material. An orthogonal design, signal-to-noise ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) methods were employed to confirm the parameters like cutting speed, tool hardness and feed rate that are involved in the study to estimate the cutting tool- life. The investigations confirmed that cutting speed was the most dominant factor in determining tool life while comparing with other parameters. It was observed from the ANOVA results that the cutting speed, tool hardness, and feed rate have contributed 41.44%, 33.79%, and 24.35% respectively in determining the tool life of PECVD cutting tools whereas the contributions of the same parameters were found to be 40.01%, 32.90%, and 26.63% respectively for PVDMNC cutting tool. It is evident from the results that the cutting performance of the PECVD cutting tool is superior in terms of cutting speed and hardness which were enhanced by 1.43% and 0.89% respectively in addition to lesser wear rate when compared to the performance of PVDMNC cutting tools.
Grand challenges in the design and manufacture of vascular self-healing
Authors: Qamar Isabel P S , Sottos Nancy R , Trask Richard S
Published: January 2020

This perspective details the grand challenges of designing and manufacturing multifunctional materials to impart autonomous property recovery. The susceptibility of advanced engineering composites to brittle fracture has led to the emergence of self-healing materials. This functionality has been demonstrated in bulk polymers and fibre-reinforced composites; most recently through the addition of vascular networks into the host material. These network systems enable the healing agents to be transported over long distances and provide a means by which both the resin and hardener can be replenished, thus overcoming the inherent limitations of capsule-based systems. To date, vascule fabrication methods include machining, fugitive scaffold processes, a lost-wax process and the vaporisation of sacrificial components, but recent developments in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have paved the way for more efficient, bio-inspired vascular designs (VDs) to be realised. This perspective reviews the current progress in vascular self-healing and discusses how AM technologies and new design methods can be exploited in order to fabricate networks that are optimised for fluid transport and structural efficiency. The perspective culminates in the discussion of eight grand challenges across three thematic areas: ‘VD’, ‘Healing Chemistry’ and ‘AM’, that are likely to have major breakthroughs and socio/economic impact as these technologies are developed further in the next 10–15 years.
Binary graphene-based cathode structure for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Fang Ruopian , Zhao Shiyong , Chen Ke , Wang Da-Wei , Li Feng
Published: January 2020

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are highly appealing for the next-generation of energy storage because of their high energy density and low-cost features. However, the practical implementation of Li-S batteries has been hindered by fast performance degradation of the sulfur cathode, especially at a high cathode loading. Here, we propose a strategic design of binary graphene foam (BGF) as the cathode scaffold, with the incorporation of nitrogen-doped graphene and highly porous graphene. The nitrogen-doped graphene provides chemical adsorption sites for migrating polysulfides, and the highly porous graphene could increase the cathode conductivity and accelerate lithium ion transport. The freestanding foam-like cathode structure further offers a robust, interconnected, conductive framework to promote the redox reaction even at a high cathode loading. Therefore, the Li-S battery with the S/BGF electrode exhibits a high specific areal capacity over 10 mAh cm–2 and good cycling stability over 300 cycles. This approach offers insights into multifunctional electrode structure design, with targeted functions for high-performance Li-S batteries.
Nine-Year Ethanol Intake Trajectories and Their Association With 15-Year Cognitive Decline Among Black and White Adults
Authors: Love Shelly-Ann M , North Kari E , Zeng Donglin , Petruski-Ivleva Natalia , Kucharska-Newton Anna , Palta Priya , Graff Mariaelisa , Loehr Laura , Jones Sarah B , Heiss Gerardo
Published: January 2020

Faster rates of age-related cognitive decline might result in early onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. The relationship between ethanol intake and cognitive decline, although studied extensively, remains poorly understood. Previous studies used single measurements of ethanol, and few were conducted in diverse populations. We assessed the association of 9-year trajectories of ethanol intake (1987–1998) with 15-year rate of decline in cognitive performance from mid- to late life (1996–2013) among 2,169 Black and 8,707 White participants of the US Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study using multivariable linear regression models. We hypothesized that stable, low to moderate drinking would be associated with lesser 15-year cognitive decline, and stable, heavy drinking with greater 15-year cognitive decline. Stable, low to moderate drinking (for Blacks, adjusted mean difference (MD) = 0.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.13, 0.19); for Whites, adjusted MD = 0.02 (95% CI: −0.05, 0.08)) and stable, heavy drinking (for Blacks, adjusted MD = 0.08 (95% CI: −0.34, 0.50); for Whites, adjusted MD = −0.03 (95% CI: −0.18, 0.11)) in midlife compared with stable never-drinking were not associated with 15-year decline in general cognitive function from mid- to late life. No association was observed for the stable former and “mostly” drinking trajectories with 15-year cognitive decline. Stable low, low to moderate, and stable heavy drinking in midlife are not associated with lesser and greater cognitive decline, respectively, from mid- to late life among Black and White adults.
Correlation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey With Psychiatric Screening Tools
Authors: Spataro Emily A , Kandathil Cherian K , Saltychev Mikhail , Olds Cristen E , Most Sam P
Published: January 2020

Background

Identifying mental health disorders, including body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), is important prior to rhinoplasty surgery; however, these disorders are underdiagnosed, and screening tools are underutilized in clinical settings.

Objectives

The authors sought to evaluate the correlation of a rhinoplasty outcomes tool (Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey [SCHNOS]) with psychiatric screening tools.

Methods

Patients presenting for rhinoplasty consultation were prospectively enrolled and administered mental health instruments to assess depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and BDD (BDD Questionnaire-Aesthetic Surgery [BDDQ-AS]) as well as the SCHNOS rhinoplasty outcomes scale. Convergent validity of SCHNOS scores with these mental health instruments was assessed as well as calculation of an optimal SCHNOS-C score to screen for BDD.

Results

A total 76 patients were enrolled in the study. The average SCHNOS-O score (standard deviation) was 46.1 (34.0) and the average SCHNOS-C score was 61.1 (27.0). Five (7%) patients screened positive for depression, and 24 (32%) patients screened positive for mild, 5 (7%) for moderate, and 4 (5%) for severe anxiety. Twenty-four (32%) patients screened positive for BDD by BDDQ-AS scores. SCHNOS-O and SCHNOS-C did not correlate with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores; SCHNOS-C did correlate with BDDQ-AS. A score of 73 or greater on SCHNOS-C maximized the sensitivity and specificity of also screening positive for BDD with BDDQ-AS. This score correlated with a sensitivity of 62.5%, specificity of 80.8%, and number needed to diagnose of 2.3, meaning for every 2 patients with a score of ≥73 on SCHNOS-C, 1 will have a positive BDDQ-AS score.

Conclusions

SCHNOS-C correlates with BDDQ-AS and may help screen rhinoplasty patients at higher risk for BDD.

Level of Evidence: 2
The Protein Imager: a full-featured online molecular viewer interface with server-side HQ-rendering capabilities
Authors: Tomasello Gianluca , Armenia Ilaria , Molla Gianluca
Published: January 2020

Molecular viewers’ long learning curve is hindering researchers in approaching the field of structural biology for the first time. Herein, we present ‘The Protein Imager’, a lightweight, powerful and easy-to-use interface as a next-gen online molecular viewer. Furthermore, the interface is linked to an automated server-side rendering system able to generate publication-quality molecular illustrations. The Protein Imager interface has been designed for easy usage for beginners and experts in the field alike. The interface allows the preparation of very complex molecular views maintaining a high level of responsiveness even on mobile devices.

Availability and implementation

The Protein Imager interface is freely available online at https://3dproteinimaging.com/protein-imager.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nearest-neighbor Projected-Distance Regression (NPDR) for detecting network interactions with adjustments for multiple tests and confounding
Authors: Le Trang T , Dawkins Bryan A , McKinney Brett A
Published: January 2020

Machine learning feature selection methods are needed to detect complex interaction-network effects in complicated modeling scenarios in high-dimensional data, such as GWAS, gene expression, eQTL and structural/functional neuroimage studies for case–control or continuous outcomes. In addition, many machine learning methods have limited ability to address the issues of controlling false discoveries and adjusting for covariates. To address these challenges, we develop a new feature selection technique called Nearest-neighbor Projected-Distance Regression (NPDR) that calculates the importance of each predictor using generalized linear model regression of distances between nearest-neighbor pairs projected onto the predictor dimension. NPDR captures the underlying interaction structure of data using nearest-neighbors in high dimensions, handles both dichotomous and continuous outcomes and predictor data types, statistically corrects for covariates, and permits statistical inference and penalized regression. We use realistic simulations with interactions and other effects to show that NPDR has better precision-recall than standard Relief-based feature selection and random forest importance, with the additional benefit of covariate adjustment and multiple testing correction. Using RNA-Seq data from a study of major depressive disorder (MDD), we show that NPDR with covariate adjustment removes spurious associations due to confounding. We apply NPDR to eQTL data to identify potentially interacting variants that regulate transcripts associated with MDD and demonstrate NPDR’s utility for GWAS and continuous outcomes.

Availability and implementation

Available at: https://insilico.github.io/npdr/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
RiboFlow, RiboR and RiboPy: an ecosystem for analyzing ribosome profiling data at read length resolution
Authors: Ozadam Hakan , Geng Michael , Cenik Can
Published: January 2020

Ribosome occupancy measurements enable protein abundance estimation and infer mechanisms of translation. Recent studies have revealed that sequence read lengths in ribosome profiling data are highly variable and carry critical information. Consequently, data analyses require the computation and storage of multiple metrics for a wide range of ribosome footprint lengths. We developed a software ecosystem including a new efficient binary file format named ‘ribo’. Ribo files store all essential data grouped by ribosome footprint lengths. Users can assemble ribo files using our RiboFlow pipeline that processes raw ribosomal profiling sequencing data. RiboFlow is highly portable and customizable across a large number of computational environments with built-in capabilities for parallelization. We also developed interfaces for writing and reading ribo files in the R (RiboR) and Python (RiboPy) environments. Using RiboR and RiboPy, users can efficiently access ribosome profiling quality control metrics, generate essential plots and carry out analyses. Altogether, these components create a software ecosystem for researchers to study translation through ribosome profiling.

Availability and implementation

For a quickstart, please see https://ribosomeprofiling.github.io. Source code, installation instructions and links to documentation are available on GitHub: https://github.com/ribosomeprofiling.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.