bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototypical π–π dimers re-examined by means of high-level CCSDT(Q) composite ab initio methods
Authors: Karton Amir , Martin Jan M. L.
Published: March 2021

The benzene–ethene and parallel-displaced (PD) benzene–benzene dimers are the most fundamental systems involving π–π stacking interactions. Several high-level ab initio investigations calculated the binding energies of these dimers using the coupled-cluster with singles, doubles, and quasi-perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] method at the complete basis set [CBS] limit using various approaches such as reduced virtual orbital spaces and/or MP2-based basis set corrections. Here, we obtain CCSDT(Q) binding energies using a Weizmann-3-type approach. In particular, we extrapolate the self-consistent field (SCF), CCSD, and (T) components using large heavy-atom augmented Gaussian basis sets [namely, SCF/jul-cc-pV{5,6}Z, CCSD/jul-cc-pV{Q,5}Z, and (T)/jul-cc-pV{T,Q}Z]. We consider post-CCSD(T) contributions up to CCSDT(Q), inner-shell, scalar-relativistic, and Born–Oppenheimer corrections. Overall, our best relativistic, all-electron CCSDT(Q) binding energies are ∆Ee,all,rel = 1.234 (benzene–ethene) and 2.550 (benzene–benzene PD), ∆H0 = 0.949 (benzene–ethene) and 2.310 (benzene–benzene PD), and ∆H298 = 0.130 (benzene–ethene) and 1.461 (benzene–benzene PD) kcal mol−1. Important conclusions are reached regarding the basis set convergence of the SCF, CCSD, (T), and post-CCSD(T) components. Explicitly correlated calculations are used as a sanity check on the conventional binding energies. Overall, post-CCSD(T) contributions are destabilizing by 0.028 (benzene–ethene) and 0.058 (benzene–benzene) kcal mol−1, and thus, they cannot be neglected if sub-chemical accuracy is sought (i.e., errors below 0.1 kcal mol−1). CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pwCVTZ core–valence corrections increase the binding energies by 0.018 (benzene–ethene) and 0.027 (benzene–benzene PD) kcal mol−1. Scalar-relativistic and diagonal Born–Oppenheimer corrections are negligibly small. We use our best CCSDT(Q) binding energies to evaluate the performance of MP2-based, CCSD-based, and lower-cost composite ab initio procedures for obtaining these challenging π–π stacking binding energies.
Neural network for 3D inertial confinement fusion shell reconstruction from single radiographs
Authors: Wolfe Bradley T. , Han Zhizhong , Ben-Benjamin Jonathan S. , Kline John L. , Montgomery David S. , Merritt Elizabeth C. , Keiter Paul A. , Loomis Eric , Patterson Brian M. , Kuettner Lindsey , Wang Zhehui
Published: March 2021

In inertial confinement fusion (ICF), x-ray radiography is a critical diagnostic for measuring implosion dynamics, which contain rich three-dimensional (3D) information. Traditional methods for reconstructing 3D volumes from 2D radiographs, such as filtered backprojection, require radiographs from at least two different angles or lines of sight (LOS). In ICF experiments, the space for diagnostics is limited, and cameras that can operate on fast timescales are expensive to implement, limiting the number of projections that can be acquired. To improve the imaging quality as a result of this limitation, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently been shown to be capable of producing 3D models from visible light images or medical x-ray images rendered by volumetric computed tomography. We propose a CNN to reconstruct 3D ICF spherical shells from single radiographs. We also examine the sensitivity of the 3D reconstruction to different illumination models using preprocessing techniques such as pseudo-flatfielding. To resolve the issue of the lack of 3D supervision, we show that training the CNN utilizing synthetic radiographs produced by known simulation methods allows for reconstruction of experimental data as long as the experimental data are similar to the synthetic data. We also show that the CNN allows for 3D reconstruction of shells that possess low mode asymmetries. Further comparisons of the 3D reconstructions with direct multiple LOS measurements are justified.
Photoconductive gain in single crystal diamond detectors
Authors: Grünwald Theodor , Schreck Matthias
Published: March 2021

Diamond crystals equipped with two metal electrodes can be operated as solid state ionization chambers for the detection of energetic radiation. Under irradiation with single α particles, the generated free electrons and holes are collected with a maximum efficiency close to 100%. When the same detectors are used for dosimetry in high intensity and high energy photon or particle beams, photoconductive gain G with values up to ≈106 is frequently observed as described in the literature. In this work, we studied theoretically the irradiation induced conductivity of perfect diamond single crystals with ohmic contacts containing nitrogen and boron with concentrations NN and NB, respectively, as only chemical impurities. Based on four rate equations, two considering the charge states of N and B and two the concentrations of free carriers n and p, and, additionally, the neutrality condition, we could derive analytical solutions for the gain G as a function of impurity concentrations, crystal thickness, and excitation density. It turned out that G varies systematically with the compensation ratio R=(NN−NB)/NB over five orders of magnitude. For R≈103, the gain G is close to unity. With decreasing R, the gain increases ∝1/R until saturation is reached for R≪1 and G≈104–105. Our theoretical data yield plausible explanations for the major trends that have been found experimentally in previous studies. They provide a valuable guideline for the future synthesis of diamond crystals to be used for manufacturing UV and radiation detectors.
Compensation mechanism of carriers within weakly coupled quantum wells
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Zhao Yunhao , Cai Chenyuan , Shang Jinming , Wu Yuyang , Zhang Yu , Xu Yingqiang , Liang Chongyun , Niu Zhichuan , Shi Yi , Che Renchao
Published: March 2021

The study of coupling effect (CE) within low-dimensional quantum structures is essential not only for the comprehensive understanding of quantum transport but also for improving the performances of photoelectric devices. Recently, electronically weakly coupled quantum well (QW) structures pave the way for low threshold lasing, but the related coupling mechanism has not been clarified yet. Here, we report the direct experimental evidence of compensation mechanism in the carrier migration process within weakly coupled double QWs (DQWs). It is proved that the leakage rate of charges could be modulated within the two InGaSb QWs of the DQW structure owing to CE. Compared to the single QW configuration, the dissipation of carriers from the QWs within the DQW structure is alleviated under an external field. Further, radiative recombination efficiency for the DQW structure could be enhanced to obtain a lower threshold power. Thus, it may be deduced that the carrier compensation effect between QWs profoundly impacts the multiple-QW laser performance.
Comparing treatment strategies to reduce antibiotic resistance in an in vitro epidemiological setting
Authors: Angst Daniel C. , Tepekule Burcu , Sun Lei , Bogos Balázs , Bonhoeffer Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Significance

Antibiotic combination therapy is a promising strategy to combat the rising problem of resistance. However, developing such strategies is hindered by the lack of an experimental system that allows testing of strategies in a realistic epidemiological context. We present an approach to test the effects of different treatment strategies in vitro in order to narrow the gap between computational and clinical studies. Using a laboratory automation system, we approximate the epidemiological population dynamics expected in a hospital setting using experimentally evolving bacterial populations. We show that as long as there is no influx of double resistance into the system, combination therapy outperforms all other tested strategies, even at concentrations lower than those used for monotherapy.
Routes to cubic ice through heterogeneous nucleation
Authors: Davies Michael Benedict , Fitzner Martin , Michaelides Angelos
Published: March 2021

Significance

Under typical conditions on Earth, ice exhibits two distinct polytypes: hexagonal and cubic. Yet, despite its importance to nature (e.g., the atmosphere) and technology (e.g., cryopreservation), the crystallization of liquid water to cubic ice has never been achieved in the laboratory. Here, we show how to design substrates to nucleate desired polytypes of ice, including the elusive cubic ice, and show that the process is controlled by the structure of the water in contact with the substrate. By unraveling the interplay of heterogeneous nucleation and polymorphism, we reveal a pathway to cubic ice vital to myriad phenomena and open ways to understand and control polymorphism and stacking disorder in materials in general.
Metaphoric proverbs in EFL learners’ translation
Authors: Belkhir Sadia
Published: March 2021

Metaphoric proverbs represent interesting cultural instances of conventional metaphors (Belkhir 2014,2012). The ubiquity of metaphoric proverbs in language and the problems this phenomenon causes in translation is an issue that requires close attention. Translation aims at providing semantic equivalence between two languages. According toVinay and Darbelnet (1995), equivalence constitutes the adequate method that should be used by translators when dealing with proverbs. However, no translator can provide perfect translation of a source text due to cultural specificities. The present paper offers a modest report of an experimental study conducted with a group of EFL students who have been taught translation as a subject in a higher education context (Mouloud Mammeri University). A set of English proverbs has been collected to build up the experiment that was administered to the subjects who were asked to translate them into Arabic, then into their first language, Kabyle. The question raised is whether these students are able to translate the proverbs appropriately. The study aims (1) to investigate translation strategies used by EFL learners; and (2) to show how learners’ L1 (Kabyle) and L2 (Arabic) interfere in the translation of English proverbs. The results showed that the more the students were acquainted with proverbs, the more they used equivalence in their translation. Similarly, the lesser they were acquainted with proverbs, the more they used literal translation or paraphrase. In addition, some translations provided by the participants revealed the presence of language interference.
PPARγ is essential for the development of bone marrow erythroblastic island macrophages and splenic red pulp macrophages
Authors: Okreglicka Katarzyna , Iten Irina , Pohlmeier Lea , Onder Lucas , Feng Qian , Kurrer Michael , Ludewig Burkhard , Nielsen Peter , Schneider Christoph , Kopf Manfred
Published: March 2021

Tissue-resident macrophages play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Macrophage progenitors migrate to tissues perinatally, where environmental cues shape their identity and unique functions. Here, we show that the absence of PPARγ affects neonatal development and VCAM-1 expression of splenic iron-recycling red pulp macrophages (RPMs) and bone marrow erythroblastic island macrophages (EIMs). Transcriptome analysis of the few remaining Pparg-deficient RPM-like and EIM-like cells suggests that PPARγ is required for RPM and EIM identity, cell cycling, migration, and localization, but not function in mature RPMs. Notably, Spi-C, another transcription factor implicated in RPM development, was not essential for neonatal expansion of RPMs, even though the transcriptome of Spic-deficient RPMs was strongly affected and indicated a loss of identity. Similarities shared by Pparg- and Spic-deficient RPM-like cells allowed us to identify pathways that rely on both factors. PPARγ and Spi-C collaborate in inducing transcriptional changes, including VCAM-1 and integrin αD expression, which could be required for progenitor retention in the tissue, allowing access to niche-related signals that finalize differentiation.
Two-Dimensional Quantum Walk with Non-Hermitian Skin Effects
Authors: Li Tianyu , Zhang Yong-Sheng , Yi Wei
Published: March 2021

We construct a two-dimensional, discrete-time quantum walk, exhibiting non-Hermitian skin effects under open-boundary conditions. As a confirmation of the non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence, we show that the emergence of topological edge states is consistent with the Floquet winding number, calculated using a non-Bloch band theory, invoking time-dependent generalized Brillouin zones. Further, the non-Bloch topological invariants associated with quasienergy bands are captured by a non-Hermitian local Chern marker in real space, defined via the local biorthogonal eigenwave functions of a non-unitary Floquet operator. Our work aims to stimulate further studies of non-Hermitian Floquet topological phases where skin effects play a key role.
Ehrenfest Time at the Transition from Integrable Motion to Chaotic Motion
Authors: Zhao Chuan , Wu Biao
Published: March 2021

Ehrenfest time depends differently on the Planck constant in integrable motion and chaotic motion. We study how its dependence on the Planck constant changes when there is a continuous transition from regular motion to chaotic motion. We find that the dependence is a weighted compromise between its two distinct dependences in regular and chaotic motions. The study is carried out with the system of periodically driven anharmonic oscillator. As the system is quite typical, the result may apply generally.
Observation of Ferroelastic and Ferroelectric Domains in AgNbO3 Single Crystal
Authors: Zhao Wei , Fu Zhengqian , Deng Jianming , Li Song , Han Yifeng , Li Man-Rong , Wang Xueyun , Hong Jiawang
Published: March 2021

Compared to AgNbO3 based ceramics, the experimental investigations on the single crystalline AgNbO3, especially the ground state and ferroic domain structures, are not on the same level. Here, based on successfully synthesized AgNbO3 single crystal using a flux method, we observed the coexistence of ferroelastic and ferroelectric domain structures by a combination study of polarized light microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy. This finding may provide a new aspect for studying AgNbO3. The result also suggests a weak electromechanical response from the ferroelectric phase of AgNbO3, which is also supported by the transmission electron microscope characterization. Our results reveal that the AgNbO3 single crystal is in a polar ferroelectric phase at room temperature, clarifying its ground state which is controversial from the AgNbO3 ceramic materials.
A Linear Frequency Principle Model to Understand the Absence of Overfitting in Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Yaoyu , Luo Tao , Ma Zheng , Xu Zhi-Qin John
Published: March 2021

Why heavily parameterized neural networks (NNs) do not overfit the data is an important long standing open question. We propose a phenomenological model of the NN training to explain this non-overfitting puzzle. Our linear frequency principle (LFP) model accounts for a key dynamical feature of NNs: they learn low frequencies first, irrespective of microscopic details. Theory based on our LFP model shows that low frequency dominance of target functions is the key condition for the non-overfitting of NNs and is verified by experiments. Furthermore, through an ideal two-layer NN, we unravel how detailed microscopic NN training dynamics statistically gives rise to an LFP model with quantitative prediction power.
Deformation of loops in 2D packing of flexible rods
Authors: Sobral T A , de Holanda V H , Leal F C B , Saraiva T T
Published: March 2021

The injection of a long flexible rod into a two-dimensional domain yields a complex pattern commonly studied through the elasticity theory, packing analysis, and fractal geometries. ‘Loop’ is a one-vertex entity that naturally formed in this system. The role of the elastic features of each loop in 2D packing has not yet been discussed. In this work, we point out how the shape of a given loop in the complex structure allows estimating local deformations and forces. First, we build sets of symmetric free loops and perform compression experiments. Then, tight packing configurations are analyzed using image processing. We find that the dimensions of the loops, confined or not, obey the same dependence on the deformation. The results are consistent with a simple model based on 2D elastic theory for filaments, where the rod adopts the shape of Euler’s elasticas between its contact points. The force and the stored energy are obtained from numerical integration of the analytic expressions. In an additional experiment, we obtain that the compression force for deformed loops corroborates the theoretical findings. The importance of the shape of the loop is discussed and we hope that the theoretical curves may allow statistical considerations in future investigations.
Dynamic length metrology (DLM) for accurate dimensional measurements in a production environment by continuous determination and compensation of thermal expansion effects in turning steel
Authors: De Chiffre Leonardo , González-Madruga Daniel , Sonne Mads Rostgaard , Costa Giuseppe Dalla , Hattel Jesper Henri , Hansen Hans Nørgaard
Published: March 2021

This work concerns the accurate dimensional measurement of metal parts directly in a production environment. Applying an approach with the simultaneous measurement of part dimension and temperature over time (dynamically) followed by modeling of the thermo-mechanical effects, the corrected length at 20 °C and its measurement uncertainty can be predicted. This paper describes a test campaign where the local diameter of a 40 mm cylindrical steel workpiece cooling down from an initial surface temperature after turning of 27 °C to an ambient temperature of 21 °C was predicted after 10 min with a systematic error of 0.5 µm and an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 0.9 µm.
Anomalous edge response of cadmium telluride-based photon counting detectors jointly caused by high-flux radiation and inter-pixel communication
Authors: Ji Xu , Treb Kevin , Li Ke
Published: March 2021

This work reports an edge enhancing effect experimentally observed in cadmium telluride (CdTe)-based photon counting detector (PCD) systems operated under the charge summing (CS) mode and irradiated by high-flux x-rays. Experimental measurements of the edge spread functions (ESFs) of a PCD system (100 μm pixel size, 88 ns deadtime) were performed at different input flux levels from 4.5 × 105 count per second (cps) mm−2 to 1.5 × 109 cps mm−2 for the single pixel mode (SP) and the CS mode. A theoretical model that incorporates the impacts of inter-pixel communications and the arbitration process involved in the CS mode was developed to help explain the physical origin of the observed edge enhancing effect. Compared with the monotonically increasing ESF of the SP mode, the ESF of the CS mode measured at high-flux levels shows a peak at an intermediate location (50 μm from the edge). The peak became more pronounced with increasing flux levels. The theoretically calculated ESFs agreed well with experimental results with relative errors less than 5% at all flux levels and tested. These results indicate that the anomalous edge enhancing effect is jointly caused by the pileup effect and the CS circuit that introduces negative correlations between adjacent pixels. When the input flux is high enough to deliver photons to multiple adjacent pixels within the same deadtime period, the CS mode may treat the coincident x-rays as shared charges and thus introduce count losses in addition to the well-known pileup count loss. When a high contrast object partially blocks certain pixels from x-rays, the adjacent unblocked pixels have an increased probability of registering counts as a result of the negative correlation. This leads to a peak on the ESF at a pixel-to-edge distance half of the pixel pitch.
Electron capture in stars
Authors: Langanke K , Martínez-Pinedo G , Zegers R G T
Published: March 2021

Electron capture on nuclei plays an essential role in the dynamics of several astrophysical objects, including core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae, the crust of accreting neutron stars in binary systems and the final core evolution of intermediate-mass stars. In these astrophysical objects, the capture occurs at finite temperatures and densities, at which the electrons form a degenerate relativistic electron gas. The capture rates can be derived from perturbation theory, where allowed nuclear transitions [Gamow–Teller (GT) transitions] dominate, except at the higher temperatures achieved in core-collapse supernovae, where forbidden transitions also contribute significantly to the capture rates. There has been decisive progress in recent years in measuring GT strength distributions using novel experimental techniques based on charge-exchange reactions. These measurements not only provide data for the GT distributions of ground states for many relevant nuclei, but also serve as valuable constraints for nuclear models which are needed to derive the capture rates for the many nuclei for which no data yet exist. In particular, models are needed to evaluate stellar capture rates at finite temperatures, where capture can also occur on nuclei in thermally excited states. There has also been significant progress in recent years in the modeling of stellar capture rates. This has been made possible by advances in nuclear many-body models as well as in computer soft- and hardware. Specifically, to derive reliable capture rates for core-collapse supernovae, a dedicated strategy has been developed based on a hierarchy of nuclear models specifically adapted to the abundant nuclei and astrophysical conditions present under various collapse conditions. In particular, for the challenging conditions where the electron chemical potential and the nuclear Q values are of the same order, large-scale shell-model diagonalization calculations have proved to be an appropriate tool to derive stellar capture rates, often validated by experimental data. Such situations are relevant in the early stage of the core collapse of massive stars, for the nucleosynthesis of thermonuclear supernovae, and for the final evolution of the cores of intermediate-mass stars involving nuclei in the mass range A ∼ 20–65. This manuscript reviews the experimental and theoretical progress recently achieved in deriving stellar electron capture rates. It also discusses the impact these improved rates have on our understanding of the various astrophysical objects.
Identifying heterogeneous diffusion states in the cytoplasm by a hidden Markov model
Authors: Janczura Joanna , Balcerek Michał , Burnecki Krzysztof , Sabri Adal , Weiss Matthias , Krapf Diego
Published: March 2021

Diffusion of nanoparticles in the cytoplasm of live cells has frequently been reported to exhibit an anomalous and even heterogeneous character, i.e. particles seem to switch gears during their journey. Here we show by means of a hidden Markov model that individual trajectories of quantum dots in the cytoplasm of living cultured cells feature a dichotomous switching between two distinct mobility states with an overall subdiffusive mode of motion of the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) type. Using the extracted features of experimental trajectories as input for simulations of different variants of a two-state FBM model, we show that the trajectory-intrinsic and the ensemble-wise heterogeneity in the experimental data is mostly due to variations in the (local) transport coefficients, with only minor contributions due to locally varying anomaly exponents. Altogether, our approach shows that diffusion heterogeneities can be faithfully extracted and quantified from fairly short trajectories obtained by single-particle tracking in highly complex media.
Need assesment and design of e-modules to stimulate HOTS on dynamic fluid materials with the STEM approach
Authors: Sari Sestika , Suyatna Agus , Viyanti
Published: March 2021

Learning resources are very important in learning physics, then, the purpose of this study is to develop e modules with the STEM approach to stimulate students’ HOTS on Dynamic Fluid. The research method used is the research and development (R&D) with ADDIE models which have five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The first two stages of this article will be reported analysis and design stage. The instrument used was a product needs analysis questionnaire and the practitioner validation sheet using a Likert scale. The data needs analysis phase was sourced from high school level students and physics teachers in Lampung province. The validators of product design are professional physics teachers with the Masters in Physics Education qualifications. Google form as a media for data collection is then analyzed using descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the E-Module to stimulate HOTS on dynamic fluid material was highly needed. E-module that have the potential to stimulate HOTS in dynamic fluid material consist of seven learning activity that contain the STEM component. In conclusion, E-Module based on STEM dynamic fluid material has the potential to simulate students’ HOTS.
Character education-based digital physics comic on newton’s law: Students and teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Fitri Megawati Ridwan , Latifah Sri , Saregar Antomi , Anugrah Adyt , Susilowati Nur Endah
Published: March 2021

Character education is important in learning. The 2013 curriculum also promotes character education in the learning process. Therefore, character education is very important to be conveyed in the learning process. This study aimed to analyze the needs of teachers and students related to digital comic learning media based on character education on Newton’s Law of Motion material. This research was qualitative descriptive research. The research sample was 66 eighth-grade students of junior high school. The research instrument was a questionnaire assisted by Google Form distributed to students and teachers. The results of student questionnaires showed that 75.75% of students had never used character education-based digital comics and 60.6% of students needed character education-based digital comics in learning. Based on the results of the needs analysis, character education-based digital comic learning media are needed in learning physics in junior high schools.
The needs analysis for the development of electronic learning module (e-module) based on local wisdom information search in senior high schools’ physics online learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sani D M , Sukarmin  , Suharno
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 outbreak is a new global problem in 2020 which has a significant impact on education, one of which is the change in learning methods because all activities are using online learning right now. This causes the teacher to provide appropriate learning media in assessing student competence following national learning objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the needs of teachers in developing learning media in the form of electronic modules (e-modules) based on local wisdom with the type of information search to empower students’ critical thinking skills and character values in online learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research is descriptive research. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. Research subjects were 20 physics teachers from several Senior High Schools in Soloraya (Surakarta City and surrounding areas). The results showed that 95% of teachers needed an e-module media development based on local wisdom type information search to empower critical thinking skills and student character values during the situations of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mathematical connection profile of high school students with converger learning style
Authors: Itasari K , Pramudya I , Slamet I
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the mathematical connection profile of high school students with converger learning styles in solving mathematics problems. This research is an exploratory descriptive study. The research subjects were first-grade students of SMA N Mojogedang with converger learning style. Data collection methods used questionnaires, tests, and interviews. Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The analysis technique was performed through the triangulation of time and technique. The results show that the low mathematical connection ability was due to a lack of in-depth understanding of mathematical concepts. Students did not practice the concepts in trigonometry and other mathematics material so when they were given problems they could only understand the problems without being able to find solutions appropriately. The student profile with a converger learning style could generally understand non-routine and routine questions but students were unable to understand concepts on the mathematical topic itself and concepts in other mathematical topics.
The application of response surface method in producing water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) through hydroponics technique with iron-electrode electrolyzed water
Authors: Sugiharta Iip , Sari Desi Indah , Febriyani Valentina , Man Youlanda L. , Rinaldi Achi , Suri Fraulein Intan
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the influence of Electrolyzed water on the growth of water spinach viewed from the dry weight, plant height, number of leaves, and stem circumferences factors. This research had been conducted using a hydroponic technique with iron-electrode electrolysis water as the treatment. The method used was regression analysis, both linear and quadratic. The optimizations of the treatments were seen using the surface response method. The results showed a significant effect on the length of electrolysis duration on dry weight, the number of leaves, plant height, and stem circumference. The most significant models were the model with the explanatory variables of electrolysis duration and the number of leaves. This result indicated the addition of Electrolyzed water with an iron diode increased the number of leaves’ stomata which affected the dry weight.
Analysis of increasing creative thinking skills in the use of local materials in project qualitative biochemical analysis practicum
Authors: Sari D. K. , Wancik K. A. , Sufiana J. M. , Haryani M. E.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze creative thinking skills in the use of local materials as reagents in qualitative biochemical practices. The use of local material reagents can improve students’ creative thinking skills. This research method is quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test group design. The research instrument consisted of pre-test and post-test questions using tests of creative thinking skills in the form of descriptions and student questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program and the percentage of student responses to the practicum was carried out. The results showed that the average claim score of the experimental group was 59.95 and the post-test score was 80.00 with N_Gain 0.50 in the moderate category. In the control group the average pretest score was 38.70 and the posttest score was 44.80 with the lowest category N_Gain 0.09. Further analysis was carried out on each indicator of creative thinking skills which reached 23.16% fluency, 40.28% flexibility, 17.50% originality and 19.06% elaboration. It can be concluded that the use of local materials as reagents in the project-based qualitative biochemical analysis laboratory can improve students’ creative thinking skills, especially in terms of originality and elaboration.
Organic fertilizer of coffee peel with PUMAKKAL starter formula for sustainable plantation cultivation
Authors: Yenani Eva , Santoso Handoko , Sutanto Agus , Muhfahroyin
Published: March 2021

Coffee is a strategic commodity that generates promising foreign exchange, where Lampung is the main coffee production centre which continues to increase its production, and more than 80% of it is smallholder coffee. Between 40% and 55% of coffee, production is coffee husk waste, which has not been optimally utilized. Previous research showed that pineapple liquid waste indigen bacteria (Pumakkal) were able to increase acidity and decompose waste organic matter, and the final result was a suitable fertilizer for plant cultivation. This research will solve the problem of coffee husk waste used as compost by utilizing a starter from the previously tested pineapple liquid waste bacteria (Pumakkal). The research was conducted with the first stage of making coffee skin compost with a starter formula of KA (3 bacteria), KB (6 bacteria), KC (9 bacteria), KD (12 bacteria) and KE (15 bacteria), the second stage was to test the quality of the coffee husk compost organic fertilizer followed by a pilot plan application using the best formula. The application uses spinach and chilli plants. The result shows that KC is a model the most appropriate coffee skin compost starter formula.
Improving student cognitive learning outcomes through the development of interactive multimedia-based biology learning at Muhammadiyah University, Bengkulu
Authors: Topano A , Asiyah  , Basinun  , Walid A , Alimi  , Febrini D
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to improve student cognitive learning outcomes through the development of interactive multimedia-based biology learning at Muhammadiyah Bengkulu University. This research was conducted in April – September 2019. This research is a 4-D (four-D) model development research. The instruments used in this study were a media validation questionnaire, a media practicality questionnaire, a cognitive ability test. Based on the results of data analysis obtained from the results of media validation, it was stated that the media developed was valid by the validator with a mean score of 78.88% and the media practicality questionnaire results were also stated to be very practical with an average score of 86.28% while for student cognitive learning outcomes are normally distributed and homogeneous, where the data obtained during the pre-test for small classes the average score is 70.00% and for the post-test score is 81.78%, while at the time of large class trials the pre-test score was 46.18% and the post-test score was 83.00%. From these data, it shows that there is a significant difference in the average value between the acquisition of pre-test and post-test scores both during small class trials and large class trials. Where the average score of student scores has increased after using interactive multimedia-based learning media (post-test). So that this learning media is very effective to use as learning materials to improve student cognitive learning outcomes.
Pumakkal compost formula for degrading shrimp pond sediment (As a learning source of Biology subject)
Authors: Ariyani Euis , Sutanto Agus , Sujarwanta Agus , Widowati Hening , Achyani
Published: March 2021

Research used completely randomized design (CRD) 5 treatments of C3 (3 bacteria), C6 (6 bacteria), C9 (9 bacteria), C12 (12 bacteria) and C15 (15 bacteria) 5 replications. Compost quality is measured activated carbon, Nitrogen (N), C / N ratio, levels of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K). A total of 30 samples weighing 300 g each after 30 days of fermentation was analyzed in the Chemistry Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The results showed that the five treatments were significantly different. Pumakkal Pineapple Liquid Waste Bioremediator is able to degrade shrimp pond sediments into Shrimp pond sediment compost (KSTU), from the parameters of organic carbon, C / N ratio, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the degree of acidity (pH). The most effective treatment is Konsorsia C15 (15 isolates) with the best average yield. Treatment of C15 consortia (15 bacteria) obtained 25% C-organic yield, for a C/N ratio of 24; Nitrogen (N) 3.4%, Pospor 2.3%, from Potassium 2.1%, Calcium (Ca) content 20%and pH 7.2
The profile of 8thgraders’ level of statistical thinking: A case of analyzing and interpreting data
Authors: Meylasari N D , Sujadi I , Subanti S
Published: March 2021

This research aims to describe the profile of the level of statistical thinking of 8thgraders of junior high school in the case of analyzing and interpreting data related to statistical problems. Using the statistical thinking framework by Mooney. The ability to think statistically is not only needed when students learn, but is needed when someone makes decisions. This is a qualitative research with the subjects of two eighth graders of SMP Walisongo 1 Semarang with the high initial abilities which can be seen from the subject behaviour in solving problems provided when the data were collected using Think Aloud method. The research findings showed that subjects with high initial abilities had the characteristics of statistical thinking at the 3rdlevel: Quantitative since the subjects were more effective and complete in presenting their ideas, and used quantitative information in solving statistical problems. The 3rdlevel: Quantitative showed that subjects provide several correct and appropriate responses to the data provided, subjects make a comparison of the several data, but they cannot compare the data as a whole, and subjects can only make correct conclusions based on the problem provided, even though the subject have not been able to make an overall conclusion.
SQ3R method assisted by ethnomathematics-oriented student worksheet: The impact of mathematical concepts understanding
Authors: Suherman  , Rahmadani Nanda Ayu , Vidákovich Tibor , Mujib  , Fitria Nike , Sari Putri Nur Islam , Addarojat Muhammad Rofi’uddin , Priadi Maskur
Published: March 2021

This study was aimed to determine the impact of the SQ3R method assisted by ethnomathematics-oriented student worksheets on students’ ability to understand mathematical concepts which compared with the SQ3R method without ethnomathematics-oriented student worksheets. The research method used was quasi-experimental research. The SQ3R method assisted by an ethnomathematics-oriented student worksheet was implemented in the experimental class while the control class was treated by the SQ3R learning method. The design of this study was the pretest-posttest control group design to see the effectiveness of the SQ3R method assisted by ethnomathematics-oriented student worksheets. A cluster random sampling technique was used to determine the sample of the study. The data collection technique employed in this study was an essay test to measure the students’ ability to understand mathematical concepts. The results showed that the SQ3R method assisted by ethnomathematics-oriented student worksheet was more effective toward students’ mathematical concepts understanding compared to the SQ3R learning method. The application of learning provided better results in increasing students’ ability to understand mathematical concepts.
Characteristic testing (performance) of CaSO4: Dy thermoluminescent ring dosimeter according to the ISO 12794:2000
Authors: Maula Evita Muthia’tul , Noor Johan , Bunawas
Published: March 2021

CaSO4: Dy thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) disc known as TLD-900 is widely used for personal dosimetry purposes. An optimum response dosimeter procedure can be determined from its characteristics. The equivalent dose limitation for hands and feet or skin Hp (0.07) of 500 mSv/year. Therefore, we need a device to measure the radiation dose to optimize the safety of radiation workers so do not exceed the limit detection. The research objective is to produce accurate dosimeters by testing the characteristics of personal dosimeters according to ISO 12794: 2000. Tests of 129 dosimeters were tested with dosage variations of 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mSv in the 90Sr beta, gamma 137Cs, and x-ray voltage 20-100 kV in Secondary Standard Dosimeter Laboratory (SSDL). The results of tests obtained the dosimeter’s dependence on angle variations is relatively small and has a high energy dependency. Obtaining a dosimeter limit for the detection of extremities for beta and photon radiation less than 1 mSv with the lowest sensitivity being at 80 keV of 24 µSv. The dosimeter response to extremity is good, evidenced by the reading values within the trumpet curve range set by the IAEA and EURADOS.
The classification of the level of land degradation as the flood cause in some sub-watersheds at Pesawaran Regency, Lampung
Authors: Nugraheni Irma Lusi , Suyatna Agus , Setiawan Agus , Abdurrahman
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution and classification of land degradation levels in several sub-watersheds in the Pesawaran Regency. This research employed the survey and non-experimental approaches. The research was conducted in four sub-watersheds of Pesawaran Regency, namely Way Semah, Way Punduh, Way Ratai, and Bulok. Topographic, land-use changes, soil type, and rainfall were the parameters used to assess the degradation of sub-watersheds. The land analysis unit was the unit of interpretation and mapping. The results showed that the dominant factors causing land degradation were changes in land use for settlements and agriculture. The sub-watersheds with the highest degradation was Way Ratai.
Adiwiyata school in Indonesia: A correlation between eco-literacy, environmental awareness, and academic ability with environmental problem-solving skill
Authors: Sigit Diana Vivanti , Prastiwi Lenny , Ristanto Rizhal Hendi , Rifan Muhamad
Published: March 2021

Environmental problem-solving skill is defined as a person’s skill to find solutions to the differences between the current environment and the expected environment. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between ecological literacy, environmental awareness, and academic ability with environmental problem-solving skills. The research method used was descriptive quantitative with survey techniques. The respondents consisted of 245 students of grade 11th science from 3 Adiwiyatas’ Senior High Schools in Tangerang City. The study used descriptive quantitative methods with survey techniques. The research instrument used in this study were tests and questionnaires. The Pearson Product Moment correlation formula tested the research hypothesis at α = 0.05. The results showed a strong enough positive relationship between ecological literacy, environmental awareness, and academic ability with environmental problem-solving skills with a correlation coefficient of 0.462. Based on these results, it can be concluded that an increase will follow the higher the score of ecological literacy, environmental awareness, and academic ability in the score of the environmental problem-solving skill. Other schools are also expected to implement the Adiwiyata program so that students can develop ecological literacy, environmental awareness, academic ability, and environmental problem-solving skills.
Karst and conservation research in Indonesia and its implication to education
Authors: Sulistiyowati E , Setiadi  , Haryono E
Published: March 2021

Indonesia hosts a vast area of karst landscapes that expand from the island of Sumatra to Papua. Along with the implementation of the World Heritage List and Global Geopark Network, karst environment has become essential topics in Indonesia. By using SCOPUS and Google Scholar database, this paper examined trends of karst research in Indonesia. The result showed that karst related publications have shown to be increasing from 1994 to 2010, and grow more massively after 2010. Also, the publications can be classified into 1) conservation and biodiversity, 2) geophysical studies of karst, 3) environment and resource management, 4) forestry and agriculture, 5) archaeology and prehistoric life, 6) socio-cultural and education aspects. A wide gap occurred in research about conservation strategies at a more comprehensive and integrated scale, such as in a landscape, that takes a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach at achieving sustainability. In terms of environmental education, the use of karst as a natural laboratory remained limited in subjects. Yet, it had excellent potential to be developed as a model for a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach to environmental studies, to achieve the goal of Education of Sustainable Development (ESD).
The influence of connecting, organizing, reflecting, and extending (CORE) learning model toward metacognitive abilities viewed from students’ information literacy in physics learning
Authors: Diani Rahma , Susanti Agus , Lestari Neneng , Yuberti  , Saputri Melisa , Fujiani Dwi
Published: March 2021

The term metacognitive behavior describes the habits of students in solving problems which refers to how well they organize their learning systems. This study tried to apply a learning model that can improve metacognitive abilities classified based on students’ information literacy. The research method used was a 2 x 2 factorial quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. The simple random sampling technique was used as the sampling technique. The experimental class consisted of 30 students taken from class XI MIA 8 while the control class consisted of 30 students taken from class XI MIA 6. The research instrument was a test in the form of essay questions to measure students’ metacognitive abilities. Information literacy questionnaires and observation sheets were employed to see the implementation of the CORE model. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it was found that there were differences between high information literacy in the CORE learning model and high information literacy in the PBL learning model, there were differences between the low information literacy in the CORE learning model and the low information literacy in the PBL learning model, there were differences between the high information literacy in the CORE learning model and the low information literacy in the CORE learning model, there were differences between the high information literacy in the PBL learning model and the low information literacy in the PBL learning model, and there was no interaction between the CORE learning model and information literacy on metacognitive abilities.
Auditory intellectually repetition learning model and trade a problem learning model on row and series algebraic material: The influences on numerical skills
Authors: Syazali Muhamad , Iqoh Ulfa , Mufty Vistania Febiola , Rahmawati Yasinta
Published: March 2021

Mathematics learning is dealing with numerical skills. One way to improve numerical skills is to use appropriate learning models. This study aimed to determine the influence of the Auditory Intellectually Repetition learning model and the Trade A Problem learning model on numerical skills on row and series of algebra. This research was a quasi-experimental research. Hypothesis testing employed a t-test with a significance level of 5%. The test results revealed that the Auditory Intellectually Repetition learning model and the Trade A Problem provided different influences. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Auditory Intellectually Repetition learning model had a better influence on increasing numerical skills in row and series compared to the Trade A Problem learning model.
Increase Motivation of Student in Vocational High School Using Unity of Sciences-Based Chemistry Books
Authors: Wibowo Teguh , Ningrum Lis Setiyo , Lathifa Ulya , Fibonacci Anita , Zammi Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the increasing student motivation using chemistry books based on the unity of sciences. This study used pre-experimental design methods by one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects in this study was the class of X-TKR students of SMK Ma’arif NU 1 Semarang. Techniques of data collection used the questionnaire to know the motivation of student. The technique to analysis data descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (paired sample t-test and N-gain). The results showed that there the unity of sciences bassed chemistry books can increase motivation of students. The mean score of students’ motivation of experiment group was better than the control group, each with a value 3.64 and 2.91, tcount20.106 and ttable2.021 (tcount> ttable= 20.106 > 2.021) and N-gain score 0.64.