bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging of CD47 Expression in Xenograft and Allograft Tumor Models
Authors: Zheleznyak Alexander , Ikotun Oluwatayo F. , Dimitry Julie , Frazier William A. , Lapi Suzanne E.
Published: March 2018

CD47 functions as a marker of “self” by inhibiting phagocytosis of autologous cells. CD47 has been shown to be overexpressed by various tumor types as a means of escaping the antitumor immune response. The goal of this research was to investigate the utility of CD47 imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) in both human xenograft and murine allograft tumor models. Anti-CD47 antibodies were conjugated with p-isothiocyanatobenzyldesferrioxamine (Df-Bz-NCS) and labeled with 89Zr. We employed xenograft and allograft small-animal models of cancer in biodistribution and PET imaging studies to investigate the specificity and PET imaging robustness of CD47. Ab-Df-Bz-NCS conjugates were labeled with 89Zr with specific activity of 0.9 to 1.6 μCi/μg. Biodistribution studies in the xenograft and allograft model showed similar specific tumor uptake of the antihuman and antimouse CD47 antibodies. However, the tracer retention in the liver, spleen, and kidneys was significantly higher in the allograft-bearing animals, suggesting uptake mediated by the CD47 normally expressed throughout the reticular endothelial system. CD47, a marker of “self,” was evaluated as a diagnostic PET biomarker in xenograft and allograft cancer animal models. CD47 imaging is feasible, warranting further studies and immunoPET tracer development.
Evaluation of Positron Emission Tomographic Tracers for Imaging of Papillomavirus-Induced Tumors in Rabbits
Authors: Probst Sonja , Wiehr Stefan , Mantlik Frederic , Schmidt Holger , Kolb Armin , Münch Peter , Delcuratolo Maria , Stubenrauch Frank , Pichler Bernd J. , Iftner Thomas
Published: March 2018

In this study, simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was employed to evaluate the feasibility of the PET tracers 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG), 11C-choline, and 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) to detect papillomavirus-induced tumors in an established rabbit model system. The combined PET/MR allowed the analysis of tracer uptake of the tumors using the morphologic information acquired by MR. New Zealand White rabbits were infected with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus genomes and were imaged for up to 10 months with a simultaneous PET/MR system during the course of infection. The uptake characteristics of the PET tracers 11C-choline and 18F-FLT of tumors and reference tissues were examined relative to the clinical standard, 18F-FDG. Tracer biodistribution of various organs was measured by gamma-counting after the last PET scan and compared to the in vivo PET/MR 18F-FDG uptake. Increased tracer uptake was found 2 months postinfection in primary tumors with 18F-FDG and 11C-choline, whereas 18F-FLT failed to detect the tumors at all measured time points. Our data show that the PET tracer 18F-FDG is superior for imaging papillomavirus-induced tumors in rabbits compared to 11C-choline and 18F-FLT. However, 11C-choline imaging, which has previously been applied to detect various tumor entities in patients, appears to be an alternative to 18F-FDG.
In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Cathepsin and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Discriminates between Arthritic and Osteoarthritic Processes in Mice
Authors: Vermeij Eline A. , Koenders Marije I. , Blom Arjen B. , Arntz Onno J. , Bennink Miranda B. , van den Berg Wim B. , van Lent Peter L.E.M. , van de Loo Fons A.J.
Published: March 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are serologically and clinically distinctive, but at the local level, both diseases have many molecular pathways in common. In vivo molecular imaging can unravel the local pathologic processes involved in both diseases. In this study, we investigated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and cathepsin activity during cartilage destruction, in an RA and an OA mouse model, using biophotonic imaging of substrate-based probes. Mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) or destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) were imaged using near-infrared fluorescent probes, activated by several cathepsins or MMPs. Fluorescence signal intensity was compared to synovial gene expression, histology, and cartilage staining of a neoepitope of aggrecan cleaved by MMPs with the amino acids DIPEN. Increased cathepsin and MMP activity was seen during CIA, whereas the DMM model only showed increased MMP activity. DIPEN expression was seen only during CIA. A possible explanation can be differences in gene expressions; MMP3 and -13, known to produce DIPEN neoepitopes, were upregulated in the CIA model, whereas MMP12, known to be involved in elastin degradation and chemokine inhibition, was upregulated in the DMM model. Thus, molecular imaging showed no cathepsin activity at the time of cartilage damage in the DMM model, whereas both cathepsins and MMPs are active in the CIA model during disease progression.
In Vivo Mapping of Vascular Inflammation Using the Translocator Protein Tracer 18F-FEDAA1106
Authors: Cuhlmann Simon , Gsell Willy , Van der Heiden Kim , Habib Josef , Tremoleda Jordi L. , Khalil Magdy , Turkheimer Federico , Meens Merlijn J. , Kwak Brenda R. , Bird Joseph , Davenport Anthony P. , Clark John , Haskard Dorian , Krams Rob , Jones Hazel , Evans Paul C.
Published: March 2018

Noninvasive imaging methods are required to monitor the inflammatory content of atherosclerotic plaques. FEDAA1106 (N-(5-fluoro- 2-phenoxyphenyl)- N-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)-5-methoxybenzyl) acetamide) is a selective ligand for TSPO-18kDa (also known as peripheral benzodiazepine receptor), which is expressed by activated macrophages. We compared 18F-FEDAA1106 and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D- glucose (18F-FDG, a marker of glucose metabolism) for positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging of vascular inflammation. This was tested using a murine model in which focal inflammation was induced in the carotid artery via placement of a constrictive cuff. Immunostaining revealed CD68-positive cells (macrophages) at a disturbed flow site located downstream from the cuff. Dynamic PET imaging using 18F-FEDAA1106 or 18F-FDG was registered to anatomic data generated by computed tomographic (CT)/CT angiography. Standardized uptake values were significantly increased at cuffed compared to contralateral arteries using either 18F-FEDAA1106 ( p < .01) or FDG ( p < .05). However, the 18F-FEDAA1106 signal was significantly higher at the inflamed disturbed flow region compared to the noninflamed uniform flow regions, whereas differences in FDG uptake were less distinct. We conclude that 18F-FEDAA1106 can be used in vivo for detection of vascular inflammation. Moreover, the signal pattern of 18F-FEDAA1106 corresponded with vascular inflammation more specifically than FDG uptake.
First Human Use of a Radiopharmaceutical Prepared by Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Radiofluorination: Proof of Concept with the Tau Imaging Agent [18F]T807
Authors: Liang Steven H. , Yokell Daniel L. , Normandin Marc D. , Rice Peter A. , Jackson Raul N. , Shoup Timothy M. , Brady Thomas J. , Fakhri Georges El , Collier Thomas L. , Vasdev Neil
Published: March 2018

Despite extensive preclinical imaging with radiotracers developed by continuous-flow microfluidics, a positron emission tomographic (PET) radiopharmaceutical has not been reported for human imaging studies by this technology. The goal of this study was to validate the synthesis of the tau radiopharmaceutical 7-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole ([18F]T807) and perform first-in-human PET scanning enabled by microfluidic flow chemistry. [18F]T807 was synthesized by our modified one-step method and adapted to suit a commercial microfluidic flow chemistry module. For this proof of concept, the flow system was integrated to a GE Tracerlab FXFN unit for high-performance liquid chromatography purification and formulation. Three consecutive productions of [18F]T807 were conducted to validate this radiopharmaceutical. Uncorrected radiochemical yields of 17 ± 1% of crude [18F]T807 (≈ 500 mCi, radiochemical purity 95%) were obtained from the microfluidic device. The crude material was then purified, and > 100 mCi of the final product was obtained in an overall uncorrected radiochemical yield of 5 ± 1% ( n = 3), relative to starting [18F]fluoride (end of bombardment), with high radiochemical purity (≥ 99%) and high specific activities (6 Ci/μmol) in 100 minutes. A clinical research study was carried out with [18F]T807, representing the first reported human imaging study with a radiopharmaceutical prepared by this technology.
Cabozantinib Resolves Bone Scans in Tumor-Naïve Mice Harboring Skeletal Injuries
Authors: Doran Michael G. , Spratt Daniel E. , Wongvipat John , Ulmert David , Carver Brett S. , Sawyers Charles L. , Evans Michael J.
Published: March 2018

The receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (XL184, BMS-907351 Cometriq) has displayed impressive clinical activity against several indications, culminating in its recent approval for medullary thyroid cancer. Among malignancies with tropism for the bone (prostate, breast), one striking feature of early clinical reports about this drug has been the rapid and complete resolution of bone scans, a phenomenon almost never observed even among therapies already shown to confer survival benefit. In castration-resistant prostate cancer, not all conventional response indicators change as dramatically posttreatment, raising the possibility that cabozantinib may impair the ability of bone-seeking radionuclides to integrate within the remodeling bone. To test this hypothesis, we surgically induced bone remodeling via physical insult in non–tumor-bearing mice and performed 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomographic (PET) and technetium 99m–methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) scans pre- and posttreatment with cabozantinib and related inhibitors. A consistent reduction in the accumulation of either radiotracer at the site of bone remodeling was observed in animals treated with cabozantinib. Given that cabozantinib is known to inhibit several receptor tyrosine kinases, we drugged animals with various permutations of more selective inhibitors to attempt to refine the molecular basis of bone scan resolution. Neither the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor axitinib, the MET inhibitor crizotinib, nor the combination was capable of inhibiting 18F-NaF accumulation at known bioactive doses. In summary, although the mechanism by which cabozantinib suppresses radionuclide incorporation into foci undergoing bone remodeling remains unknown, that this phenomenon occurs in tumor-naïve models indicates that caution should be exercised in interpreting the clinical significance of this event.
A Modified Simplified Reference Tissue Model for the Quantification of Dopamine D2/3 Receptors with [18F]Fallypride Images
Authors: Tsartsalis Stergios , Moulin-Sallanon Marcelle , Dumas Noé , Tournier Benjamin B. , Ginovart Nathalie , Millet Philippe
Published: March 2018

Defluorination of [18F]fallypride and accumulation of 18F in skull and glands leads to the contamination of brain structures with spillover activity due to partial volume effects, leading to considerable errors in binding potential estimations. Here we propose a modification of the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) to take into account the contribution of skull activity to the radioactivity kinetic pattern in cerebellum and target regions. It consists of the introduction of an additional parameter for each volume of interest (sT) and one for the cerebellum (sR), corresponding to the fraction of skull activity contaminating these structures. Using five rat positron emission tomography experiments, we applied the modified SRTM (SRTMc), which resulted in excellent fits. As a relative means of comparison of results, we applied factor analysis (FA) to decompose dynamic data into images corresponding to brain and skull activity. With the skull factor images, we estimated the “true” sT and sR values, ultimately permitting us to fix the sR value. Parameters obtained with the SRTMc were closely correlated with values obtained from FA-corrected data. In conclusion, we propose an efficient method for reliable quantification of dopamine D2/3 receptors with single-injection [18F]fallypride scans that is potentially applicable to human studies where 18F skull accumulation compromises binding parameter estimation.
In Vivo Imaging of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Regulation in a Subcutaneous and Orthotopic GL261 Glioma Tumor Model Using a Reporter Gene Assay
Authors: Bürgi Sandra , Seuwen Aline , Keist Ruth , vom Berg Johannes , Grandjean Joanes , Rudin Markus
Published: March 2018

Intratumoral hypoxia changes the metabolism of gliomas, leading to a more aggressive phenotype with increased resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Hypoxia triggers a signaling cascade with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as a key regulator. We monitored activation of the HIF pathway longitudinally in murine glioma tumors. GL261 cells, stably transfected with a luciferase reporter driven under the control of a promoter comprising the HIF target gene motive hypoxia response element, were implanted either subcutaneously or orthotopically. In vivo experiments were carried out using bioluminescence imaging. Tumors were subsequently analyzed using immunofluorescence staining for hypoxia, endothelial cells, tumor perfusion, and glucose transporter expression. Transient upregulation of the HIF signaling was observed in both subcutaneous and orthotopic gliomas. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed hypoxic regions in subcutaneous and, to a lesser extent, intracranial tumors. Subcutaneous tumors showed substantial necrosis, which might contribute to the decreased bioluminescence output observed toward the end of the experiment. Orthotopic tumors were less hypoxic than subcutaneous ones and did not develop extensive necrotic areas. Although this may be the result of the overall smaller size of orthotopic tumors, it might also reflect differences in the local environment, such as the better intrinsic vascularization of brain tissue compared to the subcutaneous tissue compartment.
Magnetic Resonance Tracking of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Labeled with Alkyl-Polyethylenimine 2 kDa/Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide in a Mouse Lung Carcinoma Xenograft Model
Authors: Chen Cong , Yu Hong , Xia Rui , Wang Lei , Ai Hua , Liu Shiyuan , Xu Zhiming , Xiao Xiangsheng , Gao Fabao
Published: March 2018

The potential of using endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in novel anticancer therapy and the repair of vascular injury has been increasingly recognized. In the present study, EPCs were labeled with N-alkyl-polyethylenimine 2 kDa (PEI2k)-stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) to facilitate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of EPCs in a mouse lung carcinoma xenograft model. EPCs derived from human peripheral blood were labeled with alkyl-PEI2k/SPIO. The viability and activity of labeled cells were evaluated using proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis assays. Alkyl-PEI2k/SPIO-labeled EPCs were injected intravenously (group 1) or mixed and injected together with A549 cells subcutaneously (group 2) into groups of six mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. The labeling efficiency with alkyl-PEI2k/SPIO at 7 mg Fe/mL concentration was approximately 100%. Quantitative analysis of cellular iron was 6.062 ± 0.050 pg/cell. No significant effects on EPC proliferation, migration, or tubulogenesis were seen after labeling. Seventesla micro-MRI showed the presence of schistic or linear hypointense regions at the tumor margins starting from days 7 to 8 after EPC administration. This gradually extended into the inner tumor layers in group 1. In group 2, tumor growth was accompanied by dispersion of low-signal intensity regions inside the tumor. Iron-positive cells identified by Prussian blue dye were seen at the sites identified using MRI. Human CD31-positive cells and mouse CD31-positive cells were present in both groups. Labeling EPCs with alkyl-PEI2k/SPIO allows noninvasive magnetic resonance investigation of EPC involvement in tumor neovasculature and is associated with excellent biocompatibility and MRI sensitivity.
Imaging Dopaminergic Dysfunction as a Surrogate Marker of Neuropathology in a Small-Animal Model of HIV
Authors: Lee Dianne E. , Reid William C. , Ibrahim Wael G. , Peterson Kristin L. , Lentz Margaret R. , Maric Dragan , Choyke Peter L. , Jagoda Elaine M. , Hammoud Dima A.
Published: March 2018

The dopaminergic system is especially vulnerable to the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, rendering dopaminergic deficits early surrogate markers of HIV-associated neuropathology. We quantified dopamine D2/3 receptors in young HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) ( n = 6) and age-matched control rats ( n = 7) and adult Tg ( n = 5) and age-matched control rats ( n = 5) using [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography (PET). Regional uptake was quantified as binding potential ( BPND) using the two-tissue reference model with the cerebellum as the reference. Time-activity curves were generated for the ventral striatum, dorsal striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. Whereas BPND values were significantly lower in the ventral striatum ( p < .001) and dorsal striatum ( p = .001) in the adult Tg rats compared to controls rats, they were significantly lower only in the dorsal striatum ( p < .05) in the young rats. Tg rats had smaller striatal volumes on magnetic resonance imaging. We also found lower expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase on immunohistochemistry in the Tg animals. Our findings suggest that progressive striatal D2/3 receptor deficits occur in Tg rats as they age and can be detected using small-animal PET imaging. The effectiveness of various approaches in preventing or halting this dopaminergic loss in the Tg rat can thus be measured preclinically using [18F]fallypride PET as a molecular imaging biomarker of HIV-associated neuropathology.
Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of CXCR4 in Cancer: Challenges and Promises
Authors: George Guillaume Pierre Charles , Pisaneschi Federica , Nguyen Quang-Dé , Aboagye Eric Ofori
Published: March 2018

Molecular imaging is an attractive platform for noninvasive detection and assessment of cancer. In recent years, the targeted imaging of the C–X–C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a chemokine receptor that has been associated with tumor metastasis, has become an area of intensive research. This review article focuses on positron emission tomography (PET) and aims to provide useful and critical insights into the application of PET to characterize CXCR4 expression, including the chemical, radiosynthetic, and biological requirements for PET radiotracers. This discussion is informed by a summary of the different approaches taken so far and a comparison of their clinical translation. Finally, our expert opinions as to potential future advances in the field are expressed.
Quantitative Correlation at the Molecular Level of Tumor Response to Docetaxel by Multimodal Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and [18F]FDG/[18F]FLT Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Honndorf Valerie S. , Schmidt Holger , Wehrl Hans F. , Wiehr Stefan , Ehrlichmann Walter , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Barjat Hervé , Ricketts Sally-Ann , Pichler Bernd J.
Published: March 2018

We aimed to quantitatively characterize the treatment effects of docetaxel in the HCT116 xenograft mouse model, applying diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) and 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]-fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT). Mice were imaged at four time points over 8 days. Docetaxel (15 mg/kg) was administered after a baseline scan. Voxel-wise scatterplots of PET and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data of tumor volumes were evaluated with a threshold cluster analysis and compared to histology (GLUT1, GLUT3, Ki67, activated caspase 3a). Compared to the extensive tumor growth observed in the vehicle-treated group (from 0.32 ± 0.21 cm3 to 0.69 ± 0.40 cm3), the administration of docetaxel led to tumor growth stasis (from 0.32 ± 0.20 cm3 to 0.45 ± 0.23 cm3). The [18F]FDG/ADC cluster analysis and the evaluation of peak histogram values revealed a significant treatment effect matching histology as opposed to [18F]FLT/ADC. [18F]FLT uptake and the Ki67 index were not in good agreement. Our voxel-based cluster analysis uncovered treatment effects not seen in the separate inspection of PET and MRI data and may be used as an independent analysis tool. [18F]FLT/ADC cluster analysis could still point out the treatment effect; however, [18F]FDG/ADC reflected the histology findings in higher agreement.
Influence of Respiratory Gating, Image Filtering, and Animal Positioning on High-Resolution Electrocardiography-Gated Murine Cardiac Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Wu Chao , Vaissier Pieter E.B. , Vastenhouw Brendan , de Jong Johan R. , Slart Riemer H.J.A. , Beekman Freek J.
Published: March 2018

Cardiac parameters obtained from single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images can be affected by respiratory motion, image filtering, and animal positioning. We investigated the influence of these factors on ultra-high-resolution murine myocardial perfusion SPECT. Five mice were injected with 99m technetium (99mTc)-tetrofosmin, and each was scanned in supine and prone positions in a U-SPECT-II scanner with respiratory and electrocardiographic (ECG) gating. ECG-gated SPECT images were created without applying respiratory motion correction or with two different respiratory motion correction strategies. The images were filtered with a range of three-dimensional gaussian kernels, after which end-diastolic volumes (EDVs), end-systolic volumes (ESVs), and left ventricular ejection fractions were calculated. No significant differences in the measured cardiac parameters were detected when any strategy to reduce or correct for respiratory motion was applied, whereas big differences (> 5%) in EDV and ESV were found with regard to different positioning of animals. A linear relationship ( p < .001) was found between the EDV or ESV and the kernel size of the gaussian filter. In short, respiratory gating did not significantly affect the cardiac parameters of mice obtained with ultra-high-resolution SPECT, whereas the position of the animals and the image filters should be the same in a comparative study with multiple scans to avoid systematic differences in measured cardiac parameters.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Sympathetic Nervous System and Perfusion in Normal and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts with Dynamic Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Zan Yunlong , Boutchko Rostyslav , Huang Qiu , Li Biao , Chen Kewei , Gullberg Grant T.
Published: March 2018

The objective of this work was to evaluate the sympathetic nervous system and structure remodeling during the progression of heart failure in a rodent model using dynamic cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model was used to study changes in the nervous system innervation and perfusion in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium with the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to heart failure. Longitudinal dynamic SPECT studies were performed with seven SHR and seven Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats over 1.5 years using a dual-head SPECT scanner with pinhole collimators. Time-activity curves (TACs) of the 123I-MIBG and 201Tl distribution in the LV blood pool and myocardium were extracted from dynamic SPECT data and fitted to compartment models to determine the influx rate, washout rate, and distribution volume (DV) of 123I-MIBG and 201Tl in the LV myocardium. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 123I-MIBG and 201Tl in the LV myocardium were also calculated from the static reconstructed images. The influx and washout rates of 123I-MIBG did not show a significant difference between SHRs and WKY rats. The DVs of 123I-MIBG were greater in the SHRs than in the WKY rats ( p = .0028). Specifically, the DV of 123I-MIBG became greater in the SHRs by 6 months of age ( p = .0017) and was still significant at the age of 22 months. The SUV of 123I-MIBG in SHRs exhibited abnormal values compared to WKY rats from the age of 18 months. There was no difference in the influx rate and the washout rate of 201Tl between the SHRs and WKY rats. The SHRs exhibited greater DV of 201Tl than WKY rats after the age of 18 months ( p = .034). The SUV of 201Tl in SHRs did not show any significant difference from WKY at all ages. The higher DV of 123I-MIBG in the LV myocardium reveals abnormal nervous system activity of the SHRs at an age of 6 months, whereas a greater DV of 201Tl in the LV myocardium can only be detected at an age of 18 months. The results show that the abnormal nervous system activity appears earlier than perfusion. Furthermore, the comparison between the DV and the SUV indicates that dynamic SPECT with 123I-MIBG and 201Tl with the kinetic parameter DV is capable of detecting abnormalities of the LV at an early age.
Biometabolic Distribution of 99mTc-3PRGD2 and its Potential Value in Monitoring Chemotherapeutic Effects
Authors: Wu Jian-Guo , Song Shao-Li , Zhou Xiang , Wang Fan , Zhu Yin-Yan , Xie Lei , Zhang Fan , Huang Gang
Published: March 2018

Previous studies have reported that 99mTc-3PRGD2 is an excellent tumor imaging agent that showed a good correlation with integrin αvβ3, a main factor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the biometabolic distribution characteristics of 99mTc-3PRGD2 with a continuous dynamic acquisition mode to explore the potential value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 in monitoring chemotherapeutic effects in VX2 tumor models. Eighteen rabbits with 27 implanted VX2 squamous cell tumors were randomly divided into a nontreated control group (NTG, n = 8; 12 tumors) and a treatment group (TG, n = 10; 15 tumors). 99mTc-3PRGD2 imaging was performed prior to cisplatin injection and repeated on days 0,1, 7, and 14 postinjection. Continuous dynamic scanning up to 30 minutes; static imaging at 0.5 hours, 1 hour, and 3 hours; and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT)-integrated imaging at 3 hours post-99mTc-3PRGD2 injection were performed. The peak time (time to reach peak in dynamic curve), tumor to normal (T/N) ratios, and their change rates relative to pretherapy were calculated. Autoradiography, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and CD31 and integrin αv immunohistochemical staining were examined. VX2 tumors were clearly visualized at 3 hours post-99mTc-3PRGD2 injection. Tumors in the TG shrank significantly on day 7 after cisplatin administration ( p < .05). The half-life (t1/2) of the radiotracer in heart, liver, and tumor in the NTG were 3.43 ± 0.94 minutes, 13.41 ± 9.17 minutes, and 70.83 ± 33.37 minutes, respectively. The peak time was delayed in the TG immediately and continuously after cisplatin administration compared to the peak time in the NTG. The T/N values and their change rates decreased significantly in the TG compared to the NTG after therapy ( p < .05). The immunostained areas were significantly decreased in the TG ( p < .05) compared to the NTG. 99mTc-3PRGD2 was an excellent imaging agent for demonstrating tumor angiogenesis. The peak time, T/N values, and their change rates were sensitive parameters to monitor early chemotherapeutic effects. Due to the specific target mechanism and the cost-effective value of 99mTc-3PRGD2, 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging may have potential in detecting the therapeutic effects of anticancer therapy.
Effect of Chlorhexidine Treatment Prior to Fiber Post Cementation on Long-Term Resin Cement Bond Strength
Authors: Durski M , Metz M , Crim G , Hass S , Mazur R , Vieira S
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of two different adhesive cements (total etch and self-adhesive) for glass fiber post (GFP) cementation in simulated, long-term service (thermocycling) when the root canal is treated with chlorhexidine before cementation. One hundred twenty premolar specimens with a single root canal were selected, endodontically treated, and shaped for GFP cementation (n=120). The specimens were randomly placed into one of 12 groups (10 specimens each) according to cement (T = total-etch RelyX ARC or S = self-adhesive RelyX Unicem), treatment with chlorhexidine (N or Y: without or with), and number of thermal cycles (00, 20, or 40: 0, or 20,000 or 40,000 cycles): 1. TN00, 2. TN20, 3. TN40, 4. TY00, 5. TY20, 6. TY40, 7. SN00, 8. SN20, 9. SN40, 10. SY00, 11. SY20, 12. SY40. The root of each specimen was cut perpendicular to the vertical axis, yielding six 1.0 mm-thick sections. A push-out bond strength test was performed followed by statistical analysis using a factorial analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons of significant factor interactions were adjusted using the Tukey test. Significant differences of push-out bond strengths were found in the four main effects (resin cement [p<0.0001], treatment with chlorhexidine [p<0.0001], number of cycles [p<0.0001], and root third [p<0.0001]) and all interactions (p<0.05 for all). Both resin cements produced higher bond strength in the cervical third followed by the middle third, and lower values were detected in the apical third. Additionally, the results suggest that the use of an additional disinfection treatment with chlorhexidine before the cement application produced the highest push-out bond strength regardless of root third. Further, the thermocycling simulation decreased the bond strength for both resin cements long-term when the chlorhexidine was not applied before cementation. However, when the root canal was treated with chlorhexidine and the fiber post was cemented with self-adhesive cement, the bond strength increased after 0, 20,000 and 40,000 cycles.
Security in Smart Healthcare System: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Jeyadurga P. , Juliet S. Ebenezer , Selwyn I. Joshua , Sivanisha P.
Published: March 2018

The Internet of things (IoT) is one of the emerging technologies that brought revolution in many application domains such as smart cities, smart retails, healthcare monitoring and so on. As the physical objects are connected via internet, security risk may arise. This paper analyses the existing technologies and protocols that are designed by different authors to ensure the secure communication over internet. It additionally focuses on the advancement in healthcare systems while deploying IoT services.
PERBANDINGAN RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) DENGAN SARI WORTEL DAN KONSENTRASI SUKROSA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHMALLOW WORTEL (Daucus carrota)
Authors: Hervelly Hervelly , Suliasih Neneng , Arum Suraloka Mahardika Puspa
Published: March 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel dan konsentrasi sukrosa terhadap karakteristik marshmallow wortel. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri atas dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan yaitu menentukan formula yang paling tepat pada pembuatan marshmallow wortel.  Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial 3x3 dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Rancangan perlakuan yang dilakukan terdiri dari dua faktor meliputi : perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel (A) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu a1 (1:0,5), a2 (1:1), a3 (1,5:1) dan konsentrasi sukrosa (B) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu b1 (25%), b2 (30%), b3 (35%). Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan formula 1 yang akan digunakan pada penelitian utama. Hasil penelitian utama menunjukkan perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel berpengaruh terhadap organoleptik dalam hal warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur, serta kadar air. Konsentrasi sukrosa berpengaruh terhadap organoleptik dalam hal warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur, serta kadar air dan kadar gula reduksi. Interaksi antara perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel dan konsentrasi sukrosa berpengaruh terhadap organoleptik dalam hal warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Berdasarkan respon organoleptik didapatkan produk terpilih yaitu a2b3 (perbandingan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan sari wortel 1:1 dan konsentrasi sukrosa 35%). Produk terpilih tersebut memiliki kadar air 26,99%, kadar gula reduksi 5,6%, kadar karotenoid 19,54 ppm, nilai uji warna (L* = 54,55 ; a* = 6,60 ; b* = 13,47), kadar vitamin C 0,85 mg/100 g, kadar serat kasar 2,6%, kadar kalsium 14,22 mg/100 g, nilai elastisitas (springiness) 0,614, nilai kekenyalan (chewiness) 2,0622 g.sec dan nilai organoleptik rata-rata suka.
Vínculos intertextuales entre los personajes de Pompeyo en Farsalia y de Héctor en Iliada: macroestructuras textuales y configuración de los perfiles heroicos
Authors: Trejo Malena
Published: March 2018

El tratamiento de los personajes de César y de Pompeyo en Farsalia presenta fisuras o inconsistencias que la literatura crítica ha intentado salvar mediante diversas construcciones de sentido. Entre estas diversas vías interpretativas destacan las que realizan lecturas intertextuales entre Farsalia e Ilíada, especialmente en relación al modo según el cual en una y otra obra opera el código heroico (Anderson, 1957; Hardie, 1993; Green, 1991).Es clásica en esta materia la propuesta de Von Albrecht (1970) centrada en la identificación de César con Aquiles y de Pompeyo con Agamenón. Nuestro trabajo retoma la comparación de César con Aquiles, pero refuta la existente entre Pompeyo y Agamenón, presentando para eso un paralelo con Héctor. Nuestra hipótesis permitiría arrojar nueva luz sobre la lectura global que Lucano realiza sobre las guerras civiles.
La profecía de Apolo en El rapto de Helena de Draconcio (Romul. 8)
Authors: Marrón Gabriela Andrea
Published: March 2018

En el apartado inicial de este trabajo a analizaremos la disputa entablada por Draconcio a partir de la apropiación y reinserción de ciertos sintagmas de Virgilio y de Estacio, orientados a establecer la naturaleza falaz y engañosa de la profecía de Apolo en El rapto de Helena. En la segunda parte, mostraremos que la caracterización despectiva de dicha divinidad en el poema se proyecta, a su vez, hacia el universo textual de la Eneida, proponiendo una lectura inscripta en la misma línea exegética desarrollada en África, un siglo antes, por Agustín de Hipona.
Woolf, R., Cicero. The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic, Londres-Nueva York, Routledge, 2015, 260 + vii pp, ISBN: 978-1-84465-840-4
Authors: Cairo María Emilia
Published: March 2018

Reseña: Woolf, R., Cicero. The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic, Londres-Nueva York, Routledge, 2015, 260 + vii pp, ISBN: 978-1-84465-840-4
ASOSIASI MAKROZOOBENTOS PADA PADANG LAMUN DI PANTAI MERTA SEGARA SANUR, BALI
Authors: Surya Indrawan Gede , Yusup Deny Suhernawan , Ulinuha Devi
Published: March 2018

Makrozoobentos merupakan salah satu komunitas organisme dasar perairan yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem lamun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui asosiasi makrozoobentos dengan kepadatan padang lamun dan tipe sedimen di Pantai Merta Segara. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Oktober-Desember 2013 pada waktu surut terendah.engambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode transek kuadrat yang terdiri dari 3 transek dan dibentangkan sepanjang 300 m dengan interval antar transek 50 m. Hasil penelitian diperoleh Indeks diversitas (H’) 4,7 dan Indeks keseragaman (E) 0,85, mengindikasikan bahwa kawasan tersebut tergolong stabil. Jumlah jenis ditemukan 47 jenis dalam 9 kelas, dengan spesies yang mendominansi Eurythoe sp. (Polychaeta), dan nilai indeks dominansi (C) 0,05. Presentase tutupan lamun rata-rata sebesar 51,10 %, sedangkan tipe sedimen di dominansi oleh koarsa dan pasir kasar. Sebaran makrozoobentos menunjukkan adanya asosiasi dengan kepadatan tutupan lamun dan tipe sedimen gravel.
IDENTIFICATION OF VIBRIO BACTERIA CAUSED VIBRIOSIS ON FRESHWATER PRAWN LARVAE (Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man))
Authors: Bintari Ni Wayan Desi , Kawuri Retno , Dalem A. A. Gde Raka
Published: March 2018

Freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)) farming in Bali needs to be supported by the provisionof healthy prawn larvae. Vibriosis infection can be a limiting factor on larval production system which cause highmass mortality in larvae. Therefore a bacteriological study is very important to identify of Vibrio species whichcan cause vibriosis in freshwater prawn larvae. Screening of Vibrio bacteria carried on larval rearing water atUPT Pembenihan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Bali which located in Pesinggahan Village, Klungkung.During study, 5 Vibrio isolates can be characterized (VSP01, VSP02, VSP04, VSP05 and VSP06) which wereisolated as dominant Vibrio bacteria in larval rearing water. Koch postulate test results showed that VSP06 cancause vibriosis in freshwater prawn larvae. The result of identification by BBL Cystal™ Identification Systems andidentification book Bergeys’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Ninth Edition (Holt et al., 1994), BL6 wasidentified as Vibrio anguillarum.
THE DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF USEFUL PLANTS IN THE HOME GARDEN OF INDONESIAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY (UKI) CAMPUS, CAWANG, EAST JAKARTA
Authors: Silalahi Marina
Published: March 2018

Home gardens are rich in biodiversity, including landscape in campus. The research was conducted on April-July2015. The research aimed to know the diversity and distribution of useful plants in home gardens of IndonesianChristian University (UKI) campus, Cawang-East Jakarta. The home gardens of UKI are divided into 7 locations.Inventaritation were conducted in all locations. The plants were observed, counted, recorded for its local nameand made its voucher specimens. The similarity index was calculated by Jaccard (Ji). Results found 96 speciesbelonged to 85 genera and 36 families of useful plants in UKI home gardens. Those plants used for shading area,fruits and ornamental plants. Arecaceae and Euphorbiaceae are families with the highest number of species (11and 9), respectively. The similarity index of plants was 0.07 to 0.49 in each location.
VARIASI BENTUK WAJAH LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN DARI DESA PANGLIPURAN, KABUPATEN BANGLI, PROVINSI BALI
Authors: PUTRA AGUNG EKO CAHYA KUSUMA , WIRASITI NI NYOMAN , SETYAWATI IRIANI
Published: March 2018

This research determined male and female face type of the adults in Panglipuran adults. The analysis of face types Geometric Morphometric Technique in thin-plate-splin (tps) program. Adults female and 14 male aged 25-35 years old were photographed for both frontal and lateral faces with a digital camera Canon EOS 60D. Landmark data was processed by photo processor program tpsDig version 2.04, tpsSuper version 1.13, tpsRelw version 1.42, tpsSplin 1.20 and both of ape and gee package of R Program version 3.2.5. The average of male’s face shape type in Panglipuran village was ellipse and round for female’s. We found 2 frontal and 2 lateral for male’s face variation, we also found 3 frontal and 3 lateral for female’s. Frontal face of male and female that showed high variation included right subaurale, left subaurale, right gonion, left gonion, and gnathion. Lateral face of male and female that showed high variation were trichion, frontozygomaticus, superciliare, superaurale, pogonion, glabella, the minimum point of the curve below earlobe, gonion and gnathion.
KEKAYAAN JENIS BURUNG DI PULAU SERANGAN, BALI
Authors: SUMARDIKA I PUTU AGUS , GINANTRA I KETUT , SUASKARA I.B. MADE
Published: March 2018

This study aims to determine the species richness of bird species on the island of Serangan, Bali in February and March 2016. Observations were made of 20 time, which is held in the morning (06.00-09.00 am) and afternoon (15.00-18.00 pm). Observations were made on five types of habitat that are beaches, mangroves, lagoons, forest plantations and settlements. The study was conducted by recording ten species methods. Identification of species of birds refers to the morphological characters of the and also by voice. The resultsshowed 55 species of birds are found in five types of habitat which is included in 30 families, 25 types of which are species of shore birds and 30 species are terrestrial birds. In the lagoon habitat found 46 species, on mangrove found 28 species, forest plants are found 22 species, Beach habitat are found 20 species and settlements are found 14 species of birds. Similarity index of bird species in each habitat were: the beachmangrove 63%, beach-lagoon 61%, coast-forest plants 48%, beach-residential 47%, mangrove-lagoon 68%, mangrove-forest plants 52%, mangrove-residential 48%, the lagoon-forest plants 47%, the lagoon-residential 40%, plantations-residential 56%. Of the 55 species of birds were found, 15 species are protected birds and 12 species are migratory birds.
OIL OF PANDAN KELAPA HUTAN (Pandanus jiulianettii Martelli): PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, TOTAL PHENOLS, TOTAL CAROTENE, VITAMIN E AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: ZEBUA LISYE IRIANA , PURNAMASARI VITA
Published: March 2018

Pandanus plant is one of the important plant in Papua and Papua New Guinea. Traditionally pandanus plant is used by local people for lots of daily activities and daily needs, start from food flavoring, medicine, to religious ceremony needs. Pandan kelapa hutan fruits (P. jiulianettii Martelli.) is one of a kind of pandanus that been used from generation to generation the highlands of Papua and Papua New Guinea for the food ingredients. This research aims to determine the physicochemical properties, total phenol, total carotene,vitamin E and antioxidant activities of the forest coconut pandan oil (P. jiulianettii Martelli.) extracted using an aluminum pan. Physicochemical character that been analyzed is specific gravity, iod value, saponification value, free fatty acid content, acid value and peroxide value. Total phenol, total carotene and vitamin E measured respectively using Folin-Ciocalteu method, spectrophotometry method and colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activities is measured using a method that called DPPH. The result shows the pandan coconut oil has 1,00059 of specific gravity, 65.87 g/100gr of iod, 201,28 mg/g of saponification, 4.26% of acid and 5.64 Meq/kg of peroxide. The content of total phenols, total carotene and vitamin E respectively are 48.55 ppm, 2.75 µg/g and 5.0303 mg/100g. The antioxidant IC50 measuring result shows the value is 45.83 mg/mL.
Salep Kullanımının Fermente Türk Sucuğu Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Gök İsmail , Kılıç Birol , Özer Cem Okan
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study, the effect of addition to salep at different concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) into sucuk on physicochemical, textural and sensorial properties were investigated at d fermentation and storage periods (5., 10., 20. ve 30. days). The results indicated that TBARS values gradually increased during fermentation and storage periods in all treatment groups. However, addition of 10% salep decreased TBARS values compared to control group at the end of fermentation and storage period. pH values of sucuks were decreased with addition of salep. Higher L* values were observed in sucuk with 10% salep at the end of the fermentation and storage period. Increasing levels of salep in sucuk formulation caused an increase in hardness and ash values, a decrease in moisture values in sucuk. The results of this study indicated that salep may be used in sucuk manufacture by the meat industry to improve shelf-life and quality parameters of the product.
Cognitive Style of File-dependent (FD): Quantitative Reasoning in Generalizing
Authors: Muzaini Muhammad , Juniati Dwi , Y.E Siswono Tatag
Published: March 2018

Quantitative reasoning is essential in learning and is the primary objective of many educators especially for math teachers worldwide with the aim of how to develop the relationship between mind and the problems of students’ real-life so that it can be solved mathematically. The purpose of this study is to describe the students' quantitative reasoning in generalizing math word problems. The type of this research was descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were male students enrolled as students of Junior High School in Makassar, and the students had Field-dependent cognitive style. The Group Embedded Figure Test test (GEFT) is used to find subjects that have Field-dependent cognitive style. The main data collection of this study was obtained by using interview technique to investigate the aspect of students' quantitative reasoning ingeneralizing process when completing math problem. The results showed that the subject of male Fielddependent: quantitative reasoning of the subject arises two traits: (1) hooking the relationship of ratios and (2)hooking the proportional relationship, furthermore the subject there is a tendency to see only one quantity change and the subject in finding a new quantity is procedural.
Student’s Error in Writing Mathematical Problem Solving Associated With Corresponding Angles of The Similar Triangles
Authors: Parastuti R H , Usodo B , Subanti S
Published: March 2018

The research method used is descriptive qualitative.The aim of this research is to describe the student’s error in writing the resolution about the similarity of the two triangles. The student has many problems in mathematics include analyzing a triangle. A polygon that has three sides, three angles, and three cornersis called a triangle. The angle formed by the two sides of a triangle intersects with each other. The triangles are similar if the comparison lengths of the corresponding sides are same and the large of the corresponding angles are same. Three students are chosen as the subjects based on their score in the daily test about the similarity of two triangles. The students are given tests and then interviewed. Writing error by students in solving problems is analyzed based on Newman’s theory. The result obtained in this research is that error writing occurs because of the misconceptions when transforming the information from the problem. The students make mistakes in writing occurs when they have to solve the problems.