bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PROBLEMS OF DRAWING
Authors:   Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Process, Criminalistics and Judicial Expertise, South Ural State University (NRU, Yastrebova T.I.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the relationship between the procedural and tactical aspects of search and seizure, their common and distinctive features, draws attention to the essence of the compulsion of these investigative actions. The concept of «voluntariness» is analyzed in relation to the production of seizure. The article reveals the problems of procedural regulation of seizure in cases of voluntary provision of objects both by participants in criminal proceedings and by other citizens and officials. It is proposed to introduce into the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation a new article on the appearance in criminal proceedings of objects that are significant for the case.
Consumption Patterns under a Universal Basic Income
Authors: Garcia-Murillo Martha A. , MacInnes Ian P.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we challenge one of the criticisms against the idea of a universal basic income (UBI), namely, that people will waste the support on high-end consumption. We rely on the literature from various disciplines from which we developed high- and low-UBI scenarios for respondents to decide what they would do if the state were to provide an unconditional stipend. We analyzed the multiple-choice responses, using an ordered probit, and the written explanations of the respondents’ choices, using content analysis. The results suggest that while a higher UBI would increase consumption, it would likely be done responsibly. People with low incomes showed restraint in all categories. The qualitative analysis captures some of the complexities of people’s socioeconomic circumstances that support the notion of responsible consumption. The policy implication is that a UBI could be introduced at a low level and gradually increased to a level that maximizes societal benefits.
miR-128-3p inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced sepsis by targeting TGFBR2
Authors: Yang Peng , Han Jianhua , Li Shigeng , Luo Shaoning , Tu Xusheng , Ye Zhiqiang
Published: February 2021

Background

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to the dysfunction of many organs. The aberrant expression of miRNAs is associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the biological functions of miR-128-3p in sepsis remain largely unknown, and its mechanism should be further investigated. This study aimed to determine the regulatory network of miR-128-3p and TGFBR2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis.

Methods

The expression levels of miR-128-3p and transforming growth factor beta receptors II (TGFBR2) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The protein levels of TGFBR2, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, Smad2, and Smad3 were measured by western blot. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine production was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding sites of miR-128-3p and TGFBR2 were predicted by Targetscan online software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay.

Results

The level of miR-128-3p was decreased, and TGFBR2 expression was increased in serum samples of sepsis patients and LPS-induced HK2 cells. Overexpression of miR-128-3p or knockdown of TGFBR2 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Moreover, TGFBR2 was a direct target of miR-128-3p, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-128-3p overexpression on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced HK2 cells. Besides, overexpression of miR-128-3p downregulated TGFBR2 to suppress the activation of the Smad signaling pathway.

Conclusion

miR-128-3p could inhibit apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TGFBR2 in LPS-induced HK2 cells, which might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis.
Dynamic perfusion CT – A promising tool to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zaborienė Inga , Barauskas Giedrius , Gulbinas Antanas , Ignatavičius Povilas , Lukoševičius Saulius , Žvinienė Kristina
Published: February 2021

Background and objective

This study deals with an important issue of setting the role and value of the dynamic computed tomography (CT) perfusion analysis in diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The study aimed to assess the efficacy of perfusion CT in identifying PDAC, even isodense or hardly depicted in conventional multidetector computed tomography.

Methods

A total of 56 patients with PDAC and 56 control group patients were evaluated in this study. A local perfusion assessment, involving the main perfusion parameters, was evaluated for all the patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for each perfusion CT parameter were defined using cutoff values calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We accomplished logistic regression to identify the probability of PDAC.

Results

Blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) values were significant independent diagnostic criteria for the presence of PDAC. If both values exceed the determined cutoff point, the estimated probability for the presence of PDAC was 97.69%.

Conclusions

Basic CT perfusion parameters are valuable in providing the radiological diagnosis of PDAC. The estimated BF and BV parameters may serve as independent diagnostic criteria predicting the probability of PDAC.
Metathetic approach to new NORPHOS-related bisphosphanes: facile synthesis and application in asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Szwaczko Katarzyna , Miroslaw Barbara , Demchuk Oleg M. , Wójciuk Grzegorz , Mazur Liliana , Pietrusiewicz Kazimierz Michał
Published: February 2021

A highly efficient synthesis of new chiral bisphosphanes derived from the renowned NORPHOS ligand is presented. The synthesis involves ring-opening metathesis of NORPHOS dioxide with an external olefin, followed by saturation of the new double bonds and adjustment of the oxidation level of phosphorus centers oxidation level. The synthesized bisphosphanes retain the configuration and enantiomeric purity of the starting NORPHOS. Their utility as ligands in asymmetric catalysis is exemplified using an open-NORPHOS ligand in some benchmark Rh-catalyzed hydrogenations of enamides where excellent chemical yields and enantiomeric purities of the products have been secured. The proposed protocol demonstrated the possibility of a straightforward synthesis of new chiral catalysts to be utilized in the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds, such as amino acid derivatives.
Computational studies on statins photoactivity
Authors: Pluskota-Karwatka Donata , Hoffmann Marcin
Published: February 2021

Statins are popular drugs widely prescribed to control hypercholesterolaemia and to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Synthetic statins constitute a group of pharmaceuticals which are very sensitive to exposure to light in both UVA and UVB ranges. Light, by causing drugs degradation, can essentially change their pharmaceutical properties leading even to the loss of therapeutic activity and/or to the formation of deleterious photoproducts. Drugs which exhibit photochemical reactivity may elicit undesired adverse effects. A detailed understanding of mechanisms involved in molecular basis of these effects origin is very important for evaluating the photobiological risk associated with therapy in which drugs prone to exposure to light are involved. In this work we critically discussed finding regarding the mechanisms of synthetic statins phototransformation. We showed inconsistency of some previously reported facts and revised earlier presented studies. We also completed the lack of information on pitavastatin photobehaviour. This all together resulted in proposal of new schemes for the statins photodecomposition. We reviewed data derived from both experimental and computational methods. Studies of photochemical problems by the use of theoretical methods enable getting insight into areas of some fascinating events that experimental techniques can touch only indirectly. Besides effect of light, phenomenon of statins’ sensitivity to pH and resulting implications were discussed. Statins undergo pH-dependent interconversion between their pharmacologically active hydroxy acid and inactive lactone forms, and it was shown that for both forms, drugs’ interactions should be considered. Knowledge of the statins interconversion mechanisms is important for understanding how differences in the structures of their molecules can affect the drugs’ activity.
Dysregulated gene-associated biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and aging
Authors: Li Min , Geng Rongxin , Li Chen , Meng Fantao , Zhao Hongwei , Liu Jing , Dai Juanjuan , Wang Xuezhen
Published: February 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder with a hidden onset, including difficult early detection and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the new crucial biomarkers for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of AD need to be explored further. Here, the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through a comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that these DEGs were mainly associated with biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, which are involved in multiple cellular functions. Next, we found that 9 of the 24 genes showed the same regulatory changes in the blood of patients with AD compared to those in the GEO database, and 2 of the 24 genes showed a significant correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Finally, we determined that mice with AD and elderly mice had the same regulatory changes in the identified DEGs in both the blood and hippocampus. Our study identified several potential core biomarkers of AD and aging, which could contribute to the early detection, differential diagnosis, treatment, and pathological analysis of AD.
The effect of dietary supplementation with high- or low-dose omega-3 fatty acid on inflammatory pathology after traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Black Elise K. , Phillips Jack K. , Seminetta Jack , Bailes Julian , Lee John M. , Finan John D.
Published: February 2021

This study investigated dietary supplementation as a prophylactic for neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a preclinical model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received 30 days of supplementation with either water or two dietary supplements. The first consisted of high-dose omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) (supplement A) along with vitamin D3 and vitamin E. The second had the same ingredients at different doses with an addition of cannabidiol (supplement B). Rats were subjected to an impact TBI and then euthanized 7 days post-injury and neuroinflammation quantified by histological detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte activation, and CD68, a marker of microglial activity. There was a trend toward increased GFAP staining in injured, unsupplemented animals as compared to sham, unsupplemented animals, consistent with increased activation of astrocytes in response to trauma which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. The pattern of CD68 staining across groups was similar to that of GFAP staining. There was a trend toward an increase in the injured unsupplemented group, relative to sham which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. CD68 staining in injured animals was concentrated in the perivascular domain. The consistency between trends across different measures of neuroinflammation showing benefits of high-dose O3FA supplementation following TBI suggests that the observed effects are real. These findings are preliminary, but they justify further study to determine the functional benefits associated with improvements in histological outcomes and understand associated dose-response curves.
Dynamics of liquid drop on a vibrating micro-perforated plate
Authors: Sarı Gözde , Aydın Yasemin Nur , Bilekli Ümü Gülsüm , Göl Mehmet Bartu
Published: February 2021

The present work presents the behavior of a liquid drop placed onto a surface of the perforated plate experimentally. Micro holes were created on the brass plate by a laser marking method. The actuator made of brass and piezoelectric discs driven by a sine input voltage, and it bonded rigidly to the perforated plate. This study aimed to reveal the behavior of the drop placed on the perforated plate and the effects of the initial acceleration value on the rate of change in the drop projected area onto the surface. For this purpose, a frequency-response function of the dry micro-perforated plate was measured by a laser vibrometer, and the acceleration distribution was determined on the perforated plate. Further, the drop was excited with five different initial acceleration values, and the drop projected area onto the surface was recorded by a camera during the atomization process. It was observed that droplets were atomized at the air–liquid interface on two sides of the perforated plate. The time-varying function of the drop projected area onto the surface for each initial acceleration value was presented graphically. The polynomial function was fitted to the experimental data points for each acceleration value, and thus the effects of the initial acceleration on the varying drop size were analyzed. The authors emphasized that the drop projected area onto the surface first increased and then decreased during the atomization process. The rate of change in the drop projected area onto the surface increased as the initial acceleration increased. The drop was atomized both by ejecting from the surface and sucking through the holes.
Sonoporation: Underlying Mechanisms and Applications in Cellular Regulation
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Zhiyi , Ge Shuping
Published: February 2021

Ultrasound combined with microbubble-mediated sonoporation has been applied to enhance drug or gene intracellular delivery. Sonoporation leads to the formation of openings in the cell membrane, triggered by ultrasound-mediated oscillations and destruction of microbubbles. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of sonoporation, including ultrasonic parameters, microbubbles size, and the distance of microbubbles to cells. Recent advances are beginning to extend applications through the assistance of contrast agents, which allow ultrasound to connect directly to cellular functions such as gene expression, cellular apoptosis, differentiation, and even epigenetic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art concerning microbubble–cell interactions and sonoporation effects leading to cellular functions.
Participación política de la mujer como alcaldesa en Centroamérica. Las elecciones municipales 2017-2020
Authors: Cedillo Delgado Rafael
Published: February 2021

El artículo examina la participación política de la mujer como candidata a la alcaldía en las elecciones municipales de Centroamérica, entre 2017-2020. El objetivo es determinar cuánto ha avanzado la paridad de género en las alcaldías de Centroamérica y hacer una evaluación de la implementación de las cuotas electorales a nivel local. Para cumplir con el propósito, se hizo un análisis comparativo y una revisión de la normatividad electoral y prácticas de los partidos políticos. Se encontró que las cuotas de género han contribuido al crecimiento de la representación femenina, pero, salvo el caso de Nicaragua, hay un bajo nivel de inclusión política de las mujeres en la elección de alcaldías, debido a los resquicios normativos y prácticas políticas imperantes. Se propone incluir el mecanismo de paridad horizontal y el mandato de posición para candidatas mujeres a la alcaldía, con el fin de constituir sistemas representativos más incluyentes en Centroamérica.
Effect of various inhibitors on enzymatic browning, antioxidant activity and total phenol content of fresh-cut rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.)
Authors: ALTUNKAYA DİNÇAY Arzu
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada, taze roka salatasında bulunan
polifenoloksidaz (PPO), dietilaminoetil selüloz (DEAE) ile doldurulmuş kolon
üzerinden kısmen saflaştırılmıştır. Optimum sıcaklığı 30 °C ve pH 6.0 olarak
bulunmuştur. Roka PPO, en yüksek substrat spesifikliğini kullanılan substratlar
arasında kateşol ile göstermiştir. Askorbik asit, sistein, okzalik asit ve
sitrik asit potansiyel inhbitörler olarak test edilmiştir. En etkili inhibitor
sistein olarak belirlenmiştir. Askorbik asit toplam antioksidan aktiviteyi
arttırken, kullanılan inhibitörlerin Rokada bulunan fenolik bileşiklerin oksidasyonunu
önlediği tespit edilmiştir
Inhibitory Property of Poly (AN-co-VP) Copolymer on Some Dermatophyte Fungi and Yeasts that Cause Fungal Infections
Authors: ERECEVİT SÖNMEZ Pınar , TORĞUT Gülben , PIHTILI Güzin , KIRBAG Sevda
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the high frequency of fungal infections originating from Candida and dermatophyte strains has accelerated treatment attempts. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for poly (AN-co-VP) / copolymer, which we think could be an ideal drug in treatment interventions was evaluated with disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitor concentration. In the antimicrobial measurement data, it was determined that the poly (AN-co-VP) / coolymer dissolved in pure water is an significant inhibitory property against the growth of yeast (on Candida spp. with 11.33 ± 0.3 mm barrier area) and dermatophyte fungi (on Epidermophyton sp. and Trichophyton sp. with 12.33 ± 0.3 mm barrier area) (p
Appendiküler Müsinöz Kistadenom ve Peritoneal Adenomüsinozis
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Mehmet Fatih , BOZ Alper , ACAR Hasan , CENGİZ Emrah , TOPUZ Sezgin , PEKER Onur
Published: February 2021

41 yaşında erkek hasta, kliniğimize şiddetli karın ağrısı, ateş, bulantı ,kusma şikayetleri ile başvurdu. Operasyon öncesi tanısal amaçla yapılan ultrasonografi ve Bilgisayarlı Tomografi’de; karın içerisinde yer yer kistik kitleler, appendiks çapında büyüme izlendi.

Bazı kanser markerlarının yüksek bulunan ve laparoskopi yapılan hasta da; batın içerisinde yaygın kistler, dilate appendiks, karaciğerde subkapsüler kist görüldü. Laparoskopik olarak appendektomi yapıldı. Peritondan birkaç yerden biyopsi alındı. Patolojik inceleme sonunda; peritoneal adenomüsinozis, appendikste müsinöz kistadenom tanısı konuldu. Operasyondan 1 ay sonra kanser markerları normal düzeye geriledi.
Üçüncü Basamak Sağlık Merkezinde Genç İskemik İnme Hastalarında Etiyolojik inceleme
Authors: İNAN Rahşan Adviye , ÖZER Duygu , ÖZEN BARUT Banu
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı genç inme hastalarında inme etiyolojisinin ve risk faktörlerinin yaş ve cinsiyet ile ilişkisinin araştırılması ve tekrarlayan inme geçiren hastalarda inme tekrarına neden olabilecek olası risk faktörlerinin saptanmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastanemizde akut iskemik inme tanısıyla yatırılmış 55 yaş ve altı 150 hastanın kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, vasküler risk faktörleri, inme etiyolojisine yönelik biyokimyasal tetkikleri ve görüntüleme bulguları kaydedilmiştir. İnme alt tipleri TOAST sınıflaması kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İlk kez ve tekrarlayan inme geçiren hastaların risk faktörleri ve inme alt tipleri cinsiyet ve yaşa göre değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Hastaların 111’i erkek (%74), 39’u kadındı (%26). 83’ü ( % 55.3 ) 45 yaş ve altındaydı. En sık izlenen risk faktörleri HT (% 46), sigara içmek (%45.3) ve dislipidemi ( % 32.7) idi. Sigara içme oranı erkeklerde anlamlı bir şekilde yüksekti ( p< 0,0001). Hipertansiyon ve diyabetes mellitus 45 yaş üstü hasta grubunda daha fazlaydı (p= 0,009, p = 0,022). Erkek cinsiyet, 45 yaş üstü olmak ve hipertansiyon arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p = .003). Küçük damar hastalığı her iki yaş grubunda en sık izlenen inme alt tipiydi. 19 hastada (%12.6) tekrarlayan inme saptandı. Risk faktörleri ve inme alt tipi açısından ilk kez ve tekrarlayıcı inme geçiren hasta grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı.

Sonuç: Hipertansiyon, sigara içmek ve hiperlipidemi genç popülasyonda en sık izlenen inme risk faktörleri olup, 45 yaş üstü hipertansif ve diyabetik erkeklerde inme riski daha fazladır. Genç hastalarda değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinin saptanıp tedavi edilmesi inme tekrarının önlenmesi açısından önemlidir.
THE ASSOCIATION OF CELIAC DISEASE WITH IDIOPATHIC INFERTILITY IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION
Authors: ÖZBERK Sümeyra , KILIÇ Eser , CAN SEZGİN Gülten , YÜCESOY Mehmet
Published: February 2021

Aim: Celiac Disease (CD) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that occurs in the small intestine of genetically predisposed individuals after gluten intake. CD leads to several gynecological and obstetrical problems. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of CD in patients with the diagnosis of idiopathic infertility in Central Anatolia.
Patients and Methods: The study included 30 female patients who had the diagnosis of idiopathic infertility in the Erciyes UniversityFaculty of Medicine, gynecology and obstetrics clinic and 33 healthy women with at least one healthy pregnancy. The levels of AGA IGG/IGM, EMA, tTG, and IgG/IgM antibodies were measured in all patients and the study group. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and duodenal biopsy were performed for the individuals with a positive test result.
Results: There was no significant difference in the presence of anemia, age, and body mass index between the groups. While AGA IGA was positive in four patients and AGA IGG was only positive in one patient in the patient group, AGA IGA was positive in three patients in the control group. In the control group, only one patient had a positive (EMA) test result; however, there was no positive result in any of the patients in the study group. TTG IgA antibodies were negative in both groups. Two patients had positive test in terms of TTG IgG in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of serological tests in both groups.
Conclusion: The prevalence of CD in idiopathic infertile patients was similar to the control group. Further studies are needed to evaluate this relationship in this cohort.
An Effective Statistics Approach to Secure Data File through Forbidden Zone Data Hiding Technique
Authors: Tyler Taylor, Justin Rogers
Published: February 2021

Video Steganography is a strategy wherein we can conceal a wide range of documents with any extension into a carrying Video document. Right now, are utilizing two fundamental wording that is have host file and carrier file where host file is a hidden file (any sort of record like content document, picture document, and sound/video document) and carrier file must be a video record. The primary inspiration of this paper is to make sure about moving of information by utilizing steganography and cryptography system. It is worried about implanting data in a harmless spread media in a safe and hearty way. Right now expositions we are utilizing Forbidden Zone Data Hiding strategy where no modification is required in have signal range during information hidden procedure. To safely moving the information record, we use video information covering up and utilizing revision limit of rehash gather code with predominance of taboo zone information stowing away. Utilizing this methodology we can likewise stow away and move the enormous video record whose size is bigger than spread record in secure way. The principle favorable position of utilizing video record sequestered from everything data is the additional protection from of the outsider or unintended beneficiary because of the overall multifaceted nature of video contrasted with picture and sound document. I have effectively actualized the proposed system of video information hiding utilizing forbidden zone datahiding strategy (FZDH) on content document, picture record, sound record and video document. The exceptional element is that we can hide the bigger size video record behind the smaller size cover record.
Statistical Forbidden Zone Data Hiding Technique to Secure Various Data File
Authors: Jayden Gabb, Sophia Brereton
Published: February 2021

Video Steganography is a method where we can hide a wide range of documents with any extension into a carrying Video document. Right now exposition we are utilizing Forbidden Zone Data Hiding system where no adjustment is required in have signal range during information concealing procedure. Approach of this paper depends on the idea of message taking cover behind the video record that utilizations Forbidden Zone Data Hiding technique strategy. RA codes are utilizing with Forbidden zone information hiding to give robustness.
Lytic lesions of bone: a cytological and histopathological correlative study
Authors: A. Aria Jyothi , Vijayaraghavan Lilarani
Published: February 2021

Background: Lytic lesions of bone are easier to aspirate and fine needle aspiration cytology aids in an earlier diagnosis. The findings are correlated with radiological findings and subsequent histopathological diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of fine needle aspiration cytology of lytic lesions of bone evaluated.Methods: It was a descriptive study for 2 years. All types of lytic lesions of bone were aspirated with fine needle along with radiological assistance. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with histo pathological diagnosis.Results: A total number of 84 cases were studied with histopathological follow up in 51 cases. FNAC diagnosis was correct in 34 cases. In 8 cases, cytology diagnosis was malignant neoplasm, but correct typing was not possible. In 9 cases cytological diagnosis were inconclusive due to inadequate material. Sensitivity of the test was 70.83%, specificity was 50.12%, positive predictive value was 97.14%, negative predictive value was 6.67% and overall accuracy was 70 .01%.Conclusions: The role of FNAC in diagnosis of bone lesions is both promising and challenging. Because of simplicity, low morbidity and economical benefits, FNAC should be the first step in the diagnosis of bone lesions.
Challenges of Monetary Policy during Crisis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Paduszyńska Marta
Published: February 2021

The topic of the presented study is about the monetary policy in the United Kingdom, included situation and challenges of this policy during crisis. This article presents the structure of the central bank of England as well as economic trends in years 2002–2016. Special attention has been devoted to the Quantitative Easing – unconventional monetary policy followed by central bank in the wake of financial crisis that began in 2007. The main purpose of the article is to show the impact of the financial crisis on the monetary policy in the United Kingdom and methods of dealing with its negative effects. Realisation of this will be studied literature and data compiled by the institutions involved in the discussed issue, especially reports prepared by the Central Bank of England. The financial crisis has had a negative impact on the real economy of the United Kingdom. It limited possibilities of household consumption and also possibilities of investment companies. Both of those, consumption and investment are important determinants of GDP.
The Influence of Insurance Market on the Economic Development of Ukraine
Authors: Rybalchenko Liudmyla
Published: February 2021

The level of economic development and the economic growth rates in Ukraine are very uneven. On the basement of production function were analyzed the factors of economic development in Ukraine. The influence of the level of the insurance development on its economic growth was considered.
Instytucja budżetu obywatelskiego jako narzędzia rozwoju samorządu lokalnego
Authors: Rybińska Daria
Published: February 2021

Budżet obywatelski jest uważany za jedno z najlepszych narzędzi, uwzględniających preferencje mieszkańców w procesie zarządzania środkami publicznymi. Jest on instrumentem, pozwalającym mieszkańcom na współdecydowanie o kierunku wydatkowania środków z budżetu samorządu lokalnego. W artykule podjęto próbę określenia wpływu instytucji budżetu obywatelskiego na rozwój jednostki samorządu terytorialnego.

W tym celu poddano analizie cztery edycje budżetu obywatelskiego miasta Łodzi, przeprowadzone w latach 2013–2016. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na zasady przeprowadzania budżetu, rodzaje zrealizowanych zadań oraz kierunki wydatkowania środków. Na koniec zaprezentowano wnioski płynące z przeprowadzonej analizy, które potwierdzają, iż budżet obywatelski jest narzędziem wpływającym na rozwój samorządu lokalnego.
Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Spine Surgery
Authors: Abola Matthew V. , Lin Charles C. , Lin Lawrence J. , Schreiber-Stainthorp William , Frempong-Boadu Anthony , Buckland Aaron J. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Surgical site infections are common and costly complications after spine surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics are the standard of care; however, the appropriate duration of antibiotics has yet to be adequately addressed. We sought to determine whether the duration of antibiotic administration (preoperatively only versus preoperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively) impacts postoperative infection rates.

Methods:

All patients undergoing inpatient spinal procedures at a single institution from 2011 to 2018 were evaluated for inclusion. A minimum of 1 year of follow-up was used to adequately capture postoperative infections. The 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching technique was used between patients who did and did not receive postoperative antibiotics, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to control for confounding.

Results:

A total of 4,454 patients were evaluated and, of those, 2,672 (60%) received 24 hours of postoperative antibiotics and 1,782 (40%) received no postoperative antibiotics. After propensity-matched analysis, there was no difference between patients who received postoperative antibiotics and those who did not in terms of the infection rate (1.8% compared with 1.5%). No significant decrease in the odds of postoperative infection was noted in association with the use of postoperative antibiotics (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.620 to 2.23; p = 0.628). Additionally, there was no observed increase in the risk of Clostridium difficile infection or in the short-term rate of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms.

Conclusions:

There was no difference in the rate of surgical site infections between patients who received 24 hours of postoperative antibiotics and those who did not. Additionally, we found no observable risks, such as more antibiotic-resistant infections and C. difficile infections, with prolonged antibiotic use.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Efecto del acabado sobre la calidad de la canal de terneros y terneras alimentados con ensilados
Authors: Zea Salgueiro J. , Díaz Díaz M. D. , Carballo Santaolalla J. A.
Published: February 2021

En 300 terneros y 300 terneras, alimentados a base de ensilados de pradera o maíz, se realizaron acabados con 4 o 5 kg de pienso o con pienso a voluntad, durante 45 o 90 días. Los animales se sacrificaron a los 400 kg de peso vivo los machos, y a 375 kg las hembras. El rendimiento de la canal aumentó con el acabado. La mejora de la conformación que produce el acabado se manifiesta únicamente en los animales alimentados con ensilado de pradera (en las hembras sólo con acabados de 90 días y pienso a voluntad). El engrasamiento también mejora con el acabado, tanto restringido como a voluntad. En el caso de las hembras únicamente en las alimentadas con ensilado de pradera. La grasa de riñonada aumentó con el acabado. La composición tisular de la canal únicamente se vio afectada en el contenido en grasa, que aumentó con los acabados en el caso de los machos, y en el de las hembras únicamente en las alimentadas con ensilado de pradera. Las mejoras que producen los acabados en la calidad de la canal son modestas y menores si los animales se alimentan con ensilado de maíz que si se hace con ensilado de pradera.
Influência da queima e aditivos químicos e bacterianos na composição química de silagens de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Siqueira G. R. , Reis R. A. , Schocken-Iturrino R. P. , Bernardes T. F. , Pires A. J. V. , Roth M. T. P. , Amaral R. C.
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da queima e do tratamento com aditivos químicos (uréia, benzoato de sódio e hidróxido de sódio) e inoculantes microbiológicos (Propionibacterium acidipro-pionici + Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus buchneri) na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar, utilizando o esquema fatorial 2 (cana-de-açúcar crua e queimada) x 6 (cinco aditivos uréia, benzoato de sódio, hidróxido de sódio, Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus buchneri mais o grupo controle). Avaliou-se a composição química da forragem antes de ensilar e após a abertura dos silos. Observou-se concentração dos teores de FDN em todas as silagens, de 51,3% (antes da ensilagem) para 67,8% após a abertura dos silos. Maiores recuperações da matéria seca digestível verdadeira, 83,6 e 79,8% foram observadas nas silagens de cana-de-açúcar queimada e tratadas com NaOH ou com L. buchneri, respectivamente. Observou-se elevação da recuperação da matéria seca digestível de 45% nas silagens de cana crua controle para 74,3% nas silagens tratadas com L. buchneri. Nas silagens de cana queimada as melhores recuperações dessa fração foram observadas nas silagens tratadas com NaOH (83,6%) e nas com L. buchneri (79,8%). Os aditivos NaOH e L. buchneri foram os mais eficientes em controlar as perdas qualitativas durante o processo fermentativo da ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar crua ou queimada.
Resposta de suínos em crescimento mantidos em diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Kiefer C. , Meignen B.C.G. , Sanches J.F. , Carrijo A.S.
Published: February 2021

Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos castrados, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso composto por dois tratamentos e doze repetições, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento, respostas fisiológicas e o desempenho dos animais. As temperaturas médias do período experimental foram 21,5oC e 31,3oC, respectivamente, nos ambientes de conforto térmico e de estresse por calor. Suínos sob estresse por calor permaneceram significativamente menos tempo na posição em pé, mais tempo na posição deitado, menos tempo no comedouro, mais tempo no bebedouro, mais tempo na posição deitado no bebedouro e mais tempo dormindo em relação àqueles mantidos sob conforto térmico. Suínos sob estresse por calor apresentaram consumos de energia, proteína, lisina e ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar reduzidos e apresentaram menores pesos de órgãos, exceto do estômago, e freqüência respiratória e temperaturas retal e de superfície aumentadas. Suínos sob conforto térmico apresentaram maior eficiência de utilização da proteína e energia e maiores deposições diárias de proteína e gordura na carcaça. Temperaturas que provocam estresse por calor afetam negativamente o comportamento de suínos em crescimento.
Análises morfométricas entre apis mellifera da mesorregião do sertão paraibano
Authors: Souza D. L. , Evangelista-Rodrigues A. , Ribeiro M. N. , Padilla Álvarez F. , Farias E. S. L. , Pereira W. E.
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, caracterizar as populações de Apis mellifera da mesorregião do Sertão paraibano, comparando os indivíduos morfometricamente. As medidas tomadas foram: comprimento da asa anterior (CAA) e largura da asa anterior (LAA), ângulos B4, E9, G18, J16, K19, N23, O26 e distância b (Db); comprimento da asa posterior (CAP) e largura da asa posterior (LAP), distância L2 (DL2), L5 (DL5) e ângulo W3, comprimento do fêmur (CF), comprimento da tíbia (CT), comprimento do tarso (CTS) e largura do tarso (LTS) e comprimento da probóscide (CP). Para a comparação das diferentes variáveis estudadas utilizou-se a análise de variância, o teste de Tukey, análise canônica e o teste de Tocher a 5% de significância. Para as medidas realizadas em cada amostra utilizou-se um equipamento de análise de imagens, Programa Image Pro Plus 4.0. As variáveis CTS e LTS, ângulos G18 e K19 e DL2 diferiram significativamente (p
Germinação de sementes em placas fecais bovinas
Authors: Deminicis B. B. , Almeida J. C. C. , Malafaia P. A. M. , Blume M. C. , Abreu J. B. R. , Vieira H. D.
Published: February 2021

O experimento foi conduzido na UFRRJ e no laboratório de produção e tecnologia de sementes da PESAGRORIO, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação de sementes em placas bovinas fecais, à campo. Foram utilizadas as seguintes leguminosas: Leucaena leucocephala, Clitorea ternatea, Calopogonium mucunoides, Neonotonia wightii e Macrotyloma axillare. As sementes foram administradas aos animais por sonda esofágica (200 sementes/animal) e as fezes foram recolhidas em intervalos de 6 horas até completar 48 horas. As fezes foram alocadas em canteiros de 50 x 70 cm, num gramado de Paspalum notatum, permanecendo vedados. Foi contado o número de plântulas germinadas, de cada espécie, aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após alocação das placas nos canteiros. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente casualizado, 5 tratamentos (espécies) com 4 repetições. A espécie que apresentou maior porcentagem de plântulas nas fezes foi a Clitorea ternatea, pois aproximadamente 19% das sementes ingeridas germinaram nas fezes. O período em que foram excretadas as fezes que apresentou maior porcentagem de plântulas foi o de 18 a 24 horas com 29,56%, seguido do período de 24 a 30 horas com 20,44%, lembrando que 100% é igual a 102 plântulas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os bovinos podem ser utilizados para a introdução/dispersão de leguminosas de modo prático e barato para a melhora ou recuperação de pastagens degradadas no Brasil.
Análisis del cromosoma y de razas bovinas naturalizadas brasileñas: datos preliminares
Authors: Issa É. C. , Jorge W. , Egito A. A. , Sereno J. R. B.
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un estudio preliminar del cariotipo de bovinos de razas brasileñas: Curraleiro, Crioulo Lageano y Junqueira disponibles en la granja Parque perteneciente a Embrapa Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Brasília, DF y de los Pantaneiros ubicados en el norte del Pantanal, pertenecientes a la finca Promissão, Poconé, MT. Fueron analizados los cariotipos de 29 machos a través de su tipo morfológico de cromosoma Y, submetacéntrico o acrocéntrico, tipos estos considerados como marcadores para las subespecies taurinas y cebuínas, respectivamente. El resultado mostró que, dentro de los seis sementales Curraleiros evaluados, cuatro presentaron Y de cebú (acrocéntrico) y dos de taurino (submetacéntrico), sugiriendo contaminación racial por Cebú. Sin embargo, todos los Pantaneiros analizados presentaron exclusivamente cromosoma Y de Cebú (acrocéntrico), mientras que los bovinos Crioulo Lageano y Junqueira presentaron sólo Y submetacéntrico, confirmando su origen taurino.
Toxicidad aguda del sulfato de cobre en postlarvas de camarón Cryphiops caementarius
Authors: Mendoza-Rodríguez R.
Published: February 2021

Se evaluó la toxicidad del sulfato de cobre (CuSO4.5H2O) en postlarvas de camarón Cryphiops caementarius mediante pruebas de toxicidad aguda, con el objetivo de determinar las concentraciones letales (LC1, LC50), concentración efectiva (EC50). Se propusieron concentraciones de 0,6; 1,0; 1,9; 3,1; 4,0; 7,8 y 12,5 mg/l y el control libre de sustancia tóxica en agua dulce. Se utilizaron 240 postlarvas con tres réplicas de 10 postlarvas por tratamiento. Los resultados de la prueba de toxicidad aguda reflejaron que este estadio es muy sensible al sulfato de cobre encontrando valores de LC1, LC50 y EC50 para 24 h: 1,41; 3,875 y 3,97 mg/l, para 48 h: 0,828; 3,399 y 3,37 mg/l, para 72 h: 0,212; 2,55 y 2,96 mg/l y para 96 h: 0,174; 2,054 y 2,28 mg/l CuSO4.5H2O. La sobrevivencia y la actividad natatoria fueron afectadas por el sulfato de cobre, disminuyendo a medida que aumenta la concentración, encontrándose que las concentraciones peligrosas y nocivas fueron 7,8 y 12,5 mg/l (90 y 100% de mortalidad antes de 24 h respectivamente); las concentraciones de 0,6 y 1,0 mg/l fueron tolerables alcanzando 100% de sobrevivencia para 48 h.
Efectos de enzimas e inoculantes sobre la composición del ensilaje de maíz
Authors: Ruiz B. O. , Castillo Y. , Anchondo A. , Rodríguez C. , Beltrán R. , La O O. , Payán J.
Published: February 2021

El tratamiento de ensilajes con enzimas fibro-líticas e inoculantes bacterianos ha mostrado aumentar digestibilidad, fermentación y estabilidad aeróbica de varios forrajes. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto en la composición química y características de fermentación en el ensilaje con los híbridos DK641® (DK641), Eagle 238W® (238W), Golden Harvest EX313® (EX313), Golden Harvest H9403® (H9403), Pioneer 32R25® (32R25), Pioneer 31G98® (31G98) y Producers 725® (725) tratados con tres aditivos. Los híbridos se sembraron en parcelas experimentales de 1 ha en Chihuahua, México. La cosecha se realizó en la etapa de madurez con 1/3 de llenado del grano tomándose muestras representativas para la elaboración de microsilos (1,3±0,1 kg) por 42 d. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos de microsilos: el control (CT) con 20 ml de agua destilada y tres tratamientos con aditivo; SA con 0,0065 g de Sill All 4x4® (L. plantarum, P. acidilactii, E. faecium y B. salivarus), BS con 0,182 g de Bio-sile® (L. plantarum y P. pentosaceus) y FB con 0,31 g de Fibrozyme® (xylanases y T. viride). Se determinó materia seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA), celulosa (CE), hemicelulosa (HEM), digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) digestibilidad in vitro de la materia orgánica (DIVMO), pH y ácido láctico (AL). La inoculación (SA y BS) incrementó los contenidos de FDN en los ensilajes de los materiales 31G98 y DK641 (p
Efeito do cálcio na qualidade óssea e de ovos de poedeiras
Authors: Almeida Paz I. C. L. , Mendes A. A. , Balog A. , Komiyama C. M. , Takahashi S. E. , Almeida I. C. L. , García E. A. , Vulcano L. C. , Ballarin A. W. , Silva M. C. , Cardoso K. F. G.
Published: February 2021

Um experimento foi realizado com duração de 27 semanas, com poedeiras da linhagem Shaver Brown em produção, seu objetivo foi avaliar a mobilização de cálcio e fósforo ósseos para a formação da casca dos ovos, assim como, acompanhar as variações na qualidade óssea ao longo do ciclo de produção. Foram utilizadas 64 aves. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (porcentagem de cálcio na dieta) e quatro repetições de oito aves cada. As dietas utilizadas foram isoprotéicas e isocalóricas, com níveis adequados (3,8%) e baixos (1,8%) de cálcio. Realizaram-se análises densidade mineral óssea (DMO) das tíbias e fêmures às 16, 22, 28, 34 e 40 semanas de idade. Após cada coleta radiográfica 4 aves por tratamento, foi abatida para realização de análise de resistência óssea (RO), índice Seedor (IS), teor de matéria seca (MS), teor de minerais totais (MIN) e os teores de cálcio e fósforo (Ca e P). Os valores de produção de ovos, produção de massa de ovos e qualidade da casca também foram avaliados. Foi possível concluir que as aves mobilizaram minerais ósseos para a produção de ovos, independentemente do tratamento e que as aves que receberam dietas com níveis baixos de cálcio tiveram a qualidade das cascas dos ovos prejudicadas.
Aditivos em silagem de capim elefante paraíso (Pennisetum hybridum cv. paraíso)
Authors: Ferrari Junior E. , Paulino V. T. , Possenti R. A. , Lucenas T. L.
Published: February 2021

No Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, Brasil, estudou-se o capim Pennisetum hybridum cv. Paraíso, com vistas ao processo de ensilagem. Aos 100 dias de idade, foi cortado e ensilado conforme os seguintes tratamentos: 1) capim paraíso (CP) sem aditivo, 2) CP + 5% de polpa cítrica, 3) CP + 10% de adição de polpa cítrica, 4) CP + 1% de óxido de cálcio e 5) CP + aditivo comercial (Silomax), em delineamento em blocos ao acaso (5 tratamentos x 4 repetições). As porcentagens de MS, PB, DIVMS e ácido lático aumentaram com a adição de polpa cítrica. A FDN e FDA decresceram para este mesmo aditivo. A adição de óxido de cálcio não favoreceu a qualidade da silagem. O aditivo comercial (Silomax) controlou a fermentação indesejável, com exceção do tratamento com óxido de cálcio, os outros tratamentos apresentaram características nutricionais e fermentativas adequadas ao processo de ensilagem para o capim paraíso.
Perdas e valor nutritivo da silagem de capim-tanzânia amonizado com uréia
Authors: Oliveira H. C. , Pires A. J. V. , Oliveira A. C. , Rocha Neto A. L. , Matos Neto U. , Carvalho G. G. P. , Veloso C. M. , Oliveira U. L. C.
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar as perdas por efluente e por gases e as alterações na composição bromatológica e na digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da silagem de capim-Tanzânia (Panicum maximum) amonizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em um esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo (quatro doses de uréia 0; 0,25; 0,5 e 0,75% base na matéria seca e dois períodos de tratamento 30 e 60 dias), com quatro repetições. As perdas por gases da silagem foram influenciadas, apresentando efeito quadrático negativo (p
Respuesta fisiológica de adaptación de bovinos al estrés durante el transporte de larga duración en Nigeria
Authors: Eniolorunda O. O. , Fashina O. E. , Aro O. O.
Published: February 2021

Los efectos del estrés de transporte sobre la temperatura rectal (RT), tasa respiratoria (RR), frecuencia cardiaca (HR) y frecuencia de pulso (PR) fueron evaluados en animales maduros de las razas bovinas White Fulani (WF) y Sokoto Gudali (SG) en un experimento factorial 2 x 5. Un total de 24 toros (12 de cada raza) fueron sometidos al estrés derivado de los procedimientos de carga, descarga y alojamiento. Todas las medidas de fisiología adaptativa en los animales experimentales, fueron tomadas antes de la carga e inmediatamente después de la carga. Esas variables fueron registradas de nuevo en la zona de alojamiento 0, 6 y 12 horas después del transporte, para establecer el tiempo de respuesta al estrés. La (RT) tasa respiratoria, frecuencia cardiaca (HR) y frecuencia de pulso (PR) fueron más elevadas (p
Enfriamiento artificial y tasa de concepción de vaquillas holstein con estrés térmico
Authors: Correa-Calderón A. , Des Santos G. , Avendaño L. , Rivera F. , Alvarez D. , Ardon F. , Diaz R. , Collier R.
Published: February 2021

Las altas temperaturas afectan la reproducción del ganado bovino reduciendo la intensidad del estro y la fertilidad. Basado en lo anterior el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la inseminación artificial (IA) a tiempo fijo más un período corto de enfriamiento ambiental sobre la tasa de concepción y respuesta fisiológica de vaquillas bajo estrés calórico. Noventa vaquillas Holstein fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en uno de los siguientes tratamientos: Un tratamiento testigo (T1) con detección visual de estro e IA mañana-tarde (n= 30); un segundo tratamiento (T2) bajo un protocolo de IA a tiempo fijo (n= 30) y un tercer tratamiento (T3) con el mismo protocolo de IA de T2 más un período de enfriamiento ambiental (ventilación y aspersión) de las vaquillas 11 d antes y 21 d después de la IA (n= 30). El experimento se dividió en dos períodos: el primero del 25 de junio al 26 de julio; el segundo del 15 de agosto al 16 de septiembre. En el primer periodo las vaquillas en T3 tuvieron una temperatura rectal (39,35oC) más baja (p