bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La pasión explosiva: una conceptualización de la ira política
Authors: Garzón Vallejo Iván
Published: October 2024

In recent years, anger has emerged as a crucial category for analyzing contemporary political phenomena such as democratic elections, protests, collective violence, social movements, and crises of institutional representation. However, it has also become a vague or empty signifier among commentators and journalists trying to describe these events. This article begins with a brief philosophical overview of anger, tracing its evolution from Greco-Roman antiquity to the French Revolution. This historical journey sets the stage for the second part, where the article proposes a conceptualization of political anger through three contemporary shifts: first, a shift toward a realistic understanding that diminishes the relevance of the negationist perspective rooted in ancient and Enlightenment moral, philosophical, and theological views; second, a shift toward a collective and political dimension that has overshadowed individual ethical or religious interpretations; and third, a shift toward the ethical and moral legitimization of anger. For political anger to transcend its status as an empty signifier, as has often happened in Western public debate since 2016, it must be conceptualized as an emotion that is explanatory—identifying the passionate motivation or justice-driven response behind countless recent political phenomena—political—recognizing the latent presence of thymos in various contemporary expressions—and comparative—considering historical, geographical, national contexts and related emotions like hatred and resentment. The ways in which anger is used, abused, expressed, and represented are shaped by the contexts, actors, and causes in which it is experienced as a potentially explosive passion.
La ira y la salud física y psicológica. Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Palop-Larrea Vicente
Published: October 2024

With the advent of modern Medicine, the connections between emotions and medical conditions have primarily been described through observational studies, where conclusions are drawn from correlations of observations rather than experimental research. Psychoanalytical theory has often been used to explain many common illnesses. This approach remains prevalent today. Interestingly, despite the wealth of information now available on the influence of emotions on health, the current divide between neurology and psychiatry, as well as the separation between mental health services and primary care, combined with the time constraints and physicians’ workload, have led to a fragmented approach to many disorders. In these cases, psychological and emotional factors play an important role but are often inadequately addressed. The objective of this paper is to analyse the existing evidence on the relationship between anger and health through a narrative review. The evidence and data presented point to the need for analytical studies based on scientific methodology to explore the relationship between anger and health, and particularly to adopt an integral health approach taking into account social determinants and the role of empathy among the healthcare professionals and clinical and social care. The prevention and treatment of problems related to the high prevalence and intensity of anger are particularly relevant, given the potential negative impact this emotion can have on patients’ physical and mental health, as well as their social adjustment and relationships.
Immediate Effect of Breath Stacking and Buteyko Breathing on Physiological Parameters in post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: A Research Protocol of a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Mehta Deeksha , Mehra Pooja , Kaul Geetanjali , Verma Nitesh
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is frequently performed in acute, chronic, symptomatic, and asymptomatic cholelithiasis. It is simple, safer, and requires less recovery time than open cholecystectomy, which is why this procedure is increasingly utilised for various abdominal surgeries. Patients may experience postoperative pulmonary problems during the recovery phase and as per available literature there is a noticeable decline in the vital capacity of the patient. It was observed that Buteyko breathing and breath stacking breathing techniques has a good impact on the physiological parameters and vital capacity of patients with hypertension, asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and other respiratory conditions. Need of the study: Buteyko breathing and breath stacking breathing techniques are effective in different conditions like hypertension, asthma, and cardiac surgery. The need of the study is to compare both techniques and find out which one is more effective and implement that with the standard exercises in the patients to help them improve their quality of life, reduce hospital stay, and improve lung capacity. Aim: To compare the effects of the Breath Stacking Technique (BST) and Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) on the physiological parameters of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: This will be a randomised controlled trial in which 140 patients will be included using purposive sampling via block randomisation. The study will be conducted in Surgery Intensive Care Unit (SICU) of Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, from December 2023 to May 2024. Patients in Group-A will perform the BBT and Group-B will perform the BST. Each cycle of breathing consists of five repetitions with five sets and 30 seconds of rest in between. Outcome measures will be taken at baseline and after intervention on Postoperative Day 1 (POD). The normality of the data will be checked by KolmogorovSmirnov test. A paired t-test will be used if the data is normal, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test will be used if the data is non-normal. A p-value < 0.05 will be considered significant.
Validation and Analysis of an Integrated Device for Recording Bite Force and Masseter Muscle Activity in Dentate Participants: An Observational Study
Authors: Mani Umamaheswari , Arun Aishwarya , Mohamed Kasim
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The success of any prosthetic rehabilitation depends on acceptable occlusion and muscle coordination. Occlusal therapy should be an integral part of restorative and prosthetic treatment. A thorough diagnosis of bite force and muscle activity is required to ensure the patient’s masticatory function and comfort. The current system of digitisation lacks devices for the simultaneous evaluation of muscle activity and occlusal bite force, representing a significant limitation in understanding and managing restorative and rehabilitation therapy. Aim: To assess the efficacy of an ingeniously designed integrated device that records occlusal bite force and muscle activity. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted among 112 healthy volunteers in the Department of Prosthodontics at Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, for a period of one month and 45 days, from February 5, 2024 to March 20, 2024. The study aimed to validate the efficacy of a device designed to record bite force and muscle action potential simultaneously. The device consists of two key components: a square Forcesensitive Resistor (FSR) that records changes in resistance in response to applied force and a MyoWare 2.0 muscle sensor with Arduino (Advancer Technologies) for measuring the electrical activity of muscles. Study participants, aged between 21 and 35 years, were seated in an upright position. Muscle activity was recorded with surface electrodes placed on the masseter region, following Surface Electromyography for the Non Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM) guidelines, while a ground electrode was placed on the neck. Maximum Bite Force (MBF) was measured by placing intraoral pressure sensors, with recordings taken in maximum intercuspation three times, spaced one minute apart for each recording. Both muscle activity and bite force were recorded simultaneously. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between bite forces and muscle action potential with standard average values. Results: The results revealed a strong positive correlation between the masseter muscle activity action potential and the bite force values of the right molar (r=0.964, p<0.001), left molar (r=0.980, p<0.001) and incisor (r=0.550, p=0.002). Conclusion: The device synergistically records muscle activation patterns and bite force distribution, displaying the values in an integrated digital interface. The results of the study reveal that this device can serve as a diagnostic tool in prosthodontic treatment planning.
Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Techniques in Forecasting Cereal Yield for Shri Ganganagar Region, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Chhabra Yash , Rawat Shraddha , Gautam Shweta
Published: October 2024

One of agriculture's most difficult issues is predicting crop yield. Crop yield forecasting enables necessary decisions to be made to guarantee food security. The current study looks into the use of statistical and machine learning approaches for wheat and rice yield prediction using long-term weather and yield data of ShriGanganagar, Rajasthan, India. Weather-based models may give accurate crop production estimates, but choosing the right model for agricultural output projections can be difficult. As a result, different models were compared in this study to determine the best model for rice and wheat yield prediction including Multiple linear regression (SMLR), Artificial neural network (ANN), Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Elastic net (ELNET), Ridge regression, and K-nearest neighbor (K-NN). K-NN outperformed ANN in rice crops and fared better in wheat crops based on the lowest nRMSE value. Ridge regression based on nRMSE was the next best model for Rice yield prediction in the examined region, and KNN was the second best model for Wheat crop.
Response of Construction Industry to Carbon Neutrality: A Case Study on Taiwan, Thailand, and Japan
Authors: Lin Jeng-Yuan
Published: October 2024

Large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases have contributed to global warming, leading to extreme weather events worldwide and posing a serious threat to human survival. Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to this phenomenon. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has established a global consensus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve carbon neutrality. This study focused on the construction industry, a major contributor to carbon emissions, by exploring the strategies and business models employed by construction companies in three Asian countries to achieve carbon neutrality. This study aimed to explore the current state of the construction industry in both developed (Japan) and developing (Taiwan and Thailand) countries in Asia by analyzing the following: their progress toward net-zero emissions; the implementation of environmental, social, and governance criteria policy; and the alignment with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Specifically, this study examined how the construction industries in these countries promote carbon neutrality when implementing construction projects while simultaneously contributing to environmental and  social welfare to enhance long-term corporate competitiveness. Overall, environmental, social, and governance performance has become a crucial global standard for corporate investment evaluation.
Challenges Experienced by Women in Accessing Loan from Women Development Fund in Arusha: A Case of Arusha District Council
Authors: Massawe Godcryson P. , Mhina Juma Almasi
Published: October 2024

Various economic empowerment programs and strategies have been introduced to improve the welfare of marginalized groups, particularly women. One such initiative is the Women Development Fund (WDF) in the Arusha District Council, Tanzania, which was established to provide financial support to women in the region. However, despite its aims, women often face significant challenges when trying to access loans from the fund. This study aims to explore the specific challenges women encounter when seeking loans from the WDF in Arusha District Council. A sample of 60 women beneficiaries was selected as respondents for this study. Data collection methods included household surveys, with community development officers serving as key informants through interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and analyzed, with findings presented in frequency tables and percentages. The results revealed that women beneficiaries faced multiple challenges in accessing loans. Loan delays were the most frequently reported issue, followed by other obstacles such as excessive bureaucracy, low risk-bearing capacity, sexual harassment, financial bribery, and erotic bribery. These barriers hinder women’s ability to secure the financial resources needed to improve their economic standing. Based on these findings, the study recommends that local government authorities, including the Arusha City Council, implement feedback mechanisms to address loan processing issues and support women beneficiaries more effectively. Additionally, women themselves are encouraged to improve their financial literacy and understanding of financial products and services, particularly those related to WDF loans, to increase their access to and success with such programs.
Election Voting Trend Prediction System
Authors: Emeto I. C. , Elenwo D.C. , Anthony U.W. , Shawulu J.C , Ajayi C.O , Galadima A.A
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the use of Bayesian networks and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms for predicting election results. Our motivation stemmed from the complexities of the election data available, which spans over 120,000 voting locations across 36 states in Nigeria, and the requirement to develop a procedure that takes into consideration voter trends that are influenced by political parties seeking to win. The system architecture's translation was utilised, and the prototyping methodology was adopted. In order to realize the requirements, the system was designed and implemented using Java and MySQL in accordance with specifications. Since the outcome is positive, it can serve as a benchmark for further study in this field, particularly when it comes to using data mining tools to analyze election results.
Enhancing Accessibility and Engagement in Computer Science Education for Diverse Learners
Authors: Wiredu Japheth Kodua , Abuba Nelson Seidu , Acheampong Reuben Wiredu
Published: October 2024

This study investigates strategies to transform perceptions of computer science, with the primary objective of identifying educational interventions that can effectively reduce barriers faced by underrepresented groups in computer science education. Historically, this field has been perceived as dominated by complex mathematics and programming, which, reinforced by societal stereotypes, deters many from pursuing careers in technology. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys, interviews, and case studies, the research identifies key barriers, such as gender disparities and misconceptions, while evaluating the effectiveness of various pedagogical approaches and outreach initiatives. Findings reveal that students often struggle with foundational courses, particularly in mathematics and programming concepts. Specific challenges include difficulties in grasping abstract concepts and a lack of confidence in technical skills. However, interventions like interactive teaching methods, mentorship programs, and the incorporation of real-world applications significantly enhance student engagement and academic performance. Active learning strategies and gender-sensitive curricula not only foster more inclusive environments but also enable all students to thrive. The research emphasizes practical recommendations for educators and policymakers, highlighting the need for systemic changes to promote inclusivity in computer science education. Ultimately, these findings contribute to fostering a more diverse and inclusive tech industry, underscoring the broader significance of creating equitable opportunities for all learners in the field.
Effect of Solid-state Fermentation on Proximate Composition of Rice Bran Meal
Authors: A. H. Ishaku, , M. E. Ali, , E. Kela, , R. Bonjoru,
Published: October 2024

Fish farming is often faced with high feed cost comprising approximately 60 to75% of total production costs; these causes decrease in profit margin for the fish farmers. An attempt to upsurge the profit is to minimize the cost of feed as minimal as possible. One way to do this is to explore local feed ingredients that could be used as an alternatives for fish feed. Consequently, farmers use locally available fish feed ingredients including agricultural by-products. These feed ingredients have led to increased pond productivity due to their nutrients constituent and bio-availability. This study evaluate the effect of solid state fermentation on proximate compositions of fermented rice bran meal. Rice bran was collected in three different containers, ground into powder, then sieved and fermented using solid state fermentation procedure. Each sample was solidly fermented at 10% moisture and keep in fermenter at ambient temperature for 24 hours (1 day), 96 hours (4 days), and 168 hours (7 days). Afterward, the fermented samples were oven dried for one hour at 100oC. The fermented samples were taken to the laboratory for proximate analysis. The results obtained from the study shows that, fermenting rice bran for seven days (168hrs) increases the crude protein from 10.53±1.27 to 15.07±1.43 and reduction in crude fibre from 10.74±062 to 7.87±1.71. This study revealed that, solid state fermentation of rice bran meal for one to seven days improved the crude protein and reduces crude fibre and the fermented bran meal can be incorporated as an essential part of the fish feed.
Assessment of Activated Charcoal and Phosphorus for Promoting Maize Production
Authors: Hashesh Wafaa M. , Abd-Elmabod Sameh K. , Abou-Baker Nesreen H.
Published: October 2024

The most continuous farming practice is the yearly addition of phosphorus fertilizers to soils in arid and semi-arid regions that all suffer from shortages of phosphorus availability. A vital approach is rationalizing applied fertilizers and trying to benefit from their reservoir in yearly-fertilized old soils using an activated charcoal-fertilizer mixture. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at a private farm in Mushtuhur, Toukh, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. This trial was set up to study the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer sources (phosphoric acid Ph.A and super phosphate S.Ph), the P application rates (P0=control, P1=50%, P2=75% and P3=100% of P requirements), activated charcoal (A.Ch) rates (A.Ch0=control, A.Ch1=1, A.Ch2=3 and A.Ch3=5 g/hole, corresponding to 41, 124, and 207 kg ha-1, respectively) and the interaction between them on promoting maize growth, production and its nutrient status. Generally, adding phosphorus improved plant height (m), dry grains (t ha-1), and ash yield (t ha-1) without a significant difference between all P rates. Phosphoric acid affects most studied parameters, mainly the biological, ear, and ash yield (t ha-1); it was the best compared with superphosphate. Adding the 1st rate of A.Ch improved the studied growth and yield parameters significantly compared with the control. Slight enhancement was induced by the 2nd A.Ch dose, and there was no significant difference between the 3rd and 4th rates in most studied parameters. The heighest value of grain yield resulted from the third interaction between A. Ch3 x P0, followed by A. Ch2 x P0, and the next is Ph.A x A. Ch2 x P1 without significant difference among them. These results shed light on the fact that there is no need to add P fertilizers yearly, as described by the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture. Different materials can move the fixed P in old clayey soil, such as A.Ch.
Comparative Study of Producer’s Post-Harvest Practices and Quality of Cashew Nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) Produced in Five Localities of Sub-prefecture of Katogo, Far North of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Souleymane Soumahoro , Fabrice Zoro Armel , Liliane Kouamé Maïmouna , Abdramane Soro Sibirina , Abdoulaye Touré , Réné Soro Yadé
Published: October 2024

Post-harvest practices of cashew nuts by producers are essential for improving the quality of cashew nuts. This study was carried out to contribute to improving the quality of cashew nuts produced in 5 localities in the Katogo sub-prefecture. Socilogical survey and post-harvest practices were carried out among producers in Sologneugo, Kaniéné, Koliani, Nidienkaha and Tiorotieri in order to evaluate these practices on the quality of cashew nuts. Quality parameters of the cashew nuts produced were determined according to the quality criteria defined by the Ivorian standard. Study revealed non-compliance with certain CCA (cotton council cashew) instructions. In the 5 localities, 44% of producers stored nuts in homes compared to 56% in stores. In addition, 30% of floor storage was achieved compared to 52% on boards and 18% on bricks. Drying carried out for 3 days was carried out by 55% of producers while those who carried out beyond 3 days represented 45%. Determination of the quality parameters of the 5 localities revealed values varying from 7 to 8.55%; 65 to 143 nuts/Kg; 3 to 61% and 48.40 to 49.80 Ib respectively for humidity, graining, defect rate and KOR. Non-compliance with the application of post-harvest operations has negatively impacted the quality of cashew nuts produced in the 5 localities. Producers in these localities must be made aware of respecting post-harvest operations in order to improve their income.
A Comprehensive Review on Quinoa
Authors: Nirmala Kale Bala , Sinha Mukul
Published: October 2024

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is pseudocereal that has survived in the Andean region's tough bioclimatic conditions since time immemorial. This crop is still widely grown in the Bolivian and Peruvian areas. Many countries are expressing interest currently because of its wide agro-ecological adaptability and its ability to provide food security in developing countries. Quinoa is also incredibly healthy due to its high protein content, which includes all essential amino acids, gluten-free, PUFA and mineral content, which includes calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and potassium, as well as flavonoids. Based on its diverse qualities, FAO declared 2013 to be the "International Year of Quinoa." Gluten free cereal grains with great amounts of nutrients and can replace wheat in various food products. Quinoa is one of those cereals which have all – in it.
Advances in the Improvement of Oncidium History and Perspectives
Authors: M.S Aswini, , Thomas Beena
Published: October 2024

Oncidium orchids, commonly known as “dancing lady orchids,” represent a diverse genus with significant horticultural and commercial value. Breeding programs aimed at improving Oncidium species and hybrids have developed over the past few decades, driven by their ornamental characteristics such as flower colour, size, form, fragrance and disease resistance. This review explores the traditional and modern approaches used in Oncidium orchid breeding, including classical hybridisation, mutagenesis, polyploidy and some biotechnological advancements such as tissue culture and molecular markers. Furthermore, the challenges and potential future directions in breeding Oncidium orchids, including the development of novel traits are discussed.
Microbial and Heavy Metal Evaluation of Sachet Drinking Water in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Donkor Bismark Senyo , Mills-Robertson Felix Charles , Sedeafor Richard
Published: October 2024

Aim: To study microbial and heavy metal composition in sachet drinking water in the Hohoe municipality in the Volta Region of Ghana.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Hohoe Municipality in the Volta region of Ghana and laboratory analyses were carried out at the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology between June 2018 and May 2019.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Methodology: The study was conducted on three samples each of eight different brands of sachet water randomly selected across various towns from street vendors in the Hohoe Municipality for microbial and chemical analyses. 10ml of each sample was aliquoted under sterile conditions and cultured overnight in nutrient media. Enumeration and qualitative analyses of bacteria were performed using the pour plate method. For heavy metal analysis, 5 ml of concentrated HNO3 was added to 40 ml of each sample and heated at 100 °C for 20–30 minutes to reduce the volume to 20 ml. 30ml of distilled water was subsequently added and the mixture was analyzed using flame atomic absorption Spectroscopy.
Results: Out of total twenty-four samples analyzed, 50% of the sachet water was contaminated with total and fecal coliforms with the highest average coliform forming unit (cfu/ml) being 16.2 x 105 cfu/ml and the least 0.01 x 105 cfu/ml. There were Klebsiella spp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination in 50% of the sachet drinking water but Salmonella spp and E. coli were absent in all brands. Chromium was detected to be within the range of 0.40mg/L - 0.56mg/L in the sachet water while zinc was in the range of 0.03mg/L– 0.94mg/L. Chromium concentration in all sachet brands were above the WHO standard while zinc was within the acceptable range. Cadmium and lead were below detectable limits (BDL).
Conclusion: This study indicated that some of the sachet drinking water sold in the Hohoe Municipality is impure for human consumption. Inappropriate water purification procedures and improper handling of sachet water play a significant role in determining the overall quality of sachet drinking water.
The Future of Renewable Energy: Ethical Implications of AI and Cloud Technology in Data Security and Environmental Impact
Authors: Dibie Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud technology into renewable energy systems presents a significant opportunity to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of energy production, distribution, and management. These technologies enable real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance, and improved decision-making, essential for managing variable renewable energy sources. However, the ethical implications, such as data security, privacy concerns, and the environmental footprint of cloud infrastructure, remain underexplored. This paper addresses the research gap by analyzing these ethical challenges through two detailed case studies: AI-driven smart grids and green data centers. The case studies highlight practical issues like cyberattacks, data breaches, algorithmic bias, and the sustainability of data centers. The paper proposes a comprehensive ethical framework, focusing on fairness, transparency, and environmental responsibility, to guide the responsible adoption of AI and cloud technologies in the renewable energy sector. The findings provide critical insights into balancing technological innovation with ethical considerations, fostering a sustainable and equitable energy transition.
Development of Composite Adsorptive Biosorbent from \(H_3PO_4-NaOH-BaCl_2\) Modified Almond Shell: Experimental and Statistical Approach
Authors: Dada Ebenezer O. , Adesola Nafisat A. , Alagbe Solomon O. , Olaniyi Tijani, I. , Akinjobi Tawakalit A. , Afolabi Tinuade J. , Alade Abass O.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to use an experimental and statistical approach to develop a cost-effective composite adsorptive biosorbent from acid, base and salt-modified biomass. Almond Shell samples were washed, milled to uniform particle sizes (425 µm) and then modified with H3PO4, NaOH, and BaCl2 separately. The three active samples were combined to form a tricomposite biosorbent based on the Simple Lattice Design (SLD) under the Mixture Methodology of the Design Expert Software (11.0.1), within the ranges of 20-60%. The adsorptive capacity of each within tricomposite consisting of different percentage compositions of the modified Almond shell samples was investigated based on the Methylene Blue Number (MBN) Test. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity (MBN) of 896.12 mg/g was obtained from the tricomposite almond shell comprising mixture ratio of 20% (H3PO4), 20% (NaOH) and 60% BaCl2. The combination is well fitted to Linear Model () with Std. Dev. of 13.25, R² of 0.6452, Adjusted R² of 0.5565, Predicted R² of 0.4566 and Adeq Precision of 8.472 (>4). The numerical optimization of the experimental data was obtained at 0.980 desirability. The experimental values obtained were in good agreement with the predicted values from the models, with relatively small errors (0.13%) between the predicted and the actual values. This shows that the optimisation process via the SLD was very fit and reliable.
Idealized modeling of convective organization with changing sea surface temperatures using multiple equilibria in weak temperature gradient simulations
Authors: Sentić Stipo , Sessions Sharon L.
Published: May 2017

The weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation is a method of parameterizing the influences of the large scale on local convection in limited domain simulations. WTG simulations exhibit multiple equilibria in precipitation; depending on the initial moisture content, simulations can precipitate or remain dry for otherwise identical boundary conditions. We use a hypothesized analogy between multiple equilibria in precipitation in WTG simulations, and dry and moist regions of organized convection to study tropical convective organization. We find that the range of wind speeds that support multiple equilibria depends on sea surface temperature (SST). Compared to the present SST, low SSTs support a narrower range of multiple equilibria at higher wind speeds. In contrast, high SSTs exhibit a narrower range of multiple equilibria at low wind speeds. This suggests that at high SSTs, organized convection might occur with lower surface forcing. To characterize convection at different SSTs, we analyze the change in relationships between precipitation rate, atmospheric stability, moisture content, and the large‐scale transport of moist entropy and moisture with increasing SSTs. We find an increase in large‐scale export of moisture and moist entropy from dry simulations with increasing SST, which is consistent with a strengthening of the up‐gradient transport of moisture from dry regions to moist regions in organized convection. Furthermore, the changes in diagnostic relationships with SST are consistent with more intense convection in precipitating regions of organized convection for higher SSTs.
Seismic shaking in the North China Basin expected from ruptures of a possible seismic gap
Authors: Duan Benchun , Liu Dunyu , Yin An
Published: May 2017

A 160 km long seismic gap, which has not been ruptured over ~8000 years, was identified recently in North China. In this study, we use a dynamic source model and a newly available high‐resolution 3‐D velocity structure to simulate long‐period ground motion (up to 0.5 Hz) from possibly worst case rupture scenarios of the seismic gap. We find that the characteristics of the earthquake source and the local geologic structure play a critical role in controlling the amplitude and distribution of the simulated strong ground shaking. Rupture directivity and slip asperities can result in large‐amplitude (i.e., >1 m/s) ground shaking near the fault, whereas long‐duration shaking may occur within sedimentary basins. In particular, a deep and closed Quaternary basin between Beijing and Tianjin can lead to ground shaking of several tens of cm/s for more than 1 min. These results may provide a sound basis for seismic mitigation in one of the most populated regions in the world.
The impact on the ozone layer from NOx produced by terrestrial gamma ray flashes
Authors: Cramer E. S. , Briggs M. S. , Liu N. , Mailyan B. , Dwyer J. R. , Rassoul H. K.
Published: May 2017

The motivation of this work is to understand the effects of terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) on the ozone layer. One of the main ozone‐destroying mechanisms is the production of NOx in the stratospheric region. NOx from lightning has been considered as a possible cause of ozone depletion, but probably little of this NOx is transported from the tropopause to the stratosphere. Since the energetic particles of TGFs travel from ≈12 km to space, the resulting ionization can produce NOx directly in the stratosphere. In order to quantify the production of stratospheric NOx from TGFs, we use the Runaway Electron Avalanche Model to simulate a typical setup of the acceleration region inside a thundercloud. The photons are then transported through the Earth's atmosphere, where they deposit some of their energy as ionization in the ozone layer. We then calculate the number of NOx molecules produced by considering the average energy required to produce one electron‐ion pair. Finally, the effect of TGF NOx production is estimated using the global annual rate of TGFs. It is estimated that the NOx production of TGFs is completely negligible compared to other sources, and therefore, TGFs have no effect on the ozone layer.
The rapid yet uneven turnover of Earth's groundwater
Authors: Befus Kevin M. , Jasechko Scott , Luijendijk Elco , Gleeson Tom , Bayani Cardenas M.
Published: May 2017

The turnover of groundwater through recharge drives many processes throughout Earth's surface and subsurface. Yet groundwater turnover rates and their relationship to regional climate and geology remain largely unknown. We estimated that over 200 × 106 km3 of groundwater has recharged since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which is 10 times the volume of global groundwater storage. However, flushing is very unevenly distributed throughout Earth's one million watersheds, with some aquifers turned over thousands of times to others with <1% turnover. The median global groundwater turnover of 5 ± 3 times since the LGM highlights groundwater's active role in Earth system processes. Incomplete groundwater turnover since the LGM beneath a third of land areas reveals the imprint of relict climate conditions on modern‐day groundwater resources. The bulk groundwater turnover calculated here enables better quantification of groundwater's impact in dynamic global water budgets and the transport of nutrients, contaminants, and geologic weathering products.
Footprints of spontaneous fluid redistribution on capillary pressure in porous rock
Authors: Helland Johan Olav , Friis Helmer André , Jettestuen Espen , Skjæveland Svein M.
Published: May 2017

Pore‐scale imaging of two‐phase flow in porous media shows that pore filling occurs as cooperative events with accompanying spontaneous fluid redistribution in other parts of the pore space. We present a level set method that controls saturation quasi‐statically to model experiments controlled by low, constant flow rates and demonstrate that our method can describe the observed displacement mechanisms. The level set approach determines states of capillary equilibrium, which generally are different for displacement protocols constrained by saturation and pressure. Saturation‐controlled simulations of drainage in sandstone show spontaneous fluid redistributions with abrupt pressure jumps and cooperative behavior, including snap‐off and interface retraction events, consistent with experimental observations. Drainage capillary pressure curves are lower when saturation, rather than pressure, controls displacement. Remarkably, these effects are less significant for imbibition processes where the development of hydraulically connected wetting phase moderates the cooperative behavior and associated pressure jumps.
First report of resonant interactions between whistler mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Wang Shui
Published: May 2017

Nonlinear physics related to whistler mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere are now becoming a hot topic. In this letter, based on Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms waveform data, we report several interesting whistler mode wave events, where the upper band whistler mode waves are believed to be generated through the nonlinear wave‐wave coupling between two lower band waves. This is the first report on resonant interactions between whistler mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. In these events, the two lower band whistler mode waves are observed to have oppositely propagating directions, while the generated upper band wave has the same propagating direction as the lower band wave with the relatively higher frequency. Moreover, the wave normal angle of the excited upper band wave is usually larger than those of two lower band whistler mode waves. Our results reveal the large diversity of the evolution of whistler mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Dependence of the amplitude of magnetosonic waves on the solar wind and AE index using Van Allen Probes
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Chan , Shprits Yuri
Published: May 2017

We present the dependence of the magnetosonic wave amplitudes both outside and inside the plasmapause on the solar wind and AE index using Van Allen Probe‐A spacecraft during the time period of 1 October 2012 to 31 December 2015, based on a correlation and regression analysis. Solar wind parameters considered are the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF BS), solar wind number density (NSW), and bulk speed (VSW). We find that the wave amplitudes outside (inside) the plasmapause are well correlated with the preceding AE, IMF BS, and NSW with time delays, each corresponding to 2–3 h (3–4 h), 4–5 h (3–4 h), and 2–3 h (8–9 h), while the correlation with VSW is ambiguous both inside and outside the plasmapause. As measured by the correlation coefficient, the IMF BS is the most influential solar wind parameter that affects the dayside wave amplitudes both outside and inside the plasmapause, while NSW contributes to enhancing the duskside waves outside the plasmapause. The AE effect on wave amplitudes is comparable to that of IMF BS. More interestingly, regression with time histories of the solar wind parameters and the AE index preceding the wave measurements outside the plasmapause shows significant dependence on the IMF BS, NSW, and AE: the region of peak coefficients is changed with time delay for IMF BS and AE, while isolated peaks around duskside remain gradually decrease with time for NSW. In addition, the regression with magnetosonic waves inside the plasmapause shows high coefficients around prenoon sector with preceding IMF BS and VSW.
Novel Composite Foam Concept for Head Protection in Oblique Impacts
Authors: Mosleh Yasmine , Vander Sloten Jos , Depreitere Bart , Ivens Jan
Published: May 2017

Rotational acceleration experienced by the head during oblique impacts is known to cause traumatic brain injuries. It is hypothesized that shear properties of a foam layer, used for head protection (e.g., protective helmet liners, headliners in cars) can be related to the extent of rotational acceleration transmitted to the head. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that by introducing anisotropy in a foam layer, rotational acceleration can be mitigated. In this study, an anisotropic composite foam concept is proposed to mitigate head rotational acceleration, hence reducing the risk of traumatic brain injuries. The composite foam concept introduces anisotropy in a foam at the “macro level”, combining different densities of foam in layered and quasi‐fiber/matrix configurations. The performance of expanded polystyrene (EPS) composite foams in quasi‐static compression and combined shear‐compression loading and also linear and oblique impact experiments, has been compared with the performance of single layer EPS foam of similar thickness and density. The results of oblique head impact have been analyzed by global head injury criteria such as HIC, HICrot, and HIP. The composite foam concept demonstrates a great potential to be utilized in applications such as protective helmets due to the significant mitigation of brain injury risk.
Covalently Adaptable Elastin‐Like Protein–Hyaluronic Acid (ELP–HA) Hybrid Hydrogels with Secondary Thermoresponsive Crosslinking for Injectable Stem Cell Delivery
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Zhu Danqing , Paul Alexandra , Cai Lei , Enejder Annika , Yang Fan , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: May 2017

Shear‐thinning, self‐healing hydrogels are promising vehicles for therapeutic cargo delivery due to their ability to be injected using minimally invasive surgical procedures. An injectable hydrogel using a novel combination of dynamic covalent crosslinking with thermoresponsive engineered proteins is presented. Ex situ at room temperature, rapid gelation occurs through dynamic covalent hydrazone bonds by simply mixing two components: hydrazine‐modified elastin‐like protein (ELP) and aldehyde‐modified hyaluronic acid. This hydrogel provides significant mechanical protection to encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells during syringe needle injection and rapidly recovers after injection to retain the cells homogeneously within a 3D environment. In situ, the ELP undergoes a thermal phase transition, as confirmed by coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy observation of dense ELP thermal aggregates. The formation of the secondary network reinforces the hydrogel and results in a tenfold slower erosion rate compared to a control hydrogel without secondary thermal crosslinking. This improved structural integrity enables cell culture for three weeks postinjection, and encapsulated cells maintain their ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, including chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic cell types. Together, these data demonstrate the promising potential of ELP–HA hydrogels for injectable stem cell transplantation and tissue regeneration.
Synergistic Phase and Disorder Engineering in 1T‐MoSe2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Hydrogen‐Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yin Ying , Zhang Yumin , Gao Tangling , Yao Tai , Zhang Xinghong , Han Jiecai , Wang Xianjie , Zhang Zhihua , Xu Ping , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Song Bo , Jin Song
Published: May 2017

MoSe2 is a promising earth‐abundant electrocatalyst for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER), even though it has received much less attention among the layered dichalcogenide (MX2) materials than MoS2 so far. Here, a novel hydrothermal‐synthesis strategy is presented to achieve simultaneous and synergistic modulation of crystal phase and disorder in partially crystallized 1T‐MoSe2 nanosheets to dramatically enhance their HER catalytic activity. Careful structural characterization and defect characterization using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy correlated with electrochemical measurements show that the formation of the 1T phase under a large excess of the NaBH4 reductant during synthesis can effectively improve the intrinsic activity and conductivity, and the disordered structure from a lower reaction temperature can provide abundant unsaturated defects as active sites. Such synergistic effects lead to superior HER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 152 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for the electrocatalytic current density of j = −10 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1. This work paves a new pathway for improving the catalytic activity of MoSe2 and generally MX2‐based electrocatalysts via a synergistic modulation strategy.
Psychosocial work factors and low back pain in taxi drivers
Authors: Burgel Barbara J. , Elshatarat Rami A.
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Taxi drivers are at high risk for low back pain (LBP).

Aim

Identify the association between psychosocial‐work factors (Job strain, Iso‐strain, effort‐reward imbalance [ERI], unfairness, and mental exertion) and LBP in taxi drivers.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was done with 129 taxi drivers.

Results

Approximately 63% reported LBP in the prior 12 months. Chi square or t‐test analyses identified the associations between demographic, work, health, and psychosocial work factors, and self‐report of LBP in the prior 12 months. Depression, perceived physical exertion, dispatcher and manager support, unfair treatment at work, and unfair treatment due to nationality were significantly associated with LBP in bivariate analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was done to identify the predictors of LBP. High dispatcher support remained the sole significant predictor for lower prevalence of LBP (OR = 0.66, P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Greater understanding of psychosocial work factors may aid in developing interventions to prevent LBP in taxi drivers.
Biofunktionale Mikrogel‐basierte Dünger zur kontrollierten Blattdüngung mit Nährstoffen auf Pflanzen
Authors: Meurer Richard A. , Kemper Steffen , Knopp Sandra , Eichert Thomas , Jakob Felix , Goldbach Heiner E. , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Pich Andrij
Published: May 2017

Die Blattdüngung mit Mikronährstoffen (z. B. Fe3+) bei Pflanzen über einen längeren Zeitraum ist anspruchsvoll und oft aufgrund unzureichender Regenbeständigkeit nicht möglich. Intelligente Versorgungssysteme, die eine Freisetzung von Mikronährstoffen über mehrere Wochen ermöglichen, würden innovative und nachhaltige Lösungen zur Verbesserung der Pflanzengesundheit und der Lebensmittelproduktion im Allgemeinen liefern. Wir berichten über ein neues Versorgungssystem zur Blattdüngung basierend auf funktionalen, pH‐ansprechbaren Biohybrid‐Mikrogelen, die orthogonale Funktionalitäten als Träger der Mikronährstoffe und zum Einsatz von Peptiden (bezeichnet als Ankerpeptide) als Haftungspromotoren auf der Blattoberfläche besitzen. Die Ankerpeptide binden an hydrophobe Oberflächen, bevorzugt an die wachsartigen “Inseln” auf der Blattoberfläche. Unser System benötigt keine Hilfsmittel und kann in wässriger Dispersion beladen, aufbewahrt und angewendet werden. Wir beschreiben sowohl die Synthese und Funktionalisierung der Mikrogele als auch deren Beladung mit Fe3+ Ionen. Abschließend wird ein erfolgreicher Nachweis der Wirksamkeit an Gurkenpflanzen, die an Eisenmangel leiden, präsentiert.
Tunable Self‐Assembly of Diblock Copolymers into Colloidal Particles with Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces
Authors: Lin Zhixing , Liu Shaohua , Mao Wenting , Tian Hao , Wang Nan , Zhang Ninghe , Tian Feng , Han Lu , Feng Xinliang , Mai Yiyong
Published: May 2017

We herein report the tunable self‐assembly of simple block copolymers, namely polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) diblock copolymers, into porous cubosomes with inverse
or
mesophases of controlled unit cell parameters as well as hexasomes with an inverse hexagonal (p6mm) structure, which have been rarely observed in polymer self‐assembly. A new morphological phase diagram was constructed for the solution self‐assembly of PS‐b‐PEO based on the volume fraction of the PS block against the initial copolymer concentration. The formation mechanisms of the cubosomes and hexasomes have also been revealed. This study not only affords a simple system for the controllable preparation and fundamental studies of ordered bicontinuous structures, but also opens up a new avenue towards porous architectures with highly ordered pores.