bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF OXYTETRACYCLINE ON FISH CYPRINUS CARPIO AFTER ACUTE EXPOSURE
Authors: MADHU SHARMA  , JYOTI THAKUR  , SUBHASH VERMA  , PARDEEP SHARMA
Published: December 2019

Objective: Cytotoxicity in blood cells and genotoxic alteration in gill, liver, and kidney of Cyprinus carpio acutely (96 h) exposed to 80 mg/L oxytetracycline (OTC) including a control (non-exposed group) were evaluated in the present study. Genotoxic endpoints reflecting different types of genetic damage in cells of the liver, gill, and kidney were also determined by analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities.

Methods: C. carpio was divided into two groups, one control and others treated with 80 mg/L OTC. After 96 h, sampling was done and slides were prepared for different tissues as well as for measuring polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) frequency in blood. Slides were scored for micronucleus, nuclear abnormalities, swollen cells, and vacuolated cytoplasm.

Results: The hereby data obtained showed a higher and significant increase in the genotoxic effect in all the tissues tested. Furthermore, gill cells showed the highest genotoxic effect followed by liver and kidney, while PCE frequency increases up to 72 h of exposure, on the other hand, a significant decrease in the value was observed at 96 h of exposure.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that OTC has cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on different organs and blood cells of C. carpio at this concentration and suggests gill as sensitive tissue for genotoxic assessment.
EVALUATION OF ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF TREMA ORIENTALIS L. IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: VANITA G KANASE  , JYOTI SINGH
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was aimed at evaluating the antipyretic and antiulcer activity on leaves of Trema orientalis L. (family Cannabaceae) on albino Wistar rats. The antipyretic and antiulcer activity of the ethanolic extract of the T. orientalis L. leaves in three different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) was compared with standard paracetamol and pantoprazole, which was evaluated by employing Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia and ethanol-induced ulcer model. The biochemical parameters such as the volume of gastric juice secretion, pH, total acidity, ulcer index, percentage protection, and lipid peroxidation were also studied.

Methods: T. orientalis leaves were extracted with ethanol by the Soxhlet extraction method. The dried extract was used for further phytochemical and pharmacological analysis. The antipyretic effect was studied using Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia. The ethanol-induced ulcer model was used to study the antiulcer effect.

Results: The percentage yield of ethanolic extract of T. orientalis leaves was found to be 6.71% w/w, respectively. The extract showed significant antipyretic and antiulcer effect when compared with standard paracetamol and pantoprazole.

Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of T. orientalis has significant antipyretic and antiulcer action.
The ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION AT A PEDIATRIC WARD AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA
Authors: FAUNA HERAWATI  , MUHAMAD SATRIA MANDALA PUA UPA  , RIKA YULIA  , RETNOSARI ANDRAJATI
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aims of the study are to describe how antibiotics were used in a pediatric ward and to observe how they were prescribed for infectious diarrheas of bacterial origin indication. Diarrhea or acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common infection diagnoses observed among the hospitalized children. Rehydration therapy is the key treatment for children with diarrhea. With the zinc supplement, the duration of the hospital stay can be reduced. Thus, the decision whether the local or regional health authorities need to provide an antibiotic treatment depends on the etiology of the disease, the patient’s nutritional history and immunological status, and eventually, the severity of the disease. Good anamneses and diagnoses are essential to decide whether antibiotic treatment is required.
Methods: The observation in this study consists of two phases. The first-phase observation was taken from the diagnosis and the number of antibiotics used in 2016 retrospectively calculated from each of the patients’ medical records. Meanwhile, the second phase descriptive observation was prospectively drawn from the stool culture and the number of antibiotics prescribed to 21 inpatient diarrhea children between May 2017 and December 2017. The amount of antibiotic consumption was administered based on defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT).
Results: In 2016, 56% (828/1476) of the patients received antibiotic prescriptions. On average, the DDD per 100 bed-days was 45.57. In the prospective study, six of 21 patients with diarrhea were prescribed antibiotics intravenously. The DOT was 3.5 days and the DDD for these patients was 12.10/100 bed-days.
Conclusion: There was a high consumption rate of antibiotics which was not indicated in each patient’s etiology of diarrhea in the hospital during the period. Thus, the recommendation is to encourage health authorities to judiciously prescribe antibiotics according to the guidelines.
Minimally invasive surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis: transforaminal or oblique lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Sheng Sun-Ren , Geng Yi-Bo , Zhou Kai-Liang , Wu Ai-Min , Wang Xiang-Yang , Ni Wen-Fei
Published: December 2019

Aim:
To compare the outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for degenerative spondylolisthesis transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF).
Materials & methods:
The clinical and surgical characteristics and outcomes of 38 patients with MIS–OLIF and 55 with MIS–TLIF were retrospectively evaluated.
Results:
Procedures and hospital stay were shorter and blood loss was less, with MIS–OLIF than with MIS–OLIF. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were similar. Postoperative changes in disk height and foraminal dimension were greater and patient satisfaction was better with MIS–OLIF than with MIS–TLIF.
Conclusion:
The clinical findings associated with the two procedures were similar; but patients preferred MIS–OLIF, which is less invasive, to MIS–TLIF. Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800019443.
Production of insulin producing cells from cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and their potential in cell therapy
Authors: Babiker Nihad Elsadig , Gassoum Alsadig , Arbab Mohamed Abdelrahman , ALDeaf Sawsan Ahmed Hamed , Fadl-Elmula Imad , Abdelraheem Nahla E. , El-Sheikh Mohamad Ahmed Ali , Musa Hassan Hussein
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were described as adherent cells with a fibroblast-like appearance, have a great capacity for self-renewal while maintaining their multipotency and differentiation into multiple tissues in vivo and in vitro. Methods: MSCs were isolated from cord blood of Sudanese donors using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient density protocol, and differentiate into β- like cells using 3-step protocol. STZ induced diabetic rats were injected intraperitoneally with the differentiated islet β- like cells and blood glucose levels were monitored for seven days. Results: The adherent cell appeared round and sphere after one-week of incubation, and the fibroblast-like colony was strongly attached after three weeks of seeding. The phenotyping of cells showed positivity for CD13, and negativity for CD34, CD45 and HLADR. MSCs were induced into islet-like cells using a 3-step (15-days) protocol. The differentiated cells showed positive diathizone stain and positive imuno-reactivity to anti-human insulin antibody. Secretion of insulin by insulin-producing cells showed positive result with >3.4 u/ml scale reading in high glucose concentration medium. After one-week of transplantation the level of blood glucose was reduced from 410 to 225 mg/dl in the experimental rat. Conclusion: Human UCB-MSCs can be differentiated into insulin-secreting cells invitro, and are able to produce and secrete insulin in response to high glucose concentration in vivo and in vitro.

Keywords: Cord blood, Mesenchymal stem cell, islets β-like cells
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological profile of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith
Authors: Yadav Dinesh Kumar
Published: December 2019

Colebrookea oppositifolia commonly known as ‘Bhaman’ is distributed throughout India from the Himalayas down to Deccan. The plant is used traditionally as such as dermatitis, dysentery, fever, headache, peptic ulcer, haemostatic, wounds, as anti-fertility agent, fungicide, and the roots of the plant has been most widely used for the treatment of epilepsy.. Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities like treating corneal opacity or conjunctivitis, sore eyes due to its anti-inflammatory properties, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, cytotoxic activity, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, antimicrobial, anti-fertility, antipyretic and insecticide. Further, studies reveal the presence of various phytochemical constituents mainly flavone glycosides viz. chrysin, negletein, landenein; leaves contain 5,6,7- tri-methoxyflavone, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, acteoside, and quercetin in the bark; root contains stearic, palmitic, oleic acids, triacontanol, flavone glycoside echioidin, 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone and 4',5,6,7- tetra methoxy flavone; sugars and vitamins have also been isolated from this plant. These studies reveal that Colebrookea oppositifolia is a source of medicinally active compounds and have various pharmacological effects; hence, this drug encourage finding its new therapeutic uses.

Keywords: Colebrookea oppositifolia, wound healing, anticonvulsant, Lamiaceae
Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Laurel (Lauris nobilis L.), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) Essential Oils against Some Fish Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Tural Serpil , Durmaz Yüksel , Urçar Eda , Turhan Sadettin
Published: December 2019

In this study, the antibacterial activity of thyme (TEO), laurel (LEO), rosemary (REO) and parsley essential oils (POE) against different fish pathogens such as Yersinia ruckeri (a, b), Lactococcus garvieae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas veronii was investigated. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and their antibacterial activities were measured by paper disk diffusion method. Significant differences in the antibacterial activity of essential oils, depending on plant source and on bacterial strain, were detected. All essential oils showed inhibitory effect against fish pathogenic bacteria (except PEO against Y. ruckeri (b)), and the inhibition zones ranged from 6.00 to 36.00 mm. The highest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria was determined in TEO with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 26.50 to 36.0 mm, while LEO and REO showed a moderate activity with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 9.50 to 18.50 mm. The PEO illustrated the lowest diameter of inhibition zone against all the test bacteria. Among the tested bacteria, A. veronii was the most sensitive to the inhibitory activity of TEO, LEO and REO, while P. fluorescens was the most resistant. The results suggested that essential oils from thyme, laurel and rosemary can be used as natural antibacterial agents against fish pathogenic bacteria.
O que as páginas dos partidos dizem sobre eles? Análise de redes das páginas oficiais dos partidos políticos brasileiros no facebook
Authors: Sainz Nilton Garcia , Recuero Raquel Da Cunha
Published: December 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender os padrões de conexões existentes nas páginas dos partidos políticos brasileiros no Facebook. A partir de uma coleta de dados realizada pelo Netvizz e da opção “page like network”, analisamos as redes com dois graus de profundidade, observando as conexões das páginas do PSOL, PT, MDB, SDD, PSL e PL, partidos com maior representação na Câmara dos Deputados em 2019, de acordo com a classificação ideológica adotada. A partir disso, utilizando o método de Análise de Redes Sociais, analisamos as métricas do grau de entrada e da modularidade. Como principais resultados, observamos a existência de padrões de conexão entre as páginas dos partidos políticos. Nota-se que existem partidos fortemente conectados a atores políticos, instituições, movimentos sociais e redes de militância, assim como partidos políticos que não possuem conexões com as instituições em sua rede.
DESCOLONIZAR A ARTE
Authors: Conrado Federici  , Marina Guzzo  , Flavia Liberman
Published: December 2019

Este artigo pretende, a partir de uma cartografia sobre o que seria uma arte comunitária ou arte comum, lançar questões sobre nomes, papéis e ações que podem ajudar a delimitar suas contradições e sua potência para construir o que entendemos como esfera pública. É crescente o discurso sobre descolonização em projetos artísticos ou curatoriais. No entanto, ainda são raras as formas de mudar essas práticas para encontrar outras maneiras de fazer e existir, criando em contextos tão desiguais, como encontramos na sociedade brasileira.
“Não deixem a tinta coagular em suas canetas”: por uma escrita orgânica
Authors: Rosa Susel Oliveira
Published: December 2019

Nesse artigo me proponho a exercitar uma “escrita orgânica”, aceitando o convite de Glória Anzaldúa (2000). Com base em minha experiência com minha mãe e Dona Leonor, busco minimamente, perceber o funcionamento do dispositivo da racialidade, tal como Sueli Carneiro (2005) desenvolve. Tendo em mente a responsabilidade em criar novas configurações de poder e de conhecimento, como enfatiza Grada Kilomba (2019), também sugiro a possibilidade de estabelecermos um lugar de escuta a partir da compreensão efetiva do que é lugar de fala, via Djamila Ribeiro (2017).
Hallgatók táblázatkezelési ismerete – különbségek a vélt és valós tudás között
Authors: Bakó Mária , Szilágyi Róbert , Ráthonyi Gergely
Published: December 2019

A felsőoktatásban megkerülhetetlen az informatika oktatása, függetlenül attól, hogy a mai diákok már a Z generációhoz tartoznak és nekik az informatika az élet szerves részét képezi. A szerzők elsődleges célkitűzése az volt, hogy megvizsgálják a felsőoktatásba bekerülő hallgatók vélt és tényleges gyakorlati tudását a táblázatkezelés tekintetében. Ennek megfelelően kialakításra került egy kérdőív és egy gyakorlati feladatsor. A kérdőívben a hallgatók korábbi informatika tanulmányaik megadásán túlmenően értékelniük kellett tudásukat szövegszerkesztés, táblázatkelés és adatbázis-kezelés területek mentén. A gyakorlati felmérés során a hallgatók egy középszintű informatika érettségi Excel feladatsort kellett megoldaniuk. A gyakorlati eredmények tekintetében megfigyelhettük, hogy a felmérésben résztvevők saját tudásuk megítélése gyakran igen nagymértékben eltér a tényleges gyakorlati tudástól. Ami a konkrét eredményeket illeti megállapítottuk, hogy hallgatók felének teljesítménye 20% alatt volt, illetve összességében közel 85%-uk 40% alatt oldotta meg a feladatsort. Elemzésünk azt is kimutatta, hogy az Informatika érettségivel rendelkező hallgatók jelentősen jobb eredményeket értek el.

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Students’ spreadsheet knowledge - differences between

perceived and real knowledge

Teaching Computer Science in higher education is imperative, even though today’s students can be considered to be part of generation Z where technology is an es¬sential part of everyday life. The primary objective of the authors was to examine the perceived and actual knowledge of spreadsheet applications of students entering higher education. A questionnaire and a practical test have therefore been com¬posed. In the questionnaire, students were asked to provide information concerning their previous IT studies and rate their knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets and database management. During the practical, students were asked to solve an Excel exercise taken from a secondary school Computer Science final exam at stan¬dard level. In respect to the results of the practical test there were differences between the perceived and actual knowledge of students’ spreadsheet applications.

In respect to the actual results, we found that half of the students’ performance was below 20 per cent, and overall, nearly 85 per cent of them had completed the test with scores under 40 per cent. Our analysis also demonstrated that students that had graduated in Information Technology achieved significantly better results.
Bioremediation of arable soil using Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium fertilizer treatment
Authors: Ugochukwu Ekenwosu Joseph
Published: December 2019

This study seeks to examine â€œin situâ€ remediation effectiveness of NPK fertilizer treatment as a viable biostimulation-based bioremediation technology for soil remediation by evaluating data obtained from soil physicochemical properties before and after initiation of bioremediation. Bioremediation was initiated by stimulating indigenous microorganisms in soil by NPK application while remediation was determined by soil physicochemical condition after nutrient amendment and changes observed in plant height after 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days of planting. Rhizomes of turmeric were planted in soil treated with NPK fertilizer and control in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data generated from soil physicochemical parameters in laboratory and field was analyzed before and after treatment. Study showed increase in available potassium, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon. However, there was decrease in aluminium, soil organic matter and acidity. Sand, silt and clay also decreased slightly. Study revealed significant increase in plant height from plants that benefitted from nutrient amendment.
Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in the Elderly: Analysis From the DECLARE–TIMI 58 Study
Authors: Cahn Avivit , Mosenzon Ofri , Wiviott Stephen D. , Rozenberg Aliza , Yanuv Ilan , Goodrich Erica L. , Murphy Sabina A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P.H. , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid A.M. , Fredriksson Martin , Johansson Peter A. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Sabatine Marc S. , Raz Itamar
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE

Data regarding the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the elderly (age ≥65 years) and very elderly (age ≥75 years) are limited.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events (DECLARE)–TIMI 58 assessed cardiac and renal outcomes of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. Efficacy and safety outcomes were studied within age subgroups for treatment effect and age-based treatment interaction.

RESULTS

Of the 17,160 patients, 9,253 were <65 years of age, 6,811 ≥65 to <75 years, and 1,096 ≥75 years. Dapagliflozin reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure consistently, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.72, 1.07), 0.77 (0.63, 0.94), and 0.94 (0.65, 1.36) in age-groups <65, ≥65 to <75, and ≥75 years, respectively (interaction P value 0.5277). Overall, dapagliflozin did not significantly decrease the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events, with HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.81, 1.08), 0.97 (0.83, 1.13), and 0.84 (0.61, 1.15) in age-groups <65, ≥65 to <75, and ≥75 years, respectively (interaction P value 0.7352). The relative risk reduction for the secondary prespecified cardiorenal composite outcome ranged from 18% to 28% in the different age-groups with no heterogeneity. Major hypoglycemia was less frequent with dapagliflozin versus placebo, with HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.58, 1.64), 0.50 (0.29, 0.84), and 0.68 (0.29, 1.57) in age-groups <65, ≥65 to <75, and ≥75 years, respectively (interaction P value 0.2107). Safety outcomes, including fractures, volume depletion, cancer, urinary tract infections, and amputations were balanced with dapagliflozin versus placebo, and acute kidney injury was reduced, all regardless of age. Genital infections that were serious or led to discontinuation of the study drug and diabetic ketoacidosis were uncommon, yet more frequent with dapagliflozin versus placebo, without heterogeneity (interaction P values 0.1058 and 0.8433, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin are consistent regardless of age.
Specific features of development of fishing industry in Russia
Authors: Uzhakhova Leyla , Vakorin Dmitrii
Published: December 2019

The article presents the assessment results of the current state and existing problems of the functioning and development of the Russian food industry based on the analysis of scientific, practical and legislative materials in the field of fisheries, fish farming and fish processing. The analysis was carried out in accordance with key indicators specified by the State Program for the Development of the Fisheries Complex of the Russian Federation, such as the volume of production (catch) of aquatic biological resources, the development of aquaculture, per capita consump-tion of fish and fish products by the population, the share of domestic agricultural, fishery products and food in the total volume commodity resources of the domestic market. The priority task is the transition from the export-raw material to the innovative type of development of the fisheries complex based on the conservation and rational use of aquatic biological resources, the introduction of new technologies, increasing the of domestic fish products ratio in the domestic and foreign markets and raising the competitiveness of the Russian fish products. Changes in the intensity and structure of fish and other aquatic biological resources production in the Russian aquaculture over the past decades are analyzed. Both negative and positive trends in the industrial development have been identified. A significant role in the sustainable development of fish industry is given to integration associations. The types of integrated fisheries business structures that are most prevalent

in Russia are considered. To solve existing problems and improve the competitiveness of the fishing industry, it was recommended to consolidate the efforts of the main industry partners in terms

of responsibility and economic trust, development of associative and regulatory framework tools.
Modern approaches to evaluating and selecting methods of servicing difficult loan debts
Authors: Rakhaev Valery Alexandrovich
Published: December 2019

The article suggests the significant proportion of bad debt to be one of the main problems of the modern bank lending system in Russia. In banking practice, the debt of borrowers is considered problematic if there is a delay in the principal debt and / or interest during 60 calendar days or more (the last 180 calendar days). The presence of bad debt requires creating reserves for possible losses on loans, which can reduce the financial result and the loan portfolio quality

of banks, so paying off bad loans is an urgent task for commercial banks. There is no single algo-rithm for choosing the best way for debt repayment. There has been analyzed the research of evaluating the value of claims and calculating the maximum amount of debt repayment. The factors determining the existing structure of problem debt repayment in banks have been investigated; factors

of assessing the effectiveness of debt repayment by concluding assignment contracts have been considered. The author's approach to calculating the financial result and cash flow under different ways

of fulfilling the obligations of borrowers has been proposed. The calculations and comparison of variants to pay off a debt of a specific borrower on the basis of a financial model have been made. Due to the divergence of cash flows, the assignment of claims to the bank is found the preferred method for debt repayment. It has been stated that the assignment of claims has several advantages over other methods of debt repayment: it helps to save the lender from the costs related to the repayment of bad loans; from the need to reserve additional funds provided for compensation of possible losses; replenishment of working capital, partial coverage of their losses, improvement of official statistical indicators by reducing the share of problem loans; concentration on their business.
Important aspects of organizing activity of control and accounting bodies at regional level in the Russian Federation
Authors: Gadzhiev Nazirkhan Gadzhievich , Konovalenko Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2019

The article highlights the current needs of the state in implementing the financial and economic control, which requires a combination of financial audit and performance audit. The need to ensure the approach is largely stipulated by the specifics of the activities of control and accounting bodies and their territorial structure. The problems associated with the organization of the activities of state external financial control at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation are of par-ticular importance. The current state of the legal regulation of the control and accounting bodies’ activity at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation has been examined; it has been inferred that the accounts chamber, being the regional control entity, has organizational and functional independence and prospects for development. At the same time, the lack of a modern unified concept of financial and control activities does not allow to develop common approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the control and audit bodies. It has been found that the Accounts Chamber activities in the Republic of Dagestan founded on September 28, 1995, are aimed at ensuring the legality and efficiency of using public funds and assets, at identifying corruption components in the budget and financial sphere. The analysis of the structure of budget and financial violations, according to the results of the Accounting Chamber of the Republic of Dagestan, indicates the multiple violations in the budgetary sphere, in the trade and procurement processes, reflecting financial and economic operations in the primary accounting and reporting, etc. There have been given the recommendations to unify control and accounting bodies at the regional level, to introduce information systems in the control environment for the purpose of improving the efficiency of public resources management at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Poderes locais, habitação, espaços públicos e acolhimento dos que vêm de fora
Authors: Carvalho Ana Paula Soares
Published: December 2019

The concentration of financial, administrative and cientific activities in a few cities led to the build-up of opportunities in places with specific characteristics, which became attraction hubs for people all over the world. Its common in these places supply crisis in the affordable dwelling market. Not obstantly, the ones more hardly affected by this crisis are immigrants and refugees. Access to jobs is also another crucial issue for this population, specially those without work permission. This essay aims to reflect on this process and explore the possibilities that local governments could provide for life conditions that are more adequate for habitants that live in this specific situation of exclusion.
Bolu ve Düzce İli Fındık Bahçelerinde Amerikan Beyazkelebeği Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)’nin Yayılış Alanı, Zararı ve Bazı Biyo-ekolojik Özellikleri
Authors: KAÇAR Gülay , KOCA Abdurrahman Sami , ŞAHİN Burhan , YILDIZ Figen
Published: December 2019

Amerikan beyazkelebeği, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera:
Arctidae) önemli karantina zararlılarından birisidir. Polifag bir zararlı olup,
başlıca fındık olmak üzere sert ve yumuşak çekirdekli meyvelerde ve orman
ağaçlarında zarara neden olmaktadır. H.
cunea larvaları, yaprakların üzerinde oluşturdukları ağın içerisinde önce
yüzeysel olarak daha sonra ise sadece ana damarları kalacak şekilde yiyerek
zarar meydana getirmektedirler. Bu çalışma 2015-2016 yılları arasında Bolu ve
Düzce ili fındık bahçelerinde yürütülmüştür. H. cunea’nın zarar seviyesi her bahçeden 1-10 dekar büyüklükteki
bahçelerde 10 ocak; 10-30 dekar büyüklükteki bahçelerde 20 ocak; 30 dekardan
büyük bahçelerde 30 ocakta kontrol yapılmış ve zarar derecesi 1-10 skalasına
göre derecelendirilmiştir. H. cunea,
Bolu ilinde merkez ve Mudurnu’da belirlenmiştir. Düzce ilinde ise Yığılca
ilçesi hariç yedi ilçede H. cunea’nın
yayılış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Fındık üretimi yapılan ilçelerde H. cunea’nın zarar oranları bakımından
fark anlamlı bulunmuştur (P<0.05). H.
cunea’nın en fazla Çilimli mahalle ve köylerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu
ilçeleri, benzer ortalamaya sahip olan Düzce-merkez köy ve mahalleri ile
Gümüşova köyleri izlemektedir. H. cunea
zararından en az etkilenen alanlar ise Akçakoca mahalleri ile Yığılca köy ve
mahalleleri olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Estudio de las representaciones mediáticas de la maternidad
Authors: Arduini Amaya Claudia Chantal
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las representaciones de la maternidad propuestas por la serie argentina Según Roxi en su segunda temporada. Pensamos abordarla desde el concepto de género postulado por Scott (2011) entendido éste como una forma primaria de las relaciones de poder y como un elemento que constituye las relaciones sociales basadas en las diferencias percibidas entre sexos y géneros. La noción de género resulta acertada para este análisis, dado que al descomponerla en sus cuatro aspectos nos posibilita realizar un lectura crítica del símbolo de maternidad del siglo XXI construido en esta ficción, a partir de conceptos normativos provenientes de instituciones sociales (pediatras, escuela, pareja) que influyen en la identidad de mujer y madre de la protagonista de la serie.
Design of an Optimal Fuzzy Controller of an Under-Actuated Manipulator Based on Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization
Authors: Mahmoodabadi Mohammad Javad , Yazdizadeh Baghini Amineh
Published: December 2019

In this paper, an optimal fuzzy controller based on the Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been presented for the stabilization of a two-link planar horizontal under-actuated manipulator with two revolute (2R) joints. For the considered fuzzy control method, a singleton fuzzifier, a centre average defuzzifier and a product inference engine have been used. The TLBO algorithm has been implemented for searching the optimum parameters of the fuzzy controller with consideration of time integral of the absolute error of the state variables as the objective function. The proposed control method has been utilized for the 2R under-actuated manipulator with the second passive joint wherein the model moves in the horizontal plane and friction forces have been considered. Simulation results of the offered control method have been illustrated for the stabilization of the considered robot system. Moreover, for different initial conditions, the effectiveness and the robustness of the mentioned strategy have been challenged.
Functional morphometry of the pterygoid hamulus. A comparative study of modern and medieval populations
Authors: Komarnitki Iulian , Mankowska-Pliszka Hanna , Ungier Ewa , Dziedzic Dawid , Grzegorczyk Michal , Tomczyk Agnieszka , Ciszek Bogdan
Published: December 2019

The pterygoid hamulus (PH) is located in the infratemporal fossa and is part of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. Its location on the cranial base and the multitude of anatomical structures whose attachments lie on the surface of the pterygoid hamulus make it of high functional and topographic significance. Due to insufficient literature on the PH morphometry, we decided to study this issue using modern and archaeological material. In total, 99 observations were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis (50 - from modern times and 49 - from medieval times). On the basis of the statistical analysis, statistically significant differences in the length of PH were found with respect to age and sex. Statistically significant differences in the PH width were also noticed with respect to sex and the period of origin. The results obtained may help better understand the development mechanism of the pterygoid hamulus bursitis.
The effects of external and internal focus of attention on motor learning and promoting learner’s focus
Authors: Ghorbani Saeed , Dana Amir , Fallah Zynalabedin
Published: December 2019

Study aim: External focus of attention is considered as a critical factor in the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. This theory proposes that external focus of attention facilitates motor performance and learning because it promotes focusing on the task goal. However, the effects of external focus of attention on focusing on the task goal are not well understood. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effects of an external focus of attention versus an internal focus of attention on motor learning and promoting focus of the learner on the task goal.

Material and methods: Thirty-six right-handed male students (mean age 21.16 ± 1.85 years old) with no prior experiences with the motor task were randomly assigned to three groups: external focus, internal focus, and control groups. Participants were asked to throw darts at a target during an acquisition phase (10 blocks of six trials each) and during subsequent retention and transfer tests. Throwing accuracy and focus on the task goal were measured as dependent variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures as well as a one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in accuracy scores between groups during the acquisition phase as well as retention and transfer tests, respectively. The significance level was set at p < .05. The author supervised all phases of the experiment.

Results: The results showed that adopting an external focus promoted a focus on the task goal and resulted in significantly better motor learning than adopting an internal focus and control conditions (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The findings of the present study provided support for the propositions of the OPTIMAL theory and showed that adopting an external focus of attention promotes focus of the learner on the task goal. The results are discussed in terms of benefits of external focus instructions for facilitating motor learning and goal-action coupling.
Mathematical Modeling of the Coinfection Dynamics of Malaria-Toxoplasmosis in the Tropics
Authors: Ogunmiloro Oluwatayo M.
Published: December 2019

Coinfection by Plasmodium species and Toxoplasma gondii in humans is widespread, with its endemic impact mostly felt in the tropics. A mathematical model is formulated as a first-order nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations to describe the coinfection dynamics of malaria-toxoplasmosis in the mainly human and feline susceptible host population in tropical regions. Comprehensive mathematical techniques are applied to show that the model system is bounded, positive and realistic in an epidemiological sense. Also, the basic reproduction number (Romt
) of the coinfection model is obtained. It is shown that if Romt < 1, the model system at its malaria-toxoplasmosis absent equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable. The impact of toxoplasmosis and its treatment on malaria, and vice versa, is studied and analyzed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of the model system parameters on the reproduction number of the transmission of malaria-toxoplasmosis coinfection. Simulations and graphical illustrations were made to validate the results obtained from the theoretical model.
Concurrent validity and intra-trial reliability of a bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit for real-time joint range of motion
Authors: Oh D. , Lim W. , Lee N.
Published: December 2019

Along with advancements in science and technology, anthropometric measurements using electronic devices have become possible, and research is being actively conducted on this topic. Recently, devices using Bluetooth that are portable because of their small size have been developed to allow real-time measurements and recording. This study investigated the concurrent validity and intra-trial reliability of a recently developed Bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit. Thirty-seven healthy, young adult participants (age = 22.1±1.2 years, height = 166.8±1.6 cm, mass = 61.9±12.3 kg) were included in the study. The knee extension angles during active knee extension were measured for validity, using both the Bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit and the standard goniometer. Intra-trial reliability was tested for consistency during repeated measurements. The intra-class correlation coefficients value for the concurrent validity between the Bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit and standard goniometer was 0.991, and the values for the intra-trial reliability of the two devices were 0.973 and 0.963, respectively. Based on its high validity and reliability, the Bluetooth-embedded device may be useful for evaluating functional impairment and exercise performance ability by real-time measurements of joint ranges of motion in clinical rehabilitation or sports fields.
Multifactorial analysis of factors influencing elite australian football match outcomes: a machine learning approach
Authors: Fahey-Gilmour J. , Dawson B. , Peeling P. , Heasman J. , Rogalski B.
Published: December 2019

In Australian football (AF), few studies have assessed combinations of pre- game factors and their relation to game outcomes (win/loss) in multivariable analyses. Further, previous research has mostly been confined to association-based linear approaches and post-game prediction, with limited assessment of predictive machine learning (ML) models in a pre-game setting. Therefore, our aim was to use ML techniques to predict game outcomes and produce a hierarchy of important (win/loss) variables. A total of 152 variables (79 absolute and 73 differentials) were used from the 2013–2018 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons. Various ML models were trained (cross-validation) on the 2013–2017 seasons with the–2018 season used as an independent test set. Model performance varied (66.5-73.3% test set accuracy), although the best model (glmnet – 73.3%) rivalled bookmaker predictions in the same period (70.9%). The glmnet model revealed measures of team quality (a player-based rating and a team-based) in their relative form as the most important variables for prediction. Models that contained in-built feature selection or could model non-linear relationships generally performed better. These findings show that AFL game outcomes can be predicted using ML methods and provide a hierarchy of predictors that maximize the chance of winning.
Dénes Szabó (1856-1918), the Clinic-founder Professor of Gynecology, A Centennial Commemoration
Authors: György Gaal
Published: December 2019

Dénes Szabó (1856–1918) was the second professor of obstetrics and gynecology of the Franz Joseph University from Kolozsvár (Cluj). This is a centennial commemoration. Szabó was born in the family of a great geologist professor at Pest. He studied at the University from Budapest and Strasbourg. He took his doctor’s degree in 1879. He spent a year with medical studies in foreign countries. In 1881 he became assistant to Professor Tivadar Kézmárszky, head of the Gynecological Clinic No. I. from Budapest. He was qualified as private lecturer in gynecology in 1888. In this period he published a lot of studies and review articles in the weekly medical papers Orvosi Hetilap and Gyógyászat. The Kolozsvár professor of obstetrics János Maizner in 1892 got retired. As a result of a competition Szabó was appointed professor of both obstetrics and gynecology. Until 1899 he worked in very poor conditions in a suburb building. Then the new 2 floor hospital from Mikó Street was built, where there were separate sections for obstetrics and gynecology. There he could also train midwives during 5 month courses. He became member of the Medical section of Transylvanian Museum Society, from 1894 up to 1912 he was the editor of its review journal (Értesítő...). Most of his studies were published there. The Medical Faculty elected him three times dean, in 1905/6 he was the rector of the university. He published around 65 studies. Some of them discuss deontological problems or deal with medical history. He was one of the editors of two memorial volumes, one dedicated to Professor Purjesz (1906), the other to Professor Lechner (1915). He compiled the first history of the Medical Faculty in 1896. He was also one of the editors of the monographic album of the Kolozsvár University from 1903. Five of its chapters were written by him. He was awarded with the title of Court Counselor. During WWI he did much for the medical care of wounded soldiers, so he got military awards, too. A number of medical and civil associations elected him president. He died because of gastric cancer at a Budapest hospital. According to his final wish he was buried in the Házsongárd Cemetery
The endocannabinoid system: from the receptors to therapy
Authors: László-István Bába , Melinda Kolcsár , Beatrix Hack , Zsolt Gáll , Zoltán Kun Imre
Published: December 2019

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) received a lot of attention ever since its discovery. Advancements of the last three decades have shown that there are numerous mechanisms by which the ECS regulates the energy metabolism. These can either be central (regulating appetite and calorie expenditure) or peripheral (adipocyte-specific and other) mechanisms. The current review highlights some of the most important observations leading to the discovery of the ECS first, followed by a part detailing the synthesis and transport of these mediators, the receptor types and second messenger systems involved. The next part is dedicated to the mechanisms by which this system regulates the energy metabolism. Lastly, the drugs that reached the clinical phase and the main targets and strategies for future drug development will be reviewed.
Solubility enhancement of atorvastatin by embedding in micro sized carrier
Authors: Emőke Rédai , Mónika Zsombori , Blanka Székely-Szentmiklósi , Emese Sipos
Published: December 2019

The aim of this experimental work was the enhancement of water solubility of the lipid lowering atorvastatin, by embedding it in polymer based micro sized fibers obtained by electrospinning. We prepared a polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon 90F®) dispersion and added the active substance. By setting the experimental parameters we obtained four different microfibers containing atorvastatin, and one without the drug. The pH, viscosity and conductivity of the dispersions have been measured. The drug content and dissolution of atorvastatin had been studied by capillary electrophoresis. The size and thermal behavior of the fibers was determined. The parameters of the microfibers are influenced by the experimental parameters of electrospinning. The micro-method for dissolution showed a twofold solubility enhancement.
A new subspecies of Dorcadion fulvum (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from western Ukraine
Authors: Zamoroka Andrew M.
Published: December 2019

This study provides a description of Dorcadion fulvum opillicum ssp. nov., which is the fourth subspecies of the central European species Dorcadion fulvum (Scopoli, 1763). The new subspecies was compared with its closest relative, Dorcadion fulvum erythropterum Fischer von Waldheim, 1823. A differential diagnosis and a key to taxa identification are provided. The distribution of all four subspecies of D. fulvum was clarified and mapped with comments on the most contradictory published data.
Latvian Ecolabel Green Certificate – an Example of Sustainable Rural Tourism in the Use of Ecosystem Services
Authors: Smaļinskis Juris , Auziņa Anita
Published: December 2019

The national ecolabel of tourist accommodation establishments and rural tourism enterprises of Latvia – the ‘Green Certificate’ (hereinafter the ‘Green Certificate’) celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2019. Its creation in 1999 was initiated by the Latvian Rural Tourism Association ‘Baltic Country Holidays’, and it is currently one of the oldest European ecolabels still in operation. One of the most significant tourism and rural tourism resources in Latvia is the natural and cultural heritage, which is the basis for the development of rural tourism products. In this process, ecosystem services used in tourism products play a major role. One of the goals of the ‘Green Certificate’ is environment, nature and local society friendly and sustainable farming, which means both a careful use of natural resources and their inclusion in the tourism product development process. The aim of this study was to find out which ecosystem services were used and the ways they were used by rural tourism companies to create the nature protection, social and economic added value. According to the respondents, 1/3 of the revenue of the ‘Green Certificate’ companies is generated by the use of the ecosystem services. It is an argument for further research on the possibilities of the ecosystem services to be used more effectively in future in developing new rural tourism products.
Intercropping Twice of Corn with Cassava to Supply the Feed of Biomass in Eastern Mount Kawi of Malang Indonesia
Authors: Widodo Yudi , Wahyuningsih Sri , Mejaya Made Jana , Baliadi Yuliantoro
Published: December 2019

Three treatments were tested with four replications at RCBD, namely cassava monoculture, corn twice under cassava intercropping, and corn with corn monoculture where the second corn was planted 5 days after harvested. Planting distance of cassava in monoculture was 100x100 cm, and in intercropping was 200x50 cm, by which corn was planted in 50x30 cm, 1 seed per hole. All plots received dairy cattle manure 5 t ha-1. Fertilizer applied for cassava was Urea 100 kg ha−1, Ponska 200 kg ha−1 and KCl 100 kg ha−1 split into two applications two weeks after cassava planting, then when first of corn was harvested. Corn fertilization was Ponska 150 kg ha−1 + Urea 100 kg ha−1 every 3 months and split into two applications: 1 week and 4 weeks after corn was planted. Cassava and twice corn fertilization was Urea 300 kg ha−1 + Phonska 400 kg ha−1 + KCl 100 kg ha−1. Results showed that cassava monoculture can be improved by inserting of twice corn in between rows. Under sole cropping cassava, the B/C ratio was the highest 1.61, however with incorporating twice of corn the B/C ratio was 1.58. Intercropping cassava and twice of corn resulted in the Land Equivalent Ratio 2.146. By intercropping cassava with corn twice at the end of dry season, there was an opportunity to find corn biomass for dairy cattle. Under intercropping, cassava was able to produce 21.5 t ha−1 of fresh roots, while first and second of corn produced fresh biomass of 34 t ha−1 and 28 t ha−1 respectively.
Whether CEO Succession Via Hierarchical Jumps is Detrimental or Blessing in Disguise? Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
Authors: Shah Syed Ghulam Meran , Sarfraz Muddassar , Fareed Zeeshan , Rehman Muhammad Ateeq ur , Maqbool Adnan , Qureshi Muhammad Asim Ali
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the impact of hierarchical jumps in the CEO’s succession on firms’ financial performance. To contemplate deeply, hierarchical jumps have been categorized into high and low level evaluating the positive impact of high-level hierarchical jump on firms’ performance. Moreover, this study has also formulated hierarchical intensity signifying the idea that despite neglecting senior board members during hierarchical jumps, still marginal increment in the firms’ growth has been observed. Using panel regression technique along with 2sls instrumental regression, this research reveals that hierarchical jumps in CEOs successions are more conducive only if the incumbent CEOs are selected irrespective of age, degree or high hierarchical position within the hierarchical ladder. Lastly, this study enunciates that firms having high total assets boost their performance via hierarchical jumps emphatically.