bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Bleaching Variation on Schoutenia Ovata Korth Fiber as a Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Andoko Andoko , Prasetya Riduwan
Published: May 2024

The study examined the properties of bleached Schoutenia ovata Korth Fiber (SF) for prospective application in composite reinforcement. .The characterization of SF was done using FTIR and SEM-EDS techniques to examine the morphology of SF following treatment with NaOH and various concentrations of NaClO. The treatment improved the interaction between the fiber and the composite matrix. As a result, fibers require bleaching before they may be processed further.
Incorporating Graphene Nanofiller for the Improvement of Hydrophobic Properties of Cassava Peel Starch Bioplastic
Authors: Ganda Andita Nataria Fitri , Wulandari Diah , Utama Firman Yasa , Warju Warju , Riandadari Dyah , Puspitasari Dewi , Manggalasari Lena Citra
Published: May 2024

Cassava starch bioplastics have been known well as an alternative plastic replacing conventional petrochemical plastics, which have difficulty degrading rapidly in the environment. Cassava peels as waste is a potential eco-friendly starch source for biodegradable plastic. This study investigated the effect of graphene as a nanofiller on the hydrophobic properties of cassava peel starch film. Bioplastic was synthesized using the melt blending method by adding graphene in various amounts, which were 3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 7 wt%. Graphene was found to be able to increase the contact angle of the films up to 93° with the addition of 5 wt%. Graphene also affects water absorption properties. These results indicate that the hydrophobic properties of cassava peel starch films could be modified by adding graphene nanofiller.
Parameter Design of Sand Casting to Minimize Shrinkage Defects, Porosity Defects and Incomplete Defects
Authors: Muzaqqi Syah Rizal , Suprayitno Suprayitno , Pradana Yanuar Rohmat Aji
Published: May 2024

Casting is one of the most commonly used manufacturing method for geometrically complex product. Among the casting technologies, sand casting is often found in application. Beside the advantages of the sand-casting process, it also has a drawback that is often encountered, namely product defects. Product defects can be caused by a lack of attention to sand casting parameters. This work aims to minimize those defects, including porosity defects, shrinkage defects and incomplete defects by optimizing process parameters using the Taguchi method. The identified sand-casting process parameters include gating location, riser location, molding conditions and pouring temperature with each parameter consisting of 3 levels. This research using the fractional factorial L9 (34). Data processing is carried out by analysis of mean (ANOM) to obtain plot effects. The results showed that the optimal combination of parameters that resulted in shrinkage, porosity and minimal incomplete defects were at gating location level 2, riser location level 1, mold condition level 2 and pouring temperature level 3. The results of the comparison before and after optimization were an increase of 0.77, where previously it was 1.30 to 2.07 based on normalized data.
Effect of Silanized Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) Filler on Hardness of Acrylic-Based Denture Teeth
Authors: Ilma Hubbi Hikmatu , Ashary Fahri Raihan , Asghar Fachri Kurniawan , Kaloka Ardista Izdhihar , Airlangga Bramantyo , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: May 2024

PMMA is used in dentistry as the main matrix for denture manufacture. Dentures are a substitute for natural human teeth which must have mechanical properties and are biocompatible to withstand mastication in the oral cavity. However, PMMA has poor mechanical properties, so it is necessary to add filler to the PMMA matrix. In this study zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was used as a filler because it has good mechanical properties and aesthetics. The aim of this study was to study the effect of adding ZrO2 filler on the hardness and compatibility of denture composites at concentrations ( 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). The bulk composite polymerization method used in the manufacture of dental composites is by mixing powdered materials in the form of PMMA, BPO as an initiator, and ZrO2 filler which has been silanized with liquid materials in the form of MMA monomer and cross-linking agent Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Mixing powder liquid in this method uses hand mixing in a stainless steel container until it reaches the dough phase and is packed into a mold according to ASTM for Vickers hardness tests. Heat cured polymerization technique was used for the curing process in a water bath at 74°C for 90 minutes and continued at 100°C for 30 minutes. The results obtained in this study, the addition of ZrO2 filler to a concentration of 5% showed an increase in the hardness value up to 37.6 VHN. Keywords: Denture Teeth, Composite Bulk Polymerization, Heat cured Polymerization, Zirconium Oxide
Corrected and Republished
Authors: Thomas Richardson V , Bajaj Neeti
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Boston University (BU) approach is a method for early prediction of unerupted permanent mandibular teeth widths based on the mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of primary mandibular canines and first molars. The present study was conducted to test the validity of BU approach by comparing it with Tanaka–Johnston (T/J) approach in the contemporary population.

Aims and Objective:

The aim of the study was to determine the applicability of BU approach for prediction of the MDWs of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in 100 healthy schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru aged between 7 and 11 years. The MDWs of canines and premolars were predicted using both T/J and the considered BU approaches for all the children and were compared.

Results:

The correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation between the predicted tooth size from the two predicted methods in the upper and lower arches (P < 0.001), with Pearson's correlation coefficient showing the very strong positive relationship (r = 0.7). Significant differences were seen between the mean predicted width of canines and premolars by both the approaches (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

In spite of the limitations, we recommend the use of BU approach to predict arch length-tooth material discrepancy at an early age and to get at least an approximate estimation of the required space. We also advocate the necessity of further research on this approach prospectively.
Talocalcaneal coalition: an easily overlooked abnormality - A case report
Authors: Chen Keng-Chih , Lan Howard Haw-Chang , Hwang Jen-I
Published: May 2024

Congenital tarsal coalition involves failure of segmentation between two or more tarsal bones. Although coalition can be asymptomatic, foot or ankle pain occasionally occurs, especially in young patients, and is often overlooked at the first presentation. Radiography can be used to diagnose or indirectly identify tarsal coalition, and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Here, we present a case of a patient with a delayed diagnosis of tarsal coalition. In our patient, plain radiography of the left ankle showed the typical C-sign. Moreover, a noncontrast MRI of the left ankle revealed focal bone hypertrophy over the medial aspect of the talus and the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus separated by a low signal gap. Familiarity with the radiographic features and signs of the tarsal coalition might aid in its diagnosis, and CT or MRI might provide additional information for its clinical management.
Enhancing special care dentistry with sensory-adapted dental environment
Authors: Kittur Simin , Basappa N , Raju OS , Naik Saraswathi V , Shagale Amitha M
Published: May 2024

Aim:

To compare and evaluate the effect of sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE) and regular dental environment in reducing anxiety levels in children with intellectual disabilities.

Materials and Methods:

This study was carried out in children with mild intellectual disabilities aged 8–13 years. The developmental screening test was utilized in screening and including these children with IQ scores between 52 and 67, and after random allocation, children were subjected to oral prophylaxis in the SADE and regular dental environment. Anxiety levels were assessed at baseline, 5 min, and at the end of the procedure using Venham's anxiety rating scale, pulse rate, and blood pressure values.

Results:

The data were coded and analyzed using software SPSS (IBM version 22.0) for statistical analysis. Comparison between the groups was done using independent t-test and repeated measured ANOVA for objective assessment of intergroup and intragroup anxiety levels, respectively, and using Mann–Whitney U-test and Friedman's test for subjective assessment of intergroup and intragroup anxiety levels, respectively.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that SADE significantly decreased anxiety levels and cooperative behavior in children with mild intellectual disability and can be used as an alternative behavior management technique in effectively handling children with intellectual disability.
Comparison of anaesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine buccal infiltration versus 2% lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block for pulpotomy in mandibular primary second molars
Authors: Daneshvar Seyedeh Hediyeh , Dorani Dariush , Daneshvar Mir Mahdi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Pain control and proper anesthesia during pulp therapy is one of the most important aspects of behavior management in pediatric dentistry. Aims: This study compared the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) using 2% lidocaine and infiltration using 4% articaine for pulpotomy of mandibular primary second molars.

Settings and Design:

The present clinical trial was conducted on 40 children aged 5–8 referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, who needed pulpotomy treatment in both mandibular second molars. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (A and B).

Subjects and Methods:

At the first session, Group A received articaine infiltration and Group B experienced IANB using lidocaine. At the next visit, this trend was reversed. Pain intensity was measured upon the initiation of the pulp exposure using a facial image scale (FIS) and the patients' behavior during pulpotomy was measured using sound eye motor (SEM).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the analysis of data. A significant level of differences was taken as P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

According to FIS, the pain upon the initiation of the pulp exposure was significantly lower in the lidocaine group (P = 0.028). Patients' behavior was also significantly better in the lidocaine group according to SEM (P = 0.028).

Conclusions:

IANB using lidocaine has higher anesthetic efficacy in the pulp therapy of the mandibular primary second molars compared to articaine infiltration.
Association between ABO, Rh blood groups, lip and dermatoglyphic patterns, and nonsyndromic oral clefts
Authors: Sivanand Nimisha , Junaid Mohammed , Sivapathasundaram B , Ramanathan Manikandhan , Sailer Hermann F , Nijesh JE , Sivasamy Shyam , Chaly Preetha Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The objective of the study is to determine the association between nonsyndromic oral clefts (OC) in children and ABO, Rh blood groups, lip, and dermatoglyphic patterns of their unaffected parents.

Methods:

This case–control study was conducted at a tertiary cleft center in Chennai, India, among 240 individuals comprising 80 units (40 cases and controls, respectively). Each unit (triad) was constituted by a child (0–12 years of age) either born with nonsyndromic OC (cases) or with no diagnosed congenital anomaly (control) and their unaffected parents (mother and father). ABO and Rh blood groups, specific lip print, fingerprint pattern, and palmar asymmetry were recorded for each individual. Strength of association of related factors was assessed by multivariable logistic regression reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.

Results:

A1-positive blood group was found to be considerably higher among case mothers (14.39 [1.57–32.27]). A higher odds of OCs were observed among case mothers with whorl lip pattern (1.51 [1.16–3.17]) and radial loop pattern in fingers (1.44 [1.09–2.31]) relative to controls. In addition, palmar asymmetry was distinctively higher among case parents compared to controls (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Findings indicate that A1-positive blood group, higher frequency of whorl lip, and radial loop finger patterns in mothers and higher ulnar loop pattern in fathers and palmar asymmetry in both parents increases odds of occurrence of OC among their offspring. These identifiable traits offer potential scope for better service planning among resource-constrained disadvantaged communities in India.
Role of probiotics and synbiotics on inhibiting Streptococcus mutans level in saliva of children
Authors: Duraisamy Vinola , Geethapriya P. R. , Bharath C. , Niveditha R. S. , John J. Baby
Published: May 2024

Background:

Probiotics and synbiotics through its direct and indirect interactions interferes with biofilm formation, competes with oral microorganisms thereby creating better oral health.

Aim:

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Probiotics and Synbiotics on inhibiting Streptococcus mutans level in saliva of children after 15 days of daily intake of probiotic and synbiotic curd.

Methodology:

A double-blind randomized controlled trial was planned. Salivary samples at baseline were collected from forty children in the age group of 6–12 years who were divided into two groups of 20 each to receive probiotic and synbiotic curd respectively for 15 days. Salivary samples were collected after intervention and S. mutans levels were estimated.

Statistical Analysis:

The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Intra- and inter-group comparison of mean S. mutans levels for both the groups were done using the paired and unpaired t-test respectively. The statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

A statistically significant reduction in salivary S. mutans counts was observed in both the groups after 15 days (P < 0.001). A significantly higher inhibition of S. mutans growth was present in the probiotic compared to synbiotic group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Probiotics and Synbiotics were effective in inhibiting salivary S. mutans level of children. However, inhibition of S. mutans growth was found to be better in children who consumed Probiotic curd than the Synbiotic curd.
Assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) – A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Jawdekar Ashwin M. , Kamath Shamika , Kale Swati , Mistry Laresh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) affects about 14% of the population. MIH may lead to enamel breakdown, early tooth decay and is known to cause sensitivity, pain, discomfort, etc., Despite several studies reporting impacts of MIH on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children; no systematic review has been reported till date.

Objectives:

Our study aimed at assessing the impact of MIH on OHRQoL.

Search Methods:

Two researchers, Ashwin Muralidhar Jawdekar and Shamika Ramchandra Kamath, independently searched articles using appropriate keyword combinations in three search engines – PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar and conflicts, if any were resolved by Swati Jagannath Kale. Studies either reported in English or complete translations available in English were selected.

Selection Criteria:

Observational studies on otherwise healthy 6–18-year-old children were considered. Interventional studies were included only to collect the baseline (observational) data.

Data Collection and Analysis:

From 52 studies, a total of 13 studies could be included in the systematic review and 8 in meta-analysis. Total scores of OHRQoL measures reported in the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ) 8–10, CPQ 11–14, and parental-caregiver perception questionnaire (P-CPQ) scales were used as variables.

Main Results:

Five studies (2112 subjects) showed an impact on OHRQoL (CPQ); the pooled risk ratio (RR) confidence interval (CI) were 24.70 (13.93–35.47), showing statistically significant value (P < 0.001). The Three studies (811 participants) showed an impact on OHRQoL (P-CPQ); the pooled RR (CI) was 16.992 (5.119, 28.865) showing statistically significant value (P < 0.001). Heterogeneity (I
2) was high (99.6% and 99.2%); hence, random effect model was used. Sensitivity analysis of two studies (310 subjects) showed impact on OHRQoL (P-CPQ); the pooled RR (CI) was 22.124 (20.382, 23.866) showing statistically significant value (P < 0.001); the heterogeneity was low (I
2 = 0.0). The risk of bias across studies assessed using the appraisal tool for cross sectional studies tool was found to be moderate. The reporting bias assessed using the dispersion on the funnel plot was found to be minimal.

Authors’ Conclusions:

Children with MIH are about 17–25 times more likely to have impacts on the OHRQoL compared to children with no MIH. Evidence is of low quality due to high heterogeneity. The risk of bias was moderate and publication bias was low.
Comparison of viscosities of human breast milk versus infant milk formulae with and without addition of sweetening agents
Authors: Panchanadikar Noopur Tushar , Sivasubramanian Abirami , Muthu M. S. , Swaminathan Kavitha , Vignesh K. C. , Nagalakshmi S. , Seetharaman Shanmuganathan
Published: May 2024

Context:

Early childhood caries is a major health problem affecting children worldwide. Although incorrect feeding practices hold a prime position in the etiology, there are gaps in the literature pertaining to the physical properties of milk.

Aim:

To assess the viscosity of human breast milk (HBM) versus infant milk formulae, with and without the addition of sweetening agents.

Materials and Methods:

All commercially available infant milk formulae (60 samples) and breast milk from 30 donor mothers were assessed for viscosity using Brookfield DV2T viscometer. The study period was from April 2019 to August 2019. Viscosity of infant milk formulae sweetened with sugar, honey, and brown sugar was further investigated and compared with that of HBM.

Statistical Analysis:

Inter-group and intra-group mean viscosity was compared using independent t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results:

Viscosity of HBM ranged from 18.36 centipoise (cP) to 91.30 cP, the mean viscosity being 45.7 cP. Viscosity values varied for each formula group, the least being as low as 5.1 cP and the highest being 89.3 cP. The mean viscosities of each group were in the range of 33 to 49 cP.

Conclusions:

HBM was found to have a tendency toward higher viscosity than most of the infant milk formulae. Also, varied viscosity values were obtained when commonly used sweetening agents were added to infant milk formulae. Greater viscosity of HBM might increase its adherence to enamel surface leading to prolonged demineralization and potentially altering the caries risk, needs to be investigated further.
Effect of a wear-resistant resin coat on the color stability of a resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material
Authors: Mohan Madhu , Aljohani Yazan , Rosivack R Glenn
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the Equia Forte Coat on the color stability of Equia Forte Fil.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty discs of Equia Forte Fil were randomly divided into two groups. One group of 30 samples was treated with Equia Forte Coat according to the manufacturer's directions. The other 30 discs were not coated. All discs were continuously soaked in cola for 7 consecutive days. The color changes in the Equia Forte Fil samples were determined using a colorimeter. The color difference (△E) was calculated using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* coordinates.

Results:

There was a significant difference in ΔE between the two groups (P < 0.0001). The group with Equia Forte Coat had significantly less color change than the group without the Equia Forte Coat.

Conclusion:

The application of the Equia Forte Coat significantly improved the color stability of Equia Forte Fil.
Comparative evaluation of Demirjian’s four teeth and alternate four teeth methods for the dental age estimation in children and adolescents of Varanasi region
Authors: Mishra Ramkrishna , Srivastava Vinay Kumar , Pandey Surendra Kumar , Kumar P G Naveen
Published: May 2024

Background:

Age estimation is an important approach in the field of forensics and medical sciences to assists in clinical practice, medico-legal cases, and in criminal cases of judicial punishment.

Aim:

This study aim the applicability and comparison of four-teeth method and the alternate four-teeth method of Demirjian’s approach among the Varanasi population.

Settings and Design:

This is a cross-sectional prospective study on the population of Varanasi region children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

Four hundred and thirty-two panoramic images of children and adolescents (237 boys and 195 girls) aged 3–16 years, from the population of Varanasi region oriental was assessed using the four-teeth method and the alternate four-teeth method of Demirjian’s approach, for the estimation of dental age.

Statistical Analysis:

Pearson’s two tailed test was applied to establish the correlation between chronological age and estimated dental age and Paired t-test was applied to check the statistical significance between mean chronological age and mean estimated dental age.

Results:

The dental age of boys was overestimated by 0.39 ± 1.15 years (P < 0.001) and dental age was underestimated by − 0.34 ± 1.15 years (P < 0.001) among girls using the Demirjian’s four teeth method. According to Demirjian’s alternate four teeth method, the sample of boys overestimated the dental age by 0.76 ± 1.00 years (P < 0.001) with the statistically significant difference. While the sample of the girls had negligible overestimation of 0.04 ± 1.03 years (P = 0.580) with no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

Demirjian’s four teeth method is better to estimate dental age in boys, whereas Demirjian’s alternate four teeth method in girls of Varanasi region.
Use of Foley's catheter as a tourniquet for the management of vascular lesion of lip in Mowat-Wilson syndrome
Authors: Pandey Rajeev , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Jitender , Arya Varun , Thakker Rishabh , Singh Minerva
Published: May 2024

Background:

Vascular malformation of lower lip is a very rare anomaly. The lesion leads to facial asymmetry, difficulty in speech and eating and drooling of saliva. Treatment goals include symmetrical reconstruction of the lip with minimal scarring, provide adequate bulk for the reconstruction of vermillion, in toto removal of the lesion and prevent recurrence. The most common complication during surgical removal of these lesions includes blood loss and profuse bleeding which leads to poor visibility, increased operation time and postoperative requirement of blood transfusion. Therefore, the use of sclerosing agent is recommended before surgical removal. This may help in decreasing bleeding during surgery but not in all cases.

Case Report:

Here, we report the use of Foley's catheter for the management of a high flow lesion of lower lip in a 12-year-old patient diagnosed with Mowat-Wilson syndrome. This technique helped in providing bloodless field which lead to minimal blood loss and good visibility intraoperatively.
Prevalence of sleep practices and sleep problems of schoolchildren in South Kanara
Authors: Yerra Anusha , Shetty Vabitha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Disturbances in sleep could affect normal growth as well as behavior of children. It could also impair their cognitive development. Sleep problems have been increasing over the past few years. However, there is a gap regarding information about sleep practices and sleep problems among Indian children.

Aim:

A sleep questionnaire was designed and validated to assess the frequency of sleep practices and sleep problems in 500 children.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in 5 local schools in South Kanara district by administering the questionnaire to the parents/caretakers under the guidance of a trained investigator. We also sought to examine the association of demographics, medical/behavior/academic performance, sleep patterns, and home environment to sleep problems in these children.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics were recorded as mean and standard deviation for quantitative data and in frequency and percentage for qualitative data.

Results:

We found a high prevalence of bedroom sharing (92.4%) and bed-sharing (91.2%). 46.4% of the children exhibited at least one sleep problem, the most prevalent being bed-wetting (17%). Sleep problems were considerably greater in older children and in children with behavioral problems. Practices such as watching TV and using computer after 8 pm/at bedtime were significantly associated with all sleep problems.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed definite and significant presence of sleep problems in the children of South Kanara. Strong associations were observed between certain sleep practices and problems.
Association of serum Vitamin D and salivary calcium and phosphorus levels in 3-11-year-old schoolchildren with dental caries
Authors: Pratyusha N. , Vinay C. , Uloopi KS , RojaRamya Kakarla Sri , Ahalya P. , Devi Chigurupati
Published: May 2024

Background:

Vitamin D plays an essential role in the formation of healthy teeth, protection against dental caries, and the appropriate secretion of salivary calcium. Salivary calcium and phosphate help in maintaining equilibrium between demineralization and remineralization of teeth. If we know the association between serum Vitamin D and salivary calcium and phosphorus, we may get a clue regarding serum Vitamin D levels which in turn is essential for good oral health.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the association of serum Vitamin D levels and salivary calcium and phosphorus levels in children with dental caries.

Settings and Design:

This was a comparative cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred children of age 6–11 years, 50 with Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) ≥5 (test group) and 50 with DMFT = 0 (control group), were included in the study. Oral examination was carried out and DMFT/deft scores were recorded. Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels and salivary calcium and phosphorous levels were measured.

Statistical Analysis:

Independent sample t-test, linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Children with dental caries have shown lesser mean serum Vitamin D levels (15.37 ± 3.53) than caries-free children (17.26 ± 3.16). Children with decayed teeth have exhibited lower salivary calcium levels (3.92 ± 0.99) than those without caries (4.42 ± 1.37). Conversely, children with dental caries have shown higher mean salivary phosphate levels (6.27 ± 1.74) than caries-free children (5.18 ± 1.47). There is a significant decrease in salivary calcium (P = 0.018) and serum Vitamin D (P = 0.004) with a significant increase in number of decayed teeth. The greater the Vitamin D deficiency, the lesser are the salivary calcium levels observed (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Children with Vitamin D deficiency have lower salivary calcium levels. Vitamin D deficiency and lower salivary calcium levels can be the potential risk factors for the occurrence of dental caries.
A clinical trial on topical effect of probiotics on oral Streptococcus mutans counts in children
Authors: Patil Raju Umaji , Nachan Vedashri Prashant , Patil Sameer S. , Mhaske Rahul Vasantrao
Published: May 2024

Background:

Probiotics compete with the cariogenic oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) for carbohydrates resulting in substrate depletion and reduction in the number of S. mutans.

Aim:

The evaluation of topical effect of short-term application of Probiotic formulation on S. mutans counts in plaque of 7-12 years old children with decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) score 2-5.

Materials and Methods:

A registered randomized clinical trial (Clinical Trials Registry of India/ICMR - CTRI/2019/09/021205) was conducted on 7-12 years medium risk 10 children with dmft/DMFT score 2-5, where an innovative probiotic formulation (prepared from capsule) was applied for 6 consecutive days, on teeth and pre/post plaque samples were evaluated for S. mutans count on mitis salivarius agar.

Results:

There was statistically significant and drastic reduction from 608,200 to 6600 (>90%) in the S. mutans count in plaque after the application of probiotic solution for a short period of time (6 days).

Conclusion:

Short-term application of probiotics can be used as an alternate topical preventive therapy to reduce the count of S. mutans effectively in oral cavity/plaque. Hence, probiotic can be used as topical caries preventive agent.
A retrospective study on the role of surfactants in respiratory distress syndrome among neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in Western India
Authors: Das Sayan Kumar , Prajapati Nisha
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is one of the leading causative factors of morbidity and mortality in neonates of developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate role of Surfactants in RDS with due regard to administration timing, outcome and comparison between two natural surfactants- Survanta (bovine lung extract), and Curosurf (Poractant alfa).

Methods:

A Retrospective Study was conducted on neonates admitted between 16th May, 2021 to 15th Nov, 2022 (for 18 months duration) at NICU of GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar. A dataset was created consisting of neonates with final diagnosis of RDS who received Surfactant and outcome was analyzed based on various parameters.

Results:

Out of 2001 NICU Admissions, 176 (8.79 %) were RDS cases. Out of 176 RDS cases, 131 (74.43 %) were inborn and 45 (25.57 %) were outborn, 96 (54.54 %) were male and 80 (45.46 %) were female cases. Among 176 RDS cases, 92 (54.27 %) cases were treated with Curosurf, and 84 (47.73 %) were treated with Survanta. Out of 128 cases where surfactant administered within first 6 hrs of birth had 106 cases (82.81 %) successfully discharged and 22 (17.19 %) died and out of 48 cases where surfactant is given beyond 48 hrs, 21 (43.75 %) cases were successfully discharged and 27 (56.25 %) cases were expired.

Conclusion:

Study reveals that RDS cases are invariably related to preterms (161 / 91.5 %) and Low Birth Weight 63 (35.79%) neonates. It has been observed after comparing 112 (63.63 %) successfully discharged and 49 (27.84 %) expired cases that early administration of Surfactant is having a good outcome. Study reveals that there were no significant difference in mortality between Curosurf and Surventa. However, need for repeated doses in Curosurf group is less than Surventa.
A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Subgingivally Delivered 0.5% Azithromycin Gel and 1% Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Vhanmane Priyanka , Nandy Rishi , Mangalekar Sachin B. , Rai Jeeth , Sagare Shweta V. , Kumbhare Shruti
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth. Adjunctive therapies to scaling and root planing (SRP) play a crucial role in enhancing treatment outcomes. This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of subgingivally delivered 0.5% azithromycin gel and 1% chlorhexidine gel as adjuncts to SRP in the management of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative clinical evaluation was conducted involving 60 participants diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. They were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received subgingival application of 0.5% azithromycin gel after SRP, whereas Group B received 1% chlorhexidine gel in a similar manner. Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and 3-month follow-up.

Results:

Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in clinical parameters after treatment. However, Group A exhibited a greater reduction in PPD (mean decrease of 2.5 mm) compared with Group B (mean decrease of 1.8 mm). Similarly, Group A showed a higher gain in CAL (mean gain of 2.3 mm) compared with Group B (mean gain of 1.5 mm). In addition, a significant reduction in GI was observed in both groups, with Group A showing slightly better outcomes.

Conclusion:

Subgingivally delivered 0.5% azithromycin gel demonstrated superior clinical efficacy as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis compared with 1% chlorhexidine gel. The findings suggest that azithromycin gel may serve as a promising therapeutic option in managing periodontal disease.
Awareness of Orthodontists Toward Management of Orthodontic Patients Suffering with Diabetes Mellitus in Central India Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Mhaske Arun R. , Parhad Sameer M. , Sattar Sakina Abdul , Pandey Ashish , Fafat Kapil Kamalkishor , Tekale Pawankumar Dnyandeo
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To evaluate orthodontists’ awareness and knowledge about management of orthodontic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and determine if the treatment approach is according to the international guidelines.

Methods:

This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Central India from January 2023to December 2023 and included 60 orthodontists from different dental clinics in private practice. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, with questions about the orthodontic management of patients with DM. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software, version 22.

Results:

Significant variation is seen while evaluating the HB1Ac, maintaining oral hygiene, and consideration for optimal control of periodontitis in DM.

Conclusion:

Controlled DM is not a contraindication for orthodontic treatment. During orthodontic treatment, special consideration is obligatory concerning periodontal problems and proper oral hygiene to prevent the progression of periodontal breakdown.
Forensically Valuable Odonatological Records Documentation in an Era of Electronics: How Aware Are the Dental Fraternity?
Authors: Garg Kriti , Mehrotra Vishal , Srivastava Aaryan Raj , Umrao Sarika
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Forensic odontology plays a pivotal role in the identification of victims in mass disasters with the help of “Preserved dental records” available to general dental practitioners (GDPs). Comparison of dental data obtained from the deceased person with dental data obtained by the dentist from the person’s file is a primary method of identification through dental evidence.

Aim:

We explored the practice of maintaining dental records among GDPs, as well as their knowledge of legal regulations and the application of dental records in forensic odontology.

Materials and Method:

Two hundred fifty dentists participated in an online survey. Questions covered general information on dentists, maintenance of dental records, and knowledge of legal requirements and forensic odontology.

Results:

Overall, 85.2% of dentists obtain and archive written informed consent, while 73.2% retain records in the form of dental cast. Generally, non-carious dental lesions and developmental dental anomalies were not recorded. About 90.8% of dentists use Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) notation.

Conclusion:

The survey revealed different practices in the maintenance of dental records, including significant flaws and a lack of awareness of their forensic importance. This obvious need for additional education on the proper maintenance of dental records could be met by including forensic odontology in compulsory undergraduate courses and postgraduate dental education. Establishing national and international standards in dental charting would comply with contemporary trends in health care and the requirements of forensic expertise.
Comparative Case Series on LMA-Assisted Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
Authors: Khatavkar Sonal , Chandra Ujjwal , Beevi N Balkees , Sravya Bujugama
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children requires sedation, while routinely employed techniques for oxygenation under sedation don’t provide airway protection.LMA during FOB can provide safer ventilation with good operative views.Although the use of laryngeal mask airway for FOB was described in 1982, its application has not been established in pediatric patients. The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of LMA-assisted bronchoscopy compared to nasal airway with oxygenation-assisted bronchoscopy. The study was conducted on 12 patients, 6 in each group. Data collected includes monitoring of oxygen saturation, hemodynamics, ETCO2, and complications. LMA group children had lower episodes of desaturation as compared to nasal airway group. ETCO2 values were maintained and rate of complications were less in LMA group. Hemodynamic stability in both groups were comparable. Hence the use of LMA allows better airway conduit, with stable O2 saturation and ETCO2 values than nasal airway-assisted bronchoscopy.
A Rare Incidence of Awareness under Anesthesia and After Effects: Case Report
Authors: Bagle Aparna , Hasnain Shahbaz
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Awareness of one’s surroundings and operations on the body is a horrifying experience for the person undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Here we are reporting a case of a 31-year-old female patient who reported awareness under general anesthesia. During postoperative follow-up, the patient complained of memories of events while under anesthesia. It’s important to recognize the contributing elements that can lead to perioperative awareness in a surgical setting. When awareness is suspected or proven, the patient needs support during the healing process and during the subsequent psychological aftereffects.
Challenges and Experiences Faced by Physiotherapists in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Thakur Kavita , Sohkhlet Gracia , David Sudeep , Gangurde Shweta , Borah Nirankush , Sandeep N , Jadav Vallari , Verma Prerna , Johnson S , Palal Deepu
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India and rehabilitation therapy is underdeveloped. Neurorehabilitation is a program that caters to people who have disabilities to help them attain and maintain optimal performance. The majority of people with disabilities are economically underprivileged and have trouble getting access to basic health care (including rehabilitation). Physiotherapists also face limitations in providing services to stroke survivors and this study is to identify those challenges.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to identify the limitations faced by physiotherapists during stroke rehabilitation.

Material and Method:

In November 2022, a focus group discussion was held with a sample size of 12 physiotherapy residents from neurorehabilitation and community rehabilitation working in a tertiary hospital. After consent was taken, audiovideography was recorded, transcripted, and documented. Data were thoroughly transcribed, and thematic analysis and characteristics were established.

Results:

After extraction of codes and themes, the following results were found. General categories of themes are lack of awareness on stroke and physiotherapy, infrastructure, financial constraints, family dynamic, social health, amotivation and mental health, collaboration limitations, problems in-home services, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rehabilitation. Recommendations given by the participants were creating a stroke community, availability of more insurance companies to support and provide relief for financial stress, early education and awareness on stroke from school level, active participation of caregivers and family members to assist the patient in home-based therapy, and availability of NGOs that cater specifically to physiotherapy.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that neurorehabilitation in India needs to attend to the given categories. Policymakers must be aware of the financial and social issues that stroke survivors experience and enact legislation that will decrease mental and financial stress.
A Study to Evaluate the Role of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4) as a Potential Novel Biomarker of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shrewastwa Mukesh Kumar , Acharya Viyatprajna , Shyam Kumar BK , Ray Subhashree
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

A new inflammation mediator called secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), was recently found, the secretion of which is regulated by interleukin-1β. SFRP4 as a potential biomarker of early β-cell dysfunction can help to identify high-risk individuals who are going to develop diabetes in the future. It is highly expressed in β-cells of islets and its levels increase several years before diabetes diagnosis.

Objectives:

This study was conducted with an objective to estimate and correlate SFRP4 in pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and non-diabetes persons, and evaluate the predictive risk assessment of SFRP4 as a novel biomarker.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 300 human participants were included among which 100 were prediabetic, 100 were diabetic, and 100 were age- and gender-matched control individuals from a community, all of whom were selected through a predesigned screening questionnaire and inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2020 to January 2022 in Banke district, Nepal. Serum SFRP4 and IL-1β levels were determined by ELISA.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two-hour post-load plasma glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between the three groups, with a progressive increase from the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) groups and with the highest value in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) groups (P < 0.05). However, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and IL-1β showed a significant difference between the NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.001) and the NGT and IGT groups (P < 0.001). The median serum SFRP4 concentrations showed a significant difference among three groups (all P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with FPG, HbA1c, hs-CRP, and IL-1 β (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study presumes importance as we report increased SFRP4 levels in Asian Nepalis even at the stage of IGT. These findings propose that the increased serum SFRP4 may be a good biomarker of decline in β-cell function and insulin resistance.
Consensus molecular subtyping of colorectal cancer by immunohistochemistry, an imperative for a resource limited setting
Authors: Abdulkareem Fatimah B. , Khramtsova Galina , Odukoya Lateef A. , Badmos Kabir B. , Adedokun Tunde , Rotimi Olorunda , Ibraheem Abiola , Khramtsov Andrey , Sveen Lise , Hurley Ian , Hattori Masaya , Huo Dezheng , Olopade Olufunmilayo I.
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) molecular heterogeneity have used genome-wide gene expression-based data to group patients into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), but the cost and sophistication of analysis has limited its clinical application. This study aimed at using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to classify CRC specimens in a cohort of patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:

Tissue microarrays were constructed from 75 FFPE tissue blocks of CRC. These were stained for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) and four other markers (CDX2, HTR2B, ZEB1, and Ki-6) by IHC. Semi-quantitative scoring was performed for the other four markers. A panel of CDX2, HTR2B, and ZEB1 was then used to distinguish between CMS4 and CMS2/CMS3 subtypes, whereas Ki-67 was used to separate CMS2 from CMS3 subtype. MMR status was used to identify CMS1 subtype.

Results:

Of the total evaluable 75 CRC cases, 38% were <40 years old, 60% were males, with mean of 44.8 years (standard deviation [SD] = 16.1). Fifty-nine patients (79%) had microsatellite stable (MSS) tumor, and the remaining 16 (21%) had microsatellite unstable (MSI) tumor (i.e., CMS1). Thirty-seven (49%) were classified as CMS2 (n = 24) or CMS3 (n = 13) and 22 (29%) of the cases were classified as CMS4. The CMS4 subtype was significantly more likely to occur among young patients (P < 0.001). CMS1 subtype was more in patients older than 40 years and 75% of right-sided cancers were CMS1 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The study confirms that IHC-based CMS classification and stratification of CRC patients could be a cost-effective prognostic and predictive tool suitable for resource-limited settings.
Gall bladder heterotopia: Uncommon two cases and review of variations
Authors: Robbi Manideep , Chakravarthy Ranjani Padmanabhan , Lomte Jai Kishan Rao , Madhuri Veena
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Heterotopia in the gallbladder is a rare condition where normal tissue occurs in an abnormal location. This case report aimed to describe two cases of heterotopia in the gallbladder, one with gastric mucosa and the other with pancreatic tissue. The objective is to provide a better understanding of the clinical presentation, histological findings, and associated anomalies of heterotopia in the gallbladder.

Materials and Methods:

The cases were identified through patient records and macroscopic examination. Clinical data, radiological findings, and histopathological analysis were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Case 1 presented with intermittent abdominal pain and was diagnosed with cholelithiasis. Gross examination revealed a gallbladder with ulcerated mucosa and a cystic area. Histological examination confirmed the presence of gastric heterotopia. Case 2 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a firm lesion in the neck of the gallbladder. Histopathological analysis showed chronic cholecystitis and heterotopic pancreatic tissue.

Conclusion:

Heterotopia in the gallbladder is a rare condition associated with various types of heterotopic tissues. Gastric heterotopia is the most common type, followed by pancreatic, hepatic, thyroid, and adrenal heterotopias. The exact cause of heterotopia in the gallbladder is unknown, but it is believed to be a congenital disorder. Treatment options vary, and further studies are needed to understand the incidence and development of heterotopia in the gallbladder.