bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity Level and Lifestyle Changes among Undergraduates of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Maddumage Shanshika Pramodini , Withanage Sameera Madusanka , Wettasinghe Asha Hansika
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown could prevent students from achieving the recommended levels of physical activity due to home confinement and it also could lead to changes in lifestyle related behaviour. University students are already known as a risk group for physical inactivity. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify physical activity levels and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate medical and physiotherapy students of University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Methods: A web-based survey was used, which consisted of questions from short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - SF) and lifestyle related behaviour questionnaire.
Results: A total of 349 participants (age= 22.59±1.96, n =141; 40.4 % males and n=208; 59.6 % females) completed the questionnaire. According to the IPAQ categorical score 49.9% were physically inactive and the mean weekly total metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes of the population was 1018.20±1271.13. A significant increase in sitting and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic were found in 68.5 % of participants. The mean sitting time and screen time were 7.50±5.21 and 7.09±3.43 hours per day. A slight increase in stress and anxiety levels and sleeping hours were reported by 32.4 % and 41.5% of participants respectively while 31.5 % reported a slight decrease in consumption of junk food.
Conclusion: An overall increase in physical inactivity such as reduced exercises, increased sitting and screen time were observed among study participants. Promotional educational strategies should include the development and implementation of interventions that promote active lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Physical activity, COVID-19, lockdown, lifestyle, Sri Lanka, undergraduates.
Babchi unani marketed formulation effective in treatment of vitiligo:
A case study
Authors: Habeeba Shaikh , Siddiqua Shaikh
Published: March 2022

Bars (vitiligo) are defined in ancient unani classic as an idiopathic achromia in which skin looses its color. Due to melanocytes deficiency, white spots appeared on body. It may be localized or may spread and become generalized. The disease condition may be stable or some time spread over the body. leucotricha is also sometimes associated with Bars. The achievement of treating this condition in conventional medicines is limited and sometimes, treatment follows with side effects. Though a few case records are documented in the past about the success of various unani medicines. Numerous Unani drugs are well known for the regeneration of melanocytes. The current study was planned to highlight the use of Unani formulation to fight Vitiligo. A 11 year old male have chalky white patches with hypopigmentation without itching over hand, legs, stomach or on back for 1 year, gradually spreading over the chest. The patient was treated with unani oral medication (nobar tablet) and applied ointment, babchi oil locally. After treatment there was repigmentation of skin without any side effect. The treatment modility showed color changes of patches from chalky white to brown and it conclude that unani formulation effective in treatment of vitiligo.
Green Analytical Methods based on Chemometrics and UV spectroscopy for the simultaneous estimation of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin
Authors: Mathew Ceema , Varma Sunayana
Published: March 2022

Empagliflozin and Linagliptin are used together as a fixed dose combination for type II diabetes. It is available as fixed-dose combination tablets in 10:5 and 25:5 (amount in milligrams) of EMPA and LINA, respectively. Two simple chemometrics methods were developed, namely ratio mean centering method and difference between adjacent data point method for the simultaneous estimation of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin in marketed formulation. For the data processing, a simple software program written with Python and MATPLOTLIB was used. Beer’s law is valid in the range of 2-10 µg/ml for Empagliflozin and Linagliptin. The assay results obtained for the marketed formulation were found to be in the range of 98.08 – 99.25% for Empagliflozin and 98.40 – 99.86% for Linagliptin by Ratio mean centering method: Assay results were in the range of 99.90 – 100.92% for Empagliflozin and 99.12 – 102.40% for Linagliptin by Difference between adjacent data point method. The new methods can be successfully employed for the assay of the marketed formulation. To the best of our understanding, this is the first reported green method for analysing Empagliflozin and Linagliptin.
Entre o real e o sobrenatural: múltiplas faces da narrativa fantástica
Authors: Santos Deividy Ferreira dos , Avelino Fabiana
Published: March 2022

Os estudos literários, principalmente àqueles voltados à narrativa fantástica, começam a ganhar novos contornos a partir da publicação da obra Introdução à literatura fantástica (1975) do estudioso Todorov. Somente após essa publicação é que se tem problematizado, através de distintas vertentes literárias, a classificação do fantástico enquanto gênero. É de grande interesse perceber a partir disso o quanto o campo científico e teórico-analítico se tornou movediço. Isto é, hoje, em solo brasileiro, temos inúmeros autores e obras que entrelaçam essas questões (fantástico, estranho, maravilhoso, realismo mágico e etc) passando por diversas faces do fantástico, entendido aqui como uma materialização/classificação maior do que se entende como gênero. Há obras em que não se é capaz, antes numa leitora simplista e totalmente única, captar que manifestação fantástica ocorre. É o fantástico? É somente o estranho? É o maravilhoso ou é a junção de tudo isso? Somente um olhar pautado na postura analítica e crítica será capaz de desvendar esse mistério. Esse, dentre outros, é um dos objetivos dessa obra: compreender em que medida essas manifestações literárias são trabalhadas, através de diferentes corpora, seja da literatura brasileira, seja da internacional nos mais diversos e distintos textos literários. Acreditamos que somente o mergulho profundo, que é papel de todo pesquisador atento, é que será capaz de compreender como as ramificações da literatura fantástica acontecem e se comprovam no ato literário.
Transpedicular Screw Fixation of the Lumbar Spine: an anatomical perspective
Authors: Cheema Omer Iqbal , Butt Muhammad Tajammal , Shoaib Tayyab , Irshad Faiza , Abdullah Muhammad Saad , Nishat Mufassar , Khan Muhammad Afzal
Published: March 2022

Background Transpedicular screw fixation of the lumbar spine is a popular procedure to attain stability in degenerative conditions, deformity and fracture. An inappropriate size and positioning of the screw however may result in postoperative neurological and vascular complications in up to 42% of cases emphasizing need for precise morphometric data. Aim: This study aimed at providing morphometric features of lumbar vertebral pedicles germane to transpedicular screw fixation in Punjab. Study design: Cross-sectional population study Methods: Lumbar spine measurements of height and transverse diameter of pedicles along with sagittal and transverse angles were recorded from CT scans of 33 adult males and 28 females using ImageJ1.47v radiological image processor. Distance along pedicular and sagittal axes reaching anterior cortex of vertebra (screw length) was also measured. Results: Vertical and transverse diameters of the pedicle were significantly larger in the male. Gradual increase from L1 to L5 in the sagittal and transverse angles was observed in both sexes. Both angles were comparatively larger in the females; transvers angle being much wider than the males. Depth (screw length) of anterior cortex along pediclular axis except at level L3 and parallel to sagittal axis was not significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion: The study has provided useful gender specific data which will be of interest to the researcher and may be useful for the operating surgeon in his preoperative assessment and deliberations of lumbar transpedicular screw fixation. Keywords: Lumbar spine, transpedicular screw fixation, morphometry, lumbar pedicle, lumbar vertebrae, Multan
Recurrent Miscarriages in Advance Maternal Age (>35 Years)
Authors: Munir Ayesha , Qureshi Asim Iqbal , Rasheed Tahreem , Shafi Shazia , Gul Pari Iman , Tahir Umber Arooj
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine frequency of recurrent miscarriages in advance maternal age (>35 years). Study Desing: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bakhtawar Amin Trust Teaching Hospital, Multan, Pakistan, from January 2021 to June 2021. Material and Methods: One hundard and ninty six women were enrolled. The demographic information like name, age, address, number of gravida, para and the number of miscarriages was obtained. The outcome variable (proportion of woman having recurrent miscarriages) was recorded on a specific proforma. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data. Results: Among 196 women, 122 (62.2%) were aged between 35 to 40 years. Overall mean age was calculated to be 38.1+3.6 years. Analysis of gravidity and parity distribution showed that majority of women, 55 (28.1%) were G6P1A4 while G5P1A3 were 41 (20.9%). There were 86 (43.9%) women who had conceived 6 times in the past. Among 196 women with recurrent miscarriages, majority of the patients 109 (55.6%) were having previous 3 miscarriages. Frequency of recurrent miscarriages in maternal age >35 years in the present study was found to be 14.8% Conclusion: Increased risk of fetal loss was observed with increasing maternal age in women aged more than 35 years. Frequency of recurrent miscarriages in advance maternal age was 14.8%. Keywords: Recurrent miscarriages, maternal age, fetal loss.
The Effect of Educational Program on Nurses Knowledge Regarding Physical Assessment of Cardiovascular System in Tertiary Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Latif Sobia , Perveen Kousar , Sarwar Hajra , Khan Sadia
Published: March 2022

Nurses play as frontline health care provider in clinical setting to assess patient illness, take timely and suitable decision to manage the patient health. In fact, critical care units and intensive care units are critical areas in which nurses frequently work alone, involved in decision making, and manage high risk patients. Literature findings that the physical examination is an important element of patient care in these settings, and nurses are generally well trained to perform a wide range of assessment skills to manage the critical care units. Nursing care has become more and more advance along with complexity of client treatment needed to improve their abilities in doing all physical assessment techniques, which is the first step to providing safe and effective care in clinical setting. Objective: Evaluate the effects of educational interventions on nurse’s knowledge regarding physical assessment of cardiovascular system. Methodology: Quasi experimental study was conducted. Setting: Research data was collected from critical care units in tertiary Hospital Lahore. Study Participants: 36 Nurses were participated in this study. Results: Before educational interventions Critical Care Nurses have minimum level of knowledge regarding physical assessment of cardiovascular system. Finding measured that before intervention less than 50% response of participants n=33 (91.7%) and after intervention above 50 % response of participants n=36 (100%). Study results indicated a significant mean difference between before intervention and after intervention scores of nurses knowledge, t = -29.663, p <0.000, Mean and SD (5.53±1.993 vs. 15.92±1.204). Conclusion: Educational session enable the Critical Care Nurses to incorporate knowledge regarding physical assessment of cardiovascular system into their daily clinical practices. Post-test finding shows highly significant results after workshop, lectures and hands on practice conducted by researcher. Keywords: Nurses knowledge, Cardiovascular System, Critical Care Units, Physical Assessment
Frequency of Pericardial Effusion after Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Sajjad Wasim , Rehman Sami ur , Latif Abdul , Rahim Abdur , Ullah Rahid , Jan Daud Ahmad , Bilal Hafiz Adil
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of pericardial effusion after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. Design of the Study: Cross sectional study. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Cardiology Department, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 13/5/2019 to 13/11/2019. Material and Methods: Total of 122 patients were included. Baseline investigation including ECG (cardiofax) and transthoracic echocardiography (Siemens’ Accuson CV-70), was done within 72 hours of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. All the information like for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, previous history of CAD, and smoking were recorded. Results of the Study: In this study mean age was 63 years with standard deviation ±8.99. Sixty two patients were male while 38% patients were female. More over 24% patients had pericardial effusion and 76% patients didn’t had pericardial effusion. More over 24% patients had pericardial effusion and 76% patients didn’t had pericardial effusion. Conclusion: Conclusion of our study states that the frequency of pericardial effusion was 24% after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction.. Keywords: Pericardial effusion, acute, anterior wall myocardial infarction
Psychological Impact in Covid Positive Pregnant Females
Authors: Javaid Misbah Kausar , Khanum Zohra , , Parveen Asia , Rashid Aysha , Iftikhar Mariam , Kaleem Rameeza
Published: March 2022

Apart from the physical effects of Covid-19, psychological effects are seen as well in the general population. In pregnant females, psychological impact leads to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Due to limited data, the mental health of COVID-19 positive pregnant patients is not clear especially in relation to isolation in hospital, treatment, time and mode of delivery. Objective: To determine and compare frequency of anxiety and depression in pregnant women with and without COVID-19. Material and Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study that was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SGRH, Lahore. 60 pregnant females were enrolled and underwent nasopharyngeal swab for PCR and had HRCT to determine Covid-19 status. HADS was applied on all pregnant females to assess depression and anxiety and findings were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age, gestational age, anxiety scores and depression scores were 29.93±4.15, 31.1±6.28, 10.56±3.29 and 10.02±2.72 respectively. There were 60% Covid positive pregnant females, depression was present in 31.7% and anxiety was present in 65% females. Comparison of pregnant females with or without Covid infection in terms of depression and anxiety using independent T-test revealed that anxiety was significantly associated with Covid positive status (p=0.032), however, no significant association was seen between depression and covid status (p=0.641) (table 3). Conclusion: Covid-19 was frequently seen in pregnant females and was significantly associated with high frequency of anxiety. Depression was less commonly seen and was not significantly associated with Covid-19 infection. Keywords: Covid-19, Pregnancy, Depression, Anxiety, HADS
Effectiveness of Ketamine Gargles in Prevention of Post-Operative Sore Throat in Patients Undergoing Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Ali Abid , Ahmed Ishfaq , Ali Kashif , Raza Muhammad Hammad , Mahmood Zafar , Aftab Ali
Published: March 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of ketamine gargles versus placebo in prevention of post-operative sore throat in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi from 13th April 2018 to 12th October 2018. Methodology: Eighty six patients undergoing elective pelvic or abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia of age between 18–50 years of either gender were included. Patients with preoperative sore throat in addition to asthma who require more than single attempt for tracheal-tube passage were excluded from the study. Patients were allocated into two groups (Group K and Group P). All patients were premedicated with alprazolam 0.25 mg orally 3 hours before surgery. Patients in group K was given preservative free ketamine 1 ml (50 mg) in 29 ml of drinking water whereas group P was given 30 ml drinking water on entering the operation theater and was asked to gargle with the preparation for 40 seconds. At the end of 24 hours of surgery patients were asked to mark the severity of POST pain on the scale. A score of 0-3 was considered as effectiveness. Results: The mean age of women in group K was 38.58±7.57 years and in group P was 38.21±7.33 years. Fifty nine (68.60%) were males and 27 (31.40%) were females. The efficacy (in terms of prevention of postoperative sore throat) was seen in 36 (83.72%) patients in group K (ketamine gargles) and in 22 (51.16%) patients in group P (placebo) with p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Ketamine gargle is very effective in prevention of post-operative sore throat in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. Keywords: Endotracheal intubation, Ketamine gargles, Post-operative sore throat
Branches of Trigeminal Nerve Causing Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia and Effectiveness of Microvascular Decompression for Immediate Pain Relief
Authors: Shah Inayat , Khan Hameed Ullah , Wardag Ghulam Mustafa , Shah Aimen Mahmood , Shah Syed Gulrukh Saba , Khan Jamal Nasir
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the efficacy of microvascular decompression for immediate pain relief of idiopathic trigeminal, caused by different branches of trigeminal nerve. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurosurgery, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred and thirty nine patients were collected from Tertiary Care Hospitals of KPK. A consent form and detailed history was performed with clinical examination and relevant investigations like CT and MRI of the brain. Pre-operative preparation was done with following investigations like complete blood count and viral serology for hepatitis, coagulation profile was carried out. Patients was assessed and included in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were operated by the same neurosurgeon. Patients were assessed after 72 hours post-operatively for pain relief by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS- Scale). Results: The mean age was 63±12.24 years. The data was divided into two 37% male and 63% females were included in the study. The most common branch of trigeminal nerve causing pain is right infraorbital (V2), (45) 32.37% and 23.02% is right inferior alveolar nerve V3. The less common branch of mandibular nerve is right lingual nerve 0.719 %. The study showed that microvascular decompression was effective in 88% patients and was not effective in 12% patients. The trigeminal neuralgia is common in old age patients from 60 to 80 years that is 45%. Conclusion: The most common branch of the trigeminal nerve was right infraorbital nerve causing pain in old age individuals and it is concluded that microvascular decompression was 88% effective in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in terms of immediate pain relief. Key words: Efficacy, Microvascular decompression, Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, Immediate pain relief
Multidrug Resistant E-Coli in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections Presenting to Internal Medicine Clinics of Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in Lahore, Tip of the Iceberg
Authors: Rana Muhammad Asim , Siddiqui Mujtaba Hasan , Ahmad Atiq , Qayyum Mohammad Ahad , Iqbal Waseem , Iqbal Javeid , Hafeez Muhammad Mansoor , Asif Sonia , Zaka Hira
Published: March 2022

Background: The commonly presenting infections in medical outpatients’ department are that of Urinary tract. If not treated properly these can lead to hospitalization and can increase the morbidity and mortality. Escherichia coli is found to be the most frequent bacterium causing these infections. The available literature may not under representing the prevalence of E. Coli which is multi drug resistant and is seen in general medical outdoor and internal medicine clinics of our local population, because urine sample is usually sent for culture only in complicated patients. Objective: To determine the prevalence of multi drug resistant E. Coli and its resistance to the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in Internal Medicine Clinics of Bahria International Hospital, and Farooq Hospital, West wood branch, Lahore. Study Design: This is an observational study done retrospectively carried out at Internal Medicine Clinics of Bahria International Hospital Lahore and Farooq Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: One hundred and ninety adult patients with urinary symptoms and suspected UTI were enrolled. We analyzed the available urine culture reports and susceptibility against the pathogens. The testing was interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. Results: The most common microorganism was E. Coli (70%) followed by klebsiella (17.9%), enterococcus (8.9%) and Acinetobacter (3.2%) in both complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. 75 % females were E. coli positive as compared to the male (58.6%). Patients aged greater than 60 and less than 20 years were mostly affected with E. coli. Most of the isolated pathogens were highly resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and cephalexin (70%–95.5%). Conclusion: E. coli is found highly resistant to antimicrobial agents used to treat UTI at family medicine practice. No difference could be appreciated in the apportioning of resistant E. coli in both complicated and uncomplicated UTIs. This study emphasizes that we should collect data at National level and prepares a proper guideline for choosing appropriate antibiotics in patients with UTI presenting to general medical clinics. Key words: E. coli, Multidrug resistance, Urinary tract infection, Antibiotics, Pyelonephritis
An Investigation of the Basic Gymnastics Program in Preschool Children in Terms of Motor Development
Authors: Erol Sadettin
Published: March 2022

Background: Achieving an adequate level of basic motor skills by the end of the preschool period is an important prerequisite for children's participation in many later sporting activities. However, only a few studies have focused on the assessment of motor competence before starting primary school in the population of preschool children in Turkey. Aim: The aim of this study is to present An Investigation of the Basic Gymnastics Program in Preschool Children in Terms of Motor Development Method: Preschool children with a body weight of 18.26 ± 2.48 kg and a mean height of 1.10±.03 cm, who participated in the basic gymnastics program (n=28), participated in the study voluntarily. In our study; (n:15) experimental group students 3 days 35 minutes on 8 weekdays. gymnastics program was applied for a period of time. The control group (n=13) students were not given any activity. In order to investigate the effects of the basic gymnastics program in terms of motor development; One-leg bounce, agility, ball catching, tennis ball throwing, 9m sprint, flexibility, vertical jump, standing long jump and hitting the target performance tests were performed at the beginning and end of the study. The effects of the tests were compared between the groups in the pre- and post-test order by performing repeated measurements of variance analysis (P < 0.05). Results: As a result of the analysis of the data, when the first and last measurements of the groups were compared, it was determined that the performance results of hop on one leg, agility, flexibility, vertical jump and standing long jump performance were better in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the performance tests of catching the ball, throwing the tennis ball (9m), speed and hitting the target (P > 0.05). Conclusion: For 8 weeks, the basic gymnastics program led to positive differences in one-leg bounce, agility, flexibility, vertical jump and standing long jump performance. Keywords: Preschool Children, Motor Development, Basic Gymnastics Program, Exercise
Effects of Pre-Surgical Education and Physical Therapy Training for Dyspnea Prevention in Patients Undergoing Valvular Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ibrar Iqra , Shabbir Sana , Ahmad Haseeb , Zafar Madiha , Hassan Talha , Waheed Mariam
Published: March 2022

Objective: To evaluate the Effects of Pre-operative education and physical therapy training for dyspnea prevention in patients undergoing valvular cardiac surgery. Methods: A Prospective RCT was performed on sample size of 40 patients of cardiac valvular disease that were obtain from Faisalabad Institute of cardiology. At the time of admission, all patients were tested by baseline dyspnea index then the subjects were randomly assigned into two groups by computerized random generator. Both groups were having education but treatment group were having additional breathing exercises and functional tasks for 10 minutes in 1st week regularly and 1 hour in 2nd week regularly. Each group were tested again by BDI after the treatment on second post-op day. Tracheal extubation and eye-opening time were also noted as outcome measures of study. Results were compiled on SPSS.20 for finding post-operative dyspnea. Results: Pre-operative and post-operative findings showed that the patients of treatment group performed better than control group as the effects of pre-operative treatment on dyspnea by total baseline dyspnea index is significant (p<0.05) as well as the treatment group had significant reduction in eye-opening and tracheal extubation time in comparison of control group having (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results shows that in patients of valvular cardiac surgery, pre-surgical education and physical therapy training showed significant reduction in post-surgical dyspnea, tracheal extubation and eye-opening time. Keywords: Valvular cardiac surgery, physical therapy training, presurgical education, cardiopulmonary physiotherapy, baseline dyspnea index, rehabilitation.
Corrupción en gobiernos subnacionales en el Perú. Un estudio desde el enfoque de la oportunidad delictiva
Authors: Mujica Jaris , Melgar Sandy , Zevallos Trigoso Nicolás
Published: March 2022

Este artículo estudia casos de corrupción en gobiernos regionales del Perú ocurridos entre 2011 y 2014, con el objetivo de describir los mecanismos de interacción entre los agentes del gobierno subnacional y los actores privados. El estudio organiza los datos a través de un inventario extensivo de prácticas, sistematiza elementos comunes sobre actores, formas de interacción y patrones de comportamiento de casos registrados por el sistema de justicia peruano. Estos casos y patrones se estudian a través del enfoque de la oportunidad delictiva, que identifica elementos intervinientes comunes asociados a la motivación del sujeto transgresor, la disponibilidad del objetivo y la debilidad del sistema de vigilancia, aun cuando las lógicas de corrupción están presentes en contextos diferentes del país y con actores distintos.
El financiamiento público de los partidos políticos en México
Authors: Castellanos Silva Ernesto Gerardo
Published: March 2022

El financiamiento de los partidos políticos tiene su origen en la necesidad de estos para lograr realizar sus actividades sin que fuera un obstáculo el recurso económico. Es por esta razón que a lo largo de la historia de la vida política de los países encontramos que dicho financiamiento puede provenir de fuentes públicas, privadas o mixtas. Cada sistema político adopta una forma de financiamiento de acuerdo con sus necesidades. En el presente artículo se revisa la fórmula constitucional que da origen al financiamiento de los partidos políticos y que tiene relación directa con el padrón electoral. Consecuentemente se explica cómo es que esta resulta excesivamente elevada para la población ya que el erario público debe absorber dicho costo. La considerable cantidad de dinero que se les asigna a los partidos políticos provoca que los partidos hegemónicos busquen, de todas las formas posibles, mantenerse con registro y representación en el Congreso de la Unión, y en los diferentes órdenes de gobierno del país; aunque en ello se presenten conductas corruptas al interior de los partidos políticos y luego sean externadas; y que además otros interesados quieran lograr el registro de un nuevo partido político para tener acceso a los montos de financiamiento público. Es decir, lo ven como un negocio, de aquí que se haga una propuesta para modificar la forma de calcular los montos para el financiamiento público.
Panorama comparado del voto extranjero en América Latina
Authors: Navarro Carlos
Published: March 2022

¿Quién puede votar desde un país distinto al que nació?; ¿qué requisitos deben cumplir los ciudadanos de un determinado para votar desde el país en que actualmente residen?; ¿para qué modalidad de elección están habilitados para votar desde el exterior?; ¿para efectos de registro en el padrón, existen requisitos especiales para los residentes en el exterior? Bajo un enfoque comparado, este artículo se propone brindar respuesta a estos cuestionamientos, además de otros que se han presentado para la región Latinoamericana durante los últimos años sobre el voto en el extranjero. América Latina es la región que cuenta con el porcentaje más elevado de casos positivos en todo el mundo. A la luz de esta premisa, vale la pena realizar una revisión a cierto nivel de detalle, a algunos de los mecanismos y procedimientos llevados a cabo –o que tendrán verificativo en el mediano plazo- para garantizar el respeto de los derechos político-electorales de los residentes en el extranjero.
Family dysfunctionality, impact on academic performance in students from rural areas
Authors: Chilan Yandri Guillermo Toala , Cedeño Angela María Cevallos
Published: March 2022

In the rural context, cultural, social or ethnic manifestations define the unique characteristics that identify each of its members, for the families that live in these areas, they are various economic or educational situations that its members must face, this research aimed to analyze Family dysfunctionality, impact on academic performance in students, using the qualitative and quantitative method, the first to describe their environment from what is known with experiences of the area, the second with the application of a survey to the teachers and students of the Honorato Vásquez Educational Unit, in order to understand the repercussions that affect the academic performance of the students, in addition, the bibliographic review of recognized authors who They allowed us to support each of the approaches. The results obtained by the students indicate that the factors that affect academic performance are living in rural areas, family problems, lack of economic resources, this leads to problems of indiscipline, little mathematical reasoning or little social relationship within the classroom. , teachers argue that the separation of parents, family problems, commitment at an early age, home economics, also argue that family relationships in an environment of love.
Impact of rumors or misinformation on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in social media
Authors: Dhengre Amit B. , Mankar Vikrant , Bhoyar Kishor Keshaorao , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract illness resulting from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which has spread all over the globe, making it a major public health challenge across health systems. Simultaneously, numerous rumors, misinformation, and hoaxes appeared on several social media platforms regarding the etiology, outcomes, prevention, and cure of the disease1. The pressing issue is fake news spread more rapidly in social media than the ones from reliable sources and damages the authenticity balance of news ecosystem. Methodology: These articles contained diverse study methods (survey, content analysis, interview, literature review & others) and paradigm models (quantitative, qualitative) to identify the widespread misinformation and its impacts. Conclusion: Mainstream media platforms mostly contain fake news and rumors. The long-standing issue of misinformation regarding different socio-political issues is under constant discussion.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Gomaya Mashi Udvartana with Petiswedana and Rodhradi Gana Udvartana with Petiswedana in the management of Sthoulya (Obesity)
Authors: Verma Shubham , Sawarkar Punam , Sawarkar Gaurav , Parwe Shweta
Published: March 2022

Obesity is a metabolic condition associated with the abnormal accumulation of fat in the body, resulting in multiple adverse effects on health. Generally, it occurs due to an imbalance between the intake of calories and its utilization in the body. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25–30 kg/m are considered obese2. The prevalence rate of Obesity is 11.8% to 31.3% as per observations of ICMR-INDIAB in 2015. It can be correlated with Sthoulyamentionedin Ayurveda that occurred due to vitiated Kapha and Meda. Sthoulya is one of the major diseases under Santarpanottha Vyadhi (Nutritional Disorders) caused due to Dushtiof Medovaha Srotasa. It is an abnormal and excessive accumulation of Meda Dhatu in the body. According to Acharya Charaka, Udvartana has Kaphhar and Medohar properties. It is of 2 types, i.e. Snigdha Udvartana and Ruksha Udvartana. Among them, Ruksha Udvartana is used in the management of Sthoulya. To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Rodhradi Gana Udvartana with Petiswedana and Gomaya Mashi Udvartana with Petiswedana in the management of Sthoulya (Obesity). A total of 60 patients will be enrolled and divided randomly into two equal groups.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Haridradigana Yoga Basti with Haridradigana Ghana Vati and Metformin in the management of diabetes mellitus type II (Prameha)
Authors: Singh Varinder , Sawarkar Punam , Parwe Shweta , Sawarkar Gaurav
Published: March 2022

Prameha is one of the very common ailment or disorder which people are facing from a period of time. It is increasing day by day and passing on from generation to generations. Because it is a disorder occurring due to changes in habits, diet and sedentary lifestyle. Basically, in this disorder there is involvement of vitiated Vata and Kapha. In this there is a Avarana of Vata Dosha on Kapha Dosha. For Vitiated Vata Dosha Basti Karma is considered as highly appreciable and effective and Kapha-Ghana herbs should be used as a medicinal purposes to counter Vitiated Kapha Dosha. In this study Haridradi Gana is selected for Yoga Basti as this Gana possess Kapha ghana properties. Basti procedure is selected as it is ultimate solution of vitiated Vata Dosha. Along with this, Vati prepared by same Haridradigana will also be prescribed to the patients followed by Basti Karma to improve its effectiveness and efficacy. The primary objectives of this study is to assess the efficacy of Haridradi Gana Yoga Basti with Haridradi Ghana Vati over objective parameters i.e.
Prevalence of oral sub mucosal fibrosis in pre- anesthesia clinic
Authors: Agrawal Sweety , Deshmukh Pratibha , Takalkar Shweta , Sabale Parag , Chakole Vivek
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant lesion of the buccal mucosa usually caused by chewing of betel nut, areca nut and tobacco. OSMF causes difficulty in laryngoscopy and intubation of the trachea. Patient of submucosal fibrosis do come for emergency and elective surgeries requiring general anaesthesia. In such scenario maintaining airway is a big challenge for anaesthesiologist. Knowledge of Prevalence of submucosal fibrosis in local region and degree of OSMF with difficult intubation may help anaesthesiologist to prepare and plan airway management in such conditions. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis in patients coming in pre-anaesthesia clinic and assessment of airway and prevalence of degree of OSMF by measuring Interincisal mouth opening in patients of oral submucosal fibrosis. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of anaesthesiology on 500 patients coming in pre-anaesthesia clinic. Patients were identified and sent to dental department for confirmation of diagnosis OSMF if one or more clinical feature of OSMF were present. A detailed proforma was used to record demographic parameter, the type of tobacco, betelnut and areccanut chewing habits, difficulty in mouth opening, inter incisor distance. OSMF was divided in 4 stages on the basis.
Approach of Ayurveda in post COVID management
Authors: Wajpeyi Sadhana Misar
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness global epidemic caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2”. Acute post COVID syndrome lasts longer than 3 weeks after the main infection, whereas chronic post COVID syndrome lasts longer than 3 weeks after the main infection.  Fatigue, dyspnea, low-grade fever, cough, tastelessness, anosmia, chest pain, myalgia, and sleep and mental disturbances are common post-COVID manifestations. The cause of post-COVID syndrome is not well understood. According to Ayurveda concepts, the symptoms of Covid-19 are similar to Vatakapha pradhan Sannipataj Jwara and there will be Dhatu-Kshaya & Agnimandya Avastha in Post-COVID 19 infection. Hence in this condition agnideepana, amapachana, brimhana and rasayana chikitsa is indicated. A Post-COVID management strategy has been issued by the MHFW's Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division) that include Ayush Kwath, Samshamani vati or Giloy powder, Ashwagandha vati or Ashwagandha powder, Amla fruit or Amla powder, Mulethi powder,  Warm Milk with Haldi, Gargling with turmeric and salt, Chyawanprash and daily practice of Yogasana, Pranayama and Meditation. Many research evidences proved that all these drugs possess anti-inflammatory, antistress, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties which help in management of post COVID syndrome.
Perception of student’s towards online learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lade Kanchan , Gaglani Hetal , Khare Shikha , Muley Sonal , Jha Rakesh
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has impinged on the people irrespective of their nationality, age, income or gender. It has hit almost all the sectors of the economy including education. In response to lockdown norms issued by the government, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and universities had to close their premises and switch to online mode of teaching. However, HEIs were quick to replace traditional classroom with online learning. The analysis represents the perception of undergraduate and postgraduate students towards online learning during Covid 19 pandemic on the basis of three factors “Teacher’s Support & Comfort”, “Learning Satisfaction” and “Effectiveness”. Research findings indicated that the majority of students preferred online learning as it saves time, provides an opportunity to create one’s own learning environment thereby creating positive impact on the studies. However, some of the students feel that they are not getting full attention from teacher in online class compared to traditional classroom environment.
Health Hazard
Authors: Sudha G. , Suguna S.
Published: March 2022

Health of every living being is dependent on level of pollutant in the environment, weather condition, etc, which are interrelated and influencing each other. Presence of pollution particles in high percentage such as particulate matter of size 10 and 2.5 (PM10, PM25) microns in creates higher risk in lung functionality, respiratory disease and reduces cardio functionality; also affects the quality of water sources. Rainfall, technically known as precipitation, occur at non season also create health hazards, seasonal diseases. In our previous work, the relationship between precipitation and pollution were analysed; it is observed that pollution attribute particulate matter, PM2.5, influences precipitation. Pollution data as well as numerical weather data are time series data in nature. This research work analyses the time series data (day wise observations) of pollution and weather, recorded at Chennai city at the year 2017. ARIMA model is constructed after applying required transformations on underlying data. Trend and seasonality found in underlying time series data set are unique since time series components are data-dependent and autocorrelated with previous day observations. Improved forecasting of PM2.5 and precipitation are obtained through ARIMA modelling.
Primera Capilla Mayor y la Capilla Real de la Catedral de Córdoba
Authors: Almagro Gorbea Antonio
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo, usando como base una planimetría fotogramétrica precisa, trata de mostrar cómo fue la primera capilla mayor organizada en la nueva catedral cristiana tras la consagración como tal de la gran mezquita de Córdoba, después de la conquista de esta ciudad por Fernando III el Santo en 1236. Se analiza igualmente la contigua Capilla Real construida en el siglo XIV a espaldas de aquélla, presentando, a través de los dibujos, la relación espacial entre ambos ámbitos y el simbolismo que posiblemente representaron. Aunque el tema ha sido ya estudiado por otros investigadores, una adecuada figuración hace más comprensible una realidad hoy en parte desaparecida.
BIMBINGAN BELAJAR TAHFIDZ SISWA MI MUHAMMADIYAH PK KARTASURA (Peran Orang Tua Sebagai Alat Analisis)
Authors: Gunawan Herri
Published: March 2022

The research aims to find the parents role to Tahfidz learning guidance and its effectiveness at MIMPK Kartasura. The research is a descriptive qualitative research using method triangulation. The main method of data collection was participant observation and interview with informants, either through voice notes and WA. Analysis techniques of data included collecting, analyzing, reducing, presenting, and concluding. The research results were that Tahfidz learning guidance was effective; namely: the openness and some parents desire to actively discuss with teachers regarding the challenges and obstacles faced during the Tahfidz online learning process up to free time from some parents to prepare tools (hardware and software). The research conclusions were that Tahfidz learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic period was online by using talqin/ talaqqi/ tasmi’ method through muraja’ah and setoran; the lack of understanding or attention from parents was the threat to the success of Tahfidz’s learning; preconditions for the learning environment and online Tahfidz learning could not always be presented by some parents and these preconditions caused the role of parents to be less effective; and the decline continuity in students’ internal/ futur conditions could cause students to forget or lose the total memorization of Qur'an.
Criticality Trend Analysis Based on Different Types of Accidents using Data Mining Approach
Authors:   Faculty, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIIT Ranchi. (Jharkhand) India., Pritee Kumari , Garg R.D. ,   Professor, Department of Geomatics Engineering, IIT Roorkee (Uttarakhand) India.
Published: March 2022

Safety on roads and prevention of accidents are the prime concern of any highway system. Data mining is a source of retrieval of information for knowledge discovery approach. Many data mining methodologies have been applied to accident data in the recent past years. There is need to analyze the relationship between different factors related to accidents i.e. number of persons affected by fatal, minor, grievous, non-injury, road feature (ROF), road condition (ROC), cause of accident (CAU) and vehicle responsible (VR) according to daily, fortnightly, semi-fortnightly and monthly basis. The objective of this study is divided into three sub-objectives. The First sub-objective of this study is to divide number of accident dataset of National Highway sections of Karnataka state implemented by Project Implementation Unit i.e. PIU (Bangalore, Chitradurga, Dharwad, Gulbarga, Hospet and Mangalore) during January 2012 to January 2017 collected from NHAI (National Highway Authority of India) in homogeneous clusters using K-means clustering. The second sub-objective is to reflect the relationship between different factors i.e. a number of persons affected by fatal, minor, grievous, non-injury, CAU, ROC, ROF and VR using Apriori association rule. The last sub-objective is to perform temporal trend analysis for each cluster on the basis of rules generated by Association Rule Mining.
Major Drivers for COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: A Scoping Review
Authors: Al-Jumaili Ali Azeez , Hamzah Ali H.
Published: March 2022

Objective: To review and identify the major drivers for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Methods: A scoping review of studies of COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and barriers to using the COVID-19 vaccines. Two search engines, including PubMed and Google Scholar, were purposefully searched. Results: Eight studies from different countries were reviewed to categorize factors influencing people's acceptance of COVID-19 according to the Health Belief Model (HBM). Perceived susceptibility, and severity of the disease (COVID-19), in addition to perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination and "cues to action", can enhance vaccination acceptance. In contrast, perceived barriers to the COVID-19 vaccine can increase people's hesitancy to be vaccinated. Conclusions: The HBM domains are successful in the prediction of human behaviors toward preventive measures, including vaccination. In general, high perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and minimum barriers should always be maintained to keep the vaccination rate high. Reducing the hesitancy to get the vaccine can be achieved by increasing awareness campaigns about the vaccine's efficacy in preventing infection.
Post-traumatic growth following the death of a parent: Does one auto-ethnographic account make a summer?
Authors: Qasim Komal , Carson Jerome
Published: March 2022

Parental death in adulthood is for many a life-changing event (Pearce & Komaromy, 2021). In recent years, the work of Tedeschi and Calhoun (2004), has focused on post-traumatic growth following trauma. Qasim and Carson, (2020), challenged the inevitability of post-traumatic growth following the trauma of bereavement. This paper considers the loss of her father by the first author, from the perspective of the Tedeschi and Calhoun Model. This looks for growth in five areas; relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change and appreciation of life. This auto-ethnographic account follows a rich tradition of other recent autobiographical accounts in the bereavement field (Mayer & Mayer, 2020; Coles, 2021; Moore, 2021).