bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the performance of zero-shot visual question answering in multimodal large language models for 12-lead ECG image interpretation
Authors: Seki Tomohisa , Kawazoe Yoshimasa , Ito Hiromasa , Akagi Yu , Takiguchi Toru , Ohe Kazuhiko
Published: February 2025

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly multimodal, and Zero-Shot Visual Question Answering (VQA) shows promise for image interpretation. If zero-shot VQA can be applied to a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), a prevalent diagnostic tool in the medical field, the potential benefits to the field would be substantial. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of zero-shot VQA with multimodal LLMs on 12-lead ECG images. The results revealed that multimodal LLM tended to make more errors in extracting and verbalizing image features than in describing preconditions and making logical inferences. Even when the answers were correct, erroneous descriptions of image features were common. These findings suggest a need for improved control over image hallucination and indicate that performance evaluation using the percentage of correct answers to multiple-choice questions may not be sufficient for performance assessment in VQA tasks.
Electrocardiographic signs of cardiac ischemia at rest and during exercise in patients with COPD traveling to 3,100 m: data from a randomized trial of acetazolamide
Authors: Christen Marla , Buergin Aline , Mademilov Maamed , Mayer Laura , Schneider Simon R. , Lichtblau Mona , Sooronbaev Talant M. , Ulrich Silvia , Bloch Konrad E. , Furian Michael
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), oxygen delivery to the heart may be impaired during travel at altitude. We assessed electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived signs of cardiac ischemia and the effects of preventive acetazolamide therapy in COPD patients traveling to high altitudes.

Methods

Patients with COPD [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) grades 2–3] and a predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 66 ± 11% (mean ± SD), aged 57 ± 8 years, and living <1,000 m were included in this analysis of secondary outcomes from a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03156231). Exercise electrocardiograms were recorded at the National Center of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Bishkek (760 m) and on the day of arrival at the Tuja Ashu high-altitude clinic (3,100 m), Kyrgyzstan. Acetazolamide (375 mg/day) or placebo was administered 24 h before the ascent and during the stay at 3,100 m. The incidence of a post-exercise ST elevation (STE) ≥0.3 mm in aVR (J + 80 ms) was the main outcome.

Results

At 760 m, 3 of 49 (6%) patients randomized to placebo and 3 of 50 (6%) randomized to acetazolamide showed a post-exercise STE. At 3,100 m under placebo, two (4%) new STEs developed and one (2%) disappeared compared to 760 m (P = 0.564, McNemar’s test). At 3,100 m under acetazolamide, one (2%) new STE developed and two (4%) disappeared compared to 760 m (P = 0.564). No treatment effect was detected (P = 0.242, Fisher’s exact test). The mean difference (95% CI) in STE between post-peak exercise between 3,100 m and 760 m was 0.22 mm (0.06 to 0.39) and 0.09 mm (−0.06 to 0.24) under placebo and acetazolamide therapy [treatment effect, −0.13 mm (−0.35 to 0.08, P = 0.230)], respectively.

Conclusions

In lowlanders with moderate to severe COPD ascending to 3,100 m, no ECG-derived signs of cardiac ischemia emerged neither at rest nor post-exercise and this was not modified by preventive acetazolamide therapy.
Fecal lipid markers in tandem with ancient sedimentary DNA as a tool for tracing past livestock farming from soils and sediments
Authors: Fiedler Sabine , Scherer Sascha , Krause-Kyora Ben
Published: February 2025

Reconstructing past environments can be challenging when archaeological materials are missing. The study of organic molecules, which remain as traces in the environment over millennia, represents one way to overcome this drawback. Fecal lipid markers (steroids and bile acids) and ancient sedimentary DNA offer a complementary and cross-validating analytical tool to broaden the range of methods used in environmental archaeology. However, little is known about the benefits of combining these two approaches. We present a brief overview of the current state of knowledge on fecal lipid markers and ancient sedimentary DNA. We identify scientific and methodological gaps and suggest their potential relevance for a better understanding of dynamic, human-animal relationships of the past. With this review, we aim to facilitate new research avenues, both in established disciplines and in conjunction with analytical approaches that have rarely been combined to date.
The value of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among boys with obesity
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Shuyi , Zhang Suming , Yang Ye , Li Siqing , Zhang Meiyu , Li Xiaona , Bai Hua , Luo Peiliang , Yuan Yingdi
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in boys with obesity.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of metabolic indicators and sex hormone levels in boys with obesity who sought medical attention at the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City from January 2020 to December 2023. Based on abdominal ultrasound results, they were categorized into a simple obesity group and MAFLD group, and differences between the two groups were compared. Utilizing logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors for developing MAFLD, and through the construction of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, conducting a preliminary assessment of the diagnostic value for MAFLD.

Results

A total of 155 male children with obesity were included in the study, mean age of 11.07 ± 1.53 years. Children in the MAFLD group had higher levels of height[(159.49 ± 12.73)cm vs.(155.55 ± 10.50)cm], weight[(82.32 ± 18.75)kg vs.(68.28 ± 15.00)kg], BMI[(32.08 ± 4.49)kg/m2 vs.(27.85 ± 4.21)kg/m2],fasting insulin[33.42(24.07,43.93)uIU/ml vs.23.91(15.72,31.52)uIU/ml],HOMA-IR[7.27(5.26,10.71) vs.4.87(3.27,6.86)],fastingC-peptide[1409.00(1175.00,1668.00)pmol/L vs.1020.00(849.05,1303.00)pmol/L], WBC[(7.85 ± 1.80)×109/L vs.(7.15 ± 1.42)×109/L], HbA1c[5.40(5.30,5.70)% vs.(5.30(5.20,5.60)%],ALT[48.00(27.00,80.00)U/L vs.19.00(15.00,26.50)U/L], and AST[31.00(24.00,60.00)U/L vs.21.00(18.50, 26.00)U/L] compared to the simple obesity group (P<0.05). Children in the MAFLD group had lower levels of HDL[(1.05 ± 0.21)mmol/L vs.(1.16 ± 0.26)mmol/L], testosterone [42.41(30.33,143.28)ng/dl vs.125.41(23.41,221.57)ng/dl], and SHBG[13.20(9.10,17.30)nmol/l vs.19.60(13.50,29.85)nmol/l] compared to the simple obesity group (P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that BMI, testosterone, and SHBG were independent risk factors for MAFLD in boys, and ROC curve analysis indicated their potential value in the early diagnosis of MAFLD.

Conclusion

BMI, testosterone, and SHBG are independent risk factors for the occurrence of MAFLD in boys with obesity. To control the occurrence of MAFLD, it is essential to address the root cause of the high growth rate of obesity. The roles of testosterone and SHBG in MAFLD merit further research.
Clinical inertia and treatment intensification among patients with type ii diabetes mellitus at Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Dagnew Samuel Berihun , Wondm Samuel Agegnew , Yitayew Tarekegn Getachew , Kassaw Abebe Tarekegn , Moges Tilaye Arega
Published: February 2025

Background

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have clinical inertia often struggle to control their blood sugar levels and do not receive timely treatment intensification. Strict glycemic control has advantages, but many patients with diabetes are unable to reach their target blood sugar levels. The study’s main objective was to determine the prevalence of clinical inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital(DTCSH) in Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional based, cross-sectional research design was used at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from November 20/2023 to January 30/2024. A structured questionnaire modified from various medical records and literatures were used to gather data. A logistic regression model was also employed after the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was checked to find contributing variables to clinical inertia. A threshold of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

In total, 287 samples were included in the research. The occurrences of clinical inertia 31.4% (95%CI: 25.9 - 36.8) were obtained from 90 patients. Aged patients (AOR = 1.103; 95% CI, 1.034 - 1.176; P = 0.003), medication fee (AOR = 4.955; 95% CI, 1.284 - 14.127; P = 0.020), medication nonadherence (AOR = 4.345; 95% CI, 2.457 - 15.537; P = 0.001), increase number of medication (AOR = 4.205; 95% CI, 2.657- 6.655; P ≤ 0.001), poor glycemic control (AOR = 2.253; 95% CI, 1.673 - 3.033; P ≤ 0.001) were more likely to have clinical inertia.

Conclusion

One-third of patients experienced clinical inertia. Age, glycemic control, medication non-adherence, treatment fee, and number of medications were found to be strongly correlated with clinical inertia. More precise knowledge of the clinical inertia and the associated therapies is necessary to tackle this issue more effectively.
Urban vegetation benefits in mediterranean cities for climate change adaptation and water usage efficiency – a case study in Algarve, Portugal
Authors: Matias Pedro , Moreira da Silva Manuela , Teigão João , Duarte Amílcar
Published: February 2025

In the current climate change scenario, Mediterranean cities face heatwaves and reduced availability of freshwater alternated with intense precipitation events in short periods. The demand for water, especially for urban and tourism purposes, is rising, particularly in coastal cities. The importance of integrating nature into cities, particularly trees, has been studied for its benefits in adapting to climate change and improving quality of life. However, water scarcity in cities remains a limiting factor for ensuring the water needs of urban trees and, consequently, the ecosystem services they provide. In this study, we quantified the ecosystem services (CO2 sequestration and storage, O2 production, air pollutants removal, and hydrological effects as transpiration, water intercepted and avoided runoff) provided by urban vegetation in Faro (Algarve, Portugal), with a detailed analysis of three green spaces. We analyzed the importance given to green spaces and the community preferences. Rainwater harvesting was studied as an alternative water source for irrigation and its advantages for the urban water cycle. We found that urban vegetation across the city sequesters 1.09 × 103 t. yr−1 CO2, stores 4.01 × 103 t C, contributes to air pollutant removal (CO = 114; O3 = 3.56 × 103; NO2 = 313; SO2 = 224; PM10 = 872; PM2.5 = 70) kg. yr−1, and prevents 861 m3. yr−1 of surface runoff. In general, people inquired use to visit and value the city’s green spaces, enjoy activities in nature, have definite preferences regarding green spaces, and are available to suggest actions to improve these spaces. It was confirmed that in order to maintain urban green spaces and the ecosystem services that their vegetation provides to the community, rainwater harvesting is of utmost relevance representing a reduction in drinking water for irrigation of 4.20 × 103 m3. yr−1 in the three studied green spaces.
Negative frequency-dependent selection through variations in seedling fitness due to genetic differentiation of parents’ pair in a tropical rainforest tree, Rubroshorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Tani Naoki , Ng Chin Hong , Lee Soon Leong , Lee Chai Ting , Muhammad Norwati , Kondo Toshiaki , Tsumura Yoshihiko , Sugiyama Saori , Niiyama Kaoru , Ripin Azizi , Kassim Abdul Rahman , Musa Samsudin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The role of syngameons in adaption to microgeographical environmental heterogeneity is important and could be one of the sources of rich species diversity in tropical forests. In addition, negative frequency- or density-dependent selection is one of the major processes contributing to the maintenance of genetic diversity.

Methods

To assess genetic factors that affect the fitness of seedlings of Rubroshorea curtisii, a dominant canopy tree species in hill dipterocarp forests, the inter- and intra-population genetic structure of individuals from natural populations and individuals at two permanent plots in a hill dipterocarp forest with reproductive stage was studied. Further, a total of 460 seedlings derived from six mother trees in the plot were raised in a nursery, and their pollen donors were identified using genetic marker based paternity assignment. Seed weight, bi-parental genetic relatedness, and bi-parental genetic heterogeneity based on the clustering analysis were used to analyze their effects on seedling fitness.

Results

A Bayesian based clustering analysis revealed that three genetically distinct clusters were observed in almost all populations throughout the distributional range of the species in Malay Peninsula and provided the optimum explanation for the genetic structure of 182 mature individuals in the plots. The two clusters showed larger genetic differentiation from the ancestral admixture population, but the other one was not differentiated. The bi-parental larger genetic heterogeneity was associated with a significantly higher probability of seedling survivorship, and likewise, higher performance of vertical growth of the seedlings; but the seed weight and genetic relatedness did not significantly affect those.

Discussion

This evidence suggests that fitter seedlings derived from mating between parents with different genetic clusters contribute to maintaining genetic diversity through negative frequency-dependent selection and may have an important role in adaptation in the tropical forest plant community.
Empowering rural communities: the role of financial literacy and management in sustainable development
Authors: Kyeyune Gorrettie Nakyeyune , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera
Published: February 2025

Research problem

In the face of global efforts to combat poverty and enhance the well-being of vulnerable populations, aiming for inclusive growth, the 2024 UNDP trend report casts a shadow with its findings that the world remains off-course for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG1) “No Poverty.” Specifically, in Uganda, despite the integration of poverty eradication measures within national development agendas, the efficacy of such initiatives is critically contingent upon the financial literacy levels among the impoverished targets.

Aim

This study underscores the pivotal role of financial literacy in fostering the empowerment of underserved communities, directing them toward paths of inclusive growth.

Research methods

Adopting a qualitative framework, this investigation spanned 7 parishes across five districts within Uganda’s Busoga region, selected via purposive sampling. Participants included a cross-section of community members—ranging from household heads and local entrepreneurs to SACCO (Savings and Credit Cooperative Organization) members and parish chiefs—all of whom engage with government-led poverty alleviation programs. A semi-structured interview guide facilitated the collection of nuanced data, which was subsequently transcribed and subjected to content analysis to distill key thematic insights.

Results and discussion

The findings illuminate a stark reality: inadequate financial management and literacy significantly thwart the sustainable development of rural communities. Such deficiencies not only hamper economic progress but also stifle the potential for holistic community empowerment.

Conclusion

Investment in financial literacy emerges as a crucial strategy, underscoring the importance of equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary for economic participation and personal growth. This approach aligns with the principles of Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach and the Human Capital Theory, advocating for the prioritization of financial literacy initiatives within rural development strategies. The study accentuates the need for comprehensive financial literacy training, aimed at fulfilling broader policy objectives and catalyzing economic development and poverty reduction efforts.
Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers
Authors: Liu Binhao , Shen Jiacheng , Li Jiayu , Tian Bowen , Zhou Bin , Gui Jiachen , Li Zhimin , Zhang Yue , Hu Wenzhi , Li Qiang
Published: February 2025

Background

Vitiligo is a challenging chronic condition with unpredictable disease course and high propensity for relapse post-treatment. Recent studies have reported the biomarkers for disease activity, severity, and therapeutic response of vitiligo, yet very few have investigated cytokines as predictive biomarkers for disease recurrence in vitiligo. This study aims to explore cytokines that serve as biomarkers for disease recurrence and extend research on factors related to the disease’s activity.

Methods

92 patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited at the Air Force Medical Center from September 20, 2023, to November 30, 2023. Ultrasensitive multiplex cytokine array was used to measure plasma concentrations of cytokines, including IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15.

Results

IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15 were expressed at higher levels in the circulation of patients with both segmental and non-segmental vitiligo compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in these cytokine levels between the two types of vitiligo. CXCL9 was associated with the activity of vitiligo (p = 0.027). Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15 in the plasma of patients with recurrent vitiligo. The expression of IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IL-6 was significantly higher in recurrent vitiligo than in cases of persistent stable vitiligo (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.026, respectively), with ROC analysis demonstrating their predictive capability for vitiligo recurrence, with AUC values of 0.806, 0.773, 0.896, 0.785, and 0.709, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model showed IFN-γ is an independent predictor for vitiligo recurrence [OR (95%CI) =1.051 (1.012~1.116)], with a prediction accuracy of 90.5% (38/42) on the training dataset and 88.9% (16/18) on the testing dataset.

Conclusion

Plasma IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and IL-6 might be potential biomarkers for vitiligo recurrence, with CXCL9 also associated with disease activity. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that IFN-γ is an independent predictor of vitiligo recurrence and the model could be a candidate approach for predicting vitiligo recurrence.
A comprehensive review of the roles of T-cell immunity in preeclampsia
Authors: Peng Xu , Chinwe Oluchi-Amaka Ibeh , Kwak-Kim Joanne , Yang Xiuhua
Published: February 2025

Preeclampsia (PE) is an obstetrical disorder that occurs after the 20th week of gestation. It is recognized as one of the “Great Obstetrical Syndromes” and principally contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. PE has been associated with a range of immune disorders, including a preponderance of T helper (Th) 1 over Th2 cells and imbalanced levels of Th17 and T regulatory cells (Tregs). During pregnancy, T cells safeguard the placenta against immune rejection and aid embryo implantation while involved in pregnancy complications, such as PE. Promoting alloantigen-specific Treg cells is a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for PE. However, ensuring the safety of mothers and infants is of the utmost importance since the risk-benefit ratio of reproductive and obstetric conditions differs significantly from that of immune diseases that pose a life-threatening risk. In this review, we systematically summarize the roles of T-cell immunity in the peripheral blood, reproductive tissues, and at the maternal-fetal interface of PE patients. Furthermore, the recent therapeutic approaches centered on targeting T cell immunity in PE are critically appraised.
De Novo or inherited: gonosomal mosaicism in hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency
Authors: Batlle-Masó Laura , Perurena-Prieto Janire , Viñas-Giménez Laura , Aguiló-Cucurull Aina , Fernández-Álvarez Paula , Gil-Serrano Johana , Guilarte Mar , Colobran Roger
Published: February 2025

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease, characterized by transient and self-limiting episodes of subcutaneous or submucosal swelling that spontaneously resolve within two to five days. The most common form of HAE, HAE-C1-INH, is caused by deleterious mutations in the SERPING1 gene, encoding the C1-Inhibitor protein, and its diagnosis is confirmed by decreased C1-INH function. Distinctively from other genetic forms of HAE, up to 15-20% of HAE-C1-INH cases are sporadic caused by de novo mutations. Here, we report a patient with apparently sporadic HAE-C1-INH. The patient had compatible clinical symptoms and a markedly low C1-INH function, and the parents showed normal values of C4 and normal C1-INH function. In the patient, we identified a novel splice site mutation in SERPING1 (c.890-1G>C) and, by cDNA analysis, we confirmed its pathogenicity. Despite normal C1-INH function in the parents, we found that the mother was, unexpectedly, a mutation carrier. The inverted profile of the Sanger peaks compared with the patient, strongly suggested the presence of gonosomal mosaicism in the mother. We confirmed and quantified the mosaicism in different tissues by high depth NGS-based deep amplicon sequencing, showing a similar frequency of the variant ranging from 17 to 23%. In this study, we present the first case of gonosomal mosaicism in a family with a single child affected with HAE-C1-INH from unaffected parents. Our results underscore the importance of parental genetic testing in all patients, regardless of whether the parents are affected, and highlights the implications of gonosomal mosaicism for genetic counseling.
Seaweed (Porphyra) cultivation enhances production of autochthonous refractory dissolved organic matter in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Wang Ting , Xu Jiajun , Dahlgren Randy A. , Liu Qiang , Jia Yang , Chen Binbin , Xu Hanqin , Ma Zengling , Qu Liyin
Published: February 2025

Seaweed cultivation contributes to coastal carbon sequestration making it a compelling strategy to mitigate global climate change. Porphyra (commonly known as nori) is an economically important seaweed known to have high release rates for biogenic dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM). However, the impact of Porphyra cultivation on coastal organic matter dynamics remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted investigations examining the quantity and optical properties of DOM and POM, microbial community structures and relevant environmental factors along a continuum from a subtropical river through its adjacent coastal Porphyra cultivation zone during the cultivation and non-cultivation periods. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was significantly elevated during the cultivation versus non-cultivation period, while particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration decreased, thereby resulting in a higher DOC/POC ratio in the water column. Endmember mixing analysis further suggested that autochthonous organic matter dominated in the coastal cultivation zone during both periods, with limited inputs of terrestrial organic carbon. Redundancy analysis revealed that more microbial modules mediated organic matter transformations during the cultivation period, leading to a 169% higher estuarine addition of microbially-sourced humic-like C3 compared to the non-cultivation period. Our findings demonstrate that Porphyra cultivation enhanced coastal carbon sequestration by promoting the autochthonous production and transformation of refractory DOM, which has important implications for the sustainable management and development of coastal blue carbon strategies.
Probiotic properties of Bacillus licheniformis HN318 and comparison of the effects of its bacterial cells and cultures on growth, immunity and disease resistance of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus polyphekadion♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)
Authors: Cao Zhenjie , Yang Qiaoli , Kang Aie , Wang Guotao , Li Pengshuo , Qiu Guiping , Wang Jinge , Liu Chunsheng , Sun Yun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Bacillus species are probiotics commonly utilized in aquaculture to enhance aquatic animal growth, inhibit pathogens, and strengthen immunity. However, research comparing the effects of probiotic bacterial cells and cultures is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of Bacillus licheniformis strain HN318 and compare its impact on growth, immunity, and disease resistance in hybrid grouper when administered as bacterial cells or cultures.

Methods

The study involved assessing the auto-aggregation capability, gastrointestinal stress resistance, and safety of HN318. Enzymatic activities and antibacterial properties of HN318 cultures and bacterial cells were also compared. Hybrid grouper were fed with HN318 cultures and bacterial cells for 8 weeks, and their growth, feed utilization, immune responses, and survival rates upon challenge with Vibrio harveyi were evaluated. Additionally, the expression of immune-related genes was analyzed.

Results

HN318 exhibited high auto-aggregation and gastrointestinal stress resistance, and was found to be safe for use in aquaculture. Cultures of HN318 displayed higher protease, amylase, and antibacterial activities compared to bacterial cells. Both forms significantly improved growth and feed utilization in hybrid grouper. Notably, HN318 cultures induced higher levels of immune enzymes and activities, and provided better protection against V. harveyi challenge, with a higher relative percent survival compared to bacterial cells. Furthermore, HN318 cultures upregulated the expression of immune-related genes more than bacterial cells.

Discussion

This study highlights the potential of both HN318 cultures and bacterial cells as immune enhancers for hybrid grouper. However, HN318 cultures demonstrated superior probiotic properties, including higher enzymatic activities, antibacterial properties, and immunomodulatory effects. These findings provide new insights and references for the diverse application forms of probiotics in aquaculture, suggesting that cultures may be more effective than bacterial cells in enhancing the health and performance of aquatic animals.
Study of thermal management system for battery box for formula student electric racing car
Authors: Han Yawen , Bai Yuxing , Zhang Weixin , Cui Song , Zang Liguo , Ding Hongshan
Published: February 2025

In Formula Student Electric (FSE) racing competitions, battery overheating is a common challenge due to inadequate thermal dissipation at high discharge rates, negatively impacting the performance of the racing vehicle. This study introduces an innovative and optimized battery box cooling system designed to mitigate overheating by reducing the maximum battery temperature and the temperature gradient.The cooling system is developed using a combined approach of simulation analysis and orthogonal experiments. The design optimization focuses on improving airflow distribution by increasing the number of inlet and outlet vents and adjusting the airflow velocity, which enhances the heat dissipation capacity. Experimental tests show that, under a 5C discharge rate for 60 s, the maximum temperature within the optimized cooling system is reduced to 27.4°C. The temperature difference decreases from 3.5°C to 2.4°C, resulting in a 31.4% improvement in optimization efficiency. Additionally, the optimized system achieves a more uniform temperature distribution across the battery pack, outperforming the pre-optimization design in all evaluated metrics. The optimized cooling system demonstrates a significant improvement in thermal performance compared to the original design. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed optimization in enhancing the thermal management of the battery box and offer a practical, applicable strategy for improving thermal efficiency in electric vehicle applications.
Ursodeoxycholic acid relieves clinical severity of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver diseases
Authors: Hu Tiantian , Tong Jie , Yang Yunhui , Yuan Changrong , Zhang Jiming , Wang Jinyu
Published: February 2025

Background

The potential effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with chronic liver diseases has been a subject of ongoing debate since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019. This study aims to investigate the effect of UDCA on the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Methods

A total of 926 patients with chronic liver diseases who contracted their first SARS-CoV-2 infection during December 2022 to January 2023, were included in this study. Participants were divided into two groups based on the use of UDCA: the UDCA cohort (n = 329) and the non-UDCA cohort (n = 597). After performing a 1:1 age-and sex-matching, the analysis proceeded with 309 patients from each group for further evaluation.

Results

In the UDCA-treated cohort, the incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections was significantly higher, with 30.1% of patients affected, compared to 6.47% in the non-UDCA group (p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis identified UDCA as a protective factor against symptomatic infections, yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 4.77 (95% CI: 2.70–8.44, p < 0.001). Furthermore, age over 50 was found to be a risk factor for asymptomatic infections in the UDCA cohort, with an adjusted OR of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.01–2.24, p = 0.05).

Conclusion

The study suggests that UDCA therapy may improve clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases patients who are infected with SARS-CoV-2, highlighting its potential role in improving prognosis within this vulnerable population. However, further research is required to validate these findings and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying UDCA’s protective effect.
Development and validation of a deep learning-enhanced prediction model for the likelihood of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Tian Yu , Liu Jingjie , Wu Shan , Zheng Yucong , Han Rongye , Bao Qianhui , Li Lei , Yang Tao
Published: February 2025

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially fatal condition. Timely and accurate risk assessment in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is crucial. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based, precise, and efficient PE risk prediction model (PE-Mind) to overcome the limitations of current clinical tools and provide a more targeted risk evaluation solution.

Methods

We analyzed clinical data from patients by first simplifying and organizing the collected features. From these, 37 key clinical features were selected based on their importance. These features were categorized and analyzed to identify potential relationships. Our prediction model uses a convolutional neural network (CNN), enhanced with three custom-designed modules for better performance. To validate its effectiveness, we compared this model with five commonly used prediction models.

Results

PE-Mind demonstrated the highest accuracy and reliability, achieving 0.7826 accuracy and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.8641 on the prospective test set, surpassing other models. Based on this, we have also developed a Web server, PulmoRiskAI, for real-time clinician operation.

Conclusion

The PE-Mind model improves prediction accuracy and reliability for assessing PE risk in acute DVT patients. Its convolutional architecture and residual modules substantially enhance predictive performance.
Comparison of the risk of obesity in the FTO rs9939609 genotype in a multiethnic group in Asia systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pratiwi Donna , Sidartha Miko , Wiyarta Elvan , Agustinus Harimawan I Wayan , Lestari Ni Made Dwi Asti , Kim Bonglee , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Nurkolis Fahrul , Syahputra Rony Abdi
Published: February 2025

Aim

This study aims to examine the comparative risk of obesity in the FTO rs9939609 genotype in multiethnic groups in Asia, considering that obesity has become a global disease.

Data synthesis

Data searches were carried out in several electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov and NCBI. The search involved a combination of keywords related to genetics and obesity risk. Pooled Odds Ratio (POR) with 95% CI was calculated based on the pooled data. Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4.1 were used to analyze the data.

Results

From 18 studies, the results of the dominant genetic model AA vs. TT showed POR 95%Cl = 1.95 (1.36–2.80); p < 0.00001, in AA vs. TA genetic recessive model, POR 95%Cl =1.31 (1.07–1.60); p = 0.002, then the final model of TA vs. TT codominance genetic model obtained POR 95%Cl = 1.52 (1.04–2.23); p < 0.00001. The overall risk of bias was low.

Conclusion

From this research, it was found that there was a comparison of the genotype that had a higher risk of obesity, namely the AA genotype in multiethnic groups in Asia.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=546434.
Bioanalytical method development, in-vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation, ex-vivo platelet aggregation inhibition activity of a novel solid dispersion formulation of ticagrelor
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Bedi Simrata , Mehata Abhishesh Kumar , Pawde Datta Maroti , Hatware Ketan Vinayakrao , Khan Mohammad Ahmad , Muthu M. S. , Bhandari Uma
Published: February 2025

Background

Ticagrelor, a potential antithrombotic drug indicated for cardiovascular events with acute coronary syndrome, has been restricted from its oral use due to poor aqueous solubility. The present investigation aimed to develop validated bioanalytical method for the analysis of plasma samples for improving the oral bioavailability of Ticagrelor. Additionally, evaluation of the improved antiplatelet activity of the Ticagrelor formulation compared to the marketed formulation.

Methods

A bioanalytical method was developed in rat plasma samples using the isocratic separation mode. Plasma samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by using reverse phase HPLC. A validated method was used for evaluating the pharmacokinetic profile of the developed formulation and marketed formulation in Sprague Dawley rats. Additionally, the ex-vivo antiplatelet aggregation activity was evaluated.

Results

The developed method was accurate and linear (100 ng−800 ng) to quantify the drug in plasma. An in-vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted for formulation at 10 mg/kg and different pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated. From the results, we observed∼64% enhancements in the oral bioavailability of the Ticagrelor relative to the marketed formulation. The developed formulation (SD1) showed more significant inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation compared to the marketed ticagrelor (RLD) formulation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we have successfully developed a validated analytical method for estimating Ticagrelor plasma concentration. Additionally, our study successfully enhanced Ticagrelor's oral bioavailability, and the developed formulation has more significant inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation relative to the marketed formulation, indicating its substantial therapeutic potential.
Dietary and environmental factors affecting the dynamics of the gut bacteria in Tibetan Awang sheep (Ovis aries) across divergent breeding models
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Wang Xinping , Wang Yirong , Liao Songyu , Pubu Zhaxi , Silang Jiangcuo , Chai Lixu , Zhao Siyue
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Tibetan Awang sheep (Ovis aries), indigenous to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are highly adapted to high-altitude environment. However, knowledge regarding their gut bacterial composition remains limited.

Methods

A comprehensive 16S rRNA highthroughput sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 15 Awang sheep under pure grazing, semi-captivity, and full captivity breeding models.

Results

Our results revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla, while Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Romboutsia, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides were prevalent genera in the gut microbiota of Awang sheep. Meanwhile, the predominant presence of Bacteroides with increasing altitude of breeding locations indirectly demonstrates its crucial role in mediating energy acquisition among Awang sheep at high altitudes. Furthermore, PCoA and ANOSIM analysis exhibited significant differences in bacterial composition across all breeding models (r > 0.6, p < 0.001). Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Romboutsia, and Ruminococcus were significantly abundant in the pure grazing breeding model, while Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Bacteroides were more abundant in the semi-captivity breeding model. An abnormally high abundance of Acinetobacter indicated a potential risk of Acinetobacter infection in the fully captive group. The environmental association analysis exhibited that meadows diet (R2 = 0.938, Pr[>r] = 0.001) and altitude (R2 = 0.892, Pr[>r] = 0.001) had significant effects on the dominant genera, explaining a substantial proportion of the total variation in community composition.

Discussion

Our study indicated that breeding conditions significantly impact the gut microbiota of Awang sheep. The environmental association analysis underscores the importance of diet and altitude in shaping the gut microbiota of Awang sheep. The present findings provide insights into the microbiota dynamics of Awang sheep and offer guidance for their scientific husbandry management.
Impacts of pseudomonas fluorescent bacterial fertilizer addition on the soil environment and fruit yield under water stress in greenhouse grape
Authors: Gao Yanting , Zhang Hongjuan , Zhang Rui , Huang Zhen , Yang Changyu
Published: February 2025

Bacterial fertilizers, which contain beneficial soil microorganisms, are becoming more widely used as they can mitigate the problems of crop yields reduction and soil environment degradation caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizer. However, the impact of bacterial fertilizer on greenhouse grape yields and the rhizosphere soil environment has not been assessed in arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China. Thus, a 2-year field trial was conducted with five treatments: adequate water supply without bacterial fertilizer (CK); mild (W1), moderate (W2) water stress and small (F1), maximize (F2) fertilizer cross-combination, respectively. The results indicated that water stress had a negative impact on the accumulation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in the rhizosphere soil. The addition of pseudomonas fluorescent bacterial fertilizer significantly increased the content of available phosphorus (AP), DOC, MBC and MBN content. The W1F2 treatment significantly increased the activities of urease, catalase and sucrase (p < 0.05). The W1F1 and W1F2 treatments increased fungal and bacterial diversity. Bacterial community composition was closely related to soil total organic carbon (TOC), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), MBC, and sucrase, while fungi community composition was significantly related to Nitrate-N (NO3−-N), TN, and sucrase. Additionally, compared with CK treatment the yield and economic benefit of the W1F2 treatment increased by 35.44 and 44.04%, respectively. Therefore, W1F2 is recommended as the optimal water and fertilizer management scheme for efficient greenhouse grape production in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China.
Construction of a circadian rhythm-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis and immune infiltration of breast cancer
Authors: Ni Lin , Li He , Cui Yanqi , Xiong Wanqiu , Chen Shuming , Huang Hancong , Wang Zhiwei , Zhao Hu , Wang Bing
Published: February 2025

Objectives

In this study, we constructed a model based on circadian rhythm associated genes (CRRGs) to predict prognosis and immune infiltration in patients with breast cancer (BC).

Materials and methods

By using TCGA and CGDB databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of circadian rhythm gene expression and clinicopathological data. Three different machine learning algorithms were used to screen out the characteristic circadian genes associated with BC prognosis. On this basis, a circadian gene prediction model about BC prognosis was constructed and validated. We also evaluated the association of the model’s risk score with immune cells and immune checkpoint genes, and analyzed prognostic genes and drug sensitivity in this model.

Results

We screened 62 DEGs, including 30 upregulated genes and 32 downregulated genes, and performed GO and KEGG analysis on them. The above 62 DEGs were included in Cox analysis, LASSO regression, Random Forest and SVMV-RFE, respectively, and then the intersection was used to obtain 5 prognostic related characteristic genes (SUV39H2, OPN4, RORB, FBXL6 and SIAH2). The Risk Score of each sample was calculated according to the expression level and risk coefficient of 5 genes, Risk Score= (SUV39H2 expression level ×0.0436) + (OPN4 expression level ×1.4270) + (RORB expression level ×0.1917) + (FBXL6 expression level ×0.3190) + (SIAH2 expression level × -0.1984).

Conclusion

SUV39H2, OPN4, RORB and FBXL6 were positively correlated with Risk Score, while SIAH2 was negatively correlated with Risk Score. The above five circadian rhythm genes can construct a risk model for predicting the prognosis and immune invasion of BC.
Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020
Authors: Huang Yanping , Ruan Su , Yang Yang , Liang Hui , Chen Su , Chang Qing
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Depression is a major global mental health challenge. Previous research suggests a link between magnesium consumption and depression, but the dose–response relationship remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among American adults.

Methods

Data from the 2005–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined. Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and dietary magnesium consumption was calculated from two 24-h meal recalls. We used restricted cubic spline models, logistic regression, and sensitivity analyses to assess the connection.

Results

Among 35,252 participants (mean age: 49.5 ± 17.6 years; 49.9% women), we observed a nonlinearity in the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression. Below the inflection point (366.7 mg/day), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.997–0.999, p < 0.001). Above this point, the OR was 1.001 (95% CI: 1.000–1.002, p = 0.007). In participants aged ≥60 years, the association was inverse L-shaped, with magnesium intake ≥270.7 mg/day increasing depression incidence by 0.1% per 1 mg/d increase.

Conclusion

A nonlinear dose–response relationship exists between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among US adults. Age significantly moderates this association, suggesting dietary recommendations should be tailored to different age groups.
Association between advanced lung cancer inflammation index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among asthma patients: a cohort study
Authors: Tian Tu-Lei , Qu Xiang-Kun , Zhang Hong-Bo , Wang Cun-Cun , Yuan Qing-Qing , Xia Jing , Cao Li-Fang , Liu Kui
Published: February 2025

Background

The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), which reflects both inflammation and nutritional status, has an uncertain role in predicting outcomes for asthma patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ALI and mortality from all causes, as well as specific causes including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer-related mortality, among individuals with asthma.

Methods

We analyzed data from 4,829 asthma patients who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between ALI and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Additionally, restricted cubic spline models were applied to explore potential nonlinear trends, while segmented Cox models were used to identify threshold effects. A competing risk model further examined the independent association of ALI with CVD mortality.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 7.83 years, a total of 582 deaths from all causes, 151 cardiovascular-related deaths, and 125 cancer-related deaths were recorded. An L-shaped association was observed between ALI and both all-cause and CVD mortality, with thresholds identified at 82.02 for all-cause mortality and 58.40 for CVD mortality. Compared to the lowest quartile of ALI (Q1), patients in the highest quartile (Q4) had a 49% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.66) and a 51% reduction in CVD mortality (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.83). This protective effect was further confirmed by the competing risk model. No significant association between ALI and cancer mortality was observed (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.03).

Conclusion

ALI was significantly and inversely associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in asthma patients, particularly when ALI values were below 82.02 and 58.40, respectively, where the risk of mortality was substantially lower. These findings suggest that ALI may have clinical utility in assessing prognosis for asthma patients, especially in terms of cardiovascular risk evaluation.