bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing Throughput in Many Applications
Authors: Simon Markus , Vorndran Stefan
Published: April 2021

Cutting, drilling, welding, marking or structuring – lasers are used in a wide variety of applications in many industrial sectors to optimize manufacturing processes and satisfy the need for an ever increasing quality of components. This is especially true for the electronics and semiconductor industry, where requirements for accuracy and speed are higher than in most other applications.
The Critical Role of Validation in Micromolding
Authors: O'Leary David
Published: April 2021

The importance of the validation aspect of the offering is often not given the level of importance that it should have, but when you consider the old adage, “if you cannot measure it you cannot make it”, its fundamental role in a successful, cost‐effective, and ‘on time’ product development process is obvious.
Zero Tolerance for Errors
Authors: Weißhaar Jürgen P. , Brauer Matthias
Published: April 2021

Strict standards apply to lighting in operating theatres to ensure maximum safety during medical procedures. Quality measurements are an essential part of the end‐of‐line test.
Broadening the impact of plant science through innovative, integrative, and inclusive outreach
Authors: Friesner Joanna , Colón‐Carmona Adán , Schnoes Alexandra M. , Stepanova Anna , Mason Grace Alex , Macintosh Gustavo C. , Ullah Hemayat , Baxter Ivan , Callis Judy , Sierra‐Cajas Kimberly , Elliott Kiona , Haswell Elizabeth S. , Zavala Maria Elena , Wildermuth Mary , Williams Mary , Ayalew Mentewab , Henkhaus Natalie , Prunet Nathanaël , Lemaux Peggy G. , Yadegari Ramin , Amasino Rick , Hangarter Roger , Innes Roger , Brady Siobhan , Long Terri , Woodford‐Thomas Terry , May Victoria , Sun Ying , Dinneny José R.
Published: April 2021

Population growth and climate change will impact food security and potentially exacerbate the environmental toll that agriculture has taken on our planet. These existential concerns demand that a passionate, interdisciplinary, and diverse community of plant science professionals is trained during the 21st century. Furthermore, societal trends that question the importance of science and expert knowledge highlight the need to better communicate the value of rigorous fundamental scientific exploration. Engaging students and the general public in the wonder of plants, and science in general, requires renewed efforts that take advantage of advances in technology and new models of funding and knowledge dissemination. In November 2018, funded by the National Science Foundation through the Arabidopsis Research and Training for the 21st century (ART 21) research coordination network, a symposium and workshop were held that included a diverse panel of students, scientists, educators, and administrators from across the US. The purpose of the workshop was to re‐envision how outreach programs are funded, evaluated, acknowledged, and shared within the plant science community. One key objective was to generate a roadmap for future efforts. We hope that this document will serve as such, by providing a comprehensive resource for students and young faculty interested in developing effective outreach programs. We also anticipate that this document will guide the formation of community partnerships to scale up currently successful outreach programs, and lead to the design of future programs that effectively engage with a more diverse student body and citizenry.
Registration of Clearfield ‘CLL15’ southern long‐grain rice
Authors: Esguerra Manuel Q. , Sha Xueyan , Hardke Jarrod T. , Scott Robert C. , Wamishe Yeshi , Counce Paul A. , Bateman Nick , Beaty Bryan A. , Bulloch Jill M.
Published: April 2021

‘CLL15’ (Reg. no. CV‐154, PI 692952) is a high‐yielding, very early maturing, short‐stature Clearfield (BASF) long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with improved disease package developed by the University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center in Stuttgart, AR, and approved for release by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture in January 2019. It was selected from the cross of RU1302048/RU1302045 made in summer 2013. CLL15 was initiated as a F4 bulk of a single progeny row in the winter nursery near Lajas, Puerto Rico, in spring 2015. From 2016 to 2019, CLL15 was evaluated in 47 multilocation trials. Clearfield cultivars ’CL151’, ‘CL153’, and ‘CL172’ served as checks. Grain yield of CLL15 was 9.33 t ha−1 across all trials compared with 9.50 t ha−1 for ‘CL151’, 8.74 t ha−1 for CL153, and 8.74 t ha−1 for CL172. However, in the multilocation trials in Arkansas—Arkansas Rice Performance Trial and Producer Rice Evaluation Program—CLL15 consistently produced the highest grain yield, ranging from 8.80 to 10.31 t ha−1. Plant height of CLL15 was 97 cm, which is 2 cm taller than CL172, but shorter than 101 cm for CL151 and 99 cm for CL153. CLL15 reached 50% heading in 83 d, which was similar to CL151 and 2 d earlier than both CL153 and CL172. CLL15 is moderately resistant to blast and susceptible to sheath blight, bacterial panicle blight, kernel smut, and false smut.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown on symptom control in preschool children with recurrent wheezing
Authors: Ullmann Nicola , Allegorico Annalisa , Bush Andrew , Porcaro Federica , Negro Valentina , Onofri Alessandro , Cherchi Claudio , De Santis Simone , Rosito Lorenza , Cutrera Renato
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Preschool wheezers are at high risk of recurrent attacks triggered by respiratory viruses, sometimes exacerbated by exposure to allergens and pollution. Because of the COVID‐19 infection, the lockdown was introduced, but the effects on preschool wheezers are unknown. We hypothesized that there would be an improvement in outcomes during the lockdown, and these would be lost when the lockdown was eased.

Materials and Methods

Patients underwent medical visits before and after the COVID‐19 lockdown. We recorded the childhood Asthma Control Test (cACT) and a clinical questionnaire. Data on symptoms, the need for medications and the use of healthcare resources were recorded. We compared these data with retrospective reports from the preceding year and prospectively acquired questionnaires after lockdown.

Results

We studied 85 preschool wheezers, mean age 4.9 years. During the lockdown, cACT score was significantly higher (median 25 vs. 23); families reported a dramatic drop in wheezing episodes (51 vs. none), significant reductions in the day and nighttime symptoms, including episodes of shortness of breath (p < .0001); the use of salbutamol and oral corticosteroids (OCS) dropped significantly (p < .0001) and 79 (95%) patients needed no OCS bursts during the lockdown. Finally, patients had significantly fewer extra medical examinations, as well as fewer Emergency Room visits (p < .0001). All were improved compared with the same time period from the previous year, but outcomes worsened significantly again after lockdown (cACT median: 22).

Conclusions

During the national lockdown, children with persistent preschool wheeze showed a significant clinical improvement with reduction of respiratory symptoms, medication use for exacerbations, and use of healthcare resources. This trend reversed when lockdown restrictions were eased.
Comparison of two surgical techniques for the treatment of transverse olecranon fractures: A finite element study
Authors: Civan Osman , Ugur Levent , Yildiz Gurkan
Published: April 2021

Background

In this study, we aimed to compare the stability of traditional tension band wiring (TBW) and screw combined TBW (SC‐TBW) fixation methods performed for a transverse olecranon osteotomy‐fracture during different degrees of elbow movement by using finite element analysis.

Methods

Three‐dimensional solid modeling of the olecranon was obtained by computed tomography images. Transverse olecranon fracture was created and fixed by TBW and SC‐TBW with respect to triceps muscle force. Opening angle, twisting angle and interplanar translation occurring on the fracture line were evaluated at 45° and 90° elbow flexion.

Results

Opening angle: 0.71°, 0.87° at 45° and 0.64°, 0.67° at 90° elbow flexion for TBW and SC‐TBW, respectively. Twisting angle: −0.01°, −0.19° at 45° flexion and 0.19°, 0.30° at 90° flexion for TBW and SC‐TBW, respectively. Interplanar translation: 1.93 mm, 4.65 mm at 45° flexion and 1.78 mm, 3.95 mm at 90° flexion for TBW and SC‐TBW, respectively.

Conclusion

TBW fixation provides more stability than SC‐TBW fixation model.
Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors against Covid‐19 Main Protease: Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking and DFT Studies
Authors: Aouad Mohamed Reda , Khan Daoud J. O. , Said Musa A. , Al‐Kaff Nadia S. , Rezki Nadjet , Ali Adeeb A. , Bouqellah Nahla , Hagar Mohamed
Published: April 2021

The highly contagious nature of Covid‐19 attracted us to this challenging area of research, mainly because the disease is spreading very fast and until now, no effective method of a safe treatment or a vaccine is developed. A library of novel 1,2,3‐triazoles based 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole and/or 1,3,4‐thiadiazole scaffolds were designed and successfully synthesized. Different spectroscopic tools efficiently characterized all the newly synthesized hybrid molecules. An interesting finding is that some of the newly designed compounds revealed two isomeric forms. The ratio is affected by the size of the attached group as well as the type of the heteroatom forming the side ring attached to the central 1,2,3‐triazole ring. The experimental spectroscopic data is in agreement with the DFT calculations at B3LYP 6‐31G (d,p) with regard to the geometrical conformation of the prepared compounds. The DFT results revealed that the stability of one isomeric form over the other in the range of 0.057–0.161 Kcal mol−1. A docking study was performed using PyRx and AutoDockVina to investigate the activity of the prepared 1,2,3‐triazoles as antiviral agents. Bond affinity scores of the 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives were detected in the range of −6.0 to −8.8 kcal/mol showing binding to the active sites of the 6LU7 protease and hence could be anticipated to inhibit the activity of the enzyme. Verification of the docking results was performed using the Mpro alignment of coronaviruses substrate‐binding pockets of COVID‐19 against the ligands. As per these results, it can be proposed that the title hybrid molecules are acceptable candidates against COVID‐19 for possible medicinal agents.
Progress and Perspective on Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lu Yan , Wang Cong , Liu Qiang , Li Xiaoyan , Zhao Xinyu , Guo Zaiping
Published: April 2021

Rechargeable magnesium–sulfur (Mg‐S) batteries are emerging as a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage technologies owing to their prominent advantages in terms of high volumetric energy density, low cost, and enhanced safety. However, their practical implementation is facing great challenges in finding electrolytes that can fulfill a multitude of rigorous requirements along with efficient sulfur cathodes and magnesium anodes. This review highlights electrolyte design for reliable Mg‐S batteries in terms of efficient Mg‐based salt construction (cation/anion design of organomagnesium salt‐based electrolytes, optimization of all inorganic salt‐based electrolytes and choosing of simple salt‐based electrolytes), suitable solvent selection, and strategies for confronting corrosivity of Mg electrolytes. Before the comprehensive overview of the research status of Mg‐based electrolytes, the understanding of Mg–S electrochemistry and views on the recent progress and potential strategies for high‐performance S‐based cathode and Mg anode are also provided for a holistic insight into Mg–S systems. At the end, the perspectives on the possible research directions for constructing high performance practical Mg–S batteries are also shared.
Kathy Charmaz: Theory, Method, and Scholarly Identity
Authors: Low Jacqueline , Hyslop‐Margison Caitlin
Published: April 2021

Kathy Charmaz is arguably the most important member of the second generation of grounded theorists. In this paper we present our analysis of her research and published works in reference to the historical and biographic contexts that shaped them. Our analysis is framed by the sexpartite scholarly identity Charmaz developed over the course of the 55 years of her academic career, including: medical sociologist, symbolic interactionist, qualitative researcher, grounded theorist, public sociologist, and interpreter of the Chicago School Diaspora. We examine the significant theoretical, methodological, and substantive contributions she has made, such as her work on the implications of silences in qualitative interviewing, the necessity of contextualizing research, the gendered nature of living with chronic illness and disability, and most notably, the features of her own constructivist grounded theory. In doing so, we address tensions in her understanding of obdurate reality and theoretic saturation, as well as the perils of the unintended consequences of championing reflexivity. We conclude by conceptualizing how Charmaz's scholarly activities serve as a means by which Chicago School traditions are passed on to subsequent generations of symbolic interactionists and grounded theory researchers.
Comparative analysis of a model‐based systems engineering approach to a traditional systems engineering approach for architecting a robotic space system through knowledge categorization
Authors: Younse Paulo J. , Cameron Jessica E. , Bradley Thomas H.
Published: April 2021

This study compares the types and quantities of knowledge that are captured by a model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) approach and a traditional architecting approach to measure the benefits of the MBSE approach in managing the complexity of a robotic space system. The MBSE approach was implemented with Cameo Systems Modeler using Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and applied to architecting an orbiting sample Capture and Orient Module (COM) system concept for a Capture, Containment, and Return System payload concept for potential Mars Sample Return. An architecture framework was established, covering system, subsystem, and assembly levels, along with structure, behavior, data, and requirements perspectives. The COM system architecture was captured in parallel using both the MBSE and non‐MBSE approaches in order to provide a side‐by‐side comparison of the approaches. The approaches were evaluated based on how well each represented the information content of the COM system architecture. A total of 4389 knowledge elements were classified using the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy knowledge dimension and used to quantitatively compare the two approaches. The MBSE approach more completely captured architectural knowledge than the non‐MBSE approach. Limitations to the SysML‐based MBSE approach were also identified, including its ability to fully represent certain high‐level conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge such as design principles, design approaches and rationales, risks, development strategies and rationales, organizational core competencies, and requirement verification methods. The overall results demonstrate the benefits of MBSE in managing the complexity of robotic space systems and strengthen the case for adopting MBSE within the systems engineering community.
Heavy handed quest for fixed points in multiple coupling scalar theories in the ε expansion
Authors: Osborn Hugh , Stergiou Andreas
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The tensorial equations for non trivial fully interacting fixed points at lowest order in the ε expansion in 4 − ε and 3 − ε dimensions are analysed for N-component fields and corresponding multi-index couplings λ which are symmetric tensors with four or six indices. Both analytic and numerical methods are used. For N = 5, 6, 7 in the four-index case large numbers of irrational fixed points are found numerically where ‖λ‖2 is close to the bound found by Rychkov and Stergiou [1]. No solutions, other than those already known, are found which saturate the bound. These examples in general do not have unique quadratic invariants in the fields. For N ⩾ 6 the stability matrix in the full space of couplings always has negative eigenvalues. In the six index case the numerical search generates a very large number of solutions for N = 5.
Universal opening of four-loop scattering amplitudes to trees
Authors: Ramírez-Uribe Selomit , Hernández-Pinto Roger J. , Rodrigo Germán , Sborlini German F. R. , Torres Bobadilla William J.
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The perturbative approach to quantum field theories has made it possible to obtain incredibly accurate theoretical predictions in high-energy physics. Although various techniques have been developed to boost the efficiency of these calculations, some ingredients remain specially challenging. This is the case of multiloop scattering amplitudes that constitute a hard bottleneck to solve. In this paper, we delve into the application of a disruptive technique based on the loop-tree duality theorem, which is aimed at an efficient computation of such objects by opening the loops to nondisjoint trees. We study the multiloop topologies that first appear at four loops and assemble them in a clever and general expression, the N4MLTuniversal topology. This general expression enables to open any scattering amplitude of up to four loops, and also describes a subset of higher order configurations to all orders. These results confirm the conjecture of a factorized opening in terms of simpler known subtopologies, which also determines how the causal structure of the entire loop amplitude is characterized by the causal structure of its subtopologies. In addition, we confirm that the loop-tree duality representation of the N4MLT universal topology is manifestly free of noncausal thresholds, thus pointing towards a remarkably more stable numerical implementation of multiloop scattering amplitudes.
Crossing symmetry for long multiplets in 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SCFTs
Authors: Burić Ilija , Schomerus Volker , Sobko Evgeny
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In this work we construct the crossing symmetry equations for mixed correlators of two long and two BPS operators in 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs. The analysis presented here illustrates how our general group theoretic approach to long superblocks and tensor structures of superconformal algebras can be applied to give explicit ready-to-use expressions. In the case at hand, we obtain a system of four crossing symmetry equations for the relevant OPE coefficients. One of these four equations coincides with the equation found and analysed by Li, Meltzer and Stergiou by restricting to the superprimary component of the long multiplets. The other three equations are new and they provide powerful additional constraints on the same OPE data.
On next to soft threshold corrections to DIS and SIA processes
Authors: Ajjath A. H. , Mukherjee Pooja , Ravindran V. , Sankar Aparna , Tiwari Surabhi
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We study the perturbative structure of threshold enhanced logarithms in the coefficient functions of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) and semi-inclusive e+e− annihilation (SIA) processes and setup a framework to sum them up to all orders in perturbation theory. Threshold logarithms show up as the distributions ((1−z)−1 logi(1−z))+ from the soft plus virtual (SV) and as logarithms logi(1−z) from next to SV (NSV) contributions. We use the Sudakov differential and the renormalisation group equations along with the factorisation properties of parton level cross sections to obtain the resummed result which predicts SV as well as next to SV contributions to all orders in strong coupling constant. In Mellin N space, we resum the large logarithms of the form logi(N) keeping 1/N corrections. In particular, the towers of logarithms, each of the form $$ {a}_s^n/{N}^{\alpha }{\log}^{2n-\alpha }(N),{a}_s^n/{N}^{\alpha }{\log}^{2n-1-\alpha }(N)\cdots $$

a
s
n

/

N
α

log

2
n
−
α

N

,

a
s
n

/

N
α

log

2
n
−
1
−
α

N

⋯
etc for α = 0, 1, are summed to all orders in as.
Surface defects in holographic 5d SCFTs
Authors: Gutperle Michael , Uhlemann Christoph F.
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We use holography to study codimension-2 surface defects in 5d SCFTs engineered by (p, q) 5-brane webs. The three-dimensional defects are realized by D3-branes ending on the brane web. We identify the holographic representation of the defects in Type IIB AdS6 solutions as probe D3-branes, and study conformal and non-conformal defects which, respectively, preserve one half and one quarter of the supersymmetry. For a sample of 5d SCFTs, including the TN theories, we provide explicit solutions for conformal and non-conformal defects. For the conformal defects we obtain their contribution to the free energy on S5.
INTEGRABILITY OF CLASSICAL AFFINE W-ALGEBRAS
Authors: SOLE ALBERTO DE , JIBLADZE MAMUKA , KAC VICTOR G. , VALERI DANIELE
Published: April 2021

We prove that all classical affineW-algebras 𝒲(𝔤;f), where g is a simple Lie algebra andfis its non-zero nilpotent element, admit an integrable hierarchy of bi-Hamiltonian PDEs, except possibly for one nilpotent conjugacy class in G2, one in F4, and five in E8.
Sustainability and tool wear of titanium alloy thread cutting in dry and cryogenic conditions
Authors: Zawada-Tomkiewicz Anna , Żurawski Łukasz , Tomkiewicz Dariusz , Szafraniec Filip
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the effect of cryogenic cooling on the tool wear in thread turning tests. The tool wear and its influence on the thread accuracy were investigated. Two different grades of titanium alloys were used for comparative purposes. The excellent performance characteristics of titanium alloys pose machining problems, causing high unit forces at the edge of the tool leading to chipping and premature tool failure. In turn, the low thermal conductivity of pure titanium affects the heat distribution in the cutting zone. The heat is not absorbed by the material being machined but accumulates in the tool, causing an increase in diffusion and chemical wear. The results of cutting tests using liquid nitrogen showed lower values of wear on the major and minor tool flank. The edge reduction of the tool was also significantly less during cryogenic machining. The analysis of the formation of wear marks and the blade wear mechanisms was carried out for the tool rake face. The tests were carried out using the SEM method and confirmed by EDS analyses. In order to compare the course of tool wear over time, a mathematical model was developed, which results from the course of phenomena during cutting. It consists of two complementary equations. The first equation is characteristic for the first cutting phase and results from the loads imposed on the blade and aims at thermodynamic equilibrium. It is a period of stable tool operation and constant wear intensity. The second equation concerns crossing the equilibrium point followed by the process of accumulation of elementary wear phenomena. These phenomena accumulate until the blade is completely worn-out. The use of blade wear development models to determine the expected blade life allowed to confirm the beneficial effect of cryogenic cooling on the course of the blade wear process when cutting threads for two different titanium alloys.
A PDE Construction of the Euclidean $$\Phi ^4_3$$ Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Gubinelli Massimiliano , Hofmanová Martina
Published: April 2021

We present a new construction of the Euclidean $$\Phi ^4$$

Φ
4

quantum field theory on $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

based on PDE arguments. More precisely, we consider an approximation of the stochastic quantization equation on $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

defined on a periodic lattice of mesh size $$\varepsilon $$
ε
and side length M. We introduce a new renormalized energy method in weighted spaces and prove tightness of the corresponding Gibbs measures as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

, $$M \rightarrow \infty $$

M
→
∞

. Every limit point is non-Gaussian and satisfies reflection positivity, translation invariance and stretched exponential integrability. These properties allow to verify the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms for a Euclidean QFT apart from rotation invariance and clustering. Our argument applies to arbitrary positive coupling constant, to multicomponent models with O(N) symmetry and to some long-range variants. Moreover, we establish an integration by parts formula leading to the hierarchy of Dyson–Schwinger equations for the Euclidean correlation functions. To this end, we identify the renormalized cubic term as a distribution on the space of Euclidean fields.
International Response under the Antarctic Treaty System to the Establishment of A Non-native Fly in Antarctica
Authors: León Mónica Remedios-De , Hughes Kevin Andrew , Morelli Enrique , Convey Peter
Published: April 2021

Antarctica currently has few non-native species, compared to other regions of the planet, due to the continent’s isolation, extreme climatic conditions and the lack of habitat. However, human activity, particularly the activities of national government operators and tourism, increasingly contributes to the risk of non-native species transfer and establishment. Trichocera (Saltitrichocera) maculipennis Meigen, 1888 (Diptera, Trichoceridae) is a non-native fly originating from the Northern Hemisphere that was unintentionally introduced to King George Island in the maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands around 15 years ago, since when it has been reported within or in the vicinity of several research stations. It is not explicitly confirmed that T. maculipennis has established in the natural environment, but life-history characteristics make this likely, thereby making potential eradication or control a challenge. Antarctic Treaty Parties active in the region are developing a coordinated and expanding international response to monitor and control T. maculipennis within and around stations in the affected area. However, there remains no overarching non-native invasive species management plan for the island or the wider maritime Antarctic region (which shares similar environmental conditions and habitats to those of King George Island). Here we present some options towards the development of such a plan. We recommend the development of (1) clear mechanisms for the timely coordination of response activities by multiple Parties operating in the vicinity of the introduction location and (2) policy guidance on acceptable levels of environmental impacts resulting from eradication attempts in the natural environment, including the use of pesticides.
Caucasians with acral lentiginous melanoma have the same outcome as patients with stage- and limb-matched superficial spreading melanoma
Authors: Susok Laura , Gambichler Thilo
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), a relatively rare subtype of cutaneous melanoma, has been reported to have a worse prognosis than other melanomas. We aimed to assess clinical findings in Caucasian ALM patients and compare the data with a matched cohort of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) patients.

Methods

We studied 63 patients with ALM and 63 randomly stage- and limb-matched patients with SSM (non-ALM). In both cohorts, guideline-adjusted diagnosis, treatment and follow-up were performed.

Results

We did not observe differences in prognostic factors (e.g., tumor thickness, ulceration) between the two cohorts. Both in ALM and non-ALM patients positive sentinel lymph node was a significant independent predictor for disease relapse and melanoma-specific death. However, disease relapse and melanoma-specific death rates did not significantly differ between ALM and non-ALM patients. An overall 5-year melanoma-specific survival of 82.5% and 81% was observed in ALM and non-ALM patients, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data confirm that patients with ALM have no worse outcome than non-ALM patients when correcting for significant prognostic factors. Hence, the reportedly high rates of fatal ALM cases should not be ascribed to pathobiological differences between ALM and non-ALM but are most likely are a consequence of a delay in diagnosis and thus advanced stage of ALM.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection versus endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of colonic neoplastic lesions ≤ 30 mm—a single-center experience
Authors: Falt Přemysl , Zapletalová Jana , Urban Ondřej
Published: April 2021

Endoscopic full-thickness resection (FTR) is a novel technique of endoscopic treatment of colorectal neoplastic lesions not suitable for endoscopic polypectomy or mucosal resection. FTR appears to be a reasonable alternative to technically demanding endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for lesions ≤ 30 mm. However, comparison between FTR and ESD has not been published yet and their mutual positioning in the treatment algorithm is still unclear. The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate efficacy and safety of FTR in the treatment of colorectal lesions ≤ 30 mm by comparing prospectively followed FTR cohort to retrospective ESD cohort in the setting of single tertiary endoscopy center. Primary outcomes were technical success rate, R0 resection and curative resection rate, and complication rate. A total of 52 patients in FTR and 50 patients in ESD group were treated between 2015 and 2018. Technical success rate was significantly higher in FTR group (92 vs. 74%, P = 0.01) as well as R0 resection rate (85 vs. 62%, P = 0.01) and curative resection rate (75 vs. 56%, P = 0.01). Complications occurred more frequently in ESD group (40 vs. 13%, P = 0.002), mainly due to high incidence of electrocoagulation syndrome (24 vs. 0%). Total procedure time was substantially shorter in FTR group (26.4 ± 11.0 min vs. estimated 90–240 min). Local residual neoplastic lesions were detected numerically more often in FTR group (12 vs. 5%, P = 0.12). No patient died during follow-up. Compared to ESD, FTR proved significantly higher technical success rate, higher R0 and curative resection rate, and shorter procedure time. In the FTR group, there were significantly less complications but higher incidence of local residual neoplasia. Further research including randomized trials is needed to compare both resection techniques.
Correction to: Prenatal attachment: Using measurement invariance to test the validity of comparisons across eight culturally diverse countries
Authors: Foley Sarah , Hughes Claire , Murray Aja Louise , Baban Adriana , Fernando Asvini D. , Madrid Bernadette , Osafo Joseph , Sikander Siham , Abbasi Fahad , Walker Susan , Van Thang Vo , Luong-Thanh Bao-Yen , Tomlinson Mark , Fearon Pasco , Ward Catherine L. , Valdebenito Sara , Eisner Manuel
Published: April 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-021-01122-7
Narrative Medicine to integrate patients’, caregivers’ and clinicians’ migraine experiences: the DRONE multicentre project
Authors: Tonini Maria Clara , Fiorencis Alessandra , Iannacchero Rosario , Zampolini Mauro , Cappuccio Antonietta , Raddino Raffaella , Grillo Elisabetta , Albanese Maria , Allais Gianni , Bassano Marco André , Brighina Filippo , Carboni Terenzio , Frediani Fabio , Grazzi Licia , Mastrandrea Carmela , Moschiano Franca , Poeta Maria Gabriella , Ranieri Angelo , Turrini Renato , Marini Maria Giulia
Published: April 2021

Background

Although migraine is widespread and disabling, stigmatisation and poor awareness of the condition still represent barriers to effective care; furthermore, research on migraine individual and social impact must be enhanced to unveil neglected issues, such as caregiving burden. The project investigated the migraine illness experience through Narrative Medicine (NM) to understand daily life, needs and personal resources of migraneurs, their caregivers and clinicians, and to provide insights for clinical practice.

Methods

The project involved 13 Italian headache centres and targeted migraneurs, their caregivers and migraine specialists at these centres. Written narratives, composed by a sociodemographic survey and illness plot or parallel chart, were collected through the project’s webpage. Illness plots and parallel charts employed open words to encourage participants’ expression. Narratives were analysed through Nvivo software, interpretive coding and NM classifications.

Results

One hundred and seven narratives were collected from patients and 26 from caregivers, as well as 45 parallel charts from clinicians. The analysis revealed migraine perception in social, domestic and work life within the care pathway evolution and a bond between chaos narratives and day loss due to migraine; furthermore, narratives suggested the extent of the caregiving burden and a risk of underestimation of migraine burden in patients’ and caregivers’ life.

Conclusion

The project represents the first investigation on migraine illness experience through NM simultaneously considering migraneurs’, caregivers’ and clinicians’ perspectives. Comparing narratives and parallel charts allowed to obtain suggestions for clinical practice, while NM emerged as able to foster the pursuing of migraine knowledge and awareness.
Density trends of wild felids in northern Laos
Authors: Rasphone Akchousanh , Kamler Jan F. , Tobler Mathias , Macdonald David W.
Published: April 2021

Determining the density trends of a guild of species can help illuminate their interactions, and the impacts that humans might have on them. We estimated the density trends from 2013 to 2017 of the clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis and marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata in Nam Et—Phou Louey National Park (NEPL), Laos, using camera trap data and spatial capture-recapture models. Mean (± SD) density estimates (individuals/100 km2) for all years were 1.77 ± 0.30 for clouded leopard, 1.50 ± 0.30 for leopard cat, and 3.80 ± 0.70 for marbled cat. There was a declining trend in density across the study years for all three species, with a ≥ 90% probability of decline for clouded leopard and leopard cat and an 83% probability of decline for marbled cat. There was no evidence that mesopredator release occurred as a result of tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (P. pardus) extirpations. We believe that snaring, the factor that led to the extirpation of tiger and leopard in NEPL, is now contributing to the decline of smaller felids, to an extent that over-rides any potential effects of mesopredator release on their densities and interactions. We recommend that the NEPL managers implement a more systematic and intensified snare removal program, in concert with extensive community outreach and engagement of local people to prevent the setting of snares. These actions might be the only hope for saving the remaining members of the felid community in NEPL.
Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer
Authors: Jouida Amina , McCarthy Cormac , Fabre Aurelie , Keane Michael P.
Published: April 2021

Exosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exosomes as novel biomarkers in early detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
A Comparative Analysis of Parsimonious Yield Curve Models with Focus on the Nelson-Siegel, Svensson and Bliss Versions
Authors: Wahlstrøm Ranik Raaen , Paraschiv Florentina , Schürle Michael
Published: April 2021

We shed light on computational challenges when fitting the Nelson-Siegel, Bliss and Svensson parsimonious yield curve models to observed US Treasury securities with maturities up to 30 years. As model parameters have a specific financial meaning, the stability of their estimated values over time becomes relevant when their dynamic behavior is interpreted in risk-return models. Our study is the first in the literature that compares the stability of estimated model parameters among different parsimonious models and for different approaches for predefining initial parameter values. We find that the Nelson-Siegel parameter estimates are more stable and conserve their intrinsic economical interpretation. Results reveal in addition the patterns of confounding effects in the Svensson model. To obtain the most stable and intuitive parameter estimates over time, we recommend the use of the Nelson-Siegel model by taking initial parameter values derived from the observed yields. The implications of excluding Treasury bills, constraining parameters and reducing clusters across time to maturity are also investigated.
Do teamwork experience and self-regulated learning determine the performance of students in an online educational technology course?
Authors: Oyelere Solomon Sunday , Olaleye Sunday Adewale , Balogun Oluwafemi Samson , Tomczyk Łukasz
Published: April 2021

This study uses the quantitative research approach to examine the connection between students’ teamwork experience, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and performance in an online educational technology course. Sixty-three (63) students participated in this study. The study data were collected through an online questionnaire that included background information, course satisfaction, motivation strategies for learning, and online technology self-efficacy, to study the variables’ interactions using quantitative research. To realize this study’s aims, multivariate regression and correlation approaches were employed to analyze the online students’ data. The multivariate regression analysis results show a relationship between self-regulated learning, the online course level, and the number of online courses that the students have completed. Right self-regulated learning strategies in online courses motivate students to strive for a good teamwork experience, leading to increased interest in online learning. In addition, the results also show that there is a relationship between satisfaction and the level of the online course. Achieving good grades makes the student more satisfied and improves the level of technology use. Finally, this study established a relationship between the students’ motivation and the online course level. Therefore, teachers and course designers should implement learning objects that promote students’ engagement and motivation in online learning environments.
High-power, short-duration ablation in the coronary sinus: clinical cases and preliminary observations on swine hearts
Authors: Ma Chengming , Yin Xiaomeng , Xia Yunlong , Sun Jiao , Dai Shiyu , Gao Lianjun , Xiao Xianjie , Sun Yuanjun , Zhang Rongfeng , Dong Yingxue , Wang Zhongzhen , Yu Xiaohong
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Coronary sinus-related arrhythmias are common; however, it is difficult to perform radiofrequency (RF) ablation at these sites efficiently and safely. High-power, short-duration ablation (HPSD) is a proven alternative strategy for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI); whether it can be applied to ablation of the coronary sinus is unknown. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of HPSD ablation in the coronary sinus.

Methods

Firstly, we demonstrated 4 clinical cases of 3 types of arrhythmias who had unsuccessful ablation with standard power initially, but received successful ablations with HPSD. Secondly, RF ablation was performed in the coronary sinus ostium (CSO) and middle cardiac vein (MCV) of 4 in vitro swine hearts. Two protocols were compared: HPSD (45 W/5 S×5 rounds) and a conventional strategy that used low-power, long-duration ablation (LPLD: 25 W/10 S ×5 rounds). The total duration of HPSD protocol was 25 s, and which of LPLD was 50 s.

Results

A total of 28 lesions were created. HPSD can produce longer, wider, deeper, and larger lesions than LPLD. This difference was more pronounced when the ablation was in the MCV. One instance of steam pop occurred during LPLD in the MCV.

Conclusions

HPSD is an effective alternative strategy for ablation in coronary sinus according to clinical applications and preliminary animal study. However, the safety needs to be further evaluated based on more animal and clinical studies.
Intraoperative impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation and delayed neurocognitive recovery after major oncologic surgery: a secondary analysis of pooled data
Authors: Kahl Ursula , Rademacher Cornelius , Harler Ulrich , Juilfs Neelke , Pinnschmidt Hans O. , Beck Stefanie , Dohrmann Thorsten , Zöllner Christian , Fischer Marlene
Published: April 2021

Cerebral blood flow is tightly regulated by cerebrovascular autoregulation (CVA), and intraoperative impairment of CVA has been linked with perioperative neurocognitive disorders. We aim to assess whether impairment of CVA during major oncologic surgery is associated with delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNCR) postoperatively. We performed a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients were included if they had undergone complete pre- and postoperative neuropsychological assessments, continuous intraoperative measurement of CVA, and major oncologic surgery for visceral, urological, or gynecological cancer. Intraoperative CVA was measured using the time-correlation method based on near-infrared-spectroscopy, and DNCR was assessed with a neuropsychological test battery. A decline in cognitive function before hospital discharge compared with a preoperative baseline assessment was defined as DNCR. One hundred ninety-five patients were included in the analysis. The median age of the study population was 65 years (IQR: 60–68); 11 patients (5.6%) were female. Forty-one patients (21.0%) fulfilled the criteria for DNCR in the early postoperative period. We found a significant association between impaired intraoperative CVA and DNCR before hospital discharge (OR = 1.042 [95% CI: 1.005; 1.080], p = 0.028). The type of surgery (radical prostatectomy vs. other major oncologic surgery; OR = 0.269 [95% CI: 0.099; 0.728], p = 0.010) and premedication with midazolam (OR = 3.360 [95% CI: 1.039; 10.870], p = 0.043) were significantly associated with the occurrence of DNCR in the early postoperative period. Intraoperative impairment of CVA is associated with postoperative neurocognitive function early after oncologic surgery. Therefore, intraoperative monitoring of CVA may be a target for neuroprotective interventions. The initial studies were retrospectively registered with primary clinical trial registries recognized by the World Health Organization (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: DRKS00010014, 21.03.2016 and NCT04101006, 24.07.2019).
Matrix composition mediates effects of habitat fragmentation: a modelling study
Authors: Chetcuti Jordan , Kunin William E. , Bullock James M.
Published: April 2021

Context

Habitat loss has clear negative effects on biodiversity, but whether fragmentation per se (FPS), excluding habitat loss does is debatable. A contribution to this debate may be that many fragmentation studies tend to use landscapes of fragmented focal-habitat and a single vastly different species-poor intervening land cover (the matrix).

Objectives

How does matrix composition influence the effect of FPS on biodiversity?.

Methods

Using an individual-based model to investigate the effect of different configurations of the matrix on the relationship between FPS and biodiversity of the focal-habitat. We manipulated the number and quality of land cover types in the matrix, and their similarity to the focal-habitat.

Results

Extremely different matrix, caused an order of magnitude stronger effect of FPS on alpha- and gamma-diversity and beta-diversity to decline. Low FPS led to high gamma-diversity. Increasing FPS caused a dramatic decline to low diversity. In contrast landscapes with a more similar matrix had lower diversity under low FPS declining little with increasing FPS. Having few matrix types caused beta-diversity to decline in general compared to landscapes with a larger numbers.

Conclusions

The effects of FPS on biodiversity may change depending on the number of matrix types and their similarity to the focal-habitat. We recommend that fragmentation studies should consider a greater variety of landscapes to help assess in which cases FPS does not have a negative impact and allow better predictions of the impacts of fragmentation. We show the importance of having a diversity of matrix land cover types and improving the hospitability of the matrix for species dependent on the focal-habitat.
GliPR1 knockdown by RNA interference exerts anti‐glioma effects in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Scheuring Urban J. , Ritter Steffi , Martin Daniel , Schackert Gabriele , Temme Achim , Tietze Stefanie
Published: April 2021

Introduction

In human glioblastomas, glioma pathogenesis-related protein1 (GliPR1) is overexpressed and appears to be an oncoprotein. We investigated whether GliPR1 knockdown in glioma cells by RNA interference exerts anti-glioma effects.

Methods

Experiments used human glioblastoma cell lines transduced with GliPR1 shRNA (sh#301, sh#258). Transduction produced stringent doxycycline-dependent GliPR1 knockdown in clones (via lentiviral “all-in-one” TetOn-shRNA vector) or stable GliPR1 knockdown in polyclonal cells (via constitutive retroviral-shRNA vector). In vitro assessments included cellular proliferation and clonogenic survival. In vivo assessments in tumor-bearing nude mice included tumor growth and survival.

Results

Using doxycycline-dependent GliPR1 knockdown, shGliPR1-transduced U87-MG clones demonstrated reductions in cellular proliferation in the presence versus absence of doxycycline. Using stable GliPR1 knockdown, polyclonal shGliPR1-transduced U87-MG, A172, and U343-MG cells consistently showed decreased clonogenic survival and induced apoptosis (higher proportion of early apoptotic cells) compared to control shLuc-transduced cells. In tumor-bearing nude mice, using doxycycline-dependent GliPR1 knockdown, subcutaneous and cranial transplantation of the U87-MG clone 980-5 (transduced with GliPR1 sh#301) resulted in reduced subcutaneous tumor volume and cerebral tumor area in doxycycline-treated mice versus those left untreated. Using stable GliPR1 knockdown, nude mice cranially transplanted with polyclonal U87-MG cells transduced with GliPR1 sh#258 had significantly prolonged survival compared to mice cranially transplanted with control shLuc-transduced cells (41 versus 26 days; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

GliPR1 knockdown in glioma cells decreased cellular proliferation, decreased clonogenic survival, and induced apoptosis in vitro, and reduced glioblastoma tumor growth and prolonged survival in vivo. These findings support that GliPR1 may have potential value as a therapeutic target.