bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat selection of endemic birds in temperate forests in a biodiversity "Hotspot"
Authors: Moreno-García Roberto A. , Zamora Ricardo , Herrera Miguel A.
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: Our objective was to find habitat associations at a microhabitat level for two endemic birds in a Chilean temperate forest (biodiversity “hotspots”), in order to integrate biodiversity into forest planning.Area of study: Nahuelbuta Range, Chile.Material and methods: The two birds studied were Scelorchilus rubecula (Chucao Tapaculo) and Scytalopus magellanicus (Magellanic Tapaculo), both belonging to the Rhinocryptidae family. Presence or absence of the two species was sampled in 57 census spots. Habitat was categorized according to presence/absence results. We assessed the influence of abiotic variables (altitude, exposure, slope) and vegetation structure (percentage of understory cover, number of strata) using a statistical cluster analysis.Main results: The two bird species selected the habitat. Most frequent presence was detected at a range of 600-1100 masl, but Magellanic Tapaculo was associated to more protected sites in terms of vegetation structure (50-75% for understory cover and 2-3 strata). Slope was the most relevant abiotic variable in habitat selection due to its linkage to vegetation traits in this area.Research highlights: Our results can help managers to integrate biodiversity (endemic fauna species) into forest planning by preserving certain traits of the vegetation as part of a habitat (at a microhabitat level) selected by the fauna species. That planning should be implemented with both an adequate wood harvesting cuts system and specific silvicultural treatments.Key words: Chile; Nahuelbuta; rhinocryptidae; cluster analysis; rorest planning; vegetation structure.
Ectomycorrhizal communities above and below ground and truffle productivity in a Tuber aestivum orchard
Authors: Salerni Elena , D'Aguanno Maria , Leonardi Pamela , Perini Claudia
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: The diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities (EM) above (EMFb) and below (EMMt) ground associated with Quercus cerris L., Q. pubescens Willd., and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold was analyzed.Area of study: A 20 year-old orchard that produces Tuber aestivum truffles, located a few kilometers from Chiusi della Verna (latitude 43° 41’ 53’’; longitude 11° 56’ 9’’) in Tuscany (central Italy) was observed.Material and Methods: This investigation combined analyses of EMFb, EMMt, T. aestivum productivity, different host trees, and statistical data on community ecology.Main results: The EM communities showed high species richness and differed slightly in relation to both the host tree and their location above or below ground, providing frequent findings of Tricholoma and Tomentella, respectively. Positive correlations were found between the number of truffles and host trees, and between the weight and number of truffles and EMFb.Research highlights: Mycorrhizal fungi and truffle production are not in competition.Key words: Fungal communities; fruiting bodies; morphotypes; Tuber aestivum; competition; Italy.
Empirical or rational truffle cultivation? It is time to choose.
Authors: Chevalier Gerard , Pargney Jean C.
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to finalize a new method of truffle cultivation in order to obtain an earlier, more regular and  sizeable production of high quality fruiting bodies. Area of study: The experimentation was carried out in France (country of Dordogne, south-western  France)  and Italy (country of  Marches,   eastern central Italy) for more than one  decade.Material and methods: For the first time the method is based on scientific data on truffle biology particularly: the dynamic system of mycorrhization by the truffle and by other fungi;  the saprophytic capability of the truffle; the ability of its mycelium for decomposing certain minerals and organic materials in the “brûlés”.The basic principle concern the work of the soil and the upkeep of the root system: to work the soil  immediately after the plantation of mycorrhizal seedlings, deeply enough, with adapted tools,  in order to do not compact the soil,  aerate it,  favour the production of deep fruiting bodies not exposed to high temperatures, dryness, frost, parasites… ;  cut accurately  the roots in order to regenerate them and consequently to provide food for the truffle mycelium.Main results: The result has been a new cultivation method designated “differentiated” and called “MRT”, with adapted work of the soil on the lines of plantation and upkeep of the grass between them,  to maintain the cohabitation between areas where the mycelium is present, from those where it is absent.Research highlights: Research is going on to improve   the techniques and particularly finalize tools more precise and more adapted for working the soil and maintaining  the root system in a  best way.  Keywords: truffle; production; nutrition; soil, root system; cultivation tools.
Natural production of Tuber aestivum in central Spain: Pinus spp. versus Quercus spp. brûlés
Authors: Garcia-Montero Luis G. , Moreno Domingo , Monleon Vicente J. , Arredondo-Ruiz Fernando
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: Tuber aestivum is the most widespread edible truffle, with increasing commercial interest. This species can produce carpophores with conifer hosts, in contrast with the inability of Pinus spp. to induce fruiting in other truffle species such as Tuber melanosporum. Therefore the objective is to compare the characteristics and carpophore production of T. aestivum brûlés associated with Pinus spp. versus Quercus spp.Area of study: We studied the natural habitats of T. aestivum in the Alto Tajo Nature Reserve in central Spain.Material and methods: During 5 years, we monitored the production of carpophores and brûlé size of 145 T. aestivum brûlés associated with Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanni and P. sylvestris and Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Q. faginea hosts. Statistical treatment was performed using the Statistica Program v. 6.Main Results: The size of brûlés associated with Pinus was significantly smaller than that of brûlés associated with Quercus. However, carpophore production per brûlé, and especially for brûlés of similar size, was greater when the host plant was a pine. After accounting for brûlé size, the production of brûlés associated with Pinus spp. was 2.23 (95% CI, between 1.35 and 3.69) and 1.61 (95% CI, between 1.02 and 2.54) times greater than the production of brûlés associated with Quercus faginea and Q. ilex subsp. ballota, respectively.Research highlights: The considerable ability of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanni and P. sylvestris to form effective brûlés and to produce carpophores of Tuber aestivum in natural conditions was clearly demonstrated, and suggest that those species can be of use in the culture of T. aestivum.Key words: Summer truffle; Tuber aestivum; truffle culture; truffle ecology; Pinus spp.; Quercus spp.
Successful femtosecond LASIK flap creation despite multiple suction losses
Authors: Syed Zeba A. , Melki Samir A.
Published: July 2014

We present a case of successful completion of a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure despite 5 episodes of suction loss during femtosecond flap creation in a 30-year-old man with no risk factors. The patient had an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes at his 2-month follow-up visit. Our experience in this case shows that multiple suction losses during femtosecond LASIK flap creation do not preclude completion of a successful procedure with excellent visual outcomes. Caution and technique modification are advised if multiple laser passes are applied to avoid creating multiplanar flaps.
A 15-year-old girl with variable anisocoria
Authors: Tomsak Robert L. , Coleman Michael J.
Published: July 2014

A 15-year-old young woman presented with a 4-month history of variable anisocoria and fluctuating blurred vision. Past medical history was significant for migraines, which were well controlled by amlotriptan. She denied a history of trauma, use of topical medications, or a worsening or change in her headaches. She also denied having visual phenomenon associated with her previous headaches.
Le sentiment de sécurité chez les personnes âgées dans les habitations à loyer modique
Authors: Duguay Benoit , Bamba Moustapha , Boulard Danièle
Published: July 2014

Plusieurs recherches montrent l’impact de la violence et de la criminalité sur le sentiment de sécurité. À ce titre, tous les types de délits peuvent faire naître un sentiment d’insécurité, des crimes les plus graves ‒ l’homicide ‒ aux méfaits moins violents ‒ le vandalisme ‒ en particulier chez les personnes âgées. Cet article rapporte les résultats d’une étude du sentiment de sécurité, réalisée par le biais d’une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 380 personnes âgées résidant dans une habitation à loyer modique. Notre étude confirme que les problèmes vécus dans certains arrondissements de centre-ville sont en passe de s’étendre à la banlieue.
Fonctions et limites de la participation publique
Authors: Gagnon Éric , Clément Michèle , Deshaies Marie-Hélène , Raizenne Émilie
Published: July 2014

Les comités de résidents en centre d’hébergement font partie d’un vaste réseau de comités implantés dans l’ensemble des établissements de santé et de services sociaux au Québec. Composés de résidents des centres d’hébergement et de proches parents, ils se réunissent pour discuter de leurs préoccupations et de leurs besoins, et formuler des demandes et des recommandations à la direction touchant les conditions de vie, le respect des droits et la qualité des services. Leur statut et leur mandat incertains posent la question de leur autonomie au sein des établissements et de leur capacité à changer et à élargir la compréhension des problèmes. Nous montrons comment ces mécanismes de participation publique s’insèrent dans l’organisation et deviennent un instrument de gestion, mais comment aussi ils parviennent à acquérir une autonomie, à apporter un point de vue original sur les réalités discutées et à exercer une influence.
Instabilité des unions libres
Authors: Le Bourdais Céline , Lapierre-Adamcyk Évelyne , Roy Alain
Published: July 2014

Cet article porte sur la signification de l’union libre analysée à travers le prisme de l’instabilité conjugale. Dans une perspective comparative, on montre que l’union libre, plus répandue au Québec, y est plus stable qu’ailleurs au Canada, où la popularité du mariage est plus intense. Partout au Canada, le mariage tend à réduire l’instabilité parmi les couples dont la vie conjugale s’est amorcée par une union libre, et ce, de façon plus importante que l’arrivée d’un enfant. De plus, on observe que ce n’est qu’après une durée de vie commune assez longue que les conjoints de fait qui ont un enfant se rapprochent des couples mariés.
Ville ou banlieue?
Authors: Jean Sandrine
Published: July 2014

Bon an, mal an, environ 20 000 personnes quittent la Ville de Montréal pour s’établir en banlieue. Dans ce contexte de concurrence pour attirer les jeunes ménages, nous nous sommes penchés sur les choix résidentiels de familles de la classe moyenne en faveur de la ville centrale ou de la banlieue. Cinquante et une entrevues approfondies ont été menées en 2011-2012 dans deux quartiers de la région métropolitaine de Montréal, l’un représentant la banlieue, Vimont-Auteuil, l’autre la ville centrale, Ahuntsic. Au-delà du prix des logements, les choix résidentiels des familles sont liés aux représentations de la ville et de la banlieue, aux usages du quartier et du chez-soi, à leur mobilité quotidienne, leur identité, et en somme leurs modes de vie. Les images négatives de la vie de famille en ville véhiculées par les banlieusards de même que la vision stéréotypée de la banlieue dépeinte par les urbains donnent à penser que l’opposition ville/banlieue est loin d’être caduque, du moins dans les représentations que s’en font encore aujourd’hui les jeunes familles de la classe moyenne.
Integrated action of pheromone signals in promoting courtship behavior in male mice
Authors: Haga-Yamanaka Sachiko , Ma Limei , He Jie , Qiu Qiang , Lavis Luke D , Looger Loren L , Yu C Ron
Published: July 2014

The mammalian vomeronasal organ encodes pheromone information about gender, reproductive status, genetic background and individual differences. It remains unknown how pheromone information interacts to trigger innate behaviors. In this study, we identify vomeronasal receptors responsible for detecting female pheromones. A sub-group of V1re clade members recognizes gender-identifying cues in female urine. Multiple members of the V1rj clade are cognate receptors for urinary estrus signals, as well as for sulfated estrogen (SE) compounds. In both cases, the same cue activates multiple homologous receptors, suggesting redundancy in encoding female pheromone cues. Neither gender-specific cues nor SEs alone are sufficient to promote courtship behavior in male mice, whereas robust courtship behavior can be induced when the two cues are applied together. Thus, integrated action of different female cues is required in pheromone-triggered mating behavior. These results suggest a gating mechanism in the vomeronasal circuit in promoting specific innate behavior.
Where Local Matters: Impacts of a Major North Sea Storm Surge
Authors: Spencer Thomas , Brooks Susan M. , Möller Iris , Evans Ben R.
Published: July 2014

Storm surge impacts on low‐lying coasts threaten vulnerable human communities on a global scale. On 5–6 December 2013, the margins of the southern North Sea experienced the most significant storm surge in 60 years. Detailed ground surveys immediately following the surge documented considerable variability in inundation levels, with implications for surge forecasting and societal responses to extreme coastal floods.
The responses of ionospheric topside diffusive fluxes to two geomagnetic storms in October 2002
Authors: Chen Guang‐Ming , Xu Jiyao , Wang Wenbin , Lei Jiuhou , Zhang Shun‐Rong
Published: July 2014

O+ field‐aligned ambipolar diffusive velocities Vd and fluxes Фd in the topside ionosphere have been calculated from the observed profiles of electron density, ion, and electron temperatures during a 30 day incoherent scatter radar experiment conducted at Millstone Hill (288.5°E, 42.6°N) from 4 October to 4 November 2002. Two geomagnetic storms took place during this period. During the negative phases (depleted electron densities) of these two storms, the magnitudes of the daytime upward Vd and Фd were less than their averaged quiet time values. Whereas at nighttime, the downward Vd and Фd were sometimes larger than the averaged quiet time values. The variations in diffusive velocity and flux during the storm main and recovery phases were caused by changes in the ionospheric scale height or the shapes of ionospheric density profiles. The negative storm effect further reduced daytime diffusive flux. During these two storms, positive ionosphere phases (enhanced electron densities) were also observed. The diffusive velocity was much smaller during the period of positive storm effect, which led to a smaller diffusive flux than the quiet time one, although electron density was higher. It appears that storm time variations in diffusive velocity were more the results of storm time changes in the plasma vertical profile, rather than the cause of these plasma density changes.
High‐resolution imaging of the Pyrenees and Massif Central from the data of the PYROPE and IBERARRAY portable array deployments
Authors: Chevrot Sébastien , Villaseñor Antonio , Sylvander Matthieu , Benahmed Sébastien , Beucler Eric , Cougoulat Glenn , Delmas Philippe , de Saint Blanquat Michel , Diaz Jordi , Gallart Josep , Grimaud Franck , Lagabrielle Yves , Manatschal Gianreto , Mocquet Antoine , Pauchet Hélène , Paul Anne , Péquegnat Catherine , Quillard Olivier , Roussel Sandrine , Ruiz Mario , Wolyniec David
Published: July 2014

The lithospheric structures beneath the Pyrenees, which holds the key to settle long‐standing controversies regarding the opening of the Bay of Biscay and the formation of the Pyrenees, are still poorly known. The temporary PYROPE and IBERARRAY experiments have recently filled a strong deficit of seismological stations in this part of western Europe, offering a new and unique opportunity to image crustal and mantle structures with unprecedented resolution. Here we report the results of the first tomographic study of the Pyrenees relying on this rich data set. The important aspects of our tomographic study are the precision of both absolute and relative traveltime measurements obtained by a nonlinear simulated annealing waveform fit and the detailed crustal model that has been constructed to compute accurate crustal corrections. Beneath the Massif Central, the most prominent feature is a widespread slow anomaly that reflects a strong thermal anomaly resulting from the thinning of the lithosphere and upwelling of the asthenosphere. Our tomographic images clearly exclude scenarios involving subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath the Pyrenees. In contrast, they reveal the segmentation of lithospheric structures, mainly by two major lithospheric faults, the Toulouse fault in the central Pyrenees and the Pamplona fault in the western Pyrenees. These inherited Hercynian faults were reactivated during the Cretaceous rifting of the Aquitaine and Iberian margins and during the Cenozoic Alpine convergence. Therefore, the Pyrenees can be seen as resulting from the tectonic inversion of a segmented continental rift that was buried by subduction beneath the European plate.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Ultrathin Tungsten Oxide Nanowires and their Aspect Ratio‐Dependent Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Liu Jincheng , Margeat Olivier , Dachraoui Walid , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats , Ackermann Jorg
Published: July 2014

Preparation of size‐tunable ultrathin W18O49 nanowires by an alcohol‐assisted solvothermal decomposition of tungstic acid is reported. The synthesis of ultrathin W18O49 nanowires can be achieved at large scale and low cost, while changing the molecular size of the used alcohols can control the nanowire morphology. With increasing the molecular size of the alcohol, the synthesized W18O49 nanowires have smaller diameters and longer lengths. The as‐prepared blue W18O49 nanomaterials show a very strong visible light absorption caused by oxygen defects and an aspect ratio‐dependent photocatalytic activity on the degradation of pollutant rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated solar light irradiation. It is found that the W18O49 nanowires with highest aspect ratio show the highest activity in the photodegradation of RhB, which could be related to their higher density of oxygen surface defects in combination with a higher adsorption capability of RhB. This new synthetic route of size tunable ultrathin W18O49 nanomaterials will enlarge their potential applications and can be possibly used in the pyrolyzing synthesis of other metal oxide nanomaterials.
Marshall syndrome: Further evidence of a distinct phenotypic entity and report of new findings
Authors: Khalifa O. , Imtiaz F. , Ramzan K. , Allam R. , Hemidan A. Al‐ , Faqeih E. , Abuharb G. , Balobaid A. , Sakati N. , Owain M. Al‐
Published: July 2014

Marshall syndrome and type II Stickler syndrome are caused by mutations in COL11A1, which codes for the proα1chain of collagen XI. Collagen XI is a minor fibrillar collagen co‐expressed with collagen II in cartilage and the vitreous of the eye. Characteristic features of Marshall syndrome include midfacial hypoplasia, high myopia, and sensorineural‐hearing deficit. Deletions, insertions, splice site, and missense mutations in COL11A1 have been identified in Stickler syndrome and Marshall syndrome patients. In this study, we describe the clinical presentations of seven patients with Marshall syndrome from three unrelated Saudi families, inherited as autosomal dominant (two families) and autosomal recessive (one family). Cardinal clinical features of Marshall syndrome are manifested in all patients. One patient had ectodermal abnormalities. Mutations (c.2702G > A in exon 34,IVS50 + 1G > A, and IVS50 + lG > C) were identified in COL11A1 in affected members. Interestingly, the first report of autosomal recessive Marshall syndrome was from Saudi Arabia caused by the same mutation (c.2702G > A, p.Gly901Glu) as in one of our families. This study depicts detailed phenotypic and genetic description of dominant and recessive forms of Marshall syndrome due to COL11A1 mutations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Normotopic cortex is the major contributor to epilepsy in experimental double cortex
Authors: Petit Ludovic Franck , Jalabert Marion , Buhler Emmanuelle , Malvache Arnaud , Peret Angélique , Chauvin Yoann , Watrin Françoise , Represa Alfonso , Manent Jean‐Bernard
Published: July 2014

Objective

Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) is a cortical malformation formed when neocortical neurons prematurely stop their migration in the white matter, forming a heterotopic band below the normotopic cortex, and is generally associated with intractable epilepsy. Although it is clear that the band heterotopia and the overlying cortex both contribute to creating an abnormal circuit prone to generate epileptic discharges, it is less understood which part of this circuitry is the most critical. Here, we sought to identify the origin of epileptiform activity in a targeted genetic model of SBH in rats.

Methods

Rats with SBH (Dcx‐KD rats) were generated by knocking down the Dcx gene using shRNA vectors transfected into neocortical progenitors of rat embryos. Origin, spatial extent, and laminar profile of bicuculline‐induced interictal‐like activity on neocortical slices were analyzed by using extracellular recordings from 60‐channel microelectrode arrays. Susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures was assessed by electrocorticography in head‐restrained nonanesthetized rats.

Results

We show that the band heterotopia does not constitute a primary origin for interictal‐like epileptiform activity in vitro and is dispensable for generating induced seizures in vivo. Furthermore, we report that most interictal‐like discharges originating in the overlying cortex secondarily propagate to the band heterotopia. Importantly, we found that in vivo suppression of neuronal excitability in SBH does not alter the higher propensity of Dcx‐KD rats to display seizures.

Interpretation

These results suggest a major role of the normotopic cortex over the band heterotopia in generating interictal epileptiform activity and seizures in brains with SBH. Ann Neurol 2014;76:428–442
Personalized medicine approaches for colon cancer driven by genomics and systems biology: OncoTrack
Authors: Henderson David , Ogilvie Lesley A. , Hoyle Nicholas , Keilholz Ulrich , Lange Bodo , Lehrach Hans , OncoTrack Consortium
Published: July 2014

The post‐genomic era promises to pave the way to a personalized understanding of disease processes, with technological and analytical advances helping to solve some of the world's health challenges. Despite extraordinary progress in our understanding of cancer pathogenesis, the disease remains one of the world's major medical problems. New therapies and diagnostic procedures to guide their clinical application are urgently required. OncoTrack, a consortium between industry and academia, supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative, signifies a new era in personalized medicine, which synthesizes current technological advances in omics techniques, systems biology approaches, and mathematical modeling. A truly personalized molecular imprint of the tumor micro‐environment and subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic insight is gained, with the ultimate goal of matching the “right” patient to the “right” drug and identifying predictive biomarkers for clinical application. This comprehensive mapping of the colon cancer molecular landscape in tandem with crucial, clinical functional annotation for systems biology analysis provides unprecedented insight and predictive power for colon cancer management. Overall, we show that major biotechnological developments in tandem with changes in clinical thinking have laid the foundations for the OncoTrack approach and the future clinical application of a truly personalized approach to colon cancer theranostics.
Regenerative responses after mild heart injuries for cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish
Authors: Itou Junji , Akiyama Ryutaro , Pehoski Steve , Yu Xiaodan , Kawakami Hiroko , Kawakami Yasuhiko
Published: July 2014

Background: The zebrafish heart regenerates after various severe injuries. Common processes of heart regeneration are cardiomyocyte proliferation, activation of epicardial tissue, and neovascularization. In order to further characterize heart regeneration processes, we introduced milder injuries and compared responses to those induced by ventricular apex resection, a widely used injury method. We used scratching of the ventricular surface and puncturing of the ventricle with a fine tungsten needle as injury‐inducing techniques. Results: Scratching the ventricular surface induced subtle cardiomyocyte proliferation and responses of the epicardium. Endothelial cell accumulation was limited to the surface of the heart. Ventricular puncture induced cardiomyocyte proliferation, endocardial and epicardial activation, and neo‐vascularization, similar to the resection method. However, the degree of the responses was milder, correlating with milder injury. Sham operation induced epicardial aldh1a2 expression but not tbx18 and WT1. Conclusions: Puncturing the ventricle induces responses equivalent to resection at milder degrees in a shorter time frame and can be used as a simple injury model. Scratching the ventricle did not induce heart regeneration and can be used for studying wound responses to epicardium. Developmental Dynamics 243:1477–1486, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualization of species pairwise associations: a case study of surrogacy in bird assemblages
Authors: Lane Peter W. , Lindenmayer David B. , Barton Philip S. , Blanchard Wade , Westgate Martin J.
Published: July 2014

Quantifying and visualizing species associations are important to many areas of ecology and conservation biology. Species networks are one way to analyze species associations, with a growing number of applications such as food webs, nesting webs, plant–animal mutualisms, and interlinked extinctions. We present a new method for assessing and visualizing patterns of co‐occurrence of species. The method depicts interactions and associations in an analogous way with existing network diagrams for studying pollination and trophic interactions, but adds the assessment of sign, strength, and direction of the associations. This provides a distinct advantage over existing methods of quantifying and visualizing co‐occurrence. We demonstrate the utility of our new approach by showing differences in associations among woodland bird species found in different habitats and by illustrating the way these can be interpreted in terms of underlying ecological mechanisms. Our new method is computationally feasible for large assemblages and provides readily interpretable effects with standard errors. It has wide applications for quantifying species associations within ecological communities, examining questions about particular species that occur with others, and how their associations can determine the structure and composition of communities.
Heterogeneous responses of dorsal root ganglion neurons in neuropathies induced by peripheral nerve trauma and the antiretroviral drug stavudine
Authors: Boateng E.K. , Novejarque A. , Pheby T. , Rice A.S.C. , Huang W.
Published: July 2014

Background

Heterogeneity is increasingly recognized in clinical presentation of neuropathic pain (NP), but less often recognized in animal models. Neurochemical dysregulation in rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is associated with peripheral nerve trauma, but poorly studied in non‐traumatic NP conditions.

Methods

This study aimed to investigate the temporal expressions of activating transcription factor‐3 (ATF‐3), growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin in traumatic and non‐traumatic rat models of neuropathies associated with NP. Expressions of these markers were examined in the DRG at different time points following tibial nerve transection (TNT) injury and antiretroviral drug stavudine (d4T) administration using immunohistochemistry. The development of sensory gain following these insults was assessed by measuring limb withdrawal to a punctate mechanical stimulus.

Results

Both TNT‐injured and d4T‐treated rats developed hindpaw mechanical hypersensitivity. Robust expressions of ATF‐3, GAP‐43, NPY and galanin in both small‐ and large‐sized L5 DRG neurons were observed in the DRG from TNT‐injured rats. In contrast, d4T‐treated rats did not exhibit any significant neurochemical changes in the DRG.

Conclusions

Taken together, the results suggest that ATF‐3, GAP‐43, NPY and galanin are likely indicators of nerve trauma‐associated processes and not generic markers for NP. These experiments also demonstrate distinct expression patterns of neurochemical markers in the DRG and emphasize the mechanistic difference between nerve trauma and antiretroviral drug‐associated NP.
Imagining climate change: The role of implicit associations and affective psychological distancing in climate change responses
Authors: Leviston Zoe , Price Jennifer , Bishop Brian
Published: July 2014

Negative climate change imagery is often criticised on the grounds that it provokes and promotes disempowering responses and psychological distancing. We investigated people's associations with climate change, and their affective content on multiple dimensions, through two studies. In Study 1, we administered an image‐elicitation task to 2502 people across Australia to examine the mental images most commonly associated with climate change. We used these common responses from the image‐elicitation task to compile 82 actual images. In Study 2, these images were presented to participants at a series of four workshops (N = 52). Participants selected the images they most closely associated with climate change, rated them for affective content on an emotion circumplex, and later discussed evocative images in small groups. The findings suggest (i) a significant proportion of people struggle to form concrete associations; (ii) common associations are typically psychologically distant and iconographic, but some national‐level impacts are also salient; and (iii) associations with climate change impacts differ in their affective content: Specifically, associations related to drought and denuded landscapes provoke lower arousal, whereas associations related to disasters and extremes provoke higher arousal. The importance of considering motivated reasoning and multi‐dimensional affect in the psychological distancing of climate change is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of six polyynes in Oplopanax horridus and Oplopanax elatus using polyethylene glycol modified reversed migration microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Yang Zhong‐mei , Zhao Jing , Lao Ka‐meng , Chen Xiao‐jia , Leong Fong , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Yuan Chun‐Su , Li Shao‐ping
Published: July 2014

A PEG‐modified reversed migration MEEKC method was developed for simultaneous determination of six polyynes, including oplopandiol, falcarindiol, oplopandiol acetate, (11S, 16S, 9Z)‐9,17‐octadecadiene‐12,14‐diyne‐1,11,16‐triol,1‐acetate, oplopantriol B, and oplopantriol A, in Oplopanax horridus and Oplopanax elatus. The running buffer containing 0.8% v/v ethyl acetate, 3.8% w/v SDS, 6.6% v/v n‐butanol in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), followed by mixing with propan‐2‐ol at 30% v/v and PEG‐1000 at 15% w/v, was applied in the analysis. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the six polyynes in five samples of Oplopanax horridus and one of O. elatus. The result showed that the types and amounts of polyynes present were obviously different when comparing the two herbs. Besides, the developed PEG‐modified reversed MEEKC method might be suitable for the analysis of hydrophobic analytes in herbal medicines.
Rapid and sensitive determination of free thiols by capillary zone electrophoresis with near‐infrared laser‐induced fluorescence detection using a new BODIPY‐based probe as labeling reagent
Authors: Zhang Li‐Yun , Tu Feng‐Qin , Guo Xiao‐Feng , Wang Hong , Wang Peng , Zhang Hua‐Shan
Published: July 2014

A CZE with near‐infrared (NIR) LIF detection method has been developed for the analysis of six low molecular weight thiols including glutathione, homocysteine, cysteine, γ‐glutamylcysteine, cysteinylglycine, and N‐acetylcysteine. For this purpose, a new NIR fluorescent probe, 1,7‐dimethyl‐3,5‐distyryl‐8‐phenyl‐(4'‐iodoacetamido)difluoroboradiaza‐s‐indacene was utilized as the labeling reagent, whose excitation wavelength matches the commercially available NIR laser line of 635 nm. The optimum procedure included a derivatization step of the free thiols at 45°C for 25 min and CZE analysis conducted within 14 min in the running buffer containing 16 mmol/L pH 7.0 sodium citrate and 60% v/v ACN. The LODs (S/N = 3) ranged from 0.11 nmol/L for N‐acetylcysteine to 0.31 nmol/L for γ‐glutamylcysteine, which are better than or comparable to those reported with other derivatization‐based CE‐LIF methods. As the first trial of NIR CE‐LIF method for thiol determination, the practical application of the proposed method has been validated by detecting thiols in cucumber and tomato samples with recoveries of 96.5–104.3%.
Nanopore back titration analysis of dipicolinic acid
Authors: Han Yujing , Zhou Shuo , Wang Liang , Guan Xiyun
Published: July 2014

Here, we report a novel label‐free nanopore back titration method for the detection of dipicolinic acid, a marker molecule for bacterial spores. By competitive binding of the target analyte and a large ligand probe to metal ions, dipicolinic acid could be sensitively and selectively detected. This nanopore back titration approach should find useful applications in the detection of other species of medical, biological, or environmental importance if their direct detection is difficult to achieve.
Intersection Numbers For Subspace Designs
Authors: Kiermaier Michael , Pavčević Mario Osvin
Published: July 2014

Intersection numbers for subspace designs are introduced and q‐analogs of the Mendelsohn and Köhler equations are given. As an application, we are able to determine the intersection structure of a putative q‐analog of the Fano plane for any prime power q. It is shown that its existence implies the existence of a 2‐ subspace design. Furthermore, several simplified or alternative proofs concerning intersection numbers of ordinary block designs are discussed.
Repeated loss of frontal sinuses in arctoid carnivorans
Authors: Curtis Abigail A. , Lai George , Wei Fuwen , Van Valkenburgh Blaire
Published: July 2014

Many mammal skulls contain air spaces inside the bones surrounding the nasal chamber including the frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, and sphenoid, all of which are called paranasal sinuses. Within the Carnivora, frontal sinuses are usually present, but vary widely in size and shape. The causes of this variation are unclear, although there are some functional associations, such as a correlation between expanded frontal sinuses and a durophagous diet in some species (e.g., hyenas) or between absent sinuses and semiaquatic lifestyle (e.g., pinnipeds). To better understand disparity in frontal sinus morphology within Carnivora, we quantified frontal sinus size in relationship to skull size and shape in 23 species within Arctoidea, a clade that is ecologically diverse including three independent invasions of aquatic habitats, by bears, otters, and pinnipeds, respectively. Our sampled species range in behavior from terrestrial (rarely or never forage in water), to semiterrestrial (forage in water and on land), to semiaquatic (forage only in water). Results show that sinuses are either lost or reduced in both semiterrestrial and semiaquatic species, and that sinus size is related to skull size and shape. Among terrestrial species, frontal sinus size was positively allometric overall, but several terrestrial species completely lacked sinuses, including two fossorial badgers, the kinkajou (a nocturnal, arboreal frugivore), and several species with small body size, indicating that factors other than aquatic habits, such as space limitations due to constraints on skull size and shape, can limit sinus size and presence. J. Morphol. 276:22–32, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlates of objectively measured sedentary behavior in cancer patients with brain metastases: an application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Lowe Sonya S. , Danielson Brita , Beaumont Crystal , Watanabe Sharon M. , Baracos Vickie E. , Courneya Kerry S.
Published: July 2014

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the demographic, medical, and social‐cognitive correlates of objectively measured sedentary behavior in advanced cancer patients with brain metastases.

Methods

Advanced cancer patients diagnosed with brain metastases, aged 18 years or older, cognitively intact, and with palliative performance scale greater than 30%, were recruited from a Rapid Access Palliative Radiotherapy Program multidisciplinary brain metastases clinic. A cross‐sectional survey interview assessed the theory of planned behavior variables and medical and demographic information. Participants wore activPAL™ (PAL Technologies Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom) accelerometers recording time spent supine, sitting, standing, and stepping during 7 days encompassing palliative whole brain radiotherapy treatments.

Results

Thirty‐one patients were recruited. Correlates of median time spent supine or sitting in hours per day were instrumental attitude (i.e., perceived benefits) of physical activity (r = −0.42; p = 0.030) and affective attitude (i.e., perceived enjoyment) of physical activity (r = −0.43; p = 0.024). Moreover, participants who sat or were supine for greater than 20.7 h per day reported significantly lower instrumental attitude (M = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.0–1.4; p = 0.051) and affective attitude (M = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.0–1.4; p = 0.041). Finally, participants who were older than 60 years of age spent more time sitting or being supine.

Conclusions

Instrumental attitude and affective attitude were the strongest correlates of objectively measured sedentary behavior. This information could inform intervention studies to increase physical activity in advanced cancer patients with brain metastases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving J9 virtual machine with LTTng for efficient and effective tracing
Authors: Wang Yang , Kent Kenneth B. , Johnson Graeme
Published: July 2014

The ability to observe the internal operation of the J9 virtual machine is essential for effective performance tuning. To this end, tracing is an important method, which is the action of recording events from a running system with minimum performance overhead for online or off‐line analysis. In this paper, we propose the integration of LTTng, an effective open‐source tracing toolset, with J9 to improve its tracing functions. With this integration, the tracing component is not only decoupled from the virtual machine but also performed efficiently at both user and kernel levels to achieve a high‐throughput result. To validate the integration and its impact performance, some empirical study results based on SpecJBB2005 and SQLBenchmark (supported by instrumented MariaDB) are also presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
mTOR inhibition increases cell viability via autophagy induction during endoplasmic reticulum stress – An experimental and modeling study
Authors: Kapuy Orsolya , Vinod P.K. , Bánhegyi Gábor
Published: July 2014

Unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trigger an adaptive ER stress response known as unfolded protein response (UPR). Depending on the severity of ER stress, either autophagy‐controlled survival or apoptotic cell death can be induced. The molecular mechanisms by which UPR controls multiple fate decisions have started to emerge. One such molecular mechanism involves a master regulator of cell growth, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which paradoxically is shown to have pro‐apoptotic role by mutually interacting with ER stress response. How the interconnections between UPR and mTOR influence the dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis activation is still unclear. Here we make an attempt to explore this problem by using experiments and mathematical modeling. The effect of perturbed mTOR activity in ER stressed cells was studied on autophagy and cell viability by using agents causing mTOR pathway inhibition (such as rapamycin or metyrapone). We observed that mTOR inhibition led to an increase in cell viability and was accompanied by an increase in autophagic activity. It was also shown that autophagy was activated under conditions of severe ER stress but that in the latter phase of stress it was inhibited at the time of apoptosis activation. Our mathematical model shows that both the activation threshold and temporal dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis inducers are sensitive to variation in mTOR activity. These results confirm that autophagy has cytoprotective role and is activated in mutually exclusive manner with respect to ER stress levels.
The Dynamics of Social Capital and Recent Political Development in Malaysia
Authors: PARNINI SYEDA NAUSHIN , OTHMAN MOHAMMAD REDZUAN , SAIFUDE AMER
Published: July 2014

The political landscape in Malaysia has been changing since the late 1990s with a gradual rise in resistance from civil society and the opposition parties. Domestic politics have become more contentious recently, particularly evidenced by the advent of a strong civil society and a multi-cultural opposition coalition. Thus, the social capital stimulated by ICTs and CSOs has played a vital role in strengthening and empowering the role of the opposition parties in Malaysia. This study seeks to understand how ICT-driven social capital has facilitated the surge in the opposition movement by situating the political use of social capital in a broader socio-political context. Hence the dramatic political change has been intertwined with the dynamics of social capital and creation of a public sphere accelerated by the rapid growth of ICTs in the country. By analyzing recent voting patterns, this study demonstrates that ICT-driven social capital does have a great impact on the changing political landscape in Malaysia, particularly in shaping voting behavior and political participation of Malay and non-Malay citizens in domestic politics.
Myocardium-derived angiopoietin-1 is essential for coronary vein formation in the developing heart
Authors: Arita Yoh , Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Matsunaga Taichi , Kidoya Hiroyasu , Yamamizu Kohei , Arima Yuichiro , Kataoka-Hashimoto Takahiro , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Yasui Taku , Masaki Takeshi , Yamamoto Kaori , Higuchi Kaori , Park Jin-Sung , Shirai Manabu , Nishiyama Koichi , Yamagishi Hiroyuki , Otsu Kinya , Kurihara Hiroki , Minami Takashi , Yamauchi-Takihara Keiko , Koh Gou Y. , Mochizuki Naoki , Takakura Nobuyuki , Sakata Yasushi , Yamashita Jun K. , Komuro Issei
Published: July 2014

The origin and developmental mechanisms underlying coronary vessels are not fully elucidated. Here we show that myocardium-derived angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is essential for coronary vein formation in the developing heart. Cardiomyocyte-specific Ang1 deletion results in defective formation of the subepicardial coronary veins, but had no significant effect on the formation of intramyocardial coronary arteries. The endothelial cells (ECs) of the sinus venosus (SV) are heterogeneous population, composed of APJ-positive and APJ-negative ECs. Among these, the APJ-negative ECs migrate from the SV into the atrial and ventricular myocardium in Ang1-dependent manner. In addition, Ang1 may positively regulate venous differentiation of the subepicardial APJ-negative ECs in the heart. Consistently, in vitro experiments show that Ang1 indeed promotes venous differentiation of the immature ECs. Collectively, our results indicate that myocardial Ang1 positively regulates coronary vein formation presumably by promoting the proliferation, migration and differentiation of immature ECs derived from the SV.
Dynamically controlled synthesis of different ZnO nanostructures by a surfactant-free hydrothermal method
Authors: Li Haili , Jiao Shujie , Gao Shiyong , Li Hongtao , Li Lin
Published: July 2014

To broaden the device applications of ZnO nanomaterials, various ZnO nanostructures have been fabricated by physical disturbance assisted hydrothermal method.
Morphological and structural behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of WO3: crystallization of the oxide composite system
Authors: Kubacka Anna , Iglesias-Juez Ana , di Michiel Marco , Becerro Ana Isabel , Fernández-García Marcos
Published: July 2014

Composite TiO2–WO3 oxide materials were prepared by a single pot microemulsion method and studied during calcination treatments under dry air in order to analyze the influence of tungsten on the behavior of the dominant titania component.
Ion formation pathways of crown ether–fullerene conjugates in the gas phase
Authors: Kellner Ina D. , Nye Leanne C. , von Gernler Marc S. , Li Jing , Tzirakis Manolis D. , Orfanopoulos Michael , Drewello Thomas
Published: July 2014

Crown ether–fullerene conjugates are studied by ESI and MALDI-MS covering ionisation mechanisms, charge localisation and relative affinity to alkali metal ions.
Lipoprotein biosurfactant production from an extreme acidophile using fish oil and its immobilization in nanoporous activated carbon for the removal of Ca2+and Cr3+in aqueous solution
Authors: Saranya P. , Swarnalatha S. , Sekaran G.
Published: July 2014

Lipoprotein biosurfactant from extreme acidophile using fish oil and its immobilization in nanoporous activated carbon for removal of metal ions.
Paraprofessional Personnel in Articulation Therapy
Authors: Galloway Herbert F. , Blue C. Milton
Published: July 2014

This article describes a three-year project in which paraprofessionals were trained to administer programmed materials to first- through fifth-grade students who had articulatory errors.
Variables Affecting Classroom Teachers' Understanding of Speech Disorders
Authors: Phillips Phyllis P.
Published: July 2014

The present research investigated 10 variables that might affect classroom teachers' attitudes toward and understanding of children with speech disorders, the nature of such disorders, and remediation procedures. Data collected from 858 questionnaires indicated that one variable, whether or not the teacher had taken a basic course in speech remediation, was highly significant in all treatments. Three other significant variables were number of years' teaching experience, access to the services of a speech pathologist, and age.
The Use of Supportive Personnel in a Public School Speech and Language Program
Authors: Scalero Angela M. , Eskenazi Constance
Published: July 2014

Paid speech aides and volunteers were trained to supplement and expand services provided by speech and language specialists. The project, undertaken by the Los Angeles Unified School District, was designed to train aides to provide remedial instruction aimed at increasing the articulation skills and language levels of pupils with articulatory disorders and at preventing speech problems in younger children through providing them with speech and language learning experiences. This article details the qualifications for selection of the aides, the duties they performed, and the preservice training program implemented prior to their assignment to the schools. Postinstruction data revealed that the supportive personnel successfully expanded and supplemented the services of the speech and language specialists, providing a valuable contribution to the speech and language program.