bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental variation in a species of Isoglossa (Acanthaceae: Ruellioideae) over a season
Authors: Poriazis D. , Balkwill K.
Published: July 2015

In his appraisal of Isoglossa Oerst., Clarke (1901) placed major emphasis on the sizes of leaves and inflorescences in the key to species, but efforts to sort herbarium material have shown a great deal of variation in leaf size and inflorescence length that is very difficult to interpret. Specimens of a species of Isoglossa were collected from wild subpopulations from the Hartebeespoort Dam and Hartebeeshoek areas, at intervals over a season. Leaves and inflorescences were measured, and frequencies of hair types on bracts and calyces were recorded photographically Results indicate that leaf size within a species increases over the vegetative phase of the plant and that inflorescence size within a species increases over the reproductive phase of the plant. Therefore, caution should be applied when these characters are used for species identification in Isoglossa. Bract and calyx indumenta also change over a season, thus making it necessary to use wisdom when applying this character taxonomically.
LAMIACEAE
Authors: Otieno D. F. , Retief E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW COMBINATION IN SYNCOLOSTEMON
Allionrs Aloe names (Asphodelaceae): nomenclature and typification
Authors: Gugliemone L. , Gallo L. , Meregalli M. , Smith G. F. , Figueiredo E.
Published: July 2015

The taxa belonging to the genus Aloe published in Synopsis methodica stirpium horti regii taurinensis (Allioni 1760) and in Auctarium ad synopsim meihodicam stirpium horti regii taurinensis (Allioni 1773) were examined. The protologues of Aloe maculata All. and A. verrucosospinosa All. are analysed and lectotypes designated. The homonymy of A. succotrina All. w ith A. succotrina Weston (1770) is recognized, and the lectotype o f this last name designated. Epitypes are selected to fix the application of all three names. Short differential diagnoses o f the three species are given and their distribution ranges discussed; distribution maps based on specimens held in the South African National Herbarium (PRE), KwaZulu-Natal Herbarium (NH). Compton Herbarium (NBG) and the South African Museum Collection (SAM) held in NBG are provided.
MIMOSACEAE
Authors: Burrows J. E. , Burrows S. M.
Published: July 2015

ANEW SPECIES OF ACACIA FROM NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE
PTERIDOPHYTA
Authors: Roux J. P.
Published: July 2015

OTTO KUNTZE'S LYCOPOD AND FERN COLLECTIONS FROM SOUTH AFRICA
The Genus Psoralea Linn.
Authors: Forbes Helena M. L.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
THREE SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS WITH 1- SEEDED FRUITS.
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS ADROMISCHUS LEMAIRE*
Authors: Smith C. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
PTERIDOPHYTA: NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS AND NOTEWORTHY COLLECTIONS OF PTERIDOPHYTES IN KWAZULU-NATAL
Authors: Klopper R. R. , Crouch N. R.
Published: July 2015

NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS AND NOTEWORTHY COLLECTIONS OF PTERIDOPHYTES IN KWAZULU-NATAL
PTERIDOPHYTA
Authors: Crouch N. R. , Klopper R. R.
Published: July 2015

NOTES ON SOME NATURALIZED FERNS OF THE EASTERN CAPE AND KWAZULU-NATAL
PTERIDOPHYTA: POLYPODIACEAE
Authors: Crouch N. R. , Klopper R. R. , Glen H. F.
Published: July 2015

THE STATUS OF x PLEOPODIUM IN AFRICA
Two new species of Nemesia (Scrophulariaceae) from the southern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Steiner K. E.
Published: July 2015

Two new species of Nemesia Vent, are described from South Africa. Nemesia fourcadei is an annual with small white flowers, a yellow-orange pubescent palate, and violet lines at the base of the upper lip. It differs from the similar looking N. lucida Benth. by having larger flowers with a more prominent spur (mostly 3.5—4.5 mm long vs 1.5 mm) and a pubescent palate. N. fourcadei is known from only two locations in the southern Cape. N. elata is a facultative perennial with white flowers, a lavender to purple reverse, and a white or very pale yellow palate. It is known only from the Langeberg and Oute-niqua Mountains between Swellendam and Montagu Pass. It is closest to N. fourcadei. but differs from that species by its more robust habit, the absence of a boss inside the corolla tube at the base of the hypochile, and a spur that is violet to purple at the base.
COLCHICACEAE
Authors: Snijman D. A. , Manning J. C.
Published: July 2015

COLCHICUM ALBOFENESTRATUM, A NEW SPECIES FROM NAMAQUALAND,SOUTH AFRICA
ASTERACEAE: SENECIO COMPTONU AND S. ESTERHUYSENIAE, TWO NEW SPECIES OF SENECIO SENS. LAT. (SENECIONEAE) FROM THE CAPE FLORISTIC REGION
Authors: Manning J. C. , Goldblatt P.
Published: July 2015

SENECIO COMPTONU AND S. ESTERHUYSENIAE, TWO NEW SPECIES OF SENECIO SENS. LAT. (SENECIONEAE) FROM THE CAPE FLORISTIC REGION
SOME SOUTH AFRICAN VALSACEAE.
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
AN ACCOUNT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MATERIAL OF ARISTIDA LINN: IN CERTAIN EUROPEAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN HERBARIA.
Authors: Schweickerdt H. G.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
SOUTH AFRICAN ASCOMYCETES IN THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
SOUTH AFRICAN RUST FUNGI.
Authors: Doidge E. M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
11. THE GENUS OPHRESTIA Forbes Gen. Nov.
Authors: Authors Various
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
History of Observations on the Fungi and Lichens of South Africa
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Phycomycetes
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Fungi imperfecti
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Publications in which reference
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Fungi on Hosts other than Vascular Plants
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

no abstract available
Studies of some South African Resupinate Hymenomycetes.*
Authors: Talbot P. H. B
Published: July 2015

no abstract available
New and Interesting Records of South African Fungi.
Authors: Talbot P H. B
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Encephalartos Natalensis.
Authors: Dyer R. A. , Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Genus Stereum in South Africa.
Authors: Talbot P. H. B
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Entorrhiza calospora sp. nov., and Some Other Parasitic Fungi in Limeum Roots.
Authors: Talbot P. H. B
Published: July 2015

No Abstract available
Three Species of Curvularia from Pinus.
Authors: Van der Westhuizen G. C. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Schiotia Species of Southern Africa.
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

No abtract available
Chromosome Morphology in Kniphofia.
Authors: De Wet J. M. J
Published: July 2015

A number of species and varieties of the genus  Kniphofia (Liliaceae) were studied cytologically. The somatic chromosome number is  2n = 12 in all the species. This is also true in  Notosceptrum natalense Baker.
Leaf Anatomy of Six South African J Grass Genera.
Authors: De Wet J. M. J
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Leaf Anatomy and Morphology in South African Species of Danthonia.
Authors: De Wet J. M. J
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A New Genus of Gramineae.
Authors: De Winter B.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
South African Labiatae
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

THORNCROFTIA
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: De Winter Bernard
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
SURVIVAL
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

no abstract available
STANGERIA
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Genus Asparagus in Southern Africa*
Authors: Jessop J. P.
Published: July 2015

A revision of the genus Asparagus in South Africa, South West Africa, Bechuanaland, Basutoland, and Swaziland has been undertaken. Notes are given on the value of most o f the characters which have been used in the separation of species, recent literature on the nature of  Asparagus assimilatory organs, and a technique for the examination of chromosomes. Chromosome counts are listed for ten taxa. There is a key to the forty species and four varieties. In the main part of the work these taxa are described, and their synonymy, taxonomy, distribution and habitats dealt with. Six species and one variety are new. The following are the new species and combinations:  A. setaceus (Kunth) (Asparagopsis setacea Kunth), A. mueronatus, A. macowanii Bak. var. zuluensis (N. E. Br.)  (A. zuluensis N. E. Br.), A. rigidus, A. densiflorus (Kunth)  {Asparagopsis densiflora Kunth),  A. aethiopicus L. var. angusticladus, A. falcatus L. var. ternifolius (Bak.)  (A. aethiopicus L. var.  ternifolius Bak.),  A. aspergillus,  A. obermeyerae,  A. krebsianus (Kunth) (Asparagopsis krebsiana Kunth),  A. acocksii.  A. crassicladus. Several plants o f horticultural importance occur in South Africa. The three best known are A. plumosus, which is reduced here to synonymy under  A. setaceus (Kunth) Jessop, and  A. sprengeri and  A. myersii. A. sprengeri is being reduced to synonymy under  A. densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop,.  A. myersii, which is a  nomen nudum, is also regarded as belonging to  A. densiflorus.
GRAMINEAE: POLEVANSIA DE WINTER, GEN. NOV.
Authors: De Winter B.
Published: July 2015

POLEVANSIA DE WINTER, GEN. NOV.
STERCULIACEAE
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

A  New Species  of Dombeya  and  a New Variety of Dombeya  rotundifolia
A New Species of the Dictvotales from South Africa
Authors: Simons R. H.
Published: July 2015

no abstract available
The Identity of a Pea Blight Fungus in South Africa *
Authors: Van Warmelo K. T.
Published: July 2015

The perfect stage of Ascochyta pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Jones, a cause of pea blight in Natal, was compared with type material of  Sphaeria pinodes Berk, and Blox.,  Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Stone, and  Didymella pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Petrak and the development o f its ascocarps studied. Two types of ascocarp were found on the material of  Didymella pinodes, one perithecial and the other ascolocular in structure. The ascocarp of the South African fungus was typically ascolocular in development and construction and similar to that of other species of Mycosphaerella. These ascocarps were identical to those of  Sphaeria pinodes and Mycosphaerella pinodes and the ascolocular ascocarps of the  DidymeUa pinodes material. In development and morphology this fungus agrees more closely with the original generic concepts of the genus Mycosphaerella Joh. than with  Didymella Sacc. and should thus be named Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Stone.
New and Interesting Records of South African Fungi, Part IV*
Authors: Marasas W. F.O. , Rabie C. J.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A Revision of the African Species of Epilobium
Authors: Raven Peter H
Published: July 2015

There are in Africa 10 native species of Epilobium, one of Circaea, and between 8 and 12 of Ludwigia (including  Jussiaea), depending upon how many species are considered native. These three genera include all native African species of Onagraceae. Four sections of Ludwigia, cornprising a total of five species, and one fairly distinctive group of Epilobium are the most characteristic African groups. Despite the fact that H. Perrier de la Bathie (in Humb., FI. Madagasc., Oenotheracs : 1-26, 1950) considered all three of the species of Epilobium that he recognized and four of the 11 species of Ludwigia (including  Jussiaea) to be endemic to Madagascar, there are in my opinion no Mascarene endemics in the family Onagraceae and nothing to suggest any great antiquity for the family on that island. This observation agrees with the general pattern for the family in Africa in suggesting that plants of this family are relatively recent arrivals on that continent. Indeed this generality could be extended to apply to the Old World as a whole, where there is no endemic genus of the family (as opposed to 16 endemic genera and 2 endemic tribes—Lopezieae and Onagreae—in the New World, principally in Mexico and the western United States) and relatively few endemic sections or subgenera. The ten African species and one subspecies of  Epilobium recognized are described, and a key provided.
A New Species of Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Hillard O. M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
MELASTOMACEAE
Authors: Badenhorst H.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Genus Microcladia (Red Algae) in South Africa
Authors: Simons R. H.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Social entrepreneurship: A solution for transforming the disadvantaged community of Nellmapius
Authors: Manyaka Semape J.
Published: July 2015

In this article, I investigate the concept, social entrepreneurship, as a potential lever in economic and social transformation of the poorest-of-the-poor community of Nellmapius township, east of Pretoria, South Africa. I identify definitions of ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘social entrepreneurship’, and delve into the historical development of the concept ‘entrepreneur’. South Africa is in an era where it needs more new venture creation. Hence, I have studied new venture formation, especially from the perspective of Schumpeter’s theory of ways of forming a new firm. South Africa lags behind in new venture development compared toother developing countries; I investigated the causes behind this and suggest remedies to address this. Postfoundationalist practical theology is seen as a way of doing theology in the midst of those who suffer poverty and lack. The methods of this approach are dealt with in this article, which also asks what theology can bring to the table of interdisciplinary engagement?
Ecodomy: Life in its fullness � if love rules the oikoumenē
Authors: Van Aarde Andries
Published: July 2015

In the article related terms are deconstructively compared with each other, such as oikodomē (encouragement), dioikēsis theia (divine administration) and oikoumenē (inhabited world). The article aims to identify the positive roots of the term oikoumenē beyond the pejorative referencing in the New Testament as �imperial power�. It demonstrates that the notion basileiatou theou (kingdom of God) provides a key to discover the gift of love as the heart of ecodomy. The article concludes with a critical discussion of forms of inauthentic love in order to outline what kind of love is conveyed in Jesus� kingdom ethics. The article consists of four sections:(1) �When children rule the oikoumenē�, (2) �When power rules the oikoumenē�, (3) �When love rules the oikoumenē�, and finally (4) �Diff�rance� � when love is not love.
Numerical Path Integral Approach to Quantum Dynamics and Stationary Quantum States
Authors: Ruokosenmäki Ilkka , Rantala Tapio T.
Published: July 2015

Applicability of Feynman path integral approach to numerical simulations of quantum dynamics of an electron in real time domain is examined. Coherent quantum dynamics is demonstrated with one dimensional test cases (quantum dot models) and performance of the Trotter kernel as compared with the exact kernels is tested. Also, a novel approach for finding the ground state and other stationary sates is presented. This is based on the incoherent propagation in real time. For both approaches the Monte Carlo grid and sampling are tested and compared with regular grids and sampling. We asses the numerical prerequisites for all of the above.
Интегрирование функций со значениями в комплексном пространстве Рисса и некоторые приложения в гармоническом анализе
Authors: Boccuto A , Skvortsov Valentin Anatol'evich , Tulone F
Published: July 2015

Теория интеграла Хенстока-Курцвейля распространяется на случай функций
со значениями в комплексном пространстве Рисса $R$, определенных на
любых нульмерных компактных абелевых группах. Построенный интеграл
применяется для решения задачи восстановления с помощью обобщенных
формул Фурье, $R$-значных коэффициентов рядов по системам характеров
указанных групп.
Библиография: 33 названия.
Динамика логистического уравнения, содержащего запаздывание
Authors: Kaschenko Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2015

Рассматривается логистическое уравнение с добавлением слагаемого,
характеризующего запаздывание. Исследуется локальная и
нелокальная динамика этого уравнения.
Используются стандартные биффуркационные методы Андронова-Хопфа
для уравнений с запаздыванием и
разработанный автором асимптотический метод,
основанный на построении специальных эволюционных уравнений,
которые и определяют локальную динамику уравнений,
содержащих запаздывание. Кроме этого,
исследуются вопросы существования и построения асимптотики
нелокальных релаксационных циклов. Приведено сравнение
полученных результатов с результатами для уравнения Хатчинсона
и некоторых его обобщений.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Evaluating Residents' Readiness to Elicit Advance Care Plans
Authors: Levy Deborah , Strand Jacob , McMahon Graham T.
Published: July 2015

Background

Trainees are responsible for conducting advance care discussions but are often stressed by this role.

Objective

We developed an instrument to determine whether residents could identify a clinical scenario that necessitated an examination of a patient's goals and preferences as they pertain to clinical care, and subsequently measured their readiness to engage in such discussions.

Methods

Participants responded verbally to open-ended case presentations and completed survey items. We scored responses according to proximity to idealized answers.

Results

The sample consisted of 44 internal medicine residents, 12 students, 5 hospitalists, and 3 palliative care attendings, all of whom volunteered for the study and participated in standard interviews. Residents had widely varying scores (range 0–12, maximum score of 15) on the scored open response items. For eliciting values, mean score increased with training, and students, trainees, and attending physicians had mean scores of 3.7, 5.7, and 8.7, respectively (P = .01). For recommending care, mean scores were 3.0, 6.5, and 9.3, respectively (P < .001). Scores were correlated closely with increasing clinical experience and inversely with self-reported stress when conducting a goals-of-care discussion. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 reliability for the instrument was 0.52. Interrater reliability for sections about eliciting and recommending care were 0.64 (P < .001) and 0.50 (P < .001), respectively. The 1-week test-retest reliability was 0.91 for open response items and 0.76 for Likert responses.

Conclusions

A verbally administered instrument can readily and rapidly characterize a trainee's readiness to participate in advance care planning with patients.
Spletno podprto učenje in poučevanje nemščine na sekundarni ravni
Authors: Podgoršek Saša
Published: July 2015

V prispevku so orisane različne oblike integracije IKT v pouk nemščine. Natančneje je predstavljena le ena oblika, to je spletno podprti pouk. Uspešnost integracije spletno pod- prtega pouka je odvisna od različnih dejavnikov. V prispevku smo se osredotočili na načelo postopnosti, ki ima ključni pomen v petstopenjskem modelu uvajanja spletno podprtega učenja. Model smo v prispevku predstavili in analizirali njegov pomen za spletno podprti pouk nemščine in posredno drugih tujih jezikov.
Les "Éléments de syntaxe structurale" de Lucien Tesnière entre discours scientifique et discours didactique
Authors: Franić Ivana
Published: July 2015

Cet article a pour objectif d'analyser le discours qu'emploie Lucien Tesnière dans les Éléments de syntaxe structurale (1959), son oeuvre capitale. Écrit vers la moitié du XXe siècle, cet ouvrage vise en premier lieu à construire un modèle intégral de la syntaxe structurale mais aussi à ce que ce dernier soit applicable dans le processus d'enseignement des langues vivantes. Cette intention double de l'auteur se traduit clairement dans le discours des Éléments: d'une part le style est hautement scientifique, d'autre part les moyens qu'emploie l'auteur en vue d'exposer sa théorie sont très simples et d'une grande clarté. Ainsi les Éléments deviennent-ils accessibles aux lecteurs, c'est-à-dire à ses utilisateurs, à savoir les enseignants de langues vivantes. La rigueur et l'objectivité du discours scientifique employé dans les Éléments se traduisent dans les analyses fécondes et originales de certains phénomènes syntaxiques: la valence du verbe, la notion d'actant, l'opération de connexion, de jonction et en particulier celle de translation. En revanche, le discours didactique remplit l'ensemble des Éléments, ce qui est particulièrement visible dans le chapitre Les indications pédagogiques, où l'auteur met en avant les notions de méthode d'exposition, la complexité croissante, l'intérêt d'apprenant, l'enseignement pratique, la vivacité en classe, la classe active. On peut donc, à juste titre, affirmer que l'auteur avait déjà anticipé, à cette époque-là, certains concepts didactiques modernes (l'autonomie de l'apprenant, l'approche actionnelle à l'apprentissage/enseignement des langues vivantes).
Water footprint assessment to inform water management and policy making in South Africa
Authors: M Pahlow  , J Snowball  , G Fraser
Published: July 2015

One method to inform decisions with respect to sustainable, efficient and equitable water allocation and use is water footprint assessment (WFA). This paper presents a preliminary WFA of South Africa (SA) based on data for the period 1996–2005. Crop production was found to contribute about 75% of the total water footprint of national production. The total water footprint of crop production is mainly composed of five crops: maize, fodder crops, sugarcane, wheat and sunflower seed, which account for 83% of the crop water footprint. The average water footprint of a South African consumer is 1 255 m3/yr, below the world average of 1 385 m3/yr, and is dominated by the consumption of meat (32%) and cereals (29%). About one fifth of this water footprint of consumption is external to SA. While SA is a net virtual water importer, the virtual water trade analysis revealed that a large share of blue water consumption is related to export. Sustainability concerns are that the major river basins face severe blue-water scarcity for extended periods of the year, and that water pollution levels related to nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be unsustainable in all river basins in SA. Efficient allocation and use of water is investigated by means of comparing the consumptive water footprint to global benchmark values, as well as the economic green- and blue-water productivity and the economic land productivity of the crops cultivated in SA. Furthermore, crops with specific potential for biofuel production are assessed. Lastly, recommendations to address the identified issues are given.
Thermodynamic derivation of the energy of activation for ice nucleation
Authors: Barahona D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The activation energy controls the flux of water molecules from the bulk of the liquid to the solid during the early stages of ice formation. In most studies it is estimated by direct association with the bulk properties of water, typically viscosity and self-diffusivity. As the environment in the ice–liquid interface may differ from that of the bulk this approach may introduce bias in calculated nucleation rates. In this work a phenomenological model is proposed to describe the transfer of water molecules across the ice–liquid interface. Within this framework the activation energy naturally emerges from the combination of the energy required to break hydrogen bonds in the liquid, i.e., the bulk diffusion process, and the work dissipated from the molecular rearrangement of water molecules within the ice–liquid interface. The new expression is introduced into a generalized form of classical nucleation theory. Even though no nucleation rate measurements are used to fit any of the parameters of the theory the predicted nucleation rate is in good agreement with experimental results, even at temperature as low as 190 K where it tends to be underestimated by most models. It is shown that the activation energy has a strong dependency on temperature and a weak dependency on water activity. Such dependencies are masked by thermodynamic effects at temperatures typical of homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets, however may affect the formation of ice in haze aerosol particles. The phenomenological model introduced in this work provides an independent estimation of the activation energy and the homogenous ice nucleation rate, and it may help to improve the interpretation of experimental results and the development of parameterizations for cloud formation.
Impacts of atmospheric state uncertainty on O2 measurement requirements for the ASCENDS mission
Authors: Crowell S. , Rayner P. , Zaccheo S. , Moore B.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Remotely sensed observations of atmospheric composition require an estimate of surface pressure. This estimate can either come from an instrument with sensitivity in an O2 absorption feature in the spectrum, or it can be provided by a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. In this work, the authors outline an information-based methodology for setting measurement requirements for an active lidar measurement of O2 in the context of the Active Sensing of Carbon Emissions over Nights, Days and Seasons (ASCENDS) mission. The results indicate that the impacts of correlations in the environmentally induced vertical weighting function errors between CO2 and O2 measurements are nontrivial and that the choice of CO2 and O2 wavelengths can lead to a stricter or looser requirement than that of surface pressure considerations alone, which would indicate about a 0.1 % precision for 1mb accuracy. Furthermore, the less sensitive the CO2 measurement is to surface pressure errors, the more difficult it will be for an O2 observation to provide a useful measurement.
Thermocline mixing and vertical oxygen fluxes in the stratified central North Sea
Authors: Rovelli L. , Dengler M. , Schmidt M. , Sommer S. , Linke P. , McGinnis D. F.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In recent decades, the central North Sea has been experiencing a general trend of decreasing dissolved oxygen (O2) levels during summer. To understand the potential causes driving lower O2, we investigated summertime turbulence and O2 dynamics in the thermocline and bottom boundary layer (BBL). The study focuses on coupling biogeochemical processes with physical transport processes to identify key drivers of the O2 and organic carbon turnover within the BBL. Combining our flux observations with an analytical process-oriented approach, we resolve the key drivers that ultimately determine the BBL O2 levels. We report substantial tidally-driven turbulent O2 fluxes from the thermocline into the otherwise isolated bottom water. This contribution to the local bottom water O2 and carbon budgets has been largely overlooked and might be a central factor maintaining relatively high O2 levels in the bottom water throughout the stratification period. With the current climate warming projections, we propose that higher water temperature and reduced turbulence could favour migrating algal species that could out-compete other species for light and nutrients, and shift the oxygen production zone higher up within the thermocline while maintaining similar organic carbon export to the bottom water. Due to the substantially lower turbulence levels in the central region of the thermocline as compared to the higher turbulence observed at the thermocline-BBL interface, such a shift in the production layer could lead to further isolation of the bottom water and promote the seasonal occurrence of lower O2 concentrations.
Composition and sources of sedimentary organic matter in the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Pedrosa-Pàmies R. , Parinos C. , Sanchez-Vidal A. , Gogou A. , Calafat A. , Canals M. , Bouloubassi I. , Lampadariou N.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Surface sediments collected from deep slopes and basins (1018–4087 m depth) of the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea have been analysed for bulk elemental and isotopic composition of organic carbon, total nitrogen and selected lipid biomarkers, jointly with grain size distribution and other geochemical proxies. The distribution and sources of sedimentary organic matter (OM) have been subsequently assessed and general environmental variables, such as water depth and currents, have been examined as causative factors of deep-sea sediment characteristics. Lithogenic and biogenic carbonates are the dominant sedimentary fractions, while both bulk and molecular organic tracers reflect a mixed contribution from autochthonous and allochthonous sources for the sedimentary OM, as indicated by relatively degraded marine OM, terrestrial plant waxes and anthropogenic OM including degraded petroleum by-products, respectively. Wide regional variations have been observed amongst the studied proxies, which reflect the multiple factors controlling sedimentation in the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Our findings highlight the role of deep Eastern Mediterranean basins as depocentres of organic-rich fine-grained sediments (mean 5.4 ± 2.4 μm), with OM accumulation and burial due to aggregation mechanisms and hydrodynamic sorting. A multi-proxy approach is hired to investigate the biogeochemical composition of sediment samples, which sheds new light on the sources and transport mechanisms along with the impact of preservation vs. diagenetic processes on the composition of sedimentary OM in the deep basins of the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Changing nutrient stoichiometry affects phytoplankton production, DOP build up and dinitrogen fixation – a mesocosm experiment in the eastern tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Meyer J. , Löscher C. R. , Neulinger S. C. , Reichel A. F. , Loginova A. , Borchard C. , Schmitz R. A. , Hauss H. , Kiko R. , Riebesell U.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Ocean deoxygenation due to climate change may alter redox-sensitive nutrient cycles in the marine environment. The productive eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) upwelling region may be particularly affected when the relatively moderate oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) deoxygenates further and microbially-driven nitrogen (N) loss processes are promoted. Consequently, water masses with a low N : P ratio could reach the euphotic layer, possibly influencing primary production in those waters. Previous mesocosm studies in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean identified N availability as controlling of primary production, while a possible co-limitation of nitrate and phosphate (P) could not be ruled out. To better understand the impact of changing N : P ratios on primary production and on N2 fixation in the ETNA surface ocean, we conducted land-based mesocosm experiments with natural plankton communities and applied a broad range of N : P ratios (2.67–48). Silicate was supplied at 15 μmol L−1 in all mesocosms. We monitored nutrient drawdown, bloom formation, biomass build up and diazotrophic feedback in response to variable nutrient stoichiometry. Our results confirmed N to be limiting to primary production. We found that excess P was channeled through particulate organic matter (POP) into the dissolved organic matter (DOP) pool. In mesocosms with low P availability, DOP was utilized while N2 fixation increased, suggesting a link between those two processes. Interestingly this observation was most pronounced in mesocosms where inorganic N was still available, indicating that bioavailable N does not necessarily has to have a negative impact on N2 fixation. We observed a shift from a mixed cyanobacterial/proteobacterial dominated active diazotrophic community towards diazotrophic diatom symbionts of the Richelia-Rhizosolenia symbiosis. We hypothesize that a potential change in nutrient stoichiometry in the ETNA might lead to a general shift within the diazotrophic community, potentially modifying primary productivity.
FORest canopy atmosphere transfer (FORCAsT) 1.0: a 1-D model of biosphere–atmosphere chemical exchange
Authors: Ashworth K. , Chung S. H. , Griffin R. J. , Chen J. , Forkel R. , Bryan A. M. , Steiner A. L.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Biosphere-atmosphere interactions play a critical role in governing atmospheric composition, mediating the concentration of key species such as ozone and aerosol, thereby influencing air quality and climate. The exchange of reactive trace gases and their oxidation products (both gas and particle phase) is of particular importance in this process. The FORCAsT (FORest Canopy AtmoSphere Transfer) one-dimensional model is developed to study the emission, deposition, chemistry and transport of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their oxidation products in the atmosphere within and above the forest canopy. We include an equilibrium partitioning scheme, making FORCAsT one of the few canopy models currently capable of simulating the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from VOC oxidation in a forest environment. We evaluate the capability of FORCAsT to reproduce observed concentrations of key gas-phase species and report modeled SOA concentrations within and above a mixed forest at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) during the Community Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions Experiment (CABINEX) field campaign in summer 2009. We examine the impact of two different gas-phase chemical mechanisms on modelled concentrations of short-lived primary emissions, such as isoprene and monoterpenes, and their oxidation products. While the two chemistry schemes perform similarly under high-NOx conditions, they diverge at the low levels of NOx at UMBS. We identify peroxy radical and alkyl nitrate chemistry as the key causes of the differences, highlighting the importance of this chemistry in understanding the fate of biogenic VOCs (bVOCs) for both the modelling and measurement communities.
Influence of gear loss factor on the power loss prediction
Authors: Fernandes C. M. C. G. , Marques P. M. T. , Martins R. C. , Seabra J. H. O.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In order to accurately predict the power loss generated by a meshing gear pair the gear loss factor must be properly evaluated. Several gear loss factor formulations were compared, including the author's approach. A gear loss factor calculated considering the load distribution along the path of contact was implemented. The importance of the gear loss factor in the power loss predictions was put in evidence comparing the predictions with experimental results. It was concluded that the gear loss factor is a decisive factor to accurately predict the power loss. Different formulations proposed in the literature were compared and it was shown that only few were able to yield satisfactory correlations with experimental results. The method suggested by the authors was the one that promoted the most accurate predictions.
A contribution to the selection of tsunami human vulnerability indicators: conclusions from tsunami impacts in Sri Lanka and Thailand (2004), Samoa (2009), Chile (2010) and Japan (2011)
Authors: González-Riancho P. , Aliaga B. , Hettiarachchi S. , González M. , Medina R.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. After several tsunami events with disastrous consequences around the world, coastal countries have realized the need to be prepared to minimize human mortality and damage to coastal infrastructures, livelihoods and resources. The international scientific community is striving to develop and validate methodologies for tsunami hazard and vulnerability and risk assessments. The vulnerability of coastal communities is usually assessed through the definition of sets of indicators based on previous literature and/or post-tsunami reports, as well as on the available data for the study site. The aim of this work is to validate, in light of past tsunami events, the indicators currently proposed by the scientific community to measure human vulnerability, to improve their definition and selection as well as to analyse their validity for different country development profiles. The events analysed are the 2011 Great Tohoku tsunami, the 2010 Chilean tsunami, the 2009 Samoan tsunami and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The results obtained highlight the need for considering both permanent and temporal human exposure, the former requiring some hazard numerical modelling, while the latter is related to site-specific livelihoods, cultural traditions and gender roles. The most vulnerable age groups are the elderly and children, the former having much higher mortality rates. Female mortality is not always higher than male mortality and not always related to dependency issues. Higher numbers of disabled people do not always translate into higher numbers of victims. Besides, it is clear that mortality is not only related to the characteristics of the population but also of the buildings. A high correlation has been found between the affected buildings and the number of victims, being very high for completely damaged buildings. Distance to the sea, building materials and expected water depths are important determining factors regarding the type of damage to buildings.
La carencia de cómics en las bibliotecas universitarias: Estudio de caso del Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico
Authors: Martínez Nazario Manuel
Published: July 2015

Objetivo. La finalidad de este artículo ha sido documentar los hallazgos de una breve investigación sobre la ausencia de cómics de superhéroes en una biblioteca académica en Puerto Rico, así como demostrar el valor académico de este recurso bibliográfico y la posibilidad de su integración. Método. Para llevar a cabo este estudio cualitativo, se ha consultado la bibliografía sobre este tema y se han entrevistado a nueve bibliotecarios, con objeto de auscultar las razones del fenómeno. Resultados. La carencia de cómics de superhéroes guarda relación con la falta de justificación curricular y la ausencia de recomendaciones de adquisición. Conclusiones. Los cómics de superhéroes han demostrado una gran popularidad entre los lectores y han comprobado su potencial en investigaciones académicas. El alcance de esta fuente de información ha rebasado los límites del entretenimiento y ha logado incorporarse en bibliotecas escolares, públicas y académicas.
El acceso a la información como eje principal de la responsabilidad social del profesional de la información
Authors: Sosa Solano Ada Suyin , Costa Célia Revilândia , Simeão Elmira Luzia Melo Soares
Published: July 2015

Objetivo. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la relación entre la responsabilidad social de las Ciencias de la Información (CI) y sus profesionales en la actualidad, desde un enfoque de derechos humanos e inclusión en la sociedad del conocimiento. Método. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los principales autores que tratan la ciencia de la información con un enfoque social. Resultados. Se identificaron diversos argumentos que confirman el papel desempeñado por los profesionales de la información como promotores y vigilantes del Derecho de Acceso a la Información. Conclusões. Se concluye que el acceso a la información es el eje principal de la responsabilidad social de los profesionales de la información.
The Influence of Corruption on the Developing World: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, International Commerce and Africa
Authors: Dunderdale Nellie R.
Published: July 2015

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) demonstrates the United States’ commitment to fight against bribery and corruption and the FCPA has had a substantial impact on commerce between organizations in the United States and the developing word.
The Contribution of the International Coffee Agreement (ICA) to the Development of Export Markets for Small Scale Coffee Farmers in Manicaland, Zimbabwe
Authors: Bigirimana Stanislas , Masengu Reason
Published: July 2015

The International Coffee Agreement (ICA) aimed at strengthening the global coffee sector through the promotion of its sustainable expansion in a market-based environment for the betterment of all participants in the sector. This goal was meant to be achieved through five strategies, namely, (1) promoting international cooperation on coffee matters, (2) encouraging consumption that balances demand and supply, (3) providing market development, (4) facilitating fair-trade and (5) enhancing coffee financing for small scale farmers in developing countries. An exploratory study aiming at assessing to what extent the ICA has contributed to the development of export markets for small scale coffee growers in Manicaland, Zimbabwe showed that the ICA is failing to promote international market development. 99% of the respondents agree that it is doing it to a lower extent. This study recommends that the ICA should put in place a platform to incorporate the small scale farmers so that they increase their market spectrum in order to increase its export volumes and sustain the sector.
Investigation of psychological factors affecting consumers' intention of accepting mobile advertising
Authors: Delafrooz Narges , Zanjankhah Zeinab Sabzali
Published: July 2015

With the rapid development of technology and increasing growth of smartphone users, the use of mobile advertising has become an optimal method for marketing. Advertising companies can use this technology to target a specific audience and to interact with them. Considering consumers have different attitudes toward mobile advertising, this study aims to investigate the psychological factors affecting their intention of accepting such advertisements. Therefore, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is used to investigate the psychological factors affecting the intention of accepting mobile advertising. It is assumed that psychological factors influence the consumers' intention of accepting mobile advertising. Applying available non-probability sampling, 420 questionnaires were distributed in the statistical population (university students who study in Rasht County), in order to evaluate the effective variables in the above-mentioned model. The results of data collected by structural equation modeling (path analysis) indicate that Iranian consumers have a positive attitude toward mobile advertising; moreover, subjective norms and perceived behavior control are other factors affecting the intention of using mobile advertising.
A rare case of unusual migrated foreign bodies in kidney and their successful extraction using retrograde percutaneous nephrostomy
Authors: Upadhyay Surjya Prasad , Zahir Mohammad , Al Muttari Hasan , Mallick Piyush N
Published: July 2015

Foreign body ingestion is a common presentation in the emergency room and most cases are without any major symptoms, or go unnoticed and later cause severe complications that can potentially threaten patient life. We report a case of multiple migrated metallic foreign bodies in the right kidney presenting as right renal colic and gross haematuria one year after its accidental ingestion, treated successfully with retrograde percutaneous nephrostomy.
Bienestar en personas mayores en situación de pobreza: determinantes y significados
Authors: Reyes María Fernanda , Altamar Paula , Aguirre Martha , Murillo Diana
Published: July 2015

Se realizó una investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio con el objetivo de identificar los determinantes de bienestar subjetivo en personas mayores en situación de pobreza. Se analizaron 12 entrevistas de hombres y mujeres con edades entre los 60 y 80 años. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante la teoría fundamentada, y se encontró que el bienestar subjetivo en las personas mayores está determinado por factores como: percepción de control, apoyo social, vinculación a actividades productivas, seguridad económica, salud, factores culturales, fortalezas personales y oportunidad de acceder a información y capacitación. Con estos hallazgos se construyó un modelo en donde se definen las relaciones entre las categorías y subcategorías.
Forecasting disaggregated tourist arrivals in Croatia
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Mervar Andrea , Payne James E.
Published: July 2015

This study examines the performance of four alternative univariate seasonal time series forecasting models (seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average [SARIMA], SARIMA with Fourier transformation, ARAR, and fractionally integrated autoregressive-moving average) of tourist arrivals to 20 Croatian counties and the City of Zagreb. Both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts reveal that the SARIMA model with Fourier transformation consistently outperforms the other models across the respective regions investigated.
The botanical macroremains from the prehistoric settlement Kalnik-Igrišče (NW Croatia) in the context of current knowledge about cultivation and plant consumption in Croatia and neighboring countries during the Bronze Age
Authors: Mareković Sara , Karavanić Snježana , Kudelić Andreja , Šoštarić Renata
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the results of the first extensive archaeobotanical research into a Bronze Age site in Croatia. The aim of the study was to reveal what plants were consumed (grown) at Kalnik-Igrišče (NW Croatia) in the Bronze Age and to realize if the plant diet of the local population differed from that of the inhabitants in neighboring countries.

The results show that all plant macrofossils found at Kalnik-Igrišče can be classified into one of four functional groups: cereals, cultivated legumes, useful trees and weeds. As much as 98% of the findings are of cereals and legumes. The most abundant species found are Panicum miliaceum (millet), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Vicia faba (faba bean), Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum (bread wheat), Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccon (emmer wheat) and Lens culinaris (lentils). The findings from Kalnik-Igrišče do not differ from the findings of neighboring countries, indicating that there were similar diets and agricultural/plant-collecting activities throughout the whole of the studied area (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, Italy, Austria and Hungary).
Exogenous steroid hormones stimulate full development of autonomous endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rojek Joanna , Pawełko Łukasz , Kapusta Małgorzata , Naczk Aleksandra , Bohdanowicz Jerzy
Published: July 2015

Most flowering plants, including important crops, require double fertilization to form an embryo and endosperm, which nourishes it. Independence from fertilization is a feature of apomictic plants that produce seeds, from which the plants that are clones of the mother plant arise. The phenomenon of apomixis occurs in some sexual plants under specific circumstances. Since the launch of a fertilization-independent mechanism is considered a useful tool for plant breeding, there have been efforts to artificially induce apomixis. We have been able to produce fertilization-independent endosperm in vitro in Arabidopsis over the last few years. This paper demonstrates the methods of improving the quality of the endosperm obtained using plant and mammalian steroid hormones. Additionally, it shows the study on the autonomous endosperm (AE) formation mechanism in vitro.

This paper examines the effect of exogenous steroid hormones on unfertilized egg and central cell divisions in culture of unpollinated pistils of Arabidopsis Col-0 wild-type and fie-1 mutant. All media with hormones used (estrone, androsterone, progesterone, and epibrassinolide) stimulated central cell divisions and fertilization-independent endosperm development. The stages of AE development followed the pattern of Arabidopsis thaliana wild type after fertilization. Subsequent stages of AE were observed from 2-nuclear up to cellular with the most advanced occurring on medium with 24-epibrassinolide and progesterone. The significant influence of mammalian sex hormones on speed of AE development and differentiation was noticed. Using restriction analysis, the changes in methylation of FIE gene was established under in vitro condition. The authors of this paper showed that Arabidopsis thaliana has a high potency to fertilization-independent development.