bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly of peptide boroxoles on cis‐dihydroxylated oligoamide templates in water
Authors: Wuttke André , Geyer Armin
Published: April 2017

We develop templates that can be used to stabilize consistent oligomers of a bioactive peptide. In the present study, we synthesize oligomers of an antibody epitope from the amyloidogenic prion protein. Dynamic covalent chemistry is the basis for the spontaneous condensation of 2, 3, 4 or 6 peptides with qualified polyol templates presenting the required number of bioorthogonal ligation sites. To study this process in aqueous solution, the N‐terminal amino acid of a 13‐mer peptide is first acylated with 4‐carboxy‐benzoboroxole (1‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dihydrobenzo[c][1,2] oxaborole‐5‐carboxylic acid) and then mixed with the template to obtain self‐assembled miniamyloids of specified degree of oligomerization. The template is assembled from bicyclic dipeptides of alternating d‐ and l‐stereochemistry. The cis‐diol group of this dipeptide hot=Tap (hot: d‐hydroxythreonine, Tap: l‐thiaproline) has sufficiently high affinity for boroxoles in water. A single N3‐hot=Tap‐OMe dipeptide template forms a 1 : 1 complex with 4‐carboxy‐benzoboroxole with excellent diastereoselectivity. The oligomeric template N3‐(hot=Tap)n‐OMe (n = 2, 3, 4 or 6) presents a regular pattern of 2, 3, 4 or 6 cis‐diol groups for the spontaneous esterification with the same number of boronic acids. Nuclear magnetic resonance identifies the homogenous regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of this ligation process. The combination of electron‐poor benzoboroxoles with this optimized cis‐diol template allows for the complete ligation under high‐dilution conditions in water with only 1.3 equivalents of peptide‐boroxole per diol functionality. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved adaptive lane‐keeping control for four‐wheel steering vehicles without lateral velocity measurements
Authors: Shu Panfeng , Sagara Shinichi , Wang Qiang , Oya Masahiro
Published: April 2017

Previously, we developed an adaptive lane‐keeping controller for vehicles without using lateral velocity measurements. However, the construction of the controller is very complex and not suitable for practical applications. To overcome this problem, we propose an improved adaptive lane‐keeping controller that is much simpler than the conventional controller. To obtain the improved controller, we propose an improved vehicle dynamic expression. In this dynamic expression, fewer elements are estimated adaptively as containing unknown vehicle parameters compared with the conventional expression. Moreover, a control performance improvement method is described theoretically. Finally, we report numerous simulations that validated the effectiveness of the improved controller. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative Binding of Metal Cations to a Spiropyran‐Conjugated Calix[4]arene
Authors: Lee Minhe , Cho Daeheum , Kim Inwon , Lee Juhyen , Lee Jin Yong , Satheeshkumar Chinnadurai , Song Changsik
Published: April 2017

Cooperative binding occurs frequently in biological systems, but is less exploited in synthetic receptor molecules. We synthesized a bis(spiropyran)‐conjugated calix[4]arene (bSPTC) through a 1,2,3‐triazole linker and found cooperativity in bindings of a series of divalent metal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+). UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy and principle component analysis were used to differentiate the recognized metal cations. The binding stoichiometry was determined by various continuation methods, which indicated that bSPTC has two binding ratios, 1:1 for Zn2+ and 1:2 for all other metal cations. Importantly, positive cooperativity was suggested for the 1:2 stoichiometry of bSPTC to Mg2+ ions from the sigmoidal saturation curve and Hill equation analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations imply that the first binding of Mg2+ to one spiropyran destabilizes the second spiropyran, which facilitates binding of a second Mg2+.
Metal‐Free Regioselective Dual C‐H Functionalization in a Cascade Fashion: Access to Isocryptolepine Alkaloid Analogues
Authors: Murugan Arumugavel , Vidyacharan Shinde , Ghosh Ruma , Sharada Duddu S.
Published: April 2017

A metal‐free regioselective approach to annulated indazoles is presented via dual C−H functionalization of indazole and benzylamine in a cascade fashion. The salient features of the present protocol are regioselective C3‐functionalization, one‐pot synthesis of annulated scaffolds, metal‐free, peroxide‐free, operationally simple and wide substrate scope.
Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Silicon Waste‐Derived Hierarchical Silicon/Flake Graphite/Carbon Composite as Low‐Cost and High‐Capacity Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Bing , Ma Bingjie , Yu Ruizhi , Lu Qun , Cai Siyu , Chen Manfang , Wu Zhenyu , Xiang Kaixiong , Wang Xianyou
Published: April 2017

The silicon/flake graphite/carbon (Si/FG/C) composite with hierarchical structure has been designed, fabricated and used as anode material of lithium ion battery via a facile and attainable high temperature calcination method using photovoltaic monocrystalline silicon waste as silicon source. The physical characterization of the hierarchical Si/FG/C composite is conducted by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results reveal that the nano‐Si and flake graphite are effectively and homogenously encapsulated by pyrolytic carbon and form the Si/FG/C composite with hierarchical structure. The electrochemical measurements show that the Si/FG/C composite delivers a high initial specific capacity of 634 mAh g−1 and excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.6 % at 0.2 C with a capacity retention of 82 % after 200 cycles, which is apparently higher than the capacity retention (57.96 %) of the same composition Si/C composite. Besides, the Si/FG/C composite behaves outstanding cycle stability and rate capability.
The modified dynamic‐based pushover analysis of steel moment resisting frames
Authors: Mirjalili M. R. , Rofooei F. R.
Published: April 2017

A modified dynamic‐based pushover (MDP) analysis is proposed to properly consider the effects of higher modes and the nonlinear behavior of the structural systems. For this purpose, first, a dynamic‐based story force distribution (DSFD) load pattern is constructed using a linear dynamic analysis, either time history (THA) or response spectrum (RSA). Performing an initial pushover analysis with the DSFD load pattern, a nonlinearity modification factor (NMF) is calculated to modify the DSFD load pattern. The envelope of the peak responses of the structure obtained from 2 pushover analyses with the modified DSFD load pattern as well as the code suggested first mode load pattern are considered as the final demand parameters of the structural system. The efficiency of the proposed MDP procedure is investigated using the results of nonlinear THA besides some existing pushover procedures. For this purpose, the 2‐dimensional 9‐, 15‐, and 20‐story, SAC steel frame building models are considered for parametric studies using OpenSees program. The results indicate that the proposed MDP‐THA and MDP‐RSA methods can significantly improve the performance of the pushover analysis. Considering the accuracy and calculation efforts, the MDP‐RSA method is strongly suggested as an efficient and applicable method to estimate the nonlinear response demands of steel moment resisting frames.
Britain, France and the Empire, 1350–1500
Authors: Kekewich Margaret L. , Rose Susan
Published: April 2017

This clear and concise book focuses on the history of the major realms in Northern Europe during a period in which the relatively stable society of the High Middle Ages was shaken by wars, plague and depopulation. Taking into account, and challenging, the findings of recent research, Margaret L. Kekewich and Susan Rose present their own distinctive interpretations.

Britain, France and the Empire, 1350-1500

- Contrasts the structure of rural society with the growing importance of towns and traders

- Examines the development of the political structures within the various realms

- Pays particular attention to the way in which ideals of kingship were or were not fulfilled in practice

- Discusses warfare and logistics

- Considers the enormous significance of religion alongside the evolution of a distinctive court society and the growth of intellectual interests

Adopting a thematic approach, and illustrated throughout, this is the ideal introductory guide to a transitional period in European history.
Clinicopathological Significance and Prognosis of Medullary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Jin Hwa , Pyo Jung‐Soo , Cho Won Jin
Published: April 2017

Background

The objective of the present meta‐analysis was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and prognosis of micro‐MTC compared to macro‐MTC.

Methods

Relevant articles were obtained by searching the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. A meta‐analysis was performed using 15 eligible studies. In addition, subgroup analysis based on heredity was performed in patients diagnosed with micro‐MTC.

Results

The rate of extrathyroidal extension of micro‐MTC [0.118 (95% CI 0.073–0.185)] was significantly lower than that of macro‐MTC [0.303 (95% CI 0.224–0.395)]. Micro‐MTC [0.229 (95% CI 0.161–0.314)] had a significantly lower rate of cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis compared to macro‐MTC [0.595 (95% CI 0.486–0.694)]. The rate of multifocality was not significantly different between micro‐MTC and macro‐MTC [0.394 (95% CI 0.244–0.566) vs. 0.320 (95% CI 0.234–0.421), respectively]. The rate of distant metastasis did not differ significantly between micro‐MTC [0.082 (95% CI 0.017–0.314)] and macro‐MTC [0.068 (95% CI 0.009–0.376)]. Patients with micro‐MTC showed significantly higher disease‐free survival rates [hazard ratio [HR] 0.406 (95% CI 0.288–0.575), I2 = 40.563%] compared to patients with macro‐MTC.

Conclusion

Micro‐MTC has aggressive features, such as multifocality and distant metastasis, similar to macro‐MTC and a non‐negligible rate of extrathyroidal extension and cervical LN metastasis. We suggest that treatment of micro‐MTC should be approached with a similar focus as that of macro‐MTC. Considering that less extrathyroidal extension and cervical LN metastasis occur in patients with micro‐MTC compared to macro‐MTC, we propose that treatment of micro‐MTC, which has a relatively low disease burden status, should be viewed as an opportunity for improving prognosis.
Improved cider fermentation performance and quality with newly generated Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces eubayanus hybrids
Authors: Magalhães Frederico , Krogerus Kristoffer , Vidgren Virve , Sandell Mari , Gibson Brian
Published: April 2017

Yeast cryotolerance may be advantageous for cider making, where low temperatures are usually employed. Here, we crossed the cryotolerant S. eubayanus with a S. cerevisiae wine strain and assessed the suitability of the hybrids for low-temperature cider fermentation. All strains fermented the juice to 5% ABV, but at different rates; hybrid strains outperformed S. cerevisiae, which was sensitive to low temperatures. The best hybrid fermented similarly to S. eubayanus. S. eubayanus produced sulphurous off flavours which masked a high concentration of fruity ester notes. This phenotype was absent in the hybrid strains, resulting in distinctly fruitier ciders. Aroma was assessed by an independent consumer panel, which rated the hybrid ciders as identical to the wine strain cider. Both were significantly more pleasant than the S. eubayanus cider. Interspecific hybridization can apparently be used effectively to improve low-temperature fermentation performance without compromising product quality.
Motivational Interviewing to prevent dropout from an education and employment program for young adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sayegh Caitlin S. , Huey Stanley J. , Barnett Elizabeth , Spruijt‐Metz Donna
Published: April 2017

This study tested the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing for improving retention at a “second chance” program in the United States for unemployed young adults who had not graduated high school (ages 18–24; 60% male). We investigated how Motivational Interviewing effects might be mediated by change talk (i.e., arguments for change) and moderated by preference for consistency (PFC). Participants (N = 100) were randomly assigned to (1) Motivational Interviewing designed to elicit change talk, (2) placebo counseling designed not to elicit change talk, or (3) no additional treatment. Motivational Interviewing sessions increased change talk, but did not increase program retention or diploma earning. PFC was a significant moderator of Motivational Interviewing's impact on program retention; Motivational Interviewing was most effective at increasing 8 week retention for high PFC participants, and least effective for low PFC participants. These results suggest that Motivational Interviewing could be a useful tool for improving retention in education and employment programs, but clinicians should be attentive to how participant characteristics might enhance or diminish Motivational Interviewing effects.
The Showrooming Phenomenon: It's More than Just about Price
Authors: Gensler Sonja , Neslin Scott A. , Verhoef Peter C.
Published: April 2017

This paper examines the factors that influence competitive showrooming, whereby consumers visit an offline retail store to gather information but make their purchase online at a competing retailer. We survey 556 respondents to study how the benefits and costs of showrooming influence the consumer's decision to showroom. Not surprisingly, we find that expected average price savings from showrooming are positively associated with showrooming. In addition, however, the perceived dispersion in online prices is also positively related to showrooming. Moreover, we find that non-price factors play a key role in consumers’ showrooming decisions: perceived gains in the quality of the product purchased when showrooming (measured as the fit with a consumer's need) and waiting time for service in the brick-and-mortar store are positively associated with showrooming. Online search costs are negatively related to showrooming. Time pressure that consumers face when shopping is negatively associated with their propensity to showroom. We discuss implications for researchers and retail managers. For example, managers of offline retail stores can curtail showrooming by increasing the number of sales personnel available in-store instead of providing currently employed personnel with more training. To encourage showrooming, managers of online retailers should make it easier for the customer to search online.
Entrenamiento de la musculatura del piso pélvico como parte del tratamiento para la disfunción eréctil después de prostatectomía radical: serie de casos, experiencia en un centro médico de alta complejidad
Authors: Molina-Valencia Eliana , Correa-Aristizabal Lizeth , Cantor Erika , Rivera Fabio , Ocampo-Trujillo Ángela
Published: April 2017

Introducción La disfunción eréctil se ha reconocido como una complicación de la prostatectomía radical. El entrenamiento de los músculos del piso pélvico puede ser una opción terapéutica, sin embargo, existe poca evidencia sobre el efecto del entrenamiento en la función eréctil.

Objetivo Describir el efecto de la rehabilitación de la musculatura de piso pélvico en la función eréctil en hombres > 40 años con disfunción eréctil después de prostatectomía radical.

Métodos Estudio retrospectivo basado en la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con disfunción eréctil después de prostatectomía radical, sometidos a un protocolo de rehabilitación con ejercicios de músculos de piso pélvico, biofeedback y electroestimulación. La función eréctil se evaluó por el índice internacional de la función eréctil (IIEF-5). La presión de los elevadores del ano se midió con el equipo Myomed134 y la fuerza muscular con la escala modificada de Oxford.

Resultados Se incluyeron 13 hombres con edad promedio de 63,2 ± 8 años, sin historia de consumo de tabaco y con índice de masa corporal de 24,9 ± 2,6 kg/m2. Antes de la intervención, se encontraron 10 casos con disfunción severa y 3 de leve a moderada, según el cuestionario IIEF-5. Después de la intervención, se encontró mejoría en 11 pacientes en la función eréctil: 7 con mejoría completa, 4 con disfunción eréctil leve. En 2 casos no se presentó mejoría.

Conclusión El estudio muestra que el efecto del entrenamiento de la musculatura de piso pélvico es beneficioso en la recuperación de la función eréctil después de prostatectomía radical.
Experiencia en nefrolitotomía percutánea modificada en un centro urológico
Authors: Velasco-Piedrahita Jaime , Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés , Martínez Jose
Published: April 2017

Introducción Recientemente se ha descrito la técnica quirúrgica para la realización de nefrolitotomías percutáneas modificadas que permite obtener punciones de diámetro reducido, con buena visibilidad y éxito sin la necesidad de adquirir nuevos instrumentos.

Objetivo Establecer el comportamiento de los pacientes tratados con nefrolitotomía percutánea modificada en un centro urológico de Pereira (Colombia), 2015–2016.

Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo de un grupo de pacientes que han sido tratados con nefrolitotomía percutánea modificada, donde se eliminó la camisa metálica del nefroscopio estándar para permitir menor diámetro del tracto de entrada (22-F). Se revisaron datos de registros clínicos incluyendo variables sociodemográficas, de comorbilidades, quirúrgicas y complicaciones. Se realizó seguimiento de variables adicionales del postoperatorio. Estadística descriptiva empleando STATA 11.

Resultados En total se revisaron datos de 21 pacientes intervenidos con nefrolitotomía percutánea modificada. La edad media fue de 51,5 años y el 57,1% fueron hombres. El tamaño promedio de las litiasis fue de 32,8 mm y el 57,1% de las punciones fueron en cáliz inferior. La duración promedio del procedimiento fue de 91 min con una mediana de sangrado de 50 mL. La tasa libre de cálculos fue del 90,5% y ningún paciente tuvo sonda de nefrostomía (tubeless). La mayoría de los pacientes (95,2%) fueron manejados de manera ambulatoria, sin mayores complicaciones intra- o posquirúrgicas, aunque el nivel de dolor a la semana siguiente del procedimiento fue en promedio de 4,1.

Conclusiones La técnica de nefrolitotomía percutánea modificada descrita mostró ser segura, efectiva y factible de realizar, incluso en pacientes con grandes litiasis y tubeless ambulatoria.
A Case of Leptomeningeal Dissemination of Pilocytic Astrocytoma in a Child
Authors: Su Yu-Feng , Chang Chih-Hui , Chiou Shyh-Shin , Chai Chee-Yin , Hwang Shiuh-Lin , Loh Joon-Khim
Published: April 2017

We present the case of a 2-year-old boy with progressive left-sided weakness and a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showing a lesion with a cystic component in the right thalamus and basal ganglia. The lesion was subtotally resected and diagnosed as a pilocytic astrocytoma by histopathology. Tumor seeding along the surgical tract was seen on MRI 16 days and 10 weeks after surgery. The patient received vincristine and carboplatin, and MRI performed 4 months after chemotherapy revealed no additional or residual lesions. This case illustrated that a World Health Organization grade I astrocytoma could disseminate along the surgical tract.
Point Mapping Integrates Data Collection and Weed Control Operations
Authors: Young Craig C. , Bell Jordan C. , Gross Chad S. , Morrison Lloyd W. , Haack-Gaynor Jennifer L.
Published: April 2017

In this case study, we evaluated a point-mapping method for simultaneously collecting data while controlling three invasive woody plant species: black locust, Chinese privet, and hardy orange. The study in Arkansas Post National Memorial included seven project areas ranging in size from 2.7 to 27.3 ha and spanned six field seasons (2010 to 2015). The control techniques varied depending on plant size and always included the application of herbicide, which also varied over the course of the study to include glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr. Each person responsible for controlling plants simultaneously collected global positioning system point data to estimate the foliar cover of the plants treated. The resulting data demonstrated evidence of decreases in all three plant species in most project areas during the 6-yr period. Initial increases in area treated for some species–area combinations reflected differences in the preliminary efforts required to control invasive plants in entire project areas, but by 2012 six of seven project areas were treated in their entirety. Despite a high level of reduction, in some cases, the plants persisted at low levels even during the sixth year of the project. Our findings support the ability of this method to granularly detect changes in plant abundance while simultaneously controlling invasive plants. With several acknowledged limitations, this streamlined project-based monitoring approach provides data that allow managers to assess the effectiveness of weed control treatments.
A computational model of the flight dynamics and aerodynamics of a jellyfish-like flying machine
Authors: Fang Fang , Ho Kenneth L. , Ristroph Leif , Shelley Michael J.
Published: April 2017

We explore theoretically the aerodynamics of a recently fabricated jellyfish-like flying machine (Ristroph & Childress, J. R. Soc. Interface, vol. 11 (92), 2014, 20130992). This experimental device achieves flight and hovering by opening and closing opposing sets of wings. It displays orientational or postural flight stability without additional control surfaces or feedback control. Our model ‘machine’ consists of two mirror-symmetric massless flapping wings connected to a volumeless body with mass and moment of inertia. A vortex sheet shedding and wake model is used for the flow simulation. Use of the fast multipole method allows us to simulate for long times and resolve complex wakes. We use our model to explore the design parameters that maintain body hovering and ascent, and investigate the performance of steady ascent states. We find that ascent speed and efficiency increase as the wings are brought closer, due to a mirror-image ‘ground-effect’ between the wings. Steady ascent is approached exponentially in time, which suggests a linear relationship between the aerodynamic force and ascent speed. We investigate the orientational stability of hovering and ascent states by examining the flyer’s free response to perturbation from a transitory external torque. Our results show that bottom-heavy flyers (centre of mass below the geometric centre) are capable of recovering from large tilts, whereas the orientation of the top-heavy flyers diverges. These results are consistent with the experimental observations in Ristroph & Childress (J. R. Soc. Interface, vol. 11 (92), 2014, 20130992), and shed light upon future designs of flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles that use jet-based mechanisms.
Analytical analysis of gas diffusion into non-circular pores of shale organic matter
Authors: Mehrabi Mehran , Javadpour Farzam , Sepehrnoori Kamy
Published: April 2017

The total of the gas in shale gas reservoirs is sourced from a combination of free, adsorbed and dissolved/diffused gas. The mechanisms of production of free and adsorbed gas have been studied by numerous researchers. In contrast, the evolution of the dissolved gas and its contribution to the total gas production is not well understood. In this study we model the effect of pore micro-structure in organic matter (OM) on the rate of gas production in shale reservoirs. In this regard, first, we solve the gas-in-solid diffusion equation over a general doubly connected spatial domain with external Neumann and internal Dirichlet boundary conditions. The obtained solution is applied systematically to multi-pore porous OM domains and then the effect of pore morphology on the rate of gas production is studied. Our model results show that pore geometry has a slight effect on the gas diffusion process, while total organic carbon, and OM porosity, pore size distribution and specific surface area, are dominant parameters. An abundance of very small pores in OM tremendously increases the diffuse gas contribution in the total gas reserve and production.
Hydrodynamics of a droplet passing through a microfluidic T-junction
Authors: Chen Yongping , Deng Zilong
Published: April 2017

We develop a phase-field multiphase lattice Boltzmann model to systematically investigate the dynamic behaviour of a droplet passing through a microfluidic T-junction, especially focusing on the non-breakup of the droplet. Detailed information on the breakup and non-breakup is presented, together with the quantitative evolutions of driving and resistance forces as well as the droplet deformation characteristics involved. Through comparisons between cases of non-breakup and breakup, we find that the appearance of tunnels (the lubricating film between droplet and channel walls) provides a precondition for the final non-breakup of droplets, which slows down the droplet deformation rate and even induces non-breakup. The vortex flow formed inside droplets plays an important role in determining whether they break up or not. In particular, when the strength of vortex flow exceeds a critical value, a droplet can no longer break up. Additionally, more effort has been devoted to investigating the effects of viscosity ratio between disperse and continuous phases and width ratio between branch and main channels on droplet dynamic behaviours. It is found that a large droplet viscosity results in a small velocity gradient in a droplet, which restricts vortex generation and thus produces lower deformation resistance. Consequently, it is easier to break up a droplet with larger viscosity. Our work also reveals that a droplet in small branch channels tends to obstruct the channels and have small vortex flows, which induces easier breakup too. Eventually, several phase diagrams for droplet flow patterns are provided, and the corresponding power-law correlations ($l_{0}/w=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}Ca^{b}$, where $l_{0}/w$ is dimensionless initial droplet length and $Ca$ is capillary number) are fitted to describe the boundaries between different flow patterns.
Inertial migration of spherical and oblate particles in straight ducts
Authors: Lashgari Iman , Ardekani Mehdi Niazi , Banerjee Indradumna , Russom Aman , Brandt Luca
Published: April 2017

We study numerically the inertial migration of a single rigid sphere and an oblate spheroid in straight square and rectangular ducts. A highly accurate interface-resolved numerical algorithm is employed to analyse the entire migration dynamics of the oblate particle and compare it with that of the sphere. Similarly to the inertial focusing of spheres, the oblate particle reaches one of the four face-centred equilibrium positions, however they are vertically aligned with the axis of symmetry in the spanwise direction. In addition, the lateral trajectories of spheres and oblates collapse into an equilibrium manifold before ending at the equilibrium positions, with the equilibrium manifold tangential to lines of constant background shear for both sphere and oblate particles. The differences between the migration of the oblate and sphere are also presented, in particular the oblate may focus on the diagonal symmetry line of the duct cross-section, close to one of the corners, if its diameter is larger than a certain threshold. Moreover, we show that the final orientation and rotation of the oblate exhibit chaotic behaviour for Reynolds numbers beyond a critical value. Finally, we document that the lateral motion of the oblate particle is less uniform than that of the spherical particle due to its evident tumbling motion throughout the migration. In a square duct, the strong tumbling motion of the oblate in the first stage of the migration results in a lower lateral velocity and consequently longer focusing length with respect to that of the spherical particle. The opposite is true in a rectangular duct where the higher lateral velocity of the oblate in the second stage of the migration, with negligible tumbling, gives rise to shorter focusing lengths. These results can help the design of microfluidic systems for bioapplications.
Investigating intertextuality and interdiscursivity in evaluation: the case of conceptual blending
Authors: BULLO STELLA
Published: April 2017

abstract

The present paper investigates the sense making practices of participants in interaction within the context of reception studies of advertising and explores the cognitive nature of intertextuality and interdiscursivity as evidence of conceptual integration. The paper argues that sense making, through its intertextual and interdiscursive nature, is a carrier of attitudinal disposition which is manifested in the lexical selection of evaluative items arising from conceptual integration. The data examined for this study were collected from informants in focus groups when discussing a series of printed adverts that make reference to works of art. The results of the analysis indicate that intertextuality and interdiscursivity can be seen as constituting evidence of the conceptual phenomena of blending theory in sense making from where evaluative disposition emerges. They further suggest that both are processes in the audience’s sense making process rather than merely a feature of texts.
Timing of plutonism in the Gällivare area: implications for Proterozoic crustal development in the northern Norrbotten ore district, Sweden
Authors: SARLUS ZMAR , ANDERSSON ULF B. , BAUER TOBIAS E. , WANHAINEN CHRISTINA , MARTINSSON OLOF , NORDIN ROGER , ANDERSSON JOEL B.H.
Published: April 2017

Zircon ion probe (secondary-ion mass spectrometry or SIMS) data from a set of intrusive rocks emplaced in the vicinity of major ore bodies, as well as from large igneous intrusions in the Gällivare area, gave the following results: (1) the Dundret ultramafic–mafic layered complex (1883±5 Ma), the Aitik granite (1883±5 Ma), the Nautanen diorite (1870±12 Ma), the Vassaravaara ultramafic–mafic layered complex (1798±4 Ma), the Aitik dolerite (1813±9 Ma), the Bergmästergruvan and Sikträsk syenites (1795±4 Ma and 1801±3 Ma, respectively) and the Naalojärvi granite (1782±5 Ma). These data broadly fall within the ranges 1.89–1.87 Ga (early Svecofennian) and 1.80–1.78 Ga (late Svecofennian), but geochronologically allow further subdivision into pulses at 1885–1880, 1875–1870, 1800 and 1780 Ma. During these events, large layered ultramafic–mafic and felsic plutonic rocks were generated with distinct overlap in time suggesting coeval felsic–mafic magmatism. Results also indicate the presence of inheritedc.1.87 Ga zircon crystals in the plutonic rocks at 1.78 Ga, supporting reworking of the previous crust. These data indicate the importance of mantle-derived mafic underplating in the process of crustal magma generation in the region. Thec.1.88 Ga event that generated ultramafic–mafic layered complexes is tentatively suggested to have played an important role in the formation of the Aitik Cu–Au porphyry system. The later event atc.1.80 Ga, generating voluminous mafic–felsic units, is suggested to be coupled to the regional iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) overprint.
Large-scale map and 3D modelling of the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station
Authors: Pasik Mariusz , Kowalska Maria Elżbieta , Łapiński Sławomir , Rajner Marcin , Bakuła Krzysztof
Published: April 2017

This paper presents survey measurements carried out during the 39th Polish Antarctic Expedition to the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station in March 2015. The measurements were used to create a map on a 1:500 scale and for 3D modelling of the station buildings and vicinity. The paper also presents the geodetic control network established around the station. We discuss the issue of creating a digital elevation model for the station and its surroundings. The elevation models were generated using terrestrial laser scanning data integrated with Global Navigation Satellite System real time kinematic and tacheometric surveying. The accuracy of these models was estimated using height differences in relation to survey data. The mean height difference was 0.03 m and root mean square error was 0.05 m. Furthermore, an analysis of changes to the coastline was conducted using archival cartographic materials to assess the threat of Admiralty Bay to the station buildings. The results are important for continued scientific activity and safety at Arctowski Station, and may be useful for future research on King George Island.
NETWORKS AND CHURCH BUILDING IN THE AEGEAN: CRETE, CYPRUS, LYCIA AND THE PELOPONNESE
Authors: Sweetman Rebecca
Published: April 2017

Studies of Christianisation in mainland Greece have indicated different processes, planned and unplanned, of religious change. Memory and tradition were drawn on to help situate the earliest churches within existing social and religious structures without creating significant tension. Using the methodology developed for the study of the Peloponnese, the aim of this work is to examine three topographically and politically distinct regions (Crete, Cyprus and Lycia) to assess the extent to which various network connections provided a conduit for religious change throughout the Late Antique period.
The Recursive Outcomes of the Multiracial Movement and the End of American Racial Categories
Authors: Williams Kim M.
Published: April 2017

After a protracted national discussion about racial mixture in the early 1990s, the Office of Management and Budget made the unprecedented decision in 1997 to allow Americans to “mark one or more” racial categories on the 2000 census. A small “multiracial movement” provoked this fundamental change in the way the government collects racial data. This case study shows that even very small and modest social movements can have profound effects on public policy through their unintended consequences. In winning a redefinition of how the U.S. government defines and counts by race, the multiracial movement of the 1990s set in motion a process that has both amplified and been amplified by broader structural and cultural changes in how Americans perceive race. The modest impact of a small social movement can ultimately produce very big consequences.
Gropius and the Teddy Bear: a tale of two factories
Authors: Vale Brenda , Vale Robert
Published: April 2017

The architecturally radical Steiff teddy bear factory in Giengen, Germany is a three storey, double skin glass curtain wall building with a steel frame, built in 1903. It is almost unknown in architectural history. On the other hand the loadbearing brick Fagus factory built in 1911 to a design by Gropius and Meyer, in spite of its nineteenth century technology, has become a hallowed icon of modern architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The article discusses the contested history of both buildings and offers some suggestions as to why one became famous and the other did not. It also discusses the equally contested history of the teddy bear, showing that in both cases, history tends to ignore facts in favour of good stories.
Retracing Alvar Aalto's design process through the sketches and drawings of Vuoksenniska Church (1955–8)
Authors: Ando Mihoko
Published: April 2017

Alvar Aalto's Vuoksenniska Church (1958) has been widely discussed in architectural literature, often in general terms of plasticity or ambiguity. Yet previous studies have given relatively little consideration to the approximately 800 archived sketches and drawings for the project. When a limited number of Aalto's sketches for the church have appeared previously, an isolated sketch has often been used to illustrate a single aspect or element of the church, such as a notable lighting or acoustic detail. The church's complexity and spatial qualities make it well suited for more detailed study, using sketches and drawings to clarify the design process of the church and provide new insights. The most important sketches and drawings from the church's design process are presented and discussed in this paper. They illustrate how the design process began with simple sketches, in plan and section, for folding and moveable partitions, highlighting Aalto's priority for balancing religious and social activities in the church through divisible meeting spaces. Acoustical considerations were also combined in these earlier plans, while section sketches show how the church's skylight and unique clerestory windows were gradually developed through several iterations. The threefold repetition of elements in both plan and section was consistent throughout the design process. The structure of the church was designed with simple organic motifs like frogs and fish, but was also intentionally combined with other key elements. While previous studies have emphasised one aspect of the church or another, Aalto's sketches taken together offer a more holistic understanding. They show the interrelated nature of different elements in the church and the relative relationships between different sketches and ideas in the design process. As a work of architecture, the church's definitive qualities of architectural harmony and coherence are far more compelling than any one particular feature or notable detail.
Project and system: Instituto Politécnico Superior de Valencia
Authors: Gómez Raúl Castellanos , Calabuig Débora Domingo
Published: April 2017

In the late 1960s and early 70s, many universities in Europe were designed and built using a system-oriented approach. This paper examines the specific case of the Instituto Politécnico Superior de Valencia on the basis of the documents and drawings for the scheme design competition and the production information by L35 Arquitectos, an architectural firm in Barcelona. The analysis addresses the university as an organised whole resulting from the interaction of a functional system, a construction system and an urban system.
Innovation, informed consent, health research and the Supreme Court: Montgomery v Lanarkshire – a brave new world?
Authors: Mchale Jean V.
Published: April 2017

The Supreme Court decision in Montgomery v Lanarkshire ([2015] UKSC11) has been hailed as a landmark not least because the Court enshrines the doctrine of informed consent formally into English law for the first time in relation to medical treatment. This paper explores the decision in Montgomery. It examines what its implications may be in the future for the consent process in relation to health research and innovative treatment and whether it may prove a watershed moment leading to changing dialogues and expectations in relation to consent. First, the paper explores the concept of ‘informed consent’ in clinical research as seen through international, Council of Europe and EU instruments. Second, it considers how English law currently governs the provision of information to research participants in the context of clinical research. It questions whether such an approach will be sustainable in the future. Third, it discusses the decision of the UK Supreme Court in Montgomery v Lanarkshire and asks what might be the impact of this Supreme Court decision in the health research context. It asks whether Montgomery may result in new approaches to consent in health research and innovative treatment.
BODY-MASS ESTIMATION IN PALEONTOLOGY: A REVIEW OF VOLUMETRIC TECHNIQUES
Authors: Brassey Charlotte A.
Published: April 2017

Body mass is a key parameter for understanding the physiology, biomechanics, and ecology of an organism. Within paleontology, body mass is a fundamental prerequisite for many studies considering body-size evolution, survivorship patterns, and the occurrence of dwarfism and gigantism. The conventional method for estimating fossil body mass relies on allometric scaling relationships derived from skeletal metrics of extant taxa, but the recent application of three-dimensional imaging techniques to paleontology (e.g., surface laser scanning, computed tomography, and photogrammetry) has allowed for the rapid digitization of fossil specimens. Volumetric body-mass estimation methods based on whole articulated skeletons are therefore becoming increasingly popular. Volume-based approaches offer several advantages, including the ability to reconstruct body-mass distribution around the body, and their relative insensitivity to particularly robust or gracile elements, i.e., the so-called ‘one bone effect.’ Yet their application to the fossil record will always be limited by the paucity of well-preserved specimens. Furthermore, uncertainties with regards to skeletal articulation, body density, and soft-tissue distribution must be acknowledged and their effects quantified. Future work should focus on extant taxa to improve our understanding of body composition and increase confidence in volumetric model input parameters.
MORPHOMUSEUM: AN ONLINE PLATFORM FOR PUBLICATION AND STORAGE OF VIRTUAL SPECIMENS
Authors: Lebrun Renaud , Orliac Maëva J.
Published: April 2017

Since the early 1990s, methods for the acquisition of three-dimensional (3-D) data and computer-assisted techniques for the visualization of such data have grown increasingly popular among biologists, paleontologists, and paleoanthropologists. However, thus far no standardized repository for complex virtual models based on 3-D digital data of specimens has emerged, whereas the need for researchers to provide access to 3-D models of specimens as well as the pressure imposed on authors by scientific journals to make original 3-D morphological data publicly available have increased. MorphoMuseuM (M3) aims to fill this gap. M3 is both a peer-reviewed scientific journal (M3 Journal) and a virtual specimen repository (M3 Repository). All scientific articles and their associated 3-D models deposited in M3 go through a formal review process. Each published model is given a DOI and a unique identifier code, which should be cited by researchers using this model in their scientific publications. In this paper, we describe the place of M3 among other online repositories for 3-D data, and explain how the growing community of biologists working with 3-D data can benefit from using M3.
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY APPLIED TO PALEONTOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
Authors: Ball Alexander D. , Goral Tomasz , Kamanli Seyit A.
Published: April 2017

Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a well-established optical technique allowing for three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of fluorescent specimens with a resolution close to the diffraction limit of light. Thanks to the availability of a wide range of fluorescent dyes and selective staining using antibodies, the technique is commonly used in life sciences as a powerful tool for studying different biological processes, often at the level of single molecules. However, this type of approach is often not applicable for specimens that are preserved in historical slide collections, embedded in amber, or are fossilized, and cannot be exposed to any form of selective staining or other form of destructive treatment. This usually narrows the number of microscopic techniques that can be used to study such specimens to traditional light microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. However, these techniques have their own limitations and cannot fully reveal 3-D structures within such barely accessible samples. Can confocal microscopy be of any help? The answer is positive, and it is due to the fact that many paleontological specimens exhibit a strong inherent autofluorescence that can serve as an excellent source of emitted photons for confocal microscopy visualizations either through reconstruction of the induced autoflourescent signal from the sample, or through reconstruction of the reflected signal from the sample surface. Here, we describe the workflow and methodology involved in acquiring confocal data from a sample and reprocessing the resulting image stack using the image-processing program imageJ before reconstructing the data using the open-source 3-D rendering program, Drishti. This approach opens new possibilities for using confocal microscopy in a nondestructive manner for visualizing complex paleontological material that has never previously been considered as suitable for this type of microscopic technique.
No relation between biomarkers at age 47–49 and aortic diameter after 14–19 years of follow-up – a population-based study
Authors: Taimour Soumia , Zarrouk Moncef , Holst Jan , Melander Olle , Engström Gunar , Smith J. Gustav , Gottsäter Anders
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Background: Biomarkers reflecting diverse pathophysiological pathways may play an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (aortic diameter ≥30 mm, AAA), levels of many biomarkers are elevated and correlated to aortic diameter among 65-year-old men undergoing ultrasound (US) screening for AAA. Probands and methods: To evaluate potential relationships between biomarkers and aortic dilatation after long-term follow-up, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), proneurotensin (PNT), copeptin (CPT), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2 (Lp-PLA2), cystatin C (Cyst C), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) were measured in 117 subjects (114 [97 %] men) aged 47–49 in a prospective population-based cohort study, and related to aortic diameter at US examination of the aorta after 14–19 years of follow-up. Results: Biomarker levels at baseline did not correlate with aortic diameter after 14–19 years of follow up (CRP [r = 0.153], PNT [r = 0.070], CPT [r = –.156], Lp-PLA2 [r = .024], Cyst C [r = –.015], MR-proANP [r = 0.014], MR-proADM [r = –.117]). Adjusting for age and smoking at baseline in a linear regression model did not reveal any significant correlations. Conclusions: Tested biomarker levels at age 47–49 were not associated with aortic diameter at ultrasound examination after 14–19 years of follow-up. If there are relationships between these biomarkers and aortic dilatation, they are not relevant until closer to AAA diagnosis.
Clinical and duplex ultrasound evaluation of lower extremities varicose veins – a practical guideline
Authors: Spinedi Luca , Broz Pavel , Peter Engelberger Rolf , Staub Daniel , Uthoff Heiko
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Lower extremities varicose veins are among the most frequent diseases in the general population. They can cause complaints with a deterioration of the quality of life and are associated with potentially threatening clinical conditions such as chronic venous ulceration, haemorrhage from ruptured varicose veins, and venous thromboembolism. An accurate diagnostic work-up is crucial to confirm the presence and the extension of the venous problem, in order to obtain an optimal management of the condition. In the past years, great efforts have been made to reach an international consensus on the terminology, the symptomatology, the classification, and the duplex ultrasound examination of lower extremities varicose veins. Mainly guided by these consensus documents, the present article describes the diagnostic work-up of lower extremities varicose veins, based on a careful medical history, physical examination, and duplex ultrasound examination.
New Tool for Understanding Landscape Evolution in Drylands
Authors: Lunn Jenny
Published: April 2017

Combining vegetation distribution models and sediment transport models offers a better understanding of how dryland environments change in response to different factors.