bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity micromechanical modeling of the effects of defects on damage and creep behavior in single tow ceramic matrix composite
Authors: Khafagy Khaled H , Chattopadhyay Aditi
Published: December 2022

Despite the superior properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), their fabrication process generates inevitable defects with high density that significantly influence material integrity and residual useful life. Recent efforts have focused on CMC property prediction and investigation of their different inelastic mechanisms, but very limited work exists on understanding the influence of defects on inelastic responses of CMCs. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional micromechanics computational framework that includes experimentally informed material microstructure and architectural variabilities to investigate CMC response in the presence of manufacturing-induced defects. A developed microstructure generation algorithm is used to generate the representative volume elements in the micromechanics models from complex material morphology information obtained from extensive characterization studies of C/SiNC and SiC/SiNC CMCs. A fracture mechanics-informed matrix damage model is reformulated, in which the model considers the growth of porosity and microcracks in the as-received material. A progressive fiber damage model as well as Orthotropic viscoplasticity creep formulation are also utilized for the study. This methodology is implemented within the micromechanics framework to investigate the complex temperature- and time-dependent load transfer and damage mechanisms of CMCs under operation loading conditions. The developed framework explores the influence of as-received defects on the damage and creep behavior in service conditions. It also provides new insights into the effect of size, shape, distribution, and location of these defects on material response. The framework is then calibrated with unidirectional CMC minicomposite results available in the literature.
Territoriality and the Modern State: The Case of China's 1962 Land Rules
Authors: Reilly Wuna
Published: December 2022

Establishing new land rules is often a central part of how a modern state is constructed and sustained. In China, a state-led territorial process resulted in a set of land rules in 1962 that demarcated rural land in accordance with the production experience spaces of acquaintance communities and granted these communities key ownership rights over a fixed territory. These rights created structural conditions that encouraged village groups to establish their own operational rules, which in turn incentivized cooperation among group members on collective production and distribution. This system thus generated “quasi-voluntary” compliance, as farmers met their tax obligations in exchange for these land rights. This article explores how the 1962 land rules evolved and their role in producing the PRC's communal-owned land system, which still formally covers almost half of China's territory and population today, and the implications for the range of possible rural land governance arrangements in modern societies.
Simulation-driven experimental hypotheses and design: a study of price impact and bubbles
Authors: Cordoni Francesco , Giannetti Caterina , Lillo Fabrizio , Bottazzi Giulio
Published: December 2022

A crucial aspect of every experiment is the formulation of hypotheses prior to data collection. In this paper, we use a simulation-based approach to generate synthetic data and formulate the hypotheses for our market experiment and calibrate its laboratory design. In this experiment, we extend well-established laboratory market models to the two-asset case, accounting at the same time for heterogeneous artificial traders with multi-asset strategies. Our main objective is to identify the role played in the price-bubble formation by both self-impact (i.e., how trading orders affect the price dynamics) and cross-impact (i.e., the price changes in one asset caused by the trading activity on other assets). To this end, we vary across treatments the possibility of traders of diverting their capital from one asset to the other, thereby artificially changing the amount of liquidity in the market. To simulate different scenarios for the synthetic data generation, we vary along with the liquidity the type of trading strategies of our artificial traders. Our results suggest that an increase in liquidity increases the cross-impact, especially when agents are market-neutral. Self-impact, however, remains significant and constant for all model specifications.
Span of Control and Ethical Leadership in Highly Professionalized Public Organizations
Authors: Jensen Didde Cramer , Hansen Ane-Kathrine Lundberg , Pedersen Lars Dahl , Andersen Lotte Bøgh
Published: December 2022

Span of control may be a critical structural condition for ethical leadership. According to social learning theory, emulation and vicarious learning processes are mechanisms through which ethical leaders enhance ethical commitment among employees. However, if the span of control (number of employees per manager) is too wide, ethical leadership can be difficult to practice due to a more distant relationship between manager and employees. Using a mixed method design with survey data and interviews, we analyze the relationship between span of control and ethical leadership among doctors in Danish hospitals. Survey results from the study show no statistical association between span of control and clinical directors’ self-reported ethical leadership. Interviews with employees and managers support this finding by showing how ethical guidance unfolds through social exchange relationships where employees can act as moral professionals. This suggests that span of control is not a critical structural condition for intending and perceiving a high level of ethical leadership. Span of control is indirectly relevant through the perceived distance between manager and employees. The findings thus enhance our understanding of how ethical leadership takes place in complex, professionalized public organizations. This might inspire managers to lower the organizational power distance and promote professionalism.
Therapeutic Approaches to Remorse in Sentencing Recommendations: A Qualitative Study of Probation Officers
Authors: Berryessa Colleen M.
Published: December 2022

Stemming from interviews with 151 probation officers in the United States, this study produces a qualitative model that illuminates the extent to and ways in which probation officers draw from principles of Therapeutic Jurisprudence to consider remorse as evidence of a client’s potential for rehabilitation (remorse shows “therapeutic guilt” through which an individual being sentenced acknowledges wrongdoings, takes responsibility, and shows behavioral changes) and reconciliation (remorse is a device for “rebalancing power” by shifting responsibility for bad acts away from victims and community, as well as allows the individual being sentenced to seek and receive forgiveness via apologies and “payback”) during sentencing. Correspondingly, the model further suggests how these officers use their therapeutic views of remorse to inform their presentencing recommendations for sentencing plans that prioritize community reintegration. Finally, this article discusses the model’s implications and the potential adoption of Therapeutic Jurisprudence approaches in sentencing.
Homelessness and Contact with the Criminal Legal System among U.S. Combat Veterans: An Exploration of Potential Mediating Factors
Authors: Orak Ugur , Kelton Katherine , Vaughn Michael G. , Tsai Jack , Pietrzak Robert H.
Published: December 2022

A notable proportion of criminal legal system (CLS)-involved combat veterans have a history of homelessness. However, knowledge regarding the relationship between homelessness and CLS involvement among combat veterans is largely based on descriptive studies, and potential mechanisms linking homelessness to CLS involvement are largely unknown. Using data from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study ( n = 1,353), this study examined the association between homelessness and contact with CLS among U.S. combat veterans and evaluated the mediating roles of shared risk factors. Findings revealed that a large proportion (53.6%) of the association between homelessness and CLS involvement was accounted for by indirect associations, most notably via drug use disorder (22.1%), moral injury (11.4%), and alcohol use disorder (10.7%). These findings highlight modifiable mechanisms that may link homelessness to CLS involvement, which may help inform targeted prevention efforts to mitigate the risk for CLS involvement among combat veterans.
Understanding Plea Bargaining in a New Progressive DA’s Office: How Line Prosecutors Understand and Implement Progressive Goals Through Plea Decisions
Authors: Grodensky Catherine A. , Crozier William E. , Gifford Elizabeth J. , Garrett Brandon L.
Published: December 2022

Plea deals resolve the vast majority of prosecuted criminal cases in the U.S. legal system. Prosecutors hold disproportionate power in plea bargaining and have been blamed for driving punitiveness and racial disparities. Progressive prosecutors aim to reverse these trends, but little is known about how they will alter plea practices. We conducted qualitative interviews with all the assistant district attorneys (ADAs, N = 19) in a mid-sized office with a newly elected progressive DA. Interviews discussed how ADAs implemented office policies and progressive goals in plea bargaining. Prosecutors described working to implement five main progressive goals in their plea decisions: (a) dismissing low-level drug possession charges; (b) avoiding over-penalization, particularly for “victimless” crimes; (c) declining to prosecute weak cases; (d) encouraging open communication with defense; and (e) promoting racial equity. Prosecutors’ descriptions of how these goals guided case decisions illuminate how progressive prosecution may affect the criminal justice system through plea bargaining.
Gender in the Courtroom Workgroup: Understanding the Relationship Between the Composition of Workgroups and the Gender Gap in Punishment
Authors: Bowman Rachel , Oramas Mora Daniela , Mitchell Ojmarrh , Spohn Cassia
Published: December 2022

For decades, research has revealed a gender disparity in criminal case outcomes. This phenomenon was traditionally explained as a product of male court actors’ protectiveness of women and the minimization of female threat. In the current study, we capitalize on the increasing gender diversity of courts to examine if the gender gap in punishment is explained by the gender composition of the decision-making body in criminal courts: the courtroom workgroup. Using a sample of felony cases from Florida’s circuit courts in 2017 ( N = 10,605), we measure workgroups as judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys assigned to the same division. We find that the gender diversity of the workgroup does not explain variations in court outcomes, nor does it explain the presence of gender disparities we observed in all but one of our case outcomes. As such, male protectionism is insufficient to explain the more lenient treatment of women in Florida’s criminal courts.
Sequestered, Iatrogenic Epidermoid Implantation Cysts Associated With Retroauricular (Wilde’s) Incision
Authors: Dutta Mainak , Kadambott Sharafali , Kar Sutarthi , Arbaz Mirza , Seth Chandan
Published: December 2022

Objective

To report two patients with iatrogenic, epidermoid implantation cysts associated with the standard retroauricular (Wilde’s) incision, to establish their etiology, to explore means to prevent them, and to ensure that this experience adds to the learning curve of the surgical training of the residents.

Methods

Case series with the review of literature.

Results

One of the two patients, who had an unremarkable follow-up period after cortical mastoidectomy and cartilage tympanoplasty performed three years back, presented with a retroauricular cystic swelling visible since two months. It was hyperintense on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. A sequestered cystic mass was encountered at surgery in the subcutaneous plane in association with the retroauricular scar tissue from previous surgery. In the other patient, two similar cysts (one of them sequestered) were incidental findings at revision tympanomastoid surgery. Histopathology in both instances was consistent with epidermoid cyst. Given their subcuticular location and intimate association with a pre-existing surgical scar, they were considered to be of implantation in origin. This was a potential outcome of persistent inversion of one or both skin edges following simple interrupted suturing. The reason could be a faulty surgical technique, due to improper placement of the needle with respect to skin, inadequate or uneven tissue bite, a tight knot, or failure to manually evert the apposing edges at the point(s) of suspicion.

Conclusions

Sequestered epidermoid implantation cysts due to persistent inversion of sutured skin edges are unusual complications. The illustrations in this case series emphasize the need to adhere to the basic principles of surgical practice. They provide a caveat to the resident surgeons and the faculties who supervise them, that inadvertent and apparently innocuous misses, even at the elementary steps of surgery (like suturing), could lead to complications that are unwanted and potentially avoidable.
Dissociation as Dislocation From Violence
Authors: Logan Jenny , McGinley Mallaigh
Published: December 2022

Those of us with embodied experiences of gender diversity and sexually assault have and continue to be subject to psychiatric diagnosis and categorization that pathologize our acts of dissociation within a medical framework. In this paper we adopt Barad, Karen. 2007. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham and London: Duke University Press new materialist ontology of agential realism to argue that agentially cutting psychiatric discourse on dissociative symptoms could materialize new realities for embodied people which have been excluded to the psychiatric realm of abjection via gender diversity and sexual assault. Specifically, we explore how approaching dissociative symptoms not as dysfunction but as forms of agential dislocation from hegemonic norms of race and gender could open new political horizons by naming relations of dominance.
A multi-case study of accelerated trajectories of science talent development: Matthew effects re-examined
Authors: Dai David Yun , Li Xian
Published: December 2022

Matthew effect (“the rich get richer”) has been a research topic for decades. It refers to a cumulative advantage, social or individual, in talent development as well as performance or productivity, typically unfolding longitudinally. The present study builds on a previous qualitative study as an attempt to fully understand developmental underpinnings of an accelerated science career, with a focus on developmental changes as potential explanations for the observed Matthew effects. In contrast to traditional theoretical explanations that resort to either social or individual advantages, the present study, in light of Evolving Complexity Theory (ECT), uncovered developmental changes as potentially responsible for a distinct accelerated career trajectory and the apparently unfolding Matthew effects. Implications of the findings in terms of understanding the role of evolving individuality for talent development are discussed.
Time for a Measurement Check-Up: Testing the Couple’s Satisfaction Index and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Using Structural Equation Modeling and Item Response Theory
Authors: Quinn-Nilas Christopher
Published: December 2022

Relationship and sexual satisfaction are two central outcomes in the study of relationships and are commonly used in both academia and applied practice. However, relationship and sexual satisfaction measures infrequently undergo specific psychometric investigation. Ensuring that measures display strong psychometric performance is an important but under-tested element of replication that has come under more scrutiny lately, and adequate measurement of constructs is an important auxiliary assumption underpinning theory-testing empirical work. A measurement check-up was conducted, including Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test factorial validity, measurement invariance to test for group comparability, and Item Response Theory (IRT) to assess the relationship between latent traits and their items/indicators. This format was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Couple’s Satisfaction Index (CSI) and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction (GMSEX), two commonly used scales of relationship and sexual satisfaction with a sample of 640 midlife (40–59 years old) married Canadians who were recruited by Qualtrics Panels. Results of CFA suggested that both models were satisfactory. Invariance testing provided robust support for intercept invariance across all the groupings tested. IRT analysis supported the CSI and GMSEX, however, there was evidence that the GMSEX provided somewhat less information for those high on sexual satisfaction. This measurement check-up found that the CSI and GMSEX were reasonably healthy with some caveats. Implications are discussed in terms of replicability and meaning for scholars and practitioners.
Decision Curve Analysis for Personalized Treatment Choice between Multiple Options
Authors: Chalkou Konstantina , Vickers Andrew J. , Pellegrini Fabio , Manca Andrea , Salanti Georgia
Published: December 2022

Background

Decision curve analysis can be used to determine whether a personalized model for treatment benefit would lead to better clinical decisions. Decision curve analysis methods have been described to estimate treatment benefit using data from a single randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

Our main objective is to extend the decision curve analysis methodology to the scenario in which several treatment options exist and evidence about their effects comes from a set of trials, synthesized using network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods

We describe the steps needed to estimate the net benefit of a prediction model using evidence from studies synthesized in an NMA. We show how to compare personalized versus one-size-fit-all treatment decision-making strategies, such as “treat none” or “treat all patients with a specific treatment” strategies. First, threshold values for each included treatment need to be defined (i.e., the minimum risk difference compared with control that renders a treatment worth taking). The net benefit per strategy can then be plotted for a plausible range of threshold values to reveal the most clinically useful strategy. We applied our methodology to an NMA prediction model for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, which can be used to choose between natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, and placebo.

Results

We illustrated the extended decision curve analysis methodology using several threshold value combinations for each available treatment. For the examined threshold values, the “treat patients according to the prediction model” strategy performs either better than or close to the one-size-fit-all treatment strategies. However, even small differences may be important in clinical decision making. As the advantage of the personalized model was not consistent across all thresholds, improving the existing model (by including, for example, predictors that will increase discrimination) is needed before advocating its clinical usefulness.

Conclusions

This novel extension of decision curve analysis can be applied to NMA-based prediction models to evaluate their use to aid treatment decision making.

Highlights

Decision curve analysis is extended into a (network) meta-analysis framework. Personalized models predicting treatment benefit are evaluated when several treatment options are available and evidence about their effects comes from a set of trials. Detailed steps to compare personalized versus one-size-fit-all treatment decision-making strategies are outlined. This extension of decision curve analysis can be applied to (network) meta-analysis–based prediction models to evaluate their use to aid treatment decision making.
Using Classroom-Run Virtual Startup Incubator to Facilitate Experiential Learning Experiences and Global Marketing Alliances
Authors: Oyedele Adesegun , Goenner Emily , Alba Aguilar Maria Guadalupe , Scarlett Robert H.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to fill the gaps in the literature in terms of understanding how marketing and international entrepreneurship educators have responded to the impact of the pandemic on experiential learning pedagogy in developing countries. To address these gaps in the literature, this article conceptualizes a Classroom-run Virtual Startup Incubator (CVSI) program as a virtual learning space for seamless collaboration, networking and relationship building among multiple stakeholders across borders to inspire students to create startups and marketing alliances in marginalized communities. This article extends the KNOW-DO-BE model to include the OPERATE dimension to encourage innovation, experimentation, failure, and collaboration opportunities among the participants on the CVSI platform. Also, the study shows that relational/network approaches such as the resource dependence theory are important lenses for understanding participants’ experiences on the CVSI platform. These theoretical contributions are based on the analysis of the qualitative case studies gathered from the experiential learning experiences of students and mentors who participated in the CVSI program.
Radiomics-based machine learning models for prediction of medulloblastoma subgroups: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic test performance
Authors: Karabacak Mert , Ozkara Burak Berksu , Ozturk Admir , Kaya Busra , Cirak Zeynep , Orak Ece , Ozcan Zeynep
Published: December 2022

Background

Medulloblastomas are a major cause of cancer-related mortality in the pediatric population. Four molecular groups have been identified, and these molecular groups drive risk stratification, prognostic modeling, and the development of novel treatment modalities. It has been demonstrated that radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models are effective at predicting the diagnosis, molecular class, and grades of CNS tumors.

Purpose

To assess radiomics-based ML models’ diagnostic performance in predicting medulloblastoma subgroups and the methodological quality of the studies.

Material and Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed; the last search was conducted on 1 May 2022. Studies that predicted all four medulloblastoma subgroups in patients with histopathologically confirmed medulloblastoma and reporting area under the curve (AUC) values were included in the study. The quality assessments were conducted according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) and Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM). A meta-analysis of radiomics-based ML studies’ diagnostic performance for the preoperative evaluation of medulloblastoma subgrouping was performed.

Results

Five studies were included in this meta-analysis. Regarding patient selection, two studies indicated an unclear risk of bias according to the QUADAS-2. The five studies had an average CLAIM score and compliance score of 23.2 and 0.57, respectively. The meta-analysis showed pooled AUCs of 0.88, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.88 for WNT, SHH, group 3, and group 4 for classification, respectively.

Conclusion

Radiomics-based ML studies have good classification performance in predicting medulloblastoma subgroups, with AUCs >0.80 in every subgroup. To be applied to clinical practice, they need methodological quality improvement and stability.
Assessing the research and teaching performance of the mechanical engineering teaching staff at FEUP
Authors: Lopes António M , da Silva Lucas FM
Published: December 2022

This paper analyses the research and teaching performance of the teaching staff of the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP). Performance in the two strands of professional activity is measured by the number of publications authored by the individuals and their impact on the scientific community, and by the marks receive from the students through pedagogic questionnaires (PQs). The teaching staff includes all permanent elements involved in MIEM curricular units (CU), with the exception of those teaching just the CU Dissertation. The set has 74 professionals, with 62 from the Department of Mechanical Engineering. The staff bibliographic data are public and were collected from the Scopus database at the end of September, 2021. The PQs data are classified and were provided to the cycle of studies Board by FEUP” Sigarra administrative office. Data for all CUs were considered, with the exception of Dissertation, in a per semester basis, for the period 2016–2017 up to 2020–2021. The methodology consists of (i) processing and analyzing, separately, the datasets collected from Scopus and Sigarra to obtain statistical figures characterizing both areas of activity, and (ii) testing the research and teaching information to find out whether or not those data are correlated. The results show that the MIEM teaching staff has good publication rating, with (i) group h-index 117, (ii) 4 publications per capita in 2020, (iii) 23% owing more than 100 and 9% more than 200 works published, (iv) 22% having more than 1500 and 11% more than 3000 citations, and (iv) 19% holding h-index greater than 24 and 7% greater than 40. However, the distributions of research indicators are uneven, with (i) 50% of the staff contributing merely with 10% of the publications, (ii) 41% having less than 300 citations, and (iii) 43% holding h-index below 10. With respect to teaching, the MIEM staff is highly appreciated by the students. The average score over the period 2016–2020 is close to 5.3 points out of 7, with 19% receiving more than 6.0 and 51% more than 5.3. The scores are evenly distributed, with just 4% individuals rated below 4.0. Finally, it was found that the research and teaching data are not correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient less than 0.1), which strengthens the idea that all elements of the teaching staff can potentially be good on both components of activity, possibly, just needing appropriate stimuli and recognition.
Teaching ceramic materials in mechanical engineering: An active learning experience
Authors: Lino Alves Jorge , Duarte Teresa
Published: December 2022

Teaching in higher education is a very demanding task, as students have easy access to information through a computer or mobile device, and nothing seems to surprise them. One of the main concerns of Mechanical Engineering professors is the transmission of the best general competencies and scientific knowledge, and the development of skills that will be very useful in their future professional life in a global employment market. In this way, teachers must continually innovate to motivate students and catch their attention, adopting new teaching methodologies, such as active learning. The main objectives of this teaching methodology are: to provide advanced knowledge in engineering; resolve of engineering problems; experimentation and knowledge discovering and, improvement of soft skills. This paper describes a project entitled “Production of a ceramic component,” included in the Curricular Unit of Non-Metallic Materials, proposed to the students of the third year, the first semester of a Mechanical Engineering course. Each group is assigned a ceramic component and is asked to research and prepare an oral presentation and a poster where they describe all the stages of the manufacturing process. They must consider component requirements, and the scientific and technical details of its production from materials selection to its sale. To carry out this assignment, students must review their basic knowledge of materials science, technical drawing, and materials and manufacture of ceramic components (subjects previously taught in different courses), and search in databases of material properties. Although this assignment is very challenging and time-consuming, students report in informal conversations promoted by teachers that they enjoy it and feel very motivated. They consider that this type of work better prepares them for their future professional life, by improving their soft skills.
Enhancing active learning in remote collaboration: An experience in teaching functional materials
Authors: Marinelli Andrea , Papile Flavia , Sossini Lia , Del Curto Barbara
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 deeply changed traditional teaching, forcing the adoption of emergency remote teaching (ERT). ERT provided flexibility to teaching/learning activities (TLAs) yet affecting face-to-face communication and sociality. In this work, we present specific constructive alignment for an ERT/extended classroom course at Politecnico di Milano, as well as the tools involved. Two tutorials introduced the learners to the final essay, encouraged collaborative discussion, and promoted self-learning. The final essay, to be done individually or by joining a group, was part of the evaluation alongside a written exam. An evaluation rubric was shared when launching the topics of the essay, and setting the evaluation criteria. Results show how almost half of the essays were delivered by learners working alone, despite the attempts to promote collaborative interaction. Additionally, synchronous class attendance was only 55%, attributed to the availability of recordings and slides. Among the unattended results, the learners positively perceived TLAs and generated new collective knowledge, which was shared on the research group's Instagram profile.
Design of an open-lab activity for engineering students: A case study
Authors: Persano Adorno D , Scardulla F , D’Acquisto L , Pizzolato N
Published: December 2022

Project- or discovery-based learning activities promote curiosity, enjoyment, and interest deriving from the stimulating context in which students operate. Providing a concrete contextualization of laboratory activities could improve student motivation and learning outcomes. In this contribution, a case study related to a workshop on laboratory activities proposed for Engineering Master students is presented, and designed with the aim of developing practical competencies, increasing problem-solving skills, and providing design abilities. Using the facilities available in the Measurements and Control Laboratory, the students, starting from concept knowledge acquired in basic subjects, such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Electronics, design and implement their experiments, gaining a deeper understanding of core disciplinary concepts while strengthening soft and teamwork skills. The challenges and possibilities of these self-directed thinking and learning laboratory activities are also discussed.
Characteristics of breastfeeding by adoptive mothers: Description of the phenomenon in Poland and worldwide
Authors: Anuszkiewicz Natalia Róża , Sztyber Beata , Baranowska Barbara
Published: December 2022

The breastfeeding of adopted children is a rare phenomenon but one that deserves attention because of its potential benefits. The aim of this study was to gather information on the breastfeeding of adopted children in Poland and in other high-income countries and to identify its determinants. Milk banks, adoption centres and forums for breastfeeding mothers were surveyed. The research revealed a high level of interest in the issue among adoptive mothers and a simultaneous lack of information on the part of the employees of adoption centres and milk banks. The study concluded that: (1) adoptive mothers are interested in breastfeeding their adoptive children. They should therefore be equipped with the relevant knowledge and tools to enable them to try to breastfeed; (2) the prevalence of adoptive breastfeeding is similar in Poland and worldwide, but in other developed countries the necessary information is more widely available; (3) milk banks in Poland and around the world do not include adopted children among their beneficiaries; and (4) the idea of adoptive breastfeeding is not promoted by Polish adoption centres, so it is essential to start popularising it.
INA’s Model of Communal Harmony: A Way Forward Among Communal Tensions in India
Authors: Wani Gh Hassan
Published: December 2022

India, despite being a small world with different cultures, religions, races and languages, has been living on the ideal of unity in diversity. This unity in diversity works on the twin principles; unity and harmony. India’s harmonious sociocultural edifice rests on some basic pillars; communal harmony, composite culture, syncretism, non-violence, common brotherhood, morality and social values, whose cementing materials are mutual trust, accommodation, adaptation, toleration, fraternity, mutual respect and progressive thought. These elements of Indian society form the base of the Indian nation and have always made India a living entity. The harmony and unity in diversity, now an international hallmark of India, has helped the country to keep up its vibrant journey and face all the odds coming with time and space. It was this unity and harmony that liberated India from colonial rule and it must be so to free India from all evils. India’s first army of liberation, Azad Hind Fauj, although primarily a revolutionary army formed to liberate India through armed revolution, was also an embodiment of unity and harmony. During its course, INA has also developed some models of unity and communal harmony which are always relevant to India, owing to their compatibility to the basic elements and tenets of Indian society. This piece of research presented here will focus on INA’s model of communal harmony vis-à-vis its relevance to contemporary and future India.
Body Size and Well-being in Adolescents: The Roles of Bullying Victimization and Body Image
Authors: Ridgeway Sadie O.
Published: December 2022

This research investigates the association between body size and key indicators of well-being for adolescents (i.e., self-rated health, mental health, and life satisfaction), and simultaneously tests two social mechanisms that may explain these relationships: stigma enacted as bullying victimization and body image, representing the “outside” and “inside” views of the body, respectively. This study tested these relationships using the United States Health Behaviors in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2009/2010 data set ( N = 12,210). Results demonstrated that larger body size is associated with reduced well-being on all the indicators studied as well as higher levels of bullying victimization and worse body image. However, body image predominantly mediates the relationship between body size and well-being. The study broadens the empirical base on whether body size is linked to well-being for adolescents, clarifies the role of two important social mechanisms, and indicates that body image is critical to understanding the effects of body size.
Motherhood and Mentoring Networks: The Unequal Impact of Overwork on Women’s Workplace Mentoring Networks
Authors: Shin Hwajin , Kim Soohan
Published: December 2022

Using longitudinal data on 1,711 female managers in South Korean firms, this study examines how time, culture, and workplace structure affect women’s mentoring networks. Our analyses demonstrate that women with fewer time constraints and who work longer hours are more likely to have a male mentor. However, when motherhood status is considered, work hours and time constraints are not significant predictors of having a mentor for mothers. Rather, organizational flexibility and work-life policies influence whether mothers have mentors, but those mothers who work long hours and display minimal domestic commitments benefit the most from the availability of flexibility. Findings suggest that long work hours and time constraints affect women’s marginalization in workplace relationships, and corporate practices mitigating work hour expectations can alleviate this impact for women with children.
Making a Bad Situation Worse: Examining the Challenges Facing Rural Home Care Workers
Authors: Kallas John , Sterling Madeline R. , Ajayi Olay , Mulroy Ethan , Kuo Elizabeth , Ming Joy , Dell Nicola , Avgar Ariel C.
Published: December 2022

This study examines the unique challenges facing rural home care workers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken between July 2021 and February 2022 with 23 participants that have experience in rural home care delivery. The major challenge confronting rural home care workers involved distance and transportation. This challenge emerged due to long distance between clients, unreliable vehicles, inadequate reimbursement, and inclement weather. In turn, this challenge exacerbated three other types of challenges facing rural home care workers: workforce challenges that consisted of a persistent labor shortage and shorter visits that forced workers to rush through tasks, client isolation due to the social and physical seclusion of households, and the poor working conditions of home care work more broadly. Without policy interventions that respond to these particular challenges, the care gap in rural areas can be expected to grow.
“Girls May Bleed Through Pads Because of Demerits”: Adolescent Girls’ Experiences With Menstruation and School Bathrooms in the U.S.A.
Authors: Schmitt Margaret L. , Hagstrom Christine , Gruer Caitlin , Nowara Azure , Keeley Katie , Adenu-Mensah Nana Ekua , Sommer Marni
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to better understand the role of school bathrooms in shaping the menstrual experiences of adolescents in the U.S.A. The participants were Black and Latina, low-income adolescent girls (15–19) and adults interacting closely with youth in three U.S.A. cities (Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City). Data collection methods included: (1) Participatory Methodologies (PM) sessions with adolescent girls ( n = 73); (2) In-depth interviews (IDI) with adolescent girls ( n = 12); and (3) Key Informant Interviews (KII) with adults ( n = 23). Malterud’s “systematic text condensation,” an inductive thematic analysis method, was utilized to analyze the various data types (field notes, in-depth interviews, drawings). Key findings include, one, that menstruating girls experience embarrassment and a need for secrecy when accessing school bathrooms; two, the social and physical environments of school bathrooms, including poor design and maintenance, heighten girls’ discomfort, especially while menstruating; and three, school policies restricting students’ bathroom access are problematic for many menstruating students, especially those experiencing heavy and/or unpredictable bleeding. Schools and policymakers need to consider holistic approaches when addressing the menstrual needs of adolescents in U.S.A. schools, including better prioritizing issues related to menstrual stigma, school bathroom design and bathroom access policies.
Exploring Late Adolescents’ Experiences with Career-Related Messages on Entertainment TV and in Social Media in Belgium: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Vranken Ilse , Vandenbosch Laura
Published: December 2022

Media is an important socialization actor through which adolescents can learn about careers. Nine focus group interviews were conducted with 44 late adolescents ( Mage = 16.27; SDage= 0.54; 56.82% female) in high schools in Belgium to explore how youth in this age group receive career-related messages, the work tasks, skills, values, and ethics that are cultivated, and the ways adolescents experience and judge the perceived realism of career-related messages received via entertainment TV/social media. A combined inductive and deductive thematic analysis of the data revealed various pathways through which adolescents intentionally and unintentionally received career-related messages. Moreover, the adolescents had been cultivated to value specific work tasks/skills (e.g., social skills) and intrinsic and extrinsic work values and work ethics (e.g., working hard to succeed, centrality of work) when consuming career-related messages through TV/social media. Lastly, the perceived realism of such messages depended on content elements (e.g., a balanced portrayal of work values). Differences related to career-related messages on social media versus entertainment TV were observed. Practical implications for various groups (e.g., career counselors, media content producers) are discussed.
Pneumoencephalographic Changes in Kluver-Bucy Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Patrick Donald W. , Bramwit David N.
Published: December 2022

A case demonstrating, by pneumonen-cephalography, the correlation between the clinical Kluver-Bucy syndrome and hydrocephalus ex vacuo of the temporal horns is reported.
Effect of antimicrobial peptide conjugated surgical sutures on multiple drug-resistant microorganisms
Authors: Pulat Günnur , Muganlı Zülal , Ercan Utku Kürşat , Karaman Ozan
Published: December 2022

Surgical site infections are commonly encountered as a risk factor in clinics that increase the morbidity of a patient after a surgical operation. Surgical sutures are one of the leading factor for the formation of surgical site infections that induce bacterial colonization by their broad surface area. Current strategies to overcome with surgical site infections consist utilization of antibiotic agent coatings such as triclosan. However, the significant increase in antibiotic resistance majorly decreases their efficiency against recalcitrant pathogens such as; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the development of a multi drug-resistant antimicrobial suture without any cytotoxic effect to combat surgical site infections is vital. Antimicrobial peptides are the first defense line which has a broad range of spectrum against Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria and even viruses. In addition, antimicrobial peptides have a rapid killing mechanism which is enhanced by membrane disruption and inhibition of functional proteins in pathogens without the development of antimicrobial resistance. In the scope of the current study, the antimicrobial effect of antimicrobial peptide conjugated poly (glycolic acid-co-caprolactone) (PGCL) sutures were investigated against P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains by using antimicrobial peptide sequences of KRFRIRVRV-NH2, RWRWRWRW-NH2 and their dual combination (1:1). In addition, in vitro wound scratch assays were performed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial peptide conjugated sutures on keratinocyte cell lines. Our results indicated that antimicrobial peptide modified sutures could be a potential novel medical device to overcome surgical site infections by the superior acceleration of wound healing.
The Relationship Between Microfinance Mission Drift and Financial Returns to Stakeholders
Authors: Serrano-Cinca Carlos , Fuertes-Callén Yolanda , Cuéllar-Fernández Beatriz
Published: December 2022

Some microfinance institutions (MFIs) can drift from their social mission, generating well-studied effects for their borrowers. We focus on the lesser-known effect of mission drift on the financial return to other stakeholders (employees, government, micro-savers, and banking creditors). Using a sample of 534 MFIs, we calculated the economic value distributed by the MFI to these stakeholders by considering salaries, taxes, and interest paid. We found a negative relationship between average loan size and return to employees (RTE), government, and banking creditors, and a positive relationship between women borrowers and RTE and government. This is explained by the fact that mission-focused MFIs are usually small, labor-intensive institutions with a stable business model. We found a positive relationship between average loan size and return to micro-savers, and a negative relationship between women borrowers and return to micro-savers. The reason is that many mission-focused MFIs do not offer micro-savings, undermining financial inclusion.
The Emergence and Evolution of Digital Social Ventures in Dublin, Ireland
Authors: Cannon Sheila M. , Dart Raymond
Published: December 2022

Digital social ventures are initiatives that intend to transformatively engage social and environmental problems through the application of digital technology and are a new phenomenon found globally. While the broad influence and consequences of disruptive digital technology are increasingly taken for granted, very little research focuses on the deliberate use of digital technology for social purpose. This study is situated within three areas of literature: disruption caused by digital innovations, the use of digital technology by social purpose organizations, and social entrepreneurship. The process of digital social venture emergence and evolution shows how flashy-sounding technological solutions develop into more modest and incrementally useful tech-supported adjuncts. A preliminary framework for conceptualizing the nature and process of digital social ventures shows how a Schumpeterian approach to social entrepreneurship as disrupting equilibrium gives way to a Hayekian approach as drawing on local, embedded knowledge to achieve incremental change.
Transient response of pre-twisted FG-GRC sandwich conical shell subjected to low-velocity impact in thermal environment
Authors: Deb Singha Tripuresh , Bandyopadhyay Tanmoy , Karmakar Amit
Published: December 2022

A finite element method-based dynamic analysis of pre-twisted sandwich conical shell panel having functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite (FG-GRC) facings and homogenous core without or with pores under low-velocity impact in thermal environments is performed utilizing a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). In each facing, the graphene sheets are either uniformly dispersed or layer-wise functionally graded across its thickness. The extended Halpin-Tsai model is employed to estimate the temperature-dependent elastic properties of the nanocomposite facings. The contact force induced between the impactor and target panel is computed through the modified Hertzian contact law. The equations of motion of the FG-GRC sandwich conical shell panel are formulated based on Lagrange’s equation. The solutions of the resulting equations of motion are obtained employing Newmark’s time integration scheme. After verifying the consistency and accurateness of the present method, the effects of some critical parameters like graphene grading profile, temperature, core-to-facings thickness ratio, pre-twist angle, span-to-cone length ratio, impactor’s initial velocity, impactor’s size, and porosity coefficient on the impact response of the pre-twisted FG-GRC sandwich conical shell panel in uniform thermal environments are scrutinized.