bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental research of the hantavirus survival in complexes with environmental substrates
Authors: Iunikhina O. V. , Kompanets G. G.
Published: May 2022

Survival of viruses in the environment is a very important problem in epidemiology, especially for infections with indirect transmission. This work describes the results of the experimental study of adsorption and survival of the hantavirus on different environmental substrates (natural organic and inorganic sorbents). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution (5-10%) was effective in the hantavirus elution and phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) pH 7,2 was optimal for elution of specific RNA. Potential survival of the infectious hantavirus on environmental substrates was observed within up to 14 days at +4°С.
Human cytomegalovirus infection and spontaneous abortion in pregnant women of I and II trimester
Authors: Cheshik S. G. , Kisteneva L. B.
Published: May 2022

The goal of this work was the evaluation of the frequency of human CMV infection among the women, whose pregnancy ended in miscarriage, detection of active forms of infection and treatment before pregnancy. Virological and sero-immunological techniques were used. A total of 116 women who had miscarriages before the 28 week of pregnancy were submitted to the CMV test. 109 women (94.0%) demonstrated positive results. 49 women (42.2%) had active form of the cytomegalovirus infection. 13 women (26.5%) had the recurrent form and 36 patients (73.5%) had the persistent form of CMV infection (stage of productive replication). All the women with active cMVi were treated before the next pregnancy. Immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment was used.
Comparative analysis of genetic variants of the HIV-1 circulating in the Irkutsk region in 1999 and 2012
Authors: Lebedev A. V. , Neshumaev D. A. , Kazennova E. V. , Lapovok I. A. , Laga V. Yu. , Tumanov A. S. , Glushchenko N. V. , Plotnikova Yu. K. , Ponomareva O. A. , Yarygina E. I. , Bobkova M. R.
Published: May 2022

The pol and env genome regions of the HIV-1 genetic variants circulating in the irkutsk region of russia in 1999 and 2012 were compared. The results of this work showed the dominance of the HIV-1 subtype a IDU-A genetic variant (100%) in this region. No primary resistance mutations in the pol gene in the treatment-naive patients were found. The heterogeneity of the viral population was found to be significantly increased based on the pol and env analysis among HIV-variants isolated in 2012 (12.88% and 2.16%) from the intravenous drug users as compared to HIV-variants that caused the outbreak of the HIV infection in 1999 (1.64% and 0.47%). In addition, the comparison of genetic distances of the pol and env gene sequences in the viruses isolated in 2012 from the HIV-positive persons infected through heterosexual intercourse and intravenous drug use demonstrated that the transmission route influenced the variability of the virus population. Among the viruses of IDU-A variant circulating in the area in 2012 the prevalence of X4-tropic variants was 24.7%.
Nestorian-Kurdish Social Relations in the Context of Narrative Theory
Authors: TOPCU Emel , KORKMAZ Engin
Published: May 2022

This article examined the social relations of Nestorians and Kurds in the period from the 19th century to the First World War. The data used in the study were obtained through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted in Hakkari city. The data obtained from the field research were compared with the historical perspectives of Nestorian-Kurdish relations. Then, the data was analyzed in the context of the principles of narrative theory and Pierre Bourdieu's relational sociology. This study has revealed the social life practices of Nestorians and Kurds, who lived together for centuries, from the perspective of their grandchildren. Although Nestorian and Kurdish religion and language differ, their daily life, tribal formation, traditional customs and cultural lives of the two communities have been generally similar. After thorough analysis, this study indicated that Nestorian-Kurdish relations were based on friendship and neighborliness, which later deteriorated due to the influence of missionaries and foreign state officials. Nestorians and Kurds have shared a common history, culture, values, ideas and thoughts throughout history. However, with the influence of external factors, these values have been replaced and the era of disputes and conflicts had gradually evolved.
Kültürel İktidar Mücadelesinin Mekânsal Boyutu: Mekânı Siyasallaştırmak
Authors: AKÇAKAYA Nuh
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de siyasallaşmış birtakım mekânların ortaya çıkış dinamiklerini konu edinmektedir. Çalışma, son dönemlerde yaygınlaşan kültürel iktidar tartışmalarına farklı bir perspektiften bakmak için tasarlanmıştır. Daha önce yapılan çalışmaların, “kültür savaşı” şeklinde tanımlanan kültürel iktidar çekişmelerini mekânsal olarak analiz etmemiş olması, araştırmanın özgün niteliği olarak sunulabilir. Araştırmada, Cumhuriyet tarihinde temelde iki farklı kültür anlayışının birbirleriyle rekabet halinde olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bunlardan ilki, Tek Parti döneminde kurucu ideoloji ile uyum gösteren ve Batılı bir tarzı ihtiva eden modernleşmeci kültür olarak resmedilmiştir. İkincisi ise 1980’lerde ortaya çıkıp, 2000’lerden sonra etki alanı genişleyen, Yeni Osmanlıcı ideolojik çerçeve ile uyum gösteren kültür olarak tarif edilmiştir. İlk dönemlerde modernleşmeci kültür, Osmanlı kültürü ile bir çekişme halinde yerini tahkim etmeye çalışırken, son dönemlerde Yeni Osmanlıcı kültürel anlayış modernleşmeci kültürle bir çatışma yaşamıştır. Tek parti döneminde yıkılış ve çöküş sebebi olarak takdim edilen Osmanlı kültürüyle mücadele için Köy Enstitüleri, Halkevleri ve Yatılı Okullar gibi mekânlar inşa edilmiştir. Bu mekânlarda gerçekleştirilen organizasyonlar, Batı kültürünü toplumsal hayatın pek çok alanına egemen kılmak için icra edilmekteydi. 2000’lerden sonra benzer bir amaçla inşa edilen yapılar ise tek parti döneminde -görece- tahkim edilen kültürle mücadele için kurumsallaştırılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kültür merkezleri; gençlik merkezleri; bilim merkezleri; kongre, fuar, müze, sergi alanları; Millet Bahçeleri ve Kıraathaneleri gibi pek çok yapı, kökenlerini Osmanlıya isnat eden kültür anlayışını toplumsal hayata egemen kılmak için tasarlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu mekânların hem mimari yapısında hem de içinde icra edilen organizasyonlarda, Yeni Osmanlıcı imgelerin izlerini sürmek pekâlâ mümkündür.
Nusaybin Mahalle Adlarına Anlambilimsel Bir Bakış
Authors: ERKINAY TAMTAMIŞ Hadra Kübra
Published: May 2022

Yer adları; bir bölgenin tarih, coğrafya, kültür, toplumsal yapı ve daha birçok alanda bilgi birikimini barındıran kültürel bir bellektir. Yer adları diğer özel adlar gibi genellikle belirli nedenlerle verilmekte olup birçok yer adının çeşitli hikâyesi bulunmaktadır. Su, bitki, hayvan, yer bilimleri gibi fiziki nedenler ile kişi adı, tarihî olaylar, toplumsal meseleler gibi beşeri nedenler yer adlarının belirleyicisi konumunda olmakla birlikte kimi yer adlarının verilişi tesadüfi veya belirsizdir. Türkiye; coğrafi konumu, fiziki koşullarıyla yüzyıllardır medeniyetler beşiği konumunda olup birden fazla etnik yapıyı bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesi, Türkiye’deki bu renkliliğin minyatürü ve taşıyıcısı olup çok kültürlü ve çok dilli bir yapıya sahiptir. Nusaybin; tarihî dokusu, jeopolitik konumu, farklı medeniyetlere yapmış olduğu ev sahipliğiyle bölgenin en eski yerleşim yerlerinden birisidir. Bu zenginlik ve farklılıklar Nusaybin’in yer adlarına da tezahür etmiştir. Yer adları asırlar boyunca hüküm süren medeniyetlerin dil ve kültürlerine göre değişiklik göstermiş kimi zaman belirli ses değişiklikleriyle evrilmiş, bazen de hiçbir değişiklik göstermeden günümüze kadar gelmeyi başarmıştır. Bu çalışmada Mardin ilinin Nusaybin ilçesine bağlı 84 mahallenin adı anlambilimsel olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada mahalle adları fiziki ve beşeri kaynaklı olarak başlıklandırılmış; Nusaybin yer adlarının veriliş nedenleri anlambilimsel bir bakış açısıyla tasnif edilmiştir. Yer adlarının; yerin yapısı ve konumu, su kaynakları, maden ve taş, bitki, hayvan gibi doğa ve fiziksel koşullar ile kişi, millet, boy adları, duyular, din ve inanış, ekonomik faaliyetler gibi toplumsal koşullara dayandığı tespit edilmiştir. Yer adlarının kalıcılığı, uzun müddet korunabilmesi, konumunun kültürel dokusuyla ilişkili olabilmesi bölgenin tarihi, etnik kökeni, coğrafyası, dili, inanışı, ekonomisi hakkında ipuçları vermektedir. Bu minvalde Nusaybin ile birlikte yer adlarının kültürel miras olması gerekliliği pekiştirilecektir.
Explanatory factors of collective competencies in fashion design teams
Authors: Silva Luiz Henrique da , Schmitt Tatiani , Silva Francielle Molon da , Ghedine Tatiana , Tutida Alessandra Yula
Published: May 2022

This article aims to identify the explanatory factors of collective competencies in fashiondesign teams using a survey of 22 fashion designers from Santa Catarina. Exploratory factordata analysis and analysis of variance techniques were applied. The results showed fourexplanatory factors: collective spirit, interaction, cooperation, and relationship. Our findingsmade evident how relevant these factors are in the composition and formation of groups,manifesting themselves as descriptive and essential attributes for collective competencies.The synergistic combination of the factors allows the teams to develop shared actions infavor of work organization based on interactions and visions, which, although distinct, canbe shared.
El Señorío de Huehuetenango en el siglo XVI
Authors:   University of Arizona, Castillo Víctor
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo se propone conceptualizar la organización sociopolítica de los mayas de Tierras Altas en vísperas de la invasión española desde un modelo básico que permita entender las jerarquías y rangos entre asentamientos y comunidades con base en información procedente de líneas de evidencia poco exploradas en las arqueología de las Tierras Altas, como la información de las encomiendas tempranas.
Current concepts in microsurgical soft tissue reconstruction of lower extremity trauma in a single-vessel extremity
Authors: Yu Jenny L. , Tolley Philip D. , Kneib Cameron , Miller Erin A. , Crowe Christopher S.
Published: May 2022

Advancements in microsurgical techniques have allowed for the salvage of extremities that would otherwise be amputated. Despite these improvements, mangling injuries of the lower extremity with concomitant open fracture continue to present a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. These injuries are further complicated by circumstances in which a single vessel is perfusing the foot after trauma (Gustilo 3C injuries). Although the foot may remain perfused in this instance, free flap coverage of open fractures with concomitant vascular injury requires careful planning to maintain a viable foot. The surgeon must adapt surgical plans based on both preoperative and intraoperative findings. In this review, we discuss current concepts and reconstructive techniques for performing free flap reconstruction in single-vessel lower extremities.
Nutritional deficiencies following metabolic surgery
Authors: Basishvili Givi , Pryor Aurora
Published: May 2022

Nutritional deficiencies can develop into challenging problems in patients undergoing metabolic surgery for weight loss. In order to prevent the development of serious complications, effective screening algorithms and routine supplementation should be employed in the postoperative period. This paper outlines the nutritional function of different positions of the gastrointestinal tract, and common nutritional deficiencies associated with sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and duodenal switch. We present appropriate screening/supplementation protocols for each metabolic surgery, supplementation regimens when nutritional deficiencies develop, and surgical approaches to overcome nutritional deficiencies refractory to medical management.
Reflux following bariatric surgery
Authors: Rebecch Fabrizio , Ugliono Elettra , Morino Mario
Published: May 2022

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbidly obese patients. Studies investigating the relationship between bariatric surgery and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are discordant. Depending on the type of intervention, pre-existing GERD can improve, worsen, or develop “de novo” in previously unaffected patients. Therefore, a review of the literature is performed to evaluate the effects of different bariatric surgical procedures on GERD. Currently, the bariatric surgical procedures more frequently performed are laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and gastric bypass. The majority of studies examining the relationship between GERD and bariatric surgery are low quality, small, and non-randomized. Furthermore, GERD has been investigated through clinical symptoms scales or questionnaires, which often do not correlate with objective endoscopic or functional findings. Therefore, the interpretation of the results of these studies is challenging. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is considered the preferred surgical operation for bariatric patients with GERD. Despite contradictory results reported among the studies, GERD seems to be a major issue after LSG. Preliminary results on mini-gastric bypass/one anastomosis gastric bypass seem to indicate that biliary reflux might be overrated, but more long-term results are mandatory before drawing conclusions. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of extensive preoperative examinations prior to bariatric surgery, even in asymptomatic patients, and provide clear guidance regarding the indications for the bariatric surgery technique of choice according to the patient’s characteristics.
A new scoring system for operational indicators guiding leprosy monitoring and surveillance in Brazil
Authors: Anderson Fuentes Ferreira , Jorg Heukelbach , Eliana Amorim de Souza , Gabriela Soledad Márdero García , Carmelita Ribeiro Filha , José Ueleres Braga , Maria Leide Wan-Del-Rey Oliveira , Adriana da Silva dos Reis , Francesco Corona , Sebastião Alves de Sena Neto , Elaine Silva Nascimento Andrade , Thainá Isabel Bessa de Andrade , Alberto Novaes Ramos Jr
Published: May 2022

Objective: We aimed to develop a new score to facilitate and enhance the quantitative assessment of operational standard indicators guiding leprosy monitoring and surveillance, based on data from Brazilian hyperendemic regions, 2004-2019. Methods: We analyzed epidemiological and operational standard indicators of leprosy control from the database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System in Brazil’s North and Northeast regions. The so-called IntegraHans Operational Score (IHOS) was generated, integrating 10 indicators, with a final semi-quantitative score varying from 0 (worst scenario) to 1 (best scenario). We then applied the IHOS within an ecological and population-based study to assess temporal and spatial leprosy distributions from 2004 to 2019. Results: In total, 343,888 new leprosy cases were analyzed (61% of cases in the country). There was a significant temporal trend of the IHOS annual percentage change [-0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.5 to 0.0] during 2010-2019, with large cities showing a worsening trend (average annual percentage change -0.8, 95%CI: -1.1 to -0.4). After 2010, municipalities with low and medium social vulnerability, and those with medium human development and medium and high social prosperity, showed improved IHOS scores. Spatial patterns with the best IHOS scenarios were observed in the states of Rondônia, Tocantins, and Pernambuco. Conclusion: The IHOS combines different operational parameters and is an effective and simple tool to assess leprosy control programs in Brazil. The worst IHOS scores over time were identified in critical areas, such as large cities in hyperendemic areas and municipalities with lower endemicity.
VIEWING THE ISLAMIC FINANCIAL SYSTEM, ISLAMIC VIEWS AND ANSWERS ABOUT CRYPTOCURRENCY
Authors:   Ekonomi Islam, slamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Mukhoyyaroh Binta Tsulutsi
Published: May 2022

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that created due to technological advances. Its purchase transactions take advantage of technological developments that can be done online without going through a bank intermediary, enhanced with the advantages of Blockchain technology. However, cryptocurrency investments have a high risk on their profit and loss value. It isn’t enough to get there, cryptocurrencies also still don’t get the legality in Indonesia. This discussion aims to get clarity on cryptocurrency investments and transactions, also get answers to cryptocurrency law according to Islamic sharia. Based on qualitative descriptions and review of literature studies. The result of this study is that the Islamic financial system provides a view on cryptocurrency investments and transactions with a clear and sourced law from the Qur'an, As-Sunnah, and the results of the cleric' ijtihad. Based on Islamic sharia, investments and transactions used by cryptocurrencies contain elements of maysir (betting) and gharar (uncertainty) because they risk investment goods with unclear value of assets and their real form. The conclusion of this study is that users of cryptocurrencies are justified haram lighairihi as well as syubhat for those who still have doubts. Keywords : Cryptocurrency, Islamic sharia.
POTENTION OF TANIN ENCAPSULATED DEXTRAN-MODIFIED-LIPOSOME AS PREVENTIVE AGENT OF DENTAL CARIES: A REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Salsabila Zavia Putri ,   Department of Medicine, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sugianto Violetta Meitrie , Mudzkiroh Fathiyatul ,   Department of Medicine, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Background: Caries is one of the most common diseases and affects people in the world. It is estimated that about 3.58 billion people in the world suffer from caries. The prevalence of the population with cavities / sick / damaged teeth in Indonesia in 2018 reached 45.3%. Caries is tooth enamel damage due to dysbiosis microbiome in the oral cavity. Caries is caused by the presence of Streptococcus mutans bacteria which form biofilm / plaque. The biofilm can reduce the remineralization ability of the teeth that tooth decay can occur. Until now, there is no preventive action that can prevent caries formation to the maximum. This article is designed to determine the potential of dextran-modified-liposome encapsulation against tannin as a preventive measure for dental caries. Methods: This article was created by searching multiple databases with the keywords caries, liposome, tannin, and dextran. Result: One of the preventive measures against dental caries is using tannin compounds. The main function of tannin is to significantly reduce the attachment of bacteria and form glucans to enamel, and bind to proteins in the mouth to inhibit bacterial metabolism. However, tannin have a disadvantage that bitter taste and easily bind to other macromolecules such as enzymes in the mouth. These deficiencies can be overcome by using liposome encapsulation. To increase the effectiveness of tannins in the process of targeting and preventing biofilms, liposome encapsulation was modified using dextrans. Dextrans can play a role in inhibiting sucrose dependent biofilms to prevent biofilms formation. Conclusion: Dextran-modified-liposome encapsulation against tannin has the potential to be an effective preventive measure against the development of dental caries. Keywords: Caries, liposome, tannin, dextran
INNOVATION OF BIODEGRADABLE MEMBRANE NANOFILTER MASK BASED ON CELLULOSE EMPTY PALM OIL BUNCHES AS A FUTURE MASK
Authors:   Department of Agroindustrial Technology, University of Jember Jember, Indonesia, Baladraf Thabed Tholib
Published: May 2022

Background: Covid-19 has become a public health emergency of international concern that is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Prevention is a very important things to maintain public health, one of which is by using masks. This raises new problems related to mask waste which is non-biodegradable. There needs to be a solution in the form of environmentally friendly masks that are easily biodegradable, one of which is by utilizing the cellulose content in empty palm oil bunches. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making environmentally friendly masks from empty oil palm fruit bunches, to determine the thickness and biodegradation results of masks. Method: The method used in this research is experimental. In this study, the manufacture of nanofilters, thickness testing, and biodegradation tests were carried out. The process of making environmentally friendly masks from oil palm empty fruit bunches goes through four main stages, namely extraction of cellulose from the waste of oil palm empty fruit bunches, synthesis of cellulose acetate, manufacture of biodegradable nanofilter membranes, and finishing. Result: The results showed that the masks had a thickness of 0.79-0.97 mm and the results of biodegradation tests showed 2.7-7.03% results. These results show a very good indication that it has the potential to be used as an air mask that is feasible to use and environmentally friendly because it is easily biodegradable. Conclusion: The process of making environmentally friendly masks from oil palm empty fruit bunches goes through four main stages, namely extraction of cellulose from the waste of oil palm empty fruit bunches, synthesis of cellulose acetate, manufacture of biodegradable nanofilter membranes, and finishing. Thickness test results yield 0.79-0.97 mm and biodegradation test results show 2.7-7.03% results. Keywords: Biodegradation, Mask, Palm Oil Bunches
ACTIVE AND INTELLIGENT PACKAGING BASED ON CHITOSAN AND ANTOCYANIN FROM THE EXTRACT OF ROSELLA FLOWER (Hibiscus sabdariffa) WITH THE ADDITION OF CITRONELLA ESSENTIAL OIL (Cymbopogon citrratus)
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Baya Guntur Martha , Putri Nelvira Yolanda ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Kamaliya Lutfiyah Nur ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Background: The development in various industrial sectors in Indonesia is not far from the development of advanced materials in food packaging applications. In terms of material, 44% of the circulating packaging is in flexible form, 14% is rigid plastic packaging, and 28% is paperboard packaging. The food in packaging has expired or has decayed before expiration date due to contact with other compounds. Currently, a system has been developed forthe development of materials for food packaging so as to increase the safetyand shelf life of food ingredients which is commonly referred to as intelligentand active packaging. Method: This active and intelligent packaging system will utilize biopolymer compounds combined withdyes in pH-sensitive edible film preparations so they are be able to show color changes when there is a change in pH. The author uses the method of studying literature in national and international journals whose validity is verified to examine the use of chitosan biopolymer from shrimp shells with the addition of anthocyanin compounds from Rosella flowers as colorindicators and lemongrass as an antioxidant that will extend the shelf life of food. Result: Based on the results the authors can conclude that this active and intelligent packaging innovation has goodpotential as an indicator to determine freshness and prolong shelf life of fresh food products. The incorporation of Rosella flower extract in the film can increase the value of light transmission, opacity, water content, and sensitivity to pH. Meanwhile, the incorporation of essential oils significantlyincreases the elongation and opacity values and produces a smoother film surface. The hydrophobic nature of essential oils can reduce value of water content in the film. Conclusion: Authors hope that the Intelligent Packaging based on chitosan and anthocyanin from Rosella flower extract with the addition of essential oils can be applied further. Keyword: anthocyanin, chitosan, essential oil, intelligent packaging, rosella
CAMP : Conversion of Medical Mask Waste with the Addition of HDPE Plastic into Bio-Oil Using the Co-pyrolysis Method
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Baya Guntur Martha , Noviaryanti Fanisa ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Rohila Ilya Marsya ,   Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

The process of processing crude oil requires a furnace that serves as a "cooking" crude oil to a set temperature point which will then be processed further with other devices. The heating process by furnaces needs to be considered four variables, namely temperature, pressure, flow, and fluid level. To support these variables, parameters are needed that support in fulfilling the crude oil heating process. Inefficient operation of furnaces becomes the most important thing in the use of large energy. Increased efficiency is the best option so that energy use can be minimized. This research aims to find out the optimization of furnace debutanizer reboiler by using system dynamics method. The data needed in the study are supporting parameters such as excess water, fuel flow, fuel pressure, fuel temperature, and fuel gas temperature. The data is known to be related to each other and reciprocity by using the help of causal loop diagrams. If the concept has been in accordance with the causal loop diagram that has been created then perform the implementation on the flow diagram. To run simulations with system dynamics methods, equation mathematics is required. The output of the system dynamics simulation is a graph to perform the analysis. The results of this study found that fuel needs increase by 500 kg for one month. The increase was caused by excess water levels reaching 1.5%. While excess water is caused by the loss of oxygen levels in the furnace during the heating process by 0.33%. Therefore, the percentage of furnace optimization does not reach the maximum limit of 87.35%. In order for furnace optimization to be within the optimum limit, there needs to be a hold of oxygen levels in the furnace. By holding oxygen levels, the temperature in the furnace is stable. Keywords: System Dynamics, Simulation, Optimization
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Zoonotic Arbovirus Transmission in Northeastern Florida Using Sentinel Chicken Surveillance and Earth Observation Data
Authors: Campbell Lindsay P. , Guralnick Robert P. , Giordano Bryan V. , Sallam Mohamed F. , Bauer Amely M. , Tavares Yasmin , Allen Julie , Efstathion Caroline , Bartlett Suzanne , Wishard Randy , Xiu Rui-De , Allen Benjamin , Tressler Miranda , Qualls Whitney , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D.
Published: May 2022

The irregular timing and spatial variation in zoonotic arbovirus spillover from vertebrate hosts to humans and livestock present challenges to predicting their occurrence from year to year and within their broader geographic range, compromising effective prevention and control strategies. The objective of this study was to quantify effects of landscape composition and configuration and dynamic temperature and precipitation values on the 2018 spatiotemporal distribution of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) and West Nile virus (WNV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) sentinel chicken seroconversion in northeastern Florida using Earth Observation (EO) data and a modeling framework that incorporated joint spatial and temporal effects. We investigated environmental effects using Bernoulli generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs) including a site level random effect, and then added spatial random effects and spatiotemporal random effects in subsequent runs. Models were executed using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach in R-INLA. GLMMs that included a spatiotemporal random effect performed better relative to models that included only spatial random effects and better than non-spatial models. Results indicated strong spatiotemporal structure in seroconversion for both viruses, but EEEV exhibited more punctuated and compact structure at the beginning of the sampling season, while WNV exhibited more gradual and diffuse structure across the study area toward the end of the sampling season. Percentage of cypress/tupelo wetland land cover within 3500 m of coop sites and edge density of forest land cover within 500 m had a strong positive effect on EEEV seroconversion, while the best fitting model for WNV was the intercept only model with spatiotemporal random effects. Lagged temperature and precipitation variables included in our study did not have a strong effect on seroconversion for either virus when accounting for temporal autocorrelation, demonstrating the utility of capturing this structure to avoid Type I errors. Predictive accuracy on out-of-sample data for EEEV seroconversion demonstrates the potential to develop a temporally dynamic framework to predict arbovirus transmission.
An Unhedgeable Black-Scholes-Merton Implicit Option?
Authors: Pereira Alfredo , Tarter Sean
Published: May 2022

In this paper we focus on an implicit assumption in the BSM framework that limits the scope of market network connections to seeking gains in the currency basis, i.e., on trading strategies between the numeraire and the stock and between the numeraire and the option, separately. We relax this assumption and derive the equivalent of the standard BSM approach under a more general market network framework in order to assess its implications. In doing so, we find that it is not possible to hedge the implicit option that allows one to directly trade the option and stock. This represents a potential challenge to the BSM framework, since the missing market network connection provides a potentially useful mechanism for risk-bearing portfolio managers to alter their portfolios.
Qluster: An Easy-to-Implement Generic Workflow for Robust Clustering of Health Data
Authors: Esnault Cyril , Rollot Melissa , Guilmin Pauline , Zucker Jean-Daniel
Published: May 2022

The exploration of heath data by clustering algorithms allows to better describe the populations of interest by seeking the sub-profiles that compose it. This therefore reinforces medical knowledge, whether it is about a disease or a targeted population in real life. Nevertheless, contrary to the so-called conventional biostatistical methods where numerous guidelines exist, the standardization of data science approaches in clinical research remains a little discussed subject. This results in a significant diversity in the execution of data science projects, whether in terms of algorithms used, reliability and credibility of the designed approach. Taking the path of parsimonious and judicious choice of both algorithms and implementations at each stage, this paper proposes Qluster, a practical workflow for performing clustering tasks. Indeed, this workflow makes a compromise between (1) genericity, as it is suitable regardless of the data volume (small/big) and regardless of the nature of the variables (continuous/qualitative/mixed), (2) ease of implementation, as it is based on few easy-to-use software packages, and (3) robustness, through the stability evaluation of the final clusters and through recognized algorithms and implementations. This workflow can be easily automated and/or routinely applied on a wide range of clustering projects. A synthesis of the literature on data clustering as well as the scientific rationale supporting the proposed workflow is also provided. Finally, a detailed application of the workflow on a concrete use case is provided, along with a practical discussion for data scientists. An implementation on the Dataiku platform is available upon request to the authors.
Endocrine Disruptors in Food, Estrobolome and Breast Cancer
Authors: Filippone Alessio , Rossi Cristina , Rossi Maria Maddalena , Di Micco Annalisa , Maggiore Claudia , Forcina Luana , Natale Maria , Costantini Lara , Merendino Nicolò , Di Leone Alba , Franceschini Gianluca , Masetti Riccardo , Magno Stefano
Published: May 2022

The microbiota is now recognized as one of the major players in human health and disease, in-cluding cancer. As regards breast cancer (BC), a clear link between microbiota and oncogenesis is still to be confirmed. Yet, part of the bacterial gene mass inside the gut, constituting the so called “estrobolome”, influences the sexual hormonal balance and, since the increased exposure to estrogens is associated with an increased risk, it may impact on the onset, progression, and treatment of hormonal dependent cancers, which account for more than 70% of all BCs. The hormonal dependent BCs are also affected by environmental and dietary endocrine disruptors and phytoestrogens which interact with microbiota in a bidirectional way: on one side disruptors can alter the composition and functions of the estrobolome, on the other the gut microbiota influences the metabolism of endocrine active food components. This review highlights the current evidence about the complex interplay between endocrine disruptors, phytoestrogens, microbiome, and BC, within the frames of a new “oncobiotic” perspective.
Ancient Agricultural and Pastoral Landscapes on the South Side of Lake Issyk-Kul: Preliminary Surveys of the Juuku Valley and Lower Kizil Suu Valley, Archaeobotanical Results of Three Stratigraphic Profiles, and GIS Modeling of Iron Age in Lower Kizil Suu
Authors: Chang Claudia . , Ivanov Sergeo Sergievich , Tourtellotte Perry Alan , Spengler III Robert N. , Mir-Makhamad Basira , Kramar David
Published: May 2022

The main goal of this paper is to present results of preliminary archaeological research on the south side of Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan. We test the hypothesis that agropastoral land use changed over four millennia from the Bronze Age through the ethnographic Kirghiz period due to economic, socio-political, and religious changes in the prehistoric and historic societies of this region. Our research objectives are to: (1) describe and analyze survey results from Lower Kizil Suu Valley; (2) discuss the results of radiometric and archaeobotanical samples taken from three stratigraphic profiles from three settlements from the Juuku Valley, including these chronological periods: the Wusun period (200 to 400 CE), the Qarakhanid period (1100 to 1200 CE), and the ethnographic Kirghiz period (1700 to 1900 CE); and (3) conduct preliminary GIS spatial analyses on the Iron Age mortuary remains (Saka and Wusun period). This research emerges out of the first archaeological surveys conducted in 2019 - 2021 and includes the Lower Kizil Suu alluvial fan; it is an initial step toward developing a model for agropastoral land use for upland valleys of the Inner Tian Shan Mountains.
Immunotherapy-based first-line treatment of intermediate- and poor-risk advanced renal cell carcinoma: number needed to treat and cost of preventing an event from the perspective of the Brazilian private healthcare system
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula , Roubik Camila , Dyer Matthew , Neusquen Lucienne , Marcolino Miriam , Ribeiro Rodrigo , May Jessica
Published: May 2022

Objective: To perform an analysis over time of the number needed to treat (NNT) and the cost of preventing an event (COPE) for nivolumab + ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) and pembrolizumab + axitinib (PEMBRO+AXI) as first-line treatments for advanced renal cell carcinoma patients with intermediate or poor-risk, under the Brazilian private healthcare system perspective. Methods: The NNT for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) from 12-month to maximum available follow-up from CheckMate 214 and KEYNOTE-426 studies were used to estimate the COPE. Treatment costs were estimated considering the labeled dosing and median PFS as a proxy for treatment duration. Results: The OS NNT for NIVO+IPI decreased from 12 to 8 and for PEMBRO+AXI increased slightly from 7 to 8 at 12 and 42 months, respectively. For PFS, NNT for NIVO+IPI decreased from 15 to 6, and for PEMBRO+AXI increased from 7 to 10 at 12 and 30 months. The estimated treatment cost is R$ 638,620 for an estimated median of 11.2 months of NIVO+IPI treatment and R$ 966,818 for 13.8 months of PEMBRO+AXI treatment. COPE for OS at 12 and 42 months was R$ 7,663,440 and R$ 5,108,960 with NIVO+IPI and R$ 6,047,417 and R$ 7,734,547 with PEMBRO+AXI. For PFS, COPE at 12 and 30 months was R$ 9,579,300 and R$ 3,831,720 with NIVO+IPI and R$ 6,047,417 and R$ 9,668,184 with PEMBRO+AXI. Conclusions: Treatment with NIVO+IPI results in lower COPE than PEMBRO+AXI from month 18 onwards, driven by lower treatment costs and improved NNT over time with NIVO+IPI.
Cladribina oral para o tratamento da esclerose múltipla remitente-recorrente altamente ativa: análise de impacto orçamentário sob a perspectiva do sistema brasileiro de saúde suplementar
Authors: Jabase Leticia , Marasco Gabriel , Ribeiro-Pereira Ana Carolina , Camargo Leonardo , Puopolo Giovanna , Fernandes Roberta , Chehin Alexandre
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto orçamentário da inclusão da cladribina oral no tratamento de esclerose múltipla remitente-recorrente em alta atividade da doença (EMRR HDA) no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar (SSS). Métodos: Foi conduzida uma análise de impacto orçamentário, sob a perspectiva do SSS, com horizonte temporal de quatro anos, considerando a abordagem de coorte aberta na qual o número de pacientes elegíveis para tratamento varia em cada ano com a introdução de novos pacientes diagnosticados de EMRR HDA e a retirada de indivíduos prevalentes devido a morte ou progressão secundária. Foram considerados custos médicos diretos, incluindo a aquisição e administração de medicamentos, monitoramento, eventos adversos e surtos. Os comparadores utiliza[1]dos na análise foram: alentuzumabe, fingolimode, natalizumabe e ocrelizumabe. Os custos foram apresentados em real brasileiro (BRL). Resultados: O custo incremental da inclusão da cladribina oral para o SSS foi estimado em 463.265 BRL, 739.691 BRL, -1.414.963 BRL, -3.719.007 BRL, nos anos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Isso resultou em um custo incremental total de -3.931.015 BRL no período analisado, representando 1,5% da redução orçamentária total no tratamento de EMRR HDA. Conclusão: A inclusão da cladribina oral para o tratamento de pacientes com diagnóstico de EMRR HDA poderia gerar uma economia substancial para o sistema brasileiro de saúde suplementar, atingindo um valor de cerca de 3,9 milhões de BRL em um período de quatro anos.
Características demográficas e utilização de recursos por pacientes com dermatite atópica no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)
Authors: Santos André , Barbosa Aline , Taminato Alexandre , Malbouisson Isabelle , Laredo Fernando
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: O estudo tem por objetivo entender as características demográficas e a utilização de recursos para o tratamento da dermatite atópica (DA) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo de dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do SUS (Datasus). Os pacientes de interesse foram selecionados por meio do CID-10 L20 (DA). Os dados de interesse foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) e Ambulatoriais (SIA) do SUS. Foram extraídos dados de janeiro de 2015 a junho de 2020. Resultados: Foram identificados 27.813 pacientes que realizaram algum procedimento (ambulatorial ou hospitalar) relacionado diretamente com o CID-10 L20. A maior prevalência dos pacientes encontra-se no estado de SP, com 28,6% do total. Foram identificados 116 pacientes que utilizaram alguma das terapias sistêmicas utilizadas no tratamento da DA, sendo a ciclosporina o medicamento mais utilizado (53%). Todas as dispensações estão vinculadas a CIDs de doenças diferentes da DA, porém, pelas premissas adota[1]das nesse estudo, assumimos que os medicamentos utilizados foram para tratamento da DA, com exceção daqueles relacionados a transplante. Foram realizados 49.245 procedimentos/atendimentos. Identificaram-se 5.006 internações, realizadas por 4.616 pacientes. Foi observado um repasse total de R$ 2.007.757,13 para atendimentos; 77% desse total representam gastos com hospitalizações. Conclusões: Entender o perfil da população afetada pela DA no Brasil e o padrão de uso de recursos pode ajudar a compreender a carga da doença para o sistema público de saúde e auxiliar no desenvolvimento de protocolos clínicos e diretrizes terapêuticas para o tratamento da doença.
Impacto econômico da infecção por influenza no Brasil: uma análise sob a perspectiva dos sistemas de saúde e da sociedade em 2019
Authors: Araújo Rafael , Watanabe Sarah , Boiron Louis , Pereira Ana Carolina , Asano Enzo
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Estimar o impacto econômico da influenza no Brasil sob a perspectiva dos pagadores de serviços de saúde e da sociedade. Métodos: Utilizando um modelo econômico e dados da literatura e de uma base de dados censitária para fins de reembolso (SIH/SUS), foi calculado o número de casos esperados de influenza resultantes em visitas ambulatoriais, internações e mortes atribuídas à doença no Brasil. Para a construção do modelo econômico, foram considerados custos obtidos por meio dos dados extraídos do Datasus e de fontes publicamente disponíveis para a atenção pública e para a atenção privada, respectivamente. Os custos foram reportados em real brasileiro (BRL). Resultados: Foi estimada a ocorrência anual de 14,9 milhões de casos de influenza no Brasil, segmentados em aproximadamente 97 mil hospitalizações por ano decorrentes de influenza e 5,8 milhões de visitas ambulatoriais. Nos cálculos apresentados, cerca de 12 milhões de dias de produtividade foram perdidos e 78 mil anos de vida foram perdidos em um ano. O impacto econômico da doença foi calculado em 5.622.438.761 BRL, sendo os custos indiretos associados os mais representativos, atribuindo cerca de 69% (3.889.541.452 BRL) do total. Os custos médicos diretos e out-of-pocket representaram aproximadamente 23% (1.312.175.732 BRL) e 7% (420.721.577 BRL), respectivamente. Conclusão: Apesar dos esforços relacionados à vacinação de diversos grupos, a influenza apresenta uma importante carga econômica, reforçando a importância de medidas de saúde pública para a redução de carga da doença. Esse impacto é especialmente relacionado aos custos indiretos gera[1]dos pela perda de dias de produtividade e anos de vida perdidos.
Dados de mundo real: o impacto econômico da inclusão de antineoplásicos orais para as operadoras de saúde no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar do Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Luciana , Pires Bernardo , Rosa Bruna , Paladini Luciano , Gaffo Marina , Picoli Renato , Bianco Juares
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar o incremento mensal do custo por beneficiário da incorporação das terapias antineoplásicas orais se aprovado o PL nº 6.330/2019. Métodos: As características clínicas e dos medicamentos utilizados em pacientes em tratamento oncológico foram coletadas da base de dados de mundo real Auditron®, plataforma de avaliações de solicitações de pré-autorização de procedimentos médicos. Com base nas características dos pacientes, foram avaliadas as possibilidades de uso dos medicamentos antineoplásicos orais, conforme as diretrizes da NCCN e ESMO. O cálculo do custo incremental foi realizado utilizando o número total de pacientes diagnosticados com uma neoplasia específica e o número de pacientes aptos a receber antineoplásicos orais. Foi utilizada lista de preços CMED para cálculo dos custos de aquisição de medicamentos. Resultados: O custo incremental da incorporação de 34 drogas antineoplásicas orais em 2019 foi de R$ 5.362.642.580 (R$ 3.944.321.786- R$ 6.483.413.466), representando impacto mensal de R$ 9,50 por beneficiário. O custo incremental da incorporação de 21 drogas antineoplásicas orais em 2021 era de R$ 2.028.538.791 (R$ 1.485.919.710- R$ 3,016,407,794), representando impacto mensal de R$ 3,59 por beneficiário. Conclusão: A incorporação das drogas antineoplásicas orais acarretariam um baixo incremento mensal por beneficiário.
Índices de internações, de mortalidade e de custos associados à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) no Distrito Federal após mudança do Protocolo Estadual de 2018 – Dados do mundo real
Authors: Rabahi Marcelo , Scabello Rodrigo , Santoni Natália , Campos Daniela
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar os índices de hospitalização, mortalidade e custos associados à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) após mudança do Protocolo de Atenção à Saúde da Secretaria do Distrito Federal (SES-DF) em 2018 por um medicamento da mesma classe terapêutica, porém em dispositivo inalatório diferente. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal, em uma coorte de pacientes adultos internados em dois períodos específicos: agosto/2017 a julho/2018 (MAT 1 – vigência do Protocolo antigo) e agosto/2018 a julho/2019 (MAT 2 – vigência do novo Protocolo). Foram avaliados pacientes internados com diagnóstico principal de DPOC de acordo com a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados com a Saúde Versão 10 (CID-10) estabelecida pelo protocolo de atenção à saúde e registrada no Datasus. Os desfechos avaliados foram número de internações, mortalidade e custos totais associados à internação por DPOC. Resultados: Após análise dos dados relacionados à DPOC, a comparação entre MAT 1 (agosto/2017 a julho/2018) e MAT 2 (agosto/2018 a julho/2019) resultou no aumento na ocorrência de importantes desfechos: +131,3% no número de internações com passagens em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) (n = 16 no MAT 1 vs. n = 37 no MAT 2, p < 0,01), +101,0% na frequência de internações com passagem em UTI sobre o total de internações (2,4% no MAT 1 vs. 4,8% no MAT 2, p = 0,01), +566,7% nos óbitos de pacientes internados em UTI (n = 3 no MAT 1 vs. n = 20 no MAT 2, p < 0,01) e +52,9% nos custos totais de internação (R$ 828.761 no MAT 1 vs. R$ 1.267.318 no MAT 2, p = 0,03). Conclusão: Durante os períodos analisados, houve aumento no uso de UTI, na mortalidade em UTI e nos custos totais relacionados à DPOC. A atualização do protocolo alterou tanto o dispositivo inalatório (névoa suave para pó seco) quanto a molécula (tiotrópio para glicopirrônio) e poderia ser um dos fatores responsáveis por esses desfechos, no entanto as limitações desta análise observacional não podem determinar um impacto causal da mudança do protocolo, pois outras variáveis também podem ter levado às diferenças descritas.