bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FECHAMENTO DE FÍSTULA BUCOANTRAL: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: GUSMAN David Jonathan Rodrigues , PASSOS João Pedro Tudisco , ARAÚJO Nathália Januário de , NOVAES Vivian Cristina Noronha , BERTÃO José Maria , MACARINI Valmir Campos , ALMEIDA Juliano Milanezi de
Published: August 2017

Introdução: A maxila posterior desdentada é muitas vezes um desafio para a instalação de implantes devido à falta de osso, reabsorção do rebordo alveolar e/ou pneumatização seio maxilar. Um dos problemas nessa área é a fístula bucoantral que é caracterizada por uma comunicação patológica, circundada por tecido epitelial, entre a cavidade bucal e seio maxilar. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente relato de caso clínico foi descrever o tratamento de uma fístula bucoantral, desde o diagnóstico até seu completo fechamento, demostrando os métodos e técnicas utilizadas. O diagnóstico foi seguido pelo protocolo proposto por Marzola, sendo analisado a radiografia panorâmica na região do seio maxilar, teste de sensibilidade aos antibióticos, exame de biópsia por citologia esfoliativa e irrigação do seio maxilar com solução adstringente de lauril dietilenoglicol éter sulfonato de sódio e acetilcisteína + glicinato de tianfenicol. O tratamento medicamentoso consistiu em descongestionantes nasais maleato de bronfeniramina + cloridrato de fenilefrina, cloridrato de fexofenadina + cloridrato de pseudoefedrina e cloreto de sódio, a antibioticoterapia com sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima e como analgésico o paracetamol.  O tratamento cirúrgico consistiu em incisão linear, deslocamentos do retalho mucoperiostal vestibular e lingual, incisões na base do periósteo, remoção da fístula, alivio da tabua óssea vestibular, sutura simples e festonada. Conclusão: Dentro dos limites do presente caso clínico, podemos concluir que os procedimentos adotados para o diagnóstico e o tratamento da fístula bucoantral foram efetivos, fechando-se completamente a lesão, restabelecendo assim a normalidade do seio maxilar para futuros procedimentos reabilitadores.
EFEKTIVITAS BERBAGAI INDIKATOR PENGGILINGAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KUALITAS KERTAS
Authors: Rachmanasari Hana , Hidayat Taufan
Published: August 2017

The experiments of refining have been done using PFI mill and Beater, at 300 mL CSF of freenessas fixed parameters. Research was aims to determine the effective indicators of refining to predict the quality of the paper. The raw material used were wood pulp, non wood pulp, chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, Leaf Bleached Kraft Pulp (LBKP) and Needle Bleached Kraft Pulp (NBKP). The parameters which analyzed for each equipments were fibers classification, fiber morphology, dimensions of its derivatives and as the value of the drainage rate. The strenght of handsheets formed from the fibers were tested including tensile, bursting, and tearing strength. According to the results of correlation analysis, the most effective and sensitive indicators of refining towards strength properties of paper, in the wo different refining methods, is the felting power slenderness with correlation values above 0.8.Key words : refining, fiber classification, fiber morphology, the strength properties, correlation valueABSTRAKTelah dilakukan percobaan penggilingan menggunakan PFI mill dan Valley Beater, pada freeness 300 mL CSF sebagai parameter tetap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa indikator penggilingan yang efektif untuk memprediksi kualitas kertas. Bahan baku terdiri dari pulp kayu, pulp non kayu, pulp kimia, pulp mekanis, pulp kayudaun dan pulp kayujarum. Parameter yang dianalisa untuk masing-masing hasil penggilingan adalah klasifikasi serat, morfologi serat dan dimensi turunannya serta nilai laju drainase. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji sifat kekuatan yang meliputi ketahanan tarik, retak dan sobek. Berdasarkan hasil analisa korelasi terhadap data penelitian, indikator penggilingan yang paling efektif dan sensitif terhadap sifat kekuatan kertas pada dua metode penggilingan berbeda adalah kelangsingan dengan nilai korelasi di atas 0,8.Kata kunci : penggilingan, klasifikasi serat, morfologi serat, sifat kekuatan, nilai korelasi
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PENDAHULUAN DENGAN KULTUR CAMPURAN JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH Phanerochaete crysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus DAN Trametes versicolor TERHADAP KADAR LIGNIN DAN SELULOSA BAGAS
Authors: Anita Sita Heris , Hermiati Euis , Budi Laksana Raden Permana
Published: August 2017

Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass requires pretreatment in order to separate lignin from cellulose. Several methods have been introduced for pretreatment process of lignocellulosic biomass. These are physical, physico-chemical, chemical, as well as biological pretreatment. The following investigation aimed at a biological pretreatment of bagasse using mix-culture of white-rot fungi with the objective to investigate pretreatment effect on the lignin degradation of bagasse with minimum loss of cellulose content. The white-rot fungi involved Phanerochaete crysosporium (Pc), Pleurotus ostreatus (Po), and Trametes versicolor (Tv) on degrading lignin of bagasse with minimal losses of cellulose content 5% (w/v). The culture variation are as follows Po dan Tv (1:1), Po dan Pc (1:1), Pc dan Tv (1:1) and Po, Pc dan Tv (1:1:1) they were inoculated into steamed bagasse and incubated for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks respectively. Chemical analysis was done to determine the weight loss, lignin, and alphacellulose content before and after pretreatment. Optimum lignin degradation was achieved after two weeks incubation for each mix-culture. The most effective lignin degradation of mix-culture Po, Pc and Tv (25,26±1,57%) with minimum cellulose loss (17,27±3,76%).Key words : pretreatment, white-rot fungi, mix-culture, baggaseINTISARIKonversi biomassa lignoselulosa membutuhkan proses perlakuan pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk memisahkan lignin dari selulosa. Beberapa metode telah banyak diketahui untuk proses perlakuan pendahuluan biomassa lignoselulosa, diantaranya perlakuan pendahuluan secara fisika, fisika-kimia, kimia dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan kultur campur jamur pelapuk putih Phanerochaete crysosporium (Pc), Pleurotus ostreatus (Po), dan Trametes versicolor (Tv) terhadap penurunan kadar lignin bagas dengan kehilangan minimal α-selulosa. Inokulum yang digunakan sebesar 5% (w/v) dengan variasi kultur Po dan Tv (1:1), Po dan Pc (1:1), Pc dan Tv (1:1) dan Po, Pc dan Tv (1:1:1). Kultur campur jamur diinokulasikan ke dalam bagas dan diinkubasi masing-masing selama 1, 2, 3, dan 4 minggu. Analisa kimia dilakukan untuk mengetahui kehilangan berat, kadar lignin serta selulosa bagas sebelum dan setelah perlakuan pendahuluan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan optimal kadar lignin bagas dengan kehilangan minimal α-selulosa terjadi pada waktu inkubasi dua minggu untuk setiap variasi kultur campur. Dari empat variasi kultur campur pada waktu inkubasi dua minggu menunjukkan bahwa kehilangan rata-rata lignin bagas tertinggi (325,26±1,57%) dengan kehilangan minimal α-selulosa (17,27±3,76%) terjadi pada kultur campur Pc dan Tv.Kata kunci : perlakuan pendahuluan, jamur pelapuk putih, kultur campur, bagas
CELLULOSIC MATERIALS AS POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE IN FUEL CELL APPLICATION
Authors: Radiman Cynthia L. , Sarinastiti A.
Published: August 2017

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) are considered as future power sources in overcoming the fossil-based energy crisis. The objective of this work is to explore one of the natural resources of Indonesia and to improve its properties by chemical modification in order to get the required characteristics as electrolyte membrane. In this work coconut water was used as the basic material. It was fermented by Acetobacter xylinum and the resulting bacterial cellulose was then phosphorylated using a microwave-assisted reaction. Those membranes have been immersed for a varied time ranging between 0 and 8 hours (0-8 h) in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), phosphoric acid and urea prior to irradiation by microwave for 60 s. Those membranes were characterized by several methods, such as functional group analysis by FTIR, proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity, swelling index, morphology analysis by SEM and phosphorus content analysis by SEM-EDS. From the experimental data, it can be concluded that a phosphorylated bacterial cellulose prepared by a 4h–immersion could be used as an alternative electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications.Keywords: fuel cell, bacterial cellulose, phosphorylated bacterial cellulose  ABSTRAK Sel bahan bakar membran polimer eletrolit (PEMFC) dan sel bahan bakar metanol (DMFC) merupakan sumber energi masa depan yang dapat mengatasi krisis energi minyak bumi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggunakan bahan alam Indonesia yang dimodifikasi secara kimiawi supaya sifat-sifatnya dapat ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi persyaratan sebagai membran elektrolit. Dalam penelitian ini air kelapa telah digunakan sebagai bahan dasar dan selanjutnya difermentasi oleh Acetobacter xylinum. Selulosa bakterial yang dihasilkan difosforilasi dengan bantuan gelombang mikro. Membran tersebut direndam selama waktu yang bervariasi ( 0-8 jam) dalam campuran N,N-dimetilasetamida (DMF), asam fosfat dan urea sebelum diiradiasi dengan gelombang mikro selama 60 detik. Karakterisasi membran dilakukan dengan berbagai metoda, antara lain analisis gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, konduktivitas proton, kapasitas penukar ion, indeks penggembungan, analisis morfologi dengan SEM dan analisis kadar fosfor dengan SEM-EDS. Dari data yang diperoleh disimpulkan bahwa selulosa bakterial yang difosforilasi dengan proses perendaman selama 4 jam dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk membran elektrolit dalam aplikasi sel bahan bakar.Kata kunci: sel bahan bakar, selulosa bakterial, selulosa bakterial terfosforilasi
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN XILANASE PADA PROSES PEMUTIHAN SISTEM ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE (ECF)
Authors: Septiningrum Krisna , Sugesty Susi
Published: August 2017

This research aims to investigate the effect of xylanase pretreatment on elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching process, the quality of bleached pulp and wastewater characteristics. At first, xylanase was produced from Bacillus circulans using solid-phase fermentation and then used for pre- bleaching of Acacia mangium and commercial pulp (Kappa Number of 12-16) and then bleached with D0ED1D2 bleaching sequences. The bleached pulp obtained was tested for physical and optical properties; COD and AOX content of wastewater generated were tested as well. The results showed that the xylanase pretreatment increase the brightness, physical strength (tensile and bursting index) of Acacia mangium and commercial pulp at xylanase dose of 0.5 kg/ton. The xylanase decrease the extractive content of Acacia mangium pulp but increase it at a commercial pulp. In contrary, the dirt content of Acacia mangium pulp was increase while it was decrease at a commercial pulp. These were obtained at a dose of xylanase of 0.5 kg/ton. The addition of xylanase on prebleaching process could increase the COD value but decrease significantly the AOX content in effluent.Keywords: xylanase, Bacillus circulans, pre-bleaching, Acacia mangium, ECF  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan awal xilanase pada pemutihan pulp sistem elemental chlorine free (ECF), kualitas pulp putih dan pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik air limbah yang dihasilkan. Mula-mula, xilanase diproduksi dari Bacillus circulans menggunakan fermentasi fase padat kemudian digunakan pada perlakuan awal pemutihan (pre-bleaching) pulp Acacia mangium dan pulp komersial (Bilangan Kappa 12-16). Pulp lalu diputihkan dengan urutan D0ED1D2. Pulp putih yang diperoleh diuji sifat fisik dan optiknya, sedangkan air limbah yang  diperoleh diuji kandungan COD dan AOX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi xilanase dapat meningkatkan derajat putih, kekuatan fisik (indeks tarik dan retak) pulp Acacia mangium dan komersial pada dosis xilanase sebesar 0,5 kg/ton. Xilanase dapat menurunkan kandungan ekstraktif pada pulp Acacia mangium namun meningkatkan kandungan ekstraktif pada pulp komersial. Hal sebaliknya terjadi pada jumlah noda pada lembaran. Jumlah noda meningkat pada pulp Acacia mangium namun menurun pada pulp komersial pada dosis xilanase 0,5 kg/ton. Penambahan xilanase pada proses pre-bleaching meningkatkan kandungan COD pada air limbah proses pemutihan yang dihasilkan namun dapat menurunkan kandungan AOXKata kunci: xilanase, Bacillus circulans, pra-pemutihan, Acacia mangium, ECF
THE SEPARATION OF CELLULOSE-BINDING DOMAIN FROM ENDOGLUCANASE EGL-II BY PROTEOLYSIS METHOD
Authors: Masriani Rina , Hidayat Taufan , Trisulo Dewi Christanti
Published: August 2017

Protein molecule of endoglucanase Egl-II is consisted of two domains, namely cellulose-binding domain (CBD) which serves in promoting the adsorption of the enzyme to the insoluble crystalline cellulose and cellulase catalytic domain which is responsible for the hydrolysis reaction. In this study, CBD of endoglucanase Egl-II was separated from the intact protein by degradation using the papain and then separation by ultrafiltration methods. The CBD resulted can be used to modify the waste paper fibers. The results of electrophoresis before degradation showed that endoglucanase Egl-II has a molecular weight about 57.5 kDa. The electrophoregram after protein degradation and separation of CBD from the endoglucanase Egl-II showed that CBD was separated from the intact protein with a molecular weight about 21 kDa. The yield of CBDs were 59.51%. It can be concluded that CBD of endoglucanase Egl-II can be separated from the intact protein.Keywords: endoglucanase Egl-II, cellulose-binding domain, papain, ultrafiltration. ABSTRAKMolekul protein dari endoglukanase Egl-II terdiri dari dua domain, yaitu cellulose-binding domain (CBD) yang berfungsi untuk mempromosikan adsorpsi enzim ke selulosa kristalin dan domain katalitik yang bertanggung jawab dalam reaksi hidrolisis. Dalam studi ini, CBD dari endoglukanase Egl-II telah dipisahkan dari protein utuhnya setelah didegradasi dengan papain. Pemisahan CBD dari campuran hasil degradasi dilakukan dengan metode ultrafiltrasi. CBD yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk memodifikasi serat kertas bekas. Hasil elektroforesis sebelum degradasi menunjukkan endoglukanase Egl-II memiliki massa molekul sekitar 57,5 kDa. Dari elektroforegram setelah degradasi protein dan pemisahan CBD dari endoglukanase Egl-II memperlihatkan bahwa CBD telah terpisah dari protein utuhnya dan memiliki massa molekul sekitar 21 kDa. Rendemen CBD adalah 59,51%. CBD dari endoglukanase Egl-II dapat dipisahkan dengan metode ini.Kata kunci: endoglukanase Egl-II, cellulose-binding domain, papain, ultrafiltrasi.
EVALUASI EFISIENSI ENERGI PENGERING MULTISILINDER PADA MESIN KERTAS UNTUK PRODUKSI KERTAS TULIS-CETAK GRAMATUR RENDAH
Authors: , Trismawati
Published: August 2017

Paper machine has been designed for special purposes in accordance with the fiber characteristic used as the raw material, fiber development needed, and the fiber network developed so that the incremental water content reduction in the paper web from the inlet point of cylindrical dryer up to the outlet point of cylindrical dryer optimum. In industrial application, the paper machine designed for basis weight 60 gsm and virgin pulp as the raw material is often used for 45 gsm productions with virgin and recycled fiber as the raw material because of the paper demand. In this research the cylindrical dryer performance was observed when used for 45 gsm writing and printing paper production and their ability to dry the paper up to the design speed was simulated. Hopefully the result will able to give a contribution for energy efficiency so that the reduction of contribution margin can be anticipated.Keywords: cylindrical dryer, designed speed, energy efficiency, contribution margin. ABSTRAK Mesin kertas telah dirancang sesuai peruntukannya khususnya menyesuaikan dengan karakteristik serat yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku, pengembangan serat yang diinginkan dan jaringan serat yang terbentuk. Hal ini agar pengurangan kadar air yang terjadi secara bertahap dari pengering silinder ujung awal sampai ujung akhir dapat berjalan optimal. Dalam aplikasi industri sering dilakukan penyimpangan seperti mesin kertas yang dirancang untuk untuk memproduksi kertas tulis cetak 60 gsm bahan baku virgin digunakan untuk memproduksi kertas tulis cetak 45 gsm berbahan baku virgin maupun kertas daur-ulang berdasarkan permintaan pasar. Dalam penelitian ini diamati kajian kinerja pengering silinder mesin kertas saat pengeringan produk kertas tulis cetak 45 gsm dan simulasi kemampuan pengeringan pengering silinder tersebut sampai batas kecepatan rancangan mesin kertas. Hasil diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap efisiensi energi, sehingga langkah antisipasi terhadap kemungkinan penurunan kontribusi keuntungan dapat dilakukan.Kata kunci: pengering silinder, kecepatan rancangan, efisiensi energi, kontribusi keuntungan
PENGOLAHAN GONDORUKEM MENJADI BAHAN PENDARIHAN SEBAGAI ADITIF PADA PEMBUATAN KERTAS
Authors: Khadafi Mahammad , Rostika Ike , Hidayat Taufan
Published: August 2017

Gondorukem (Resina colophium) is produced by steam distillation of pine resin (oleoresin). It is yellow-brown solid containing mainly tricyclic alkyl organic acids (abietat acid and pimarate acid). The two acids have ampliphilic characteristics due to their hydrophobic carboxyl tail and hydrophilic tricyclic molecules. The purpose of this research was to prepare emulsion rosin as a sizing agent. Two types of gondorukem (WW and X grades) were saponified by adding a sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature below 100oC. For improving the quality of saponified rosins, the rosins were fortified by adding some maleic anhydride. Some tests were conducted to measure saponified and acidic numbers of a known rosin grade. The tests show that the acidic and saponified numbers of an X grade rosin were 179.92 and 199.74, respectively. Those of a WW grade were 176.58 and 195.84 for acidic and saponified numbers, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the X grade gondorukem has a better quality as a rosin sizing agent than the WW grade.Keywords: gondorukem, saponification, sizing agent, fortified rosin  ABSTRAK Gondorukem (Resina colophium) adalah hasil olahan destilasi uap dari getah sadapan pada batang pinus (oleoresin). Gondorukem berbentuk padatan berwarna kuning kecoklatan dengan komponen kimia utamanya terdiri dari asam organik alkyl tricyclic tak jenuh yaitu asam abietat dan asam pimarat. Kedua molekul asam ini memiliki sifat amfipatik yaitu mempunyai gugus karboksil yang bersifat hidrofilik dan molekul tricyclic yang hidrofobik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pembuatan darih rosin emulsi dari gondorukem serbuk sebagai aditif pada pembuatan kertas. Gondorukem dengan kualitas WW dan X dilakukan reaksi saponifikasi menggunakan soda pada suhu di bawah 100oC. Peningkatan kualitas dari rosin tersabunkan yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan reaksi fortifikasi menjadi rosin terfortifikasi dengan penambahan senyawa anhidrida maleat. Parameter uji berupa bilangan penyabunan dan bilangan asam dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas darih rosin yang terbentuk. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bilangan asam dan penyabunan kualitas X adalah 179,92 dan 199,74 sedangkan untuk kualitas WW 176,58 dan 195,84. Dengan hasil pengujian kualitas bahan baku gondorukem X mempunyai kualitas yang lebih baik untuk dijadikan darih rosin pada kertas dibandingkan dengan WW.Kata kunci: gondorukem, saponifikasi, bahan pendarihan, rosin terfortifikasi
KARAKTERISTIK PULP KIMIA MEKANIS DARI KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) UNTUK KERTAS LAINER
Authors: Kardiansyah Teddy , Sugesty Susi
Published: August 2017

Liner paper is commonly used for packaging because of its high bursting and ring crush strength. To meet these properties, liner paper strength relies on about 10-40% content of NUKP (Needle Unbleached Kraft Pulp). Currently, Indonesia does not produce NUKP, so it must be imported and the price is expensive. Liners paper in Indonesia is usually made from waste paper (old corrugated containers) that has unacceptable strength properties. To improve the strength properties, virgin pulp should be used. This study aimed to make virgin pulp from kenaf by chemimechanical process. Its physical strength was tested as a NUKP substitute. The results show that Kenaf mechanical pulp from Kenaf bast treated by using 6% sodium hydroxide solution fulfills the NUKP specifications according to SNI- 6106-1999, i.e. a fiber length of 4.24 mm, a freeness of 760 mL CSF, a tensile index of 66.54 Nm/g, a burst index of 5.72 kPam2/g, and a tear index of 18.09 mNm2/g.Keywords: nonwood, chemimechanical pulp, kenaf, bast, core  ABSTRAK Kertas lainer merupakan kertas industri yang digunakan untuk kemasan, dengan sifat ketahanan retak dan ketahanan tekan lingkar (ring crush) yang tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan kedua sifat tersebut maka biasanya kekuatan kertas lainer bertumpu pada penggunaan NUKP (pulp kraft serat panjang belum putih) dengan proporsi sekitar 10 – 40%. Saat ini Indonesia tidak memproduksi NUKP sehingga kebutuhan NUKP harus diimpor dan harganya mahal. Kertas lainer di Indonesia pada saat ini hampir semuanya dibuat dari karton bekas, disamping itu pengolahan karton bekas memiliki masalah pada kekuatan lembaran. Jika pembuatan karton menggunakan serat asli (virgin pulp), maka masalah kekuatan lembaran dapat diatasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pulp dari Kenaf dengan proses kimia mekanis. Bahan baku nonkayu yaitu kenaf dibuat pulp mekanis dengan menggunakan proses Chemimechanical Pulp (CMP). Selanjutnya pulp mekanis yang diperoleh diuji kekuatan fisiknya untuk melihat potensinya sebagai pulp NUKP. Pulp mekanis kenaf yang berasal dari kulit kenaf dengan penggunaan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) 6% telah memenuhi spesifikasi pulp NUKP sesuai dengan SNI 6106-1999, yaitu panjang serat 4,24 mm, freeness 760 mL CSF, indeks tarik 66,54 Nm/g, indeks retak 5,72 kPam2/g dan indeks sobek 18,09 mNm2/g.Kata kunci: non kayu, pulp kimia mekanis, kenaf, kulit, batang tanpa kulit
OPTIMASI BIOPROSES MODIFIKASI PERMUKAAN SERAT UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN KERTAS
Authors: Hidayat Taufan , Elyani Nina , Purwita Chandra Apriana
Published: August 2017

Fiber surface modification is a main process to improve paper quality. It is usually done mechanically through refining process. In this research the modification was done microbiologically by using Acetobacter xylinum. In principle, this process is carried out by growing bacterial cellulose on the fiber surface, which is similar to fibrillation by mechanical action. The modification was done at the short fibers at 5 duration reaction times and 4 level agitation speeds. The experiments were conducted in a 75 liter active volume bioreactor filled with a liquid inorganic media, 0.75% pulp consistency, at 30°C temperature, and pH 5.5. The washed pulp was then turned into sheets for testing purposes. The experiments show that at 37.5 Hz agitation speed and 1-3 hours reaction time, the paper strength and structure improve effectively. In addition, this optimized process also shows a potential energy saving up to 17.24% at agitation speed of 25,0 Hz.Keywords: fiber surface modification, Acetobacter xylinum, paper strength, short fibers  ABSTRAK Modifikasi permukaan serat adalah proses inti pembuatan kertas untuk meningkatkan kualitas kertas. Pada umumnya modifikasi permukaan serat dilakukan secara mekanis melalui proses penggilingan. Pada penelitian ini modifikasi permukaan serat dilakukan secara mikrobiologis menggunakan Acetobacter xylinum. Proses ini berlangsung dengan cara menumbuhkan bakteri pembentuk selulosa pada permukaan serat sehingga serat terfibrilasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada serat pendek dengan variasi 5 durasi waktu reaksi dan 4 tingkat kecepatan agitasi. Proses modifikasi dilakukan dalam bioreaktor dengan volume aktif 75 liter menggunakan media anorganik cair, pada konsistensi pulp 0,75%, suhu 30°C, dan pH 5,5. Pulp hasil reaksi dicuci kemudian dibuat lembaran untuk diuji karakteristik fisiknya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi kecepatan agitasi 37,5 Hz dan waktu inkubasi 1-3 jam, bioproses modifikasi serat efektif untuk meningkatkan kekuatan kertas, memperbaiki struktur lembaran kertas, dan berpeluang menghemat energi sebesar 17,24% pada kecepatan agitasi 25,0 Hz.Kata kunci: modifikasi permukaan serat, Acetobacter xylinum, kekuatan kertas, serat pendek
Creative Weeding and Other Everyday Experiments in the Garden
Authors: Despard Erin K.
Published: August 2017

Weeding is a mundane activity that nonetheless affords the opportunity to reorient garden practices in a manner that is more open with regard to relations between humans and non-human beings. Based on a critical analysis of what constitutes a weed and the psychological and political significance of weeding, as well as a consideration of the agency of plants generally, I argue that a more creative or experimental approach to weeding may help to unsettle otherwise habitual and unreflective practices. Enabling individuals to become more open to new ways of doing things in the garden and new ways of thinking about non-human nature, may in turn contribute to the efficacy of collective responses to environmental change.
Earthways: Opportunity, Community and Meaning in the Personal Garden
Authors: Sander-Regier Renate
Published: August 2017

The hybrid space of the personal garden offers valuable opportunities for individuals to express themselves personally in an outdoor setting, to develop meaningful relationships with green spaces, and to connect with the greater natural environment and urban community, as demonstrated in the works of contemporary gardener-authors Marjorie Harris, Sara Stein, and Leon Whiteson. These opportunities are particularly significant in urban environments where access to nature and green space is limited, and where gardening activities can contribute to the health of the natural environment, the wellbeing of people involved in the space, and the vitality of the community at large.
Introduction: Madness Manifest: Creativity, Art, and the Margins of Mental Health
Authors: Alvarez Natalie
Published: August 2017

Introduction to the issue.
“Madness” and Desire: Jane Eyre and Wittgenstein’s Nephew
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: August 2017

This comparative study of “madness” applies David Mitchell’s concept of “narrative prosthesis,” by which is meant that “disability has been used throughout history as a crutch on which literary narratives lean for their representational power,” to Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë and Wittgenstein’s Nephew by the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard. In particular, it examines the ways in which cognitive disability in one character is instrumental in the development and success of other characters’ undertakings, and argues that the treatment of madness highlights first and foremost the two novels’ emphasis on social achievement.
From Myth to Muse
Authors: Project Workman Arts
Published: August 2017

From Myth to Muse: Creative Works
Screen shot 18
Authors: B G
Published: August 2017

Polyglot mosaic
Screen shot 24
Authors: B G
Published: August 2017

Polyglot mosaic
Untitled
Authors: LaPointe Ashlin
Published: August 2017

Untitled, image
From Mark Twain, Kindness
Authors: Slee Helen
Published: August 2017

image
Braille
Authors: White Shawndra
Published: August 2017

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From Tom Sleigh
Authors: White Shawndra
Published: August 2017

poem
Vision
Authors: Marinko ..
Published: August 2017

image
From MITSUMI. ELEC. CO. LTD. 1
Authors: Schmaltz Eric
Published: August 2017

visual poetry
Tent and Tree
Authors: Serfas Shawn
Published: August 2017

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Sup er posit ions
Authors: Collectifs Auteurs
Published: August 2017

Poème narratif inspiré de calligrammes de Guillaume Apollinaire
Entretien avec Melanie Authier : "Grisailles"
Authors: Authier Melanie
Published: August 2017

"Grisailles", 7 décembre 2013 - 16 mars 2013 à Rodman Hall, St. Catharines, Ontario. Curator : Marcie Bronson
Conversations d'artistes / Conversations with Artists
Authors: Serfas Shawn , Serfas Abigail , Yakovleva Alexandra , Parayre Catherine , Farnsworth Geoff , Manchego-Badiola Daniel , Klose Heidi , El-Hoss Tamara
Published: August 2017

Chaussettes vertes et bonne nuit, les étoiles / Green Socks and Goodnight Stars (Rodman Hall, St. Catharines, ON, 10.2/1.3 2015) - artworks contributed in addition to the gallery exhibition.
Vélocipède
Authors: Savoie Paul
Published: August 2017

création
L’Emprise du passé : crime, châtiment et culpabilité dans la création de Philippe Claudel
Authors: Hsieh Yvonne
Published: August 2017

Cette étude se propose de présenter quatre œuvres de Philippe Claudel, romancier et réalisateur français (né en 1962), en y analysant les thèmes obsessionnels du crime, du châtiment et de la culpabilité.
De la bande dessinée comme de la littérature
Authors: Rhéault Sylvain
Published: August 2017

﻿On range sous la bannière de la littérature des genres comme la

poésie, le roman et le théâtre. La bande dessinée, quant à elle,

se voit reléguée aux oubliettes de la paralittérature (même si on

n'entend plus beaucoup ce mot aujourd'hui) avec le roman

policier, le polar et la science fiction. Pourtant, la distance

entre la représentation d'une pièce de Racine et un poème

d'Éluard n'est-elle pas plus grande que celle entre un roman à

caractère autobiographique d'Amélie Nothomb et une bande dessinée

de Marjane Satrapi? Nous proposons d'examiner l'oeuvre Persepolis

de Marjane Satrapi qui se démarque nettement de la production

traditionnelle par des choix originaux de sujets et de styles.

Nous analyserons les caractéristiques de Persepolis en tant

qu'oeuvre représentative d’une nouvelle école de bande dessinée.

Seront examinés entre autres les choix de format (couverture,

nombre de pages, en noir et blanc), de forme (dessin

essentialiste) et de fond (autobiographie, expérimentation) qui

se comparent avantageusement avec ceux de la littérature

contemporaine.
Pertinence ou non-pertinence des injures racistes dans les dictionnaires
Authors: Farid Georges
Published: August 2017

Le présent article vise à relever, dans les dictionnaires, les injures racistes et les mots

péjoratifs liés aux appellations offensantes de peuples. Nous voulons rendre problématique la

présence de ces injures, réveiller les lexicographes de leur sommeil dogmatique, et soumettre

à un examen critique, dénué de complaisance, la dénomination sclérosée d’année en année,

des injures racistes accompagnées parfois des mêmes citations offensantes.
Introduction
Authors: Caron Hélène , Ahmed Maroussia , Jeay Madeleine
Published: August 2017

Le troisième colloque étudiant « Francophonie et diversité » s’est déroulé les 10 et 11 mars 2006 au département de français de l’université McMaster, rassemblant étudiants des 2e et 3e cycles de l’Ontario.
O BRAILLE FÁCIL EM MATEMÁTICA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM UM ALUNO CEGO NA PERSPECTIVA DE PROMOÇÃO DE AUTONOMIA
Authors: Santos Felipe Moraes dos , Moraes Marcos Evandro Lisboa de , Sales Elielson Ribeiro de
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo refere-se ao acesso de informações no âmbito da matemática de nível superior. O objetivo é que esses estudantes façam uso de softwares que atendam suas necessidades com certa autonomia e propõe a utilização destes, tanto por alunos quanto por professores que tenham a necessidade de preparar materiais específicos para pessoas com deficiência visual. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa de campo, a partir do estudo de caso. As técnicas utilizadas foram entrevista semiestruturada e o uso de exercícios com a utilização do software Braille Fácil. A pesquisa teve como participante um aluno deficiente visual graduando em Matemática e concluiu-se que o software citado possibilita certa autonomia a uma pessoa com deficiência visual, além de ser acessível a pessoas que não dominem completamente a simbologia Braille.
Evaluation of Fourth-Year Veterinary Students' Client Communication Skills: Recommendations for Scaffolded Instruction and Practice
Authors: Stevens Brenda J. , Kedrowicz April A.
Published: August 2017

Effective client communication is important for success in veterinary practice. The purpose of this project was to describe one approach to communication training and explore fourth-year veterinary students' communication skills through an evaluation of their interactions with clients during a general practice rotation. Two raters coded 20 random videotaped interactions simultaneously to assess students' communication, including their ability to initiate the session, incorporate open-ended questions, listen reflectively, express empathy, incorporate appropriate nonverbal communication, and attend to organization and sequencing. We provide baseline data that will guide future instruction in client communication. Results showed that students' communication skills require development. Half of the students sampled excelled at open-ended inquiry (n=10), and 40% (n=8) excelled at nonverbal communication. Students needed improvement on greeting clients by name and introducing themselves and their role (n=15), reflective listening (n=18), empathy (n=17), and organization and sequencing (n=18). These findings suggest that more focused instruction and practice is necessary in maintaining an organized structure, reflective listening, and empathy to create a relationship-centered approach to care.
Influence of temperature on the growth of fecal coliform
Authors: Shaheduzzaman Md , Rahman Md Sayedur , Nur Ifra Tun
Published: August 2017

The cellular response against environmental stresses is one of the most highly conserved regulatory features among all organisms. The exposure of cells to stresses such as heat shock leads to the accumulation of partially and fully denatured proteins that interfere with normal cellular function. Present study was designed to examine the growth and physiology of Escherichia coli at different temperatures in our laboratory condition. With a previous observation of Escherichia coli growth cessation by the increase in temperature on different culture media, current study further extended the examination of the influence of temperature on the growth behavior of fecal coliform on minimal media, a slight retardation in the colony and cell morphology was noticed for fecal coliform at 47 °C within 36 hours to 72 hours of incubation. Consistent result was also found in spot test for fecal species at 45°C.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.6(1) 2016: 20-23
Size Characterisation Method and Detection Enhancement of Plasmonic Nanoparticles in a Pump–Probe System
Authors: Fuentes-Domínguez Rafael , Smith Richard , Pérez-Cota Fernando , Marques Leonel , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio , Clark Matt
Published: August 2017

The optical resonance of metal nanoparticles can be used to enhance the generation and detection of their main vibrational mode. In this work, we show that this method allows the accurate characterisation of the particle’s size because the vibrational frequency of plasmonic nanoparticles only depends on their mechanical properties. Moreover, by a careful selection of the particle size and/or probe laser wavelength, the detected signal can be increased by a large factor (∼9 for the particles used in this work) under the same illumination conditions. Finally, we show experimentally that particles of different sizes inside the point spread function can be observed due to the differences in their vibrational states, which could provide a feasible route to super-resolution.
High Conductivity and Adhesion of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy for TFT Gate Electrode
Authors: Peng Junbiao , Lu Kuankuan , Hu Shiben , Fang Zhiqiang , Ning Honglong , Wei Jinglin , Zhu Zhennan , Zhou Yicong , Wang Lei , Yao Rihui , Lu Xubing
Published: August 2017

The characteristics of Cu alloy (0.3 wt. % Cr, 0.2 wt. % Zr) thin film deposited by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposition were investigated. The conductivity and adhesion of the Cu-0.3%Cr-0.2%Zr films were optimized by increasing the sputter power to 150 W and reducing the sputter pressure to 2 mTorr. With an annealing process (at 300 °C for 1 h in argon ambient atmosphere), the resistivity of the alloy film decreased from 4.80 to 2.96 μΩ·cm, and the adhesion classification increased from 2B to 4B on glass substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that Cr aggregated toward the surface of the film and formed a self-protection layer in the annealing process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated the aggregation and migration of Cr in the annealing process. A further X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that Cu2O appeared when the annealing temperature reached above 350 °C, which accounts for the increase of the resistivity. Based on Al2O3 and SiO2 substrate surfaces, the Cu-0.3%Cr-0.2%Zr film also showed high conductivity and adhesion, which has a potential in the application of Cu gate electrodes for thin film transistor (TFT).
Ambiguous Results When Using the Ambiguous-Cue Paradigm to Assess Learning and Cognitive Bias in Gorillas and a Black Bear
Authors: McGuire Molly , Vonk Jennifer , Johnson-Ulrich Zoe
Published: August 2017

Cognitive bias tests are frequently used to assess affective state in nonhumans. We adapted the ambiguous-cue paradigm to assess affective states and to compare learning of reward associations in two distantly related species, an American black bear and three Western lowland gorillas. Subjects were presented with three training stimuli: one that was always rewarded (P), one that was never rewarded (N) and one that was ambiguous (A) because its reward association depended on whether it had been paired with P (PA pairing) or N (NA pairing). Differential learning of NA and PA pairs provided insight into affective state as the bear and one gorilla learned NA pairs more readily, indicating that they focused on cues of reinforcement more than cues of non-reinforcement, whereas the opposite was true of one gorilla. A third gorilla did not learn either pairings at above chance levels. Although all subjects experienced difficulty learning the pairings, we were able to assess responses to A during probe trials in the bear and one gorilla. Both responded optimistically, but it was difficult to determine whether their responses were a true reflection of affective state or were due to preferences for specific stimuli.
Insulation Strength and Decomposition Characteristics of a C6F12O and N2 Gas Mixture
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxing , Tian Shuangshuang , Xiao Song , Deng Zaitao , Li Yi , Tang Ju
Published: August 2017

This paper explores the decomposition characteristics of a new type of environmentally friendly insulating gas C6F12O and N2 mixed gas under AC voltage. The breakdown behavior of 3% C6F12O and N2 mixed gas in quasi-uniform field was investigated through a breakdown experiment. The self-recovery of the mixed gas was analyzed by 100 breakdown experiments. The decomposition products of C6F12O and N2 under breakdown voltage were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Finally, the decomposition process of the products was calculated by density functional theory, and the ionization energy, affinity, and molecular orbital gap of the decomposition products were also calculated. The properties of the decomposition products were analyzed from the aspects of insulation and environmental protection. The experimental results show that the 3% C6F12O and N2 mixed gas did not show a downward trend over 100 breakdown tests under a 0.10 MPa breakdown voltage. The decomposition products after breakdown were CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, C4F10, and C5F12. The ionization energies of several decomposition products are more than 10 eV. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) values of the main products are lower than SF6. C2F6, C3F8, and C4F10 have better insulation properties.
Nusselt Number Correlation for Vertical Tubes with Inverted Triangular Fins under Natural Convection
Authors: Kang Byeong Dong , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Dong-Kwon
Published: August 2017

Vertical tubes with inverted triangular fins under natural convection are investigated experimentally. The thermal resistances of tubes with inverted triangular fins are measured for various fin numbers, fin heights, and heat inputs. A Nusselt number correlation that best predicts the measured thermal resistances is proposed. The proposed correlation is applicable to the following conditions: Rayleigh numbers of 1000–125,000, fin height to fin length ratios of 0.2–0.6, and fin numbers of 9–72. Finally, a contour map of the thermal resistances calculated from the proposed correlation for various fin thicknesses and fin numbers is presented. The contour map shows that there exist optimal values of the fin thickness and fin number at which the thermal resistance of the inverted-triangular-finned tube is minimized. Therefore, the proposed correlation enables a search for the optimal dimensions and has potential to be used in the designing of inverted-triangular-finned tubes of various cooling devices.
Mapping Tree Density in Forests of the Southwestern USA Using Landsat 8 Data
Authors: Humagain Kamal , Portillo-Quintero Carlos , Cox Robert , Cain James
Published: August 2017

The increase of tree density in forests of the American Southwest promotes extreme fire events, understory biodiversity losses, and degraded habitat conditions for many wildlife species. To ameliorate these changes, managers and scientists have begun planning treatments aimed at reducing fuels and increasing understory biodiversity. However, spatial variability in tree density across the landscape is not well-characterized, and if better known, could greatly influence planning efforts. We used reflectance values from individual Landsat 8 bands (bands 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) and calculated vegetation indices (difference vegetation index, simple ratios, and normalized vegetation indices) to estimate tree density in an area planned for treatment in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, characterized by multiple vegetation types and a complex topography. Because different vegetation types have different spectral signatures, we derived models with multiple predictor variables for each vegetation type, rather than using a single model for the entire project area, and compared the model-derived values to values collected from on-the-ground transects. Among conifer-dominated areas (73% of the project area), the best models (as determined by corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc)) included Landsat bands 2, 3, 4, and 7 along with simple ratios, normalized vegetation indices, and the difference vegetation index (R2 values for ponderosa: 0.47, piñon-juniper: 0.52, and spruce-fir: 0.66). On the other hand, in aspen-dominated areas (9% of the project area), the best model included individual bands 4 and 2, simple ratio, and normalized vegetation index (R2 value: 0.97). Most areas dominated by ponderosa, pinyon-juniper, or spruce-fir had more than 100 trees per hectare. About 54% of the study area has medium to high density of trees (100–1000 trees/hectare), and a small fraction (4.5%) of the area has very high density (>1000 trees/hectare). Our results provide a better understanding of tree density for identifying areas in need of treatment and planning for more effective treatment. Our analysis also provides an integrated method of estimating tree density across complex landscapes that could be useful for further restoration planning.
Irregular Shelterwood Cuttings Promote Viability of European Yew Population Growing in a Managed Forest: A Case Study from the Starohorské Mountains, Slovakia
Authors: Sedmáková Denisa , Saniga Milan , Kucbel Stanislav , Pittner Ján , Kýpeťová Mariana , Jaloviar Peter , Bugala Michal , Vencurik Jaroslav , Lukáčik Ivan
Published: August 2017

The increasing probability of Taxus baccata (L.) decline given climate change brings forth many uncertainties for conservation management decisions. In this article, the authors present the effects of applying regeneration cuttings since the year 2000 on the viability of the understory yew population. By collecting data from a stand located at the centre of the largest population of European yew in Slovakia, containing approximately 160,000 individuals, and analysing tree-ring records from 38 sampled trees, the improved performance of yews, including stem growth, seed production, and number of regenerated individuals, was revealed. Thinning the canopy by removing 15% of the growing stock volume per decade, combined with the subsequent irregular shelterwood cuttings, was assessed as a useful strategy. Moreover, lower radial growth of females compared to males, but simultaneously their similar response to climate, suggests a possible trade-off between reproduction and growth. Release cuttings of up to 30% of the standing volume in the vicinity of the female trees, executed in the rainy summers following warmer winters, and consistent elimination of deer browsing, can further enhance the positive effects of applied cuts on yew viability. Overall, the suggested active measures could be considered as an effective option to preserve the unique biodiversity of calcareous beech-dominated forests in Central Europe.
An Analysis of Non-State and State Approaches for Forest Certification in Mexico
Authors: García-Montiel Emily , Cubbage Frederick , Rojo-Alboreca Alberto , Lujan-Álvarez Concepción , Montiel-Antuna Eusebio , Corral-Rivas José
Published: August 2017

Mexico has had a non-state forest certification system under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) since it was initiated in 1993, and developed a new state-sponsored Mexican Forest Certification System (MFCS) that began in 2008. Several analyses have been made of FSC forest certification in Mexico, but none have summarized the new MFCS system or compared its standards with FSC. We compare the implementation of the non-state FSC market forest certification with the state-sponsored MFCS system in Mexico, and review literature on forest certification, focusing on all studies in Mexico. MFCS has had substantial enrollment of more than 902,802 ha by 2016, compared to 900,388 ha for the more-established FSC program. MFCS can be acceptable for stand-alone forest certification, and might be viewed as a stepwise path to FSC certification. The merits of both systems are analyzed in terms of standard content, likely sustainable forestry practices, access to markets, and community forestry enterprises.
Fumed and Precipitated Hydrophilic Silica Suspension Gels in Mineral Oil: Stability and Rheological Properties
Authors: Sugino Yoshiki , Kawaguchi Masami
Published: August 2017

Hydrophilic fumed silica (FS) and precipitated silica (PS) powders were suspended in mineral oil; increasing the silica volume fraction (φ in the suspension led to the formation of sol, pre-gel, and gel states. Gelation took place at lower φ values in the FS than the PS suspension because of the lower silanol density on the FS surface. The shear stresses and dynamic moduli of the FS and PS suspensions were measured as a function of φ. Plots of the apparent shear viscosity against shear rate depended on φ and the silica powder. The FS suspensions in the gel state exhibited shear thinning, followed by a weak shear thickening or by constant viscosity with an increasing shear rate. In contrast, the PS suspensions in the gel state showed shear thinning, irrespective of φ. The dynamic moduli of the pre-gel and gel states were dependent on the surface silanol density: at a fixed φ, the storage modulus G′ in the linear viscoelasticity region was larger for the FS than for the PS suspension. Beyond the linear region, the G′ of the PS suspensions showed strain hardening and the loss modulus G″ of the FS and PS suspensions exhibited weak strain overshoot.