bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The arterial supply of the patellar tendon: Anatomical study with clinical implications for knee surgery
Authors: Pang Jack , Shen Sarah , Pan Wei Ren , Jones Ian R. , Rozen Warren M. , Taylor G. Ian
Published: January 2009

The middle‐third of the patellar tendon (PT) is well‐established as a potential graft for cruciate ligament reconstruction, but there is little anatomical basis for its use. Although studies on PT vascular anatomy have focused on the risk to tendon pedicles from surgical approaches and knee pathophysiology, the significance of its blood supply to grafting has not been adequately explored previously. This investigation explores both the intrinsic and extrinsic arterial anatomy of the PT, as relevant to the PT graft. Ten fresh cadaveric lower limbs underwent angiographic injection of the common femoral artery with radio‐opaque lead oxide. Each tendon was carefully dissected, underwent plain radiography and subsequently schematically reconstructed. The PT demonstrated a well‐developed and consistent vascularity from three main sources: antero‐proximally, mainly by the inferior‐lateral genicular artery; antero‐distally via a choke‐anastomotic arch between the anterior tibial recurrent and inferior medial genicular arteries; and posteriorly via the retro‐patellar anastomotic arch in Hoffa's fat pad. Two patterns of pedicles formed this arch: inferior‐lateral and descending genicular arteries (Type‐I); superior‐lateral, inferior‐lateral, and superior‐medial genicular arteries (Type‐II). Both types supplied the posterior PT, with the majority of vessels descending to its middle‐third. The middle‐third PT has a richer intrinsic vascularity, which may enhance its ingrowth as a graft, and supports its conventional use in cruciate ligament reconstruction. The pedicles supplying the PT are endangered during procedures where Hoffa's fat pad is removed including certain techniques of PT harvest and total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Anat. 22:371–376, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three muscles in the upper costovertebral region: Description and clinical anatomy
Authors: Darwish Hassem H. , Ibrahim Ahmed F.
Published: January 2009

The aim of the study was to describe three small muscles in the upper costovertebral region that have close proximity to the ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper two thoracic spinal nerves. The study was performed using both anterior and posterior approaches to the costovertebral region. Twenty‐five human cadavers, 15 males and 10 females with a mean age of 50 years and with normal spines, constituted the material of the study. Dissection revealed the presence of three triangular muscles that extended from the transverse processes of the seventh cervical through second thoracic vertebrae to the upper borders of the necks of the first through third ribs, respectively. The second and third muscles are described and reported for the first time. The ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper two thoracic spinal nerves emerged through narrow gaps between the described muscles and the bodies of seventh cervical and upper two thoracic vertebrae, respectively. The lateral branch of the dorsal ramus of the corresponding spinal nerve issued posteriorly between the muscle and the articular capsule of the zygapophyseal joint. It then curved round the posterior aspect of the muscle and passed through the gap between the muscle and the levator costarum, after supplying them both. We suggest that these three muscles were suggested to share a common embryogenesis with the intertransverse muscles. In addition, this study suggests that the three muscles described herein could be one of the potential causes of thoracic outlet syndrome. Clin. Anat. 22:352–357, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Conductivity of Nanostructured Hybrid Materials Designed from Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and Kaolinite.
Authors: Letaief Sadok , Diaco Thomas , Pell Wendy , Gorelsky Serge I. , Detellier Christian
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth of Two New Photoluminescent Oxides: Sr3Li6Nb2O11 and Sr3Li6Ta2O11.
Authors: Bharathy M. , Rassolov V. A. , Park S. , zur Loye H.‐C.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Epoxidation, Michael Addition, and Triple Cascade Reaction Using Polymer‐Supported Prolinol‐Based Auxiliaries.
Authors: Varela Michael C. , Dixon Seth M. , Lam Kit S. , Schore Neil E.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocatalytic Enantioselective anti‐Mannich Reaction of Aldehydes with in situ Generated N‐Cbz and N‐Boc Imines.
Authors: Gianelli Chiara , Sambri Letizia , Carlone Armando , Bartoli Giuseppe , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 3‐Pyrazolyl‐thiophene, Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as New Bioactive and Pharmacological Activities.
Authors: Hafez H. N. , El‐Gazzar A. B. A.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation and Vinylation of Alkenes Based on Unusual Sequential Semipinacol Rearrangement/Grob Fragmentation of Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Yuan Dao‐Yi , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Fan Chun‐An
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Ruthenium Nanoparticles Stabilized on Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide by Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Kantam M. Lakshmi , Reddy R. Sudarshan , Pal Ujjwal , Sreedhar B. , Bhargava S.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Thioacetates Using Benzyltriethylammonium Tetrathiomolybdate and Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: Baig R. B. Nasir , Sudhir V. Sai , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzylic C—H Bonds with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Borduas Nadine , Powell David A.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct C—C Cross‐Coupling of Alcohols at the β‐Position with Aldehydes under Co‐Promotion of Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium Chloride/Boron Trifluoride Etherate.
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Yu , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Fan Chun‐An , Jiang Yi‐Jun , Shi Lei , Cao Ke
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Meyer—Schuster Reactions: Methodology for the Olefination of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Engel Douglas A. , Lopez Susana S. , Dudley Gregory B.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium Complex Catalyzed Allylation of Acetals with Allyltrimethylsilane.
Authors: Nishiyama Yutaka , Shimoura Keiko , Sonoda Noboru
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl Vinyl Ether as a Synthetic Equivalent of Acetylene in a DABCO‐Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted Diels—Alder—Elimination Reaction Sequence Starting from 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Kranjc Kristof , Kocevar Marijan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Racemic Substituted Mandelic Acid Esters from Nonactivated Arenes and Ethyl Glyoxylate.
Authors: Kwiatkowski Jacek , Majer Jakub , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Jurczak Janusz
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Tosylates Catalyzed by an Array of Indolyl Phosphine—Palladium Catalysts.
Authors: So Chau Ming , Lau Chak Po , Chan Albert S. C. , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Family of Tunable Indolylphosphine Ligands by One‐Pot Assembly and Their Applications in Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Chlorides
Authors: So Chau Ming , Yeung Chung Chiu , Lau Chak Po , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Arenesulfonates with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wu Jie
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Cycloaddition of Disubstituted Ketenes with 2‐Oxoaldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: He Lin , Lv Hui , Zhang Yan‐Rong , Ye Song
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Amines with o‐Acetylenyl‐Substituted Phenyldiazoacetates.
Authors: Peng Cheng , Cheng Jiajia , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Alkylidene α,β‐Unsaturated δ‐Lactones by Ring‐Closing Metathesis: Application to the Synthesis of the C1—C8 Subunit of Biselide E.
Authors: Salit Anne‐Frederique , Barbazanges Marion , Miege Frederic , Larraufie Marie‐Helene , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophile‐Induced Domino Cyclization Reaction for the Synthesis of 2,2a,10,11‐Tetrahydrofuro[2′,4′:4,6]pyrano[2,3‐b]quinolines.
Authors: Singh Bhawana , Chandra Atish , Upadhyay Shraddha , Singh Radhey M. , Puerta M. C. , Valerga Pedro
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Piperidones and 4‐Piperidols Using a Double Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Chan Yinman , Guthmann Holger , Brimble Margaret A. , Barker David
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Polynitrogen‐Fused Tricycles via a Nitrene‐Mediated N—N Bond Formation under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Nyffenegger Coralie , Pasquinet Eric , Suzenet Franck , Poullain Didier , Jarry Christian , Leger Jean‐Michel , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydro‐4aH‐benzo[c]isoquino[1,2‐t]pyrrolo[1,2‐a] [1,6]naphthyridines.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Karimi Elham
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Counteranion‐Accelerated RhIOAc‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroboration of Vinylarenes.
Authors: Endo Kohei , Hirokami Munenao , Shibata Takanori
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Originally Assigned Structure of Vannusal B.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Zhang Hongjun , Ortiz Adrian , Dagneau Philippe
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Templating Strategies with Salen Scaffolds (Salen: N,N′‐Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine Dianion).
Authors: Kleij Arjan W.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diol‐Type Ligands as Central ′Players′ in the Chemistry of High‐Spin Molecules and Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Tasiopoulos Anastasios J. , Perlepes Spyros P.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 99m‐Technetium Carbohydrate Conjugates as Potential Agents in Molecular Imaging
Authors: Bowen Meryn L. , Orvig Chris
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Heteroatom Functionalization
Authors: Marigo Mauro , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminosugars: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Compain Philippe , Martin Olivier R.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Light Touch Catalyzes Asymmetric Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation
Authors: Renaud Philippe , Leong Paul
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glycosylated Neurotensin Analogues Exhibit Sub‐picomolar Anticonvulsant Potency in a Pharmacoresistant Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Lee Hee‐Kyoung , Zhang Liuyin , Smith Misty D. , White H. Steve , Bulaj Grzegorz
Published: January 2009

The glycosylation of neuroactive peptidesis a promising strategy to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Herein we investigated the effects of site‐specific glycosylation of neurotensin (NT). The glycosylated analogues have low‐nanomolar affinities and agonist activities toward NTS1, and suppress seizures with sub‐picomolar potency. Our work points to a new research direction of exploring BBB‐permeable NT analogues as potential first‐in‐class antiepileptic drugs.

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Neurotensin (NT) is an endogenous neuropeptide involved in a variety of central and peripheral neuromodulatory effects. Herein we show the effects of site‐specific glycosylation on the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of this neuropeptide. NT analogues containing O‐linked disaccharides (β‐melibiose and α‐TF antigen) or β‐lactose units linked by a PEG3spacer were designed and chemically synthesized using Fmoc chemistry. For the latter analogue, Fmoc‐Glu‐(β‐Lac‐PEG3‐amide) was prepared. Our results indicate that the addition of the disaccharides does not negatively affect the sub‐nanomolar affinity or the low‐nanomolar agonist potency for the neurotensin receptor subtype 1 (NTS1). Interestingly, three glycosylated analogues exhibited sub‐picomolar potency in the 6 Hz limbic seizure mouse model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy following intracerebroventricular administration. Our results suggest for the first time that chemically modified NT analogues may lead to novel antiepileptic therapies.
Postmastectomy radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Jagsi Reshma , Abrahamse Paul , Morrow Monica , Griggs Jennifer J. , Schwartz Kendra , Katz Steven J.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Given accumulating evidence supporting postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in selected patients, it is important to evaluate patterns and correlates of PMRT utilization, including communication and attitudinal factors.

METHODS:

The authors surveyed 2382 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in 2002 and reported to the Los Angeles and Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries (n=1844, 77.4% response rate). Analyses were restricted to patients with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer treated by mastectomy who had decided whether or not to undergo PMRT (n=396). The authors assessed rates of explanation, recommendation, and receipt of radiation by indication grouping, defined primarily by the 2001 American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines. They evaluated correlates of PMRT receipt, including tumor and sociodemographic characteristics. They also explored patients' self‐reported reasons for nonreceipt of PMRT.

RESULTS:

The adjusted proportion in each indication group reporting that a provider had explained radiation was high (77% of those in whom PMRT was indicated, 76% of those in whom medical opinion was divided, and 73% of those in whom PMRT was not indicated; P = .10). The adjusted proportions reporting recommendations for radiation (86%, 35%, and 17%, respectively) and receipt (81%, 34%, and 10%, respectively) varied significantly by indication grouping (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, tumor size (P < .001), lymph node status (P < .001), comorbidity (P = .02), and chemotherapy receipt (P = .003) were found to be independent significant correlates of PMRT receipt. The most common reasons cited for not pursuing PMRT were lack of physician recommendation and perceived lack of need.

CONCLUSIONS:

PMRT receipt is strongly correlated with clinical indication. The authors found no sociodemographic disparities in utilization. However, approximately one‒fifth of patients with strong indications did not receive treatment. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Loss of heterozygosities in Barrett esophagus, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma detected by esophageal brushing cytology and gastroesophageal biopsy
Authors: Lin Xiaoqi , Finkelstein Sydney D. , Zhu Bing , Ujevich Beth J. , Silverman Jan. F.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Esophageal brushing cytology (EBC) and gastroesophageal biopsy (GEB) are complementary procedures for the evaluation of gastroesophageal lesions that help guide surveillance and treatment.

METHODS:

The authors investigated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 17 microsatellite repeat markers near tumor suppressor genes in gastroesophageal lesions on 34 concomitant EBCs and GEBs.

RESULTS:

The results indicated that there was progressive accumulation of LOHs toward malignant transformation. EBC samples a greater area than GEB, and more LOHs are detected by EBC than GEB. The combination of cytomorphology and detection of LOHs can improve diagnostic accuracy and is a more useful methodology with which to evaluate gastroesophageal lesions than either EBC or GEB alone. The authors also found that LOHs at 1p36, 9p21, and 17p13 may play an important role in Barrett esophagus (BE), LOHs at 10q23, 17p13, and 17q12 in low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), LOHs at 5q23 and 17q21 in high‐grade dysplasia (HGD), and LOHs at 5q23 and 21q22 in adenocarcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS:

Detection of LOHs targeting tumor suppressor genes can be useful in evaluating gastroesophageal lesions, studying oncogenesis of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, and, in combination with EBC and GEB, determining surveillance for BE and LGD and/or treatment for HGD and adenocarcinoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Mid‐IR Spectroscopy and Structural Features of Protonated Carbonic Acid in the Gas Phase
Authors: Chiavarino Barbara , Crestoni Maria Elisa , Fornarini Simonetta , Lanucara Francesco , Lemaire Joel , Maitre Philippe
Published: January 2009

An anti trihydroxycarbenium ion is revealed to be the gas‐phase structure of protonated carbonic acid by IR multiple‐photon dissociation spectroscopy (see picture for calculated structure and comparison of experimental and computed spectra). Deprotonation yields anti‐H2CO3 with a nominal gas‐phase basicity of 724 kJ mol−1.

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Accuracy of Thinprep Imaging System in detecting atypical glandular cells
Authors: Jayamohan Yasodah , Karabakhtsian Rouzan G. , Banks Helen W. , Davey Diane D.
Published: January 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the ThinPrep Imaging System (Imager) in detecting atypical glandular cells (AGC) or adenocarcinoma in the 22 selected fields.

All cases reported as AGC or adenocarcinoma from January 2005 to December 2006 that had been initially screened by the Imager were retrospectively reviewed to determine whether the most diagnostically relevant groups/cells were within the 22 selected fields. A total of 39 cases were reviewed. The cases were divided into two groups: the group with diagnostic cells detected within the 22 selected fields (accurately detected group) and the group with upgraded diagnosis following rescreening process (underdetected group).

The Imager accurately detected 32 (82%) of cases with abnormal glandular cells, including six cases reported as adenocarcinoma, one case as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and 25 cases as AGC. In seven (18%) cases, the Imager failed to detect the most abnormal cells within the 22 selected fields. Among these, one case was adenocarcinoma, while the rest were reported as AGC. Overall, four cases were assessed as atypical during quality control (QC) rescreening even though the Imager detected abnormal groups in most. Fourteen of 32 cases had abnormalities proven by histologic follow‐up.

Overall, the Imager was effective in detecting most AGC, AIS and invasive adenocarcinomas. In a minority (18%) of cases, the Imager failed to detect the cells of interest within the 22 selected fields. However, full manual review of cases with potential atypical/reactive groups or endometrial groups in women ≥ 40 and QC rescreening of selected cases may help to minimize the underdetected cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weathering the escarpment: chemical and physical rates and processes, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Burke Benjamin C. , Heimsath Arjun M. , Dixon Jean L. , Chappell John , Yoo Kyungsoo
Published: January 2009

Differences in chemical weathering extent and character are expected to exist across topographic escarpments due to spatial gradients of climatic and/or tectonic forcing. The passive margin escarpment of south‐eastern Australia has a debated but generally accepted model of propagation in which it retreated (within 40 Ma) to near its current position following rifting between Australia and New Zealand 85–100 Ma before present. We focus on this escarpment to quantify chemical weathering rates and processes and how they may provide insight into scarp evolution and retreat. We compare chemical weathering extents and rates above and below the escarpment using a mass balance approach coupling major and trace element analyses with previous measurements of denudation rates using cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 26Al). We find a slight gradient in saprolite chemical weathering rate as a percentage of total weathering rate across the escarpment. The lowlands area, encompassing the region extending from the base of the escarpment to the coast, experiences a greater extent of chemical weathering than the highland region above the escarpment. Percents of denudation attributable to saprolite weathering average 57 ± 6% and 47 ± 7% at low and high sites respectively. Furthermore, the chemical index of alteration (CIA), a ratio of immobile to mobile oxides in granitic material that increases with weathering extent, have corresponding average values of 73·7 ± 3·9 and 65·5 ± 3·4, indicating lower extents of weathering above the escarpment. Finally, we quantify variations in the rates and extent of chemical weathering at the hillslope scale across the escarpment to suggest new insight into how climate differences and hillslope topography help drive landscape evolution, potentially overprinting longer term tectonic forcing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strength of prefrontal activation predicts intensity of suggestion‐induced pain
Authors: Raij Tuukka T. , Numminen Jussi , Närvänen Sakari , Hiltunen Jaana , Hari Riitta
Published: January 2009

Suggestion, a powerful factor in everyday social interaction, is most effective during hypnosis. Subjective evaluations and brain‐imaging findings converge to propose that hypnotic suggestion strongly modulates sensory processing. To reveal the brain regions that mediate such a modulation, we analyzed data from a functional‐magnetic‐resonance‐imaging study on hypnotic‐suggestion‐induced pain on 14 suggestible subjects. Activation strengths in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during initiation of suggestion for pain correlated positively with the subjective intensity of the subsequent suggestion‐induced pain, as well as with the strengths of the maximum pain‐related activation in the in the secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex. Furthermore, activation of the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex predicted the pain‐related SII activation. The right DLPFC, as an area important for executive functions, likely contributes to functional modulation in the modality‐specific target areas of given suggestions. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of the caudal anterior cingulate cortex due to task‐related interference in an auditory Stroop paradigm
Authors: Haupt Sven , Axmacher Nikolai , Cohen Michael X. , Elger Christian E. , Fell Juergen
Published: January 2009

Successful information processing requires the focusing of attention on a certain stimulus property and the simultaneous suppression of irrelevant information. The Stroop task is a useful paradigm to study such attentional top‐down control in the presence of interference. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of an auditory Stroop task using fMRI. Subjects focused either on tone pitch (relatively high or low; phonetic task) or on the meaning of a spoken word (high/low/good; semantic task), while ignoring the other stimulus feature. We differentiated between task‐related (phonetic incongruent vs. semantic incongruent) and sensory‐level interference (phonetic incongruent vs. phonetic congruent). Task‐related interference activated similar regions as in visual Stroop tasks, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the presupplementary motor‐area (pre‐SMA). More specifically, we observed that the very caudal/posterior part of the ACC was activated and not the dorsal/anterior region. Because identical stimuli but different task demands are compared in this contrast, it reflects conflict at a relatively high processing level. A more conventional contrast between incongruent and congruent phonetic trials was associated with a different cluster in the pre‐SMA/ACC which was observed in a large number of previous studies. Finally, functional connectivity analysis revealed that activity within the regions activated in the phonetic incongruent vs. semantic incongruent contrast was more strongly interrelated during semantically vs. phonetically incongruent trials. Taken together, we found (besides activation of regions well‐known from visual Stroop tasks) activation of the very caudal and posterior part of the ACC due to task‐related interference in an auditory Stroop task. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide acts via multiple signal pathways to regulate hippocampal NMDA receptors and synaptic transmission
Authors: Yang Kai , Trepanier Catherine H. , Li Hongbin , Beazely Michael A. , Lerner Ethan A. , Jackson Michael F. , MacDonald John F.
Published: January 2009

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28‐amino acid peptide, which belongs to a superfamily of structurally related peptide hormones including pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although several studies have identified the involvement of PACAP in learning and memory, little work has been done to investigate such a role for VIP. At least three receptors for VIP have been identified including the PACAP receptor (PAC1‐R) and the two VIP receptors (VPAC receptors). VIP can activate the PAC1‐R only if it is used at relatively high concentrations (e.g., 100 nM); however, at lower concentrations (e.g., 1 nM) it is selective for the VPAC receptors. Our lab has showed that PAC1‐R activation signals through PKC/CAKβ/Src pathway to regulate NMDA receptors; however, there is little known about the potential regulation of NMDA receptors by VPAC receptors. Our studies demonstrated that application of 1 nM VIP enhanced NMDA currents by stimulating the VPAC receptors as the effect was blocked by VPAC receptor antagonist [Ac‐Tyr1, D‐Phe2]GRF (1–29). This enhancement of NMDA currents was blocked by both Rp‐cAMPS and PKI14–22(they are highly specific PKA inhibitors), but not by the specific PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I. In addition, the VIP‐induced enhancement of NMDA currents was accentuated by inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4, which inhibits the degradation of cAMP. This regulation of NMDA receptors also required the scaffolding protein AKAP. In contrast, the potentiation induced by high concentration of VIP (e.g., 100 nM) was mediated by PAC1‐R as well as by Src kinase. Overall, these results show that VIP can regulate NMDA receptors through different receptors and signaling pathways. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrilysin (MMP‐7) cleaves C‐type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A) on tumor cell surface and modulates its cell adhesion activity
Authors: Tsunezumi Jun , Higashi Shouichi , Miyazaki Kaoru
Published: January 2009

Matrilysin (MMP‐7) plays important roles in tumor progression. Previous studies have suggested that MMP‐7 binds to tumor cell surface and promotes their metastatic potential. In this study, we identified C‐type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A) as a membrane‐bound substrate of MMP‐7. Although this protein is known to be expressed specifically in cartilage, its message was found in normal breast and breast cancer tissues as well as breast and colon cancer cell lines. Because few studies have been done on CLEC3A, we overexpressed its recombinant protein in human cancer cells. CLEC3A was found in the cell membrane, extracellular matrix (ECM), and culture medium of the CLEC3A‐expressing cells. CLEC3A has a basic sequence in the NH2‐terminal domain and showed a strong heparin‐binding activity. MMP‐7 cleaved the 20‐kDa CLEC3A protein, dividing it to a 15‐kDa COOH‐terminal fragment and an NH2‐terminal fragment with the basic sequence. The 15‐kDa fragment no longer had heparin‐binding activity. Treatment of the CLEC3A‐expressing cells with MMP‐7 released the 15‐kDa CLEC3A into the culture supernatant. Furthermore, the 20‐kDa CLEC3A promoted cell adhesion to laminin‐332 and fibronectin substrates, but this activity was abrogated by the cleavage by MMP‐7. These results suggest that CLEC3A binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on cell surface, leading to the enhancement of cell adhesion to integrin ligands on ECM. It can be speculated that the cleavage of CLEC3A by MMP‐7 weakens the stable adhesion of tumor cells to the matrix and promotes their migration in tumor microenvironments. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 693–702, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of cell–cell contacts induces NF‐κB via RhoA‐mediated activation of protein kinase D1
Authors: Cowell Catherine F. , Yan Irene K. , Eiseler Tim , Leightner Amanda C. , Döppler Heike , Storz Peter
Published: January 2009

Cell–cell contacts mediated by cadherins are known to inhibit the small Rho‐GTPase RhoA. We here show that in epithelial cells the disruption of these cell–cell contacts as mediated by a calcium switch leads to actin re‐organization and the activation of RhoA. We identified the serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D1 (PKD1) as a downstream target for RhoA in this pathway. After disruption of cell–cell contacts, PKD1 relayed RhoA activation to the induction of the transcription factor NF‐κB. We found that a signaling complex composed of the kinases ROCK, novel protein kinase C (nPKC), and Src family kinases (SFKs) is upstream of PKD1 and crucial for RhoA‐mediated NF‐κB activation. In conclusion, our data suggest a previously undescribed signaling pathway of how RhoA is activated by loss of cell–cell adhesions and by which it mediates the activation of NF‐κB. We propose that this pathway is of relevance for epithelial tumor cell biology, where loss of cell–cell contacts has been implicated in regulating cell survival and motility. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 714–728, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secretory products from human adipocytes stimulate proinflammatory cytokine secretion from human endothelial cells
Authors: Sommer Grit , Kralisch Susan , Stangl Verena , Vietzke Angelika , Köhler Uwe , Stepan Holger , Faber Renaldo , Schubert Andreas , Lössner Ulrike , Bluher Matthias , Stumvoll Michael , Fasshauer Mathias
Published: January 2009

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of fat cells can be found in obesity and increased adiposity is associated with endothelial dysfunction as an early event of atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether human adipocytes directly influence endothelial protein secretion. To study the crosstalk between fat and endothelial cells, human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in infranatants (Adipo) of primary differentiated human adipocytes. Interestingly, significantly increased secretion of 23 cytokines and chemokines from HUVECs was detected in four independent experiments after Adipo stimulation by protein array analysis detecting a total of 174 different proteins. Among those, time‐dependent Adipo‐induced upregulation of cytokine secretion in HUVECs was confirmed by ELISA for interleukin (IL)‐8, monokine induced by gamma interferon, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1β, MIP‐3α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and IL‐6. Factors besides adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor α appear to mediate these stimulatory effects. Our findings suggest that endothelial cell secretion is significantly influenced towards a proinflammatory pattern by adipocyte‐secreted factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 729–737, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic location analysis by ChIP‐Seq
Authors: Barski Artem , Zhao Keji
Published: January 2009

The interaction of a multitude of transcription factors and other chromatin proteins with the genome can influence gene expression and subsequently cell differentiation and function. Thus systematic identification of binding targets of transcription factors is key to unraveling gene regulation networks. The recent development of ChIP‐Seq has revolutionized mapping of DNA–protein interactions. Now protein binding can be mapped in a truly genome‐wide manner with extremely high resolution. This review discusses ChIP‐Seq technology, its possible pitfalls, data analysis and several early applications. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 11–18, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Researching community‐based support networks: what policymakers should know
Authors: Dadich Ann
Published: January 2009

Self‐help support groups (SHSGs) have a valuable role in civic society. However, it is difficult to measure their value through sole use of the positivist approaches that interest policymakers. This is because SHSGs are consumer‐driven and voluntary. Thus, they cannot be regulated by research agendas or prescribed like treatment. Although social policy has an important role in the use and availability of SHSGs, the author argues that social policy research in this field needs to demonstrate paradigmatic plurality, finding balance between positivism and participatory practices. This involves engaging with group participants to identify indicators that measure group activities and impacts; appropriate research methods; and suitable timeframes. Only through paradigmatic plurality will social policy fulfill its role in enhancing community well‐being. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trend patterns in global sea surface temperature
Authors: Barbosa Susana M. , Andersen Ole B.
Published: January 2009

Isolating long‐term trend in sea surface temperature (SST) from El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) variability is fundamental for climate studies. In the present study, trend‐empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, a robust space‐time method for extracting trend patterns, is applied to isolate low‐frequency variability from time series of SST anomalies for the 1982–2006 period. The first derived trend pattern reflects a systematic decrease in SST during the 25‐year period in the equatorial Pacific and an increase in most of the global ocean. The second trend pattern reflects mainly ENSO variability in the Pacific Ocean. The examination of the contribution of these low‐frequency modes to the globally averaged SST fluctuations indicates that they are able to account for most (>90%) of the variability observed in global mean SST. Trend‐EOFs perform better than conventional EOFs when the interest is on low‐frequency rather than on maximum variance patterns, particularly for short time series such as the ones resulting from satellite retrievals. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Efficacy of colistin‐impregnated beads to prevent multidrug‐resistant A. baumannii implant‐associated osteomyelitis
Authors: Crane Daniel P. , Gromov Kirill , Li Dan , Søballe Kjeld , Wahnes Christian , Büchner Hubert , Hilton Matthew J. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Murray Clinton K. , Schwarz Edward M.
Published: January 2009

Osteomyelitis (OM) from multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter has emerged in >30% of combat‐related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan. While most of these strains are sensitive to colistin, the drug is not availible in bone void fillers for local high‐dose delivery. To address this, we developed a mouse model with MDR strains isolated from wounded military personnel. In contrast to S. aureus OM, which is osteolytic and characterized by biofilm in necrotic bone, A. baumannii OM results in blastic lesions that do not contain apparent biofilm. We also found that mice mount a specific IgG response against three proteins (40, 47, and 56 kDa) regardless of the strain used, suggesting that these may be immuno‐dominant antigens. PCR for the A. baumannii‐specific parC gene confirmed a 100% infection rate with 75% of the MDR strains, and in vitro testing confirmed that all strains were sensitive to colistin. We also developed a real‐time quantitative PCR (RTQ‐PCR) assay that could detect as few as 10 copies of parC in a sample. To demonstrate the efficacy of colistin prophylaxis in this model, mice were treated with either parenteral colistin (0.2 mg colistinmethate i.m. for 7 days), local colistin (PMMA bead impregnated with 1.0 mg colistin sulfate), or an unloaded PMMA bead control. While the parenteral colistin failed to demonstrate any significant effects versus the placebo, the colistin PMMA bead significantly reduced the infection rate such that only 29.2% of the mice had detectable levels of parC at 19 days (p < 0.05 vs. i.m. colistin and placebo). © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 1008–1015, 2009
Serum cholesterol levels and the risk of multiple system atrophy: A case‐control study
Authors: Lee Phil Hyu , Lim Tae Sung , Shin Hae‐Won , Yong Seok Woo , Nam Hyo Suk , Sohn Young H.
Published: January 2009

Cholesterol in brain membranes may modulate the conformational state and accumulation of α‐synuclein in α‐synucleinopathies.We examined the association between serum cholesterol and the risk of multiple system atrophy (MSA), one of the α‐synucleinopathies. We enrolled 142 patients with probable MSA from two tertiary referral hospitals and 155 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy people with no neurological disease. The levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were significantly lower in MSA patients than in controls (total cholesterol: 172.7 vs. 196.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001; LDL‐C: 104.0 vs. 115.3 mg/dL, P = 0.001; HDL‐C: 47.3 vs. 54.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, use of cholesterol‐lowering drugs, and histories of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, the odds ratios was 5.9 (95% CI = 2.3–11.5, P < 0.001) for MSA patients in the lowest quartile of total cholesterol and 2.6 (95% CI = 1.2–5.5, P = 0.016) for those in the lowest quartile of HDL‐C, compared with the highest quartiles. Levels of serum cholesterol did not significantly correlate with disease duration or severity. Our data suggest that lower levels of total cholesterol and HDL may be associated with an increased risk of MSA. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
NMR assignments and histone specificity of the ING2 PHD finger
Authors: Peña Pedro V. , Musselman Catherine A. , Kuo Alex J. , Gozani Or , Kutateladze Tatiana G.
Published: January 2009

The ING2 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is recruited to the nucleosome through specific binding to histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). Here, we describe backbone and side chain assignments of the ING2 PHD finger, analyze its binding to the unmodified and modified histone and p53 peptides, and map the histone H3 and H3K4me3 binding sites based on chemical shift perturbation analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.