bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Shavlovskaya O. A. , Zolotovskaya I. A. , Prokofyeva Yu. S.
Published: October 2020

Biological ageing is a process that changes living systems over time, causing impairments in their structure and function. Studying the individual biomarkers of ageing is regarded as the most plausible current theory of age-related inflammatory processes (inflammageing). According to this theory, slightly pronounced chronic aseptic inflammation develops during ageing, which is the basis for the pathogenesis of age-related syndromes and diseases. A key role in implementing different cellular interactions and in regulating the type of an inflammatory response is assigned to the cytokine status (nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6) in an elderly patient with age-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM), developed in the altered background. Anti-inflammatory drugs include chondroitin sulfate (CS) that, in addition to directly affecting the severity of pain syndrome in OA, also has a modulating effect on the level of systemic inflammation. Pharmaceutical CS plays an important role in tissue remodeling, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, apoptosis, activation and deactivation of chemokines and cytokines, by increasing the synthesis of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans, by suppressing the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-1, and IL-6 and the expression of cytokines and NF-κB. CS belongs to anti-aging drugs.
B vitamins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: the efficacy of the combination for nonspecific back pain
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Golovacheva A. A.
Published: October 2020

Back pain significantly affects quality of life in patients. Therapy for acute and chronic nonspecific back pain (NBS) includes non-drug and drug treatments. The non-drug treatment includes educational conversations with a patient, recommendations to maintain an active lifestyle, therapeutic exercises, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness. Manual therapy and injections of anesthetics into the area of tender joints may be prescribed. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for drug treatment of acute and chronic NBS. Antidepressants may be prescribed for chronic pain and depression symptoms. B vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin) can be considered as adjuvant analgesics in NBS. The results of animal experimental studies have shown that B vitamins at high doses have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical studies, a systematic review, and a meta-analysis published in 2020 demonstrated the safety and advantages of combination therapy with NSAIDs and B vitamins over NSAID monotherapy in the treatment of acute NBS and exacerbations of chronic NBS. The addition of B vitamins to NSAIDs can reduce the duration of treatment by 2 times. By reducing the duration of pharmacotherapy, the risk of adverse reactions to NSAIDs decreases and the patient returns to daily activities more quickly. It is advisable to conduct further, larger studies of combined pharmacotherapy for NBS.
The positive and negative effects of using transdermal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: chemoreactome analysis
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Grishina T. R. , Semenov V. A.
Published: October 2020

Transdermal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are actively used for mild and moderate pain syndrome, muscle contusions and sprains, sports injuries, and the widest range of musculoskeletal diseases. The transdermal administration of NSAIDs aims to create sufficiently high drug concentrations in the lesion focus, provided that the side effects associated with its systemic action are maximally reduced.

Objective: to comparatively simulate the effects of transdermal NSAIDs.

Material and methods. Chemoreactome profiling of six NSAIDs (meloxicam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, nimesulide, and dexketoprofen) was performed. The pharmacological capabilities of molecules were analyzed within the framework of a chemoreactome methodology, by comparing the chemical structure of the studied molecule with those of millions of other molecules, the pharmacological properties of which had already been studied in experimental and clinical studies. Training the artificial intelligence algorithms based on the big data available in in the databases PubChem/PHARMGKB, HMDB, STRING, and others was done with multi-level training quality control in the cross validation framework according to the combinatorial theory of solvability and the theory of feature value classification.

Results and discussion. Meloxicam versus other NSAIDs accumulates primarily in the muscles and skin and, to a much lesser extent, in heart tissues, lymphocytes, gonads, and cartilage. This drug showed the greatest dose-dependent decongestant effect in the model of edema induced by croton oil. Analysis of the systemic effects of NSAIDs indicated that meloxicam might affect the metabolism of vitamins A, D, PP, and B6 to a lesser extent than other NSAIDs.

Conclusion. The chemoreactomе analysis has demonstrated that meloxicam as a gel causing minimal side effects can be used effectively and long.
Chemotranscriptome analysis of the ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate molecule in the context of postgenomic pharmacology
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Sorokin A. I. , Semenov V. A. , Stakhovskaya L. V.
Published: October 2020

Postgenomic pharmacology deals with the desirable and undesirable effects of drugs in relation to the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and reactome. The transcriptomic activity of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (EMHPS) has not been previously characterized.

Objective: to investigate the dose-dependent effects of EMHPS on the transcription of 12,700 annotated human genes in the neural progenitor cells (NPC.TAK cell line).

Material and methods. The paper presents the results of chemotranscriptome analysis of the EMHPS molecule from the point of view of its impact on transcription of the human genome in the NPC.TAK line cells during 24-hour incubation of cells with EMHPS.

Results and discussion. The significant dose-dependent effects of EMHPS on transcription (on average, ≥10% transcription changes for each 1 μmol/L of EMHPS) were evaluated for 2,400 of the 12,700 annotated human genes. EMHPS reduced the transcription of groups of the genes that were involved in cell division (n = 226), those in gene expression processes (n = 122), and those in protein synthesis, degradation, and secretion (n = 123). EMHPS increased the transcription of the genes encoding proteins involved in neurotransmission (n = 103) and those in exerting neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects (n = 49).

Conclusion. The efficacy of EMHPS may be related to its effect on the transcription of the genes that are involved in neurotransmission and in the showing of neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects.
The quality of prior antithrombotic therapy and the severity of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Geraskina L. A. , Alieva M. M. , Fonyakin A. V. , Maksimova M. Yu. , Garabova N. I. , Burzhunova M. G.
Published: October 2020

The severity of neurological disorders in ischemic stroke (IS) in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be higher than that in patients with sinus rhythm. The impact of preventive antithrombotic therapy (ATT) on the clinical manifestations and outcomes of stroke remains a matter of debate.

Objective: to analyze the quality of preventive ATT and to clarify its relationship to the severity of IS in AF.

Patients and methods. The data from the registry of patients (n = 200; 96 (48%) men) (mean age, 71±9 years) with IS and AF were analyzed. Neurological deficit at admission was graded using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The presence and nature of prestroke antithrombotic therapy were studied.

Results and discussion. Prestroke ATT was performed in 80 (40%) patients, of whom 36 (18%) took antiplatelet agents (APAs). Oral anticoagulants (OACs) were given to 44 patients. The international normalized ratio (INR) in the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) averaged 1.26 [1.11; 1.64]. Neurological deficit was most obvious in the patients who had not previously received ATT (a NIHSS score of 8 [5; 12]). In comparison with them, the regular use of ATT, including APAs and OACs, was associated with the greater likelihood of less severe neurological deficit (a NIHSS of <8): odds ratio (OR), 2.121; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.178–3.820. The greatest decrease in stroke severity was related to direct (OACs) (DOACs): OR, 2.727 (95% CI, 1.049–7.089), while there was no positive effect of VKAs (OR, 1.534; 95% CI, 0.538–4.377), which was associated with failure to achieve the INR target. Improvement was also related to the prescription of APAs (OR, 2.111; 95% CI, 0.981–4.539).

Conclusion. Preventive ATT for a significant proportion of AF patients does not meet the current recommendations. At the same time, ATT, especially that with DOACs, is associated with the lesser severity of IS.
The etiology, manifestations, and therapy of chronic cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Gogoleva A. G. , Zakharov V. V.
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the current etiopathogenetic classification of chronic cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and discusses the role of hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and genetically determined syndromes in the development of this pathological condition. It gives recommendations for the neuroradiological diagnosis of chronic CVD in accordance with the international standards. The paper discusses the clinical manifestations of chronic CVD, primarily vascular cognitive impairment. It discusses international guidelines for the examination and treatment of patients with chronic CVD, as well as the rules for stroke prevention in this patient cohort. The possibilities of pathogenetically based therapy in decreasing the severity of vascular cognitive impairment in the presence of chronic CVD are also highlighted.
ALL-RUSSIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS PROGRAM “READY FOR LABOR AND DEFENSE” (GTO)
Authors: Evseev S , Evseeva O , Aksenov A , Vishnyakova Yu , Shelekhov A
Published: October 2020

Aim. The paper aims to substantiate the improvement of the All-Russian physical education and sports program “Ready for labor and defense” (GTO) for disabled people and persons with health limitations (PHL). Materials and methods. The research was carried out through the analysis of documentary materials and legal acts, questionnaires and expert assessments, as well as using testing, approximation, extrapolation, interpolation, and statistical processing of empirical data. Results. The concept of GTO for PHL was developed, which is fundamentally different from the general program for healthy citizens and is focused on basic physical qualities of PHL and their terminal values through healthy lifestyle. The implementation of the program after its approval by the Ministry of Sport of the Russian Federation in 2019 is analyzed. Based on the concept of the GTO program for PHL and its first results, prospects for program improvement and implementation are justified. Conclusion. The implementation of the GTO program for PHL will allow for the comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of disabled people, as well as children and persons with health limitations. The program itself will increase their motivation for regular (systematic) exercises in adaptive physical education and adaptive sports and contribute to the achievement of a better life quality.
IDENTIFICATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS FOR BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Vavilov A , Anfilatova O , Laptev A , Sirakovskaya Ya
Published: October 2020

Aim. The paper aims to study the factor structure of physical fitness in basketball players and identify tests for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of their skills. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from September 2017 to May 2018 at Vyatka State University, Kirov. Fifty-three students were examined, all of them participated in the University Basketball Championship. A theoretical analysis of scientific literature sources and a pedagogical experiment were conducted. Mathematical statistics and pedagogical testing were used as methods. Results. Twelve tests were selected and checked for reliability that influenced most the physical fitness of basketball players in terms of strength, speed, jumping ability. Three hypothetical latent factors were identified that optimally determined the combination of these tests: “jumping ability / speed”, “explosive force/endurance”, and “strength”. Using factor analysis and an intercorrelation matrix, the most informative physical fitness tests were identified: standing vertical jump, 20 m shuttle run, pull-ups, which are used in the educational and training process of basketball players. Conclusion. The data obtained from the pedagogical experiment are of practical interest, primarily for trainers and university teachers. These tests do not require expensive equipment and can be performed in a gym, at the same time being the most informative in a limited time, which is typical for the educational and training process of students. This approach increases the efficiency of classes and optimizes the educational process. A comprehensive assessment of students will make it possible to track their health and physical fitness. Such data will allow adjusting the training process in the most effective way.
PLAYERLOADTM AND HEART RATE RESPONSE TO SMALL-SIDED GAMES SPECIALIZED TO ADDITIONAL FIELD PLAYER RULE IN HANDBALL
Authors: Gümüş H , Gençoğlu C
Published: October 2020

Aim. This study aimed to investigate PlayerLoad and heart rate responses of handball-based small-sided games which specifically designed with additional field player rule. Materials and Methods. Thirteen well-trained female handball players (2 goalkeepers, 2 pivots, 4 wings, and 5 backs) participated in this study. A total of eight Small-sided games (SSGs) on two different training days with separated at least 48-hour were conducted. SSGs executed with the inclusion of two each 5 vs 6 and 7 vs 6 handball specific games that mimic the numerical inferior or superior situations in game-play. PlayerLoad, acceleration, deceleration and change of direction were established by a wearable IMUs and heart rate monitored with a chest band. Results. There was no significant difference between PlayerLoadtotal, PlayerLoadmin-1, HRmax, HRavr, and HIE parameters during the SSGs that separated by two testing days. No significant differences were found in PlayerLoadtotal, PlayerLoadmin-1, HRmax, and HRavr, parameters attained from the main and opponent team. Results showed no significant differences between all 5 vs 6 and 7 vs 6 SSGs. There was a significantly lower PlayerLoadtotal in the goalkeepers than backs, wings and pivots. The mean and maximum heart rate of back players was significantly lower than wings and pivots. Conclusion. Current study set out the examiner that if tactical innovations in playing situations numerical inferiority or superiority situations 7vs6 and 5vs6, will make the difference in players’ physical efforts. Because of the raised usage of this tactical variations, recent studies only focused to technical variables of playing with no goalkeeper and additional field player. Therefore, it is crucial to obtain clear knowledge how to affect the players as physically. Hence, a definite need for revision of the training demands of the goalkeepers in handball.
POST-TRAINING AND RECOVERY ACTIVITY IN THE CONTINUOUS PHYSICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE KOLA POLAR REGION
Authors: Bogdanov I , Rychkova N
Published: October 2020

Aim. The paper aims to develop and put into practice a set of special exercises that influence post-load recovery for increasing the efficiency of physical activities of young people in the Kola polar region. Materials and methods. 250 males aged from 16 to 17 years participated in the study. The research data consisted of the results of standard Ready for labor and defense (GTO) exercises. After lessons, all participants performed a set of activities that influenced body and psychophysical recovery. Results. A dynamic study shows that a set of recovery activities of a different profile that includes exercises aimed at muscle tone regulation, relaxation through obstacle overcoming (including those related to the Kola polar region), modeling difficulties, mood improvement, and motivation for success affects positively speed, strength, endurance, static and dynamic balance indicators if applied 3–4 hours after physical activity. The results of standard Ready for labor and defense (GTO) exercises improved significantly. Conclusion. A proposed set of recovery activities enhances the athletic achievements of young people in the Kola polar region.
POSSIBILITIES OF REGULATING STRESS-PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FOOD PRODUCTS TO IMPROVE IMMUNITY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Naumenko N , Potoroko I , Kalinina I , Nenasheva A , Botvinnikova V
Published: October 2020

Aim. The paper aims to develop food products that contribute to the resistance of active people to stress factors, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The cohort study was conducted in three parallel groups of volunteers aged from 20 to 40 years (n = 45) who were consistently involved in sports (low-intensity training at least 3 times a week). As food products with stress-protective activity, freeze-dried taxifolin nanoemulsion and whole-wheat flour from wheatgrass were used. As mental and informational stress, media coverage of global and Russian COVID-2019 dynamics was used. To assess the impact of the developed products on stress resistance, a study of health and psychoemotional status (the SF-36 questionnaire) and biochemical blood analysis (leukocyte formula and cortisol) were carried out. Results. The results demonstrated the possibility of using stress-protective food products such as freeze-dried taxifolin nanoemulsion and whole-wheat flour from wheatgrass for improving immunity. The assessment of the psychoemotional status revealed an equally positive effect from the inclusion of taxifolin nanoemulsion and whole-wheat flour from wheatgrass in the composition of food products. Biochemical blood analysis and leukocyte indices revealed a greater positive effect of taxifolin nanoemulsion on the human body, while regular consumption of whole-wheat flour-based products from wheatgrass reduces blood cortisol and increases the body's resistance to stress factors. Conclusion. People involved in low-intensity sports are recommended to consume foods enriched with taxifolin nanoemulsion and whole-wheat flour from wheatgrass to improve their psychoemotional status and resistance to stress factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Involuntary (forced) migration in rural settlements and resettlement: Case of Konya - Bozkır Barrage Resettlement
Authors: Büyükşahin Süheyla
Published: October 2020

Rural settlements that are shaped by the existence of the natural environment such as climate, topography, water resources, traditional buildings and gardens built with accessible construction materials found in the region, and organic structures in harmony with the natural environment are also cultural heritage areas. In this sense, preserving the traditional fabric of rural settlements and ensuring the continuity of rural life is important for sustainable development. The necessity of ensuring architectural identity and cultural sustainability in rural settlements that are faced with involuntary (forced) migration and whose projects are prepared for resettlement, as they may be adversely affected by the development projects carried out by the state, constitute the problematic of this study. Within the scope of this study, the Konya - Bozkır Barrage Resettlement Project prepared for the Dedemli village, which faces involuntary migration due to the construction of the Bozkır Barrage, is handled and evaluated with its positive and negative aspects. Based on the on-site examinations it is possible to mention that, although higher life standards are tried to be achieved in the resettlement project, both the overall planning of the project and the houses built with modern building materials in the exterior and interior exhibit a typology far from the traditional architectural typology and the socio-cultural, architectural, urban and economical continuity belonged to the place cannot be achieved. According to the results obtained from the field study, attention is drawn to the negative consequences of new resettlement projects produced on the basis of typical projects in terms of architectural identity and cultural sustainability, and the village design guidelines prepared for new villages are recommended to be applicable for villages that had to move and it is emphasized that principles should be put forward to ensure its continuity.
Problematyka prawna obrotu nieruchomościami rolnymi Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa w świetle nowelizacji ustawy o gospodarowaniu nieruchomościami rolnymi Skarbu Państwa z 26 kwietnia 2019 r.
Authors: Iwaszkiewicz Piotr
Published: October 2020

W artykule została dokonana ocena wpływu ustawy z 26 kwietnia 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw na obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa. Nowelizacja w znaczący sposób zmieniła zasady gospodarowania nieruchomościami rolnymi Skarbu Państwa przez Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa. W szczególności zmiany dotyczyły organizowania przetargów ograniczonych, służących wspieraniu gospodarstw rodzinnych, wzmocnienia pozycji dzierżawcy gruntów Skarbu Państwa, a także tworzenia przez Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa ośrodków produkcji rolniczej. Autor wskazuje na praktyczne konsekwencje dokonanych zmian oraz formułuje wnioski de lege ferenda.
Legal status of direct sales of agricultural and food products in the legislation of selected EU Member States
Authors: Kapała Anna
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the discussion presented in the article was to determine the legal status of direct sale of agricultural and food products and its place in the agricultural activity in the legislation of selected EU Member States: Poland, Italy, and France. The considerations show that each legislator has chosen a different way of determining the legal status of this activity, though with a view to a similar ratio legis, which is to support it by enabling and facilitating farmers involvement. In Polish law, “agricultural retail sale” is outside the narrow definition of agricultural activity. It is not, however, subject to the provisions of business law provided it meets the conditions specified in law. Italian law defines the status of direct sales explicitly as agricultural, situating them among connected agricultural activities carried out by the agricultural entrepreneur. The detailed criteria for its connection with the agricultural activity by nature constitute a separate special regulation. In French law, thanks to the broad definition of agricultural activity, the place of direct sale as an agricultural activity par relation which is an extension of the act of production, is defined by case-law.
A brief introduction to the basics of NMR spectroscopy and selected examples of its applications to materials characterization
Authors: Tampieri Alberto , Szabó Márk , Medina Francesc , Gulyás Henrik
Published: October 2020

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that gives information on the local magnetic field around atomic nuclei. Since the local magnetic field of the nucleus is directly influenced by such features of the molecular structure as constitution, configuration, conformation, intermolecular interactions, etc., NMR can provide exhaustive information on the chemical structure, which is unrivaled by any other analytical method. Starting from the 1950s, NMR spectroscopy first revolutionized organic chemistry and became an indispensable tool for the structure elucidation of small, soluble molecules. As the technique evolved, NMR rapidly conquered other disciplines of chemical sciences. When the analysis of macromolecules and solids also became feasible, the technique turned into a staple in materials characterization, too. All aspects of NMR spectroscopy, including technical and technological development, as well as its applications in natural sciences, have been growing exponentially since its birth. Hence, it would be impossible to cover, or even touch on, all topics of importance related to this versatile analytical tool. In this tutorial, we aim to introduce the reader to the basic principles of NMR spectroscopy, instrumentation, historical development and currently available brands, practical cost aspects, sample preparation, and spectrum interpretation. We show a number of advanced techniques relevant to materials characterization. Through a limited number of examples from different fields of materials science, we illustrate the immense scope of the technique in the analysis of materials. Beyond our inherently limited introduction, an ample list of references should help the reader to navigate further in the field of NMR spectroscopy.
Regulation of Olfactory Associative Memory by the Circadian Clock Output Signal Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF)
Authors: Flyer-Adams Johanna G. , Rivera-Rodriguez Emmanuel J. , Yu Junwei , Mardovin Jacob D. , Reed Martha L. , Griffith Leslie C.
Published: October 2020

Dissociation between the output of the circadian clock and external environmental cues is a major cause of human cognitive dysfunction. While the effects of ablation of the molecular clock on memory have been studied in many systems, little has been done to test the role of specific clock circuit output signals. To address this gap, we examined the effects of mutations ofPigment-dispersing factor(Pdf) and its receptor,Pdfr, on associative memory in male and femaleDrosophila. Loss of PDF signaling significantly decreases the ability to form associative memory. Appetitive short-term memory (STM), which in wild-type (WT) is time-of-day (TOD) independent, is decreased across the day by mutation ofPdforPdfr, but more substantially in the morning than in the evening. This defect is because of PDFR expression in adult neurons outside the core clock circuit and the mushroom body (MB) Kenyon cells (KCs). The acquisition of a TOD difference in mutants implies the existence of multiple oscillators that act to normalize memory formation across the day for appetitive processes. Interestingly, aversive STM requires PDF but not PDFR, suggesting that there are valence-specific pathways downstream of PDF that regulate memory formation. These data argue that the circadian clock uses circuit-specific and molecularly diverse output pathways to enhance the ability of animals to optimize responses to changing conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFrom humans to invertebrates, cognitive processes are influenced by organisms' internal circadian clocks, the pace of which is linked to the solar cycle. Disruption of this link is increasingly common (e.g., jetlag, social jetlag disorders) and causes cognitive impairments that are costly and long lasting. A detailed understanding of how the internal clock regulates cognition is critical for the development of therapeutic methods. Here, we show for the first time that olfactory associative memory inDrosophilarequires signaling by Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), a neuromodulatory signaling peptide produced only by circadian clock circuit neurons. We also find a novel role for the clock circuit in stabilizing appetitive sucrose/odor memory across the day.
Ferroptosis Mediates Cuprizone-Induced Loss of Oligodendrocytes and Demyelination
Authors: Jhelum Priya , Santos-Nogueira Eva , Teo Wulin , Haumont Alice , Lenoël Isadora , Stys Peter K. , David Samuel
Published: October 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS. Cuprizone (CZ), a copper chelator, is widely used to study demyelination and remyelination in the CNS, in the context of MS. However, the mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte (OL) cell loss and demyelination are not known. As copper-containing enzymes play important roles in iron homeostasis and controlling oxidative stress, we examined whether chelating copper leads to disruption of molecules involved in iron homeostasis that can trigger iron-mediated OL loss. We show that giving mice (male) CZ in the diet induces rapid loss of OL in the corpus callosum by 2 d, accompanied by expression of several markers for ferroptosis, a relatively newly described form of iron-mediated cell death. In ferroptosis, iron-mediated free radicals trigger lipid peroxidation under conditions of glutathione insufficiency, and a reduced capacity to repair lipid damage. This was further confirmed using a small-molecule inhibitor of ferroptosis that prevents CZ-induced loss of OL and demyelination, providing clear evidence of a copper-iron connection in CZ-induced neurotoxicity. This work has wider implications for disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and CNS injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCuprizone (CZ) is a copper chelator that induces demyelination. Although it is a widely used model to study demyelination and remyelination in the context of multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms mediating demyelination is not fully understood. This study shows, for the first time, that CZ induces demyelination via ferroptosis-mediated rapid loss of oligodendrocytes. This work shows that chelating copper with CZ leads to the expression of molecules that rapidly mobilize iron from ferritin (an iron storage protein), that triggers iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and oligodendrocyte loss (via ferroptosis). Such rapid mobilization of iron from cellular stores may also play a role in cell death in other neurologic conditions.
The Political Economic Structure of Early Media Reform Before and After the Communications Act of 1934
Authors: Shepperd Josh
Published: October 2020

This paper examines how early media reform work evolved from political activism into a system-building advocacy campaign in support of Schools of the Air between 1930 and 1940. Calling upon archival work that focuses on 1935–1940 records, it examines how prominent activist groups the National Committee for Education by Radio (NCER) and the National Advisory Council for Radio in Education (NACRE) shifted their strategic approaches to adjust to the “public interest” mandate of the Communications Act of 1934. Though scholarship has chronicled disagreements between the NCER and NACRE over how to best support educational broadcasting, a dialectical interplay emerged after the act during the New Deal due to the influence of the Federal Radio Education Committee (FREC). FREC inspired A.G. Crane of the NCER to build the Rocky Mountain Radio Council (RMRC). The RMRC was the first sustainable educational media network, and the group coined the term public broadcasting. While the Communications Act signaled the end of the first wave of media activism, the policy also inspired reformers to develop a new system-building strategy that set the groundwork for NPR and PBS.
Can You Spare 5 Minutes? Cold War Women’s Radio on RIAS Berlin
Authors: Clinefelter Joan L.
Published: October 2020

Throughout the 1950s, the American propaganda radio station RIAS Berlin transformed women’s radio into an anti-communist medium designed to enlist German housewives into the Cold War. Based in West Berlin, RIAS—Radio in the American Sector—broadcast a full array of shows deep inside East Germany as part of the U.S. psychological war against communism. One of its key target audiences was German homemakers. Drawing upon scripts held in the German Radio Archives in Potsdam, Germany, this article analyzes the program Can You Spare 5 Minutes? (Haben Sie 5 Minuten Zeit?). It explores how RIAS inscribed the international contest between democracy and communism onto the domestic lives of women. The show built a sense of solidarity by treating typical “female” topics such as cosmetics, childcare, and recipes. In this way it forged a bond between its listeners that provided an opening for political messaging. Programs contrasted access to food, marriage rights, and educational policy in the rival Germanies to demonstrate the benefits of democracy and the need to resist the East German state. Women’s radio on RIAS, far from offering mere fluff, provided its female audience a political education.
INSIGHTS: GOVERNANCE, INTEGRITY AND CORRUPTION: A COMMENTARY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN GOVERNANCE
Authors: Salleh Arfah , Matsham Heidecke Anis
Published: October 2020

The National Anti-Corruption Plan (NACP) launched in January 2019 provides a narrative on the imperatives to fight corruption (fasad). Integrity and governance have been identified as the twin solutions to corruption. Based on this foundational premise, various initiatives from six key strategies relating to integrity, transparency and accountability of actors in politics, public administration, law enforcement, legal and judicial domain, corporate sphere and other relevant parties within the Malaysian society have been outlined in the journey towards a corrupt-free nation. In comparison with the National Integrity Plan (2004) and the Government Transformation Plan (2010), its two predecessor national frameworks, the NACP, explicitly recognises that integrity is a human issue. As a consequence, it highlights the human dimension that will also be its focus area, thus creating in our view, its differentiating factor. This commentary offers the pathway in addressing the human dimension on integrity and corruption through human governance
A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFF-THE-JOB EMBEDDEDNESS AND CONTINUANCE COMMITMENT ON INTENTION TO STAY: BASED ON PLS-SEM
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Zainuddin Yuserrie
Published: October 2020

“Employee’s Intention to Stay” as a term is broadly used in organization surroundings. The administrators must be identifying the importance of their staffs not only inspiring them to stay but also discourage them from seeking a better job to another place. Conversely, Job embeddedness is a construct which explains the reason for an individual’s choice to stay or leave by considering the community and organizational forces that may retain employee on the workplace. Thus, the current study examined the relationship between off-the-job embeddedness, continuance commitment and employee’s intention to stay using a sample of 177 employees of ICT industries. Simple Random probability sampling technique and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach were employed to examine the relationship as drawn by the hypotheses. The findings of this paper discovered that there was a significant positive relation between fit and links dimension of off-the-job embeddedness, organizational continuance commitment and intention to stay. These outcomes suggest that organizations like the ICT industry (technology organization) need to consider off-the-job embeddedness relationships along with continuance organizational commitment when developing programs designed to affect the intention to stay decisions of members.
A Simple Simulation of Surface Plasmon Resonance in The Kretschmann Configuration Using Google Sheets
Authors: Quang N. K. , Anh N. P. Q. , Hieu H. C.
Published: October 2020

This article describes a simple numerical simulation of three-layer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the Kretschmann configuration. The calculation was performed in Google Sheets, a web-based spreadsheet environment that functions similarly to Microsoft Excel where it is easily accessible for students via the internet. Specifically, Fresnelâ€™s equations were utilized to calculate the intensity of the reflected light for the p-polarized incident light on a three-layer system. The complex functions were utilized to plot the SPR curves. We examined the change of the resonance angle by the influence of the incident wavelength. The simulation was also performed for different thicknesses of the gold film layer. To demonstrate the sensitivity, we obtained the SPR curves with the variation of the refractive index in the sensitive medium. The SPR accuracy was analysed by comparing our obtained result with the published work. It is intended to incorporate into undergraduate instrumental analysis courses.
Neurotensin receptor 1 agonist provides neuroprotection in pre-diabetic rats
Authors: Saiyasit Napatsorn , Chunchai Titikorn , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Kerdphoo Sasiwan , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Pratchayasakul Wasana , Sripetchwandee Jirapas , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C
Published: October 2020

Exogenous treatment of a neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) agonist exerted the neuroprotection in an obese and Alzheimer’s model. However, the effects of NTR1 modulation on peripheral/hippocampal impairment and cognitive deficit following sustained HFD consumption are poorly understood. Forty rats received a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 16 weeks. At week 13, the ND group received a vehicle (n = 8). Thirty-two HFD-fed group were randomized into four subgroups (n = 8/subgroup) with a vehicle, 1 mg/kg of NTR1 agonist, 1 mg/kg of NTR antagonist, and combined treatment (NTR1 agonist-NTR antagonist) for 2 weeks, s.c. injection. Then, the cognitive tests and peripheral/hippocampal parameters were determined. Our findings demonstrated that NTR1 activator reversed obesity and attenuated metabolic impairment in pre-diabetic rats. It also alleviated hippocampal pathologies and synaptic dysplasticity, leading to deceleration or prevention of cognitive impairment progression. Therefore, NTR1 activation would be a possible novel therapy to decelerate or prevent progression of neuropathology and cognitive impairment in the pre-diabetes.
HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: Hypoxia and labour
Authors: Wray Susan , Alruwaili Mona , Prendergast Clodagh
Published: October 2020

Intermittent myometrial hypoxia is a normal feature of labour, as the powerful contractions compress blood vessels. In this review, we focus on the relation between hypoxia, myometrial metabolism, and contractility. We dissect how hypoxia can feedback and limit an ongoing contraction and help prevent foetal distress. The mechanisms involve acidification from lactate, decreased excitability, and a fall of intracellular calcium concentration. As this cycle of contraction and relaxation repeats in labour, the hypoxia also engenders mechanisms that increase force; hypoxia-induced force increase, HIFI. We also discuss the role of the myometrial blood vessels in dysfunctional labour, which is associated with lactic acidosis. In synthesising these studies, we have attempted to unify findings by considering the importance of experimental protocols and finding direct mechanistic evidence from human myometrium or in vivo studies. We have made suggestions for future studies to fill the holes in our understanding and speed up the translation of our knowledge to improve births for mothers and babies everywhere.
Kinetic model of a carboxymethylcellulose-agar hydrogel for long-acting and slow-release of chlorine dioxide with a modification of Fick’s diffusion law
Authors: Huang Lijie , Zhao Hanyu , Xu Hao , Qi Minghui , Yi Tan , Huang Chongxing , Wang Shuangfei , Li Chunying
Published: October 2020

A long-acting and slow-release material for chlorine dioxide, based on bagasse pulp (BP) was prepared with a superabsorbent resin as the slow-release substrate and agar as the cross-linking agent. The stable ClO2 solution and the acidic activator were locked into the network structure of the superabsorbent resin, which was prepared with a carboxymethyl cellulose made from bagasse pulp. Because of the network structure of the resin, the diffusion resistance was greatly increased, and the effective release time was up to 2 months. The mechanism for the release process of the ClO2 was explored, and a kinetic model was established based on modified Fick’s diffusion law. The results showed that the release process was a diffusion-controlled process. When compared with a zero-order kinetic model and a Higuchi model, the new established model had better fitting results, and it more fully reflected the release patterns and characteristics of the ClO2.
Analysis of the identities of men who have sex with men in Ukrainian society
Authors:   L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kasianchuk M. G. , Leshchynskyi Ye. B. ,   Makeevka Economics and Humanities Institute
Published: October 2020

The article is based on both the data obtained in the Donetsk region at the end of 2004 by the method of introducing peer observation at the places of direct social contacts of men possessing the sexual relations with men and the data taken from thematically related sources. It is shown that, on the territory of the former Soviet Union, a “fleshpot” is one of the significant reference points, relative to which the social reality of this category of persons is formed.
The societal factor of political modernization
Authors:   National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine 20, Antona Tsedika Str., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Afonin E. A. , Martynov A. Yu. ,   Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The authors analyze the role of the societal (generally systematic) factor of democratization and modernization of the political system of a society, as well as the relation of these processes to the nature of the societal identity and the socio-cultural development of countries. By the examples of the socio-historical development of the USA and Spain, the universal character of threats concer-ning with the nature of the societal factor in various aspects is proved, and their actuality for Ukraine’s political modernization is considered. A forecast of the development of societal properties of Ukraine’s socium which are an important precondition of the steady development of the country is given.
Fostering Productive Thinking Among Elementary School Students Through FIESI Model
Authors:   Department of Education (CASE), The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India, Biswal Ashutosh , Raipure Kamakshi ,   Department of Education (CASE), The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India
Published: October 2020

Productive thinking is the cognitive ability to plan, reason logically, analyse, synthesize, evaluate, and make decision to reach at the solution of the problem or we can say that it is the ability by which one can refine their creative work with critical thinking to give strength and value to it. It is a way to solve problems creatively. For this research, a model has been developed called as FIESI (Foundation, Ideation, Evaluation, Stabilization and Implication) for fostering productive thinking. Researchers conducted an experiment to foster productive thinking among VIII standard students with the help of this model as elementary level is delimited to standard VIII. Quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used. Two Kendriya Vidyalayas (Central Schools) were selected purposively for experiment purpose. One section of standard VIII from each school was selected as the sample for the experiment and control groups. Students of both the classes were made equivalent on the basis of a science achievement test. The equivalent groups consist of 26 students each. Researchers taught Science to the experimental group for one academic year (2019-2020) using FIESI model and the control group was taught by their regular teachers. Researchers developed and validated a productive thinking test for data collection. Data were analysed using chi-square. The finding revealed that FIESI model was found significant in fostering productive thinking among standard VIII students.
Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement
Authors: Alruwaily Amaal , Mangold Chelsea , Greene Tenay , Arshonsky Josh , Cassidy Omni , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Bragg Marie
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:

We aimed to determine the frequency with which kid influencers promote branded and unbranded food and drinks during their YouTube videos and assess the nutritional quality of food and drinks shown.

METHODS:

Researchers used Socialbakers data to identify the 5 most-watched kid influencers (ages 3 to 14 years) on YouTube in 2019. We searched for 50 of their most-watched videos and 50 of their videos that featured food and/or drinks on the thumbnail image of the video. We coded whether kid influencers consumed or played with food or toys, quantified the number of minutes food and/or drinks appeared, and recorded names of branded food and/or drinks. We assessed the nutritional quality of foods using the Nutrient Profile Model and identified the number of drinks with added sugar.

RESULTS:

A sample of 418 YouTube videos met the search criteria, and 179 of those videos featured food and/or drinks. Food and/or drinks were featured in those videos 291 times. Kid influencers’ YouTube videos were collectively viewed >48 billion times, and videos featuring food and/or drinks were viewed 1 billion times. Most food and/or drinks were unhealthy branded items (n = 263; 90.34%; eg, McDonald’s), followed by unhealthy unbranded items (n = 12; 4.1%; eg, hot dogs), healthy unbranded items (n = 9; 3.1%; eg, fruit), and healthy branded items (n = 7; 2.4%; eg, Yoplait yogurt).

CONCLUSIONS:

Kid influencers generate millions of impressions for unhealthy food and drink brands through product placement. The Federal Trade Commission should strengthen regulations regarding product placement on YouTube videos featuring young children.
Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Barfield Wanda D. , Poindexter Brenda B. ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION, Cummings James , Hand Ivan , Adams-Chapman Ira , Aucott Susan W. , Puopolo Karen M. , Goldsmith Jay P. , Kaufman David , Martin Camilia , Mowitz Meredith , Gonzalez Lucien , Camenga Deepa R. , Quigley Joanna , Ryan Sheryl A. , Walker-Harding Leslie
Published: October 2020

The opioid crisis has grown to affect pregnant women and infants across the United States, as evidenced by rising rates of opioid use disorder among pregnant women and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome among infants. Across the country, pregnant women lack access to evidence-based therapies, including medications for opioid use disorder, and infants with opioid exposure frequently receive variable care. In addition, public systems, such as child welfare and early intervention, are increasingly stretched by increasing numbers of children affected by the crisis. Systematic, enduring, coordinated, and holistic approaches are needed to improve care for the mother-infant dyad. In this statement, we provide an overview of the effect of the opioid crisis on the mother-infant dyad and provide recommendations for management of the infant with opioid exposure, including clinical presentation, assessment, treatment, and discharge.