bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alert Override Patterns With a Medication Clinical Decision Support System in an Academic Emergency Department: Retrospective Descriptive Study
Authors: Yoo Junsang , Lee Jeonghoon , Rhee Poong-Lyul , Chang Dong Kyung , Kang Mira , Choi Jong Soo , Bates David W , Cha Won Chul
Published: October 2020

Background

Physicians’ alert overriding behavior is considered to be the most important factor leading to failure of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) combined with a clinical decision support system (CDSS) in achieving its potential adverse drug events prevention effect. Previous studies on this subject have focused on specific diseases or alert types for well-defined targets and particular settings. The emergency department is an optimal environment to examine physicians’ alert overriding behaviors from a broad perspective because patients have a wider range of severity, and many receive interdisciplinary care in this environment. However, less than one-tenth of related studies have targeted this physician behavior in an emergency department setting.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe alert override patterns with a commercial medication CDSS in an academic emergency department.

Methods

This study was conducted at a tertiary urban academic hospital in the emergency department with an annual census of 80,000 visits. We analyzed data on the patients who visited the emergency department for 18 months and the medical staff who treated them, including the prescription and CPOE alert log. We also performed descriptive analysis and logistic regression for assessing the risk factors for alert overrides.

Results

During the study period, 611 physicians cared for 71,546 patients with 101,186 visits. The emergency department physicians encountered 13.75 alerts during every 100 orders entered. Of the total 102,887 alerts, almost two-thirds (65,616, 63.77%) were overridden. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified 21 statistically significant risk factors for emergency department physicians’ alert override behavior.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, we described the alert override patterns with a medication CDSS in an academic emergency department. We found relatively low overrides and assessed their contributing factors, including physicians’ designation and specialty, patients’ severity and chief complaints, and alert and medication type.
A Racially Unbiased, Machine Learning Approach to Prediction of Mortality: Algorithm Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Allen Angier , Mataraso Samson , Siefkas Anna , Burdick Hoyt , Braden Gregory , Dellinger R Phillip , McCoy Andrea , Pellegrini Emily , Hoffman Jana , Green-Saxena Abigail , Barnes Gina , Calvert Jacob , Das Ritankar
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Racial disparities in health care are well documented in the United States. As machine learning methods become more common in health care settings, it is important to ensure that these methods do not contribute to racial disparities through biased predictions or differential accuracy across racial groups.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the research was to assess a machine learning algorithm intentionally developed to minimize bias in in-hospital mortality predictions between white and nonwhite patient groups.

METHODS

Bias was minimized through preprocessing of algorithm training data. We performed a retrospective analysis of electronic health record data from patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at a large academic health center between 2001 and 2012, drawing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care–III database. Patients were included if they had at least 10 hours of available measurements after ICU admission, had at least one of every measurement used for model prediction, and had recorded race/ethnicity data. Bias was assessed through the equal opportunity difference. Model performance in terms of bias and accuracy was compared with the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), and the Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE).

RESULTS

The machine learning algorithm was found to be more accurate than all comparators, with a higher sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic. The machine learning algorithm was found to be unbiased (equal opportunity difference 0.016, P=.20). APACHE was also found to be unbiased (equal opportunity difference 0.019, P=.11), while SAPS II and MEWS were found to have significant bias (equal opportunity difference 0.038, P=.006 and equal opportunity difference 0.074, P<.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates there may be significant racial bias in commonly used severity scoring systems and that machine learning algorithms may reduce bias while improving on the accuracy of these methods.
Cancer Data Classification by Quantum Inspired Immune Clone Optimization-based Optimal Feature Selection using Gene Expression Data: Deep Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Eluri Nageswara Rao
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Gene selection is considered as the fundamental process under the bioinformatics field, as the cancer classification accuracy completely focused on the genes, which provides biological relevance to the classifying problems. The accurate classification of diverse types of tumor is seeking immense demand in the cancer diagnosis task. However, the existing methodologies pertain to cancer classification are mostly clinical basis, and so its diagnosis capability is limited. Nowadays, the significant problems of cancer diagnosis are solved by the utilization of gene expression data, by which, the researchers have been introducing many possibilities to diagnose cancer in an appropriate and effective way. This paper plans to develop the cancer data classification using gene expression data. Initially, five benchmark gene expression datasets, i.e., “Colon cancer, defused B-cell Lymphoma, Leukaemia, Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer and Wisconsin Breast Cancer Data” are collected for performing the experiment. The proposed classification model involves three main phases: “(a) Feature extraction, (b) Optimal Feature Selection, and (c) Classification”. From the collected gene expression data, the feature extraction is performed using the first order and second-order statistical measures after data pre-processing. In order to diminish the length of the feature vectors, optimal feature selection is performed, in which a new meta-heuristic algorithm termed as Quantum Inspired Immune Clone Optimization Algorithm (QICO) is used. Once the relevant features are selected, the classification is performed by a deep learning model called Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Moreover, the number of hidden neurons of RNN is optimized by the same Q-ICOA. The optimal feature selection and classification is performed for selecting the most suitable features and thus maximizing the classification accuracy. Finally, the experimental analysis reveals that the proposed model outperforms the QICO-based feature selection over other heuristic-based feature selection and optimized RNN over other machine learning algorithms
Internet Access and Usage Among Stroke Survivors and Their Informal Caregivers: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Naqvi Imama Ali , Montiel Tahani Casameni , Bittar Yazan , Hunter Norma , Okpala Munachi , Johnson Constance , Weiner Mark G , Savitz Sean , Sharrief Anjail , Beauchamp Jennifer Elizabeth Sanner
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Web-based interventions have shown promise for chronic disease management but have not been widely applied to populations with stroke. Existing barriers may inhibit the adoption of web-based interventions among stroke survivors and necessitate the involvement of informal caregivers. However, limited information is available on internet accessibility and usability among stroke survivors and their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate internet access and usage in a cohort of stroke survivors and their caregivers.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 375 participants (248 stroke survivors and 127 caregivers). Descriptive statistics were generated using cross-tabulation. Comparisons with categorical data were conducted using the chi-square test, whereas the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons involving ordinal variables.

RESULTS

Overall, 86.1% (323/375) of the participants reported having internet access. Caregivers were more likely than stroke survivors to access the internet (N=375, χ21=18.5, P<.001) and used text messaging (n=321, χ21=14.7, P<.001). Stroke survivors and caregivers with internet access were younger than stroke survivors and caregivers without internet access. The highest number of participants who reported internet access were non-Hispanic White. Smartphones were the most common devices used to access the internet. Email was the most common type of internet usage reported. Patients who survived for >12 months after a stroke reported higher internet access than those who survived <3 months (P<.001). The number of hours per week spent using the internet was higher for caregivers than for stroke survivors (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Future feasibility and acceptability studies should consider the role of the informal caregiver, participant age, race and ethnicity, the use of smartphone apps, email and text correspondence, and the amount of time elapsed since the stroke event in the design and implementation of web-based interventions for populations with stroke.
Technology-Supported Guidance Models Stimulating the Development of Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zlamal Jaroslav , Gjevjon Edith Roth , Fossum Mariann , Solberg Marianne Trygg , Steindal Simen Alexander , Strandell-Laine Camilla , Larsen Marie Hamilton , Pettersen Fredrik Solvang , Nes Andréa Aparecida Gonçalves
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Critical thinking is an essential skill that nursing students need to develop. Technological tools have opened new avenues for technology-supported guidance models, but the challenges and facilitators of such guidance models, as well as how they stimulate the development of critical thinking, remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE

We developed a protocol for a mixed methods systematic review to investigate the use of technology-supported guidance models that stimulate the development of critical thinking in nursing education clinical practice.

METHODS

A convergent integrated design following the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis will be employed. A pair of authors will select the articles by screening titles and abstracts, and the methodological quality of the articles included in the review will be assessed by a pair of authors according to checklists for specific study designs. The data will be extracted using the standardized Joanna Briggs Institute mixed methods data extraction form and following a convergent integrated approach. The thematic synthesis for data transformation will be used.

RESULTS

Development of a comprehensive systematic search strategy was completed in October 2020. The database searches were performed on October 21, 2020. As of January 2021, analysis and synthesis is ongoing. Completion of this review is expected by January 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

By combining evidence from studies with varied methodological approaches, the results should provide broad insight into the use of technology-supported guidance models for clinical practice in nursing education with a focus on the development of nursing students’ critical thinking. The results of this mixed methods systematic review can also be used to develop or improve current technology-supported guidance models for clinical practice in nursing education.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/25126
Ketahanan Sosial Pemuda Dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Budaya (Studi Pada Yayasan Lasem Heritage Di Lasem, Rembang, Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Wulandari Prisca Kiki , Saraswati Destriana , Damayanti Galieh
Published: October 2020

Lasem yang berada di Kabupaten Rembang memiliki peran penting di masa lalu sejak masa Kerajaan Majapahit. Secara geografis terletak di pantai utara Jawa dimana pada masa dulu perdagangan antar bangsa ramai dilakukan di daerah tersebut. Lasem sebagai panggung pertemuan masyarakat antar bangsa melatih masyarakatnya berpikiran terbuka terhadap pengaruh dan lebih toleran. Peninggalan-peninggalan di masa lalu baik berupa artefak ataupun warisan nilai-nilai budaya masih sangat kental dirasakan hingga saat ini. Pelestarian pusaka dengan menjadikannya sebagai wisata budaya akan membangkitkan kembali kejayaan Lasem di masa kini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketahanan sosial pemuda khususnya pemuda yang tergabung di Yayasan Lasem Heritage (YLH) dalam melestarikan warisan pusaka Lasem dengan mengelolanya sebagai potensi wisata budaya.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi non-partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dengan purposive sampling, dan dokumentasi selama berada di Lasem. Data dianalisis dengan teori pemberdayaan masyarakat John Friedmann dan ketahanan sosial dari Keck dan Sakdalporak.Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa tahapan-tahapan pemberdayaan pemuda YLH yang terdiri dari: (1) enabling dengan diadakannya klinik-klinik belajar oleh “Kesengsem Lasem”. (2) empowering yakni memberikan kesempatan kepada YLH untuk mengaktualisasikan ilmu yang didapat ketika mengikuti klinik belajar dengan menyediakan paket wisata Lasem, menjadi tour guide bagi wisatawan yang datang ke Lasem, serta berkolaborasi dengan pelaku usaha setempat untuk menyediakan amenitas dan atraksi wisata bagi wisatawan. (3) protecting dilakukan oleh founder “Kesengsem Lasem” dengan membuka akses bagi YLH untuk mendapatkan dukungan dari berbagai pihak berupa bantuan modal serta promosi dan pemasaran wisata budaya beserta produk lokal Lasem melalui pameran daring dan luring. Pemberdayaan pemuda YLH yang dilakukan oleh founder “Kesengsem Lasem” berimplikasi pada ketahanan sosial organisasi tersebut dalam mengelola wisata budaya di Lasem hingga saat ini.
Deteriorating Image of Political Parties in Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Prianto Budhy , Suharnoko Dwi
Published: October 2020

In the democratic countries, political party acts as mediator bridging communication between government and its citizens. The decline of political party taking place before and after the 2014 and 2019 presidential elections and legislative elections certainly affects the political parties in carrying out their roles. Conducted in Malang, objective of this study is to describe factors contributing declining image of political parties and its implications. The findings showed that image of political parties are deteriorating due to lack of trust towards the political parties and politicians in the parliament. The Decree on direct vote system for both presidential and regional head election and establishment of an open proportional system in legislative election also contribute to the deterioration. Implications of the phenomenon are negative attitude and declining interest towards political party.
Система учета температурной погрешности показаний интерферометра автономного лазерного измерителя колебаний давления
Authors: Яковенко С.В.
Published: October 2020

Описана система учета погрешности показаний интерферометра, связанной с изменением температуры на примере автономного лазерного измерителя колебаний давления жидкости. Рассматриваются особенности регистрации и учета температуры снаружи и внутри прибора, результаты измерения скорректированных колебаний давления сравниваются с теоретически рассчитанными для частотного диапазона приливов. Показана строгая необходимость проведения учета температурной погрешности, значительно искажающей первичные данные.
НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕТАЛЛОРЕЖУЩИХ СТАНКОВ: СИСТЕМНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ. ЧАСТЬ 1
Authors: Кузнецов А.
Published: October 2020

Рассмотрены механизмы повышения эффективности создания нового, более прогрессивного и инновационного технологического оборудования на базе анализа циклов эволюционного процесса развития технологических способов производства в соотношении с непрерывным совершенствованием конструкций станков, их компонентов и подсистем.
Definitions for “palliative care”, “end-of-life” and “terminally ill” in oncology: a scoping review
Authors: Cordeiro Franciele Roberta , Griebeler Oliveira Stefanie , Zeppini Giudice Juliana , Pellegrini Fernandes Vanessa , Timm Oliveira Adriéli
Published: October 2020

Objective: to identify and map the definitions for palliative care, end of life, and terminally ill in the oncology literature. Materials and method: scoping review guided by Joanna Brigs Institute recommendations. We analyzed original articles, published between 2012 and 2017, indexed in the databases Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus. The data collection resulted in 51 articles selected for analysis. Also, we have consulted the websites of 25 palliative care societies from countries best ranked in The Economist’s Quality of Death Ranking. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and summary of the themes, in this case the definitions. Results: terminally ill is a disease with a prognosis of lifetime ranging between hours and months, there is clinical worsening, functional decline, and presence of metastases. Palliative care aims to promote quality of life and dignity. End of life is the period of up to 12 months before death. Conclusions: we constructed synthesis and definitions for the concepts investigated. Thus, it was possible to contribute to the adoption of a standardized language in care and investigations with cancer patients in end-of-life
Las relaciones entre los sentidos de la actividad de estudio y el pensamiento teórico
Authors: García Cañedo Rafael , Zanelato Eliéte , Urt Sônia da Cunha
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo nos proponemos desde el enfoque histórico-cultural, realizar un estudio teórico acerca dos sentidos de la actividad de estudio, especialmente en las tareas escolares propuestas pelos profesores, en intuito de posibilitar el desarrollo del pensamiento teórico. En el transcurso del texto nos dedicamos a resolver el siguiente problema: ¿Qué son los sentidos de la actividad de estudio? ¿ejercen influencia en la ejecución de las tareas pedagógicas? En la búsqueda de respuestas traemos los estudios de Leontiev (1978; 2004), Davidov (1978), Davidov y Slobódchikov (1991). Evidenciamos que las formas como el profesor propone las tareas son importantes para la formación de motivos para la actividad de estudio, de sentidos y de desarrollo del pensamiento teórico.
Pension Provision of Citizens in the EAEU and the Union State of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Mishalchenko Yu. V. , Platonova L. A. , Toropygin A. V.
Published: October 2020

The present article provides an international legal analysis of pension provision for citizens of subregional integration associations of CIS (the EAEU and the Union State of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus), well as the prospects for legal regulation. The article concerns the legal basis in part of the pension provision regulation of the integration associations’ citizens of the EAEU, the Union State of Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, the procedure for implementing pension rights of integration associations’ citizens.
Future and recent developments in the retail vegetable category – a value chain and food systems approach
Authors: Fernqvist Fredrik , Göransson Caroline
Published: October 2020

In this study, the value chain perspective was combined with a food systems approach to assess food system responses in the value chain and external drivers from environmental and socioeconomic perspectives. The research object was the Swedish value chain for vegetables, with the aim of providing a comprehensive picture of current trends and drivers and identifying future developments important for vegetable growers, producer organizations, wholesalers and retailers. The empirical data is based on in-depth interviews with key-decision makers in the Swedish value chain, constituting a single case. The point of departure is that key actors in this chain, from producer organizations to retailers, can provide a comprehensive picture on the category’s past development and future directions. A combined food systems and value chain approach has been applied. Drivers and chain responses have been identified and categorized into six main categories related to: (1) health; (2) consumer interest for food and variation; (3) convenience; (4) origin; (5) sustainability; and (6) urbanization. Value chain responses and future challenges as well as aspects on value chain dynamics and sustainability issues in the food system are presented and discussed.
Effects of information on social trust in farmers regarding animal welfare
Authors: Gross Sabine , Roosen Jutta
Published: October 2020

Little consumer knowledge about agriculture and livestock production as well as mounting concerns about the consequences of modern animal husbandry are pivotal aspects of the growing gap between famers and society. Literature shows that trust can play an important role in situations characterized by limited knowledge. In this paper a salient value similarity approach to social trust is adopted where social trust is placed on people that are perceived to hold similar goals. Determinants of social trust in farmers are examined and the influence of messages about livestock production is analyzed. The study is based on data from an online survey among 1,600 German participants containing an information treatment. Results confirm literature in that positive information increases, while negative information decreases social trust. We show that salient value similarity between consumers and farmers has a high positive influence on social trust in farmers, and moderates the effects of the perceived sender of the message.
El Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas como estrategia didáctica-evaluativa en la enseñanza universitaria de la historia
Authors: Álvarez Sepúlveda Humberto Andrés
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Uno de los principales desafíos de la enseñanza de la historia en la universidad es contrarrestar la educación “centrada en el docente” con métodos activos, como el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, que permiten a los docentes en formación desarrollar competencias históricas y “habilidades blandas” relevantes para su futuro desempeño profesional. Objetivo: Evaluar el aprendizaje basado en problemas en la formación de profesores de historia, usando cinco cursos. Métodos: Probé el método entre marzo y diciembre de 2019 en 144 estudiantes de pedagogía en una universidad chilena. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron una encuesta de satisfacción Likert, los cuadernos de campo de los estudiantes, el registro de asistencia, la rúbrica diseñada para evaluar el método y el diario del investigador. Resultados: En general, los estudiantes se mostraron satisfechos con el método. Sin embargo, también hubo algunas limitaciones, incluida la falta de familiaridad de los estudiantes con el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, la falta de cohesión grupal y la gran carga de trabajo que requiere. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de habilidades blandas fue coherente con informes de otros campos, pero aparentemente esta es la primera vez que se prueba el método en el campo de la didáctica de la historia.
EMPREENDEDOR E PRECÁRIO
Authors: De Tommasi Livia , Moreno da Silva Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Objetivo do texto é propor algumas chaves de leitura a respeito de uma categoria de trabalhadores, jovens produtores culturais moradores das periferias brasileiras que, a nosso ver, representam um segmento paradigmático para compreender as transformações ocorridas, nos últimos decênios, no mundo do trabalho. Através dos instrumentos da observação participante e da história oral focada na trajetória de vida de alguns produtores culturais, procuramos compreender os sentidos que os atores constroem sobre suas práticas. Indo além das leituras dicotômicas, que celebram ou demonizam a difusão do empreendedorismo entre grupos sociais subalternos, nos interessa compreender de que forma o trabalho precário no âmbito da “arte e cultura” pode ser considerado pelos sujeitos como possibilidade de superação das amarras do trabalho dependente e afirmação da vontade de trabalhar mobilizando desejos; misturando trabalho, militância e lazer.

Palavras-chave: Empreendedorismo. Trabalho precário. Produção cultural. Periferias.
RESSONÂNCIAS BIOPOLÍTICAS
Authors: França Fábio Gomes de
Published: October 2020

O artigo discute, por meio de uma análise qualitativa de documentos e notícias veiculadas em sítios eletrônicos, a relação que se estabelece entre risco e biopolítica em tempos da pandemia do coronavírus, em específico quanto à atuação das forças policiais no exercício da quarentena. O que destacamos da análise é que, a máxima foucaultiana de “fazer viver e deixar morrer”, como componente da biopolítica moderna, encontra em situações-limite o “paradigma da autoimunização”, como proposto por Roberto Esposito, pois na obrigação do exercício da função, são os próprios agentes da ordem que têm suas vidas colocadas em risco em nome da defesa de uma sociedade sadia e protegida. 

Palavras-chave: Biopolítica. Agentes policiais. Risco. Quarentena.
TERCEIRIZAÇÃO E INTERMEDIAÇÃO DE TRABALHO TEMPORÁRIO NAS PARADAS DE MANUTENÇÃO
Authors: Moises de Souza Barbosa Marcio , Da Costa Lima Raphael Jonathas
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a construção social de um mercado de trabalho temporário nas atividades de “paradas de manutenção” da Usina Presidente Vargas (UPV), pertencente à Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), em Volta Redonda, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Tais atividades paralisam total ou parcialmente a usina, visando a manutenção e limpeza dos equipamentos e elevam sensivelmente a demanda por trabalhadores. Uma série de instituições e atores são mobilizados de forma a realizar o encontro entre ofertantes e demandantes de trabalho temporário, conformando um mercado de trabalho específico para essa atividade. O presente estudo se insere nos debates da sociologia econômica, que tem como premissa analisar os “fenômenos econômicos” como fatos socialmente construídos e imersos em relações sociais. Utilizou-se, fundamentalmente, uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, através de entrevistas presenciais com diferentes atores articulados a esse mercado de trabalho. Os principais resultados mostraram que o arranjo institucional herdado historicamente da cidade de Volta Redonda, interagindo com novas relações de trabalho temporário, terceirizadas e quarteirizadas, conforma a manutenção e reprodução desse mercado, reduzindo as incertezas no contexto intermitente das “paradas de manutenção”.

Palavras-chave: Mercado de Trabalho. Sociologia Econômica. Trabalho Temporário. Terceirização.
COVID-19: una revisión de la evidencia en el ámbito pediátrico
Authors: Nieto-Duarte Gina , Pichilingue Patricia , Aivasovsky-Trotta Iván , Castellanos-Fernandez Marianna , Celis Luis Gustavo
Published: October 2020

En el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, es importante la selección y el uso adecuado de los conocimientos nuevos y de aquellos adquiridos en situaciones históricas similares, para garantizar una correcta toma de decisiones en cuanto a la prevención, manejo y tratamiento de esta enfermedad en la población pediátrica. Desde inicios del 2020, la atención se ha focalizado en el control de la pandemia y en el manejo de los pacientes con esta enfermedad, cuya mayoría se encuentra en la población adulta. Sin embargo, recientemente se han observado cursos más severos de la enfermedad en pacientes pediátricos y lo que inicialmente se consideraba como una patología inofensiva ha generado mayores alertas en esta población por la presencia de complicaciones severas. Por lo anterior, la presente revisión busca determinar las últimas estrategias de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento avaladas y soportadas por la evidencia científica, de manera que se aporten las herramientas necesaria para garantizar un manejo adecuado y disminuir, en la medida de lo posible, los desenlaces fatales en la población pediátrica.
Infección por COVID-19, una mirada a los factores ambientales relacionados con la pandemia
Authors: Rosas Arango Sonia Marcela , Del Ángel-Caraza Javier , Soriano-Vargas Edgardo
Published: October 2020

La pandemia global por COVID-19 ha generado un sin número de alertas y cambios en las formas de habitar y de consumo. La triada medio ambiente-salud-individuo vuelve a ser protagonista en este escenario, en donde se aprecian graves fracturas en los sistemas de salud pública, hábitat y seguridad alimentaria. Como factor transversal a esos elementos, la contaminación ambiental se convirtió en un efecto facilitador de la pandemia pues la transmisión por contacto entre humanos a través de aerosoles representa la vía de contagio. Esta situación obligó al distanciamiento y confinamiento preventivo, medida que logró hacer evidente la pobreza, la inequidad y la desigualdad que se vive globalmente. Por otro lado, los cambios en la movilidad y la frecuencia de producción en industrias de manufactura trajo una reducción en los gases de efecto invernadero.
Expresiones de la violencia basada en género, en el marco del confinamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Londoño Bernal Nicolás
Published: October 2020

La violencia basada en género (VBG) es un reto actual para la consecución de la equidad de género y la garantía de una vida libre de violencia para las mujeres. Una vez que la emergencia por la expansión del virus COVID-19 inició, con las subsecuentes medidas de confinamiento adoptadas por distintos países, han aumentado los casos de VBG. La siguiente pesquisa lleva a cabo una revisión de textos provenientes de fuentes académicas, ONG y pronunciamientos oficiales acerca de la incidencia de las medidas de confinamiento sobre la VBG,  especialmente para el caso iberoamericano. Desde una aproximación cualitativa, los resultados muestran expresiones, factores de riesgo y estrategias de mitigación para la prevención y atención de la VBG en el marco del confinamiento por COVID-19.
Impactos de la COVID-19 en la violencia contra las mujeres. El caso de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Chaparro Moreno Liliana , Alfonso Heyder
Published: October 2020

La literatura reconoce que las condiciones estructurales de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres que se derivan de los roles asociados al cuidado y al trabajo doméstico y de su precarización laboral, entre otros, favorecen el aumento de la violencia en su contra, y esta se exacerba en las condiciones de confinamiento y aislamiento social generadas por la pandemia de la COVID-19. El artículo estudia los mecanismos dispuestos en Bogotá (Colombia) para enfrentar la violencia contra las mujeres y los desafíos que aún se presentan.
SARS-CoV-2 en el adulto mayor con enfermedad neurodegenerativa
Authors: González Devia Johanna Lizeth , Torres Pérez Myriam Leonor , Cuartas Méndez Diana María
Published: October 2020

A pesar de la gran cantidad de complicaciones neurológicas relacionadas con la infección por SARS-CoV-2, aún no está claro si estos síntomas son el resultado de una lesión neural directa o se deben a alguna otra razón. Actualmente, parece que la mayoría de los síntomas neurológicos del COVID-19 son inespecíficos y secundarios a la enfermedad sistémica.

Hasta la fecha no se cuenta con suficiente evidencia científica que confirme que el virus del SARS-CoV-2 afecta de forma directa al sistema nervioso central o periférico en los seres humanos. En el presente artículo corto se presentan las implicaciones de SARS-CoV-2 en el adulto mayor con enfermedad neurodegenerativa, así como los mecanismos de acción relacionados en sistema nervioso.
Audit committee guidance for strengthened corporate governance
Authors: Grove Hugh , Clouse Mac , Xu Tracy
Published: October 2020

The major research question in this paper is how to provide guidance to board of directors’ audit committees in order to strengthen corporate governance. Audit committees have a direct responsibility to oversee the integrity of a company’s financial statements and to hire, compensate, and oversee the external auditor. Public focus, especially by activist and passive investors, on how audit committees discharge these responsibilities has increased significantly. As analyzed in this paper, indications that this current audit regime is not working are overwhelming. Neither the public interest nor the needs of investors are being served by the auditor-client relationship as it exists. The reforms suggested in this paper represent advances that would help both board of directors’ audit committees and the auditing profession become trusted watchdogs of public companies’ financial information. This paper speaks to the growing research attention to the audit function and maps out the well-developed strategies to advance the audit quality. The major sections of this paper are a century of audit opinions, 21st-century frauds, fraud analysis, auditor assessment tool (created by The Center for Audit Quality), auditor continuing issues, auditor upgrades, discussion, and conclusion
A educação das pessoas com o transtorno do espectro autista: avanços e desafios
Authors: Souza André Luiz Alvarenga de , Anache Alexandra Ayach
Published: October 2020

This paper addresses the advances that have emerged from the legal documents that ensure the rights of people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To that end, the aim of this paper is to analyze the changes that have occurred in the last ten years, which culminated in the approval of Law 12.764/12 (Berenice Piana Law). The methodology is of a qualitative nature, of documentary type, as it is a systematic review of the literature in the field of Education and Human Rights. The central aspects of this study focused on guaranteeing the rights of people with ASD in the field of education and health. During the performance of this study, it was observed in the literature that there are different approaches used to help the inclusion of individuals with ASD, however with the approval of Law 12,764/12, these individuals achieved a great victory, but there is still much to be done.
Gestão democrática na educação superior para a diferenciação e acessibilidade curricular
Authors: Lima André Henrique de , Cabral Leonardo Santos Amâncio
Published: October 2020

Democratic Management in Higher Education, in addition to the management of human, financial, technological and material resources, provides for the interrelation of pedagogical management, access to curriculum, teaching action, results, spaces, conducts and cultural interactions. However, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have traditionally tended to subdivide and fragment their actions, distancing themselves from the perspective of accessibility, which encourages the cooperative interrelation of concrete and achievable inclusive elements and practices. Thus, the present research aimed to identify possibilities of democratic management practices in the perspective of accessibility in an HEI, based on the involvement of managers, teachers and students with and without disabilities. The results indicated that, initiatives for (de)construction on conceptions of disability and professional formation, raised the academic community to identify and question various barriers present in the academic context, basing the planning of actions that foster positive changes in this scenario.
Pancreatic Sirtuin 3 Deficiency Promotes Hepatic Steatosis by Enhancing 5-Hydroxytryptamine Synthesis in Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Ming Xing , Chung Arthur C.K. , Mao Dandan , Cao Huanyi , Fan Baoqi , Wong Willy K.K. , Ho Chin Chung , Lee Heung Man , Schoonjans Kristina , Auwerx Johan , Rutter Guy A. , Chan Juliana C.N. , Tian Xiao Yu , Kong Alice P.S.
Published: October 2020

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a protein deacetylase regulating β-cell function through inhibiting oxidative stress in obese and diabetic mice, but the detailed mechanism and potential effect of β-cell–specific SIRT3 on metabolic homeostasis, and its potential effect on other metabolic organs, are unknown. We found that glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were impaired in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed β-cell–selective Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3f/f;Cre/+) mice. In addition, Sirt3f/f;Cre/+ mice had more severe hepatic steatosis than Sirt3f/f mice upon HFD feeding. RNA sequencing of islets suggested that Sirt3 deficiency overactivated 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis as evidenced by upregulation of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1). 5-HT concentration was increased in both islets and serum of Sirt3f/f;Cre/+ mice. 5-HT also facilitated the effect of palmitate to increase lipid deposition. Treatment with TPH1 inhibitor ameliorated hepatic steatosis and reduced weight gain in HFD-fed Sirt3f/f;Cre/+ mice. These data suggested that under HFD feeding, SIRT3 deficiency in β-cells not only regulates insulin secretion but also modulates hepatic lipid metabolism via the release of 5-HT.
Income inequalities in the risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Quinn Nicholas , Gupta Neeru
Published: October 2020

IntroductionHospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions, of which chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among the most common, represent an indirect measure of the healthcare system to manage chronic disease. Research has pointed to disparities in various COPD-related outcomes between persons of lower versus higher income; however, few studies have examined the influence of patients’ social context on potentially avoidable COPD admissions.
ObjectiveThe research explores the use of linked population census and administrative health data to assess the influence of income inequalities on the risk of hospitalization and rehospitalization for COPD among Canadian adults.
MethodsThis analysis utilizes data from the 2006 Census linked longitudinally to the 2006/07-2008/09 Discharge Abstract Database. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to assess the independent influence of income inequality on the risks of hospitalization and of six-month rehospitalization due to COPD among the population aged 30-69, controlling for age, sex, education and other sociodemographic characteristics.
ResultsCompared to adults in the most affluent income quintile, the adjusted odds of COPD hospitalization were significantly greater in the 4th highest income quintile (OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.30-1.47), and peaked for those in the least affluent quintile (OR: 2.92; 95%CI: 2.77-3.09). Among individuals who had been hospitalized at least once for COPD in the study period, and compared to the most affluent group, the adjusted odds of readmission were highest in the least affluent group (OR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.22-1.58).
ConclusionsDespite Canada’s system of universal health coverage, a clear income gradient in the risk of being hospitalized and, to some extent, re-hospitalized for COPD, is found. Income inequalities fueling excess hospitalizations reinforce the importance of integrating social and economic issues in primary care to meet the ambulatory needs of this population.
Religiões afro-brasileiras enquanto objeto de resistência
Authors: Pinto Arthur da Silva , Marim Caroline Izidoro
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo visa abordar a resistência afro-brasileira diante do cenário democrático atual, a partir de sua cultura religiosa. Por razões de não existir uma única religião afro-brasileira, senão uma pluralidade de religiões afro-brasileiras, o artigo não visará contemplar cada uma, mas sim, tomar aspectos dessas religiosidades já sintetizados por pesquisas anteriores a fim de entrever a luta por reconhecimento de sua importância na sociedade brasileira. Para tanto, esta análise será feita em duas partes. Em um primeiro momento, buscar-se-á tomar elementos capitais de sua perspectiva de mundo e traçar um itinerário, começando com um pequeno estudo em forma de introdução acerca da história dos africanos e seus descendentes no Brasil, como também, seus grupos étnicos e estrutura social, enfocando em suas bases teóricas – ou seja, mitos e simbologia – acerca das quais se tem cada vez mais buscado sua relação direta com as concepções próprias da África. Depois, em um segundo momento, fundamentado na metodologia de pesquisa do artigo, descrever-se-á os dados atuais do censo, a fim de apresentar as perspectivas e as tendências sobre as práticas afro-brasileiras no cenário político do Brasil.
Bases epistemológicas da interdisciplinaridade no Ensino Religioso
Authors: De Araújo Maria José , De Oliveira Filho Ivanaldo Santos , Marinho dos Santos Simone Cabral
Published: October 2020

O estudo tem por objetivo analisar as bases epistemológicas da interdisciplinaridade no Ensino Religioso, discutindo a questão do Ensino Religioso como disciplina no contexto escolar. As principais vozes teóricas do estudo são: Charlor, Fazenda, Japiassu, Morim, Santos, Viesser e documentos como a Lei de Diretrizes e Base na Educação Nacional e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Por fim, afirma-se que o Ensino Religioso possui conteúdos que conduzem o aluno a refletir sobre o seu papel enquanto cidadão do mundo e valores éticos que, por razões diversas, então sendo esquecidos na sociedade. Com isso, o Ensino Religioso pode contribuir para a defesa da dignidade da pessoa humana, promovendo uma sociedade mais justa, humana e igualitária.
Uma interpretação da pedagogia de Jesus à luz da pedagogia de Paulo Freire
Authors: Correia Júnior João Luiz , Da Silva Eunaide Monteiro de Almeida
Published: October 2020

A interpretação libertadora e anti-imperialista da Bíblia é marcada por aspectos que surgem dos constantes desafios e preocupações contextuais. É natural, portanto, que a Hermenêutica se aproprie do estudo desenvolvido em áreas do conhecimento contemporâneo que até então não foi aplicado criteriosamente na busca de uma compreensão aguçada e crítica dos textos das Sagradas Escrituras. O presente estudo oferece aportes hermenêuticos da Pedagogia de Paulo Freire, sobretudo, a partir da consagrada obra de sua autoria, “Pedagogia do Oprimido”, com o objetivo de compreender criticamente o alcance da prática pedagógica de Jesus em trechos do Evangelho segundo Marcos. A prática pedagógica que Jesus utilizou tinha elementos próprios que, segundo a narrativa de Marcos, o diferenciavam dos escribas (1,22) e causava admiração e questionamentos sobre a autoridade com que agia (1,27). Qual a novidade desses ensinamentos que atraíam multidões? Qual a repercussão dessa prática nas pessoas que o seguiam mais de perto? Que diferença tinha entre o conteúdo que Jesus ensinava às multidões e, reservadamente, ao discipulado? O que ensinava era, de fato, libertador? Em que sentido? Para enfrentar tais questões, a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi de pesquisa bibliográfica, na fronteira entre Pedagogia aplicada à interpretação de textos seletos do Evangelho de Marcos que narram como Jesus ensinava e o conteúdo desses ensinamentos em sua prática missionária. Sugere-se, como resultado, ainda que preliminar, a proposição de que é possível uma abordagem hermenêutica para entender a prática pedagógica de Jesus à luz da pedagogia freiriana. Não resta dúvida que a compreensão critica e aguçada da prática pedagógica de Jesus é relevante para se perceber o alcance libertador de sua ação messiânica. Jesus pôs em prática uma pedagogia que se fundamenta numa práxis, isto é, numa tensão contínua entre reflexão-ação-reflexão; entre o que ele faz (na ação missionária junto ao povo) e o que ele pondera a partir dessa ação (na intimidade do seu discipulado).
Sobre os cuidados espirituais no atendimento a recém-nascidos extremamente prematuros
Authors: Vale Tiago Gurgel , Camara Sergio Lucas
Published: October 2020

O ambiente hospitalar é um lugar repleto de sofrimento e questionamentos sobre o significado da vida, situação em que os pacientes e profissionais são constantemente convidadas a refletir sobre a sua própria experiência de vida. A unidade de cuidados neonatais tem um significado mais especial, porque é um lugar onde a vida pode ser transformada assim que começa. O momento bastante sonhado do nascimento e com grande potencial de alegria para os pais é, nesse lugar, transformado em sofrimento. Nesse contexto, os membros da equipe estão conscientes que lidam com a parte mais difícil, com o sofrimento dos bebês e de seus familiares e sabem que a tecnologia que está sendo usada muitas vezes não vai salvar o bebê. Portanto, a ideia desse estudo é fornecer uma ferramenta norteadora de reflexão e orientação, a fim de que a prática dos profissionais de saúde possa garantir o bem integral (físico, social, psicológico e espiritual) do paciente e da sua família que sofrem e necessitam de cuidados, assegurando-os respeito e dignidade. Aprofundam-se a questão da dimensão espiritual e a necessidade urgente de um trabalho adequado e sistematizado de assistência espiritual à família e ao recém-nascido, estimulando uma consciência ética no que diz respeito aos cuidados no início e no fim de vida.
A urgência de uma Teologia Política: Crítica e desafios para o atual contexto brasileiro
Authors: Kuzma Cesar
Published: October 2020

O artigo que aqui apresentamos chama a atenção para a urgência de uma Teologia Política no Brasil, principalmente por sua situação atual, que nos apresenta inúmeros desafios que também devem ser interpelados e enfrentados pela teologia. Temos como objetivo fazer uma leitura atenta e crítica do contexto em que estamos vivendo, na intenção de trazer novos entendimentos para esta realidade. Nossa intenção é que esta perspectiva teológica possa oferecer horizontes de interpretação que podem ser apontados como geradores de uma nova práxis, que de forma construtiva e libertadora visem o compromisso público da teologia na sociedade atual. A partir destes objetivos e mediante uma pesquisa bibliográfica, dividiremos o nosso artigo em quatro partes. Primeiramente, apontaremos aspectos que determinam as características de uma Teologia Política, com destaque às diversas expressões contextuais que marcaram e ainda se fazem presente em nosso tempo. Na sequência, faremos uma descrição do atual contexto brasileiro, marcado por uma profunda crise social e política. Depois, pretendemos oferecer aspectos fundamentais de uma Teologia Política e como que a realidade atual nos interpela à urgência desta questão. Por fim, este percurso nos coloca diante de tarefas que se fazem necessárias para a teologia atual, que em vista de uma perspectiva política conduzem a nossa reflexão para novos horizontes.