bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tsunami fragility curve using field data and numerical simulation of the 2015 tsunami in Coquimbo, Chile
Authors: Aránguiz Rafael , Urra Luisa , Okuwaki Ryo , Yagi Yuji
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The last earthquake which affected Coquimbo city took place in September 2015, with localized damage observed in low areas of the city. In addition, another seismic gap north of the 2015 earthquake rupture area has been identified; therefore, a significant earthquake and tsunami could occur in the near future. The present paper develops the tsunami fragility curve for the city of Coquimbo based on field survey data and tsunami numerical simulations. The inundation depth of the 2015 Chile tsunami in Coquimbo was estimated by means of numerical simulation with the NEOWAVE model and 5 nested grids with a maximum grid resolution of 10 m. The fragility curve exhibited behavior similar to that of other curves in plain areas in Japan, where low damage was observed at relatively high inundation depths. The new fragility curve was used to estimate the damage by possible future tsunamis in the area. The damage assessment showed that ~ 50 % of the structures in the lower area of Coquimbo have a high probability of damage in case of a tsunami generated off the coast of the study area if the city is rebuilt with the same type of structures.
Mantle roots of the Emeishan plume: an evaluation based on teleseismic P-wave tomography
Authors: He Chuansong , Santosh M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The voluminous magmatism associated with large igneous provinces (LIPs) is commonly correlated to upwelling plumes from the core–mantle boundary (CMB). Here we analyse seismic tomographic data from the Emeishan LIP in southwestern China. Our results reveal vestiges of delaminated crustal and/or lithospheric mantle, with an upwelling in the upper mantle beneath the Emeishan LIP rather than a plume rooted in the CMB. We suggest that the magmatism and the Emeishan LIP formation might be connected with the melting of delaminated lower crustal and/or lithospheric components which resulted in plume-like upwelling from the upper mantle or from the mantle transition zone.
Forcing the SURFEX/Crocus snow model with combined hourly meteorological forecasts and gridded observations in southern Norway
Authors: Luijting Hanneke , Vikhamar-Schuler Dagrun , Aspelien Trygve , Homleid Mariken
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In Norway, thirty percent of the annual precipitation falls as snow. Knowledge of the snow reservoir is therefore important for energy production and water resource management. The land surface model SURFEX with the detailed snowpack scheme Crocus (SURFEX/Crocus) has been run with a grid spacing of approximately 1 km over an area in southern Norway for two years (01 September 2014–31 August 2016), using two different forcing data sets: 1) hourly meteorological forecasts from the operational weather forecast model AROME MetCoOp (2.5 km grid spacing), and 2) gridded hourly observations of temperature and precipitation (1 km grid spacing) in combination with the meteorological forecasts from AROME MetCoOp. We present an evaluation of the modeled snow depth and snow cover, as compared to point observations of snow depth and to MODIS satellite images of the snow-covered area. The evaluation focuses on snow accumulation and snow melt. The results are promising. Both experiments are capable of simulating the snow pack over the two winter seasons, but there is an overestimation of snow depth when using only meteorological forecasts from AROME MetCoOp, although the snow-covered area throughout the melt season is better represented by this experiment. The errors, when using AROME MetCoOp as forcing, accumulate over the snow season, showing that assimilation of snow depth observations into SURFEX/Crocus might be necessary when using only meteorological forecasts as forcing. When using gridded observations, the simulation of snow depth is significantly improved, which shows that using a combination of gridded observations and meteorological forecasts to force a snowpack model is very useful and can give better results than only using meteorological forecasts. There is however an underestimation of snow ablation in both experiments. This is mainly due to the absence of wind-induced erosion of snow in the SURFEX/Crocus model, underestimated snow melt and biases in the forcing data.
Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East
Antarctic ice cores
Authors: Casado Mathieu , Landais Amaelle , Picard Ghislain , Münch Thomas , Laepple Thomas , Stenni Barbara , Dreossi Giuliano , Ekaykin Alexey , Arnaud Laurent , Genthon Christophe , Touzeau Alexandra , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Jouzel Jean
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic plateau. Water isotopes records are key to reconstructing past climatic conditions over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of climate reconstructions depends on knowledge of all the processes affecting water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic compositions. Fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in Rayleigh distillation and isotope enabled climate models. However, a quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering the snow isotopic composition after the deposition is still missing. In low accumulation sites, such as those found in Antarctica, these poorly constrained processes are likely to play a significant role and limit the interpretation of isotopic composition. Here, we combine observations of isotopic composition in the vapour, the precipitation, the surface snow and the buried snow from Dome C, a deep ice core site on the East Antarctic Plateau. At the seasonal scale, we suggest a significant impact of metamorphism on surface snow isotopic signal compared to the initial precipitation signal. Particularly, in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the sublimation/condensation cycles at the diurnal scale. Using highly resolved isotopic composition profiles from pits in five Antarctic sites, we identify common patterns, despite different accumulation rates, which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. Altogether, the difference in the signals observed in the precipitation, surface snow and buried snow isotopic composition constitute evidences of post-deposition processes affecting ice core records in low accumulation areas.
Formación bioética e intercultural en enfermería: revisión temática
Authors: Valdez-Fernández Adriana Lucia
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: analizar las tendencias de la formación bioética e intercultural en los programas de enfermería, y establecer los aspectos que deben contemplarse para mejorar la formación. Materiales y método: búsqueda de información en bases de datos científicas de acceso libre y repositorios de tesis doctorales de universidades; se utilizaron las palabras clave: “Bioética”, “Educación”, “Formación”, “Enfermería”, “Cultura”, en español e inglés. No se establecen límites según la fecha de publicación. Resultados: la mayoría de investigaciones se enfocan en el currículo académico, hay poca información sobre interculturalidad, pero se retoma el tema de transculturalidad. Conclusión: es necesario hacer de la ética y la bioética un tema trasversal en los currículos académicos, además de incluir la interculturalidad en los planes de estudio.
Los límites éticos: ¿avance o retroceso?
Authors: German-Zurriaráin Roberto
Published: November 2017

El ser humano tiene límites físicos y psicológicos... pero también éticos; que hacen que sus acciones sean precisamente humanas. Estos límites éticos posibilitan cualquier debate y la investigación, en concreto, con seres humanos. De ahí que toda investigación sin estos límites sería inviable. Se habla de límites éticos no en el sentido de impedimento, sino todo lo contrario, de posibilidad para la acción; solo se puede hablar de límites éticos si se arma una verdad válida para todos y para todos los tiempos, independientemente de uno mismo. Asistimos a un verdadero progreso siempre que se realice una investigación en beneficio del ser humano. Así es, solamente se puede hablar de progreso si se entiende este en un crecer en humanidad.
Cuestiones jurídicas al final de la vida
Authors: Malespina María Laura
Published: November 2017

El profesional de la salud no puede perder de vista que la precariedad es una circunstancia profundamente humana que exige respeto incondicionado del enfermo moribundo. El presente estudio descriptivo es una reflexión biojurídica respecto de la muerte digna en los casos de enfermedades que conllevan largos procesos de deterioro y sufrimiento físico y psíquico. Se tomará en cuenta la legislación comparada y la jurisprudencia más emblemática, a la luz de los derechos fundamentales implicados. Se concluye que es legítimo respetar la voluntad del paciente respecto de su proceso de muerte mientras no se vulnere la dignidad que le es propia: cualquier conducta que lo conduzca a la muerte o se la provoque de manera deliberada no puede permitirse.
Propuesta para un juramento del bioeticista
Authors: Cantú-Quintanilla Guillermo , Zárate-Vega Andrea Monserrat , Palencia-Sierra Jenifer
Published: November 2017

La influencia de Hipócrates como padre de la Medicina es patente, sobre todo a través del “Juramento hipocrático” que ha iluminado el ejercicio de la profesión desde hace veinte cinco siglos. Las versiones modernas de estos postulados, constituyen el marco ético y deontológico de esta ciencia, que también es arte. La bioética surge para enriquecer esa práctica, también cuando la investigación científica utiliza seres humanos, y propone la dignificación de la persona y el respeto a los derechos humanos universales. Ante la aceleración del desarrollo técnico y científico es imprescindible reforzar la reflexión ética con el fin de que la ciencia permanezca al servicio del hombre y no en detrimento suyo. De ahí la necesidad de un “Juramento del bioeticista”.
Chemical Disinfestation for Sowing and in Vitro Re-cultivation of Orchids and its Influence on the Seedlings Nutrition
Authors: Aline Fontes Andréia , Hugo Alvarez V. Victor , Vieira Novais Sarah , Campos Otoni Wagner , Ferreira Santos André , Ferreira Novais Roberto
Published: November 2017

The use of a commercial bleach solution (CB) for in vitro propagation of orchids has proven to be an efficient technique and an alternative to the use of the autoclave and laminar flow chamber (LFC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of CB in disinfestation of culture media (CM) for seeding and for re-cultivation of orchid plantlets and its effect in different types of flasks and on the nutritional state of the plantlets. In the seeding experiment, seeds of Laelia tenebrosa Rolfe were used, with evaluation of three types of flasks; five concentrations of CB applied to the CM of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mL L-1 and the control treatment. In the re-cultivationexperiment, Cattleya kerri Brieger & Bicalho plantlets were used. The rates of CB added to the CM were 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 38 mL L-1 in polypropylene containers, and the rates sprayed on the plantlets at re-cultivation were 5, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 87.5 and 95 mL L-1. The proportion of germinated seeds and the dry matter weight of the protocorms were greater in the control treatment. The increasing rates of CB added to the CM had worse results for germination in glass flasks. In re-cultivation, there was no significant difference in the growth of the plantlets between the autoclaved flasks and those disinfested in CB.Keymessage: Both orchid seeding and re-cultivation of seedlings can be carried out entirely and efficiently without the use of an autoclave and laminar flow chamber, using chemical disinfection with commercial bleach.
Cauterization of Ozurdex wound for the prevention of scleral leakage in vitrectomized eyes
Authors: Furino Claudio , Recchimurzo Nicola , Boscia Francesco , Alessio Giovanni
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To study if cauterization of the scleroconjuctival wound secondary to intravitreal dexamethasone implant in vitrectomized eyes is effective to avoid scleral leakage and hypotony.

Methods:

A total of 35 vitrectomized eyes of 35 consecutive patients with macular edema who underwent a single intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection in the operating room at the Eye Clinic of the University of Bari, Italy, from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. At the end of the injection, transconjuctival/scleral bipolar cauterization was applied at the injection site and the presence or absence of leakage or hypotony was studied.

Results:

At the end of the procedure, no patient showed fluid leakage from the cauterized scleroconjuctival wound. No ocular hypotony of other ophthalmic complications were observed at 1 hour and 1 day from injection and intraocular pressure did not change significantly from baseline at 1 hour and 1 day after injection.

Conclusions:

Cauterization of the scleral wound after intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection in vitrectomized eyes is safe and effective to avoid scleral leakage with secondary hypotony, obtaining a watertight wound closure.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy
Authors: Mylonas Georgios , Prager Franz , Wetzel Barbara , Malamos Panagiotis , Deak Gabor , Amon Michael
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To describe a case of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) response to intravitreal therapy with aflibercept (Eylea).

Methods:

Retrospective case report.

Results:

A 36-year-old woman with sudden visual impairment and central scotoma was found to have a UAIM in her left eye. Three weeks after continuous worsening of her visual acuity and central scotoma, the patient was treated with intravitreal injections of aflibercept. The visual acuity increased and the macula lesion regressed, causing macula scarring after 2 injections.

Conclusions:

Intravitreal injections of aflibercept could be a therapy option in patients with UAIM without signs of spontaneous resolution of the clinical manifestations and visual improvement.
Pulmonary arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to avoid pulmonary overflow during total artificial heart implantation
Authors: Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang , Luc Jessica G.Y. , Sagebin Fabio , Wong Joshua K. , Massey Howard T.
Published: November 2017

Total artificial hearts (TAH) can be used as a bridge to transplant or, occasionally, as destination therapy for patients with severe biventricular dysfunction. Not infrequently TAHs are placed in patients with severe low flow states, in which the lungs of these patients are unable to adjust rapidly to the “normal” right ventricular output of a TAH. These patients may develop variable degrees of pulmonary edema secondary to stress failure of the pulmonary capillaries requiring increased respiratory support, which can occasionally be fatal. In this “how to do it” article, we describe the technique for a pulmonary arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with TAH to avoid sudden pulmonary overflow and gradually expose the lungs to increasing flow.
How immunologic and genetic biomarkers impact Hodgkin lymphoma classification, diagnosis, and management: a huge potential that yet needs to be exploited
Authors: Carbone Antonino , Gloghini Annunziata
Published: November 2017

“Ne è passata di acqua sotto i ponti.” It has been a long time since the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was exclusively based on the detection of typical Reed-Sternberg cells and the recognition of the characteristic morpho-histological background, as well as on the pathologist’s skill. The discovery of immunologic, molecular genetic and virologic biomarkers has provided an objective contribution to the diagnosis and a scientific basis for a modern classification of HL. Recent updates have clarified the nature of the so-called nodular lymphocyte predominant HL and its link to the T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphomas as well as its relationship with the lymphocyte-rich subset of classical HL (CHL). Molecular virology studies assessed a role for the Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of a fraction of CHL of the general population, and virtually in all cases of CHL occurring in people infected by HIV. Finally, immunologic and genetic findings corroborated the existence of grey zone lymphomas at the edges of CHL. Overall, these advances provided additional and useful information to address the treatment of patients affected by HL.
Adult Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Endometriosis
Authors: Cousins Fiona L. , Xiao Li , Gargett Caroline E.
Published: November 2017

The human endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes approximately 400 cyclical episodes of proliferation, differentiation, shedding, and regeneration in a woman's reproductive lifespan. The regenerative capacity of human endometrium is likely mediated by adult stem cells. At the cellular level, endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, located in both the functionalis and basalis layers, support regeneration of the stromal vascular compartment and epithelial progenitor cells, postulated to reside in the basalis epithelium, likely regenerate the glands. Bone marrow adult stem cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, may also participate. Endometriosis can be considered an endometrial proliferative disorder due to dysregulation of the cellular and molecular regenerative processes.

Endometriosis is primarily thought to occur via retrograde menstruation of endometrial debris. It is postulated that endometrial stem/progenitor cells, which have been identified in menstrual blood, are shed into the peritoneal cavity where they adhere to pelvic organs and initiate endometriotic lesions. The homing of bone-marrow-derived adult stem cells to endometriotic lesions is thought to drive progression of the disease.

New drug therapies are urgently required for the treatment of endometriosis due to frequent disease recurrence with current surgical or medical treatments. Medications directly targeting endometrial stem/progenitor cells during menstruation, or following surgery, or targeting bone marrow cell trafficking, are potential targets for future therapies to manage disease initiation and progression.

In this review, we will summarize the current literature on adult stem cell contributions to the development of endometriosis and will then examine the current potential therapies that may target endometrial stem/progenitor cells.
IgG4-related Disease in Thymus. A Very Rare Case of Chronic Fibrosis Mimicking Sarcoidosis
Authors: Simonetti Sara , Muñoz Noelia Pérez , Vivancos Josefa López , Sitjes Lluís Sanchez , Pérez Javier Cesar Herranz , Bohorquez Nelson Leal , Alcacer José Antonio Maestre , de García Inessa Koptseva , García Miguel Ángel Carrasco
Published: November 2017

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ immune-mediated chronic fibroinflammatory condition, with unclear certain etiology. It is morphologically characterized by storiform fibrosis, dense IgG4-positive lympho-plasmacytic infiltrate, and obliterative phlebitis. It was recognized as a systemic condition as recently as 2003. IgG4-RD has been described in virtually every organ, forming sclerosing masses, and often mimicking tumors. Clinically, patients present unspecific symptoms and this condition is often recognized incidentally. The epidemiology remains poorly studied, but it has been noted that in the majority of recorded instances, patients are middle-aged men. IgG4-RD could mimic conditions other than tumors, such as infection, inflammation, or other systemic disorders. To ensure accuracy of diagnosis, an exhaustive histopathological analysis is required, together with clinical, radiological, and serological data. Thymic fibrosis in the absence of other primary thymic lesions is a very rare occurrence; in English literature only 1 case has been reported with scattered IgG4 plasma cells infiltrate and focal obliterative phlebitis. We will describe, for the first time, the case of a 49-year-old man displaying an anterior mediastinic, hilar, and intramyocardial mass simulating a sarcoidosis, with a definitive diagnosis of IgG4-related thymic fibrosis extending to the mediastinum and the heart. At the histological examination, we found many features of IgG4-RD in the thymic tissue, such as diffused storiform fibrosis, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with abundant plasma cells IgG4 positive (ratio IgG/IgG4: 40%), obliterative phlebitis, eosinophilic infiltrate, and Castleman-like lymphoid follicles. We discussed the differential diagnosis and reviewed the literature and the other cases of IgG4-related diseases that had been diagnosed in our department.
Beech shearing/high-stumping to control understory interference
Authors: Nyland Ralph D. , Kiernan Diane H.
Published: November 2017

The research evaluated opportunities for cutting off small understory beech root suckers at 0.6-0.9 m above ground. By six years (pilot test) after cutting with lopping shears in a closed-canopy uneven-aged northern hardwood stand, 91% of high stumps lacking a residual live branch had died. Of those cut above the lowest living branch, all survived. In a later operational trial by contract crews using chainsaws two growing seasons before a selection system cutting, 75% of high stumps without a residual live branch had died by the fifth year. Of stumps cut below the lowest living branch and that initially sprouted, only 7% had a live sprout by the sixth year. Among high stumps cut above the lowest branch, 84% survived.
Lodgepole pine and trembling aspen competition: Neighbourhood studies within 22 to 39 year-old pine plantations of northern British Columbia
Authors: Harper by George
Published: November 2017

Six lodgepole pine plantations located within the Sub Boreal Spruce (SBS) biogeoclimatic zone of the northern interior of British Columbia were chosen to study the impacts of neighbourhood aspen competition on the growth of planted lodgepole pine (22–39 years old). At each site, 30 pine trees (CP) were selected as plot centres across the observed range of aspen competition. Information on the six nearest neighbours (NN) and a variety of competition indices were evaluated using linear and nonlinear models. Competition indices based on diameter or height relative to size were found as the best overall predictors of CP growth. Proximity of NN to the CP was found to be inconsistent as a predictor of growth. Individual pine and aspen NN modelling suggested aspen competition had the greatest influence on CP growth restriction. The results do not support aspen thresholds for optimizing the growth of free growing pine plantations. It is recommended that performance-based standards be developed that account for aspen competition intensity and provide guidance for the management of pine stand productivity.
Effect of weed control methods on growth of five temperate agroforestry tree species in Saskatchewan
Authors: Schroeder W.R. , Naeem H.
Published: November 2017

Most tree species in agroforestry plantings are intolerant to vegetative competition and sites must be intensively cultivated to eliminate weeds. Many studies have been conducted to investigate what factors limit seedling growth because of the presence of vegetative competition in forest environments; however on agricultural sites there are few studies on weed management options for tree planting. This research quantified and compared growth of Manitoba maple (Acer negundo), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Colorado spruce (Picea pungens), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Walker poplar (Populus x Walker) in response to combinations of in-row and between-row weed control methods. The study was established on an agroforestry planting on agricultural soils in Saskatchewan. Treatments included in-row weed control using herbicides or plastic mulch and between-row weed control using tillage compared with a non-weeded control. Weed control positively affected annual height increment, basal diameter and height of the agroforestry species. The impacts of weed control versus no weed control were significant in almost all instances. However, tree species responded differently to the method of weed control. Weed control by herbicide and plastic mulch were not significantly different for four of the five species under investigation. This research will help with prescribing weed control methods for agroforestry and afforestation plantings on agricultural soils.
FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE HANDLING
AND WAREHOUSING COMPANIES
IN POLISH MARITIME PORTS
Authors: Klimek Hanna , Rolbiecki Ryszard
Published: November 2017

Companies which function in the operation area of Polish seaports, in particular
the ones which offer cargo handling and warehousing services tend to display a solid
financial condition. High dynamics of revenue prove this situation. In the years
2010–2015, the real revenues of the analysed companies group have increased
yearly by 5.7% on average. The profitability of pot handling companies also shows
a significant improvement tendency. In the years 2009–2012 the return on sales,
return on assets and return on equity ratios were on an acceptable (sufficient)
level, while in the years 2013–2015 they increased to a satisfactory (good) level.
Good financial results create large investment capabilities for these enterprises.
This is especially important due to the fact that the port companies finance most
of their investments with their own funds. In the years 2005–2015 the total outlays
on property, plant and equipment have increased over 4 times.
DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS
OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Rolbiecki Ryszard
Published: November 2017

An increase of the energetic efficiency of the economy is one of the priority goals
of EU policy. In all the sectors of the EU-28 countries this goal has been achieved.
However, in the transport sector, which is especially dependent on the supplies
of crude oil, the energy consumption continues to increase. This is why, a wider use
of alternative fuels is one of the ways of increasing the transport energy efficiency
and decrease the dependency on crude oil. In transportation, there is a chance
to increase the use of electricity and natural gas. However, the use of these energy
sources in transport depends on the development of appropriate infrastructure.
The requirements regarding the technical specification of the alternative fuel
infrastructure and the time horizon for the construction of these facilities have
been described in the European Parliament and Council Directive of 22.10.2014
on the development of alternative fuels infrastructure. In Poland, the development
directions regarding the use of alternative fuels in transport and the goals
of the transport infrastructure development have been set out in the year 2016
in the national framework for the policy of alternative fuels infrastructure development.
Ukryte w języku aspekty przygotowania dzieci do szkoły
Authors: Szyling Grażyna
Published: November 2017

In this paper I reconstruct the image of school generated by children a short while before they cross their first educational threshold. I am interested in the aspect of school readiness hidden in language, which is anchored in culture, social life and children’s experiencing of the world. The theoretical basis for the conducted analyses is the linguistic theory also known as the Sapir- Whorf hypothesis, which is complemented by the psychological concept of cognitive schemata and their role of in the process of discovering reality. The data was collected through group interviews conducted with kindergarten children focused on the issue. The language image of the schools’ world generated by children and reconstructed in the analysis conforms to the concept of transmissive education dominating in the Polish society, which positively values blind obedience and observance of other people’s instructions as the strategy of learning. The paradox is that the cognitive schemata that the children have been equipped with are suitable for what is demanded of them at the stage of early education. Their impact paralysing the development of a person can only be seen when the perspective is changed and “the school is thought of differently”.
THE ROLE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY
Authors: Brdulak Anna
Published: November 2017

To provide a good level of the quality of life of the city inhabitants, it is indispensable
to follow sustainable development strategy, allowing to create social
capital. This is important especially for local authorities, which should govern
society by cooperating with them. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is
to present implementation process and its conditions of the sustainable development
strategy within the structures of local government units in Poland. Analysis
is based on the authoress’ own qualitative research conducted in four voivodships
in the Southern of Poland.
Daniels v. Canada: Origins, Intentions, Futures
Authors: Magnet Joseph
Published: November 2017

On August 14, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada decided Daniels v. Canada,[1] one of (if not) the most transformative indigenous constitutional cases of this generation.  The Daniels decision is the culmination of a 17-year legal odyssey that began in 1999. I’m going to discuss the origins of the Daniels case, the hopes that motivated the plaintiffs’ team I led as we soldiered on, and invite you to peer into some possible futures in the aftermath of our victory.[1] Daniels v. Canada, 2016 SCC 12
Reference, reading, and nonreading: Learning from Bayard (with a grain of salt)
Authors: Kuehn Evan F.
Published: November 2017

This spring I had the opportunity to teach an undergraduate course on the history of philosophy from René Descartes to William James. On most of our twice-weekly class sessions, I would bring a half-dozen or so books with me beyond the anthology we were working from. My duty as a librarian impelled me—there are riches untold (to freshman, at least) in our stacks, waiting to be unveiled. Usually these books were pulled haphazardly from my office shelves just before class. Sometimes they were checked out from our library, less often requested from elsewhere a week or two ahead of time because I actually knew what I wanted to talk about that far in advance. I would bring secondary literature to recommend for further research, other unassigned works by authors we were reading in the event that a first exposure might have sparked philosophical discipleship, along with living thinkers like Seyla Benhabib or Giorgio Agamben who have fruitfully picked up the threads of the Enlightenment problems we were considering.
Community engagement in higher education: Online information sources
Authors: Gruber Anne Marie
Published: November 2017

In an age of challenging public discourse and increased pressure for educational accountability, many colleges are renewing their commitments to the public purposes of higher education. In fact, presidents and chancellors at more than 450 institutions signed Campus Compact’s 30th Anniversary Action Statement1 in 2016, reaffirming their dedication to preparing students for engaged citizenship, to changing social and economic inequalities, and to contributing to their communities as place-based institutions. In practical terms, many campuses are placing increased emphasis on real-world learning experiences for students through opportunities such as service-learning, internships, and community-based research.
Domain-specific Knowledge in Lexicography: How It Helps Lexicographers and Users of Accounting Dictionaries Intended for Communicative Usage Situations
Authors: Nielsen Sandro
Published: November 2017

Dictionaries are consulted when translating specialized texts in the global marketplace and when such texts are written in a foreign language. However, studies of translation in e.g. accounting indicate that most dictionaries do not provide the help needed in communicative situations, because they do not take into consideration that domain-specific meanings are culture- and structure-dependent. It is proposed that this state of affairs can be improved by studying the relevant types of knowledge required of lexicographers making accounting and other specialized dictionaries: declarative, procedural and schematic knowledge. These knowledge types are relevant when lexicographers select entry words as well as when they select equivalents and translations. Finally, it is proposed that declarative, procedural and schematic knowledge is needed when writing definitions of terms, and that these types of knowledge should also be reflected in the definitions presented to users or in other ways in dictionaries.
Book presentation : Mohammed Jadir (ed.), (Préface: J. Lahlan Mackenzie) Fonctionnalisme et description linguistique. Editions Universitaires Européennes, Sarrebruck, Allemagne, 2011, 280p. ISBN 978-613-1-56187-0
Authors: Jadir Mohammed
Published: November 2017

No abstract.
The look of ageing: Agelessness as post-feminist cool? - The aging female CEO in contemporary US TV series
Authors: Jerslev Anne
Published: November 2017

Recently, older women have started becoming more visible in the media: in film, on television, and in fashion and beauty ads. Taking as my case the representations of the ageing woman as successful CEO in three recent US television series, I address the kind of visibility that is embodied by the older female character in contemporary media. Drawing on discussions of ageing and the female body from cultural gerontology and cultural studies as well as theoretical discussions and empirical studies of representations of ageing women in film and television, I address the notions of agelessness and age appropriateness in relation to the three female CEOs and ask whether the characters represent alternative media images of the older female or merely a new form of ageism.
Growing old with and via media
Authors: Iversen Sara Mosberg , Blaakilde Anne Leonora , Wilińska Monika , Sandvik Kjetil
Published: November 2017

What we understand at any given time as “old age” may seem to have a very straightforward and factual base. Yet, in the words of Simone de Beauvoir, “as far as our own species is concerned old age is by no means easy to define” (de Beauvoir, 1996, p. 9). Even the most positivist sciences have to admit that old age is a “a heterogeneous event that some individuals tolerate better than others” (Balcombe & Sinclair, 2001, p. 845). That is, “old age” as a biological and physiological phenomenon has many and variable causes that may become visible at differing points in individual lives. Moreover, the phenomenon of ageing cannot be explained by any one universal theory (Balcombe & Sinclair, 2001, pp. 845-846). What it means to be old in a particular society at any given time is, thus, a matter of social and cultural construction that may vary greatly from place to place and at different historical times (Hazan, 1994).
Modifications at K31 on the lateral surface of histone H4 contribute to genome structure and expression in apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Sindikubwabo Fabien , Ding Shuai , Hussain Tahir , Ortet Philippe , Barakat Mohamed , Baumgarten Sebastian , Cannella Dominique , Palencia Andrés , Bougdour Alexandre , Belmudes Lucid , Couté Yohann , Tardieux Isabelle , Botté Cyrille Y , Scherf Artur , Hakimi Mohamed-ali
Published: November 2017

An unusual genome architecture characterizes the two related human parasitic pathogens Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. A major fraction of the bulk parasite genome is packaged as transcriptionally permissive euchromatin with few loci embedded in silenced heterochromatin. Primary chromatin shapers include histone modifications at the nucleosome lateral surface close to the DNA but their mode of action remains unclear. We now identify versatile modifications at Lys31 within the globular domain of histone H4 that crucially determine genome organization and expression in Apicomplexa parasites. H4K31 acetylation at the promoter correlates with, and perhaps directly regulates, gene expression in both parasites. By contrast, monomethylated H4K31 is enriched in the core body of T. gondii active genes but inversely correlates with transcription, whereas it is unexpectedly enriched at transcriptionally inactive pericentromeric heterochromatin in P. falciparum, a region devoid of the characteristic H3K9me3 histone mark and its downstream effector HP1.
Assessment of fine-scale resource selection and spatially explicit habitat suitability modelling for a re-introduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in central India
Authors: Sarkar Mriganka Shekhar , Krishnamurthy Ramesh , Johnson Jeyaraj A. , Sen Subharanjan , Saha Goutam Kumar
Published: November 2017

Background

Large carnivores influence ecosystem functions at various scales. Thus, their local extinction is not only a species-specific conservation concern, but also reflects on the overall habitat quality and ecosystem value. Species-habitat relationships at fine scale reflect the individuals’ ability to procure resources and negotiate intraspecific competition. Such fine scale habitat choices are more pronounced in large carnivores such as tiger (Panthera tigris), which exhibits competitive exclusion in habitat and mate selection strategies. Although landscape level policies and conservation strategies are increasingly promoted for tiger conservation, specific management interventions require knowledge of the habitat correlates at fine scale.

Methods

We studied nine radio-collared individuals of a successfully reintroduced tiger population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India, focussing on the species-habitat relationship at fine scales. With 16 eco-geographical variables, we performed Manly’s selection ratio and K-select analyses to define population-level and individual-level variation in resource selection, respectively. We analysed the data obtained during the exploratory period of six tigers and during the settled period of eight tigers separately, and compared the consequent results. We further used the settled period characteristics to model and map habitat suitability based on the Mahalanobis D2 method and the Boyce index.

Results

There was a clear difference in habitat selection by tigers between the exploratory and the settled period. During the exploratory period, tigers selected dense canopy and bamboo forests, but also spent time near villages and relocated village sites. However, settled tigers predominantly selected bamboo forests in complex terrain, riverine forests and teak-mixed forest, and totally avoided human settlements and agriculture areas. There were individual variations in habitat selection between exploratory and settled periods. Based on threshold limits of habitat selection by the Boyce Index, we established that 83% of core and 47% of buffer areas are now suitable habitats for tiger in this reserve.

Discussion

Tiger management often focuses on large-scale measures, but this study for the first time highlights the behaviour and fine-scale individual-specific habitat selection strategies. Such knowledge is vital for management of critical tiger habitats and specifically for the success of reintroduction programs. Our spatially explicit habitat suitability map provides a baseline for conservation planning and optimizing carrying capacity of the tiger population in this reserve.
The effect of four substrates on growth and survival of Penaeus vannamei at two salinities
Authors: Bray WA , Lawrence AL
Published: November 2017

The marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, was cultured on four substrates at two salinities for 56 days. Test substrates included three soils (fine sand, coarse sand and clay) and an impermeable substrate (bare fiberglass tank bottoms). Test salinities were 45 ppt and 27 ppt. Juveniles of 0.94 g mean weight were stocked at 15/n2 in 1.2 m diameter, outdoor tanks. Results indicated that P. vannamei has no soil substrate requirement for the 1 to 15 g size category. Significantly higher final weights were observed with impermeable substrate than with any soil substrate at both salinities tested (15.1 g at 27 pot, 13.2 g at 45 ppt). Shrimp cultured on sand substrates had higher final weights than shrimp cultured on clay, although the difference was not statistically significant in the higher salinity group. Average weight gain ranged from 1.55 to 1.77 g/week in the 27 ppt treatments and from 1.33 to 1.54 g/week in the 45 ppt treatments.
Seasonal variation of reproductive and vegetative phases of Gracilaria pacifica Abbott, in Estero de Punta Banda, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Rosas R , Marcos-Ramírez R , Lobo-Niembro JM , Zertuche-González JA
Published: November 2017

The seasonal variation of the reproductive and vegetative phases of Gracilaria pacifìca Abbott was studied in two populations with different type of substrate, in Estero de Punta Banda, Baja California, Mexico. Thirteen field samplings were carried out from April 1986 to November 1987. Differences in type and phase dominance were observed in both populations. At station 1 (mud-sand), vegetative plants were dominant with maximum values in winter. Tetrasporic plants were more abundant in summer and less in winter. The absence of cystocarpic plants was evident and the few spermatangial plants were observed only in autumn-winter. At station 2 (pebbles and rock), vegetative and cystocarpic plants were dominant with maximum values in spring and summer, respectively. Tetrasporic plants were more abundant in summer and less in winter-spring. Spermatangial plants were present throughout the year, with maximum abundance in autumn-winter.
Acid fish silages. Effect of preheating and addition of phosphoric and citric acids on the biochemical quality
Authors: Viana MT , Nava-López C , Solana-Sansores R
Published: November 2017

Whole mackerel (Scomber japonicus), without head or spinal bone, were ensiled. In order to observe the preservative effect, two different acid mixtures were used: conventional sulfuric-acetic and phosphoric-citric. To establish the degree of hydrolysis caused by the endogenous enzymes from the fish, enzyme activity was reduced by heating the fish mixture at 60ºC for five minutes, before acid addition. Samples were taken for analysis during 90 days. The pH was stable in all groups throughout the experiment. In the preheated treatment, enzyme activity was lower and the silage more stable, with less percentage of liquid and lower amounts of soluble protein and free amino acids. After 60 days of storage, an increase in total volatile bases was observed in all products, corresponding to the beginning of a decomposition process, probably due to the high temperatures registered during the experiment. It is concluded that the preheated treatment has advantages in comparison to the other treatments, due to the lower hydrolysis which gives lower amounts of soluble protein and free amino acids.
Heavy metals in coastal sediments of the Baja California (Mexico)-California (USA) border zone
Authors: Gutiérrez-Galindo EA , Flores-Muñoz G , Ortega-Lara V , Villaescusa-Celaya JA
Published: November 2017

Metal pollution and distribution in marine surface (0-5 cm) sediments of the Baja California border region were characterized during 1989. The total organic carbon, clay, silt and sand contents in the sediments and their correlation with the metals examined were also analysed. The results show higher concentrations (µg g–1 dry weight) of Al (7493), Mn (78.8) Cr (24.2) Zn (16.5) Cu (6.2) Cd (0.29) and Ag (0.30) in sediments of the 60-m isobath, with a gradient in their concentrations toward the shoreline. Analyses of simple correlation, principal components and similarity indicate that this behaviour is explained by the association of the elements with grain size and with silicoaluminate and organic matter contents. The possible influence of pollution and productivity phenomena as other processes that may control the distribution and origin of the metals in the study area, particularly Cd and Ag, is also noted. The results obtained show a decrease in Zn (15%), Cu (16%) Ag (20%) and Cd (22%) with respect to the values measured in coastal sediments of San Diego, California, in 1979.
Late pliocene abrasion platform from the cantil costero formation of Baja California
Authors: Ledesma-Vázquez J , Johnson ME
Published: November 2017

An unusually extensive and well preserved marine abrasion platform of Late Pliocene age is present 84 m above sea leve1 north of El Rosario, in Baja California. The surface extends for 6 km along the coast and is up to 3 km wide. The abrasion platform is a major disconformity that separates siltstones of the Upper Cretaceous Rosario Formation from the basal conglomerates of the Upper Pliocene Cantil Costero Formation. During its creation under transgressive conditions, the platform was kept clear of nearshore sediments and colonies of the pholadid bivalve Penitella penita (Conrad, 1837) with densities of up to 200/m2, bored into the underlying platform rocks. Tectonic uplift of the peninsula and the Sierra San Pedro Martir, starting about 2 m.y. ago, stimulated a massive progradation of land-derived clastics, which inundated the platform and locally exterminated the pholadid bivalves. This example clearly illustrates a model of transition from subtidal to intertidal conditions, in contrast to unconformities of strictly submarine origin.
Degradation of AMPK‐α1 sensitizes BRAF inhibitor‐resistant melanoma cells to arginine deprivation
Authors: Li Ying‐Ying , Wu Chunjing , Shah Sumedh S. , Chen Shu‐Mei , Wangpaichitr Medhi , Kuo Macus T. , Feun Lynn G. , Han Xiaoqing , Suarez Miguel , Prince Jeffrey , Savaraj Niramol
Published: November 2017

Melanomas harboring BRAF mutation (V600E) are known to recur frequently following treatment with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) despite a high initial response rate. Our previous study has uncovered that BRAFi‐resistant melanoma (BR) cells are vulnerable to arginine deprivation. It has been reported that naïve melanoma cells undergo autophagy and re‐express argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) to enable them to synthesize arginine for survival when encountering arginine deprivation. Abolishing these two factors in BR cells confers sensitivity to arginine deprivation. In this report, we further demonstrated that downregulation of AMPK‐α1 in BR cells is a major factor contributing to impairment of autophagy as evidenced by decreased autophagosome formation. These BR cells also showed a metabolic shift from glucose to arginine dependence, which was supported by decreased expressions of GLUT1 (glucose transporter) and hexokinase II (HKII) coupled with less glucose uptake but high levels of arginine transporter CAT‐2 expression. Furthermore, silencing CAT‐2 expression also distinctly attenuated BR cell proliferation. Notably, when naïve melanoma cells became BR cells by long‐term exposure to BRAFi, a stepwise degradation of AMPK‐α1 was initiated via ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS). We discovered that a novel E3 ligase, RING finger 44 (RNF44), is responsible for promoting AMPK‐α1 degradation in BR cells. RNF44 expression in BR cells was upregulated by transcription factor CREB triggered by hyperactivation of ERK/AKT. High levels of RNF44 corresponding to low levels of AMPK‐α1 appeared in BR xenografts and melanoma tumor samples from BR and BRAFi/MEK inhibitor (MEKi)‐resistant (BMR) melanoma patients. Similar to BR cells, BMR cells were also sensitive to arginine deprivation. Our study provides a novel insight into the mechanism whereby BRAFi or BRAFi/MEKi resistance drives proteasomal degradation of AMPK‐α1 and consequently regulates autophagy and metabolic reprogramming in melanoma cells.