bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulation on Trial
Authors: Williams Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2009

The unprecedented rise and fall in silver's price during 1979 and 1980 resulted in charges against the Hunt brothers of Dallas of monopolization and market manipulation, charges which led to a lengthy trial. This book focuses on the economic analysis used at this trial. Drawing upon interviews with the judge, jury, attorneys and expert witnesses (the author having so served), it investigates the elusive definition of manipulation in sophisticated markets, the difficulties of interpreting statistical evidence, the imprecision in calculating damages, the hidden assumptions behind inferences concerning intent, and the hazards introduced when economic analysis enters complex litigation. The author concludes that these problems induce courtroom procedures to oversimplify the economic analysis and cause the law on market manipulation to be created retroactively. Yet the failure lies not with the legal institutions but with the futures exchanges who had not developed in advance the rules to minimize large-scale trading during the unusual price moves.
The Pursuit of Stability
Authors: Archer Ian W.
Published: December 2009

This work engages in the historical debate about the reasons for London's freedom from serious unrest in the later sixteenth century, when the city's rulers faced mounting problems caused by rapid population growth, spiralling prices, impoverishment and crime. One key to the city's stability was that Londoners were locked into a matrix of overlapping communities, the livery companies, wards and parishes, all of which created claims on their loyalties and gave them a framework within which redress of grievances could be pursued. The highly developed structures of government in the capital also enjoyed considerable success in mobilising resources for poor relief, while the authorities so impotent against it, as the traditional accounts would suggest. This is the first effort at a holistic approach to interpreting early modern London society, based on the full range of London sources.
Democratic Subjects
Authors: Joyce Patrick
Published: December 2009

This pioneering and original study explores critically the nature of class identity by looking at the formation and influence of two men (Edwin Waugh and John Bright) who might be taken as representative of what 'working class' and 'middle class' meant in England in the nineteenth century. The two studies of individuals are complemented by a further study on narrative in pointing to the great importance of the collective subjects upon which democracy rested. The book indicates the way forward to a new history of democracy as an imagined entity. It represents a deepening of Patrick Joyce's engagement with 'post-modernist' theory, seeking the relevance of this theory for the writing of history, and in the process offering a critique of the conservatism of much academic history, particularly in Britain.
After the Deluge
Authors: Frost Robert I.
Published: December 2009

The Swedish invasion of 1655, known to Poles ever since as the 'Swedish deluge', provoked the political and military collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the second-largest state in Europe. Robert Frost examines the reasons for Poland's fall and the conduct of the war by the Polish government, and addresses the crucial question of why, despite widespread recognition of the shortcomings of the political system, subsequent attempts at reform failed. War has long been seen as crucial to the development of more effective systems of government in Europe during the seventeenth century, but studies usually concentrate on states which responded successfully to the challenges. Much can be learned from those that failed, and the paucity of English-language material on this important conflict means that After the Deluge will appeal to a broad audience among historians of Poland, Germany, Scandinavia, Russia, and early modern Europe in general.
Highly Excited Atoms
Authors: Connerade Jean-Patrick
Published: December 2009

This book is an introduction to the physics of highly excited, easily perturbed or interacting atoms. The book begins with a brief introduction to the traditional view of electron shells and their properties, and then goes on to discuss Rydberg states, quantum defect theory, atomic f-values, centrifugal barrier effects, autoionisation, inner shell and double excitation spectra, K-matrix theory, atoms in high laser fields, statistical methods, quantum chaos, and atomic effects in solids. The emphasis is throughout on radial properties, orbital collapse, many body effects, the breakdown of the independent particle approach, the emergence of chaos, and the behaviour of atoms inside clusters and solids. A very full account of autoionisation includes not only the standard treatment for isolated resonances, but also several alternative approaches. The book discusses many experimental examples and has many diagrams and a comprehensive reference list.
Lattice Gas Hydrodynamics
Authors: Rivet J.-P. , Boon J. P.
Published: December 2009

Lattice Gas Hydrodynamics describes the approach to fluid dynamics using a micro-world constructed as an automaton universe, where the microscopic dynamics is based not on a description of interacting particles, but on the laws of symmetry and invariance of macroscopic physics. We imagine point-like particles residing on a regular lattice, where they move from node to node and undergo collisions when their trajectories meet. If the collisions occur according to some simple logical rules, and if the lattice has the proper symmetry, then the automaton shows global behavior very similar to that of real fluids. This book carries two important messages. First, it shows how an automaton universe with simple microscopic dynamics - the lattice gas - can exhibit macroscopic behavior in accordance with the phenomenological laws of classical physics. Second, it demonstrates that lattice gases have spontaneous microscopic fluctuations which capture the essentials of actual fluctuations in real fluids.
Gaskinetic Theory
Authors: Gombosi Tamas I.
Published: December 2009

Gaskinetic Theory is an introductory text on the molecular theory of gases and on modern transport theory. It is suitable for upper division undergraduates in physics and first year graduate students in aerospace engineering, upper atmospheric science and space research. The first part introduces basic concepts, including the distribution function, classical theory of specific heats, binary collisions, mean free path, and reaction rates. Transport theory is used to express coefficients such as viscosity and heat conductivity in terms of molecular properties. The second part of the book covers advanced transport theory. Generalised transport equations are derived from the Boltzmann equation. The Chapman–Enskog and the Grad methods are discussed to obtain higher order transport equations for low density gases. The aerodynamics of solid bodies is explored and the book concludes with the kinetic description of shock waves.
Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation
Authors: Walt Martin
Published: December 2009

This book is an introductory textbook on the physical processes occurring in the Earth's radiation belts. The presentation is at the advanced undergraduate or first year graduate level, and it is appropriate for students who intend to work in some aspect of magnetospheric physics. The treatment is quantitative and provides the mathematical basis for original work in this subject. The equations describing the motion of energetic ions and electrons in the geomagnetic field are derived from basic principles, and concepts such as magnetic field representations, guiding centre motion, adiabatic invariance, and particle distribution functions are presented in a detailed and accessible manner. Relevant experimental techniques are reviewed and a summary is given of the intensity and energy spectra of the particle populations in the Earth's radiation belts. Problem sets are included as well as appendices of tables, graphs and frequently used formulas.
Surface Analysis of Polymers by XPS and Static SIMS
Authors: Briggs D.
Published: December 2009

This book provides an in-depth treatment of the instrumentation, physical bases and applications of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS) with a specific focus on the subject of polymeric materials. XPS and SSIMS are widely accepted as the two most powerful techniques for polymer surface chemical analysis, particularly in the context of industrial research and problem solving. In this book, the techniques of XPS and SSIMS are described and in each case the author explains what type of information may be obtained. The book also includes details of case studies emphasising the complementary and joint application of XPS and SSIMS in the investigation of polymer surface structure and its relationship to the properties of the material. This book will be of value to academic and industrial researchers interested in polymer surfaces and surface analysis.
The Mind at Work
Authors: Singleton W. T.
Published: December 2009

Ergonomics is a multi-disciplinary activity concerned mainly with people at work, but also with other human purposeful activities such as war, sport, games and leisure. The objective of ergonomics is to make these activities more effective and safer by applying established principles of anatomy, physiology and psychology. Together with the earlier volume, The Body at Work, this book forms a comprehensive textbook of ergonomics for all students of the subject, whether they be undergraduates or postgraduates on specialist ergonomics courses or those concerned with ergonomics as part of courses in psychology, physiology, management, industrial engineering and industrial design. This volume covers the psychological aspects of people at work; practices over the past twenty years stimulated by high technology systems and computerisation.
Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology
Authors: Jongman R. H. G. , Braak C. J. F. Ter , Tongeren O. F. R. van
Published: December 2009

Ecological data has several special properties: the presence or absence of species on a semi-quantitative abundance scale; non-linear relationships between species and environmental factors; and high inter-correlations among species and among environmental variables. The analysis of such data is important to the interpretation of relationships within plant and animal communities and with their environments. In this corrected version of Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology, without using complex mathematics, the contributors demonstrate the methods that have proven most useful, with examples, exercises and case-studies. Chapters explain in an elementary way powerful data analysis techniques such as logic regression, canonical correspondence analysis, and kriging.
Quality and Risk Management in the IVF Laboratory
Authors: Mortimer David , Mortimer Sharon T.
Published: December 2009

This essential survival guide for successfully managing the modern-day IVF clinic condenses a wealth of expertise and experience from the authors in troubleshooting and implementing quality management in the IVF laboratory. With high-profile media coverage of mistakes at IVF clinics, and escalating regulatory scrutiny, there is increasing pressure for professional accreditation. Modern accreditation schemes, which are largely based on the principles of ISO 9001 and related standards, require Quality Systems. Yet quality management beyond basic assay quality control is often poorly understood by biomedical scientists outside clinical chemistry laboratories. Quality and risk management are thus becoming hot topics for those working in IVF clinics and this book brings together, for the first time in one place, the basics of these essential aspects of laboratory management. The focus on taking a holistic approach to 'prophylactic management' - prevention rather than cure - will be welcomed by all scientists working in IVF.
The Theatre in America during the Revolution
Authors: Brown Jared
Published: December 2009

This is a comprehensive attempt to assemble all that is known of theatre at the time of America's political birth. Because many plays performed during the Revolution were overrun with partisan politics, they were not always aesthetically enticing; yet this was one of the only historical eras in which the theatre was used by both sides to help achieve military and political objectives. Whether moralistic or satirical, the plays of the revolution offer unique insights into the sympathies and fears of both loyal and dissident parties, and so serve as a telling document of a socially turbulent age. Brown's extensive research coheres into an invaluable theatrical and historical chronicle which should prove a useful resource for those working in the field.
Liberation from Self
Authors: Berofsky Bernard
Published: December 2009

This is a detailed, sophisticated and comprehensive treatment of autonomy. Moreover it argues for a quite different conception of autonomy from that found in the philosophical literature. Professor Berofsky claims that the idea of autonomy originating in the self is a seductive but ultimately illusory one. The only serious way of approaching the subject is to pay due attention to psychology, and to view autonomy as the liberation from the disabling effects of physiological and psychological afflictions. A sustained critique of concepts such as moral autonomy, self-realisation, ideal autonomy, and identification is offered. The author replaces these with an alternative model that reveals how spontaneity, vitality and competence enable human beings to act in the real world.
The Corporation as Anomaly
Authors: Schrader David E.
Published: December 2009

This 1993 book discusses the rise of the marginalist conception of the firm in the context of economic thought over the past two centuries, and explains why economists continue to defend a theory with demonstrable shortcomings. Professor Schrader argues that the marginalist view of the firm retains its support not through any comparative advantage in empirical or predictive power, but by virtue of its being a part of the predominant marginalist economic programme. The clear problems that beset the marginalist approach to the firm signal a general dilemma for economic theory as a whole.
Matrix Calculus and Zero-One Matrices
Authors: Turkington Darrell A.
Published: December 2009

This 2002 book presents the reader with mathematical tools taken from matrix calculus and zero-one matrices and demonstrates how these tools greatly facilitate the application of classical statistical procedures to econometric models. The matrix calculus results are derived from a few basic rules that are generalizations of the rules of ordinary calculus. These results are summarized in a useful table. Well-known zero-one matrices, together with some newer ones, are defined, their mathematical roles explained, and their useful properties presented. The basic building blocks of classical statistics, namely the score vector, the information matrix, and the Cramer-Rao lower bound, are obtained for a sequence of linear econometric models of increasing statistical complexity. From these are obtained interactive interpretations of maximum likelihood estimators, linking them with efficient econometric estimators. Classical test statistics are also derived and compared for hypotheses of interest.
Crow Dog's Case
Authors: Harring Sidney L.
Published: December 2009

Crow's Dog Case is the first social history of American Indians' role in the making of American law. This book sheds new light on Native American struggles for sovereignty and justice in nineteenth-century America. The 'century of dishonor', a time when American Indians' lands were lost and their tribes reduced to reservations, provoked a wide variety of tribal responses. Some of the more succesful responses were in the area of law, forcing the newly independent American legal order to create a unique place for Indian tribes in American law. Although the United States has a system of law structuring a unique position for American Indians, they have been left out of American legal history. Crow Dog, Crazy Snake, Sitting Bull, Bill Whaley, Tla-coo-yeo-oe, Isparhecher, Lone Wolf, and others had their own jurisprudence, kept alive by their own legal traditions.
Fascination and Misgivings
Authors: Portes Jacques , Fohlen Claude
Published: December 2009

Through the views of French travelers and diverse French studies about the United States, this book shows that the US took a pivotal place in French consciousness during the second half of the nineteenth century. The American landscape, skyscrapers, and the presence of Native and African Americans were puzzling and exotic to the French. At the same time, towns and industry were proof of an emerging economic power. Meanwhile, the French people found attractive models of social engineering in American society: schools and universities, the changing role of women, the emergence of the middle class. Even before World War I, the US found its place in French opinion, following trends that were to continue throughout the twentieth century: fascination and misgivings, attraction and repulsion.
South America and the First World War
Authors: Albert Bill , Henderson Paul
Published: December 2009

The collapse of this economy in August 1914 and its subsequent restructuring, therefore, created extremely testing conditions for peripheral countries. These conditions and the way in which they were dealt with help to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the variants of the primary-export-based capitalist development which had taken root here. Also, as had happened in Europe, the war witnessed far-reaching political and social changes in the region, associated in the main with the emergence of a more vocal urban middle class and a more combative working class. By considering within a fully comparative perspective some of the main elements of both economic and socio-political change in four major Latin American countries during the war years, this study provides many important new insights into the nature and limitations of pre-war growth as well as the significance of the many changes brought by the war.
Poetry Realized in Nature
Authors: Levere Trevor H.
Published: December 2009

Poetry Realized in Nature shows Coleridge's method at work and, more generally, explores German philosophical science, Naturphilosophie, and the relations between science and romantic thought. It combines a biographical approach with intellectual history, reconstructing Coleridge's imaginative enterprise across the whole range of the physical and life sciences. Coleridge strove for coherence in all realms of thought, and so the ways in which he explored scientific ideas illuminate all aspects of his inquiring spirit. He sought self-knowledge, which required a knowledge of man and mind in relation to nature and God. There was, accordingly, an intimate relationship between his theology and philosophy, and his ideas about the natural world. Science functioned as a touchstone in his philosophy, thus indirectly reinforcing his theology. The ideas he derived from science also bore directly on his critical doctrines, including the theory of imagination.
Geometry and Topology for Mesh Generation
Authors: Edelsbrunner Herbert
Published: December 2009

The book combines topics in mathematics (geometry and topology), computer science (algorithms), and engineering (mesh generation). The motivation for these topics is the difficulty, both conceptually and in the technical execution, of combining elements of combinatorial and of numerical algorithms. Mesh generation is a topic where a meaningful combination of these different approaches to problem solving is inevitable. The book develops methods from both areas that are amenable to combination, and explains breakthrough solutions to meshing that fit into this category. This book emphasizes topics that are elementary, attractive, useful, interesting, and lend themselves to teaching, making it an ideal graduate text for courses on mesh generation.
Purely Functional Data Structures
Authors: Okasaki Chris
Published: December 2009

Most books on data structures assume an imperative language like C or C++. However, data structures for these languages do not always translate well to functional languages such as Standard ML, Haskell, or Scheme. This book describes data structures from the point of view of functional languages, with examples, and presents design techniques so that programmers can develop their own functional data structures. It includes both classical data structures, such as red-black trees and binomial queues, and a host of new data structures developed exclusively for functional languages. All source code is given in Standard ML and Haskell, and most of the programs can easily be adapted to other functional languages. This handy reference for professional programmers working with functional languages can also be used as a tutorial or for self-study.
The Physics of Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Hofmann Albert
Published: December 2009

This book explains the underlying physics of synchrotron radiation and derives its main properties. It is divided into four parts. The first covers the general case of the electromagnetic fields created by an accelerated relativistic charge. The second part concentrates on the radiation emitted by a charge moving on a circular trajectory. The third looks at undulator radiation, covering plane weak undulators, strong undulators and other more general undulators. The final part deals with applications and investigates the optics of synchrotron radiation dominated by diffraction due to the small opening angle. It also includes a description of electron storage rings as radiation sources and the effect of the emitted radiation on the electron beam. This book provides a valuable reference for scientists and engineers in the field of accelerators, and all users of synchrotron radiation.
Dynamics of Charged Particles and their Radiation Field
Authors: Spohn Herbert
Published: December 2009

This book provides a self-contained and systematic introduction to classical electron theory and its quantization, non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics. The first half of the book covers the classical theory. It discusses the well-defined Abraham model of extended charges in interaction with the electromagnetic field, and gives a study of the effective dynamics of charges under the condition that, on the scale given by the size of the charge distribution, they are far apart and the applied potentials vary slowly. The second half covers the quantum theory, leading to a coherent presentation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics. Topics discussed include non-perturbative properties of the basic Hamiltonian, the structure of resonances, the relaxation to the ground state through emission of photons, the non-perturbative derivation of the g-factor of the electron and the stability of matter.
Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport
Authors: Enting I. G.
Published: December 2009

The critical role of trace gases in global atmospheric change makes an improved understanding of these gases imperative. Measurements of the distributions of these gases in space and time provide important information, but the interpretation of this information often involves ill-conditioned model inversions. A variety of techniques have therefore been developed to analyze these problems. Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport is the first book to give comprehensive coverage of work on this topic. The trace gas inversion problem is presented in general terms and the various different approaches are unified by treating the inversion problem as one of statistical estimation. Later chapters demonstrate the application of these methods to studies of carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and other gases implicated in global climate change. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers embarking upon studies of global atmospheric change, biogeochemical cycles and Earth systems science.
The High-Latitude Ionosphere and its Effects on Radio Propagation
Authors: Hunsucker R. D. , Hargreaves J. K.
Published: December 2009

The physical properties of the ionized layer in the Earth's upper atmosphere enable us to use it to support an increasing range of communications applications. This book presents a modern treatment of the physics and phenomena of the high latitude upper atmosphere and the morphology of radio propagation in the auroral and polar regions. Chapters cover the basics of radio propagation and the use of radio techniques in ionospheric studies. Many investigations of high latitude radio propagation have previously only been published in Conference Proceedings and organizational reports. This book includes many examples of the behavior of quiet and disturbed high latitude HF propagation. Ample cross-referencing, chapter summaries and reference lists make this book an invaluable aid for graduate students, ionospheric physicists and radio engineers.
Analog Optical Links
Authors: Cox, III Charles H.
Published: December 2009

Analog Optical Links presents the basis for the design of analog links. Following an introductory chapter, there is a chapter devoted to the development of the small signal models for common electro-optical components used in both direct and external modulation. However this is not a device book, so the theory of their operation is discussed only insofar as it is helpful in understanding the small signal models that result. These device models are then combined to form a complete link. With these analytical tools in place, a chapter is devoted to examining in detail each of the four primary link parameters; gain, bandwidth, noise figure and dynamic range. Of particular interest is the inter-relation between device and link parameters. A final chapter explores some of the trade offs among the primary link parameters.
Essentials of UWB
Authors: Wood Stephen , Aiello Roberto
Published: December 2009

If you are involved in designing, building, selling or regulating UWB devices, this concise and practical guide to UWB technology, standards, regulation, and intellectual property issues will quickly bring you up-to-speed. Packed with practical insights, implementation guidelines, and application examples, Essentials of UWB is a must-have resource for wireless professionals working in the field.

Written by key figures in the development of UWB, the book describes UWB technology, and evaluates its suitability for applications in communications, radar, and imaging. UWB radios, protocols and implementation are covered, and a thorough account of UWB industry organization completes the picture.

This is an invaluable guide for engineers involved in UWB device design, as well as for product marketing managers, sales support engineers and technical managers. It will also appeal to engineers with a deeper technical understanding of UWB who want to gain knowledge of the broader environment and future evolutionary expectations.
Electronic Basis of the Strength of Materials
Authors: Gilman John J.
Published: December 2009

This 2003 book relates the complete set of strength characteristics of constituent atoms to their electronic structures. These relationships require knowledge of both the chemistry and physics of materials. The book uses both classical and quantum mechanics, since both are needed to describe these properties, and begins with short reviews of each. Following these reviews, the three major branches of the strength of materials are given their own sections. They are: the elastic stiffnesses; the plastic responses; and the nature of fracture. This work will be of great value to academic and industrial research workers in the sciences of metallurgy, ceramics, microelectronics and polymers. It will also serve well as a supplementary text for the teaching of solid mechanics.
Uncertain Science ... Uncertain World
Authors: Pollack Henry N.
Published: December 2009

Is the world warming due to the Greenhouse Effect?
Can nuclear weapon arsenals be relied upon without periodic testing?
Is the world running out of oil?
What action should be taken against an outbreak of foot-and-mouth or BSE?
Why can't scientists provide certain answers to these and many other questions?
The uncertainty of science is puzzling. It arises when scientists have more than one answer to a problem or disagree amongst themselves. In this engaging book, Henry Pollack guides the reader through the maze of contradiction and uncertainty, acquainting them with the ways that uncertainty arises in science, how scientists accommodate and make use of uncertainty, and how in the face of uncertainty they reach their conclusions. Taking examples from recent science headlines and every day life, Uncertain Science … Uncertain World enables the reader to evaluate uncertainty from their own perspectives, and find out more about how science actually works.
DNA Microarrays and Gene Expression
Authors: Baldi Pierre , Hatfield G. Wesley
Published: December 2009

Massive data acquisition technologies, such as genome sequencing, high-throughput drug screening, and DNA arrays are in the process of revolutionizing biology and medicine. Using the mRNA of a given cell, at a given time, under a given set of conditions, DNA microarrays can provide a snapshot of the level of expression of all the genes in the cell. Such snapshots can be used to study fundamental biological phenomena such as development or evolution, to determine the function of new genes, to infer the role individual genes or groups of genes may play in diseases, and to monitor the effect of drugs and other compounds on gene expression. Originally published in 2002, this inter-disciplinary introduction to DNA arrays will be of value to anyone with an a interest in this powerful technology.
Spatial Ecological-Economic Analysis for Wetland Management
Authors: Bergh Jeroen C. J. M. , Barendregt Aat , Gilbert Alison J.
Published: December 2009

This book was first published in 2004. Wetlands are very sensitive and valuable ecosystems that are subject to much stress from human activities. The study presented here has developed an innovative triple layer framework for analysis of wetland management. This approach provides support for spatial matching between physical planning, hydrological and ecological processes, and economic activities. The authors describe how integrated modelling at the regional scale can be achieved in practice. Following an introduction to wetlands, theoretical aspects of the contributing disciplines are discussed, as well as various aspects of integrated and spatial modelling. An applied integrated assessment of spatial wetland management for the Vecht area between Amsterdam and Utrecht is then presented. This assessment has resulted in a set of linked hydrological, ecological and economic models, formulated at the level of grids and polders, and various types of evaluations and rankings of scenarios. The results indicate the value of maintaining spatial detail for as long as possible.
The Bioarchaeology of Children
Authors: Lewis Mary E.
Published: December 2009

This book is entirely devoted to the study of children's skeletons from archaeological and forensic contexts. It provides an extensive review of the osteological methods and theoretical concepts of their analysis. Non-adult skeletons provide a wealth of information on the physical and social life of the child from their growth, diet and age at death, to factors that expose them to trauma and disease at different stages of their lives. This book covers the factors that affect non-adult skeletal preservation; the assessment of their age, sex and ancestry; growth and development; infant and child mortality including infanticide; weaning ages and disease of dietary deficiency; skeletal pathology; personal identification and exposure to trauma from birth injuries, accidents and child abuse; providing insights for graduates and postgraduates in osteology, palaeopathology and forensic anthropology.
The Large Sieve and its Applications
Authors: Kowalski E.
Published: December 2009

Among the modern methods used to study prime numbers, the 'sieve' has been one of the most efficient. Originally conceived by Linnik in 1941, the 'large sieve' has developed extensively since the 1960s, with a recent realisation that the underlying principles were capable of applications going well beyond prime number theory. This book develops a general form of sieve inequality, and describes its varied applications, including the study of families of zeta functions of algebraic curves over finite fields; arithmetic properties of characteristic polynomials of random unimodular matrices; homological properties of random 3-manifolds; and the average number of primes dividing the denominators of rational points on elliptic curves. Also covered in detail are the tools of harmonic analysis used to implement the forms of the large sieve inequality, including the Riemann Hypothesis over finite fields, and Property (T) or Property (tau) for discrete groups.
An Introduction to Involutive Structures
Authors: Berhanu Shiferaw , Cordaro Paulo D. , Hounie Jorge
Published: December 2009

Detailing the main methods in the theory of involutive systems of complex vector fields this book examines the major results from the last twenty five years in the subject. One of the key tools of the subject - the Baouendi-Treves approximation theorem - is proved for many function spaces. This in turn is applied to questions in partial differential equations and several complex variables. Many basic problems such as regularity, unique continuation and boundary behaviour of the solutions are explored. The local solvability of systems of partial differential equations is studied in some detail. The book provides a solid background for others new to the field and also contains a treatment of many recent results which will be of interest to researchers in the subject.
Semiotics in Information Systems Engineering
Authors: Liu Kecheng
Published: December 2009

Semiotics, the science of signs, has long been recognised as an important discipline for understanding information and communications. Moreover it has found wide application in other areas of computer science, as it offers an effective insight into organisations and the computer systems that support them. An organisation may be viewed as a system of information and communication in which human actors, with the assistance of information technology, are able to process, represent, store and consume information. Computer systems that fit into an organisation and that support and enhance its performance and competitiveness, can be better delivered if semiotic principles are understood and applied. In this book, first published in 2000, semiotic methods are introduced and illustrated through three major case studies, which demonstrate how information systems can be developed to meet business requirements and support business objectives. It will appeal to academics, systems developers and analysts.
Learning Medicine
Authors: Richards Peter , Stockill Simon , Foster Rosalind , Ingall Elizabeth
Published: December 2009

Learning Medicine is a must-read for anyone thinking of a career in medicine, or who is already in the training process and wants to understand and explore the various options and alternatives along the way. Whatever your background, whether you are school-leaver or mature student, if you are interested in finding out more about becoming and being a good doctor, this is the book for you. In continuous publication since 1983, and now in its eighteenth edition, Learning Medicine provides the most current, honest and informative source of essential knowledge combined with pragmatic guidance. Learning Medicine describes medical school courses, explains foundation years and outlines the wide range of speciality choices allowing tomorrow's doctors to decide about their future careers; but it also goes further to consider the privilege and responsibility of being a doctor, providing food for thought and reflection throughout a long and rewarding career.
Mortality amongst Illicit Drug Users
Authors: Darke Shane , Degenhardt Louisa , Mattick Richard
Published: December 2009

Over the past 40 years the rate of illicit drug use worldwide has risen dramatically, and with it the number of deaths reported among drug-using populations. What are the clinical, ethical and psychopathological implications of these deaths? In this book, Shane Darke and his team provide the first full, synthetic review of the epidemiology, causes, prevalence, demography, and associated risk factors of illicit-drug-related mortality. In addition, they examine and evaluate interventions to reduce these deaths. The major causes of death among illicit drug users are overdose, disease, suicide and trauma. Each is independently examined. This is an important book for all clinicians and policy-makers involved in issues relating to illicit drug use.
Physical Illness and Schizophrenia
Authors: Leucht Stefan , Burkard Tonja , Henderson John H. , Maj Mario , Sartorius Norman
Published: December 2009

It is well established that people suffering from schizophrenia have a higher prevalence of serious physical illness and a higher mortality than the general population. This book provides the first comprehensive and systematic review of current research evidence on the prevalence of physical diseases in people with schizophrenia, a disorder afflicting approximately 1% of the global population, and a group with mortality rates twice as high as the general population. The epidemiological data described in this book will provide the basis for improved awareness of these problems and better treatment for patients. This is the first in a series of books addressing an issue emerging as a priority in the mental health field: the timely and proper recognition of physical health problems in people with mental disorders. They should be read by policy makers, service managers, mental health professionals and general practitioners.
An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine
Authors: Mahadevan Swaminatha V. , Garmel Gus M.
Published: December 2009

Now with updated ACLS algorithms An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine is a much-needed resource for individuals practicing in this challenging field. It takes a novel approach, describing in detail the best and most current methods including initial patient evaluation, generation of differential diagnoses, problem-solving and management of challenging conditions based on presenting symptoms. Unlike other textbooks, in which the diagnosis is known, this textbook approaches clinical problems as clinicians approach patients - without full knowledge of the final diagnosis. It provides an understanding of how to approach patients with undifferentiated conditions, ask the right questions, gather historical data, utilize physical examination skills and order and interpret laboratory and radiographic tests. It provides current management and disposition strategies with controversies presented, including pearls and summary points for each topic covered. The book is multi-author, each contributor chosen because of a track record in teaching as well as being internationally recognised experts in the specialty.
A low-cost, endoscopic, digital, still and video photography system for ENT clinics
Authors: Howes B W , Repanos C
Published: December 2009

Image capture systems that display and record endoscopic images are important for documentation and teaching. We have modified a universal serial bus microscope to couple with most clinical endoscopes used in our practice. This very economical device produces images suitable for teaching, and potentially for clinical use. The implications of this could be significant for teaching, patient education, documentation and the developing world.
The influence of human settlements on the parasite community in two species of Peruvian tamarin
Authors: WENZ A. , HEYMANN E. W. , PETNEY T. N. , TARASCHEWSKI H. F.
Published: December 2009

Although there is a growing recognition that the transfer of diseases between humans and non-human primates can be of great significance for conservation biology, there have been only a few studies focusing on parasites. In this study, saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) and moustached tamarin (Saguinus mystax) from the rainforest of the Peruvian lowlands were used as models to determine helminth parasite associations between canopy-dwelling primate species and a nearby human settlement. The human population showed high prevalences of infestation with a number of nematodes, includingAscaris lumbricoides(88·9%),Trichuris trichiura(37%) and hookworms (55·6%). However, the ova of these geohelminths were not detectable in tamarin faeces. Thus, no direct parasite transfer from humans to non-human primates could be documented. However, tamarin groups with more frequent contact to humans and their facilities had significantly higher prevalences and egg output ofProsthenorchis elegans, an important primate pathogen, than a forest group. In contrast, a cestode was significantly more common with more egg output in sylvatic than in human-associated groups. Human alteration of the habitat is likely to play a major role in determining the occurrence, prevalence and intensity of helminth infestation of wild non-human primates.
Contrasting detachment strategies in two congeneric ticks (Ixodidae) parasitizing the same songbird
Authors: HEYLEN D. J. A. , MATTHYSEN E.
Published: December 2009

In non-permanent parasites the separation from the host should take place in suitable habitats that allow the continuation of their life cycle. Furthermore, detachment strategies determine the parasites' dispersal capability, a characteristic on which epidemiological dynamics and the evolution of host specificity centre. In this study we experimentally investigate in the laboratory how 2 congeneric tick species, with contrasting habitat requirements, time detachment from one of their current songbird hosts (Parus major).Ixodes arboricolais a nidicolous tick, infesting bats and birds breeding or roosting in tree holes.Ixodes ricinusis a non-nidicolous generalist that parasitizes mammals, birds and even reptiles. We experimentally infested full-grown great tits,P. major, and found thatI. arboricoladetaches during the night, the moment whenP. majorsleeps in tree holes. In contrast,I. ricinusdetaches during the day, the moment when birds are most active. In addition we found that allI. ricinusimmatures left the birds within 5.5 days, while inI. arboricolathe detachment time was long (up to 20 days) and highly variable. We discuss these findings with respect to their implications on the ticks' dispersal capability and host specificity.
Inhibitory effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea on the growth of Babesia parasites
Authors: ABOULAILA M. , YOKOYAMA N. , IGARASHI I.
Published: December 2009

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major tea catechin and accounts for 50–80% of the total catechin in green tea. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-trypanocidal activities. This report describes the inhibitory effect of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the in vitro growth of bovine Babesia parasites and the in vivo growth of the mouse-adapted rodent babesia B. microti. The in vitro growth of the Babesia species was significantly (P<0·05) inhibited in the presence of micromolar concentrations of EGCG (IC50 values=18 and 25 μM for B. bovis, and B. bigemina, respectively). The parasites showed no re-growth at 25 μM for B. bovis and B. bigemina in the subsequent viability test. The drug significantly (P<0·05) inhibited the growth of B. microti at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight, and the parasites completely cleared on day 14 and 16 post-inoculation in the 5 and 10 mg/kg treated groups, respectively. These findings highlight the potentiality of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of babesiosis.
Single-particle reconstruction of biological macromolecules in electron microscopy – 30 years
Authors: Frank Joachim
Published: December 2009

This essay gives the autho's personal account on the development of concepts underlying single-particle reconstruction, a technique in electron microscopy of macromolecular assemblies with a remarkable record of achievements as of late. The ribosome proved to be an ideal testing ground for the development of specimen preparation methods, cryo-EM techniques, and algorithms, with discoveries along the way as a rich reward. Increasingly, cryo-EM and single-particle reconstruction, in combination with classification techniques, is revealing dynamic information on functional molecular machines uninhibited by molecular contacts.
Elongation in translation as a dynamic interaction among the ribosome, tRNA, and elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu
Authors: Agirrezabala Xabier , Frank Joachim
Published: December 2009

The ribosome is a complex macromolecular machine that translates the message encoded in the messenger RNA and synthesizes polypeptides by linking the individual amino acids carried by the cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The protein elongation cycle, during which the tRNAs traverse the ribosome in a coordinated manner along a path of more than 100 Å, is facilitated by large-scale rearrangements of the ribosome. These rearrangements go hand in hand with conformational changes of tRNA as well as elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-G – GTPases that catalyze tRNA delivery and translocation, respectively. This review focuses on the structural data related to the dynamics of the ribosomal machinery, which are the basis, in conjunction with existing biochemical, kinetic, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer data, of our knowledge of the decoding and translocation steps of protein elongation.
Rethinking the acquisition of relative clauses in Italian: towards a grammatically based account
Authors: ADANI FLAVIA
Published: December 2009

In a number of studies, the acquisition of restrictive relative clauses (RCs) shows contrasting findings regarding comprehension and production, with the former usually delayed up to the age of five. As previously claimed in the literature, we suggest that this delay is a task artifact and we present a new procedure for the assessment of restrictive RCs. Data from three- to seven-year-old Italian children were collected and results show that children understand object RCs with preverbal subject in an adult-like manner at four years of age, but some of the three-year-old children were already above chance. Subject relatives show at ceiling performance from three years of age. We consider our results as evidence of continuity between early and adult competence grammars. Children's non-target responses are interpreted as grammatical options exploited by an immature performance system.
Choosing Deafness with Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: An Ethical Way to Carry on a Cultural Bloodline?
Authors: CAMPORESI SILVIA
Published: December 2009

These words were written by ethicist Jonathan Glover in his paper “Future People, Disability and Screening” in 1992. Whereas screening and choosing for a disability remained a theoretical possibility 16 years ago, it has now become reality. In 2006, Susannah Baruch and colleagues at John Hopkins University published a survey of 190 American preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) clinics, and found that 3% reported having the intentional use of PGD “to select an embryo for the presence of a disability.” Even before, in 2002, a controversy was generated by the case of Candace A. McCullough and Sharon M. Duchesneau, a lesbian and deaf couple from Maryland who set out to have a deaf child (then, Gauvin) by intentionally soliciting a deaf sperm donor.