bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyphenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. Used in Folk Medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Unuofin Jeremiah Oshiomame , Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: May 2018

Vernonia mespilifolia Less. is a shrub of the Asteraceae family used in the South African traditional medicine system for the management of weight loss, hypertension, and heartwater disease. There is a need for scientific evaluation to validate its ethnomedicinal usage. In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different solvent extracts (acetone, aqueous, and ethanol) of the whole plant of Vernonia mespilifolia spectrophotometric and agar dilution techniques, respectively. The result revealed varying amounts of polyphenolics in the different solvent extracts corresponding to the antioxidant activities. Also, only the acetone and ethanol extracts inhibited the growth of the selected bacteria and fungi. These findings reveal that the extracts have strong bioactive compounds and hence support its ethnomedicinal application.
Opportunities for Inpatient Room Designs That Facilitate Imaging Professionals in Providing Diagnostic Patient Care: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Evans Kevin D. , Sommerich Carolyn M. , Sanders Elizabeth B.-N. , Patterson Emily S. , Li Jing , Lavender Steve A.
Published: May 2018

An increase in providing hospital bedside imaging examinations could be contributing to the risk of musculoskeletal injuries among imaging professionals. Given the increasing demand for portable bedside imaging, a research project was conducted in three phases: (1) interviews and focus group sessions, (2) full-scale mock-up sessions where occupational stakeholders created prototype rooms, and (3) evaluation sessions of inpatient room prototypes by all stakeholders. The study data from diagnostic medical sonographers (DMS), cardiac sonographers (CS), vascular technologists (VT), and radiographers (RTs) were retrospectively pulled from the overall research to address the following research question: What hospital room designs and components facilitate or hinder medical imaging professionals in providing bedside imaging? Data analyses utilize constant comparative analysis, quantitative counts, and discourse analysis across all three phases of the project. The results highlight the importance of a working area surrounding the patient’s bed that allows for imaging and patient care activities. And this study provides new evidence to inform design considerations that could facilitate the performance of diagnostic patient care at the bedside and reduce exposure to work-related musculoskeletal disorder risks factors.
Unrelated cord blood transplantation in patients with idiopathic refractory severe aplastic anemia: a nationwide phase 2 study
Authors: Peffault de Latour Regis , Chevret Sylvie , Jubert Charlotte , Sirvent Anne , Galambrun Claire , Ruggeri Annalisa , Gandemer Virginie , Cornillon Jérôme , Rialland Fanny , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Forcade Edouard , Bruno Benedicte , Paillard Catherine , Rorlich Pierre S. , Salmon Alexandra , Fürst Sabine , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Rubio Marie Therese , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Mohty Mohamad , Larghero Jerome , Gluckman Eliane , Socié Gerard
Published: May 2018

Key Points

CBT after FLU-CY-ATG-2-Gy TBI with at least 4 × 107 frozen NCs per kilogram leads to satisfactory OS in refractory SAA. CBT is a valuable curative option in young patients with refractory idiopathic SAA and no available matched unrelated donors.
Abnormal plasma clot formation and fibrinolysis reveal bleeding tendency in patients with partial factor XI deficiency
Authors: Gidley Gillian N. , Holle Lori A. , Burthem John , Bolton-Maggs Paula H. B. , Lin Feng-Chang , Wolberg Alisa S.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Platelet-poor plasma clotting and fibrinolysis assays detect bleeding tendency in patients with factor XI deficiency. Contact pathway inhibition with corn trypsin inhibitor increases sensitivity of these assays to bleeding tendency.
Homeostatic plasticity in neural development
Authors: Tien Nai-Wen , Kerschensteiner Daniel
Published: May 2018

Throughout life, neural circuits change their connectivity, especially during development, when neurons frequently extend and retract dendrites and axons, and form and eliminate synapses. In spite of their changing connectivity, neural circuits maintain relatively constant activity levels. Neural circuits achieve functional stability by homeostatic plasticity, which equipoises intrinsic excitability and synaptic strength, balances network excitation and inhibition, and coordinates changes in circuit connectivity. Here, we review how diverse mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity stabilize activity in developing neural circuits.
Development, functional organization, and evolution of vertebrate axial motor circuits
Authors: D’Elia Kristen P. , Dasen Jeremy S.
Published: May 2018

Neuronal control of muscles associated with the central body axis is an ancient and essential function of the nervous systems of most animal species. Throughout the course of vertebrate evolution, motor circuits dedicated to control of axial muscle have undergone significant changes in their roles within the motor system. In most fish species, axial circuits are critical for coordinating muscle activation sequences essential for locomotion and play important roles in postural correction. In tetrapods, axial circuits have evolved unique functions essential to terrestrial life, including maintaining spinal alignment and breathing. Despite the diverse roles of axial neural circuits in motor behaviors, the genetic programs underlying their assembly are poorly understood. In this review, we describe recent studies that have shed light on the development of axial motor circuits and compare and contrast the strategies used to wire these neural networks in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrate species.
Sustainable approach for development of antimicrobial textile material using nanoemulsion for wound care applications
Authors: Gotmare Vijay D. , Kole Sushant S. , Athawale Rajani B.
Published: May 2018

Development of nanostructured textile material using sustainable finishing route and to evaluate its performance in the areas like wound management is challenging task. Stable and eco-friendly o/w nanoemulsion of tetrahydroxy curcumin derivative was developed by using high pressure homogenization method. The stable nanoemulsion for the selected drug was developed and evaluated for appearance, particle size distribution (100–300 nm), zeta potential (− 30.1 to − 31.1 mV) and drug content (80–83.3%). Nanoemulsion containing antimicrobial drug were impregnated on the textile material by exhaust methods using β-cyclodextrin and polycarboxylic acid as a crosslinking agent. Treated textile material is evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against standard antimicrobial strip using both AATCC 147 and AATCC 100, treated samples shows positive results against both positive and negative bacteria. Current eco-friendly technique would be innovative step towards development of medical textile for wound care applications.
Comparing Postnatal Development of Gonadal Hormones and Associated Social Behaviors in Rats, Mice, and Humans
Authors: Bell Margaret R
Published: May 2018

Postnatal development includes dramatic changes in gonadal hormones and the many social behaviors they help regulate, both in rodents and humans. Parental care-seeking is the most salient social interaction in neonates and infants, play and prosocial behaviors are commonly studied in juveniles, and the development of aggression and sexual behavior begins in peripubertal stages but continues through late adolescence into adulthood. Although parental behaviors are shown after reproductive success in adulthood, alloparenting behaviors are actually high in juveniles as well. These behaviors are sensitive to both early-life organizational effects of gonadal hormones and later-life activational regulation. However, changes in circulating gonadal hormones and the display of the previous behaviors over development differ between rats, mice, and humans. These endpoints are of interest to endocrinologist, toxicologists, and neuroscientists because of their relevance to mental health disorders and their vulnerability to effects of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure. As such, the goal of this mini-review is to succinctly describe and relate the postnatal development of gonadal hormones and social behaviors to each other, over time, and across animal models. Ideally, this will help identify appropriate animal models and age ranges for continued study of both normative development and in contexts of environmental disruption.
Reversing Course on Obamacare: Why Not Another Medicare Catastrophic?
Authors: Peterson Mark A.
Published: May 2018

Nearly three decades before the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was put on the precipice of repeal by the 2016 election of a unified Republican government, the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act (MCCA) was enacted with fanfare by one Congress and dismantled by the next. As the one social program terminated by Congress—also involving health care coverage expansions for millions of beneficiaries and imposing costs on identifiable constituencies—the MCCA experience could provide insights into the politics that define the fate of the ACA. This article compares and contrasts the two episodes, focusing on the political-institutional contexts of each case, the processes that produced the shifting coalitions from enactment to repeal, and the policy attributes that posed risks or provided protection to each program. The political-institutional contexts and the processes of coalition change could hardly have been more different for MCCA and ACA. However, they had some shared vulnerabilities stemming from program design. The ACA survived the political weakness inherent in its policy attributes due to its particular balance and timing of benefits and costs and by being shielded long enough by election results and the constitutional separation of powers to have its benefits take root.
The developmental origin of brain tumours: a cellular and molecular framework
Authors: Azzarelli Roberta , Simons Benjamin D. , Philpott Anna
Published: May 2018

The development of the nervous system relies on the coordinated regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The discovery that brain tumours contain a subpopulation of cells with stem/progenitor characteristics that are capable of sustaining tumour growth has emphasized the importance of understanding the cellular dynamics and the molecular pathways regulating neural stem cell behaviour. By focusing on recent work on glioma and medulloblastoma, we review how lineage tracing contributed to dissecting the embryonic origin of brain tumours and how lineage-specific mechanisms that regulate stem cell behaviour in the embryo may be subverted in cancer to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and suppression of differentiation.
Synergistic anti-proliferative effect of mTOR inhibitor (rad001) plus gemcitabine on cholangiocarcinoma by decreasing choline kinase activity
Authors: Lin Gigin , Lin Kun-Ju , Wang Frank , Chen Tse-Ching , Yen Tzu-Chen , Yeh Ta-Sen
Published: May 2018

Although gemcitabine plus cisplatin is the gold standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced cholangiocarcinoma, the response rate has been disappointing. This study aims to investigate a novel therapeutic regimen (gemcitabine plus rad001, an mTOR inhibitor) for cholangiocarcinoma. Gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, cetuximab, and rad001 in various combinations were first evaluated in vitro using six cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. In vivo therapeutic efficacies of gemcitabine, rad001 alone and combination were further evaluated using a xenograft mouse model and a chemically induced orthotopic cholangiocarcinoma rat model. In the in vitro study, gemcitabine plus rad001 exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect on the cholangiocarcinoma cells irrespective of the k-ras status. In the xenograft study, gemcitabine plus rad001 showed the best therapeutic effect on tumor volume change, which was associated with an increased caspase-3 expression, a decreased eIF4E expression, as well as overexpression of both death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related genes. In a chemically-induced cholangiocarcinoma-afflicted rat model, the gemcitabine plus rad001 treatment suppressed tumor glycolysis as measured by 18F FDG micro-PET (positron emission tomography). Also, an increased intra-tumoral free choline, a decreased glycerophosphocholine and nearly undetectable phosphocholine levels were demonstrated by proton NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), supported by a decreased choline kinase expression on Western blotting. We concluded that gemcitabine plus rad001 has a synergistic anti-proliferative effect on the cholangiocarcinoma irrespective of the k-ras status. The antitumor effect is associated with the flare-ups of both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, as well as the down-regulation of the choline kinase activity, resulting in a characteristic change of choline metabolism.
Static and Dynamic Structures of Perovskite Halides ABX3 (B = Pb, Sn) and Their Characteristic Semiconducting Properties by a Hückel Analytical Calculation
Authors: Yamada Koji , Hino Satomi , Hirose Satoshi , Yamane Yohei , Turkevych Ivan , Urano Toshiyuki , Tomiyasu Hiroshi , Yamagishi Hideo , Aramaki Shinji
Published: May 2018

Solid solutions of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, abbreviated as MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (CH(NH2)2PbI3, as FAPbI3), which have been expected to be suitable materials as a visible light absorber of solar cells, were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), XRD, 1H, 207Pb NMR and 127I nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). Continuous solid solutions of MAPbI3 and FAPbI3 were confirmed to have a cubic perovskite structure at 298 K except the tetragonal MAPbI3.127I NQR spectra as well as DTA for CH3NH3PbI3 showed successive phase transitions at 162 K and 333 K associated with the space group transformation from Pnma, I4/mcm to Pm$\bar{3}$m. FAPbI3 (Black phase) showed similar successive phase transitions at around 120–140 K and 283 K. The motional narrowing phenomenon observed on the 207Pb NMR proved useful to evaluate the halide ion migration and the activation energies were estimated to be ca. 48 kJ/mol for APbBr3 (A = Cs and CH3NH3), while the narrowing phenomena could not be observed clearly for MAPbI3 below 500 K, suggesting a lower concentration of vacancies than bromide analogs. Finally, Hückel calculations were performed for ABX3 (B = Sn, Pb) to demonstrate their excellent performance as a visible light absorber of solar cells, i.e., the direct band gap transition with a tunable property and the small effective masses of electron and hole.
Protonated Bis-1,2,3-triazole as an Anion-Binding Chiral Brønsted Acid for Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Imines
Authors: Furukawa Yukino , Suzuki Ryuhei , Nakashima Tsubasa , Gramage-Doria Rafael , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Ooi Takashi
Published: May 2018

The complex of chiral C2-symmetric bis-1,2,3-triazole and an achiral Brønsted acid is introduced as a new class of chiral acid catalysts. The catalytic activity and stereocontrolling ability of this chiral Brønsted acid can be tuned simply by changing the achiral acid. The synthetic relevance of this salient feature is demonstrated in the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with N-sulfonyl imines.
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of infant exposure to efavirenz through breastfeeding
Authors: Olagunju Adeniyi , Rajoli Rajith K. R. , Atoyebi Shakir A. , Khoo Saye , Owen Andrew , Siccardi Marco
Published: May 2018

Background: Very little is known about the level of infant exposure to many drugs commonly used during breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting infant exposure to maternal efavirenz through breastmilk.

Methods: A breastfeeding PBPK model combining whole-body maternal and infant sub-models was constructed from drug-specific and system parameters affecting drug disposition using mathematical descriptions. The model was validated against published data on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in nursing mother-infant pairs. Further simulations were conducted to assess exposure in the context of the 400 mg reduced dose of efavirenz as well as best- and worse-case scenarios.

Results: The model adequately described efavirenz pharmacokinetics, with over 80% of observed data points (203 matched breast milk and plasma pairs) within the predictive interval. All parameters were within 2-fold difference of clinical data. Median (range) predicted versus observed breast milk AUC0-24, Cmax and Cmin at the standard 600 mg dose were 75.0 (18.5-324) versus 68.5 (26.3-257) µg.hr/mL, 4.56 (1.17-16.0) versus 5.39 (1.43-18.4) µg/mL, and 2.11 (0.38-12.3) versus 1.68 (0.316-9.57) µg/mL, respectively. Predicted plasma AUC0-24, Cmax and Cmin at 400 mg reduced dose were similar to clinical data from non-breastfeeding adults. Model-predicted infant plasma concentrations were similar to clinical data, 0.15 (0.026–0.78) μg/mL at the 400 mg maternal dose in pooled analysis, approximately 25% lower than simulated exposure at 600 mg. The maximum exposure index was observed in the youngest infants, 5.9% (2.2-20) at 400 mg and 8.7% (3.2-29) at 600 mg. Thirteen and 36% of 10 days-1 month old infants were predicted to have exposure index above the 10% recommended threshold at 400 mg and 600 mg maternal dose, respectively.

Conclusions: This application of PBPK modelling opens up opportunities for expanding our understanding of infant exposure to maternal drugs through breastfeeding.
Simulation and visualization of multiple KEGG pathways using BioNSi
Authors: Yeheskel Adva , Reiter Adam , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Rubinstein Amir
Published: May 2018

Motivation: Many biologists are discouraged from using network simulation tools because these require manual, often tedious network construction. This situation calls for building new tools or extending existing ones with the ability to import biological pathways previously deposited in databases and analyze them, in order to produce novel biological insights at the pathway level.

Results: We have extended a network simulation tool (BioNSi), which now allows merging of multiple pathways from the KEGG pathway database into a single, coherent network, and visualizing its properties. Furthermore, the enhanced tool enables loading experimental expression data into the network and simulating its dynamics under various biological conditions or perturbations. As a proof of concept, we tested two sets of published experimental data, one related to inflammatory bowel disease condition and the other to breast cancer treatment. We predict some of the major observations obtained following these laboratory experiments, and provide new insights that may shed additional light on these results.

Tool requirements: Cytoscape 3.x, JAVA 8

Availability: The tool is freely available at http://bionsi.wix.com/bionsi, where a complete user guide and a step-by-step manual can also be found.
Recent advances in the understanding and management of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations
Authors: Skolnik Kate , Quon Bradley S.
Published: May 2018

Pulmonary exacerbations are common events in cystic fibrosis and have a profound impact on quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Pulmonary exacerbation outcomes remain poor and a significant proportion of patients fail to recover their baseline lung function despite receiving aggressive treatment with intravenous antibiotics. This focused review provides an update on some of the recent advances that have taken place in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis as well as direction for future study.
Birds of primary and secondary forest and shrub habitats in the peat swamp of Berbak National Park, Sumatra
Authors: Darras Kevin , Rahman Dedi , Sugito Waluyo , Mulyani Yeni , Prawiradilaga Dewi , Rozali Agus , Fitriawan Irfan , Tscharntke Teja
Published: May 2018

Background: Tropical lowland rainforests are threatened by deforestation and degradation worldwide. Relatively little research has investigated the degradation of the forests of South-east Asia and its impact on biodiversity, and even less research has focused on the important peat swamp forests of Indonesia, which experienced major losses through severe fires in 2015.

Methods: We acoustically sampled the avifauna of the Berbak National Park in 2013 in 12 plots split in three habitats: primary swamp forest, secondary swamp forest, and shrub swamp, respectively representing non-degraded, previously selectively logged, and burned habitats. We analysed the species richness, abundance, vocalisation activity, and community composition across acoustic counts, plots, feeding guilds and IUCN Red List categories. We also analysed community-weighted means of body mass, wing length, and distribution area.

Results: The avifauna in the three habitats was remarkably similar in richness, abundance and vocalisation activity, and communities mainly differed due to a lower prevalence of understory insectivores (Old-World Babblers, Timaliidae) in shrub swamp. However primary forest retained twice as many conservation-worthy species as shrub swamp, which harboured heavier, probably more mobile species, with larger distributions than those of forest habitats.

Conclusions: The National Park overall harboured higher bird abundances than nearby lowland rainforests. Protecting the remaining peat swamp forest in this little-known National Park should be a high conservation priority in the light of the current threats coming from wildlife trade, illegal logging, land use conversion, and man-made fires.
Status of drowning in Nepal: A study of central police data
Authors: Sedain Bhagabati , Pant Puspa Raj
Published: May 2018

Background:  Drowning is a serious and mostly preventable injury-related cause of death. Low-and-middle income countries represent 90% of total drowning deaths worldwide. There is lack of epidemiological studies of drowning in Nepal. The aim of this paper is to describe the status of drowning in Nepal.

Methods: Cases of drowning, occurring between January 2013 and December 2015 were extracted from the Daily Incident Recording System of Nepal Police. Variables on age, sex of the deceased, types of water bodies, places, season when drowning occurred and activities of deceased were extracted and descriptive analysis was done.

Results: A total of 1,507 drowning cases were recorded over a 3 year period. The rate of drowning was 1.9 per 100,000 (2.95 for males and 0.92 for females). Majority of drowning occurred among males (76%) and more than half were (53%) under 20 years of age. Mostly drowning occurred in rivers (natural water bodies). The findings provide strong indication that drowning occurs throughout the year in Nepal. Children were highly vulnerable to drowning. The magnitude of drowning was found to be lower than estimated by global burden of disease (GBD) study.

Conclusion: The burden of drowning in Nepal is considerable, but mostly unknown to the public. Despite only having access to a limited data source, this study provides useful evidence that comprehensive research in Nepal is needed urgently.
Promoting men’s awareness, self-examination, and help-seeking for testicular disorders: a systematic review of interventions
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , Davoren Martin P. , Murphy Aileen , Murphy David , Cooke Eoghan , Landers Margaret , Fitzgerald Serena , Richardson Noel , Rovito Michael J. , Von Wagner Christian , Murphy Mike , Dahly Darren , Hegarty Josephine
Published: May 2018

Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is commonly diagnosed among men aged 15-40 years. The incidence of TC is on the rise. Benign testicular disorders such as testicular torsion and epididymitis can lead to testicular ischemia, sepsis, and infertility if left untreated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of studies promoting men’s knowledge and awareness of testicular disorders and/or self-examination, behaviours and/or intentions to examine their testes, and help-seeking behaviours and/or intentions for testicular symptoms.

Methods: Academic Search Complete, Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ERIC, the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, Grey Literature Report, and Open Grey were searched for studies published between November 2014 and April 2018. The methodological quality and level of evidence per outcome were assessed. 

Results: There were five papers included: two were experimental studies, two were systematic reviews, and one was an integrative review. The majority of the reviewed interventions were successful in increasing men’s awareness of TC and self-examination. Examples include a television show featuring a celebrity with TC, a university campaign, and interactive educational sessions. The impact of the reviewed interventions on health beliefs (i.e. perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) varied across the reviewed literature. Studies promoting help-seeking for testicular symptoms and awareness of benign testicular disorders were lacking.

Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of evaluating educational interventions aimed at younger men, whilst raising their awareness of testicular disorders and increasing their help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms. Given the lack of consensus around scheduled testicular self-examination among younger men, clinicians are encouraged to instruct men to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of their own testes and to seek timely medical attention for abnormalities.

Registration: The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42018093671.
Consumer Subsidies with a Strategic Supplier: Commitment vs. Flexibility
Authors: Chemama Jonathan , Cohen Maxime C. , Lobel Ruben , Perakis Georgia
Published: May 2018

Governments use consumer incentives to promote green technologies (e.g., solar panels and electric vehicles). Our goal in this paper is to study how policy adjustments over time will interact with production decisions from the industry. We model the interaction between a government and an industry player in a two-period game setting under uncertain demand. We show how the timing of decisions affects the risk sharing between the government and the supplier, ultimately affecting the cost of the subsidy program. In particular, we show that when the government commits to a fixed policy, it encourages the supplier to produce more at the beginning of the horizon. Consequently, a flexible subsidy policy is on average more expensive, unless there is a significant negative demand correlation across time periods. However, we show that the variance of the total sales is lower in the flexible setting, implying that the government’s additional spending reduces the adoption level uncertainty. In addition, we show that for flexible policies, the supplier is better off in terms of expected profits, whereas the consumers can either benefit or not depending on the price elasticity of demand. Finally, we test our insights with a numerical example calibrated on data from a solar subsidy program.

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Option Prices in a Model with Stochastic Disaster Risk
Authors: Seo Sang Byung , Wachter Jessica A.
Published: May 2018

Contrary to well-known asset pricing models, volatilities implied by equity index options exceed realized stock market volatility and exhibit a pattern known as the volatility skew. We explain both facts using a model that can also account for the mean and volatility of equity returns. Our model assumes a small risk of economic disaster that is calibrated based on international data on large consumption declines. We allow the disaster probability to be stochastic, which turns out to be crucial to the model’s ability both to match equity volatility and to reconcile option prices with macroeconomic data on disasters.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Effective career development
Authors: Cunningham Maria
Published: May 2018

A good career development strategy is crucial to retaining staff but can be challenging to get right, especially in a primary school. Maria Cunningham offers her best practice advice
Securing funds from businesses
Authors: Best Brin
Published: May 2018

Continuing his recent series of fundraising advice articles, Brin Best looks at how schools should engage with business – both locally and further afield – in order to raise funds and attract other support
Supporting women with eating disorders during pregnancy and the postnatal period
Authors: Bye Amanda , Mackintosh Nicola , Sandall Jane , Easter Abigail , Walker Melita
Published: May 2018

The transition to motherhood can be challenging for many women due to the changes that are common to pregnancy, such as changes in appetite and body shape and weight. These challenges can be particularly pronounced for women with eating disorders. There is growing evidence that eating disorders can be associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes; and given the elevated risks, early identification and tailored antenatal and postnatal care are highly important. This article examines the role of the health visitor in supporting women with eating disorders during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Why do mothers stop breastfeeding before 6 months? A literature review
Authors: Wray Ashleigh , Garside Joanne
Published: May 2018

Breastfeeding has many psychological, physical and emotional benefits for both the mother and infant that increase and strengthen with its prolonged duration. This review was conducted with the aim of understanding the prevalent factors in breastfeeding discontinuation before 6 months. Seven studies met the search criteria following analysis and four themes emerged: lack of support; physical or emotional health of the mother; maternal choice; and insufficient milk supply. It became apparent that each of these themes was underpinned by a lack of support. The views of mothers crossed a range of sociodemographic differences and, although their views were based on their individual experiences, the value of support from health professionals, family and peers appears to be crucial.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in cattle: a discussion on vaccination and control
Authors: Caldow George , Geraghty Tim , Mason Colin , Carty Helen , Wilson David
Published: May 2018

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is a disease of significant financial importance in cattle systems throughout the world. The causal organism bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) is recognised as one of the agents involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex and infection with the virus also has an adverse impact on reproductive performance and can result in fetopathy. Latent viral infection is an important feature, allowing the virus to persist successfully in herds infecting successive generations of animals. In naïve animals BHV1 interferes with the innate response to infection by inhibiting interferon production and by infecting leukocytes, slowing the development of the immune response. Nevertheless recovery from infection is associated with a strong and life long immunity. A range of approaches have been taken to vaccination to protect against this disease, including gene-deleted marker vaccines that have facilitated a differentiation of infection from vaccination (DIVA) approach to diagnosis and herd level eradication. In general the diagnostic tests available are adequate to support herd and regional control and eradication programmes.
Reviews
Authors: Drábek Pavel , Raw Laurence
Published: May 2018

Adapting Translation for the Stage, Geraldine Brodie and Emma Cole (eds) (2017) London and New York: Routledge. 298 pp., ISBN: 9781138218871, h/bk, £110.00; ISBN: 9781315436814, e/bk, £35.99

The Translator on Stage, Geraldine Brodie (2018) New York: Bloomsbury. 208 pp., ISBN: 9781501322112, h/bk, £96.00; ISBN: 9781501322105, p/bk, £23.99; ISBN: 9781501322136, e/bk, £25.99

Writing for Radio, Christopher William Hill (2015) London: Bloomsbury, 163 pp., ISBN: 978-1-408-13983-7, p/bk, £16.99
Slow burn: James M. Cain, slow cinema and György Fehér’s Szenvedély
Authors: Hodgkins John
Published: May 2018

Few novels have proven as alluring to filmmakers as James M. Cain’s The Postman Always Rings Twice, which since its publication in 1934 has been adapted to the screen seven times in six different countries. This article focuses on one such adaptation – a film that has to date received little critical attention: György Fehér’s Szenvedély (or Passion) from 1998. More precisely, it positions Szenvedély as a work of ‘slow cinema’, arguing that Fehér’s film draws heavily on the aesthetic practices of this emergent genre in its creative engagement with Cain’s story of lust and murder, its engagement with the affective economy generated by Cain’s text, and the intensities this fosters. With an emphasis on affect and lived time over narrative momentum and causality, Szenvedély’s affords viewers a temporally engrossing, viscerally arresting cinematic experience that – in its own distinctive, insinuative manner – is downright Cainsian in its power to move and shock.
Cultural continuity and national emasculation: Werner Herzog’s and Dariush Mehrjui’s cinematic adaptations of Georg Büchner’s Woyzeck
Authors: Kopp Daniel
Published: May 2018

Taking the example of German dramatist Georg Büchner’s play Woyzeck, this article presents several arguments to differentiate an influential discourse on film adaptations: the discourse of fidelity – the idea that adaptations are evaluated by their close translation of an original work of literature to the cinematic screen. After having criticized this discourse in terms of the textual and editorial status of Büchner’s drama, the article provides a comparative case study contrasting two adaptations of Georg Büchner’s Woyzeck to differentiate the issue: Werner Herzog’s approach Woyzeck (1979) and Dariush Mehrjui’s transcultural adaptation Postchi (Postman) (1972). While Herzog’s film is often considered a faithful adaption, it not only provides interesting transformations of Büchner’s drama but, as will be argued, Herzog chose his specific, theatricalized approach to make the film relevant to German audiences of the 1970s by recreating a lost connection to Germany’s cultural heritage. The supposed faithfulness of his adaptation has to be considered in this specific context. Mehrjui’s transcultural adaptation, in contrast, transposes Büchner’s Woyzeck to an Iranian context, making it relevant for specific historical and societal issues in Iran in the 1970s. Büchner’s Woyzeck, in which the theme of the eponymous character’s impotence plays an important role, becomes an allegorical story of national emasculation in Mehrjui’s adaptation. As different as Herzog’s and Mehrjui’s cinematic approaches and intentions may be – creating national cultural continuity versus creating a story of national emasculation – they both develop highly creative adaptations of Büchner’s Woyzeck.
Translatorial and editorial paratexts in the twentieth-century Polish Hamlets
Authors: Romanowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2018

Translatorial and editorial paratexts found in the twentieth-century Polish editions of Hamlet reveal a variety of socio-political and historico-literary contexts vital for the play’s reception and explaining its crucial position in the canon of Shakespearean translations. The article presents an analysis of introductions, prefaces, afterwords, notes, essays, commentaries and footnotes or endnotes that accompany the published versions authored by various translators between 1913 and 1997 and discusses the diversity of their content and functions with the aim of establishing a range of aspects that have been shaping the reception of this play in Poland.
Queer strangers: Alfred Hitchcock’s fidelity to Patricia Highsmith
Authors: Gaunson Stephen
Published: May 2018

In the growing interest of Alfred Hitchcock adaptations, this article discusses not necessarily why the director chose to adapt Patricia Highsmith’s debut novel, Strangers on a Train (1950, 1951), but how he adapted her. While this dualistically reveals much about the creative process of both the director and the novelist, it further begins to pay some due to the ways in which Hitchcock’s film is indebted to Highsmith’s structure, miasma and characters. Notwithstanding the acclaim to which Highsmith’s novel is now held within the fields of crime writing and the writer’s oeuvre, notable scholars writing on the film have been too quick to dismiss the novel as a rough plot for what Hitchcock developed to become the finished film. This article will go some way towards challenging this assertion.
Gorovodu: The Genesis of a “Hausa Vodun”
Authors: Brivio Alessandra
Published: May 2018

This article explores the genealogy of the gorovodu religious order, a relative newcomer in the wider vodun landscape of Togo and Benin. Gorovodu was born from the combination of many of the antiwitchcraft movements that swept across the Gold Coast between the 1910s and the 1930s. Crossing the Volta River to the east, these movements encountered a space dominated by vodun orders that were able to absorb and transform them gradually. In Togo and Benin, the northern gods lost their explicit association with witch finding and were recontextualized within the parameters of vodun practices while retaining their strong moralistic aptitude. What remained was a neat dichotomy between good and bad that was not so typical of vodun: gorovodu’s moral dictates were and are clear and offered a sense of stability by the immediacy of reward or punishment. This article analyzes the initial stages in the genesis of a new vodun and the transformation within an antiwitchcraft movement with the intention of showing the peculiar interaction between motion and the colonial encounters, the agency of charismatic leaders and the influences of world religions.
La actualidad de Francisco Suárez en la Edad De Plata Española
Authors: Manzanero Delia
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo expone la revitalización de los temas y la metodología jurídica de los clásicos hispanos de la Escuela del Derecho Natural, que tiene en Francisco Suárez a uno de sus más excelsos representantes, y que se despliega durante el último tercio del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX. Para tratar de esta etapa de revitalización de las tesis iusnaturalistas, subrayaremos las concomitancias existentes entre los krausistas decimonónicos españoles y las que vivieron los clásicos españoles, para llegar hasta lo que consideramos un eslabón imprescindible en esta fase de recuperación de la doctrina del Derecho Natural suareciana: la enjundiosa lectura que hace el iusfilósofo Luis Recaséns Siches de la obra jurídica de Francisco Suárez, donde se aprecia la fecunda inspiración contenida en la obra del gran clásico español y se desarrolla una concepción iusnaturalista depurada y a la altura de nuestro tiempo.
Addressing Endogeneity in International Marketing Applications of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Hult G. Tomas M. , Hair Joseph F. , Proksch Dorian , Sarstedt Marko , Pinkwart Andreas , Ringle Christian M.
Published: May 2018

Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a key method in international marketing research. Users of PLS-SEM have, however, largely overlooked the issue of endogeneity, which has become an integral component of regression analysis applications. This lack of attention is surprising because the PLS-SEM method is grounded in regression analysis, for which numerous approaches for handling endogeneity have been proposed. To identify and treat endogeneity, and create awareness of how to deal with this issue, this study introduces a systematic procedure that translates control variables, instrumental variables, and Gaussian copulas into a PLS-SEM framework. We illustrate the procedure's efficacy by means of empirical data and offer recommendations to guide international marketing researchers on how to effectively address endogeneity concerns in their PLS-SEM analyses.
Specialist Competitor Referrals: How Salespeople can Use Competitor Referrals for Nonfocal Products to Increase Focal Product Sales
Authors: Blanchard Simon J. , Hada Mahima , Carlson Kurt A.
Published: May 2018

Intuition suggests that a salesperson should not refer consumers to a competitor for products that they both sell. However, myriad examples reveal salespeople doing just that. The authors study specialist competitor referrals, a sales strategy by which one increases consumers’ purchase likelihood of a focal product (e.g., a painting at an art gallery) by (1) referring consumers to a competitor (e.g., a frame warehouse store) that offers a nonfocal product (e.g., a frame) at a lower price, while (2) stating that the stores differ in their specializations (i.e., the stores concentrate their efforts on different goods). Using a study and survey with salespeople, experimental studies, an incentivized negotiation experiment, and a field study, the authors show that specialist competitor referrals can indeed benefit sellers. Specifically, they build on equity theory to show that specialist competitor referrals increase focal product sales by reducing consumers’ perceived overpayment risk for the focal product via increasing perceived equity in the exchange. The authors also show that competitor referrals for nonfocal products that do not justify the price difference on the nonfocal product are ineffective.
Investigating the Influence of Characteristics of the New Product Introduction Process on Firm Value: The Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Sharma Amalesh , Saboo Alok R. , Kumar V.
Published: May 2018

Scholars identify several benefits of new product introductions (NPI), yet prior literature largely overlooks how the process of NPI generates marketplace insights and influences subsequent products. Building on the concept of absorptive capacity, the authors argue that the influence of products on firm value depends on process characteristics, namely, the pace, irregularity, and scope of NPI. Using data collected from multiple sources for products introduced by pharmaceutical firms between 1991 and 2015 and robust econometric methods that account for endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity, this study reveals that pace and scope have an inverted U-shaped effect on firm value, whereas irregularity negatively influences firm value. Moreover, strategic emphasis and product complexity negatively moderate the relationship of the irregularity and scope of NPI with firm value. This research documents the importance of adopting a portfolio approach to the sequential introduction of new products and incorporating insights gained from previous product introductions; it cautions managers against evaluating products in isolation. The authors discuss the economic significance of these results and provide actionable guidance for managers.
Sales-to-Marketing Job Transitions
Authors: Johnson Jeff S. , Matthes Joseph M.
Published: May 2018

Careers evolve over time and can take many paths as they develop. Within marketing and sales, a common variant of career progression is to begin in a sales position and then advance internally into a marketing role. Doing so provides employees with unique but complementary sets of skills, experiences, and perspectives that may increase their efficacy as marketers. However, sales-to-marketing job transitions (SMJTs) can also be suboptimal and result in adverse outcomes. Although the sales–marketing interface literature has examined how the two functions work together, the SMJT process is unclear. To provide an understanding of this phenomenon, the authors conduct in-depth interviews across a host of different companies and industries with 56 informants who successfully transitioned intraorganizationally from sales to marketing, informants who transitioned but did not remain in marketing, and executives. They develop a theoretical model consisting of transition motivation, acquisition, preparation, and encounter. They also advance individual and organizational facilitators of SMJTs and discuss SMJTs’ potential positive and negative effects on the organization.
Efficient Large-Scale Internet Media Selection Optimization for Online Display Advertising
Authors: Paulson Courtney , Luo Lan , James Gareth M.
Published: May 2018

In today's digital market, the number of websites available for advertising has ballooned into the millions. Consequently, firms often turn to ad agencies and demand-side platforms (DSPs) to decide how to allocate their Internet display advertising budgets. Nevertheless, most extant DSP algorithms are rule-based and strictly proprietary. This article is among the first efforts in marketing to develop a nonproprietary algorithm for optimal budget allocation of Internet display ads within the context of programmatic advertising. Unlike many DSP algorithms that treat each ad impression independently, this method explicitly accounts for viewership correlations across websites. Consequently, campaign managers can make optimal bidding decisions over the entire set of advertising opportunities. More Importantly, they can avoid overbidding for impressions from high-cost publishers, unless such sites reach an otherwise unreachable audience. The proposed method can also be used as a budget-setting tool, because it readily provides optimal bidding guidelines for a range of campaign budgets. Finally, this method can accommodate several practical considerations including consumer targeting, target frequency of ad exposure, and mandatory media coverage to matched content websites.
PICK1-Deficient Mice Exhibit Impaired Response to Cocaine and Dysregulated Dopamine Homeostasis
Authors: Jensen Kathrine Louise , Sørensen Gunnar , Dencker Ditte , Owens William Anthony , Rahbek-Clemmensen Troels , Brett Lever Michael , Runegaard Annika H. , Riis Christensen Nikolaj , Weikop Pia , Wörtwein Gitta , Fink-Jensen Anders , Madsen Kenneth L. , Daws Lynette , Gether Ulrik , Rickhag Mattias
Published: May 2018

Protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) is a widely expressed scaffold protein known to interact via its PSD-95/discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ)-domain with several membrane proteins including the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), the primary target for cocaine’s reinforcing actions. Here, we establish the importance of PICK1 for behavioral effects observed after both acute and repeated administration of cocaine. In PICK1 knock-out (KO) mice, the acute locomotor response to a single injection of cocaine was markedly attenuated. Moreover, in support of a role for PICK1 in neuroadaptive changes induced by cocaine, we observed diminished cocaine intake in a self-administration paradigm. Reduced behavioral effects of cocaine were not associated with decreased striatal DAT distribution and most likely not caused by the ∼30% reduction in synaptosomal DA uptake observed in PICK1 KO mice. The PICK1 KO mice demonstrated preserved behavioral responses to DA receptor agonists supporting intact downstream DA receptor signaling. Unexpectedly, we found a prominent increase in striatal DA content and levels of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in PICK1 KO mice. Chronoamperometric recordings showed enhanced DA release in PICK1 KO mice, consistent with increased striatal DA pools. Viral-mediated knock-down (KD) of PICK1 in cultured dopaminergic neurons increased TH expression, supporting a direct cellular effect of PICK1. In summary, in addition to demonstrating a key role of PICK1 in mediating behavioral effects of cocaine, our data reveal a so far unappreciated role of PICK1 in DA homeostasis that possibly involves negative regulation of striatal TH levels.