bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of tomato drying in a greenhouse type solar dryers with natural convection
Authors: Hikmatov Behzod , Mavlonov Ulug’bek , Juraev Khusniddin
Published: November 2024

In this work, the process of drying tomato products using two types of polyethylene as a transparent surface in natural convection solar dryers operating in direct heat transfer mode was studied. Traditional ordinary polyethylene and functional ceramic composite polyethylene based on mullite Al6Si2O13, designed for solar dryers that convert sunlight into infrared pulses, were used as transparent coatings. In functional ceramic composite polyethylene solar dryers, high-energy pulsed radiation energy allows to penetrate deep layers of dried products and evaporate water. This will cause excess moisture to remain in the product to be dried.
Influence of types of roots and schemes of placing peach on yield and chemical composition of fruit
Authors: Khozhiev Sanjar , Nafetdinov Shovkatullo , Qodirov Elbek
Published: November 2024

This scientific article provides experimental material devoted to the study of the influence of varietal characteristics of peach and schemes for placing trees in the garden, using weak vegetatively propagated rootstocks. Experiments have shown that an increase in the density of peach distribution in the orchard grown on the VSV-1 rootstock contributes to a reduction in the crown volume from 16.99 to 9.15 m3 / v., The VVA-1 rootstock - from 16.99 to 9.15 m3 / v. ., rootstock GF-667 - from 16.25 to 7.94 m3 / v. The same pattern persists in the formation of the projection and saturation of the crown with leaves. However, in terms of 1 hectare of the garden, the value of these signs increases 1.9-2.3 times.Growing a peach of the Lola variety on weak vegetatively propagated rootstocks VSV-1, VVA-1 and GF-667, with thickened placement of trees in the garden 5.0x2.0 meters, allows you to receive a net profit from the use of the new technology in the amount of 89.929 - 94.917 million soums / ha, with the cost of fruit production 299.2-315.4%.
Modern aspects of development of world and Ukrainian ecotourism
Authors: Dodilova Kateryna , Zhuchenko Valentyna , Krasavtseva Liudmyla , Vasylyshyn Vitalii
Published: November 2024

The article examines the features of ecological tourism as a modern component of world tourism. Various scientific and practical approaches to the definition of this concept are analyzed. The functions, main directions and models of ecological tourism development, the mutual influence of ecological tourism and the environment are characterized. Also its role in the sustainable development of territories is analyzed. The methodology is based on general scientific and special research methods, including: analysis, synthesis, generalisation, retrospective analysis and geographical research methods. The article's scientific novelty lies in its comprehensive study of ecological tourism as a contemporary trend in global tourism development and its impact on regional sustainable development. It presents the author's vision of the impact of ecotourism on the surrounding anthropogenic and natural environments. Additionally, it investigates the distinctive characteristics of ecological tourism development in Ukraine. Conclusions. Ecotourism is aimed at protecting the environment and stimulating the economy of local communities. It provides tourists with the opportunity to communicate with nature and encourages them to lead an environmentally friendly lifestyle. Ecotourism also seeks to reduce the impact of tourism on the natural environment.
Attractive elements of eco-design in the tourism industry
Authors: Kardash Oleg , Vodzinska Oksana , Bilotska Larysa , Dudorova Lyudmila , Chernovsky Serhiy
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the actual problem of determining the possibility of ecological design of elements of attractions with their aesthetic content in the tourism industry. Emphasized. that human perception is based on visual sensations, and especially the aesthetics of tourism objects, which also depends on their ecological condition. The conditions of active recreation and inclusive tourism are considered and the important role of the appearance of service personnel and the role of corporate style is emphasized. The problematic issue of the elements of attractions in the ecodesign of the tourism industry (including ecotourism, active tourism) was investigated and it was found that the basis of this issue is the generalization of the concept of attraction and related concepts, which regulate their essence. However, the aesthetic indicator in revealing the essence of these concepts and elements of attraction has only a tangential nature. The design of attraction objects, taking into account the criteria of aesthetics in the design approach, is proposed according to the laws of ecology and beauty - the use of eco-materials, the harmonization of colors, the use of the concept of the golden ratio. Criterion definition of the possibility of using a design approach in elements of attractions, taking into account ecology and principles of aesthetic reflection, is provided. It is proposed to use compositional factors in attraction objects, among which the category of balance occupies an important place, which can provide consumers with the conditions of perception of a recreational nature. As a result of the conducted research, examples of modern design technology with consideration of aesthetic indicators in elements of attractions were determined and provided.
Ecotourism: Socio-economic and socio-cultural contexts
Authors: Nikolaienko Volodymyr
Published: November 2024

The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the socioeconomic and socio-cultural contexts of ecotourism, which, unlike traditional tourism, which often causes negative changes in the environment, is focused (as officially declared) on protecting and restoring it. The methodology of the study is sociological science, orienting the social sciences to the fact that: 1) everything that happens in society is the result of socially oriented actions of those or other social actors; 2) social actions are the main cause of any social change; 3) the main social change is a change in the existing social structures in society, which, in turn, lead to changes in the consciousness and behaviour of people. The scientific novelty of this paper lies in the clarification of a number of concepts that describe not always explicit, but very effective socio-economic and sociocultural contexts of ecotourism with lasting social consequences. The scientific novelty includes the method of sociological analysis applied by the author, combined with the dialectical method. In conclusion, it should be said that inviromentalism, of which ecotourism is a derivative, is first of all an understanding of: 1) that the world's dominant profit-oriented economic activity is morally obsolete; 2) that the problem of the highly controversial primordial wildness is far from exhausted; 3) that primordial wildness, as a kind of antipode of culture, carried with it many abilities of existence and survival in past ecological systems (sense of smell, hearing, touch, for example) that we have not lost, as is commonly believed, but rather have fallen asleep (suppressed), or are in the process of dying out, which can be the subject of discussion and rewilding. But the main conclusion is that ecotourism, if only because tourists can be involved in the solution of rewilding issues, can become a way out of the artificially formed consumer psychology (exploitative in its essence) on the one hand and the establishment of a real harmony between society, nature and the individual, which, in fact, has never existed ‒ on the other.
Ecological tourism as a direction of local science research in nature protection territories
Authors: Tsypko Victoria , Vasylchuk Volodymyr , Gedin Maksim , Den Sik Kan , Uriadova Viktoriia
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the proposed article is to determine the peculiarities of ecological tourism and to show that this type of tourism is an important area of local history research conducted by scientists, including in nature conservation areas. The methodology is based on the application of such scientific methods as literary, historical, chronological, dichronic (periodization method), systematic approach, event and content analysis. Analysis methods were also used - for the study of individual components of ecological tourism; synthesis - for systematization and unification of facts; a statistical method for processing the statistical data available today; the method of induction and deduction, which ensured the possibility to draw conclusions based on existing facts, as well as the method of a systematic approach. The authors proposed to define ecological tourism as an actual direction of local studies. It has been determined that scientists who plan local history research implement it through tourist hikes and trips to nature conservation areas with available natural resources. It is emphasized that such scientific and practical activity is aimed at forming an ecological outlook and obtaining economic benefits, during which the negative impact on nature is deliberately minimized through the rational organization of routes, and also realizes the cognitive and educational functions of ecotourism. Conclusions. The processes of origin and development of ecological tourism in Ukraine and the world are highlighted.
Socio-psychological factors affecting sustainable development
Authors: Aharkov Oleh , Prisniakova Liudmyla , Harets Nadiia , Varakuta Maryna , Tarasevych Inna
Published: November 2024

The article examines socio-psychological factors affecting sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the issues, these include: social norms and values, group dynamics, stereotypes, prejudices, empathy, mass media and communications, political context, education and training, psychological comfort, psychological barriers, motivation for a sustainable lifestyle. The research highlights ways to overcome stereotypes: education and information campaigns, creation of positive practices, increasing diversity, active participation and cooperation. The article notes that empathy and compassion motivate people to help and support those who need it in difficult situations. Platform owners decide what information to present, how to present it, and to which audience it will be directed. The political context of sustainable development is determined by the impact of political processes, decisions and strategies on ensuring sustainability in the economic, social and environmental spheres. The importance of education and training in the formation of a conscious approach to sustainable development is revealed through an understanding of the causes and consequences of environmental problems, an awareness of social inequality and an understanding of the economic requirements of sustainable development. Psychological strategies for overcoming resistance to changes in sustainable practices may include: raising awareness, involvement in the decision-making process, stimulation of positive emotions. The motivation for a sustainable lifestyle encourages people to change their lifestyle and consumption, while ensuring harmony between current and future needs.
Improving the sustainable development of tourism based on the application of the environmental management system
Authors: Shcherbakova Nadiia , Tsypko Victoria , Riaboshtan Liudmyla , Lavrynovych Elena , Vasylyshyn Iaroslav
Published: November 2024

The quality of the environment, both natural and anthropogenic, is of great importance for tourism. The tourism sphere includes many types of activities that can have negative environmental consequences. Many of these impacts are related to the construction of public infrastructure such as roads and airports, as well as tourist facilities including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. Methodology is based on scientific and special research methods. Methods are used: analysis, synthesis, systematization, classification, generalization of economic and methodical sources. The study of the features of the sustainable development of tourism based on the application of ecological management necessitated the study of the future of sustainable tourism, because for its development, it is necessary to have, in its practical forms, the reconciliation of antagonistic interests and goals that will affect the partnership and cooperation between decision-makers, operators and consumers, which will contribute to the long-term common interest. The article solves important problems of the tourism sphere through the prism of the analysis of relevant indicators of ecological characteristics for various subjects of the sphere of ecotourism. It is noted that the negative consequences of tourism occur when the level of use of natural resources by tourists exceeds the permissible level of use of the environment. Uncontrolled tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It has been proven that rational ecological management of tourist facilities can increase the benefit for natural areas. But this requires careful planning of controlled development based on an analysis of the area's ecological resources.
Development of creative competence of future teachers using innovative technology of the case study
Authors: Rasulova Zilola
Published: November 2024

The article covers issues related to the promotion of the necessary ideas and proposals for the organization of all stages of education based on innovative pedagogical technologies, as well as providing deep and fundamental knowledge to future teachers, as well as teaching comprehensive creative thinking. Using the innovative technology of the case study, the project of an educational exercise that develops students’ creative thinking skills aimed at solving various problem situations is presented.
Ecotourism as a sustainable development strategy: Exploring the role of natural resource management
Authors: Tilavova Matlab , Safarova Nigora , Alimova Mavluda , Boʻronova Nigora
Published: November 2024

Ecotourism offers a sustainable approach to developing natural resources while preserving ecological integrity. This study explores how ecotourism can be effectively integrated into natural resource management strategies. We performed a comparative analysis of ecotourism practices across various regions, evaluating their impact on local ecosystems and communities. Data were collected from case studies, surveys, and field observations. Our findings indicate that well-managed ecotourism initiatives contribute to the sustainable development of natural resources by promoting conservation, generating economic benefits, and enhancing environmental awareness. Key factors for success include community involvement and adaptive management practices. The results underscore the potential of ecotourism as a viable strategy for sustainable resource management. The study highlights best practices and provides recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to optimize the benefits of ecotourism while mitigating potential drawbacks.
Conversations about the nature and ecological situation of south Turkestan regions
Authors: Orziyev Mahmud , Kucharov Jamshid , Egamberdiyev Faxriddin
Published: November 2024

In this article, the harmonization of landscapes in Southern Turkestan (northern Afghanistan), their nature, climate, ecological status of the regions and their impact on human health, irrigation works in the regions, sources of irrigation farming, cultivated products, mountain, forest, steppe, was analyzed on the basis of the materials of the “Turkestan collection” collected during 1867-1917.
The importance of scientific and innovative activities in shaping ecological awareness among students
Authors: Khamidov Obidjon , Nazarov Akmal
Published: November 2024

This article presents psychological, scientific-practical, and analytical data on the development of ecological awareness among young people and their orientation towards scientific and innovative activities. Additionally, it explores the factors that influence the development of ecological awareness among the youth, as well as the social, pedagogical, economic, and psychological factors that ensure the effectiveness of scientific and innovative activities. Furthermore, it studies the mechanisms for properly directing these activities.
Synthetic Organic Chemistry of α-Imino Ketones: A Graphical Review
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Pareek Abhishek
Published: November 2024

α-Imino ketones are traditionally synthesized through condensing simple and readily available α-keto aldehydes or 1,2-diketones with primary or secondary amines. They are structurally similar to many naturally occurring biological substances due to the presence of the imino group (–N=C–). Chemically, C-acylimines exhibit ambiphilic reactivity, making their synthetic chemistry particularly attractive and viable for the creation of various aza-cyclic and heterocyclic compounds, including their asymmetric counterparts. Consequently, numerous synthetic strategies have been developed starting from these building blocks. Herein, we provide a graphical review of state-of-the-art synthetic efforts over the past 20 years, focusing on the use of α-imino ketones (both cyclic and acyclic) for the synthesis of small molecules and complex systems.
A method for detecting defects in reinforced concrete structures of underwater tunnels based on ultrasonic echo signal and CNN
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Li Yikai , Li Yao
Published: November 2024

Due to the long-term effects of wind and wave corrosion and hydraulic erosion on underwater structures, various degrees of damage such as cracks, holes, and corrosion may occur. When underwater attachments cause lift off disturbances, various interference signals are introduced, increasing the difficulty of defect detection. In order to maintain the safety and stability of reinforced concrete structures in underwater tunnels in a timely manner, a defect detection method for reinforced concrete structures in underwater tunnels based on ultrasonic echo signals and the CNN is proposed. The collection method and formation mechanism of ultrasonic echo signals for reinforced concrete structures in underwater tunnels are analyzed first. After obtaining the ultrasonic echo signals, noise is removed from the signals through empirical mode decomposition and the sparse table algorithm. An ultrasonic defect detection model for concrete structures based on the multi-attention FasterRCNN structure is constructed, the denoised ultrasonic echo signal is input into the model, the multi-attention mechanism is applied to extract the characteristics of the ultrasonic echo signal, and a balanced feature pyramid network is used to achieve feature fusion. The fused features are generated into defect candidate boxes through regional generation networks, and defect position information and category information are output at the fully connected layer of the model to complete defect detection of reinforced concrete structures in underwater tunnels. The experimental results show that this method can accurately remove noise from the echo signal of reinforced concrete structures and shows high denoising performance. When conducting defect detection, it can quickly detect the defect category and position, and provide the defect depth and diameter. The detection results are accurate and do not show significant errors.
Examining the experience of healthcare workers who led staff wellness rounding during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wilson Natalie , Smith Louise , Taylor Robyn , Kohler Friedbert
Published: November 2024

Objective Staff wellness rounding (SWR) is a process in which healthcare leaders have real-time conversations with healthcare workers (HCW) to identify safety and wellness issues. This study examined the experience of multidisciplinary healthcare leaders, who were not trained in psychology, who delivered SWR during the surge phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A mixed methods approach was used. Phase 1 included a survey of HCW who participated in SWR during July–October 2021. Phase 2 included semi-structured interviews of leaders who delivered SWR. Results There were 403 respondents to the survey, with 169 participants (41.9%) being eligible for the study. More than 67% of eligible respondents would recommend SWR to other colleagues, and 77.5% reported that SWR provided an opportunity to escalate issues or concerns about COVID-19. Eleven SWR leaders were interviewed about their experience of leading SWR. Four key themes were identified: SWR (1) offered a defined process for communication between executive leaders and HCW; (2) enabled escalation and actioning of issues to and from executive teams in the organisation; (3) required flexible scheduling to meet varied work schedules of HCW; and (4) required the leaders to have a core set of skills and competencies. Conclusion This study examined the contribution that an SWR intervention can make to support HCW wellbeing during crisis-type events. The model facilitated interactions between executive leaders, managers and frontline staff. It fostered collegiality with peers, managers and leaders, supported recognition and acknowledgment of peers and used available resources effectively to support staff wellness during the surge phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Exploring Myrtaceae diversity in the Caatinga: understanding the knowledge gaps for conservation
Authors: Santos-Neves Paulo Sérgio , Oliveira Marla Ibrahim Uehbe de , Funch Ligia Silveira
Published: November 2024

Context Myrtaceae stands out as one of the significant woody plant families in the Caatinga. Although its wide morphological variability and well-known ability to influence the provision of ecological services in other ecosystems are recognized, little is known about the richness of the family in the Caatinga. Aim We aimed to compile a comprehensive catalog of Myrtaceae species present in the Caatinga and pinpoint areas with the highest species diversity and those that are poorly sampled as a foundation to investigate the conservation status of the group. Methods We collected specimens in situ and analyzed available herbarium collections. The geographical data were used to produce maps of collection effort, species richness (SR), and richness estimation (RE) by Jackknife 1. Key results We recorded 125 species across nine genera, of which 51 occur within conservation units (CU) or indigenous areas (IA). Of the 18 taxa endemic to the Caatinga vegetation, only six are protected by CU or IA. The collection effort shared some similarities with SR; however, most of the Caatinga is still poorly sampled. The RE marked two main hotspots of diversity, encompassing CUs in the territories of the states Pernambuco, Ceará, and Bahia, with a species richness estimated by RE up to 68% higher than SR. Conclusions Our research has underscored the significance of ongoing collection efforts, taxonomic investigations, and conservation initiatives aimed at preserving the diversity of Myrtaceae in the Caatinga. Implications The collection efforts and taxonomic investigations contribute to understanding the conservation status and the real diversity of Myrtaceae species.
An integrated framework for habitat restoration in fire-prone areas. Part 2 – fire hazard assessment of the different land management scenarios
Authors: Vaz R. , Maia P. , Keizer J. , Fernandes P. , Pereira S. C. , Carvalho D.
Published: November 2024

Background Climate change has increased the occurrence of fire-prone weather and extreme weather events in Europe. Improving resilience of forests to reduce fire hazard has become an imperative challenge to tackle. Aims This study aims to incorporate extreme fire events from future climate projections in developing forest planning and land management scenarios, evaluating fire risk mitigation potential. Methods Using the wildfire–atmosphere coupled modelling system WRF-SFIRE, land management scenarios for the Lombada Forest Intervention Region (ILMA) in northeast Portugal were assessed under a business-as-usual future climate scenario. The Fire Weather Index (FWI) was used as a predictor of fire danger to select two fire events. Results Agricultural areas can function as barrier for wildfire conditions under cooler weather. Management of the existing pine forest yielded a reduction in fire spread speed and intensity, namely in lower wind speed regimes, significantly improving suppressive capabilities. Conclusions Fuel treatment of maritime pine performed best in reducing fire spread rate, intensity and improving suppression capability.  Replacing agricultural areas with oak-based land cover can promote higher fire intensity and spread rates in the younger stanges or if left unmanaged. Implications This framework can be used to provide additional tools for forest management across different landscapes reducing fire hazard and vulnerability and improving forest resilience, under climate change.
Constraints on primordial black holes for nonstandard cosmologies
Authors: Gomez-Aguilar Tadeo D. , Padilla Luis E. , Erfani Encieh , Hidalgo Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

We study how the bounds on the abundance of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) and the constraints on power spectrum are modified if a non-standard evolution phase takes place between the end of inflation and the Standard radiation-dominated (RD) universe after inflation. The constraints on PBH abundance and power spectrum are computed using the new, freely available, https://github.com/TadeoDGAguilar/PBHBeta PBHBeta library, which accounts for the effects of non-standard expansion and specific criteria for PBH formation in such non-standard scenarios. As working examples, we consider three different cases: a pure matter-dominated (MD) phase, a scalar field-dominated (φD) universe, and a stiff fluid-dominated (SD) scenario.
While the background expansion is the same for the MD and φD scenarios, the PBH formation criteria lead to different constraints to power spectrum. On the other hand, the duration of the non-standard expansion phase alters the bounds, with longer MD periods resulting in weaker constraints on power spectrum, and longer SD scenarios leading to an enhanced abundance due to the dust-like redshifting of PBHs. The modifications to the constraints are reported in all cases and we highlight those where the power spectrum may be significantly constrained.
Understanding gravitationally induced decoherence parameters in neutrino oscillations using a microscopic quantum mechanical model
Authors: Domi Alba , Eberl Thomas , Fahn Max Joseph , Giesel Kristina , Hennig Lukas , Katz Ulrich , Kemper Roman , Kobler Michael
Published: November 2024

In this work, a microscopic quantum mechanical model for gravitationally induced decoherence introduced by Blencowe and Xu is investigated in the context of neutrino oscillations. The focus is on the comparison with existing phenomenological models and the physical interpretation of the decoherence parameters in such models. The results show that for neutrino oscillations in vacuum gravitationally induced decoherence can be matched with phenomenological models with decoherence parameters of the form Γ
ij
∼ Δ m
4

ij

E
-2. When matter effects are included, the decoherence parameters exhibit a dependence on the varying matter density across the Earth layers. This behavior can be explained by the nature of the coupling between neutrinos and the gravitational wave environment, as suggested by linearised gravity. On a theoretical level, these different models can be characterised by a different choice of Lindblad operators, with the model with decoherence parameters that do not include matter effects being less suitable from the point of view of linearised gravity. Consequently, in the case of neutrino oscillations in matter, the microscopic model does not agree with many existing phenomenological models that assume constant decoherence parameters in matter. Nonetheless, we identify the KamLAND experimental setup as particularly well-suited to establish the first experimental constraints on the model parameters, namely the neutrino coupling to the gravitational wave environment and its temperature, based on a prior analysis using the phenomenological model.
Passive continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on simultaneous quantum and classical communication in the terahertz band
Authors: Li Chuan , Wang Guoshuai , Chang Jian , Liu Chengji , Li Qingshan
Published: November 2024

We propose a passive continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol based on simultaneous quantum and classical communication (SQCC) under indoor environments and in inter-satellite links within the terahertz band. In our PSQCC-CVQKD scheme, classical modulation is performed at the transmitter, followed by passive quantum modulation operations. At the receiver, an amplifier is utilized to amplify and demultiplex the received signal, and a homodyne or heterodyne detector is subsequently selected for decoding. We derive the security bounds of the protocol and evaluate its performance in both indoor environments and inter-satellite links. Furthermore, by considering finite-size effects, we achieve tighter agreement constraints, which are more practical than those obtained in the asymptotic limit. Simulation results indicate that this scheme exhibits a high secret key rate and strong jamming resistance in practical applications, providing a more efficient pathway for the construction of future quantum networks.
Biogeographic patterns shape the bacterial community beyond permafrost gradients
Authors: Yang Sizhong , Wen Xi , Wu Xiaodong , Wu Tonghua , Li Xiaoying , Abakumov Evgeny , Jin Huijun
Published: November 2024

Global warming has led to extensive permafrost degradation, particularly in thermally vulnerable permafrost in the marginal or transitional zones of altitudinal or latitudinal permafrost. However, comprehensive knowledge about microbial communities in response to rapid permafrost degradation at large (or interregional) scales remains elusive. In this meta-analysis, existing published data were utilized to identify the distributive and co-occurrence patterns of the microbiome in two interregional locations: the Qilian Mountains on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (NE-QTP) and the Xing’anling Mountains in Northeast China (NE-China). Both areas are situated in the marginal zone of large permafrost units. The results reveal that the rapidly degrading permafrost did not overshadow the regional biogeographic pattern of the microbial community. Instead, the results show some distinctive biogeographic patterns, as characterized by different groups of characteristic bacterial lineages in each of the two regions. Soil pH has emerged as a crucial controlling factor on the basis of the available environmental data. Network-based analyses suggest a generally high level of natural connectivity for bacterial networks on the NE-QTP; however, it collapses more drastically than that in NE-China if the environmental perturbations exceed the tipping point. These findings indicate that the biogeographic patterns of the bacterial community structure are not significantly altered by permafrost degradation. This research provides valuable insights into the development of more effective management methods for microbiomes in rapidly degrading permafrost.
Bi-Hamiltonian structures of KdV type, cyclic Frobenius algebrae and Monge metrics
Authors: Lorenzoni Paolo , Vitolo Raffaele
Published: November 2024

We study algebraic and projective geometric properties of Hamiltonian trios determined by a constant coefficient second-order operator and two first-order localizable operators of Ferapontov–Pavlov type. We show that first-order operators are determined by Monge metrics, and define a structure of cyclic Frobenius algebra. Examples include the AKNS system, a 2-component generalization of Camassa–Holm equation and the Kaup–Broer system. In dimension 2 the trio is completely determined by two conics of rank at least 2. We provide a partial classification in dimension 4.
Deformation mechanism of MWCNT/Ni composites under shear deformation: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zuo Jiajia , Hu Yaxuan , Wu Binhe , Shu Rui , Shu Baipo
Published: November 2024

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded in single-crystal and polycrystalline nickel were modeled by molecular dynamics simulations. Shear deformation was applied to the model perpendicular to the axial direction of the carbon nanotubes. In the case where single crystals are considered, the interfacial bonding between MWCNTs and nickel is weaker than the interaction force between nickel atoms. There is a difference in the deformation capacity between MWCNTs and the matrix, which leads to the concentration of stresses at the interface. The formation of defects near the interface and the debonding of the interface between MWCNT and the matrix cause material failure. In the polycrystalline model, MWCNT is considered to be located at grain boundaries or within the grain. The CNT/Ni interface and grain boundaries are both nucleation sites for dislocations and barriers to dislocation movement during deformation. The distribution of MWCNT in the matrix has an effect on the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of composites.
Investigation into tribocorrosion behaviors of CoCrFeNiNb laser-clad coatings with Y2O3
Authors: Li Yashan , Li Jun , Li Ruoliu , Mo Junxiang , Lee Soowohn
Published: November 2024

Some components made of titanium alloys will serve in corrosive environments in the industry, and suffer from corrosion and wear at the same time. However, the components exhibit the high wear and corrosion rates due to their low hardness and the extremely thin oxidation film formed on their surfaces, which can accelerate their failure and reduce their service life. In response to this situation, CoCrFeNiNb high-entropy alloys (HEAs) coatings with Y2O3 (0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%) were successfully prepared on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. The effects of Y2O3 addition content on the microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties were investigated comprehensively by x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness tests, electrochemical tests and tribocorrosion tests in this work. Other than them, tribocorrosion behaviors of the coatings were especially highlighted in two different environments (neutral (pH 7) and acid (pH 3) solutions). The results showed the significant enhancement in microhardness with the introduction of Y2O3 due to the microstructural refinement and the formation of Laves phase Cr2Nb in the coatings. The coating with 2 wt% Y2O3 performed the most excellent corrosion resistance (neutral solution: Ecorr = −0.12 V; acid solution: Ecorr = 0.043 V) increased by 55.5% and 115.0% of the coating without Y2O3. As well as, the coating also demonstrated the lowest wear rates (neutral solution: 3.32 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1; acid solution: 2.24 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1) reduced by 17.8% and 33.3% of the coating without Y2O3. The superior tribocorrosion resistance and corrosion resistance make CoCrFeNiNb+2 wt% Y2O3 HEA coating show a tremendous potential in aerospace and marine applications.
Mechanical and physical characterization of chemically treated Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis polymer matrix composites using deep learning and statistical approach
Authors: Supriya J P , Shetty Raviraj , Shetty Sawan , Bolar Gururaj , Hegde Adithya
Published: November 2024

The transition to sustainable materials in composite manufacturing is crucial for reducing environmental impact and costs. Natural fibers, particularly from plants like Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis, offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional reinforcement materials in polymer composites. This study explores the development and characterization of polymer composites reinforced with chemically treated Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis (HRS) fibers. HRS fibers, derived from the plant Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis, are notable for their availability, mechanical properties, and environmental benefits. The research investigates how fiber weight percentage, fiber length, and fiber thickness affect the physical and mechanical properties of the composites, including void content, microhardness, water absorption, tensile strength, flexural strength, and Impact Strength. Composites with a fiber configuration of 15 Wt%, 10 mm length, and 2 mm thickness have exhibited optimal performance, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 30.76 MPa, flexural strength of 50.8 MPa, Impact Strength of 119 J m−1, and a peak microhardness of 22.326 Hv. These parameters significantly enhance the composite’s structural integrity and durability. The study also highlights the critical role of fiber dimensions i.e. with greater fiber weight percentages leading to increased void content and water absorption rates, which peaked at 6.19% and 3.45%, respectively. Further, predictive modelling using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network (FFANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed that FFANN has outperformed RSM, achieving an average accuracy of 95%–98% compared to the average accuracy of RSM at 85%–90%. Finally, microstructural analysis has corroborated with the experimental results, highlighting the potential of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis fibers in enhancing the performance of natural fiber-reinforced composites for various industrial applications.
Extracting work from coherence in a two-mode Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Williamson L A , Cerisola F , Anders J , Davis Matthew J
Published: November 2024

We show how work can be extracted from number-state coherence in a two-mode Bose–Einstein condensate. With careful tuning of parameters, a sequence of thermodynamically reversible steps transforms a Glauber coherent state into a thermal state with the same energy probability distribution. The work extracted during this process arises entirely from the removal of quantum coherence. More generally, we characterise quantum (from coherence) and classical (remaining) contributions to work output, and find that in this system the quantum contribution can be dominant over a broad range of parameters. The proportion of quantum work output can be further enhanced by squeezing the initial state. Due to the many-body nature of the system, the work from coherence can equivalently be understood as work from entanglement.
Variational post-selection for ground states and thermal states simulation
Authors: Zhang Shi-Xin , Miao Jiaqi , Hsieh Chang-Yu
Published: November 2024

Variational quantum algorithms, as one of the most promising routes in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, offer various potential applications while also confronting severe challenges due to near-term quantum hardware restrictions. In this work, we propose a framework to enhance the expressiveness of a variational quantum ansatz by incorporating variational post-selection techniques. These techniques apply variational modules and neural network post-processing on ancilla qubits, which are compatible with the current generation of quantum devices. Equipped with variational post-selection, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the variational ground state and thermal state preparation for both quantum spin and molecule systems is substantially improved. Notably, in the case of estimating the local properties of a thermalized quantum system, we present a scalable approach that outperforms previous methods through the combination of neural post-selection and a new optimization objective.
Unveiling the potential of electric-arc sprayed aluminum bronze coatings on 316L stainless steel for high-temperature environments
Authors: Inam Aqil , Shakoor Abdul , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Arif Khizra , Sajid Muhammad , Tariq Hafiz Muhammad Rehan , Mansoor Adil
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the safe working temperature of aluminum bronze coatings on stainless steel by investigating their dry oxidation behavior at various temperatures. Aluminum bronze was deposited onto 316L stainless steel substrates using an electric-arc spray coating, followed by heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C. SEM and EDX analysis revealed that the aluminum bronze coating can safely operate up to approximately 800 °C. Given that boilers made from 316L stainless steel typically operate within the 500 to 700 °C temperature range, they are prone to wear and corrosion. Applying aluminum bronze coatings can mitigate these issues, enhancing corrosion resistance, thus extending the service life of the boilers.
Impact of zeolite and various doses of aluminium stearate powder on the properties of aerated concrete blocks
Authors: Anand Pradyut , Sinha Anand Kumar , Rajhans Puja
Published: November 2024

In this study, the effects of zeolite with an alkaline solution prepared combining Na2SiO3 and NaOH on the compressive strength, water absorption and block density of aerated concrete were investigated. Further, the effect of varying concentrations of the hydrophobic material i.e., aluminium stearate powder (1%, 3%, and 5%) on mechanical and durability properties are also investigated. The results of the study showed that the use of zeolite with an alkaline solution improved the compressive strength of the aerated concrete blocks. The blocks made with 5% aluminium stearate powder had the highest compressive strength and lowest block density and water absorption, followed by those made with 3% and 1% aluminium stearate powder. The porosity of the aerated concrete blocks decreased with the addition of zeolite and increased with the addition of aluminium stearate powder. The blocks made with 5% aluminium stearate powder and zeolite had the highest porosity and lowest block density, indicating that the addition of aluminium stearate could help reduce the weight of aerated concrete blocks. In conclusion, the use of zeolite with an alkaline solution and aluminium stearate powder heat cured using an accelerated curing tank (ACT) can improve the mechanical and durability properties of aerated concrete blocks.
The ‘Mortall God’ Vindicated
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan
Published: November 2024

This brief concluding chapter traces the argumentative structure Hobbes erected to vindicate the sovereign from all taints of injustice. The conceptual building blocks of Hobbes’s civil theodicy, the chapter point outs, are all relational notions. For Hobbes, the same action can be just towards some persons and unjust towards others; obligations can be owed to you but not to me; and (paradoxically) people may have the right vis-à-vis others to do what divine law forbids them to. The relational character of law, justice, right, and obligation allows Hobbes to hold that sovereigns governing in ways contrary to natural law wrong God—but not their subjects. Hobbes’s civil theodicy is argumentatively overdetermined: supported by multiple, sometimes mutually incompatible lines of argument. Hobbes’s reasons for pursuing argumentative overdetermination, the chapter suggests, were partly rhetorical, partly required by systematic considerations. The chapter closes by reassessing Hobbes’s relation to political realism and to realism about war.
Introduction
Authors: Abraham Haim
Published: November 2024

The aims of this introductory chapter are threefold. First, the chapter elaborates on the scope and character of two of the frameworks used—international humanitarian law and corrective justice—and shows why they are relevant to the argument that is being advanced in this book. Second, the chapter demonstrates why the most appropriate forum to bring a claim in tort to is that of the state that inflicted the wrong or is affiliated with the wrongdoer, and it offers a brief gloss of how choice of law rules impacts the main arguments. Third, the chapter provides a roadmap of the structure and content of the arguments that are made in each of the subsequent chapters.
Intentional Torts in War
Authors: Abraham Haim
Published: November 2024

The analysis in this chapter establishes that tort liability could be imposed for intentional belligerent wrongs using ordinary doctrines. The articulation of belligerent wrongs as an infliction of a loss that breaches international humanitarian law or the rules of engagement results in intentional torts being available in a narrower set of circumstances than for equivalent wrongs inflicted through non-combatant activities. It is not enough for states and combatants to intend to use or damage non-combatants’ bodies or means. They must also act with sufficient intent that would deem their combatant activities as breaching international humanitarian law or the rules of engagement. While the chapter addresses the elements shared by all intentional torts—an intentional interference with another person’s body or means, without consent or authority—the articulation of intentional belligerent torts suggests that their infliction involves an element of misuse or abuse of public power. It is within combatants and states’ power to inflict losses on non-combatants, but only as long as doing so complies with the principles of necessity, distinction, and proportionality. Losses that violate these principles could be said to be an instance of abuse of public power, or even ultra vires. Given this apparent element of misuse or abuse of public power, one intentional tort seems to lend itself particularly relevant to this context, and that is the tort of misfeasance in public office.
Conclusions: A Case for Tort Liability for Belligerent Wrongs
Authors: Abraham Haim
Published: November 2024

The aims of this chapter are threefold. First, it recaps the arguments made in previous chapters, according to which there is nothing about warfare that necessarily renders tort law and theory as inherently inapplicable in the context of warfare, and indicates that there are good normative and policy reasons for tort law to be an available recourse for redressing belligerent wrongs. Second, this chapter demonstrates that the arguments advanced in this book align with an overall move to constrain sovereign immunity and the abandonment of the position that human rights do not apply during armed conflict. Third, some remaining potential critiques regarding the adequacy of ordinary tort law as the means to redress belligerent wrongs, as opposed to a new tort of violating customary international law or developing remedies under international law, are addressed.
The perceived quality of life in adult patients with inherited ichthyosis: a qualitative interview study
Authors: van Veen Fauve C A P , Rossel Vanya , Steijlen Peter M , Moser Albine , Veldman Karin , van Geel Michel , Clabbers Julia M K , van der Geugten Jolien , Gostyński Antoni H
Published: November 2024

This qualitative interview study aimed to gain insight into the perceived impact of ichthyosis on the biopsychosocial quality of life of adult patients. Fifteen patients [with a diagnosis of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (n = 10), X-linked ichthyosis (n = 3) and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (n = 2)] highlighted the multifaceted impact of growing older with ichthyosis within the biologic (e.g. excessive scaling and overheating), psychological (e.g. low self-esteem and complex reproductive decision-making) and social domains (e.g. limited career options and being bullied). Suggestions for healthcare improvements include long-term management of ichthyosis, psychological support, societal awareness, medication reimbursement and research into reproductive and age-related issues.