bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Poetics and Politics of Hospitality and Hostility
Authors: Boros János
Published: June 2024

The conceptual pair of hospitality and hostility can be analyzed by means of the two classical ethical paradigms that we owe to Aristotle and Kant. Strangely enough, although ethics is considered normative, neither of the two tendencies is normative: instead, one is descriptive, the other rational, insofar as it is based on the fundamental features of rationality. Most contemporary ethical trends can be classified under one of the original paradigms or interpreted as a combination of them. Where does Derrida’s ethics fit in, or does it represent a new way of thinking? I will attempt to put forward some considerations that might help us to understand Derrida’s ethics as a third ethical paradigm.
Hospitality – Who is the guest?
Authors: Pigler Mónika Míra
Published: June 2024

In this article I explore Derrida’s concept of the host-boundary-customer at the three Kantian levels (between states, communities and persons). The relational difference and essential unity of the persons of the Trinity illuminate the need to distinguish the “other” and the “self” even when it comes to the human person created in the image of God and living in community, in order to create a non-merging unity. God, entering the created world comes as a ‘holy guest’, while we realise that even we ourselves belong to the divine world and are in fact only guests in this world, that is to say, our essence is one of “ontological strangeness.”
Reflections on the Anthropology of Salt
Authors: Fíguls Alfons , Aranda Joan , Arlanzón Daniel , Bonache Dolors , Bonache Jorge , Fuentes Agustín , Grandia Fidel , Henestrosa Aitor , Martínez Mireia , Pons Judit , Ruz Ferran , Segarra Raül , Serena Loreto , Vendrell Mercè , Weller Olivier
Published: June 2024

In 2012, Dr. Marius Alexianu proposed a new discipline called Anthropology of Salt. Twelve years have passed since his proposal, and despite the celebration of four International Congresses on the Anthropology of Salt, the working method of this new discipline has not been concretized. Following the implementation of the Sal Cardonensis Project, we reflected on the feasibility of this discipline. We concluded that it is not feasible and suggested it as a scientific concept, defining it as knowledge resulting from the integration of various disciplines addressing the issue of salt to comprehend its relationship with humanity and/or human knowledge. In other words, from a perspective related to anthropology, with a greater emphasis on geology.
Neolithic Hallstatt – a special mining place
Authors: Fíguls Alfons , Reschreiter Hans
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes salt exploitation in Hallstatt during the Neolithic period. Evidence for neolithic human presence in the Hallstatt area has been accumulating over the last years. Spatial analyses as well as use-wear analysis on the stone axes from the Hallstatt-Dachstein region give new important insights into human activity during this period. The presence of a deer pick documented within one of the mining galleries along with a fragment of a prestigious axe is very significant. Within the Salzberg area, four prestigious axes have been documented, an unusual fact for a mining area. The article highlights that Hallstatt developed advanced technology for salt extraction and presents the continuity and specialization of salt mining in this region since 5000 BC.
The Vall Salina of Cardona: an open-air salt mine and market during the Consolidated Middle Neolithic in Catalonia (4200-3300 BC)
Authors: Fíguls Alfons
Published: June 2024

This article provides an overview of the research conducted in the Vall Salina to date. It represents a state of the art in the study of Neolithic salt mining in the open-air Salí and the role that salt played in the Neolithic communities of the Sepulcres en cista Group or Solsonià. This role went far beyond an economic issue and likely involved the elites of these Neolithic communities. This salt allowed the northeastern part of the Peninsula to participate in long-distance networks of prestige goods in the 5th millennium.
Essay on the exploitation of 'lilcochadi' in the mine of Truquico (Chos Malal, Department of Ñorquín, province of Neuquén, Argentine Republic). Exploitation with lithic tools from the pre-Araucanian period to the Pehuenche Period
Authors: Bezerra Elsa Esther , Fíguls Alfons
Published: June 2024

The Truquico salt mine is located in the Neuquén province (Argentina), across from the city of Chos Malal, on the right bank of the Neuquén River. This site is relatively unknown to Anthropology of Salt but is exceptional due to the preservation of biotic remains such as handles, baskets, etc., providing relevant data about the lives of the Pehuenche miners. It spans from pre-Araucanian exploitation to the Pehuenche period, revealing techniques of salt exploitation and trade.
Prehistoric Rock Salt Mining and the mines of St. Thomas and Camp Verde in the Southwest of the USA
Authors: Stöllner Thomas
Published: June 2024

Prehistoric rock salt mining and its archaeological investigations allows many fascinating insights into prehistoric communities, not only on techniques of exploitation but also on supply and nourishment, the miner’s health statues, the whole world of organic items of a broad material culture and also the social status and circumstances of mining. Salt mummies, as other organics best preserved, range onto the most outstanding findings. Worldwide 7 ancient rock salt mines are known, some nearby the surface (Duzdaği-Chehrābād type), some up to several hundred meter underground (Hallein-Hallstatt type). The rock salt mines of the Southwest of the USA belong to the first type. Research done in the 1920ies enable an overview about our archaeological knowledge.
PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR ATAS PEMBANGUNAN RUSUNAWA 5 LANTAI NGLORAM CEPU BLORA JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Wanto Wanto , Chasanah Ummi , Soehartono Soehartono
Published: June 2024

Perencanaan Struktur Atas Pembangunan Rusunawa 5 Lantai Ngloram Cepu Blora ini mengacu pada peraturan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), SNI 1726:2019 (Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan Gedung dan Non-Gedung), SNI-03-1729-2019 (Tata Cara Perencanan Struktur Baja untuk Bangunan Gedung), Peraturan Perencanaan Pembebanan untuk Rumah dan Gedung 1987. Perencanaan Struktur Atas Pembangunan Rusunawa 5 Lantai Ngloram Cepu Blora ini. Dalam perencanan struktur dimodelkan melalui SAP 2000 V.14 dan Autodesk Revit 2022, Struktur atas yang dimaksud meliputi, plat, balok, kolom dan tangga. Pembebanan yang di input seperti beban mati, beban hidup, beban angin dan beban gempa. Hasil perencanaan menggunakan kombinasi beban gempa kombinasi. Didapat 3 tipe balok yaitu Sloof (25 x 45 cm), B1 (30 x 50 cm ), B2 (25 x 40 cm) dan B3 (20 x 30 cm) terdapat 3 tipe kolom yaitu K1 (45 x 45 cm) , K2 (30 x 30 cm), K3 (20 x 20 cm) pelat lantai 12 cm, atap 10 cm.
A Touch of Companionship
Authors: Kosurko An , Webb Joseph
Published: June 2024

Dance activities are promoted with a range of benefits in institutional settings for people living with dementia (PLWD) and necessitate the active involvement of companions for engagement. This ethnomethodological study uses multimodal conversation analysis to explore how the role of the companion emerges to engage PLWD in dance activities, with special attention on different uses of touch to support engagement in embodied interactions. Analyses of video recordings focus on interactions between companions and PLWD in both structured and unstructured dance activities in institutional settings in Canada, Finland, and the UK. We demonstrate how companions use touch and other multimodal resources to engage participants with others in dance activities. We argue that the role of the companion emerges in interaction and can shift from participant to participant, including PLWD. We conclude with discussion and recommendations for supporting the engagement of PLWD with sensitivity to how actions obligate responses.
Worker Capture in the Precarious Work Era: Reducing Turnover without Employee Commitment and Job Security
Authors: St-Denis Xavier
Published: June 2024

This paper argues that employee retention remains a key priority for many employers, even as they become less likely to offer stable employment. In the face of increased job insecurity, researchers have shown that workers have adopted personalized career progression strategies that emphasize inter-firm mobility. Such strategies heighten employer concerns about employee turnover. The paper argues that the industrial relations literature would gain from closer study of organizational practices that restrict employee mobility, i.e., “worker capture strategies.” Such practices stand out from other mobility-reducing ones because they are unilateral and aim to reduce turnover without necessarily fostering a sense of commitment or loyalty among employees.

Summary

The literature on precarious work has focused on the higher frequency of layoffs and downsizing and the shift away from the standard employment relationship over the past few decades. This paper argues that employee retention remains nonetheless a key priority for many employers, even as they become less likely to offer stable employment. In the face of increased job insecurity, researchers have shown that workers have adopted individualized career progression strategies in which inter-firm mobility plays a great role. Such strategies heighten employer concerns about employee turnover. This paper reviews the state of the literature on organizational practices that address employer concerns about employee retention. It then argues that this literature would gain from closer study of organizational practices that restrict employee mobility, which it labels “worker capture strategies.” They include non-compete and non-solicitation clauses in employment contracts, no-poaching agreements between firms, and TRAP clauses. Such practices stand out from others because of their one-sided nature and their use as a turnover reduction strategy that does not necessarily drive a sense of commitment or loyalty among employees.
Scientific mentoring in the higher education system: the results of an empirical study
Authors: Sokolova Marina Vladimirovna , Glebov Gleb Evgen'evich
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of scientific mentoring in the higher education system. Research activities are an integral part of university education. The teaching staff of higher educational institutions is represented by scientific and pedagogical workers, the reproduction of human resources for this system requires active involvement in research activities, supporting postgraduate students. To ensure continuity, it is necessary to include students in this activity, only a successful process of scientific socialization during the years of study is able to ensure the subsequent professional realization of young specialists in the higher education system. Scientific mentoring can be implemented in various forms. The choice of the option depends on the target audience, specialty, course of study, established traditions, individual psychological and pedagogical characteristics of students, features of the professional trajectory of students. A survey of students of higher educational institutions and teaching staff was used as research methods. When working with the heads of structural divisions, the method of in-depth interview was chosen. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: high assessment of the importance of scientific mentoring by all participants of the survey. Among the most important qualities of mentors is a good command of their field of knowledge and the ability to intelligibly convey this knowledge to students. The teaching staff faces a number of organizational, methodological and informational difficulties in implementing the function of scientific mentors. The implementation of this activity is dominated by short trajectories of scientific leadership of students. In most cases, the mentor provides guidance as part of the preparation of articles. Heads of departments and deans among the barriers to the development of the mentoring system testify of a weak starting level of students, a low level of motivation of teachers.
The role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as an immunological marker for patients with leprosy: a systematic literature review
Authors: Prakoeswa Flora Ramona Sigit , Handoko Ellen Josephine , Risanti Erika Diana , Haningtyas Nabila , Pambudi Nasrurrofiq Risvana Bayu , Ilyas Muhana Fawwazy
Published: June 2024

Leprosy, a significant global health concern affecting primarily the peripheral nerves and integumentary system, is influenced by the host immune system’s response, affecting its pathology, disease progression, and reaction occurrence. MCP-1, integral to leprosy’s immunological processes, holds promise as a diagnostic tool and predictor of reaction occurrence. This systematic review aimed to investigate MCP-1’s involvement in leprosy. Literature search, employing specified MeSH keywords, covered databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library until September 30th, 2023, yielding seventeen relevant studies. Assessing each study’s quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and investigating bias using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS), a narrative synthesis compiled findings. Seventeen distinct studies were included, each characterized by diverse designs, sample sizes, demographics, and outcome measures, highlighting MCP-1’s potential in diagnosing leprosy, differentiating it from control groups, and discerning leprosy types. Furthermore, MCP-1 shows promise in predicting leprosy reversal reactions. Although MCP-1 offers clinical benefits, including early diagnosis and type differentiation, further research with larger sample sizes and standardized methodologies is imperative to confirm its diagnostic utility fully.
Serum proteomics study on cognitive impairment after cardiac valve replacement surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Ma Huanhuan , Wei Yiyong , Chen Wei , Chen Song , Wang Yan , Cao Song , Wang Haiying
Published: June 2024

Objective

The incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is high, especially after cardiac surgeries, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we conducted a prospective observational study to observe serum proteomics differences in PND patients after cardiac valve replacement surgery.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty-six patients who underwent cardiac valve surgery were included. They were categorized based on scoring into non-PND group (group non-P) and PND group (group P’). The risk factors associated with PND were analyzed. These patients were further divided into group C and group P by propensity score matching (PSM) to investigate the serum proteome related to the PND by serum proteomics.

Results

The postoperative 6-week incidence of PND was 16.8%. Risk factors for PND include age, chronic illness, sufentanil dosage, and time of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Proteomics identified 31 down-regulated proteins and six up-regulated proteins. Finally, GSTO1, IDH1, CAT, and PFN1 were found to be associated with PND.

Conclusion

The occurrence of PND can impact some oxidative stress proteins. This study provided data for future studies about PND to general anaesthesia and surgeries.
Strategic Risk Agility on the Performance of Edible Oil Manufacturing Company at Pwani Oil Products Limited, Kenya
Authors: Odhiambo Fredrick Okoth , Kibe Lucy Wairimu
Published: June 2024

An organization’s capacity to foresee and address strategic risks pro-actively and flexibly is strategic risk agility. It entails seeing possible dangers and opportunities, evaluating how they could affect the organization, and swiftly adjusting and reacting to shifting conditions. Disruptive technologies, economic downturns, supply chain disruptions, and regulatory changes are a few examples of strategic risks that demand agility and flexibility to manage. This study primarily focused on the impact of strategic risk agility on the performance of edible oil manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. The study sought to establish the effect of strategic risk adaptability on the performance of edible oil manufacturing companies in Kenya, at Pwani Oil Products Limited. The research was guided by the Theory of Dynamic Capability. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The primary instrument for data collection in this study was a Questionnaire. The target population was 380 employees from the edible oil manufacturing company, Pwani Oil Products Limited for the period between August to November 2023. The sample consisted of 30% of the target population (70 men, 45 women and work experience of 0-11 years). The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by measuring its internal consistency using Cronbach's Alpha. Conclusion are that the ability to swiftly adjust production processes, adapt to changing market demands, and respond to unexpected disruptions can translate into improved financial performance. The study's outcomes underscore the importance of strategic risk innovation and collaboration in enhancing financial performance. It is evident that these factors are pivotal for success. The recommendations are that Pwani Oil Products Limited should invest in improving its strategic risk adaptability. This can be achieved through regular risk assessments, scenario planning, and flexible business strategies. The company should develop a culture that encourages employees to quickly adapt to changing market conditions and mitigate risks effectively.
Mobility of Trace Elements During Remediation of Oil Polluted Groundwater: A Case Study of Al Batinah Region, Northeast Oman
Authors: Semhi Khadija
Published: June 2024

A study was carried on an area polluted by oil in Oman to determine the mobility of trace elements during each step of an ex-situ treatment process. Quality of groundwater following an air flotation treatment was investigated and discussed. About 15 water samples were collected from 7 monitoring wells which are under air sparging treatment for remediation of oil contamination in Al Batinah region (Northeast of Oman). Chemical composition of groundwater during and after the treatment was compared with chemical composition of groundwater before any treatment. Water samples were also collected from different monitoring wells in the same area. The investigated elements consist in Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sr, Ba, Pb and rare earth elements (REEs). Chemical composition of trace and major elements during each step of treatment revealed that Ni, Zn, Cu and Al have been increased relative to untreated water contrary to Ag which decreased. Major elements and Cr, Pb, and Cd remain unchanged during the treatment process. The REEs were significantly depleted during the last step of treatment relative to the raw water but their distribution did not reveal any fractionation. Trace elements such as Zn, Cu, Ni show an increase and Ag and REES a decrease relative to raw water before any treatment. For treatment of groundwater, chemical investigation of different agents used during the treatment and the speciation of each key trace elements should be investigated at each step of treatment procedure.
Detection of Metallo β-Lactamase in Acinetobacter Species Using Phenotypic Methods with their Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rajguru Manisha M. , Naik Deepashri , Rao Sareena , Khekade Amit P
Published: June 2024

Background: Acinetobacter species are commonly found in nature, in water, and in soil, and also, and they have been isolated from humans and animals. In the hospital setting, Acinetobacter species has emerged as a major opportunistic pathogen, being able to colonize and develop infections in patients. In Acinetobacter species, β-lactamases and outer membrane alterations are likely to function together to impart resistance. Understanding the epidemiology, and resistance mechanism, and for infection management and preventing a potential global health crisis, techniques for identifying Carbapenem-Resistant-Acinetobacter species are essential.
Aim: To detect Metallo β-Lactamase (MBL) in Acinetobacter species with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Material and Methods: 100 Acinetobacter species isolates from various clinical samples such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, pus, urine, wound swab, and body fluids were included in the study. Phenotypic tests such as, Disc Potentiation test & Modified Hodge test were used to detect the presence of Metallo β-lactamase in imipenem & meropenem-resistant isolates.
Results: The highest prevalence of Acinetobacter was found in blood (37%), followed by sputum (31%) and others [pus, urine, ascitic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL), and pleural fluid]. A maximum number of Acinetobacter were isolated from MICU followed by medicine and surgery. The Modified Hodge test yielded the largest percentage of MBL-positive Acinetobacter isolates (67.26%) when compared to the Disc Potentiation test method (50.45%). Conclusion: Early detection of Metallo β-lactamase production is essential for planning appropriate treatment according to the resistance mechanisms of the multi-drug resistant strains, as well as for efficient infection control procedures to prevent the spread of infection.
Village-Owned Enterprise (Bumdes) Samudera Mandiri, Patumbak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia: A Descriptive Case Study
Authors: Brando Eginta , Lubis Suwardi , Revida Erika
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) Samudera Mandiri in improving the income of the Marindal II Village community, Patumbak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. BUMDes Samudera Mandiri has been operating for eight years, focusing on household waste collection. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, gathering data through observations, interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the management of BUMDes Samudera Mandiri is effective in meeting four out of five good organizational performance indicators, despite a deficit between revenue and operational costs in 2023. However, BUMDes has not significantly increased community income, having only created ten new jobs. Supporting factors include available resource potential, and support from the village and subdistrict governments and community. Major obstacles are limited budget, low community participation, and lack of human resource competencies. Recommendations for improving BUMDes Samudera Mandiri's performance include increasing business capital, enhancing cooperation with companies through CSR, training for managers, and increasing community socialization and participation in BUMDes programs. These steps are expected to allow BUMDes Samudera Mandiri to contribute more significantly to the welfare of the Marindal II Village community.
Subterranean Landscape: The Far‐Reaching Influence of the Underground Qanat Network in Ancient and Present‐Day Iran
Authors: Daneshmir Reza , Spiridonoff Catherine
Published: April 2012

Persia's ancient civilisation was constructed on qanats ‐ an extensive subterranean network of canals ‐ that supplied vital water for drinking and irrigation. Reza Daneshmir and Catherine Spiridonoff of Fluid Motion Architects describe how an on‐site encounter with qanats in Tehran helped to unleash not only a new understanding of historic urban development and its social fabric, which evolved around these ancient water channels, but also led to new thinking about the current potential of the qanats and their possibilities for greening the capital.
Practices Abroad: Today's Diaspora, Tomorrow's Architecture
Authors: Hensel Michael
Published: April 2012

A surprising number of architects of Iranian origin, working outside of Iran, have come to international attention in recent years. Guest‐Editor Michael Hensel looks at the work of US‐based Hariri & Hariri and NADAAA&; and London‐located Farjadi Architects and studio INTEGRATE. Chosen for the variety of their approaches, Hensel attempts to trace whether there are indeed shared connections and traits in their work that can be characterised as uniquely Iranian.
Understanding the Host–Guest Interaction Between Responsive Core‐Crosslinked Hybrid Nanoparticles of Hyperbranched Poly(ether amine) and Dyes: The Selective Adsorption and Smart Separation of Dyes in Water
Authors: Wang Rui , Yu Bing , Jiang Xuesong , Yin Jie
Published: April 2012

The host–guest interaction between polymer nanoparticles and guest molecules plays a key role in fields such as controlled drug delivery, separation, and nanosensors. To understand this host–guest interaction, a series of hybrid polymer nanoparticles (SiO1.5‐hPEA NPs) are designed and prepared based on hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (hPEA) with the different hydrophobicity and functional groups. Their adsorption behavior to twelve hydrophilic dyes in aqueous solution is studied. The core‐crosslinked hybrid nanoparticles (SiO1.5‐hPEA NPs) are prepared by direct dispersion of hPEA containing trimethoxysilyl moieties (TMS‐hPEA) in aqueous solution, which exhibit sharp multiresponse to temperature, pH, and ionic strength in aqueous solution. The effect of molecular structure of TMS‐hPEA on the host–guest interaction between SiO1.5‐hPEA NPs and hydrophilic dyes is investigated in detail. The obtained SiO1.5‐hPEA NPs interact selectively with different hydrophilic dyes in aqueous solution. The distribution coefficient (K) for partitioning of dyes between SiO1.5‐hPEA NPs and water is proposed to define the strength of the host‐guest interaction between the nanoparticles and dyes. K increases with the increasing hydrophobicity of the hPEA backbone regardless of their charge states of SiO1.5‐hPEA NPs and dyes. A methodology is demonstrated for the smart separation of a mixture of dyes in water using SiO1.5‐hPEA NPs.
Biomaterials‐Based Electronics: Polymers and Interfaces for Biology and Medicine
Authors: Muskovich Meredith , Bettinger Christopher J.
Published: April 2012

Advanced polymeric biomaterials continue to serve as a cornerstone for new medical technologies and therapies. The vast majority of these materials, both natural and synthetic, interact with biological matter in the absence of direct electronic communication. However, biological systems have evolved to synthesize and utilize naturally‐derived materials for the generation and modulation of electrical potentials, voltage gradients, and ion flows. Bioelectric phenomena can be translated into potent signaling cues for intra‐ and inter‐cellular communication. These cues can serve as a gateway to link synthetic devices with biological systems. This progress report will provide an update on advances in the application of electronically active biomaterials for use in organic electronics and bio‐interfaces. Specific focus will be granted to covering technologies where natural and synthetic biological materials serve as integral components such as thin film electronics, in vitro cell culture models, and implantable medical devices. Future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted.
Validation of a grading system for the attachment of the superior turbinate to the sphenoid face
Authors: Sunkaraneni Vishnu S. , Qian Hong , Wong Hubert , Javer Amin
Published: April 2012

Background:

The attachment of the superior turbinate to the sphenoid face may be an important factor in determining the approach for sphenoidotomy. We sought to validate a previously described 4‐type grading system for superior turbinate attachment (Type: A, within its medial one‐third; B, in its middle one‐third; C, to its lateral one‐third; and D, directly to the orbit) to the face of the sphenoid sinus and to make recommendations for its use in determining the method of sphenoidotomy (transethmoidal vs transsphenoethmoidal).

Methods:

Single‐slice images through both sphenoid sinus ostia were obtained from axial series of computed tomography (CT) scans. Eighteen (36 ostia) sets of scans were used. Attachment type (A‐D) in each image was classified by 10 experienced sinus surgeons and compared against a “gold standard” grading performed by the senior author (A.J.), who was the developer of the grading system.

Results:

Mean accuracy was 63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54%‐72%) for the 4‐type grading system. When Types A+B and Types C+D were grouped together, mean accuracy was 91% (95% CI, 84%‐97%). For the 2‐group classification system, bootstrap analysis suggested that 97% of physicians attain an accuracy of at least 80%.

Conclusion:

Accuracy using the 4‐type classification is too low to be practically useful. Accuracy using the 2‐group system may be sufficiently high to be a useful aid in selecting a surgical approach. We recommend a transethmoid sphenoidotomy for Types A and B and a transsphenoethmoidal approach to the sphenoid for Types C and D. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Brief Report: Large‐scale analysis of tumor necrosis factor α levels in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Weckerle Corinna E. , Mangale Dorothy , Franek Beverly S. , Kelly Jennifer A. , Kumabe Marissa , James Judith A. , Moser Kathy L. , Harley John B. , Niewold Timothy B.
Published: April 2012

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease manifestations are highly variable among patients, and the prevalence of individual clinical features differs significantly by ancestry. Serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels are elevated in some SLE patients and may play a role in disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to look for associations between serum TNFα levels, clinical manifestations of SLE, autoantibodies, and serum interferon‐α (IFNα) levels in a large multiancestral SLE cohort.

Methods

We studied serum TNFα levels in 653 SLE patients (214 African Americans, 298 European Americans, and 141 Hispanic Americans). TNFα was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and IFNα was measured with a functional reporter cell assay. Stratified and multivariate analyses were used to detect associations in each ancestral background separately, with meta‐analysis when appropriate.

Results

Serum TNFα levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than in non–autoimmune disease controls (P < 5.0 × 10−3 for each ancestral background). High serum TNFα levels were positively correlated with high serum IFNα levels when tested in the same sample across all ancestral backgrounds (odds ratio range 1.76–1.86, P = 4.8 × 10−3 by Fisher's combined probability test). While serum TNFα levels alone did not differ significantly among SLE patients of different ancestral backgrounds, the proportion of patients with concurrently high levels of TNFα and IFNα was highest in African Americans and lowest in European Americans (P = 5.0 × 10−3). Serum TNFα levels were not associated with autoantibodies, clinical criteria for the diagnosis of SLE, or age at the time of sampling.

Conclusion

Serum TNFα levels are high in many SLE patients, and we observed a positive correlation between serum TNFα and IFNα levels. These data support a role for TNFα in the pathogenesis of SLE across all ancestral backgrounds and suggest important cytokine subgroups within the disease.
Starting dose is a risk factor for allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: A proposed safe starting dose of allopurinol
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Taylor William J. , Jones Peter B. , Dockerty Jo L. , Drake Jill , Frampton Christopher , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: April 2012

Objective

Allopurinol is the most commonly used urate‐lowering therapy in gout. Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare but potentially fatal adverse event. Dosing guidelines based on creatinine clearance have been proposed based on the recognition that dosages of ≥300 mg/day may be associated with AHS, particularly in patients with renal impairment. However, the relationship between the allopurinol starting dose and AHS is unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between allopurinol dosing and AHS.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study of patients with gout who developed AHS between January 1998 and September 2010 was undertaken. For each case, 3 controls with gout who were receiving allopurinol but did not develop AHS were identified. Controls were matched with cases for sex, diuretic use at the time of initiating allopurinol, age (±10 years), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (estimated GFR). Starting dose and dose at the time of the reaction in cases were compared between cases and controls.

Results

Fifty‐four AHS cases and 157 controls were identified. There was an increase in the risk of AHS as the starting dose of allopurinol corrected for the estimated GFR increased. For the highest quintile of starting dose per estimated GFR, the odds ratio was 23.2 (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that 91% of AHS cases and 36% of controls received a starting dose of allopurinol of ≥1.5 mg per unit of estimated GFR (mg/ml/minute).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that starting allopurinol at a dose of 1.5 mg per unit of estimated GFR may be associated with a reduced risk of AHS. In patients who tolerate allopurinol, the dose can be gradually increased to achieve the target serum urate level.
Soft sensors in bioprocessing: A status report and recommendations
Authors: Luttmann Reiner , Bracewell Daniel G. , Cornelissen Gesine , Gernaey Krist V. , Glassey Jarka , Hass Volker C. , Kaiser Christian , Preusse Christian , Striedner Gerald , Mandenius Carl‐Fredrik
Published: April 2012

The following report with recommendations is the result of an expert panel meeting on soft sensor applications in bioprocess engineering that was organized by the Measurement, Monitoring, Modelling and Control (M3C) Working Group of the European Federation of Biotechnology ‐ Section of Biochemical Engineering Science (ESBES). The aim of the panel was to provide an update on the present status of the subject and to identify critical needs and issues for the furthering of the successful development of soft sensor methods in bioprocess engineering research and for industrial applications, in particular with focus on biopharmaceutical applications. It concludes with a set of recommendations, which highlight current prospects for the extended use of soft sensors and those areas requiring development.
Theoretical analysis of insulin‐dependent glucose uptake heterogeneity in 3D bioreactor cell culture
Authors: Magrofuoco Enrico , Elvassore Nicola , Doyle Francis J.
Published: April 2012

Three‐dimensional (3D) cell cultures in bioreactors are becoming relevant as models for biological and physiological in vitro studies. In such systems, mathematical models can assist the experiment design that links the macroscopic properties to single‐cell responses. We investigated the relationship between biochemical stimuli and cell response within a 3D cell culture in scaffold with heterogeneous porosity. Specifically, we studied the effect of insulin on the local glucose metabolism as a function of 3D pore size distribution. The multiscale mathematical model combines the mass transport within a 3D scaffold and a signaling pathways model. It considers the scaffold heterogeneity, and it describes spatiotemporal concentration of metabolites, biochemical stimuli, and cell density. The signaling model was integrated into this model, linking the local insulin concentration at cell membrane to the glucose uptake rate through glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation from the cytosol to the cell membrane. The integrated model determines the cell response heterogeneities in a single channel, hence the biological response distribution in a 3D system. It also provides macroscopic outcomes to evaluate the feasibility of an experimental measurement of the system response. From our analysis, it became apparent that the flow rate is the most important operative variable, and that an optimum value ensures a fast and detectable cell response. This model on insulin‐dependent glucose consumption rate offers insight into the cell metabolism physiology, which is a fundamental requirement for the study metabolic disorder such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which the physiological insulin‐dependent glucose metabolism is impaired. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Influence of Support and Linker Parameters on the Activity of Silica‐Supported Catalysts for Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis
Authors: North Michael , Villuendas Pedro
Published: April 2012

Silica‐supported, bimetallic aluminium(salen) complexes bearing pendant quaternary ammonium groups catalyse the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide in both batch and gas‐phase flow reactors. The influence of particle and pore size of the silica support on catalyst activity was investigated with smaller particle sizes (<80 μm) being advantageous to catalyst activity, whereas the silica pore size had little effect on catalyst activity. The nature of the silica support also affected catalyst stability and the Fluorochem LC301 silica gave a catalyst with both the highest intrinsic activity and the lowest rate of deactivation. The catalysts are attached to the silica through a linker containing three or eleven carbon atoms. The longer linker was found give a catalyst loading three times higher than the shorter linker, but this was offset by a three times lower activity for the catalyst with the longer linker.
ChemInform Abstract: The Self‐Activated Luminescence Properties of Blue‐Emitting Sr9Ga(PO4)7.
Authors: Du Fuping , Huang Yanlin , Kim Sun Il , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: April 2012

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of SrCO3, (NH4)2HPO4, and Ga2O3 (350 °C for 10 h, 850 °C for 5 h, and 1050 °C in air for 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Structures of Sc2Nb4‐xSn5, YNb6Sn6, and ErNb6Sn5: Exploratory Studies in Ternary Rare‐Earth Niobium Stannides.
Authors: Yue Cheng‐Yang , Lei Xiao‐Wu
Published: April 2012

The new compounds Sc2Nb4‐xSn5 (x = 0.37, 0.52), YNb6Sn6, and ErNb6Sn5 are synthesized from mixtures of the elements (1000—1050 °C for 8 d, annealing at 770—850 °C for 8—10 d, 30% yield for ErNb6Sn5).
ChemInform Abstract: Pb3TeCo3V2O14: A Potential Multiferroic Co Bearing Member of the Dugganite Series.
Authors: Silverstein H. J. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2012

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of PbO, TeO2, Co3O4, and V2O5 (sintering in air at 650—800 °C for 15—24 h and annealing at 600 °C for up to 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: D2‐Symmetric Dirhodium Catalyst Derived from a 1,2,2‐Triarylcyclopropanecarboxylate Ligand: Design, Synthesis and Application.
Authors: Qin Changming , Boyarskikh Vyacheslav , Hansen Joern H. , Hardcastle Kenneth I. , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: April 2012

The new rhodium catalyst (I) is prepared and highly enantioselective cyclopropanations, tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangements and a combined C—H functionalization/Cope rearrangement are achieved using this catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1,5‐Aldehyde Esters via an Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of New Carbonylmethyl 2‐Pyridinylsulfone to Enals.
Authors: Deng Jing , Wang Fei , Yan Wenzhong , Zhu Jin , Jiang Hualiang , Wang Wei , Li Jian
Published: April 2012

Good yields and high enantioselectivities are achieved in the addition of sulfonylated carbon nucleophiles (II)/(IV) to various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Acyl(aroyl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetracyanopropenides. Part 3. Heterocyclization by the Action of Hydrogen Halides.
Authors: Karpov S. V. , Kayukov Ya. S. , Bardasov I. N. , Kayukova O. V. , Lipin K. V. , Nasakin O. E.
Published: April 2012

Reaction of the title propenides (I) with hydrogen halides affords exclusively pyridine derivatives (II) in sBuOH whilst furanylidenemalononitriles are formed in aqueous medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirocyclohexadienones. Part 12. Dienone—Phenol Rearrangement of 1‐Substituted 2‐Azaspiro[4.5]undeca‐1,6,9‐trienes and Their Analogues.
Authors: Glushkov V. A. , Rotermel E. V. , Odegova T. F. , Shklyaev Yu. V.
Published: April 2012

The hydrolytic cleavage of the spiro compounds in acid media is accompanied by dienone—phenol rearrangement to furnish substituted N‐(hydroxyphenylethyl)‐carboxylic amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Heterogeneous Epoxidation of Alkenes by a Supported Tungsten Oxide Catalyst.
Authors: Kamata Keigo , Yonehara Koji , Sumida Yasutaka , Hirata Kazuhisa , Nojima Susumu , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: April 2012

A heterogenous catalyst comprising of tungsten and zinc oxides (3.5 wt% W and 0.8 wt% Zn) on SnO2 support is found to efficiently promote the epoxidation of alkenes and the oxidation of amines, silanes, and sulfide by hydrogen peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Bond Acylation of Acetanilides with Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Yuan Yu , Chen Duanteng , Wang Xiaowei
Published: April 2012

Oxidative coupling of benzylic alcohols (II) and (IV) with acetanilides (I) proceeds readily in the system tert‐butyl hydroperoxide—TfOH—Pd(O‐Ac)2 to afford o‐aroylanilides (III) and (V), resp., in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach Towards Dethioacetalization Reactions with H2O2—SOCl2 System.
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Tajik Maryam , Shakibaian Vida
Published: April 2012

The reagent combination is efficient for dithioacetals,1,3‐dithianes and 1,3‐dithiolanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of Highly Functionalized α‐Amino Amides and Medium Ring Lactones Using Multicomponent Reactions of Amino Alcohols and Isocyanides.
Authors: Bachman Martin , Mann Sam E. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: April 2012

Four‐component reactions between amino alcohols, aldehydes, isocyanides and aromatic thiols provide arylthioalkylamino acid amides (18 examples) under microwave heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium(IV) Enolates of 2‐Nitrocarboxylic Esters and Their Oxidative Chlorination. A Convenient Route to α‐Chloro‐α‐nitrocarboxylates.
Authors: Ciez Dariusz , Kalinowska‐Tluscik Justyna
Published: April 2012

The novel method involves oxidative chlorination of titanium(IV) enolates derived from esters (I) and (III) in the presence ammonium nitrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Simultaneous Enhancement of Reactivity and Enantioselectivity in the Asymmetric Hydroacylation of Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Liu Fan , Bugaut Xavier , Schedler Michael , Froehlich Roland , Glorius Frank
Published: April 2012

The utility of ortho,ortho′‐disubstituted triazolium derivatives as NHC‐catalysts in the preparation of enantioenriched acyl cyclopropanes is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C—H Activation of Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Wasa Masayuki , Engle Keary M. , Lin David W. , Yoo Eun Jeong , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: April 2012

A novel mono‐N‐protected amino acid ligand is employed for Pd(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective C—H activation of cyclopropanes (I) to synthesize enantioenriched cis‐substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective One‐Pot Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Cyclic Enones Followed by Amidomethylation.
Authors: Bilcik Filip , Drusan Michal , Marak Jozef , Sebesta Radovan
Published: April 2012

The title reaction proceeds with good to high enantioselectivity but low diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Acidic Carbon Dioxide/Ethanol System for Selective Oxybromination of Aromatic Ethers Catalyzed by Copper Chloride.
Authors: Liu An‐Hua , He Liang‐Nian , Hua Fang , Yang Zhen‐Zhen , Huang Cheng‐Bin , Yu Bing , Li Bin
Published: April 2012

A simple, efficient, and regioselective method is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Fe/I2/NaI‐Mediated Synthesis of Alkenyl Iodides Through Direct Coupling of Alcohols and Alkynes.
Authors: Li Ming‐Ming , Zhang Qiang , Yue Hui‐Lan , Ma Lei , Ji Jian‐Xin
Published: April 2012

Reaction of secondary alcohols with alkynes under optimized conditions A) produces E/Z‐isomeric mixtures of the synthetically important structural motifs with the (E) isomer always predominating.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated Reaction of Nitroethane and Aldehydes: Characterization of the Nucleophilic Organoindium Species.
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Estevez Amalia M.
Published: April 2012

2‐Bromonitroethane undergoes reductive coupling with aldehydes in the presence of indium powder to yield diastereomeric mixture of nitroalkanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Co‐Catalytic Direct Aldol Reactions by Combination of Hydrogen‐Bond Donating and Acyclic Amino Acid Catalysts.
Authors: Ma Guangning , Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Ibrahem Ismail , Cordova Armando
Published: April 2012

Amino acid AMA in combination with the thiourea THU promotes the asymmetric aldol reaction of aldehydes with ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Keto‐enamines: An Efficient Approach to Chiral γ‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Geng Huiling , Zhang Xiaowei , Chang Mingxin , Zhou Le , Wu Wenju , Zhang Xumu
Published: April 2012

yields determined by NMR
ChemInform Abstract: Low Catalyst Loadings for Copper‐Catalyzed O‐Arylation of Phenols with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yong Fui‐Fong , Teo Yong‐Chua , Yan Yaw‐Kai , Chua Guan‐Leong
Published: April 2012

An improved procedure is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Acylation Using Bismuth Triflate in [BMI][PF6].
Authors: Tran Phuong Hoang , Duus Fritz , Le Thach Ngoc
Published: April 2012

Anisole (or dimethoxy analogues) and thioanisole can be efficiently acylated under conventional or microwave conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Enhanced Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles Using Dimeric Orthopalladated Complex of Tribenzylamine and K4[Fe(CN)6].
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Rafiee Fatemeh , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: April 2012

The use of PBC, which is not sensitive to moisture and air, allows the efficient cyanation of a broad spectrum of aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Complexes of P,P and P,S Type Bidentate Ligands: Implication in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Saikia Kokil , Deb Biswajit , Borah Bibek Jyoti , Sarmah Podma Pollov , Dutta Dipak Kumar
Published: April 2012

Among palladium complexes (I) and their monosulfide analogues (II), the former show higher efficacy in the coupling reactions of bromides (III) with boronic acids (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: One Stone Two Birds: Construction of Polysubstituted Benzenes from the Same Starting Material and Precatalyst by Switching the Active Sites of Catalyst with Different Additives.
Authors: Feng Chun , Wang Xin , Wang Bi‐Qin , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Hu Ping , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: April 2012

Tuning the active sites of Grubbs second generation catalyst with either CuI or AgOTf allows the selective construction of 2 different tetrasubstituted benzene series from the same starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Diarylcyclohexanones: Synthons for New Bicyclic Compounds.
Authors: Ahmad Sarfraz , Weis Robert , Faist Johanna , Wolkinger Volker , Saf Robert , Belaj Ferdinand , Brun Reto , Kaiser Marcel , Seebacher Werner
Published: April 2012

Diarylcyclohexanones (III) are used as synthons for the preparation of diarylbicyclo[2.2.2]octanones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Heck Coupling Catalyzed by Pd‐Exchanged Supported 12‐Tunstophosphoric Acid — An Efficient Ligand‐Free, Low Pd‐Loading Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Pathan Soyeb , Patel Anjali
Published: April 2012

The recyclable catalyst is successfully applied to the coupling of styrenes with iodo‐ and bromobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols Catalyzed by Bismuth(III) Nitrate Pentahydrate.
Authors: Wang Min , Liang Yan , Zhang Ting Ting , Gao Jing Jing
Published: April 2012

as biologically important structural motifs