bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
港大“中國經學”課程之退場———一個東亞視域的考察
Authors: 金 培懿
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文立足於先行研究成果，進而從一個相對廣域的東亞視野來考察1934年以還，始於胡適，歷經陳受頤、容肇祖，完成於許地山的港大中文系改革事業之緣起原委、發展經過、造成之結果及其可能意涵。全文主要討論兩大議題，一是將港大中文系之改革，視爲中國新文化思潮、文學革命之一環，重新分析胡適主持計劃改革港大中文系這一事業的性質爲何？二是將港大中文系改革之兩大結果，亦即區分中國文史學系爲“哲學”、“史學”、“文學”、“普通文學”四部，以及將“經學”自港大中文教育退場一事，置於東亞之近代新式大學課程如何編派舊學的發展脈絡中，以思考其間所展現出的共同樣態。本文以爲港大中文教育之改革，其實並非只是一個大學内部單純的“課程”架構問題，我們應該將之納入民國初年以來胡適所從事的“文學革命”之一環來加以認識。又“經學”自港大中文完全退場，不僅是在英國人意想之外，也在中國内地“中文教學變動潮流”之外，筆者因此判斷胡適、許地山的港大中文學院改革發想源頭，恐在“域外”。而據本文考察我們得以合理推測：港大中國文史學系“中國經學”課程的退場，確實存在著隱而不宣的“日本因素”。

This article bases on the East Asian horizon to explore the origin, process, result and meaning of the reformation in Department of Chinese in the University of Hong Kong (HKU), which was begun by Hu Shih from 1934, developed by Chen Shou-yi, Yung Zhao-zu, and finished by Xu Di-shan. Firstly, I see the reformation in Department of Chinese in HKU as a part of “new culture trend” and the revolution in literature in China and reanalyze the properties of Hu Shih’s plan for the reformation in Department of Chinese in HKU. Secondly, I put the result of the the reformation in Department of Chinese in HKU, that to separate Department of Chinese Literature And History as four parts: philosophy, history, literature and common literature, and to let Chinese Classics course exited from the Chinese education in HKU, into the context of the development of new course in modern East Asian universities. Therefore, I think that the reformation in Department of Chinese in HKU was not a matter about courses in universities but a part of the revolution in literature in China which related with Hu Shih. And the exit of Chinese Classics Course in HKU was not only unexpected for British but also out of the change of Chinese education in China. Through this study, I think that the origin of this reformation was in foreign. And there was invisible factors about Japan related with the exit of Chinese Classics Course in HKU.
園林與隱逸———六朝文學之新思考
Authors: 王 力堅
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

園林是六朝一個普遍的文化現象；隱逸是六朝一個普遍的社會現象；而六朝衆多的寫景詩、文、賦中，園林更是一個常見的描寫對象，以致形成園林文學的類型。事實上，園林、隱逸、園林文學，三者之間的關係密不可分———園林，是士人隱逸思想及相關文學創作的文化載體；士人的隱逸思想，既是園林興起的主要原因，也往往借助園林得以滋長及呈現；園林文化以及借助園林滋長與呈現的士人隱逸思想訴諸筆墨，便形成了六朝興盛一時的園林文學。六朝文人希冀通過園林這一文化載體，以達到避塵世、脫世俗、寄情於山水、嚮往原始自然生活狀態的理想境界，從而獲得心靈的恬靜安適。而這一切，在六朝的園林文學中得到頗爲充分的表現。

Seclusion is socially common, while gardening is culturally common in the Six Dynasties. In many of the scenery descriptive poems, gardens are the objects usually portrayed, thus formed the style of gardening literature. In fact, seclusion, gardens and gardening literature are closely related to each other. Garden is the cultural carrier of seclusion ideology and is related to literature creation; the seclusion ideology generates the popularity of gardens, and in the same time develops and presents through gardening. When seclusion ideology evolves by gardens is converted to writings, it commences the prosperity of gardening literature in the Six Dynasties. Through the gardens as cultural carrier, the literati in the Six Dynasties expect to live a sequestered life, place their feelings in landscapes and wildness by living in a natural and ideal way, so as to preserve their individuality and refine their spirit. All these embody utterly in the gardening literature of the Six Dynasties.
鄒穎文：《香港古典詩文集經眼録》
Authors: 陳 子康
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

目前主流的香港文學硏究，很少留意古典詩文，連基本文獻搜集和資料整理也十分欠缺。借一位本地文人的話說，“至今之撰香港文學史者，但知有白話散文、小說、新詩、戲劇而已，於古典詩文並其作者隻字不道”。1以詩歌爲例，文學史大多限於五四運動後興起的白話新詩。2其實香港自開埠以來，古典文學（尤其是詩詞）創作從未間斷。(撮要取自內文首段)
自我呈現與他人形塑———湯貽汾《吟釵圖》詩卷題詠析論
Authors: 卓 清芬
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

清代詩畫家湯貽汾（1778—1853）爲記憶親情、感念母德，繪製《吟釵圖》，録母親楊氏（1752—1812）《斷釵吟》七絕二首於其上，遍徵題詠。是時和詩與題畫者甚衆，爲道光、咸豐之間的一大盛事，後輯成《斷釵吟》四卷出版。

本文從楊氏《斷釵吟》口占二首與湯貽汾之和詩談起，説明《斷釵吟》徵詩活動與《吟釵圖》的産生，並整理《斷釵吟》的題詠社群。題詠者多從湯貽汾的人際關係延伸而來，而閨秀的家族題詠亦爲一大特色。從楊氏《斷釵吟》的自述，可以了解清代女性的自我觀看和自我呈現的側重點，另由他人題詠作品的切入角度，可以觀察題詠者對《吟釵圖》的觀看視角和性别形塑。

《吟釵圖》的詩卷題詠，不僅肯定了女性“才”、“德”並立的典範意義，也彰顯了忠義節孝的價值觀，在當時具有一定的影響力。

The poet and painter of the Qing Dynasty, Tang Yifen (1778-1853), created a painting entitled “Eulogy on a Hairpin” as commemoration and gratitude for his mother. He inscribed two hepta-syllabic quatrains, “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin,” created by his mother, Nee Yang (1752-1812), on the painting, and called for poetry inscriptions. During the reigns of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng, it was popular to write accompanying poetry and inscribe poems on a painting. Afterwards, his works were collected in four fascicles under the title “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” for publication.

The present study focuses on two improvised “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” by Nee Yang and their accompanying poems by Tang Yifen as a point of departure for the discussion of the backgrounds of the call for poetry contributions to “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” and the birth of the painting “Eulogy on a Hairpin.” It also summarizes the communities for inscribing poems on “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin.” The poets inscribing poems on “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” were mainly friends and associates of Tang Yifen. These poems feature a style of clan eulogies created by talented women from eminent families. The self-descriptions of Nee Yang in her “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” reveal the focuses of self-perspective and self-presentation of women in the Qing Dynasty. Moreover, from a different perspective one may observe the viewing angle and gender shaping by other poets inscribing poems on the painting “Eulogy on a Hairpin.”

The poetry inscriptions on the painting “Eulogy on a Hairpin” not only affirmed women’s “talent” and “virtue,” but also accentuated the values of loyalty and filial piety, which made a certain impact at the time.
文學中的歷史與現實
Authors: 莫 言
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

小説中的歷史是大部分作家都面臨著的課題，每個作家寫的都是自己心目中的歷史。任何歷史的書寫其實都站在當下的立場上，用當代的視野與作者主觀的眼光來回顧與創造，試圖還原歷史中的場面和細節。而以歷史作爲寫作題材的作家奮鬥目標之一，就是通過這些還原，寫出與當下不一樣的故事。(撮要取自內文首段)
王陽明在“南宗聖地”衢州行迹考
Authors: 周 紀煥 , 周 心逸
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

衢州的歷史文化積澱深厚。建炎三年（1129），孔子四十八世嫡長孫、衍聖公孔端友扈蹕南渡，賜家衢州，衢州遂成爲“南宗聖地”，是儒學傳承和發展的重鎮。衢州具有“四省通衢”的地理便利和交通優勢，是王陽明從故鄉與閩贛粵黔桂等地往來不可逾越的重要驛站。根據王陽明著作、年譜及衢州有關方志，並結合明代浙閩、浙贛驛道情况的考察，王陽明先後八次經行衢州。通過對其青年時赴謫龍場、壯年獻俘北上和晚年出征思田在衢州活動形迹的重點考辨，有諸多重要發現，如他先後于正德二年秋、正德三年正月兩次抵達衢州，游歷了衢州府城內的大中祥符寺和龍游的舍利寺，駐足常山草坪驛，還原了他由武夷抵廣信，經衢州而歸越，南京省父返杭後徑赴龍場驛的路綫圖。這爲他的事功發展和良知思想傳播增添了重要的“南宗聖地”元素，又日益擴大了他在衢州士民中的影響力，出現了遍及全域五個屬邑、人數衆多的陽明弟子群，加速了其心學思想在三衢大地的廣泛傳播，賦予衢州更加厚重的歷史文化內涵。

Quzhou is a city of rich historical culture. In the third year of the Jianyan reign-period of the Song dynasty (1129), Duke Yansheng, Kong Duanyou, who ranked the first in his generation among those descended 48 generations from Confucius, was in the entourage of the emperor on his move to the south. Kong was then given a residence in Quzhou, which thereafter became “the holy land of the southern school of Confucianism” and an important locale for the inheritance and development of the study of Confucianism. Quzhou has the advantage of being a convenient location for transportation. There was an important post office functioning as a hub between Wang Yangming’s (1472-1529) hometown and some main provinces, namely, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Guangxi. According to the works of Wang, his chronologies, local gazetteers of Quzhou, Zhejiang, and Fujian, and the postage routes in Zhejiang and Jiangxi in the Ming era, Wang passed by Quzhou eight times. Examinations of his relegation to Longchang in his young age, service as a hostage to the north in his middle age, and an expedition to Sitian, with a focus on his activities in Quzhou yield many important discoveries. For example, we are able to reconstruct the itinerary of his two visits to Quzhou in the autumn of 1507 and the beginning of 1508 by looking into his visit to the Dazhong xiangfu Monastery in Quzhou, the S’arīra Monastery in Longyou, and the Caoping post office in Changshan. On this trip, he passed by Quzhou on his way back to the Yue region; before heading for the Longchang post station he also reached Hangzhou after visiting his father in Nanjing. These journeys added an important element of “the South Holy Land of Confucianism” to his deeds as well as his philosophical theory of Conscience. They also helped in gradually exerting his influence among scholars and commoners of Quzhou, resulting in the formation of a big school of Yangming disciples who were found in all the five suburbs. Therefore, the dissemination of his philosophy was sped up and widespread; Quzhou was thus endowed with more elements of history and culture.
論《唐詩別裁集》的“諸體兼善”說
Authors: 陳 美朱
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

沈德潛在《唐詩別裁集·凡例》曾提出：“唐人詩，無論大家名家，不能諸體兼善”的論點，並以杜甫絕句少唱歎之音，韋應物不善七言，劉禹錫不工古詩，韓愈不專近體作爲例證。以上論點並見於《別裁集》初刻本與重訂本，並未因《別裁集》的重訂而有所調整，堪稱是沈德潛一以貫之的詩學論點。

但在深入檢視《別裁集》的選詩内容後發現，初刻本中各種詩體都被選録的詩家高達10人，重訂本也有9人之多。可見唐代詩家若真如沈德潛所謂“無論大家名家，不能諸體兼善”，然則選本中高達十位詩家“諸體兼選”的現象，不免令人生疑。此外，結合卷前凡例與相關評語，可發現沈德潛對於唐代詩人王維的各體詩作，均未有負面評論，但若以王維爲《別裁集》中“諸體兼善”之代表，何以王維在《別裁集》的選詩總數低於杜甫、李白？再者，“諸體兼善”與杜甫的“集大成”的稱譽又有何不同？本文透過“諸體兼善”說，重新檢視這本在清代深具影響力的唐詩選本，除了釐清以上問題外，也期能對王維在“以李、杜爲宗”的《別裁集》所呈現的樣貌，以及沈德潛對王維詩歌的評價，進行全面性的考察與詮釋。

In the “General Rubrics” of his Tangshi biecai ji, Shen Deqian (1673-1969) states that “no Tang poet, even a prominent one, was proficient in all poetic (shi) forms.” To support this statement, Shen gives examples such as Du Fu (712-770), Wei Yingwu (737-792), Liu Yuxi (772-842), and Han Yu (768-824), who were respectively not good at writing quatrains, hepta- syllabic verse, ancient-style verse, and recent-style verse. This viewpoint is consistently found in the first print of this anthology and remained intact in the revised edition.

A careful examination of the anthology, however, reveals some ambivalence. In the first print, there are up to ten poets whose works in all poetic forms are anthologized; in the revised edition there are nine such cases. One cannot help but cast doubt on Shen’s view that “no Tang poet was proficient in all poetic forms.” Moreover, based on the “General Rubrics” and other remarks in his book, Shen makes no negative comments on Wang Wei’s compositions in all poetic forms. Then why did Shen anthologize fewer poems by Wang Wei than those by Du Fu and Li Bai (701-762)? In addition, what is the difference between “proficiency in all poetic forms” and “convergence of great perfection,” a common praise of Du Fu’s poetic achievement?

This paper focuses on the theory of “proficiency in all poetic forms” in its discussion of this influential anthology. In addition, it also conducts a comprehensive examination and commentary on the image of Wang Wei as presented in the anthology, which takes Li Bai and Du Fu as models.
間架的美感：試探長調過片的抒情類型與表現
Authors: 余 佳韻
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文從詞調著眼，探討長調過片的抒情類型與表現。首先釐清“過片”與“换頭”兩者之内涵。以爲宋代的“换頭”爲音樂術語，“過片”則與文意結構相涉，皆指向下片開頭處。至明清以降則多以“换頭”稱之。其次，過片的抒情形態取決於詞調的屬性，詞調的過片類型依據情感收束性的有無可分爲環狀結構與綫性結構兩種。前者指過片處對上片情感進行整合、收束，或轉折，形成跌宕頓挫的美感。後者的過片往往打破上下片的界分，成爲一流貫的叙事語脈。這也是長調發展至南宋以後，爲迎合不同抒情場域的需要所發展而成的新抒情樣態。希冀藉由本文的討論，初步梳理過片結構與抒情方式的關係。

Focusing on the tunes of ci-poetry, this article is an attempt to analyze the lyrical types and expressions of the beginning of the second stanza of a poem (guopian 過片) in long tunes (changdiao 長調). The first task is to give a clear definition to guopian. In the Song dynasty, the term referred to the first phrase or paragraph of the second stanza of a ci-poem. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, however, guopian was instead called “change of the head” (huantou 換頭). In addition, the lyrical type of a guopian was determined by the attributes of the tune-title. According to the manner of emotional expression, the structure of a guopian can be divided into two categories, namely loop structure and linear structure. The former refers to the guopian that functions as integration, condensation, or transition of the emotion expressed in the preceding stanza. It forms a kind of aesthetic effect of fluent rhythms. The latter, linear structure, refers to one that usually divides the two stanzas in a poem and thereby forms a coherent narrative flow. This was a new mode of changdiao poems in the Southern Song, which catered to the needs of the different milieus of lyricism.
丁茶山政治思想中的契約論特色
Authors: 蔡 振豐
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

十九世紀的東亞世界在面對西方勢力的入侵時，提出了“中體西用”、“東道西器”與“和魂洋才”的説法，然而只有日本的“和魂洋才”之説，推進了社會的改革，而取得成功。雖然大部分的學者認爲日本所以成功的原因在於揚棄儒教獨尊思想及其體用哲學。然而東亞的知識分子並未放棄傳統的思想，而持續摸索具有東亞特色的人文學與社會科學的理論。對於崇尚西學的現代東亞知識分子而言，東亞儒教文化最欠缺的是面對現實處境的理論，因而在重覆性的論點下，難有理論的發展。然而，實情是否如此？基於這個問題，本文嘗試討論朝鮮丁茶山（1762—1836）政治思想中可能的理論發展，由此説明其思想在儒學上的創新，以及與現代性思想的關聯。本文的結論以爲：丁茶山以“二人相與”説詮釋“仁”的意義，其論點可以與西方的社會契約論相連繫，在當時的儒學環境具有調整、創新的意義，在未來也有發展的可能性。由於儒學在當今已經不再具有過去東亞政治傳統的權威性，如果它不能轉變爲具有理論活力的學説，則其地位將岌岌可危，由此而言，丁茶山儒學中的契約論特色，將是東亞儒學發展中值得珍視的傳統資源。

In response to the invasion of Western forces in the 19th century, reformers advocated three theories, of which only the one termed “Japanese spirit and Western techniques” succeeded in social reform in Japan. The other two, “Chinese essence and Western practice” and “Eastern values and Western technology” respectively, failed in other East Asian countries. Most scholars ascribe Japan’s success to the abandonment of Confucianism along with its substance-function philosophy. However, East Asian intellectuals did not abandon traditional thought but continued searching for humanities and social science theories with East Asian characteristics. For intellectuals who revered Western learning, the greatest deficiency of Confucian culture in East Asia was the lack of theories that would tackle practical problems. For this reason, they assumed, hardly any progress could be made as long as the old theories persisted. Is this really the case? This paper is an attempt to study the possible development of Jeong Dasan’s (1762-1836) political theory and to reveal his innovation of Confucianism and its connection with modern philosophy. It argues that Jeong’s idea that “‘humanity ’requires two persons to stay together” (as understood in the structure of the Chinese character ren 仁, which is made up of “two” and “person”) may be compared with social contract theory from the West and therefore has the function of moderating and improving the Confucianism of his time and the possibility of future development. Given Confucianism’s loss of authority in the contemporary world compared with past East Asian political traditions, it will be in jeopardy if there is no transformation and revival of its philosophy. In this crisis, social contract theory in Jeong Dasan’s political thought is a valuable resource for East Asian Confucianism.
高樓與商場：可洛、陳志華、韓麗珠的超密度城市空間書寫
Authors: 鄒 文律
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

自從西西《我城》（1975）出版以來，以香港城市空間爲想象起點的作品漸次出現，當中不少出於“後九七香港青年作家”之手。他們的創作風格多元，但自覺地以小説書寫1997年以後的香港城市空間，或從城市空間生發各種文學想象的取向，幾無二致。本文聚焦於三位“後九七香港青年作家”：可洛、陳志華，韓麗珠，以他們小説的城市空間想象爲切人點，考察他們筆下的超密度城市空間。本文發掘小説呈現的香港城市空間特色一一首先是資本塑造而成的超密度，其次是全面商場化的空間運用。通過闡釋“後九七香港青年作家”構築的各種文字城市（“O城”“幻城”“H地”），本文繼而探討小説如何展現青年作家對香港的憂思，以及作家如何嘗試通過召唤想象力來重塑城市空間。

Ever since Xixi’s My City was published in 1975, literary works inspired by the topic of “Hong Kong City Space” have gradually increased. Most of these are written by post-1997 young Hong Kong novelists. Despite their diverse and creative writing styles, these novelists share a common theme in their writings, i.e., the city space in Hong Kong. Based on the hyper density cities described in O City by Chan Chi-wa, Phantomcity by Ho Lok, and Area H by Hon Lai-chu, this article aims to elucidate the characteristics of Hong Kong city spaces and how they have been shaped by capital-driven hyper density and mall-like space application. It also discusses how the novelists’ melancholy feelings towards the city of post-1997 Hong Kong are manifested in their writings and how they use their imaginations to reshape the city space of Hong Kong.
Constitutional regulation of civil marriage in Israel
Authors: Gal Amir
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to review the history of the constitutional regulation of marriage and divorce in British mandate Palestine and the state of Israel from 1918 on. Israel was subject to British rule (mostly under a mandate of the League of Nations) from 1918 to 1948, and was called Palestine at the time. In 1948 some of this territory claimed its sovereignty as an independent state called Israel. The paper will highlight the different constitutional norms and procedures that govern the field of family law in British mandate Palestine and the state of Israel from the beginning of the British mandate to this day.

The paper is based upon historic scrutiny of the legislation of British Palestine and the state of Israel in the field of family law, analyzing the law in accordance with the historic developments in the region. The results of this scrutiny are that from 1948 to the third decade of the 21st century, the Israeli legislator has repeatedly acted to prevent the constitutional regulation of civil marriage, preserving the archaic millet system, an Ottoman system of marriage within religious communities, that was the basis of the British mandate’s regulation of marriage and divorce in Palestine. But as much as the original millet arrangement was enacted by the British as a voluntary system, it was given new and compulsory features by the Israeli legislator, all the while avoiding a comprehensive constitutional regulation of Israeli family law.

The paper concludes that a constitutional regulation of civil marriage is probably not possible in Israel, due to the political inability to reach an agreement between religious and secular Jews in Israel. But this did not prevent the Israeli legislature from fundamentally changing the British mandate constitutional arrangement, leaving behind a patchwork of improvised legislation that violates the basic civil rights of Israeli citizens.
Entre la necesidad y la virtud
Authors: Sy Anahi , Derossi Paula , Gelman Constantin Francisco , Sapienza Cinthia , Moglia Brenda
Published: November 2022

Durante la pandemia de covid-19 en Argentina, el trabajo del sector salud se vio transformado, adecuándose de manera espontánea a las necesidades y exigencias de una emergencia epidemiológica. Se produce un aumento de la demanda de personal, se intensifica el trabajo y se despliegan nuevas estrategias, protocolos y normativas de cuidado. En este artículo presentamos algunos resultados del análisis de entrevistas realizadas a enfermeras y enfermeros sobre sus experiencias de trabajo en hospitales generales del sur del conurbano bonaerense. El objetivo es dar cuenta de los dilemas éticos que enfrenta el personal de enfermería durante la pandemia con el fin de visibilizar dificultades y posibles líneas de trabajo futuro en torno a la formación y las condiciones de trabajo del sector.
Turismo comunitario, tensiones y contradicciones en el proceso de comercialización en relación con las normativas regulatorias
Authors: Sánchez Attanasio Triana , Martelli Ramiro Agustín , Hruby Roxana Laura
Published: November 2022

El trabajo busca examinar la relación entre las normativas que regulan el Turismo Comunitario y los procesos de comercialización de estos emprendimientos, en tres provincias argentinas: Tucumán (comunidad Diaguita-Calchaquí Amaicha del Valle), Misiones (comunidades Mbya Guaraní Jasy Porá y Fortín Mbororé) y Río Negro (Comunidad Mapuche Lof Wiritray y la comunidad del paraje Ñirihuau Arriba). Se analizan los beneficios que genera la aplicación de las regulaciones existentes en los procesos de comercialización de estos emprendimientos, y se observan las problemáticas derivadas en los casos donde las medidas se plantean como insuficientes.Metodológicamente, esta investigación presenta un diseño cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a actores claves del sector (operadores turísticos, organizaciones y referentes turísticos de las comunidades). Se trabajó en la revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional que aborda la temática; y ante la falta de datos específicos, se consultaron sitios webs oficiales y guías turísticas. Se pretende constatar si la insuficiencia de información pertinente, la escasez de políticas públicas adecuadas y el desconocimiento generalizado acerca del funcionamiento de esta modalidad son algunas de las causas determinantes que limitan las posibilidades de crecimiento del Turismo Comunitario en estas provincias.
Documenting and Conserving Modern Architectural Heritage: Çağlayan Apartment Building İzmir-Karşiyaka
Authors: Nakip Gizem Güler , Ballice Gülnur , Paykoç Özçelik Eda , Akçam İrem Deniz
Published: November 2022

The conservation and transferring of cultural heritage to future generations have been facilitated by the increasing development of digital modeling and architectural visualization software. With the help of a virtual environment, heritage data can be archived more permanently and accessed by numerous users. This paper aims to put forward how heritage from a certain period can be documented, analyzed, and transferred using different digital techniques. Additionally, it claims that as a method, digital documentation is a practice that also contributes to different areas including culture, education, and tourism. Within the scope of this paper, Çağlayan Apartment Building from Karşıyaka, İzmir was selected as a case study for applying the digital documentation method. The methodology of the research comprises the following steps: literature review, on-site observation, identification of the period, area and specific case(s), photo shooting, having measured drawings, archive scanning, oral history studies, 2D architectural drawings in CAD medium, 3D modeling/rendering, illustration and poster preparation, website, e-catalog, and social media designs. In conclusion, it has been revealed that digital documentation of modern architectural heritage including interior elements has a positive impact on three interrelated areas: cultural sustainability, educational activities, and touristic popularity.
The Aesthetics of the Spectral and the Permanent Crisis in Tsai Ming-liang’s Art
Authors: Markója Csilla
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on the motif of permanent crisis and the “ghost” in Tsai Ming-liang’s art through a close analysis of films such as I Don’t Want to Sleep Alone (Hei yan quan, 2006), What Time Is It There? (Ni na bian ji dian, 2001), Vive l’amour (Ai qing wan sui, 1994), The Skywalk is Gone (Tian qiao bu jian le, 2002), The Hole (Dong, 1998), and the relevant discourse of Jacques Derrida and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, pointing out new, previously undiscussed connections between What Time Is It There? and François Truffaut’s The 400 Blows (Les quatre cents coups, 1959). The aesthetics of the spectral is presented as a possible way of approaching films that not only reckon with the increasing immaterialization of the medium in the digital age, but also extend this to understand and represent new qualities of human relationships and existence in the world, using the motif of the ghost as an allegory of the medium and a “haunting” of traditional cinematic plot organization and narrative.
Optimal High Pass FIR Filter Based on Adaptive Systematic Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Bansal Puneet , Gill Sandeep Singh
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the design of a desired linear phase digital Finite Impulse Response (FIR) High Pass (HP) filter based on Adaptive Systematic Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ACSA). The deviation, or error from the desired response, is assessed along with the stop-band and pass-band attenuation of the filter. The Cuckoo Search algorithm (CS) is used to avoid local minima because the error surface is typically non-differentiable, nonlinear, and multimodal. The ACSA is applied to the minimax criterion (L∞-norm) based error fitness function, which offers a better equiripple response for passband and stopband, high stopband attenuation, and rapid convergence for the developed optimal HP FIR filter algorithm. The simulation findings demonstrate that when compared to the Parks McClellan (PM), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), CRazy Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO), and Cuckoo Search algorithms, the proposed HP FIR filter employing ACSA leads to better solutions.
Lightness Contrast Spatially Propagates on Perceptually Unified Elements
Authors: Galmonte Alessandra , Soranzo Alessandro , Murgia Mauro , Sors Fabrizio , Agostini Tiziano
Published: November 2022

In 1993, Agostini and Proffitt showed that perceptual belongingness (the subsumption of some sets of elements into a perceived whole) causes simultaneous lightness contrast to be seen in configurations in which the inducing elements are not adjacent to the target. The aim of the present research was to measure the strength of belongingness in determining the contrast phenomenon when the numbers of the inducing and induced elements and their relative positions are manipulated in Agostini-and-Proffitt-type configurations. In the first experiment, by using a forced choice paradigm, naïve observers indicated which gray disks arranged to form the letter T in two rows (organized with black/white inducers) appeared lighter/darker. In the second experiment, expert observers performed two nulling tasks: 1) the lightness of gray disk(s) was adjusted until it was perceived equal to that of gray target(s) aligned with white/black inducers; 2) the lightness of target(s) organized with white/black inducers was adjusted to match the target(s) organized with black/ white inducers. We found that also when there are few inducers, perceptual belongingness causes the contrast effect to propagate spatially on all the induced elements. Spatial position does not influence the induction effect. Low-level theories cannot account for these phenomena, but higher-level processes must be factored in to explain them.
Synaesthetic Interactions between Sounds and Colour Afterimages: Revisiting Werner and Zietz’s Approach
Authors: Parovel Giulia , Prenassi Marco , Coppola Walter , Cattaruzza Serena , Agostini Tiziano
Published: November 2022

We ran a pilot experiment to explore, using a new psychophysical method, the hypothesis proposed by Zietz and Werner in the ’30s, that a sound presented simultaneously with an afterimage can change its phenomenal appearance in non-synaesthetes. The method we adopted is able to directly collect and visualise the apparent changes in intensity of the afterimages, by recording observers’ interactions with a physical feedback mechanism (the paths that the observers generated by moving a cursor), without referring to verbal descriptions. These first findings support some of the most meaningful observations reported by Werner (1934) and Zietz (1931), according to which the colours of the afterimages ‘disintegrate’ at the hearing of a low sound and ‘concentrate’ for a high sound. This relationship is particularly evident with the Yellow stimulus, where the perceived colour intensity of its afterimage seems to have a faster negative change with a low-pitched tone sound, and an increase in intensity and duration when perceived simultaneously with a soprano sound. These data are also coherent with the crossmodal correspondences between both pitch and loudness in audition and lightness and brightness in vision reported in the literature.
Dysfunctional Customer Behaviour — Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Błoński Krzysztof
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this article is to indicate, based on publications in the field of ‘dysfunctional customer behaviour’, the items most often cited and essential for the researchers who cite them, as well as to introduce the topics and their relationships that represent the conceptual space of ‘dysfunctional customer behaviour’. The indicated objective will be realised on the basis of selected bibliometric analyses. A set of 74 items resulting from searches in two databases-Web of Science and Scopus-were used for the analyses. Based on the created database of publications in the area of ‘dysfunctional customer behaviour’, three analyses were carried out: citations, co-citations and co-occurrence of words. The results of the bibliometric analyses made it possible to identify the group of most frequently cited publications, isolate those that are important to the citing researchers, and approximate the topics and their relationships that represent the conceptual space of ‘dysfunctional customer behaviour’.
Selected Aspects of Innovative Activity of Polish Enterprises in 2016–2020
Authors: Bobola Agnieszka , Ozimek Irena , Pomianek Iwona , Rakowska Joanna
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to analyse selected aspects of innovative activities of enterprises in Poland in 2016–2020. The article is based on literature studies, using a query of scientific publications and statistical analyses of data published by Statistics Poland and the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland (PORP) for 2016–2020. Findings show that in 2016–2020 the number of innovative industrial and service enterprises that primarily implemented innovations in business processes was increasing. The innovations included, in particular, processes of manufacturing products in industrial enterprises, as well as external and internal communication in service enterprises. Although the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the activities of the majority of surveyed companies significantly, the changes in the functioning of those impacted by COVID-19 caused a more frequent implementation of innovations in business processes than in the product processes. Innovative activities conducted in enterprises were financed mainly from own funds, including internal outlays for innovative activities of enterprises and funds obtained from government and local government institutions, most often used by the entrepreneurs to purchase fixed assets. The smallest share of outlays was allocated to the protection of intellectual property in enterprises, which is undoubtedly one of the most often underestimated areas determining effective protection of innovations in enterprises.
Lamination of electrophotographic prints
Authors:   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic, Jašúrek Bohumil , Vališ Jan ,   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic, Šrámková Michaela ,   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic
Published: November 2022

Lamination of electrophotographic prints is more problematic than lamination of prints from conventional printing techniques as is for example offset printing. The main problem is worse adhesion of laminating films and due to partial or full delamination can occurs when prints are mechanically stressed. Often problem is also creation of optical effect called silvering. The aim of this work was to compare adhesion of two laminating films (PKCCO BOPP Thermal Laminating Film and Derprosa™ Matte Premier) to prints from different electrophotographic printers (e.g. Xerox, Canon, Konica-Minolta). The lamination conditions were as follows: lamination speeds 10 and 20 m/min, application temperature 120 ˚C and lamination pressure 400 kPa. The adhesion of the laminating film was evaluated by a Peel tester 1 hour, 1 day and 14 days after lamination. The quality of the lamination after the grooving and bending test was evaluated visually. The last measured parameter was colour difference between laminated and nonlaminated prints and this parameter was evaluated 1 hour and 14 days after lamination.
Production of ink containing thermochromic dyestuff
Authors:   Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey, Aydin Urucu Oya , Birtane Hatice ,   Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: November 2022

Security inks are functional inks containing a binder and a special colorant used in money, checks and valuable documents. In security inks, thermochromic dyes, UV emitted, infrared emitted dyes can be used. Thermochromic dyestuffs provide different colors at different temperatures and ensure the requirements in the field of security. Thermochromic inks are generally used in smart packaging applications, high temperature alarms and security inks. Thermochromic dyes are generally metalcontaining chemical materials. In this study, ink will be produced for metal surfaces by using commercial thermochromic dyestuff and it will be provided to act as a temperature warning plate. For this purpose, UV spectra of the thermochromic dyestuff was determinate with different temperature. Solvent-based ink with polyurethane binder containing 1; 3; 5% commercial thermochromic substance was produced. Screen prints were made on the metal surface with the produced ink. The color and gloss properties of the prints were measured with a spectrophotometer and glossmeter, respectively, at different temperatures. Print quality and surface properties were determined with an optical microscope. In addition, alkali, nitro, acid resistance tests were carried out. The reusability (color change) number was determined depending on how many temperature changes the print has. As a result, inks that change color at 38 °C with commercial thermochromic material were produced and successfully printed.
Bacterial nanocellulose enhanced cardboard adhesion joint tested with Y-peel and T-peel testing methods
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Karlovits Igor , Lavrič Gregor ,   Pulp and Paper Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Kavčič Urška ,   Pulp and Paper Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2022

The demands on the adhesive joints for packaging are important during conversion, transport, storage, shelf exposure, and end-of-life operations of paper-based packaging. During this lifecycle, the adhesive joint is under constant loading from environmental conditions (e.g. forces from the surroundings such as other packaging units, dynamical forces from the machines, and/or climate changes such as temperature and relative humidity). The contribution from mechanical bonding can be particularly important for solid boards where the adhesive bonding is achieved through the mechanical interlocking of the adhesive into irregularities and pores of the carton-board surface. The formation of an adhesive joint with dispersion adhesives is affected by the rheological properties of the adhesive layer, the structure and absorption properties of the board surface. There are many test methods intended to determine the strength of an adhesive including peel, shear, cleavage and tension tests. Peel tests are common for tapes, labels, coatings and other bonded materials. The most common methods include T peel, Y peel and angle peel tests using tensile test machines. The cardboard adhesives that are currently in use have a large share of dispersion adhesives (PVAC, EVA, acrylic and PU) which are water-based adhesive systems that form bonds through physical hardening when the water evaporates. Sustainability issues require replacement of these chemicals with bio-based ones. Based on our previous research, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) can increase the bonding strength of adhesive joints for different kinds of materials. In this study, 3 different cardboards with dispersion adhesive which had the addition of 7% of BNC were used. Zwick multitester with two methods (Y peel and T peel) was used to determine the strength of the cardboard joints. The results indicate differences in force elongation results due to different testing methods, where some of the cardboard properties and BNC had a positive effect on the overall adhesion joint strength.
Analysis of answer times in recognition of facial images
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Chair of Information and Graphic Art Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Iskra Andrej , Gabrijelčič Tomc Helena ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Chair of Information and Graphic Art Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2022

In visual interaction between people, faces are the element that most attracts observers, so facial images are also an important element of communication between people. The aspect of observing and memorizing facial images has often been the subject of research. When observing facial images, there are two important parameters: the dimensions of the facial images and the observation time. Both of them have a great influence on recognition performance. In our research, we set three different dimensions of face images (small, medium, and large) and four observation times for the observation test (1, 2, 4, and 8 seconds). Since the results of face image recognition success in terms of these parameters have already been reported in other studies, we focused on the observation times for face images in the recognition process. We hypothesized that when participants looked the facial image quickly (short answer times), they were more likely to be convinced of the correctness of the answer and, consequently, fewer false recognitions would occur. In contrast, when participants looked at the face image for a longer time during the recognition process, they hesitated more, and the rate of incorrect recognition was higher because they were not completely sure of their answer. We found that in all 12 cases, the average duration of correct answers was shorter than that of incorrect answers. According to the time distribution of the duration of all answers, we set two limits (2 and 3 seconds) and analyzed the wrong answers according to these time limits. We found that with longer answer times, the proportion of incorrect recognition increased strongly. This is particularly noticeable in the tests where participants observed the facial images for a longer time (8 seconds) and could therefore memorize them better.
Analysis of emotion expression on frontal and profile facial images
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Chair of Information and Graphic Art Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Iskra Andrej
Published: November 2022

Expressions of emotions are often found in facial images. In addition to the neutral facial expression, we know six basic expressions of emotion: joy, anger, sadness, fear, surprise, and disgust. The similarity of some emotion expressions sometimes leads to incorrect recognition or confusion of two emotions. In our study, we tried to find out how these substitutions manifest in the recognition of emotions on frontal and profile face images. The results of the substitutions in emotion recognition were presented with a substitution matrix. The second part of the study focused on confirming these results with the analysis of facial feature observation and fixation duration. In the analysis of facial features, the three main facial features (eyes, mouth, and forehead with nasal) that attract the most attention were considered. Fixation duration was also measured for these facial features. The basis of the research equipment was an eye tracker, which we used to define the areas of interest (AOI) for the analysis. The results of the observational proportions of facial features confirmed a relatively large scale of substitutions of the emotions fear and surprise, anger and disgust, and partial fear and disgust in frontal facial images. In profile facial images, the most frequent incorrect recognition were the emotions happiness and surprise, anger and disgust, fear and disgust, and anger and sadness. Since there is less information about the face in the profile facial image than in the frontal facial images, the results also confirmed a higher proportion of incorrect recognition in the profile face images and thus a more difficult recognition of emotions in the profile face images. The greater extent of incorrect recognition was also confirmed by the fixation duration results. Both results (observation proportions of facial features and fixation duration) were also presented in a graph.
The influence of depth of field on the appearance of chromatic aberration
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Juretić Iva , Golubović Gala ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Jurič Ivana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Đurđević Stefan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

Chromatic aberration is an optical defect that causes light rays of different wavelengths to focus at different points along the optical axis of the lens. It is manifested as band of one color at frame transitions around contrasting edges in the photo. There are two types of chromatic aberration: longitudinal and lateral. Lateral chromatic aberration is the color fringing that occurs because the magnification of the image differs with wavelength. It tends to be far more visible than longitudinal. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of depth of field on the appearance of lateral chromatic aberration. For the purposes of the experiment, we used one mirrorless camera (Sony a1), while the lenses were variable. We used Sigma 85mm f/1.4 DG DN and Sigma 40mm f/1.4 to check which type of lens shows the most chromatic aberration and how much the change in f-number affects its appearance.
Influence of test chart contrast on quantification of photo sharpness
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Jurič Ivana , Kašiković Nemanja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Pavlović Živko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Pal Magdolna ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Juretić Iva ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

Quality control of digital photos is evolving rapidly every day. Procedures and methods of measurement are changing. Cameras on mobile phones are currently in focus because they are largely replacing the cameras used so far. Based on the standards for the control of photos on mobile phones, in this paper one of the essential quality attributes was chosen to be tested, which is the sharpness of the photos. For the purposes of the experiment, five commercially available mobile phones with different rear camera characteristics were selected. Two standard test cards with different contrast ratios were used. The tests were carried out under appropriate laboratory conditions. Sharpness is analaziry via MTF50 value as measured in Imatest software. Based on the results, it is concluded that the contrast of the test chart affects the measured value, therefore it is important to strictly define the conditions of measurement and the used test card when analyzing this attribute.
Defining cost-effective workflow for a photorealistic 3D character based on a real person using a metahuman framework
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Fijat Igor , Milić Keresteš Neda ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Banjanin Bojan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

The average estimated time for creating a realistic human-like 3D game character using traditional workflow is approximately one hundred hours. Creating corresponding facial animations for the persuasive narrative of 3D characters is even more time-consuming. The manuscript explores the possibilities of creating a personalized digital character according to an actual person within the newlydeveloped technology. The goal of the work involves defining guidelines for the workflow of generating a personalized three-dimensional character based on a real person in the MetaHuman framework. The given detailed insight into the state-of-the-art methodology for creating game characters ensures understanding and reproducibility within a timeframe that is ten times shorter compared to the standard 3D character design workflow.
Evaluation of the line and edge quality of printed letters on recycled paper with straw pulp
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Rudolf Maja , Bates Irena ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Plazonić Ivana ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Radić Seleš Valentina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Petric Maretić Katja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Mendeš Marija Magdalena ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Traditional papermaking is based on the use of an aqueous suspension consisting of cellulose fibres obtained by processing wood, non-wood plants or waste paper. With growing environmental concerns regarding deforestation and CO2 production, the paper industry has been always looking for new sources of non-wood pulp that would produce papers of similar quality to those made from wood pulp. Cereal straw from wheat, barley or triticale crops that remains on fields as a residue after grain harvesting has proven to be a good substitute for virgin wood fibres needed in the production of recycled paper. In this study, the quality of printed text on recycled paper with added straw pulp is evaluated mainly based on the line and edge characteristics of the printed letters. For this purpose, three types of laboratory paper substrates were first prepared using recycled wood pulp with the addition of 30% wheat, barley, or triticale straw pulp. The same letter pattern was printed with black ink on each paper substrate at a standard size of 12 pt with two common typefaces: Arial and Times New Roman. The quality of the printed letters was assessed through the measured print quality parameters such as blurriness, raggedness, fill and contrast. The resulting measurements were compared with the results obtained on the reference and control samples made exclusively from recycled wood pulp as a substrate from laboratory and commercial production. In terms of fill and contrast values, the uniformity of lines printed on the recycled papers with added straw pulp is the same or very similar to the reference and control papers. Letters printed in Arial (sans-serif) typeface show slightly better reproduction quality than letters printed in Times New Roman (serif) typeface. The measured parameters blurriness and raggedness of all laboratory-made paper substrates (with and without straw pulp) had similar values between 0.17 mm and 0.20 mm, resulting in a very similar reproduction quality compared to the reference paper substrate.