bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat fragmentation reduces survival and drives source–sink dynamics for a large carnivore
Authors: Nisi Anna C. , Benson John F. , King Richard , Wilmers Christopher C.
Published: February 2023

Rigorous understanding of how environmental conditions impact population dynamics is essential for species conservation, especially in mixed‐use landscapes where source–sink dynamics may be at play. Conservation of large carnivore populations in fragmented, human‐dominated landscapes is critical for their long‐term persistence. However, living in human‐dominated landscapes comes with myriad costs, including direct anthropogenic mortality and sublethal energetic costs. How these costs impact individual fitness and population dynamics are not fully understood, partly due to the difficulty in collecting long‐term demographic data for these species. Here, we analyzed an 11‐year dataset on puma (Puma concolor) space use, mortality, and reproduction in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, USA, to quantify how living in a fragmented landscape impacts individual survival and population dynamics. Long‐term exposure to housing density drove mortality risk for female pumas, resulting in an 18‐percentage‐point reduction in annual survival for females in exurban versus remote areas. While the overall population growth rate appeared stable, reduced female survival in more developed areas resulted in source–sink dynamics across the study area, with 42.1% of the Santa Cruz Mountains exhibiting estimated population growth rates <1. Since habitat selection is often used as a proxy for habitat quality, we also assessed whether puma habitat selection predicted source and sink areas. Patterns of daytime puma habitat selection predicted source areas, while time‐of‐day‐independent habitat selection performed less well as a proxy. These results illuminate the individual‐ and population‐level consequences of habitat fragmentation for large carnivores, illustrating that habitat fragmentation can produce source–sink dynamics that may not be apparent from other metrics of habitat quality. Locally, conserving high‐quality source habitat within the Santa Cruz Mountains is necessary to support long‐term puma population persistence. More broadly, source–sink dynamics may at play for other carnivore populations in similar fragmented systems, and linking landscape conditions to population dynamics is essential for effective conservation. Caution should be used in inferring habitat quality from habitat selection alone, but these results shed light on metrics of selection that may be better or worse proxies to identify source areas for large carnivores.
A Hydrogen Iron Flow Battery with High Current Density and Long Cyclability Enabled Through Circular Water Management
Authors: Yan Litao , Shao Yuyan , Wang Wei
Published: February 2023

The hydrogen‐iron (HyFe) flow cell has great potential for long‐duration energy storage by capitalizing on the advantages of both electrolyzers and flow batteries. However, its operation at high current density (high power) and over continuous cycling testing has yet to be demonstrated. In this article, we discuss our design and demonstration of a water‐management strategy that supports high current and long‐cycling performance of a HyFe flow cell. Water molecules associated with the movement of protons from the iron electrode to the hydrogen electrode are sufficient to hydrate the membrane and electrode at a low current density of 100 mA cm−2 during the charge process. At higher charge current density, more aggressive measures must be taken to counter back‐diffusion driven by the acid concentration gradient between the iron and hydrogen electrodes. Our water‐management approach is based on water vapor feeding in the hydrogen electrode and water evaporation in the iron electrode, thus enabling high current density operation of 300 mA cm−2.
Ruthenium‐Assisted Tellurium Abstraction in Bis(thiophen‐2‐yl) Ditelluride
Authors: Taimisto Marjaana , Poropudas Merja J. , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Laitinen Risto S.
Published: February 2023

The reaction of [RuCl2(CO)3]2 and Te2Tpn2 (Tpn=thiophen‐2‐yl, C4H3S) in the absence of light resulted in the formation of cct‐[RuCl2(CO)2(TeTpn2)2] (1) [cis(Cl)‐cis(CO)‐trans(TeTpn2)] and TeTpn2 (2) together with the precipitation of tellurium. The complex 1 and the monotelluride 2 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The decomposition of Te2Tpn2 to TeTpn2 has been monitored by 125Te NMR spectroscopy and seemed to be faster than the ligand substitution in [RuCl2(CO)3]2 by TeTpn2. A catalytic cycle is proposed for the decomposition of Te2Tpn2 to TeTpn2 based on the PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVP calculations.
The Impact of Fat Deterioration on Formation of Acrylamide in Fried Foods
Authors: Gertz Christian , Aladedunye Felix , Popp Martin , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: February 2023

The current study investigates to what extent the reaction products of thermal degradation directly influence acrylamide formation in French fries. The frying tests at 170 and 180 °C are carried out with rapeseed oil for 32 h with 128 frying cycles. Acrylamide content in French fries is determined by LC‐MS/MS. Oxidative and thermal degradation is followed by measuring total polar compounds (TPC), di‐ and polymerized triacylglycerols (DPTG), monomer oxidized triacylglycerols (MONOX), p‐anisidine value (AnV), mono and di‐acyl‐glycerols (MAG and DAG), acid value (AV), epoxy fatty acids, iodine value (IV), saponification value, and fatty acid composition. During frying, the nature and degradation level of the frying medium have a direct impact on acrylamide formation. It can be shown that the pH‐dependent reaction is strongly inhibited at acid values above 0.5 mg KOH g−1 oil. Acidity measured as AV or FFA is mainly caused by oxidation, and less so by hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) as assumed up to now. Obviously, acid functional groups formed by oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids bound in TAG can act not only as catalyst for dimerization of TAG but also interact with asparagine as most important precursor for acrylamide formation so that no reaction with carbonyl groups for the formation of acrylamide is necessary.

Practical applications: The same acidic functional groups that are known to catalyze the formation of dimeric TAG under frying conditions (160–190 °C, access of oxygen) in a nonradical mechanism apparently can also deactivate asparagine by protonization as a potential precursor for the formation of acrylamide. It is recommended not to reduce acidity of used frying oil by active filter aids below AV ≥ 0.5 as it helps to reduce acrylamide contamination of fried food.
Pain and Parkinson's disease: Current mechanism and management updates
Authors: Viseux Frederic J. F. , Delval Arnaud , Simoneau Martin , Defebvre Luc
Published: February 2023

The aim of this comprehensive review was to provide an overview of pain in Parkinson's disease (PD) by identifying different clinical features and potential mechanisms, and presenting some data on the evaluation and management of pain in PD. PD is a multifocal degenerative and progressive disease, which could affect the pain process at multiple levels. Pain in PD has a multifactorial aetiology, with a dynamic process based on pain intensity, complexity of symptoms, pain pathophysiology and presence of comorbidities. In fact, pain in PD responds to the concept of multimorphic pain, which can evolve, in relation to the different factors, whether they are linked to disease and its management. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will help in guiding of treatment choices. Providing scientific support useful for clinicians and health professionals involved in management of PD, the aim of this review was to bringing practical suggestions and clinical perspectives on the development of a multimodal approach guided by a multidisciplinary clinical intervention through a combination of pharmacological and rehabilitative approaches, to manage pain to improve the quality of life on individuals with PD.
Pain modulates early sensory brain responses to task‐irrelevant emotional faces
Authors: Xu Qianru , Ye Chaoxiong , Li Xueqiao , Zhao Guoying , Astikainen Piia
Published: February 2023

Background

Pain can have a significant impact on an individual's life, as it has both cognitive and affective consequences. However, our understanding of how pain affects social cognition is limited. Previous studies have shown that pain, as an alarm stimulus, can disrupt cognitive processing when focal attention is required, but whether pain also affects task‐irrelevant perceptual processing remains unclear.

Methods

We examined the effect of laboratory‐induced pain on event‐related potentials (ERPs) to neutral, sad and happy faces before, during and after a cold pressor pain. ERPs reflecting different stages of visual processing (P1, N170 and P2) were analysed.

Results

Pain decreased the P1 amplitude for happy faces and increased the N170 amplitude for happy and sad faces compared to the pre‐pain phase. The effect of pain on N170 was also observed in the post‐pain phase. The P2 component was not affected by pain.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that pain alters both featural (P1) and structural face‐sensitive (N170) visual encoding of emotional faces, even when the faces are irrelevant to the task. While the effect of pain on initial feature encoding seemed to be disruptive and specific to happy faces, later processing stages showed long‐lasting and increased activity for both sad and happy emotional faces.

Significance

The observed alterations in face perception due to pain may have consequences for real‐life interactions, as fast and automatic encoding of facial emotions is important for social interactions.
The effect of high versus low cognitive load on the development of nociceptive hypersensitivity: The roles of sympathetic arousal, sex and pain‐related fear
Authors: Meyers Elke , Vlaeyen Johan W. S. , van den Broeke Emanuel N. , von Leupoldt Andreas , Palmer Andrew J. , Torta Diana M.
Published: February 2023

Background

According to limited‐capacity theories of attention, less attentional resources remain available when engaging in a high‐ versus a low‐demanding cognitive task. This may reduce the perceived intensity and the evoked cortical responses of concomitant nociceptive stimuli. Whether and how the competition for limited attentional resources between a cognitive task and pain impacts the development of long‐lasting hypersensitivity is unclear.

Methods

Eighty‐four healthy participants were randomized into a low or high cognitive load group. Low‐frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) of the skin was used to induce secondary hypersensitivity. We hypothesized that performing the high‐load task during LFS would reduce the development of hypersensitivity. We examined whether painfulness, nonpain‐related sympathetic arousal, or sex related to hypersensitivity, by assessing intensity and unpleasantness of mechanical pinprick stimulation. During task execution, we recorded steady‐state evoked potentials evoked by LFS and skin conductance level for sympathetic arousal. Afterwards, participants reported task difficulty and LFS‐related fear. For the primary outcomes, we used mixed analysis of variances.

Results

The results confirmed the difference in cognitive load. Although LFS successfully induced hypersensitivity, the high‐load task did not reduce its development. Next, the steady‐state evoked potentials did not differ between groups. Hypersensitivity correlated positively with pain‐related fear and negatively with skin conductance level before LFS, despite the lack of group differences in skin conductance level. We did not find any sex differences in hypersensitivity.

Conclusions

These results do not confirm that high cognitive load or sex modulate hypersensitivity, but show associations with pain‐related fear and non‐pain‐related sympathetic arousal.

Significance

Previous research has mainly focused on cognitive load effects on the perception of acute painful stimuli. Yet this study extends our understanding by investigating cognitive load effects on the development of long‐lasting secondary hypersensitivity, a common aspect in numerous persistent pain conditions. As cognitive tasks are presented during a painful procedure inducing secondary hypersensitivity, we test the long‐lasting effects of cognitive load. Additionally, we used psychophysiological measurements to explored potential underlying mechanisms involving limited attentional resources and sympathetic arousal
Hybrid porous Ni(OH)2‐MnO2 nanosheets/plasma‐grafted MWCNTs for boosted supercapacitor performance
Authors: Chai Ai‐Wen , Wang Cheng‐Chien , Chen Chuh‐Yung
Published: February 2023

The utilization of nickel hydroxide and manganese dioxide solely as high‐performance supercapacitive materials is hindered by their low capacitance retention and electrical conductivity. As Ni(OH)2 and MnO2 give a synergistic effect, porous Ni(OH)2‐MnO2 nanosheets with a thickness of 9 nm are successfully grown on carbon fiber (CF) via a single‐step hydrothermal co‐deposition method. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) are grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) through plasma‐grafted process, followed by thiol‐ene reaction to synthesize CNT‐MA−S (CMS) to increase their aqueous dispersion behavior. The electrochemical properties of Ni(OH)2‐MnO2 are further enhanced by dip‐coating CMS on nanosheets. The composition and morphology of CMS and Ni(OH)2‐MnO2 nanosheets are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical characteristics of fabricated electrodes are analyzed using cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry methods. CF−Ni(OH)2‐MnO2/CMS electrode is successfully synthesized without using any binder, exhibited ultrahigh specific capacitance (2049 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1), and excellent capacitance retention (>80 %) at 2 A g−1 charge/discharge rate after 5000 cycles.
Analytically pricing exchange options with stochastic liquidity and regime switching
Authors: He Xin‐Jiang , Lin Sha
Published: February 2023

We investigate the valuation of exchange options when the market is affected by changing economic conditions as well as liquidity risks. The volatility and expected returns of both stocks are assumed to be controlled by a continuous‐time Markov chain to reflect the effects of varying economic conditions, and a liquidity discounting factor is employed to capture the impact of market liquidity on stock prices. Once the model has been established, we construct a risk‐neutral measure with the use of regime‐switching Esscher transform, and the characteristic function is then derived in an analytical form, so that a closed‐form formula for exchange options can be presented. We further analyze the effects of the two considered factors on exchange option prices numerically.
The trend of change in cervical tumor size and time to death of hospitalized patients in northwestern Ethiopia during 2018–2022: Retrospective study design
Authors: Aguade Aragaw E. , Gashu Chalachew , Jegnaw Tigist
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer‐related death in the world. The objective of this study was to determine factors that affect the longitudinal change of tumor size and the time to death of outpat

Methods

A retrospective follow‐up study was carried out among 322 randomly selected patients with cervical cancer at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital from May 15, 2018 to May 15, 2022. Data were extracted from the patient's chart from all patients' data records. Kaplan–Meier estimator, log‐rank test, the Cox proportional‐hazard model, and the joint model for the two response variables simultaneously were used.

Results

Among 322 outpatients with cervical cancer, 148 (46%) of them were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and 107 (33.3%) of them died. The results of joint and separate models show that there is an association between survival and the longitudinal data in the analysis; it indicates that there is a dependency between longitudinal terms of cervical tumor size and time‐to‐death events. A unit centimeter square rise in tumor size, corresponding to an exp(0.8502) = 2.34 times, significantly raised the mortality risk.

Conclusion

The study showed that HIV, stage of cancer, treatment, weight, history of abortion, oral contraceptive use, smoking status, and visit time were statistically significant factors for the two outcomes jointly.

Implications

As a result, adequate health services and adequate resource allocations are critical for cervical cancer control and prevention programs. Therefore, the government should provide adequate funding and well‐trained health professionals to hospitals to sustain screening programs with appropriate coverage of cervical cancer patient treatments.
Support needs and experiences of young people living in families with mental illness
Authors: Budden Timothy , Hafizuddin Ahmad , Dimmock James A. , Law Kwok Hong , Furzer Bonnie J. , Jackson Ben
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Children and adolescents living in families affected by mental illness are at elevated risk of developing mental health problems. A range of interventions have been designed to help these young people; however, the effectiveness of these programs is, in some cases, mixed. Our aim was to understand in detail the support needs and experiences of a group of Australian children and adolescents living in families with mental illness.

Methods

Our study is a qualitative in nature. In 2020−2021, we interviewed 25 Australian young people (Mage = 13.60, SD = 2.26, 20 females and 5 males) living with family members affected by mental illness to understand their (the young people's) experiences, and to identify the types of support that these young people considered important or effective. We conducted reflexive thematic analyses of interview data, underpinned by interpretivist assumptions.

Results

We identified seven themes within two higher‐order categories reflecting our aims to understand (1) lived experiences within families affected by mental illness (i.e., increased responsibilities, missing out, and stigmatization), and (2) support experiences, needs, and preferences (i.e., respite, shared experiences with like‐minded others, education, and flexibility).

Conclusions

Our findings hold substantial practical value by informing services, interventions, and conversations that better support young people living in families affected by mental illness.
Revisiting the effect of growing up in a recession on attitudes towards redistribution
Authors: Bietenbeck Jan , Thiemann Petra
Published: February 2023

Giuliano and Spilimbergo (2014) show that individuals who experienced a recession when young are more likely to favor redistribution in the short and long run. We revisit their analysis in three ways. First, we conduct a narrow replication in the General Social Survey and the World Values Survey; we successfully replicate the original results for outcomes that directly measure preferences for redistribution, but the results for other outcomes are less clear‐cut. Second, adding recent survey waves yields results similar to the narrow replication. Third, a wide replication in a different dataset (International Social Survey Programme) corroborates the original results.
Catalyst‐free, one‐pot three‐component synthesis of N,3‐diphenybenzo[d]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles and oxybis(1‐phenyl‐2‐(phenylamino)ethanones)
Authors: Hajipour Mina , Mehrabi Hossein
Published: February 2023

The present work, highlights a highly effective unique procedure for the synthesis of N,3‐diphenybenzo[d]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles and oxybis(1‐phenyl‐2‐(phenylamino)ethanones) via the one‐pot three‐component reaction between aryl glyoxal, aryl amine, and 2‐aminobenzothiazole under catalyst‐free conditions. The present mild and green method uses EtOH without catalyst at reflux conditions. No catalyst with high yields, availability of the starting materials, operational simplicity, cleaner reaction profile, no harmful byproducts, and the isolated products in pure form are the advantages of this protocol. Structures of all the freshly synthesized products have been deduced by their FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and elemental analysis.
Risk‐based versus universal PrEP delivery during pregnancy: a cluster randomized trial in Western Kenya from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Kinuthia John , Dettinger Julia C. , Stern Joshua , Ngumbau Nancy , Ochieng Ben , Gómez Laurén , Abuna Felix , Watoyi Salphine , Marwa Mary , Odinga Daniel , Wagner Anjuli D. , Richardson Barbra A. , Pintye Jillian , Baeten Jared M. , John‐Stewart Grace
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Integrating pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery for pregnant and postpartum women within maternal and child health (MCH) clinics is feasible and acceptable. It is unknown whether a risk‐guided model would facilitate appropriate PrEP use among MCH attendees better than universally offering PrEP.

Methods

The PrEP Implementation for Mothers in Antenatal Care (PrIMA) study was a cluster randomized trial to assess two models for PrEP delivery among pregnant women seeking routine MCH care at 20 public clinics in Kenya between January 2018 and July 2019 (NCT03070600). In the Universal arm, all participants received PrEP counselling and self‐selected whether to initiate PrEP. In the Targeted arm, participants underwent an HIV risk assessment, including an objective risk‐scoring tool and an offer of HIV self‐tests for at‐home partner testing; those determined to be at high risk received a PrEP offer. Participants were followed through 9 months postpartum. Primary outcomes included incident HIV and appropriate PrEP use (defined as PrEP uptake among those at high risk and no PrEP uptake for those not at risk). Outcomes were compared using intention‐to‐treat analyses, adjusting for baseline HIV risk and marital status.

Results

Among 4447 women enrolled, the median age was 24.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 20.9, 28.3), and most were married (84.8%). The median gestational age at enrolment was 24 weeks (IQR: 20, 30). Women in the Targeted arm were more likely to be at high risk for HIV acquisition at baseline (51.6% vs. 33.3%). During 4638 person‐years (p‐yr) of follow‐up, there were 16 maternal HIV infections with no difference in maternal HIV incidence between arms: 0.31/100 p‐yr (95% CI: 0.15, 0.65) Targeted and 0.38/100p‐yr (95% CI: 0.20, 0.73) Universal (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.85 [CI: 0.28, 2.55]). There was no significant difference in the frequency of appropriate PrEP use between the arms (68.2% vs. 59.1% in Targeted vs. Universal, respectively) (aRR: 1.03 [CI: 0.96, 1.10]).

Conclusions

Given comparable maternal HIV incidence and PrEP uptake in Universal and Targeted approaches, and the simplicity that universal PrEP offers, our findings suggest that universal PrEP counselling is optimal for integrating PrEP in MCH systems.
Sex differences in atrial fibrillation ablation in‐hospital outcomes from the National Inpatient Sample database 2016–2019
Authors: Shrestha Biraj , Fraga Julian Diaz , Poudel Bidhya , Donato Anthony
Published: February 2023

Background

Research has shown mixed results when comparing in‐hospital complications following atrial fibrillation ablation in women compared to men.

Objectives

To better quantify sex differences and in‐hospital outcomes in atrial fibrillation ablation procedures and identify factors associated with poorer outcomes.

Methods

We queried the NIS database from 2016 to 2019 for hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of atrial fibrillation ablation and excluded patients with any other arrhythmias, ICD/pacemaker placement. We assessed demographics, in‐hospital mortality, and complications of women compared to men.

Results

Admissions for atrial fibrillation were more common in females than males (849 050 vs. 815 665; p < .001). However, females were less likely to receive ablation (1.65% vs. 2.71%, OR: 0.60; 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.64, p < .001), which persisted after adjusting for cardiomyopathy (adjusted OR: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.65, p < .001). The primary outcome of in‐hospital mortality was not statistically different in univariate analysis (0.39% vs. 0.36%, OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.44–2.72, p = .84), finding that did not change when adjusted for comorbidities (adjusted OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.36–2.49). The complication rate in hospitalized patients following ablation was 8.08%. The total unadjusted complication rate was higher for females than males (9.58% vs. 7.09%, p = .001); however, it was not significant when adjusted for risks (adjusted OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.99–1.53, p = .06).

Conclusion

Female sex is not associated with increased complications or death in a real‐world study of catheter ablation when results are adjusted for risks. However, females admitted with atrial fibrillation receive ablation less often than males during hospital admission.
Why do researchers co‐author evidence syntheses with librarians? A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Logan Judith
Published: February 2023

Librarians and information specialists are experts in designing comprehensive literature searches, such as those needed for Evidence Syntheses (ES). The contributions of these professionals to ES research teams have several documented benefits, especially when they collaborate on the project. However, librarian co‐authorship is relatively rare. This study explores researcher motivations for working with librarians at the co‐author level through a mixed methods design. Interviews with researchers identified 20 potential motivations that were then tested through an online questionnaire sent to authors of recently published ES. Consistent with previous findings, most respondents did not have a librarian co‐author on their ES, though 16% acknowledged one in their manuscript and 10% consulted one but did not document the contribution. Search expertise was the most common motivation both to and not to co‐author with librarians. Those that had or were interested in co‐authoring stated that they wanted the librarians' search expertise, while those who had not or were not interested stated that they already had the necessary search expertise. Researchers who were motivated by methodological expertise and availability were more likely to have co‐authored their ES with a librarian. No motivations were negatively associated with librarian co‐authorship. These findings provide an overview of the motivations that influence researchers to bring a librarian into an ES investigatory team. More research is needed to substantiate the validity of these motivations.
A prognostic score from a multicentric retrospective analysis of patients affected by sarcoma with metachronous lung metastases undergoing metastasectomy
Authors: Gallina Filippo Tommaso , Melis Enrico , Bertolaccini Luca , Spaggiari Lorenzo , Rocca Michele , Donati Davide Maria , Chiappetta Marco , Margaritora Stefano , Bertoglio Pietro , Solli Piergiorgio , Mammana Marco , Rea Federico , Onesti Elisa Concetta , Ferraresi Virginia , Sperduti Isabella , Ciliberto Gennaro , Facciolo Francesco
Published: February 2023

Background

Despite the lack of evidence‐based on prospective randomized studies, surgery has become the cornerstone of the treatment in patients with pulmonary oligometastatic sarcomas. Our study aimed to construct a composite prognostic score for metachronous oligometastatic sarcoma patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on data patients who underwent radical surgery for metachronous metastases in six research institutes from January 2010 to December 2018. The log‐hazard ratio (HR) obtained from the Cox model was used to derive weighting factors for a continuous prognostic index designed to identify differential outcome risks.

Results

A total of 251 patients were enrolled in the study. In the multivariate analysis, a longer disease‐free interval (DFI) and a lower neutrophil‐to‐lymphocytes ratio (NLR) were predictive of a better overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). A prognostic score was developed based on DFI and NLR data, identifying 2 risk class groups for DFS (3‐years DFS 20.2% for the high‐risk group [HRG]and 46.4% for the low‐risk group [LRG] [<0.0001]) and 3 risk groups for OS (3 years OS 53.9% for the HRG vs. 76.9% for the intermediate‐risk group and 100% of the LRG (p < 0.0001)).

Conclusion

The proposed prognostic score effectively predicts outcomes for patients with lung metachronous oligo‐metastases from the surgically treated sarcoma.
Comprehensive physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis of the response of Panicum miliaceum L. roots to alkaline stress
Authors: Ma Qian , Wang Honglu , Wu Enguo , Yuan Yuhao , Feng Yu , Zhao Lin , Feng Baili
Published: February 2023

Alkaline stress disrupts transcriptional expression and causes metabolite accumulation, thus affecting plant growth. However, there are gaps in the response mechanism of plants to alkaline stress at the molecular dimension. Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a pioneer plant for stress resistance also is a future smart food crop. To explore the physiological‐molecular response and adaptation mechanism of broomcorn millet root to alkaline stress, we conducted physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses on roots of two broomcorn millet cultivars (alkaline‐sensitive S223 and alkaline‐tolerant T289) that were exposed to normal conditions (CK) and alkaline stress (AS) treatments (40 mM and a molar ratio of Na2CO3: NaHCO3 = 1:9) for 7 days. Alkaline stress inhibited mineral uptake in broomcorn millet roots and enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde, and soluble substances, resulting in changes in growth, biomass, and root structure. Correspondingly, differentially expressed genes induced by alkaline stress were prominently enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and other biological pathways. Similar results were obtained from the differentially accumulated metabolites analysis. In addition, joint transcriptome and metabolome analysis indicated that genes of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were upregulated or downregulated in AS groups, however, the related metabolite accumulations were inhibited. This study integrates multiple methods to uncover the mechanisms of broomcorn millet response to alkaline stress. These findings suggest a new direction for phytoremediation of alkaline lands.
Effects of straw mixed mulch length and coverage on infiltration, soil and water loss of Loess Plateau slopes
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Zhang Xiumei , Wang Yangxiu , Ma Bo
Published: February 2023

To study the influence of the wheat straw length and mulching on soil erosion under mixed mulch application, indoor simulation experiments were adopted to study the characteristics of infiltration, runoff and sediment yield changes under a rainfall intensity of 90 mm hr−1. The results indicated that the length, coverage and interaction imposed significant effects on these variables. With increasing coverage, the infiltration exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The change trend of runoff and sediment is the opposite of the infiltration trend. When the length is less than or equal to 8–10 cm and the coverage is lower than 4.5 t hm−2, the sum of the length and coverage multiplied by the length and coverage attains a power function relationship with the slope infiltration rate. When the length is greater than or equal to 8–10 cm and the coverage is lower than 4.5 t hm−2, the sum of the length and coverage multiplied by the coverage divided by the length attains a power function relationship with slope infiltration rate. The reciprocal of these two variables attains a power function relationship with runoff and sediment yield. In this study, when the length ranged from 8–10 cm and the coverage was 3.5 t hm−2, the average infiltration rate was the highest, and the cumulative runoff and sediment yield were the lowest. Mixed straw mulching can effectively increase infiltration and reduce runoff and sediment yield, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of agriculture and ecology on slope farms.
Stable Organic Antimony Halides with Near‐Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Meng Haixing , Chen Bing , Zhu Wenjuan , Zhou Zijian , Jiang Tianxiang , Xu Xiuwen , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: February 2023

X‐ray imaging technology has been widely used in the fields of environmental monitoring, safety inspection, nondestructive examination, space exploration, and medical diagnosis, among which scintillation materials play a vital role in indirectly converting X‐ray to visible photons. Here, a zero‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid halide C50H44P2SbCl5 crystal is prepared via a facile antisolvent precipitation method at room temperature. The single crystal of C50H44P2SbCl5 displays a strong yellow broadband emission centered at 592 nm with a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 98.42%. Importantly, C50H44P2SbCl5 crystals show great environmental stability and irradiation stability. Radioluminescence characterization indicates that C50H44P2SbCl5 crystals exhibit a good linear response to X‐ray dose rates along with an excellent light yield of 44 460 photons MeV−1, surpassing that of commercial inorganic LuAG:Ce scintillator. The spatial resolution of the C50H44P2SbCl5‐based scintillating screen is determined to be 8.2 lp mm−1. In conjunction with polymer thin film, the excellent scintillating feature of organic–inorganic hybrid halides offers exciting opportunities for achieving high‐quality flexible X‐ray imaging.
Navigator‐based slice tracking for kidney pCASL using spin‐echo EPI acquisition
Authors: Zhang Ke , Triphan Simon M. F. , Ziener Christian H. , Jende Johann M. E. , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Sedlaczek Oliver , Kurz Felix T.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To apply a navigator‐based slice‐tracking method to prospectively compensate respiratory motion for kidney pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), using spin‐echo (SE) EPI acquisition.

Methods

A single gradient‐echo slice selection and projection readout at the location of the diaphragm along the inferior–superior direction was applied as a navigator. Navigator acquisition and fat suppression were inserted before each transverse imaging slice of the readouts of a 2D‐SE‐EPI‐based pCASL sequence. Motion information was calculated after exclusion of the signal saturation in the navigator signal caused by EPI excitations. The motion information was then used to directly adjust the slice positioning in real time.

Results

The respiratory motion from the navigator signal was calculated, and slice positioning was changed in real time based on the motion information. We could show that motion compensation reduces kidney movement, and that the coefficients of variation across renal perfusion values were significantly reduced when motion correction was applied. The average reduction of coefficients of variation was approximately 20%, resulting in a more accurate and detailed structure of the respective perfusion maps.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of a navigator‐based slice‐tracking technique in kidney imaging with a SE‐EPI readout pCASL sequence to reduce kidney motion.
Influence of interface transition zone on effective elastic property of heterogeneous materials with an artificial neural network study
Authors: Xue Jing , Cao Yajun , Burlion Nicolas , Shao Jianfu
Published: February 2023

In this study, the influence of interface transition zone (ITZ) on the elastic properties of concrete and rock like heterogeneous materials is investigated. Direct simulations of a representative volume element are realized by using a fast Fourier transform based method and the obtained results are used as the reference solutions. Some widely used analytical homogenization models are evaluated by comparing the theoretical predictions with the reference solutions. Based on this evaluation, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is constructed in order to improve the analytical models. The proposed ANN model is trained, tested and validated against the reference solution. Its efficiency and good accuracy are clearly demonstrated.
Intention to leave the profession and related factors in nurses: A cross‐sectional study in Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Maleki Raheleh , janatolmakan Maryam , Fallahi Masoud , Andayeshgar Bahare , Khatony Alireza
Published: February 2023

Aim

To investigate the intention to leave the profession and its related factors among nurses in Kermanshah, western Iran.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A total of 377 nurses were enrolled in a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by the Anticipated Turnover Scale and a sociodemographic information form. and analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics (logistic regression analysis).

Results

The results showed that 49.6% (n = 187) of nurses tended to leave the profession and the mean score of intention to leave was 36.6 ± 0.5 of 60. There were no statistically significant differences between nurses who intended to leave and those who did not in terms of age, marital status, gender, type of employment, type of shift and work experience. But a statistically significant association was found between workplace (p = 0.041, adjusted OR = 2.07) and job title (p = 0.016, adjusted OR = 0.58) and intention to leave the profession.

Patient or Public Contribution

No
Resource roundup: Storytelling resources for marketers
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: February 2023

How and where we tell stories about our institution might have changed, but the fundamentals of an effective, memorable story remain.
Conformal structure‐preserving method for two‐dimensional damped nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Wu Longbin , Ma Qiang , Ding Xiaohua
Published: February 2023

This paper mainly analyzes conservation laws and convergence of splitting conformal multisymplectic scheme for solving the two‐dimensional damped nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation. In order to obtain conformal multisymplectic scheme, first using Strang splitting method, the original problem is split into conservative multisymplectic and dissipative multisymplectic systems. The conservative multisymplectic system is numerically solved and the dissipative part is solved exactly. And then there shows the corresponding conservation laws and numerical scheme, in which the implicit midpoint method is used in time and the Fourier pseudospectral method is used in space, it also preserves conformal multisymplectic, the global conformal symplectic and global conformal mass conservation laws. Most important of all, we discuss convergence of the proposed scheme which is second‐order accuracy in time and spectral accuracy in space. Finally, the validity and accuracy of the theoretical results are verified by several numerical examples.
Uncoordinated federalism: Subnational response to the pandemic crisis in Mexico
Authors: Cejudo Guillermo M. , Gómez‐Álvarez David
Published: February 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has demanded prompt actions from governments all over the world. In both developed and developing countries, national governments have had to make unprecedented decisions to face the extraordinary challenges posed by the pandemic. In this paper, we explore how, due to the limited intervention from the Mexican federal government (in terms of policy actions, funding mechanisms and acting as a coordinating agent), state governments stepped up to respond to the pandemic. We argue that Mexico's response was relatively decentralized and substantially shaped by individual subnational governments. Based on a new dataset of over 600 subnational governments' responses to the social and economic effects of the pandemic, we show that state governments decided to react to the pandemic with their own policy measures, responding locally to pressing concerns. Furthermore, we demonstrate that state government responses varied widely in their scope and ambition, which exacerbated the pandemic's uneven national effects. We further contend that the structural constraints of Mexico's federalism have had an impact on these reactions, as social policy responsibilities at the state and local levels have historically been opaque and fragmented and state governments lack the funding necessary to implement sufficient and innovative initiatives.
Registration of ‘S17‐2243C’: A non‐genetically modified maturity group IV soybean cultivar with high yield and elevated oil concentration
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Shannon J. Grover , Lee Dongho , do Granja Matheus Ogando , Vieira Caio Canella , Lee Yi‐Chen , Ali Md Liakat , do Nascimento Emanuel Ferrari , Scaboo Andrew , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Selves Stewart , Nguyen Henry T. , Li Zenglu , Mitchum Melissa Goellner , Averitt Ben , Bond Jason P. , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Usovsky Mariola , Li Shuxian , Smith James R. , Gillen Anne M. , Mengistu Alemu , Zhang Bo , Mozzoni Leandro Angel , Moseley David
Published: February 2023

‘S17‐2243C’ (Reg. no. CV‐557, PI 700003) is a semi‐determinate, maturity group IV (relative maturity 4.9), non‐genetically modified (non‐GM) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released by the University of Missouri‐Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center. S17‐2243C was developed to meet the growing demands for new non‐GM soybean cultivars with high yield and elevated seed oil content. S17‐2243C is resistant to stem canker and charcoal rot and has tolerance to salinity conditions. Seed of S17‐2243C has averaged 232 g kg−1 of oil concentration on a dry weight basis, which was significantly higher than all check cultivars in the 2020 USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States. S17‐2243C was tested against high‐yielding private and public soybean cultivars from 2018 to 2021 in 80 locations across 12 states, including Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. With high yield potential, broad adaptability, early maturity, elevated seed oil content, and non‐GM traits, S17‐2243C is an excellent cultivar choice for soybean growers adopting alternative growing systems and benefiting from premium prices offered for non‐GM soybean products.
Ultra‐high‐field pharmacological functional MRI of dopamine D1 receptor‐related interventions in anesthetized rats
Authors: Kimura Yuka , Nakazawa Shunsuke , Nishigori Kantaro , Mori Yuki , Ichihara Junji , Yoshioka Yoshichika
Published: February 2023

The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is associated with schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although the receptor is considered a therapeutic target for these diseases, its neurophysiological function has not been fully elucidated. Pharmacological functional MRI (phfMRI) has been used to evaluate regional brain hemodynamic changes induced by neurovascular coupling resulting from pharmacological interventions, thus phfMRI studies can be used to help understand the neurophysiological function of specific receptors. Herein, the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal changes associated with D1R action in anesthetized rats was investigated by using a preclinical ultra‐high‐field 11.7‐T MRI scanner. PhfMRI was performed before and after administration of the D1‐like receptor agonist (SKF82958), antagonist (SCH39166), or physiological saline subcutaneously. Compared to saline, the D1‐agonist induced a BOLD signal increase in the striatum, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. At the same time, the D1‐antagonist reduced the BOLD signal in the striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum by evaluating temporal profiles. PhfMRI detected D1R‐related BOLD signal changes in the brain regions associated with high expression of D1R. We also measured the early expression of c‐fos at the mRNA level to evaluate the effects of SKF82958 and isoflurane anesthesia on neuronal activity. Regardless of the presence of isoflurane anesthesia, c‐fos expression level was increased in the region where positive BOLD responses were observed with administration of SKF82958. These findings demonstrated that phfMRI could be used to identify the effects of direct D1 blockade on physiological brain functions and also for neurophysiological assessment of dopamine receptor functions in living animals.
Study of Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of the Nano‐Graphene of Mixed Spins S = 3/2 and σ = 2: A Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Jerrari Mohamed , Masrour Rachid , Sahdane Taoufik
Published: February 2023

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the nano‐graphene monolayer structure consisting of mixed spins S = 3/2 and σ = 2 are studied by using Monte Carlo simulations. The ground‐state phase diagrams corresponding to several physical parameters are first discussed. The influence of the number of lattice sites on the total and partial magnetizations and the magnetic susceptibilities has been investigated. The critical temperature is deduced. The effect of exchange interaction, external magnetic, and crystal field on total magnetizations is studied. Magnetic hysteresis cycles are obtained. Specific heat change and magnetic entropy changes are inferred for several magnetic fields. Finally, the relative cooling power is determined.
Structural design and performance study of corrugated fibreboard with a laminated structure
Authors: Li‐na Zhou , Chen Zhong , Li Liu , Yan‐ping Guo , Xin Chen , Zheng Xia
Published: February 2023

Corrugated box is an important transport packaging container in the global logistics. The research on its raw material, that is, corrugated fibreboard, has always been an important topic in the packaging field. However, the research objects nearly focus on the corrugated fibreboard of traditional corrugated medium. The innovative research on the structure of corrugated fibreboard is also still rare. Since the pandemic COVID‐19 in 2020, the international corrugated packaging industry has faced new dilemma. The development of new corrugated boxes and fibreboard is the way to break the situation in innovation and transformation. This study aims to design a new fibreboard with laminated structure medium for obtaining a new type of corrugated fibreboard for packaging with better cushioning and anti‐vibration performance than traditional corrugated fibreboard. The verification experiments show that the new fibreboard has better recovery and structural stability due to its unique three‐layer structure. The static and dynamic cushioning performance and anti‐vibration performance of the proposed fibreboard have been greatly improved compared with those of the traditional one.