bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gold Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformations
Authors: Porcel García Susana
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, the strategies developed to attain asymmetric reactions with gold are disclosed. Because of its preferred linear arrangement, to induce asymmetry, gold(I) needs to fulfill one of the following requirements: a) the use of bulky chiral ligands, that create a chiral pocket around the active site, b) the coordination to bifunctional ligands capable to establish secondary interactions with substrates, or c) tight ion pairing with chiral counteranions. On the other hand, gold(III) profits of a square-planar coordination mode, which approaches chiral ligands to substrates. However, its tendency to be reduced leads to difficulties for its applications in catalytic asymmetric transformations. Pioneering works using cyclometaled structures, have found the balance between stability and activity, showing its potential in asymmetric transformations.
Study on Approximate Analytical Method with Its Application Arising in Fluid Flow
Authors: R. Singh Twinkle
Published: May 2021

This chapter is about the, Variational iteration method (VIM); Adomian decomposition method and its modification has been applied to solve nonlinear partial differential equation of imbibition phenomenon in oil recovery process. The important condition of counter-current imbibition phenomenon as vi=−vn, has been considered here main aim, here is to determine the saturation of injected fluid Sixt during oil recovery process which is a function of distance ξ and time θ, therefore saturation Si is chosen as a dependent variable while xandt are chosen as independent variable. The solution of the phenomenon has been found by VIM, ADM and Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM). The effectiveness of our method is illustrated by different numerical.
Gastrointestinal Physiopathological Testing for Upper GI Functional Disorders
Authors: Battaglia Edda , Luisa Niola Maria , Boano Valentina , M.C. Elia Chiara , Sguazzini Carlo , Grassini Mario
Published: May 2021

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are disorders of gut–brain interaction; it is a group of disorders classified by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms related to any combination of the following: motility disturbance, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota, altered central nervous system processing. In general, investigations on intestinal motility should be reserved for patients with symptoms correlated to motor alterations that greatly influence the quality of life, nutrition and productivity, as they are justified only if a result can be expected that influences the clinical management of the patient. Esophageal High-resolution manometry (HRM) today permits greater understanding of the function of the esophagogastric junction and the esophageal motility. In the more frequent clinical manifestation, like as Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), despite endoscopy, the pH-impedance is considered the most accurate and detailed method to assess acid/weakly acid or non acid gastroesophageal reflux, to identify the specific phenotypes of reflux disease spectrum. To investigate gastric motor function, the scintigraphic gastric emptying test is the gold standard, but it still has poor uniformity of the protocols, that undermine the quality and usefulness of the test. The current and increasingly widespread alternative to scintigraphic emptying is the breath-test with octanoic acid (OBT) or Spirulina labeled with C13, a test that has the favor of not using radioactive substances and that has shown a high concordance with the scintigraphic test. The intraluminal capsule test is a recent promising tool, that records intraluminal pH, pressure, temperature and post-prandial gastric contractions, and transmits wireless data to a receiver. EGG is a non-invasive technique that measures gastric myoelectric activity- and consequently its function- using skin electrodes placed in the upper abdomen. Gastro-jejunal manometry with multiple pressure sensor catheters located in the antrum, pylorus, duodenum and jejunum is the only clinically available test that allows detailed evaluation of coordinated gastro-duodenum-jejunal contraction models. The functional ultrasound, the barostat, the SPECT and resonance methods have provided preliminary data on their application in the study of gastrointestinal motility, but the data are still missing and the methods are not validated.
Microbial Diversity of Traditionally Processed Cheese from Northeastern Region of Transylvania (Romania)
Authors: György Éva , Laslo Éva
Published: May 2021

The composition and production technology of the cheese are extremely diverse. There are a wide variety of microbial species on their surface, with a much smaller number inside of the product. The microbiota of the cheese may be composed of beneficial microorganisms, spoilage and foodborne pathogens. Identification and characterization of the microorganisms present in these products are important nutrition, food safety and technological aspects. During our work we evaluated the prevalence of allochthonous bacteria and microscopic fungi in traditionally processed cheeses from northeastern region of Transylvania, with classical microbiological culture methods. Based on the results the microbiota of the analysed cheeses was highly diversified. The identified bacteria with the highest prevalence from different selective media, were as follows: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, Shigella flexnerii, Proteus vulgaris, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus equorum subsp. equorum, Staphylococcus equorum subsp. linens, Halomonas alkaliphila, Kocuria rhizophila, Hafnia paralvei, Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella michiganensis.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Bacteriophages
Authors: Palaniappan Ramasamy , Dayanithi Govindan
Published: May 2021

Bacteriophages are bacterial cell-borne viruses that act as natural bacteria killers and they have been identified as therapeutic antibacterial agents. Bacteriophage therapy is a bacterial disease medication that is given to humans after a diagnosis of the disease to prevent and manage a number of bacterial infections. The ability of phage to invade and destroy their target bacterial host cells determines the efficacy of bacteriophage therapy. Bacteriophage therapy, which can be specific or nonspecific and can include a single phage or a cocktail of phages, is a safe treatment choice for antibiotic-resistant and recurrent bacterial infections after antibiotics have failed. A therapy is a cure for health problems, which is administered after the diagnosis of the diseases in the patient. Such non-antibiotic treatment approaches for drug-resistant bacteria are thought to be a promising new alternative to antibiotic therapy and vaccination. The occurrence, biology, morphology, infectivity, lysogenic and lytic behaviours, efficacy, and mechanisms of bacteriophages’ therapeutic potentials for control and treatment of multidrug-resistant/sensitive bacterial infections are discussed. Isolation, long-term storage and recovery of lytic bacteriophages, bioassays, in vivo and in vitro experiments, and bacteriophage therapy validation are all identified. Holins, endolysins, ectolysins, and bacteriocins are bacteriophage antibacterial enzymes that are specific. Endolysins cause the target bacterium to lyse instantly, and hence their therapeutic potential has been explored in “Endolysin therapy.” Endolysins have a high degree of biochemical variability, with certain lysins having a wider bactericidal function than antibiotics, while their bactericidal activities are far narrower. Bacteriophage recombinant lysins (chimeric streptococcal–staphylococcal constructs) have high specificity for a single bacterial species, killing only that species (lysin (CF-301) is focused to kill methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), while other lysins have a broader lytic activity, killing several different bacterial species and hence the range of bactericidal activity. New advances in medicine, food safety, agriculture, and biotechnology demonstrate molecular engineering, such as the optimization of endolysins for particular applications. Small molecule antibiotics are replaced by lysins. The chapter discusses the occurrences of lytic phage in pathogenic bacteria in animals and humans, as well as the possible therapeutic effects of endolysins-bacteriophage therapy in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating the utility and efficacy of the therapy. Further developments in the bacteriophage assay, unique molecular-phage therapy, or a cocktail of phage for the control of a broad range of drug-resistant bacteria-host systems can promote non-antibiotic treatment methods as a viable alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy.
Graves’ Disease and Pregnancy
Authors: Petrov Botushanov Nikolay , Nikolaev Botushanov Aleksandar , Dimitrova Botushanova Albena
Published: May 2021

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune organ specific disease characterized by excessive production of hormones from the thyroid gland and by its diffuse enlargement. The growth and function of the thyroid gland are stimulated by autoantibodies directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Pregnancies complicated by Graves’ disease are characterized with higher incidence of abortion, preterm delivery, low-birth- weight infants and neonatal mortality, as well as maternal complications such as heart failure, eclampsia and rarely thyroid storm. When fully controlled hyperthyroidism have excellent outcomes. Different therapeutic approaches are used in women with Graves’ planning pregnancy and in those when the disease is diagnosed after they became pregnant. Thionamides are the first choice for treatment, with Propylthyouracil being preferred for the first trimester and Methimazole for the second and third trimester. Aplasia cutis and some other malformations were associated with methimazole use during pregnancy. Monitoring the effect of treatment should ensure keeping maternal FT4 in the high normal range. Block-and replace regimen is not recommended and rdioiodine therapy is absolutely contraindicated. Thyroidectomy may be considered before pregnancy or in rare cases in the second trimester. Iodine is avoided because of the risk of fetal hypothyroidism and goiter. The use of beta-blockers is controversial. Noenatal thyrotoxicosis may occur in association with maternal Graves’ disease due to maternal TSAbs cross through the placenta.
Diagnosis, Prognosis, Management, Treatment, Research and Advances in Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Simpson Siobhan , Kordtomeikel Kara-Zoë , Wong Serena , Bennison Samantha , A.A. El-Gendy Samir , Cobb Malcolm , Sian Rutland Catrin
Published: May 2021

Dilated cardiomyopathy involves enlargement of the ventricular chamber and systolic dysfunction. The reduction in quality of life and increased levels of congestive heart failure, combined with the high diagnosis rate within the canine population, highlights the need for research into this disorder. This chapter looks at prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. It details the disease pathology and physiology through to present clinical practices and studies to support prevention and treatment. This chapter also looks at the research being undertaken to further understand cardiomyopathies in dogs and develop new interventions. This ranges from fatty acids profiles to genetics and even personalized medicine and comparisons with human cardiomyopathy.
Building for Sustainable Ventilation and Air Quality
Authors: Björling Mikael
Published: May 2021

Most legislations concerning ventilation are based on perceived air quality criteria, but ventilation is also important for the health of the occupants. The perceived air quality criteria can be viewed as a pragmatic tool to achieve an adequate ventilation for precautionary health measures. From a comfort and health perspective, the ventilation rate and an efficient air distribution are both important for achieving a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Yet, most legislative requirements focus on the ventilation rate. This is not enough, and it is recommended that legislation also address the air distribution with the same zeal. In particular, the efficient distribution of fresh air to the occupied zones or lowering the concentrations of pollutants in the occupied zones. Because there are clear links between ventilation and health, it is extremely worrying that the “energy efficiency first” principle advocated in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) has led to decreasing ventilation requirements in the European Union legislations, at the same time as the objective is to aggressively tighten the envelopes of the building stock. A second consequence of EPBD is probably that many naturally ventilated buildings will be retrofitted with mechanical ventilation systems. It is not clear that this would be the more sustainable solution in the long run.
Application of Einstein’s Methods in a Quantum Theory of Radiation
Authors: Joseph Oldani Richard
Published: May 2021

Einstein showed in his seminal paper on radiation that molecules with a quantum-theoretical distribution of states in thermal equilibrium are in dynamical equilibrium with the Planck radiation. The method he used assigns coordinates fixed with respect to molecules to derive the A and B coefficients, and fixed relative to laboratory coordinates to specify their thermal motion. The resulting dynamical equilibrium between quantum mechanical and classically defined statistics is critically dependent upon considerations of momentum exchange. When Einstein’s methods relating classical and quantum mechanical statistical laws are applied to the level of the single quantum oscillator they show that matrix mechanics describes the external appearances of an atom as determined by photon-electron interactions in laboratory coordinates, and wave mechanics describes an atom’s internal structure according to the Schrödinger wave equation. Non-commutation is due to the irreversibility of momentum exchange when transforming between atomic and laboratory coordinates. This allows the “rotation” of the wave function to be interpreted as the changing phase of an electromagnetic wave. In order to describe the momentum exchange of a quantum oscillator the Hamiltonian model of atomic structure is replaced by a Lagrangian model that is formulated with equal contributions from electron, photon, and nucleus. The fields of the particles superpose linearly, but otherwise their physical integrity is maintained throughout. The failure of past and present theoretical models to include momentum is attributed to the overwhelming requirement of human visual systems for an explicit stimulus.
Various Facets of Anxiety during the Pandemic in India - Critical Issues
Authors: Laijawala Riddhi , Sonavane Sushma , De Sousa Avinash
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought on a lot of challenges. Among these challenges, the most pressing causes for concern are mental health issues. Anxiety is one such mental health concern that statistics has shown as increasing since the beginning of the pandemic. Numerous causes have contributed to these rising levels of anxiety. Health related concerns, loss of income, are just some of the many reasons that individuals have attributed their anxiety to. The Indian population has especially seen a massive number of jobs that have been lost, and the first lockdown in April 2020 saw a major domestic migrant crisis. In addition, a number of groups, such as the elderly, women, and the youth have faced anxiety provoking situations of their own. While India is currently facing a second wave exactly a year later, the facets of anxiety to take into consideration are numerous. The chapter looks at various facets of anxiety that have been encountered during the pandemic from an Indian context.
Four new species and new records of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from Iran
Authors: Asadi-Farfar Maryam , Karimpour Younes , Lotfalizadeh Hossein , Buhl Peter Neerup
Published: May 2021

The following four species new to science are described: Platygaster azarbaijanica Buhl & Asadi sp. nov., Platygaster lotfalizadehi Buhl & Asadi sp. nov., Platygaster karimpouri Asadi & Buhl sp. nov. and Synopeas calecai Buhl & Asadi sp. nov. Diagnostic characters are discussed, and figures are provided to distinguish the new species. In addition, ten species of Platygastrinae Howard, 1892 belonging to the genera Platygaster Latreille, 1809, Synopeas Förster, 1856 and Leptacis Förster, 1856 are reported as new records for the fauna of Iran. Four species of Platygaster and one species of Synopeas are recorded as ʻconferʼ.
Doege-Potter syndrome: a rare presentation of a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura
Authors: Estradioto Liu , Araujo Rodrigo Bettega de , Bergonse Nelson , Araújo Vanessa Bettega de , Coelho Marlos de Souza , Silva Larissa Luvison Gomes da
Published: May 2021

Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura usually have a benign behavior, although some may present malignant characteristics - recurrences, metastases, and paraneoplastic syndromes. When a solitary fibrous tumor is responsible for the development of hypoglycemia, we have a case of Doege-Potter syndrome. We describe a case of a male patient that presented recurring and severe hypoglycemia, being also diagnosed with an extensive intrathoracic mass, which was proven to be a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura. The treatment, through the maintenance of proper serum levels of glucose (administration of solutions with glucose and steroids), followed by the surgical resection of the tumor, promoted the complete resolution of the hypoglycemia episodes. The early recognition of this condition and the proper treatment is essential for a good clinical outcome. It is important to underscore that the multidisciplinary evaluation (oncologists, radiologists, surgeons, and pathologists) of rare tumors is recommended to achieve better therapeutic results.
Cutaneous Acceptability And Hydratation of Topical Products In Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and Antineoplastic Treatment
Authors: Machado-Filho Carlos D'App Santos , Silva Odimila Kawahata Adriano , Lamas Silvia Regina
Published: May 2021

Background: New antineoplastic agents have increased the survival rate of cancer patients, however, the incidence of cutaneous skin toxicity, which leads to worsening in the quality of life and to the necessity of interrupting the treatment, continues presently. Natural agents, as Aloe vera and Calendula, have been suggested as potential ways of prevention and treatment for radiation dermatitis resulting from radiotherapy, providing better adhesion to the therapies and improving the wellbeing of the patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the cutaneous acceptability and hydrating effect of four topical test products in patients undergoing radiotherapy and antineoplastic treatment.

Methods: Both sex participants, undergoing oncological treatments, were included. Patients received a prescription to self-applied topical test products - A (Washcare), B (Moistcare), C (Extremecare) and D (Coolcare Mask) during 30 days. Products acceptability and skin hydration were evaluated considering the occurrence of skin adverse reaction, participants self-reported feelings of skin discomfort, dermatologist and instrumental skin hydration evaluation.

Results: Thirty-three participants initiated and completed the study. None of them had skin reactions or discomfort in the area of application, and no adverse events were reported. Twenty-five participants (75.8%) reported improvement in skin hydration after using the test products, while eight participants (24.2%) observed the maintenance of hydration (p<0,005).

Conclusion: The products evaluated showed improvement in skin condition in most patients, increased hydration and good skin acceptability in patients with skin toxicities caused by the cancer treatments.
Recommendations of the BSSO for patients with hepatobiliary cancers in the context of COVID-19 epidemic 2020
Authors: Vieira Victor Hugo Ribeiro , Diniz Alessandro Landskron , Oliveira Alexandre Ferreira , Ribeiro Heber Salvador de Castro , Bredt Luis Cesar , Fernandes Paulo Henrique de Sousa , Ribeiro Reitan , Correia Mauro Monteiro
Published: May 2021

Since the first report in Hubei, China, COVID-19 rapidly spread throughout the world and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as global Pandemic on March 11, 2020. The first confirmed case in Brazil was on February 26, 2020. These outbreaks pose a greater threat to patients with cancer in terms of morbidity and mortality as well as for the healthcare system professionals. The purpose of this editorial/letter is to provide specialist based recommendations for the treatment of hepatobiliary tumors during the pandemic period.
Treatment outcomes for adult patients with localized osteosarcoma treated with chemotherapy without methotrexate at a public hospital in Brazil
Authors: Minguete-e-Silva Marilia Polo , Bonadio Renata Rodrigues da Cunha Colombo , Matos Gustavo , Toloi Diego de Araújo , Munhoz Rodrigo Ramella , Nardo Mirella , Rebolledo Daniel , Correa Luiz Filipe Marques , Baptista Andre Mathias , Zampieri Caroline Chaul de Lima Barbosa , Feher Olavo , Camargo Veridiana Pires de
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Standard treatment for pediatric patients with localized osteosarcoma includes high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), and cure rates greater than 60% are observed. However, in adult patients, the toxicity profile limits the use of HDMTX and the drug is usually excluded from chemotherapy protocols for this group. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of adult patients with localized osteosarcoma treated with chemotherapy without methotrexate. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, we evaluated adult patients with high-grade osteosarcoma who received chemotherapy treatment without methotrexate in a reference cancer center from 2007 to 2018. Outcomes analyzed were recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors associated with overall survival. Results: A total of 48 patients had localized disease and received treatment with chemotherapy without methotrexate. The majority of them received chemotherapy with a combination of cisplatin and doxorubicin (n=42, 87.5%). Median age was 27 years (range 16.8-66.7). With a median follow-up of 29.2 months, median RFS was 29.9 months. Median OS was not reached. 5-year RFS and OS rates were 35.1% (95% CI: 20.3-50.2%) and 71.6% (95% CI: 52.3-84.2%), respectively. Patients who received cumulative doses of doxorubicin =375mg/m2 had better OS than those who received lower doses (HR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.94, p=0.041). Similarly, patients who received =6 cycles of neoadjuvant/adjuvant cisplatin tended to have better OS than those who received <6 cycles (HR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.081.09, p=0.069). Nineteen patients received less than 6 cycles of cisplatin and doxorubicin mainly because of grade 3 or 4 toxicities (11), disease progression (6), patient refusal (1), and physician choice (1). Conclusion: In our study, adult patients with localized highgrade osteosarcoma treated with chemotherapy without methotrexate had unfavorable outcomes. The cumulative doxorubicin dose and the number of cisplatin/doxorubicin cycles were associated with improved OS. The investigation of additional treatment strategies is of utmost importance to improve adult patients' outcomes.
Cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection: a multicenter retrospective cohort of nine Brazilian cancer centers
Authors: Monteiro Mariana Ribeiro , Almeida Kaique Ferreira Costa de , Abrahão Ana Beatriz Kinupe , Souza Camila Brambilla de , Carmo Rafael Luis Moura Lima do , Andrade Maria Clara Borges de , Freitas Tuane Borges do Livramento , Longo Cecilia Lameirinhas , Perdigão Maria Carolina Lopes , Ferreira Cynthia Lemos , Sousa Tercia Tarciane Soares de , Maiolino Angelo , Cruz Sueli Monterroso da , Piotto Gustavo Henrique Munhoz , Vieira Fernando Meton de Alencar Camara , Araujo Luiz Henrique
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The COVID-19 infection was declared pandemic in March 2020. Since then, multiple studies have attempted to correlate clinical factors with the risk of complications from COVID-19. However, cancer patients are underrepresented in clinical trials and the results vary between different cohorts. Our goal is to describe a cohort of cancer patients and COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study, based on a systematic review of medical records, including nine cancer centers, located in five different Brazilian cities. Patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 through RT-PCR between March 15th, 2020, and August 13th, 2020. Poisson regression models were then used to test for an association between clinical characteristics and severity of COVID-19 infections. Results: 102 patients had data collected for analysis, 85 (83.3%) of whom were hospitalized due to complications from COVID-19 infection. The median age was 65.8 years, most were female patients (61.8%) and white (73,5%). 78.4% had a performance status of 0-1, and the most common cancer subtypes were gastrointestinal (30.4%), breast (22.6%), and hematological (13.7%). Almost 40% of the population had stage IV disease. The mortality rate for all hospitalized patients was 36.5%, while that for those admitted to ICU was 68.4%. Key univariable risk factors for mortality included age (RR 1.03), ECOG = 2 (RR 1.83), hypertension (RR 1.72), lung metastasis (RR 1.67), and lymphocytes = 1000 admission (RR 2.40). At the multivariable analysis, the risk factors were also age (RR 1.02), primary lung cancer (RR 2.61), lung metastasis (RR 2.86), and coronary disease (RR 3.76). Conclusions: Despite the high mortality of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, cancer is a heterogeneous disease and some risk factors should be considered as the main responsible for the worst prognosis. Cancer patients should be carefully monitored in pandemic periods of infectious diseases and their management must be individualized.
Recensión: Larrauri, Helena. Criminología crítica y violencia de género :Trotta, 2018, 152 páginas, 2º edición
Authors: Cerón Hernández Valentina Andrea
Published: May 2021

Recensión que desarrolla en un momento que el Derecho penal se busca como una herramienta adecuada para problemáticas sociales.
Aplicación del artículo 68 del Código Penal en caso de semiimputabilidad y Multirreincidencia
Authors: Sánchez Dafauce Mario
Published: May 2021

Se aborda en este trabajo el análisis de las relaciones entre la determinación de la pena prevista por el artículo 68 del Código Penal y el límite máximo de internamiento de acuerdo con las prescripciones del artículo 104.1 del mismo texto legal. Se estudian asimismo las prioridades de subsunción entre los arts. 68 y 66.1.7.ª del Código Penal y se hace una referencia al error en los presupuestos de hecho de una causa de justificación en caso de exceso intensivo por error en la legítima defensa.This paper addresses the analysis of the relationships between the determination of the criminal penalty provided by article 68 of the Penal Code and the maximum limit of internment in accordance with the prescriptions of article 104.1 of the same legal text. Subsumption priorities are also studied between arts. 68 and 66.1.7th of the Penal Code and a brief reference is made to the error in the factual assumptions of a justification cause in case of intensive excess due to error in legitimate defense.
A pesquisa narrativa como possibilidade metodológica no âmbito da formação docente
Authors: Reisdoefer Deise Nivia , Do Rosário Lima Valderez Marina
Published: May 2021

O estudo tem como tema central a discussão sobre a pesquisa narrativa, abordagem metodológica adequada à produção de conhecimentos no âmbito da formação docente. O objetivo principal é apresentar em detalhes o delineamento da pesquisa narrativa, incluindo o modelo de coleta de dados e sua organização, seguido de interpretação e análise. Com fundamentos especialmente em Clandinin e Connelly (1995, 2015) e autores como Botía (2002), Josso (2004), Creswell (2014), Delory-Momberger (2014), Frison e Basso (2016) e Moraes (2018), o escrito apresenta os caminhos de construção de textos de campo e sua transposição para os textos de pesquisa. De caráter interpretativo, a elaboração dos textos de campo compreende o recolhimento de informações e entrevistas no espaço da pesquisa e sua interpretação. Os textos de pesquisa resultam da interpretação e análise dos textos de campo, aos quais são imbricadas a experiência do pesquisador e a teoria adequada à temática da pesquisa. Explicitam-se elementos de natureza teórico-metodológica que se constituem em balizadores para investigações narrativas tais como leitura, escrita, análise e interpretação. Esses elementos permitem um movimento em quatro direções: tanto para frente (prospectivamente), como para trás (retrospectivamente), e também para dentro (introspectivamente) e para fora (extrospectivamente). A teoria discutida e os exemplos apresentados abrem possibilidades para que novas formas de elaboração de textos de campo e de pesquisa sejam organizados em investigações desta natureza, especialmente na área educacional e formação docente.
A Concepção de Alfabetização e Letramento na Política Nacional de Alfabetização (PNA): entre tropeços e retrocessos
Authors: Eurácia Barreto de Andrade Maria , Estrela Sineide Cerqueira
Published: May 2021

O artigo em foco tenciona tecer considerações acerca da problemática do ensino aprendizagem inicial da leitura e da escrita frente às novas exigências sociais, o perfil dos sujeitos que se fazem necessários para atender às demandas postas pelo cotidiano e os posicionamentos legais contidos na atual Política Nacional de alfabetização (PNA), tendo como objetivo principal a realização de um estudo preliminar com bases teóricas e metodológicas para conhecer o projeto político de alfabetização normatizado pelo MEC, em abril de 2019, visando identificar a concepção de alfabetização presente e suas principais implicações sociais e políticas. O objetivo secundário deste artigo é ratificar as pesquisas dos vários autores brasileiros e estrangeiros, que há décadas vêm se debruçando sobre a problemática da alfabetização e as várias facetas implicadas, e que têm contribuído para auxiliar os professores no seu quefazer alfabetizador e político. Amparamo-nos, para defender nossos argumentos, nas diversas vozes, intencionalmente silenciadas no documento pautado, tais como: Soares (2004a), Freire (2000; 2005), Ferreiro e Teberosky (1985), Mortatti (2019), Frade (2019), Monteiro (2019), dentre outros. Na esteira desse desafio, a realização deste artigo ocorre por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Os resultados apontados indiciam que, longe de preparar os sujeitos para atender aos apelos sociais e políticos, a PNA apresenta uma concepção equivocada de alfabetização que, no máximo, presta-se a preparar analfabetos funcionais, deslocando o foco do aprender para o “ensinar”, por meio da ditadura do método único (fônico), integrante do método sintético, desmerecendo todo o conhecimento produzido no Brasil até então.
Século XXI e desigualdades nas condições de trabalho docente na educação superior
Authors: Vargas Hustana Maria , Zuccarelli Carolina , Honorato Gabriela De Souza
Published: May 2021

Fundamental para a expansão do sistema de educação superior, o processo de diversificação institucional tem gerado um interesse cada vez mais amplo dentro dos estudos sobre desigualdades. Nesse quadro, este artigo analisa as políticas educacionais desenvolvidas desde meados da década de 1990 e suas implicações para as condições de trabalho dos professores da educação superior. Foram usados os microdados do Censo da Educação Superior para dimensionar o crescimento do mercado para docência, as mudanças no perfil da qualificação e da contratação docente. Foi possível observar que, mesmo com o crescimento do número de profissionais e melhorias na qualificação, a precarização é uma realidade que estratifica os professores em torno, de um lado, de docentes centrais, mais qualificados e com garantia mais ampla de direitos trabalhistas e, de outro, de docentes periféricos, vinculados a instituições articuladas ao mercado e voltadas (quase exclusivamente) para a atividade de ensino. Tal disposição alerta para consequências de reformas administrativas com viés de mercado que intensificam o estrangulamento do orçamento público, impactam a educação superior e, particularmente, as condições de trabalho docente.
Ação educativa e prática social: possibilidades didáticas em museus de ciências
Authors: Almeida Lima Jully Anne , Da Rocha Bernardo José Roberto
Published: May 2021

Por muito tempo os museus de ciências se dedicaram apenas ao acúmulo de objetos, servindo a um público restrito e oferecendo atividades absolutamente desvinculadas de funções e compromissos sociais. A partir da segunda metade da década de 1960, preocupações com a função social dos museus ganharam força e motivações que levaram às transformações no universo dos museus, impulsionando essas instituições no sentido de novas práticas engajadas socialmente. O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir a articulação entre a ciência e o meio social em que o Museu da Vida – Fiocruz se insere, e faz parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado mais ampla, finalizada em 2019, que contou com a colaboração de participantes da ação educativa Pró-Cultural. Apesquisa, de viés qualitativo, fundamentou-se principalmente na pedagogia crítica e sociocultural de Paulo Freire, que prioriza uma educação dialógica e democrática, na perspectiva da valorização de saberes e vivências dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo educativo. Os resultados mostraram que as ações educativas, para além da contribuição na aproximação entre pessoas na relação museu-público, possuem potencial para elucidar os não cientistas em relação às questões de caráter científico, ao mesmo tempo em que favorecem reflexões sobre suas experiências socioculturais. No caso específico desta pesquisa, destacam-se as valorosas reflexões acerca de direitos, empatia, autoestima, pertencimento, identidade, resistência e política.
Educação para as relações étnico-raciais: o projeto Museu de História e Cultura Afro na escola
Authors: Castro Vanessa Gomes de , Tavares Thiago Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o projeto “Museu de História e Cultura Afro”, visando refletir sobre as suas possibilidades didáticas no que tange à educação para as relações étnico-raciais. O projeto consistiu na simulação de uma exposição museológica, sendo desenvolvido em uma escola pública da Rede Estadual de Minas Gerais, reunindo objetos e imagens que fazem parte da história e da cultura da população negra. O projeto contou com a participação de professores, estudantes do 5º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental e comunidade escolar, que emprestaram os objetos expostos. Diante disso, buscou-se refletir sobre como a simulação de uma exposição museológica na escola pode contribuir didaticamente para o ensino da história e cultura afro. Assim, argumenta-se sobre o potencial educativo dos museus, os quais se configuram como espaços de memórias, conflitos e silenciamentos; as possibilidades dos museus concernentes à educação para as relações étnico-raciais; a simulação de exposições museológicas na escola e suas possibilidades didáticas. Conclui-se que metodologias ativas, criativas e participativas, como a simulação de museus juntos aos alunos da educação básica, mostram-se promissoras nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, envolvendo motivação, colaboração, seleção, interpretação, comparação, organização e prática, ou seja, capacidades múltiplas, indispensáveis na formação de qualidade dos educandos.
No entrecruzar da História, Patrimônio e Educação Étnico- Racial — Uma experiência decolonial possível na Educação de São José
Authors: Da Silva Janaina Amorim , De Pontes Mylene Silva , Paim Elison Antonio
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo relata e teoriza uma experiência de ensino desenvolvida por duas professoras de História no ensino fundamental da rede municipal de ensino em São José, na Grande Florianópolis, Estado de Santa Catarina. Consistiu em um projeto pedagógico desenvolvido no entrecruzar dos campos da História, do Patrimônio e da Educação Étnico-Racial. O objetivo foi visibilizar a presença da população afro-brasileira e africana no município. Metodologicamente, realizamos estudo e problematização dos patrimônios oficiais, das memórias de sujeitos negros evidenciando as colonialidades e silenciamentos sobre eles na História do município. Percebemos as relações de poder e colonialidade nas políticas públicas de preservação de memórias e patrimônios. A experiência evidenciou que o ensino de outras Histórias é possível ao propormos metodologias e temáticas curriculares capazes de transgredir com as colonialidades dos conteúdos históricos pré-definidos na proposta curricular municipal. Destacamos o envolvimento dos estudantes com as atividades, um misto de encantamento e surpresa por não conhecerem os espaços, as gentes e os patrimônios da cidade que habitam.
Deep-learning-assisted micro impurity detection on an optical surface
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhang Yun-Bo , Chen Li ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Physics Department,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: May 2021

Laser technology plays fundamental roles in the modern optical experiments and applications. The performance of optical devices will be significantly affected by micro impurities and defects on the optical surfaces. Therefore, precisely positioning the optical impurities and defects is an important issue in optics. In this paper, we theoretically propose to adopt the deep learning neural networks in addressing this problem. Specifically, we generate the training data via simulating the dynamic process in which a probe optical pulse being scattered by a micro-impurity on an optical surface, and then the position information of the impurity carried by the reflection and the transmission signal can be efficiently learned by a deep convolutional neural network. One step further, we show that the deep neural network can make precise predictions on the generalization datasets generated through varying the size, refractive index, and geometry of the impurity, respectively. Additionally, we also compared the learning capability of two different networks architectures. This work provides new perspective for the impurity and defect detections in the field of precision optics.
Inbreeding in a dioecious plant has sex- and population origin-specific effects on its interactions with pollinators
Authors: Schrieber Karin , Paul Sarah Catherine , Höche Levke Valena , Salas Andrea Cecilia , Didszun Rabi , Mößnang Jakob , Müller Caroline , Erfmeier Alexandra , Eilers Elisabeth Johanna
Published: May 2021

We study the effects of inbreeding in a dioecious plant on its interaction with pollinating insects and test whether the magnitude of such effects is shaped by plant individual sex and the evolutionary histories of plant populations. We recorded spatial, scent, colour, and rewarding flower traits as well as pollinator visitation rates in experimentally inbred and outbred, male and female Silene latifolia plants from European and North American populations differing in their evolutionary histories. We found that inbreeding specifically impairs spatial flower traits and floral scent. Our results support that sex-specific selection and gene expression may have partially magnified these inbreeding costs for females, and that divergent evolutionary histories altered the genetic architecture underlying inbreeding effects across population origins. Moreover, the results indicate that inbreeding effects on floral scent may have a huge potential to disrupt interactions among plants and nocturnal moth pollinators, which are mediated by elaborate chemical communication.
Danger zone
Authors: Butt Zohra , Prior Ian
Published: May 2021

What level of Ras genes activity leads to the development of cancer?
A novel multi-class imbalanced EEG signals classification based on the adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) approach
Authors: Alhudhaif Adi
Published: May 2021

Background

Brain signals (EEG—Electroencephalography) are a gold standard frequently used in epilepsy prediction. It is crucial to predict epilepsy, which is common in the community. Early diagnosis is essential to reduce the treatment process of the disease and to keep the process healthier.

Methods

In this study, a five-classes dataset was used: EEG signals from different individuals, healthy EEG signals from tumor document, EEG signal with epilepsy, EEG signal with eyes closed, and EEG signal with eyes open. Four different methods have been proposed to classify five classes of EEG signals. In the first approach, the EEG signal was first divided into four different bands (beta, alpha, theta, and delta), and then 25 time-domain features were extracted from each band, and the main EEG signal and these extracted features were combined to obtain 125-time domain features (feature extraction). Using the Random Forests classifier, EEG activities were classified into five classes. In the second approach, each One-Against-One (OVO) approach with 125 attributes was split into ten parts, pairwise, and then each piece was classified with the Random Forests classifier. The majority voting scheme was used to combine decisions from the ten classifiers. In the third proposed method, each One-Against-All (OVA) approach with 125 attributes was divided into five parts, and then each piece was classified with the Random Forests classifier. The majority voting scheme was used to combine decisions from the five classifiers. In the fourth proposed approach, each One-Against-All (OVA) approach with 125 attributes was divided into five parts. Since each piece obtained had an imbalanced data distribution, an adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) sampling approach was used to stabilize each piece. Then, each balanced piece was classified with the Random Forests classifier. To combine the decisions obtanied from each classifier, the majority voting scheme has been used.

Results

The first approach achieved 71.90% classification success in classifying five-class EEG signals. The second approach achieved a classification success of 91.08% in classifying five-class EEG signals. The third method achieved 89% success, while the fourth proposed approach achieved 91.72% success. The results obtained show that the proposed fourth approach (the combination of the ADASYN sampling approach and Random Forest Classifier) achieved the best success in classifying five class EEG signals. This proposed method could be used in the detection of epilepsy events in the EEG signals.
The relationship between PLOD1 expression level and glioma prognosis investigated using public databases
Authors: Tian Lei , Zhou Huandi , Wang Guohui , Wang Wen yan , Li Yuehong , Xue Xiaoying
Published: May 2021

Background

Glioma is the most common type of intracranial tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis despite the use of various aggressive treatments. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are not effective and new biomarkers need to be explored. Some Procollagen-lysine 2-oxyglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) family members have been found to be involved in the metastasis and progression of tumors. Both PLOD2 and PLOD3 had been reported to be highly expressed in gliomas, while the prognostic value of PLOD1 remains to be further illustrated, so we want to investigate the PLOD1 expression in glioma and its clinical implication.

Methods

We collected gene expression and corresponding clinical data of glioma from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, we analyzed the expression and mutation of PLOD1 in gliomas and its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics. Then, we conducted survival analysis, prognostic analysis and nomogram construction of the PLOD1 gene. Finally, we conducted gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore possible mechanisms and gene co-expression analysis was also be performed.

Results

The results showed that the expression level of PLOD1 was higher in gliomas than normal tissues, and high expression of PLOD1 was related to poor survival which can serve as an oncogenic factor and an independent prognostic indicator for glioma patients. Both the GO and GSEA analysis showed high expression of PLOD1 were enriched in Extracellular matrix (ECM) related pathways, the co-expression analysis revealed that PLOD1 was positively related to HSPG2, COL6A2, COL4A2, FN1, COL1A1, COL4A1, CD44, COL3A1, COL1A2 and SPP1, and high expression of these genes were also correlated to poor prognosis of glioma.

Conclusions

The results showed that high expression of PLOD1 leads to poor prognosis, and PLOD1 is an independent prognostic factor and a novel biomarker for the treatment of glioma. Furthermore, targeting PLOD1 is most likely a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma patients.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Nonalcoholic Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hariharan Lakshmi Ravansamudram , Maniyan Jayanty Venakata Balasubra
Published: May 2021

Introduction: A refined diagnostic and classification strategy incorporating phenotypic characteristics of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) along with their blood glucose profile, lipid levels and evidence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) will help in identifying high risk population. Aim: To determine the prevalence and assess the clinical characteristics of NAFLD in T2DM patients from August 2016 to February 2017. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 100 T2DM patients with no history of alcohol intake, at the time of their screening. Physical examination and anthropometric measurements such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) were calculated. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Post-Prandial Blood Glucose (PPBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum bilirubin, liver enzymes, lipid profile and ultrasound of the abdomen to diagnose NAFLD were done. Statistical analysis was carried out using student’s t-test and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 19. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in T2DM patients was 52%. The mean age was 52.27±1.82 years, with 40% males in the study cohort. There was a significant statistical correlation between the higher BMI (p<0.001), higher WHR (p=0.046), prevalence of upper body obesity (p<0.001) and the presence of NAFLD. The glycaemic control was poorer in patients with NAFLD with higher FBG (p=0.0027), PPBG (p=0.0027) and HbA1c p<0.001) than the non-NAFLD group. The serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) were significantly higher in the NAFLD group. Duration of diabetes was not significantly different among the groups. Conclusion: The incidence of NAFLD is common in T2DM patients with poor glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia, and obesity being associated factors. Duration of diabetes is not a significant predictor of NAFLD.