bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Presentation of Incident Gout and the Risk of Subsequent Flares: A Population-based Study over 20 Years
Authors: Elfishawi Mohanad M. , Zleik Nour , Kvrgic Zoran , Michet Clement J. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Bongartz Tim
Published: July 2019

Objective.

To examine whether a change in the presentation of incident gout happened over the last 20 years and to determine the risk of subsequent gout flares after an initial gout attack.

Methods.

All incident cases of gout were identified among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed in 1989–1992 and 2009–2010 according to the earliest date fulfilling the 1977 American Rheumatism Association preliminary criteria, or the New York or Rome criteria for gout. Patients in both cohorts were then followed for up to 5 years. Cumulative incidence and person-year methods were used to compare flare rates, and conditional frailty models were used to examine predictors.

Results.

A total of 429 patients with incident gout (158 patients in 1989–1992 and 271 patients in 2009–2010) were identified and followed for a mean of 4.2 years. The majority of patients were male (73%) and the mean age (SD) at gout onset was 59.7 (17.3) years. Classic podagra decreased significantly from 74% to 59% (p < 0.001). Cumulative incidence of first flare was similar in both cohorts (62% vs 60% by 5 yrs in 1989–1992 and 2009–2010, respectively; p = 0.70), but overall flare rate was marginally higher in 2009–2010 compared to 1989–1992 (rate ratio: 1.24). Hyperuricemia (HR 1.59) and kidney disease (HR 1.34) were significant predictors of future flares.

Conclusion.

Gout flares were common in both time periods. Hyperuricemia and kidney disease were predictors of future flares in patients with gout. Podagra as a presentation of gout has become relatively less frequent in recent years.
Anesthesia and Postoperative Analgesia: Outcomes Following Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Chelly Jacques E , Ben-David Bruce , Williams Brian A , Kentor Michael L
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The demand for increased efficiency and decreased hospital stay has magnified the role of anesthesia and acute postoperative pain management in orthopedics. Orthopedic anesthesia and acute postoperative pain management, which are subspecialties of anesthesiology, are increasingly recognized for their positive effect on the length of hospital stay, functional recovery, and patient satisfaction. Recently, there has been a resurgence in the use of continuous nerve block techniques for postoperative pain management. These techniques have been shown to be effective and safe in controlling postoperative pain, both at rest and during physical therapy, even in anticoagulated patients. The use of peripheral nerve blocks for anesthesia has been associated with earlier discharge when compared with general anesthesia and neuraxial blocks in patients undergoing ambulatory orthopedic surgery. Regional techniques are usually part of a multimodal strategy that includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to pain management.
A Trackable Augmented Learning Media System for a Higher Education Level
Authors: Chanjaradwichai Supadaech , Na-Songkhla Jaitip , Chiasiriphan Thanyaporn
Published: July 2019

Learning material is a factor that affects to a performance of a teaching and learning with learning management system, so this research presents a trackable augmented learning media system that contains with trackable learning material and a cloud based learning management system (LMS). The trackable learning material is combined with a printed book and a mobile application. An application augments a virtual reality to a printed book, keeps student learning log and sends to the LMS. The proposed LMS contains only required function to work with trackable learning material which are a teacher registration, a classroom management and a reports generation. Teacher need to operate with LMS manually. Reports of the LMS are automatically generated by collected students’ learning log. Reports show a performance and behavior of a students and teachers can use that information to adjust a pedagogy to be consistent with their students.
Effect of Computer Multimedia Assisted Word Annotation on Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition of English Reading
Authors: Han Mengqing , Niu Shanshan
Published: July 2019

This paper aims at researching the effect of computer multimedia assisted word annotation on incidental vocabulary acquisition of English reading of Chinese students. An empirical research experiment is designed based on the ideas of word annotation, incidental vocabulary acquisition, multimedia annotation, and so on. Through analyzing, three main problems are put forward in this paper. In the empirical experiment, two variables of different annotation modes and subjects’ English levels are designed and immediate test and delayed test are adopted. By selecting suitable test subjects, test materials and test tool, an empirical research has been conducted and the corresponding conclusions have been drawn. The re-search takes the effect of individual English level differences on incidental vocabulary acquisition of English reading and the experimental result play a positive role in the selection of suitable computer assisted annotation modes for students of different English levels.
Design and Implementation of a Vue.js-Based College Teaching System
Authors: Song Junhui , Zhang Min , Xie Hua
Published: July 2019

The proliferation of Internet information technology has fundamentally changed the way of learning. It is now a research hotspot to improve teaching effect in col-leges with Internet information technology. Starting from the actual needs of col-lege teaching, this paper designs a college teaching system based on various In-ternet information technologies. Specifically, the front end was developed under the lightweight progressive Vue.js framework, which relies on the model–view–view model (MVVM); the overall structure of the system was set up based on the browser-server (B/S) architecture; the system functions were realized through HTML5, Node.js and database technology; the compatibility between mobile terminal and desktop was realized under Bootstrap. The system test shows that the Vue.js-based college teaching system operated stably, achieved the design goals and satisfied user demand. The research findings shed important new light on modernization and quality of college teaching.
Physical Education Motion Correction System Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Yang Yongzhong , Meng Lingfeng
Published: July 2019

Compared with traditional physical education (PE), the computer virtual digital-based education system is convenient and efficient, which can effectively solve the shortcomings of traditional teaching mode, and correct the PE motions in real time. Thus, the athletes can master the motion technical skills as soon as possible and the training effect can be improved. For this, based on computer virtual reality technology, this paper constructs a PE motion correction system. Then, through the analysis for real-time motion data and human movement posture, it achieves the training objective of real-time PE teaching motion correction under the three-dimensional visualization. This shall provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of PE teaching and training methods.
Development of an Information-Based Online Foreign Language Teaching Platform with ASP.NET
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: July 2019

The online teaching platform is a major application of information-based educa-tion. If adopted for foreign language teaching, the platform can greatly facilitate the utilization of network resources and enhance the students’ abilities in listen-ing, speaking, reading and writing. This paper develops an information-based online foreign language teaching platform with the aid of ASP.NET. The SQL was selected as the backend database and accessed via ADO.NET. Taking the browser/server (B/S) structure was adopted as the network architecture, the plat-form was programmed in C# and realized using Microsoft Visual Studio (VS) 2005. Through testing, the proposed platform was proved to achieve all expected functions and satisfy the demand of college English teaching in a safe and stable manner. The research findings promote the quality and informatization of English teaching.
A comparative study on combinations of forecasts and their individual forecasts by means of simulated series
Authors: Mancuso Aline Castello Branco , Werner Liane
Published: July 2019

Over the years, several studies that compare individual forecasts with the combination of forecasts were published. There is, however, no unanimity in the conclusions. Furthermore, methods of combination by regression are poorly explored. This paper presents a comparative study of three methods of combination and their individual forecasts. Based on simulated data, it is evaluated the accuracy of Artificial Neural Networks, ARIMA and exponential smoothing models; calculating the combined forecasts through simple average, minimum variance and regression methods. Four accuracy measurements, MAE, MAPE, RMSE and Theil’s U, were used for choosing the most accurate method. The main contribution is the accuracy of the combination by regression methods.
Noncanonical Role of FBXO6 in Regulating Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Du Xiaohong , Meng Fang , Peng Di , Wang Zining , Ouyang Wei , Han Yu , Gu Yayun , Fan Lingbo , Wu Fei , Jiang Xiaodong , Xu Feng , Qin F. Xiao-Feng
Published: July 2019

The evolutionarily conserved F-box family of proteins are well known for their role as the key component of SKP1–Cullin1–F-box (SCF) E3 ligase in controlling cell cycle, cell proliferation and cell death, carcinogenesis, and cancer metastasis. However, thus far, there is only limited investigation on their involvement in antiviral immunity. In contrast to the canonical function of FBXO6 associated with SCF E3 ligase complex, we report, in this study, that FBXO6 can also potently regulate the activation of IFN-I signaling during host response to viral infection by targeting the key transcription factor IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) for accelerated degradation independent of SCF in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) and human lung cancer epithelial cells (A549). Structure and function delineation has further revealed that FBXO6 interacts with IAD domain of IRF3 through its FBA region to induce ubiquitination and degradation of IRF3 without the involvement of SCF. Thus, our studies have identified a general but, to our knowledge, previously unrecognized role and a novel noncanonical mechanism of FBXO6 in modulating IFN-I–mediated antiviral immune responses, which may protect the host from immunopathology of overreactive and harmful IFN-I production.
Primary EBV Infection Induces an Acute Wave of Activated Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Meckiff Benjamin J. , Ladell Kristin , McLaren James E. , Ryan Gordon B. , Leese Alison M. , James Eddie A. , Price David A. , Long Heather M.
Published: July 2019

CD4+ T cells are essential for immune protection against viruses, yet their multiple roles remain ill-defined at the single-cell level in humans. Using HLA class II tetramers, we studied the functional properties and clonotypic architecture of EBV-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with infectious mononucleosis, a symptomatic manifestation of primary EBV infection, and in long-term healthy carriers of EBV. We found that primary infection elicited oligoclonal expansions of TH1-like EBV-specific CD4+ T cells armed with cytotoxic proteins that responded immediately ex vivo to challenge with EBV-infected B cells. Importantly, these acutely generated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were highly activated and transcriptionally distinct from classically described cytotoxic CD4+ memory T cells that accumulate during other persistent viral infections, including CMV and HIV. In contrast, EBV-specific memory CD4+ T cells displayed increased cytokine polyfunctionality but lacked cytotoxic activity. These findings suggested an important effector role for acutely generated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells that could potentially be harnessed to improve the efficacy of vaccines against EBV.
Control of Tissue-Resident Invariant NKT Cells by Vitamin A Metabolites and P2X7-Mediated Cell Death
Authors: Liu Qingyang , Kim Chang H.
Published: July 2019

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells provide rapid innate T cell responses to glycolipid Ags from host cells and microbes. The numbers of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are tightly controlled in mucosal tissues, but the mechanisms have been largely unclear. We found that vitamin A is a dominant factor that controls the population size of mucosal iNKT cells in mice. This negative regulation is mediated by the induction of the purinergic receptor P2X7 on iNKT cells. The expression of P2X7 is particularly high on intestinal iNKT cells, making iNKT cells highly susceptible to P2X7-mediated cell death. In vitamin A deficiency, iNKT cells fail to express P2X7 and are, therefore, resistant to P2X7-mediated cell death, leading to iNKT cell overpopulation. This phenomenon is most prominent in the intestine. We found that iNKT cells are divided into CD69+ sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1)− tissue resident and CD69− S1P1+ nonresident iNKT cells. The CD69+ S1P1− tissue-resident iNKT cells highly express P2X7 and are effectively controlled by the P2X7 pathway. The regulation of iNKT cells by vitamin A by the P2X7 pathway is important to prevent aberrant expansion of effector cytokine-producing iNKT cells. Our findings identify a novel role of vitamin A in regulating iNKT cell homeostasis in many tissues throughout the body.
Analysis of a Viscous Two-Field Gradient Damage Model I: Existence and Uniqueness
Authors: Meyer Christian , Susu Livia Mihaela
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with a viscous damage model including two damage variables, a local and a non-local one, which are coupled through a penalty term in the free energy functional. Under certain regularity conditions for linear elasticity equations, existence and uniqueness of the solution is proven, provided that the penalization parameter is chosen sufficiently large. Moreover, the regularity of the unique solution is investigated, in particular the differentiability w.r.t. time.
Some Remarks on Multiplier Spaces II: BV-Type Spaces
Authors: Bugajewska Daria , Reinwand Simon
Published: July 2019

The aim of this note, which is a continuation of the article [Z. Anal. Anwend. 38 (2019), 125–142], is to characterize the multiplier classes

X/Y

of functions

g

such that

fg

belongs to

X

whenever

f

belongs to

Y

for certain given classes

X

and

Y

of real valued functions on [0, 1] of bounded variation. This paper is the second of two connected papers and deals with classes

X

and

Y

of functions of bounded variation in the sense of Young, Wiener, Waterman and Riesz, to which we also compare the classical spaces from the first part [Z. Anal. Anwend. 38 (2019), 125–142]. Moreover, we give some multiplier classes concerning related spaces like Lipschitz and absolutely continuous functions.
Existence of Fixed Points in a Class of Convex Sets
Authors: Betiuk Anna , Domínguez Benavides Tomás , Japón Maria A.
Published: July 2019

There are many well-known results about existence of fixed points for nonexpansive mappings defined on convex sets of Banach spaces which are

\tau

-compact, where

\tau

is usually a topology coarser than the norm topology. In this paper, we prove that it is possible to remove the

\tau

-compactness assumption and still obtain some fixed point results in a large framework. As particular cases, we can consider certain families of non-

w^*

-compact subsets in

\ell_1

, the James space

J_p

, the trace space

\mathcal{C}_1(\ell_2)

and some other dual nonreflexive Banach spaces and we prove that „local" stability results for nonexpansive mappings can be achieved. In order to reach our purposes, we will make use of two new geometric coefficients

a_\tau(X)

and

t_\tau(C)

. Since the problem of the existence of fixed points for a nonexpansive mapping can equivalently be redefined assuming that the mapping is asymptotically regular, we will first focus on asymptotically regular mappings which satisfy a rather weak Lipschitz condition according to the value of the fraction

\frac{a_\tau(X)}{t_\tau(C)}

. Furthermore, we will show some examples proving that our results are sharp and can be used to obtain „global" stability results for the fixed point property.
Identification of the association between FABP4 gene polymorphisms and milk production traits in Sfakia sheep
Authors: Ibrahim Adel H. M. , Tzanidakis Nikolaos , Sotiraki Smaragda , Zhou Huitong , Hickford Jonathan G. H.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of variation in the fatty acid binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) on milk production traits in Greek Sfakia sheep. Polymerase chain reaction – single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to genotype a total of 374 Sfakia ewes for two regions of FABP4 located around exon 2–intron 2 (Region 1) and exon 3–intron 3 (Region 2). Each month, for a period of 6 months, milk samples were collected from the ewes to measure total milk yield, fat content, protein content, lactose content, non-fat solid content, pH, and somatic cell count (SCC). A general linear model was used to test the association between the variation observed in FABP4 and milk production traits. Four gene variants (A1–A4) were found in Region 1 and two variants (C1–C2) were found in Region 2. In the first region, the FABP4 genotype significantly affected (P<0.05) non-fat solid levels, fat content, and SCC. The presence of the A2 variant was significantly associated (P<0.05) with decreased SCC, while the presence of A4 was significantly associated with decreased milk yield (P<0.01), increased non-fat solid content (P<0.05), decreased fat content (P<0.01), increased lactose content (P<0.05), and increased pH (P<0.05). In the second region, FABP4 genotype had an effect (P<0.05) on protein content and the presence of the C2 variant was associated (P<0.05) with increased protein content, decreased SCC, and lower pH. The results suggest an association between variation in ovine FABP4 and milk production traits in Greek Sfakia sheep. Nevertheless, further analyses in independent sheep populations of increased size will strengthen these findings.
Observation of nitrate dominant PM2.5 and particle pH elevation in urban Beijing during the winter of 2017
Authors: Xie Yuning , Wang Gehui , Wang Xinpei , Chen Jianmin , Chen Yubao , Tang Guiqian , Wang Lili , Ge Shuangshuang , Xue Guoyan , Wang Yuesi , Gao Jian
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Particle acidity is crucial to understand secondary formation processes in pollution events because of its substantial impacts on the physiochemical properties of PM2.5. Recently, particle pH predicted by thermodynamic modeling were used to elucidate the sulfate formation mechanism in China, but the results were biased and controversial. In this article, particle pH was found to be increase as a result of effective sulfur emission control. Benefit from strict pollution control actions, average PM2.5 concentration reduced to a low level (39.7 μg/m3) in urban Beijing during winter of 2017. Compare to history record (2014–2017), SO2 gradually decreased to a low level (3.2 ppbv in 2017 winter) while NO2 kept increasing (21.4 ppbv in 2017 winter). As a response, nitrate's contribution (23.0 μg/m3) to PM2.5 become dominant over sulfate (13.1 μg/m3) during the PM2.5 pollution. The nitrate to sulfate molar ratio significantly increased from 1 to 2.7 (value of 1999 and 2017). As particulate nitrate fraction significantly elevated, particle pH was also found to increase in winter Beijing given sufficient ammonia (average concentration 7.1 μg/m3, 12.9 μg/m3 during pollution). During PM2.5 pollution episodes, the particle pH predicted increased from 4.4 (moderate acidic) to 5.4 (near neutral) as nitrate to sulfate molar ratio increased from 1 to 5. It is found that the major H+ contributor S(VI) was mostly in the form of sulfate, showing anions were more neutralized as nitrate content enriched. In the final part, future prediction of particle acidity change was discussed via sensitivity tests: On one hand, nitrate rich particles would absorb more water compared to the sulfate rich particles. This absorption contrast doubles with low to moderate RH (20 % ~ 50 %). On the other hand, increased level of nitrate and ammonia would have synergetic effects leading to rapid elevation of particle pH to merely neutral (above 5.6). As moderate haze might occur more frequently with high ammonia and particulate nitrate concentration, the major chemical processes during haze events and the control target shall be re-evaluated to obtain the most effective control strategy.
Constraining global aerosol emissions using POLDER/PARASOL
satellite remote sensing observations
Authors: Chen Cheng , Dubovik Oleg , Henze Daven K. , Chin Mian , Lapyonok Tatyana , Schuster Gregory L. , Ducos Fabrice , Fuertes David , Litvinov Pavel , Li Lei , Lopatin Anton , Hu Qiaoyun , Torres Benjamin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We invert global black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and desert dust (DD) aerosol emissions from POLDER/PARASOL spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) using the GEOS-Chem inverse modelling framework. Our inverse modeling framework uses standard a priori emissions to provide a posteriori emissions that are constrained by POLDER/PARASOL AODs and AAODs. The following global emission values were retrieved for the three aerosol components: 18.4 Tg/yr for BC, 109.9 Tg/yr for OC, and 731.6 Tg/yr for DD for the year 2010. These values show a difference of +166.7 %, +184.0 %, and -42.4 % with respect to the a priori values of emission inventories used in standard GEOS-Chem runs. The model simulations using a posteriori emissions (i.e. retrieved emissions) provide values of 0.119 for global mean AOD and 0.0071 for AAOD at 550 nm, which are +13.3 % and +82.1 % higher than the AOD and AAOD obtained using the a priori values of emissions. Additionally, the a posteriori model simulation of AOD, AAOD, single scattering albedo, Ångström exponent, and absorption Ångström exponent show better agreement with independent AERONET, MODIS, and OMI measurements than the a priori simulation. Thus, this study suggests that using satellite-constrained global aerosol emissions in aerosol transport models can improve the accuracy of simulated global aerosol properties.
An adaptation of the CO2 slicing technique for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer to obtain the height of tropospheric volcanic ash clouds
Authors: Taylor Isabelle A. , Carboni Elisa , Ventress Lucy J. , Mather Tamsin A. , Grainger Roy G.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Ash clouds are a geographically far-reaching hazard associated with volcanic eruptions. To minimise the risk that these pose to aircraft and to limit disruption to the aviation industry, it is important to closely monitor the emission and atmospheric dispersion of these plumes. The altitude of the plume is an important consideration and is an essential input into many models of ash cloud propagation. CO2 slicing is an established technique for obtaining the top height of aqueous clouds, and previous studies have demonstrated that there is potential for this method to be used for volcanic ash. In this study, the CO2 slicing technique has been adapted for volcanic ash and applied to spectra obtained from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). Simulated ash spectra are first used to select the most appropriate channels and then demonstrate that the technique has merit for determining the altitude of the ash. These results indicate a strong match between the true heights and CO2 slicing output with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 800 m. Following this, the technique was applied to spectra obtained with IASI during the Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn eruptions in 2010 and 2011 respectively, both of which emitted ash clouds into the troposphere, and which have been extensively studied with satellite imagery. The CO2 slicing results were compared against those from an optimal estimation scheme, also developed for IASI, and a satellite-borne lidar is used for validation. The CO2 slicing heights returned an RMSE value of 2.2 km when compared against the lidar. This is lower than the RMSE for the optimal estimation scheme (2.8 km). The CO2 slicing technique is a relatively fast tool and the results suggest that this method could be used to get a first approximation of the ash cloud height, potentially for use for hazard mitigation, or as an input for other retrieval techniques or models of ash cloud propagation.
Dust observations with antenna measurements and its prospects for observations with Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter
Authors: Mann Ingrid , Nouzák Libor , Vaverka Jakub , Antonsen Tarjei , Fredriksen Åshild , Issautier Karine , Malaspina David , Meyer-Vernet Nicole , Pavlů Jiří , Sternovsky Zoltan , Stude Joan , Ye Shengyi , Zaslavsky Arnaud
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The electric and magnetic field instrument suite FIELDS on board the NASA Parker Solar Probe and the radio and plasma waves instrument RPWS on the ESA Solar Orbiter mission that explore the inner heliosphere are sensitive to signals generated by dust impacts. Dust impacts were observed using electric field antennas on spacecraft since the 1980s and the method was recently used with a number of space missions to derive dust fluxes. Here, we consider the details of dust impacts, subsequent development of the impact generated plasma and how it produces the measured signals. We describe empirical approaches to characterise the signals and compare to a qualitative discussion of laboratory simulations to predict signal shapes for spacecraft measurements in the inner solar system. While the amount of charge production from a dust impact will be higher near the sun than observed in the interplanetary medium before, the amplitude of pulses will be lower because of the different recovery behaviour that varies with the plasma environment. The photocurrent, that is expected to be higher near the Sun, is found to have moderate influence on the spacecraft potential.
Leveraging the signature of heterotrophic respiration on atmospheric CO2 for model benchmarking
Authors: Basile Samantha J. , Lin Xin , Wieder William R. , Hartman Melannie D. , Keppel-Aleks Gretchen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reflect large-scale net carbon exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. Soil heterotrophic respiration (HR) is one of the component fluxes that drive this net exchange but, given observational limitations, it is difficult to quantify this flux or to evaluate global-scale model simulations thereof. Here, we show that atmospheric CO2 can provide a useful constraint on large-scale patterns of soil heterotrophic respiration. We analyze three soil model configurations (CASA-CNP, MIMICS and CORPSE) that simulate HR fluxes within a biogeochemical testbed that provides each model with identical net primary productivity (NPP) and climate forcings. We subsequently quantify the effects of variation in simulated terrestrial carbon fluxes (NPP and HR from the three soil testbed models) on atmospheric CO2 distributions using a three-dimensional atmospheric tracer transport model. Our results show that atmospheric CO2 observations can be used to identify deficiencies in model simulations of the seasonal cycle and interannual variability in HR relative to NPP. In particular, the two models that explicitly simulated microbial processes (MIMICS and CORPSE) were more variable than observations at interannual timescales and showed a stronger than observed temperature sensitivity. Our results prompt future research directions to use atmospheric CO2, in combination with additional constraints on terrestrial productivity or soil carbon stocks, for evaluating HR fluxes.
A simplified parameterization of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) for global chemistry and climate models: a case study with GEOS-Chem v11-02-rc
Authors: Jo Duseong S. , Hodzic Alma , Emmons Louisa K. , Marais Eloise A. , Peng Zhe , Nault Benjamin A. , Hu Weiwei , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol derived from isoprene
epoxydiols (IEPOX-SOA) is thought to contribute the dominant fraction of
total isoprene SOA, but the current volatility-based lumped SOA
parameterizations are not appropriate to represent the reactive uptake of
IEPOX onto acidified aerosols. A full explicit modeling of this chemistry
is however computationally expensive owing to the many species and reactions
tracked, which makes it difficult to include it in chemistry–climate models
for long-term studies. Here we present three simplified parameterizations
(version 1.0) for IEPOX-SOA simulation, based on an approximate
analytical/fitting solution of the IEPOX-SOA yield and formation timescale.
The yield and timescale can then be directly calculated using the global
model fields of oxidants, NO, aerosol pH and other key properties, and dry
deposition rates. The advantage of the proposed parameterizations is that
they do not require the simulation of the intermediates while retaining the
key physicochemical dependencies. We have implemented the new
parameterizations into the GEOS-Chem v11-02-rc chemical transport model,
which has two empirical treatments for isoprene SOA (the volatility-basis-set, VBS, approach and a fixed 3 % yield parameterization), and compared
all of them to the case with detailed fully explicit chemistry. The best
parameterization (PAR3) captures the global tropospheric burden of IEPOX-SOA
and its spatiotemporal distribution (R2=0.94) vs. those
simulated by the full chemistry, while being more computationally efficient
(∼5 times faster), and accurately captures the response to
changes in NOx and SO2 emissions. On the other hand, the constant
3 % yield that is now the default in GEOS-Chem deviates strongly (R2=0.66), as does the VBS (R2=0.47, 49 % underestimation), with
neither parameterization capturing the response to emission changes. With
the advent of new mass spectrometry instrumentation, many detailed SOA
mechanisms are being developed, which will challenge global and especially
climate models with their computational cost. The methods developed in this
study can be applied to other SOA pathways, which can allow including
accurate SOA simulations in climate and global modeling studies in the
future.
Magnitude correlations in a self-similar aftershock rates model of seismicity
Authors: Zambrano Moreno Andres F. , Davidsen Jörn
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Crucial to the development of earthquake forecasting schemes is the manifestation of spatiotemporal correlations between earthquakes as highlighted, for example, by the notion of aftershocks. Here, we present an analysis of the statistical relation between subsequent magnitudes for a recently proposed self-similar aftershock rates model of seismicity, whose main distinguishing feature is that of interdependence between trigger and triggered events in terms of a time-varying frequency magnitude distribution. By means of a particular statistical measure, we study the level of magnitude correlations under specific types of time conditioning, explain their provenance within the model framework and show that the type of null model chosen in the analysis plays a pivotal role in the type and strength of observed correlations. Specifically, we show that while the variations in the magnitude distribution can give rise to large trivial correlations between subsequent magnitudes, the non-trivial magnitude correlations are rather minimal. Simulations mimicking Southern California show that these non-trivial correlations cannot be observed at the 3σ-level at the current level of completeness. We conclude that only the time variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution might lead to significant improvements in earthquake forecasting.
The adaptive particle swarm optimization technique for solving microseismic source location parameters
Authors: Sun Hong-Mei , Yu Jian-Zhi , Zhang Xing-Li , Wang Bin-Guo , Jia Rui-Sheng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. An intelligent method is presented for locating
a microseismic source based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) concept. It
eliminates microseismic source locating errors caused by the inaccurate velocity
model of the earth medium. The method uses, as the target of PSO, a global
minimum of the sum of squared discrepancies between differences of modeled
arrival times and differences of measured arrival times. The discrepancies
are calculated for all pairs of detectors of a seismic monitoring system.
Then, the adaptive PSO algorithm is applied to locate the microseismic
source and obtain optimal value of the P-wave velocity. The PSO algorithm
adjusts inertia weight, accelerating constants, the maximum flight velocity
of particles, and other parameters to avoid the PSO algorithm trapping by
local optima during the solution process. The origin time of the
microseismic event is estimated by minimizing the sum of squared
discrepancies between the modeled arrival times and the measured arrival
times. This sum is calculated using the obtained estimates of the
microseismic source coordinates and P-wave velocity. The effectiveness of
the PSO algorithm was verified through inversion of a theoretical model and
two analyses of actual data from mine blasts in different locations.
Compared with the classic least squares method (LSM), the PSO algorithm displays
faster convergence and higher accuracy of microseismic source location.
Moreover, there is no need to measure the microseismic wave velocity in
advance: the PSO algorithm eliminates the adverse effects caused by error in
the P-wave velocity when locating a microseismic source using traditional
methods.
An analysis of instabilities and limit cycles in glacier-dammed reservoirs
Authors: Schoof Christian
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Glacier lake outburst floods are common glacial hazards around the world. How big such floods can become (either in terms of peak discharge or in terms of total volume released) depends on how they are initiated: what causes the runaway enlargement of a subglacial or other conduit to start, and how big can the lake get before that point is reached? Here we investigate how the spontaneous channelization of a linked-cavity drainage system controls the onset of floods. In agreement with previous work, we show that floods only occur in a band of water throughput rates, and identify stabilizing mechanisms that allow steady drainage of an ice-dammed reservoir. We also show how stable limit cycle solutions emerge from the instability, a show how and why the stability properties of a drainage system with spatially spread-out water storage differ from those where storage is localized in a single reservoir or lake.
Prospects for the Study of Anna Julia Cooper
Authors: Moody-Turner Shirley
Published: July 2019

Anna Julia Cooper was one of the most prolific and active advocates for social justice and racial and gender equality from the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. Her most well-known work, A Voice from the South: By a Black Woman of the South (1892), marks a vital contribution to black women's intellectual history, philosophical thought and social theory, educational policy and pedagogy, and literary criticism. This essay outlines critical analyses of this text while suggesting new approaches and areas for scholarly investigation. From recontextualizing Cooper as a Southern writer, to considering her much wider oeuvre, to contextualizing the process through which Cooper's writings were both preserved and passed down by black critics, bibliographers, and historians, as well as suppressed and obscured by a pernicious race and gender politics, this essay maps areas of critical engagement that can advance the future of Cooper studies.
Brazilian Portuguese in-situ wh-interrogatives between rhetoric and change
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte
Published: July 2019

Previous studies of the historical development of partial interrogatives have postulated a change from contexts in which the proposition of the interrogative has been explicitly mentioned in the previous discourse, to contexts in which the proposition is discourse-new. The present paper explores whether the historical increase in the usage frequency of Brazilian Portuguese in-situ wh-interrogatives represents the same process. Using data from a large corpus of BP theater texts dated between the 19th and 21st century, several discourse functions of InSituWh are identified, the most frequent of which are cataphorical questions, which serve to either open up a question unrelated to the current question under discussion, or raise further questions about the current question under discussion, and rhetorical questions, which question the validity or relevance of a previously mentioned proposition. Rhetorical questions typically do not trigger a response by the interlocutor and are used with psychological verbs and morphologically simple interrogative pronouns. A statistical analysis of the diachronic distribution of InSituWh in the data reveals an increase in the usage frequency of InSituWh especially in contexts in which the proposition is discourse-new. However, the results also indicate that this increase is not due to a grammatical change of InSituWh but rather reflects a consolidation of the rhetorical question function of InSituWh within the genre of theater plays.
El cuestionamiento del materialismo en Torquemada en la hoguera de Benito Pérez Galdós
Authors: Pérez Bernardo María Luisa
Published: July 2019

Benito Pérez Galdós es considerado, después de Cervantes, como el mejor escritor de la literatura española y el más eminente del siglo XIX. Las novelas galdosianas abordan una toma de posición frente a unas situaciones y problemas ideológicos determinados. En su novela Torquemada en la hoguera, Galdós revela la incapacidad del usurero para comprender la realidad, para elevarse por encima de la codicia y avidez. Personifica el eje materialista, el alma monetaria de la filosofía vital de la burguesía española de ese siglo
La elección presidencial de 2018
Authors: Crespo José Antonio
Published: July 2019

El presente texto elabora un análisis electoral y político de los comicios llevados a cabo en México en julio de 2018. Se muestran las diversas hipótesis que pueden explicar el triunfo de Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Un conjunto de factores políticos, sociales y hasta de carácter legal favorecieron la victoria electoral del Movimiento de Regeneración Nacional (Morena): el hartazgo político, la constante presencia de López Obrador, los conflictos entre el PRI y el PAN, la transferencia del voto útil y la actual estructura y normatividad legislativa que permiten mayorías artificiales
Sā Nafanuā: Reconstituting Nafanua as Female Empowerment in Samoan Diasporic Literature
Authors: Lesuma Caryn
Published: July 2019

Works by Samoan poets mobilize stories about the war-goddess Nafanua as a symbol for Samoan empowerment through cultural revitalization. I analyze these poems using an Oceanic framework based on Selina Marsh’s concept of mana tama’ita’i, which outlines an Indigenous approach to reading poetry by Pacific Islands women, and ku’ualoha ho’omanawanui’s reworking of Indigenous literary nationalism, which reveals these texts as representative of a Samoan literary identity that is inclusive of the complexities of diaspora and postmodernity. Nafanua’s central role in shaping cultural identity underscores the power of narrative to imagine and actualize decolonial futures for Samoans.
Effect of family reorientation messages on delirium prevention among critically ill patients
Authors: Elcokany Nermine M. , Ahmed Fatma Refaat
Published: July 2019

Background: About 50%-80% of critically ill patients develop delirium during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Adverse events associated with delirium can range from functional disability, cognitive and psychological impairment, dementia and even death. Removal of invasive lines, self-extubation, prolonged sedation and ventilation therapies which delay the ICU liberation, and increase the overall hospital length of stay are also negative squeals of delirium. Delirium has series of adverse events that are not limited to the associated morbidies and mortality, but also extended to include the burden placed on caregivers, families and healthcare services, in addition to increasing the cost of care. Using auditory stimulation as a non-pharmacological intervention can stimulate the affected neural networks, accelerate brain plasticity and avoid sensory deprivation that could induce pain, agitation, and delirium and slow down the patients' recovery. It is evident that familiar auditory stimuli by a familiar voice is eliciting more responses to auditory tones as it can grasp patients' attention without much effort and disrupts ongoing cognitive activities. Accordingly, multicomponent family reorientation strategy has recently been proposed to achieve better outcomes.Methods: A quasi experimental research design was used in this study in which one tool was used for data collection: “Confusion Assessment Method-intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)”. Results: During the five-day intervention period, the delirium free days was all the days in the family voice group, four days in the unfamiliar voice group and no free days in the control group which indicates a significant difference among groups on number of delirium free days (MCp < .001*).Conclusion: Reorienting critically ill patients through recorded messages is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of delirium. Furthermore, using a familiar family sound is more effective in reducing delirium as proved by the number of delirium free days. During the five-day intervention period, the family voice group shows more delirium free days than the unfamiliar voice group. The intervention used in this study is easy, costless and effective strategy in prevention of delirium among critically ill patients.
Comparative Analysis of Waqf Generosity Index (WGI) in Generation Y and Z
Authors: Hasan Hazriah , Ahmad Ismail , Ghazali Nur Aisyah
Published: July 2019

As the Islamic endowment (Waqf) has been practiced throughout the world, it is a challenge to measure the level of the generosity index on its practice. In fact, the awareness in performing Waqf among Muslims especially in the Generations Y and Z are important since it is valuable to the Muslims and concurrently can help those needy people. The study objective is to develop the generosity index among the two generations’ classifications. The variables that have been selected in this study namely trust, altruism, personal characteristics, self-image, religious value, psychological benefits, social norms, personal satisfaction and commitment. Total of 450 questionnaires managed to be collected from Generations Y and Z respondents in Klang Valley area. Rasch Measurement Model was employed to analyze the data. The construct was found reliable with Cronbach Coefficient Alpha of 0.94. The statistical indicators such Point Measure Correlation (PtMea Corr) and Person Item Distribution Map (PIDM) revealed that all the two generations have different results for their generosity index. This can be relating where each generation having their own behavior traits in attitudes and intentions. The implication of this paper provides evidence of the usefulness of Rasch Measurement Model in identifying the Generations Y and Z generosity index on Waqf or named as Waqf Generosity Index (WGI).
A reprodução urbana em Altamira-Pará: uma análise dos reassentamentos urbanos coletivos - 2016
Authors: Carvalho Gleiciely Barroso , Amaral Marcio Douglas Brito , Herrera José Antonio
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo de produção dos espaços urbanos planejados pelo empreendimento Belo Monte, verificando suas implicações na (re)estruturação urbana e no desenvolvimento sócioespacial da cidade de Altamira. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro fases: na primeira fase um ajustamento teórico, na segunda buscou-se realizar um levantamento documental sobre a cidade de Altamira, na terceira etapa realizou-se a aplicação de formulários com 60 famílias com objetivo de verificar como se apresentam esses espaços de reassentamento no que se refere ao desenvolvimento sócioespacial, e no quarto momento foi feito a sistematização e a análise do material levantado. Nesse sentido foi possível verificar que a legislação da cidade e a forma de crescimento foram alteradas para a criação dos reassentamentos urbanos coletivos e como as famílias estão se adaptando a esses novos espaços.
Ensino dos conteúdos sobre relevo na Geografia Escolar: análise de uma coleção de livros didáticos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Santos Larissa Anjos , Luiz Edna Lindaura
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho constitui-se em parte do trabalho de conclusão de curso intitulado Entre montanhas e planícies: análise do tema relevo nos anos finais do ensino fundamental, apresentado para o Curso de Licenciatura em Geografia da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC. Neste artigo foi discutido o papel do ensino de relevo nas aulas de Geografia na educação básica, mais precisamente nos anos finais do ensino fundamental, através de análises em livros didáticos – referentes aos quatro anos escolares – da coleção Expedições Geográficas, aprovado pelo PNLD de 2017. Primeiramente realizou-se uma discussão teórica acerca do papel do ensino de relevo e do livro didático na educação geográfica e, consequentemente apontou-se algumas análises realizadas nos livros referentes a conceitos, discussões e mapas apresentados nas obras. Através dessas análises foi possível constatar que, mesmo o livro didático sendo um artefato significativo às diferentes escalas do sistema educacional brasileiro, os conteúdos presentes nele possuem pontos a serem discutidos e aprimorados. Esses apontamentos são realizados não com o intuito de desqualificar os livros, mas visando uma educação geográfica que integre as necessidades do mundo contemporâneo e dos estudantes.