bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spin-injection optical pumping of molten cesium salt and its NMR diagnosis
Authors: Ishikawa Kiyoshi
Published: July 2015

Nuclear spin polarization of cesium ions in the salt was enhanced during optical pumping of cesium vapor at high magnetic field. Significant motional narrowing and frequency shift of NMR signals were observed by intense laser heating of the salt. When the hyperpolarized salt was cooled by blocking the heating laser, the signal width and frequency changed during cooling and presented the phase transition from liquid to solid. Hence, we find that the signal enhancement is mostly due to the molten salt and nuclear spin polarization is injected into the salt efficiently in the liquid phase. We also show that optical pumping similarly induces line narrowing in the solid phase. The use of powdered salt provided an increase in effective surface area and signal amplitude without glass wool in the glass cells.
Two different device physics principles for operating MoS2 transistor biosensors with femtomolar-level detection limits
Authors: Nam Hongsuk , Oh Bo-Ram , Chen Pengyu , Yoon Jeong Seop , Wi Sungjin , Chen Mikai , Kurabayashi Katsuo , Liang Xiaogan
Published: July 2015

We experimentally identify two different physics principles for operating MoS2 transistor biosensors, which depend on antibody functionalization locations. If antibodies are functionalized on an insulating layer coated on a MoS2 transistor, antibody-antigen binding events mainly modify the transistor threshold voltage, which can be explained by the conventional capacitor model. If antibodies are directly grafted on the MoS2 transistor channel, the binding events mainly modulate the ON-state transconductance of the transistor, which is attributed to the antigen-induced disordered potential in the MoS2 channel. This work advances the device physics for simplifying the transistor biosensor structures targeting for femtomolar-level quantification of biomolecules.
The simulation of localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton in wire grid polarizer integrated on InP substrate for InGaAs sensor
Authors: Wang Rui , Li Tao , Shao Xiumei , Li Xue , Gong Haimei
Published: July 2015

We numerically demonstrate the integration of gold wire grid polarizer on InP substrate for InGaAs polarimetric imaging. The effective spectral range of wire grid polarizer has been designed in 0.8-3 μm according to InGaAs response waveband. The dips in TM transmission are observed due to surface plasmon (SPs) significantly damaging polarization performance. To further understand the coupling mechanism between gold wire grid grating and InP, the different contributions of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and localized surface plasmon (LSP) to the dips are analyzed. Both transmission and reflectance spectra are simulated at different grating periods and duty cycles by finite-different time-domain (FDTD) method. LSP wavelength is located at around 1 μm and sensitive to the specific shape of metal wire. SPP presents higher resonance wavelength closely related to grating period. The simulations of electric field distribution show the same results.
Steer performance on Panicum maximum (cv. Mombaça) pastures under two grazing intensities
Authors: Euclides Valéria Pacheco Batista , Lopes Flávia da Conceição , do Nascimento Junior Domicio , Carneiro da Silva Sila , Difante Gelson dos Santos , Barbosa Rodrigo Amorim
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate animal performance in Mombaça guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures under intermittent grazing associated with two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm) and a pre-grazing height of 90 cm. A completely randomised block experimental design was employed, with two treatments and three replicates. The pastures were evaluated pre- and post-grazing grazing, to determine the herbage mass, percentage of leaf, stem and dead material and nutritive value. The stocking rate (expressed in animal unit, AU = 450 kg liveweight) was adjusted twice a week, and the animals were weighed every 28 days. The average grazing frequencies were 33 and 40 days, respectively, for 50 cm and 30 cm of residue pastures to reach the pre-grazing target (90 cm). The forage accumulation rate and pre-grazing herbage mass were similar for pastures with post-grazing heights of 30 and 50 cm. However, 50 cm of residue in the pasture resulted in greater pre-grazing leaf percentage and nutritive value and a lower percentage of dead material than did 30 cm of residue, and, consequently, a greater herbage intake (2.6 and 2.0 kg of dry matter/100 kg liveweight, respectively). The stocking rate was greater in the pastures with 30 cm of residue (6.7 AU/ ha) than in those with 50 cm (5.1 AU/ha). However, the average daily gain was greater for the 50-cm (655 g/steer.day) than for the 30-cm (390 g/steer.day) post-grazing height, resulting in a greater animal production of 1070 versus 635 kg/ha, respectively. Thus, under intermittent grazing, Mombaça guineagrass should be managed using a 50-cm post-grazing height.
Diverse Structures and Physicochemical Properties of Four Zinc–Tripyridyltriazole Coordination Polymers Regulated by Counter-Ions
Authors: Wang Xi , Guo Ya-Mei
Published: July 2015

Four distinct ZnII coordination polymers [Zn(L5)Cl2]n (1), [Zn(L5)I2]n (2), {[Zn(L5)(N3)2](H2O)2}n (3), and {[Zn(L5)2(H2O)](ClO4)2(CH3OH)}n (4) were prepared by assembling a multidentate tripyridyltriazole building block 3-(2-pyridyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (L5) with different ZnII salts. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 display distinguishing 1D chain-like coordination patterns whereas 3 reveals a 2D uninodal four-connected network, which can be well regulated by different counter-ions. Further, the building tecton L5 exhibits multiple conformations in these structures. The structural diversity reveals that the synergistic modulation of counter-ions and the adaptable conformations of the organic linker play a critical role in the structural construction. Solid-state properties including thermal stability and fluorescence were investigated as well.
The economic benefit of localised, short-term, wildfire-potential information
Authors: Christman Laine , Rollins Kimberly
Published: July 2015

Wildfire-potential information products are designed to support decisions for prefire staging of movable wildfire suppression resources across geographic locations. We quantify the economic value of these information products by defining their value as the difference between two cases of expected fire-suppression expenditures: one in which daily information about spatial variation in wildfire-potential is used to move fire suppression resources throughout the season, and the other case in which daily information is not used and fire-suppression resources are staged in their home locations all season. We demonstrate the method by constructing a hypothetical wildland management unit calibrated to represent a region typical in the US West. The method uses estimated suppression costs and probabilities of significant fire, as provided by an information service, to estimate expected suppression costs. We analyse differences in expected suppression costs for a range of risk scenarios. Economic savings occur for the majority of risk scenarios. This approach can be used to evaluate investments in wildfire-potential information services, and for assessing the value of investing in new resources.
Strata of standardization
Authors: Michaud Alexis , Ferlus Michel , Nguyễn Minh-Châu
Published: July 2015

The present research, based on first-hand data, is intended as a contribution to the study of the present-day diversity of lesser-described Vietnamese dialects, and of the range of evolutionary paths to which they testify. The Vietnamese dialect of the hamlet of Phong Nha (commune of Sơn Trạch, county of Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình) is one of the “heterodox” dialects of Vietnamese, which are known to present considerable interest for the historical study of Vietnamese and of the Vietic group at large. These dialects are the product of the southerly expansion of Vietnamese over related (Vietic) languages, a process which involved various interferences. Comparative evidence reveals strata of standardization: some words are phonologically identical to Standard Vietnamese; others are of Southern Vietic stock, as demonstrated by the absence of telltale historical changes that took place in Vietnamese, such as the spirantization of medial stops; still others appear to be the result of hybridization.
Absorption and plasma kinetics of collagen tripeptide after peroral or intraperitoneal administration in rats
Authors: Yamamoto Shoko , Hayasaka Fumitaka , Deguchi Kisaburo , Okudera Toshimitsu , Furusawa Toshitake , Sakai Yasuo
Published: July 2015

Collagen tripeptide (CTP) is a collagen-derived compound containing a high concentration of tripeptides with a Gly-X-Y sequence. In this study, the concentrations and metabolites of CTP were monitored in rat plasma after its administration. We performed a quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry according to the isotopic dilution method with stable isotopes. We confirmed that the tripeptides Gly-Pro-Hyp, Gly-Pro-Ala, and Gly-Ala-Hyp were transported into the plasma. Dipeptides, which are generated by degradation of the N- or C-terminus of the tripeptides Gly-Pro-Hyp, Gly-Pro-Ala, and Gly-Ala-Hyp, were also present in plasma. The plasma kinetics for peroral and intraperitoneal administration was similar. In addition, tripeptides and dipeptides were detected in no-administration rat blood. The pharmacokinetics were monitored in rats perorally administered with Gly-[3H]Pro-Hyp. Furthermore, CTP was incorporated into tissues including skin, bone, and joint tissue. Thus, administering collagen as tripeptides enables efficient absorption of tripeptides and dipeptides.
Prognostic Utility of Right Atrial Emptying Fractions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Brunner Nathan W. , Haddad Francois , Kobayashi Yukari , Hsi Andrew , Swiston John R. , Gin Kenneth G. , Zamanian Roham T.
Published: July 2015

Although left atrial function has been extensively studied in patients with heart failure, the determinants and clinical correlates of impaired right atrial (RA) function have been poorly studied. We investigated measures of RA function in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We identified all treatment‐naive patients with World Health Organization category 1 PAH seen at our center during 2000–2011 who had right heart catheterization and 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) within 1 month of initial echocardiographic examination. Atrial size was measured using the monoplane area‐length method, and atrial function was quantified using total, passive, and active RA emptying fractions (RAEFs). We compared measures of RAEF with known prognostic clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic parameters. For the subset of patients with follow‐up echocardiographic examination/6MWT within 6–18 months, we investigated the change in RAEF. In an exploratory analysis, we investigated the association between RAEF and mortality. Our population consisted of 39 patients with treatment‐naive (incident) PAH, 30 of whom had follow‐up testing. The mean total, passive, and active RAEFs were 24.4% ± 15.1%, 8.5% ± 6.9%, and 17.6% ± 13.9%, respectively. Total and active RAEFs correlated with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P = 0.004 and P = 0.005) and cardiac output (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01). The change in active RAEF correlated with change in 6‐minute walk distance (P = 0.02). In our Cox regression analysis, low active and total RAEF were associated with mortality, with hazard ratios of 5.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–26.2; P = 0.03) and 4.2 (95% CI, 1.1–15.5; P = 0.03), respectively. Passive RAEF was poorly reproducible and not associated with outcome. Measures of RAEF appear to have prognostic importance in PAH and warrant further study.
Particles and Scalar Waves in Noncommutative Charged Black Hole Spacetime
Authors: Bhar Piyali , Rahaman Farook , Biswas Ritabrata , Mondal U.F.
Published: July 2015

In this paper we have discussed geodesics and the motion of test particle in the gravitational field of non-commutative charged black hole spacetime. The motion of massive and massless particle have been discussed seperately. A comparative study of noncommutative charged black hole and usual Reissner–Nordström black hole has been done. The study of effective potential has also been included. Finally, we have examined the scattering of scalar waves in noncommutative charged black hole spacetime.
Direct Detection of Dark Matter with Resonant Annihilation*
Authors: Li Bo , Zhou Yu-Feng
Published: July 2015

In the scenario where the dark matter (DM) particles

χ

χ
¯

pair annihilate through a resonance particle R, the constraint from DM relic density makes the corresponding cross section for DM-nuclei elastic scattering extremely small, and can be below the neutrino background induced by the coherent neutrino-nuclei scattering, which makes the DM particle beyond the reach of the conventional DM direct detection experiments. We present an improved analytical calculation of the DM relic density in the case of resonant DM annihilation for s- and p-wave cases and invesitgate the condition for the DM-nuclei scattering cross section to be above the neutrino background. We show that in Higgs-portal type models, for DM particles with s-wave annihilation, the spin-independent DM-nucleus scattering cross section is proportional to ΓR/mR, the ratio of the decay width and the mass of R. For a typical DM particle mass ∼ 50 GeV, the condition leads to

Γ
R

/

m
R

>
~

ο

(

10

-
4

)

. In p-wave annihilation case, the spin-independent scattering cross section is insensitive to ΓR/mR, and is always above the neutrino background, as long as the DM particle is lighter than the top quark. The real singlet DM model is discussed as a concrete example.
Beltrami–McKeon–Schubert Realizations of

(1|4) Algebra and Possible Supersymmetric Kinematics*
Authors: Li Lin , Huang Chao-Guang
Published: July 2015

The possible supersymmetric kinematics are presented by the contraction method in different limits from Beltrami–McKeon–Schubert realizations of

(1|4). The connections among the superalgebras are established. The comparison with the superalgebras contracted from Beltrami–Ivanov–Sorini realization is made.
Spin Number Coherent States and the Problem of Two Coupled Oscillators*
Authors: Ojeda-Guillén D. , Mota R.D. , Granados V.D.
Published: July 2015

From the definition of the standard Perelomov coherent states we introduce the Perelomov number coherent states for any su(2) Lie algebra. With the displacement operator we apply a similarity transformation to the su(2) generators and construct a new set of operators which also close the su(2) Lie algebra, being the Perelomov number coherent states the new basis for its unitary irreducible representation. We apply our results to obtain the energy spectrum, the eigenstates and the partition function of two coupled oscillators. We show that the eigenstates of two coupled oscillators are the SU(2) Perelomov number coherent states of the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with an appropriate choice of the coherent state parameters.
Disassembly activity of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is associated with distinct cellular processes in apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Haase Silvia , Zimmermann Dennis , Olshina Maya A. , Wilkinson Mark , Fisher Fabio , Tan Yan Hong , Stewart Rebecca J. , Tonkin Christopher J. , Wong Wilson , Kovar David R. , Baum Jake
Published: July 2015

Proteins of the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family have been shown to be crucial for the motility and survival of apicomplexan parasites. However, the mechanisms by which ADF proteins fulfill their function remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the comparative activities of ADF proteins from Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum, the human malaria parasite, using a conditional T. gondii ADF-knockout line complemented with ADF variants from either species. We show that P. falciparum ADF1 can fully restore native TgADF activity, demonstrating functional conservation between parasites. Strikingly, mutation of a key basic residue (Lys-72), previously implicated in disassembly in PfADF1, had no detectable phenotypic effect on parasite growth, motility, or development. In contrast, organelle segregation was severely impaired when complementing with a TgADF mutant lacking the corresponding residue (Lys-68). Biochemical analyses of each ADF protein confirmed the reduced ability of lysine mutants to mediate actin depolymerization via filament disassembly although not severing, in contrast to previous reports. These data suggest that actin filament disassembly is essential for apicomplexan parasite development but not for motility, as well as pointing to genus-specific coevolution between ADF proteins and their native actin.
The influence of preceding dive cycles on the foraging decisions of Antarctic fur seals
Authors: Iwata T. , Sakamoto K. Q. , Edwards E. W. J. , Staniland I. J. , Trathan P. N. , Goto Y. , Sato K. , Naito Y. , Takahashi A.
Published: July 2015

The foraging strategy of many animals is thought to be determined by their past experiences. However, few empirical studies have investigated whether this is true in diving animals. We recorded three-dimensional movements and mouth-opening events from three Antarctic fur seals during their foraging trips to examine how they adapt their behaviour based on past experience—continuing to search for prey in the same area or moving to search in a different place. Each dive cycle was divided into a transit phase and a feeding phase. The linear horizontal distance travelled after feeding phases in each dive was affected by the mouth-opening rate during the previous 244 s, which typically covered two to three dive cycles. The linear distance travelled tended to be shorter when the mouth-opening rate in the previous 244 s was higher, i.e. seals tended to stay in the same areas with high prey-encounter rates. These results indicate that Antarctic fur seals follow decision-making strategies based on the past foraging experience over time periods longer than the immediately preceding dive.
Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus
Authors: Gyeong Hye Ryeon , Baek Kiwoon , Hwang Chung Yeon , Park Key Hun , Kim Hye Min , Lee Hong Kum , Lee Yoo Kyung
Published: July 2015

A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. This strain was closely related to Domibacillus enclensis (98.3 %), Domibacillus robiginosus (98.3 %) and Domibacillus indicus (97.2 %). Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). An emended description of the genus Domibacillus is also provided.
Susceptibility of bone marrow-derived macrophages to influenza virus infection is dependent on macrophage phenotype
Authors: Campbell Gillian M. , Nicol Marlynne Q. , Dransfield Ian , Shaw Darren J. , Nash Anthony A. , Dutia Bernadette M.
Published: July 2015

The role of the macrophage in influenza virus infection is complex. Macrophages are critical for resolution of influenza virus infections but implicated in morbidity and mortality in severe infections. They can be infected with influenza virus and consequently macrophage infection is likely to have an impact on the host immune response. Macrophages display a range of functional phenotypes, from the prototypical pro-inflammatory classically activated cell to alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in immune regulation and wound healing. We were interested in how macrophages of different phenotype respond to influenza virus infection and therefore studied the infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) of classical and alternative phenotype in vitro. Our results show that alternatively activated macrophages are more readily infected and killed by the virus than classically activated. Classically activated BMDMs express the pro-inflammatory markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-α, and TNF-α expression was further upregulated following infection. Alternatively activated macrophages express Arginase-1 and CD206; however, following infection, expression of these markers was downregulated whilst expression of iNOS and TNF-α was upregulated. Thus, infection can override the anti-inflammatory state of alternatively activated macrophages. Importantly, however, this results in lower levels of pro-inflammatory markers than those produced by classically activated cells. Our results showed that macrophage phenotype affects the inflammatory macrophage response following infection, and indicated that modulating the macrophage phenotype may provide a route to develop novel strategies to prevent and treat influenza virus infection.
All at sea – gender and leadership in Britain’s Royal Navy (RN)
Authors: Dunn Michael
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate the relationship between leadership and gender in the UK’s Royal Navy (RN) to answer the research question “Do men and women lead in different ways?”.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research collected factual data on personnel statistics and organisational structure in the RN. The primary research adopted a grounded theory approach using repertory grid and critical incident technique. The research design was to interview a snowball sample of 27 mid-ranking officers, equally split between men and women and drawn from the main branches in the RN.

Findings

– There is a significant gender deficit in the RN officer cadre with no women senior-ranking RN officers currently in post. A model of RN leadership was developed from a content and statistical analysis of the primary data. This was broadly equivalent for both men and women, except in one regard: women are expected to manage the impact of their gender so that their self-presentation conforms to the prevailing androcentric norms. The analysis also identified the consequences of unreflective leadership for followers and developed the term “damagement” to conceptualise this.

Research limitations/implications

– The small-scale research design precluded any generalisable findings, but further research, if confirmatory, should make a substantive contribution to both the theoretical field of gender and leadership, and the practice of leadership in the RN.

Practical implications

– These would relate the practice of leadership in the RN. Given further confirmatory research, the findings should inform the leadership selection, training and evaluation processes operated by the RN. It should also influence the Ministry of Defence’s policy on the wider deployment of women in the armed services, when the issue is next reviewed.

Social implications

– The research may have social implications for the wider acceptance of the valuable contribution that women can and should be making in the national armed services of the UK and beyond.

Originality/value

– The research was primary. It has added value though both its contribution to the leadership and gender debate and also the conceptualisation of leadership in the armed services, particularly the RN. In addition, it developed a new concept, that of “damagement” that could be critical in the development of more effective leadership styles.
Event evaluation: definitions, concepts and a state of the art review
Authors: Brown Steve , Getz Donald , Pettersson Robert , Wallstam Martin
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to define event evaluation, develop a conceptual model of its process and elements, review pertinent literature, and draw conclusions pertaining both to the discourse on evaluation and its praxis.

Design/methodology/approach

– General review of literature and development of a conceptual model of the evaluation process.

Findings

– The review suggests that impact assessments have dominated, but are only one type of evaluation; research and papers on evaluating the worth of events has been minimal, while those on the evaluation of various management and marketing functions is fragmented.

Research limitations/implications

– It is concluded that little has been written about evaluation paradigms and systems, although the discourse on sustainability and triple bottom line accountability has led to a greater emphasis on non-economic considerations.

Originality/value

– The conceptual model of the evaluation process and its components offers a systematic approach to shaping evaluation discourse and methods. Conclusions are drawn on how to advance evaluation research and methods applied to events.
Doing social good on a sustainable basis: competitive advantage of social businesses
Authors: Roy Kaushik , Karna Amit
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of social entrepreneurship (SE) firms and how they achieve competitive advantage while engaging in social value creation. The authors employ a business model perspective to understand the (self-) sustaining mechanism for social good.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors carry out an in-depth investigation of three SE ventures. The authors analyse the history of these ventures to determine how they achieved competitive advantage. The cases are analysed based on the internal development in the context of environmental support.

Findings

– The authors find that SE ventures, like all other organisations, achieve competitive advantage based on available resources such as reputation and network of the founder, managerial experience and other corporate resources within the firm. The authors also find that the competitive advantage often comes from innovate usage – a practice that is reinforced by the support from institutional environment.

Research limitations/implications

– Due to the case study approach, the research is aimed at theoretical development within the social business literature. The approach makes it difficult for the findings to be universally generalisable. The authors therefore envisage future researchers to test the theoretical propositions.

Practical implications

– Based on the analysis, the authors conclude that distinct capabilities of social businesses help them achieve competitive advantage, and that policy makers should institutionally support these ventures. The findings stress the importance of resources in sustainability and effectiveness of emerging market SE.

Originality/value

– The application of a business model perspective in SE is unique, and advances the understanding of social businesses from a strategic management perspective.
The importance of group-fit in new director selection
Authors: Elms Natalie , Nicholson Gavin , Pugliese Amedeo
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– Director selection is an important yet under-researched topic. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to extant literature by gaining a greater understanding into how and why new board members are recruited.

Design/methodology/approach

– This exploratory study uses in-depth interviews with Australian non-executive directors to identify what selection criteria are deemed most important when selecting new director candidates and how selection practices vary between organisations.

Findings

– The findings indicate that appointments to the board are based on two key attributes: first, the candidates’ ability to contribute complementary skills and second, the candidates’ ability to work well with the existing board. Despite commonality in these broad criteria, board selection approaches vary considerably between organisations. As a result, some boards do not adequately assess both criteria when appointing a new director hence increasing the chance of a mis-fit between the position and the appointed director.

Research limitations/implications

– The study highlights the importance of both individual technical capabilities and social compatibility in director selections. The authors introduce a new perspective through which future research may consider director selection: fit.

Originality/value

– The in-depth analysis of the director selection process highlights some less obvious and more nuanced issues surrounding directors’ appointment to the board. Recurrent patterns indicate the need for both technical and social considerations. Hence the study is a first step in synthesising the current literature and illustrates the need for a multi-theoretical approach in future director selection research.
Chasing momentum
Authors: Pirie Scott , Chan Ronald King To
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– This study aims to find out why and how institutional investors in Hong Kong use momentum in the investment process.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study is based on interviews with 25 institutional investors based in Hong Kong, all of whom had practical investment experience of at least three years and direct responsibility for making investment decisions.

Findings

– Nearly all the managers interviewed use momentum strategies, and they gave three main reasons for this. First, they find momentum works in practice, particularly in the short term. Second, they believe recent changes in market conditions, such as higher volatility and widespread news coverage, have increased momentum effects. Third, they say institutional factors matter. Frequent monitoring of performance is now the norm, and this tends to focus on short-term results.

Originality/value

– This study complements earlier quantitative research that shows momentum strategies is a method commonly used in investment decisions. It also adds to our knowledge of what institutional investors actually do in practice, and what factors influence their application of momentum strategies.
Behavioral biases of Indian investors: a survey of Delhi-NCR region
Authors: Prosad Jaya Mamta , Kapoor Sujata , Sengupta Jhumur
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence the behavioral biases in Indian investors specifically, overconfidence, excessive optimism (pessimism), herd behavior and the disposition effect. It further investigates the role of demographics and investor sophistication in influencing the biases. Finally, it reveals which bias is most prevalent in the Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

– For this purpose, a survey has been conducted on the investors of the Delhi/NCR area. The data have been collected with the help of a structured questionnaire that is analyzed with the help of relevant statistical tools.

Findings

– The survey evidence shows that behavioral biases are dependent on investors’ demographics and their trading sophistication with highest influencing factors being age, profession and trading frequency. Each bias corresponds to a specific set of investor characteristics and overconfidence comes out to be the most important bias in the Indian context.

Research limitations/implications

– The potential limitations of the present survey can be ascribed to socially desirable responses and their difference with actual market behavior. Further, due to time and resource constraint, the data set is limited to investors of only Delhi/NCR.

Practical implications

– This study is most relevant for financial advisors, as it facilitates them in gaining a better understanding of their clients’ psychology. It can aid them in developing behaviorally modified portfolio, which best suits their clients’ predisposition.

Originality/value

– The paper gives a unique insight on the investors’ profile corresponding to each bias under consideration. It not only updates the evidence on behavioral biases but also highlights which bias is the most influential in the Indian context.
On the complexity of a putative counterexample to the -adic Littlewood conjecture
Authors: Badziahin Dmitry , Bugeaud Yann , Einsiedler Manfred , Kleinbock Dmitry
Published: July 2015

Let $\Vert \cdot \Vert$ denote the distance to the nearest integer and, for a prime number $p$, let $|\cdot |_{p}$ denote the $p$-adic absolute value. Over a decade ago, de Mathan and Teulié [Problèmes diophantiens simultanés, Monatsh. Math. 143 (2004), 229–245] asked whether $\inf _{q\geqslant 1}$$q\cdot \Vert q{\it\alpha}\Vert \cdot |q|_{p}=0$ holds for every badly approximable real number ${\it\alpha}$ and every prime number $p$. Among other results, we establish that, if the complexity of the sequence of partial quotients of a real number ${\it\alpha}$ grows too rapidly or too slowly, then their conjecture is true for the pair $({\it\alpha},p)$ with $p$ an arbitrary prime.
Identities for field extensions generalizing the Ohno–Nakagawa relations
Authors: Cohen Henri , Rubinstein-Salzedo Simon , Thorne Frank
Published: July 2015

In previous work, Ohno conjectured, and Nakagawa proved, relations between the counting functions of certain cubic fields. These relations may be viewed as complements to the Scholz reflection principle, and Ohno and Nakagawa deduced them as consequences of ‘extra functional equations’ involving the Shintani zeta functions associated to the prehomogeneous vector space of binary cubic forms. In the present paper, we generalize their result by proving a similar identity relating certain degree-$\ell$fields to Galois groups$D_{\ell }$and$F_{\ell }$, respectively, for any odd prime$\ell$; in particular, we give another proof of the Ohno–Nakagawa relation without appealing to binary cubic forms.
Localization of Flow Separation and Transition Over a Pitching NACA0012 Airfoil at Transitional Reynolds Numbers Using Hot-Films
Authors: Poels Allison , Rudmin Daniel , Benaissa Azemi , Poirel Dominique
Published: July 2015

Separation and transition of flow over a pitching airfoil at transitional Reynolds Number are analyzed experimentally. The method is based on a windowed correlation between hot-film sensor signals taken simultaneously or synchronized based on the airfoil pitch angle. A comparison with large eddy simulation (LES) simulation obtained in the same conditions is presented and discussed. Our results agree very well with the LES data for the separation location during the pitch-up. For the pitch-down, the results show differences with the LES. However, when the LES data are analyzed with the same correlation technique, the results are in a better agreement.
Analyzing Effects of Soil Parameters on Buried Pipe Behavior and Deciding Governing Parameter Using Statistical Approach
Authors: Bhende Gaurav P. , Kulkarni Pallavi B. , Kale Priyanka M.
Published: July 2015

One of the most common and practical difficulties a pipeline engineer faces at the initial stage of the project is the lack of Soil survey data. Hence, various soil parameters like soil type, density, friction angle, cohesive pressure, depth of cover, pipe coating etc. are needed to be assumed. The critical designs like anchor block requirement, pipe route changes, support loads which involve a huge cost are required to be ‘Issued for Construction’ based on assumed data. This paper briefly illustrates and compares the results obtained from the two most common buried pipe stress analysis methods viz. ‘American Lifeline Alliance - Appendix B’ (1) and ‘Stress Analysis Methods for Underground Pipelines’ (2) and shows their effects graphically on the various Stress Analysis results like pipe movement, end force, active length (virtual anchor length) and bending stress generated in the buried pipeline. Further, this paper comes up with an unique application of ANOVA, a Statistical method, to find out the most significant soil parameter affecting the said results. The paper explains this method with a solved example. These results are useful for a pipeline engineer to determine the governing soil parameter in the design and thus provide a useful tool to make optimum assumptions in absence of soil data so as to minimize the changes in future design and helps saving the cost of the project due to rework.
AC Interference Effect on NG Pipeline and its Mitigation Techniques
Authors: Kondamgire Rukmangad V.
Published: July 2015

All gas pipeline system operators should produce and demonstrate compliance with operational and maintenance philosophies, which include integrity management policies, procedures and safe systems of work throughout their operational life. They should identify all hazards that may impact the system integrity with respect to tolerable individual and societal risk. Risk assessment should be undertaken, mitigation measures established and any residual risk associated with the management of each risk mitigation strategy must be defined and risk ownership established. A credible integrity risk is associated with Alternating Current (AC) induced corrosion of underground steel pipelines that are routed in close proximity to high voltage overhead electrical power systems. This document provides information about AC interference effect on pipeline and demonstrates credible risk mitigation techniques with integrity management. It also describes safety measures and new mitigation technique to avoid electromagnetic interference generated by electric line on underground natural gas pipeline during installation and operational life where the pipeline is laid in common ROU. It shall be emphasised that the owner/operator bears responsibility for the safe operation and maintenance of pipeline system and implement required means and methods to assure integrity of system throughout the design life of the pipeline system.
The Influence of Diffusible Hydrogen in Weld Metal and Moisture Content Levels in Flux Related With Weld Metal Mechanical Properties in Submerged Arc Welding Process for Line Pipe Manufacturing
Authors: Chauhan Gautam , Thakor Piyush , Samavedam Satyanarayana , Mannarsamy Ramakrishnan , Sheikh Ashif , Javed Ashraf
Published: July 2015

The mechanical properties of welding material is correlative with the diffusible hydrogen content in weld metal and level of moisture content in flux. Minitab16program to predict mechanical properties correlated to diffusible hydrogen content in weld metal and level of moisture content in flux, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and average Charpy impact toughness of welding material is established by using submerged arc welding process in line pipe manufacturing. The present paper aims to experiment and investigate the line pipe SAW Flux used for offshore/onshore applications. Flux moisture content has been studied under Karl Fischer Coulometer method. Subsequently, flux was then used to make weld to analysis for ‘diffusible hydrogen content in weld metal’ through mercury displacement method. This detailed study envisages and explains the correlations between the mechanical properties and micro structures of weldments. Evaluating the variance of moisture level in flux and diffusible hydrogen content in weld metal proves the advantage of restricting the moisture content along with good practices to accomplish better weld quality.
Stimulus-independent semantic bias misdirects word recognition in older adults
Authors: Rogers Chad S. , Wingfield Arthur
Published: July 2015

Older adults' normally adaptive use of semantic context to aid in word recognition can have a negative consequence of causing misrecognitions, especially when the word actually spoken sounds similar to a word that more closely fits the context. Word-pairs were presented to young and older adults, with the second word of the pair masked by multi-talker babble varying in signal-to-noise ratio. Results confirmed older adults' greater tendency to misidentify words based on their semantic context compared to the young adults, and to do so with a higher level of confidence. This age difference was unaffected by differences in the relative level of acoustic masking.
Improving the efficiency of deconvolution algorithms for sound source localization
Authors: Lylloff Oliver , Fernández-Grande Efrén , Agerkvist Finn , Hald Jørgen , Tiana Roig Elisabet , Andersen Martin S.
Published: July 2015

The localization of sound sources with delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming is limited by a poor spatial resolution—particularly at low frequencies. Various methods based on deconvolution are examined to improve the resolution of the beamforming map, which can be modeled by a convolution of the unknown acoustic source distribution and the beamformer's response to a point source, i.e., point-spread function. A significant limitation of deconvolution is, however, an additional computational effort compared to beamforming. In this paper, computationally efficient deconvolution algorithms are examined with computer simulations and experimental data. Specifically, the deconvolution problem is solved with a fast gradient projection method called Fast Iterative Shrikage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA), and compared with a Fourier-based non-negative least squares algorithm. The results indicate that FISTA tends to provide an improved spatial resolution and is up to 30% faster and more robust to noise. In the spirit of reproducible research, the source code is available online.
Numerical calculation of listener-specific head-related transfer functions and sound localization: Microphone model and mesh discretization
Authors: Ziegelwanger Harald , Majdak Piotr , Kreuzer Wolfgang
Published: July 2015

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) can be numerically calculated by applying the boundary element method on the geometry of a listener's head and pinnae. The calculation results are defined by geometrical, numerical, and acoustical parameters like the microphone used in acoustic measurements. The scope of this study was to estimate requirements on the size and position of the microphone model and on the discretization of the boundary geometry as triangular polygon mesh for accurate sound localization. The evaluation involved the analysis of localization errors predicted by a sagittal-plane localization model, the comparison of equivalent head radii estimated by a time-of-arrival model, and the analysis of actual localization errors obtained in a sound-localization experiment. While the average edge length (AEL) of the mesh had a negligible effect on localization performance in the lateral dimension, the localization performance in sagittal planes, however, degraded for larger AELs with the geometrical error as dominant factor. A microphone position at an arbitrary position at the entrance of the ear canal, a microphone size of 1 mm radius, and a mesh with 1 mm AEL yielded a localization performance similar to or better than observed with acoustically measured HRTFs.
Scientists dread Greek exit from the euro
Authors: Stokstad Erik
Published: July 2015

Decisive “no” to bailout could lead to a rupture with Europe and endanger key funding.
Plan to drop goals for women roils Japanese science
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: July 2015

Change stirs debate about how to remedy underrepresentation of women.
Coherent coupling between a ferromagnetic magnon and a superconducting qubit
Authors: Tabuchi Yutaka , Ishino Seiichiro , Noguchi Atsushi , Ishikawa Toyofumi , Yamazaki Rekishu , Usami Koji , Nakamura Yasunobu
Published: July 2015

Making hybrid quantum information systems

Different physical implementations of qubits—quantum bits—each have their pros and cons. An appealing idea is to combine them into hybrid architectures, taking advantage of their respective strengths. Tabuchi
et al.
placed a ferromagnetic sphere and a superconducting qubit in a cavity and used an electromagnetic mode of the cavity as the mediator between the two. They achieved strong coupling between a collective magnetic mode of the sphere and the qubit. Viennot
et al.
coupled a single spin in a double quantum dot to photons in a cavity. Both approaches hold promise for future applications.

Science
, this issue pp.
405
and
408
Universal linear optics
Authors: Carolan Jacques , Harrold Christopher , Sparrow Chris , Martín-López Enrique , Russell Nicholas J. , Silverstone Joshua W. , Shadbolt Peter J. , Matsuda Nobuyuki , Oguma Manabu , Itoh Mikitaka , Marshall Graham D. , Thompson Mark G. , Matthews Jonathan C. F. , Hashimoto Toshikazu , O’Brien Jeremy L. , Laing Anthony
Published: July 2015

Complex quantum optical circuitry

Encoding and manipulating information in the states of single photons provides a potential platform for quantum computing and communication. Carolan
et al.
developed a reconfigurable integrated waveguide device fabricated in a glass chip (see the Perspective by Rohde and Dowling). The device allowed for universal linear optics transformations on six wave-guides using 15 integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers, each of which was individually programmable. Functional performance in a number of applications in optics and quantum optics demonstrates the versatility of the device's reprogrammable architecture.

Science
, this issue p.
711
; see also p.
696
Engaging new scientific horizons
Authors: McNutt Marcia , Stern Alan
Published: July 2015

Next week, the New Horizons spacecraft will reconnoiter Pluto and its system of moons on the ragged edge of our planetary system. It may then fly by icy bodies in the Kuiper Belt, more than a billion kilometers beyond Neptune's orbit. These will become the farthest worlds ever explored, ushering in a new era of discovery. Although information from previous planetary probes has helped scientists understand the origin of the inner rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and the gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), as well as their moons, this will be the first opportunity to undertake a close-up study of the dwarf planets that are so common beyond Neptune.