bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security Enhancement for Building Access, Using One Time Password (OTP) Technology
Authors: Sorochi Uko Victor , Nasiru Abdulsalam , Inusa Isa Abdulrauf
Published: June 2020

Ubiquitous as mobile technologies are, and the various advancements the technologies have experienced, makes the field pertinent for integration into security systems of buildings. As a security enhancement technique for building access, this project was proposed as a way of paving a way for integration of one time password (OTP) technology using microcontroller to security systems. In addition, the proposed project will be a supplement to the challenges of other security authentication methods centered on Bluetooth, radio frequency identification (RFID), biometrics and voice recognition techniques. In other to reduce complexity in design, a microcontroller was introduced to hub the coordination of the system. The two way verification system which can be coupled with aforementioned security systems, boast of its ability to store numeric identity of each authorized user to a building in the electrical erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) of the microcontroller. The system prompt a user wanting to gain access to the building through the door to input designated numeric identity (password) stored in data base. Once the inputted designated numeric identity entered matches an identity in the data base, then for the second verification process, a randomly generated OTP which has a programmed validity of three minutes is sent to the user phone via a GSM (global system for mobile communication) module. If either the password or OTP entered doesn’t match, then access is denied and the user will only be relegated to two limited successful chances with time duration as programmed for retrial before the system reset for the next user. Once there is failure at any stage of verification outside prescribed attempted limit, an alarm is sounded with implication that a burglar is attempting entry. Electric power to the project was driven from an ac mains which was then rectified to power all the dc dependent components used. The low construction cost, user friendliness, flexibility, insured security when compared to other security systems, makes the inovation unique.
Froth Flotation Beneficiation a Sure Way to Value Addition to Arufu (Nigeria) Zinc Ore Towards Smelting Grade Concentrate Production
Authors: Alabi Oladunni Oyelola , Bodede Olanrewaju Rotimi , Popoola Taiwo Paul
Published: June 2020

Froth flotation of Arufu ore was carried out at varying particle sizes after characterization. Fifty (50) kilogram crude sample of the ore was sourced from Arufu zinc mine in Arufu town of Nassarawa state, Nigeria. The whole sample was crushed out of which five (5) kilogram was sampled out using random sampling method. One kilogram each of the resulting sample was then ground and sieved to three particle sizes viz; 63 µm, 90 µm and 125 µm. Chemical analysis of the representative sample of the sourced ore was carried out using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED –XRF). 250 grams of the 63 µm sample was charged into Froth flotation cell mixed with water at a ratio of 1:4 to form slurry. The Slurry formed was condition to a pH of 9, while other froth flotation reagents were added one after the other. This resulted in froth and depressed samples, which were dewatered after 24 hours and samples picked for compositional analysis. The procedure was repeated for 90 µm and 125 µm. The characterization of head sample revealed that the ore contains predominantly 36.80%ZnO (26.29% Zn), 31.1 % SiO2 alongside other trace mineral as gangue in the ore. However, Froth flotation studies of the ore at varying particle size revealed that, appreciable amount of mineral of interest (ZnO) was lost to the tailing at sieve sizes 63 µm and 90 µm. This was attributed to over-grinding above the ore’s liberation size phenomenon which has been proven to have adverse effect on the mineral’s quality and overall separation efficiency. It was concluded that the froth flotation is best carried out at a particle size of 125 µm, pH of 9, using potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX) as frother to yield concentrate grade of 50.21 % ZnO (35.93 % Zn) at a recovery of 46.3%. This was re – cleaned to yield high grade of 82.36%ZnO (66.42%Zn). The re – cleaned concentrate produced falls within the standard requirement of 65 % Zn needed as a charge into the blast furnace for Zinc metal production.
Review of Multilevel Inverters and Their Control Techniques
Authors: Tashiwa Ibrahim Emmanuel , Dung Gyang Davon , Adole Benson Stephen
Published: June 2020

Multi-level inverter is attaining higher AC power using a series of power semiconductor switches with numerous lower voltage DC sources to implement the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Sources like super capacitors, batteries, solar panels and other renewable energy voltage sources make up the multiple DC voltage sources. This work looks at the advantages and likely disadvantage of multi-level inverter, highlighting some of the shortfalls of existing inverter topologies while considering the effects of emerging Hybrid MLI Topologies. Hence this review paper proposes a distinctive seven level cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter configuration in which the POD PWM technique is adopted. This design would potentially redress the problems inherent in other inverter circuit topologies reviewed.
Uncertainty Approaches for Solving Generalized Machine Maintenance Problem
Authors: Abass Samir Abdou , Abdallah Asmaa S. , Elsayed Marwa Shehata , Ahmed Eman Massoud
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the generalized machine maintenance problem is formulated as linear programming model. The objective is to maximize the percentage production hours available per maintenance cycle of each machine.  Data in many real life engineering and economic problems suffers from inexactness. There are different approaches to deal with uncertain optimization problems. In this paper two different approaches of uncertainty, Fuzzy programming and rough interval programming approaches will be introduced. We deal the concerned problem with uncertain data in coefficients of the constraints for the two approaches. A numerical example is introduced to clarify the two proposed approaches. A comparison study between the obtained results of the two proposed approaches and the results of interval approach for Samir A. and Marwa Sh [3] will be introduced.
Rogowski Coils for Design of Energy Meters for Nigeria Power Market
Authors: Iloh John Paul I.
Published: June 2020

Proper metering of electricity consumption is the optimal way for effectively recovering revenues for power supplied to the consumers by the distribution companies (DISCOs). In Nigeria, the situation is quite problematic due to inadequate metering of the consumers. As a result, huge amount of revenues due to the DISCOs are left uncollected leaving the DISCOs to resort to estimated billing system. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a locally made digital energy meter built from locally available materials in Nigeria. Specifically, this work proposes to use an inexpensive rogowski coil wound from made-in-Nigeria wire on an improvised air core material as the current sensing element to be used in the meter. Two rogowski coil samples wound from SWG 36 and SWG 25 wires having resistances of 50ohm and 1.3 Ohms respectively were subjected to repeated experimental tests in order to study their characteristic behavior under varying load current scenarios. The results obtained were used to characterize the coils behaviors by using the basic fitting tool in MATLAB graphing window to generate the optimal equation representing the coils’ behaviors.  The equations so obtained are intended to be used to program the microcontroller for implementation of the Digital Energy Meter algorithm adopted in the proposed design. Results from the experiment showed that the coil with lower resistance exhibited better linear response while the coil with higher resistance was better optimized by quadratic and cubic polynomials. These findings serve as design guide for local fabrication of the rogowski coils to be used in the proposed digital energy meter being developed for the Nigerian power market.
Development, Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of 3 (DoF) Pneumatic Gantry Robot
Authors: Mohamed Awad Eisa G. , Elhassan Abuobeida Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Low friction pneumatic cylinders are now being considered in applications for which only electric motors or hydraulics were previously considered suitable. One potential application of low friction pneumatics is robotic for metallurgical operations where the high power to weight ratio and low cost could be exploited. As part of an ongoing project to develop a pneumatic robot, this paper presents the kinematic analysis of pneumatic cylinder characteristics that simplifies controller design. Using mathematical modeling and simulation, non-linearity of modern pneumatic systems have been investigated. The derived models give an excellent representation of the system, despite the inclusion of a simplified friction model.
Developing A Seizure Prediction Algorithm for A Non-Invasive Neuromodulator
Authors: Asgharpour Mahnaz , Sedighi Mehdi , Jahed Motlagh Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2020

In this study, a novel real-time seizure prediction algorithm is introduced to predict epileptic seizures. The proposed algorithm is expected to be applicable in a noninvasive neuromodulator. As a model of the epileptogenic zone, a small-world network of Huber-Braun neurons was built up. To assess the effects of noninvasive stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, this network was modified, and the magneto-motive forces and the electromagnetically induced currents were further applied on the network. Comprehensive investigations of the electroencephalograms of epilepsy patients have suggested that some chaotic mechanisms generate the seizures. Hence, chaos and bifurcation theory was applied, and the induced current was considered as the bifurcation parameter. The bifurcation diagram of the 'inter-spike' intervals of the mean voltage of the small world network was obtained. The precise time at which the bifurcation took place was subsequently considered as the time of the seizure onset. Comparisons of the bifurcation diagrams obtained from the patients’ electroencephalographs showed that the proposed network model could reasonably represent the actual neuronal networks of the epileptogenic zone. A dataset of the electroencephalographs of epilepsy patients and normal volunteers from an epilepsy center in Germany was used to validate the prediction algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a significant capability to predict the precise occurrence of seizures and the achieved sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of this approach were remarkably higher than those reported in previous studies.
Analysis of DVB-T2 and LTE Networks Co-Existence in the Digital Dividend Band in Nigeria
Authors: Ashigwuike Evans C. , Umar Sadiq A. , Okpanachi Moses Stephen O.
Published: June 2020

This paper, present results of the analysis of DVB-T2 and LTE network co-existence in Nigeria. The Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT) used to analyse the co-existence. The findings of the study reveals that the blocking interference is the dominant effect and to ensure that the probability of interference is below the threshold of 5%. It is mandatory to decrease the transmission power of the LTE from 196mw to 25mw. Consequently, the protection ratio for DVB-T2 and LTE should be maintained for a seamless co-existence.
Finite Element Analysis of Key Influence Parameters in Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam Column Connection subjected to Lateral Loading
Authors: Diro Gemechu Abdissa , Kabeta Worku Feromsa
Published: June 2020

Beam column connection is the most critical zone in a reinforced concrete frame. The strength of connection affects the overall behavior and performance of RC framed structures subjected to lateral load and axial loads. The study of critical parameters that affects the overall joint performances and response of the structure is important. Recent developments in computer technology have made possible the use of Finite element method for 3D modeling and analysis of reinforced concrete structures. Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete exterior beam column connection subjected to lateral loading was performed in order to investigate joint shear failure mode in terms of joint shear capacity, deformations and cracking pattern using ABAQUS software. A 3D solid shape model using 3D stress hexahedral element type (C3D8R) was implemented to simulate concrete behavior. Wire shape model with truss shape elements (T3D2) was used to simulate reinforcement’s behavior. The concrete and reinforcement bars were coupled using the embedded modeling technique. In order to define nonlinear behavior of concrete material, the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) was applied to the numerical model as a distributed plasticity over the whole geometry. The study was to investigate the most influential parameters affecting joint shear failure due to column axial load, beam longitudinal reinforcement ratio, joint panel geometry and concrete compressive strength. The Finite Element Model (FEM) was verified against experimental test of exterior RC beam column connection subjected to lateral loading. The model showed good comparison with test results in terms of load-displacement relation, cracking pattern and joint shear failure modes. The FEA clarified that the main influential parameter for predicting joint shear failure was concrete compressive strength.
A GSM Based Automatic Energy Meter Reading and Billing System
Authors: Mortuza Mohammad Golam , Ahmed Zia Uddin , Jaki Hassan , Ahmed Md. Razu , Uddin Mohammed Jashim , Kabir Md. Humayun
Published: June 2020

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for An existence without electricity can't be thought of since it turns into an integral part of human life. In a developing country, people use postpaid electricity for their own purposes. Be that as it may, they don't know the amount of electricity they have consumed and how much cost they have done likewise till they receive the consumption bill at the end of the month. Also, in prepaid meters, to see consumption details, people have to go in front of the meter. In this research, a system has been designed based on GSM technology to solve this problem. The prepaid meter has to be recharged; as a result, clients can use the electricity. The system alerts the client for any kind of emergency. Besides, when the client is away from the house, he can easily switch off the supply of electricity by sending an SMS. This project will support both society and country because it helps to reduce the wastage of electricity and to check electricity consumption and bill from remote distances.
Surface Roughness Model when Hole Turning SAE 420 Steel
Authors: Le Ky Hong
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a study on surface roughness model when hole turning SAE 420 steel has been done. This study has been presented with three main contents. The first content is to determine the influence of some parameters on the surface roughness. The second content is to build a quadratic model showing the relationship between surface roughness with cutting velocity, depth of cut, feed rate and nose radius. The third content is to evaluate the accuracy of surface roughness model by comparing the roughness value when estimating and roughness value when testing. The development directions for further studies are also mentioned in this study.
An Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Tire-Derived Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Tehrani Fariborz M. , Masswadi Nazmieh A. , Miller Nathan M. , Sadrinezhad Arezoo
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the results of an experimental study to investigate dynamic properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete beams with lightweight expanded shale (ES) and tire-derived aggregates (TDA). The mixture design followed past experiences in combining ES and TDA to enhance toughness and energy absorption in flexural behavior. The new mixture also contained 2% fiber by volume to improve such properties further. Experiments included compressive testing on cylindrical specimens as well as flexural testing on rectangular specimens to verify mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced tire-derived lightweight aggregate concrete (FRTDLWAC) subject to static loading. The results of these experiments confirmed reduction of mechanical strength due to addition of TDA and improvements in flexural strength due to fiber reinforcement. The dynamic testing included non-destructive impact loads applied to flexural specimens using a standard Schmidt hammer. A high-speed camera recorded the response of the system at 200 frames per second to allow detailed observations and measurements. Interpretation of energy-based dynamic results revealed that TDA enhances energy absorption through damping in flexural behavior. Results also indicated that fiber reinforcement reduces the amount of absorbed dynamic energy, even though; it enhances the absorbed strain energy due to crack bridging effect.
Comparative Effectiveness of Flotation Technique at Varying Conditions for Beneficiation of Itakpe and Agbaja Iron Ores
Authors: Akande Serah , Alabi Oladunni O. , Ajaka E. O. , Olatunji Temitope Amos
Published: June 2020

Itakpe and Agbaja iron ores are part of prominent iron deposits in Nigeria, yet studies on their beneficiation via froth flotation are relatively limited. Thus, this research investigated comparatively the flotation behaviour of both ores at varied pulp pH, particle size, and collector type. The ores were also examined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Petrological, and fractional sieve size analyses. Fifty (50) kg sample each of the ores was sourced for the research. Then, size fractions (63, 75, and 125 mm) of each ore were prepared and subjected to froth flotation using different collectors; Potassium Amyl Xanthate (PAX), Sodium Ethyl Xanthate (SEX), and Oleic Acid, at varying pulp pH ranging from 9-11. From the results obtained Itakpe iron ore assayed 36.18% Fe2O3 and contains predominantly haematite, sillimanite, and quartz while Agbaja iron ore contains chiefly, quartz and haematite, and assayed 40.6% Fe2O3 alongside 1.505% P2O5. The liberation sizes of both ores lie favouraby in the range -125+75 µm. Beneficiation studies carried out revealed that significant enrichment of both ores was actualized. Thus, it was established that Itakpe iron ore is best processed using PAX at pH 11 and particle size of 125 µm yielding concentrates assaying 67.66% Fe2O3 at a recovery of ~90% while for Agbaja iron ore, PAX at pH 9 and particle size of 63 µm is considered best to yield enriched concentrates assaying 65.5% Fe2O3 at 52.5%.recovery.
The Application of UPSUS PAJALE Program Technology on Rice
Authors: Zulfitriyana Zulfitriyana , Syarfi Ira Wahyuni , Hasnah Hasnah
Published: June 2020

This study aims to identify the factors affecting the sustainable application of UPSUS PAJALE Program technology on rice in Solok Regency.  The results reveal that among the four variables (farmer characteristics, nature of innovation, access to information and relative benefits) proposed to be related to the sustainability of the application of UPSUS PAJALE technology, the variable access to information is found to have strongest influence with f2 value of 0.38, while the variable nature of innovation contributes the smallest effect with f2 of 0.01 on the sustainability of the application of UPSUS PAJALE technology on rice. The characteristics of farmers and relative benefits have a moderate effect with f2 values of 0.14 and 0.17, respectively. In order to encourage famers to apply the technology of UPSUS PAJALE on rice sustainably, it is suggested that the relevant agencies conduct socialization and provide technical guidance.
Deep Learning-Based Self-Driving Car: JetBot with NVIDIA AI Board to Deliver Items at Agricultural Workplace with Object-Finding and Avoidance Functions
Authors: Kawakura Shinji , Shibasaki Ryosuke
Published: June 2020

In this study, we attempt to develop a deep learning-based self-driving car system to deliver items (e.g., harvested onions, agri-tools, PET bottles) to agricultural (agri-) workers at an agri-workplace. The system is based around a car-shaped robot, JetBot, with an NVIDIA artificial intelligence (AI) oriented board. JetBot can find diverse objects and avoid them. We implemented experimental trials at a real warehouse where various items (glove, boot, sickle (falx), scissors, and hoe), called obstacles, were scattered. The assumed agri-worker was a man suspending dried onions on a beam. Specifically, we developed a system focusing on the function of precisely detecting obstacles with deep learning-based techniques (techs), self-avoidance, and automatic delivery of small items for manual agri-workers and managers. Both the car-shaped figure and the deep learning-based obstacles-avoidance function differ from existing mobile agri-machine techs and products with respect to their main aims and structural features. Their advantages are their low costs in comparison with past similar mechanical systems found in the literature and similar commercial goods. The robot is extremely agile and easily identifies and learns obstacles. Additionally, the JetBot kit is a minimal product and includes a feature allowing users to arbitrarily expand and change functions and mechanical settings.

This study consists of six phases: (1) designing and confirming the validity of the entire system, (2) constructing and tuning various minor system settings (e.g., programs and JetBot specifications), (3) accumulating obstacle picture data, (4) executing deep learning, (5) conducting experiments in an indoor warehouse to simulate a real agri-working situation, and (6) assessing and discussing the trial data quantitatively (presenting the success and error rates of the trials) and qualitatively. We consider that from the limited trials, the system can be judged as valid to some extent in certain situations. However, we were unable to perform more broad or generalizable experiments (e.g., execution at mud farmlands and running JetBot on non-flat floor). We present experimental ranges for the success ratio of these trials, particularly noting crashed obstacle types and other error types. We were also able to observe features of the system’s practical operations. The novel achievements of this study lie in the fusion of recent deep learning-based agricultural informatics. In the future, agri-workers and their managers could use the proposed system in real agri-places as a common automatic delivering system. Furthermore, we believe, by combining this application with other existing systems, future agri-fields and other workplaces could become more comfortable and secure (e.g., delivering water bottles could avoid heat (stress) disorders).
Compatibility of Analog Forestry and Conservation Agriculture as Strategies for the Sustainable Management of Forest Resources in Bui, NW Cameroon
Authors: Angwafo Tsi Evaristus , Danernyuy Kemkia Christian , Chuo Mvo Denis
Published: June 2020

This study entitle compatibility of analog forestry (AF) and conservation agriculture (CA) as strategies for the sustainable management of forest resources was carried out in Bui, NW Cameroon. The objective of the study was to examine the management schems adopted by communities and compatibility between analog forestry and conservation agriculture that make them better strategies for forest resource management. Qualitative and quantitative designs were used during data collection. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using statistical package for social sciences, cross tabulation and microsoft  excel. Result revealed that AF and CA are 80% compatible for the restoration of forest resources according to farmers responds. For instance, 20.6% and 17,2% of respondents reported that compatibility of AF and CA reduced pressure on natural forests and boost rehabilitate degraded forest and water shades respectively. Therefore, soil protection and anchorage through the establishment of tree species whilst maintaining cover and eliminating tillage with AF and CA are logical solution to rehabilitation and sustainable continuation of natural resources in Bui.
Gene Action For Yield Contributing Character In Bottle Gourd
Authors: Quamruzzaman AKM , Salim M. M. R. , Akhter L. , Rahman M. M. , Chowdhury M. A. Z.
Published: June 2020

A study of the attributes for yield components of 21 F1 ’s and their seven parents in 7 x 7 diallel (excluding reciprocals) of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] was conducted at the Olericulture Division of Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh during 2018-19. The graphical and the component of variance analysis revealed that non-additive gene action were dominant in all the characters studied. But the average degree of dominance was over dominance in the inheritance of maximum traits in except fruit length, fruit diameter, endocarp thickness showed the partial dominance for the genes controlling these characters. The values of the ratio of number of total dominant and recessive gene estimated were one or more than one for most of the characters except fruit length and fruits number per plant indicating the asymmetrical distribution of dominant and recessive alleles in the parents for the eight characters and an excess of dominant gene is indicated. Broad sense heritability was higher heritability for all the parameters but in narrow sense heritability were higher heritability for fruit length, fruit diameter, endocarp thickness indicating their high heritable control nature. The Wr/Vr graphs showed dominance effect of gene was observed in maximum characters. The graphical analysis indicated wide genetic diversity among the parents.
RT-PCR Based Cloning and Sequencing of Potato Leaf Roll Virus-Coat Protein (PLRV-CP) Gene for Characterization as a Bangladeshi PLRV Isolate and Its Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Hossain Md. Belal , Hasan Tanjila , Joy Ibne Siam , Akter Ratna , Shahriar Saleh Ahmed
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted in Molecular Biology and Plant Virology Laboratory under the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Total RNA was extracted from Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) positive leaves and complementary DNA (cDNA) were synthesized from total RNA. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based detection conditions were optimized by using coat protein (CP) gene specific primers. In PCR amplification cDNA and in nucleotide sequencing PCR product was used as a template. A 346 bp amplicon of PLRV- CP gene was amplified and amplified gene region was sequenced. The expected nucleotide sequence of amplified PLRV-CP gene showed 95 to 98% homology when compared with the isolates sequences reported in Gene Bank database. This explored novel PLRV-CP gene was characterized as a PLRV Bangladeshi isolate (Accession number, Bankit 2274496, MN605963). PLRV-CP gene protein modeling was carried out using Expert Protein Analysis System (ExPaSy), DNASTAR’s protein tools server used for 3D protein modeling. Phylogenetic analysis was also carried out, the tree was made by using MEGA 4.0 software and maximum parsimony method was selected to construct phylogenetic tree. The RT-PCR based molecular technique optimized in this study, would be a useful for early detection, epidemiological studies of PLRV as well as in seed tubers certification program and the novel hyper variable sequenced region of PLRV-CP gene will be useful in pathogen derived resistance breeding program against the PLRV local strain.
Quality and Safety Characteristics of Minimally Processed Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Sold in Selected Locations in Port Harcourt
Authors: Obinna-Echem Patience Chisa , Koanyie Loveth
Published: June 2020

The physico-chemical, proximate, vitamin C, sensory and microbiological quality of minimally processed watermelon from selected locations in Port Harcourt was evaluated. The locations were Rumuokoro junction, Rumuokuta junction, Nwinpi junction and Mile 3 Bus stop, samples prepared in the Food preparation laboratory served as control.  Standard analytical and microbiological methods were used. pH and titratable acidity varied respectively from 4.95 - 5.60 and 0.14 - 0.20 %Citric acid. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, and carbohydrate ranged from 94.54 – 96.14, 0.52 – 0.54, 0.54 – 0.56, 0.25 -0.39, 0.32 – 0.57 and 1.99 – 3.56% respectively, while the energy content was 15.00 – 20.91 Kcal/g. Ascorbic acid content ranged from 2.77 - 4.73 mg/100g. The microbiological evaluation revealed Total aerobic, Coliform, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and fungi counts of 3.80 – 5.79, 3.74 – 5.83, 5.10 - 5.84, 4.26 – 5. 00 and 3.89 - 4.45 Log10Cfu/g respectively. The sensory attributes: colour, sweetness, texture, aroma, juiceness and overall acceptability of the samples ranged from 5.80 – 7.85, 5.70 – 7.95, 6.10 – 7.45, 5.40 – 7.10, 6.15 – 7.55 and 6.00 – 7.45 respectively. Degree of likeness of the minimally processed watermelon by the assessors was that of slight to like very much. The study revealed that though the minimally processed watermelon were nutritious and acceptable to the consumers, the microbial counts were unsatisfactory and can be a risk factor to public health.
Engineering Subsoil Characterization for Shallow Foundation Design in Ode Irele Area of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Falowo Olumuyiwa O. , Amodu Michael B.
Published: June 2020

Integrated geophysical and geotechnical investigations for foundation design have proved to be good veritable tools in effective foundation design and construction. Geophysical and geotechnical methods involving electrical resistivity and cone penetration test have been carried out to investigate the foundation soil conditions of Ode Irele, southwestern Nigeria. Six vertical electrical sounding (VES) were carried out along two traverses; which is complemented by two cone penetration tests with seven trial tests at different subsurface depths. The geotechnical results showed that the soils are sand and silt dominated. All the tested parameters fall within the Nigeria federal ministry of works and housing specification with liquid limit (< 50%), plastic limit (< 30%), plasticity index (< 20%). The geoelectric sections identified maximum of six geoelectric/geologic subsurface layers comprising the topsoil (red sand), weathered layer (made up of coastal sand/white sand), clayey sand (which is the major aquitard in the area), intermediate sand aquifer unit. However the coastal sand layer has moderately high resistivity at shallow depth to sustain foundation load with thickness greater than 2 m. The groundwater level measured from existing borehole records 17.5 m which may not or seriously affect the bases of the foundation footing. Consequently an average allowable bearing capacity of 150 KN/m2 (ultimate bearing capacity of 450 KN/m2) would be appropriate for design of shallow foundation in the area, at a depth not less than 1.6 m in Ode Irele and 0.8 m at Ajagba. The foundation width of 0.6 m would produce minimum bearing settlement less than 25 mm. The appropriate (recommended) ultimate bearing and allowable bearing capacity for strip and square footings at depth levels of 0.6 – 1.2 m vary from 1486 – 1842 KN/m2 and 495 - 614 KN/m2; and 2056 – 2489 KN/m2 and 685 - 830 KN/m2 respectively.
Evaluation of ICESat-2 ATL08 Data Product: Performance Assessment in Inland Water
Authors: Dandabathula Giribabu , Verma Manish , Satyanarayana Pondari , Srinivasa Rao Sitiraju
Published: June 2020

Advanced Topographic Laser System (ATLAS) instrument on-board NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) enabled the capability of detecting certain properties of the Earth's surface at a photon level. Primary applications of ICESat-2 are for cryosphere but extendable to measure and determine the changes in elevation for land terrain and canopy. ICESat-2 ATL08 data product is a level 3A product that contains the best fit height above a reference ellipsoid processed in fixed 100 m data segments, which typically uses more than 100 signal photons from level 2 product namely ATL03. In this article, ICESat-2 ATL08 has been evaluated for its accuracy. Accuracy assessment of a point ellipsoidal height can be done using known benchmarks or survey points. In the absence of known points, the performance of these points can be assessed by hydro-flatness test as well as by comparing the satellite observed surface water level with gauged water table height. Both these tests have been done on 5 large reservoirs in the Indian sub-continent. Hydro-flatness test on ICESat-2’s ATL08 data product determined the permissible variations that occur on the surface water body due to ripples, wavelets, and streaks at a centimeter-level. Water level from ICESat-2 data will be in ellipsoidal height and cannot be compared with gauged data as it gives the height of the water surface above an established altitude where the stage is zero, because of this we have compared the change of surface water level from different dates. The results indicate that the surface water levels from ICESat-2’s ATL08 data product are in line with gauged data at centimeter-level accuracy.
Soil Organic Carbon Pools and Microbial Population in Extremely Saline Soils: A Case Study in Salt Desert of Rann of Kachchh, India
Authors: Datta Ashim , Mahato Arun Kumar Roy , . Nisha , . Priyanka , Jat H.S. , Sharma Parbodh Chander
Published: June 2020

Saline soils are not suitable for plant growth due to higher osmotic potential and impair crop productivity to a great extent. Globally vast tract of land in arid and semiarid regions are affected by salinity and hardly supports any economic activities. Soil acts as the largest sink of terrestrial carbon and can help in climate change mitigation through sequestration of organic carbon. Therefore, an attempt has been made to assess the carbon concentration as well as microbial activity of soils of Rann of Kachchh (salt desert), Gujarat, India. The soil and water samples were found dark black in colour and the water was extremely saline (electrical conductivity>700 dS m-1) in nature. Results showed that the total carbon and oxidizable organic carbon concentration was 7.1 and 5.3 g kg-1 at 0-15 cm soil depth. About 25.4% of the total carbon was present in recalcitrant form. We calculated that the salt desert of Rann of Kachch stored about ~3640 ton carbon at 0-15 cm soil depth. Fungi were absent and bacteria and actinomycetes were found in those soils. These highly saline soils of Rann of Kachchh can serve as a great sink for carbon sequestration with higher stability and help to achieve the goal of “4 per 1000” initiative.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Selected Cereals Grown Near Illegal Mine Sites at Poyentanga in Wa of the Upper West Region, Ghana
Authors: Sebiawu Godfred Etsey , Napolean Mensah Jackson , Amankwah Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

The contamination of cereals by heavy metals due to illegal mining activities in most farming communities has been a major challenge to food production in Ghana. The research is thus to examine bio-accumulation of heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pd) and Zinc (Zn)) concentration in Maize and Millet grown near illegal mining sites at Poyentanga. The study area was divided into five farming zones (farm 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and soil and crop samples were taken from each of the zones to the laboratory for analysis using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and the results compared to World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. The results indicated presence of the selected heavy metals in the cereals and soils sampled from the community. Cd, Pb and Fe concentrations in the cereals were found to be above the WHO permissible limits whereas As and Zn concentrations were below. The soil concentrations of all the five heavy metals were extremely below the WHO permissible limits. It was also observed that farms near the mining sites have higher concentrations with the concentration in the maize being lower than that of Millet. The contamination levels in both cereals are as follows: Zn < As < Fe < Pb < Cd. The bioaccumulation ratio indicated that Cd, As and Pb levels were higher in Millet whereas Fe and Zn were highest in the Maize. These results therefore show that the consumption of these cereals for a very long time could have adverse health effect on the community and an indication that activities of illegal mining could thus affect the quality and safety of food produced in many farming communities. The research was concluded with recommendations to improve agricultural activities in such communities.
Hemodynamic Characterization Of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension In A Rat
Authors: Konecny F.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Hemodynamic characterization of Pulmonary Artery (PA) hypertension helps to reveal progression of disease of pulmonary vasculature with constrictive remodeling of pulmonary arterioles, leading to right ventricle (RV) dysfunction and right sided HF failure. In this preclinical methodology article, surgical access, controlled mechanical ventilator set up and direct open chest measurements of PA hypertension is described, employing a rat model. Chronic PA injury was induced by single dose of monocrotaline (MCT).

Methods & Aims: Setting of controlled mechanical volume ventilation (CMVV) was adjusted to limit its influence on RV preload and LV afterload in the instance of chronic pulmonary disease. Volume-ventilation setting of tidal volume and respiration rate was based on body weight. Isoflurane monoanesthesia was used without any premedication. PA pressures were compared using single and dual pressure catheter at 3-weeks post injury. Initially, single pressure catheter was positioned in the PA to assess data quality, while advanced data comparison (RV and PA pressures) during PA hypertension were made using dual pressure catheter. PA access was performed using “high” RV needle-stab, adjacent to the anatomical area of the PA outflow.

Results: Introduction of single pressure catheter was successful and collected data during RV systole and diastole did not produce any major pressure artefacts. Final position in the main PA was guided by using visual cues i.e. distance of pressure sensor on the catheter, accompanied by simultaneous data recording from that location. In case of dual pressure catheter, RV and PA pressure data were successfully collected. During PA hypertension, systolic ranges were (41-52 mmHg) vs. naive (25-30 mmHg); diastolic (21-27 mmHg) vs. (9-14 mmHg); n=4. In PA hypertension, high afterload pressures complicated RV ejection, with PAP cresting about 1mmHg higher than the maximal RVP. During further assessment, RV ejection was complicated by higher PA dicrotic notch pressures, at the end of systole; for hypertension (37-41 mmHg) vs. naïve (16-21mmHg), n=4.

Conclusions: This study revealed that good rat pressure data could be collected from the main trunk of PA using an open chest supported by CMVV. In future, hemodynamic influence of respiratory pump in close chest setting and its influence on chronic PA hypertension needs to be analyzed using solid state pressure catheter. To accomplish this, pressure catheter design should be based on rat’s RV and its outflow anatomy.
Aggressive Angiomyxoma Of The External Ear In Children: An Extremely Rare Case
Authors: Mounji Houda , Elbouderkaoui Mohamed , Benfdil Malika , Rochdi Youssef , Nouri Hassan , Raji Abdelaziz
Published: June 2020

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a mesenchymal tumor arising from connective tissues with a predilection to the female pelvic soft parts. Cervico-facial localization remains rare .We report here the first case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the external ear of a 7 year old patient, which was treated successfully by surgical excision. The clinical and pathologic features and radiological aspects of this tumor are discussed.
Reconstructive Surgery Of Congenital And Acquired Iris Defects Carried Out Between 2012 And 2019 At A Private Medical Center In Poland
Authors: Cywinski Adam
Published: June 2020

Retrospective evaluation of the effects of surgical treatment of congenital and acquired iris defects. Procedures were performed by one surgeon in 47 patients, in 53 eyes. In the case of six eyes (three eyes were blind), a cosmetic procedure was performed. In some cases, iris implants were used. Congenital partial iris loss (coloboma) was treated using the author’s proprietary surgical technique. In many cases, iris surgery was combined with other eye surgery. The main reasons for performing the procedures included the desire to improve vision and eye aesthetics. In most cases the author obtained the intended effects through the use of iris suture techniques, without the use of iris implants. Proper qualification for the procedure, implementation of a specific suture technique and the presence of a sufficient amount of iris tissue constitute an element necessary to treat iris defects without the need for implants.
Serious Liver Trauma: Predictive Factors Of Therapeutic Choice And Prognostic Factors (About 65 Cases)
Authors: Elhattabi K. , Bachar A. , Bensardi F. Z. , Mourid K. , Fadil A.
Published: June 2020

The charge of the severe hepatic traumas underwent a radical change from exclusive surgical treatment to non-operative-based conservative approach that benefited from the recent advances in the field of imagery as well as from the follow-up strategies of intensive care.

A retrospective survey was carried out involving 65 patients treated for serious liver traumas in the surgical emergency department of Ibn Rochd university hospital of Casablanca.

The aim of this study is to assess our act refunding SLT through the definition of the evolutionary, therapeutic, diagnostic, and epidemiological data.

All  the penetrating and blunt SLT were included in this survey. The seriousness was defined by the hemodynamic instability and a lesion stage higher to III according to the MIRVIS rating. The clinical and paraclinical data as well as morbidity and mortality were analysed.

Traffic accidents were the main cause of SLT our series is mainly composed of young male subjects (54 men, 83%). There were 86% of blunt traumas (56 cases) there was common polytrauma (78,5%). Ultrasound and CT scans were performed to most patients (respectively 83% and 78%). Fifty one patients had non operative treatment (78,5%) whereas 14 patients underwent surgery. This option was due to their hemodynamic instability and not the hepatic trauma lesion stage in the operative group, the evolution was complicate in 35,7% of the operated patients whereas in the non operative group the complications supervened only in 23,5% of the cases. The mortality rate was respectively 28,5% versus 7,8% for the non operative treatment the NOT of the SLT allowed to obtain satisfactory results despite the seriousness of  the hepatic lesions.

It should be anted that the treatment choice was made mainly according to the hemodynamic condition and not to the radiological stage lesions

A genuine and precocious agreement among the surgeon, the anesthesiologist and the   interventional radiologist allowed to avoid the server complications following SLT so that the injured patient who could be initially rescued manage to escape first hour complications, and ultimately recover.
The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Elderly that attend Pilgrimage Centre, Elele, Nigeria
Authors: Eledo Benjamin Onyema , Tommy Edidiong , Onuoha Emmanuel , Dunga Kingsley , Okamgba Okezie
Published: June 2020

This study determined the prevalence of Rheumatoid arthritis in elderly people that attended pilgrimage center, Elele Rivers state, Nigeria. A total of 200 subjects attending the pilgrimage center were examined for Rhematoid Factor using Latex agglutination method. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. A prevalence of 4% was seen in the female subjects within the age bracket of 65-80 years and a prevalence of 1% was seen in the male subjects within the age bracket of 61-70 years. It showed that Rheumatoid arthritis was positive in 5% of the population and negative in 95% of the population, which was statistically significant (p< 0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant increase in the overall prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly subjects that attend pilgrimage center, Elele. Therefore proper care should be instituted to  avoid unnecessary complications associated with this ailment.
Knowledge Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia And Ultrasound Screening Among Non-Academic Males Of A University Community In Enugu, South- East, Nigeria
Authors: Kalu O. , Abubakar U. , Luntsi G. , Ohagwu C. C. , Nwodo V. K. , Anyawu C. , Ezeobollo M. O. , Ishiwu C. P. , Ochie M. C.
Published: June 2020

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a worldwide disorder among men. Studies have shown that high proportion of adult males have symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Nigeria. The aim of this work is to assess the knowledge of elderly men about prostatic hyperplasia and its implication which should prompt them to go for medical advice and also their knowledge of sonographic screening among males in the community. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted among non academics males of a University community in Enugu state south-East Nigeria, using a semi structured questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from participants in the study, acceptance to participate was considered as consent. The questionnaire had two sections, A and B. Section A assessed their demography including educational level and section B assessed the objectives of the study which included knowledge of signs and symptoms as well as the risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The respondents with higher education had better knowledge of the disorder than those with lower education. A range of 75.4% to 96.7% with a mean of 85.6% (x = 85%) did not know the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A range of 59.2% to 97.5% with a mean of 67.2% (x = 67.2%) did not know the risk factors. 52.1% did not know that simple ultrasound screening could be carried out for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The knowledge of the signs and symptoms as well as the risk factors for BPH was higher among the more educated subjects. Generally, the knowledge was also poor among the educated. Therefore, apart from formal education, other forms of education are necessary to raise the knowledge in order to prompt the elderly men to seek medical advice. General education on benign prostatic hyperplasia to the public for both educated and lesser educated will enhance time of presentation for medical advise and hence better prognosis.