bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient oil–water emulsion separation using chitosan hydrogel-coated aluminium electrodes
Authors: Bairagi Anup Kumar , Puthiyonnan Rahul Raj , Mohapatra Soumya Sanjeeb , Sahoo Abanti
Published: April 2024

The escalating consumption of crude oil, driven by rapid industrialization, poses a significant threat to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Addressing the treatment of oily wastewater is imperative, given the environmental consequences and the loss of oil feedstock. Methods such as centrifugation, gravity separation, and chemical–physical membrane separation have limitations in handling stable emulsions, especially microemulsions present in water. In this study, we present an innovative approach utilizing electricity for the coagulation process. Electrocoagulation is employed, and the resulting oil particles are efficiently removed through low-tech physical methods such as sedimentation and filtration. To enhance efficiency and reusability, we introduce chitosan hydrogel-coated aluminium electrodes in the electrocoagulation process. The research demonstrates remarkable success, achieving a 99% efficiency in separating artificial oil–water emulsions. Optimal separation (95.85%) is achieved at a 10 mm inter-electrode distance, and efficiency increases with higher oil content, longer electrocoagulation time (up to 99.15% at 60 min), and increased voltage (up to 85% at 50 V). The chitosan-coated electrodes offer a sustainable and cost-effective solution by improving reusability and mitigating the need for frequent changes. These findings underscore the significance of electrocoagulation, particularly with chitosan-coated aluminium electrodes, as an efficient and eco-friendly method crucial for addressing oil removal in industrial processes.
Reusing drainage water for leaching of saline and sodic soils in the Khuzestan province, Iran
Authors: Shahrayini Elham , Ebrahimi Eisa , Kamyab Taraneh , Asilianmahabadi Aliakbar , Hamid Arieann Ali , Amirinejad Aliashraf
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing drainage water for reclamation of saline and sodic soils in the Dosalagh plain of Khuzestan province, Iran. With significant drainage water generated in the region's irrigation networks, repurposing it for soil reclamation emerges is a low-risk strategy. Leaching, a practical technique for soil desalination, was examined using the double ring method at depths up to 150 cm. Four water qualities (electrical conductivities of 2.12, 7, 25 and 40 dS m−1) and depths (0, 25, 50 and 75 cm) were tested, with intermittent leaching over three cycles. Results indicate a substantial reduction in electrical conductivity (117.7 to 29 dS m−1) and sodium content (1415.9 to 39.83 mEq L−1) at the 0-25 cm depth with drainage water incorporation. The study highlights the beneficial impact on soil quality, emphasizing decreased sodium content, sodium adsorption ratio, and electrical conductivity. Overall, reusing drainage water proves advantageous for soils with high salinity levels, showcasing its potential for sustainable soil management in saline regions. This research underscores the importance of effective drainage water management for soil reclamation and agricultural sustainability in arid regions like Khuzestan province.
Prediction of water consumption in Beijing based on the multi-variable grey model with adjacent accumulation
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Zhen , Zhang Dandan , Liu Xin
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of the social economy, the importance of water resources is becoming increasingly prominent. Urban water demand in Beijing has been growing rapidly. Accurate water consumption forecasting is of utmost importance for reasonable allocation and optimization of water supply systems. In this study, an innovative multi-variable grey prediction model with adjacent accumulation (AOGM(1,N)) is proposed to predict Beijing's annual water consumption for four different water usage scenarios (domestic water, agricultural water, industrial water, and environmental water) by incorporating the adjacent accumulation into the optimized grey model. Grey relational analysis is used to select the key influence factors. The adjustable parameter of the prediction model is chosen by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. By comparing with other models in the existing literature, the proposed AOGM(1,N) model has evidently superior prediction performance based on the error indicators, which supports the novel method's merits and validity. This study could help us better understand water usage and be applied to the planning and management problems of urban water supply systems.
Herbicide Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and their Symbiosis with Weeds and Crop Plants
Authors: Guralchuk Zhanna , Morderer Yevgeniy , Cano Custodia , Bago Alberto
Published: April 2024

Weeds are a serious problem in agriculture, causing major losses in crop
production. Chemical methods for weed control, including herbicide use, may have a
harmful impact not only on untargeted plants but also on other beneficial organisms,
such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which form with plant roots, one of the
most widespread symbioses on Earth. AMF forms a profuse mycorrhizal mycelial
network that explores and scavenges the soil for nutrients and water and links
neighbouring plants, thus supporting the transfer of nutrients from one plant to another.

This chapter focuses on the interrelationships between weeds and cultivated plants
through mycorrhizal networks, as well as on possible herbicide-mediated changes in
fungal and plant communities. An overview of the influence of herbicides showing the
different modes of action on the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal
(AM) symbiosis is given. Different issues, such as direct and indirect effects of
herbicides on the abundance and diversity of AMF, impact and species-specific
responses of AMF to herbicides, and other factors (i.e., mode of action, rate,
application method) influencing the effect of herbicides on the abundance and diversity
of AMF and AM formation are considered. The possible protective effect of AM
symbiosis on crops due to alleviation of herbicide-mediated stress is considered, which
could be an important clue for increasing herbicide efficiency. Indeed, in this sense, the
use of modern molecular biological tools seems promising.
Soil Mycorrhiza: Overview, Evolution, Agricultural, and Commercial Applications
Authors: Raji Mol R. P. , Karthika K. S. , Philip Prabha Susan , Chandrakala M.
Published: April 2024

Mycorrhiza, meaning fungus root, is a typical example of an endophytic
biotrophic and symbiotic relationship rampant in most cultivated and natural
ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi are fungal species that are closely associated with plant
roots, forming a symbiotic relationship resembling legume-rhizobium symbiosis with
the plant providing carbohydrates for the fungi and the fungi providing mineral
nutrients such as phosphorus and zinc to the plants. Mycorrhizae can enhance the
growth of plant roots and even the whole plant system. In addition to nutrient transport,
mycorrhizal associations can also impart considerable plant disease resistance against
certain plant pathogens. Because of their greater surface area, mycorrhizae can improve
plant vigour and soil quality. This chapter deals with the origin and evolution of
mycorrhiza using paleontological evidence and phylogenetic analysis of its evolution
and its agricultural and commercial applications. Mycorrhizae are important
biofertilizers that improve plant nutrition and, thus, productivity by imparting tolerance
and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses and improving soil structure fertility and
health and quality.
Industrial Aspects of Soil Microbes
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Dubey Shivani
Published: April 2024

The multifaceted potential of soil microorganisms is being exploited in
various fields like agriculture, food and cosmetic industries, for the sustainability of the
environment and in the industrial production of useful compounds. On the one hand,
these microorganisms play an essential role in the nutrient cycling of minerals like
phosphorus and nitrogen that are crucial for their survival and sustenance, along with
making the soil fertile by releasing important growth-promoting hormones like
ethylene, auxin, and cytokinin. On the other hand, the potential of soil actinomycetes
like Dactylosporangium, Ampullariella, Actinoplanes, Actinomadura, and
Actinosynnema is being explored extensively for the industrial production of new lifesaving antibiotics. Many of the enzyme producing species like Streptomyces ruber, S.
lividan, and S. rutgersensis are used in supplements for detergents, textiles, animal
additives, paper, and pulp. Xanthomonas produces xanthan gum, which is used to
thicken and stabilize foods and cosmetics. Screening desired microorganisms and
manipulating them to obtain maximum production is a crucial step in industrial
production. Hence, it can be concluded that soil microorganisms are important for
diverse metabolite production useful in agriculture and industry as well as having the
capability to transform recalcitrant compounds to reduce environmental pollution.
Microbial Biotransformation in Steroids Production
Authors: Singh Soni , Kottiyal Parul Bhatt , Rawat Archana , Verma Neeraj
Published: April 2024

Biocatalysis is also widely applicable for the enhancement of bioprocess
productivity, selectivity of target reactions, and production of valuable chemicals,
pharmaceutical ingredients, precursors, and key intermediates. The vast majority of
such enzymes are of microbial origin and include dehydrogenases, oxygenases,
hydrolases, transferases, and lyases. These enzymes may introduce minor molecule
changes, such as the insertion of a hydroxyl or keto function or the saturation or
desaturation of a complex cyclic structure. Microorganisms and cell suspension
cultures of the plant are applied in biotransformations of steroidal drugs to generate
high regio-and stereo-selective products. Studies of steroid modifications catalyzed by
microbial or plant cell cultures represent a well-established research approach and
methodology in biotechnology. Bioconversion can occur at a position of the steroid
molecule that is rarely accessible to chemical agents; the molecule can function
stereospecifically, and several reactions can be completed in a single biotechnological
step.
Interaction of Plant-parasitic Nematode and Filamentous Fungi: an Insight Story of Mechanism Involved and Tool for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Pervez Rashid , Danish Mohammad , Verma Neeraj
Published: April 2024

Phytoparasitic nematodes are highly dangerous to the global agricultural
production of a variety of crops. Chemical nematode overuse necessitates the creation
of new nematode control strategies. Filamentous fungi could be a feasible biocontrol
alternative in this case. Trichoderma, mycorrhizae, and endophytic fungi are the most
common filamentous fungi studied and used as biological control agents (BCAs)
against nematodes as resistance inducers. Several pathways have been linked to the
biocontrol effect of fungi on plant-parasitic nematodes. Increased plant tolerance, direct
competition for nutrients and space, induced systemic resistance (ISR), and altered
rhizosphere interactions are all possible pathways. Several mechanisms, as well as a
detailed discussion of their plausibility in the biocontrol of plant-parasitic nematodes,
in particular, have been postulated. Mycorrhizal fungi are not yet widely utilized in
conventional agriculture, but recent data is assisting in the development of a better
understanding of the mechanisms of action. This will eventually lead to mycorrhizal
fungi being used in the field to combat plant-parasitic nematodes.
Clinical Utility and Usability of the Digital Box and Block Test: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Prochaska Eveline , Ammenwerth Elske
Published: April 2024

Background

The Box and Block Test (BBT) is a clinical tool used to measure hand dexterity, which is often used for tracking disease progression or the effectiveness of therapy, particularly benefiting older adults and those with neurological conditions. Digitizing the measurement of hand function may enhance the quality of data collection. We have developed and validated a prototype that digitizes this test, known as the digital BBT (dBBT), which automatically measures time and determines and displays the test result.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility and usability of the newly developed dBBT and to collect suggestions for future improvements.

Methods

A total of 4 occupational therapists participated in our study. To evaluate the clinical utility, we compared the dBBT to the BBT across dimensions such as acceptance, portability, energy and effort, time, and costs. We observed therapists using the dBBT as a dexterity measurement tool and conducted a quantitative usability questionnaire using the System Usability Scale (SUS), along with a focus group. Evaluative, structured, and qualitative content analysis was used for the qualitative data, whereas quantitative analysis was applied to questionnaire data. The qualitative and quantitative data were merged and analyzed using a convergent mixed methods approach.

Results

Overall, the results of the evaluative content analysis suggested that the dBBT had a better clinical utility than the original BBT, with ratings of all collected participant statements for the dBBT being 45% (45/99) equal to, 48% (48/99) better than, and 6% (6/99) lesser than the BBT. Particularly in the subcategories “acceptance,” “time required for evaluation,” and “purchase costs,” the dBBT was rated as being better than the original BBT. The dBBT achieved a mean SUS score of 83 (95% CI 76-96). Additionally, several suggested changes to the system were identified.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated an overall positive evaluation of the clinical utility and usability of the dBBT. Valuable insights were gathered for future system iterations. These pioneering results highlight the potential of digitizing hand dexterity assessments.
Using the Natural Language Processing System Medical Named Entity Recognition-Japanese to Analyze Pharmaceutical Care Records: Natural Language Processing Analysis
Authors: Ohno Yukiko , Kato Riri , Ishikawa Haruki , Nishiyama Tomohiro , Isawa Minae , Mochizuki Mayumi , Aramaki Eiji , Aomori Tohru
Published: April 2024

Background

Large language models have propelled recent advances in artificial intelligence technology, facilitating the extraction of medical information from unstructured data such as medical records. Although named entity recognition (NER) is used to extract data from physicians’ records, it has yet to be widely applied to pharmaceutical care records.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of automatic extraction of the information regarding patients’ diseases and symptoms from pharmaceutical care records. The verification was performed using Medical Named Entity Recognition-Japanese (MedNER-J), a Japanese disease-extraction system designed for physicians’ records.

Methods

MedNER-J was applied to subjective, objective, assessment, and plan data from the care records of 49 patients who received cefazolin sodium injection at Keio University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. The performance of MedNER-J was evaluated in terms of precision, recall, and F1-score.

Results

The F1-scores of NER for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan data were 0.46, 0.70, 0.76, and 0.35, respectively. In NER and positive-negative classification, the F1-scores were 0.28, 0.39, 0.64, and 0.077, respectively. The F1-scores of NER for objective (0.70) and assessment data (0.76) were higher than those for subjective and plan data, which supported the superiority of NER performance for objective and assessment data. This might be because objective and assessment data contained many technical terms, similar to the training data for MedNER-J. Meanwhile, the F1-score of NER and positive-negative classification was high for assessment data alone (F1-score=0.64), which was attributed to the similarity of its description format and contents to those of the training data.

Conclusions

MedNER-J successfully read pharmaceutical care records and showed the best performance for assessment data. However, challenges remain in analyzing records other than assessment data. Therefore, it will be necessary to reinforce the training data for subjective data in order to apply the system to pharmaceutical care records.
Macrotemporal Variables Influence the Effect of a mHealth Intervention for Adolescent Physical Activity (Preprint)
Authors: Cushing Christopher , Ortega Adrian , Fedele David , Carlson Jordan , Davis Ann , Smyth Joshua
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Background: An adaptive text messaging intervention to promote adolescent physical activity has demonstrated encouraging feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in a recent proof-of-concept study. To inform future intervention development, a secondary analysis of the data examined how physical activity is influenced by mood, environment, and physical feelings of energy and fatigue.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: To understand how both macro- and microtemporal variables (e.g.., psychological and environmental variables at both levels) influence the efficacy of a brief mHealth intervention (i.e., NUDGE) for physical activity.

METHODS

Methods: Using a matched control design, we evaluated the effect of daily positive and negative affect, perceptions of the weather, energy, and fatigue as moderators of the effect of the intervention on 21 intervention participants and 21 matched controls.

RESULTS

Results: Consistent with study hypotheses, macrotemporal (levels of the variable on a three-week timescale) moderators of intervention effectiveness were observed for positive affect (p < .001), negative affect (p = 0.031), energy (p < .001), fatigue (p < .001), and perceived weather barriers (p < .001) for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. These effects were more consistently observed for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than for sedentary behavior, which was only significant for energy (p < .001). No effects for microtemporal (variables at the day level) were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: There appears to be an optimization opportunity for mHealth physical activity interventions that can be achieved by personalizing intervention features and content based on approximately monthly assessments of affect, physical feeling states, and perceived weather barriers.
Improving how caregivers of people living with dementia are identified in the electronic health record:
A qualitative study and exploratory chart review (Preprint)
Authors: Green Ariel R. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Rosado Rosalphie Quiles , Daddato Andrea E. , Gleason Kathy S. , McPhail Tobie E. , Blinka Marcela D. , Schoenborn Nancy L. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Bayliss Elizabeth A. , Boxer Rebecca S.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Family and unpaid caregivers play a crucial role in supporting people living with dementia (PLWD), yet they are not systematically identified and documented by health systems.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the extent to which caregivers are currently identified and documented in the electronic health record (EHR), and to elicit the perspectives of caregivers and clinical staff on how to best identify, engage, and support caregivers of PLWD through the EHR.

METHODS

PLWD were identified based on ICD-10 codes or dementia medications in the EHR. Chart review of PLWD characterized how caregiver information was documented and whether caregivers had shared access to the patient portal. Caregivers of eligible PLWD were then recruited through mailed letters and follow up calls to the PLWD’s home. We conducted semi-structured interviews with caregivers, clinicians and staff involved in the care of PLWD within two health systems in Maryland and Colorado. Transcripts were analyzed using a mixed inductive and deductive approach.

RESULTS

Caregivers of PLWD were usually identified in the “contact information” or “patient contacts" tab (n = 20; 91%) by their name and relation to the PLWD; this tab did not specify the caregiver’s role. Caregivers were also mentioned and their roles described to a varying degree in clinical notes (n = 21; 96%). Of the 22 caregivers interviewed, the majority (n=17; 77%) reported that the PLWD had additional caregivers. The presence of multiple caregivers could be gleaned from most charts (n=16; 73%); however, this information was not captured systematically and caregivers’ individual contributions were not explicitly recorded. Interviews with 22 caregivers and 16 clinical staff revealed two major themes: 1) Caregiving arrangements are complex and not systematically captured or easy to locate in the EHR; 2) Health systems should develop standardized processes to obtain and document caregiver information in the EHR.

CONCLUSIONS

This exploratory chart review and qualitative interview study found that PLWD frequently have multiple caregivers, whose roles and needs are captured inconsistently in the EHR. To address this concern, caregivers and clinical staff suggested that health systems should develop and test workflows to identify caregivers, assess their needs at multiple touchpoints, and record their information in extractable EHR fields.
Development and Initial Evaluation of a Digital Phenotype Collection System for Adolescents: Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cho Minseo , Park Doeun , Choo Myounglee , Kim Jinwoo , Han Doug Hyun
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The growing concern on adolescent mental health calls for proactive early detection and intervention strategies. There is a recognition of the link between digital phenotypes and mental health, drawing attention to their potential use. However, the process of collecting digital phenotype data presents challenges despite its promising prospects.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and validate system concepts for collecting adolescent digital phenotypes that effectively manage inherent challenges in the process.

METHODS

In a formative investigation (N=34), we observed adolescent self-recording behaviors and conducted interviews to develop design goals. These goals were then translated into system concepts, which included planners resembling interfaces, simplified data input with tags, visual reports on behaviors and moods, and supportive ecological momentary assessment (EMA) prompts. A proof-of-concept study was conducted over 2 weeks (n=16), using tools that simulated the concepts to record daily activities and complete EMA surveys. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated through semistructured interviews, supplemented by an analysis of the frequency of records and responses.

RESULTS

The interview findings revealed overall satisfaction with the system concepts, emphasizing strong support for self-recording. Participants consistently maintained daily records throughout the study period, with no missing data. They particularly valued the recording procedures that aligned well with their self-recording goal of time management, facilitated by the interface design and simplified recording procedures. Visualizations during recording and subsequent report viewing further enhanced engagement by identifying missing data and encouraging deeper self-reflection. The average EMA compliance reached 72%, attributed to a design that faithfully reflected adolescents’ lives, with surveys scheduled at convenient times and supportive messages tailored to their daily routines. The high compliance rates observed and positive feedback from participants underscore the potential of our approach in addressing the challenges of collecting digital phenotypes among adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS

Integrating observations of adolescents’ recording behavior into the design process proved to be beneficial for developing an effective and highly compliant digital phenotype collection system.
Leprosy Health Promotion during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Tri , Wicitra Anindita , Lestari Yeni Dwi , Irawati Yunia , Bani Anna Puspitasari , Andayani Gitalisa , Susiyanti Made , Daniel Hisar , Puspitasari Sitha Anisa
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many conventional -face-to-face health promotion events to be conducted in an adaptive manner to keep healthcare in promotion, prevention, and even curative measures delivered to healthcare providers and patients. The same applies to leprosy, where Indonesia is still ranked as the third largest country with leprosy burden. This study aims to give rise to newer methods of health promotion on leprosy during this COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Online training and case presentation workshop in the form of a KATAMATAKU webinar [MOU1] and live streaming via YouTube were held in August 2020. There were 120 general practitioners, 30 nurses, and 35 healthcare providers who registered and joined this event.[MOU2]  Pre- and post-test [MOU3] were conducted to evaluate the participants' knowledge about the topics lectured during this training[MOU4] . Pre- and post-test were conducted using an online form, and all participants needed to answer several questions from each session. Participants were evaluated before the webinar began and after all sessions. We assessed the different scores from the pre- and post-test. Results: In the general practitioner group, median scores were 68 (27 – 95) and 82 (50 – 100) for pre- and post-test scores, respectively, with a mean difference between post and pre-test of 14.23+9.72. In nurses and other health care providers, the median for the pre-test score was 56 (22-89), and the post-test was 72 (39 – 100), with a mean difference between the post and pre-test of 18.93+10.27. Conclusion: In the pandemic situation, online seminars can be chosen as an effective method for health promotion to increase health care provider's knowledge. Pre- and post-test can be performed to evaluate participant's knowledge after the training. Regular training using online methods can be held in order to maintain participants' knowledge. We hope it can impact all health providers to continue their participation in the management of leprosy.
Relationships between self-efficacy, health belief, and self-care among type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rosyida Ratna Wirawati
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients need to be empowered to manage their conditions. Some factors that affected the empowerment of diabetes mellitus patients were self-efficacy, health beliefs, and self-care. Self-efficacy positively correlates with health belief and self-care among patients with type 2 DM. However, such evidence is still limited in the Health Care Centers, especially in Yogyakarta. This research aimed to identify self-efficacy and the relationship between health belief and self-care among Type 2 DM patients. Methods: This is a correlative analytical of quantitative research using the cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was used to collect the samples, which were 83 patients who belonged to the inclusion criteria. This research was conducted in the Primary Health Center in Bantul Yogyakarta between April and May. The statistical tests used the Spearman rank correlation test due to the abnormal distribution. Results: The mean of self-efficacy, health belief, and self-care were 84.9±9.3; 105,1±7,2; 67,8±7,7, respectively. There was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and health belief at the value of p<0.000, and there was a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care at the value of p<0.000. Conclusion: Positive correlations were achieved between self-efficacy and health belief and between self-efficacy and self-care in diabetes mellitus patients.
Assessment of health status, utilization, and out-of-pocket expenditure among the elderly in Ngestiharjo, Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Hafidz Firdaus
Published: April 2024

Background: As the population ages, it is increasingly crucial to develop community-centered health interventions. This study aims to describe and assess sociodemographic information, health characteristics, health utilization, and out-of-pocket expenses among older people in Ngestiharjo Village, Bantul, Yogyakarta. It was part of an initiative to empower community health workers to understand and address the health needs of older people. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to July 2023 involving 330 participants, with a targeted sample size of 356 elderly individuals. Data on sociodemographics, health status, health utilization, and expenditure were collected through interviews with older people or their companions. Results: Preliminary data showed that most participants were female (58.77%), married (64.91%), and primarily received health information from health workers (47.37%). Hypertension and joint and bone diseases were prevalent, with 16.67% likely experiencing depression. 11.4% of the respondents were hospitalized in the past year, with an average of 2.15 hospitalizations. Private hospitals (69.23%) were the most common healthcare facilities used for hospitalization, and 76.92% consistently utilized health insurance. The average out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization was 437,500 IDR. Community health centers (36.36%) and private hospitals (45.45%) were predominantly used for outpatient care, and 77.27% always used health insurance. The average out-of-pocket expenditure for outpatient care was 126,200 IDR. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of empowering community health workers to effectively disseminate health information, fortify integrated health posts, manage common health issues, and tackle barriers to healthcare utilization and expenditures among older people.
Antibacterial Activity of Euphorbia tirucalli against Lactobacillus acidophilus: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bang Vania Christina Budiono , Hapsari Rebriarina , Kusuma Ira Anggar
Published: April 2024

Dental caries is a common oral disease that occurs due to excessive interaction between tooth structure, bacterial biofilm, and glucose. Lactobacillus acidophilus is the main cause of dentin dental caries, which can be prevented using anticaries agents. However, current anticaries agents may cause some side effects. Therefore, there is a need for natural anticaries agents with minimal side effects. Euphorbia tirucalli contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that contribute to its antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of E. tirucalli against L. acidophilus bacterial growth. This was an in-vitro study with a post-test-only control group design, divided into three groups. The positive control group received 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate, the negative control group received aquadest, and the intervention groups received extracts with concentrations of 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was examined post-treatment using the agar dilution method. The differences in colony growth were analyzed using Cramer's V and Fisher's Exact Test, with p<0.05 considered significant. E. tirucalli extracts showed antibacterial effects against L. acidophilus with a concentration of 40 mg/mL as the MIC. Extract groups with concentrations of 40 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL showed significant differences in L. acidophilus growth compared to the negative control group (p<0.001). The study concluded that E. tirucalli extract has antibacterial activity against the growth of L. acidophilus, with MIC of 40 mg/mL.
Sleep Disorder and its Treatment: From Nature to Laboratory
Authors: Varshney Mohit , Saha Supriyo , Prinsa Prinsa , Jakhmola Vikash
Published: April 2024

Sleep is the natural cellular repair mechanism to improve and restore central neural mechanism, memory, hormonal imbalance, and finally, cell rejuvenation. Sleep disorder is characterized by insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder (CRD), sleep apnea, narcolepsy, parasomnia, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) or periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Both oversleeping and less sleeping are associated with sleep disorders (SD). Anxiety, schizophrenia, weight loss/gain, hypothyroidism, and oxidative stress are the most common outcomes of SD. There is also a genetic explanation behind circadian rhythmicity, circadian disorder, narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and somnambulism. Excessive work pressure, stress, and consumption of caffeine and alcohol collectively push a person toward sleep deprivation. Anxiety, schizophrenia, weight loss/gain, hypothyroidism, and oxidative stress are the most common outcomes of SD. Adenosine, melatonin, dopamine, serotonin, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), orexin, and histamine regulate SDs by various pathways. Among natural sources, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Acorus calamus, Withania somnifera, Nardostachys jatamansi, Poria cocos is, Valeriana officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula angustifolia, Nelumbo nucifera, Melissa officinalis, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Camellia sinensis, Ziziphus jujube, Datura stramonium, Zhizhipus jujube, Passiflora incarnata, and Moringa oleifera showed remarkable effects on different forms of SDs through GABAA, serotonin, and melatonin receptors. Pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, clonazepam, lorazepam, estazolam, zolpidem, lemborexant, daridorexant, and suvorexant showed its activity in the treatment of SDs as a dopamine agonist, inhibitor of GABAA receptor, dual orexin receptor antagonist, respectively. This article focused on the types of SDs, the effects of SDs on mental health, receptors involved in the sleep cycle, and the impact of natural molecules and synthetic molecules in the management of SDs.
A Comparative Study of the English Versions of A Little Incident from the Perspective of Translator’s Subjectivity
Authors: Zhou Qiangsheng
Published: April 2024

In translation practice, the translator is not only one of the main subjects, but an indispensable factor. The translator’s subjectivity is mainly concerned with the translator’s subjective consciousness, which actually includes two aspects: the translator’s understanding of the original text and the choice of the target language in the translation process. Under the guidance of this theory, translation studies have shifted from the author-centered to the translator-centered, and scholars have turned their attention to the study of the translator’s subjectivity. From the perspective of translator’s subjectivity, this paper will make a comparative study of several versions. Combining the three characteristics of translator’s subjectivity, this paper studies the language style, cultural understanding and subjective initiative of different translators in different translations of A Little Incident, so as to bring readers aesthetic reading experience and feelings. In addition, the author will analyze the translation strategies, words and sentence patterns, such as positive and negative translation, addition translation and reduction translation, in order to show how the translator chooses the appropriate diction, then to the original understanding, perception, comprehensive use of close reading, analysis, interpretation, to achieve the credibility and elegance, to meet the ideological needs of readers. In a word, the translator should give full play to the translator’s subjectivity and make his own contribution to spreading Chinese culture and civilization on the premise of respecting the original text and author.
Heathcliff’s Demonization: A Reading of Wuthering Heights
Authors: Feng Bei , Feng Bo
Published: April 2024

Emily Brontë, the nineteenth-century English woman writer, together with her first and only published novel, Wuthering Heights, has always been a riddle in the history of British literature. Critics and readers are all curious about why a female writer should create such a merciless and malicious demon as Heathcliff in her novel. This paper explores Heathcliff’s demonization from three aspects: the root and inspiration of demonization as well as Heathcliff’s aspiration after a life of eternal bliss. On one hand, the repressions Heathcliff suffers from the society, culture, family and even himself are the roots of his demonization, while on the other, his rebellious spirit inspires his demonization. Unfortunately, no matter how thoroughly he rebels, he still can’t get satisfied or feel happy until starving himself to death, the only way for him to achieve a life of eternal bliss.
Energy Conservation in Institutional Buildings: A Case Study in India
Authors: Singh Gulab
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Energy consumption is an important aspect with respect to operating costs of buildings. Modern buildings are being designed considering their energy performance and carbon footprints. However, there is scope to reduce the energyconsumption and carbon footprints in existing old buildings by suitable retrofitting. A case study is discussed where in the energy audit of an academic institution in northern India revealed several opportunities where energy consumption can be reduced considerably. This paper presents the analysis to achieve about 33% reductions in energy consumption and around 178 tons reduction in carbon footprint in an institutional building, Govt. Girls College Buildings Village Palwal Kurukshetra, India. It recommends measures that can be implemented with moderate investments and payback period. Another important feature is the utilization of roof-tops of institute building to install solar PV power plants apart from retrofitting measures. Presently 7% energy requirement is being met through installed solar PV power plant on the rooftop of institute building. Afterinstalling such power plants at all the roof-tops of building about 25% of energy needs can be met by solar energy source.
Optimizing Machine Selection and Cost of Quality: A Comprehensive Approach for Enhanced Industrial Efficiency and Economic Growth
Authors: Kumar Rohit
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In today's modern industrial economy, selecting suitable machinery and efficiently managing quality costs are critical for achieving sustainable growth and competitiveness. This research paper presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing machine selection and cost of quality (COQ) within industrial operations. The study commences by delineating the criteria for machine selection and determining their respective weights using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Subsequently, the VIKOR method is applied to select the most suitable machine based on the established criteria and weights. Moreover, the paper explores the concept of COQ, underscoring its importance as a performance measurement tool for organizations. The research investigates various strategies for minimizing quality-related expenses and maximizing benefits, including defect prevention, quality assurance, and continuous improvement initiatives. A case study analysis, focusing on the selection between mechanical cutting CNC machines and laser cutting CNC machines, provides practical insights into the implementation of the proposed methodologies. Real data analysis of cost and quality metrics, coupled with formula-based calculations, offers valuable insights into the decision-making process. The research underscores the significance of market analysis and leveraging modern technology trends to inform machine selection decisions. Overall, the findings contribute to enhancing industrial efficiency and promoting economic growth by facilitating informed decision-making in machine selection and COQ management
A Study on Customer Awareness Towards Sustainable Packaging and Its Utilization
Authors: Mistry Faaz
Published: April 2024

Abstract: "Sustainable packaging is a comprehensive approach to packaging design and production that seeks to minimize environmental impact while still meeting the functional needs of packaging." This includes the use of renewable, recyclable, or biodegradable materials to minimize overall packaging waste. The use of recycled paper, cardboard, bioplastics, and compostable materials can be utilized to achieve this goal, along with innovative design methods like lightweighting and right-sizing to minimize packaging. The circular economy is a fundamental principle of sustainable packaging, where materials are recycled or composted after their lifetime. The process involves collaborating from raw material suppliers to manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. Consumers have increasingly called for sustainable packaging in recent years due to growing awareness of the harmful effects of packaging waste. Businesses have increasingly adopted sustainable packaging as a strategy to decrease their environmental impact and enhance brand image, which has also been observed. Nonetheless, the application of sustainable packaging solutions can be problematic due to the high cost associated with research and development initiatives, as well as changes in infrastructure and processes. Sustainability may require balancing other factors like cost, performance, and shelf life. Despite these obstacles, the advantages of sustainable packaging are evident. This method not only reduces waste that goes to landfill and conserves resources, but also results in reduced material and transportation expenses for businesses. Ultimately, it is imperative to make packaging more sustainable and contribute to the environment and social responsibility. Businesses can reduce their environmental impact and meet consumer demands for more sustainable products by adopting sustainable practices.
Face Recognition Based Attendance System
Authors: Shinde Sejal
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In the field of image analysis and computer vision, one of the most arduous tasks presently considered is Face recognition. The biometric system which basically works on the principle of face recognition is used for the identification or verification of a person from a digitalized image preferably used in surveillance, security and attendance purpose. Face Recognition is becoming more popular than other biometric verification methods due to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, and lack of touch. The system’s major goal is to identify and recognize faces in a real-time environment, match them with data in the database, and record their attendance. This is intended to make the time-consuming manual attendance process more efficient. The main building block on which all automated systems concerned with human faces are designed is face detection. In many person-system user interfaces, precise face identification is important; the real implication is the precise approach to face identification.
A Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for X and Ku Frequency Bands for Satellite Communication Applications.
Authors: Vinodia Ayushi
Published: April 2024

In the present research, a novel 3 cut-pentagon dual-band antenna design has been introduced, and its attributes and performance are enhanced through the use of a specialized substrate called "Jeans" with a permittivity of 1.7. The conducting element employed is copper tape. The design and study of a dual-band wearable antenna optimized for X and Ku frequency bands, specifically tailored for satellite communications applications. The antenna is engineered to offer reliable and efficient performance within the X-band (6.31 GHz) and Ku-band (8.07 GHz) and extended resonant frequency 12.118GHz facilitating seamless connectivity in satellite communication networks. The board size is 43x25.5 mm^2. The Bandwidth for the first band of the suggested antenna is 37.58% for the frequency range between 5.87 GHz. To 8.587 GHz and the bandwidth for the second band is 12.85% for the frequency range 11.447 GHz to 13.02 GHz. The dual-band wearable antenna, which operates in two frequency bands, is created and simulated using CST software
Indonesia's responsibility towards Rohingya refugees: analysis of the 1951 Refugee Convention
Authors: Gunawan Yordan , Novendra Carissa Shifa , Febrila Aldha
Published: April 2024

The Acehnese people refused the boat carrying more than 200 Rohingya migrants in early 2024; therefore, UNHCR is pleading with the Indonesian authorities to allow them to disembark. The UNHCR report states that there are currently 1,608 Aceh refugees, including 140 survivors from the previous year. People are increasingly worried about the impact of the significant influx of Rohingya individuals in Aceh. Indonesia's acceptance of those seeking safety for humanitarian reasons has significantly affected the Acehnese population. Indonesia is being pressured to provide assistance to Rohingya refugees despite not being a signatory to the Refugee Convention. The issue at hand is whether Indonesia is legally obligated to help Rohingya refugees under the Refugee Convention. This study utilized normative legal research, commonly known as document analysis involving a qualitative examination of secondary data sources. The investigation included sources such as books, papers, and treaties, specifically focusing on the Refugee Convention of 1951. Indonesia, as it is not a signatory to the Refugee Convention, does not have a legal duty to aid the Rohingya refugees in Aceh based on the Refugee Convention. This study employed normative legal research, analyzing documents qualitatively with secondary sources like books, articles, and treaties, notably the 1951 Refugee Convention. Consequently, since Indonesia has not ratified the Refugee Convention, it is not bound by legal obligations to assist the Rohingya refugees in Aceh. However, Indonesia still maintains a responsibility according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Cobertura vacinal da BCG, VIP e tríplice viral em uma década: houve aumento ou diminuição da cobertura?
Authors: Fabbri Felipe , Rabito Lucas Benedito Fogaça , Rodrigues Raíssa Aparecida Pagliarini Waidman Paroschi , Brandão Mônica Mendonça , Gil Nelly Lopes de Moraes , Sanches Rafaely de Cássia Nogueira
Published: April 2024

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os dados da cobertura vacinal da BCG, VIP e Tríplice Viral no Brasil, entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, com utilização de dados epidemiológicos disponíveis publicamente no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os dados coletados dentre o período selecionado foram analisados descritivamente, concluindo-se que a adesão a vacinação vem caindo nos últimos anos, gerando um grande risco para a reintrodução de doenças já controladas ou erradicadas em território nacional. Nos últimos 10 anos, apresenta queda, atingindo em 2016 sua menor taxa anual, de 50,44%, e um novo declínio em 2020. O ano com maior CV foi 2015 com 95,07% de total. Houve uma queda geral das coberturas após o ano de 2015 e permanecendo abaixo do ideal, sendo a vacina da BCG a única exceção. Vacinas com esquemas integrado de mais de uma dose apresentaram uma queda da taxa entre a primeira dose e seu reforço. É possível observar que a região Centro-oeste e Sul apresentam as maiores taxas para as vacinas em questão enquanto o estado norte mantém os piores valores. Os valores encontrados nesta pesquisa demonstram que a partir de 2016 a efetividade do PNI vem diminuindo em todo território nacional, sendo que a maior taxa entre os estados foi a do Centro-oeste com 79,24%.