bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiclass Classification and Identification of the External Eye Diseases using Deep CNN
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Haramaya University, Ethiopia, Rashid Faizur , Abate Jamal , Abdi Afendi
Published: March 2024

Objective: These eye illnesses can be either internal eye diseases or external eye diseases. The purpose of research is to find the right model for better performance to identify the external eye disease. The model is customised with 16- layers CNN using multiclass classification. Method: The Deep CNN techniques are utilized with multiclass classification, and the model is developed using Vgg16 with different dropout rates of 0.25 and 0.50 to improve accuracy and performance. In this work, a deep convolutional neural network model is proposed to classify and identify external eye diseases like conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and cellulitis. Datasets were taken in 80:20 randomly from blepharitis, cellulitis, and Conjunctivitis to test (242) and train (968) the model after pre-processing. Novelty: The model is novel and unique using deep CNN, Vgg16, and multiclass classification because it has never been classified and predicted previously for external eye disease. Additionally, Vgg16 with dropout rates of 0.25 and 0.50 was not tested. The model is penetrated into fully connected (FC) layers with different dropout rates. Findings: The accuracy of 98.48% and 0.976% for deep CNN and multiclass classification consecutively produced satisfactory results. The efficiency of R2 is evaluated with multiple classes of data that resulted in a range of 0.425 - 0.775 with k = 10 folds. Vgg16 attains the highest performance of 71.54% with changed dropout rates. The effects of fundus in the ocular, such as retinopathy and AMD, can be examined in the future with segmented data using CNN for better optimization. On account of biological changes in eye and retinal structure, models might be constructed or studied. Keywords: Multiclass Classification, Identification, Deep CNN, External Eye Disease, Evaluation
Lattice Ordered G􀀀Semirings
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Himachal Pradesh University, Regional Centre, Dharamshala, 176218, Himachal Pradesh, India, Sharma Tilak Raj , Kumar Rajesh
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to derive some of the results of lattice ordered semirings, distributive lattice, lattice ideals and morphisms. Methods: To establish the results, we use some conditions like commutativity, simple, multiplicative idempotent, additively idempotent, and finally, use the concept of lattice ideal in semirings. Findings: First we give some examples of lattice ordered semirings and then study some results regarding lattices, distributive lattices, commutative lattice ordered semirings and finally lattice ideals and morphisms. The unique feature of this study is that the concept of gamma is new for the study of lattices. Novelty: We consider a condition (c.f. Theorem 4.1.5) for an additively idempotent semiring due to which it becomes a distributive lattice ordered semiring. Again, in general, the sum of ideals of a semiring need not be ideal. Indeed, and are ideals of is a set of non-negative integers. Clearly, (say) is not a ideal, because , but . However, this condition does not hold in the case of a lattice ordered semiring. AMS Mathematics subject classification (2020): 16Y60. Keywords: Lattices, additive idempotent, multiplicative Γ-idempotent, k-ideal, lattice ideal, Γ-morphism
A U-Net with Statistical Shape Restrictions Applied to the Segmentation of the Left Ventricle in Echocardiographic Images
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Galicia-Gómez Eduardo , Torres-Robles Fabían ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Pérez-González Jorge ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escalante-Ramírez Boris ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Arámbula Cosío Fernando ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to introduce an innovative approach to semantic segmentation by leveraging a convolutional neural network (CNN) for predicting the shape and pose parameters of the left ventricle (LV). Our approach involves a modified U-Net architecture with a regression layer as the final stage, as opposed to the traditional classification layer. This modification allows us to predict all the shape and pose parameters of a statistical shape model, including rotation, translation, scale, and deformation. The adapted U-Net is trained using data from a point distribution model (PDM) of the LV. The experimental results demonstrate a mean Dice coefficient of 0.82 on good quality images, and 0.66 including mean and low-quality images. Our approach successfully overcomes a common issue encountered in CNN-based semantic segmentation. Unlike the inaccurate pixel classification that often leads to unwanted blobs, our CNN generates statistically valid shapes. These shapes hold significant potential in initializing other methods, such as active shape models (ASMs). Our novel CNN-based approach provides a novel solution for semantic segmentation, offering shapes and pose parameters that can enhance the accuracy and reliability of subsequent medical image analysis methods.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Staining Mouse Brain Sections v1
Authors: Ouellette Naveen , not provided daphne.toglia , Myers Holly
Published: March 2024

The Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Staining for Mouse Brain Sections protocol details the blocking, primary, and secondary antibody staining of 50-100 micron mouse brain tissue slices fixed in 4% PFA. The protocol includes suggested staining duration based on slice thickness for each staining step and tables of the most frequently requested blocking serums and primary and secondary antibody stains and dilutions.
N-219 AIRCRAFT TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION MODEL BASED ON THE MOVEMENT POTENTIAL OF THE COVERAGE ZONE AT SULTAN SYARIF KASIM II AIRPORT PEKANBARU
Authors: Tsabrilia Ilma , Akbardin Juang , Supratman Odih
Published: March 2024

Pekanbaru Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport has a limited domestic flight schedule. Based on data from Angkasa Pura II, Pekanbaru Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport serves flights to 14 domestic destinations. By using a small aircraft type N-129 with a capacity of 19 passengers, it will be able to produce several new routes that are possible to be formed and the aircraft can enter on short runways. The volume of passenger traffic at Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport Pekanbaru is projected in 2029 to reach 8749856 passenger departures per year and 7515557 passenger arrivals per year. With the N-219 plan aircraft, one main zone and five coverage zones are obtained to distribute passenger movements. In the Origin-Destination Matrix analysis using the Furness and Fratar method, a more constant calculation is the Fratar Method. The number of aircraft needed per day with the Furness Method is at most 8 N-219 aircraft with the Pekanbaru - Palembang route. The maximum number of aircraft needed per day using the Fratar Method is 7 N-219 aircraft with the Pekanbaru - Palembang route and vice versa.
GENDER EQUALITY ISSUES IN THE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION
Authors: Savitri Rika Triyunia
Published: March 2024

This article discusses gender equality in the architectural profession. A number of studies that have been conducted by previous researchers show that architects are a profession that is famous for its macho culture which is dominated by men. Women who are involved in this profession still experience discrimination and barriers to work. This article discusses gender equality in the architectural profession, both in a narrative and in the world of practice. This article uses a qualitative descriptive method by referring to a literature review through several online references, one of which is Google Scholar, which was published from 2015 to 2022. The results of the literature review, it can be concluded that there is still a gender gap in the architectural profession. Nevertheless, several female architectural figures who can prove that women have produced architectural works that are not inferior to male architects. Of course, in the process of gender equality, female architects are faced with several obstacles and problems that occur in the world of practice such as inappropriate work wages, the occurrence of sexism, and inappropriate working hours. Keywords:Gender Equality, Architect
PHILOSOPHY OF VIEWING TOWER AT CIPANAS DAM AREA
Authors: Wamenarno Dwi Wahyu , Handayani Sri
Published: March 2024

One of the sectors that is progressing and is growing rapidly, especially in Indonesia today is tourism. Tourism has an important role in increasing the income of a region.In terms of employment, the tourism sector can also be a solution to reduce the unemployment problem which is currently rife in various parts of the country.In terms of cultural diversity and natural beauty, Indonesia can become one of the unique tourist destinations in this regard, one of which is Dam Tourism.This study aims to determine that the aesthetics of the building form can be achieved through geometric shapes.Most of the viewing towers that have been built are only concerned with functions, without paying attention to the overall visuals, this is very unfortunate because this viewing tower is one of the most visited building objects when there are visiting events, both from agencies, elementary schools, high schools junior high school, as well as visits from universities, even visits from general visitors.The research method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach, where descriptive qualitative method is a research method based on the philosophy of postpositivism used to examine the condition of natural objects (as opposed to experiments) where the researcher is the key instrument of data collection techniques carried out manually. trigulation (combined), data analysis is inductive/qualitative, and qualitative research results emphasize meaning rather than generalization.The results of the research from the basic concepts of geometric shapes, functionally, the Tower of View in this Rest Area can maximally observe what facilities are in this dam building. Of course, it is supported by the highest elevation of the land on which the Tower of View building stands.
Home Medication Management and Practices among Post-stroke Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in a University-based Primary Care Clinic in Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: March 2024

Effective medication management practice (MMP) improves compliance of chronic conditions management and reduces medication error for better clinical outcomes. This is important for stroke survivors with multiple comorbidities and post-stroke complications. This study aimed to determine appropriateness of home MMP and its associated factors among post stroke patients. This was a cross-sectional, single-centre study involving 120 stroke patients of a primary care medical centre in Kuala Lumpur between January and March 2021. The assessment of MMP appropriateness relied on scores obtained through a set of questions administered via face-to-face, online or telephone interview. The mean age of participants was 65.1 (SD 11.7) years. 55.8% of participants had inappropriate home MMP; where the majority did not update their medication list (86.3%), did not memorise the medication’s name (75%), and did not return the leftover medication to the pharmacy (63.3%). Female gender (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.18-6.35, p-value: 0.019), household income (> RM4850) (AOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.03-7.69, p-value: 0.043), and number of clinic appointments (>2) (AOR: 5.27, 95% CI: 1.44-19.24, p-value: 0.012) were significantly correlated with better home MMP. The MMP among post-stroke patients was poor. Better home MMP were associated with female gender, higher socioeconomic status, and more frequent clinic appointments. Concerted health education should be provided, particularly focusing on medication management to improve home MMP in post-stroke patients and ultimately improving their overall health outcomes.
Systemic Silencing Mechanisms in Autism/Autistic Advocacy in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Tsang Cheuk Ming
Published: March 2024

This article reveals how systemic ableism operates within grassroots organizations in Ontario, formulating a normative standard for being an autistic person. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 50 participants in the years 2021 and 2022, triangulated with document analysis from 2018 and 2022. The study participants consisted of autistic adults, parents, disability advocates, organizers of grassroots organizations, social workers, policy insiders, and academics. The findings show that most autistic adults are pressured to choose sides, either to join autism advocacy that is parent‐led or expert‐led or to become self‐advocates in autistic advocacy. This article offers an original finding that the value policy of pro/anti‐ABA of two grassroots organizations in the field of autism/autistic advocacy contributes to identity politics. Ableism operates through Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic power, excluding autistic adults who do not fit into these two main categories of advocacy. Social oppression becomes multi‐directional as identity politics takes the stage and diverts from the original goals of social inclusion in advocacy. The concept of a grey area is introduced in theory building, to trouble the essentialist categories of autism/autistic advocacy and invite readers to commit to disability solidarity by moving beyond the dichotomy of sameness and difference.
Effect of inactivating heterozygous mutations in DNA repair genes on experimental lung carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Maydin M. A. , Yurova M. N. , Fedoros E. I. , Sergiev P. V. , Aleksakhina S. N. , Otradnova E. A. , Kruglov S. S. , Imyanitov E. N.
Published: March 2024

Background. Inactivating mutations in Chek2 and Gprc5a genes are known to be associated with cancer development. Experimental carcinogenesis studies in genetically modified mice generate new data on their influence on pathology development.

Aim. In the present study in a model of lung carcinogenesis, survival parameters as well as tumor multiplicity and size in mice with Chek2 and Gprc5a heterozygous inactivating mutations were evaluated.

Material and methods. F2 hybrid mice from crosses between CBAB6F1 males heterozygous for the studied mutations and wild-type BALB / c females were used: Chek2dAA-carriers (76 males and 64 females) and Gprc5ainsA-carriers (60 males and 42 females). Starting at four months of age, mice received urethane (ethyl carbamate) intraperitoneally at a dose of 600 mg / kg weekly for 6 weeks. After genotyping by allele-specific PCR, animals were allocated to groups. Carcinogenesis parameters were evaluated 40 weeks after the beginning of the experiment.

Results. The proportion of mice with mutations surviving to the age of three months roughly followed the Mendelian distribution (35 / 41 males and 33 / 31 females) for the offspring of males heterozygous for Chek2dAA and was significantly lower in the case of Gprc5ainsA (20 / 40 males and 17 / 25 females, p = 0.043). The death of Gprc5ainsA carriers during the experiment was also higher than in the control group (p = 0.0506 in females). Synchronous lung and thymus neoplasms were found in 2 out of 4 Gprc5ainsA females that died before the end of the experiment, which were not found in other groups. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences in tumor multiplicity, mean linear size, and volume were found between the groups of mice with and without mutations.

Conclusion. It was found that heterozygous inactivating mutation Chek2dAA does not affect early age development and does not modify the parameters of induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Heterozygous carriage of Gprc5ainsA mutation in mice increases the risk of early death and sensitivity to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of urethane.
Nasopharyngeal arteriovenous malformation. Rare clinical observation
Authors: Iurichev I. N. , Vereshchak V. V. , Mudunov A. M.
Published: March 2024

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the head and neck is a rare disease developing during embryo- and vasculogenesis due to RASA1 mutation which is inherited in accordance with autosomal dominant pattern and is associated with CMC1 locus on the long arm of the 5th chromosome 5q13.3. Statistically, AVMs are rarer than other congenital vascular abnormalities such as lymphatic or venous malformations. While AVMs are non-malignant neoplasms, among all vascular abnormalities they are the most aggressive, destructive and complex in their structure. In international literature, a small number of articles describing cases of this pathology exists (for example, I.T. Jackson et al. analyzed 16 cases of this pathology, M.T. Chen et al. reported on 14 cases, M.P. Kohaut et al. analyzed 81 cases of extracranial AVMs).In Russin literature, the number of articles describing clinical cases of AVM is in the single digits, and this topic remains quite relevant. The article presents a rare clinical observ
Surgical treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardial growth in conditions of artificial circulation. Clinical case
Authors: Davydov M. M. , Filatov A. A. , Glukhov E. V. , Cheishvilli Z. M. , Gruzdev V. E. , Fomina E. A.
Published: March 2024

Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a smooth muscle tumor of unclear malignant potential capable of intravascular growth with varying levels of intravascular advancement. The only radical treatment method is surgical intervention requiring quality preoperative preparation and determination of optimal surgical tactics taking into account the level of damage. A description of a clinical case of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardial growth is presented
Use of daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd regimen) in therapy of elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics. Clinical observation
Authors: Ryabukhina Yu. E. , Zeynalova P. A. , Abbasbeyli F. M. , Kupryshina N. A. , Zhukov A. G. , Timofeeva O. L. , Valiev T. T.
Published: March 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell lymphoproliferative disease characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells and heterogenous progression. Successes in MM therapy are in large part based on the study of molecular and genetic features of disease pathogenesis and identification of high-risk chromosomal abnormalities determining prognosis and antitumor response. Elderly patients with newly diagnosed MM with high-risk cytogenetics who are not candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation should receive programs of antitumor therapy which increase progression-free survival and overall survival with satisfactory tolerability and minimal toxicity. Use of monoclonal antibodies in triplets at early stages allow to achieve deeper antitumor response, the absence of minimal residual disease in a greater number of observations, and improve survival in all patient subgroups.A clinical observation of a 75-year-old female patient with newly diagnosed MM with high-risk cytogenetics and multiple bone plasmacytomas with massive extraosseous components is presented. During D-Rd regimen therapy, after 8 daratumumab administrations very good partial remission was achieved which has been maintained for 20 months. Significant improvement in quality of life with satisfactory treatment tolerability and absence of adverse events are observed
STATE OF INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES COMMITTED BY ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUPS IN WARTIME CONDITIONS
Authors:   National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kiev, Ukraine, Synoversky A. I.
Published: March 2024

Today, a rather difficult situation has developed in Ukraine, which is connected with the armed aggression on the part of the Russian Federation. It certainly affects all spheres of social life, including law enforcement. Conduct of active hostilities on a large territory of our country, massive forced resettlement of citizens, aggravation of the security, socio-political, and economic situation in the country led to an increase in the level of crime, in particular, the commission of criminal offenses by organized criminal groups. Investigators of pre-trial investigation bodies faced a situation in which the form and methods of committing criminal offenses by organized criminal groups in martial law conditions changed, which, accordingly, led to difficulties with their investigation. It was established that the current legislation was not fully adapted to such realities of today, and needs to be revised and clarified. In addition, in the conditions of Ukraine’s current course towards European integration and the introduction of European legal standards into the domestic legal system, the regulatory and legal acts of the European Union are gaining no less importance, in particular, those related to the regulation of issues related to the fight against organized crime and those aimed at to provide assistance during the investigation of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups. In order to find new approaches to improving domestic legislation in the specified area, it is necessary to carry out a thorough analysis of the state of international and domestic legal support in the area under consideration. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of international and national legislation in the field of investigation of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups in wartime conditions, and to determine ways to improve it. It is noted that the current events taking place in our country have led to an increase in the level of organized crime, which in turn has led to the need to revise the current legal acts, which are the basis of the legal regulation of the investigation of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups under martial law. . The author analyzed and classified the main international and national acts in the field under consideration and suggested ways to improve domestic legislation in accordance with international acts and the needs of practice.
THE USE OF THE SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IS DURING INVESTIGATION OF THE CRIMINAL OFFENCES RELATED TO THE STATE FINANCING OF INDUSTRY OF HEALTH PROTECTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF PANDEMIC
Authors:   National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kiev, Ukraine, Kharkevych Y. I.
Published: March 2024

The scientific article is devoted to the study of special knowledge, both its characteristics in general and the specifics of its use during the investigation of offenses related to public funding of the health care industry in the context of the Pandemic. Forms of the use of special knowledge, their classification at different times of the development of forensic science, in particular, the appointment of forensic examinations, are identified; reference and consulting activities; audits and other inspection reports; account verification; the involvement of a specialist in conducting procedural actions; interrogation of an expert; the presence of the investigator during the examination. Emphasis is placed on the importance of interdepartmental checks, interaction of law enforcement agencies with state financial control bodies. Based on the scientific points of view of scientists, an attempt was made to provide proposals for avoiding individual conflicts in the legislation regarding the assignment of audit and inventory to investigators. Attention is drawn to the use of monitoring, financial audit, procurement review and procurement monitoring. Also, certain aspects of the consultative form of using special knowledge and the participation of a specialist during some procedural actions under the specified category of criminal proceedings are disclosed. Forensic examinations are singled out, which are mainly appointed during the investigation of criminal offenses related to state funding of the health care industry in the context of a pandemic, including: economic, handwriting, technical examination of documents, computer and technical, telecommunications, commodity studies, video and sound recording, forensic, etc. All mentioned achievements are confirmed by statistical data and practical examples.
KRİZ DÖNEMLERİNDE İMAJ YÖNETİMİ: HALKLA İLİŞKİLER UYGULAMA SÜRECİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR YOL HARİTASI ÖNERİSİ
Authors: Sandıkcı Yılmaz Türker , Soy Samed
Published: March 2024

Kurum ya da kuruluşların kimi zaman istemli kimi zaman istemsiz bir biçimde hedef kitle zihinde yer alması imaj ve imaj yönetimi kavramlarını ön plana çıkartmaktadır. İmaj ve imaj yönetim süreci ise dış çevreyle kurulan iletişimin yönüne göre belirlenmektedir. Spesifik olarak imaj ve imaj yönetimi süreci olağan dönemlerde stratejik planlama içerisinde var olduğu kadar olağan dışı dönemlerde de yönetilmesi gereken iletişim stratejisi olarak karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Dış çevreyle sürekli iletişim dolayısıyla etkileşim halinde olan kurumların bazı durumlardan olumsuz etkilenmesi hatta kriz niteliğine varan birtakım olay ve olgular yaşamaları olasıdır. Dolayısıyla iletişimin yapısını değiştiren krizlerin yıkıcı etkilerinden kurtulmak ya da söz konusu etkileri azaltmak amacıyla kurumlar halkla ilişkiler ana çatısı altında çeşitli iletişim politikalarına başvurmaktadır. Özellikle kriz dönemlerinde imaj yönetiminin planlaması ve uygulanması stratejik iletişimin halkla ilişkiler uygulama sürecinde vuku bulmaktadır. Söz konusu bağlamdan yola çıkan çalışma, halkla ilişkiler uygulama süreci çerçevesinden hareketle kriz dönemlerinde imajın yönetilmesi için nasıl bir yol izlenmesi gerektiğine dair sistematik ve farklı bir içerik ortaya koyarak literatürde ve uygulamadaki boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda derleme niteliği taşıyan çalışmada, kriz iletişimi ve imaj yönetimi kavramları ele alınarak halkla ilişkiler uygulama süreci çerçevesinde kriz öncesi, kriz anı ve kriz sonrası dönemlerde imaj yönetiminin teoriden uygulamaya yönelik nasıl gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiğine dair bir yol haritası oluşturulmaktadır.
Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (clinical cases)
Authors: Doktorova Taisiia A. , Panfilova Anastasiya N. , Suetov Aleksei A.
Published: March 2024

Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (Krill’s disease) is a rare idiopathic self-limiting inflammatory macular disease. The article presents the results of multimodal dynamic imaging in 2 patients with acute retinal pigment epitheliitis, including, for the first time ever, the results of optical coherence tomography-angiography, suggesting the pathogenetic significance of changes in perfusion in the choriocapillaris for the development of this disease.
Yüksek doz senna bağırsak hazırlığında standart rejimler kadar etkin ve tolere edilebilir mi? Senna ile PEG ve sodyum pikosülfat rejimlerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Sirin Abdullatif , Akan Kübra , Çetin Mehmet
Published: March 2024

Giriş ve Amaç: Bağırsak temizliğinin kalitesi tanısal doğruluğu ve işlem güvenliğini yakından etkiler. Bağırsak temizlik preparatlarının hastaya uygun seçilmesi hasta uyumunu arttırabilir. Bu çalışmada, yüksek doz sennanın etkinlik ve tolere edilebilirliğinin standart preparatlar ile karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Elektif kolonoskopi yapılması planlanan toplam 150 ayaktan hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar polietilen glikol, senna ve sodyum pikosülfat magnezyum sitrat olacak şekilde 3 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların tümüne işlemden 2 gün önce düşük lifli diyet, 1 gün önce berrak sıvı diyet verildi. İşlem öncesinde hazırlık sürecine olan tolerans ve yan etkiler kayıt edildi. Tüm işlemler öğleden önce sedoanaljezi altında yapıldı. Kolon temizliği Aronchick bağırsak hazırlık skalası ile derecelendirildi. Bağırsak hazırlık düzeyi, yan etkiler ve hazırlık sürecine olan tolerans gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Senna grubundaki hastaların %74’ünde mükemmel/iyi derecede kolon temizliği sağlandı. Senna, polietilen glikol ve sodyum pikosülfat magnezyum sitratın kolon temizlik düzeyleri benzerdi (p = 0.846). Senna rejiminin en belirgin yan etkisi karın ağrısı idi (p < 0.001). Sodyum pikosülfat magnezyum sitrat en iyi tolere edilen rejimdi (p < 0.001). Senna ve polietilen glikol grubunda tolerans benzerdi. Gruplar arasında adenom tespit oranı, çekal entübasyon oranı ve çekuma ulaşma süresinde fark yoktu. Sonuç: Kolonoskopi hazırlığında yüksek doz senna etkili ve tolere edilebilir bulundu. Standart polietilen glikol ve sodyum pikosülfat magnezyum sitrata alternatif bir rejim olarak düşünülebilir.
Current perspectives on radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma management: a comprehensive review
Authors: Kim Dowook , Kim Jun-Sang
Published: March 2024

This review examines the transformative role of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in managing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), spotlighting the progression from traditional EBRT techniques to advanced modalities like intensity-modulated radiotherapy (RT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), and innovative particle therapy, including proton beam therapy and carbon ion RT. These advancements have significantly improved the precision and efficacy of RT, marking a paradigm shift in the multimodal management of HCC, particularly in addressing complex cases and enhancing local tumor control. The review underscores the synergistic potential of integrating RT with other treatments like transarterial chemoembolization, systemic therapies such as sorafenib, and emerging immunotherapies, illustrating enhanced survival and disease control outcomes. The efficacy of RT is addressed for challenging conditions, including advanced HCC with macrovascular invasion, and RT modalities, like SBRT, are compared against traditional treatments like radiofrequency ablation for early-stage HCC. Additionally, the review accentuates the encouraging outcomes of particle therapy in enhancing local control and survival rates, minimizing treatment-related toxicity, and advocating for continued research and clinical trials. In conclusion, the integration of RT into multimodal HCC treatment strategies, coupled with the emergence of particle therapy, is crucial for advancing oncologic management, emphasizing the need for relentless innovation and personalized treatment approaches.
Toplumsal Eşitsizliklerin Göz Ardı Edilen Yönü: Türkiye'de Regl Yoksulluğunun Sosyal Politika Perspektifinden İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİRCAN YILDIRIM Pelin
Published: March 2024

Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki regl yoksulluğunu kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almak, bu sorunun nedenlerini ve etkilerini açıklamak ve toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, Türkiye'de regl yoksulluğunun toplum ve kamusal alanda yeterince görünür olmadığını ve sorunun sadece regl ürünlerine vergi indirimi gibi basit tedbirlerle çözülemeyeceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye'de regl yoksulluğunun nedenlerinin ekonomik durum, sağlık hizmetlerine erişim, eğitim seviyesi, toplumsal normlar ve tabularla ilişkili olduğu belirtilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi, ikincil verilere dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, makalelerden, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının ve uluslararası örgütlerin yürüttüğü araştırmalardan faydalanılmıştır. Türkiye'deki regl yoksulluğuyla ilgili çalışmaların ve yasal düzenlemelerin yetersiz olduğu ayrıca daha kapsamlı ölçümler yapılması ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini destekler nitelikte etkili sosyal politika önlemlerinin geliştirilmesi gerektiği önerilmiştir.
SEGURANÇA DOS ALIMENTOS NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Pinto Ana Maria de Souza , Gil Marcelino Mariana
Published: March 2024

Os restaurantes comerciais são estabelecimentos responsáveis pela elaboração de refeições fora do lar, garantindo uma ampla variedade em seu cardápio e fácil acesso ao alimento. Com a flexibilização do plano de quarentena, novas recomendações surgiram como medida preventiva contra a COVID-19 para os serviços de alimentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a adequação dos restaurantes comerciais frente às novas normas de fornecimento de refeições, durante a pandemia de COVID-19.  Foram analisados 18 restaurantes comerciais com atendimento de autosserviço (self-service) e à la carte no Município de Santos, São Paulo, que operavam com 80% da capacidade no período de outubro a dezembro de 2021. Foi utilizado um instrumento de coleta de dados elaborado com base nas novas recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Bares e Restaurantes (Abrasel), e nas notas técnicas da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), sendo dividido em quatro blocos, abordando saúde, higiene e segurança do trabalhador, organização e distanciamento social, qualidade sanitária na distribuição de alimentos, nas instalações e ambiente. Os resultados mostraram que 83% dos restaurantes apresentaram conformidades na maioria dos itens. Foram destacados os itens de menor adesão, como a troca de máscaras a cada 3 ou 4 horas e a precarização na instalação de barreiras impermeáveis em atividades e locais que não é possível o distanciamento mínimo. Apesar da adaptação às novas normas de fornecimento de refeições, é necessário atentar-se aos itens que obtiveram destaque negativo. É papel dos estabelecimentos adotar medidas de prevenção da COVID-19 durante todo o processo produtivo
Evaluation of Administration Prophylactic Antibiotic against Incidence of Surgical Site Infection in Post Appendectomy at Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Adzillina Esa , Sundari Sri , Ijabah Siti Mizabul
Published: March 2024

Appendicitis is a prevalent abdominal surgical emergency in Indonesia, occurring at a rate of 5 per 1,000 people, with around 10 million cases each year. Appendectomy, the surgical removal of the vermiform, is the primary treatment for appendicitis but carries a high risk of surgical site infections. Prophylactic antibiotics are given to minimize the risk of infection resulting from surgery, administered in accordance with established guidelines. This study aims to evaluate the administration of antibiotic prophylactic against SSIs. This study used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate prophylactic antibiotic administration and the incidence of surgical site infection in post-appendectomy patients. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with surgeons and nurses and an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, observing various indicators such as the timing and duration of prophylactic antibiotic administration and the presence of surgical site infections. The study found that the duration of antibiotic administration ≤24 hours had a higher number of infection-free patients (62.50%). The researchers analyzed the relationship between the duration of antibiotic administration and surgical site infection in post-appendectomy patients and found a significant relationship (p <0.05) at the hospital. There is a relationship between prophylactic antibiotic administration and surgical site infection. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics with appropriate timing, duration, and method of administration.
The Forecasting and Case Study Modeling of COVID-19 in Chicago: A Data-driven Approach
Authors: Ajayi Oluwaseun T.
Published: March 2024

Probabilistic graphical models and machine learning are powerful data-driven tools for extracting useful knowledge from historical data; this knowledge can facilitate improved decision-making. With the prevailing efforts to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there are still uncertainties that are yet to be discovered about its spread, future impact, and resurgence. In this paper, a data-driven approach has been adopted in distilling the hidden information about COVID-19 and its symptoms. This paper proposes: a Bayesian network which encodes the causal relationships among COVID-19 symptoms, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that learns symptoms pattern in COVID-19 dataset, a deep neural network which predicts the symptoms class of patients based on clustering experience with a 99.47% testing accuracy, and a time-series forecasting model that predicts the trend of COVID-19. The results from the experiments show the capability of data-driven methods in addressing the concerns of the society and government in understanding the uncertainties about the virus, providing insights on developing policies, and reducing the spread of the virus.
Health Impacts of Environmental Inequalities in Redlined Areas
Authors: Exline Sarah , Brown Natalie
Published: March 2024

Chicago has a long history of redlining, a discriminatory housing process that has led to segregation in Chicago up to the modern day. This practice marginalized people of color and created a significant and still prevalent wealth gap between redlined and non-redlined communities. It is well known that poorer communities in Chicago are victims of negative environmental factors, such as industrial corridor proximity, and higher air pollution levels. There have been studies done on these things, but there are many overlapping factors that have led to Chicago’s prevalent inequality, creating a complex problem.

Our study aimed to tackle some of this complexity and to analyze how various environmental indicators impacted the health outcomes of people based on the HOLC (Home Owners’ Loan Corporation) grade they lived in. We conducted a literature review to see which health impacts were tied to which significant environmental indicators and designed our technical portion to account for the complexity and inter-relation of the data, but we wanted to do more with the communities as well, rather than just analyzing data. A major part of our project was inspired by the work of Phillip Boda of UIC in regards to designing research centered around communities rather than around data. 

We came to the conclusion that the scope of our project was larger and more complex than any two people sufficiently cover and decided to design a coding tool alongside our analysis that will allow for communities to both interpret our findings and run their own analyses in the ways they deem most useful. We hope that this can both provide communities with a more thorough understanding of the complex relations between the environment and health. We also hope to provide a tool that can be more useful than existing resources we’ve used and found to have issues, such as the EPA’s Environmental Justice Screening tool (EJScreen).

We found that higher percentages of greenlined and bluelined areas had little significance to negative health outcomes, or lowered risk, while higher percentages of red and yellowlined areas had greater significance to the model, increasing risk of negative health outcomes with increasing area. The impact of environmental indicators on our model varied depending on the health impact being analyzed, but in the case of every health impact, there was a semi-linear positive trend when a model was created taking into account all of the independent variables and their coefficients.
Folate gene polymorphisms CBS 844ins68 and RFC1 A80G and risk of Down syndrome offspring in young Iranian women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Farajnezhad Neda , Ghandil Pegah , Tahmasebi-Birgani Maryam , Mohammadi-Asl Javad
Published: March 2024

Background: Cytogenetics and association studies showed that folate gene polymorphisms can increase the risk of chromosomal nondisjunction and aneuploidies. The folate-metabolizing gene polymorphisms in Down syndrome mothers (DSM) have been assessed in a variety of populations. Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) and cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) are key enzymes in folate metabolism.
Objective: 2 common polymorphisms, CBS 844ins68 and RFC1 A80G, were analyzed to determine their probable risk for having Down syndrome (DS) babies in young mothers of Khuzestan province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 mothers who had trisomy 21 DS children. 100 age- and ethnic-matched mothers with at least 2 healthy children and no history of abnormal pregnancies were considered as control. The samples were collected from all the mothers from June 2019 to April 2021. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. The CBS-844ins68 and RFC1-A80G were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively.
Results: The frequency of RFC1 AG and GG genotypes in DSM was significantly higher than the control mothers (odds ratio [OR] of 2.38 and 3.07, respectively). The heterozygote genotype of CBS 844ins68 was significantly more prevalent among DSM than the control (OR: 2.419). The OR was significantly increased to 6.667 when the homozygote of both variants was found together.
Conclusion: Studying polymorphisms possibly increases the susceptibility of having a DS child. However, ethnicity, nutrition, and epistatic interactions are considerable factors to be evaluated in future studies.
Key words: Down syndrome, Folic acid, Polymorphism, CBS, RFC1.
Analysis of single umbilical artery with concurrent congenital anomaly: Is it a risk factor for poor prognosis? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Na Hyun , Choi Hee Joung
Published: March 2024

Background: A single umbilical artery (SUA) may coexist with a single anomaly or multiple congenital anomalies. Although anomalies associated with SUA can primarily cause high perinatal mortality, their clinical significance has not been evaluated.
Objective: We investigated the relationship between the clinical features and the type or number of concurrent anomalies in neonates with SUA.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 104 neonates with SUA were enrolled from January 2000- to December 2020 at Dongsan hospital, Daegu, South Korea. Data on the maternal history and the neonates demographic characteristics, clinical course, chromosomal analysis, and congenital anomalies, were collected.
Results: Among the neonates with SUA included, 77 (74.0%) had one or more congenital anomalies; 66 (63.5%) were cardiac, 20 (19.2%) were genitourinary, 12 (11.5%) were gastrointestinal, 5 (4.8%) were central nervous system, 12 (11.5%) were skeletal, and 5 (4.8%) were facial anomalies. The number of concurrent anomalies ranged from 0–4. Neonates with SUA and concurrent gastrointestinal anomaly had a high incidence of initial positive ventilation, intubation, and inotropic drug use and lower Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min. 7 (6.7%) neonates with SUA died. Low birth weight (odds ratio = 6.16, p = 0.05), maternal multiparity (2.41, p = 0.13), gastrointestinal anomaly (5.06, p = 0.11), and initial cardiac resuscitation (7.77, p = 0.11) were risk factors for mortality in neonates with SUA.
Conclusion: Neonates with SUA and concurrent gastrointestinal anomaly, low birth weight, maternal multiparity, and initial cardiac resuscitation had poor outcomes.
Key words: Single umbilical artery, Congenital abnormalities, Perinatal mortality.
Şantiye Mühendislerinin Karar Verme Davranışlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Çelik Fatih , Uğural Mehmet Nurettin
Published: March 2024

ÖZ
Bu çalışmada, inşaat sektöründe karar verici pozisyonunda görev almakta olan şantiye mühendislerinin karar verme durumları araştırılmıştır. Şantiye mühendislerinin karar verme davranışlarını, anlamak ve doğal karar verme süreçlerinin karar verme stilleri (KVS) ile ilişkisini açıklamayarak, karşılaşmış oldukları problemlere karşı karar verme davranışlarının iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu, Türkiye’deki özel firmaların şantiyelerinde çalışan 150 inşaat mühendisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak oluşturulan 34 maddelik anket formunda, 4 adet demografik soru, 5'li likert tipi sorulardan oluşan 6 maddelik Doğal Karar Verme (DKV) ölçeği ve 24 maddelik Karar Verme Stilleri (KVS) ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan toplanan veriler, ‘’SPSS 26 versiyonu’’ ve ‘’AMOS 23 versiyonu’’ programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda; kaçıngan karar verme stilinin rasyonel karar verme stili ile negatif, diğer karar verme stilleri ve doğrusal karar verme ile de pozitif anlamlı bir ilişkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Analiz sonuçlarına göre şantiyede görev yapan inşaat mühendislerinin, en çok kaçıngan karar verme stilini ve kendiliğinden karar verme stilini benimsedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durumda şantiyede çalışan inşaat mühendislerinin rasyonel süreçler yerine doğal karar verme davranışı ile pozitif anlamlı ilişkisi olan, sezgisel, kaçıngan ve kendiliğinden karar verme stilini uyguladıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapım Yönetimi, Proje Yönetimi, Karar Verme, Örgütsel Yönetim.
JEL Sınıflandırması: D81, D91, L74
Evaluation of Comparative Advantages of Trade in Service in Türkiye with RCA and TBI Indices
Authors: Özdemir Dilan
Published: March 2024

Technological developments in the last quarter century and the increase in the service sector in international trade enable schools to develop their foreign trade policies for service trade. To achieve a competitive advantage in this extended family service trade, it is necessary to determine the countries' comparative advantages. To choose the comparative advantage of Turkiye's service sector in this country between 2013-2021, the TBI index, which was used by RCA and supported the index results, was also included in the study. The data obtained from the survey show that Turkiye has a comparative advantage in maintenance and repair, transportation, travel, insurance and pension, and government goods and services in the relevant period. However, it is not generally observed during the elapsed time in government goods and services and insurance and pension services. On the other hand, while Turkiye has a net exporter position in manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, transportation, travel, and construction services, it is also a net exporter in insurance and pension, financial services, charges for the use of intellectual property, telecommunications, computer, and information processing and government goods and services during the relevant period—Importer position. However, some services remain net importers or exporters throughout the period. These results are more sensitive than macro and micro environmental conditions.
Key Words: Trade in Services, Comparative Advanteges, RCA Index, TBI Index, Türkiye
JEL Classification: F14
Aracı Kurumların Borsa Performanslarının Entropi ve CODAS Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Şeyranlıoğlu Onur , Kara Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul (BİST) Aracı Kurum Pay Endeksi’nde (XAKUR) yer alan 5 şirketin 2020, 2021 ve 2022 yıllarına ait piyasa çarpanlarına dayalı borsa performanslarının Entropi ve CODAS yöntemleri ile incelenmesidir. Araştırmada, Fiyat/Kazanç oranı, Piyasa Değeri/Defter Değeri, Firma Değeri/FAVÖK, Firma Değeri/Satışlar ve Hisse Başı Kâr olmak üzere beş piyasa çarpanı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularında, 2020 yılında Firma Değeri/Satışlar, 2021 yılında Fiyat/Kazanç oranı ve 2022 yılında ise Hisse Başı Kâr rasyoları Entropi yöntemi ile en önemli kriterler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ağırlıklandırma sonrası CODAS yöntemi ile aracı kurumlar yıllara göre performansları sıralanmıştır. Performanslar 2020 yılında OSMEN, ISMEN, GEDİK, GLBMD ve INFO; 2021 yılında ISMEN, OSMEN, INFO, GEDİK ve GLBMD; 2022 yılında ise ISMEN, OSMEN, GEDİK, GLBMD ve INFO şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında, üç yılda da ISMEN ve OSMEN aracı kurumları yüksek performans göstermiştir. Bu durum, belirtilen yıllarda ISMEN ve OSMEN aracı kurumlarının diğer aracı kurumlara kıyasla yatırım yapılabilir pozisyonda olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Entropi, CODAS, Aracı Kurum
JEL Sınıflandırması: G00, C4