bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les stations expérimentales comme lieux de production des savoirs agronomiques semi-confinés
Authors: Cardona Aurélie , Lefèvre Amélie , Simon Sylvaine
Published: June 2018

Les stations expérimentales agronomiques, ayant à la fois des visées de recherche et de promotion de nouvelles pratiques ont joué un rôle important dans la transformation des systèmes agricoles. Actuellement, en France, l’avenir de ces stations est questionné. Un certain nombre de travaux ont documenté l’émergence des stations expérimentales dans le contexte diffusionniste de la modernisation agricole à la fin du XIXe et durant la première moitié du XXe siècle. Cependant, on en sait assez peu sur leur histoire récente et sur la manière dont elles contribuent aujourd’hui à la production de savoirs agronomiques dans un contexte de transition agro-écologique. À partir d’une enquête compréhensive dans deux stations expérimentales de l’Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), cet article montre comment s’est effectué le passage d’une forme d’expérimentation confinée à une forme semi-confinée basée sur l’implication croissante d’acteurs du monde agricole dans les processus de production de savoirs. Il s’intéresse ainsi en particulier à l’évolution des relations entre les stations et le monde agricole et à la transformation de la nature des savoirs produits.
Les jeux entre singularité et généricité des savoirs agro-écologiques dans un réseau d’éleveurs
Authors: Girard Nathalie , Magda Danièle
Published: June 2018

L’écologisation de l’agriculture soulève de nombreuses questions sur les connaissances nécessaires pour accompagner la transition agro-écologique, tant du point de vue de leurs modes de production et de leur nature que des formes de transmission ou de partage. Si la pluralité de connaissances que nécessite cette transition et le renouveau des formes de conseil qu’elle implique sont maintenant reconnus, les modalités de capitalisation des connaissances des agriculteurs ont été peu étudiées. En particulier, peu de travaux se sont attachés à analyser le travail épistémique des agents de cet accompagnement, entre expériences singulières et savoirs génériques. Dans cet article, nous décrivons comment les animateurs d’un réseau d’éleveurs donnent du sens aux expériences que ces éleveurs échangent, afin de les accompagner vers l’autonomie, tout en légitimant leur propre expertise. Nous montrons comment ces agents de développement tentent de transmettre une méthode tout en donnant la primauté à l’analyse de la situation, et les tensions que cela crée pour capitaliser les conceptualisations dans l’action exprimées par les éleveurs.
Reconnaissance politique des savoirs professionnels
Authors: Thomas Jessica
Published: June 2018

Cet article croise une socio-anthropologie de la connaissance et une sociologie de l’action publique afin de rendre compte des effets d’un soutien public accordé à un groupe d’agriculteurs pour ses activités de production et formalisation de connaissances. Croiser ces deux approches permet de rendre compte de la convergence des aspirations professionnelles et institutionnelles autour d’expérimentations menées par des agriculteurs pour une écologisation de leurs pratiques. Le collectif étudié a reçu une subvention publique pour un projet d’expérimentation de pratiques agro-écologiques de semis direct, dans le cadre de la politique de « transition agro-écologique » lancée en 2012 par le ministère de l’Agriculture français. L’enquête décrite dans cet article vise à analyser les effets, pour ce collectif, de la reconnaissance institutionnelle des savoirs professionnels pour des pratiques plus écologiques. Quatre effets structurants de la reconnaissance des savoirs professionnels sur les activités du groupe sont présentés. Tout d’abord, le discours sur la pertinence des connaissances professionnelles est un élément moteur pour les membres du groupe afin qu’ils s’engagent dans des expérimentations. Ensuite, la reconnaissance des savoirs professionnels permet à ce groupe de légitimer son positionnement dans le paysage agricole territorial, notamment auprès des pouvoirs publics. Un autre effet est celui d’une forme de réflexivité sur le métier d’agriculteur suscitée par cette valorisation des connaissances de terrain. Enfin, des conséquences organisationnelles pour le groupe résultent des aspirations des agriculteurs à la réappropriation de leurs décisions. En revendiquant l’élaboration d’une « expertise collective » et le statut d’« agriculteurs-experts », les membres du groupe, influencés par ce contexte de valorisation de leurs connaissances, agissent, pensent et s’organisent, pour défendre une forme de réappropriation des décisions qui leur est propre.
D’un maïs, l’autre - Enquête sur l’expérimentation collective d’agriculteurs rhône-alpins autour de variétés de maïs population
Authors: Derbez Floriane
Published: June 2018

Alors que les éleveurs laitiers utilisent depuis plusieurs décennies, sous l’effet de l’introduction de l’ensilage de maïs dans les rations alimentaires des vaches laitières, quasi exclusivement des semences de maïs hybrides, certains se sont lancés dans la production de leurs propres semences de maïs, à la fois dans le contexte d’une montée en puissance des démarches de sélection paysanne, mais aussi dans celui de la crise laitière récente qui conduit les éleveurs à essayer d’accroître leur autonomie économique. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique conduite auprès d’agriculteurs rhône-alpins, cet article s’intéresse à l’engagement des agriculteurs dans une expérimentation collective autour de variétés de maïs dites « population ». Il adopte une perspective inspirée de la sociologie de la traduction pour appréhender l’engagement de ces agriculteurs dans un processus d’expérimentation et de production de connaissances autour de ces variétés de maïs, en proposant de l’analyser en trois temps : 1. celui de la dé-scription des maïs hybrides, dans lequel la pratique du maïs population fournit aux agriculteurs des points d’appui pour appréhender l’insertion des hybrides dans un système socio-technique particulier qui les rend fortement dépendants de l’amont ; 2. celui de l’activité de description des maïs population par les agriculteurs, dans lequel la production de connaissances est conjointe au processus d’attachement et d’accommodation réciproque de ces agriculteurs à leurs variétés de maïs ; 3. enfin, celui de l’inscription par lequel les agriculteurs s’engagent dans un processus de formalisation de connaissances dans une perspective de diffusion de leurs pratiques. Cette analyse montre comment cette expérimentation collective contribue à une reconfiguration de la répartition classique des rôles – sous-tendue par l’usage des maïs hybrides – entre agriculteurs d’une part, et recherche, conseil agricole et firmes, d’autre part.
Syncrétisme des savoirs dans la viticulture biodynamique
Authors: Foyer Jean
Published: June 2018

Dans la lignée de travaux examinant les zones floues entre croyance et savoirs, cet article propose de rendre compte de la pluralité des savoirs (scientifiques, paysans, expérientiels, sensibles, suprasensibles péri-scientifiques et ésotériques), en jeu chez les praticiens de la biodynamie en termes de syncrétisme. Il s’agit donc d’analyser, tout d’abord, de quoi est composé ce syncrétisme et, ensuite, comment les vignerons en biodynamie s’arrangent pour faire tenir ensemble des savoirs issus de registres considérés généralement comme difficilement compatibles. L’hypothèse que l’on défend est que la cohérence de ce syncrétisme repose, d’une part, sur une forme d’incorporation des savoirs dans la pratique et le sensible et, d’autre part, sur une trajectoire initiatique qui s’étend d’une biodynamie ouverte, fondée sur l’expérience, à une biodynamie plus ésotérique qui repose sur des formes de suprasensibilité.
Où sont passé·e·s les coauteurs·trices ?
Authors: Sarna-Wojcicki Daniel , Perret Margaret , Eitzel Melissa Viola , Fortmann Louise
Published: June 2018

Longtemps marginale, la recherche participative est devenue une approche de plus en plus répandue dans les sciences sociales, biophysiques et les études interdisciplinaires. L’augmentation générale du nombre de publications tirées d’une recherche participative a soulevé la question de la reconnaissance des contributions de collaborateurs et collaboratrices non universitaires. Au moyen de méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, nous avons analysé les tendances et modèles des pratiques d’autorat et de reconnaissance à partir d’un échantillon de 262 articles de revue restituant les résultats de recherches participatives sur les moyens d’existence en milieu rural, publiés entre 1975 et 2013. Seuls 6 % des chercheuses et chercheurs reconnaissent les contributions intellectuelles de leurs collaborateurs·trices non universitaires en leur attribuant un statut de coauteur·trice, tandis que 51 % se contentent de remerciements. En nous appuyant sur les entretiens menés avec les auteurs·trices principaux des articles coécrits, nous avons examiné les facteurs expliquant les cas où la qualité d’auteur était partagée avec les collaborateurs·trices non universitaires. Malgré un certain nombre d’obstacles, les chercheuses et chercheurs ayant opté pour le coautorat justifient ce choix par un souci d’éthique scientifique, la volonté de reconnaître toutes les contributions intellectuelles et un effort de décolonisation épistémique. Notre propos est non seulement de montrer que la cosignature peut être un vecteur important de justice épistémique dans la recherche participative, mais aussi d’encourager ses praticien·ne·s à faire des discussions sur les enjeux d’autorat avec leurs collaborateurs·trices une partie intégrante de la recherche-action participative [engaged scholarship]. Nous soulignons également que les contributions non universitaires au savoir scientifique doivent être prises en considération dans la compréhension des pratiques de recherche.
Le négatif du transfert
Authors: de Coulon Nicolas
Published: June 2018

La notion de travail du négatif peut-elle s’appliquer au transfert ? Au-delà des formes reconnues du transfert négatif et de la réaction thérapeutique négative, l’auteur propose de suivre la transposition inconsciente sur le psychanalyste dans les aléas du creux, du blanc, du contraire, de la destruction, dans toutes les formes de la négativité. Ceci introduit aux possibilités de sortie d’une conception trop « positive » du transfert pour en aborder différents aspects chez les états-limites.
Maladie du transfert dans le couple Freud-Ferenczi
Authors: Stathopoulos Georgios
Published: June 2018

L’auteur émet l’hypothèse que certaines élaborations théoriques et expérimentations techniques proposées par Ferenczi ont été organisées autour de l’exigence d’une expérience vécue, exigence interne liée aux aventures transférentielles et contre-transférentielles de son analyse avec Freud. Le refus de la passivité a conduit à la technique active et le désir d’échanger les rôles avec son analyste ainsi que la soif de franchise et mutualité dans son rapport avec le Maître ont donné leur place à l’analyse mutuelle.
Partition du transfert au psychodrame
Authors: Cabrera Sylvia
Published: June 2018

Au psychodrame, la possibilité de remplacer l’analyste, absent provisoirement, permet d’assister à la manière dont les patients traitent ce traumatisme, ses effets conscients ou inconscients, les défenses, les modifications du transfert. Au cours de sept années de traitement d’une patiente bipolaire, les dynamiques induites par trois absences de l’analyste-meneur de jeu et le mode d’utilisation de l’objet de transfert de substitution ont relancé l’élaboration de deuils pathologiques.
Mental Health Promotion for Gender Minority Adolescents
Authors: Tobin Valerie , Bockting Walter O. , Hughes Tonda L.
Published: June 2018

The current study uses an ecological model of biopsychosocial vulnerability to guide the description of risk and protective factors for the mental health of gender minority (i.e., transgender and gender non-conforming) adolescents at the individual, family, community, and societal levels.
Minority stress
is the vulnerability of youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) to adverse mental health outcomes due to stigma. In addition, unlike cisgender (non-transgender) LGB individuals, gender minorities may experience internal stress related to gender dysphoria. Gender dysphoria may lead to interaction with health care providers who may not be educated in the care of gender minority youth. The ecological model is an organizing framework for understanding domains of health risks that affect such youth to assist nurses in intervening to promote the health of gender minority adolescents. Specific attention is paid to the potential contributions of psychiatric–mental health nurses to the care of gender minority adolescents. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(12), 22–30.]
La mina de sílex del Neolítico Antiguo de Casa Montero (Madrid, España), 5350-5220 cal a. C.
Authors: Consuegra Susana , Castañeda Nuria , Capdevila Enrique , Capote Marta , Criado Cristina , Casas Cristina , Nieto Aurora , Díaz-del-Río Pedro
Published: June 2018

Presentamos una revisión de conjunto e interpretativa de las evidencias recuperadas en la mina de sílex de Casa Montero (Madrid, España). Describimos los aspectos técnicos y sociales de la minería del sílex en el contexto histórico específico de las sociedades del Neolítico Antiguo de la Península Ibérica. La combinación de todas las evidencias recuperadas nos permite sugerir que la minería en Casa Montero fue probablemente un fenómeno generacional, donde los actos de agregación de pequeños grupos para el desarrollo de acciones colectivas sirvieron de base para establecer nuevas relaciones políticas más allá de cada grupo individual. Para ello se requirieron un conjunto de precondiciones estratégicas, tácticas y logísticas, incluyendo la habilidad y capacidad para convocar, diseñar y organizar un conjunto ordenado de acciones como las que se desarrollaron en la propia mina. Proponemos que estas precondiciones sociales son clave para ir más allá de la variabilidad formal y técnica de las minas.
La cosecha de El Garcel (Antas, Almería): estructuras de almacenamiento en el sureste de la península ibérica
Authors: Román Díaz María de la Paz , Maicas Ramos Ruth
Published: June 2018

Nuestro estudio de El Garcel, uno de los yacimientos más importantes de la prehistoria española, está basado en la documentación y materiales de la Colección Siret del Museo Arqueológico Nacional. Se presentan nuevas dataciones por Termoluminiscencia. A la luz de la nueva información sobre sus estructuras y materiales obtenida para este trabajo, ofrecemos una perspectiva diferente sobre el periodo de ocupación de El Garcel y sus rasgos espaciales, así como sobre las actividades realizadas en el yacimiento. Esto nos permite desarrollar una nueva perspectiva sobre el papel socio-económico del yacimiento en el sureste español durante la Prehistoria.
EVALUATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES IN DISCRIMINATING ECG SIGNALS OF MEN AND WOMEN DURING REST CONDITION AND EMOTIONAL STATES
Authors: Goshvarpour Ateke , Goshvarpour Atefeh , Abbasi Ataollah
Published: June 2018

Great range of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing methods can be found in the literature. In addition, the importance of gender differences in physiological activities was also identified in various conditions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of linear and nonlinear ECG parameters to indicate suitable signal processing approaches which can show significant differences between men and women. These differences were investigated in two conditions: (i) during rest condition, and (ii) during the affective image inducements. A wide range of parameters from time-, frequency-, wavelet-, and nonlinear-techniques were examined. Applying the Wilcoxon rank sum test, significant differences between two genders were inspected. The analysis was performed on 47 college students at rest condition and while subjects watching four types of affective pictures, including sadness, happiness, fear, and peacefulness. The impact of these emotions on the results was also investigated. The results indicated that 72.95% and 72.61% of all features were significantly different between male and female in rest condition and affective inducements, respectively. In addition, the highest percentage of the significant difference between ECG parameters of men and women was achieved using nonlinear characteristics. Considering all features together, the highest significant difference between two genders was achieved for negative emotions, including sadness and fear. In conclusion, the results of this study emphasized the importance of gender role in cardiac responses during rest condition and different emotional states. Since these gender differences are well manifested by nonlinear signal processing techniques, dynamical gender-specific ECG system may improve the automatic emotion recognition accuracies.
FRAGMENTAÇÃO TERRITORIAL: ANÁLISE DO PLEBISCITO DE DIVISÃO DO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Kzam Áthila Lima , Lopes Maria Lúcia Bahia , Abud Glenda Braga , Correa Rosália do Socorro Silva
Published: June 2018

O estado do Pará, no ano de 2011, realizou um plebiscito para a criação de dois outros estados a partir da divisão de seu território, Carajás e Tapajós. A participação popular nas decisões de fragmentação territorial é um evento raro no Brasil. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos necessários à fragmentação territorial e às peculiaridades desse processo no Pará. Para tanto, utilizou metodologia bibliográfica e de dados secundários, que compreenderam o desenvolvimento do processo emancipatório a luz da teoria do Desenvolvimento sócio-espacial. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar das urnas negarem a fragmentação do território paraense, os elementos necessários à sua confirmação continuam presentes, sendo a recusa explicada pelo desequilíbrio da localização geopolítica da população e a forma como foram conduzidas as campanhas a favor e contra a emancipação.
A CHINA QUE NINGUÉM VÊ: MIGRANTES CHINESES NO CENTRO COMERCIAL DAS CIDADES CEARENSES
Authors: Ferreira Elidiane Silva , Bomtempo Denise Cristina
Published: June 2018

No Brasil, no fim do século XX e início do século XXI, presenciamos um intenso movimento de pessoas que se deslocam em diferentes escalas, entre elas: metropolitana, intra-regional, inter-regional, global etc. Do ponto de vista da escala global, o movimento migratório chega ao país articulado às atividades econômicas vinculadas, sobretudo, aos circuitos da economia urbana e imprime marcas em cidades que desempenham diferenciadas funções na rede urbana brasileira. Nesse contexto, é possível identificar no Ceará investidores e trabalhadores de várias nacionalidades, entre eles, europeus que possuem um histórico de migrações com o país desde séculos anteriores, fronteiriços e asiáticos no qual estão inseridos os migrantes chineses. Esse grupo chegou ao Brasil a partir de 1810 e se dedicou a desenvolver atividades agrícolas, todavia no século XX passou a ampliar suas atividades laborais em outros setores da economia, na qual resultou em novas territorialidades na escala do território brasileiro, sobretudo nas grandes cidades, com destaque para: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Recife, Curitiba e Fortaleza; e também cidades de porte médio, tais como: Juazeiro do Norte e Sobral (CE). Atualmente, a presença dos migrantes chineses no centro das cidades cearenses, têm se tornado notória, já que eles se inserem principalmente através de atividades comerciais. Diante do exposto, objetiva-se neste artigo, analisar a migração chinesa nas cidades de Fortaleza, Sobral e Juazeiro do Norte, municípios do Estado do Ceará, bem como a articulação com as atividades econômicas ligadas aos circuitos da economia urbana.
Rethinking corruption in contemporary African philosophy: Old wine cannot fit
Authors: Ndaguba Emeka A. , Ndaguba Onyinye J. , Tshiyoyo Michel M. , Shai Kgothatso B.
Published: June 2018

To conceive the notion of corruption presupposes the existence of corrupt individuals, groups or organisations. The existence of corrupt individuals, groups or organisations you might say presupposes the presence of an entity. Every entity (i.e. state or corporate) has laid down procedures, processes and methods of doings and functioning. When these procedures and processes are negated, one could be accused of subversion. Subversion is an element in the definition of administrative corruption and is the unwillingness to follow stipulated plans of actions. An action that negates procedures falls under corrupt practice. This article will answer the following research questions: How has corruption been framed and perceived and what are the underlining consequences in Africa? In what ways, if any, has the prevailing perception of corruption undermined and understated the notion of corruption in Africa? In what ways can a remedial be conceived in the fight to make Africa free of corruption? And finally: How can Kleptoafronia be conceived as a panacea for corruption in the continent? This article uses themes and narrative analysis in the qualitative realm to provide answers to the research questions. Over 500 scholarly materials were read and scanned from journal articles, Internet sources, textbooks and several academic indexes to provide evidence for the arguments in this article from five disciplinary standpoints: political science, public administration, criminology, psychology and medical sciences. This article is a conceptual article that tends to demonstrate that corruption in Africa is a psych-administrative disorder termed – Kleptoafronia.
Continuous programme renewal and critical citizenship: Key items for the South African higher education curriculum agenda
Authors: Bitzer Eli , Costandius Elmarie
Published: June 2018

In this article, we explore the term ‘programme renewal’ and then continue to point out why programme renewal bodes an essential topic for continuous inquiry and attention. We also highlight the importance of approaching programme renewal from a sound theoretical base and point to the important issue of promoting critical citizenship with students in learning programmes. We finally point to the links between programme renewal and critical citizenship through four sample cases.
Intergovernmental planning and budgeting in Zimbabwe: learning the lessons of the past
Authors: Chigwata Tinashe C , Marumahoko Sylvester
Published: June 2018

In Zimbabwe, the Prime Minister’s Directives on Decentralisation and Development of 1984 and 1985, together with the Provincial Council and Administration Act 1985, constitute the foundation for post-independence attempts to ensure effective governance. The Directives provided for the establishment of hierarchical structures and mechanisms to coordinate government activities, including development planning at various levels of government. This paper asks whether these structures and mechanisms have been effective in promoting ‘sound’ intergovernmental planning and budgeting, and whether they are still relevant given that in 2013 Zimbabwe adopted a new Constitution with greater promises, visions and demands than its predecessor, the Lancaster House Constitution. The paper argues that the adoption of a new Constitution provides a valuable opportunity to reform the intergovernmental planning and budgeting process, which to date has proved ineffective in fostering integrated and coherent effective governance.
Evaluation of potential sources of a priori ozone profiles for TEMPO tropospheric ozone retrievals
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Liu Xiong , Zoogman Peter , Sullivan John , Newchurch Michael J. , Kuang Shi , Leblanc Thierry , McGee Thomas
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Potential sources of a priori ozone (O3) profiles for use in
Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) satellite
tropospheric O3 retrievals are evaluated with observations from
multiple Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) systems in North America.
An O3 profile climatology (tropopause-based O3 climatology
(TB-Clim), currently proposed for use in the TEMPO O3 retrieval
algorithm) derived from ozonesonde observations and O3 profiles from
three separate models (operational Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5)
Forward Processing (FP) product, reanalysis product from Modern-era
Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2), and
the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM)) were: (1) evaluated with TOLNet
measurements on various temporal scales (seasonally, daily, and hourly) and
(2) implemented as a priori information in theoretical TEMPO tropospheric
O3 retrievals in order to determine how each a priori impacts the
accuracy of retrieved tropospheric (0–10 km) and lowermost tropospheric
(LMT, 0–2 km) O3 columns. We found that all sources of a priori
O3 profiles evaluated in this study generally reproduced the vertical
structure of summer-averaged observations. However, larger differences
between the a priori profiles and lidar observations were calculated when
evaluating inter-daily and diurnal variability of tropospheric O3.
The TB-Clim O3 profile climatology was unable to replicate observed
inter-daily and diurnal variability of O3 while model products, in
particular GEOS-Chem simulations, displayed more skill in reproducing these
features. Due to the ability of models, primarily the CTM used in this study,
on average to capture the inter-daily and diurnal variability of tropospheric
and LMT O3 columns, using a priori profiles from CTM simulations
resulted in TEMPO retrievals with the best statistical comparison with lidar
observations. Furthermore, important from an air quality perspective, when
high LMT O3 values were observed, using CTM a priori profiles
resulted in TEMPO LMT O3 retrievals with the least bias. The
application of near-real-time (non-climatological) hourly and daily model
predictions as the a priori profile in TEMPO O3 retrievals will be
best suited when applying this data to study air quality or event-based
processes as the standard retrieval algorithm will still need to use a
climatology product. Follow-on studies to this work are currently being
conducted to investigate the application of different CTM-predicted
O3 climatology products in the standard TEMPO retrieval algorithm.
Finally, similar methods to those used in this study can be easily applied by
TEMPO data users to recalculate tropospheric O3 profiles provided
from the standard retrieval using a different source of a priori.
Kinetically controlled glass transition measurement of organic aerosol thin films using broadband dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yue , Katira Shachi , Lee Andrew , Lambe Andrew T. , Onasch Timothy B. , Xu Wen , Brooks William A. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Freedman Andrew , Jayne John T. , Worsnop Doug R. , Davidovits Paul , Chandler David , Kolb Charles E.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Glass transitions from liquid to semi-solid and solid phase states
have important implications for reactivity, growth, and cloud-forming (cloud
condensation nuclei and ice nucleation) capabilities of secondary organic
aerosols (SOAs). The small size and relatively low mass concentration of SOAs
in the atmosphere make it difficult to measure atmospheric SOA glass
transitions using conventional methods. To circumvent these difficulties, we
have adapted a new technique for measuring glass-forming properties of
atmospherically relevant organic aerosols. Aerosol particles to be studied
are deposited in the form of a thin film onto an interdigitated electrode
(IDE) using electrostatic precipitation. Dielectric spectroscopy provides
dipole relaxation rates for organic aerosols as a function of temperature
(373 to 233 K) that are used to calculate the glass transition temperatures
for several cooling or heating rates. IDE-enabled broadband dielectric
spectroscopy (BDS) was successfully used to measure the kinetically
controlled glass transition temperatures of aerosols consisting of glycerol
and four other compounds with selected cooling and heating rates. The glass
transition results agree well with available literature data for these five
compounds. The results indicate that the IDE-BDS method can provide accurate
glass transition data for organic aerosols under atmospheric conditions. The
BDS data obtained with the IDE-BDS technique can be used to characterize
glass transitions for both simulated and ambient organic aerosols and to
model their climate effects.
Fast time response measurements of particle size distributions in the 3–60 nm size range with the nucleation mode aerosol size spectrometer
Authors: Williamson Christina , Kupc Agnieszka , Wilson James , Gesler David W. , Reeves J. Michael , Erdesz Frank , McLaughlin Richard , Brock Charles A.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Earth's radiation budget is affected by new particle
formation (NPF) and the growth of these nanometre-scale particles to larger
sizes where they can directly scatter light or act as cloud condensation
nuclei (CCN). Large uncertainties remain in the magnitude and spatiotemporal
distribution of nucleation (less than 10 nm diameter) and Aitken (10–60 nm
diameter) mode particles. Acquiring size-distribution measurements of these
particles over large regions of the free troposphere is most easily
accomplished with research aircraft. We report on the design and performance of an airborne instrument, the
nucleation mode aerosol size spectrometer (NMASS), which provides
size-selected aerosol concentration measurements that can be differenced to
identify aerosol properties and processes or inverted to obtain a full size
distribution between 3 and 60 nm. By maintaining constant downstream
pressure the instrument operates reliably over a large range of ambient
pressures and during rapid changes in altitude, making it ideal for aircraft
measurements from the boundary layer to the stratosphere. We describe the modifications, operating principles, extensive calibrations,
and laboratory and in-flight performance of two NMASS instruments operated
in parallel as a 10-channel battery of condensation particle counters (CPCs)
in the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) to investigate NPF and
growth to cloud-active sizes in the remote free troposphere. An inversion
technique to obtain size distributions from the discrete concentrations of
each NMASS channel is described and evaluated. Concentrations measured by the two NMASS instruments flying in parallel are
self-consistent and also consistent with measurements made with an optical
particle counter. Extensive laboratory calibrations with a range of particle
sizes and compositions show repeatability of the response function of the
instrument to within 5–8 % and no sensitivity in sizing performance to
particle composition. Particle number, surface area, and volume
concentrations from the data inversion are determined to better than 20 %
for typical particle size distributions. The excellent performance of the
NMASS systems provides a strong analytical foundation to explore NPF around
the globe in the ATom dataset.
A new approach for GNSS tomography from a few GNSS stations
Authors: Ding Nan , Zhang Shubi , Wu Suqin , Wang Xiaoming , Kealy Allison , Zhang Kefei
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The determination of the distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere plays
an important role in the atmospheric monitoring. Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) tomography can be used to construct 3-D distribution of water
vapor over the field covered by a GNSS network with high temporal and spatial
resolutions. In current tomographic approaches, a pre-set fixed rectangular
field that roughly covers the area of the distribution of the GNSS signals on
the top plane of the tomographic field is commonly used for all tomographic
epochs. Due to too many unknown parameters needing to be estimated, the
accuracy of the tomographic solution degrades. Another issue of these
approaches is their unsuitability for GNSS networks with a low number of stations, as
the shape of the field covered by the GNSS signals is, in fact, roughly that of an
upside-down cone rather than the rectangular cube as the pre-set. In this
study, a new approach for determination of tomographic fields fitting the
real distribution of GNSS signals on different tomographic planes at
different tomographic epochs and also for discretization of the tomographic
fields based on the perimeter of the tomographic boundary on the plane and
meshing techniques is proposed. The new approach was tested using three
stations from the Hong Kong GNSS network and validated by comparing the
tomographic results against radiosonde data from King's Park Meteorological
Station (HKKP) during the one month period of May 2015. Results indicated
that the new approach is feasible for a three-station GNSS network
tomography. This is significant due to the fact that the conventional
approaches cannot even solve a network tomography from a few stations.
Orographic and convective gravity waves above the Alps and Andes Mountains during GPS radio occultation events – a case study
Authors: Hierro Rodrigo , Steiner Andrea K. , de la Torre Alejandro , Alexander Peter , Llamedo Pablo , Cremades Pablo
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) and convective systems play a fundamental role in
atmospheric circulation, weather, and climate. Two usual main sources of GWs
are orographic effects triggering mountain waves and convective activity. In
addition, GW generation by fronts and geostrophic adjustment must also be
considered. The utility of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation
(RO) observations for the detection of convective systems is tested. A
collocation database between RO events and convective systems over
subtropical to midlatitude mountain regions close to the Alps and Andes is
built. From the observation of large-amplitude GW structures in the
absence of jets and fronts, subsets of RO profiles are sampled. A
representative case study among those considered at each region is selected
and analyzed. The case studies are investigated using mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)
simulations, ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and measured RO temperature
profiles. The absence of fronts or jets during both case studies reveals
similar relevant GW features (main parameters, generation, and propagation).
Orographic and convective activity generates the observed GWs. Mountain waves
above the Alps reach higher altitudes than close to the Andes. In the Andes
case, a critical layer prevents the propagation of GW packets up to
stratospheric heights. The case studies are selected also because they
illustrate how the observational window for GW observations through RO
profiles admits a misleading interpretation of structures at different
altitude ranges. From recent results, the distortion introduced in the
measured atmospheric vertical wavelengths by one of the RO events is
discussed as an illustration. In the analysis, both the elevation angle of
the sounding path (line of tangent points) and the gravity wave aspect ratio
estimated from the simulations and the line of sight are taken into account.
In both case studies, a considerable distortion, over- and underestimation of
the vertical wavelengths measured by RO, may be expected.
Doppler W-band polarization diversity spaceborne radar simulator for wind studies
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Dhillon Ranvir , Illingworth Anthony
Published: June 2018

Abstract. CloudSat observations are used in combination with collocated ECMWF wind reanalysis to simulate spaceborne W-band Doppler observations from slant-looking radars. The simulator also includes cross-polarization effects which are relevant if the Doppler velocities are derived from polarization diversity pulse pair correlation. A specific conically scanning radar configuration (WIVERN), recently proposed to the ESA-Earth Explorer 10 call that aims to provide global in-cloud winds for data assimilation, is analysed in detail in this study. One hundred granules of CloudSat data are exploited to investigate the impact on Doppler velocity estimates from three specific effects: (1) non-uniform beam filling, (2) wind shear, and (3) cross talk between orthogonal polarization channels induced by hydrometeors and surface targets. Errors associated with non-uniform beam filling constitute the most important source of error and can account for almost 1 m s−1 standard deviation, but this can be reduced effectively to less than 0.5 m s−1 by adopting corrections based on estimates of vertical reflectivity gradients. Wind-shear-induced errors are generally much smaller (~ 0.2 m s−1). A methodology for correcting such errors has been developed based on estimates of the vertical wind shear and the reflectivity gradient. Low signal-to-noise ratios lead to higher random errors (especially in winds) and therefore the correction (particularly the one related to the wind-shear induced error) is less effective at low signal-to-noise ratio. Both errors can be underestimated in our model because the CloudSat data do not fully sample the spatial variability of the reflectivity fields whereas the ECMWF reanalysis may have smoother velocity fields than in reality (e.g. they underestimate vertical wind shear). The simulator allows quantification of the average number of accurate measurements that could be gathered by the Doppler radar for each polar orbit, which is strongly impacted by the selection of the polarization diversity H – V pulse separation, Thv. For WIVERN a selection close to 20 μs (with a corresponding folding velocity equal to 40 m s−1) seems to achieve the right balance between maximizing the number of accurate wind measurements (exceeding 10 % of the time at any particular level in the mid-troposphere), and minimizing aliasing effects in the presence of high winds. The study lays the foundation for future studies towards a thorough assessment of the performance of polar orbiting wide-swath W-band Doppler radars on a global scale. The next generation of scanning cloud radar systems and reanalyses with improved resolution will enable full capture of the spatial variability of the cloud reflectivity and the in-cloud wind fields, thus refining the results of this study.
PPP-based Swarm kinematic orbit determination
Authors: Ren Le , Schön Steffen
Published: June 2018

Abstract. ESA's Swarm mission offers excellent opportunities to study the ionosphere and to bridge the gap in gravity field recovery between GRACE and GRACE-FO. In order to contribute to these studies, at IfE Hannover, a software based on Precise Point Positioning (PPP) batch least-squares adjustment is developed for kinematic orbit determination. In this paper, the main achievements are presented. The approach for the detection and repair of cycle slips caused by ionospheric scintillation is introduced, which is based on the Melbourne-Wübbena and ionosphere-free linear combination. The results show that around 95 % cycle slips can be repaired and the majority of the cycle slips occur on L2. After the analysis and careful preprocessing of the observations, one year kinematic orbits of Swarm satellites from Sept., 2015 to Aug., 2016 are computed with the PPP approach. The kinematic orbits are validated with the reduced-dynamic orbits published by ESA in Swarm Level 2 products and the SLR measurements. The differences between our kinematic orbits and ESA reduced-dynamic orbits are at the 1.5 cm, 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm level in the along, cross and radial track, respectively. Remaining systematics are characterised by spectral analyses. The external validation with SLR measurements shows rms errors at the 4 cm level. Finally, fully populated covariance matrices of the kinematic orbits obtained from 30 s, 10 s and 1 s data rate are discussed. It is shown that for data rates larger than 10 s, the correlation should be taken into account when using POD coordinates as input for the gravity field recovery.
Recent past (1979–2014) and future (2070–2099) isoprene fluxes over Europe simulated with the MEGAN–MOHYCAN model
Authors: Bauwens Maite , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Müller Jean-François , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , De Cruz Lesley , De Troch Rozemien , Giot Olivier , Hamdi Rafiq , Termonia Piet , Laffineur Quentin , Amelynck Crist , Schoon Niels , Heinesch Bernard , Holst Thomas , Arneth Almut , Ceulemans Reinhart , Sanchez-Lorenzo Arturo , Guenther Alex
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Isoprene is a highly reactive volatile organic compound emitted by
vegetation, known to be a precursor of secondary organic aerosols and to
enhance tropospheric ozone formation under polluted conditions. Isoprene
emissions respond strongly to changes in meteorological parameters such as
temperature and solar radiation. In addition, the increasing CO2
concentration has a dual effect, as it causes both a direct emission
inhibition as well as an increase in biomass through fertilization. In this
study we used the MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from
Nature) emission model coupled with the MOHYCAN (Model of HYdrocarbon
emissions by the CANopy) canopy model to calculate the isoprene fluxes
emitted by vegetation in the recent past (1979–2014) and in the future
(2070–2099) over Europe at a resolution of 0.1∘×0.1∘. As a result of the changing climate, modeled isoprene fluxes
increased by 1.1 % yr−1 on average in Europe over 1979–2014, with
the strongest trends found over eastern Europe and European Russia, whereas
accounting for the CO2 inhibition effect led to reduced emission
trends (0.76 % yr−1). Comparisons with field campaign measurements
at seven European sites suggest that the MEGAN–MOHYCAN model provides a
reliable representation of the temporal variability of the isoprene fluxes
over timescales between 1 h and several months. For the 1979–2014 period
the model was driven by the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis fields, whereas for
the comparison of current with projected future emissions, we used
meteorology simulated with the ALARO regional climate model. Depending on the
representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios for greenhouse gas
concentration trajectories driving the climate projections, isoprene
emissions were found to increase by +7 % (RCP2.6), +33 %
(RCP4.5), and +83 % (RCP8.5), compared to the control simulation, and
even stronger increases were found when considering the potential impact of
CO2 fertilization: +15 % (RCP2.6), +52 % (RCP4.5), and
+141 % (RCP8.5). However, the inhibitory CO2 effect goes a long
way towards canceling these increases. Based on two distinct
parameterizations, representing strong or moderate inhibition, the projected
emissions accounting for all effects were estimated to be 0–17 % (strong
inhibition) and 11–65 % (moderate inhibition) higher than in the control
simulation. The difference obtained using the two CO2
parameterizations underscores the large uncertainty associated to this
effect.
Upside-down fluxes Down Under: CO2 net sink in winter and net source in summer in a temperate evergreen broadleaf forest
Authors: Renchon Alexandre A. , Griebel Anne , Metzen Daniel , Williams Christopher A. , Medlyn Belinda , Duursma Remko A. , Barton Craig V. M. , Maier Chelsea , Boer Matthias M. , Isaac Peter , Tissue David , Resco de Dios Victor , Pendall Elise
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Predicting the seasonal dynamics of ecosystem carbon fluxes is challenging in
broadleaved evergreen forests because of their moderate climates and subtle
changes in canopy phenology. We assessed the climatic and biotic drivers of
the seasonality of net ecosystem–atmosphere CO2 exchange (NEE) of
a eucalyptus-dominated forest near Sydney, Australia, using the eddy
covariance method. The climate is characterised by a mean annual
precipitation of 800 mm and a mean annual temperature of 18 ∘C, hot
summers and mild winters, with highly variable precipitation. In the 4-year
study, the ecosystem was a sink each year (−225 g C m−2 yr−1
on average, with a standard deviation of 108 g C m−2 yr−1);
inter-annual variations were not related to meteorological conditions. Daily
net C uptake was always detected during the cooler, drier winter months (June
through August), while net C loss occurred during the warmer, wetter summer
months (December through February). Gross primary productivity (GPP)
seasonality was low, despite longer days with higher light intensity in
summer, because vapour pressure deficit (D) and air temperature
(Ta) restricted surface conductance during summer while winter
temperatures were still high enough to support photosynthesis. Maximum GPP
during ideal environmental conditions was significantly correlated with
remotely sensed enhanced vegetation index (EVI; r2 = 0.46) and with
canopy leaf area index (LAI; r2 = 0.29), which increased rapidly
after mid-summer rainfall events. Ecosystem respiration (ER) was highest
during summer in wet soils and lowest during winter months. ER had larger
seasonal amplitude compared to GPP, and therefore drove the seasonal
variation of NEE. Because summer carbon uptake may become increasingly
limited by atmospheric demand and high temperature, and because ecosystem
respiration could be enhanced by rising temperatures, our results suggest the potential for large-scale seasonal
shifts in NEE in sclerophyll vegetation under climate change.
A Hybrid Fluxgate and Search Coil Magnetometer Concept Using a Racetrack Core
Authors: Miles David M. , Narod B. Barry , Milling David K. , Mann Ian R. , Barona David , Hospodarsky George B.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A proof-of-concept hybrid magnetometer is presented which simultaneously operates as both a fluxgate and a search coil allowing it to sense the magnetic field from DC to two kHz using a single sensor. Historically, such measurements would normally require two dedicated instruments and each would typically require deployment on its own dedicated boom as the instruments mutually interfere. A racetrack fluxgate core combined with a long solenoidal sense winding is shown to be moderately effective as a search coil magnetometer and the search coil effect can be captured without introducing significant hardware complexity beyond what is already present in a typical fluxgate instrument. Several methods of optimizing the search coil action of the hybrid instrument are compared with the best providing sensitivity and noise performance between comparably sized traditional air core and solid core search coil instruments. This hybrid sensor topology should miniaturize to platforms such a CubeSats where multiple boom-mounted instruments are generally impractical so a single hybrid instrument providing modest, but scientifically useful, sensitivity from DC to kHz frequencies would be beneficial.
The implementation of NEMS GFS Aerosol Component (NGAC) Version 2.0 for global multispecies forecasting at NOAA/NCEP – Part 1: Model descriptions
Authors: Wang Jun , Bhattacharjee Partha S. , Tallapragada Vijay , Lu Cheng-Hsuan , Kondragunta Shobha , da Silva Arlindo , Zhang Xiaoyang , Chen Sheng-Po , Wei Shih-Wei , Darmenov Anton S. , McQueen Jeff , Lee Pius , Koner Prabhat , Harris Andy
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The NEMS GFS Aerosol Component Version 2.0 (NGACv2) for global multispecies
aerosol forecast has been developed at the National Centers of Environment
Prediction (NCEP) in collaboration with the NESDIS Center for Satellite
Applications and Research (STAR), the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
(GSFC), and the University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNYA).
This paper describes the continuous development of the NGAC system at NCEP
after the initial global dust-only forecast implementation (NGAC version 1.0,
NGACv1). With NGACv2, additional sea salt, sulfate, organic carbon, and black
carbon aerosol species were included. The smoke emissions are from the NESDIS
STAR's Global Biomass Burning Product (GBBEPx), blended from the global
biomass burning emission product from a constellation of geostationary
satellites (GBBEP-Geo) and GSFC's Quick Fire Emission Data Version 2 from a
polar-orbiting sensor (QFED2). This implementation advanced the global
aerosol forecast capability and made a step forward toward developing a
global aerosol data assimilation system. The aerosol products from this
system have been used by many applications such as for regional air quality
model lateral boundary conditions, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) physical retrievals, and
the global solar insolation estimation. Positive impacts have been seen in
these applications.