bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Consumer’s Guide to Eggs
Authors: Beatty Jeanine , Shelnutt Karla , Kauwell Gail P. A.
Published: October 2020

People have been eating eggs for centuries. Records as far back as 1400 BC show that the Chinese and Egyptians raised birds for their eggs. The first domesticated birds to reach the Americas arrived in 1493 on Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the New World. Most food stores in the United States offer many varieties of chicken eggs to choose from — white, brown, organic, cage free, vegetarian, omega-3 fatty acid enriched, and more. The bottom line is that buying eggs is not as simple as it used to be because more choices exist today. This 4-page fact sheet will help you understand the choices you have as a consumer, so you can determine which variety of egg suits you and your family best. Written by Jeanine Beatty, Karla Shelnutt, and Gail Kauwell, and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1357
Lettuce Cultivars Suitable for Use in Southern Florida
Authors: Lu Huangjun
Published: October 2020

Lettuce is an economically important winter vegetable crop in Florida, with approximately 11,000 acres in production and a farm gate value of $40–$50 million annually. Florida lettuce production occurs mainly in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). In recent years, research scientists at the University of Florida conducted variety trials that included the major cultivars of romaine and iceberg types. These trials were conducted on organic soil in the Everglades Agricultural Area and the IFAS-recommended practice was followed. This 3-page fact sheet describes lettuce cultivars suitable for production on organic soils in the EAA of southern Florida. Written by Huangjun Lu, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2013.

http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1225
Eastern Bloodsucking Conenose, Triatoma sanguisuga (LeConte) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)
Authors: Capinera John L.
Published: October 2020

The eastern bloodsucking conenose belongs to the subfamily Triatominae, known as the kissing bugs. Despite their affectionate vernacular name, they are particularly threatening “assassin bugs” who require blood meals to survive and reproduce. They are a known vector of American trypanosomiasis (or Chagas Disease) in South America, a debilitating illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This disease is a problem in South and Central America and has been detected in the United States, but has not been found in Florida. This 4-page fact sheet was written by John L. Capinera, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1018
False Chinch Bug Nysius raphanus Howard (Insecta: Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
Authors: Panthi Babu , Evans Braden , Renkema Justin
Published: October 2020

The false chinch bug, Nysius raphanus Howard, is a small, greyish, native North American herbivorous seed bug. It is recognized as the most serious pest among members of the genus Nysius, but reports of heavy infestations and serious crop damage are uncommon. Includes: Introduction - Distribution - Description and Life Cycle - Host Plants - Damage - Management - Selected Referenceshttps://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1212

Also published at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/ORN/TURF/false_chinch_bug.html
Delta Flower Beetle Trigonopeltastes delta (Forster 1771) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae : Cetoniinae : Tribe, Trichiini)
Authors: Jones Brandon , Lucky Andrea
Published: October 2020

The delta flower beetle, Trigonopeltastes delta (Forster), is a member of the scarab beetle family Scarabaeidae, in the subfamily Cetoniinae. This subfamily is commonly known as flower or fruit chafers because their diet consists mostly of decomposing fruits or pollen (Cave and Ratcliffe 2008). Trigonopeltastes delta belongs to the tribe Trichiini, which contains mostly flower-frequenting species. Although this species is commonly encountered where it occurs, many details of its life cycle and its potential economic importance remain poorly studied. Like many other cetoniines, the delta flower beetle has bright colors and distinctive patterns that distinguish it from other similar species. Includes: Introduction - Etymology and Synonymy - Distribution - Description and Life Cycle - Hosts - Economic Importance - Selected References.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1214

Also published at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/BENEFICIAL/BEETLES/delta_flower_beetle.html
The Savvy Survey #4: Details in the Design
Authors: Israel Glenn D. , Gouldthorpe Jessica L.
Published: October 2020

As part of the Savvy Survey Series, this publication provides an overview of important facets of the survey process. Topics covered include modes for collecting responses, strategies for contacting clients and personalizing contacts, and tips for using incentives. The ability of a survey to gather accurate and useful information for assessing program needs or evaluating program outcomes is greatly influenced by the survey’s design. Careful attention to detail is essential. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Glenn D. Israel and Jessica L. Gouldthorpe, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pd064
Maximizing the Benefits of Reclaimed Water for Irrigating the Landscape and Protecting the Environment
Authors: Hochmuth George , Trenholm Laurie , Rainey Don , Momol Esen , Lewis Claire , Niemann Brian
Published: October 2020

Reclaimed water is water that has been treated in municipal wastewater facilities and is safe to use for designated purposes, including residential landscape irrigation. “Water reuse” is the term used to describe the beneficial application of reclaimed water. Approximately 663 million gallons of reclaimed water are used daily in Florida. Florida is a national leader in using reclaimed water, and in 2006 Florida’s reuse program received the first U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Efficiency Leader Award. Using reclaimed water in Florida meets a state objective for conserving freshwater supplies, and preserves the water quality of rivers, streams, lakes, and aquifers. This publication discusses the benefits of using reclaimed water to irrigate the landscape and explains how using reclaimed water helps to protect the environment. This 4-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Don Rainey, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss587
Optimation and Sensory Profile of Functional Drink from Cinnamon and Cardamom
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Sativa Novriza , Hariadi Hari , Triandita Nanda , Putri Nela Eska
Published: October 2020

Functional drinks can be made from local herbal ingredients that are often used for spices such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and cardamom (Amomum compactum). The purpose of this study is to determine the best formulation of cinnamon and cardamon as a herbal drink based on moisture content, ash content , and sensory evaluation. Raw materials were dried at 50 °C until reached a maximum moisture content 10% and were reduced in size. The formulations were made of comparison between cinnamon and cardamom which were A (100: 0)%; B (80:20)%; C (60:40)%; D (50:50)%; E (40:60)%; F (20:80)%; and G (0: 100)%. The moisture content of all formulas is between 7.12-7.33% (<10%) and the ash content of all formulas is between 4.83-5.06%. The results of sensory analysis showed that formula B had the best acceptance for color (3.03) and aroma (3.17). Thisproducthad moisture 7.23 % and ash content 4.83 %.
Endophytic Bacterial Consortia as Biological Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight and Plant Growth Promoter of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Resti Zurai , Liswarni Yenny , Martinius Martinius
Published: October 2020

The consortia of endophytic bacteria with various mechanisms (competition, antibiotics, induction of resistance, and others), simultaneously, are more effective in controlling pathogens and increasing plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain endophytic bacterial consortia capable of suppressing of bacterial leaf blight and promoting the growth of rice plants. The study consisted of three experimental stages. The first stage was the test on the antibiosis ability of the endophytic bacterial consortia to suppress of pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) using the Kirby Bauer method. The second stage was the test on the ability of endophytic bacterial consortia to promote the growth of rice seedlings. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of six combinations of endophytic bacterial consortia and 15 replications within each combination. The endophytic bacterial consortia were introduced by soaking the seeds, and the observations were made on the plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of rice seedlings. Meanwhile, the third stage was the test on the ability of endophytic bacterial consortia to suppress of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) diseases and to promote the rice plant growth. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six combinations of endophytic bacterial consortia and five replications within each combination. The endophytic bacterial consortia were introduced by soaking the roots of the seedlings. The observations were made on the incidence of disease, disease severity, number of leaves, plant height, and number of tillers. The results showed that all endophytic bacterial consortia had antibiosis abilities. The best endophytic bacterial consortia for controlling bacterial leaf blight and promoting the growth of rice seedlings and plants were the C (Bacillus sp SJI; Bacillus sp HI) and D (Bacillus sp SJI; S.marcescens isolate JB1E3) consortia.
Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems between Conservation Agriculture and Conventional Practice in The Asal Area of Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Rabach Vincent O , Koske James , Muna Monicah Mucheru , Muriuki Jonathan , Ngare Innocent Osoro
Published: October 2020

Dryland ecosystems have always been prone to relatively high vegetation and general environmental degradation; translating to changes in soil physical and chemical properties and massive carbon losses. Despite their vast surface area, Carbon sequestration therein still remains low. However, this low carbon means they are less saturated and therefore a tremendous potential therein to sequester more Carbon. Conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT) presents an opportunity to reduce the degradation and enhance the carbon stocks. This study was set to compare the biomass productivity and carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry between conventional and conservation agriculture practice. The  study was carried out as part of ongoing experimentation established in short rain (SR) season of 2012 by the World Agroforestry Centre in a trial site at the Agricultural Training Centre (ATC) in Machakos county, Kenya. The trials adopted a split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with two farming systems (conventional and conservation agriculture) as the main blocks, 7 treatments and three replicates, summing to a total of 42 plots. In the fields, two shrub species (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. and Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) were planted in three different spacing (1.5x1 m, 3x1 m, 4.5x1 m) for maize-legume intercrops. Trees were harvested by coppicing, weighed and leaf/twig samples taken for determination of biomass, which was then converted to Carbon using a conversion factor 0.5. The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and means separated using LSD at p <0.05. Results showed significant increase in carbon sequestration under conservation agriculture (p <0.001), with a yearly sequestration potential of between 12.8 and 24 Mg C/ha/yr compared to 11.6-23 Mg C/ha/yr for conventional practice. Calliandra also sequestered more carbon than Gliricidia. CAWT is therefore concluded to be a feasible way of increasing carbon stocks in the drylands.
The mesoeconomic Odyssey: Between Scylla of macroeconomics and Charybdis of microeconomics (On the book “Mesoeconomics: Elements of a new paradigm” edited by V. I. Mayevsky and S. G. Kirdina-Chandler)
Authors: Kleiner G. B.
Published: October 2020

The monograph “Mesoeconomics: Elements of a new paradigm”, prepared by the collective of Russian and foreign scientists, reveals the stages and genesis’s internal logic of one of the most promising areas of modern economic science — mesoeconomics. This article identifies the empirical, managerial, theoretical, and system-wide foundations for the need for mesoeconomics to arise as an independent discipline. The importance of the economy’s mesolevel for the transition to the trajectory of the sustainable evolutionary growth of Russia is emphasized. It is proposed to institutionalize the belonging of economic objects to the economy’s mesolevel, introducing the status of a “mesoeconomic organization” for them. It is a prerequisite for separating mesoeconomic formations from microeconomic objects and macroeconomic systems. This status allows introducing special tax regimes, facilitating access to state orders, while strengthening the social responsibility of the mesoeconomic organization to the state, business, economy, and society. The role of the Center for Evolutionary Economics of the Institute of Economics, RAS as the “assembly point” of modern research in the field of mesoeconomics is emphasized.
How Data Imputation Affects Crash Modeling Results
Authors: Adediji Yemi , Noland Robert
Published: October 2020

Crash modification factors (CMF) are used to determine safety treatments for highways. These are based on estimates from correlations of road geometry attributes with crash frequency. These estimates are derived from models using datasets that may have missing data and analysts may choose how to compensate for this. Using data from North Carolina, we examine changes in inferences associated with missing data by comparing models with full data sets with models where we omit vehicle kilometers traveled and impute the missing data. Results were mixed, showing notable changes for some variables. This could potentially lead to bad decisions in practice on how to improve road safety.
The current state of the legislative implementation of criminal law policy
Authors: Ostrohliad Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

Purpose. The aim of the work is to consider the novelties of the legislative work, which provide for the concept and classification of criminal offenses in accordance with the current edition of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the draft of the new Code developed by the working group and put up for public discussion. Point out the gaps in the current legislation and the need to revise individual rules of the project in this aspect. The methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative, comparative-historical. Results In the course of the study, it was determined that despite the fact that the amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine came into force in July of this year, their perfection, in terms of legal technology, raises many objections. On the basis of a comparative study, it was determined that the Draft Criminal Code of Ukraine needs further revision taking into account the opinions of experts in the process of public discussion. Originality. In the course of the study, it was established that the classification of criminal offenses proposed in the new edition of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not stand up to criticism, since other elements of the classification appear in subsequent articles, which are not covered by the existing one. The draft Code, using a qualitatively new approach to this issue, retains the elements of the previous classification and has no practical significance in law enforcement. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities to improve the norms of the current Criminal Code, to classify criminal offenses, as well as to further improve the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Typologization of security regulation
Authors: Tikhomirov Denis
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.
Investigation of Mixing and Compaction Temperatures of Modified Hot Asphalt and Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Almusawi Ali , Sengoz Burak , Topal Ali
Published: October 2020

The determination of mixing and compaction temperatures through the Equiviscous method has been defined as the standard method and it is designed for the base bitumen (unmodified bitumen) based on the viscosity measurements. The implementation of the Equiviscous method for the modified bitumen resulted in high mixing and compaction temperatures which may not be required during the construction of the asphalt mixtures. This study aims to investigate several alternative methods proposed in the literature named as high shear rate method, zero shear viscosity method, steady shear flow method, and phase angle method. Besides, the obtained mixing and compaction temperatures results are compared with the standard (equiviscous) method. For this purpose, 50/70 penetration grade bitumen modified with 5 % elastomeric type – Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS), and 1.5 % Reactive Elastomeric Terpolymer type – Elvaloy (RET) has been used. The study also aims to measure the applicability of the proposed alternative methods for the warm mix asphalt involving organic and chemical additives. The results have shown that for the polymer modified bitumen, the application of all proposed methods in the literature resulted in lower mixing and compaction temperatures compared to the Equiviscous method. While for the warm mix asphalt, the implementation of the steady shear flow method resulted in lesser temperatures compared to the Equiviscous method.
Aikuiskasvatustutkimus viidessä maassa
Authors: Pantzar Eero
Published: October 2020

Lectio praecursoria väitöstilaisuudessa 16.3.1985 (Tampereen yliopisto)
Hegel and the mathematics community: a left-side history
Authors: Baldino Roberto Ribeiro
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Starting from a proof of the fundamental theorem of calculus accessible to K-12 students, we apply Hegel’s Science of Logic to Barrow’s theorem. This article may also be considered as an introduction to speculative philosophy, adequate for mathematics educators. We focus on the subsection Barrier and Ought, where Hegel twists Kant’s aphorism you can because you ought and obtains a precept of action aimed at infirming conservative political positions. We direct Hegel’s Ought to criticize the pedagogical conservatism of the twentieth century mathematics (M20) community and its consequences to mathematics education. From the development of the article we elicit the concept of speculative mathematics as a political agenda for mathematics education.

Keywors: Fundamental theorem of calculus; Barrow’s theorem; Hegel’s Logic; Speculative philosophy; Mathematics community.

 

Hegel e a comunidade matemática: uma história pela esquerda

Resumo: A parir de uma demonstração do teorema fundamental do cálculo, acessível ao ensino médio, aplicamos a Ciência da Lógica de Hegel ao teorema de Barrow. O artigo também pode ser considerado como introdução à filosofia especulativa, adequada a educadores matemáticos. Focalizamos a subseção Barrier and Ought (Barreira e Dever), onde Hegel altera o aforismo kantiano podes porque deves e obtém um preceito para ação dirigido a abalar posições políticas conservadoras. Valemo-nos do Dever em Hegel para criticar o conservadorismo da comunidade de matemática do século vinte (M20) e suas consequências para a educação matemática. A partir do desenvolvimento do artigo, inferimos o conceito de matemática especulativa como agenda política para a educação matemática.

Palavras-chave: Teorema fundamental do cálculo; Teorema de Barrow; Lógica de Hegel; Filosofia especulativa; Comunidade matemática
Mathematics and Ethics
Authors: Skovsmose Ole
Published: October 2020

In the philosophy of mathematics, ontological and epistemological questions have been discussed for centuries. These two set of questions span out a two-dimensional philosophy of mathematics. I find it important to establish a four dimensional philosophy of mathematics by adding two more dimensions, namely a sociological and an ethical dimension. The sociological dimension addresses the social formation of mathematics, while the ethical dimension addresses the mathematical formation of the social. In this article, I concentrate on exploring the ethical dimension by showing the broad range of social implications set in motion through bringing mathematics into action. These implications I illustrate in terms of quantifying, digitalising, serialising, categorising, and imagining. By the banality of mathematical expertise, I refer to the phenomenon that the formation of this expertise takes place in an ethical vacuum. To me this is a devastating feature of mathematical research and application practices. It is important that a philosophy of mathematics brings mathematics out of this vacuum.
Keywords: Four-dimensional philosophy of mathematics; Ethics; Mathematics in action; Quantification; Digitalization.
Pengaruh Latihan Lari Zig – Zag Menggunakan Beban Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Dribbling dalam Permainan Sepak Bola Pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 4 Seluma
Authors: Novsir Beni , Defliyanto Defliyanto , Yarmani Yarmani
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Zig-Zag Running Exercise Using Loads on Improving Dribbling Skills in Football Games for Extracurricular High School Students in Seluma State High School 4. This type of research used in this research is quantitative research Experiment One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The population in this study were all extracurricular activities in SMA NEGERI 4 Seluma, amounting to 30 people. The results of the study of the Effect of Zig-Zag Running Exercise Using Load Against Improvement of Dribbling Skills in Football Games in Extracurricular High School Students of Seluma 4 Seluma obtained pretest results of 44.03 and posttest average results of 46.3 with a difference of 2.27 and the results of t count is 1,738> from t table 1,699. Based on statistical tests with ? = 5% (0.05) that H0 is rejected or Ha is received systematically that Zig-Zag Running exercises affect Dribbling skills.
Studi Analisis Pembinaan Prestasi Ekstrakulikuler Futsal Di SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Sudrajat Riyandi , Yarmani Yarmani , Sihombing Santun
Published: October 2020

This study aims to find out about futsal extracurricular achievements at SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu. The problem examined in this study is how the Development of Futsal Extracurricular Participant Development at SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu. The data sources of this study include coaches, trainers, and extracurricular participants, as well as documents. In this study using qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaire, interview, and documentation techniques. The sample was studied by futsal participants at SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu, totaling 28 students. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that, 1) The making of training programs and recruitment of extracurricular participants has not been going well, plus it is not supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure. 2) There is no specific selection to take part in Futsal extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu. 3). The direction of futsal extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu in terms of time and discipline has gone well. 4). Funding sources for futsal extracurricular activities at SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu do not have and specifically from schools.
Analisis Kondisi Fisik Atlet Club Bola Voli Putri Di Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2020
Authors: Silpina Pipin , Sugihartono Tono , Sutisyana Ari
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the differences in pliometric training of single leg speed hops and double leg speed hops on the ability of squat style long jump in SMA Negeri 08 Bengkulu Utara. The type of research used in this study was quasi-experimental. The sample in this study was students at SMA Negeri 08 Bengkulu Utara which numbered 50 students. The statistical analysis used is the t test. The results of the t-test analysis of the comparison calculation between the final results of the two groups turned out to have a significant difference. The calculation results state that tcount of 3.02 is greater than ttable 2.069 with the level of ? = 0.05, so it can be concluded that there are differences in the influence of the single leg speed hop pliometric exercise and double leg speed hop hops on the ability of squat style long jump.
La voce dei Pazienti: Trapianto da donatore vivente: l'importanza di essere informati: Una storia come tante, eppure molto speciale
Authors: L.B.   , A.F.  
Published: October 2020

Abstract non disponibile
İslâm Yargılama Hukukunda İhtiyatî Tedbir: Mâlikî Hukukunda Ukle/Tevkîf
Authors: Dilek Uğur Bekir
Published: October 2020

İhtiyatî tedbir, davanın açılması ile kesin hükmün verilmesi arasında geçen süre zarfında, dava konusu malda meydana gelebilecek ve hükmün icrasını imkânsız veya çok güç hâle getirebilecek zararlara karşı öngörülmüş bir geçici hukukî korumadır. Amaç, davacının davayı kazanması hâlinde dava konusu mala kavuşmasını dava sırasında veya davadan önce emniyet altına almaktır. Bu amacı ve geçici niteliği gereği ihtiyatî tedbir talebi, basit yargılama usulüne göre incelenir ve karar için davacının iddiasını yaklaşık olarak ispat etmesi yeterli görülür. İhtiyatî tedbir terimi modern dönem öncesi İslâm hukuk terminolojisinde yer almaz. Ancak İmam Mâlik başta olmak üzere Mâlikî hukukçular tarafından ele alınan ve “ukle, tevkîf ve haylûle” gibi isimlerle anılan uygulama, ihtiyatî tedbire karşılık gelir. Mâlikîler, günümüz hukuk sistemlerinde olduğu gibi ihtiyatî tedbir kararı alınabilmesi için davacının iddiasını yaklaşık olarak ispat etmesini yeterli görmüşler ve delilin kuvvetine ve dava konusu mala göre kararın nasıl uygulanacağına dair ayrıntılı düzenlemeler yapmışlardır. Bu çalışmada İslâm hukuku açısından ihtiyatî tedbir, Mâlikî hukukunda yer alan uygulama çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır.
Kutsal Kitapların Makamsal Okuyuşlarında Bulunan Uzayan Hecelerin Melodik Yapı Karşılaştırması
Authors: Çiftçi Muhammed Recai
Published: October 2020

Yapılan gözlemler İstanbul’da yaşayan Hristiyanların İncil’i, Müslümanların ise Kur’an’ı makamsal olarak okuduklarını ve bu okuyuşlardaki susma paylarından hemen önce bulunan hece veya heceleri zamansal olarak uzattıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Söz konusu uzayan heceler aynı zamanda melodik bir karaktere sahiptir. Cümle sonlarındaki uzayan hecelerde kullanılan melodik yapıların ne düzeyde benzerlikler taşıdığını tespit etmek bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırma, kutsal kitap okuyuşlarındaki uzayan hecelerde oluşturulan melodik yapılarda bir benzeşme bulunduğu hipotezi üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu araştırma sürecinde ilk olarak alanlarını temsil kabiliyetine sahip okuyucular tespit edilmiştir. Kilise ve camide görev yapan bu okuyuculardan alınan Hüzzam makamındaki okuyuş örnekleri notaya alınmıştır. Ardından icralarda bulunan uzayan hecelerin melodik yapılarındaki aralık sayıları, uzama süreleri ve bunlarda kullanılan perde adetleri tablolaştırılmıştır. Bu şekilde her iki dini grubun da icra ettiği dini müziğin ne düzeyde benzerlikler taşıdığı ortaya konmuştur. Bulguların analiz edilip değerlendirmesiyle, Hristiyan ve Müslümanların ibadethanelerinde okudukları kutsal kitaplarda bulunan uzayan hecelerdeki melodik yapıların benzeşmediği sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Kur’an Yorumunda Bağlamsal Anlamın Gramatik Çözümleme Üzerindeki Etkisi -Ebû Hayyân el-Endelüsî’nin Takdim-İhtisas İlişkisi Konusunda Zemahşerî’ye Yönelik Eleştirisi Bağlamında-
Authors: Aydın Bünyamin
Published: October 2020

Cümlenin gramatik yapısı birden çok çözümlemeye imkân tanıdığında, metnin dolaylı muha-taplarına ait gramatik çözümlemeler, siyasî, itikadî ve fikrî eğilimlerin etkisine açık hâle gel-mektedir. Bu durum bağlamsal unsurların gramatik çözümleme üzerinde belirleyici olabileceği anlamına gelir. Bağlam ile gramatik çözümleme arasındaki ilişkiye dair tartışmaların bir tara-fında tüm dilsel bağlamlarda geçerli gramatik çözümlemelerin üretilebileceği iddiası, diğer tarafında ise gramatik çözümlemenin birtakım semantik sınırlılıklarla çevrili olduğu ve bağlam-sal koşullar tarafından yönlendirildiği savı yer almaktadır. Ebû Hayyân’ın Zemahşerî’ye yö-nelttiği eleştiri bu noktaya odaklanır. Zemahşerî, mefʻûlün fiile mukaddem olduğu cümlelerde ihtisas anlamının bulunduğu görüşündedir. Gramatik çözümlemenin dayanağının bağlam olma-sı gerektiğini savunan Ebû Hayyân’a göre ise ihtisas anlamının elde edilmesinde belirleyici unsur bağlamdır ve ifadenin salt dilsel yapısı üzerine kurgulanan bir çözümleme doğru sonuçlar vermeyecektir. Çalışmada bağlamın gramatik anlam üzerinde ne ölçüde belirleyici olduğu hu-susu tartışılacak; gramatik çözümlemenin niteliği ve gramatik yorum-bağlam ilişkisinin keyfiye-ti, Arap dili ve tefsir alanlarında önemli çalışmaları olan iki dilciden Ebû Hayyân’ın takdim-ihtisas ilişkisi konusunda Zemahşerî’ye yönelttiği eleştiri üzerinden değerlendirilecektir. Böyle-likle gramatik çözümlemenin dilsel referanslar dışında bir dayanağının bulunup bulunmadığı sorusunun yanında bir gramatik kuralın tüm dilsel bağlamlarda geçerlilik kazanıp kazanmadığı sorusuna cevap aranacaktır.
Safedî’nin Kur’an’ın Kur’an’la Tefsiri Yöntemine Yaklaşımı
Authors: Büyük Enes
Published: October 2020

Kur’an erken dönemlerden itibaren sistematik olarak tefsir edilmiş olup onun tefsir süreci halihazırda devam etmektedir. Tefsir sürecinin en önemli yönlerinden biri doğru anlama ulaşabilmek için doğru esasların kullanılmasıdır. Bu sebeple tefsir ilminde dikkate alınan yöntemlerden biri de Kur’an’ın Kur’an’la tefsir edilmesidir. Bu yöntem günümüzde tefsir usulü meselelerinden biri olarak tartışılmakta ve onun belirlenmesi konusunda İbn Teymiyye ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. Ancak yöntem onun çağdaşı Safedî’nin Keşfu’l-esrâr ve hetkü’l-estâr adlı tefsirinde de öne çıkmakta ve sistematik olarak uygulanmaktadır. Safedî, tefsirinde, beyana muhtaç olan âyetlerin Kur’an’da açıklandığına dair mutlaklık içeren ifadeler serdetmekte ve rivayetlere çok az yer vermektedir. Bu sebeplerden dolayı onun tefsirinde bu usul ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Makalede ise Safedî’nin konuya yönelik açıklamaları, yöntemin mutlaklık içerip içermediği, tatbik ediliş tarzları incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Öncelikle Safedî’nin bu hususta diğer müfessirler karşısındaki konumunu daha iyi görebilmek için onun öncesindeki tefsirlerde yöntemin varlığına dair diğer müfessirlerin açıklamaları tespit edilmiştir. Haliyle Safedî’nin konu hakkındaki görüşleri ortaya konarak mezkûr tartışmalara katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.
17. Yüzyıl Eşʿarîliği’ne Dair Bir Kaynak: Cevheretü’t-tevḥîd
Authors: Sever Mehmet
Published: October 2020

Eşʿarîlîk İslam düşüncesinde önemli temsilcileri bulunan bir mezheptir. Teşekkül döneminin hemen ardından İslam coğrafyasının farklı bölgelerinde önemli düşünürler ile temsil edilmiştir. Kısa zaman içerisinde Ehl-i Sünnet’in önemli bir temsilcisi haline gelen Eşʿarîliğin bu süreç içerisinde taraftar kazanmasının en önemli faktörlerinden biri, Bağdat’taki Mâlikî fakihlerin Eşʿarî görüşleri benimsemiş olmasıdır. Özellikle Eşʿarî geleneğin önemli bir teorisyeni olarak kabul edilen Bâkıllânî’nin de Mâlikî olması bu süreci hızlandırmıştır. Böylece Mâlikî fakihlerin desteğini temin eden Eşʿarîlik özellikle Mâlikî fıkhının revaçta olduğu Kuzey ve Batı Afrika coğrafyasında hızla yayılmıştır. Bununla birlikte ilk dönemden itibaren bölgede Eş’arî kelamına dair irili ufaklı birçok eser telif edilmiştir. On yedinci yüzyıla gelindiğinde dönemin önemli Mâlikî âlimlerinden olan ve Mısır’da yaşayan el-Leḳānî, ilim tahsiline yeni başlayanların kelam ilmini kolayca öğrenebilmesi için Eşʿarî geleneğe uygun şekilde Cevheretü’t-tevḥîd adlı manzum bir eser telif etmiştir. Yazıldığı günden itibaren büyük bir itibar gören eser başta müellifin kendi şerhi olmak üzere günümüze kadar birçok âlimin şerh çalışmasına konu olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Eşʿarîliğin bölgedeki seyrini kendi üzerinden görebileceğimiz Cevheretü’t-tevḥîd’in ele aldığı temel konuları ve hakkında yapılmış çalışmaları tanıtmayı hedeflemiştir.
İslami İlimler Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Gözüyle Kur’an Mealleri (Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Örneği)
Authors: Şen Ercan
Published: October 2020

Son dönemde Kur’an meallerine ilgi artmış durumdadır. Bunun temelinde yatan önemli saiklerden biri çağdaş dönemde Kur’an’a olan ilginin mealler üzerinden kendini göstermesi ve bunun sonucunda Kur’an meallerinin yazılma ihtiyacının ortaya çıkmış olmasıdır. Bu çerçeve-de Müslüman dünyanın pek çok yerinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de mealler vasıtasıyla Kur’an’ı anlama çabaları çoğalmıştır. Bu bakımdan Kur’an’ın anlaşılmasında önemli bir işlev gören meallerin genel olarak toplumda ve hususen yüksek din eğitiminin bir parçası olan İlahi-yat/İslami İlimler Fakültelerindeki öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığı araştırılması gereken konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmada Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi’nde eğitim gören öğrencilerin Kur’an meallerine yönelik düşünce ve tutumları üze-rinde durulmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Afyon Kocate-pe Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi’nde okuyan 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmakta-dır. Araştırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmış ve ek olarak katılımcılara ucu açık bazı sorular so-rulmuş, ayrıca öğrencilere meal okumaya ve tedavüldeki meallere dair bazı sorular yöneltilerek onların fikir ve kanaatlerine ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylelikle öğrencilerin gözüyle Kur’an mealleri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmış, öğrencilerin sahip oldukları meal kültürü hakkında bazı veriler ortaya konulmuştur.
Sahâbî Vahşî b. Harb’in Hayatı
Authors: Eser Mithat
Published: October 2020

Vahşî b. Harb, Habeş asıllı bir köledir. Efendisi, Mekke’de Nevfeloğulları kabilesine mensup Cübeyr b. Mut‘im’dir. Künyesi Ebû Desme’dir. Ailesinden sadece oğlu Harb bilinmektedir. O da babasından hadis rivayet etmesiyle tanınmaktadır. Vahşî’nin hayatındaki en çok bilinen husus Hz. Hamza’yı Uhud Savaşı’nda şehit etmesidir. Bunun sebebi, efendisi Cübeyr’in, amcasının intikamını alma arzusudur. Vahşî, Hendek Savaşı’nda da iki sahâbîyi şehit etmiştir. Mekke Fethi esnasında genel aftan muaf tutulmuştur. Bu sebeple Tâif’e kaçmıştır. Vahşi Tâiflilerin Hz. Peygamber’e gönderdiği heyet içerisinde yer almıştır. O bu görüşmeler esnasında Müslüman olmuştur. Ancak Hz. Peygamber’in onu görmeme isteği üzerine onunla birlikte çok bulunamamıştır. Hz. Peygamber’in vefatından sonra Yemâme’deki Akrabâ’ Savaşı’na katılmıştır. Burada peygamberlik iddiasında bulunan Müseylimetülkezzâb’ı öldürmüştür. Daha sonra Şam fetihlerine katılmıştır. Yermük Savaşı’nda bulunmuştur. Dımeşk Fethi’ne katılmış, bir müddet burada ikamet etmiştir. Daha sonra Humus’a yerleşmiş ve Hz. Osman’ın halifeliği döneminde burada vefat etmiştir. Vahşî, Buhârî’nin Sahîhi’ndeki rivayette Hz. Hamza’yı şehit edişini ve Müseylimetülkezzâb’ı öldürüşünü anlatmıştır. Başta Ebû Dâvûd, İbn Mâce ve Ahmed b. Hanbel’inki gibi hadis kaynaklarında yer alan on dört hadis rivayet etmiştir.
COVID-19 incidence in Mizoram, India
Authors: Zothantluanga James H. , H. Lalthanzara , Shakya Anshul , Joseph H. Lalmawizuala
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 had ravaged the physical and mental health of millions of people globally. With more than 18 million infections and 0.7 million fatalities worldwide, the pandemic showed no signs of slowing down. Since the detection of the first COVID-19 case in Mizoram, there is still no scientific record of the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this report is to produce the first scientific documentation of COVID-19 in Mizoram. As on 6 August 2020, a total of 537 cases have been reported with a recovery rate of 53.63%. Voluntary services of local community to fully support the authority are unique and worth to mention. Many people, from layman to technically qualified persons, volunteered themselves to fight the spread of the disease in the state. No death is yet reported although the doubling rate of COVID-19 case was 14.66 days. Aizawl district recorded the highest case (61.08%) followed by Lunglei and Siaha districts. Weekly data analysis showed the outbreak occurred in the 11th week (second week of June) since the nationwide lockdown in March 2020. The incidence is higher in males than in females. The infected age group ranged from 28–43 years in males and 22–33 years in females. The youngest and oldest infected age was 1 and 64 respectively. There is still no community transmission although this could occurr at any moment. This report may possibly serve as a referential scientific literature to aid the retrospective and prospective studies of COVID-19 in Mizoram.
Effect of an Inhibitor of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase 7-Nitroindazole on Cerebral Hemodynamic Response and Brain Excitability in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats
Authors: BROŽÍČKOVÁ C. , OTÁHAL J.
Published: October 2020

The role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and seizures remains disputable. One of the reasons why results from the acute in vivo studies display controversies might be the effect on the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during pharmacologically induced alterations of NO system. We examined neurovascular coupling in the rat sensorimotor cortex in response to transcallosal stimulation under nNOS inhibition by 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). Adult Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane and epidural silver EEG electrodes were implanted over sensorimotor cortices. Regional CBF was measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). We catheterized a common carotid artery to measure arterial blood pressure (BP). 7-NI did not significantly affect blood pressure and heart rate. Electrophysiological recordings of evoked potentials (EPs) revealed no effect on their amplitude, rhythmic potentiation or depression of EPs. Transcallosal stimulation of the contralateral cortex induced a frequency dependent rise in CBF. Although 7-NI did not significantly affect basal CBF and cortical excitability, hemodynamic responses to the transcallosal stimulation were diminished implicating a role of nNOS in neurovascular coupling. Urethane anesthesia is suitable for future epileptological experiments. Our findings demonstrate that NO contributes to the hemodynamic response during brain activation.
Gender Differences in the Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Challenge Dose of Other Drugs on Behavior of Adult Rats
Authors: ŠLAMBEROVÁ R. , MACÚCHOVÁ E. , NOHEJLOVÁ-DEYKUN K. , SCHUTOVÁ B. , HRUBÁ L. , ROKYTA R.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the present study was to compare the response to acute application of several drugs in adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to methamphetamine (MA). Spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg) or saline were tested in a Laboras apparatus (Metris B.V., Netherlands) for 1 h. Challenge dose of the examined drug [amphetamine – 5 mg/kg; cocaine – 5mg/kg; MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) – 5 mg/kg; morphine – 5 mg/kg; THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) – 2 mg/kg] or saline was injected prior to testing. Our data demonstrate that prenatal MA exposure did not affect behavior in male rats with cocaine or morphine treatment, but increased locomotion and exploration in females. Application of amphetamine and MDMA in adulthood increased activity in both sexes, while cocaine and THC only in female rats. Morphine, on the other hand, decreased the activity in the Laboras test in both sexes. As far as sex and estrous cycle is concerned, the present study shows that males were generally less active than females and also females in proestrus-estrus phase of the estrous cycle were more active than females in diestrus. In conclusion, the present study shows that the prenatal MA exposure does not induce general sensitization but affects the sensitivity to drugs dependently to mechanism of drug action and with respect to gonadal hormones.
Effect of Methamphetamine on Cognitive Functions of Adult Female Rats Prenatally Exposed to the Same Drug
Authors: MACÚCHOVÁ E. , NOHEJLOVÁ-DEYKUN K. , ŠLAMBEROVÁ R.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure and application of the same drug in adulthood on cognitive functions of adult female rats. Animals were prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg) or saline (control group). The cognitive function was tested as ability of spatial learning in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Each day of the experiment animals received an injection of MA (1 mg/kg) or saline. Our results demonstrated that prenatal MA exposure did not affect the latency to reach the hidden platform or the distance traveled during the Place Navigation Test; however, the speed of swimming was increased in prenatally MA-exposed rats compared to controls regardless of the treatment in adulthood. MA treatment in adulthood increased the latency and distance when compared to controls regardless of the prenatal exposure. Neither prenatal exposure, nor treatment in adulthood affected memory retrieval. As far as the estrous cycle is concerned, our results showed that prenatally MA-exposed females in proestrus/estrus swam faster than females in diestrus. This effect of estrous cycle was not apparent in control females. In conclusion, our results indicate that postnatal, but not prenatal exposure to MA affects learning of adult female rats.
Effects of Heat Treatment Condition and Counter Materials on the Wear Behavior of Laser Direct Energy Deposited Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W Alloy
Authors: Ha Kyeongsik , Park Young Keun , Kim Taehwan , Baek Gyeong Yun , Jeon Jong Bae , Shim Do-sik , Moon Young Hoon , Lee Wookjin
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to investigate the wear performance of laser direct energy deposited Fe-8Cr3V-2Mo-2W alloy under various wear environments, in terms of different heat treatment conditions. Ball on disk tribology tests were performed using high-carbon steel and zirconia balls as counter materials. The wear rates of the alloy depended significantly on both the wear sliding speed and the wear load. Microstructural observations of the worn surface and the wear debris indicated intensive tribo-oxidative wear that was presumably responsible for the strong dependency of the wear rate on the wear sliding speed. Regardless of the type of counter materials, the alloy in the as-built state had better wear performance than the alloy with heat treatments. Therefore, the use of the alloy without post heat treatment would be favorable to obtain long-term durability of the alloy in severe wear environments. The wear tests with two different counter materials of high-carbon steel and zirconia showed the high-carbon steel counter material had a higher wear rate than the zirconia. This was thought to be due to that strong third-body abrasive actions of the high-carbon steel counter material, evidenced by the severe abrasive wear of the counter material.
Integrity Assessment of Obsolete Thermal Storage Tank in District Heating System
Authors: Yun Daeho , Chae Hobyung , Kim Heesan , Kim Jung-Gu , Kim Woo Cheol , Ha Tae Baek , Jang Jaehyuk , Jeong Joon Cheol , Lee Soo Yeol
Published: October 2020

The thermal storage tank in a district heating system is a component that stores excess heat during normal operation and releases the stored heat to increase the efficiency of the system, when the heat source is stopped or additional demands occur. Recently, an obsolete thermal storage tank was dismantled for the first time since it began operation 30 years ago. In this work, the corrosion integrity of the obsolete thermal storage tank was evaluated by examining its appearance, thickness thinning, corrosion products, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Samples were taken at various locations (roof, shell, bottom) of the thermal storage tank, which enabled diagnosis of the respective environmental degradations. Severe corrosion was found in the roof edge plate due to corrosion under the insulation, and exhibited thinning exceeding ~49% of the designed thickness. In this location, the ferrite-pearlite band structure disappeared and deteriorated microstructures, such as decarburization and spheroidized pearlite, were measured, which resulted in a ~27% decrease in hardness. The inner surfaces of the bottom and shell plate were well covered with a magnetite film, and the degradation of the microstructure and mechanical properties showed a permissible limit in terms of ASTM A285/A516. In addition, no particular drop in hardness was found in the weld zone of each plate.