bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The uses of financial tools in a sample of Uruguay firms
Authors: Roldós M. , Blanco A. , de la Vega M. , Legazcue N. , Seijas M. N , Giradini J. J. , Álvarez-Vaz R. , Vernazza Mañan E.
Published: June 2020

We survey a sample of the Uruguay firms in the business sector, about the use of financial instruments as: Debt Structure, Net Value Present, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period and other capital budgeting instruments. We follow the line research o Graham & Harvey (2001) and others works that replicate the same line. Using a logistic regression model, we arrive to the result that use of the financial tools is limited, results that are in sintony with other emerging economies. We observed that use of the financial tools is related with the size of the company, the setting of a debt target, the level of education and training, as well as the seniority of the person responding, as explanatory factors of greater use of the selected tools.
Coverage strategies with derivative financial products: Vueling case
Authors: Rubiño Ruiz J. I. , Sanchís Pedregosa C.
Published: June 2020

The present work tries to solve the commodities risk. We will see how, from a hedging perspective, derivative financial products can be used to avoid and transfer risk. In particular, we will delve into the financial options and we will take the theory into practice with real data through the case of the Vueling company. We will discover that the survival of the airline depends to a large extent on the correct management of said risk, since its degree of exposure is very high. To solve this situation, we will propose various strategies and analyze their results.
The value of financial information to make investment decisions in the Spanish stock market
Authors: Barberá Beltrán R.
Published: June 2020

This article studies the correlation between companies listed on the Spanish continuous market and a set of ratios and financial economic variables used to measure business performance. The goal is to explain the behavior of the prices of the shares of the Spanish continuous market and design a model that optimizes long-term investments. The returns are compared with those of the Ibex 35 and the Ibex Total Return and it is concluded that some ratios have more influence than others in the evolution of the price and that it is not possible to beat the market significantly.
Prescription of sanctions in the social order after appealing against the sanctioning decision
Authors: García-Gallego M.
Published: June 2020

This article deals with the problems caused by the expiry of the sanctioning procedure and the prescription of offences and sanctions in the social order. It analyzes those sanctioning procedures initiated ex officio in which, once the proposal for a sanction has been formulated and notified to the administrated party, the latter appeals it and, once the statute of limitations for the infraction and the sanction has expired, the Administration issues an express resolution rejecting the appeal that empowers it to collect the sanction imposed. This way of acting by the Administration, leaving the appeal without a resolution, without executing the sanction and prolonging this situation for years, means that the administered party is submerged in the most absolute legal uncertainty. This article reconsiders this unjust jurisprudential criterion in the light of the new Law 39/2015.
Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Stie Bisnis Indonesia
Authors: Susanto
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Teknik sampling menggunakan teknik sensus dan sampel sebanyak 40 orang karyawan STIE Bisnis Indonesia. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis korelasi regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial maupun simultan variabel kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja, dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh siginifkan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,826 yang berarti menunjukkan adanya korelasi/hubungan yang sangat kuat antara variabel kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja, dan budaya organisasi dengan variabel kinerja karyawan. Besarnya adjusted coeficient of determination (Adjusted R2) adalah 0,675 atau 67,5% yang berarti variabel-variabel bebas dapat menerangkan perubahan pada variabel kinerja karyawan sebesar 67,5% sedangkan sisanya diterangkan oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar penelitian ini.
Design and construction of the thin vault for the reinforced concrete ceiling of the Public Hall of the Cassa di Risparmio Bank headquarters in L’Aquila
Authors: Di Giovanni Gianni
Published: June 2020

The present article wants to report on the technological and constructive aspects related to the realization of the thin reinforced concrete vault for the reinforced concrete ceiling  of the Cassa di Risparmio Bank Public Hall of L'Aquila; this work was carried out in the early 1950s on the occasion of the enlargement of the bank headquarters, built in the nineteenth-century . The intervention is seen peculiar because it can be considered representative of the application of the reinforced concrete technique to realize a small structural thickness  reinforced concrete ceiling. In particular, the use of complex-shaped vaulted systems in reinforced concrete, in the post-war Italian period, was substantially reserved for the construction of road bridges in the post-war reconstruction context of the infrastructure system, less used in civil construction. The application of such construction systems, in architectural works, refers to buildings with a predominantly tertiary use, such as offices and exhibition halls. Among these, although of minor importance, there is the  Public hall  of the Cassa di Risparmio of L'Aquila which testifies that some reinforced concrete works, demanding from the constructive point of view, were carried out in the peripheral territorial areas as well, like the provincial ones. In particular, from the analysis of the archive sources, the re-enactement of the project phases as well as the construction ones, confirms the use of a  building technique, which in that particular historical period, saw the transition from the structural calculation theories to the construction site practice and, its application  not only in large Italian cities, but also in minor contexts.
Vasa (Justicia adhatoda L.) Leaves Best Procurement Time with Special Reference to Assay of Vasicine through HPLC and its Comparative Pharmacognosy
Authors: Sharma Neelima , Cheemalapati Venkata N , Mangal Anupam K , Rekha Prabhu , Srikanth Narayana
Published: June 2020

Aim:

Vasa (Justicia adhatoda L.) is a well-known plant for its medicinal properties, e.g., ailments of asthma, bronchitis, cough, dyspnea, external bleeding, etc. Different preparations of vasa are described in the Ayurvedic texts to pacify these disorders. In Ayurveda, the season of collection of its useful parts, i.e., leaves are not mentioned anywhere in the ancient texts. Since some researches claim higher concentration of its active metabolite in winter and rainy season, therefore, it has been planned to evaluate the suitable time of collection of plant parts.

Materials and methods:

The leaves of vasa (Justicia adhatoda L.) were collected from the same habitat in all six seasons described in Ayurveda, i.e., shishir (Jan and Feb), vasant (Mar and Apr), grishm (May and June), varsha (Jul and Aug), sharad (Sept and Oct), and hemant (Nov and Dec). The source of the collected plant materials was authenticated at Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, RARI, Jhansi, India, through the herbarium (accession no. 23595). Identification, comparative macroscopic, and microscopic along with powder microscopy of the leaves of the plant in each season were carried out besides extraction of various solvents such as alcohol, hydroalcohol, and methanol though Soxhlet and its comparative quantitative analysis for the extracted material in all six seasons through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the different seasons.

Results:

Pharmacognostical characteristics remain the same in all seasons, while the selected marker compound vasicine varied in quantity in each season. Extractive value was found maximum, i.e., 1.3456 g in vasant ritu sample and also evident in the quantitative HPLC estimation for the abundant vasicine in vasant ritu sample, i.e., 0.7330 to 1.0744 which is the clear indication for the best time to collect leaves in vasant ritu.

Conclusion:

In vasant ritu, vasa (Justicia adhatoda L.) is in flowering stage, and at this stage the abundance of the secondary metabolites and the extractive values clearly indicate to conclude that the suitable procurement time of collection of vasa leaves (Justicia adhatoda L.) is vasant ritu (Mar and Apr).
Impact of mid-glacial ice sheets on deep ocean circulation and global climate: Role of surface cooling on the AMOC
Authors: Sherriff-Tadano Sam , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Oka Akira
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This study explores the effect of southward expansion of mid-glacial ice sheets on the global climate and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), as well as the processes by which the ice sheets modify the AMOC. For this purpose, simulations of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and 5a are performed with an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. In the MIS3 and MIS5a simulations, the global average temperature decreases by 5.0 °C and 2.2 °C, respectively, compared with the preindustrial climate simulation. The AMOC weakens by 3 % in MIS3, whereas it is enhanced by 16 % in MIS5a, both of which are consistent with a reconstruction. Sensitivity experiments extracting the effect of the expansion of glacial ice sheets from MIS5a to MIS3 show a global cooling of 1.1 °C, contributing to about 40 % of the total surface cooling from MIS5a to MIS3. These experiments also demonstrate that the ice sheet expansion leads to a surface cooling of 2 °C over the Southern Ocean as a result of colder North Atlantic deep water. We find that the southward expansion of the mid-glacial ice sheet exerts a small impact on the AMOC. Partially coupled experiments reveal that the global surface cooling by the glacial ice sheet tends to reduce the AMOC by increasing the sea ice at both poles, and hence compensates for the strengthening effect of the enhanced surface wind over the North Atlantic. Our results show that the total effect of glacial ice sheets on the AMOC is determined by the two competing effects, surface wind and surface cooling. The relative strength of surface wind and surface cooling depends on the ice sheet configuration, and the strength of the surface cooling can be comparable to that of surface wind when changes in the extent of ice sheet are prominent.
Assessing and zoning of typhoon storm surge risk with GIS
technique: A case study of the coastal area of Huizhou
Authors: Wang Si , Mu Lin , Yao Zhenfeng , Gao Jia , Zhao Enjin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Storm surge is one of the most destructive marine disasters to life and property for Chinese coastal regions, especially for Guangdong province. In Huizhou city, Guangdong province, due to the high concentration of chemical and petroleum industries and the high population density, the low-lying coastal area is susceptible to the storm surge. Therefore, a comprehensive risk assessment of storm surge over the coastal area of Huizhou can delimit zones that could be affected to reduce disaster losses. In this paper, typhoon intensity for the minimum central pressure of 880 hPa, 910 hPa, 920 hPa, 930 hPa, and 940 hPa (corresponding to 1000-year, 100-year, 50-year, 20-year, and 10-year return period) scenarios were designed to cover possible situations. The Jelesnianski method and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model coupled with the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model were utilized to simulate inundation extents and depths of storm surge over the computational domain under these representative scenarios. Subsequently, the output data from the coupled simulation model (ADCIRC–SWAN) were imported to Geographical Information System (GIS) software to conduct the hazard assessment for each of the designed scenarios. Then, the vulnerability assessment was made based on the dataset of land cover types in the coastal region. Consequently, the potential storm surge risk maps for the designed scenarios were produced by combining hazard assessment and vulnerability assessment with the risk matrix approach. The risk maps indicate that due to the protection given by storm surge barriers, only a small proportion of the petrochemical industrial zone and the densely populated communities in the coastal areas were at risk of storm surge for the scenarios of 10-year and 20-year return period typhoon intensity. Moreover, some parts of the exposed zone and densely populated communities were subject to high and very high risk when typhoon intensities were set to a 50-year or a 100-year return period. Besides, the scenario with the most intense typhoon (1000-year return period) induced the very high risk to the coastal area of Huizhou. Accordingly, the risk maps can help decision-makers to develop risk response plans and evacuation strategies in coastal communities with the high population density to minimize civilian casualties. The risk analysis can also be utilized to identify the risk zones with the high concentration of chemical and petroleum industries to reduce economic losses and prevent environmental damage caused by the chemical pollutants and oil spills from petroleum facilities and infrastructures that could be affected by storm surge.
A Critical Comparison between Manufacturing and Service Firms’ Mission Statements: Manage Your Firms’ Mission Statements with Care Using Readability and Lexical Techniques
Authors: Hasnain Sheikh Shamim
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to investigate the Readability and Lexical Density of the mission statements of the large service and manufacturing firms. In respect of mission statements, a comparison between the service and manufacturing firms is drawn. For initial data arrangement, the mission statements of all selected service firms are grouped together, same was also done with the manufacturing firms separately. The mission statements are processed through the software for Readability (Gunning Fog, Flesch-Kincaid, SMOG, Coleman-Liau, Automated, Flesch Reading Ease score) and Lexical Density analysis in two categories, service firms and manufacturing firms. Result show that Service firms’ mission statements are more Lexically dense and possess higher average level than those of the manufacturing firms. This study contributes to the Strategic Management literature and practical implications to the service and manufacturing firms and their stakeholders. Also comes out of the ole ways of data analysis in management studies. Future researchers may carry out similar research in a specific industry.
Non Communicable Disease (NCD) as Risk for Disability: Recommendation for Indonesian UHC Program
Authors: Isfandari Siti , Pangaribuan Lamria , Idaiani Sri
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Disability is health condition drives people seek treatment. Information on magnitude of disability and its contributors is important in Indonesian universal health coverage (UHC) era. It is useful for cost estimation, as well as to design type of service needed at the time being and in the future. This research intends to assess magnitude of disability and its non-communicable diseases (NCD) as risk. Disability obtained from WHODAS 2 score.

METHOD: data obtained from 2018 National Health Survey (Riskesdas 2018) sample age 18 – 59, consisted of 528762 respondents. Dependent variable is disability measured using WHODAS2. Independent variables are NCD consist of statements ever diagnosed asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart, stroke, chronic renal failure, and joint disease by healthcare personnel and emotional distress which is score obtained from self-report questionnaire (SRQ) instrument.

STATISTIC ANALYSIS: Validation between disability and 2 diseases was performed using Chi Square analysis. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify contribution of NCD on disability.

RESULTS: Results show risk of NCD on disability in the working age group of 18–59 years. Stroke and emotional distress are the highest contributors with OR more than 3. Results can serve as input for UHC program to estimate costs of working age health service, including rehabilitation. The Ministry of Health can develop or improve current health system with comprehensive services provision including psychological intervention in rehabilitation.
Recuperação de papel reciclável: aspectos da reciclagem em ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Leitão Zajac Maria Antonietta , Melo Stella Bispo de , Regis Milena De Moura , Lovatte Cristina Alves dos Santos
Published: June 2020

A maior parte dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) é composta por resíduos similares aos domiciliares, portanto a segregação correta desses resíduos evita a não contaminação dos resíduos comuns e diminui o potencial risco à saúde pública, além de propiciar a recuperação dos resíduos passíveis de reciclagem. Os objetivos deste estudo foram promover a recuperação de papel e avaliar o descarte de resíduos passíveis de reciclagem ou o reaproveitamento dos recipientes de resíduos infectantes, na maternidade de um Hospital Público, localizado no Município de São Paulo. A iniciativa de recuperação de papéis recicláveis ocorreu em duas etapas: período sem orientação e período sob orientação. No período sem orientação houve a perda do resíduo reciclável, em decorrência do potencial de contaminação pela presença de resíduos infectantes. Por outro lado, no período sob orientação a contaminação destes resíduos foi evitada embora houve a segregação inadequada de outros resíduos passíveis de reciclagem, como o plástico. Nos recipientes do grupo A (resíduo infectante), foram registradas 340 ocorrências de resíduos passíveis de reciclagem ou de reaproveitamento. As irregularidades na etapa de segregação demonstram a necessidade de programas de educação continuada permanente sobre a importância da reciclagem e da segregação adequada dos RSS.
Gestores de serviços de saúde: a história de cada um sobre si
Authors: Roquete Fátima Ferreira , Ferraz Monaliza Antunes , Vieira Adriane , Silva Karla Rona da
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a identidade de gestores de nível tático de uma operadora de autogestão em saúde, considerando a história que cada um conta sobre si. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, realizada com uso do método de estudo de caso. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com os três gestores de nível tático da operadora em questão, e foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Ao contarem a história sobre aquilo que são, esses profissionais revelaram esferas essenciais ao processo de construção da identidade biográfica do indivíduo, apreendido mediante as dimensões temporais passado, presente e futuro. Eles falaram da família, dos pais, dos professores e, em especial, do percurso profissional e do “mundo vivido do trabalho”, além da forma como os vínculos estabelecidos nesses espaços e as experiências advindas das dimensões macroambiente, ambiente e contexto do trabalho se mostraram importantes para a construção positiva de si. Tal construção se mostrou indissociável da mobilização de competências profissionais para o enfretamento de diversos desafios no cotidiano do trabalho. Diante dos achados deste estudo, propõe-se sua continuação, articulando identidade e competência profissional de gestores das demais modalidades de operadoras que prestam assistência à saúde e de gestores que atuam em organizações públicas e filantrópicas do sistema de saúde do Brasil.
Processo de acreditação ONA: desafios para gestores de qualidade em serviços de apoio às Organizações de Saúde
Authors: Rafael Deivid Nogueira , Aquino Simone
Published: June 2020

A busca constante da qualidade e a sua gestão são temas observados, discutidos e estudados em todas as áreas. Definir o que é qualidade é algo subjetivo independente da área onde está sendo aplicada e de inúmeras definições encontradas na literatura. O objetivo do trabalho foi demonstrar as vantagens e possíveis desvantagens na obtenção do selo de qualificação ONA em um serviço de saúde, elencando as suas contribuições em um sistema da qualidade. Foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa e o método um estudo de caso único em uma instituição caracterizada como um Compounding Center, especializada no preparo de nutrições parenterais e preparações quimioterápicas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com os principais gestores da instituição. Para a avaliação dos dados e compilação dos resultados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo, onde agrupando as perguntas por semelhança foram criadas categorias. Ao fim do trabalho observou-se que embora a auditoria para obtenção do selo de qualificação ONA possua um foco em todos os processos, maior destaque foi dado pelos gestores na elaboração da folha de processos, onde foi possível avaliar a complexa interrelação entre os departamentos.
P-Glycoprotein Efflux Transporters and Its Resistance Its Inhibitors and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Karthika Chenmala , Sureshkumar Raman
Published: June 2020

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an active member of the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) protein subfamily which effluxes a wide range of therapeutic drugs out of the cells commonly known as multidrug resistance. But its protective action towards the normal cells and efflux of the toxic and foreign substances is remarkable. Hence the efflux of the P-gp is a crucial step to overcome for the success of the therapy and in the drug discovery process. Modification of the action of the P-gp through various inducers, inhibitors or the genetic polymorphism is the commonly used methods. When it comes to the inhibitor part the natural inhibitors use is more safe and economical as compared to the synthetic ones. Here we review at the mechanism of action and the pharmacokinetic profile of P-gp, how the P-gp engaged in the Multidrug resistance, the strategy to overcome from its action by using natural inhibitors and formulation perspectives.
Foreign Bodies and Bowel Obstructions
Authors: Elizabeth Taylor Jessica , Clegg Devin
Published: June 2020

Foreign body ingestion most commonly occurs in the pediatric population, with approximately 80–90% of objects passing spontaneously in individuals who are evaluated by medical professionals. Objects may be lodged in a variety of anatomic locations. Only about 10% of foreign bodies progress past the stomach. Of the 10–20% of objects that fail to pass, less than 1% requires surgical intervention. Small bowel obstructions are a rare presentation of foreign body ingestions. There are case reports, guidelines, and retrospective reviews in the literature regarding the management of ingested foreign bodies. In patients who do not have spontaneous passage of foreign bodies, endoscopic and surgical techniques have been utilized for successful retrieval. The timing and indication for endoscopic intervention is dependent upon several factors, including the type and location of the foreign body and is also contingent upon patient symptoms. Numerous case reports and studies describe the successful endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Although the type and location of an ingested object is critical for determining the success of endoscopic intervention, the patient’s clinical exam and stability is also an aspect to consider when deciding on management of bowel obstructions caused by foreign bodies.
The Response of Maize Physiology under Salinity Stress and Its Coping Strategies
Authors: Iqbal Shazia , Hussain Sajid , Abdul Qayyaum Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad , Saifullah
Published: June 2020

Maize is a cross-pollinated, polymorphic plant in nature. It is commonly a moderately salt-sensitive crop. Salinity stress is the main abiotic factor that arrests the physiological characteristics and plant growth of a maize plant. It causes the osmotic effect, associated with an increase in phytotoxic ions, oxidative stress by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ionic effect in the cytosol. These salinity effects hinder the maize plant’s physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal functioning, hormone regulation, and functioning, seed germination, and dormancy and water relation with plants and ultimately reduce the plant growth and yield. However, the physiology of maize subjected to salinity shows various responses that depend on the genetic responses and growth stages. Maize plant undergoes many physiological changes and adapts some mechanism internally to cope with salinity stress. Numerous mitigating strategies such as application of chemicals, application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), application of hormones, and use of genetic and molecular techniques are used to handle salinity. This chapter will cover the effect of salinity on maize growth, its physiology, and physiological adaptations of maize plants with management strategies.
Modeling Inflation Dynamics with Fractional Brownian Motions and Lévy Processes
Authors: Herzog Bodo
Published: June 2020

The article studies a novel approach of inflation modeling in economics. We utilize a stochastic differential equation (SDE) of the form d X t = a X t dt + b X t d B t H , where d B t H is a fractional Brownian motion in order to model inflationary dynamics. Standard economic models do not capture the stochastic nature of inflation in the Eurozone. Thus, we develop a new stochastic approach and take into consideration fractional Brownian motions as well as Lévy processes. The benefits of those stochastic processes are the modeling of interdependence and jumps, which is equally confirmed by empirical inflation data. The article defines and introduces the rules for stochastic and fractional processes and elucidates the stochastic simulation output.
Ubiquitin-Independent Proteasomal Degradation Mediated by Antizyme
Authors: Murai Noriyuki
Published: June 2020

Most of the proteins in eukaryotic cells are degraded by the proteasome in an ubiquitin-dependent manner. However, ubiquitin-independent protein degradation pathway by the 26S proteasome exists in the cells. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a well-known protein that is degraded by the 26S proteasome without ubiquitination. Degradation of ODC requires the protein, “antizyme (AZ),” that is induced by polyamine and binds to the ODC monomer to inhibit ODC activity and target it to the 26S proteasome for proteolytic degradation. Namely, AZ contributes the feedback regulation of intracellular polyamine level. ODC has been considered to be the only protein that AZ binds and accelerates its degradation. However, recently AZ-mediated proteasomal protein degradation will gradually increase. Most recently, we found that one of the antizyme families, AZ2, accelerates c-Myc degradation by the proteasome without ubiquitination. In this chapter, we introduce latest several ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation mediated by antizyme.
The complex care of a torture survivor in the United States
Authors: Berthold S. Megan , Polatin Peter , Mollica Richard , Higson-Smith Craig , Streets Federick J. , Kelly Caitrin M. , Lavelle James
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Torture is an assault on the physical and mental health of an individual, impacting the lives of survivors and their families.The survivor’s interpersonal relationships, social life, and vocational functioning may be affected, and spiritual and other existential questions may intrude. Cultural and historical context will shape the meaning of torture experiences and the aftermath. To effectively treat torture survivors, providers must understand and address these factors. The Complex Care Model (CCM) aims to transform daily care for those with chronic illnesses and improve health outcomes through effective team care.

Methods: We conduct a literature review of the CCM and present an adapted Complex Care Approach (CCA) that draws on the Harvard Program in RefugeeTrauma’s five-domain model covering the Trauma Story, Bio-medical, Psychological, Social, and Spiritual domains.We apply the CCA to the case of “Joshua,” a former tortured child soldier, and discuss the diagnosis and treatment across the five domains of care.

Findings: The CCA is described as an effective approach for working with torture survivors. We articulate how a CCA can be adapted to the unique historical and cultural contexts experienced by torture survivors and how its five domains serve to integrate the approach to diagnosis and treatment. The benefits of communication and coordination of care among treatment providers is emphasized.

Discussion / Conclusions: Torture survivors’ needs are well suited to the application of a CCA delivered by a team of providers who effectively communicate and integrate care holistically across all domains of the survivor’s life.
Internet and communications as elements for CIDT and Torture. Initial reflections in an unexplored field
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau , Serra Laia
Published: June 2020

The internet was once seen as a new and definitive window to freedom and a world without torture. There is however, another less obvious but perhaps more notorious side: torturous environments can also be created through the internet; a place where individu- als may be targeted for discrimination, coer- cion or control.There is a dearth of academic research and theoretical developments in this very new area of knowledge and this Edito- rial will review and reflect on various aspects, thereby suggesting possible lines of research.
Uwarunkowania stosowania miar ilościowych w geografii fizycznej = The acceptability of application quantitative measures in physical geography
Authors: Harasimiuk Andrzej , Ostaszewska Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

It is the quantitative paradigm that prevails in science today, but this is not a purely positive phenomenon, since what seems to be the exact expression of research results is only in fact a guise of absolute objectivity. Effect is given to the laws of nature in space whose structure is not fully known, but certainly heterogeneous, and hence different from the assumptions contained in most mathematical formulae. Indeed, most procedures contain an implicit assumption regarding the homogeneity of space, while the real-life problems relating to the impact of spatial heterogeneity can be seen especially where all kinds of spatial interpolations are applied. Due to heterogeneity of space, seasonality and polygeneticism, natural phenomena are usually characterized by multimodal (multi-peak) distributions of observed variables. Estimation of the mean states from such distributions expressed in terms of the arithmetic mean are inappropriate and in opposition to the basic property of the landscape that is regional differentiation (given that states accepted as representative may in fact be those occurring only rarely or actually precluded in nature). The aim of the work detailed here has therefore been to point out the dangers of undue trust being put in quantitative methods. The essence of progress in science is an increased scope of understanding of phenomena, not the level of detail at which they are described. Without an awareness of the properties of a structure under examination, statistical expressions do not lead to understanding of the principles by which that structure functions. Natural phenomena most often have a log-normal distribution and are polygenetic. A further key problem noted in the initial stages of research therefore relates to proper sampling. Attention is also drawn here to the variability of conditions and states represented by environmental samples, which makes it necessary to use weighted means (especially important where the cycling of matter is being investigated). The article exemplifies problems related to the use of quantitative methods in physical geography, especially in the context of the use of the commonest statistical measures. Apart from the criticism regarding the incautious use of statistical tools, an indication is also given of certain possibilities for statistical measures to be reinterpreted following division of data into subgroups representing specific fragments of space or categories of phenomena. Genetic explanations in a collection of chaotic data are provided for in this way.
Fatty acid β-oxidation is required for the differentiation of larval hematopoietic progenitors in Drosophila
Authors: Tiwari Satish Kumar , Toshniwal Ashish Ganeshlalji , Mandal Sudip , Mandal Lolitika
Published: June 2020

Cell-intrinsic and extrinsic signals regulate the state and fate of stem and progenitor cells. Recent advances in metabolomics illustrate that various metabolic pathways are also important in regulating stem cell fate. However, our understanding of the metabolic control of the state and fate of progenitor cells is in its infancy. Using Drosophila hematopoietic organ: lymph gland, we demonstrate that Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) is essential for the differentiation of blood cell progenitors. In the absence of FAO, the progenitors are unable to differentiate and exhibit altered histone acetylation. Interestingly, acetate supplementation rescues both histone acetylation and the differentiation defects. We further show that the CPT1/whd (withered), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, is transcriptionally regulated by Jun-Kinase (JNK), which has been previously implicated in progenitor differentiation. Our study thus reveals how the cellular signaling machinery integrates with the metabolic cue to facilitate the differentiation program.
The challenges of lockdown for early-career researchers
Authors: Byrom Nicola
Published: June 2020

Thousands of UK doctoral students and early-career researchers shared the repercussions of lockdown on their work and wellbeing.
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy - Recent Trend in Research
Authors: Kim Heung Up
Published: June 2020

It is well known that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can cause peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and ultimately, gastric cancer. Various studies have proven that H. pylori, which attaches to the gastric mucosa, is the cause of gastric cancer and can be eradicated using appropriate antibiotics. Since 2013, Japan has been carrying out national-led eradication treatment of H. pylori for the whole population. However, as drug exposure increases, the resistance rate to some antibiotics increases, and the pattern of antibiotic resistance varies from region to region. Therefore, the development of individualized antimicrobial therapies has become important since antibiotic resistance to H. pylori eradication is a problem worldwide. To help overcome this, remedies such as selection of antibiotics through susceptibility testing, selection of empirical treatment combinations appropriate for the region, dual therapy with high doses of amoxicillin, and the use of rifabutin or sitafloxacin with low antibiotic resistance have been studied. Potassium-competitive acid blocker has been reported to be more potent in inhibiting acid secretion than proton pump inhibitor, and its role in H. pylori eradication is expected. Drug formulations and regimens that are easy to take are being developed to increase compliance. New treatments such as spraying antibiotics directly to the gastric mucosa are being developed and studied.
Esophageal Carcinosarcoma in a Patient with Corrosive Esophagitis
Authors: Kim Young Ki , Shin Okran , Kim Sung Soo
Published: June 2020

Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare type of esophageal cancer characterized by both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Its endophytic growth tendency into the esophageal lumen leads to a higher curative resection rate. However, lymph node metastases in esophageal carcinosarcoma occur at a relatively early stage. We report a case of esophageal carcinosarcoma in a 52-year-old man who had dysphagia for 2 months and a history of ingestion of glacial acetic acid in adolescence. His endoscopy and chest CT results showed an 8.5-cm-sized ulcerative polypoid mass with multiple lymph node metastases in the mid-esophagus. Biopsy revealed an interweaving spindle cell proliferation with squamous dysplasia. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive expressions of vimentin and cytokeratin. Even though the patient received concomitant chemoradiotherapy with a stent insertion, he died 7 months after diagnosis. We herein present a case of corrosive esophagitis followed by esophageal carcinosarcoma that suggested the possibility of an association between the two diseases.
Experiencias y creencias de mujeres Colla de la región de Atacama
Authors: Rodríguez Venegas Viviana , Duarte Hidalgo Cory
Published: June 2020

Estudio cualitativo que indaga en las prácticas y saberes de dirigentas sociales indígenas de la región de Atacama, Chile. Las participantes de la investigación, a través de historias de vida, narran experiencias y creencias asociadas a su identidad como mujeres Colla. El ejercicio narrativo permite ahondar en otros temas como procesos migratorios, expresiones culturales, relaciones sociales y dinámicas de poder al interior de sus comunidades.La investigación tiene como referente la Teoría Fundamentada, por ello se acude a sus aspectos teóricos y metodológicos en el abordaje y análisis del tema investigado. Los saberes que entrega este estudio contribuyen al acervo cultural del pueblo Colla y al desarrollo de estudios e investigaciones que den importancia a las mujeres indígenas del norte del país.
Predictores culturales y psicológicos de la búsqueda de ayuda psicológica en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Salinas Oñate Natalia Daniela , Baeza Rivera María José , Escobar Alaniz Bertha Alina , Coloma Leiva Javiera , Carreño Huechacona Macarena
Published: June 2020

La prevalencia de problemas de salud mental en estudiantes universitarios chilenos, junto con el bajo porcentaje de búsqueda de ayuda psicológica, son preocupantes. Al respecto, se han señalado obstaculizadores culturales, psicológicos y clínicos que inciden en el proceso de búsqueda de ayuda psicológica, sin que exista claridad de cómo impactan en este grupo particular. En la presente investigación se identificaron los factores predictores de la intención de búsqueda de ayuda psicológica en una muestra de 99 estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. Los resultados señalan que los mejores predictores para la intención de búsqueda de ayuda psicológica son las creencias culturales positivas que estos jóvenes sostienen en relación a la psicoterapia y las expectativas que tienen respecto de ésta. Dichos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto que factores culturales como las creencias socialmente compartidas sobre la psicoterapia y factores psicológicos como las expectativas, juegan un rol significativo, lo cual es un insumo relevante a la hora de planificar intervenciones destinadas a aumentar los niveles de búsqueda de ayuda psicológica en este grupo.
Interacciones mesero/cliente en Santiago de Chile: expectativas de obtención y normalización de propinas
Authors: Alarcón Molina José Ignacio
Published: June 2020

El artículo describe las dinámicas de entrega y normalización de propinas en la relación mesero/cliente en la ciudad capital de Chile. Para ello, la investigación estuvo anclada en dos antecedentes: (a) las normativas vigentes de la propina, apuntando a la contingencia de su entrega; (b) las investigaciones empíricas que evidencian el trato tangencial e individualista de la propina. Metodológicamente, la investigación se delimitó en los principios etnometodológicos-sistémicos, aplicando observaciones participantes en 4 organizaciones y 16 entrevistas a meseros y clientes. Como resultados, se presentan las características motivacionales - ¿Por qué entregar propina?-, cognitivas - ¿Cómo se incentiva su entrega? - y normalizadoras -¿Cómo se comprende la regularidad de su entrega? A modo de alcances, se presentan las propiedades comunicativas del dinero, y cómo dicho artefacto puede ayudar en la normalización y ampliación de las comunicaciones económicas, aportando nuevas miradas a los estudios que problematizan la distribución del dinero. Por último, como límites de la investigación, se plantea la necesidad de generar investigaciones históricas y semánticas que visualicen el recorrido normativo de la propina, y cómo dicho camino puede explicar y/o desmentir las conclusiones interacciónales del presente estudio.
Influence of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf) on the Organoleptic Acceptability and Shelf Stability of Yoghurt
Authors: Ibrahim A. N. , Igwe C. E. , Asogwa I. S. , Agbaka J. I. , Ajibo Q. C.
Published: June 2020

Aim: To investigate the preservative efficiency of Ocimum gratissimum or its extracts on yoghurt.

Study Design: Ten yoghurt samples were prepared, furthermore, nine (9) samples were treated with scent leaf in different forms at different concentrations.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, between September 2015 and June 2016.

Methodology: Yoghurt was prepared from instant filled milk while Direct Vat Inoculum (DVI) was used as the starter culture. Proximate and phytochemical analyses were carried out following standard procedures. Sensory evaluation was carried out using a 15-man panelist with a seven point hedonic scales and results were statistically analyzed using IBM® SPSS 21.0, at 0.05 probability level. pH and microbial analysis were conducted while bacterial characterization involved biochemical tests and isolation of probable microorganisms employed morphological and structural characteristics.

Results: Result for proximate analysis indicated differences in the nutritional composition of the raw milk and yoghurt (control). Moisture content increased considerably from 10.00% to 69.75%, while a reduction in protein content was reported (8.7% - 4.95%). The lipid content classified the produced yoghurt as a low-fat yoghurt, and expectedly, the carbohydrate content reduced from 58.20% - 22.30%. Phytochemical screening of the different forms of scent leaf indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and steroids, in different concentrations. Sensory scores showed that the panelists preferred yoghurt formulated with 3 mL of squeezed scent leaf extract. pH values decreased with storage period, while microbial load ranged between 0.5× 104 – 2.0 × 104, where Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Bacillus, S. aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter, and Proteus spp. were isolated.

Conclusion: The yoghurt samples formulated with squeezed scent leaf extracts had the best organoleptic acceptance, while the sample treated with 3 mL had the lowest microbial load, hence, it can be inferred that the squeezed scent leaf extracts had the best preservative effect.
Microbiological Evaluation of Ready-to-Drink Tigernut Drinks Sold within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ire Francis Sopuruchukwu , Benneth Goziem Kim , Maduka Ndukwe
Published: June 2020

Aims: Tigernut drink are made from tigernut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) and rich in nutrients. This drink is locally produced and widely consumed in Nigeria irrespective of social status. This study is aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and physicochemical property of tigernut drinks sold within Port Harcourt metropolis.

Methodology: Thirty (30) samples of freshly prepared and packaged tigernut drinks were randomly purchased from different vendors in five locations of Port Harcourt metropolis (Agip Estate, Abuja Campus (Uniport), Choba, Mile 1 and Mile 2 Markets). The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological and physicochemical methods. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to analyze the data.

Results: Results obtained showed that the pH of the samples ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 while the total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 6. 54-6.74 log10 CFU/mL. Total fungal count of tigernut drinks ranged from 6.0-6.2 log10 CFU/mL. A total of nine (9) bacterial genera namely Staphylococcus sp. (37.3%), Escherichia sp. (21.3%), Salmonella sp. (12%), Pseudomonas sp. (12%), Klebsiella sp. (4%), Bacillus sp. (4%), Micrococcus sp. (4%), Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) were isolated from the samples. Six (6) fungal genera were also encountered in the drink sampled which include Rhizopus sp. (1.4%), Saccharomyces sp. (4.4%), Aspergillus sp. (30.9%), Fusarium sp. (26.5%), Penicillium sp. (30.9%) and Candida sp. (5.9%). The result revealed that Staphylococcus sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (37.3%) followed by E. coli (21.3%), while Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) recorded the least. Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (30.9%) whereas Rhizopus sp. had the least (1.4%). The results of this study revealed that all the samples from the five (5) locations were heavily contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and found not suitable for human consumption based on the standard recommended by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). NAFDAC stipulated that mesophilic aerobic count of locally prepared beverages should be < 5.0 log10 CFU/mL.

Conclusion: The huge contamination recorded in all the samples irrespective of the location could be linked to poor hygienic levels during processing. Therefore, good manufacturing practices, public health enlightenment campaign and strict regulations from relevant agencies are recommended to avoid foodborne infections, diseases and possible deaths which could result from consumption of such contaminated tigernut drinks.
System for Evidence of Corruption Criminal Act in Indonesia
Authors: Balo Herdiyanto H. R. , Wantu Fence M. , Tijow Lusiana Margareth
Published: June 2020

This study analyzed the system of evidence of corruption related to evidence and the quantity of evidence in cases of corruption. The researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach that grouped and selected data obtained from field research according to its quality and truth, then related to theories, principles and legal norms obtained from library studies. The data was analyzed qualitatively by processing existing legal materials to answer the main research problem. The results of the study stated that the evidence in the crimes act of corruption consisted of at least two, namely negative and absolute (pure proof). In this negative verification, the construction of article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code is used. The legal norm emphasizes the burden of proving criminal offenses to the public prosecutor. This is in line with the principle of the actori incumbit onus probandi, which means who demands, he proves. Meanwhile, regarding the types of evidence that are valid and may be used to prove what has been determined in article 184 paragraph one of the Criminal Procedure Code, are witness statements, expert statements, letters, instructions, and statements of the defendant.