bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Welding Mode on the Structural-Phase State of Steel 0.12С-18Cr-10Ni-1Ti-Fe at Welding by Modulated Current
Authors: Smirnov A.N. , Popova Natalya A. , Nikonenko E.L. , Ababkov N.V. , Knyazkov K.V. , Knyazkov V.L.
Published: May 2020

Investigations conducted by transmission electron microscopy on thin foils were aimed at studying the structural-phase state of heat-affected zone of the welding joint performed by modulated current at two welding modes: coarse-droplet and fine-droplet transfer. Welding was conducted on the austenitic steel 0.12С-18Cr-10Ni-1Ti-Fe using the facility UDI-203. Welding modes were: Ii= 175 А (coarse-droplet transfer) and 140 А (fine-droplet transfer). Welding was performed on thin foils sized 200 × 15 × 4 mm3. Investigations were focused on heat-affected zone at the distance of 1 mm from the weld line towards the base metal – the base metal zone and at the distance of 0.5 mm towards the welded metal – the welded metal zone. The studies showed that in the state before welding the steel matrix presents γ-phase (austenite), which has face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattice. Morphologically the steel structure is given as grains where defect structure is presented by only network dislocation substructure, and grains where along with the dislocation substructure there are mechanical (or deformation) microtwins in the form of packages of one, two and three systems. It was established that welding of steel 0.12С-18Cr-10Ni-1Ti-Fe by modulated current with coarse-droplet transfer leads to martensitic transformation γ → ε only in the welded metal zone. At fine-droplet transfer welding leads to martensitic transformation γ → ε both in the base metal zone and in the welded metal zone. In the welded metal zone phase transformation γ → ε occurs more intensively. It was revealed that crystal lattice distortion in the whole heat-affected zone at welding by modulated current has only plastic nature, irrespective of the welding mode. Welding by modulated current with fine-droplet transfer leads to lower internal stresses in the whole heat-affected zone.
Pore Formation during Laser Welding in Different Spatial Positions
Authors: Bernatskyi A. , Sydorets Volodymyr N. , Berdnikova O. , Krivtsun I. , Chinakhov Dmitry А.
Published: May 2020

The process of formation of pores, cavities and similar defects in welded joints of stainless steels and aluminum alloys, affecting their quality, directly depends on spatial weld position in laser welding. Reducing the angle of inclination from 90° to 0° during downhill and uphill welding of AISI 321 stainless steel in the pulse mode of laser generation leads to an increase in both the number of pores and their size. At the same time, defects in the form of pores are not observed in the continuous mode of laser generation. In laser welding of butt joints of AISI 321 steel, the flat and vertical weld positions are the most promising, as they provide the highest level of quality. In order to provide a stable formation of a high-quality butt joint of aluminum AMg6M alloy and to prevent the failure of laser equipment, the welding process should be carried out in a vertical uphill weld position.
GPA33: A Marker to Identify Stable Human Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Opstelten Rianne , de Kivit Sander , Slot Manon C. , van den Biggelaar Maartje , Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ Dorota , Gliwiński Mateusz , Scott Andrew M. , Blom Bianca , Trzonkowski Piotr , Borst Jannie , Cuadrado Eloy , Amsen Derk
Published: May 2020

FOXP3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells safeguard immunological tolerance. Treg cells can be generated during thymic development (called thymic Treg [tTreg] cells) or derived from mature conventional CD4+ T cells that underwent TGF-β–mediated conversion in the periphery (called peripheral Treg [pTreg] cells). Murine studies have shown that tTreg cells exhibit strong lineage fidelity, whereas pTreg cells can revert into conventional CD4+ T cells. Their stronger lineage commitment makes tTreg cells the safest cells to use in adoptive cell therapy, increasingly used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Markers to distinguish human tTreg cells from pTreg cells have, however, not been found. Based on combined proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we report that the Ig superfamily protein GPA33 is expressed on a subset of human Treg cells. GPA33 is acquired late during tTreg cell development but is not expressed on TGF-β–induced Treg cells. GPA33 identifies Treg cells in human blood that lack the ability to produce effector cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-17), regardless of differentiation stage. GPA33high Treg cells universally express the transcription factor Helios that preferentially marks tTreg cells and can robustly and stably be expanded in vitro even without rapamycin. Expanded GPA33high Treg cells are suppressive, unable to produce proinflammatory cytokines, and exhibit the epigenetic modifications of the FOXP3 gene enhancer CNS2, necessary for indelible expression of this critical transcription factor. Our findings thus suggest that GPA33 identifies human tTreg cells and provide a strategy to isolate such cells for safer and more efficacious adoptive cell therapy.
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Development of T Follicular Helper Cells and Initiate Allergic Sensitization to Peanuts
Authors: Krempski James W. , Kobayashi Takao , Iijima Koji , McKenzie Andrew N. , Kita Hirohito
Published: May 2020

Peanut allergy is a growing public concern; however, little is known about the immunological mechanism(s) that initiate the disease process. Our knowledge is also limited regarding the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in regulating humoral immunity. To fill these major gaps in our knowledge, we investigated the immunological mechanisms involved in peanut allergen sensitization by using mouse models. To mimic environmental exposure in humans, naive BALB/c mice were exposed to peanut flour by inhalation without any exogenous adjuvants. When exposed to peanut flour, naive mice developed T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in their lung draining lymph nodes and produced IgE Abs to peanuts. Mice deficient in IL-13 showed decreased numbers of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells and produced significantly fewer IgE Abs. IL-13 was necessary and sufficient for induction of CD11c+ MHC class IIhi dendritic cells that are implicated in Tfh cell development. Importantly, lung ILC2s served as a predominant early source of IL-13 when naive mice were exposed to peanut flour. Furthermore, mice that are deficient in lung ILC2s by bone marrow transfer from Rorasg/sg mice or by genetic manipulation produced significantly fewer IgE Abs to peanuts compared with control mice. These findings suggest lung ILC2s that serve as a rapid source of IL-13 upon allergen exposure play a major role in Tfh cell development, IgE Ab production, and initiation of peanut allergy.
Factors Influencing Developmental Care Performance among Neonatal Intensive Care Units Nurses
Authors: Hong Hyemi , Son Hyun-Mi
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors related to developmental care performance among neonatal intensive care units (NICU) nurses. Methods: The participants were 139 nurses who had provided care to premature infants for more than 6 months and were recruited from the NICU of 8 hospitals. Data were collected from September 1 to December 1, 2017 through questionnaires that encompassed developmental care performance, developmental care perceptions, and the nursing work environment. Results: More than half (51.8%) of the participants responded that they had never received developmental care education, and for 89.6% of those who had received developmental care education, it was a one-time event. The average developmental care performance of NICU nurses was 0.81, with a range of 0.5~1 point. Multiple regression analysis, demonstrated that the nursing work environment (β=.27, p=.001) and developmental care perceptions (β=.23, p=.004) influenced developmental care performance, with a total explanatory power of 14%. Conclusion: Based on these results, developmental care education for the NICU nurses must be provided systematically. In addition, strategies to improve nurses' perceptions of developmental care and to provide appropriate support for the nursing work environment can promote developmental care performance.
Comparison of the Meaning of Life between Older School-age Children and Their Parents: A Mixed-methods Analysis
Authors: Lim Young Sook
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This mixed-methods study was conducted to compare and analyze the perceptions of children and their parents regarding the meaning of the children’s life. Methods: First, children’s and parents’ perceptions of the meaning of life were analyzed using a quantitative approach, and the cognitive differences between children and parents were then confirmed through a qualitative approach. We integrated the collected data comprehensively. Results: Ten significant differences (awareness of strong points, recognizing oneself as a precious being, relationships with friends, happy memories, liking people, experiencing difficulty, dreams and goals, experiencing love, appreciating life, helping people who are poorer than me) were identified between children and parents. The results of the content analysis of the qualitative data were divided into two variables: children’s experiences of the meaning of life (78 significant statements, 32 sub-themes, and 10 themes) and parents’ perceptions of the meaning of life of their children (89 significant statements, 36 sub-themes, and 10 themes). Conclusion: Based on these results, we propose developing meaning-centered intervention programs for children and parents and applying them for educational purposes. By doing so, we expect that meaning-centered education for elementary school students will become more active.
Correlations between Obtaining Fever Management Information from the Internet and Knowledge and Practices of Fever Management by Mothers of Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Kim Hyeon Jin , Koo Hyun Young
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify correlations between how much fever management information mothers obtained from the internet and their actual knowledge and practices of fever management. Methods: This was a descriptive survey of 172 mothers with children aged between 0 and 3 attending five daycare centers located in the city of Daegu. Descriptive statistics, the independent t-test or one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis.Results: In total, 75% of the mothers had searched the internet for information on fever management. The overwhelming majority (92.2%) used information from the internet to help manage fever in their children. Positive correlations were found between acquiring fever management information from the internet and fever management practices (r=.18, p=.038), and between mother’s knowledge and practices of fever management (r=.27, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, to improve fever management practices, it is necessary to increase mothers’ knowledge. Therefore, resources should be developed to augment mothers’ knowledge of fever management through the internet.
Factors Associated with Pressure to Eat as a Feeding Practice among Mothers with Infants
Authors: Ra Jin Suk , Jeong Yeon-Hee , Kim Soon Ok
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors-both infant-related and maternal-associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and included 163 mothers of infants aged 2~12 months. Of the 180 self-reported questionnaires that were distributed, 163 (91%) were included in the data analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among the mothers.Results: Infant’s temperament (β=-.17, p=.035), mother’s body mass index (β=-.16, p=.048), and concern about the infant being underweight (β=.30, p=.001) were associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers. The explanatory power of these variables in the predictive model was 19.2%. Conclusion: Educational programs should be developed for improving mother’s awareness of cues from infants with difficult temperament. In addition, educational interventions regarding the correct evaluation of infant’s weight are needed to relieve mother’s concern about their infant’s being underweight. These interventions might be helpful to reduce the prevalence of pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants.
Bereavement Care for Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Literature Review
Authors: Seo Wonjin , Lee Hyejung , Oh Sumi , Sa Hyoeun , Kim Hyoyeong
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review studies investigating the effect of bereavement care provided for parents in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: We conducted a literature review of databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) for studies published in English and four databases (RISS, KISS, NANET, and KoreaMed) for Korean studies. The selection criteria included original articles that evaluated the parents’ perceptions or responses to bereavement care provided in the neonatal intensive care unit. Of 889 articles from the initial screening, 66 articles underwent full-text review and five articles were finally selected for analysis. Results: None of the studies was conducted in Korea. Only one study used a randomized control trial design. The forms of bereavement care reviewed included a provision of a memory package, grief information, and emotional and/or social support from peers or health care providers. The effectiveness of bereavement care was measured by including grief, social support, and depression. Conclusion: Bereavement care can be considered to be beneficial for relieving grief reactions and enhancing the personal growth of bereaved parents. Future research should assess the needs of bereaved parents in Korea. Nurses may play a role in developing the bereavement care for parents.
Caravelas à Vista: Giros Decoloniais e Caminhos de Resistência na Formação de Professoras e Professores que Ensinam Matemática
Authors: Victor Giraldo  , Filipe Santos Fernandes
Published: May 2020

Este ensaio assume uma opção decolonial para debater a formação de professoras e professores que ensinam matemática. Articulando onze estudos aceitos no GT19 – Educação Matemática, da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Educação (ANPEd), na ocasião de sua da 39ª Reunião Nacional, foi possível discutir traços e efeitos de colonialidade que se manifestam na formação de professoras e professores que ensinam matemática, apontando relações de poder, regulações e movimentos de resistência envolvidos nos espaços e tempos que compõem diferentes processos formativos. Para apresentar essa discussão, propomos três eixos que, em nossa interpretação pautada na decolonialidade, atravessam essas relações, possibilitando a construção de caminhos de resistência: coletivos docentes como espaços de resistência; metodologias em diálogos com saberes; e matemática como desobediência político-epistêmica. Esperamos que este ensaio nos desafie a assumir posições ativas, evidenciando papéis que a escola e a universidade têm exercido como instrumentos de um projeto de poder hegemônico de padrões coloniais; mas que também contribua para a construção de posicionamentos, posturas e horizontes de resistência, de transgressão, de intervenção e de insurgência no contexto da formação de professoras e professores que ensinam matemática.
ANÁLISE DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA E FINANCEIRA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UMA CERVEJARIA ARTESANAL EM RECIFE/PE
Authors: Rapôso Cláudio Filipe Lima , Matsumoto André Rodrigues , Brito Giovanni Bruno Lopes de Souza , De Lima Haniel Melo
Published: May 2020

O desenvolvimento e planejamento de novos negócios são ações cruciais para o sucesso em tempo de diversas integrações internacionais, pois, as pessoas estão cada vez mais preocupadas e exigentes com a forma, a qualidade, e o custo em contraste ao valor agregado do produto final. É no desenvolvimento desses planos que se evidencia ações questionáveis e que possam trazer prejuízos à empresa, à sua posição e criticidade em relação a fatores internos e externos, e externar possíveis diferenciais entre os concorrentes e a capacidade de corrigir possíveis problemas. Este trabalho tem como hipótese de que o mercado em Recife-PE ainda é lucrativo e dessa forma apresenta como objetivos específicos: Calcular a receita e despesa da implantação de um microcervejaria artesanal na região, calcula e analisar os indicadores de viabilidade.

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Practical discourse and the notion of democratic dialogue
Authors: Gustavsen Bjørn
Published: May 2020

The notion of democratic dialogue made its entrance in Scandinavian workplacedevelopment in the 1980s. One reason was the need, recognised by the labour marketparties, for replacing negotiations with more evolutionary forms of communication in localdevelopment contexts. The article traces the emergence of the concept, its content and itsfate as a moving force in development processes. The movement towards dialogue has beensuccessful in the sense that dialogue has become common in workplace conversations. Thedevelopment also raises new challenges.
Ludwig Wittgenstein and his Followers
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses the work of Wittgenstein, and traces the influences on Scandinavian followers, and in particular Toulmin, Goranzon and Gustavsen. It provides a fresh context for Workplace Innovation and Action Research.
Why Industry 4.0 needs Workplace Innovation: a critical look at the German debate on advanced manufacturing
Authors: Kopp Ralf , Howaldt Jürgen , Schultze Jürgen
Published: May 2020

Behind labels in the international debate such as “autonomics” and “advanced manufacturing” hides the attempt to accelerate the digitalisation of production. In Germany, the future of manufacturing is intimately bound up with the vision of Industry 4.0. Despite considerable uncertainties and risks, and despite negative experiences with such technology-centred approaches in the past (e.g. with concepts such as the “fully automated factory” or “Enterprise 2.0”), there is a broad, almost unbroken consensus between social partners and policy-makers. Widespread implementation of this technology-centred vision appears to be necessary and crucial for competitiveness, and without alternatives, so that only the question of its socially acceptable design remains to be answered. Our article aims to show, however, that there are alternatives to a concept based on a one-sided, technology-oriented understanding of innovation. It therefore makes an important difference whether Industry 4.0 or Workplace Innovation stands at the centre of such far-reaching plans for the future.
Are healthy workplaces innovative? How workplace health management can help launching workplace innovation
Authors: Gabathuler Michael
Published: May 2020

Based on a review of existing literature and studies, the author explores the synergies between workplace innovation and workplace health management. The object of investigation is the overlap between workplace health management and workplace innovation with a hybrid primary focus on concurrent improvement of organisational performance and quality of working life. The review provides an insight into which internal and external elements play a decisive role in the process towards better performance and quality of working life. The author clarifies how workplace health management and workplace innovation share common ground with respect to the salutogenic quality of an organisational system. Moreover, he suggests a model to conceptually distinguish workplace health management and workplace innovation with regard to the specific focus. Finally, the comparison points to opportunities how the two concepts can reinforce each other.
Book review: Workplace Innovation: Theory, Research and Practice
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

Peter R.A. Oeij, Diana Rus and Frank D. Pot (Editors)In the series Aligning Perspectives on Health, Safety and Well-BeingSpringer, Switzerland 2017ISBN 978-3-319-56332-9 413 pp
How does the PRIDE theory describe leadership and organisation that enhances vocational education teachers’ (VET) enthusiasm? An analysis of enthusiastic Finnish VET-teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Wenström Sanna , Uusiautti Satu , Määttä Kaarina
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research was to analyse vocational education teachers’ (VET) perceptions of enthusiasm at work. The analysis leaned on positive organisational theory and an index called PRIDE. Finnish VETs (N=15) who described themselves as enthusiastic teachers were interviewed with a themed interview method. The analysis followed the principles of qualitative content analysis. The data were categorised in a theory-based manner into the elements of PRIDE theory: positive practices, relationship enhancement, individual attributes, deviant leadership, and emotional well-being. According to the findings, the elements of PRIDE appeared interconnected in a manner that could be enhanced through leadership and organisation of work. Three themes appeared common to all elements: opportunities for development and to develop work, recognition and use of strengths and potential, and enhancement of interaction and collaboration. The research brought important information about how VETs could cope with the current changing work, and maintain their enthusiasm during the reform process of vocational education taking place in Finland. In addition, suggestions were made on how to lead and enhance teacher enthusiasm as a part of renewing vocational teaching.
Towards a Multidisciplinary Research Framework for studying the Digital Transformation of Industry
Authors: Dessers Ezra , Dhondt Steven , Ramioul Monique , De Schutter Joris , Pintelon Liliane , Decré Wilm , Van Bockhaven Wouter , Coreynen Wim , De Looze Michiel , Van Hootegem Geert
Published: May 2020

The manufacturing industry is increasingly regarded as an essential ingredient of an ecosystem of production of goods and services. Key enabling technologies are considered to be the motors behind the ongoing digital transformation of industry. Given that there are still a number of open questions that need to be addressed in order to develop successful strategies for further implementation of these technologies, and to understand how workplace innovation plays a role in the digital transformation of industry, this paper seeks to design a comprehensive research approach and explains how this approach is applied in the PARADIGMS 4.0 research project on the digital transformation of industry in the region of Flanders, Belgium. Based on the identification of current knowledge gaps, research questions are defined on the topics of technology and work organisation, skills and participation, organisational and regional strategies, and labour market impact. A multi-level, multi-disciplinary, multi-method and multi-stakeholder research design was developed in order to study these topics in an integrated way. While this innovative comprehensiveness is seen as a major strength, it is acknowledged that the research design comes with certain risks that need to be tackled.
Coping with the Future: The Brexit Kodak Moment
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

This short article is based on a keynote talk at the "Coping with the Future" conference at the University of Agder in October 2018. It has been updated to take account of the situation in September 2019.
Engelskundervisning på mellomtrinnet
Authors: Nygård Kari
Published: May 2020

Engelskundervisning på mellomtrinnet: Bruk av litteratur i undervisningen for å tilegne seg et bedre vokabular
The influence of a Lesson Study cycle on a 2nd grade EFL picture book-based teaching practice lesson in Norway
Authors: Larssen Deborah , Drew Ion
Published: May 2020

This study aims to explore the influence of Lesson Study on the teaching of a 2nd grade English as a foreign language (EFL) picture book-based lesson conducted by a group of student teachers during teaching practice in Norway. Lesson Study is an investigative educational method originating in Japan. A group of teachers plan a research lesson which one of them teaches and the others observe, their attention focussing on a few selected pupils. The lesson is reviewed, re-planned and re-taught to a different class. The data presented here was collected through video-recordings of two lessons (a lesson taught and the same lesson re-planned and re-taught) and their corresponding pre-, mid-and post-supervision sessions. Lesson Study appeared to have had an influence on the activities, especially the type and number of questions being asked by the teacher, the timing of activities, and the use of the target language. It also appeared to have had an influence on the attitudes of both the mentors and students to using picture books with young EFL learners. Lesson Study has previously been little used and researched in foreign language teaching. This study demonstrates its potential to enhance teaching and learning in that context.
Reflexiones para una práctica docente de integración de destrezas y contenidos en los programas de español a nivel universitario
Authors: Soriano Salkjelsvik Kari
Published: May 2020

SUMMARY This article is a reflection on the possibilities that the concept of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), can provide for the teaching of foreign language programs at the university level, using as an example the programs of Hispanic studies in Norway. After reviewing the concept of CLIL, and placing it in the context of Hispanic studies, the article investigates its practical, political, and educational applications. It is argued that integrating skills and content fully at the university level is a task that depends on specific administrative infrastructures, as well as on methodological resources that can make this integration an object of study and reflection. In this context, this work aims to promote the creation of new teaching proposals for university programs of foreign languages ​​that respond to the challenges and demands that are currently facing the humanities. RESUMEN Este artículo se concibe como una reflexión sobre las posibilidades que el concepto de Aprendizaje integrado de contenido y lengua (AICLE), puede aportar para la enseñanza los programas de lenguas extranjeras en las universidades, utilizando como ejemplo los programas de estudios hispánicos en Noruega. Tras revisar el concepto de CLIL, y situarlo en el contexto de los estudios hispánicos, el artículo indaga sobre su aplicación práctica y político-educativa.  Se arguye que integrar destrezas y contenidos plenamente a nivel universitario es una tarea que depende de infraestructuras administrativas específicas, así como de recursos metodológicos que hagan de dicha integración un objeto de estudio y reflexión. En este sentido, este trabajo quiere impulsar la creación de nuevas propuestas docentes para los programas universitarios de lenguas extranjeras que respondan a los retos y exigencias a los que actualmente se están enfrentando las humanidades.
El uso de narraciones para estudiar la influencia interlingüística en la producción de aprendices noruegos de español como L3
Authors: Manteiga Victor
Published: May 2020

La influencia interlingüística (IIL) en la mente de los hablantes es una de las piezas fundamentales para comprender los procesos cognitivos de aprendizaje y producción de una segunda o sucesiva lengua. En este artículo se exponen ciertos aspectos metodológicos y cognitivos del uso de narraciones escritas para investigar fenómenos de IIL en la producción de lenguas extranjeras. La efectividad del método se ilustra en los casos de transferencia lingüística identificados en la producción de textos escritos por estudiantes de español L3 en institutos de bachillerato noruegos. Los resultados del análisis apuntan a retos para superar conceptualizaciones altamente afianzadas por el uso de la L1 y la L2 que dificultan la expresión de ciertas representaciones mentales durante la producción de la L3, en concreto las que involucran el uso de verbos de movimiento (ej. “ir”, “saltar”, “entrar”, etc.).
Noruega como espacio periférico en la depuración del Modernismo hispánico. El caso de Efrén Rebolledo y su libro Saga de Sigrida la Blonda (1922)
Authors: Quintana Pareja Emilio
Published: May 2020

En este ensayo queremos iluminar en lo posible la etapa noruega de la vida y obra del escritor y poeta mexicano Efrén Rebolledo (1877-1929). Nos centramos en especial en su “novella” autobiográfica Saga de Sigrida la Blonda (Kristiania, Det Mallingske Bogtrykkeri, 1922). Noruega se revela para el escritor mexicano como un espacio periférico en relación con un centro parisino (París como Babel del modernismo sensualista), en el que es posible la redención regeneradora mediante el descubrimiento del revés inmaculado de la estética decadente, estética que Rebolledo no deja nunca de cultivar. Conectamos este cruce estético con el del poeta español Antonio de Zayas (1871-1945), modernista “casticista”, según denominación asentada, Embajador de España en Estocolmo durante dos períodos entre 1902 y 1918. La significación de lo nórdico en la obra de ambos poetas diplomáticos (que incluye el ensayo “Piscología y costumbres del pueblo escandinavo”, que Zayas publica en 1907), nos sirve para llamar la atención sobre aspectos fundamentales de la relación entre el modernismo hispano y la necesidad de una regeneración nacional tras la debacle de 1898.
Todo mundo pode escolher o feminismo: o convite de Bell Hooks
Authors: Franco Luciele Mariel
Published: May 2020

HOOKS, bell. O feminismo é para todo mundo: políticas arrebatadoras. 1 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Rosa dos Tempos, 2018. E-book.O Feminismo é para todo mundo: políticas arrebatadoras (2018) pauta-se na compreensão que bell hooks tem de feminismo para analisar os problemas enfrentados pelo movimento, elencar as conquistas já obtidas e apontar as pautas a serem desenvolvidas, tendo em vista as estruturas opressoras ainda vigentes. A autora defende que o feminismo deve ser fruto de uma escolha consciente e, para isso, é necessário que uma educação feminista seja difundida em massa.
Investigating three patterns of new particles growing to cloud condensation nuclei size in Beijing's urban atmosphere
Authors: Ma Liya , Zhu Yujiao , Zheng Mei , Sun Yele , Huang Lei , Liu Xiaohuan , Gao Yang , Shen Yanjie , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The growth of newly formed particles with diameters from ~ 10 nm to a larger size was investigated in Beijing's urban atmosphere on 10–23 December 2011, 12–27 April 2012 and through June–August 2014. The maximum geometric median diameter (Dpgmax) of newly formed particles in 11/27 new particle formation (NPF) events through June–August exceeded 75 nm, and the grown new particles may contribute to the population of cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast, no apparent growth in new particles with Dpgmax
An inter-laboratory comparison of aerosol in organic ion measurements by Ion Chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate
Authors: Xu Jingsha , Song Shaojie , Harrison Roy M. , Song Congbo , Wei Lianfang , Zhang Qiang , Sun Yele , Lei Lu , Zhang Chao , Yao Xiaohong , Chen Dihui , Li Weijun , Wu Miaomiao , Tian Hezhong , Luo Lining , Tong Shengrui , Li Weiran , Wang Junling , Shi Guoliang , Huangfu Yanqi , Tian Yingze , Ge Baozhu , Su Shaoli , Peng Chao , Chen Yang , Yang Fumo , Mihajlidi-Zelić Aleksandra , Đorđević Dragana , Swift Stefan J. , Andrews Imogen , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Sun Ye , Kramawijaya Agung , Han Jinxiu , Saksakulkrai Supattarachai , Baldo Clarissa , Hou Siqi , Zheng Feixue , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Yan Chao , Liu Yongchun , Kulmala Markku , Fu Pingqing , Shi Zongbo
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Water soluble inorganic ions such as ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate are major components of fine aerosols in the atmosphere and are widely used in the estimation of aerosol acidity. However, different experimental practices and instrumentation may lead to uncertainties in ion concentrations. Here, an inter-comparison experiment was conducted in 10 different laboratories (labs) to investigate the consistency of inorganic ion concentrations and resultant aerosol acidity estimates using the same set of aerosol filter samples. The results mostly exhibited good agreement for major ions Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and K+. However, F−, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were observed with more variations across the different labs. The Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) data of non-refractory SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ generally correlated very well with the filter analysis based data in our study, but the absolute concentrations differ by up to 42 %. Cl− from the two methods are correlated but the concentration differ by more than 3 times. The analyses of certified reference materials (CRMs) generally showed good recovery of all ions in all the labs, the majority of which ranged between 90 % and 110 %. Better agreements were found for Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and K+ across the labs after their concentrations were corrected with CRM recoveries; the coefficient of variation (CV) of Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and K+ decreased 1.7 %, 3.4 %, 3.4 %, 1.2 % and 2.6 %, respectively, after CRM correction. We found that the ratio of anion to cation equivalent concentrations (AE/CE) is not a good indicator for aerosol acidity estimates, as the results in different labs did not agree well with each other. Ion balance (anions – cations) calculated from SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ gave more consistent results, because of their relatively large concentrations and good agreement among different labs. In situ aerosol pH calculated from the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model with measured ion and ammonia concentrations showed a similar trend and good agreement across the 10 labs. Our results indicate that although there are important uncertainties in aerosol ion concentration measurements, the estimated aerosol pH from the ISORROPIA-II model is more consistent.
Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients
in the root zone
Authors: Yan Jing , Bogie Nathaniel A. , Ghezzehei Teamrat
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils, where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. In natural environments, it is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plants to rely on strategies that allow them to explore and acquire nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study to provide a mechanistic understanding of the biophysical factors that enable this adaptation. We grew plants in split-root pots that permitted precisely controlled spatial distributions of resources. The results demonstrated that spatial mismatch of water and nutrient availability does not cost plant productivity compared to matched distributions. Specifically, we showed that nutrient uptake is not reduced by overall soil dryness, provided that the whole plant has access to sufficient water elsewhere in the root zone. Essential strategies include extensive root proliferation towards nutrient-rich dry soil patches that allows rapid nutrient capture from brief pulses. Using high-frequency water potential measurements, we also observed nocturnal water release by roots that inhabit dry and nutrient-rich soil patches. Soil water potential gradient is the primary driver of this transfer of water from wet to dry soil parts of the root zone, which is commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR prevents the soil drying from approaching the permanent wilting point, and thus supports root functions and enhance nutrient availability. Our results indicate that roots facilitate HR by increasing root-hair density and length and deposition of organic coatings that alter water retention. Therefore, we conclude that biologically-controlled root adaptation involves multiple strategies that compensate for nutrient acquisition under mismatched resource distributions. Based on our findings, we proposed a nature-inspired nutrient management strategy for significantly curtailing water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.
Technical note: Seamless gas measurements across Land-Ocean Aquatic Continuum – corrections and evaluation of sensor data for CO2, CH4 and O2 from field deployments in contrasting environments
Authors: Canning Anna , Körtzinger Arne , Fietzek Peer , Rehder Gregor
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Comparatively the ocean and inland waters are two separate worlds, with concentrations in greenhouse gases having orders of magnitude in difference between the two. Together they create the Land-Ocean Aquatic Continuum (LOAC), which comprises itself largely of areas with little to no data in regards to understanding the global carbon system. Reasons for this include remote and inaccessible sample locations, often tedious methods that require collection of water samples and subsequent analysis in the lab, as well as the complex interplay of biological, physical and chemical processes. This has led to large inconsistencies, increasing errors and inevitably leading to potentially false upscaling. Here we demonstrate successful deployment in oceanic to remote inland regions, over extreme concentration ranges with multiple pre-existing oceanographic sensors combined set-up, allowing for highly detailed and accurate measurements. The set-up consists of sensors measuring pCO2, pCH4 (both flow-through, membrane-based NDIR or TDLAS sensors), O2, and a thermosalinograph at high-resolution from the same water source simultaneously. The flexibility of the system allowed deployment from freshwater to open ocean conditions on varying vessel sizes, where we managed to capture day-night cycles, repeat transects and also delineate small scale variability. Our work demonstrates the need for increased spatiotemporal monitoring, and shows a way to homogenize methods and data streams in the ocean and limnic realms.
Shyft v4.8: A Framework for Uncertainty Assessment and
Distributed Hydrologic Modelling for Operational Hydrology
Authors: Burkhart John F. , Matt Felix N. , Helset Sigbjørn , Sultan Abdella Yisak , Skavhaug Ola , Silantyeva Olga
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This paper presents Shyft, a novel hydrologic modelling software for streamflow forecasting targeted for use in hydropower production environments and research. The software enables the rapid development and implementation in operational settings, the capability to perform distributed hydrologic modelling with multiple model and forcing configurations. Multiple models may be built up through the creation of hydrologic algorithms from a library of well known routines or through the creation of new routines, each defined for processes such as: evapotranspiration, snow accumulation and melt, and soil water response. Key to the design of Shyft is an Application Programming Interface (api) that provides access to all components of the framework (including the individual hydrologic routines) via Python, while maintaining high computational performance as the algorithms are implemented in modern C++. The api allows for rapid exploration of different model configurations and selection of an optimal forecast model. Several different methods may be aggregated and composed, allowing direct intercomparison of models and algorithms. In order to provide an enterprise level software, strong focus is given to computational efficiency, code quality, documentation and test coverage. Shyft is released Open Source under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0 and available at https://gitlab.com/shyft-os, facilitating effective cooperation between core developers, industry, and research institutions.
From R-squared to coefficient of model accuracy for assessing "goodness-of-fits"
Authors: Onyutha Charles
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Modelers tend to focus more on advancing methods of statistical and mathematical modeling than developing novel techniques for comparing modeled results with observations or establishing metrics for model performance assessment. Perhaps solely the most extensively applied "goodness-of-fit" measure especially for assessing performance of regression models is the coefficient of determination R2. Normally, high R2 tends to be associated with an efficient model. Nevertheless, R2 has been cited to have no importance in the classical model of regression. Even in its use in descriptive statistics, R2 is known to have questionable justification. R2 is inadequate in assessing model performance because it does not give any information on the model residuals. Furthermore, R-squared can be low for an effective model. Contrastingly, a very poor model fit can yield high R2. Regressing X on Y yields R2 which is the same as that if Y is regressed on X thereby invalidating its use as a coefficient of determination. Taking into account the drawbacks of using R2, this paper introduces coefficient of model accuracy (CMA) the derivation of which comprises an analogy to the R2. However, instead of simply squaring an ordinary Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient to obtain R2, CMA comprises the product of nonparametric sample correlation and model bias. Acceptability of the introduced method can be found demonstrated through comparison of results from simulations by hydrological models calibrated using CMA and other existing objective functions.
Data-driven estimates of evapotranspiration and its drivers in the Congo Basin
Authors: Burnett Michael W. , Quetin Gregory R. , Konings Alexandra G.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) from tropical forests serves as a critical moisture source for regional and global climate cycles. However, the magnitude, seasonality, and interannual variability of ET in the Congo Basin remain poorly constrained due to a scarcity of direct observations, despite it being the second-largest river basin the world and containing a vast region of tropical forest. In this study, we applied a water balance model to an array of remotely-sensed and in-situ datasets to produce monthly, basin-wide ET estimates spanning April 2002 to November 2016. Data sources include water storage changes estimated from the Gravity Recover and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, in-situ measurements of river discharge, and precipitation from several remotely sensed sources. An optimal precipitation dataset was determined as a weighted average of interpolated data by Nicholson et al. (2018), Climate Hazards Infrared Precipitation with Station Version 2 (CHIRPS2) data, and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks−Climate Data Record product (PERSIANN−CDR), with the relative weights based on the error magnitudes in each dataset as determined by triple collocation. The resulting water balance-derived ET (ETwb) features a long-term average that is consistent with previous studies (117.2 ± 3.5 cm/year), but displays greater seasonal and interannual variability than six global ET products. The seasonal cycle of ETwb generally tracks that of precipitation over the basin, with the exception that ETwb is greater in March–April–May (MAM) than in the relatively wetter September–October–November (SON) periods. This pattern appears to be driven by seasonal variations in diffuse photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) fraction, net radiation (Rn), and soil water availability. From 2002–2016, Rn, PAR, and vapor-pressure deficit (VPD) all increase significantly within the Congo Basin; however, no corresponding trend occurred in ETwb. We hypothesize that the stability of ETwb over the study period despite sunnier and less humid conditions is likely due to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations that offset the impacts of rising VPD and irradiance on stomatal water use efficiency (WUE).
Mechanisms and predictability of Sudden Stratospheric Warming in winter 2018
Authors: Erner Irene , Karpechko Alexey Y. , Järvinen Heikki J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In the beginning of February 2018 a rapid deceleration of the westerly circulation in the polar Northern Hemisphere stratosphere took place and on 12 February the zonal mean zonal wind at 60° N and 10 hPa reversed to easterly in a Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event. We investigate the role of the tropospheric forcing in the occurrence of the SSW, its predictability and teleconnection with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) by analysing the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble forecast. The SSW was preceded by significant synoptic wave activity over the Pacific and Atlantic basins, which led to the upward propagation of wave packets and resulted in the amplification of a stratospheric wavenumber 2 planetary wave. The dynamical and statistical analyses indicate that the main tropospheric forcing resulted from an anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking, subsequent blocking and upward wave propagation in the Ural Mountains region, in agreement with some previous studies. The ensemble members which predicted the wind reversal, also reasonably reproduced this chain of events, from the horizontal propagation of individual wave packets to upward wave activity fluxes and the amplification of wavenumber 2. On the other hand, the ensemble members which failed to predict the wind reversal, also failed to properly capture the blocking event in the key region of the Urals and the associated intensification of upward propagating wave activity. Finally, a composite analysis suggests that teleconnections associated with the record-breaking MJO phase 6 observed in the late January 2018 likely played a role in triggering this SSW event.
Comparative evaluation of retentive strength of polyvinyl siloxane impression materials to custom tray using different tray adhesives: An In Vitro study
Authors: Devassy Jinsa P , Pradeep Nishna , Sreekumar A V , George Jimmy , James Jittin , George Jacob
Published: May 2020

The retentive strength of the impression material to the impression tray is an important factor that can affect the quality of the final impression. Separation of the impression from the tray or tearing of the impression while removing from the mouth could be one of the reasons for distortion. It is imperative to know the most effective tray adhesive which can be used with different brands of rubber-based impression material. So, this study was directed to compare the different tray adhesives that can be effectively used in our day-to-day clinical practice.