bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanics Institutes in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Victoria: Racial Difference and Liberalism in the Settler Colony
Authors: Boucher Leigh
Published: July 2024

In the second half of the nineteenth century, mechanics institutes proliferated across the Australian colonies at such a rate that, by 1900, they were more widespread, proportional to population, than in Britain. This article examines the first 30 years of their development in colonial Victoria to offer a new interpretation of their deep entanglement with settler colonial liberalism. As in Britain, the Victoria mechanics institutes largely failed to deliver technical education to working-class men. However, the men who propelled their proliferation had much wider hopes for their pedagogic function in the settler colony. This article examines how the twin forces of political liberalism and settler colonialism underwrote and shaped mechanics institutes in mid-nineteenth-century Victoria. Examining the ideas of colonial liberals who propelled their proliferation and the activities that took place within them, it becomes clear that these institutes were imagined to cultivate certain kinds of settler Britons, capable of bearing the freedoms of an emerging settler modernity. At the same time, moreover, they both legitimated and implemented a settler colonial project of dispossession and demographic replacement. Mechanics institutes, I argue, were thus agents of both settler colonial destruction and liberal cultivation.
Heroes and villains: opposing narrative roles engage neural synchronization in the inferior frontal gyrus
Authors: Ryu Hayoung , Kim M Justin
Published: July 2024

Neuroscientific studies have highlighted the role of the default mode network (DMN) in processing narrative information. Here, we examined whether the neural synchronization of the DMN tracked the appearances of protagonists and antagonists when viewing highly engaging, socially rich audiovisual narratives. Using inter-subject correlation analysis on two independent, publicly available movie-watching fMRI datasets, we computed whole-brain neural synchronization during the appearance of the protagonists and antagonists. Results showed that the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) had higher ISC values during the appearance of the protagonists than the antagonists. Importantly, these findings were generalized in both datasets. We discuss the results in the context of information integration and emotional empathy, which are relevant to functions of the IFG. Our study presents generalizable evidence that the IFG show distinctive synchronization patterns due to differences in narrative roles.
Aging AdipoR2‐deficient mice are hyperactive with enlarged brains excessively rich in saturated fatty acids
Authors: Ruiz Mario , Devkota Ranjan , Bergh Per‐Olof , Nik Ali Moussavi , Blid Sköldheden Sebastian , Mondejar‐Duran Jorge , Tufvesson‐Alm Maximilian , Bohlooly‐Y Mohammad , Sanchez Diego , Carlsson Peter , Henricsson Marcus , Jerlhag Elisabet , Borén Jan , Pilon Marc
Published: July 2024

To investigate how the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids influences brain‐specific processes, we leveraged the AdipoR2 (adiponectin receptor 2) knockout mouse model in which the brain is enlarged, and cellular membranes are excessively rich in saturated fatty acids. Lipidomics analysis of brains at 2, 7, and 18 months of age showed that phosphatidylcholines, which make up about two‐thirds of all cerebrum membrane lipids, contain a gross excess of saturated fatty acids in AdipoR2 knockout mice, and that this is mostly attributed to an excess palmitic acid (C16:0) at the expense of oleic acid (C18:1), consistent with a defect in fatty acid desaturation and elongation in the mutant. Specifically, there was a ~12% increase in the overall saturated fatty acid content within phosphatidylcholines and a ~30% increase in phosphatidylcholines containing two palmitic acids. Phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, ceramides, lactosylceramides, and dihydroceramides also showed an excess of saturated fatty acids in the AdipoR2 knockout mice while nervonic acid (C24:1) was enriched at the expense of shorter saturated fatty acids in glyceroceramides. Similar defects were found in the cerebellum and myelin sheaths. Histology showed that cell density is lower in the cerebrum of AdipoR2 knockout mice, but electron microscopy did not detect reproducible defects in the ultrastructure of cerebrum neurons, though proteomics analysis showed an enrichment of electron transport chain proteins in the cerebellum. Behavioral tests showed that older (33 weeks old) AdipoR2 knockout mice are hyperactive and anxious compared to control mice of a similar age. Also, in contrast to control mice, the AdipoR2 knockout mice do not gain weight in old age but do have normal lifespans. We conclude that an excess fatty acid saturation in brain phospholipids is accompanied by hyperactivity but seems otherwise well tolerated.
The detrimental role of galectin‐3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cardiac consequences of myocardial ischemia in the context of obesity
Authors: Jiménez‐González Sara , Delgado‐Valero Beatriz , Islas Fabian , Romero‐Miranda Ana , Luaces María , Ramchandani Bunty , Cuesta‐Corral María , Montoro‐Garrido Alejandro , Martínez‐Martínez Ernesto , Cachofeiro Victoria
Published: July 2024

The association between cardiac fibrosis and galectin‐3 was evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). The role of galectin‐3 and its association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in the progression of cardiovascular fibrosis was also evaluated in obese‐infarcted rats. The inhibitor of galectin‐3 activity, modified citrus pectin (MCP; 100 mg/kg/day), and the inhibitor of the ER stress activation, 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA; 500 mg/kg/day), were administered for 4 weeks after MI in obese rats. Overweight‐obese patients who suffered a first MI showed higher circulating galectin‐3 levels, higher extracellular volume, and LV infarcted size, as well as lower E/e'ratio and LVEF compared with normal‐weight patients. A correlation was observed between galectin‐3 levels and extracellular volume. Obese‐infarcted animals presented cardiac hypertrophy and reduction in LVEF, and E/A ratio as compared with control animals. They also showed an increase in galectin‐3 gene expression, as well as cardiac fibrosis and reduced autophagic flux. These alterations were associated with ER stress activation characterized by enhanced cardiac levels of binding immunoglobulin protein, which were correlated with those of galectin‐3. Both MCP and 4‐PBA not only reduced cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, galectin‐3 levels, and ER stress activation, but also prevented cardiac functional alterations and ameliorated autophagic flux. These results show the relevant role of galectin‐3 in the development of diffuse fibrosis associated with MI in the context of obesity in both the animal model and patients. Galectin‐3 in tandem with ER stress activation could modulate different downstream mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Derived Differences in Pregnancies With and Without Adverse Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Durnwald Celeste , Beck Roy W. , Li Zoey , Norton Elizabeth , Bergenstal Richard , Johnson Mary , Dunnigan Sean , Banfield Matthew , Krumwiede Katie , Sibayan Judy , Calhoun Peter , Carlson Anders L.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)–derived glycemic patterns observed throughout pregnancy were associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, specifically fetal growth disorders and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective observational study of individuals with viable singleton pregnancies and screening hemoglobin A1c levels less than 6.5%. Those with preexisting diabetes were excluded. Enrollment occurred at the earliest gestational age before 17 weeks. Participants wore blinded continuous glucose monitors consecutively as willing until delivery. Those with at least 14 days of CGM data were included in analysis. Rates of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates, small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates, and HDP were assessed. Continuous glucose monitoring–derived glycemic metrics were calculated, including mean glucose level and percent time above and below thresholds. Two-sample t tests were used to compare glycemic metrics between participants with and without adverse perinatal outcomes.

RESULTS:

Of 937 participants enrolled, 760 met inclusion criteria. Those delivering LGA neonates or who were diagnosed with HDP had higher mean glucose levels (102±9 vs 100±8, P=.01 and 103±8 vs 99±8, P<.001) and spent more time above 120 mg/dL (median 16% vs 12%, P=.006, and 16% vs 12%, P<.001, respectively) and above 140 mg/dL (median 3.9% vs 2.8%, P=.006, and 3.5% vs 2.8%, P<.001, respectively) throughout gestation than those without these outcomes. These findings were present regardless of gestational diabetes mellitus status. Participants with SGA neonates had lower mean glucose levels (97±7 vs 101±8, P=.01) and spent less time above 140 mg/dL (median 1.6% vs 2.3%, P=.01) and more time below 63 mg/dL (median 3.0% vs 2.3%, P=.02) than those without SGA neonates.

CONCLUSION:

Individuals with LGA neonates or HDP exhibit a slightly higher mean glucose levels and spend more time hyperglycemic in early pregnancy than those who do not experience these outcomes.
In vivo Assessment of AMP2, a Novel Ceramic-Binding BMP-2, in Ovine Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Christou Chris , Varcoe Tamara , Williams Georgia , Heil Todd , Leifeld Sarah , Park Hyeon , Peckham Steve , Stewart David , Greenbaum John , Wang Tian , Pelletier Matthew , Walsh William , Alvarez Luis
Published: July 2024

Study Design.

Assessment of bone formation in an ovine interbody fusion study.

Objective.

To compare OsteoAdapt SP, which consists of AMP-2, a modified variant of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) bound to a tricalcium phosphate-containing carrier, to autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) in a lumbar interbody fusion model.

Summary of Background Data.

Treatment of lumbar disk degeneration often involves spinal fusion to reduce pain and motion at the affected spinal segment by insertion of a cage containing bone graft material. Three graft materials were compared in this study—ICBG and OsteoAdapt SP (low or high dose).

Methods.

The sheep underwent lateral lumbar fusion surgery with PEEK or Titanium interbody cages packed with OsteoAdapt SP (low or high dose) or ICBG. Outcomes were evaluated at 8-, 16- and 26- weeks. Newly formed bone quality, bone mineralization, and fusion were assessed by manual palpation, qualitative and semi-quantitative histopathology, histomorphometry, computed tomography (CT), and micro-CT (mCT) analysis.

Results.

OsteoAdapt SP was implanted into 43 animals and ICBG into 21 animals (L3-L4). No group showed evidence of systemic toxicity by multiple assessments. All levels were fused by manual palpation at 26 weeks. Serial CT scans showed increasing fusion scores over time. Both doses of OsteoAdapt SP resulted in robust new bone formation and progression of fusion in the interbody cage. Range of motion tests for treatment groups was lower compared with ICBG at 8- and 16 weeks. Similarly, histology at eight weeks demonstrated more robust new bone formation for both OsteoAdapt SP groups compared to autograft.

Conclusion.

We have demonstrated the preclinical safety and efficacy of OsteoAdapt SP in a clinically relevant large animal model, supporting faster and more robust new bone formation within the interbody cage, comparable to or better than the gold standard, ICBG, in all measures.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Exhibit Lower Risks of Mortality and Bleeding Compared to Vitamin K Antagonists in Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goyal Aman , Maheshwari Surabhi , Fatima Laveeza , Javed Binish , Rathore Sawai Singh , Mahalwar Gauranga
Published: July 2024

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing chronic hemodialysis, comparing the effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists. A systematic search was conducted across various databases including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. Efficacy outcomes focused on the risk of stroke and mortality, whereas safety outcomes assessed the risk of bleeding. Review Manager generated forest plots for data synthesis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05, and random-effects models were used. Subgroup analysis identified the sources of heterogeneity. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis. The risk of all-cause stroke [risk ratio (RR): 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.81; P = 0.0001; I
2 = 0%], ischemic stroke (RR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29–0.96; P = 0.04; I
2 = 0%), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60–0.88; P = 0.001; I
2 = 71%), major bleeding (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52–0.76; P < 0.00001; I
2 = 44%), gastrointestinal bleeding (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.53-0.85; P = 0.0009; I
2 = 36%), intracranial hemorrhage (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38–0.84; P = 0.004; I
2 = 0%) were lower in the DOAC group compared with the vitamin K antagonist group. The risk of cardiovascular-related death (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.69–2.60; P = 0.39; I
2 = 0%), clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.75–1.08; P = 0.26; I
2 = 28%), and hemorrhagic stroke (RR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.06–2.24; P = 0.28; I
2 = 10%) showed no significant differences. In conclusion, the risks of all-cause stroke, ischemic stroke, all-cause mortality, major bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing chronic hemodialysis were lower in the DOAC group.
Experts' Views on Children's Access to Community-Based Therapeutic and Education Services After Genomic Sequencing Results
Authors: Outram Simon M. , Brown Julia E. H. , Norstad Matthew , Zamora Astrid N. , Ackerman Sara L.
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To evaluate how community-based experts respond to families seeking therapeutic and educational support services after pediatric genomic sequencing for rare conditions.

Methods:

We interviewed 15 experts in the provision of community-based services for children with intellectual differences, developmental differences, or both, as part of a large study examining the utility of exome sequencing.

Results:

Interviewees highlighted the complexity of the overall referral and assessment system for therapeutic or educational needs, that genetic diagnoses are secondary to behavioral observations in respect to eligibility for the provision of services, and that social capital drives service acquisition. Although emphasizing that genetic results do not currently provide sufficient information for determining service eligibility, interviewees also highlighted their hopes that genetics would be increasingly relevant in the future.

Conclusion:

Genomic results do not usually provide information that directly impacts service provision. However, a positive genomic test result can strengthen evidence for behavioral diagnoses and the future trajectory of a child's condition and support needs. Interviewees' comments suggest a need to combine emerging genetic knowledge with existing forms of therapeutic and educational needs assessment, and for additional supports for families struggling to navigate social and therapeutic services.
The contribution of cumulative blood pressure load to dementia, cognitive function and mortality in older adults
Authors: Xu Xiaoyue , Catts Vibeke S. , Harris Katie , Wang Nelson , Numbers Katya , Trollor Julian , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder S. , Schutte Aletta E.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Few studies evaluated the contribution of long-term elevated blood pressure (BP) towards dementia and deaths. We examined the association between cumulative BP (cBP) load and dementia, cognitive decline, all-cause and cardiovascular deaths in older Australians. We also explored whether seated versus standing BP were associated with these outcomes.

Methods:

The Sydney Memory and Aging Study included 1037 community-dwelling individuals aged 70–90 years, recruited from Sydney, Australia. Baseline data was collected in 2005–2007 and the cohort was followed for seven waves until 2021. cSBP load was calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) for SBP ≥140 mmHg divided by the AUC for all SBP values. Cumulative diastolic BP (cDBP) and pulse pressure (cPP) load were calculated using thresholds of 90 mmHg and 60 mmHg. Cox and mixed linear models were used to assess associations.

Results:

Of 527 participants with both seated and standing BP data (47.7% men, median age 77), 152 (28.8%) developed dementia over a mean follow-up of 10.5 years. Higher cPP load was associated with a higher risk of all-cause deaths, and cSBP load was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular deaths in multivariate models (P for trend < 0.05). Associations between cPP load, dementia and cognitive decline lost statistical significance after adjustment for age. Differences between sitting and standing BP load were not associated with the outcomes.

Conclusion:

Long-term cPP load was associated with a higher risk of all-cause deaths and cSBP load associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular deaths in older Australians.
Psychiatric Hospitals and the Ethics of Salutogenic Design: The Return of Moral Architecture?
Authors: Crnic Meghan , Bi Stephanie , Candilis Philip J. , Sisti Dominic
Published: July 2024

Bioethicists have long been concerned with the mistreatment of institutionalized patients, including those suffering from mental illness. Despite this attention, the built environments of health care settings have largely escaped bioethical analysis. This is a striking oversight given that architects and social scientists agree that buildings reflect and reinforce prevailing social, cultural, and medical attitudes. Architectural choices are therefore ethical choices. We argue that mental health institutions are fertile sites for ethical analysis. Examining the ethics of architecture calls attention to the potential for hospitals to hinder autonomy. Additionally, such examination highlights the salutogenic possibilities of institutional design, that is to care, nurture, and enhance patient and provider well-being.
Do sex and handedness influence general cognition and financial capacity in patients with aMCI and healthy older adults? Emphasis on women's performance
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa , Milienos Fotios S.
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

The effects of sex and handedness on financial capacity performance remain unexplored both in healthy older adults and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods:

The aim of this study was to study the effect of the above factors (sex, handedness, and health condition), following a factorial experimental design; hence, eight groups (each with ten individuals) with similar demographic characteristics (age and education level) were formed consisting of right/left-handed, women/men and healthy/not healthy (with a diagnosis of aMCI) older adults. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered as a measure of general cognitive ability, and Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS) was used as an indicator of financial capacity; moreover, GDS-15 was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Self-reports of hand preference were also included.

Results:

Although as expected healthy men and women regardless of their handedness outperformed aMCI patients on MMSE and LCPLTAS, performance on cash transactions, bank statement management, bill payment, financial decision making, and knowledge of personal assets from LCPLTAS is significantly higher for right-handed aMCI women compared with left-handed aMCI women.

Conclusions:

Future research should further elucidate the reasons for this left-handed female patient with aMCI profile in larger groups of patients. This is an exploratory study, and the small sample size limits the strength of conclusions; further studies on this topic are needed.
Impact of 30% supramolecular salicylic acid combined with ultra-pulse carbon dioxide fractional laser therapy on facial atrophic acne scars
Authors: Liu Xiu-Feng , Yu Man-Chang
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To assess the impact of 30% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) combined with ultra-pulse carbon dioxide (CO2) fractional laser therapy on facial atrophic acne scars.

Methods:

This retrospective study included patients with atrophic acne scars treated from June 2020 to June 2022. The patients were divided into the combination group (SSA combined with ultra-pulse CO2 fractional laser therapy) and the laser group (ultra-pulse CO2 fractional laser therapy alone). Four treatment sessions were conducted for each group. Follow-up visits were performed every 2 months after each treatment and included assessments of the Échelle d'Évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné (ECCA) score, effective rate, and visual analogue scale score.

Results:

The combination and laser groups comprised 72 and 61 patients, respectively. There were no significant differences in sex, age, or baseline ECCA score between the two groups. The effective rate (95.8% vs. 67.2%, P < 0.001) was higher and the pain scores (during and after the intervention) were lower in the combination group than in the laser group (P < 0.001). The severity of erythema, edema, and crusting was milder in the combination group (P < 0.001). The proportion of highly satisfied patients was higher (73.6% vs. 31.2%, P < 0.001) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index showed greater improvement (0.15 ± 0.40 vs. 1.39 ± 1.53, P < 0.001) in the combination group than in the laser group.

Conclusion:

The combination of ultra-pulse CO2 fractional laser therapy and 30% supramolecular SSA had improved efficacy in treating facial atrophic acne scars without increasing pain or inducing adverse reactions.
Core decompression combined with bone marrow mononuclear cells in the treatment of femoral head necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Ying , Tang Peiyuan , Chai Hua , Ma Wenbo , Cao Yangbin , Tan Han , Lin Bin , Xiao Wenfeng , Wen Ting , Li Yusheng
Published: July 2024

Background:

The effectiveness of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) combined with core decompression (CD) in the treatment of femoral head necrosis is controversial. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review of the evaluation of BMMCss combined with CD in the treatment of femoral head necrosis and to compare the therapeutic effect of this method with that of CD alone so as to provide a basis for subsequent research and clinical treatment.

Methods:

We conducted detailed searches across four databases in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (up to October 2023), including eight studies with a total of 370 participants and 491 hip cases. This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Project (PRISMA) guidelines. Review Manager 5.4 was used to summarize and analyze the outcome indicators and the quality and reliability of the MAs were graded against a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2).

Results:

Eight studies were included in the inclusion criteria. The results of meta-analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of CD combined with BMMC on visual analog scale was better than that of CD alone [mean difference (MD)=−5.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): −9.90, −0.74, P=0.02, I
2=98%], and there was no statistically significant difference between CD combined with BMMC and CD alone in the treatment of Harris hip score (MD=2.73, 95% CI: −2.63, 8.09, P=0.32, I
2=82%). We conducted a sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the CD joint BMMC treatment effect on the Harris hip score is superior to the single CD (MD=5.57, 95% CI: 1.94, 9.20, P=0.003, I
2=0%), both no significant differences in visual analog scale (MD=0.47, 95% CI: −1.74, 0.79, P=0.46, I
2=83%).

Conclusion:

In this study, we found that CD combined with bone marrow monocyte therapy improved femoral head necrosis better than CD alone.
A bibliometric and visualization analysis of global research status and frontiers on autophagy in cardiomyopathies from 2004 to 2023
Authors: Zeng Xianghui , Shu Bin , Zeng Qingfeng , Wang Xianggui , Li Kening , Wu Jincheng , Luo Jianping
Published: July 2024

Background:

Autophagy is intimately associated with the development of cardiomyopathy and has received widespread attention in recent years. However, no relevant bibliometric analysis is reported at present. In order to summarize the research status of autophagy in cardiomyopathy and provide direction for future research, we conducted a comprehensive, detailed, and multidimensional bibliometric analysis of the literature published in this field from 2004 to 2023.

Methods:

All literatures related to autophagy in cardiomyopathy from 2004 to 2023 was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection, and annual papers, global publication trends, and proportion charts were analyzed and plotted using GraphPad price v8.0.2. In addition, CtieSpace [6.2.4R (64-bit) Advanced Edition] and VOSviewer (1.6.18 Edition) were used to analyze and visualize these data.

Results:

Two thousand two hundred seventy-nine papers about autophagy in cardiomyopathy were accessed in the Web of Science Core Collection over the last 20 years, comprising literatures from 70 countries and regions, 2208 institutions, and 10 810 authors. China contributes 56.32% of the total publications, substantially surpassing other countries, while the United States is ranked first in frequency of citations. Among the top 10 authors, six are from China, and four are from the United States. Air Force Military Medical University was the institution with the highest number of publications, while the Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (62 articles, 2.71% of the total) was the journal with the highest number of papers published in the field. Clustering of co-cited references and temporal clustering analysis showed that ferroptosis, hydrogen sulfide mitophagy, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and SIRT1 are hot topics and trends in the field. The principal keywords are oxidative stress, heart, and heart failure.

Conclusion:

The research on autophagy in cardiomyopathy is in the developmental stage. This represents the first bibliometric analysis of autophagy in cardiomyopathy, revealing the current research hotspots and future research directions in this field.
Routine end-ischemic hypothermic machine perfusion in liver transplantation from donors after brain death: results of 2-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Morawski Marcin , Zhylko Andriy , Rykowski Paweł , Krasnodębski Maciej , Hołówko Wacław , Lewandowski Zbigniew , Mielczarek-Puta Magdalena , Struga Marta , Szczepankiewicz Benedykt , Górnicka Barbara , Krawczyk Marek , Grąt Michał
Published: July 2024

Background:

Data on routine hypothermic machine perfusion of livers procured from donors after brain death (DBD) are scarce, and the benefits of the method have only been demonstrated in extended criteria grafts. This study aimed to assess if end-ischemic dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (dHOPE) is superior to static cold storage (SCS) in preservation of livers procured from DBD donors with respect to long-term outcomes. Existing data on short-term outcomes favours dHOPE in patients receiving high-risk grafts.

Methods:

This prospective randomized controlled trial included 104 recipients of DBD livers randomly assigned to SCS arm (78 patients) and the dHOPE arm (26 patients). Endpoints of interest were the occurrence of biliary complications (biliary fistula, anastomotic, and nonanastomotic strictures) and overall patient and graft survival (GS) during the 2-year follow-up.

Results:

A total of 36 patients developed biliary complications (at least one event) – six events in dHOPE arm and 30 in SCS arm. There was no significant difference in biliary complications between groups (23.7 vs. 43.4%, P=0.11). No differences were found significant with respect to anastomotic (19.9 vs. 33.7%, P=0.20) and nonanastomotic strictures (0 vs. 11.1%, P=0.10) as well as biliary fistulas (11.7 vs. 12.2%, P=0.93). Survival analysis did not show significantly different results in the study population – overall survival: 92.3% in dHOPE and 83.9% in SCS (P=0.35), and GS: 92.3 and 81.4% (P=0.23), respectively. However, a significant difference in GS was noted in recipients of high-risk grafts – 100% in dHOPE and 73.1% in SCS, respectively (P=0.038).

Conclusions:

The long-term outcome data suggest that the routine use of dHOPE may be beneficial for recipients of high-risk grafts from DBD donors. The present study does not provide any evidence for the benefits of dHOPE in low-risk grafts.
Salvage surgery and conversion surgery for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Yan Hao-Ji , Zheng Xiang-Yun , Zeng Ya-Ting , Wan Jia-Xin , Chen Jing , Deng Zhi-Qiang , Mao Yu-Yang , Hu Wen-Long , Zhang Jun-Jie , Zhong Ai-Ling , Zhao Chun-Yan , Mao Wen-Jun , Tian Dong
Published: July 2024

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. With the development of screening, patient selection, and treatment strategies, patients’ survival outcomes and living quality significantly improved. However, some patients still have local recurrence or residual tumors after receiving definitive therapies. Salvage surgery has been regarded as an effective option for recurrent or residual NSCLC, but its effectiveness remains undetermined. Furthermore, conversion surgery is a special type of salvage surgery for tumors converted from ‘initially unresectable’ to ‘potentially resectable’ status due to a favorable response to systemic treatments. Although conversion surgery is a promising curative procedure for advanced NSCLC, its concept and clinical value remain unfamiliar to clinicians. In this narrative review, we provided an overview of the safety and efficacy of salvage surgery, especially salvage surgery after sublobar resection in early-stage NSCLC. More importantly, we highlighted the concept and value of conversion surgery after systemic treatment in advanced NSCLC to gain some insights into its role in the treatment of lung cancer.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) methylation predicts risk of vascular disease: A cohort study of the general population
Authors: Skov-Jeppesen Sune M. , Kobylecki Camilla J. , Jacobsen Katja K. , Bojesen Stig E.
Published: July 2024

Aims:

Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but there is currently no clinically established biomarker for its cardiovascular damage. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) methylation at CpG site cg05575921, a biomarker of smoking behavior, is associated with the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and aortic aneurysm (AA) in the general population.

Methods and results:

In this prospective cohort study of the general population, we measured AHRR methylation in individuals from three visits to the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Information on risk factors was collected at visits with 10 years intervals; visit 1 (1991–1994), visit 2 (2001–2003), and visit 3 (2011–2015). Individuals were followed up in the Danish National Patient Register for PAD and AA until December 2018. Subhazard ratios were calculated using Fine and Gray competing risk regression. In 11 332 individuals from visit 1 (n=9234), visit 2 (n=5384), and visit 3 (n=4387), there were 613 and 219 events of PAD and AA during up to 26.5 years of follow-up. AHRR hypomethylation was associated with a higher risk of PAD and AA with multivariable-adjusted subhazard ratios of 2.82 (1.91; 4.15) for PAD and 2.88 (1.42; 5.88) for AA in individuals within the lowest versus highest methylation quintile.

Conclusions:

We found that AHRR methylation, a strong biomarker for smoking, was associated with the risk of PAD and AA. AHRR methylation could be a useful tool in more personalized risk prediction of PAD and AA.
Just-in-Time Video Using QR Codes: An Approach to Pediatric Trauma Nursing Education
Authors: Mudry Nicholas Fraser , Roney Linda Nancy
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

High acuity trauma and patients in cardiopulmonary arrest are not frequently seen in all pediatric Level I trauma centers. Yet, nurses are required to manage these patients in fast-paced, high-pressure environments.

OBJECTIVE:

This project aims to develop and evaluate an education program for high-risk, low-volume equipment and skills in the pediatric emergency department setting.

METHODS:

This is a pre- and post-quality improvement study conducted in a Northeastern United States pediatric Level I trauma center. Emergency department nurses were invited to view videos detailing high-risk, low-volume equipment use. For the convenience of access, Quick Response (QR) codes linked to the videos were placed on each piece of equipment reviewed. General self-efficacy and levels of self-efficacy in using the equipment were assessed before the intervention and again after 4 weeks from January to February 2023.

RESULTS:

A total of 43 pediatric emergency nurses participated in the education. The mean aggregate general self-efficacy score was 32.93. Mean scores in all areas (Level 1 rapid infuser, fluid warmer, blood administration, and securing an endotracheal tube) improved after the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:

Easily accessible, brief refresher videos linked to QR codes in the pediatric emergency department can help empower nurses who need to use high-risk, low-volume equipment.
Trends in Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection
Authors: Boehmer Ulrike , LeClair Amy M. , Jesdale Bill M.
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine response patterns to sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) over time and to assess nonresponse and indeterminate responses by demographic characteristics.

Methods:

This is a secondary data analysis of the SOGI module of the BRFSS. We used data from 46 states and Guam that implemented SOGI questions between 2014 and 2022. We used weighted analyses that accounted for the sampling design, determined SOGI response patterns by year, and assessed nonresponse and indeterminate responses by demographic characteristics.

Results:

Over time, increasing numbers self-reported as sexual and gender minority respondents, while heterosexual identity declined. Sexual orientation nonresponse and indeterminate responses increased with time, while respondents’ reports of not knowing gender identity declined. Hispanic, older, respondents, those with lower education, and those who completed the questionnaire in Spanish had higher SOGI nonresponse and indeterminate responses.

Conclusions:

The low amount of SOGI nonresponse and indeterminate responses in the BRFSS can be instructive for the implementation of SOGI questions in medical settings. SOGI data collection in all settings requires improving procedures for the groups that have been shown to have elevated nonresponse and indeterminate response.
Burden of aortic aneurysm in Iran from 1990 to 2019: an analysis based on global burden of disease study
Authors: Mellat-Ardakani Milad , Atighi Kaveh , Rahmani Shahryar , Simiyari Saba , Salahshour Faeze
Published: July 2024

Background:

Limited studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of aortic aneurysms in Iran. In this study, the authors aimed to comprehensively evaluate the burden and epidemiology of aortic aneurysms across various age groups, sexes, and provinces in Iran from 1990 to 2019.

Materials and methods:

The authors used global burden of disease (GBD) study data in the current study. The authors retrieved data on the burden of aortic aneurysms across sexes and age groups at national and subnational levels from 1990 to 2019. The authors extracted mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), numbers, rates, and age-standardized rates. Additionally, the authors extracted the burden of AA attributable to its risk factors, such as lead exposure, high systolic blood pressure, high dietary intake of sodium, and smoking.

Results:

National ASDR (age-standardized DALY rate) was also observed to be reduced from 1990 [22.20 (17.46–26.86)] to 2019 [19.97 (17.98–21.98)]. However, the inclinations were evaluated to be slighter than the world (%change ASDR=−19.5%). In 2019, three leading risk factors yielding death in AA patients were smoking [ASMR attributable=0.73 (0.67–0.80)], high sodium intake [ASMR attributable=0.11 (0.03–0.27)], and lead exposure [ASMR attributable=0.04 (0.02–0.07)].

Conclusion:

Mortality and DALYs due to AA both decreased slightly during the last three decades. Considering the role of smoking in the burden of AA in Iran, interventions targeting smoking cessation among high-risk groups, such as males, may be helpful to reduce the burden of AA in Iran in the coming years.
Treatment of Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy Using a Double Balloon System
Authors: Hedge Jaclynne , Kelly Jeannie , Veade Ashley , Dickison Shelby
Published: July 2024

Cesarean scar pregnancies are increasing in incidence, with ill-defined management options. We applied a newly published cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy clinical classification system to our previously published, now expanded, case series of cervical double-balloon catheter management to inform this option as a potential surgical treatment strategy. We found that cervical double-balloon catheter management of cesarean scar pregnancies is an efficacious and safe option when utilizing the newly published clinical classification system. Of our 34 recorded cases, only 5.9% (2/34) of patients required additional procedures after initial cervical double-balloon catheter. Cervical double-balloon catheter should be considered as potential management in future classification systems.
Effect of early versus late onset of partial visual loss on judgments of auditory distance
Authors: Pardhan Shahina , Raman Rajiv , Moore Brian C. J. , Cirstea Silvia , Velu Saranya , Kolarik Andrew J.
Published: July 2024

SIGNIFICANCE

It is important to know whether early-onset vision loss and late-onset vision loss are associated with differences in the estimation of distances of sound sources within the environment. People with vision loss rely heavily on auditory cues for path planning, safe navigation, avoiding collisions, and activities of daily living.

PURPOSE

Loss of vision can lead to substantial changes in auditory abilities. It is unclear whether differences in sound distance estimation exist in people with early-onset partial vision loss, late-onset partial vision loss, and normal vision. We investigated distance estimates for a range of sound sources and auditory environments in groups of participants with early- or late-onset partial visual loss and sighted controls.

METHODS

Fifty-two participants heard static sounds with virtual distances ranging from 1.2 to 13.8 m within a simulated room. The room simulated either anechoic (no echoes) or reverberant environments. Stimuli were speech, music, or noise. Single sounds were presented, and participants reported the estimated distance of the sound source. Each participant took part in 480 trials.

RESULTS

Analysis of variance showed significant main effects of visual status (p<0.05) environment (reverberant vs. anechoic, p<0.05) and also of the stimulus (p<0.05). Significant differences (p<0.05) were shown in the estimation of distances of sound sources between early-onset visually impaired participants and sighted controls for closer distances for all conditions except the anechoic speech condition and at middle distances for all conditions except the reverberant speech and music conditions. Late-onset visually impaired participants and sighted controls showed similar performance (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that early-onset partial vision loss results in significant changes in judged auditory distance in different environments, especially for close and middle distances. Late-onset partial visual loss has less of an impact on the ability to estimate the distance of sound sources. The findings are consistent with a theoretical framework, the perceptual restructuring hypothesis, which was recently proposed to account for the effects of vision loss on audition.
Achieving Clinical Success in Nonsedated Velopharyngeal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Optimizing Data Quality and Patient Selection
Authors: Mason Kazlin N. , Gampper Thomas , Black Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Background:

The ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the velopharyngeal (VP) musculature in vivo makes it the only imaging modality available for this purpose. This underscores a need for exploration into clinical translation of this imaging modality for craniofacial teams. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of a clinically feasible VP MRI protocol and describe the ideal patient population for use of this imaging protocol.

Methods:

Sixty children (2 to 12 years of age) with VP insufficiency underwent a nonsedated, child-friendly MRI protocol. No exclusions based on syndromic conditions were made. Logistic regression assessed predictors of VP MRI success and multinomial logistic regression evaluated factors influencing quality of anatomic data.

Results:

An 85% overall success rate was achieved, including children as young as 2 years and those with syndromic diagnoses. Stratifying by age revealed a 97.5% success rate in children ages 4 and up. The regression model (χ2[5] = 37.443; P < 0.001) explained 81.4% of success rate variance, correctly classifying 93.3% of cases. Increased age significantly predicted success (P = 0.046); sex and syndromic conditions did not. Multinomial regression identified preparatory materials (P = 0.011) and audio/video during the scan (P = 0.024) as predictors for improved image quality.

Conclusions:

Implementation of VP MRI is feasible for a broad population of children with VP insufficiency, including those with concomitant syndromic diagnoses. Quality is improved by incorporating prescan preparation and audiovisual stimuli during scans. This underscores the potential of VP MRI as a valuable tool in clinical settings, especially for presurgical assessments.
Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in a population-based cohort of people with HIV and a matched cohort of people without HIV during Omicron variant waves
Authors: Chambers Catharine , Cooper Curtis L. , Kroch Abigail E. , Buchan Sarah A. , Kendall Claire E. , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Moideddin Rahim , Nguyen Lena , Arbess Gordon , Benoit Anita C. , Costiniuk Cecilia T. , Habanyama Muluba , Janjua Naveed Z. , Langlois Marc-André , McCullagh John , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Moqueet Nasheed , Nambiar Devan , Rueda Sergio , Samji Hasina , Tran Vanessa , Walmsley Sharon , Anis Aslam , Burchell Ann N.
Published: July 2024

We found that rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR-confirmed infection were approximately 50% higher in a population-based cohort of people with HIV compared with a matched cohort of people without HIV during the Omicron era (2 January 2022 to 31 March 2023) in Ontario, Canada, after controlling for age, sex, residential census tract, and country of birth. Rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization and/or death were more than double. Differences persisted independent of vaccination, healthcare access, and COVID-19 diagnosis.
Modified Dautrey’s Procedure for Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation
Authors: An Wei , Chen Jiayi , An Jingang
Published: July 2024

This study introduced and analyzed the clinical effects of a modified Dautrey’s procedure, involving down-fracture of the zygomatic arch and articular tubercle augmentation, for the treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation. Recurrent TMJ dislocation patients were treated using the modified Dautrey’s procedure. The recurrence of joint dislocation, maximal mouth opening (MMO), and pain were evaluated postoperatively. A total of 7 patients were treated using the modified procedure, with no instances of facial nerve injury. No recurrences occurred during the follow-up period of 0.5 to 5 years. The average MMO was 35.4 mm and 35.7 mm before the operation and during follow-up, respectively. The modified Dautrey’s procedure was effective and particularly suitable for elderly patients with abnormal muscle control, resulting in low recurrence.
Role of Trace Cadmium Exposure on the Development of Occlusal Traumatic Temporomandibular Arthritis
Authors: Wu Ming-Feng , Zhou Wen-Cheng , Lin Jin-Sheng , Shen Shan
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To investigate whether heavy metal cadmium acts as a risk factor for temporomandibular joint disorder disease and to study its pathogenic mechanism.

Methods:

A total of 57 rats were allocated into 6 distinct groups, distinguished by 2 interventions: occlusal elevation and cadmium water gavage. These groups included a blank control group, occlusal elevation group, occlusal elevation + 0.42 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group, occlusal elevation + 4.2 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group, no occlusal elevation + 0.42 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group, and no occlusal elevation + 4.2 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group. The impact of cadmium exposure on cartilage oxidative stress was evaluated through the assessment of SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH-Px enzyme activities. In addition, the influence of cadmium exposure on alterations in the extracellular matrix and inflammatory mediators was examined by analyzing the expression levels of type II collagen, protein aggregation polysaccharide, glycosaminoglycan, IL1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Histologic examination of the condylar process cartilage of rats in the occlusal elevation + cadmium water gavage group was conducted to ascertain the occurrence of osteoarthritis.

Results:

The variance in the expression levels of inflammatory factors did not demonstrate statistical significance between the occlusal elevation group and the blank control group; however, statistical significance was observed between the occlusal elevation + cadmium water gavage group and both the control and occlusal elevation groups.

Conclusion:

The severity of inflammation and condylar lesions correlates directly with the concentration of cadmium.