bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proton conductivity of Li+–H+ exchanged Li7La3Zr2O12 dense membranes prepared by molten long-chain saturated fatty acids
Authors: Ishii Akihiro , Kume Daisuke , Nakayasu Shoki , Oikawa Itaru , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Kato Hisashi , Takamura Hitoshi
Published: January 2024

Alkali-proton exchange throughout ceramic dense bodies becomes possible using molten long-chain saturated fatty acids. As a case study, 91% Li+–H+ exchange of Al-doped cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 dense membranes was demonstrated in this work.
Asymmetric synthesis of (R)-baclofen and (3S,4S)-tetflupyrolimet via “on water” organocatalytic addition reactions: a tip on catalyst screening
Authors: Wang Bingfu , Liu Jian , Li Tianxing , Jin Hui , Zhang Lixin
Published: January 2024

This work demonstrates asymmetric synthesis of the GABA derivative (R)-baclofen and a new herbicidal mode-of-action inhibitor (3S,4S)-tetflupyrolimet featuring low loading (0.5 mol%) organocatalytic addition reactions of dithiomalonates to nitrostyrenes under “on water” conditions.
Exploring HCl–HCl interactions: QZVPP calculations, improved Lennard-Jones potential, and second virial coefficient analysis for thermodynamics and industrial applications
Authors: Gill Waqas Amber , Aziz Muhammad Tariq , Darwish Hany W. , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf
Published: January 2024

More than 1800 conformations of HCl–HCl were generated through QZVPP calculations to obtain interaction energies for thermodynamics and industrial applications.
A floating photocatalytic fabric integrated with a AgI/UiO-66-NH2 heterojunction as a facile strategy for wastewater treatment
Authors: Yoo Jaeseon , Lee Jinwook , Kim Jooyoun
Published: January 2024

With an increased need of wastewater treatment, application of photocatalysts has drawn growing research attention as an advanced water remediation strategy.
Defect-influenced particle advection in highly confined liquid crystal flows
Authors: Lesniewska Magdalena , Mottram Nigel , Henrich Oliver
Published: January 2024

The defect and director structure around a highly confined colloidal particle in a flowing nematic host phase leads to markedly different advection behaviour compared to that observed in a simple Newtonian fluid.
Magnetic and thermal acceleration in extragalactic jets
Authors: Ricci L. , Perucho M. , López-Miralles J. , Martí J. M. , Boccardi B.
Published: January 2024

Aims. Relativistic jets launched from active galactic nuclei accelerate up to highly relativistic velocities within a length scale of between a few parsecs and tens of parsecs. The precise way in which this process takes place is still unclear. While magnetic acceleration is known to be able to accelerate relativistic outflows, little attention has been paid to the role of thermal acceleration. The latter has been assumed to act only on compact regions very close to the central engine, and to become negligible on parsec scales. However, this holds under the assumption of small internal energies relative to the magnetic ones, and whether or not this assumption is valid and what happens when we drop this assumption are open questions.

Methods. We used a 2D relativistic magnetohydrodynamical code to explore jet acceleration from subparsec to parsec scales. As initial conditions for our models, we used observational constraints on jet properties derived by means of very long-baseline interferometry observations for a Fanaroff Riley I radio galaxy, NGC 315. We investigated the parameter space established for this source and performed a number of simulations of magnetically, thermally, or kinetically dominated jets at injection, and compared our results with the observations. Furthermore, we employed different models to characterize our jets, involving different magnetic field configurations (i.e., force-free vs. nonforce-free) and varying shear layer thicknesses.

Results. Our simulated jets show that when thermal energy is comparable to or exceeds magnetic energy, thermal acceleration becomes significant at parsec scales. This result has important consequences, potentially extending the acceleration region far beyond the collimation scales, as thermal acceleration can effectively operate within a conically expanding jet. In all the models, we find acceleration to be driven by expansion, as expected. A number of our models allow us to reproduce the acceleration and opening angles observed in NGC 315. Finally, our results indicate that disk-launched winds might play an important role in jet propagation. Namely, when the jet has an initial force-free magnetic field configuration, thicker shear layers are needed to shield the internal spine from the action of the external medium and thus delay the growth of instabilities.
Parker Solar Probe observations of collisional effects on thermalizing the young solar wind
Authors: Mostafavi P. , Allen R. C. , Jagarlamudi V. K. , Bourouaine S. , Badman S. T. , Ho G. C. , Raouafi N. E. , Hill M. E. , Verniero J. L. , Larson D. E. , Kasper J. C. , Bale S. D.
Published: January 2024

Solar wind ions exhibit distinct kinetic non-thermal features such as preferential heating and acceleration of alpha particles compared to protons. On the other hand, Coulomb collisions in the solar wind act to eliminate these non-thermal features and gradually lead to thermal equilibrium. Previous observations at 1 au have revealed that even though the local Coulomb collisions in the solar wind plasma are rare, the cumulative effect of the collisions during a transit time of a particle can be important in terms of thermalizing the solar wind plasma populations and reducing the ion non-thermal features. Here, we analyze Parker Solar Probe observations to study the effects of Coulomb collisions on the non-thermal features (alpha-to-proton temperature ratio and differential flow) of young solar wind closer to the Sun than previously possible. Our results show that even close to the Sun (∼15Rs), these non-thermal features are organized by collisionality. Moreover, observations at these unprecedented distances allow us to investigate the preferential heating of the alpha particles close to the source for both fast and slow wind streams. We show that the alpha-to-proton temperature ratio is positively correlated with the solar wind speed, which is consistent with Wind observations. Solar wind close to the Sun is less collisionally old than when it reaches 1 au. As such, observed differences in the temperature ratio between slow and fast streams near their solar source suggest causes that go beyond different Coulomb numbers. Our results suggest that slow and fast wind streams, originating from different solar regions, may have different mechanisms for the preferential heating of alpha particles compared to protons.
LeHaMoC: A versatile time-dependent lepto-hadronic modeling code for high-energy astrophysical sources
Authors: Stathopoulos S. I. , Petropoulou M. , Vasilopoulos G. , Mastichiadis A.
Published: January 2024

Context. Recent associations of high-energy neutrinos with active galactic nuclei (AGN) have revived the interest in leptohadronic models of radiation from astrophysical sources. The rapid increase in the amount of acquired multi-messenger data will require fast numerical models that may be applied to large source samples.

Aims. We develop a time-dependent leptohadronic code,LeHaMoC, that offers several notable benefits compared to other existing codes, such as versatility and speed.

Methods.LeHaMoCsolves the Fokker-Planck equations of photons and relativistic particles (i.e. electrons, positrons, protons, and neutrinos) produced in a homogeneous magnetized source that may also be expanding. The code utilizes a fully implicit difference scheme that allows fast computation of steady-state and dynamically evolving physical problems.

Results. We first present test cases where we compare the numerical results obtained withLeHaMoCagainst exact analytical solutions and numerical results computed with ATHEvA, a well-tested code of similar philosophy but a different numerical implementation. We find a good agreement (within 10–30%) with the numerical results obtained with ATHEvA without evidence of systematic differences. We then demonstrate the capabilities of the code through illustrative examples. First, we fit the spectral energy distribution from a jetted AGN in the context of a synchrotron-self Compton model and a proton-synchrotron model using Bayesian inference. Second, we compute the high-energy neutrino signal and the electromagnetic cascade induced by hadronic interactions in the corona of NGC 1068.

Conclusions.LeHaMoCis easily customized to model a variety of high-energy astrophysical sources and has the potential to become a widely utilized tool in multi-messenger astrophysics.
The galactic bubbles of starburst galaxies
Authors: Meliani Z. , Cristofari P. , Rodríguez-González A. , Fichet de Clairfontaine G. , Proust E. , Peretti E.
Published: January 2024

Context. The galactic winds of starburst galaxies (SBGs) give rise to remarkable structures on kiloparsec scales. However, the evolution and shape of these giant wind bubbles, as well as the properties of the shocks they develop, are not yet fully understood.

Aims. We aim to understand what shapes the galactic winds of SBGs, with a particular focus on the role of large-scale magnetic fields in the dynamical evolution of galactic wind-inflated bubbles. In addition, we aim to explore where the conditions for efficient particle acceleration are met in these systems.

Methods. We performed magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the AMRVAC code (Adaptive Mesh Refinement Versatile Advection Code) with various configurations of the galactic medium density profile and magnetization.

Results. We observe that the large-scale magnetic field, in which galactic winds expand, can impact the structure and evolution of inflated bubbles. However, the typical structures observed in starburst galaxies, such as M82, cannot be solely explained by the magnetic field structures that have been considered. This highlights the importance of other factors, such as the galactic disk, in shaping the galactic bubble. Furthermore, in all the magnetized cases we investigated, the forward wave resulting from the expanding bubbles only results in compression waves, whereas the wind termination shock features high Mach numbers, making it a promising site for diffusive shock acceleration up to ∼102 PeV. The synthetic X-ray images generated from our models reveal an envelope surrounding the bubbles that extends up to 2 kpc, which could correspond to the polarized emission observed from planar geometry in M82, as well as a large structure inside the bubble corresponding to the shocked galactic wind. Additionally, our findings indicate that, as observed with the SOFIA instrument, a large ordered magnetic field is associated with the free galactic wind, while a more turbulent magnetic field is present in the shocked region.
Accretion-induced flickering variability among symbiotic stars from space photometry with NASA TESS
Authors: Merc J. , Beck P. G. , Mathur S. , García R. A.
Published: January 2024

Context. Symbiotic binaries exhibit a wide range of photometric variability across different timescales. These changes can be attributed to factors such as orbital motion, intrinsic variability of the individual components, or interactions between the two stars. In the range from minutes to hours, a variability induced by accretion processes that is likely to originate from the accretion disks has been detected and subsequently denoted as flickering. This variability could mimic solar-like oscillations exhibited by luminous red giants.

Aims. We aim to investigate whether it is possible to utilize the precise observations of the NASA TESS mission to detect flickering in symbiotic stars, despite the fact that such studies are usually performed at shorter wavelengths than those of TESS observations. Additionally, our goal is to develop a quantitative method for the detection of accretion-induced flickering that does not rely solely on a subjective assessment of the light curves.

Methods. We obtained the light curves of known symbiotic stars and a comprehensive control sample of assumed single red giants from the TESS full-frame images. To ensure consistency, all the data were processed using the same methodology, which involves filtering out the background, systematic, and long-term trends. From the processed light curves and their power spectral densities, we measured the amplitudes of the variability and other relevant parameters.

Results. We introduce a method that enables a differentiation between flickering sources and stars that do not exhibit this type of variability. We detected flickering-like variability in 20 symbiotic stars utilizing TESS data, of which 13 had not previously been identified as flickering sources. Moreover, the TESS observations facilitate the detection of related variations occurring over timescales of a few days, as well as changes in the flickering behavior across multiple sectors.

Conclusions. The flickering is now likely to be detected in a total of 35 known symbiotic stars. While this represents only a small subset of all symbiotic binaries, when focusing solely on accreting-only symbiotic stars where the detection of flickering is presumably more straightforward, the fraction could reach as high as ∼80%. This result suggests that accretion disks may indeed be prevalent in these binaries.
Solar extreme ultraviolet variability as a proxy for nanoflare heating diagnostics
Authors: Ulyanov Artem , Reva Anton , Kirichenko Alexey , Loboda Ivan , Bogachev Sergey
Published: January 2024

Aims. We aim to improve the existing techniques to probe the nanoflare hypothesis for the coronal heating problem. For this purpose, we propose using the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission variability registered with modern space-based imagers.

Methods. We followed a novel model-based approach. As a starting point, we used the EBTEL 0d hydrodynamic model. We integrated the arising system of stochastic differential equations to calculate the covariance matrix for plasma parameters. We then employed a Taylor expansion technique to relate model parameters with observable EUV intensity variation statistics.

Results. We found that in the high-frequency approximation, the variability of the EUV emission is defined by the dimensionless factor ϖ, which is inversely proportional to the frequency. We calculated the factor ϖ throughout the solar disk and found that it does not exceed 0.01, except for the finite number of compact regions. The distribution of ϖ follows the power law with an index of ≈ − 2.6. To validate our approach, we used it to probe the temperature of the coronal plasma. We show that the line-of-sight temperature distribution is close to homogeneous with a mode of ≈1.25 MK, which is in perfect agreement with the results of the spectroscopic diagnostics.
Web Monitoring the Potential of Solar Power Plants Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Abdillah Hartawan , Afandi A.N. , Haris Abdul , Zinul Falah Moh. , Baihaqi Mas Ahmad , Sujito
Published: January 2024

The market for renewable energy is expanding quickly to support power production, where solar energy is widely used and developed in applied technologies significantly. When assessing solar energy potential, one must consider natural energy resources based on the wind speed. As a result, the systems covered by this work feature two monitoring modes: on-site monitoring using a monitoring module and smartphone applications applied to the method, which can download data for Android smartphones or desktop computers. Technically, data monitoring is uploaded to a cloud database regularly through data updates for monitoring devices automatically that obtain and present the most recent information. Research indicates that solar radiation directly impacts electrical voltage, as it is precisely proportionate to the intensity of sunshine. In testing conducted from 07.00 to 17.00 WIB, the lowest solar panel output voltage of 20.4 V with a current of 0.2 A was obtained. The most outstanding result is at 12.00 WIB with a point of 23.59 V and 0.7 A. The study also demonstrates how the surrounding temperature influences the amount of electrical energy generated.
The Potential Of Biomass Co-firing In Overcoming Coal Limitation In Steam Power Plants
Authors: Hendrik Sanjaya Eli , Sayfulloh Alwy Much. , Khafid Syahroni Abdul , Atif Fikri Ahmad , Bachri Syamsul , Leksono Edy Duwi , Din Mohd. Fadhil MD.
Published: January 2024

The limitations that lead to coal scarcity are interesting to study, because coal is used as the main fuel source in steam power plants (PLTU). In this study, the use of biomass made in the briquette model for biomass cofiring is offered as a substitute for coal in PLTU. The materials used in biomass cofiring here are abundant and rarely used materials, such as sugarcane waste, palm oil waste, corn waste, wood saw waste, and durian fruit waste. The results of the biomass cofiring potential are measured based on proximate testing, where the results obtained by the calorific value of the materials used are quite high, with the highest material being rice husks which have a calorific value of 6800 kcal / Kg where this calorific value is higher than the calorific value of subbituminous batubaru which is 4600-6400 kcal / Kg. so that its potential as a substitute for coal at PLTU needs to be reviewed as a step towards the continuity of electricity availability at PLTU.
Design Build an Off Grid Based Solar Power Plant System Using The Bidirectional Buck And Boost Topology In The Conservation Of Sea Pearl Turtles
Authors: Trisna Nugraha Anggara , Asri Purwidi , Sunarno Epyk , Prilian Eviningsih Rachma , Maulana Ahmad Putra Zindhu , Indaryani Suci , Yurisma Sheila Sindy , Wakhidatur Rochmawati Nur , Fatkur Rohman Yulian , Eka Surya Pramudika Ari
Published: January 2024

Turtles are one of the fauna that is threatened with extinction. The cause of its extinction is inadequate management of conservation techniques. The Lantera Trenggalek Community sees the problem of the high operational costs of turtle conservation faced by the people of Masaran Village, Trenggalek, East Java. The operational costs of turtle conservation are high, including the costs of turtle feed, turtle maintenance and the electricity costs for turtle egg incubators reaching 1800 watts, so they require high PLN electricity. Therefore, this research aims to innovate to overcome partner problems by utilizing off grid PLTS using Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converter. The aim of using PLTS in Masaran village is to increase the availability of electricity sources at relatively low prices. However, in the PLTS implementation system, the electrical energy produced is unstable. So the PLTS system is equipped with batteries to store energy. The energy storage process requires a converter which functions to stabilize the output voltage of the PLTS. This research used Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converters because these converters are able to work in two directions so they can optimize the output voltage from PLTS. The results of testing the PLTS system with Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converter show that when in buck mode, the converter output voltage can reach 14.4V which is used for battery charging. The output of this research is that the Off Grid PLTS system can produce maximum electrical energy so that it can overcome partner problems in increasing the turtle population.
PV Rooftop System Design and Modeling On-Grid Commercial Scale in The Building of The Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Authors: Ahmad Zaki Hamidi Eki , Yusuf Teddy , Tri Agung Muhammad , Destalia Gita , Rin Nurmalasari Rin
Published: January 2024

This research discusses the design of a comprehensive on-grid rooftop solar PV system. The object of this research is the Faculty of Science and Technology Building of UIN Sunan Gunung Djatii Bandung, with the results of this study obtained a rooftop on-grid solar PV system capacity of 177 keep, with a DC / AC ratio of 1.265, a total capacity of the string inverter used is 140 Kwa. In this design, 3D shading scene modeling is carried out to obtain accurate losses. The simulation results obtained an annual output of 200.2 MWh in the designed solar PV system, and the performance ratio (PR) value obtained was 78.09%..
Application of the Coulomb Counting Method for Maintenance of VRLA Type Batteries in PLTS Systems
Authors: Trisna Nugraha Anggara , Sa’diyah Aminatus , Pudji Purwanti Endang , Syafiuddin  , Bilhaq Ashlah Muhammad , Habib Ainudin Fortunaviaza
Published: January 2024

Almost all portable electronic devices such as cell phones, laptops, and remote-control toys use batteries as their power source. In certain cases, it was found that the battery could be damaged and short-lived. Damage to the battery is caused by using the battery that is less than the maximum. One example that can be taken in this regard is the battery connected to the PLTS system. Battery storage in PLTS can still be developed further so that the battery can work optimally and extend battery life. The case starts with conditioning the battery room temperature and the Depth of Discharge value which will shorten battery life. So to estimate this value we need a method, one of the methods that can be used is the Coulomb Counting method. This method is used to measure the value of the electric charge entering or leaving the battery. From the results obtained, the Coulomb Counting method can calculate the usage time of a 12V 200Ah VRLA battery with an average Depth of Discharge of Battery 1 DoD 39.02% DoD Battery 2 40.25% DoD Battery 3 41.92% DoD Battery 4 40.98% for 30 days. Conditioning is also carried out by maintaining the value of the depth of discharge of the battery so that it can maintain the value of Depth of Dis-charge with an average of each battery respectively 40.00%, 40.73%, 42.88% and 41.09%. From this conditioning, the estimated battery lifetime values were 3.77 years, 3.68 years, 3.45 years, and 3.64 years respectively.
DC-link Voltage Control Using Battery-side Controller in a Hybrid System
Authors: Kusumawardana Arya , Kurniawan Saputra Indra , Basuki Andi , Krisnawan Shandy
Published: January 2024

This work aims to model the PV-Battery hybrid system as well as design a controller used to stabilize the voltage at the DC-link for the load. It is intended to make the voltage between the battery and PV system stable, or it can be said that the voltage at the load becomes stable. The input system used is battery current and PV current is considered as a disturbance because of its characteristics that cannot be controlled when generating maximum power. Therefore, a full order state feedback controller with integrator is designed to reduce the steady state error. In addition, an algorithm is needed to estimate the PV current and at the same time reduce sensor utilization. This work utilizes Disturbance Observer to estimate these parameters as well as disturbance rejection. To verify the proposed system, there are three scenarios. The first scenario tests the system with constant PV load and current. The second scenario tests the system with varying PV current, and finally tests the system with varying load and current. From the scenarios, the system performed well with output voltage RMSE values equal to 0.003 in the first scenario, 0.4 in the second scenario, and 0.481 in the third scenario.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of CoSb3 Based Incorporated with Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Masruhah Alma Nur Roisatul , Diantoro Markus , Yogihati Chusnana Insjaf , Pujiarti Herlin , Pahlevi Reza Akbar , Meevasana Worawat
Published: January 2024

Thermoelectric is one of the energy harvesters that can convert heat energy into electrical energy currently being developed. One of the thermoelectric materials most studied is Antimony Cobalt (CoSb3). The unique crystal structure, high carrier mobility, and high electrical conductivity of CoSb3 -based skutterudite is considered promising thermoelectric material for medium-temperature thermoelectric applications. A comprehensive study is needed to investigate scientific information and its application by modifying the combination of the two phases by making CoSb3 /rGO nanocomposites. CoSb3 was synthesized using the polyol method, which was then composited with rGO material and made into thin films. It is found that adding rGO increases electrical conductivity. The addition of rGO composite showed that the local crystal structure experienced a decrease in peak intensity in the (0 1 3) plane. It was found that the grains were agglomerated. Furthermore, adding the rGO gives rise to a change in the size of the gr ins. The resulting electrical conductivity range from (1.4–4)×103 Ω-1 cm-1 at room temperature. While at 320 K, the value of the Seebeck Coefficient composite rGO 20% is around 1.2 V/K.
Investigating the CoS2 Mass Fraction Enhancing Performance Supercapacitor for Medium Low Consumption
Authors: Diantoro Markus , Dyas Arya Nando , Luthfiyah Ishmah , Pujiarti Herlin , Maensiri Santi
Published: January 2024

Supercapacitor are one of the most environmentally friendly electrical energy storage devices. Improvement of supercapacitor performance continues to be carried out by combining active materials and transition metal oxides/hydroxides. In this study, a composite electrode material based on activated carbon with a mass percent variation of CoS2 has been successfully carried out. The composition of Ni(OH)2 - CoS2 /Graphene Nanosheet//Carbon electrode consists of 10, 15, and 20% CoS2 . The electrodes were then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The research was continued by fabricating a symmetric coin cell. Supercapacitor device performance was characterized using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Charge-Discharge (CD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The morphology of activated carbon shows porous chunks that are beneficial in the electrolyte ion adsorption process. While CoS2 and Ni(OH)2 materials indicated in bulk form. Characterization results show the most optimum sample is in the 15% CoS2 sample with EIS characterization showing the smallest equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 0.81 Ω. CD characterization results were able to have specific capacitance, energy density and power density of 58.25 Fg-1, 1.59 Wh/kg, and 70.49 W/kg respectively and were able to survive up to 88.84% after 1000 test.
Change Of Pvdf Ultrafiltration Membranes For Humus Acid Removal Applications In Water By Adding Fe2o3/Zeolite Additives
Authors: Mumtazah Zuhriah , Nugraha Reva Edra , Priyangga Arif , Muharja Maktum , Fitria Darmayanti Rizki , Kharisma Yolanda Putri Ditta
Published: January 2024

One of the most often used polymers as the primary component of membranes is polyvinylidene fluoride or PVDF. Nonetheless, its hydrophobic characteristic remains a significant barrier to this material’s utilization. This study aims to reduce the likelihood of fouling by adding Fe2O3/Zeolite additions to the PVDF membrane. Fe2O3/Zeolite was used to modify the membrane through surface coating. Compared to the pure PVDF membrane, the results demonstrated that adding additives to the membrane polymer solution increased the purified water and humic acid fluxes. The best results in this study were obtained by modifying the PVDF membrane and adding Fe2O3/Zeolite additions in a ratio of 1 gr: 0.5 gr (M2). Based on these findings, it can be said that.
Sensorless Speed Control of PMSM in Low-Speed by High Frequency Pulsating Injection with Double Modulation Error Compensation
Authors: Ferdiansyah Indra , Hanamoto Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2024

A novel improvement scheme for the High Frequency Pulsating Injection-Sinusoidal (HFPI-S) method that considers the error function is proposed and implemented for PMSM sensorless control. The limitations in extracting the error function and dealing with signal noise at low-speed could appear the estimation errors in rotor position within the HFPI-S system. In this study, a new model for the proposed method, including the addition of dual modulation as error compensation in the process of extracting rotor position and enhancing the observer for conventional rotor position signals was focused. The results of this study showed that the extraction of the error function that is expanded could obtain more accurate results. Therefore, the addition of dual modulation and the observer enhancement could be effectively applied to maintain the accuracy of rotor position estimation even under low-speed and loaded conditions.
Stability of Water Flow in Tanks Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Method
Authors: Siswanto Markhaban , Ali Machrus , Agil Haikal Muhammad , Wahyudi Slamet , Soedarsono  , Ruswandi Djalal Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The stability of the speed and pressure of the water flow is determined by the height and volume of the water. The speed of water flow in the actuator is determined by the use of this flow sensor system. A good tank-based water flow control model must be developed. At a certain point, the actuator stabilizes the water production rate per minute. Therefore, it is necessary to develop automatic and precise control techniques. Many Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are used in system optimization. Among them are the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this research, conventional methods, Auto tuning methods, and PSO methods are used. The PSO method produces better optimization compared to the previous method. The water flow stability indicator in this simulation is shown by the size of the overshot and undershot values for each method. The best water level control simulation results are the PSO method with the smallest overshot value of 0.0333 pu, the smallest undershot value of 0.0347 pu, and the output flow results have the smallest overshot value of 0.0013 pu, the smallest undershot value of 0.0011 pu.
The effect of polyethylene polyimine on the dispersion of aluminum powder in silicone enamel
Authors: Kryuchkov V.
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of a study that showed that the addition of polyethylene polyimine to industrial silicone enamel KO-814 improves the dispersion of aluminum pigment and the quality of coatings. The study showed that the maximum effect is achieved with the content of 0.48% of the additive by weight of the pigment. The addition of polyethylene polyimine also improves the aggregate stability of enamel, which is manifested in a decrease in the deposition rate by 25% and a decrease in the average diameter of pigment particles by 85% compared to enamel without an additive. The obtained optimal concentration of polyethylene polyimine (0.48% of the additive in silicone enamel) leads to a 3.5-fold decrease in the corrosion rate of the steel base and a 43-52% decrease in the water absorption of coatings. These results can be useful in the production of industrial coatings, such as automotive paints, metal structures and other products where high quality coatings are required. The use of polyethylene polyimine can improve the properties of coatings and increase their durability.
Investigation of a fuel-free power generating plant and evaluation of the effectiveness of its use
Authors: Mukolyants Arsen , Sotnikova Irina , Ergasheva Dilbar
Published: January 2024

The development of resource-saving technologies for existing energy sources is one of the priority tasks of the energy strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which provides for the reduction of losses and cost reduction at all stages of the technological process during the extraction, preparation and transportation of natural gas. Today, it is very promising to utilize the energy of excess pressure of natural gas at gas distribution stations using expander units. A solution to the problem of lack of gas heating in the expander-generator unit can be a heated installation scheme through the use of a gas heating system with an air heat pump unit. Calculations of the energy efficiency of an expander generating unit were carried out under various operating conditions when heating natural gas in front of the expander using a heat pump unit.
Pyrolysis of Laminaria japonica with biochar production and its characteristics
Authors: Tsvetkov Maxim , Zaichenko Andrey , Podlesniy Dmitry , Repina Maria , Glukhov Alexander
Published: January 2024

In the present paper, biochar from the Laminaria japonica from brackish lagoons (Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin Island) was obtained by a stepwise pyrolysis at 500 °C. The properties of concerned biochar (elemental composition, specific surface area, particle size distribution) were studied. It was shown that the Laminaria japonica biochar has 0.2–18 μm particle sizes with a complex branched surface of high microporosity and a specific surface area of 38.6 m2g-1. Aforementioned biochar has the high content of carbon (~60 at%) and high content of oxygen (~34 at.%).
Seismic performance analysis of sleeve beam-column nodes under different reinforcement conditions based on Abaqus
Authors: Shuoting Xiao , Fomin Nikita , Maltseva Irina , Houyan Wang
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the effect of different reinforcement designs on the seismic performance of RC columns with beam-column joints connected using grouted sleeves. Through finite element analysis using ABAQUS software, various reinforcement configurations were simulated and their seismic performance was evaluated. 3 reinforcement configurations were simulated and their seismic performance was evaluated through finite element analysis using ABAQUS software. The results showed that the use of grouted sleeve connections with additional installed reinforcement and composite hoop configurations were effective in improving the seismic performance of prefabricated columns with grouted sleeve beam-column connection nodes. The stiffness reduction and displacement ductility of the specimens were analyzed, and it was found that the longitudinal reinforcement diameter had a negligible effect on the stiffness reduction, while the use of composite hoops was more effective in improving the displacement ductility compared to parallel hoops. These findings help to understand the behavior of beam-column connections and provide a reference for the design of seismic-resistant structures and future research.
Thermodynamic features of corrosion processes in liquid lead coolant in the presence of dissolved oxygen
Authors: Krasin V.P. , Soyustova S.I.
Published: January 2024

In this work, the thermodynamic formalism of the law of acting masses is used to analyze the chemical equilibrium in a lead-based liquid metal solution in the case when iron and oxygen are present in the melt as impurities. The calculations were carried out using iron as an example, since it is this chemical element that is the main component of steels, which are currently regarded as the most promising container material for lead liquid-metal systems. The technology for controlling oxygen activity comes down to the fact that while maintaining the required oxygen concentration, lead becomes less chemically aggressive towards iron. By ensuring the constant required amount of oxygen in the liquid lead coolant, it is possible to maintain the basis of protective films on the surface of steel, which include iron and chromium oxides.
Calculation of dynamic characteristics of elastic self-aligning gear wheel of the locomotive
Authors: Khromova Galina , Radjibaev Davran , Abduvakhobov Muslim
Published: January 2024

The article presents the procedure for calculating the dynamic characteristics of the elastic self-aligning gear of the locomotive. The authors have developed a numerical-analytical method for dynamic calculation strength of the elastic self-aligning gear of the locomotive, an algorithm and a program for the MATHCAD 15 programming environment were developed.
Reliability models of overhead power lines in the calculation algorithm based on network topological analysis
Authors: Kinev E.S. , Tyapin A.A. , Kachan V.V. , Goncharov K.V. , Tremyasov V.A.
Published: January 2024

The article proposes an approach to the analysis of the reliability of high-voltage transmission lines developed using topological concepts of analyzing the structure of networks in the electric power industry. The study used practical power distribution schemes used at hydroelectric power plants in the East Siberian region. On the basis of the probabilistic model, a computational algorithm has been formed, software for assessing reliability has been developed. Using the described tools, a numerical assessment of the reliability indicators of outgoing high-voltage power lines 220 kV was carried out.
Model of an experimental bench for detecting defects in pipelines
Authors: Korobova Lyudmila , Matytsina Irina , Kalugin Vitaly
Published: January 2024

Any technological system consists of devices interconnected by pipelines. Often, the length of pipelines is quite large. Checking their integrity is relevant and very costly in terms of time and human resources. It is not possible to create a real emergency situation at an existing production facility. It is possible to obtain information about the presence of a defect at an industrial facility only by simulating such a situation. For this, an experimental stand has been developed that allows monitoring the functioning of a closed air duct system of a simulated object. Situations are modeled under various external influences: when the dynamic characteristics of the working environment change; when various types of defects appear, etc. Functionally, the experimental stand was created as close as possible to real conditions. The developed stand opens up opportunities for practical experiments and direct obtaining of experimental data to identify defects in the air duct. To detect damage to the air circuit, integration of technical developments with the method of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) was performed.
Principles of biological architecture and green construction certification of modern buildings
Authors: Shushunova Natalia , Shushunova Tatiana , Kudinova Yana
Published: January 2024

This article introduces the main trends in green construction, base principles of biological architecture, and its importance in Europa. The concept of biological architecture is considered as one of the most effective and aesthetic way for modern cities to improve the microclimate is the introduction of green architecture. In a large number of countries around the world, apartment buildings, hotels, offices and government buildings with vertical gardening of facades, decorated with a wide variety of plants. Despite the growing interest in the field of green construction, little research has been done to assess the principles of green systems implementation, especially in construction. This study assesses the factors behind the development of green construction. Green construction is a key to solving global problems and modern way of development urban spaces, many of the principles and practices applied in sustainable architecture, have their roots in antiquity. The improvement and popularization of national green standards in the foreseeable future may significantly affect the housing and communal services.
Photovoltaic panel and wind turbine as an electric energy source for water evaporation and desalination
Authors: Dudkin Maksim , Egorov Vadim , Ryavkin Gleb
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the article is to study the process of heating and desalination of seawater due to electricity from wind turbines and solar panels. This electric current is collected and transmitted through wires to be used to power electrical devices. The advantages of using solar panels as an alternative energy source include environmental cleanliness, long service life, no noise, low cost of operation and no emissions of harmful substances. Boiling water using wind turbine energy is a great way to use renewable wind energy to support daily activities. By placing a wind turbine in an area with a steady wind, the turbine can collect kinetic energy from the air and convert it into mechanical energy that can be used to rotate the generator. This generator can then convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can be used to power an electric boiler. The boiler can then use electrical energy to heat the water, producing steam to boil the water.
Multicomponent concretes with local raw materials and organic mineral additives
Authors: Zimakova G. , Solonina V. , Zelig M. , Sharko P. , Ashyrov M.
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the results of studying dense structure concrete containing highly dispersed aleuropelite rocks; amorphous silica-containing, plasticizing and water-repelling additives. The use of natural raw materials and modifying additives in rather low dosage ranges has been proved rational for mass construction concentrated on the use of B30-50 class concretes. It has been established that concrete structure forming, its physical and technical characteristics and durability are ensured by the compositions without involving additional grinding operations and activating the mineral component in the technological process. The proposed technical solutions serve as the basis for the production of a whole class of micro-concrete that is efficient in terms of technical and economic indicators.
Investigation of the possibility of using the raw materials of the Ural region in the production of thermopolished flat glass
Authors: Kungurova Anastasiya , Khazhiakhmetova Regina , Vlasova Svetlana
Published: January 2024

The research work is devoted to the comparison of two glasses of the same composition but synthesized on different quartz materials – Tashlinsky deposit sand and Ural quartz «Crystal Mountain»), otherwise the same raw materials are used. The physicochemical properties of the obtained glasses were determined, and it was revealed that when quartz is used in glassmaking, the light transmission indicators increase. Therefore, such glasses can be classified as “especially transparent”.
Assessment of the reliability of protective structures made of composite materials
Authors: Balamirzoev A. , Zerbaliev A. , Akayev A. , Omarov Sh. , Aylammatova D.
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the protective structures of dams made of composite materials. The authors propose a method for determining the reliability of structures and illustrate its application using the example of a membrane-cabling structure dam as a system consisting of three main objects: a water-retaining shell, an anchor assembly and an apron. According to this method, the reliability of a structural element is determined by its service life, counted from the start of operation until the moment of failure. It is assumed that the service life of the element is a random variable, and on the basis of this, the distribution law of the service life is chosen, which characterizes the reliability of the element. Based on the analysis of the operating period of membrane-cabling structure dams, new technological solutions of experimental and theoretical studies, the authors have developed scientifically grounded measures to improve the safety and reliability of the operation of the membrane-cabling structure dam. Dependencies are established that characterize the reliability of each element of the dam with a membrane-cabling structure.
Research on the effectiveness of transportation infrastructure maintenance based on the risk process
Authors: Krakovsky Y.M. , Hoang N.A. , Nachigin V.A.
Published: January 2024

In order to improve the efficiency of transportation infrastructure maintenance, it is proposed to introduce an insurance fund that performs two functions: accumulation of payments with different frequency and cost for performing various types of maintenance; pays for these types of maintenance as necessary. To mathematically describe the state of the insurance fund, it is proposed to use a special type of risk process. This approach allowed us to introduce maintenance performance indicators in the form of resource-cost and financial risks, taking into account the possibility of non-performance of maintenances due to lack of financial resources. A modeling program based on the event approach was created in the MATLAB environment to study these indicators. Computational experiments with the modeling program allowed us to draw conclusions that, in order to minimize the risk values, preference should be given to the option when the shares and frequency of payments to the insurance fund are determined based on the type of maintenance and initial data.
Summer coworking as an element of a comfortable urban environment
Authors: Bareicheva M.A. , Kubina E.A. , Stepanova N.R.
Published: January 2024

The paper deals with the problems of improvement and the creation of a comfortable urban environment. An initiative youth project is an idea of creating a summer coworking on the territory of the Ural Federal University in Ekaterinburg. Here, the University can take responsibility for designing the urban environment and involving urban communities in the development of the city. The article presents the concept of creating a creative open space for work and leisure that will unite citizens, as well as raise the issue of using collaborative design in creating a comfortable urban environment. The author’s developments in creating a unique social object-a summer coworking – are presented. Based on real urban practices and the role of the University as a driver of regional development, the authors of the project plan to create a place for open and trusting inter-social communication between representatives of government, business, public associations, and active citizens. The possibilities of points of growth and development of the formed space were also considered. The implementation of the presented project will improve and improve the territory of the city of Ekaterinburg.
Calculation and manufacture of multilayer composite structures
Authors: Yakubovskiy Yu. E. , Kolosov V.I. , Kuzyaev A.G. , Kruglov S.O.
Published: January 2024

A brief overview of the work done to solve the problems of bending of composite plates and shells is presented. A mathematical model has been developed that takes into account the physically nonlinear properties of the layer’s material. The seams between the layers have finite longitudinal stiffness. Seams can be continuous or discrete (anchors). The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to take into account the creep properties of the aging material. The reliability of calculations is substantiated by comparison with experimental data and known calculations. Taking into account the temperature mode made it possible to develop a technology for manufacturing multilayer structures with predicted properties of the material of the layers. Based on the results presented, methods for calculating multilayer structures and technologies for their manufacture have been developed. It is proposed to create products from cement-based composites with unique planned characteristics, oriented to the intended purpose of the manufactured structures. The intended purpose of products can be achieved by using a material with special characteristics in each layer. To protect against rodents and microorganisms, light antiseptics can be used in the process of making the composite. The solution of these issues in thin-walled structures is associated with the development of technologies for creating multilayer composite systems. The results of the creation of composites are presented.