bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geomagnetic paleointensity in historical pyroclastic density currents: Testing the effects of emplacement temperature and postemplacement alteration
Authors: Bowles Julie A. , Gee Jeffrey S. , Jackson Mike J. , Avery Margaret S.
Published: October 2015

Thellier‐type paleointensity experiments were conducted on welded ash matrix or pumice from the 1912 Novarupta (NV) and 1980 Mt. St. Helens (MSH) pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) with the intention of evaluating their suitability for geomagnetic paleointensity studies. PDCs are common worldwide, but can have complicated thermal and alteration histories. We attempt to address the role that emplacement temperature and postemplacement hydrothermal alteration may play in nonideal paleointensity behavior of PDCs. Results demonstrate two types of nonideal behavior: unstable remanence in multidomain (MD) titanomagnetite, and nonideal behavior linked to fumarolic and vapor phase alteration. Emplacement temperature indirectly influences MSH results by controlling the fraction of homogenous MD versus oxyexsolved pseudo‐single domain titanomagnetite. NV samples are more directly influenced by vapor phase alteration. The majority of NV samples show distinct two‐slope behavior in the natural remanent magnetization—partial thermal remanent magnetization plots. We interpret this to arise from a (thermo)chemical remanent magnetization associated with vapor phase alteration, and samples with high water content (>0.75% loss on ignition) generate paleointensities that deviate most strongly from the true value. We find that PDCs can be productively used for paleointensity, but that—as with all paleointensity studies—care should be taken in identifying potential postemplacement alteration below the Curie temperature, and that large, welded flows may be more alteration‐prone. One advantage in using PDCs is that they typically have greater areal (spatial) exposure than a basalt flow, allowing for more extensive sampling and better assessment of errors and uncertainty.
Impacts of tides on tsunami propagation due to potential Nankai Trough earthquakes in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Authors: Lee Han Soo , Shimoyama Tomohisa , Popinet Stéphane
Published: October 2015

The impacts of tides on extreme tsunami propagation due to potential Nankai Trough earthquakes in the Seto Inland Sea (SIS), Japan, are investigated through numerical experiments. Tsunami experiments are conducted based on five scenarios that consider tides at four different phases, such as flood, high, ebb, and low tides. The probes that were selected arbitrarily in the Bungo and Kii Channels show less significant effects of tides on tsunami heights and the arrival times of the first waves than those that experience large tidal ranges in inner basins and bays of the SIS. For instance, the maximum tsunami height and the arrival time at Toyomaesi differ by more than 0.5 m and nearly 1 h, respectively, depending on the tidal phase. The uncertainties defined in terms of calculated maximum tsunami heights due to tides illustrate that the calculated maximum tsunami heights in the inner SIS with standing tides have much larger uncertainties than those of two channels with propagating tides. Particularly in Harima Nada, the uncertainties due to the impacts of tides are greater than 50% of the tsunami heights without tidal interaction. The results recommend simulate tsunamis together with tides in shallow water environments to reduce the uncertainties involved with tsunami modeling and predictions for tsunami hazards preparedness.
The source of the Leeuwin Current seasonality
Authors: Ridgway K. R. , Godfrey J. S.
Published: October 2015

The seasonal circulation around the southwestern boundary of Australia is documented using sea level anomalies from satellite altimetry. Results extrapolated to the coast agree closely with tide gauge observations indicating that seasonal altimeter fields are realistic. Monthly sea level maps identify an annual propagating wave along a waveguide extending along the shelf edge, from the Gulf of Carpentaria to southern Tasmania. The annual sea level pulse does not originate from the Pacific Ocean, as annual Pacific sea level variations are completely out of phase with signals south of the Indonesian archipelago. The presence of a phase discontinuity is demonstrated in annual sea level, temperature, and salinity observations. The origin of the Leeuwin Current seasonality is in the Gulf of Carpentaria where monsoonal winds drive a massive buildup of sea level from November to December. During December–February, a sea level “pulse” emerges from the region, and rapidly propagates poleward along the western and southern Australian boundary. In the broad shelf region centered at 19°S, an independent process forms a high sea level feature when a positive heat flux anomaly induces an annual increase in sea surface temperature which is rapidly mixed through the water column by the strong regional tides. In March, the winds relax and switch to a downwelling favorable alongshore component. In this period, the sea level pulse is essentially in a quasi‐static equilibrium with the annual propagating wind systems. The change in cross‐shelf sea level gradient along the 8000 km path length at the western and southern boundaries, drives the seasonal changes in the Leeuwin Current flow.
Controllable Perovskite Crystallization by Water Additive for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Gong Xiu , Li Meng , Shi Xiao‐Bo , Ma Heng , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: October 2015

A key issue for perovskite solar cells is the stability of perovskite materials due to moisture effects under ambient conditions, although their efficiency is improved constantly. Herein, an improved CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite quality is demonstrated with good crystallization and stability by using water as an additive during crystal perovskite growth. Incorporating suitable water additives in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) leads to controllable growth of perovskites due to the lower boiling point and the higher vapor pressure of water compared with DMF. In addition, CH3NH3PbI3−xClx · nH2O hydrated perovskites, which can be resistant to the corrosion by water molecules to some extent, are assumed to be generated during the annealing process. Accordingly, water additive based perovskite solar cells present a high power conversion efficiency of 16.06% and improved cell stability under ambient conditions compared with the references. The findings in this work provide a route to control the growth of crystal perovskites and a clue to improve the stability of organic–inorganic halide perovskites.
Cubical Shape Enhances the Interaction of Layer‐by‐Layer Polymeric Particles with Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Alexander Jenolyn F. , Kozlovskaya Veronika , Chen Jun , Kuncewicz Thomas , Kharlampieva Eugenia , Godin Biana
Published: October 2015

Blood‐borne objects display a nonspherical shape with in‐flow dimensions much larger than the vascular endothelial fenestrations, yet, at the diseased state, are able to traverse through these fenestrations owing to their elasticity. The role of physical parameters including shape and elasticity in the behavior of objects found in the tumor microenvironment needs to be understood to ultimately enhance chemotherapy and minimize its side effects. In this study, sphere‐ and cube‐shaped biocompatible elastic microparticles (EM) made via layer‐by‐layer assembly of hydrogen‐bonded tannic acid/poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (TA/PVPON) as hollow polymer shells and their rigid core‐shell precursors (RM) are explored. In contrast to rigid five‐bilayer (TA/PVPON) core shells, hollow elastic shells are unrecognized by J774A.1 macrophages, yet interact with endothelial and breast cancer cells. Internalization of cubical shells is fivefold more efficient by HMVEC (human microvascular endothelial cells) and sixfold and 2.5‐fold more efficient by MDA‐MB‐231 and by SUM159 (breast cancer cells), respectively, compared to spherical shells. The interaction of cubical (TA/PVPON)5 shells with endothelial cells is similar under 10 s−1 (characteristic of tumor vasculature) and 100 s−1 shear rate (normal vasculature) while it is decreased at 100 s−1 shear rate for the spherical shells. Our data suggest that cubical geometry promotes interaction of particles with breast cancer cells, while elasticity prevents engulfment by phagocytic cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Substrate Selection for Full Exploitation of Organic Semiconductor Films: Epitaxial Rubrene on β‐Alanine Single Crystals
Authors: Trabattoni Silvia , Raimondo Luisa , Campione Marcello , Braga Daniele , Holmberg Vincent C. , Norris David J. , Moret Massimo , Ciavatti Andrea , Fraboni Beatrice , Sassella Adele
Published: October 2015

Rubrene (RUB) is one of the most studied organic semiconductors because, in the orthorhombic single‐crystal phase, it exhibits a record exciton diffusion length and one of the highest charge carrier mobilities ever reported. Here, thin films of oriented crystalline RUB are successfully grown in vacuum on millimeter‐sized (010)‐β‐alanine (β‐ala) single crystals with a step‐growth protocol, exploiting organic epitaxy. The experimental characterization demonstrates that these RUB films grow in the orthorhombic polymorph with the (100)RUB plane in contact with the (010)β‐ala surface and with precise azimuthal orientations. A complementary study of the RUB(100)/β‐ala(010) interface, performed by computational simulations, confirms the epitaxial relations expected by considering the molecular scale corrugations of the surfaces. Moreover, thanks to the wide transparency region of β‐ala, the RUB absorption bands in the UV range are directly detected for the first time. Finally, removal of the water‐soluble substrate enables the integration of the films in field effect transistors as high quality active organic layers. The characteristics of such RUB‐based devices confirm the quality and versatility of epitaxial thin films for use in organic electronics.
Improved Thermal Conductivity of Poly(trimethylene terephthalate‐block‐poly(tetramethylene oxide) Based Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Nanoplatelets Fillers
Authors: Paszkiewicz Sandra , Szymczyk Anna , Pilawka Ryszard , Przybyszewski Bartlomiej , Czulak Andrzej , RosŁaniec Zbigniew
Published: October 2015

The thermal conductivity of poly(trimethylene terephthalate‐block‐poly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymer (PTT‐PTMO)–based nanocomposites filled with the hybrid system of nanofillers, including single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) is studied. At the same loading, SWCNT provided greater thermal conductivity enhancement when added to thermoplastic elastomer matrix when compared to GNP. Moreover, SEM images showed that SWCNT and GNP were well dispersed in PTT‐PTMO, suggesting that in situ polymerization is a highly efficient method for preparing hybrid nanocomposites with low loading of carbon nanofillers. To further improve thermal conductivity of PTT‐PTMO–based nanocomposites, a hybrid SWCNT/GNP was used. When the ratio of SWCNT to GNP was 5:1, i.e. 0.5 wt% of SWCNT and 0.1 wt% of GNP, the PTT‐PTMO–based nanocomposites exhibited the highest thermal conductivity of 0.30 W/m·K, higher than that filled with SWCNT and GNP alone. This suggests that the combination of two types of nanofillers, which differ in shape, allows obtaining the synergistic effect for the thermal conductivity enhancement of PTT‐PTMO.
Single‐Molecule Spin Switch Based on Voltage‐Triggered Distortion of the Coordination Sphere
Authors: Harzmann Gero D. , Frisenda Riccardo , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Mayor Marcel
Published: October 2015

Here, we report on a new single‐molecule‐switching concept based on the coordination‐sphere‐dependent spin state of FeII species. The perpendicular arrangement of two terpyridine (tpy) ligands within heteroleptic complexes is distorted by the applied electric field. Whereas one ligand fixes the complex in the junction, the second one exhibits an intrinsic dipole moment which senses the E field and causes the distortion of the FeII coordination sphere triggering the alteration of its spin state. A series of complexes with different dipole moments have been synthesized and their transport features were investigated via mechanically controlled break‐junctions. Statistical analyses support the hypothesized switching mechanism with increasing numbers of junctions displaying voltage‐dependent bistabilities upon increasing the FeII complexes’ intrinsic dipole moments. A constant threshold value of the E field required for switching corroborates the mechanism.
The Synthesis of B2(SIDip)2 and its Reactivity Between the Diboracumulenic and Diborynic Extremes
Authors: Böhnke Julian , Braunschweig Holger , Dellermann Theresa , Ewing William C. , Hammond Kai , Jimenez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Kramer Thomas , Mies Jan
Published: October 2015

A new compound with the formula L‐B2‐L wherein the stabilizing ligand (L) is 1,3‐bis[diisopropylphenyl]‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene (SIDip) has been synthesized, isolated, and characterized. The π‐acidity of the SIDip ligand, intermediate between the relatively non‐acidic IDip (1,3‐bis[diisopropylphenyl]imidazol‐2‐ylidene) ligand and the much more highly acidic CAAC (1‐[2,6‐diisopropylphenyl]‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidin‐2‐ylidene) ligand, gives rise to a compound with spectroscopic, electrochemical, and structural properties between those of L‐B2‐L compounds stabilized by CAAC and IDip. Reactions of all three L‐B2‐L compounds with CO demonstrate the differences caused by their respective ligands, as the π‐acidities of the CAAC and SIDip carbenes enabled the isolation of bis(boraketene) compounds (L(OC)B‐B(CO)L), which could not be isolated from reactions with B2(IDip)2. However, only B2(IDip)2 and B2(SIDip)2 could be converted into bicyclic bis(boralactone) compounds.
Synthesis of a cellulose‐based hydrogel network: Characterization and study of urea fertilizer slow release
Authors: Mohammadi‐Khoo Shahin , Moghadam Peyman Najafi , Fareghi Amir Reza , Movagharnezhad Nasim
Published: October 2015

In the present study, we synthesized a low‐cost biodegradable hydrogel based on cellulose in order to perform controlled release of fertilizer. For this purpose, the cellulose was modified and crosslinked with urea. Then the prepared hydrogel underwent loading with the fertilizer in order to study the controlled release. Characterization of the samples was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrogel showed a good swelling behavior in distilled water, tap water, and 0.9% NaCl solution. Besides, water holding and water retention behavior of the hydrogel was investigated. Finally, the release of fertilizer from the loaded hydrogel was studied and showed excellent controlled release. According to the results, this hydrogel can be employed as a suitable moisture‐holding additive in the soil for agricultural purposes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42935.
Näherungsverfahren für das Torsionsmoment aus Kippstabilisierung bei Brettschichtholzträgern
Authors: Hofmann Reiner , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: October 2015

Während es für die Bemessung von Horizontalverbänden bekannte Ansätze für die Stabilisierungslasten gibt, wird das infolge Kippen im Trägerquerschnitt an der Gabellagerung entstehende Torsionsmoment, wenn überhaupt, nur sehr grob abgeschätzt. Zu dieser Thematik wurden umfangreiche numerische Untersuchungen an parallelgurtigen geraden Trägern, an parallelgurtigen Trägern mit angehobenem Untergurt und an Satteldach‐ und Fischbauchträgern mit und ohne seitliche Stützung des Druckgurts durch Horizontalverbände durchgeführt. Auf der Grundlage der durchgeführten Untersuchungen konnte ein Näherungsansatz für die Bestimmung des Torsionsmoments aus Kippstabilisierung erarbeitet werden. Der Schubspannungsnachweis kippgefährdeter Träger kann damit unter Berücksichtigung des Torsionsmoments aus Kippstabilisierung geführt werden, ohne dass die Schnittgrößen nach Biegetorsionstheorie II. Ordnung dafür bestimmt werden müssen.

A simplified design method for the torsional moment caused by stability effects of glued laminated timber beams

In contrast to stabilizing forces on horizontal bracing for the torsional moment caused by lateral torsional buckling of glued laminated timber beams in the cross section next to the support only a very rough estimation exists. Therefore a considerable number of numerical calculations have been realized for straight single span girders with parallel chords, for single span girders with raised lower chords and for saddle roof and fish‐bellied girders with or without considering horizontal bracings supporting the upper chords of the girders. On the basis of the results of these studies a simplified design method for the torsional moment could be derived. Thereby the verification of shear considering the torsional moment caused by stability effects may be realized without using a calculation according to second order theory.
NO2 Sensing Properties of Bead‐like TeO2 Nanostructures Fabricated Using Different O2 Flow Rates
Authors: Shin Kee‐Hyun , Park Sungsik , Jeong Hakyung , Noh Youngwook , Lee Dongjin , Choi Sun‐Woo , Jin Changhyun
Published: October 2015

We report the synthesis of bead‐like TeO2
nanowire (NW)‐based NO2
gas sensors using different O2
flow rates. The performance of these sensors was compared with that of a sensor based on smooth TeO2 NWs. The smooth TeO2 NWs were grown directly from Te powder by thermal evaporation in air (i.e., without using O2
gas), while the bead‐like TeO2 NWs were synthesized by transporting the evaporated Te precursor indirectly using reactive O2
gas at flow rates of 20–40 sccm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the bead‐like TeO2 NWs had uneven surfaces on which protruding nanoparticles with sizes of 20–100 nm were attached. The nanoparticle size varied with the O2
flow rate used. The responses of the gas sensors based on the multi‐networked bead‐like TeO2 NWs were indicative of a higher change in their electrical resistance as well as better selectivity to NO2
gas than those of the sensor based on the smooth TeO2 NWs. The individual responses—to 50 ppm NO2
gas at 350 °C—of the sensors based on TeO2 NWs fabricated without using O2
, using O2
at 20 sccm, using O2
at 30 sccm, and using O2
at 40 sccm were 113, 188, 220, and 345%, respectively. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the improved performances of the bead‐like TeO2 NW‐based sensors are also discussed.
Using simulators for teaching computer organization and architecture
Authors: Prasad P. W. C. , Alsadoon Abeer , Beg Azam , Chan Anthony
Published: October 2015

An important problem in teaching the subjects of Computer Architecture and Organization (CO&CA) is the linking of the theoretical knowledge with the practical experience. Visualization of different computer hardware architectures with the use of the simulators enhances the learning process among students. Many useful computer simulators can help address this issue by covering various aspects of CO&CA. The programs range from simple simulators to specific teaching tools to advanced and specialized software. We assessed several simulators and selected one that was freely available and that enabled the students to learn the concepts to the fullest. This paper describes our experience of incorporating simulation tools into teaching the CO&CA to information technology and computing students. We demonstrate that the use of simulators helped students understand better how a computer was constructed and how it functioned internally. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:215–224, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21699
Introducing the super consumer
Authors: Flynn Leisa Reinecke , Goldsmith Ronald Earl
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose a new perspective on classifying or segmenting consumers by describing a minority of them who are uniquely motivated by high levels of status seeking, brand identification, and materialism. We term this segment of individuals “super consumers.” The data came from an online survey of 351 adult US consumers. A cluster analysis using these three variables as criteria produced a two‐cluster solution. Comparing mean scores between these two groups of consumers on measures of market mavenism, shopping frequency, amount of spending, age, and gender showed that the super consumers were significantly more likely to be market mavens, to shop more frequently, and to spend more than the other consumers were. The super consumers were younger in age as well, but there were no gender differences between the two groups. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning curves for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the PARTNER‐I trial: Success and safety
Authors: Minha Sa'ar , Waksman Ron , Satler Lowell P. , Torguson Rebecca , Alli Oluseun , Rihal Charanjit S. , Mack Michael , Svensson Lars G. , Rajeswaran Jeevanantham , Blackstone Eugene H. , Tuzcu E. Murat , Thourani Vinod H. , Makkar Raj , Ehrlinger John , Lowry Ashley M. , Suri Rakesh M. , Greason Kevin L. , Leon Martin B. , Holmes David R. , Pichard Augusto D.
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To identify number of cases needed to maximize device success and minimize adverse events after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF‐TAVR), and determine if adverse events were linked to the technical performance learning curve.

Background

TF‐TAVR is a complex procedure with an incompletely characterized learning curve for clinical outcomes.

Methods

From 4/2007–2/2012, 1521 patients underwent TF‐TAVR in the PARTNER‐I trial. Outcomes learning curves were defined as number of cases needed to reach a plateau for device success, adverse events, and post‐procedure length of stay. Institutional variation was accounted for by mixed‐model non‐linear techniques, which were also used to identify contribution of the procedure time learning curve to 30‐day major adverse events and length of stay.

Results

Eighty percent device success was achieved after 22 cases; major vascular complications fell below 5% after 70 cases and major bleeding below 10% after 25 cases. It took an average of 28 cases to achieve a consistent low risk of 30‐day major adverse events, but institutions entering in the middle of the trial achieved it after about 26. The most significant correlate of 30‐day major adverse events and post‐procedure length of stay was procedure time (P < 0.0001). However, this association was related to patient and unmeasured variables, not the procedure time learning curve (P = 0.6).

Conclusions

By end of trial, a consistent low risk of adverse events was achieved after ∼26 cases. However, these improved results were due to change in patient risk profile; outcomes were not linked to the technical performance learning curve. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recanalization of chronic total coronary occlusions—high success rate despite a restrictive use of the retrograde approach
Authors: Bijuklic Klaudija , Schwencke Carsten , Schofer Joachim
Published: October 2015

Aim

The retrograde approach in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly being used as a first‐line intervention despite a higher radiation exposure, contrast volume, and a higher major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate compared with the antegrade approach.

It was aimed to evaluate the overall success rate of CTO‐PCI over time when the retrograde approach was restrictively used only after a failed antegrade attempt.

Methods and Results

In a prospective single operator registry from January 2008 to December 2012 about 436 consecutive patients underwent a CTO‐PCI.

Mean age was 63.4 ± 10.3 years, and 86% were male. The overall success rate improved significantly over time [68% (first quartile) to 91% (fourth quartile), P < 0.001] due to a significant increase of the antegrade success rate. This could be achieved by a retrograde approach of less than 20% with no change over time. The overall in‐hospital MACE rate was 0.69% with no difference between antegrade and retrograde procedures.

Conclusions

A high CTO‐PCI success rate of above 90% could be achieved with a restrictive use of the retrograde technique. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractional flow reserve‐guided paclitaxel‐coated balloon treatment for de novo coronary lesions
Authors: Shin Eun‐Seok , Ann Soe Hee , Balbir Singh Gillian , Lim Kyung Hun , Kleber Franz X. , Koo Bon‐Kwon
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To assess the safety and efficacy of fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided paclitaxel‐coated balloon (PCB) treatment for de novo coronary artery lesions. Background: There is limited data on PCB treatment for de novo lesions especially of major epicardial coronary arteries.

Methods

Sixty‐six patients with 67 de novo lesions who underwent successful plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) were included. If POBA‐FFR was favorable (≥ 0.85), PCB was applied and if POBA‐FFR was <0.85, stent implantation was preferred over PCB.

Results

Forty‐five lesions were treated with PCB (67.2%) and 22 lesions with stents (32.8%). Dual antiplatelet therapy duration was 6 weeks. Late luminal loss with PCB was significantly less than stent (0.05 ± 0.27 mm vs. 0.40 ± 0.54 mm, P = 0.022). The baseline FFR of target lesions was 0.69 ± 0.16 in PCB and 0.60 ± 0.11 in stent group (P = 0.015), however, the FFR at 9 months was not different between groups (0.85 ± 0.08 in PCB vs. 0.85 ± 0.05 in stent group, P = 0.973). At 1 year, one myocardial infarction and one target lesion revascularization related to in‐stent restenosis were detected, both in the stent group.

Conclusion

POBA‐FFR‐guided PCB treatment is safe and effective for de novo coronary lesions with good anatomical and physiological patency at mid‐term follow‐up. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of Methyl Oleate in Reactive‐Separation Systems
Authors: López‐Ramírez María Dolores , García‐Ventura Ulises Miguel , Barroso‐Muñoz Fabricio Omar , Segovia‐Hernández Juan Gabriel , Hernández Salvador
Published: October 2015

The esterification of oleic acid and methanol using sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst is studied in reactive‐separation systems. The conversion of the free fatty acid was investigated in two different experiments with the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid, amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time as variables. The conversion of the free fatty acid was found to depend strongly on the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid. The reaction time had a direct effect on the conversion of the free fatty acid, and this conversion decreased with higher temperature. These results were valuable for a preliminary study on biodiesel production, using an acid homogeneous catalyst in a reactive dividing‐wall distillation column.
Sulfur‐Based Catholyte Solution with a Glass‐Ceramic Membrane for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhao Yu , Thomas Morgan L. , Dutta Arghya , Byon Hye Ryung
Published: October 2015

Shuttling of soluble polysulfide species within electrodes is one of the most challenging issues in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The resulting deposition of polysulfide species reduces the conductivity of the metallic Li electrode and the quantity of active material. Here, we demonstrate pronounced suppression of polysulfide shuttle using a sulfide‐impermeable glass‐ceramic membrane, which is employed as separator between the positive and negative electrodes. As a result, highly stable Li–S electrochemistry occurs in the sulfur‐dissolving tetrahydrofuran catholyte solution, which provides good capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency for cycling. This demonstration holds promise for practical next‐generation batteries with marked reversibility and the possibility to increase the energy density when equipped with a catholyte flow‐through mode.
Total Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of Ascospiroketal A
Authors: Chang Stanley , Hur Soo , Britton Robert
Published: October 2015

The total synthesis of the marine fungus‐derived natural product ascospiroketal is described. This concise synthesis relies on a unique AgI‐promoted tandem cascade cyclization that provides direct access to the correctly configured tricyclic core of the natural product from a linear precursor. The synthesis of candidate stereostructures of ascospiroketal A allowed for the confident assignment of both the relative and absolute stereochemistry of this unusual octaketide.
Minimizing Aryloxy Elimination in RhI‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Aryloxyacrylic Acids using a Mixed‐Ligand Strategy
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling
Published: October 2015

The first example of efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging β‐aryloxyacrylic acids was realized using a RhI‐complex based on the heterocombination of a readily available chiral monodentate secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) and an achiral monodentate phosphine ligand as the catalyst. Excellent enantioselectivities (92–>99 % ee) were achieved for a wide variety of chiral β‐aryloxypropionic acids with minor aryloxy elimination in most cases. The resultant products were readily transformed into biologically active compounds through simple synthetic manipulations.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Isoschizogamine
Authors: Takada Akihiro , Fujiwara Hiroaki , Sugimoto Kenji , Ueda Hirofumi , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: October 2015

The total synthesis of (−)‐isoschizogamine was accomplished, featuring the construction of the quaternary carbon center by the modified Johnson–Claisen rearrangement in basic media and the facile assembly of the key tetracyclic quinolone intermediate through a cascade cyclization. The characteristic cyclic aminal was constructed by late‐stage CH functionalization at the position adjacent to the lactam nitrogen using a combination of CrO3 and nBu4NIO4 and subsequent Bi(OTf)3‐mediated cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc2NiMnO6: A Double‐Perovskite with a Magnetodielectric Response Driven by Multiple Magnetic Orders.
Authors: Guo Yanfeng , et al.
Published: October 2015

Sc2NiMnO6 is prepared by hot pressing of stoichiometric amounts of Sc2O3, NiO, and MnO2 (Pt capsules in belt‐type high‐pressure apparatus, 1373—1773 K, 6 GPa, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cd3[B2P4O14(OH)4]: A 3D Open‐Framework Cadmium Borophosphate with Unique Twisted 8‐Ring Channels.
Authors: Zhang Dan , Feng Yuquan , Li Guanghua , Yuan Hongming
Published: October 2015

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of Cd(OAc)2, H3BO3, and H3PO4 (autoclave, 180 °C, 8 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Molybdenum(VI) and Tungsten(VI) Oxoazides MO2(N3)2, MO2(N3)2·2CH3CN, (bipy)MO2(N3)2, and [MO2(N3)4]2‐ (M: Mo, W).
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Skotnitzki Juri , Fang Zongtang , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O.
Published: October 2015

The title compounds are prepared via fluoride‐azide exchange (caution: polyazides are very shock‐sensitive and can explode violently!) and characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, impact, friction, and thermal sensitivity data.
ChemInform Abstract: Detection and Characterization of Compounds in the Mn‐W‐Cl System Through a Combined Thermal Scanning ‐ XRD Approach.
Authors: Mos Agnieszka , Stroebele Markus , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: October 2015

Thermal scanning of the Mn—W—Cl system reveals the formation of four new compounds, MnxWCl6 (I), MnW2Cl10 (II), (Mn,W)1‐xCl2 (III), and MnW6Cl14 (IV) upon progressive reactions of WCl6 and Mn powder (sealed quartz tube, 125—500 °C, 2—21 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Al3AuIr: A New Compound in the Al—Au—Ir System.
Authors: Kadok Joris , de Weerd Marie‐Cecile , Boulet Pascal , Gaudry Emilie , Grin Yuri , Fournee Vincent , Ledieu Julian
Published: October 2015

Al3AuIr is found in the Al‐rich area of the Al—Au—Ir system by arc melting and annealing of the elements in nominal composition of Al65Au20Ir15 (Ta foil in evacuated quartz tubes, 950 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cp*Co(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Alkenylation of Benzamides with Ethylacrylate.
Authors: Suzuki Yudai , Sun Bo , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Kanai Motomu , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: October 2015

In this method ethyl acrylate exclusively couples to benzamides in the ortho‐position relative to the amide group yielding products with exclusive E configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Functionalization of Acetanilides under Solventless Conditions in a Ball Mill.
Authors: Hermann Gary N. , Becker Peter , Bolm Carsten
Published: October 2015

In a proof‐of‐principle study the first mechanochemically induced directed C—H functionalization is achieved in a ball mill.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Esters of Cyclopropane Carboxylic Acids via Tandem Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution—Michael Addition Process
Authors: Makosza Mieczyslaw , Bester Karol , Cmoch Piotr
Published: October 2015

18 examples
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Trifunctional Benzhydrazone Ligated Pd(II) Complex for Heck Reaction of Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Muthumari Subramanian , Mohan Nanjan , Ramesh Rengan
Published: October 2015

The catalyst is recycled and reused with gradual loss of its activity, thus yielding only trace amounts of products after the fifth catalytic cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Biarylmethane and Fused Heterocyclic Arene Synthesis via in situ Generated o‐ and/or p‐Naphthoquinone Methides.
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Kawajiri Takahiro , Asai Shota , Yasukawa Naoki , Shishido Yuko , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: October 2015

Substrates (I) and (IV) with an alkyl or silyl substituent at the 4‐position lead to the selective in situ formation of o‐naphthoquinone methides which undergo Friedel—Crafts 1,4‐addition to give 2‐benzyl‐1‐naphthol derivatives or [4 + 2]‐cycloaddition reactions to furnish fused heterocyclic arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3‐Aminobenzo[b]thiophene Scaffolds for the Preparation of Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Bagley Mark C. , Dwyer Jessica E. , Molina Maria D. Beltran , Rand Alexander W. , Rand Hayley L. , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O.
Published: October 2015

Starting from 2‐halobenzonitriles and methyl thioglycolate an efficient synthesis of 3‐aminobenzo[b]thiophenes is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic C—H Functionalization of Pyrrolones.
Authors: Liu Li‐wei , Wang Zhen‐zhen , Zhang Hui‐hui , Wang Wan‐shu , Zhang Ji‐zong , Tang Yu
Published: October 2015

An efficient method for the functionalization of pyrrolones has been developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrroles from β‐Enamines and Nitroolefins Catalyzed by I2 under High‐Speed Vibration Milling (HSVM).
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Yujin , Xing Mengming , Jia Jianhong , Han Liang , Ye Qing , Gao Jianrong
Published: October 2015

Polysubstituted pyrroles are synthesized from β‐enamines and nitroolefins in the presence of iodine as the catalyst using a high‐speed vibration milling (HSVM) technique under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Ligand‐Free Iron/Copper Cocatalyst for Nitrogen and Sulfur Cross‐Coupling Reaction with 6‐Iodoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine.
Authors: Tber Zahira , Hiebel Marie‐Aude , Akssira Mohamed , Guillaumet Gerald , Berteina‐Raboin Sabine
Published: October 2015

The Fe/Cu‐catalyst system enables the regioselective N‐arylation of common nitrogen heterocycles and the S‐arylation of a wide range of mercaptans including aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Quinone Methides: TFA‐Mediated Generation in Water and Trapping with Lactams and Styrenes.
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Abbat Sheenu , Mudududdla Ramesh , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Bharatam Prasad V. , Bharate Sandip B.
Published: October 2015

A facile TFA‐mediated protocol for the ortho‐amidomethylation of phenols is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Xanthones from the Fungus Penicillium sp. NH‐7‐1
Authors: Zhuang Yi‐Bin , Yin Hua , Zhang Xue‐Wen , Zhou Wei , Liu Tao
Published: October 2015

isolation and structure elucidation of drimiopsins G‐I (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Aplysiasecosterol A: A 9,11‐Secosteroid with an Unprecedented Tricyclic γ‐Diketone Structure from the Sea Hare Aplysia kurodai.
Authors: Kawamura Atsushi , Kita Masaki , Kigoshi Hideo
Published: October 2015

The title compound shows moderate cytotoxicity against human myelomonocytic leukemia cell line HL‐60.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approaches to the Synthesis of Canthin‐4‐one Alkaloids and Synthetic Analogues.
Authors: Tremmel Tim , Bracher Franz
Published: October 2015

Two novel approaches have been studied: the 1,3‐diketone and the isoxazole routes.
ChemInform Abstract: Controllable Coordination Self‐Assembly Based on Flexible Tripodal Ligands: From Finite Metallocages to Infinite Polycatenanes Step by Step
Authors: Chen Qihui , Chen Lian , Jiang Feilong , Hong Maochun
Published: October 2015

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Metal π Complexes of Reduced Arenes, Alkenes, and Alkynes: Bonding, Electronic Structure, and Comparison with Actinides and Other Electropositive Metals
Authors: Huang Wenliang , Diaconescu Paula L.
Published: October 2015

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Biaryl Compounds
Authors: Ma Gaoyuan , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: October 2015

Review: [63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of Chiral Materials via Self‐Assembly and Biomineralization of Peptides
Authors: Huang Zhehao , Che Shunai
Published: October 2015

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Avenues for the Synthesis of ent‐Kaurene Diterpenoids
Authors: Riehl Paul S. , DePorre Yvonne C. , Armaly Ahlam M. , Groso Emilia J. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: October 2015

Review: [92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conia‐Ene and Related Reactions
Authors: Hack Daniel , Bluemel Marcus , Chauhan Pankaj , Philipps Arne R. , Enders Dieter
Published: October 2015

Review: [99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Aqueous Biphasic Hydroformylation and Tsuji—Trost Reactions
Authors: Hapiot Frederic , Menuel Stephane , Bricout Herve , Tilloy Sebastien , Monflier Eric
Published: October 2015

Review: 93 refs.
Current understanding of subsea gas release: A review
Authors: Olsen Jan Erik , Skjetne Paal
Published: October 2015

In this paper we review the current understanding of bubble plumes discharged from subsea sources related to oil and gas production, and show how CFD can be applied for risk assessments. A general introduction to causes and risks is given. This is followed by a discussion of the physics that need to be accounted for before giving a brief review of the different modelling approaches employed today. The empirical and experimental knowledge base is also summarized. An example of how CFD can be applied to study gas releases is given. At the end we outline what is needed to advance current understanding of such releases and model their interaction with the surroundings. The scope of the review is limited to the fate of the gas and the flow induced by the ascending bubble plume in the water column. Atmospheric dispersion of surfacing gas is not considered.
Red Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticle Bioprobes: A Photostable Cytoplasmic Stain for Long Term In Vitro and In Vivo Visualization
Authors: Reddy E. Ramanjaneya , Yellanki Swapna , Medishetty Raghavendra , Konada Lahiri , Alamuru Neeraja P. , Haldar Devyani , Parsa Kishore V. L. , Kulkarni Pushkar , Rajadurai Marina
Published: October 2015

Development of efficient fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging is one of the emerging areas of nanobiotechnology. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel fluorescent chromophore, composed of a cytosine moiety connected to a modified 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole fluorescent tag by an aliphatic chain. Self‐assembly of the molecules in DMSO/H2O solution led to the formation of solution‐stable, red emissive, biocompatible, nontoxic nanoparticles (nano‐Cy‐Red). These nanoparticles were biocompatible and safe for all the tested biological organisms; the staining protocol was also simple and rapid. Nano‐Cy‐Red exhibited the ability to penetrate into mouse macrophages, cancer cells, and yeast and was retained in living cells for several generations serving as a cytoplasmic stain. Taking advantage of this property, we exploit the nano‐Cy‐Red dye for direct in vivo visualization of cancer cell migration up to 72 h post transplantation in zebrafish embryos.
Lipschitz Estimates in Almost‐Periodic Homogenization
Authors: Armstrong Scott N. , Shen Zhongwei
Published: October 2015

We establish uniform Lipschitz estimates for second‐order elliptic systems in divergence form with rapidly oscillating, almost‐periodic coefficients. We give interior estimates as well as estimates up to the boundary in bounded C1,α domains with either Dirichlet or Neumann data. The main results extend those in the periodic setting due to Avellaneda and Lin for interior and Dirichlet boundary estimates and later Kenig, Lin, and Shen for the Neumann boundary conditions. In contrast to these papers, our arguments are constructive (and thus the constants are in principle computable) and the results for the Neumann conditions are new even in the periodic setting, since we can treat nonsymmetric coefficients. We also obtain uniform W1,p estimates.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The limits of phenomenology: From behaviorism to drug testing and engineering design
Authors: Bar‐Yam Yaneer
Published: October 2015

It is widely believed that theory is useful in physics because it describes simple systems and that strictly empirical phenomenological approaches are necessary for complex biological and social systems. Here, we prove based on an analysis of the information that can be obtained from experimental observations that theory is even more essential in the understanding of complex systems. Implications of this proof revise the general understanding of how we can understand complex systems including the behaviorist approach to human behavior, problems with testing engineered systems, and medical experimentation for evaluating treatments and the Food and Drug Administration approval of medications. Each of these approaches are inherently limited in their ability to characterize real world systems due to the large number of conditions that can affect their behavior. Models are necessary as they can help to characterize behavior without requiring observations for all possible conditions. The testing of models by empirical observations enhances the utility of those observations. For systems for which adequate models have not been developed, or are not practical, the limitations of empirical testing lead to uncertainty in our knowledge and risks in individual, organizational, and social policy decisions. These risks should be recognized and inform our decisions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 181–189, 2016
A Thematic Analysis of Men's Experience With a Partner's Elective Abortion
Authors: Coyle Catherine T. , Rue Vincent M.
Published: October 2015

Research concerning men's experience with a partner's abortion is limited. To foster understanding of this topic, the authors used online surveys to gather data from men whose partners underwent induced abortion. A thematic analysis of men's comments about their experience revealed 3 salient themes: loss and grief, helplessness and/or victimization, and spiritual healing. Findings are discussed in terms of future research and counseling practices as they relate to pregnancy outcome decisions.
Developmental expression of estrogen receptor beta in the brain of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Ploskonka Stephanie D. , Eaton Jennifer L. , Carr Michael S. , Schmidt Jennifer V. , Cushing Bruce S.
Published: September 2015

Here, for the first time, the expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is characterized in the brains of the highly prosocial prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). ERβ immunoreactivity was compared in weanlings (postnatal Day 21) and adult males and females. The results indicate several major findings. First, unlike ERα, ERβ expression is not sexually dimorphic. Second, the adult pattern of ERβ‐IR is established at the time of weaning, as there were no age‐dependent effects on distribution. Finally, ERβ does not appear to be as widely distributed in voles compared with rats and mice. High levels of ERβ‐IR were observed in several regions/nuclei within the medial pre‐optic area, ventrolateral pre‐optic nuclei, and in the hypothalamus, especially in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. The visualization of ERβ in prairie voles is important as the socially monogamous prairie vole functions as a human relevant model system for studying the expression of social behavior and social deficit disorders. Future studies will now be able to determine the effect of treatments on the expression and/or development of ERβ in this highly social species. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 223–230, 2016.
Drosophila glob1 expresses dynamically and is required for development and oxidative stress response
Authors: Yadav Renu , Kundu Suman , Sarkar Surajit
Published: October 2015

Summary: Biological significance of the globin protein family could be ascertained by their conservation through archaea to human. Globin(s) have been “classically” studied as oxygen binding protein(s), with recent implications in a host of other physiological functions. Drosophila melanogaster possesses three globin genes (glob1, glob2, glob3) located at different cytogenetic positions. We have performed a comprehensive investigation on the cellular expression profile and functional relevance of glob1 in Drosophila development. A profound level of maternally contributed glob1 gene products was found during early embryogenesis. Subsequently, commencement of zygotic transcription leads to its strong expression in somatic muscles, gut primordia, fat bodies, tracheal cells, etc. Similarly, dynamic expression of glob1 was evident in most of the larval tissues, interestingly with high expression in dividing cells. Reduced expression of glob1 leads to various impairments and lethality during embryogenesis and larval development. A substantial increase in level of cellular ROS was also evident due to reduced expression of glob1 which consequently leads to locomotor impairment and early aging in surviving adult flies. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report which demonstrates that in addition to oxygen management, globin gene(s) are also involved in regulating various aspects of development in Drosophila. genesis 53:719–737, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.