bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photo‐controllable cationic homopolymerization and random copolymerization of vinyl ethers based on iridium salt photocatalyst
Authors: Guo Penghui , Feng Xiaohu , Liu Ruofan , Ding Wei , Shi Qisong , Jin Yushun , Wu Yibo
Published: April 2024

Temporal control of chain growth is a central challenge for photoinitiated active polymerization. In this work, we introduced an iridium salt complex‐based catalyst system to achieve fine temporal control of the chain growth process. By electrochemical analysis, compared with the pyran salt photocatalyst, it was found that the iridium salt complex could promote the chain transfer of active species to reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) reagent, thereby generating dormant species, which provided the possibility of time control of the polymerization process. Using this catalytic system, we successfully achieved homopolymerization of vinyl ethers with different substituents and random copolymerization with isobutyl vinyl ethers, which is not only pointed the way for broadening the monomer selection in the future, but also provided an innovative way to prepare new functionalized materials.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological study of new synthetic opioid hemorphin‐4 peptides containing sterically restricted nonnatural amino acids
Authors: Todorov Petar , Georgieva Stela , Trapella Claudio , Chakarov Kalin , Tchekalarova Jana , Pechlivanova Daniela , Cheshmedzhieva Diana , Fantinati Anna , Illuminati Davide
Published: April 2024

Some new hemorphin‐4 analogs with structures of Xxx‐Pro‐Trp‐Thr‐NH2 and Tyr‐Yyy‐Trp‐Thr‐NH2, where Xxx is 2‐amino‐3‐(4−hydroxy‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)propanoic acid or 2‐amino‐3‐(4‐dibenzylamino‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)propanoic acid, and Yyy is (2S,4S)‐4‐amino‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid, were synthesized and characterized by electrochemical and spectral analyses. In vivo anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities of peptide derivatives were studied after intracerebroventricular injection in mice. The therapeutic effects of the modified peptides on seizures and pain in mice were evaluated to provide valuable insights into the potential applications of the novel compounds. Electrochemical characterization showed that the compounds behave as weak protolytes and that they are in a soluble, stable molecular form at physiological pH values. The antioxidant activity of the peptides was evaluated with voltammetric analyses, which were confirmed by applying the 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl method. The compounds showed satisfactory results regarding their structural stability, reaching the desired centers for the manifestation of biological activity without hydrolysis processes at 37°C and physiological pH. Dm‐H4 and H4‐P1 exhibited 100% and 83% potency to suppress the psychomotor seizures in the 6‐Hz test compared to 67% activity of H4. Notably, only the H4‐P1 had efficacy in blocking the tonic component in the maximal electroshock test with a potency comparable to H4. All investigated peptides containing unnatural conformationally restricted amino acids showed antinociceptive effects. The analogs Db‐H4 and H4‐P1 showed the most pronounced and long‐lasting effect in both experimental models of pain induced by thermal and chemical stimuli. Dm‐H4 produced a dose‐dependent thermal antinociception and H4‐P2 inhibited only formalin‐induced pain behavior.
Breaking Down the Barriers between the Digital and the Real: Mixed Reality Applied to Battery Manufacturing R&D and Training
Authors: Denisart Lucie , Troncoso Javier F. , Loup‐Escande Emilie , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: April 2024

In a scenario in which the manufacturing of high‐performance, safe batteries on an unprecedented large scale is crucial for the energy transition and fight against climate change, research laboratories and cell production industries are facing challenges due to the lack of efficient data management and training tools. In this context, the use of intelligent devices plays an important role on the path towards the optimization of the manufacturing process and the enhancement of the battery performance while reducing production costs. In this Concept, we present an innovative Mixed Reality tool for efficient data collection and training in real‐time in battery research laboratories and battery manufacturing pilot lines, which runs on Microsoft HoloLens 2 glasses. We report a deep analysis on its ergonomic and usability aspects, and describe how we solved the problems found during its development. Thanks to this tool, users can collect data while keeping their hands free and receive advice in real time to design and build batteries with tailored properties. This optimizes data management in battery manufacturing environments. Now, thanks to our Mixed Reality application, users can collect data in the place of work, save this data automatically on a server and exploit it to receive advice and feedback to support their decision‐making and learning of the manufacturing process.
Waldorf, Montessori und Pestalozzi‐Hype? – Schulnamen im Spiegel der Geschichte der Pädagogik
Authors: Engelmann Sebastian , Weiand Katharina
Published: April 2024

Schools in Germany are frequently named after people. Thus, these persons are remembered in the public sphere. This article answers the question to what extent the school names in the federal state of Thuringia correspond with the history of scientific pedagogy. For this purpose, in a first step, the controversial discussion about key figures in pedagogy and history of education is presented. In a second step the entirety of all school names in Thuringia is considered and individual results are discussed. As a rule, it is not pedagogues who lend their names to schools but writers, artists and political figures. Only one fifth of all schools named after a person are named after educators. It is found that the key figures in pedagogy are rarely available as namesakes, whereas in practice successful school founders are preferred as name‐givers. Accordingly, the history of pedagogy is represented in a filtered way in school names. Based on these results, further research perspectives for research on school names are formulated.
Religious transmission and cultural negotiation in first‐generation Muslim migrant parents in Italy: A qualitative study
Authors: Miglietta Anna , El Brashy Dalia , Ricucci Roberta
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the interplay between acculturation and religion in the religious transmission of first‐generation Islamic parents in Italy. Based on the model of the Big Four Religious Dimension (BFRD) the study took a multidimensional approach to religiosity to gain a detailed understanding of the different facets of religiosity and their contribution to the overall process of cultural adaptation and intergenerational transmission of religious values. Eleven first‐generation Muslim parents (nine women; mean age: 48 years) participated in a semi‐structured interview. Results showed that the tension between the desire to ‘raise good Muslims’ and for their successful integration in a non‐Muslim context challenges different facets of religiosity opening spaces for cultural negotiation which leads parents to reconsider how religious rules and identity are passed on to second generation and to develop a more conscious approach to religiosity in migration. The ability to connect religious values and identity with the context of life was greater when parents have developed a balance between the dynamics of integration in the Italian or cross‐cultural spaces of everyday life and the spaces reserved for Muslims and had a high level of cultural capital. Practical implications for implementing policies of cultural and religious pluralism are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
An Updated Review on Functionalized Graphene as Sensitive Materials in Sensing of Pesticides
Authors: Pratap Singh Raman Anirudh , Thakur Gauri , Pandey Garima , Kumari Kamlesh , Singh Prashant
Published: April 2024

Numerous chemical pesticides were employed for a long time to manage pests, but their uncontrolled application harmed the health and the environment. Accurately quantifying pesticide residues is essential for risk evaluation and regulatory purposes. Numerous analytical methods have been developed and utilized to achieve sensitive and specific detection of pesticides in intricate sampl es like water, soil, food, and air. Electrochemical sensors based on amperometry, potentiometry, or impedance spectroscopy offer portable, rapid, and sensitive detection suitable for on‐site analysis. This study examines the potential of electrochemical sensors for the accurate evaluation of various effects of pesticides. Emphasizing the use of Graphene (GR), Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), and Graphdiyne composites, the study highlights their enhanced performance in pesticide sensing by stating the account of many actual sensors that have been made for specific pesticides. Computational studies provide valuable insights into the adsorption kinetics, binding energies, and electronic properties of pesticide‐graphene complexes, guiding the design and optimization of graphene‐based sensors with improved performance. Furthermore, the discussion extends to the emerging field of biopesticides. While the GR/GO/rGO based sensors hold immense future prospects, and their existing limitations have also been discussed, which need to be solved with future research.
Sudan black poisoning resulted in methemoglobinemia in a baby with congenital chyloperitoneum
Authors: Padari Helgi , Kipper Karin , Eelmäe Imbi , Nerman Jekaterina , Lintrop Mare , Metsvaht Tuuli
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Treatment of congenital chyloperitoneum is a challenge. Conservative methods may be ineffective. Preoperative visualization of the site of lymphatic leakage is crucial, but radiological imaging is technically complicated and may not provide sufficient information, especially in small patients. To ease the detection of lymphatic leakage during surgery, preoperative feeding with fat‐rich formula with Sudan Black has been recommended. However, administration of Sudan Black may result in life‐threatening methemoglobinemia and liver damage without any advantage of revealing leakage during surgery. We recommend preoperative feeding with pure fat‐rich formula.
Rare co‐occurrence of tonsillar follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and schizophrenia: A comprehensive study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jin Xiaoxi , Lian Liyan
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the infrequent occurrence of tonsillar follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) co‐existing with schizophrenia, presenting a comprehensive examination of clinical, pathological, and literature aspects. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on articles related to “schizophrenia” and “sarcoma,” with in‐depth analysis of included case reports. Clinical data, pathological findings, and patient follow‐up information were collected and synthesized. The study detailed a rare case of FDCS in the tonsil concurrent with schizophrenia, providing insights into diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up. A literature review of combined FDCS in the tonsil and schizophrenia cases highlighted their clinical and pathological characteristics. Eight case reports encompassing 11 patients diagnosed with sarcoma and schizophrenia were included. Surgical resection was the preferred primary treatment, while chemotherapy was suggested for recurrences. Instances of co‐occurring FDCS and schizophrenia were exceptionally limited, with tonsillar FDCS being particularly uncommon. The coexistence of tonsillar FDCS and schizophrenia was an exceptionally rare condition, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study contributed valuable insights into clinical and pathological practice through a systematic review, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management.
Productivity Prediction for the Progressive Freeze Desalination Process Using Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling
Authors: Najim Abdul
Published: April 2024

Predicting the productivity of the freeze desalination process is of key importance. This paper describes an analytical method to predict the productivity for the progressive freeze desalination process utilizing the rectangular channel crystallizer design. The mass of ice produced during the process is considered a measure of productivity. The model was developed using heat and mass transfer modeling. The effect of coolant temperature (from −8 to −16 °C), liquid flow rate (4400–6000 mL min−1), and initial salt concentration of the liquid (1.5–7 wt%) on the mass of ice produced was investigated. The analytical results of the mass of ice produced were compared with the experimental data. A plausible match was found between the analytical and experimental results, with an error range between 6 % and 9 %. The model can predict the mass of ice produced for given values of the initial salt concentration of the liquid, initial mass of the liquid, salt concentration of thawed ice, liquid flow rate, and coolant temperature.
Impact of tocilizumab on anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wang Xiangmin , Zhang Bingpei , Zhang Qing , Zhou Hongyuan , Sun Qian , Zhou Yi , Li Tianci , Zhou Dian , Shen Ziyuan , Zhang Jiaoli , Li Ping , Liang Aibin , Zhou Keshu , Han Lu , Hu Yongxian , Yang Yun , Cao Jiang , Li Zhenyu , Xu Kailin , Sang Wei
Published: April 2024

Background

Tocilizumab is commonly used for the management of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy–associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS). However, it remains unknown whether tocilizumab or its dosage affects the efficacy and safety of CAR T‐cell therapy. The objective of this multicenter retrospective study was to explore the impact of tocilizumab on CAR T‐cell therapy.

Methods

In total, 93 patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) receiving humanized anti‐CD19 CAR T cells were recruited from May 2016 to November 2022. Forty‐five patients received tocilizumab (tocilizumab group), whereas 48 patients did not (nontocilizumab group). Thirteen patients received >1 dose of tocilizumab. The primary end point was the effect of tocilizumab on the efficacy and safety of CAR T cells. Additionally, proliferation, killing, and cytokine assays of CAR T cells were performed in vitro in the presence of tocilizumab.

Results

The median age of the patients was 33 years, with 47 males and 46 females. Patients in the tocilizumab group showed similar complete response (CR) rate, overall survival (OS), and event‐free survival (EFS) compared with the nontocilizumab group. Compared with patients who received ≤1 dose of tocilizumab, receiving >1 dose of tocilizumab did not affect their CR rate, OS, or EFS. In the tocilizumab group, all patients experienced CRS and 26.7% experienced immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). In the nontocilizumab group, 64.6% of patients experienced CRS and 8.3% experienced ICANS. Up to 75% of ICANS and 87.5% of grade ≥3 ICANS occurred in the tocilizumab group. In vitro, tocilizumab did not impair the proliferation and killing effects of CAR T cells.

Conclusions

Tocilizumab does not affect the efficacy of CAR T cells but may increase the likelihood of ICANS.
A Novel Collagen Aerogel with Relevant Features for Topical Biomedical Applications
Authors: Batista Miguel P. , Schroeter Baldur , Fernández Naiara , Gaspar Frédéric Bustos , do Rosário Bronze Maria , Duarte Ana Rita , Gurikov Pavel
Published: April 2024

Collagen‐based aerogels have great potential for topical biomedical applications. Collagen's natural affinity with skin, biodegradability, and gelling behavior are compelling properties to combine with the structural integrity of highly porous matrices in the dry form (aerogels). This work aimed to produce a novel collagen‐based aerogel and to perform the material‘s solid‐state and physicochemical characterization. Aerogels were obtained by performing different solvent exchange approaches of a collagen‐gelled extract and drying the obtained alcogels with supercritical CO2. The resulting aerogels showed a sponge‐like structure with a relatively dense mesoporous network with a specific surface area of 201–203 m2/g, a specific pore volume of 1.08–1.15 cm3/g, and a mean pore radius of ca. 14.7 nm. Physicochemical characterization confirmed that the obtained aerogels are composed of pure collagen, and the aerogel production process does not impact protein tertiary structure. Finally, the material swelling behavior was assessed at various pH values (4, 7, and 10). Collagen aerogels presented a high water uptake capacity up to ~2700 wt. %, pH‐dependent stability, and swelling behavior in aqueous media. The results suggest that this collagen aerogel could be a promising scaffold candidate for topical biomedical applications.
Affordable Method for Hematocrit Determination in Murine Models
Authors: Branfield Siobhan , Washington A. Valance , Manfredi Barbara
Published: April 2024

Hematocrit (Hct) is a powerful tool often used in a clinical setting for the diagnosis of blood conditions such as anemia. It is also used in the research field as a hematological parameter in both human and mouse models. Measuring Hct, however, involves the use of expensive standardized equipment (such as a CritSpin™ Microhematocrit Centrifuge). Here, we describe a novel, simple, and affordable method to determine the Hct in untreated wild‐type (WT) mice and phenylhydrazine (PHZ)‐induced anemic mice with reasonable accuracy, using a benchtop centrifuge commonly available in laboratories. Hct of murine samples processed with a benchtop centrifuge, when compared to the standardized method CritSpin™, showed comparable results. This approach for determining Hct of murine can prove useful to research laboratories that cannot afford specialized equipment for Hct studies. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Affordable Method for Hematocrit Determination in Murine Models

Basic Protocol 2: Murine Sample Validation

Support Protocol: Phenylhydrazine‐induced anemia in wild‐type (WT) mice
On the Chemical Pathways Influencing the Effective Global Warming Potential of Commercial Hydrofluoroolefin Gases
Authors: Salierno Gabriel
Published: April 2024

The enforcement of a global hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant phase down led to the introduction of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) as a low Global Warming Potential (GWP) substitute, given their low atmospheric lifetime. However, to this date it is not fully clear the long‐term atmospheric fate of HFOs primary degradation products: trifluoro acetaldehyde (TFE), trifluoro acetyl fluoride (TFF), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). It particularly concerns the possibility of forming HFC‐23, a potent global warming agent. Although the atmospheric reaction networks of TFE, TFF, and TFA have a fair level of complexity, the relevant atmospheric chemical pathways are well characterized in the literature, enabling a comprehensive hazard assessment of HFC‐23 formation as a secondary HFO breakdown product in diverse scenarios. A lower bound of the HFOs effective GWP in a baseline scenario is found above regulatory thresholds. While further research is crucial to refine climate risk assessments, the existing evidence suggests a non‐negligible climate hazard associated with HFOs.
Improved solar photovoltaic performance in standalone low‐voltage direct current microgrids using sensor fault tolerant control
Authors: Satya Sai Chandra M. V. , Mohapatro Sankarsan
Published: April 2024

The advancement of renewable energy technology has been significantly aided by solar photovoltaics (PV). Since solar PV is a weather‐dependent source, it cannot be dispatched. To ensure that the solar PV system can harvest the maximum amount of electricity for the available irradiance level, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used. For standalone low‐voltage DC (LVDC) microgrids to utilize the energy storage system as efficiently as possible, maximum power extraction is essential. The sensed PV voltage and current are essential for these MPPT algorithms to ensure that the maximum power point of the panel is captured. This work proposes an effective fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme for the solar PV subsystem in the LVDC microgrid that can seamlessly extract the maximum power despite the PV voltage sensor being faulty. The proposed FTC scheme uses a sliding mode observer (SMO)‐based method to detect and isolate PV voltage sensor faults in the standalone LVDC microgrid. The efficacy of the proposed FTC is assessed in a range of circumstances involving load disturbance, irradiance change, and various sensor fault scenarios. The performance of the proposed FTC is validated using experimental analysis on the LVDC microgrid testbed and MATLAB simulations. Given a faulty PV voltage sensor, at a given operating condition of the microgrid, the proposed FTC scheme is successful in reducing the additional power burden on the battery storage by at least two times. Consequently, the additional discharge in terms of SoC is also seen to be decreased by at least 9%. The proposed FTC technique outperforms the popular MPPT approaches for solar PV in terms of PV voltage sensor fault tolerance in the microgrid.
ALSTNet: Autoencoder fused long‐ and short‐term time‐series network for the prediction of tunnel structure
Authors: Du Bowen , Liang Haohan , Wang Yuhang , Ye Junchen , Tan Xuyan , Chen Weizhong
Published: April 2024

It is crucial to predict future mechanical behaviors for the prevention of structural disasters. Especially for underground construction, the structural mechanical behaviors are affected by multiple internal and external factors due to the complex conditions. Given that the existing models fail to take into account all the factors and accurate prediction of the multiple time series simultaneously is difficult using these models, this study proposed an improved prediction model through the autoencoder fused long‐ and short‐term time‐series network driven by the mass number of monitoring data. Then, the proposed model was formalized on multiple time series of strain monitoring data. Also, the discussion analysis with a classical baseline and an ablation experiment was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the prediction model. As the results indicate, the proposed model shows obvious superiority in predicting the future mechanical behaviors of structures. As a case study, the presented model was applied to the Nanjing Dinghuaimen tunnel to predict the stain variation on a different time scale in the future.
Evolution law of pulsating seepage and thermal deformation by injecting high‐temperature steam into coal for thermal coalbed methane recovery
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Li Junliang , Chen Jinsheng , Karrech Ali , Zhang Ningchao , Chang Ju , Jin Kaiqi , Yu Yangyang , Wang Hongbin , Wang Aijie
Published: April 2024

Chinese coal reservoirs are characterized by low pressure and low permeability, which need to be enhanced so as to increase production. However, conventional methods for permeability enhancement can only increase the permeability in fractures, but not the ultra‐low permeability in coal matrices. Attempts to enhance such impermeable structures lead to rapid attenuation of gas production, especially in the late stage of gas extraction. Thermal stimulation by injecting high‐temperature steam is a promising method to increase gas production. The critical scientific challenges that still hinder its widespread application are related to the evolution law of permeability of high‐temperature steam in coal and the thermal deformation of coal. In this study, an experimental approach is developed to explore the high‐temperature steam seepage coupled with the thermal deformation in coal under triaxial stress. The tests were conducted using cylindrical coal specimens of ϕ50 mm × 100 mm. The permeability and thermal strain in coal were investigated when high‐temperature steam was injected at 151.11, 183.20, 213.65, and 239.76°C. The experimental results reveal for the first time that as the amount of injected fluid increases, the steam permeability shows periodic pulsation changes. This paper introduces and explains the main traits of this discovery that may shed more light on the seepage phenomenon. When the injected steam temperature increases, the amplitude of pulsating permeability decreases, whereas the frequency increases; meanwhile, the period becomes shorter, the pulsation peak appears earlier, and the stabilization time becomes longer. The average peak permeability shows a “U‐shaped” trend, decreasing first and then increasing as the steam temperature increases. Meanwhile, with the extension of steam injection time, the axial, radial, and volumetric strains of coal show a stage‐wise expansion characteristic at different temperatures of steam injection, except for the radial strains at 151.11°C. A two‐phase flow theory of gas–liquid is adopted to elucidate the mechanism of pulsating seepage of steam. Moreover, the influencing mechanism of inward and outward thermal expansion on the permeability of coal is interpreted. The results presented in this paper provide new insight into the feasibility of thermal gas recovery by steam injection.
Variable parallelism in the genomic basis of age at maturity across spatial scales in Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Kess Tony , Lehnert Sarah J. , Bentzen Paul , Duffy Steven , Messmer Amber , Dempson J. Brian , Newport Jason , Whidden Christopher , Robertson Martha J. , Chaput Gerald , Breau Cindy , April Julien , Gillis Carole‐Anne , Kent Matthew , Nugent Cameron M. , Bradbury Ian R.
Published: April 2024

Complex traits often exhibit complex underlying genetic architectures resulting from a combination of evolution from standing variation, hard and soft sweeps, and alleles of varying effect size. Increasingly, studies implicate both large‐effect loci and polygenic patterns underpinning adaptation, but the extent that common genetic architectures are utilized during repeated adaptation is not well understood. Sea age or age at maturation represents a significant life history trait in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), the genetic basis of which has been studied extensively in European Atlantic populations, with repeated identification of large‐effect loci. However, the genetic basis of sea age within North American Atlantic Salmon populations remains unclear, as does the potential for a parallel trans‐Atlantic genomic basis to sea age. Here, we used a large single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and low‐coverage whole‐genome resequencing to explore the genomic basis of sea age variation in North American Atlantic Salmon. We found significant associations at the gene and SNP level with a large‐effect locus (vgll3) previously identified in European populations, indicating genetic parallelism, but found that this pattern varied based on both sex and geographic region. We also identified nonrepeated sets of highly predictive loci associated with sea age among populations and sexes within North America, indicating polygenicity and low rates of genomic parallelism. Despite low genome‐wide parallelism, we uncovered a set of conserved molecular pathways associated with sea age that were consistently enriched among comparisons, including calcium signaling, MapK signaling, focal adhesion, and phosphatidylinositol signaling. Together, our results indicate parallelism of the molecular basis of sea age in North American Atlantic Salmon across large‐effect genes and molecular pathways despite population‐specific patterns of polygenicity. These findings reveal roles for both contingency and repeated adaptation at the molecular level in the evolution of life history variation.
Video evidence that cuckoos farm their hosts by ejecting nestlings
Authors: Zhang Jinggang , Santema Peter , Li Jianqiang , Deng Wenhong , Kempenaers Bart
Published: April 2024

When host nests are scarce, avian brood parasites would benefit from behaviours that increase the availability of suitable nests. Several studies reported ejection of host nestlings from nests by brood parasites; however, whether brood parasites do so to induce the host to re‐nest and thus increase opportunities for future parasitism (i.e. ‘farming’ behaviour) remains unclear. Here, we report observational evidence of farming behaviour by a common cuckoo Cuculus canorus female in a Daurian redstart Phoenicurus auroreus population: (1) the cuckoo destroyed a host nest by ejecting all nestlings, (2) the host then produced a new nest and (3) the cuckoo successfully parasitized the replacement nest. We suggest that farming behaviour may be more common, but often goes undetected because it requires intense nest monitoring.
Genetic analysis of Octopus cyanea reveals high gene flow in the South‐West Indian Ocean
Authors: Treleven Charles R. , Kishe Mary A. , Silas Mathew O. , Ngatunga Benjamin P. , Kuboja Bigeyo N. , Mgeleka Said S. , Taylor Amy L. , Elsmore Megan A. M. , Healey Amy J. E. , Sauer Warwick H. H. , Shaw Paul W. , McKeown Niall J.
Published: April 2024

Octopus cyanea (Gray, 1849), abundant in the South‐West Indian Ocean (SWIO), constitutes a vital resource for both subsistence and commercial fisheries. However, despite this socioeconomic importance, and recent indications of overfishing, little is known about the population structure of O. cyanea in the region. To inform sustainable management strategies, this study assessed the spatio‐temporal population structure and genetic variability of O. cyanea at 20 sites in the SWIO (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, and the Seychelle Islands) by complementary analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) noncoding region (NCR) sequences and microsatellite markers. MtDNA analysis revealed a shallow phylogeny across the region, with demographic tests suggesting historic population fluctuations that could be linked to glacial cycles. Contrary to expectations, NCR variation was comparable to other mtDNA regions, indicating that the NCR is not a hypervariable region. Both nuclear and mtDNA marker types revealed a lack of genetic structure compatible with high gene flow throughout the region. As adults are sedentary, this gene flow likely reflects connectivity by paralarval dispersal. All samples reported heterozygote deficits, which, given the overall absence of structure, likely reflect ephemeral larval recruitment variability. Levels of mtDNA and nuclear variability were similar at all locations and congruent with those previously reported for harvested Octopodidae, implying resilience to genetic erosion by drift, providing current stock sizes are maintained. However, as O. cyanea stocks in the SWIO represent a single, highly connected population, fisheries may benefit from additional management measures, such as rotational closures aligned with paralarval ecology and spanning geopolitical boundaries.
Corydalis sunhangii (Papaveraceae): A new species from Xizang, China, based on plastome and morphological data
Authors: Chen Jun‐Tong , Lidén Magnus , Huang Xian‐Han , Yang Shun‐Quan , Zhang Xin‐Jian , Liu Qun , Su Qi‐Lun , Hua Guo‐Jun , Luo Jian , Deng Tao
Published: April 2024

A new species of Papaveraceae, Corydalis sunhangii, in the section Trachycarpae, is described and illustrated from Nyingchi City, Xizang, China. The new species has some resemblance to Corydalis kingdonis, but differs by radical leaves prominent, usually several, blade tripinnate (vs. insignificant, few, blade bi‐ to triternate); cauline leaf usually one, much smaller than radical leaves, usually situated in lower half of stem (vs. usually two, larger than radical leaves, concentrated in upper third of stem); racemes densely 13–35‐flowered (vs. rather lax, 4–11‐flowered); claw of lower petal shallowly saccate (vs. very prominently and deeply saccate); capsule oblong, with raised lines of dense papillae (vs. broadly obovoid, smooth). Phylogenetic analysis, based on 68 protein‐coding plastid genes of 49 samples, shows that C. sunhangii is not closely related to any hitherto described species, which is consistent with our morphological analysis.
The efficacy of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program surgical risk calculator in head and neck surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Harris Jacob , Ahluwalia Vinayak , Xu Katherine , Romeo Dominic , Fritz Christian , Rajasekaran Karthik
Published: April 2024

Background

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program surgical risk calculator (SRC) estimates the risk for postoperative complications. This meta‐analysis assesses the efficacy of the SRC in the field of head and neck surgery.

Methods

A systematic review identified studies comparing the SRC's predictions to observed outcomes following head and neck surgeries. Predictive accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and Brier scoring.

Results

Nine studies totaling 1774 patients were included. The SRC underpredicted the risk of all outcomes (including any complication [observed (ob) = 35.9%, predicted (pr) = 21.8%] and serious complication [ob = 28.7%, pr = 17.0%]) except mortality (ob = 0.37%, pr = 1.55%). The observed length of stay was more than twice the predicted length (p < 0.02). Discrimination was acceptable for postoperative pneumonia (AUC = 0.778) and urinary tract infection (AUC = 0.782) only. Predictive accuracy was low for all outcomes (Brier scores ≥0.01) and comparable for patients with and without free‐flap reconstructions.

Conclusion

The SRC is an ineffective instrument for predicting outcomes in head and neck surgery.
Differences in survival and recurrence of colorectal cancer by stage across population‐based European registries
Authors: Bouvier Anne‐Marie , Jooste Valérie , Lillini Roberto , Marcos‐Gragera Rafael , Katalinic Alexander , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Launoy Guy , Bouvier Véronique , Guevara Marcela , Ardanaz Eva , Rapiti Aylward Elisabetta , Innos Kaire , Barranco Miguel Rodríguez , Sant Milena ,   for the European High Resolution Working Group on Colorectum
Published: April 2024

Recurrence after colorectal cancer resection is rarely documented in the general population while a key clinical determinant for patient survival. We identified 8785 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2013 and clinically followed up to 2020 in 15 cancer registries from seven European countries (Bulgaria, Switzerland, Germany, Estonia, France, Italy, and Spain). We estimated world age‐standardized net survival using a flexible cumulative excess hazard model. Recurrence rates were calculated for patients with initially resected stage I, II, or III cancer in six countries, using the actuarial survival method. The proportion of nonmetastatic resected colorectal cancers varied from 58.6% to 78.5% according to countries. The overall 5‐year net survival by country ranged between 60.8% and 74.5%. The absolute difference between the 5‐year survival extremes was 12.8 points for stage II (Bulgaria vs Switzerland), 19.7 points for stage III (Bulgaria vs. Switzerland) and 14.8 points for Stage IV and unresected cases (Bulgaria vs. Switzerland or France). Five‐year cumulative rate of recurrence among resected patients with stage I–III was 17.7%. As compared to the mean of the whole cohort, the risk of developing a recurrence did not differ between countries except a lower risk in Italy for both stage I/II and stage III cancers and a higher risk in Spain for stage III. Survival after colorectal cancer differed across the concerned European countries while there were slight differences in recurrence rates. Population‐based collection of cancer recurrence information is crucial to enhance efforts for evidence‐based management of colorectal cancer follow up.
Clinical efficacy of tumor organoid‐guided cancer therapy for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Lin Ying‐yi , Gao Hong‐fei , Li Hong , Hu Qiong , Du Bo‐le , Li Sheng , Xu Fang‐ping , Cheng Min‐yi , Zou Jia‐chen , Zheng Xing‐xing , Zhu Teng , Wang Kun
Published: April 2024

Patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) may facilitate treatment selection. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the feasibility and clinical benefit of using PDOs to guide personalized treatment in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients diagnosed with MBC were recruited between January 2019 and August 2022. PDOs were established and the efficacy of customized drug panels was determined by measuring cell mortality after drug exposure. Patients receiving organoid‐guided treatment (OGT) were matched 1:2 by nearest neighbor propensity scores with patients receiving treatment of physician's choice (TPC). The primary outcome was progression‐free survival. Secondary outcomes included objective response rate and disease control rate. Targeted gene sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Forty‐six PDOs (46 of 51, 90.2%) were generated from 45 MBC patients. PDO drug screening showed an accuracy of 78.4% (95% CI 64.9%–91.9%) in predicting clinical responses. Thirty‐six OGT patients were matched to 69 TPC patients. OGT was associated with prolonged median progression‐free survival (11.0 months vs. 5.0 months; hazard ratio 0.53 [95% CI 0.33–0.85]; p = .01) and improved disease control (88.9% vs. 63.8%; odd ratio 4.26 [1.44–18.62]) compared with TPC. The objective response rate of both groups was similar. Pathway enrichment analysis in hormone receptor‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative patients demonstrated differentially modulated pathways implicated in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation in those with reduced response to capecitabine/gemcitabine, and pathways associated with cell cycle regulation in those with reduced response to palbociclib. Our study shows that PDO‐based functional precision medicine is a feasible and effective strategy for MBC treatment optimization and customization.
Longitudinal change in symptoms of depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic among Mexican college students
Authors: Martinez‐Torteya Cecilia , Ramírez Hernández Laura I. , la Garza Beatriz Treviño‐de , Pérez Tello Karla P. , Díaz Delgado Bertha A.
Published: April 2024

Longitudinal studies suggest the psychological difficulties precipitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic have gradually declined, but our understanding of the factors that predict change in mental health is limited. We evaluated the mental health of Mexican college students during the early stage of the pandemic and 4 months later, as well as predictors of change in students' mental health. Participants were 648 students (71% women, Mage = 21.46) from a private University in Northern Mexico who completed online surveys from May 2020 to September 2020. Students' self‐reported levels of mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder) significantly decreased from May to September. Poor physical health, more COVID‐related worry and higher initial levels of peer social support predicted less change in psychological symptoms. On the other hand, more hours of sleep per night and a pre‐existing mental health diagnosis predicted steeper decreases in symptoms. Findings suggest reductions in mental health difficulties that are consistent with theoretical frameworks of resilience among Mexican college students. In addition, results underscore the interplay between physical, psychological and social functioning, and the need for continued monitoring of mental health and intervention efforts that address physical health, sleep and pandemic‐related worry in University settings.
Light exposure and its applications in human health
Authors: Li Angze , Wei Xiaoling , Xie Yajia , Ren Yi , Zhu Xi , Liu Muqing , Liu Shangfeng
Published: April 2024

Light exposure has been proven to have a significant impact on human health. As a result, researchers are increasingly exploring its potential benefits and drawbacks. With advancements in understanding light and the manufacturing of light sources, modern health lighting has become widely utilized in daily life and plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of various illnesses. The use of light in healthcare is a global trend, with many countries actively promoting the development and application of relevant scientific research and medical technology. This field has gained worldwide attention and support from scientists and doctors alike. In this review, we examine the application of lighting in human health and recent breakthroughs in light exposure related to pathology, therapeutic strategies, molecular changes, and more. Finally, we also discuss potential future developments and areas of application.
Climate change exacerbates the compounding of heat stress and flooding in the mid‐latitudes
Authors: Treppiedi Dario , Villarini Gabriele , Noto Leonardo V.
Published: April 2024

Heat stress and flood impacts have been extensively studied separately because of their significant societal and economic impacts, albeit apart from each other. Here we show that heat stress can trigger floods across large areas of North and South America, southern Africa, Asia and eastern Australia. We also show that the compounding of heat stress and floods is projected to worsen under climate change. This effect is magnified as we move from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) 1–2.6 to 5–8.5. Moreover, in the future, the compounding between heat stress and floods is projected to extend to Europe and Russia, two areas where it has not been identified as relevant in the past. Moreover, by intersecting our results with future projections of the population of urban agglomerations, we find that heat stress/flood compound can pose a serious risk to a large portion of the world population. These results highlight the need towards improved preparation and mitigation measures that account for the compound nature of heat stress and flooding, and how the compounding is expected to be exacerbated because of climate change.
In‐panel ambient light eliminating differential circuit applied to active pixel fingerprint sensor
Authors: Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Yuan Yi‐Cheng , Chen Chih‐Yang , Lee Te‐Yu
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a novel approach to counter the influence of ambient light on photodetectors used in applications like biometric recognition and environmental sensing. The proposed solution introduces a circuit‐based technique that utilizes signal differencing to subtract ambient light signals before they reach the integrated circuit (IC). The process involves row and column differential signals, akin to analog circuit differential amplifiers. Simulations validate the circuit's functionality, showing its effectiveness in reducing ambient light impact. However, image reconstruction after differencing introduces blurriness due to the accumulation of noise. An alternative bidirectional fusion method is suggested, resulting in a clearer representation of features without noise accumulation. This innovative approach promises to enhance photodetector performance in challenging lighting conditions for various applications.
Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Olfactory Sensitivity for Trigger Odorants in Parosmia and Phantosmia
Authors: Sekine Rumi , Hernandez Anna Kristina , Overbeck Clara , Hofer Marlise K. , Mori Eri , Hähner Antje , Hummel Thomas
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with qualitative olfactory dysfunction (qualOD) and whether individuals with parosmia exhibit increased olfactory sensitivity to previously reported odorous triggers of parosmia.

Methods

This study included individuals aged ≥18 years, divided into quantitative OD only, parosmia, and phantosmia groups. Data collected included: clinical‐demographic data, “Sniffin’ Sticks” scores, questionnaires (depression scale, importance of olfaction), and information about parosmia and phantosmia. A proportion of patients underwent trigger odor threshold testing for 2‐Furfurylthiol [FFT] found in coffee and 2,6‐nonadienal [Nonadienal] found in cucumber.

Results

Those with parosmia were typically younger women, with shorter OD duration due to post‐viral OD (PVOD), hyposmic/normosmic, and experienced parosmia more severely. Parosmia was 3.5 times more likely in PVOD. Those with phantosmia were older, with longer OD duration due to idiopathic OD, hyposmic/anosmic, and experienced phantosmia less severely. There were no significant differences between FFT and Nonadienal threshold scores in patients with parosmia, phantosmia, or only quantitative OD, but all groups had significantly increased olfactory sensitivity for trigger odors compared to phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA).

Conclusion

Parosmia and phantosmia patients have distinct characteristics. This may provide clinicians with a better understanding of possible olfactory outcomes in these patients. The higher olfactory sensitivity of all groups to trigger odors compared to PEA raises interesting points about parosmia triggers and odors in the context of warning for danger, in relation to the pathophysiology of parosmia that may be worth exploring in future studies.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:3277–3285, 2024
Structural Features of the Porous Network of Poly(Urethane) Aerogels via Gas Permeability Measurements
Authors: Beyerlein Gerd‐Sebastian , Ratke Lorenz
Published: April 2024

The permeability for gases through polyurethane (PUR) aerogels prepared from unsorted PUR scraps by means of a recycling technique is measured with a dynamic pressure method. The permeabilities are in the range of 10−15 to 10−13 m2 and thus reflect the pore morphology observed with scanning electron microscopy. The permeability depends on the envelope density and microstructural features of the aerogels and decreases with increasing inner surface area. The comparison of the permeability with the Porod constant, which is obtained independently via small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), yields a high consistency with the expected theoretical relationship. However, a calculation of inner surface area based on permeability yields lower results than expected from data based on the established SAXS technique, revealing that the famous Carman–Kozeny law correlates only by trend, which is attributed to additional gas transport through the micro‐ and mesopores. A possible approach for the correlation of this behavior to the tortuosity is given. Several models accounting for the combined action of viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, and molecular slip along pore walls are fitted to the experimental data, effectively qualifying the permeability measurement as time‐efficient and inexpensive technique for the characterization of structural features of aerogels.
The influence effect of regional carbon emission reduction under the perspective of fiscal decentralization: Government intervention or market mechanism?
Authors: Li Chuang , Li Keke , Wang Liping
Published: April 2024

Based on the perspective of fiscal decentralization, the study focuses on 30 provinces in China and employs various econometric models including the threshold model, spatial econometric model, mediation model, and regulation model. The research findings indicate that fiscal decentralization has a double‐threshold effect on government intervention, market mechanisms, and regional carbon emission reduction. Both government intervention and market mechanisms have inhibiting effects on carbon emission, with significant coefficients of GOVI and MARM at the 1% level. The cooperation between government intervention and the market mechanism effectively limits carbon emissions. Government intervention facilitates regional carbon emission reduction through the construction of new infrastructures and energy structure transformation, yielding a significant intermediary effect. The market mechanism is positively regulated through green finance and technology innovation to promote regional carbon emission reduction. Moreover, government intervention enables the market to achieve carbon emission reduction more effectively, especially in areas with a higher degree of government intervention. Continuous improvement and upgrading of regional and national carbon markets are essential to attain the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Furthermore, attracting more participants to these markets for emission control subjects is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of government–market coordination.