bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Teaching Philosophy
Authors: Kanga Anne W.
Published: February 2016

This chapter examines the importance of an educator's “teaching philosophy” as a major prerequisite for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Teacher Education. The critical need for this examination is guided by the complex nature of challenges that educational institutions are continually faced with such as, diversity, students' awareness of their rights, ethnicity and negative ethnicity, information technology, capitalism and commodification of the educational enterprise, international competitiveness in both teaching and learning among others. Further, quality driven ESD programmes are currently a global concern. To guide this study were the following research questions: What is Sustainable Development/ (SD) and ESD? What is a teaching philosophy? What is the purpose of a teaching philosophy? What should inform an educator's teaching philosophy? In which ways can an educator implement his/her teaching philosophy? And, what characterizes a clear teaching philosophy? Finally, recommendations that can inform theory, policy and practice are presented.
Promoting Culturally Responsive Pedagogical Competence among Preservice Teachers
Authors: Adjei-Boateng Emmanuel
Published: February 2016

This chapter examines primary issues confronting preservice teacher preparation in the US public schools. There are several issues confronting teaching and teacher education programs. However, this chapter explores cultural and linguistic diversity issues given the critical need for inclusive education. The increasing nature of demographic changes in the schools and the U.S. society also has ramifications for students' learning and preservice teacher preparation. To that end, this chapter examines efforts by organizations and educational researchers to respond to the phenomenon of demographic changes in US public schools and the need to equip teachers with competencies needed to help students become successful in schools. The author examines how one teacher education program is preparing teachers to meet the demands of teaching culturally and linguistically diverse student population. Finally, the author provides suggestions on how to improve and enhance culturally responsive pedagogical competence among preservice teachers.
Globalization and Teacher Education
Authors: Ntuli Esther , Nyarambi Arnold , Agamba Joachim Jack , Ntuli Victor
Published: February 2016

This chapter examines the challenges to 21st century content preparation and pedagogy from the perspective of teaching professionals from different African countries: Cameroon, Ghana, South Africa, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Specifically, the chapter explores the views and experiences of the participants during and after teacher preparation programs. Findings reveal common challenges, specific 21st century skills that are overlooked, and those not yet fully integrated in teacher preparation programs. The chapter offers suggestions for improvement based on the views of participants, research-based literature review, and best practices in teacher preparation programs.
School Home Interactive Curriculum Development
Authors: Morrison Peggy
Published: February 2016

The chapter describes School Home Interactive Curriculum Development, a process of structured collaboration between educators and families used to cyclically co-construct thematic, interdisciplinary curriculum units in first grade classrooms of a Spanish/English Dual Language Immersion bilingual program. While not a formal case study, the chapter describes the case of the authentic situation where classroom teachers partnered with families of historically disenfranchised communities (linguistic, immigrant, economic) to develop culturally responsive pedagogy and practice in public school classrooms. The process was sustained and refined over a six-year period. A primary aim of this process was to legitimize the knowledge and perspectives of the families and communities within the public school institution and to support students to develop a sense of agency as owners and creators of valuable knowledge.
Are Teaching Practices Suitable for Classes of Six-Year-Old Children?
Authors: Wajskop Gisela
Published: February 2016

The present study is the result of an investigation carried out for eight months, from March to October 2006, comprises Grade 1 classes at the São Paulo Public Education System, Brazil. Forty teacher students performing literacy activities during their pre-service activities simultaneously conducted this action research in 40 Grade 1. Six-year-old children were moved from preschool education to elementary schools since 2006 in order to respect the legal determinations defined by the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Brasil, 1996), which expanded basic education from 8 to 9 years. Such democratic governmental action, however, has raised issues concerning the way very young children are taught in a typically school-like context. From this perspective, our study enables us to raise sociocultural problems regarding the non-inclusive pedagogical practices in use. Results show non-inclusive pedagogical practices, as well some paths to change this educational setting.
Improving Vocabulary at the Secondary Level
Authors: Bull Sylvia , Harris Shelley B.
Published: February 2016

This chapter explores the need for valid and reliable vocabulary instruction at the secondary level. As climate and demographics continue to change the education landscape, there will be a continued need for further research on best practices for vocabulary. Currently, students' vocabulary knowledge at the secondary level is lacking, specifically in the content areas, and teachers need instructional strategies that they can put into practice. The research currently available indicated this is an important subject and support for instruction is needed. Therefore, this chapter proves there is such a need.
Facilitating Active Citizenship in Students through the Strengthening of University-Community Partnerships
Authors: Swanzen Rika , Graham Victoria L.
Published: February 2016

In South Africa, the integration of community engagement into research and teaching roles is mandated through policy guidelines, which created the need for transformation of Higher Education (HE) since the late 1990s. One approach that allows such integration is service-learning and this approach is the focus of a research study conducted with field supervisors to determine the level of reciprocal engagement experienced by them. Communication plays a strong role in authentic university-community partnerships (UCPs) and Monash South Africa is cognisant of the challenges encountered with regard to diversity during placements or internships, some of which were discovered through the study. The ultimate aim of the chapter is to offer some recommendations for having a student-engaged and community-focused curriculum with reflections on its internationality and inter-disciplinary impact.
Reengaging Texts, French, and Cultural Narratives
Authors: Stalcup Dane
Published: February 2016

This chapter examines a course model through which first-year college students engage in advanced reflective communication (i.e. discussion, writing, field trip investigations) in order to embrace diverse voices, perspectives, and populations. To determine how freshmen can achieve a high level of multiculturalism and insightful expression at the same time, the author investigates the effectiveness of his freshman-only Reflective Tutorial, “Global Travel through Cultural Studies.” Drawing jointly from the Humanities and experiential learning, this course invites students to embrace conversations and research on global cultural narratives and to interact with spaces outside of the college classroom that both demonstrate and question these narratives. And by synthesizing reflective writing with experiential observation and analysis, the proposed course model promotes effective communication and awareness of diversity that will prepare students for the kind of crosscultural critical thinking that future experiences at the college level, but also the future itself will require.
Study Abroad and Service-Learning in a Catholic Social Teaching Context
Authors: Gonzalez Ana-Lisa , Balderas J. Ulyses
Published: February 2016

Authentic, practical and realistic experiences for pre-service teachers are essential to any effective teacher education program. If combined with two high-impact educational practices: service learning and study abroad, can result in an inclusive and successful education program. Study abroad with a carefully crafted service-learning component would help pre-service teachers to not only, immerse themselves in a foreign culture, but also to refine their craft in that same context. On a Catholic university campus there exists the unique opportunity to include faith in all coursework and experiences that students may have. The application of Catholic Social Teachings, especially the tenets of social justice, should be a major part of what drives pre-service teachers in the classroom. Coursework that has a social justice bend and experiences that reflect the ideals of social justice according to the Catholic Church can prove to be highly impactful if well-designed.
Preparation of Deep Hydrodesulfurzation Catalysts for Diesel Fuel using Organic Matrix Decomposition Method
Authors: AlMegren Hamid Audah , Gonzalez-Cortes Sergio , Huang Yu , Chen Haoyi , Qian Yangdong , Alkinany Mohammed , Aldrees Saud , Xiao Tiancun
Published: February 2016

In this work, a series of supported CoMo or NiMo HDS catalysts have been prepared based on the organic-metal matrix decomposition method and tested for diesel deep HDS with minimum hydrogen consumption under relatively low hydrogen partial pressure conditions. The aim is to develop a HDS catalyst which can reduce sulphur in diesel fuel from 5000ppm down to 50 ppm in a single pass with minimum hydrogen consumption under the conditions of 340oC, 35 bar, LHSV 1.2 h-1 with low H2/oil ratio. The catalysts preparation process was monitored and the resultant catalyst samples before and after the HDS performance test have been characterised, some interesting results have been obtained. The presence of citric acid as organic additive/dispersing agent/chelating agent in the impregnation solution improved HDS activity compared to the equivalent CoMo catalyst prepared without citric acid, The order of activity of the cobalt precursors is Co citrate > Co acetate > Co nitrate.
Assessing the Social Media Presence and Usage Patterns of Major Greek Municipalities
Authors: Karamagioli Evika , Staiou Eleni-Revekka , Gouscos Dimitris
Published: February 2016

Social media tools can enhance governments' abilities to interact with and engage citizens as well as to meet their expectations for transparency as they have the potential to make policy processes more inclusive and thereby rebuild the long lost confidence between governments and citizens. Little is known about how Greek local authorities capitalize on the potential of social media as communication channels. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore if and how 52 major municipalities all over Greece (administrative capitals of the corresponding prefectures) utilize Facebook, Twitter and YouTube for managing their external communication with citizens during the April-June 2014 timeframe, which covered the period of municipal elections in Greece that took place in mid-May 2014.
Empowerment through Collaboration
Authors: McIntosh Jacqueline , Campays Philippe , Leah Adele
Published: February 2016

Since the 1970s, more than half of the Tokelau population has relocated to New Zealand due to limited natural resources and overcrowding of the 10km2 land area. In the Wellington region Tokelau groups have sought to maintain their cultural traditions and this paper discusses a collaboration between Te Umiumiga, a Tokelau Hutt Valley community, and the School of Architecture at Victoria University of Wellington, in the design and development of a sustainable, cultural community centre complex. Outcomes included a museum exhibition, which involved a further collaboration with Pataka Art + Museum and a project with the Tokelau youth. University staff and students were empowered to engage directly with the community, undertaking design work, the construction of furniture, an exploration of alternative energy sources and community garden initiatives.
Networked Protests
Authors: Stacey Emily
Published: February 2016

This article explores social movement theory and attempts to modernize and explain contemporary movements with consideration of the digital tools being utilized by citizens on the ground. The ability to transcend borders and traditional boundaries using digital media, to facilitate international participation and develop communication, and the dissemination of information and coordination among activist networks around the world is hugely important. This article asserts that modern contentious collective actions and contemporary movements have received an infusion of autonomy and grassroots energy fueled by digital technologies, and social networking platforms.
Challenger Networks of Food Policy on the Internet
Authors: Pfetsch Barbara , Maier Daniel , Miltner Peter , Waldherr Annie
Published: February 2016

In times of genetically modified food, globalized production and distribution chains, food safety is a major issue in public policy. Although industrial actors have traditionally had remarkable influence on political decision-making in this area, challenger organizations from civil society have gained influence by mobilizing support and shaping public discourse on the Internet. The authors' study analyzes online issue networks concerning food safety in order to assess the actor constellations and coalitions that may serve as an opportunity structure for the mobilization of the issue. By comparing the US, the UK, Germany, and Switzerland, the authors investigate the differences in policy settings between pluralist and corporatist democracies. They find that the mobilization structures related to food safety issues are actively promoted by the challengers themselves. In countries where challengers do not find support within national politics, the challengers' online communication refers to mass media as witnesses to legitimize their concern in public debates.
Technology-Enabled Inclusive Innovation
Authors: Yadav Vanita
Published: February 2016

India is a country with a population of 1.2 billion and around 400 million poor people remain excluded from the formal economy. India does not offer a social security number for its residents. Rather, there exist variant forms of identification documents. In 2009, the Government of Indian initiated the Aadhaar project to create biometric technology enabled unique identities for Indian residents. In a short 8-year span, the project has made remarkable progress by enrolling more than 600 million people. The objective of this paper is twofold- (i) to review the emerging literature on inclusive innovation and (ii) to examine the case of Aadhaar Project in India from the perspective of inclusive innovation. Findings of the study reveal that the Aadhaar project has the potential to create an ecosystem of inclusive innovation and entrepreneurship, which can be beneficial for developing economies like India.
A Perceptual Computing based Gesture Controlled Quadcopter for Visual Tracking and Transportation
Authors: Yelamarthi Kumar , Kannavara Raghudeep , Boddhu Sanjay
Published: February 2016

One of the fundamental challenges faced by an inexperienced user in portable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as quadcopters is flight control, often leading to crashes. Addressing this challenge, and leveraging upon the technological advancement in perceptual computing and computer vision, this research presents a modular system that allows for hand gesture based flight control of UAV, alongside a transport mechanism for portable objects. In addition to ascertain smooth flight control by avoiding obstacles in navigation path, real-time video feedback is relayed from the UAV to user, thus allowing him/her to take appropriate actions. This paper presents the design implementation by discussing the various sub-systems involved, inter system communication, and field tests to ascertain operation. As presented from testing results, the proposed system provides efficient communication between the subsystems for smooth flight control, while allowing for safe transport of portable objects.
Design and Performance Evaluation of the SCAN Secure Processor
Authors: Kannavara Raghudeep , Bourbakis Nikolaos
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the design, performance analysis, security evaluation and the extended instruction set architecture (ISA) of the SCAN secure processor (SCAN-SP). The SCAN-SP is security enhanced SparcV8 processor architecture with an extended ISA to interface with an off-chip FPGA co-processor to handle lossless image compression, encryption and information hiding based on SCAN methodology. Additionally, SCAN-SP offers a SCAN methodology based secure computing feature capable of executing an encrypted instruction stream. Thus the proposed secure processor architecture enables tamper resistant code execution along with cryptographic and general computing capabilities.
Drivers of Brand Trust in Internet Retailing
Authors: Anggraeni Adilla , Lay Florenz
Published: February 2016

This study investigates the attributes that create brand trust in internet retailing through the replication of the work of Ruparelia, White and Hughes (2010) using two different purchase categories: apparels and travel accommodation. Quantitative methodology was employed through survey method involving 180 respondents. There are ten independent variables include website security, website privacy, website brand name, word-of-mouth, website design & navigation, information, returns policy, country of origin, past experience, advertising and testimonials and one dependent variable which is brand trust. Security, privacy, word of mouth, design & navigation, and past experience were proven to have direct linear effects towards web brand trust. On the other hand, brand name, information, returns policy, country of origin and advertising & testimonials have weak relationships with web brand trust. Respondents who purchased clothing apparel were more concerned of the country of origin than respondents who purchased ticket accommodation.
The Influence of Value Co-Creation on Consumer Satisfaction
Authors: García-Haro María Ángeles , Martínez-Ruiz María Pilar , Martínez-Cañas Ricardo
Published: February 2016

The importance of value co-creation processes to firms' competitive strategy is widely recognized, both in practice and in academia. Therefore, it becomes essential to identify which variables drive consumers to collaborate with companies. A primary influence on this consumer decision relates to the search for greater satisfaction. This article proposes a theoretical model that relates the process of co-creating value with customer satisfaction. The proposed conceptual model also includes the user's motivation as a potential mediating variable in the process that transforms co-creation activities into consumer satisfaction.
A Revisit of the Concept of Interactivity and its Dimensions
Authors: Wang Hui , Nadda Vipin
Published: February 2016

With the development of Information and Communication Technologies, social networking platforms have permeated into every aspect of industries and our lives. This new digital phenomenon brings opportunities for companies to reach and communicate with their audiences in different ways. In the same vein, this revolutionary phenomenon has largely accelerated the rate at which relationships develop and information is shared. It is worth noting that during the communication process there has been a growth in the potency of interactivity, which lays emphasis on conversing with audiences rather than merely communicating to them. This paper draws on the literature developed in various disciplines with the help of tri-dimensional features of interactivity identified as active control, two-way communications, and real-time communications. These three principal dimensions are explored within a Weblog context to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of interactivity and its dynamics.
The Casanova-Myth: Legend and Anxiety in the Seduction Community
Authors: Schuurmans Jitse , Monaghan Lee F.
Published: February 2016

The word Casanova is often treated as a synonym for womaniser, variously interpreted in a positive or negative light depending upon the audience. The Seduction Community (SC) largely comprises young heterosexual men who follow and adapt the teachings of commercial pick-up artists, typically in an effort to embody the Casanova-myth. This paper reports and analyses findings from a qualitative study of the SC. Drawing from life history interviews ( n =29) and understandings generated during fieldwork in California in 2009 and 2013, the paper explores the meanings of the Casanova-myth qua urban legend. As explained in studies that view modern society as a ‘folk community’, urban legends help mediate anxieties following the Great Transformation in American community life. However, this paper contends that such legends may also produce the same gender anxieties they aim to ameliorate. Lascivious myth-making, which finds clear expression within the rationalised SC, constitutes a double-edged sword under conditions of rapid social change comprising confluent intimacies and the potential marketisation of everything.
Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid on the tissue structure, antioxidant activity, cell apoptosis, and cytokine contents of bursa of Fabricius in chicks under heat stress
Authors: Chen Zhong , Zhou Yong-Wei , Liang Chen , Jiang Ying-Ya , Xie Li-Jin
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This study aims to investigate the changes in the tissue structure, cell apoptosis, antioxidant activity, and cytokine contents of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in chicks under heat stress, and the regulation mechanism of the protective effect of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on BF in chicks. One-day-old male Wenchang chicks were randomly divided into a control group (CK), heat stress group (HS), and GABA + HS group. The index of BF, area of follicle, density of apoptosis, antioxidant activity (SOD, MDA, and GSH-PX), and cytokine contents (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and HSP70) in the BF tissue of chicks were determined at the end of week 1–6. Results showed that HS group had significantly decreased index of BF and area of follicle, and significantly increased density of apoptosis compared with CK group (P < 0.05), while GABA + HS group had significantly increased index of BF and area of follicle, and significantly decreased density of apoptosis compared with HS group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total SOD activity in the BF tissue among the three groups, except that GABA + HS group had an increase in total SOD activity in week 6, which was significantly different from that of CK and HS groups (P < 0.05). The GSH-PX activity in the BF tissue was high in all groups in the first 3 weeks, but decreased in week 4–6. The MDA content in the BF tissue of HS and GABA + HS groups was significantly increased compared with that of CK group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the HSP70 content between HS and GABA + HS groups (P > 0.05), both of which were significantly decreased compared with that of CK group (P < 0.05). The contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the BF tissue increased with age in all three groups in week 1–6. In the later BF development, the content of IL-1β in HS group was significantly decreased compared with that of CK group, whereas the content of IL-6 was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed in the content of TNF-α. In contrast, the content of IL-6 in GABA + HS group was significantly decreased compared with that of CK group, and the content of TNF-α was significantly increased (P < 0.05). These results suggested that heat stress caused structural damage to the BF tissue, increased cell apoptosis, and decreased antioxidant activity in the BF of chicks. GABA could alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on the BF tissue and improve the structural and functional development of BF in chicks, by increasing the antioxidant activity, down-regulating IL-6 content, and reducing cell apoptosis in the BF tissue of chicks.
Evaluation of the size segregation of elemental carbon (EC) emission in Europe: influence on the simulation of EC long-range transportation
Authors: Chen Ying , Cheng Ya-Fang , Nordmann Stephan , Birmili Wolfram , Denier van der Gon Hugo A. C. , Ma Nan , Wolke Ralf , Wehner Birgit , Sun Jia , Spindler Gerald , Mu Qing , Pöschl Ulrich , Su Hang , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Elemental Carbon (EC) has a significant impact on human health and climate change. In order to evaluate the size segregation of EC emission in the EUCAARI inventory and investigate its influence on the simulation of EC long-range transportation in Europe, we used the fully coupled online Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry model (WRF-Chem) at a resolution of 2 km focusing on a region in Germany, in conjunction with a high-resolution EC emission inventory. The ground meteorology conditions, vertical structure and wind pattern were well reproduced by the model. The simulations of particle number and/or mass size distributions were evaluated with observations at the central European background site Melpitz. The fine mode particle concentration was reasonably well simulated, but the coarse mode was substantially overestimated by the model mainly due to the plume with high EC concentration in coarse mode emitted by a nearby point source. The comparisons between simulated EC and Multi-angle Absorption Photometers (MAAP) measurements at Melpitz, Leipzig-TROPOS and Bösel indicated that the coarse mode EC (ECc) emitted from the nearby point sources might be overestimated by a factor of 2–10. The fraction of ECc was overestimated in the emission inventory by about 10–30 % for Russia and 5–10 % for Eastern Europe (e.g., Poland and Belarus). This incorrect size-dependent EC emission results in a shorter atmospheric life time of EC particles and inhibits the long-range transport of EC. A case study showed that this effect caused an underestimation of 20–40 % in the EC mass concentration in Germany under eastern wind pattern.
Frequency and intensity of palaeofloods at the interface of Atlantic and Mediterranean climate domains
Authors: Wilhelm B. , Vogel H. , Crouzet C. , Etienne D. , Anselmetti F. S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Mediterranean climatic influences was explored by studying a lake sequence (Lake Foréant) of the Western European Alps. High-resolution sedimentological and geochemical analysis revealed 171 event layers, 168 of which result from past flood events over the last millennium. The layer thickness was used as a proxy of intensity of past floods. Because the Foréant palaeoflood record is in agreement with the documented variability of historical floods resulting from local and mesoscale, summer-to-autumn convective events, it is assumed to highlight changes in flood frequency and intensity related to such events typical of both Atlantic (local events) and Mediterranean (mesoscale events) climatic influences. Comparing the Foréant record with other Atlantic-influenced and Mediterranean-influenced regional flood records highlights a common feature in all flood patterns that is a higher flood frequency during the cold period of the Little Ice Age (LIA, AD 1300–1900). In contrast, high-intensity flood events are apparent during both the cold LIA and the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, AD 950–1250). However, there is a tendency towards higher frequencies of high-intensity flood events during the warm MCA. The MCA extremes could mean that under the global warming scenario, we might see an increase in intensity (not in frequency). However, the flood frequency and intensity in the course of the 20th century warming trend did not change significantly. Uncertainties in future evolution of flood intensity lie in the interpretation of the lack of 20th century extremes (transition or stable?) and the different climate forcing factors between the two periods (greenhouse gases vs. solar and/or volcanic eruptions).
Size-resolved simulations of the aerosol inorganic composition with the new hybrid dissolution solver HyDiS-1.0 – Description, evaluation and first global modelling results
Authors: Benduhn François , Mann Graham W. , Pringle Kirsty J. , Topping David O. , McFiggans Gordon , Carslaw Kenneth S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The dissolution of semi-volatile inorganic gases such as ammonia and nitric acid into the aerosol liquid phase has an important influence on the composition, hygroscopic properties and size distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles. The representation of dissolution in global models is challenging due to inherent issues of numerical stability and computational expense. For this reason, simplified approaches are often taken, with many models treating dissolution as an equilibrium process. In this paper we describe the new dissolution solver HyDiS-1.0 that was developped for the global size-resolved simulation of aerosol inorganic composition. The solver applies a hybrid approach, which allows some particle size increments to establish instantaneous gas-particle equilibrium while others are treated time dependently (or dynamically). Numerical accuracy at a competitive computational expense is achieved by using several tailored numerical formalisms and decision criteria, such as for the time- and size-dependent choice between the equilibrium and dynamic approaches. The new hybrid solver is shown to be in good to excellent agreement with a fully dynamic solver and to have numerical stability across a wide range of numerical stiffness conditions encountered within the atmosphere. We present first results of the solver’s implementation into a global aerosol microphysics and chemistry transport model. We find that (1) the new solver predicts surface concentrations of nitrate and ammonium in reasonable agreement with observations over Europe, the US and East Asia; (2) models that assume gas-particle equilibrium will not capture the partitioning of nitric acid and ammonia into Aitken mode sized particles, and thus may be missing an important pathway whereby secondary particles may grow to radiation and cloud-interacting size; and (3) the new hybrid solver’s computational expense is modest, at around 10 % of total computation time in these simulations.
A practical approach to lake water density from electrical conductivity and temperature
Authors: Moreira Santiago , Schultze Martin , Rahn Karsten , Boehrer Bertram
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Density calculations are essential to study stratification, circulation patterns, internal wave formation and other aspects of hydrodynamics in lakes and reservoirs. Currently, the most common procedure is the use of CTD profilers and convert measurements of temperature and electrical conductivity into density. In limnic waters, such approaches are of limited accuracy, if they do not consider lake specific composition of solutes, as we show. A new approach is presented to correlate density and electrical conductivity, using only two specific coefficients based on the composition of solutes. First, it is necessary to evaluate the lake-specific coefficients connecting electrical conductivity with density. Once these coefficients have been obtained, density can easily be calculated based on CTD data. The new method has been tested against measured values and the most common equations used in the calculation of density in limnic and ocean conditions. The results show that our new approach can reproduce the density contribution of solutes with a relative accuracy of 10 % in lake waters from very low to very high concentrations as well as in lakes of very particular water chemistry, which surmounts all commonly implemented density calculations in lakes by far. Finally, we provide a web link for downloading the corresponding density calculator.
Modeling the spatio-temporal variability in subsurface thermal regimes across a low-relief polygonal tundra landscape
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Collier Nathan , Bisht Gautam , Mills Richard T. , Thornton Peter E. , Iversen Colleen M. , Romanovsky Vladimir
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Vast carbon stocks stored in permafrost soils of Arctic tundra are under risk of release to atmosphere under warming climate. Ice-wedge polygons in the low-gradient polygonal tundra create a complex mosaic of microtopographic features. The microtopography plays a critical role in regulating the fine scale variability in thermal and hydrological regimes in the polygonal tundra landscape underlain by continuous permafrost. Modeling of thermal regimes of this sensitive ecosystem is essential for understanding the landscape behavior under current as well as changing climate. We present here an end-to-end effort for high resolution numerical modeling of thermal hydrology at real-world field sites, utilizing the best available data to characterize and parameterize the models. We develop approaches to model the thermal hydrology of polygonal tundra and apply them at four study sites at Barrow, Alaska spanning across low to transitional to high-centered polygon, representing a broad polygonal tundra landscape. A multi-phase subsurface thermal hydrology model (PFLOTRAN) was developed and applied to study the thermal regimes at four sites. Using high resolution LiDAR DEM, microtopographic features of the landscape were characterized and represented in the high resolution model mesh. Best available soil data from field observations and literature was utilized to represent the complex heterogeneous subsurface in the numerical model. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the developed modeling approach to model the complex thermal regimes across the sites. Our study provides insights into the critical role of polygonal tundra microtopography in regulating the thermal dynamics of the carbon rich permafrost soils. Study also highlights the importance of field-based observations of soil thermal and hydraulic properties for modeling-based studies of permafrost thermal dynamics and provides motivation for future observations by identifying gaps in our current understanding of the system.
Post-TV: Piracy, Cord-Cutting, and the Future of Television
Authors: Mazzoli Eleonora Maria
Published: February 2016

None
COTTON FIBER ALIGNMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON PROPERTIES OF HNBR VULCANIZATES: INFLUENCES OF SCORCH BEHAVIOR, FLOW DISTANCE, AND INJECTION PRESSURE
Authors: Sanprasert Pimsaruta , Sombatsompop Narongrit , Sae-oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit
Published: February 2016

Injection molding of cotton fiber–filled HNBR is commonly used in the rubber industry. A microscopic technique was used to monitor level of fiber alignment as affected by varied scorch time, injection pressure, and flow distance in mold cavity. The results obviously reveal an increase in thickness of orderly alignment layer of fiber when injection pressure and flow distance in mold cavity increase, attributed to the increased magnitude of shear strain. On the other hand, a disorderly alignment of fiber is found in the system having relatively long scorch time. The molecular relaxation process via strain recovery causes a misalignment of cotton fibers. Stress relaxation results exhibit an increasing tendency of residual stress when injection pressure and flow distance in mold increase while scorch time decreases. Unexpectedly, the increase in creep strain with increasing injection pressure and flow distance, in association with a decrease in scorch time, arises from poor filler–rubber interaction.
Communication Efficacy and University Experiences of Vietnamese Students
Authors: Duong Minh-Quang
Published: February 2016

Communication efficacy is important especially during the process of seeking job and is essential to the success of both the student and the teacher in learning environment. This study explored the students’ communication efficacy in Vietnamese higher education, and how students’ communication efficacy was affected by university experience variables. A quantitative research method was used in the study; out of the 618 third-year students of 24 faculties and departments in the University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City responded to the study and were study participants. The finding of this study presents that students were moderated with their communication efficacy. The study also shows that of university experiences persistently exhibited significant positive effects on students’ communication efficacy. Recommendation of study was discussed.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 8, No. 3
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: February 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2016.
The Nutritional Value of Sweet Potato Tubers [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb.] Consumed by Infants and Children of Dani Tribe in Kurulu District, Baliem-Jayawijaya
Authors: Suparno Antonius , Prabawardani Saraswati , Pattikawa Andrew Bob
Published: February 2016

Sweet potato is an important staple food crop especially for the local people of Central Highlands Jayawijaya. There are many accessions that have always been maintained their existence to enrich the types of consumption. Traditionally, sweet potato accessions were grouped based on the utilization, such as for animal feed, cultural ceremonies, consumption for adults, as well as for children and infants. This study was aimed to analyze the nutritional value of sweet potatoes consumed by infants and children of the Dani tribe. Chemical analyses were conducted at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Research and Development Center, Cimanggu, Bogor.

The results showed that each of 4 (four) sweet potato accessions, which were consumed by infants and children, had diverse nutrient levels. Accession Sabe showed the highest water content (72.56%), vitamin C (72.71 mg/100 g), Fe (11.85 mg/100 g), and K levels (130.41 mg/100 grams). The highest protein content (1.44%), fat (1.00%), energy (154.43 kkal/100 gram), carbohydrate (35.47%), starch (30.26%), reducing sugar (3.44%), riboflavin (0.18 mg/100 g), and vitamin A (574.40 grams IU/100) were produced by accession Manis. On the other hand, accession Saborok produced the highest content of ash (1.32%), vitamin E (28.30 mg/100 g), and B-carotene (64.69 ppm). The highest level of crude fiber (1.81%) and thiamin (0.36 mg/100 g) were produced by accession Yuaiken.
Um percurso freudiano das depressões
Authors: Da Costa Mariana Carvalho
Published: February 2016

Atualmente, as depressões aparecem como diagnóstico recorrente e com aperspectiva de tornar-se, em 20 anos, a doença mais comum do mundo.A abordagem dessa problemática esbarra na dificuldade da falta de umadefinição unívoca e de um consenso na diferenciação entre os termosdepressão e melancolia, reveladas pela bibliografia existente, incluindoa psicanalítica. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho se propõe a investigar,na obra freudiana, as definições (ou aproximações) da depressão e damelancolia, traçando um mapeamento dos principais textos que abordamo tema, articulando-os com as reflexões de autores contemporâneos. Combase no percurso empreendido, concluímos que as depressões podem serconcebidas como neuroses de angústia decorrentes de uma inibição sexual;e a melancolia, como uma neurose narcísica, sendo entendida como umamodalidade especial da psicose. Desse modo, esperamos ter contribuídopara o avanço dos impasses e das questões advindos da prática psicanalíticae para decorrente direção do tratamento.
Ciberespaço: uma nova configuração do ser no mundo
Authors: Da Silva Taziane Mara , Teixeira Talita De Oliveira , De Freitas Sylvia Mara Pires
Published: February 2016

Através do movimento dialético, o homem sartriano, histórico esocial, constrói sua existência. Cada era elucida a maneira como ele amanufaturou, e as posteriores revelam o projeto perseguido até então.Na Pós-Modernidade, uma nova síntese entre liberdade e facticidade érealizada: a criação do ciberespaço. Neste artigo, buscamos refletir, à luz doexistencialismo sartriano, sobre o ciberespaço como o resultado de mais umatranscendência humana da facticidade que o determina, haja vista ser esseespaço virtual a objetivação de práxis que superam limites espaçotemporais,relacionais e materiais que se impõem à liberdade humana. Contudo, hoje,a Era do Conhecimento já se fez história, logo tudo que a identifica, comoo ciberespaço, apresenta-se como contradição a ser superada e, a cadatranscendência, novas sínteses são criadas, o que configura novos estilos deprojetos de ser no mundo.
Ludus sphaerae per annulum ferreum: tradición alegórico-emblemática del beugelen
Authors: Azanza López Javier
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Beugelen was a game, described early on by Erasmus, which gained wide popularity in the Netherlands, played both in palaces and villages, as evidenced by numerous engravings of the 16th and 17th Centuries. Therefore, it is not surprising to find its allegorical-symbolic exploitation, associated with concepts such as mental laziness (Heinrich Aldegrever), the fatal consequences of the game (Johannes David) and the effects of human and divine love (Peter Rollos, Typus mundi, Ludovicus van Leuven and Willem den Elger). In the light of previous emblematic repertories, I delve into the meaning of a number of paintings, paying special attencion to works of Lucas Gassel (David and Bathsheba), Gerrit Lundens (People Playing Croquet in the Courtyard of an Inn) and Jan Steen (Garden Party). KEYWORDS: Beugelen, Netherlands, 16th and 17th Centuries, Emblematic Images, Painting.   RESUMEN: El beugelen es un juego ya descrito por Erasmo que adquirió gran popularidad en los Países Bajos, practicándose tanto en aldeas como en palacios, como testimonian numerosos grabados de los siglos XVI-XVII. No resulta extraño por tanto su aprovechamiento simbólico-emblemático, asociado a conceptos como la pereza mental (Heinrich Aldegrever), las fatales consecuencias del juego (Johannes David) y los efectos del amor divino y humano (Peter Rollos, Typus mundi, Ludovicus van Leuven y Willem den Elger). A la luz de los anteriores repertorios emblemáticos tratamos de profundizar en el significado de algunas pinturas, prestando especial atención a obras de Lucas Gassel (David y Betsabé), Gerrit Lundens (Personas jugando a los bolos en el patio de una posada) y Jan Steen (Fiesta en el jardín). PALABRAS CLAVES: beugelen, Países Bajos, siglos XVI y XVII, emblemática, pintura.
Emblemas del papado. La representación del vicio en la propaganda protestante alemana del siglo XVI
Authors: Roso Díaz José
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Those of the Wittenberg Circle who had undergone reformation continually submitted their criticisms to the Papacy throughout the sixteenth century. They saw in this institution one of the principal evils of the Catholic Churchn which they saw one of the principal males of the Catholic Church. As a result, they identified the Papacy ad nauseam with the Antichrist and with cardinal sins such as lust, gluttony, greed or pride.  This article thus analyzes diverse aberrant ways of depicting the Papacy in order to evaluate the importance and meaning of this identification as part of the political-religious polemics and of the phenomenon of the propaganda of the convulsed period of the Protestant Reformation. KEY WORDS: Protestant Propaganda, Papacy, Vice, Pamphlets.   RESUMEN: Los reformados del Círculo de Wittenberg criticaron de forma constante a lo largo del siglo XVI al Papado, institución en la que vieron uno de los principales males de la Iglesia Católica. De ahí que la identificaran ad nauseam con el Anticristo y con pecados capitales como la lujuria, la gula, la avaricia o la soberbia. Nos ocupamos precisamente en este trabajo de analizar diversas formas aberrantes de representar al Papado para valorar la importancia y significado de esa identificación dentro de las polémicas político-religiosas y del fenómeno de la propaganda de los tiempos convulsos de la Reforma protestante. PALABRAS CLAVES: Propaganda protestante, papado, vicio, panfletos.
Feminism and Film Distribution: An Analysis of Cinenovas Management Committee Meeting Minutes, 1991–97
Authors: Knight Julia
Published: February 2016

Cinenova was relaunched in 1991 from the pre-existing womens distributor, Circles, which had operated throughout the 1980s. In keeping with their founders feminist politics, both Circles and Cinenova were run via a non-hierarchical management structure and focused on the distribution, promotion and exhibition of films and videos made by, for and about women. As the funding and economic climate became harsher during the 1990s this organisational model was severely tested, as Cinenova‘s workers were forced to try and survive on a more commercially viable basis. This article uses Cinenova‘s management committee meeting minutes of 1991–97 to explore how its management practices impacted on its operation and effectiveness.
A Cross-case Study on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis on Perspectives from the Top Banking Institutions in the Philippines from 2010-2014
Authors: Romero Frederick P.
Published: February 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility by corporations and businesses helps alleviate the effect of the significant problems faced by the community such as poverty, environmental degradation, social inequality, health and illness, drugs, crime and terrorism and some others. This paper investigates the major Philippine banking institutions’ awareness on these given social problems by content analysis methodology, which is done by understanding the use of media releases (such as Annual reports, Sustainability Reports and other online press releases and news releases) in the marketing and communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The scope of the CSR reports is based on the 4-year time period 2010-2014. This study tries to determine the coverage on the social aspects of the top Philippine banking institutions based on the classification: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Corporate Communication, Corporate Philanthropy, and Corporate Social Behavior in Banks. Moreover, the paper seeks to: (1) Examine the social-responsibility issues portrayed in the annual reports by banks; (2) Examine the nature of such issues handled by banks (3) Know what are the most important CSR issues being addressed by the top Philippine banking institutions.