bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tres especies de Phaeostemma (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae) nuevas para la ciencia
Authors: Morillo Gilberto
Published: May 2019

Se describen e ilustran tres especies de PhaeostemmaE. Fourn. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae) nuevas para la ciencia. Las tres especies, fueron halladas en el este ó sureste de Brasil, la primera en el Estado de Río de Janeiro y la segunda en el estado de Paraná, mientras que la tercera especie, P. kelleri Morillo, ha sido hallada en tres localidades de la provincia de Corrientes, y en el Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), y representa el primer registro del género para la Flora de Argentina. Aunque se conocen pocas poblaciones de la mayoría de las especies, y la información disponible sobre ellas es incompleta, se incluye una clave preliminar para facilitar la identificación de los taxones reconocidos hasta el presente.
Gert Guenther Hatschbach (1923-2013)
Authors: Krapovickas Antonio
Published: May 2019

Gert Guenther Hatschbach falleció en Curitiba, su ciudad natal, el 16 de abril de 2013, a los 89 años de edad, víctima de una infección generalizada. Había nacido el 22 de agosto de 1923 y llegó a ser uno de los más destacados botánicos de Brasil
Caracteres morfológicos de Bolbitis serratifolia (Dryopteridaceae) de Argentina
Authors: Lavalle María del Carmen , Rodríguez Mónica
Published: May 2019

Se estudió Bolbitis serratifoliasobre la base de rasgos morfológicos del esporófito, con el fin de aportar nuevos datos al conocimiento del género; se lo comparó con otro género de la misma familia y se pusieron a prueba distintos caracteres diagnósticos. Se trabajó sobre arquitectura foliar, venación, indumento, modelo epidérmico de las pinnas, estomas y esporas. El dimorfismo foliar, las frondes imparipinnadas, la venación reticulada con venilla excurrente, los ejes escamosos, las láminas glabras y las esporas triletes; son caracteres morfológicos que permiten identificar esta especie.
Aphanes arvensis (Rosaceae) en el extremo nordeste de la Argentina
Authors: Hildt Gustavo , Keller Héctor A.
Published: May 2019

Se menciona por primera vez para el nordeste argentino a una hierba adventicia en el nuevo mundo. La especie es ilustrada mediante fotografías.
La Etnobotánica de Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae, Aurantioideae) naturalizada en la Argentina
Authors: Stampella Pablo C. , Delucchi Gustavo , Keller Héctor A. , Hurrell Julio A.
Published: May 2019

En esta contribución se confirma como naturalizada para la Flora Argentina a Citrus reticulata Blanco. Se incluye su sinonimia actualizada; descripción; distribución y datos ecológicos; cultivares identificados y una clave para su identificación; y resultados de estudios etnobotánicos orientados hacia la comprensión del proceso de su naturalización. Se aporta; asimismo; a la resolución del estado actual de las especies adventicias de Citrus en la Argentina.
Pengembangan Media Pocket Book Berbasis Discovery Learning terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis
Authors: Armelia Dea , Prihatin Iwit , Susiaty Utin Desy
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the research in the study was to study the development of learning discovery-based pocket book media on students' mathematical understanding abilities. The research methodology used is the method of research and development (R & D). Based on the results of development, research, and discussion, it can be concluded that the development of learning discovery-based pocket book media on mathematical understanding skills reaches a level of validity with excellent categories and achieves practicality with very practical criteria
Implementasi Komunikasi Efektif Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja Guru di SDN Mekarjaya 30 Depok
Authors: Lestari Iis Dewi
Published: May 2019

Every teacher must have work motivation as a motivate from intrinsic and extrinsic to increase their jobs. Teacher work motivation can get from their headmaster. Headmaster have effectiveness communication to their teacher at school. Effectivenes communication is important to create the culture of organization at school with harmonious. Contribution of headmaster is important to have good school with positive energy and comfortable. Aim the research is to describe how the headmaster in using effectiveness communication to increase teacher work motivation at SDN Mekarjaya 30 Depok. The method of this research is descriptive. Data was collected by in the interview, observation, and literatue study. Data analysis was performed by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion on verifications. The results of this research are headmaster in SDN Mekarjaya 30 Depok implemented the effectiveness communication to the teacher. It can see from the good choosen channel by headmaster to get effectiveness communication, headmaster  understand teacher’s personality and character.  Beside that headmaster using body language as a emphasis about the information to easy understand And teacher give the feed back with emphaty and have work motivation.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika terhadap Siswa Keluarga "Broken Home" di SMA Uswatun Hasanah Jakarta Timur
Authors: Nugraha Mohamad Lutfi
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out the difficulties of learning mathematics students who have problems with their families or broken home. The place of this research is a private high school in East Jakarta, namely Uswatun Hasanah High School. The research sample is students who have problems outside of school, namely problems with their families. The method of this research is an exploratory survey with a qualitative approach. Data collection of this research are interviews, observations and documents from research subjects. Two broken home children were the subjects of this study. The results of this study indicate that the process of learning mathematics for students who are broken home needs special handling in the form of advice and enthusiasm from mathematics teachers, counseling teachers, and homeroom teachers and is expected to be given effective learning methods to make students more focused in learning and more mature in face the problem
Tindak Tutur Direktif Pedagang di Pasar Tanah Abang
Authors: Sriyanti Rini
Published: May 2019

The event of speech act that happen between buyer and seller in the market have important role, is to deliver the intention of some parties. Buyer and seller have same language as a means to deliver the intention in order to get the deal. The purpose of research is to describe form speech act and kind of speech act are using by seller and buyer to communication in Tanah Abang market. The object of research is speech act. The sample of dialogues are taking from 10 dialogues. The collecting of data research is observation attentively. The data are getting from note and record. Baside that, we areusing kind of speech act analysis of data. The result of  research can be eplain, such as: 1) Tanah Abang are representative, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative speech act, 2) Most of seller are using directive speech act in communication to persuade and influence the buyer at Tanah Abang market
Analisis Metode Communicative Language Teaching terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris Guru-Guru SMK dan SMP Islam Mandiri Bojong Gede Bogor
Authors: Budiarso Iwan
Published: May 2019

In learning English, speaking ability is a very important aspect, especially for teachers. Implementation in class, the teachers are expected to be good facilitators and motivators so their students have increasingly spirit in learning. One of teaching method that can be applied is Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). The purpose of this research is to build motivation, creativity, and teacher’s ability of speaking business English. Using this teaching method can give new learning experiences to the teachers. This research is a classroom action research in Yayasan Islam Terpadu Mandiri Bojonggede Bogor. There are two schools, SMK Mandiri and SMP Islam Mandiri. The total number of teachers are 35 people. They are the object of this research. Methods of the research is descriptive with a qualitatif approach.  Data collection is done through observation and recording of scores from each research stage. The results of the research show an increase in English business communication skills which can be seen from the average scores.
Bazı biyopreparatların Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvalarına etkinliğinin belirlenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Aylin , DURMUŞOĞLU Enver
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma kapsamında sivrisinek larva mücadelesinde ruhsatlı bakteri içerikli iki biyosidal ürün ile Türkiye’den izole edilen üç yerel biyopreparatın, 2018 yılında Muğla ilinden toplanan Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvalarına etkileri ve yerel izolatların sivrisinek mücadelesinde kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü’ndeki iklim odalarında laboratuvar koşullarında geç üçüncü dönem C. longiareolata larvaları ile yapılan denemelerde Bacillus sphaericus içeren VectoLex WDG ve Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis içeren VectoBac 12 AS ticari biyopreparatlarının arazi dozu, arazi dozunun yarı ve çeyrek dozu, B. sphaericus ÖE-1 izolatı içeren bir, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kenyae izolatı FDP-8 ve FDP-42 içeren iki yerel biyopreparatın % 0,025-10’luk dozları ile çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; ruhsatlı biyopreparatların önerilen arazi dozu yarısında, Türkiye’den izole edilen B. sphaericus içeren yerel biyopreparatın % 0,2’lik dozunda C. longiareolata larvalarına karşı % 100 etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
An update on HLA alleles as pharmacogenetic markers for antiepileptic drug-induced cutaneous adverse reaction
Authors: Then Sue-Mian , Raymond Azman Ali
Published: May 2019

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly used to treat the disease depending, mainly on the type of seizure. However, the use of AEDs may also lead to cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADR) such as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), exfoliative dermatitis (ED) and drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS), which are unwanted comorbidities in epilepsy. It was first discovered that the HLA-B*15:02 allele was strongly associated with carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced SJS/TEN among Han Chinese and this led to the discovery of other HLA alleles and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes that were significantly associated with various AED-induced cADRs across various populations.  This mini review is an update on the latest findings of the involvement of various HLA alleles and CYP alleles in cADRs caused by CBZ, phenytoin (PHT), oxcarbazepine (OXC) and lamitrogine (LTG) in different case-control studies around the world. From our review, we found that CBZ- and PHT-induced cADRs were more commonly reported than the other AEDs. Therefore, there were more robust pharmacogenetics studies related to these AEDs. OXC- and LTG-induced cADRs were less commonly reported, and so more studies are needed to validate the reported association of the newer reported HLA alleles with these AEDs. It is also important to take into account the allelic frequency within a given population before drawing conclusions about the use of these alleles as genetic markers to prevent AED-induced cADR. Overall, the current body of research point to a combination of alleles as a better pharmacogenetic marker compared to the use of a single gene as a genetic marker for AED-induced cADR.
TOPLUMSAL TABAKALAŞMA SİSTEMLERİNİN GENEL İNCELEMESİ
Authors: YALÇIN Enes
Published: May 2019

Her toplumsal yapı
birtakım eşitsizlikleri bünyesinde barındırır. Çeşitli kaynaklardan beslenen bu
eşitsizlikler, toplumsal tabakalaşmaya sebep olurlar. Toplumsal tabakalaşma,
sosyal bir vakıa olduğu kadar, toplumsal istikrar ve değişim süreçlerinin, tarihsel
seyri içerisinde karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesine aracılık eden bir
sosyoloji nesnesidir. Bu çalışmada da toplumsal tabakalaşma sistemlerinin
türlerinin, sosyolojik anlamlarının değerlendirilmesi, tabakalaşma türlerinin
birbirleriyle olan farklılıklarının incelenip ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Bu maksat doğrultusunda, çalışmanın kapsamı, kölelik sistemi, kast sistemi,
feodal zümre sistemi, toplumsal sınıf sisteminden oluşmaktadır. İlgili yerli ve
yabancı literatür taranarak ilk çağdan, sanayi toplumuna kadar uzanan dönem,
toplumsal tabakalaşma bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Söz konusu çerçeveye
uygun biçimde, toplumsal tabakalaşma sistemlerinden her biri, kapalılık/açıklık
(katılık/esneklik) olarak nitelenen toplumsal geçirgenlik, oluşturdukları
toplumsal tabakalar, içinde yer aldıkları sosyoekonomik toplum yapısı, dayanmış
oldukları ideolojik/dini/sosyokültürel temel gibi noktalarda farklı karakteristik
özelliklere sahip olma durumu bakımından ele alınacaktır.
A brief analysis of the research scheme of the cyclotron radiation from a single electron
Authors: DING Jian
Published: May 2019

The experiments of Project 8 have been excellent, but the expected goals still difficult to achieve. So much so that some of the results at your fingertips were also missing. In view of this, the focus of this article is to clarify several easy confused concepts. Only in this way, we can reasonably explain the experimental data. The main points are as follows: 1. The value c of the light speed in vacuum and a particle with zero static mass, both of which do not exist in the reality. That is to say, the so-called a photon's static mass is equal to zero but has energy, which is a paradox that confuses two different definitional domains. 2. In the reality, photons are high-speed particles generated by electromagnetic radiation. They must have the characteristics of (static) mass, energy and wave, in order to describe the main body to aim at photons from different angles. 3. After any main body comes into being electromagnetic radiation, its static mass will inevitably decrease accordingly. 4. The charge-mass ratio of an electron is a physical constant, which is the ratio of its charge to the amount of matter, and is not affected by relativistic effects and electromagnetic radiation. 5. The uncertainty of moving electrons is caused by random electromagnetic radiations. Finally, it is pointed out that if the cyclotron frequency of a single electron is measured, and at the same time, its de Broglie wavelength or frequency can also be measured, then its static mass can be obtained. Even so, the expected goals are still difficult to achieve, because random electromagnetic radiations are always taking away continually the matter composition of the single electron being measured. However, this was precisely a result of the research obtained by Project 8, and had universality, which should be reflect on.
Perhitungan Numerik Propagasi Soliton Gelap (Dark Soliton) pada Serat Optik dengan Pengaruh Suku Dispersi Orde Tiga
Authors: Pratama Defrianto
Published: May 2019

Propagasi pulsa optik pada serat optik nonlinier dapat dipelajari dengan memecahakan Persamaan Schrödinger nonlinier (NLS). Solusi persamaan NLS dapat dicari menggunakan metode perhitungan numerik yang menghasilkan gelombang soliton. Soliton gelap (dark soliton) menjadi salah satu solusi persamaan NLS. Karena keunggulannya soliton gelap dapat dimanfaatkan pada sistem serat optik. Split Step Fourier Method (SFFM) digunakan untuk mempelajari terbentuknya soliton gelap pada panjang gelombang mendekati daerah zero dispersion yang mengakibatkan dominannya suku dispersi orde tiga.
Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi & Finansial pada Masterplan Kawasan Industri Perikanan Kota Tarakan
Authors: FISU AMIRUDDIN AKBAR
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan pengkajian/penilaian kelayakan finansial terhadap rencana kegiatan pengembangan Kawasan industri perikanan dengan tujuan untuk menilai apakah masterplan Kawasan Industri Perikanan Tarakan layak untuk dikembangkan ditinjau dari sisi ekonomi dan bisnis. Metode yang digunakan untuk penilaian kelayakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan ukuran-ukuran BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio), NPV (Net Present Value), dan IRR (Internal Rate of Return). Dari hasil analisis dapat dikatakan bahwa perencanaan kawasan industry layak secara ekonomi maupun secara finansial.
Studi Arkeoastronomi: Kesegarisan Candi-Candi di Jawa Tengah dengan Objek Langit
Authors: Aini Nurul , Aprilia
Published: May 2019

Arkeoastronomi merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari pengetahuan manusia jaman dahulu tentang benda langit melalui peninggalan artefak, bangunan, dan budaya. Salah satu praktek arkeoastronomi adalah menjelaskan kesegarisan bangunan dengan posisi benda langit. Beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa candi di Jawa tengah, seperti candi Prambanan, Borobudur, Kalasan, Sewu, dan Pawon memiliki kesegarisan dengan objek yang ada di langit (Matahari dan/atau Bulan). Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, dicari kesegarisan candi-candi yang ada di Jawa Tengah dengan cara menghitung deklinasi dari arah hadap candi. Dari perhitungan deklinasi candi pada nilai ketinggian horison untuk objek langit saat terbit dan/atau terbenam didapatkan 12 dari 32 deklinasi candi di Jawa Tengah memiliki kesegarisan dengan equinox, winter solstice dan zenith passage Matahari. Selain itu, kemungkinan kesegarisan dicari dengan melakukan perhitungan deklinasi arah hadap candi pada berbagai ketinggian (0 derajat-90 derajat). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, 6 dari 20 candi yang ada di Jawa Tengah pada ketinggian hampir zenith passage memiliki kesegarisan dengan Matahari.
Pandangan Nong Darol Mahmada terhadap Pemakaian Jilbab
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk memperoleh pandangan Nong Darol Mahmada terhadap pemakaian jilbab. Pendekatan yang dipilih ialah kualitatif kategori deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik analisis konten terhadap karya tulis yang dibuat oleh Nong Darol Mahmada. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah Nong Darol Mahmada memandang bahwa: (1) Jilbab hanya salah satu bagian pakaian untuk perempuan; (2) Konsep jilbab dengan ragam istilah semakna punya sejarah sangat panjang yang tidak sepenuhnya milik Islam; (3) Pemakaian jilbab tidak perlu melalui pemaksaan, tapi atas dasar kerelaan baik karena alasan keyakinan atau kenyamanan berpakaian. Lebih lanjut, Nong Darol Mahmada menawarkan empat tipologi yang bisa dipakai saat melihat fenomena jilbab ini. Tipologi yang berhubungan terkait dengan motif, bentuk jilbab, dan gaya hidup pemakai jilbab ialah: (1) teologis; (2) psikologis; (3) modis; dan (4) politis. Melalui penelitian ini terungkap bahwa Nong Darol Mahmada memiliki pandangan apresiatif terhadap pemakaian jilbab yang membuatnya tidak memaksa orang lain untuk memakai maupun tidak memakai jilbab.
Peningkatan Layanan Supervisi Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di Sekolah
Authors: Liarni
Published: May 2019

Pendidikan di Indonesia sangat ditentukan oleh pelaksanaan supervise yang dilakukan pada setiap lembaga pendidikan.peningkatan layanan supervise sangat berpengaruh pada proses pelaksanaan supervise.dimana kualitas pembelajaran yang sangat jauh dari kata bermutu,kualitas pendidikan yang masih rendah.seharusnya memicu pelaksanaan supervise ditingkatkan.keruntutan pelaksanaan yang harus sistematis dalam melaksanakan,untuk mendapatkan proses supervise dapat berjalan sesuai yang di inginkan.supervisi sangat membantu dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru.yang selalu dilakukan pengawasan atau supervisi sangat berbeda kinerja dengan guru yang tidak dilakukan supervise ,dimana seseorang akan meningkat kinerjanya apabila ada yang mengawasinya.maka teori dan teknik supervise sangat perlu diterapkan oleh supervisor dalam melakukan pengawasan.
Hubungan Motivasi Belajar Dengan Hasil Belajar IPS dI SMP Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Sulfemi Wahyu Bagja
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPS di SMP Fathu Makkah 01. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP FathuMakkah 01 LeuwiliangKabupaten Bogor. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis lakukan adalah menggunakan angket (kuesioner) yang diberikan kepada siswa, dengan angket ini penulis mendapatkan data tentang motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Fathu Makkah 01 Kecamatan Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor. Setelah data tersebut diperoleh penulis menggunakan rumus presentase dan melakukan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan product momentdan menggunakan rumus koefisien determin untuk mengetahui kontribusi variabel X dan Y. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII sebanyak 120 orang, maka penulis mengambil sampel 25% dari jumlah tersebut, sehingga jumlah sampel penelitian menjadi 30 siswa yang terdiri dari 17 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan agustus s.d november 2014. Setelah penelitian dilakukan, penulis memperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Fathu Makkah 01 Leuwiliang Kabupaten bogor yaitu (0,981). Kontribusi motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS adalah (96,2%) dan (3,8%) ditentukan oleh faktor lain
Biracial Stereotypes Explored
Authors: Skinner Allison , Perry Sylvia , Gaither Sarah
Published: May 2019

Stereotypes often guide our perceptions of members of social groups. However, research has yet to document what stereotypes may exist for the fastest growing youth demographic in the U.S.—biracial individuals. Across seven studies (N = 1,104) we investigate what stereotypes are attributed to various biracial groups, whether biracial individuals are stereotyped as more similar to their lower status monoracial parent group (trait hypodescent), and whether contact moderates these stereotypes. Results provide evidence of some universal biracial stereotypes that are applied to all biracial groups: attractive and not fitting in or belonging. We also find that all biracial groups are attributed a number of unique stereotypes (i.e., which are not associated with their monoracial parent groups). However, across all studies, we find little evidence of trait hypodescent and no evidence that the tendency to engage in trait hypodescent varies as a function of contact.
Biased, aware, and threatened: Reducing bias-aware Whites' intergroup concerns through a moral affirmation
Authors: Perry Sylvia , Skinner-Dorkenoo Allison , Murphy Mary C , Parzonka Johannes , Dovidio John F.
Published: May 2019

Previous research shows that White individuals who are more aware of their propensity to express subtle racial bias experience heightened interracial anxiety. We propose that this anxiety may be a result of a moral deficit, resulting from bias awareness. In the present research, we examined whether framing bias awareness as reflecting moral versus personal insight, would moderate the relation between bias awareness and the tendency to feel anxious and avoidant of interracial interactions. Specifically, we investigated whether the framing of bias awareness would influence highly bias-aware White individuals’ (a) learning and performance orientations toward an ostensible online interaction with a Black person, (b) anticipated anxiety about interracial interactions, and (c) desire for interracial contact with outgroup members. Findings suggest that by framing bias awareness as a moral asset, we can increase people’s desire to learn about interracial interaction partners, alleviate their anxiety, and increase their desire for interracial contact.
Ego depletion may disappear by 2020
Authors: Vadillo Miguel A.
Published: May 2019

Ego depletion has been successfully replicated in hundreds of studies. Yet the most recent large-scale Registered Replication Reports (RRR), comprising thousands of participants, have yielded disappointingly small effects, sometimes even failing to reach statistical significance. Although these results may seem surprising, in the present article I suggest that they are perfectly consistent with a long-term decline in the size of the depletion effects that can be traced back to at least 10 years ago, well before any of the RRR on ego depletion were conceived. The decline seems to be at least partly due to a parallel trend toward publishing better and less biased research.
Influence of peripheral vision on object categorization in central vision
Authors: Roux-Sibilon Alexia , Trouilloud Audrey , Kauffmann Louise , Guyader Nathalie , Mermillod Martial , Peyrin Carole
Published: May 2019

Predictive models of visual recognition state that predictions based on the rapid processing of low spatial frequencies (LSF) may guide the subsequent processing of high spatial frequencies (HSF). While the HSF signal necessarily comes from central vision, most of the LSF signal comes from peripheral vision. The present study aimed at understanding how LSF in peripheral vision may be used to generate predictive signals that guide visual processes in central vision. In two experiments, participants performed an object categorization task in central vision while a semantically congruent or incongruent scene background was displayed in peripheral vision. In Experiment 1, results showed a congruence effect when the peripheral scene was displayed before the object onset. In Experiment 2, results showed a congruence effect only when the peripheral scene was intact, thus carrying a semantic meaning, but not when it was phase-scrambled, thus carrying only low-level information. The study suggests that the low resolution of peripheral vision facilitates the processing of foveated objects in the visual scene, in line with predictive models of visual recognition.
Autistic adults anticipate and integrate meaning based on the speaker’s voice: Evidence from eye-tracking and event-related potentials
Authors: Barzy Mahsa , Ferguson Heather Jane , Williams David , Black Jo
Published: May 2019

Typically developing (TD) individuals rapidly integrate information about a speaker and their intended meaning while processing sentences online. We examined whether the same processes are activated in autistic adults, and tested their timecourse in two pre-registered experiments. Experiment 1 employed the visual world paradigm. Participants listened to sentences where the speaker’s voice and message were either consistent or inconsistent (e.g. “When we go shopping, I usually look for my favourite wine”, spoken by an adult or a child), and concurrently viewed visual scenes including consistent and inconsistent objects (e.g. wine and sweets). All participants were slower to select the mentioned object in the inconsistent condition. Importantly, eye movements showed a visual bias towards the voice-consistent object, well before hearing the disambiguating word, showing that autistic adults rapidly use the speaker’s voice to anticipate the intended meaning. However, this target bias emerged earlier in the TD group compared to the autism group (2240ms vs 1800ms before disambiguation). Experiment 2 recorded ERPs to explore speaker-meaning integration processes. Participants listened to sentences as described above, and ERPs were time-locked to the onset of the target word. A control condition included a semantic anomaly. Results revealed an enhanced N400 for inconsistent speaker-meaning sentences that was comparable to that elicited by anomalous sentences, in both groups. Overall, contrary to research that has characterised autism in terms of a local processing bias and pragmatic dysfunction, autistic people were unimpaired at integrating multiple modalities of linguistic information, and were comparably sensitive to speaker-meaning inconsistency effects.
Identifying possible underlying mechanisms of developmental speech sound disorders with the Nonword Repetition Task
Authors: Cummings Alycia Erin , Ehrhorn Anna
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The Nonword Repetition Task (NRT) was used as a tool to examine possible underlying mechanisms of developmental speech sound disorders (SSD). Specifically, deficits related to phonological encoding were examined. Method: Twenty-four children with SSD (3-7 years) and 24 typically developing (TD) children were administered the NRT. Four accuracy measures were calculated: percent consonants correct (PCC), consonant place of articulation, consonant manner of articulation, and consonant voicing. In addition, the verbal response time to produce each nonword was measured.Results: Children with SSD were less accurate in their repetition of nonwords than TD children, even after their speech sound production ability was taken into account, suggesting that a deficit beyond articulation was affecting their performance. Children with SSD demonstrated phonological encoding difficulties, as their ability to accurately represent the phonetic articulation characteristics of consonants was impaired. Moreover, children with SSD demonstrated much faster verbal response times than their TD peers; more accurate NRT responses were correlated with slower verbal response times.Conclusion: These results suggest that children with SSD may have phonological encoding deficits, which might negatively impact their ability to accurately produce speech sounds. The NRT could be used to help identify underlying mechanisms of SSD, such a deficit in phonological encoding, which could lead to more effective treatment approaches.
Altering the availability of products within physical micro-environments: A conceptual framework
Authors: Pechey Rachel , Hollands Gareth J , Carter Patrice , Marteau Theresa
Published: May 2019

Altering the availability of products is one potential intervention to change behaviours to help reduce preventable premature deaths worldwide. However, research on these interventions lacks consistent conceptualisation, hindering clear reporting and cumulative synthesis. This paper proposes a conceptual framework – categorising intervention types and summarising constituent components – with which interventions can be reliably described and evidence synthesised. Three principal distinctions are proposed: interventions altering: (i) Absolute Availability (changing the overall number of options, while keeping the proportions comprised by any subsets of options constant); (ii) Relative Availability (changing the proportion comprised by a subset of options, yet keeping the overall number of options constant); (iii) Absolute and Relative Availability (changing both the overall number of options and the proportions comprised by subsets of options). These are subdivided into those targeting (a) a product or (b) a category of products. Mechanisms that might underlie each of these intervention types are discussed, and implications for future research highlighted. The proposed framework aims to facilitate study of a set of interventions that could contribute significantly to healthier behaviour across populations.
Grammatical Aspects in Tenseless Theory of Sinhala
Authors: Piyadigama Thamalu
Published: May 2019

Studying tense-and-aspect systems is a major area in linguistic studies. There is no example for grammatical aspects in Sinhala language mentioned in the academic literature on grammar. There were several stages of the development of tense theories. In my previous work “There are no tenses in Sinhala Language” I verified that all the tense theories for Sinhala language fail and the verb categories which are misunderstood as tenses are actually not tenses. This article summarizes the result of my previous work and describes my novel formulation in formal linguistic terms. The result is to understand the aspectual nature of the Sinhala verbs.
STEM Gender Gap and the Leaky Pipeline: A-levels to University
Authors: Hosein Anesa
Published: May 2019

Using a longitudinal cohort study, the LSYPE, the paper investigates the destination of boys and girls with a physical science, technology, engineering and mathematics (PSTEM) A-levels (secondary school examinations) into degree programmes. Boys were more likely to go into a PSTEM degree than girls (7 times vs 5 times). Girls were more likely to pursue a biological sciences or related degree. A PSTEM A-level appeared to be a factor in ensuring girls go into university. Whilst boys early life performance and self-concept in STEM subjects were factors influencing a PSTEM destination degree, for girls, this was only due to their socioeconomic background. This suggests that their systematic issues that influences girls entry into PSTEM degrees rather than their own cognitive or affective attitudes.
Introducción al Simposio Calidad de la atención en obstetricia
Authors: Santivañez Pimentel Alvaro Cesar
Published: May 2019

Avedis Donabedian desarrolló la singular tarea de adecuar los enfoques de calidad a los servicios de salud. En su propuesta puso en el centro de la atención a la seguridad del paciente. El estudio IBEAS (Iberoamerican study of adverse events) hizo evidente que una de las especialidades en las que era necesario abordar la seguridad del paciente es la ginecobstetricia. El Perú fue uno de los primeros países en Latinoamérica en elaborar propuestas nacionales sobre seguridad del paciente, por lo que el presente simposio tiene por objetivo recoger la experiencia nacional en la implementación de la seguridad del paciente en la atención obstétrica.
La notificación y análisis de los eventos adversos: experiencia en el HONADOMANI San Bartolomé
Authors: Santivañez Pimentel Alvaro Cesar
Published: May 2019

La atención obstétrica exige actualmente implementar la gestión de la calidad. Los esfuerzos por mejorar las coberturas de atención prenatal y el parto institucional han trasladado las muertes maternas al ámbito hospitalario. Esta mortalidad no podrá reducirse si no hay fuerte énfasis en gestionar la seguridad de la atención obstétrica. La gestión del riesgo de la atención obstétrica tiene por pieza fundamental la implementación de un sistema de notificación de eventos adversos. Este sistema permite identificar eventos centinelas, generar alertas de seguridad, encontrar tendencias y analizar los eventos. El análisis de los eventos centinelas solo es posible implementando una metodología validada tal como el análisis de barreras, el análisis de causa raíz y el AMFE (análisis de modos de falla y efectos). La experiencia del HONADOMANI San Bartolomé pone en evidencia que es posible implementar en nuestra realidad un sistema de gestión del riesgo.
Anemia aplásica durante el embarazo: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Sepúlveda-Rivera Cintia María , Vargas-Trujillo Samuel , Ruiz-Beltrán Arturo Maximiliano , Mora-Galván Jessica Aideé , Ramírez-Santes Víctor Hugo
Published: May 2019

Se presenta los resultados perinatales de una paciente con anemia aplásica. Se revisa el caso atendido en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México. La paciente tenía 22 años de edad y embarazo de 27,0 semanas con síndrome linfoproliferativo. La biopsia de médula ósea determinó anemia aplásica; el inmunofenotipo fue negativo a malignidad. El manejo consistió en soporte transfusional, con resolución del embarazo a las 35 semanas. Luego, se refirió la paciente a la unidad de trasplante de médula ósea.
Hematoma hepático espontáneo, serie de casos. Hospital San Bartolomé, junio 2014–mayo 2018
Authors: Zapata Díaz Betsy Micol , Ramírez Cabrera Juan Orestes , Cabrera Ramos Santiago Guillermo , Mejía Cabrera Fiorella Suhayl , Mendoza Solorzano Patricia Roxana
Published: May 2019

Objetivos. Determinar la incidencia, características epidemiológicas y clínicas y el manejo de pacientes con hematoma hepático espontáneo (HHE) asociado a síndrome HELLP. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos. Institución. Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Mujeres con diagnóstico de HHE. Métodos. Revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con HHE en el periodo junio de 2014 a mayo de 2018. Resultados. Se encontró 8 casos de HHE, incidencia de 1/3 632 nacimientos. La edad promedio fue 32 años, 100% fueron multíparas, 62,5% eran gestaciones a término, el síntoma más frecuente fue epigastralgia. El diagnóstico inicial de preeclampsia severa estuvo presente en 62,5% de los casos y todos evolucionaron a síndrome HELLP. En 37,5% se halló el HHE intracesárea y 62,5% se presentó en el puerperio. En 62,5% se realizó manejo quirúrgico inicial con empaquetamiento hepático. El 100% requirió UCI materna y 75% demandó transfusión sanguínea y/o de derivados. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron anemia y absceso hepático (75%). La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue 27 días. Se encontró una muerte materna (12,5%). Conclusiones. El hematoma hepático en nuestro hospital es una emergencia obstétrica por el riesgo elevado de mortalidad y morbilidad extrema, siendo la sospecha clínica y el diagnóstico temprano herramientas valiosas para la toma oportuna de decisiones; predominó el manejo quirúrgico.
La investigación en la especialidad de Ginecología y Obstetricia. ¿Un problema vigente?
Authors: Matzumura Kasano Juan Pedro
Published: May 2019

Damos la bienvenida a los lectores de nuestra revista, agradecemos su preferencia, sus importantes aportes y ratificamos el compromiso de seguir trabajando para compartir las investigaciones de la especialidad, en la seguridad de que serán de utilidad en su práctica médica. En la actualidad en los países desarrollados, la investigación y la innovación evidencian un crecimiento sostenido, mientras en países como el nuestro, los avances son insuficientes. Algunos estudios reportan que ninguna universidad latinoamericana se encuentra dentro de las 100 mejores universidades del mundo y que Latinoamérica ocupa los últimos lugares. En los últimos años, solo cinco universidades del país destacan en el ámbito de la investigación, pero en lugares no privilegiados; ellas son la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Universidad Agraria de la Molina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.
Del Editor sobre la Salud de la Mujer
Authors: Pacheco-Romero José
Published: May 2019

La investigación sobre los resultados de salud de las mujeres en miles de artículos publicados en un número infinito de revistas médicas. No es posible leer toda esta nueva literatura y no todos los artículos son de acceso abierto. En esta sección, tratamos de resumir parte de esta investigación, el conocimiento que podemos aplicar en nuestro trabajo diario.
Tecnología y profesionalismo como herramientas que nos ayudan a mejorar los resultados en técnicas de reproducción asistida
Authors: Gazzo Benavides Eduardo
Published: May 2019

En estos últimos años la demanda por los procedimientos de reproducción asistida se ha ido incrementando de manera considerable. Todo parece indicar que esta tendencia va a seguir por este mismo camino, lo que nos obliga a los profesionales del área reproductiva a estar actualizados en cuanto a los últimos avances en tecnología y preparación de personal, con la única finalidad de ofrecer a los pacientes mejores tasas de embarazo. El actual objetivo de la reproducción asistida es conseguir la gestación y que esta llegue a término tras la primera transferencia de un embrión único. Ello supone un gran reto, dado que implica el esfuerzo conjunto por conseguir que la mayoría de nuestras pacientes logren el ansiado bebe sano en casa. Por ello, desde hace unos años asumimos este compromiso y entendimos que la única manera de alcanzar este objetivo era utilizar todas las herramientas disponibles que la tecnología nos puede ofrecer en el ámbito reproductivo.
Las contracciones en blastocistos humanos se correlacionan con aneuploidía, menor implantación y mayor tiempo de llegada a blastocisto: estudio retrospectivo con incubadora TIME-LAPSE
Authors: Gazzo Eduardo , Peña Fernando , Valdez Federico , Chung Arturo , Ascenzo Mario , Velit Marcelo , Escudero Ernesto
Published: May 2019

Objetivos. Estudiar los patrones de contracciones en blastocistos humanos mediante el uso de una incubadora time-lapse y correlacionarlos con su estado de ploidía por análisis PGT-A, el tiempo para alcanzar el estado blastocisto, la tasa de implantación y de embarazo clínico. Diseño. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Intervenciones. Entre octubre 2016 y mayo 2018, se evaluó 270 pacientes; se hizo cultivo extendido de 5 a 6 días a 912 embriones en la incubadora time-lapse (Embryoscope, Vitrolife), y a 778 se les estudió para aneuploidía usando una plataforma NGS en un laboratorio de referencia. Hubo posterior vitrificación, según resultado del desarrollo embrionario y en espera del resultado del NGS, seguido de desvitrificación y transferencia de embrión único. Se determinó las contracciones del blastocisto (CTB) mediante la herramienta de dibujo del embrión EmbryoViewer (EmbryoViewer drawing tools), de manera de obtener el área, porcentaje de contracción y los diferentes tipos de contracciones, y se comparó los embriones con el resultado del estudio genético mediante NGS. Se transfirió 182 embriones en pacientes de 30,4 años promedio, rango entre 24 y 39 años. Finalmente, se correlacionó la tasa de implantación y embarazo clínico de los embriones euploides que fueron transferidos, en el programa de reproducción asistida. Resultados. Se separó los embriones en dos grupos de acuerdo a las contracciones durante su desarrollo, en aquellos que las tuvieron (CT) y aquellos que no, denominados ‘solo expanding’ (SE). Los embriones SE fueron euploides en 58,3%, mientras los embriones CT fueron aneuploides en 53,6%, con significancia estadística (p=0,012). Ello indica que la mayoría de los embriones euploides hacen ‘solo expanding’ durante su desarrollo, mientras que la mayoría de los embriones aneuploides (53,9%) hacen contracciones durante su desarrollo (p=0,029). Del mismo modo, la tasa de embarazo clínico de los embriones SE euploides fue 63,1% frente a 46,7% de los embriones CT, p=0.012. Finalmente, los embriones euploides CT tardaron más en convertirse en blastocistos tempranos que los embriones SE, p=0.004. La edad de la mujer no representó un factor para contracción embrionaria. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran que los embriones que muestran contracciones, sin importar que tan intensas sean, están relacionados con mayor probabilidad de aneuploidías, menor tasa de implantación y ritmos de división lentos. El simple hecho de observar contracciones en un embrión podría ser útil para decidir transferir otro embrión que no las haya tenido. Se requiere más estudios para comprobar estos hallazgos.
Fetoscopia y fotocoagulación láser en el manejo del síndrome de transfusión feto fetal: serie de los primeros casos tratados en el Perú
Authors: Ventura Laveriano Walter , Novoa Reyes Rommy , Castillo Urquiaga Walter , Zárate Girao Mario , Huertas Tacchino Erasmo , Nazario Redondo Conny , Sánchez Góngora Amadeo , Bernuy Chávez Luis
Published: May 2019

El síndrome de transfusión feto fetal es una complicación severa de los embarazos gemelares monocoriónicos, que fisiopatológicamente se manifiesta con un feto hipovolémico (donante) y un feto hipervolémico (receptor). Conlleva una mortalidad perinatal de 90 a 100% si no es tratado. El tratamiento aceptado es la fetoscopia y fotocoagulación láser selectiva de las anastomosis placentarias que conectan ambos gemelos, procedimiento especializado que se viene realizando solo en nuestra institución. Se presenta los primeros casos de gestación gemelar monocoriónica complicado con síndrome de transfusión feto fetal sometidos a fetoscopia y fotocoagulación laser.
Carcinoma sebáceo extraocular de vulva. Reporte de caso
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Rondón-Tapia Marta , Torres-Cepeda Duly
Published: May 2019

El carcinoma sebáceo es un tumor maligno poco frecuente de la piel que generalmente aparece en la región de cabeza y cuello. Su curso clínico es agresivo y las recidivas locales / metástasis a distancia son habituales. Se han notificado algunos casos de carcinoma sebáceo del tracto genital femenino. Aunque las glándulas sebáceas son prominentes en la vulva, los carcinomas sebáceos rara vez ocurren en esta ubicación. Poco se conoce sobre el comportamiento y pronóstico de este tipo de cáncer. Se presenta un caso de paciente de 69 años con antecedentes de un tumor de 3 × 2 centímetros por 9 meses, en el labio mayor izquierdo. No tenía antecedentes médicos o familiares de neoplasias malignas. Se observó aumento de tamaño durante este período; por lo demás, estaba asintomático. La lesión fue extirpada totalmente. El tumor estaba compuesto por lóbulos de células tumorales con diferenciación sebácea. El informe histopatológico reveló carcinoma sebáceo de vulva. Debe diferenciarse de otros carcinomas vulvares morfológicamente similares, pero biológicamente distinto.
COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL AND ANATOLIAN BEE VENOM IN TERMS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Samancı Taylan , Kekeçoğlu Meral
Published: May 2019

We compared fresh bee venom samples produced by Anatolian beekeepers with commercial bee venom samples based on physicochemical analyses results. Sugar content analysis was conducted using HPLC-RID, moisture content analysis was performed using a moisture analyzer and melittin, apamin and phospholipase A2 contents were analyzed via HPLC-UV. When we compared the commercial bee venom samples with the freshly collected Anatolian honey bee venom, it was determined that the apamin, melittin and phospholipase A2 contents were generally lower in the commercial bee venom samples. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the moisture and phospholipase A2 contents (p <0.5). When we evaluated the sugar profile analysis, other than in maltose and erlose no difference was found between the two groups. The results showed that the content quality of the fresh bee venom samples collected from Anatolian honey bees was higher than that of the commercially sold bee venom samples. This result clearly indicated that bee venom samples intended for use in apitherapy or for cosmetic purposes should be obtained fresh or kept under very good conditions.
VARROA MÜCADELESİNDE SENTETİK VE ORGANİK AKARİSİTLERİN KULLANIM OLANAKLARI
Authors: Demirel Mert , Keskin Gizem , Kumral Nabi Alper
Published: May 2019

Bal arılarının en önemli paraziti olan Varroa spp., bal arıların hemolenfini
emerek koloninin zayıflamasına, ileri aşamalarda ise diğer hastalıklara karşı
daha duyarlı hale gelmesine ve koloninin sönmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu zararlı ile mücadele de birçok ruhsatlı kimyasal
preparat Varroa mücadelesinde etkili
olmakta, ancak aynı etken maddenin yoğun kullanılması parazitin bu kimyasallara
karşı bağışıklık kazanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu kimyasalların bilinçsiz
kullanımı arıların sağlıklarını tehdit ettiği gibi arı ürünlerinde kalıntı bırakarak
insan sağlığını da tehlikeye sokmaktadır. Son yıllarda araştırmalar, doğada kolay parçalanan doğal bileşikler
oldukları için ve kimyasal kalıntı bırakmaması ve bağışıklık
oluşturmaması gibi özelliklerinden dolayı bitkisel orjinli preparatlara odaklanmıştır. Bazı esansiyel yağ
asitleri ile Varroa mücadelesinde
başlıca thymol, oksalik asit ve kekik [(Thymus
caucasicus) (Lamiaceae)] yağı olmakla beraber çördük [(Hyssopus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae)] otu yağı, laktik asit, kostik
asit, karanfil [(Syzygium aromaticum
L. (Myrtaceae)] yağı, okaliptüs [(Eucalyptus
globulus) (Myrtaceae)] yağı ve nane [(Mentha
piperita) (Lamiaceae)] özütü gibi hem sadece özüt hemde bunların karışımı
ile yapılan preparatlar kullanılmakta ve başarılı sonuçlar alınmaktadır. Bu
derleme çalışmasında hem sentetik kimyasalların etkinliği ve bazı olumsuz
etkilerinden bahsedilirken, aynı zamanda bu organik etken maddelerin Varroa ve bal arıları üzerindeki
kullanım olanaklarına da değinilecektir.Düzeltme: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uluaricilik/issue/54707/764600