bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The labor of assetization: producing ‘hypergrowth’ inside a tech startup
Authors: Shestakofsky Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Venture capitalists maximize profits not by ‘squeezing’ efficiencies out of established companies, but instead by promoting ceaseless experimentation aimed at helping startups achieve ‘hypergrowth’. To date, there is limited empirical evidence of both how startups achieve hypergrowth, and the impact of these practices on organizations and workers. This article draws on 19 months of participant-observation research inside a venture-backed startup I call AllDone to trace the links between the institution of venture capital and the organization of work. Although AllDone executives engaged in cost-cutting strategies common to other financialized firms, they also developed distinctive corporate strategies and organizational structures. Each of the company’s three work teams was organized to perform interdependent functions in support of venture capital’s imperative for rapid and exponential asset value inflation. I conclude with a discussion of the article’s implications for research on venture capital, startup work, and the relationship between financialization and work more broadly.
Revisiting Criminal Law Bills: An In-Depth Critical Analysis of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Bill
Authors: Bajpai Arushi , Gupta Akash , Indusekhar Akshath
Published: September 2024

In an attempt to revise the criminal laws, India has introduced three new criminal law bills in the Lok Sabha in August 2023, which later received a few recommendations from the parliamentary committee and recently got a nod from the President of India. These bills have been diligently formulated after consultation with the apex court, the high courts, some of the most renowned law universities in the country, and other experts in the field. However, there have been a lot of drafting errors in the new bills. Since the time it has been introduced, it has been highly criticized by all the scholars and lawyers across the nation. The idea of overhauling the criminal law acts was to go away from the colonial law provisions and frame the laws with Indian context. The IPC will be changed after around 163 years. However, the author believes that the colonial laws remain intact in the new bills. This article has seen all the changes that new bills are cringing providing special focus to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sahinta (BNS) and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS). The author has mentioned all the changes brought in the BNS and BNSS and the critiques of the new bills.
Nearly instantaneous stem diameter response to fluctuations in the atmospheric water demand
Authors: Salomón Roberto L , Puértolas Jaime , Miranda José Carlos , Pita Pilar
Published: September 2024

Changes in vapour pressure deficit can lead to the depletion and replenishment of stem water pools to buffer water potential variations in the xylem. Yet, the precise velocity at which stem water pools track environmental cues remains poorly explored. Nine eucalyptus seedlings grown in a glasshouse experienced high-frequency environmental oscillations and their stem radial variations (ΔR) were monitored at a 30-s temporal resolution in upper and lower stem locations and on the bark and xylem. The stem ΔR response to vapour pressure deficit changes was nearly instantaneous (<1 min), while temperature lagged behind stem ΔR. No temporal differences in the stem ΔR response were observed between locations. Punctual gravimetric measurements confirmed the synchrony between transpiration and stem ΔR dynamics. These results indicate (i) that stem-stored water can respond to the atmospheric evaporative demand much faster than commonly assumed and (ii) that the origin of the water released to the transpiration stream seems critical in determining time lags in stem water pool dynamics. Near-zero time lags may be explained by the high elasticity of eucalyptus woody tissues and the predominant water use from the xylem, circumventing the hydraulic radial barriers to water flow from/to the outer tissues.
Poverty and Prices: Assessing the Impact of the 2017 PPPs on the International Poverty Line and Global Poverty
Authors: Jolliffe ⓡ Dean , Mahler ⓡ Daniel Gerszon , Lakner ⓡ Christoph , Atamanov ⓡ Aziz , Tetteh-Baah Samuel Kofi
Published: September 2024

Purchasing power parities (PPPs) are used to estimate the international poverty line (IPL) in a common currency and account for relative price differences across countries when measuring global poverty. This paper assesses the impact of the 2017 PPPs on the nominal value of the IPL and global poverty. Updating the $1.90 IPL in 2011 PPP dollars to 2017 PPP dollars results in an IPL of $2.15—a finding that is robust to various methods. Based on an updated IPL of $2.15, the global extreme poverty rate in 2017 falls from the previously estimated 9.3 to 9.1 percent, reducing the count of people who are poor by 15 million. This is a modest change compared with previous updates of PPP data. The paper also assesses the methodological stability between the 2011 and 2017 PPPs, scrutinizes large changes at the country level, and updates alternative, complementary poverty lines with the 2017 PPPs.
Effects of Clinic-based and Telerehabilitation-based Motor Control Exercises in Individuals with Chronic Low-back Pain
Authors: Fanuscu Aybüke , Öz Müzeyyen , Özel Asliyüce Yasemin , Turhan Egemen , Ülger Özlem
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of clinic-based and telerehabilitation-based motor control exercises in individuals with chronic low-back pain 3 months posttreatment.

Methods:

Forty-two participants were randomized to either clinic-based or telerehabilitation-based groups, performing exercises 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Assessments were conducted pre-intervention, postintervention and 1 and 3 month follow-ups. The primary outcome was pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale) for low-back pain.

Results:

Both exercise approaches were found to be similarly effective in improving pain disability, quality of life (except for emotional response, energy level, sleep, and social isolation), and pain catastrophizing at both follow-up time points. The Visual Analog Scale showed statistically significant reductions in pain from baseline at all time points in both groups (P<0.001), with effect sizes ranging from moderate to strong. Nottingham Health Profile showed significant improvements in physical activity, pain, and total score, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to strong. No statistically significant changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters were observed in either group. According to the postintervention intention-to-treat analysis, lumbar flexion range of motion showed statistically significant improvements in both groups with small effect sizes (P <0.05).

Discussion:

Telerehabilitation-based motor control exercises proved as effective as clinic-based methods in treating chronic low-back pain, offering a viable alternative tailored to individual needs and circumstances.
The Increase in Early Menarche is Associated With the Increase in Chronic Back Pain in Female Adolescents
Authors: Roman-Juan Josep , Jensen Mark P. , Miró Jordi
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Research has shown that there has been an increase in the prevalence of chronic back pain (CBP) in adolescents, especially in female adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the observed increase in the prevalence of early menarche in female adolescents is contributing to the increase in the prevalence of CBP over time in this population.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data from 251,390 female adolescents from 27 countries/regions were drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children questionnaire-based surveys conducted in 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. The Karlson-Holm-Breen method was used to examine the explanatory role of the increase in the prevalence of early menarche on the increase in the prevalence of CBP while controlling for socioeconomic status, physical activity, body mass index, and psychological symptoms.

Results:

The increase in the prevalence of early menarche between 2002 and 2014 was associated with the increase in the prevalence of CBP (P < 0.001). The percent of CBP prevalence increase accounted for by the increase in early menarche was 2.2%.

Conclusions:

The increase in the prevalence of CBP in female adolescents observed over the last decade may be explained, in part, by the decrease in the age of menarche. This finding, coupled with research showing a decline in early menarche worldwide, highlights the need to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of the association between early menarche and pain—particularly CBP—in female adolescents.
Dual role of BCL11B in T-cell malignancies
Authors: Przybylski Grzegorz K. , Przybylska Julia , Li Yangqiu
Published: September 2024

The zinc finger transcription factor B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B gene (BCL11B, CTIP2) plays a crucial role in T-cell development, but its role in T-cell malignancies has not yet been definitively clarified. In the literature, 2 contradictory hypotheses on the function of BCL11B exist. One suggests that BCL11B functions as tumor suppressor gene, and the other suggests that BCL11B functions as oncogene. The aim of this review is to revise the current knowledge about the function of BCL11B in T-cell malignancies, confront these 2 hypotheses and present a new model of dual role of BCL11B in T-cell malignancies and potential new therapeutic approach, based on recent findings of the function of BCL11B in DNA damage repair. Decreased BCL11B expression, resulting in deficient DNA repair, may facilitate DNA mutations in rapidly proliferating T-cell progenitors that undergo gene rearrangements, thereby leading to malignant transformation. On the other hand, decreased BCL11B expression and inefficient DNA repair may result in accumulation of DNA damages in genes crucial for the cell survival and in apoptosis of malignant T cells. We hypothesize that T-cell malignancies expressing high levels of BCL11B might be dependent on it. In those cases, targeted inhibition of BCL11B expression may have a therapeutic effect. The antitumor effect of BCL11B suppression might be strengthened by generation of induced T to NK cells (ITNK). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a specific BCL11B inhibitor.
Distal Tibial Dome Osteotomy With Ilizarov Fixation in Correction of Ankle Deformity Resulting From Malunited Ankle Fusion
Authors: Diab Ramy A. , Abdelghaffar Khaled , Rashid Kyrillos , Gemeah Mostafa , El Ghazawy Ahmed K.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Distal tibial osteotomy is used in the treatment of ankle deformities. Many methods of fixation of this osteotomy were described, including plates, pins, and ilizarov. Dome osteotomy is a cylindrical osteotomy with no bone loss, with the axis of bone is rotated around the center of the circle. We conducted a case series of treatment of ankle deformity due to malunited ankle fusion with distal tibial dome osteotomy.

Methods:

Eight patients with a history of poliomyelitis with ankle deformity due to a malunited ankle fusion underwent distal tibial dome osteotomy with ilizarov fixation for deformity correction. Postoperative follow up was done up to 12 months postoperatively. We intended to follow up the union of the osteotomy, the axis of the limb, the external clinical appearance, and patient satisfaction.

Results:

Deformity correction was achieved in all patients regarding the clinical alignment, with no apparent clinical residual deformity in coronal, sagittal plane, or rotational deformity, the limb was cosmetically straight with a plantigrade foot satisfactory to the patients with improving quality of gait. The osteotomy fully united in all patients in a period of 8 to 11 weeks with an average of 9.3 weeks, after which frame was removed. No patient had nonunion or delayed union of the osteotomy. Three patients had pin tract infection during the period of the fixator which was treated by local dressings and antibiotics.

Conclusion:

Distal tibial focal dome osteotomy fixed by ilizarov is an effective treatment option in malunited ankle fusion deformities.
Immunohistochemical Expression of CXCL 10 in Vitiligo
Authors: Abdelmonem Asmaa Omar , Abdel-Latif Amany Mohammad , Mohamed Dareen Abdulaziz , Rezk Hassan Ghada Fawzy
Published: September 2024

Background:

Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes from the epidermis. Cysteine x cysteine motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) is linked to the Th1 pattern and has been suggested as one of the most relevant chemokine axes that promote T-cell migration in different autoimmune and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CXCL 10 in skin lesions of patients with vitiligo to explore its possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Methods:

In this prospective, case-control study, we examined biopsies from the lesional skin of 20 patients with vitiligo for IHC expression of CXCL 10: 10 patients presented with stable nonsegmental vitiligo (group A), 10 patients presented with active nonsegmental vitiligo (group B), and 10 apparently healthy volunteers were examined as controls (group C).

Results:

Nine patients in group A had mild IHC expression of CXCL 10 (+1) and 1 patient had moderate expression (+2). In group B, 8 patients had strong expression of CXCL 10 (+3), and the remaining patients had moderate expression (+2). However, there was no expression of CXCL 10 in all skin specimens in the control group.

Conclusions:

CXCL10 IHC expression was increased in vitiligo lesions indicating a possible role in the pathogenesis of disease. The expression was significantly increased in active vitiligo compared with stable vitiligo.
Lipid-Laden Floret-Like Multinucleated Giant Cells: A Novel Histopathologic Observation in Rhinophyma
Authors: Daruish Maged , Patalay Rakesh , Calonje Eduardo , Stefanato Catherine M.
Published: September 2024

Rhinophyma is the advanced stage of rosacea and manifests clinically with disfigurement of the nose. The histopathology has been classified into classical and severe types. We studied the clinicopathological characteristics of 8 cases with the diagnosis of rhinophyma. In 5 of 9 specimens, floret-like multinucleated giant cells containing lipid were identified. This finding, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma Case Reports With Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Test and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chai Jingxiu , Tang Yichen , Chen Yuchong , Liu Yeqiang
Published: September 2024

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is known as a rare and highly malignant neuroendocrine skin cancer and often occurs in the sun-exposed parts of the elderly individuals. In this article, we reported 2 cases of MCC and reviewed relative literature. Case 1 was a 91-year-old woman who presented with a half-year history of a brown nodule on the left temple. The histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination diagnosis was MCC with negative staining of Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen (CM2B4). Case 2 was a 76-year-old man with a nodule on his right buttock that gradually increased from approximately 3 mm to 1.5 cm in diameter in 1 month without pain. The biopsy diagnosis was MCC with positive staining of CM2B4. Previous studies have found that the genetic mutation and prognosis of polyomavirus-associated MCC (MCCP) and nonviral MCC (MCCN) are significantly different. Large T antigen plays a crucial role in Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncogenesis. Testing for the MCPyV at the onset of MCC is recommended, which is helpful in predicting the prognosis of patients.
Efficacy of RCI001 as a Therapeutic Candidate in a Primary Sjögren Syndrome Mouse Model
Authors: Kang Hyereen , Jung Young-ho , Moon Jayoon , Ryu Jin Suk , Yoon Chang Ho , Kim Yong Ho , Kim Mee Kum , Kim Dong Hyun
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of RCI001 (RCI) in a mouse model of primary Sjögren syndrome.

Methods:

Eight 12-week-old NOD.B10-H2b mice were used in this study. All experimental animals were randomly divided into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and RCI groups in NOD.B10-H2b mice. The eyes of mice were topically treated with PBS or RCI twice a day for a week. Ocular surface staining (OSS) and tear secretion were compared between before and after treatment. The transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) in the conjunctiva and cornea (CC) and lacrimal gland were assayed. In addition, immunofluorescence staining of the conjunctiva was assessed.

Results:

The RCI group showed significant clinical improvement in OSS and tear secretion after 1 week of treatment compared with the baseline (both P < 0.001) and showed better improvement in OSS and tear secretion than the PBS group after 1 week of treatment (both P < 0.05). The levels of IL-1β and IL-17 in CC and IL-6 in the lacrimal gland were also significantly reduced in the RCI group compared with the PBS group (each P < 0.05). Transcript levels of NOX2 and NOX4 were also significantly reduced in CC of the RCI group compared with those of the PBS group (P < 0.05). The RCI group also resulted in lower conjunctival expression of oxidative stress markers (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, hexanoyl-lysine, and NOX4) than the PBS group.

Conclusions:

Topical RCI001 demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of primary Sjögren syndrome by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.
Primary Conjunctival Molluscum Contagiosum in a Patient With Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Zidan Asmaa A. , Kaufman Aaron R. , Stagner Anna M. , Jacobs Deborah S. , Dana Reza , Yin Jia
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Primary conjunctival molluscum contagiosum (MC) is rare and usually reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In this study, we present a case of bilateral primary conjunctival MC in a patient with ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD).

Methods:

This is a case report study. Clinical evaluation, in vivo confocal microscopy imaging, and histopathology were used to confirm the diagnosis.

Results:

A 38-year-old woman with a history of allogeneic bone marrow transplant and secondary chronic oGVHD presented with ocular discomfort, redness, and dryness. On examination, clusters of white gelatinous nodular lesions, stained with fluorescein and Lissamine green, were observed on the bulbar conjunctiva, along with similar solitary nodular lesions in all quadrants of both eyes. In vivo confocal microscopy revealed nests of epithelial cells with bright inclusions measuring approximately 30–35 μm. Excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of MC. A 6-month post-operative follow-up showed healed conjunctiva with no recurrence and improved ocular comfort.

Conclusions:

Molluscum contagiosum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conjunctival lesions in patients with impaired immunity such as oGVHD. In diagnosing MC lesions, in vivo confocal microscopy proves to be valuable. In the absence of topical antiviral treatment, surgical excision is warranted.
Self-management interventions for chronic widespread pain including fibromyalgia: a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Hu Xiao-Yang , Young Ben , Santer Miriam , Everitt Hazel , Pearson Jen , Bowers Hannah , Moore Michael , Little Paul , Pincus Tamar , Price Cathy , Robson Tom , de Barros Clara , Loewy Jane , Magee Jenny , Geraghty Adam W. A.
Published: September 2024

Supporting behavioural self-management is increasingly important in the care for chronic widespread pain (CWP), including fibromyalgia. Understanding peoples' experiences of these interventions may elucidate processes and mechanisms that lead to or hinder their intended impact. We conducted a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies exploring peoples' experiences of self-management interventions for CWP, including fibromyalgia. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Primary qualitative or mixed-methods studies were included if they explored people's self-management intervention experiences for their CWP, including fibromyalgia. Screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal were conducted by 2 reviewers. Data analysis was conducted through thematic synthesis. Twenty-three studies were included, mostly were rated as high or moderate quality. We developed 4 analytic themes: A multifaceted experience of the intervention, potential for transformative experience of group cohesion, a new outlook, and striving for change after the loss of support. Broadly, personalisation was perceived as beneficial and people experienced a range of emotional experiences. These appeared to support positive behavioural and cognitive changes. For most, group activities promoted acceptance and support, fostering new perspectives and improved self-management, although some found aspects of group contexts challenging. Lack of on-going support after interventions led to challenges in applying behavioural strategies, and some struggled without social support from the group. The experiences of self-management interventions for CWP reflect a complex, multifaceted process. Although many reported positive experiences, addressing issues with integration of physical activity, group dynamics and postintervention support may improve effectiveness for a broader range of people.
The Effect of Bye Weeks on Injury Event Rates in the Canadian Football League
Authors: Lee Caitlin , Batomen Brice , Naidu Dhiren , Hoeber Shane , McCormack Robert , Steele Russell , Nandi Arijit , Shrier Ian
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To determine the effect of bye weeks (no practices or games) on the injury event rate in the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Design:

Historical (retrospective) cohort study.

Setting:

CFL.

Participants:

CFL athletes between 2011 and 2018.

Intervention:

CFL pseudorandom assignment of bye weeks each season (2011-2013: 1; 2014-2017: 2; 2018: 3).

Main Outcome Measures:

Game injury incident rate ratio (IRR) in the week following a bye week compared with non–bye weeks. Sensitivity analyses: IRR for the 2 and 3 weeks following a bye week. We conducted exploratory analyses for combined game and practice injury events because we did not have the number of players exposed during practice.

Results:

The IRR was 0.96 (0.87-1.05), suggesting no meaningful effect of a bye week on the post–bye week game injury event rate. We obtained similar results for cumulative game injury events for subsequent weeks: IRR was 1.02 (0.95-1.10) for the 2 weeks following the bye week and 1.00 (0.93-1.06) for the 3 weeks following the bye week. The results were similar with 1, 2, or 3 bye weeks. However, the combined game and practice injury event rate was increased following the bye week [IRR = 1.14 (1.05-1.23)]. These results are expected if the break period results in medical clearance for preexisting injuries; increasing pain in these locations following the bye week would now be considered new injuries instead of “exacerbations.”

Conclusions:

Bye weeks do not appear to meaningfully reduce the injury event rate. Furthermore, there was no injury reduction when adding additional bye weeks to the schedule.
Survival benefit of liver transplantation utilizing marginal donor organ according to ABO blood type
Authors: Akabane Miho , Bekki Yuki , Inaba Yosuke , Imaoka Yuki , Esquivel Carlos O. , Kwong Allison , Kim W. Ray , Sasaki Kazunari
Published: September 2024

The current liver transplantation (LT) allocation policy focuses on the MELD scores, often overlooking factors like blood type and survival benefits. Understanding blood types’ impact on survival benefits is crucial for optimizing the MELD 3.0 classification. This study used the United Network for Organ Sharing national registry database (2003–2020) to identify LT characteristics per ABO blood type and to determine the optimal MELD 3.0 scores for each blood type, based on survival benefits. The study included candidates of LT aged 18 years or older listed for LT (total N=150,815; A: 56,546, AB: 5841, B: 18,500, O: 69,928). Among these, 87,409 individuals (58.0%) underwent LT (A:32,156, AB: 4,362, B: 11,786, O: 39,105). Higher transplantation rates were observed in AB and B groups, with lower median MELD 3.0 scores at transplantation (AB: 21, B: 24 vs. A/O: 26, p<0.01) and shorter waiting times (AB: 101 d, B:172 d vs. A: 211 d, O: 201 d, p<0.01). A preference for donation after cardiac death (DCD) was seen in A and O recipients. Survival benefit analysis indicated that B blood type required higher MELD 3.0 scores for transplantation than A and O (donation after brain death transplantation: ≥15 in B vs. ≥11 in A/O; DCD transplantation: ≥21 in B vs. ≥11 in A, ≥15 in O). The study suggests revising the allocation policy to consider blood type for improved post-LT survival. This calls for personalized LT policies, recommending higher MELD 3.0 thresholds, particularly for individuals with type B blood.
Sound Measurements in Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Review in 171 Patients
Authors: Ubbink Sander W. J. , Hofman Rutger , van Dijk Pim , van Dijk J. Marc C.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic application of external ear canal sound measurements in pulsatile tinnitus (PT).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review on a prospective series of sound measurements.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Patients

A cohort of 171 PT patients with sound measurements during diagnostic workup for PT (2016–2023).

Main Outcome Measure

The percentages of PT patients per pathology and diagnosis, with PT objectified by sound measurements.

Results

In 57% of the patients, an identifiable etiology that could explain the PT was identified using various imaging modalities. The PT could be detected with a sound measurement in the ear canal in 48% of these patients. In absence of an identifiable etiology, an objective PT was found in only 15% of the cases. PT was more often detected for patients with arterial pathologies than venous or nonvascular pathologies (73% vs 50% and 22%, respectively). Particularly, in PT patients with a DAVF, an objective PT was found for all patients (100%). The sound measurements were found to be more sensitive than auscultation in detecting bruits in PT patients.

Conclusion

A sound recording can objectify PT in almost half of the cases with a diagnosis as determined by imaging. In patients where the PT cannot be detected, arterial pathologies (particularly DAVFs) are less likely. Combined with a thorough clinical evaluation and proper imaging studies, sound measurements can be of added value in the clinical pathway of PT patients.
An abnormal metabolism-related gene, ALG3, is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Reyimu Abdusemer , Cheng Xiang , Liu Wen , Kaisaier Aihemaitijiang , Wang Xinying , Sha Yinzhong , Guo Ruijie , Paerhati Pawuziye , Maimaiti Maimaituxun , He Chuanjiang , Li Li , Zou Xiaoguang , Xu Aimin
Published: September 2024

Background:

To explore the abnormal metabolism-related genes that affect the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and analyze the relationship with immune infiltration and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.

Methods:

Transcriptome data of LUAD were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Abnormal metabolism-related differentially expressed genes in LUAD were screened by the R language. Cox analysis was used to construct LUAD prognostic risk model. Kaplan–Meier test, ROC curve and nomograms were used to evaluate the predictive ability of metabolic related gene prognostic model. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the relationship between risk score and immune infiltration. The starBase database constructed a regulatory network consistent with the ceRNA hypothesis. IHC experiments were performed to verify the differential expression of ALG3 in LUAD and paracancerous samples.

Results:

In this study, 42 abnormal metabolism-related differential genes were screened. After survival analysis, the final 5 metabolism-related genes were used as the construction of prognosis model, including ALG3, COL7A1, KL, MST1, and SLC52A1. In the model, the survival rate of LUAD patients in the high-risk subgroup was lower than that in the low-risk group. In addition, the risk score of the constructed LUAD prognostic model can be used as an independent prognostic factor for patients. According to the analysis of CIBERSORT algorithm, the risk score is related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells. The potential ceRNA network of model genes in LUAD was constructed through the starBase database. IHC experiments revealed that ALG3 expression was upregulated in LUAD.

Conclusion:

The prognostic model of LUAD reveals the relationship between metabolism and prognosis of LUAD, and provides a novel perspective for diagnosis and research of LUAD.
Malignant transformation of ovarian mature cystic teratoma with rupture, elevated serum CA199, CA12, CEA: A case report
Authors: Chen Liang , Dong Lijie
Published: September 2024

Rationale:

Reports of mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) with associated complications and changes in serum cancer antigen levels are rare. Herein, we report a rare case of MCT with associated complications (rupture and malignant transformation), high levels of serum cancer antigens (CA19-9, CA12, and CEA), and surgical therapy.

Patient concerns:

An 81-year-old woman was referred to our emergency department because of diffuse abdominal pain and distension for 20 days.

Diagnoses:

Imaging findings, including transabdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed a complex solid cystic mass in the lower abdomen. Preoperative laboratory test results showed high levels of serum cancer antigens (CA19-9, CA12, and CEA) in MCT. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed a MCT with rupture and malignant transformation.

Interventions:

The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, and partial omentectomy. The patient did not undergo chemotherapy after surgery.

Outcomes:

The follow-up period was 12 months. The patient recovered well without focal local recurrence or distant metastasis after the surgery.

Lessons:

The study aims to report a new case of MCT with associated complications (rupture and malignant transformation) and changes in serum cancer antigen levels. Although this tumor presents as a complex solid cystic mass, detection of the intratumoral fat component is a key diagnostic imaging feature. A high level of serum cancer antigen may indicate the malignant transformation of MCT. In this case, surgery was an effective treatment for the MCT.
Adequate serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels are correlated with low anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 Patients: An observational study
Authors: Rachman Andhika , Iriani Anggraini , Irawan Attaufiq , Juanputra Samuel , Betsy Rachelle
Published: September 2024

The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unparalleled health emergency of global proportions. Around 31% of individuals with COVID-19 experience thrombosis associated with hypercoagulation. COVID-19 patients have shown an increase in platelet activation, but the mechanism has not been fully understood yet. One theory suggests that this could be related to the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia phenomenon, where platelet activation involves anti-PF4 antibodies that are associated with thrombosis. Vitamin D has been established to exert an influence on immunological responses and inflammation. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between serum 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels and anti-PF4 antibodies among COVID-19 patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 COVID-19 patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital and Wisma Atlit Hospital Jakarta from October 2021 to January 2022. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 15.1 ng/mL. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 patients (P = .035; R = −0.236). Remarkably, P-selectin levels were significantly higher in the moderate COVID-19 group compared to the severe group (P = .031). Serum 25(OH)D level had a significant negative correlation with anti-PF4 level in mild COVID-19 patients. Thus, it is highly recommended to ensure that serum 25(OH)D levels are maintained above 30 ng/mL. Remarkably, the P-selectin level was significantly higher in the moderate COVID-19 group compared to the severe group.
Early death incidence and prediction in stage IV large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Xing Hongquan , Wu Cong , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Xinyi
Published: September 2024

Nearly half of lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and face a high early death risk. Our objective was to develop models for assessing early death risk in stage IV LCNEC patients. We used surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) databases to gather data on patients with stage IV LCNEC to construct models and conduct internal validation. Additionally, we collected a dataset from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University for external validation. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient and variance inflation factor to identify collinearity among variables. Logistic regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis were employed to identify important independent prognostic factors. Prediction nomograms and network-based probability calculators were developed. The accuracy of the nomograms was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The goodness of fit of the nomograms was evaluated using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and calibration curves. The clinical value of the models was assessed through decision curve analysis. We enrolled 816 patients from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database and randomly assigned them to a training group and a validation group at a 7:3 ratio. In the training group, we identified 9 factors closely associated with early death and included them in the prediction nomograms. The overall early death model achieved an area under the curve of 0.850 for the training group and 0.780 for the validation group. Regarding the cancer-specific early death model, the area under the curve was 0.853 for the training group and 0.769 for the validation group. The calibration curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow test both demonstrated a high level of consistency for the constructed nomograms. Additionally, decision curve analysis further confirmed the substantial clinical utility of the nomograms. We developed a reliable nomogram to predict the early mortality risk in stage IV LCNEC patients that can be a helpful tool for health care professionals to identify high-risk patients and create personalized treatment plans.
Research on the soothing Liver — Qi stagnation method in the treatment of postoperative papillary thyroid carcinoma patients’ concomitant depression: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lin Huiyue , Zhang Xueting , Zheng Yuqian , Tang Chenchen , Wang Juyong
Published: September 2024

Background:

Postoperative papillary thyroid carcinoma (P-PTC) patients often grapple with depression fueled by the looming threat of recurrence. While the Liver-Qi stagnation method is frequently employed for depression management, a notable scarcity of clinical trials exists regarding its application in patients with P-PTC and concurrent depression. This study presents a randomized controlled clinical trial, aiming to establish the efficacy of the Liver-Qi stagnation method in alleviating depression in patients with P-PTC.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, P-PTC patients diagnosed with concomitant depression were systematically enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the control or test group, both receiving standard treatment comprising Levothyroxine sodium tablets and decoction of benefiting Qi and nourishing Yin. Additionally, the test group received supplementation with bupleuri radix-paeoniae alba radix (CH-BS) alongside the baseline therapy. The intervention spanned 12 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment evaluations were conducted using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome score scale. Concurrently, blood inflammatory factors and serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were measured to comprehensively assess treatment outcomes.

Results:

During the 12-week intervention, the test group demonstrated a significant reduction in HAMD scores compared to the control group (P < .05). Moreover, post-treatment serum 5-HT levels were significantly elevated in the test group compared to the control group (P < .05). Findings gleaned from the EORTC QLQ – C30 revealed a noteworthy improvement in social function and overall quality of life scores within both groups post-treatment in comparison to baseline (P < .05). Concurrently, post-treatment scores for fatigue and insomnia symptoms witnessed a significant decrease compared to baseline (P < .05). Notably, the test group exhibited superior scores in the emotional domain in contrast to the control group (P < .05). Both groups exhibited a substantial decrease in TCM syndrome scores from baseline (P < .05). Noteworthy increases were found in IFN-γ < 2.44 rate (62.86%) and IL-6 < 2.44 rate (74.29%) in the test group compared to pretreatment levels (P < .05).

Conclusion:

The soothing Liver-Qi stagnation method induces a rise in serum 5-HT levels, reducing depression-related inflammatory factors, culminating in the alleviation of depression for P-PTC.
Associations between sleep-related disorders and cardiovascular disease risk in hypertensive patients: Insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Chen Liping , Zhang Songhua , Wang Huaqiang , Liu Xiang , Ma Jun , Qiu Weiwen , Ye Zegen
Published: September 2024

Both sleep-related disorders (SRD) and hypertension (HTN) are closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, few studies have explored their combined effect. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, we comprehensively analyzed the combined effect of SRD and HTN on the occurrence of CVD. The weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore how SRD and HTN can affect the occurrence of CVD. Specifically, the additive interaction was evaluated by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and the synergy index (SI), and the multiplicative interaction was evaluated by the odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) from the product term. All the 33,383 participants from the NHANES database were divided into 2 groups, i.e., the CVD (n = 3712) and non-CVD (n = 29,671) groups. The results indicated that SRD (Model 3: OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.60–2.25) and HTN (Model 3: OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.87–2.79) were both significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD. Additionally, we observed a significant additive interaction (RERI = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.03–0.65; AP = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.01–0.21; SI = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.33) and a significant multiplicative interaction (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.10) between SRD and HTN on the occurrence of CVD. While both SRD and HTN are associated with CVD occurrence, their interaction can also contribute to the development of CVD.
Study on the cost-control effect of diagnosis-related groups based on meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Xin , Cheng Lulu , Wei Hua
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment method systematically before and after implementation in terms of average hospitalization day, cost and care quality.

Method:

Restricted the period from 2019 to May 31, 2023, we use 6 databases from CNKI, Wipu, Wanfang, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and web of science. With the related study, we extract the data about DRG, then we conducted meta-analysis of the data about length of stay (LOS) and cost by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 12.0 software. Care quality is in conjunction with literature reports.

Result:

About 24 articles were included, covering 2 indicators: average hospitalization expenses and days. Meta-analysis shows that implementing DRG payment method has an advantage in terms of average hospital stay (pooled effect: −1.13%, 95% CI: −1.42 to −0.84, P = .00), and the difference is statistically significant. There is also an advantage in average hospitalization expenses (pooled effect: −2.58, 95% CI: −3.38 to −1.79, P = .00), and the difference is statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The use of DRG payment method can effectively reduce LOS and average hospitalization expenses. However, quality of care may decline with DRG adoption.
Cell death and DNA damage via ROS mechanisms after applied antibiotics and antioxidants doses in prostate hyperplasia primary cell cultures
Authors: Matei Elena , Ionescu Anita Cristina , Enciu Manuela , Popovici Violeta , Mitroi Anca Florentina , Aschie Mariana , Deacu Mariana , Băltățescu Gabriela Isabela , Nicolau Antonela-Anca , Roșu Mihai Cătălin , Cristian Miruna , Dobrin Nicolae , Ștefanov Constanța , Pundiche Butcaru Mihaela , Cozaru Georgeta Camelia
Published: September 2024

Tumor heterogeneity results in aggressive cancer phenotypes with acquired resistance. However, combining chemical treatment with adjuvant therapies that cause cellular structure and function perturbations may diminish the ability of cancer cells to resist at chemical treatment and lead to a less aggressive cancer phenotype. Applied treatments on prostate hyperplasia primary cell cultures exerted their antitumor activities through mechanisms including cell cycle blockage, oxidative stress, and cell death induction by flow cytometry methods. A 5.37 mM Chloramphenicol dose acts on prostate hyperplasia cells by increasing the pro-oxidant status, inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage, but without ROS changes. Adding 6.30 mM vitamin C or 622 µM vitamin E as a supplement to 859.33 µM Chloramphenicol dose in prostate hyperplasia cells determines a significant increase of ROS level for a part of cells. However, other cells remain refractory to initial ROS, with significant changes in apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 or G2/M. When the dose of Chloramphenicol was increased to 5.37 mM for 6.30 mM of vitamin C, prostate hyperplasia cells reacted by ROS level drastically decreased, cell cycle arrest in G2/M, active apoptosis, and autophagy. The pro-oxidant action of 1.51 mM Erythromycin dose in prostate hyperplasia cell cultures induces changes in the apoptosis mechanisms and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Addition of 6.30 mM vitamin C to 1.51 mM Erythromycin dose in hyperplasia cell cultures, the pro-oxidant status determines diminished caspase 3/7 mechanism activation, but ROS level presents similar changes as Chloramphenicol dose and cell cycle arrest in G2/M. Flow cytometric analysis of cell death, oxidative stress, and cell cycle are recommended as laboratory techniques in therapeutic and diagnostic fields.
Clinical effect of anti-resistance exercise combined with nutritional intervention in the treatment of elderly patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Chen Sheng , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2024

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a combined intervention involving resistance exercise and nutritional support in improving grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle density among elderly individuals suffering from sarcopenia. Data from a cohort of 500 elderly sarcopenic patients were segregated into observation and control cohorts based on distinct treatment modalities. Baseline evaluations included weight, grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle density. Changes in these parameters and oxidative stress markers were monitored and compared at 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals. Baseline grip strength for the observation and control groups stood at (20.25 ± 2.34) and (21.06 ± 2.97) kg, respectively. Walking speed was measured at (0.99 ± 0.12) and (0.98 ± 0.20) m/s, respectively. Skeletal muscle density registered (42.98 ± 4.17) and (42.77 ± 5.02) Hu for the observation and control groups, respectively, while muscle mass index was recorded as (6.19 ± 1.46) and (6.20 ± 1.68) kg/m2, respectively. Limb skeletal muscle mass for both cohorts was (16.83 ± 3.57) and (16.77 ± 3.89) kg. No significant disparities were discerned in baseline characteristics between the groups. Following 1, 3, and 6 months, the observation group exhibited marked enhancements in grip strength and walking speed (P < .05), with substantially superior grip strength compared to the control cohort (P < .05). Notably, skeletal muscle density, muscle mass index, and limb skeletal muscle mass exhibited significant augmentation in the observation group (P < .05), while no significant alterations were observed in the control cohort. Oxidative stress-related parameters displayed no notable differences between groups pretreatment (P > .05). Post-treatment, levels of Hcy, IFN-γ, and MDA markedly decreased in both groups, with considerably lower levels evident in the observation cohort (P < .05). Moreover, SOD levels exhibited significant post-treatment increments in both groups, with markedly higher levels observed in the observation group (P < .05). An integrated approach of resistance exercise and nutritional support significantly enhances grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle density in elderly patients with sarcopenia, contributing to better prognoses and improved quality of life.