bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method for evaluating the effect of pollution on the human skin under controlled conditions
Authors: Curpen Seerooven , Francois‐Newton Veronique , Moga Alain , Hosenally Muzzammil , Petkar Gitanjali , Soobramaney Vitisha , Ruchaia Bryna , Lutchmanen Kolanthan Vimi , Roheemun Naailah , Sokeechand Bibi N. , Aumeeruddy Zaahira , Ramracheya Reshma D.
Published: August 2019

Background

Generally considered as a major risk factor for various respiratory diseases, air pollution can also have a significant impact on the skin. To date, there is a plethora of cosmetics products with “anti‐pollution” claims. However, these claims have not been fully substantiated with robust scientific evidence and currently there is no standardized method in place for validating the anti‐pollution efficacy of cosmetics products.

Materials and Methods

This article discusses an innovative Controlled Pollution Exposure System (CPES) which allows quantified administration of pollutants on the skin and analysis of their direct impact. Using CPES, human subjects were exposed to ambient dust and ozone and sebum were sampled and analyzed for biomarkers.

Results

Following exposure of human subjects’ skin to either ambient dust(100‐450 μg/cm3) or ozone(100‐1000 ppb), analysis of sebum revealed a significant decrease in squalene concentration, and significant increases in squalene monohydroperoxide and malondialdehyde concentration.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate cutaneous oxidative stress induced by ambient dust and ozone. The findings also demonstrate the efficacy of CPES to accurately measure the direct effect of controlled gaseous and particulate pollutants on human skin and indicate that squalene, squalene monohydroperoxide and malondialdehyde may serve as potent biomarkers for evaluating potential anti‐pollution claims of cosmetics products.
A genomic extension to the sequence of HLA‐A*02:13, identified using third‐generation sequencing
Authors: Liu Yi‐Ling , Lucas Jonathan A. M. , Turner Thomas R. , Marsh Steven G. E. , Mayor Neema P.
Published: August 2019

Pacific Biosciences' SMRT sequencing method was used to extend the sequence of HLA‐A*02:13.
Diagnostic accuracy and predictive value in differentiating the severity of dengue infection
Authors: Low Gary Kim Kuan , Kagize Jackob , Faull Katherine J. , Azahar Aizad
Published: August 2019

Objective

To review the diagnostic test accuracy and predictive value of statistical models in differentiating the severity of dengue infection.

Methods

Electronic searches were conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (complete), PubMed and Scopus. Eligible studies to be included in this review were cohort studies with participants confirmed by laboratory test for dengue infection and comparison among the different severity of dengue infection by using statistical models. The methodological quality of the paper was assessed by independent reviewers using QUADAS‐2.

Results

Twenty‐six studies published from 1994 to 2017 were included. Most diagnostic models produced an accuracy of 75% to 80% except one with 86%. Two models predicting severe dengue according to the WHO 2009 classification have 86% accuracy. Both of these logistic regression models were applied during the first three days of illness, and their sensitivity and specificity were 91–100% and 79.3–86%, respectively. Another model which evaluated the 30‐day mortality of dengue infection had an accuracy of 98.5%.

Conclusion

Although there are several potential predictive or diagnostic models for dengue infection, their limitations could affect their validity. It is recommended that these models be revalidated in other clinical settings and their methods be improved and standardised in future.
The Economic Analysis of Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Yu Kun , Zhang Li , Ho We-me
Published: August 2019

Transitioning away from coal supply is a cost-effective path to a low-carbon economy. Although many articles have considered the issue of manufacturers' production and emission of pollution. Few papers have discussed the interrelations among CO2 emissions, economic growth and coal supply on the cost of environmental degradation.This paper seeks to fill this gap by using some empirical tests including unit root, ARDL bounds test and impulse effect to check the causality among carbon emission, economic growth and coal supply The time series used in the model ranged from 1990 to 2016. We specifically take China as a case to analyze. The main results show that there exist only one-way positive causality between LGDP (dependent variable) and LCO2 (independent variable), in addition, we show China's GDP growth in recent years has gradually decoupled from CO2 emissions, in other words, the current growth of China's economy is not at the cost of worsening the environmental degradation, Furthermore, we outline that the generalized impulse response between LCO2 and LGDP is higher than that of LCOALSUPPLY and LGDP.
Prediction of Residual Stress Random Fields for Selective Laser Melted A357 Aluminum Alloy Subjected to Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Hatamleh Mohammad I. , Mahadevan Jagannathan , Malik Arif , Qian Dong , Kovacevic Radovan
Published: August 2019

Residual stress (RS) is a major processing issue for selective laser melting (SLM) of metal alloys. Postprocessing by way of heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing is usually required for acceptable mechanical properties. In this work, laser shock peening (LSP) treatment on both SLM and cast aluminum A357 alloys are compared with regard to the development of beneficial near-surface compressive RS. Experiments are conducted using high energy nanosecond pulsed laser, together with a fast photodetector connected to a high-resolution oscilloscope and high-speed camera to identify detailed temporal and spatial laser pulse profiles to improve numerical predictions. Constitutive modeling for SLM A357 alloy is performed using finite element simulation and data obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Since XRD-RS measurements are accompanied with significant machine-reported error, an effective method is introduced to quantify the material constitutive model uncertainty in terms of a joint probability mass function. Conventionally, most constitutive behavior research for LSP involves deterministic material modeling. Predicted RS using deterministic approaches fail to reflect real-world variations in the materials, laser treatment, or RS measurements. A discretized Bayesian inference is used to quantify the rate-dependent plasticity material model parameters as a joint probability function. RS are then characterized as random fields, which provides far greater insight into the practical ability to attain desired residual stresses. Moreover, for identical LSP treatments, it is determined that the material models are significantly different for the SLM and the conventional cast A357 aluminum alloys, resulting in much lower magnitude of compressive RS in the SLM alloy.
Influence of Liquid Properties on Energy Conversion During Crown Evolution Following Drop Impact Upon Films
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Liu Peiqing , Qu Qiulin , Liu Fanglin , Agarwal Ramesh K.
Published: August 2019

The energy conversion is proposed to analyze the effects of liquid properties on the formation of an ejecta sheet, prompt splashing, and crown evolution. The incompressible laminar Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the volume-of-fluid (VOF) model are solved numerically in an axisymmetric frame to simulate the impact process. Based on the energy conversion curves and liquid–gas interface shapes, the Weber number is shown to be the main dimensionless quantity controlling the impact process, especially with regard to crown evolution. However, the Reynolds number does have some influence on the drop impact process, especially during the stage of ejecta sheet formation and prompt splashing. By studying energy conversion during the impact process, the crown evolution is shown to be accelerated significantly with decreasing Weber number, but is hardly affected by the Reynolds number. A linear relation is found between the time to the moment of crown stabilization (when the crown height reaches its maximum value) and the square root of the Weber number. The relationship between the Weber number and the energy distribution at the moment of crown stabilization is also studied.
Hydrodynamic Lubricant Film Separation During Codirectional and Counter-Directional Rotations of Disengaged Wet Clutch Packs
Authors: Morris N. J. , Patel R. , Rahnejat H.
Published: August 2019

The parasitic drag losses incurred by wet clutches, used in transmission systems, can significantly affect vehicular powertrain efficiency. This paper presents a novel implicit solution for hydrodynamic parasitic drag losses of disengaged clutches. These are generated by conjunctional friction, taking into account lubricant film separation during codirectional and counter-directional disk pair rotations. Lubricant film rupture is considered through application of incipient reverse flow boundary condition, which is representative of lubricant film separation. The results point to the operating conditions at which significant power losses occur. In particular, the time efficient model is able to represent the small losses incurred during codirectional rotation of disk pairs.
Amorphous sulfide heterostructure precursors prepared by radio frequency sputtering
Authors: Roberts Dennice M. , Perkins John D. , Norman Andrew G. , Stoldt Conrad R. , Zakutayev Andriy , Bauers Sage R.
Published: August 2019

Two-dimensional sulfides and their heterostructures have emerged as potentially useful materials for technological applications. Controllable self-assembly of interleaved crystalline heterostructures from designed thin-film precursors has been demonstrated in selenide and telluride chemical systems, but not yet in sulfide chemistries. Preparing such amorphous sulfide heterostructure precursors is a necessary first step toward this goal. Here, deposition of thin-film amorphous precursors for layered sulfide heterostructures by RF sputtering is presented on the example of SnS-MoS2. A calibration process specific to the mechanisms of RF sputtering from sulfide and disulfide compound targets is established. Precursor film structure and composition are confirmed via x-ray reflectivity and Rutherford backscattering measurements. Local nanostructure and composition are also examined by electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy.
Gab3 is required for IL-2– and IL-15–induced NK cell expansion and limits trophoblast invasion during pregnancy
Authors: Sliz Anna , Locker Kathryn C. S. , Lampe Kristin , Godarova Alzbeta , Plas David R. , Janssen Edith M. , Jones Helen , Herr Andrew B. , Hoebe Kasper
Published: August 2019

NK cells require Gab3 for peripheral expansion, tumor eradication, and resistance to trophoblast invasion during pregnancy. See the related Focus by
Colucci
.
HbA1c target achievement in the elderly: results of the Titration and Optimization trial for initiation of insulin glargine 100 U/mL in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Fritsche Andreas , Anderten Helmut , Pfohl Martin , Pscherer Stefan , Borck Anja , Pegelow Katrin , Bramlage Peter , Seufert J
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To identify real-world, age-related trends in the use of insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) as part of basal-supported oral therapy (BOT).

Research design and methods

The prospective, observational Titration and Optimization registry enrolled patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus initiated on Gla-100 BOT. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with capillary fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≤110 mg/dL on ≥2 occasions and/or who met their individual HbA1c target within 12 months.

Results

2462 patients were analyzed (<65 years: n=1122; 65–74 years: n=771; ≥75 years: n=569). Diabetes duration (6.8, 8.9, and 11.2 years, p<0.0001) and proportion of women (40.7%, 47.9%, and 55.7%, p<0.0001) increased with age. Baseline HbA1c was highest in <65-year-olds (8.6% vs 8.4% and 8.5%, p<0.0001). Gla-100 up-titration until 12 months was highest in <65-year-olds (+11.6 U/day), compared with 65–74 (+10.2 U/day) and ≥75 years (+8.8; p<0.0001) but similar by units per kilogram, as was the decrease in FBG (<65: −64.1 mg/dL; 65–74: −56.1 mg/dL; ≥75: −53.4 mg/dL) and HbA1c (<65: −1.47%; 65–74: −1.31%; ≥75: −1.22%, p<0.0001). At 12 months, 65.9% of participants met the primary endpoint, with no significant difference between age groups. The proportion achieving their individual HbA1c target was lower for <65-year-olds (46.0% vs 54.3% and 54.7%; p<0.02). Symptomatic hypoglycemia incidence was more common in the ≥75-year-old group (3.4% vs 1.4% and 1.4%; p=0.0126).

Conclusions

BOT with Gla-100 results in similar improvements of glycemic values with low risk of hypoglycemia across age groups. Given the link between HbA1c and long-term cardiovascular risk, ensuring appropriately stringent target-setting, intensification of basal insulin and making sure hypoglycemia is avoided is of paramount importance.

Trial registration number

Database:https://awbdb.bfarm.de; Identifier: 1641; Date of registration: September 23, 2013
Association of genetic polymorphisms ofCYP2E1, NAT2, GSTandSLCO1B1with the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Seungwon , Hwang Se Jung , Park Jung Yun , Chung Eun Kyoung , Lee Jangik I
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase (GST)and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1)and the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Reviews databases were searched through April 2019.

Eligibility criteria

We included case-control or cohort studies investigating an association betweenNAT2, CYP2E1, GSTorSLCO1B1polymorphisms and the ATDILI risk in patients with tuberculosis.

Data extraction and synthesis

Three authors screened articles, extracted data and assessed study quality. The strength of association was evaluated for each gene using the pooled OR with a 95% CI based on the fixed-effects or random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the reliability and robustness of the results.

Results

Fifty-four studies were included in this analysis (n=26 forCYP2E1, n=35 forNAT2, n=19 forGST, n=4 forSLCO1B1). The risk of ATDILI was significantly increased with the following genotypes:CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c1 (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.83),NAT2slow acetylator (OR=3.30, 95% CI 2.65 to 4.11) andGSTM1null (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.52). No significant association with ATDILI was found for the genetic polymorphisms ofCYP2E1 DraI,GSTT1,GSTM1/GSTT1,SLCO1B1388A>G andSLCO1B1521T>C (p>0.05).

Conclusions

ATDILI is more likely to occur in patients withNAT2slow acetylator genotype,CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c1genotype andGSTM1null genotype. Close monitoring may be warranted for patients with these genotypes.
Powder aerosol deposition method — novel applications in the field of sensing and energy technology
Authors: Schubert Michaela , Hanft Dominik , Nazarenus Tobias , Exner Jörg , Schubert Michael , Nieke Philipp , Glosse Philipp , Leupold Nico , Kita Jaroslaw , Moos Ralf
Published: August 2019

The Aerosol Deposition (AD) method is a dry spray coating process for the production of dense ceramic coatings at room temperature directly from the ceramic raw powder. In order to avoid confusion with liquid aerosol technology, the term powder aerosol deposition (PAD) is introduced here, to highlight that the aerosol consists only of ceramic powder and carrier gas. Especially in the field of functional ceramics, PAD is a promising alternative to conventional sinter-based production processes. This review focuses on the PAD of functional ceramics in the field of sensing and energy technology. In this context, especially current developments and trends are presented. On the part of the sensors, gas and temperature sensors are especially considered, whereas in the field of energy technology, the focus is on vibration energy harvesting, thermoelectric generators, superconductors, and solar cells as well as on all solid-state batteries and fuel cells. Besides the different applications of PAD films, this review also highlights opportunities for influencing the film properties by the used powder or the process parameters.
Optimally Allocated Nonlinear Robust Control of a Reusable Launch Vehicle During Re-entry
Authors: Mathavaraj S. , Padhi Radhakant
Published: August 2019

A nonlinear robust control design approach is presented in this paper for a prototype reusable launch vehicle (RLV) during the critical re-entry phase where the margin for error is small. A nominal control is designed following the dynamic inversion philosophy for the reaction control system (RCS) and optimal dynamic inversion philosophy for the aerodynamic control actuation. This nominal controller is augmented next with a barrier Lyapunov function based neuro-adaptive control in the inner loop, which enforces the body rates of the actual system i.e. in presence of uncertainties to track the closed-loop body rates of the nominal plant. A fusion logic is also presented for fusing the RCS and aerodynamic control. The control design approach presented here assures robust tracking of the guidance commands despite the presence of uncertainties in the plant model. Extensive nonlinear six degree-of-freedom (DoF) simulation study, which embeds additional practical constraints such as actuator delay in the aerodynamic control actuation and constraints related to the RCS, shows that the proposed design approach has both good command following as well as robustness characteristics.
DICIONÁRIO TERMINOLÓGICO DE ENERGIA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA
Authors: Bastianello Renata Tonini
Published: August 2019

O uso de painéis fotovoltaicos para a produção de eletricidade através da energia solar, assim como o uso de outras fontes renováveis de energia, está se tornando cada vez mais viável e necessário. Com o surgimento desse mercado, contratos, propagandas, manuais de uso e livros acadêmicos são escritos em diversos idiomas, gerando uma demanda crescente por traduções. Dessa forma, este trabalho propõe um estudo da terminologia relacionada à energia solar fotovoltaica, a fim de organizá-la em um dicionário bilíngue português-francês que sirva de auxílio a tradutores – os quais não são, necessariamente, especialistas na área. A metodologia aplicada para inventariar os termos pertinentes à área e estudá-los se fundamentada na Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÉ, 1999) e utiliza as ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus e os ganchos terminológicos (DUBUC, 1985). Análises iniciais apontam para a existência de muitas empresas francesas no mercado brasileiro e a inexistência de glossários de engenharia no par de línguas português-francês, fatos que evidenciam a pertinência da elaboração do dicionário proposto.
Ideological Blindspot in the Academic Study of Religion and Film
Authors: Eaghll Tenzan
Published: August 2019

This essay offers a critique of how “religion” is defined and studied in the academic field of religion and film, and calls for a more nuanced application of ideological analysis to the subject. Surveying the dominant scholarship in the field, it exposes a tendency to provide either theological or mythological definitions of religion and to privilege the category as something sui generis—a unique, special, or “spiritual” domain of things in the world. Moreover, it shows how this scholarship disparages ideological analysis as reductive, abstract, and elite, and fails to consider how religion itself functions ideologically in film and film criticism. Drawing upon the work of critical scholars of religion to support this latter claim, as well as contemporary film studies theory, the article closes with a call for a more nuanced understanding of how ideology is constructed at both an individual and cinematic level.
Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
Authors: SMITH-VANIZ WILLIAM F. , WALSH STEPHEN J.
Published: August 2019

Diagnoses, comparisons, photographs and distribution maps are given for three previously described Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus that develop spots on their sides as adults. A new species, Trachinotus macrospilus, is described from the Marquesas Islands where it is endemic and the only species of the genus present. It differs from the other spotted Indo-West Pacific species most noticeably in having adults with only one or two large spots on each side, the largest spot larger than the iris diameter, and in having no large spot positioned above the pectoral fin. An identification key is given for all Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus and a molecular phylogeny, including 16 of the 20 valid species of Trachinotus is presented. A neotype is designated for Scomber botla Shaw, 1803.
The influence of the HEART Camp intervention on physical function, health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety and fatigue in patients with heart failure
Authors: Norman Joseph F , Kupzyk Kevin A , Artinian Nancy T , Keteyian Steven J , Alonso Windy S , Bills Sara E , Pozehl Bunny J
Published: August 2019

Background:

Regular exercise training has beneficial effects on quality of life, physical function, depression and anxiety in individuals with heart failure. Unfortunately, individuals with heart failure have low levels of adherence to exercise. Thus, studies are needed to assess intervention strategies which may enhance clinical outcomes.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to identify the components of the HEART Camp intervention, which contributed to optimizing clinical outcomes.

Methods:

The Heart Failure Exercise and Resistance Training Camp (HEART Camp) was a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent intervention on adherence to exercise (6, 12 and 18 months) compared to an enhanced usual care group. This study assessed various components of the intervention on the secondary outcomes of physical function, health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, and fatigue.

Results:

Individuals participating ( n=204) in this study were 55.4% men and the average age was 60.4 (11.5) years. A combination of individualized and group-based strategies demonstrated clinical improvements, HEART Camp versus enhanced usual care groups, in physical function, positive trends in health-related quality of life and positive changes in the minimally important differences for depression, anxiety, and fatigue.

Conclusions:

Individualized coaching by an exercise professional and group-based educational sessions were identified as important components of patient management contributing to improvements in the secondary outcomes of physical function, health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety and fatigue.
Die Schöne Heimat? Depictions of Germany in a Popular Photobook from the Second Empire to the Federal Republic
Authors: Jefferies Matthew
Published: August 2019

While existing studies of twentieth-century German photobooks have understandably sought out volumes by the most iconic photographers, with the most innovative typography, or with the most radical political messages, no photobook series better documents the continuities and ruptures of modern German history than the conventional and highly commercial Blauen Bücher, published by Karl Robert Langewiesche starting in 1907. Die Schöne Heimat, first published in 1915, was the series’ best-selling title. By 1971, and the 619,000th copy, Germany had changed fundamentally, yet the book was still recognizable as the one dedicated to “those who have defended their homeland and ours” during World War I. The article explores the remarkable longevity of this popular but problematic publication.
From “German Wolfhounds” to “Ordinary People”
Authors: Rogovin Or
Published: August 2019

The image of the perpetrator in Israeli Holocaust fiction changed fundamentally in the mid-1980s: from one-dimensional Nazi beasts, typical of earlier Israeli writing, to humanized individuals, whose vulnerability and multidimensionality may blur the divide between victims and victimizers. This development, which corresponds to similar patterns in other literatures (e.g., George Steiner’s Portage to San Cristobal of A.H.; Jonathan Littell’s Kindly Ones) has received relatively little critical attention, and it is discussed here through a close reading of major Israeli works of fiction—Ka-Tzetnik’s Salamandra, David Grossman’s See Under: Love, A. B. Yehoshua’s Mr. Mani—as well as more minor texts. Using theoretical work in narrative (E. M. Forster, James Phelan) and imagology (Manfred Beller and Joep Leerssen on German national character), this article formulates the recent shift in modes of perpetrator characterization in terms of its poetics and its place in Israel’s literary history.
Biologic therapies for Crohn’s disease: optimising the old and maximising the new
Authors: Samaan Mark , Campbell Samantha , Cunningham Georgina , Tamilarasan Aravind Gokul , Irving Peter M. , McCartney Sara
Published: August 2019

The era of biologic agents for the treatment of Crohn’s disease has brought about significant benefits for patients, and since the introduction of infliximab at the turn of the century, the entire field has moved on rapidly. Clinicians now have multiple agents at their disposal and a choice between several different anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action. This has allowed unprecedented improvements not only in symptoms and quality of life for patients previously refractory to conventional treatments but also for demonstrated healing of the intestinal mucosa and resolution of perianal fistulation. However, despite the undisputed efficacy of these agents, there remains a significant proportion of patients who fail to gain a meaningful benefit. Through years of studying infliximab and its counterpart anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent, adalimumab, we now understand that strategies such as combining use with a conventional immunomodulator or measuring serum levels can help to optimise outcomes and reduce the proportion of patients for whom treatment fails. Work is ongoing to understand whether these principles apply to newer biologics such as vedolizumab and ustekinumab. In addition, novel approaches are being investigated in an attempt to maximise the benefit that these agents could offer. In this article, we summarise these new understandings and consider ways in which they could be integrated into clinical practice for the benefit of patients.
The lipid transfer protein Saposin B does not directly bind CD1d for lipid antigen loading
Authors: Shamin Maria , Benedyk Tomasz H. , Graham Stephen C. , Deane Janet E.
Published: August 2019

Background: Lipid antigens are presented on the surface of cells by the CD1 family of glycoproteins, which have structural and functional similarity to MHC class I molecules. The hydrophobic lipid antigens are embedded in membranes and inaccessible to the lumenal lipid-binding domain of CD1 molecules. Therefore, CD1 molecules require lipid transfer proteins for lipid loading and editing. CD1d is loaded with lipids in late endocytic compartments, and lipid transfer proteins of the saposin family have been shown to play a crucial role in this process. However, the mechanism by which saposins facilitate lipid binding to CD1 molecules is not known and is thought to involve transient interactions between protein components to ensure CD1-lipid complexes can be efficiently trafficked to the plasma membrane for antigen presentation. Of the four saposin proteins, the importance of Saposin B (SapB) for loading of CD1d is the most well-characterised. However, a direct interaction between CD1d and SapB has yet to be described.

Methods: In order to determine how SapB might load lipids onto CD1d, we used purified, recombinant CD1d and SapB and carried out a series of highly sensitive binding assays to monitor direct interactions. We performed equilibrium binding analysis, chemical cross-linking and co-crystallisation experiments, under a range of different conditions.

Results: We could not demonstrate a direct interaction between SapB and CD1d using any of these binding assays.

Conclusions: This work establishes comprehensively that the role of SapB in lipid loading does not involve direct binding to CD1d. We discuss the implication of this for our understanding of lipid loading of CD1d and propose several factors that may influence this process.
Foundation therapy in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: August 2019

Therapy in canine atopic dermatitis should be multimodal and should be individualised for each patient. Therapies can be described as foundation or supplementary. In all but the mildest cases, dogs require a foundation therapy for the control of their atopic dermatitis. These include allergen-specific immunotherapy, ciclosporin, glucocorticoids, lokivetmab or oclacitinib. All of these five therapeutic options have a strong evidence base to recommend their use in canine atopic dermatitis. Supplementary therapies, which include drugs such as antihistamines, essential fatty acids, topical emollient and antiseptics, help in treatment to improve barrier function and correct skin biome dysbiosis, but can rarely control canine atopic dermatitis in isolation. When combined with foundation therapy they can reduce the risk of relapse and the level of foundation therapy that is required. https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0020
Investigation of the effects of mirror therapy on the spasticity, motor function and functionality of impaired upper limbs in chronic stroke patients
Authors: Protásio de Melo Luciana , da Silva Costa Valton , Cunha da Silveira Júlio César , Albuquerque Clementino Tatiana Catarina
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims

Strokes lead to different levels of disability. During the chronic stage, hemiparesis, spasticity and motor deficits may cause loss of functional independence. Mirror therapy aims to reduce deficits and increase functional recovery of the impaired upper limb. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on upper limb spasticity and motor function, as well as its impact on functional independence in chronic hemiparetic patients.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, eight chronic hemiparetic patients (age 55.5 ± 10.8 years) were assessed to determine their degree of spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), level of upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment) and functionality (Functional Independence Measure). All participants received 12 sessions of mirror therapy delivered three times per week, over a period of 4 weeks. Participants were re-evaluated post-intervention and these results were compared to their pre-intervention scores to determine the impact of mirror therapy.

Results

A decrease in spasticity was observed, with significant improvements in shoulder extensors (P=0.033) and a significant increase in motor function (P=0.002). The therapeutic protocol adopted did not have a significant effect on functional independence (P=0.105).

Conclusions

Mirror therapy led to improvements in upper limb spasticity and motor function in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. No effects on functional independence were observed. Further research with a larger number of patients is needed to provide more robust evidence of the benefits of mirror therapy in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients.
Alexander R. Pruss and Joshua L. Rasmussen. Necessary Existence
Authors: Oppy Graham
Published: August 2019

ㅤ
Making authentic: exploring boundary objects and bricolage in knowledge mobilisation through National Health Service-university partnerships
Authors: Melville-Richards Lucy , Rycroft-Malone Joanne , Burton Christopher , Wilkinson Joyce
Published: August 2019

Background:

In healthcare, bridging the research-to-practice gap is a top priority. Knowledge mobilisation scholars suggest that this gap can be closed through collaboration between knowledge users and producers. The concept of boundary objects – shared things and ideas that enable communication – has gained popularity across various collaborative work practices, but their potential within knowledge mobilisation in health care is understudied. An ongoing challenge for designers of boundary objects is how to create objects that are valued and shared both in principle and in practice.

Aims and objectives:

This paper reports on a study of boundary objects used during knowledge mobilisation through NHS-university partnerships called Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs). The distinction is investigated between boundary objects-in-theory and boundary objects-in-use, considering whether the latter possess specific characteristics which make them more effective during knowledge mobilisation.

Methods:

A qualitative case study of three CLAHRCs was conducted. Twenty-one people employed as ‘boundary spanners’ were interviewed to explore whether boundary objects played a role in knowledge mobilisation.

Findings:

The most effective boundary objects-in-use were co-produced through a process of bricolage. These possessed high levels of meaningfulness and resonance, and reconciled multiple user perspectives. Together these properties contributed to the overall authenticity of boundary objects-in-use.

Discussion and conclusion:

This paper helps to explain why designated boundary objects frequently fail in practice, and why there is a need to focus on understanding boundary objects based on symbolic, rather than structural, dimensions.
Impact of an Inclusive Postsecondary Education Program on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability
Authors: Harrison Ashley J. , Bisson Jennifer B. , Laws Carol B.
Published: August 2019

People with intellectual disability (ID) experience negative consequences as a result of stigmas held by the public. Students with ID involved in inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) programs demonstrate positive outcomes. This study examines the impact of an IPSE program on typically matriculating student attitudes toward ID. Explicit and implicit attitudes were measured at the start and end of a semester among IPSE volunteer peer mentors (n = 17) and an uninvolved student group (n = 14). Findings indicate that volunteers demonstrated lower discomfort after their volunteer experience, as measured by the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID). Volunteers also demonstrated higher knowledge of causes and preference for interaction with people with ID than nonvolunteers. This demonstrates that volunteer involvement in IPSE positively impacts attitudes toward people with ID among typically matriculating college students.
Selection Between Liver Resection Versus Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Fu Sirui , Wei Jingwei , Zhang Jie , Dong Di , Song Jiangdian , Li Yong , Duan Chongyang , Zhang Shuaitong , Li Xiaoqun , Gu Dongsheng , Chen Xudong , Hao Xiaohan , He Xiaofeng , Yan Jianfeng , Liu Zhenyu , Tian Jie , Lu Ligong
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Models should be developed to assist choice between liver resection (LR) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODS:

After separating 520 cases from 5 hospitals into training (n = 302) and validation (n = 218) data sets, we weighted the cases to control baseline difference and ensured the causal effect between treatments (LR and TACE) and estimated progression-free survival (PFS) difference. A noninvasive PFS model was constructed with clinical factors, radiological characteristics, and radiomic features. We compared our model with other 4 state-of-the-art models. Finally, patients were classified into subgroups with and without significant PFS difference between treatments.

RESULTS:

Our model included treatments, age, sex, modified Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, fusion lesions, hepatocellular carcinoma capsule, and 3 radiomic features, with good discrimination and calibrations (area under the curve for 3-year PFS was 0.80 in the training data set and 0.75 in the validation data set; similar results were achieved in 1- and 2-year PFS). The model had better accuracy than the other 4 models. A nomogram was built, with different scores assigned for LR and TACE. Separated by the threshold of score difference between treatments, for some patients, LR provided longer PFS and might be the better option (training: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50, P = 0.014; validation: HR = 0.52, P = 0.026); in the others, LR provided similar PFS with TACE (training: HR = 0.84, P = 0.388; validation: HR = 1.14, P = 0.614). TACE may be better because it was less invasive.

DISCUSSION:

We propose an individualized model predicting PFS difference between LR and TACE to assist in the optimal treatment choice.
PEMAKNAAN HADIS-HADIS HISAB-RUKYAT MUHAMMADIYAH DAN KONTROVERSI YANG MELINGKUPINYA
Authors: Imron Ali
Published: August 2019

Sebagai salah satu organisasi yang memiliki masa besar di Indonesia, Muhamamdiyah memainkan peranan penting dalam setiap event puasa dan lebaran. Dua tahun belakangan (2011, 2012), sikap Muhammadiyah yang mendahului pemerintah dalam menetapkan awal Ramadhan, Idul Fitri, maupun Idul Adha sering mendapat respon beragam. Ada yang merasa bangga akan kemampuan Muhammadiyah dalam ‘meneropong’ datangnya Ramadhan/lebaran, terutama bila hasil hitungan hisab Muhammadiyah ‘tepat’ (sama dengan penetapan pemerintah). Namun banyak pula kecaman datang bila Muhammadiyah itu tidak sama dengan pemerintah. Hingga sekarang perdebatan ini belum selesai dan selalu muncul setiap kali momen puasa/lebaran.
KAIDAH KEMUTTASILAN SANAD HADIS (Studi Kritis Terhadap Pendapat Syuhudi Ismail)
Authors: Syamsuddin Sahiron
Published: August 2019

The study of the sanad is very important in hadith studies. This article attempts to analyze and criticize Syuhudi Ismail theory of the ittisal sanad (the connectedness of hadith chain). The author comes to two conclusions. First, a chain hadith is considered muttasil (unbroken) if each narrator to the previous nearest narrator validly existing under the provisions of tahammul wa 'al-ada’  al-hadis and according to historical provisions. Second, the credibility, religious commitment, and  cleverty (s}iqah, ‘adalah, d}âbit}) are not something that are essential in determining ittisal sanad. The ‘adalah (religious commitment) (without cleverty) should be sufficient, as long as it does not fall on mudallis narrators category.
LINGKUNGAN DALAM KAJIAN AL-QUR`AN: KRISIS LINGKUNGAN DAN PENANGGULANGANNYA PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR`AN
Authors: Qomarullah Muhammad
Published: August 2019

Human as caliph on earth, God entrusted the earth to maintain and preserve it, whether at sea, on earth and in the air. God gave humans an important role and hand over full land and surrounding environment to create in accordance with its role as a representative of God. The problem that arises is that the human representative of God on earth as it does not implement the mandate to protect the environment, such as illegal logging, global warming damage that arises is in the heavens and on earth, in the sea and on land. The picture is already contained in the Quran about the damage this natural phenomenon caused by human hands. Thus, the existence of man as a vicegerent on earth stake to keep this planet.
HERMENEUTIKA HADIS MAHMUD ABŪ RAYYAH DALAM KITAB ADHWA` ALA AL-SUNNAH AL-NABAWIYYAH (KAJIAN ‘ADALAH AL-SAHĀBAH)
Authors: Sobirin Muhammad
Published: August 2019

This article tries to criticize the term ‘adalah al-shahabah by elaborating the work of Abu Rayyah titled  Adhwa` Ala Al-Sunnah Al-Nabawiyyah. For him, ‘adalah shahabah is not a final concept and taken for granted. Then he deconstructs this concept and makes a new conception. In sum, Abu Rayyah ideas that place shahabah under criticism is one of the idea  to refresh Islamic thought where in Shahabah era, it was common to criticize a shahabah to another.
‘ABD AL-HAMID AL-FARAHI DAN SUMBER-SUMBER SEKUNDER DALAM TAFSIR BERBASIS SURAT
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: August 2019

ملخص� � يعتبر عبدالحميد الفراهي أحد علماء الهند البارزين في حقل الدراسات القر آنية نظرا� � لمؤلفاته الكثيرة حول القر آن و إن لم يكن مشهورا بين الناس في هذا العصر. يعتمد� � الفراهي على عدة نقاط أساسية منها نظام القران و عمود السورة كمرتكزات أساسية� مام في الم آخذ الخبرية، ثم 􀑧 ساس و ال إ 􀑧 في تفسيره الموضوعي للسورة. القران هو ال أ� � يتلوه في الم آخذ ما يندرج في مستوى التبع أو الفرع. هذا البحث يبحث حول نقد� يات من العهد القديم 􀑧 الفراهي للم آخذ الخبرية في مستوى الفرع، حيث ينتقد بعض ال آ� � � � � � أو الجديد، أو الروايات التاريخية المناقضة لما في القر آن أو لروح القر آن. من أحد� � � أسباب استخدام الفراهي لبعض آيات الكتاب المقدس في تفسيره هو أن المجتمع� نجليزي و حركات 􀑧 ستعمار ال إ 􀑧 ديان، خاصة و أنه يواجه ال إ 􀑧 الهندي مجتمع متعدد ال أ� � � ن القر آن مصدقا لما بين يديه ) أي قبله( و 􀑧 التنصير. و بذلك تكون حجته أقوى، ل أمهيمنا عليه.
TAFSIR VISUAL Kajian Resepsi atas Tafsir dan Ilustrasi dalam Tafsir Juz ‘Amma for Kids
Authors: Zahro’ Nafiatuz
Published: August 2019

rchange-newline"> Al-Qur’an as hudan li al-nās and rahmatan li al-‘ālamīn, can not be comprehended the mean without any exegesis. In order that Al-Qur’an and Exegesis are always easy given in the life and proved its existence which shalih li kulli zaman wa makan, they era does not only consider social characterchange from the space and the time, but the subject too. It is consumer thatis containing of various ability standard and age. Unfortunately, almostall exegesis is product that presented as adult consumption; beside in thisfact the modernization demand each element of life to begin all aspect fromchildren age for the maturation and the success future. One of the worksfrom several works that has been established to fulfil the children neededis Tafsir Juz ‘Amma for Kids with the new thing that most shown from thiswork is illustration. In this article, It uses reception method to fid listener reaction and AlQur’an reader in the meaning explanation. Reception that is done bycommentator has succeeded to be concretized into exegesis text with simplelanguage; beside the reception that it is done by illustrator has succeededto be concretized into visual language that is illustration that in the fialaccompany in the gotten up of a functional relation between both of them.The existence of exegesis and illustration are cooperation and it is a formof integration-interconnection. Illustration which as functional before hasbecome a helper media, fially it has potential as independent to be anexegesis that is “Visual Exegesis.”
TEORI THE SPREAD OF ISNAD (Telaah Atas Pemikiran Michael Allan Cook)
Authors: Ramdhani Imam Sahal
Published: August 2019

erchange-newline"> It is closely related to “Common Link” phenomenon whom plenty of West Scholar on Hadith dealing their researches on it. By looking at thisphenomenon, this paper is trying to review Cook’s idea about common linkand the process of theory the spread of isna>d ‘s aplication in conceivingthe common link phenomenon. Based on this research, we understand thatCook brought a different point of view to the Common Link phenomenonwhich is poured forth on his critics to the Schachtian’s theory. For Cook,there are two essential points related to Common Link. First, Common Linkcan’t be justifid as a hadith counterfeiter. It is because Common Link tosome exctent is an engineering-work from the other narrator (periwayat).Second, Common Link can’t be a basic of hadith’s dating. Then, Cook’spoint of view pulled down Commen Link theory.
HERMENEUTIKA HADIS ALA FAZLUR RAHMAN
Authors: Alma’arif Alma’arif
Published: August 2019

"> Fazlur Rahman was a very famous Islamic reformer. He was from Pakistanwho previously had no contemporary thinkers such as Ahmad khan danSayyid Amir Ali and M. Iqbal. He mastered in turath and human sciencesin Islamic studies. On the understanding of hadith, Rahman had anidea that the need for reevaluation of the diverse elements in the hadithand reinterpretation of a comprehensive and holistic to the elements inaccordance with the moral - social conditions in the present. This can bedone by historical studies and the Qur’an as a reference. It supposes bedistinguished between the traditions of the historical and biography, thatthe traditions are supported by the facts of history, from technical traditionslargely historical, the traditions that are not supported by historical factsvalidity.
EPISTEMOLOGI ILMU ASBAB AL-WURUD HADIS
Authors: Lestari Lenni
Published: August 2019

Apple-interchange-newline"> This paper is supposed to explore the epistemology of sabab al-wurūd of hadith. The fial result are: First, asbāb al-wurūd is defied as a knowledge which pay attention to the causes of the emergence of an hadith and the condition around it. Second, the source of asbāb al-wurūd knowledge are books (read: creation) which related to the knowledge of asbāb al-wurūd. Third, the method to get asbāb al-wurūd is mainly trough narration (riwayat) and effort on judgment (ijtihad). Both last methods are dividedinto two, that are trough the narration of micro asbāb al-wurūd andtrough the effort on judgment of macro asbāb al-wurūd. Every hadith hasmacro asbāb al-wurūd but not every one of it has micro asbāb al-wurūd.Fourth, asbāb al-wurūd, as a knowledge is a science focuses to the studyof matn. Fifth, historically, asbāb al-wurūd didn’t have any contact to thephilosophy of science, but based on truth theory, the one which is moreappropriate to the process of asbāb al-wurūd’s validation is the coherencetruth theory.
Kemunculan Lingua Sacra dalam Sejarah al-Qur’an (Perspektif John Wansbrough)
Authors: Musaddad Asep
Published: August 2019

The language of the Qur’an has long been disputed in the history of Qur’anic exegesis. It particularly related to the discourse of Arabic rhetoric and in turn has also sparked a considerable controversy especially in the context of “kalam” sectarianism (madhhab kala>mi>). John Wansbrough, a famous Western scholar, is one of those who paid much attention on the issue in his monumental work, Qur’anic Studies. The work is regarded as one of the exponents of the “historical-critical” study of the Quran that contains several key issues, including the intersection of the Qur’an with Arabic rhetoric discourse, which in turn is also responsible for the emergence of sacred sense in the two domains. Starting with Wansbrough’s key issues on Qur’anic Studies, this article provides a brief introduction to his thought about the emergence of the concept of the sacred language (lingua sacra) in the history of the Qur’an and some of the implications thereof.Keywords: John Wansbrough, lingua sacra, rhetorical exegesis, majaz.
Hadis Tentang Hukum Khitan Perempuan (Kajian Sanad dan Matan)
Authors: Sayyidah Nurma
Published: August 2019

Circumcision is a tradition known and observed by societies form different religious tradiions worldwide. In Indonesia, especially on Muslim community, this tradition is deeply rooted. Having been observed for not only male but also female Muslims, its practice gains controversy. They who refuse its practice to women argue that female circumcision, while it is banned by WHO, it causes negative effects to women reproductive health. This paper attempts to examine hadith reports commonly used by Indonesian Muslims as the basis for legitimizing circumcision for female.Keywords: circumcision, Hadith, makrumah, tradition.