bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass cytometry-based peripheral blood analysis as a novel tool for early detection of solid tumours: a multicentre study
Authors: Zhang Qi , Ye Mao , Lin Cheng , Hu Manyi , Wang Yangyang , Lou Yu , Kong Quanming , Zhang Jungang , Li Junjian , Zhang Yuhua , Yang Tianxing , Sun Xu , Yao Weiyun , Hua Yongfei , Huang Haifeng , Xu Minghui , Wang Xiaoguang , Yu Xin , Tao Weifeng , Liu Runtian , Gao Yuming , Wang Tian , Wang Jianing , Wei Xiaobao , Wu Jiangchao , Yu Zhengping , Zhang Chengwu , Yu Chaohui , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo
Published: September 2022

Objective

Early detection of a tumour remains an unmet medical need, and approaches with high sensitivity and specificity are urgently required. Mass cytometry time-of-flight (CyTOF) is a powerful technique to profile immune cells and could be applied to tumour detection. We attempted to establish diagnostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Design

We performed CyTOF analysis for 2348 participants from 15 centres, including 1131 participants with hepatic diseases, 584 participants with pancreatic diseases and 633 healthy volunteers. Diagnostic models were constructed through random forest algorithm and validated in subgroups.

Results

We determined the disturbance of systemic immunity caused by HCC and PDAC, and calculated a peripheral blood immune score (PBIScore) based on the constructed model. The PBIScore exhibited good performance in detecting HCC and PDAC, with both sensitivity and specificity being around 80% in the validation cohorts. We further established an integrated PBIScore (iPBIScore) by combining PBIScore and alpha-fetoprotein or carbohydrate antigen 19-9. The iPBIScore for HCC had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99, 0.97 and 0.96 in training, internal validation and external validation cohorts, respectively. Similarly, the iPBIScore for PDAC showed an AUC of 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97 in the training, internal validation and external validation cohorts, respectively. In early-stage and tumour-marker-negative patients, our iPBIScore-based models also showed an AUC of 0.95–0.96 and 0.81–0.92, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study proved that the alterations of peripheral immune cell subsets could assist tumour detection, and provide a ready-to-use detection model for HCC and PDAC.
Concussion education for youth athletes using Pre-Game Safety Huddles: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Chrisman Sara P D , Glang Ann , Hunt Tamerah , Hays Rachel , Lowry Sarah , Peterson Alexis , Garrett Kimberly , Ramshaw Dane , Hafferty Kiana , Kinney Erin , Manzueta Maria , Steiner Mary Kathleen , Bollinger Beth J , Chiampas George , Rivara Frederick P
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Determine whether Pre-Game Safety Huddles, a novel and low-resource approach to concussion education, increase the expected likelihood of concussion reporting for youth athletes.

Methods

A cluster-randomised trial compared Safety Huddles to usual care. Safety Huddles bring together athletes and coaches from both teams before the start of each game for coaches to briefly affirm the importance of speaking up if a concussion is suspected. Participants were athletes from 22 competitive community-based American football and girls and boys soccer teams (ages 9–14), and randomisation into intervention or control occurred at the level of the bracket (group of teams that compete against each other during the regular season). The primary outcome was expected likelihood of reporting concussion symptoms to the coach, measured via validated athlete survey at the beginning and end of the season.

Results

Of 343 eligible participants, 339 (99%) completed baseline surveys and 303 (88%) completed surveys at season end. The mean (SD) age was 11.4 (1.1) years, 26% were female soccer athletes, 27% were male soccer athletes and 47% were football athletes. In adjusted analyses accounting for baseline values and clustering by sport and team via random effects, expected likelihood of concussion reporting at the end of the season was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to controls (mean difference=0.49, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.88; Cohen’s d=0.35).

Conclusions and relevance

Pre-Game Safety Huddles increased the expected likelihood of athletes reporting concussion symptoms. While further study is warranted, sport organisations should consider this approach a promising low-resource option for improving concussion safety in their setting.

Trial registration number

NCT04099329.
Genetic associations with polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of the mitochondrial genome; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moosa Almira , Ghani Meeladah , O'Neill Helen Claire
Published: September 2022

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains the most common female reproductive endocrine disorder. Genetic studies have predominantly focused on the role of the nuclear genome, while the contribution of mitochondrial genetics in PCOS remains largely unknown.

Aim

This study aims to systematically evaluate the literature regarding the associations between the mitochondrial genome and PCOS.

Methods

A literature search focused on PCOS and mitochondrial genetics was conducted on (1) MEDLINE, (2) EMBASE and (3) The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL and Cochrane Reviews). Search results were screened for eligibility, and data involving genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were extracted. Quantitative data were presented in forest plots, and where this was not possible, data were analysed in a qualitative manner. Quality of studies was assessed using the Q-Genie tool.

Results

Of the 13 812 identified studies, 15 studies were eligible for inclusion, with 8 studies suitable for meta-analysis. Women with PCOS showed higher frequencies of a 9 bp deletion, and aberrant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ND5, A6 and 7 transfer RNA-encoding genes. They also showed lower frequencies of two SNPs in the D-loop of the genome. Women with PCOS also exhibited significantly lowered mtDNA copy number.

Conclusion

Women with PCOS harbour genetic variants in coding and non-coding regions of the mitochondrial genome. This may disrupt the electron transport chain and lead to oxidative stress, causing apoptosis of cells and further genetic damage. However, further studies of higher quality are required to confirm these associations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021267991.
Psychotherapy and change in mental health-related work disability: a prospective Finnish population-level register-based study with a quasi-experimental design
Authors: Kausto Johanna , Gluschkoff Kia , Turunen Jarno , Selinheimo Sanna , Peutere Laura , Väänänen Ari
Published: September 2022

Background

Mental disorders are a major cause of work disability among the working-age population. Psychotherapy has shown to be an effective treatment for mental disorders, but the evidence is mainly based on small-scale randomised trials with relatively short follow-ups. We used population-based register data to examine the association between statutory rehabilitative psychotherapy and change in depression or anxiety-related work disability.

Methods

We drew a nationally representative sample of the working-age population (aged 18–55 in 2010). The study group comprised all those who started rehabilitative psychotherapy in 2011–2014. A total of 10 436 participants who were followed from 3 years prior to 4 years after the onset of rehabilitative psychotherapy. This resulted in 83 488 observations. The annual total number of mental health-related work disability months (0 to 12) was calculated from the total number of annual compensated sickness absence and disability pension days. A quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis was applied.

Results

The onset of rehabilitative psychotherapy marked a decline in work disability in comparison to the counterfactual trend. Specifically, a 20% decrease in the level (incidence rate ratio, IRR 0.80; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85) and a 48% decrease in the slope (IRR 0.52; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.54) of work disability were detected in comparison to the counterfactual scenario. No significant gender differences were observed. The decline in work disability was the steepest in the oldest age group.

Conclusions

This study suggests that statutory psychotherapy may decrease work disability at the population level. However, further evidence of causal inference and the potential heterogeneity of the association is required.
Personalized neoantigen vaccine combined with PD-1 blockade increases CD8+tissue-resident memory T-cell infiltration in preclinical hepatocellular carcinoma models
Authors: Chen Hengkai , Li Zhenli , Qiu Liman , Dong Xiuqing , Chen Geng , Shi Yingjun , Cai Linsheng , Liu Wenhan , Ye Honghao , Zhou Yang , Ouyang Jiahe , Cai Zhixiong , Liu Xiaolong
Published: September 2022

Background

Personalized neoantigen vaccine could induce a robust antitumor immune response in multiple cancers, whose efficacy could be further enhanced by combining with programmed cell death 1 blockade (α-PD-1). However, the corresponding immune response and synergistic mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we aimed to develop clinically available combinational therapeutic strategy and further explore its potential antitumor mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Neoantigen peptide vaccine (NeoVAC) for murine HCC cell line Hepa1-6 was developed and optimized by neoantigen screening and adjuvant optimization. Then the synergistic efficacy and related molecular mechanisms of NeoVAC combined with α-PD-1 in HCC were evaluated by orthotopic HCC mouse model, single-cell RNA sequencing, tetramer flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, etc. The tumor-killing capacity of CD8+tissue-resident memory T cells (CD8+TRMs) was assessed by orthotopic HCC mouse model, and autologous patient-derived cells.

Results

NeoVAC, which consisted of seven high immunogenic neoantigen peptides and clinical-grade Poly(I:C), could generate a strong antitumor immune response in HCC mouse models. Significantly, its efficacy could be further improved by combining with α-PD-1, with 80% of durable tumor regression and long-term immune memory in orthotopic HCC models. Moreover, in-depth analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment showed that the percentage of CD8+TRMswas remarkedly increased in NeoVAC plus α-PD-1 treatment group, and positively associated with the antitumor efficacy. In vitro and in vivo T-cell cytotoxicity assay further confirmed the strong tumor-killing capacity of CD8+TRMssorting from orthotopic mouse HCC or patient’s HCC tissue.

Conclusions

This study showed that NeoVAC plus α-PD-1 could induce a strong antitumor response and long-term tumor-specific immune memory in HCC by increasing CD8+TRMsinfiltration, which might serve as a potential immune-therapeutic target for HCC.
Intratumoral administration of CD1c (BDCA-1)+and CD141 (BDCA-3)+myeloid dendritic cells in combination with talimogene laherparepvec in immune checkpoint blockade refractory advanced melanoma patients: a phase I clinical trial
Authors: Schwarze Julia Katharina , Tijtgat Jens , Awada Gil , Cras Louise , Vasaturo Angela , Bagnall Christopher , Forsyth Ramses , Dufait Inès , Tuyaerts Sandra , Van Riet Ivan , Neyns Bart
Published: September 2022

Background

Intratumoral (IT) myeloid dendritic cells (myDCs) play a pivotal role in initiating antitumor immune responses and relicensing of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) induces immunogenic cell death, thereby providing maturation signals and enhancing the release of tumor antigens that can be captured and processed by CD1c (BDCA-1)+/ CD141 (BDCA-3)+myDCs, in order to reinvigorate the cancer-immunity cycle.

Methods

In this phase I trial, patients with advanced melanoma who failed standard therapy were eligible for IT injections of ≥1 non-visceral metastases with T-VEC on day 1 followed by IT injection of CD1c (BDCA-1)+myDCs +/- CD141 (BDCA-3)+myDCs on day 2. T-VEC injections were repeated on day 21 and every 14 days thereafter. The number of IT administered CD1c (BDCA-1)+myDCs was escalated from 0.5×106, to 1×106, to a maximum of 10×106cells in three sequential cohorts. In cohort 4, all isolated CD1c (BDCA-1)+/ CD141 (BDCA-3)+myDCs were used for IT injection. Primary objectives were safety and feasibility. Repetitive biopsies of treated lesions were performed.

Results

In total, 13 patients were enrolled (cohort 1 n=2; cohort 2 n=2; cohort 3 n=3; cohort 4 n=6). Patients received a median of 6 (range 3–8) T-VEC injections. The treatment was safe with most frequent adverse events being fatigue (n=11 (85%)), fever (n=8 (62%)), and chills/influenza-like symptoms (n=6 (46%)). Nine (69%) and four patients (31%), respectively, experienced pain or redness at the injection-site. Clinical responses were documented in injected and non-injected lesions. Two patients (cohort 3) who previously progressed on anti-PD-1 therapy (and one patient also on anti-CTLA-4 therapy) developed a durable, pathologically confirmed complete response that is ongoing at 33 and 35 months following initiation of study treatment. One additional patient treated (cohort 4) had an unconfirmed partial response as best response; two additional patients had a mixed response (with durable complete responses of some injected and non-injected lesions). On-treatment biopsies revealed a strong infiltration by inflammatory cells in regressing lesions.

Conclusions

IT coinjection of autologous CD1c (BDCA-1)++/- CD141 (BDCA-3)+myDCs with T-VEC is feasible, tolerable and resulted in encouraging early signs of antitumor activity in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory melanoma patients.

Trial registration number

NCT03747744.
Oral beclomethasone dipropionate is an effective treatment for immune checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis
Authors: Alexander James L , Ibraheim Hajir , Richards Camellia , Shum Ben , Pavlidis Polychronis , Hunter Nikki , Teare Julian P , Wotherspoon Andrew , Furness Andrew , Turajlic Samra , Pickering Lisa , Larkin James , Speight Ally , Papa Sophie , Powell Nick
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for immune checkpoint inhibitor induced (CPI) colitis but are associated with complications including life-threatening infection. The topically acting oral corticosteroid beclomethasone dipropionate (BD) is an effective treatment for mild to moderate flares of ulcerative colitis, and has fewer side effects than systemic corticosteroids. We hypothesized that BD would be an effective treatment for CPI-induced colitis.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who started BD for CPI-induced colitis at three UK cancer centers between November 2017 and October 2020. All patients underwent endoscopic assessment and biopsy. The initial regimen of BD was 5 mg once daily for 28 days. Data were collected from electronic patient records. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 28 days after initiation of treatment.

Results

Twenty-two patients (14 male) with a median age of 64 (range 45–84) with CPI-induced colitis were treated with BD. At baseline, the median number of loose stools in a 24-hour period was six (common terminology criteria for adverse events, CTCAE grade diarrhea=2). Thirteen patients (59%) were dependent on systemic corticosteroids prior to starting BD. Baseline sigmoidoscopy showed moderate inflammation (Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) = 2) in two patients (9%), mild inflammation (MES=1) in nine patients (41%) and normal findings (MES=0) in eleven patients (50%). Twenty patients (91%) had histopathological features of inflammation. All 22 patients (100%) had a clinical response to BD and 21 (95%) achieved clinical remission with a return to baseline stool frequency (CTCAE diarrhea=0). Ten patients (45%) had symptomatic relapse on cessation of BD, half within 7 days of stopping. All patients recaptured response on restarting BD. No adverse events were reported in patients treated with BD.

Conclusions

Topical BD represents an appealing alternative option to systemic immunosuppressive treatments to treat colonic inflammation. In this study, BD was effective and safe at inducing remission in CPI-induced colitis, which was refractory to systemic corticosteroids. Further randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the optimum dosing regimen.
Comprehensive RNA and protein functional assessments contribute to the clinical interpretation ofMSH2variants causing in-frame splicing alterations
Authors: Meulemans Laëtitia , Baert Desurmont Stéphanie , Waill Marie-Christine , Castelain Gaia , Killian Audrey , Hauchard Julie , Frebourg Thierry , Coulet Florence , Martins Alexandra , Muleris Martine , Gaildrat Pascaline
Published: September 2022

Background

Spliceogenic variants in disease-causing genes are often presumed pathogenic since most induce frameshifts resulting in loss of function. However, it was recently shown in cancer predisposition genes that some may trigger in-frame anomalies that preserve function. Here, we addressed this question by usingMSH2, a DNA mismatch repair gene implicated in Lynch syndrome, as a model system.

Methods

EighteenMSH2variants, mostly localised within canonical splice sites, were analysed by using minigene splicing assays. The impact of the resulting protein alterations was assessed in a methylation tolerance-based assay. Clinicopathological characteristics of variant carriers were collected.

Results

Three in-frame RNA biotypes were identified based on variant-induced spliceogenic outcomes: exon skipping (E3, E4, E5 and E12), segmental exonic deletions (E7 and E15) and intronic retentions (I3, I6, I12 and I13). The 10 corresponding protein isoforms exhibit either large deletions (49–93 amino acids (aa)), small deletions (12 or 16 aa) or insertions (3–10 aa) within different functional domains. We showed that all these modifications abrogate MSH2 function, in agreement with the clinicopathological features of variant carriers.

Conclusion

Altogether, these data demonstrate that MSH2 function is intolerant to in-frame indels caused by the spliceogenic variants analysed in this study, supporting their pathogenic nature. This work stresses the importance of combining complementary RNA and protein approaches to ensure accurate clinical interpretation of in-frame spliceogenic variants.
Identification of variants in genes associated with autoinflammatory disorders in a cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Atschekzei Faranaz , Dubrowinskaja Natalia , Anim Manfred , Thiele Thea , Witte Torsten , Sogkas Georgios
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Besides adaptive immunity genes, genetic risk factors for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) include innate immunity loci, which suggests an autoinflammatory disease mechanism, at least in a subset of patients. Here, we aimed at investigating the autoinflammatory genetic background of PsA.

Methods

A total of 120 patients with PsA visiting the outpatient clinics of the Hannover University hospital underwent targeted next-generation sequencing, searching for variations in genes linked with inborn errors of immunity classified as autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs). Deleteriousness of rare variants was evaluated through in silico analysis.

Results

We found 45 rare predicted deleterious variants in 37 out of 120 (30.8%) patients with PsA. Relatively common were variants in AP1S3, PLCG2, NOD2 and NLRP12. All 45 variants were monoallelic and 25 of them, identified in 20 out of 120 (16.7%) patients, were localised in genes associated with autosomal dominant (AD) disorders. Detection of those variants is associated with pustular psoriasis or a coexisting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Conclusions

Approximately 30% of patients with PsA harboured at least one variant in a gene associated with an AID, suggesting an autoinflammatory disease mechanism. Detection of variants in genes linked to AD-AIDs may explain extra-articular manifestations of PsA, such as pustular psoriasis and IBD.
ANALYSIS OF PIECEWISE COVID-19 MODEL WITH ASYMPTOMATIC AND SYMPTOMATIC POPULATIONS WITH WANING IMMUNITY UNDER SINGULAR AND NONSINGULAR KERNELS
Authors: ALHARTHI NADIYAH HUSSAIN , ALBALAWI KHOLOUD SAAD
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic touched about 200 countries of the globe. A strategy is given in this paper by considering a seven-compartment mathematical model with the inclusion of asymptomatic and symptomatic populations with waning immunity under the piecewise derivative concept of singular and nonsingular kernels, respectively. We investigate the dynamics of COVID-19 with the new framework of piecewise fractional derivative in the sense of Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo fractional operators. The said analysis includes at least one solution and unique solution analysis with piecewise derivative in two subintervals. The proposed model is carried out by the approximate solution of piecewise numerical iterative technique of Newton polynomial. Each equation is written separately for the algorithm of numerical technique. Graphical representation for the proposed piecewise derivable model has been simulated with the available data at various global orders lying between 0 and 1 for both the subintervals. Such type of analysis will be very good and helpful for all those global problems where sudden or abrupt variation occurs.
A FRACTIONAL SARS-COV-2 MODEL WITH ATANGANA–BALEANU DERIVATIVE: APPLICATION TO FOURTH WAVE
Authors: CHU YU-MING , YASSEN MANSOUR F. , AHMAD IRSHAD , SUNTHRAYUTH PONGSAKORN , KHAN MUHAMMAD ALTAF
Published: September 2022

A dynamical model of SARS-CoV-2 in fractional derivative using the cases of coronavirus of the fourth wave is presented. We construct basically the model in an integer case, and later it is extended to a fractional-order system by applying the Atangana–Baleanu operator definition. We give some background definitions and results for the fractional-order model. We present for the disease-free case that the model is locally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text]. The global dynamics of the fractional model are given when [Formula: see text] for the disease-free case. The model is further extended to fractional stochastic piecewise equations in the Atangana–Baleanu case. The reported cases from the fourth wave in Pakistan starting from July 1 up to November 16, 2021 are considered for the estimation of the parameters. We fitted our model to the suggested data and obtained the numerical value of the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] for fractional order. We give the data fitting to both the fractional and piecewise stochastic differential equations, and show them both as having a good fitting to the data. We use further the numerical values of the model parameters and present its numerical results graphically using the effective numerical approaches. Some sensitive parameters that are reasonable for disease eliminations are used to obtain the graphical results.
STUDY ON THE DYNAMICS OF A PIECEWISE TUMOR–IMMUNE INTERACTION MODEL
Authors: SAIFULLAH SAYED , AHMAD SHABIR , JARAD FAHD
Published: September 2022

Many approaches have been proposed in recent decades to represent the behaviors of certain complicated global problems appearing in a variety of academic domains. One of these issues is the multi-step behavior that some situations exhibit. Abdon and Seda devised new operators known as “piecewise operators” to deal with such problems. This paper presents the dynamics of the tumor–immune–vitamins model in the sense of a piecewise derivative. The piecewise operator considered here is composed of classical and Caputo operators. The existence and uniqueness of the solution with a piecewise derivative are presented with the aid of fixed point results. With the help of the Newton polynomial, a numerical scheme is presented for the examined model. The attained results are visualized through simulations for different fractional orders.
NIPG Method on Shishkin Mesh for Singularly Perturbed Convection–Diffusion Problem with Discontinuous Source Term
Authors: Ranjan Kumar Rajeev , Gowrisankar S.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we provide numerical approaches for singularly perturbed convection–diffusion problem with a discontinuous source term. As a result of the discontinuity in the source term, the problem highlights an exponential-type boundary layer and a weak interior layer. To handle both the layers at the same time, we design a nonsymmetric discontinuous Galerkin finite element technique with interior penalties (NIPG). The problem is solved using the standard Shishkin mesh. In the DG norm, uniform error estimates are derived for the problem. To verify the theoretical estimates, numerical tests are carried out.
Approximate arbitrary (k,l) states solutions of deformed Dirac and Schrödinger equations with new generalized Schiöberg and Manning–Rosen potentials within the generalized tensor interactionsin 3D-EQM symmetries
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: September 2022

Relativistic and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics formulated in a noncommutative space-space have recently become the object of renewed interest. In the context of extended relativistic quantum mechanics (ERQM) symmetries with arbitrary spin-orbit coupling quantum number [Formula: see text], we approximate to solve the deformed Dirac equation (DDE) for a new suggested new generalized Schiöberg and Manning–Rosen potentials within the generalized (Coulomb and Yukawa)-like tensor interactions (NGSM-GLTs). In the framework of the spin and pseudospin (p-spin) symmetry, we obtain the global new energy eigenvalue which equals the energy eigenvalue in usual relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) as the main part plus three corrected parts produced from the effect of the spin-orbit interaction, the new modified Zeeman, and the rotational Fermi term, by using the parametric of the well-known Bopp’s shift method and standard perturbation theory using Greene–Aldrich approximation to handle [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and other terms in the effective potential. The new values that we got appeared sensitive to the quantum numbers ([Formula: see text]), the mixed potential depths ([Formula: see text],[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]), the range of the potential [Formula: see text], and noncommutativity parameters ([Formula: see text],[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]). We recovered several potentials, including the improved Schiöberg and Manning–Rosen potentials within the improved Yukawa-like tensor interaction, the new Schiöberg and Manning–Rosen potentials within the improved Coulomb-like tensor interaction, the new Schiöberg potential within the improved Yukawa-like tensor interaction, the new Manning–Rosen potential within the improved Yukawa-like tensor interaction, and the new Schiöberg and Manning–Rosen potentials potential problems in the context of nonrelativistic extended quantum mechanics symmetries.
Optimization of urban transport; an alternative to checkerboard towns plans
Authors: Hernández-López Eymard , Wences Giovanni
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we established a precedent to provide urban planning alternatives, given that in modern mobility problems, it is difficult to provide a corrective solution. The proposal of this work focuses on finding preventive rather than remedial solutions, although in particular cases, it may be applicable. We simulated town design situations with optimal ramified transport and metaheuristic optimization methods. For this purpose, it was necessary to analyze the essential aspects of road transportation and traffic problems in the world’s leading cities, considering the hypodamic planes proposed in antiquity and contrasting their properties with optimal ramified transportation.
The seismic network of Ischia island from 1993 to 2021
Authors: Tramelli Anna , Orazi Massimo , Nardone Lucia , Bobbio Antonella , Benincasa Aldo , Buonocunto Ciro , Capello Marco , Caputo Antonio , Castellano Mario , D'Auria Luca , De Cesare Walter , Di Filippo Alessandro , Galluzzo Danilo , Gaudiosi Guido , Giudicepietro Flora , Liguoro Francesco , Lo Bascio Domenico , Martini Marcello , Martino Claudio , Peluso Rosario , Ricciolino Patrizia , Scarpato Giovanni , Torello Vincenzo , Bianco Francesca
Published: September 2022

The volcanic island of Ischia has shown to have an important seismogenic potential, being the location of several destructive earthquakes, e.g. 1881, 1883 and 2017. The damage caused by these earthquakes was more connected to the proximity of the source to the surface than to their magnitude (M
w
< 5.2). The need to monitor and model this seismicity required the installation of a dense and modern seismic network. The first modern seismic station on the island was installed in 1993, and the network was successively increased with time. A meaningful improvement to the network was made after the earthquake that occurred on the 21 of August 2017. The network currently has 11 sites with velocimeters and some of them with accelerometers installed too. We analysed the seismic network configuration in comparison with the seismicity that characterizes the area to mark a starting point for future seismological analysis. The network is currently able to locate shallow earthquakes with duration magnitude greater or equal to 0 in the whole island.
Uncertainty-Aware Personal Assistant for Making Personalized Privacy Decisions
Authors: Ayci Gonul , Sensoy Murat , Özgür Arzucan , Yolum Pinar
Published: September 2022

Many software systems, such as online social networks, enable users to share information about themselves. Although the action of sharing is simple, it requires an elaborate thought process on privacy: what to share, with whom to share, and for what purposes. Thinking about these for each piece of content to be shared is tedious. Recent approaches to tackle this problem build personal assistants that can help users by learning what is private over time and recommending privacy labels such as private or public to individual content that a user considers sharing. However, privacy is inherently
ambiguous
and highly
personal
. Existing approaches to recommend privacy decisions do not address these aspects of privacy sufficiently. Ideally, a personal assistant should be able to adjust its recommendation based on a given user, considering that user’s privacy understanding. Moreover, the personal assistant should be able to assess when its recommendation would be uncertain and let the user make the decision on her own. Accordingly, this article proposes a personal assistant that uses evidential deep learning to classify content based on its privacy label. An important characteristic of the personal assistant is that it can model its uncertainty in its decisions explicitly, determine that it does not know the answer, and delegate from making a recommendation when its uncertainty is high. By factoring in the user’s own understanding of privacy, such as risk factors or own labels, the personal assistant can personalize its recommendations per user. We evaluate our proposed personal assistant using a well-known dataset. Our results show that our personal assistant can accurately identify uncertain cases, personalize them to its user’s needs, and thus helps users preserve their privacy well.
Discussion on Redundant Processing Algorithm of Association Rules Based on Hypergraph in Data Mining
Authors: Zhu Jintan
Published: September 2022

With the rapid advancement of big data, it is becoming a great problem for people to find objective information in the database. The relevance data processing rule for digging the information can be the way. Relevance data processing rule for digging the information is mainly studied in three aspects: data dimension, data abstraction level, and processing variable type. In the aspect of rules, the research mainly focuses on three aspects: active relationships, passive rules, and uncommon relationship rules. Association rules of digging the data can be the most well-employed investigation goal and aim for the data digging. Along with the advancement of the information scale, the time rate of traditional relationship rules exploration of counting ways is too low. How to increase the time rate for the way of counting is the main research content of relevance data processing rules for digging the information. Current relevance data processing rules for digging the information have two limitations: (1) metrics such as support, confidence, and lift rely too much on expert knowledge or complex adjustment processes in value selection; (2) it is often difficult to explain rare association rules. Based on the existing research, this paper proposes a Markov logic network framework model of association rules to address the above shortcomings. The theory of a hypergraph and system is proposed, and the method of a hypergraph in 3D matrix modeling is studied. Aiming at the new characteristics of big data analysis, a new super edge definition method is introduced according to the definition of the system, which greatly enhances the ability to solve problems. In the cluster analysis and calculation of hypergraph, this paper will use the hypergraph segmentation operator hMETIS to carry out the cluster analysis method in order to achieve higher accuracy in cluster analysis and calculation. As for the test of cycle ones, which is in line with the relevance of the hypergraph with clear directions, the thesis will offer a brand-new way to make an analysis and turn the rule of relevance into the hypergraph with clear directions with a new definition of the near linking matrix, and it will change the dealing way from the test of the cycle and more ones into the linking f bricks and circles, which is a new way to explore. This paper uses two datasets of different sizes to conduct rule prediction accuracy experiments on the Markov logic network framework model algorithm of association rules and the traditional association rule algorithm. The results show that compared with the traditional association rule algorithm, the rules obtained by the Markov logic network framework model of association rules have a higher prediction accuracy.
Nanotechnology-Enhanced Face Masks: Future Scopes and Perspectives
Authors: Maher Ashraf , Abdo Mohamed S. , Abdo Hany S.
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has shown that a disposable surgical face mask is a good protective wall against infection due to its ability to prevent virus transmission from sick to healthy people. Nevertheless, these surgical masks are disposable, not ecofriendly, and are single-use items. The use and disposal of traditional masks lead to high secondary risks such as environmental pollution, pathogen transmission, overload demands, and user discomfort. Nanotechnology is one of the most investigated strategies to safely and economically reuse masks in the 21st century. These strategies are based on four key elements as follows: (1) super mechanical properties that give masks flexibility, durability, and good lifetime storage; (2) high thermal properties that give masks heat self-sterilization; (3) an electric charge controller that gives masks triboelectric (TE) filtration; and (4) response to the antimicrobial effect that stays in the mask before, during, and after safe use. These properties give new-generation masks the ability to remove the drawbacks of traditional surgical masks, such as microbial growth and low filtration efficiency. The graphene family has introduced the self-sterilization and TE effects of surgical masks. Silver nanoparticles have supported antimicrobial effects. Nanofiber membranes are fabricated to have a high surface area that improves the fiber diameter and porosity ratio. A traditional mask could only block a maximum of 50% of the exhaled viruses, but a nanofiber-based mask has been tested to intercept 90% to 99% of particle viruses while breathing during use. Complex nanocomposite materials have succeeded in collecting all these advantages.
[Retracted] Study on Transmission Channel and Pollution Sources Region of O3 in Qingyuan City
Authors: Li Cuihua , Boru Mai , Li Yangbin , Peng Jingman , Huang Qingxi
Published: September 2022

Based on the Lagrange mixed single‐particle trajectory model and NCEP global reanalysis meteorological data, the 72 h backward airflow trajectory in Qingyuan City in different seasons from 2018 to 2020 was analyzed by cluster analysis. Combined with the hourly average concentration data of O3, the potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis were used to study the regional transport and possible source area of O3 in Qingyuan City and analyzed the relationship among O3 and wind speed, wind direction, NO2, and CO. The results showed that from 2018 to 2020, the most significant proportion of primary pollutants in Qingyuan City was ozone. The annual average concentration reached the highest value since monitoring in 2019. In 2020, the impact of epidemic prevention and control decreased. The daily average concentration change characteristics showed a single peak, with the highest concentration in the afternoon, the highest peak concentration in summer, followed by spring, and the lowest concentration in winter. There are differences in the concentration of O3 between different sources of airflow in Qingyuan City. The potential source contribution factor shows that the high‐value covered areas are mainly in Guangzhou, Foshan, and Zhongshan, which can be considered the main potential source areas. These areas can be regarded as the main potential source areas. The concentration weight trajectory showed that external and local sources affected the O3 pollution in Qingyuan during the four seasons. The high ozone concentration in Qingyuan mainly appeared in the south wind direction, indicating that the high ozone concentration in Qingyuan was greatly affected by the external transmission of the southern Pearl River Delta. The correlation between ozone concentration and CO concentration is poor, and the effect on ozone concentration is less than that of NO2.
Research on the Application of Computer-Assisted Translation Technology in Translation Teaching
Authors: Yang Yang , Su Meng
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the quality of translation teaching, this study combines computer-aided translation technology to construct a translation teaching system, uses digital signal processing as a technical means to process waveform data online, and designs digital models for signal flow. Moreover, this study designs a digital filter to suppress waveform noise to improve the accuracy of amplitude measurement and uses a hardware algorithm for accumulating shift and averaging to correct the baseline stacking effect in real time. In addition, this study builds an intelligent translation software system with the support of algorithms in combination with translation requirements and conducts experimental verification of translation digital processing. Finally, the simulation experiment verifies the digital translation processing effect of the method in this study, and the application effect of computer-aided translation technology in translation teaching is verified through teaching evaluation research.
[Retracted] Translation of Japanese Literature Language and Natural Language Environment Understanding Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Gu Lisha
Published: September 2022

Literary translation encompasses not only the communication of ideas across cultures but also the conversion of one word into another. The translation of Japanese literature will, therefore, undoubtedly convey this foreign culture. This study examines the semantic expression of words, the NN model for common sense reasoning, the method of building a common sense knowledge base, and the translation of Japanese literary language with an emphasis on the semantic expression and reasoning methods of natural language based on NN. The network structure, parameter processing, learning algorithm, and learning samples are all discussed in detail at the same time as the integrated NN model is presented. According to simulation results, this algorithm can achieve an accuracy of about 95% and a recall rate of about 96.5%. In addition to greatly enhancing the model’s flexibility and popularity, this approach successfully addresses the issue of information loss. It can offer some references for both the translation of literary language and the understanding of natural language.
Effect of Different Durations of Eye-Covering Pretreatment on Emergence Delirium after Ophthalmic Surgery in Preschool-Aged Children: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Dong Pei-Fang , Qiao Dan-Ni , Chen Hui-Lian , Lu Shui-Hua , Qu Shao-Hong , Wu Yun-Tao , Zhao Di , Wan Ting
Published: September 2022

Background. Preoperative eye-covering training for 3 hours has been reported to effectively reduce the incidence of emergence delirium (ED) in preschool children. However, most children can only maintain the eye being covered for less than 60 min, and shortening eye-covering duration can also achieve similar clinical effects as long duration of eye-covering. This study was designed to compare the effects of 30-min and 60-min eye-covering pretreatment based on cartoon education only on preoperative anxiety, postoperative ED, and pain score after ophthalmic surgery with general anesthesia in preschool-aged children. Methods. Preschool-aged children (3–7 years) who were diagnosed with cataract, blepharoptosis, trichiasis, strabismus, eyelid tumor, and underwent ophthalmic surgery with general anesthesia from August 2021 to January 2022 were recruited. A total of 228 patients were randomly assigned at a 1 : 1:1 ratio to receive 30-min eye covering (30-min group), 60-min eye covering (60-min group) pretreatment, or programmed education only (C group). The preoperative anxiety, postoperative emergence delirium, and pain were compared between the groups. Results. The preoperative anxiety score, postoperative ED score, and incidence of ED in the 30-min group (n = 76) and 60-min group (n = 72) were significantly lower than those in the C group (n = 76), demonstrating a significant between-group difference (

P
<
0.001

). However, the 30-min group and 60-min group had no significant difference in the abovementioned outcome measures (

P
>
0.05

). Moreover, no significant difference was found in postoperative pain scores among the three groups (H = 0.274,

P
=
0.872

). Conclusion. Both 30-min and 60-min eye-covering pretreatments significantly reduce preoperative anxiety and postoperative ED after ophthalmic surgery with general anesthesia in preschool-aged children. The effects of the two groups show no intergroup difference, but the 30-min eye-covering pretreatment may be more convenient for practicing. Trial Registration. This study was registered with the No. NCT04973150.
Research on University Financial Accounting Management System Based on Big Data and Blockchain Data Fusion
Authors: Wang Qianyi
Published: September 2022

The majority of traditional finance management in colleges and universities is manual. This backward management mode brings a lot of inconvenience to financial processing. An essential concern in the daily financial administration of colleges and universities is how to efficiently gather, handle, and evaluate this important financial information and apply this beneficial knowledge to the daily management of colleges and universities. College and university finance administration has become increasingly complex due to the rapid growth of these institutions. The standard financial accounting management system is far from adequate for the daily needs of colleges and universities as their size grows. As a result, a new financial accounting management system for universities is being developed based on the combination of big data and blockchain data. The embedded processor, DDR2 memory chip, network interface, and USB interface are all designed by the hardware section. The software element examines the needs of university financial accounting management before designing a model based on big data and blockchain integration for university financial accounting management. Finally, the financial accounting management function module and database are designed and tested. The experimental results show that the designed financial accounting management system can effectively carry out financial management, has good performance, and has certain application value.
Comparison of Efficacy and Psychology of Breast-Conserving Surgery and Modified Radical Mastectomy on Patients with Early Breast Cancer under Graded Nursing
Authors: Ren Tiantian , Wu Jianli , Qian Lu , Liu Jing , Ni Kan
Published: September 2022

Objective. To compare the efficacy and psychology of breast-conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer (BC) under graded nursing. Methods. Forty-one early breast-conserving surgery BC patients admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to March 2022 were regarded as group A, and 52 with modified radical surgery were seen as group B. The operating time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, and hospital stay were compared, and the postoperative adverse effects were counted. In addition, patients’ psychology and quality of life were assessed using the HAMD, HAMA, and QLSBC rating scales. At the time of discharge, a treatment satisfaction survey was conducted. Results. The operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, and hospital stay of patients in group A were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). After treatment, the HAMD and HAMA scores were lower in group A than in group B, while the QLSBC scores and treatment satisfaction were higher (P<0.05). Conclusion. Breast-conserving surgery under graded nursing is less damaging to early BC patients. It can effectively shorten the postoperative recovery process and improve the psychology and quality of life, so it has higher clinical applicability.
[Retracted] Mental Health Education for Primary School Teachers in Areas Lacking Environmental Resource Dilemma and Countermeasures
Authors: Wang Qiuge
Published: September 2022

With the development of society and the progress of education, primary school teachers in areas lacking in environmental resources were facing many problems, and teachers’ mental health problems were facing many challenges. The primary education conditions in the areas lacking in environmental resources were limited, and the education level needs to be improved. Therefore, the primary school teachers in the areas lacking in environmental resources should keep a good psychological state and make greater contributions to the primary education in the areas lacking in environmental resources. As the leader of primary education activities, teachers had a direct and profound influence on the growth and development of pupils in the enlightenment stage. Therefore, it was necessary to change the education and teaching concept, move towards the mental health education concept in the areas with poor environmental resources, strengthen the training of teachers’ mental health education literacy, and actively explore the new mode of teacher education.
A Bibliometric Analysis on Agent‐Based Models in Finance: Identification of Community Clusters and Future Research Trends
Authors: Trinidad Segovia Juan E. , Di Sciorio Fabrizio , Mattera Raffaele , Spano Maria
Published: September 2022

Agent‐based models are computational approaches used to reproduce the interactions between economic agents. These models are widely applied in many contexts to get deeper understanding about agents’ behaviors within complex systems. In this paper, we provide a bibliometric analysis about agent‐based models in finance and, considering bibliographic coupling, we identify the presence of two distinct clusters of research communities, i.e., financial economics and econophysics. Cluster‐specific thematic analyses are conducted to understand if the two communities are characterized by different emerging and motor topics. By highlighting several differences in the clusters, we also show the two research communities specialized in different specific topics.