bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexity, Governance and Networks: Perspectives from Public Administration
Authors: Kapucu Naim
Published: July 2014

Complex public policy problems require a productive collaboration among different actors from multiple sectors. Networks are widely applied as a public management tool and strategy. This warrantrs a deeper analysis of networks and network management in public administration. There is a strong interest in both in practice and theory of networks in public administration. This requires an analysis of complex networks within public governance settings. In this this essay I briefly discuss research streams on complex networks, network governance, and current research challenges in public administration.
From the Habit of Control to Institutional Enablement: Re-envisioning the Governance of Social-Ecological Systems from the Perspective of Complexity Sciences
Authors: Zia Asim , Kauffman Stuart , Koliba Christopher , Beckage Brian , Vattay Gabor , Bomblies Arne
Published: July 2014

Due to the inherent uncertainty in predicting the evolution of phase-spaces in social-ecological systems (SESs), these systems cannot be “optimally” managed through top-down, command and control type of governance designs. Instead, generalized autocatalytic set theory, a type of network and complexity theory with foundations in mathematical graph theory, may be used as a bottom-up, emergent and co-evolutionary framework to design the governance regimes of SESs. Under this theoretical re-conceptualization, the policy and institutional interventions can at best “enable” the policy-makers to nudge SESs towards socially desirable yet ecologically feasible phase-spaces, which in turn are continually revamped as new elements in phase-spaces emerge.
Complex Governance Networks: An Assessment of the Advances and Prospects
Authors: Morçöl Göktuğ
Published: July 2014

The case is made for a complex governance networks conceptualization. The contributions of the literatures on governance, networks, and complexity studies are discussed. Governance researchers challenged the traditional ways of thinking in public policy and administration and highlighted the multi-centered nature of policy and administrative processes. Governance networks researchers applied the refined network concepts and methods to our understanding of governance processes. Complexity researchers provide ontological and epistemological grounding to governance networks studies and conceptual and methodological tools to study the self-organizational, emergent, and coevolutionary processes within and among complex governance networks. It is argued that the concepts and methods of the three streams should be synthesized and that complex governance network researchers should incorporate the insights of well-established theories of policy processes, such as the institutional analysis and development framework and the advocacy coalition framework.
Evidence of an upper mantle seismic anomaly opposing theCocos slab beneath theIsthmus ofTehuantepec,Mexico
Authors: Kim YoungHee , Lim Hobin , Miller Meghan S. , Pearce Fred , Clayton Robert W.
Published: July 2014

Subduction of the Cocos plate beneath southern Mexico is characterized by several unusual features, such as a discontinuous volcanic arc, unusual arc chemistry, and anomalously low topography of Tehuantepec Isthmus. Recent seismic images from both receiver functions and seismic tomography suggest that there may be an additional, opposing structure dipping to the southwest from the Gulf of Mexico, and these images have been previously explained by a southwest‐dipping slab. However, standard models of the Caribbean tectonic history do not support this interpretation. To better define the Cocos slab's structure and the possible existence of a structure dipping in the opposite direction, dense seismic data across southern Mexico are used to form high‐resolution seismic images, based on the 2‐D generalized radon transform method, and to relocate regional earthquakes. Our images show the Cocos plate dipping at 30° to the northeast encounters the anomaly that is dipping in the opposite sense at ∼150 km depth. Relocated seismicity clearly delineates a Wadati‐Benioff zone that marks the subducting Cocos plate. A cluster of seismicity also appears at ∼150 km depth which may be related to the subduction of the Tehuantepec ridge and/or to the imaged seismic structure with opposite polarity.
A model for knickpoint migration in first‐ and second‐order streams
Authors: Bressan Filippo , Papanicolaou A. N. , Abban Benjamin
Published: July 2014

We introduce a new theoretical framework for knickpoint migration in unventilated flows prevalent in channelized semicohesive first‐ and second‐order streams characterized by a sequence of constrictions and expansions in the channel cross section. A key feature of the framework is the inclusion of shear‐induced fluvial erosion due to flow suction at the nappe as the key mechanism driving migration. Channel surveys, water stage, time‐lapse photography, and laser scans from Mud Creek, Iowa, USA, confirm this unventilated erosive mechanism and reveal a dual advective‐diffusive mode of retreat. We treat the fluvial bed shear stress as being similar to the flow on the lee side of a submerged obstacle and derive a governing equation which is a generalized Burgers' equation. The equation is solved to successfully simulate knickpoints monitored in two sites (Iowa and Mississippi), and a modified Peclet number is used to analyze the advective‐diffusive nature of the knickpoint migration.
Sea level extremes in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Torres R. Ricardo , Tsimplis Michael N.
Published: July 2014

Sea level extremes in the Caribbean Sea are analyzed on the basis of hourly records from 13 tide gauges. The largest sea level extreme observed is 83 cm at Port Spain. The largest nontidal residual in the records is 76 cm, forced by a category 5 hurricane. Storm surges in the Caribbean are primarily caused by tropical storms and stationary cold fronts intruding the basin. However, the seasonal signal and mesoscale eddies also contribute to the creation of extremes. The five stations that have more than 20 years of data show significant trends in the extremes suggesting that flooding events are expected to become more frequent in the future. The observed trends in extremes are caused by mean sea level rise. There is no evidence of secular changes in the storm activity. Sea level return periods have also been estimated. In the south Colombian Basin, where large hurricane‐induced surges are rare, stable estimates can be obtained with 30 years of data or more. For the north of the basin, where large hurricane‐induced surges are more frequent, at least 40 years of data are required. This suggests that the present data set is not sufficiently long for robust estimates of return periods. ENSO variability correlates with the nontidal extremes, indicating a reduction of the storm activity during positive ENSO events. The period with the highest extremes is around October, when the various sea level contributors' maxima coincide.
Improved Description of the Flow Characteristics of Copper for the Finite Element Simulation of the Cold Joining Process for High Current Electrical Contacts
Authors: Aristizabal Ekine , Günter Friedhelm , Hopfeld Marcus , Schaaf Peter
Published: July 2014

Cold‐joined connectors (CJC) are widely used, owing to the simplicity of the assembly process, the low initial investment, and the possibility to join several contacts in parallel. Due to the fast‐growing number of high power applications in the automotive industry, increasing efforts are made in order to make these advantages of the cold joining technology (CJT) suitable for high currents. New finite element method (FEM) models are still developed for supporting the new design cycle. The preferred technology to produce the assembly parts for high current CJC is die‐cutting. Two punched edges will come in contact during the joining process to form a high power connector (HPC). Therefore, accurately describing the material properties at punched edges is crucial for a correct understanding and finite element (FE) modeling of the cold‐joining process (CJP). Die‐cutting causes a strong strain hardening in the contact zone and changes the material properties significantly. Thus, the material properties of the bulk material cannot be assumed at punched edges for the FE‐simulation. This paper presents a new method for an improved material description of punched edges. The hardening mechanisms caused by die‐cutting are studied by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and quantified with nanoindentation experiments. The hardness distributions at punched edges are correlated to flow curves, building a new inhomogeneous material law for the cold‐joining simulation. The new material description is validated by means of a small‐punch test on a real assembly part and shows a significant improvement of the component's material characterization.
Recent Advances in Transition Metal Complexes and Light‐Management Engineering in Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Choy Wallace C. H. , Chan Wai Kin , Yuan Yuping
Published: July 2014

Two of the recent major research topics in optoelectronic devices are discussed: the development of new organic materials (both molecular and polymeric) for the active layer of organic optoelectronic devices (particularly organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs)), and light management, including light extraction for OLEDs and light trapping for organic solar cells (OSCs). In the first section, recent developments of phosphorescent transition metal complexes for OLEDs in the past 3–4 years are reviewed. The discussion is focused on the development of metal complexes based on iridium, platinum, and a few other transition metals. In the second part, different light‐management strategies in the design of OLEDs with improved light extraction, and of OSCs with improved light trapping is discussed.
High‐Rate Oxygen Electroreduction over Graphitic‐N Species Exposed on 3D Hierarchically Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons
Authors: He Wenhui , Jiang Chunhuan , Wang Jiabo , Lu Lehui
Published: July 2014

Nitrogen‐doped species (NDs) are theoretically accepted as a determinant of the catalytic activity of metal‐free N‐doped carbon (NC) catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, direct relationships between ND type and ORR activity have been difficult to extract because the complexity of carbon matrix impairs efforts to expose specific NDs. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a 3D hierarchically porous NC catalyst with micro‐, meso‐, and macroporosity in one structure, in which sufficient exposure and availability of inner‐pore catalytic sites can be achieved due to its super‐high surface area (2191 cm2 g−1) and interconnected pore system. More importantly, in‐situ formation of graphitic‐N species (GNs) on the surface of NC stimulated by KOH activation enables us to experimentally reveal the catalytic nature of GNs for ORR, which is of great significance for the design and development of advanced metal‐free NC electrocatalysts.
π‐Extended DPCB for Activation‐Free Homogeneous Gold Catalysis
Authors: Ito Shigekazu , Nanko Masaki , Mikami Koichi
Published: July 2014

The catalytic properties of bis[chlorogold(I)] complexes that bear the 3,4‐bis(2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐3,4‐diphosphinidenecyclobutene (DPCB) ligand could be improved by suitable extension of the π‐conjugation. If the 1‐naphthyl substituent was employed in the 1,2‐positions in the kinetically stabilized DPCB skeleton, high catalytic activity of the DPCB‐bis(chlorogold) complex was induced in the intermolecular alkoxycyclization of 1,6‐enyne without activation by a Ag cocatalyst. DFT calculations of the 1,2‐diaryl‐substituted DPCB derivatives indicated that both suitable energetic reduction of the LUMO level and steric characteristics of the ligand structure are important for the high catalytic activity. The optimized 1‐naphthyl‐substituted DPCB‐chlorogold(I) complex was further employed for catalytic intramolecular cyclizations to afford heterocyclic structures by the activation of terminal acetylene and allene moieties and the hydration of terminal acetylene under the mild conditions.
Operando X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of Sintering for Supported Copper Catalysts during Liquid‐phase Reaction
Authors: O'Neill Brandon J. , Miller Jeffrey T. , Dietrich Paul J. , Sollberger Fred G. , Ribeiro Fabio H. , Dumesic James A.
Published: July 2014

Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is used to measure simultaneous changes in catalyst structure and changes in catalytic activity versus time during the liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural over supported copper catalysts. This approach allows the size of the copper nanoparticles to be monitored continuously versus time‐on‐stream, such that these changes in dispersion can be accounted for in the calculation of turnover frequency. It is shown that sintering of the copper nanoparticles is the predominant mode of catalyst deactivation for a Cu/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst throughout its time‐on‐stream, leading to irreversible loss of catalytic activity. In contrast, this mode of deactivation is eliminated by atomic layer deposition of an alumina overcoat; however, deposition of carbonaceous deposits in the small pores of the overcoat leads to deactivation that is reversible upon calcination of the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: All‐Nitrogen Analogue of Ozone: Li3N3 Species.
Authors: Olson Jared K. , Ivanov Alexander S. , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: July 2014

DFT‐based (CCSD(T), B3LYP) ab initio electronic structure calculations predict a novel viable polynitrogen molecule Li3N3 containing a N33‐ molecular motif, that possesses structural and chemical bonding features similar to that of O3 and can thus be considered as an “all‐nitrogen ozone”.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconducting Clathrates Meet Gas Hydrates: Xe24[Sn136].
Authors: Karttunen Antti J. , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: July 2014

High‐level quantum chemical studies using periodic local‐MP2 and dispersion‐corrected density functional methods (DFT‐B3LYP‐D3) are performed to properly describe the dispersive host—guest interactions in noble gas filled Group 14 clathrates of type Ngx[M136] (Ng: Ar, Kr, Xe and M: Si, Ge, Sn).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and High‐Temperature Phase Transition of the Novel Plumbide Na2MgPb.
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Ikeda Takuji , Stoffel Ralf P. , Deringer Volker L. , Dronskowski Richard , Yamane Hisanori
Published: July 2014

Na2MgPb is obtained from a stoichiometric melt of the elements (BN crucible in stainless steel tube, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: [B30]‐: A Quasiplanar Chiral Boron Cluster.
Authors: Li Wei‐Li , Zhao Ya‐Fan , Hu Han‐Shi , Li Jun , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: July 2014

The [B30]‐ cluster is produced by a laser vaporization cluster source and characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations.The most stable structure is found to be quasiplanar with a hexagonal hole.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Li2S—P2S5 Solid Electrolyte from N‐Methylformamide Solution.
Authors: Teragawa Shingo , Aso Keigo , Tadanaga Kiyoharu , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro
Published: July 2014

The title solid electrolyte is prepared by drying N‐methylformamide solutions of 80Li2S·20P2S5 powders (obtained by mechanical milling) at 150 °C for 3 h under vacuum.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Li+ Insertion Capabilities of Na4‐xCo3 (PO4)2P2O7 and Its Application to Novel Hybrid‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Nose Masafumi , Nobuhara Kunihiro , Shiotani Shinya , Nakayama Hideki , Nakanishi Shinji , Iba Hideki
Published: July 2014

Electrochemical oxidation of Na4Co3 (PO4)2P2O7 yields Na‐deficient Na4‐xCo3 (PO4)2P2O7 with both Li+ and Na+ insertion capabilities as a hybrid‐ion electrode material.
ChemInform Abstract: Doubling the Capacity of Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel by a Flexible Skinny Graphitic Layer.
Authors: Noh Hyun Kuk , Park Han‐Saem , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Sang Uck , Song Hyun‐Kon
Published: July 2014

The capacity of nanoparticular LiMn2O4 (LMO) spinel can be improved up to 220 mAh/g at a cutoff voltage of 2.5 V by coating with a few layers of graphitic basal planes.
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Sulfide Ba6Zn6ZrS14: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Band Structure, and Multiband Physical Properties.
Authors: Zhang Xian , He Jianqiao , Chen Wei , Zhang Ketian , Zheng Chong , Sun Junliang , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua , Huang Fuqiang
Published: July 2014

Pale yellow single crystals of the novel title compound are obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements in a KI flux (silica tube, 1173 K, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Molecular Structures of Monomeric and Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Dawson‐Type Trialuminum‐Substituted Polyoxotungstates Derived under Acidic and Basic Conditions.
Authors: Kato Chika Nozaki , Kashiwagi Toshifumi , Unno Wataru , Nakagawa Miyuki , Uno Hidemitsu
Published: July 2014

The monomeric α‐Dawson‐type [B‐α‐H3P2W15O59{Al (OH2)}3]6‐ polyoxoanion of (IV) having an overall C3v symmetry is obtained under acidic conditions while a H‐bonded dimeric [B‐α‐H3P2W15O59{Al (OH)}2{Al(OH2)}]216‐ anion with an overall S3 symmetry is obtained under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel All‐inorganic Mononuclear Chloro Oxo Diperoxotungstate.
Authors: Ishimoto Ryo , Kamata Keigo , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: July 2014

(Pr4N)[WOCl(O2)2(H2O)] is synthesized by addition of (Pr4N)Cl to an aqueous solution of H2WO4, H2O2, and HCl (273 K, 10 min, 73% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: “Nok”: A Phytosterol‐Based Amphiphile Enabling Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Couplings in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Klumphu Piyatida , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of the title third‐generation amphiphile/surfactant (NOK) is described (soon be commercially available from Aldrich), along with the successful application as an efficient surfactant in several aqueous cross coupling reactions (metathesis, Suzuki‐Miyaura, Sonogashira, Heck, Stille, Miyaura borylation, amination).
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Nanoparticle and Silicon‐Nanowire‐Array Hybrid: A Platform for Catalytic Heterogeneous Reactions.
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Yuyama Yoshinari , Sato Takuma , Fujikawa Shigenori , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: July 2014

The title catalyst is applied to hydrogenation of an alkene (I), hydrogenolysis of nitrobenzene (III), hydrosilylation of an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde (V), C—H bond functionalization reactions of heteroaromatic compounds [(XI) and (VIII)], and Mizoroki‐Heck reaction (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Reductive Cleavage of C—N and S—N Bonds by Photoactivated Electron Transfer from a Neutral Organic Donor.
Authors: O'Sullivan Steven , Doni Eswararao , Tuttle Tell , Murphy John A.
Published: July 2014

A recently reported neutral donor is used as efficient reagent for metal‐free reductive cleavage of different types of amino‐substrates under photolytic radical conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Aerobic Oxidation of Secondary Amines and Nitrogen Heterocycles with a Bifunctional Quinone Catalyst.
Authors: Wendlandt Alison E. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: July 2014

Efficient aerobic dehydrogenation of secondary amine substrates, including pharmaceutically relevant nitrogen heterocycles [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient C—H Hydroxylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Oxygen under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Liang Yu‐Feng , Jiao Ning
Published: July 2014

Cesium carbonate initiates a direct α‐hydroxylation of different α,α‐disubstituted carbonyl compounds using P(OEt)3 as reducing agent for the peroxide intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridyl‐dihydrobenzooxaphosphole Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Alkenes.
Authors: Qu Bo , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

The new designed air‐stable ligand class can efficiently be employed in the iridium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized alkenes with good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous‐Flow Oxidative Cyanation of Primary and Secondary Amines Using Singlet Oxygen.
Authors: Ushakov Dmitry B. , Gilmore Kerry , Kopetzki Daniel , McQuade D. Tyler , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: July 2014

A continuous‐flow process for the oxidative cyanation of secondary amines to yield α‐cyano products (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [N,P] Ligands Based on Pyrrole. Application to the Total Synthesis of Arnottin I.
Authors: Suarez‐Meneses Jesus V. , Bonilla‐Reyes Edgar , Ble‐Gonzalez Ever A. , Ortega‐Alfaro M. Carmen , Toscano Ruben Alfredo , Cordero‐Vargas Alejandro , Lopez‐Cortes Jose G.
Published: July 2014

A Pd(II)‐complex derived from a novel pyrrole‐based [N,P] ligand proves to be a very efficient catalyst in Heck cross‐coupling reactions and intramolecular aryl‐aryl coupling reactions of esters and amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Pendent Alkyl Chains on Heck and Sonogashira C—C Coupling Catalyzed with Palladium(II) Complexes of Selenated Schiff Bases Having Liquid Crystalline Properties.
Authors: Rao Gyandshwar Kumar , Kumar Arun , Singh Mahabir Pratap , Kumar Ajay , Biradar Ashok Manikrao , Singh Ajai K.
Published: July 2014

In this paper the influence of pendent alkyl chains on framework of ligands on Heck and Sonogashira coupling reaction is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Friedel—Crafts Benzylation of Heteroaromatic and Aromatic Compounds via an SN1 Pathway.
Authors: Watanabe Naruhisa , Matsugi Aoi , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: July 2014

A novel method using a thiourea catalyst for the benzylation of arenes and hetarenes with benzhydryl and trityl halides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Amidation Reactions from the Direct Coupling of Metal Carboxylate Salts with Amines.
Authors: Goodreid Jordan D. , Duspara Petar A. , Bosch Caroline , Batey Robert A.
Published: July 2014

The first general amidation of alkali carboxylates with amines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐Functionalization of 1,3‐Dienes Through 1,4‐Conjugate Addition of Amphiphilic Bis‐π‐Allyl and Related Palladium Intermediates.
Authors: Baiju T. V. , Vijayan Ajesh , Joseph Nayana , Preethalayam Preethanuj , Radhakrishnan K. V. , Suresh E. , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: July 2014

Bis‐allylation of functionalized 1,3‐dienes is achieved via Pd‐catalyzed coupling with allyl stannane and allyl chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of Allyl Fluorides by Enantioselective Allylic Trifluoromethylation Based on Silicon‐Assisted C—F Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Nishimine Takayuki , Fukushi Kazunobu , Shibata Naoyuki , Taira Hiromi , Tokunaga Etsuko , Yamano Akihito , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: July 2014

The kinetic resolution of Morita—Baylis—Hillman‐type allyl fluorides (I) is achieved by allylic trifluoromethylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Gephyrotoxin by Amide‐Selective Reductive Nucleophilic Addition.
Authors: Shirokane Kenji , Wada Takamasa , Yoritate Makoto , Minamikawa Ryo , Takayama Nobuaki , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka
Published: July 2014

Efficient reaction conditions are established to couple N‐substituted Weinreb amides with a variety of carbon nucleophiles using Schwartz′s reagent in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives in Heterogeneous Systems Containing Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Vasil'ev Andrei A. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: July 2014

The ionic liquids can be used as both solvent or phase—transfer catalyst in Tsuji—Trost reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Alkynes with Aryl Iodides and Vinyl Halides.
Authors: Tsai Wan‐Ting , Lin Yun‐Yung , Chen Yi‐An , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: July 2014

It is demonstrated that Cu2O is an efficient catalyst for cross‐coupling reactions of terminal alkynes with aryl iodides and vinyl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,4‐Dienes by Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Haloallylation of Alkynes with Allylic Alcohols in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Yang Shaorong , Wu Wanqing , Qi Chaorong , Deng Zhongxian , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: July 2014

Ionic liquids play an important role in the reaction to provide an excess of halide ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Trifluoromethylation Reactions of Alkynes Through Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Iqbal Naeem , Jung Jaehun , Park Sehyun , Cho Eun Jin
Published: July 2014

Three different CF3‐substituted compounds ‐ trifluoromethylated alkenyl iodides, alkenes, and alkynes ‐ can be selectively generated from terminal alkynes and CF3I by appropriate choice of catalyst, base, and solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Aromatic Amines into Nitroarenes with m‐CPBA.
Authors: Liu Jia , Li Jue , Ren Jiangmeng , Zeng Bu‐Bing
Published: July 2014

Various substituted aromatic amines are oxidized by MCPBA in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective 1,3‐Insertions of Rhodium(II) Azavinyl Carbenes.
Authors: Chuprakov Stepan , Worrell Brady T. , Selander Nicklas , Sit Rakesh K. , Fokin Valery V.
Published: July 2014

Rhodium(II) azavinyl carbenes generated from sulfonyltriazoles, undergo a facile, mild, and convergent formal 1,3‐insertion into N—H and O—H bonds of primary and secondary amides, various alcohols, and carboxylic acids to afford a wide range of vicinally bisfunctionalized (Z)‐olefins with perfect regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Opening of Epoxides with Aryl Halides: Co‐Catalysis Controls Regioselectivity.
Authors: Zhao Yang , Weix Daniel J.
Published: July 2014

Ring opening of epoxides is achieved by bipyridine‐ligated nickel‐mediated addition of functionalized aryl and vinyl halides or triflate (VIII) under reducing conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetramethylbenzaldehydes from Readily Available Phenols.
Authors: Dhankher Persis , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: July 2014

A convenient three‐step sequence allows the conversion of methyl substituted phenols into tri‐ and tetramethylbenzaldehydes using a formylation reaction with dichloromethyl methyl ether and a subsequent Suzuki cross‐coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Ketone Methylation Using Methanol under Mild Conditions: Formation of α‐Branched Products.
Authors: Chan Louis K. M. , Poole Darren L. , Shen Di , Healy Mark P. , Donohoe Timothy J.
Published: July 2014

Doubly alkylated ketones can be prepared from methyl ketones and two different alcohols by using a sequential one‐pot iridium‐ and rhodium‐catalyzed process [reaction of (VI)].
ChemInform Abstract: Bulky, Spherical, and Fluorinated Anion BArF Induces ′On‐Water′ Activity of Silver Salt for the Hydration of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Saha Sayantani , Sarbajna Abir , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: July 2014

The conversion of 1,7‐octadiyne is high, but gives only a minor amount of 2,7‐octadione and mainly two different cyclized products.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Reaction of Ketenimine and in situ Generated Immonium Ion: Access to α,β‐Unsaturated Amidines.
Authors: Yao Bangben , Shen Chuang , Liang Zunjun , Zhang Yuhong
Published: July 2014

The presented three component reaction provides a mild and efficient access to a wide variety of unsaturated amidines of which some might be useful for pharmacological application.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiroketal‐Based Diphosphine Ligands in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts: Exceptionally High Efficiency and New Mechanism.
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Guo Peihua , Han Zhaobin , Wang Xubin , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling
Published: July 2014

Exceptionally high activity (with a TON up to 4750) of the palladium complexes of the SKP ligand is discovered for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Grubbs′ Cross‐Metathesis Pathway for a Scalable Synthesis of γ‐Keto‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Nair Reji N. , Bannister Thomas D.
Published: July 2014

The reaction can be scaled up to 25 g.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Mediated Decarboxylation/Oxidative Amidation of α‐Keto Acids with Amines under Mild Reaction Conditions Using O2.
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Qiang , Yi Hong , Qin Chu , Bai Ruopeng , Qi Xiaotian , Lan Yu , Lei Aiwen
Published: July 2014

The first examples of a visible‐light‐mediated decarboxylation/oxidative amidation of α‐keto acid with aliphatic and aromatic primary amines are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) Complex of an Organotellurium Ligand as a Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling: Generation and Role of Nano‐Sized Pd3Te2.
Authors: Rao Gyandshwar Kumar , Kumar Arun , Singh Mahabir Pratap , Singh Ajai K.
Published: July 2014

The synthesis and properties of the precatalyst PDT are described, which acts via dispension of Pd3Te2 nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Pd(II) Non‐Symmetrical Pincer Complexes Derived from Thioether Functionalized Iminophosphoranes. Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings.
Authors: Ramirez‐Rave Sandra , Estudiante‐Negrete Fabiola , Toscano Ruben A. , Hernandez‐Ortega Simon , Morales‐Morales David , Grevy Jean‐Michel
Published: July 2014

The syntheses of PIN as well as an S‐Ph‐analogue are described and their structures are confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylcalcium Halides as Substrates in Kumada‐Type Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Langer Jens , Koehler Mathias , Goerls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: July 2014

Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of arylcalcium iodides with aryl chlorides provide biphenyls in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki Coupling of Iodo and Bromoarenes Catalyzed by Chitosan‐Supported Pd‐Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Cotugno Pietro , Casiello Michele , Nacci Angelo , Mastrorilli Piero , Dell'Anna Maria Michela , Monopoli Antonio
Published: July 2014

Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitosan are used in the Suzuki cross coupling of bromo and iodoarenes carried out in ionic liquids.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable Imidazole‐Imine Palladium Complexes for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling: Toward an Efficient, Green Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds.
Authors: Ratniyom Jadsada , Chaiprasert Thanawat , Pramjit Songyos , Yotphan Sirilata , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch , Srisuratsiri Pailin , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Kiatisevi Supavadee
Published: July 2014

An efficient, air‐stable protocol for the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Functionalization of C—H Bonds via a Six‐Membered Cyclometallate: Monoarylation of Aryl 2‐Pyridyl Ketones.
Authors: Li Bin , Darcel Christophe , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: July 2014

In most reactions small amounts of bisarylated byproducts are found which are readily removed by column chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for the Synthesis of α,α′‐Bis(arylmethylidene) Cycloalkanones Catalyzed by Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide.
Authors: Zhao Cong‐Ying , Liu Ju‐Yan , Wang Ying , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Yuan Bin , Yue Min‐Min
Published: July 2014

The title compounds (III) are simply obtained by crossed aldol condensation between aromatic aldehydes and ketones (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Complex and Diverse Compounds Through Ring Distortion of Abietic Acid.
Authors: Rafferty Ryan J. , Hicklin Robert W. , Maloof Katherine A. , Hergenrother Paul J.
Published: July 2014

A strategy to use natural products as a starting point for the syntheses of complex molecules is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tandem Reaction of Benzyne with Functionalized Benzylidenephthalan to Afford Phenanthro[10,1‐bc]furan.
Authors: Siyang Hai Xiao , Wu Xu Rui , Liu Hui Ling , Wu Xin Yan , Liu Pei Nian
Published: July 2014

The title reaction provides highly concise and effective routes to related complex compounds including natural product derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative Lactonization of Diols in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by a Water‐Soluble Iridium Complex Bearing a Functional Bipyridine Ligand.
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Ito Wataru , Yamaguchi Ryohei
Published: July 2014

The novel protocol allows the conversion of various benzylic and aliphatic diols into the corresponding lactones in aqueous media in the presence of a water soluble and reusable iridium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Benzofurans by the Tandem One‐Pot Intramolecular Carbolithiation—Cyclization—Substitution Sequence.
Authors: Rodriguez Cristian , Nudelman Norma Sbarbati
Published: July 2014

A variety of 3‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans are conveniently obtained by tandem intramolecular carbolithiation‐cyclization of 2‐bromophenyl‐3‐phenylprop‐2‐enyl ether, followed by in situ trapping of the lithiated intermediate by suitable electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Intramolecular Aminotrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Diverse Nitrogen‐Based Nucleophiles.
Authors: Lin Jin‐Shun , Xiong Ya‐Ping , Ma Can‐Liang , Zhao Li‐Jiao , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: July 2014

The reaction is catalyzed by CuI and requires 25‐50 mol% of the catalyst for the N‐protected compounds and only 5‐10 mol% of CuI for the unprotected derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Imidazolinium Salts by the Pd‐Catalyzed Reduction of Thioureas with Triethylsilane and Trialkylsilyl Triflate.
Authors: Matsumura Takehiko , Nakada Masahisa
Published: July 2014

The obtained imidazolium salts are precursors for NHCs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Conversion of Carbon Dioxide, Ethylene Oxide, and Amines to 3‐Aryl‐2‐oxazolidinones Catalyzed with Binary Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Wang Binshen , Elageed Elnazeer H. M. , Zhang Dawei , Yang Sijuan , Wu Shi , Zhang Guirong , Gao Guohua
Published: July 2014

All yields determined by GC‐analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Spirooxindole and 4H‐Pyran Derivatives
Authors: Ponpandian Thanasekaran , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: July 2014

via sequential Knoevenagel—Michael‐cyclization reactions of isatin or aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,3‐Dioxanes via Prins Reaction in Broensted‐Acidic Imidazolium Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Jeong Yeon T.
Published: July 2014

A wide range of 1,3‐dioxanes are obtained in a simple, convenient, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly synthesis via reaction of a variety of aliphatic aldehydes with olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Benzo[6,7][1,4]oxazepino[4,5‐a]quinazolinone Derivatives via Transition‐Metal‐Free Intramolecular Hydroamination.
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Foroughi Niloufar , Saeedi Mina , Karimi Maryam , Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh
Published: July 2014

Efficient reaction conditions for the intramolecular hydroamination of dihydroquinazolinone derivatives to afford the title compounds (II) and (IV) in good yields are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of Phosphonic γ‐(Hydroxyalkyl)butenolides with Contiguous Quaternary and Tertiary Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Frings Marcus , Thome Isabelle , Schiffers Ingo , Pan Fangfang , Bolm Carsten
Published: July 2014

A highly regio‐ and stereoselective vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction of α‐keto phosphonates and heterocyclic dienol silanes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Homoenolate Additions to Acyl Phosphonates Through Rational Design of a Tailored N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst.
Authors: Jang Ki Po , Hutson Gerri E. , Johnston Ryne C. , McCusker Elizabeth O. , Cheong Paul H.‐Y. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: July 2014

A highly selective NHC‐catalyzed synthesis of γ‐butyrolactones from the fusion of enals and α‐ketophosphonates is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Formal, One‐Pot β‐Chlorination of Primary Alcohols and Its Utilization in the Transformation of Terpene Feedstock and the Synthesis of a C2‐Symmetrical Terminal Bis‐Epoxide.
Authors: Swatschek Joerg , Grothues Lydia , Bauer Jonathan O. , Strohmann Carsten , Christmann Mathias
Published: July 2014

The presented stereoselective reaction sequence includes a copper mediated oxidation and an organocatalyzed α‐chlorination of terminal terpene alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Bioactivity of a Trisnorditerpenoid and a Diterpenoid from an Okinawan Soft Coral, Cespitularia sp.
Authors: Roy Prodip K. , Roy Michael C. , Taira Junsei , Ueda Katsuhiro
Published: July 2014

Compounds (I) and (II) are evaluated for anti‐tumor and anti‐inflammatory activity.They show cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells (IC50 6.04 and 47 μM, respectively) and a dose dependent antiinflammatory effect in LPS/IFN‐γ‐stimulated inflammatory RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of NO Production by Grindelia argentina and Isolation of Three New Cytotoxic Saponins.
Authors: Alza Natalia P. , Pferschy‐Wenzig Eva‐Maria , Ortmann Sabine , Kretschmer Nadine , Kunert Olaf , Rechberger Gerald N. , Bauer Rudolf , Murray Ana P.
Published: July 2014

Three new oleane‐type saponins (I) named grindeliosides A‐C, are isolated from the ethanolic extracts of Grindelia argentina and evaluated for their inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of 4‐((3S,5R)‐3,5‐Dihydroxynonadecyl)phenol.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy P. Adi Narayana , Kumar A. Suman , Prasad A. R. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Al Ghamdi Ahmad Alkhazim
Published: July 2014

The stereoselective total synthesis of (I) is achieved via two alternative strategies involving either a Prins cyclization as the key step (28% overall yield) or a 1,3‐syn reduction of a β‐hydroxy ketone (30% overall yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Boronolide, (+)‐Anamarine, 8‐epi‐Spicegerolide.
Authors: Subba Reddy B. V. , Veerabhadra Reddy V. , Praneeth K.
Published: July 2014

The synthesis starts from D‐xylose and comprises a highly diastereoselective Brown′s allylation and a ring closing metathesis reaction to build up the lactone moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Pectenotoxin‐2.
Authors: Fujiwara Kenshu , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

A cytotoxicity assay against HepG2 and Caco2 cancer cells is reported and the compound (I) shows potent activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Composite Structures for Energy and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Lee Won Jun , Maiti Uday Narayan , Lee Ju Min , Lim Joonwon , Han Tae Hee , Kim Sang Ouk
Published: July 2014

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applying Quantitative Microstructure Control in Advanced Functional Composites
Authors: Heinz Nicholas A. , Ikeda Teruyuki , Pei Yanzhong , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: July 2014

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Molybdenum Adsorption in Soils/Bed Sediments: Speciation, Mechanism, and Model Applications
Authors: Xu Nan , Braida Washington , Christodoulatos Christos , Chen Jianping
Published: July 2014

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Ceramic Multiferroic Composites Based on Core/Shell and Other Heterostructures Obtained by Sol—Gel Routes
Authors: Schileo Giorgio
Published: July 2014

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Discoveries of Polyhalogen Anions — From Bromine to Fluorine
Authors: Haller Heike , Riedel Sebastian
Published: July 2014

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Discrete Metal‐Organic Complexes: Recent Advances
Authors: Bilbeisi Rana A. , Olsen John‐Carl , Charbonniere Loic J. , Trabolsi Ali
Published: July 2014

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction (VMAR) in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Kalesse Markus , Cordes Martin , Symkenberg Gerrit , Lu Hai‐Hua
Published: July 2014

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sp3‐sp3 Coupling Reactions in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Biologically Active Molecules
Authors: Geist Egor , Kirschning Andreas , Schmidt Thomas
Published: July 2014

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Introduction of OH Group to Sp2‐Carbon on Platinum‐Loaded Titanium Oxide Photocatalyst
Authors: Yuzawa Hayato , Yoshida Hisao
Published: July 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation by Visible‐Light‐Driven Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka
Published: July 2014

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexaphenylethanes with an Ultralong C—C Bond: Expandability of the C—C Bond in Highly Strained Tetraarylpyracenes
Authors: Takeda Takashi , Uchimura Yasuto , Kawai Hidetoshi , Katoono Ryo , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori
Published: July 2014

Review: [29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Eosin Y in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Hari Durga Prasad , Koenig Burkhard
Published: July 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Move in the Right Direction
Authors: Moulin Emilie , Giuseppone Nicolas
Published: July 2014

Review: report on a synthetic strategy that allows the separation of enantiomerically ure planar chiral rotaxanes; 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloids of the South African Amaryllidaceae: A Review
Authors: Nair Jerald J. , Bastida Jaume , Codina Carles , Viladomat Francesc , van Staden Johannes
Published: July 2014

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Solid‐State 67Zn NMR Studies. From Nanoparticles to Biological Systems
Authors: Huang Yining , Sutrisno Andre
Published: July 2014

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Miniaturization of NMR Systems: Desktop Spectrometers, Microcoil Spectroscopy, and “NMR on a Chip” for Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Industry
Authors: Zalesskiy Sergey S. , Danieli Ernesto , Blumich Bernhard , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: July 2014

Review: 433 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Molecular Design of Potential Anticancer Agents via Targeting of Human Telomeric DNA
Authors: Maji Basudeb , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: July 2014

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Supercapacitors from Conducting Polyaniline—Graphene Platforms
Authors: Ashok Kumar Nanjundan , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: July 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoantimony and Organobismuth Complexes for CO2 Fixation
Authors: Chen Yi , Qiu Renhua , Xu Xinhua , Au Chak‐Tong , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: July 2014

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macromolecular Engineering by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Tsarevsky Nicolay V.
Published: July 2014

Review: [182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Solids — From Nano‐Glasses to Quantum Transistors
Authors: Gleiter H. , Schimmel Th. , Hahn H.
Published: July 2014

Review: 212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Thiophosphate Glasses and Glass‐Ceramics as Solid Electrolytes: Processing, Microstructure, and Properties
Authors: Berbano Seth S. , Mirsaneh Mehdi , Lanagan Michael T. , Randall Clive A.
Published: July 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potato Management Challenges Created by Phosphorus Chemistry and Plant Roots
Authors: Fixen Paul E. , Bruulsema Tom W.
Published: July 2014

Review: 47 refs.
Macromolecule Loading into Spherical, Elliptical, Star‐Like and Cubic Calcium Carbonate Carriers
Authors: Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. , Yashchenok Alexey M. , Donatan Senem , Volodkin Dmitry V. , Tessarolo Francesco , Antolini Renzo , Möhwald Helmuth , Skirtach Andre G.
Published: July 2014

We fabricated calcium carbonate particles with spherical, elliptical, star‐like and cubical morphologies by varying relative salt concentrations and adding ethylene glycol as a solvent to slow down the rate of particle formation. The loading capacity of particles of different isotropic (spherical and cubical) and anisotropic (elliptical and star‐like) geometries is investigated, and the surface area of such carriers is analysed. Potential applications of such drug delivery carriers are highlighted.
An Innovative Approach for Highly Selective Direct Conversion of CO2 into Propanol using C2H4 and H2
Authors: Ahlers Stefan J. , Bentrup Ursula , Linke David , Kondratenko Evgenii V.
Published: July 2014

Multifunctional catalysts are developed for converting CO2 with C2H4 and H2 into propanol. Au nanoparticles (NP) supported on TiO2 are found to facilitate this reaction. The activity and selectivity strongly depend on NP size, which can be tuned by the method of Au deposition and by promoting with K. The promoter improves the selectivity to propanol. Under optimized reaction conditions (2 MPa, 473 K, and CO2/H2/C2H4=1:1:1), CO2 is continuously converted into propanol with a near‐to‐100 % selectivity. Catalytic tests as well as mechanistic studies by in situ FTIR and temporal analysis of products with isotopic tracers allow the overall reaction scheme to be determined. Propanol is formed through a sequence of reactions starting with reverse water–gas shift to reduce CO2 to CO, which is further consumed in the hydroformylation of ethylene to propanal. The latter is finally hydrogenated to propanol, while propanol hydrogenation to propane is suppressed.
Auditory Temporal Processing Skills in Musicians with Dyslexia
Authors: Bishop‐Liebler Paula , Welch Graham , Huss Martina , Thomson Jennifer M. , Goswami Usha
Published: July 2014

The core cognitive difficulty in developmental dyslexia involves phonological processing, but adults and children with dyslexia also have sensory impairments. Impairments in basic auditory processing show particular links with phonological impairments, and recent studies with dyslexic children across languages reveal a relationship between auditory temporal processing and sensitivity to rhythmic timing and speech rhythm. As rhythm is explicit in music, musical training might have a beneficial effect on the auditory perception of acoustic cues to rhythm in dyslexia. Here we took advantage of the presence of musicians with and without dyslexia in musical conservatoires, comparing their auditory temporal processing abilities with those of dyslexic non‐musicians matched for cognitive ability. Musicians with dyslexia showed equivalent auditory sensitivity to musicians without dyslexia and also showed equivalent rhythm perception. The data support the view that extensive rhythmic experience initiated during childhood (here in the form of music training) can affect basic auditory processing skills which are found to be deficient in individuals with dyslexia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD8+MAIT cells infiltrate into the CNS and alterations in their blood frequencies correlate with IL‐18 serum levels in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Willing Anne , Leach Oliver A. , Ufer Friederike , Attfield Kathrine E. , Steinbach Karin , Kursawe Nina , Piedavent Melanie , Friese Manuel A.
Published: July 2014

Recent findings indicate a pathogenic involvement of IL‐17‐producing CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). IL‐17 production has been attributed to a subset of CD8+ T cells that belong to the mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cell population. Here, we report a reduction of CD8+ MAIT cells in the blood of MS patients compared with healthy individuals, which significantly correlated with IL‐18 serum levels in MS patients. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and MS patients with IL‐18 specifically activated CD8+ MAIT cells. Moreover, IL‐18 together with T‐cell receptor stimulation induced, specifically on CD8+ MAIT cells, an upregulation of the integrin very late antigen‐4 that is essential for the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the CNS. Notably, we were able to identify CD8+ MAIT cells in MS brain lesions by immunohistochemistry while they were almost absent in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In summary, our findings indicate that an IL‐18–driven activation of CD8+ MAIT cells contributes to their CNS infiltration in MS, in turn leading to reduced CD8+ MAIT‐cell frequencies in the blood. Therefore, CD8+ MAIT cells seem to play a role in the innate arm of immunopathology in MS.