bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Anomalies in American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus, Cuvier, 1807) Embryos from a Farm Breeder in Colombia
Authors: Serrano Oscar Sierra , Garcês Andreia , Pires Isabel , Calderón Mateus John Alexander , Olivera Juan Medina , Dávila Jhesteiner Julio
Published: July 2024

The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus, Cuvier, 1807) (Class Reptilia, Family Crocodylidae) is a crocodile species inhabiting the Neotropics. Congenital defects have been described in almost every vertebrate group. In crocodiles, teratology alterations have been described in captive animals (pets, zoos, farms) such as Crocodylus niloticus or Gavialis gangeticus. The present study aimed to characterize congenital malformations of C. acutus from a farm in Lomas de Matunilla, Ballestas, Bolívar, Colombia. A total of 550 unhatched eggs were examined after embryo death. A total of 61 embryos presented malformations, with 42 different types of anomalies observed. Limb and tail malformations (29%) were the most common malformations observed. Several malformations, such as cephalothoracopagus, thoracopagus, sternopagus, xiphopagus twins, campylorrachis scoliosa, and acrania, were documented in crocodiles for the first time. Research in teratology enhances our understanding of crocodile biology. It plays a role in their conservation and management, thus helping to ensure the long-term viability of these species in their natural habitats.
Scalable and Interpretable Forecasting of Hydrological Time Series Based on Variational Gaussian Processes
Authors: Pastrana-Cortés Julián David , Gil-Gonzalez Julian , Álvarez-Meza Andrés Marino , Cárdenas-Peña David Augusto , Orozco-Gutiérrez Álvaro Angel
Published: July 2024

Accurate streamflow forecasting is crucial for effectively managing water resources, particularly in countries like Colombia, where hydroelectric power generation significantly contributes to the national energy grid. Although highly interpretable, traditional deterministic, physically-driven models often suffer from complexity and require extensive parameterization. Data-driven models like Linear Autoregressive (LAR) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks offer simplicity and performance but cannot quantify uncertainty. This work introduces Sparse Variational Gaussian Processes (SVGPs) for forecasting streamflow contributions. The proposed SVGP model reduces computational complexity compared to traditional Gaussian Processes, making it highly scalable for large datasets. The methodology employs optimal hyperparameters and shared inducing points to capture short-term and long-term relationships among reservoirs. Training, validation, and analysis of the proposed approach consider the streamflow dataset from 23 geographically dispersed reservoirs recorded during twelve years in Colombia. Performance assessment reveals that the proposal outperforms baseline Linear Autoregressive (LAR) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models in three key aspects: adaptability to changing dynamics, provision of informative confidence intervals through Bayesian inference, and enhanced forecasting accuracy. Therefore, the SVGP-based forecasting methodology offers a scalable and interpretable solution for multi-output streamflow forecasting, thereby contributing to more effective water resource management and hydroelectric planning.
The Water Hammer Characteristics of Long-Distance Water Pipelines under Different Water Supply Modes
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Wang Tao , Ran Yunlong , Zhang Xiaolei , Guo Xiaoyi , Liu Shuyu
Published: July 2024

The pressure characteristics of long-distance water pipelines during hydraulic transient processes are crucial for ensuring the safe, stable, and long-term operation of water transfer projects. This paper establishes a one-dimensional mathematical model based on sections of the Yinjiangjihuai long-distance water diversion project in China. The water supply requirements of the pipelines are categorized into two replenishment modes as follows: gravity supply and pump-pressurized water supply. The opening and closing strategies of the water pipelines under different flow conditions are simulated and analyzed to explore the hydraulic transient processes under various water supply modes. The transient variations of key hydraulic parameters during valve closure are clarified. Simulation results indicate that the water pipeline design is reasonable, meeting the water supply demands at relatively low Manning values and that it has the capability for long-term supply. Due to the excessive head provided by the pumps, pump-pressurized water supply and gravity supply modes cannot operate simultaneously. Under gravity supply mode, the minimum pressure in the downstream pipeline is relatively higher overall, while the maximum pressure in the upstream pipeline is relatively lower overall. In the pump-pressurized water supply mode, the safety and stability of the water supply can be ensured by adjusting the closing time of individual pumps and the interval time between adjacent pumps. The research findings provide technical guidance and scientific basis for the construction of national water networks and water transfer projects.
Experimental Investigation of Film Thickness in Wastewater Airlift Pumps by an Image Processing Method
Authors: Jiang Min , Wang Zhineng , Chen Bingzheng
Published: July 2024

The airlift pump is a key part of wastewater treatment and is employed as an innovative and feasible collection tool. However, as one of the key factors in the lifting capability of airlift pumps, film thickness in the gas–liquid two-phase flow operating in pumps is still an unknown topic because it is difficult to measure. This paper proposes a visualization method for measuring film thickness and investigates the film thickness when operating under gas flow with a high rate in airlift pumps using experiments. Firstly, a simulation experiment platform was built, and the images of the film structure were acquired by a high-speed camera. Then, image-processing technology and an image distortion correction were proposed to extract the gas–liquid interface for studying the thickness of the film. The experimental results demonstrated that a large film thickness ranging from 0.15 D to 0.24 D was found in airlift pumps and that its film thickness kept a constant value, even under a high gas superficial velocity, maintaining a large output liquid flow from airlift pumps. As wastewater was carried by wastewater treatment, a larger film thickness of the annular film will benefit the high lifting rate of wastewater. The works in this paper offer valuable insights for the higher performance of working airlift pumps and wastewater treatment efficiency.
Regression Machine Learning Models for the Short-Time Prediction of Genetic Algorithm Results in a Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Singgih Ivan Kristianto , Singgih Moses Laksono
Published: July 2024

Machine learning techniques have advanced rapidly, leading to better prediction accuracy within a short computational time. Such advancement encourages various novel applications, including in the field of operations research. This study introduces a novel way to utilize regression machine learning models to predict the objectives of vehicle routing problems that are solved using a genetic algorithm. Previous studies have generally discussed how (1) operations research methods are used independently to generate optimized solutions and (2) machine learning techniques are used independently to predict values from a given dataset. Some studies have discussed the collaborations between operations research and machine learning fields as follows: (1) using machine learning techniques to generate input data for operations research problems, (2) using operations research techniques to optimize the hyper-parameters of machine learning models, and (3) using machine learning to improve the quality of operations research algorithms. This study differs from the types of collaborative studies listed above. This study focuses on the prediction of the objective of the vehicle routing problem directly given the input and output data, without optimizing the problem using operations research algorithms. This study introduces a straightforward framework that captures the input data characteristics for the vehicle routing problem. The proposed framework is applied by generating the input and output data using the genetic algorithm and then using regression machine learning models to predict the obtained objective values. The numerical experiments show that the best models are random forest regression, a generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution, and ridge regression with cross-validation.
Situación del bienestar social en la región sureste de México. Un análisis de enfoque territorial
Authors: Torres Torres Felipe , Rojas Martínez Agustín
Published: July 2024

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la situación del bienestar social en el sureste de México durante el periodo 2000–2020. La región funcional considera los estados de Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco y Yucatán. La hipótesis es que la apertura comercial implementada por los gobiernos neoliberales, en el contexto de un desarrollo económico asimétrico, amplió las desigualdades territoriales y redujo los niveles de bienestar social en esta región. Para ello empleamos la metodología de Valor Índice Medio (VIM) con la que construimos un índice a escala municipal. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un alto porcentaje de los municipios que conforman a cada una de las entidades, presentan rezagos en sus condiciones de bienestar social que las ubica por debajo del promedio nacional. La originalidad radica en analizar las condiciones de bienestar social en la región con una metodología multivariada, sustentada en indicadores representativos a nivel territorial. La conclusión principal es que, para revertir esta situación de deterioro, se debe desplegar una política económica orientada a implementar proyectos de alto impacto en la región a través de inversiones públicas y privadas, que permitan el mejoramiento del ingreso y empleo entre la población, además de una política social redistributiva encaminada a revertir los altos niveles de pobreza y desigualdad.
Pobreza y especialización productiva. Un estudio de econometría espacial para los municipios de Oaxaca, México, 2020
Authors: Hernández Ballesteros Verónica Ivette , Almonte Leobardo de Jesús
Published: July 2024

A partir de información estadística de 2020 de los municipios de Oaxaca, México, se estima un modelo de econometría espacial para evaluar los factores que influyen en la pobreza municipal del estado e identificar si la especialización productiva de los municipios puede ser un factor que contribuya a la disminución de la pobreza, en sus dimensiones de total, moderada y extrema. Se identificó que la especialización en los subsectores 311, 332 y 722 pueden contribuir a reducir la pobreza de la entidad.
Evaluación de impacto a los programas Proagro y Bienestar sobre los ingresos en los hogares rurales en la región golfo-centro de México
Authors: Corte Cruz Pablo Sigfrido
Published: July 2024

El presente trabajo revisa el efecto en los ingresos de los hogares rurales a beneficiarios de los programas PROAGRO y Bienestar (Precios de Garantía, Sembrando Vida y Producción para el Bienestar) a través de la aplicación Kernel Matching, para calcular los impactos mostrados en los Efectos de Tratamiento Promedio tanto a nivel Nacional como en la región Golfo-Centro de México. El objetivo es realizar evaluaciones de impacto por programa sexenal en los ingresos a causa de la aplicación de dichas políticas públicas. Se utilizan los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto de los Hogares (ENIGH) de los años 2016 y 2022. Los resultados muestran que los impactos resultan ser estadísticamente significativos en ambos programas, aunque son más altos en los programas del Bienestar.
Chiapas en el laberinto: estancamiento secular y crisis estructural de su economía
Authors: Velasco Cruz José Luis
Published: July 2024

Una primera virtud de este libro es que integra, en sólo 232 páginas, información concisa, selecta y confiable sobre un fenómeno abigarrado y contradictorio, fácil de observar, incluso palpar, pero muy difícil de documentar con rigor: el subdesarrollo económico y social de Chiapas. Lo que es todavía más valioso, aparte de describir el problema, el libro explica cómo se originó y, sobre todo, cómo se mantiene ese “estancamiento secular”. Es un libro útil, por lo tanto, no sólo para quienes desean conocer algo sobre Chiapas sino también para especialistas en ese estado mexicano y, más ampliamente, para personas interesadas en el estudio del desarrollo y subdesarrollo socioeconómico.
Comparison of SAW, WP, and TOPSIS Methods in Determining the Best Journalists
Authors: Baldanullah N.I.S. , Adhania Febrianti , Fitriati Desti
Published: July 2024

Journalists are human resources that have a significant influence on journalistic companies. A system is needed to support the company's decision to select and measure its reporters. PT. Inipasti Communika is one of the journalistic companies that has never previously measured and assessed its journalists, so it has difficulty assessing and measuring its journalists. This study aims to provide a solution using the Decision Support System in decision-making using the SAW, WP, and TOPSIS methods and provide the final decision results based on comparing these methods. This study uses criteria and criteria values from these companies. The company's data related to its journalists is the privacy of PT. It is a Community, so the alternative value used is dummy data that is still by the original standards of the company's data. This study concludes that the three methods can provide the best alternatives with the same results.
Comparison of the Application of Linear Regression with Sliding Window Validation and K-Fold Cross-Validation for Forecasting Covid-19 Recovered Cases
Authors: Setiyorini Tyas , Frieyadie
Published: July 2024

The increase in confirmed cases and deaths due to Covid-10 continues to spread and increase day by day throughout the world. This has resulted in a world health crisis that impacts all sectors of life. The government declared a movement to suppress the spread of Covid-19, so it is necessary to understand the pattern of Covid-19 problems. Researchers contribute scientifically to finding patterns of death or recovery due to COVID-19 by applying Machine Learning methods. The Linear Regression and Sliding Window preprocessing methods are appropriate for forecasting time series data. This research obtained RMSE results at 0.320 with linear regression with sliding window validation and RMSE at 0.320 with linear regression with K-Fold cross-validation. This proves that Linear Regression with Sliding Window Validation can improve performance much better than k-fold cross-validation in forecasting COVID-19 recovery cases in China. The sliding window validation method has been proven to increase accuracy for forecasting with time series data compared to other standard preprocessing methods, namely K-Fold cross-validation. In the future, further research is needed to test different types of time series data by comparing the application of sliding window validation and K-Fold cross-validation or developing other validation models.
Sentiment Analysis of E-Grocery Application Reviews Using Lexicon-Based and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Aryanti Riska , Fitriani Eka , Royadi Royadi , Ardiansyah Dian , Saepudin Atang
Published: July 2024

This research aims to conduct sentiment analysis of e-grocery application reviews using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. Sentiment analysis is used to distinguish between positive and negative reviews by users who have provided reviews so that an evaluation of the services offered can be made. This research uses scraping techniques to obtain all the needed review data, focusing only on reviews of the Segari and Sayurbox applications. Datasets were collected from reviews using a library in Python, namely, google-play-scraper, obtained by the sayurbox application 4235 reviews and the segari application 5575. The dataset collected does not yet have a label, and the labeling process is impossible to perform manually by looking at the reviews one by one because it takes a long time and requires an expert in the field of language who can interpret the reviews and group them into positive and negative sentiments. Therefore, the sentiment-labeling process applies a lexicon-based method that works based on the inset lexicon dictionary by calculating each review's polarity value. The analysis process of this research uses the SVM algorithm because the SVM method has been proven to provide consistent and accurate results in various classification tasks, including sentiment analysis. The results show that the lexicon-based method and SVM produce good accuracy in determining the sentiment of e-grocery reviews, with a vegetable box application accuracy rate of 94%. In comparison, the segari application accuracy rate reached 97%.
Development of Ecology Achievement Test for Secondary School Students
Authors: Arslan Kevser , Ari Asli Görgülü
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable multiple-choice achievement test for the subject area of ecology. The study was conducted within the framework of exploratory sequential design based on mixed research methods, and the study group consisted of a total of 250 middle school students studying at the sixth and seventh grade level. In the process of preparing the question pool, the level and scope of the questions in the pool were shaped by taking into account the achievements of science, environmental education and climate change courses. A question pool consisting of questions obtained as a result of the literature review and prepared by the researcher was created. The pool of 41 questions was reduced to 29 questions in line with expert opinions. The 29-question multiple-choice test, whose language comprehensibility was examined and necessary arrangements were made, was made ready for implementation. The draft form of the achievement test, which was piloted, was applied to 250 students. Item difficulty indices and item discrimination indices of the test answers obtained from the students were calculated. After the item analysis, a total of 4 questions were removed from the test. As a result of the analyses, the average difficulty value of the test was calculated as 0.58 and the average discrimination value was calculated as 0.60. The KR-20 reliability coefficient of the developed test was 0.85 and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was 0.88. As a result of the research, a valid and reliable ecology achievement test was developed.
LEPROSY: UP-TO-DATE STATE
Authors: Ефанова Е. Н. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia, Васильева Е. А. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia,   Surgut Clinical Dermatovenereology Hospital, Surgut, Russia
Published: July 2024

The study presents an analysis of the challenges and up-to-date state of leprosy worldwide, a relevant classification, systematization, and description of a clinical picture of various leprosy manifestations, as well as methods for leprosy diagnosis and treatment. The study reviews publications obtained from the eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed databases and regulatory documents on the order of medical care for patients with dermatovenereological diseases and leprosy, as well as step-by-step tactics for a dermatovenereologist in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra in case of leprosy suspicion. The search depth was 10 years.
DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES OF ELBOW JOINT INJURY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Савицкая А. Н. ,   Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia, Ахадов Т. А. , Митиш В. А. , Мельников И. А. , Божко О. В. , Ублинский М. В. , Дмитренко Д. М. , Серова Н. Ю. ,   Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia,   National Medical Research Center of Surgery named after A. Vishnevsky, Moscow, Russia,   Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia,   Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia,   Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia,   Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia,   Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2024

The study examines the findings of applying various methods of radiation therapy in emergency outpatient and inpatient care of elbow injuries in 878 children aged 12 months to seventeen years (7.2 + 3.9) in 2022. According to radiography findings, bone fractures included a total of 63.58 % of the humerus, 14.2 % of the radius, and 12.3 % of the ulna. According to computed tomography, bone fractures comprised 39.65 % of the humerus, 36.68 % of the radius, and 23.73 % of the ulna. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed ligament and muscle damage in all cases. The evaluation of elbow injuries should always begin with conventional anteroposterior and lateral views and other additional methods if the diagnosis is in doubt. Computed tomography is advised for obtaining a detailed image of comminuted and intraarticular fractures and when planning surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate soft tissue injuries, detect extra- and intraarticular loose osteocartilaginous bodies, as well as in cases of suspected hidden fractures.
PROSPECTS OF MRI IN A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOMES OF HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC BRAIN DAMAGE IN NEWBORNS
Authors: Бугрова Д. Д. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia, Ивлюкова Т. В. , Мельников А. А. , Гаус А. А. , Климова Н. В. ,   Surgut District Clinical Center of Maternity and Childhood Health Care, Surgut, Russia,   3Russian Research Center of Surgery named after Academician B. V. Petrovsky, Moscow, Russia,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia,   Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital, Surgut, Russia,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia,   Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital, Surgut, Russia
Published: July 2024

The study demonstrates findings of brain examination using new parameters of a magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Twenty-two newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy underwent magnetic resonance imaging in Surgut District Clinical Center of Maternity and Childhood Health Care from 2022 to 2023. The findings indicate the selectivity of cerebral hypoperfusion influence on certain brain areas in full-term and premature newborns. When scanning newborns, a comprehensive brain magnetic resonance imaging approach was improved and protocol for examining newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was optimized, resulting in initiation of establishing a comprehensive multicenter trial further on.
NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE TOOLS OF CYBER POWER: A REVIEW ON THE AREAS OF STATE HEGEMONIA
Authors: Özdemir Gülşah , Karagül Soner
Published: July 2024

In the post-Cold War era, in terms of international relations, 'cyber security' emerges as a significant security issue for the spheres of state sovereignty beyond the personal sphere. In addition to the harmful effects of cyber threats on the functioning of public institutions and organizations, İt also raises a problem for states, such as managing perception operations by creating a society more open to manipulative influences.
In our globalizing world, as the most important actor of the system, the States' dependence on each other has increased, and at the same time, there has been a period in which the fundamental security issues are intertwined for the States. In such a situation where it is not possible for the States to define themselves outside the system, classical realist approaches are insufficient to explain the changing -and increasingly abstracted-security areas. Nation-states must develop more complex skills and prioritize cooperation to deal with these new security threats.
In our study, which focuses on the national cyber security perceptions of states, the measures taken by the States in the cyber world on priority issues, such as institutional functioning and survival problems, are analyzed in terms of national security strategies. On the theme of 'new security', the main focus is the necessity for actors to develop new defense capabilities within the framework of the 'quick response and easy adaptation' in the face of increasing and diversifying cyber threats. In our study, which deals with the efforts of digital Nation-states to increase their effectiveness in cyberspace in determining the 21st-century sovereignty areas and the increase in their tendency towards cyber warfare tools, the active/passive defense methods followed by the States in the perspective of cyber security strategies have been evaluated. In this context, it is the most acceptable method for the States to prefer the 'active defense model' in order to avoid cyber attacks against vital institutions such as education and health.
Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sağlık Okuryazarlık ve Genel Öz Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Palabıyık Ahmet Alperen
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin sağlık okuryazarlıkları ve genel öz yeterlilik düzeylerini saptamak, analiz edip yorumlamak ve önerilerde bulunmaktır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde yapılan araştırmanın evrenini, 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılı eğitim gören Ardahan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi 201 öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak 32 maddelik Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (TSOY-32) ve 17 maddelik Genel Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği (GÖYÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları ile toplanan veriler SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılarak istatistiksel çözümlemeler yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik bilgilerinin frekansları ve ölçeğe ait aritmetik ortalama, standart hata, minimum ve maksimum değerler ile puanları hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeklerde değişkenlerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığna bakılmış, normal dağılan veriler için Bağımsız T Testi ve One-Way Anova, normal dağılmayan verilen için Kruskal Wallis ve Man Whitney-U testleri kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucu farkın hangi gruplar arasında olduğunu belirlemek için post-hoc test yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin %3,5’inin yetersiz sağlık okuryazar olduğu, %48,6’sının sorunlu-sınırlı sağlık okuryazar, %25,5’inin yeterli sağlık okuryazar ve %22,4’ünün mükemmel sağlık okuryazarı olduğu görüldü. Öğrencilerin genel öz yeterlilik düzeyleri yüksek olarak tespit edildi. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ile genel öz yeterlilik arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptandı.
KENTSEL GELİŞİM PLANLAMA VE REFORMLARINA YÖNELİK BAZI DURUM TESPİTLERİ VE ÖNERİLER
Authors: Koç Varol
Published: July 2024

Dünya genelinde şehirleşme oranının artışına paralel olarak gecekondu yerleşimlerinde yaşayan nüfus da çoğalmaktadır. Özellikle sosyo- ekonomik cazibe merkezleri olan büyük şehirlerde, insani yaşam koşulları, kayıt dışı yerleşimlere yönelim nedeniyle gittikçe düşmekte; iklim ve çevre olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Problemin büyümesinin önemli sebeplerinden birisi aslen başarısız planlama ve uygulamalardan kaynaklanan hatalardır. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kayıt dışı yerleşim ve ekonomi giderek artan küresel sorunları beraberinde getirdiğinden, kentsel planlama sorunu, Birleşmiş Milletler ve Dünya Bankası dahil, uluslararası yönetim ve finans kurumlarının önemli gündemleri arasındadır.Kamu politikasının bilimsel gerçeklere uygun olarak düzenlenmesi, teknik ve mühendislik gereklerini yerine getirmeye yönelik olması şarttır. Buna bağlı olarak kamu politikası, planlama ve uygulamaları, siyasi çıkarlara kurban edilmemeli, toplum refahını artırmak ve çevresel zararları azaltmak temel düstur olarak benimsenmelidir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada kentsel politikalar geliştirme, politikaları planlama ve planları uygulamaya yönelik olarak yönetim sistemleri ilkelerinin kullanılmasının sağlanması amacıyla Dünya’dan konuyla ilgili olumlu ve olumsuz bazı örnekler ele alınıp irdelenerek tespit ve önerilerde bulunulmaya çalışılmıştır. BM Habitat'ın Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri kapsamında güvenli, uygun fiyatlı konutlara erişim ana hedef olmakla birlikte, küresel ve yerel ilişkilerin karmaşıklığı, özellikle de küresel sermayenin yerel kentsel dönüşüm projeleri üzerindeki etkileri, projelerin etkili ve sürdürülebilir olmasını sağlayabilen katılımcı yaklaşımların kentsel dönüşüm süreçlerinde önemi dikkatle ele alınmalıdır. Ayrıca, konut finansmanının ekonomik dengesizlikler üzerindeki etkileri incelenmeli, aşırı finansallaşmanın ve konut fiyatlarının şişmesinin ekonomik kriz riskini artırabileceğine dikkat edilmelidir. İkonik yapıların şehirlerin küresel temsilindeki rolünün ve medyanın kentsel dönüşüm süreçlerini nasıl etkilediğinin de değerlendirilmesi, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmak için yerel politikalara önem gösterilmesi gerekir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, üst düzey yöneticilerin modernleşme idealini yanlış anlamaları ve toplumsal adaleti ihmal etmeleri, yoksulluk ve sosyal eşitsizliğin artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Kentsel dönüşüm ve planlama reformları, yetersiz katılım, kötü tasarım ve uygulamalar, lider eksikliği ve sınırlı kaynaklar gibi sorunlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Kentsel dönüşüm projeleri, farklı aktörlerin (planlayıcılar, yatırımcılar, politikacılar, toplum) katılımını gerektirir ve bu katılımın dikkatlice yönetilmesi şarttır. Bu açıdan sorunlar nihai olarak, ancak yönetim sistemleri prensipleri ile çözüme kavuşturulabilir.
TÜRKİYE’NİN ZEYTİN VE ZEYTİNYAĞI SEKTÖRÜNDE KÜRESEL REKABET GÜCÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Özözen Serdar
Published: July 2024

Zeytin hem yağ üretiminde kullanılabilen hem de sofralık olarak tüketilebilen bir üründür. Sağlık açısından önemli faydalar içerdiği için dünyada giderek artan bir talep görmektedir. Zeytin dünyada Akdeniz iklimi özelliğine sahip, daha çok Akdeniz’e kıyısı olan ülkelerde yetiştirilmektedir. Türkiye, zengin iklim ve toprak yapısıyla zeytin yetiştirmek için ideal bir coğrafyaya sahip olup, bu özellikleriyle dünya genelinde önemli bir zeytin ve zeytinyağı üreticisi ülkedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dünyada önemli zeytin ve zeytinyağı üreticisi arasında yer alan Türkiye’nin zeytin ve zeytinyağı sektöründeki küresel rekabet gücünü Akdeniz iklim koşullarına sahip rakip ülkelerin (İspanya, İtalya, Yunanistan, Portekiz, Tunus) rekabet gücü ile karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmektir. Çalışmada sektöre ilişkin rekabet gücü analizi edilirken, sektörün SWOT analizine de yer verilmiştir. Çalışma 2012-2021 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Yöntem olarak Balassa’nın Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük Endeksi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada zeytin ve zeytinyağı ürünleri 6 alt ürün grubunda sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu çalışma literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak, zeytin ve zeytinyağı alt sektörlerine ilişkin sektörün ayrıntılı rekabet gücü seviyesini ortaya koymaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, zeytin ve zeytinyağı sektörü alt ürün gruplarında en rekabetçi ülkelerin İspanya ve Yunanistan olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu ülkeleri Portekiz ve İtalya takip etmektedir. Tunus’un sadece zeytinyağı sektörü alt ürün gruplarında rekabetçi yapıya sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Türkiye’nin zeytin sektöründe HS 2005.70 Zeytin (5 kilogramı geçmeyen işlenmiş yeşil ya da siyah zeytin) ürün grubunda, zeytinyağı sektöründe ise HS 1509.10 Natürel Zeytinyağı ürün grubunda güçlü seviyede rekabet gücüne sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
TÜRKİYE’DE YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARININ BİLİM DİPLOMASİSİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Olgun Zeynep , Erçetin Şefika Şule
Published: July 2024

Devletlerarasında oluşan anlaşmazlığın barışçıl yollarla çözülmesini sağlayan en önemli araçlardan biri diplomasidir. Diplomasi, devletlerin kendilerine belirledikleri hedefleri gerçekleştirmek üzere sahip oldukları kabiliyet ve gücü kullanarak diğer devletlerle sağlıklı ilişki kurabilme sürecidir. Yıllar içerisinde devletler arasındaki iletişimin artması, siyasal, sosyal ve teknolojik değişimlerin yaşanması diplomatik ilişkilere yansımış ve diplomasi kavramı değişmiştir. Yeni diplomasi anlayışında yumuşak güç, kamu diplomasisi gibi kavramlar ortaya konmuştur. Kamu diplomasisi türleri arasında görülen bilim diplomasisi ise, dış politika konusundaki hedeflerin bilim aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmesi, uluslararası bilimsel iş birliğinin artırılması ve toplumlar arasında ilişkileri geliştirmek için bilimsel çalışmaların kullanılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ülkelerin yürüttüğü bilim diplomasisi uygulamalarında yükseköğretim kurumlarının aktif bir role sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yükseköğretim kurumlarının bilim diplomasisi uygulamalarını değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada yöntem olarak literatür taraması tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, yükseköğretim kurumlarınca yürütülen yurtdışı hareketlilik programları, ikili ortak üniversiteler, akredite programlar, uluslararası sempozyum, kongre, bilimsel yayınlar, fikri-sınai ürünler, projeler ve diğer bilimsel çalışmaların bilim diplomasisine katkı sağladığı ve önemli bir role sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin akademik çalışmalarıyla teknolojik gelişmelerin birbirini desteklemediği, bilimsel çalışmaların sektör ve istihdam piyasası ile uyumlu olmadığı, yükseköğretim harcamalarının Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYİH) içindeki payının yetersiz kaldığı, üniversitelerin ise bu bütçe içerisinde Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine yeterince ağırlık veremediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu eksikliklerin giderilmesine yönelik tedbirlerin alınması ve akademik çalışmalarda bu konulara ağırlık verilmesi önerilmektedir.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN NÜKLEER SANTRALE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI: KIRKLARELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Sezgin Sezgin
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı; yükseköğretim öğrencilerinin nükleer santrallere yönelik tutumlarını belirleyerek farklı değişkenlere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Kırklareli Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi’ndeki 6 farklı bölümde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin elde edilmesinde öğrencilere Tabakalı Tesadüfi Örneklem yönteminden yararlanılarak yüz yüze anket uygulanmış, elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi kapsamında yüzde ve frekans dağılımı, normallik testi, t testi ve ANOVA testleri yapılmıştır. Literatürdeki nükleer santrale yönelik tutum konusunda yapılan çalışmalardan hareketle H1: Cinsiyetler arasında nükleer santrale yönelik tutum açısından farklılık yoktur ve H2: Öğrencilerin bölümleri arasında nükleer santrale yönelik tutum açısından farklılık vardır hipotezleri çalışmada test edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle öğrencilerin nükleer santrale yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyetler arasında nükleer santrale yönelik tutum açısından farklılık yoktur hipotezi de Öğrencilerin bölümleri arasında nükleer santrale yönelik tutum açısından farklılık vardır hipotezi de kabul edilmiştir. Tutumların alt boyutları açısından bakıldığında; olumlu tutum üzerinde cinsiyet grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Olumsuz tutum açısından bakıldığında; kadınların olumsuz tutumları konusunda erkeklerden daha düşük bir eğilim gösterdiği görülmektedir. Yine bölüm bazlı değerlendirildiğinde; olumlu tutum açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görülmektedir. Olumsuz tutum açısından ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmaktadır. ÇEKO ve İktisat grupları arasında anlamlı fark vardır, İktisat ve Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi grupları arasında da anlamlı fark vardır.
Pengembangan Asesmen Autentik dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Pembelajaran Tematik untuk Mengukur Dimensi Bernalar Kritis Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Reni Ekawati Sulistyo  , Sumarno  , Purnamasari Iin
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mendeskripsikan kevalidan ; 2) menganalisis kepraktisan ; 3) menguji keefektifan asesmen autentik dengan pendekatan Saintifik pada pembelajaran tematik untuk mengukur dimensi bernalar kritis siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang dikembangkan oleh Borg dan Gall, yang terdiri dari (1) tahap potensi dan masalah; (2) pengumpulan data; (3) desain produk; (4) validasi desain; (5) revisi desain; (6) uji coba produk; (7) revisi produk; dan (8) uji coba pemakaian.Data penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: 1) uji validitas diperoleh rata-rata 0,849 dengan kriteria sangat baik; 2) uji kepraktisan  diperoleh skor persentase sebesar 73,42 dengan kategori sangat baik; 3) uji keefektivan diperoleh dari validitas butir soal, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, dan sensitivitas butir soal. Uji validitas butir soal pada aspek sikap menunjukkan bahwa rubrik penilaian sikap, soal pengetahuan, dan rubrik penilaian keterampilan diperoleh rhitung>rtabel sehingga dinyatakan valid dan nilai alpha >0,60 sehingga dinyatakan reliabel. Tingkat kesukaran pada kriteria sedang, daya pembeda soal pada kategori cukup dan baik, dan sensitivitas butir soal berniai positif.Simpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa asesmen autentik dengan pendekatan saintifik pada pembelajaran tematik dinyatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif.
Diagnosis Kesulitan Berbicara Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Pada Siswa Kelas V Al-Bathani Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah Setiabudi 12 Pamulang
Authors: Budiman Mukmin Rizki Surya Budiman , Hendrik Maulina , Romadon
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan berbicara siswa yang terlihat masih takut, malu dan ragu-ragu dalam menyampaikan jawaban saat diberikan pertanyaan dan memberikan pertanyaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kesulitan berbicara siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di kelas V Al-Bathani SD Muhammadiyah 12 Pamulang. Model penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualiatif, metode yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme. Teknik sampel sumber data dilakukan secara purposive dan snowbaal. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi (pengamatan), interview (wawancara), kuesioner (angket),  dokumentasi, dan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data bersifat induktif/kualitatif, dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna dari pada generalisasi. Berdasarkan analisis data kualitatif faktor yang mempengaruhi keterampilan berbicara siswa yaitu siswa merasa takut jika menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan guru, siswa merasa minder dengan teman-temannya sering di ejek temannya, faktor lain yang mempengaruhi keterampilan berbicara siswa yaitu lingkungan sekitar siswa yang jauh dari teman-temannya juga mempengaruhi belajar siswa. Selain itu siswa juga mengalami keterlambatan belajar pada penerimaan materi pembelajaran. Kendala yang di alami guru saat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa untuk menunjang hasil belajar. Kendala yang di alami guru yaitu kondisi siswa yang ingin di perhatikan oleh gurunya. Jika guru menunjuk siswa yang kesulitan berbicara dan siswa tersebut hanya diam maka siswa lain berebut untuk ditunjuk guru.
Pembelajaran Interaktif Melalui Model Savi Berbantuan Mind Mapping Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Keaktifan Belajar Siswa
Authors: Nurjanah  , Meilanto
Published: July 2024

Pembelajaran inetraktif harus dilaksanakan agar proses pencapain pembelajaran dihasilkan secara maksimal guna menguatkan profil pelajar Pancasila salah satunyad engan menerapkan model pembelajaran SAVI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keaktifan belajar dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Materi Menentukan Ide Pokok pada siswa kelas V SDN 13 Koba Bangka Tengah melalui penerapan model SAVI berbasis mind mapping. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan melalui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 13 Koba Bangka Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas berupa triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan, dan refleksi. Peningkatan keaktifan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia tersebut terbukti melalui data yang telah diperoleh dalam penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan. Dari hasil pengolahan data yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa pada kondisi awal rata-rata keaktifan belajar siswa sebesar 49,14 dengan kategori sangat kurang, kemudian meningkat menjadi 73,36 dengan kategori baik pada siklus I. Pada siklus II rata-rata keaktifan belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 82,59 dengan kategori sangat baik. Peningkatan keaktifan belajar tersebut telah mencakup 8 aspek yang ada yakni aspek visual, aspek motor, aspek listening, aspek writing, aspek oral, aspek drawing, aspek mental dan aspek emosional.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas V.A
Authors: Indah Dewi Safitri  , Siti Dewi Maharani  , Vinencia Ika Indralin
Published: July 2024

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the improvement in learning engagement among students with the implementation of the problem-based learning (PBL) model on the IPAS Lesson Eye. This study utilizes a research method known as class action research (PTK), which consists of two learning cycles. His research focused on the number of students in the VA class at SDN 112 Palembang, which amounted to 24. This study's data collection involves the use of observation and documentation approaches during the learning process. For further data analysis, the research uses quantitative descriptive approaches. The findings indicated an increase in student activity markers. In Cycle I, 12 out of the 24 students obtained a learning activity indicator with a 50% percentage. In Cycle II, there was a notable and positive increase. Out of the 24 pupil participants, 21 were able to achieve the learning activity indicator, resulting in a percentage of 87.5%. Thus, it can be inferred that using the problem-based learning (PBL) model can improve students' learning experiences, particularly those in the VA class, when studying the topic of "light features" in the IPAS curriculum..
Reproducible and Generalizable Framework for Multi-class Hierarchical Classification Demonstrated by DNA Methylation-based Glioma Subtyping
Authors: Chen Youdinghuan
Published: July 2024

The class label of some multi-class machine-learning tasks may be hierarchical. A well-known example is lower-grade glioma, which can be clinically classified first based on IDH mutation and then according to chromosome 1p/19q codeletion. Hi-Class is a newer supervised framework that leverages hierarchical information within class labels. This study demonstrates the application of Hi-Class to predict the established glioma subtypes using methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine islands in two independent datasets (n=507 and n=122). As an exemplar of reproducibility, hold-out and cross-validation experiments of Hi-Class and flat classification were performed. To exemplify generalizability, the Hi-Class and flat models were trained on one dataset and applied to another without cross-normalization between the datasets. The strong prior knowledge and the observed classification performance make this task suitable for demonstrating and teaching hierarchical classification.
The Strategies of Formative Assessment and Assessment for Learning in Online and Blended Learning in Higher Education A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Williams Gareth James
Published: July 2024

A paradigmatic shift from traditional to online and blended learning environments in higher education has accelerated throughout the twenty-first century, raising questions regarding the transferability of teaching and learning strategies. This systematic literature review (SLR) explores empirical qualitative research concerning formative assessment (FA) and assessment for learning (AfL) in online and blended learning in higher education. It evaluates and synthesises research participants’ and researchers’ perspectives regarding the purpose and value of these strategies and the challenges encountered in implementation. Five education focused bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies published in the English language between 2011 and July 2022. Data collection and analysis was conducted by one reviewer and facilitated through NVivo. The findings from 20 studies with 429 participants were thematically synthesised and five analytic themes were inductively generated: context affects implementation; value is generally perceived but purpose isn’t always realised; a diverse set of challenges; perceptions of reliability depend on trust and competence; and pathways to improvement. Quality assessment identified high to moderate support for the synthesised findings whilst acknowledging studies’ contextual idiosyncrasies. Despite limitations in the qualitative research base, findings revealed consistently strong valuations of contextual strategy implementation despite diverse challenges being encountered. Fundamental considerations for course designers and implementers in enhancing the value of FA and AfL strategies, promoting meaningful learner engagement, and ensuring the fulfilment of assessment purposes in networked contexts are made.
Centrum Nauki: to będzie laboratorium dla wszystkich
Authors: Iłowiecka-Tańska Ilona
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the author takes the concept of space and exhibitions in a science centre as an “accessible laboratory”. By analysing the curatorial concept of the largest institution of this kind in Poland — Warsaw’s Copernicus Science Centre — she reconstructs the model of this new type of exhibition institution. The author interprets this model as an effort to break the pattern of symbolic violence, which — deliberately or not — is reproduced in exhibition spaces and educational institutions. The crisis of public confidence in science constitutes the context of the analyses presented here.
Stan i perspektywy służby cywilnej po nowelizacji ustawy o służbie cywilnej w 2015 roku
Authors: Springer Beata
Published: July 2024

The article will analyse the consequences of the introduction of the 2015 statutory changes involving, among others, the abolition of competitions for senior positions in the civil service and the extinction of employment relations. The effect of these changes is excessive staff turnover, the possibility of discretionary filling of senior positions (due to lowering of competence requirements), a decrease in the number of candidates for vacant positions, a decrease in the number of appointments. The most painful effect is the noticeable regression of the civil service, resulting in an inability to retain the best qualified staff in the civil service. The lowering of standards associated with traditional features of civil service systems, such as impartiality, neutrality and professionalism, requires immediate reinforcement. A key question remains about the efficiency of the state in the context of the degradation of the civil service (especially in a pandemic situation).