bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Discrimination Model Between Primary PLA2R-Negative Membranous Nephropathy and Minimal Change Disease Confirmed by Renal Biopsy
Authors: Wu Feng , Zhang Yiding , Cui Wen , Dong Yijun , Geng Yingyang , Liu Changhao , Li Zemeng , Xie Yandong , Cai Xiaojing , Shang Jin , Xiao Jing , Zhao Zhanzheng
Published: November 2020

BackgroundMembranous nephropathy (MN) and minimal change disease (MCD) are two common causes leading to nephrotic syndrome (NS). They have similar clinical feature but different treatment strategy and prognosis. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is considered as a specific marker of membranous nephropathy. However, its sensitivity is only about 70%. Therefore, there is a lack of effective and noninvasive tools to distinguish PLA2R-negative MN and MCD patients without renal biopsy. We aim to develop a discrimination model using noninvasive parameters for distinguishing the two diseases and support immediate treatment before result of renal biopsy.MethodsA total 949 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as idiopathic MN or primary MCD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to August 2019 were enrolled in this study, including 805 idiopathic MN (605 PLAR2-positive MN and 200 PLA2R-negative MN) and 144 primary MCD. Based on the basic information and laboratory examination of 200 PLA2R-negative MN and 144 MCD, we used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to select the relevant variables and develop the discrimination model. ROC curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic ability and calibration ability of the model. The decision curve was used to show the net benefit. We also tested the effectiveness of our model in all 949 patients.ResultsA novel model that included age, albumin, urea, high density lipoprotein, urea and red blood cell count was established for PLA2R-negative MN and MCD. The discrimination model has good differential capability (an AUC of 0.889 in training group and an AUC of 0.920 in test group) and calibration capability. When testing in all 949 patients, our model also showed good discrimination ability for all idiopathic MN and MCD.Conclusion﻿We constructed a discrimination model with high diagnostic effectiveness for PLA2R-negative MN and MCD. The model could also be used for all idiopathic MN and MCD patients.
Scale Development and an Educational Program to Reduce the Stigma of Schizophrenia Among Community Pharmacists: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fujii Tomoo , Hanya Manako , Murotani Kenta , Kamei Hiroyuki
Published: November 2020

BackgroundStigma associated with mental disorders is rooted among many pharmacists, and represents a major barrier to patient support in community-based psychiatry. In the current study, we firstly developed an assessment scale that is specifically designed to assess the level of stigma that pharmacists may have toward patients with schizophrenia, and then examined the effects of reducing stigma with an educational program that focuses on communication with schizophrenic patients using a newly developed Stigma Scale towards Schizophrenia for Community Pharmacists (SSCP).MethodsSSCP was developed by exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation based on responses from 822 randomly selected community pharmacists. Furthermore, a randomized controlled trial was conducted for 115 community pharmacists to clarify the effects of reducing the stigma of schizophrenia using an educational program for them with a focus on communication with patients with schizophrenia. Participants were individually allocated to two groups: a lecture group (56; only attending a lecture on schizophrenia) or communication group (59; communicating with patients and attending the lecture). The stigma assessment using SSCP was conducted immediately before and after the educational intervention.ResultsA total of 4 factors and 27 items were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis as SSCP.Cronbach’s α of SSCP was 0.89; specifically, Cronbach’s α for social distance at work (factor I), recognition of patients with schizophrenia (factor II), self-disclosure (factor III), and social distance in daily life (factor IV) were 0.88, 0.76, 0.62, and 0.62, respectively. Educational program-related changes of the median (interquartile range) total SSCP score from baseline were −9.0 (−16.0 – −5.0) in the communication group and −3.0 (−7.0 – 1.0) in the lecture group, reflecting a significant reduction of stigma levels in the communication group. On examining the SSCP subscales, scores for factor I and factor II significantly improved. The educational program was more effective for pharmacists aged 20-39 years or with negligible experience of communicating with schizophrenic patients at work and/or in private life.ConclusionsSSCP and the educational program for community pharmacists that focuses on communication with patients were useful for assessing and reducing, respectively, the stigma attached by these pharmacists to schizophrenia.CONSORT extension for abstractNot applicableTrial registrationNot applicable
Assessment of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Service Availability in Healthcare Facilities in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda
Authors: Kayiwa Denis , Mugambe Richard K. , Mselle Jane Sembuche , Isunju John Bosco , Ssempebwa John C. , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Ndejjo Rawlance , Kansiime Winnie K , Nalugya Aisha , Wagaba Brenda , Zziwa Jude. B. , Bwire Constance , Buregyeya Esther , Radooli Martin Othieno , Kimbugwe Ceaser , Namanya Emily , Bateganya Najib Lukooya , McGriff Joanne A. , Wang Yuke , Ssekamatte Tonny , Yakubu Habib
Published: November 2020

Background: Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Healthcare facilities (HCFs) is of significant public health importance. It is associated with a reduction in the transmission of healthcare acquired infections (HAIs), increased trust and uptake of healthcare services, cost saving from infections averted, increased efficiency and improved staff morale. Despite these benefits, there is limited evidence on availability of WASH services in HCFs in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). This study assessed the availability of WASH services within HCFs in the GKMA in order to inform policy and WASH programming.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 HCFs. Availability of WASH services in the study HCFs was assessed using a validated WASH Conditions (WASHCon) tool comprising of structured interviews, HCF observations and microbial water quality analysis. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software and R software.Results: Overall, 84.5% (49/58) and 12.1% (7/58) of HCFs had limited and basic WASH service respectively. About 48.3% (28/58) had limited water service, 84.5% (49/58) had limited sanitation service, 50.0% (29/58) had limited environmental cleanliness service, 56.9% (33/58) had limited hand hygiene service, and 51.7% (30/58) had limited waste management service. About 94.4% of public HCFs had limited WASH service compared to only 68.2% of private not for profit facilities. More health centre IIIs, 92.5% and health centre IVs (85.7%) had limited WASH service compared to hospitals (54.5%).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that provision of water, sanitation, hand hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and health care waste management services within HCFs is largely hindered by structural and performance limitations. In spite of these limitations, it is evident that environmental cleanliness and treatment of infectious waste can be attained with better oversight and dedicated personnel. Attaining universal WASH coverage in HCFs will require deliberate and strategic investments across the different domains.
Assessment of novel Lehmann’s Funnel Entry Trap prototypes performance to control malaria mosquito populations
Authors: Sanou Roger , Maïga Hamidou , Bilgo Etienne M. , Sawadogo Simon P. , Sow Bazoumana D. , Ouema Adama , Bayili Koama , Belem Adrien Marie Gaston , Paré Léa Melanie , Dabiré Roch K. , Diabaté Abdoulaye
Published: November 2020

Background: There is a global consensus that new intervention tools are needed to make the final steps toward malaria elimination/eradication. In a recent study in Burkina Faso, the Lehmann Funnel Entry Trap (LFET) has shown promising results in the reduction of mosquito densities, even in areas where insecticide resistance is as high as 80%. The LFET requires no chemicals and is self-operated. However, one of the issues with the original LFET is the size of the funnel, which often occupies too much space within users’ homes. Here, we compared the performance of three new, smaller-sized LFET prototypes that combine a screening and killing effect on mosquitoes. Methods: The study was carried out over three months during the rainy season in low and high malaria vector density sites, Soumousso and Vallée du Kou, respectively. The original LFET (or ‘Prototype 1’/’P1’) was modified to produce three new prototypes, which we will refer to as Prototype 2 (‘the Medium’ or ‘P2’), Prototype 3 (P3) and Prototype 4 (P4). Each of the new prototypes was tested on eight days per month over the three-month period to assess their effectiveness in trapping and killing mosquitoes entering houses through the windows compared to the original LFET. Results: Overall, 78,435 mosquitoes (mainly Anopheles gambiae s.l.) were collected in the two study sites, both in the traps and in the houses. A total of 56,430 (72%) mosquitoes were collected from the traps. In Vallée du Kou, the original LFET caught a greater number of mosquitoes than the Medium (prototype 2), whereas no difference was observed between the other new prototypes (3 and 4) and the Medium. In Soumousso, both the original and Medium LFETs collected significantly greater numbers of mosquitoes compared to prototypes 3 and 4. Conclusion: This study has shown that the new LFET prototypes are effective in trapping mosquitoes in high mosquito density settings. A large-scale study with one of the prototypes will be needed to assess community acceptance of the traps and their ability to control malaria vectors.
Transcatheter closure for patent ductus arteriosus in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome: to do or not?
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Liang , Shen Yunli , Geng Liang , Chen Fadong
Published: November 2020

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA) complicated by Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) remains to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Giving increasing evidence of benefit from targeted therapies, ES patients once thought to be inoperable may have increasing options for management. This study aims to explore whether PDA in patients with ES can be treated with transcatheter closure (TCC). Methods: Between August 2014 and July 2016, four out of fifteen PDA-ES patients whose Qp/Qs improved significantly and Qp/Qs>1.5 after acute vasodilator testing with 100% oxygen were selected to receive TCC and pulmonary vasodilator therapy. PAH-targeted drugs were prescribed before and after occlusion for all patients. Trial occlusion was performed before permanent closure.Results: The first TCC failed after the initiation of PAH-targeted drugs for 6 months in four patients. After the medication was adjusted and extended to 12 months, TCC was performed for all without hemodynamic intolerances during perioperative period. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was significantly decreased (≥ 40%) immediately after TCC. During a mean follow-up period of 48±14.70 months, there was a further decrease of PASP in two patients, the other two showed improved pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), WHO functional class and six-minute walking distance despite deteriorated PASP.Conclusion: Some selected PDA-ES patients with PVR<15Wood U and Qp/Qs>1.5 at baseline might benefit from TCC and combined PAH-targeted drugs pre- and post-occlusion play a crucial role.
Using Trial Sequential Analysis for estimating the sample sizes of further trials: example using smoking cessation intervention
Authors: Claire Ravinder , Gluud Christian , Berlin Ivan , Coleman Tim , Leonardi-Bee Jo
Published: November 2020

Background Assessing benefits and harms of health interventions is resource-intensive and often requires feasibility and pilot trials followed by adequately powered randomised clinical trials. Data from feasibility and pilot trials are used to inform the design and sample size of the adequately powered randomised clinical trials. When a randomised clinical trial is conducted, results from feasibility and pilot trials may be disregarded in terms of benefits and harms.MethodsWe describe using feasibility and pilot trial data in the Trial Sequential Analysis software to estimate the required sample size for one or more trials investigating a behavioural smoking cessation intervention. We show how data from a new, planned trial can be combined with data from the earlier trials using trial sequential analysis methods to assess the intervention’s effects.ResultsWe provide a worked example to illustrate how we successfully used the Trial Sequential Analysis software to arrive at a sensible sample size for a new randomised clinical trial and use it in the argumentation for research funds for the trial. ConclusionsTrial Sequential Analysis can utilise data from feasibility and pilot trials as well as other trials, to estimate a sample size for one or more, similarly designed, future randomised clinical trials. As this method uses available data, estimated sample sizes may be smaller than they would have been using conventional sample size estimation methods.
Adoption of water harvesting technologies among agro-pastoralists in semi-arid rangelands of South Eastern Kenya
Authors: Lutta Alphayo , Wasonga Oliver Vivian , Nyangito Moses , Sudan Falendra Kumar , Robinson Lance
Published: November 2020

Background: The arid and semi-arid lands experience inherently unpredictable rainfall and frequent droughts, which are exacerbated by climate change. This consequently leads to deterioration of land resources, and eventually forage and water shortages that negatively impact livestock productivity. In Kenya, development and government agencies have been supporting on-farm adaptation strategies such as water harvesting conservation structures to cope with climate hazards that affect agricultural production and food security in agro-pastoral and pastoral systems. The various water harvesting structures that have been promoted include Zai pits for growing crops and trees, water pans and shallow wells for livestock and domestic use, as well as for irrigation. However, the impact of such interventions with regard to improvement of range productivity and therefore welfare of agro-pastoral and pastoral communities has not been felt owing to low adoption rate by households. Results: This study determined social, economic and institutional factors influencing the adoption of water harvesting technologies by households in pastoral areas of Tana river County of Kenya. The data was collected through household survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The results show that access to extension services and training, level of monthly income, main source of livelihood, land tenure, membership in social groups and availability of active farm labor significantly influenced the adoption of water harvesting structures.Conclusion: Pastoralists therefore need to be mobilized and trained on how to construct and use water harvesting structures and sensitized on the potential socioeconomic benefits of adopting them.
WITHDRAWN: Knowledge, Preventative Practices and Depression of Chinese university students in Korea and China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Cross-sectional Study
Authors: ‍ZHAO BO , Kong Fanlei , Nam Eun Woo
Published: November 2020

(1) Background: To investigate the knowledge, preventative practices, and depression of Chinese university students living in South Korea (‘International Group’) and Mainland China (‘Mainland Group’) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, and furtherly explore the determinants of depression among these students; (2) Methods: The study was conducted using an online questionnaire tool designed by the Yonsei Global Health Center, with preventative knowledge and practice questions on COVID-19, as well as PHQ-9 (used to diagnose depression for patients). 420 Chinese college students were finally included in the analysis (171 students in South Korea and 249 students in mainland China). This data was collected from March 23 to April 12, 2020; (3) Results: Majority of these students had a good level of knowledge of COVID-19. The ‘International Group’ did better than the ‘Mainland Group’ students regarding preventative practices, but the percentage with moderate-to-severe depression was higher among the ‘International Group’. Highly concerned about family members, highly concerned about getting COVID-19, and having a suspicion of contact with patients increased the depression state among the respondents. Meanwhile, taking preventative behaviors more comprehensively decreased the depression state of both groups; (4) Conclusions: During the pandemic of COVID-19, the depression status of ‘International Group’ students was significantly severer than that in ‘Mainland Group’ (χ2 = 5.50, p < 0.05). While the high-level of depression status of these two groups’ students was affected by highly concerning family members and getting COVID-19 and having a suspicion of contact with patients. Therefore, psychological counseling and education programs are needed in order to support and improve the mental health of ‘International Group’ students.
DNA methylation abnormalities of imprinted genes in congenital heart disease: A pilot study
Authors: Chang Shaoyan , Wang Yubo , Xin Yu , Wang Shuangxing , Luo Yi , Wang Li , Zhang Hui , Li Jia
Published: November 2020

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is resulted from the interaction of genetic aberration and environmental factors. Imprinted genes, which are regulated by epigenetic modifications, are essential for the normal embryonic development. However, the role of imprinted genes in the etiology of CHD remains unclear. Methods: After the samples were treated with bisulfate salt, imprinted genes methylation were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. T test and One-way ANOVA were performed to evaluate the differences among groups. Odds ratios (ORs) were performed to evaluate the incidence risk of CHD in relation to methylation levels.Results: We investigated the alterations of imprinted gene germline differential methylation regions (gDMRs) methylation in patients with CHD. Eighteen imprinted genes that are known to affect early embryonic development were selected and the methylation modification genes were detected by massarray in 27 CHD children and 28 healthy children. Altered gDMR methylation level of 8 imprinted genes was found, including 2 imprinted genes with hypermethylation of GRB10 and MEST and 6 genes with hypomethylation of PEG10, NAP1L5, INPP5F, PLAGL1, NESP and MEG3. Stratified analysis showed that the methylation degree of imprinted genes was different in different types of CHD. Risk analysis showed that 6 imprinted genes, except MEST and NAP1L5, within a specific methylation level range were the risk factors for CHDConclusion: Altered methylation of imprinted genes is associated with CHD and varies in different types of CHD. Further experiments are warranted to identify the methylation characteristics of imprinted genes in different types of CHD and clarify the etiologies of imprinted genes in CHD.
Morbidity associated with Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Newborns: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Terrin Gianluca , Chiara Maria Di , Boscarino Giovanni , Metrangolo Valentina , Faccioli Francesca , Onestà Elisa , Giancotti Antonella , Donato Violante Di , Cardilli Viviana , De Curtis Mario
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Association between persistency of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and morbidity in preterm newborns is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the relation between PDA and morbidity in a large retrospective study. Methods: A case-control study including neonates consecutively admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks or body birth weight (BW) < 1500 g, over a 5-year period. Newborns were divided into Cases and Controls, according with the presence or absence of a hemodynamically significant PDA (hs-PDA). Results: We enrolled 85 Cases and 193 Controls. Subjects with hs-PDA had significantly (p<0.001) lower GA (26.7 w, 95%CI 27.1-28.0 vs. 30.1 w, 95%CI 29.7-30.4), BW (1024 g, 95% CI 952-1097 vs. 1310 g 95%CI 1263-1358) and an increased morbidity (60.0% vs. 18.7%). In a sub-group of extremely preterm newborns (GA ≤ 28 weeks and BW ≤ 1000 g), the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was significantly increased in Cases (31.7%) compared with Controls (5.9%, p=0.033). Multivariate analysis showed that morbidity significantly depended on hs-PDA, GA and BW, and that, in extremely preterms, the hs-PDA represented an independent risk factor for BPD. Conclusions: Occurrence of the main morbidities of prematurity depended by hs-PDA, in association with GA, BW, and use of prenatal steroids. In extremely premature babies, hs-PDA is a risk factor for BPD, one of the most important morbidity of prematurity, independently by other confounding variables.
Non-timber forest products and climate change adaptation among forest-dependent communities in Bamboko forest reserve, the southwest region of Cameroon
Authors: Nghogekeh Tieminie Robinson , Loh Chia Eugene , Chupezi Tieguhong Julius , Mayiadieh Nghobuoche Frankline , Mandiefe Piabuo Serge , Tieguhong Mamboh Rolland
Published: November 2020

Background: Forests are naturally endowed to combat climate change by protecting people and livelihoods as well as creating a base for sustainable economic and social development. But this natural mechanism is often hampered by anthropogenic activities. It is therefore imperative to take measures that are environmentally sustainable not only for mitigation but also for its adaptation. This study was carried out to assess the role of Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as a strategy to cope with the impacts of climate change among forest-dependent communities around the Bamkoko Forest Reserve in the South West Region of Cameroon.Methods: Datasets were collected through household questionnaires (20% of the population in each village that constitute the study site was a sample), participatory rural appraisal techniques, transect walks in the 4 corners of the Bamboko Forest Reserve with a square sample of 25 m2 x 25 m2 to identified and record NTFPs in the reserve, and direct field observations. ). SPSS package for social scientists was used. The results were used for the construction of tables.Results: A total of 18 plant species were identified as being harvested as Non-Timber Forest Products by the residents around the Bamkoko Forest Reserve. The majority of the respondents (88%) perceived that there has been a change in climate patterns due to increased temperatures and unpredictable rainfalls. Eru was the most affected NTFPs with an std deviation of 1.66799 and crops was the most livelihood by climate change around Bamboko Forest Reserve with an std deviation of 1.20459 and local population used more than one strategy to cope with these adverse effectsConclusions: The study concluded that with the increasing climate change effects on crop production and other livelihoods, non-timber forest products still play a safety net role to assist communities. The need to ensure sustainable harvesting, improved processing, and access to non-timber forest products markets cannot be over-emphasized.
Baseline Serum Total Cortisol During the Primary Corona Virus Infection in the Beginning of the Pandemic in Cameroon
Authors: Etoga Martine Claude Etoa , Inna Astasselbe Hadja , Guewo-Fokeng Magellan , Dehayem Mesmin , Boli Anne Ongmeb , Manga Jean Arnaud Ndi , Kouanfack Charles , Mfeukeu Liliane Kuate , Fouda Pierre Joseph , Moor Vicky Ama , Sobngwi Eugène
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Improvement of critically ill patients Covid 19 positive placed on glucocorticoids may suggest impairment of the adrenal function. Our objective was to evaluate baseline serum cortisol in covid+ patients.Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a population of patients infected with 2019-nCoV in Cameroon. Patients receiving corticosteroids irrespective of the route of administration within 3 months prior to recruitment and those with any hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disease were excluded. We reviewed the medical records of patients to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Patients were then sampled at 8 am for serum cortisol assay by the competitive ELISA method. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's test to compare means. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: We included 80 covid+ patients, predominantly males (45, 56.3%) with a mean age of 43±13 years. The co-morbidities found were hypertension (9, 11.3%), diabetes mellitus (7, 8.8%), cardiovascular disease (8, 10%) and obesity (4, 5%). The most common symptoms were asthenia (44, 55%), fever (36, 45%) and respiratory symptoms (75, 93.7%). The non-severe form was the most common (70, 87.5%). Only 12.5% (10) of patients received oxygen therapy within our study. The mean baseline serum cortisol in the series was 279.55 nmol/l±128.68 (min 96.1332 nmol/l; max 665.0521 nmol/l). Sixty-nine patients (86.3%) had baseline cortisol ≤413.79nmol/l, suggesting an insufficient response to stress. No statistically significant association was found between serum cortisol and disease severity.Conclusion: The absence of a marked rise of cortisol during COVID-19 suggests possible involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in this infection.
Impact of lanthanum doped zirconium oxide (LaZrO2) gate dielectric material on FinFET inverter
Authors: Kaur Gurpurneet , Gill Sandeep Singh , Rattan Munish
Published: November 2020

Fin-typed field effect transistor (FinFET) has considered a suitable device for low power and high-performance applications. The incorporation of gate dielectric lanthanum doped zirconium oxide (LaZrO2) in the 14 nm silicon on insulator (SOI) FinFET not only enhanced effective carrier mobility but also diminished the short channel effects (SCEs). The FinFET embodiment with LaZrO2 has dwindled subthreshold swing (SS), reduced drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), and raised on-current to off-current ratio as a contrast to SiO2-based FinFET. A remarkable enhancement of 1.18×, 11×, and 1.3× for transconductance (g

m
), early voltage (V

EA
), and an intrinsic gain (A

V
), respectively, have been investigated. Further, LaZrO2-based n-FinFET and p-FinFET devices have devised with equal dimensions. The improved noise margin of 0.375 V using a single-fin FinFET-based inverter circuit has proven the acceptance of this device in a circuit application.
Ko tēnei te wā…. Te Tiriti o Waitangi education, teacher education, and early childhood care and education
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: November 2020

This paper offers a brief personal reflection on some leadership related observations from work as an early childhood teacher educator over the past thirty years. Te Tiriti o Waitangi education is a specific area that has previously not been sufficiently prioritised and has only comparatively recently been affirmed in government policy as a key focus of education henceforth. This paper reflects on some of the underlying reasons for this omission within education, pointing to notions of white supremacy in the colonialist assumption of sovereignty and ongoing racism that has negatively impacted on educational experiences and outcomes for Māori in Aotearoa and has also resulted in the degradation of our environment despite Tiriti o Waitangi assurances about the sustenance of rangatiratanga and protection of taonga which should have supported ongoing kaitiakitanga of te taiao. Some hopeful recent policy initiatives are acknowledged. It finishes with recognition of the current climate emergency and the need for urgent educational leadership required in response.
Silver ore exploration in the Southern Urals
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology UB RAS, Kurlaev Evgenii A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Native historiography associates the beginning of Southern Ural industrialization with the construction of first metallurgical works in the 1740s. Historians paid attention to geological exploration in the Urals in the 17th century but they had no idea about the survey areas. Historical archeological study on the edge of the town of Zlatoust in the Southern Urals has managed to find the trace of the largest geological survey expedition aimed at silver ore exploration as far back as 1669–1673. Expedition at that time represented a major military autonomous formation (regiment) under a voivode’s (Slavic title for a war-leader) command. A large number of participants was due to the need for great manpower and protection from hostile nomads Research aim is to introduce unique discoveries in the history of mining into professional scientific use. Methodology. When analyzing the historical material, the methods of field survey and investigation on the documents of ancient mining remains have been developed. Results. The sequence of events has been retraced in the article, geological survey and mining areas and stages have been determined. Organizational structure, quantity, aims and results of the largest geological survey expedition in the history of Russia have been defined. Mining traces have been discovered being a unique monument to the history of mining in the 17th century.
Rationale for mobile crushing plants design methodology
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Chirkin Aleksei A. , Kantemirov Valerii D. ,   Institute of Mining UB RAS
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Modern mining enterprises in Russia and abroad use opencast mining on a wide scale making the best use of the cyclic-flow technology with mobile crushing plants (PDPU) of various designs. Research aim is to substantiate the methodology of designing mobile crushing plants. Methodology. The work of designers and constructors in choosing the type of PDPU layout scheme and elements of its design, as well as in improving the installation as a whole, is difficult due to the lack of a unified methodological approach to the design of mobile crushing plants in a modular (block) design. Multiple layout solutions in mobile crushing plants design required the formulation of general principles for such plants. PDPU structures were analyzed in the article, and the optimal layout of the plant in a modular design was substantiated as a part of the open-pit transport scheme. Results. The research, including the research carried out in IM UB RAS, made it possible to develop initial requirements for such plants design. In accordance with the requirements the designers of the Uralmash Machine-Building Corporation developed the technical design of the PDPU-2000 mobile unit with a capacity of 2000 m3/ h, consisting of three modules based on the cone crusher KKD 1500/180. Conclusions. Two and three-module plants equipped with large-sized jaw and cone crushers are promising modular PDPU designs currently being developed. The transfer of installation modules to a new location is carried out using a multi-purpose tracked conveyor with a lifting capacity of up to 1000 tons. Recently, there has been an increased interest in this type of PDPU, as evidenced by the large number of patented technical solutions.
Assessing the impact made by the geological features of a coalfield on producing well’s operation
Authors:   National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Matniiazova Galina I. , Khaidina Mariia P. ,   National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Coalbed methane extraction increases the economic efficiency of coal mining being a main measure mitigating coal mining risks. Research aim was to assess the impact made by host rocks with different reservoir properties on coalbed methane production dynamics before and after hydraulic fracturing. Methodology. A coal seam model has been constructed using software systems; the coal seam has been represented as an integrated deposit of two minerals, coal and gas. Gas production scenarios with and without impact on the seam have been calculated as well. A model of a coal bed with a hydraulic fracture was constructed in application program package Petrel (Shlumberger). Results. The calculation results showed the development of gas migration from the coal matrix to the surrounding rock through the fracture system during gas production. The use of hydraulic fracturing has positive impact on the dynamics of gas production from coal seams. Hydraulic fracturing revealed the growth of desorbed gas migration into the host interlayers. Analysis of coal methane migration to the surrounding rock has shown that the host rock can be considered as a transportation route for coalbed methane production.
Geophysical researches in mine
Authors:   Institute of Mining UB RAS, Kharisov Timur F. , Melnik Vitalii V. ,   Institute of Mining UB RAS, Zamiatin Aleksei L. ,   Institute of Mining UB RAS
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Geophysical methods of rock mass research are among the most effective ways of solving various mining problems being widely used in mining, gas and oil industry, as well as in science. They allow to conduct prospecting and prospect evaluation remotely, to reveal structural heterogeneity, cavities, zones of contacts of various environments in the rock mass with rather high precision. The article contains an example of solution to the problem of finding a fallen and spread through three-tier shelf in an operated shaft. Research methodology. Spectral seismic profile (SSP) method and GPR were used for prospecting. SSP is based on the dependence between the spectral composition of the oscillatory process occurring when rock mass exposed surface undergoes impact effect, and the structure of the rock mass. GPR method is based on the reflection of the electromagnetic wave from boundaries between media with different electrophysical properties. Research results. Geophysical methods have made it possible to identify the following boundaries of the metal shelf filled with rock mass inside the vertical shaft: 5.5–6.0 m, 10.5–11.0 m, 15 m. Combined results of the two measurement methods and their comparative analysis show rather high convergence therefore confirming the reliability of the obtained results. Exploration drilling of downholes from the level working confirmed the obtained results.
4D modeling of concentrating mill tailings dam protecting dike soil consolidation
Authors:   Mining Institute KSC RAS, Kalashnik Nadezhda A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The research aims to study concentrating mill tailings dam protecting dike soil consolidation on the example of a mining enterprise of the Kola Peninsula. Research methodology. The research is based on 4D modeling (taking into account a time factor) using PLAXIS software solution. The computer hydro-geomechanical 3D model of the concentrating mill tailings dam fragment has been developed allowing to investigate both geomechanical and fi ltration processes, and their collateral infl uence on protecting dike and alluvial beach soil consolidation. The following options of tailings dam hydro-geomechanical condition development are considered: a reference state at the current parameters of operation, increase in the level of water-saturated tail deposits and the subsequent consolidation of bulk and alluvial soils within 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 and 80 days. Research results and analysis. The received results have been analyzed on the dynamics of the tailings dam hydro-geomechanical condition therefore revealing its behavior in time. It has been established that the nature of bulk and alluvial soils consolidation is identical, however, differs signifi cantly in terms of quantity. Conclusions. Dependences of bulk and alluvial soils consolidation of the tailings dam hydraulic engineering construction on consolidation time are established providing a scientifi c and technical basis for its mechanical state and stability assessment, and for engineering recommendations about the terms of the following stage of dams building.
Mineral resources as a constituent part of natural capital
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Ignatieva Margarita N. , Logvinenko Oksana A. ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: November 2020

appraisal of the territory’s natural capital. The appraisal represents the mechanism which makes it possible to reasonably select the options for the natural capital development with the view of social-economic development being favourable to human life activity and preserving ecological balance at the same time. The appraisal’s reliability requires specified structure of the natural capital and the implemented functions. Research aim is to specify the architecture of the natural capital and functions implemented by its components. Methodology and methods. The theory and the methodology of the natural capital and the theory of ecosystem services were the theoretical basis for the research. The research contained data generalization and analysis, classification and grouping, comparative analysis, and qualitative analysis. Research results. The content of the natural resources potential with available resources and potential reserves was studied. The possibility of transferring from potential reserves (off-balance and written-off reserves and technogenic mineral bodies) to accessible mineral resources which form the mineral resource base was shown by the example of the mineral raw potential. Universally recognized ecosystem services classifications were analyzed and recommendations were made aimed at improving such a classification for further universal application. All components of the natural environment are considered from the position of ecosystem services possibility. It has been determined that they are provided by both biotic and abiotic components (such functions reside even in the lithosphere). The authors’ position has been formulated regarding eco services as ecological resources. Anthropocentric character of the approach has been proven in the definition of the natural capital, which is only considered from the position of the “income flow” for the sake of human, while its preservation is conditioned by the need for its permanency. The essence of resource and ecosystem approach is revealed when building the structure of the natural capital. It is recommended to use a combination of the options based on the principles from the present article. Summary. Natural capital appraisal reliability required unambiguity in constructing the natural capital and the implemented functions. It is proposed to use the combined structure of the natural capital which reflects the implemented resource and ecosystem functions.
Sequence of studying engineering and geological conditions of mineral deposits from exploration to development
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Abaturova Irina V. , Savintsev Ivan A. ,   Ural State Mining University, Storozhenko Liubov A. ,   Ural State Mining University, Nugmanova Elvina D. ,   Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Geoecology LLC, Kozlov Vladislav S. ,   Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Geoecology LLC
Published: November 2020

geological environment. Actively change all the components of engineering-geological conditions (EGC), formed during the long geological time: the topography, structure of rocks, hydrogeological and permafrost conditions, are formed by geological processes and, at the same time on the surface of the Earth formed a new strata of man-made structures, and often man-made deposits. The scale of technogenesis in mining today is comparable to the results of geological activity that took place over many millions of years. Therefore, even at the early stages of studying the EGC MD, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of changes in the EGC in order to provide preliminary protective measures. Purpose of work. Consideration of striking examples of the dynamics of the EGC MD (from exploration to development), in order to provide methods for managing these changes. Methodology. The article considers the stages of obtaining engineering and geological information for the period of MD operation, which will solve the problems of rational use of the subsoil and protection of the geological environment. Results. For example, the number of objects marked all the stages of learning to yoke the dynamics of their changes, which led to the formation of engineering-geological processes that adversely affect the further testing of MD. Summary. The reaction of the geological environment in the development of MD is not long in coming and is expressed in the development of large-scale engineering and geological processes, which often do not allow further development of MD and threaten people's lives. Therefore, even at the early stages of studying the EGC MD, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of changes in the EGC in order to provide preliminary protective measures.
La psicología de la aversión... en los tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: Olivera-La Rosa Antonio
Published: November 2020

Sin duda, vivimos un momento complicado. Estos días, nuestras
preocupaciones parecen orbitar de una u otra forma alrededor de la amenaza
de contagio y de los “costos” derivados de regularla. Si bien la velocidad
de la “propagación” de información relacionada reviste a este fenómeno con
una textura contemporánea (la analogía memética de Dawkins, nunca más
vigente), la particular economía de la prevención de contactos infecciosos
no es, ni mucho menos, una preocupación actual.
Primero muerta antes que sencilla
Authors: Hernández Gallego Daniela
Published: November 2020

Dahiana es una mujer joven, alta, rubia, que llama la atención por su
belleza; pero por esa belleza paga un costo muy alto. Llega a consulta hace
un tiempo movilizada por una relación amorosa que le estaba generando gran
malestar. Esta mujer invertía gran cantidad de su tiempo y dinero, que no
tenía, pagando procedimientos estéticos con sus tarjetas de crédito para
alcanzar el estándar de belleza que le sugería su pareja, medidas
90/60/90.
Érase una vez... Una introducción al pensamiento posmoderno y a la
terapia narrativa
Authors: Castaño Agudelo Alejandro
Published: November 2020

Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica aborda los fundamentos del
pensamiento posmoderno, así como los principios teóricos y técnicos de la
terapia narrativa. Se delinean inicialmente los preceptos de la filosofía
moderna en torno a los cuales se han desarrollado las ciencias hasta mitad
del siglo XX. A medida que se plantean los pilares del objetivismo, se
desarrolla un hilo argumental de contraste en el cual se retoman los relatos
configuradores de la tradición posmoderna que actualmente rigen como punto
de contraste al discurso tradicional de la ciencia. En un segundo escenario
se exponen las directrices de la terapia narrativa. Se recapitulan las
principales estrategias de intervención derivadas de este modelo con el fin
de clarificar la puesta en escena de los postulados anteriormente
presentados en el contexto del acompañamiento individual y familiar. Con
este texto se espera introducir al lector tanto en el pensamiento posmoderno
como en la terapia narrativa, la cual en los últimos decenios ha fungido
como andamiaje para múltiples conversaciones de coautoría entre consultantes
y terapeutas en el mundo.
Debates contemporáneos del proceso en un mundo que se transforma
Authors:   Fundación Red Interinstitucional para el Estudio del Proceso y la Justicia, Ramírez Carvajal Diana María , Vásquez Santamaría Jorge Eduardo ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó
Published: November 2020

En tiempos de profunda incertidumbre marcados por prolongados y radicales cambios en las formas de vida, la comprensión del derecho y de su ejercicio se ven convocados de forma urgente en los escenarios universitarios para abrir paso al reconocimiento, la interpretación y la comprensión de las nuevas realidades que demandan propuestas urgentes para avanzar al que muchos siguen denominando retorno a la normalidad.
Determination of the deformation characteristics of the foam concrete as a sub-base
Authors: Valaskova Veronika , Vlcek Jozef
Published: November 2020

Foam concrete (FC) is utilizable in various fields of application in civil engineering practice. It's most often used as a leveling sub-base in the floors of the buildings or foundation structures or as a fill material in open spaces such as unused underground structures. Foam concrete contains void pores so it has much lower bulk density than regular concrete. Together with the saving of material inputs, physical and mechanical parameters and low thermal conductivity, it predestinates its use as a structural element of the structures such as sub-base layers. Strain modulus from the second load cycle is the common control parameter in the sub-base design. Some elements of conventional PLT equipment are not usable for foam concrete testing because of larger deflection radius due to the larger stiffness of foam concrete. When reliable relation between dynamic modulus and conventional strain modulus is determined, LWD testing can substitute the PLT test as a quick and simple method. This paper is the first approach to estimate this relation.
Deep learning under H2O framework: A novel approach for quantitative analysis of discharge coefficient in sluice gates
Authors: Ghorbani Mohammad Ali , Salmasi Farzin , Saggi Mandeep Kaur , Bhatia Amandeep Singh , Kahya Ercan , Norouzi Reza
Published: November 2020

Gates in dams and irrigation canals have been used for the purpose of controlling discharge or water surface regulation. To compute the discharge under a gate, discharge coefficient (Cd) should be first determined precisely. From a novel point of view, this study investigates the effect of sill shape under the vertical sluice gate on Cd using four artificial intelligence methods, which are used to estimate Cd, (i) random forest (RF), (ii) deep learning (DL), (iii) gradient boosting machine (GBM), and (iv) generalized linear model (GLM). A sluice gate along with twelve different forms of sills was fabricated and tested in the University of Tabriz, Iran. Different flow rates were considered in the hydraulic laboratory with four gate openings. As a result, a total of 180 runs could be tested. The results showed that the installation of sill under the vertical gate has a positive effect on flow discharge. Sill shapes can be characterized by their hydraulic radius (Rs). Sensitivity analysis among the dimensionless parameters proved that Rs/G (the ratio of the hydraulic radius of the sills with respect to the gate opening) has a significant role in the determination of Cd. A semi-circular sill shape has a more positive effect on the increase of Cd than the other shapes.