bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WAYS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF ENTREPRENEURS 'ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Authors: TOPALOVA I.A.
Published: March 2022

Topicality. The issues of efficiency and effectiveness of economic activity of the subjects of the enterprise are becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization, the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and increasing the level of competitiveness of both entities and Ukraine in the world. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the efficiency of economic activity with defined tasks and strategic goals, in the context of the identified business needs, forms the overall effectiveness of the enterprises of the region.Aim and tasks. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of business entities in the region from the standpoint of development of the market of innovative technologies. This goal allowed to form the following tasks: to analyze the main indicators of Ukraine according to the Global Entrepreneurship Index; to analyze the structure of appeals-complaints of representatives of the business sector to the Council of Business Ombudsman of Ukraine in order to identify the reasons that affect the effectiveness of their business activities; develop a questionnaire to interview business representatives in order to identify problematic issues at the local level and opportunities for their elimination.Research results. This article identifies the impact of indicators according to the Global Entrepreneurship Index, namely: venture capital; labor capital; startup skills; growth rate; willingness to take risks; competition; perception of new opportunities; product innovation; business culture; involvement of technologies and their impact on the effectiveness of business entities in the region and the competitiveness of the business sector of Ukraine in the world. In order to systematize specific problems in the business sector in the context of the development of the market of innovative technologies in the scientific article summarizes the data on appeals of business entities to the Council of Business Ombudsman and introduced an author's questionnaire "Assessment of barriers and external influences on the effectiveness of economic activity", which consists of the following blocks of questions: a block of questions on awareness of doing business; a block of questions on staff evaluation and its impact on business development; block of questions on administrative influence on business entities; block of questions on the assessment of the competitive situation in the market; a block of questions on the priority areas of business development in the market.Conclusion. The practical orientation of this scientific article is to develop a number of proposals to increase the effectiveness of business entities in the region and systematize them into the following groups of activities: organizational; economic (foreign economic); tax; personnel; measures to protect the intellectual rights of economic entities; financial.
Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Games Tournament pada Mata Pelajaran PAI
Authors: Rosihin Rosihin
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar melalui penerapan model pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament). Penelitian yang dilakukan termasuk dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis & Taggart. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Bulusari 2 Kabupaten Brebes dengan melibatkan 42 siswa kelas IIIA. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus 1 terjadi peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa. Pada siklus 1, motivasi belajar siswa mencapai 72% dan pada siklus 2 meningkat kembali menjadi 93,55%. Peningkatan motivasi belajar juga dibarengi dengan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Rata-rata hasil belajar pada Siklus 1 yaitu dengan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 55%, meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 92%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model tersebut dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar PAI.
Granice prawnej dopuszczalności zatrzymania osoby w stanie nietrzeźwości w trybie ustawy o wychowaniu w trzeźwości i przeciwdziałania alkoholizmowi
Authors: Rydz-Sybilak Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

Obecna regulacja prawna związana z problematyką wychowania w trzeźwości i przeciwdziałania alkoholizmowi za swój szczytny cel stawia sobie dbałość o zapewnienie pomocy osobie uzależnionej, w tym zapewnienie stosownego wsparcia osobom najbliższym dla uzależnionego. Przewiduje katalog środków doraźnych, jak również kompleksową pomoc, w tym niezbędną formę wsparcia zakładu leczniczego. Postanowienia tego aktu prawnego mają zadbać o życie i zdrowie uzależnionego, zapewnić mu bezpieczeństwo oraz humanitarne traktowanie. Problemem wyłaniającym się na tle tejże regulacji jest jednak aspekt realizowanych czynności przez funkcjonariuszy publicznych, a zmierzających do pozbawienia wolności osoby pozostającej w stanie nietrzeźwości. Kiedy staje się koniecznym pozbawienie wolności poprzez zatrzymanie administracyjne i kiedy taka czynność może być uznana za prawnie dopuszczalną?
Artur Trubalski (red.), Obowiązki człowieka i obywatela w Konstytucji RP z 1997 roku, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2020, ss. 182
Authors: Czachor Rafał
Published: March 2022

The following text discusses the book Duties of a person and a citizen in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 edited by Artur Trubalski. Since in recent years academic scholars have focused on constitutional rightsand freedoms, it is worth noticing this awaited and actual study. The book consists of six chapters that cover all duties included in the Constitution of Poland. Taking the opportunity, the following review undertakes some issuesthat have not been considered by the authors of this book, i.e., a doctrinal justification of constitutional duties and the scope of the duties in contemporary European constitutions
Sacred Necroresistance in India-Administered Kashmir
Authors: Jan Umer
Published: March 2022

As a population is subject to necropolitics, what are the ways in which they resist the exposure to this systematic, deliberately inflicted death? Encompassing the case of India-administered Kashmir region, this article seeks to understand and examine this question. As the Indian state continues to enact insidious and expansive forms of necropolitics in Kashmir, the population has also turned death into a form of counter-conduct – a necroresistance to subvert the state’s necropolitics. Exploring this enactment of necroresistance, this article seeks to reveal the forms that it takes in India-administered Kashmir as well as the transformations that it brings to the socio-political milieu. Conversely, it also looks at how necroresistance in Kashmir acquires a contextual sacred dimension.
EXPERIENCE IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND DESIGN OF FISH PASS AND SPAWNING CANALS AT THE NIZHNE-DONSKOY CASCADE OF LOW-HEAD WATERWORK FACILITIES
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Shkura V. N. , Shevchenko A. V. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: March 2022

Purpose: generalization of long-term experience in the development of layout and design solutions for fish pass and spawning channels under the conditions of the Lower Don hydroelectric facilities system. The hydroelectric facilities cascade built on the Lower Don changed the conditions of fish anadromous migrations and spawning for the worse, which led to the undermining of commercial stocks and oppression of their populations. Under the current conditions, the existing drawback can be eliminated by the construction of fish pass and spawning channels at hydroelectric facilities. The demand for such structures and the lack of recommendations on their design determines the relevance of their development. Materials and methods. The basis of the development was the materials of the inspection of the existing canals at the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky hydroelectric facilities and the design solutions of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky canals. When examining canals and developing their design solutions, generally accepted methods of scientific analysis, synthesis and design of hydraulic structures were used. Results and discussions. The advantages and disadvantages of the layout and design solutions of the existing fish pass and spawning channels are identified, and their flow rate and geometric parameters are determined. On the results of the survey, developments aimed at strengthening the advantages and eliminating the drawbacks of the design solutions for fish pass and spawning channels were made. Conclusions. The designs of the inlet and outlet heads which provide favorable conditions for entering fish migrating along the river into and out of the channel into the river are proposed. Proposals for the layout and design of the canal tract, which provides conditions for fish passage and (or) spawning in it are formulated. The schemes of constructions of recreation areas for fish and the methodology for assessing the quality of conditions that determine the efficiency of the adopted channel parameters for entering migrating fish into it are given. Recommendations for the improvement of layout and design solutions have been tested and implemented in the projects of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky fish pass and spawning canals.
The role of the state in the development of science and innovation
Authors: Svetlanov Andrey G.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with questions about the role and importance of the state in the development of science and innovation. Particular attention is paid to the issues of intellectual property, legislative difficulties in the regulation of intellectual property rights are identified.
The author recognizes the special role of the state in supporting socially significant areas such as science, production, and innovative achievements. The article formulates modern trends in the development of science in the Russian Federation, assesses the structural changes taking place in this area, and proves that the development of the state in modern conditions is associated with a qualitative revision of the content of policy, including the legal policy of the state in relation to science and innovation processes
Methodological functions of the Philosophy of Law
Authors: Kerimov Dzhangir A.
Published: March 2022

The author insists that the methodology of law has pronounced distinctive features, which are determined primarily by the originality and originality of the subject of legal development of social existence. Such development takes place both in the spiritual sphere and in the purely practical sphere. At the same time, the methodology of law is structured at three levels: fundamental, general scientific and private scientific. This work is devoted to the comprehension of the first, the most significant of them
Comparative Law in the system of jurisprudence
Authors: Nersesyants Vladik S.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the general theoretical foundations of comparative law, characterizes the object, subject and methodology of this scientific discipline, as well as its structure, covering the general and special parts. The author shows the theoretical and methodological significance of philosophical-law research in the field of law understanding for the development of a comparative law theoretical concept and for a logically correct comparison of national law systems as different forms of manifestation of the same law essence. From this point of view there are analyzed three main types of law understanding, which determine the paradigm, principle and semantic model of law and the state modern research: legal-positivist, jusnaturalist and libertarian-juridical. Particular attention is paid to the libertarian-juridical type of law understanding developed by the author, from the standpoint of which law is interpreted as a positive law, expressing the essential law principle of formal equality, which is revealed through the trinity of an equal measure of regulation, freedom and justice. This approach makes it possible to supplement the existing classification of national law systems, which currently relies primarily on criteria of a legal-technical and ideological nature, by distinction these systems according to the level of their law development.
The concept of environmental safety (legal aspect)
Authors: Kolbasov Oleg S.
Published: March 2022

The article shows the importance of ensuring environmental safety for the present and future generations of people at the national (Russian) and international levels. The correlation of ecological safety with military security, ecological (sustainable) development, the impact of socio-economic development on the state of the environment (in terms of the ratio of economy and ecology) is revealed. The importance of international cooperation of states in ensuring environmental safety is proved and the leading role of legal science (environmental lawyers) in solving environmental protection problems is revealed.
A New Magnetorheological Composite Gel and Its Controllable Rheological Behaviour
Authors: Cheng-bin Du  , Bing Liu  , Fei Guo  , Guo-jun Yu
Published: March 2022

A series of magnetorheological composite gels (MRCG) were prepared using carbonyl iron powder as the magnetic particles, a complex of methyl silicone oil and gelatin/agaropectin colloids as the matrix and various additives. The rheological behaviour of the samples was tested using a rheometer in rotary and oscillatory shear modes. The results demonstrate that rheological behaviour is significantly dependent on the colloid content of the matrix. The shear yield strength increases with increasing colloid content of the matrix and reaches a maximum of 92.1 kPa. The linear viscoelastic range of the MRCG is almost independent of colloid content. In addition, the shear storage modulus of the MRCG increases with increasing colloid content, and the maximum value of the change in absolute modulus is 2.526 MPa. Adding nanosized SiO2 can significantly improve the shear yield stress and broaden the controllable range of the MRCG under a magnetic field.
Performance of Normal Geometrical Hydrodynamic Inclined Fixed Pad Thrust Slider Bearing with the Interfacial Slippage Occurring on the Stationary Surface in the Inlet Zone and on the Whole Moving Surface
Authors: Yansun Zhou  , Yongbin Zhang  , Xuedong Jiang  , Mingjun Pang
Published: March 2022

An anaysis is presented for investigating the performance of the hydrodynamic inclined fixed pad thrust slider bearing with a normal geometry where the interfacial slippage occurs on the stationary surface in the inlet zone and on the whole moving surface, based on the limiting interfacial shear strength model. The calculation results show that compared with the classical mode of the bearing (without any interfacial slippage), this bearing has a significantly higher load-carrying capacity but a much lower friction coefficient in the same operating condition. The study shows the considerable improvement of the bearing performance by the introduced interfacial slippage.
An Improved Multiple Damage Identification Method of Plate Structure Using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Bingrong Miao  , Ying Zhang  , Xujuan Li  , Yaoxiang Luo  , Yangzhe Qiu
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the identification accuracy of multiple damage of the plate structures, a method based on a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is proposed. Firstly, the structural characteristic parameters of the undamaged and damaged plate structures are obtained through the finite element modal analysis. The discrete wavelet transform is used to decompose and evaluate the modal node displacement data of the rectangular thin plate, and the high frequency information and singular values of the structural damage location are calculated. Secondly, the quantitative analysis of damage is realized by the change rate of the maximum value of the wavelet coefficient. Finally, according to the proposed algorithm, the anti-noise performance of the algorithm is verified through different ratios of noise. The results are shown that the vibration-based damage identification method is effective to detect the location and severity of the rectangular thin plate structures, which can be used to solve the damage identification problems of complex structures.
Analysis of a Direct Current Compressor for Solar Cooler
Authors: Orhan Ekren
Published: March 2022

Refrigeration systems have higher electricity consumption ratio in overall energy consumption especially in household utilization. On the other hand, these systems have an advantage of being powered by renewable energy sources such as solar or solar-wind hybrid systems because of their lower power demand. Since the efficiency improvement of refrigeration systems is crucial for domestic and industrial systems in the present study, solar energy powered compressor for vapour compression refrigeration systems have been investigated. Compressor is the most important part and often the costliest component of any refrigerant system. There are two different options for powering the compressor such as alternative current (AC) and direct current (DC).For that reason, this study focused on thermal analysis of critical component inside the novel DC compressor. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has been realized to figure out the heat transfer mechanism inside the compressor components and also thermodynamics efficiency. Temperature distribution in the compressor during the operation was presented and the component of the compressor position re-designed with resulted parameter and discussed affects of the volumetric efficiency.Furthermore, in this study, experimental performance analysis of the novel DC type refrigeration compressor implemented in a 50 l refrigerator to show its cooling performance and compare well known DC compressor in the market. Energy usage reduction and operational improvement potential of the solar powered DC compressor via variable speed operation were investigated. The comparison showed that variable speed operation of the novel DC compressor can be much more efficient than constant speed operation.
Solar Energy in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Current Situation and Perspectives in the Use of Solar Energy for Electricity Generation
Authors: Jorge Morales Pedraza
Published: March 2022

Without a doubt, Latin America and the Caribbean will significantly contribute to the continuous global solar capacity expansion during the coming decades. The whole region could grow its current installed solar power capacity by a factor of 40 by 2050. It is expected that by 2050, solar power would represent the second-largest power source behind wind power, generating around 25% of the world’s power. The Int?rn?t??n?l Energy Ag?n?? (IEA) projected, in 2014, that under ?t? high r?n?w?bl?? scenario, by 2050, solar PV and ??n??ntr?t?d ??l?r power (CSP) would contribute about 16% and 11%, r?????t?v?l?, of the worldwide electricity ??n?um?t??n. ??l?r power is expected to be the largest ??ur?? of ?l??tr???t? generation at the world level in 2050. In total, global solar power capacity would increase around 14-folds, rising from 578,6 GW in 2019 to over 8.000 GW by 2050. Annual investments in solar power are likely to exceed US$7 billion.
Single-Fiber Based Endoscopic Imaging: Methods and Characteristics
Authors: Chengfang Xu  , Zhuang Bin , Wu Zhaoxin , Ren Liyong
Published: March 2022

Different from imaging an object through a multimode optical fiber (MMF) directly, it is much more challenging to use a single MMF for practical endoscopic imaging in which the light wave has been distorted twice: on the way in for the illumination and on the way out for the detection. In this paper, based on obtaining the optical transmission matrix (TM) of the MMF working in the reflective mode, we demonstrate that, via the measured optical TM, the object can be reconstructed directly from its round-trip distorted output speckle fields. Compared with other single-fiber based endoscopic imaging methods, our method doesn’t involve any scanning operation during the imaging process. Such an efficient method might have potential applications for wide-field and ultrathin fiber endoscopic imaging.
Skills Transformation in Higher Education: Perceptions of Foreign Language Lecturers
Authors: BOZGÖZ M. Gamze , GÜR Bekir S.
Published: March 2022

Utilizing in-depth interviews with 14 lecturers teaching English in foreign language departments at two state and two private universities in Ankara, capital of Turkey, this study aims to discover the direction of skills transformation of these lecturers. The results show that they assumed new roles and acquired new skills, but also lacked some critical skills. Work intensification, inadequate professional development opportunities, exclusion from decision-making processes, and increasing managerial control result in deskilling in both research and pedagogy. The research findings also show that work environment is unable to provide professional development and to increase the motivation of the lecturers teaching English, placing them at a disadvantage in universities. Lecturers who think that their ideas are considered unimportant or ignored tend to lose their motivation to improve some professional skills. This study revealed that the most noticeable issue facing foreign language lecturers in the higher education system is their marginalized and undervalued status.
La casa de las miradas
Authors: Miró López Susana
Published: March 2022

Reseña
Mini-piezometers for Measuring Groundwater to Surface Water Exchange
Authors: Martinez Christopher J.
Published: March 2022

AE454, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Christopher J. Martinez, aids those who are engaged in surface water to groundwater exchange studies in cost-effective construction, installation and use of mini-piezometers. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2009.
AE454/AE454: Mini-piezometers for Measuring Groundwater to Surface Water Exchange (ufl.edu)
Managing Bahiagrass in Bermudagrass and Stargrass Pastures
Authors: Sellers Brent A. , Ferrell Jason A.
Published: March 2022

Revised! SS-AGR-257, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by B. A. Sellers and J. A. Ferrell, describes how to prevent encroachment by bahiagrass into bermudagrass and stargrass pastures in Florida, and provides recommendations for chemical control, the impact of herbicide applications, and how to reduce forage-yield loss. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, November 2009.
SS-AGR-257/AG243: Managing Bahiagrass in Bermudagrass, Stargrass, and Limpograss Pastures (ufl.edu)
How to Feed a Horse: Understanding Basic Principles of Horse Nutrition
Authors: Johnson Edward L. , Duberstein Kylee J.
Published: March 2022

AN236, a 5-page fact sheet by Edward L. Johnson and Kylee J. Duberstein, discusses the nutritional needs of horses, common guidelines to observe when feeding one’s horse, and how to determine if a horse’s nutritional requirements are being met. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, March 2010.
Addition of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes to Lactating Dairy Cow Diets
Authors: Bennett S. L. , Faciola Antonio
Published: March 2022

This report summarizes information on the usage of exogenous enzymes, such as their modes of action and effectiveness in lactating dairy cows. Written by S. L. Bennett and A. P. Faciola, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, March 2022.
Sustainable Landscape Construction: Materials and Products — Paints and Stains
Authors: Hansen Gail
Published: March 2022

ENH1144, a 1-page fact sheet by Gail Hansen, lists several finishes for exterior applications, with strategies for selection and use. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, October 2009.
Sustainable Landscape Construction: Materials and Products — Plastics and Rubber
Authors: Hansen Gail
Published: March 2022

ENH1149, a 1-page fact sheet by Gail Hansen, describes the environmental concerns, design strategies, and construction techniques for using plastics and rubber in landscape construction. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, October 2009.
Sustainable Landscape Construction: Materials and Products — Metal
Authors: Hansen Gail
Published: March 2022

ENH1150, a 1-page fact sheet by Gail Hansen, describes environmental issues, design strategies, and construction techniques for using metal in landscape construction. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, October 2009.
Living with Diabetes: Keeping Track of Your Blood Glucose
Authors: Bobroff Linda B.
Published: March 2022

FCS8893, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Linda B. Bobroff, describes how patient self-monitoring and hemoglobin A1C testing are used to help persons with diabetes attain their treatment goals. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, January 2010.
Facts about Vitamin A
Authors: Jensen Nan C. , Bobroff Linda B.
Published: March 2022

Revised! FCS8639, a 2-page fact sheet by Nan C. Jensen and Linda B. Bobroff, answers questions about this fat-soluble vitamin that is essential to our health. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, December 2009.
Healthy Living for Elders: Use Your Medicines Safely!
Authors: Wittkowsky Paulina , Bobroff Linda B. , Minton Emily
Published: March 2022

Revised! FCS8594, a 2-page illustrated fact sheet by Paulina Wittkowsky, Linda B. Bobroff, and Emily Minton, provides tips for elders to use medicines safely. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, December 2009.
Healthy Eating: Nutrition and Diabetes
Authors: Bobroff Linda B. , Hillan Jennifer , Minton Emily
Published: March 2022

Revised! FCS8612, a 2-page illustrated fact sheet by B. Bobroff, Jennifer Hillan, and Emily Minton, provides tips for a healthy diet that can help control diabetes and reduce the risk of complications. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, December 2009.
FCS8612/FY685: Healthy Eating: Nutrition and Diabetes (ufl.edu)
Florida Crop/Pest Management Profile: Limes, Pummelo, and Kumquat
Authors: Mossler Mark A. , Nesheim O. Norman
Published: March 2022

Revised! Circular 1340, a 13-page fact sheet by Mark A. Mossler and O. Norman Nesheim, profiles lime, pummelo, and kumquat production in Florida, providing an overview of insect/mite, weed, disease, and nematode management. Includes key contacts and references. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, November 2009.
Costs and Returns for Sugarcane Production on Muck Soils in Southern Florida 2008–2009
Authors: Roka Fritz M. , Baucum Leslie E. , Alvarez José
Published: March 2022

SC088, a 14-page report by Fritz M. Roka, Leslie E. Baucum, and José Alvarez, estimates an enterprise budget that reflects annual costs and returns for a 5,000-acre farm that grows sugarcane on organic soil, commonly referred to as “muck.” Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, March 2010.
Shifting Focus: Collecting Focus Group Data Online
Authors: Zagonel Anissa , King Audrey , Baker Lauri M. , Lindsey Angela B. , Anderson Sandra , Telg Ricky W. , McLeod-Morin Ashley
Published: March 2022

This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication presents what focus groups are, the differences between in-person and online focus groups, potential platforms for hosting online focus groups, advantages and disadvantages to online focus groups, and best practices for conducting your own online focus groups. Researchers and practitioners alike can use this document to guide their process of conducting online focus groups. This article only discusses conducting online focus groups through online videoconferencing software.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc413
Das kantonale Rechtsschutzverfahren im Bereich der politischen Rechte
Authors:   , Markić Luka
Published: March 2022

Die rechtliche Durchsetzung der politischen Rechte ist für die Praxis der direkten Demokratie in der Schweiz von überragender Bedeutung. Gerade die Beschwerde wegen Verletzung politischer Rechte bildet eine wichtige institutionelle Sicherung für die Wahrung und Einhaltung der Wahl- und Abstimmungsfreiheit. Die Dissertation untersucht anhand einer umfassenden Analyse der Rechtsquellen und der Rechtsprechung die Funktionsweise der kantonalen Rechtsschutzverfahren im Bereich der politischen Rechte. Mit ihrer Gesamtbetrachtung versteht sich die Abhandlung nicht nur als eine Quelle des Verfahrensrechts im Rahmen des Rechtsschutzes betreffend die politischen Rechte auf kantonaler Ebene. Durch die problemorientierte Systematisierung der kantonalen Rechtsschutzsysteme dient sie zudem als rechtspolitische Inspirationsquelle für eine Stärkung des Rechtsschutzsystems.
GGAA-Microsatellites of NR0B1 Promoter Region in Ewing’s Sarcoma Patients and Healthy Individuals of a Southern Brazilian Population
Authors: Stefani Rodrigo Rosa de , Toni Elisa Cristina de , Farias Caroline Brunetto de , Brunetto André Tesainer , Brunetto Algemir Lunardi , Roesler Rafael , Alho Clarice Sampaio , Friedrich Deise Cristine
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The very aggressive soft tissue and bone pediatric tumor Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is caused in most cases by the chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12), which encodes an aberrant chimeric transcription factor (EWS-FLI1) that regulates target genes, including the critical oncogene NR0B1 (Xp21.2), via GGAA microsatellites. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the GGAA microsatellites of NR0B1 promoter region of ES patients and healthy subjects in our population. Methodology: Ten male ES patients and 71 adult healthy males from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, were included in this study. Leukocyte DNA was extracted, amplified by PCR, sequenced by the Sanger method and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Total number of GGAA motifs, length of microsatellite in base pairs, number of segments separated by "A" insertions and greatest number of consecutive GGAA motifs were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed in the SPSS® statistical software and p-value <0,05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 21 different alleles was identified in the 81 subjects, with 24.2 allele [(GGAA)7A(GGAA)7A(GGAA)10 sequence] being the most frequent, but when comparing the data between the two groups, no significant difference was found. Conclusion: We concluded that the studied sample was highly variable in terms microsatellite structure, including the presence of rare alleles, giving us the opportunity to describe our population which is a fundamental step on identifying genetic implications in ES tumorigenesis.
Uso de criterios e indicadores para la actualización de planes de estudio, caso: Universidad del Caribe
Authors: Aguas García N.
Published: March 2022

La actualización de programas educativos es un proceso que realizan todas las instituciones de Educación Superior como un mecanismo de mejora continua. En el Marco de Referencia para la acreditación del CONAIC, categoría de plan de estudios, el criterio de fundamentación señala que debe existir documentación oficial que respalde la actualización del programa y que permita apreciar la pertinencia del plan de estudios en función de las demandas de la sociedad y del mercado laboral; así como del avance científico-tecnológico. Aunado a esto, el criterio de programas de asignatura contempla el cálculo de unidades mínimas y que estas correspondan al perfil seleccionado para la acreditación, de ahí la importancia de conocer y utilizar estos criterios y sus indicadores como una estrategia para actualizar los planes de estudio en tecnologías de información. Este artículo presenta el proceso para la actualización del plan de estudios de Ingeniería en Datos e Inteligencia Organizacional de la Universidad del Caribe que incorporó los criterios del Manual de CONAIC y muestra los principales resultados obtenidos.

Update an educational programs is a process carried out by all Higher Education institutions as a mechanism for continuous improvement. In CONAIC's manual, category curriculum, the criteria of foundation indicates that there must be official documentation that supports the updating of the program and that allows to appreciate the relevance of the curriculum in function of the demands of society and the labor market; as well as the scientific-technological advance. In addition to this, the criteria for subject programs contemplates the calculation of minimum units and that these correspond to the profile selected for accreditation, hence the importance of knowing and using these criteria and their indicators as a strategy to update the curricula. This article presents the process for updating the program of Data Engineering and Organizational Intelligence of Universidad del Caribe, which incorporated the criteria of the CONAIC Manual, and shows the main results obtained.
The function of protein farnesylation in early events of ABA signal transduction in stomatal guard cells of Arabidopsis
Authors: Yalovsky Shaul , Schroeder Julian
Published: March 2022

Loss of function mutations in the farnesyltransferase β subunit gene ERA1 (enhanced response to abscisic acid), cause abscisic acid hypersensitivity in seedlings and in guard cells. This results in slowed water loss of plants in response to drought. Farnesyltransferase (PFT) catalyses the attachment of the 15-carbon isoprenoid farnesyl to conserved cysteine residues located in a conserved C-terminal domain designated CaaX box. PFT is a heterodimeric protein comprised of an a and b sununits. The a subunit is shared between PFT and geranylgeranyltransferase-I (PGGTI) which catalyses the attachemt of the 20-carbon isoprenoid geranylgeranyl to CaaX box proteins in which the last amino acid is almost always leucine and in addition have a polybasic domain proximal to the CaaL box. Preliminary data presented in the proposal showed that increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in stomal guard cells in response to non-inductive ABA treatements. The goals set in the proposal were to characterize better how PFT (ERA1) affects ABA induced Ca2+ concentrations in guard cells and to identify putative CaaX box proteins which function as negative regulators of ABA signaling and which function is compromised in era1 mutant plants. To achieve these goals we proposed to use camelion Ca2+ sensor protein, high throughput genomic to identify the guard cell transcriptome and test prenylation of candidate proteins. We also proposed to focus our efforts of RAC small GTPases which are prenylated proteins which function in signaling. Our results show that farnesyltransferaseprenylates protein/s that act between the points of ABA perception and the activation of plasma membrane calcium influx channels. A RAC protein designated AtRAC8/AtRop10 also acts in negative regulation of ABA signaling. However, we discovered that this protein is palmitoylated and not prenylated although it contains a C-terminal CXXX motif. We further discovered a unique C-terminal sequence motif required for membrane targeting of palmitoylatedRACs and showed that their function is prenylation independent. A GC/MS based method for expression in plants, purification and analysis of prenyl group was developed. This method would allow highly reliable identification of prenylated protein. Mutants in the shared α subunit of PFT and PGGT-I was identified and characterized and was shown to be ABA hypersensitive but less than era1. This suggested that PFT and PGGT-I have opposing functions in ABA signaling. Our results enhanced the understanding of the role of protein prenylation in ABA signaling and drought resistance in plants with the implications of developing drought resistant plants. The results of our studies were published 4 papers which acknowledge support from BARD.
The Role of Proteases in Regulating Gene Expression and Assembly Processes in the Chloroplast
Authors: Barkan Alice , Adam Zach
Published: March 2022

Chloroplasts house many biochemical processes that are essential for plant viability. Foremost, among these is photosynthesis, which requires the protein-rich thylakoid membrane system. The activation of chloroplast genes encoding thylakoid membrane proteins and the targeting and assembly of these proteins together with their nuclear-encoded partners are essential for the elaboration of the thylakoid membrane. Several nuclear-encoded proteins that regulate chloroplast gene expression and that mediate the targeting of proteins to the thylakoid membrane have been identified in recent years, and many more remain to be discovered. The abundance of such proteins is critical and is likely to be determined to a significant extent by their stability, which in turn, is influenced by chloroplast protease activities. The primary goal of this project was to link specific proteases to specific substrates, and in particular, to specific regulatory and assembly proteins. We proposed a two-pronged approach, involving genetic analysis of the consequences of the mutational loss of chloroplast proteases, and biochemical analysis of the degradation pathways of specific proteins that have been shown to control chloroplast gene expression. Our initial bioinformatic analysis of chloroplast proteases allowed us to identify the set of pro teases that is targeted to the chloroplast. We used that information to recover three Arabidopsis mutants with T - DNA insertions in specific chloroplast protease genes. We carried out the first analysis of the stability of a regulator of chloroplast gene expression (CRS2), and found that the protein is much less stable than are typical components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Genetic reagents and analytical methods were developed that have set the stage for a rapid advancement of our understanding of chloroplast proteolysis. The results obtained may be useful for manipulating the expression of transgenes in the chloroplast and for engineering plants whose photosynthetic activity is optimized under harsh environmental conditions.
Involvement of the PKA and MAPK signal transduction pathways in sclerotial morphogenesis in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Dickman Martin B. , Yarden Oded
Published: March 2022

The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotiorum. The focus in this project is on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues involved in the regulation of these processes, utilizing and continuously developing tools our research groups have established and/or adapted for analysis of S. sclerotiorum. Our stated specific objectives were to: 1. Follow activities and function of S. sclerotiorumPKA. 2. Identify and functionally evaluate effectors of the S. sclerotiorumERK-likeMAPK signaling pathway. 3. Perform structural and functional analysis of genes whose expression is altered under conditions affecting either PKA and/or MAPK. As can be seen below, we have not only met most of the listed goals, but have also expanded our research. We have been working both together and in parallel in order to advance our goals. We have jointly shown how an ERK-likeMAPK is required sclerotia formation. We have analyzed, in parallel, the involvement of PKA in sclerotiogenesis and, interestingly, have reached some overlapping results but each group has provided a slightly different interpretation to the picture obtained. It will be interesting to see how this aspect of the analysis progresses, as we jointly tackle the yet unresloved issues. We have also made progress on the analysis of ser/thr phosphatases (specifically – calcineurin, which has been reported to interact with PKA) and PP2A in S. sclerotiorum as well as the S. sclerotiorum rasgene, which we have cloned and shown induces SMK1, the ERK-like kinase responsible for sclerotia formation. In addition to the time and efforts invested towards reaching the specific goals mentioned, both PIs are actively involved in a major international effort to sequence and annotate the entire S. sclerotiorum genome. Though time consuming (and perhaps requiring divergence of some time and resources from the original workplan), we have given this topic a very high priority to this effort as the long term implications of the success of this venture are enormous.
Enhancement of avocado pollination and productivity - an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Arpaia Mary Lu , Shafir Sharoni , Davenport Thomas , Dag Arnon
Published: March 2022

The original objective was to determine the impact of temperature on floral behavior and pollen tube growth and humidity on the proportions of self-, close, and cross-pollinated avocado fruit on trees growing in humid, coastal and dry, inland CA climates. Because self-pollination was demonstrated to be the prevailing mode of pollination in Florida cultivars in warm humid conditions, it was appropriate to determine if similar rates of self-pollination occur in a dry Mediterranean climate present in California. The conclusions of the work were that despite limiting cool temperatures present in Ventura County, where the research was conducted, self-pollination within Stage 2 flowers is the dominant mode of pollination at both the humid and dry sites. Moreover, it was determined that pollen transfer is mediated by wind and bees have a negligible role in pollen transfer. Temperatures that are marginally warm enough to allow somewhat normal floral opening and closing behavior are still insufficient to provide pollen tube growth to the ovule before abscission of the flower. These results provide the basis for understanding why growers utilizing solid block avocado plantings achieve good yields without bees.
Dynamic intraseasonal irrigation management under water scarcity, water quality, irrigation technology and environmental constraints
Authors: Tsur Yacov , Zilberman David , Shani Uri , Zemel Amos , Sunding David
Published: March 2022

In this project we studied optimal use and adoption of sophisticated irrigation technologies. The stated objectives in the original proposal were to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing intra-season timing of water application rates with implications for crop and irrigation technology selection. We proposed to base the analysis on an intra-seasonal, dynamic, agro-economic model of plants' water demand, paying special attention to contamination of groundwater and soil in intensively cultivated areas that increasingly rely on water of lesser quality. The framework developed in the project integrates (i) a bio-physical model of water flow in the vadose zone and water uptake by plants and yield response with (ii) a dynamic management model to determine the optimal intra-season irrigation policy. It consists of a dynamic optimization model to determine irrigation rates at each point of time during the growing season and aggregation relating harvested yield with accumulated water input. The detailed dynamic approach provides a description of yield production processes at the plant’s level, and serves to determine intra-season irrigation decisions. Data derived from extensive field experiments were used to calibrate the model's parameters. We use the framework to establish the substitution between irrigation technology (capital) and water inputs; this is an important property of irrigation water productivity that has been overlooked in the literature. Another important feature investigated is the possibility to substitute fresh and saline water with a minimal productivity loss. The effects of soil properties and crop characteristics on optimal technology adoption have also been studied. We find that sandy soil, with low water holding capacity, is more conducive to adoption of sophisticated drip irrigation, as compared to heavier soils in which drainage losses are significantly smaller.
Inducing sterility in farmed fish by disrupting the development of the GnRH System.
Authors: Gothilf Yoav , Zohar Yonathan , Wray Susan , Rosenfeld Hanna
Published: March 2022

Hypothalamic gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH1) is the key hormone in the control of gametogenesis and gonadal growth in vertebrates. Developmentally, hypothalamic GnRHproducing neurons originate from the olfactory placode, migrate along olfactory axons into the forebrain, and continue to the preoptic area and hypothalamus where they function to stimulate gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland. An appropriate location of GnRH neurons within the hypothalamus is necessary for normal reproductive function in the adult; abnormal migration and targeting of GnRH neurons during embryogenesis results in hypogonadism and infertility. The developmental migration of GnRH neurons and axonal pathfinding in mammals are modulated by a plethora of factors, including receptors, secreted molecules, adhesion molecules, etc. Yet the exact mechanism that controls these developmental events is still unknown. We investigated these developmental events and the underlying mechanisms using a transgenic zebrafish model, Tg(gnrh1: EGFP), in which GnRH1 neurons and axons are fluorescently labeled. The role of factors that potentially affect the development of this system was investigated by testing the effect of their knockdown and mutation on the development of the GnRH1 system. In addition, their localization in relation to GnRH1 was described during development. These studies are expected to generate the scientific foundation that will lead to developing innovative technologies, based on the disruption of the early establishment of the GnRH system, for inducing sterility in farmed fish, which is highly desirable for economical and environmental reasons.
Functional Genomics Approach to Identify Signaling Components Involved in Defense Responses Induced by the Ethylene Inducing Xyalanase Elicitor
Authors: Avni Adi , Mysore Kirankumar S.
Published: March 2022

Plant-microbe interactions involve a large number of global regulatory systems, which are essential for plants to protect themselves against pathogen attack. An ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX) of Trichoderma viride is a potent elicitor of plant defense responses, like hypersensitive response (HR), in specific cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The central goal of this proposal was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that allow plants to specifically activate defense responses after EIX treatment. We proposed to identify cellular signaling components involved in the induction of HR by the EIX elicitor. The molecular genetic analysis of the signal transduction pathway that modulates hypersensitive responses is an important step in understanding the induction of plant defense responses. The genes that mediate LeEIX2-EIX dependent activation of resistance mechanisms remain to be identified. We used two approaches to identify the cellular signaling components that induce HR mediated by the EIX elicitor. In the first approach, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using LeEix2 as bait to identify plant proteins that interact with it. In the second approach, we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for a high-throughput screen to identify genes that are required for the induction of LeEIX2-EIX mediated HR. VIGS will also be used for functional characterization of genes that will be identified during the yeast two-hybrid screen. This investigation will shed light on cellular processes and signaling components involved in induction of general plant defense against pathogens and will provide the basis for future biotechnological approaches to improve plant resistance to pathogens. Several genes were indentified by the two approaches. We used the VIGS and yeast two hybrid approaches to confirm that activity of the genes initially identified by different procedure. Two genes inhibit the induction of HR by the fungal elicitor in the different systems; Tobacco-Harpin binding protein 1 and cyclopropyl isomerase.