bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid near-infrared-activated luminescent gold nanoparticle platform for efficient cancer therapy
Authors: Yan Feihong , Li Ruiyuan , Liu Jiaxin , Yang Lulu , Liu Helin , Zhu Shengcang , Zhang Yuhui , Wang Lijun , Huang Lu , Wang Yu , Qin Yaqiang , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Xin , Wang Yuan , Zhang Jianping , Sha Yinlin , Fu Limin , Liu Zhiyong , Han Rongcheng , Jiang Yuqiang
Published: February 2025

The development of a multifunctional therapy nanoplatform is of crucial importance to tackle the complex challenges associated with cancer. Despite significant advancements in tumor treatment, the efficacy of these traditional approaches remains insufficient. Recurrence and metastasis following tumor treatment continue to represent a significant contributor to tumor-related mortality. This paper presents an improved, facile, and relatively green fabrication of (5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio) acetic acid (TMT)-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles (L-AuNP@TMT), which exhibit highly membrane-targeting capacity and superior photodynamic properties. Furthermore, in vivo tumor-bearing mouse model experiments indicated that the L-AuNP@TMT could be used as a two-photon excited nanomedicine via pyroptosis-mediated anti-tumor immunity for effectively eliminating colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common malignancy and the second deadliest cancer, without evident toxic side effects or tumor metastasis/recurrence. According to its facile and green fabrication approach, near-infrared light-activatable highly efficient photodynamic cancer therapy, and noninvasive imaging mode, this multifunctional nanoplatform offers significant advantages over traditional monotherapy techniques, providing an alternative for the precise clinical treatment of cancer.
Whole maize flour could enhance food and nutrition security in Malawi
Authors: Nakoma Ngoma Theresa , Taleon Victor , Mvumi Brighton M. , Gama Aggrey P. , Palacios-Rojas Natalia , Matumba Limbikani
Published: February 2025

Maize is the staple cereal in Malawi, with a daily per capita consumption of 383 g (dry matter basis), primarily consumed in the form of nsima, a thick porridge. We combined a milling experiment with focus group discussions (FGDs) to provide insights into mass and nutrient losses during maize grain dehulling and maize flour consumption patterns in rural Malawi. Milling batches (30 kg) of four maize grain varieties were dehulled at three abrasive disk dehullers under controlled conditions. The impact of maize variety and dehuller design on mass and nutrient losses during dehulling was statistically significant (p < 0.05), with a mean mass loss of 28.1 ± 5.7%, and nutrient losses of 9.8 ± 1.9% for protein, 61.7 ± 2.0% for zinc, and 47.7 ± 3.6% for iron. Six FGDs conducted in rural areas of Lilongwe District revealed a preference for refined flour due to convenience and cultural norms, despite the nutritional benefits of whole grain flour, which was recognized for its ability to provide satiety, particularly during periods of maize scarcity. Participants also highlighted switching between flour types based on seasonal maize availability, social stigma associated with whole grain flour, and awareness of nutrient losses during dehulling. Given Malawi’s precarious food insecurity situation, transitioning from dehulled maize flour nsima to whole maize flour or less refined nsima, is imperative. Our study findings can have food and nutritional savings for other southern Africa countries where the dehulling is a common practice.
Acoustic characterization of internal leakage in safety valves based on large eddy simulation and Möhring acoustic analogy
Authors: Zhang Yanbing , Xu Zhongyuan , Sun Zhitao , Chen Ying , Zhang Cheng
Published: February 2025

Safety valves are important overpressure protection devices in nuclear power regulators and main steam systems, and internal leakage is one of the most common forms of failure. The LES/Möhring acoustic analog method is used to study the acoustic mechanism of internal leakage in safety valves. The simulation results show that the internal leakage from the safety valve is a highly under-expanded supersonic restricted jet process accompanied by high-pressure blockage injection noise and vortex noise, which exhibits broadband characteristics. The maximum velocity of the internal leakage increases slowly with inlet pressure, and the total sound pressure level also grows slowly, in accordance with the prediction of Lighthill's U8 law. The change rule of internal leakage noise sound pressure level with distance and the results of far-field directivity show that the measurement point is arranged within 0.3 m from the leakage port, and the low-frequency signal analysis of the measurement point with an angle of 114° is the best program. The results of the study can provide theoretical guidance for the safety valve detection method based on the internal leakage noise signal analysis.
Investigation of wave height variations in the Strait of Hormuz based on numerical modeling
Authors: Ghaderi Danial
Published: February 2025

This study examines wave height and direction patterns across various sites along the northern coasts of the Strait of Hormuz (SH), a strategically important waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. The study reveals substantial seasonal and spatial variability in wave characteristics. Nine stations, spanning from the western shores of Qeshm Island to the coastal regions near Bandar Abbas, were selected to represent diverse coastal conditions and depths. The results indicate that deeper sites, such as station 3 (st3), experience maximum wave heights reaching up to 1.31 m, while sites near urbanized coasts, such as stations 8 (st8) and 9 (st9), exhibit lower wave heights due to restricted fetch. Wave direction analysis reveals that high waves predominantly approach from the east and southeast, with greater directional variability observed in spring. Seasonal wave height fluctuations are particularly notable, with higher waves typically occurring in spring and summer. These insights have practical applications in enhancing navigational safety, optimizing port operations, and informing sustainable coastal infrastructure design against varying wave forces. Furthermore, understanding these wave patterns is essential for risk assessment in marine activities such as fishing, shipping, and tourism. The innovation of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal variations in wave patterns across the SH, an area of strategic importance. This detailed assessment is vital for effective coastal management, the sustainable development of marine activities, and the preservation of coastal ecosystems.
Left ventricular assessment by 3D-echocardiography in post-COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Samy Wael , Ellathy Yasmin , Soliman Randa Aly , Zaghla Hanan , Amin Osama
Published: February 2025

Background

COVID-19 is a disease that affects multiple organs and is believed to have an impact on the function of the heart muscle. Initial findings from hospitalized COVID-19 patients indicate the presence of myocardial injury characterized by increased levels of high-sensitive troponin. The causes of myocardial damage are diverse and not completely comprehended.

Methods

A three-dimensional echocardiogram (3DE) accurately measures the volume of the left ventricle (LV) and its function, both globally and regionally. It eliminates the subjective nature of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) when evaluating irregularities in the movement of the LV walls. This study sought to assess the left ventricular systolic function in 150 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and were experiencing post-COVID symptoms such as dyspnea, palpitation, or chest discomfort using 3DE.

Results

Our investigation revealed a notable statistical correlation (p-value of > 0.001) between patients who had post-COVID-19 syndrome and reported enduring symptoms such as shortness of breath, or chest discomfort, and various 3D echocardiographic strain patterns (the mean GLS% in the cases group was − 16.06 ± 4.36, whereas in the control group it was − 17.9 ± 2.57). Subclinical myocardial dysfunction, as shown by a decrease in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), is common in over 85% of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. However, more commonly observed indicators of left ventricular (LV) function, such as lower ejection fraction (EF) and anomalies in wall motion, were less frequently found.

Conclusion

Our study findings suggest that persons who developed symptoms such as difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, or chest pain following their recovery from COVID-19 exhibited a reduction in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) as measured by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Ongoing research is focused on determining the mechanism of heart damage in COVID-19 infection.
On the Design of a Regulatory System
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick A. , Richards Tyler
Published: February 2025

We briefly describe the structure of a regulatory system that alleviates many of the problems that arise when elected officials delegate rulemaking authority to government agencies. These problems include principal-agent issues, monopoly provision, information asymmetry, and tragedy of the commons. This structure better aligns the incentives of regulators with those of legislators and with the well-being of the public. We intend the solutions and process structure presented here not to serve as a collection of proposed changes but as guideposts for those hoping to make any part of the regulatory system better attuned to the needs of the populace.
The law of the four poles: legal pluralism and resistance in climate adaptation
Authors: Brink Ebba , Vargas Falla Ana Maria , Boyd Emily
Published: February 2025

Mounting climate-related floods, fires, droughts and storms across the globe raise crucial questions about the role of law in adjudicating rights and obligations. While climate litigation attracts scholarly attention, vulnerable populations often lack the means to use formal laws and courts. We draw on ethnographic interviews conducted in 2022 in the city of Cartagena, Colombia, to study how residents of informal settlements exposed to flooding resist exclusionary climate adaptation laws. The findings show how formal law has exacerbated differential climate vulnerability, and resulted in “seawalls for the rich, relocation (and stalled adaptation) for the poor.” In this context, residents claim land in risk-zones through a local rule system known as “the law of the four poles.” We argue that by challenging the legality of the state, and creating a rival legal order that better represents locally identified interests and entitlements, they are claiming a political voice in climate adaptation. We advance theory in both climate adaptation and sociology of law and discuss how the law can better reflect not only the science behind climate change but also the interest and needs of marginalized communities.
TWO EMENDATIONS ON STATIUS, THEBAID BOOK 6
Authors: Puente Gamero Pablo
Published: February 2025

This note discusses two places in Statius’ Thebaid (6.22 and 6.224), in which the transmitted text may be improved, and proposes new emendations.
Sepoys, Slavery and the Global Colour Line: The Indian Uprising of 1857 in Southern US Newspapers
Authors: NARAYAN ROSALYN
Published: February 2025

Within southern US newspapers, the Indian Uprising of 1857 was reported and read across a global colour line, which posited the superiority of whiteness against the “darker races,” thereby developing a framework through which white Southerners could amplify their own internal fears about the possibility of slave rebellion. News printed in southern newspapers about the events in India can be seen through a lens of the South's racial hierarchy and can also be analysed as part of a wider global system of nineteenth-century white supremacy. Despite Anglophobia and fear of abolitionists, southern enslavers could also find it within themselves to support the British when it came to the maintenance of a global hierarchy of whiteness. The news from India could be read as a form of contextual substitution, in which southern slaveholders could see perceived racial parallels between themselves and the British in India, and between the “darker races” of the world, whether that was the enslaved African American or the Indian Sepoy.
Digenean life cycle truncation has enabled the opportunistic exploitation of herbivorous fishes
Authors: Huston D.C. , Cutmore S.C. , Cribb T.H.
Published: February 2025

New, well-known and predicted life cycles for trematodes of the Haploporoidea (Haploporidae and Emprostiotrematidae) and three families of the Lepocreadioidea (Enenteridae, Gorgocephalidae, Gyliauchenidae) involve encystment of the metacercaria in the open (usually on vegetation) followed by ingestion by a range of herbivorous or detritivorous fishes. These life cycles appear among relatively highly derived plagiorchiidan trematodes in which three-host life cycles incorporating an animal second intermediate host are dominant. We hypothesise that the two-host life cycles in the Haploporoidea and Lepocreadioidea arose by secondary truncation of a three-host cycle; the second intermediate host was lost in favour of encystment in the open. Modification of a three-host life cycle effective for the infection of carnivores is consistent with the understanding that fishes arose as carnivores and that multiple lineages have secondarily become detritivores and herbivores. Four of the five trematode families involved infect fishes relating to multiple orders, suggesting a complex history of host-switching. In contrast, the Gorgocephalidae, the smallest of the families, has been found only in a single family, Kyphosidae. The timing of the evolutionary events leading to this putative life cycle truncation is yet to be deduced, but the rich developing understanding of the history of the fishes creates a strong template for future analysis.
A New Dawn for Philosophy? The Case for En Hedu’Anna of Mesopotamia
Authors: Waithe Mary Ellen
Published: February 2025

This article is the text of a Plenary Session lecture presented at the World Congress of Philosophy, Rome, 2024. In it I argue that archaeological evidence shows that the first written philosophy originated not in Greece, India, or China as is commonly believed, but, in Sumer, Mesopotamia, approximately 2600 BCE. The author, En Hedu’Anna, was a woman. I describe four writings by her, distinguish her views from then-prevailing Mesopotamian views about a variety of philosophic concepts and topics. I discuss her contributions to cosmology, scientific method, philosophy of religion, and principles of justice, amongst others. I relate her views on the just treatment of prisoners of war, transgenderism, and other seemingly contemporary philosophical issues. Lastly, I summarize evidence for what today would be called her Curriculum Vitae and her Impact Factor.
Screening For Critical Congenital Heart Disease Using Pulse-Oximetry, The First Egyptian Multicentre Study
Authors: Eltahlawi Mohammad , Elghamrawy Alaa , Elsayed Maiy Hamdy , Hafez Mona , Elmesiry Asmaa , Bayomy Mohamed , Adel Hani , Elfayoumy Mahmoud , Hafez Sahbaa , Morsy Said , Elhady Mahmoud , Nashy Baher , Abo Elela Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Background:

Congenital heart Disease (CHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulse-oximetry is a good non-invasive simple tool for critical CHD screening. Implications of this tool may be possible in certain areas and non-practical in others. We aim to report on the preliminary results of a recent ongoing protocol concerning the use of pulse-oximetry in detecting critical CHD in newborn in Egypt.

Patients & Methods:

All neonates born in or transferred to 10 university hospitals during the period between February and November 2023 and fulfilled the criteria of inclusion were screened for critical CHD by pulse-oximetry using Granelli protocol in the first 24–72 hours after birth.

Results:

During a 10-month pilot period, a total of 2392 neonates were screened. A total of 549 neonates (23%) tested positive (failed) screening. Among the positive cases, 213 neonates (42%) died during their hospital stay, while the remaining were discharged or scheduled for intervention. The positive cases underwent echocardiography that revealed CHD in the majority of cases (80.3%). Only 40 cases of those cases had cardiac defects that are classified as critical CHD with a prevalence of 16.7 per 1000 live births, while the rest of the cases have either simple (non-critical CHD) or persistent pulmonary hypertension. About 19.7% of positive cases have completely free echocardiograms without cardiac defects.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of critical CHD in Egypt is higher than the mean worldwide prevalence. The introduction of pulse-oximetry as a mass screening tool for critical CHD is possible and effective in low-income countries.
A simple indicator for climate-related transition risks of bank lending
Authors: Bokor László
Published: February 2025

We propose a simple indicator for the climate-related transition risks of bank lending based on transaction-level loan data. The underlying idea is that the higher the greenhouse gas intensity of an economic activity, and thus that of the debtor involved, the higher its transition risk. The relationship is mapped through two min-max-normalised functions, each of which represents a scenario for the future characteristics of the green transition. The concept is versatile and applicable to different dimensions at different levels of aggregation (banking system or individual banks, whole economy or specific sectors). As a practical example, we discuss the proposed indicator using Hungarian data for the period 2012–2020.
Climate Warming and Deglaciation Drive New Peat Formation in the Southern Alps, Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Fewster R. E. , Swindles G. T. , Carrivick J. L. , Gałka M. , Roland T. P. , McKeown M. , Sutherland J. L. , Tweed F. , Mullan D. , Graham C. , Gallego‐Sala A. , Morris P. J.
Published: February 2025

Nascent peatlands represent an emerging, nature‐based carbon sink in the global climate system. A warming climate and changing precipitation regime could drive peat initiation beyond the current latitudinal and altitudinal boundaries of the peatland bioclimatic envelope, through increases in plant productivity and moisture availability, with potential implications for global radiative forcing. However, contemporaneous observations of new peat formation remain scarce. We investigate peat initiation within the deglaciating Rob Roy valley in the Southern Alps, Aotearoa/New Zealand. We find that montane peats have developed across the head of the valley since ∼1949 C.E., coinciding with regional climate warming and glacial retreat. Further, we identify a common ecological succession, characterized by a rise in brown mosses (mainly Bryum) beginning around ∼1963 C.E. Our findings indicate the potential for wider peat expansion in increasingly warm and wet montane landscapes. However, further bioclimatic modeling is required to elucidate where future peatland developments may occur.
Enhancing Sea Ice Concentration Resolution in a Northern Sea Route Strait Using a Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Rocha M. L. , Lynch A. H. , Bergen K. J.
Published: February 2025

Straits are strategically and economically vital due to their role as maritime choke points, controlling access to regions and resources. This is particularly pertinent in the Arctic, where navigability along critical shipping routes relies on access through straits that are frequently ice impacted. With the retreat of Arctic sea ice under anthropogenic climate change, scenarios using CMIP6 projections have the potential to provide valuable insights into future maritime accessibility regimes. However, typical climate model spatial resolutions limit the capacity to represent Arctic straits accurately. This study introduces a novel approach, the sea Ice Concentration Enhancement Generative Adversarial Network (ICE‐GAN), to enhance the spatial resolution of sea ice concentration (SIC) in Vilkitsky Strait, a passage along the Northern Sea Route (NSR). By employing the ICE‐GAN model, the spatial resolution is functionally increased from to . The approach is prototyped using ERA5 Reanalysis training data to predict ice cover for 2021 and 2022. The results indicate that the ICE‐GAN method outperforms, across multiple metrics, standard interpolation techniques such as Nearest Neighbor Interpolation and Bilinear Interpolation, both used in maritime accessibility models, as well as the super‐resolution convolutional neural network, the best practice method for super‐resolution in SIC. Importantly, the approach is robust to the non‐stationarity of the sea ice record. Moreover, by incorporating a physics‐informed approach into the ICE‐GAN, the model is able to further improve the accurate representation of sea ice cover in the studied Strait.
BRD1 deficiency affects SREBF1-related lipid metabolism through regulating H3K9ac/H3K9me3 transition to inhibit HCC progression
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Bai Jing , Yuan Hengye , Duan Xiaojun , Yu Lei , Li Yu , Li Kexin , Rile Saqi , Wang Xinran , Wang Haisheng , Liu Pengxia , Yan Jia , Wang Changshan
Published: February 2025

BRD1 encodes a protein containing a bromodomain, which is an essential component of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. These complexes play a crucial role in the regulation of gene transcription and the modification of chromatin structures. The aberrant expression of BRD1 is frequently observed across a range of cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). However, the precise mechanisms through which BRD1 contributes to tumorigenesis, especially in HCC, remain unclear. In our investigation, we have uncovered a novel role for BRD1 as an oncogene implicated the regulation of lipid metabolism in HCC progression. Specifically, the deficiency of BRD1 impedes the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells reducing the accumulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol levels. This effect is mediated through the SREBF1-induced downregulation of SCD1 expression in HCC cells. Mechanistically, the ablation of BRD1 disrupts acetylation level of H3K9, culminating in the subsequent trimethylation of H3K9 (H3K9me3). Notably, the H3K14ac partially colocalizes with H3K9me3 and its methyltransferase SETDB1 to from a double labeling of both H3K14ac and H3K9me3 at the SREBF1 promoter. This double labeling contributes to the creation of a repressive environment, ultimately leading to the downregulation of SREBF1 gene expression in HCC. Furthermore, the combinatorial use of a BRD1 inhibitor and simvastatin augments antitumor efficacy in vivo. Collectively, our findings underscore BRD1 as a critical regulator of SREBF1-associated lipid metabolism and a participant in HCC progression through a distinct epigenetic regulatory mechanism. These discoveries further suggest a promising epigenetic therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC.
The Big Bang of an epidemic: a metapopulation approach to identify the spatiotemporal origin of contagious diseases and their universal spreading pattern
Authors: Babazadeh Maghsoodlo Yazdan , Safaeesirat Amin , Ghanbarnejad Fakhteh
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework that governs the evolution of epidemic dynamics, encompassing both intra-population dynamics and inter-population mobility within a meta-population network. By linearizing this dynamical system, we can identify the spatial starting point(s), namely the source(s) and the initiation time of the epidemic, which we refer to as the “Big Bang” of the epidemic. Furthermore, we introduce a novel concept of effective distance to track disease spread within the network. Our analysis reveals that the contagion geometry can be represented as a line with a universal slope, for any disease type (R0) or mobility network configuration. The mathematical derivations presented in this framework are corroborated by empirical data, including observations from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran and the US and the H1N1 outbreak worldwide. Within this framework, to detect the Big Bang of an epidemic we require two types of data: (1) A snapshot of the active infected cases in each subpopulation during the linear phase. (2) A coarse-grained representation of inter-population mobility. Also even with access to only the first type of data, we can still demonstrate the universal contagion geometric pattern. Additionally, we can estimate errors and assess the precision of the estimations. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of when and where epidemics began and how they spread. It equips us with valuable insights for developing effective public health policies and mitigating the impact of infectious diseases on populations worldwide.
Harnessing 3D microarchitecture of pterosaur bone using multi-scale X-ray CT for aerospace material design
Authors: Pili Nathan , Lowe Tristan J. , Margetts Lee , Pickup Kevin , Sellers William I. , Nicholls Emma L. , Withers Philip J. , Manning Phillip L.
Published: February 2025

Pterosaurs were the largest animals to have achieved powered flight in the history of life on Earth, possessing wingspans akin to some modern light aircraft. Vertebrate fossils have shown their potential to retain information on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of precursor bone. However, the fossil record is not a traditional source of inspiration for engineers to create palaeo-bioinspired designs. To explore its potential, this study has imaged the three-dimensional porosity of pterosaur bone intending to inspire and improve the mechanical properties of aerospace materials. Historically, two-dimensional histological analysis has resolved fine-scale structures in fossilised bone, which damages the sample. By applying advanced X-ray imaging techniques in this study (using Image Quality Indicators) we show it is possible to non-destructively resolve/verify the microarchitecture of pterosaur bone not previously seen in three dimensions. Pterosaur bone porosity has helped map the macroscopic stresses of this biomaterial but ultimately presents an opportunity to inspire advanced manufactured materials. This microarchitecture of bone offers a unique geometry where self-healing materials with internal monitoring systems can be developed. The iterative process of Darwinian natural selection has evolved multiple engineering solutions that can be reverse engineered to solve challenges facing industry in the 21st Century.
Host-specific targets of Histomonas meleagridis antigens revealed by immunoprecipitation
Authors: de Jesus Ramires Marcelo , Hummel Karin , Hatfaludi Tamas , Hess Michael , Bilic Ivana
Published: February 2025

Histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan parasite responsible for histomonosis (syn. Blackhead disease, histomoniasis), presents an increasing challenge for poultry health, particularly with the ban of licensed prophylactic and treatment options. Recent studies have explored H. meleagridis proteome, exoproteome, and surfaceome, linking molecular data to virulence and in vitro attenuation. Nevertheless, proteins involved in interactions with hosts remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted immunoproteome analyses to identify key antigens involved in the humoral immune response of the parasite’s main hosts, turkeys and chickens. Immunogenic proteins were isolated via immunoprecipitation using sera from chickens and turkeys that were vaccinated with a single attenuated strain and challenged with virulent strains of the protozoan, respectively. Mass spectrometry identified 155 putative H. meleagridis immunogenic proteins, of which 43 were recognized by sera from both hosts. In silico antigenicity screening (VaxElan) identified 33 pan-reactive antigens, with VaxiDL further highlighting 10 as potential vaccine candidates. Comparative analysis revealed host-specific immune responses, with 16 differential immunogenic proteins in chickens (6 specific to virulent and 10 to attenuated preparations) and 19 unique proteins in turkeys, all associated with virulent strains. These results enhance our understanding of H. meleagridis immunogenic protein dynamics and host-pathogen specificities, supporting the development of improved diagnostic tools and potential protective measures against the infection.
Intracellular protein ligation and polyprotein synthesis using an asparaginyl endopeptidase core
Authors: Liu Renming , Qiu Jun , Huang Yifen , Wang Ziyi , Zheng Peng
Published: February 2025

An intracellular protein ligation system using a truncated variant of OaAEP1 (OaAEP1 core) to ligate and polymerize Ig domains in E. coli is developed, enabling real-time polyprotein synthesis without enzyme activation and external ligation.
Quantum state-to-state dynamics of C(3P) + H2(X1Σg+) → CH(2Π) + H(2S) reaction based on a new CH2 (X3A′′) potential energy surface
Authors: Zhao Juan , Yue Daguang , Liu Dong , Gao Shang , Wang Lifei , Zhang Lulu
Published: February 2025

3D vibrational state-resolved DCS results. (a) DCS1 corresponds to small J (0 ≤ J ≤ 38) partial waves. (b) DCS2 corresponds to large J (39 ≤ J ≤ 58) partial waves. (c) Total DCS summed over all partial waves (0 ≤ J ≤ 58) for comparison.
Active learning high coverage sets of complementary reaction conditions
Authors: Sivilotti Sofia L. , Friday David M. , Jackson Nicholas E.
Published: February 2025

Complimentary reaction conditions can cover more reactant space than a single general reaction condition. We present an active learning algorithm to rapidly discover these high coverage sets of complimentary reaction conditions.
Development of bionanocomposite packaging films based on lignin nanoencapsulated anthocyanins extracted from agro-waste for enhancing the post-harvest shelf life of tomatoes
Authors: Meenu Maninder , Pujari Anil Kumar , Kirar Seema , Mansi  , Thakur Aniket , Garg Monika , Bhaumik Jayeeta
Published: February 2025

Anthocyanin, a natural pigment from the flavonoid family, can be useful as a natural functional ingredient in the packaging industry.
Improving the performance of floating gate phototransistor memory with perovskite nanocrystals embedded in fluorinated polyamic acids
Authors: Wu Wei-En , Cao You-Wei , Hsu Yu-Chih , Lin Yan-Cheng , Yu Yang-Yen
Published: February 2025

This study develops a fluorinated PAA-perovskite hybrid for transistor-based photomemory, enhancing structural and electrical performance.
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of substituted cinnamic acid esters to synthesize methylsulfonyl-derived phenylalanine
Authors: Ju Chunzhi , Wang Peng , Kong Lingkai , Cai Jisheng , Zhang Guangliang , Zhang Suoqin
Published: February 2025

Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-benzamidocinnamic acid esters was studied to establish an effective approach for synthesizing methylsulfonyl-substituted phenylalanine.
Construction of hydrophilic-and-cationic metalloporphyrin-based polymers for electrocatalytic small molecule activation
Authors: Song Dengmeng , Zhou Chunyu , Wang Yujia , Xia Li , Xue Dan , Li Jun , Wang Ning
Published: February 2025

The cationic viologen-based metalloporphyrin polymers exhibit excellent hydrophilicity. With varied metal centers, three M-MV polymers specifically catalyze HER, OER, and NO2−RR in aqueous solutions.
Synthesis and characterization of neutral and cationic 1-tris(pyrazolyl)borate organo-beryllium complexes
Authors: Berthold Chantsalmaa , Stebens Gilles , Butschke Burkhard , Bischoff Inga-Alexandra , Schäfer André , Ding Chengxiang , Pan Sudip , Buchner Magnus R.
Published: February 2025

A series of trispyrazolylborato beryllium organyls was used to analyse the Be–C bond through a combination of experimental work and quantum chemical calculations. This showed that distinction into covalent, ionic or dative bonds is a pure formalism.
Enantioselective modular synthesis of α-aryl-α-heteroaryl aminonitriles with parts per million organocatalyst loading: mechanistic investigation for stereochemical origins
Authors: Oyamada Yusuke , Ishikawa Kaito , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki , Nakamura Shuichi
Published: February 2025

An enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of iminonitriles gave chiral α-aryl-α-heteroarylaminonitriles in high yield with good enantioselectivity. Pyrrole and indole additions produced different stereochemistries under the same chiral catalyst, explained by DFT.
First principles study of double perovskites Li2AgAsX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam M. , Younas Bisma , Ayyaz Ahmad , Aljameel A. I. , Alotaibi Saud , Bouzgarrou S. , Ali Syed Kashif , Mahmood Q. , Boukhris Imed , Al-Buriahi M. S.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to provide a theoretical examination of the structural, electronic, optical, transport, and mechanical characteristics of Li2AgAsX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) to check their potential for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.
Bioactive polyketides from cultures of the entomopathogenic fungus Hypocrella luteola TBRC-BCC 76666
Authors: Kornsakulkarn Jittra , Auncharoen Patchanee , Noisripoom Wasana , Mongkolsamrit Suchada , Thongpanchang Chawanee
Published: February 2025

Six new polyketides (1–6) and two new naturally occurring compounds (7–8), along with seven known compounds, were isolated from the culture extracts of the entomopathogenic fungus Hypocrella luteola strain TBRC-BCC 76666.
Unveiling the efficacy and mechanism of chlortetracycline degradation by MnFeCu-LDH/GO activating of peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Shi Dongfeng , Mao Xiyin , Fei Min , Liang Cong , Luo Yuyang , Xu Zhidan , Hu Liyong
Published: February 2025

This study demonstrates the efficient removal of chlortetracycline (CTC) from water using MnFeCu-LDH/GO activated PMS, achieving 91.18% degradation within 30 minutes with excellent reusability, offering a sustainable solution to antibiotic pollution.
Photocatalytic hydrocarbon production from aqueous acetic acid using TiO2 with simultaneous photodeposition of Cu
Authors: Uzzaman Monir , Furukawa Mai , Tateishi Ikki , Katsumata Hideyuki , Afrin Mst. Farhana , Kaneco Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic techniques are considered clean, sustainable and cost-effective in energy conversion and environmental restoration.
Preparation, single-crystal structure and room-temperature phosphorescence of a covalent organic polymer containing Te–O–P bonds
Authors: Xue Miaomiao , Ye Guigui , Zhang Lei , Dong Qiang , Lee Chun-Sing , Li Zhen , Zhang Qichun
Published: February 2025

CityU-21, a covalent organic polymer (COP), forms room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) single-crystals with a stable pseudo-2D framework. It's the first RTP single-crystal COP and remains its crystallinity and RTP character in various solvents.
Metallacycle-cored luminescent ionic liquid crystals with trigonal symmetry
Authors: Chen Long , Cao Yu , Huo Haohui , Lu Shuai , Hou Yali , Tan Tianyi , Li Xiaopeng , Liu Feng , Zhang Mingming
Published: February 2025

The phase separation between blue tri(ethyl glycol) units and red alkyl chains regulated the metallacycle packing into the p3m1 hexagonal phase, generating the first macrocycle-based liquid crystal with high luminescence and good ionic conductivity.
Single-molecule-level detection of interfacial molecular structures and ultrafast dynamics
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxuan , Tan Junjun , Pei Quanbing , Luo Yi , Ye Shuji
Published: February 2025

Single-molecule-level structural and ultrafast vibrational dynamics measurements have been achieved by ultrafast time-resolved sum-frequency spectroscopy with nanocavities fabricated from nanoparticles-on-mirror (NPoM).
Facially amphiphilic skeleton-derived antibacterial crown ether/silver ion complexes
Authors: Wang Qingsheng , Huang Wen , Sun Qian , Le Mengqi , Cai Lili , Jia Yong-Guang
Published: February 2025

Silver and its derivatives have been widely explored for their antibacterial properties in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Unraveling the Efficacy of Defect Engineered Mesoporous Ni-Co Spinel Oxide Nanowires as Energy Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Das Debarati , Pal Manodip , SARMA MRIDUSMITA , Pathak Ankita , Bahadur Jitendra , Annadata Harshini V , Kharwar Yashwant Pratap , Srinivasu K. , Dutta Arnab , Sudarshan Kathi
Published: February 2025

Defect engineering and morphology control are crucial in designing advanced transition metal oxide (TMO)-based electrocatalysts with superior activity towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). Following this blueprint, one-dimensional mesoporous Ni-Co oxide...
Probing the high radiation tolerance of minor actinide selective zirconium phosphonate sorbents
Authors: Cataldo Taren , Charpentier Thibault , Landrot Gautier , Chua Stephanie , Bedford Nicholas M. , Veliscek-Carolan Jessica , Le Caër Sophie
Published: February 2025

Our results demonstrate that zirconium phosphonate sorbents maintain their structure and minor actinide selectivity after a 2 MGy irradiation dose.
Hierarchical porous Co-rich PtCo thin films for alkaline seawater hydrogen evolution with chlorine corrosion resistance
Authors: Zhang Meilin , Cui Hanzhong , Yang Zhou , Yan Jie , Zhang Jin , Ma Huan , Guan Renguo
Published: February 2025

The creation of cost-effective and efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution in seawater is highly desirable, yet it still poses considerable challenges.
Competitive adsorption strategy for adsorbed intermediates boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Ding Yupei , Zhu Jie , Jiang Minxia , Zhan Xiaowan , Qin Jinwen , Jiang Xue , Wang Shuaifeng , Meng Tao , Cao Minhua
Published: February 2025

A competitive adsorption strategy was proposed to regulate the strong interaction between the active sites and hydroxyl intermediates by introducing highly oxyphilic species into RuSe2, thus enabling highly efficient alkaline HER performance.
Metallic Nanomaterials in Parkinson's Disease: A Transformative Approach for Early Detection and Targeted Therapy
Authors: Mansour Amira , Hossam Eldin Mariam , El-Sherbiny Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegeneration where there is substantial dopaminergic neurons loss in the substantia nigra, causing both motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly impact the quality of...
Gradient aerosol chemical vapor deposition (GA-CVD) for vertically graded thin films of MoxW1−xS2 and WxMo1−xS2
Authors: Barde Abraham , Al-Jurani Huda Salam , Ward-O’Brien Brendan , Buckingham Mark A. , Cernik Robert , Lewis David J.
Published: February 2025

We report the first gradient aerosol chemical vapor deposition approach to fabricate vertically graded MoxW1−xS2 and WxMo1−xS2 thin films.
Sustainable two-step polyelectrolyte complex for flame retardant nylon-cotton fabric
Authors: Petkovska Jovana , Radoičić Marija , Marković Darka , Rodriguez-Melendez Danixa , Smith Dallin L. , Iverson Ethan T. , Dimova Vesna , Radetić Maja , Grunlan Jaime C. , Jordanov Igor
Published: February 2025

A biopolymer-based flame-retardant coating composed of egg white proteins, pectin, and guanidine phosphate is applied to nylon-cotton fabric using a simple two-step, water-based technique.
Electrochemical energy storage enhanced by intermediate layer stacking of heteroatom-enriched covalent organic polymers in exfoliated graphene
Authors: Upreti Bharat Bhushan , Samui Surajit , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: February 2025

Rational design and successful implementation of a heteroatom-enriched covalent organic polymer combined with exfoliated graphene has been applied towards the development of supercapacitors.
Recent advances in the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles via Rh(iii)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C–H activation/annulation with diazo compounds
Authors: Liu Jidan , Liang Ruilian , Yan Qinglian , Zheng Liyao , Liu Zhao-Qing , Pu Shouzhi
Published: February 2025

The advancements in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles via Rh(iii)-catalyzed chelation-assisted tandem C–H activation/carbene insertion/annulation with diazo compounds as carbene precursors have been summarized.
High-precision optical thermometry using Pr3+-doped NaCaY(MoO4)3 luminophores: a multi-spectral and chromaticity-based approach to non-contact temperature sensing
Authors: Aly Taleb Zein El Abidine , Saidi Kamel , Dammak Mohamed
Published: February 2025

High-precision optical thermometry using Pr3+-doped NaCaY(MoO4)3 luminophores.
Neutron, X-ray diffraction, DSC, Raman, Mössbauer and leaching studies of iron phosphate glasses and crystalline phases
Authors: Dadwal Kajal , Fábián Margit , Tolnai Istvan , Sharma Suruchi , Kaur Rajinder , Gracheva Maria , Kovács Krisztina , Klencsár Zoltán , Khanna Atul
Published: February 2025

xFe2O3–(100 − x)P2O5 glasses were synthesized by melt quenching and structure–property correlation studies were carried.
Simultaneous active and reactive power market consideration of uncertainty in wind farms
Authors: Shamani Morteza , Akbari Foroud Asghar , Ahmadi Hamed
Published: February 2025

As the number of wind turbines increase, those units like others would contribute to active power in a competitive market. Also, with development in power electronics, those units like others are able to produce reactive power and therefore can participate in reactive power market. Meanwhile, high degrees of uncertainty and prediction error are associated with this type of producing units. Due to the relationship between active and reactive power generation, this uncertainty affects both active and reactive power markets and deprives those units of the opportunity to participate in both markets. Therefore, providing an accurate model of participation in the active and reactive power market, considering the existing uncertainty and its related forecasting errors, will help those units to be able to compete with others in the active and reactive power market. In addition, the proposed model should consider the interaction between active and reactive power markets and the conditions for their simultaneous implementation. In addition, the ability of wind units to impose market power is decreased by presenting a new market power index for reactive power generation. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated by implementing on 24‐node IEEE RTS grid.
Modeling of absorption of microwave radiation of various frequencies by objects by composite filament
Authors: Zlobina Irina , Bekrenev Nikolay , Ignatiev Maxim
Published: February 2025

The paper demonstrates that exposing cured phase change materials (PCMs) to a microwave electromagnetic field after treatment significantly enhances their physical and mechanical properties. This method can be applied to three-dimensional printing objects composed of composite filaments. Through a full factorial experiment, it was determined that the radiation power absorbed by the material has the most significant impact on the efficiency of microwave exposure on cured PCMs. This absorbed power is heavily influenced by the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of the components, the surface area of the object, its thickness, and the microwave flux density energy. The influence of these factors on the absorbed power of microwave radiation was simulated for various combinations of dielectric parameters and exposure frequencies.
Investigation of numerical methods in combustion theory
Authors: Lopatin Oleg P.
Published: February 2025

The analysis of numerical methods in combustion theory considered in this paper allows us to find the optimal solution of systems of differential equations of kinetics of complex chemical reactions and provides an opportunity to obtain information on: - options for solving mechanisms at known values of velocity constants for various stages of a complex reaction; - on the concentration values of all components as a function of time throughout the reaction for each of the considered mechanism. Therefore, a comparison of calculated and experimental concentration values is possible for any component and any time intervals available for the experiment. The degree of sensitivity of the mechanism to changes in the rate constants of individual reaction stages and their various groups, as well as the degree of sensitivity to variations in reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, initial composition, etc.) of the mathematical model corresponding to the mechanism under consideration. It is essential that such a study can be conducted without any additional experimental data.
Experimental evaluation of traction characteristics of the multi-support irrigation machine "Kuban-LK1"
Authors: Ryazantsev Anatoly , Evseev Evgeny , Antipov Alexey , Malko Igor
Published: February 2025

The article proves that the optimization of the running gear parameters for the multi-support irrigation machine "Kuban-LK1" is based on optimizing the "rain - irrigation surface - irrigation machine" system, which determines the energy-traction properties of the machine. The paper examines the influence of soil adhesion and the height of soil grousers (depending on wear) of the pneumatic tires on the machine's trolleys on the aforementioned characteristics. Laboratory research data is presented, indicating the practical absence of soil sticking to the tires due to its washoff by the force impact of artificial rain. It is pointed out that the irrigation machine provides the necessary energy-traction properties across the entire range of irrigation rates. A slight decrease in these properties is observed at increased water supply rates (400 m³/ha and above), while an increase is noted when changing the direction and height of the soil grousers.
Simulation of technological process of aerosol wood impregnation
Authors: Shamaev Vladimir , Medvedev Iliya , Russu Aleksander , Trubnikov Nikolai , Khvorykh Aleksander , Malikov Valeriy , Garkusha Oksana
Published: February 2025

The process of impregnation of timber bars using a dispersed antifriction compound is studied. An air flow, containing inclusions of impregnating liquid, is formed in a special installation. The flow moves mainly in the direction of the fibers. Deposition of liquid particles on the surface of the porous system of wood takes place during this process. A description of a pilot installation performing aerosol impregnation process is presented. Technical conditions of its work to create the optimal content of Biol grease in hardwood specimens are specified. A mathematical model for the non-stationary adsorption of particles of aerodisperse mixture on the surface of a porous wood matrix has been developed, based on the mechanics of multiphase systems. The analysis of the mathematical model for one-dimensional approximation is carried out. It is shown that the calculated averaged values of the volume concentration of precipitated liquid component for different values of wood initial porosity are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The formulated mathematical models enable to predict the distribution dynamics of parameters for aerosol wood impregnation process along the specimen length depending on the operating characteristics and average value of initial wood porosity.
Structural implementation of a beamforming module for active phased array antennas
Authors: Slavyansky Andrey , Zhdanov Eduard , Kharina Olga , Shpak Alexander
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of research to determine the requirements for the construction of subarray elements of active electronically scanned array (AESA), as well as the results of their practical implementation. A radio engineering concept for constructing an AESA has been proposed, and the design of the AESA elements has been selected and justified. The results obtained are of great importance for the development of modern microelectronics technologies in the field of providing a highspeed radio communication channel with aircraft.