bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of intracranial vessels and Simulation of cerebral blood flow
Authors: Yan Yingying , Ke Li , Du Qiang , Ding Xiaodi , Chen Jia
Published: September 2020

The stable regulation of cerebral blood flow plays an important role in the normal operation of brain function. The disturbance of cerebral blood flow automatic regulation will lead to brain injury and lead to cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, it is of practical clinical significance to study the fine modeling of intracranial blood vessels. First of all, based on the anatomic structure of the intracranial blood vessels, the above sagittal sinus vein, sigmoid sinus, superior petrosal sinus, transverse sinus and cerebral arterial circle were mainly modeled, the three-dimensional model of cerebral blood flow is constructed. Secondly, the three-dimensional model is given conductivity characteristics. Through the expansion and contraction of cerebral blood vessels to simulate the self-regulation of cerebral blood flow, the simulation method of cerebral blood flow impedance is studied. When the blood flow changes, the brain impedance is calculated. The simulation data shows that the change trend of the electric potential and the whole brain impedance of the outer layer of the brain is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the impedance curves and changes calculated by the brain model in this study are consistent with the measured impedance results, which shows that the modeling method in this paper is precise and effective, and provides a theoretical basis for further study of cerebral blood flow problems.
Effect of Senolytic to alleviating Osteoporosis in Mice induced by Retinoic Acid
Authors: Liu Jia , Xiao Yazhe , Xie Jing , He Lian
Published: September 2020

Senolytic is a potential new anti-aging drug, and it is worth exploring whether it has an inhibitory effect on osteoporosis. Osteoporosis models in mice were established by gavage of retinoic acid(RA), and Senolytic drugs (dasatinib and quercetin) were used to treat for 8w. Serological indexes were measured, and bone mineral density was detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, then parameters of trabecular bone were quantified by μCT, by which three-dimensional images of lumbar trabecular bone were rebuild for comprehensive analysis. In osteoporosis model mice the content of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase in mice were increased, the bone mineral density decreased, bone volume fraction and trabecular number decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation increased significantly. After applying the Senolytic drug, the serum calcium of group A and B were significantly lower than that of the blank control group. The alkaline phosphatase content in the two groups was (272.5±42.7)U/L and (258.4±90.2)U/L, which was also significantly lower than that in the blank control group (389.0±31.1)U/L. After the treatment of Senolytic, the bone mineral density of group A and group B were improved, the bone volume fraction were increased compared with the blank control group. The trabecular bone separation of the two groups was significantly reduced. Therefore, these reduced osteoporosis. From our study, it can be confirmed that the senolytic drug has a certain alleviating effect on osteoporosis.
Characterization of organic matter in sauce-aroma Chinese liquors by GC-MS and high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Song Yue , Xie Lingyuan , Li Jiahao , Shen Zhouyang
Published: September 2020

In this study, a total of 25 main compounds of three sauce-aroma Chinese liquors were identified by GC-MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and 6 of them (methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, ethyl linoleate, methyl oleate, and ethyl oleate) were speculated to be characteristic substances of the Maotai series with sauce-aroma type. This study aims to find out the characteristic fingerprint of Chinese liquor and provide a new way for the rapid identification of liquor type and quality. Further experiments are needed to verify the suppose.
Food Physical Processing Technology and its Basic Framework
Authors: Tianfei Dong
Published: September 2020

During the development of traditional food processing technology, there are great challenges in actual processing efficiency and product quality, which also makes the application of modern physical technology one of the effective measures to solve the above challenges. To this end, the relevant departments and staff need to strengthen the research emphasis on food physical processing technology. This article summarizes the problems faced by my country’s food industry based on previous work experience, and discusses the basic framework of food physical processing technology from two aspects of physical methods and food processing methods.
Evaluation and analysis of uncertainty of wet expansion measurement of ceramic brick
Authors: Weizhe Chen
Published: September 2020

With the continuous and high-speed growth of economy, people's requirements on product quality are increasing year by year, including ceramic brick products, which, as a typical building materials product, are widely used in all kinds of buildings of different sizes.Quality of brick of pottery and porcelain products mainly in the form of through the examination and evaluation, the uncertainty of measurement as an important part of the test results, is an important parameter characterization of the reliability of the measurement result, therefore, this article analyzes the brick of pottery and porcelain wet expand sources of uncertainty in measurement, using the measurement results and related data, the uncertainty of the measurement result was evaluated.
Determination and Calculation of Phase Equilibrium for Aqueous Ternary System (NH2)2CO+KCl+H2O at 283.15K
Authors: Hu Xue , Li Tianxiang , Wang Ruizhe , Yang Jiamin , Wu Qiang , Zhu Jing
Published: September 2020

The solid-liquid phase equilibrium for ternary system (NH2)2CO+KCl+H2O was determined by isothermal saturation method at 283.15K under atmosphere pressure. The isothermal phase diagrams was drawn in according to the measured solubility data. There are one co-saturated point and two pure solids occurred in this ternary system. The solid phases were confirmed by Schreinemaker’s wet residue method and X-ray powder diffraction. Two thermodynamic models, Wilson model and NRTL model, were used to calculate the solubility data. The value of root mean-square deviation in Wilson model and NRTL model for this ternary system was 0.22 and 0.66 respectively, and the value of relative average deviation was 0.61% and 2.33% respectively, which indicated that the calculated data and the experimental results are nearly consistent.
Analysis of the basic components and free amino acid composition of pineapple fruit vinegar
Authors: Wang Xiao-fang , Hu Yuhao , Li Ji-Hua , Zhang Li , Gong Xiao , Hui Huang
Published: September 2020

Acetic acid fermentation is an essential step in producing high-quality vinegar. In this study, the alcoholic medium was used as a seed broth for acetic fermentation using Acetobacter aceti as the inoculum for approximately 7 days at 32℃ to obtain 45.87g/L acetic acid. During the Acetic acid fermentation stage, the content of the total polyphenols decreased first and then increased. Based on amino acid analyzer analysis, pineapple vinegar contains 18 kinds of free amino acids. And the contents of sweet and umami free amino acids are the main free amino acids, followed by bitter amino acids.
ZIF-8 and polyaniline modified coconut gel to fabricate composite aerogel for efficient removal of tetracycline
Authors: Liu Qun , Zeng Fanming , Li Xiao , Su Zhongmin
Published: September 2020

To overcome the limitations of large-scale applications for MOFs in the powder form, herein, we proposed a strategy of in-situ growth ZIF-8 onto polyaniline (PANI) modified coconut hydrogel (CCH). Firstly, PANI played the role of metal chelated layers, which were coated on CCH by in-situ polymerization. Then, ZIF-8 nanocrystals were in-situ growth on the surface of the PANI coated CCH to synthesise the composite adsorbent ZIF-8/PANI/CCH. Finally, after vacuum freeze-dried, a white and well structured ZIF-8/PANI/CCA(ZIF-8/polyaniline/coconut aerogel) was obtained. The loading mass ratios of ZIF-8 on CCA and PANI/CCA were 11.3% and 37.5%, respectively, which indicates that PANI as interface layers can effectively promote the in-situ growth of ZIF-8. The obtained composite adsorbent (ZIF-8/PANI/CCA) was applied for the adsorption of tetracycline (TC)，and the removal efficiency reaches over 91.6%. This strategy may provide an effective and versatile pathway to increase MOF loading mass on natural polysaccharide aerogel and sequentially branch out their applications in pollutant treatment fields.
Expression of recombinant mouse spastin in E. coli
Authors: Wang Yujuan
Published: September 2020

Mutations of the gene SPAST that encodes a microtubule severing enzyme, spastin, are the most frequent cause of Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) disease. HSP is heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized predominantly by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. Spastin belongs ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA) protein family and catalyzes microtubule severing. Spastin in mouse and human are highly identical in protein sequence and several spastin mutation models in mice have been generated in order to evaluate the significance of spastin loss-of-function in mammals. Expression and purification of spastin and the mutant variants determined in patients will facilitate the structure-function relationship study of spastin. Here I systemically optimized the expression condition of a truncated version of mouse spastin in E. coli. The recombinant protein and a mutant were further purified for ATPase activity assay.
Retracted article: Research on Mechanical Processing Technology and Properties of Fiber Composite Materials
Authors: Wang Zhen , Gu Wenbin , Yuan Qi
Published: September 2020

This paper has been formally retracted because it has been accidentally published after a mistake in the process of sorting out the proceedings papers.
Request approved by the proceedings Editor and the Publisher on January 18, 2023.
Comparison and Summary of Two Methods for Determination of Kinematic Viscosity of Organic Heat Carriers in Different Laboratories
Authors: Feng Shichun , Kong Dexin , Wang Chunfeng , Guo Linyuan , Jin Dong
Published: September 2020

In China, capillary viscometer method is often used to test the kinematic viscosity of organic heat carriers. This method is manually tested and requires cleaning with acetone or petroleum ether, which is easy to cause environmental pollution. In this study, capillary viscometer method and stabinger viscometer method were used to test samples and compare the results. Through data analysis, it was proved that stabinger viscometer method has the advantages of high efficiency, green and environmental protection, and can be applied to accurately determine the kinematic viscosity of organic heat carriers.
Poor prognostic factors of femoral shaft fractures in children treated by elastic intramedullary nailing
Authors: Ulici Alexandru , Odagiu Elena , Haram Oana , Ionescu Adelina , Sterian Gabriel Alin , Carp Madalina , Tevanov Iulia
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Femoral shaft fractures in pediatric patients are treated by elastic intramedullary nailing using titanium or stainless-steel nails. The elastic stable intramedullary nailing behaves as an internal splint, promoting early mobilization. This type of treatment involves a minimally invasive approach, no damage to the growth plates, and no impairment of femoral head blood supply. Purpose: The aim of our study was to identify the negative predicting factors that might lead to an increased complication rate after elastic stable intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 137 patients with femoral shaft fractures treated by elastic stable intramedullary nailing. Patients’ age ranged between 4 and 17 years. We used data from the medical records of the patients to evaluate postoperative complications. Plain radiographs were analyzed to determine the fracture type, fracture location, and postoperative complications such as delayed union, angular deformities, and limb length discrepancies. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors for poor outcomes. Results: Complications occurred in 29 patients (21%) and consisted of delayed union, axial deformities, or lower limb length discrepancies. In the group of patients that suffered from complications, mechanism of injury, age, and weight were significant. They were older by an average of 5 years; half of them weighed more than 50 kg and over a half were involved in a road traffic accident. Conclusions: Elastic nailing is a successful tool to treat femoral shaft fractures. Three factors were demonstrated to influence the outcome. The mechanism of injury, age > 11 years, and weight > 50 kg are the most important and are predictors for development of complications such as delayed union or deformity.
Multiresistente Erreger (MRE) in der Rehabilitation:
Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren für MRGN und VRE
Authors: Steul Katrin , Schmehl Cleo , Berres Marlene , Hofmann Sabine , Klaus-Altschuck Andrea , Hogardt Michael , Kempf Volkhard AJ , Pohl Marcus , Heudorf Ursel
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund Nach einer ersten großen Untersuchung zu
multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) in Rehabilitationseinrichtungen im Jahr 2014
führte das MRE-Netz Rhein-Main im Jahr 2019 erneut eine Untersuchung
durch, diesmal wurde vor dem Hintergrund der KRINKO-Empfehlung zu
multiresistenten Enterokokken auf das Vorkommen Vancomycin-resistenter
Enterokokken (VRE) und multiresistenter gramnegative Erreger (3MRGN und 4MRGN)
untersucht.

Material und Methoden Insgesamt 16 Kliniken nahmen teil, darunter eine
Klinik für neurologische Frührehabilitation (FR). Die Teilnahme
der Patienten war freiwillig. Die Rektalabstriche wurden in einem nach DIN ISO
15189-akkreditierten medizinisch-mikrobiologischen Labor mittels etablierten
Standard-Methoden (u. a. via mittels MALDI–TOF-MS und VITEK
2-Resistenztestung gem. EUCAST) analysiert. Mit dem standardisierten Fragebogen
der europaweiten HALT-Untersuchung (Healthcare associated infections in
long-term care facilities) wurden Patientencharakteristika (Alter,
Geschlecht, Krankenhaus, OP- und MRE-Anamnese, Medical devices, aktuelle
Antibiotikatherapie etc.) erhoben.

Ergebnisse 928 Patienten nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, 895 aus
allgemeinen Reha-Einrichtungen (AR) und 33 aus einer neurologischen
Frührehabilitation (FR). 65% der AR-Patienten (FR 100%)
gaben einen Klinikaufenthalt in den letzten 6 Monaten an, 29% (FR
100%) der Patienten wurden direkt aus einer Klinik aufgenommen,
22% (FR 64%) hatten eine Antibiotika-Therapie in den letzten 3
Monaten erhalten. Medical devices waren bei AR-Patienten mit 1%
insgesamt selten, in der FR mit 61% Harnwegskathetern und 36%
Gefäßkathetern jedoch häufig. 2,2% (FR
33,3%) der AR-Patienten waren mit VRE und 6,7% (FR
18,2%) mit 3MRGN besiedelt. Ein Patient wies einen 4MRGN-Erreger auf (FR
0).

Diskussion Im Vergleich zur früheren Untersuchung ergaben sich
bei den erhobenen Patientencharakteristika keine wesentlichen
Änderungen. Die VRE-Prävalenz war mit 3,3% niedrig, die
Prävalenz an 3MRGN war mit 7,1% im Vergleich zu 2014
(3,6%) höher. Risikofaktoren für eine VRE- und eine
3MRGN-Besiedelung (sign. erhöhte Odds-Ratio) waren:
Krankenhausbehandlung in der Anamnese sowie ein erhöhter Pflegebedarf
aufgrund von Bewegungseinschränkung, Stuhlinkontinenz und
Desorientiertheit. Darüber hinaus wurden eine vorausgegangene
Antibiotikabehandlung sowie Hautbarriereverletzungen bedingt durch Medical
devices oder Wunden als weitere Risikofaktoren für eine
VRE-Besiedelung gefunden.
Die Schuleingangsuntersuchung: Versuch einer Evaluation durch
Befragung von Eltern, Kinderärzten und Schulen
Authors: Heudorf Ursel , Hauberg Inse , Karathana Maria
Published: September 2020

Einleitung Schuleingangsuntersuchungen (SEU) durch den Kinder- und
Jugendärztlichen Dienst (KJGD) der Gesundheitsämter sind in
Deutschland in allen Bundesländern vorgeschrieben, Untersuchungsumfang
und -methoden sind in Landesverordnungen festgelegt. Eine Evaluation der
gesamten SEU steht aber immer noch aus. Im Frühjahr 2018 wurde deswegen
im Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Frankfurt am Main eine Befragung von Eltern, Schulen
und Kinderärzten zur SEU durchgeführt.

Methode Mit eigens entwickelten Fragebögen wurden Eltern
(freiwillig und anonym) sowie Leitungen von Grundschulen und Kinderärzte
zu ihrer Einschätzung und ihren Erfahrungen mit der SEU befragt.
Bestimmte Sätze waren mit einer 5-stufigen Likert-Skala zu bewerten.
Für die Auswertung wurden die zustimmenden Antworten (stimme voll und
ganz zu / stimme zu) und die ablehnenden Antworten (stimme nicht zu
/ stimme gar nicht zu) zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt 2021 Eltern-, 46 Schul- und 37
Arztfragebögen konnten ausgewertet werden. Die Responserate der Eltern
lag bei 90%, die der Schulen und Kinderärzte mit 45% und
56% deutlich schlechter. 91% der Eltern stuften die SEU
zusätzlich zu den Vorsorgeuntersuchungen beim Kinderarzt für
sinnvoll ein, 94% hielten Hör- und Sehtests für
besonders wichtig. 85% sahen in der SEU ein wichtiges Mittel, um
Fördermaßnahmen rechtzeitig vor Schuleintritt vornehmen zu
können. 91% der Schulleitungen stuften die Ergebnisse der SEU
als hilfreich ein, 26% gaben an, dass wichtige Bereiche, u. a.
Sozialverhalten in der SEU zu kurz kommen. Viele Schulleitungen
wünschten sich mehr Unterstützung durch das Gesundheitsamt,
z. B. zu Fragen der Inklusion (59%), durch Vorträge bei
Elternabenden (61%) oder allgemeine Unterstützung zu
gesundheitlichen Fragen (74%). Auch 91% der Kinderärzte
stuften die SEU als sinnvoll ein. Allerdings wurden auch
Fehleinschätzungen der Schulärzte und Verunsicherung der Eltern
sowie zu seltener Austausch bemängelt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Rückmeldungen waren überwiegend
positiv,der Stellenwert der SEU wurde von den Befragten nicht in Frage gestellt.
Dennoch sollte der KJGD versuchen, dem Bedarf der Schulen nach mehr
Unterstützung und dem Wunsch der Kinderärzte nach besserer
Zusammenarbeit nachzukommen. Durch eine Modifikation der SEU könnten
Kapazitäten für die weiteren wichtigen Aufgaben des KJGD
geschaffen werden, z. B. die Untersuchung der Seiteneinsteiger, die
Gesundheitsförderung in Schulen und die Beratung von Schulen.
Validierungsstudie zum Cookie Theft Picture Test
Authors: Radjenovic Sonja , Voracek Martin , Adler Georg
Published: September 2020

Ziel der Studie Bisherige Studien lieferten inkonsistente Befunde hinsichtlich diskriminierender Sprachvariablen zwischen gesunden und dementen Personen. In der vorliegenden Studie werden mithilfe des Cookie Theft Picture Tests (CTP) ausgewählte Sprachvariablen getestet, um tatsächliche Diagnosen vorherzusagen.

Methodik 24 gesunde und 24 leicht demente Probanden wurden in die vorliegende Studie aufgenommen.

Ergebnisse Alle Sprachvariablen außer Wiederholungen, Wortfindungsstörungen und Paraphasien wiesen signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen auf. Die Variablen Pausenlänge und Hinweise erhöhen signifikant die Wahrscheinlichkeit für AD, während die Satzlänge diese verringert.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie ist aufgrund geringer Stichprobengröße und mangelhafter Standardisierung nur bedingt interpretierbar. Dennoch weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass der CTP für die praktische Anwendung geeignet zu sein scheint.
Verbesserung der Lebensqualität durch psychosoziale Nachsorge?
Authors: Böhm Martin , Stiglbauer Barbara
Published: September 2020

Ziel der Studie Die Studie untersucht, inwieweit Menschen mit psychosozialem Unterstützungsbedarf von den Leistungsangeboten Fähigkeitsorientierte Aktivität, Mobile Betreuung und Hilfe, Psychosoziale Beratungsstelle und Wohnen profitieren und wie diese Leistungsangebote sich subjektiv auf die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen auswirken.

Methodik Für die Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurden von den 4 Leistungsbereichen über 5 Jahre (2013–2017) 2099 Datensätze aus Klientenzufriedenheitsbefragungen statistisch ausgewertet. Die Klienten wurden dabei jeweils zum erlebten Nutzen in Bezug auf verschiedene Aspekte (z. B. Wohnsituation, Alltagsbewältigung, Zuversicht) sowie zur empfundenen Lebensqualität befragt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen Die Analyse der Daten zeigt eine Verbesserung und Stabilisierung von Lebensqualität nach Zugang in die jeweilige psychosoziale Nachsorge. Diese subjektiv empfundene Verbesserung von Lebensqualität im Laufe der Leistungsnutzung wurde allgemein von allen Nutzern der untersuchten Bereiche wahrgenommen. Allerdings profitieren die Nutzer, in Abhängigkeit von der Leistungsnutzung, in unterschiedlichen Aspekten und die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität ist folglich, je nach Leistungsnutzung, auf unterschiedliche Arten des Nutzens zurückzuführen.
Einfluss der Radiosynoviorthese des Kniegelenks auf bestehende Bakerzysten
Authors: Klett Rigobert
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfasung

Ziel Die Studie untersucht den Einfluss einer Radiosynoviorthese des Kniegelenks auf das Bakerzystenvolumen im Zeitverlauf.

Methode Patienten mit Radiosynoviorthese des Kniegelenks bei gleichzeitiger Bakerzyste wurden retrospektiv ausgewählt und zu einer sonografischen Kontrolle gebeten. Voraussetzung war das Vorliegen einer prätherapeutischen Sonografie mit Darstellung der Bakerzyste in Längs- und Querschnitt zur Volumenbestimmung. Ausschlusskriterium war eine zwischenzeitliche Therapiemaßnahme mit Einfluss auf das Bakerzystenvolumen. Es wurden Gruppen mit zeitlichem Abstand zur Radiosynoviorthese mit einer Zeitspanne von 3 Monaten gebildet (2 bis 4 Monate, 5 bis 7 Monate usw.). Bei zu geringer Patientenzahl innerhalb einer Gruppe wurde diese mit der folgenden Gruppe zusammengefasst. Prä- und posttherapeutisches Bakerzystenvolumen wurden verglichen. Bei 4 auswertbaren Gruppen wurde das Signifikanzniveau mittels Bonferoni-Korrektur auf p = 0,0125 festgelegt.

Ergebnisse 102 Radiosynoviorthesen bei 84 Patienten im Alter zwischen 23 und 86 Jahren waren auswertbar. Diese konnten Gruppen mit einem Abstand zur Radiosynoviorthese von 2 bis 4 Monaten, 5 bis 7 Monaten, 8 bis 16 Monaten sowie 20 und mehr Monaten zugeordnet werden. In Gruppe 1 nahm das Volumen um 53 % ab (p < 0,007), in Gruppe 2 um 47 % (p < 0,007), in Gruppe 3 um 18 % (p < 0,005) und in Gruppe 4 um 73 % (p < 0,0002). Bei keiner Radiosynoviorthese traten schwerwiegende Komplikationen auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie zeigt einen positiven Effekt einer Radiosynoviorthese auf eine bestehende Bakerzyste, auch über einen längeren Zeitraum. Es erscheint daher sinnvoll, die Radiosynoviorthese als Bestandteil einer multimodalen Therapie zu etablieren, beispielsweise vor einer operativen Intervention.
Analysis of the Vascular Morphology of the Fibrotic Choroidal Neovascularization in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Book Marius , Ziegler Martin , Rothaus Kai , Faatz Henrik , Gunnemann Marie-Louise , Gutfleisch Matthias , Spital Georg , Lommatzsch Albrecht Peter , Pauleikhoff Daniel
Published: September 2020

Purpose Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) undergoing anti-VEGF therapy transforms into a fibrotic lesion. This fibrovascular transformation is associated with a great variety of functional and morphological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular morphology of fibrotic CNV, to compare it with its surrounding tissue and to identify phenotypes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods In 18 eyes with fibrotic CNV in nAMD spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) and OCTA were performed. The automated segmentation lines were manually adjusted. A slab from 60 µm beneath Bruchʼs membrane to the inner edge of the subretinal hyperreflective material was applied. Quantitative analysis of the vascular morphology was performed using skeletonized OCTA images.

Results Compared to the perilesional rim, the number of segments per area was significantly lower (234.75 ± 25.68 vs. 255.30 ± 20.34 1/mm2, p = 0.0003) within the fibrovascular lesion. Two phenotypes could be identified within the lesion. The phenotypic traits of cluster 1 were few, long and thick vascular segments; Cluster 2 was characterized by many, short and thin vascular segments (number of segments per area: 219.4 ± 18.8 vs. 258.8 ± 13.2 1/mm2, p = 0.00009, segment length: 49.6 ± 2.7 vs. 45.0 ± 1.3 µm, p = 0.0002, vascular caliber: 26.6 ± 1.2 vs. 23.5 ± 1.8 µm, p = 0.003). The clusters did not differ significantly regarding visual acuity (0.52 ± 0.44 vs. 0.54 ± 0.18 logMAR, p = 0.25), differentiability of subretinal (OR = 3.43, CI = [0.30, 39.64], p = 0.6) and intraretinal fluid (OR = 5.34, CI = [0.48, 89.85], p = 0.14). Less normalized ellipsoid zone (EZ) loss could be observed in cluster 1 (131.0 ± 161.3 vs. 892.4 ± 955.6 1/m,
p = 0.006).

Conclusion In this study the vascular morphology of fibrotic CNV was analyzed using OCTA. Differences between the lesion and a perilesional rim could be detected. Two phenotypes within the fibrovascular lesion were identified. These morphological clusters could indicate different patterns of fibrovascular transformation of the CNV under long-term anti-VEGF therapy and be useful identifying possible predictive biomarkers in future studies.
Der Einfluss der sozialen Lage auf den Rehabilitationserfolg von
Rehabilitanden mit chronischem Rückenschmerz
Authors: Köpnick Anne , Hampel Petra
Published: September 2020

Ziel der Studie Die soziale Ungleichheit in der medizinischen
Rehabilitation findet zunehmend Beachtung. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte
die langfristige Wirksamkeit des Schmerzkompetenz- und
Depressionspräventionstrainings Debora bei Rehabilitanden mit
chronischen Rückenschmerzen in der stationären
verhaltensmedizinisch orthopädischen Rehabilitation (VMO) in
Abhängigkeit von der sozialen Lage.

Methodik Die Kontrollgruppenstudie mit einer Cluster-Block-Randomisierung
überprüfte die langfristige Veränderung der
schmerzspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeit, psychischen Belastungen,
Funktionskapazität und subjektiven Arbeitsfähigkeit bei 394
Rehabilitanden mit nicht-spezifischen chronischen Rückenschmerzen in
Abhängigkeit von der Bedingung (Kontrollgruppe, KG:
Schmerzkompetenztraining vs. Interventionsgruppe, IG: zusätzliches
Depressionspräventionstraining) und der sozialen Lage (Unter-, Mittel-
vs. Oberschicht; nach Deck [1]). Die Daten wurden zu fünf Zeitpunkten
erhoben: Beginn (t0), Ende der Rehabilitation (t1),
6-(t2), 12-(t3) und 24-Monatskatamnese
(t4). Die Auswertung erfolgte durch 2-faktorielle multi- bzw.
univariate Varianzanalysen als per-protocol-(pp)-Analysen und im zweiten Schritt
durch Analysen nach Multipler Imputation (MI; N=1089).

Ergebnisse Rehabilitanden der Unterschicht wiesen in der
Depressivität, Funktionskapazität und subjektiven
Arbeitsfähigkeit generell signifikant schlechtere Werte im Vergleich zur
Oberschicht auf. Zudem blieben positive Langzeiteffekte bei Rehabilitanden der
Unterschicht eher aus. Dagegen verbesserten sich Rehabilitanden der Mittel- und
Oberschicht insbesondere in der IG. Ferner zeigte sich, dass lediglich die IG
langfristig in der subjektiven Arbeitsfähigkeit profitierte.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie belegt den Einfluss der sozialen Lage auf die
psychophysische Gesundheit. Ferner wird eine soziale Ungleichheit im
langfristigen Rehabilitationserfolg bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen
nahegelegt, die durch die Gesundheitskompetenz vermittelt sein könnte.
Somit sollten diese Aspekte bereits bei der Konzeption und insbesondere bei der
Durchführung von psychologischen Gruppentrainings in der
stationären medizinischen Rehabilitation bei chronischen
Rückenschmerzen berücksichtigt werden.
Synthesis of Aminoalkyl-Functionalized 4-Arylquinolines from 2-(3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)anilines via the Friedländer Reaction
Authors: Rozhkova Yuliya S. , Storozheva Tatyana S. , Plekhanova Irina V. , Gorbunov Alexey A. , Smolyak Andrej A. , Shklyaev Yurii V.
Published: September 2020

A new approach for the efficient and convenient synthesis of novel aminoalkyl-functionalized 4-arylquinolines via the Friedländer reaction of differently substituted 2-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)anilines with various α-methylene ketones in acetic acid was developed. The reaction allows easy access to a diversity of 4-arylquinoline derivatives in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.
Pituitary Microadenoma Treated with Individualized Homeopathic Medicine: A Case Report
Authors: Mathur Mohit
Published: August 2020

Background Pituitary adenomas are common benign tumors of the pituitary gland with an overall estimated prevalence of 16.7%. As per the revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification, these tumors are identified by their histological subtypes and are designated by their pituitary cell lineage instead of the hormone they produce. The lactotroph adenoma is the most common subtype of hormone-producing pituitary adenoma. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, but complications are encountered. So far, there is no reported study evaluating individualized homeopathic intervention in pituitary adenoma in peer-reviewed journals.

Methods This case study describes a case of functional lactotroph microadenoma with history of failed surgical treatment and heavy intrasellar hemorrhage occurring during the surgery. Phosphorus was prescribed as an individualized homeopathic medicine on the basis of symptoms—hemorrhagic complication during surgical procedure and aggravation of headache thereafter.

Results There was a marked subjective improvement along with complete tumor regression, as evidenced by repeat magnetic resonance imaging scans. The Modified Naranjo Criteria total score was +10 out of a possible +13, providing some evidence to attribute the clinical outcome with the homeopathic intervention.

Conclusion This case study reconfirms the association between increased frequency of headaches and pituitary hemorrhage among cases of lactotroph adenoma. It also suggests that individualized homeopathic treatment may be helpful in pituitary adenomas with increased risk of complications such as intrasellar hemorrhage.
Endarterectomy for Iliac Occlusive Disease during Kidney Transplantation: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Sorrells William S. , Mao Shennen A. , Taner Timucin , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Farres Houssam , Davila Victor , Money Samuel R. , Stone William M. , Al-Khasawneh Mohammad , Da Rocha-Franco Joao A. Da Rocha , Oldenburg Warner A. , Oderich Gustavo S. , Taner C. Burcin , Hakaim Albert G. , Erben Young
Published: August 2020

Little is known about the surgical challenges and outcomes of kidney transplantation (KT) in the face of severe iliac occlusive disease (IOD). We aim to examine our institution's experience and outcomes compared with all KT patients. Retrospective review of our multi-institutional transplant database identified patients with IOD requiring vascular surgery involvement for iliac artery endarterectomy at time of KT from 2000 to 2018. Clinical data, imaging studies, and surgical outcomes of 22 consecutive patients were reviewed. Our primary end-point was allograft survival. Secondary end-points included mortality and perioperative complications. A total of 6,757 KT were performed at our three sites (Florida, Arizona, and Minnesota); there were 22 (0.32%) patients receiving a KT with concomitant IOD requiring iliac artery endarterectomy. Mean patient age was 61.45 ± 7 years. There were 13 (59.1%) male patients. The most common etiology of renal failure was diabetic nephropathy in 10 patients (45.5%) followed by a combination of hypertensive/diabetic nephropathy in five patients (22.7%), and hypertensive nephrosclerosis in three patients (13.6%). The majority (n = 16, 72.7%) of patients received renal allografts from deceased donors and six (27.3%) were recipients from living donors. Mean time from dialysis to transplantation was 2.9 ± 2.9 years. Mean follow-up was 3.5 ± 2.5 years. Mean length of hospital stay was 6.3 ± 4.3 days (range: 3–18 days). Graft loss within 90 days occurred in two (9.1%) patients, one due to renal vein thrombosis and another due to acute tubular necrosis. Overall allograft survival was 90.1% at 1-year and 86.4% at 3-year follow-up. Overall mortality occurred in 6 (27.3%) patients. Perioperative complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade 2–4) occurred in 13 (59.1%) patients, including 10 (45.5%) with acute blood loss anemia requiring transfusion, 2 (9.1%) reoperations for hematoma evacuation, 1 (4.5%) ischemic colitis requiring total abdominal colectomy, and 1 (4.5%) renal vein thrombosis requiring nephrectomy. IOD patients selected for KT are not common and although challenging, they have similar outcomes to our standard KT patients. The 1- and 3-year allograft survivals were 90.1 and 86.4% versus 96.0 and 90.3% in the general KT patient population. With these excellent outcomes, we recommend expanding the criteria for KT to include patients with IOD with prior vascular surgery consultation to prevent progression of IOD or prevention of wait list removal in select patients who are otherwise good candidates for KT.
Routine Multidisciplinary Review of Severe Maternal Morbidity Is Associated with a Reduction in Preventable Cases of Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Ozimek John A. , Greene Naomi , Geller Andrew , Zakowski Mark , Wong Melissa S. , Franco Rachel , Kilpatrick Sarah J.
Published: August 2020

Objective Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has increased by 45% in the United States and is estimated to affect up to 1.5% of all deliveries. Research has not yet been conducted that demonstrates a benefit to multidisciplinary review of SMM. The aim of our study was to determine if standardized, routine review of the cases of SMM by a multidisciplinary committee results in a reduction of potentially preventable cases of SMM.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study of all women admitted for delivery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center from March 1, 2012 to September 30, 2016. Our cohort was separated into two groups: a preintervention group composed of women admitted for delivery prior to the implementation of the obstetric Quality and Peer Review Committee (OBQPRC), and a postintervention group where the committee had been well established. Cases of confirmed SMM were presented to a multidisciplinary research committee, and the committee determined whether opportunities for improvement in care existed. The groups were compared with determine if there was a decreased incidence of preventable SMM following the implementation of the OBQPRC standardized review process.

Results There were 30,319 deliveries during the study period; 13,120 deliveries in the preintervention group; and 13,350 deliveries in the postintervention group (2,649 deliveries during the transition period). There was no difference in the rate of SMM between the preintervention (125; 0.95%) and postintervention (129; 0.97%) groups, (p = 0.91). There was a significantly lower rate of opportunity for the improvement in care in the postintervention group (29.5%) compared with the preintervention group (46%; p = 0.005).

Conclusion We demonstrated a significant reduction in the rate of potentially preventable SMM following the implementation of routine review of all SMM suggesting that this process plays an important role in improving maternal care and outcomes.

Key Points
Merging Two Hospitals: The Effects on Pediatric Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcomes
Authors: de la Llana Rebecca Anderson , Marsney Renate Le , Gibbons Kristen , Anderson Benjamin , Haisz Emma , Johnson Kerry , Black Anthony , Venugopal Prem Sundar , Mattke Adrian Christian
Published: September 2020

In this article, a retrospective study was performed to describe the impact of merging two pediatric intensive care units on the overall and neurocognitive outcomes of children who required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). Results from three cohorts were compared: 2008 to 2014: premerge, 2014 to 2017: initial time period postmerge, and 2018 to 2019: established merge. Survival to hospital discharge (and with good neurological outcome) was of 68% (61%), 46% (36%), and 79% (71%), respectively, for the three time periods. Merging two hospitals resulted in a nonsignificant trend toward temporary worse outcomes in pediatric patients requiring ECPR.
The “Safdarjung Method” of Estimation of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) Burns in Major Amputees
Authors: Chauhan Neha , Agrawal Karoon , Kumar Shalabh
Published: August 2020

Accurate estimation of total body surface area (TBSA) burns is the cornerstone of initiating correct fluid therapy in burns. The current formulae are designed for patients with intact body. However, the authors having worked at a high-volume burns center (Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India) have encountered patients with major amputations presenting with burns. The existing formulae are inaccurate for estimating TBSA in major amputees, leading to inaccurate fluid estimation in such cases. The authors have designed a novel method to estimate TBSA burns in patients with major amputations that involves a “correction factor” to account for the amputated parts.
COVID-19 and Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Goyal Manu , Singh Kuldeep , Misra Sanjeev
Published: September 2020

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected the lives of people across the globe, and Obstetricians are studying its effect on pregnancy and newborns. The pandemic resulted in major decisions taken by leaders in many countries, including strict policies as laying down of compulsory lockdown, curfews in high-risk places, and shut down of many services. This was done to promote physical distancing, thereby preventing community spread of the virus and for the preparedness of the health care facilities to deal with the pandemic. In the current scenario, the pregnant women who want to seek antenatal care are unable to visit the clinician and health center due to lockdown or for fear of contracting an infection. Reduced antenatal visits might lead to missing out some high-risk factors in due course of pregnancy and has the potential to adversely affect the health of women and newborn. Some key issues like optimizing antenatal and intranatal care with the prevailing situation, the effect of COVID-19 infection on fetus and newborn are addressed here. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and Embase (Elsevier) databases from January till July 2020, using a combination of the following keywords: “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “pregnancy.” Studies were selected if they met the following criteria: clinical studies, studies reporting original data, studies reporting SARS-CoV-2 infected women who were pregnant or had delivered. Here, we are providing the consensus made from the available literature. There is not much effect of COVID-19 infection on mother and fetus. The vertical transmission of the virus is also not yet proven. The timing and mode of delivery are not affected by the COVID-19 infection to the mother. Obstetric treatment should not be delayed for the COVID-19 testing or report. There are only a few studies reported for the management of pregnant women during pregnancy, based on which some principles formulated. However, more extensive studies are required to validate these principles. This review briefly describes the precautions needed to take during antenatal care.
High quality factor photonic cavity for dark matter axion searches
Authors: Alesini D. , Braggio C. , Carugno G. , Crescini N. , D’Agostino D. , Di Gioacchino D. , Di Vora R. , Falferi P. , Gambardella U. , Gatti C. , Iannone G. , Ligi C. , Lombardi A. , Maccarrone G. , Ortolan A. , Pengo R. , Pira C. , Rettaroli A. , Ruoso G. , Taffarello L. , Tocci S.
Published: September 2020

Searches for dark matter axions involve the use of microwave resonant cavities operating in a strong magnetic field. Detector sensitivity is directly related to the cavity quality factor, which is limited, until recently, to the use of non-superconducting metals by the presence of the external magnetic field. In this paper, we present a cavity of novel design whose quality factor is not affected by a magnetic field. It is based on a photonic structure by the use of sapphire rods. The quality factor at cryogenic temperature is in excess of 5 × 105 for a selected mode.
Transformed two-fluid equations of low-pressure plasmas with non-vanishing ion temperature without the singularity at the ionic sound barrier and several methods to solve these equations numerically
Authors: Valentini H.-B. , Kaiser D.
Published: September 2020

The equations of the two-fluid model of low-pressure plasmas with warm ion gas are taken into consideration including collisions between charged particles and neutrals, the charge exchange, and the ionization. The basic equations contain a removable singularity at the ion sonic speed. These equations are ill-conditioned in the subsonic interval of the ion flux, but they are well-conditioned in the transsonic one. First, several transformations and auxiliary functions are introduced in order to eliminate the singularity at the ion sound speed. The resulting boundary value problem is numerically solved by a multi-shooting method for one of the versions of the transformed equations. Second, an improved one-fluid-model is well-conditioned wherein the space charge density is calculated additionally using the electric field and the Poisson equation. The numerical solution yields usable approximated results in the subsonic interval and suitable initial values for the solution of the two-fluid model in the transsonic interval. Third, the unknown functions are expanded as a power series in the relation of the ion temperature to the electron temperature. These equations can be numerically integrated throughout both intervals without serious difficulties. A set of parameters is given describing subsonic intervals extending over the whole plasma. Results obtained by means of the used methods confirm that Bohm's sheath criterion loses its meaning in collision-dominated plasmas. The scopes of application of the different methods are treated by means of examples.
Realization of programmable nanomechanical lattice with both nearest-neighboring and next-nearest-neighboring couplings
Authors: Lin Shaochun , Tian Tian , Huang Pu , Yin Peiran , Zhang Liang , Du Jiangfeng
Published: September 2020

The programmable artificial lattice, based on the controllability of coupling strengths and the scalability of multiple sites, is desperately desired in engineering metamaterials and exploring fundamental physics. In this work, we experimentally present a programmable lattice consisting of multiple paralleled nanomechanical resonators, whose internal interactions can be linearly manipulated by external voltages. Flexural modes of nearest-neighboring (NN) and next-nearest-neighboring (NNN) resonators are parametrically coupled through modulated electrostatic interactions. Particularly, in a wide range up to deep strong coupling regimes, both the NN and NNN coupling strengths are precisely proportional to manipulation voltage. The realization of long-range coupling provides a promising prospect in constructing a complex lattice structure, which is essential for investigating mechanical logic devices, topological physics, and coherent phononic dynamics.
Ultra-narrowband wavelength adjustable multichannel near perfect absorber in Thue–Morse defective quasi-photonic crystals embedded with MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Ansari N. , Mohebbi E. , Mohammadi S.
Published: September 2020

A defective Thue–Morse quasi-photonic crystal containing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is suggested to construct an ultra-narrowband multiple resonant absorber in the visible range. Multiple high absorption peaks can be achieved by altering the design of the proposed structure in different ways such as changing the generation number or the symmetry with respect to defect. Two structures are introduced, which create more than seven absorption peaks higher than 40% and one of the peaks about 100%. Defect modes' wavelength can be tuned to show the blue shift by incident angles and the polarization of light. Our optimal structures are useful for applications in multiplex filters and multiple channel sensors due to their high amount and narrowband absorption peaks and can show nearly perfect absorption.
Observation of plateau-like magnetoresistance in twisted Fe3GeTe2/Fe3GeTe2 junction
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Son Suhan , Coak Matthew J. , Hwang Inho , Lee Youjin , Zhang Kaixuan , Park Je-Geun
Published: September 2020

Controlling the stacking of van der Waals (vdW) materials is found to produce exciting new findings, since hetero- or homo-structures have added the diverse possibility of assembly and manipulated functionalities. However, so far, the homostructure with a twisted angle based on the magnetic vdW materials remains unexplored. Here, we achieved a twisted magnetic vdW Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/Fe3GeTe2 junction with broken crystalline symmetry. A clean and metallic vdW junction is evidenced by the temperature-dependent resistance and the linear I–V curve. Unlike the pristine FGT, a plateau-like magnetoresistance (PMR) is observed in the magnetotransport of our homojunction due to the antiparallel magnetic configurations of the two FGT layers. The PMR ratio is found to be ∼0.05% and gets monotonically enhanced as temperature decreases like a metallic giant magnetoresistance. Such a tiny PMR ratio is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, justifying our clean metallic junction without a spacer. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the controllable homostructure and shed light on future spintronics using magnetic vdW materials.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of human cochleas for modeling cochlear implant electrical stimulus spread
Authors: Jiang C. , de Rijk S. R. , Malliaras G. G. , Bance M. L.
Published: September 2020

Cochlear implants (CIs) have tremendously helped people with severe to profound hearing loss to gain access to sound and oral–verbal communication. However, the electrical stimulus in the cochlea spreads easily and widely, since the perilymph and endolymph (i.e., intracochlear fluids) are essentially electrolytes, leading to an inability to focus stimulation to discrete portions of the auditory nerve, which blurs the neural signal. Here, we characterize the complex transimpedances of human cadaveric cochleas to investigate how electrical stimulus spread is distributed from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. By using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), both the resistive and capacitive elements of human cochleas are measured and modeled with an electrical circuit model, identifying spread-induced and spread-independent impedance components. Based on this electrical circuit model, we implement a Laplace transform to simulate the theoretical shapes of the spread signals. The model is validated by experimentally applying the simulated stimulus as a real stimulus to the cochlea and measuring the shapes of the spread signals, with relative errors of <0.6% from the model. Based on this model, we show the relationship between stimulus pulse duration and electrical stimulus spread. This EIS technique to characterize the transimpedances of human cochleas provides a new way to predict the spread signal under an arbitrary electrical stimulus, thus providing preliminary guidance to the design of CI stimuli for different CI users and coding strategies.