bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P1468Four years follow-up of leadless pacing system single center real life experience compared to data of the prospective trial
Authors: Winter S , Ding Quang Nguyen D Q , Ghorbani P G , Fehske W F
Published: June 2020

Funding Acknowledgements

none

OnBehalf

Cologne Registry

Introduction

The Micra™ leadless intracardiac pacing system has been introduced and implemented into clinical routine more than three years ago. Feasibility, implantation safety and acute success have been proven in the setting of controlled studies. Additionally few real- life and post-implantation data exist.  We aimed to report our single center follow-up (FU) data in comparison with the results of the prospective controlled  Micra™- studie.

Methods

In 112 patients (69 men; age: 79 ± 10 y) successful Micra™ implantation was performed.Pacemaker interrogation was performed one to seven days after implantation and during FU (1; 3; 6, than every 6 month) up to 48 month. Data were assessed in a real-life setting and compared with existing data of the controlled prospectiv trial.

Results

The implantation was successful in all 112 attempts without procedure or device-related major complications. During Follow up there was one patient developing severe heart failure symptoms resulting in an implantation of a CRT-device and switching of the leadless pacemaker system.

The average acute thresholds, sensing and impedance after system release were: 0.63 ± 0.42V@0.24ms; 9,94 ± 3,61mV and 705 ± 166 Ohm. During follow up of up to 4 years neither, pacemaker failure, nor infections were reported. Measurements were reevaluated for long-term thresholds, sensing and impedance: 0.54 ± 0.16V @ 0.24 ms; 16,15 ±4,22 mV and 579 ± 133 Ohm. In the first three years no significant changes from acute to long-term measurements were detectable.  In comparison to the data of the controlled trial the measurements of our real-life cohort was very similar.

Conclusion

In a real life setting the implantation of the leadless Micra™ system demonstrates high rate of implant success without major complications. Also shown were stable long-term system parameters in the clinical setting of up to two years of follow up. These data of every day clinical practice support the findings of the prospectiv trials.
P1003New onset atrial fibrillation after stenting of the right coronary artery in patients with ischemic disease of the heart
Authors: Payziev D , Azizov S I , Uzokov J K , Iskhakov S A
Published: June 2020

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major heart rhythm disorder among population older age. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting of the right coronary artery may increase the new onset AF. Aim of the study was to estimate the new onset AF after stenting of the right coronary artery (RCA) in patients with stable ischemic disease of the heart and its effect on short-term prognosis.

Methods

765 patients in whom performed PCI with stenting of the proximal and medial segment of RCA were enrolled in this study (aged 41-71 years; mean age 55.8 ± 12.0 years; male 51%). Short-term outcomes were analyzed in median 1.1-year follow-up due to the development of new onset AF.

Results

Among 765 patients, after PCI in RCA developed AF in 58 patients (7.5%) within follow-up. Among them, 40 patients (5.2%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 37 patients (4.8%) hypertension, 34 patients (4.4%) older than 60 years old, 30 patients (3.9%) myocardial infarction in history. Restoration of sinus rhythm (cardioversion rate) was in 86%. Majority of the patients in whom sinus rhythm was not recovered were older (11.0%) and diabetic mellitus (8.0%). The propensity-matched model showed that new onset AF was associated with an increased risk of bleeding during the procedure (OR 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.74) and heart failure (OR 1.27; 95% confidential interval, 1.16-1.45). Conclusion: New onset AF is common within short-term period after PCI in proximal and distal segments of the RCA and it was independently associated with post procedural complications and heart failure.
P1086Prevalence and predictors of left atrial thrombi in patients scheduled for electrical cardioversion of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Abud A , Santillan M , Perello L , Rosller C , Rossi L , Pantaley C , Garello E , Carlessi A
Published: June 2020

Background

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed the presence of thrombi in 12 to 26% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Purpose

To assess clinical and echocardiographic variables associated with thrombi in the left atrium (LA) prior to electrical cardioversion in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Cross-sectional study including 188 patients. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed. Qualitative variables are expressed in percentages and quantitative variables in mean and standard deviations. Qualitative variables were analyzed by the Chi square method. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Mean age was 60.7 ± 12.3 and 75.5% males. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 2.43 ± 1.6 and 1.06 ± 1. The percentage of paroxysmal AF was 49.7%, nonparoxysmal 23.2% and atrial flutter 27%. Mean ejection fraction (EF) was 52.2 ± 13%. The prevalence of thrombus was 12.3%.

Female gender (p = 0.0275), heart failure (p = 0.0006), CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 (p = 0.0015), EF <50% (p = 0.0089), moderate/severe spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (p = 0.000042) and LA appendage emptying velocity ≤20 cm/sec (p = 0.0000001) are associated to the presence of thrombi in the LA. No thrombi were detected in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0.

History of previous anticoagulation for over thirty days or creatinine clearance <56 ml/min were not predictors of LA thrombi.

Conclusion

Female gender, heart failure, EF <50% and CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2, emptying velocity of less than 20 cm/sec and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast were univariate predictors of thrombi in the LA. CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 is a strong predictor of absence of thrombi.
916The impact of anesthesia choice on subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator outcomes: acute and one year results from the post approval study
Authors: Aasbo J , Dinerman J , Mark G , Burke M C , El-Chami M , Belott P , Mackall J , Gold M
Published: June 2020

Funding Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Boston Scientific

The influence of anesthesia technique on the outcomes of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (SICD) implantation has not been prospectively evaluated.

The aim of the present analysis was to characterize the effect of anesthesia choice acutely and over a year follow-up in the large "real-world" cohort of the SICD Post Approval Study (SICD-PAS).

Patients received either general anesthesia (GA), conscious sedation (CS), or monitored anesthesia care (MAC) at the implanting physicians" discretion.  Acute results and complications over one year were compared between GA, CS and MAC.

1,631 patients were studied.  64.3% received GA , 29.2% received CS and 6.6% received MAC.  Procedure times were shortest for MAC versus GA and CS (Table 1).  Cross-over from CS and MAC to GA occurred in 2.9% and 1.9% of procedures, respectively.  The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in the MAC cohort compared with GA and CS.  GA patients were less often discharged the same day than CS and MAC.  Patients who had GA were more likely to have had intra-operative DFT testing, while successful DFT testing at implant did not differ among groups (Table 1).  At one year, freedom from total complications did not differ between groups (93.3% for GA, 92.9% for CS and 87.8% for MAC, p = 0.095) nor did freedom from inappropriate shocks (94% for GA, 94.2% for CS, 88.9% for MAC, p = 0.138) nor appropriate shocks (95.8% for GA, 95% for CS, 95% for MAC, p = 0.747).

All three anesthesia techniques had similar acute and one year outcomes but, despite having worse LVEF, patients who received MAC had shorter procedure times and infrequently required conversion to GA.  GA was associated with higher rates of next day patient discharge.  These results suggest that MAC may be preferred for the majority of patients. This observation should be confirmed with prospective trials.

Table 1:Characteristics and Outcomes Parameter Conscious Sedation General Anesthesia Monitored Anesthesia Care P value Gender[%(N/Total)] Male 68.1 (324/476) 69.3 (726/1048) 66.4 (71/107) 0.77 Age (years) mean ± SD 54 ± 15 53 ± 15 54 ± 13 0.61 Body Mass Index mean ± SD 30 ± 7 30 ± 8 29 ± 6 0.41 Creatinine (mg/dL) mean ± SD 2 ± 2 2 ± 4 2 ± 2 0.43 LVEF (%) mean ± SD 33 ± 15 32 ± 15 26 ± 9 <0.001 Procedure Time (min) mean ± SD 85 ± 42 75 ± 33 65 ± 30 <0.001 Same Day Discharge % 70.3% 64.3% 72.6% 0.03 DFT Attempted % 84% 89.1% 81.3% 0.004 Successful DFT % 98.7% 98.6% 98.8% 0.97
P485Re-interpretation of variants of uncertain significance in inherited cardiovascular diseases-A pilot study
Authors: Novelli V , Mazza D , Cammarano M , Quarta R , Curra M , Zeppilli P , Crea F , Tiziano F D , Genuardi M
Published: June 2020

Background- Identification of variants of uncertain signiﬁcance (VUSs) poses relevant challenges in counseling and managing patients. They have an unknown impact on health, making the genetic tests clinically irrelevant. Recent studies demonstrate that a routine reclassification analysis enables to reclassify from 20% to 80% of this type of variant, improving risk stratification.

Purpose- We investigated whether, in the context of inherited cardiac conditions, a review of the updated literature, including new functional data, allele frequency (GnomAD) and segregation analysis may help in the variant reclassification.

Methods- Retrospective review of all VUSs in genes associated with inherited cardiac conditions identified in our cardiogenetic clinic between 2016 and 2018.

Results- Thirty-one VUSs, classified using ACMG guidelines, were identified in 26 cases with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of inherited cardiovascular diseases, including Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy). Twentyfour variants were identified in well-defined causative genes (SCN5A, KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, DSP, DSG2, MYH7, TPM1, TNNI3, TNNT2, CACNA1C, MYL3) while the remaining variants were identified in minor genes with limited evidence to support their disease causation as, ANK2 and AKAP9 gene. Preliminary results of the reclassification analysis showed that two variants were downgraded to likely benign (LB) applying the BS1 criterion (allele frequency) and 4 variants were upgraded to likely pathogenic (LP) according to novel published data and family segregation studies. Moreover, further studies to assess cosegregation in other variants are still ongoing.

Conclusion- Based on our experience, 25% of variants of uncertain significance in well-defined causative genes, identified in patients with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of inherited cardiovascular disease, were reclassified. These findings suggest that re-evaluation of genetic test results should be performed routinely in all diagnostic labs, in order to improve risk stratification and identification of family members at high risk.
Modelling of pulse-like velocity ground motion during the 2018 Mw 6.3 Hualien earthquake, Taiwan
Authors: Lin Yen-Yu , Kanamori Hiroo , Zhan Zhongwen , Ma Kuo-Fong , Yeh Te-Yang
Published: June 2020

The 2018 February 6 Mw 6.3 Hualien earthquake caused severe localized damage in Hualien City, located 20 km away from the epicentre. The damage was due to strong (>70 cm s−1) and sharp (duration ∼2.5 s) velocity pulses. The observed peak ground-motion velocity in Hualien City symmetrically decays with distance from the nearby Milun fault. Waveforms observed on the opposite sides of the fault show reversed polarity on the vertical and N–S components while the E–W component is almost identical. None of the published finite-fault slip models can explain the spatially highly localized large velocity pulses. In this study, we show that an Mw 5.9 strike-slip subevent on the Milun fault at 2.5 km depth, rupturing from north to south at ∼0.9Vs speed, combined with site effects caused by surficial layers with low S-wave speed, can explain the velocity pulses observed at the dense strong-motion network stations. This subevent contributes only 25 per cent of the total moment of the 2018 Hualien earthquake, suggesting that a small local slip patch near a metropolis can dominate the local hazard. Our result strongly suggests that seismic hazard assessments should consider large ground-motion variabilities caused by directivity and site effects, as observed in the 2018 Hualien earthquake.
Counting Bounded Elements of a Number Field
Authors: Fraczyk Mikołaj , Harcos Gergely , Maga Péter
Published: June 2020

We estimate, in a number field, the number of elements and the maximal number of linearly independent elements, with prescribed bounds on their valuations. As a by-product, we obtain new bounds for the successive minima of ideal lattices. Our arguments combine group theory, ramification theory, and the geometry of numbers.
Final results of a phase II study of nivolumab in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Maruyama Dai , Terui Yasuhito , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Fukuhara Noriko , Choi Ilseung , Kuroda Junya , Ando Kiyoshi , Hattori Akira , Tobinai Kensei
Published: June 2020

Background

Many patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma show increased programmed death-1 ligand expression in Reed–Sternberg cells. We report the final results of a phase II study of nivolumab, an anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody, in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods

Japanese patients with previously treated classical Hodgkin lymphoma (aged ≥ 20 years) were administered nivolumab (3 mg/kg on Day 1 of 14-day cycles) until progressive disease, an unacceptable adverse event, or another clinically relevant reason. Treatment could continue beyond progressive disease at the investigator’s discretion in selected patients.

Results

Seventeen patients (median age: 63.0 years) were enrolled. The median follow-up was 38.8 months. One patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma was excluded from efficacy analyses. The centrally assessed overall response rate in 16 classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients was 87.5% (95% confidence interval = 61.7–98.4%) and the disease control rate was 93.8% (95% confidence interval = 69.8–99.8%). The median (95% confidence interval) duration of response and progression-free survival were 8.5 (2.4–12.6) and 11.7 (1.8–42.3) months, respectively. The 3-year overall survival rate was 80.4% (95% confidence interval = 50.6–93.2%). Nivolumab was continued beyond progressive disease in seven patients; six were alive at the data cut-off. Adverse drug reactions occurred in all 17 patients with grades 3–4 adverse drug reactions in eight patients and no grade 5 adverse drug reactions. Pulmonary toxicities occurred in five patients; four of these occurred ≥17 months after starting nivolumab.

Conclusion

Nivolumab is effective and tolerable in Japanese relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Continued monitoring may be necessary to detect late-onset pulmonary toxicities.

Clinical trial registration

JapicCTI-142755 (Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center).
Improving Value-at-Risk Prediction Under Model Uncertainty
Authors: Peng Shige , Yang Shuzhen , Yao Jianfeng
Published: June 2020

Several well-established benchmark predictors exist for value-at-risk (VaR), a major instrument for financial risk management. Hybrid methods combining AR-GARCH filtering with skewed-t residuals and the extreme value theory-based approach are particularly recommended. This study introduces yet another VaR predictor, G-VaR, which follows a novel methodology. Inspired by the recent mathematical theory of sublinear expectation, G-VaR is built upon the concept of model uncertainty, which in the present case signifies that the inherent volatility of financial returns cannot be characterized by a single distribution but rather by infinitely many statistical distributions. By considering the worst scenario among these potential distributions, the G-VaR predictor is precisely identified. Extensive experiments on both the NASDAQ Composite Index and S&P500 Index demonstrate the excellent performance of the G-VaR predictor, which is superior to most existing benchmark VaR predictors.
Hepatic tuberculosis masquerading as cholangiocarcinoma: an unusual differential for a liver mass
Authors: Maguire Christopher , Sivabalan Pirathaban , Jhamb Shaurya , Palamuthusingam Pranavan
Published: June 2020

A 54-year-old woman presented with an incidentally identified asymptomatic liver lesion with imaging characteristics suspicious for malignancy. She underwent a left hemihepatectomy for presumed cholangiocarcinoma. Histopathology revealed granulomas with microbiological investigations later revealing a diagnosis of isolated hepatic tuberculosis. There were no pulmonary or other disease sites identified. The patient has been medically managed for primary hepatic tuberculosis and remains well postoperatively. This case identifies a rare differential for a liver mass that needs to be considered in the clinicians’ workup.
Right lumbar abscess containing a gallstone—an unexpected late complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Marçal André , Pereira Ricardo Vaz , Monteiro Ana , Dias José , Oliveira António , Pinto-de-Sousa João
Published: June 2020

During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gallbladder perforation may occur leading to gallstone spillage and despite being rare, early or late complications may therefore develop. We report a case of a 79-year-old female, with a past medical history of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy 3 years earlier for symptomatic gallstones, admitted in the emergency department with a subcutaneous right lumbar abscess confirmed by computed tomography. Emergent abscess surgical drainage was performed and a gallstone was identified during saline lavage. Postoperative evolution was unremarkable and follow-up within a year was uneventful. Split gallstones due to gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be retrieved in order to reduce future complications.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: membership probabilities for stars in 32 open clusters from 3D kinematics
Authors: Jackson R J , Jeffries R D , Wright N J , Randich S , Sacco G , Pancino E , Cantat-Gaudin T , Gilmore G , Vallenari A , Bensby T , Bayo A , Costado M T , Franciosini E , Gonneau A , Hourihane A , Lewis J , Monaco L , Morbidelli L , Worley C
Published: June 2020

The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) observed many open clusters as part of its programme to spectroscopically characterize the various Milky Way populations. GES spectroscopy and Gaia astrometry from its second data release are used here to assign membership probabilities to targets towards 32 open clusters with ages from 1 to 3800 Myr, based on maximum likelihood modelling of the 3D kinematics of the cluster and field populations. From a parent catalogue of 14 398 individual targets, 5032 stars with uniformly determined 3D velocities, Teff, log g, and chemistry are assigned cluster membership with probability >0.9, and with an average probability of 0.991. The robustness of the membership probabilities is demonstrated using independent membership criteria (lithium and parallax) in two of the youngest clusters. The addition of radial velocities improves membership discrimination over proper motion selection alone, especially in more distant clusters. The kinematically selected nature of the membership lists, independent of photometry and chemistry, makes the catalogue a valuable resource for testing stellar evolutionary models and investigating the time evolution of various parameters.
Mapping dark matter and finding filaments: calibration of lensing analysis techniques on simulated data
Authors: Tam Sut-Ieng , Massey Richard , Jauzac Mathilde , Robertson Andrew
Published: June 2020

We quantify the performance of mass mapping techniques on mock imaging and gravitational lensing data of galaxy clusters. The optimum method depends upon the scientific goal. We assess measurements of clusters’ radial density profiles, departures from sphericity, and their filamentary attachment to the cosmic web. We find that mass maps produced by direct (KS93) inversion of shear measurements are unbiased, and that their noise can be suppressed via filtering with mrlens. Forward-fitting techniques, such as lenstool, suppress noise further, but at a cost of biased ellipticity in the cluster core and overestimation of mass at large radii. Interestingly, current searches for filaments are noise-limited by the intrinsic shapes of weakly lensed galaxies, rather than by the projection of line-of-sight structures. Therefore, space-based or balloon-based imaging surveys that resolve a high density of lensed galaxies could soon detect one or two filaments around most clusters.
A systematic search for galaxy proto-cluster cores at z ∼ 2
Authors: Ando Makoto , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Momose Rieko
Published: June 2020

A proto-cluster core is the most massive dark matter halo (DMH) in a given proto-cluster. To reveal the galaxy formation in core regions, we search for proto-cluster cores at z ∼ 2 in ${\sim}1.5\, \mathrm{deg}^{2}$ of the COSMOS field. Using pairs of massive galaxies [log (M*/M⊙) ≥ 11] as tracers of cores, we find 75 candidate cores, among which 54 per cent are estimated to be real. A clustering analysis finds that these cores have an average DMH mass of $2.6_{-0.8}^{+0.9}\times 10^{13}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, or $4.0_{-1.5}^{+1.8}\, \times 10^{13} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ after contamination correction. The extended Press–Schechter model shows that their descendant mass at z = 0 is consistent with Fornax-like or Virgo-like clusters. Moreover, using the IllustrisTNG simulation, we confirm that pairs of massive galaxies are good tracers of DMHs massive enough to be regarded as proto-cluster cores. We then derive the stellar mass function (SMF) and the quiescent fraction for member galaxies of the 75 candidate cores. We find that the core galaxies have a more top-heavy SMF than field galaxies at the same redshift, showing an excess at log (M*/M⊙) ≳ 10.5. The quiescent fraction, $0.17_{-0.04}^{+0.04}$ in the mass range 9.0 ≤ log (M*/M⊙) ≤ 11.0, is about three times higher than that of field counterparts, giving an environmental quenching efficiency of $0.13_{-0.04}^{+0.04}$. These results suggest that stellar mass assembly and quenching are accelerated as early as z ∼ 2 in proto-cluster cores.
Five-Day vs 10-Day Postexposure Chemoprophylaxis With Oseltamivir to Prevent Hospital Transmission of Influenza: A Noninferiority Randomized Open-Label Study
Authors: Lepen Lidija , Blagus Rok , Velušček Maša , Saletinger Rajko , Petrovec Miroslav , Bajrović Fajko F , Stupica Daša
Published: June 2020

Background

The efficacy and optimal duration of postexposure influenza prophylaxis with oseltamivir are undetermined in hospital settings, where immediate separation from index cases is not feasible.

Methods

In an open-label noninferiority randomized clinical trial in a single-center university hospital, the efficacy of 5-day vs 10-day postexposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir was compared in adult patients exposed to influenza who could not be immediately separated from index influenza cases. Influenza incidence was assessed for 10 days after discontinuing prophylaxis.

Results

Among 222 exposed patients (median age, 75 years; male 119; median Charlson Comorbidity Index, 5), 110 patients were assigned to 5 days of postexposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir, and 112 patients were assigned to the 10-day group. The median duration of exposure to influenza (interquartile range) was 2 (1–3) days. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the incidence of influenza was 2/110 (1.8%) in the 5-day group and 0/112 (0%) in the 10-day group (difference, 1.8 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI, –1 to 4.9 percentage points; P = .77).

Conclusions

For patients exposed to influenza in a hospital setting and who were not immediately separated from index cases, postexposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir resulted in low incidence of nosocomial influenza transmission. Five-day postexposure prophylaxis was noninferior to 10-day regimen.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registration

NCT03899571.
The Task of the Book of Mormon
Authors: Brown Samuel Morris
Published: June 2020

Joseph Smith saw himself as a seer called to rescue the Bible from Protestantism. Smith’s first scripture, his Book of Mormon, repaired, expanded, and revised the Protestant Bible in order to tell America’s primeval history. This Mormon scripture pointed out and exploited the Bible’s weaknesses even as it relied on the infrastructure of that very Bible. The Book of Mormon demonstrated strength where the Bible showed weakness—access to original manuscripts, plain language, canonization, transmission, ecclesiastical direction, and translation itself. The Book of Mormon wasn’t ever intended to be an independent scripture, but instead to be integrated with the Bible it had transformed. Through the Book of Mormon, Smith translated the Bible from one world and vision of scripture to another, in a way that obliterated the temporal separation of the generations of human history. He became thereby a time traveler, with scripture as his time machine.
Introduction
Authors: Evans Richard Kent
Published: June 2020

This chapter introduces the main argument of the book: that MOVE people believed, from the very early days of the group, that their leader, John Africa, was a prophet, that his teachings, both written and embodied, had miraculous effects on the body, and that the shared beliefs and practices that constituted MOVE were religious in nature. To MOVE people, Vincent Leaphart was John Africa, a prophetic figure who was capable of performing miracles, healing the sick and injured, and communicating on behalf of the divine. John Africa inspired a remarkable level of devotion in his followers, who called themselves his “disciples.” To many people outside the group—including the police, the court system, MOVE’s neighbors, and other religious groups—MOVE was anything but a religion. At almost every turn, MOVE, a group that was desperate to be recognized as a religion, found themselves categorized as secular.
The Formation of Genesis 1-11
Authors: Carr David M.
Published: June 2020

There is general agreement that study of the formation of the Pentateuch is currently in disarray. This book turns to the Genesis Primeval History, Genesis 1–11, to offer models for the formation of Pentateuchal texts that might have traction within this fractious context. Building on two centuries of historical study of Genesis 1–11, this book provides new support for the older theory that the bulk of Genesis 1–11 was created out of a combination of two originally separate source strata: a Priestly source and an earlier non-Priestly source that was used to supplement the Priestly framework. Though this overall approach contradicts some recent attempts to replace such source models with theories of post-Priestly scribal expansion, the author of this volume does find evidence of multiple layers of scribal revision in the non-P and P sources: from the expansion of an early independent non-Priestly primeval history with a flood narrative and related materials through to a limited set of identifiable layers of Priestly material that culminate in the P-like redaction of the whole. Finally, the book synthesizes prior scholarship to show how both the P and non-Priestly strata of Genesis also emerged out of a complex interaction by Judean scribes with nonbiblical literary traditions, particularly with Mesopotamian textual traditions about primeval origins.
Precursors to the Flood Narrative (Gen 6:5–9:17)
Authors: Carr David M.
Published: June 2020

Contrary to some recent proposals that the (incomplete) non-P flood narrative was a scribal extension of the Priestly flood story, this chapter begins by assembling the multiple strong arguments that the non-P flood narrative, though incompletely preserved, originated as part of a separate, pre-Priestly literary source. Both the flood narrative in this pre-Priestly source and its originally separate Priestly counterpart appear to have been modeled on earlier Mesopotamian traditions about the flood and rescue of a flood hero (especially as seen in the Atrahasis epic and tablet 11 of the Gilgamesh epic), even as the P flood narrative also seems to have been influenced in some respects by its pre-Priestly flood counterpart. The present complex form of Genesis 6:5–9:17 in turn is the product of the conflation of the P flood narrative with most parts of the non-P flood narrative, with both elements expanded at points with post-P conflational additions that coordinated them. At the other end of the formation process, this chapter builds a case that the non-P flood narrative was not an original part of the non-P primeval history. Rather, it appears to have been crafted as a literary extension of that history, contrasting with and yet connecting with that history in multiple respects.
A gun gap in voter turnout
Authors: Joslyn Mark R.
Published: June 2020

In Chapter 3, a cost–benefit political participation framework is used to demonstrate that gun owners, compared to nonowners, are more likely to vote and more likely to engage in political activity related to gun policy. The voter turnout advantage for gun owners is notable, has increased over the years, and continued during the 2016 presidential election. Data for reported votes and validated votes at presidential and congressional levels constitute the empirical analyses. In addition, gun owners who owned several guns showed the highest rates of electoral participation and gun policy activism. The implications of these findings for electoral politics are discussed.
Safer with a gun
Authors: Joslyn Mark R.
Published: June 2020

Chapter 4 examines people’s feelings about gun safety and the connection to gun policy preferences. Those who feel safe around guns are strong supporters of gun rights legislation. Those who feel threatened and not safe around guns prefer strict gun regulations. Personal experiences with guns and the prevalence of guns in people’s social lives are key factors that influence whether people perceive guns as dangerous and a threat to their well-being or safe and a means of protection. Feelings about personal safety or threat are palpable and animate the gun debate in American politics. Given the strong ties between such feelings and gun policy preferences, it is not surprising gun politics are often heated and end in stalemate.
Flaming?
Authors: Jones Alisha Lola
Published: June 2020

Flaming?: The Peculiar Theopolitics of Fire and Desire in Black Male Gospel Performance examines the rituals and social interactions of African American men who use gospel music-making as a means of worshiping God and performing gendered identities. Prompted by the popular term “flaming” that is used to identify over-the-top or peculiar performance of identity, Flaming? argues that these men wield and interweave a variety of multivalent aural-visual cues, including vocal style, gesture, attire, and homiletics, to position themselves along a spectrum of gender identities. These multisensory enactments empower artists (i.e., “peculiar people”) to demonstrate modes of “competence” that affirm their fitness to minister through speech and song. Through a progression of transcongregational case studies, Flaming? observes the ways in which African American men traverse tightly knit social networks to negotiate their identities through and beyond the worship experience. Coded and “read” as either hypermasculine, queer, or sexually ambiguous, peculiar gospel performances are often a locus of nuanced protest, facilitating a critique of heteronormative theology while affording African American men opportunities for greater visibility and access to leadership. Same-sex relationships among men constitute an open secret that is carefully guarded by those who elect to remain silent in the face of traditional theology, but musically performed by those compelled to worship “in Spirit and in truth.” This book thus examines the performative mechanisms through which black men acquire an aura of sexual ambiguity, exhibit an ostensible absence of sexual preference, and thereby gain social and ritual prestige in gospel music circles.
“I Am Delivert!”
Authors: Jones Alisha Lola
Published: June 2020

Expanding upon previous research about the perceptions of black male vocal participation as queer, chapter 1 explores the sonic qualities of black men’s public renouncement of their gay identity through deliverance testimonies. In a culture where queer people are often regulated to a “don’t ask, don’t tell” social agreement, the testimonies of men delivered from homosexuality conform to what feminist writer Adrienne Rich referred to as compulsory heterosexuality. While deploying ethnomusicological, phonological, linguistic, critical race, and gender studies analysis, chapter 1 examines these delivered believers’ coded and textured performances of orality in Pentecostal worship: virtuosic singing, speaking in other tongues, preaching, and preaching-singing. Their accounts prompt (non-)verbal communication among spectators about what constitutes legitimate and sustained deliverance.
The End of Empathy
Authors: Compton John W.
Published: June 2020

The End of Empathy develops a theoretical framework to explain both the rise of white Protestant social concern in the latter part of the nineteenth century and its sudden demise at the end of the twentieth. The theory proceeds from the premise that religious conviction by itself is rarely sufficient to motivate empathetic political behavior. When believers do act empathetically—for example, by championing reforms that transfer resources or political influence to less privileged groups within society—it is typically because strong religious institutions have compelled them to do so. For much of the twentieth century, the “mainline” Protestant denominations and ecumenical groups performed this role. At key historical junctures—the Progressive Era, the New Deal, the civil rights movement—the nation’s informal religious establishment used its authority to mobilize rank-and-file churchgoers on behalf of government programs that increased economic opportunity and promoted civic inclusion. When this establishment collapsed in the late 1960s—thanks to a confluence of trends in the labor market, higher education, and residential mobility—it produced a large population of white suburbanites who had little reason to seek out mainline Protestant churches or heed their advice on the burning social questions of the day. The churches that flourished in the new age of personal autonomy were those that preached against attempts by government to promote a more equitable distribution of wealth and political authority.
The Churches Do Their Part
Authors: Compton John W.
Published: June 2020

This chapter shows how mainline Protestant religious leaders, often working in conjunction with Jewish and Catholic groups, were instrumental in building popular support for New Deal programs including unemployment insurance, the National Recovery Administration, and the Wagner Act. It shows that Protestant elites offered the Roosevelt administration a variety of tangible forms of assistance—from local educational sessions to letter-writing campaigns to “NRA Sundays”—that went well beyond their public expressions of support. Arguably the churches’ greatest contribution to the construction of the New Deal-era welfare state, however, was to serve as a bulwark against attacks from a growing cadre of proto-libertarian entities on the far right. So long as most Protestants attended mainline churches, and so long as mainline leaders were monolithic in their support of social welfare programs, claims that there was something un-American about redirecting resources to aid the downtrodden remained an exceedingly tough sell.
Arabian Knights
Authors: Devji Faisal
Published: June 2020

Global forms of militancy have accentuated the fragmentation of the Middle East as a region that is already divided economically between Europe and Asia and open to new influences from other Muslim lands. Sectarian conflict becomes possible in this context of fragmentation, giving global rather than regional meaning to the Muslim conflict and turning the Middle East into a symbolic form. The caliphate serves to name a new global vision of Islam beyond the Cold War geographies that had for so long defined politics and thought in the region.
“Everyone Is Just Waiting”
Authors: Toohey Peter
Published: June 2020

This chapter focuses on the experience of waiting rather than on the situation. Here is the author’s definition of waiting (with a little thanks to the Oxford English Dictionary online): “waiting entails the emotional experience of a situation that involves staying where you are until a particular time or event or until the arrival of a particular person—or both.” This definition places as much stress on the emotional situation of waiting as it does on the situation. The chapter focuses on three ways of representing this experience: through pairing, pausing, and fear.
Hall Porter Senf’s Wife Is in Labor
Authors: Toohey Peter
Published: June 2020

Where marriage, and babies, and friendship are at issue, the capacity to wait turns out to be very important. It appears to be the case, for marriage, for looking to babies, and for friendship, that you won’t stay with them—wait for them this is to say—unless you’ve had a lot of practice at affiliative interaction. In this chapter the author will attempt to illustrate how affiliative interaction becomes so important in the lives of some primates, vervet monkeys in this case, but also the endearing Hall Porter Senf from Vicki Baum’s novel, Grand Hotel. They demonstrate well that, if you haven’t stayed—waited—you won’t have managed any affiliative interaction.
Miles Davis Breaks for a Smoke
Authors: Toohey Peter
Published: June 2020

This chapter will be about pausing—it will focus mostly on waiting in performance and how this strategy can benefit the performance, and how as well it can benefit an audience’s experience of the performance—and how the power of the pausing can engender pleasure in the listeners. Pausing looks to the resumption of activity and is a period of waiting that takes place within, and sometimes at the beginning of some longer activity. This sort of pausing is also characterized by anticipation. That’s something the performer may feel, but it’s something that the audience seem to feel just as much, sometimes even more. This sort of a pause is a very exciting experience for the listener and the viewer, in music, in speaking, and in art.
Heaven Can Wait
Authors: Toohey Peter
Published: June 2020

In this chapter the focus moves to the empty chair, a symbol of death and of the departed. The author’s opinion is that there is no link to be found between waiting and the perception of the beyond, the afterlife, the transcendental, or even God, let alone the empty chair. Waiting, waiting for God, as it’s understood by some of the thinkers of this chapter, is little more than a situation, a handy idea, an idealized process, a mere symbol. Symbols are anyone’s business. Symbols can lead as readily to pornography as to the afterlife. In all of this the empty chair has been forgotten.
Musicians and the Industry
Authors: Whitmore Aleysia K.
Published: June 2020

This chapter shows how musicians translate their musics and cultures for European and North American audiences. Acting as businesspeople and artists, musicians work with industry personnel’s and audiences’ expectations to build their images, personae, and musics in ways that are satisfying for themselves and appealing to foreign audiences. The chapter shows how these musicians are historically aware cosmopolitan artists who continually (re)position themselves as they mediate personal identities, career goals, audience (mis)understandings, and the legacies of colonialism and postcolonial nationalism to create valuable musical experiences and products for themselves and for their European and American audiences. They (re)create ideas about their cultures, Africa, and the African diaspora as they use and push against discourses of alterity and universality.
Indus Waters
Authors: Raghavan Pallavi
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, I wish to offer a pre-history to the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Since the period that this book covers ends at 1952, and since I wish to situate the discussions around the treaty as a means of implementing the partition, it becomes particularly important to understand the considerations that affected the early stages of the Indus negotiations. I argue that although the Indus Waters Treaty, negotiated under the auspices of the World Bank, was signed only in 1960, over a decade after the partition, many of its clauses had built upon the assumptions that had been formed by 1950. Indeed, by 1951, both the source of the problem—the fear that enough water would not be allowed to flow in to Pakistan from the canals that had been built before the partition—as well as its solution—that new canal networks would have to be developed in a way that would satisfy the separate requirements of both India and Pakistan—were already apparent. The discussions around Indus waters in the years that immediately followed the partition, offer valuable insights into how the implementation of the partition was conceptualized.
Trade and Financial Relations between India and Pakistan
Authors: Raghavan Pallavi
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, I chart out how partition shifted the terms of trade between two points now divided by the boundary line. While, on the one hand, both governments made lofty declarations of carrying out trade with one another as independent nation states—taxable, and liable to regulations by both states—on the other, they were also forced to come to a series of arrangements to accommodate commercial transactions to continue in the way that they had always existed before the making of the boundary. In many instances, in fact, it was actually impossible to physically stop the process of commercial transactions between both sides of the border, and the boundary line. Therefore, the question this chapter is concerned with is the extent to which both governments’ positions were amenable to the necessities of contingency, demand, and genuine emergency, in the face of a great deal of rhetoric about how the Indian and Pakistani economies had to be bolstered on their own merits.
Felix Mendelssohn’s Reception of Bach’s Organ Works
Authors: Stinson Russell
Published: June 2020

This chapter investigates how Felix Mendelssohn responded to Bach’s organ music on the basis of new evidence garnered from a recently published edition of Mendelssohn’s letters. According to these documents, Mendelssohn “received” Bach’s organ works in a variety of musical and social contexts across Europe. Of particular importance is Mendelssohn’s response to a set of four-hand piano transcriptions of Bach’s organ chorales prepared by his friend J. N. Schelble.
New Light on Robert Schumann’s Bach Reception
Authors: Stinson Russell
Published: June 2020

This chapter considers how Robert Schumann responded to Bach’s organ chorales, as well as to his St. Matthew and St. John Passions, on the basis of newly unearthed archival materials. According to these documents, Schumann prepared an anthology of Bach’s organ chorales for his colleague Eduard Krüger, and he preferred the smaller dimensions and quicker pacing of the St. John Passion. Schumann’s wife Clara (the great pianist) also shared his enthusiasm for this work.
Calvin, the Bible, and History
Authors: Pitkin Barbara
Published: June 2020

Calvin, the Bible, and History investigates John Calvin’s distinctive historicizing approach to scripture. The book explores how historical consciousness manifests itself in Calvin’s engagement with the Bible, sometimes leading him to unusual, unprecedented, and occasionally deeply controversial exegetical conclusions. It reshapes the image of Calvin as a biblical interpreter by situating his approach within the context of premodern Christian biblical interpretation, recent Protestant hermeneutical trends, and early modern views of history. In an introductory overview of Calvin’s method and seven chapters focusing on his interpretation of different biblical books or authors, Barbara Pitkin analyzes his engagement with scripture from the Pentateuch to his reception of the apostle Paul. Each chapter examines intellectual or cultural contexts, situating Calvin’s readings within traditional and contemporary exegesis, broader cultural trends, or historical developments, and explores the theme of historical consciousness from a different angle, focusing, for example, on Calvin’s historicizing treatment of Old Testament prophecy, or his reflection of contemporary historiographical trends, or his efforts to relate the biblical past to present historical conditions. An epilogue explores the significance of these findings for understanding Calvin’s concept of history. Collectively these linked case studies illustrate the multifaceted character and expansive impact of his sense of history on his reading of the Bible. They demonstrate that Calvin’s biblical exegesis must be seen in the context of the rising enthusiasm for defining adequate and more formalized approaches to the past that is evident in the writings of Renaissance humanists, early modern historical theorists, and religious reformers across the confessional spectrum.
John Calvin’s Historicizing Interpretation of the Bible
Authors: Pitkin Barbara
Published: June 2020

This chapter makes the case for viewing John Calvin’s engagement with the Bible in light of contemporary concerns with history and historical method. It outlines the contexts of his exegetical program, including premodern exegetical traditions and their understandings of scripture’s historical sense as well as the broader intellectual milieu and the social, cultural, and political contexts that shaped his work. It delineates four central aspects of Calvin’s method: his commitment to continuous exposition and lucid brevity; his focus on the mind of the biblical author and prioritizing of the literal sense; his views on the authority of Paul and the exegetical tradition; and his theological assumptions about the scopus and unity of scripture. Finally, it provides a summary of the remaining chapters in the book.
History Past and History Present in Calvin’s Reception of Paul
Authors: Pitkin Barbara
Published: June 2020

This chapter takes up John Calvin’s central biblical authority, the apostle Paul. Because of Paul’s significance for the entirety of Calvin’s reforming program, this chapter broadens the focus from Calvin’s exegesis in order to determine the character of Calvin’s “Paulinism.” The investigation examines Calvin’s access to Paul; Calvin’s reception of Paul in his biblical exegesis (through his treatment Galatians 2 in commentary, sermon, and Bible study); the role of Paul in his reformation agenda (viewed through the program outlined in a 1543 treatise on reforming the church); and, finally, the ways in which Calvin can be considered a “Pauline” theologian (in the development of the Institutes). On the foundation of a historically informed reading of Paul, Calvin built a distinctive program of biblical exegesis, established a reformed church in Geneva, and developed a systematic theology that constituted the only serious rival to that of his mentor in Pauline studies, Philip Melanchthon.