bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with ischemic stroke with various severity of motor deficit
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, SAIKHUNOV R. M. , DANILOVA T. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2024

The purpose — to examine a link between cerebrovascular reactivity and the severity of motor deficits in patients experiencing the first ischemic stroke. Material and methods. The authors present the results of a comprehensive examination of 113 patients during the acute phase of their first diagnosed ischemic stroke. All patients underwent muscle strength assessment and cerebrovascular reactivity evaluation as part of the complex examination. Results. Five groups were identified based on the severity of paresis (scores 4 to 0). The reduction in muscle strength in each group significantly corresponded to a more pronounced decrease in cerebrovascular reactivity. However, there was no significant relationship between the degree of cerebral vessel stenosis and reactivity indicators. Conclusion. The degree of disruption in regulatory mechanisms of cerebral circulation is related to the severity of paresis. Assessing cerebral vascular reactivity during the acute phase of ischemic stroke has diagnostic value, and further studies are needed to understand its role in functional recovery.
Precluster symptoms and features of pathophysiologic mechanisms of cluster headaches
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, GAYNETDINOVA D. D. , VASILEV А. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, AGLIULLINA F. F. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of cluster headaches is about 0.4–1% in the general population and is more common than epilepsy and parkinsonism. This work examines several pathophysiologically significant ways for the disease development: the trigeminovascular pathway, the trigeminal-autonomic reflex with the release of several neuropeptides, and the involvement of the hypothalamus and its suprachiasmatic nucleus as the main circadian pacemaker in cluster headaches. The authors present data on the clinical manifestations of the attack and pre-cluster symptoms that occur in some patients several days before the onset of cluster headache. An average of 6 years may pass from the disease onset to the diagnosis and prescription of effective therapy. Awareness of pre-cluster symptoms allows for the preventive treatment of a cluster headache attack to reduce the duration and intensity of clinical manifestations and, as a result, reduce the negative impact of the disease on various aspects of the patient’s life. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of cluster headaches, and consequently, the difficulties in making a timely diagnosis, as well as the clinically significant role of concomitant diseases on the disease course and the treatment effectiveness, require further study of this problem and the application of the results obtained in clinical practice.
Using antifibrotic therapy in patients with interstitial lung diseases with a progressive fibrotic phenotype
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, SHAMSUTDINOVA N. G. , DYAKOVA E. V. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, SHAKIROVA G. R. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NURULLIN B. KH. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, YEFIMOVA D. M. ,   Kazan State Medical University, VOLKOVA A. S. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KURSINA V. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2024

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by damage to the alveolar walls, interalveolar septa, and pulmonary capillary walls and leading to fibrotic remodeling of these structural components. The processes of fibroblast hyperproliferation and collagen deposition may occur with different severity and speed depending on the pattern prevailing in the ILD structure. Currently, experts identify a progressive fibrotic phenotype — a variant of the ILD course with a rapid increase in pulmonary fibrosis. In the practice of a pulmonologist today, patients with the progressive phenotype remain among the most difficult to manage. The purpose — to evaluate the effectiveness of antifibrotic therapy in patients observed at the advisory clinic of Republic Clinical Hospital of Tatarstan. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 16 outpatient records of patients diagnosed with ILD with a fibrosing phenotype was conducted before starting an antifibrotic drug (nintedanib) and 6 months after prescription. All patients underwent a general clinical examination, spirometry, a 6-minute walk test, and high-resolution multislice computed tomography at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Results. 7 patients (43.8%) were diagnosed with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 4 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 4 with ILD-associated autoimmune diseases, 2 with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, fibrotic phenotype. The median parameters of spirometry and the 6-minute walk test before and after 6 months of therapy are presented. Conclusion. Antifibrotic therapy is a safe therapy for patients with fibrosing ILD. All patients tolerated nintedanib therapy satisfactorily. The antifibrotic therapy led to stabilization of spirometry parameters.
Clinical case of monomyelic form of melorheostosis (Leri — Joanny disease)
Authors:   Republic Clinical Hospital, TEPLOV O. V. , CHEKUNOV M. A. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, GALIMOV D. KH. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, NURIAKHMETOV A. N. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, SALIKHOV R. Z. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital
Published: October 2024

The article presents a clinical case of melorheostosis with lesion of the left lower limb in a 30-year-old woman, involving the hip, knee joints, and foot lesion. Arthrotomy with removal of osteophytes in the posterior part of the knee joint and removal of osteophytes of the foot were performed. In the postoperative period, peroneal nerve neuropathy developed, which required neurolysis and a course of conservative treatment; the neuritis resolved. Later, total hip arthroplasty of the left hip joint was performed and the function of the limb was restored. New surgical interventions may be required in the future.
Chronic kidney disease in HIV—associated nephropathy
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHAFINA T. N. , MAKSUDOVA A. N. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NURULLINA G. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, FAKHRUTDINOVA O. YU. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, ISLAMOVA G. M. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, MATSAK N. L. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2024

The problem of HIV infection remains relevant not only around the world, but also in the Russian Federation. An urgent problem of nephrology is HIV-associated kidney damage, including HIV-associated nephropathy (VAN-AN), immunocomplex HIV-associated kidney disease (HIV-AKD) and thrombotic microangiopathy, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTIN) on the background of antiretroviral therapy. The article examines a clinical observation of a HIV patient who was taking antiretroviral therapy irregularly. The patient developed a rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis, which led to the formation of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Multiple subtypes of tremor-dominant form of Parkinson’s disease: diagnostic and therapeutic significance
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, ZALYALOVA Z. A. , MUNASIPOVA S. E. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ERMAKOVA M. M. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2024

Tremor is one of the most common motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and affects up to 75% of patients. The tremolous form of PD is heterogeneous in clinical manifestations. Along with classic rest tremor, patients with PD may experience postural and kinetic types of the tremor, which reflects the multimodal mechanism of its formation. Classifications of PD are constantly changing, including within the tremor-dominant form. The varied responses to levodopa also reflect the role of multiple underlying pathophysiological processes. New, non-antiparkinson drugs are being studied. Evidence of the effectiveness of advanced neurosurgical, non-invasive treatment methods is not always convincing; there are no large-scale comparative studies assessing their effectiveness in patients with tremor-dominant forms of PD.
Mineral density of bone tissue in young patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy, ABDULGANIEVA D. I. , MYASOUTOVA E. R. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, KUPKENOVA L. M. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, SHAMSUTDINOVA N. G. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, ODINTSOVA A. KH. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, SADYKOVA L. R. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, CHEREMINA N. A. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, YANGURAZOVA A. R. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by the development of various systemic manifestations. One of the significant extraintestinal manifestations of IBD is a decrease in mineral density (BMD) (demineralization) of bone tissue and osteoporosis (OP). The pathogenesis of decreased BMD is multifactorial: the activity of immune inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, medication intake, malnutrition (low calcium intake), decreased muscle and fat mass, vitamin D deficiency, as well as other factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis in such patients. Despite various studies examining the prevalence of decreased BMD in patients with IBD, data vary widely, ranging from 17 to 77%. The purpose is to evaluate BMD, levels of bone resorption markers in young patients with IBD, and to evaluate the relationship between BMD and osteosynthesis markers. Materials and methods. 62 patients with a verified diagnosis of IBD were examined: 30 patients had Crohn’s disease (CD), 32 patients had ulcerative colitis (UC). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, a double-absorption X-ray densitometric study with determination of BMD and bone mineral content (BMC), as well as determination of bone resorption parameters — osteocalcin, Beta-Crosslaps (C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen) and marker determination formation of bone matrix P1NP. The level of the mineral part of bone mass was measured using the bioimpedance method on the ABC-02 «MEDASS» apparatus. Results: Seven patients with IBD (11%) had low BMD for chronological age. The median values of BMD, osteocalcin, Beta-Crosslaps, and bone matrix formation marker P1NP in the general group of patients with IBD, as well as in the subgroups of patients with CD and UC are presented. A clinical example is presented. Conclusion. Diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with IBD is difficult for several reasons. It is important to assess the presence of risk factors in conjunction with laboratory and instrumental examinations.
ЖОЛ ИНФРАҚҰРЫЛЫМЫНЫҢ САПАСЫ МЕН ҚАУІПСІЗДІГІН АРТТЫРУ ҮШІН ПОЛИМЕР БИТУМЫН ПАЙДАЛАНУ ПЕРСПЕКТИВАСЫ
Authors: Калимолдина Лайла , Әбілқасова С.О. , Қожайсақова M.A. , Сырымова Ж.Р. , Сұлтанаева А.Ә.
Published: October 2024

Республика аумағында көмірсутектердің едәуір қоры бар. Қою қоңыр мұнайды синтетикалық мұнайға өңдеудің технологиялық процесі және қою қоңыр мұнайды алудың экологиялық және оңтайлы әдістерін әзірлеу тек Қазақстанда ғана емес, бүкіл әлемде өзекті мәселе болып табылады.
Бүгінгі таңда көлік инфрақұрылымына жүктеменің артуына байланысты жол төсемдерінің сапасы мен қауіпсіздігін арттыратын ғылыми зерттеулер мен озық технологияларды енгізу маңызды болып табылады. Оларды шешу жолдарының бірі – жол құрылысында полимерлі қоспалары бар асфальтбетонды пайдалану. Алматы қаласында жүргізілген сынақтар бұл технологияның жарылуға, жарықшақтарға және климаттық әсерлерге төзімділігін қамтамасыз ететінін көрсетті.
Қазіргі уақытта битум жыныстарының органикалық бөлігін бейорганикалық компоненттердің, құмның, саздың, судың және газдың тығыз қоспасынан бөлудің көптеген әдістері белгілі. Сондықтан органикалық бөлікті бөлудің әрбір әдісі,  мұнай битум жыныстарының минералды құрамының әртүрлі механизмі қарастырылған.
Бұл жұмыста битумның екі түрінің физикалық және химиялық қасиеттерін салыстырмалы бағалау болды:  бастапқы битум (70/100 маркалы) және полимерлі битум (СБС маркалы). Зерттеу жұмысында полимермен битумды модификациялауда физикалық және химиялық қасиеттері зерттелді.
Зерттеу жұмысының мақсаты битумды байланыстырғыштардың физикалық қасиеттерін олардың химиялық құрамына негізделген айырмашылықтарын зерттеу болды. Бұл зерттеуде екі байланыстырғыш материалы таңдалды, бірақ олардың асфальттау дәрежесі әртүрлі болды.
Битумды материалдардың Фраас, сақина-шар әдісімен, пенетрация, реологиялық, физика-химиялық қасиеттері зерттелді. Инфрақызыл (ИК) спектрлерді бағалау арқылы байланыстырғыштар мен олардың фракцияларындағы функционалдық топтар сипатталды.
Зерттеу полимерлі битумының өнімділігі мен тұрақтылығын жақсартуға, қоспалардың мөлшерін оңтайландыруға және үнемді конструкцияларды жасауға бағытталған.
Бұл зерттеудің нәтижелері олардың химиясына негізделген байланыстырушы заттардың физикалық қасиеттеріндегі айырмашылықтарды түсіну үшін битумды байланыстырғыштарға арналған жаңа аналитикалық тәсілді құру үшін пайдаланылуы мүмкін.
SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A NEW COMPLEX FERRITE
Authors: Madiyarova Altynai , Mataev M.M. , Patrin G.S. , Abdraimova M.R. , Nurbekova M.A.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the synthesis of new complex ferrite, radiographic and electron microscopic studies. The phase of complex ferrites was synthesized by the method of high-temperature sol-gel synthesis. For the first time, the structure of CrKFe2O5 Composite ferrite was studied by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscope methods, the syngony type, elementary cell parameters, radiographic and pycnometric densities, and elemental analysis were determined. A comparative analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the Crystal cell of primary substances and the parameters of the obtained complex ferrite Crystal cell was carried out. Micro-samples were taken from different parts of the crystallite obtained through a scanning electron microscope, the elemental composition of the crystals was analyzed, and the general type of layer of the complex ferrite surface was demonstrated. As a result, the fact that the compound consists of two phases, the clarity of its construction was determined by the topography and chemical composition of the compound.  As a result, it was found that the newly synthesized complex ferrite corresponds to the Formula CrKFe2O5. The particle size of the compounds formed is large (between 200 μm, 20.0 μm, 5.00 μm and 2.00 μm).
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ АМИНОВ МЕТОДАМИ ПОТЕНЦИОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО И КОНДУКТОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ТИТРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Акурпекова А.К. , Нефедов А.Н. , Тайекенова А.Т. , Кургузикова С.А. , Бейсенбаев Д.К.
Published: October 2024

В потоках углеводородных газов, образующихся при переработке нефти, а также в природных газах и попутных газах нефтяных месторождений могут присутствовать такие соединения, как сероводород и углекислота, которые необходимо удалять в целях снижения коррозионной активности газовых сред. Наиболее широко применяемыми являются абсорбционные методы очистки углеводородных газов от H2S и CO2, в которых используются химические и физические абсорбенты и их комбинации. Из хемосорбентов наиболее широко применяются алканоламины. Наиболее известными алканоламинами, используемыми в процессах очистки газа от Н2S и CO2, являются: моноэтаноламин (МЭА), диэтаноламин (ДЭА), метилдиэтаноламин (МДЭА)
В работе предлагаются методики определения концентрации аминов в водных растворах методами кондуктометрии и потенциометрического титрования. Проводится сравнение двух методов анализа. Для определения алканоламинов в водных растворах, имеющих процентные концентрации (5-40%), возможно потенциометрическое титрование, т. к. алканоламины являются слабыми основаниями с щелочной реакцией их водных растворов. Сложность определения алканоламинов возникает при содержании в растворах других веществ, имеющих щелочную реакцию и завышающих таким образом содержание алканоламинов. При потенциометрическом титровании, несмотря на линейную зависимость, расчетное содержание ДЭА в растворе получается выше, чем его фактическое значение. Точное определение концентрации ДЭА потенциометрическим методом возможно для растворов не выше 5% содержания алканоламина. Метод определения концентрации ДЭА путем измерения проводимости более чувствительный. Концентрация ДЭА может быть определена методом кондуктометрического титрования в диапазоне от 1 до 12% ДЭА.
Global existence and blow-up of solutions for mixed local and nonlocal hyperbolic equations
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Zhang Binlin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider the following mixed local and nonlocal hyperbolic equation: u t t − Δ u + μ ( − Δ ) s u = | u | p − 2 u , in  Ω × R + , u ( x , 0 ) = u 0 ( x ) , u t ( x , 0 ) = u 1 ( x ) , in  Ω , u ( x , t ) = 0 , in  ( R N ∖ Ω ) × R 0 + , where s ∈ ( 0 , 1 ), N > 2, p ∈ ( 2 , 2 s ∗ ], μ is a nonnegative real parameter, Ω ⊂ R N is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary ∂ Ω, Δ is the Laplace operator, ( − Δ ) s is the fractional Laplace operator. By combining the Galerkin approach with the modified potential well method, we obtain the global existence, vacuum isolating, and blow-up of solutions for the aforementioned problem, provided certain assumptions are fulfilled. Specifically, we study the existence of global solutions for the above problem in the cases of subcritical and critical initial energy levels, as well as the finite time blow-up of solutions. Then, we investigate the blow-up of solutions for the above problem in the case of supercritical initial energy level, as well as upper and lower bounds of blow-up time of solutions.
European Integration and Expansion as a Transmission of Institutions
Authors: Drulák Petr
Published: October 2024

This paper offers a non-traditional perspective on European integration. In it, integration is conceived of as the transfer of national, domestic institutions onto the international level. The goal of the paper is to show that the transfer of institutions, i.e. their export and import, are not peculiar to the relationship between the European Union and candidate countries, but that they represent a universal element of international politics throughout the centuries, which has only taken on a new form within the European integration process that began at the end of World War II.
To understand how such transfers of decision making occur, the paper utilizes a theoretical perspective that combines the realist theory of power with constructivist theories of identity and the nature of the international system. Depending on the distribution of power, the international system is either balanced or unbalanced. Identity is considered a dynamic element that drives the state to expand and project its national institutions abroad. The author believes it is possible to distinguish between a Westphalian and post-Westphalian international order. Thus the paper looks for connections between three variables: institutional identity, distribution of power and the international system. The article concentrates on three major ways in which a state can transfer its institutions abroad. Uninvited exports, targeting the domestic order of another state, are associated with unbalanced relations within the Westphalian system, while international exports, targeting the interstate level, are related to balanced relations within the Westphalian system. Supranational exports, targeting the supranational level, originate within balanced, post-Westphalian relationships – the author specifically mentions the European Coal and Steel Community – and they have become a defining feature of European integration.
The replacement of international institutional exports with supranational ones is considered a decisive factor in the transition from the Westphalian to a post-Westphalian system. Institutional exports appear in connection with EU enlargement as well. These exports take place in a Westphalian context and represent the necessary conditions of entry for the present candidate countries into the post-Westphalian system.
The Slovene Road into Europe
Authors: Druláková Radka
Published: October 2024

Slovenia was established in 1991 by its secession from the Yugoslav Federation. This was preceded by various events which we can classify as economic, social, politico-economic and international policy causes. They determined the modus operandi of the new state in international policy and alongside traditions dating back to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the first and second Yugoslavia, they were the starting point of its foreign policy.
The first foreign policy representation decided that a small state such as Slovenia needed to be anchored in international structures, above all, by its membership in international governmental organizations, whether of a worldwide or regional nature (UN, WTO, the Council of Europe, OSCE, the IMF, BRD, CEFTA, CEI and others). Slovenia intends to be a standard democratically and economically advanced country and its efforts along this road are undeniable. Good relations with its neighbours (Italy, Croatia, Austria and Hungary) are important for Slovene foreign policy, although certain disputes still need to be settled with the two former, possibly with the first three mentioned countries. Slovenia’s priority in the security dimension is membership in NATO. The economic priority of the country’s foreign policy is membership in the European Union (EU) even though certain alternatives of integration have been discussed. An application for membership in the EU has been submitted in June 1996 and intensive negotiating processes are currently in progress.
The Czech Republic and Slovenia have certain common problems on their road to the EU (for example, in the field of transformation, relations with their neighbours economic development, the assessment of the Commission, etc.). Public opinion and political parties in the Czech Republic and in Slovenia mainly support accession to the EU.
Among all the candidates, Slovenia is among the economically most advanced countries (it was included in the first wave as it prevailed at the time) and its chances to be accepted are not negligible.
Intervención sistémica en los factores psicosociales para mejorar la salud organizacional: Un caso de implementación en Ecuador
Authors: Marrero Laceria Virginia , Arias-Rivera Shirley
Published: October 2024

Toda Organización laboral o empresa es un sistema dinámico y complejo que posee una estructura, se relaciona con el contexto socioeconómico y cultural donde desarrolla su actividad y tiene una finalidad propia. Cuando las condiciones de trabajo y las características individuales de quienes componen una empresa entran en conflicto pueden producir un estado de malestar que afecta negativamente el proceso relacional dentro de la organización, pero también convertirse en factores de riesgo para la salud mental de sus trabajadores/as. Sobre esta base se ha desarrollado un programa de intervención que consta de 21 talleres que abordan tres áreas relacionadas con las condiciones psicosociales del trabajo: 1) aspecto holístico (estado de alienación y niveles de estrés laboral); 2) centradas en las relaciones hombre-trabajo (satisfacción laboral e involucramiento) y 3) centrados en las relaciones interpersonales (apoyo social y clima sociopsicológico del colectivo). Entre los principales resultados en las empresas donde se ha llevado a cabo, se refiere la cohesión a nivel del grupo, mejoras en los niveles de satisfacción laboral, aumento de productividad y disminución de agotamiento por el trabajo. Entre los retos principales se encuentra la evaluación del programa bajo los parámetros de programas basados en la evidencia.
ANALYSIS OF BIRD'S NEST BUSINESS TOWARDS INCREASING COMMUNITY INCOME IN PELIMBANGAN VILLAGE, CENGAL DISTRICT, OGAN KOMERING ILIR REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Helida Asvic , Syahroni, S.P, M.Si Sasua Hustati , Hariyansa Hariyansa
Published: October 2024

Indonesia is one of the countries that has abundant biological natural resources, South Sumatra is a province with a population that is very interested in the swallow's nest business, especially OganKomeringIlir Regency is one of the areas with a large population of swiftlets so many entrepreneurs build nest buildings swallow in the region. The purpose of this study was to find out how the economic level and the economic impact of the community's swallow's nest business in Pelimbangan Village. This research method uses qualitative research methods. In this study, the first data collection technique was used by questionnaire research and the second used the interview method. Based on the results of the research, the researchers concluded that the economic level of the people in Pelimbangan Village, the existence of swallow's nest business, increased the community's income, receipts in one month Rp. 6,444,142 as well as the economic impact of the community on the swallow's nest business in the village of Pelimbangan.
Continuation problem of the electromagnetic field in the frequency domain for horizontally layred media
Authors:   Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan university, Orman I , Kurmashev I , Karchevsky A ,   Sobolev Insritute of Mathematics SB RAS
Published: October 2024

The paper presents analytical expressions for solving the problem of continuation of the electromagnetic field in the frequency domain for a horizontally layered medium. The numerical solution algorithm uses layerwise recalculation of the required quantities, for which analytical expressions are presented in a form that allows calculations and layerwise recalculation without the accumulation of rounding errors. The solution to the continuation problem is obtained as a solution to the cost functional minimization problem. The strong convexity of the functional is proven, which implies the existence of a unique solution to the problem posed.
Alumni’s Intention-to-Engage Analysis: Quantitative Approach in Kazakhstani University
Authors:   Kazakh-British Technical University, Smolyakova E.S. , Syrlybay A.B. ,   Kazakh-British Technical University
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore graduates' willingness to participate in and contribute to their alma mater in the Kazakhstani context. Rather than focusing on the activities graduates engage in, such as volunteering and donations, this research seeks to understand graduates' time and desire to participate in various activities, events, and communications. By understanding the average maximum potential of graduates and the categories of activities they are willing to participate in, this research will provide insights for better engaging graduates in the future. The study utilized a quantitative research design, collecting data through a questionnaire adapted from the literature review. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, revealing average lower levels of intention to engage in alumni activities among graduates. The analysis also explored the interaction between graduation year and work position, suggesting that respondents tend to have higher work positions as time passes since graduation. However, no significant differences regarding interest in alumni activities were found between work positions or years after graduation.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ЗАСАДАХ ЗСП
Authors: Тищенко Дмитро
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена пошуку шляхів оптимізації фінансового забезпечення цифрової трансформації підприємств шляхом впровадження збалансованої системи показників, що дозволяє забезпечити інтеграцію фінансових та стратегічних цілей у процесах управління. В ході дослідження розроблено ефективну модель побудови збалансованої системи показників, яка сприяє не лише підтримці цифрової трансформації, але й оптимізації процесів управління завдяки точному моніторингу та аналізу даних. Особлива увага приділяється визначенню, нормуванню показників та організації збору інформації, що дозволяє виявляти слабкі місця в діяльності підприємств і ухвалювати обґрунтовані фінансові рішення. Використання відносних показників дає змогу більш точно оцінювати ефективність і проводити порівняльний аналіз, що є важливим для адаптації стратегій управління в умовах цифрової трансформації.
ЕКОНОМІЧНІ РИЗИКИ: ПОНЯТТЯ,СУТНІСТЬ, ПІДХОДИ ДО УПРАВЛІННЯ НИМИ У ПРОМИСЛОВОМУ МАРКЕТИНГУ
Authors: Тітов Владислав
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню проблеми ризиків промислових підприємств. Детальне теоретичне дослідження великого спектру наукових джерел дозволило автору сформувати лаконічне тлумачення категорії «ризик промислових підприємств»: «Це невизначеність, потенційна ймовірність відхилення від запланованих цілей та очікуваних результатів». Практичне значення мають розробленої автором пропозиції антикризових управлінських заходів по усуненню негативного впливу ризиків у мирний час та в умовах військової агресії. Метою даної статті є публікація результатів проведеної автором наукової роботи на предмет визначення дефініції «ринок промислового підприємства» та формуванню системи антикризових управлінських заходів по усуненню негативного впливу ризиків для забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємств промислового маркетингу.
SENTIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF TEXTS BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING METHODS TO MONITOR PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS CORRUPTION
Authors:   Sumy State University, Bozhenko Victoria , Honcharuk Ivan ,   Sumy State University
Published: October 2024

Monitoring public attitudes towards corruption is critical for governments, organisations and researchers seeking to understand the causes of its spread and ways to prevent and counteract these destructive processes in society. The article is devoted to analysing the corruption-related tone of media publications and making an analysis of the content on corruption in the world and in Ukraine. The relevance of solving this scientific problem is due to the fact that the use of machine learning methods allows processing large amounts of data from various sources and obtaining a detailed and dynamic understanding of public attitudes towards corruption. The article analyses the areas of application of sentiment analysis at different levels of economic relations. Machine learning methods, namely the VADER analyser, were used to study the tone of the text of publications about corruption. The articles published in The Guardian were selected for analysis. The study period was 2021– 2024. For the analysis of the text tone, Orange Data Mining was chosen. The study of the issue of tone of texts in the media in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: collection of text data on corruption, data pre-processing (cleaning and preparing the text for classification), transformation of textual data into numerical representations for machine learning models, and sentiment classification based on machine learning methods. The study found that during the first six months of the year with about 910 publications on corruption issues were published annually. One third of the corruption stories in The Guardian in 2022 mentioned Ukraine. The analysis showed that the dominant emotional tone of articles about corruption in the world was negative. At the same time, the emotional colouring of news texts on corruption in Ukraine is more negative compared to world news on similar issues. The results of the study are of practical importance and can be used by non-governmental organizations, government institutions and international organisations in assessing the effectiveness of policies to prevent and combat corruption in the country.
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE ESSENCE OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM
Authors:   State Tax University, Brytan Vadym
Published: October 2024

In the current economic environment, characterized by a high level of instability and risks, the issue of financial security of the banking system is of particular relevance. The banking sector, being a key element of the country’s financial system, plays a crucial role in ensuring economic growth and stability. Today, the Ukrainian banking system is going through rather difficult times, mainly due to military operations and political instability, which creates preconditions for new challenges and threats it has never faced before. All this indicates that now, more than ever, it is necessary to pay considerable attention to ensuring the sustainable functioning of the banking sector, as it is a key element in the formation and maintenance of the financial security of the state as a whole. The problem of ensuring the financial security of banks under martial law in Ukraine is a new area of research for the Ukrainian community of scholars. The current situation in the scientific support of the formation of the financial security system of commercial banks in Ukraine indicates conceptual miscalculations. The banking sector, which actually exists as a holistic phenomenon, does not have a complete adequate theoretical and methodological systemic reflection. There is also no full-fledged methodological framework for solving specific problems of protecting banking institutions. There is also a lack of research on clarifying basic concepts. For example, there is no scientifically based concept and mechanism for ensuring the financial security of banking activities, no systematic description of the types and content of threats to the financial security of banking institutions, no thorough description of financial regulators of the security and stability of the banking system. At the same time, a clear definition of the essence of the financial security of the banking system depends on: identifying and classifying threats; forming a system for ensuring the financial security of banking institutions; clarifying the place and role of various actors in this system; and a reasonable formulation of their tasks and functions. Therefore, the study of the theoretical foundations of the essence of financial security of banks is critical for the development of effective mechanisms for protection and management of all risks in the banking sector.
MARKETING TOOLS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Verbytska Anna
Published: October 2024

The paper is devoted to the formation of practical recommendations for the usage of marketing tools for the development of social enterprises, which will contribute to their effective functioning in the conditions of uncertainty. The article presents the marketing environment of a social enterprise. The ecosystem of social entrepreneurship as a part of the modern business environment includes key market players (suppliers, intermediaries, companies, competitors and customers). There is an exception in comparing social and traditional enterprise: customers of goods or services produced by social enterprises are usually not consumers or target customers of the corresponding products. In many cases, the decision maker is the party paying, such as a government, foundation, or individual sponsor. In addition, the target audience of a social enterprise includes not only customers as consumers of the product, but also beneficiaries (population groups to whom the mission of the social enterprise is directed). In many cases, the beneficiary receives access to services for free or at reduced prices through the payer (client). This additional profile of the client actually causes the need for additional research, because in the case of social entrepreneurship, the focus on marketing strategy differs from traditional business in certain features. Unlike traditional entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs should not only work on maximizing their profits, they should also care about social impact and increasing positive brand reputation. Like a traditional business, a social enterprise faces competitors in the market who may or may not have better market offerings and may or may not be socially oriented. Challenges regarding the marketing of social enterprises have been identified: an ambiguous attitude to marketing on the part of social entrepreneurs, which is associated with insufficient understanding of marketing and its interpretation exclusively as a tool for profit maximization; lack of a clear understanding of the target audience, which leads to uncertainty in the development of marketing messages and strategies; a limited number of successful examples of social enterprises to refer to, which reduces motivation and confidence in the effectiveness of marketing efforts for aspiring social entrepreneurs. Marketing tools for social enterprises are provided to help define the target market and brand social values and mission.
ECOLOGIZATION OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE CITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Zakharov Denys
Published: October 2024

One of the obstacles to the development of ecological transport in Ukraine is the insufficient number of specialized bicycle paths and associated bicycle infrastructure, the insufficient number of electric cars (both cars and trucks), the slow transition of public transport to environmentally friendly means of transportation. Therefore, the further greening of the transport system of Ukrainian cities is a very urgent issue. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to highlight the advantages and justify the urgent need to transfer the foreign experience of sustainable urban mobility and greening of transport to the existing conditions of Ukrainian society. The article discusses priority directions for the development of ecological types of transport, obstacles that stand in the way of greening the transport system of Ukrainian cities, and proposes an action plan aimed at avoiding various types of risks associated with the greening of transport. The relationship between the availability of certain types of transport, the state of the environment and the health of the population is recognized all over the world. It has been proven that it affects the economic indicators of the country’s development. Therefore, European countries calculate the economic effect of expanding the existing bicycle infrastructure based on this relationship. Cities with positive experience in this matter should share their experiences of creating sustainable, comfortable and healthy urban areas, and a single unified action mechanism for promoting such an eco-approach should be developed for decision-makers. Similar transformations are fully available to Ukrainian cities. They are relatively inexpensive. The article proves that in the post-war period it will be necessary to apply a comprehensive approach to the development of sustainable urban mobility (necessarily taking into account the specifics of each city), which should satisfy the needs of the population for high-quality, comfortable, easy and safe movement, complete the integration of the bicycle network into the general transport system of Ukrainian cities.
ADAPTATION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE MODERN ECONOMY
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Dulik Tetiana , Taranenko Viktoriia ,   University of Customs and Finance, Aleksandriuk Tetiana ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of social protection systems in the context of technological development and demographic changes, as well as to the study of strategies for their adaptation to new conditions to overcome the challenges of the modern national economy. The basic methods of the article are scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalisation, which were used to study social protection systems; to identify the existing challenges of the modern economy caused by technological and demographic changes and their impact on social protection systems, as well as the comparison method, which demonstrated the existing problematic issues in the national social protection system and the development of strategies for its further development. The article establishes that changes in the modern economy, technology and demography require adaptation of social protection systems to new conditions. In this context, the article describes the content of social protection systems; substantiates the role of technological development in adapting social protection systems; considers demographic challenges and their impact on social protection systems; identifies innovations in social protection systems; and summarises strategies for adapting social protection systems to overcome the challenges of the modern national economy. In addition, the impact of automation and artificial intelligence on the labour market and the need for social protection of working-age people due to forced unemployment is determined. The article identifies the possibilities of using digital technologies to optimise administrative processes and increase the availability of social protection services. At the same time, positive trends in the integration of information technology into the provision of social services in Ukraine have been identified. The author points out the consequences for pension systems and health care of the increase in the average age of the population and the decline in the number of labour force. The means of social protection in connection with the changing structure of families and the increasing number of single people are investigated. A comprehensive assessment is made and practical recommendations are provided on possible strategies for adapting social protection systems to new conditions to meet the challenges of the modern national economy, the priority of which is to overcome poverty in Ukraine and improve the quality of life of its citizens. Today, due to the permanent dynamic changes taking place in the modern economy, the topic under consideration still contains insufficiently researched and problematic aspects that require further scientific study and substantiation based on the materials of this article.
THE PRESTIGE OF A SPECIALIST IN SOCIAL WORK IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT
Authors:   Odesa National Economic University, Soroka Aleksandra , Zbritskaya Tetyana ,   Odesa National Economic University, Petrovskaya Oksana ,   Odesa National Economic University
Published: October 2024

This article states that social work occupies a leading place in modern Ukrainian society, thereby determining the relevance of this scientific and professional issue. It is shown that social work is increasingly developing in various industries, acquiring a global scale and is an important component in solving many social and personal problems of a person. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific research, the foundations of the origin and development of social work are revealed. Recently, professions of the socionomic type have gained special importance in society. The authors show that the activities of specialists in socionomic specialties are directly related to the person, to the relationships between the person, social groups, society and the state and are aimed at the implementation of the process of socialization of the person. Being aimed at improving the quality of a person’s life, the realization of his aspirations, the profession of a social worker is also found. In the center of attention of the authors is the problem of the prestige of the professional activity of specialists in the social sector. The article is devoted to the analysis of society’s understanding of the profession of social work, as well as the determination of factors influencing the formation and maintenance of the image of social workers. In the article, the authors reflect a fairly wide range of issues: objective and subjective difficulties that prevent the formation of the prestige of the profession of social workers. In addition to structural problems that prevail due to the natural and historical formation of social work, there are also internal restrictive barriers to the development of social work in Ukraine. The authors note that the current challenges facing social work include low public awareness of its specifics, lack of professional distinctions and demarcations, as well as difficulties associated with the process of its status determination and professionalization. The article reflects the main conclusions and results of the research, as well as recommendations for improving the image of a social worker.
STATE REGULATION OF EXPORT-IMPORT DEVELOPMENT UNDER MARTIAL LAW CONDITIONS
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kvasha Serhii , Pavlenko Oleksiy ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Vakulenko Vitalii ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: October 2024

In the context of a full-scale war, there are many challenges to ensuring successful foreign economic activity in Ukraine. There are difficulties with exports and imports of goods that are related to military operations. Therefore, it is important to consider the state regulation of export and import in the current conditions of war. The article is based on the analysis of scientific papers which discuss the peculiarities of state regulation of exports and imports, as well as the analysis of current regulations which are evidence of changes in the state regulation of exports and imports. The article analyses the general features of the state regulation of exports and imports in Ukraine before the outbreak of a full-scale war in general and under martial law, and also identifies how the current changes affect the state of exports and imports in Ukraine. The main trends in the development of exports and imports in recent years are identified. The general aspects of the state regulation of export and import in the context of the state regulation of foreign economic activity are clarified. The ways of state regulation of exports and imports are identified. The importance of state regulation of exports and imports is considered. The main changes that have taken place in the state regulation of exports and imports in the context of a full-scale war are presented. The features of modern changes are considered and their impact on the state of exports and imports is determined. Among the current changes are: simplification of customs legislation, simplification of obtaining a licence for foreign economic activity, simplification of importation of goods, changes to taxation of exports and imports of certain categories of goods, changes to import and export of certain goods, etc. The author emphasises the need for further changes in order to improve exports and imports in Ukraine, in particular, by providing state support for exports. The study is of great scientific importance, since there are not enough scientific works that address the current aspects of state regulation of exports and imports under martial law. The analysis underlines the importance of this issue for modern science and the need for further research in this area.