bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cleaning Data Sets with Diagnostic Errors in the High-Dimensional Feature Spaces
Authors: Borisova I.A. , Kutnenko O.A.
Published: October 2019

The paper proposes a new approach in data censoring, which allows correcting diagnostic errors in the data sets in case when these samples are described in high-dimensional
feature spaces. Considering this case as a separate task is explained by the fact that in high-dimensional spaces most of the methods of outliers detection and data filtering,
both statistical and metric, stop working. At the same time, for the tasks of medical diagnostics, given the complexity of the objects and phenomena studied, a large number
of descriptive characteristics are the norm rather than the exception. To solve this problem, an approach that focuses on local similarity between objects belonging to
the same class and uses the function of rival similarity (FRiS function) as a measure of similarity has been proposed. In this approach for efficient data cleaning
from misclassified objects, the most informative and relevant low-dimensional feature subspace is selected, in which the separability of classes after their correction
will be maximal. Class separability here means the similarity of objects of one class to each other and their dissimilarity to objects of another class. Cleaning data from
class errors can consist both in their correction and removing the objects-outliers from the data set. The described method was implemented as a FRiS-LCFS algorithm
(FRiS Local Censoring with Feature Selection) and tested on model and real biomedical problems, including the problem of diagnosing prostate cancer based on DNA microarray analysis.
The developed algorithm showed its competitiveness in comparison with the standard methods for filtering data in high-dimensional spaces.
İlkokul Öğretmenlerinin Müdürlerin Ders Denetimine İlişkin Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKBAŞLI SAİT , TUNÇ ZEYNEP
Published: October 2019

‘MEB Rehberlik ve Teftiş Başkanlığı ve Maarif Müfettişleri Başkanlıkları Yönetmeliği’nin 24.05.2014 tarihinde yayımlanarak yürürlüğe girmesi ile ders denetimi görevi müfettişlerden alınarak tamamen müdürlere devredilmiştir. Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin okul müdürlerinin ders denetimlerine ilişkin görüşleri, ders denetimi görevinin tamamen okul müdürüne devredilmiş olmasını nasıl karşıladıkları ve okul müdürlerinin ders denetimlerini etkili bulup bulmadıkları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın, ders denetiminin daha işlevsel hale getirilmesine katkı sunması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde Amasya’da bulunan bir ilkokulda görev yapan sınıf öğretmenleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu 10 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veriler 12 soruluk yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre: Öğretmenlerin %80’i ders denetimlerini okul müdürlerinin yapması gerektiği görüşündedirler. Öğretmenler kendilerini denetleyen kişilerin bir ya da iki ders saati içerisinde kendilerinin öğretmenlik becerileri ile ilgili çıkarımlarda bulunmalarından memnun olmadıklarını okul müdürünün denetleme konusunda daha objektif ve doğru kararlar verdiklerini düşündüklerini ifade etmişlerdir.
Academic Mobility for Everyone: between Vision and Reality
Authors: Volosnikova L.M. , Fedina L.V. , Kukuev E.A. , Patrusheva I.V. , Ogorodnova O.V.
Published: October 2019

Academic mobility of students with disabilities is a gap in studies of inclusion in higher education. Meanwhile, academic mobility is an effective resource for shaping the key skills of the 21st century, the development of subjectivity, socialization and professionalization. Therefore, the inclusion of persons with disabilities in various forms of academic mobility is important for their success and social inclusion. The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between disability and nosology and involvement in academic mobility, as well as scientific (social) projects and networks. The study was based on the hypothesis of a direct link between health status and involvement in academic mobility. The sample included 1,142 university students from the Tyumen region, including 50 — with disabilities, 1092 — without disabilities. A comparative analysis of the components of academic mobility of students with and without disabilities revealed a higher level of readiness and involvement of students with disabilities in academic mobility and networks. With this we emphasize that 92% of students with disabilities do not participate in academic mobility programs, 68% have never participated in competitive activities (projects, grants), 44% do not belong to student communities, 20% do not maintain systemic ties with students of other universities. But these figures are even lower for students without disabilities. The gap between students' readiness for academic mobility and the lack of its infrastructure was revealed. The analysis of theoretical approaches revealed significant gaps in scientific knowledge of academic mobility of students with disabilities, its scale, dynamics, best practices, its psychological factors and the impact on the development of subjectivity, socialization and professionalization. We must make an inclusive breakthrough in higher education through the formation of a comfortable infrastructure of academic mobility as an organic part of an inclusive culture in higher education, ensuring the inclusion for everyone.
Inclusive Education of Students with Visual Impairment at the Faculty of Information Technology at the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Authors: Sokolov V.V.
Published: October 2019

This article describes how the issue of access to higher education for people with severe visual impairment is addressed at the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. The main difficulties experienced by students of this category are revealed, and ways to overcome them are given. The classification of the forms of presentation of educational information available without visual control is given and typhlotechnical devices that allow converting information into these forms are described.
Psychological and Pedagogical Support for Students with Disabilities in Inclusive Educational Environment of University
Authors: Odintsova M. , Aleksandrova L.A. , Kuzmina E.I. , Lazareva V.M.
Published: October 2019

The authors analyze the components of psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities in an inclusive educational environment of the University using as the example the Faculty of distance learning of MSUPE. It is shown that the active model of disability aimed at fostering students’ own activity may become a basis of psychological and pedagogical support for university students with disabilities. Psychological and pedagogical support of students with disabilities includes a variety of forms (pedagogical, social, psychological support, self-support) aimed at enriching the psychological and pedagogical conditions of the educational environment through: 1) support groups organization and functioning; 2) self-support groups functioning; 3) creating an optimally accessible educational environment using distant technologies. The system of psychological and pedagogical support of students with disabilities can be built on the basis of «understanding relationships», suggesting barrier-free understanding, overcoming the stereotypes of disability and erroneous interpretations of the multidimensional world of persons having disabilities; the full participation and involvement in the experience of disability. The article provides data of empirical studies conducted by students with disabilities themselves in the framework of their master theses which allowed to detect the most problematic and resource zones in: 1) support groups (parents of students with disabilities); 2) readiness of students with disabilities to self-help, their self-activation and hardiness resources; 3) the role of inclusive distance educational environment to develop motivation and psychological well-being in all students: with and without disabilities.
AVALIAÇÃO FINANCEIRA DO SORGO FORRAGEIRO NO SEMIÁRIDO CEARENSE
Authors: Rodrigues de Sousa Paulo Gleisson , Viana Thales Vinícius de Araújo , Carvalho Clayton Moura de , Campos Kilmer Coelho , Silva Francisco Limeira da , Azevedo Benito Moreira de
Published: October 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar financeiramente indicadores de viabilidade da implantação do sorgo forrageiro (BRS Ponta Negra) sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação (50; 75; 100; 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura, ETC) associadas a diferentes níveis de cobertura morta com bagana de carnaúba (0,00; 2,50; 3,75; 5,00 e 6,25 cm). O trabalho foi conduzido no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) - campus de Umirim (CE), no período de setembro de 2016 a janeiro de 2017. O delineamento experimental foi disposto em parcelas subdivididas, 5 x 5 com 5 repetições, totalizando 125 unidades experimentais. Os indicadores calculados foram: Valor presente líquido (VPL), Relação benefício-custo (RB/C), Taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e payback descontado (PB) para um horizonte de planejamento de dez anos. Pelos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a produção de sorgo nas condições de cultivo foi financeiramente viável para todos os indicadores em análise em todas as lâminas de irrigação aplicadas e níveis de cobertura morta, apontando essa como uma cultura promissora para a região.
ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN TRADE STRATEGIES WITH FORWARD CONTRACTS ON THE CHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE AND ON THE SPOT MARKET IN CASCAVEL, BRAZIL
Authors: Aguiar Odilon Felipe Tavares , Ferreira Jonathan Dias
Published: October 2019

In the wake of frequent variables that interfere with the agricultural market, rural agents (producers) suffer liabilities due to their decisions, especially at the moment of commercialization. The forward market is precisely a strategy that may reduce the risks in oscillating prices of commodities and makes way towards the future formation of prices. Current paper compares the commercialization of soybeans in the forward and spot markets in terms of prices practiced between the harvest years 2011/2012 and 2016/2017. Data provided by the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) were used as reference for forward contracts traded in September with maturation in January and spot prices practiced in January retrieved from data from Coopavel in Cascavel PR Brazil. Forward contracts traded in September with maturity in January had a better performance when compared to January spot prices for harvests 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014. Due to fluctuations in weather and market trends, they were the factors that weighed most on harvests 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 for better prices on most of the maturities for January on the spot market. Results show that, although spot price was better in certain periods, the marketing strategy on forward markets is highly interesting since the producer can employ profits and have guarantees against market risks
UTILIZAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES TIPOS E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE CALDAS NUTRICIONAIS EM ATRIBUTOS AGRONÔMICOS DA ALFACE
Authors: Vargas Taísa , Pelizza Tânia Regina , Radunz André Luiz , Muniz Janaína , Casal Daniele , Tironi Siumar Pedro
Published: October 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização de distintos tipos e concentrações de caldas nutricionais em atributos agronômicos da alface. O experimento foi conduzido em canteiros, em uma propriedade rural no município de Ronda Alta, (RS), de agosto a outubro de 2016. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: calda bordalesa a 0,1 e 0,5%; húmus líquido a 2,5% e 5%; Microgeo® a 0,5% e 1,0%; testemunha. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura da parte aérea, comprimento do sistema radicular, perímetro da parte aérea, matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular e redução de peso. Para a variável altura da parte aérea, o tratamento com calda bordalesa a 0,5% apresentou resultado superior ao tratamento com o uso de Microgeo® a 0,5 %. Para o comprimento da raiz o tratamento com húmus líquido a 5% igualou-se ao tratamento húmus líquido a 2,5%, sendo aquele superior aos demais. Para a matéria seca do sistema radicular, o uso de húmus líquido e Microgeo®, em ambas as concentrações, apresentaram os melhores resultados. Para a redução de peso da alface, a calda com húmus líquido e calda bordalesa a 0,5% apresentaram os melhores resultados. Assim, diante dos resultados obtidos com a condução deste trabalho, indica-se o uso de caldas nutricionais para o cultivo de alface. Sobre os atributos agronômicos, o uso de húmus líquido (2,5% e 5%) promove maior comprimento de raízes e menor redução do peso da alface.
Внедрение цифровых технологий на этапах жизненного цикла объектов жилой недвижимости
Authors: Гареев Ильнур Фаилович , Мухаметова Наиля Назыймовна
Published: October 2019

В данной статье рассматриваются аспекты цифровизации на государственном и мировом уровне, проводится осмысление существующих практик, меняющих облик делового мира и повседневной жизни. Также исследуется масштаб внедрения цифровых технологий на рынке жилой недвижимости на локальном уровне. По итогам глубинных интервью, сбора экспертных оценок и полевых исследований участников рынка жилой недвижимости г.Казани, нами представлены выводы о степени внедрения цифровых технологий в сфере жилищного строительства и рынке жилья. Общий результат исследования – практически все этапы жизненного цикла объекта недвижимости в настоящее время находятся под прицелом информационных технологий и создают новую экосистему рынка жилой недвижимости. Представленные результаты будут полезны профессиональным участникам рынка недвижимости, практикам банковской и IT-отраслей и заинтересованным исследователям.
Geostatistical Approach for Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Zarin Abad Plain, Iran
Authors: Taheri Tizro Abdollah , Mohamadi Mohamad
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose: This study was undertaken, first, to investigate the hydrogeological setting of the study area and geophysical data, second to examine the general nature of the groundwater quality. In this regard, ordinary Kriging, Co-Kriging, and Inverse Weighted Distance (IWD) strategies were applied to develop spatial variability maps, and study the fluctuations in groundwater quality parameters in Zarin Abad plain, Zanjan Province, Iran in 2017-2018.
Materials and methods: To inquire the groundwater quality parameters, samples were provided from 61 shallow and deeply drilled observed wells in Zarin Abad Goltapeh plain. The studies were carried out by using geostatistical methods to find out the most applicable method, which can be used to develop spatial variability maps in order to study the changes in groundwater quality parameters (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3-, Cl- and EC).  The local geophysical, geological, and hydrogeological surveys were precisely accomplished to specify the architecture of various subsurface geological horizons. In addition, a geophysical investigation with a Schlumberger configuration was performed in the study region for the purpose of field data generation.
Results: Based on key results, the values of electrical conductivity (EC) were recorded within the range of 480 and 6580 μS/cm. The order of major cations and anions were Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+ and SO42->Cl->HCO3-, respectively. It is worthwhile mentioning that groundwater salinity was found to be dependent upon factors, such as water long residence time and minerals dissolution.
Conclusion: To assess the spatial distribution in groundwater parameters, the variable mode was used. The results obtained from Kriging, Co-Kriging, and IDW methods were then evaluated by the error indices of RMSE and MAE. Co-Kriging Model was the most optimal approach in studying the spatial variation of groundwater quality parameters.
Evaluation of Managerial Skills among Pharmacists in South of Iran Running Title: Managerial Skills among Pharmacists
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Keshavarz Khosro , Samadbeik Mahnaz , Mahmoudi Mehr Maryam , Yousefi Alireza , Bordbar5 Najmeh
Published: October 2019

Background and purpose: According to the importance of managerial skills in both public and private pharmacies, this study aimed to investigate the managerial skills of technical officers of pharmacies in south of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 124 technical officers and 113 personnel working in the pharmacies in Shiraz in 2017. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed containing demographic questions (age, sex, and work experience), place of study, pharmacy ownership, and type of pharmacy, and 17 other questions to evaluate the managerial skills of the technical officers from their own self-assessment and their personnel viewpoints. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts, and its reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85. Data was analyzed applying SPSS23 through descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests (α=5%).
Results:  This study showed that from the perspective of the personnel working in pharmacies, the skill of “time management” was in a desirable condition, and the skill of “conflict management” was in an undesirable condition. Based on the results of the self-assessment of technical officers, their managerial skills were significantly related to gender, age, work experience, and pharmacy ownership. Accordingly, the female technical officers under 30 years of age, with a work experience of less than 16 years, who were working in public pharmacies assigned better scores to their managerial skills.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is necessary to improve the managerial skills of technical officers specially their ability of conflict management through appropriate training, and examine the impact of demographic factors and the characteristic of pharmacies on their managerial skills.
Epidemiological Study of Tuberculosis in Northern Iran
Authors: Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Hosseinnataj Abolfazl , Vahedi Mohammad , Abdollahi Fatemeh
Published: October 2019

Background & Purpose:  One of the most important united nation Millennium Development Goals is to control Tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to identify the high-risk areas of TB and other related factors of it in an epidemiological study.
Materials & Methods:  In this retrospective study, the records of 1566 TB infected patients in healthcare centers of 17 cities of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were investigated during 2009-2013 years. Information of patients was gathered using a check list. The collected data was then analyzed using chi-square.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.17± 20.6 years. The 5-year incidence rate was 12.14 in 100,000 populations. Cities in the east of Province (Sari, Behshahr, and Neka) had highest incidence rate (about 16 cases in 100,000 population). The incidence rate was different based on gender as, 15.3 % of the men and 10.2 % of the women were infected. The median delay time in the diagnosis was 34 days.
Conclusions: The incidence rate of TB in Mazandaran was found to be almost similar to the previous reported rate in Iran. High incidence rate in east of province may be due to bordering to the Golestan Province as the immigrant province. The short delay time of TB diagnosis during this period indicated the well health services practices in this province. More attention should be paid to high risk areas for identification and giving education to those patients.
Arkadaş Kıskançlık Ölçeği’nin (AKÖ) Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: AKAN Yunus
Published: October 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, ergenlerin kıskançlık düzeylerini ölçebilmek amacıyla
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde
açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Uygulanan faktör analizi
sonucu özdeğeri  1’in üzerinde olan, en
az üç maddeye sahip ve toplam varyansın %59,51’ini açıklayan 6 faktörlü bir yapı
elde edilmiştir. Güvenirlik çalışmalarında ise iç tutarlık katsayıları; tüm
ölçek için .920, alt ölçekler için ise sırasıyla .904, .833, .634, .711, .709
ve .659 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Test tekrar test sonucuna göre hem tüm ölçeğin
hem de ölçeğin alt boyutlarının birinci ve ikinci uygulaması arasında yüksek
düzeyde, pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı veri seti
üzerinden DFA yapılmış ve uyum indeksi değerlerinin kabul edilebilir derecede
uyumlu olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Özel Yetenekli Öğrenciler İçin Etkinlik Tasarlamada-Uygulamada Karşılaştıkları Güçlükler Ve Eğitime İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: CENGİZHAN Sibel
Published: October 2019

Araştırmanın amacı;
destek eğitim odalarında görev alan sınıf öğretmenlerinin özel yetenekli
öğrenciler için etkinlik tasarlamada ve uygulamada karşılaştıkları güçlüklerin
ve eğitim sonrası görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel
verilerin bir arada toplandığı, analiz edildiği ve yorumlandığı betimsel
araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 34 sınıf
öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Anketten elde edilen bulgularda, etkinliklerin destek
eğitim odalarında uygulanmasında ilk sırada süre yetersizliği gelmektedir. Araştırmaya
katılan öğretmenlerin etkinlik hazırlamada karşılaştıkları güçlüklere ilişkin
bulgular incelendiğinde ise; öğrencilerin yansıtıcı ve eleştirel düşünme
becerilerini geliştirecek etkinlikler bulmada güçlükler yaşandığı saptanmıştır.
Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de İlkokul Eğitimindeki Yönelimlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: BABAYİĞİT Özgür
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı dünyada ve ülkemizde ilkokul eğitimindeki yönelimlerin incelenmesidir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme türündedir. Dünyada ve ülkemizde ilkokul eğitimi ile ilgili güncel dokümanlar incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, gelişmiş dünya ülkelerinde eğitim-öğretim dönem sayısının üç veya dört olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer ülkelerde yaz tatili süresi 6-14 hafta arasında değişmekle birlikte, gelişmiş ülkelerin yaz tatili süresinin kısalığı önemlidir. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de ilkokul eğitimindeki eğilimlere ilişkin şu temalara ulaşılmıştır: Değerler eğitimi, tam gün eğitim, teknoloji, iletişim, kariyer eğitimi, aile katılımı, çevre eğitimi, uyuşturucuyla mücadele, tüketici eğitimi, yabancı dil eğitimi, süreç değerlendirme, cumartesi günü öğretim yapılmaması, öğretim yılının üç ya da dört yarıyıla bölünmesi, okullarda öğle yemeği verilmesi. Araştırma sonuçları kapsamında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Bilgilendirici Metin Yazma Becerilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: MÜLDÜR Merve , ÇEVİK Arzu
Published: October 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilgilendirici metin (açıklayıcı)
yazma düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden
betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2015-2016
eğitim öğretim yılı II. yarıyılında öğrenim gören 411 ortaokul öğrencisi
oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilere farklı yapılarda bilgilendirici metinler
üretebilecekleri konular verilerek bu konulardan herhangi biri ile ilgili bir
metin yazmaları istenmiştir. Öğrenci metinleri “Bilgilendirici Metin Yazma
Değerlendirme Formu” kullanılarak puanlanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde
betimsel istatistik, bağımsız örneklemler t-tesi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve
Dunnett C testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin bilgilendirici
(açıklayıcı) metin yazma becerilerinin yetersiz düzeyde olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin bilgilendirici (açıklayıcı) yazma becerilerinin
cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyine göre de anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Psikolojik Kırılganlıkla Öznel Zindelik Arasındaki İlişkide Genel Psikolojik Sağlığın Aracı Rolü
Authors: EKŞİ Halil , ERÖK ÖZKAPU Deniz , ÜMMET Durmuş
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik
kırılganlık ile öznel zindelik arasındaki ilişkide genel psikolojik sağlığın
aracı rolünü incelemektedir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde araştırmada ilişkisel tarama
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 280’i kadın 73’ü erkek olmak
üzere toplam 353 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin yaş
ortalamaları 21.57’dir. Araştırmanın verilerini toplamak amacıyla Kişisel Bilgi
Formu, Psikolojik Kırılganlık Ölçeği, Öznel Zindelik Ölçeği ve Genel Sağlık
Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. İstatiksel yöntem olarak değişkenler arası ilişkileri
belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyonu hesaplanmıştır. Aracılık rolünü belirlemek
için Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi ve Sobel Testi’den yararlanılmıştır. Elde
edilen bulgulara bakıldığında; üniversite öğrencilerinin öznel zindelikleri ile
hem psikolojik kırılganlıkları hem de genel sağlıkları arasında negatif
ilişkiler olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca kurulan modelde, genel psikolojik sağlığın
psikolojik kırılganlıkla öznel zindelik arasında tam aracı rolü olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Cannabis “in utero”: the fetus as a compulsive consumer
Authors: Ciampo Luiz Antonio Del , Del Ciampo Ieda Regina Lopes
Published: October 2019

Cannabis sativa, a plant known for millennia for its hallucinogenic and medicinal effects, contains widely consumed psychoactive substances worldwide, with increasing numbers among adolescents and adults, including pregnant women. Due to its potential adverse effects on users, it is of fundamental importance to know and disseminate the harm caused to humans in order to reduce the consumption of this drug. This article presents a review of the physiological and pharmacological characteristics of psychoactive substances present in cannabis, their actions on the endocannabinoid system and the placenta. It also highlights the main clinical repercussions that can occur with the fetus and, in the long run, with children whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy.
ON LOSS AVERSION IN CAPUCHIN MONKEYS
Authors: Silberberg Alan , Roma Peter G. , Huntsberry Mary E. , Warren‐Boulton Frederick R. , Sakagami Takayuki , Ruggiero Angela M. , Suomi Stephen J.
Published: October 2019

Chen, Lakshminarayanan, and Santos (2006) claim to show in three choice experiments that monkeys react rationally to price and wealth shocks, but, when faced with gambles, display hallmark, human‐like biases that include loss aversion. We present three experiments with monkeys and humans consistent with a reinterpretation of their data that attributes their results not to loss aversion, but to differences between choice alternatives in delay of reinforcement.
Analisis GCMS terhadap Senyawa Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Surahmaida Surahmaida , Sudarwati Tri Puji Lestari , Junairiah Junairiah
Published: October 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa fitokimia ekstrak metanol Ganoderma lucidum dengan metode GCMS. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi  proses ekstraksi serbuk halus G. lucidum menggunakan pelarut metanol dengan metode maserasi selama 3x3 hari dan ekstrak metanol G. lucidum yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan alat GCMS. Senyawa fitokimia yang teridentifikasi oleh GCMS antara lain thiophene, 2-hexyl-; 3-((3-Acetoxythyl)-6-acetoxymethyl-2,4-dimethyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-(E)-2-propenyl acetate; 2,7-Diphenylindole; dan 5-(2-Bromophenyl)-7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa fitokimia pada ekstrak metanol G. lucidum memiliki efek farmakologis bagi kesehatan manusia dan aktivitas biologis lainnya.  Katakunci: Ganoderma lucidum, senyawa fitokimia, GCMS AbstractThis study aims to analyze the phytochemical compounds of methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum using the GCMS method. The stages of this study include extraction of fine powder G. lucidum using methanol solvent by maceration method for 3x3 days and methanol extract of G. lucidum obtained were analyzed by GCMS. Phytochemical compounds identified by GCMS is thiophene, 2-hexyl-; 3 - ((3-Acetoxythyl) -6-acetoxymethyl-2,4-dimethyl) phenyl) -2-methyl- (E) -2-propenyl acetate; 2,7-Diphenylindole; and 5- (2-Bromophenyl) -7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one. It can be concluded that phytochemical compounds in methanol extract of G. lucidum have pharmacological effects on human health and other biological activities. Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, phytochemical compounds, GCMS
Senyawa Bioaktif Daun Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus)
Authors: Surahmaida Surahmaida , Umarudin Umarudin , Junairiah Junairiah
Published: October 2019

AbstrakDaun kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) umumnya digunakan sebagai tanaman obat keluarga, hal ini diduga karena senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung didalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui senyawa bioaktif ekstrak n-heksana daun kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) menggunakan GCMS. Hasil senyawa bioaktif yang teridentifikasi ekstrak n-heksana daun kumis kucing mengandung 1,1-Dicyclopentylethane; Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2,6-diene-1,2,3,4,4,5,6-d(7); n-Butyl palmitate; 1-oxo03.alpa.-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-6.alpa.-methyl-6a.alpa.-carbomethoxy-1,3,3a.alpa.,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan;  1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethylheptasiloxane; 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-benzene dan Silicone grease, Siliconfett. Senyawa-senyawa bioaktif ekstrak n-heksana daun kumis kucing tersebut kemudian dianalisis aktivitas biologi dan farmakologisnya. Katakunci: Orthosiphon stamineus, senyawa bioaktif, GCMS AbstractThe leaves of cat whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) are generally used as family medicinal plants, this is thought to be due to the bioactive compounds contained therein. The purpose of this study was to find out the bioactive compounds of n-hexane extract of cat whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) using GCMS. The results of bioactive compounds identified with n-hexane extract of cat whiskers containing 1,1-Dicyclopentylethane; Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2,6-diene-1,2,3,4,4,5,6-d(7); n-Butyl palmitate; 1-oxo03.alpa.-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-6.alpa.-methyl-6a.alpa.-carbomethoxy-1,3,3a.alpa.,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan;  1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethylheptasiloxane; 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-benzene and Silicone grease, Siliconfett. The bioactive compounds of the n-hexane extract of the cat's whiskers leaves were then analyzed for their biological and pharmacological activities. Keywords: Orthosiphon stamineus, bioactive compound, GCMS
Fiscal policy and foreign trade as a determinant of economic development – focus Kosovo
Authors: Tërstena Arben , Mehmeti Ismail , Krasniqi Sokol
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of fiscal policy in Kosovo, comparing with the Western Balkan countries, in the trends of economic development, which are related to the international market, and how to achieve the objectives of the economy of Kosovo, penetrating the foreign market of local companies, using fiscal policy instruments. Data processing is performed using deductive-analytical methods, describing and comparing research findings by commercial companies, extracting data and comparing official reports of national and international institutions on the role of policies analyzed in the Western Balkan countries and in Kosovo, and the results of the research are based on these analyzes. Each sovereign state has its own fiscal policy operating within the financial system of that country, which also influences the development trends of international trade, the same applies to Kosovo and the Western Balkan countries, where this policy includes customs tax, VAT, tax in personal income, etc. The government of the country, through fiscal policy instruments, creates conditions for companies to be as present in the foreign market as possible with their products, which impacts on the overall economic development of the country. achieved. The paper provides insights into the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo, how fiscal policy affects the creation of conditions for foreign trade development, where is Kosovo's economy is in relation to the Western Balkan countries and what are the steps needed to improve it. The paper provides real data on the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo and its full role in the development of foreign trade in relation to the Western Balkan countries.
MABBAKKANG TRADITION AND ITS’ EFFECTS ON HEALTH OF VILLAGERS OF BACU BACU PUJANANTING BARRU: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Hidayah Fiqriatul , Jafar Nuurhidayat , Malasari Silvia
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Indonesia is an archipelago country that has a diversity of race, culture and customs. Not infrequently customs that are believed by some to be not only a positive impact, but sometimes have a negative impact, especially in health problems.To identify Mabbakkang indigenous phenomenon and its effect on the health of the communities in the District Bacu-Bacu, Pujananting Barru. Method: Type of studi isQualitative research (phenomenology) was performed on 9 participants who have experience in custom undergo Mabbakkang through interview techniques in-depth interviews and data were analyzed by thematic analysis the technique developed by Colaizzi. Result: This study resulted in 7 themes on a custom implementation Mabbakkang ie execution time, the implementation, a series of execution, people involved, dietary restrictions, reason, and the consequences of breaking taboos. Conclusions: This study shows that a custom implementation Mabbakkang is one tradition that is held each year as a condition for the perfection of a child-Bacu-Bacu village communities and give effect on the health of the communities in the District Bacu Bacu-Pujananting Barru if breaking taboos.
DESCRIPTION OF DEMENTIA IN THE ELDERLY STATUS IN THE WORK AREA HEALTH CENTER IBRAHIM ADJIE BANDUNG
Authors: Sari Citra Windani Mambang , Ningsih Eka Fitri , Pratiwi Sri Hartati
Published: October 2019

Number of elderly in Indonesia in 2014 was reached 18.8 million lives and in 2025 would reached 36 million lives. Along with the increasing age, change of cognitive function on elderly was increased. Impaired cognitive function on elderly may caused alteration on personality and disrupting daily activity. If it took progressively, they can lead to dementia. By knowing dementia status on elderly in society it may be used as a database on developing program that related with elderly health in society. The aim of this research was to achieve description of dementia status on elderly in society. The method that used on this research was descriptive with quantitative approaches. Data collected by using Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) on 98 elderlies took by used stratified random sampling technique at Puskesmas Ibrahim Adjie work area Bandung city. Univariat analysis has done to saw description of dementia status on elderly based on respondent characteristic. The result of this research obtained as many as 38 respondents with presentation 38.8% experienced early dementia and 60 respondents with 61.2% respondents belong to normal category
Transmisi Kemiskinan Antargenerasi di Indonesia Tahun 1993–2014, Studi Data IFLS
Authors: Irwan Memy , Moeis Jossy Prananta
Published: October 2019

The initial hypothesis states that children from poor household have a tendency to return to poverty as an adult. This is because children from poor household are more difficult to utilize available resources than children from non-poor household. By using McNemar test, the data proved that there was a transmission of poverty in Indonesia during 1993–2014. In other words, poverty alleviation program in Indonesia had not been successfully carried out. Multinomial logit was used to analyzed factors that influence the transmission of poverty. There are various factors that affect the intergenerational transmission of poverty in Indonesia, namely the level of education and health, the ownership of movable assets and the existence of school facilities. --------------------------------------- Hipotesis awal penelitian ini adalah anak dari rumah tangga miskin memiliki kecenderungan untuk kembali miskin saat dewasa. Hal ini disebabkan tertutupnya peluang dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya yang tersedia bagi anak dari rumah tangga miskin dibandingkan dengan anak dari rumah tangga tidak miskin. Dengan menggunakan uji McNemar, terbukti bahwa pada rentang tahun 1993–2014 terjadi transmisi kemiskinan di Indonesia. Dengan kata lain, pengentasan kemiskinan belum berhasil dilakukan. Berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap transmisi kemiskinan di Indonesia dianalisis menggunakan multinomial logit. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh adalah tingkat pendidikan dan kesehatan, kepemilikan aset bergerak, serta keberadaan fasilitas sekolah.
Análise da temperatura superficial terrestre no municipio de São José - SC a partir de imagens Landsat 8
Authors: Fraga De Santis Rafaelle , Regodzinski Cleiton
Published: October 2019

A urbanização e o crescimento das cidades formando conglomerados de edificações causam efeitos que podem ser sentidos pela população no ambiente que vivem e alteram as condições do local, principalmente a temperatura. O objetivo deste artigo é localizar essas variações, identificando quais partes do ambiente terrestre estudado possuem as maiores variações, como causa direta da urbanização e usando de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto com o uso de algoritmos para obtenção de temperatura da superfície horizontal na faixa infravermelho termal do sensor landsat-8, banda 10. Com esses cálculos é possível localizar as maiores diferenças de temperatura de superfície em diferentes substratos e a influência da vegetação terrestre sob a temperatura da superfície. Essas técnicas, somadas a outras existentes, auxiliam a melhor compreensão dos efeitos antropogênicos nas condições de microclima e seus efeitos.Assim sendo, o estudo conseguiu definir como cada substrato influencia na temperatura da superfície e sua distribuição em diferentes pontos da área estudada.
The value of GRASP on DCE-MRI for assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Lu Yanan , Ma Ling , QIN Jianjun , Wang Zhaoqi , Guo Jia , Zhao Yan , Zhang Hongkai , Yan Xu , Liu Hui , Li Hailiang , Kamel Ihab R , Qu Jinrong
Published: October 2019

Background To compare the value of two dynamic contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Images (DCE-MRI) reconstruction approaches, namely golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) and view-sharing with golden-angle radial profile (VS-GR) reconstruction, and evaluate their values in assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC).

Methods

EC patients receiving nCT before surgery were enrolled prospectively. DCE-MRI scanning was performed after nCT and within 1 week before surgery. Tumor Regression Grade (TRG) was used for chemotherapy response evaluation, and patients were stratified into a responsive group (TRG1+2) and a non-responsive group (TRG3+4+5). Wilcoxon test was utilized for comparing GRASP and VS-GR reconstruction, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test was performed for each parameter to assess response, and Spearman test was performed for analyzing correlation between parameters and TRGs, as well as responder and non-responder. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was utilized for each significant parameter to assess its accuracy between responders and non-responders.

Results

Among the 64 patients included in this cohort (52 male, 12 female; average age of 59.1±7.9 years), 4 patients showed TRG1, 4 patients were TRG2, 7 patients were TRG3, 11 patients were TRG4, and 38 patients were TRG5. They were stratified into 8 responders and 56 non-responders.

A total of 15 parameters were calculated from each tumor. With VS-GR, 10/15 parameters significantly correlated with TRG and response groups. Of these, only AUCmax showed moderate correlation with TRG, 7 showed low correlation and 2 showed negligible correlation with TRG. 8 showed low correlation and 2 showed negligible correlation with response groups. With GRASP, 13/15 parameters significantly correlated with TRG and response groups. Of these, 10 showed low correlation and 3 showed negligible correlation with TRG. 11 showed low correlation and 2 showed negligible correlation with TRG. Seven parameters (AUC ＊ >0.70, P<0.05) showed good performance in response groups.

Conclusions

In patients with esophageal cancer on neoadjuvant chemotherapy, several parameters can differentiate responders from non-responders, using both GRASP and VS-GR techniques. GRASP may be able to better differentiate these two groups compared to VS-GR.
Comparison of standard and over-the-head method of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation - a simulation study
Authors: Ćwiertnia Michał , Kawecki Marek , Ilczak Tomasz , Mikulska Monika , Dutka Mieczysław , Bobiński Rafał
Published: October 2019

Background: Maintaining highly effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be particularly difficult when artificial ventilation using a bag-valve-mask device, combined with chest compression have to be carried out by one person. The aim of the study is to compare the quality of CPR conducted by one paramedic using chest compression from the patient’s side with compression conducted from the ‘over-the-head’ position.
Methods: The subject of the study were two methods of CPR – ‘standard’ (STD) and ‘over-the-head’ (OTH). The STD method consisted of cycles of 30 chest compressions from the patient’s side, and two attempts at artificial ventilation after moving round to behind the patient’s head. In the OTH method, both compression and ventilation were conducted from behind the patient’s head.
Results: Both CPR methods were conducted by 38 paramedics working in medical response teams. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data collected, giving the following results: the average time of the interruptions between compression cycles (STD 9.184 s, OTH 7.316 s, p < 0.001); the depth of compression 50–60 mm (STD 50.65%, OTH 60.22%, p < 0.001); the rate of compression 100–120/min. (STD 46.39%, OTH 53.78%, p < 0.001); complete chest wall recoil (STD 84.54%, OTH 91.46%, p < 0.001); correct hand position (STD 99.32%, OTH method 99.66%, p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the results to the benefit of the OTH method in the above parameters. The remaining parameters showed no significant differences in comparison to reference values.
Conclusions: The demonstrated higher quality of CPR in the simulated research using the OTH method conducted by one person justifies the use of this method in a wider range of emergency interventions than only for CPR conducted in confined spaces.
Changes in serum albumin and other nutritional markers when using sucroferric oxyhydroxide as phosphorus binder among hemodialysis patients: a historical cohort study
Authors: Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Ficociello Linda H , Parameswaran Vidhya , Athienites Nicolaos V. , Mullon Claudy , Kossmann Robert J. , Coyne Daniel W.
Published: October 2019

Background Elevated serum phosphorus concentrations are common among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Protein is a major source of dietary phosphate, but restriction of protein intake can result in hypoalbuminemia and protein-energy wasting. We hypothesized that sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SO), a potent phosphate binder with a low pill burden, may reduce serum phosphorus levels in hemodialysis patients with hypoalbuminemia without adversely impacting albumin levels or dietary intake of protein.Methods We retrospectively examined de-identified data from 79 adult, in-center hemodialysis patients with baseline hypoalbuminemia (≤ 3.5 g/dL) switched to SO as part of routine clinical care for at least 1 year. Temporal changes (3-month intervals from baseline through Q4) in phosphate binder pill burden, serum phosphorous levels, nutritional markers, and equilibrated Kt/V were analyzed. Data from a matched reference group of non-hypoalbuminemic patients ( N = 79) switched to SO were also examined.Results SO therapy was associated with a mean reduction of 45.7% and 45.1% in daily phosphate binder pill burden, and a mean reduction of 0.4 mg/dL and 0.51 mg/dL in serum phosphorus levels for the hypoalbuminemic and non-hypoalbuminemic patients, respectively. Hypoalbuminemic patients demonstrated significant increases in mean serum albumin levels from 3.50 mg/dL at baseline to 3.69, 3.74, 3.70, and 3.69 mg/dL during Q1 through Q4, respectively ( P < 0.0001), whereas serum albumin levels remained unchanged in the non-hypoalbuminemic group.Conclusions Both hypoalbuminemic and non-hypoalbuminemic patients switching to SO exhibited significant reductions in serum phosphorus concentrations and daily phosphate binder pill burden. Among hypoalbuminemic patients, the initiation of SO therapy was also associated with increases in serum albumin, suggesting therapy may have allowed patients to increase their dietary intake of protein.
Engineering of human brain organoids with a functional vascular-like system
Authors: Cakir Bilal , Xiang Yangfei , Park In-Hyun
Published: October 2019

Here, we engineered human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to ectopically express human ETS variant 2 (ETV2) to create in vitro vasculature in cortical organoids (hCOs), namely vhCOs (vascularized hCOs). ETV2-expressing cells in hCOs contributed to forming a complex vascular-like network in hCOs. This protocol describes hESC maintenance, the generation of inducible ETV2 expressing hESCs, and the generation of cortical organoid with functional vascular-like network.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Diabetic versus Non-diabetic Patients with Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Dong Ran , Chen Pengfei , Zhao Yichen , Zeng Caiwu , Xin Meng , Ye Qing , Wang Jiangang
Published: October 2019

Background: The target of this study was to explore the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods: Seven hundred and twenty four patients who had previously received CABG and had been treated using PCI combined with drug-eluting stents (DES) between 2009 and 2017 were selected for a retrospective study and allocated into either a diabetes mellitus (DM) or non-diabetes mellitus (No DM) group. A 1:1 propensity score-matched evaluation was conducted and risk adjusted for analysis. The primary outcomes were cardiac death, myocardial infarction, heart failure and revascularization, with a median follow-up duration of 5.13 years. Results: After matching, two-, 5- and 8-year event rate of overall major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were found to be higher in the DM group (No DM vs DM:15.3%, 30.9%, 38.5% vs 19.8%, 37.8%, 52.2%, respectively), although no significant difference was found in the event rate of overall MACEs (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00 to 1.83 for DM vs No DM; P=0.052), cardiac death (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.95; P=0.871), MI (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.32; P=0.080), HF (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.90 to 2.63 for; P=0.120) or revascularization (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.59; P=0.747). Conclusions: Compared with non-diabetic patients with prior CABG, subsequent implantation of DES in the native coronary artery of diabetic patients resulted in apparently similar outcomes.Trial registration: This study was not registered in an open access database.