bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Does the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Represent a Rational Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Albiges Laurence , Molinie Vincent , Escudier Bernard
Published: July 2012

Non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs) comprise a heterogenous and poorly characterized group of tumor types for which few treatments have been approved. Although targeted therapies have become the cornerstones of systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, patients with nccRCC have been excluded from many pivotal clinical trials. As such, robust clinical evidence supporting the use of these agents in patients with nccRCC is lacking. Here, we review the disparate nccRCC subtypes, the criteria for diagnosis, and the prognoses associated with each subtype, in addition to evaluating the potential use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in treating patients with nccRCC. Both genetic analyses and preclinical research indicate a central role for mTOR in nccRCC; a therapy that targets this ubiquitous regulator of cellular signaling could prove efficacious across various tumor subtypes. Results from recent studies exploring targeted therapies as both monotherapy and combination therapy have provided early indications of efficacy in patients with nccRCC. Exploratory analyses support further research with the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus in patients with nccRCC. Current clinical practice guidelines support the use of mTOR inhibitors in patients with nccRCC; however, these recommendations are based on low levels of evidence. Further results from randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal choice of therapy for patients with nccRCC. Results from ongoing clinical trials of mTOR inhibitors and other agents in nccRCC, as well as their impact on the nccRCC treatment paradigm, are eagerly awaited.
The Case for Chemotherapy Alone for Limited-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Connors Joseph M.
Published: July 2012

The Hodgkin's Disease.6 study is critically examined, and the question of whether or not radiation should be used at all in the treatment of patients with limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma is argued to be more relevant than what type of radiation to use, given the remarkably good outcome with chemotherapy alone.
XRD studies of portlandite present in hydrated Portland cement paste
Authors: Zürz A. , Odler I.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The effect of hydration time, water/solids ratio and addition of melamine sulphonate or naphthalene sulphonate resins on the I(001)/I(101) XRD peak intensity ratio of portlandite formed in the hydration of pure tricalcium silicate or Portland cement was studied. It was found that this ratio does not remain constant and may change with variations of the above factors. As such variations are observed in bulk pastes they cannot be explained by an oriented crystal growth seen on pasteaggregate interfaces and appear to be characteristics of the material.
Some applications of conduction calorimetry to cement hydration
Authors: Bensted John
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

Conduction calorimetry is shown to be a useful technique for examining the hydration behaviour of different types of cement and phenomena such as early stiffening and setting (or thickening). The effects of the surface area of the cement and its aeration upon the hydration process are demonstrated. The influence of accelerating and retarding admixtures on hydration is clearly indicated by the technique.
Effect of ammonium nitrate solution on the structure and strength of cement pastes containing silica fume
Authors: Ðureković A. , Popovic K.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

Ordinary Portland cement pastes containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% of condensed silica fume (csf) were investigated after different times of hydration up to 250 days and after immersion in ammonium nitrate solution. Changes in compressive strength and pore size distribution were monitored and the oligomeric-polymeric fraction in the silica anion size dispersion was estimated.

The nitrate solution attacks the structure of the pastes, temporarily increasing the proportion of AFt and AFm phases, and increases the polymerization of the silica anions. X-ray diffraction of the pastes immersed for a long time showed that amorphous calcium silicate hydrates were formed and peaks were identified as belonging to the ferrite phase. In immersed OPC/csf pastes, some minor crystalline components were found which were derived from the added silica fume.
The effect of water/cement ratio, plasticizers and temperature on the rheology of cement grouts
Authors: Domone P. L. , Thurairatnam H.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The rheological properties of a range of cement grouts have been measured. High shear mixing has resulted in reversible and reproducible flow curves when the grout is tested in a concentric cylinder viscometer. Bingham constants have been calculated from these flow curves. The effects of water/cement ratio, plasticizers, temperature and mixing with fresh and seawater on the rheological properties of ordinary Portland, oilwell B and high alumina cement grouts have been quantified. The prediction of pumping pressures from these properties is discussed.
Effect of aluminium alkoxides on the mechanical properties of calcium aluminate cements at high temperatures
Authors: Sugama T. , Kukacka L. E. , Carciello N.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The effect of aluminium alkoxides, Al(OR)3, (where R is C2H5, C3H7 or C4H9), on the mechanical properties of calcium aluminate refractory cements at temperatures up to 1000°C was investigated. The magnitude of strength improvement obtained by adding alkoxides to the cement pastes depended on three factors: (1) the number of carbons in the alkoxides; (2) the phase of the transitional aluminium compounds sintered by in situ conversion of sol-gel particles of hydrous aluminium hydroxides over the temperature range 300 to 1000°C; and (3) the molecular mass and the amount of alcohol produced by hydrolysis of the alkoxides.
Experimental techniques for studying hydration reactions of calcium aluminates
Authors: Cabrera J. G. , Plowman C.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

Methods are described for studying the hydration reactions of calcium aluminates extracted from cement clinkers. The extraction method uses a maleic acid/methanol treatment, followed by aqueous ammonium chloride. Hydration time is controlled by stopping the hydration reaction by immersing the specimen in cold nitrogen vapour. Early-age morphological data are obtained by scanning electron microscopy, and the reaction rate is quantified by an X-ray diffraction procedure, provided that atmospheric carbon dioxide is excluded from the sample.
Solubility of magnesium oxide in selected cement clinker phases
Authors: Palomo A. , Glasser F. P.
Published: July 2012

The substitution of Mg into cement clinker phases has been studied by isothermal annealing, followed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and analysis and infrared spectroscopy of the products. The substitution of Mg into 12CaO.7Al2O3 is slight, and is not enhanced by concomitant substitution of fluorine. However, the coupled substitution of Mg2+ + Ti4+ into the ferrite phase based on 2CaO.Fe2O3 and 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 is more successful. The presence in clinker batches of Ti, which preferentially concentrates in ferrite, enhances their potential to incorporate Mg.
Estimating reactivity of pozzolanic materials by a spectrophotometric method
Authors: Surana M. S. , Joshi S. N.
Published: July 2012

Following earlier work on estimating the reactivity of pozzolanic materials, three classes of pozzolanas have been further investigated, to ascertain whether or not a more linear calibration curve is possible. A better linear correlation exists when separate calibration curves between absorbance and lime-pozzolana mortar strength values for different classes of pozzolanas are drawn. Pozzolanic activity has been characterized by a parameter called pozzolana reactivity index. Practical aspects and validity of the method are discussed. A good correlation coefficient between absorbance and pozzolana reactivity index values in agreement with lime-pozzolana mortar strength was obtained.
Oxygen availability in the corrosion of reinforcements
Authors: Andrade C. , Alonso C. , García A. M.
Published: July 2012

The rate of steel corrosion in concrete structures is believed to be mainly controlled by the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through the concrete cover. Different techniques have been employed to measure the diffusion rate of this gas: either utilizing mechanical driving forces, natural diffusion or electrochemical forces. The Paper discusses results of oxygen flow through paste, mortar and concrete without admixtures, related to rebar corrosion and concrete resistivity. The results give information on the reliability of cathodic polarization to detect the O2 availability at the rebar surface, and confirm that the controlling variable is the humidity content in pores, which also influences the corrosion rate.
Acceleration of strength gain in slag-clinker blends by glauberite
Authors: Wang Shao-Dong
Published: July 2012

In order to increase adequately the amount of slag in blends and to stimulate the latent binding capability of slag, glauberite is used as a new set controlling and strength accelerating agent of cement. This new cement had been put into batch process in China in October 1988 immediately after its invention. In this Paper the prescriptions and properties of the new cement are investigated, and its hydration features are also studied by means of XRD, SEM and the determination of reaction kinetics, as well as other methods. It was found that glauberite: accelerates the formation of AFt and increases AFt content in cement paste; improves the dissolvability of slag; and expedites the hydration of clinker. Therefore this type of cement has a higher early strength.
PRC—pore reduced cement: high-density cement pastes following fluid extraction
Authors: Macphee D. E.
Published: July 2012

A high-pressure fluid extraction technique has been applied to very young set cement pastes to produce high-density high-performance products (patent pending). The compressive and tensile strengths of products cured for 28 days after pressing have been of the order of 200 and 20 MPa, respectively. Limited shear strength and elastic modulus data are also presented, and several potential applications for the material are suggested.
The alkali-cement system
Authors: Ghorab H. Y. , Ahmed S. T. , Ahmed H. M.
Published: July 2012

The effect of different concentrations of alkali metal hydroxide and sulphate solutions on the setting behaviour of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the compressive strength of mortars aged up to three months is studied. Potassium hydroxide solution has the greatest negative effect on the properties studied; around 35% reduction in the final setting time and late strength are attained by mixing with 1 M KOH. Solutions of potassium sulphate also cause a greater strength lowering than the sodium salt. The mechanism of setting is interpreted on the basis of the results obtained from the hydration reaction of pure cement system.
Simultaneous presence of alkali — silica gel and ettringite in concrete
Authors: Johansen V. , Thaulow N. , Skalny J.
Published: July 2012

Simultaneous presence of alkali—silica gel and ettringite in concrete has been reported by several authors. However, the proposed interpretations of this phenomenon, and its relationship to concrete durability, differ. Based on field experience and experimental research data, it is shown that the two phenomena are independent and can be experimentally distinguished.
Hydration of Sr- and Ba-bearing sulphoaluminates in the presence of sulphates
Authors: Yan P.
Published: July 2012

The hydration process of Sr- and Ba-bearing sulphoaluminates in the presence of sulphates was investigated by isothermal calorimetry, DTA, XRD and SEM, and compared with that of 3CaO· 3Al2O3 · CaSO4. The strengths of C3A3SrSO4 with sulphates are higher, but the compressive strength of C3A3BaSO4 with sulphate is lower than that of 3CaO·3Al2O3 · CaSO4. The hydration of Sr-bearing sulphoaluminate is accelerated; moreover, the hydration of Ba-bearing sulphoaluminate is delayed in the presence of sulphates. The final hydrates of Sr- and Ba-bearing sulphoaluminates in the presence of sulphates were also defined.
Influence of some set accelerating admixtures on the hydration of Portland cement containing phosphogypsum
Authors: Yilmaz V. T. , Isildak Ö
Published: July 2012

The replacement of phosphogypsum for natural gypsum significantly influenced the early hydration behaviour of OPC. The impurities present in phosphogypsum strongly retarded the hydration of OPC. Addition of set accelerators — calcium formate, calcium nitrate and sodium molybdate — improved the hydration characteristics of OPC containing phosphogypsum. Calcium nitrate was found to be the most effective set accelerator, whereas calcium formate and sodium molybdate showed a moderate acceleration. There was no direct correlation between set acceleration and strength development of the cement pastes. The cement samples with calcium nitrate gave very low strength development at early ages, but very high strength values were obtained with calcium formate at 90 days.
Thermodynamic analysis of the C-S-H system
Authors: Djuric M. , Komljenovic M. , Petrasinovic-Stojkanovic L. , Zivanovic B.
Published: July 2012

A series of experimental investigations has been conducted on the calcium silicate hydrate system at various C/S molar ratios (0·83–1·2), temperatures (175°C–190°C) and soaking times (4–12 h). The products of hydration were compared with the results predicted by an equilibrium calculation. For this purpose, a modification of classical thermodynamic technique was introduced, based on the compositional model of the initial state of the system. Measured and calculated values agreed well.
C3S hydration in diluted and stirred suspensions: (I) study of the two kinetic steps
Authors: Damidot D. , Nonat A.
Published: July 2012

The two kinetic steps that occur during C3S hydration have been investigated further by hydrating C3S in various solutions: silicate-containing solutions increase the quantity of C-S-H precipitated during the first kinetic step and reduce the second kinetic step. On the other hand, lime solutions increase the second kinetic step and reducethe first one. The influence of the initial composition of the solution and of the water to solid ratio on the relative extent of the two kinetic step intensities has been explained by differences of the kinetic path. The rate of C-S-H precipitation has been calculated from the heat flow. During each kinetic step, the rate of C-S-H precipitation increases and then decreases. Some preliminary hypotheses have been proposed to explain the processes at the origin of these different kinetic regimes.
The fractal surface of cementitious materials determined by impedance spectroscopy
Authors: McCarter W. J.
Published: July 2012

Complex impedance spectra were obtained from cement mortars over the frequency range 10 Hz–10 MHz. A classic response was observed which comprised contributions from both electrode and bulk polarization effects. By investigating the bulk impedance response, the Paper attempts to show that it is possible to characterize the pore surface texture, this being quantified by its fractal dimension.
Action of admixtures on Fondu cement: Part 1. Lithium and sodium salts compared
Authors: Damidot D. , Rettel A. , Capmas A.
Published: July 2012

Measuring the conductivity of stirred and diluted suspensions of Fondu cement enables the action of admixtures on the dissolution and induction periods to be determined. These events occur before the massive precipitation of hydrates leading to setting of the paste. These new results, compared to those obtained on paste, are useful in determining the mechanisms of interaction between Fondu cement hydration and admixtures. The behaviour of lithium and sodium salts is a result of the sum of the interactions due to their cationic and anionic parts. Experiments with lithium salts seem to be compatible with the hypothesis of an induction period kinetically controlled by a nucleation and growth process of AH3 at 2°C
Changes in the phase composition in OPC and blended cement mortars due to carbonation
Authors: Maslehuddin M. , Shirokoff J. , Siddiqui M. A. B.
Published: July 2012

The effect of carbonation on the phase composition in salt-contaminated (0·8% Cl- and 1·5% SO3) and uncontaminated OPC and blended cement mortar specimens exposed to elevated temperature is described. Changes in the phase composition were monitored using X-ray diffraction and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analyses. Results indicated the transformation of cement hydration products to calcite in OPC, while calcite and aragonite were detected in the blended cements. The quantity of calcium carbonate in the contaminated cements was more than that in the uncontaminated specimens. The enhanced carbonation in the contaminated specimens may by attributed to: (i) an increase in the alkalinity of the pore solution; and (ii) changes in the morphology of the hardened cement, brought about by the chloride-sulfate contamination.
Microstructural characteristics of cementitious composites reinforced with woven fabrics
Authors: Peled A. , Yankelevsky D. , Bentur A.
Published: July 2012

The influence of woven fabrics on the bond between woven fabrics and cement matrix was studied to understand the microscopical characteristics of these composites. For that purpose, pull-out tests were carried out, and scanning electron microscope observations were taken prior to and after the pull-out tests. The fabrics which were used in this study were all plain weave with 22 yarns per centimetre in the pull-out direction and with varied fill density in the perpendicular direction. It was found that the crimped yarns became straight after the pull-out of the matrix, and their surface exhibited abrasion-like damage. Greater surface damage was associated with greater pull-out resistance.
An experimental study on bleeding and channelling of cement paste and mortar
Authors: Loh Chang-Kaan , Tan Thiam-Soon , Yong Thiam-Soon , Wee Tiong-Huan
Published: July 2012

Existing studies on bleeding are mostly confined to the study of the normal bleeding of cement paste. Channelled bleeding, which may occur under certain conditions during bleeding, has not been as well researched. Further, in most studies, these processes are treated as surface phenomena, and only surface measurements were made. In this study, the bleeding process, including channelling of cement paste and mortar, was investigated. The latter material is a step forward in the study of bleeding of concrete. Besides surface settlement, pore pressure and density profiles were also measured during the experiments to give a better insight into the mechanism of bleeding and channelling. The effect of bleeding and channelling on the strength development in a column was also studied. A difference in strength of about 30% was found between samples from upper and lower parts of a column. However, the effect of channels on the compressive strength is found to be negligible as the area of such channels is small compared to the total area. With these data, a better understanding of the channelling mechanism was achieved. A simple model was then used to estimate when channelling will occur.
Strength and water absorption for gypsum—cement—silica fume blends of improved performance
Authors: Kovler K
Published: July 2012

The present work describes results of testing gypsum—cement—silica fume blends having gypsum binder contents of 65, 75 and 85% at various silica fume/Portland cement ratios: 1/4, 2/3, 3/2 and 4/1. Cases of extra expansion and cracking due to ettringite formation were not revealed. It is shown that the hydraulic properties are developed in time in a diflerent manner for various compositions. Some of the blends achieved a high wet/dry strength ratio exceeding 0·6 after 200 days of water curing. This is explained by the development of a microstructure in which gypsum crystals were engulled by C-S-H. The optimum compositions were revealed by high absolute values of compressive strength in the water-saturated state, as well as low values of water absorption. The high values of water absorption for some compositions together with the low values of strength in the wet state are due to the extra content of silica fume, which is not needed for pozzolanic reaction and can be freely removed from the structure by washing.
Chemistry of MDF materials based on sulfoaluminateferritebelitic clinkers: syntheses and tests of moisture resistance
Authors: Drábik M. , Zimmerman P. , Slade R. C. T.
Published: July 2012

The system of sulfoaluminateferritebelitic (SAFB) clinker in combination with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and polyphosphates (poly-P) provides, despite its complexity, appropriate raw mixtures for syntheses of MDF materials with cross-linking clusters comprising Al, Fe, O, C and P atoms in unique local structures. The addition of HPMC is disadvantageous, causing decreased moisture resistance at a relative humidity of 100%. In contrast, poly-P has an impregnating/barrier effect; when MDF test pieces are tested for moisture resistance the irreversible mass increase (shown by thermal analysis to be due to carbonation) is as low as 2%.
Pore structure controlling the carbonation of a hardened cement matrix blended with mineral admixture
Authors: Wee T. H. , Suryavanshi A. K. , Logendran D.
Published: July 2012

The pore size that controls the rate of carbonation of hardened cement matrix is identified. The rate of carbonation of mortar with and without mineral admixture (pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS)) is shown to depend on the total volume of pores having a radius > 450 Å present in the hardened matrix prior to accelerated carbonation. The greater the volume of pores above the critical radius in the hardened matrix prior to accelerated carbonation, the faster is the rate of carbonation, and vice versa. The above relationship also holds for plain cement concrete and concrete blended with PFA and GGBS, as both concrete and mortar of similar type (water/binder (w/b) ratio, PFA or GGBS content) follow an identical carbonation trend. The results of the present study also demonstrate that the rate of carbonation of hardened cement matrix, apart from depending on the total volume of pores having a radius > 450 Å, is also controlled by the parameters (cementitious content, type and proportion of mineral admixture in the mix) that control its alkalinity. The present study also emphasizes the need to precure the hardened cement matrix with and without PFA and GGBS in water for a minimum period of 7 days to minimize the pore volume above the critical radius (> 450 Å), and thereby to optimize the resistance of the matrix to carbonation. The total volume of pores having a radius > 450 Å is also shown to be linearly related to the 7 day compressive strengths of mortar blended with and without PFA and GGBS.
Reaction of EDTA, oxalic acid and citric acid with Portland cement
Authors: Smillie S. , Glasser F. P.
Published: July 2012

Oxalic acid, citric acid and EDTA may occur as constituents of low-level radioactive waste streams. In the longer term, concern exists that these organic substances will remain water-soluble and able to complex and solubilize other toxic or radioactive species. The title study reports on the reaction between these organics and cement components. Citrate and oxalate are removed almost quantitatively from cement pore water. Oxalate is precipitated as calcium oxalate monohydrate, Ca(COO)2·H2O, the solubility of which is < 1 ppm in cement pore fluids. However, EDTA is less affected by the cement environment, and significant recovery from pore fluid is demonstrated after 6 months moist cure.
Ultimate behaviour of steel braces under cyclic loading
Authors: Nip Alan K. H. , Gardner Leroy , Elghazouli Ahmed Y.
Published: July 2012

Under significant seismic loading conditions, the response of concentrically braced frames largely depends on the behaviour of the diagonal braces, which represent the key energy dissipating zones. Although the hysteretic response of steel braces under cyclic axial loading has been examined in previous studies, there is a need for further assessments that focus on quantifying failure. This paper describes the development of detailed finite-element models of hollow sections subjected to cyclic axial loading. The effects of initial imperfections and cyclic hardening are taken into consideration and the models are validated against data from 19 tests. A method to predict the fracture life of bracing members under cyclic loading is also described. Using the numerical models, parametric studies are undertaken to assess the influence of global and local slendernesses on the performance of the braces – both are found to affect the occurrence and severity of local buckling under cyclic loading, which causes high localised strains at the corner areas of sections, leading to fatigue fracture. A predictive equation addressing the coexisting influence of global slenderness and local slenderness on displacement ductility is presented. The observations in the current study are compared with conclusions from other experimental programmes, and the discrepancy between the findings is discussed.
Evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of protocol cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin compared to protocol fluorouracil, doxorubicin and mitomycin C in locally advanced and metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Andric Zoran , Randjelovic Tomislav , Kovcin Vladimir , Gutovic Jasmina , Crevar Slobodanka , Murtezani Zafir , Kostic Sanja
Published: July 2012

Introduction. Still there is no consensus on the choice of the most efficient
and the least toxic chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric
cancer. Nowadays few therapy protocols are available for treating this
disease. Objective. Study was conducted to compare the efficacy and toxicity
of FAM (flurouracil, doxorubicin, mitomycin C) with CDDP and FU/FA
(cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin) protocols in patients with locally
advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. Methods. This randomized study
involved a group of 50 patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric
cancer, who had not previously undergone chemotherapy treatment. Progression
free survival, overall survival and drug toxicity were evaluated. For
statistical analysis chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier curve and the log rank
test were used. Results. The overall response rate was 20% in the group
treated with FAM and 24% in the group treated with CDDP, FU/FA (4% of
patients from each group had complete response), but without significant
statistical difference. Median survival was 10.9 months in the FAM group and
11.8 months in CDDP, FU/FA group, with no statistically significant
difference. Non-haematological and haematological toxicities of CDDP, FU/FA
were considerably less frequent than of FAM, and there was no treatment
related deaths in any of the groups. Conclusion. Both investigated regimens
demonstrated moderate efficacy. The study shows in favour of justified
application of both protocols, while in regard to toxicity CDDP and FU/FA can
be recommended as preferable treatment for locally advanced and metastatic
gastric cancer. New strategies should be considered for better efficacy in
the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. New strategies are necessary with
the goal to achieve a better therapeutic effect.
The clinical significance of antibody determination to cyclic citrullinated peptides in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Stamenkovic Bojana , Stankovic Aleksandra , Dimic Aleksandar , Damjanov Nemanja , Nedovic Jovan , Stojanovic Sonja , Savic Vojin , Djordjevic Dragan
Published: July 2012

Introduction. Anti-citrullinated peptides antibodies (ACPA) are present in
80% of sera of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with high specificity for
diagnosis and prediction for the development of early erosive arthritis. A
few studies have reported a low frequency ACPA in systemic sclerosis (SSc)
patients with the presence of arthritis. Objective. The aim of our study was
to determine the frequency of ACPA in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients,
their correlation with clinical manifestations and radiographic features.
Methods. The study included 82 patients with SSc, mean age 54.4 years, 59
with the limited (lSSc) and 23 with the diffuse (dSSc) form of the disease.
The control group included 28 healthy age and sex matched subjects. ACPA and
rheumatoid factor (RF) were determined in all SSc patients and healthy
subjects in whom standard radiography of hands and wrists was also done.
Results. The presence of ACPA was detected in 11 (13.4%) of SSc patients.
Their level was not increased in any of the controls. Positive RF was found
in 15.9% of SSc patients. Arthritis was present in 17.1%, as well as marginal
bone erosions. There was a statistically significant association between
positive ACPA and arthritis (p<0.0001) and positive ACPA and marginal bone
erosions (p=0.0002). Conclusion. The research confirmed the correlation
between ACPA with clinical signs of arthritis and radiographic damage of hand
joints. ACPA is a useful diagnostic marker in the identification of SSc
patients with arthritis and anatomic bone damage enabling the use of adequate
therapy in order to prevent joint damage and poor quality of life.
The role of cytokines in orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Milosevic-Jovcic Nadezda , Vujacic Amila , Konic Aleksandra , Pavlovic Jasna , Todorovic Vera , Glibetic Marija
Published: July 2012

One of the most important breakthroughs in the understanding of bone biology
was the identification of the role of cytokines in bone remodelling including
the alveolar bone exposed to the effect of mechanical forces during
orthodontic treatment. Since bone remodelling is associated, in its early
phase, with inflammation of the surrounding tissue, the hypothesis has been
suggested on the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the process of bone
remodelling, primarily IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF- ?. These cytokines function as
response mediators in the acute phase of inflammation, as well as in the
processes of metabolism, and stimulation of resorption and inhibition of bone
formation. Mostly uninvestigated, the dynamics of concurrent changes of these
three cytokines during the early phase of orthodontic teeth movement in
children and adults was the subject of our investigation presented in this
article on the current knowledge on the role of cytokines in this process.
Heat transfer augmentation of magnetohydrodynamics natural convection in L-shaped cavities utilizing nanofluids
Authors: Sourtiji Ehsan , Hosseinizadeh Seyed
Published: July 2012

A numerical study of natural convection heat transfer through an
alumina-water nanofluid inside L-shaped cavities in the presence of an
external magnetic field is performed. The study has been carried out for a
wide range of important parame?ters such as Rayleigh number, Hartmann number,
aspect ratio of the cavity and solid volume fraction of the nanofluid. The
influence of the nanoparticle, buoyancy force and the magnetic field on the
flow and temperature fields have been plotted and discussed. The results show
that after a critical Rayleigh number depending on the aspect ratio, the heat
transfer in the cavity rises abruptly due to some significant changes in flow
field. It is also found that the heat transfer enhances in the presence of
the nanoparticles and increases with solid volume fraction of the nanofluid.
In addition, the performance of the nanofluid utilization is more effective
at high Ray?leigh numbers. The influence of the magnetic field has been also
studied and de?duced that it has a remarkable effect on the heat transfer and
flow field in the cavity that as the Hartmann number increases the overall
Nusselt number is significantly decreased specially at high Rayleigh numbers.
Dating the Irrigation System of the Samarkand Oasis: A Geoarchaeological Study
Authors: Malatesta Luca C , Castelltort Sébastien , Mantellini Simone , Picotti Vincenzo , Hajdas Irka , Simpson Guy , Berdimuradov Amriddin E , Tosi Maurizio , Willett Sean D
Published: July 2012

The oasis of Samarkand in the Middle Zeravshan Valley (modern Uzbekistan) was a major political and economic center in ancient western Central Asia. The chronology of its irrigation system was, until now, only constrained by the quality and quantity of archaeological findings and several different hypotheses have been proposed for it. We use a new approach combining archaeological surveying, radiocarbon dating, sedimentary analysis, and the numerical modeling of a flood event to offer new evidence for, and quantitative dating of, the development of irrigation system on the southern flank of the Middle Zeravshan Valley. We analyzed 13 bones and charcoals from 3 archaeological sites and obtained new 14C ages from Afrasiab (ancient Samarkand), a dwelling damaged by flooding in the 2nd century AD (site code: SAM-174) and the fortress of Kafir Kala. We established the origin of sedimentary deposits at the sites to infer the presence of the 2 most important canals of the southern flank: the Dargom and the Yanghiaryk. Finally, we show with a numerical model of overland flow that a natural flood was unlikely to have produced the damage observed at SAM-174. The combined results of the study indicate that the canals south of Samarkand existed, and were mainly developed, in the 2nd century AD and were not connected to the main feeding canal of Afrasiab at that time.
Editorial Vol.10(2)
Authors: Rana Kishore JB
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6452
Analysis of voice disorders at Shree Birendra Hospital
Authors: Karki Reeba , Rai Kiran
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Voice disorder is a common condition encountered in ENT-HNS clinic. This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence, presentation and to assess the management of patients with voice disorders at Shree Birendra Hospital. Method: A prospective study of all the patients with voice disorders attending in ENT-HNS outpatient department of Shree Birendra Hospital from November 15th 2010 to May 15th 2011 were evaluated both clinically and with fi bro optic laryngoscope. Each patient was assessed by consultant ENT-Head and Neck surgeon and speech therapist. Patient with psychological disorders and those without fi bro optic laryngoscope findings were excluded in the study. Results: Total numbers of 120 patients were analyzed. There were 88(73%) females and 32 (27%) males. Most common voice disorder was habitual dysphonia among 70 patients (58.3%) followed by true vocal cord nodule in 20 patients (16.6%). Majority of the patients (79.16%) with voice disorders were managed by speech therapy and only 25 (21%) patients required surgical intervention. Conclusion: Voice disorders are frequent occurrence and most of these can be treated with voice therapy alone. Only few require surgical intervention.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6455 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital July-Dec 2011 10(2) 8-10
Early experience with day care stapled Haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Shah Kunda Bikram , Thapa Bikash Bahadur , Khadka Santosh , Malla Srijan , Rawal Sushil Bahadur , Giri Naresh Kumar , KC Nagendra Bahadur , Rai Sashi
Published: July 2012

Introducti on: Improvements in anesthesia, pain management, the evolution of minimally invasive surgery and changing attitudes to recovery after surgery have all promoted to the expansion of scope of day care surgery. The use of stapled haemorrhoidectomy is an accepted treatment modality for prolapsing hemorrhoids of varying degree. To evaluate the outcome of patients undergoing stapled hemorrhoidectomy in the early postoperative period with special focus on pain intensity, requirement of analgesic and its feasibility as a day care procedure. Method: Interventional, clinical, hospital based study carried out at Shree Birendra Hospital between November 2010 and May 2011. The feasibility of discharging pati ents on the day of Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy was evaluated. Results: Of the eleven (n=11) patients selected for daycare Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy ten patients (~90%) could be discharged aft er six hours of observation. Conclusion: Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy is a safe and easily mastered technique with superior results in the immediate/ early postoperative period. The initial cost of the stapling device is the main concern but social and economic savings related to a faster recovery may off set the initial cost especially when it is performed on a day care basis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6456 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital July-Dec 2011 10(2) 11-14
Effect of maternal age on fetal weight
Authors: Rana Sadikchya Singh
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Teenage childbearing is linked to a host of negative social, economic and medical consequences for both mother and child. Maternal mortality among girls under 18 years is two to five times higher than that of women in their 20s. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal age on fetal weight. Method: It was a prospective, hospital based study, carried out in 491 primigravidas with fullterm singleton pregnancy. The study population was divided into two groups, women who were 19 and less than 19 years of age and women who were more than 19 years of age. Fetal weight as the outcome variable was compared between these groups. Results: The age of the mother ranged from 16 to 37 years. 24.8% women in the study population were <19 years of age. Although the difference was not clinically significant (p=0.51), 1/3rd of the mothers who were <19 had low birth weight. Conclusion: the relation of low birth weight and young maternal age could not be proven in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6457 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital July-Dec 2011 10(2) 15-17
Reclaiming space for learning in liturgical contexts: Cracks in the maxim of the uselessness of liturgical ritual
Authors: Barnard Marcel , Wepener Cas
Published: July 2012

The problem addressed in this article is, that empirical and theoretical research appears to demonstrate that liturgy often aims at certain results. This, however, puts the widely accepted notion in Liturgical Studies of the so-called uselessness of liturgical ritual under pressure. Against this background in Liturgical Studies the aim of this article is to reclaim space in academic discourses on liturgy for learning in liturgical contexts. The latter is done by presenting several liturgical models, revisiting arguments regarding the (non) functionality of ritual or religion and also by reflecting on ritual-liturgical data that the authors personally collected as part of two research projects.
Incentives in Corporate Governance: the Role of Self-Regulation
Authors: Di Betta Paolo , Amenta Carlo
Published: July 2012

Corporate governance stems from the interplay of legal norms, security regulation, self-regulation and best practices. Recent scandals and frauds have forced governments to update laws on corporate governance: the legislation process has been very fast in some countries, others have lagged. Law and regulation intervene and become effective only ex-post, when damages have been done and malpractice is self-evident. On the contrary, self-regulation is a quicker and more flexible response to changing market conditions and of great impact on the relationship between firms and their environment. A self-regulatory organization (SRO) such as the stock exchange could administer the screening device, based on an indicator developed on the provisions of the corporate governance code issued by the SRO itself.
Resource-Based Theory and Market-Driven Management
Authors: Sciarelli Mauro
Published: July 2012

Market-Driven Management poses the question of the relationship between markets and competitive advantage. Market-driven firms reveal a superior ability to understand, attract and maintain, a supply of products/services that offer more value for the customer than competitors. The Resource-Based Theory originates from Penrose’s idea (1959) of the firm as a coordinated ‘bundle’ of resources that the business has at its disposal or has access to (inside out), which are valuable, rare and inimitable. In global markets, MDM strives towards continuous innovation processes that can enable the company to escape the potential pressure of the competition, by identifying new customer needs to satisfy (outside in). The market-driven company is not only oriented to the market, but also tends to orient the market.
La innovación, el desarrollo y la propiedad intelectual en la universidad
Authors: Urbina Alberto
Published: July 2012

La universidad a lo largo de su historia ha sufrido cambios científico-académicos, administrativos y políticos; obedeciendo a la influencia de su entorno nacional e internacional, según el modelo económico predominante. Ha seguido arrastrando un rezago en función de la dinámica del desarrollo socio-económico y, lo que es peor, mientras el sector productivo se innova permanentemente, la universidad se aferra a la tradición profesionalizante, incluso desconociendo la demanda real; formando profesionales en carreras tradicionales con conocimientos en franca obsolescencia y limitadas posibilidades de competir en el mercado, salvando desde luego las escasas excepciones.Las universidades que se resisten al cambio y a la mejora continua, están destinadas a la deslegitimización y la autolimitación en su propio desarrollo, y tendrán muy pocas posibilidades en su justificación social de existir como tales. El reto está planteado y es repensarse a sí mismas de conformidad a la denominada sociedad del conocimiento. Desde luego que esto implica asumir compromisos serios en diferentes ámbitos; empezando por conocer sus fortalezas y debilidades, superar las debilidades y, consecuentemente, asumir el papel fundamental de producir, transmitir y difundir el conocimiento, desarrollando con responsabilidad la cuarta misión, que se suma a las tradicionales de docencia, investigación y vinculación, definiéndola en términos de “uso, aplicación y explotación del conocimiento”.La universidad tiene la responsabilidad histórica de superar el viejo paradigma de simple transmisora de conocimientos, observadora pasiva de la realidad y descriptora de problemas sociales, económicos y ambientales. Debe desafiar su propia tradición; construyendo un liderazgo propositivo, definido por la innovación y el uso intensivo de las nuevas tecnologías, tanto en la función de educadora como en la transferencia de activos intangibles mediados por la propiedad intelectual y fortaleciendo el tejido productivo y social. Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, No. 8, junio 2011 pp.3-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i8.696
La propiedad Intelectual y su importancia en la Universidad
Authors: Perdomo Rodulio
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i8.697 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, No. 8, junio 2011 pp.15-18
What’s Modern in Chinese Translation Theory? Lu Xun and the Debates on Literalism and Foreignization in the May Fourth Period
Authors: Tak-hung Chan Leo
Published: July 2012

This article attempts to assess the contribution of Chinese translators and theorists of the twenties and thirties, in particular the famous writer Lu Xun, whom I consider the first modern translation theorist in China. It is with him that China entered its modern phase in translation. Not only did he advocate retaining the foreignness of the original text, in a way reminiscent of the entire tradition of German Romantic translation theorists from Schleiermacher to von Humboldt to Goethe; he also explored in his own translations the possibilities for enriching the Chinese language through the importation of Europeanized structures and expressions. It is these foreignizing impulses that set Lu Xun apart most clearly from pre-modern Chinese theorists. At the same time, these impulses connect him with leading giants of translation theory like Nabokov and Benjamin (who emphasized the importance of the literal method in translation) on the one hand, and Venuti and Holmes (who highlighted processes of indigenization and exoticization in translation) on the other.

Lu Xun’s ideas had a particular place in the wider cultural and historical context. Views similar to his had been advocated by his predecessors at the beginning of the century, whose attempt to Europeanize the classical language did not, unfortunately, find a large following. In his own time, Lu found ardent supporters among friends and colleagues who either (a) suggested thorough Europeanization, or (b) preferred limited Europeanization. Dissenting views, however, were clearly voiced by some of the other leading writers of the day. So there were (a) those who favored the use of a language based on the actual words spoken by the populace and (b) those who queried why one should not learn a foreign language and read the original instead. My article deals at length with the debates among these theorists and seeks to understand them from the perspective of contemporary Western translation theory.
La participation des victimes dans le processus décisionnel de la justice des mineurs
Authors: Bazemore Gordon , Leip Leslie , Nunemaker Jason
Published: July 2012

Les tribunaux pour mineurs ont traditionnellement fonctionné comme des systèmes clos prioritairement centrés sur les besoins des jeunes délinquants et l'évaluation du danger qu'ils représentent. Bien que la législation sur les droits des victimes contraigne le personnel de la justice des mineurs à faire une place aux victimes d'actes criminels dans le processus de prise de décision, leur véritable participation n'est pas assurée pour autant. L'importance que le mouvement de justice réparatrice accorde, depuis ces derniers temps, à la réparation des torts subis par les individus et les collectivités a contribué à intégrer les besoins des victimes à une définition élargie du mandat des tribunaux pour mineurs et a encouragé la participation des victimes comme partenaires actifs du processus décisionnel. À partir des résultats d'un sondage national fait auprès des juges des tribunaux pour mineurs, aux États-Unis, cet article analyse les attitudes quant à la participation des victimes aux différentes étapes du processus décisionnel de la justice des mineurs. Les expériences individuelles, l'environnement organisationnel ainsi que les idéologies professionnelles sont considérés comme des variables indépendantes qui expliquent les différents degrés d'appui à la participation des victimes, en tant que composante d'une justice fondée sur l'idée de la réparation. Les auteurs examinent également les implications de la mise en œuvre des réformes orientées dans cette direction et formulent des propositions de recherches subséquentes.
Les cercles de guérison et les cercles de sentence autochtones au Canada
Authors: Jaccoud Mylène
Published: July 2012

Au Canada, les cercles de sentence et les cercles de guérison constituent les deux principaux modèles de justice réparatrice en milieu autochtone. Ces initiatives se sont développées surtout à partir des années 1990. L'article propose d'abord d'identifier le contexte précurseur à leur émergence puis de décrire et de comparer leurs principes et leur fonctionnement respectifs. L'auteure est amenée à conclure que les cercles de guérison s'inscrivent davantage dans une démarche d'autonomisation (empowerment) alors que les cercles de sentence risquent de se situer dans une démarche de légitimation de l'intervention du système de justice étatique.