bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect Analysis of Carbon Information on Enterprise Value Based on Big Data
Authors: Ma Guangqi , Liang Miya , Sun Wenlin
Published: July 2022

An effect analysis approach of carbon information on enterprise value based on big data is proposed. This study first systematically expounds on the sources of research data and data collection methods and then comprehensively analyzes corporate carbon information disclosure status and characteristics. It also conducts an empirical study on the short-term impact of carbon information disclosure on corporate value creation and draws the following conclusions. Industry classification has an important impact on corporate carbon information disclosure in terms of the status and characteristics of corporate carbon information disclosure. Except for the financial and insurance industry, the average amount of carbon information disclosure in susceptible sectors such as the extractive industry and construction industry is relatively high. In terms of carbon information disclosure content, the carbon information disclosed by enterprises is mainly related to low-carbon technology and low-carbon product plans. Through empirical analysis of the impact of carbon information disclosure on short-term stock market performance and investor returns, it is found that the trading volume and value of stocks in the 5 trading days after the information event were higher than those in the previous 5 trading days. Still, the increase in the overall stock market value was not significant. This shows that the occurrence of carbon information disclosure events can improve the liquidity and trading activity of the stock market, trigger the stock market’s market response to carbon information disclosure, and enable investors to obtain more abnormal returns among short-term investors. It has a certain impact on short-term enterprise value creation.
Research Value of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Alleviating Parotid Gland Function Injury in Patients with Stage N0 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma from Physical and Dosimetric Aspects
Authors: Zheng Lirong , Wang Hong , Yang Neng , Du Fenglei , Xiao Lin , Wu Gangfeng
Published: July 2022

Objective. To study the feasibility of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for stage N0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its parotid gland (PG) function preservation from physical and dosimetric aspects. Methods. All the clinical data of 77 patients with pathologically confirmed T1-4N0M0 NPC who received radiotherapy between July 2017 and October 2019 in the Radiotherapy Center of Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and IMRT were used in 35 and 42 cases, respectively. The treatment efficiency and the dosimetry differences of the PG in the intensity modulation plan were compared between groups. Quantitative monitoring of 99mTc radionuclide imaging of PG was performed before, at the end of, and 3, 6, and 12 months after radiotherapy. The degree of PG function injury and xerostomia was compared between groups at the end of radiotherapy and 12 months later. Results. Higher minimal, maximal, and average irradiation doses of PG were determined in 3D-CRT-treated patients compared with IMRT-treated cases (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with before radiotherapy, the PG uptake index (UI) and excretion index (EI) of both cohorts of patients decreased to varying degrees at the end of radiotherapy, with PG function injury and xerostomia symptoms observed in all cases but with no obvious difference between groups (

P
>
0.05

). To a certain extent, the PG function recovered and the xerostomia symptoms relieved in both groups 12 months after radiotherapy, with better improvements in IMRT group versus 3D-CRT group. Conclusion. IMRT has similar short-term efficacy to 3D-CRT in treating patients with stage N0 NPC, but it can effectively reduce the dose of PG radiotherapy and protect the PG function on the premise of ensuring sufficient tumor coverage and dose, showing certain dosimetry advantages.
Optimization of the Intelligent Sports Health Management System Based on Big Data Technology and Internet of Things
Authors: Dang Jian
Published: July 2022

People often suffer from unpredictable injuries during physical exercise. One of the important reasons is the absence of a scientific sports health management system. Therefore, the construction of such a scientific and effective system has gradually attracted the attention of scholars, which is of great significance to realizing people’s scientific and personalized physical fitness. An intelligent sports health management system based on big data analysis and the Internet of things (IoT) is constructed to solve this problem. The system consists of the user, IoT, cloud, system analysis, evaluation, and data layers. Firstly, a new multilabel feature selection algorithm is proposed in the system analysis layer. The suggested multilabel feature selection algorithm maps the sample space to the label space through the

L

21

norm. Then, the consistency of various topologies is guaranteed by combining with feature popularity so that the factors affecting user health can be better selected. Secondly, the experiment is compared with SCLS, SSFS, and six other multilabel feature selection algorithms in 6 classic medical multilabel datasets. Experimental results under five indexes show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed feature selection algorithm. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed intelligent sports management system is analyzed.
Construction of University English Informatization Learning Environment Based on ESP Teaching Mode
Authors: Feng Ling
Published: July 2022

To further improve university students’ English comprehensive quality and knowledge level, a kind of information analysis and evaluation system based on the English course was put forward and designed. The construction of the informatization learning environment was explored from the perspective of ESP theory, combining with the existing problems of English informatization teaching in universities. It aimed at promoting the transformation and development of the targeting of English teaching, the application of the curriculum system, the specialization of the teaching content, and the multidimensional evaluation mechanism. The results showed that the application of ESP teaching theory in the construction of an informatization learning environment could provide the system and resource guarantee for the innovative development of the English teaching model and further optimize the English teaching method. Through a semester of The Foundation of University Information Technology MOOC study and practice in the practical operation of the evaluation system, the pass rate of each college was over 80%. And 91% of the students scored more than 60 in the final exam and 35% of the students scored more than 90.
Selection of Suppliers in Industrial Manufacturing: A Fuzzy Rough PROMETHEE Approach
Authors: Sarwar Musavarah , Zafar Fariha , Majeed Iqra Abdul , Javed Soha
Published: July 2022

In supply chain management (SCM), the selection of suppliers plays a vital role in an efficient production process. Over the last few years, to form a trade-off between the quantitative and qualitative criteria, the selection of suppliers in SCM is considered very conclusive. The decisions generally demand different criteria to balance between every possible inconsistent parameters involving subjectivity and uncertainty in the process. The evaluation information mostly depends on the experience and knowledge of experts that are unsure and indistinct. This study introduces a novel decision-making method by integrating rough approximations with fuzzy numbers and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) to deal with subjective and objective vagueness in the assessment of decision makers. To minimize the dependency on experts’ judgements, entropy weights are computed from the original data set. The preference index is then computed using entropy weights and deviations among alternatives. The alternatives are ranked using the intersection of both positive flow and negative flow. To show the significance and importance of fuzzy rough PROMETHEE method, a case study of supplier selection in industrial manufacturing is discussed in detail. The developed method is effectively used to rank the supplier alternatives under given criteria. The results are then compared with different rough numbers and fuzzy numbers based on MCDM methods. The fuzzy rough PROMETHEE method can be efficiently used for the selection of the best suppliers to reduce losses and maximize the production process.
Comparison of the Application Value for Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease between Color Doppler Flow Quantification Technique and Computed Tomography
Authors: Zhao Yusen , Zhang Renzhong , Wang Yaoyi , Xu Yuanbo , Wang Xiangming
Published: July 2022

Objective. The aim of this study is to compare the application value for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) between the color Doppler flow quantification (CDFQ) technique and computed tomography (CT). Methods. The clinical data of 88 hospitalized patients treated in the Renal Medicine of our hospital and diagnosed with CKD after pathological examination from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected for the retrospective analysis, and 32 individuals with normal physical examination results in the same period were selected as the control group. All study subjects received CDFQ and 640‐slice volume CT examination, and by plotting the ROC curves, the clinical value of different diagnostic modalities was analyzed. Results. The 3D renal volumes between the stage 1 group and control group were significantly different (P < 0.05); the 3D renal volumes between the stage 2 group and control group and between the stage 2 group and stage 1 group were significantly different (P < 0.05); in the comparison between the stage 3 group versus control group/stage 2 group, the RI values, 3D renal volumes, and cortical thicknesses were significantly different (P < 0.05); in the comparison between the stage 4 group versus control group/stage 1 group, the RI values, 3D renal volumes, and cortical thicknesses were significantly different, and between the stage 4 group and stage 2 group, the RI values and cortical thicknesses were significantly different (P < 0.05); in the comparison between the stage 5 group versus control group/stage 1 group/stage 2 group/stage 3 group, the RI values, 3D renal volumes, and cortical thicknesses were significantly different, and between the stage 5 group and stage 4 group, the RI values and 3D renal volumes were significantly different (P < 0.05); among various groups, the measurement indicators of 640‐slice volume CT scan were significantly different (P < 0.05); and in terms of disease classification, the AUC value, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of 640‐slice volume CT were higher than those of CDFQ diagnosis. Conclusion. 640‐slice volume CT has a higher efficacy in diagnosing CKD and can provide a reliable basis for the selection of treatment schemes for CKD patients.
[Retracted] Targeting Streptomyces‐Derived Streptenol Derivatives against Gynecological Cancer Target PIK3CA: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Jemmy Christy H. , Vasudevan Swetha , Sudha S. , Kandeel Mahmoud , Subramanian Kumaran , Pugazhvendan S. R. , Ronald Ross P. , Velmurugan
Published: July 2022

Streptomyces is amongst the most amenable genera for biotechnological applications, and it is extensively used as a scaffold for drug development. One of the most effective therapeutic applications in the treatment of cancer is targeted therapy. Small molecule therapy is one of them, and it has gotten a lot of attention recently. Streptomyces derived compounds namely streptenols A, C, and F–I and streptazolin were subjected for ADMET property assessment. Our computational studies based on molecular docking effectively displayed the synergistic effect of streptomyces‐derived compounds on the gynecological cancer target PIK3CA. These compounds were observed with the highest docking scores as well as promising intermolecular interaction stability throughout the molecular dynamic simulation. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic modeling techniques were utilized to investigate the binding mode stability of drugs using a pharmacophore scaffold, as well as physicochemical and pharmacokinetic aspects linked to alpelisib. With a root mean square fluctuation of the protein backbone of less than 0.7 nm, they demonstrated a steady binding mode in the target binding pocket. They have also prompted hydrogen bonding throughout the simulations, implying that the chemicals have firmly occupied the active site. A comprehensive study showed that streptenol D, streptenol E, streptenol C, streptenol G, streptenol F, and streptenol B can be considered as lead compounds for PIK3CA‐based inhibitor design. To warrant the treatment efficacy against cancer, comprehensive computational research based on proposed chemicals must be assessed through in vitro studies.
Investigation on the Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Characteristics of Modified Steel Slag Concrete under Sulfate Erosion
Authors: Lan Sulian , Zhang Hongri , Li Hongming
Published: July 2022

In this study, cement-fly ash composite slurry was used to modify the surface of steel slag aggregate. The evolution law of parameters such as the mass loss rate, dynamic elastic modulus, and compressive strength of the modified material was obtained through the erosion test, and the sulfate erosion was investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results show that the modification of steel slag aggregate can significantly reduce damage to steel slag concrete during the erosion process. The quality and dynamic elastic modulus of concrete both increased first and then decreased with the erosion time. The compressive strength after erosion was higher than that of ordinary steel slag. Aggregate concrete and ordinary concrete increased by 5.7% and 15.6%, respectively. The microscopic characteristic analysis found that the modified coating filled the pores and microcracks on the surface of the steel slag, making it difficult for SO42- to invade. The number of corrosion products inside the sample was significantly reduced. Additionally, the steel slag aggregate and the active components in the modified coating could interact, resulting in the hydration products effectively filling in the pores and microcracks of the modified concrete, so that the compactness of the modified steel slag aggregate concrete was significantly improved.
A Study of Missing Collaborative Data Imputation Models based on Same-City Delivery
Authors: Zou Xintong , Jin Hui
Published: July 2022

With advent of the postepidemic era, the development of digital logistics operations management is imminent. Among the various logistics delivery methods, same-city delivery is chosen by the vast majority of customers for its timeliness and safety. Online ordering and delivery methods for same-city delivery are also gaining increasing attention from enterprises which need to know the inventory balance of all same-city warehouses in time for early deployment and response. However, in practice, the inventory balance of each warehouse can be affected by other warehouses in the same city, and there is often a lack of data in the inventory management system due to equipment and other issues resulting in a poor response from the company to handle emergencies. To address these issues, an improved matrix decomposition model was designed to interpolate the missing data by taking into account the spatiotemporal correlation between warehouses. The L-curve criterion was used to select hyperparameter values, the spatiotemporal regularize was used to capture the time dependence of the time series, and the model performance was evaluated using root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error. Comparisons with classical interpolation techniques were made to validate the improved performance of the proposed method.
Detection of Fungal Infections in Gloriosa Superba Plant Using the Convolution Neural Network Model
Authors: Pelaez-Diaz Guillermo Napoleón , Vílchez-Vásquez Rosa , Huaman-Osorio Antonio , Mahaveerakannan R. , Pushpa S. , Shelke Nilesh , Jagadibabu Sumitha , Mahilraj Jenifer
Published: July 2022

Herbal treatments’ efficacy, safety, and mild side effects are also high priorities in primary care. Furthermore, as the world’s population expands, food production becomes more difficult. We need to use innovative biotechnology-based fertilization technologies to boost food production output. Gloriosa superba is one of the most well-known plants for its antibacterial and medicinal capabilities. The money plant is also known as the Gloriosa superba. We used a deep learning-based convolution neural network (CNN) classifier model to optimize the CNN algorithm parameter for better prediction. The enhanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was used for optimization. Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) was used to extract the fungal spotted area. Digital camera with a high resolution acquires 300 dataset photographs from different villages in India for this investigation. Using a real-time fungal-affected image to train and test the model, different parametric measures are used to assess the model’s performance. The categorization accuracy obtained in this experiment was 99.32 percent.
Additive Slack-Based Measure for a Two-Stage Structure with Shared Inputs and Undesirable Feedback
Authors: Salahi M. , Jamalian A. , Shakouri R. , Asanimoghadam K.
Published: July 2022

The two-stage data envelopment analysis models are among the widely used mathematical programming approaches to evaluate the performance of two-stage structures. In this paper, a two-stage structure with shared inputs and feedback is studied. To reduce undesirable outputs, an additive slack-based measure model is proposed to evaluate the stages and overall efficiencies, while undesirable outputs are weakly disposable. As it does not require determining the weights for combining stages’ efficiencies, all Pareto optimal stages’ efficiencies can be gained. In addition, the proposed approach can identify desirable outputs from undesirable outputs, thereby avoiding the need for weighting. This advantage from the aspect of multiobjective programming helps internal evaluation of the network model to match priorities of managers. The proposed nonlinear model is reformulated as a second-order cone program, which is a convex optimization problem that can be solved to global optimality. This is a computational improvement over the parametric models in the literature. Furthermore, the proposed model is applied for country-wise and area-wise performance evaluations of a real industrial application dataset in mainland China. Results show that the efficiency of the overall system relies between the efficiencies of the two stages and for all DMUs, the first stage’s efficiency scores are always higher than the second stage ones in both evaluations. Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient test results show that the overall efficiency is more correlated with the waste disposal stage. Finally, to show the effect of the decision maker’s preference, a detailed sensitivity analysis is performed.
Advantages of Small Incision Surgery in Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Feng Wen , Feng Yuan , Diao Qixian , Zhou Jian
Published: July 2022

Objective. Thyroid tumor is a common thyroid disease, and the incidence of complications after traditional thyroid surgery is high, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. With the development of minimally invasive techniques, small incision surgery has a positive impact on changing the traditional thyroid surgery treatment. However, the gap between small incision surgery and traditional thyroid surgery is unclear, so this meta-analysis was used to evaluate its application value. Methods. Searching English biomedical databases, including PubMed and Science Network and Chinese major biomedical databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu. The keywords of the searched articles are as follows: small incision surgery, traditional thyroid surgery, thyroid tumor treatment, clinical efficacy of thyroid tumor, and surgical treatment, and these keywords are searched individually or in combination to track relevant systematic reviews and literature meta-analysis, and conduct other studies. The retrieval period is from the establishment of the database to January 2022. After extracting the article data, the patients were divided into small incision surgery group and traditional thyroid surgery group due to different intervention methods. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included literature, and RevMan 5.30 was used for meta-analysis. Results. A total of 9 articles met the inclusion criteria. There were 369 patients with small incision surgery and 364 patients with traditional thyroid surgery. Compared with traditional thyroid surgery, patients treated with small incision surgery had significant short hospitalization time (MD −2.72, 95% CI (−3.32, −2.12)), less amount of bleeding (MD −15.52, 95% CI (−20.40, −10.65)), short incision length (MD −12.73, 95% CI (−16.29, −9.17)), lower VAS score (MD −2.58, 95% CI (−4.08, −1.08)), and less complications (RR 0.30, 95% CI (0.21, 0.44)). Conclusion. Compared with traditional thyroid surgery, the results show that small incision surgery can shorten the hospital stay of patients with thyroid tumor, reduce the length of incision, reduce the amount of bleeding and the occurrence of complications, reduce postoperative pain, and have a positive effect on postoperative survival of patients.
Feature Extraction and Classification of Music Content Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Shi Qianqiu , Ko Young Chun
Published: July 2022

To study the use of in-depth training in extracting and classifying the content of music samples, the work offers an algorithm for identifying and classifying musical genres based on a deep network of beliefs, enabling it to be used to extract and classify traditional Chinese musical instruments, and using real-world experiments to test its performance after training. The experimental results are as follows: the improved depth confidence network algorithm has the highest accuracy for music recognition and classification, which can reach 75.8%, higher than other traditional methods. The improved depth confidence network identifies and classifies Chinese traditional musical instruments through Softmax layer, and the accuracy is even as high as 99.2%; DBN is combined with Softmax neural network algorithm when only a few labeled samples in the training set are used for network fine-tuning, and the accuracy of the algorithm can still reach more than 90%, which can reduce the workload in the early stage. This study effectively solves the problem of too much workload and low accuracy in the process of music content recognition, classification, and extraction.
Modified Epiblepharon Repair Preserving Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
Authors: Youn Hyun Chul , Lee Seunghwan , Lee Ju-Hyang
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims. Conventional epiblepharon repair using anterior lamellar debulking can flatten the lower eyelid, which can cause cosmetic problems in Asian individuals, such as tarsal hollowness. This study describes a modified epiblepharon repair which preserves the orbicularis oculi muscle and surgical efficacy in terms of anatomical and cosmetic outcomes. Methods. A retrospective review of was conducted of patients who received modified epiblepharon repair preserving orbicularis oculi muscle from April 2016 to October 2018. Removal of the orbicularis oculi muscle was minimally performed with eyelash rotating sutures and epicanthal weakening procedure. The preoperative severity of epiblepharon was classified according to skin fold height and cilia-corneal touch. Main postoperative outcomes were evaluated by functional success and cosmetic satisfaction. Results. A total of 208 eyelids of 104 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 7.2 ± 4.2 years with a mean follow-up time of 5.6 ± 4.6 months. Functional success was obtained in 206 eyelids (99.0%). Only two cases that had a total epiblepharon score of 7 showed a recurrence of mild cilia-corneal touch, but reoperation was not required. The cosmetic satisfaction score was 8.7 ± 1.8 (range, 1–10). The excellent cosmesis group with a cosmetic score of 9 or higher had significantly higher skin fold height (

p
=
0.027

). Conclusions. Modified epiblepharon repair preserving orbicularis oculi muscle can be effective in the treatment of lower epiblepharon regardless of its severity. Excellent outcomes were obtained functionally and cosmetically without debulking of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
Swarm Control for Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles with Unknown Time-Varying Environmental Disturbance and Input Saturation
Authors: Xia Guoqing , Sun Xianxin
Published: July 2022

This paper addresses the swarm tracking problem of multiple unmanned surface vehicles subjected to unknown time-varying environmental disturbance and input saturation. The main control objective of this paper is that USVs cluster to follow the virtual leader with the desired position and heading and are required to maintain a specified position separation relative to both neighbor vehicles. In order to achieve the design goal, we mainly focus on three aspects. Firstly, to estimate the external disturbance accurately and improve the convergence speed, a finite-time disturbance observer is designed. Secondly, an auxiliary dynamic system is introduced to solve the input saturation problem. Thirdly, an output feedback controller based on a finite-time disturbance observer and an auxiliary dynamic system is designed to achieve swarm control of multiple unmanned surface vehicles. The stability of the system is proved by the Lyapunov directly method. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is effective.
TiM-Net: Transformer in M-Net for Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Zhong Xiang , Li Zhijie , Chen Yanan , Zhu Zhiliang , Lv Jingqin , Li Chuanxiu , Zhou Ying , Li Guangli
Published: July 2022

retinal image is a crucial window for the clinical observation of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or other correlated diseases. Retinal vessel segmentation is of great benefit to the clinical diagnosis. Recently, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a dominant method in the retinal vessel segmentation field, especially the U-shaped CNN models. However, the conventional encoder in CNN is vulnerable to noisy interference, and the long-rang relationship in fundus images has not been fully utilized. In this paper, we propose a novel model called Transformer in M-Net (TiM-Net) based on M-Net, diverse attention mechanisms, and weighted side output layers to efficaciously perform retinal vessel segmentation. First, to alleviate the effects of noise, a dual-attention mechanism based on channel and spatial is designed. Then the self-attention mechanism in Transformer is introduced into skip connection to re-encode features and model the long-range relationship explicitly. Finally, a weighted SideOut layer is proposed for better utilization of the features from each side layer. Extensive experiments are conducted on three public data sets to show the effectiveness and robustness of our TiM-Net compared with the state-of-the-art baselines. Both quantitative and qualitative results prove its clinical practicality. Moreover, variants of TiM-Net also achieve competitive performance, demonstrating its scalability and generalization ability. The code of our model is available at https://github.com/ZX-ECJTU/TiM-Net.
Local and Global Interactive Buckling Capacity of Thin-Walled Box-Section Members of BS700 High-Strength Steel under Axial Compression
Authors: Lei Gao , ming Ni , Xingkun Xie , Linyue Bai , Lixiang He
Published: July 2022

The local and global buckling capacity of the thin-walled box-section members formed by cold bending of ten BS700 high-strength steel (HSS) specimens are experimentally determined through an axial compression test. The mechanical properties of the materials are evaluated through material performance test, and a material model suitable for finite element analysis is proposed. The initial geometric imperfection of the members is measured, and it is found that the maximum initial deflection can be 1/1000 of the length of the members, as specified in the Chinese code. Based on the test, the ultimate bearing capacity and failure modes of the component with local and global interactive buckling are obtained. Further, a finite element model is established, and the corresponding results are compared with the test results. Furthermore, the test results are compared with those obtained using the existing specifications. The results show that the failure modes of the specimens are primarily local and global buckling failure. The influence of residual stress and initial geometric imperfection is considered in the proposed finite element model. Comparing the ultimate bearing capacity and load-displacement curves with the corresponding test results, it is found that the finite element model can effectively reproduce the test results. By comparing the test results with those obtained based on the steel structure design codes of China, the United States, and Europe, it is found that the test results are all higher than the existing code results, and the Chinese and European codes are relatively conservative with a difference of more than 20%, while the difference between the test results and the American code results is nearly 10%. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the calculation methods of local and global buckling capacity of thin-walled box-section members of BS700 HSS under axial compression.
Effect of Algoplaque Hydrocolloid Dressing Combined with Nanosilver Antibacterial Gel under Predictive Nursing in the Treatment of Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury
Authors: Li Chunxiu , Chen Hongmei , You Guanghui
Published: July 2022

It was aimed at the clinical value of predictive nursing and Algoplaque hydrocolloid dressing (AHD) combined with nanosilver antibacterial gel in treating medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI). 100 patients, who underwent surgery in Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital from February 2019 to February 2020, were selected as the research objects and were randomly divided into the experimental group (50 cases) and the control group (50 cases). For the characterization test, a nanosilver antibacterial gel was created first. Patients in both groups received predictive nursing, but those in the experimental group received AHD and nanosilver antibacterial gel, and those in the control group received gauzes. MDRPI incidence, pressed skin injury severity, comfort level, clothing changes, nursing satisfaction, and other factors were all compared. The particle size of the nanosilver gel was 45-85 nm, with a relatively homogeneous distribution with the medium size, according to the findings. The incidence of MDRPI in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group significantly (6% vs. 30%,

P
<
0.05

). The degree of injury of pressured skin in the experimental group was milder than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), the degree of comfort and nursing satisfaction was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and dressing change count was lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In the treatment of MDRPI, predictive nursing and AHD using nanosilver antibacterial gel showed high clinical application value.
The X-Linked Helicase DDX3X Is Required for Lymphoid Differentiation and MYC-Driven Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Lacroix Marion , Beauchemin Hugues , Fraszczak Jennifer , Ross Julie , Shooshtarizadeh Peiman , Chen Riyan , Möröy Tarik
Published: July 2022

The X-linked gene DDX3X encodes an RNA helicase that is mutated at high frequencies in several types of human B-cell lymphoma. Females have two active DDX3X alleles and males carry a DDX3Y homolog on the Y chromosome. We show here that pan-hematopoietic, homozygous deletion of Ddx3x in female mice perturbs erythropoiesis, causing early developmental arrest. However, both hemizygous male and heterozygous female embryos develop normally, suggesting that one Ddx3x allele is sufficient for fetal hematopoietic development in females and that the Ddx3y allele can compensate for the loss of Ddx3x in males. In adult mice, DDX3X deficiency altered hematopoietic progenitors, early lymphoid development, marginal zone and germinal center B cells, and lymphomagenesis in a sex-dependent manner. Loss of both Ddx3x alleles abrogated MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in females, whereas Ddx3x deletion in males did not affect the formation of B-cell lymphoma in both mouse models. Moreover, tumors that appeared in male mice lacking DDX3X showed upregulated expression of DDX3Y, indicating a critical requirement for DDX3 activity for lymphomagenesis. These data reveal sex-specific roles of DDX3X in erythro- and lymphopoiesis as well as in MYC-driven lymphomagenesis.

Significance:

The sex-dependent effects of DDX3X deficiency in malignant transformation of B cells and the compensatory role of DDX3Y support inhibition of DDX3 as a treatment strategy for MYC-driven B-cell lymphoma.
Breast Cancer Risk in Women from Ghana Carrying Rare Germline Pathogenic Mutations
Authors: Ahearn Thomas U. , Choudhury Parichoy Pal , Derkach Andriy , Wiafe-Addai Beatrice , Awuah Baffour , Yarney Joel , Edusei Lawrence , Titiloye Nicholas , Adjei Ernest , Vanderpuye Verna , Aitpillah Francis , Dedey Florence , Oppong Joseph , Osei-Bonsu Ernest Baawuah , Duggan Máire A. , Brinton Louise A. , Allen Jamie , Luccarini Craig , Baynes Caroline , Carvalho Sara , Dunning Alison M. , Davis Lynn Brittny C. , Chanock Stephen J. , Hicks Belynda D. , Yeager Meredith , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Biritwum Richard , Clegg-Lamptey Joe Nat , Nyarko Kofi , Wiafe Seth , Ansong Daniel , Easton Douglas F. , Figueroa Jonine D. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat
Published: July 2022

Background:

Risk estimates for women carrying germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes are mainly based on studies of European ancestry women.

Methods:

We investigated associations between pathogenic variants (PV) in 34 genes with breast cancer risk in 871 cases [307 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, 321 ER-negative, and 243 ER-unknown] and 1,563 controls in the Ghana Breast Health Study (GBHS), and estimated lifetime risk for carriers. We compared results with those for European, Asian, and African American ancestry women.

Results:

The frequency of PV in GBHS for nine breast cancer genes was 8.38% in cases and 1.22% in controls. Relative risk estimates for overall breast cancer were: (OR, 13.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.03–46.51) for BRCA1, (OR, 7.02; 95% CI, 3.17–15.54) for BRCA2, (OR, 17.25; 95% CI, 2.15–138.13) for PALB2, 5 cases and no controls carried TP53 PVs, and 2.10, (0.72–6.14) for moderate-risk genes combined (ATM, BARD1, CHEK2, RAD51C, RAD52D). These estimates were similar to those previously reported in other populations and were modified by ER status. No other genes evaluated had mutations associated at P < 0.05 with overall risk. The estimated lifetime risks for mutation carriers in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 and moderate-risk genes were 18.4%, 9.8%, 22.4%, and 3.1%, respectively, markedly lower than in Western populations with higher baseline risks.

Conclusions:

We confirmed associations between PV and breast cancer risk in Ghanaian women and provide absolute risk estimates that could inform counseling in Ghana and other West African countries.

Impact:

These findings have direct relevance for breast cancer genetic counseling for women in West Africa.
Association between Ancestry-Specific 6q25 Variants and Breast Cancer Subtypes in Peruvian Women
Authors: Zavala Valentina A. , Casavilca-Zambrano Sandro , Navarro-Vásquez Jeannie , Castañeda Carlos A. , Valencia Guillermo , Morante Zaida , Calderón Monica , Abugattas Julio E. , Gómez Henry , Fuentes Hugo A. , Liendo-Picoaga Ruddy , Cotrina Jose M. , Monge Claudia , Neciosup Silvia P. , Huntsman Scott , Hu Donglei , Sánchez Sixto E. , Williams Michelle A. , Núñez-Marrero Angel , Godoy Lenin , Hechmer Aaron , Olshen Adam B. , Dutil Julie , Ziv Elad , Zabaleta Jovanny , Gelaye Bizu , Vásquez Jule , Gálvez-Nino Marco , Enriquez-Vera Daniel , Vidaurre Tatiana , Fejerman Laura
Published: July 2022

Background:

Breast cancer incidence in the United States is lower in Hispanic/Latina (H/L) compared with African American/Black or Non-Hispanic White women. An Indigenous American breast cancer–protective germline variant (rs140068132) has been reported near the estrogen receptor 1 gene. This study tests the association of rs140068132 and other polymorphisms in the 6q25 region with subtype-specific breast cancer risk in H/Ls of high Indigenous American ancestry.

Methods:

Genotypes were obtained for 5,094 Peruvian women with (1,755) and without (3,337) breast cancer. Associations between genotype and overall and subtype-specific risk for the protective variant were tested using logistic regression models and conditional analyses, including other risk-associated polymorphisms in the region.

Results:

We replicated the reported association between rs140068132 and breast cancer risk overall [odds ratio (OR), 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.59], as well as the lower odds of developing hormone receptor negative (HR−) versus HR+ disease (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61–0.97). Models, including HER2, showed further heterogeneity with reduced odds for HR+HER2+ (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.92), HR−HER2+ (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44–0.90) and HR−HER2− (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56–1.05) compared with HR+HER2−. Inclusion of other risk-associated variants did not change these observations.

Conclusions:

The rs140068132 polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer in Peruvians and is more protective against HR− and HER2+ diseases independently of other breast cancer-associated variants in the 6q25 region.

Impact:

These results could inform functional analyses to understand the mechanism by which rs140068132-G reduces risk of breast cancer development in a subtype-specific manner. They also illustrate the importance of including diverse individuals in genetic studies.
Molecular Subclasses of Clear Cell Ovarian Carcinoma and Their Impact on Disease Behavior and Outcomes
Authors: Bolton Kelly L. , Chen Denise , Corona de la Fuente Rosario , Fu Zhuxuan , Murali Rajmohan , Köbel Martin , Tazi Yanis , Cunningham Julie M. , Chan Irenaeus C.C. , Wiley Brian J. , Moukarzel Lea A. , Winham Stacey J. , Armasu Sebastian M. , Lester Jenny , Elishaev Esther , Laslavic Angela , Kennedy Catherine J. , Piskorz Anna , Sekowska Magdalena , Brand Alison H. , Chiew Yoke-Eng , Pharoah Paul , Elias Kevin M. , Drapkin Ronny , Churchman Michael , Gourley Charlie , DeFazio Anna , Karlan Beth , Brenton James D. , Weigelt Britta , Anglesio Michael S. , Huntsman David , Gayther Simon , Konner Jason , Modugno Francesmary , Lawrenson Kate , Goode Ellen L. , Papaemmanuil Elli
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

To identify molecular subclasses of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) and assess their impact on clinical presentation and outcomes.

Experimental Design:

We profiled 421 primary CCOCs that passed quality control using a targeted deep sequencing panel of 163 putative CCOC driver genes and whole transcriptome sequencing of 211 of these tumors. Molecularly defined subgroups were identified and tested for association with clinical characteristics and overall survival.

Results:

We detected a putative somatic driver mutation in at least one candidate gene in 95% (401/421) of CCOC tumors including ARID1A (in 49% of tumors), PIK3CA (49%), TERT (20%), and TP53 (16%). Clustering of cancer driver mutations and RNA expression converged upon two distinct subclasses of CCOC. The first was dominated by ARID1A-mutated tumors with enriched expression of canonical CCOC genes and markers of platinum resistance; the second was largely comprised of tumors with TP53 mutations and enriched for the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization and mesenchymal differentiation. Compared with the ARID1A-mutated group, women with TP53-mutated tumors were more likely to have advanced-stage disease, no antecedent history of endometriosis, and poorer survival, driven by their advanced stage at presentation. In women with ARID1A-mutated tumors, there was a trend toward a lower rate of response to first-line platinum-based therapy.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that CCOC consists of two distinct molecular subclasses with distinct clinical presentation and outcomes, with potential relevance to both traditional and experimental therapy responsiveness.

See related commentary by Lheureux, p. 4838
Urgent Need for Novel Investigations of Treatments to Quit E-cigarettes: Findings from a Systematic Review
Authors: Palmer Amanda M. , Price Sarah N. , Foster Madeline G. , Sanford Brandon T. , Fucito Lisa M. , Toll Benjamin A.
Published: July 2022

E-cigarette use has been increasing globally over the past decade. Many use e-cigarettes as an alternative or method to quit cigarette smoking, whereas others use these products recreationally. As technology has advanced, many individuals have reported symptoms of dependence on these products and continue to use them beyond achieving abstinence from smoking. Despite individuals reporting interest in quitting, little is known about e-cigarette cessation. This systematic review sought to identify and evaluate all human subjects literature published on the outcome of e-cigarette cessation through September 2021. Of the 79 articles identified, 56 were cross-sectional, 6 were qualitative, 5 were cohort studies, 3 were experimental, 2 were mixed methods, and 7 reported intervention or case studies of e-cigarette cessation. Results showed youth generally had high intent to quit e-cigarettes, whereas results were mixed with adult samples. Youth were motivated to quit e-cigarettes by health concerns, whereas adults were motivated to quit e-cigarettes by cost, lack of satisfaction, and psychologic factors. Adults were more likely to report past e-cigarette quit attempts, most commonly “cold turkey.” Few interventions tested strategies for e-cigarette cessation, with a majority targeted for youth. Given the lack of information on e-cigarette cessation, recommendations for future studies are outlined.
Drug-Induced Epigenomic Plasticity Reprograms Circadian Rhythm Regulation to Drive Prostate Cancer toward Androgen Independence
Authors: Linder Simon , Hoogstraat Marlous , Stelloo Suzan , Eickhoff Nils , Schuurman Karianne , de Barros Hilda , Alkemade Maartje , Bekers Elise M. , Severson Tesa M. , Sanders Joyce , Huang Chia-Chi Flora , Morova Tunc , Altintas Umut Berkay , Hoekman Liesbeth , Kim Yongsoo , Baca Sylvan C. , Sjöström Martin , Zaalberg Anniek , Hintzen Dorine C. , de Jong Jeroen , Kluin Roelof J.C. , de Rink Iris , Giambartolomei Claudia , Seo Ji-Heui , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Altelaar Maarten , Medema René H. , Feng Felix Y. , Zoubeidi Amina , Freedman Matthew L. , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. , Butler Lisa M. , Lack Nathan A. , van der Poel Henk , Bergman Andries M. , Zwart Wilbert
Published: July 2022

In prostate cancer, androgen receptor (AR)–targeting agents are very effective in various disease stages. However, therapy resistance inevitably occurs, and little is known about how tumor cells adapt to bypass AR suppression. Here, we performed integrative multiomics analyses on tissues isolated before and after 3 months of AR-targeting enzalutamide monotherapy from patients with high-risk prostate cancer enrolled in a neoadjuvant clinical trial. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that AR inhibition drove tumors toward a neuroendocrine-like disease state. Additionally, epigenomic profiling revealed massive enzalutamide-induced reprogramming of pioneer factor FOXA1 from inactive chromatin sites toward active cis-regulatory elements that dictate prosurvival signals. Notably, treatment-induced FOXA1 sites were enriched for the circadian clock component ARNTL. Posttreatment ARNTL levels were associated with patients’ clinical outcomes, and ARNTL knockout strongly decreased prostate cancer cell growth. Our data highlight a remarkable cistromic plasticity of FOXA1 following AR-targeted therapy and revealed an acquired dependency on the circadian regulator ARNTL, a novel candidate therapeutic target.

Significance:

Understanding how prostate cancers adapt to AR-targeted interventions is critical for identifying novel drug targets to improve the clinical management of treatment-resistant disease. Our study revealed an enzalutamide-induced epigenomic plasticity toward prosurvival signaling and uncovered the circadian regulator ARNTL as an acquired vulnerability after AR inhibition, presenting a novel lead for therapeutic development.

See related commentary by Zhang et al., p. 2017.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2007
Are There Racial Differences in Inpatient Outcomes and Treatment Utilization following Hospitalization for Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation?
Authors: Syed Maryam J. , Khawaja Ayaz , Lisak Robert P.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Little is known about racial differences in inpatient outcomes following hospitalizations for myasthenia gravis (MG). In this study, we used a claims-based database to assess racial differences in outcomes in hospitalized myasthenics. Methods: The 2006–2014 National Inpatient Sample database was queried using the International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition diagnosis code (358.01) to identify adult patients (age >17 years) undergoing hospitalization for MG. Race was categorized into – white, black/African American (AA), Asian or Pacific Islander, Hispanic, Native American, and other. Complications assessed included urinary tract infections, acute renal failure, cardiac complications, systemic infection, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether race was associated with a difference in outcomes, after controlling for baseline demographics, hospital characteristics, and treatment factors. Results: A total of 56,189 patient admissions, using a weighted sample, underwent hospitalization for MG between 2006 and 2014. Black/AA patients had significantly higher odds of experiencing systemic infections (odds ratio [OR] 1.35 [95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.16–1.58]; p < 0.001), deep venous thrombosis (OR 2.11 [95% CI 1.36–3.27]; p = 0.001), and renal failure (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.05–1.35]; p = 0.005). Black/AA patients were more likely to be intubated (OR 1.09 [95% CI 1.01–1.19]; p = 0.028) and receive noninvasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.62 [95% CI 1.46–1.79]; p < 0.001), however, were less likely to receive intravenous immunoglobulin (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.73–0.82]; p < 0.001) and plasmapheresis (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.72–0.82]; p < 0.001). Black/AA and Hispanic patients had lower mortality (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.59–0.94; p = 0.012]. Conclusions: Significant racial differences exist in both treatment utilization and inpatient outcomes for patients hospitalized for MG.