bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
At the Top of the Tree? Surveying Conference Interpreters as an Elite
Authors: Hoyte-West Antony
Published: July 2021

In spite of the crucial role that conference interpreters play in the world of international affairs and diplomacy, the concept of conference interpreters as an elite has not attracted significant academic interest to date. Building on the author’s previous work (Hoyte-West, 2021), which examined the historical and theoretical aspects of the intersection between conference interpreting and elite sociology, this article reports on the findings of an empirical study with practising conference interpreters. Given increasing interest in sociological aspects of the translational professions, this study is both necessary and timely. In terms of data gathering, snowball sampling was used to disseminate an internet-based survey among professional conference interpreters, with the aim of determining whether conference interpreters viewed themselves as members of an elite. The internet-based survey received 120 responses from freelance, staff, and retired conference interpreters. Using an overwhelmingly quantitative approach, the data was analysed and tabulated, before being subsequently discussed and compared with Khan’s (2012) framework of elite resource areas (political, economic, cultural, social network, and knowledge-based), which had previously been applied to the professional sphere of conference interpreting by the author. As such, it was noted that conference interpreters generally did not view themselves as members of an elite; however, further qualitative research in this area remains both desirable and necessary.
Evaluation of healthcare professionals' knowledge on Code Blue: A multi-centre survey study
Authors: Sagun Aslinur , Doruk Nurcan , Birbicer Handan , Akin Sule , Keles Gonul , Ozbilgin Sule , Yilbas Aysun , Senayli Yesim
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The Blue Code practice provides increase in survival rates and decrease in the rate of permanent sequelae after cardiac arrest. There are issues that healthcare workers should pay attention to in the Code Blue practice. Aim The primary purpose of this survey study is to determine the knowledge levels of physicians and nurses about the Code Blue and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 6 centres. The secondary aim is to determine the solutions that can be made to eliminate these deficiencies. Methods After the approval of the Faculty Ethics Committee, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Baskent Turgut Noyan Training and Research Hospital, Dokuz Eylül Univ. Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Manisa Celal Bayar Univ. Faculty of Medicine, except for the doctors and technicians of the Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation and the healthcare professionals working in the intensive care units, the doctors and nurses working in other departments were asked to answer the questions in the questionnaire via the internet with the questionnaire form stated in Appendix 1. Results A total of 415 participants responded the survey. Of them, 45.8% were nurses, 24.8% residents, 23.3% faculty members, 5.4% specialist doctors and 0.7% general practitioners. Totally 86.6% of the participants knew the Code Blue number. To the question "What is the Code Blue?", 92.7% of the participants gave the correct answer to his question. "Do you hesitate to intervene when you encounter a patient requiring emergency intervention?" 25.9% of the participants answered "Yes" to the question. "Is there a form about Code Blue in your clinic?" 41% answered "No" to the question. Conclusion According to the results of the survey we conducted, we are of the opinion that healthcare workers have insufficient knowledge about the Code Blue. In order to solve these problems, it would be appropriate to direct healthcare professionals to both in-hospital and external training programs.
Assessment of interpersonal anxiety in stutters
Authors: Ilić-Savić Ivana , Petrović-Lazić Mirjana
Published: July 2021

Stuttering is defined as a speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of speech elements, i.e. voices, syllables or words. The evaluation of interpersonal anxiety in stuttering pathology should indicate and encourage a new perspective and provide a conceptual approach that has the potential to enable better understanding of the affective field of a stuttering person, thus completing a guide to stuttering rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to compare the degree of interpersonal anxiety of stuttering subjects and the typical population and the potential effect of age differences and different forms of stuttering on the degree of interpersonal anxiety. The sample included 48 subjects, 24 stuttering subjects and 24 non-stuttering subjects. Interpersonal anxiety was evaluated using the Willoughby questionnaire which assesses the degree of interpersonal anxiety. The obtained results show that the subjects who stutter are more anxious than the subjects of the typical population [F(1, 44) = 13.66, p <.01]. Stuttering subjects from the older age groups have exhibited a higher degree of interpersonal anxiety compared to younger subjects [F(1, 22) = 8.544, p <.01]. There are differences in the degree of interpersonal anxiety in people who stutter with respect to the form of stuttering [F(2, 21) = 80.83, p <.01] - the people who have a severe form of stuttering are more anxious than the people who have a mild and moderate form of stuttering. Studying of the relationships between these disorders is essential for strengthening and supplementing the existing prevention measures, but also for encouraging the development of new prevention programmes aimed at forestalling occurrence of anxiety by gaining the ability to successfully overcome emotional discomfort associated with speech. The obtained findings underscore the importance of stuttering assessment and therapy in adults and suggest that the integration of interventions by speech therapists and clinical psychologists could be beneficial for this population.
Effect of container type on growth and development of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings in the nursery
Authors: Popović Vladan , Lučić Aleksandar , Rakonjac Ljubinko
Published: July 2021

In this paper are presented the research results of effect of the container type on growth and morphological parameters of Pedunculate oak seedlings. In the experiment were used three types of containers Bosnaplast 18, Bosnaplast 12 and HIKO V265. Seed collection was performed in the Pedunculate oak seed stand registration number RS-2-2-qro-12-197 which is managing by FE Kragujevac in autumn 2012 and seed sowing in containers was done in spring 2013 in the seedling nursery of Institute of Forestry in Belgrade. The analysis of one-year-old seedlings was performed in autumn 2013. The parameters that were measured are height and root collar diameter. Seedlings produced in containers Bosnaplast 18 with cell volume of 220 cm3 and HIKO V265 with cell volume of 265 cm3 have larger dimensions and they are more quality than seedlings produced in containers type Bosnaplast 12 that have cell volume of 120 cm3 . Researches have shown that container volume has positive effect on morphological characteristics of Pedunculate oak seedlings in conditions of seedling nursery.
A method for determining the forest fire threat level
Authors: Ratknić Mihailo , Đorđević Goran , Bojović Mileta , Ratknić Tatjana
Published: July 2021

Articles 20, 22, 23, 24 and 27 of the Law on Fire Protection ('Official Gazette of RS', No 111/09) stipulate who and in what manner must prepare fire protection plans and what these plans must contain. The Regulation on classification of buildings, activities and land into a fire threat category ('Official Gazette of RS' No. 76/2010) prescribes a method of categorisation of fire protection subjects, stipulating that the legal entities classified into the first and the second fire threat category must prepare fire protection plans. A novelty in sub-legal regulation is the adoption of a special rulebook on preparation method and content of fire protection plans of autonomous provinces, local self-government units and subjects classified into the first and the second fire threat category ('Official Gazette of RS' No. 73/10). This sub-legal act prescribes the method and guidelines for preparation of fire protection plans, which is a substantial step forward in creation of a uniform procedure on preparation of fire protection plans. A serious shortcoming of this rulebook is that it only takes into account buildings, whereas the Law also stipulates categorisation of land and good-quality forested areas, as well as preparation of forest fire protection plans. Furthermore, the preparation of forest fire protection plans substantially differs from the preparation of fire protection plans for buildings. Creation of a planning act, such is a forest fire protection plan, entails development of methodologies that will provide the basis for the assessment of threat, or a fire occurrence risk, in a specific forest area.
Hiking tourism: Motives and behaviours: A case study
Authors: Moira Polyxeni , Mylonopoulos Dimitrios , Terzoglou Elli
Published: July 2021

Hiking is a physical activity aiming at recreation, training, and physical fitness. As a rule, people are engaged in this activity during vacations. However, very often, hiking is the main motive for travelling. This very fact allows us to refer to hiking as a distinct type of tourism, being the very reason to make a trip. In Greece, both Greeks and foreigners engage in this activity, following one of the two European long-distance footpaths (E4 and E6). This research aims at investigating motives, attitudes and behaviours of Greek hikers, members of the "Friends of Mountain and Sea Club", who undertake hiking tours in Greece and abroad. The research indicates that the main motive the hikers have, are contact with nature, wish to explore new places, and getting to know the civilization of different regions. On the way to their destination, hikers, in addition to hiking, also visit places and monuments of cultural interest. This form of tourism is environment friendly, as the majority of hikers respect and protect the natural and cultural environment.
Revisiting Greek lighthouses: A new perspective in cultural tourism
Authors: Kakaroucha Paraskevi
Published: July 2021

Greece owns one of the most extensive and best organized coastal and open sea lighting systems across the world. Some of the most breathtaking and historic lighthouses and beacons of the Hellenic Lighthouse Network have been characterized as "Monuments of Modern Cultural Heritage" and are available to visitors under certain circumstances. Greek lighthouses are austere albeit multi symbolic structures that enchant people seeking refined and reclusive experiences beyond the mass tourism spectrum. This paper aims at succinctly presenting the history of Greek lighthouses and examining the perspective of their valorization in cultural tourism, taking into account their legal framework, ownership status and inherent worthiness. Lighthouses represent tangible and intangible cultural values, which deserve to be rediscovered and communicated in ways that ensure sustainability and protection for lighthouse buildings and surrounding areas.
Habices del Reino de Granada averiguados en 1528 y 1531: la ṭāʻa Nazarí de Órgiva (Alpujarra)
Authors: Esteban Álvarez Alejandro
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo estudiamos las alquerías del distrito de Órgiva a finales del emirato nazarí de Granada a través, fundamentalmente, del análisis de dos memoriales inéditos de bienes habices piadosos recopilados en los años 1528 y 1531. Ofrecemos características de sus términos y áreas residenciales, junto a rasgos culturales y económicos significativos de las poblaciones musulmanas que habitaban este ámbito rural situado en la Alpujarra. Se trata de comunidades campesinas con un marcado carácter piadoso, visible en los edificios de culto religioso y en los numerosos bienes instituidos para mantenerlos. Organizadas en torno al aprovechamiento del agua, este recurso natural aparece domesticado mediante acequias y regulado con acuerdos colectivos que permiten fertilizar un paisaje de terrazas de cultivo, pequeñas y de parcelación excelsa, y contribuyen a sustentar económicamente a estas poblaciones por la práctica de una agricultura mayoritariamente irrigada, promiscua e intensiva.
Comunicación escrita y oral de la ordenanza municipal (siglos XV-XVI)
Authors: López Villalba José Miguel
Published: July 2021

En la evolución de los concejos bajomedievales y modernos castellanos tuvieron una extraordinaria transcendencia las ordenanzas municipales. La gestión de dichos cabildos locales no se puede entender sin la aplicación de las disposiciones que, dictadas por los señores de las poblaciones o por los propios cabildos, sirvieron para lograr una sosegada convivencia política y la consiguiente prosperidad económica. El estudio diplomático de las normas ha estado relegado por los análisis históricos. A través del presente trabajo se intentarán fijar los tipos documentales utilizados en la exposición de las ordenanzas, que manifestaron, entre otras formas documentales, la categoría de original, copia certificada y copia simple. Igualmente se estudiarán los métodos de transmisión oral de dichas reglas en una sociedad iletrada.
Constantino y Carlomagno como gobernantes sabios en la obra de Eusebio de Cesarea y Alcuino de York: la realeza sapiencial en la Antigüedad Tardía y la Alta Edad Media
Authors: Rodríguez de la Peña Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Una y otra vez Eusebio de Cesarea y Alcuino de York eligieron presentar en sus escritos a sus soberanos, los emperadores Constantino el Grande y Carlomagno, como gobernantes sabios, vistiéndoles con ropajes platónicos y salomónicos. Entendemos que para entender este discurso sapiencial sobre la realeza debemos rastrear sus raíces hasta la recepción cristiana de la tradición sapiencial grecorromana y bíblica.A un tiempo el primer Emperador cristiano y el primer ‘Príncipe Teólogo’, Constantino el Grande ha sido vilipendiado como un tirano despiadado y un gobernante iletrado por autores antiguos y modernos. Sin embargo, todos los indicios apuntan a que fue el príncipe con la más alta formación cultural desde el siglo II d.C. y un devoto mecenas de las artes. Fue capaz no sólo de participar activamente en un griego fluido en los acalorados debates del Concilio de Nicea, sino también de escribir complejos tratados teológicos que defendieron una profunda teología política que incorporó ideas y expresiones de una gran variedad de fuentes, tanto cristianas como paganas. En este sentido, Eusebio nos presenta un retrato del primer emperador cristiano que es apropiadamente salomónico. En la narrativa constantiniana de Eusebio, el Emperador desempeña un papel sapiencial como carismático ‘Emperador-Predicador’, además de teólogo coronado. En este sentido, parece que la teología cristiana era importante para Constantino en la medida en que la sabiduría religiosa tenía una clara dimensión política, siendo así una prerrogativa principesca, y por lo tanto parte integral de los arcana Imperii. Cinco siglos más tarde, Alcuino de York representó en un estilo constantiniano a Carlomagno como un Rey-Predicador (Rex praedicator). Si comparamos la imagen sapiencial de la realeza en los textos constantinianos y carolingios, salta a la vista un notable parecido que apunta a una continuidad ideológica básica.
Modeling of trajectory of the pursuer in space using the method of constant-bearing approach
Authors: Dubanov Alexander Anatol'evich
Published: July 2021

  This article examines the model of pursuit task, when the pursuer while moving in space, adheres to the strategy of constant-bearing approach. The velocity modules of the pursuer and target are constant. The object moves evenly and straightforwardly, for certainty of the model, since the test program is written based on the materials of the article. The velocity vectors of the target and the pursuer in the beginning of the pursuit are directed arbitrarily. The iterative process consists of the three parts. Calculation of trajectory of the pursuer in space, calculation of trajectory of the pursuer in a plane, calculation of the transition of trajectory from space to a plane are conducted. All parts of the iterative process have to meet the conditions specified in a task. An important condition is that the minimum radius of curvature of the trajectory should not exceed a certain set value. The scientific novelty of the geometric model consists in the possibility to regulate the time of reaching the target by changing the length of trajectory of the pursuer, as well as the orientation of a plane of pursuit. Calculation of the point of next position of the pursuer in space is the point of intersection of the sphere, cone and plane of constant-bearing approach. A plane of constant-bearing approach is perpendicular to a plane of pursuit. In the model under review, a plane of pursuit is determined by the target velocity vector and direct target that connects the pursuer and the target (sight line). The radius of the sphere is equal to the step of the pursuer for the time interval the time of the iterative process is divided into. The angle of solution of the cone is the angle by which the velocity vector of the pursuer can turn. The mathematical model presented in the article may be of interest to developers of unmanned aerial vehicles.  
Assessment of Silicon and Nitrogen Fertilization on Plant and Soil Nutrition and Rice Yield Grown in Typic Ustifluvent Soil
Authors: Kumar P. Aravinth , Sekharan M. V. Sriramachandra , Muthukumararaja T.
Published: July 2021

Aim: Assess the effect of silicon and nitrogen application on chemical nutrition of plant and soil grown in Typic Ustifluvent soil

Study design: Factorial RBD

Place and duration of study: Field experiments was conducted in farmers holding in Kuttalam Block, Mayiladuthurai district. The experiment was conducted for two seasons

Methodology: Field experiments was conducted in farmers holding during kuruvai and samba seasons to. The treatments consists of silicon levels viz., 0, 50,100 and 150 kg ha-1 and nitrogen levels viz., 0, 50,100, 150 kg ha-1. using rice as test crop var. ADT43 and CR1009.The grain and straw yield was recorded at harvest. The grain and straw samples were analyzed for nutrient contents and corresponding uptake was calculated. The soil samples were analyzed for nutrient status at different physiological stages.

Results: The result revealed that graded doses of nitrogen and silicon applied alone or in combination caused significant improvement in rice yield over control. The rice yield reached its pinnacle (5600, 6786 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6811, 8031 kg ha-1) was noticed with 150 kg N ha-1 + 150 kg Si ha-1. However it was comparable with 150 kg N ha-1 + 100 kg Si ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1 + 150 kg Si ha-1. The uptake increased with nitrogen and silicon levels. The highest nutrient uptake was recorded with 150 kg N ha-1 + 150 kg Si ha-1. It was comparable with 150 kg N ha-1 + 100 kg Si ha-1. Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and silicon increased with N and Si levels. The highest available N, P, K and Si was maximum when nitrogen and silicon was applied at 150 kg ha-1.

Conclusion:  Conjoint application of 150 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg Si ha-1 recommended to realize maximum yield of rice grown in soil low nitrogen and silicon
Analysis of the Effects of Public Expenditure on Agricultural Growth in Mali
Authors: Maïga Abdoulaye , Bamba Amadou , Sy Boubacar , Keita Georges Hady , Mouleye Issoufou Soumaïla , Diallo Moussa
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of government spending on agricultural growth in Mali using data from 2000 to 2019. The lagged autoregressive model (ARDL) was used to perform the estimation. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the data from the World Bank database. Several specification tests were performed to confirm the validity of the chosen model. The results of this study show that the public expenditures have positive and significant effects on agricultural growth, except for agricultural expenditures that have negative effects. Similarly, the agricultural employability rate and fertilizer consumption also have negative effects. This implies that the government needs to review its resource allocation policy in all sectors, including the agricultural sector.
Evaluation of Changes in Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Albino Rats Following Subacute Oral Administration of Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon) Extract
Authors: Okwuosa C. N. , Azubuike N. C. , Okorie C. P.
Published: July 2021

Background: Cinnamomum cassia stem bark is used traditionally for the treatment of digestive disorders, diabetes and to alleviate symptoms of cold or flu.

Aim: The present study evaluated biochemical and haematological changes in male albino rats after exposure to the stem bark ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum cassia (SBECC).

Study Design: An experimental study which lasted for 19 days.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Animal House, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, between April 2019 and August 2019.

Methodology: Twenty (20) rats weighing 130-170 g were used. Graded doses (100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight) of the SBECC were orally administered to the animals in groups B, C and D respectively, once daily for 18 days. Group A served as the normal control and received only the vehicle (5ml/kg of 0.25N sodium carbonate). On Day 19, body weights of the rats were measured and blood samples obtained via retro-orbital puncture, were placed into plain tubes and tri-potassium ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (K3EDTA) containers for biochemical and haematological studies respectively.

Results:  Weight gain was observed in all treatment groups and control. The highest and lowest percentage weight gain was observed in Group C (51%) and Group B (33%) respectively. All the doses of the extract significantly decreased serum cholesterol levels when compared to the control (P<0.05). Treatment with 400mg/kg SBECC (Group D) significantly increased serum Alkaline phosphatase (224.00±12.88iu/l) and creatinine levels (85.60±7.40) when compared to the control (140.00±26.47 and 63.60±7.60 respectively) (P<0.05), whereas treatment with 200mg/kg SBECC significantly increased urea and creatinine levels (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the haematological parameters of the treated rats compared to the control.

Conclusion: Sub-acute oral administration of Cinnamomum cassia stem bark extract at doses lower than 500 mg/kg may not exert toxic effects on haematological parameters but can alter some serum biochemical parameters in rats.
The Psychological Implications of #EndSARS Protest in Nigeria: A Theoretical Expository Approach
Authors: Okoye Chukwuemeka A. F. , Obi-Nwosu Harry , Nwafor Chidozie E. , Ugwu Paschal Chukwuma
Published: July 2021

The nation of Nigeria recently experienced unprecedented violence occasioned by the activities of the Special Anti- Robbery Squad, popularly known as SARS. This tactical Police unit charged with the onerous responsibility of dealing with violent crimes such as car-jerking, armed robbery, kidnapping, and sundry crimes allegedly became a terror against Nigerians. They were accused of brutality, rights abuse, undue criminal profiling of youths, rape, extra-judicial killings, among other forms of abuse. These states of affair prompted Nigerian youths to initiate a protest against this Police unit tagged #EndSARS. The protest at inception was a peaceful one. Unfortunately, this supposed peaceful protest degenerated into a chaotic and violent one across the country, largely due to the high handedness of security operatives, particularly the special anti robbery squad. Consequently, several people lost their lives, public and private properties were burnt or destroyed, unimaginable looting occurred, several correctional centres witnessed jail-break, among other forms of violence. The aim of this paper therefore is to examine the psychological implications of the #EndSARS protest in Nigeria. This was done by analysing the position of some psychological theories, with the frustration-aggression hypothesis forming the theoretical framework for the analysis. Thereafter, recommendations were proffered on ways to avoid further protest, including the need for government to see the development of the youth as a priority in Nigeria.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on the Yield Attributing Traits during a Cold Period in Rice
Authors: Shshaibhushan D. , Reddy M. Ashish , Bhadru D. , Pradeep T.
Published: July 2021

Gibberellic acid is an essential growth promoter that aids in the systematic plant growth. Studies on the impact of GA3 during cold period discovered a positive effect on the growth of rice plants. The current study evaluated the impact of various concentrations of GA3 on the yielding attributes of rice during cold stress in the rice varities, JGL 1804, BPT 5204, and RNR 15048. All the quantitative traits showed significant variation among the genotypes and treatments. Gibberellins applied at low concentrations during seedling stage (1, 2 or 3 gm/200 m2 of nursery area) revealed higher quantitative trait values compared to higher concnetartions (5 and 10  gm). Among all the three varities, RNR 15048 was found to be the best variety than the others in terms of yielding triats. Therefore, GA3 applied at a concentration of 1gm, 2gm or 3gm promotes the rice plant growth during cold periods and results in higher yield. Among these, 2 gm of GA3 for 200 m2 of nurcessary area was found to be the best in aiding the crop growth during cold phase.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin on the Growth and Biofilm Formation Ability of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Obinaju N. Queenette, , Ogwunga C. Chukwunonyerem, , Anyadoh-Nwadike O. Sylvia, , Nwakwasi U. Emmanuel,
Published: July 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal bacterial flora of the skin, intestine and upper respiratory tract of both humans and animals and has the potential of causing staphylococcal infections if there is a breach in the hosts’ defense mechanism. These infections could range from mild superficial skin infections to more severe and even fatally invasive diseases such as sepsis and toxic shock syndrome. The infectivity of S. aureus is attributed to its ability to withstand extreme conditions and its possession of various virulence factors. The aim of this project was to study the effect of ciprofloxacin on the growth and biofilm forming ability of CM10 strain of Staphylococcus aureus using time kill study, resazurin and live/dead staining of biofilms and Real-time polymerase chain reaction. The identity of the given CM10 strain was confirmed when the result of the API-Staph was in total accordance with the results obtained from the colony morphology and phenotypic characterization tests (Coagulase/protein A, Gram, and Catalase tests). CM10 strain of S. aureus was not susceptible to 0.25mg/L of ciprofloxacin used for the time kill experiment but was susceptible to a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5mg/L. The difference between the ciprofloxacin treated biofilms of CM10 strain and the untreated biofilms was significant (P<0.05) showing that ciprofloxacin has an adverse effect on the cells in the biofilm. The results of this study provide an insight on the growth as well as the biofilm forming ability of CM10 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Ciprofloxacin has been shown to be an effective antibacterial against this strain of S. aureus by its inhibitory effect on the growth as well as biofilm forming ability of this strain of S. aureus.  This information would assist in developing novel anti-biofilm therapies to help in the management of biofilm mediated infections thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality rate of staphylococcal infections.
Study on Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Risk Factors among Children in a Community, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ndako James A. , Ojo Stephen K. S. , Fajobi Victor O. , Akinwumi Jeremiah A. , Dojumo Victor T. , Owolabi Akinyomade O. , Ifeanyichukwu Ilochi C. , Nwankiti Obinna O.
Published: July 2021

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a worldwide health issue and a source of major concern around the globe. Infections caused by hepatitis B virus pose a major challenge to public health. This study evaluates the prevalence and transmission rate of Hepatitis B Virus infection among children of primary school age at our study location.

Method: Three hundred and three (303) volunteer subjects were screened.Structured questionnaire were administered to consenting participants to determine demographic and other risk factors for HBV infection.Samples obtained were analysed using a Laboratory-based immunoassay-HBsAg rapid diagnostic test (RDTs) in lateral flow assays formats. Sera samples obtained were stored at -20oc prior use.

Results: Overall result showed that 46 (15.2%) were sero-positive for HBV infection. Considering age factor, Children aged 10 – 12 years showed a higher prevalence of 16(5.3%) [P-value 0.736; (P >0.05)]. Based on gender of subjects screened, a prevalence of 34(11.2%) was recorded among the males subjects compared to females with 12(4.0%) positivity, [(P < 0.05)]. Risk factors on family history recorded 13(4.3%) positivity, considering place of circumcision as risk factors among male subjects; result showed that subjects circumcised using traditional methods   recorded 17 (11.7%) positivity. [P-value 0.856 (P>0.05)].Respondents with history of cuts recorded a prevalence of 29(9.6%) positivity; [P-Value 0.362 (P>0.05)] considering enzyme assay of positive subjects, 13 (4.3%) subjects recorded an elevated Alanine transaminases.

Conclusion: The transmission rate of HBV infection among the family members was found to be high in this study. This upsurge calls for an urgent vaccination of the population by relevant healthcare providers.
Fight against Covid-19: Nigella sativa, a Potential Curative
Authors: Ahsan Zainab , Hamid Fahad Bin , Batool Sakina , Muzaffar Bireera , Zaffar Sehrish , Bilal Rabiea
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 has rampaged across continents and has caused a devastating impact on life, economy, mobility, and health. Vaccines are still under clinical trials however there is no immediate solution or drug at hand for effective treatment. During this time, finding an unorthodox solution has become the need of the hour. Nigella sativa, commonly known as the black seed has been widely used as a traditional medicine in the past to fight illnesses. Chief compounds of N. Sativa seed, especially thymiquinone, α‐hederin, and nigellidine, could be developed into promising herbal drugs to combat COVID‐19 due to their therapeutic benefits. Extensive studies on N. Sativa have demonstrated its wide spectrum pharmacological properties which include immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, bronchodilatory, hepato-protective, reno-protective, gastro-protective, and antioxidant properties that can serve as a potent inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, N. Sativa has also exhibited antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties which would help COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. The objective of this review is aimed at establishing a link between the pharmacological benefits of N. Sativa and its potential to serve as a cure for COVID-19.
Prophecy of Stock Price of Bharat Immunological & Biological Corporation Ltd using Hybrid ANN and PSO Model
Authors: Siddique Mohammed , Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: July 2021

The prediction of the time series has always attracted much interest from investors and researchers to evaluate financial risk. Stock market movements are extremely complex and are influenced by different factors. Hence it is very important to find the most important factors for the stock market. But the high level of noise and complexity of the financial data makes this job very difficult. Many authors have already used artificial neural network for this kind of forecasting tasks, but hybridization model of artificial neural network is considered to be widely used and better performing forecasting model among others. The dormant high noises data mess up the performance, so to enhance the prediction accuracy. We considered a set of seven technical attribute of stock market to perform the hybrid model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. The efficiency of the proposed method is measured by the stock price of Bharat Immunological & Biological Corporation Ltd with 3945 number of daily transactional data. Empirical prediction analysis shows that the proposed model enhances the performance in comparison to simple ANN model.
Characterization and Application of Solitons in a High Nonlinearity Optical Link with Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Ultra-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) Technics
Authors: Fati Aristide Mankiti , Souamy Rostand Davy Martialy Loembe , Bouesse Fraidy Ghislain , Nzonzolo . , Massata André Pasi Bengi , Mabika Camille Nziengui , Chilperic Badila Nkodia
Published: July 2021

The constantly growing needs in terms of speed and bandwidth, especially all services using data has become greedy. Today optical fiber is the medium of choice for many advantages over others channels. although the optical fiber has taken the label of transmission channels, we won’t be able to do without its nonlinear character and dispersions, which are part of the major problems during optical transmission. In this article, we are presenting the use of optical solitons in the fiber optic link, with a particular way; we have considered two kind of links, the underground one and the overhead one, in the first link, we have applied optical soliton in order to just take into account the optical Kerr effect. And for the overhead link, we can transmit for short distance by using the return to zero modulation’s format and the use of optical Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA). The solitons which are the impulses, capable of propagating in the nonlinear optical fiber and dispersive without any distortion; to justify our hypothesis, we compare a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) without soliton and the dense wavelength division multiplexing with solitons; we notice that, the link with soliton is better than the first because the pulse keeps its shape from the source up to the destination, its eye diagram is opened which means there is no much noises. After the simulations in Matlab and optisystem software, we went to Congo telecom, to do our test with the optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR), for both installations. From that study while transmitting over 100km it is better to use optical solitons with the high speed.
A Review on COVID-19 Face Mask Detection using CNN
Authors: Singh Kavita R. , Kamble Shailesh D. , Kalbande Samiksha M. , Fulzele Punit
Published: July 2021

The World Health Organization claims (WHO),Corona Viruses the COVID-19 pandemic is causing a nationwide crisis, wearing a mask on a face in public places is an effective protection measure. The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments all over the world to implement quarantine measures in order to deter virus spread. Reports suggest that the risk of transmission is clearly minimized by wearing face masks when at work. An effective and economic approach to the use of AI in a manufacturing setting to build a secure environment. Using a face mask detection dataset, we will use Open CV to perform real-time face detection from a live stream from our webcam. Using Keras, Python, Tensorflow and Open CV, and, it will build a COVID-19 face mask detector with computer vision. Using computer vision and CNN, I aim to decide whether or not the person in the image or video streaming is wear a mask.
Risk & Hazards of COVID 19 Pandemic on Occupational Professionals
Authors: Bonde Shivani S. , Kulkarni Chaitranya A. , Naqvi Waqar M.
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus outbreak 2019 causes health-care employees an occupational safety concern. Several thousand health-care workers have been contaminated already. There are various reasons where, various occupational individual expose to the various types of the infections in the surrounding. The infections then have chances to spread in the community via these professionals. World Health Organization therefore has developed some of the Ideal precautionary measures to tackle or overcome this kind of the spreading of such infections. Therefore it is a concern to avoid intra-hospital spread of the communicable disease. Based on the Patient Safety Model Systems Technology Framework, approaches and interventions to protect healthcare workers in an emergency tertiary hospital are defined. In the fields of job activities, technology and equipment, environmental causes of job and organizational conditions. Faced with a possible pandemic, the concept of zero workplace infection remains an ambitious target that all health-care programs must aspire for. Various Technology and Equipment are therefore mandatory to provide to health care individuals, such as, Face mask, Hand gloves, face shield, Personal Protection Kit (PPE), hand sanitizers etc. Also awareness talks from the health care professionals are podcasted in different radio channels, news stations are continuously been published, Also the hospital waste management has primary role to dump out the hospital waste at given professional manner.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Its Impact across Industries – Unlocking the True Potential of Digital Healthcare (A Case Study Approach)
Authors: Roy Sourajit , Pathak Pankaj , Nithya S.
Published: July 2021

During the advent of the 21st century, technical breakthroughs and developments took place. Natural Language Processing or NLP is one of their promising disciplines that has been increasingly dynamic via groundbreaking findings on most computer networks. Because of the digital revolution the amounts of data generated by M2M communication across devices and platforms such as Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, Microsoft Cortana, etc. were significantly increased. This causes a great deal of unstructured data to be processed that does not fit in with standard computational models. In addition, the increasing problems of language complexity, data variability and voice ambiguity make implementing models increasingly harder. The current study provides an overview of the potential and breadth of the NLP market and its acceptance in industry-wide, in particular after Covid-19. It also gives a macroscopic picture of progress in natural language processing research, development and implementation.
Pre-Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Post-operative Transtibial Amputation Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Zade Ruchika , Shende Gunjan , Sahu Priyanka , Fating Tejaswini B. , Deshpande Shruti , Phansopkar Pratik , Naqvi Waqar
Published: July 2021

Background: Amputation is that the removal of injury by, undue constriction, surgical condition or surgery of associate degree extremity. Below-knee amputation (BKA) may be a transtibial amputation that involves separating the foot, ankle joint, and distal shinbone and leg bone from associated soft tissue structures. This surgical treatment carries wide morbidity, but, provided adequate indications; it remains a therapeutic tool with very important clinical price and generally life-saving importance. The majority of transtibial amputations is due to peripheral vascular disease or lower limb circulation disease (60 percent -70 percent).The main goal of rehabilitation procedures is to generally increase healthy and impaired limb strength, patient flexibility, cardiovascular ability, and equilibrium. . Health care is burdened by comprehensive recovery and long-term care. Mobility is essential to independence recovery; however, the effect of multiple comorbidities in this patient population will render mobility recovery a particularly difficult task

Clinical Finding: An 65 year old male complains of pain in right foot since 3 month. Swelling was appeared and skin over the black lower leg turned black with foul smelling discharge from foot. He was diagnosed with right lower limb gangrene and referred to Physiotherapy department for prosthetic prescription and rehabilitation after trans tibial amputation.

Diagnosis: Duplex colour Doppler study of left lower limb show triphasic flow in CIA, EIA, IIA, SFA, POP, ATA, PTA arteries of right lower limb, dampened flow noted in right dorsalis pedis artery and atherosclerosis wall thickening in the arteries of right lower limb.

Conclusion: This case report provides patient with inclusive recovery which help to decide on a patient’s suitability for a prosthetic limb prosthetic fitting.
Comparative Antibiogram of Escherichia Coli Isolated from the Urinary Tract Infection in Patients from Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bankar Nandkishor , Chandi Dhruba Hari , Patil Praful , Mahajan Gaurav
Published: July 2021

Introduction: UTI occurs when bacteria that live inside intestine find their way into the urinary tract through the urethra. Women are familiar to be a lot of at risk of UTI than men, with a five hundredth probability of a UTI in their life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find the antibiotic resistance pattern in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection with commonly found antibiotics among different age and sex groups.

Materials and Methods: All positive urine samples for Escherichia coli obtained from patients were included. On the basis of colony morphology and biochemical tests Isolates were identified. The antibiogram profile of the isolates was determined by commonly used antibiotics.

Result: In this studied, total 250 patients with UTI of both sexes were included and divided into age group. Samples processed only 250 samples with the growth of E. coli were included in this studied. The isolated E.coli showed more resistant to some degree to all the antibiotics tested.  The greatest resistance was shown against Amoxycillin (15.2% isolated were sensitive) and the least resistance was shown against Imipenem (96.4% isolated were sensitive).

Conclusion: The pattern of antibiotic resistance varies from place to place, region to region, and country to country. Antimicrobial resistance should be monitored on a regular basis in both the community and hospital settings.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of Adults and Elderly Outpatients Regarding Pneumococcal Vaccination at Taif Hospital Cluster
Authors: Alrahbeni Tahani , Alamri Mohamed Salman
Published: July 2021

The whole world is invaded by many micro organisms which are not only killing people but also ruining the quality of life of the people worldwide. Vaccination against major micro-organism is the only way out to protect the people. Pneumonia and influenza are two leading causes of death especially the elderly within the globe.

Objective of the Study: It was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of adults and elderly outpatients regarding pneumococcal vaccination at the Taif hospital cluster and to understand the factors that may influence pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly and younger adults.

Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional questionnaire study where Self-administered Monkey surveys was administered to a cohort of elderly and younger adult participants. The study was conducted for 4 months. Age group of the participants were within 20 - >80 years and included both Saudi and Non Saudi individual. The collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis to obtain the frequencies of the different variables and the correlation between them using cross tabs, paired-sample T-test, and Pearson’s Chi-square. p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Overall 301 people participated in the study (response rate 91%). A total of 32.56% responded that they had received the pneumococcal vaccine. From the respondents above 12.45% were between 20-40 years old, 10.72% between 41-60 years old, and 8.65% between 61-70 years and 2.07% between 71 to > 80 years of age, indicating lower rates of vaccination among the elderly. Vaccination depends on the patient's health conditions. Despite the positive knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of the participants about the importance of the vaccine, yet they did not respond well to take the vaccine as recommended by the international health authorities.

Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that gender has no statistically significant association with vaccination. More is the education more is the adherence to vaccination. Saudi nationals adhered more to vaccination as compared to non Saudi. The results from our study showed that healthcare guidance and recommendation significantly influenced vaccine uptake in both the elderly and younger adults.
Root Cause Analysis of Medication Administration Error by Nursing Staff at a Number of Medical Institutes in Riyadh
Authors: Alrahbeni Tahani , Alenezi Muteeb Eid
Published: July 2021

Background: Medication errors genuinely influence patient safety, staying cost in hospital and integrity of nursing job, because the nurses play a specific part in managing the medication for the patients. The present study was done with the aim to investigate factors associated with nurses’ medication errors in a number of medical institutes (Ministry of Health) and the role of clinical pharmacist in these errors.

Methodology: The present study was a cross-sectional study based on standardized questionnaire which was designed and distributed to the target nurses in a number of medical institutes (Ministry of Health). The target number was (171) which was achieved depending on the calculation of sample size after the questionnaires was gathered; data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The highest mean score of error was obtained in the factor related to medication packaging reason, which includes that different medications look alike, and the names of at least 60 medications were similar by 82.7%.  The second group of reasons was system associated, which included: abbreviations were used instead of writing the orders out completely, overall 60.5% of the times nurses were pulled between teams. Third reason, overall 45.3% of the times the errors were associated with pharmacy when they did not prepare\label the medication correctly, and clinical pharmacist did not give education workshops to the nurses. Documentation issues were the fourth reason, 39.5% of the times nurses were interrupted while administering medication to perform other duties and nurses on the same unit did not adhere to the approved medication administration procedure.

Conclusion: The data of the current study suggested the ranking of five reasons or root causes of why medication errors happened. These are medication package, system related, pharmacy related, documentation-transcription reason and physician-nurse related respectively. Furthermore, clinical pharmacists must thrive to improve the nurses' knowledge of how these factors will lead to critical errors and help them discover strategies to prevent these errors from happening.