bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level change
Authors: van den Broeke Michiel , Enderlin Ellyn , Howat Ian , Kuipers Munneke Peter , Noël Brice , van de Berg Willem Jan , van Meijgaard Erik , Wouters Bert
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We assess the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) to sea level change. We use the mass budget method, which quantifies ice sheet mass balance (MB) as the difference between surface mass balance (SMB) and solid ice discharge across the grounding line (D). A comparison with independent gravity change observations from GRACE shows good agreement for the overlapping period 2002–2015, giving confidence in the partitioning of recent GrIS mass changes. The estimated 1995 value of D and the 1958–1995 average value of SMB are similar at 411 and 418 Gt yr-1, respectively, suggesting that ice flow in the mid-nineties was well adjusted to the average annual mass input, reminiscent of an ice sheet in approximate balance. Starting in the early to mid-1990's, SMB decreased while D increased, leading to quasi-persistent negative MB. About 60 % of the associated mass loss since 1991 is caused by changes in SMB and the remainder by D. The decrease in SMB is fully driven by an increase in surface melt and subsequent meltwater runoff, which is slightly compensated by a small (< 3 %) increase in snowfall. The excess runoff originates from low-lying (< 2000 m a.s.l.) parts of the ice sheet; higher up, increased refreezing prevents runoff of meltwater to occur, at the expense of increased firn temperatures and depleted pore space. With a 1991–2015 average annual mass loss of ~ 0.47 ± 0.23 mm sea level equivalent (SLE) and a peak contribution of 1.2 mm SLE in 2012, the GrIS has recently become a major source of global mean sea level rise.
El valor narrativo de la comunicación en la danza contemporánea: "habitus", musicalidad y emoción
Authors: Muntanyola Dafne , Belli Simone
Published: May 2016

La riqueza de la danza viene de la necesidad de trabajar con cuerpos. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín pertenece a un contexto plural, cruzado por tradiciones artísticas y sociales que posiciona el artista en un campo determinado. Partimos de la premisa de que el conflicto de roles es un componente esencial de la estructura de la creación artística colectiva. Analizamos los discursos de los miembros de una compañía de danza inglesa, parte del proyecto etnográfico ‘Dance and Cognition’, dirigido por David Kirsh de la Universidad de California, junto con la WayneMcGregor-Random Dance Company. Aplicamos un Análisis Crítico del Discurso a un corpus de entrevistas enfocadas en las emociones, la música y la danza. Demostramos cómo la creatividad en danza se puede observar empíricamente, como un producto social distribuido y corpóreo, articulado por el habitus de la danza.
Entretejimientos y urdimbres. Transiciones políticas de un concepto desgarrado donde la razón se bifurca
Authors: Guzmán Adriana
Published: May 2016

Reseña: DÍAZ CRUZ, Rodrigo, 2014. Los lugares de lo político, los desplazamientos del símbolo. Poder y simbolismo en la obra de Victor W. Turner, Gedisa/UAM, México.
Innhold
Authors: - -
Published: May 2016

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A longitudinal study of physical activity and menstrual cycle characteristics in healthy Norwegian women – The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Sigridur Lara , Flanders William Dana , Augestad Liv Berit
Published: May 2016

Background: Long menstrual cycles have been associated with anovulation, infertility and spontaneous abortion. Elite athletes have been found at risk of menstrual dysfunction. We evaluated the longitudinal association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and menstrual function in healthy non-athletic women.Methods: A population-based health survey (HUNT 1) was conducted during 1984-1986 in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway, with follow-up in 1995-1997 (HUNT 2). The current study included 3,097 women, <45 years old in HUNT 2. LTPA was assessed by questionnaire in HUNT 1, and menstrual function by questionnaire in HUNT 2. Data focused on overall occurrence of menstrual disorders in the population. Results were adjustedfor age, education, psychological health, smoking and alcohol intake. Additional analyses included BMI as a potential confounder.Results: The median cycle length was 30 days and median number of days bleeding was 5. In women with normal cycle length, mean (SD) cycle length and duration of bleeding was 29.3 (2.8) and 5.6 (1.7) respectively. Cycle length increased with higher frequency of LTPA for women >25 years old. Women, 20-25 years old at baseline who were active most days had increased odds of short cycles, more bleeding days and increased odds of having irregular cycles, OR=4.7; 95% CI = 1.2-18.0). Number of bleeding days decreased with longer duration (p<0.05) and higher intensity (p=0.065) in young women. Adjustment for BMI did not affect the results.Conclusion: Leisure time physical activity may affect menstrual function, although in our study, the results were modified by age
The current status of community drug testing via the analysis of drugs and drug metabolites in sewage
Authors: Reid Malcolm J. , Harman Christopher , Grung Merete , Thomas Kevin V.
Published: May 2016

Over the past few years the analysis of drug residues in sewage has been promoted as a means of estimating the level of drug use in communities. Measured drug residue concentrations in the sewage are used to determine the load (total mass) of the drug being used by the entire community. Knowledge of the size or population of the community then allows for the calculation of drug-use relative to population (typically drug-mass/day/1000 inhabitants) which facilitates comparisons between differing communities or populations. Studies have been performed in many European countries, including Norway, as well as in the US and Australia. The approach has successfully estimated the use of cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cannabis, nicotine and alcohol. The analysis of biomarkers of drug use in sewage has great potential to support and complement existing techniques for estimating levels of drug use, and as such has been identified as a promising development by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA; www.emcdda.europa.eu/wastewater-analysis). The approach is not without its challenges, and ongoing collaboration across Europe aims at agreeing upon best-practice and harmonising the methods being used. In Norway development is being performed through the NFR RUSMIDDEL funded DrugMon (www.niva.no/drugmon) project that has led to the development of many new techniques, significantly improved our understanding of the uncertainties associated with the approach and allowed the coordination of Europe wide collaboration which has included all important intercalibration exercises. Application of the technique can provide evidence-based and real-time estimates of collective drug use with the resulting data used to improve the much needed estimates of drug use and dependency.
The basic pharmacoepidemiology of benzodiazepine use in Norway 2004-9
Authors: Bramness Jørgen G. , Sexton Joe A.
Published: May 2016

Objectives: Benzodiazepines are effective and safe drugs for treatment of insomnia, anxiety, epilepsy and muscle spasm, but there is also a potential for harmful use, abuse and addiction. Even though these drugs are used extensively, have been on the market for 50 years, and quite a few reports have been published on risk factors and patterns of use, the basic epidemiological parameters of use, such as incidence, prevalence, mean volume used and duration of use have not been documented in Norway. The aim of this study was to describe these basic pharmacoepidemiological parameters of benzodiazepine use.Methods: Data were drawn from the Norwegian prescription database with an observation period of 5 years and 10 months between January 2004 and October 2009.Results: Around 61 per 1000 Norwegians filled at least one prescription each year in the observation period. The annual incidence rate of new users was 15 per 1000 in 2007, falling to 12 per 1000 in 2009. Of the users of benzodiazepines 65% were female, and they used a lower mean volume than men did. The mean volume used was often very low and for the most part was quite stable. The average length of use was estimated to bebetween 9 and 15 years. In addition to fewer incident users, the mean volume used also seemed to be declining.Conclusion: Most benzodiazepine use in Norway lasted a short period or at a very low level. Some individuals, however, carried on using benzodiazepines for years
Managing incidental findings in population based biobank research
Authors: Solberg Berge , Steinsbekk Kristin Solum
Published: May 2016

With the introduction of whole genome sequencing in medical research, the debate on how to handle incidental findings is becoming omnipresent. Much of the literature on the topic so far, seems to defend the researcher’s duty to inform, the participant’s right to know combined with a thorough informed consent in order to protect and secure high ethical standards in research. In this paper, we argue that this ethical response to incidental findings and whole genome sequencing is appropriate in a clinical context, in what we call therapeutic research. However, we further argue, that it is rather inappropriate in basic research, like the research going on in public health oriented population based biobanks. Our argument is based on two premises: First, in population based biobank research the duties and rights involved are radically different from a clinical based setting. Second, to introduce the ethical framework from the clinical setting into population based basic research, is not only wrong, but it may lead to unethical consequences. A Norwegian population based biobank and the research-ethical debate in Norway on the regulation of whole genome sequencing is used as an illustrative case to demonstrate the pitfalls when approaching the debate on incidental findings in population based biobank research.
Successfully aging elderly (SAE): A short overview of some important aspects of successful aging
Authors: Stordal Eystein , Bosnes Ingunn , Romuld Elisabeth Bratland , Almkvist Ove
Published: May 2016

Whether one falls into the category of successfully aging elderly (SAE) is generally determined by biological, medical, psychological, and cognitive factors. SAE, pathological aging and usual aging, are the three subgroups presented in the seminal science paper by Rowe & Kahn in 1987. SAE is currently vaguely defined as being free of disease, having preserved cognitive function and an active life, but a more detailed definition is lacking. As a result, the research on SAE is heterogeneous and hard to summarize. Nevertheless, it is clear that genetics, health, basic aging mechanisms, brain changes, cognition early in life, education level, lifestyle factors, subjective factors, the availability of societal health care, environmental factors, and any interaction between all these variables, are important. There are also methodological difficulties associated with studies of causal relationships across the lifespan. Obtaining a detailed understanding of SAE research will be a challenging task for future researchers
The prevalence and the course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia
Authors: Bergh Sverre , Selbæk Geir
Published: May 2016

Dementia is prevalent in Norway and other countries and is hallmarked by a decline in memory and other cognitive abilities. In addition to cognitive decline, the vast majority of patients with dementia experience neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression, agitation, psychosis, apathy, or irritability. In this review, we describe the prevalence and the course of NPS in patients with dementia, referring to results of population-based studies, studies of outpatients, and studies of patients in long-term care. For a better comparison of the included studies and for clarification, we have included studies that have assessed NPS with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Overall, we found a high prevalence rate of NPS. At least one NPS (NPI > 0) was present in 56% to 98% of the patients and 62% to 84% of the patients had at least one clinically significant NPS (NPI > 3). The NPS with the highest prevalence rate were apathy, irritability, agitation, depression and anxiety; while delusion, hallucination, disinhibition, aberrant motor behavior and euphoria were the least frequent NPS.
Systematiske oversikter og epidemiologisk forskning
Authors: Norderhaug Inger Natvig
Published: May 2016

En god helsetjeneste forutsetter god kunnskap som grunnlag for de valg som gjøres. Systematiske oversikter som sammenfatter tilgjengelig forskningsbasert kunnskap er en viktig del av beslutningsgrunnlaget, enten det er snakk om effektene av tiltak, hvorfor sykdom oppstår, diagnostikk, prognose, eller hvordan sykdom oppleves for dem som rammes.Systematiske oversikter er blitt en vel anerkjent kilde for kunnskap om effekt av helsetiltak, med bred internasjonal enighet om metodene som bør benyttes ved utvikling av slike oversikter. Når det gjelder systematiske oversikter for å sammenfatte resultater fra epidemiologisk forskning på årsaksspørsmål er erfaringene langt mindre.Samtidig som systematiske oversikter over epidemiologiske studier i større grad bør inngå i beslutningsprosesser, er det et betydelig behov for metodeutvikling. Dette gjelder særlig kriterier for vurdering av kvalitet på epidemiologiske studier, metoder for sammenfatning av resultater i metaanalyser og kriterier for å gradere tillit til de endelige estimatene. Publikasjonsskjevheter er en utfordring for all forskning, og det er behov for initiativ for å sikre bedre rapportering av funn fra epidemiologiske studier, blant annet publisering av studieprotokoller.Norderhaug IN. Systematic reviews of epidemiological research. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 125-130.ENGLISH SUMMARYIn health care, good knowledge is key to sound decision making. Good management of knowledge can be achieved through systematic reviews for various questions including the effects of health care interventions, causes of disease, how to best diagnose diseases, prognosis, as well as people’s experiences from living with disease.Systematic reviews are well recognized and valued resources to inform decisions regarding health care interventions. Furthermore there is broad international consensus on methods for conducting systematic reviews on the effects of health care interventions. Although the need for systematic reviews is recognized also for epidemiological questions, such as the causes of disease, the level of experience in this area is far less than for systematic reviews on the effects of interventions.Thus, alongside the need for better integration of systematic reviews in epidemiology into health care decision making processes, methodological developments are needed, particularly on how to assess the quality of epidemiological studies, methods for combining the results in meta-analyses, and criteria for grading our confidence in the final estimates.Publication bias is a problem in all research, and initiatives are needed to improve planning and reporting of epidemiological studies, such as publication of study protocols.
Campbell Collaboration og arbeidet for å fremme kunnskapsbasert sosialpolitikk
Authors: Noonan Eamonn
Published: May 2016

Artikkelen presenterer The Campbell Collaboration og skisserer organisasjonens aktiviteter siden 2008, da organisasjonens sekretariat ble flyttet til Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten i Oslo. Hovedfokuset for The Campbell Collaboration er produksjon av systematiske oversikter som del av en bredere innsats for å fremme kunnskapsbasert sosialpolitikk. Artikkelen omtaler trender i nyere oversikter og eksempler på tema og inklusjonskriterier for primærstudier. Artikkelen konkluderer med at en utvikling i retning av kunnskapsbasert praksis både er viktig og mulig, men at dette er avhengig av at det skapes større plass i Norge og internasjonalt for kvantitativ forskning, for systematiske forskningssynteser, og for møteplasser mellom praksis og forskning.Noonan E. The Campbell Collaboration – contributing to evidence informed social policies. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 177-180.ENGLISH SUMMARY This article presents the Campbell Collaboration and outlines the body’s activities since 2008, when its secretariat was relocated to the Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services in Oslo. The main focus of the the Campbell Collaboration is the production of systematic reviews, as part of a broader engagement for the promotion of evidence-based social policy. The article considers trends in recent reviews on matters such as choice of subject and inclusion criteria for primary studies. The concluding section suggests that the development of evidence-based practice is both important and possible. However, progress depends on creating more space both in Norway and internationally for quantitative research, for systematic research synthesis, and for enhanced dialogue between researchers and practitioners
Den norske EPOC-satellitten: støtte til kunnskapsbaserte beslutninger
Authors: Munabi-Babigumira Susan , Johansen Marit , Paulsen Elizabeth
Published: May 2016

Systematiske oversikter fra det internasjonale Cochrane-samarbeidet er en viktig kilde til oppsummert kunnskap for beslutningstakere i helsevesenet. Den norske satellitten av Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Review Group har base i Seksjon for global helse, Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten, og fokuserer på tiltak som retter seg mot helsesystemer og helsetjenesten i lav- og mellominntektsland. Den norske EPOC-satellitten gir redaksjonell støtte til forfattere som skriver Cochraneoversikter om effekter av slike tiltak, og bidrar dermed til at systematiske oversikter blir utarbeidet og brukt. Behovet for oppsummert kunnskap, skreddersydd for ulike sammenhenger og ulike sluttbrukere, er stort. Ikke minst gjelder det i lav- og mellominntektsland der ressursene er begrenset, og der gode prioriteringer er spesielt viktig.Munabi-Babigumira S, Johansen M, Paulsen E. The Norwegian EPOC-satellite: Support for evidenceinformed decisions. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 211-214.ENGLISH SUMMARYSystematic reviews from the Cochrane Collaboration are an important source of summarised evidence for decision makers in health care. The Norwegian satellite of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Review Group has its base at the Global Health Unit in the Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, and focuses on interventions targeting health systems and services in lowand middle-income countries. The Norwegian EPOC-satellite provides editorial support to authors who write systematic reviews on the effects of such interventions, and contributes to building the capacity for producing and using systematic reviews. The need for summarised evidence, tailored for various settings and various end users, is large. This is particularly important for low- and middle income countries, where resources are limited and it is important to identify the right priorities.
Innhold
Authors: - -
Published: May 2016

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Choosing a model for recruiting 100,000 pregnant women to the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Authors: Haug Kjell , Schreuder Patricia
Published: May 2016

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The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) – its birth and early development
Authors: Nordhagen Rannveig , Lie Kari Kveim
Published: May 2016

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KIR and HLA-C: Immunogenetic regulation of human birth weight
Authors: Farrell Lydia E. , Hiby Susan E. , Apps Richard , Chazara Olympe , Trogstad Lill , Gjessing Håkon K. , Magnus Per , Carrington Mary , Moffett Ashley
Published: May 2016

Pregnancies resulting in very small or very large babies are at higher risk of obstetric complications with increased morbidity for both mother and baby. Using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway we have shown how human birth weight is still subject to stabilizing selection. Particular combinations of maternal/fetal immune genes have been implicated in pregnancies resulting in a low birth weight baby (<5th birth weight centile). More specifically, an inhibitory maternal KIRAA genotype with a paternally derived fetal HLA-C2 ligand. At the other end of the birth weight spectrum the presence of an activating maternal KIR2DS1 gene is associated with increased birth weight in linear or logistic regression analyses of all pregnancies >5th centile (p=0.005, OR=2.65). Thus, inhibitory maternal KIR combined with fetal HLA-C2 is more frequently associated with low birth weight, whereas activating maternal KIR with fetal HLA-C2 ligand is associated with increasing birth weight. Our findings using the MoBa cohort have replicated the association of KIR and HLA-C seen in poor placentation, and confirm the importance of maternal/fetal immune gene interactions in determining the outcome of pregnancy.
Dietary changes during first trimester pregnancy for women with nausea and vomiting in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Chortatos Arthur , Haugen Margaretha , Iversen Per Ole , Veierød Marit B.
Published: May 2016

Objective: Examine responses given to questions addressing whether pregnancy had caused women with nausea and vomiting (NVP) or symptom-free (SF) to alter their food habits in the first trimester in order to better understand the dietary changes taking place in women with NVP.Method: Using questions featured in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) specifically asking participants about alterations in diet and episodes of nausea and vomiting. The final sample used included 30,072 women.Results: We found 46% with no symptoms of nausea and/or vomiting in pregnancy, whilst 54% reported both nausea and vomiting. The NVP group of women were the group most affected with changes in food consumption, having the lowest proportion reporting to eat as before pregnancy, as well as the highest proportion reporting ‘eating more’ and ‘reduced eating’. The SF group reported eating more than NVP group in one instance, that being for chocolate (SF 17.7% vs NVP 16.3%).Conclusion: We have shown a higher degree of dietary change in women with NVP compared to SF women. We also found chocolate as the only exception, with a higher proportion of SF women eating more of this food item.
Self-reported data on medicine use in the Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study compared to data from the Norwegian Prescription Database
Authors: Skurtveit Svetlana , Selmer Randi , Odsbu Ingvild , Handal Marte
Published: May 2016

Aims: To study information on prescribed drug use (opioids, antidepressants and benzodiazepines (BZD)) recorded in the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) and to compare this information with selfreported drug use among pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 28 479 women who participated in MoBa and who answered all questionnaires in pregnancy and whose pregnancy started after 1 March 2004. Data on dispensed drugs in NorPD were extracted for three different time windows: a) the pregnancy period, b) 30 days prior to pregnancy in addition to pregnancy, c) 60 days prior to pregnancy in addition to pregnancy. Data on self- reported drug use in MoBa were used as the reference standard in the validity analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results: Sensitivity of drug use as recorded in NorPD for the pregnancy period was highest for antidepressants (66.9%) and BZD-antiepileptics (100%) and lowest for BZD-anxiolytics (44.8%) and BZDhypnotics (27.8%). Expansion of the time windows for dispensed drugs in the NorPD to include intervals 30 and 60 days before pregnancy led to higher sensitivity, but lower specificity of all classes of drugs. For opioids, sensitivity increased from 48.8% to 53.6%, while specificity decreased from 98.7 to 97.6%. For antidepressants and BZD-anxiolytics, specificity decreased for both from 99.7 to 99.4%.Conclusion: Using self-reported data as reference standard, the prescription data provides valid information on current exposures to BZD-antiepileptics and antidepressants in pregnant women if time windows are selected with adequate consideration depending on the investigated problem. However, validity is lower for other benzodiazepines and opioids.
Medical statistics and epidemiology – the early history
Authors: Schiøtz Aina
Published: May 2016

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The roots of Norwegian epidemiology – Norwegian epidemiology in the 19th century
Authors: Irgens Lorentz M.
Published: May 2016

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The Reality of Talent Management Implementation: A Case Study on Royal Jordanian Airlines
Authors: Khdour Naser
Published: May 2016

This study focused on investigating and analysing the influential factors that led to the introduction and implementation of talent management at Royal Jordanian airlines. Using a case study method, the qualitative study aimed to obtain an understanding of how 10 managers, human resource managers, senior executives, managers and a general manager, viewed the introduction and implementation of talent management in the company, using semi-structured interviews. Information was also obtained on their perceptions of talent management, using an interpretive paradigm. Findings showed that the managers perceived the concept of talent management in different ways, about what it was used to achieve in an organisation and it was ambiguous in both its introduction and implementation. Recommendations were set out for the company, the company could; improve its employee incentives to develop their talent; provide a career development structure for all employees; treat all employees as able to develop their abilities the best they can and talent management should be used with existing employees, not from talent pools outside the company.
The Relationship among Service Quality, Relationship Quality, and Customer Loyalty for Chain Restaurant Industry
Authors: Chen Jui-Lung
Published: May 2016

In an environment featuring fierce competition and consumers’ ever higher requirements on service quality, the enterprises in the catering industry are facing unprecedented pressure in their survival. This study aims to explore the relevance among service quality, relationship quality and customer loyalty. With the customers of the Taiwanese chain stores in the catering industry as the research subjects, it collects data through questionnaire and analyzes the data with the descriptive statistics, the reliability and validity analysis, and the multiple regression analysis. The research results show that the “tangibles”, “responsiveness” and “assurance” of service quality have effects on relationship quality. Moreover, the “assurance” of service quality and the “trust” and “commitment” have effects on customer loyalty. According to the research results, this study offers some reference to relevant enterprises and provides a direction for future studies.
Unidirectional Flushing Headlines Water Quality Programs
Authors: Duncan Charles , Estrada Brenda
Published: May 2016

Unidirectional flushing scours pipes to remove sediment, scale, and biofilm and moves high‐velocity water through pipes in a single direction to improve hydraulic and water quality conditions.
Espèces d’espaces : comment peut-il se dire quelque chose entre nous, chercheurs et politiques ?
Authors: Grossmann Sophie , Roiné Christophe
Published: May 2016

Cet article a pour objet l’émergence d’un espace mouvant de dialogue et de négociation entre des instances politiques (commanditaires) et une équipe de chercheurs tout au long d’un processus de recherche. Dans cet écrit, nous insistons plus particulièrement sur la phase de problématisation et les modifications des choix méthodologiquesprinceps, en les référant à cet espace dialogique d’interlocution. Le récit de la recherche commanditée est étudié comme une histoire de «relations» au centre de laquelle la production de savoir est en jeu (mais aussi enjeu). Les sciences de l’éducation sont susceptibles d’apporter un éclairage spécifique dans cette histoire de production de savoir entre politique et recherche dans la mesure où se développent des processus de production et de diffusion des savoirs, un «faire savoir» que nous interrogerons (transfert, mobilisation, traduction des connaissances et des savoirs).
La sélection des idées prometteuses dans le discours collectif d’élèves du primaire
Authors: Boutin Pier-Ann , Hamel Christine , Laferrière Thérèse
Published: May 2016

Cette étude traite principalement des usages d’un outil permettant la sélection d’idées prometteuses (IPROM) dans le discours collectif par des élèves du 2e cycle et 3e cycle du primaire lors de deux projets vécus en collaboration en réseau. Ces projets portaient sur la rédaction d’un texte informatif en français sur le thème du Moyen Âge et la conception d’une balle en science et technologie. Les élèves ont décrit leur usage de l’outil IPROM pour la sélection des idées prometteuses comme étant surtout au bénéfice de l’individuel, mais ils ont aussi mentionné que cet outil les aidait dans l’élaboration d’un discours collectif. De plus, les façons de contribuer au discours sélectionnées comme étant des idées prometteuses sont majoritairement énoncées comme des théories, des idées des élèves à approfondir. L’utilisation de l’outil IPROM en classe permettrait donc aux élèves du primaire d’entrer dans un processus de coélaboration de connaissances.
Dancing with Ideology: Grammatical Metaphor and Identity Presentation in Translation
Authors: Zhu Chunshen , Zhang Junfeng
Published: May 2016

This paper begins with an account of a high-profile political speech event centring on a Chinese slangy expression ‘[we] bu zheteng’ when it was used by the then Chinese President Hu Jintao in a 2008 speech, of which the Chinese government preferred a zero-translation despite the existing translations and various choices already available in Chinese-English dictionaries. The paper then discusses from the perspective of grammatical metaphor how and why an innocent-looking pragmatic usage has given rise to a series of ideologically charged debates over its translation. To that end, the paper conducts a critical review of grammatical metaphor, a key Systemic Functional Linguistic concept in describing congruence-to-metaphor evolution of language. Our cross lingual observation of this translation-related speech event enables us to argue that different textual means of presentation/concealment of human participation in transitivity are key to accounting for the discursive function of grammatical metaphors and to discerning the “chain” between congruent and metaphorical expressions. In the light of concealment of human participation in the transitivity process, the paper also observes that it is the association between the vague self-referencing ‘we’ and the adverse actions/situations, that is, (causing) commotions, alluded to by the term zheteng that has made a semantically explicit translation ideologically less desirable. As such, this operation of zero translation appears to be an instance of discursive manoeuvre rather than a sign of semantic impasse. To substantiate its theoretical claim, the paper relates the case to some similar political speech events in the world’s political arena and demonstrates how, prompted by this functional awareness of grammatical metaphors, one may devise a translation with better informed sensitivity to identity presentation/concealment in discourse.
L’organisation au service des droits des travailleurs migrants : le militantisme transnational à Singapour et en Malaisie
Authors: Lyons Lenore
Published: May 2016

La mondialisation marque un point charnière dans l’action des militants féministes et des organisations non gouvernementales. À la faveur d’une participation à des réseaux de lobbying transnationaux et d’alliances avec des organisations non gouvernementales internationales, des organisations féministes et des organisations vouées à la défense des droits des femmes, locales et nationales, se sont converties à de nouvelles formes de militantisme transnational. Cependant, il est une question qui n’a que très peu retenu l’attention des chercheurs dans le domaine de l’organisation féministe transnationale : c’est celle du lien entre le militantisme transnational et les théories qui sous-tendent les féminismes transnationaux. Bien que ceux-ci formulent une critique radicale de la mondialisation, à la fois antiraciste et anticapitaliste, peu de chercheurs se sont penchés sur la façon dont les féminismes transnationaux se transposent en pratiques militantes. En étudiant deux cas d’organisations vouées à la défense des droits des travailleuses migrantes, à Singapour et en Malaisie, le présent article examine les multiples sens du terme « militantisme féministe transnational ». En faisant la distinction entre le concept d’organisation transnationale d’une part, et celui de cadre de référence transnational de l’autre, le présent article vise à clarifier les différents concepts associés aux féminismes transnationaux.
La cyberintimidation chez les jeunes : mieux comprendre pour mieux intervenir à l’école
Authors: Quintin Jacques , Jasmin Emmanuelle , Théodoropoulou Elena
Published: May 2016

Les nouveaux médias sociaux posent la question de l’identité et soulèvent de nouveaux enjeux éthiques. L’enjeu du bien-être des jeunes commande de penser autrement ces médias sociaux numériques en introduisant la réflexion éthique. À l’aide d’une recension des écrits, nos objectifs consistent à comprendre mieux la cyberintimidation en vue de proposer des stratégies éducatives. Le phénomène de la cyberintimidation est similaire à celui de l’intimidation. En revanche, les aspects public et anonyme associés à la cyberintimidation pourraient être vécus plus difficilement par les jeunes. De futures recherches devraient explorer davantage la dimension du sens que revêt la cyberintimidation pour les jeunes.
Particle recognition in microfluidic applications using a template matching algorithm
Authors: Girault Mathias , Odaka Masao , Kim Hyonchol , Matsuura Kenji , Terazono Hideyuki , Yasuda Kenji
Published: May 2016

We herein examined the ability of a template matching algorithm to recognize particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 20 µm in a microfluidic channel. The algorithm consisted of measurements of the distance between the templates and the images captured with a high-speed camera in order to search for the presence of the desired particle. The results obtained indicated that the effects of blur and diffraction rings observed around the particle are important phenomena that limit the recognition of a target. Owing to the effects of diffraction rings, the distance between a template and an image is not exclusively linked to the position of the focus plane; it is also linked to the size of the particle being searched for. By using a set of three templates captured at different Z focuses and an 800× magnification, the template matching algorithm has the ability to recognize beads ranging in diameter from 1.7 to 20 µm with a resolution between 0.3 and 1 µm.
In situ ellipsometry of Cu surfaces immersed in benzotriazole–hydrogen peroxide solutions
Authors: Kondoh Eiichi , Kawakami Tatsuya , Watanabe Mitsuhiro , Jin Lianhua , Hamada Satomi , Shima Shohei , Hiyama Hirokuni
Published: May 2016

In the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of Cu, the Cu surface is oxidized and is concurrently removed by the mechanical function of an abrasive. Surface oxidation can lead to severe surface corrosion, and to prevent this, a corrosion inhibitor is added to slurries. Accurate understanding of the competition between oxidation and passivation is essential for advanced Cu CMP technologies. In this work, layer formation on clean Cu surfaces in benzotriazole (BTA), H2O2, and BTA–H2O2 aqueous solutions was studied by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Time changes of ellipsometric parameters are discussed with respect to BTA and H2O2 concentrations. It was found that the BTA adsorbs onto the Cu surface and the adsorbed BTA transforms into a Cu–BTA complex in about 3 min after the onset of adsorption. The BTA/complex layer passivates the Cu surface against oxidation by H2O2.
Improved battery performance using Pd nanoparticles synthesized on the surface of LiFePO4/C by ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Saliman Muhammad Ali , Okawa Hirokazu , Takai Misaki , Ono Yuki , Kato Takahiro , Sugawara Katsuyasu , Sato Mineo
Published: May 2016

LiFePO4 has been attracting interest as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries due to its high energy density, low cost, and eco-friendliness. The electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 is limited because it exhibits low Li-ion diffusivity and low electronic conductivity. Numerous solutions have been considered, such as carbon coating, which is widely known to improve the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4. The deposition of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of carbon-coated LiFePO4 further enhances the electronic conductivity. In this study, we deposited Pd NPs onto the surface of LiFePO4/C and investigated the resulting electrochemical performance. Sonochemical synthesis was used to prepare the metal NPs; the procedure did not require any surfactants and the reaction was rapid.
Identification of lung‐specific genes by meta‐analysis of multiple tissue RNA‐seq data
Authors: Xiong Min , Heruth Daniel P. , Zhang Li Qin , Ye Shui Qing
Published: May 2016

Lung‐specific genes play critically important roles in lung development, lung physiology, and pathogenesis of lung‐associated diseases. We performed a meta‐analysis of multiple tissue RNA‐seq data to identify lung‐specific genes in order to better investigate their lung‐specific functions and pathological roles. We identified 83 lung‐specific genes consisting of 62 protein‐coding genes, five pseudogenes and 16 noncoding RNA genes. About 49.4% of lung‐specific genes were implicated in the pathogenesis of lung diseases and 21.7% were involved with lung development. The identification of genes with enriched expression in the lung will facilitate the elucidation of lung‐specific functions and their roles in disease pathogenesis.
Macroscopic and Mechanically Robust Hollow Carbon Spheres with Superior Oil Adsorption and Light‐to‐Heat Evaporation Properties
Authors: Zhou Jianguo , Sun Zhenlong , Chen Mingqi , Wang Jitong , Qiao Wenming , Long Donghui , Ling Licheng
Published: May 2016

Hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) represent a special class of functional materials, to which intense interest has been paid in the fields of materials science and chemistry. A major problem with these materials is the lack of sufficient particle engineering and mechanical strength for practical applications and the difficulty of up‐scaling. Herein, we report a general, template‐free, phase‐separation approach, in which the liquid–liquid phase‐inversion process and a gas‐foaming process are coupled for the first time, for fast and continuous processing of uniform HCSs. The obtained HCSs have particle sizes on the millimeter scale, and a hierarchical structure with an interpenetrating, open‐porous, carbon shell and huge external voids, therefore permitting rapid transport of molecules into, throughout, and out of the hollow structure. By evenly dispersing the CNTs in the precursor solution, CNT‐reinforced HCSs can be achieved with significantly enhanced mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and electronic and thermal properties. The resulting CNT‐reinforced HCSs offer a viable route to remove the engine oil from water in a fixed‐bed system. Moreover, these floatable HCSs can receive and convert sunlight to heat at the water–air interface, resulting in a great enhancement in solar evaporation rate compared to conventional bulk heating schemes.
Synthesis of 2H‐Indazoles via Tandem Palladium‐Catalyzed Deacylative Cross‐Coupling and Denitrogenative Cyclization of 2‐Iodoazoarenes and 2‐Iodoaryltriazenes with Acyldiazoacetates in One‐Pot
Authors: Yong Woo‐Soon , Park Sangjune , Yun Hyunsik , Lee Phil Ho
Published: May 2016

A synthetic method to prepare a wide range of 2H‐indazoles was developed via a tandem palladium‐catalyzed deacylative cross‐coupling reaction of 2‐iodoazoarenes and 2‐iodoaryltriazenes with acyldiazoacetates and denitrogenative cyclization reaction of in situ generated diazoacetates having azoaryl and triazenylaryl moieties in one‐pot. Additionally, azoaryl‐substituted diazoacetates underwent palladium‐catalyzed denitrogenative cyclization to produce 2H‐indazoles. The present reaction is a good example in which a Pd(0)‐catalyst is involved in two catalytic cycles in one‐pot.

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Gas‐Phase Synthesis of 1‐Silacyclopenta‐2,4‐diene
Authors: Yang Tao , Dangi Beni B. , Thomas Aaron M. , Sun Bing‐Jian , Chou Tzu‐Jung , Chang Agnes H. H. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: May 2016

Silole (1‐silacyclopenta‐2,4‐diene) was synthesized for the first time by the bimolecular reaction of the simplest silicon‐bearing radical, silylidyne (SiH), with 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) in the gas phase under single‐collision conditions. The absence of consecutive collisions of the primary reaction product prevents successive reactions of the silole by Diels–Alder dimerization, thus enabling the clean gas‐phase synthesis of this hitherto elusive cyclic species from acyclic precursors in a single‐collision event. Our method opens up a versatile and unconventional path to access a previously rather obscure class of organosilicon molecules (substituted siloles), which have been difficult to access through classical synthetic methods.
PLAGL1 epimutation and bladder exstrophy: Coincidence or concurrent etiology?
Authors: Kolarova Julia , Bens Susanne , Ammerpohl Ole , Hilger Alina C. , Zhang Rong , Reutter Heiko , Siebert Reiner
Published: May 2016

Background

The bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex (BEEC) is characterized by a spectrum of genitourinary malformations. Both classical bladder exstrophy and the most severe phenotype, exstrophy of the cloaca, display omphaloceles, a cardinal anomaly of some disorders caused by altered imprinting. Therefore, we hypothesized that BEEC in some patients could occur on the basis of an undiagnosed imprinting disorder. Such altered imprinting is associated with changes in the parent‐of‐origin‐specific DNA methylation.

Methods

We analyzed the DNA methylation of 54 imprinted loci in 23 selected patients with different BEEC subtypes (epispadias n = 1, classical bladder exstrophy n = 10, exstrophy of the cloaca n = 12) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. A total of 471,722 not imprinted autosomal CpG loci and 891 imprinted CpG loci were investigated. Findings were corroborated by methylation‐specific‐multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) and microsatellite analysis.

Results

No significant differences in the DNA methylation of the not imprinted and imprinted CpG were observed depending on subtype of BEEC. Nevertheless, in 1 of the 23 patients who displayed a classical bladder exstrophy, we detected hypomethylation of the imprinted PLAGL1 locus in chromosome 6q24. We verified this hypomethylation by MS‐MLPA and showed further the methylation loss to be caused most likely by a mosaic epimutation.

Conclusion

Considering that it is highly unlikely to detect a PLAGL1 epimutation among 23 individuals given the low incidence of this alteration in the population, our observations further support a link between BEEC and imprinting disorders. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:724–728, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preclinical Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Profile of a Glycine Transporter Type 1 (Glyt1) Inhibitor
Authors: Barrow Paul , Parrott Neil , Alberati Daniela , Paehler Axel , Koerner Annette
Published: May 2016

Bitopertin is a glycine type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor intended for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The principle adverse effect in the regulatory reproductive toxicity studies was peri‐natal pup death when rat dams were treated during parturition at a dose resulting in five‐times the human therapeutic exposure (AUC). Cessation of dosing two days before parturition prevented the pup deaths. Investigatory experiments and pharmacokinetic modelling suggested that the neonatal mortality was related to transplacental passage of bitopertin leading to high systemic levels in the newborn pups. Brain levels of bitopertin in the rat fetus and neonate were two‐fold higher than in the mother. As illustrated by knock‐out mice models, GlyT1 function is essential for neonatal pup survival in rodents, but is not necessary for normal prenatal morphological development. The glycine transport systems are immature at birth in the rat, but are functionally well‐developed in the human newborn. While the relevance to humans of the neonatal mortality seen in rats following late gestational exposure is unknown, bitopertin would not be recommended for use during late pregnancy unless the anticipated benefit for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the newborn.
Simulation‐based evaluation of the performance of the F test in a linear multilevel model setting with sparseness at the level of the primary unit
Authors: Bruyndonckx Robin , Aerts Marc , Hens Niel
Published: May 2016

In a linear multilevel model, significance of all fixed effects can be determined using F tests under maximum likelihood (ML) or restricted maximum likelihood (REML). In this paper, we demonstrate that in the presence of primary unit sparseness, the performance of the F test under both REML and ML is rather poor. Using simulations based on the structure of a data example on ceftriaxone consumption in hospitalized children, we studied variability, type I error rate and power in scenarios with a varying number of secondary units within the primary units. In general, the variability in the estimates for the effect of the primary unit decreased as the number of secondary units increased. In the presence of singletons (i.e., only one secondary unit within a primary unit), REML consistently outperformed ML, although even under REML the performance of the F test was found inadequate. When modeling the primary unit as a random effect, the power was lower while the type I error rate was unstable. The options of dropping, regrouping, or splitting the singletons could solve either the problem of a high type I error rate or a low power, while worsening the other. The permutation test appeared to be a valid alternative as it outperformed the F test, especially under REML. We conclude that in the presence of singletons, one should be careful in using the F test to determine the significance of the fixed effects, and propose the permutation test (under REML) as an alternative.
How to improve parent‐teen communication with validation
Authors: Kelly Jennifer , Zervas Natalie
Published: May 2016

While many parents have had the urge to tell their crying child (or anyone else for that matter) to “snap out of it” or that they are “overreacting” in an effort to get them to calm down, most would agree that doing so does not achieve the desired result. Why? The child is still in that feeling state, and is now being told he/she should not be. While this may often be well‐intended, it actually tends to lead to people feeling their emotions more deeply. This dynamic of expressed emotion and parental response becomes increasingly challenging in the adolescent years when the potential risks of maladaptive behavior are higher and behaviors can be more dangerous. This all can lead to parents feeling unsure how to diffuse, navigate, and keep lines of communication open. Validation is an excellent first step to reach these goals. As an elemental aspect of improving communication, validation is a cornerstone of a treatment for multiproblem youth called Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT‐A) adapted by Miller and colleagues (Miller, Rathus, & Linehan, 2006). While DBT‐A has many similarities with other cognitive behavioral approaches, the focus on the role of validation is a unique and critical aspect that deserves specific attention.