bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Non-Contact Measurement System for the Range of Motion of the Hand
Authors: Pham Trieu , Pathirana Pubudu , Trinh Hieu , Fay Pearse
Published: July 2015

An accurate and standardised tool to measure the active range of motion (ROM) of the hand is essential to any progressive assessment scenario in hand therapy practice. Goniometers are widely used in clinical settings for measuring the ROM of the hand. However, such measurements have limitations with regard to inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and involve direct physical contact with the hand, possibly increasing the risk of transmitting infections. The system proposed in this paper is the first non-contact measurement system utilising Intel Perceptual Technology and a Senz3D Camera for measuring phalangeal joint angles. To enhance the accuracy of the system, we developed a new approach to achieve the total active movement without measuring three joint angles individually. An equation between the actual spacial position and measurement value of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint was established through the measurement values of the total active movement, so that its actual position can be inferred. Verified by computer simulations, experimental results demonstrated a significant improvement in the calculation of the total active movement and successfully recovered the actual position of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint angles. A trial that was conducted to examine the clinical applicability of the system involving 40 healthy subjects confirmed the practicability and consistency in the proposed system. The time efficiency conveyed a stronger argument for this system to replace the current practice of using goniometers.
From Laser Scanning to Finite Element Analysis of Complex Buildings by Using a Semi-Automatic Procedure
Authors: Castellazzi Giovanni , D'Altri Antonio , Bitelli Gabriele , Selvaggi Ilenia , Lambertini Alessandro
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a new semi-automatic procedure to transform three-dimensional point clouds of complex objects to three-dimensional finite element models is presented and validated. The procedure conceives of the point cloud as a stacking of point sections. The complexity of the clouds is arbitrary, since the procedure is designed for terrestrial laser scanner surveys applied to buildings with irregular geometry, such as historical buildings. The procedure aims at solving the problems connected to the generation of finite element models of these complex structures by constructing a fine discretized geometry with a reduced amount of time and ready to be used with structural analysis. If the starting clouds represent the inner and outer surfaces of the structure, the resulting finite element model will accurately capture the whole three-dimensional structure, producing a complex solid made by voxel elements. A comparison analysis with a CAD-based model is carried out on a historical building damaged by a seismic event. The results indicate that the proposed procedure is effective and obtains comparable models in a shorter time, with an increased level of automation.
Automated Mobile System for Accurate Outdoor Tree Crop Enumeration Using an Uncalibrated Camera
Authors: Nguyen Thuy , Slaughter David , Hanson Bradley , Barber Andrew , Freitas Amy , Robles Daniel , Whelan Erin
Published: July 2015

This paper demonstrates an automated computer vision system for outdoor tree crop enumeration in a seedling nursery. The complete system incorporates both hardware components (including an embedded microcontroller, an odometry encoder, and an uncalibrated digital color camera) and software algorithms (including microcontroller algorithms and the proposed algorithm for tree crop enumeration) required to obtain robust performance in a natural outdoor environment. The enumeration system uses a three-step image analysis process based upon: (1) an orthographic plant projection method integrating a perspective transform with automatic parameter estimation; (2) a plant counting method based on projection histograms; and (3) a double-counting avoidance method based on a homography transform. Experimental results demonstrate the ability to count large numbers of plants automatically with no human effort. Results show that, for tree seedlings having a height up to 40 cm and a within-row tree spacing of approximately 10 cm, the algorithms successfully estimated the number of plants with an average accuracy of 95.2% for trees within a single image and 98% for counting of the whole plant population in a large sequence of images.
Daily Runoff Forecasting Model Based on ANN and Data Preprocessing Techniques
Authors: Wang Yun , Guo Shenglian , Xiong Lihua , Liu Pan , Liu Dedi
Published: July 2015

There are many models that have been used to simulate the rainfall-runoff relationship. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was selected to investigate an approach of improving daily runoff forecasting accuracy in terms of data preprocessing. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) as one data preprocessing technique was adopted to deal with the model inputs and the SSA-ANN model was developed. The proposed model was compared with the original ANN model without data preprocessing and a nonlinear perturbation model (NLPM) based on ANN, i.e., the NLPM-ANN model. Eight watersheds were selected for calibrating and testing these models. Comparative study shows that the learning and training ability of ANN models can be improved by SSA and NLPM techniques significantly, and the performance of the SSA-ANN model is much better than the NLPM-ANN model, with high foresting accuracy. The SSA-ANN1 model, which only considers rainfall as model input, was compared with the SSA-ANN2 model, which considers both rainfall and previous runoff as model inputs. It is shown that the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion of the SSA-ANN2 model is much higher than that of the SSA-ANN1 model, which means that the proper selection of previous runoff data as rainfall-runoff model inputs can significantly improve model performance since they usually are highly auto-correlated.
Analysis of soil bacteria susceptibility to manufactured nanoparticles via data visualization
Authors: Liu Rong , Ge Yuan , Holden Patricia A , Cohen Yoram
Published: July 2015

The impact of ZnO and TiO2 manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) on soil bacterial communities for different exposure periods and MNP doses was explored via data visualization techniques. Interrelationships between MNP treatments and responses of bacterial taxa were illustrated by bipartite graphs, allowing fast identification of important soil bacterial taxa that are susceptible to MNPs. Contribution biplots with subcompositional coherence property were generated via log-ratio analysis (LRA), which jointly display the treatment distribution and the variance (contribution) of bacterial taxa. The LRA contribution biplots and nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) of the dataset, along with hierarchical clustering, demonstrated that high doses of ZnO and TiO2 MNPs caused significant compositional changes in soil bacterial communities. The suitability of family level for MNP taxonomic impact assessment was demonstrated by both the LRA biplots and simplified NMDSs with quantification provided by the distance correlation between MNP impacts summarized at different taxonomic levels. The present study demonstrates that visual exploration could potentially assist in knowledge discovery and interpretation of data on soil bacterial communities exposed to MNPs and thus evaluate the potential for environmental impacts.
A Preliminary Investigation of Reversing RML: From an RDF dataset to its Column-Based data source
Authors: Allocca Carlo , Gougousis Alexandros
Published: July 2015

A large percentage of scientific data with tabular structure are published on the Web of Data as interlinked RDF datasets. When we come to the issue of long-term preservation of such RDF-based digital objects, it is important to provide full support for reusing them in the future. In particular, it should include means for both players who have no familiarity with RDF data model and, at the same time, who by working only with the native format of the data still provide sufficient information. To achieve this, we need mechanisms to bring the data back to their original format and structure.

In this paper, we investigate how to perform the reverse process for column-based data sources. In particular, we devise an algorithm, RML2CSV, and exemplify its implementation in transforming an RDF dataset into its CSV tabular structure, through the use of the same RML mapping document that was used to generate the set of RDF triples. Through a set of content-based criteria, we attempt a comparative evaluation to measure the similarity between the rebuilt CSV and the original one. The results are promising and show that, under certain assumptions, RML2CSV reconstructs the same data with the same structure, offering more advanced digital preservation services.
ECG SIGNALS NOISE REMOVAL: SELECTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE BEST ADAPTIVE FILTERING ALGORITHM BASED ON VARIOUS ALGORITHMS COMPARISON
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Elias , Pooyan Mohammad , Jahani Sahar , Bijar Ahmad , Setaredan Seyed Kamal
Published: July 2015

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is generally used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In many of the biomedical applications, it is necessary to remove the noise from ECG recordings. Several adaptive filter structures have been proposed for noise cancellation. Compared to the least mean square (LMS) method, the unbiased and normalized adaptive noise reduction (UNANR) algorithm has better performance, as mentioned in previous investigations. In this paper, we review various kinds of ECG noise reduction algorithms. To provide a detailed and fair comparison, all normalized LMS (NLMS), Block LMS (BLMS), recursive least squares (RLS) and UNANR algorithms are implemented and their performance have been assessed using the same dataset and compared to different state-of-the-art approaches. Then, the performance analysis of all five algorithms is presented and compared in term of mean squared error (MSE), computational complexity and stability. The obtained results revealed that RLS method is much more effective and powerful than other methods in ECG noise cancellation, and even better than UNANR. Then, in order to reach the best performance of the mentioned filter and also, to minimize the output signal error, the optimized parameters of the algorithm were defined and results were investigated. The obtained outcomes show that the best Lambda (λ) occurs between 0.05 and 0.9, so that the convergence rate of the optimized RLS filter is faster than others. It not only decreases the noise, but also the ECG waveform is better conserved. Furthermore, the introduced optimized method with adaptive threshold value would have great potential in biomedical application of signal processing and other fields.
Cloud Computing Security
Authors: Omar Marwan
Published: July 2015

The focus of this chapter is to highlight and address security challenges associated with the use and adoption of cloud computing. The chapter will describe how cloud computing has become an emerging and promising computing model that provides on-demand computing services which eliminates the need of bearing operational costs associated with deploying servers and software applications. As with any technology, cloud computing presents its adopters with security and privacy concerns that arise from exposing sensitive business information to unauthorized access. Also, this chapter will explore and investigate the scope and magnitude of one of the top cloud computing security threats “abuse and nefarious use of cloud computing” and present some of the attacks specific to this top threat as it represents a major barrier for decision makers to adopting cloud computing model. Finally, this chapter aims to serve as an introductory research effort to warrant more extensive research into this top threat and help researchers make recommendations to business organizations as to whether or not their data are vulnerable to such threat when deciding to join the cloud.
Cloud Security Using Ear Biometrics
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Abidi Ali Imam , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: July 2015

Cloud computing has created much enthusiasm in the IT world, institutions, business groups and different organizations and provided new techniques to cut down resource costs and increase its better utilization. It is a major challenge for cloud consumers and service providers equally. Establishing one's identity has become complicated in a vastly interconnected cloud computing network. The need of a consistent cloud security technique has increased in the wake of heightened concerns about security. The rapid development in cloud data storage, network computing services, accessing the cloud services from vendors has made cloud open to security threats. In this chapter, we have proposed an approach based on Ear Biometric for cloud security of individual consumers and vendors. This approaches started to get acceptance as a genuine method for determining an individual's identity. This chapter provides with the stepping stone for future researches to unveil how biometrics can change the cloud security scenario as we know it.
Authentication and Error Resilience in Images Transmitted through Open Environment
Authors: Memon Qurban A
Published: July 2015

Nowadays data compression and authentication are believed to be vital to image transmission through heterogeneous infrastructure or storage at a centralized place. Though compression and authentication have independently grown to be matured technologies, but currently integration of these technologies is understood to be a key factor in handling tampering in images transmitted through unsecure channels like cloud. In this chapter, an error-resistant approach is investigated to add to low cost image authentication scheme to increase visual quality as well as improve author and user satisfaction. The image authentication includes content based digital signature that is watermarked and later diffused in the whole image before JPEG2000 coding. To tackle manipulations in the image, edge information of the image is examined to offset manipulations in the image transmission through noisy or open and unsecure channels. The edge image is sent along with JPEG2000 coded image to determine corrupted coefficients. The simulation results are conducted on test images for different values of bit error rate to judge confidence in error concealment within the received images.
Trust Calculation Using Fuzzy Logic in Cloud Computing
Authors: Chahal Rajanpreet Kaur , Singh Sarbjeet
Published: July 2015

Cloud Computing is the latest rage in the world of technology. It has vast potential that can be tapped to the advantage of mankind. But there are some challenges which need to be resolved in order to fully utilise its potential. One of these challenges is trust evaluation. Since services are provided by service providers to clients, there has to be some notion of trust between them. This chapter first provides the basic introduction to cloud computing and fuzzy logic. On the basis of extensive literature survey, this chapter discusses trust and its need, in addition to use of fuzzy logic for the purpose of trust calculation in distributed environments and cloud computing till now. Trust calculation using fuzzy logic has been explained through the use of various models. At the end, the difficulties and applications of using fuzzy logic for trust evaluation are discussed along with research directions for future.
Networked Multimedia Communication Systems
Authors: Shukla Piyush Kumar , Bhatele Kirti Raj
Published: July 2015

This Chapter simply contains multimedia - an integrated and interactive presentation of speech, audio, video, graphics and text, has become a major theme in today's information technology that merges the practices of communications, computing and information processing into an interdisciplinary field. The challenge of multimedia communications is to provide services that integrate text, sound, image and video information and to do it in a way that preserves the case of use and interactivity. A brief description of the elements of multimedia systems is presented. User and network requirements are discussed together with the pocket transfer concept. About Multimedia communication standards a general idea is also given. Multimedia transport over ATM and IP networks discussed in brief. The issues pertaining to multimedia digital subscriber lines are outlined together with multimedia over wireless, mobile and broadcasting networks as well as digital TV infrastructure for interactive multimedia services.
Security Challenges for Cloud Computing Development Framework in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammed Lawan A. , Munir Kashif
Published: July 2015

In recent years, cloud computing or on-demand computing technologies and applications have become ubiquitous, permeating every aspect of our personal and professional lives. Governments and enterprises are now adopting cloud technologies for numerous applications to increase their operational efficiency, improve their responsiveness and competitiveness. For these reasons, the requirements for developing cloud applications have increased. Despite having many advantages for IT organizations, cloud has some issues that must be consider during its deployment. The main concerns are security, privacy and trust. These issues arise during the deployment of mostly public cloud infrastructure. In this chapter, security, privacy and trust issues of cloud computing deployment in Saudi Arabia were identified and the solutions to overcome these problems were discussed.
Big Data Security
Authors: Benjelloun Fatima-Zahra , Lahcen Ayoub Ait
Published: July 2015

The value of Big Data is now being recognized by many industries and governments. The efficient mining of Big Data enables to improve the competitive advantage of companies and to add value for many social and economic sectors. In fact, important projects with huge investments were launched by several governments to extract the maximum benefit from Big Data. The private sector has also deployed important efforts to maximize profits and optimize resources. However, Big Data sharing brings new information security and privacy issues. Traditional technologies and methods are no longer appropriate and lack of performance when applied in Big Data context. This chapter presents Big Data security challenges and a state of the art in methods, mechanisms and solutions used to protect data-intensive information systems.
Access Control Framework for Cloud Computing
Authors: Munir Kashif , Mohammed Lawan A.
Published: July 2015

Access control is generally a rule or procedure that allows, denies, restricts or limit access to system's resources. It may, as well, monitor and record all attempts made to access a system. Access Control may also identify users attempting to access unauthorized resources. It is a mechanism which is very much important for protection in computer security. Various access control models are in use, including the most common Mandatory Access Control (MAC), Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Role Based Access Control (RBAC). All these models are known as identity based access control models. In all these access control models, user (subjects) and resources (objects) are identified by unique names. Identification may be done directly or through roles assigned to the subjects. These access control methods are effective in unchangeable distributed system, where there are only a set of Users with a known set of services. For this reason, we propose a framework which is well suited to many situations in cloud computing where users or applications can be clearly separated according to their job functions. In this chapter, we proposes a role based access control framework with various features including security of sensitive data, authorization policy and secure data from hackers. Our proposed role based access control algorithm provides tailored and fine level of user access control services without adding complexity, and supports access privileges updates dynamically when a user's role is added or updated.
Big Data
Authors: Shukla Piyush Kumar , Dixit Madhuvan
Published: July 2015

In this chapter, Big Data provide large-volume, complex structure, heterogeneous and irregular growing data sets include multiple and autonomous different resources. In this chapter, With the growing improvement of networking sites, image information storing capacity become big issue too, Big Data concept are most growing expanding in all technical area and knowledge engineering domains, including physical, medical and paramedical sciences. Here a data-driven method consist demand-driven aggregation of information and knowledge mining and analysis, user interest prototyping, security and privacy aspects has been presented.
Achieving Efficient Purging in Transparent per-file Secure Wiping Extensions
Authors: Bhat Wasim Ahmad
Published: July 2015

According to a recent Cloud Security Alliance Report, insider attacks are the third biggest threat in Cloud Security. A malicious-insider can access the low-level device, and recover the sensitive and confidential information which had been deleted by the customer with a belief that the data no more exists physically. Though proposals for secure deletion of data exist, specifically transparent per-file secure wiping extensions, however, they are not efficient and reliable. In this chapter, we propose an efficient and reliable transparent per-file-wiping filesystem extension called restfs. Instead of overwriting at file level which is found in existing wiping extensions, restfs overwrites at block level to exploit the behavior of filesystems for efficiency and reliability. We empirically evaluated the efficiency of restfs using Postmark benchmark and results indicate that restfs can save 28-98% of block overwrites which otherwise need necessarily to be performed in existing wiping extensions. In addition, it can also reduce the number of write commands issued to the disk by 88%.
IL-18 Is Involved in Eosinophil-Mediated Tumoricidal Activity against a Colon Carcinoma Cell Line by Upregulating LFA-1 and ICAM-1
Authors: Gatault Solène , Delbeke Marie , Driss Virginie , Sarazin Aurore , Dendooven Arnaud , Kahn Jean-Emmanuel , Lefèvre Guillaume , Capron Monique
Published: July 2015

Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes that are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses through the expression of various receptors and mediators. Previously, we showed that human eosinophils and T cells shared cytotoxic activities against tumor cells that involved the γ-δ TCR and cell–cell contact. In this study, we investigated the molecules involved in eosinophil–tumor cell interactions. Given the role of IL-18 in cell adhesion and in protecting against colon cancer, we evaluated its role in eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity against Colo-205, a human colon carcinoma cell line. We found that human eosinophils exerted dose- and time-dependent tumoricidal activity against Colo-205 cells. Neutralization of IL-18 significantly reduced eosinophil-mediated Colo-205 apoptosis and inhibited cell–cell adhesion. Moreover, addition of rIL-18 led to upregulation of CD11a and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules, which were involved in the contact between eosinophils and Colo-205 cells. Our results indicated that IL-18 was involved in the eosinophil-mediated death of Colo-205 by facilitating contact between effector and target cells. These data underscored the involvement of an additional mediator in eosinophil-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity. Our findings support existing evidence that eosinophils could play a beneficial role in the context of colon cancer.
Cattle NK Cell Heterogeneity and the Influence of MHC Class I
Authors: Allan Alasdair J. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Gubbins Simon , Ellis Shirley A. , Hammond John A.
Published: July 2015

Primate and rodent NK cells form highly heterogeneous lymphocyte populations owing to the differential expression of germline-encoded receptors. Many of these receptors are polymorphic and recognize equally polymorphic determinants of MHC class I. This diversity can lead to individuals carrying NK cells with different specificities. Cattle have an unusually diverse repertoire of NK cell receptor genes predicted to encode receptors that recognize MHC class I. To begin to examine whether this genetic diversity leads to a diverse NK cell population, we isolated peripheral NK cells from cattle with different MHC homozygous genotypes. Cytokine stimulation differentially influenced the transcription of five receptors at the cell population level. Using dilution cultures, we found that a further seven receptors were differentially transcribed, including five predicted to recognize MHC class I. Moreover, there was a statistically significant reduction in killer cell lectin-like receptor mRNA expression between cultures with different CD2 phenotypes and from animals with different MHC class I haplotypes. This finding confirms that cattle NK cells are a heterogeneous population and reveals that the receptors creating this diversity are influenced by the MHC. The importance of this heterogeneity will become clear as we learn more about the role of NK cells in cattle disease resistance and vaccination.
IL-15 Superagonist–Mediated Immunotoxicity: Role of NK Cells and IFN-γ
Authors: Guo Yin , Luan Liming , Rabacal Whitney , Bohannon Julia K. , Fensterheim Benjamin A. , Hernandez Antonio , Sherwood Edward R.
Published: July 2015

IL-15 is currently undergoing clinical trials to assess its efficacy for treatment of advanced cancers. The combination of IL-15 with soluble IL-15Rα generates a complex termed IL-15 superagonist (IL-15 SA) that possesses greater biological activity than IL-15 alone. IL-15 SA is considered an attractive antitumor and antiviral agent because of its ability to selectively expand NK and memory CD8+ T (mCD8+ T) lymphocytes. However, the adverse consequences of IL-15 SA treatment have not been defined. In this study, the effect of IL-15 SA on physiologic and immunologic functions of mice was evaluated. IL-15 SA caused dose- and time-dependent hypothermia, weight loss, liver injury, and mortality. NK (especially the proinflammatory NK subset), NKT, and mCD8+ T cells were preferentially expanded in spleen and liver upon IL-15 SA treatment. IL-15 SA caused NK cell activation as indicated by increased CD69 expression and IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B production, whereas NKT and mCD8+ T cells showed minimal, if any, activation. Cell depletion and adoptive transfer studies showed that the systemic toxicity of IL-15 SA was mediated by hyperproliferation of activated NK cells. Production of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ, but not TNF-α or perforin, was essential to IL-15 SA–induced immunotoxicity. The toxicity and immunological alterations shown in this study are comparable to those reported in recent clinical trials of IL-15 in patients with refractory cancers and advance current knowledge by providing mechanistic insights into IL-15 SA–mediated immunotoxicity.
The Inflammatory Caspases-1 and -11 Mediate the Pathogenesis of Dermatitis in Sharpin-Deficient Mice
Authors: Douglas Todd , Champagne Claudia , Morizot Alexandre , Lapointe Jean-Martin , Saleh Maya
Published: July 2015

Chronic proliferative dermatitis in mice (cpdm) is a spontaneous multiorgan inflammatory disorder with pathological hallmarks similar to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in humans. Cpdm mice lack expression of SHANK-associated RH domain–interacting protein, an adaptor of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex, which acts in the NF-κB pathway to promote inflammation and protect from apoptosis and necroptosis. Although skin inflammation in cpdm mice is driven by TNF- and RIPK1-induced cell death, the contribution of initiating innate immunity sensors and additional inflammatory pathways remains poorly characterized. In this article, we show that inflammasome signaling, including the expression and activation of the inflammatory caspase-1 and -11 and IL-1 family cytokines, was highly upregulated in the skin of cpdm mice prior to overt disease onset. Genetic ablation of caspase-1 and -11 from cpdm mice significantly reduced skin inflammation and delayed disease onset, whereas systemic immunological disease persisted. Loss of Nlrp3 also attenuated skin disease, albeit more variably. Strikingly, induction of apoptosis and necroptosis effectors was sharply decreased in the absence of caspase-1 and -11. These results position the inflammasome as an important initiating signal in skin disease pathogenesis and provide novel insights about inflammasome and cell death effector cross-talk in the context of inflammatory diseases.
Ammonites from the Late Bathonian "Iniskinites Fauna" of Central British Columbia
Authors: Frebold H
Published: July 2015

An ammonite fauna from the Smithers map area, central British Columbia includes species of the genera Iniskinites Imlay, Lilloettia Crickmay, Kepplerites Neumayr and Uhlig, and Xenocephalites Spath. This "Iniskinites fauna" is described and compared with a
similar ammonite fauna from southern Alaska. The main difference between the two faunas is the absence in British Columbia of the genus Cadoceras Fischer which is represented in southern Alaska. The two faunas are considered to be the same age. In addition to the Iniskinites fauna from central
British Columbia some ammonites from northern Yukon are discussed. They are Iniskinites yukonensis n. sp., Cadoceras barnstoni (Meek) and Kepplerites spp. The specimens apparently originated from a bed in the zone of Cadoceras variabile considered to be of Late Bathonian age. It is concluded that
the beds with lniskinites in British Columbia and southern Alaska are also Upper Bathonian.
The Evaporites of the Ordovician Baumann Fiord Formation, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Mossop G D
Published: July 2015

The Lower Ordovician Baumann Fiord Formation is a basin-margin evaporite sequence that forms part of the Franklinian Miogeosyncline-Arctic Platform sedimentary wedge. In the study-area on central Ellesmere Island, formation thickness ranges from about 200 m along
the edge of the Precambrian craton to about 475 m at the basinward margin of the depositional wedge. The outcrop belt is about 110 km wide, extending more than 320 km along strike. The fundamental genetic unit is the carbonate-anhydrite cycle. A typical cycle is 3.5 m thick and consists of a basal
lagoonal lime mudstone facies, succeeded by an intertidal stromatolitic facies, in turn overlain by a supratidal anhydrite facies. Each of these regressive sequences is interpreted as a discrete sabkha cycle, analogous in all essential regards to the Recent Trucial Coast sabkha cycle. Some sections
of the B4umann Fiord Formation on Ellesmere Island contain up to 120 superposed sabkha cycles. Rhythmic successions of cycles were compounded during periods of steady and constant subsidence. Departures from conventional rhythmic cyclicity in any one vertical section may be explained in terms of
temporal fluctuation in the rates of subsidence. Lateral changes in the character or thickness of individual cycles are explained as a function of spatial fluctuation in rates of subsidence. A regional stratigraphic synthesis, based on correlations between eight measured sections, reveals that,
given appropriate subsidence differentials, the facies pattern in the formation as a whole can be explained in terms of sabkha model genesis. Most of the original nodular anhydrite of the Baumann Fiord Formation underwent early-stage compactional flow to produce layered and laminar anhydrite. Deep
burial, accompanied by pervasive recrystallization, further modified the textural character of some of the anhydrite, notably that of the seaward part of the sedimentary wedge. The Ellesmerian Orogeny (Middle Devonian to mid-Pennsylvanian) produced folding and, where deformation was intense, it
caused remobilization and flow of the anhydrite. Subsequent thrust-faulting (Cretaceous-Tertiary Eurekan Orogeny) produced shear zones at various levels within the formation. During exhumation, the basal part of the formation locally underwent hydraulic fracturing. Water from the underlying strata
moved up into the evaporites and hydrated the anhydrite to form secondary gypsum. The excess calcium sulphate liberated during this volume-for-volume replacement process precipitated in the fracture system, forming satin-spar veins. The latest stages of exhumation of the formation permafrost regime
of Pleistocence and Holocene times. water locally promotes gypsification of the outermost a rule, it is unaltered anhydrite that outcrops. have taken place during the Hydration by present-day meteoric veneer of the exposures but, as a rule, it is unaltered anhydrite that
outcrops.
Uranium-bearing and Associated minerals in their Geochemical and Sedimentological Context, Elliot Lake, Ontario
Authors: Theis N J
Published: July 2015

The depositional energy environment of the Rio Algom-Denison ore reef was investigated on a regional scale using several parameters including pebble size. Regional trends of decreasing pebble size coincide with the regional direction of sediment transport. Pebble
size was also used to characterize the depositional energy environment at the sample level. Quartz-pebble size and pyritegrain size as determined from the same samples have a correlation coefficient of 0.93 which clearly indicates that the coarse granular pyrite is detrital. Bulk chemical analyses (
X RF) of selected elements (U, Th, Pb, Ti, Ce, La, Y and Zr) which were chosen to reflect specific minerals (uraninite, brannerite, monazite and zircon), showed strong correlation with quartz-pebble size of the respective samples. Electron microprobe analyses of uraninite and brannerite are
reported. The uraninites have typical pegmatitic compositions. Several types of "brannerite" are described; the conclusion reached is that although some brannerite may be detrital, most of it formed by adsorption of uranium onto titania collectors. Redistribution of some of the uranium has not
changed the placer nature of the ore reef. Genesis of individual minerals (pyrite, uraninite, brannerite, zircon and monazite) is discussed. It is concluded that the mineralogy and its geochemical expression have been controlled by processes of fluvial deposition. As a result of the regional
patterns in depositional environment, the ore reef shows a broad mineralogical zoning. Fluctuations in depositional energy have also produced lithologically related mineral zoning on a smaller scale.
Metamorphism, deformation, and plutonism in the Mount Raleigh Pendant, Coast Mountains, British Columbia
Authors: Woodsworth G J
Published: July 2015

Vancouver and about 25 km from the eastern margin of the Coast Mountains. Lower Cretaceous volcanicla stic rocks, greywacke and conglomerate in the Mount Raleigh pendant were deposited on a basement of quartz diorite and folded granitoid rocks of the Central
Gneiss Complex. Upper Triassic(?) and Lower Jurass ic( ?) amphibolite, f eldspathic schist and marble may have been thrust over the Lower Cretaceous strata. The pendant strata were folded into a gently-plunging open syncline prior to emplacement of most of the plutons that bound the pendant. The
metamorphic grade of pelitic rocks increases from andalusite+garnet in the northeast part of the pendant to sillimanite+garnet+cordierite to the southwest. Temperatures during metamorphism reached about 700°C at pressures of about 6.5 kb. Metamorphism resulted from regional thermal gradients
and is independent of plutonism at the present level of exposure. Peak metamorphism probably occurred during uplift and was accompanied by the diapiric emplacement of synmetamorphic plutons that deformed and modified the earlier structure of the pendant. Five K-Ar dates indicate this period of
metamorphism and deformation was concluded by 70 Ma ago. Posttectonic plutons were emplaced during the Early Tertiary; accompanying contact metamorphism reached about 800°C. Most pendants in the southern Coast Mountains may be graben-like structures. The high lithostatic pressures reached
during metamorphism of the Mount Raleigh pendant may be due to emplacement of plutonic diapirs above the pendant. Most plutons in the map-area were intruded by forcible injection and wedging apart of the strata with accompanying radial distension and def or ma ti on of the wall rocks. Most Early
Tertiary plutons in the southern Coast Mountains may have been emplaced at relatively shallow levels.
Conodonts of the Jupiter and Chicotte formations [lower silurian], Anticosti Island, Québec
Authors: Uyeno T T , Barnes C R
Published: July 2015

The Jupiter and Chicotte formations, respectively 14-5 m and 23-33 m thick (Bolton, 1972), represent the youngest Silurian units on Anticosti Island. With the exception of informal member 2 (Bolton, 1972) of the Jupiter, they were sampled at 2-m intervals along
their main sections. Sixty samples, averaging 2.0 kg in weight, yielded 5100 disjunct conodont elements. The Anticosti conodonts can be confidently assigned to the zonation established by Aldridge (1972) based on strata in the Welsh Borderland. Thus, the sample from about 10 m above the base of
member l of the Jupiter Formation is in the highest part of the Icriodella dis ere ta-I. de flee ta Zone (C 2, Fronian age). The remainder of the Jupiter, up to 2 m below the top of the formation, is assignable to the Distomodus staurognathoides Zone (C2 to C4, Fronian to early Telychian). In the
Anticosti Island succession, this zone can be further subdivided into two informal units: the lower staurognathoides fauna (C 2, mid-Fronian) and the higher aldridgei fauna (C 3 - 4, late Fronian-early Telychian), with the separation occurring about 17 m above the base of member 4-. The interval
including the uppermost 2 m of the Jupiter and up to 24- m above the base of the Chicotte Formation, belongs to the Icriodella inconstans Zone (C 5 , Telychian). The Pterospathodus celloni Zone of Walliser (1964-) probably represents an upper part of this zone. The Pterospathodus amorphognathoides
Zone (C 6 , late Telychian-early Wenlock) is present in the sample 24- m above the base of the Chicotte. Although the zone straddles the Llandovery-Wenlock boundary, the stratigraphic position of this sample suggests that it is probably still of late Telychian age. Two of Cooper's (1980) Datum
Planes are represented: the Distomodus staurognathoides Datum in member l of the Jupiter Formation, and the Pterospathodus amorphognathoides Datum in the Chicotte Formation.
Dicoelitid belemnites from the toarcian-middle bajocian of western and Arctic Canada
Authors: Jeletzky J A
Published: July 2015

The following dicoelitid (Family Dicoelitidae Saks and Nalniaeva , 1967 emend.) belemnites from Toarcian Bajocian rocks of northwestern British Columbia, the northern and southern Yukon and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are described and figured: ?Dicoelitessp
. nov. indet. A, ?Dicoelites sp. nov. indet. B, Conodicoelites sp. nov. aff. keeuwensis (Boehm 1906), Conodicoelites sp. aff . C. meyrati (Do s t e r 1857), Lenobelus plauchuti sp. nov. Lenobelusaberrans sp. nov. Pseudodicoelites aff. Ps. bidgievi (Saks), Pseudodicoelites canadensis sp. nov.
Pseudodicoelites epigonos sp. nov. Pseudodicoelites cf. hibolitoides (Saks), ?Pseudodicoelites sp. nov. indet. A. Also described is a very peculiar belemnitid tentatively assigned to ? Bel emnopseidae gen. and sp. nov. indet. from Toarcian or Bajocian rocks of northwestern British Columbia . All the
s e belemnites are recorded for the first time in North America.
On the basis of a comparison of the sculpture of the guard and the structure of the phragmocone of Dicoelites, Conodicoelites, Lenobelus, and Pseudodicoelites with those of several genera of Duvaliidae and Belemnopseidae, it is concluded that:
1. Dicoelites, Conodicoelites, Lenobelus and Pseudodicoelites have a Belemnopseidae-like structure of the phragmocone. They are closely similar to each other and to Belemnopsis in the sculpture of the guard, including the presence of mediodorsal and me dioventral alveolar grooves.
2. Because of the close morphologic similarity of Lenobelus and Pseudodicoelites to Dicoelites and Conodicoelites and to the Belemnopseidae, the subfamily Pseudodicoe litinae Saks and Nalniaeva, 1967 is superfluous. It is proposed therefore to synonymize this subfamily with the family Dicoelitidae
Saks and Nalniaeva, 1967 and to treat Lenobelus and Pseudodicoelites as a Boreal stock of this family. The proposal of Saks and Nalniaeva (1967a,b, 1975) that Le nobelus and Pseudodicoelites are closely related to the Duvaliidae Pavlow, 1914 is erroneous.
It is inferred that the dicoelitid belemnites described from Toarcian rocks of northwestern British Columbia are descendants of European hastitids which mi grated the r e via the Caribbean region, Mexico, and the Pacific slope of the United States in the latest Pliensbachian or earliest Toarcian.
Farther northwestward migration and concurrent evolution of this hastitid stock along the Pacific slope of North America produced the Toarcian Lenobelus and Pseudodicoelites of northern Siberia which then migrated into the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the northern and southern Yukon and possibly
into northwestern British Columbia in the early Bajocian (=Aalenian).
The Bajocian to Kimmeridgian Dicoelites and Conodicoelites of the Mediterranean region of Europe, the Himalayan region of India, Indonesia, New Zealand, and South America are interpreted as descendants of the Toarcian Dicoelites and Conodicoelites of northwest ern British
Columbia.
Solitary rugose corals of the Selkirk member, Red River formation (late middle or upper ordovician), southern Manitoba
Authors: Elias R J
Published: July 2015

Solitary rugose corals of the Red River Formation in southern Manitoba are sufficiently common and well preserved for detailed study only in the Selkirk Member. The following taxa are recognized: Family Streptelasmatidae - Grewingkia crassa n. sp., G. dilata n.
sp., G. robusta (Whiteaves, 1896), G. haysii (Meek, 1865), G. lamellosa n. sp., Helicelasma randi n. sp., Deiracorallium delicatum n. sp., and Bighomia cf. B. patella (Wilson, 1926); Family Compl exophyllidae n. fam. - ComplexophyUum leithi n. gen., n. sp. The predominance of algal and annelid
borings and epizoic colonial corals and stromatoporoids on the counter side of host solitary corals suggests that during life the convex cardinal side was in the sediment and the concave counter side faced upward, with the calice in a nearly horizontal position. The compressed and unique triangulate
to trilobate shape of many corals in the Red River-Stony Mountain faunal province may have served to increase their stability during life. In the Red River-Stony Mountain province, evolutionary trends in the Grewingkia-Lobocorallium lineage are toward increased trilobation and an increase in the
degree of septa! dilation throughout ontogeny. This is accompanied by disappearance of lamellae from the stereozone and a change from weakly fibrous, nontrabeculate septa to trabeculate septa with well -developed fibers. The trends appear to be of value in dating corals of this faunal province. Red
River solitary corals of Hudson Bay Lowland, Northwest Territories, and northwestern Greenland are similar to those of southern Manitoba, although there are some differences at the specific level.
The coastal geomorphology, sedimentology and processes of eastern Melville and western Byam Martin Island, canadian arctic archipelago
Authors: McLaren P
Published: July 2015

The coasts of eastern Me lville and western Byam Martin Islands have emerged approximately 100 m during the Holocene and are still undergoing isostatic recovery at the rate of approximately 0.35 cm/year. During deglaciation, glacial-marine sediments consisting of
33% sand, 45% silt and 22% clay with variable amounts of gravel and larger sized material reflecting local lithologies were deposited in Byam Channel. SCUBA observations show that there is little present sedimentation on the sand-silt-clay facies but grounding ice blocks result in
considerable sediment reworking. Ice keels impinging on the substrate leave long linear scour tracks approximately 2 m deep which are flanked on either side by embankments 1 m high . The ice scour tracks are terminated by a crater which is surrounded by an embankment composed of excavated substrate.
On rocky bottoms, where the sand- silt-clay f acies is absent, ice scour feature s contain boulders that are freshly torn from the underlying bedrock. During emergence, three principal coastal types were farmed: deltas, sandflats and raised beaches. The deltas are of the "Gilbert" type consisting of
steeply dipping (>10°) for eset beds composed predominantly of sand. Nearshore under-ice tidal currents transport this sand to adjacent coastal a:·eas and it accumulates at the sandflat coast. The mobile sand for ms a shallow sandy f acies overlying the glacial-marine
sand-silt-clay facies and extends from the shoreline to approximately the 7 m isobath. Where the shallow sandy f acies is thin ( <3 m), ice scouring can be sufficiently deep to excavate the underlying sand-silt-clay f acies and the resultant ice push deposits containing gravel and larger
sized clasts can be added to the beach. Subsequent wave action concentrates the gravel by winnowing away fines and a predominantly gravel beach is farmed. The addition of gravel by ice to the beach combined with emergence produces a raised beach coastline. Where the shallow sandy f acies is . thick
(>3 m), the sand acts as a buff er against ice scouring and the gravel content of the sand-silt-clay f acies cannot be added to the beach. As the shallow sandy facies emerges a sandflat coast line is farmed.
Stratigraphy and microfossils of the Jurassic Bug Creek group of northern Richardson Mountains, northern Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories
Authors: Poulton T P , Leskiw K , Audretsch A
Published: July 2015

The Bug Creek Group comprises the southeastern basin-marginal arenaceous facies of the Brooks-Mackenzie Basin during Sinemurian through early Oxfordian times. It is a northwesterly thickening wedge of shelf sandstones and si!tstones that grades into a basinal
shale facies of the Kingak Formation. The Bug Creek Group is subdivided into the following new formations and members, in upward succession: Murray Ridge Formation (Sinemurian; argillaceous, with a basal conglomeratic sandstone, the Scho Creek Member); Almstrom Creek Formation (Pliensbachian
approximately; sandstone); Manuel Creek Forma tion (Toarc ian and Lower Bajocian; argillaceous; with a local sandstone, the Anne Creek Member); Richardson Mountains Formation (Middle Bajocian through early Oxfordian; argillaceous and sandstone facies; with a distinctive basal sandstone, the Little
Bell Member; and a higher sandstone package, the Waters River Member); and Aklavik Formation (Early Oxfordian; sandstone). The sandstones are quartz-rich and contain abundant locally derived chert and siltstone fragments wherever they directly overlie Paleozoic rocks. The Almstrom Creek and Aklavik
Formations are two major marine sandstone units each probably storm-wave or tide-dominated, that prograded onto a shallow shelf and which represent regressive phases. Another regressive phase, without a significant sedimentary wedge is represented by the Manuel Creek Formation. This is associated
with uplift and minor erosion of the basin margin. The Bug Creek Group yields ammonites, bivalves, and other marine macrofauna locally, and a poorly preserved marine mic robiota that is only locally prolific. Of this, 24 species of agglutinated foraminifera, I species of calcareous foraminifera, I
species of ostracod, I species of radiolarian, 8 species of dinoflagellate, 7 species of spore or pollen, and 2 species of undifferentiated mic ropla nkton are figured, none as new species.