bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATH ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON THE EMPOWERMENT OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN PREECLAMPSIA PREVENTION USING PRECEEDE-PROCEEDE IN KEDIRI EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Katmini Katmini , B Murti , Td Oepomo , S Anantanyu
Published: April 2018

Objective: Preeclampsia is a common complication of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, whose death is the leading cause in developing countries. AKI data according to Kediri Health Office 28,187 pregnant women in 2014, with high-risk pregnant women were 5,637, and maternal mothers were 26,906 people, and 13 maternal deaths were recorded as of October 2014. The purpose of this study was to analyze the empowerment of preventing preeclampsia with the increase of antenatal care in pregnant women.Methods: Type of this study is an observational study with case–control approach. The subjects were chosen by fixed disease sampling, with a ratio of 1:3, a total of 160 subjects. Technique of taking data used a questioner. Data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The calculation results have a direct relationship between the use of ante natal care (ANC) (b=−0.88; 95% CI =−1.66 sd −0.11; p=0.025), maternal age (b=−0.93; 95% CI=−1.71 sd −0.14; p=0.020), and parity (b=−0.94; 95% CI=−1.75 sd −0.14; p=0.021) with preeclampsia. There is an indirect relationship between social support (b=0.75; 95% CI =0.10 to 1.40; p=0.023) with preeclampsia through the use of ANC. There is an indirect relationship between trust (b=0.82; 95% CI=0.04 to 1.61; p=0.039) and social networking (b=0.79; 95% CI =0.00 sd. 1.57; p=0.048); and reciprocal norms =1.53; 95% CI =0.75 to 2.32; p<0.001) with preeclampsia through social support.Conclusion: There is a direct and indirect relationship regarding the empowerment of preeclampsia prevention in pregnant women through the theory of social capital and precede proceed.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ALGINATE-BASED MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCH FOR DELIVERY OF ANTIMIGRAINE DRUG
Authors: Asthana Gyati Shilakari , Sharma Sumit , Asthana Abhay
Published: April 2018

Objective: The present work was aimed with enhancement of oral bioavailability of sumatriptan succinate by sodium alginate-based mucoadhesive buccal patches.Methods: These patches were prepared by solvent-casting method using different concentrations of sodium alginate along with HPMC 5cps and maltodextrin as a film-forming polymer. Propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mannitol were used as plasticizer, penetration enhancer, and filler, respectively. Prepared patches were evaluated with respect to various in vitro parameters and in vivo studies were conducted on white strain New Zealand rabbits of either sex with average weight 2–3 kg.Results: All the formulations were transparent and homogeneous. F7 formulation containing Na alginate (250 mg), maltodextrin (250 mg), and HPMC 5cps (250 mg) displayed maximum folding endurance, mucoadhesive force, in vitro drug transport, and drug release and found to be stable up to 2 months in storage conditions. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, tmax, and AUC were calculated from the data collected after in vivo studies. Sumatriptan succinate containing buccal patch displayed almost 1.73 folds and 2 folds higher Cmax and AUC, respectively, than plain drug solution. 1.93% of relative bioavailability was reported with the formulation.Conclusion: The outcome of the present work reveals that sumatriptan succinate-based mucoadhesive buccal formulation can improve overall performance of drug molecule in vitro and in vivo.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BIS-THIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Borde Ramesh M , B Jadhav Satish , R Dhavse Rahul , S Munde Achut
Published: April 2018

Objective: A series of substituted 5,2-bis-thiazoles derivatives were synthesized by Hantzsch reaction and evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: 2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carbothioamide were synthesized and allowed to react with various α-haloketones to give 5,2-bis-thiazoles, i.e., 2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-4-methyl-5-(4-substituted thiazol-2-yl)thiazole derivatives in excellent yield. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as elemental analyses. They were screened for their antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method.Result: Literature survey reveals that the synthesis of 2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-4-methyl-5-(4-substituted thiazol-2-yl)thiazole, i.e., (5,2-Bis-thiazoles) derivatives (10a-e) was not reported. The entire compound exhibited mild to moderate antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: The antimicrobial results revealed that the synthesized derivatives have significant antimicrobial properties, and further, structure– activity relationship studies may develop more potent and less toxic molecule.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ACETATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THYROID HORMONE-SENSITIVE ORGANS FOLLOWING EXOGENOUS L- THYROXINE TREATMENT
Authors: Sinha Sabyasachi , Chakraborty Arijit , Mondal Chiranjit , K Chandra Amar
Published: April 2018

Objective: L-thyroxine is used for control and prevention of many thyroidal diseases, though it may cause damages in thyroid hormone-sensitive organs, namely, liver and kidney. Reports on the protective effects of any antioxidants in L-thyroxine induced oxidative stress are scanty. Thus, L-thyroxine induced oxidative stress and its prevention by Vitamin E supplementation have been studied in the present investigation.Methods: Adult, male Wister rats were divided into four groups of six animals each, and L-thyroxine (T4) (0.3 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally in the treated group. Similarly, L-thyroxine (T4), at the above-mentioned dose, and Vitamin E acetate (100 mg/kg of body weight/ day orally) coadministered simultaneously (T4+VE) in the next group. Third group was administered only with Vitamin E, and the remaining group kept as control. Treatment continued regularly for 15 and 30 days. Animals were sacrificed after completion of treatment. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were assayed in liver and kidney along with their histology. Obtained results were interpreted statistically against their respective control groups.Results: Body weight was significantly decreased, and relative kidney weight was increased after L-thyroxine administration as compared to control (p<0.05). LPO level, SOD and catalase activities were significantly enhanced in L-thyroxine treated groups, whereas GPx activity was decreased. However, LPO level and the activities of those enzymes along with body weight and organ weights were almost restored their normal in L-thyroxine and Vitamin E coadministered group treated for 15 days and 30 days, respectively.Conclusion: Exogenously administered L-thyroxine causes oxidative stress in liver and kidney that in turn generates reactive oxygen species resulting cell damages. Vitamin E acetate supplementation reduces these adverse effects on liver and kidney and thus acts as a beneficial health management agent.
BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY WISTAR RAT DIABETES MELLITUS UNDER THE EFFECT OF LAWSONIA INERMIS (LINN.) LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Authors: Sari Mutiara Indah , Antika Maya Anjelir , Anggraini Dwi Rita
Published: April 2018

Objective: Lawsonia inermis (Linn.) leaves are one of the alternative medicines to treat diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. We investigated the blood glucose level (BGL) of the L. inermis (Linn.) leaves ethanolic extract (LLEE) leaves and evaluated the histopathological alterations in diabetic rats.Methods: This study was an experimental study with posttest - only control group design. Alloxan (120 mg/kg, intraperitoneally)-induced diabetic rats. 35 of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided randomly into five groups, i.e. K: Normal control, P1: Diabetic control, and P2, P3, and P4 (200 mg/kg body weight [BW], 400 mg/kg BW, and 600 mg/kg BW of LLEE, orally) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed to obtain the kidney for histopathological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin technique. BGLs were conducted using a glucose meter (GlucoDR).Results: One-way ANOVA test showed that dose 400 mg/kg BW of the LLEE was related to BGL of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p=0.000). The histopathological of kidney showed glomerular inflammation (GI), epithelial membrane lining degeneration, vascular congestion, and interstitial tubule hemorrhage at diabetic control (P1). Meanwhile, treated with 600 mg/kg BW of LLEE (P4) showed increase cellular regeneration as normal architecture of the kidney.Conclusion: The LLEE at dose 400 mg/kg BW effective decreased BGL and was able to restore the kidney destruction of alloxan-induced diabetic rats at dose 600 mg/kg BW.
IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP
Authors: Rastogi Shubhi , Iqbal Mohammed Shariq , Ohri Deepak
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of the present work is to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants. The extent and correlation between anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity have been studied.Method: Methanolic and aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants, namely, Ficus racemosa, Aloe vera, Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium, and Calotropis gigantean have been taken for in vitro anti-inflammatory and total antioxidant activity.Result: The study showed that the inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation was maximum in aqueous extract of A. vera with 97.55±1.45%. Proteinase inhibitory action of different plant extracts showed significant action and was found to be maximum in aqueous extract of D. stramonium with 87.89±2.58%. Heat-induced hemolysis showed that maximum inhibition was with aqueous extract of F. racemosa with 90.72±3.33%. When hypotonicity-induced hemolysis activity was done it was found maximum in methanolic extract of C. gigantea with 90.58±3.04%. Anti-lipoxygenase activity was found maximum in methanolic extract of F. racemosa with 94.05±4.24%. When total antioxidant activity was done, it was found highest in F. racemosa (4.38±0.546 mM equivalent of ascorbic acid/g tissue).Conclusion: An overall strong positive correlation between anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity was observed, indicating that antioxidant activity of the plant species studied might be responsible for their anti-inflammatory property. Further work needs to be undertaken to fully elucidate the antioxidants responsible for anti-inflammatory action and to develop better herbal drug formulations.
COMPARISON OF ZIEHL-NEELSEN, KINYOUN’S AND FLUORESCENT STAINING FOR DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN SPUTUM SAMPLES BEFORE AND AFTER PETROFF’S CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: P Neelu Sree , J Terin , Dutta Himadri , M Kalyani
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), Kinyoun’s, and (auramine) fluorescent staining and to compare the three staining techniques with and without Petroff’s concentration and to find out the most preferable staining of M. tuberculosis. Methods: Sputum sample was collected and concentrated by 4% NaOH (Petroff’s concentration). Microscopic examination of the sample was done before concentration and after concentration by ZN staining, Kinyoun’s staining, and fluorescent staining (Auramine). Grading of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by three staining was done before and after concentration according to RNTCP guidelines.Results: Total of 452 sputum samples were collected and subjected to microscopy examination by ZN, Kinyoun’s, and fluorescent staining methods to compare the presence or absence of AFB with or without concentration. Among the 452 sputum samples, total of 67 (15.6%) sputum samples were positive for the presence of AFB. Majority 40.3% (n=21) of TB positive patients were observed in the age group 51–60 years. The results of Auramine-O staining showed positive diagnoses in 15.9% of the samples; sensitivity was 100% and specificity 95.6%.Conclusion: The use of fluorescent staining significantly increases the diagnostic value of the smear, particularly where there are low-density bacilli which may escape detection on ZN stained smears.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY INHIBITING NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS
Authors: Adnan Adek Zamrud , Taher Muhammad , Afriani Tika , Fauzana Annisa , Imelda Roesma Dewi , Eka Putra Andani
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tinocrisposide using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tinocrisposide is a furano diterpene glycoside that was isolated in our previous study from Tinospora crispa.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect was quantified spectrometrically using Griess method by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production after the addition of Griess reagent.Results: The sample concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM and 100 μM of dexamethasone (positive control) have been tested against the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed NO level production of 39.23, 34.00, 28.9, 20.25, 16.3, and 13.68 μM, respectively, and the inhibition level of 22.67, 33.00, 43.03, 60.10, 68.00, and 73%, respectively.Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to inhibit the formation of NO in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in concentration activity-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition concentration 46.92 μM. It can be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate drug because NO is a reactive nitrogen species which is produced by NO synthase. The production of NO has been established as a mediator in inflammatory diseases.
INTEGRATION OF FETAL MID THIGH SOFT TISSUE THICKNESS IN ULTRASOUND BIRTH WEIGHT ESTIMATION FORMULA INCREASES THE ACCURACY OF FETAL WEIGHT ESTIMATION NEAR TERM
Authors: Hebbar Shripad , Malaviya Sukriti , Bharatnur Sunanda
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to find whether incorporation of MTSTT in fetal weight estimation formulae which are traditionally based on biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) improves birth weight (BW) estimation. Methods: In a prospective observational study, MTSTT was measured within 1 week of delivery in 100 women with term singleton pregnancy along with other standard biometric parameters, i.e. BPD, HC, AC and FL, and MTSTT. Multiple regression analysis was carried out using PHOEBE regression software using different combinations of biometric variables to find out the best fit model of fetal weight estimation. The predicted BW was compared with actual neonatal BW soon after delivery and regression coefficients (R2) were determined for each of prediction models for comparing the accuracies. Results: Mean gestational age at delivery was 38.4±1.08 weeks and the BW of neonates varied between 2.18 kg and 4.38 kg (mean ± standard deviation: 3.07±0.43 kg). By adding MTSTT to BPD, HC, AC, and FL, we obtained the formula Log 10 (BW) = −0.14783+0.00725 *BPD +0.00043 *HC +0.00436 *AC +0.01942 *FL +0.16299 *MTSTT, which had a very good Pearson regression coefficient ((r2: 0.89 p<0.001) compared to conventional models based on standard fetal biometry. All prediction models had better strength of correlation when combined with MTSTT (p<0.001). The routine four parameter formula could identify 45% and 80% of fetuses within 5% and 10% weight range; pick up rate was further increased to 61% and 95% by addition of MTSTT. Conclusion: It is evident that addition of MTSTT to other biometric variables in models of fetal weight estimation improves neonatal BW prediction (r2=0.89).
DESIGN, FORMULATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STEARIC ACID-BASED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL TO AUGMENT ITS ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY
Authors: Mahajan Anu , Kaur Satvinder , Kaur Satvinder
Published: April 2018

Objective: Poor aqueous solubility and suboptimal oral bioavailability hamper the therapeutic efficacy of candesartan cilexetil (CDC). This study is designed to prepare solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) of CDC and to enhance the oral absorption of CDC compared with free drug suspension.Methods: The development and characterization of CDC-loaded SLN, using stearic acid as main encapsulating lipid, stabilized with poloxamer188 using “modified emulsification-ultrasonication technique.”Results: CDC-SLN with a total drug content of 88.33±1.23% and entrapment efficiency of 78.28±1.91%, with an average particle size of 197.9 nm and zeta potential value −21.3 mV, was prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) results confirmed the molecular encapsulation of the drug in amorphous state. CDC-SLN released 60.43% of drug in comparison to 17.11% released by CDC suspension in 24 h (p<0.05). The results of pharmacokinetic studies in rat showed that AUC0−t of CDC-SLN was significantly enhanced over 3-folds than that of free drug suspension (p<0.05).Conclusion: SLN of CDC could be successful in improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble CDC.
ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT OF LANTANA CAMARA LEAVES AND FLOWERS
Authors: Anand Jigisha , Chaudhary Shanu , Rai Nishant
Published: April 2018

Objective: The present study aims at screening phytochemicals present in Lantana camara leaves and flower extracts.Methods: Methanolic extracts of leaves and flower of L. camara were prepared by the solvent extraction method. The preliminary qualitative photochemical analysis of leaves and flower extract was done following standard procedures. For quantitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and free radical scavenging activity of L. camara was estimated.Results: The preliminary qualitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, anthocyanins, carbohydrates, and proteins in the methanolic extracts of Lantana leaves and flower, while saponins, glycosides, and alkaloids were not detected in both the extracts. Quantitative assays were done for determination of TPC, TFC, and free radical scavenging activity of L. camara. The methanolic extract of Lantana flowers depicted highest TFC (15.76±0.005 mg of hydrated catechin equivalent/ml of sample) and TPC (17±0.005 mg of Gallic acid equivalents equivalent/ml of sample), while both leaves and flower extracts revealed extortionately high 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: The present work depicted that L. camara leaves and flowers are rich in antioxidant activity and have a promising application as nutraceuticals for herbal drug formulations.
PROPORTION OF EARLY ANTENATAL CARE BOOKING AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN MEKELLE CITY, PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA, 2015
Authors: Gidey Gebreamlak , Abraha Desta
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the proportion and associated factors for early initiation of antenatal care visit in Mekelle City, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2015.Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed among 391 pregnant women’s in Mekelle special zone. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through interview. Data were entered into EPI info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to see significant variables with p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI).Result: The proportion of pregnant women who initiate early antenatal care (ANC) visit was found to be 41.1%. Perceived correct time of initiation before 4 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.261, 95% CI 1.391–7.645) and correct time told by others before 4 months with (AOR=6.617, 95% CI 2.580, 16.971) were found to have statistically significant positive outcomes association with early initiation of antenatal care visit.Conclusion: The proportion of early ANC initiation in Mekelle is lower than the World Health Organization recommendation which is <16 weeks gestation. Therefore, providing information to the community, initiation counseling, and providing health education on the benefits early ANC is crucial to improving maternal, neonatal, and child health outcomes.
IN VIVO ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL PITC-2 OBTAINED FROM TISSUE CULTURED PLANT PLUCHEA INDICA ON SARCOMA-180 SOLID TUMOR MICE MODEL
Authors: Goswami Soumita , Debnath Souvik , Karan Saumen , Kumar Chatterjee Tapan
Published: April 2018

Objective: PITC-2 was isolated from the methanolic root extract of tissue cultured medicinal plant Pluchea indica (L.) Less. PITC-2 is a thiophene derivative which is 2-(Prop-1-ynyl)-5(5,6-dihydroxyhexa-1,3-diynyl)-thiophene. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of PITC 2 against sarcoma-180 cancer cell in Swiss albino mice.Methods: The antitumor activity was evaluated by treatment with PITC-2 at a dose of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg b.w for 21 days on sarcoma-180 mice model. Cell viability was studied using 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol -2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and cell apoptosis, G1 cell cycle arrest and reduction in tumor cell proliferation were evaluated by histopathological analysis and Bcl-2, cyclic-D1, and Ki-67 protein expression through immunohistochemistry study.Results: Precisely, PITC-2 had a cytotoxic effect on various in vitro cancer cells. Significant decreases in solid tumor volume and weight along with increase lifespan also observed. The histopathological and immunohistopathological examination indicates that PITC-2 induces apoptosis, typical morphological changes and suppresses tumor cell proliferation along with G1 cell cycle arrest through the downregulation of the intratumoral expression of Bcl-2, cyclic D1, and Ki-67 and thus highlighting antiproliferative and apoptotic properties against sarcoma-180 in vivo solid tumor model.Conclusion: The present results clearly demonstrate that PITC-2 significantly inhibits sarcoma-180 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in in vivo mice model. Besides this, the study reveals a comprehensive perception of the possible mechanism behind the antitumor activity of PITC-2 by significant changes in the morphological, hematological, biochemical parameters in sarcoma-180 cells.
IMPACT OF PARTICLE SIZE OF KWATHYADRAVYA (DECOCTION POWDER) IN THE PREPARATION OF PHALTRIKADI KWATH
Authors: Baghel Dileep Singh , Kumar Chaudhary Anand
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of particle size, vessel used, and extraction time in the preparation of Phaltrikadi kwath.Methods: The particle size of Kwath dravya (solute) was cut into the size of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, and coarse powder (pass 60#). The ratios of solvent (water) were 16 times of solute and boiling was done till 1/4th part of the solvent was remain. The provided extraction time was also varied 5.5 to 6 h at temperature range 23C–90°C. Phaltrikadi kwath was prepared as per formula mentioned in “Sharngadhar samhita” Madhyam khand 2/77.Results: Total 15 samples of Phaltrikadi kwath were prepared and analyzed for physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, from obtained value, it was confirmed that extraction procedure with varied particle size significantly affected the yield of active pharmaceutical ingredients in prepared Phaltrikadi kwath. Coarse particle sizes can produce a higher yield. Moreover, a longer extraction time produces a higher yield.Conclusion: Kwath (decoction) prepared by particle size 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm may be more therapeutically effective, as it has total solid content more than 6%, it proves that “Yavakuta” phenomena of Ayurvedic classics.
ESTIMATION OF SUBCARINAL ANGLE USING MINIMUM INTENSITY PROJECTION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Fernandes Salome Francia , Pradhan Abhimanyu
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the normal subcarinal angle (SCA) in an adult patient, to compare the relationship of SCA with patient gender and age, and to correlate the SCA with body mass index (BMI).Methods: A total of 193 subjects (109 males and 85 females) in the age group of 20–60 years scheduled for computed tomography thorax at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, were included in the study. Plain images were reconstructed into 1.4 mm reformatted image and processed into minimum intensity projection, and measurement was taken using angle tool. Mean and standard deviation was used to determine normal SCA, and independent t-test was used to compare the relationship of SCA with patient’s age and gender. “Pearson correlation” was used to correlate SCA with BMI.Results- The mean SCA of the adult patient was 69.75±3.38°. The mean SCA in female was 69.90±4.07° and in male was 69.63±2.75°. In the age group of 20–40 years, the mean SCA was 70.38±3.85°, and in the age group of 41–60 years, it was 69.25±2.88°.Conclusion: There was no relationship between SCA and patient’s gender; however, the mean SCA of the age group 20–40 was found greater than that of 41–60 which was statistically significant. BMI has no significant correlation with SCA.
ANIBACTERIAL EFFICACY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETERY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM
Authors: Sharma Dushyant , Rani Reena , Chaturvedi Monika , Yadav Jaya Parkash
Published: April 2018

Objective: Medicinal plants are rich libraries containing wide variety of compounds of therapeutic values. Allium sativum commonly known as garlic is a very well-known medicinal plants being used with food products. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of different extracts of A. sativum was investigated along with their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (GC-MS) to explore antimicrobial compounds present in extracts.Methods: The antibacterial activity of A. sativum was evaluated against 9 reference bacterial strains and 3 MDR bacterial strains including Escherichia coli MDREC1, Klebsiella pneumoniae MDRKP2, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDRPA3 by microbroth dilution and agar well diffusion method.Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition from 12 to 26 mm for different extracts. The methanol and acetone extracts were found most potent against reference and MDR bacterial strains. MIC values were in the range of 1.87–7.5 mg/ml. Further, GCMS analysis confirmed the presence of 35 compounds including dodecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and methyl ester in common.Conclusion: The varied antimicrobial activity of extracts was due to the presence of different concentrations of the identified compounds which can be isolated and used for the treatment of various infectious diseases caused by MDR strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF BARLERIA CRISTATA LEAVES EXTRACTS
Authors: Vasanth Sakthivel , Bupesh Giridharan , Siva Vijayakumar Tharumasivam , Balachandar Vellingiri , Rajan Gunasekaran Durai
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Barleria cristata leaves extracts.Methods: Ethanol extract and petroleum ether extract of leaf and root of B. cristata were tested for their antidiabetic activity. The in vitro antidiabetic activity from α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and antioxidant activity was used to assess the potential activity of the fractions.Results: Our attempt results suggest that ethanol and the petroleum ether leaf extract from B. cristata show signs of dose-dependent increases to inhibitory activity on α-amylase, α-glucosidase enzymes, and antioxidant activity when compared with control. Ethanolic leaves to extract produced maximum in vitro antidiabetic effect and antioxidant activity when compared to petroleum ether extract.Conclusion: The ethanol leaf extract from B. cristata may be used in managing of blood glucose in a medical condition like diabetes.
THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM MUSA PARADISIACA L. (MPL) FRUIT ON THE CASPASE-3 MRNA GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT AMYLOID BETA INDUCED, AN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE MODEL
Authors: Kamelia Emma , Asadul Islam Andi , Hatta Mochammad , Kaelan Cahyono , Patellongi Ilhamjaya
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze caspase-3 mRNA gene expression in a Wistar rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treated with Musa paradisiaca L. (MPL) ethanol extract or banana extract (BE)Methods: MPL was evaluated for its effect on the caspase-3 mRNA gene expression of rat amyloid beta (Aβ) induced, an AD model. Each model included twenty Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: K0, without AD induction and no BE; K1, AD induction and no BE; K2, AD induction+BE 250 mg/kg body weight (BW); K3, AD induction+BE 500 mg/kg; and K4, AD induction+BE 1000 mg/kg. AD induction was performed by Aβ1-42 (0.2 ug) injection at the intracerebroventricular area. mRNA caspase-3 level measurements were performed by real time-polymerase chain reaction.Results: Paired t-test analysis showed no significant differences of caspase-3 mRNA level before Aβ induction among five groups (p>0.05). At 6 weeks post-Aβ induction, there was significantly increased caspase-3 mRNA in all groups except K0 (p<0.05). Notably, after 3 weeks of BE administration, caspase-3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in all BE-treated groups; in the K1 placebo group, caspase-3 mRNA expression increased. The maximum decreased caspase-3 mRNA expression was in group K4 (-BE 1000 mg/kg BW), and the minimum was in group K2 (-BE 250 mg/kg BW).Conclusion: The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of MPL fruit could decrease caspase-3 mRNA gene expression in AD rat.
ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NORFLOXACIN PRESENT IN TASTE MASKED DRUG RESIN COMPLEX
Authors: Rajendra Prasad Ayya , Vijaya Ratna Jayanthi
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was developed and validated a novel, specific, precise, and simple ultraviolet (UV)-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of norfloxacin present in taste masked drug-resin complex.Methods: UV-spectrophotometric determination was performed with ELICO SL 1500 UV-visible spectrophotometer using 0.1 N HCl as a medium. The spectrum of the standard solution was run from 200 to 400 nm range for the determination of absorption maximum (λ max). λ max of norfloxacin was found at 278 nm. The absorbance of standard solutions of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 μg/ml of drug solution was measured at an absorption maximum at 278 nm against the blank. Then, a graph was plotted by taking concentration on X-axis and absorbance on Y-axis which gave a straight line. Validation parameters such as linearity and range, selectivity and specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and robustness were evaluated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.Results: Linearity for the UV-spectrophotometric method was noted over a concentration range of 1–5 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The LOD and LOQ for norfloxacin were found at 0.39 μg/ml and 1.19 μg/ml, respectively. Accuracy was in between 99.00% and 99.17%. % relative standard deviation for repeatability, intraday precision, and interday precision was found to be 0.600, in between 0.291 and 0.410, and in between 0.682 and 1.439, respectively. The proposed UV spectrophotometric method is found to be robust.Conclusion: The proposed UV-spectrophotometric method was validated according to the ICH guidelines, and results and statistical parameters demonstrated that the developed method is sensitive, precise, reliable, and simple for the estimation of norfloxacin present in taste masked drug-resin complex.
A REVIEW ON INDIAN TRIBAL PLANTS AND THEIR BIOGENIC PROPERTIES
Authors: K Anju , L Anitha Jegadeeshwari , D Vidhya Lakshmi , N Nagendra Gandhi
Published: April 2018

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is considered to be nature-friendly and risk-free to the ecosystem. India is copious in biodiversity; the traditional medicine consists of the plant as a major component. The tribal people who lived in the rural region are entirely dependent on the tribal plant for their medical emergencies. These tribal plants have attracted the modern drug industry to develop drugs which are economical with minimal side-effects. The present study focuses on the tribal plants such as Aegle marmelos, Andrographis paniculata, Acacia arabica, Ficus religiosa, Cassia auriculata, Punica granatum, and Tinospora cordifolia used by the Bhilla, Irular, Dimasa, Paliyan Sholaga, and Dantewada tribes of India for their antimicrobial activity. Since these tribal plants are well known for its medicinal properties, the AgNPs synthesized from these plants were found to have enhanced antimicrobial activity than the pure plant extract.
A HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY/MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BISOPROLOL FROM CACO-2 CELL MONOLAYERS
Authors: Logoyda Liliya , Korobko Dmytro
Published: April 2018

Objective: A simple, rapid high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method was developed for the determination of bisoprolol from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution.Methods: Chromatography was achieved on discovery C 18, 50 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A [acetonitrile:water:formic acid, 5:95:0.1 v/v] and eluent B [acetonitrile:formic acid, 100:0.1 v/v]). The initial content of the eluent B is 0%, which increases linearly by 1.0 min to 100% and to 1.01 min returns to the initial 0%. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.400 ml/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The sample volume was 5 μl.Results: Under these conditions, bisoprolol was eluted at 1.49 min. According to the Caco-2 test results, bisoprolol appeared to have moderate to high permeability. It should be noted that the recovery value for bisoprolol is 97.69%. Caco-2 permeability values for bisoprolol are in agreement with BCS Class I classification for these drugs and their known high bioavailability in humans.Conclusion: From results of analysis, it can be concluded that developed method is simple and rapid for the determination of bisoprolol from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution. Acquired results demonstrate that proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for the examination of bisoprolol from Caco-2 cell monolayers.
PENGARUH METODE DRILL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERMAIN BOLAVOLI MINI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Astuti Yuni
Published: April 2018

Sports activities on the younger generation has the objective to finalize the change or human resources. This sport consists of sports education, sports recreation, sports achievement, amateur sports, professional sports and sports persons with disabilities. In this case the author discusses sports education means the physical education and sport carried out as part of the educational process of regular and continuing to acquire knowledge, personality, ability, health and physical fitness of the students who take part in the sport. Drill method is better. The method was applied to students of State Elementary School 14 Jambak District of Koto Kampung Padang Kota Tangah and more effective than the method of playing the mini volleyball playing skills.
Avaliação do crescimento e desempenho de diferentes linhagens de frango caipira melhorado na região de goianésia Goiás
Authors: Bittar Dyb , Bittar Dyb Youssef
Published: April 2018

. Within the poultry industry, one of the segments that has shown the greatest growth is poultry breeding for the production of "caipira" meat, which aims to serve a more demanding group of consumers his growth has led to an increase in poultry production in alternative systems in recent years. It aims to meet the interests of consumers looking for meats with differentiated characteristics of conventionally created birds. The objective of this research was to compare growth potential and performance with emphasis on the feed conversion of four strains of broiler chickens, for Carijó (CA), Mesclado (MS), Neck Peeled (PP) and Pesadão (PS). The experimental design a randomized block with subdivided plots, four treatments and five replications. They were conducted in a conventional shed with the measurements of 15m X 6m, with the soil covered with vegetal bed, composed with rice husk in the thickness of 10 cm in height. He observed that the Breed Neck (PP) obtained a better-feed conversion and better adaptability to the environment.
Economic and environmental implications of incorporating distillers’ dried grains with solubles in feed rations of growing and finishing swine in Argentina
Authors: De Matteis Maria C. , Yu T. Edward , Boyer Christopher N. , DeLong Karen L. , Smith Jason
Published: April 2018

The Argentinean swine industry has quickly expanded over the past decade, hence increasing the demand for swine feedstuffs. The growing supply of distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from the emerging Argentinean corn-based ethanol industry is a potential feedstuff for swine producers. Using a multi-objective linear programming model, this study examined the economic and environmental concerns (i.e. cost and phosphorus content) associated with introducing DDGS in swine feed rations. Results suggest that including DDGS in swine diets concurrently minimized cost and phosphorus content. The results were extrapolated to the entire Argentinean swine industry and show that the inclusion of DDGS in swine rations could potentially save the Argentinean swine industry about 19.21 million US dollars annually and reduce phosphorus content by up to 5%. In addition, sensitivity analysis of DDGS price was conducted and the potential demand for DDGS from swine by growth category was derived.
Only the Envelope: artistic interpretations of eye-tracking imagery
Authors: Vahri McKenzie  , Neil K Ferguson
Published: April 2018

Only the Envelope (OTE) combines several research methodologies to investigate the ways we share personal information in the public sphere. This exposition presents video and video stills as primary artefacts in a discussion about a live artwork that dramatises the act of looking. In a live art installation, a ‘scientist’ invited visitors to be involved in an ‘experiment’ — namely, viewing a film while wearing a wireless eye-tracking device. This surveillance technology generated data about viewing behaviour. However, of greater interest was investigating how engaging with OTE as creative arts research led to unanticipated findings. Also interesting were the new audiovisual documents created through a re-enactment of the visitor’s experience, in which the eye-tracking device was redeployed as a head-mounted camera. In the artistic research context of OTE, the re-enacted videos led to new data being collected and analysed, leading to novel insights. These show that OTE’s ironic performance of science, employing the coercive power of complex technologies, maintained rather than undermined the compliant behaviour of participants. At the same time, the artist’s re-enactment of the visitor’s experience makes it possible to imagine, represent, and discuss such an act of subversion by illuminating the complexity of viewing behaviour when considered within the politics of the gaze and representation. This complexity is a reflection both of the emergent nature of a process-driven creative arts research enquiry, and of the work’s investigation of data retention.
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD APPLIED TO STUDY GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AROUND THE ALAGOINHAS CEMETERY, BAHIA, BRAZIL
Authors: Amarante Eduardo M.S. , Lima Olivar A.L. de , Cavalcanti Susana S.
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT. To investigate the subsurface geological and hydrological conditions around the area of the Alagoinhas county cemetery – Bahia State, Brazil, 38 vertical electrical soundings using Schlumberger electrode array were performed to a maximum AB/2 spacing of 300 m. The electrical resistivity data were automatically inverted by computer, using a least square fit criterion to the error of the model with respect to the observed data and the help of public domain softwares RESIST V1.0 and RES1D. Geological constraints of lithological well logs were used to control the data interpretation, by fixing the number of layers and an initial model suggested by the interpreter. Represented as maps, sounding curves and geoelectrical cross-sections, the results allow: (i) to map the static water table depth, which in the more plain areas, are around 27m depth; (ii) to suggest that the subsurface zones of low true resistivity (<300Ω.m) are contamination plumes above the aquifer top, whose sources are related to the cemetery; and (iii) to detect electrical heterogeneities in the aquifer vadose zone, indicatives of the travel of the invading contamination.Keywords: electrical methods, resistivity, Alagoinhas, water contamination.RESUMO. Para investigar as condições geológicas e hidrológicas da subsuperfície na área do entorno do Cemitério Municipal de Alagoinhas, Bahia, foram realizadas 38 sondagens elétricas verticais centradas em pontos acessíveis da área. As sondagens foram executadas usando o arranjo Schlumberger de eletrodos, até espaçamentos máximos de eletrodos de corrente AB/2 de 300 m. Os dados de resistividade elétrica foram invertidos automaticamente em computador usando critérios de ajuste de mínimos quadrados para o erro domodelo comrespeito aos dados observados, usando os programas de domínio público RESIST V1.0 e RES1D. Informações geológicas de poços foram usadas no controle da interpretação, efetuada com o envolvimento do intérprete através da fixação do número de camadas e de um modelo inicial para a inversão. Apresentados na forma de mapas, curvas de sondagens e seções geoelétricas transversais, os resultados permitiram: (i) mapear o nível estático da água subterrânea que, nas partes mais planas da área, situa-se em torno de 27m de profundidade; (ii) indicar que as zonas subsuperficiais de baixas resistividades verdadeiras (<300 Ω.m) são plumas de contaminação na parte superior do aquífero, cuja fonte é associada ao cemitério; e (iii) detectar heterogeneidades elétricas na zona vadosa do aquífero apontando feições indicativas de rotas de invasão do contaminante.Palavras-chave: métodos elétricos, resistividade, Alagoinhas, contaminação da água.
TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ADJACENT PORTION TO THE SÃO VICENTE EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER IN THE SANTOS BASIN, BRAZIL
Authors: Schweig Camila , Dourado João Carlos , Souza Anderson De
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT. The São Vicente earthquake, which had occurred in the Santos Basin, approximately 200 km from São Vicente city, São Paulo state in 2008, was well detected in the global network, allowing a good determination of their focal mechanisms and associated nodal planes, sub-horizontal (strike 82◦) and subvertical (strike 341◦). Understanding seismic, geological and geophysical data have been necessary to determine which nodal plane is the earthquake generating fault. Gravity anomaly maps and structural contour maps allowed defining structures on regional scale. It has been observed that the epicenter is located in the high portion of the slope next to a canyon feature and the aligned graben occurrence, the Merluza Graben, coincident with Capricorn Lineament occurrence. The seismic sections have shown that in the direction of the sub-horizontal plane, less significant faults have occurred when compared to the direction of subvertical plane where there have been faults that intersect from the basement layer to the Cenozoic layers, indicating that they were activated or reactivated on neotectonic events. The mapping of a normal antithetic fault to the NS direction quite significant along the data, has suggested that a horizontal trend of this fault plane might bind to the earthquake hypocenter.Keywords: intraplate seismicity, seismic, passive margin. RESUMO. O sismo São Vicente, que ocorreu na Bacia de Santos, a aproximadamente 200 km da cidade de São Vicente (SP) em 2008, foi bem detectado na rede mundial sismográfica, o que possibilitou uma boa determinação de seus mecanismos focais e planos nodais associados, sub-horizontal (strike 82◦) e subvertical (strike 341◦). Para determinar qual plano nodal representa a falha geradora do sismo é necess´ario o entendimento de dados sismológicos, geológicos e geofísicos. Mapas de anomalia gravimétrica e mapas de contorno estrutural permitiram definir estruturas em escala regional. Observa-se que o epicentro está localizado em um alto topográfico na porção do talude próximo a uma feição de cânion e à ocorrência de grabens alinhados, o Graben Merluza, coincidente com a ocorrência do Lineamento Capricórnio. As seções sísmicas mostram que na direção do plano sub-horizontal ocorrem falhas menos expressivas se comparadas à direção do plano subvertical onde ocorrem falhas que interceptam desde o horizonte do embasamento até os horizontes cenozoicos, o que indica que as mesmas foram ativadas ou reativadas em eventos neotectônicos. O mapeamento de uma falha normal antitética de direção NS, bastante expressiva ao longo dos dados, permite supor que uma tendência horizontal desse plano de falha poderia se vincular ao hipocentro do sismo.Palavras-chave: sismicidade intraplaca, sísmica, margem passiva.
QUARTZ PROSPECTING WITH INDUCED POLARIZATION (IP) AND RESISTIVITY BY USING GRADIENT AND DIPOLE-DIPOLE ARRAYS
Authors: Gallas José Domingos Faraco
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT. Geophysical surveys were accomplished in Bahia, Brazil, and they aimed at detecting resistivity and/or IP geophysical anomalies that may be correlated to large quartz mass occurrences that, in some cases, may have economic interest (hyaline high-quality quartz or quartz with rutile inclusions). These quartz masses occur in granitic rocks. The indirect geophysical detection of quartz masses was possible, however it could not differentiate the aforementioned types of quartz. After digging wells and trenches, the presence of milky quartz masses, without economic interest, was confirmed.Keywords: resistivity, IP, quartz prospecting. RESUMO. Os levantamentos geofísicos foram efetuados no interior da Bahia, Brasil, e tiveram como objetivo a detecção de anomalias geofísicas de resistividade e/ou IP que pudessem ser correlacionáveis às ocorrências de grandes massas quartzosas que, em alguns casos, podem conter quartzo de interesse econômico – quartzo hialino de boa qualidade ou com inclusões de rutilo. Estas massas quartzosas estão contidas em rochas de composição granítica. A detecção de massas quartzosas por meios geofísicos indiretos foi possível, contudo não permitiu diferenciar os tipos de quartzo supracitados. Conforme confirmações posteriores com escavação de poços e trincheiras, os resultados detectaram a presença das massas quartzosas, porém de quartzo leitoso, sem interesse econômico.Palavras-chave: resistividade, IP, prospecção de quartzo.