bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loneliness is associated with retrospective self-reports of adverse childhood experiences – A replication study in Ethiopia
Authors: Gerbig Paula , Reinhard Matthias Alexander , Ababu Henok , Rek Stephanie , Amann Benedikt , Adorjan Kristina , Abera Mubarek , Padberg Frank , Jobst Andrea
Published: July 2023

Loneliness and adverse childhood experiences constitute major risk factors for mental disorders, and current research highlights the role of loneliness in the interaction between early life adversities and current psychopathology. However, most studies have been conducted in high-income and highly individualistic countries. Therefore, this study investigates the interplay between adverse childhood experiences, loneliness, social network size, and mental health problems in the low-income and collectivistic country of Ethiopia. The study sample consists of 125 psychiatric outpatients at Jimma University Medical Center, South-West of Ethiopia, suffering from major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorders, and 131 non-clinical study participants. Led by an interviewer, participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Social Network Index, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. We used Mann-Whitney U Tests, partial correlation, and mediation analysis for data analysis. We found mild to moderate correlations between loneliness and adverse childhood experiences, and loneliness fully mediated the association between adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms in both groups. In contrast, social network size was neither correlated with adverse childhood experiences nor did it mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms in either group. This study replicates previous findings that loneliness, rather than social network size, is associated with adverse childhood experiences and mediates the pathway to depressive symptoms. This replication supports the transcultural and transdiagnostic generalizability of these findings, even in more collectivistic and low-income settings.
Modelling Large Scale Artery Haemodynamics from the Heart to the Eye in Response to Microgravity
Authors: Caddy Harrison , Kelsey Lachlan , Parker Louis , Green Daniel , Doyle Barry
Published: July 2023

We investigated variations in haemodynamics in response to microgravity across a semi-subject specific three dimensional (3D) continuous arterial network connecting the heart to the eye using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Using this model we simulated pulsatile blood flow in an upright Earth-gravity case and a microgravity case. Under microgravity, regional time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) increased and oscillatory shear index (OSI) decreased in upper body arteries, whilst the opposite was observed in the lower body. Between cases, uniform changes in TAWSS and OSI were found in the retina across diameters. This work demonstrates 3D CFD simulations can be performed across continuously connected networks of small and large arteries. Simulated results exhibited similarities to low dimensional spaceflight simulations and measured data – specifically that blood flow and shear stress decrease towards the lower limbs and increase towards the cerebrovasculature and eyes in response to microgravity, relative to an upright position in Earth-gravity.
Effect of Poling and Porosity on BaTiO3 for Piezocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Gaur Akshay , Porwal Chirag , Sharma Moolchand , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Vaish Rahul , Kebaili Imen , Boukhris Imed
Published: July 2023

The presence of both organic and inorganic pollutants in water can represent a threat to our ecosystems and pose a challenge to long-term sustainability. As a result, there is a need to investigate novel methods for addressing environmental remediation. Among a variety of techniques available, piezoelectric catalysis has attracted attention due to its abililty to harness the piezoelectric effect for efficient degradation of pollutants. Herein, porous ceramic barium titnate (BaTiO3) pellets for piezocatalytic dye degradation were synthesized using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a pore former in 0-30 wt.% proportion through solid state reaction method. The synthesized porous BaTiO3 pellets were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. An increase in the degradation of a Methylene Blue (MB) dye with an increase in porosity within the BaTiO3 materials, where a maximum degradation was observed for 30 wt.% PMMA pellet which has a degradation rate that was ~1.75 greater than the dense (0 wt.% PMMA) BaTiO3 ceramic pellet. Furthermore, the synthesized porous BaTiO3 ceramic pellets were pulse poled, where the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) decreased with an increase in porosity. The poled 30 wt.% PMMA porous BaTiO3 pellet showed approximately ~57% MB dye degradation in 180 minutes, which was comparable with 30 wt.% PMMA unpoled BaTiO3 and dense 0 wt.% PMMA poled BaTiO3 ceramic pellet. The study provides insights on the influence of poling of a low density porous ceramic pellets, which are utilised as the piezocatalyst for water remediation.
Necroptosis-related genes are associated with prognostic features of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yiduo , Pan Ke-Hao , Chen Ming
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Renal clear cell carcinoma is a kind of typical adult urological system cancer, with 30% of patients developing metastasis and 60% dying 1–2 years after diagnosis. Currently, the progress of tumor immunology and necroptosis has brought new ideas for the kidney cancer therapy. Hence, it is very necessary to find potential targets for immunotherapy combined with necroptosis.
Materials and methods
Based on GSE168845 and necroptosis-related genes, necroptosis-related differentially genes were identified. The prognostic value of DEGs was detected through differential expression analysis, prognostic analysis, as well as Cox regression analysis. The GSE53757 dataset was applied to verify MYCN and CDKN2A expression level. In our cohorts, the association among DEGs and clinicopathological features and overall survival was analyzed. Subsequently, the lasso Cox regression model was constructed to assess the correlation of DEGs with immune score, ICP and OCLR score. To detect the expression of two genes (MYCN, CDKN2A and ZBP1) in KIRC, the qRT-PCR were conducted in different samples. We verified the expression levels of two genes in a normal kidney cell line (HK-2 cells) and two KIRC cell lines (786-O, ACHN). Then, the protein level of MYCN and CDKN2A were detected by IHC. SiRNA was used to silence MYCN and CDKN2A expression in the ACHN cell line. Cell migration was measured by wound healing assays.
Results
The MYCN, CDKN2A and ZBP1 were necroptosis related genes with independent prognostic value, by which a risk prognostic model was determined. In the GSE53757 dataset, the expression of the CDKN2A gene was significantly higher in KIRC tissues compared to the normal tissues, and the expressions of the MYCN gene was significantly lower in KIRC tissues. The MYCN and CDKN2A expression was related to T, M stage and OS in our cohort. The MYCN, CDKN2A and ZBP1 were obviously correlated with immune score, ICP and OCLR score. The expression levels of CDKN2A and ZBP1 were obviously enhanced in KIRC cells than the normal kidney cells, while the expression of MYCN was decreased in KIRC cells. MYCN and CDKN2A were detected with the same results in two kinds of tissues, while ZBP1 was not obviously different. Then, the protein expression of MYCN and CDKN2A were detected by IHC,and found that MYCN and CDKN2A were obviously enhanced in KIRC tissues. The results of wound healing assay showed that, the cell migration ability of the si-CDKN2A group was significantly inhibited and the cell migration property of si-MYCN group was obviously enhanced.
Conclusions
MYCN and CDKN2A are potential targets and valuable prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy combined with necroptosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. CDKN2A promotes the migration of renal cancer cells. MYCN INHIBITs the migration of renal cancer cells.
Adaptive dual closed-loop trajectory tracking control for a wheeled mobile robot on uneven ground
Authors: Li Li , Qiang Jiaping , Xia Yuanqing , Cao Weiqun
Published: July 2023

In this paper, trajectory tracking problem is investigated for a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) on uneven ground. Firstly, a more accurate dynamic model is developed by introducing a direct current motor model. Secondly, an improved fixed-time extended state observer (FXESO) is proposed to estimate the system states and the lumped disturbance containing unmodeled dynamics of the system and uneven ground. Thirdly, a dual closed-loop control (DCLC) strategy is proposed. For the outer loop control, adaptive kinematic controller (AKC) is presented, which reduces the difficulty of parameter tuning and improves the steady-state accuracy of position errors compared to the classical kinematic controller. For the inner loop control, a dynamic controller based on adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode control (ANTSMC) and improved FXESO is designed, in which the velocity errors converge to zero in finite time. Finally, numerical simulations and experiment results are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Compliance with MDT recommendations is the key element for patients to benefit from MDT in complicated genitourinary tumors: a single-center data set
Authors: Huang Rui-da , Ma Liang , Ng Derry Minyao , Jia Xiao-long , Lou Peng-Rong , Ren Da-Wei , Wang Su-Ying , Jiang Jun-Hui , Ma Qi
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the applications and benefits of the multiple-disciplinary team (MDT) model in the clinical practices of complicated genitourinary tumors and to explore the importance of patients’ compliance with MDT recommendations.
Methods: This was a descriptive study of 259 MDT consultations in our center over the past five years (2018-2022). All data recorded in the database were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical history, initial decisions, MDT decisions, actual treatments, and efficacy assessments.
Results: A total of 259 consultations were performed on 222 patients with an average age of 65.21±12.87 years old (range,18 to 92 years old). Of the 259 consultations, 149 (57.5%) were for prostate cancer, 48 (18.5%) for kidney cancer, 24 (9.3%) for bladder cancer, 13 (5.0%) forupper tract urothelial cancer, 6 (2.3%) for testicular cancer, 2 (0.8%) for adrenal gland cancer, 6 (2.3%) for multiple primary tumors and 11 (4.2%) for other problems. Patients fully accepted the MDT recommendations in 201 consultations (77.6%); Partially accepted the MDT recommendations in 32 consultations (12.4%). The total rate of compliance was about 90.0% and 226 patients benefitted in the compliance group. Only 2 patients benefitted after MDT consultations in the noncompliance group. Compliance with MDT recommendations was found to be more beneficial for patients than the non-compliance group in our study (P＜0.001).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MDT should be recommended for patients with complicated genitourinary cancers. Compliance with recommendations is the key element for patients benefitted from MDT consultations and we should focus on ways to enhance patients’ adherence.
Social Behavior Atlas: A few-shot learning framework for multi-animal 3D social pose estimation, identification, and behavior embedding
Authors: Wei Pengfei , Han Yaning , Chen Ke , Wang Yunke , Liu Wenhao , Wang Zhouwei , Wang Xiaojing , Han Chuanliang , Liao Jiahui , Huang Kang , Cai Shengyuan , Huang Yiting , Wang Nan , Li Jinxiu , Song Yangwangzi , Li Jing , Wang Guo-Dong , Wang Liping , Zhang Ya-Ping
Published: July 2023

The fact that multi-animal behavior quantification is still technically challenging nowadays greatly limits the accuracy and granularity of social behavior analysis. Data labeling of deep-learning-based approaches can be incredibly laborious, especially when multiple animals closely interact with each other, under which circumstances animal identity switching and body occlusions are likely to happen. To overcome the challenge, we designed a novel framework - Social Behavior Atlas (SBeA) and it shows promising results. SBeA utilizes a much smaller number of labeled frames for multi-animal 3D pose estimation, achieves label-free identification recognition, and successfully applies unsupervised dynamic learning for social behavior classification. Our results also demonstrate that SBeA is capable of achieving high performance across various species using existing customized datasets. Therefore, we can build a multi-animal behavior atlas. To start with, we construct a social behavior atlas for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) knockout mice, and SBeA reveals several behavioral biomarkers which were neglected before. These findings highlight the immense potential of SBeA for quantifying subtle social behaviors and provide a new paradigm in the fields of neuroscience and ecology.
Effect of intranasal remifentanil Vs lidocaine on facilitation of laryngeal mask airway insertion and cardiovascular response. A double-blind clinical trial study
Authors: Shetabi Hamidreza , Mahjobipoor Hossein , Bahmani Mona
Published: July 2023

Background laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion requires a sufficient depth of anesthesia, relaxation of the jaw muscles, and suppression of airway reflexes to tolerate it inside the hypopharynx. This study aimed to determine and compare the effect of intranasal administration of lidocaine and remifentanil on the condition of LMA insertion and cardiovascular response.Methods This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 eligible patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with LMA insertion from March 2019 to March 2020 in Faiz Hospital, Isfahan. After induction of anesthesia and before placing the laryngeal mask, remifentanil 1 µg/kg intranasally in the first group, lidocaine 2% 1 mg/kg in the second group, and normal saline with the same volume in the third group was administered. The primary and secondary outcomes of the study were patients’ demographic information (age, height, weight, BMI, ASA classification), LMA insertion condition (function of the LMA, number of attempts to insert of LMA, complication during LMA insertion), and Hemodynamic changes.Results The first successful attempt to insert the mask was 17 cases (85%) in the remifentanil group, 18 cases (90%) in the lidocaine group, and 15 cases (75%) in the control group (p = 0.61). The performance of the inserted mask was excellent in 70% of the remifentanil group, 80% of the lidocaine group, and 65% of the control group (P = 0.73). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and Spo2 were not significantly different between the three groups at any time. Hemodynamic disturbances were not observed in the three groups of remifentanil (25%,), lidocaine (30%), and normal saline (20%), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.91). Other variables, including the need for extra propofol (p = 0.53), gagging (p = 0.53), cough (p = 0.15), and laryngospasm (p = 0.99) had no significant differences in the three groups.Discussion In the prescription of intranasal remifentanil and lidocaine, the success of laryngeal mask insertion in the first attempt, the proper functioning of the LMA, and the cardiovascular response to laryngeal mask insertion were similar among the groups.Trial registration The trial was registered at the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry registration number: IRCT20180416039326N10, date of registration:19/02/2020, available at (https://en.irct.ir/trial/43238).
Primary care delivery of behavioral weight loss services for adults with cardiovascular risk factors: development of pragmatic practice components and results of a randomized feasibility trial
Authors: Ackermann Ronald T. , Cameron Kenzie A. , Liss David T. , Dolan Nancy , Aikman Cassandra , Carson Amy , Harris Sterling A. , Doyle Kathryn , Cooper Andrew J. , Hitsman Brian
Published: July 2023

Background
Intensive lifestyle interventions (ILI) improve weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors, but health systems face challenges implementing them. We engaged stakeholders to cocreate and evaluate feasibility of primary care implementation strategies and of a pragmatic randomization procedure to be used for a future effectiveness trial.
Methods
The study setting was a single, urban primary care office. Patients with BMI ≥ 27 and ≥ 1 cardiovascular risk factor were sent a single electronic health record (EHR) message between December 2019 and January 2020 offering services to support an initial weight loss goal of about 10 pounds in 10 weeks. All patients who affirmed weight loss interest were pragmatically enrolled in the trial and offered “Basic Lifestyle Services” (BLS), including a scale that transmits weight data to the EHR using cellular networks, a coupon to enroll in lifestyle coaching resources through a partnering fitness organization, and periodic EHR messages encouraging use of these resources. About half (n = 42) of participants were randomized by an automated EHR algorithm to also receive “Customized Lifestyle Services” (CLS), including weekly email messages adapted to individual weight loss progress and telephonic coaching by a nurse for those facing challenges. Interventions and assessments spanned January to July 2020, with interference by the coronavirus pandemic. Weight measures were collected from administrative sources. Qualitative analysis of stakeholder recommendations and patient interviews assessed acceptability, appropriateness, and sustainability of intervention components.
Results
Over 6 weeks, 426 patients were sent the EHR invitation message and 80 (18.8%) affirmed interest in the weight loss goal and were included for analysis. EHR data were available to ascertain a 6-month weight value for 77 (96%) patients. Overall, 62% of participants lost weight; 15.0% exhibited weight loss ≥ 5%, with no statistically significant difference between CLS or BLS arms (p = 0.85). CLS assignment increased participation in daily self-weighing (43% versus 21% of patients through 12 weeks) and enrollment in referral-based lifestyle support resources (52% versus 37%).
Conclusions
This preliminary study demonstrates feasibility of implementation strategies for primary care offices to offer and coordinate ILI core components, as well as a pragmatic randomization procedure for use in a future randomized comparative trial.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03998046 (protocol posted 25/06/2019)
Health service use associated with loneliness and social isolation among older adults in Australia
Authors: Majmudar Ishani Kartik , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Abimanyi-Ochom Julie , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Lim Michelle H. , Engel Lidia
Published: July 2023

Background
Loneliness and social isolation among older adults are associated with a significant health burden. However, less is known about the impact of loneliness and social isolation on health service use (HSU). The aim of this study is to examine whether loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased HSU among older adults in Australia.
Methods
Data were derived from three waves (2009, 2013, and 2017) of the nationally representative longitudinal Household Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia (HILDA) survey from individuals aged 65 years and older. Outcomes included health professional visits and hospital admissions in the past year. Generalized estimating equations were used to investigate longitudinal associations between the experience of loneliness and/or social isolation with HSU.
Results
Compared to older adults who neither experienced loneliness nor social isolation, loneliness was significantly associated with more General Practitioner (GP) visits (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.13, 95%-CI [1.05, 1.23] and more hospital admissions (IRR = 1.29, 95%-CI [1.11,1.50)). Social isolation was associated with more GP visits (IRR = 1.14, 95%-CI [1.05,1.29]). Experiencing both loneliness and social isolation was associated with more GP visits (IRR = 1.44, 95%-CI [1.04–1.97]) and more hospitalisations (IRR = 1.75, 95%-CI [1.2, 2.56]).
Conclusions
Loneliness and social isolation among older adults were significantly associated with increased health service use, including more visits to GPs and higher hospital admission rates. The findings highlight the need to address these factors for improved health outcomes and potential reduction in healthcare costs.
Network pharmacology-based investigation of potential targets of Vitamin K2MK7 in treatment of diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Patel Shivangi , Shirodkar Sanket Sunil , Majumdar Anuradha Sandeep
Published: July 2023

The emerging field of network pharmacology is gaining attention in the field of drug discovery and development. One area of interest is the treatment of diabetic neuropathy (DN) which poses a global threat due to its lifelong therapies, incomplete symptomatic cure, and negative impact on patients' quality of life. DN includes diabetic encephalopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which are characterized by learning and memory decline, chronic pain or loss of sensation, foot ulcerations, and the risk of amputation. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific treatment available for DN that can provide complete remission. As a result, researchers are exploring natural therapies that may alleviate the symptoms of DN. In this study, we employed a network pharmacology approach to investigate the potential of Vit. K2MK7 in ameliorating DN. The targets for Vit K2MK7 were collated from ChEMBL, Prediction Charite and SEA Search Server. while genes associated with DN were collected from DisGeNET, CTD and GeneCards database. By analyzing the interactions between these targets and genes, a network using Cytoscape software was constructed and gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to gain further insights into the potential mechanisms of action using functional enrichment databases.The study revealed that Vit. K2MK7 shares 69 common targets with genes implicated in the pathogenesis of DN. It was also suggested that Vit. K2MK7 may exert its pharmacological effects by influencing inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of network pharmacology in identifying natural therapeutic compounds for diseases like DN. The findings provide valuable information for future preclinical and clinical investigations on the use of Vitamin K2MK7 in the treatment of DN. This could pose to be an initial inherent approach in identifying natural therapeutic moieties.
Assessment of the magnitude of genetic diversity among sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) accessions collected from Nigeria and Niger based on agro- morphological and nutritional attributes
Authors: Abed Ndamononghenda Josefina , Oselebe Happiness Ogba , Chukwu Samuel Chibuike , Mourtala Issa Zakari Mahaman
Published: July 2023

Most tropical nations regard the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) to be their most significant staple crop. It is mostly recognized for its ability to withstand drought, grow quickly, and produce with few inputs. A study was carried out during the 2020 and 2021 growing year a field experiment was conducted at the University of Ebonyi State–CAS Campus, to determine variability among sweetpotato accessions, identify traits which are positively and significantly associated with yield and accessions with high yield. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to compare the performance of improved and local accessions The results of both years and over year combined statistical analysis indicated that the varieties significantly varied in terms of all yield and yield-related traits. As a result, the Umu SPO 3 acquired the greatest values of average root girth in both the 2020 (5.2cm) and 2021 (2.4cm) growing seasons. In both 2020 and 2021 growing seasons and over year combined analysis, the highest average root yield (2.67 Kg), total root yield (8.89 t/ha), were recorded for Koudakou 4 whereas accessions TIS-87/0087 and Dan Maradi had significantly higher mean dry matter content. PCV was found to be higher than GCV suggesting major environmental influence on gene expression controlling those characters. Low heritability coupled with high, moderate and low genetic advance in percent of mean was observed in all characters. Traits considered in the study revealed positive and significant correlations. The two major clusters could be utilized in further breeding programme as newly selected lines to exploit their contrasting traits. The lines could be studied using marker-assisted backcross breeding method or marker-assisted pedigree selection method involving the two lines and the newly selected superior variety, Koudakou-4.
Evaluation of application of a novel disposable endoscope for retroflexed endoscopic rubber band ligation of internal hemorrhoids: A pilot study
Authors: Xu Wen , Xia Guili , Li Laihe , Cao Ge , Yan Xianhuan , Dong Ling , Zhu Ying
Published: July 2023

Retroflexed endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) for treating grade II and III internal hemorrhoids using disposable endoscopes has not been previously assessed. We therefore compared the safety and effectiveness of ERBL for internal hemorrhoids using novel disposable endoscopes versus traditional reusable endoscopes. This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 42 patients who underwent ERBL for grade II and III internal hemorrhoids using either a disposable endoscope (n = 21) or a reusable endoscope (n = 21). In terms of safety, no life-threatening events, equipment failure, or device-related adverse effects occurred during the procedures in either group. In terms of effectiveness, the therapeutic effects on postoperative day 30 were similar in both groups. Image clarity and endoscopic flexibility in the disposable endoscope group were mildly inferior to those in the reusable endoscope group, but without statistical significance. Matching between the endoscope and ligating device was 100% in both groups. The incidence of complications on postoperative days 1 and 10 was not significantly different between the two groups. Compared with reusable endoscopes, disposable endoscopes are equally safe, feasible, and reliable in ERBL for internal hemorrhoids.
Simultaneous photocatalytic degradation and SERS detection of tetracycline by self-sustainable and recyclable ternary PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers
Authors: Han Donglai , Guo Boyang , Li Yanru , Feng Wei , Liu Keyan , Wu Tianna , Wan Yuchun , Wang Lili , Yang Lili , Liu Yang , Gao Ming , Wei Maobin , Yang Shuo
Published: July 2023

Facile and highly efficient photocatalysts under sunlight irradiation, as well as fast and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate are in urgent needs for practical degradation of tetracycline (TC). In order to meet the aforementioned requirements, a new paradigm of PI/TiO2/Ag organic-inorganic ternary flexible microfibers based on semiconductor oxide titanium dioxide (TiO2), noble metal silver (Ag) and conjugated polymer polyimide (PI) are successfully developed via engineering an easy method. Under sunlight illumination, the photocatalytic characteristics of PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers with varying loadings of Ag quantum dots (QDs) are evaluated by investigating their photocatalytic degradation of TC aqueous solution. The results demonstrate that the concentration of Ag largely affected the photocatalytic activity. Among the tested samples, PI/TiO2/Ag-0.07 (93.1%) exhibited superior photocatalytic degradation performance compared to PI/TiO2 (25.7%), PI/TiO2/Ag-0.05 (77.7%), and PI/TiO2/Ag-0.09 (63.3%). This observation is strongly supported by the charge transfer mechanism discussions and evaluations conducted in the present work. Moreover, the PI/TiO2/Ag-0.07 flexible microfibers exhibit highly sensitive SERS detection capabilities, as demonstrated by the clear observation of Raman characteristic peaks even at an extremely low concentration of 10− 10 moles per liter for TC. The excellent photocatalytic performance and SERS detection capability of PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers not only from the Schottky barrier formed between Ag and TiO2, but also from the outstanding plasmonic resonance and visible light absorption properties of Ag, along with the immobilization capability of PI. The successful synthesis of PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers hold significant promise for advancing the fields of sensitive detection and efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.
Research on Risk and Disaster Prediction of Tailings Dam Break in Complex Environments
Authors: LUO Changtai , LI Dongwei
Published: July 2023

In response to the challenges posed by rapid development, wide-ranging disaster impact, and untimely warning of debris flow resulting from tailing dam failure, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of dam failure as well as the evolution law and affected area of debris flow for effective disaster prediction and risk assessment. Establish a 1:150 physical model for tailing dam failure test and combine it with RAMMS debris flow software to study the mechanism of tailing dam failure and the evolution law of rock flow in complex environments. By analyzing and comparing experimental data, the consequences of disaster risk following dam failure were summarized in a comprehensive manner. The results show that: The particle size distribution of the model sand should be moderate; The composition of particle size distribution has a significant impact on the collapse morphology of dam body after dam failure. The saturation line is the lifeline for tailing reservoir stability, and its level determines the degree of tailing saturation in the reservoir. The breach is situated at the midpoint of the dam crest. When the breach occurs, the inflow volume is 0.313m3. According to the flow ratio relationship, the inflow volume at breach occurrence is equivalent to 1.78 times the total amount of a 1000-year flood and 1.19 times the total amount of a probable maximum flood (PMF). The analysis of the surface flow field reveals that the region with the highest flow velocity extends from the dam toe to Shangdi village; The impact on Shizhou village is limited to the backwater of the dam break water flow and gradual sedimentation of tailings.
Evaluation of Time-to-onset and Outcome of Cardiac Adverse Events Related to Pembrolizumab Using Post-Marketing Surveillance
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Tsuchiya Eren , Shimizu Tadashi , Uchida Mayako
Published: July 2023

Background Pembrolizumab has been widely used in patients since its release, but information on cardiac Adverse Events (AEs) from pembrolizumab remains lacking, particularly in Japanese populations.
Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate time to onset, incidence rates, and outcomes for pembrolizumab-induced cardiac AEs in patients with cancer using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.
Method We analysed data for the period from April 2004 to March 2022. Data on cardiac AEs were extracted and relative risks of AEs were estimated using the reporting odds ratio.
Results We analysed 2,021,907 reports and identified 15,306 reports of AEs caused by pembrolizumab. Of these, 399 cardiac AEs were associated with pembrolizumab. Signals were detected for six cardiac AEs: myocarditis, immune-mediated myocarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, and pericarditis malignant. A histogram of median times to onset showed occurrence from 33 to 138 days, but some cases occurred even more than 1 year after the start of administration. Among these, myocarditis was the most frequently reported (27.1%), with fatal cases also reported.
Conclusion This study focused on cardiac AEs caused by pembrolizumab as post-marketing AEs. Patients should be monitored not only at the time of administration, but also over time for signs of these AEs, especially myocarditis, as some patients may have serious outcomes.
Long-term retention and associated practices among Community Client Led Antiretroviral Distribution groups (CCLADs) in Uganda: A mixed methods study
Authors: Natukunda Julian , Baleeta Keith , Kiriya Junko , Ong Ken Ing Cherng , Carandang Rogie Royce , Muhwezi Augustin , Shibanuma Akira , Jimba Masamine
Published: July 2023

Background: HIV testing and the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are critical steps in treating people living with HIV (PLHIV), but maintaining PLHIV on treatment over time remains challenging. This study was conducted to assess retention and attrition among PLHIV who were enrolled in community client-led antiretroviral distribution groups (CCLADs) in Uganda. Then, positive deviants were identified and their uncommon practices were explored for promoting long-term retention.
Methods: In this explanatory mixed methods study, for quantitative part, longitudinal medical data of PLHIV were collected from 65 health facilities in 12 districts in East Central, Uganda. Survival analysis and Cox regression were used to assess retention and risk factors for attrition. For qualitative part, medical data were used from four districts with high attrition rates. Within the four districts, nine health facilities were identified where retention of PLHIV in CCLADs was high. Then, 50 clients were purposively selected for in-depth individual interviews (n=22) or five focus group discussions (n=28). A thematic analysis was conducted to identify uncommon but successful practices. Joint displays were created integrating quantitative and qualitative results.
Results: A total of 3,055 PLHIV in CCLADs were included in the study. Retention rates at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 96 months, were 97.4%, 95.8%, 94.4%, 93.7%, and 88.6%, respectively. Factors for attrition were small CCLAD group sizes (Hazard ratio [HR] 3.84 Confidence Interval [CI], 95% CI 2.08-7.06); receiving older regimens (HR 1.70, 95%CI 1.13-2.56); virologic failure (HR 3.43, 95% CI 12.23-15.26); and duration on treatment [less than five (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.16-3.59), six to ten years (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.03-2.83)]. Of the 22 clients interviewed, eight were positive deviants. Positive deviants were PLHIV who stayed in their initial CCLADs the longest while remaining virally suppressed. Positive deviants' practices were as follows: fostering family-like settings, providing financial or self-development advice, and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Conclusions: Retention of PLHIV in CCLADs was high in the initial twelve months, but steadily declined thereafter. Effective interventions such as the positive deviance approach could help identify affordable, culturally acceptable, and local methods that promote long-term retention of PLHIV in CCLADs.
The association between serum cadmium and cardiovascular diseases is modified by alcohol consumption with a gender difference
Authors: Hu Tianyang , Cai Min , Gong Rongpeng
Published: July 2023

Cadmium is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and carcinogenic heavy metal. There was a clear association between elevated serum cadmium levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), however, this association varied by subgroup, and previous studies have not explored the sex differences in this association or investigated whether alcohol consumption affects this association. Here, we enrolled 37,729 participants from 11 cycles (1999–2020) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the association between serum cadmium and CVDs in depth. After grouping the population by gender and adjusting for potential confounders using a multivariable logistic regression modeling strategy, we observed an independent association between serum cadmium levels and CVDs. Moreover, we further included alcohol consumption as a subgroup variable, performed a subgroup multivariable logistic regression to observe whether this association was modified by alcohol consumption. We found that serum cadmium levels were significantly positively associated with most CVDs, and that this association was gender-differentiated, which was also modified by alcohol consumption. Our study provides a new perspective for further exploring the relationship between serum cadmium levels and CVDs.
Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by age-related macular degeneration: A meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Furtado João , Bourne Rupert , Bourne Rupert
Published: July 2023

Background:We aimed to update estimates of global vision loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods:We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye diseases from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60) caused by AMD, stratified by age, region, and year.
Results:In 2020, 1.85 million (95%UI: 1.35-2.43 million) people were blind due to AMD, and another 6.23 million (95%UI: 5.04-7.58) million presented with MSVI globally. High-income countries hadthe highest number of individuals with AMD-related blindness (0.60 million people; 0.46-0.77). The crude prevalence of blindness due to AMD in 2020 (among those aged ≥ 50years) was 0.10% (0.07-0.12) globally, and the region with the highest prevalence of blindness due to AMD was North Africa/Middle East (0.22%; 0.16-0.30). Age-standardized prevalence of MSVI due to AMD in people aged ≥ 50 years in 2020 was 0.34% (0.27-0.41) globally, and the region with the highest prevalence of MSVI due to AMD was also North Africa/Middle East (0.55%; 0.44-0.68). From 2000 to 2020, the crude prevalence of blindness due to AMD decreased globally by 19.29% (19.57 to 19.01%), while the prevalence of MSVI increased by 10.08%(9.81 to 10.34%).
Conclusions:The increase in the number of individuals with AMD-related blindness and MSVI globally due to population growth and ageing urge for creation of novel treatment modalities and the expansion of rehabilitation services.
An unusual Case of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma mimicking Aspergillus
Authors: Qian YingYing , Xu Xia , Li TianLang
Published: July 2023

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare malignancy with strong invasion and high malignancy, and it contains epithelial cells and sarcoma or sarcoma-like components. Here we reported one case of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma in a 55-year-old COPD male who presented with wet coughing and hemoptysis, chest CT showed a mass in the left lung. According to tracheoscopy, the patient was initially diagnosed as Aspergillus, but was eventually corrected by histology and Immunohistochemistry of lung puncture specimens. In this study, we describe the diagnostic procedure, as well as chemotherapy and targeted therapy response in this pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with EGFR mutation, and review relevant literature.
Thin film ferroelectric photonic-electronic memory
Authors: Zhang Gong , Chen Yue , Zheng Zijie , Shao Rui , Zhou Jiuren , Zhou Zuopu , Jiao Leming , Zhang Jishen , Wang Haibo , Kong Qiwen , Sun Chen , Ni Kai , Wu Jixuan , Chen Jiezhi , Gong Xiao
Published: July 2023

To reduce system complexity and bridge the interface between electronic and photonic circuits, there is a high demand for a non-volatile memory that can be accessed both electrically and optically. However, practical solutions are still lacking when considering the potential for large-scale CMOS compatible integration. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of a non-volatile photonic-electronic memory based on a ferroelectric-silicon ring resonator. We successfully demonstrate programming and erasing the memory using both electrical and optical methods. The memory cell exhibits a high optical extinction ratio of 6.6 dB at a low working voltage of 5 V and an endurance of 4×104 cycles. Furthermore, the multi-level storage capability is analysed in detail, revealing stable performance with a raw bit-error-rate smaller than 8.8×10-3. This ground-breaking work could be a key technology enabler for future hybrid electronic-photonic systems, targeting a wide range of applications such as photonic interconnect, high-speed data communication, and neuromorphic computing.
Morphology and Optical Properties of Wet Chemistry Synthesized Submicron Cepo4:Tb3+ Hollow Spheres
Authors: Trinh Chinh Dung , Le Diep Ngoc , Truong An Thu Thi , Nguyen Nguyen Phuc , Mai Khang Viet , Dang Chien Mau
Published: July 2023

This study employed a wet chemistry route to synthesize submicron and luminescent CePO4:Tb3+ hollow spheres with citric acid functioning as a structure-directing agent. Citric acid amount, reaction time and temperature, and annealing temperature were found to adjust particles’ size and shape. At 20 mg of citric acid, 35 mins of reaction time at 80 oC, and 500 oC annealing temperature, the CePO4:Tb3+ particles appeared to have a well-defined hollow sphere shape and inner structure with the highest luminescent intensity. The characteristics were revealed by scanning electron microscopy images and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). At optimal synthesis conditions, the X-ray diffractometer recorded the crystalline phase conversion from hexagonal to monoclinic, and PL spectra revealed a green emission at 543 nm attributable to [Tb3+] 5D4 – 7F5 transition.
New artificial hematophagy system with attractive polymeric biofilm for maintenance of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the laboratory
Authors: Milech Angelita , Braga Caroline Quintana , Bermann Carolina dos Santos , Souza Jaqueline Ferreira , Fajardo André Ricardo , Vianna Élvia Silveira , Oliveira Camila Belmonte
Published: July 2023

Background: Maintaining mosquito colonies in the laboratory implies the need for a blood supply so that females can mature their oocytes and perform oviposition. In this study, a new artificial hematophagy system for colonization and maintenance of Cx quinquefasciatusin the laboratory, was developed and tested.
Methods: We developed an attractive polymeric biofilm with 25% L-lactic acid in its composition, to be used as a membrane in the artificial hematophagy system and compared the feeding rate of females with Parafilm - M®. We also evaluated the oviposition rate, larval survival, and adult emergence of females fed through the attractive biofilm.
Results: The average percentage of females of Cx. quinquefasciatusfed through the Attractive biofilm was 87%, while only 20% engorged with Parafilm-M® (p<0.0001). Feeding through the attractive biofilm developed by us was able to produce high rates of the evaluated biological parameters, the percentage of laying of females who performed artificial hematophagy through the biofilm was 90%, with an average of 158 eggs per raft. Of these eggs, 97% of the larvae hatched, of which 95% reached the pupal stage. The adult emergence rate corresponded to 93% of the pupae.
Conclusions: The attractive biofilm was superior to Parafilm-M® in terms of engorgement rate. In addition, feeding with the biofilm ensured significant rates of the evaluated biological parameters and there was no interference of the biofilm components in the biological parameters.
Acute Epididymo-orchitis in Children Leading to Testicular Ischemia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fan Songqiao , Zhang Weiping , He Meng
Published: July 2023

Background: Epididymo-orchitis is a common pediatric urological emergency, which can typically be managed conservatively with antibiotics. However, if symptoms persist or worsen without an obvious cause, ultrasound evaluation is recommended and surgical exploration may be required.
Case presentation: We report a case of rapidly progressing epididymo-orchitis in a child, leading to testicular ischemia within one day. Intraoperatively we identified that high-tension tunica vaginalis caused compression of the swollen testis, leading to ischemia. After incision and decompression, partial blood flow was restored. However, at follow-up, the affected testicle was significantly reduced in size and hardened, with central ischemia.
Conclusion: In extremely rare cases, epididymo-orchitis can lead to ischemic necrosis of the testicle. This may be due to early spermatic cord compression, for example, by an enlarged thecal tunica vaginalis sac or epididymis. Early invasive treatment can provide better opportunities to preserve the testicles.
Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: A meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Pesudovs Konrad , Study N/A Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease ,   GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators
Published: July 2023

Background
To estimate global and regional trends from 2000-2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and grey literature from 2000-2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends. We developed prevalence estimates based on modelled distance visual impairment and blindness due to cataract, producing location-, year-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity <6/18,≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60). Estimates are age-standardised using the GBD standard population.
Results
In 2020, among overall (all ages) 43.3 million blind and 295 million with MSVI, 17.0 million (39.6%) people were blind and 83.5 million (28.3%) had MSVI due to cataract; blind 60% female, MSVI 59% female. From 1990-2020, the count of persons blind (MSVI) due to cataract increased by 29.7%(93.1%) whereas the age-standardized global prevalence of cataract-related blindness improved by -27.5% and MSVI increased by 7.2%. The contribution of cataract to the age-standardized prevalence of blindness exceeded the global figure only in South Asia (62.9%) and Southeast Asia and Oceania (47.9%).
Conclusions:
Vision impairment due to cataract has risen over the past 30 years, despite a decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of cataract. This indicates that cataract treatment programs have been beneficial, but population growth and aging have outpaced their impact. Growing numbers of cataract blind indicate that more, better-directed, resources are needed to increase global capacity for cataract surgery.