bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the wired internet as a control channel for residential wireless LANs
Authors: Manweiler Justin , Franklin Peter , Choudhury Romit Roy
Published: July 2010

This paper explores the possibility of using the Internet as a control channel for residential wireless networks (RWLANs). We design and implement Telegram, an architecture in which nearby APs coordinate their wireless transmissions over the wired Internet. The latency of coordination is resolved by scheduling packets slightly in advance. Testbed experiments show consistent performance gains, not only due to reduced control traffic, but also due to TDMA-like scheduling in space and time. Motivated by early results, ongoing work is focused on developing a fully-functional system solution.
DANCE
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei , Wang Chih-Yu , Chao Shih-Lung , Wei Hung-Yu
Published: July 2010

The femtocell system is an efficient solution to increase the wireless systems coverage. However, femtocells may experience spatially diverse interferences. A proper exchange on the channels between femtocells can improve the transmission experience. We proposed game-theoretical DANCE mechanism to derive the optimal allocation in the femtocell channel allocation problem. The simulation results showed that DANCE mechanism can enhance the channel allocation efficiency significantly.
Accelerometer-assisted power efficient Wi-Fi networking on public transportation system
Authors: Chang Shao-Ting , Huang Yin-Cheng , Wei Hung-Yu
Published: July 2010

Using mobile devices to access the network service over public transportation system provides ubiquitous network access. Accelerometer has become standard equipment in mobile handheld devices. We proposed a power saving mechanism, AAPS, which integrates accelerometer and Wi-Fi devices to facilitate opportunistic communication while conserving power. In the scenario of BS in the station and MS on the vehicle, MS would idle during the inter-station period and waste a lot of energy. AAPS enables the devices to detect the vibration caused by moving vehicle and stay in sleep mode until the vehicle approaches next station. When MS is approaching or in the stations, accelerometer will trigger the WLAN to connect to BS in the stations. We implemented AAPS and conducted practical experiments on Taipei MRT. The experimental results showed that AAPS can save MS energy consumption without degrading the throughput performance.
Upregulation of nuclear factor-κB expression by SLURP-1 is mediated by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and involves both ionic events and activation of protein kinases
Authors: Chernyavsky Alexander I. , Arredondo Juan , Galitovskiy Valentin , Qian Jing , Grando Sergei A.
Published: July 2010

SLURP-1 (secreted mammalian Ly-6/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-related protein-1) is a novel auto/paracrine cholinergic peptide that can bind to α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a high Ca2+-permeable ion channel coupled to regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression. Elucidation of intracellular signaling events elicited by SLURP-1 is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism of functioning of this novel hormone-like peptide that alters vital cell functions and can protect from tumorigenic transformation. In this study, we sought to dissect out the role of α7-nAChR in mediating the biologic effects of recombinant SLURP-1 on the immortalized line of human oral keratinocytes Het-1A. A multifold upregulation of the NF-κB expression at the mRNA and protein levels by SLURP-1 was only slightly diminished due to elimination of Na+, whereas in Ca2+-free medium the effect of SLURP-1 was inhibited by >50%. Both in the absence of extracellular Ca2+and in the presence of Cd2+or Zn2+, the SLURP-1-dependent elevation of NF-κB was almost completely blocked by inhibiting MEK1 activity. Downstream of α7-nAChR, the SLURP-1 signaling coupled to upregulation of NF-κB also involved Jak2 as well as Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and protein kinase C (PKC), whose inhibition significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced the SLURP-1-induced upregulation of NF-κB. The obtained results indicated that activation of α7-nAChR by SLURP-1 leads to upregulation of the NF-κB gene expression due to activation of the Raf-1/MEK1/ERK1/2 cascade that proceeds via two complementary signaling pathways. One is mediated by the Ca2+-entry dependent CaMKII/PKC activation and another one by Ca2+-independent involvement of Jak2. Thus, there exists a previously not appreciated network of noncanonical auto/paracrine ligands of nAChR of the Ly-6 protein family, which merits further investigations.
Effects of ingesting [13C]glucose early or late into cold exposure on substrate utilization
Authors: Blondin Denis P. , Péronnet François , Haman François
Published: July 2010

One of the factors limiting the oxidation of exogenous glucose during cold exposure may be the delay in establishing a shivering steady state (∼60 min), reducing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Therefore, using indirect calorimetry and isotopic methodologies in non-cold-acclimatized men, the main purpose of this study was to determine whether ingesting glucose at a moment coinciding with the maximal shivering intensity could increase the utilization rate of the ingested glucose. 13C-enriched glucose was ingested (800 mg/min) from the onset (G0) or after 60 min (G60) of cold exposure when the thermogenic rate was stabilized to low-intensity shivering (∼2.5 times resting metabolic rate). For the same quantity of glucose ingested, the oxidation rate of exogenous glucose was 35% higher in G60 (159 ± 17 vs. 118 ± 17 mg/min in G0) between minutes 60 and 90. By the end of cold exposure, exogenous glucose oxidation was significantly greater in G0, reaching 231 ± 14 mg/min, ∼15% higher than the only rates previously reported. This considerably reduced the utilization of endogenous reserves over time and compared with the G60 condition. This study also demonstrates a fall in muscle glycogen utilization, when glucose was ingested from the onset of cold exposure (from ∼150 to ∼75 mg/min). Together, these findings indicate the importance of ingesting glucose immediately on exposure to a cold condition, relying on shivering thermogenesis and sustaining that consumption for as long as possible. This substrate not only provides an auxiliary fuel source for shivering thermogenesis, but, more importantly, preserves the limited endogenous glucose reserves.
Abnormal Activity of Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Central Pain Syndrome
Authors: Quiton Raimi L. , Masri Radi , Thompson Scott M. , Keller Asaf
Published: July 2010

Central pain syndrome (CPS) is a debilitating and chronic pain condition that results from a lesion or dysfunction in the CNS. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CPS are poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that CPS is associated with suppressed inputs from the inhibitory nucleus zona incerta to the posterior thalamus (PO). As a consequence, activity in PO is abnormally increased in CPS. Because the perception of pain requires activity in the cerebral cortex, CPS must also involve abnormal cortical activity. Here we test the hypothesis that CPS is associated with increased activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), a major projection target of PO that plays an important role in processing sensory-discriminative aspects of pain. We recorded activity of single units in SI in rats with CPS resulting from spinal cord lesions. Consistent with our hypothesis, SI neurons recorded from lesioned rats exhibited significantly higher spontaneous firing rates and greater responses evoked by innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw compared with control rats. Neurons from lesioned rats also showed a greater tendency than controls to fire bursts of action potentials in response to noxious stimuli. Thus, the excruciatingly painful symptoms of CPS may result, at least in part, from abnormally increased activity in SI.
Ion Channels Set Spike Timing Regularity of Mammalian Vestibular Afferent Neurons
Authors: Kalluri Radha , Xue Jingbing , Eatock Ruth Anne
Published: July 2010

In the mammalian vestibular nerve, some afferents have highly irregular interspike intervals and others have highly regular intervals. To investigate whether spike timing is determined by the afferents' ion channels, we studied spiking activity in their cell bodies, isolated from the vestibular ganglia of young rats. Whole cell recordings were made with the perforated-patch method. As previously reported, depolarizing current steps revealed distinct firing patterns. Transient neurons fired one or two onset spikes, independent of current level. Sustained neurons were more heterogeneous, firing either trains of spikes or a spike followed by large voltage oscillations. We show that the firing pattern categories are robust, occurring at different temperatures and ages, both in mice and in rats. A difference in average resting potential did not cause the difference in firing patterns, but contributed to differences in afterhyperpolarizations. A low-voltage-activated potassium current ( ILV) was previously implicated in the transient firing pattern. We show that ILVgrew from the first to second postnatal week and by the second week comprised Kv1 and Kv7 (KCNQ) components. Blocking ILVconverted step-evoked firing patterns from transient to sustained. Separated from their normal synaptic inputs, the neurons did not spike spontaneously. To test whether the firing-pattern categories might correspond to afferent populations of different regularity, we injected simulated excitatory postsynaptic currents at pseudorandom intervals. Sustained neurons responded to a given pattern of input with more regular firing than did transient neurons. Pharmacological block of ILVmade firing more regular. Thus ion channel differences that produce transient and sustained firing patterns in response to depolarizing current steps can also produce irregular and regular spike timing.
How Global Are Olfactory Bulb Oscillations?
Authors: Kay Leslie M. , Lazzara Philip
Published: July 2010

Previous studies in waking animals have shown that the frequency structure of olfactory bulb (OB) local field potential oscillations is very similar across the OB, but large low-impedance surface electrodes may have favored highly coherent events, averaging out local inhomogeneities. We tested the hypothesis that OB oscillations represent spatially homogeneous phenomena at all scales. We used pairs of concentric electrodes (200 μm outer shaft surrounding an inner 2–3 μm recording site) beginning on the dorsal OB at anterior and medial locations in urethane-anesthetized rats and measured local field potential responses at successive 200 μm depths before and during odor stimulation. Within locations (outer vs. inner lead on a single probe), on the time scale of 0.5 s, coherence in all frequency bands was significant, but on larger time scales (10 s), only respiratory (1–4 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) oscillations showed prominent peaks. Across locations, coherence in all frequency bands was significantly lower for both sizes of electrodes at all depths but the most superficial 600 μm. Near the pial surface, coherence across outer (larger) electrodes at different sites was equal to coherence across outer and inner (small) electrodes within a single site and larger than coherence across inner electrodes at different sites. Overall, the beta band showed the largest coherence across bulbar sites and electrodes. Therefore larger electrodes at the surface of the OB favor globally coherent events, and at all depths, coherence depends on the type of oscillation (beta or gamma) and duration of the analysis window.
Formation of Descending Pathways Mediating Cortical Command to Forelimb Motoneurons in Neonatally Hemidecorticated Rats
Authors: Umeda Tatsuya , Takahashi Masahito , Isa Kaoru , Isa Tadashi
Published: July 2010

Neonatally hemidecorticated rats show fairly normal reaching and grasping behaviors of the forelimb contralateral to the lesion at the adult stage. Previous experiments using an anterograde tracer showed that the corticospinal fibers originating from the sensorimotor cortex of the intact side projected aberrant collaterals to the spinal gray matter on the ipsilateral side. The present study used electrophysiological methods to investigate whether the aberrant projections of the corticospinal tract mediated the pyramidal excitation to the ipsilateral forelimb motoneurons and, if so, which pathways mediate the effect in the hemidecorticated rats. Electrical stimulation to the intact medullary pyramid elicited bilateral negative field potentials in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In intracellular recordings of forelimb motoneurons, oligosynaptic pyramidal excitation was detected on both sides of the spinal cord in the hemidecorticated rats, whereas pyramidal excitation of motoneurons on the side ipsilateral to the stimulation was much smaller in normal rats. By lesioning the dorsal funiculus at the upper cervical level, we clarified that the excitation was transmitted to the ipsilateral motoneurons by at least two pathways: one via the corticospinal tract and spinal interneurons and the other via the cortico-reticulo-spinal pathways. These results suggested that in the neonatally hemidecorticated rats, the forelimb movements on the side contralateral to the lesion were modulated by motor commands through the indirect ipsilateral descending pathways from the sensorimotor cortex of the intact side either via the spinal interneurons or reticulospinal neurons.
Deployment/Retrieval Modeling of Cable‐Driven Parallel Robot
Authors: Duan Q. J. , Du J. L. , Duan B. Y. , Tang A. F.
Published: July 2010

A steady‐state dynamic model of a cable in air is put forward by using some tensor relations. For the dynamic motion of a long‐span Cable‐Driven Parallel Robot (CDPR) system, a driven cable deployment and retrieval mathematical model of CDPR is developed by employing lumped mass method. The effects of cable mass are taken into account. The boundary condition of cable and initial values of equations is founded. The partial differential governing equation of each cable is thus transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations, which can be solved by adaptive Runge‐Kutta algorithm. Simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the driven cable deployment and retrieval mathematical model of CDPR.
Regulatory Effect of Melatonin on Cytokine Disturbances in the Pristane-Induced Lupus Mice
Authors: Zhou Ling-ling , Wei Wei , Si Jun-feng , Yuan Dong-ping
Published: July 2010

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develops in relation to many environmental factors. In our opinion, it is more important to investigate the effect of melatonin on the environmental- related SLE. In the present study, 0.5 ml pristane were used to induce SLE in female BALB/c mice. Melatonin (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/kg) was orally administered immediately after pristane-injection for 24 weeks. IgM anti ssDNA and histone antibodies were detected after 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks pristane injection. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-13 were detected after 24 weeks. Renal lesions were also observed. The results showed that melatonin antagonized the increasing levels of IgM anti ssDNA and histone autoantibodies. Melatonin could also decrease the IL-6 and IL-13 production and increase the IL-2 production. Besides, melatonin could lessen the renal lesions caused by pristane. These results suggested that melatonin has a beneficial effect on pristane-induced lupus through regulating the cytokines disturbances.
Role of CAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Homologous Protein in Panobinostat-Mediated Potentiation of Bortezomib-Induced Lethal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Rao Rekha , Nalluri Srilatha , Fiskus Warren , Savoie Andrew , Buckley Kathleen M. , Ha Kyungsoo , Balusu Ramesh , Joshi Atul , Coothankandaswamy Veena , Tao Jianguo , Sotomayor Eduardo , Atadja Peter , Bhalla Kapil N.
Published: July 2010

Purpose: Bortezomib induces unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as exhibits clinical activity in patients with relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we determined the molecular basis of the improved in vitro and in vivo activity of the combination of the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat and bortezomib against human, cultured, and primary MCL cells.

Experimental Design: Immunoblot analyses, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunofluorescent and electron microscopy were used to determine the effects of panobinostat on bortezomib-induced aggresome formation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in MCL cells.

Results: Treatment with panobinostat induced heat shock protein 90 acetylation; depleted the levels of heat shock protein 90 client proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, c-RAF, and AKT; and abrogated bortezomib-induced aggresome formation in MCL cells. Panobinostat also induced lethal UPR, associated with induction of CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Conversely, knockdown of CHOP attenuated panobinostat-induced cell death of MCL cells. Compared with each agent alone, cotreatment with panobinostat increased bortezomib-induced expression of CHOP and NOXA, as well as increased bortezomib-induced UPR and apoptosis of cultured and primary MCL cells. Cotreatment with panobinostat also increased bortezomib-mediated in vivo tumor growth inhibition and improved survival of mice bearing human Z138C MCL cell xenograft.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that increased UPR and induction of CHOP are involved in enhanced anti-MCL activity of the combination of panobinostat and bortezomib. Clin Cancer Res; 16(19); 4742–54. ©2010 AACR.
Expected Monotonicity – A Desirable Property for Evidence Measures?
Authors: Hodge Susan E. , Vieland Veronica J.
Published: July 2010

We consider here the principle of ‘evidential consistency’ – that as one gathers more data, any well-behaved evidence measure should, in some sense, approach the true answer. Evidential consistency is essential for the genome-scan design (GWAS or linkage), where one selects the most promising locus(i) for follow-up, expecting that new data will increase evidence for the correct hypothesis. Earlier work [Vieland, Hum Hered 2006;61:144–156] showed that many popular statistics do not satisfy this principle; Vieland concluded that the problem stems from fundamental difficulties in how we measure evidence and argued for determining criteria to evaluate evidence measures. Here, we investigate in detail one proposed consistency criterion – expected monotonicity (ExpM) – for a simple statistical model (binomial) and four likelihood ratio (LR)-based evidence measures. We show that, with one limited exception, none of these measures displays ExpM; what they do display is sometimes counterintuitive. We conclude that ExpM is not a reasonable requirement for evidence measures; moreover, no requirement based on expected values seems feasible. We demonstrate certain desirable properties of the simple LR and demonstrate a connection between the simple and integrated LRs. We also consider an alternative version of consistency, which is satisfied by certain forms of the integrated LR and posterior probability of linkage.
Long-Term Vacuum-Assisted Closure in Open Abdomen due to Secondary Peritonitis: A Retrospective Evaluation of a Selected Group of Patients
Authors: Schmelzle Moritz , Alldinger Ingo , Matthaei Hanno , Aydin Feride , Wallert Ingo , Eisenberger Claus F. , Schulte am Esch, II Jan , Dizdar Levent , Topp Stefan A. , Yang Qin , Knoefel Wolfram T.
Published: July 2010

Background/Aims: Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) leads to a high fascial closure rate in open abdomen within the first week of treatment. However, little data exist on the role of long-term VAC treatment in patients with peritonitis, where fascial closure cannot be accomplished within the first days. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 49 patients with open abdomen for more than 7 days due to secondary peritonitis, who underwent a VAC-treatment. Nonparametric analysis was performed using χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: Fascial closure could be accomplished in only 11 patients (22%), whereas complications occurred in 43 patients (88%). Re-explorations after starting VAC were associated with the occurrence of enterocutaneous fistula (p < 0.001) and were also of prognostic value regarding the rate of fascial closure (p = 0.033). Conclusions: If fascial closure cannot be accomplished within the first days, patients show a dramatically lower fascial closure and an increased complication rate with VAC. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether this subgroup really benefits from VAC.
Association between Body Mass Index and Migraine
Authors: Téllez-Zenteno José F. , Pahwa Dave Rishi , Hernandez-Ronquillo Lizbeth , García-Ramos Guillermo , Velázquez Antonio
Published: July 2010

Objective: To explore the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with migraine. Background: Previous studies support the concept that obesity is an exacerbating factor for migraine. Also, some studies have found an increased frequency of obesity and overweight in migraine patients compared to the normal population. Methods: We studied 1,371 patients with migraine and 612 controls. The migraine population was matched by gender with a healthy control group. Results: Mean age of patients with migraine was 38.0 ± 13.3 years and in the controls it was 34.8 ± 12.1 years. The percentage of females in both groups was similar (migraine 81.6% vs. control 83.3%, p = 0.40). The distribution of body mass index (BMI) in migraine patients and controls was as follows: underweight patients (BMI <18.5) 3.1% migraine versus controls 1.5%; normal (BMI 18.5–24.9) 44.8% migraine versus controls 47.1%; overweight (BMI 25–29.9) 38.3% migraine versus controls 33.7%; obese (BMI 30–34.5) 10.3% migraine versus controls 13.6%; morbidly obese (BMI 35) 3.4% migraine versus controls 4.2%. Overweight and obesity in migraine patients versus controls were statistically significant. No association was found between the disability and severity of migraine and BMI. Conclusions: This study did not find associations between severity or disability of migraine and BMI.
Influence of Satiety and Subjective Valence Rating on Cerebral Activation Patterns in Response to Visual Stimulation with High-Calorie Stimuli among Restrictive Anorectic and Control Women
Authors: Gizewski Elke R. , Rosenberger Christina , de Greiff Armin , Moll Andrea , Senf Wolfgang , Wanke Isabel , Forsting Michael , Herpertz Stephan
Published: July 2010

Background: There is evidence that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) demonstrate specific cerebral activation patterns in response to visual food stimulation. We postulated that cerebral activation patterns could represent different perceptions of high-calorie images during hunger and satiety and could be determined by patients’ subjective ratings. Methods: After 6 h of starvation and also in a state of satiety, 12 female patients with AN and 12 normal-weight women were assessed by use of fMRI with high-calorie food images. All patients suffered from a restrictive type of AN. Heart rates, subjective ratings of satiety and valences of the visual stimuli were assessed. Results: Food stimuli presented during a state of hunger were associated with significant activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and insula in the control group and of the prefrontal and central cortices and insula in the AN group. During the hunger state activation in AN of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex was revealed compared to the controls. In the state of satiety, activation of the left insula was observed in the AN group. Use of the food valence judgment as a covariate confirmed the insula activation and revealed additional activation of the orbitofrontal, cingulate and medial temporal cortices. Conclusion: Our results indicate differences in cerebral activation patterns due to different perceptions of high-calorie food images, modulated by feelings of hunger or satiety, among AN patients with modulation by subjective ratings of food valence.
Predictive Value of Multislice Computed Tomography Variables of Atherosclerosis for Ischemia on Stress-Rest Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: van Velzen Joëlla E. , Schuijf Joanne D. , van Werkhoven Jacob M. , Herzog Bernhard A. , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Boersma Eric , de Graaf Fleur R. , Scholte Arthur J. , Kroft Lucia J. , de Roos Albert , Stokkel Marcel P. , Jukema J. Wouter , Kaufmann Philipp A. , van der Wall Ernst E. , Bax Jeroen J.
Published: July 2010

Background—

Previous studies have shown that the presence of stenosis alone on multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has a limited positive predictive value for the presence of ischemia on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). The purpose of this study was to assess which variables of atherosclerosis on MSCT angiography are related to ischemia on MPI.

Methods and Results—

Both MSCT and MPI were performed in 514 patients. On MSCT, the calcium score, degree of stenosis (≥50% and ≥70% stenosis), and plaque extent and location were determined. Plaque composition was classified as noncalcified, mixed, or calcified. Ischemia was defined as a summed difference score (≥2 on a per-patient basis. Ischemia was observed in 137 patients (27%). On a per-patient basis, multivariate analysis showed that the degree of stenosis (presence of (≥70% stenosis, odds ratio=3.5), plaque extent and composition (mixed plaques (≥3, odds ratio=1.7; calcified plaques ≥3, odds ratio=2.0), and location (atherosclerotic disease in the left main coronary artery and/or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, odds ratio=1.6) were independent predictors for ischemia on MPI. In addition, MSCT variables of atherosclerosis, such as plaque extent, composition, and location, had significant incremental value for the prediction of ischemia over the presence of ≥70% stenosis.

Conclusions—

In addition to the degree of stenosis, MSCT variables of atherosclerosis describing plaque extent, composition, and location are predictive of the presence of ischemia on MPI.
The Multiple Phases and Faces of Wnt Signaling During Cardiac Differentiation and Development
Authors: Gessert Susanne , Kühl Michael
Published: July 2010

Abstract
:

Understanding heart development on a molecular level is a prerequisite for uncovering the causes of congenital heart diseases. Therapeutic approaches that try to enhance cardiac regeneration or that involve the differentiation of resident cardiac progenitor cells or patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells will also benefit tremendously from this knowledge. Wnt proteins have been shown to play multiple roles during cardiac differentiation and development. They are extracellular growth factors that activate different intracellular signaling branches. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how these factors affect different aspects of cardiogenesis, starting from early specification of cardiac progenitors and continuing on to later developmental steps, such as morphogenetic processes, valve formation, and establishment of the conduction system.
HypE: An Algorithm for Fast Hypervolume-Based Many-Objective Optimization
Authors: Bader Johannes , Zitzler Eckart
Published: July 2010

In the field of evolutionary multi-criterion optimization, the hypervolume indicator is the only single set quality measure that is known to be strictly monotonic with regard to Pareto dominance: whenever a Pareto set approximation entirely dominates another one, then the indicator value of the dominant set will also be better. This property is of high interest and relevance for problems involving a large number of objective functions. However, the high computational effort required for hypervolume calculation has so far prevented the full exploitation of this indicator's potential; current hypervolume-based search algorithms are limited to problems with only a few objectives.

This paper addresses this issue and proposes a fast search algorithm that uses Monte Carlo simulation to approximate the exact hypervolume values. The main idea is not that the actual indicator values are important, but rather that the rankings of solutions induced by the hypervolume indicator. In detail, we present HypE, a hypervolume estimation algorithm for multi-objective optimization, by which the accuracy of the estimates and the available computing resources can be traded off; thereby, not only do many-objective problems become feasible with hypervolume-based search, but also the runtime can be flexibly adapted. Moreover, we show how the same principle can be used to statistically compare the outcomes of different multi-objective optimizers with respect to the hypervolume—so far, statistical testing has been restricted to scenarios with few objectives. The experimental results indicate that HypE is highly effective for many-objective problems in comparison to existing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.

HypE is available for download at http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/sop/download/supplementary/hype/ .
Disappointments and New Directions: Women, Partisanship, and the Regime in Yemen
Authors: Yadav Stacey Philbrick , Clark Janine A.
Published: July 2010

Young women activists in Yemen today often express a profound disappointment over the process of partisan competition, even as they continue to show a commitment to public service and civic engagement. This undoubtedly stems from nearly two decades of slowly receding rights, as the logic of multiparty competition has led political parties across the political spectrum to articulate an increasingly narrow set of views regarding the public roles of women and to allocate fewer resources to support their female members. This essay details the trajectory of these disappointments and shows how the interrelated processes of encroaching authoritarianism and cross-ideological opposition have come to position women as the objects of partisan debate, while simultaneously limiting their opportunities to directly shape Yemeni politics through partisan institutions. In response to a system that has valued their votes more than their voices, women have increasingly invested their energies in the associational sector, a choice that runs the risk of exacerbating some of the limits that they encounter under prevailing political conditions.
Toward an Understanding of Macrocognition in Teams: Predicting Processes in Complex Collaborative Contexts
Authors: Fiore Stephen M. , Rosen Michael A. , Smith-Jentsch Kimberly A. , Salas Eduardo , Letsky Michael , Warner Norman
Published: July 2010

Objective: This article presents a model for predicting complex collaborative processes as they arise in one-of-a-kind problem-solving situations to predict performance outcomes. The goal is to outline a set of key processes and their interrelationship and to describe how these can be used to predict collaboration processes embedded within problem-solving contexts. Background: Teams are increasingly called upon to address complex problem-solving tasks in novel situations. This represents a domain of performance that to date has been underrepresented in the research literature. Method: Multidisciplinary theoretical and empirical literature relating to knowledge work in teams is synthesized. Results: A set of propositions developed to guide research into how teams externalize cognition and build knowledge in service of problem solving is presented. First, a brief overview of macrocognition in teams is provided to distinguish the present work from other views of team cognition. Second, a description of the foundational theoretical concepts driving the theory of macrocognition in teams presented here is provided. Third, a set of propositions described within the context of a model of macrocognition in teams is forwarded. Conclusion: The theoretical framework described in this article provides a set of empirically testable propositions that can ultimately guide practitioners in efforts to support macrocognition in teams. Application: A theory of macrocognition in teams can provide guidance for the development of training interventions and the design of collaborative tools to facilitate knowledge-based performance in teams.
Perspectives: Examining Communication as Macrocognition in STS
Authors: Keyton Joann , Beck Stephenson J.
Published: July 2010

Objective: There are significant points of alignment between a macrocognitive frame of teamwork and a communication perspective. This commentary explores these touch points in regard to use of teams in sociotechnical systems (STS). Background: The macrocognitive framework emphasizes a team’s shared mental models whereas a communication frame emphasizes that shared meaning among team members is more frequently implicitly than explicitly recorded in their messages. Both acknowledge that communication (in macrocognition) or messages (in communication) serve as an index of team members’ goal-directed behavior. The two approaches differ in the role of communication: as information exchange in macrocognition as compared with verbal and nonverbal symbols composing messages for which senders and receivers co-construct meaning. Method: This commentary uses relevant literature to explicate the communication position. Results: From a communication perspective, individuals are simultaneously sending and receiving messages, communication is continual and processual, and meaning construction is dependent on relationship awareness and development among communication partners as well as the context. Conclusion: The authors posit that meaning cannot be constructed solely from messages, nor can meaning be constructed by one person. Furthermore, sharing information is not the same as communicating. Application: Architects and users of STS should be interested in designing systems that improve team communication—a goal that is interdependent with understanding how communication fails in the use of such systems. Drilling down to the fundamental properties of communication is essential to understanding how and why meaning is created among team members (and subsequent action).
Differential effects of empowering leadership on in-role and extra-role employee behaviors: Exploring the role of psychological empowerment and power values
Authors: Raub Steffen , Robert Christopher
Published: July 2010

In this research we examined the impact of empowering leadership behaviors (ELBs), psychological empowerment, and individual-level power values on a broad range of employee behaviors. Drawing on self-determination theory (Gagné and Deci, 2005), we hypothesized that ELBs would have direct effects on in-role and affiliative extra-role behaviors, but that the impact of ELBs on challenging extra-role behaviors would be mediated by psychological empowerment. Further, we hypothesized that individual-level power values (Schwartz, 1992) would moderate the mediated effect of ELBs on challenging behaviors. Responses to questionnaires from 541 employees and their supervisors were obtained from 16 hotel properties located in 11 Middle Eastern and Asian countries. Results supported our hypotheses of direct and mediated effects of ELBs on employee behaviors, and supported moderated mediation involving psychological empowerment and power values such that psychological empowerment was more strongly related to challenging behaviors for individuals low in power values.
Empowerment in supported employment research and practice: Is it relevant?
Authors: Bejerholm Ulrika , Björkman Tommy
Published: July 2010

Background: This cross-sectional study is aimed at describing and investigating empowerment and its relationships with level of engagement in daily activities and community life, experienced stigma, psychopathology, and quality of life among people with mental illness entering supported employment.

Method: The following scales were administered to 120 persons: Empowerment Scale, Profiles of Occupational Engagement Scale, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Scale, Rejection Experience Scale and Brief Psychiatric and Rating Scale.

Results: Higher scores of empowerment were associated with fewer symptoms and experienced stigma, a higher level of engagement in daily activities and community life, better quality of life and having work rehabilitation. Self-efficacy and self-esteem were in particular significantly correlated to depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics enveloped the group of participants that said ‘Yes I want to work’ with a somewhat high mean score for empowerment, level of engagement and quality of life, but a low mean score with regard to both symptoms and experienced stigma.

Conclusions: This study advocates the importance of evaluating empowerment in supported employment research and practice. The findings suggest the importance of taking into account not only monetary aspects of having a job but also social and psychological aspects such as empowerment, reduction in experienced stigma and community integration.
Identity Development in Cultural Transition: The Role of Need for Closure
Authors: Kashima Emiko S. , Pillai Dhanya
Published: July 2010

International sojourn provides individuals with an opportunity to form new personal ties and new social identities. This study examined the role of friendship ties and individual differences in need for cognitive closure (NCC) in the development of identification as international students among 140 Asian students in Australia. Evidence was found to suggest that high NCC students develop stronger identification with their new identity group. Perceived cohesiveness of international students as a group predicted stronger identification with international students only among high NCC students, as predicted. In contrast, having stronger international friendship ties predicted stronger identification only among low NCC students. Data also suggested that NCC tends to be higher for students from cultures low on Hofstede’s Uncertainty Avoidance Index and among students whose first language was not English. NCC plays a significant role in sojourners’ identity development during acculturation.
The Structural Organization of Human Values-Evidence from Three Rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS)
Authors: Bilsky Wolfgang , Janik Michael , Schwartz Shalom H.
Published: July 2010

Since 1987, a multitude of studies referring to the Schwartz (1992) structural model of human values have been published. Although most studies support this conceptual approach, few were based on representative samples. The implementation of the biennial European Social Survey (ESS) in 2002, which included responses from 71 representative national samples from 32 countries to a 21-item version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, provided data for assessing this model of human values.This article presents structural analyses of these data using a theory-based approach to multidimensional scaling that can be applied to optimally assess the fit of data to diverse theories. The analyses support the circular structure of basic values across countries and within countries across time. They also replicate two findings based on other samples, surveys, and methods of analysis: Deviations from the structure are fewer and the contrast between protection and growth values is sharper in more developed societies.
Does Experiential Avoidance Mediate the Effects of Maladaptive Coping Styles on Psychopathology and Mental Health?
Authors: Fledderus Martine , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. , Pieterse Marcel E.
Published: July 2010

Experiential avoidance (EA) is considered a risk factor for psychopathology.This study explores whether EA mediates the relationship between maladaptive coping styles (palliative, avoidance, and passive coping) and psychopathology and positive mental health. A total of 93 adults with mild to moderate psychological distress completed measures assessing coping styles, psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and alcohol use), and mental health (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Results showed that EA mediated the effects of passive coping on both increased anxiety and depression and decreased emotional and psychological well-being. These results suggest that a person who is prone to use EA or has learned EA in stressful situations has a higher risk of developing psychopathology and lower mental health.This indicates that early interventions that aim at people with high levels of EA are highly relevant.
The Spatiality and Cost of Language Identity
Authors: Mok Diana
Published: July 2010

The study uses Social Identity Theory as a framework to explain how language acts as a source of social identity and motivates individuals to sort themselves by residential location. To assess the validity of the framework, the study tests the hypotheses that group size, geography, and institutions matter in the preservation of language identity, using the 1991, 1996 and 2001 census data for urban Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, Canada. The study models a system of three simultaneous equations that describe changes in property values and mobility of language groups, accounting for the presence of spatial lag and spatial error. The study estimates the model by generalized spatial two-stage least squares (Kelejian and Prucha, 1998). The results of the study show that, while residential segregation by language could be a cognitive behaviour, people’s search for language identity within a social group is influenced by economic opportunities in terms of capital gains in properties; it is also affected by proximity to peers and by government policies favouring language-based activities.
Stress, Coping, and Well-Being in Military Spouses During Deployment Separation
Authors: Padden Diane L. , Connors Rebecca A. , Agazio Janice G.
Published: July 2010

This study examined the relationships between stress, coping, general well-being, and sociodemographic characteristics using Lazarus and Folkman’s theory of stress and coping. A descriptive correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 105 female spouses of currently deployed active duty military members. Instruments included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Jalowiec Coping Scale, and the RAND-36. Perceived stress was the best predictor of both mental and physical well-being, accounting for 51.7% and 25.4% of the variance, respectively. Evasive and optimistic coping contributed an additional 1.9 % and 4.3%, respectively, to the variance in mental well-being. Differences in coping use were found among rank groups, those who grew up in a military family, and those with a previous deployment separation. Nurses are in an ideal position to identify military spouses at risk and provide education on effective coping behaviors shown to positively affect well-being during deployment separation.
Relationships Among Nurses’ Professional Self-Concept, Health, and Lifestyles
Authors: Hensel Desiree
Published: July 2010

According to the American Nurses Association, the entire profession of nursing exists to serve and improve society’s health. Thus, to become a nurse, individuals must master a body of knowledge surrounding numerous health aspects. While acquiring the unique knowledge, skills, and values of their profession, nurses form perceptions of personal adequacy in their role, known as professional or nurse self-concept. Given the centrality of health to the profession, it would seem logical that nurses would personally value health and integrate core health behaviors into their professional self-concept and everyday lives. Yet the prevailing evidence leaves in question whether nurses associate their personal health and lifestyles with their professional roles. This article explores the relationships among nurse self-concept, health status, and healthy lifestyle practices in a sample of Midwestern nurses in an attempt to better understand if nurses who integrate healthy behaviors into their everyday lives feel a stronger sense of professional adequacy relative to nurses who do not.
Attitudes towards weight and weight assessment in oncology patients: survey of hospice staff and patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Watson Max , Coulter Simon , McLoughlin Caroline , Kelt Sara , Wilkinson Pauline , McPherson Alan , Wilson Richard , Eatock Martin
Published: July 2010

The objective of this study was to compare attitudes of hospice staff towards weight loss and weight assessment in the hospice setting with those of patients with advanced malignancy in the hospital outpatient setting. Two paper-based questionnaires (one for staff and one for patients) were designed. The staff survey was circulated to all hospices in the UK and Ireland, and the patient questionnaire was given to patients attending three oncological care clinics in Belfast, Northern Ireland; Wolverhampton, England; and Auckland, New Zealand. The staff survey was posted to the medical director of each of the 215 hospices in the UK and Ireland. A total of 129 oncology outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of malignancy and no longer receiving curative oncological interventions took part in the questionnaire. The main outcome measure was descriptive information about hospice weighing practices and attitudes of hospice staff towards weighing patients, and descriptive information was collected about patient attitudes to weighing and weight loss. We found that weighing practices vary across hospices in UK and Ireland. Patients attending the majority of hospices, 96/146 (66%), are rarely weighed. A little over half of hospice staff, 81/146 (56%) considered that weighing could cause patients to be upset. However, 124/129 (96%) of patients with advanced cancer reported that they had never found the experience of being weighed in a healthcare facility upsetting. Some 95/129 (74%) of patients weighed themselves at home and 89% would want to know if their weight was changing. While there is reluctance on the part of many hospice staff to weigh patients, most patients with advanced malignancy in the hospital setting do not report weight measurement to be upsetting.
Effectiveness of manual therapy for chronic tension-type headache: A pragmatic, randomised, clinical trial
Authors: Castien René F , van der Windt Daniëlle AWM , Grooten Anneke , Dekker Joost
Published: July 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy (MT) in participants with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH).

Subjects and Methods: We conducted a multicentre, pragmatic, randomised, clinical trial with partly blinded outcome assessment. Eighty-two participants with CTTH were randomly assigned to MT or to usual care by the general practitioner (GP). Primary outcome measures were frequency of headache and use of medication. Secondary outcome measures were severity of headache, disability and cervical function.

Results: After 8 weeks ( n = 80) and 26 weeks ( n = 75), a significantly larger reduction of headache frequency was found for the MT group (mean difference at 8 weeks, −6.4 days; 95% CI −8.3 to −4.5; effect size, 1.6). Disability and cervical function showed significant differences in favour of the MT group at 8 weeks but were not significantly different at 26 weeks.

Conclusions: Manual therapy is more effective than usual GP care in the short- and longer term in reducing symptoms of CTTH. Dutch Trial Registration no. TR 1074.
Novel Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 1 Gene Mutation Associated With Congenital Insensitivity to Pain With Anhidrosis
Authors: Lin Yi-Pei , Su Yi-Ning , Weng Wen-Chin , Lee Wang-Tso
Published: July 2010

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor and nerve growth factor, as reported in previous studies. This report is of a 6-month-old male infant with typical symptoms and signs of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. He had a homozygous insertion mutation with c.2086_2087 ins C of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1) gene with both parents as heterozygous carriers. This mutation may have a strong relation to hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV Taiwanese patients. This is the youngest reported patient in Taiwan and first reported with congenital insensitivity to pain with mutation of NTRK1 gene inherited from the parents. Early diagnosis may provide appropriate medical care and education for these children and their families for better prognosis.