bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ascertainment Bias on Estimates of Patient Mortality in Inherited Cardiac Diseases
Authors: Nannenberg Eline A. , van Rijsingen Ingrid A.W. , van der Zwaag Paul A. , van den Berg Maarten P. , van Tintelen J. Peter , Tanck Michael W.T. , Ackerman Michael J. , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Christiaans Imke
Published: October 2018

Background:

Accurate estimates of survival are indispensable for cardiologists, clinical geneticists, and genetic counselors dealing with families with an inherited cardiac disease. However, a bias towards a more severe disease with a worse outcome in the first publications may not accurately represent the actual survival forecast. We, therefore, evaluated the effect of ascertainment bias on survival in 3 different inherited cardiac diseases (idiopathic ventricular fibrillation,
SCN5A
overlap syndrome, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy) caused by a founder mutation.

Methods:

We collected mortality data from mutation-positive subjects with either
DPP6
-associated idiopathic ventricular fibrillation,
SCN5A
overlap syndrome, and
PLN
-R14del-mediated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy >2 to 10 years of ongoing clinical/cascade genetic screening.

Results:

The median age of survival in
DPP6
mutation-positive subjects increased from 44.6 years in the original cohort from 2008 (n=60; 95% CI, 36.8–52.4 years) to 68.2 years in the extended cohort from 2012 (n=235; 95% CI, 64.6–71.7 years;
P
<0.001). In the
SCN5A
overlap syndrome, survival increased from 56.1 years in 1999 (n=86; 95% CI, 48.0–64.2 years) to 69.7 years in 2009 (n=197; 95% CI, 61.3–78.2 years;
P
=0.049). In
PLN
-R14del positive patients, the median age of survival increased from 63.5 years in 2010 (n=89; 95% CI, 59.1–68.0 years) to 65.2 years in 2012 (n=370; 95% CI, 62.0–68.3 years;
P
=0.046).

Conclusions:

The median age of survival in 3 different inherited cardiac diseases with an established pathogenic substrate significantly increased once genetic testing and cascade screening extended, after the first publication that elucidated the discovery of the disease-susceptibility gene/mutation. This underscores the direct and negative influence of ascertainment bias on survival forecasts and the importance of ongoing clinical/genetic follow-up to establish the most accurate disease prognosis for genetically mediated heart diseases.
Use of Oral Anticoagulation in Eligible Patients Discharged With Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Luo Nancy , Xu Haolin , Jneid Hani , Fonarow Gregg C. , Lopes Renato D. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Curtis Anne B. , Russo Andrea M. , Lewis William R. , Matsouaka Roland A. , Granger Christopher B. , Mentz Robert J. , Al-Khatib Sana M.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) in the era of direct oral anticoagulants is not well characterized. Using data from American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines–AFIB, we sought to evaluate oral anticoagulation (OAC) use at discharge among AF patients with concomitant HF.

Methods and Results:

AF patients with a diagnosis of HF hospitalized from January 2013 to March 2017 were included. We compared patient characteristics and use of OAC at discharge among patients with reduced (redundant ejection fraction [EF], EF≤40%), borderline (40%<EF<50%), and preserved (EF≥50%) EF using multivariable mixed logistic regression models. Among 10 883 patients with AF and HF, 1790 (16.4%) had a reported contraindication to anticoagulation and were excluded from further analysis. Among 9093 patients eligible for OAC, 3499 (38.5%) had HF with reduced EF, 1062 (11.7%) had HF with borderline EF, and 4532 (49.8%) had HF with preserved EF. The median CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score was 5 (Q1, Q3; 3, 6) among all patients and higher among those with HF with preserved EF than HF with reduced EF (5 [4, 6] versus 4 [3, 5];
P
<0.0001). The proportion of eligible patients discharged on OAC was 94.9%, with 43.6% discharged on warfarin and 50.7% discharged on direct oral anticoagulants. A higher proportion of patients with HF with reduced EF and HF with borderline EF were discharged on direct oral anticoagulants than with HF with preserved EF, but the difference was small (52.8%, 53.1% versus 48.5%, respectively;
P
=0.0002). EF group was not significantly associated with a patient’s OAC use at discharge.

Conclusions:

In the context of American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines–AFIB, a quality improvement program, the rate of use of OAC at discharge in eligible AF patients with HF was almost 95%. To our knowledge, these rates represent some of the highest use of appropriate anticoagulation for patients in a national registry to date.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in Patients With Previous Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Cheung Anson , Webb John , Schaefer Ulrich , Moss Robert , Deuschl Florian G. , Conradi Lenard , Denti Paolo , Latib Azeem , Kiaii Bob , Bagur Rodrigo , Ferrari Enrico , Moccetti Marco , Biasco Luigi , Blanke Philippe , Ben-Gal Yanai , Banai Shmuel
Published: October 2018

Background:

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) may mature to become a therapeutic option for high-risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR), particularly in patients at high or prohibitive surgical risk. MR patients with preexisting aortic valve prosthesis have been excluded from most TMVR trials because of the potential risks of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or interaction between the TMVR anchoring mechanism and the aortic prosthesis. We describe the procedural and short-term outcomes of transapical TMVR with the Tiara valve in patients experiencing severe symptomatic MR with previous aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods and Results:

Twelve consecutive high surgical risk patients (11 men; mean age, 75±6 years) with aortic valve prosthesis and severe MR underwent TMVR with Tiara valve. Aortic valves were mechanical in 5 and biological in 7 patients, while 1 patient had previously undergone implantation of a transcatheter valve within a failed bioprosthetic surgical valve. Six patients (50%) had undergone redo surgical aortic valve replacement. Clinical characteristics of the group include prior mitral valve repair in 2, prior coronary bypass grafting surgery in 5, chronic atrial fibrillation in 7, renal failure in 9, and pacemaker/cardiac resynchronization device in 9 patients. Mean Society of Thoracic Surgery score and EuroSCORE II were 10.5±4.4 and 12.4±3.7, respectively. Mean baseline left ventricular ejection fraction was 35.5±5.3% (range, 30%–45%). The Tiara valve was implanted uneventfully in all patients. Device migration or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was not observed. No patient required conversion to open heart surgery or periprocedural hemodynamic support. Procedural success was 100% with no death, MI, stroke, major bleeding, or access site complications at 30 days. MR was eliminated in all 12 patients immediately after implantation.

Conclusions:

Transapical mitral valve replacement with the Tiara valve in high-risk patients with severe MR and aortic valve prostheses is technically feasible and can be performed safely.
Seinura caverna n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae), an androdioecious species isolated from bat guano in a calcareous cave
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ekino Taisuke , Masuya Hayato
Published: October 2018

A new species of a predator aphelenchoidid,Seinura cavernan. sp., is described and illustrated. The new species was isolated from bat guano collected from a calcareous cave in Japan. The new species is characterised by its three-lined lateral field, secretory-excretory pore at the level of the posterior two-thirds of the metacorpus, a long post-uterine sac, hermaphrodite tail shape elongate conoid with a filiform tip, and an androdioecious reproductive mode. The new species is typologically and biologically close toS. steineri, but is distinguished by its longer post-uterine sac, slightly longer stylet and slightly larger median bulb. The comparisons with other morphologically similar species,i.e.,S. chertkovi,S. tenuicaudataandS. steineri, are discussed. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on two small and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes revealed that the new species is located at the basal position of clade 3 of the Aphelenchoididae, clearly separate fromS. demani, its congener with unclear rectum and anus, which is located at the derived position, suggesting that further generic revision is necessary for the genus.Aphelenchoides liin. comb. (=Seinura lii) is proposed.
Seeking an Audience in the Underworld and the Question of the Han Juridical Soul
Authors: Harkness Ethan
Published: October 2018

By considering the Kongjiapo gaodishu (“notice to the underworld”) document of 142 B.C.E. in conjunction with the rishu (“daybook”) manuscript from the same tomb and other examples of gaodishu, this article highlights the function gaodishu served to aid the deceased with meeting important figures in a bureaucratized conception of the underworld. Questions are raised about Han burial practices and contemporaneous social institutions such as chattel slavery.
From “Clothing Strips” to Clothing Lists: Tomb Inventories and Western Han Funerary Ritual
Authors: Tian Tian
Published: October 2018

“Clothing strips” refers to those sections of tomb inventories written on bamboo and wooden slips from the early and middle Western Han that record clothing items. The distinctive characteristics of the writing, check markings, and placement in the tomb of these clothing strips reflect funerary burial conventions of that period. “Clothing lists” from the latter part of the Western Han period are directly related to these clothing strips. Differences in format between these two types of documents are the result of changes in funerary ritual during the Western Han period.
Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq

Authors: AL-HANDAL ADIL Y. , THOMAS EVAN W. , PENNESI CHIARA
Published: October 2018

The recent discovery of coral reefs off Basra, Southern Iraq, have prompted the investigation of marine benthic assemblages in this unexplored ecosystem. These corals are thriving in an environment with conditions not usually considered typical for reefs, such as increased turbidity, temperature fluctuation, and currents. This study documents 96 diatom taxa belonging to 33 genera, 18 of which were not previously known from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf including six taxa of Amphora and five of Campylodiscus. The most common genera were Amphora with 17 taxa, Nitzschia with 10 taxa, and Navicula with nine taxa. Most notably is the very rare occurrence of Mastogloia, which has been previously documented as speciose in coral reef habitats. Similarly, araphid and monoraphid species were uncommon in these diatom communities. The large species of the epipelic diatom Trachyneis are well represented and appeared commonly in all samples examined.
Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: BROWER ANDREW V. Z.
Published: October 2018

Mallet et al. (2007 BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 28) employed a database of putative interspecific hybrid specimens of the genus Heliconius to advance a hypothesis of "the species boundary as a continuum." Here, each of those specimens, as well as subsequently documented specimens, is individually reassessed regarding its phenotype, potential parentage and chain of custody in collections. Using a quantified scale of reliability, most of the specimens are interpreted differently than Mallet et al.'s identifications, and the actual number of interspecific hybrids is estimated to be much smaller than they proposed. To be specific, of 163 putative hybrid specimens examined, 11% suffered from ambiguous identity, 5% from confounding issues with their data labels, 50% were arguably intraspecific (depending upon alternative species concepts), and 22% were almost certainly reared, commercial specimens. Only eleven of the specimens meet the criteria established here to be legitimate and reliable interspecific hybrids, and all of those are between closely-related species. This result has potentially important implications for current hypotheses of frequent genomic introgression of wing pattern alleles among Heliconius clades.
Hanging on to the Edges
Authors: Nettle Daniel
Published: October 2018

What does it mean to be a scientist working today; specifically, a scientist whose subject matter is human life? Scientists often overstate their claim to certainty, sorting the world into categorical distinctions that obstruct rather than clarify its complexities. In this book Daniel Nettle urges the reader to unpick such distinctions—biological versus social sciences, mind versus body, and nature versus nurture—and look instead for the for puzzles and anomalies, the points of connection and overlap. These essays, converted from often humorous, sometimes autobiographical blog posts, form an extended meditation on the possibilities and frustrations of the life scientific. Pragmatically arguing from the intersection between social and biological sciences, Nettle reappraises the virtues of policy initiatives such as Universal Basic Income and income redistribution, highlighting the traps researchers and politicians are liable to encounter. This provocative, intelligent and self-critical volume is a testament to the possibilities of interdisciplinary study—whose virtues Nettle stridently defends—drawing from and having implications for a wide cross-section of academic inquiry. This will appeal to anybody curious about the implications of social and biological sciences for increasingly topical political concerns. It comes particularly recommended to Sciences and Social Sciences students and to scholars seeking to extend the scope of their field in collaboration with other disciplines.
Topographic Influence on Baroclinic Instability and the Mesoscale Eddy Field in the Northern North Atlantic Ocean and the Nordic Seas
Authors: Trodahl Marta , Isachsen Pål Erik
Published: October 2018

A weak planetary vorticity gradient and weak density stratification in the northern North Atlantic and Nordic seas lead to time-mean currents that are strongly guided by bottom topography. The topographic steering sets up distinct boundary currents with strong property fronts that are prone to both baroclinic and barotropic instability. These instability processes generate a macroturbulent eddy field that spreads buoyancy and other tracers out from the boundary currents and into the deep basins. In this paper we investigate the particular role played by baroclinic instability in generating the observed eddy field, comparing predictions from linear stability calculations with diagnostics from a nonlinear eddy-permitting ocean model hindcast. We also look into how the bottom topography impacts instability itself. The calculations suggest that baroclinic instability is a consistent source of the eddy field but that topographic potential vorticity gradients impact unstable growth significantly. We also observe systematic topographic effects on finite-amplitude eddy characteristics, including a general suppression of length scales over the continental slopes. Investigation of the vertical structure of unstable modes reveal that Eady theory, even when modified to account for a bottom slope, is unfit as a lowest-order model for the dynamics taking place in these ocean regions.
Cloud Trails past Bermuda: A Five-Year Climatology from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Johnston Michael C. , Holloway Christopher E. , Plant Robert S.
Published: October 2018

Cloud trails are primarily thermally forced bands of cloud that extend downwind of small islands. A novel algorithm to classify conventional geostationary visible-channel satellite images as cloud trail (CT), nontrail (NT), or obscured (OB) is defined. The algorithm is then applied to the warm season months of five years at Bermuda comprising 16 400 images. Bermuda’s low elevation and location make this island ideal for isolating the role of the island thermal contrast on CT formation. CTs are found to occur at Bermuda with an annual cycle, peaking in July, and a diurnal cycle that peaks in midafternoon. Composites of radiosonde observations and ERA-Interim data suggest that a warm and humid low-level environment is conducive for CT development. From a Lagrangian perspective, wind direction modulates CT formation by maximizing low-level heating on local scales when winds are parallel to the long axis of the island. On larger scales, low-level wind direction also controls low-level humidity through advection.
Screening for depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and finding borderline personality disorder
Authors: Judd Fiona , Lorimer Stephanie , Thomson Richard H , Hay Angela
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The aim of the study was to explore the range of psychiatric diagnoses seen in pregnant women who score above the ‘cut-off’ on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale when this is used as a routine screening instrument in the antenatal period.

Method:

Subjects were all pregnant women referred to and seen by the Perinatal Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Team of a tertiary public hospital over a 14-month period. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score at maternity ‘booking-in’ visit, demographic and clinical data were recorded and diagnoses were made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria following clinical interview(s) and review of documented past history. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

A total of 200 patients who had completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were seen for assessment; 86 (43%) scored ⩾13 on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Of those scoring 13 or more on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 22 (25.6%) had a depressive disorder. In total, 12 patients (14%) had an anxiety disorder, 14 (16.3%) had borderline personality disorder and 13 (15.1%) had a substance use disorder. An additional 23 women (26.7%) had two or more borderline personality traits.

Conclusion:

Psychiatric assessment of women who scored 13 or more on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at routine antenatal screening identified a significant number with borderline personality disorder or borderline personality traits rather than depressive or anxiety disorders. Clinical Practice Guidelines note the importance of further assessment for all women who score 13 or more on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The findings here suggest that this assessment should be made by a clinician able to identify personality pathology and organise appropriate and timely interventions.
Antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia in China and Japan
Authors: Qiu Hong , He Yong , Zhang Yongjing , He Minfu , Liu Jin , Chi Rui , Si Tianmei , Wang Huaning , Dong Wentian
Published: October 2018

Background:

Although antipsychotic monotherapy is recommended as the main treatment for schizophrenia, antipsychotic polypharmacy is not rare in practice. However, longitudinal data on antipsychotic polypharmacy in schizophrenia treatment are limited.

Methods:

This longitudinal database study described antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia in real-world settings in China and Japan. We retrieved information about antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia from January 2010 to December 2014 from two hospital Electronic Medical Records databases in China and one claims database, Japan Medical Data Centre in Japan. Eligible patients had a diagnosis of schizophrenia (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision F20.x) and at least one prescription for first or second generation antipsychotics. Antipsychotic polypharmacy was defined as having more than one antipsychotic medication overlapping for ⩾60 days. The Japan Medical Data Centre study cohort was further stratified by employees (insurance beneficiaries) and their dependents.

Results:

The study cohorts comprised 11,961 patients from China and 25,034 (10,661 employee sub-cohort and 14,373 dependent sub-cohort) from 14 days Japan Medical Data Centre in Japan. Most patients were prescribed monotherapy (87.3% in China and 80.1% in Japan), of which oral second-generation antipsychotics were the majority (78.9% in China and 65.8% in Japan). The prevalence rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy was 12.7% in China and 19.9% in Japan (13.7% in employees vs 24.5% in dependents). The most common combinations were two oral antipsychotics. Combinations of more than two drugs were uncommon in China (0.3%) but were prescribed for 5.3% of patients in Japan. Among patients treated with monotherapy, 12.6/100 person-years (11.8%) in China and 9.6/100 person-years (11.0%) in Japan switched to antipsychotic polypharmacy during follow-up. Younger patients were more likely to switch to antipsychotic polypharmacy than older patents in all study cohorts.

Conclusion:

The observed rates of antipsychotic polypharmacy ranged from 12.7% in China to 19.9% in Japan. Switching from monotherapy to antipsychotic polypharmacy was most likely to occur in younger patients with schizophrenia.
Quality of Life and Symptom Burden 1 Month After Concussion in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Howell David R. , Wilson Julie C. , Kirkwood Michael W. , Grubenhoff Joseph A.
Published: October 2018

We conducted a prospective study of children and adolescents (n = 176; mean age = 13.0 ±2.7 years; 38% female) assessed acutely post-concussion and again 30 days later. We investigated the association between symptom burden and quality of life (QOL) outcomes, as well as the effect of age on QOL. We assessed QOL using patient-reported Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0, and symptoms using the Health and Behavior Inventory (HBI). Acute (<2 days post-injury) HBI ratings demonstrated a low correlation ( R2 = 0.08) with physical health QOL and a moderate correlation with psychosocial health QOL ( R2 = 0.21) 30 days post-concussion. HBI ratings 30 days post-concussion demonstrated a moderately high correlation with physical health QOL ( R2 = 0.35) and psychosocial health QOL ( R2 = 0.57). Age was not significantly associated with physical or psychosocial QOL ratings. Impairments in QOL following concussion may identify children and adolescents who need additional referral to address persistent symptoms at this time.
Does Selective Sales Force Training Work?
Authors: Atefi Yashar , Ahearne Michael , Maxham James G. , Donavan D. Todd , Carlson Brad D.
Published: October 2018

Companies spend billions of dollars annually on sales force training, often carried out as off-site, multiday training events. However, the numerous challenges involved in training an entire sales group force many retailers to selectively train only a subset of their salespeople. It is crucial to know when selective training can be more effective and what composition of salespeople should be trained to benefit the entire group. This study addresses these questions using data from several stores of a retailer with different sales force training policies (full, selective, and no training [control]). The authors track the degree to which salespeople applied a customer relationship—building strategy taught in the training, along with more than 30 store- and salesperson-level covariates, and perform various analyses to correct for selection issues. They find that (1) selective training can be highly effective in stores with low performance diversity, (2) training salespeople with diverse tenures helps the spillover of training to the untrained, and (3) untrained salespeople with performance that is similar to the trained group are more likely to adopt the training-related behavior.
Religion as experience: Dialogue with John Dewey
Authors: Lamine Anne-Sophie
Published: October 2018

This article discusses John Dewey’s (1859–1952): Theory of valuation (1939), Art as experience (1934), A common faith (1934), The public and its problems (1927) for the socio-anthropological analysis of the religious. This pragmatist approach, attentive to intersubjectivity and experience, allows to work on aspirations and ideals, through giving place to emotions besides rationality in the valuation process. Further, the idea of public and pre-political, permits to pay attention to processes which are different from differentiation and where people contribute to the common good from their specific (minority) situation. In a pragmatist approach, believing comes in three modalities as ‘caring about,’ in the sense of giving value to forms of experiences and self-construction, respectively, to forms of self-transcendence, and to ways of connecting with the world (others and nature).
“Were There Any Black People in Johnstown?” An Investigation of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Service of Supporting Disciplinary Literacy Learning in History
Authors: Kucan Linda , Cho Byeong-Young
Published: October 2018

This case study describes how culturally relevant pedagogy can be used in disciplinary rigorous ways in an urban middle school history classroom. The focus is on a unit about the Johnstown Flood of 1889, which provided a setting for teaching about the event as well as the historical thinking practices of contextualizing, sourcing, and corroborating. The teacher supported students’ cultural and academic competence for learning both historical content and historical thinking about that content by capitalizing on their funds of knowledge, making use of accessible cultural referents, and sharing personal narratives.
A structural-relational analysis of party dynamics in proxy wars
Authors: Rauta Vladimir
Published: October 2018

Proxy wars are still under-represented in conflict research and a key cause for this is the lack of conceptual and terminological care. This article seeks to demonstrate that minimising terminological diffusion increases overall analytical stability by maximising conceptual rigour. The argument opens with a discussion on the terminological ambivalence resulting from the haphazard employment of labels referencing the parties involved in proxy wars. Here, the article introduces an analytical framework with a two-fold aim: to reduce label heterogeneity, and to argue in favour of understanding proxy war dynamics as overlapping dyads between a Beneficiary, a Proxy, and a Target. This is then applied to the issues of defining and theorising party dynamics in proxy wars. It does so by providing a structural-relational analysis of the interactions between the above-mentioned parties based on strategic interaction. It presents a tentative explanation of the proxy relationship by correlating the Beneficiary’s goal towards the Target with the Proxy’s preference for the Beneficiary. In adding the goal-preference relational heuristic, the article advances the recent focus on strategic interaction with a novel variant to explanations based on interest, power, cost–benefit considerations or ideology.
Laboratory of domesticity: Gender, race, and science at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, 1903–30
Authors: Tonn Jenna
Published: October 2018

During the early twentieth century, the Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR) functioned as a multipurpose scientific site. Jointly founded by New York University, Harvard University, and the Bermuda Natural History Society, the BBSR created opportunities for a mostly US-based set of practitioners to study animal biology in the field. I argue that mixed gender field stations like the BBSR supported professional advancement in science, while also operating as important places for women and men to experiment with the social and cultural work of identity formation, courtship and marriage, and social critique. Between 1903 and 1930, the BBSR functioned as a laboratory of domesticity, a temporary scientific household in British Bermuda where women and men interacted with established colonial ideologies about science, sex difference, and racial hierarchy in their public and private accounts of doing biology and socializing in the field. Viewing field stations as generative of multiple forms of labor offers a corrective to narratives within the history of biology, in which scientific practices are considered to be the principal forms of output produced by practitioners in the field. Understanding how women and men at the BBSR engaged with (and at times critiqued) the politics of gender and race from the periphery of U.S. networks of biology suggests that we might view field stations as shaping not only academic science but also domestic life and fields as disparate as fiction and the law.
Assessing Impulsivity in Chinese: Elaborating Validity of BIS Among Male Prisoners
Authors: Wang Meng-Cheng , Deng Qiaowen , Shou Yiyun , Lai Hongyu , Deng Jiaxin , Gao Yu , Li Zhihua
Published: October 2018

This study was carried out to test the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Version 11 (BIS-11), and its short versions (the eight-item and 15-item BIS) in a sample of 424 Chinese male prisoners ( M = 31.26, SD = 7.43, age = 18-52 years). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFAs) indicated that the single-factor model of BIS with eight items (BIS-8) and the three-factor model of BIS with 15 items (BIS-15) fit the data well. In addition, the item response theory (IRT) approach confirmed the construct and items for the BIS-8 with good discrimination, threshold parameters, and test information curve. Correlations with psychopathic traits, antisocial personality disorder, and aggression suggested that the performance of the eight-item BIS was comparable with that of the original 30-item BIS in measuring general impulsivity.
Emotion regulation during adolescence: Antecedent or outcome of depressive symptomology?
Authors: De France Kalee , Lennarz Hannah , Kindt Karlijn , Hollenstein Tom
Published: October 2018

Consistently, moderate to strong correlations between emotion regulation and depressive symptomology are well documented. This relationship is most often conceptualized as unidirectional, in that poor emotion regulation acts as a pre-existing risk factor for depressive symptomatology. However, explicit examinations of the direction of this relationship have been limited, and support for a directional relation between emotion regulation and psychopathology has been inconsistent. Moreover, the majority of the research exploring these associations relies on adult participants and the studies that have examined emotion regulation and depression in adolescents have relied almost exclusively on cross-sectional data. As a replication and extension of work that has been done by others, the current study assessed Suppression and Reappraisal use and Depressive Symptoms in 1343 adolescents (Mean age = 12.9 years, SD = 0.85) who completed assessments of emotion regulation and depressive symptoms four times over two years. Results indicated that only Suppression but not Reappraisal was concurrently correlated with Depressive Symptoms. Moreover, a correlated slopes analysis showed that within-subject changes in use of Suppression, but not Reappraisal, were associated with within-subject changes in Depressive Symptoms over time. Finally, a cross-lag panel analysis showed that while Depressive Symptoms were predictive of future Suppression use, Suppression use did not predict later Depressive Symptoms. Therefore, while Suppression and Depressive Symptoms seem to be associated during adolescence, associations between reappraisal and depressive symptomology were not present in the current study. Moreover, despite previous evidence supporting emotion regulation as a risk factor for depression, suppression may be the outcome, rather than the antecedent, of depressive symptoms during adolescence.
Vulnerability of Latin American Migrant Families Headed by Women in Spain During the Great Recession: A Couple-Level Analysis
Authors: Bueno Xiana , Vidal-Coso Elena
Published: October 2018

One of the outcomes of the Great Recession has been the emerging pattern of households maintained exclusively by women. The analysis of intracouple characteristics is crucial in the context of job segregation by gender and by immigrant origin, such as in Spain. Using the panel version of the Spanish Labor Force Survey from 2008 to 2015, we analyze the transition of dual-earner couples to female-earner couples among Latin American and Spanish-born households. Our results suggest that migrant vulnerability is not only a consequence of a segregated labor market by gender and origin but is also the result of the partners’ relative occupational and family characteristics. We show that, unlike Spanish-born couples, the risk of Latin American families becoming female-headed is higher for those couples in which the female partner has the weakest position in the occupational scale and for those with children in the household.
Shifting priorities apparent in Middle and Late Woodland ceramics from Nova Scotia
Authors: Woolsey Cora A
Published: October 2018

In the Maine–Maritimes Region, the Late Woodland (1350–500 BP) Period is thought to have been accompanied by a decrease in ceramic quality because of less-skilled potters. Although ceramics made during the Late Woodland tend to physically degrade easier than earlier ceramics because of coarser pastes and less well-joined coils, the reasons for the change in manufacturing practices have not been explored. Using the ceramic assemblage from the Gaspereau Lake Reservoir Site Complex in King’s County, Nova Scotia, Canada, this study used simple statistical techniques to suggest that potters increasingly used more expedient manufacture through time. These practices would have enabled potters to turn out pots under tighter deadlines to support large-scale gatherings that probably became more prevalent during the Late Woodland Period.
The differential impact of societal cultural practices on part-time and full-time self-employment: A multi-level, multi-country study
Authors: Block Joern , Landgraf Andreas , Semrau Thorsten
Published: October 2018

This article illustrates the differential impact of societal culture on the probability that individuals will choose to become self-employed on a full- or part-time basis. Specifically, we develop theoretical arguments to suggest that societal-level uncertainty avoidance, institutional collectivism, performance orientation, and future orientation differ in their effects on the propensity for individuals to engage in full- or part-time self-employment. Multi-level analyses based on data from 28,157 individuals in 27 countries support our theoretical reasoning. Our study contributes to extending knowledge both on the link between societal culture and self-employment activity and on the drivers of full-time versus part-time self-employment.
Participant Evaluation of Twelve-Step Group Linkage for Jailed Women With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Schonbrun Yael Chatav , Kurth Megan , Johnson Jennifer , Timko Christine , Stein Michael
Published: October 2018

Jailed women are an underserved population with elevated rates of alcohol use disorders. Brief jail stays make delivery of case management and traditional alcohol treatment impractical yet women face significant reentry challenges with few help resources. Accounting for these challenges, linking jailed women with a twelve-step program volunteer for a one-on-one meeting has been hypothesized to provide a means of support that can transition with women after jail discharge. In-jail meetings are theoretically consistent with the common twelve-step practice of conducting twelve-step calls. The acceptability and content of a one-on-one, in-jail meeting with a twelve-step volunteer were explored using qualitative data collected through interviews with 72 women directly following their in-jail volunteer meeting. Participants found the meeting to be acceptable and to contain many useful elements, and content was in line with the standard twelve-step calls. Findings are encouraging both for the potential utility of the intervention and for dissemination of similar linkage approaches.
Field Evaluation of Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication-Based Eco-Driving Guidance and Eco-Signal System
Authors: Ko Byungjin , Cui Lian , Choi Saerona , Park Byungkyu Brian , Ryu Seunghan
Published: October 2018

In urban areas, the main factor causing excessive fuel consumption is stop-and-go, which is prevalent at urban intersections. To decrease fuel consumption at the intersections, various methods have been proposed and evaluated using simulation models and driving simulators. However, it is not known how reliable the driving simulator results would be when compared with those of the field test. In this paper, eco-driving guidance and eco-signal system based on vehicle-to-infrastructure communication are developed and tested in the field in a multi-vehicle environment. They were also tested using a driving simulator and the results were compared with those of the field test. This was intended to assess the reliability of driving simulator-based study. The field test results at an isolated intersection indicated that the eco-driving guidance could save the fuel consumption around 20%–40% and the eco-signal system could reduce the fuel consumption up to 45%. Although the absolute fuel consumptions between the driving simulator test and the field test did not match, the results from both tests confirmed better performance with eco-driving guidance and eco-signal system when compared with the base scenarios. This indicates that a driving simulator is an effective tool for assessing relative benefits of eco-driving guidance and eco-signal system.
Multiple Factors Associated With Child Abuse Perpetration: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Chang Cheng-Chen , Hsieh Ming-Hong , Chiou Jeng-Yuan , Huang Hsiang-Hsiung , Ju Po-Chung , Wang Jong-Yi
Published: October 2018

Differences in child abuse perpetration between individuals with and without mental disorders remain obscure. This study compared the risk difference and further investigated the association between the category of mental disorders and child abuse perpetration. A total of 681,970 adults from the 2002 to 2013 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed, including 340,985 patients with psychiatric disorders (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] codes 290.x–319.x) and 340,985 sex- and age-matched individuals without psychiatric disorders. Child abuse perpetration (ICD-9-CM N-codes 995.5x and E-code E967) was the outcome variable. Matched analyses indicated that the risk of child abuse among patients with psychiatric disorders (0.25%) was significantly higher than that among those without psychiatric disorders (0.16%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.464, p < .0001). Among the six categories of mental disorders, the prevalence rates of committing child abuse were significantly higher for personality disorders, substance use, and affective disorders (0.56%, 0.45%, and 0.40%, respectively; p < .0001). Compared with anxiety disorders, substance use disorders were significantly associated with higher odds of child abuse perpetration (OR = 2.032, p < .05), especially physical abuse (OR = 2.018, p < .0001). Psychiatric morbidity was associated with higher odds of child abuse, with substance use determined as the major risk category. Screening high-risk families by using the associated factors is crucial.
Is It Love or Is It Control? Assessing Warning Signs of Dating Violence
Authors: Kearney Monica S. , O’Brien Karen M.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the Relationship Red Flags Scale, a measure of ability to recognize warning signs of dating violence. The factor structure and psychometric properties of this measure were tested with independent samples of college women and men, and test–retest reliability was assessed with college women. Specifically, our first study examined the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Relationship Red Flags measure with a sample of 433 undergraduate women. Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a 25-item five-factor structure (i.e., Monitoring Behaviors, Controlling Behaviors, Demeaning Behaviors, Threatening and Aggressive Behaviors, and Jealous and Possessive Behaviors). Internal consistency reliability was adequate and the validity of the measure was supported for use with college women (negative correlations were found among measures of warning signs and acceptance of dating violence). Our second study replicated these findings with an independent sample of 330 college men. Finally, a third investigation found that the measure demonstrated adequate test–retest reliability with an independent sample of 47 college women.
Situational Crime Prevention and Terrorism: An Assessment of 10 Years of Research
Authors: Freilich Joshua D. , Gruenewald Jeff , Mandala Marissa
Published: October 2018

This study systematically reviews the Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) and terrorism literature published between 2006 and 2016. We examine several variables related to the backgrounds of authors, publication outlets, methods used, and countries and terrorist groups focused upon in these studies. We also investigate if studies have tested the pillars of terrorism opportunity relating to weapons, targets, tools, and facilitating conditions. We find a strong literature and much support for SCP’s claims in the terrorism context. We highlight some data and method obstacles in fully evaluating SCP’s EVIL DONE, MURDEROUS, and ESEER frameworks and tools pillar, and suggest a need for more multivariate designs. We end by identifying underexplored substantive issues that deserve more attention, such as possibly refining EVIL DONE and to more fully address displacement versus adaptation processes.
Reach and Adoption of a Randomized Weight Loss Maintenance Trial in Rural African Americans of Faith: The WORD (Wholeness, Oneness, Righteousness, Deliverance)
Authors: Yeary Karen H. Kim , Moore Page C. , Gauss C. Heath , Cornell Carol , Prewitt T. Elaine , Shakya Samjhana , Turner Jerome , Scarbrough Catherine , Porter Gwenndolyn , Estabrooks Paul A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

There is minimal information regarding the Reach and Adoption of evidence-based weight loss maintenance interventions for African Americans of faith.

Design:

The WORD (Wholeness, Oneness, Righteousness, Deliverance) was an 18-month, cluster randomized trial designed to reduce and maintain weight loss in African American adults of faith. Participants received the Diabetes Prevention Program adapted core weight loss program for 6 months, and churches were subsequently randomized to 12-month maintenance treatment or control. All participants underwent body weight and associated behavioral and psychosocial assessments at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. The current article focuses on assessing Reach and Adoption at baseline and 6 months using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework.

Setting:

Lower Mississippi Delta.

Participants:

Thirty churches, 61 WORD Leaders (WLs), and 426 participants.

Intervention:

Group delivered by trained community members (WLs).

Measures:

Body mass index and percentage weight lost from baseline to 6-month follow-up were measured. Reach was assessed at participant, WL, and church levels through calculating participation rates and sociodemographics of each level. Adoption was assessed at church and WL levels.

Analysis:

Descriptive statistics summarized baseline characteristics of each level. Continuous and categorical end point comparisons were made.

Results:

Participants’ participation rate was 0.84 (n = 437 agreed to participate, n = 519 eligible invited to participate); they were predominantly female, employed, and had a mean age of 49.8. Dropouts by 6 months were younger, had differential marital status, and religious attendance compared with retained participants. Church participation rate was 0.63 (n = 30 enrolled, n = 48 eligible approached) and the majority reported ≤100 active members. The WL participation rate was 0.61 (n = 61 implemented intervention, n = 100 eligible approached); they were primarily female and aged 53.9 (mean).

Conclusion:

Recruitment, engagement, and delivery strategies employed by the WORD show promise of sustained engagement and adoption in other faith-based behavioral weight management programs for African Americans.
Fabrication of hollow silica nanosphere and its application for thermal insulation coating
Authors: Hu Pei , Ai Dan , Jiang Xiang , Zhang Xinya
Published: October 2018

Hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs) were synthesized via sol–gel method followed by calcination, using positively charged polystyrene (PS) as a hard template, and the tetraethoxysilane as precursor. The inner diameter and shell thickness of the HSNs can be expediently controlled by adjusting the particle size of PS and the amount of ammonia, respectively. The average inner diameters of HSNs increased from 153 nm to 255 nm along with the increasing PS particle size from 150 nm to 300 nm. The shell thickness of HSNs decreased from 20 nm to 12 nm with the increasing amount of ammonia from 1.5 mL to 3.0 mL. The structure of HSNs was verified by Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterization. The prepared thermal insulation coating comprised of HSNs shows good temperature retention and thermo-insulating properties, which indicate that the as-prepared HSNs are potentially used as an inorganic filler for thermal insulation coating.
Development of PLA-HAp-CS-based biocompatible functional prototype: A case study
Authors: Ranjan Nishant , Singh Rupinder , Ahuja IPS
Published: October 2018

In this article, detailed procedure for the development of polylactic acid (PLA), hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS)-based biocompatible functional prototype has been outlined by using three-dimensional (3D) printing as a case study. The biocompatible composite-based feedstock filament (comprising of PLA-HAp-CS) has been prepared through twin-screw extruder (TSE) for open-source fused deposition modelling (FDM)-based 3D printer. This case study provides two-stage multifactor optimization: (a) for preparation of feedstock filament on TSE and (b) 3D printing on FDM based upon tensile and flexural samples. The results of study suggest that the best settings of input parameters for TSE are barrel temperature of 190°C, screw speed of 140 r/min and dead weight of 12 kg. Further, the optimized settings for FDM are layer thickness of 0.2 mm, deposition angle of 30/45° and infill density of 100%. The results have been supported by scanning electron microscopic analysis.
Difference and closeness: Young children’s peer interactions and peer relations in school
Authors: Jensen Sidsel Vive
Published: October 2018

This article examines expressions of difference and sameness and peer relations among children (aged 5–7) in school. The article concludes that children do not generally relate sameness or difference to their peer relations or to ethnicity or gender. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that the school setting plays a crucial role for children’s peer interactions: The purpose of school activities directs children’s expressions of difference and sameness, and the structures for peer interaction enable some relations and restrict others.