bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partnership and Personalisation in Personal Care: Conflicts and Compromises
Authors: Rummery Kirstein , Lawrence Julia , Russell Siabhainn
Published: August 2022

Background:

Personalisation in social care services has become a feature of the delivery of long-term care for disabled people in many developed welfare states.

Aim:

Scotland has used the devolution of health and social care powers to develop a personalisation scheme (known as ‘Self-directed Support’). The authors apply a theoretical and empirical framework to understand the experience of contemporary disabled users of personalised services.

Methods:

The authors use a Scottish data set of six focus groups and a survey of 126 disabled people and family carers.

Results:

The data showed that flexible funding and the ability to provide services that cross agency boundaries were instrumental in moving towards equitable outcomes.

Conclusions:

Although there are clear policy and practice barriers to inter-agency working in personalised care services, the evidence suggests that it is worth investing in overcoming these barriers for disabled people and family carers.
Sensitivity of nonresistant winter wheat to quizalofop-P-ethyl in central Oklahoma and Kansas
Authors: Childers J. Tanner , Manuchehri Misha R. , Kumar Vipan , Ochsner Tyson E.
Published: August 2022

The CoAXium® Production System includes a new herbicide-resistant wheat (AXigen®) that allows for fall and/or spring postemergence (POST) applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl (QPE) for control of winter annual grass weeds. As area planted with AXigen® wheat increases, so will the use of QPE herbicide, and with this comes an increased chance for physical drift, tank contamination, or misapplication to nearby sensitive plants. A total of eight field studies were conducted at four locations during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 growing seasons to understand the response of nonresistant wheat when exposed to various rates of QPE herbicide. Five rates of QPE were evaluated: 1× (92 g ai ha−1), 1/10×, 1/50×, 1/100×, and 1/200×. Treatments of QPE were applied in the fall (2- to 3-leaf wheat) or in the spring (3- to 4-tiller wheat). Results indicated an interaction between application timing and QPE rate on grain yield for half of the site-years. The 1× rate resulted in complete or near complete grain yield loss regardless of application timing. However, QPE at the 1/10× rate resulted in yield loss ranging from 0% to 41% when fall-applied, whereas spring application resulted in 80% to 100% yield loss. For site-years when only the main effect of QPE rate was significant, 86% to 100% yield loss was observed following exposure to QPE at the 1/10× and 1× rates. For all site-years, it was infrequent that significant yield reductions were observed following the three lowest rates of QPE. If the two highest QPE rates were considered to represent tank contamination or misapplication and the three lowest rates physical drift, we can assume that physical drift of QPE to non-AXigen® wheat is not of major concern if proper application guidelines are followed. Conversely, tank contamination and misapplication should be carefully considered by growers who have planted both AXigen® and non-AXigen® wheat varieties.
Hire Ambitious People
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Robinson Charlotte , Haakonsen Jon Magnus Frostad
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Is work engagement, like job satisfaction, primarily a function of personality? In total, 397 working adults completed a short, reliable, three-facet model of work engagement, a short IQ test, various self-ratings, a Big Five (bright-side) personality scale, and a measure of the personality disorders (dark-side). Work engagement was related to age, intelligence, positive self-ratings, and all the personality variables. A regression analysis revealed six variables significantly related to total work engagement: sex, age, IQ, ratings of personal ambitiousness, trait Neuroticism and Cluster A personality disorders. Regressions onto each of the three facets of work engagement showed slightly different findings, yet in each, older people with lower Cluster A scores and who rated themselves as ambitious scored higher on all facets. Over a third of the variance was explained in each regression. In every analysis, the rating of ambitiousness was most strongly related to work engagement. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.
Improving Numerical Model Predicted Float Trajectories by Deep Learning
Authors: Shen Dongliang , Bao Shaowu , Pietrafesa Lenard J. , Gayes Paul
Published: August 2022

The Lagrangian tracking approach is often used in numerical modeling (NM) to simulate and predict the movement of marine particles such as plastic, oil spills, and floating wreckage. The uncertainties in NM reduce prediction accuracy as a result of the coarse temporal and spatial resolution, along with waves, winds, and currents. From 29 August to 22 December 2020, the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Ocean of Things program deployed 422 floating drifters in the Gulf of Mexico, providing an opportunity of using the observed trajectories as ground truth to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to correct NM float trajectory predictions. A Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) and AI Hybrid model was developed to implement AI to correct the ROMS‐predicted 1‐day float trajectories. The AI model is built on a convolutional neural network and Gated Recurrent Unit. The results of the ROMS‐AI Hybrid model show that 82.0% of the trajectory predictions were improved at the 24 hr, with the corresponding overall mean separation error decreasing by 11.82 km, from 20.56 to 8.74 km, which is a 57% improvement, and the error growth rate decreasing from 5.06 km per 6 hr to 1.95 km per 6 hr. The evident improvement indicates that the ROMS‐AI Hybrid model can correct the ROMS simulation to improve the 1‐day prediction of the float trajectories and shows great potential to predict the cluster of the floats.
Global Constraints on Intermediate‐Depth Intraslab Stresses From Slab Geometries and Mechanisms of Double Seismic Zone Earthquakes
Authors: Sippl C. , Dielforder A. , John T. , Schmalholz S. M.
Published: August 2022

Double seismic zones (DSZs), parallel planes of intermediate‐depth earthquakes inside oceanic slabs, have been observed in a number of subduction zones and may be a ubiquitous feature of downgoing oceanic plates. Focal mechanism observations from DSZ earthquakes sample the intraslab stress field at two distinct depth levels within the downgoing lithosphere. A pattern of downdip compressive over downdip extensive events was early on interpreted to indicate an unbending‐dominated intraslab stress field. In the present study, we show that the intraslab stress field in the depth range of DSZs is much more variable than previously thought. Compiling DSZ locations and mechanisms from literature, we observe that the “classical” pattern of compressive over extensive events is only observed at about half of the DSZ locations around the globe. The occurrence of extensional mechanisms across both planes accounts for most other regions. To obtain an independent estimate of the bending state of slabs at intermediate depths, we compute (un)bending estimates from slab geometries taken from the slab2 compilation of slab surface depths. We find no clear global prevalence of slab unbending at intermediate depths, and the occurrence of DSZ seismicity does not appear to be limited to regions of slab (un)bending. Focal mechanism observations are frequently inconsistent with (un)bending estimates from slab geometries, which may imply that bending stresses are not always prevalent, and that other stress types such as in‐plane tension due to slab pull or shallow compression due to friction along the plate interface may also play an important role.
CO2‐Rich Rejuvenated Stage Lavas on Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Wang Shuai , Huang Shichun , Zhan Mingjun , Yao Junhua
Published: August 2022

Sedimentary carbonates are sent to the deep mantle if they are not completely destroyed at subduction zones, and subducted carbonates may contribute to plume volcanism. To better constrain the role of recycled carbonates in Hawaiian volcanism, we report high‐precision olivine and whole‐rock geochemical compositions of shield and rejuvenated stage lavas from Kauai, Oahu and Maui Islands. The studied rejuvenated stage whole‐rocks have low SiO2 and high CaO concentrations, and are depleted in high field strength elements, such as, Nb and Zr, consistent with a role of carbonated melt. Rejuvenated stage olivines have Ni abundance lower than and CaO and MnO contents similar to those of shield stage at a given Fo. The calculated partition coefficients of Ca () and Mn () between olivine and shield melts are consistent with those of a dry melt system. However, the low and for rejuvenated lavas can only be explained by a volatile‐rich melt system. Based on the observed and in rejuvenated lavas, and considering the effect of H2O, our modeling calculation shows that rejuvenated primary magmas contain up to ∼10 wt% CO2, indicating a CO2‐rich mantle source. Using olivine‐spinel aluminum exchange thermometry, we show that the rejuvenated primary magma temperatures are similar to those of shield stage. We posit that the CO2‐rich rejuvenated stage lavas with lower olivine Ni than those of shield stage lavas were originated from melting of carbonated peridotites in the plume. The carbonated melts that metasomatized the peridotites were likely derived from subducted ancient carbonate‐bearing lithospheric mantle.
Nitrogen Deposition Drives Response and Recovery in the Context of Precipitation Change and Its Reversal in an Arid Ecosystem
Authors: Yu Hongying , Liu Xiaodi , Ma Quanhui , Li Lang , Wu Wenjuan , Qi Miao , Li Yibo , Zhang Feng , Wang Yuhui , Zhou Guangsheng , Xu Zhenzhu
Published: August 2022

Climatic change profoundly impacts terrestrial ecosystem function and structure. However, it remains unclear how an entire ecosystem responds to precipitation fluctuations in relation to nitrogen (N) deposition, especially in arid ecosystems. A field experiment was conducted in a desert steppe over the course of 4 years to determine plant community and belowground responses to precipitation alteration and a subsequent precipitation regime reversal treatment under increased N addition, with an initial 3‐year precipitation regime manipulation period followed by a fourth‐year reversal. The aboveground net primary production (ANPP) significantly increased with increased precipitation, particularly at high N levels. However, the precipitation regime reversal treatment in the final year reversed the ANPP effects induced by the previous precipitation alteration. Soil microbial carbon and N content significantly increased with increasing precipitation, whereas the precipitation reversal in the final year partly eliminated the soil microbial effects produced by this previous precipitation alteration. Plant community composition shifted under both the precipitation and N treatments, with a few critical species playing crucial roles. The response ratio (initial treatment vs. control) of ANPP increased with increased precipitation during the first 3 years. Both the resilience (precipitation regime reversal treatment vs. control) and the limitation or promotion index (LPI, precipitation reversal treatment vs. initial treatment) of NPP were relatively high under the initial low precipitation and the final high precipitation regimes. Structural equation modeling in particular illustrated that the precipitation alteration treatments made greater contributions to the response ratio, resilience and LPI of the NPP than did N deposition via either the soil microbial levels or the plant diversity index. We should therefore consider both vegetation productivity and its compositional shift, as well as the associations with soil microbes under contrasting environmental changes, to accurately assess and predict the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.
Mixed‐Precision for Linear Solvers in Global Geophysical Flows
Authors: Ackmann Jan , Dueben Peter D. , Palmer Tim , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K.
Published: August 2022

Semi‐implicit (SI) time‐stepping schemes for atmosphere and ocean models require elliptic solvers that work efficiently on modern supercomputers. This paper reports our study of the potential computational savings when using mixed precision arithmetic in the elliptic solvers. Precision levels as low as half (16 bits) are used and a detailed evaluation of the impact of reduced precision on the solver convergence and the solution quality is performed. This study is conducted in the context of a novel SI shallow‐water model on the sphere, purposely designed to mimic numerical intricacies of modern all‐scale weather and climate (W&C) models. The governing algorithm of the shallow‐water model is based on the non‐oscillatory MPDATA methods for geophysical flows, whereas the resulting elliptic problem employs a strongly preconditioned non‐symmetric Krylov‐subspace Generalized Conjugated‐Residual (GCR) solver, proven in advanced atmospheric applications. The classical longitude/latitude grid is deliberately chosen to retain the stiffness of global W&C models. The analysis of the precision reduction is done on a software level, using an emulator, whereas the performance is measured on actual reduced precision hardware. The reduced‐precision experiments are conducted for established dynamical‐core test‐cases, like the Rossby‐Haurwitz wavenumber 4 and a zonal orographic flow. The study shows that selected key components of the elliptic solver, most prominently the preconditioning and the application of the linear operator, can be performed at the level of half precision. For these components, the use of half precision is found to yield a speed‐up of a factor 4 compared to double precision for a wide range of problem sizes.
Exploring attitudes towards more sustainable dentistry among adults living in the UK
Authors: Baird Harriet M. , Mulligan Steven , Webb Thomas L. , Baker Sarah R. , Martin Nicolas
Published: August 2022

Introduction Despite evidence that public pressure can promote sustainability in various domains (for example, retail and travel), no research has considered the public's attitudes towards sustainability in dentistry.

Methods A questionnaire was developed to measure attitudes towards sustainable dentistry among adults living in the UK and their willingness to make compromises to reduce the impact of their dental treatment on the environment. In total, 344 adults completed the questionnaire that also measured pro-environmental identity and concern, general willingness to make compromises for the environment, and the tendency to engage in ecological behaviours.

Results Participants reported positive attitudes towards sustainable dentistry, and were willing to compromise their time, convenience and durability of their dental treatment, as well as pay more, to reduce the impact of their dental work on the environment. Participants were not willing to compromise their health or the aesthetics of their teeth. There was also evidence that participants' current oral health shaped their attitudes towards sustainable dentistry, such that better oral health was associated with more positive attitudes towards more sustainable dentistry.

Conclusions Given that public pressure can be a significant driver of change, these findings provide valuable insight into the kind of compromises that may be accepted by the public in order to improve the sustainability of dental services.
Post-diagnostic health behaviour scores in relation to fatal prostate cancer
Authors: Graff Rebecca E. , Langlais Crystal S. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Pernar Claire H. , Stampfer Meir J. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Chan June M. , Kenfield Stacey A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Individual health behaviours have been associated with fatal prostate cancer (PCa). Their combined association with fatal PCa after diagnosis is unknown.

Methods

This prospective cohort included 4518 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic PCa from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Exposures included a three-factor score integrating post-diagnostic fatal PCa risk factors (“2021 PCa Behaviour Score”), six-factor score integrating incident aggressive PCa risk factors (“2015 PCa Behaviour Score”), and two scores integrating recommendations for cancer prevention and survival, respectively. Multivariable Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fatal PCa.

Results

Over a median 10.2 years, we observed 219 PCa deaths. Each additional point of one of the PCa-specific health behaviour scores (2015 PCa Behaviour Score) was associated with a 19% reduced fatal PCa risk (HR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.68–0.97). The 2021 PCa Behaviour Score and scores integrating national recommendations were not associated with fatal PCa.

Conclusions

While a PCa-specific health behaviour score was associated with a reduced risk of fatal PCa, we did not otherwise observe strong evidence of associations between post-diagnostic scores and fatal PCa. Avoiding tobacco, healthy body size, and physical activity may decrease PCa death risk, but further research is needed to inform cancer survivorship recommendations.
Associations with baseline visual acuity in 12,414 eyes starting treatment for neovascular AMD
Authors: Relton S. D. , Chi G. C. , Lotery A. J. , West R. M. ,   Real world AMD treatment outcomes EMR User Group, Santiago C. , Devonport H. , Bailey C. , Dias I. , Scanlon P. , Downey L. , Pearce I. , Saedon H. , Talks S. J. , Mushtaq B. , Brand C. , McKibbin M.
Published: August 2022

Aims

To determine baseline visual acuity before the start of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), compare median and visual acuity states between treatment sites and investigate the association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with baseline acuity.

Methods

Anonymised demographic and clinical data, collected as part of routine clinical care, were extracted from electronic medical records at treating National Health Service (NHS) Trusts. Analyses were restricted to eyes with baseline visual acuity recorded at treatment initiation. Associations with baseline acuity were investigated using multivariate linear regression.

Results

Analysis included 12,414 eyes of 9116 patients at 13 NHS Trusts. Median baseline acuity was LogMAR 0.46 (interquartile range = 0.26–0.80) and 34.5% of eyes had good acuity, defined as LogMAR ≤0.3. Baseline acuity was positively associated with second-treated eye status, younger age, lower socio-economic deprivation, independent living, and female sex. There was little evidence of association between baseline acuity and distance to the nearest treatment centre, systemic or ocular co-morbidity. Despite case-mix adjustments, there was evidence of significant variation of baseline visual acuity between sites.

Conclusions

Despite access to publicly funded treatment within the NHS, variation in visual acuity at the start of neovascular AMD treatment persists. Identifying the characteristics associated with poor baseline acuity, targeted health awareness campaigns, professional education, and pathway re-design may help to improve baseline acuity, the first eye gap, and visual acuity outcomes.
Plasma microRNA and metabolic changes associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ohlstrom Denis J. , Sul Christina , Vohwinkel Christine U. , Hernandez-Lagunas Laura , Karimpour-Fard Anis , Mourani Peter M. , Carpenter Todd C. , Nozik Eva S. , Sucharov Carmen C.
Published: August 2022

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a heterogeneous pathophysiological process responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care patients. Diagnosis is defined by clinical characteristics that identify the syndrome after development. Subphenotyping patients at risk of progression to ARDS could provide the opportunity for therapeutic intervention. microRNAs, non-coding RNAs stable in circulation, are a promising biomarker candidate. We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study to evaluate random forest classification of microarray-quantified circulating microRNAs in critically ill pediatric patients. We additionally selected a sub-cohort for parallel metabolomics profiling as a pilot study for concurrent use of miRNAs and metabolites as circulating biomarkers. In 35 patients (n = 21 acute respiratory distress, n = 14 control) 15 microRNAs were differentially expressed. Unsupervised random forest classification accurately grouped ARDS and control patients with an area under the curve of 0.762, which was improved to 0.839 when subset to only patients with bacterial infection. Nine metabolites were differentially abundant between acute respiratory distress and control patients (n = 4, both groups) and abundance was highly correlated with miRNA expression. Random forest classification of microRNAs differentiated critically ill pediatric patients who developed acute respiratory distress relative to those who do not. The differential expression of microRNAs and metabolites provides a strong foundation for further work to validate their use as a prognostic biomarker.
Proteomic analyses do not reveal subclinical inflammation in fatigued patients with clinically quiescent inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bourgonje Arno R. , Wichers Sietse J. , Hu Shixian , van Dullemen Hendrik M. , Visschedijk Marijn C. , Faber Klaas Nico , Festen Eleonora A. M. , Dijkstra Gerard , Samsom Janneke N. , Weersma Rinse K. , Spekhorst Lieke M.
Published: August 2022

Fatigue is a common and clinically challenging symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), occurring in ~ 50% of patients with quiescent disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fatigue in patients with clinically quiescent IBD is reflected by circulating inflammatory proteins, which might reflect ongoing subclinical inflammation. Ninety-two (92) different inflammation-related proteins were measured in plasma of 350 patients with clinically quiescent IBD. Quiescent IBD was defined as clinical (Harvey-Bradshaw Index < 5 or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index < 2.5) and biochemical remission (C-reactive protein < 5 mg/L and absence of anemia) at time of fatigue assessment. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIF-R) concentrations were inversely associated with severe fatigue, also after adjustment for confounding factors (nominal P < 0.05). Although solely LIF-R showed weak ability to discriminate between mild and severe fatigue (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.53–0.69, P < 0.05), a combined set of the top seven (7) fatigue-associated proteins (all P < 0.10) was observed to have reasonable discriminative performance (AUC = 0.82 [95%CI: 0.74–0.91], P < 0.01). Fatigue in patients with IBD is not clearly reflected by distinct protein signatures, suggesting there is no subclinical inflammation defined by the studied inflammatory proteins. Future studies are warranted to investigate other proteomic markers that may reflect fatigue in clinically quiescent IBD.
Spatiotemporal changes of bacterial communities during a cyanobacterial bloom in a subtropical water source reservoir ecosystem in China
Authors: Huang Zhenhua , Jiang Cancan , Xu Shengjun , Zheng Xiaoxu , Lv Ping , Wang Cong , Wang Dongsheng , Zhuang Xuliang
Published: August 2022

Cyanobacterial blooms, which not only threaten the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems but also influence the microbial community within, emerges as one of the most concerning problems in China. However, how cyanobacterial blooms affect the spatiotemporal variation of aquatic microbial communities remains relatively unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate how the cyanobacterial and bacterial community spatiotemporally vary along with main cyanobacterial bloom phases in upstream rivers of a eutrophicated water source reservoir. Both cyanobacterial and bacterial diversities in each river were significantly lower (P < 0.05) during the bloom outbreak phase, showing the apparent influence of cyanobacterial bloom. Dominant cyanobacterial taxa included Cyanobacteriales and Synechococcales, and dominant bacterial taxa comprised Acinetobacter, CL500-29, hgcI clade, Limnohabitans, Flavobacterium, Rhodoluna, Porphyrobacter, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobiales, whose changes of relative abundance along with the bloom indicated distinct community composition. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis proved that community composition had significant difference amongst bloom phases. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with LDA effect size analysis (LEfSe) identified unique dominant cyanobacterial and bacterial OTUs at different phases in each river, indicating spatiotemporal variations of communities. Canonical correlation analysis or redundancy analysis revealed that at different bloom phases communities of each river had distinct correlation patterns with the environmental parameters (temperature, ammonium, nitrate, and total phosphorus etc.), implying the spatial variations of microbial communities. Overall, these results expand current understanding on the spatiotemporal variations of microbial communities due to cyanobacterial blooms. Microbial interactions during the bloom may shed light on controlling cyanobacterial blooms in the similar aquatic ecosystems.
Monitoring longitudinal disease progression in a novel murine Kit tumor model using high-field MRI
Authors: Kraiger Markus , Klein-Rodewald Tanja , Rathkolb Birgit , Calzada-Wack Julia , Sanz-Moreno Adrián , Fuchs Helmut , Wolf Eckhard , Gailus-Durner Valérie , de Angelis Martin Hrabě
Published: August 2022

Animal models are an indispensable platform used in various research disciplines, enabling, for example, studies of basic biological mechanisms, pathological processes and new therapeutic interventions. In this study, we applied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize the clinical picture of a novel N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Kit-mutant mouse in vivo. Seven C3H KitN824K/WT mutant animals each of both sexes and their littermates were monitored every other month for a period of twelve months. MRI relaxometry data of hematopoietic bone marrow and splenic tissue as well as high-resolution images of the gastrointestinal organs were acquired. Compared with controls, the mutants showed a dynamic change in the shape and volume of the cecum and enlarged Peyer´s patches were identified throughout the entire study. Mammary tumors were observed in the majority of mutant females and were first detected at eight months of age. Using relaxation measurements, a substantial decrease in longitudinal relaxation times in hematopoietic tissue was detected in mutants at one year of age. In contrast, transverse relaxation time of splenic tissue showed no differences between genotypes, except in two mutant mice, one of which had leukemia and the other hemangioma. In this study, in vivo MRI was used for the first time to thoroughly characterize the evolution of systemic manifestations of a novel Kit-induced tumor model and to document the observable organ-specific disease cascade.
Local-feature and global-dependency based tool wear prediction using deep learning
Authors: Yang Changsen , Zhou Jingtao , Li Enming , Wang Mingwei , Jin Ting
Published: August 2022

Evaluation of tool wear is vital in manufacturing system, since early detections on worn-out condition can ensure workpiece quality, improve machining efficiency. With the development of intelligent manufacturing, tool wear prediction technology plays an increasingly important role. However, traditional tool wear prediction methods rely on experience and knowledge of experts and are labor-extensive. Deep learning provides an effective way to extract features of raw data and establish the mapping relationship between features and targets automatically. In this paper, a new local-feature and global-dependency based tool wear prediction method is proposed. It is a hybrid approach combining manual features with automatic features. Firstly, an enhanced CNN network is designed and applied on the transformed wavelet scalogram to learn the local single-scale specific features and multi-scale correlation features automatically. Secondly, sequence of local feature vectors combining manual features with automatic features are fed into multi-layer LSTM step by step for the global dependency. A fully connected layer is then trained to predict tool wear. Finally, two statistics are proposed to illustrate the overall prediction performance and generalization ability of the model. An experiment illustrates the effectiveness of our proposed method under multiple working conditions.
Fourth thoracic vertebra as landmark for depth of right internal jugular vein catheterization in infants
Authors: Liu Guoliang , Zhang Jianmin , Wang Fang , Liu Heqi
Published: August 2022

The carina is considered a reliable marker for the depth of right internal jugular vein catheterization in infants on chest radiograph. In adult anatomy, the carina is typically located at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra. We are not aware of a positional relationship between infant carina and thoracic vertebrae. Thus, we evaluated that a vertebral body may be at the same level as carina and can be as radiographic landmarks for the depth of right internal jugular vein catheterization in infants. In this retrospective analysis, 108 infants (aged 1–12 months) who underwent congenital heart surgery between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2019 were included. We analyzed the post-operative chest radiographs of those who underwent right internal jugular vein catheterization and assessed the positional relationship of the carina and vertebral bodies. We measured the vertical distance of the central venous catheter (CVC)  catheter tip from the carina (below the carina 22 mm, it may be close to or into the right atrium). In total, 95 children were enrolled; The carina was located at the third thoracic vertebra in two cases (2%) and at the fourth thoracic vertebra in 93 cases (98%). The distance between the tip of CVC and the carina was 10 (4, 15) mm, and 6.3% (6 cases) had the catheter tip at more than 22 mm below the carina. Most fourth thoracic vertebrae were at the same level as the carina on chest radiographs. Therefore, it has potential as a radiographic landmark for the depth of right internal jugular vein catheterization in infants on chest radiograph.
The response of grain yield and ear differentiation related traits to nitrogen levels in maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiency
Authors: Ma Baoxin , Wang Junqiang , Han Yehui , Zhou Chao , Xu Ting , Qu Zhongcheng , Wang Lida , Ma Bo , Yuan Ming , Wang Lianxia , Ding Xinying , Qian Chunrong
Published: August 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely distributed and important crops in China. Maize ear differentiation plays an important role grain yield formation. However, it is unclear if ear and root morphophysiology status affects yield formation by altering ear differentiation and development under different nitrogen (N) conditions. The aim of this study is to understand how the ear differentiation and development are affected by ear and root morphophysiology traits, as affected by the N rate. The experiment consisted of two N rates: high nitrogen (180 kg ha−1), and low nitrogen (60 kg ha−1). Two N-efficient varieties (NEVs) and two N-inefficient varieties (NIVs) were grown in the field. The results showed higher nitrogen accumulation and grain yield in NEVs than in NIVs, which was mainly attributed to the increased N uptake by the larger root system under both N conditions. Under high N conditions, among ear differentiation-related traits, only FR was significantly positively correlated with grain yield, and NEVs ensure FR through higher N concentration and ZR content in ear at the fertilization stage. Under low N conditions, NEVs obtained higher FP, SR and FR through higher N concentration and IAA in ear at the early stage of ear differentiation, maintained lower AR and BTL by higher RA, R-ZR and E-ZR at the late stage of ear growth. These results suggest that NEVs have a more complex mechanism for obtaining higher grain yield under low N conditions than N sufficiency, and that phytohormones play an important role in this process.
A cross-sectional survey on awareness of cancer risk factors, information sources and health behaviors for cancer prevention in Japan
Authors: Yamagiwa Yoko , Tanaka Shiori , Abe Sarah Krull , Shimazu Taichi , Inoue Manami
Published: August 2022

Due to recent increases in cancer burden worldwide, we investigated current awareness of cancer risk factors and the association between information sources and health behaviors for cancer prevention in Japan. A nationwide representative sample aged 20 years or older (563 men and 653 women) responded to a questionnaire as part of a population-based survey in December 2018. Tobacco smoking (55.7% of the mean attributable fraction of cancer risk overall) and cancer-causing infection (52.0%) were regarded more highly than other lifestyle factors as causes of cancer (obesity [36.6%], physical inactivity [31.9%], unbalanced diet [30.9%], and alcohol consumption [26.2%]). The association between information sources and health behaviors for cancer prevention was evaluated using a logistic regression model. The websites of public institutions, and health professionals were associated with a broad range of health behaviors including improving diet, exercise, cancer screening/health check-up, and abstinence from smoking/drinking. Among sources of print media, positive associations were observed between books and improving diet/exercise, brochures and cancer screening/health check-up, and advertisements and abstinence from smoking/drinking. A strategic health communication approach that utilizes various information sources and delivery channels is needed to inform the public about cancer prevention and to motivate risk-reducing behaviors in the population.
QOGMP: QoS-oriented global multi-path traffic scheduling algorithm in software defined network
Authors: Guo Yiping , Hu Guyu , Shao Dongsheng
Published: August 2022

According to the research status of Software Defined Network (SDN) control layer traffic scheduling, we find the current common problems, including single path, easy congestion, Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and high delay. To solve these four problems, we design and implement a QoS-oriented global multi-path traffic scheduling algorithm for SDN, referred to as QOGMP. First, we propose a link weight calculation algorithm based on the idea of traction links and deep reinforcement learning, and conduct experimental verifications related to traction links. The algorithm considers QoS requirements and alleviates the problems of easy congestion and high delay. Then, we propose a traffic scheduling algorithm based on link weight and multi-path scheme, which also considers QoS requirements and solves the problem of single path. Finally, we combined the link weight calculation algorithm and the traffic scheduling algorithm to implement QOGMP, and carried out comparative experiments in the built simulation environment. The experimental results show that QOGMP is better than the two comparison algorithms in terms of delay and rescheduling rate.
Feasibility of a registry for standardized assessment of long-term and late-onset health events in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer
Authors: Otth Maria , Drozdov Daniel , Scheinemann Katrin
Published: August 2022

Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors are at risk for chronic medical conditions. Longitudinal studies help to understand their development and course. We hypothesize that collecting follow-up data according to the modified CTCAE criteria and embedded in regular care, is feasible and results in a rich database. We recruited 50 Swiss survivors treated at our institution between 1992 and 2015, who completed their treatment and are still alive. Information on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and medical conditions from follow-up visits, graded according to the modified CTCAE criteria, were added in the database. We described the cohort, assessed the prevalence of medical conditions at the most recent visits and the time needed for data entry. Survivors had a median age of 10 years at diagnosis with 16 years of follow-up. 94% of survivors suffered from at least one medical condition. We registered 25 grade 3 or 4 conditions in 18 survivors. The time needed for data entry at enrollment was < 60 min in most survivors and much less for follow-up visits. Standardized assessment of medical conditions is feasible during regular clinical care. The database provides longitudinal real-time data to be used for clinical care, survivor education and research.
mTOR regulation of metabolism limits LPS-induced monocyte inflammatory and procoagulant responses
Authors: Lund Nina C. , Kayode Yetunde , McReynolds Melanie R. , Clemmer Deanna C. , Hudson Hannah , Clerc Isabelle , Hong Hee-Kyung , Brenchley Jason M. , Bass Joseph , D’Aquila Richard T. , Taylor Harry E.
Published: August 2022

Translocated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates monocytes via TLR4 and is hypothesized to increase cardiovascular disease risk in persons living with HIV. We tested whether mTOR activity supports LPS-stimulated monocyte production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor (TF), as it propels the inflammatory response in several immune cell types besides monocytes. However, multi-omics analyses here demonstrate that mTOR activates a metabolic pathway that limits abundance of these gene products in monocytes. Treatment of primary human monocytes with catalytic mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) increased LPS-induced polyfunctional responses, including production of IL-1β, IL-6, and the pro-coagulant, TF. NF-κB-driven transcriptional activity is enhanced with LPS stimulation after mTORi treatment to increase expression ofF3(TF). Moreover, intracellular NAD+availability is restricted due to decreased salvage pathway synthesis. These results document mTOR-mediated restraint of the LPS-induced transcriptional response in monocytes and a metabolic mechanism informing strategies to reverse enhanced risk of coagulopathy in pro-inflammatory states.
MOG analogues to explore the MCT2 pharmacophore, α-ketoglutarate biology and cellular effects of N-oxalylglycine
Authors: Fets Louise , Bevan Natalie , Nunes Patrícia M. , Campos Sebastien , dos Santos Mariana Silva , Sherriff Emma , MacRae James I. , House David , Anastasiou Dimitrios
Published: August 2022

α-ketoglutarate (αKG) is a central metabolic node with a broad influence on cellular physiology. The αKG analogue N-oxalylglycine (NOG) and its membrane-permeable pro-drug derivative dimethyl-oxalylglycine (DMOG) have been extensively used as tools to study prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and other αKG-dependent processes. In cell culture media, DMOG is rapidly converted to MOG, which enters cells through monocarboxylate transporter MCT2, leading to intracellular NOG concentrations that are sufficiently high to inhibit glutaminolysis enzymes and cause cytotoxicity. Therefore, the degree of (D)MOG instability together with MCT2 expression levels determine the intracellular targets NOG engages with and, ultimately, its effects on cell viability. Here we designed and characterised a series of MOG analogues with the aims of improving compound stability and exploring the functional requirements for interaction with MCT2, a relatively understudied member of the SLC16 family. We report MOG analogues that maintain ability to enter cells via MCT2, and identify compounds that do not inhibit glutaminolysis or cause cytotoxicity but can still inhibit PHDs. We use these analogues to show that, under our experimental conditions, glutaminolysis-induced activation of mTORC1 can be uncoupled from PHD activity. Therefore, these new compounds can help deconvolute cellular effects that result from the polypharmacological action of NOG.
Optogenetic manipulation of cell migration with high spatiotemporal resolution using lattice lightsheet microscopy
Authors: Tang Wei-Chun , Liu Yen-Ting , Yeh Cheng-Han , Lu Chieh-Han , Tu Chiao-Hui , Lin Yi-Ling , Lin Yu-Chun , Hsu Tsui-Ling , Gao Liang , Chang Shu-Wei , Chen Peilin , Chen Bi-Chang
Published: August 2022

Lattice lightsheet microscopy (LLSM) featuring three-dimensional recording is improved to manipulate cellular behavior with subcellular resolution through optogenetic activation (optoLLSM). A position-controllable Bessel beam as a stimulation source is integrated into the LLSM to achieve spatiotemporal photoactivation by changing the spatial light modulator (SLM) patterns. Unlike the point-scanning in a confocal microscope, the lattice beams are capable of wide-field optical sectioning for optogenetic activation along the Bessel beam path.We show that the energy power required for optogenetic activations is lower than 1 nW (or 24 mWcm-2) for time-lapses of CRY2olig clustering proteins, and membrane ruffling can be induced at different locations within a cell with subcellular resolution through light-triggered recruitment of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Moreover, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) fused with CRY2olig, we are able to demonstrate guided cell migration using optogenetic stimulation for up to 6 h, where 463 imaging volumes are collected, without noticeable cellular damages.
Association of statewide stay-at-home orders with utilization of case management and supportive services for veterans experiencing housing insecurity
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Halladay Christopher , Tsai Jack , Hooshyar Dina , Cornell Portia Y. , Rudolph James L.
Published: August 2022

The US Department of Housing and Urban Development-Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) program provides Veterans with a subsidy for rent and case management. In response to the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic, many states enacted stay-at-home orders that may have limited access to case managers. Therefore, we examined the association between statewide stay-at-home orders and utilization of HUD-VASH case management. We linked data on whether a state implemented a statewide stay-at-home order between March 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020 with VA medical records. Analysis time was centered on the date of a state’s stay-at-home order (exposed states). For Veterans in states without a stay-at home-order (unexposed states), we used the average date exposed states implemented an order (March 27, 2020). We used a difference-in-difference design and adjusted linear regression models to compare total, in-person, telephone, and video case management encounters per Veteran in the 60 days after a stay-at-home order relative to the prior year. There was no significant difference in utilization of case management between Veterans who lived in states that did and did not issue a stay-at-home order. Across all states and in the 60 days after the index date relative to the prior year, Veterans had more total, telephone and video, and fewer in-person encounters. Statewide stay-at-home orders did not differentially affect utilization of case management. Virtual case management in HUD-VASH can increase program reach; however, the effect of virtual case management on outcomes such as quality of life and Veteran satisfaction is unknown.
Recent advances in transition metal-mediated trifluoromethylation reactions
Authors: Mandal Debasish , Maji Suman , Pal Tanay , Sinha Soumya Kumar , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2022

This review provides a complete demonstration of amalgamating significant pieces of work in the metal-mediated trifluoromethylation genre of recent past years.
Why trans and not cis? – Molecular dynamics and DFT study on selective separation of dihaloethene isomers using perethylated pillar[5]arene
Authors: Priscilla A Shanthini , Peters Silda , Ebenezer Cheriyan , Varathan Elumalai , Vijay Solomon Rajadurai
Published: August 2022

Selective encapsulation of trans dihaloethene over cis dihaloethene using perethylated  pillar[5]arene through computational investigation.
Anion-templated silver thiolated clusters affected by carboxylate ligands
Authors: Xia Yu-Han , Xia Xin-Yan , Fang Jun-Jie , Liu Zheng , Xie Yun-Peng , Lu Xing
Published: August 2022

The assembly of silver clusters affected by carboxylate ligands has been studied, and three classical anion-templated silver thiolated clusters were synthesized.
Unusual electronic transport in (1 −x)Cu2Se–(x)CuInSe2hierarchical composites
Authors: Chen Yixuan , Zhang Yinying , Lu Ruiming , Bailey Trevor P. , Uher Ctirad , Poudeu Pierre F. P.
Published: August 2022

The hierarchical integration of Cu2Se and CuInSe2phases at nano- and micron-scale induces electronic band structure hybridization leading to a large increase in the electrical conductivity and carrier density of (1 −x)Cu2Se/(x)CuInSe2composites.
Fluorescent probes based on an oxonium-coumarin scaffold for the detection of SO2 derivatives
Authors: Feng Jing , Shen Weiliang , Mou Yi , Zhou Zhiping , Li Yuxiu , Han Wei , Li Bingdong
Published: August 2022

In this work, a pair of fluorescent probes CPO were designed for the detection of SO2 derivatives based on the FRET principle.
Determining the dust environment of an unknown comet for a spacecraft flyby: The case of ESA’s Comet Interceptor mission
Authors: Marschall Raphael , Zakharov Vladimir , Tubiana Cecilia , Kelley Michael S. P. , van Damme Carlos Corral , Snodgrass Colin , Jones Geraint H. , Ivanovski Stavro L. , Postberg Frank , Della Corte Vincenzo , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Muñoz Olga , La Forgia Fiorangela , Levasseur-Regourd Anny-Chantal ,   the Comet Interceptor Team
Published: August 2022

Context.An assessment of the dust environment of a comet is needed for data analysis and planning spacecraft missions, such as ESA’s Comet Interceptor (CI) mission. The distinctive feature of CI is that the target object will be defined shortly before (or even after) launch; as a result, the properties of the nucleus and dust environment are poorly constrained, and therefore make the assessment of the dust environment challenging.

Aims.The main goal of the work is to provide realistic estimations of a dust environment based on very general parameters of possible target objects.

Methods.Contemporary numerical models of a dusty-gas coma were used to obtain spatial distribution of dust for a given set of parameters. By varying parameters within a range of possible values, we obtained an ensemble of possible dust distributions. Then, this ensemble was statistically evaluated in order to define the most probable cases and hence reduce the dispersion. This ensemble can not only be used to estimate the likely dust abundance along a flyby trajectory of a spacecraft, for example, but also to quantify the associated uncertainty.

Results.We present a methodology of the dust environment assessment for the case when the target comet is not known beforehand (or when its parameters are known with large uncertainty). We provide an assessment of dust environment for the CI mission. We find that the lack of knowledge of any particular comet results in very large uncertainties (~3 orders of magnitude) for the dust densities within the coma. The most sensitive parameters affecting the dust densities are the dust size distribution, the dust production rate, and coma brightness, often quantified by Afρ. Further, the conversion of a coma’s brightness (Afρ) to a dust production rate is poorly constrained. The dust production rate can only be estimated down to an uncertainty of ~0.5 orders of magnitude if the dust size distribution is known in addition to the Afρ.

Conclusions.To accurately predict the dust environment of a poorly known comet, a statistical approach needs to be taken to properly reflect the uncertainties. This can be done by calculating an ensemble of comae covering all possible combinations within parameter space as shown in this work.