bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiments of Modelling Subaqueous Landslide Susceptibility in Lake Albano of Castel Gandolfo
Authors: Patera Antonio , Fabbri Andrea G.
Published: December 2024

Our modelling experiments aim at generating and interpreting the prediction patterns of subaqueous landslides within the Lake Albano maar, a complex volcanic depression located southeast of Rome. These patterns, which assess the possibility of future events, are based on the spatial distribution of historical landslide forms within the lake, analyzed in conjunction with continuous field values derived from high-resolution digital elevation models. To establish the mathematical framework for modelling these spatial patterns, we employed empirical likelihood ratios and utilized a fuzzy set function to integrate the spatial relationships, both in the presence and absence of landslide forms in the study area. In constructing our analysis, we deployed a high-resolution raster database to pinpoint the locations of 42 linear and 23 polygonal subaqueous landslide forms generating a digital elevation raster and deriving six topographic-surface continuous fields: aspect, digital elevation model, slope, curvature, planform, and profile. No additional information was available besides the six conditionally dependent continuous fields. Our modelling approach involved evaluating prediction patterns through sequential exclusions of individual landslide occurrences or groups, generating cross-validations with partial prediction patterns. Following comparisons of relative ranks within the prediction patterns, we conducted uncertainty analyses and geological interpretations to identify critically susceptible areas, particularly the topple scarps and landslide scarps surrounding the lower escarpment of Lake Albano. These features are situated within the context of past lahar deposits and suspected catastrophic floods, such as those documented in 398 BC, which impacted the volcanic crater of Lake Albano during Roman times. It is imperative to recognize the multi-hazard context of this region, which poses serious risks to urbanization, recreational activities, and heritage sites. Despite the reclassification of the volcanic crater from extinct to dormant, the potential for future subaqueous landslides underscores the ongoing need for proactive risk management strategies in the area surrounding Lake Albano.
Conclusion: Poetic Stitching, or Recovering the World
Authors: Mills Philip
Published: December 2024

I wish to conclude my investigation with four quotes from various kinds of discourse that all in their own ways aim to reconnect language and the world. They will help me outline what I consider to be the task of a general poetics—a poetic philosophy of language or a philosophy of poetry—after my readings of OLP and contemporary poetry:
Vergleich globaler Argumentationsstrukturen
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden die globalen Strukturen in ihrer Komplexität bewertet und mit der inhaltlichen Güte von Argumentationen in Zusammenhang gebracht. Außerdem werden die Unterschiede in der Komplexität mündlicher und schriftlicher Argumentationen betrachtet und die Auswirkung der unterschiedlichen Anspruchsniveaus zwischen den beiden zu beweisenden Aussagen auf die Komplexität der globalen Strukturen in den Blick genommen.
Auswertungsmethoden
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden die Auswertungsmethoden beschrieben. Zu den Auswertungsmethoden gehören die Rekonstruktionen von Argumentationen (Abschnitt 8.1), die Analyse globaler Argumentationsstrukturen (Abschnitt 8.2), die Untersuchung metakognitiver Aktivitäten (Abschnitt 8.3) sowie Typenbildung und Prototypen (Abschnitt 8.4).
Global solutions of Euler–Maxwell equations with dissipation
Authors: Ducomet Bernard , Nečasová Šárka , Simon John Sebastian H.
Published: December 2024

We consider the Cauchy problem for a damped Euler–Maxwell system with no ionic background. For smooth enough data satisfying suitable so-called dispersive conditions, we establish the global in time existence and uniqueness of a strong solution that decays uniformly in time. Our method is inspired by the works of D. Serre and M. Grassin dedicated to the compressible Euler system.
The interplay between blockchain and big data analytics for enhancing supply chain value creation in micro, small, and medium enterprises
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Akhtar Pervaiz , Ali Syed Imran
Published: December 2024

This study explores the interplay between blockchain-based smart contracts and big data analytics for the supply chain value creation of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). We implement our Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) procedure with the ganache blockchain, and addresses generated by the Metamask wallet. Each supply chain player in the blockchain is assigned a wallet address to observe the hashes created when data is added to the blockchain. Our findings unfold that supply chain value creation emphasises traceability, transparency, security, and profit maximisation interlocked with how effectively companies utilise big data collected through blockchain-based smart contracts. This subsequentially assists managers in using data types and a variety of analytics, spanning from descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive to cognitive analytics. This synergy between the blockchain and the types of analytics provides opportunities to identify new interactions and directions for future research.
Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in selected environmental radioactivity monitoring sites in Singapore
Authors: Wong E. , Tan H. J. , Corcho-Alvarado J. A. , Loh E. , Ong J. , Ong C. Y. , Toh D. , Röllin S. , Gosteli R. , Sahli H. , Furrer V. , Kradolfer S. , Ossola J. , Von Gunten C. , Stauffer M.
Published: December 2024

This paper provides insights into the radioactivity levels in soils and marine sediments from selected monitoring sites in Singapore. The environmental samples were measured for naturally occurring (e.g., 40K, 238U, 235U, 234U and 232Th) and anthropogenic (e.g., 90Sr, 137Cs, 239Pu and 240Pu) radionuclides. Additionally, the 137Cs activity in surface seawater was analysed. In soil, the decay series of 232Th and 238U are the highest contributors to the total radioactivity, while in sediments, 40K is the main contributor to the total radioactivity. The massic activities of anthropogenic radionuclides in soil (90Sr: 0.24–0.34 Bq kg−1; 137Cs: < 0.3–0.65 Bq kg−1; 239+240Pu: 0.002–0.057 Bq kg−1) and sediment (90Sr: 0.15–0.17 Bq kg−1; 137Cs: < 0.46–0.54 Bq kg−1; 239+240Pu: 0.239–0.294 Bq kg−1), and the activity concentration of 137Cs in seawater (137Cs: 1.1 mBq kg−1), are low and comparable to the values reported for the region. The Pu isotope data demonstrates that the main source of anthropogenic radionuclides in soil (240Pu/239Pu atom ratios: 0.17–0.19) is the global fallout from nuclear weapons testings (NWTs); in sediments (240Pu/239Pu atom ratios: 0.24–0.26), contributions from the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) have also been identified. This study also highlights significant differences in radioactivity levels in soils between the northern and central regions of Singapore, which are attributed to soil disturbances in the northern region as a result of intensive anthropogenic activities carried out in the 1980s.
The power of empirical evidence: assessing changes in public opinion on constitutional emergency provisions
Authors: Iwasaki Masaki
Published: December 2024

The Japanese government is attempting to put emergency clauses in the Constitution. Although the overwhelming majority of legal scholars and practitioners vehemently oppose the initiative, public opinion polls indicate a close divide between opponents and supporters. This division may partly stem from the difficulty the public faces in reaching a conclusive decision through abstract legal arguments. Recently, an empirical study analyzing emergency clauses in various countries showed that such clauses tend to increase government violations of human rights and the death toll during disasters. Our survey experiment investigates how presenting such empirical evidence—which corroborates opponents’ legal arguments—as a treatment affects public support for the potential Japanese emergency clauses. We find that the treatment shifts the ratio of opposition to support from roughly 1:1 to 2.6:1. In the placebo group, the proportions of opposition, neutrality, and support are 28.8%, 43.2%, and 28.0%, compared to 47.7%, 33.6%, and 18.7% in the treatment group. Additionally, initial supporters of the clauses shift more toward opposition after the intervention than do opponents or neutrals. These results suggest that should a referendum be held, making the public aware of the empirical analysis could markedly influence the outcome.
Self-Adjointness, Dynamics of Solutions and Conserved Currents of a Multi-Dimensional Nonlinear Fifth-Order Generalized ZK Equation with Dual Power-Laws in an Electron–Positron–Ion Magnetoplasma with Various Life Applications
Authors: Adeyemo Oke Davies
Published: December 2024

Electron–positron–ion plasmas emerge in active galactic nuclei, the primordial Universe, peripheries of neutron stars, and surroundings of black holes. Thus, this article showcases the analytical examination of a multi-dimensional fifth-order generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov model with dual power-law nonlinearities in an electron–positron–ion magnetoplasma. This interesting electron–positron–ion plasma model, with enough nonlinear mathematics and astrophysics/cosmology considerations, is observed to possess various copious real-world scenarios, especially in cosmic plasmas. In essence, a thorough investigation of the model is carried out with a view to see the application of its results in various science and engineering disciplines. Abundant soliton solutions to the models are to be generated, and various wave structures of interest are to be simulated numerically. In the wake of the robust Lie group theory, a comprehensive Lie group analysis of this equation with power-law nonlinearities is further performed. This consequently leads to the emergence of diverse invariants and solutions associated with the model. In addition, the equation is reduced to diverse ordinary differential equations using its point symmetries, and consequently, diverse closed-form solutions of interest are achieved for some particular cases of n. These outcomes are obtained in the form of complex and non-complex dark solitons, topological solitons, as well as various algebraic solutions with arbitrary functions. Moreover, by utilizing the power series method, one derives some series solutions of the understudy models for some specific cases of some of the consequential difficult nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A deep understanding of the found solutions is aided by simulating some of the solutions. Consequently, various soliton collisions ensued, thus giving rise to diverse structures of psychedelic bump waves, parabolic waves, concentric wave shapes with strata, as well as other wave forms of interest which are discussed. The real-world applications of the various achieved wave dynamics are presented in detail to bring the pertinence of the research results home. Thereafter, strict self-adjointness as well as formal Lagrangian formulation, leading to various conservation laws via Ibragimov’s theorem, are entrenched. Consequently, conservation of energy, momentum, and angular momentum is achieved, which has a very wide spectrum of pertinence and significance, especially in the fields of physics and mathematics.
The biodiversity of the Eocene Messel Pit
Authors: Smith Krister T. , Collinson Margaret , Folie Annelise , Habersetzer Jörg , Hennicke Florian , Kothe Erika , Lehmann Thomas , Lenz Olaf K. , Mayr Gerald , Micklich Norbert , Rabenstein Renate , Racicot Rachel , Schaal Stephan F. K. , Smith Thierry , Tosal Aixa , Uhl Dieter , Wappler Torsten , Wedmann Sonja , Wuttke Michael
Published: December 2024

The Messel Pit is a Konservat-Lagerstätte in Germany, representing the deposits of a latest early to earliest middle Eocene maar lake, and one of the first palaeontological sites to be included on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One aspect of Messel that makes it so extraordinary is that its sediments are rich in different fossilised organisms – microfossils, plants, fungi, invertebrate animals and vertebrates – that are rarely preserved together. We present an updated list of all taxa, named or not, that have been documented at Messel, comprising 1409 taxa, which represent a smaller but inexactly known number of biological species. The taxonomic list of Labandeira and Dunne (2014) contains serious deficiencies and should not be used uncritically. Furthermore, we compiled specimen lists of all Messel amphibians, reptiles and mammals known to us. In all, our analyses incorporate data from 32 public collections and some 20 private collections. We apply modern biodiversity-theoretic techniques to ascertain how species richness tracks sampling, to estimate what is the minimum asymptotic species richness, and to project how long it will take to sample a given proportion of that minimum richness. Plant and insect diversity is currently less well investigated than vertebrate diversity. Completeness of sampling in aquatic and semiaquatic, followed by volant, vertebrates is higher than in terrestrial vertebrates. Current excavation rates are one-half to two-thirds lower than in the recent past, leading to much higher estimates of the future excavation effort required to sample species richness more completely, should these rates be maintained. Species richness at Messel, which represents a lake within a paratropical forest near the end of the Early Eocene Climate Optimum, was generally higher than in comparable parts of Central Europe today but lower than in present-day Neotropical biotopes. There is no evidence that the Eocene Messel ecosystem was a “tropical rainforest.”
Rewilding’s social–ecological aims: Integrating coexistence into a rewilding continuum
Authors: Hawkins Sally , Carver Steve , Convery Ian
Published: December 2024

This paper presents results from a grounded theory study of rewilding aims, addressing calls for broad scale studies of rewilding to contribute to the development of guidelines. The grounded theory draws from a broad set of data sourced from rewilding organizations, case studies, and research. Expressions from the data relating to rewilding aims and outcomes were coded. The results demonstrate the intentions for rewilding to affect systemic, ecological, and socio-cultural change. Outcomes to support rewilding aims are also identified. The aims and outcomes are presented under these headings in a social–ecological framework which offers a shared vision for rewilding. The significance of this research is that it demonstrates rewilding’s multi-disciplinarity and engagement with systemic or transformative change. It addresses a perceived paradox between rewilding intervention and non-human autonomy, demonstrating that rewilding is not necessarily about removing human influence but affecting coexistence through more-than-human collaboration. A revised rewilding continuum integrating coexistence is proposed.
Predictors of renal outcomes and mortality in patients with renal vein thrombosis: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Mohamed Osama Nady , Ibrahim Sharehan Abdelrahman , Elsaghir Shereen Mohammed Mohammed , Mohamed Marwa Ibrahim , Fathy Basma , Dardeer Ahmed M. , Shehata Sayed , Mohammed Hassan M. H. , Setouhi Amr , Ahmed Ayat Mostafa Mohamed , Kamel Asmaa Khalf , Ismail Doaa Elzaeem , Abbas Nehal I. , Ziady Ahmed Fathy Kamel , Esmaeel Tamer El Zaeem , Issa Ahmed S. , Yassin Ahmed M. , Hussein Mostafa Mahmoud , Abdelghany Mostafa M. , Nagy Momen Mostafa , Ayad Michael Samuel , Kamel Shaimaa F.
Published: December 2024

Background

Studies on renal vein thrombosis have been conducted as case reports or case series. The renal outcomes and mortality risk of renal vein thrombosis have not been fully established. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and predictors of renal outcomes and mortality in patients with renal vein thrombosis in a large multicenter cohort.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed 182 patients with renal vein thrombosis diagnosed between January 2011 and May 2023 using either Doppler ultrasonography or computed tomography venography. The main outcomes analyzed were all-cause mortality, and worsening kidney function.

Results

We evaluated 182 patients comprising 76 males (41.8%) and 106 females (58.2%). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common cause (51.6%) followed by malignancy (33%) and post-trauma or surgery (11%). Kidney function worsened in 126 patients (69.2%). Acute kidney injury (AKI) was identified in 72 patients (39.6%), whereas 54 patients (29.7%) developed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Multivariate logistic regression showed that declining kidney function was reliably predicted by nephrotic syndrome (Odds ratio (OR): 6.41, P = 0.004), serum albumin (OR: 0.31, P = 0.003), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 14.04, P < 0.001). Eighty-two patients (45.1%) died while being monitored. Sepsis accounted for the majority of deaths (25.3%). Bilateral renal vein thrombosis (Hazard Ratio (HR): 5.61, P < 0.001), malignancy (HR: 6.15, P = 0.004), serum albumin (HR: 0.12, P < 0.001), hemoglobin (Hb) level (HR: 0.102, P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (HR: 2.42, P = 0.007) were all reliable predictors of all-cause mortality using multivariate Cox regression.

Conclusion

Renal vein thrombosis is associated with a higher risk of mortality and worsening kidney function. It is essential to promptly identify high risk patients and start early treatment to prevent unfavorable outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Classification of Automotive Aluminum Scrap into Cast and Wrought Alloys via Particle Size Analysis
Authors: Shankar Shrivatsav , Söderhjelm Carl , Apelian Diran
Published: December 2024

The Aluminum (Al) industry is currently faced with the challenge of significantly reducing the environmental impact of Al production. Secondary Al or Al produced from Al scrap offers a beneficial pathway to lowering the production carbon footprint and energy consumption while transitioning to a circular economy business model. However, mixing of Al scrap streams and introduction of impurity elements at end of life lead to “downcycling” of Al alloys. Downcycling of Al alloys has been the norm in the automotive recycling industry. Automotive Al scrap from auto shredders dubbed “Twitch,” is an amalgamation of different Al alloys, cast as well as wrought alloys. Twitch is traditionally downcycled to low-value Al alloys due to the complexities in separating the Twitch into various alloy families as well as difficulties in blending and producing high-value Al alloys from scrap. This paper provides a framework and an approach that uses size gating, mass, and image analysis to separate the wrought and cast alloys within the Twitch feedstock and provides a simpler and a cost-effective means of separation of the scrap stream.

Graphical Abstract
From 2015 to 2023: How Machine Learning Aids Natural Product Analysis
Authors: Shi Suwen , Huang Ziwei , Gu Xingxin , Lin Xu , Zhong Chaoying , Hang Junjie , Lin Jianli , Zhong Claire Chenwen , Zhang Lin , Li Yu , Huang Junjie
Published: December 2024

In recent years, conventional chemistry techniques have faced significant challenges due to their inherent limitations, struggling to cope with the increasing complexity of and volume of data generated in contemporary research endeavors. Computational methodologies represent robust tools in the field of chemistry, offering the capacity to harness potent machine learning (ML) models to yield insightful analytical outcomes. This review examines the integration of machine learning into natural product chemistry from 2015 to 2023, highlighting its potential to overcome the inherent limitations of traditional chemical techniques. We present a structured approach that matches specific natural product challenges—such as component determination, concentration prediction, and classification—with suitable ML models, including regression, classification, and dimension reduction methods. Our objective is to illustrate how ML pipelines, from data preprocessing to model evaluation, enhance both qualitative and quantitative analyses, providing a comprehensive framework, with the potential catalyze a transformation in the field of natural product analysis.
Bragg scattering of surface-gravity waves by an ice shelf with rolling surface morphology
Authors: Konovalov Yuri V.
Published: December 2024

The propagation of elastic-flexural–gravity waves through an ice shelf is modeled using full three-dimensional elastic models that are coupled with a treatment of under-shelf sea-water flux: (i) finite-difference model (Model 1), (ii) finite-volume model (Model 2) and (iii) depth-integrated finite-difference model (Model 3). The sea-water flow under the ice shelf is described by a wave equation involving the pressure (the sea-water flow is treated as a “potential flow”). Numerical experiments were undertaken for an ice shelf with ‘rolling’ surface morphology, which implies a periodic structure of the ice shelf. The propagation of ocean waves through an ice shelf with rolling surface morphology is accompanied by Bragg scattering (also called Floquet band insulation). The numerical experiments reveal that band gaps resulting from this scattering occur in the dispersion spectra in frequency bands that are consistent with the Bragg’s law. Band gaps render the medium opaque to wave, that is, essentially, the abatement of the incident ocean wave by ice shelf with rolling surface morphology is observed in the models. This abatement explains the ability of preserving of ice shelves like the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic, from the possible resonant-like destroying impact of ocean swell.
From Biblical Semantics to Theology: Divine and Human כעס and קנאה
Authors: Seri-Levi Ariel
Published: December 2024

Scholarship assumes no significant differences among various “terms for anger” in the Hebrew Bible, but it does assume an essential difference between human and divine anger. This article challenges these preconceptions by presenting a novel semantic analysis of כעס, considered a “term for anger.” It shows that in Classical Biblical Hebrew, כעס does not denote anger but rather sorrow or insult associated with קנאה, “jealousy.” This analysis leads to a new, deeper, and more precise understanding of the phrase “to cause כעס to Yhwh” and of its meaning in biblical literature and theology in general and in Deuteronomistic writings in particular.
From The Creators of Knowledge to the Specialists of Spirit: Anti-Clericalism in Iran’s Modernist Intellectual Discourse (1925–1941)
Authors: Zarrinnal Navid
Published: December 2024

In the early twentieth century, the Iranian Reza Shah state (1925–1941), in conjunction with the emerging group of state-trained scholars, called the status of ulama as knowledge producers into question. Existing scholarship has primarily examined the impact of state modernization on the Muslim clergy and their responses to modernization but has paid lesser attention to the passive role of the ulama or their representation in modernist intellectual and literary discourses. I examine two major Persian sources of the period to argue that intellectual representation of the ulama, in both polemics and academic critique, aided the state in its attempt to push the ulama from the center of intellectual and social life to the margins of ritual purity. Among my primary sources is a previously unexamined academic thesis authored by Qasim Tuysirkani in 1938.
“Tragic Presentiments”: Maksim Gor΄kii and the Invention of Soviet Humanism
Authors: McConnell Alexander
Published: December 2024

Soviet citizens perusing their daily copies of Pravda or Izvestiia on May 23, 1934, would have come across an essay by the famous writer Maksim Gor΄kii with an unusual title: “Proletarskii gumanizm” (Proletarian Humanism). Perhaps intrigued by this funny sounding but clearly important foreign word, inquisitive readers might have turned to the recently published first edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE), which provides two entries for humanism: one referring to “a conventional but not sufficiently precise term used to characterize the culture of the Renaissance epoch, or some aspect thereof,” and a second, much shorter entry concerning “a modern movement in the theory of knowledge that arose in the early twentieth century in connection to pragmatism.” Neither entry makes any mention of proletarian, socialist, or Soviet varieties of humanism. Indeed, according to the BSE, Renaissance humanism inevitably “exhausts its progressive possibilities, degenerates, and becomes a conservative and reactionary force,” remaining “alien to the broad masses and even a significant part of the bourgeoisie.”
Antoni Słonimski's UNESCO: On the Uses of International Organizations in Cold War Poland
Authors: Kunakhovich Kyrill
Published: December 2024

“The world of today is torn asunder by a great dispute,” the Polish author Czesław Miłosz wrote in 1951. On one side lay the east, “under the domination of Moscow,” and on the other the west, encompassing the rest of the globe. “Trampled down by History—that elephant,” Poles found themselves sequestered in the east. Unless, like Miłosz, they had somehow “escaped” to the west, they were doomed to live “behind the iron curtain” in a “hermetically sealed . . . Eastern world.” Thanks partly to Miłosz's influence, this Cold War vision of a bifurcated world has thoroughly shaped scholarship on postwar Poland and the rest of eastern Europe. In recent years, however, it has been increasingly contested. Historians no longer speak of “parting” or “raising” the Iron Curtain but rather see this boundary as “nylon,” “airy,” and “porous.” They have uncovered an array of east-west ties as well as linkages along a different axis, north to south. These works belie the old idea of a “hermetically sealed . . . Eastern world” and also restore agency to its inhabitants. No longer “trampled down by history,” Poles now appear as “global citizens” who could “be part of the larger world and transcend the Cold War divide.” And yet one key way of transcending this divide still remains largely overlooked. While scholars explore points of contact between blocs in a “world . . . torn asunder,” they have been less attentive to the institutions that bound that world together: international organizations.
Who Won in 1989? Approaching the Canon of Czech Art History from a Feminist Perspective
Authors: Placáková Marianna
Published: December 2024

Drawing on the classic question of feminist art history, this article asks how and by whom the contemporary canon of Czech art history was constructed, and when the exclusion of women artists of the 1980s generation from it took place. It shows that the 1960s generation of women artists emerged from the disruption of the traditional gender order in the Stalinist era. In contrast, the generation of women artists who entered the art scene in the 1980s was disadvantaged by the declining power of art institutional structures and the growing importance of informal networks for career success in late socialism. Their lack of social capital, combined with the re-emergence of macho culture in the 1980s art scene, the persistence of traditional gender roles in the home, and the loss of more substantial state support for artistic production after 1989, led to their “invisible” role in the post-1989 art world.
Constraints on the Observability of Energetic Neutral Atoms From the Magnetosphere‐Atmosphere Interactions at Callisto and Europa
Authors: Haynes C. Michael , Tippens Tyler , Simon Sven , Liuzzo Lucas
Published: December 2024

We investigate the emission of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the magnetosphere‐atmosphere interactions at Europa and Callisto that may be observed by an ENA imaging instrument. To do so, we combine the draped electromagnetic fields from the AIKEF hybrid model with a tracing tool for the energetic magnetospheric parent ions. Using a realistic viewing geometry, synthetic ENA images are generated for multiple detector positions and orientations with respect to the magnetospheric field. At both moons, we investigate the ENA emission morphology at different distances to the center of Jupiter's plasma sheet. By generating ENA images for uniform electromagnetic fields as a baseline, we also constrain the influence of field line draping and induction signals on the observable ENA emission signatures. Our major findings are: (a) In uniform fields, regions of elevated ENA flux in the images populate segments of a ring around each moon's disc. (b) The radial and angular extensions of these segments decrease with growing magnetospheric field strength. (c) The angle between the detector's boresight vector and the ambient field determines the regions of the images populated with elevated ENA flux. (d) Non‐uniformities in the fields are discernible in the ENA images only when Europa and Callisto are located near the center of Jupiter's plasma sheet. Even in this case, the visibility of such features is restricted to certain viewing geometries. (e) Anisotropies in the moons' atmospheric density profiles produce gradients in the observable ENA emissions. This facilitates a global characterization of these neutral envelopes through ENA imaging.
Three‐Dimensional Unstructured Magnetization Vector Inversion and Modeling of Planetary Equivalent Toroidal Currents for Earth’s Magnetic Field Analysis
Authors: Zuo Boxin , Hu Xiangyun , Wang Lizhe , Cai Yi , Kass Mason Andrew
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a pioneering methodology for modeling the Earth’s geomagnetic field, departing from traditional reliance on current loops by employing a three‐dimensional (3‐D) geometric equivalent toroidal current source. We propose a 3‐D unstructured magnetization vector inversion method aimed at inverting the geomagnetic vector field data set to construct an equivalent magnetization source. Subsequently, this constructed source is utilized to solve for the distribution of equivalent toroidal currents. Our objective is to elucidate and analyze potential distributions of toroidal currents within the core space. Diverging from conventional practices that estimate only seven parameters for a current loop, our research undertakes the inversion of millions of current parameters across the entire 3‐D core space. This strategy eliminates the need for presuppositions regarding the current’s positions or its topological characteristics, significantly enhancing our capability to depict the possible geometry of toroidal currents. These advancements show considerable promise for modeling the geomagnetic field with high precision, transforming complex equivalent sources into more comprehensible forms, and offering profound implications for our understanding of Earth’s magnetic environment.
Understanding the Seismic Signature of Transtensional Opening in the Reykjanes Peninsula Rift Zone, SW Iceland
Authors: Büyükakpınar Pınar , Isken Marius Paul , Heimann Sebastian , Dahm Torsten , Kühn Daniela , Starke Juliane , López Comino José Ángel , Cesca Simone , Doubravová Jana , Gudnason Egill Árni , Ágústsdóttir Thorbjörg
Published: December 2024

We analyze seismicity and centroid moment tensors (CMTs) on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, during the early phase of a widespread unrest period that led to multiple fissure eruptions between 2021 and 2024. We use a dense temporary seismic array, together with fiber‐optic distributed acoustic sensing data, and incorporate first‐motion polarities into the CMT inversion to improve accuracy, generating a total of 300 robust CMT solutions for magnitudes , focusing on 83 reliable earthquakes for interpretation. The CMTs predominantly exhibit shallow strike‐slip faulting, with a few normal faulting events compatible with tectonic stress. Interestingly, significant positive isotropic components are resolved, contributing up to 15% of the moment release. We also develop a new high‐resolution seismic catalog of 34,407 events and show that larger shallow earthquakes at the plate boundary are preceded by the slow upward migration of microearthquakes from below, suggesting that intruding magmatic fluids interact with the oblique plate boundary to trigger slow slip events. We interpret our results as the seismic response to transtensional motion at the plate boundary in the brittle upper crust under shear, in response to stress changes induced by the intrusion of pressurized fluids in the lower crust. The complex interaction of multiple subparallel dikes with the plate boundary fault contributes to a broader deformation band that accommodates both tectonic and magmatic stresses. While the location and magnitude of the CMTs correlate with reactivated surface fractures and faults, the locations of intense, deep microseismic swarms indicate the sites of future fissure eruptions.
Virtual reality-assisted prediction of adult ADHD based on eye tracking, EEG, actigraphy and behavioral indices: a machine learning analysis of independent training and test samples
Authors: Wiebe Annika , Selaskowski Benjamin , Paskin Martha , Asché Laura , Pakos Julian , Aslan Behrem , Lux Silke , Philipsen Alexandra , Braun Niclas
Published: December 2024

Given the heterogeneous nature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the absence of established biomarkers, accurate diagnosis and effective treatment remain a challenge in clinical practice. This study investigates the predictive utility of multimodal data, including eye tracking, EEG, actigraphy, and behavioral indices, in differentiating adults with ADHD from healthy individuals. Using a support vector machine model, we analyzed independent training (n = 50) and test (n = 36) samples from two clinically controlled studies. In both studies, participants performed an attention task (continuous performance task) in a virtual reality seminar room while encountering virtual distractions. Task performance, head movements, gaze behavior, EEG, and current self-reported inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity were simultaneously recorded and used for model training. Our final model based on the optimal number of features (maximal relevance minimal redundancy criterion) achieved a promising classification accuracy of 81% in the independent test set. Notably, the extracted EEG-based features had no significant contribution to this prediction and therefore were not included in the final model. Our results suggest the potential of applying ecologically valid virtual reality environments and integrating different data modalities for enhancing robustness of ADHD diagnosis.
Neuropsychological profiles of patients suffering from hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD): A comparative analysis with psychedelic-using and non-using controls
Authors: Leistenschneider Georg , Majić Tomislav , Reiche Simon , Riemer Thomas G.
Published: December 2024

Classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin are showing promising effects in treating certain psychiatric disorders. Despite their low toxicity and lack of an addictive potential, in some individuals, psychedelics can be associated with persisting psychological harms. Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is one of those complications, a rare disorder characterized by enduring perceptual symptoms without impaired reality control. While the phenomenological aspects of HPPD have been characterized, the neuropsychological consequences have remained understudied. This study probes the neuropsychological profiles of eight individuals with HPPD, utilizing a comprehensive test battery. Performance is benchmarked against normative data and compared with two control groups, each comprising eight matched subjects—with and without prior psychedelic use. The assessment of individual performances revealed below average results in tests of visual memory and executive function in some subjects. No significant differences were observed in alpha-adjusted comparisons with controls, whereas unadjusted analyses were suggestive of impaired executive functions among HPPD patients. Together, these preliminary results underline the need for further focused research into the neuropsychological dimensions of HPPD.
No impairment of quality of life after radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Meier Maria M. , Koelbl Oliver , Gruber Isabella
Published: December 2024

There are concerns that radiotherapy for prostate cancer influences health-related quality of life in the long term. Furthermore, it is unclear whether postoperative radiotherapy is associated with a different quality of life due to a higher treatment burden compared to patients having received definitive radiotherapy for prostate cancer. This study enrolled 247 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer who received external radiotherapy between 2011 and 2021. Health-related quality of life was assessed at a median of 63.6 months after radiotherapy using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) with 145 patients returning questionnaires (response rate, 58.7%). Four patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy were excluded due to the small number, resulting in 141 participants who received salvage radiotherapy (70 men) or definitive radiotherapy (71 men). The study compared the quality of life with age- and sex-matched German normative data. Patients completed the questionnaires after a median time of 60.3 and 65.2 months after salvage and definitive radiotherapy. The median patient age was higher in the definitive than in the salvage radiotherapy group (at radiotherapy, 72 vs. 69 years; at the survey, 79 vs. 75 years). Global health status, functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive, and social), and symptom scales were not different between cancer patients of the same age group treated with salvage and definitive radiotherapy. The comparison with age- and sex-matched normative data revealed that salvage and definitive radiotherapy did not impair the global health status in patients of any age group. Physical functioning in patients < 70 years was significantly better in salvage and definitive radiotherapy groups compared to normative data while showing clinical relevance. Yet, social functioning was significantly lower in patients ≥ 70 years of the salvage radiotherapy group compared to normative data, while this difference lacked clinical significance. Regardless of the type of radiotherapy applied, cancer patients had no statistically or clinically relevant higher symptom burden compared to normative data. Quality of life was not clinically relevant influenced by radiotherapy, regardless of whether patients received salvage or definitive radiotherapy. Yet, longitudinal measurements of quality of life after radiotherapy are required to detect fluctuations in quality of life.
Transition-metal-free dibenzoxazepinone synthesis by hypervalent iodine-mediated chemoselective arylocyclizations of N-functionalized salicylamides
Authors: Miyamoto Naoki , Kikushima Kotaro , Sasa Hirotaka , Katagiri Ten , Takenaga Naoko , Kita Yasuyuki , Dohi Toshifumi
Published: December 2024

This study reports the chemoselective arylocyclizations utilizing two distinct types of hypervalent iodine reagents, resulting in the synthesis of dibenzoxazepinones under transition-metal-free conditions.
The volcanic relationship of model phthalocyanine molecular catalysts in the CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Jiangfang , Xu Yang , Wei Anqi , Reinhold Julian Skagfjörd , Wei Lixin , Shi Lei , Zhang Yushuo , Wang Chong , Zhang Bo , Liu Song
Published: December 2024

A volcano relationship on metal phthalocyanine is constructed by density functional theory and experimental results, which leads to the mild adsorption energy of cobalt phthalocyanine located at the apex.
High Néel temperature and magnetism modulation in 2D pentagon-based XN2 (X = B, Al, and Ga) structures with spin-polarized non-metallic atoms
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2024

The symmetric distributions of spin density based on unpaired electrons within covalent bonds of a couple of nitrogen atoms.
Electrochemical regioselective synthesis of sulfonyl 2,5-dihydrofuran-fused spiropyrimidines via multi-component radical cascade reactions
Authors: Yang Qi-Liang , Xu Rong-Yi , Ni Cheng-Yang , Liu Xin , Qiao Zu-Lin , Zhang Qi-Ying , Wang Dong-Chao , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: December 2024

In this work, we developed an efficient, eco-friendly electrochemical three-component one-pot method for the regioselective preparation of polysubstituted 2,5-dihydrofuran-fused spiropyrimidines with valuable –SO2R and –OR functional groups.
A turn-on benzothiazole-based fluorescent probe for rapid cysteine detection in living cells
Authors: Wang Kaimin , Dong Jianning , Sun Leilei , Tu Yayi , Pu Shouzhi , Fan Congbin
Published: December 2024

A structurally defined, ultra-stable turn-on benzothiazole-type probe that can be used to recognize Cys in calf serum and living cells.
LMCT–homolysis-enabled C–H functionalization of arylamines
Authors: He Qiping , Yan Wenxin , Yu Xianglin , Huang Xinxiang , Liu Chang , Jiao Yinchun , Jin Yi
Published: December 2024

A metal-catalyzed, photo-LMCT-mediated method for para-Csp2–H functionalization of arylamines, enabling selective C–S/Se, C–O, and C–C bond formation for one-step, simple, and highly regioselective arylamine functionalization.
Solar cells sensitized with doubly concerted companion dyes with optimized donors to achieve high efficiencies up to 12.5%: a record efficiency for iodine electrolyte-based DSSCs
Authors: Li Zhemin , Lu Qingjun , Zhang Yuqian , Li Qizhao , Wu Wenjun , Li Shijun , Wang Hailong , Jiang Jianzhuang , Li Chengjie , Xie Yongshu
Published: December 2024

An alkyl chain protected fluorenyl indoline donor was employed to improve the photovoltaic performance of doubly concerted companion dyes.
Tailor-made hygroscopic photothermal organogels for moisture management and evaporative cooling through a 1D-to-3D design
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Shuai , Li Jingjing , Sun Yuke , Li Zhaojun , Murto Petri , Wang Zhihang , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: December 2024

Hygroscopic photothermal organogels featuring versatile 1D to 3D architectures were designed and optimized to achieve cyclic water vapor sorption/desorption, effective evaporative cooling, and highly customizable personal thermal management.
How is CO2 hydrogenated to ethanol on metal–organic framework HKUST-1? Microscopic insights from density-functional theory calculations
Authors: Zhang Bikun , Jiang Jianwen
Published: December 2024

Through DFT calculations, we quantitatively and explicitly elucidate the fundamental mechanism involved in CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol on HKUST-1.
Enhancing lithium metal battery safety and performance: a thermally stable poly(aryl ether benzimidazole) separator with 2D-functionalized boron nitride for 3000 hours lithium plating/stripping
Authors: Zhang Guanghao , Xian Dongxia , Hussain Shabab , Zhang Bin , Lin Wenjie , Xiang Xiongzhi , Wang Lei
Published: December 2024

The Li/OPBI@f-BN/Li cell maintained long-term stability for 3000 hours, and the cells assembled with the OPBI@f-BN separator achieved a high specific capacity of 153.98 mA h g−1.
Effect of water treatment on microstructure and magnon thermal transport in spin ladder compound Sr12Y2Cu24O41
Authors: Li Shuchen , Chen Xi
Published: December 2024

We show that water-induced decomposition reduces magnon thermal conductivity in a spin-ladder polycrystal, while the absence of grain boundaries or a metal coating prevents degradation, ensuring stability for thermal management applications.
The self-activated LiGa5O8 storage phosphor: insights into its photo/thermo/mechano-stimulated NIR luminescence
Authors: Jia Min , Zhang Xiangyu , Yang Xue , Lin Zehao , Jia Dingjun , Wang Yuqiang , Yun Sining , Gao Dangli
Published: December 2024

Based on first principles calculations and experiments, a mechanism was proposed to enhance the anisotropy of physical properties, reduce the bandgap, and make the traps caused by stress/defects shallower on the basis of theoretical calculations.
Big2Small: Learning from masked image modelling with heterogeneous self‐supervised knowledge distillation
Authors: Wang Ziming , Han Shumin , Wang Xiaodi , Hao Jing , Cao Xianbin , Zhang Baochang
Published: December 2024

Small convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based models usually require transferring knowledge from a large model before they are deployed in computationally resource‐limited edge devices. Masked image modelling (MIM) methods achieve great success in various visual tasks but remain largely unexplored in knowledge distillation for heterogeneous deep models. The reason is mainly due to the significant discrepancy between the transformer‐based large model and the CNN‐based small network. In this paper, the authors develop the first heterogeneous self‐supervised knowledge distillation (HSKD) based on MIM, which can efficiently transfer knowledge from large transformer models to small CNN‐based models in a self‐supervised fashion. Our method builds a bridge between transformer‐based models and CNNs by training a UNet‐style student with sparse convolution, which can effectively mimic the visual representation inferred by a teacher over masked modelling. Our method is a simple yet effective learning paradigm to learn the visual representation and distribution of data from heterogeneous teacher models, which can be pre‐trained using advanced self‐supervised methods. Extensive experiments show that it adapts well to various models and sizes, consistently achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance in image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation tasks. For example, in the Imagenet 1K dataset, HSKD improves the accuracy of Resnet‐50 (sparse) from 76.98% to 80.01%.
Significantly enhanced DC breakdown strength and high‐temperature resistivity of cross‐linked polyethylene through alloying polystyrene strategy
Authors: Ahmed Muneeb , Zhong Lisheng , Gao Jinghui , Li Fei , Xu Nuo , Li Wenpeng , Cao Liang
Published: December 2024

Developing a stable insulation material stands as a crucial challenge for high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation. This work proposes an alloying strategy to significantly enhance the breakdown strength and high‐temperature resistivity of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE). The strategy involves blending low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) with polystyrene (PS), resulting in a polymeric alloy. Confirmation of PS alloying within XLPE is supported by observed shifts in polyethylene miller indices (110) and (200) planes. The dicumyl peroxide used as a crosslinking agent demonstrates an ideal 1.41% enhancement in LDPE‐PS crosslinking. The integration of aromatic ethers in the cross‐linked network enhances temperature stability. Alloying PS at 220°C in XLPE leads to improved inter‐molecular interactions and increased interfacial area, creating a sea–island morphology that resolves voids and limits defect or crack propagation by forming additional trapping sites. The enhanced breakdown strength and reduced conductivity of XLPE‐PS are attributed to increased deep trapping sites and reduced carrier mobility resulting from alloying. The reduced conductivity at 70°C and 90°C demonstrates stability under electric fields. Remarkable breakdown strength improvements of 27.5% and 23.6% are observed at 30°C and 50°C. The proposed alloying strategy suggests replacing XLPE with advanced XLPE‐PS, offering promising prospects for HVDC insulation.