bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apology mismatch: An experimental approach to Japan's apologies to Korea
Authors: Yeung Victoria Wai Lan , David Roman
Published: October 2022

Since 1965, Japan has issued numerous apologies to Korea, which however failed to resonate with the Korean public. To investigate this puzzle, this paper analyses the structure of these apologies and empirically examines their reception in Korea. Blatz et al.'s (Political Psychology, 2009, 30, 219) classification of components of political apologies was applied to conduct a qualitative analysis of 63 official apology statements by Japan to Korea and identify the most frequently used components (Study 1). Korean participants (N = 210) were randomly presented with an experimental vignette consisting of a major apology component to examine their psychological responses, and they also ranked the importance of each major apology component (Study 2). Results showed that while Koreans viewed admission of wrongdoing as an essential and the most demanded component of apology, it was paradoxically the least frequent component offered by Japan in reality.
Miners on the move
Authors: BOLAY MATTHIEU
Published: October 2022

The expansion of gold mining in West Africa transforms miners’ relations to space and time as they move frequently from one mining site to the next. Whereas labor, reproduction, and social integration are expected to be durably organized through the social institutions of marriage, mentorship, and friendship, itinerant miners recast these institutions in a compressed and nonbinding form. As evictions from illegal mines multiply, miners create a life across ephemeral spaces by turning the financial and social resources accruing in intimacy into portable anchorages. They engage in relationships that mimic institutions of village life but whose significance is detached from long‐term local prospects. Thus, young men find themselves constructing adult manhood while on an indefinite journey. Despite the risks and indeterminacy that characterize their labor, they seek to regain a sense of agency and reconcile antagonist temporalities and moralities of exchange that extraction progressively disrupts.
Video recording of hand surgeries using a field of view (FOV) matching USB camera module and smartphone in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Park Hyun Sik , Park Bo Young
Published: October 2022

Background

As the online medium has gained in popularity due to the recent coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, video recording of surgical procedures has become crucial in medical education. Various methods for recording are available but many require professional equipment and experienced personnel. Here, we propose a feasible and acceptable method for video recording of surgeries.

Methods

An M12 mount USB camera, which is based on an Android micro‐USB, was utilized. The device was purchased from a website for $32–$40. The camera was mounted between the eyes of the binocular loupes. Surgical procedures were recorded with the camera. The optimal settings were determined according to the types of surgeries.

Results

We recorded the following surgical procedures: radial artery superficial palmar branch (RASP) free flap harvest, carpal tunnel release, and free flap operation. The default values were retained for all settings, but the highest image quality (1080 p) was selected with an 8 mm lens. The camera battery was sufficient to record each surgery in its entirety.

Conclusions

The USB camera produced high‐quality videos that perfectly matched the surgeon's field of view without the need for additional staff for recording. This low‐cost equipment could be widely employed for the recording of educational videos for surgeons, especially in the era of COVID 19.
Contrasting Principal Stratum and Hypothetical Strategy Estimands in Multi-Period Crossover Trials with Incomplete Data
Authors: Matthews John N.S. , Bazakou Sofia , Henderson Robin , Sharples Linda D.
Published: October 2022

Complete case analyses of complete crossover designs provide an opportunity to make comparisons based on patients who can tolerate all treatments. It is argued that this provides a means of estimating a principal stratum strategy estimand, something which is difficult to do in parallel group trials. While some trial users will consider this a relevant aim, others may be interested in hypothetical strategy estimands, that is, the effect that would be found if all patients completed the trial. Whether these estimands differ importantly is a question of interest to the different users of the trial results. This paper derives the difference between principal stratum strategy and hypothetical strategy estimands, where the former is estimated by a complete-case analysis of the crossover design, and a model for the dropout process is assumed. Complete crossover designs, that is, those where all treatments appear in all sequences, and which compare t treatments over p periods with respect to a continuous outcome are considered. Numerical results are presented for Williams designs with four and six periods. Results from a trial of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (TOMADO) are also used for illustration. The results demonstrate that the percentage difference between the estimands is modest, exceeding 5% only when the trial has been severely affected by dropouts or if the within-subject correlation is low.
BAIAP2L1 accelerates breast cancer progression and chemoresistance by activating AKT signaling through binding with ribosomal protein L3
Authors: Deng Ning , Zhang Xiupeng , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2022

BAI1‐associated protein 2‐like 1 (BAIAP2L1), also known as insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate, modulates the insulin network; however, its function in breast cancer has not been explored. Immunohistochemical analysis of 140 breast cancer specimens (77 triple‐negative and 63 nontriple‐negative cases) indicated that BAIAP2L1 expression was higher in breast cancer tissues (56/140, 40%) than in normal breast tissues (28.3%, 15/53; p < 0.001). BAIAP2L1 expression in breast cancer was correlated with triple‐negative breast cancer (p = 0.0013), advanced TNM stage (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001), and poor patient prognosis (p = 0.001). BAIAP2L1 overexpression could accelerate breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and stemness in vivo and in vitro, possibly through the activation of AKT, Snail, and cyclin D1. Treatment with the AKT inhibitor LY294002 reduced the effects of BAIAP2L1 overexpression on breast cancer cells. BAIAP2L1 may bind to the AA202‐288 of ribosomal protein L3 (RPL3) within its SRC homology 3 (SH3) domain, the loss of which may abolish the transduction of the AKT signaling pathway by promoting the degradation of PIK3CA. Moreover, BAIAP2L1 overexpression may induce chemotherapy resistance, with BAIAP2L1 expression being higher in patients with advanced Miller grades than those with lower grades. Our results indicated that BAIAP2L1 promotes breast cancer progression through the AKT signaling pathway by interacting with RPL3 through its SH3 domain.
A systematic literature review for the prediction of anticancer drug response using various machine‐learning and deep‐learning techniques
Authors: Singh Davinder Paul , Kaushik Baijnath
Published: October 2022

Computational methods have gained prominence in healthcare research. The accessibility of healthcare data has greatly incited academicians and researchers to develop executions that help in prognosis of cancer drug response. Among various computational methods, machine‐learning (ML) and deep‐learning (DL) methods provide the most consistent and effectual approaches to handle the serious aftermaths of the deadly disease and drug administered to the patients. Hence, this systematic literature review has reviewed researches that have investigated drug discovery and prognosis of anticancer drug response using ML and DL algorithms. Fot this purpose, PRISMA guidelines have been followed to choose research papers from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sciencedirect websites. A total count of 105 papers that align with the context of this review were chosen. Further, the review also presents accuracy of the existing ML and DL methods in the prediction of anticancer drug response. It has been found from the review that, amidst the availability of various studies, there are certain challenges associated with each method. Thus, future researchers can consider these limitations and challenges to develop a prominent anticancer drug response prediction method, and it would be greatly beneficial to the medical professionals in administering non‐invasive treatment to the patients.
A qualitative evaluation of the mechanisms of action in an early childhood parenting programme to prevent violence against children in Jamaica
Authors: Francis Taja , Packer Dania , Baker‐Henningham Helen
Published: October 2022

Background

Violence against children (VAC) is a global public health problem, and parenting programmes are a key strategy to reduce VAC at home. We developed and evaluated a preschool‐based, early childhood, violence prevention, parenting programme (the Irie Homes Toolbox) in Jamaica and reported significant reductions in parents' use of VAC [Effect size (ES) = −0.29] and increases in parents' positive practices (ES = 0.30). This study presents qualitative findings on the mechanisms of action of the programme.

Methods

As part of a cluster randomized trial, 115 parents from nine preschools participated in the Irie Homes Toolbox parenting programme. The programme consisted of eight 90‐min sessions with groups of six parents and focussed on strengthening parent–child relationships, understanding children's behaviour, using appropriate discipline strategies and understanding and managing emotions. We conducted in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with a stratified random sample of 28 parents (two to four parents per school) and with nine preschool teachers (one teacher per preschool). Topic guides were developed to explore participants' perspectives of the mechanisms of action of the programme. All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and data were analysed using the framework approach.

Results

The most salient direct pathways to reduced VAC by both parent and teacher reports were through parents' use of alternative strategies to manage child misbehaviour and through improved parent well‐being, especially parents' self‐management skills. Other factors leading to reduced VAC by parents, reported by both parents and teachers, included self‐identification as an ‘Irie parent’, use of proactive parenting strategies and improved child behaviour. Parents reported that the main factors leading to continued use of VAC were their inconsistency in using positive discipline strategies and poor emotional self‐regulation.

Conclusion

Reports from participating parents and preschool teachers indicate that contents related to parental self‐management and how to use positive discipline strategies to manage child misbehaviour were important factors on the pathway to reduced VAC.
Microsecretory adenocarcinoma: Cutaneous counterpart of a newly described salivary gland tumor with recurrent MEF2C::SS18 fusion
Authors: Panse Gauri
Published: October 2022

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a distinctive low‐grade salivary gland tumor with a novel MEF2C::SS18 fusion. Although MSA most commonly occurs in the oral cavity, cases of MSA involving skin have been described recently. Histopathologically, MSA is characterized by microcystic tubules with basophilic luminal secretions, a fibromyxoid stroma and cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm, and a unique immunohistochemical profile (S100+, SOX10+, p63+, and p40−). Cutaneous MSA may rarely demonstrate high‐grade features. Follow‐up studies have shown MSA to be an indolent tumor, without local recurrence or metastasis after complete surgical excision in the vast majority of cases. It is important to recognize the histopathological features of this unique tumor with a novel MEF2C::SS18 fusion that may occur in skin and to utilize appropriate molecular studies for accurate diagnosis.
Assessing the environment for engagement in health services: The Audit for Consumer Engagement (ACE) tool
Authors: Chauhan Ashfaq , Newman Bronwyn , Walpola Ramesh Lahiru , Seale Holly , Manias Elizabeth , Wilson Carlene , Harrison Reema
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Although it is widely accepted that the physical environment can impact health quality and care outcomes, its impact on consumer engagement with health services has not been examined. Currently, no tools exist that assess the opportunities for consumer engagement offered within the physical environment. We aimed to develop and validate an environmental audit tool to assist health services and researchers to assess the extent to which the physical environment in health services creates and supports opportunities for consumer engagement.

Method

An iterative, team‐based approach in partnership with diverse stakeholders was used to develop the Audit for Consumer Engagement (ACE) tool. A four‐stage process consisting of desktop review, concept clarification, identification of domains and validation was implemented. The tool was validated in one cancer service via face and content validation and inter‐rater reliability was also assessed.

Results

The ACE tool was demonstrated to comprise four main domains (access and signage information; resources for consumers; resources to support diversity; and consumer engagement events or activities) measured with 17 items. Face and content validity was achieved, and preliminary reliability analysis indicated substantial agreement between the two researchers for all four domains with an average of 86% agreement.

Conclusion

The ACE is a novel tool that is practical, relevant and reliable, and developed in partnership with consumers and health service providers. The tool can be used by health service providers, researchers and consumer agency groups to assess opportunities for consumer engagement offered within the physical environment of cancer services. The ACE tool has the potential to be used as a guide for enhancing consumer engagement opportunities and for research purposes. Further evidence about the validity of the tool is required, including criterion‐related validity and utility in other health settings.

Patient/Public Contribution

This project is part of a wider ‘CanEngage’ project that includes a consumer investigator and is supported by a consumer advisory group. This study was completed in active partnership with members of a consumer advisory group from diverse backgrounds. Feedback was sought from the members throughout the development process of the tool with findings discussed with the CanEngage group members in scheduled meetings.
Using consumer engagement strategies to improve healthcare safety for young people: An exploration of the relevance and suitability of current approaches
Authors: Newman Bronwyn , Joseph Kathryn , McDonald Fiona E. J. , Harrison Reema , Patterson Pandora
Published: October 2022

Background

Consumer engagement in health care is recognized as a critical strategy to minimize healthcare‐associated harms, however, little research has focussed on strategies to engage young people in healthcare safety. This study explores the suitability of commonly used engagement strategies, such as brochures, interactive bedside charts or apps, for young people (14–25 years) to improve their healthcare safety, with a focus on cancer care.

Methods

Four qualitative online workshops were conducted (N = 19). Two workshops included young people who had experienced cancer (n = 6) and two workshops included staff who support young people who had experienced a diagnosis of cancer (n = 12). Evidence from a systematic review was used to develop case studies of existing strategies as a topic guide for the online workshops. Data were analysed using a framework method and template analysis approach.

Results

Thematic analysis against the analytic framework led to the development of four principles for engagement with young people: empowerment, transparency, participatory culture and flexibility. The transition from being ‘looked after’ to young people being responsible for their own care was an integrative theme which intersected all elements of the framework.

Conclusion

For service providers to engage with young people about safety issues in cancer services, the strategies employed need to be tailored to consider the transitional nature of being an adolescent or young adult. A systemic approach that incorporates flexible, tailored engagement strategies, education and empowerment of young people and healthcare providers is required to engage effectively with young people about safety in healthcare. These findings may have implications beyond cancer care.

Patient or Public Contribution

Workshop content was developed with and by the CanEngage team, including the Consumer Advisory Group, who reviewed content and inform wider project priorities.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase type 5b in newly diagnosed prostate cancer with bone metastasis: A real‐world multi‐institutional study
Authors: Yamamichi Gaku , Kato Taigo , Yumiba Satoru , Tomiyama Eisuke , Koh Yoko , Nakano Kosuke , Matsushita Makoto , Hayashi Yujiro , Ishizuya Yu , Watabe Tadashi , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Ujike Takeshi , Ono Yutaka , Takada Tsuyoshi , Takada Shingo , Imamura Ryoichi , Nonomura Norio , Uemura Motohide
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Approximately, 90% of men with advanced prostate cancer will develop bone metastasis. However, there have been few reports about noninvasive biomarker to detect and predict clinical outcome of bone metastasis (BM) in prostate cancer patients.

Methods

We examined 1127 patients who underwent prostate biopsy from August 2012 to June 2017. We also investigated bone turnover markers such as bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen cross‐linked N‐terminal telopeptide, C‐terminal pyridinoline cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase type 5b (TRACP 5b).

Results

A total of 282 patients were diagnosed as prostate cancer with complete clinical data, and 34 patients with bone metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed C‐terminal pyridinoline cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase type 5b, and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) were independent biomarkers in detection of BM (p < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, we developed predictive model formula based on tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase type 5b and PSA, for which the area under the curve was 0.95. In patients with bone metastasis, multivariate cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that this model was significantly associated with poor clinical outcome of cancer‐specific survival (p < 0.05). In validation cohort with 137 patients, we also confirmed the utility of this model for diagnosis of BM (the area under the curve = 0.95).

Conclusions

Our developed formula of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase type 5b in accordance with PSA may serve as the useful tool in diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcome for prostate cancer with bone metastasis.
Multi‐decade national cohort identifies adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes associated with acute respiratory illness hospitalisations during the influenza season
Authors: Duque Jazmin , Howe Anna S. , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Petousis‐Harris Helen
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation that pregnant women be prioritised for seasonal influenza vaccination, coverage in the Western Pacific Region remains low. Our goal was to provide additional data for the Western Pacific Region about the value of maternal influenza vaccination to pregnant women and their families.

Methods

We conducted a 16‐year retrospective cohort to evaluate risks associated with influenza‐associated maternal acute respiratory infection (ARI) in New Zealand. ARI hospitalisations during the May to September influenza season were identified using select ICD‐10‐AM primary and secondary discharge codes from chapter J00–J99 (diseases of the respiratory system). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We identified 822,391 pregnancies among New Zealand residents between 2003 and 2018; 5095 (0.6%) had ≥1 associated ARI hospitalisation during the influenza season; these pregnancies were at greater risk of preterm birth (aHR 1.50, 95% CI 1.39–1.61) and low birthweight (aHR 1.64, 95% CI 1.51–1.79) than pregnancies without such hospitalisations. We did not find an association between maternal ARI hospitalisation and fetal death (aHR 0.96, 95% CI 0.69–1.34) during the influenza season. Maternal influenza vaccination was associated with reduced risk of preterm birth (aHR 0.79, 95% CI 0.77–0.82), low birthweight (aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83–0.90) and fetal death (aHR 0.50%, 95% CI 0.44–0.57).

Conclusion

In this population‐based cohort, being hospitalised for an ARI during the influenza season while pregnant was a risk factor for delivering a preterm or a low birthweight infant and vaccination reduced this risk.
Phosphorylation‐mediated PI3K‐Art signalling pathway as a therapeutic mechanism in the hydrogen‐induced alleviation of brain injury in septic mice
Authors: Bai Yuanyuan , Li Li , Dong Beibei , Ma Wanjie , Chen Hongguang , Yu Yonghao
Published: October 2022

Our previous studies illustrated that 2% H2 inhalation can protect against sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) which is characterized by high mortality and has no effective treatment. To investigate the underlying role of protein phosphorylation in SAE and H2 treatment, a mouse model of sepsis was constructed by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), then treated with H2 (CLP + H2). Brain tissues of the mice were collected to be analysed with tandem mass tag‐based quantitative proteomics coupled with IMAC enrichment of phosphopeptides and LC–MS/MS analysis. In proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis, 268 differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) showed a change in the phosphorylated form in the CLP + H2 group (p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis revealed that these DPPs were enriched in multiple cellular components, biological processes, and molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that they were enriched in glutamatergic synapses, tight junctions, the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway, the HIF‐1 signalling pathway, the cGMP‐PKG signalling pathway, the Rap1 signalling pathway, and the vascular smooth muscle contraction. The phosphorylated forms of six DPPs, including ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6), tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase/tryptophan 5‐monooxygenase activation protein gamma (Ywhag/14–3‐3), phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (Pten), membrane‐associated guanylate kinase 1 (Magi1), mTOR, and protein kinase N2 (Pkn2), were upregulated and participated in the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway. The WB results showed that the phosphorylation levels of Rps6, Ywhag, Pten, Magi1, mTOR, and Pkn2 were increased. The DPPs and phosphorylation‐mediated molecular network alterations in H2‐treated CLP mice may elucidate the biological roles of protein phosphorylation in the therapeutic mechanism of H2 treatment against SAE.
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), a new species of deep‐water grouper from the west coast of Australia
Authors: Moore Glenn I. , Wakefield Corey B. , DiBattista Joseph D. , Newman Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

A new species of deep‐water epinephelid fish is described from the west coast of Australia based on 14 specimens, 99–595 mm standard length. Hyporthodus griseofasciatus sp. nov. is endemic to Western Australia from Barrow Island to Two Peoples Bay in depths of 76–470 m. It has a series of eight grey bands alternating with eight brown bands along the body and the soft dorsal, soft anal and caudal fin margins are pale cream to white. It is distinguished from its nearest congener, H. ergastularius, by the presence of a star‐like pattern of radiating lines on the head versus an overall brownish colour in the latter as well as significant differences in the quantitative analyses of 25 morphological characters. The two species have allopatric distributions on either side of the Australian continent. H. griseofasciatus is distinguished from H. octofasciatus by several grey bands being distinctly narrower than other grey bands (vs. all grey bands subequal in the latter) and the presence of broad white margins on the dorsal, caudal and anal fins (vs. narrow or absent in the latter). Some scale counts appear to also differ. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences revealed reciprocally monophyletic clades with fixed differences and genetic distances typical of recently diverged species of fishes.
Understanding influence and action in Learning and Action Alliances: Experience from the Newcastle Blue‐Green vision
Authors: O'Donnell Emily C. , Snelling Andrea M. , Lamond Jessica E.
Published: October 2022

The Learning and Action Alliance (LAA) framework is increasingly valued as an approach to facilitate social learning and action by enabling collaboration within and between organisations, breaking down barriers to information sharing and facilitating co‐development of innovative visions to address key environmental and societal challenges. While the social learning potential of LAAs has been documented in detail, the role of ‘action’ is relatively unexplored and there is little research into how LAAs might evolve over time to ensure longevity. Here, we explore the key achievements and limitations of the Newcastle LAA (established in 2014) through interviews with 15 LAA members. We find that interpretations of the concept of ‘action’ influences perceptions of the LAA's success. We update the structural framework of the LAA and expand the implementation phase to better reflect the agents of change that impact the LAAs' ability to apply their vision to demonstration projects. Finally, we explore the longevity of the Newcastle LAA and conclude that after running for 8 years, there may be a cyclical nature to whole‐group visioning and a move towards greater intra‐organisational learning. This demonstrates a shift in the primary role of the LAA over time, from learning towards greater influence and action.
Outcomes of 1‐MCP combined with aerosolization of ε‐polylysine antimicrobials on storage quality of flat peach
Authors: Shao Limei , Jia Xiaoyu , Zhang Peng , Li Chunyuan , Li Jiangkuo
Published: October 2022

Fruit decay and deterioration in overall quality are the main problems of preserving peaches after they are harvested. In this article, the outcomes of 1‐MCP combined with polylysine atomization on Xinjiang flat peaches were evaluated. Distilled water atomization treatment, 1,000 mg/L polylysine atomization treatment for 10 min and 1,000 mg/L polylysine atomization treatment for 20 min were employed. Results showed that the combined treatment using 1‐MCP and polylysine helped to delay the fruit decay rate, respiration, ethylene production, respiration intensity, organic acids, soluble solids, hardness, and microorganisms. Furthermore, reactive oxygen metabolism of O2− and OH− was inhibited. A combined treatment can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity during almond storage, and thus improve shelf life. Therefore, 1‐MCP combined with polylysine atomization treatment is necessary to control fruit rotting and to extent the storage life.
Lobularity rather than hyperechoic foci/stranding on endoscopic ultrasonography is associated with more severe histological features in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Inomata Noriko , Masuda Atsuhiro , Yamakawa Kohei , Takenaka Mamoru , Tsujimae Masahiro , Toyama Hirochika , Sofue Keitaro , Sakai Arata , Kobayashi Takashi , Tanaka Takeshi , Yamada Yasutaka , Ashina Shigeto , Gonda Masanori , Abe Shohei , Masuda Shigeto , Uemura Hisahiro , Kohashi Shinya , Nagao Kae , Harada Yoshiyuki , Miki Mika , Nakano Ryota , Shiomi Hideyuki , Kanzawa Maki , Itoh Tomoo , Fukumoto Takumi , Kodama Yuzo
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings of the pancreatic parenchyma, such as hyperechoic foci/stranding and lobularity, may be associated with the severity of chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, the correlation between parenchymal EUS findings and histology remains unclear. We designed a large‐scale retrospective study analyzing over 200 surgical specimens to elucidate the association between parenchymal EUS findings and histological features.

Methods

Clinical data of 221 patients with pancreatobiliary tumors who underwent preoperative EUS and pancreatic surgery between January 2010 and November 2020 were reviewed to investigate the association between parenchymal EUS findings and histological features at the pancreatic body. None of these patients met the definition of CP.

Results

Of the 221 patients, 87 (39.4%), 89 (40.2%), and 45 (20.4%) had normal EUS findings, hyperechoic foci/stranding without lobularity, and hyperechoic foci/stranding with lobularity, respectively. In the multivariate analyses, parenchymal EUS findings significantly correlated with histological CP findings of fibrosis, inflammation, and atrophy (hyperechoic foci/stranding without lobularity vs hyperechoic foci/stranding with lobularity, odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 4.1 [2.2–7.9] vs 31.3 [9.3–105.6], Ptrend < 0.001; 3.9 [1.9–8.2] vs 21.8 [8.0–59.4], Ptrend < 0.001; and 4.0 [2.0–7.8] vs 22.9 [7.0–74.5], Ptrend < 0.001, respectively). Further, a trend toward higher histological grade was observed in the following order: normal findings, hyperechoic foci/stranding without lobularity, and hyperechoic foci/stranding with lobularity.

Conclusions

Endoscopic ultrasonography findings of the pancreatic parenchyma may be associated with the histological conditions in CP, such as pancreatic fibrosis, inflammation, and atrophy. Lobularity reflects more severe histological conditions than does hyperechoic foci/stranding.
Automated evaluation of ASPECTS from brain computerized tomography of patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Scavasine Valéria Cristina , Ferreti Lucas Andrade , da Costa Rebeca Teixeira , Leitao Cleverson Alex , Teixeira Bernardo Correa , Zétola Viviane de Hiroki Flumignan , Lange Marcos Christiano
Published: October 2022

Background and Purpose

Precise evaluation of brain computerized tomography (CT) is a crucial step in acute ischemic stroke evaluation. Electronic Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (E‐ASPECTS) helps in the selection of patients who may be eligible for thrombolysis. This paper seeks to assess the performance of emergency physicians (EPs) in the evaluation of ASPECTS scores with and without the use of E‐ASPECTS and to compare their results with neuroradiologists.

Methods

A total of 116 patients were selected. Initially, two EPs and two neuroradiologists evaluated the admission nonenhanced CT without E‐ASPECTS. Then, after 30 days, they re‐evaluated the images using E‐ASPECTS. Sensitivity, specificity, Matthew's correlation coefficients (MCC), and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for analysis before and after the software use.

Results

Eps’ performances improved when they used E‐ASPECTS, with their results closer to those obtained by neuroradiologists. In the initial evaluation, MCC values for the two EPs were –0.01 and 0.04, respectively. After the software assistance, they obtained 0.38 and 0.43, respectively, which was closer to the scores obtained by the neuroradiologists (0.53 and 0.39, respectively).

Discussion

This is the first study that has specifically compared neuroradiologists’ and EPs’ performances before and after using E‐ASPECTS. E‐ASPECTS assisted and improved the evaluation of the images of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence in the emergency room may increase the number of patients treated with tissue‐type plasminogen activators.
Relationship of biglycan and decorin expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Wang Wei , Piao Songlin , Shen Yuchen , Li Zhengmiao , Ding Wentong , Li Jichen , Saiyin Wuliji
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study focused on investigating relation between biglycan (BGN) and decorin (DCN) expression and prognostic outcome for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases.

Material and Methods

BGN and DCN mRNA and protein expression was detected by qRT‐PCR and Western‐blotting (WB) assays from 31 OSCC samples as well as healthy samples. This work harvested 101 paraffin‐embedded OSCC together with 30 healthy samples, and conducted immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for assessing pathological changes. Association of DCN with BGN within OSCC was explored by Spearman's analysis. Survival rate was explored by Kaplan–Meier (KM) approach. Multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox regression.

Results

WB and qRT‐PCR results showed BGN up‐regulation (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001) whereas DCN down‐regulation (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001) with fresh OSCC tissues; the expression of BGN and DCN associated with the OSCC histopathological grade. IHC results suggested elevated BGN level (p < 0.0001) whereas DCN down‐regulation (p < 0.0001) with paraffin embedded OSCC tissues. The expression of BGN and DCN associated with histopathologic grades and tumor stage of OSCC. The result of Spearman's analysis demonstrated significant association between the expression of BGN and DCN in OSCC. Survival analysis revealed that patients with higher BGN/lower DCN level showed poor overall survival (OS) as well as tumor‐specific survival (TSS). Multivariate analysis proved that BGN and DCN independently predicted the prognosis of OS and TSS.

Conclusion

BGN and DCN expression levels can be adopted for predicting OSCC prognostic outcome.
Homework Stress and Learning Disability: The Role of Parental Shame, Guilt, and Need Frustration
Authors: Katz Idit , Alesi Marianna , Moè Angelica
Published: October 2022

Using a cross‐sectional design, this study examined the relationships between parental guilt, shame, need frustration, and homework stress in students with learning disabilities (LD) and typically developing students (TD) and their parents. One hundred and eight parent‐child dyads (54 LD, 54 TD) completed questionnaires to assess homework stress, parental need frustration, guilt, and shame. Parents of students with LD reported more stress, need frustration, shame, and guilt than parents of TD students. For the LD group, shame mediated the association between parental need frustration and parental and child stress whereas guilt mediated the association between parental need frustration and parental stress. The theoretical and practical implications for lessening homework stress for students with LD and their parents are discussed.
The stringent starvation protein SspA modulates peptidoglycan synthesis by regulating the expression of peptidoglycan synthases
Authors: Lou Jie , Cai Jingxiao , Hu Xiao , Liang Yanqun , Sun Yijuan , Zhu Yiling , Meng Qiu , Zhu Tingheng , Gao Haichun , Yu Zhiliang , Yin Jianhua
Published: October 2022

The peptidoglycan (PG) layer of bacterial cells is essential for maintaining the cell shape and survival of cells; therefore, the synthesis of PG needs to be spatiotemporally controlled. While it is well established that PG synthesis is mediated posttranslationally through interactions between PG synthases and their cognate partners, much less is known about the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding these synthases. Based on a previous finding that the Gram‐negative bacterium Shewanella oneidensis lacking the prominent PG synthase exhibits impaired cell wall integrity, we performed genetic selections to isolate the suppressors. We discovered that disrupting the sspA gene encoding stringent starvation protein A (SspA) is sufficient to suppress compromised PG. SspA serves as a transcriptional repressor that regulates the expression of the two types of PG synthases, class A penicillin‐binding proteins and SEDS/bPBP protein complexes. SspA is an RNA polymerase‐associated protein, and its regulation involves interactions with the σ70‐RNAP complex and an antagonistic effect of H‐NS, a global nucleoid‐associated protein. We also present evidence that the regulation of PG synthases by SspA is conserved in Escherichia coli, adding a new dimension to the current understanding of PG synthesis and its regulation.
Why can't we predict traits from the environment?
Authors: Anderegg Leander D. L.
Published: October 2022

Plant functional traits are powerful ecological tools, but the relationships between plant traits and climate (or environmental variables more broadly) are often remarkably weak. This presents a paradox: Plant traits govern plant interactions with their environment, but the environment does not strongly predict the traits of plants living there. Unpacking this paradox requires differentiating the mechanisms of trait variation and potential confounds of trait–environment relationships at different evolutionary and ecological scales ranging from within species to among communities. It also necessitates a more integrated understanding of physiological and evolutionary equifinality among many traits and plant strategies, and challenges us to understand how supposedly ‘functional’ traits integrate into a whole‐organism phenotype in ways that may be largely orthogonal to environmental tolerances.
Biomechanical analysis of maxillary anterior teeth movements during different retracting methods with a lever arm miniscrew system in double‐slot lingual brackets: A finite element method study
Authors: Wang Dongcai , Li Boxiu , Xu Yi , Dong Xingtao , Jiang Xianfeng , Wu Jianlei , Liu Yunfeng
Published: October 2022

Objective

The objective of the study was to find the most effective retracting method for the six maxillary anterior teeth with double‐slot lingual brackets using a lever arm and miniscrew system.

Methods

Six finite element models were constructed: (A) a ribbon‐wise archwire with a lever arm; (B) a ribbon‐wise archwire with a lever arm and a sectional edgewise archwire; (C) a ribbon‐wise archwire and a sectional edgewise archwire with a lever arm; (D) an edgewise archwire with a lever arm; (E) an edgewise archwire with a lever arm and a sectional ribbon‐wise archwire; and (F) an edgewise archwire and a sectional ribbon‐wise archwire with a lever arm. Initial displacements of maxillary teeth driven by a 1.5 N retraction force to the lever arm were analysed.

Results

In models B, C, E and F, anterior torque loss and inter‐canine distance increases were significantly lower than that of the models without auxiliary archwires. In models C and F, the main archwire was less likely deformed. In models A, B and C, the displacement of canines in sagittal and vertical directions were less than in models D, E and F.

Conclusions

The combination of edgewise and ribbon‐wise archwires in double‐slot lingual brackets effectively preserves the anterior arch shape. An edgewise archwire with lever arms on the auxiliary sectional ribbon‐wise archwire is recommended for better performance in anterior teeth retraction.
Histopathological and histomorphometric analysis of glandular odontogenic cyst‐A diagnostic aid
Authors: Heiliczer Shimrit , Shmuly Tom , Avishai Gal , Zlotogorski‐Hurvitz Ayelet , Vered Marilena , Mamber Letizia , Kaplan Ilana
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Compare recognized microscopic parameters, including variations in width, plaque‐like thickenings, intra‐epithelial microcysts, clefts, mucous, hob‐nail, ciliated and clear cells, between glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) and GOC‐like cysts, investigate the extent of cyst circumference exhibiting these features, and inflammation.

Materials and Methods

Archival records of cysts with histological features of GOC evaluated between 2000 and2020 were retrieved. Slides were revised, and the expression of features throughout the cyst wall was analyzed. Cysts with at least 5 features were classified as GOC, cysts with 3–4 features as GOC‐like.

Results

The study included 74 cysts, 47 males M, 25 females (2 unknown gender), aged 19–81 years, 62 (83.8%) GOC, 12 (16.2%) GOC‐like. Mandible was involved in 44 (59.5%), maxilla in 30 (40.5%), 18 (25%) were associated with unerupted teeth. Cyst classified as GOC had significantly higher rates of all parameters investigated, (except ciliated and clear cells), than GOC‐like cysts (p ≤ 0.05). 26 (40.6%) cases showed GOC features in >50% of cyst circumference, 21 (32.8%) involved 25–50%, 17 (26.6%) <25%. More than 50% circumference involvement was highly and independently predictive for a diagnosis of GOC, <25% was highly and independently predictive for GOC‐like (p = 0.003). Hobnail cells (p = 0.008) and plaque‐like thickenings (p = 0.038) were significantly more frequent in inflamed cysts.

Conclusion

Besides the number and type of histological features, GOC can be characterized by their distribution within the cyst circumference (focal Vs diffuse), and it may serve as a new diagnostic aid. It is suggested that GOC and GOC‐like may represent a single spectrum.
Dexmedetomidine‐associated diabetes insipidus during skull base surgery in a pediatric patient
Authors: Reynolds Emily G. , Van Decar Lauren M. , Sharpe Emily E. , Harbell Monica W. , Kraus Molly B.
Published: October 2022

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria due to an inability to auto‐regulate water balance resulting in dangerous metabolic derangements. Intraoperative anesthetics have been increasingly identified as a cause of diabetes insipidus in adult patients; however, it is rare in pediatrics. We present a case of a 16‐year‐old male undergoing resection of a recurrent left juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma who experienced intraoperative polyuria concerning diabetes insipidus. Urine output drastically decreased following discontinuation of dexmedetomidine with complete resolution within 24 h. We conclude that this case of transient diabetes insipidus was associated with dexmedetomidine administration.
Off‐label pharmacological treatment for neuropathic pain: A Delphi study by the Spanish Pain Society Neuropathic Pain Task Force
Authors: Serrano Ancor , Gálvez Rafael , Paremés Elena , Navarro Ana , Ochoa Dolores , Pérez Concepción
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The use of off‐label pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain (NP) is growing relating to the many unmet needs of patients. However, clinical guidelines fail to address it, and the available evidence is sparse and fragmented. We arranged a formal expert consensus to address this controversial issue and provide some guidance on judicious use.

Methods

A two‐round standard Delphi survey that involved pain clinic specialists with experience in the research and management of NP was done over an ad hoc 40‐item questionnaire prepared by the authors. Consensus on each statement was defined as at least either 80% endorsement or rejection after the second round.

Results

Forty‐three and thirty‐seven panelists participated in the first and second round, respectively. Consensus was reached in 34 out of 40 statements. Endorsed alternatives for unresponsive patients include non‐gabapentinoid antiepileptics (oxcarbazepine and eslicarbazepine), venlafaxine, intravenous lidocaine (when doses can be optimized), and some vaporized cannabinoids (under appropriate surveillance). In addition, lacosamide, low‐dose naltrexone, propofol, or ketamine could prove beneficial if subjected to more research. Other options were rejected, and there was controversy about the usefulness of topical preparations.

Discussion

For patients who do not respond to standard NP treatments, some other viable pharmacological options can be attempted before advancing to other therapeutic stages. This may help patients who are reluctant to or have some contraindication for interventional therapies.
Experience with enterococcal meningitis/ventriculitis in children
Authors: Çay Ümmühan , Alabaz Derya , Özgür Gündeşlioğlu Özlem , Kibar Filiz , Çetin Ceren , Oktay Kadir
Published: October 2022

Background

Enterococcal infections are increasingly common in hospitalized patients. Enterococcal meningitis/ventriculitis (EMV) is an extremely rare condition of enterococcal infections, occurring particularly in children. This study investigated the clinical and microbiological characteristics, predisposing factors, and prognosis in pediatric patients with EMV.

Methods

Pediatric patients (<18 years) diagnosed with EMV were retrospectively evaluated over 10 years.

Results

The study included a total of 25 isolates from 24 patients, median age 23 months (range: 1–136 months). The most common symptoms included vomiting, fever, and headache, with hydrocephalus shunt and preterm birth being the two most common conditions. Commonly associated infections, with central nervous system (CNS) devices as a predisposing factor, were due to external ventricular drainage and ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Two patients with spontaneous meningitis were preterm infant. Of the isolates, 44% were Enterococcus faecalis, 44% E. faecium, and 12% E. gallinarum. Five (20%) isolates were vancomycin resistant. Twelve patients were resistant to anti‐enterococcal antibiotics, including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, teicoplanin, gentamicin, and linezolid (40%, 20%, 8%, 8%, 4%, and 4%, respectively). Enterococcus faecium was more resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin than E. faecalis. The median treatment duration was 17 days (interquartile range: 14–26 days).The mortality rate was 8.3% (2/24; both associated with vancomycin resistance).

Conclusions

Neurosurgical conditions are the most common predisposing factors for EMV. Preterm birth is an important predisposing factor in children. Because EMV is nonspecific in clinical findings, it should be considered when there is an underlying CNS disorder and empirical treatment should begin in this direction.
How people react to their Partners' infidelity: An explorative study
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Constantinou Chryso , Zalaf Alexia
Published: October 2022

Infidelity is relatively common, with culprits not always been able to keep it secret from their partners. Accordingly, the current research aimed to study people's reactions to their partners' infidelity. More specifically, using qualitative research methods on a sample of 226 Greek‐speaking participants, Study 1 identified 94 possible reactions to infidelity. Study 2 employed quantitative research methods on a sample of 757 Greek‐speaking participants, and classified these reactions into 17 broad factors. Among the most probable reactions, were experiencing negative emotions, terminating the relationship, keeping physical distance from the unfaithful partner, and getting more information about the incident. Significant gender and age effects were found for several of the extracted factors. Using second‐order principal components analysis, the extracted factors were classified into four broader domains. The current research contributes to understanding an important aspect of human mating behavior, and its findings could be used to develop better ways to deal with infidelity.