bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-sensitivity Troponin I Measurement in a Large Contemporary Cohort: Implications for Clinical Care
Authors: Esau Daniel , Nord Peter , Abramson Beth L.
Published: January 2025

Background: Contemporary methods of cardiovascular risk stratification are frequently inaccurate. Biomarkers such as high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) have the potential to improve risk stratification. However, uncertainties exist regarding factors that determine hsTnI concentration. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of elevated hsTnI in a large, contemporary Canadian cohort and describe the effect of comorbidities on hsTnI concentration.

Methods: We report a large dataset of 41,602 visits in which hsTnI was measured routinely in ambulatory outpatients. hsTnI was remeasured in 28% of patients, with a mean time between measurements of 387 days (IQR 364-441). Low-, medium-, and high-risk categories were created based on hsTnI cutoffs for each sex. Laboratory data, blood pressure, and anthropomorphic measures were extracted from the electronic medical record

Results: Remeasurement of hsTnI did not change risk category in 92.7% of cases. Male sex, higher HDL-C, higher Hgb A1c, decreasing eGFR, and increasing systolic blood pressure were significant predictors of increased hsTnI. High non-HDL-C and the use of statins were associated with lower hsTnI. The inverse relationship between hsTnI and non-HDL-C was partially corrected when the confounding effect of statin therapy was considered. Model fit was poor (adjusted R-Squared = 0.0091).

Conclusion: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were predictors of serum hsTnI levels, however a significant amount of the variance in hsTnI cannot be explained by these factors alone. This suggests that hsTnI adds additional information that is not provided by traditional risk stratification methods and supports ongoing study of hsTnI as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification.
The relationship between surgical difficulty and postoperative complications in kidney transplantation: establishment of a preoperative prediction model
Authors: Lyu Jingcheng , Hou Yushi , Wang Zhipeng , Zhu Yichen
Published: January 2025

Introduction This study aims to investigate the relationship between surgical difficulty and postoperative complications in kidney transplantation, as well as to develop a preoperative prediction model for assessing surgical difficulty.
Methods This is a prospective cohort included 122 kidney transplant adult recipients. The subjective score for operative difficulty, ranging from 1 to 3 points, served as the quantitative measure of surgical difficulty. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests were employed to investigate the differences in postoperative complications. Additionally, Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between preoperative data and surgical difficulty scores, while multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to develop a prediction model.
Results With the increase of surgical difficulty, the incidence and severity of postoperative complications of kidney transplant recipients increased significantly (1 vs 2, P=0.009; 1 vs 3, P=0.004; 2 vs 3, P=0.004). The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and graft loss was relatively high(1 vs 2, P<0.001; 1 vs 3, P<0.001; 2 vs 3, P=0.131). The source of donor kidney, number of arteries after donor kidney trimming, end resistance index of in vitro perfusion, vascular anastomosis mode of recipient, BMI, and calcification of the vessels to be anastomosed were influencing factors of surgical difficulty. The results of linear regression analysis showed that the difficulty of surgery =0.30 (donated by relatives) +0.48× the number of arteries +0.58× end resistance index of isolated perfusion +0.24× the mode of arterial anastomosis+0.02×BMI+0.17 (calcification of the vessel).
Conclusion Higher levels of difficulty in kidney transplantation are associated with increased incidence and severity of postoperative complications, as well as prolonged recovery times. Concurrently, we developed a predictive model to quantify the difficulty of kidney transplantation and validated its accuracy.
Role of Bailout Gene-Silencing Therapy in Plaque Lipid Reduction: Intravascular Imaging Study
Authors: Trusinskis Karlis , Kokina Baiba , Lapsovs Maris , Karantajere Mairita , Kanasniece Evija , Caunite Laima , Jegere Sanda , Narbute Inga , Sondore Dace , Grave Alona , Kumsars Indulis , Erglis Andrejs
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Insufficient statin/ezetimibe effectiveness for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction is not uncommon. A novel gene-silencing medication inclisiran has been introduced. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows to assess the dynamics of plaque lipid content in the context of optimal lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of optimal hypolipidaemic pharmacotherapy, including add-on inclisiran, on the plasma lipid profile and plaque lipid content.
Methods
This study enrolled patients with stable coronary artery disease, admitted for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). NIRS of the segment of interest was performed during index PCI and 15 months later. Patients having LDL-C >1.8 mmol/l after 4-6 weeks of maximum tolerated statin/ezetimibe therapy received add-on inclisiran. Lipid profile changes within 15 months were also evaluated.
Results
Among 42 included patients, 24 drug resistant hypercholesterolemia participants were assigned to inclisiran therapy. After 15 months, a significant LDL-C decrease of 26.42% was established (p=0.006), with 12 participants reaching the LDL-C goal of <1.8 mmol/l. Average 15-month LDL-C reduction was 36.03%. NIRS data demonstrated a significant reduction in maximum lipid-core burden index within 4 mm (maxLCBI4 mm) in the inclisiran group (-117.64, p=0.004) and statin/ezetimibe group (-141.88, p=0.004), with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.213).
Conclusion
Results demonstrate an association between better LDL-C control and coronary plaque lipid burden reduction. Addition of inclisiran leads to remarkable LDL-C reduction in patients who have run out of statin and ezetimibe treatment options.
Relationship between oxidative balance score and all-cause mortality in hypertension
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Wang Ling , Yan Xiaorong
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Exploring the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and all-cause mortality in hypertension (HTN).
Methods: Data for HTN patients from 2007 to 2018 were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). OBS offers a thorough evaluation of an individual’s redox status, with higher score indicates favorable oxidative homeostasis. All-cause mortality was obtained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2019. Weighted multivariable Cox regression models, Kaplan-Meier curves, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and random survival forests (RSF) analysis were applied to examine the relationship between OBS and all-cause mortality in HTN.
Results: The cohort included 13,130 participants, with 2,132 deaths. Higher OBS was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (HR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.65-0.91) in HTN. The relationship also existed in subgroups of male, having/haven’t chronic kidney disease, and having cardiovascular disease. Kaplan-Meier curves suggested that participants with higher OBS had superior survival rates compared to those with lower intake. The RSF showed a better survival predictive role for physical activity among the components of OBS.
Conclusion: Higher OBS was related to lower odds of all-cause mortality in patients with HTN. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and consuming an antioxidant-rich diet may improve the prognosis of patients with HTN.
Use of biologics to treat asthma during pregnancy and adverse events in pregnant women and newborns: A global pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Jang Wonwoo , Jo Hyesu , Park Jaeyu , Kim Seokjun , Cho Hanseul , Jeong Yi Deun , Son Yejun , Pizzol Damiano , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Yon Dong Keon
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Despite the increasing evidence supporting the use of biologics for treating severe asthma, there is a lack of evidence regarding their use in pregnant women. This study aims to evaluate the safety of biologics for pregnant women, utilizing global pharmacovigilance database.
Methods: Reports documented between 1980 and 2023 were extracted from the VigiBase that mentioned pregnancy- or fetus-related reactions with drugs indicated for asthma, including reslizumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab, dupilumab, benralizumab, and other non-biologics. A disproportionality analysis of case–non-case was conducted by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of adverse maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes associated with exposure to biologics compared with outcomes associated with other non-biologic asthma medications.
Results: A total of 15,715 pregnancy-related reports were analyzed. Reslizumab showed an overall lower reporting frequency of adverse events (ROR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05–0.67). Omalizumab (ROR, 3.88; 95% CI, 3.16–4.77), mepolizumab (ROR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.05–3.36), and dupilumab (ROR, 5.34; 95% CI, 3.90–7.32) commonly showed higher frequencies of spontaneous fetal death. However, these three drugs also had lower frequencies of pregnancy and delivery complications, including preterm birth (omalizumab: ROR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.16–0.31; mepolizumab: ROR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03–0.34; dupilumab: ROR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03–0.17), which are outcomes related to late pregnancy. In contrast, benralizumab (ROR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48–0.99) differed from the other biologics by showing lower frequencies of spontaneous fetal death (ROR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48–0.99) and spontaneous abortion (ROR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29–0.78) but higher frequencies of delivery complications (ROR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02–1.72), including preterm birth (ROR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.14–1.86).
Conclusions: This global case–non-case study underscores the critical need for further well-designed research to investigate these over-reported outcomes and emphasizes the importance of more rigorous monitoring efforts for these adverse events.
Exploring premature greying of hair: A cross-sectional study on prevalence, psychological effects, and contributing factors
Authors: Treesirichod Arucha , Dhanasarnsombat Chainwit , Thongsiri Napat , Thapanakulsak Koraphat , Chanthanumatt Kamolnawin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Premature greying of hair (PGH) is a cosmetic issue affecting youths, and limited research has been conducted on its prevalence and impact in the Thai population. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, psychological impact, and associated factors of PGH.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with volunteering students aged 25 or younger from a Thai university. Participants completed a self-administered survey that included questions on PGH status, psychological effects, and associated factors which include psychological stress, alcohol and cigarette consumption, body mass index, paternal and maternal history of PGH, exercise frequency, and diet.
Results: A total of 441 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of PGH was 47.17%, with an average (sd) onset age of 16.29 (3.08) years. Self-assessment revealed hair greying <25% in 89.42% of all PGH cases. Of those with PGH, 67.31% reported no psychological impact, whilst 25.00% reported self-confidence loss, and 7.69% were bullied. PGH is found to be significantly associated with maternal and paternal history of the condition (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of PGH, with the majority of cases involving less than 25% hair greying and no psychological impact. PGH was found to be significantly associated with both maternal and paternal history.
The Nature of the Homily in the Corpus of Origen: Insights from the Greek Homilies on the Psalms and Jeremiah
Authors: De Cock Miriam
Published: January 2025

In this article, I problematise the scholarly understanding of Origen’s exegetical homilies, typically understood as condensed and simplified versions of his exegetical commentaries for a mixed audience. This assessment was necessarily based mainly on the homiletic material in Latin translation by Rufinus and Jerome, who had condensed and rearranged the material. However, the 2012 discovery of Codex Monancensis 314, Origen’s Homilies on the Psalms, more than doubled the number of Origen’s homilies in the original Greek, thus providing much more material with which to analyse the nature of the homily in Origen’s corpus. I argue that the very technical and textually oriented nature of the Greek homilies on the psalms and Jeremiah, the latter of which were previously the only extant set of Greek homilies, provide evidence that Origen’s target audience was an elite (literate) one, and that the exegetical teacher had the same pedagogical goals in his homilies as he did in his commentaries.
FrontFinder AI: Efficient Identification of Frontal Boundaries over the Continental United States and NOAA’s Unified Surface Analysis Domain Using the UNET3+ Model Architecture
Authors: Justin Andrew D. , McGovern Amy , Allen John T.
Published: January 2025

FrontFinder artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel machine learning algorithm trained to detect cold, warm, stationary, and occluded fronts and drylines. Fronts are associated with many high-impact weather events around the globe. Frontal analysis is still primarily done by human forecasters, often implementing their own rules and criteria for determining front positions. Such techniques result in multiple solutions by different forecasters when given identical sets of data. Numerous studies have attempted to automate frontal analysis through numerical frontal analysis. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have gained more popularity in meteorology due to their ability to learn complex relationships. Our algorithm was able to reproduce three-quarters of forecaster-drawn fronts over CONUS and NOAA’s unified surface analysis domain on independent testing datasets. We applied permutation studies, an explainable artificial intelligence method, to identify the importance of each variable for each front type. The permutation studies showed that the most “important” variables for detecting fronts are consistent with observed processes in the evolution of frontal boundaries. We applied the model to an extratropical cyclone over the central United States to see how the model handles the occlusion process, with results showing that the model can resolve the early stages of occluded fronts wrapping around cyclone centers. While our algorithm is not intended to replace human forecasters, the model can streamline operational workflows by providing efficient frontal boundary identification guidance. FrontFinder has been deployed operationally at NOAA’s Weather Prediction Center.

Significance Statement

Frontal boundaries drive many high-impact weather events worldwide. Identification and classification of frontal boundaries is necessary to anticipate changing weather conditions; however, frontal analysis is still mainly performed by human forecasters, leaving room for subjective interpretations during the frontal analysis process. We have introduced a novel machine learning method that identifies cold, warm, stationary, and occluded fronts and drylines without the need for high-end computational resources. This algorithm can be used as a tool to expedite the frontal analysis process by ingesting real-time data in operational environments.
Emergent numeracy: How the crowd wisdom of non-rounding survey respondents generates accurate immigration estimates
Authors: Deutschmann Emanuel
Published: January 2025

Survey respondents overestimate, on average, the number of immigrants living in their country. This phenomenon, known as immigration innumeracy, seems incompatible with the wisdom-of-crowds effect, which suggests that large samples of individuals should, as a collectivity, be good at estimating such figures. However, this article reveals that crowd wisdom does emerge in a previously overlooked subgroup: non-rounding respondents. Drawing on German and European survey data, it is shown that when round estimates (5, 10, 15, …) are excluded, a subset of “wise” non-rounding respondents remains, who collectively estimate the share of foreigners in their country with astounding precision. Thus, a relevant—and easily identifiable—part of the population is actually collectively immigration numerate. Two potential mechanisms behind this emergent phenomenon are explored. First, regression models reveal that non-rounders are more educated and politically interested than rounders, indicating more informed guesses. Second, simulations show that the coarse-grained nature of round numbers itself can contribute to inaccurate estimates. Using round numbers is thus associated with uncertainty, resulting in biased estimates. Taking the crowd wisdom of non-rounding respondents into account qualifies the extent of immigration innumeracy and improves our understanding of a phenomenon that is often seen as a root cause of xenophobia.
CSR as Hedging Against Institutional Transition Risk: Corporate Philanthropy After the Sunflower Movement in Taiwan
Authors: Cai Yishu , Yue Lori Qingyuan , Lin Fangwen , Yan Shipeng , Yang Haibin
Published: January 2025

Firms with political connections to a regime with an authoritarian history face a dilemma when the regime undergoes a democratic transition. Such connections provide an essential competitive advantage when the regime is in power but become a liability when an institutional transition brings democratic change. This study theorizes that when mass protests expose a regime’s distorted policies favoring elites over others and signal a high probability of regime turnover, firms may hedge against the risks associated with their political connections by engaging in philanthropy. We further contend that this effect is stronger for firms located in regions characterized by the rise of an opposing political party or a strong civil society. We find support for our theory in Taiwan’s 2014 Sunflower Movement. Our article reveals a strategy that firms adopt to survive democratic transitions and thus contributes to research on how firms use non-market strategies to adapt to institutional changes. Our research also shows that strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) can substitute for corporate political activity or compensate for its limitations, and it expands research on the signaling function of social movements from public to private politics.
Axilla Management in Breast Cancer Surgery: Brief Review and Current Practice Recommendations
Authors: Lužaić Karla , Lachanas Konstantinos , Vamvakopoulos Konstantinos-Odysseas , Sidiropoulos Andreas , Vamvakopoulou Dimitra , Nomikos Iakovos
Published: January 2025

The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the axilla in breast cancer patients has changed significantly over the past 30 years, with the replacement of complete axillary lymph node dissection practices by less invasive approaches. Reference is made to clinical findings that have led to practical treatment recommendations and are paving the way to new levels of de-escalation in breast cancer surgery.
Severe Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis as the First Finding in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Incidence and Clinical Predictors
Authors: Attar Armin , Sayadi Mehrab , Hosseinpour Alireza , Assadian Kasra , Beykihosseinabadi Mahya , Abtahian Javad , Aldavood Davar , Nasri Milad , Khosravi Alireza , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Noohi Feridoun , Assareh Ahmadreza , Kazemi Toba , Farshidi Hossein , Khaledifar Arsalan , Abbaszadeh Maryam , Boshtam Maryam , Jannati Mansour
Published: January 2025

Severe left main coronary artery (LMCA) lesions (≥50% stenosis) portend a poor prognosis and require urgent revascularization. In this study, we identified the incidence and clinical predictors of severe LMCA stenosis in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) who had undergone coronary angiography for the first time. Using a nationwide database registry, all the patients with CCS who had undergone coronary angiography were included. Patients were classified based on having severe LMCA stenosis and they were compared based on the recommended therapeutic strategy after angiography. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the potential predictors of a severe LMCA lesion. Among 40,161 patients with CCS, a severe LMCA lesion was detected in a total of 1556 participants (3.87% [3.69; 6.07]). The multivariable logistic regression identified age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04 [1.03;1.04]), male gender (OR:2.56 [2.28; 2.89]), dyslipidemia (OR:1.19 [1.06; 1.34]), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (OR:3.68 [1.06;12.83]) as predictors of a severe LMCA stenosis. Approximately 4% of patients with newly diagnosed CCS may suffer from severe LMCA disease. Age, male gender, dyslipidemia, and PAD are among the predicting factors of a severe LMCA stenosis and can be utilized in risk stratification of patients with CCS at greater risk of severe LMCA stenosis.
Literature Review on the Image of the Communist Party of China in the Past 30 Years: Based on the Bibliometric Analysis of CiteSpace Software
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhao Xinli
Published: January 2025

The image of a political party significantly influences its credibility, soft power, discourse authority and leadership, thus making image building an integral part of party development. The image of the Communist Party of China (ICPC) is an important part of the Communist Party of China and China. This article utilises CiteSpace software to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the ICPC literature in the China Knowledge Network Database to explore the research status and trend. The results show that the research domain of the ICPC has been developing slowly over the past three decades, and it was not until 2021 that the theme began to develop at a high rate. At present, the core authors and institutions in the research field of the ICPC are loosely connected and have not yet formed a stable research team. In summary, the research fields of the ICPC include three themes about the connotation of ICPC, the communication strategy of ICPC and the representative figures of ICPC. The international communication of the ICPC has become a key topic and a frontier direction. This article comprehensively analyses the trend of the research field of the ICPC in the past 30 years and provides valuable research findings for further understanding of the ICPC research trends.
The Talent Development Trajectory of a Persuasive Communicator: A Biological Anthropologist Becomes a Voice for Animal Justice
Authors: Cross Jennifer Riedl
Published: January 2025

Through the lens of the talent development megamodel and the higher mastery framework, this instrumental case study examines the career trajectory of a biological anthropologist, Barbara J. King, who became a persuasive science communicator in the struggle for animal justice. Much of her impact stems from her development in two career paths, one formal and one informal, in biological anthropology and science communication. She developed credibility as a primatologist and academic and was able to apply her experience in the biological anthropology domain to public communication channels to share information about animal cognition and behavior. Through cumulative epiphanies, she came to recognize the value of understanding animals’ lived experience and the need to seek justice for animals. She became confident in her advocacy because of her extensive knowledge base and her teaching and writing skills, which developed through the many opportunities she eagerly pursued. King’s resilience, optimism, patience, curiosity, and motivation combined with confidence in her knowledge base and communication skills to create persuasive communications that challenge the ubiquitous view that animals’ lives are of lesser value than humans’ and they may be used for human purposes. In her dual careers of biological anthropology and science communication, she learned how to share strong evidence from animal research while respecting the individuals receiving her messages. Educators can support development of students’ transformational giftedness by encouraging identity exploration, fostering openness to new ideas, and not limiting their education to the narrow requirements of success within a single domain.
India’s Post-Independence Strategic Culture: A Case Study of India’s Cooperation With the United States and Russia in Military Modernization
Authors: Aryal Saroj Kumar , Bharti Simant Shankar
Published: January 2025

Despite some controversy regarding its usefulness, strategic culture has become a widely accepted phrase in the sense of a ‘shaping framework’ for strategic behaviour. Due to its relevance in attaining a goal, the strategic has become a multidisciplinary term that can be construed in a variety of ways. In the case of India, strategic culture explains why the country has taken a very different approach to national security and foreign policy than other countries in similar situations. Postcolonial India, unlike China or Pakistan, did not seek alliances with strong countries to strengthen its national security, staying ‘nonaligned’ even after major wars in 1962 and 1965. After the rise of the BJP in the Indian government since 2014, although realpolitik and Hindu nationalism provide alternatives to the Nehruvian legacy that has dominated Indian strategic culture, Nehruvianism continues to dominate the country’s strategic thought. Thus, this article aims to access India’s defence cooperation with the United States and Russia, through the lens of strategic culture.
Beyond public work-first support: long-term impact of a privately owned employment programme across educational levels
Authors: Peijen Roy
Published: January 2025

Some unemployed individuals may struggle to match their vocational skills with the current labour demand in a traditional classroom. Exploring alternative workplace approaches may be necessary. A Dutch multinational's vocational employment programme offers an alternative to traditional work-first support for vulnerable unemployed individuals, diverging from forced approaches tied to benefit receipt. This study examines the programme's long-term impact compared to work-first support by analysing post-programme job matches through observed-to-expected wage ratios while controlling for job tenure and contract types. Participants outperformed a work-first control group in improved job alignment up to 10 years. The long-term benefits on career development were particularly pronounced for those with lower education levels, while higher-educated individuals experienced better matches with extended transitions. Results underscore the value of human capital by offering them a temporary workplace in a reputable multinational firm for marginalised job seekers. Expanding such enterprise-led initiatives has the potential to disrupt precarious employment cycles, fostering lasting positive change in vulnerable workers’ careers.
À la croisée des chemins d’Exú : La spectacularisation de la Kimbanda en Argentine
Authors: CARRONE Nahuel Nicolás
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the festive events held to honor the Exus in the Afro-religious variant of Kimbanda in Argentina. Our interest lies not only in understanding the process by which this type of festivity has achieved great popularity, but also because we consider, a priori, that they allow us to know the characteristics that religious systems assume around the perceptions of the actors and the urban contexts in which they are developed. The three axes of this work are the analysis of the characteristics attributed to Exú, the historical reconstruction of the most important events and the properties of the festivities in an urban context in Argentina. We will see that the festive events destined to Exú have been spectacularized through the incorporation of innovative interventions that dialogue with a market of production and consumption, but also with the needs and inequalities that this same model of accumulation generates.
Prime and punishment: Effect of religious priming and group membership on prosocial behavior
Authors: Chhabra Dinesh , Parmar Nadeesh , Sabhapondit Bagmish , Choudhary Tanya
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the influence of religious priming and group membership on prosocial behavior, measured by the willingness to donate to fictitious charities in a hypothetical scenario. A sample of 258 Hindu participants, averaging 21.3 years of age, were engaged in an online study designed on PsyToolkit. The study employed a 3*2 factorial design, wherein participants were subliminally primed with concepts of “reward” and “punishment” within religious contexts through a lexical decision task. Post-priming, individuals were presented with a decision to allocate a portion of a potential lucky draw prize to selected charities, which represented either their religious ingroup or an outgroup. The findings demonstrated that religious priming did not significantly enhance prosocial behavior toward either group. Bayesian analysis supported the absence of an effect for priming and group conditions. Moreover, other variables such as religiosity, sex, and political orientation showed no substantial effect on the likelihood of charitable giving. However, consistent with previous research, past charity behavior emerged as the most salient predictor of prosocial behavior, underscoring the importance of experiential factors in shaping altruistic tendencies. The study reflects on the influence of India’s secular and culturally rich backdrop, which may modulate the propensity to engage in charitable acts, especially when the donations come from unexpected gains rather than one’s own money. It reveals that prosocial behavior is shaped by a mix of situational and personal factors, not just religious beliefs. The research contributes to the understanding of prosocial behavior in diverse religious contexts and the role of personal experience in predicting charitable actions, advocating for further investigation into these dynamics.
A ghost town called Singapore: The politics of geographic storytelling, from the “wild heart of Saugatuck” to “Singapore Dunes, LLC”
Authors: Grant Thomas , Babcock Joshua
Published: January 2025

For over 180 years, Singapore, a town buried under the sands on Lake Michigan’s shore, has sparked imagination—and controversy. Names and naming are integral to the conflict, revealing competing investments in the site as space, place, property, and land. In this piece, we mobilize Indigenous, Black feminist, and anthropological perspectives to track how competing categorizations of the former town deploy names and naming as centerpieces in acts of geographic storytelling that construct narratives both about and beyond the constructed bounds of a Western Michigan community.
From Disciplinary Depth to Interdisciplinary Breadth: The Case of Public Administration
Authors: Wagner Caroline S. , Raadschelders Jos C.N.
Published: January 2025

This article examines the evolution and academic status of Public Administration (PA) as a field of study. Using bibliometric analysis of 66 PA journals from 2008–2018, the authors trace PA's development through three phases: 1) an early developmental period drawing from multiple disciplines (late nineteenth century to 1950s), 2) a more inward-focused disciplinary period establishing theoretical identity (1950s-1990s), and 3) a mature interdisciplinary phase with increased connections to other fields (2000s onward). The study employs epistemic network analysis (ENA) over time to map PA's position within the broader academic landscape. ENA is a method through which connections between various elements can be identified and codified and allows for comparison of different networks ( Shaffir et al. 2016 ). The authors examine cross-citation patterns, betweenness centrality rankings, and citing environments of PA journals over time. They also conduct a detailed analysis of Public Administration Review's citation patterns from 1980–2020 as a case study of PA's evolving interdisciplinary connections. The analysis reveals PA has developed a distinct disciplinary footprint while becoming more integrated with adjacent fields like political science, economics, and management. Citation patterns show PA journals are increasingly cited by and citing other disciplines. The authors argue PA has overcome past criticisms about theoretical quality and isolation, emerging as a “bridging discipline” that connects scientific, organizational, and societal knowledge. The paper concludes that PA has evolved from having little epistemic identity to establishing itself as a legitimate social science discipline, while also becoming more interdisciplinary over time. This trajectory reflects PA's dual nature as both a theoretical field and a problem-oriented, practice-focused study.
A Score Function to Prioritize Editing in Household Survey Data: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Forteza Nicolás , García-Uribe Sandra
Published: January 2025

Errors in household finance survey data collection can lead to inaccuracies in population estimates. Manual case-by-case revision has traditionally been used to identify and edit potential errors and omissions in the data, such as omitted or misreported assets, income, and debts. Selective editing strategies aim at reducing the editing burden by prioritizing cases through a scoring function. However, the application of traditional selective editing strategies to household finance survey data is challenging due to their underlying assumptions. Using data from the Spanish Survey of Household Finances, we develop a machine learning approach to classify data during the editing phase into cases affected by severe errors and omissions. We compare the performance of several supervised classification algorithms and find that a Gradient Boosting Trees classifier outperforms the competitors. We then use the resulting score to prioritize cases and consider data editing efforts into the choice of an optimal classification threshold.
Efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation with modern rehabilitation techniques in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with post-motor dysfunction
Authors: Lin Jie , Liu Lei , Zheng Huifang , Tian Zuojun
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) refers to a sudden loss of blood flow in a region of the brain, which leads to a loss of neurological function.

Purpose

To unveil the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with modern rehabilitation techniques in AIS patients with post-motor dysfunction.

Material and Methods

A total of 200 AIS patients with post-motor dysfunction were divided into groups A, B, C, and D (n = 50). Patients in the four groups were routinely treated with medicine, on this basis: group B received NMES treatment; group C received modern rehabilitation technology treatment; and group D was treated with NMES and modern rehabilitation technology. Rehabilitation effect, cerebral hemodynamic indices, neurological function recovery, Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) scores, self-care, and quality of life were compared.

Results

After treatment, the total effective rate of group D was 96% higher than that of group A (64%), group B (82%), and group C (84%). Bilateral middle cerebral artery Vm and Vs and scores of FMA, MAS, functional independence measure, and modified Barthel index increased; RI and NHISS scores decreased; and all group D improved significantly versus groups A, B, and C, and both groups B and C improved significantly versus group A.

Conclusion

NMES with modern rehabilitation technologies synergistically treat motor dysfunction after AIS with ideal rehabilitation effect, improving cerebral hemodynamics, neurological and limb motor function recovery, and self-care ability and quality of life.
An immersive virtual reality serious game set for the clinical assessment of spatial attention impairments: Effects of avatars on perspective?
Authors: Ajana Khawla , Everard Gauthier , Lejeune Thierry , Edwards Martin Gareth
Published: January 2025

Background

Hemineglect (HN) is a post-stroke condition, frequently defined as an impairment in finding spatial targets within an egocentric frame of reference, where the stimulus is coded relative to the self. However, the egocentric reference frame can change with the presence of another person. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers several advantages over paper-and-pencil tests typically used to assess HN, such as a realistic and controlled environment, standardised stimulus presentation, and sensitive response acquisition. We developed a new serious game in IVR to assess HN. Here we investigated (1) the feasibility and user experience of this serious game, and (2) the effect of the presence of an avatar on HN.

Methods

We first tested a group of 61 control individuals (CI), followed by a group of post-stroke 11 individuals without HN (SI:HN-), 6 with HN (SI:HN+), and 17 resampled age matched group of control individuals (CI). All participants performed the “Peach test”, which required them to find and respond to a target presented among distractors, either alone or in the presence of an avatar. We measured response time (RT) and omissions. The SI:HN- and SI:HN + groups also completed a paper-and-pencil test for HN and a user experience questionnaire.

Results

The first analysis of results with CI showed no differences in responding to the target when in ipsi- compared to contra-lateral spaces, nor in peri- compared to extra-personal spaces. There were also no differences in responding to the target in the no-avatar condition relative to the two avatars conditions. In the second analysis, SI:HN + were slower than SI:HN- and CI. Although an interaction between group and Laterality was predicted, the results showed that there was no Laterality effect for any of the groups. An interaction between group and proximity, showed that both SI groups were slower in the extra- compared to peri-personal spaces. The user experience was globally positively rated by the SI.

Conclusion

We developed a serious game in IVR for the assessment of HN. Although most our findings were inconclusive, the Peach test showed excellent user experience results. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT04694833, Date of registration: 11/24/2020.
The Potential Goods of Moral Failure
Authors: Guth Karen V.
Published: January 2025

This article surveys recent literature in philosophy and Christian ethics to consider how Christian ethics might benefit from attending more robustly to the potential goods of moral failure. Dominant approaches tend to treat moral failure primarily as a problem, analyzing intentions, actions, and consequences to adjudicate moral responsibility and issue action guidance. What, if any, tasks of Christian ethics might such methods neglect? This article brackets concerns about moral judgement to explore this question across four major categories of moral failure: that produced by impossible situations; that produced by structural injustice; that produced because problems overwhelm our capacities for solving them; and that which results from prioritizing ‘morality’ over other moral pursuits or any one moral project at the expense of others. The article highlights goods relevant to each type, identifying the ways moral failure can foster—rather than frustrate—the aims of Christian ethics.
Young People's Future Orientations in Relation to Disability and Experiences With Non-Participation
Authors: Köhler Sina-Mareen , Zschach Maren
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the time and future orientations of adolescents who face challenging life situations due to various disabilities, including visual impairment, chronic disease, and severe learning disabilities. Participants encountered institutional barriers related to their disabilities, which they experienced as “time outs.” Through contrasting cases, we develop a longitudinal typology that connects future orientations with experiences of non-participation from a biographical perspective. Our findings offer insights into the future orientations of young people at increased risk of exclusion, a topic the literature largely overlooks. Based on interviews with young people in Germany during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper explores changes in their perceptions of the future over time. The interviews were conducted and analyzed using the Documentary Method of interpretation to investigate both explicit meaning-making and implicit orientations as part of the habitus. Combined with time-oriented longitudinal research, this relational approach enables a holistic reconstruction of young people's future orientations.
Adjusting for switches to multiple treatments: Should switches be handled separately or combined?
Authors: Gorrod Helen Bell , Mt-Isa Shahrul , Xuan Jingyi , Vandormael Kristel , Malbecq William , Yorke-Edwards Victoria , White Ian R , Latimer Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Treatment switching is common in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Participants may switch onto a variety of different treatments, all of which may have different treatment effects. Adjustment analyses that target hypothetical estimands – estimating outcomes that would have been observed in the absence of treatment switching – have focused primarily on a single type of switch. In this study, we assess the performance of applications of inverse probability of censoring weights (IPCW) and two-stage estimation (TSE) which adjust for multiple switches by either (i) adjusting for each type of switching separately (‘treatments separate’) or (ii) adjusting for switches combined without differentiating between switched-to treatments (‘treatments combined’). We simulate 48 scenarios in which RCT participants may switch to multiple treatments. Switch proportions, treatment effects, number of switched-to treatments and censoring proportions were varied. Method performance measures included mean percentage bias in restricted mean survival time and the frequency of model convergence. Similar levels of bias were produced by treatments combined and treatments separate in both TSE and IPCW applications. In the scenarios examined, there was no demonstrable advantage associated with adjusting for each type of switch separately, compared with adjusting for all switches together.
Interactions of Juveniles with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in The Criminal Justice System: A Systematized Review
Authors: Simon Estefania , Smith Tammy Jorgensen , Dillahunt-Aspillaga Christina
Published: January 2025

Background

Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) encounter a myriad of barriers and challenges when navigating the complexities of the juvenile justice system. Lack of screening and services for youth with I/DD in the juvenile justice system can have long-term negative effects such as recidivism; involvement with the adult justice system; and negative health, educational, and employment outcomes.

Objective

The primary objective of this systematized review was to identify gaps in the literature pertaining to the interactions of juveniles with I/DD within the criminal justice system.

Methods

A systematized literature review was conducted utilizing the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria included articles published between 2013 and 2023, in English, involving youth (under 18) with I/DD in the juvenile justice system.

Results

Seventy-three articles were identified. Of those, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The studies provide insight into prevalence, offense types, severity, comorbidities, risk factors, recidivism, service provision, and competency to stand trial.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, no previous systematized review has examined the intersection of youth with I/DD and the criminal justice system. This systematized review functions as an initial comprehensive examination of the existing literature, consolidating and analyzing research related to I/DD in the juvenile justice system. Findings, implications for policy and practice, and future directions are presented.
Histological and Molecular Manifestations of Cleft Myopathy
Authors: Huang Yixuan , He Pinting , Li Jinggui , Dou Jinfeng , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao , Zheng Qian , Cheng Xu
Published: January 2025

Objective

Apart from rupture and displacement of muscle fibers, structural defects exist in cleft muscles but have not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to examine the histological and molecular features of the cleft muscles.

Design

Orbicularis oris (OO) and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscle samples were obtained from patients with cleft lip and alveolar. The non-cleft OO muscles were obtained from patients with facial trauma. Myofiber histology, stem cell composition, and molecular signatures were compared among the cleft OO muscle, non-cleft OO muscle, and TFL muscle.

Main Outcome Measures

Histological analysis of the fibrotic area, myofiber size, fiber type composition, and dystrophin expression pattern was performed to characterize the pathological manifestations in cleft muscles. Immunofluorescent staining of Pax7+ muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) and PDGFRα+ fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and transcriptional profiling of MuSCs were carried out to explore the stem cell number and behavior in the cleft muscle.

Results

Cleft muscles had an increased fibrotic area, variation in fiber size, and proportion of human fast myofiber. The defect in dystrophin expression was considerable in the non-cleft OO muscle and was even higher in the cleft OO muscle. MuSCs from cleft muscles showed a trend of increased Dux4 signature gene expression and repressed Pax7 target gene expression.

Conclusion

Cleft myopathy resembles facial muscle-specific muscular dystrophy. The characterization of structural deformity inherited in cleft muscles could pave the way for a deeper understanding of orofacial cleft pathology.
Helicopter Parenting as a Predictor of Academic Achievement and Life Satisfaction Among Emerging Adults at University: A Meta-Analytic Path Analysis Based on Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Ahrari Seyedali , Zarean Mansoureh , Roslan Samsilah
Published: January 2025

Existing literature on helicopter parenting's impact on academic achievement and life satisfaction among emerging adults shows significant variability in findings. To address these inconsistencies, this study applies self-determination theory to examine helicopter parenting as a predictor of these outcomes among university students. Using meta-analytic structural equation modeling based on data from 28 studies (29 samples, n = 9,214), the analysis found that helicopter parenting is significantly associated with lower satisfaction and increased frustration of psychological needs. These factors negatively affected life satisfaction and academic performance. The model explained 10% of the variance in academic performance and 26% in life satisfaction, supporting key hypotheses. This study contributes to the parenting literature by synthesizing the effects of helicopter parenting on these outcomes among emerging adults. By applying self-determination theory, the research provides a framework that clarifies the direct impact of helicopter parenting on psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. This analysis not only reconciles previous inconsistencies in the literature but also highlights the importance of psychological needs in understanding the effects of parenting styles, advancing our knowledge of the relationship between parenting behaviors and developmental outcomes in young adults.