bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral ground movement effects near a joint of MDPE gas distribution pipes
Authors: Sinha Tanmoy , Dhar Ashutosh Sutra
Published: March 2023

Buried medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) pipes are widely used for gas distribution systems in Canada and worldwide. When exposed to geotechnical hazards such as ground movements, these pipes can experience excessive distresses, leading to leaking or failure. This research investigates the effects of ground movement near a tee connection of MDPE gas distribution pipes. If the ground movement is parallel to a branch, the branch pipe experiences an axial force, and the main pipe experiences bending deformation/strains. The axial forces and the wall strains were investigated in this study using full-scale laboratory tests. Test results showed that the axial force on the branch and strains on the main pipe depend on the burial depth, backfill soil density, and the pipe diameter due to the effects on the shearing resistance of the soil. The soil shearing resistance was less for shallow buried pipes, resulting in a lower axial force in the branch but higher bending strain in the main pipe. The axial pullout resistance of the main pipe also contributed to the wall strains of this laterally loaded pipe at large displacements. The conventional beam-on-elastic foundation solution reasonably estimated the pipe wall strains within the linear range of deformations. Nonlinear analyses, including lateral and axial soil springs, are recommended to capture the nonlinear responses at large displacements.
Challenging Question that my Audience Cannot Answer
Authors: Thompson J. Michael T.
Published: March 2023

In this brief article, I present the surprising, symmetry-breaking behavior of a homogeneous log of maple wood. The log is of square cross-section, and is placed to float in a tank of water. The straight symmetric floating state turns out to be unstable, and it immediately lolls over to an unexpected angle. This could explain why, when I was a young kid, my carefully made boats often did not float upright.
A Classical Experiment for the Quantum Eraser: A Comparison Between Model and Experimental Results
Authors: Di Mauro Marco , Gratton Luigi M. , Onorato Pasquale , Oss Stefano
Published: March 2023

We describe a simple experimental apparatus which allows the quantitative study of the classical analog of a quantum eraser. The apparatus consists of a laser diode, a thin wire, two polarizers providing the which-way information, and a third polarizer which erases that information. The experimental results are analyzed with the aid of a digital camera and the Tracker application, and are compared with a novel classical computation of the interference patterns, which is presented as well.
What’s (Not) Working in Programmer User Studies?
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Aghayi Emad , Latoza Thomas D. , Wang Xiaoyin , Myers Brad A. , Sunshine Joshua
Published: March 2023

A key goal of software engineering research is to improve the environments, tools, languages, and techniques programmers use to efficiently create quality software. Successfully designing these tools and demonstrating their effectiveness involves engaging with tool users—software engineers. Researchers often want to conduct user studies of software engineers to collect direct evidence. However, running user studies can be difficult, and researchers may lack solution strategies to overcome the barriers, so they may avoid user studies. To understand the challenges researchers face when conducting programmer user studies, we interviewed 26 researchers. Based on the analysis of interview data, we contribute (i) a taxonomy of 18 barriers researchers encounter; (ii) 23 solution strategies some researchers use to address 8 of the 18 barriers in their own studies; and (iii) 4 design ideas, which we adapted from the behavioral science community, that may lower 8 additional barriers. To validate the design ideas, we held an in-person all-day focus group with 16 researchers.
Fine-grained Coverage-based Fuzzing
Authors: Wu Wei-Cheng , Nongpoh Bernard , Nour Marwan , Marcozzi Michaël , Bardin Sébastien , Hauser Christophe
Published: March 2023

Fuzzing is a popular software testing method that discovers bugs by massively feeding target applications with automatically generated inputs. Many state-of-the-art fuzzers use branch coverage as a feedback metric to guide the fuzzing process. The fuzzer retains inputs for further mutation only if branch coverage is increased. However, branch coverage only provides a shallow sampling of program behaviors and hence may discard interesting inputs to mutate. This work aims to take advantage of the large body of research in defining finer-grained code coverage metrics (such as control-flow, data-flow, or mutation coverage) and to evaluate how fuzzing performance is impacted when using these metrics to select interesting inputs for mutation. We propose to make branch coverage-based fuzzers support most fine-grained coverage metrics out of the box (i.e., without changing fuzzer internals). We achieve this by making the test objectives defined by these metrics (such as conditions to activate or mutants to kill) explicit as new branches in the target program. Fuzzing such a modified target is then equivalent to fuzzing the original target, but the fuzzer will also retain inputs covering the additional metric objectives for mutation. In addition, all the fuzzer mechanisms to penetrate hard-to-cover branches will help in covering the additional metric objectives. We use this approach to evaluate the impact of supporting two fine-grained coverage metrics (multiple condition coverage and weak mutation) over the performance of two state-of-the-art fuzzers (AFL++ and QSYM) with the standard LAVA-M and MAGMA benchmarks. This evaluation suggests that our mechanism for runtime fuzzer guidance, where the fuzzed code is instrumented with additional branches, is effective and could be leveraged to encode guidance from human users or static analyzers. Our results also show that the impact of fine-grained metrics over fuzzing performance is hard to predict before fuzzing and most of the time either neutral or negative. As a consequence, we do not recommend using them to guide fuzzers, except maybe in some possibly favorable circumstances yet to be investigated, like for limited parts of the code or to complement classical fuzzing campaigns.
Fast Area Optimization Approach for XNOR/OR-based Fixed Polarity Reed-Muller Logic Circuits based on Multi-strategy Wolf Pack Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Yuhao , He Zhenxue , Jiang Jianhui , Liu Jia , He Juncai , Wang Tao , Xiao Limin , Wang Xiang
Published: March 2023

Area optimization is one of the most important contents of circuits logic synthesis. The smaller area has stronger testability and lower cost. However, searching for a circuit with the smallest area in a large-scale space of polarity is a combinatorial optimization problem. The existing optimization approaches are inefficient and do not consider the time cost. In this paper, we propose a
multi-strategy wolf pack algorithm (MWPA)
to solve high-dimension combinatorial optimization problems. MWPA performs global search based on the proposed global exploration strategy, extends the search area based on the Levy flight strategy, and performs local search based on the proposed deep exploitation strategy. In addition, we propose a
fast area optimization approach (FAOA)
for
fixed polarity Reed-Muller (FPRM)
logic circuits based on MWPA, which searches the best polarity corresponding to a FPRM circuit. The experimental results confirm that FAOA is highly effective and can be used as a promising EDA tool.
Continuous Human Action Recognition for Human-machine Interaction: A Review
Authors: Gammulle Harshala , Ahmedt-Aristizabal David , Denman Simon , Tychsen-Smith Lachlan , Petersson Lars , Fookes Clinton
Published: March 2023

With advances in data-driven machine learning research, a wide variety of prediction models have been proposed to capture spatio-temporal features for the analysis of video streams. Recognising actions and detecting action transitions within an input video are challenging but necessary tasks for applications that require real-time human-machine interaction. By reviewing a large body of recent related work in the literature, we thoroughly analyse, explain, and compare action segmentation methods and provide details on the feature extraction and learning strategies that are used on most state-of-the-art methods. We cover the impact of the performance of object detection and tracking techniques on human action segmentation methodologies. We investigate the application of such models to real-world scenarios and discuss several limitations and key research directions towards improving interpretability, generalisation, optimisation, and deployment.
Improving Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System for Indic Languages
Authors: Bala Das Sudhansu , Biradar Atharv , Kumar Mishra Tapas , Kr. Patra Bidyut
Published: March 2023

The Machine Translation System (MTS) serves as effective tool for communication by translating text or speech from one language to another language. Recently, neural machine translation (NMT) has become popular for its performance and cost-effectiveness. However, NMT systems are restricted in translating low-resource languages as a huge quantity of data is required to learn useful mappings across languages. The need for an efficient translation system becomes obvious in a large multilingual environment like India. Indian languages (ILs) are still treated as low-resource languages due to unavailability of corpora. In order to address such an asymmetric nature, the multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) system evolves as an ideal approach in this direction. The MNMT converts many languages using a single model, which is extremely useful in terms of training process and lowering online maintenance costs. It is also helpful for improving low-resource translation. In this article, we propose an MNMT system to address the issues related to low-resource language translation. Our model comprises two MNMT systems, i.e., for English-Indic (one-to-many) and for Indic-English (many-to-one) with a shared encoder-decoder containing 15 language pairs (30 translation directions). Since most of IL pairs have a scanty amount of parallel corpora, not sufficient for training any machine translation model, we explore various augmentation strategies to improve overall translation quality through the proposed model. A state-of-the-art transformer architecture is used to realize the proposed model. In addition, the article addresses the use of language relationships (in terms of dialect, script, etc.), particularly about the role of high-resource languages of the same family in boosting the performance of low-resource languages. Moreover, the experimental results also show the advantage of back-translation and domain adaptation for ILs to enhance the translation quality of both source and target languages. Using all these key approaches, our proposed model emerges to be more efficient than the baseline model in terms of evaluation metrics, i.e., BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy) score for a set of ILs.
Structural, Electrical, and Thermoelectric Properties of La and Sr Co-Doped CaMnO3 Compounds
Authors: Modem Naresh , Nurhayati Alwiyah , Venkata Ramana K. , Swamy B. , Reddy C. Vishnuvardhan
Published: March 2023

Polycrystalline samples of CaMnO3 and Ca0.98-xSrxLa0.02MnO3(x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were prepared by citrate sol-gel route. X-ray diffraction technique was used to confirm the single phase of the samples. Morphology, Elemental compositions were carried out using scanning electron microscopy & energy dispersive spectroscopy respectively. Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal that the structural distortion is mainly due to the rotation of MnO6 octahedral than Jahn Teller. Electrical resistivity measurements were carried out on sintered samples using the DC four-probe method and they disclose that La and Sr Co-doping can lower the resistivity. Thermoelectric properties were evaluated in the range of 303 K and 673 K, indicating that the majority of charge carriers are electrons. Among all the prepared co-doped La/Sr samples, Ca0.94Sr0.04La0.02MnO3 possess a higher power factor.
White Light Emission and Energy Transfer in CaHf4(PO4)6: Ce3+, Dy3+
Authors: Sun Bei , Wu Yelong , Li Qiangxian , Wu Lina , Yu Jinying
Published: March 2023

For the first time, a series of Ce3+/Dy3+ single-doped and co-doped orthophosphate CaHf4(PO4)6 (CHPO) samples were produced by solid-state reaction technique in a carbon reduction environment. The morphology, crystal structure, photoluminescence characteristics, and energy transfer between ions were investigated. The crystal structure was confirmed to be a diamond-shaped NASICON-type structure of the R3c space group. By investigating the photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra of the samples, we have verified the existence of the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Dy3+. The energy transfer efficiency was calculated and the mechanism was determined as dipole-quadrupole interaction. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence experiments confirmed the good thermal stability of the samples. By adjusting the concentration ratio of Ce3+ and Dy3+ under UV illumination, tunable emission from blue-purple to yellow-white could well be achieved. The CIE coordinate of the 4% Ce3+ and 4% Dy3+ co-doped sample is (0.291,0.308), i.e., blue-white color. It is suggesting that CHPO: Ce3+, Dy3+ could be interesting candidate materials in the applications of ultraviolet-excited WLEDs.
Interval Valued Picture Fuzzy Aczel–Alsina Aggregation Operators and Their Application by Using the Multiattribute Decision Making Problem
Authors: Jabeen Khalida , Ullah Kifayat , Akram Maria , Haleemzai Izatmand
Published: March 2023

The engineering and construction sector is vital to a country’s economic growth, financial activities, and development. These sectors generate opportunities for the unemployed, unskilled, and skilled workforce. Recently, a lot of researchers worked on the Aczel–Alsina t-norm (TN) and t-conorm (TCN), which are generalizing many other t-norms and producing reliable results. In this article, first, we developed some new aggregation operators (AOs) and fundamental operational laws of Aczel–Alsina operations, including Aczel–Alsina product, sum, and scalar multiplication based on the IVPF information. Furthermore, we introduced an innovative AOs in the form of IVPF Aczel–Alsina weighted averaging (IVPFAAWA) operators with some basic characteristics. Moreover, we also generalized Aczel–Alsina operations in the form of the IVPF Aczel–Alsina weighted geometric (IVPFAAWG) operator. For the solution of daily life problems by utilizing a multiattribute decision-making (MADM) approach, we also established an application under the system of engineering and construction sectors. We illustrated a numerical example to find the suitable construction material for the engineering and construction sectors. To find the validity and flexibility of our proposed AOs, we also studied a comprehensive comparative analysis, in which we compared the results of exiting AOs with the results of our current invented approaches. At the end, we sum up our whole article in a single paragraph.
Synthesis and Evaluation of MGB Polyamide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates as Gene Expression Control Compounds
Authors: Kamaike Kazuo , Sano Mutsumi , Sakata Daisuke , Nishihara Yu , Amino Hiroaki , Ohtsuki Akihiro , Okada Yui , Miyakawa Takafumi , Kogawara Makoto , Tsutsumi Mai , Takahashi Misato , Kawashima Etsuko , Ota Koichiro , Miyaoka Hiroaki
Published: March 2023

MGB polyamide-oligonucleotide conjugates ON 1-4 with linked MGB polyamides at the 2-exocyclic amino group of a guanine base using aminoalkyl linkers were synthesized and evaluated in terms of binding affinity for complementary DNA containing the MGB polyamide binding sequence using Tm and CD analyses. The MGB polyamides comprised pyrrole polyamides (Py4- and Py3-), which possess binding affinity for A-T base pairs, and imidazole (Im3-) and pyrrole-γ-imidazole (Py3-γ-Im3-) polyamide hairpin motifs, which possess binding affinity for C-G base pairs. It was found that the stability of modified dsDNA was greatly influenced by the linker length. Py4- and Py3-oligonucleotide conjugates (ON 1 (

n
=
4

) and ON 2 (

n
=
4

)) containing the 4-aminobutyl linker formed stable dsDNA with complementary DNA. Although Im3-oligonucleotide conjugate ON 3 (

n
=
4

) containing the 4-aminobutyl linker formed stable dsDNA with complementary DNA, stabilization of dsDNA by the imidazole amide moiety of ON 3 (

n
=
4

) was lower compared with the pyrrole amide moiety of ON 2 (

n
=
4

). The Py3-γ-Im3-oligonucleotide conjugate ON 4 (

n
=
2

), which possesses binding affinity for C-G base pairs via a pyrrole/imidazole combination and contains a 2-aminoethyl linker, showed high binding ability for complementary DNA. Furthermore, the DNA sequence recognition of MGB polyamide-oligonucleotide conjugates was investigated using single-base mismatch DNAs, which possess a mismatch base in the MGB polyamide binding sequence. The Py3-γ-Im3-oligonucleotide conjugate ON 4 (

n
=
2

) showed high sequence recognition ability for complementary DNA.
Identification of Risk Factors for Suicide and Insights for Developing Suicide Prevention Technologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jha Smriti , Chan Gerry , Orji Rita
Published: March 2023

Suicide is a termite that engulfs close to seven hundred thousand people worldwide each year. Existing work on risk factors that predict suicide lacks statistical associations, does not consider most countries, and has a wide range of risk factor domains. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to enhance our current understanding of suicidality by identifying risk factors that are most strongly associated with suicide and their impact on developing technological interventions for suicide prevention. A search strategy was carried out on four databases: (1) PsycINFO, (2) IEEE Xplore, (3) the ACM Digital Library, and (4) PubMed, and twenty-five studies were included based on the inclusion criteria. Factors statistically associated with suicide are any diagnosed mental disorder, adverse life events, past suicide attempts, low education level, loneliness or high levels of isolation, bipolar disorder, depression, multiple chronic health conditions, family history of suicide, sexual trauma, and being female. Domain-wise, comorbid disorders, and behavior-related risk factors are most strongly associated with suicide. We present a new hierarchical model of risk factors for suicide that advances our understanding of suicide and its causes. Finally, we present open research directions and considerations for developing suicide prevention technologies.
Overviewing Gaming Motivation and Its Associated Psychological and Sociodemographic Variables: A PRISMA Systematic Review
Authors: Martucci Alessia , Gursesli Mustafa Can , Duradoni Mirko , Guazzini Andrea
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, video games are part of our everyday life, and the number of players is increasing each day passing by. Thus, understanding what motivations drive people to play video games is becoming a very important topic for researchers. That is why this systematic review had the objective to summarize the existing literature about gaming motivation by including papers that used a validated tool to do so while excluding those that did address just the psychopathological aspect of gaming. The systematic review was carried out through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRSIMA). A total of 53 papers were included in this systematic review, and the findings revealed that nonaddicted players and addicted players seem both to play for social, achievement, and competition motivations. Male players appeared more oriented to play to compete with others, while female players seemed to use games for relationship and social reasons. Gaming motivation was stronger in younger people.
The Role of Carer-Friendly Workplace Policies and Social Support in Relation to the Mental Health of Carer-Employees
Authors: Yang Joy , Wang Li , Williams Allison
Published: March 2023

Carer-employees (CEs) are unpaid carers who are simultaneously working in paid employment. Workplace stress often compounds with caregiving stress to cause negative health effects for CEs. This analysis investigates cross-sectional data of the 2018 Canadian General Social Survey (GSS) to determine whether CEs who experienced work interferences (WIs), including taking time off work, turning down a job offer or promotion, and taking a less demanding job, were associated with poor mental health due to caregiving responsibilities. Carer-friendly work policies (CFWPs) and social support would lower the mental health impact of CEs and moderate the association between WIs and mental health. Of the 23,025 respondents, 4,291 were CEs. A series of multivariate logistic regressions were conducted on various mental health symptoms (e.g., feeling tired, experiencing appetite loss, and having trouble sleeping). Most WIs were positively associated with mental health symptoms. CFWPs, such as flexible scheduling, the option to work part-time, being able to take a leave of absence or an extended leave, and feeling that CFWPs can be taken without negative impacts on one’s career, were negatively associated with at least one mental health symptom caused by the caregiving responsibilities. The option to telework was found to be nonsignificant. Generally, social support was associated with an increased chance of mental health symptoms, apart from help from the community. CEs who worked in workplaces that promoted CFWPs without negative impacts on their careers were less likely to feel anxious when turning down a job offer or promotion. Our study highlights the importance of CFWPs for CEs’ mental health. As the number of CEs increases over time, the need for effective and wide-ranging CFWPs becomes more important.
PBW Basis of the Modified Ringel–Hall Algebra of Type

A

n

via Gröbner–Shirshov Basis
Authors: Hu Desheng , Obul Abdukadir
Published: March 2023

In the Ringel–Hall algebra of Dynkin type, the set of all commutator relations between the isoclasses of indecomposable representations forms a minimal Gröbner–Shirshov basis, and the set of the corresponding irreducible elements forms a PBW-type basis of the Ringel–Hall algebra. The aim of this paper is to generalize this result to the modified Ringel–Hall algebra of type. First, we compute a minimal Gröbner–Shirshov basis for the modified Ringel–Hall algebra of type

A

n

by proving all possible compositions between the commutator relations are trivial. Then, by taking the corresponding irreducible monomials, we construct a PBW-type basis for the modified Ringel–Hall algebra of type

A

n

.
Growth and Agronomic Traits of Green Onion under the Agrovoltaic System with Red Supplemental LED Lighting
Authors: Kim Bo-Myung , Suh Sang Gon , Oh Wook , Oh Soo-Young , Jung Jae Hak
Published: March 2023

Background and objective: An agrovoltaic system is a power generation method applying photovoltaics (PV) to crops cultivated on a farm. Usually, the PV system covers less than 30% of the upper surface of crops on the ground. If the PV system covers the upper layer of the crops, the yield will decrease by 15-20% due to the shading of the PV module. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of red supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) lighting under the PV system on growth and agronomic traits of green onions.Methods: To resolve the issue about decreasing yield, we constructed a 50 kW agrovoltaic system with the red (660 nm peak) LED dimming facility on the farm with 3 different plots for comparison. The 1st was PV + LED (two parts of dimming area: 3 hours and 6 hours). The second was only PV, and the last was a reference for comparison of yield (control plot). We transplanted uniform seedlings of green onions on three areas of the farm on June 23, 2020. We used red LED lighting for 3 hours and 6 hours after sunset and harvested green onions on October 25, 2020. We used less than 1% of electricity of total power generated by the agrovoltaic system for supplemental LED lighting.Results: The result of harvesting under the agrovoltaic system with 3 hours of lighting showed that there was 38% more yield than the control plot. We also discovered the optimal amount of supplemental LED lighting because even 6 hours of lighting were not better than 3 hours.Conclusion: Applying supplemental LED lighting after sunset can compensate for the yield decrease. The LED supplemental lighting for 3 hours is optimal for crop harvest. We expect that this system can be helpful to farmers who want to construct an agrovoltaic system.
A Study on Improving Acceptability of Care Farming in Leisure and Welfare Facilities for the Elderly: Focusing on the Perceptions of Workers
Authors: Cho Min Yeong , Nam Jinvo , Choi Seon Gyeong
Published: March 2023

Background and objective: This study aims to understand worker perceptions toward care farming in the context of acceptability in leisure and welfare facilities for the elderly by examining the worker perceptions toward new programs, analyzing the correlation between care farming partnerships and acceptability, and deriving implications.Methods: To address these goals, this study employed a theoretical review of care farming and relevant partnerships and conducted a non-face-to-face survey of 59 workers of leisure and welfare facilities for the elderly. The collected data is analyzed using SPSS 26.Results: The results show that workers have negative perceptions toward current human and financial resources, but positive perceptions toward opportunities for activities and vitalizing the community. Workers also perceived that there is a need for partnership with external agencies for financing. There were also positive correlations between financial status and long-term management, indicating that a proper financing system can improve acceptability.Conclusion: In order to improve the acceptability of care farming in leisure and welfare facilities for the elderly in South Korea, it is necessary to involve more external stakeholders, especially care farming experts. There must also be a partnership-based financing system to solve financial problems. In addition, the manpower support system must be improved by building a community of their own. These implications will contribute to improving the acceptability of care farming in leisure and welfare facilities for the elderly in South Korea.
Inhibitory Activity of Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus licheniformis Supernatants on PMMoV in Chili Pepper
Authors: Gangireddygari Venkata Subba Reddy , Cho In Sook , Choi Sena , Yoon Ju Yeon
Published: March 2023

Background and objective: Plant viruses are major obstacles to enhancing crop productivity in both agriculture and horticulture throughout the world, resulting in losses of several billion dollars every year. Controlling viruses is arduous, so agrochemicals are widespread. To minimize the usage of those, this study's objective was to assess bacterial cultures supernatants on pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in chili pepper plants and identify its secondary metabolites.Methods: This 48-h grown Pseudomonas putida (PP) and Bacillus licheniformis (BL) cultures supernatants were foliar sprayed separately in chili pepper plants 24-h before PMMoV inoculation (T1), and 24-h before and after PMMoV inoculation (T2), 2wpi (week's post inoculation), the virus titer was determined by using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), and the supernatants were extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated by rota-evaporation before being analyzed in gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The culture supernatants of PP and BL inhibit PMMoV by 43-47% in both the treatments (T1 & T2) compared to the control. The GC-MS chromatogram of two cultures of supernatants identified the molecules of cyclo (Pro-Val), cyclo (Pro-Leu), and cyclo (Phe-Pro). Commercial forms of these three molecules at three concentrations showed a hypersensitive response, ranging from 45-65% for PMMoV in Nicotiana glutinosa.Conclusion: The results revealed that supernatants of PP and BL-containing compounds have biological control of PMMoV in chili pepper plants.
Growth Characteristics of Allium microdictyon in Forest Cultivation
Authors: Lee Hyunseok
Published: March 2023

Background and objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the cultivation environment of Allium microdictyon in forest cultivation on leaf growth characteristics and antioxidant activity.Methods: One-year seedlings of Allium microdictyon were planted in test sites with different elevations and slopes in a forest. Each test site was selected on the south-facing slope and north-facing slope each at 700 m and 500 m above sea level, and each test site was created within a straight-line distance of 200m. Leaf characteristics were investigated and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured from April to June the following year after planting.Results: The 500m sites reached the maximum leaf size about a week earlier than the 700m sites, and the maximum leaf area was doubled in the same periods and higher in the south-facing slope than the north-facing slope. In the south-facing slope in Misan-ri, where the growth was the fastest, the total nitrogen (T-N) in soil also showed a high content. Regarding the antioxidant activity according to the planting site and harvest time, there was little difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD), but catalase increased until the time of release and then decreased thereafter. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a measure of the degree of lipid peroxidation, decreased until the harvest date and then slightly increased.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to control the harvest date by adjusting the location environment such as the slope direction of the sites for forest cultivation of Allium microdictyon. Catalase and MDA tended to be proportional or inversely proportional depending on the harvest date, serving as most active indicators of change in physiological activity.
A Study on Residents’ Perception towards the Importance of Forest Therapy in the Central Region of China: Based on the Cases in Korea
Authors: Shi Hui , Jeon Jin-young , Kim Jin-Gun , Shin Won-sop
Published: March 2023

Background and objective: Recently, forest therapy has received strong support from the Chinese government and gradually embarked on the road of development. However, compared with South Korea, forest therapy started late in China. And it is still in the exploration stage of theoretical research and industrial practice. To study the development of forest therapy in China, we review the legal system and development of forest therapy in Korea. This study uses online surveys to help us understand the level of awareness of the importance of forest therapy in central China. And it also provides a reference for the further development of forest therapy in China.Methods: The methods used for this analysis were Chi-square test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and one-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) .Results: Our findings showed that the perception about forest therapy was significantly different among people with different educational level (χ² = 25.526, p < .001). The cognition of forest therapy is significantly different from the cognition of the importance of natural healing projects (p < .001) and pro-environmental projects (p < .001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the perception towards the importance of 18 forest therapy facilities and 9 industrial development influencing factors with or without forest therapy awareness.Conclusion: The conclusion is that our participants have low awareness of forest therapy, but they have great expectations of forest therapy. In addition, the forest environment and emergency medical facilities reflect the recognition of the importance, including treatment programs, treatment facilities and factors affecting industrial development. Therefore, considering the successful experience of forest therapy in Korea, this study proposes practical measures to strengthen publicity, facility construction and treatment program development.
Defeat at Gallabat: Brigadier Bill Slim’s Formative Learning Experience
Authors: Stewart Andrew
Published: March 2023

In November 1940 British Commonwealth troops launched an attack against a mud and stone fort at Gallabat on the frontier between the Sudan and Ethiopia. This was a strategically important position for military planners in the Middle East Command working to make best use of limited forces scattered around a vast area of operations. Poor organisation, inadequate training, ineffective subordinate command, an unanticipated level of response from the Italian air force and a collapse in morale amongst some of the British troops who fled the battlefield all contributed to the resulting defeat. The impact of uncertainty on decision-making was another significant factor and for William Slim, the brigadier in charge of the failed attack, this experience proved an important but often overlooked stage in the professional development of one of the Second World War’s leading military commanders.
Resonance and Atmosphere: An Affect-Theoretical Exposé
Authors: Palstroem Anders
Published: March 2023

This article examines the relationship between two phenomena and their respective concepts circulating in contemporary affect theory, i.e., ‘affective resonance’ and ‘affective atmosphere.’ Identifying the main aspects of the two concepts clarifies how the phenomena differ from each other, as well as how they may relate in a dynamic interplay. In light of a distinction between and a conjunction of the aspects of ‘affective relationality’ and ‘affective spatiality,’ the paper proposes a conceptualization of this dynamic interplay through the concept of ‘affective attunement,’ in which resonance and atmosphere are held to converge. As part of this endeavor, the paper further investigates the diverging philosophical traditions to which the two concepts of affective resonance and affective atmosphere originally belong, respectively Spinozist affect theory and New phenomenology.
Vernicia calcicola (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China
Authors: NONG DONG-XIN , HU REN-CHUAN , HUANG YUN-FENG , YU LI-YING
Published: March 2023

Vernicia calcicola (Euphorbiaceae) discovered in limestone areas along the Sino-Vietnam boundary (Guangxi Province, China) is described, illustrated and compared with its allied species. A detailed description, illustration, photographs, distribution, ecology, phenology and relevant notes are provided.
Status of Rumex palustris (Polygonaceae) in the flora of Iran: an overview of current taxonomy, anatomy and ecology
Authors: KHORASANI MINA , NAQINEZHAD ALIREZA
Published: March 2023

Rumex palustris (Polygonaceae) is recorded as a new taxon for the flora of Iran. The species was firstly collected from the seasonal wet dune slacks on south Caspian Sea coast, northern Iran. A full morphological description, the anatomical details of stem and leaf, along with illustrations and a distribution map are provided. Moreover, the species is morphologically and anatomically compared with R. dentatus and R. maritimus. The salient features are compared with those of related species and discussed.
Fagopyrum caudatum var. grandiflorum, a new variety from China
Authors: LI WEI , ZHANG KAIXUAN , TANG YU , DING MENGQI , WEN WEN , LI BO , ZHOU MEILIANG
Published: March 2023

A new variety of Fagopyrum caudatum—Fagopyrum caudatum var. grandiflorum—is described and illustrated from Longnan City, Gansu Province, China. The new variety could be easily distinguished from F. caudatum var. caudatum mainly by its larger flower size (5.3–5.6 mm vs. 3.2–3.5 mm). The detailed description and photographs of the new variety were provided.
Discovery of Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Elmidae) from the urban river Huaxi in Guiyang, China
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , HUANG XIU-DONG , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: March 2023

Grouvellinus huaxiensis sp. nov. was collected from Huaxi river in an urban setting of Guiyang (Guizhou, China) in 2021. Habitus and diagnostic features of the new species are described and illustrated herein. The new discovery reflects that the water quality and ecological stability of urban rivers is not necessarily in conflict with anthropogenic activities in the surrounding, which also provides us new insights into the protection of urban freshwater ecosystems.
Two new species of Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 from São Tomé Island—an apparent adaptive radiation (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
Authors: BILTON DAVID T.
Published: March 2023

Hydraena saotometerrestris sp. nov. and H. turneri sp. nov. are described from São Tomé island in the Gulf of Guinea. Both species belong to the subgenus Hydraenopsis Janssens, 1972 and were collected from primary forest locations; H. turneri sp. nov. found living aquatically in a small seepage over rock and clay. In contrast, H. saotometerrestris sp. nov. was collected from damp forest litter, far from water, in two mountainous locations on São Tomé and is apparently terrestrial. The overall habitus and similar form of aedeagus in the new species strongly suggest they are closely related, pointing to apparent adaptive radiation following a single colonization of this oceanic island.
A review of the genus Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the Nicobar Archipelago with the description of two new species
Authors: CHANDRAMOULI S.R. , ADHIKARI OMKAR D. , AMARASINGHE A.A. THASUN , ABINAWANTO A.
Published: March 2023

Species of the agamid genus Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are reassessed based on newly collected specimens from different parts of the Nicobar Archipelago. An assessment based on morphology and distribution of the identified groups reveal two new, unnamed populations, one allied to B. cristatella and the other allied to B. danieli. These two populations are described as new species, and Bronchocela cristatella is redescribed based on Sundaic specimens. The remaining species, B. danieli and B. rubrigularis are redescribed. Distributions of all of these four species are mapped and recommendations on their conservation status are suggested.
Hypercoagulable Factors Attributing to Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis and Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Van Horn Alexandra L. , Soult Alexa P.
Published: March 2023

Acute mesenteric ischemia is rare and can be difficult to diagnose due to vague symptoms often endorsed by patients. It can be fatal if not discovered in time, as it can lead to bowel ischemia, sepsis, and ultimately death. Here, we present a case of a 23-year-old female with hepatic steatosis, obesity, and 5-year history of birth control use who developed acute mesenteric ischemia secondary to superior mesenteric venous (SMV) thrombosis, requiring small bowel resection of 238 cm out of 480 cm (49.5%) after delay in diagnosis. Hypercoagulable and genetic workup during admission later revealed heterozygous factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation. The patient was ultimately discharged to inpatient rehabilitation on anticoagulation.
Towards a transformative vision for gender and Canadian international policy: The role and impact of ‘feminist inside activists’
Authors: Tiessen Rebecca , Okoli Nnenna
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider the role of “feminist inside activists” in shaping the Canadian international policy landscape and provide examples of how government employees have actively promoted feminist and gender equality priorities. Specifically, this paper advances our understanding of how policy translates into action, and the transformative potential of agents of change in gender equality and feminist policy-making within Canada’s international policy machinery. Building on studies that identify the significant contributions of mid-level government employees who fight to keep gender equality a priority in government programming, we explore these contributions in the context of inside activism, documenting the significance of the work of both senior and mid-level government officials in advancing feminist policies and priorities. As an agency-focused analysis, this study complements and builds on critical feminist analyses of structural and systemic inequality.
Rebel human rights abuses during civil wars: Introducing the rebel human rights violations dataset
Authors: Walsh James Igoe , Conrad Justin M , Whitaker Beth Elise
Published: March 2023

Contemporary studies of civil conflict focus heavily on combatant treatment of civilians. Research on human rights (HR) abuses committed by states has benefitted from several widely available datasets on state violations. By comparison, researchers and policymakers have been limited by a dearth of data on violations committed by rebel groups. We introduce a new resource, the Rebel Human Rights Violations (RHRV) dataset, which measures the frequency with which rebel groups engage in eight HR abuses. The data include information for all rebel groups around the world between 1990 and 2018, and capture a wide range of violations, including arbitrary killing, detention, forced recruitment, property damage, torture, sexual violence, forced displacement and movement restriction. The RHRV provides new opportunities for researchers and policymakers to analyze an important aspect of civil conflict: the abuse of civilian populations by rebel groups.
Cardiovascular and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training with Practical Blood Flow Restriction Induced by a Non-Elastic Band vs. Pneumatic Cuff: A Crossover Randomized Study
Authors: Duarte de Oliveira Jorge Luiz , Vieira João Guilherme , Sabino de Queiros Victor , Mourão Júnior Carlos Alberto , Panza Patrícia Silva , Krzysztofik Michał , Bichowska Marta , Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco Cabral Breno , Rolnick Nicholas , Wilk Michal , Vianna Jeferson Macedo
Published: March 2023

Our purpose in this study was to analyze perceptual and cardiovascular responses in low-load resistance training (RT) sessions associated with a fixed non-elastic band compressed to the proximal region of the arms (p-BFR) versus a pneumatic cuff inflated to a pressure of 150 mmHg (t-BFR). Participants (16 healthy trained men) were randomly assigned to two conditions of low-load RT (20% one repetition maximum [1RM]) with BFR (p-BFR or t-BFR). In both conditions, the participants performed five exercises (4 sets/30-15-15-15) for the upper-limbs, but in one of the conditions, the exercises were performed with a p-BFR induced by a non-elastic band, while in the other, the exercises were performed with a t-BFR using a device with similar width. The devices used to generate the BFR had similar widths (5 cm). Brachial blood pressure (bBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before, after each exercise and after the experimental session (5-, 10-, 15-, and 20 min post-session). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and rating of pain perception (RPP) were reported after each exercise and 15 minutes post-session. HR increased during the training session in both conditions, with no differences between p-BFR and t-BFR. Neither intervention increased diastolic BP (DBP) during training, but there was a significant post-session reduction in DBP in the p-BFR, with no differences observed between conditions. There were no significant differences in RPE and RPP in the two training conditions, with both conditions associated with higher RPE and RPP at the end versus beginning of the experimental session. We conclude that when BFR device width and material are similar, low-load training with t-BFR and p-BFR promotes similar acute perceptual and cardiovascular responses in healthy trained men.
The quality comparison of open-end rotor-spun yarns produced from cotton waste in gray state and after dyeing
Authors: Krupincová Gabriela , Pechová Marcela
Published: March 2023

To demonstrate the limits of open-end rotor spinning, the outstandingly contaminated slivers were prepared from various blowroom waste mixed with virgin cotton and noils and processed to yarn. The aim was to simulate the processing of highly contaminated cotton waste to open-end rotor yarn sustainable way and analyze the impact of trash, dust, or fiber neps in slivers to yarn quality. To verify whether the dyeing of these yarn for given final use should be adjusted, yarns with high rustic appearance and yarns containing 20% residual bleached and optically brightened fibers possibly not evenly distributed are analysed before and after dyeing. The experiment proves that the processing of 98tex and 29.5tex yarns from outstandingly contaminated sliver via R37 with exchangeable trash channel is possible at acceptable quality for denim, home textile, or linen and ensures most of the demands related to user properties and durability, including uniform staining.
Effect of flip-chip bonding parameters on the property of passive UHF RFID tags with screen-printed antenna on fabric
Authors: Meng Fenye , Hu Jiyong
Published: March 2023

The substrate material plays an important role in industrialized flip-chip technology of the passive ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification with antenna printed on flexible film. This work presents the flip-chip fabrication and performance evaluation of ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification with screen-printed antenna on common woven fabrics. The antennas were manufactured by screen printing a stretchable silver-based conductor directly on a common woven nylon fabric. The electrical and mechanical connection between the screen-printed antennas and microchips was formed by flip-chip technology, which bridged the antenna with the microchip under a heating contactor with additive anisotropic conductive adhesives, and the effects of heating contactor parameters (contactor pressure, temperature and duration time) on the performance of radio frequency identification tag prototypes were investigated, and the influence mechanism was discussed in terms of the conductivity, the resonance frequency shift and the morphology. The experiment results show that the flip-chip bonding conditions set in the case of screen-printed antenna on nylon fabric is 0.7 N contactor pressure, 120°C heating temperature and 0.6 s heating duration time, different from the case of previous plastic-like thin film substrate, and this is mainly attributed to the compressive and rough surface of the fabric-based antennas. In addition, the flip-chip heating temperature should be consistent with that of screen-printed conductive ink to ensure a stable electrical connection between the antenna and microchip, as well as good performance of fabric-based ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification tags. These conclusions provide a tool for manufacturing large-scale fabric-based ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification tags and characterizing the process quality.