bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission tomography (MPI SPECT) versus Instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) for assessment of functional significance of intermediate coronary artery lesions
Authors: Amin Osama Ahmed , Hady Yasser Ahmed Abdel , Esmail Mohammad Ahmad Nour El-Din
Published: December 2019

Background

The aim of our work was to compare the myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission tomography (MPI-SPECT) as a non-invasive, relatively non-expensive test versus the instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) for the evaluation of functional significance of the borderline coronary artery lesions in the view of results of fractional flow reserve (FFR) which is considered the gold standard reference test.

Results

Our study was conducted in the Cardiology Department. It included 50 patients with borderline coronary artery lesions; they underwent physiological evaluation by stress/rest myocardial perfusion imaging using followed by an invasive physiological assessment by Instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) and Fractional flow reserve (FFR). Finally, the results of both SPECT MPI and IFR were compared to FFR as a gold standard reference. There was a strong (kappa = 0.754) significant (P value < 0.001) agreement between the MPI results and FFR results and the overall agreement was 88%. The sensitivity of the MPI was 81.8%, the specificity was 92.9%, the positive predictive value was 90%, the negative predictive value was 86.7%, the positive likelihood ratio was 11.45, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.20. There was a strong (kappa = 0.918) significant (P value < 0.001) agreement between the IFR results and FFR results and the overall agreement was 96%. The sensitivity of the IFR was 90.9%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100 %, the negative predictive value was 93.3%, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.09.

Conclusions

The instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) may be a valid alternative to fractional flow reserve to assess the functional significance of intermediate coronary lesions. The myocardial perfusion imaging may be an alternative, non-invasive, relatively non-expensive test for the evaluation of the physiological significance of intermediate coronary lesions.
Oviductal Retention of Embryos in Female Mice Lacking Estrogen Receptor α in the Isthmus and the Uterus
Authors: Herrera Gerardo G B , Lierz Sydney L , Harris Emily A , Donoghue Lauren J , Hewitt Sylvia C , Rodriguez Karina F , Jefferson Wendy N , Lydon John P , DeMayo Francesco J , Williams Carmen J , Korach Kenneth S , Winuthayanon Wipawee
Published: December 2019

Estrogen receptor α (ESR1; encoded by Esr1) is a crucial nuclear transcription factor for female reproduction and is expressed throughout the female reproductive tract. To assess the function of ESR1 in reproductive tissues without confounding effects from a potential developmental defect arising from global deletion of ESR1, we generated a mouse model in which Esr1 was specifically ablated during postnatal development. To accomplish this, a progesterone receptor Cre line (PgrCre) was bred with Esr1f/f mice to create conditional knockout of Esr1 in reproductive tissues (called PgrCreEsr1KO mice) beginning around 6 days after birth. In the PgrCreEsr1KO oviduct, ESR1 was most efficiently ablated in the isthmic region. We found that at 3.5 days post coitus (dpc), embryos were retrieved from the uterus in control littermates while all embryos were retained in the PgrCreEsr1KO oviduct. Additionally, serum progesterone (P4) levels were significantly lower in PgrCreEsr1KO compared to controls at 3.5 dpc. This finding suggests that expression of ESR1 in the isthmus and normal P4 levels allow for successful embryo transport from the oviduct to the uterus. Therefore, alterations in oviductal isthmus ESR1 signaling and circulating P4 levels could be related to female infertility conditions such as tubal pregnancy.
In vitro efficacy of vancomycin combined with fosfomycin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci strains
Authors: Aktas Gulseren
Published: December 2019

Objective: Enterococci have been isolated frequently worldwide and have difficulties in the treatment. Combination antibiotherapies have a distinct advantage over monotherapies in terms of their synergistic effect. In the study, it was aimed to investigate in vitro activity of vancomycin combined with fosfomycin against VRE strains.

Methods: A total of 30 VRE strains were included in the study. Bacterial identifications of the strains were undertaken using conventional routine methods. The resistance to agents tested was investigated by using the broth microdilution method. Glucose-6-phosphate (25 mcg/mL) for fosfomycin were used in all experiments. The activity of antibiotics in combination was assessed using a broth microcheckerboard. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was interpreted as follows: synergism, FICI ≤0.5. Additionally, two strains in 30 VRE were studied to determine the time-kill curves to verify the synergistic results. For each strain, antibiotics were studied alone and in combination at the minimum inhibitory concentration (1xMIC) values.

Results: Susceptibility rate to fosfomycin was found at 26.6 % (8/30). The MIC50, MIC90 and MIC interval values of antimicrobials were 512, 512, and 512 - 1024 mcg/mL for vancomycin, and 128, 160, and 64 - 224 mcg/mL for fosfomycin, respectively. The rate of synergism was found as 100 % by both checkerboard and time-kill methods.

Conclusion: The result shows that the combination of vancomycin with fosfomycin could be an alternative in the treatment of infections caused by VRE.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1347

How to cite this:Aktas G. In vitro efficacy of vancomycin combined with fosfomycin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci strains. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):281-285. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1347

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Role of Water as a Non Traditional Security Challenge
Authors: Vishwanth Ambika
Published: December 2019

Challenges such as climate change, water and environment or even food security were not considered under the traditional security paradigm. In 1994, the UN Human Development report brought to the forefront the need to shift focus to the concept of people‟s security and identified several essentials including economic, health and environment security. Water, which lies at the core of these essentials did not find adequate prominence and while „water wars‟ was under the subject of academic scrutiny, the concept of water security as a global challenge did not receive adequate attention. Currently, water and its inextricable relationship to energy, food and development, and political stability is placed at the core of every security debate. In 2015, leaders at the WEF in Davos ranked water as the No.1 risk to societies. The paper explores how a change in attitude is required from policy makers to the end user.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING AREAS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Zakharchuk Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Pasynkov Aleksey Fyodorovich , Trifonova Polina Sergeevna
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of a study of the theoretical aspects of the development of the strategic planning system in the Russian Federation. The Russian and foreign experience in the formation of approaches to the planning of economic activity and the development of territories since the beginning of the 20th century is considered and summarized. Formed periods circuit approaches to strategic planning in modern Russia, highlighting their key features. As a result, the authors proposed a new approach to the development of strategic documents of the territories, based on the formation of the image of the future.

Purpose of the study: to summarize domestic and foreign experience in the field of strategic planning, and, on this basis, to identify areas for improving approaches to territorial planning in modern conditions.

Methods: Comparative analysis and generalization of world and domestic experience, data grouping and evaluation of their content.

The result of the analysis was the identification of promising areas for the further development of the theory and methodology of strategic planning of the territories of the Russian Federation.

Practical implications. The results can be applied in the development of the methodology of strategic planning of the territories of Russia, based on the formation of the image of the future of local communities.
EXPLORING THE RUSSIAN DERIVATIVES MARKET
Authors: Ivasenko Anatolij Grigor’evich , Maevskii Evgenii Stepanovich
Published: December 2019

Investments through the mechanisms of derivatives are opening a wide range of opportunities for participants on the financial stock. The process of making a derivative investment is the most useful for investments and insurance companies or any other commercial structures on the Russian Federation market and it is a challenging way to invest, which allows ensuring risks and makes a profit at the same time. Economical meaning of different kinds of derivatives is explained. The scientifical article is provided with a historical line about the appearance of derivatives in the Russian Federation to achieve fulfillment in an understanding of undergoing processes on the Russian financial stock. Some essential statistic data on different kinds of derivatives is presented. Particular attention paid to the mathematical methods of derivative cost calculation. The main sources of legal power in a field of Russian derivatives stocks are presented and some analysis of certain law regulations is completed. Overall, research is giving some theoretical investment strategies for participants in the stock market.

Purpose: To explain an economical meaning of the derivatives, demonstrate the mechanism of insuring risks by derivatives.

Methodology: in article economic-mathematical methods, and also statistical methods of the analysis were used.

Results: The main types of derivatives are listed, the economical meaning is explained, methods of mathematical calculation of some types of derivatives are shown.

Practical implication: results of this study can be implied by some commercial companies and individual investors.
‘[M]istris Drewry,/ You do not well’: The Gossip as an Ill-Doer in A Warning for Fair Women (1599)
Authors: Sheeha Iman
Published: December 2019

This article compares the depiction of the gossip, the female companion, in A Warning for Fair Women (1599) with the source pamphlet and examines popular representations of gossips. I argue that the play engages with contemporary anxiety about the threat gossips were thought to pose to the patriarchal household and orderly domesticity. In A Warning, the gossip’s influence is destructive to the patriarchal household, to the community at large, and even to the natural order. The play raises the gossip’s threat, I contend, only to assuage and contain it by ensuring not only the gossip’s punishment, but also her co-operation in the restoration of the order she has disrupted.
Touring in Kent: Some Observations from Records Published to Date
Authors: Forse James H.
Published: December 2019

To date, published dramatic records from England reveal that County Kent saw more touring activity than any other English county. Some reasons for this activity include Kent’s local, pre-Reformation drama, its several towns as playing venues, and political and economic factors.
‘Rub Him About the Temples’: Othello, Disability, and the Failures of Care
Authors: Shaw Justin
Published: December 2019

Focusing on how race and disability deconstruct and expose the facades of friendship, this article explores the ethical differences in models of care in Shakespeare's Othello. It examines the networks of care surrounding the character of Othello – particularly his interactions with Cassio – and demonstrates how, by revealing the many pretensions and failures of relationship, the play develops a theory and praxis for ethical caring that attends to the complexity of a black and disabled character. The play, this essay argues, finally presents a solution to the problem of care in the symbolic and material web of the ancestral handkerchief.
Introduction: Disability in Early Modern Theatre
Authors: Anderson Susan L.
Published: December 2019

The introduction to this selection of essays briefly outlines the recent flourishing of scholarship in disability studies and its perhaps rather belated entry into the field of early modern drama. It discusses the broader opportunities presented by synthesizing developments in disability theory with research on early modern theatre and argues for the vital importance of historical disability scholarship. While introducing some of the directions that disability scholarship on early modern theatre might take, this introduction argues that studying early modern disability offers innovative ways of imagining difference in bodies and minds both in the past and now.
Editorial
Authors: Gough Melinda J. , Kelly Erin E. , Johnson Sarah
Published: December 2019

The editorial for issue 22.2 announces our 2019 essay prizes (for work published in 2017 and 2018), offers a dedication to the late Stephen K. Wright and David Bevington, and announces founding editor Helen Ostovich's retirement as editor.
Ethanol Extracts of Ficus carica Fruit and Leaf Normalize High Serum Lipid Profile, TNF-α, and MDA due to High Fat Diet in Sprague Dawley Rat
Authors: Sukowati Yhani Kartika , Johan Andrew , Murwani Retno
Published: December 2019

Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ficus carica fruit and leaf contain polyphenolic compounds that can inhibit lipid peroxidation. Our research aimed to study the effect of ethanol extract of F. carica fruit (FcFrEx) and F. carica leaves ( FcLfEx ) on serum lipid (total cholesterol, LDLchol, HDLchol, Triglyceride (TG)), TNF-α, and MDA levels in rat fed a high-fat diet. This experiment was a randomized control group design with pre and post-test using 32 male Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were divided randomly into 4 groups: control diet ( C ), high-fat diet ( HF ), high-fat diet plus FcFrEx ( HF+FcFrEx ), and high-fat diet plus FcLfEx (HF + FcLfEx). The high-fat diet was given to HF, HF+FcFrEx, and HF+FcLfEx groups for 7 weeks and then FcFrEx and FcLfEx at 400mg/kg BW were given to HF+FcFrEx and FcLfEx groups respectively for 3 weeks. Data for each group at the end of 7 weeks feeding (pre-test) and the end of the experiment i.e 10 weeks (post-test) were analyzed using the paired t-test. Data among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. The results showed that FcFrEx and FcLfEx at 400mg/kg BW can reduce serum lipid, TNF-α, and MDA levels. In conclusion, both FcFrEx and FcLfEx can ameliorate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet in Sprague Dawley rat.
Soft Drink Consumption and its Influence on BMI and Academic Performance among Selected School Children in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Authors: Shahjahan Md , Hossain M Z , Khatun T , Rashid H A , Ahmed K R , Hossain S
Published: December 2019

Soft drink refers to sugar-sweetened beverages that contain a natural or artificial flavoring. Daily soft drinks consumption in children is an unhealthy lifestyle behavior that demands special attention to maintain their healthy lives. The present study was aimed to examine the consumption of soft drink and its influence on BMI, and academic performance among selected school children in Dhaka City of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was nested among 600 randomly selected young school-aged children (6-17 years, both boys and girls) from the six English Medium schools in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect the data using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were done using SPSS 20.0. Results showed that about 48% of the school children consumed soft drinks regularly. Raised weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) was higher among regular soft drink consumers compared to their counterparts (p<0.05). Study revealed that girls (49%) consumed more artificial color soft drinks than boys (30%). On bivariate analysis, the availability (p<0.01) and accessibility of soft drinks (p<0.01), peer influence (p<0.01), low price (p<0.01) and advertisement (p<0.01) were established to be significant determinants for soft drink consumption among the young school students. Study findings showed that academic performance was better among non-consumers of soft drinks (p<0.001). The overall consumption of soft drinks is alarming among school children and its influence on increasing BMI and decreasing academic performance. The high consumption of soft drinks deserve due attention to avoid the development of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, well coordinated health education programs are recommended to minimize the consumption of soft drinks among school children.
The Effect of Tempeh Gembus Substitution on Protein Content, Calcium, Protein Digestibility and Organoleptic Quality of Meatballs
Authors: Arini Audrey Mutiara Setya , Afifah Diana Nur , Dieny Fillah Fithra
Published: December 2019

Osteopenia is a sign of osteoporosis that usually occurs in adolescent aged 18-24 years. One of the efforts to manage osteopenia is by giving a high calcium diet. Meatballs substituted by tempeh gembus can be used as an alternative to local food-based snacks as source of calcium. To analyze the effect of the substitution of tempeh gembus on the protein content, calcium, digestibility of the protein, and the acceptability of meatballs. The study was conducted in two stages, there are preliminary study and main study, and using randomized single factor experimental, tempeh gembus levels (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) and control (0% tempeh gembus). The analysis of the content of protein was conducted using Kjeldahl method, calcium contents using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer, and protein digestibility using in-vitro method. Data was analyzed with mann-whitney. Organoleptic tests were carried out by hedonic testing of 30 semi-trained panelists. Substitution of tempeh gembus had significant effect on the protein contents and protein digestibility, but not significant effect on the calcium contents. Formulation with 25% tempeh gembus substitution was found to be a best formulation of meatballs containing protein content of 8.03%, calcium contents of 351.19 mg / 100 g, and protein digestibility of 53.22%. Meatball with 25% tempeh gembus with 78 mg per serving is sufficient for nutrition label reference in general category, 13% energy; protein by 11%; calcium by 25%.
Study of Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding and Early Introduction of Complementary Food to Infants in the Aqaba Region of Jordan
Authors: Dabbour Ibrahim Rajab
Published: December 2019

Initiation of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at birth, followed by introduction of complementary food (CF) at six months of age, is necessary for the lifelong health of the child. In Jordan, EBF rates are not optimal. To our knowledge, there have been no studies to date on breastfeeding practices in the Aqaba region. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting EBF and early introduction of CF in this region. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 448 Jordanian mothers who were recruited from three primary health care centers in Aqaba. They were interviewed and asked to complete a questionnaire concerning the following variables: socio-demographic information, reproductive health of the mother and infant and postpartum conditions and events. Of the 488 mothers recruited, we found that the number who breastfed exclusively for <6 months or =6months were 230 (51.4%) and 89(19.8%), respectively. Furthermore, introduction of CF at <6 months old occurred in 203(45.3%) infants. The effects of childbirth weight ≤2.5kg, maternal smoking, and pacifier use on the likelihood of EBF for less than 6 months were odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; P<0.022, OR=0.09; P<0.004, and OR=0.35; P<0.001, respectively. With respect to CF, early initiation of CF was associated with childbirth weight (P=0.025), type of delivery (P=0.014), and pacifier use (P=0.001).Thus, initiation of CF before 6 months of age was associated with health problems in infants (P=0.030) including allergy, diarrhea, and abdominal colic. Jordanian mothers in Aqaba had a low rate of EBF for ═6 months and a high rate of early introduction of CF to their infants, both of which contravene health recommendations of global organizations.
Traumatismo dento-alveolar em escolares de uma ONG em Salvador-Bahia: uma abordagem epidemiológica
Authors: Almeida Tatiana Frederico de , Garcia Carolina Silva Cervino
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O traumatismo dento-alveolar em vários locais do mundo tem alta prevalência na dentição decídua e permanente de crianças e jovens, com cerca de um terço destes sendo afetados. Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e gravidade de traumatismo dento-alveolar em crianças e jovens de 03 a 18 anos, assim como fatores associados. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal no Centro de Integração Familiar em Salvador, Bahia, que atende cerca de 400 crianças e jovens. Foram registradas informações sociodemográficas e história do trauma. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 357 escolares. Resultados: A amostra tinha idade média de 8,3 anos. A prevalência do traumatismo foi de 15,69%, sendo a fratura de esmalte o agravo mais frequentemente encontrado, e sua etiologia principal a queda. Conclusão: O trauma acometeu o sexo feminino, as crianças mais velhas, de cor branca/outras, com overjet acentuado e com mais de dois irmãos. É necessária maior divulgação de informações de prevenção deste problema de saúde bucal.AbstractIntroduction: Dento-alveolar trauma in many places around the world has a high prevalence in deciduous and permanent dentition of children and young people, with about one third of them being affected. Objective: To describe the prevalence and severity of dentoalveolar trauma in children and young people from 03 to 18 years old, as well as associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Integration Center in Salvador, Bahia, which serves about 400 children and young people. Sociodemographic information and history of trauma were recorded. The study was conducted with a sample of 357 students. Results: The sample had a mean age of 8.3 years. The prevalence of trauma was 15.69%, with the enamel fracture being the most frequently encountered injury, and its main etiology being the fall. Conclusion: The trauma affected females, older children, white/others people, with severe overjet and with more than two siblings. More information on prevention of this oral health problem is needed.
Prevalência e impacto da fluorose dentária na qualidade de vida em escolares de uma ONG em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Sampaio Layana Santtana Freitas , Almeida Tatiana Frederico de , Silva Ricardo Araújo da
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Medidas de saúde de amplo impacto (fluoretação da água, dentifrícios fluoretados e aplicação de flúor), mas sem devidos controles, podem resultar no aumento da prevalência e gravidade da fluorose.  A avaliação demedidas subjetivas da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida, favorecida pela incorporação de dimensões clínicas e psicossociais, é requerida para estudos epidemiológicos de fluorose. Objetivos: descrever a prevalência e gravidade da fluorose dentária em escolares de uma Organização Não Governamental (ONG) e avaliar o impacto desse agravo na qualidade de vida. Metodologia: estudo de corte transversal, com crianças e adolescentes entre 10 a 17 anos de uma ONG do distrito Cabula-Beirú, Salvador-Bahia. A fluorose foi classificada através do Índice de Dean e seus impactos subjetivos avaliados através do Child Perception Questionnaire (adaptado ao Brasil). Resultados: Na amostra de 116 alunos, a prevalência da fluorose foi 65,5%, tendo o nível leve ocorrido em maior frequência (28,5%). Os escolares com fluorose relataram maior insatisfação com suas condições bucais do que aqueles sem este agravo (p<0,005). Conclusão: A alta prevalência da fluorose entre os jovens estudados aponta a necessidade de monitoramento da concentração de flúor na água daquela região e do uso de fluoretos nos dentifrícios nessa população. O impacto negativo da fluorose na qualidade de vida requer medidas de combate a esse problema de saúde.Abstract Introduction: Wide-ranging health measures such as fluoridation of water, use of fluoride dentifrices and application of fluoride when used without control can increase the prevalence and severity of fluorosis. Assessment of subjective measures of oral health related to quality of life combined with clinical and psychosocial dimensions is needed for epidemiological studies of fluorosis. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and severity of fluorosis in school children of a non-governmental organization – Cabula-Beirú district, Salvador-BA – and to assess its impact related to quality of life.  Methodology: cross-sectional epidemiological study with children and adolescents, from 10 to 17 years old. Fluorosis was classified with Dean’s Index. Subjective impacts of oral health were assessed through the Child Perception Questionnaire (adapted to Brazil). Results: From the sample of 116 students, the prevalence of fluorosis was 65.5%, and the mild level was 28.54%. Students with fluorosis reported greater dissatisfaction with their oral conditions than those without fluorosis (p <0.005). Conclusion: The results revealed that fluorosis prevalence was higher and this situation requires monitoring the concentration of fluoride in the water of that region and the use of fluorides in dentifrices in this population. The negative impact of fluorosis on quality of life requires measures to combat this health problem.
Variação temporal da incidência da tuberculose no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Lessa Vilasbôas Saulo Wesley Silva , Teixeira Maria Cristina Martins
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa com forte impacto na saúde das populações, que persiste como problema e desafio crescente para a saúde pública, exigindo particular atenção. Objetivo: Estimar o Percentual de Variação anual (PVA) da incidência de tuberculose no Brasil e em Portugal, no período de 2001 a 2013. Método: Para o Brasil, os novos casos de tuberculose foram coletados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SiNaN) e as estimativas da população brasileira foram obtidos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os novos casos de tuberculose e as estimativas da população portuguesa foram recolhidas no Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE). A incidência foi calculada estratificando-se por sexo. Através de modelos de regressão linear segmentada (Joinpoint Regression Model), estimou-se o PVA da incidência de tuberculose por sexo, para cada país. Resultados: A incidência de tuberculose por 100.000 habitantes variou de 48,41, em 2001, a 42,76, em 2013, para o Brasil, e de 67,84, em 2001, a 24,8, em 2013, em Portugal, com valores em homens que são praticamente o dobro dos observados em mulheres. Conclusão: Os achados indicam redução da incidência de tuberculose em ambos os países, porém de forma mais significativa em Portugal.
Impacto de causas de morte na esperança de vida em São Paulo, 2000 e 2010
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando Flores Santos , Santos Eliane Menezes Flores , Barboni André Renê
Published: December 2019

Foi levantado e analisado o impacto de algumas causas de morte na esperança de vida (EV) dos residentes dos bairros centrais e periféricos de São Paulo (capital), 2000 e 2010. Analisou-se a importância dos grupos de causas de óbito na EV, utilizando-se tábuas de vida e a teoria de riscos competitivos. os cinco capítulos da CiD10 analisados abrangem mais de três quartos dos óbitos, em ambos os sexos, nos anos estudados. Nota-se uma clara tendência de envelhecimento de ambas as regiões. A diferença da Esperança de Vida ao Nascer (EVN) entre mulheres e homens do centro e da periferia diminuiu, mas a disparidade entre áreas aumentou. A análise dos Anos Potenciais de Vida Ganhos, através da eliminação do risco de morrer por alguns grupos de causa de morte, mostra diferenças em função da importância relativa que cada grupo tem em cada uma das populações e permite ao gestor estabelecer uma política mais específica e resolutiva que certamente irá se refletir na qualidade de vida. Fica claro que existem duas realidades muito diferentes dentro do mesmo município. Provavelmente isso também é válido para o restante do Brasil.AbstractThe study analyzed the impact of some causes of death in the life expectancy of the central and peripheral districts residents of São Paulo (capital city), 2000 and 2010. the importance of the groups of causes of death was measured by life tables and the theory of competitive risks. The five chapters of ICD10 analyzed cover more than three quarters of deaths in both sexes. there was a clear trend towards aging in both regions. The difference in Life Expectancy at Birth between women and men in the center and the periphery decreased, but the disparity between areas increased. the analysis of the Potential Life Years Earnings by eliminating the risk of dying by some cause of death groups shows differences depending on the relative importance that each group has in each of the populations and allows the manager to establish a more specific policy, which will certainly be reflected in the quality of life. It is clear that there are two very different realities within the same city. This is probably also true for the rest of Brazil
A Estratégia Saúde da Família no Estado de Pernambuco: avaliação do processo de trabalho das equipes por porte populacional
Authors: Pimentel Fernando Castim , Albuquerque Paulette Cavalcanti de , Souza Wayner Vieira de
Published: December 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde da família do Estado de Pernambuco, por porte populacional, no ano de 2009. Foram aplicados questionários estruturados a 154 equipes de 24 municípios e avaliados itens referentes à organização da equipe, articulação com a comunidade e a programas específicos. Os resultados mostraram que as equipes dos municípios de maior porte se destacaram-se dos demais quanto à existência de pelo menos um grupo temático e no preenchimento dos livros de registro de tuberculose e hanseníase. Já os municípios de menor porte apresentaram melhores resultados nas ações de acolhimento, busca ativa de adolescentes de risco e no conjunto das ações de saúde da mulher. Entretanto, de uma forma geral, as equipes apresentaram dificuldades para realizar várias ações, sendo necessário capacitar os profissionais, a fim de desenvolverem suas práticas conforme preconiza a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica.AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the family health teams process of work in the state of Pernambuco based on population size in the year 2009. Structured questionnaires were applied to 154 teams of 24 municipalities assessed and items related to the organization of the team were applied to the joint community and to specific programs. The results showed that teams of larger municipalities stood out from the others regarding the existence of at least one thematic group and the completion of the registration books of tuberculosis and leprosy. The smaller municipalities showed better results when performing the hosting actions, active search for risky adolescents and into the actions of women’s health. However, in general, the teams had difficulties to perform various actions, showing that it is necessary to train professionals in order to develop their practices as recommended by the National Primary Care Policy.
Mortalidade por AIDS no Centro-Oeste brasileiro em 10 anos: uma análise de séries temporais por faixas etárias.
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius da Silva , Rodrigues Bruna de Moraes , De Aquino Erika Carvalho
Published: December 2019

Objetivos: O estudo visa identificar as tendências de óbito pela Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) no Centro-oeste entre 2005 e 2015. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico. Calcularam-se as taxas por 100 mil habitantes no programa Excel e as análises estatísticas no programa Stata, 13.0. Foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten, obtendo-se o coeficiente “β” e o valor de p. Resultados: O menor número de óbitos notificados foi de 8 casos e o maior 2.559. A maior taxa média de mortalidade foi de 40 a 49 anos, com 12 óbitos/100.000 hab., e a média para todas foi 5,1 óbitos/10.000 hab. (RP = 2,36). A faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos teve tendência decrescente (β = -0.00908 e P-Valor = 0.001), a de 50 a 59 anos (β = 0.014 e p = 0.006) e 60 a 69 anos (β = 0.016 e p = 0.001) tendências crescentes e as outras foram estacionárias. Conclusão: Foram identificadas tendências estacionárias na maior parte das faixas etárias, com excessão das faixas que vão dos 50 aos 70 anos, indicando possíveis lacunas na abordagem de saúde do idoso.AbstractObjectives: The study aims to identify the trends of death by Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the central-west between 2005 and 2015. Methods: Ecological study. Rates were calculated by 100,000 inhabitants on Excel program, and the statistical analysis on the Stata program, 13.0, through the method of Prais-Winsten regression, getting the “β” coefficient and p-value. Results: The lower number of deaths notified was 8 and the higher was 2559. The higher average rate of mortality was 40 to 49 years, with 12 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, and the average rate to all was 5,1 deaths/100,000 people (PR = 2,36). The AG of 30 to 39 years had a decreasing trend (β = -0.00908 e P-Valor = 0.001), 50 to 59 (β = 0.014 e p = 0.006) and 60 to 69 years (β = 0.016 e p = 0.001) increasing trends, and the others were stationary. Conclusion: Mostly stationary trends were identified, however, increasing trends were found.
Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono em pacientes atendidos na Saúde Pública
Authors: Salgado Teixeira Renan , Fávero Damasceno Matheus , Pereira Niman João Lucas , Carraca Soares Giulia , Reis Stefani Mariana , Ricardo Rabelo Djalma , Silva de Mello Andressa , Santos Ramos Plínio
Published: December 2019

A síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono é uma condição crônica, com episódios recorrentes de colapso das vias aéreas superiores no sono, com distúrbios respiratórios e fragmentação do sono. Evidências confirmam a relação entre a síndrome e o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, assim como idade, sexo e obesidade, como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do distúrbio. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência da síndrome em pacientes da atenção primária à saúde e sua influência na morbidade dos indivíduos. O estudo utilizou amostra de 94 indivíduos de Minas Gerais. A Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e o Questionário de Berlim foram utilizados para analisar variáveis como peso, pressão arterial sistólica e circunferência do pescoço. Segundo a Escala de Epworth, a prevalência de sonolência diurna foi de 26,6%, enquanto no Questionário de Berlim foi de 60,7%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados positivos do Questionário de Berlim nas variáveis. Usuários de serviços de atenção primária apresentaram alta prevalência para a síndrome. Isso destaca a necessidade de modificar a entrevista, incluindo perguntas sobre sono e ronco na abordagem inicial, bem como a aplicação de questionários. Com base em seus resultados, a doença é abordada, propondo mudanças no estilo de vida que minimizariam seus efeitos.AbstrAct Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a chronic condition, with recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse in sleep, with respiratory disorders and sleep fragmentation. Evidence confirms the relationship between the syndrome and the development of cardiovascular diseases, as well as age, gender and obesity, as risk factors for the disorder development. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of the syndrome in patients from primary health care and its influence on the morbidity of individuals. The study used a sample of 94 individuals from Minas Gerais. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Berlin Questionnaire were used to analyze variables such as weight, systolic blood pressure and neck circumference. According to the Epworth Scale, the prevalence of daytime sleepiness was 26.6%, while in the Berlin Questionnaire was 60.7%. There was no significant difference between the positive results of the Berlin Questionnaire in the variables. Users of primary care services had a high prevalence for the syndrome. This highlights the need to modify the interview, including sleep and snoring questions in the initial approach, as well as the application of questionnaires. Based on its results, the disease is addressed, proposing lifestyle changes that would minimize its effects.
Participação masculina no abortamento induzido
Authors: Oliveira José Renato Santos , Suto Cleuma Sueli Santos , Paiva Larissa Beatriz Ferreira , Fraga Chalana Duarte Sena , Araújo Amanda Santos , Porcino Carle , Fonseca Jamile Guerra Guerra
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O aborto é o produto da concepção eliminado no abortamento. A decisão em abortar evidencia a não realização de planejamento reprodutivo, a violência doméstica, o abandono paterno e a escassez e/ou oferta de meios econômicos. Objetivo: Analisar como os homens participam do processo de abortamento induzido. Metodologia: Estudo de campo com abordagem qualitativa exploratória, realizada na zona rural do município de Antônio Gonçalves, Bahia. Por meio da técnica snowball, cinco pessoas foram entrevistadas e as narrativas foram processadas pelo Software IRAMUTEQ que gerou a Análise de Similitude. Resultados: Expressa-se a participação ativa e a influência decisiva dos homens no processo de abortamento induzido, por meio da oferta de método abortivo, da negação da paternidade e do abandono da parceira. Conclusão: O desamparo e a perda da autonomia da mulher em decidir sobre a continuidade da sua gestação torna essencial a elaboração de políticas públicas que incluam, cada vez mais, o homem no cenário reprodutivo. A abordagem dessa temática deve ser realizada de modo constante, nos espaços públicos e privados, pois somente o debate acerca da temática poderá contribuir no processo de humanização.AbstractIntroduction: Abortion is the product of conception eliminated in abortion. The decision to abort highlights the failure to carry out reproductive planning, domestic violence, parental abandonment, and the scarcity and/or supply of economic means. Objective: To analyze how men participate in the induced abortion process. Methodology: field study with exploratory qualitative approach, carried out in the rural area of   the city of Antônio Gonçalves, Bahia. Through the snowball technique, five people were interviewed and the narratives were processed by the IRAMUTEQ Software that generated the Similitude Analysis. Results: The active participation and decisive influence of men in the induced abortion process is expressed through the offer of abortion method, the denial of paternity and the abandonment of the partner. Conclusion: The helplessness and loss of women’s autonomy in deciding on the continuity of their pregnancy makes it essential to develop public policies that increasingly include men in the reproductive scenario. The approach of this theme must be performed constantly, in public and private spaces, because only the debate about the theme can contribute to the process of humanization.
Analytical solution of a personalized intraocular lens design for the correction of spherical aberration and coma of a pseudophakic eye
Authors: Chassagne Bruno , Canioni Lionel
Published: December 2019

This manuscript reports on a closed-form solution determining the personalized required shape of a new intraocular lens able to remove spherical aberration and coma of a pseudophakic eye. The proposed analytical method, within the framework of the Seidel theory of third-order optical aberrations, considers corneal conicities, fourth-order aspheric surface of the intraocular optics, pupil-shift effect and ocular kappa angle.
Curvature sensing with a D-shaped multicore fibre and Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry
Authors: Zafeiropoulou Angeliki , Masoudi Ali , Zdagkas Apostolos , Cooper Laurence , Brambilla Gilberto
Published: December 2019

A distributed curvature sensor based on Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry interrogation technique in a D-shaped 7-core fibre is presented. By comparing the relative Brillouin frequency shift between the central core and three of the outer cores of the 7-core fibre, the curvature of various spools with different diameters is measured with a deviation from the actual value ranging between 9% and 15%. The analysis and results presented in this study show the first demonstration of distributed bend sensing using a specially designed multicore D-shaped fibre, paving the way for fully distributed 3D shape sensing.
Enhancement of lifetime in Er-doped silica optical fiber by doping Yb ions via atomic layer deposition
Authors: Wang Qian , Wen Jianxiang , Luo Yanhua , Peng Gang-Ding , Pang Fufei , Chen Zhenyi , Wang Tingyun
Published: December 2019

In this study, the influence of ytterbium ions (Yb3+) on the fluorescence lifetime of erbium (Er)-doped silica optical fiber (EDF) is investigated. An Er/Yb co-doped fiber is fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD), along with the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. Moreover, the spectral properties of this fiber, such as absorption, luminescence, excitation and emission spectra, and the fluorescence lifetime, are studied experimentally; the results of the experiments are then compared with those of the EDF. The results revealed the existence of a broadband luminescence spectrum at 800-1300 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of the Er/Yb co-doped fiber at 1531 nm is 11.77  ms, whereas that of the EDF is 10.16 ms. The lifetime of Yb3+ is 415 µs, which is 565 µs less than that of the Yb-doped fiber (980 µs), at 1033 nm. Simultaneously, various models of the Er-doped, Yb-doped, and Er/Yb co-doped fibers in three membered ring (3MR) structures were built, and their excited states were analyzed. The results indicated that an energy transfer is associated with the change in lifetime, and that the doping of Yb3+ significantly improves the fluorescence lifetime of Er3+ at 1533 nm.
Adaptive pre-shaping for ultrashort pulse control during propagation in AZO/ZnO multilayered metamaterial at the epsilon-near-zero spectral point
Authors: Kelly Priscilla , Kuznetsova Lyuba
Published: December 2019

A novel approach to the application of an adaptive pre-shaping algorithm for ultrashort pulse distortion compensation during the propagation in AZO/ZnO multilayered metamaterials (thickness 300-700 nm) at the epsilon-near-zero spectral point is investigated. We show that using the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm to minimize the residual between frequency-resolved optical gating traces of the distorted output pulse and the zero phase pulse of 100 fs duration can yield increased output pulse field strength and a central frequency shift towards the epsilon-near-zero spectral point, which can be of future use for applications in ultrafast communication, signal processing, and super resolution imaging.
Freedom on university campuses: An argument for normatively dependent toleration
Authors: Davies Ian , Reed Beatrice Szczepek
Published: December 2019

In the context of longstanding debates about the meaning of toleration and current significant disagreements within society, we offer a discussion about several key areas of debate and sketch broadly some responses in higher education. Following contextual remarks about key philosophical perspectives and reference to particular disputes within society, generally in society and particularly on university campuses, about free speech relating to terrorism and 'lad culture', we draw attention to issues about toleration. These are relationship with self; the public–private interface; levels or degrees of toleration regarding action; and the limits to toleration. We then develop more precisely framed connections for a particular characterization of toleration within higher education.
Food for thought: The trajectories of democratic peace-building citizenship education
Authors: Awad Yomna R.
Published: December 2019

The notions of democracy, peace-building and citizenship are all contested and multifaceted in the literature in terms of their meaning and their application in schools and other learning settings. This article is an attempt to explore the trajectories of democracy, peace-building and citizenship education in conflict zones, societies transitioning out of violent conflict and relatively democratic societies. After delving into the intersectionality of democracy, peace-building and citizenship education, the article highlights essential theoretical and practical peace-building citizenship approaches including education for humanization, human rights education, culturally relevant pedagogy and pedagogy of hope. In addition the author theorizes the components essential for the attainability of democratic peace-building citizenship education.
Seeing the ‘excessively obvious’: The penny press, gender and work in Edgar Allan Poe’s Dupin stories
Authors: Gallo Callie J.
Published: December 2019

This article considers the biases of the popular press, the first mass-print medium, alongside the biases of gender and professionalism in Edgar Allan Poe’s early 1840s detective fiction. In the tales ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, ‘The Mystery of Marie Rogêt’ and ‘The Purloined Letter’, detective C. Auguste Dupin develops unmatched analytical and professional capabilities through his extensive reading of print media and his familiarity with the protocols of the nineteenth-century penny press. Based on the model of theNew York Sun, these cheap publications popularized women’s gruesome deaths and cruel misfortunes for profit. In Dupin’s media environment, women are always-already victims without the means or opportunity to speak for themselves, maintain steady employment, or find shelter from the exploitative practices of the commercial press. Men like Dupin, on the other hand, stand to build professional skills, wealth and fame the more they study and replicate the practices of their print media environment. Reading Poe’s representation of gender inequity as an extension of the penny press and middle-class professionalism complicates previous assessments of Dupin (by Marshall McLuhan and literary scholars alike) as an inclusive literary figure that invites reader participation.
Why a wiki works: Leveraging technology’s sociotechnical affordances to support classroom culture and enhanced student learning
Authors: Jarc James T.
Published: December 2019

This article presents a theoretical rationale and practical advice for using wiki collaborative authorship technology in a communication or media classroom. The author’s primary thesis is that the use of a wiki in a course helps students develop digital literacy and subject matter expertise, while simultaneously participating in a specific classroom culture that is fostered in part by the use of the wiki. That ethos, the author suggests, challenges students to think critically, work effectively with others, value transparency and accountability, and practice co-created learning. Finally, the article includes some historical background for the platform, along with a cursory overview of the technical aspects of the platform.