bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The metabolic hormone adiponectin affects the correlation between nutritional status and pneumococcal vaccine response in vulnerable indigenous children
Authors: Siegers Kris E. , van Herwaarden Antonius E. , de Waard Jacobus H. , del Nogal Berenice , Hermans Peter W. M. , van Tienoven Doorlène , Berbers Guy A. M. , de Jonge Marien I. , Verhagen Lilly M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Almost 200 million children worldwide are either undernourished or overweight. Only a few studies have addressed the effect of variation in nutritional status on vaccine response. We previously demonstrated an association between stunting and an increased post-vaccination 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) response. In this prospective study, we assessed to what extent metabolic hormones may be a modifier in the association between nutritional status and PCV13 response.

Methods

Venezuelan children aged 6 weeks to 59 months were vaccinated with a primary series of PCV13. Nutritional status and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were measured upon vaccination and their combined effect on serum post-vaccination antibody concentrations was assessed by generalized estimating equations multivariable regression analysis.

Results

A total of 210 children were included, of whom 80 were stunted, 81 had a normal weight and 49 were overweight. Overweight children had lower post-vaccination antibody concentrations than normal weight children (regression coefficient -1.15, 95% CI -2.22 –-0.072). Additionally, there was a significant adiponectin-nutritional status interaction. In stunted children, higher adiponectin serum concentrations were associated with lower post-PCV13 antibody concentrations (regression coefficient -0.19, 95% CI -0.24 –-0.14) while the opposite was seen in overweight children (regression coefficient 0.14, 95% CI 0.049–0.22).

Conclusion

Metabolic hormones, in particular adiponectin, may modify the effect of nutritional status on pneumococcal vaccine response. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to better understand the immunometabolic pathways underlying vaccine response and enable a future of optimal personalized vaccination schedules.
Referential equations for pulmonary diffusing capacity using GAMLSS models derived from Japanese individuals with near-normal lung function
Authors: Wada Yosuke , Goto Norihiko , Kitaguchi Yoshiaki , Yasuo Masanori , Hanaoka Masayuki
Published: July 2022

Objective

To generate appropriate reference values for the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), alveolar volume (VA), and the transfer coefficient of the lungs for carbon monoxide (KCO, often denoted as DLCO/VA) in the Japanese population. We also intended to assess the applicability of these values for the Japanese population by comparing them to those published by the Global Lung Function Initiative in 2017 (GLI-2017) and previous values.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we measured the spirometric indices, DLCO, VA, and KCO of the Japanese population aged 16–85 years. The lambda, mu, and sigma (LMS) method and the generalized additive models for the location, scale, and shape program in R were used to generate the reference values.

Results

We conducted a total of 390 tests. The GLI-2017 z-scores of DLCO were approximately zero, whereas those of KCO and VA were far from zero. In the present study, the mean square errors of the DLCO, VA, and KCO reference values were lower than the reference values derived from GLI-2017 and previous linear regression equations.

Conclusions

Reference values obtained in this study were more appropriate for our sample than those reported in GLI-2017. Differences between the two equations were attributed to underestimating KCO (DLCO / VA) and overestimating VA, respectively, by the GLI-2017 for the Japanese population.
COVIDisgust: Language processing through the lens of partisanship
Authors: Puhacheuskaya Veranika , Hubert Lyall Isabell , Järvikivi Juhani
Published: July 2022

Disgust is an aversive reaction protecting an organism from disease. People differ in how prone they are to experiencing it, and this fluctuates depending on how safe the environment is. Previous research has shown that the recognition and processing of disgusting words depends not on the word’s disgust per se but rather on individual sensitivity to disgust. However, the influence of dynamically changing disgust on language comprehension has not yet been researched. In a series of studies, we investigated whether the media’s portrayal of COVID-19 will affect subsequent language processing via changes in disgust. The participants were exposed to news headlines either depicting COVID-19 as a threat or downplaying it, and then rated single words for disgust and valence (Experiment 1; N = 83) or made a lexical decision (Experiment 2; N = 86). The headline type affected only word ratings and not lexical decisions, but political ideology and disgust proneness affected both. More liberal participants assigned higher disgust ratings after the headlines discounted the threat of COVID-19, whereas more conservative participants did so after the headlines emphasized it. We explain the results through the politicization and polarization of the pandemic. Further, political ideology was more predictive of reaction times in Experiment 2 than disgust proneness. High conservatism correlated with longer reaction times for disgusting and negative words, and the opposite was true for low conservatism. The results suggest that disgust proneness and political ideology dynamically interact with perceived environmental safety and have a measurable effect on language processing. Importantly, they also suggest that the media’s stance on the pandemic and the political framing of the issue may affect the public response by increasing or decreasing our disgust.
Incidence, predictors and re-treatment outcomes of recurrent myopic choroidal neo-vascularization
Authors: Jain Mukesh , Narayanan Raja , Jana Priya , Mohamed Ashik , Raman Rajiv , Verkicharla Pavan , Padhy Srikanta Kumar , Das Anthony Vipin , Chhablani Jay
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate incidence, predictors, and re-treatment outcome of recurrent myopic choroidal neovascularization (m-CNV).

Methods

Retrospective consecutive observational series. From year 2014 to 2019, 167 eyes of 167 patients of treatment naïve m-CNV were enrolled. 59 and 108 eyes were treated with intra-vitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab mono-therapy, respectively. Recurrence was defined as re-appearance of CNV activity, confirmed on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after at least 3 months of cessation of anti-VEGF therapy. Incidence of recurrence, predictors and re-treatment outcomes were studied.

Results

Overall, mean age and spherical equivalence (SE) was 47.95 ± 14.72 years and -12.19 ± 4.93 D respectively. Males constituted 50.9%. 44 eyes (26.4%) had a recurrence during a mean follow up of 16.5 ± 12.86 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the risk of recurrence was 8, 26 and, 33.6% at 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. Age (p = 0.511), gender (p = 0.218), SE (p = 0.092), anti-VEGF (p = 0.629) and baseline BCVA (p = 0.519) did not influence recurrence. Number of injections administered to control the disease in the first episode was the only significant predictor of recurrence (Cox Proportional Hazard Ratio 2.89–3.07, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.28–7.45; p = 0.005). At 12 months, eyes requiring one injection in first episode had a recurrence rate of 12% versus 45% in eyes requiring 3 or more injections in the first episode. A mean number of 1.9 additional injections per eye was needed during re-treatment. Final BCVA in the recurrence group was similar to that of non-recurrence group (0.53 ± 0.40 versus 0.55 ± 0.36 LogMAR; p = 0.755). Baseline BCVA (p = 0.0001) was the only predictor of final visual outcome irrespective of anti-VEGF drug (p = 0.38).

Conclusion

Eyes requiring greater number of injections for disease control in first episode are “at risk” of early m-CNV recurrence. However, recurrence does not adversely affect visual outcome, if treated adequately.
Automated breast lesion localisation in microwave imaging employing simplified pulse coupled neural network
Authors: Dey Maitreyee , Rana Soumya Prakash , Loretoni Riccardo , Duranti Michele , Sani Lorenzo , Vispa Alessandro , Raspa Giovanni , Ghavami Mohammad , Dudley Sandra , Tiberi Gianluigi
Published: July 2022

MammoWave is a microwave imaging device for breast lesion detection, employing two antennas which rotate azimuthally (horizontally) around the breast. The antennas operate in the 1-9 GHz band and are set in free space, i.e., pivotally, no matching liquid is required. Microwave images, subsequently obtained through the application of Huygens Principle, are intensity maps, representing the homogeneity of the dielectric properties of the breast tissues under test. In this paper, MammoWave is used to realise tissues dielectric differences and localise lesions by segmenting microwave images adaptively employing pulse coupled neural network (PCNN). Subsequently, a non-parametric thresholding technique is modelled to differentiate between breasts having no radiological finding (NF) or benign (BF) and breasts with malignant finding (MF). Resultant findings verify that automated breast lesion localization with microwave imaging matches the gold standard achieving 81.82% sensitivity in MF detection. The proposed method is tested on microwave images acquired from a feasibility study performed in Foligno Hospital, Italy. This study is based on 61 breasts from 35 patients; performance may vary with larger number of datasets and will be subsequently investigated.
Antimicrobial effects of inhaled sphingosine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in isolated ventilated and perfused pig lungs
Authors: Carstens Henning , Kalka Katharina , Verhaegh Rabea , Schumacher Fabian , Soddemann Matthias , Wilker Barbara , Keitsch Simone , Sehl Carolin , Kleuser Burkhard , Hübler Michael , Rauen Ursula , Becker Anne Katrin , Koch Achim , Gulbins Erich , Kamler Markus
Published: July 2022

Background

Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a save way to verify performance of donor lungs prior to implantation. A major problem of lung transplantation is a donor-to-recipient-transmission of bacterial cultures. Thus, a broadspectrum anti-infective treatment with sphingosine in EVLP might be a novel way to prevent such infections. Sphingosine inhalation might provide a reliable anti-infective treatment option in EVLP. Here, antimicrobial potency of inhalative sphingosine in an infection EVLP model was tested.

Methods

A 3-hour EVLP run using pig lungs was performed. Bacterial infection was initiated 1-hour before sphingosine inhalation. Biopsies were obtained 60 and 120 min after infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aliquots of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) before and after inhalation of sphingosine were plated and counted, tissue samples were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Immunostainings were performed.

Results

Sphingosine inhalation in the setting of EVLP rapidly resulted in a 6-fold decrease of P. aeruginosa CFU in the lung (p = 0.016). We did not observe any negative side effects of sphingosine.

Conclusion

Inhalation of sphingosine induced a significant decrease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the epithelial layer of tracheal and bronchial cells. The inhalation has no local side effects in ex-vivo perfused and ventilated pig lungs.
Blindness and visual impairment and their causes in India: Results of a nationally representative survey
Authors: Vashist Praveen , Senjam Suraj Singh , Gupta Vivek , Gupta Noopur , Shamanna B. R. , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Shukla Pallavi , Manna Souvik , Yadav Saumya , Bharadwaj Amit
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Avoidable blindness is a significant public health problem in India. Nationally representative RAAB surveys (Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness) are being conducted periodically in the country to know the current status of blindness in the country. The current study describes the findings from the RAAB survey conducted during 2015–19 in India.

Methodology

A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted across the entire country among persons aged 50 years and above using RAAB version 6 methodology. Presenting and pinhole visual acuity was recorded followed by lens examination using a torchlight. In order to estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in overall population in India, district weights were assigned to each of the 31 surveyed districts and the prevalence was standardized using the RAAB software.

Results

The overall weighted, age-gender standardized, prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in better eye) in population aged ≥50 years was 1.99% (95% CI 1.94%, 2.13%) and of visual impairment (VI) (presenting visual acuity <6/12 in better eye) was 26.68% (95% CI 26.57–27.17%). On multivariate analysis, adjusted odds ratio showed that blindness was associated with age ≥ 80 years (OR = 20.3, 95% CI: 15.6–26.4) and being illiterate (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 3.6–8.9). Blindness was not found to be significantly associated with either gender or locality.

Conclusion

The results of the survey demonstrate that currently more than one fourth of persons aged 50 years and above are visually impaired (PVA<6/12 in better eye) in India. The prevalence of blindness among them is 1.99%, and older age and illiteracy are significantly associated with blindness. Major causes of blindness included cataract (66.2%), corneal opacity (CO) (8.2%), cataract surgical complications (7.2%), posterior segment disorders (5.9%) and glaucoma (5.5%). The proportion of blindness and visual impairment that is due to avoidable causes include 92.9% and 97.4% respectively.
Household factors and the risk of severe COVID-like illness early in the U.S. pandemic
Authors: Nash Denis , Qasmieh Saba , Robertson McKaylee , Rane Madhura , Zimba Rebecca , Kulkarni Sarah G. , Berry Amanda , You William , Mirzayi Chloe , Westmoreland Drew , Parcesepe Angela , Waldron Levi , Kochhar Shivani , Maroko Andrew R. , Grov Christian ,   for the CHASING COVID Cohort Study Team
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the role of children in the home and household crowding as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease.

Methods

We used interview data from 6,831 U.S. adults screened for the Communities, Households and SARS/CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study in April 2020.

Results

In logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of hospitalization due to COVID-19 for having (versus not having) children in the home was 10.5 (95% CI:5.7–19.1) among study participants living in multi-unit dwellings and 2.2 (95% CI:1.2–6.5) among those living in single unit dwellings. Among participants living in multi-unit dwellings, the aOR for COVID-19 hospitalization among participants with more than 4 persons in their household (versus 1 person) was 2.5 (95% CI:1.0–6.1), and 0.8 (95% CI:0.15–4.1) among those living in single unit dwellings.

Conclusion

Early in the US SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, certain household exposures likely increased the risk of both SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and the risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
Experiences with and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic by substance use disorder in the early phase of pandemic in the United States: A cross-sectional survey, 2020
Authors: Acevedo Andrea , Feng Wenhui , Corlin Laura , Allen Jennifer D. , Levine Peter , Stopka Thomas J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could disproportionately affect individuals who have a substance use disorder (SUD). However, little information exists on COVID-19-related experiences among individuals with a SUD. We examined whether individuals with a SUD differ from other individuals with regard to COVID-19 testing, susceptibility, and employment-related vulnerability.

Methods

We used data from a U.S. nationally representative survey (n = 1,208). Using logistic regressions, we examined whether individuals with SUDs differ from other individuals regarding underlying health conditions, COVID-19 testing, access to paid sick leave, and loss of employment. Data were collected in late May-early June, 2020.

Results

Four percent of participants reported that a healthcare professional had told them they had a SUD. We found that, compared to those without SUDs, respondents with SUDs had higher odds of having lost their job due to the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:5.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]:2.28–11.74). Among individuals who were employed prior to the pandemic, people with SUDs had lower odds of having paid sick leave (AOR:0.26, 95% CI:0.09–0.74).

Conclusion

Our study indicates that individuals with SUDs could be disproportionately affected by COVID-19 economically, which might worsen SUD and racial/ethnic health disparities.
Motivations and barriers for healthy participants to participate in herbal remedy clinical trial in Tanzania: A qualitative study based on the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Kassimu Kamaka R. , Milando Florence A. , Omolo Justin J. , Nyaulingo Gloria , Mbarak Hussein , Mohamed Latipha , Rashid Ramla , Ahmed Saumu , Rashid Mohammed , Abdallah Gumi , Mbaga Thabit , Issa Fatuma , Lweno Omar , Balige Neema , Mwalimu Bakari , Hamad Ali , Olotu Ally , Jongo Said , Ngasala Billy , Abdulla Salim
Published: July 2022

Background

The success of any randomized clinical trial relies on the willingness of people to be recruited in the trial. However, 90% of all clinical trials worldwide have been reported to have failed to recruit the required number of trial participants within the scheduled time. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the motivations and barriers for healthy participants to participate in herbal remedy clinical trials in Tanzania.

Materials and methods

This study used a qualitative descriptive research design based on the theory of planned behaviour. A total of five Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted at Bagamoyo Clinical Trial Facility from 29 to 30 May 2021. Each group consisted of 5 to 10 participants. The participants of the study were 30 healthy males aged 18 to 45 male who participated in the clinical trial that evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Maytenus Senegalensis. The focus group discussions were recorded audio-recorded. Verbatim transcription and thematic analysis were performed on the data.

Results

The prominent motivations mentioned were the opportunity for self-development, altruism, flexible study visit schedule, and financial compensation. Furthermore, the Participants’ mothers and friends were reported as those most likely to approve of participation in an herbal remedy. The most mentioned barriers were inconvenience related to time commitment requirements, possible side effects, inflexible study visit schedule, and having other commitments. Moreover, the participants’ father was reported to be more likely to disapprove of participation in a clinical trial of herbal remedy clinical trial.

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that the motivations and barriers of healthy participants to participate in clinical trials of herbal remedies are varied and that participants are motivated by more than financial gains. The identified motivations and barriers can be used as a guideline to improve the design of recruitment and retention strategies for herbal remedy clinical trials.
Copper microenvironments in the human body define patterns of copper adaptation in pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Focarelli Francesca , Giachino Andrea , Waldron Kevin John
Published: July 2022

Copper is an essential micronutrient for most organisms that is required as a cofactor for crucial copper-dependent enzymes encoded by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Evidence accumulated over several decades has shown that copper plays important roles in the function of the mammalian immune system. Copper accumulates at sites of infection, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and in blood and urine, and its antibacterial toxicity is directly leveraged by phagocytic cells to kill pathogens. Copper-deficient animals are more susceptible to infection, whereas those fed copper-rich diets are more resistant. As a result, copper resistance genes are important virulence factors for bacterial pathogens, enabling them to detoxify the copper insult while maintaining copper supply to their essential cuproenzymes. Here, we describe the accumulated evidence for the varied roles of copper in the mammalian response to infections, demonstrating that this metal has numerous direct and indirect effects on immune function. We further illustrate the multifaceted response of pathogenic bacteria to the elevated copper concentrations that they experience when invading the host, describing both conserved and species-specific adaptations to copper toxicity. Together, these observations demonstrate the roles of copper at the host–pathogen interface and illustrate why bacterial copper detoxification systems can be viable targets for the future development of novel antibiotic drug development programs.
Potent universal beta-coronavirus therapeutic activity mediated by direct respiratory administration of a Spike S2 domain-specific human neutralizing monoclonal antibody
Authors: Piepenbrink Michael S. , Park Jun-Gyu , Deshpande Ashlesha , Loos Andreas , Ye Chengjin , Basu Madhubanti , Sarkar Sanghita , Khalil Ahmed Magdy , Chauvin David , Woo Jennifer , Lovalenti Philip , Erdmann Nathaniel B. , Goepfert Paul A. , Truong Vu L. , Bowen Richard A. , Walter Mark R. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Kobie James J.
Published: July 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) marks the third novel β-coronavirus to cause significant human mortality in the last two decades. Although vaccines are available, too few have been administered worldwide to keep the virus in check and to prevent mutations leading to immune escape. To determine if antibodies could be identified with universal coronavirus activity, plasma from convalescent subjects was screened for IgG against a stabilized pre-fusion SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 domain, which is highly conserved between human β-coronavirus. From these subjects, several S2-specific human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) were developed that neutralized SARS-CoV-2 with recognition of all variants of concern (VoC) tested (Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Omicron). The hmAb 1249A8 emerged as the most potent and broad hmAb, able to recognize all human β-coronavirus and neutralize SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. 1249A8 demonstrated significant prophylactic activity in K18 hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 lineage A and lineage B Beta, and Omicron VoC. 1249A8 delivered as a single 4 mg/kg intranasal (i.n.) dose to hamsters 12 hours following infection with SARS-CoV-2 Delta protected them from weight loss, with therapeutic activity further enhanced when combined with 1213H7, an S1-specific neutralizing hmAb. As little as 2 mg/kg of 1249A8 i.n. dose 12 hours following infection with SARS-CoV Urbani strain, protected hamsters from weight loss and significantly reduced upper and lower respiratory viral burden. These results indicate in vivo cooperativity between S1 and S2 specific neutralizing hmAbs and that potent universal coronavirus neutralizing mAbs with therapeutic potential can be induced in humans and can guide universal coronavirus vaccine development.
Into the groove of an alternative masculinity: Drumming groups for incarcerated individuals in a maximum-security facility
Authors: Ze’evi Noa , Bensimon Moshe , Gilboa Avi
Published: July 2022

Although group drumming has been found to help improve well-being among marginalized populations, including incarcerated individuals, additional study into the possible benefits of drumming within maximum-security facilities is still required. This phenomenological study examines the experiences of fifteen maximum-security-incarcerated individuals who participated in a twelve-session group drumming and the meaning of this group for them. An analysis of interviews that took place after the sessions revealed three main categories: (1)perceptions regarding the djembe– describing how participants initially perceived the djembe as insufficiently masculine, but then changed their minds about this; (2)benevolent relationships– relating to the facilitators’ non-judgemental, non-patronizing and egalitarian approach within a joyful atmosphere, and how this filtered into the mutual relationships among group members; (3)revealing new possibilities– describing how participants were able to unmask themselves and discover new aspects of their peers, express emotions within a pleasurable and safe space and release aggression. This study suggests that the use of drumming groups as a rehabilitative tool may enable incarcerated individuals to shift from a hegemonic masculinity, that fosters aggression, toughness, boldness, violence and control of others, towards an alternative masculinity that encourages openness, respect, support and the expression of emotions.
Dimensions of Community Band Participation Scale (DCBP): Development of a survey
Authors: Matthews Wendy K. , Bertleff Amy , Dellmann-Jenkins Mary , Flory Meredith
Published: July 2022

This study describes the development of the Dimensions of Community Band Participation (DCBP) Scale to measure musicians’ motivations for participating in community bands. Participants (N = 67) included members of a university-sponsored community band consisting of both university students and community members. Members ranged in age from 18 to 73 (M = 28). In addition to completing the DCBP Scale, participants responded to two additional open-ended questions that allowed researchers to assess participant involvement and retention in the community band. The DCBP provides insight into key reasons for participation across all age groupings within adulthood and calls attention to three important aspects of participation: fellowship, personal musicianship and conductor leadership. Implications for this measure include providing community band directors with insight into members’ expectations and motivations for joining and continued participation.
Rethinking women’s guilty pleasures in a social media age: From soap opera to teen drama series
Authors: Gerrard Ysabel
Published: July 2022

Fans of teen drama television series often feel that their pleasures are devalued. The history of research into soap opera fans (the genre from which teen drama series derive) tells us that this is unsurprising, as women’s popular pleasures have long been denigrated. Gaining global popularity in the mid-2000s, teen drama fandoms have almost exclusively played out on social media, and this article asks how fans’ experiences of their ‘guilty pleasures’ might have changed in a social media age. The article argues that two things remain unchanged: (1) the stubbornness of gendered and classed assumptions about ‘acceptable’ forms of culture and (2) the policing of behaviour within fandoms. But a noteworthy change lies in the norms themselves; that is, laborious and emotional fan practices are now more valuable than ‘likes’ and other social media metrics, a shift that undoes decades-old understandings of acceptable attachments to popular cultures.
Porosidade dos solos tropicais de subleitos de vias urbanas
Authors: Paiva Cassio , Alves Driely , Françoso Maria Teresa , Pizarro Marchena Irving
Published: July 2022

Nos dias atuais, podem ocorrer inundações nos grandes centros urbanos, consequentemente há uma necessidade de reduzir esse escoamento superficial de águas pluviais. Uma solução promissora seria a utilização de pavimentos permeáveis. Este artigo estuda a influência que a água infiltrada pelo pavimento teria na camada superficial de subleito com solo laterítico poroso, considerando suas propriedades hidráulicas e sua capacidade estrutural, num pavimento permeável sem sistema de drenagem. Foram realizados, portanto, ensaios de infiltração de água em diferentes condições: solo no estado natural, com camada subjacente de solo compactado e com camada subjacente de areia compactada. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a possibilidade de melhorar a capacidade de infiltrabilidade no subleito com solo tropical poroso em condições naturais, excluindo o processo de compactação em sua superfície ou substituindo o subleito regularizado por uma fina camada de bloqueio, em condição de lençol freático não aflorante.
Pediatric-to-Adult Transfer of Care in Patients With Pancreas Disease: Recommendations for Care and Research Opportunities
Authors: Gariepy Cheryl E. , Lara Luis F. , Easler Jeffrey J. , Shaikhkhalil Ala , Uc Aliye
Published: July 2022

Young adults who have experienced recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis as children or adolescents are vulnerable to poor follow-up and disease management during the transfer from the pediatric to adult healthcare system. Although formalized transition programs for young adults have been developed and described for other disease conditions, no such program has been described for young adults with pancreatic disease. This document is the first expert opinion outlining the important aspects of a transitional care and transfer program tailored to youth with recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis. We emphasize the unique needs of these patients as they transfer to adult health care and the need for further research. The goal of improved transitional care and transfer is to enhance the services provided to adolescents/young adults with pancreatic disease in both healthcare settings and improve continuity of follow-up care.
Self-Perceived Loneliness and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Two-Wave Replication Study
Authors: Carollo Alessandro , Bizzego Andrea , Gabrieli Giulio , Wong Keri Ka-Yee , Raine Adrian , Esposito Gianluca
Published: July 2022

\hl{\textbf{Background:} The global} COVID-19 \hl{pandemic has forced countries to impose strict} lockdown restrictions \hl{and mandatory stay-at-home orders with varying impacts on individual's health}. Combining a data-driven machine learning paradigm and a statistical approach, our previous paper documented a U-shaped pattern in levels of self-perceived loneliness in both the UK and Greek populations during the first lockdown (17 April to 17 July 2020). The current paper aimed to test the robustness of these results by focusing on data from the first and second lockdown waves in the UK. Methods:We tested a) the impact ofthe chosen model on the identification of the most time-sensitive variable in the period spent in lockdown. Twonew machine learning models- namely, support vector regressor (SVR) and multiple linear regressor (MLR) were adopted to identify the most time-sensitive variable inthe UK dataset from wave 1 (n = 435). In the second part of the study, we tested b) whether the pattern of self-perceived loneliness found in the first UK national lockdown was generalizable to the second wave of UK lockdown (17 October 2020 to 31 January 2021). To do so,data from wave 2 of the UK lockdown (n = 263) was used to conduct a graphical inspection of the week-by-week distribution of self-perceived loneliness scores. Results:In both SVR and MLR models,depressive symptoms resultedto be the most time-sensitivevariable during the lockdown period. Statistical analysis of depressive symptoms by week of lockdown resulted in a U-shapedpattern between week 3 to 7 of wave 1 of the UK nationallockdown. Furthermore,despite the sample size by week in wave 2 was too small for having a meaningful statistical insight, a graphical U-shaped distributionbetween week 3 and 9 of lockdown was observed. Conclusions:Consistent with past studies, these preliminary resultssuggest that self-perceived loneliness and depressive symptoms may be two of the most relevant symptoms to address when imposing lockdown restrictions.
Communicating climate change and biodiversity loss with local populations: Exploring communicative utopias in eight transdisciplinary case studies
Authors: Ansari Dawud , Schönenberg Regine , Abud Melissa , Becerra Laura , Brahim Wassim , Castiblanco Javier , de la Vega-Leinert Anne Cristina , Dudley Nigel , Dunlop Michael , Figueroa Carolina , Guevara Oscar , Hauser Philipp , Hobbie Hannes , Hossain Mostafa A.R. , Hugé Jean , de Bisthoven Luc Janssens , Keunen Hilde , Munera-Roldan Claudia , Petzold Jan , Rochette Anne-Julie , Schmidt Matthew , Schumann Charlotte , Sengupta Sayanti , Stoll-Kleemann Susanne , van Kerkhoff Lorrae , Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Wyborn Carina
Published: July 2022

Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider community responses and involve them. We present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications regarding climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities. We develop eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, reflecting the scope of Verran (2002)'s concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia. We demonstrate that applying our indicators can enhance communication and enable community responses. However, we discover a divergence between timing, complexity, and (introspective) effort. Three cases qualify for postcolonial moments, but scrutinizing power relations and genuine knowledge co-production remain rare. While we verify the potency of various instruments for deconstructing science, their sophistication cannot substitute trust building and epistemic/transdisciplinary awareness. Lastly, we consider that reforming inadequate funding policies helps improving the work in and with local communities.
Visualization of Understanding Hadith in Animated Cartoon
Authors: Firdausy Hilmy
Published: July 2022

Meanwhile, the text is the dominant element used as a medium of delivery in the arena of narration of hadith. The meaning, content and understanding of a hadith are explained in a narrative manner through the arrangement of words and sentences. Instead of clarifying the meaning and understanding of a hadith, the abundance of texts in the writing work actually makes the possibility of the emergence of multiple interpretations even greater. On the other hand, this reality becomes even more counter-productive when it is known that human cognitive work actually relies on “imagery” (al-tasawwur) work. In other words, explaining with pictures is actually more effective than explaining with text. And this kind of momentum is fully held in digital products and content, including animated cartoons. This paper will focus on observing the visualization of hadith understanding in Riko The Series cartoons. Not only explaining how it works, this paper also intends to test the validity of the semantics in the work of the visual narrative.
Selección de guías de turismo por parte de agencias para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez en Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Martelo Gómez Raúl , Oyola Quitero Paulo , Franco Borré David
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Determinar guías de turismo competentes para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez presentados en agencias de Cartagena de Indias.

Metodología: La investigación fue mixta con un diseño de exploración exploratorio secuencial, donde se aplicó la entrevista para obtener información directa de empleados que laboran en empresas turísticas ubicadas en Cartagena de Indias y la técnica revisión bibliográfica con el fin de obtener referentes literarios que proporcionen información relevante sobre la temática abordada en esta investigación. Lo anterior, sirvió como base para aplicar de manera correcta la técnica Matriz de Valoración de Ideas y determinar guías de turismo competentes para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez presentados en agencias de Cartagena de Indias.

Resultados: Se obtuvo el guía adecuado para realizar el recorrido en un caso de inmediatez, el cual cuenta con diferentes ventajas como el conocimiento de diferentes idiomas y el manejo adecuado de las técnicas de guianza.

Conclusiones: La aplicación de técnica Matriz de Valoración de Ideas permitió determinar guías de turismo competentes para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez presentados en agencias de Cartagena de Indias.
Sozial-ökologische Forschung in der nachhaltigen Stadt- und Mobilitätsforschung in Europa
Authors: Richerzhagen Carmen , Gröschner Stefan , Dreber Niels , Thorn Michaela
Published: July 2022

Kooperationen in der internationalen Forschungsförderung und das gegenseitige Lernen in verschiedenen europäischen Kontexten helfen, die urbanen Räume für die großen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen fit zu machen. Das Bundesministerium für Bildung
und Forschung engagiert sich mit der europäischen Partnerschaft Driving Urban Transition to a Sustainable Future in der nachhaltigen Stadt- und Mobilitätsforschung.
Participatory Video (remote, online): Participatory research methods for sustainability ‐ toolkit #2
Authors: Richardson Pamela
Published: July 2022

Participatory Video (PV) is geared towards fostering dialogue around a shared issue. Videos developed with smartphones and similar devices are created by participants as a tool for communication and reflection, which can support many different steps along a participatory research journey.
Videos communicate the participants’ perspectives, while the integral group-based learning process creates a space for critical reflection, solidarity-building, skills development and the inclusion of less literate participants. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the method has
recently been adapted for online, remote facilitation, which entails ethical challenges and time commitments, but can effectively support communication across social and physical distances.
PENGUJIAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ROOFTOP KAPASITAS 1200WP DENGAN SISTEM ON GRID PADA PT. BPR BKK MANDIRAJA CABANG WANAYASA KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Yusuf Ilham Muammar , Ginting Denis , Windarta Jaka
Published: July 2022

Adanya kekhawatirkan biaya penggunaan energi fosil dari PLN yang meningkat serta kebutuhan listrik yang tidak sedikit sehingga diperlukan adanya sistem kelistrikan dengan sumber energi terbarukan. Pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dengan sistem on grid merupakan solusi bagi pelanggan PLN untuk mengurangi tagihan listrik. Dengan penggunaan sistem ini akan mengurangi tagihan listrik dan memberikan nilai tambah pada pemiliknya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian komponen pada sistem PLTS dan menganalisis dampak dari pengimplementasian PLTS on grid terhadap konsumsi energi listrik di lokasi penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, didapatkan hasil bahwa array surya memiliki efisiensi sebesar 16,03% dan inverter memiliki efisiensi sebesar 92,61% dimana nilai efisiensi masih lebih rendah dari nilai pada data sheet komponen yang disebakan karena suhu lingkungan yang lebih tinggi dari suhu optimal. Berdasarkan analisis dari produksi PLTS, didapatkan hasil bahwa dari total beban yang beroperasi selama 30 hari objek penelitian hanya memerlukan impor energi listrik dari PLN sebesar 232,318 kWh dari total beban yang beroperasi sebesar 313.99 kWh.
STUDI PERANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) ROOFTOP ON GRID PADA PT. BPR BKK MANDIRAJA CABANG WANAYASA KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA DITINJAU DARI TEKNIS DAN EKONOMI TEKNIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE PVSYST 7.0 DAN RETSCREEN 6.0.7
Authors: Mahardhika Darell , Windarta Jaka , Sinuraya Enda Wista
Published: July 2022

Penggunaan teknologi sel surya sebagai sumber energi listrik di Indonesia masih sangat minim padahal potensi sumber energi matahari sangat melimpah. EBT mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Dalam hal ini, energi surya merupakan alternatif energi terbarukan yang mampu menjadi salah satu solusi untuk menjadi pengganti energi fosil. Menggunakan masing-masing dua alternatif untuk komponen utama panel surya dan inverter maka terdapat 4 variasi rancangan konfigurasi komponen dalam penelitian ini. Variasi 1 menggunakan panel surya osda dengan inverter solis. Variasi 2 menggunakan panel surya osda dengan inverter sofar. Variasi 3 menggunakan panel surya risen dengan inverter solis. Variasi 4 menggunakan panel surya risen dengan inverter sofar. Melalui software PVSyst 7.0, dengan rata rata radiasi sebesar 4,16 kWh/m2/hari, potensi kinerja dari masing-masing variasi perancangan PLTS rooftop kapasitas 1200 Wp  ini akan menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 1266 kWh, 1259 kWh, 1401 kWh dan 1393 kWh. Biaya investasi masing-masing variasi perancangan PLTS pada penelitian ini adalah Rp23.072.000, Rp21.922.000, Rp24.572.000, dan Rp23.422.000 dengan nilai Net Present Value masing-masing variasi adalah Rp6.384.126, Rp7.631.112, Rp7.816.540, dan Rp9.023.991 dengan waktu pengembalian biaya investasi masing-masing variasi berdasarkan discounted payback period yang dihitung adalah 13,13 tahun, 12,83 tahun, 12,78 tahun dan 12,26 tahun
PERANCANGAN SISTEM CHARGING BATERAI PADA PROTOTIPE ALAT UKUR TEGANGAN UJUNG FEEDER BERBASIS IOT
Authors: Najib Naufhal , Syakur Abdul , Soetrisno Yosua Alvin
Published: July 2022

Baterai merupakan kebutuhan terpenting bagi manusia. Rechargeable battery membantu kebutuhan manusia. Pengisian baterai perlu memperhatikan nilai arus dan tegangan yang mengalir ke baterai. Pengisian baterai isi ulang dilakukan dengan mengalirkan arus terus-menerus hingga tegangan baterai bertambah sampai nilai tertentu karena pengisian berlebihan dapat merusak baterai sehingga baterai tak bertahan lama. Waktu pengisian dan usia baterai sangat bergantung pada sifat rangkaian pengisi akumulator. Arus dan tegangan yang tidak sesuai dapat merusak baterai dan mengurangi umur baterai. Masalah tersebut dapat diatasi menggunakan rangkaian pemutus tegangan dan arus. Metode pengisian yang digunakan yaitu constant voltage, pemilihan rangkaian Cut off menggunakan transistor sebagai alat pemutus tegangan dan arus memiliki kelebihan yaitu mampu memutus tegangan dan arus sesuai yang dibatasi tanpa mengganti komponen. Berdasarkan pengujian, rangkaian cut off dapat memutus tegangan dan arus keluaran sesuai yang dibatasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, rangkaian cut off mampu memutus tegangan dan arus pada tegangan 13.80V pada baterai 7Ah.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENCARIAN TITIK DAYA MAKSIMUM PADA PANEL SURYA KONDISI PARTIAL SHADING DENGAN MODE KONTROL MPPT MENGGUNAKAN KONVERTER ARUS SEARAH TIPE BOOST BERBASIS ALGORITMA FIREFLY
Authors: Azizah Femmy Nur , Darjat Darjat , Denis Denis
Published: July 2022

Perbedaan level iradiasi yang diterima modul PV dapat diakibatkan oleh cuaca berawan, pepohonan, bangunan, dan objek lain yang bisa menutupi permukaan panel surya sehingga menimbulkan multi-peak pada kurva karakteristik PV dan daya keluaran total menurun. Diperlukan suatu metode untuk memaksimalkan daya keluaran PV dan algoritma untuk memperoleh global-peak. Metode tersebut adalah MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melacak titik daya maksimum PV pada kondisi modul PV tertutup bayangan sebagian dan perancangan konverter tipe boost. Metode pengontrolan MPPT dengan algoritma firefly digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis daya keluaran panel surya pada kondisi tertutup bayangan sebagian. Daya maksimum yang dihasilkan sistem MPPT pada panel surya 200 WP dengan variasi nilai beban 56 Ω dan 100 Ω pada iradiasi 950 W/m2 dan suhu 35ᴼC adalah 82,85 W dan 82,99 W. Pada kondisi PV tertutup 25% adalah 40,98 W dan 40,82 W. Pada kondisi PV tertutup 50% adalah 38,81 W dan 38,95 W. Kondisi partial shading mempengaruhi perolehan titik daya maksimum. Semakin banyak permukaan panel yang tertutup, maka daya keluaran maksimum dari PV akan menurun.
PERANCANGAN INVERTER SATU FASA TOPOLOGI JEMBATAN PENUH DENGAN RANGKAIAN BOOTSTRAP
Authors: Gianza Nieko Nata , Darjat Darjat , Afrisal Hadha
Published: July 2022

Panel surya dapat mengubah  energi surya menjadi energi listrik dengan keluaran tegangan arus searah. Hal ini menyebabkan perlu dirancangnya inverter yang dapat mengubah tegangan DC menjadi AC.  Inverter dilengkapi dengan transformator step-up untuk menaikan tegangan hingga mencapai 220 VAC. Pemicuan sinyal  menggunakan  mikrokontroler Arduino Nano untuk menghasilkan sinyal SPWM. Dalam Tugas Akhir ini dilakukan pengujian dengan memvariasikan nilai frekuensi dari 40 Hz – 60 Hz dan melihat pengaruh pada tegangan keluaran, arus keluaran, dan efisiensi . Pada pengujian didapatkan nilai tegangan rata-rata pada lampu LED 12 Watt sebesar  187,422 V dan lampu pijar 100 Watt sebesar  172,367. Pengujian dengan variasi beban kipas angin 35 Watt memiliki nilai tegangan rata-rata sebesar 221,6 V. Berdasarkan pengujian tersebut didapatkan efisiensi rata-rata dengan variasi frekuensi pada keluaran inverter saat dibebani lampu LED 12 Watt sebesar 77,41% dan saat  dibebani lampu pijar 100 Watt sebesar  55,31%. Pengujian variasi beban saat  dibebani  kipas angin 35 Watt memiliki efisiensi rata-rata sebesar  46,44%. Perubahan nilai efisiensi pada pengujian variasi frekuensi dipengaruhi oleh rugi-rugi pensaklaran MOSFET, rugi-rugi konduksi MOSFET, dan rugi-rugi lainnya.
ANALISIS DAN PENENTUAN KOORDINASI PROTEKSI RELE ARUS LEBIH SISTEM TEGANGAN MENENGAH DAN TEGANGAN RENDAH DI AREA PEMBEBANAN SENDIRI PLTP DARAJAT
Authors: Setiaji Yoga Fajar , Hermawan Hermawan , Facta Mochammad
Published: July 2022

Sistem proteksi sangat penting untuk menjaga kontinuitas dan meningkatkan keandalan sistem kelistrikan. Sistem proteksi yang efektif dan selektif sangat penting dipilih untuk mengatasi adanya gangguan. Skema proteksi yang paling cocok layak untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) Darajat sebagai salah satu pembangkit listrik yang memasok kebutuhan listrik di Jawa-Bali. Jaringan beban internal yang terdapat di pembangkit listrik memerlukan skema proteksi yang sesuai, sehingga pembangkit listrik tetap beroperasi karena gangguan hubung singkat terjadi pada beban sendiri. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis dan penentuan koordinasi proteksi sistem tegangan menengah dan rendah sebagai bagian dari perlindungan jaringan internal dan beban. Penyelidikan awal untuk kondisi arus beban eksisting, ditemukan beberapa ketidaksesuaian koordinasi rele arus lebih dan rele gangguan tanah yaitu urutan trip, setting pick up, dan waktu tunda. Ketidaksesuaian tersebut tidak mengikuti standar IEEE 242-2001 dimana grading time adalah 0.2-0.4 s. Perhitungan lebih lanjut dan simulasi pengujian sebagai bagian dari analisis memberikan skema pengaturan ulang mengikuti standar yang dirujuk. Rekomendasi dikeluarkan untuk grading waktu rele utama dan cadangan dalam interval waktu dari 0,2-0,235 detik.
ANALISIS STABILITAS DAN PENENTUAN PROTEKSI TEGANGAN DAN FREKUENSI DI GENERATOR TRANSFORMATOR PLTP DARAJAT
Authors: Azmi Moh. Izzul , Hermawan Hermawan , Facta Mochammad
Published: July 2022

Suplai daya maksimal Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi Darajat maksimum sebesar 197,663 MW. Kestabilan sistem dalam menyuplai beban secara terus menerus sangat penting. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut  adalah kestabilan frekuensi dan tegangan. Stabilitas frekuensi dan tegangan perlu diperhatikan selama perencanaan dan pengoperasian tenaga listrik untuk menghindari ketidakstabilan sistem yang dapat menyebabkan (blackout) pemadaman sistem. Pengkondisian beban dan setting proteksi perlu dilakukan untuk mengembalikan sistem ke kondisi normal setelah terjadi gangguan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang stabilitas dan proteksi tegangan dan frekuensi pada generator-transformator PLTP Darajat dengan metode voltage impact dan hubung singkat (short circuit). Untuk proteksi tegangan dan frekuensi akan dilakukan penentuan setting ulang rele tegangan (27 & 59), frekuensi (81 U &O), V/Hz (24), dan penambahan rele loss of excitation (40) guna menjaga kestabilan dan proteksi pada generator-transformator PLTP Darajat