bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of the flavonoid fraction fromEucommia ulmoidesleaves by a liquid antisolvent precipitation method and evaluation of antioxidant activitiesin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Wu Mingfang , Zhuang Qianli , Lin Junkai , Peng Yaya , Luo Fei , Liu Zixuan , Farooq Umar , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2023

Eucommia ulmoidesleaves originate from the dry leaves of theEucommia ulmoidesplant.
Investigation of organophosphorus (OPs) compounds by a needle trap device based on mesoporous organo-layered double hydroxide (organo-LDH)
Authors: Rahimpoor Razzagh , soleymani-ghoozhdi Danial , Alizadeh Saber , Firoozichahak Ali , Mehregan Faeze , Firoozi Razieh
Published: June 2023

Schematic image of sampling and analysis of organophosphorus (OPs) compounds by organo-LDH:NTD method.
Polyacrylonitrile/UV329/titanium oxide composite nanofibrous membranes with enhanced UV protection and filtration performance
Authors: Sheng Junlu , Ding Shuiping , Liao Haiyan , Yao Yongbo , Zhai Yunyun , Zhan Jianchao , Wang Xueqin
Published: June 2023

Multifunctional polyacrylonitrile/UV329/TiO2 membranes were synthesised. An easy one-step electrospinning process was adopted. Composite membranes exhibited UV protection and air-filtering properties.
CO2-laser-induced carbonization of calcium chloride-treated chitin nanopaper for applications in solar thermal heating
Authors: Yeamsuksawat Thanakorn , Zhu Luting , Kasuga Takaaki , Nogi Masaya , Koga Hirotaka
Published: June 2023

The second-scale CO2-laser-induced carbonization of chitin nanopaper was achieved by CaCl2 pretreatment. The as-carbonized chitin nanopaper exhibited excellent solar thermal heating performance for the effective utilization of solar energy as heat.
A three-dimensional microfluidic flow cell and system integration for improved electrochemical substrate detection in HRP/TMB-based immunoassays
Authors: Ecke Alexander , Bell Jérémy , Schneider Rudolf J.
Published: June 2023

This system built from commercially available parts and microfluidics allows for efficient and robust readout of HRP/TMB based immunoassays.
An overview of Schiff base-based fluorescent turn-on probes: a potential candidate for tracking live cell imaging of biologically active metal ions
Authors: Afrin A. , Jayaraj Anjitha , Gayathri M. S. , P. Chinna Ayya Swamy
Published: June 2023

This review focused on Schiff base-based fluorescent turn-on probes for detecting biologically important metal ions, paying primary attention to their biological applications.
Ultrathin electron and proton-conducting membranes for nanoscale integrated artificial photosystems
Authors: Frei Heinz
Published: June 2023

Ultrathin separation membranes of ten nanometer thickness capable of separating small molecules for avoiding back reactions while providing adequate electron and proton transport enable the development of nanoscale integrated artificial photosystems.
Enhancement of catalytic hydrolysis activity for organophosphates by the metal–organic framework MOF-808-NH2via post-synthetic modification
Authors: Garibay Sergio J. , Tovar Trenton M. , Iordanov Ivan O. , Peterson Gregory W. , DeCoste Jared B.
Published: June 2023

Post-synthetic modification of MOF-808 creates solid state buffering capacity for organophosphate catalytic hydrolysis.
High-quality SiNx thin-film growth at 300 °C using atomic layer deposition with hollow-cathode plasma
Authors: Park Jae Chan , Kim Dae Hyun , Seok Tae Jun , Kim Dae Woong , Ahn Ji-Hoon , Kim Woo-Hee , Park Tae Joo
Published: June 2023

A novel remote high-density plasma source, hollow cathode plasma source allows low-temperature growth of high-quality SiNx films without oxygen impurities, showing superior physicochemical and electrical properties.
Vibronic transitions determined narrowband emission for multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Zhang Heming , Ke Lianbao , Li Zhiqiang , Nie Yufang , Wang Jiaxuan , Bi Hai , Wang Yue
Published: June 2023

The narrowband emission of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) molecules is associated with the surrounding group dominated vibronic transitions.
Contributions of coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor to tumorigenesis
Authors: Owczarek Claudia , Elmasry Yassmin , Parsons Maddy
Published: June 2023

Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane cell–cell adhesion receptor that forms homodimers across junctions and plays a key role in mediating epithelial barrier integrity. CAR can also heterodimerise with receptors on the surface of leukocytes and thus plays an additional role in mediating immune cell transmigration across epithelial tissues. Given the importance of both biological processes in cancer, CAR is emerging as a potential mediator of tumorigenesis as well as a target on cancer cells for viral therapy delivery. However, the emerging, often conflicting, evidence suggests that CAR function is tightly regulated and that contributions to disease progression are likely to be context specific. Here, we summarise reported roles for CAR in the context of cancer and draw on observations in other disease settings to offer a perspective on the potential relevance of this receptor as a therapeutic target for solid tumours.
Flexible operation of a CHP‐VPP considering the coordination of supply and demand based on a strengthened distributionally robust optimization
Authors: Yu Songyuan , Fang Fang , Liu Jizhen
Published: June 2023

Due to the generation variability, the growing capacity of renewable energy has posed unprecedented challenges to ensure the security of power system operation. Here, a two‐stage strengthened distributionally robust optimization (DRO) scheme is proposed for theself‐scheduling of a combined heat and power virtual power plant (CHP‐VPP) over a coupled electric power network (EPN) and district heating network (DHN). The CHP‐VPP operator maximizes its profits in the day‐ahead market and minimizes its cost in the real‐time market under the worst‐case realization of the uncertainties. Instead of assuming that the uncertainties follow known probability distributions or confidence bounds, a strengthened ambiguity set based on moment information and Wasserstein metric is built to provide more accurate characterizations of the true probability distribution of uncertainties. In addition, in order to enhance the flexibility of the system, a HOMIE model considering indoor activities and outside temperatures of each building is built to satisfy the comfortable indoor temperature. To make the whole problem tractable, linearisation and duality theory are adopted, and then a tailored column‐and‐constraint generation algorithm is developed to solve the problem. The validity and applicability of the strengthened DRO scheme are verified by an IEEE 33‐bus EPN and 14‐node DHN.
Supply‐demand optimizer for economic emission dispatch incorporating price penalty factor and variable load demand levels
Authors: Hassan Mohamed H. , Kamel Salah , Shaikh Muhammad Suhail , Alquthami Thamer , Hussien Abdelazim G.
Published: June 2023

The Economic and Emission Dispatch (EED) method is widely used to optimize generator output in a power system. The goal is to reduce fuel costs and emissions, including carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, while maintaining power balance and adhering to limit constraints. EED aims to minimize emissions and operating costs while meeting power demands. To solve the multi‐objective EED problem, the supply‐demand optimization (SDO) algorithm is proposed, which employs a price penalty factor approach to convert it into a single‐objective function. The SDO algorithm uses a swarm‐based optimization strategy inspired by supply‐demand mechanisms in economics. The algorithm's performance is evaluated on seven benchmark functions before being used to simulate the EED problem on power systems with varying numbers of units and load demands. Established algorithms like the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Moth‐Flame Optimization (MFO), Transient Search Optimization (TSO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) are compared to the SDO algorithm. The simulations are conducted on power systems with different numbers of units and load demands to optimize power generation output. The numerical analyses demonstrate that the SDO technique is more efficient and produces higher quality solutions than other recent optimization methods.
Oblique rings from migrating exomoons: A possible origin for long-period exoplanets with enlarged radii
Authors: Saillenfest Melaine , Sulis Sophia , Charpentier Paul , Santerne Alexandre
Published: June 2023

Context. The extremely low density of several long-period exoplanets in mature systems is still unexplained - with HIP 41378 f being archetypical of this category. It has been proposed that such planets could actually have normal densities but be surrounded by a ring observed approximately face on, mimicking the transit depth of a puffy planet. This configuration would imply that the equator of the planet is nearly perpendicular to its orbit plane, which is at odds with the formation process of gas giants. Yet, in the context of the Solar System planets, it has recently been shown that after gigayears of evolution, the tidal migration of a moon can naturally lead to a very tilted planet with a ring.

Aims. As exomoons are expected to be ubiquitous around giant exoplanets, this mechanism may be responsible for the anomalous radii of some observed exoplanets. In preparation for the future discoveries of the PLATO mission, we present a simple method for checking the plausibility of this mechanism for a given exoplanet.

Methods. Analytical formulas give the probability density function of the relevant precession harmonics of the planet. For each harmonic, simple criteria set the moon mass and other properties required for the mechanism to operate.

Results. We applied this methodology to HIP 41378 f, and we show that in order to reproduce the observed configuration, a hypothetical former moon should have had a moon-to-planet mass ratio of a few times 10−4 (i.e. roughly the mass of our Moon) and have migrated over a distance of a few planet’s radii on a gigayear timescale. These orders of magnitude match the properties of moons expected to exist around gaseous exoplanets.

Conclusions. We conclude that the migration of a former moon is a viable formation pathway for the proposed ring and tilt of HIP 41378 f. This example strengthens the ring hypothesis and motivates its application to other promising targets.
Tibial tubercule osteotomy during the revision of total knee arthroplasty: The technique of a referral center with 10 years of experience
Authors: Cance Nicolas , Batailler Cecile , Canetti Robin , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy (TTO) technique, by lifting the distal bony attachment of the extensor mechanism, allows efficient knee exposure while preserving soft tissues and tendinous attachments. The surgical technique seems essential to obtain satisfying outcomes with a low rate of specific complications. Several tip sand tricks can be used to improve this procedure during the revision of total knee arthroplasty (RTKA). Technique: The osteotomy should be at least: 60 mm in length and 20 mm in width to allow fixation with 2 screws; and 10–15 mm thick to resist to screw compression. The proximal cut of the osteotomy must keep a proximal buttress spur of 10 mm to get primary stability and avoid the tubercle ascension. A smooth end of the TTO distally reduces the risk of a tibial shaft fracture. The strongest fixation is obtained using two bicortical 4.5 mm screws slightly ascendant. Results: From January 2010 to September 2020, 135 patients received an RTKA with concomitant TTO and a mean follow-up of 51 ± 26 months [24–121]. The osteotomy was healed in 95% of patients (n = 128) with a mean delay of 3.4 ± 2.7 months [1.5–24]. However, there are some specific and significant complications related to the TTO. Twenty complications (15%) related to the TTO were recorded, with 8 (6%) requiring surgery. Conclusion: Tibial tubercle osteotomy in RTKA is an efficient procedure to improve knee exposure. To avoid tibial tubercle fracture or non-union, a rigorous surgical technique is primordial with a sufficient length and thickness of the tibial tubercle, a smooth end, a proximal step, a final good bone contact, and a strong fixation.
Insulin Secretion Capacity as a Crucial Feature to Distinguish Type 1
From Type 2 Diabetes and to Indicate the Need for Insulin Therapy – A
Critical Discussion of the ADA/EASD Consensus Statement on the
Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults
Authors: Fritsche Andreas
Published: June 2023

In the recently published consensus statement on the treatment and management of
type 1 diabetes issued by experts from the American (ADA) and European (EASD)
diabetes societies, measurement of endogenous insulin secretion using fasting
C-peptide is recommended as a diagnostic criterion. In contrast, our group
recently suggested fasting C-peptide/glucose ratio (CGR) for the
determination of endogenous insulin secretion. In addition, this ratio may turn
out as a potential decision aid for pathophysiologically based differential
therapy of diabetes. In this comment, the following points will be discussed: i)
CGR as the basis of differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, ii) CGR as the
basis of treatment decisions for or against insulin in diabetes, and iii) the
ease of application of CGR in clinical practice. The use of CGR may complement
the ADA/EASD recommendations and should provide a practical application
in clinical practice.
Verantwortung der Pflegefachkräfte im Kontext Kinderschutz
Authors: Agyemang Christian Kan
Published: June 2023

Das Kindernotfallzentrum der Uniklinik Bonn versorgt im Rahmen der klinischen Notfallversorgung Kinder und Jugendliche aller Altersklassen – vom Neugeborenen bis zum vollendeten 18. Lebensjahr. Im Zentrum der Behandlung akuter Verletzungen oder Erkrankungen steht dabei auch immer die Umsetzung des Kinderschutzes.
AGE RAGE Pathways: Cardiovascular Disease and Oxidative
Stress
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Kumar Pavan , Shukla Karuna Shanker , Maheshwari Shubhrat
Published: June 2023

It is well established that Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and their
receptor (RAGE) are primarily responsible for the development of cardiovascular
disease. As a result, diabetic therapy is very interested in therapeutic
strategies that can target the AGE-RAGE axis. The majority of the AGE-RAGE
inhibitors showed encouraging outcomes in animal experiments, but more
information is needed to completely understand their clinical effects. The main
mechanism implicated in the aetiology of cardiovascular disease in people with
diabetes is oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by AGE-RAGE interaction.
Numerous PPAR-agonists have demonstrated favourable outcomes in the treatment of
cardio-metabolic illness situations by inhibiting the AGE-RAGE axis. The
body’s ubiquitous phenomena of inflammation occur in reaction to
environmental stressors such tissue damage, infection by pathogens, or exposure
to toxic substances. Rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumour (swelling), colour
(pain), and in severe cases, loss of function, are its cardinal symptoms. When
exposed, the lungs develop silicotic granulomas with the synthesis of collagen
and reticulin fibres. A natural flavonoid called chyrsin has been found to have
PPAR-agonist activity as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The RPE insod2+/animals underwent mononuclear phagocyte-induced
apoptosis, which was accompanied with decreased superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)
and increased superoxide generation. Injections of the serine proteinase
inhibitor SERPINA3K decreased proinflammatory factor expression in mice with
oxygen-induced retinopathy, decreased ROS production, and increased levels of
SOD and GSH.
Qualitätssicherung in der psychiatrischen Versorgung: Ein
standardisierter Behandlungsprozess für die Medizinisch Therapeutischen
Dienste der Universitären Psychiatrischen Kliniken Basel
Authors: Hug Niki , Neyenhuys Annetta , Nienaber André
Published: June 2023

Ziel Für die Medizinisch Therapeutischen Dienste (MTD) wurde an
den Universitären Psychiatrischen Kliniken Basel (UPK) im Rahmen eines
Qualitätsentwicklungsprojektes der Behandlungsprozess standardisiert.
Ziel war es die bestehenden, heterogenen Strukturen und Prozesse der
unterschiedlichen Fachtherapien inklusive deren Therapieinhalte, Methoden und
Dokumentationsverfahren auf interne und externe Evidenz zu prüfen,
Transparenz zu schaffen, sie wo möglich zu standardisieren und die
Effektivität und Effizienz zu erhöhen.

Methoden In der Ist-Analyse erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche zu
Wirksamkeitsstudien, Leitlinien, Assessments und Indikationsstellungen der
Therapien. Zusätzlich wurden systematisch Leistungs- und
Personalkennzahlen der MTD ermittelt. Die darauf gestützte
SOLL-Definition erfolgte durch ein iteratives Projektvorgehen. Dabei wurden in
einer Arbeitsgruppe bestehende Inhalte aus der IST-Analyse zusammengetragen und
laufend in offenen und explorativen Verfahren (Brainstorming, Mindmapping)
weiterverarbeitet und zur Erarbeitung von Kriterien, Bewertungen, Abbildung von
Prozessabläufen und Strukturvorgaben verwendet. Daraus sind letztlich
verschiedene Massnahmepakete entstanden.

Ergebnis Aus dem Projekt ging eine umfassende Überarbeitung des
Therapienangebotes, Kernkonzepte der Angebote und eine Schärfung der
Indikationen hervor. Daneben wurde ein Gesamtprozess für den MTD
definiert, Checklisten und Musterstellenbeschreibungen erarbeitet, neue
Funktionen eingeführt (Verantwortliche Berufsbildung) sowie eine fixe
Zuteilung der Mitarbeitenden zu sämtlichen Abteilungen festgelegt. Mit
der Einführung der Internationalen Klassifikation der
Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) konnte eine
einheitliche Grundlage geschaffen werden in Bezug auf die Diagnostik, die
Interventionsplanung und die Dokumentation.

Schlussfolgerung Der vorliegende Praxisbericht zeigt auf, wie
evidenzbasierte Versorgung aus der Sicht der Medizinisch Therapeutischen Dienste
im Hinblick auf die stationäre psychiatrische Behandlung umgesetzt
werden kann, welche Effekte dadurch erhofft werden und welche Herausforderungen
damit verbunden sind. Das Projekt zur Qualitätssicherung mittels
Standardisierung bietet Klarheit und Transparenz für alle Berufsgruppen
im Behandlungsprozess. Patient*innen wird insbesondere durch eine
verbesserte Indikation und Diagnostik eine effektivere und individalisierte
Behandlung ermöglicht.
Digitale Volumentomografie bei der Behandlung von
Radiusfrakturen
Authors: Wieschollek Stefanie , Knie Careen , Megerle Kai
Published: June 2023

Die digitale Volumentomografie (DVT) bietet in der Handchirurgie eine relativ
neue Form der Schnittbildgebung. Die distale Radiusfraktur nimmt als
häufigste Fraktur des Erwachsenen einen besonderen Stellenwert ein,
nicht nur für Handchirurgen. Das Patientenaufkommen ist hoch und es
bedarf schneller und valider Diagnostik. Operative Techniken und
Möglichkeiten werden stetig weiterentwickelt, insbesondere was
intraartikuläre Frakturen betrifft. Der Anspruch auf exakte Versorgung
ist hoch. Bei der Indikation einer präoperativen dreidimensionalen
Bildgebung besteht weitestgehend Einigkeit und sie findet häufig
Anwendung. Üblicherweise erfolgt sie mittels Mehrzeilen-Spiral-CT
(Multidetektor-CT, MDCT). Die postoperative Bildgebung beschränkt sich
in den meisten Fällen auf konventionelle Röntgenbilder in zwei
Ebenen. Allgemein akzeptierte Empfehlungen bezüglich einer
postoperativen 3D-Bildgebung existieren bisher nicht. Die Datenlage ist
spärlich. Sollte eine CT indiziert sein, so wird diese
üblicherweise ebenfalls mittel MDCT durchgeführt. Die
DVT-Diagnostik im Bereich des Handgelenkes ist noch wenig verbreitet. Diese
Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem möglichen Einsatz der DVT in der
perioperativen Diagnostik distaler Radiusfrakturen. Die DVT ermöglicht
eine exzellente Bildqualität bei potentiell niedrigerer
Strahlenbelastung im Vergleich zur MDCT, mit und ohne einliegendem
Osteosynthesematerial. Sie ist schnell verfügbar und
eigenständig durchführbar, was zeitsparend und effizient ist und
damit den klinischen Alltag erleichtert. Durch ihre vielen Vorteile stellt die
DVT bei der perioperativen Diagnostik von Radiusfrakturen eine empfehlenswerte
Alternative zum MDCT dar.
Kann Case Management den Umzug von Menschen mit Demenz in eine
Pflegeeinrichtung verzögern? – Ein systematisches Review
randomisiert kontrollierter Studien
Authors: Klaas-Ickler Dorothee , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter , Dietzel Nikolas
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund Demenz ist einer der Hauptgründe für
Pflegebedürftigkeit im Alter. Aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung
wird das formelle und informelle Pflegepotential in Deutschland in den
nächsten Jahren weiter abnehmen. Der Förderung
häuslicher Versorgungsarrangements kommt darum ein hoher Stellenwert zu.
Case Management (CM) hat zum Ziel, eine effiziente Koordination von
Versorgungsleistungen, abgestimmt auf die Bedarfe und Ressourcen von chronisch
erkrankten Menschen und ihren Angehörigen, zu erreichen. Das Ziel dieser
Arbeit ist, die Auswirkung von CM auf den Verbleib von Menschen mit Demenz im
häuslichen Umfeld im Rahmen einer systematischen
Übersichtsarbeit zu untersuchen.

Methode Mit einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden fachrelevante
elektronische Datenbanken (Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, CENTRAL, Gerolit,
ALOIS) auf randomisiert kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) durchsucht. Berichts- und
Studienqualität eingeschlossener Studien wurden mittels
CONSORT-Checkliste und Jadad-Skala bewertet.

Ergebnisse Eingeschlossen wurden 6 RCTs aus 5 verschiedenen
Gesundheitssystemen (Deutschland, USA, Niederlande, Frankreich, China). Bei 3
der RCTs zeigen sich signifikante Verzögerungen der Heimunterbringungen
bzw. signifikant geringere Heimeinzugsraten zugunsten der Interventionsgruppen,
3 weitere berichten von geringen, nicht statistisch signifikanten
Ergebnissen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass CM-Ansätze das Potential
haben, den Verbleib von Menschen mit Demenz im eigenen Zuhause zu
verlängern. Die weitere Etablierung und Evaluation von
CM-Ansätzen sollte daher seitens der Entscheidungsträger im
Gesundheitswesen unbedingt gefördert werden. Bei der Planung und
Evaluation von CM-Ansätzen in spezifischen regionalen
Versorgungssettings sollten von Beginn an Barrieren und Chancen für eine
nachhaltige Implementierung in die Versorgungsketten berücksichtigt
werden.
Phytopharmaceuticals and Herbal Approaches to Target
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Islam Anas , Mishra Anuradha , Ahsan Rabia , Fareha Syed
Published: June 2023

Neurodegeneration is characterized as the continuous functional and structural
loss of neurons, resulting in various clinical and pathological manifestations
and loss of functional anatomy. Medicinal plants have been oppressed from
ancient years and are highly considered throughout the world as a rich source of
therapeutic means for the prevention, treatment of various ailments.
Plant-derived medicinal products are becoming popular in India and other
nations. Further herbal therapies shows good impact on chronic long term
illnesses including degenerative conditions of neurons and brain. The use of
herbal medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world. The active
phytochemical constituents of individual plants are sometimes insufficient to
achieve the desirable therapeutic effects. Combining the multiple herbs in a
particular ratio (polyherbalism) will give a better therapeutic effect and
reduce toxicity. Herbal-based nanosystems are also being studied as a way to
enhance the delivery and bioavailability of phytochemical compounds for the
treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review mainly focuses on the
importance of the herbal medicines, polyherbalism and herbal-based nanosystems
and its clinical significance for neurodegenerative diseases.
Synthetic Strategies for Accessing Dibenzophosphole Scaffolds
Authors: Sakai Norio , Hattori Hiroyuki , Ishida Kento
Published: June 2023

Dibenzophospholes, phosphorus-containing π-conjugated cyclic compounds, have attracted considerable attention because of their potential applications in various functional materials such as those required for organic electroluminescent devices. Moreover, their synthetic methods have been widely developed. This review summarizes the construction strategies of dibenzophosphole scaffolds, including those developed recently.

1 Introduction

2 Construction of a Phosphole Skeleton Using Aryl Compounds

2.1 [4+1] Cyclization between Biaryl Derivatives and P1 Units

2.2 Intramolecular P–C Bond Formation of Biarylphosphines

2.3 Intramolecular C–C Bond Formation of Diarylphosphines

2.4 [3+2] Cyclization between Arylphosphines and Arenes

3 Fused-Benzene Ring Formation

4 Successive Phosphole Skeleton and Fused-Benzene Ring Formation

5 Conclusions
Intrapleural Anticancer Therapy for Malignant Pleural Diseases: Facts or Fiction?
Authors: Agrawal Abhinav , Chaddha Udit , Shojaee Samira , Maldonado Fabien
Published: June 2023

Malignant pleural diseases involves both primary pleural malignancies (e.g., mesothelioma) as well as metastatic disease involving the pleura. The management of primary pleural malignancies remains a challenge, given their limited response to conventional treatments such as surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this article, we aimed to review the management of primary pleural malignancy as well as malignant pleural effusion and assess the current state of intrapleural anticancer therapies. We review the role intrapleural chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and immunogene therapy, as well as oncolytic viral, therapy and intrapleural drug device combination. We further discuss that while the pleural space offers a unique opportunity for local therapy as an adjuvant option to systemic therapy and may help decrease some of the systemic side effects, further patient outcome-oriented research is needed to determine the exact role of these treatments within the armamentarium of currently available options.
Diaphragmatic and Rectus Femoris Muscles Ultrasonography in Relation to Motor and Respiratory Functions in Ambulatory Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Hassanein Sahar M.A. , Elagouza Iman , Sakr Hossam , Mohammed Maha Z. , Rihan Ahmed , Deifalla Shaymaa
Published: June 2023

Our aim was to establish correlations between GSGC (Gait, Stairs, Gower, Chair) scores and ultrasonographic (US) findings of rectus femoris muscle (RF) and to study correlation between pulmonary function tests (PFT) and diaphragmatic muscles thickness in ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Twenty-four ambulatory boys with DMD were included. Their motor functions were assessed using GSGC scale. All the participants underwent PFT. US was used to assess RF quantitatively (gray scale analysis) and semiquantitatively (modified Heckmatt score) besides assessment of diaphragmatic muscle thickness. Patients with grade IV modified Heckmatt scale had the worst functional performance compared with grade III and II evidenced by having the highest total GSGC score (p < 0.01), worst gait, stairs climbing, chair rising scores, and the longest time for rising from floor (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was detected between forced expiratory volume in 1s/ forced vital capacity and right diaphragmatic muscle thickness. GSGC score positively correlated with RF US findings (quantitative gray scale analysis). GSGC score is a successful tool that could be used for clinical evaluation of patients with DMD. Diaphragmatic US introduces an option for screening and monitoring of restrictive respiratory pattern in patients with DMD after determining the reference values of diaphragmatic muscle thickness in different ages.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Frequency and Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children
Authors: Güler Selen , Aksoy Betül , Appak Yeliz Ç. , Kahveci Sinem , Karabağ Şenay O. , Baran Maşallah
Published: June 2023

Objective Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Some difficulties and differences were experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period for monitoring of chronic diseases. In this study, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency and course of inflammatory bowel disease in children was evaluated.

Methods The first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 case in Türkiye was diagnosed on March 11, 2020. The pandemic period was defined as the year following this date, and the pre-pandemic period as the preceding year. The number of patients newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and their clinical presentations during the pandemic period and pre-pandemic period was compared. In addition, the clinical features of previously diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease patients in the pandemic period and pre-pandemic period were compared.

Results Eighty-six patients in a pediatric gastroenterology clinic between 2009 and 2021 were included. The number of newly diagnosed patients was higher during the pandemic period (n = 14) compared with the pre-pandemic period (n = 18; p = 0.017). Fifty-four patients were follow-up patients diagnosed before 2019: the mean number of outpatient clinic visits, disease attacks, and hospitalizations was lower pandemic period than pre-pandemic period (p < 0.01).

Conclusion The changes experienced during pandemic period may have triggered more cases of inflammatory bowel disease. However, we found no evidence that either less face-to-face follow-up of, or life changes in, existing inflammatory bowel disease patients during the pandemic period adversely affected their clinical outcomes.
The Effect of Body Mass Index on Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sudduth Jack D. , Marquez Jessica L. , Samlowski Erika E. , Bautista Catie , Eddington Devin , Agarwal Jayant P. , Kwok Alvin C.
Published: June 2023

Background Literature addressing the risks associated with increasing body mass index (BMI) for patients undergoing free flap breast reconstruction is limited. Often, an arbitrary BMI cutoff (i.e., BMI of 30 kg/m2) is used to determine candidacy for a free flap without substantial backing evidence. This study utilized a national multi-institutional database to analyze outcomes of free flap breast reconstruction and stratified complications by BMI class.

Methods Using the 2010 to 2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, patients who underwent free flap breast reconstruction were identified. Patients were divided into six cohorts based on the World Health Organization BMI classes. Cohorts were compared by basic demographics and complications. A multivariate regression model was created to control for age, diabetes, bilateral reconstruction, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and operative time.

Results Surgical complications increased with each BMI class, with the highest rates occurring in class I, II, and III obesity, respectively. In a multivariable regression model, the risk for any complication was significant for class II and III obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, p < 0.004; OR: 1.45, p < 0.001, respectively). Diabetes, bilateral reconstruction, and operative time were independently associated with an increased risk of any complication (OR: 1.44, 1.14, 1.14, respectively, p < 0.001).

Conclusion This study suggests that the risks of postoperative complications following free flap breast reconstruction are highest for patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, having nearly 1.5 times higher likelihood of postoperative complications. Stratifying these risks by weight class can help guide preoperative counseling with patients and help physicians determine candidacy for free flap breast reconstruction.
Impact of Latency Variations on the Predictive Value of Facial Nerve Proximal-to-Distal Amplitude Ratio during Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Ashram Yasmine A. , Zohdy Youssef M. , Garzon-Muvdi Tomas
Published: June 2023

Introduction This study highlights the relation between compound muscle action potential (CMAP) latency variations and the predictive value of facial nerve (FN) proximal-to-distal (P/D) amplitude ratio measured at the end of vestibular schwannoma resection.

Methods Forty-eight patients underwent FN stimulation at the brainstem (proximal) and internal acoustic meatus (distal) using a current intensity of 2 mA. The proximal latency and the P/D amplitude ratio were assessed. House–Brackmann grades I & II indicated good FN function, and grades III to VI were considered fair/poor function. A P/D amplitude ratio > 0.6 was used as a cutoff to indicate a good FN function, while a ratio of ≤ 0.6 indicated a fair/poor FN function.

Results The P/D amplitude ratio was measured for all patients, and the calculated sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 85.2, 85.7, 88.5, and 81.8%, respectively. The CMAPs from the mentalis muscle were then classified based on their proximal latency into group I (< 6 ms), group II (6–8 ms), and group III (> 8 ms). The SE, SP, PPV, and NPV became 90.5, 90.9, 95, and 83.3%, respectively, in group II. In group I, SE and NPV increased, whereas SP and PPV decreased. While in group III, SP and PPV increased, whereas SE and NPV decreased.

Conclusion At a latency between 6 and 8 ms, the P/D amplitude ratio was predictive of outcomes with high SE and SP. When latency was < 6 ms or > 8 ms, the same predictive ability was not observed. Knowing the strengths and limitations is important for understanding the predictive value of the P/D amplitude ratio.
EU resilience in times of COVID? Polity maintenance, public support, and solidarity
Authors: Oana Ioana-Elena , Ronchi Stefano , Truchlewski Zbigniew
Published: June 2023

This introduction presents the theoretical framework, aims, and summary of this special issue. We want to explain the European Union’s (EU) response to the COVID crisis from a ‘polity perspective’ (Kriesi 2021; Ferrera 2005). We conceptualize the EU as a compound ‘experimental’ polity which develops along three dimensions: binding (capacity building and sovereignty), bounding (bordering), and bonding (solidarity and loyalty). We structure the contributions around the following themes:polity building and polity maintenance(how did COVID affect policymaking in the EU?);reactions to polity building: public support, populism, and emergency politics(did the European public perceive emergency politics as illegitimate? did the EU’s policy response spur populism?); andsolidarity and bonding(to what extent did the crisis stimulate cross-national solidarity?). We show that, overall, the EU weathered the COVID storm better than expected for a potentially fragile multilevel polity. The crisis triggered unprecedented institutional innovation, underpinned by pan-European solidarity, and EU citizens did not backlash against emergency politics.
Distractions, analytical thinking and falling for fake news: A survey of psychological factors
Authors: Kwek Adrian , Peh Luke , Tan Josef , Lee Jin Xing
Published: June 2023

Analytical thinking safeguards us against believing or spreading fake news. In various forms, this common assumption has been reported, investigated, or implemented in fake news education programs. Some have associated this assumption with the inverse claim, that distractions from analytical thinking may render us vulnerable to believing or spreading fake news. This paper surveys the research done between 2016 and 2022 on psychological factors influencing one’s susceptibility to believing or spreading fake news, considers which of the psychological factors are plausible distractors to one’s exercise of analytical thinking, and discusses some implications of considering them as distractors to analytical thinking. From these, the paper draws five conclusions: (1) It is not analytical thinking per se, but analytical thinking directed to evaluating the truth that safeguards us from believing or spreading fake news. (2) While psychological factors can distract us from exercising analytical thinking and they can also distract us in exercising analytical thinking. (3) Whether a psychological factor functions as a distractor from analytical thinking or in analytical thinking may depend on contextual factors. (4) Measurements of analytical thinking may not indicate vulnerability to believing or spreading fake news. (5) The relevance of motivated reasoning to our tendency to believe fake news should not yet be dismissed. These findings may be useful to guide future research in the intersection of analytical thinking and susceptibility to believing or spreading fake news.
On hyperbolic attractors in a modified complex Shimizu–Morioka system
Authors: Kruglov Vyacheslav , Sataev Igor
Published: June 2023

We present a modified complex-valued Shimizu–Morioka system with a uniformly hyperbolic attractor. We show that the numerically observed attractor in the Poincaré cross section expands three times in the angular direction and strongly contracts in the transversal directions, similar in structure to the Smale–Williams solenoid. This is the first example of a modification of a system with a genuine Lorenz attractor, but manifesting a uniformly hyperbolic attractor instead. We perform numerical tests to show the transversality of tangent subspaces, a pivotal property of uniformly hyperbolic attractors, for both the flow system and its Poincaré map. We also observe that no genuine Lorenz-like attractors appear in the modified system.
Enhanced target normal sheath acceleration with a grooved hydrocarbon target
Authors: Khan Imran , Saxena Vikrant
Published: June 2023

The interaction of a high-intensity ultrashort laser pulse with a few micrometers-thick hydrocarbon target is known to accelerate protons/ions to multi-MeV, on the rear side of the target, via the mechanism of target normal sheath acceleration. Micro-structuring the target front is one of the promising approaches to enhance the cutoff energy as well as to reduce the divergence of accelerated protons/ions. In this paper, the interaction of a normally incident intense laser pulse with targets having single micrometer-sized grooves, at their front side, of semi-circular, triangular, and rectangular shapes has been studied by using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is observed that as compared to a flat target for targets with a rectangular groove at the front side the focused hot electron beam at the rear side results in an approximately fourfold increase in the cutoff energy of accelerated protons. For triangular and semi-circular groove targets, the cutoff energy remains comparatively lower (higher than the flat target though). The angular divergence of the accelerated protons/ions is also found to be relatively much lower in the case of a rectangular groove.
Magnon-bandgap controllable artificial domain wall waveguide
Authors: Yu Hai , Ma Xiao-Ping , Zhang Huanhuan , Zhang Xue-Feng , Luo Zhaochu , Piao Hong-Guang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a magnon-bandgap controllable artificial domain wall waveguide is proposed by means of micromagnetic simulation. By the investigation of the propagation behavior and dispersion relationship of spin waves in artificial domain wall waveguides, it is found that the nonreciprocal propagation of spin waves in the artificial domain walls is mainly affected by the local effective exchange field, and the magnon bandgap can be controlled by changing the maximum value of the effective exchange field. In addition, it is observed that the artificial domain wall waveguides are structurally more stable than the natural domain wall waveguides under the same spin wave injection conditions, and the magnon bandgap of the artificial domain wall waveguides can be adjusted by its width and magnetic anisotropy parameters. The bandgap controllable artificial domain wall scheme is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of magnon devices and can be applied to future magnonic technology as a high-pass filter with adjustable cutoff frequency.
Nonlinear model reduction to fractional and mixed-mode spectral submanifolds
Authors: Haller George , Kaszás Bálint , Liu Aihui , Axås Joar
Published: June 2023

A primary spectral submanifold (SSM) is the unique smoothest nonlinear continuation of a nonresonant spectral subspace E of a dynamical system linearized at a fixed point. Passing from the full nonlinear dynamics to the flow on an attracting primary SSM provides a mathematically precise reduction of the full system dynamics to a very low-dimensional, smooth model in polynomial form. A limitation of this model reduction approach has been, however, that the spectral subspace yielding the SSM must be spanned by eigenvectors of the same stability type. A further limitation has been that in some problems, the nonlinear behavior of interest may be far away from the smoothest nonlinear continuation of the invariant subspace E. Here, we remove both of these limitations by constructing a significantly extended class of SSMs that also contains invariant manifolds with mixed internal stability types and of lower smoothness class arising from fractional powers in their parametrization. We show on examples how fractional and mixed-mode SSMs extend the power of data-driven SSM reduction to transitions in shear flows, dynamic buckling of beams, and periodically forced nonlinear oscillatory systems. More generally, our results reveal the general function library that should be used beyond integer-powered polynomials in fitting nonlinear reduced-order models to data.
Entanglement coupled cluster theory: Exact spin-adaptation
Authors: Folkestad Sarai Dery , Sannes Bendik Støa , Koch Henrik
Published: June 2023

We present a novel framework for spin-adapted coupled cluster theory. The approach exploits the entanglement of an open-shell molecule with electrons in a non-interacting bath. Together, the molecule and the bath form a closed-shell system, and electron correlation can be included using the standard spin-adapted closed-shell coupled cluster formalism. A projection operator, which enforces conditions on the electrons in the bath, is used to obtain the desired state of the molecule. This entanglement coupled cluster theory is outlined, and proof-of-concept calculations for doublet states are reported. The approach is further extendable to open-shell systems with other values of the total spin.
Structural modulation and spin glassiness upon oxidation in oxygen storage material LnFeMnO4+x for Ln = Y, Lu, and Yb
Authors: Li Tianyu , Liou Sz-Chian , Hong Stephanie J. , Zhang Qiang , Mandujano H. Cein , Rodriguez Efrain E.
Published: June 2023

The mixed valence multiferroic LnFe2+Fe3+O4 (where Ln = Y, Lu, and Yb) can reversibly uptake oxygen into its lattice, which is evidenced by a crystallographic phase transition along with the appearance of structural modulations. In this study, we show that the Mn-substituted version of this multiferroic can also be readily oxidized to LnFe3+Mn3+O4.5 revealing similar oxygen storage behavior. Through neutron, electron, and synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies, we observe a structural modulation that we attribute to a displacement wave in the fully oxidized compound. This wave exhibits commensurability with a wavevector q = (−2/7, 1/7, 0). Bond valence summation analysis of plausible interstitial oxygen positions suggests that oxygen insertion likely occurs at the middle of the Fe/Mn–O bipyramid layers. The structural modulation of LnFeMnO4.5 is two-dimensional, propagates along the ab-plane, and is highly symmetric as 12 identical modulation vectors are observed in the diffraction patterns. The nature of the lanthanide, Ln3+, does not seem to influence such modulations since we observe identical satellite reflections for all three samples of Ln = Y, Lu, and Yb. Both LnFeMnO4 and LnFeMnO4.5 display spin glassy behavior with 2D short-range magnetic ordering being observed in LnFeMnO4. Analysis of the neutron diffraction data reveals a correlation length of ∼10 nm. Upon oxidation to LnFeMnO4.5, the short-range magnetic order is significantly suppressed.
Synthesis of Co9S8@CNT hydrogen production composites by one-step pyrolysis of monomolecule precursor
Authors: Ge Xianghong , Zhang Xinwen , Ding Xingxing , Shen Ruofan , Liu Yanyan , Wu Xianli , Liang Erjun
Published: June 2023

Co9S8 is a highly promising electrochemically active material for energy devices; its rational design and manufacture for further enhancing the electrochemical activity and durability are still challenging. Herein, Co9S8@CNT compounds are synthesized by one-step pyrolysis, which self-assembled the monomolecular precursor and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNTs effectively improve the electrical conductivity of the materials and availability of the catalytically active sites, which means that the electrochemical ability of Co9S8@CNT is better than that of individual Co9S8 and CNTs. The onset potential of Co9S8@CNT is 132 mV, which has greatly decreased. At the mass current density of 10 mA mg−1, the overpotential is 337 mV, and the Tafel slope is 49.8 mV dec−1. The addition of CNTs makes up for the deficiency of low electrical conductivity of the CoSx. Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the composite improves its electrocatalytically active surface area, and the electrocatalytic ability has been improved efficiently, owing to the increased number of catalytic sites on the surface.
Asymmetrically aligned focused acoustic waves for enhancing sensing performance of electrochemical microarrays
Authors: Zheng Tengfei , Liu Yue , Fu Yongqing , Wang Chaohui
Published: June 2023

Microelectrode-based electrochemical detection methods have been extensively applied in microfluidic sensors, but there are significant challenges for achieving fast and efficient contact between analytes and the microarray electrodes and, thus, enhancing the sensing performance. In this paper, we develop a technique using asymmetrically aligned focused surface acoustic waves (FSAWs) to enhance sensitivity of microarray electrodes detection. Effects of various focusing angles of the FSAW devices on the values and distributions of acoustic wave amplitudes were analyzed using finite element simulations, and torques, which determine the acoustic streaming velocity, were calculated as a function of values and distributions of amplitude. Based on simulation results, the FSAW device with a focusing angle of 30° was used to investigate sensitivity of microarray electrochemical sensors. The maximum value of instantaneous current was increased up to 11 times, researching a current value of 4.3 μA with the applied FSAWs. This developed electrochemical sensing platform shows great potentials for highly sensitive food quality control and biochemical detections.
Characterization of nonequilibrium shock interaction in CO2-N2 flows over double-wedges with respect to Mach number and geometry
Authors: Garbacz C. , Morgado F. , Fossati M.
Published: June 2023

The characterization of the shock interaction mechanism originating from the high-Mach nonequilibrium flow over double-wedge geometries is key to the design of hypersonic vehicles. The impact of changes in the freestream Mach number and double-wedge geometry on the patterns of shock interaction is investigated by means of numerical simulation in the case of CO2-N2 flows. The extended laminar Navier–Stokes equations with a two-temperature model to account for translational-to-vibrational internal energy transfer are considered the physical model of this type of flow. Simulations show that reducing the freestream Mach number leads to an increase in the separation region, both in the compression corner and in the locations of shock impingement. The impact of the size of the separation region on the patterns of interaction is such that it causes variations in the type of shock interaction. From the point of view of the flow physics near the wedges, decreasing the freestream Mach number has an equivalent effect to increasing the angle of the second wedge and an opposite effect to increasing the freestream temperature on the pattern of interaction. Results show that decreasing the freestream Mach number leads to an overall reduction in pressure and heating loads along the surface of the wedges and smaller regions of thermal equilibrium behind the bow shock.