bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Реинтеграција Како Императив: Децата Повратници На Западен Балкан
Authors: Shtuni Adrian
Published: February 2021

Од 2012 година 1.070 државјани на земјите од Западен Балкан заминале да живеат и да се борат на териториите контролирани од терористичките организации во Сирија и во Ирак. Од нив, во времето на заминување 200 лица биле малолетни. Со текот на годините, уште голем број деца биле родени во арената на сирискиот и на ирачкиот конфликт од родители државјани на земји од Западен Балкан. Од крајот на 2019 година околу 485 лица се вратиле дома, со што Западен Балкан станал регион со најголема концентрација на повратници од Сирија и од Ирак во Европа. Уште неколку стотици лица, главно малолетници, остануваат во стапица во несигурните услови во Сирија, со неизвесни изгледи за враќање. Голем број земји се справуваат со ситуацијата во која не знаат што да прават со државјаните што отишле да живеат и да се борат во таканаречената Исламска држава (ИД) „калифат.“ Меѓутоа, искуството и разбирањето на она што го олеснува ефикасното ангажирање кај повратниците од Сирија, особено кај децата повратници од Сирија, е во ранитe фази. Оваа Студија за политиките дава препораки за начините за пристап до рехабилитацијата и реинтеграцијата (РР) на деца повратници на Западен Балкан, комбинирајќи ги новите добри практики со водечките принципи на конвенциите, договорите и на протоколите фокусирани на правата на децата.
Nadir Bir Olgu Olarak Diffüz Kutanöz Nörofibromun Görüntüleme Bulguları
Authors: BELGE BERBEROĞLU Cansu , ERDİM Çağrı , TOPCU Adem , TURKAY Rüştü , İKİZCELİ Türkan
Published: February 2021

Diffüz kutanöz nörofibromlar, çocuklarda ve genç erişkinlerde görülen nadir bir nörofibroma varyantıdır. Bu lezyonlar kutanöz-subkutanöz yerleşimli olup yüzeysel lezyonlar olarak karşımıza çıkarlar. Derin tutulumu olmayan periferik sinirlerden ortaya çıkarlar veya derin bir pleksiform nörofibromun yüzeysel uzanımını temsil edebilirler. Pleomorfik nörofibrom ile diffüz kutanöz nörofibromu ayırmak önemlidir, çünkü diffüz kutanöz nörofibromlar, pleomorfik nörofibromların aksine nörofibromatoz tip 1 ile sadece %10 kadarı ilişkilidir ve bu lezyonların malign transformasyonu çok nadirdir. Biz bu olgumuzda nadir bir vaka olarak diffüz kutanöz nörofibrom olgusunu histopatolojik tanısıyla beraber radyolojik bulgularını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
A Review of Differential Attainment in Recruitment in the UK Medical Profession
Authors: Srinivas Jyothi , Panda Akhila , Ferguson Alison , Zaman Saman , Matheiken Shevonne , Bahl Sarthak , RK Umakanth , Hassan Faisal , Patil Veeresh , Chakravorty Indranil
Published: February 2021

Differential attainment is the phenomenon where groups of people, in this case, members of the medical profession, experience differences in their achievement based on factors which are beyond their control. There are multiple contributory factors including gender, age, race, ethnicity, socio-economic and disability. The evidence suggests that medical professionals from Black and minority ethnic backgrounds, women, those with a disability, international medical graduates, those from low socioeconomic status and from geographical low participation (in higher education) areas tend to find barriers in every stage of recruitment to medical schools and later during their careers. There is emerging data over the last 5 years (post-2014) of organisations such as General Medical Council, Medical Schools Council and members of the Academy of Royal Colleges that are striving to offer transparency and annual reports which offer the opportunity for reflection and self-assessment.
 
The British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin has been leading a collaborative initiative with the ‘Alliance for Equality in Healthcare Professions’ to tackle the full range of differential attainment. This collaboration brings multiple stakeholder organisations and grassroots bodies around the table with international experts in reviewing the evidence, the data from focus groups and working to develop tangible, SMART interventions to address these disparities. This review on DA in recruitment is one of six such themes which will constitute the ‘Bridging the Gap’ report due in line with the Silver Jubilee celebrations of BAPIO in September 2021. The report will present evidence-based, consensus on recommendations for action at national, regional and local level and areas for further collaborative research.
INTEREST RATES SENSITIVITY ARBITRAGE – THEORY AND PRACTICAL ASSESMENT FOR FINANCIAL MARKET TRADING
Authors: Stadnik Bohumil
Published: February 2021

Purpose – Nowadays popular algorithmic trading uses many strategies which are algoritmizable and promise profitability. This research assess if it is possible successfully use interest rates sensitivity arbitrage in bond portfolio (also known as convexity arbitrage) in financial praxis. This arbitrage is sparsely described in literature and an assessment about its practical success is missing.
Research methodology – Methodology steps: mathematical definition of given arbitrage; construction of sufficient portfolio; backtesting on USD zero-coupon curves. Portfolio of two bonds is constructed (theoretically and practically) to have the same Macaulay duration and price, but a different convexity at certain YTM point. Therefore, being long the first bond while shorting the second (of higher convexity) would result in a market-directional bet for parallel zero-coupon yield curve shifts.
Findings – To construct practically the portfolio which is sufficient for the convexity arbitrage could be unrealistic on markets with low liquidity; the presumptions necessary to practically succeed are not fulfilled enough to ensure the arbitrage is profitable.
Research limitations – The backtesting is limited to USD market, testing other markets is recommended, but different result is not expected.
Practical implications – The research helps practitioners considering this strategy for its implementation to algorithmic trading.
Originality/Value – New important results for financial practitioners; states that practical and profitable utilization of convexity arbitrage is unrealizable and save costs during implementation of the strategy.
Bird composition of different valley habitats after land-use changes in Northern Honduras
Authors: Hohnwald Stefan
Published: February 2021

The northern coast of Honduras is potentially covered with tropical rainforests, reaching from the Caribbean Sea up to the cloud forests of the Pico Bonito summits. Therefore, it was blessed with the mega-diverse avifauna of the Central American humid neotropics. Although local bird species have been generally well documented, there are hardly any updates on the biodiversity of northern Honduras. Thus, this study contributes to our knowledge of the natural shift of bird life, following up the Cangrejal River with its different slight land use intensification in the region. Standardized bird records along the valley are analyzed, reaching from the beaches of La Ceiba up to the managed rainforests of El Toncontíns in the lower montane rainforests. Nine points were checked over the course of at least 6 days, taking point counts between 16 March and 20 June 2005. A NMDS of the joined nine point-lists elucidates four main groups, namely the beach/city ecosystems, open habitats along the river banks, slightly cleared forests (park landscape), and a mature rainforest. In total, 115 bird species, from 102 genera and 44 families, were found in 2005. As methods are limited, results can represent merely a prodromus of bird composition of neotropical valleys of the Central American isthmus. However, avi-diversity is affected by forest degradation and increasing land-use changes. Since deforestation is still soaring in the region, bird species composition should be monitored, as it will be as dynamic as land use changes in the region.
Polyhandicap : état des lieux de la scolarisation
Authors: Bryon Isabelle
Published: February 2021

Selon la dernière enquête de la Drees (2010), 11 % des enfants polyhandicapés accueillis dans les établissements qui leur sont dédiés (Établissement pour enfants ou adolescents polyhandicapés), bénéficieraient d’une scolarisation dans une unité d’enseignement de leur établissement. Selon une enquête plus récente (2014), la situation a un peu évolué et 21 % des jeunes avec polyhandicap accueillis dans ces établissements bénéficieraient d’une scolarisation dans une unité d’enseignement interne à l’établissement. Cette scolarisation reste donc minoritaire, d’où la résolution prise lors du comité de pilotage national du plan polyhandicap d’élaborer un protocole d’enquête adressé à l’ensemble des établissements médicosociaux agréés pour l’accompagnement des enfants polyhandicapés. L’article présente les résultats les plus significatifs de l’enquête, les données recueillies, l’identification de freins, les bonnes pratiques évoquées et les axes qui se dégagent pour élaborer un cahier des charges spécifique pour les unités d’enseignement scolarisant les enfants en situation de polyhandicap.
The exclusion of learners with PMLD (PIMD) from the policy and practice of inclusive education, in England
Authors: Colley Andrew
Published: February 2021

Le présent article montre que les apprenants présentant des difficultés d’apprentissage profondes et multiples (PMLD) ont été exclus de la politique et de la pratique de l’éducation inclusive au Royaume-Uni et ailleurs, et que les efforts visant à inclure ce groupe unique dans des classes ordinaires ont échoué. Malgré cela, au moins au Royaume-Uni, un large système d’excellentes écoles spécialisées et d’autres services spécialisés permettent en général à ces jeunes gens de vivre une expérience scolaire très positive jusqu’à l’âge de 19 ans environ. Cependant, ce groupe et leurs familles sont ensuite exclus et isolés socialement et ont généralement des vies médiocres. L’article conclut que limiter la question de l’ inclusion aux écoles implique que ce groupe est effectivement passé sous silence dans les contrats sociaux et dans la politique sociale. C’est pourquoi il appelle à une discussion plus vaste et plus nuancée sur l’inclusion, en vue de la repositionner comme question de justice sociale. L’étude contribue de manière théorique et pratique à la poursuite du débat sur l’éducation inclusive et intéressera les enseignants, les parents, les décideurs et les apprenants.
La conscience de soi en tant qu’objet d’observation et d’intervention pédagogique chez l’enfant polyhandicapé
Authors: Dind Juliane
Published: February 2021

Les recherches en psychologie développementale ont démontré que la conscience de soi joue un rôle central dans le développement de l’enfant. Dès les premières semaines de vie, le petit enfant acquiert progressivement et naturellement une forme primaire de conscience de soi. Cette dernière lui permet d’organiser son monde et ses perceptions sensorielles, d’agir et de développer une vie psychique propre. Qu’en est-il chez l’enfant polyhandicapé, dont les déficiences intellectuelles et motrices profondes entravent l’exploration de l’environnement et l’instrumentation du corps ? La première partie de cet article présente un cadre conceptuel sur la conscience de soi primaire et restitue des premiers résultats de recherche qui ont porté sur les manifestations de conscience de soi primaire chez les enfants polyhandicapés. Puis des propositions sur la manière de procéder aux observations de ces manifestations sont faites, illustrées par des tâches issues d’un instrument édifié à cette fin. La dernière partie est consacrée à des pistes d’intervention pour stimuler le développement de la conscience de soi chez l’enfant polyhandicapé.
Interactions entre pairs chez les personnes polyhandicapées
Authors: Nijs Sara
Published: February 2021

Les interactions sociales sont importantes dans la vie de chacun dans la mesure où elles peuvent avoir une influence positive en matière de développement et de qualité de vie. Étant donné que bien souvent les personnes polyhandicapées (en anglais Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities – PIMD ) vivent ou vont à l’école avec leurs pairs polyhandicapés, elles sont amenées à développer des interactions importantes entre elles. Les troubles multiples et profonds dont elles sont affectées de même que les facteurs environnementaux peuvent avoir une incidence sur la fréquence et la nature des interactions entre pairs chez les personnes polyhandicapées dans une situation donnée. Une formation a été mise au point pour aider directement les accompagnants quant à la manière de faciliter ou d’encourager les interactions entre pairs parmi les personnes polyhandicapées en vue d’élargir leur réseau social et de leur permettre de faire l’expérience d’activités communes.
Peer interactions among persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Nijs Sara
Published: February 2021

Les interactions sociales sont importantes dans la vie de chacun dans la mesure où elles peuvent avoir une influence positive en matière de développement et de qualité de vie. Étant donné que bien souvent les personnes polyhandicapées (en anglais Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities – PIMD ) vivent ou vont à l’école avec leurs pairs polyhandicapés, elles sont amenées à développer des interactions importantes entre elles. Les troubles multiples et profonds dont elles sont affectées de même que les facteurs environnementaux peuvent avoir une incidence sur la fréquence et la nature des interactions entre pairs chez les personnes polyhandicapées dans une situation donnée. Une formation a été mise au point pour aider directement les accompagnants quant à la manière de faciliter ou d’encourager les interactions entre pairs parmi les personnes polyhandicapées en vue d’élargir leur réseau social et de leur permettre de faire l’expérience d’activités communes.
Soutenir et ne pas entraver le désir et les possibilités d’apprendre des personnes polyhandicapées : des défis à relever
Authors: Scelles Régine
Published: February 2021

Cet article traite des défis que posent la conception et la mise en œuvre des apprentissages pour les personnes polyhandicapées, de l’évaluation à la création des conditions humaines et environnementales de l’apprentissage. La conception et la mise en œuvre des apprentissages constituent un enjeu complexe, compte tenu des difficultés de communication de ces personnes, et de l’intrication de leurs déficiences sévères. Sans mésestimer les difficultés que cela soulève, l’article ouvre des pistes pour que ces défis soient relevés.
Bienveillance à l’école et prévention des difficultés comportementales : le Soutien au comportement positif (SCP)
Authors: Bissonnette Steve , Bocquillon Marie , St-Georges Normand
Published: February 2021

Les troubles comportementaux et les troubles d’apprentissage forment généralement un couple indissociable. Or, les élèves ayant des troubles du comportement sont ceux dont les probabilités de quitter l’école secondaire sans diplôme sont les plus élevées. Par conséquent, il devient essentiel d’implanter des systèmes d’intervention favorisant la prévention des difficultés de comportement. Lapointe et Freiberg (2006) ont identifié le Positive Behavioural Interventions and Supports (PBIS) comme étant un système efficace pour la prévention de ces difficultés. Nous avons traduit ce système en français, sous le nom le Soutien au comportement positif (SCP), et nous l’avons implanté dans une centaine d’écoles québécoises au cours des dix dernières années. Nous présentons les effets du SCP sur la réduction des comportements d’indiscipline dans deux écoles de la région montréalaise.
Besoins éducatifs particuliers, accès aux savoirs et à la qualification : quelle perception de leur prise en compte personnelle effective par les élèves ?
Authors: Viné Vallin Valérie
Published: February 2021

Sur la base d’un questionnement éthique, cette recherche étudie la prise en compte du handicap dans l’éducation, précisément à travers les éprouvés de jeunes porteurs de handicap cognitif âgés de 10 ans à 18 ans. 27 élèves ont participé à cette étude, conduite à partir de récits biographiques. Ils étaient scolarisés en école dite ordinaire, en Unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire (Ulis) ou en Institut médico-éducatif (IME). L’étude met en évidence que 14 des adolescents interrogés éprouvent un véritable « sentiment de justice » (le fait d’avoir été personnellement pris en compte, et d’avoir été correctement traités), mais que 13 des participants ont éprouvé, ne serait-ce qu’en partie, l’impression d’avoir été traités de façon inéquitable. Ces résultats nous ont permis de préciser et d’infléchir la notion d’équité (ou de « justice ») scolaire sur le fond initial des travaux de Nussbaum (2007, 2011) et Fraser (2011).
Fovéa : un lecteur vidéo accessible pour apprendre ensemble
Authors: Ferrand Heitz Marie-Hélène
Published: February 2021

Cet article présente la ressource numérique Fovéa, portée par Arte et mise à disposition des enseignants à la rentrée 2019 sur le portail Éduthèque, qui propose un ensemble de parcours pédagogiques abordant des thématiques autour de l’ouverture sur le monde et permettant une éducation aux médias. Conçue pour être utilisée en cycle 3 avec tous les élèves d’une classe, quels que soient leurs besoins éducatifs particuliers, elle dispose d’un lecteur vidéo comprenant des paramètres rendant pleinement accessibles les vidéos regardées. Après avoir présenté le contexte de sa conception, le lecteur trouvera une présentation détaillée des caractéristiques de cette ressource. Puis, l’article rapportera les retours positifs des enseignants qui l’ont testée avec leurs élèves avant de conclure sur des pistes possibles d’évolution.
The distributive liberal social contract as definite norm of communicative action: A characterization through the Nash social welfare function
Authors: Mercier-Ythier Jean
Published: February 2021

Le contrat social libéral distributif définit une norme d’action communicative pour l’allocation des ressources rares et la redistribution de la richesse privée. Il se compose d’activités qui mettent en œuvre une allocation des ressources Pareto-efficace unanimement préférée à un statu quo hypothétique. Ce statu quo correspond à l’allocation des ressources que l’on obtiendrait en l’absence des activités du contrat social, dans des conditions idéales de communication parfaite. Nous mettons en évidence un ensemble de conditions suffisantes générales sous lesquelles toute allocation du contrat social maximise, au sein de l’ensemble des allocations réalisables, une fonction de bien-être social de Nash bien choisie. Nous montrons également que la correspondance entre les allocations du contrat social libéral et les fonctions de bien-être social de Nash qui les soutiennent est bijective si, et en général seulement si, les préférences distributives des individus sont cardinales. Dans ce dernier cas, la solution coopérative de Nash étendue à un nombre quelconque d’individus définit une norme d’action communicative unique pour l’allocation des ressources et la distribution de la richesse privée.
Notes on economics imperialism and norms of scientific inquiry
Authors: Mäki Uskali
Published: February 2021

L’impérialisme économique, entendu comme une certaine relation entre disciplines scientifiques, est défendu par certains et rejeté par d’autres. Ces réactions sont toutefois rarement fondées sur des valeurs et des normes de recherche scientifique explicites. Or, lorsque l’on s’efforce de les rendre explicites, ces normes se révèlent plus complexes et plus floues qu’il n’y paraît. Certains considèrent qu’elles font partie intégrante de la définition du concept d’impérialisme économique ; d’autres, dont je fais partie, considèrent qu’elles sont extérieures à ce concept. Dans les deux cas, l’application des normes est sélective et ambiguë. Elles peuvent être mobilisées, selon la sélection et l’interprétation à laquelle on procède, pour soutenir ou pour critiquer l’impérialisme économique. L’article recense différentes normes méthodologiques et sociales de recherche scientifique – par exemple le souhait d’une portée large, l’unification, l’originalité, l’exactitude empirique, l’universalisme, l’humilité épistémique, la réceptivité à la critique, la diversité, la justice épistémique, la disposition à jouer ( playfulness ) – et il montre comment elles peuvent être invoquées dans les controverses. Ces notes critiquent certaines analyses normatives de l’impérialisme économique. Elles résument et développent également ma propre analyse. Elles ne livrent toutefois pas de conclusion définitive.
Neo-Samuelsonian Welfare Economics: From Economic to Normative Agency
Authors: Hédoin Cyril
Published: February 2021

Cet article envisage deux types de fondements possibles pour une « économie du bien-être néo-samuelsonnienne ». On défend l’idée que l’approche néo-samuelsonnienne en économie mène à un problème de réconciliation entre l’économie positive et l’économie normative, en raison du fait que l’agent économique n’est plus nécessairement l’unité normativement pertinente. Deux formes de réconciliation ayant des implications radicalement différentes pour le statut de l’économie normative sont envisagées. La première consiste à adopter une approche normative en termes de « welfarisme formel » prétendant à une complète neutralité quant à l’identité du sujet et l’unité de mesure de l’analyse normative. L’implication principale est de faire de l’économie du bien-être une branche de l’économie positive . Une seconde approche consiste à une donner une importance axiologique particulière aux personnes, non parce qu’elles sont des prototypes d’agents économiques, mais parce qu’elles sont dotées de la capacité de se représenter, auprès des autres et d’elles-mêmes, comme des entités raisonnables au travers de processus de construction narrative. Cette capacité donne une justification à la vision selon laquelle le bien-être est constituée des préférences d’une personne, dans le sens où ces préférences sont fondées sur des raisons et valeurs définissant l’identité personnelle.
The Effect of Preoperative Opioid Education on Opioid Consumption After Outpatient Orthopedic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Ilyas Asif M. , Chapman Talia , Zmistowski Benjamin , Sandrowski Kristin , Graham Jack , Hammoud Sommer
Published: February 2021

Pain management and opioid consumption following outpatient orthopedic surgery may be influenced by several variables, including knowledge of safe opioid use. A prospective randomized study was undertaken to understand the effect of preoperative opioid education on opioid consumption following outpatient orthopedic surgeries. A total of 237 patients undergoing outpatient orthopedic surgeries were prospectively randomized to receive preoperative opioid education or not. Postoperative data collected included the number of pills taken, daily visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, adverse events, and attitude toward the pain experience. A total of 107 patients were randomized to receive preoperative education and 130 to not receive preoperative education. On average, 27 pills were prescribed to each patient. The preoperative opioid education group consumed significantly fewer opioids (6 pills) when compared with the group not receiving education (12 pills) (
P
<.05). The findings were the same with upper and lower extremity surgeries. Overall, the 2 groups of patients had similar daily VAS scores and were satisfied with their postoperative pain experience irrespective of opioid education. Of the total opioid pills prescribed during the study, only 46% were ultimately consumed. Preoperative education significantly reduced the number of prescription opioid pills and total morphine equivalents consumed by patients in the period following outpatient orthopedic surgery, with no negative effects on pain experience. This finding was consistent in both upper and lower extremity surgery. Approximately twice the number of opioids were prescribed than ultimately consumed by patients. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(2):123–127.]
Inventory Control and the Use of Technology in Businesses
Authors: Robles Miguel Angel Gil , Corzo Raul F. Montalvo
Published: February 2021

This research explores the relationship that exists between inventory control and the use of technology. A survey was conducted in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico, covering 466 micro-companies. A logit analysis was used to calculate the probability for the micro-companies to implement formal inventory controls. The study found that using technology in micro-companies fosters formal inventory control. This chapter contributes to other management control studies which claim that technology might foster the use of formal inventory controls. Furthermore, this chapter aims to advise practitioners to adopt technology in their business as a way to facilitate the implementation of formal inventory controls.
Values and Administrative Practices for Generations Associated With Organizational Innovation
Authors: Angel Gustavo Adolfo Gil , Gámez-Gutierrez Jorge , Calvo Robinson Ernesto
Published: February 2021

Generational analysis and studies are a recent research trend that analyzes social, cultural, political, and economic changes within the framework of the digital revolution. In this work, an approach is made to the generational phenomena in the SMEs. The objective is to identify the correlations between entrepreneurship and management operations from the logic of individual values and the practices of SMEs managers and owners in Bogotá, from the Blackman model, according to their correspondence with the generational classification taking into account your date of birth. The sample is 383 entrepreneurs from Bogotá, and it was found that there are significant differences associated with generations in skills and abilities, risk management, honesty, responsibility, and work in the provision of services and facilities.
Contract Lifecycle Management
Authors: Algarni Mohammed Ayedh
Published: February 2021

Contract management depends on document-driven processes that, in a paper-based environment, can be laborious and inefficient. The time it takes to approve a contract can be as significant as the content preparation of the contract. Slow, manual contract processing reflects negatively on an organization's ability to provide excellent service. The contract lifecycle is defined differently from an organization to organization or even form department to another. The number of contracts and the associated documents are ramping up in this era of digital transformation. An automated, digital contract lifecycle management (CLM) can reduce the administrative burden on employees and allows legal, financial, sales, and other professionals to make better use of their expertise. This chapter shows how automation can change the organizations' behaviors to view contracts as opportunities for operational improvement and competitive advantage. It shows also how CLM can be integrated with business intelligence (BI) and data analytics systems to provide contract insights and dashboards.
Artificial Intelligence Effects on Contracts and Contracting
Authors: Baothman Fatmah
Published: February 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) will continue to disrupt everything in the future; in the authors' view, AI needs a couple of years for perfect implementation. We need to minimize future AI negative impacts by passing suitable risk avoidance mechanisms for reaching global human satisfaction. Artificial intelligence has a critical role in converting the unstructured documents into structured enterprise data. Through implementing AI in contractual management, enterprises can get assistance in assessing risks and opportunities of businesses. The mission will be to develop and implement an AI strategy for the organization by selecting the best AI techniques and methodology for advancing legal documents' manipulation to assist managers in implementing and generating contracts and contracting analysis.
Transformation of Human Resources Management Solutions as a Strategic Tool for GIG Workers Contracting
Authors: Elayan Malek B.
Published: February 2021

Recently, organizations are becoming more intelligent, flexible, and efficient by using new digital technologies in human resources management (HRM). The HRM solutions are considered as an important source to support strategic decisions, create value within and across organizations for employees and management. Today, organizations are facing challenges for gig workers to retain the level of progression and development required for business continuity. Gigs are generally self-employed who are very hard to manage without having a solid e-HRMS that can fulfill their needs in addition to the permeate employee needs as well. The main objective of this chapter is to highlight digital transformation in HRM and dive into the e-HRM concept, development stages, types, and strategies. In addition, it shows how e-HRM contributes to increase the effectiveness of human resources. It will also discuss multiple dimensions about the gig work management (GWM) including the contracting methodologies, policies, and behaviors that the e-HRM need to consider for the gig workers.
Enhancing the Contracting Touch Points Through Innovation
Authors: Elkhereiji Solaiman A.
Published: February 2021

The subject of this chapter revolves around how Industry 4.0 is changing our way of life. The way we communicate, travel, socialize, learn, relax, or do business changed significantly. As a major architecture and design offices, Industry 4.0 technologies are adding new layers to our business every day. This affects the design of offices, houses, communities, and cities. The relation with contractors, customers, and all stakeholders have changed creating new interfaces, channels, and touch points. Terms such as “collective intelligence” or “crowdsourcing” come into the picture with development in the mobile technology, collaboration tools, and Industry 4.0 ecosystem. It is interesting to see how this advanced means are facilitating new mindsets in design architects and construction industry. Customer expectations are being elevated as well. This is adding a lot of touch points with suppliers and consumers, and that is why a new innovative contracts and contracting is required.
Libraries in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Holland Barbara Jane
Published: February 2021

The South China Morning Post reported China's first confirmed COVID-19 case may be traced as early as November 17, 2019. On December 8, 2019, Wuhan, China had its first patient with symptoms similar to coronavirus. The disease was believed to have emerged in the Huanan seafood market. By December 15, the total number of infections stood at 27—the first double-digit daily rise was reported on December 17—and by December 20, the total number of confirmed cases had reached 60. December 31, 2019, China informs the World Health Organization (WHO) about a cluster of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The virus is still not understood. March 11, 2020, the WHO assesses that COVID-19 can be officially described as a pandemic due to the rapid increase in the number of cases outside China. As coronavirus cases began to skyrocket, libraries had to function in unique situations. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an in-depth review of libraries and case studies amid the COVID 19 pandemic.
The IHS Library and Its Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Browne Nigel
Published: February 2021

There are two points of departure for this chapter. At one level, the chapter explores how the Institute for Housing and Urban Development (IHS) library responded by adjusting the services it provides to its immediate constituency, together the with Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) University Library, with a rapid shift to e-books. At another level, the IHS library has also responded to the COVID-19 situation, by providing information to a much wider audience, targeting particularly Africa, Asia, and Latin America by collating information on the social, economic, and environmental impact of COVID-19 in the urban areas of emerging economies. The majority of the institute's participants come from such countries, where a lack of resources increases these countries' vulnerability to the onslaught of the pandemic. The IHS library's contribution the institute's COVID-19 Resource Hub (see https://www.ihs.nl/en/resources/covid-19-resource-hub) is briefly described in the second part of the chapter.
COVID-19
Authors: Dar Amir Ahmad , Qadir Shahid , Afzal Shahbaz
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new virus and spread all over the world. It is a transferrable virus from human to human, and there is currently no vaccine to prevent COVID-19. The government is trying to prevent healthy ones from infected peoples that process is known as quarantine. During COVID19, people who travel from one states to other states are quarantined by the government of India at home or other places like hospitals, hotels, hostels, schools, etc. for a maximum of 14 days for the public safety. In this study, the authors discuss the differences between the home and other place quarantine in Kashmir. Also, they provide a solid conclusion about which one is better, home or outside the home for quarantine. The parameters that are used in this study are hygienic good, cleanness, mentally fit, sharing room, entertainment, medical care, and sleep. The paired t-test was used to check whether there is any significant difference between the parameters at home and outside quarantine, and the Shapiro-Wilk test at (α=0.05) was used to check the normality assumption.
Organizing for Innovation in the Armed Forces
Authors: Água Pedro B. , Correia Anacleto
Published: February 2021

Innovation is one of the main factors in driving any organization's effectiveness and sustainable competitiveness. Lack of innovation may affect organizations in several different ways, from lost opportunities for being more efficient, improve processes, and sometimes decrease of staff morale, with negative impact on development of organizational knowledge as well as values and culture. Innovation can also provide new forms of doing things, fuelling internal processes, either operational, logistical, or administrative ones. Highly innovative organizations usually make jobs more fulfilling, and ultimately contribute in making the world a better place. Therefore, driving innovation is crucial, and that needs an appropriate framework in order to promote the desirable involvement from the whole organization. By following a logical thinking process, one ends up at a pragmatic and more deployable model backed by cause and effect logics.
Security and Privacy Aspects Using Quantum Internet
Authors: Mistry Nilay R. , Dholakiya Ankit Y. , Prajapati Jay P.
Published: February 2021

Quantum internet is an innovative approach to secure communication. Quantum internet is the next revolution in technology that enables the devices to perform operations that are beyond the classical internet. Quantum internet with quantum cryptography is one of the best solutions for secure data communication. Quantum internet uses the fundamental laws of quantum physics, which make it secure against sophisticated network attacks. In this research, the authors described quantum cryptography, which enhances the secure transmission over quantum internet using cryptographic protocols. These protocols use random bits transformations, which prevent attackers to make out the patterns of random bits transformations. Also, they introduced the conceptual OSI model for quantum internet, which makes it easy to understand the working of the quantum internet at different layers. Quantum internet can be implemented in intelligence network, satellite communication, critical infrastructure, etc. This can mark a significant change in secure communication.
Quantum Security for IoT to Secure Healthcare Applications and Their Data
Authors: Kumar Binod , Prasad Sheetal B. , Pal Parashu Ram , Pathak Pankaj
Published: February 2021

Quantum computation has the ability to revolutionize the treatment of patients. Quantum computing can help to detect diseases by identifying and forecasting malfunctions. But there's a threat associated here (i.e., healthcare data among the most popular cybercriminal targets, IoT devices notoriously lacking in effective safeguards, and quantum computers on the brink of an encryption/decryption breakthrough). Health agencies need a security prognosis and treatment plan as soon as possible. Healthcare companies recently worry more about the quantum security threats. The biggest threat of healthcare data breaches has come in the form of identity theft. There should be a strong mechanism to combat the security gaps in existing healthcare industry. If the healthcare data are available on the network, an attacker may try to modify, intercept, or even view this data stream. With the use of quantum security, the quantum state of these photons changes alert the security pros that someone is trying to breach the link.
Challenges and Issues of IoT Application in Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Systems
Authors: N. Kapilan , P. Vidhya
Published: February 2021

The internet of things (IoT) is a system consisting of computing, mechanical, and electronic devices, which are having ability to transfer data in network without human interaction. The sensors used in IoT collect and transfer the data to the cloud, which is further processed using software to perform an action. The IoT is one of the fastest growing industries, and in recent years, it is most widely used in HVAC systems in residential and commercial applications to reduce the energy consumption as building consumes by approximately 40% of total energy. The IoT reduces the energy consumption of the building by optimizing the process variables of HVAC system components, increases life of system components, enhances the comfort of the occupants, and provides remote control of the system. However, there are challenges in data security and privacy, and also there is a lack of IoT platforms specifically oriented towards the proper processing, management, and analysis of such large and diverse data.
Green Energy in Data Centers Using Internet of Things
Authors: Ponnusamy Vasaki , Sharma Bobby , Ming Lee Gan
Published: February 2021

Green energy infrastructure with the internet technologies relies on five important domains: green machine to machine (M2M), green cloud computing (CC), green data center (DC), green ICT, and green cellular. The ever-increasing demand for cloud computing and heavy dependence on cloud for storage, processing, and applications results in the need for more data centers with high capacity. Power management using wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be a potential solution as there has been a lot of works suing WSN for power management for green buildings, green home, and green farming. The same design can be applied to data centers with modifications to cater for data centers. Since WSN is part of IoT, various IoT-related solutions can be proposed for green data center solutions. A hybrid model that consists of virtualization, cooling systems, and IoT shows energy efficient data center designs. There have been various efforts as such, and this research will present green energy designs and mainly IoT-related initiatives for green-aware data centers.
Green Energy Harvesting and Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol in Internet of Underwater Things
Authors: Majid Muhammad Imran , Mahfooz Osama , Ahmed Wajahat
Published: February 2021

The ability to sustain communication between nodes as per Industry 4.0 standard within the waterways is still not mature enough. It is prudent to make use of natural resources that are abundantly found in the form of strong wind (wind energy) and underwater tidal waves generation (tidal energy). Climate change and environmental sustainability are now becoming more important for a sustainable smart world. This is discussed in detail along with the decentralized mode of crop management. In this chapter, it is shown that energy efficiency can lead to the selection of different system models for the internet of underwater things (IoUT) where systems are sustainable and can tap previously unexplored resources. This resource is useful as a reference to further explore IoUT and green energy harvesting techniques.
Self-Healing and Green Energy in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Ponnusamy Vasaki , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Zi Xuan Beh
Published: February 2021

Green energy can be classified into many domains such as green aware applications, green aware protocols, green energy harvesting, and many more. The main focus of this chapter is to analyze green energy in terms of energy aware routing protocols and mainly focusing on wireless sensor networks. So, in this domain, greening the routing protocols with energy efficient algorithms is investigated. Energy efficient routing algorithms can be designed by having self-healing concepts whereby routing algorithms can heal themselves when a routing hole is found or nodes can heal themselves when energy depletion occurs. Having that concept in mind, this chapter investigates both the green energy protocols and the self-healing protocols in the literature.
Women Empowerment Employing ICT In Pakistan
Authors: Qamar Farkhanda , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Hamid Bushra , Humayun Mamoona
Published: February 2021

In the modern world, digital revolt has changed our way of life. Information and communication technology (ICT) is a diverse set of technological tools and resources for creating, disseminating, storing, adding value, and managing information. ICT can be a powerful catalyst for expanding women's political and social rights. Through technological capacity building, the women shall prove to be a great asset for the economic engine of the country as well. The role of women is emerging in the socio-economic, political, and physical space; therefore, their empowerment will contribute to sustainability and capacity building, which will contribute to sustainability and catastrophe risk reduction in the long run. In developing countries, especially in rural areas, women with information and communication technologies can improve their ability to cope with different situations. This study investigates the role of ICT in women empowerment, challenges of ICT use for women empowerment, the impact of women on society after ICT, and issues of ICT for women.
Institutional Investors' Representativeness and Earnings Management
Authors: Fera Pietro , Moscariello Nicola , Pizzo Michele , Ricciardi Giorgio
Published: February 2021

In contexts characterized by high ownership concentration, institutional investors may lose their monitoring role and might not be effective in constraining earnings management. So, this study investigates whether directors appointed by institutional shareholders are more effective in inhibiting earnings management for companies with a high ownership concentration, rather than the mere presence of institutional investors. Based on a sample of Italian listed companies, findings suggest a negative relationship between minority directors appointed by institutional shareholders and abnormal accruals, while no relationship is found between the latter and the mere presence of institutional investors. Moreover, results also highlight that the difference between strategic and no strategic institutional investors does not count in a context characterized by high ownership concentration. Overall, this study suggests that institutional investors, regardless of their characteristics, are more effective in constraining earnings management when they can count on an agent on the board of directors.
Investigating the Relationship of Corporate Cash Holdings, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance in Malaysia
Authors: Ehtiat Karrahemi Kiarash , Abdul Rasid Siti Zaleha , Basiruddin Rohaida , Md Husin Maizaitulaidawati
Published: February 2021

Current practice shows that firms throughout the world are in favor of high cash holdings; yet, they are still performing well. This situation contradicts the agency and free cash flow theories, which suggest that excessive cash may increase agency costs and lower firm performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance, cash holdings, and firm performance. Five thousand four hundred twenty observations were conducted, and a balanced panel data analysis was performed. The results indicate that corporate governance has a significant impact on cash holdings, corporate governance has a significant impact on firm performance, and cash holding has a significant impact on a firm's performance. The findings of this study do not show any evidence to support the agency and free cash flow theories among non-financial Malaysian firms listed on Bursa Malaysia. Thus, this study contributes to the finance and accounting literature by gaining a better understanding of firm performance indicators in Malaysia, specifically.
Executive Women and Firm Economic Value
Authors: Lisboa Inês , Teodósio João
Published: February 2021

This study analyses the relationship between gender diversity on the board of directors' executive roles and the firm economic value. Based on a sample of Portuguese non-financial listed firms, between 2010 and 2018, results show that executive female contribute to decrease the firm economic value-added, and CEO gender diversity to decrease market value added, while no impact is found to traditional performance measures. Since the presence of women on the board of Portuguese firms is still scarce, female presence is not seen as relevant to add value to firms. These results are pioneer since previous studies found no impact of female presence on boards on value added measures. Moreover, findings show the relevance of value-added measures to analyze performance and singularities compared to profitability measures.
Chatbot for Online Customer Service
Authors: Ho Ree Chan
Published: February 2021

Chatbot has become popular in recent years due to the advancements in artificial intelligence and other underlying technologies. Likewise, increased internet interactivity and smarter mobile devices have specifically attracted more consumers to pursue superior and personalized customer service. The aim of this chapter was therefore to better understand the use of chatbots by online businesses to shed light on its effect on customer service satisfaction. The commitment trust theory served as the underlying theoretical foundation for the conceptual framework of this study. It explored the relationships among trust, commitment, service quality, and technology towards the use of chatbots. Subsequently, customer engagement gained has influenced the knowledge sharing and the referral to other customers. This chapter presented an integrative framework for predicting the use of chatbots to enhance customer bonding with firms. The main contribution was the list of antecedents needed to improve customer engagement in the implementation of chatbots.
Exploratory Investigation Into Globalization and Linkages Among ICTs and Usages Within SMEs Environments in Cambodia
Authors: Teo Teck Choon
Published: February 2021

This study examines the association between firm globalization; the embracing of ICT, more specifically the ICT tools; and the firm's performance. Globalization has a tremendous effect on people which leads them to a greater use of ICTs to enable users to navigate and communicate spontaneously to fulfill self-gratification. From the firm's perspective, globalization has differential effects on B2B and B2C e-commerce, though such global firms are more likely to do B2B but less likely to do B2C. The findings imply that ICTs espousal will augment international competitive advantages but not leveling the playing field for firms to compete with global firms in international markets.