bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why they left home again: Understanding repeat migration to the United States
Authors: Narayan Anjana , Ocampo Anthony
Published: September 2018

While sociologists of immigration have examined the mechanisms of both circulatory and return migration, there has been relatively little discussion of repeat migration. Repeat migration refers to a small, but significant segment of immigrants who made the decision to permanently migrate back to the adopted country, after attempts to resettle back in the home society failed. Drawing on in-depth interviews with highly skilled Indian repeat migrants in the United States, we attempt to fill this gap. Although these migrants possessed the economic, legal and cultural capacity to reintegrate back to their home society, our findings revealed that the value of these forms of capital was diminished upon going back home. In chronicling their labour market, cultural and emotional challenges, we also demonstrate the limits of transnational and return migration frameworks for explaining the phenomena of repeat migration.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sin I Lin , Zhang Juan
Published: September 2018

Race, Education and Citizenship: Mobile Malaysians, British Colonial Legacies and a Culture of Migration, Sin Yee Koh (2017) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 293 pp., ISBN: 9781137503435, h/bk, £99.99

Marriage Migration in Asia: Emerging Minorities at the Frontiers of Nation-States, Sari K. Ishii (ed.) (2016) Singapore: NUS Press, 216 pp., ISBN: 9789814722100, p/bk, SGD 38.00
Un artista inmoral perseguido por la Inquisición en Zaragoza: El proceso contra el escultor José Martínez (1647)
Authors: Carretero Calvo Rebeca
Published: September 2018

El escultor navarro José Martínez, discípulo de Martínez Montañés en Sevilla y colaborador de Manuel Pereira en Madrid, fue perseguido por la Inquisición por blasfemia en la capital hispánica, por bigamia en Tudela y por simular ser familiar del Santo Oficio en Zaragoza. El proceso incoado en 1647 en la ciudad aragonesa, aquí estudiado, ofrece información relevante acerca de la cotidianeidad de los artistas de Zaragoza a mediados del siglo XVII, así como otros datos hasta el momento ignorados.
Aproximaciones al concepto de acontecimiento en la imagen-movimiento
Authors: Artero Flores Javier
Published: September 2018

El presente análisis propone una flexibilización del concepto de acontecimiento en la imagen-movimiento que posibilite una correcta aproximación a la vídeo instalación NEVER ODD OR EVEN. Una maniobra de posicionamiento (2016). Para ello se analizan una serie de obras audiovisuales, pictóricas, cinematográficas así como videojuegos que escapan a los planteamientos tradicionales de la narratología. De este modo se ofrecen tres posibles acepciones del acontecimiento en la obra de vídeo instalación: una primera referente al plano espacial de la obra, una segunda basada en el concepto aristotélico de verosimilitud y una tercera relacionada con la dimensión temporal o duración bergsoniana de la imagen-movimiento. En definitiva, se pretende generar un marco teórico flexible en el que tenga cabida el análisis narrativo de obras videográficas que, por situarse en los márgenes del medio, a menudo escapan a la categorización en el plano de la propiedad terminológica.
Polimeroetan oinarritutako fabrikazio gehigarria eta 3D inprimaketa: etorkizuneko teknologia gaur egungo gizartean
Authors: Mendes Cristian , Artetxe Beñat , Ruiz-Rubio Leire , Vilas Jose Luis
Published: September 2018

Fabrikazio gehigarriak, metodo tradizionalekin alderatuta, abantaila ugari ditu, hala nola diseinu askatasuna, pertsonalizazioa, egitura konplexuak fabrikatzeko gaitasuna edota prototipoen sorrera azkarra. 3D inprimaketa teknologietan material ezberdin ugari erabiltzen badira ere, polimeroak dira gailentzen direnak, haien aldakortasuna, kostu baxua eta propietate fisiko-kimikoak direla eta. Horrela, artikulu honek polimeroetan oinarritutako fabrikazio gehigarrirako metodoak eta horietan erabiltzen diren polimero nagusiak laburbiltzen ditu, baita zenbait arlotan dituzten erabilera-esparruak ere: biomedikuntzan, elektronikan eta ingeniaritza aeroespazialean.
OS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E A FORMAÇÃO POLÍTICA DE MULHERES NA LUTA POR CRECHES: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO “ARTCRECHE” EM SÃO GONÇALO
Authors: Tavares Maria Tereza Goudard
Published: September 2018

O artigo objetiva inventariar e atualizar a luta de Movimentos Sociais urbanos, em especial do Movimento de Articulação das Creches de São Gonçalo (ArtCreche), que desde 1980 vem construindo uma pauta coletiva de demandas e lutas junto ao poder público e à sociedade civil em São Gonçalo. Do ponto de vista teórico-conceitual, enfocamos a luta do ArtCreche a partir do diálogo com autores/as que fazem alusão à eclosão dos movimentos populares na década de 1980, bem como ao seu refluxo no período de pós-democratização brasileira, e que remetem ao contexto de mudanças frente aos paradigmas clássicos e contemporâneos de participação popular. No artigo investigamos, a luta de mulheres pelo direito à creche a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho participante, priorizando uma análise do poder local em diálogo com o conceito de hegemonia popular.
Plant spacing and phosphate fertilization on costus
Authors: Da Luz Petterson Baptista , De Paiva Sobrinho Severino , Tavares Armando Reis
Published: September 2018

The Cheilocostus speciosus is a species with ornamental potential, but the lack of scientific and technical information for fertilization and management of cut flowers production, turns essential to research in this area on floriculture. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of C. speciosus fertilized with different levels of phosphate and plant spacing. Four treatments were used in a factorial scheme, with two plant spacing (1.20 x 0.80 m and 1.20 x 1.60 m) and two levels of phosphate fertilization (35 and 70 g per plant). The variables analyzed were number of vegetative stems, clump height, number of inflorescences, inflorescence diameter, inflorescence height and stem with inflorescence height. The interaction plant spacing and P doses for height of stem with inflorescence showed that the 1.20 x 0.8 m spacing presented the best results independently of the P dose applied and for clump height treatment the spacing 1.20 x 0.80 m and 35 g P showed the best results. Phosphorus fertilization had no effect on C. speciosus flower production for all other variables analyzed, and the spacing 1.2 x 0.8 m is recommended for C. speciosus flower production.
Kloning Gen Transcriptional Activator Protein dan Replication-Associated Protein dari Squash leaf curl China virus Penyebab Penyakit Daun Kuning pada Tanaman Mentimun
Authors: Adnyani Ni Nengah Putri , Wiratama I Dewa Made Putra , Temaja I Gede Rai Maya , Nurulita Sari , Suastika Gede
Published: September 2018

Yellow disease on Cucurbitaceae caused by Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV; Begomovirus) is an important disease in many countries. Typical yellow leaf curl symptoms was found on cucumber in Tabanan, Bali. The objective of this research is to clone Transcriptional Activator Protein (TrAp) and Replication-Associated Protein (Rep) of SLCCNV Indonesian isolate. Universal primer for Begomovirus, i.e. SPG1/SPG2 was used to amplify DNA fragment of Begomovirus which cover the TrAp and Rep gene. The amplicon of ± 912 bp in size was then cloned into pTZ57R/T plasmid vector by TA-cloning method to obtain plasmid recombinant pTZ-SLCCNV. The plasmid recombinant was successfully confirmed by PCR colony and DNA sequencing. The nucleotide sequences analysis of plasmid recombinant showed highest homology (98%) of the corresponding gene to pumpkin isolate of SLCCNV from Malaysia.
Metabolit Bakteri Endofit Asal Tanaman Kacang Tanah sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Zahara Nela , Soekarno Bonny Poernomo Wahyu , Munif Abdul
Published: September 2018

eanut (Arachis hypogeae) is considered as important crop in Indonesia and domestic demands to peanut tend to increase recently. Infection of fungal seedborne, Aspergillus flavus, may downgrade peanut seed quality. Research was conducted to evaluate the application of secondary metabolite produced by endophytic bacteria for controlling A. flavus. The methodologies involved isolation A. flavus and endophytic bacteria from the plant tissue of peanut, hypersensitive test of endophytic bacteria, inhibition test of endophytic bacteria against A. flavus, extraction and examination of secondary metabolite from endophytic bacteria, seed treatment using extracted secondary metabolite, and molecular identification of the bacteria. Based on hypersensitive test, 37 isolates of endophytic bacteria were identified as non pathogenic. Further screening by dual culture test found 3 isolates with high inhibition activity, i.e. BE2B2-1 (71.64%), BE2B2-2 (69.05%), and BE2B2-5 (62.25%). Molecular identification based on nucleotide sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that BE2B2-1, BE2B2-2, and BE2B2-5 were Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., and Acinetobacter sp., respectively. Metabolite from Enterobacter sp. has the highest antimicrobial activity (61.70%) against A. flavus in in vitro test, highest infection inhibition (77.22%) in growing-on test, and highest increasing of seed germination rate (4.25%). This finding indicated the potential of secondary metabolites from endophyte bacteria to suppress infestation of A. flavus.
Lesevorschläge zu Griechischen Ostraka
Authors: Reiter Fabian
Published: September 2018

The article contains new readings or interpretations to a few documentary Greek ostraca with different provenances.
A Late Antique Loan of Money on Mortgage
Authors: Koroli Aikaterini
Published: September 2018

The article presents an edition of a Greek papyrus belonging to the Austrian National Library. Its recto contains a long fragment of a money loan upon mortgage, which was drawn up in the capital of the Herakleopolite nome, and is one of the rare instances where the borrowers are a married couple. One of its main points of interest is the sum of the borrowed money, which amounts to thirty-six golden solidi. The verso preserves the remains of at least two unspecified texts.
Zu einer Innerdemotischen Parallele für die Übertragene Verwendung von Mèdr „Ohr = Henkel“ In P.Berlin 6848, 1/21
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: September 2018

In this contribution, a new approach to interpreting the semantic shift of the word mÈDr from „ear‟ to „handle“ in P.Berlin 6848 1/21 is undertaken. The main focus is on a comparison in Medinet Habu Ostrrakon 4038 A (14-17) which shows the same development in the word „on.t‟ „claw“.
Asymptotic estimates on the von Neumann inequality for homogeneous polynomials
Authors: Galicer Daniel , Muro Santiago , Sevilla-Peris Pablo
Published: September 2018

By the von Neumann inequality
for homogeneous polynomials there exists a positive constant

C

k
,
q

C_{k,q}

(n) such that for every k-homogeneous polynomial p in n variables and every
n-tuple of commuting operators (

T
1

T_{1}

,…,

T
n

T_{n}

) with

∑

i
=
1

n

∥

T
i

∥

q

≤
1

{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\|T_{i}\|^{q}\leq 1}

we have

∥

p
⁢

(

T
1

,
…
,

T
n

)

∥

ℒ
⁢

(
ℋ
)

≤

C

k
,
q

⁢

(
n
)

⁢

sup
⁡

{

|

p
⁢

(

z
1

,
…
,

z
n

)

|

:

∑

i
=
1

n

|

z
i

|

q

≤
1

}

.

\|p(T_{1},\ldots,T_{n})\|_{\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H})}\leq C_{k,q}(n)\sup\Biggl{%
\{}|p(z_{1},\ldots,z_{n})|:\sum_{i=1}^{n}|z_{i}|^{q}\leq 1\Biggr{\}}.

For fixed k and q, we study the asymptotic growth of the smallest constant

C

k
,
q

C_{k,q}

(n) as n (the number of variables/operators) tends to infinity.
For q =

∞

\infty

, we obtain the correct asymptotic behavior of this constant (answering a question posed by
Dixon in the 1970s). For 2

≤

\leq

q

<

<

∞

\infty

we improve some lower bounds given by Mantero and Tonge, and
prove the asymptotic behavior up to a logarithmic factor. To achieve this we provide estimates of the norm of
homogeneous unimodular Steiner polynomials, i.e. polynomials such that the multi-indices corresponding to the nonzero
coefficients form partial Steiner systems.
Error-bounded and Number-bounded Approximate Spatial Query for Interactive Visualization
Authors: Qiu Agen , Zhang Zhiran , Qian Xinlin , He Wangjun
Published: September 2018

In the big data era, an enormous amount of spatial and spatiotemporal data are generated every day. However, spatial query result sets that satisfy a query condition are very large, sometimes over hundreds or thousands of terabytes. Interactive visualization of big geospatial data calls for continuous query requests, and large query results prevent visual efficiency. Furthermore, traditional methods based on random sampling or line simplification are not suitable for spatial data visualization with bounded errors and bound vertex numbers. In this paper, we propose a vertex sampling method—the Balanced Douglas Peucker (B-DP) algorithm—to build hierarchical structures, where the order and weights of vertices are preserved in binary trees. Then, we develop query processing algorithms with bounded errors and bounded numbers, where the vertices are retrieved by binary trees’ breadth-first-searching (BFS) with a maximum-error-first (MEF) queue. Finally, we conduct an experimental study with OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to determine the effectiveness of our query method in interactive visualization. The results show that the proposed approach can markedly reduce the query results’ size and maintain high accuracy, and its performance is robust against the data volume.
The Significance of Megalithic Monuments in the Process of Place Identity Creation and in Tourism Development
Authors: Krzemińska Alicja Edyta , Dzikowska Anna , Zaręba Anna Danuta , Jarosz Katarzyna Rozalia , Widawski Krzysztof , Łach Janusz Stanisław
Published: September 2018

All over the world and for thousands of years, megaliths have been significant cultural elements, as well as sacred sites and places of power. Nowadays megaliths act as a strong magnet for tourists, who appreciate their history, esoterica and magic. Some megaliths were used for astronomical observations, so vital to maintain the continuity of harvest and crop. Other megalithic constructions were erected for funerary purposes, and served as individual or collective burial chambers. Megalithic structures are usually referred to as belonging to the European Neolithic but it has to be stressed that some megalithic constructions date back to the Bronze Age, and some were also built on other continents. Megaliths are a vital element of landscape and for historical reasons they are a sui generis monument, commemorating prehistorical cultures. At the same time, along with the remaining elements of the natural and cultural environment, they create a unique image of place identity, attracting large numbers of tourists. Interestingly, despite the strong attraction exercised by megaliths, there are still many places where tourism does not develop as rapidly as might be assumed. For the above-mentioned reasons, a comparative analysis of several megalithic sites has been conducted in Poland, Sweden, Portugal and Denmark. The following elements have been analysed: the megaliths immediate surroundings, the existing and planned or under-construction tourist and communication infrastructure, as well as architectural and spatial technical solutions and development. Also the key negative and positive elements have been defined which influence the tourist potential of the places in question, and constitute the tourism attractiveness factors of a region.
A sharp boundedness result for restricted maximal operators of Vilenkin–Fourier series on martingale Hardy spaces
Authors: Blahota István , Nagy Karoly , Persson Lars-Erik , Tephnadze George
Published: September 2018

The restricted maximal operators of partial sums with respect to bounded Vilenkin systems are investigated. We derive the maximal subspace of positive numbers, for which this operator is bounded from the Hardy space

H
p

{H_{p}}

to the Lebesgue space

L
p

{L_{p}}

for all

0
<
p
≤
1

{0<p\leq 1}

. We also prove that the result is sharp in a particular sense.
Estimations of GNSS receiver internal delay using precise point positioning algorithm
Authors: Pothikunkupatarak Natchapan , Thongtan Thayathip , Satirapod Chalermchon
Published: September 2018

Random and systematic errors affect navigation satellite observations on both pseudo-range and carrier phase. These errors are originated at satellites, propagation path and receivers. This study focuses on the GNSS receiver internal delay determination resulting from the receiver’s electronics circuit. The characterisation of the delay in the GNSS geodetic receivers is essential to enhance the accuracy for the time transfer and time comparisons as part of GNSS integrity chain determinations. The purpose of GNSS receiver internal delay at the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT, is to estimate the characteristics and performances of the GNSS geodetic receiver used for international time comparisons. The experiments are simultaneously observed GNSS satellites by a GPS and a GNSS receivers and two separate antennas with short baseline (around 6 metres), where both receivers are connected to the identical external caesium frequency standard maintained as time and frequency standard of Thailand. The GPS receiver is well-defined for its receiver internal delay on the pseudo-range observation of C1, through comparisons using an internationally recognised method, while the geodetic GNSS receiver is to be defined on its receiver internal delay. These experiment observations started from 26 December 2017 to 17 January 2018 at NIMT, Pathumthani, Thailand. The determined unknowns are receiver position, receiver clock offset, tropospheric delay through the geodetic technique of static Precise Point Positioning observations with Bernese GNSS software version 5.2. Later the receiver internal delay of NIMT is computed and analysed. The receiver internal delay on GPS C1 code is successfully characterised, resulted as 346.0 nanoseconds as of this experiment.
Multi-prover proof of retrievability
Authors: Paterson Maura B. , Stinson Douglas R. , Upadhyay Jalaj
Published: September 2018

There has been considerable recent interest in “cloud storage” wherein a user asks a server to store a large file. One issue is whether the user can verify that the server is actually storing the file, and typically a challenge-response protocol is employed to convince the user that the file is indeed being stored correctly. The security of these schemes is phrased in terms of an extractor which will recover the file given any “proving algorithm” that has a sufficiently high success probability. This forms the basis of proof-of-retrievability (PoR) systems.
In this paper, we study multiple server PoR systems. We formalize security definitions for two possible scenarios:
(i) A threshold of servers succeeds with high enough probability (worst case), and (ii) the average of the success probability of all the servers is above a threshold (average case).
We also motivate the study of confidentiality of the outsourced message. We give MPoR schemes which are secure under both these security definitions and provide reasonable confidentiality guarantees even when there is no restriction on the computational power of the servers. We also show how classical statistical techniques previously used by us can be extended to evaluate whether the responses of the provers are accurate enough to permit successful extraction.
We also look at one specific instantiation of our construction when instantiated with the unconditionally secure version of the Shacham–Waters scheme.
This scheme gives reasonable security and privacy guarantee. We show that, in the multi-server setting with computationally unbounded provers, one can overcome the limitation that the verifier needs to store as much secret information as the provers.
DAGS: Key encapsulation using dyadic GS codes
Authors: Banegas Gustavo , Barreto Paulo S. L. M. , Boidje Brice Odilon , Cayrel Pierre-Louis , Dione Gilbert Ndollane , Gaj Kris , Gueye Cheikh Thiécoumba , Haeussler Richard , Klamti Jean Belo , N’diaye Ousmane , Nguyen Duc Tri , Persichetti Edoardo , Ricardini Jefferson E.
Published: September 2018

Code-based cryptography is one of the main areas of interest for NIST’s Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization call. In this paper, we introduce DAGS, a Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) based on quasi-dyadic generalized Srivastava codes. The scheme is proved to be IND-CCA secure in both random oracle model and quantum random oracle model. We believe that DAGS will offer competitive performance, especially when compared with other existing code-based schemes, and represent a valid candidate for post-quantum standardization.
Analysis of a constructive matheuristic for the traveling umpire problem
Authors: Chandrasekharan Reshma Chirayil , Toffolo Túlio A.M. , Wauters Tony
Published: September 2018

The Traveling Umpire Problem (TUP) is a combinatorial optimization problem concerning the assignment of umpires to the games of a fixed double round-robin tournament. The TUP draws inspiration from the real world multi-objective Major League Baseball (MLB) umpire scheduling problem, but is, however, restricted to the single objective of minimizing total travel distance of the umpires. Several hard constraints are employed to enforce fairness when assigning umpires, making it a challenging optimization problem. The present work concerns a constructive matheuristic approach which focuses primarily on large benchmark instances. A decomposition-based approach is employed which sequentially solves Integer Programming (IP) formulations of the subproblems to arrive at a feasible solution for the entire problem. This constructive matheuristic efficiently generates feasible solutions and improves the best known solutions of large benchmark instances of 26, 28, 30 and 32 teams well within the benchmark time limit. In addition, the algorithm is capable of producing feasible solutions for various small and medium benchmark instances competitive with those produced by other heuristic algorithms. The paper also details experiments conducted to evaluate various algorithmic design parameters such as subproblem size, overlap and objective functions.
State maps on semihoops
Authors: Fu Yu Long , Xin Xiao Long , Wang Jun Tao
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we introduce the notion of state maps from a semihoop H
1 to another semihoop H
2, which is a generalization of internal states (or state operators) on a semihoop H. Also we give a type of special state maps from a semihoop H
1 to H
1, which is called internal state maps (or IS-maps). Then we give some examples and basic properties of (internal) state maps on semihoops. Moreover, we discuss the relations between state maps and internal states on other algebras. Then we introduce several kinds of filters by state maps on semihoops, called SM-filters, state filters and dual state filters, respectively, and discuss the relations among them. Furthermore we introduce and study the notion of prime SM-filters on semihoops. Finally, using SM-filter, we characterize two kinds of state semihoops.
Effect of magnetic field on imbibition phenomenon in fluid flow through fractured porous media with different porous material
Authors: Gohil V. P. , Meher Ramakanta
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the counter-current Imbibition phenomenon is considered in a fractured heterogeneous porous medium with the consideration of different porous materials like fine sand, volcanic sand and glass beads and magnetic field effect. The Homotopy analysis method is used here to derive an expression for finding the saturation profiles in a fractured heterogeneous porous medium with and without considering the magnetic field effect. Simulation results are developed for the saturation profiles to study the effect of inclination and the viscosity variation of native fluids on the saturation rate and the recovery rate of the reservoir with some interesting choices of parameters.
Finger, Text, and Moon: Dennis Hirota and Iwasaki Tsuneo
Authors: Bermant Gordon
Published: September 2018

Dennis Hirota is a modern master of Shin Buddhism who for several decades has explicated the role of natural language in fostering Buddhist awakening. At the core of his oeuvre is the claim that Shin Buddhism’s founder, Shinran Shonin (1173-1263), accepted the earlier Mahayana teaching of nondual awareness as a necessary condition for awakening. Shinran’s unique contribution was to insist that ordinary persons were, as a matter of historical circumstance, incapable of the disciplines required to arrive at non-dual awareness. It was just this circumstance that the historical Buddha foresaw when he taught the Larger Pure Land Sutra, in which the mind of the Buddha Amida, perfect wisdom and compassion, became available to ordinary people who call his Name in joyful sincerity. This is a difficult teaching of “non-practice” that embraces many subtleties. As a heuristic to ease the way into Shinran as Hirota presents him, this paper introduces a painting by the modern Japanese scientist and artist, Iwasaki Tsuneo. This is not a “Shin painting,” but certainly a “Mahayana painting” that connects the aspiration of an ordinary person to ultimate truth through the text of the Heart Sutra, arguably the quintessential Buddhist teaching of non-dual awareness.
Perceived Healthiness of Breakfasts in Women with Overweight or Obesity Match Expert Recommendations
Authors: Laguna-Camacho Antonio , García-Manjarrez Eva , Frayn Mallory , Knäuper Bärbel , Domínguez-García Ma V. , Escalante-Izeta Ericka I.
Published: September 2018

The aim of the present study was to examine the perceived healthiness of breakfasts and the underlying beliefs influencing that perception against expert nutritional evaluation. Women with overweight or obesity (N = 120) were asked to recall the food items they consumed during a recent “healthy” or “unhealthy” breakfast. They also reported why the breakfast was healthy or unhealthy and rated its healthiness. Two nutritionists categorised the beliefs about why the breakfasts were “healthy” or “unhealthy” and evaluated the healthiness of each breakfast following nutrition guidelines. Generally, the meals considered as healthy versus unhealthy breakfasts and related beliefs about why the breakfasts were healthy or unhealthy matched food-based nutrition guidelines. Participants were found to perceive healthy breakfasts as more healthy and unhealthy breakfasts as less healthy than nutritionists did. Participants frequently mentioned the belief that their breakfast was healthy because “it contained fruit” or that their breakfast was unhealthy because “it contained fat.” Such salient healthy or unhealthy food items may guide the perception of breakfast healthiness and could be a target for nutrition counselling.
Experimental Study of Competing Failure of Reinforced Concrete Based on the Weibull Distribution
Authors: Feng Qiong , Qiao Hongxia , Wang Penghui , Zhu Binrong , Ndahirwa Desire
Published: September 2018

To predict the failure lifetime of reinforced concrete, a current accelerating corrosion test was performed on concrete by simulating the environment in an area with saline soil. To study the concrete’s process of deterioration under these conditions, this study selected the corrosion current density of the steel bars and the ultrasonic velocity of the concrete as the main factors in accelerated corrosion degradation. Then, by using the Weibull distribution function to model the degradation process, the study obtained the reliability function of the accelerated failure. The results showed that the corrosion current density of the steel bars and the ultrasonic velocity of concrete can be used as degradation factors of reinforced concrete, but the corrosion current density is more stable, which is propitious for modeling. Further, the Weibull distribution function can describe the durability degradation process of reinforced concrete effectively. Because of the high content of corrosive ions in saline soil, the reinforced concrete cover fails first.
The Global Stability Performance and Design Method of the Mono-Overhanging Steel Beam
Authors: Li Kun , Sun Kaichang
Published: September 2018

This article presents a research and design method for the global stability of the mono-overhang steel beam, which is very different from other kinds of beams. First, the total potential energy equation of the mono-overhanging beam is deduced by energy method. Then, the critical bending moment formula of the global stability is deduced based on its boundary conditions. Second, by introducing the equivalent calculated length coefficient, the critical bending moment equation is transformed into the form that is the same as that of a simply supported beam subjected to the uniform moment. This transformation can make stable design more convenient. At last, the impact factors of the calculated length coefficient of the global stability are determined. Furthermore, the formulas of the equivalent calculated length coefficients are proposed, which reflect the comprehensive interrelation between the equivalent calculated length coefficient and its impact factors. These formulas are continuous functions so that the calculation results are more precise and practical than before because in the previous method, the calculated length coefficient is taken as a piecewise constant value, which has led to a large error in the past.
Introduction
Authors: Chapman Dale
Published: September 2018

The Jazz Bubble proceeds from the idea that there is a story to be told about the relationship between jazz, culture, and contemporary financial capitalism. I argue that jazz may provide us with an unexpected avenue of approach as we seek to understand the cultural dynamics of neoliberal ideologies and institutions, in an era in which the volatility of the financial markets has come to inform the texture of everyday life. As a window onto the complex issues I aim to tackle here, I would like to begin here with a case study that in my view shows us, rather than telling us, why this line of inquiry is an important one....
“Controlled Freedom”
Authors: Chapman Dale
Published: September 2018

Chapter 1 approaches managerial theory as an entry point for examining the relationship between jazz and risk. If management theorists have looked to jazz practice as an analogy for risk-taking, jazz affords us with a powerful window onto a more complex narrative of risk in American life. This chapter develops a distinction between risk and uncertainty crafted by economic theorist Frank Knight, where uncertainty implies a conception of risk in which the parameters of risk are impossible to quantify. Chapter 1 culminates with an examination of postbop, as it was realized by the 1960s Miles Davis Quintet and subsequent artists: the embrace of “controlled freedom” by the Davis Quintet brought an unprecedented level of virtuosity to bear upon improvisatory risk-taking.
The Girl Effect as Apparatus
Authors: Moeller Kathryn
Published: September 2018

Chapter 1 theorizes the Girl Effect as a global apparatus of power. Employing this conceptualization, the book moves beyond studying discrete institutions, their policies, and intended effects on social practice to consider how the Girl Effect is constituted through a set of power/knowledge practices focused on girls as an object of development. To understand this, the chapter introduces the multi-scalar research design focused on Nike Inc. and the Nike Foundation’s transnational relationships with three types of development institutions, including the World Bank in Washington, DC, the Clinton Global Initiative in New York City, and two international NGOs in Brazil. It reflects on the ethnographer’s role in and of the apparatus, and it considers the ways in which access in the different research nodes of the apparatus was always negotiated, tenuous, and never uniform.
Negotiating Corporatized Development
Authors: Moeller Kathryn
Published: September 2018

Chapter 6 examines the power relations underlying NGOs’ uneven negotiations of the Girl Effect. For insight into the nature of these dynamics, this chapter considers the conditions that enabled one NGO to theorize and act beyond the terms of the Nike Foundation’s power/knowledge/capital regime while another NGO was constrained by them. It focuses on the material and nonmaterial resources the NGOs mobilized, including expertise and authority, education and training, and administrative and financial independence, as well as time and space, and it examines the boundaries of possibility that resulted from a curricular, pedagogical, and relational perspective.
“Uncle Sam Has a Long Arm”
Authors: Loyd Jenna M. , Mountz Alison
Published: September 2018

Chapter 4 examines how migrant detention became one part of the vast carceral landscape in Florence and Eloy, Arizona. Neither proximity to the border nor privatization adequately explains the patchwork of carceral facilities in this central Arizona locale. Rather, the landscape of migrant detention builds on multiple histories of confinement, including WWII prisoner of war camps and Florence’s status as Arizona’s prison town, thereby setting the stage to examine the growing interconnections between migrant detention and the burgeoning prison system. The chapter further explores the legal histories of expulsion that form the basis for the development of “criminal alien” legislation, bolstering rationales for detention construction.
Coda
Authors: Loyd Jenna M. , Mountz Alison
Published: September 2018

The coda reflects on contemporary migration crises in order to consider how nearly four decades of commitment to deterrence and criminalization have led to a robust policing and detention infrastructure that harms already vulnerable groups of people and resists oversight and reform. Over two million people were deported during President Obama’s time in office. As a result, hundreds of thousands were separated from their families, and most struggled to repay debts from migration and make a living in economies that have undergone privatization and deregulation. This final essay reflects on the recurrence of crises during the Obama administration by examining the arrivals of Central American youth and the new round of crises presented in the opening months of the Donald Trump administration. The coda concludes with a discussion of contemporary enforcement efforts in the Caribbean, noting that history continues with Haitians as a seemingly permanent exception.
Introduction
Authors: Lopez-Aguado Patrick
Published: September 2018

This chapter establishes the context for the research explored throughout the book and introduces the “carceral social order” as a concept for understanding the identities and relationships that are socialized by the punitive facility through the sorting and segregation of its charges. In focusing on the prison as a socializing force, I propose that what happens inside the institution has consequences outside it as well. Specifically, I argue that we can recognize the racial sorting of prison inmates in California as a process that has had clear and visible implications for the state’s criminalized communities of color. I contextualize this analysis within existing literature on mass incarceration, the geographic concentration of imprisonment, collateral consequences, and secondary prisonization. This chapter also introduces the research sites that are examined in this work, explains the means used for data collection, and contains an outline of the rest of the book.
Carceral Affiliation and Identity Construction
Authors: Lopez-Aguado Patrick
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses how the parolees and probation youth learn to understand the identities that are created and instilled in the segregated facility. Probation youth and parolees see their own racial and neighborhood identities—rearticulated in this context as carceral affiliations—as valuable resources for protecting themselves inside punitive facilities. But while these affiliations are often framed as criminal gangs by authority figures, I argue that developing a critical analysis of the carceral system’s socializing power requires acknowledging how participants distinguish the differences between affiliations and gang identities. As participants are socialized to identify with carceral affiliations, this process shapes how they learn to understand their own racial, gang, and gender identities, as these are each molded to help one fit within the social order of the punitive institution.
“The Home Team” at the Intersection of Prison and Neighborhood
Authors: Lopez-Aguado Patrick
Published: September 2018

This chapter looks at how carceral affiliations come to connect the prison and high-incarceration neighborhoods. For incarcerated residents, affiliations serve as important ties to home and as sources of support in unpredictable settings. When these community members return home with little formal or material reentry support, many hold on to these identities—both because they may supply the only help that parolees do find and because these residents can never be certain that they will not be locked up again. At the same time, local youth learn about these affiliations from previously or currently imprisoned friends, relatives, and neighbors, informing how they imagine they will need to survive their own potential experiences with incarceration. This not only proliferates carceral affiliations in local spaces but also contributes to an understanding of poor black and Latina/o neighborhoods as pathological that many young residents internalize.
Conclusion
Authors: Lopez-Aguado Patrick
Published: September 2018

This chapter outlines the implications of the book and makes recommendations for future research and policy considerations. I argue that relying on identifying and separating gang members not only fails to prevent violence in carceral institutions but also has serious consequences for those who are processed through these facilities. Namely, this practice positions individuals into rivalries between criminalized affiliations—exposing them to confrontation and violence and ultimately ascribing them with criminal labels that keep them cycling through the justice system. This chapter also explores alternative models, discussing instances both in this research and in previous studies in which criminal justice facilities desegregated their institutions. Finally, I argue that establishing a more just and effective criminal justice system requires reducing the emphasis institutions place on identifying and controlling gang membership.
Of Children, Objects, and Seeing
Authors: Elias Jamal J.
Published: September 2018

This chapter outlines the aims of the book and introduces its methodology. It explores the notion of childhood as a construct used by adults for emotional, social, and legal purposes. It provides an overview of influential theories concerning childhood, distinguishing between biological and social models of development, and highlighting that the majority of such studies have been carried out in the Global North. It introduces the concept of the aesthetic social imagination as the basis for understanding the social functions of visual and material objects, and in the process, it explores the nature of visuality and the agency of objects. Finally, it provides a brief overview of the use of visual images in literature for children in Islamic societies.
Good Muslims Do Their Homework
Authors: Elias Jamal J.
Published: September 2018

This chapter continues the discussion of childhood undertaken in the previous chapter. Child rights are explored within the framework of universal human rights and the more confined limits of documents on rights ratified by Muslim-majority countries, such as the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam and the Declaration on the Rights and Care of the Child in Islam. It provides an overview of childhood in Islamic history, beginning with references to childhood in the Qur’an and continuing to a survey of classical and medieval Islamic medical and religious literature addressing the juvenile phases of human life. The education of children in the thought of classical Muslim thinkers, especially Ghazali, emphasizes the moral purpose of education and locates play and exercise within that frame. The chapter continues to discuss childhood in the modern Muslim thought, highlighting rites of passage, the gendering of children, and the role of education and literature in engendering the concept of modern childhood in the Western and Islamic worlds, using Egypt as a principal example of the growth of modern education in Islamic society.
Cuteness and Childhood in Turkey
Authors: Elias Jamal J.
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on childhood and its representation in Turkey, locating the subject within a broader theoretical discussion of the representation of childhood and of the history of modern Turkish society. Cuteness is explored as an important emotional and affective category, and the role of commodity cuteness in consumer culture is also explored. Drawing on the substantial literature on cuteness in Japan, the chapter explores how adults deploy cuteness as an aspirational category and a strategy for dealing with moral ambiguity, anxiety, and discomfort, especially as it relates to sacrifice. It explores these strategies through visual representations in Turkish religious books for children, locating them within the broader history of religious education and publishing in the country.
Toy Guns and the Real Dead in Iran
Authors: Elias Jamal J.
Published: September 2018

This chapter follows the pattern of the previous two: it begins with a brief history of education and religion in modern Iran in order to situate the discussion of representations of childhood in the society. It brings together poster arts and children’s books that are each the focus of the two previous chapters, and adds other visual materials, especially postage stamps. In the case of Iran, the focus is on materials produced by official and parastatal entities as part of a conscious policy of opinion molding and propaganda. Visual materials commemorating the Iranian Revolution, the Iran-Iraq War, and the Basij volunteer soldiers serve as subjects to advanced theories presented in the previous chapters. In particular, this chapter moves forward the discussion of gender and sacrifice, demonstrating how male and female opportunities for offering the gift of sacrifice occur in different forms and at different ages.
The Military’s Cinema Complex
Authors: Grieveson Lee , Wasson Haidee
Published: September 2018

This chapter, by Lee Grieveson and Haidee Wasson, establishes a framework for studying the American military, a singularly powerful institution, and its relationship to cinema. It first lays out a brief history of the American military and its rise to prominence and power, and then situates the enduring use of cinema across the broad remit of the armed forces alongside previous work in this area. Special attention is paid to the economic and industrial developments that have been intertwined with the military historically. This chapter also summarizes the breadth of the military’s use of cinema, ranging from propaganda to training and from war funding to munitions testing. Knowledge about the military’s use of film helps us to understand more about the history of film and its technologies and also the various ways cinema has been implicated in the complex geopolitical dynamics of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
War in Peace
Authors: Rice Tom
Published: September 2018

The American Legion emerged in March 1919, in the immediate aftermath of world war, a point at which the focus of conservative discourse and government policy shifted from overseas campaigns to domestic threats, from military to political targets. This chapter, by Tom Rice, examines the myriad ways in which the hugely influential American Legion used film at this critical juncture, extending military activities and imperatives into the postwar nation. Whether appropriating wartime government films; becoming an influential and respected voice on film reform; or—after the establishment of a designated film service in 1921—producing, distributing, and exhibiting movies, the American Legion used film to mold American citizens and to visualize, project, and shape the postwar nation. The American Legion’s initial uses of film reveal an industry—and a nation—challenged and torn apart by anxieties about immigration and foreign threats and by a wider battle over American national identity.
“A Treacherous Tightrope”
Authors: Lovejoy Alice
Published: September 2018

This chapter, by Alice Lovejoy, chronicles the United States Office of War Information’s plans to distribute forty Hollywood feature films in liberated Europe under the auspices of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force’s Psychological Warfare Division (PWD-SHAEF). From the comparative perspectives of OWI and the Allied countries for which the films were destined (Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Czechoslovakia, its central case study), it examines the economic, ideological, and pragmatic questions that intersected in these films’ selection and distribution, focusing on the tensions caused by OWI’s close relationship with the American film industry. The chapter argues that the case study of these forty films highlights Europe’s fraught political, cultural, and diplomatic relationship with American cinema on the cusp of the Cold War, as well as the complex logics underpinning film distribution in this period.
Downtown Development and the Endeavors of Filmmaker Kent Mackenzie
Authors: Glick Joshua
Published: September 2018

At the same time that Wolper was building his studio and staffing it with the producers Mel Stuart, Alan Landsburg, and Jack Haley Jr., film school graduates were looking for employment in the city. This chapter focuses on Kent Mackenzie, who, like other talented, university-trained filmmakers, worked for Wolper Productions, the USIA, and film firms that catered to the educational and business sectors. These jobs offered a rewarding alternative to studio fiction but also entailed ideological and formal constraints. During this period, Mackenzie drew on the resources of his day jobs, along with the pro bono efforts of his colleagues, to make The Exiles (1961). Examining the major thrust of Mackenzie’s career reveals the professional challenges and opportunities for young filmmakers interested in making socially engaged documentary.
The Disappearance of Melampous in Bacchylides’ Ode 11
Authors: Foster Margaret
Published: September 2018

Chapter 4 reads Bacchylides’s Ode 11 as a specific example of the ideological suppression of the seer in colonial discourse. In his rendition of the myth of the Proitids, Bacchylides deliberately omits the seer Melampous and, at the same time, casts Proitos’s arrival in Tiryns as a foundation, with Proitos himself as its oikist. The chapter concludes with a connection between this strategy within the ode and its tantalizing historical context. The ode appears to be part of the family of the victor’s larger effort to resist a virtual refoundation of their city by a seer-like figure.
Amphiaraos, Alkmaion, and Delphi’s Oracular Monopoly
Authors: Foster Margaret
Published: September 2018

Chapter 6 demystifies Delphi’s oracular monopoly in colonial discourse. An investigation of the myth of Alkmaion, found in sources such as Thucydides, Diodorus Siculus, and Ps.-Apollodorus, discloses Delphi’s active production of colonial founders and its simultaneous suppression of the individual seer within foundation discourses. In contrast, Pindar’s Pythian 8 promotes the relationship between Amphiaraos and his son and, uniquely among our extant sources, asserts Alkmaion’s own powers of prophecy. What both the dominant mythic tradition of Alkmaion and Pythian 8 share, however, is conceiving of the seer and oikist as mutually exclusive.