bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Ethanol on Ferrous Oxalate Particle Size and Properties: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Tang Feilong , Zhao Zhongqian , Ren Kun , Wu Jian , Chen Xiumin , Xu Peilin , Sun Hongfei , Liu Qi , Yi Yunhu , Chen Qiyou
Published: April 2024

Surfactants containing hydroxyl functional groups have a significant influence on the morphology of ferrous oxalate dihydrate. However, few studies have provided a theoretical explanation for this effect. In this investigation, the size of ferrous oxalate dihydrate was reduced from micron to nanometer scale using anhydrous ethanol, and its mechanism was elucidated through density functional theory calculations. The calculational results reveal that anhydrous ethanol molecules bound to the ferrous oxalate dihydrate crystal via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, thereby controlling crystal growth. It means that anhydrous ethanol molecules preferentially affected the interlayer interaction in the structure of ferrous oxalate dihydrate, leading to a significant impact on its overall crystal growth way. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of ferrous oxalate dihydrate synthesized in aqueous and anhydrous ethanol systems were compared and tested. The specific capacitance (242 F ⋅ g−1 at 0.5 A ⋅ g−1 current density) of ferrous oxalate dihydrate synthesized in anhydrous ethanol system is obvious higher than that of ferrous oxalate dihydrate synthesized in water system (186 F ⋅ g−1), due to its smaller particle size (75 nm). Furthermore, the specific capacitance of this material can be improved to 469 F ⋅ g−1 during composite process of ferrous oxalate dihydrate with graphene oxide.
Nitrate Uptake from Water Using Amine‐Functionalized Meso‐ and Macroporous Carbons
Authors: Namesawa Momoko , Hamada Nagi , Shimoda Shuhei , Suzuki Keita , Fukuoka Atsushi , Takada Tomoya
Published: April 2024

Meso‐ and macroporous carbon materials modified with protonated amino groups (−NH3+Cl−) for aqueous nitrate (NO3−) uptake were prepared by surface functionalization with aminopropylsilane. Although the silane coupling treatment decreased the specific surface area of the carbons, surface modification with the −NH3+Cl− group improved the NO3− uptake capacity of both meso‐ and macroporous carbons. The amount of NO3− adsorbed depends on the specific surface area of the adsorbent; an adsorbent with a larger specific surface area exhibits a larger uptake capacity. Enhanced NO3− adsorption onto the NH3+Cl−‐modified surface occurred through an ion‐exchange mechanism. Changes in the pH of the sample solutions before and after NO3− uptake revealed the competitive exchange of NO3− and OH−. NO3− uptake is inhibited by the coexistence of anions other than NO3− (excess Cl−, SO42−, CO32− and HCO3−) and/or OH− at high pH. In particular, the influence of excess Cl− reveals that NO3− uptake through ion exchange is not irreversible, and the adsorption capacity is determined based on the ion exchange equilibrium.
The role of alexithymia in suicide ideation among Taiwanese army military personnel: A serial mediation model investigating the effects of perceived stress and depression
Authors: Hong Yu‐Chia , Chen Sy‐Jou , Chang Yue‐Cune , Chang Chun‐Wei , Chiang Hui‐Hsun
Published: April 2024

Maintaining the good mental health of Taiwanese military personnel is crucial, especially in light of incidents such as the Taiwan Strait crisis. Suicide is a leading cause of death among military personnel and alexithymia is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation. However, the mechanisms linking alexithymia and suicidal ideation in this psychologically burdened population remain poorly understood. In total, 863 voluntary army military personnel from Taiwanese reserve brigades and combined‐arms brigades were enroled between May 2020 and February 2021. Structured questionnaires about alexithymia, perceived stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and background characteristics were used. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the serial mediation roles of perceived stress and depression in the relationship between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Significant positive correlations were observed between alexithymia, perceived stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in bivariate analyses. Serial mediation analyses revealed that alexithymia significantly predicted higher levels of perceived stress, subsequently leading to depressive symptoms, which were associated with suicidal ideation. Depression served as a significant mediator between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. The strongest mediating effect (71.4%) was observed in the pathway from alexithymia through perceived stress and depression to suicidal ideation. Limitations included the utilization of cross‐sectional data and a reliance on retrospective self‐report measures. Perceived stress and depression were identified as serial mediators in the association between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Clinically, it is crucial to prioritise interventions that target emotional regulation skills and assess the presence of alexithymia to effectively reduce suicidal ideation in military personnel.
Pipeline hiring's effects on the human capital and performance of new recruits
Authors: Brymer Rhett , Paraskevas John‐Patrick , Josefy Matthew , Ellram Lisa
Published: April 2024

Research Summary

Pipeline hiring, repeatedly hiring individuals from the same external source organization, is a common recruiting practice. Yet, whether this pipeline approach improves incoming human capital quality or performance has limited empirical evidence. We argue that, in cooperative source‐hiring organization contexts, pipelines reduce the information asymmetries present in labor markets in a way that both attracts individuals with higher pre‐entry human capital and predicts postentry performance that surpasses pre‐entry expectations. In the context of particularly intense recruiting competition—American college football—we test and find support for these hypotheses. We also probe key boundary conditions, specifically discontinuity, geographic proximity, and factor market competition that highlight the limits of when the informational advantage is more or less salient.

Managerial Summary

Organizations often recruit through pipelines ‐ repeatedly hiring new workers from the same sources, such as universities or supply partners. Despite how common pipeline hiring is, we have little evidence to suggest if this practice helps hire more capable workers. Using rich data from American college football, we find that players who are successfully recruited through a pipeline tend to be rated as higher potential before joining their college team and perform better, holding their potential constant, in their collegiate career than players who joined from a standalone source. We argue that these benefits come from information flows between recruiting organizations, alumni, and prospective workers. When conditions make these information flows less exclusive, more interrupted, or redundant, we find evidence that the typical pipeline recruiting benefits diminish.
A High Efficiency, Low Resistance Antibacterial Filter Formed by Dopamine‐Mediated In Situ Deposition of Silver onto Glass Fibers
Authors: Sun Zhaoxia , Kong Ying , Lan Liang , Meng Yingchao , You Tianle , Pauer Robin , Wang Hao , Zhang Yizhou , Tang Min , deMello Andrew , Liang Yun , Hu Jian , Wang Jing
Published: April 2024

The coating of filter media with silver is typically achieved by chemical deposition and aerosol processes. Whilst useful, such approaches struggle to provide uniform coating and are prone to blockage. To address these issues, an in situ method for coating glass fibers is presented via the dopamine‐mediated electroless metallization method, yielding filters with low air resistance and excellent antibacterial performance. It is found that the filtration efficiency of the filters is between 94 and 97% and much higher than that of silver‐coated filters produced using conventional dipping methods (85%). Additionally, measured pressure drops ranged between 100 and 150 Pa, which are lower than those associated with dipped filters (171.1 Pa). Survival rates of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria exposed to the filters decreased to 0 and 15.7%±1.49, respectively after 2 h, with no bacteria surviving after 6 h. In contrast, survival rates of E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria on the uncoated filters are 92.5% and 89.5% after 6 h. Taken together, these results confirm that the in situ deposition of silver onto fiber surfaces effectively reduces pore clogging, yielding low air resistance filters that can be applied for microbial filtration and inhibition in a range of environments.
Sandwich‐Structured Mxene/Waste Polyurethane Foam Composites For Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference, Infrared Shielding and Joule Heating
Authors: Wang Qunhao , Zhang Jian , Zhou Zehang , Zhao Jiangqi , Yi Ya , Feng Shiyi , Sui Zengyan , Zhang Wei , Lu Canhui
Published: April 2024

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) stealth materials have attracted increasing attention owing to the rapid development of modern communication and military surveillance technologies. However, to realize excellent EMI shielding and IR stealth performance simultaneously remains a great challenge. Herein, a facile strategy is demonstrated to prepare high‐efficiency EMI shielding and IR stealth materials of sandwich‐structured MXene‐based thin foam composites (M‐W‐M) via filtration and hot‐pressing. In this composite, the conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofiber (MXene/CNF) film serves as the outer layer, which reflects electromagnetic waves and reduces the IR emissivity. Meanwhile, the middle layer is composed of a porous waste polyurethane foam (WPUF), which not only improves thermal insulation capacity but also extends electromagnetic wave propagation paths. Owing to the unique sandwich structure of “film‐foam‐film”, the M‐W‐M composite exhibits a high EMI shielding effectiveness of 83.37 dB, and in the meantime extremely low emissivity (22.17%) in the wavelength range of 7–14 µm and thermal conductivity (0.19 W m−1 K−1), giving rise to impressive IR stealth performance at various surrounding temperatures. Remarkably, the M‐W‐M composite also shows excellent Joule heating properties, capable of maintaining the IR stealth function during Joule heating.
Synthesis and Characterization of MOF‐Derived Structures: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Payam Amir Farokh , Khalil Sameh , Chakrabarti Supriya
Published: April 2024

Due to their facile tunability, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are employed as precursors and templates to construct advanced functional materials with unique and desired chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. By tuning MOF precursor composition and manipulating conversion processes, various MOF‐derived materials commonly known as MOF derivatives can be constructed. The possibility of controlled and predictable properties makes MOF derivatives a preferred choice for numerous advanced technological applications. The innovative synthetic designs besides the plethora of interdisciplinary characterization approaches applicable to MOF derivatives provide the opportunity to perform a myriad of experiments to explore the performance and offer key insight to develop the next generation of advanced materials. Though there are many published works of literature describing various synthesis and characterization techniques of MOF derivatives, it is still not clear how the synthesis mechanism works and what are the best techniques to characterize these materials to probe their properties accurately. In this review, the recent development in synthesis techniques and mechanisms for a variety of MOF derivates such as MOF‐derived metal oxides, porous carbon, composites/hybrids, and sulfides is summarized. Furthermore, the details of characterization techniques and fundamental working principles are summarized to probe the structural, mechanical, physiochemical, electrochemical, and electronic properties of MOF and MOF derivatives. The future trends and some remaining challenges in the synthesis and characterization of MOF derivatives are also discussed.
High‐Level Disordered Metal–Organic Frameworks Synthesized by Interference‐Oriented Attachment for Electrochemical Anion Sieve
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen , Yu Fei , Ma Jie
Published: April 2024

Disordered MOFs seamlessly amalgamate the robust stability and pore tunability inherent in crystalline MOFs with the advantages derived from abundant defects and active sites present in amorphous structures. This study pioneers the use of the interference‐oriented attachment (IOA) mechanism to meticulously craft the morphology and crystal growth of MIL‐101(Cr) (Cr‐MOF), resulting in the successful synthesis of a high‐level disordered Cr‐MOF boasting an enhanced array of active sites and exceptional electrochemical properties. The correlation between disordered structures and the electrochemical properties of MOFs are elucidated using the lattice distortion index and fractal dimension. The high‐level disordered MOF electrode showcases a remarkable fluoride sieving effect, outperforming conventional fluoride removal materials with a remarkable fluoride adsorption capacity of 41.04 mgNaF gelectrodes−1. First‐principles calculations, in conjunction with relevant experiments, provided further validation that the disordered structure significantly enhances the defluorination performance of the material. This study introduces a novel approach for the direct bottom‐up synthesis of high‐level disordered MOFs, showcasing their potential for applications in electrochemical water treatment.
Magnesium Ions Promote the Induction of Immunosuppressive Bone Microenvironment and Bone Repair through HIF‐1α‐TGF‐β Axis in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Dai Yuya , Wu Jinhui , Wang Junyou , Wang Haoze , Guo Bingqing , Jiang Tao , Cai Zhuyun , Han Junjie , Zhang Haoyu , Xu Bangzhe , Zhou Xuhui , Wang Ce
Published: April 2024

The effect of immunoinflammation on bone repair during the recovery process of bone defects needs to be further explored. It is reported that Mg2+ can promote bone repair with immunoregulatory effect, but the underlying mechanism on adaptive immunity is still unclear. Here, by using chitosan and hyaluronic acid‐coated Mg2+ (CSHA‐Mg) in bone‐deficient mice, it is shown that Mg2+ can inhibit the activation of CD4+ T cells and increase regulatory T cell formation by inducing immunosuppressive dendritic cells (imDCs). Mechanistically, Mg2+ initiates the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway through TRPM7 channels on DCs. This process subsequently induces the downstream HIF‐1α expression, a transcription factor that amplifies TGF‐β production and inhibits the effective T cell function. In vivo, knock‐out of HIF‐1α in DCs or using a HIF‐1α inhibitor PX‐478 reverses inhibition of bone inflammation and repair promotion upon Mg2+‐treatment. Moreover, roxadustat, which stabilizes HIF‐1α protein expression, can significantly promote immunosuppression and bone repair in synergism with CSHA‐Mg. Thus, the findings identify a key mechanism for DCs and its HIF‐1α‐TGF‐β axis in the induction of immunosuppressive bone microenvironment, providing potential targets for bone regeneration.
Modular Design of Functional Glucose Monomer and Block Co‐Polymer toward Stable Zn Anodes
Authors: Yan Yaping , Mei Ruhuai , Ma Jiachen , Huang Yang , Zhu Ying , Lang Zhen , Li Cheng , Tang Hongmei , Zhang Wenlan , Lu Jing , Schmidt Oliver G. , Zhang Kai , Zhu Minshen
Published: April 2024

Aqueous Zn batteries employing mildly acidic electrolytes have emerged as promising contenders for safe and cost‐effective energy storage solutions. Nevertheless, the intrinsic reversibility of the Zn anode becomes a focal concern due to the involvement of acidic electrolyte, which triggers Zn corrosion and facilitates the deposition of insulating byproducts. Moreover, the unregulated growth of Zn over cycling amplifies the risk of internal short‐circuiting, primarily induced by the formation of Zn dendrites. In this study, a class of glucose‐derived monomers and a block copolymer are synthesized through a building‐block assembly strategy, ultimately leading to uncover the optimal polymer structure that suppresses the Zn corrosion while allowing efficient ion conduction with a substantial contribution from cation transport. Leveraging these advancements, remarkable enhancements are achieved in the realm of Zn reversibility, exemplified by a spectrum of performance metrics, including robust cycling stability without voltage overshoot and short‐circuiting during 3000 h of cycling, stable operation at a high depth of charge/discharge of 75% and a high current density, >95% Coulombic efficiency over 2000 cycles, successful translation of the anode improvement to full cell performance. These polymer designs offer a transformative path based on the modular synthesis of polymeric coatings toward highly reversible Zn anode.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Composite Fibers Regulate Oxidative Metabolism through Internal and External Factors to Promote the Recovery of Nerve Function
Authors: Zhu Hongyi , Zhou Liang , Tang Jincheng , Xu Yichang , Wang Wei , Shi Wenxiao , Li Ziang , Zhang Lichen , Ding Zhouye , Xi Kun , Gu Yong , Chen Liang
Published: April 2024

It is challenging to sufficiently regulate endogenous neuronal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and reconstruct neural networks under spinal cord injury conditions. Here, hydrogel surface grafting and microsol electrospinning are used to construct a composite biomimetic scaffold with “external‐endogenous” dual regulation of ROS. The outer hydrogel enhances local autophagy through responsive degradation and rapid release of rapamycin (≈80% within a week), neutralizing extracellular ROS and inhibiting endogenous ROS production, further reducing neuronal apoptosis. The inner directional fibers continuously supply brain‐derived neurotrophic factors to guide axonal growth. The results of in vitro co‐culturing show that the dual regulation of oxidative metabolism by the composite scaffold approximately doubles the neuronal autophagy level, reduces 60% of the apoptosis induced by oxidative stress, and increases the differentiation of neural stem cells into neuron‐like cells by ≈2.5 times. The in vivo results show that the composite fibers reduce the ROS levels by ≈80% and decrease the formation of scar tissue. RNA sequencing results show that composite scaffolds upregulate autophagy‐associated proteins, antioxidase genes, and axonal growth proteins. The developed composite biomimetic scaffold represents a therapeutic strategy to achieve neurofunctional recovery through programmed and accurate bidirectional regulation of the ROS cascade response.
Enhanced Uranium Extraction via Charge Dynamics and Interfacial Polarization in MoS2/GO Heterojunction Electrodes
Authors: Liu Yuhui , Zhao Jiayin , Bo Tao , Tian Rongteng , Wang Yingcai , Deng Sheng , Jiang Hao , Liu Yunhai , Lisak Grzegorz , Chang Mengyu , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Shuang
Published: April 2024

The removal of uranyl ions (UO22+) from water is challenging due to their chemical stability, low concentrations, complex water matrix, and technical limitations in extraction and separation. Herein, a novel molybdenum disulfide/graphene oxide heterojunction (MoS2/GO‐H) is developed, serving as an effective electrode for capacitive deionization (CDI). By combining the inherent advantages of electroadsorption and electrocatalysis, an innovative electroadsorption‐electrocatalysis system (EES) strategy is introduced. This system utilizes interface polarization at the MoS2 and GO interface, creating an additional electric field that significantly influences carrier behavior. The MoS2/GO‐H electrode, with its extraordinary adsorption capacity of 805.57 mg g−1 under optimal conditions, effectively treated uranium‐laden wastewater from a mine, achieving over 90% removal efficiency despite the presence of numerous competing ions at concentrations significantly higher than UO22+. Employing density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, it is found that the MoS2/GO‐H total charge density at the Fermi level, enhanced by interfacial polarization, surpasses that of separate MoS2 and GO, markedly boosting conductivity and electrocatalytic effectiveness.
Continuous Flow Electrochemical Synthesis of Olivine‐Structured NaFePO4 Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries from Recycle LiFePO4
Authors: Gan Tongtong , Yuan Jiashu , Chen Fang , Zhang Guodong , Liu Laihao , Zhou Li , Gao Yunfang , Xia Yonggao
Published: April 2024

To mitigate the environmental impact of the improper disposal of spent LiFePO4 batteries and reduce resource waste, the development of LiFePO4 recycling technologies is of paramount importance. Meanwhile, olivine‐structured NaFePO4 in sodium‐ion batteries has received great attention, due to its high theoretical specific capacity of 154 mAh g−1 and excellent stability. However, olivine NaFePO4 only can be synthesized from olivine LiFePO4. Accordingly, in this proposal, developing the continuous flow electrochemical solid‐liquid reactor‐based metal ion insertion technology is to utilize the olivine FePO4, recycled from LiFePO4, and to synthesize NaFePO4. Additionally, by employing I− as the reducing agent, NaFePO4 is successfully synthesized with a discharge‐specific capacity of 134 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and a remarkable capacity retention rate of 86.5% after 100 cycles at 0.2C. And the reasons for sodium deficiency in the synthesized NFP are elucidated through first‐principles calculations. Furthermore, the kinetics of the solid‐solution reaction 2 (Na2/3+βPO4→ Na1‐αFePO4) mechanism improve with cycling and are sensitive to temperature. Utilizing a minimal amount of reducing agent in the electrochemical reactor, NaFePO4 synthesis is successfully achieved. This innovative approach offers a new, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly strategy for preparing NaFePO4 from recycling LiFePO4.
Photonics of Hydrothermally Treated β‐Lactoglobulin Amyloids
Authors: Hanczyc Piotr , Alfarano Serena Rosa , Bolisetty Sreenath , Zhou Jiangtao , Peydayesh Mohammad , Lutz‐Bueno Viviane , Diaz Ana , Goswami Shrestha Roy , Beerepoot Maarten T. P. , Alam Mohammad Mehboob , Wang Lei , Solin Niclas , Szymanska Iwona , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: April 2024

Increased temperature and high pressure are applied to β‐lactoglobulin fibrils in the autoclave, resulting in the acquisition of a composite material comprised of partially disassembled amyloid fibrils and carbon dots. Confirmation of the preservation of the β‐sheet motif attributed to amyloids in the hydrothermally treated fibrils is obtained through wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and ThT assay. Z‐scan analysis reveals a two‐photon absorption (2PA) enhancement in the low‐lying transition band (La) of tyrosine, while quantum chemical calculations demonstrate a correlation between the yield of 2PA and the interspace distance between aromatic residues. Overall, the intrinsic optical properties of amyloid fibrils treated in a subcritical water environment are found to be linked with the π‐conjugation of tyrosine units and their through‐space coupling. The resulting composite material is employed as a coating for a commercial ultraviolet light‐emitting diode lamp, showcasing the potential utility of sustainable biomaterials with improved optical properties for photonics applications.
An improved transformer‐based model for detecting phishing, spam and ham emails: A large language model approach
Authors: Jamal Suhaima , Wimmer Hayden , Sarker Iqbal H.
Published: April 2024

Phishing and spam have been a cybersecurity threat with the majority of breaches resulting from these types of social engineering attacks. Therefore, detection has been a long‐standing challenge for both academic and industry researcher. New and innovative approaches are required to keep up with the growing sophistication of threat actors. One such illumination which has vast potential are large language models (LLM). LLM emerged and already demonstrated their potential to transform society and provide new and innovative approaches to solve well‐established challenges. Phishing and spam have caused financial hardships and lost time and resources to email users all over the world and frequently serve as an entry point for ransomware threat actors. While detection approaches exist, especially heuristic‐based approaches, LLMs offer the potential to venture into a new unexplored area for understanding and solving this challenge. LLMs have rapidly altered the landscape from business, consumers, and throughout academia and demonstrate transformational potential to profoundly impact the society. Based on this, applying these new and innovative approaches to email detection is a rational next step in academic research. In this work, we present IPSDM, an improved phishing spam detection model based on fine‐tuning the BERT family of models to specifically detect phishing and spam emails. We demonstrate our fine‐tuned version, IPSDM, is able to better classify emails in both unbalanced and balanced datasets. Moreover, IPSDM consistently outperforms the baseline models in terms of classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score, while concurrently mitigating overfitting concerns.
From media evolution to the Anthropocene: Unpacking sociotechnical autopoiesis
Authors: Tække Jesper
Published: April 2024

The Anthropocene, a term encapsulating humanity's significant impact on Earth's geology, is analysed from a media and socio‐evolutionary lens. The exploration investigates the correlation between human socio‐evolution, media, technology, and the inception and progression of the Anthropocene era. By employing a systems theoretical perspective, this research heavily draws on the theories of German sociologist Niklas Luhmann. Insights from the American philosopher Levi Bryant are also integrated to elucidate the relationship between humans, technology and the Earth's geological state. It is posited that society, as we understand it, emerged with the advent of spoken language. This language‐based communication system shaped cooperation within the human population. Over time, the interplay between biology, consciousness and social structures, driven by language‐based communication in different communication media, has deeply influenced Earth's climate. The evolution of communication media has continuously expanded humanity's capacity to influence its environment. The article provides a comprehensive explanatory model, suggesting that the social structures formed by these media profoundly impact Earth's geology, challenging conventional notions surrounding the origins and implications of the Anthropocene era.
Variation in resting respiration rate of Brook Trout among source populations: Implications for bioenergetic models
Authors: Hartman Cory M. , Hartman Kyle J. , Bauerlien Cory J.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Our objective was to compare wild and hatchery sourced Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis to determine the importance of source population on routine respiration rate (RRR), the major cost term in bioenergetic models.

Methods

We evaluated intraspecific variation in RRRs of one hatchery and four wild Brook Trout populations. Hatchery fish were obtained from the Bowden State Fish Hatchery in Elkins, West Virginia, and were the basis for the previously published bioenergetics model for the species. Wild fish were obtained from four headwater streams in West Virginia. Using intermittent respirometry, we measured and analyzed RRRs sequentially at 20, 16, and 12°C. Measures on hatchery fish were censored to restrict the dataset to similar sizes and temperatures as used with the wild populations. We used a suite of mixed effects models and one linear model to compare RRRs of hatchery fish with wild fish, as well as to determine whether wild populations differed.

Result

We found that the RRR of hatchery fish was double that of wild fish over the range of 12–20°C. Within the wild populations, the RRR of the Potomac drainage fish was lower than two of the three Ohio drainage populations despite all steams falling within 55 km of each other.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that selective pressures at the hatchery, as well as factors that influence thermal regimes in wild populations, likely influence RRR in Brook Trout. More research is needed to identify correlates related to intraspecific variation in fish respiration rates. Most fish bioenergetics models are not based on, or calibrated to, the specific population to which they are applied. Therefore, we encourage greater efforts be expended to calibrate and validate such models in the future.
Collaborative advocacy for multilingual learners: Developments from coursework into practice
Authors: Suh Sora , Michener Catherine J.
Published: April 2024

Advocacy is widely expected of teachers working with multilingual learners (MLs) and is included in TESOL standards and teacher education scholarship. Recent research on language teacher advocacy demonstrates the importance and necessity of advocacy for MLs and their families. However, few studies document how teachers collaboratively advocate for their MLs and how they develop collaborative alliances to implement their advocacy. This article contributes to the growing conversation of how teachers advocate collaboratively for MLs by examining a cohort of teachers from their English as a second language (ESL) certification courses into their teaching practice. Dialogic discourse analyses of 3 years of discussions show how teachers develop their community advocacy plans and stances collaboratively. The authors conclude with implications for preparing teachers to advocate collaboratively for MLs and their families.
Ototoxicity among cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin in zebrafish model
Authors: Li Kuan‐Hui , Zhao Yi‐Yu , Cheng Hsin‐Lin , Yang Jiann‐Jou , Chien Chen‐Yu
Published: April 2024

Platinum‐based antineoplastic drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are widely used in the treatment of various cancers. Ototoxicity is a common adverse effect of platinum‐based drugs. Ototoxicity leads to irreversible hearing impairment. We hypothesize that different platinum‐based drugs exhibit varying ototoxic concentrations, time effects, and ototoxic mechanisms. We tested this hypothesis by using a zebrafish model (pvalb3b: TagGFP) to assess the viability of hair cells collected from zebrafish larvae. Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin were administered at dosages of 100, 200, or 400 μM, and the ototoxic effects of these drugs were assessed 1, 2, or 3 h after administration. Fm4‐64 and a TUNEL assay were used to label the membranes of living hair cells and to detect cell apoptosis, respectively. We observed that >50% of hair cells were damaged at 1 h after cisplatin (100 μM) exposure, and this ototoxic effect increased at higher dosages and over time. Owing to the smaller ototoxic effects of carboplatin and oxaliplatin, we conducted higher‐strength and longer‐duration experiments with these drugs. Neither carboplatin nor oxaliplatin was obviously ototoxic, even at 1600 μM and after 6 h. Moreover, only cisplatin damaged the membranes of the hair cells. Cell apoptosis and significantly increased antioxidant gene expression were observed in only the cisplatin group. In conclusion, cisplatin significantly damages sensory hair cells and has notable dosage and time effects. Carboplatin and oxaliplatin are less ototoxic than cisplatin, likely due to having different ototoxic mechanisms than cisplatin.
Horse owner perceptions of equine veterinary nursing roles in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pritchard Phillippa , Robinson Natalie , Saul Anna , Shrubb Julia , Stavisky Jenny , Dean Rachel
Published: April 2024

Background

Registered (equine) veterinary nurses (R(E)VNs) typically provide few client‐facing services. Better utilising R(E)VN skills could help address workforce shortages, improve morale and benefit patient health. The aim of this study was to explore horse owner perceptions of R(E)VN roles.

Methods

An online cross‐sectional survey of horse owners gathered data on their understanding of R(E)VN roles, their experiences of R(E)VNs their openness to further R(E)VN services and perceived facilitators of and barriers to such services. Participants were recruited via practices, social media and snowball sampling. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and manifest content analysis of the qualitative data were conducted.

Results

Three hundred and forty‐seven useable responses were received. Eighty‐one percent (282/347) had heard the term R(E)VN. Most talked positively about their experiences with R(E)VNs. Eighty‐seven percent (285/326) were open to an R(E)VN visiting their horse under the direction of a veterinary surgeon, with more than 90% being extremely or somewhat comfortable with R(E)VN visits for bandaging and suture removal.

Limitations

It is unclear how closely respondents' perceptions reflect those of the wider UK horse owner population.

Conclusions

Horse owners appear to be open to further nursing services, with key procedures such as bandaging being a potential starting point. Understanding the career goals of the individual nurses and the needs of the practice will be key to the successful implementation of these services.
Antibacterial potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw cow milk in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: A molecular approach
Authors: Asha Mashuka Nahida , Chowdhury Md. Shahidur Rahman , Hossain Hemayet , Rahman Md. Anisur , Emon Ahsan Al , Tanni Fatema Yeasmin , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Hossain Md. Mukter , Rahman Md. Mahfujur
Published: April 2024

Background

The most prevalent probiotic bacterium employed in the food industry is Lactobacillus because it can produce metabolites with antibacterial capabilities and exhibits hostility towards infections and microorganisms that cause spoilage.

Aim

This study set out to identify naturally occurring Lactobacillus and plantaricin (pln EF) coding genes in raw cow milk and to assess the antibacterial potency of isolated Lactobacillus isolates.

Methods

Following enrichment in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth, single colonies were isolated, and pure colonies were obtained by streaking on MRS agar. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the cultural positivity of all isolates. Additionally, the presence of plantaricin was verified by targeting the pln EF gene through PCR.

Outcome

Out of the 166 raw milk specimens acquired from cows, 153 (91.17%; CI: 86.98–95.76) were identified as positive for Lactobacillus through both culture and biochemical screening. Subsequently, 121 (72.89%; CI: 65.46–79.49) of the isolates were affirmed to harbour Lactobacillus through PCR analysis. Within this subset, 6 isolates (4.96%; CI: 1.84–10.48) were found to possess the plnEF gene. When exposed to Lactobacillus isolates, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica displayed an average maximum zone of inhibition with a diameter measuring 24 mm. In contrast, Escherichia coli exhibited an average minimum zone of inhibition, featuring a diameter of 11 mm. Additionally, the Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated inhibitory zones against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, measuring 14, 22 and 19 mm, respectively.

Clinical significance

Lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacilli, are plentiful in cow milk and possess broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties.
Hybrid external fixator for treatment of a tibial proximal comminuted diaphyseal fracture in a foal
Authors: Rodrigues De Lima Leonardo , Kreutzfeld Farias Sheila , Parra Buzzetti Ananda , Neves De Souza Pimenta Maria Carolina , Blake Roberta
Published: April 2024

A 15‐day‐old colt was presented with grade 5 lameness (American Association of Equine Practitioners ‐ lameness scale), oedema of the right pelvic limb and stifle joint instability. A radiographic examination revealed a complete comminuted fracture of the proximal right tibia. To treat this, a surgical reduction was performed using a hybrid external fixator. The hybrid external fixator consisted of two rings placed above the proximal and distal epiphyseal plates, respectively, which were then linked with threaded rods. Within 24 hours of the surgery, the foal started weight‐bearing again. After 6 days, the hybrid external fixator rings were distracted by 1 mm per day for 17 days, which helped to increase the bone length. Once the hybrid external fixator was removed, a small shortening of the tibia (1 cm) was observed compared to the contralateral limb, but the epiphyseal cartilage was maintained.
Malignant trichoepithelioma in the prepuce of a Pitbull breed dog
Authors: Di Giorgio Stefania , Giambrone Giada , Ruggiano Giosuè , Marino Gabriele , Sfacteria Alessandra
Published: April 2024

A 12‐year‐old, male Pitbull dog was referred for a voluminous mass in the prepuce. Physical examination revealed an oval mass, cauliflower‐shaped with an alopecic and ulcerated surface. Cytological examination revealed large amounts of neutrophil granulocytes and keratinised cells with several atypic features, such as anisokaryosis, anisocytosis, anisonucleosis, nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolation, and mitoses. Histopathology of the surgically excised sample showed malignant epithelial cells arranged in trabeculae, islands and cords showing differentiation of all three segments of a hair follicle. In addition, there were foci of trichogenic differentiation with intracytoplasmic trichohyalin granules, and the presence of ghost cells in the epithelial islands. The macroscopic and histological features led to the diagnosis of a malignant trichoepithelioma according to the characteristics reported in the literature, except for the unusual localisation in the canine prepuce.
Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy for people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, ovarian or gastric origin: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gurusamy Kurinchi , Leung Jeffrey , Vale Claire , Roberts Danielle , Linden Audrey , Tan Xiao Wei , Taribagil Priyal , Patel Sonam , Pizzo Elena , Davidson Brian , Saunders Mark , Aziz Omer , O’Dwyer Sarah T.
Published: April 2024

Background

There is uncertainty in the relative benefits and harms of hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) when added to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) +/− systemic chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone in people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, gastric, or ovarian cancers.

Methods

We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the medical literature until April 14, 2022 and applied methods used for high‐quality systematic reviews.

Findings

We included a total of eight RCTs (seven RCTs included in quantitative analysis as one RCT did not provide data in an analyzable format). All comparisons other than ovarian cancer contained only one trial. For gastric cancer, there is high uncertainty about the effect of CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy. For stage III or greater epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing interval cytoreductive surgery, CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy probably decreases all‐cause mortality compared to CRS + systemic chemotherapy. For colorectal cancer, CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy probably results in little to no difference in all‐cause mortality and may increase the serious adverse events proportions compared to CRS +/− systemic chemotherapy, but probably decreases all‐cause mortality compared to fluorouracil‐based systemic chemotherapy alone.

Interpretation

The role of CRS + HIPEC in gastric peritoneal metastases is uncertain. CRS + HIPEC should be standard of care in women with stage III or greater epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing interval CRS. CRS + systemic chemotherapy should be standard of care for people with colorectal peritoneal metastases, with HIPEC given only as part of a RCT focusing on subgroups and regimes.

PROSPERO Registration

CRD42019130504.
Why Being a Woman Matters When Countering Islamophobia in Australia
Authors: Carland Susan
Published: April 2024

Australian Muslim women are far more likely to be the target of Islamophobic attacks than men, and common narratives often paint Muslim women merely as victims of Islamophobia. This chapter takes a new approach and considers how Muslim women may counter Islamophobia and the various audiences they must contend with in their work. Using de Koning’s interpellation framework, this research investigates why Australian Muslim women believe gender matters in public countering Islamophobia work and proposes new developments to the framework based on the way Australian Muslim women must mediate the ascriptions of both non-Muslims and Muslim men. This research draws on in-depth interviews with Sunni, Shi’i, and Ahmadiyya women from around Australia who are active in public countering Islamophobia education initiatives.
Bootstrapping AdS2 × S2 hypermultiplets: hidden four-dimensional conformal symmetry
Authors: Rigatos Konstantinos C. , Zhou Shaodong
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We bootstrap the 4-point amplitude of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 hypermultiplets in AdS2 × S2 at tree-level and for arbitrary external weights. We hereby explicitly demonstrate the existence of a hidden four-dimensional conformal symmetry that was used as an assumption in previous studies to derive this result.
Dark Radiation Constraints on Heavy QCD Axions
Authors: Dunsky David I. , Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The naturalness problem of PQ symmetry motivates study of the heavy QCD axion, with masses ma> 1 MeV generated at scales above the QCD scale, and low values of the PQ symmetry breaking scale, fa. We compute the abundance of such axions in a model-independent way, assuming only that they freeze-out after reheating from inflation, and are not subsequently diluted by new physics. If these axions decay between neutrino decoupling and the last scatter era of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), they dilute the neutrinos and their abundance is constrained by CMB measurements of the energy density in dark radiation, Neff. We accurately compute this bound using a numerical code to evolve the axion momentum distribution, including many key processes and effects previously ignored. We assume that the only relevant axion decays are to final states involving Standard Model particles. We determine regions of (ma, fa) that will give a signal in Neff at CMB Stage 4 experiments. We similarly compute the Neff bound and CMB Stage 4 signal for heavy axions that can decay to light mirror photons. Finally, we compute the bounds on heavy axions with mass below 1 MeV that decay after the era of CMB last scatter, from their contribution to cold or hot dark matter or Neff at this era.
Engineered platforms for mimicking cardiac development and drug screening
Authors: Stiefbold Madison , Zhang Haokang , Wan Leo Q.
Published: April 2024

Congenital heart defects are associated with significant health challenges, demanding a deep understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and, thus, better devices or platforms that can recapitulate human cardiac development. The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells has substantially reduced the dependence on animal models. Recent advances in stem cell biology, genetic editing, omics, microfluidics, and sensor technologies have further enabled remarkable progress in the development of in vitro platforms with increased fidelity and efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in in vitro cardiac development platforms, with a particular focus on technological innovation. We categorize these platforms into four areas: two-dimensional solid substrate cultures, engineered substrate architectures that enhance cellular functions, cardiac organoids, and embryos/explants-on-chip models. We conclude by addressing current limitations and presenting future perspectives.
Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?
Authors: Luy Marc
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Frauen leben länger als Männer, verbringen aber mehr Lebensjahre mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, inwieweit dieses Geschlechterparadoxon durch 2 Faktoren erklärt werden kann: den „Mortalitätseffekt“, der aus der höheren Lebenserwartung der Frauen resultiert, und das „Differential Item Functioning“ (DIF), das Geschlechterunterschiede im Berichtsverhalten bezeichnet.

Methoden

Die beeinträchtigte Lebenserwartung im Alter 50 für die Gesundheitsindikatoren Allgemeingesundheit, Einschränkungen und chronische Morbidität wird mit der Sullivan-Methode berechnet. Daten zur Gesundheitsprävalenz stammen aus dem Survey „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA) des Jahres 2012, Daten zur Mortalität aus der „Human Mortality Database“. Die Geschlechterdifferenz in der beeinträchtigten Lebenserwartung wird mittels Dekomposition in den Mortalitäts- und den Gesundheitseffekt zerlegt. Letzterer wird schließlich auf der Grundlage von Vignetten aus der ersten Welle des „Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe“ (SHARE) um DIF-Effekte bereinigt.

Ergebnisse

Das Geschlechterparadoxon lässt sich für alle 3 betrachteten Gesundheitsindikatoren nicht nur teilweise, sondern vollständig durch Mortalitätseffekt und DIF auflösen. Nach Berücksichtigung dieser beiden Faktoren kehrt sich die Geschlechterdifferenz in der beeinträchtigten Lebenserwartung von höheren Werten für Frauen in höhere Werte für Männer um.

Diskussion

Die Ursachen für das Geschlechterparadoxon sind sehr komplex und die Frauen-Männer-Differenzen in gesamter und beeinträchtigter Lebenserwartung gehen nicht unbedingt in widersprüchliche Richtungen. Das Ausmaß der höheren beeinträchtigten Lebenserwartung der Frauen hängt entscheidend vom zugrunde liegenden Gesundheitsindikator ab und wird zum größten Teil durch den Mortalitätseffekt erklärt.
Die Datenintegrationszentren – Von der Konzeption in der Medizininformatik-Initiative zur lokalen Umsetzung in einem Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin
Authors: Albashiti Fady , Thasler Reinhard , Wendt Thomas , Bathelt Franziska , Reinecke Ines , Schreiweis Björn
Published: April 2024

Im Rahmen der Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII) sind seit 2018 an 38 universitären sowie 3 nichtuniversitären Standorten in Deutschland Datenintegrationszentren (DIZ) entstanden. Hier werden Forschungs- und Versorgungsdaten zusammengetragen. Die Datenintegrationszentren (DIZ) stellen mittlerweile eine wichtige Säule in der Forschung und Versorgung dar. Sie schaffen die technischen, organisatorischen und (ethisch-)datenschutzrechtlichen Voraussetzungen, um mit den vorhandenen klinischen Routinedaten auch standortübergreifende Forschung zu ermöglichen.

In diesem Beitrag werden die 3 Hauptsäulen der DIZ vorgestellt: ethisch-rechtlicher Rahmen, Organisation und Technik. Die Organisation von DIZ sowie deren organisatorische Einbettung und Interaktion werden vorgestellt ebenso wie die technische Infrastruktur. Die Services, die ein DIZ für den eigenen Standort und für externe Forschende erbringt, werden erklärt und die Rolle des DIZ als Schnittstelle nach innen und außen zur Stärkung der Kooperation und Kollaboration dargelegt.

Rechtskonformität, Organisation und Technik bilden die Grundlagen für Prozesse und Strukturen eines DIZ und sind einerseits entscheidend dafür, wie es in die Versorgungs- und Forschungslandschaft eines Standortes integriert ist, andererseits aber auch dafür, wie es auf nationale und europäische Anforderungen reagieren und als Schnittstelle nach außen agieren und fungieren kann. In diesem Kontext und im Hinblick auf die nationalen Entwicklungen (z. B. Einführung der elektronischen Patientenakte – ePA), aber auch die internationalen und europäischen Initiativen (z. B. Europäischer Gesundheitsdatenraum – EHDS) werden die DIZ zukünftig eine zentrale Rolle spielen.