bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESG, Taxes, and Profitability of Insurers
Authors: Bressan Silvia
Published: August 2023

The growing concerns on sustainability urge insurance companies to incorporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) policies in order to remain competitive.
As all dimensions of sustainability involve taxation, it is important to establish if this association reflects on financial performance.
Our analysis of worldwide property and casualty (P&C) insurers during 2013-2022 reveals that high ESG insurers pay more taxes, while are less profitable compared to low ESG insurers. This pattern is confirmed using instrumental variable regressions and simultaneous equations systems. We argue that sustainable insurers are less tempted to avoid taxes, and don't shift their tax burdens on policyholders and investors.
However, the interplay between taxes and sustainability seems to harm insurers' profitability, potentially sorting negative consequences on investment and economic growth. This is an important insight for tax authorities and insurance managers.
Intracellular Fate of the Photosensitizer Chlorin e4 with Different Carriers and Induced Metabolic Changes studied by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Vermathen Martina , Kämpfer Tobias Emmanuel , Nuoffer Jean-Marc , Vermathen Peter
Published: August 2023

Porphyrinic photosensitizers (PSs) and their nano-sized polymer-based carrier systems are required to exhibit low dark toxicity, avoid side effects, and ensure high in vivo tolerability. Yet, little is known about the intracellular fate of PSs during the dark incubation period and how it is af-fected by nanoparticles. In a systematic study, high resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy combined with statistical analyses was used to study the metabolic profile of cultured HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of the PS chlorin e4 (Ce4) alone or encapsulated in carrier systems. For the latter, either polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or the micelle forming polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polypropylene glycol triblock copolymer Kolliphor P188 (KP) were used. Diffusion edited spectra indicated Ce4 membrane localization evidenced by Ce4 concentration dependent chemical shift perturbation of the cellular phospholipid choline resonance. The effect was also visible in the presence of KP and PVP, but less pronounced. The appearance of the PEG resonance in the cell spectra pointed towards cell internalization of KP whereas no conclusion could be drawn for PVP that remained NMR-invisible. Multivariate statistical analyses of the cell spectra (PCA, PLS-DA and oPLS) revealed a concentration-dependent metabolic response upon exposure to Ce4 that was attenuated by KP and even more by PVP. Significant Ce4-concentration dependent alterations were mainly found for metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the phosphatidylcholine metabolism. The data underline an important protective role of the polymeric carriers following cell internalization. Moreover, the current study allowed - to our knowledge for the first time - to trace the intracellular PS localization on an atomic level by NMR methods.
Advanced Omics Techniques for Understanding Cochlear Genome, Epigenome and Transcriptome in Health and Disease
Authors: Tisi Annamaria , Palaniappan Sakthimala , Maccarrone Mauro
Published: August 2023

Advanced genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics techniques are providing unprecedented insights into the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the central nervous system, including the neuro-sensory cochlea of the inner ear. Here, we report for the first time a comprehensive and updated overview of the most advanced omics techniques for the study of nucleic acids, and their applications in cochlear research. We describe the available in vitro and in vivo models for hearing research, the principles of genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics, alongside their most advanced technologies (like single cell omics and spatial omics), which allows to investigate the molecular events that occur at single cell resolution retaining the spatial information.
Thermodynamic and Dynamic Transitions and Interaction Aspects in Reorientation Dynamics of Molecular Probe in Organic Compounds: A Series 1-Alkanols with TEMPO
Authors: Bartoš Josef , Švajdlenková Helena
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The spectral and dynamic properties of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)
Thermal Stability and Resistance to Biodegradation of Humic Acid Adsorbed on Clay Minerals
Authors: Danilin Igor , Tolpeshta Inna , Izosimova Yulia , Pozdnyakov Lev , Salimgareeva Olga , Stepanov Andrey
Published: August 2023

This work studied sorption regularities and assessed thermal stability and resistance to microbial degradation of humic acid as a result of 3 sorption cycles on bentonite clay, kaolinite, and muscovite using TGA/DSC, XRD, hydrophobic chromatography, light and electron microscopy, etc.
The experiment revealed that kaolinite sorbed more humic acids (HAs) in terms of unit surface area (1.03 × 10-3 C, g/m2) compared to bentonite (0.35 × 10-3 C, g/m 10-3 g/m2). Sorption at pH 4.5 was accompanied by HA fractionation in amphiphilicity and chemical composition. HA was sorbed mainly due to hydrophobic components on the surface of all sorbents. HA was not intercalated into the interlayer spaces of montmorillonite during sorption. Sorption due to hydrophilic interactions was mostly performed on muscovite and bentonite than on kaolinite. Sorption was followed by a change in the chemical composition of HA and decreased C/N compared to free HA, indicating selective sorption of nitrogen-containing compounds which is most characteristic of muscovite.
Only a relatively thermolabile HA fraction was adsorbed on all minerals while its thermal stability increased compared to that before the experiment. Thermal stability and ratio of the Exo2/Exo1 peak areas on the DSC curves of sorbed HA increased with each subsequent sorption cycle. Thermal stability and resistance to microbial oxidation of sorbed HA showed the following relationship: the higher the thermal stability, the less available is sorbed HA for utilization by microorganisms.
IBD and Motherhood: A Journey Through Conception, Pregnancy, and Beyond.
Authors: Caballero-Mateos Antonio M , Quesada-Caballero Miguel , Cañadas-De la Fuente Guillermo A. , Caballero-Vazquez Alberto , Contreras-Chova Francisco
Published: August 2023

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) presents distinct challenges during pregnancy due to its influence on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. This literature review aims to dissect the existing scientific evidence on pregnancy in women with IBD and provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical management.

A comprehensive search was conducted across scientific databases, selecting clinical studies, systematic reviews, and other pertinent resources. Numerous studies have underscored an increased risk of complications during pregnancy for women with IBD, including preterm birth, low birth weight, neonates small for gestational age, and congenital malformations. Nevertheless, it's evident that proactive disease management before and throughout pregnancy can mitigate these risks.

Continuation of IBD treatment during pregnancy and breastfeeding is deemed safe with agents like thiopurines, anti-TNF, vedolizumab, or ustekinumab. However, there's a call for caution when combining treatments due to the heightened risk of severe infections in the first year of life. For small molecules, their use is advised against in both scenarios.

Effective disease management, minimizing disease activity, and interdisciplinary care are pivotal in attending to women with IBD. The emphasis is placed on the continual assessment of maternal and infant outcomes and an expressed need for further research to enhance the understanding of the ties between IBD and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Nematicidal Activity and Action Receptor of a Methyl‐Accepting Chemotaxis Protein from the Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae against Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Jiaoqing , Dai Haiyan , Bashir Anum , Wang Zhiyong , An Yimin , Yu Xun , Xu Liangzheng , Li Lin
Published: August 2023

The conventional phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae has been identified several significant virulence determinants against Caenorhabditis elegans, but their mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we report the nematicidal activity and action receptor of a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP03) of a wild-type P. syringae MB03 against C. elegans. Purified MCP03 exhibited significant nematicidal toxicity against C. elegans, with a half-lethal concentration of 124.4 μg mL1, and detrimental effects on the growth and brood size of C. elegans. Additionally, MCP03-treated worms showed severe pathological destruction of the intestine and ovary, and depressed wrinkles of the cuticle. Through yeast two-hybrid assays, we identified a subunit of a COP9 signalosome, namely CSN-5, functionated as an action receptor of MCP03. In vitro pull-down and in vivo co-localization assays verified the binding interaction between MCP03 and CSN-5. RNA interference assays confirmed that MCP03 acts on CSN-5 to adversely affect the brood size, growth, and cuticle integrity of C. elegans. Following MCP03 infection, the expression of several genes relative to reproduction, growth, and cuticle formation, such as kgb-1, unc-98, and col-117, were significantly downregulated, which implicated the pathological changes of MCP03-treated nematodes. Thus, this study demonstrates that MCP03 acted on the receptor protein CSN-5 causing lethality and detrimental effects on the fertility, growth, and morphogenesis of C. elegans, which will provide new insights into the signaling pathways and mechanism underlying the nematicidal action of MCP03 towards C. elegans.
Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy in DOGS: Safety and Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Rostaher Ana , Fischer Nina Maria , Vigani Alessio , Steblaj Barbara , Martini Franco , Brem Salina , Favrot Claude , Kosnik Mitja
Published: August 2023

Hymenoptera allergens are the main triggers for anaphylaxis in susceptible dogs and humans. Hymenoptera venom specific immunotherapy (VIT), the only disease-modifying treatment, has the potential to prevent future life-threatening reactions in human patients. Prospective clinical data on VIT efficacy in dogs are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to show that VIT is not only safe but also efficacious in preventing anaphylaxis in dogs allergic to Hymenoptera. This uncontrolled prospective clinical trial included 10 client-owned dogs with a history of anaphylaxis following repeated Hymenoptera stings. The sensitization to bee and wasp allergens was demonstrated by intradermal testing (IDT) and allergen-specific IgE serology. For VIT induction (induction phase), dogs received a shortened rush immunotherapy protocol with aqueous allergens, which was then followed by monthly injections of 100 g of alum-precipitated allergen (maintenance phase). VIT efficacy was determined by observing patients’ clinical reactions to re-stings. No systemic adverse events were seen during the induction and maintenance phase. From the seven re-stung dogs, only one developed a mild angioedema at the site of the sting; the remaining dogs were asymptomatic. These results show that VIT represents a safe and effective treatment option for Hymenoptera-allergic dogs.
Changes in the Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Carinthia, Austria, 2012–2023
Authors: Hucke Florian , Emmer Heleen , Emmer Roberto , Hucke Miriam , Bota Simona , Fürstner Matthias , Hausegger Klaus , Mittermair Reinhard , Peck-Radosavljevic Markus
Published: August 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths and remains a major burden on health-care systems worldwide. The incidence of HCC continues to rise globally, despite preventative efforts being made. Aims: This study aimed to investigate epidemiological changes observed in the aetiology and survival outcomes of HCC patients at Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee between 2012 and 2023. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-centre cohort observational study. Two time-periods (2012-2017 and 2018-2023) were created to enable comparison between the respective intervals. Results: More patients were diagnosed with HCC during the second time-period, proving that the incidence of HCC is rising or the referral patterns changing. The median age of diagnosis was 72.5 years (SD 8.6). Patients were on average 2 years younger in the second time-period compared to the first (p = 0.042). Alcohol remained the leading underlying aetiology of HCC and no statistically significant change was seen over time (p = 0.353). Nevertheless, a clear upward trend in the number of NASH cases was evident over time (n = 15, n = 28 respectively). Nearly half of the patient population did not have a raised AFP at the time of diagnosis. The survival time for HCC patients remained similar between time-periods, with a median overall survival time of 20.5 months (95% CI 16.8-24.2, p = 0.841), despite improvements in management strategies and the availability of new systemic treatments but more advanced stage HCC was documented in the second period. An increasing number of HCC patients without liver cirrhosis were identified during the second time-period (n = 22, n= 47 respectively, p = 0.005). NASH was the most common underlying aetiology in patients without liver cirrhosis (50%), compared to alcohol use in being the primary cause in cirrhotic patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: HCC continues to be an important health concern in our society. The number of HCC patients without liver cirrhosis is steadily increasing, with NAFLD/ NASH, due to underlying life-style diseases playing an important aetiological role. Continued efforts should be made to prevent HCC and to screen at-risk population groups. Preventative strategies and screening techniques should be adjusted in light of the changing epidemiological landscape of HCC.
The Diagnostic Efficacy of and Requirement for Postnatal Ultrasonography Screening for Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Authors: Gulyuz Abdulgani , Tekin Mehmet
Published: August 2023

Background: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of postnatal ultrasonography in determining congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in term infants with or without a history of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in the prenatal period. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the records of term infants aged between six weeks and three months undergoing urinary system ultrasonography during routine child care were examined. Results: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract was determined in 121 (4.62%) of the 2620 cases included in the study. The most common anomaly was hydronephrosis (in 69.4% of the congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract cases and 3.21% of all cases). Thirty-two of the 84 (38.1%) hydronephrosis cases detected by postnatal ultrasonography, three of the nine (33.3%) renal agenesis cases, four of the seven (57.1%) horseshoe kidneys cases, one of the four (25%) multicystic dysplastic kidney cases and two of the two (100%) duplex system cases could not be detected by prenatal ultrasonography. On the other hand, hydronephrosis was not detected at postnatal ultrasonography in 29 (1.1%) cases which detected mild or moderate hydronephrosis by prenatal ultrasonography scanning. Conclusions: In our study, it was observed that approximately one-third of the cases of hydronephrosis, unilateral renal agenesis, duplex system, horseshoe kidney, and ectopic kidney could not be detected at prenatal ultrasonography screening. We therefore believe that, in addition to prenatal ultrasonography screening, postnatal ultrasonography screening of all children for urinary tract anomalies would be beneficial.
Prediction of Protein Ion-Ligand Binding Sites with ELECTRA
Authors: Essien Clement , Jiang Lei , Wang Duolin , Xu Dong
Published: August 2023

Interactions between proteins and ions are essential for various biological functions like structural stability, metabolism, and signal transport. Given that more than half of all proteins bind to ions, it becomes crucial to identify ion-binding sites. Accurate identification of protein-ion binding sites helps us to understand proteins’ biological functions and plays a significant role in drug discovery. While several computational approaches have been proposed, this remains a challenging problem due to the small size and high versatility of metals and acid radicals. In this study, we propose IonPred, a sequence-based approach that employs ELECTRA (Efficiently Learning an Encoder that Classifies Token Replacements Accurately) to predict ion binding sites using only raw protein sequences. We successfully fine-tuned our pretrained model to predict the binding sites for nine metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, and K+) and four acid radical ion ligands (CO32−, SO42−, PO43−, NO2−). IonPred surpassed six current state-of-the-art tools by over 44.65% and 28.46% respectively in F1 score and MCC when compared on an independent test dataset. Our method is more computationally efficient than existing tools producing prediction results for a hundred sequences for a specific ion in under ten minutes.
Biological Action and Structural Characterization of Eryngitin 3 and 4, Ribotoxin-like Proteins from Pleurotus eryngii Fruiting Bodies
Authors: Ragucci Sara , Landi Nicola , Citores Lucía , Iglesias Rosario , Russo Rosita , Clemente Angela , Saviano Michele , Pedone Paolo Vincenzo , Chambery Angela , Ferreras José M. , Di Maro Antimo
Published: August 2023

Ribotoxin-like proteins (RL-Ps) are specific ribonucleases found in mushrooms that are able to cleave a single phosphodiester bond located in the Sarcin-Ricin Loop (SRL) of the large rRNA. The cleaved SRL interacts differently with some ribosomal proteins (P-stalk). This action blocks protein synthesis because the damaged ribosomes are unable to interact with elongation factors.
Here, the amino acid sequence of eryngitin 3 and 4, RL-Ps isolated from Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, was determined to: i) obtain structural information on this specific ribonuclease family from edible mushrooms; and ii) explore the structural determinants which justify their different biological and antipathogenic activities. Indeed, eryngitin 3 (exhibited higher toxicity with respect to eryngitin 4 against tumoral cell lines and model fungi. Structurally, eryngitin 3 and 4 consist of 132 amino acids, most of them identical and exhibit a single free cysteinyl residue. The amino acidic differences between the two toxins are: i) an additional phenylalanyl residue at the N-terminus of eryngitin 3, not retrieved in eryngitin 4; and ii) an additional arginyl residue at C-terminus of eryngitin 4, not retrieved in eryngitin 3. The 3D-models of eryngitins show slight differences at the N- and C-terminal regions. In particular, the positive electrostatic surface at C-terminal of eryngitin 4 is due to the additional arginyl residue not retrieved in eryngitin 3. This additional positive charge could interfere with the binding to the SRL (substrate) or with some ribosomal proteins (P-stalk structure), during substrate recognition.
Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater
Authors: Lawan M. S. , Kumar Rajeev , Rashid Jamshaid , Barakat Mohamed A.
Published: August 2023

The treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRWW) is of great interest in the field of industrial wastewater management. The wastewater contains a diverse concentration of contaminants such as oil and grease, petroleum hydrocarbons, phenol, ammonia, sulfides, as well as other organic and inorganic composites etc. The treatment of refinery wastewater has been treated through various processes including; physical, biological, chemical or hybrid methods which combine two or more techniques. Hence, the objective of this review is to summarize the recent research studies applied in the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater using conventional, advanced as well as integrated treatment techniques. Furthermore, critically highlight the efficiencies and major limitations of each technique as well as prospects for improvement. Several conventional treatment techniques (basically, the physicochemical and biological processes) were discussed. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AoPs) especially electrochemical oxidation and photocatalysis as well as the integrated/hybrid processes are found effective to remove the recalcitrant fraction of organic pollutants because of their various inherent mechanisms. These techniques could effectively remove COD and phenols concentration with an average removal efficiency exceeding 90%. Hence, the review also presented an elaborate discussion of the photocatalytic process as one of the advanced techniques and highlighted some basic concepts to optimize the degradation efficiency of a photocatalyst. Finally, a brief recommendation for research prospects is also presented.
Unlocking Tyrosinase Inhibition: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and Binding Free Energy Studies of Novel Arylpiperidine and Arylpiperazine-Based Inhibitors
Authors: Martins Lucas Sousa , Bentes Beatriz Alves , Lameira Jerônimo , Silva José Rogério Araújo
Published: August 2023

Tyrosinases (TYR) play an important role in oxidizing phenols and catechols, leading to the formation of catechols and ortho-quinones, respectively. In mammals, TYR catalyzes the conversion of L-Tyrosine to quinone, a pivotal step in melanogenesis, which generates melanin pigments responsible for protecting against UV radiation and oxidative stress. Given TYR's importance in melanin-related disorders and cosmetic applications, the inhibition of TYR has garnered attention for controlling melanin production. However, current inhibitors like hydroquinone, arbutin, and kojic acid (KA) have limitations in terms of side effects and effectiveness. A novel class of TYR inhibitors featuring arylpiperidine and arylpiperazine components has demonstrated potent inhibitory activity. This study presents a computational analysis of these inhibitors using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) method was used to estimate binding free energies. The arylpiperidine and arylpiperazine inhibitors exhibit remarkable stability within the TYR active site during simulations. The van der Waals interactions are notably sustained, indicating effective inhibition mechanisms. The results from LIE calculations closely align with experimental binding affinities. In summary, these results contribute to the understanding of TYR inhibition and underscore the potential of arylpiperidine and arylpiperazine derivatives as effective agents for modulating melanin production in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Overall, this study sheds light on the intricate interactions between inhibitors and TYR, opening avenues for the development of novel therapies and interventions.
Nasal Nitric Oxide in Children: A Review of Current Outreach in Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
Authors: Mrkic Kobal Iva , Plavec Davor , Turkalj Mirjana
Published: August 2023

Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is a gas synthesized by the inducible and constitutive NO synthase enzyme in the airway cells of the nasal mucosa. Like lung nitric oxide, it is thought to be associated with airway inflammation in various respiratory diseases in children.
The aim of our review was to investigate the current state of use of nasal nitric oxide measurement in children.
A comprehensive search was conducted using the Web of Science and PubMed databases specifically targeting publications in the English language, with the following keywords: nasal NO, children, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, acute rhinosinusitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF).
We describe the use of nNO in pediatric allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, acute rhinosinusitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) based on the latest literature.
CONCLUSION: nNO is a noninvasive, clinically applicable test for use in pediatric allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, acute rhinosinusitis, PCD and CF. It can be used as a complementary method in the diagnosis of these respiratory diseases and as a monitoring method for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, acute and chronic rhinosinusitis.
Systematic Myostatin Expression Screening Platform for Identification and Evaluation of Myogenesis-Related Phytogenic in Economic Animal
Authors: Ou Bor-Rung , Hsu Ming-Hua , Haung Ling-Ya , Lin Chuan-Ju , Kuo Li-Li , Tsai Yu-Ting , Chang Yu-Chia , Lin Wen-Yuh , Huang Tsung-Chien , Wu Yun-Chu , Yeh Jan-Ying , Liang Yu-Chuan
Published: August 2023

Skeletal muscle is a specialized tissue consisting of nondividing and multinucleated muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle-specific myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted protein that acts as a negative regulator of muscle mass by inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. In this study, we established a screening platform to monitor myostatin promoter activity in rat L8 myoblasts. Extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GUE), an oriental herbal medicine, was identified through this screening platform and, the active fractions of GUE were identified by process-scale liquid column chromatography system. For in vivo study, the GUE as a feed additive was investigated in growth-finishing pigs. The results showed that GUE significantly increased body weight, carcass weight and lean content in pigs. Microbiota analysis indicated that GUE did not affect the composition of gut microbiota in pigs. In summary, this established rodent myoblast screening platform was used to identify a myogenesis-related phytogenic, GUE, and further demonstrated that the active fractions inhibited MSTN expression. These finding suggest a novel application for GUE in growth performance enhancement through modulation of MSTN expression. Furthermore, this established screening platform has great potential for identification and evaluation of a wide variety of phytogenics involving in myogenesis.
Sustainable Post-COVID-19 Global Supply Chain Methods: Conceptual Framework
Authors: Eberi-Kalu Onwukwe
Published: August 2023

There are two goals for this article. The first step is to perform a study of previous research on global supply chain method (GSCM) principles that can adapt and survive adversity, such as a pandemic. The second is to put forth a conceptual framework for the GSCM that would aid in the fight for a stronger GSCM in the event of future turbulence similar to that experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Is there, perhaps, a viable GSCM after COVID-19? Can the COVID-19 pandemic-related international logistics system (GSC) turbulences be predicted with certainty using these GSCM concepts? Regarding the raised issues, the paper concluded that, although arguable, sustainable GSCM is feasible and can be accomplished utilizing JIT, supply chain mitigation, and supply chain visibility, as demonstrated by the manufacturing firms referenced in the article.
A Facile Growth, Optical Behavior of Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal—4-Bromo-2-Methylbenzonitrile
Authors: P Preeda , R Ganapathi Raman , Pandurengan Sakthivel , Thirumurugan Arun , Sagadevan Suresh
Published: August 2023

By slowly evaporating 4-bromo-2-methylbenzonitrile at room temperature, it was possible to make a single organic nonlinear optical crystal. The grown crystal's crystalline nature was verified, and the unit cell characteristics are provided as a = 4.08Å, b = 6.61 Å, c = 28.93Å, α = 90º, β = 90º, γ = 90º. The functional groups of the crystal produced were identified using the FTIR and FT-Raman spectra. The UV cutoff wavelength is found at 221.6 nm, and the transparency nature of the crystal was analyzed in the optical studies.  The band gap of the grown crystal was estimated using the Taucs’ plot. The violet and red emissions of photoluminescence are discussed. A high dielectric constant was received at a low frequency. The TG/DTA curve shows that the grown crystal was stable up to 125.59 ºC.  The Kurtz-Perry powder technique was applied to confirm the Second Harmonic Generation's (SHG) nature. By using the agar diffusion method, the antibacterial property of the grown 4B2MBN crystal was determined.
Latex Levels in Forage Exerted a Selective Pressure on Foregut Evolution in Herbivores
Authors: Rajan Vidya
Published: August 2023

In the struggle for survival, all organisms have evolved adaptations for protection from predation. Angiosperms are among the most abundant producers on the planet, but they are trapped in a precarious symbiosis with animals for pollination and fruit dispersal, while also having to deter herbivory. About 10% of all angiosperms produce the deterrent latex from ubiquitous isoprene precursors. Latex is an aqueous suspension of rubber particles and other compounds which works as an antifeedant by clogging chewing mouthparts and by coagulating into a solid in stomach acid. A survey of stomach pHs from various animals supports the hypothesis that foregut-fermenting ruminants have evolved the capacity to evade latex coagulation due to the presence of anterior digestive chambers with near-neutral to alkaline pH before it enters the acidic abomasum. Hindgut-fermenting animals lack this adaptation and have to eat forage which is low in latex, such as grasses. The latex-adaptive foregut browsers vs. latex-maladapted hindgut grazer hypothesis has implications for both livestock and zoo animals which may be provided with forage that is not optimal for their gut health. Further, ruminants and herbivorous tadpoles are at risk for damage by popular bioinsecticides such as Bt which are activated by alkaline gut pH.
Development Of Practicum Learning Models Assisted with Practice Guide Videos
Authors: Annis Kandriasari  , Yeni Yulianti  , Rina Febriana  , Mohd Nordin Rumaizah
Published: August 2023

This study aims to develop a practicum learning model assisted by a practicum guide video. The research method used is research and development using the Dick and Carey Educational Research and Development Step System Approach Model and the Bergman and Moore model. The results of the expert one-to-one evaluation, namely material experts, learning design, instructional media and language stated that the practicum model of learning assisted by the practicum guide video was feasible to use. One-to-one student is done by selecting three students whose results are feasible to use. The results of the small group evaluation with an average score of 4.58 for nine students are in the very good category, which can be interpreted as feasible to use; the results of field trials conducted on 30 students obtained 4.57 which can be interpreted as very good. Based on the findings, it can be stated that developing practicum learning model with the use of a practical guide video is feasible and may successfully improve students' knowledge and practice results while meeting the KKNI level 9 requirements.
Development of the Life Skills Learning Model for Elementary School students as Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile
Authors: Suriswo  , Aulia Fikri , Utami Wikan Budi
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the development of life skills of elementary school students in social science subjects through the development of life skills education. Learning Social Sciences Education certainly gets the spotlight related to the role of the teachers and the conditions of the students. The teacher still holds power in learning, while students can only follow all directions given by the teacher. As a result, students only memorize and do the teacher's orders. Conditions like this must be changed because it is in accordance with the changing times in the kurikulum merdeka. Learning Social Sciences in schools at various levels of educational development needs to be based on aspects of the curriculum, philosophy and learning theory, as well as various aspects in accordance with the nature of social studies education.. This study uses a research and development (R & D) approach that begins with a preliminary study, followed by limited trials and wider trials, and ends with model validation tests. Limited trials and wider trials which were carried out repeatedly at an elementary school in Tegal City and accompanied by revisions at each trial; and model validation tests were carried out at three elementary schools as the experimental group and three elementary schools as the control group without the presence of the researcher. The focus of development is social studies learning carried out by teachers of class V SD in Tegal City. Data were collected by interview, observation, questionnaire, and learning achievement tests. The model design test is carried out through limited trials and wider trials. Validation of the model design developed using a quasi-experimental design. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, and t-test statistical analysis. The results of the study show that the life skill learning model in social studies learning has improved learning outcomes and students' life skills so that the profile of Pancasila is strengthened.
Glenoid Bone Loss in Recurrent Shoulder Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Min Kyong S. , Horng Jonathan , Cruz Christian , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Patzkowski Jeanne
Published: August 2023

Background:

Glenoid bone loss has been reported to occur in as many as 86% of patients with recurrent shoulder stability. This systematic review evaluated the amount of glenoid bone loss associated with recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation and with worse patient-reported outcomes after arthroscopic Bankart repair. We hypothesized that the percentage of glenoid bone loss associated with recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair is lower than the previously proposed critical value of 25%.

Methods:

The systematic review included 528 patients with glenoid bone loss from 3 clinical studies. The percentage of bone loss was the value quantified and reported in each study. Failure was defined as recurrent dislocation or subluxation. The percentage of glenoid bone loss associated with recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation after arthroscopic Bankart labral repair was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:

Recurrent dislocation or subluxation occurred in 23.7% (125) of 528 patients in the pooled study cohort. There was a significant difference in age between those in whom the arthroscopic Bankart repair failed and those in whom it did not (22.9 versus 24.3 years; p = 0.009). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that ≥16.0% glenoid bone loss was predictive of recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation (Youden index = 0.59, sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 80%). In patients who did not sustain a recurrent dislocation or subluxation, the ROC curve analysis demonstrated that 20.0% glenoid bone loss was predictive of a Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score of <85% (Youden index = 0.93, sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 100%).

Conclusions:

The critical amount of glenoid bone loss associated with an increased risk of persistent instability was found to be less than previously reported. Glenoid bone loss of ≥16.0% was found to place patients at higher risk for recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation after treatment with arthroscopic Bankart repair alone.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Konsep Tauhid dalam Kitab ‘AqῙdatul ‘AwᾹm Karya Syekh Sayid Ahmad Al-Marzuqi serta Relevansinya dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Fitroh Lailatul , Choiri Miftachul
Published: August 2023

Tauhid adalah bagian dari rukun iman. Rukun iman adalah salah satu pondasi yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap orang yang beragama islam. Dalam memberikan pelajaran tauhid kepada setiap orang islam terdapat salah satu referensi yang dapat dijadikan sumber, yaitu Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm. Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm  berisi tentang iman kepada Allah, iamn kepada Malaikat-Malaikat Allah, iman kepada Rasul Allah, iman kepada Kitab-Kitab Allah, iman kepada hari akhir dan iman kepada sifat bagi Allah. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti ingin melihat relevansi antara Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui KonsepTauhid dalam Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm serta relevansinya dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: (1) Untuk mengetahui Konsep Tauhid dalam Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm karya Syekh Sayyid Ahmad Al-Marzuqi. (2) Untuk mengetahui relevansi konsep tauhid dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm dengan mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Library Research atau penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan literatur(kepustakaan), baik berupa buku, catatan, maupun laporan hasil penelitian dari penelitian terdahulu. Adapun analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari data primer dan dara sekunder. Adapun data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm. sedangkan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber data tambahan yang menurut peneliti menunjang data pokok. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa: Konsep Tauhid dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm yaitu  5 rukun iman dan 20 sifat wajib bagi Allah SWT. Rukun iman  yang terdapat dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm adalah  iman kepada Allah SWT, Iman kepada Malaikat-Malaikat Allah SWT, Iman kepada Rasul Allah SWT, Iman kepada Kitab-kitab Allah SWT, Iman kepada Hari Akhir, dan  sifat wajib bagi Allah SWT. Sedangkan dalam mata pelajaran akidah akhlak kelas 3 yaitu bab meneladani malaikat Allah dan tugasnya, Iman adanya surga dan neraka, dan Bab Asma’ul Husna, diantaranya yaitu Ar-Razzaq, Al-Wahhab, Al-Khabῑr dan Al-‘Adhῑm. Relevansi dalam konsep tauhid yang ada dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di MI, Yaitu beberapa sifat wajib bagi Allah SWT dan Beriman kepada malaikat dan sifat-sifatnya
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual dalam Meningkatkan Proses dan Hasil Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Kelas 4 MI Ma’arif Polorejo Babadan Ponorogo
Authors: Vicky Fitriani Herdiana  , Muafiah Evi
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui pelaksanaan model pembelajaran kontekstual pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas 4 MI Ma’arif Polorejo, (2) Mengetahui penggunaan model pembelajaran kontekstual dalam meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas 4 MI Ma’arif Polorejo. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas Kemmis&MCTaggart. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus, yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Setiap siklusnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Model pembelajaran kontekstual dapat meningkatkan proses belajar belajar siswa. Hal ini diketahui dari hasil observasi pemahaman konsep belajar siswa. Pada tahap pra siklus persentase pemahaman konsep siswa sebesar 60,74% meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 84,6% kemudian mengalami peningkatan lagi pada siklus II sebesar 86,9%. (2) Model pembelajaran kontekstual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hal tersebut diketahui dari adanya peningkatan hasil belajar pada setiap siklusnya. Pada tahap pra siklus nilai hasil belajar yang berada dalam kategori tuntas sebesar 19,3% kemudian mengalami peningkatan menjadi 35% pada siklus I, kemudian mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan menjadi 88,5% pada siklus II dari total jumlah siswa di kelas. Maka dengan demikian penerapan atau implementasi model pembelajaran kontekstual terbukti dapat meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar siswa.
Invariant manifold based nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for systems with multi-source disturbances via output-feedback
Authors: Chen Yunjun , You Rui , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes an invariant manifold based nonsingular terminal sliding mode control approach for systems subject to multi-source disturbances to achieve finite-time tracking in the case of only output measurement. By utilizing the invariant manifold, the mismatched disturbances are transferred into the lumped matched disturbance. A universal finite-time observer is designed to estimate the errors between actual states and their desired values, the steady-state of the control input as well as the lumped disturbance. Introducing the estimations, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is constructed. Based on Lyapunov’s theory, the rigorous stability analysis for the closed-loop system is given. Compared with the existing output-feedback sliding mode control, the proposed approach enables finite-time tracking in the presence of unknown derivatives of the reference signal and multi-source disturbances without requiring additional tracking differentiators. The proposed approach is applied to the DC-DC buck converter system, and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
How is ethnicity reported, described, and analysed in health research in the UK? A bibliographical review and focus group discussions with young refugees
Authors: Lam Joseph , Aldridge Robert , Blackburn Ruth , Harron Katie
Published: August 2023

Background
The ethnicity data gap pertains to 3 major challenges to address ethnic health inequality: 1) Under-representation of ethnic minorities in research; 2) Poor data quality on ethnicity; 3) Ethnicity data not being meaningfully analysed. These challenges are especially relevant for research involving under-served migrant populations in the UK. We aimed to review how ethnicity is captured, reported, analysed and theorised within policy-relevant research on ethnic health inequities.
Methods
We reviewed a selection of the 1% most highly cited population health papers that reported UK data on ethnicity, and extracted how ethnicity was recorded and analysed in relation to health outcomes. We focused on how ethnicity was obtained (i.e. self reported or not), how ethnic groups were categorised, whether justification was provided for any categorisation, and how ethnicity was theorised to be related to health.
We held three 1-hour-long guided focus groups with 10 young people from Nigeria, Turkistan, Arab, Yemen and Iran. This engagement helped us shape and interpret our findings, and reflect on
1) How should ethnicity be asked inclusively, and better recorded?
2) Does self-defined ethnicity change over time or context? If so, why?
Results:
Of the 44 included papers, the majority (19; 43%) used self-reported ethnicity, categorised in a variety of ways. Of the 27 papers that aggregated ethnicity, 13 (48%) provided justification. Only 8 of 44 papers explicitly theorised how ethnicity related to health.
The focus groups agreed that 1) Ethnicity should not be prescribed by others; individuals could be asked to describe their ethnicity in free-text which researchers could synthesise to extract relevant dimensions of ethnicity for their research; 2) Ethnicity changes over time and context according to personal experience, social pressure, and nationality change; 3) Migrants and non-migrants’ lived experience of ethnicity is not fully inter-changeable, even if they share the same ethnic category.
Conclusions:
Ethnicity is a multi-dimensional construct, but this is not currently reflected in UK health research studies, where ethnicity is often aggregated and analysed without justification. Researchers should communicate clearly how ethnicity is operationalised for their study, with appropriate justification for clustering and analysis that is meaningfully theorised. We can only start to tackle ethnic health inequity by treating ethnicity as rigorously as any other variables in our research.
Socioeconomic and academic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students from the university of Rwanda
Authors: Ndamukunda Olga Nadege Uwera , Mutuyimana Marie Therese , Umubano Fabiola , Tuyishime Eugene
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of university students in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the socioeconomic and academic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students studying at the University of Rwanda, and the lessons learnt from the pandemic.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. An online survey using google form was sent to medical students in clinical training (year 3 till year 5) through snowball sampling method. We collected data on participants’ demographics, general knowledge on COVID-19 pandemic and perception on mitigation measures, and socio-economic and academic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used in excel 2015 software to calculate participants’ responses and categorical data were presented using frequencies and percentages.
Results
A total 187 participants completed the survey. Most participants described disruption in routine activities (72.7%), reduced travelling (69%), church closing (64.2%), and loss of freedom (57.2%) as examples of negative social impact. While financial uncertainty (64.7%), decrease in income (49.7%), and increase in poverty rate (42.2%) were the main economic impact. Issues with academic progress (95.7%), limited social life (56.1%), and repeating the year (42.8%) were examples of negative academic impact.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the COVID-19 had a negative social, economic, and academic impact on medical students at the University of Rwanda. These finding may guide the design of interventions to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and to protect medical students against future pandemics and crises.