bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discordance among patient preferences, caregiver preferences, and caregiver predictions of patient preferences regarding disclosure of terminal status and end‐of‐life choices
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Cho Juhee , Kim So Young , Chung Ik Joo , Kim Sam Soo , Yang Hyung Kook , Ahn Eunmi , Park Bo Ram , Seo Hongwan , Park Jong‐Hyock
Published: August 2014

Background

The complexity of end‐of‐life (EOL) communication in cancer care is often increased by family caregivers, who frequently affect the information and decision‐making process. We assessed cancer patient preferences (PP), family caregiver preferences (FCP), and family caregiver predictions of patient preferences (FCPPP) regarding the disclosure of terminal status, family involvement in the disclosure process, and EOL choices, and we evaluated the concordances among them.

Methods

A national, multicenter, cross‐sectional survey of 990 patient‐caregiver dyads (participation rate = 76.2%) was performed. A set of paired questionnaires was independently administered to patients and their caregivers.

Results

While patients and family caregivers had wide spectra of preferences, patients significantly preferred disclosure, direct disclosure by a physician, and palliative care options (all P < 0.001). Family caregiver predictions were similar to PP with regard to terminal disclosure (P = 0.35) but significantly different with regard to family involvement in the disclosure process and EOL choices (P < 0.001). The concordances of PP and FCP (κ = 0.08–0.13), and those of PP and FCPPP (κ = 0.09–0.17), were poor. The concordances of FCP and FCPPP were fair to moderate (κ = 0.35–0.67). Discrepancies between PP and FCP and between PP and FCPPP were associated with dysfunctional family communication.

Conclusions

Family caregivers do not generally concur with patients in their preferences, nor do they reliably predict PP. Open dialogue between patient and family caregivers would reduce the discrepancy. More emphasis on incorporating family caregivers in EOL communication is needed from clinical, research, and training perspectives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activities and membrane‐active mechanism of CPF‐C1 against multidrug‐resistant bacteria, a novel antimicrobial peptide derived from skin secretions of the tetraploid frog Xenopus clivii
Authors: Xie Junqiu , Gou Yuanmei , Zhao Qian , Wang Kairong , Yang Xiongli , Yan Jiexi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Bangzhi , Ma Chi , Wang Rui
Published: August 2014

Hospital‐acquired infections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria pose significant challenges for treatment, which necessitate the development of new antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are considered potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. The skin of Anurans (frogs and toads) amphibians is an extraordinarily rich source of antimicrobial peptides. CPF‐C1 is a typical cationic antimicrobial peptide that was originally isolated from the tetraploid frog Xenopus clivii. Our results showed that CPF‐C1 has potent antimicrobial activity against both sensitive and multidrug‐resistant bacteria. It disrupted the outer and inner membranes of bacterial cells. CPF‐C1 induced both propidium iodide uptake into the bacterial cell and the leakage of calcein from large liposome vesicles, which suggests a mode of action that involves membrane disturbance. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy verified the morphologic changes of CPF‐C1‐treated bacterial cells and large liposome vesicles. The membrane‐dependent mode of action signifies that the CPF‐C1 peptide functions freely and without regard to conventional resistant mechanisms. Additionally, it is difficult for bacteria to develop resistance against CPF‐C1 under this action mode. Other studies indicated that CPF‐C1 had low cytotoxicity against mammalian cell. In conclusion, considering the increase in multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections, CPF‐C1 may offer a new strategy that can be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass Dispersal of Terrestrial Organisms During First Flush Events in a Temporary Stream
Authors: Rosado J. , Morais M. , Tockner K.
Published: August 2014

Temporary streams expand and contract seasonally, forming a complex mosaic of aquatic, amphibic and terrestrial habitats. We studied the terrestrial arthropod fauna at the surface of the dry river bed as well as the fauna of Coarse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM) deposits 0, 5 and 10 days after first flush events (years 2004–2006) along the Pardiela stream (SE Portugal). During the dry period, large amounts of organic material accumulated at the surface of the dry bed, colonized by abundant terrestrial arthropods (mean density: 13.3 ± 15.29 Ind g DM (Dry Mass of CPOM)). Arthropod density peaked in fresh flood deposits (mean density: 35.8 ± 33.4 Ind g DM), and subsequently decreased within time. Concurrently, the relative composition of the arthropod community changed from Day 0 to Day 10. The present results demonstrated that the dry bed of temporary streams served as a major habitat for terrestrial arthropods. During the first flush events, a mass dispersal of terrestrial arthropods, rafting on floating CPOM, occurred, subsequently forming distinct deposits along the channel margin. These deposits may constitute critical habitats, refugia and food resources for local and regional terrestrial arthropod assemblages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Stream Temperature Response to Non‐Uniform Groundwater Discharge in a Danish Lowland Stream
Authors: Matheswaran K. , Blemmer M. , Thorn P. , Rosbjerg D. , Boegh E.
Published: August 2014

Non‐uniform groundwater discharge into streams influences temperature, a vital stream physical property recognized for its dominant controls on biological processes in lotic habitats at multiple scales. Understanding such spatially heterogeneous processes and their effects is difficult on the basis of stream temperature models often calibrated with discrete temperature measurements. This study focused on examining the effect of groundwater discharge on stream temperature using a physically based stream temperature model calibrated on spatially rich high‐resolution temperature measurements. A distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system with a 1.8‐km fibre optic cable was used to collect temperature measurements for every 1 m of the reach length at 3‐min temporal resolution in the stream Elverdamsåen. The groundwater inflow locations identified using DTS data and 24‐h temperature measurements (14:00 h 6 May 2011 to 14:00 h 7 May 2011) were used for further calibration of the stream temperature model. With 19 inflow locations, the model simulated temperature trends closely mirroring the observed DTS profile with a root mean square error of 0.85 °C. The aggregation of inflows at specific locations forced the model to simulate stepwise inflow signals and small change in downstream temperature. In turn, the DTS data exemplified spiked signals with no change in downstream temperature, a typical characteristic of lowland streams. In spite of the difference in modelled and measured inflow signals, the results indicate that the represented groundwater inflows imperatively controlled the spatial variations of temperature within the study reach, creating three unique thermal zones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Drought on Diatom Communities and the Consequences for the use of Diatom Index Values in the River Maureillas (Pyrénées‐Orientales, France)
Authors: Barthès A. , Leflaive J. , Coulon S. , Peres F. , Rols J.‐L. , Ten‐Hage L.
Published: August 2014

In the context of climate change, with an increase in the incidence of seasonally dry streambeds, we examined the impact of drought, and its duration, on the structure of diatom communities and the consequences of this on diatom index values (Biological Diatom Index; Specific Polluosensitivity Index) in the Mediterranean river Maureillas. The effects of several durations of droughts or low flow events (1, 2 and 4 weeks) on diatom‐dominated biofilms were studied by removing pebbles from the river and comparing the growing communities after rewetting with those of control biofilms (pebbles left in the streambed) and with those of newly formed biofilms (cleaned‐up pebbles). Sampling was performed six times during the 28‐day rewetting phase. We determined the specific composition of diatom communities, the mortality rate after rewetting, and the Biological Diatom Index and Specific Polluosensitivity Index scores for each sample, distinguishing between potentially living diatoms (full frustules with chloroplasts) and dead diatoms (empty frustules). Our results showed a notable and durable impact of even short drought on diatom communities. The different trajectories of biofilm communities observed between the types of pebbles showed the importance of the biofilm history for the community structure. This should be taken into account to improve the sampling practices used for monitoring. We also observed a stable mortality rate whatever the drought duration was. Diatom index values were stable despite the observed impact of treatment on diatom communities. These results emphasize the reliability of the diatom index to evaluate biological quality according to European requirements. In addition, the distinction of empty and full frustules did not induce significant differences, but it may reduce biases in interpretation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic measurements of Li depth profiles in a Li‐ion battery system under charging condition by means of ERD and RBS techniques
Authors: Tsuchiya Bun , Morita Kenji , Nagata Shinji , Kato Takehisa , Iriyama Yasutoshi , Tsuchida Hidetsugu , Majima Takuya
Published: August 2014

Depth profiles of Li in a Li‐ion battery system of Au/LiCoO2/LATP/Pt (LATP:Li1+X+YAlYTi2−YGeXP3−XO12) have been in situ measured at several stages of charging by means of the elastic recoil detection (ERD) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) techniques with 9 MeV O4+ ion beam. The thicknesses of LiCoO2 and Au are estimated from the RBS spectrum for the as‐received specimen to be 190 and 27 nm, respectively. From the ERD spectrum, it is also found that there exists impurity hydrogen of ~5% in LiCoO2. Moreover, it is found from the ERD data analysis after the first charging of 0.48 × 1016 e/cm2 to Au electrode that the fractional concentration of Li in LiCoO2 at the interface with Au electrode steeply decreases to 0.8, recovers with depth toward the interface with LATP and attains at 1.3 above the original value. With increasing the amount of charge supplied, the slope in the Li composition from Au electrode to LATP increases gradually. The data on the charging is concluded to include the irradiation effects due to the incident O ions, since the data on a non‐irradiated part of the specimen obtained after finish of the charging shows that Li is almost completely reduced from LiCoO2. The dynamics of Li composition in LiCoO2 as a function of charging supplied is discussed in connection with hydrogen impurity and irradiation effect of the incident O ions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIRT1 Directly Regulates SOX2 to Maintain Self-Renewal and Multipotency in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Yoon Dong Suk , Choi Yoorim , Jang Yeonsue , Lee Moses , Choi Woo Jin , Kim Sung-Hwan , Lee Jin Woo
Published: August 2014

SOX2 is crucial for the maintenance of the self-renewal capacity and multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, the mechanism by which SOX2 is regulated remains unclear. Here, we report that RNA interference of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in human bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs leads to a decrease of SOX2 protein, resulting in the deterioration of the self-renewal and differentiation capacities of BM-MSCs. Using immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated direct binding between SIRT1 and SOX2 in HeLa cells overexpressing SOX2. We further discovered that the RNA interference of SIRT1 induces the acetylation, nuclear export, and ubiquitination of SOX2, leading to proteasomal degradation in BM-MSCs. SOX2 suppression by trichostatin A (TSA), a known histone deacetylase inhibitor, was reverted by treatment with resveratrol (0.1 and 1 µM), a known activator of SIRT1 in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, 0.1 and 1 µM resveratrol reduced TSA-mediated acetylation and ubiquitination of SOX2 in BM-MSCs. SIRT1 activation by resveratrol enhanced the colony-forming ability and differentiation potential to osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in a dose-dependent manner. However, the enhancement of self-renewal and multipotency by resveratrol was significantly decreased to basal levels by RNA interference of SOX2. These results strongly suggest that the SIRT1-SOX2 axis plays an important role in maintaining the self-renewal capability and multipotency of BM-MSCs. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for positive SOX2 regulation by post-translational modification in BM-MSCs through the inhibition of nuclear export and subsequent ubiquitination, and demonstrate that SIRT1-mediated deacetylation contributes to maintaining SOX2 protein in the nucleus. Stem Cells  2014;32:3219–3231
Transaction Cost
Authors: Suematsu Chihiro
Published: August 2014

The notion of a transaction cost has been receiving attention, and studies in the field have produced two Nobel Prize winners in economics.
Module and Interface
Authors: Suematsu Chihiro
Published: August 2014

The goal of this chapter is to analyze and to deepen comprehension of a notion of modularity from the perspective of interfaces. It will show how the design and management methodologies of modules become established by clarifying that modularity is a structure defined by interfaces and by applying the design and management methodologies of interfaces.
S‐1 vs. Gemcitabine as an Adjuvant Therapy after Surgical Resection for Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Okabayashi Takehiro , Shima Yasuo , Iwata Jun , Morita Sojiro , Sumiyoshi Tatsuaki , Kozuki Akihito , Tokumaru Teppei , Iiyama Tatsuo , Kosaki Takuhiro , Kobayashi Michiya , Hanazaki Kazuhiro
Published: August 2014

Background

Pancreatectomy with regional lymphadenectomy remains the only curative treatment option for pancreatic cancer. There is no clear consensus on what type of adjuvant therapy should be used for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective

Our objective was to retrospectively evaluate whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using S‐1 is clinically beneficial in managing resectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods

Patients were divided into three groups: those undergoing surgery alone, those receiving gemcitabine infusion, and those receiving S‐1 orally.

Results

Of 189 studied patients, the median overall survival was 15.0 months after surgery alone, 33.0 months in the gemcitabine group, and 45.0 months in patients receiving S‐1. A multivariate analysis identified regional lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margins, and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy as independent negative prognostic factors. S‐1 was not inferior to gemcitabine in terms of survival outcomes and showed a favorable hazard ratio compared with gemcitabine in the subsets of patients with positive vascular invasion.

Conclusions

There was no difference between adjuvant chemotherapy with S‐1 and gemcitabine in overall survival for patients with curative pancreatic cancer. Our results suggested that S‐1 can be used as a second agent to gemcitabine after surgical resection for ordinary adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
Measurement properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in Italian medical students
Authors: Leombruni Paolo , Di Lillo Mariangela , Miniotti Marco , Picardi Angelo , Alessandri Guido , Chiara Sica Chiara , Zizzi Francesca , Castelli Lorys , Torta Riccardo
Published: August 2014

Medical educators agree that empathy is essential for physicians’ professionalism and most studies on the patient-physician relationship demonstrate that this attitude has a key role in improving clinical outcomes. Literature findings show conflicting views in defining and measuring empathy. Nevertheless, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) is a psychometric tool now widely used. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine psychometrics and confirm factor structure of the Italian version of the JSE in Italian medical students (JSE S-Version). During 2012, 257 second-year Italian medical students completed the JSE S-Version. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure. The Italian JSE S-Version showed an acceptable internal consistency (r = 0.76) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.72). Confirmatory factor analysis found that the factor structure proposed by the developers of the tool provides an acceptable data fit. In this sample, female medical students showed a higher mean empathy score than did males. The present study provides evidence confirming the structural validity and reliability for the Italian JSE S-Version. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore cross-cultural differences and their implications.
Multimorbidity and Our Healthcare System
Authors: Glouberman Sholom
Published: August 2014

The early healthcare system responded to widespread acute, infectious diseases; but today the challenge is non-communicable diseases—many of which are multiple long-term conditions. How can patients and their families in partnership with providers manage their conditions so as to avert unnecessary hospital stays? The expressed needs of patients and families demonstrate the need for increased community support services and better communication through information technology, amongst other solutions.
Integration: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Eliasoph Hy
Published: August 2014

The complex integration journey in Ontario and the Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) role in guiding this journey is described through politically correct and politically naive lenses. The limits and successes of the current LHIN model and its evolution are described, opportunities to improve its effectiveness are articulated, and the compelling case for LHIN 3.0 is offered.
Orbit growth for algebraic flip systems
Authors: MILES RICHARD
Published: August 2014

An algebraic flip system is an action of the infinite dihedral group by automorphisms of a compact abelian group $X$. In this paper, a fundamental structure theorem is established for irreducible algebraic flip systems, that is, systems for which the only closed invariant subgroups of $X$ are finite. Using irreducible systems as a foundation, for expansive algebraic flip systems, periodic point counting estimates are obtained that lead to the orbit growth estimate $$\begin{eqnarray}Ae^{hN}\leqslant {\it\pi}(N)\leqslant Be^{hN},\end{eqnarray}$$ where ${\it\pi}(N)$ denotes the number of orbits of length at most $N$, $A$ and $B$ are positive constants and $h$ is the topological entropy.
Symplectic periodic flows with exactly three equilibrium points
Authors: JANG DONGHOON
Published: August 2014

Let the circle act symplectically on a compact, connected symplectic manifold $M$. If there are exactly three fixed points, $M$ is equivariantly symplectomorphic to $\mathbb{CP}^{2}$.
Effects of a Brief Interest Inventory Intervention on Career Decision Self-Efficacy
Authors: Işık Erkan
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a brief interest inventory intervention on career decision self-efficacy in an undergraduate sample. A pretest-posttest equivalent group design compared students who completed an interest inventory and participated in two sessions of its interpretation, students who only completed an interest inventory, and students who received no career intervention. Participants completed the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale — Short Form before and at the end of the intervention. The results indicated that both experimental groups had significant gains on career decision self-efficacy, whereas no significant gains were observed for the control group. Although both treatment conditions were effective, the feedback group appeared to be more powerful in increasing career decision self-efficacy. By participating in a feedback group and completing the activities in their interest profiles, a client had the opportunity to be actively involved in his/her own career process instead of passively completing an inventory and receiving no feedback. As well, clients had the opportunity to check the interpretations of their profile and share their results with other clients having similar career difficulties.
Corporate performance drivers in vertical downstream alliance portfolios: The Korean defense industry
Authors: Kim Ho-Sung , Choi Sun-Young
Published: August 2014

In this study, we examine the impact of portfolio configuration on corporate performance in a technological vertical downstream alliance portfolio. First, we explore whether differences in characteristics such as innovativeness, reputation, and bargaining power between a focal firm and its partners affect corporate performance. Second, considering these differences between a focal firm and its partners, we analyze whether an alliance portfolio structure spanning structural holes or a densely embedded network is preferable. We examine 44 leading Korean defense firms over the period 1995–2010 using the two-step generalized method of moments. Our principal arguments emphasize that differences between a focal firm and its partners (in terms of innovativeness, reputation, and bargaining power) affect corporate performance differently. This concept contrasts that of previous studies, which argued that allying with dominant partners is generally better. The arguments also emphasize that the alliance portfolio structure should differ depending on the differences in terms of the three capabilities between a focal firm and its corporate partners.
Strategic collaboration of R&D entities for technology convergence: Exploring organizational differences within the triple helix
Authors: Jeong Seongkyoon
Published: August 2014

Based on a contextual framework of the organizational differences between types of research and development entities, this study examines how organizational contexts affect the advent of technology convergence. It demonstrates the effects of research and development entity types and alliances using the multi-assignation analysis of technology domains and rich data on government-supported research and development programs in South Korea. The findings show that technology convergence is likely to occur when a university develops technology alone or in collaboration with another research and development actor. These results reflect the important role of incentive structure and collaboration strategies in increasing the development of converging technologies.
Making strategy work: The role of the middle manager
Authors: Jansen Van Rensburg Mari , Davis Annemarie , Venter Peet
Published: August 2014

In recognition of middle managers as influential strategists we collected 654 responses from South African middle managers detailing their spontaneous and unguided descriptions of their strategic roles in the organisation they represent. The results show that middle managers generally associate their strategic role strongly with the traditional perspectives on the roles as implementers of strategies and communicators linking their subordinates and higher levels of management. We add the roles of ‘advocacy’ and ‘improving operational performance’ to the conventional elements of strategy implementation, and the roles of ‘managing performance’ and ‘driving compliance’ to the role of downward influence. Focus group discussions contextualised and authenticated these roles within the South African private and public sectors.
Low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular and total mortality in Japanese: a 29-year follow-up of NIPPON DATA80
Authors: Nakamura Yasuyuki , Okuda Nagako , Okamura Tomonori , Kadota Aya , Miyagawa Naoko , Hayakawa Takehito , Kita Yoshikuni , Fujiyoshi Akira , Nagai Masato , Takashima Naoyuki , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Miura Katsuyuki , Okayama Akira , Ueshima Hirotsugu ,   for the NIPPON DATA Research Group
Published: August 2014

Long-term safety of consuming low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) in Asian populations, whose carbohydrate intake is relatively high, is not known. In the present study, the association of LCD with CVD and total mortality was assessed using data obtained in the NIPPON DATA80 (National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged 1980) during 29 years of follow-up. At baseline in 1980, data were collected from study participants aged ≥ 30 years from randomly selected areas in Japan. LCD scores were calculated based on the percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat and protein, estimated by 3 d weighed food records. A total of 9200 participants (56 % women, mean age 51 years) were followed up. During the follow-up, 1171 CVD deaths (52 % in women) and 3443 total deaths (48 % in women) occurred. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVD mortality using the Cox model comparing the highest v. lowest deciles of LCD score was 0·60 (95 % CI 0·38, 0·94; Ptrend= 0·021) for women and 0·78 (95 % CI 0·58, 1·05; Ptrend= 0·079) for women and men combined; the HR for total mortality was 0·74 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·95; Ptrend= 0·029) for women and 0·87 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·02; Ptrend= 0·090) for women and men combined. None of the associations was statistically significant in men. No differential effects of animal-based and plant–fish-based LCD were observed. In conclusions, moderate diets lower in carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat are significantly inversely associated with CVD and total mortality in women.
Canadian Public Opinion about the Military: Assessing the Influences on Attitudes toward Defence Spending and Participation in Overseas Combat Operations
Authors: Fitzsimmons Scott , Craigie Allan , Bodet Marc André
Published: August 2014

Despite more than a decade of heightened defence spending and active fighting in the War in Afghanistan, the longest combat operation in the history of the Canadian Forces, scholars know precious little about how the socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes of Canadians may influence their views about taking part in overseas combat operations and funding the institution charged with carrying out these dangerous activities. By testing a range of hypotheses, which purport to explain the influence of multiple socio-demographic and attitudinal factors on Canadians' attitudes toward defence spending and the participation of the Canadian Forces in overseas combat operations, against data from the 2004 and 2011 Canadian Election Study, this article ascertains the most important determinants of Canadians' preferences about defence spending and the use of military force by the Government of Canada.
High fungal selectivity for algal symbionts in the genusBryoria
Authors: LINDGREN Hanna , VELMALA Saara , HÖGNABBA Filip , GOWARD Trevor , HOLIEN Håkon , MYLLYS Leena
Published: August 2014

In this study we examined photobiont identity, diversity and selectivity in the genusBryoria. We focused onB. fremontiiand sectionImplexaein order to determine whether secondary chemistry is correlated with photobiont identity. DNA from two loci for photobionts and three loci for mycobionts was sequenced for both parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. A comparison of photobiont and mycobiont phylogenies reveals that mostBryoriaspecies associate exclusively with lineages of theTrebouxia simplexgroup; onlyB. smithiiwas associated with a different photobiont. We conclude that mostBryoriaspecies included in our study are highly selective in their choice of algal partners and that the presence/concentration of different secondary compounds does not correlate with photobiont identity either in sectionImplexaeor inB. fremontii.
Patagonema iubatum gen. nov. and sp. nov. (Nematoda,
Oncholaimidae, Octonchinae) from Patagonia sandy beach
(Argentina)
Authors: Pastor De Ward Catalina T. , Lo Russo Virginia , Villares Gabriela
Published: August 2014

Patagonema iubatum gen. nov. sp. nov. is described from a
sandy beach at Playa Pozo, Golfo Nuevo, Argentina. It resembles
Oncholaimidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) and it is characterized by a buccal
cavity comprising a combination of three teeth and three mandibular ridges
with small teeth. The new genus is also characterized by the presence of
papillose pre-cloacal supplements, cephalated spicula and a gubernaculum
with dorsal apophysis and lateral piece, and a new demanian system
configuration. Patagonema iubatum sp. nov. has 9–11
papillae-like pre-cloacal supplements, short and cephalated spicula and a
gubernaculum with dorsal apophysis and pointed lateral piece. Its position
inside Oncholaimidae is discussed.
Prevalence, impact and cultural context of psychotic experiences among ethnic minority youth
Authors: Adriaanse M. , van Domburgh L. , Hoek H. W. , Susser E. , Doreleijers T. A. H. , Veling W.
Published: August 2014

Background

The risk for psychotic disorders is increased for many ethnic minority groups and may develop in early childhood. This study investigated whether the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PE) with high impact is higher among ethnic minority youth compared to majority youth and examined the significance of these PE.

Method

A school-based study assessed a large community sample of 1545 ethnic minority and majority children in The Netherlands (mean age 12.98 ± 1.81 years). The Dutch (n = 702, 45.4%), Moroccan-Dutch (n = 400, 25.9%) and Turkish-Dutch (n = 170, 11.0%) ethnic groups could be studied separately. Self-report questionnaires on PE, impact and cultural context were administered.

Results

Prevalence of PE with high impact was 3.1% in Dutch, 9.5% in Moroccan-Dutch and 7.1% in Turkish-Dutch youth. Compared to Dutch youth, odds ratios were 3.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–5.1] for Moroccan-Dutch youth and 2.2 (95% CI 1.1–4.6) for Turkish-Dutch youth. Differences were not explained by cultural or religious differences.

Conclusions

The increased risk for psychotic disorders in ethnic minorities may already be detectable in childhood, since PE with high impact were more common among ethnic minority youth compared to majority youth. The additional measurement of impact of PE appears to be a valid approach to identify those children at risk to develop psychotic or other more common psychiatric disorders.
Robotics Agent Coacher for CP motor Function (RAC CP Fun)
Authors: Fridin Marina , Belokopytov Mark
Published: August 2014

Robotics Agent Coacher for Cerebral Palsy motor Function (RAC CP Fun) is an attempt to implement socially assistive robotics, and a motor learning approach in rehabilitating movement disorders with a central origin. The concept and architecture of RAC CP Fun implements the motor learning theory and behavioral approach, i.e. principles of repetition, stages of learning, appropriate feedback, random practice, and enriched environments. Eleven children with cerebral palsy (CP) and fourteen typically developed (TD) children participated in two procedures while interacting with a robot and performing motor exercises. The interaction level and motor performance of children were measured and compared. Children with CP exhibited a higher interaction level; however, their motor performance was lower than that of TD children. RAC CP Fun was found to be feasible to interact with children of pre-school age, to augment the motivation of the children with CP, and to involve the children in motor exercises.
Implementation of Mental Health Huddles on Dementia Care Units
Authors: Wagner Laura M. , Huijbregts Maria , Sokoloff Lisa G. , Wisniewski Renee , Walsh Leenah , Feldman Sid , Conn David K.
Published: August 2014

Les comportements réactifs sont communs chez les résidents des unités de soins de longue durée (SLD), mais le personnel en soins directs reçoit peu de formation, de support ou d’opportunités de discuter et de collaborer pour gérer ces comportements. Pour ce projet de recherche-action participative, nous avons utilisé la technique du caucus de santé mentale pour faciliter la discussion et la gestion des comportements réactifs. Nous avons impliqué des membres du personnel en soins directs (p. ex., travailleurs de soutien personnel, infirmières autorisées et auxiliaires autorisées, personnel d’entretient) dans l’apprentissage de l’utilisation des caucus. Ces caucus ont servi de forums pour informer le personnel, résoudre des problèmes et développer des plans d’action centrés sur le client. Cinquante-six caucus ont eu lieu sur une période de 12 semaines, chacun impliquant de deux à sept membres du personnel en soins directs. Des groupes de discussion auxquels ont pris part nos participants ont indiqué une amélioration de la collaboration, du travail d’équipe, du support et de la communication au sein du personnel lors de la discussion de comportements réactifs spécifiques. Les caucus de santé mentale ont offert au personnel en SLD l’opportunité de collaborer et d’aborder des stratégies pour optimiser les soins du client. Des études supplémentaires sur l’impact des caucus sur les soins du client sont nécessaires.
Correlates of self-reported dietary cruciferous vegetable intake and urinary isothiocyanate from two cohorts in China
Authors: Vogtmann Emily , Yang Gong , Li Hong-Lan , Wang Jing , Han Li-Hua , Wu Qi-Jun , Xie Li , Cai Quiyin , Li Guo-Liang , Waterbor John W , Levitan Emily B , Zhang Bin , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Wei , Xiang Yong-Bing , Shu Xiao-Ou
Published: August 2014

Objective

To assess correlations between cruciferous vegetable intake and urinary isothiocyanate (ITC) level, in addition to glutathione S-transferase (GST) genotypes and other individual factors.

Design

The study included cohort participants whose urinary ITC levels had been previously ascertained. Urinary ITC was assessed using HPLC. Usual dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables was assessed using a validated FFQ and total dietary ITC intake was calculated. Recent cruciferous vegetable intake was determined. GST genotypes were assessed using duplex real-time quantitative PCR assays. Spearman correlations were calculated between the covariates and urinary ITC levels and linear regression analyses were used to calculate the mean urinary ITC excretion according to GST genotype.

Setting

Urban city in China.

Subjects

The study included 3589 women and 1015 men from the Shanghai Women’s and Men’s Health Studies.

Results

Median urinary ITC level was 1·61 nmol/mg creatinine. Self-reported usual cruciferous vegetable intake was weakly correlated with urinary ITC level (rs=0·1149; P<0·0001), while self-reported recent intake was more strongly correlated with urinary ITC (rs=0·2591; P<0·0001). Overall, the GST genotypes were not associated with urinary ITC level, but significant differences according to genotype were observed among current smokers and participants who provided an afternoon urine sample. Other factors, including previous gastrectomy or gastritis, were also related to urinary ITC level.

Conclusions

The study suggests that urinary secretion of ITC may provide additional information on cruciferous vegetable intake and that GST genotypes are related to urinary ITC level only in some subgroups.
A NOTE ON AXISYMMETRIC SUPERCRITICAL CONING IN A POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: HOCKING G. C. , ZHANG H.
Published: August 2014

The steady response of a fluid with two layers of different density in a porous medium is considered during extraction through a point sink. Supercritical withdrawal in which both layers are being withdrawn is investigated using a spectral method. We show that for each withdrawal rate, there is a single entry angle of the interface into the point sink. As the flow rate decreases the angle of entry steepens until it becomes almost vertical, at which point the method fails. This limit is shown to correspond to the upper bound on sub-critical (single-layer) flow.
SUR LE COMPTAGE DES FIBRÉS DE HITCHIN NILPOTENTS
Authors: Chaudouard Pierre-Henri , Laumon Gérard
Published: August 2014

Cet article est une contribution à la fois au calcul du nombre de fibrés de Hitchin sur une courbe projective et à l’explicitation de la partie nilpotente de la formule des traces d’Arthur-Selberg pour une fonction test très simple. Le lien entre les deux questions a été établi dans [Chaudouard, Sur le comptage des fibrés de Hitchin. À paraître aux actes de la conférence en l’honneur de Gérard Laumon]. On décompose cette partie nilpotente en une somme d’intégrales adéliques indexées par les orbites nilpotentes. Pour les orbites de type «régulières par blocs», on explicite complètement ces intégrales en termes de la fonction zêta de la courbe.
Magnetic Fields in Stars: Origin and Impact
Authors: Langer N.
Published: August 2014

Various types of magnetic fields occur in stars: small scale fields, large scale fields, and internal toroidal fields. While the latter may be ubiquitous in stars due to differential rotation, small scale fields (spots) may be associated with envelop convection in all low and high mass stars. The stable large scale fields found in only about 10% of intermediate mass and massive stars may be understood as a consequence of dynamical binary interaction, e.g., the merging of two stars in a binary. We relate these ideas to magnetic fields in white dwarfs and neutron stars, and to their role in core-collapse and thermonuclear supernova explosions.
Magnetic Fields in 7 Young Stellar Objects Observed with Nançay Radio Telescope
Authors: Bayandina Olga , Alakoz Alexei , Val'tts Irina
Published: August 2014

Magnetic fields (MF) can play an essential role in the evolution of the interstellar medium - especially at the early evolutionary stages. Small scale research related to the interaction of MF and pre-stellar condensations are unresolved issues. In quantitative terms, submissions about forming a full picture of gas-dust fragments evolution are far from complete, considering delay of their collapse caused by MF and the reverse effect of self-gravitating objects on the transformation of force lines and changing the values of local strength. The role of these interrelated processes is very important in the estimation of time of evolution of protostellar structures. In contrast to OH, in methanol molecule (most investigating at the moment) there is no unpaired electron, and the Zeeman splitting of the energy levels in CH3OH regards only the levels caused by the nuclear spin. Therefore, Zeeman spectrum in methanol is certainly not going to be as effective as in OH. However, since many methanol masers - Class I (MMI - formed at the earliest stage of the evolution of gas and dust condensations) and Class II (MMII - the area around very young stars and protoplanetary disks) - are associated with OH masers, then from spectra of OH masers the parameters of MF can be estimated, at least, near different methanol masers classes, i.e. in condensations which are at different evolutionary stages. This report presents the results of polarization observations 7 OH maser sources at the NRT (France). The main goal is comparing similarities and differences in MF strength and orientation in these masers, which essentially different according to the type of methanol masers associated with them, i.e. the evolutionary type.
Angular momentum evolution of young stars
Authors: Littlefair S. P.
Published: August 2014

In recent years, rotation periods for large numbers of pre-main-sequence stars have become available, covering a wide range of ages and star forming environments. Simultaneously, theoretical developments in the physics of the star-disc interaction have been carried out, and observational measurements of the magnetic field geometry of both fully convective, and pre-main-sequence stars have become available. This review discusses these recent developments, and the extent to which the observational data fits within the existing theoretical frameworks.
Activity and Rotation in the Young Cluster h Per
Authors: Argiroffi C. , Caramazza M. , Micela G. , Moraux E. , Bouvier J.
Published: August 2014

We study the rotation-activity relationship for low-mass members of the young cluster h Persei, a ~13 Myr old cluster. h Per, thanks to its age, allows us to link the rotation-activity relation observed for main-sequence stars to the still unexplained activity levels of very young clusters.

We constrained the activity levels of h Per members by analyzing a deep Chandra/ACIS-I observation pointed to the central field of h Per. We combined this X-ray catalog with the catalog of h Per members with measured rotational period, presented by Moraux et al. (2013). We obtained a final catalog of 202 h Per members with measured X-ray luminosity and rotational period. We investigate the rotation-activity relation of h Per members considering different mass ranges. We find that stars with 1.3 M⊙ > M 1.4 M⊙ show significant evidence of supersaturation for short periods. This phenomenon is instead not observed for lower mass stars.
Stellar models of rotating, pre-main sequence low-mass stars with magnetic fields
Authors: Mendes Luiz T. S. , Landin Natália R. , Vaz Luiz P. R.
Published: August 2014

We report our present efforts for introducing magnetic fields in the ATON stellar evolution code code, which now evolved to truly modifying the stellar structure equations so that they can incorporate the effects of an imposed, large-scale magnetic field. Preliminary results of such an approach, as applied to low-mass stellar models, are presented and discussed.
Rotation and magnetism of solar-like stars: from scaling laws to spot-dynamos
Authors: Brun Allan Sacha
Published: August 2014

The Sun is the archetype of magnetic star and its proximity coupled with very high accuracy observations has helped us understanding how solar-like stars (e.g with a convective envelope) redistribute angular momentum and generate a cyclic magnetic field. However most solar models have been so fine tuned that when they are applied to other solar-like stars the agreement with observations is not good enough. I will thus discuss, based on theoretical considerations and multi-D MHD stellar models, what can be considered as robust properties of solar-like star dynamics and magnetism and what is still speculative. I will derive scaling laws for differential rotation and magnetic energy as a function of stellar parameters, discuss recent results of stellar dynamo models and define the new concept of spot-dynamo, e.g. global dynamo that develops self-consistent magnetic buoyant structures that emerge at the surface.
Magnetic fields of Sun-like stars
Authors: Fares Rim
Published: August 2014

Magnetic fields play an important role at all stages of stellar evolution. In Sun-like stars, they are generated in the outer convective layers. Studying the large-scale magnetic fields of these stars enlightens our understanding of the field properties and gives us observational constraints for the field generation models. In this review, I summarise the current observational picture of the large-scale magnetic fields of Sun-like stars, in particular solar-twins and planet-host stars. I will discuss the observations of large-scale magnetic cycles, and compare these to the solar cycle.
Modeling transiting exoplanet and spots For interferometric study
Authors: Ligi Roxanne , Mourard Denis , Perraut Karine , Bério Philippe , Bigot Lionel , Chiavassa Andrea , Lagrange Anne-Marie , Nardetto Nicolas
Published: August 2014

Up to now, many techniques have been developed to detect and observe exoplanets, the radial velocity (RV) method being the most prolific one. However, stellar magnetic spots can mimic an exoplanet transit signal and lead to a false detection. A few models have already been developed to constrain the different signature of exoplanets and spots, but they only concern RV measurements or photometry. An interferometric approach, with high angular resolution capabilities, could resolve this problem.

Optical interferometry is a powerful method to measure accurate stellar diameters, and derive fundamental parameters of stars and exoplanets minimum masses. We have built an analytical code able to calculate visibility moduli and closure phases of stars with a transiting exoplanet, to be compared with a star with no exoplanet. From the difference of interferometric signal, we can derive the presence of the exoplanet, but this requires that the star is resolved enough. We have tested this code with current available facilities like VEGA/CHARA and determined which already discovered exoplanets systems can be resolved enough to test this method.

To make a more general study, we also tested different parameters (exoplanet and stellar diameters, exoplanet position) that can lead to a variation of the minimum baseline length required to see the exoplanet signal on the visibility modulus and the phase. Stellar spots act in the same way, but the difference of local intensity between an exoplanet transit and a spot can easily be studied thanks to the interferometric measurements.
Magnetic fields of OB stars
Authors: Kholtygin A. F. , Hubrig S. , Drake N. A. , Sudnik N. , Dushin V.
Published: August 2014

We studied the statistical properties of the magnetic fields of OB stars based on the recent measurements. As the statistically significant characteristic of the magnetic field we use the rms magnetic field of the star ${\cal B}$. The distribution functions f(${\cal B}$) of magnetic fields of OB stars are evaluated. The function f(${\cal B}$) has a power-law dependence on the ${\cal B}$ with an index of about 2-3 and a fast drop below ${\cal B}$ = 100 − 300 G. We proposed that the compact regions with strong local magnetic fields can contribute to the global magnetic field of O stars.
“Stellar Prominences” on OB starsto explain wind-line variability
Authors: Henrichs H. F. , Sudnik N. P.
Published: August 2014

Many O and B stars show unexplained cyclical variability in their winds, i.e. modulation of absorption features on the rotational timescale, but not strictly periodic over longer timescales. For these stars no dipolar magnetic fields have been detected, with upper limits below 300 G. Similar cyclical variability is also found in many optical lines, which are formed at the base of the wind. We propose that these cyclical variations are caused by the presence of multiple, transient, short-lived, corotating magnetic loops, which we call “stellar prominences”. We present a simplified model representing these prominences to explain the cyclical optical wind-line variability in the O supergiant λ Cephei. Other supporting evidence for such prominences comes from the recent discovery of photometric variability in a comparable O star, which was explained by the presence of multiple transient bright spots, presumably of magnetic origin as well.
roAp stars: surface lithium abundance distribution and magnetic field configuration
Authors: Polosukhina N. , Shulyak D. , Shavrina A. , Lyashko D. , Drake N. A. , Glagolevski Yu. , Kudryavtsev D. , Smirnova M.
Published: August 2014

High-resolution spectra obtained with the 6m BTA telescope, Russia, and with HARPS and VLT/UVES telescopes at ESO, Chile, were used for Doppler Imaging analysis of two roAp stars, HD 12098 and HD 60435, showing strong and variable Li resonance line in their spectra. We found that Li has highly inhomogeneous distribution on the surfaces of these stars. We compared our results with previously obtained Doppler Imaging mapping of two CP2 stars, HD 83368 and HD 3980, and discuss the correlation between the position of the high Li-abundance spots and magnetic field.
Evolution of magnetic activity in intermediate-mass giants
Authors: Gondoin Philippe
Published: August 2014

The X-ray surface fluxes of intermediate-mass G and K giants are correlated with their rotation periods and Rossby numbers. Empirical relationships are presented that accounts for the X-ray luminosity evolution of single intermediate-mass giants, such as FK Comae-type stars, and of giants in close or long-period binaries, such as RS CVn-type systems, as they evolve off the main sequence towards the top of the red giant branch.