bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fractional elliptic equations, Caccioppoli estimates and regularity
Authors: Stinga Pablo Raúl , Caffarelli Luis A.
Published: February 2015

Let

L = −\mathrm{div}_{x}(A(x)\mathrm{∇}_{x})

be a uniformly elliptic operator in divergence form in a bounded domain

Ω

. We consider the fractional nonlocal equations

\begin{cases}
L^{s}u = f, & \text{in }\mathrm{\Omega }, \\
u = 0, & \text{on }\partial \mathrm{\Omega },
\end{cases}
\quad\text{and}\quad
\begin{cases}
L^{s}u = f, & \text{in }\mathrm{\Omega }, \\
\partial _{A}u = 0, & \text{on }\partial \mathrm{\Omega }.
\end{cases}

Here

L^{s}

,

0 < s < 1

, is the fractional power of

L

and

\partial _{A}u

is the conormal derivative of

u

with respect to the coefficients

A(x)

. We reproduce Caccioppoli type estimates that allow us to develop the regularity theory. Indeed, we prove interior and boundary Schauder regularity estimates depending on the smoothness of the coefficients

A(x)

, the right hand side

f

and the boundary of the domain. Moreover, we establish estimates for fundamental solutions in the spirit of the classical result by Littman–Stampacchia–Weinberger and we obtain nonlocal integro-differential formulas for

L^{s}u(x)

. Essential tools in the analysis are the semigroup language approach and the extension problem.
Features of Turner syndrome among a group of Cameroonian patients
Authors: Wonkam Ambroise , Veigne Sandra W. , Abass Ali , Ngo Um Suzanne , Noubiap Jean Jacques N. , Mbanya Jean‐Claude , Sobngwi Eugene
Published: February 2015

Objective

To describe the features of Turner syndrome among a group of Cameroonian patients.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted among patients with amenorrhea and/or short stature who attended the genetic unit of Yaoundé Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital (Yaoundé, Cameroon) for a specialist consultation between July 1, 2007, and December 31, 2008. Sociodemographic, clinical, and cytogenetic data were collected.

Results

Turner syndrome was confirmed among 11 of the 14 participants (seven had monosomy of the X chromosome; four had mosaicism involving a structural abnormality of the second X chromosome). The mean age at diagnosis was 18.4 ± 2.8 years. The reasons for consultation were delayed puberty (n = 10) and short stature (n = 1). Nine patients had a short neck, nine had a forearm carrying‐angle deformity, eight had a low hairline, and two had a webbed neck. Abdominal ultrasonography identified a horseshoe kidney in two patients and a rudimentary uterus in nine patients. None of the patients displayed cardiac abnormalities. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was reported among five patients. Eight patients did not receive hormonal treatment owing to advanced bone age or economic reasons.

Conclusion

Late diagnosis and variable phenotypic expression were key features of Cameroonian patients with Turner syndrome.
Increased carotid artery intima‐media thickness in patients with tympanosclerosis: Common risk factors with atherosclerosis?
Authors: Doluoglu Sumeyra , Gocer Celil , Toprak Ugur , Iriz Ayse , Uyar Melek , Eryilmaz Adil
Published: February 2015

We investigated the relationship between tympanosclerosis, known atherosclerotic risk factors, and the intima‐media thickness of bilateral carotid arteries using ultrasonography. A total of 122 patients admitted to our clinic with chronic otitis media between 2005 and 2010 were included in the study. The study group consisted of 61 patients with tympanosclerosis; the control group comprised 61 patients without tympanosclerosis. Internal carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CAIMT), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, C‐reactive protein, and homocysteine levels were measured in all patients. Homocysteine, low‐density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the study group were higher compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05). Right and left CAIMT was greater in the study group versus the control group (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, atherosclerosis and tympanosclerosis were associated with identical risk factors; in the tympanosclerosis group, CAIMT was increased significantly.
Historic and Holocene Environmental Change in the San Antonio Creek Basin, Mid-coastal California
Authors: Scott Anderson R. , Ejarque Ana , Rice Johnathan , Smith Susan J. , Lebow Clayton G.
Published: February 2015

Using a combination of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) and charcoal particle stratigraphies from sediment cores from two sites, along with historical records, we reconstructed paleoenvironmental change in mid-coastal California. The San Antonio Creek section contains a discontinuous, Holocene-length record, while Mod Pond includes a continuous late Holocene record. Together the records allow for interpretation of most of the present interglacial. The longer record documents coastal sage scrub and chaparral dominated by woodland elements early in the Holocene to about 9000 yr ago, a potential decline in woodland communities with drying conditions during the middle Holocene to about 4800 yr ago, and an expansion of coastal sage scrub with grassland during the late Holocene. Evidence for climatic fluctuations during the last 1000 yr at Mod Pond is equivocal, suggesting that the Medieval Climate Anomaly–Little Ice Age had modest impact on the Mod Pond environment. However, evidence of significant environmental change associated with cultural transitions in the 18th–19th centuries is stark. Introduction of non-native plants, establishment of cattle and sheep grazing, missionization of the native population, changes in burning practices during the Spanish period and enhanced cropping activities during North American settlement worked together to substantially modify the mid-California coastal landscape in about a century's time.
The University of Cambridge in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Winstanley Denys Arthur
Published: February 2015

In this 1922 book, the first of four on the history of Cambridge in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, D.A. Winstanley, a Fellow of Trinity College and leading historiographer, explored the close ties between the academic and political worlds in the mid-eighteenth century. The book focuses on the role and achievements of the Duke of Newcastle, a Whig politician, as Chancellor of the University during the period 1748 to 1768. It makes extensive use of primary sources including the Duke's own records, which provide valuable documentation not only about his own activities but also about wider issues. Winstanley gives a detailed account of the inner working structures of the university and the colleges, introduces some of the most significant Cambridge personalities, and assesses the Duke's contribution to the university's development. His book remains of lasting interest to historians of education and the university.
Animal and Vegetable Physiology
Authors: Roget Peter Mark
Published: February 2015

Under the terms of the will of the Oxford scholar Francis Henry, Earl of Bridgewater (1756-1829), a series of works was commissioned, designed to contribute to an understanding of the world as created by God. In 1834 Peter Roget, who was at the time compiling his celebrated Thesaurus, contributed two volumes to that controversial series, of which this is the first. He described in a manner designed to appeal to a wide audience the variety and complexity of the mechanical processes of the plant and animal kingdoms. Particular attention is given to those areas where animal life reveals something about human life and the man-made world, emphasising the magnificence of the all-encompassing creative process behind it. The plant kingdom is examined with the goal of establishing the mechanics behind the beauty of plant life as created by God.
The Broad Stone of Empire
Authors: Bruce Charles
Published: February 2015

Sir Charles Bruce (1836–1920) was a civil servant and colonial administrator who served for thirty-six years in various administrative and governing roles in Mauritius, Sri Lanka, the West Indies and Guyana. These volumes, first published in 1910, contain Bruce's discussions of the major problems of colonial administration. He provides a detailed survey of the development of national and colonial policy from 1815 to 1868 and imperial policy from 1868 to 1872, illustrating the historical context of late nineteenth-century colonial administration. Bruce then discusses in detail topics of importance to colonial administrators, including Crown law, labour and health, illustrating solutions to problems from his considerable experience. These volumes were intended as a reference work for students of colonial administration, and provide a wealth of information on the organisation and administration of British colonies in the nineteenth century. Volume 2 contains his discussion of education, communications, the fiscal system and commerce.
Caetana Says No
Authors: Lauderdale Graham Sandra
Published: February 2015

This 2002 book presents the true and dramatic accounts of two nineteenth-century Brazilian women - one young and born a slave, the other old and from an illustrious planter family - and how each sought to retain control of their lives: the slave woman struggling to avoid an unwanted husband; the woman of privilege assuming a patriarch's role to endow a family of her former slaves with the means for a free life. But these women's stories cannot be told without also recalling how their decisions drew them ever more firmly into the orbits of the worldly and influential men who exercised power in their lives. These are stories with a twist: in this society of radically skewed power, Lauderdale Graham reveals that more choices existed for all sides than we first imagine. Through these small histories she casts new light on larger meanings of slave and free, female and male.
Revelation
Authors: Witherington, III Ben
Published: February 2015

This book was the first of its kind: a socio-rhetorical commentary on the Book of Revelation. Without sacrificing scholarly perspective or academic rigor, it is written to be accessible for a wide audience - including pastors, scholars, teachers, seminarians, and interested lay people. A 'Suggested Reading List' - a feature of all volumes in the New Cambridge Bible Commentary - will serve as point of entry for the new student of Revelation and as a helpful annotated bibliography for all readers. Frequent 'Closer-Look' sections examine key elements of the Roman-Greco world that bear on the text's meaning while 'Bridging the Horizons' sub-chapters connect this world with the cultural, political, and religious environments of today. The entire NRSV translation is provided throughout the text. Award-winning author Ben Witherington, III brings a New Testament-scholar's insight and successful clergyman's lucidity to the often opaque passages of the last book of the New Testament.
The Cold War and the United States Information Agency
Authors: Cull Nicholas J.
Published: February 2015

Published at a time when the US government's public diplomacy has been in crisis, this book provides an exhaustive account of how it used to be done. The United States Information Agency was created, in 1953, to 'tell America's story to the world' and, by engaging with the world through international information, broadcasting, culture, and exchange programs, became an essential element of American foreign policy during the Cold War. Based on newly declassified archives and more than 100 interviews with veterans of public diplomacy, from the Truman administration to the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nicholas J. Cull relates both the achievements and the endemic flaws of American public diplomacy in this period. Major topics include the process by which the Truman and Eisenhower administrations built a massive overseas propaganda operation; the struggle of the Voice of America to base its output on journalistic truth; the challenge of presenting civil rights, the Vietnam War, and Watergate to the world; and the climactic confrontation with the Soviet Union in the 1980s. This study offers remarkable and new insights into the Cold War era.
Applied Nonparametric Econometrics
Authors: Henderson Daniel J. , Parmeter Christopher F.
Published: February 2015

The majority of empirical research in economics ignores the potential benefits of nonparametric methods, while the majority of advances in nonparametric theory ignore the problems faced in applied econometrics. This book helps bridge this gap between applied economists and theoretical nonparametric econometricians. It discusses in depth, and in terms that someone with only one year of graduate econometrics can understand, basic to advanced nonparametric methods. The analysis starts with density estimation and motivates the procedures through methods that should be familiar to the reader. It then moves on to kernel regression, estimation with discrete data, and advanced methods such as estimation with panel data and instrumental variables models. The book pays close attention to the issues that arise with programming, computing speed, and application. In each chapter, the methods discussed are applied to actual data, paying attention to presentation of results and potential pitfalls.
Mathematical and Physical Papers
Authors: Thomson William
Published: February 2015

William Thomson, first Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), is best known for devising the Kelvin scale of absolute temperature and for his work on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, though throughout his 53-year career as a mathematical physicist and engineer at the University of Glasgow he investigated a wide range of scientific questions in areas ranging from geology to transatlantic telegraph cables. The extent of his work is revealed in the six volumes of his Mathematical and Physical Papers, published from 1882 until 1911, consisting of articles that appeared in scientific periodicals from 1841 onwards. Volume 1, published in 1882, includes articles from the period 1841–1853 and covers issues relating to heat, especially its linear motion and theories about it. Other topics include aspects of electricity, thermodynamics and research relating to magnetism.
The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven
Authors: Thayer Alexander Wheelock , Deiters Hermann , Riemann Hugo
Published: February 2015

This authoritative biography of Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) was a landmark in its meticulous research and use of source material. For the American author Alexander Wheelock Thayer (1817–97), it represented a lifelong labour of love, yet it remained unfinished at his death. His friend Hermann Deiters (1833–1907) edited and translated Thayer's work into German, publishing three volumes which covered Beethoven's life to 1816. Since Deiters also died before the biography could be completed, musicologist Hugo Riemann (1849–1919) was called upon to conclude the work. The final German volumes appeared in 1907 and 1908. It was the American critic Henry Edward Krehbiel (1854–1923) who prepared the present work, the first and considerably revised English version, published in three volumes in 1921. Volume 1 covers Beethoven's career through to 1802, the year of the Heiligenstadt Testament.
Value Added Tax
Authors: Schenk Alan , Thuronyi Victor , Cui Wei
Published: February 2015

This book integrates legal, economic, and administrative materials about the value added tax (VAT) to present the only comparative approach to the study of VAT law. The comparative presentation of this volume offers an analysis of policy issues relating to tax structure and tax base as well as insights into how cases arising out of VAT disputes have been resolved. Its principal purpose is to provide comprehensive teaching tools - laws, cases, analytical exercises, and questions drawn from the experience of countries and organizations around the world. This second edition includes new VAT-related developments in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia and adds new chapters on VAT avoidance and evasion and on China's VAT. Designed to illustrate, analyze, and explain the principal theoretical and operating features of value added taxes, including their adoption and implementation, this book will be an invaluable resource for tax practitioners and government officials.
Michelangelo's David
Authors: Paoletti John T.
Published: February 2015

This book takes a new look at the interpretations of, and the historical information surrounding, Michelangelo's David. New documentary materials discovered by Rolf Bagemihl add to the early history of the stone block that became the David and provide an identity for the painted terracotta colossus that stood on the cathedral buttresses for which Michelangelo's statue was to be a companion. The David, with its placement at the Palazzo della Signoria, was deeply implicated in the civic history of Florence, where public nakedness played a ritual role in the military and in the political lives of its people. This book, then, places the David not only within the artistic history of Florence and its monuments but also within the popular culture of the period as well.
Metonymy
Authors: Littlemore Jeannette
Published: February 2015

'Metonymy' is a type of figurative language used in everyday conversation, a form of shorthand that allows us to use our shared knowledge to communicate with fewer words than we would otherwise need. 'I'll pencil you in' and 'let me give you a hand' are both examples of metonymic language. Metonymy serves a wide range of communicative functions such as textual cohesion, humour, irony, euphemism and hyperbole - all of which play a key role in the development of language and discourse communities. Using authentic data throughout, this book shows how metonymy operates, not just in language, but also in gesture, sign language, art, music, film and advertising. It explores the role of metonymy in cross-cultural communication, along with the challenges it presents to language learners and translators. Ideal for researchers and students in linguistics and literature, as well as teachers and general readers interested in the art of communication.
An Introduction to Polynomial and Semi-Algebraic Optimization
Authors: Lasserre Jean Bernard
Published: February 2015

This is the first comprehensive introduction to the powerful moment approach for solving global optimization problems (and some related problems) described by polynomials (and even semi-algebraic functions). In particular, the author explains how to use relatively recent results from real algebraic geometry to provide a systematic numerical scheme for computing the optimal value and global minimizers. Indeed, among other things, powerful positivity certificates from real algebraic geometry allow one to define an appropriate hierarchy of semidefinite (SOS) relaxations or LP relaxations whose optimal values converge to the global minimum. Several extensions to related optimization problems are also described. Graduate students, engineers and researchers entering the field can use this book to understand, experiment with and master this new approach through the simple worked examples provided.
Lying and Christian Ethics
Authors: Tollefsen Christopher O.
Published: February 2015

This book defends the controversial 'absolute view' of lying, which maintains that an assertion contrary to the speaker's mind is always wrong, regardless of the speaker's intentions. Whereas most people believe that a lie told for a good cause, such as protecting Jews from discovery by Nazis, is morally acceptable, Christopher Tollefsen argues that Christians should support the absolute view. He looks back to the writings of Augustine and Aquinas to illustrate that lying violates the basic human goods of integrity and sociality and severely compromises the values of religion and truth. He critiques the comparatively permissive views espoused by Cassian, Bonhoeffer, and Niebuhr and argues that lies often jeopardize the good causes for which they are told. Beyond framing a moral absolute against lying, this book explores the questions of to whom we owe the truth and when, and what steps we may take when we should not give it.
Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Nichols John
Published: February 2015

In this nine-volume work, published between 1812 and 1815, the author and publisher John Nichols (1745–1826) provides biographical notes on publishers, writers and artists of the eighteenth century, and also gives 'an incidental view of the progress and advancement of literature in this kingdom during the last century'. (A shorter version had been published in 1782.) His subjects range from the publisher William Bowyer to Henry Fielding and Horace Walpole, and also include histories of individual publishing houses and of genres such as lexicography. The work remains a useful source of biographical material on authors and publishers at a period when many of the literary genres we take for granted, such as the novel, the autobiography and the analytical history, were first being developed. As well as memoirs of writers, Volume 4 also contains essays on the polyglot Bible, and on the rise of newspapers and periodicals.
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Authors: Stevenson Robert Louis
Published: February 2015

This short novel, published in 1886 by Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94), may well be more familiar in its many stage, film and television adaptations than in its original form, while 'Jekyll and Hyde' has become the shorthand for a character who seems to have a 'split personality'. Stevenson claimed that the main features of the story came to him in a dream, and he wrote it very rapidly, though ill and bedridden at the time. Priced at one shilling (the genre of macabre and horror stories was known as the 'shilling shocker'), it was an immediate success. Though not the first of Stevenson's works to explore the notion of the divided self, in a period where increasing concern was felt about the possible negative sides of discoveries in both the physical and biological sciences, the story clearly struck a chord, and it has remained popular ever since.
Nazi Germany and the Arab World
Authors: Nicosia Francis R.
Published: February 2015

This book considers the evolving strategic interests and foreign policy intent of the Third Reich toward the Arabic-speaking world, from Hitler's assumption of power in January 1933 to 1944, a year following the final Axis defeat in and expulsion from North Africa in May 1943. It does so within the context of two central, interconnected issues in the larger history of National Socialism and the Third Reich, namely Nazi geopolitical interests and ambitions and the regime's racial ideology and policy. This book defines the relatively limited geopolitical interests of Nazi Germany in the Middle East and North Africa within the context of its relationships with the other European great powers and its policies with regard to the Arabs and Jews who lived in those areas.
Cults and Rites in Ancient Greece
Authors: Jameson Michael H. , Stallsmith Allaire B. , Cartledge Paul , Graf Fritz
Published: February 2015

This volume assembles fourteen highly influential articles written by Michael H. Jameson over a period of nearly fifty years, edited and updated by the author himself. They represent both the scope and the signature style of Jameson's engagement with the subject of ancient Greek religion. The collection complements the original publications in two ways: firstly, it makes the articles more accessible; and secondly, the volume offers readers a unique opportunity to observe that over almost five decades of scholarship Jameson developed a distinctive method, a signature style, a particular perspective, a way of looking that could perhaps be fittingly called a 'Jamesonian approach' to the study of Greek religion. This approach, recognizable in each article individually, becomes unmistakable through the concentration of papers collected here. The particulars of the Jamesonian approach are insightfully discussed in the five introductory essays written for this volume by leading world authorities on polis religion.
Amorphous Semiconductors
Authors: Kugler Sándor , Shimakawa Koichi
Published: February 2015

Understanding the structural unit of crystalline solids is vital in determining their optical and electronic properties. However, the disordered nature of amorphous semiconductors, where no long-range order is retained, makes it difficult to determine their structure using traditional methods. This book shows how computer modelling can be used to overcome the difficulties that arise in the atomic scale identification of amorphous semiconductors. The book explains how to generate a random structure using computer modelling, providing readers with the techniques to construct realistic material structures. It shows how the optical and electronic properties are related to random structures. Readers will be able to understand the characteristic features of disordered semiconductors. The structural and electronic modifications by photon irradiation are also discussed in detail. This book is ideal for both physicists and engineers working in solid state physics, semiconductor engineering and electrical engineering.
Chopsticks
Authors: Wang Q. Edward
Published: February 2015

Chopsticks have become a quintessential part of the Japanese, Chinese and Korean culinary experience across the globe, with more than one fifth of the world's population using them daily to eat. In this vibrant, highly original account of the history of chopsticks, Q. Edward Wang charts their evolution from a simple eating implement in ancient times to their status as a much more complex, cultural symbol today. Opening in the Neolithic Age, at the first recorded use of chopsticks, the book surveys their practice through Chinese history, before exploring their transmission in the fifth century to other parts of Asia, including Vietnam, Korea, Japan and Mongolia. Calling upon a striking selection of artwork, the author illustrates how chopstick use has influenced Asian cuisine, and how, in turn the cuisine continues to influence chopstick use, both in Asia and across the globe.
Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists
Authors: Chambers David , Huang Christopher , Matthews Gareth
Published: February 2015

Every trainee in anaesthesia requires a thorough understanding of basic physiology and its application to clinical practice. This comprehensively illustrated textbook bridges the gap between medical school and reference scientific texts. It covers the physiology requirements of the Primary FRCA examination syllabus. Chapters are organised by organ system, with particular emphasis given to the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The practical question-and-answer format helps the reader prepare for the oral examination, while 'clinical relevance' boxes translate the physiological concepts to clinical practice. The authors include two medical physiologists and a Specialty Registrar in anaesthesia, and thereby bring a unique blend of expertise. This ensures that the book is up-to-date, accessible, and pitched appropriately for the trainee anaesthetist. Packed with easily understood, up-to-date and clinically relevant material, this convenient volume provides an essential 'one-stop' resource in physiology for junior anaesthetists.
The Global Transformation
Authors: Buzan Barry , Lawson George
Published: February 2015

The 'long nineteenth century' (1776–1914) was a period of political, economic, military and cultural revolutions that re-forged both domestic and international societies. Neither existing international histories nor international relations texts sufficiently register the scale and impact of this 'global transformation', yet it is the consequences of these multiple revolutions that provide the material and ideational foundations of modern international relations. Global modernity reconstituted the mode of power that underpinned international order and opened a power gap between those who harnessed the revolutions of modernity and those who were denied access to them. This gap dominated international relations for two centuries and is only now being closed. By taking the global transformation as the starting point for international relations, this book repositions the roots of the discipline and establishes a new way of both understanding and teaching the relationship between world history and international relations.
Observations on the Importance of the American Revolution
Authors: Price Richard
Published: February 2015

Having urged political reforms in Britain, Richard Price (1723–91) turned to defending the cause of American independence. Born in Wales, Price became an influential moral philosopher, dissenting Protestant preacher, political pamphleteer, and economic theorist. Known for his trenchant defence of the freedom of the human will against philosophical sceptics, Price applied his justification of individual moral agency to political issues - particularly the American Revolution - during the latter part of his life. This tract on America first appeared in 1784. Defining the right of American colonists to oppose British corruption, it suggested that their independence would offer much 'benefit to the world'. But it also offered a relatively rare critique of the system of racial slavery that continued to develop in America. Reissued here is the 1785 publication that also contained translations from French of a letter to Price by the economist Turgot and a parody by Charles-Joseph Mathon de la Cour which had amused Benjamin Franklin.
The Diaries of Edward Pease
Authors: Pease Edward
Published: February 2015

Edward Pease (1767–1858), who left behind extensive diaries for the years 1824–57, was dubbed the 'father of English railways' thanks to his backing of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which began operating in 1825. A prominent Quaker and woollen manufacturer in Darlington, Pease famously recruited George Stephenson (1781–1848) as the line's engineer. His great-grandson Sir Alfred Pease (1857–1939) edited these diaries for private circulation only, but was persuaded to publish them in 1907. The work includes an introductory essay on Quakerism and biographical sketches of Pease and his wife Rachel. The diaries themselves reveal, as the editor mentions in his preface, a life devoted to public and private good works. The appendices include a variety of Quaker texts and other material relating to the Pease family and the founding of the railways.
Magistracy and the Historiography of the Roman Republic
Authors: Haimson Lushkov Ayelet
Published: February 2015

The study of Roman republican magistracy has traditionally been the preserve of historians posing constitutional and prosopographical questions. As a result, one fundamental aspect of our most detailed contemporary and near-contemporary sources about magistracy has remained largely neglected: their literariness. This book takes a new approach to the representation of magistrates and shows how the rhetorical and formal features of prose texts - principally Livy's history but also works by Cicero and Sallust - shape our understanding of magistracy. Applying to the texts an expanded concept of exemplarity, Haimson Lushkov shows how a rich body of anecdotes concerning the behaviour and speech of magistrates reflects on the values and tensions that defined the republic. A variety of contexts - familial, military, and electoral, among others - flesh out the experience of being, becoming, and encountering a Roman magistrate, and the political and ethical problems highlighted and negotiated in such circumstances.
Axiomatic Theories of Truth
Authors: Halbach Volker
Published: February 2015

At the centre of the traditional discussion of truth is the question of how truth is defined. Recent research, especially with the development of deflationist accounts of truth, has tended to take truth as an undefined primitive notion governed by axioms, while the liar paradox and cognate paradoxes pose problems for certain seemingly natural axioms for truth. In this book, Volker Halbach examines the most important axiomatizations of truth, explores their properties and shows how the logical results impinge on the philosophical topics related to truth. In particular, he shows that the discussion on topics such as deflationism about truth depends on the solution of the paradoxes. His book is an invaluable survey of the logical background to the philosophical discussion of truth, and will be indispensable reading for any graduate or professional philosopher in theories of truth.
The Demiurge in Ancient Thought
Authors: O'Brien Carl Séan
Published: February 2015

How was the world generated and how does matter continue to be ordered so that the world can continue functioning? Questions like these have existed as long as humanity has been capable of rational thought. In antiquity, Plato's Timaeus introduced the concept of the Demiurge, or Craftsman-god, to answer them. This lucid and wide-ranging book argues that the concept of the Demiurge was highly influential on the many discussions operating in Middle Platonist, Gnostic, Hermetic and Christian contexts in the first three centuries AD. It explores key metaphysical problems such as the origin of evil, the relationship between matter and the First Principle and the deployment of ever-increasing numbers of secondary deities to insulate the First Principle from the sensible world. It also focuses on the decreasing importance of demiurgy in Neoplatonism, with its postulation of procession and return.
Hegel's Theory of Responsibility
Authors: Alznauer Mark
Published: February 2015

A crucial aspect of Hegel's practical philosophy is his theory of responsibility. This theory is both original and radical in its emphasis on the role and importance of social and historical conditions as a context for our actions. But even those who agree that there is something valuable in Hegel's emphasis on sociality are not in agreement about what that something is or about how Hegel argues for it. Mark Alznauer offers the first book-length account of the structure of the theory and its place within Hegel's thought as a whole. The reader is carefully walked through the psychological, social and historical aspects of responsibility in Hegel's texts. The book demonstrates that attention to the concept of responsibility reveals the true nature of Hegel's controversial claims about the inherent sociality of human action.
Democracy, Inequality and Corruption
Authors: You Jong-sung
Published: February 2015

In this comparative, historical survey of three East-Asian democracies, Jong-sung You explores the correlation between inequality and corruption in the countries of South Korea, Taiwan and the Philippines. Drawing on a wealth of rich empirical research, he illustrates the ways in which economic inequality can undermine democratic accountability, thereby increasing the risk of clientelism and capture. Transcending the scope of corruption research beyond economic growth, this book surveys why some countries, like the Philippines, have failed to curb corruption and develop, whilst others such as South Korea and Taiwan have been more successful. Taking into account factors such as the success and failure of land reform, variations in social structure, and industrial policy, Jong-sung You provides a sound example of how comparative analysis can be employed to identify causal direction and mechanisms in political science.
Reagan and Pinochet
Authors: Morley Morris , McGillion Chris
Published: February 2015

This book is the first comprehensive study of the Reagan administration's policy toward the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile. Based on new primary and archival materials, as well as on original interviews with former US and Chilean officials, it traces the evolution of Reagan policy from an initial 'close embrace' of the junta to a re-evaluation of whether Pinochet was a risk to long-term US interests in Chile and, finally, to an acceptance in Washington of the need to push for a return to democracy. It provides fresh insights into the bureaucratic conflicts that were a key part of the Reagan decision-making process and reveals not only the successes but also the limits of US influence on Pinochet's regime. Finally, it contributes to the ongoing debate about the US approach toward democracy promotion in the Third World over the past half century.
Writing the 1926 General Strike
Authors: Ferrall Charles , McNeill Dougal
Published: February 2015

Charles Ferrall and Dougal McNeill's book analyses the vast literary response to the 1926 General Strike. The Strike not only drew writers into political action but inspired literature that served to shape twentieth-century British views of class, culture and politics. While major figures active at the time wrote on or responded to this crucial moment, this is the first volume to address their respective works. Ferrall and McNeill show how novels then in progress, such as Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse and D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover, were affected by the Strike, as well as the ways in which it has been remembered from the 1930s to the present. Their study sheds new light on the relationship between politics and literature of the modernist era.
The Anaesthesia Viva
Authors: Urquhart John , Blunt Mark , Pinnock Colin
Published: February 2015

Now expanded and updated to reflect the most recent changes in the viva examination, this two volume series is an indispensable aid to success in the anaesthesia viva examinations and appropriate to both the Primary FRCA and the Final FRCA. This first volume covers the essentials of physiology, pharmacology, and statistics and gives the candidate a comprehensive range of possible questions and exemplary model answers to provide the perfect self-learning tool, and it is also useful as a concise reference for the established anaesthetist, being packed with up-to-date information on fundamental questions that face the anaesthetist on a daily basis.
The Anaesthesia Viva
Authors: Blunt Mark , Urquhart John , Pinnock Colin
Published: February 2015

This is the new edition of the second volume in this successful and well-known two volume series and covers physics, measurement, safety, and clinical anaesthesia. The book puts together over 200 commonly asked viva questions in these key areas as well as model short answers, supported with clear line diagrams.
Transition to stably stratified states in open channel flow with radiative surface heating
Authors: Williamson N. , Armfield S. W. , Kirkpatrick M. P. , Norris S. E.
Published: February 2015

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent stratified flow in an open channel with an internal heat source following the Beer–Lambert law from the surface are used to investigate the transition from neutral to strongly stable flow. Our buoyancy bulk parameter is defined through the ratio of the domain height ${\it\delta}$ to $\mathscr{L}$, a bulk Obukhov length scale for the flow. We cover the range ${\it\lambda}={\it\delta}/\mathscr{L}=0{-}2.0$, from neutral conditions to the onset of the stable regime, with the Reynolds number range $Re_{{\it\tau}}=200{-}800$, at a Prandtl number of 0.71. The result is a boundary layer flow where the effects of stratification are weak in the wall region but progressively stronger in the outer layer up to the free surface. At ${\it\lambda}\simeq 1$ the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget is in local equilibrium over a region extending from the near-wall region to a free-surface affected region a distance $l_{{\it\nu}}$ from the surface, with $l_{{\it\nu}}/{\it\delta}\sim Re^{-1/2}$. In this equilibrium region the flow can be characterised by the flux Richardson number $R_{f}$ and the local Obukhov length scale ${\it\Lambda}$. At higher ${\it\lambda}$ local mixing limit conditions are observed over an extended region. At ${\it\lambda}=2$ the flux Richardson number approaches critical limit values of $R_{f,c}\simeq 0.18$ and gradient Richardson number $Ri_{c}\simeq 0.2$. At high ${\it\lambda}$, we obtain a flow field where buoyancy interacts with the smallest scales of motion and the turbulent shear stress and buoyancy flux are suppressed to molecular levels. We find that this regime can be identified in terms of the parameter $Re_{\mathscr{L},c}=\mathscr{L}u_{{\it\tau}}/{\it\nu}\lesssim 200{-}400$ (where $u_{{\it\tau}}$ is the friction velocity and ${\it\nu}$ the kinematic viscosity), which is related to the $L_{\ast }$ parameter of Flores and Riley (Boundary-Layer Meteorol., vol. 139 (2), 2011, pp. 241–259) and buoyancy Reynolds number $\mathscr{R}$. With energetic equilibrium attained, the local buoyancy Reynolds number, $Re_{{\it\Lambda}}={\it\Lambda}\langle u^{\prime }w^{\prime }\rangle ^{1/2}/{\it\nu}$, is directly related to the separation of the Ozmidov ($l_{O}$) and Kolmogorov (${\it\eta}$) length scales in the outer boundary layer by $Re_{{\it\Lambda}}\simeq \mathscr{R}\equiv (l_{O}/{\it\eta})^{4/3}$. The inner wall region has the behaviour $\mathscr{R}\sim Re_{\mathscr{L}}Re_{{\it\tau}}$, in contrast to stratified boundary layer flows where the buoyancy flux is non-zero at the wall and $\mathscr{R}\sim Re_{\mathscr{L}}$.
Two-dimensional plastic flow of foams and emulsions in a channel: experiments and lattice Boltzmann simulations
Authors: Dollet B. , Scagliarini A. , Sbragaglia M.
Published: February 2015

In order to understand the flow profiles of complex fluids, a crucial issue concerns the emergence of spatial correlations among plastic rearrangements exhibiting cooperativity flow behaviour at the macroscopic level. In this paper, the rate of plastic events in a Poiseuille flow is experimentally measured on a confined foam in a Hele-Shaw geometry. The correlation with independently measured velocity profiles is quantified by looking at the relationship between the localisation length of the velocity profiles and the localisation length of the spatial distribution of plastic events. To complement the cooperativity mechanisms studied in foam with those of other soft glassy systems, we compare the experiments with simulations of dense emulsions based on the lattice Boltzmann method, which are performed both with and without wall friction. Finally, unprecedented results on the distribution of the orientation of plastic events show that there is a non-trivial correlation with the underlying local shear strain. These features, not previously reported for a confined foam, lend further support to the idea that cooperativity mechanisms, originally invoked for concentrated emulsions (Goyon et al., Nature, vol. 454, 2008, pp. 84–87), have parallels in the behaviour of other soft glassy materials.
Building affective commitment through job characteristics, leadership and empowerment
Authors: Pentareddy Sandhya , Suganthi L.
Published: February 2015

Employees committed to their organizations are more likely to contribute better and remain longer with their companies. This study examines how to build such organizational commitment through job characteristics, leadership and empowerment. Using a sample of 605 knowledge workers from four countries and various industries, this study probes how leadership complexity and psychological empowerment transform the impact of job characteristics on affective commitment. Results indicate that psychological empowerment partially mediates the effects of job characteristics on affective commitment and that leadership complexity moderates the influence of job characteristics and empowerment on affective commitment. Theoretical and practical implications of the research findings are discussed
“Kill Them All—Old and Young, Girls and Women and Little Children”: An Examination of the Organizational Choice of Targeting Civilians
Authors: Asal Victor , Brown Mitchell , Schulzke Marcus
Published: February 2015

What factors make it more likely that non-state organizations will target civilians as a political strategy? This study examines targeting civilians as a tactical and normative choice, and hypothesizes that the targeting of civilians (compared to the general use of violence) is a function of the ideological make-up of organizations, organization weakness and state repression. Other factors related to organizational capability will not have a differential impact on the likelihood that an organization will target civilians for violence. This article uses data from the Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior database to examine these issues with respect to ethno-political organizations. It argues that the typical analytic focus on general violence obscures understanding of the factors that lead to targeting civilians. It finds that targeting civilians—while similar in some respects to the use of general violence—is different, particularly with respect to organizational ideology.
Impact of dining out on nutritional intake and metabolic syndrome risk factors: data from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Oh Chorong , Kim Hak-Seon , No Jae-Kyung
Published: February 2015

The frequency of dining out has rapidly increased; however, the independent associations between dining out, metabolic syndrome risk factors and nutritional status have not been well characterised. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between dining out, nutritional intakes and metabolic syndrome risk factors among Korean adults, using data from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Frequency of dining out was significantly associated with intake of nutrients such as energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, Ca, Na, vitamin A and carotene. Especially, the result revealed that Korean adults had insufficient Ca intake compared with the Korean reference intake (700 mg). As the frequency of dining out increased, so did energy intake. In addition, individuals who dined out seven or more times per week experienced a 64 % higher likelihood of blood pressure abnormalities, an 88 % higher likelihood of waist circumference abnormalities, and a 32 % higher likelihood of low HDL-cholesterol levels than those who dined out less than once per week. BMI was not associated with the frequency of dining out. Our findings suggest that strategies to modify dining-out behaviour could reduce metabolic syndrome risk factors via improved nutrition.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF CROP AND FORAGE RELATED AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALL-SCALE DAIRY FARMERS IN CENTRAL MEXICO
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-GARCÍA CARLOS GALDINO , DORWARD PETER , REHMAN TAHIR
Published: February 2015

In order to identify factors that constrain or favour adoption of five crop or forage related and six animal husbandry technologies promoted by government to small-scale dairy farmers, a field survey was conducted with 115 farmers. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify socioeconomic and farm variables explaining the technology adoption. Factors that favoured technology adoption were based on perceived usefulness, productivity and benefits to the farm, farmer's skills and farm characteristics; moreover farmers were more willing to use technologies which required low levels of investment such as de-worming, vaccines, and data recording. Constraints were related to economic restrictions, lack of knowledge, lack of land, herd size, lack of extension advice, lack of information about government programmes, requirements associated with applying for government financial support, and technologies considered to be of little or no importance to the farm such as herbicides, artificial insemination (AI) and milking machines. Adoption of crop or forage related and animal husbandry technologies was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with socioeconomic (farmer's education, farmer's experience, farmer's wealth status) and farm characteristics (herd size, cows in production, milk yield, total hectares and technological level). It is concluded that the approach implemented in this study enables identification of key factors together with the communication approaches that have been successful.