bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New records of parasitic copepods (Crustacea, Copepoda) from marine fishes in the Argentinean Sea
Authors: Paula Cantatore , Elizabeth Braicovich , Julia Alarcos , Laura Lanfranchi , Alejandra Rossin , Gustavo Vales , Tomás Timi
Published: February 2012

Increasing knowledge of the biodiversity of parasitic copepods in the Argentinean Sea will provide a baseline against which changes in the distribution of marine biota can be detected. We provide new information on the distribution of 13 known species of parasitic copepods gathered from 11 species of marine fishes from Argentinean Sea, including 7 new host records and 9 new locality records. These species are: Bomolochus globiceps (Vervoort et Ramírez, 1968) and Nothobomolochus cresseyi Timi et Sardella, 1997 (Bomolochidae Sumpf, 1871); Brasilochondria riograndensis Thatcher et Pereira, 2004 (Chondracanthidae Milne Edwards, 1840); Taeniacanthus lagocephali Pearse, 1952 (Taeniacanthidae Wilson, 1911); Caligus rogercresseyi Boxshall et Bravo, 2000 and Metacaligus uruguayensis (Thomsen, 1949) (Caligidae Burmeister, 1835); Hatschekia conifera Yamaguti, 1939 (Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979); Clavellotis pagri (Krøyer, 1863), Clavella adunca (Strøm, 1762), Clavella bowmani Kabata, 1963 and Parabrachiella amphipacifica Ho, 1982 (Lernaeopodidae Milne Edwards, 1840), and Lernanthropus leidyi Wilson, 1922 and Lernanthropus caudatus Wilson, 1922 (Lernanthropidae Kabata, 1979). A list of host species lacking parasitic copepods, for which large samples were investigated by the authors, is also provided in order to compare in future surveys.
Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from wild birds in Senegal, with descriptions of three new species of the genera Brueelia and Philopteroides
Authors: Najer Tomáš , Sychra Oldřich , Literák Ivan , Procházka Petr , Čapek Miroslav , Koubek Petr
Published: February 2012

A total of 170 wild birds from Senegal, belonging to 48 species and 9 orders, were searched for lice in 2005 and 2007. Chewing lice were found on 58 birds of 18 species and 5 orders (Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Coraciiformes, Galliformes and Passeriformes). Twenty-two species of chewing lice of 13 genera were determined. Other nine samples of chewing lice that represent a new host-parasite association were determined at generic level only, because only one sex or nymph of these lice were found. Our records represent the first louse records from passerines Camaroptera brachyura (Cisticolidae), Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Corvinella corvina (Laniidae), Laniarius barbarus (Malaconotidae), Prinia erythroptera (Cisticolidae) and Turdus pelios (Turdidae). Descriptions and illustrations are given for Brueelia chalcomitrae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Brueelia priniae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Prinia subflava (Cisticolidae), and Philopteroides terpsiphoni Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Terpsiphone viridis (Monarchidae).
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from Korea
Authors: Nguyen Thuy , Choe Se-Eun , Byun Jae-Won , Koh Hong-Bum , Lee Hee-Soo , Kang Seung-Won
Published: February 2012

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related protozoan parasites, they share many common hosts, and can cause neurological diseases in dogs. Dogs can have close contacts with humans and livestock and therefore they can act as reservoirs of these parasites. The aim of this study was to survey the seroprevalence of antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum and their co-infection rate in dogs in Korea. In total, sera from 553 domestic dogs were collected from different breeds, sexes, and ages of dogs from nine provinces across the country of Korea during 2006 and 2007. The presence of antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum was analyzed using the latex agglutination test (LAT) with a cut-off value of 1:32, and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using a serum titer of 1:100. In the total dog population, 71 (12.8%) dogs were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies and only 20 (3.6%) were positive for anti-N. caninum antibodies. Relatively higher seropositive frequencies of antibodies against T. gondii (20.1%) and N. caninum (4.9%) were detected in the dog population from the Gyeonggi. A higher proportion of animals seropositive for anti-T. gondii antibodies was found in stray dog populations as compared to household dog populations: 18.5% (59/319) vs 5.1% (12/234), respectively. The Chi-square tests revealed significant differences in the seropositive frequencies of antibodies against T. gondii between stray and household dogs in the total population (p<0.0001), and in dogs from the Gyeonggi (p<0.01). No significant differences were observed for the presence of antibodies against T. gondii or N. caninum when compared across the sex or age (p>0.05). The first serological survey on antibodies against both T. gondii and N. caninum parasites across the entire country showed that co-infection was not common in these canine populations with a seropositive level of 0.72%. The significantly higher positive frequency of T. gondii antibodies in stray dogs in both, Gyeonggi and in the total dog populations suggests that further investigation on the seroprevalence of parasites should focus on stray dogs.
Frequency of fast geomorphological processes in high-gradient streams: case study from the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts (Czech Republic) using dendrogeomorphic methods
Authors: Šilhán Karel
Published: February 2012

High-gradient streams are localities with the most dynamic activity of geomorphological processes in medium-high mountains. This study of the frequency of floods and debris flows in a selected high-gradient stream in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts was based on a dendrogeomorphic approach. It makes use of the most accurate methods applied in the dating of historic geomorphological processes. Individual events were reconstructed on the basis of the dating of various growth disturbances displayed in 99 samples taken from 56 predominantly broad-leaved trees.

As for the studied area, 26 years out of the last 113 years have been identified as years of rapid geomorphological processes. The frequency of the processes has been high above average since the 1970s. A majority of the events can be considered as flash floods. Debris flows, which can only be observed sporadically, originate due to the reactivation of old accumulation material that subsequently ends up re-accumulated on the alluvial fan at the mouth of a stream. A large number of events occur in connection with extreme short-term precipitation in summer months. In addition, they are affected by fast snow melting in spring, which has also been proved by intra-seasonal dating of selected events.
Behavioral Foundation of Route Choice and Traffic Assignment
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: February 2012

Although traffic assignment models are routinely used in transportation operations and planning applications, the behavioral foundations of the models, as well as the practical implications of various behavioral assumptions, are rarely discussed. This paper compares and criticizes the behavioral realism of traffic assignment models. Deterministic, stochastic, boundedly rational, and behavioral user equilibrium principles are studied analytically and numerically on a large real-world network. Behavioral theories underlying these assignment principles range from perfect to bounded rationality, from normative constructs (what decision makers should do) to positive constructs (what decision makers actually do), and from utility-maximizing to rule-based decision-making paradigms. The discussion highlights an emerging positive modeling approach that incorporates empirically derived behavior rules in the analysis of route choice. Results show significant discrepancies between link flow estimates arising from different behavioral foundations. For instance, compared with traffic assignment models with more realistic behavioral assumptions, models assuming perfect or substantive rationality can significantly underestimate the level of congestion on the most congested links (e.g., freeway bottlenecks).
On the Information Matrix in Mixed Logit Models Estimation
Authors: Bastin Fabian , Cirillo Cinzia
Published: February 2012

Advanced discrete choice models—in particular, mixed logit models—are used extensively in transportation. Although much progress in estimation techniques has made them numerically appealing, their properties have not been fully explored. This lack of exploration sometimes leads to confusing quality measurements and misinterpretation of the estimates. In this paper, the regularity conditions for which the information equality holds are reviewed, and some underlying technical difficulties in the context of mixed logit modeling are discussed. This paper specifically addresses the questions of correlations between estimated parameters and the validity of the asymptotic normality assumption in complex models, as nonparametric formulations. In the latter case, the population is resampled with the use of bootstrap principles to construct confidence intervals on the estimated parameters. Numerical tests on simulated data are presented to assess the relevance of the problem and the validity of the methods proposed.
Dynamic Activity Generation Model Using Competing Hazard Formulation
Authors: Auld Joshua , Rashidi Taha Hossein , Javanmardi Mahmoud , Mohammadian Abolfazl (Kouros)
Published: February 2012

Rule-based activity scheduling microsimulation models often generate activities for individuals to engage in randomly, on the basis of observed activity rates from survey data. These microsimulation models try to represent more closely the process of activity pattern development. However, the dynamics underlying the activity generation process are often not considered, especially in regard to competition between activities for the limited time resource. This work, then, develops a methodology for generating activities on the basis of the time since the last activity of the same type was generated, by using a hazard-based formulation. In addition, the model explicitly accounts for the competition between activities through the use of a competing hazard framework. The results show that observed activity rates and temporal distributions from survey data can be replicated through simulation of the model in an activity-based scheduling model, the agent-based dynamic activity planning and travel scheduling (ADAPTS) activity scheduler.
Congestion Pricing, Heterogeneous Users, and Travel Time Reliability
Authors: Jiang Lan , Mahmassani Hani S. , Zhang Kuilin
Published: February 2012

With the increasing interest in road pricing strategies to alleviate congestion and improve network performance, this study develops a multi-criterion dynamic user equilibrium (MDUE) traffic assignment model that explicitly considers heterogeneous users who seek to minimize three essential decision attributes: travel time, out-of-pocket cost, and travel time reliability in the underlying path choice framework. The value of time in this study is treated as a continuous random variable distributed across the population of trip makers, and travel time reliability is estimated at a path level. Furthermore, the proposed MDUE model is capable of considering different vehicle classes, namely, low-occupancy vehicles and high-occupancy vehicles; thus, with greater realism in trip makers’ path choice behavior, the MDUE model is applicable for analyzing a variety of road pricing scenarios. To address the practical application aspects for large-scale congested networks, novel implementation techniques are proposed to overcome computational obstacles to real-world application. An application to the New York metropolitan regional network is demonstrated, and a set of numerical experiments is conducted on this network to explore the convergence behavior, solution quality, and required computational time of the MDUE algorithm.
Incorporating Stochastic Road Capacity into Day-to-Day Traffic Simulation and Traveler Learning Framework
Authors: Jia Anxi , Zhou Xuesong , Li Mingxin , Rouphail Nagui M. , Williams Billy M.
Published: February 2012

A key foundation for developing strategies aimed at improving the efficiency and reliability of an urban transportation network is identifying the locations and impact of system bottlenecks. Although free-flow capacity and queue discharge rates at system bottlenecks have traditionally been modeled as fixed values, they are in fact random variables. Therefore, assessing the operational impact of network bottlenecks requires reliable and realistic tools that account for stochasticity in pre-breakdown flow rates and queue discharge rates. Focusing on methodological and analytic enhancements to existing dynamic traffic assignment models, this paper presents a method to seamlessly incorporate stochastic capacity models at freeway bottlenecks and signalized intersections and develops adaptive day-to-day traveler learning and route choice behavioral models under the travel time variability introduced by random capacity variations. To account for different levels of information availability and cognitive limitations of individual travelers, a set of bounded rationality rules are adapted to describe route choice rules for a traffic system with inherent process noise and different information provision strategies. A case study based on a real-world Portland, Oregon, subarea network is presented to illustrate the capabilities of the enhanced simulator and highlight the advantage of modeling stochastic capacity in a dynamic mesoscopic traffic simulator as compared with conventional tools that assume deterministic road capacity.
Properties of Expected Travel Cost Function with Uncertain Travel Time
Authors: Engelson Leonid
Published: February 2012

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of travelers’ scheduling preferences and the resulting form of the expected utility that includes travel time reliability measures. A series of research papers and reports used the mean–standard deviation approach to evaluate policies that improve travel time reliability. Recently, this approach was theoretically substantiated under the conventional assumptions of constant marginal utility of time (MUT) at the origin, two discrete MUT values at the destination, and constant standardized travel time distribution. In this paper, properties of the minimal expected travel cost are investigated with smooth MUTs at the origin and destination of the trip. The influence of small variations in travel time on travel cost is well approximated by a term proportional to the travel time variance and independent of the distribution form of travel time. Two examples of MUT functions are provided: the minimal expected travel cost can be analytically expressed through moments or through a moment generating function of travel time, and conditions are stated guaranteeing that the expected travel cost is exactly additive by independent parts of the trip. These results provide justification in particular for the mean–variance approach to modeling drivers’ decisions under uncertain travel times. This formulation is convenient especially for scheme evaluation in large road networks because it allows the use of conventional network assignment routines by just modifying the volume delay functions to include the travel time variability term.
Staged resection of large vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Raslan Ahmed M. , Liu James K. , McMenomey Sean O. , Delashaw Johnny B.
Published: February 2012

Object

Staged resection of large vestibular schwannomas (VSs) has been proposed as a strategy to improve facial nerve outcomes and morbidity. The authors report their experience with 2-stage resections of large VSs and analyze the indications, facial nerve outcomes, surgical results, and complications. The authors compare these results with those of a similar cohort of patients who underwent a single-stage resection.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients (age > 18 years) who underwent surgery from 2002 to 2010 for large (≥ 3 cm) VSs at the authors' institution with a minimum of 6 months follow-up was undertaken. A first-stage retrosigmoid approach (without meatal drilling) was performed to remove the cerebellopontine angle portion of the tumor and to decompress the brainstem. A decision to stage the operation was made intraoperatively if there was cerebellar or brainstem edema, excessive tumor adherence to the facial nerve or brainstem, a poorly stimulating facial nerve, or a thinned or splayed facial nerve. A second-stage translabyrinthine approach was performed at a later date to remove the remaining tumor. The single-stage resection consisted of a retrosigmoid approach with meatal drilling. Patient charts were evaluated for tumor size, extent of resection, tumor recurrence, House-Brackmann facial nerve function grade, and complications.

Results

Twenty-eight and 19 patients underwent 2- or single-stage resection of a large VS, respectively. The average tumor size was 3.9 cm (range 3.2–7 cm) in the 2-stage group and 3.9 cm (range 3.1–5 cm) in the single-stage group. The mean follow-up was 36 ± 19 months in the 2-stage group versus 24 ± 14 months in the single-stage group. Gross-total or near-total resection was achieved in 27 (96.4%) of 28 patients in the 2-stage group and 15 (79%) of 19 patients in the single-stage group (p < 0.01). Anatomical facial nerve preservation was achieved in all but 1 patient (94.7%), and there were no recurrences on follow-up imaging in the 2-stage group. Good facial nerve functional outcome (House-Brackmann Grades I and II) at last follow-up was achieved in 23 (82%) of 28 patients in the 2-stage group and 10 (53%) of 19 patients in the single-stage group (p < 0.01). Cerebrospinal fluid leak–related complications (intracranial hypotension, blood patch, and lumboperitoneal shunt for pseudomeningocele) were more common in the 2-stage group. There were no postoperative strokes, hemorrhages, or deaths in either group.

Conclusions

The authors' results suggest that staged resection of large VSs may potentially achieve better facial nerve outcomes. There does not appear to be added neurological morbidity with staged resections.
Spinal and paraspinal giant cervical cavernous malformation with postpartum presentation
Authors: Oppenlander Mark E. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Dickman Curtis A.
Published: February 2012

Cavernous malformations (CMs) are found throughout the CNS but are relatively uncommon in the spine. In this report, the authors describe a giant CM with the imaging appearance of an aggressive, invasive, expansive tumor in the cervical spine. The intradural extramedullary portion of the tumor originated from a cervical nerve root; histologically, the lesion was identified as an intraneural CM. Most of the tumor extended into the paraspinal tissues. The tumor was also epidural, intraosseous, and osteolytic and had completely encased cervical nerve roots, peripheral nerves, branches of the brachial plexus, and the vertebral artery on the right side. It became symptomatic during the puerperal period. Gross-total resection was achieved using staged operative procedures, complex dural reconstruction, spinal fixation, and fusion. Clinical, radiographic, and histological details, as well as a discussion of the relevant literature, are provided.
Intramedullary recurrence of germinoma in the spinal cord 15 years after complete remission of a pineal lesion
Authors: Hanakita Shunya , Takenobu Atumi , Kambe Atsushi , Watanabe Takashi , Shin Masahiro , Teraoka Akira
Published: February 2012

The authors present a case of germinoma that was initially found in the pineal region and recurred 15 years later in the intramedullary cervical spinal cord after intensive chemo- and radiotherapy and diagnosis of complete remission.

This 28-year-old man initially presented with seizures. Hydrocephalus and a pineal tumor were found on radiological examination, and partial resection of the tumor was performed. Histological diagnosis showed a pure germinoma. Following surgery, the patient received a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy, and a complete remission was shown. However, after 15 years of follow-up, he presented with gait disturbances. Spinal MRI showed an intramedullary mass lesion in the cervical spinal cord. The cervical lesion was biopsied, and histological examination again revealed a pure germinoma.

With germinomas, the possibility of a drop metastasis from an intracranial lesion to the spinal cord must be considered during follow-up. However, in the present case, analysis of a CSF sample showed no abnormalities as in previously published cases. In recent years, multidisciplinary treatments have demonstrated good event-free survival rates in cases of pure germinomas, but long-term outcomes over the decades are not fully known. Continual follow-up of such cases is recommended even after complete remission has been achieved.
Computational Study on the Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Fluorine-Containing 2,4-Dialkoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans with Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Ota Norio , Kamitori Yasuhiro , Shirai Ryusuke , Hatakenaka Mizuki , Okada Etsuji
Published: February 2012

The reaction of 2,4-diethoxy-6-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1) with aromatic compounds in refluxing acetonitrile in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid gave the mixture of 4-aryl-2-trifluoromethyl-4H-pyrans (3) and 6-aryl-1,1,1-trifluorohexa-3,5-dien-2-ones (4). In contrast, the same reaction carried out in trifluoroacetic acid at ambient temperature afforded 4-aryl-2-ethoxy-6-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans (2) selectively. These two types of reactions giving quite different products under each condition were studied on the basis of DFT calculations. Moreover, the proposed mechanism for the reaction of 5-trifluoroacetyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (5) with aromatic compounds affording butadiene derivatives (6) exclusively was also discussed based on the calculations and comparison with the reactivity of pyrylium intermediate (7).
Biomarker Genes for Detecting Estrogenic Activity of Endocrine Disruptors via Estrogen Receptors
Authors: Jung Eui-Man , An Beum-Soo , Yang Hyun , Choi Kyung-Chul , Jeung Eui-Bae
Published: February 2012

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are compounds used in various industrial products, drugs, and cosmetics. They can be found in the environment and disturb the endocrine and reproductive systems, resulting in adverse effects to humans and wildlife such as birth defects and developmental disorders. Since several EDs have a structure similar to that of endogenous steroid hormones such as estrogens, they intend to have an affinity for steroid hormone receptors and alter hormone-mediated metabolism by binding to these receptors. EDs are therefore a global concern and assays should be developed to efficiently determine whether these compounds are detrimental to biological systems. Diverse experimental methods may help determine the endocrine disrupting potential of EDs and evaluate the adverse effects of a single and/or combination of these reagents. Currently, biomarkers have been employed to objectively measure EDs potency and understand the underlying mechanisms. Further studies are required to develop ideal screening methods and biomarkers to determine EDs potency at environmentally relevant concentrations. In this review, we describe the biomarkers for estrogenicity of EDs identified both in vitro and in vivo, and introduce a biomarker, cabindin-D9k (CaBP-9k), that may be used to assess estrogenic activity of EDs.
Inhibitory Action of Antidepressants on Mouse Betaine/GABA Transporter (BGT1) Heterologously Expressed in Cell Cultures
Authors: Gerile  , Sogawa Chiharu , Ohyama Kazumi , Masuko Takashi , Kusama Tadashi , Morita Katsuya , Sogawa Norio , Kitayama Shigeo
Published: February 2012

Betaine/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (BGT1, SLC6A12) is a member of the Na+- and Cl−-dependent neurotransmitter transporter gene family with a homology to the GABA transporters (GATs), GAT1 (SLC6A1), GAT2 (SLC6A13) and GAT3 (SLC6A11) (HUGO nomenclature). Since antidepressants have been reported to inhibit GABA uptake, we examined those effects on mouse BGT1 (mBGT1) in comparison with other mouse GAT (mGAT) subtypes in the heterologously expressed cell cultures. All antidepressants tested here inhibited the [3H]GABA uptake through mBGT1 and mGATs in a rank order of potency with mBGT1 > mGAT1-3. Kinetic analyses for maprotilline, mianserine and trimipramine revealed that they inhibited mBGT1 and mGAT1 noncompetitively, except that mianserine competitively inhibited mBGT1. These results provided a clue to investigate the structure-function relationship of mBGT1 using antidepressants as a tool, leading to the identification of potential candidates for selective and specific inhibitors of mBGT1.
Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Diels-Alder Cycloadditions via Two-Step and Multicomponent Reactions Promoted by Infrared Irradiation under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Flores-Conde Maria Ines , Reyes Leonor , Herrera Rafael , Rios Hulme , Vazquez Miguel A. , Miranda Rene , Tamariz Joaquin , Delgado Francisco
Published: February 2012

Infrared irradiation promoted the Diels-Alder cycloadditions of exo-2-oxazolidinone dienes 1–3 with the Knoevenagel adducts 4–6, as dienophiles, leading to the synthesis of new 3,5-diphenyltetrahydrobenzo[d]oxazol-2-one derivatives (7, 9, 11 and 13–17), under solvent-free conditions. These cycloadditions were performed with good regio- and stereoselectivity, favoring the para-endo cycloadducts. We also evaluated the one-pot three-component reaction of active methylene compounds 20, benzaldehydes 21 and exo-2-oxazolidinone diene 2 under the same reaction conditions. A cascade Knoevenagel condensation/Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction was observed, resulting in the final adducts 13–16 in similar yields. These procedures are environmentally benign, because no solvent and no catalyst were employed in these processes. The regioselectivity of these reactions was rationalized by Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) calculations.
Determination of the Volatile Composition in Brown Millet, Milled Millet and Millet Bran by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jingke , Tang Xia , Zhang Yuzong , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2012

The volatile compounds from brown millet (BM), milled millet (MM) and millet bran (MB) were extracted using simultaneous distillation/extraction with a Likens-Nickerson apparatus. The extracts were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 65 volatile compounds were identified in all of the samples. Among these compounds, 51, 51 and 49 belonged to BM, MM and MB, respectively. Aldehydes and benzene derivatives were the most numerous among all of the compounds. Three compounds (hexanal, hexadecanoic acid and 2-methylnaphthalene) were dominant in the BM and MM materials. Eight compounds (hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, hexadecanoic acid and 2-pentylfuran) were dominant in the MB materials. Apart from the aromatic molecules, which were present in all fractions, compounds present only in BM, MM or MB were also identified.
Effect of Co-Administration of Rivaroxaban and Clopidogrel on Bleeding Time, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics: A Phase I Study
Authors: Kubitza Dagmar , Becka Michael , Mück Wolfgang , Schwers Stephan
Published: February 2012

Dual antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and a thienopyridine, such as clopidogrel, is effective for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but there is still a substantial residual risk of recurrence. Although anticoagulant therapy with a vitamin K antagonist (e.g. warfarin) in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, the rates of bleeding were increased with these combination therapies; hence, triple therapy with warfarin is currently only recommended in patients at low risk of bleeding. In addition, there are other limitations associated with vitamin K antagonist therapy, including the need for routine coagulation monitoring and dose adjustment to maintain the treatment within the therapeutic range. Rivaroxaban is an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor; in clinical practice, it is likely that rivaroxaban will be given to patients who also receive antiplatelet therapy, such as clopidogrel. This randomized, non-blinded, three-way crossover study investigated the effect of rivaroxaban on bleeding time when co­administered with clopidogrel. In addition, the influence of clopidogrel on the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban was investigated. Of 27 healthy male subjects who received a single 300 mg dose of clopidogrel, 14 were identified as clopidogrel responders and were then randomized to the following three treatments: (A) two doses of clopidogrel on two consecutive days (300 mg on day 1; 75 mg on day 2); (B) one dose of rivaroxaban (15 mg); or (C) a combination of treatments A and B (rivaroxaban given on day 2). All treatments were well tolerated. Bleeding time with co­administration of rivaroxaban and clopidogrel was significantly prolonged in four subjects, compared with either drug alone: combination treatment increased the overall least squares-means to 3.77 times baseline (90% confidence interval [CI] 2.82–4.73), compared with 1.13 times baseline (90% CI 0.17–2.09) with rivaroxaban and 1.96 times baseline (90% CI 0.10–2.91) with clopidogrel. Co-administration of clopidogrel had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban and, when compared with rivaroxaban alone, had no further effects on Factor Xa activity or prothrombin time. Inhibition of ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation by clopidogrel was not affected by rivaroxaban. As expected, owing to the mode of action of each study drug, the results of this study demonstrated that co­administration of the Factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban and the antiplatelet clopidogrel increased the bleeding time in healthy subjects without affecting other pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters of each drug.
Dual Super-Systolic Core for Real-Time Reconstructive Algorithms of High-Resolution Radar/SAR Imaging Systems
Authors: Atoche Alejandro Castillo , Castillo Javier Vázquez
Published: February 2012

A high-speed dual super-systolic core for reconstructive signal processing (SP) operations consists of a double parallel systolic array (SA) machine in which each processing element of the array is also conceptualized as another SA in a bit-level fashion. In this study, we addressed the design of a high-speed dual super-systolic array (SSA) core for the enhancement/reconstruction of remote sensing (RS) imaging of radar/synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor systems. The selected reconstructive SP algorithms are efficiently transformed in their parallel representation and then, they are mapped into an efficient high performance embedded computing (HPEC) architecture in reconfigurable Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms. As an implementation test case, the proposed approach was aggregated in a HW/SW co-design scheme in order to solve the nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem of nonparametric estimation of the power spatial spectrum pattern (SSP) from a remotely sensed scene. We show how such dual SSA core, drastically reduces the computational load of complex RS regularization techniques achieving the required real-time operational mode.
Note sur le statut colonial de Lixus et de Tanger
Authors: Hamdoune Christine
Published: February 2012

Lixus est l'une des cités les plus anciennes de Maurétanie mais son histoire demeure mal connue car le site a livré peu de matériel épigraphique. Le seul renseignement sur son évolution juridique est fourni par le texte de Pline qui au début du livre V de l' Histoire Naturelle signale que Claude en fit une colonie romaine sans préciser s'il s'agit d'une déduction ou d'une élévation honoraire. La similitude des termes employés pour désigner le nouveau statut de Lixus et celui de Tingi conduit à réexaminer la situation des deux cités. L'hypothèse de J. Gascou d'une déduction de colons à Tingi, déjà colonie depuis Auguste, et par là à Lixus, repose sur la lecture d'une monnaie de Mazard. Or l'examen de cette monnaie ne permet pas de conclure à l'existence d'une colonia Iulia. Dès lors, il est possible de proposer une élévation au rang de colonie honoraire pour Tingi et Lixus d'autant plus que Pline présente de façon identique les cas de Tingi, Lixus et Caesarea dont il précise explicitement le rang de colonie honoraire. L'insistance de Pline à détailler le prestige de Lixus, qui n'est pas comme les deux autres cités capitale de province, fournit un argument supplémentaire.
Africani a Roma. Testimonianze epigrafiche di età imperiale di personaggi provenienti dal Nordafrica
Authors: Ricci Cecilia
Published: February 2012

Diversi studi hanno considerato le varie forme della migrazione degli Africani in epoca romana. In questo lavoro si sono raccolte in particolare le iscrizioni, urbane ed extraurbane, che riguardano in tutto 38 civili e 64 militari di origine africana. Questi personaggi, variamente suddivisi nel corso della storia imperiale, hanno in comune il fatto di aver scelto Roma come residenza temporanea o permanente. Pochi dei civili dichiarano la propria professione o lo status sociale. Da questo materiale, certamente poco rappresentativo, si riesce tuttavia a ricavare l'impressione che, dopo essere rimasti legati in un primo momento ad attività umili o di modesta rilevanza sociale (nell'esercito, nello sport, nello spettacolo, nel piccolo commercio, o ancora a servizio presso privati), già a partire dalla metà del II secolo della nostra era, gli Africani esercitano professioni e occupano posti via via più qualificati. Si incontrano così professionisti (avvocati, giuristi, amministratori e funzionali dello Stato) e uomini di lettere (filosofi e poeti). Nel complesso, si tratta di una lenta ma costante penetrazione nei vari strati della società romana, che ha lasciato consistenti tracce nella storia della letteratura come in quella del diritto romano.
Wilmanns, Cagnat et les inscriptions de la « Numidie militaire »
Authors: Le Bohec Yann
Published: February 2012

Après avoir délimité la « Numidie militaire », où ont été trouvées environ 7 000 inscriptions, l'auteur s'attache au Supplément II du Corpus inscriptionum latinarum, VIII, dû pour l'essentiel à R. Cagnat. Ce dernier n'a pas revu tous les textes ; il travaillait parfois de mémoire, et il recopiait des manuscrits sans trop se soucier du détail. On ne doit pas nier les mérites de R. Cagnat, mais on préférera souvent aux siennes les leçons de G. Wilmanns.
Système migratoire et métiers du care : comment les évolutions démographiques produisent de nouvelles migrations
Authors: Bornia Laurent , Jonsson Rebecka , Quencez Martin , Soszynska Marta , Tateo Carlo
Published: February 2012

Le vieillissement de la population des pays industrialisés a permis le développement d’un marché du care , car la prise en charge à domicile des personnes âgées n’est plus assurée par le système familial traditionnel. Un réseau d’associations, d’entreprises mais aussi de travailleurs free-lance se met en place afin de répondre à la demande croissante d’auxiliaires de vie sociale (AVS). Les relations entre le développement des métiers du care et les flux migratoires sont encore mal connues, mais alors que de plus en plus de femmes immigrées sont employées pour prendre en charge les personnes âgées à leur domicile, un véritable système migratoire se met en place dans lequel l’offre de travail répond à une demande en travailleurs et les problématiques de la migration se trouvent étroitement liées aux spécificités de ce marché grandissant.
Vieillissement et dévieillissement : un débat européen
Authors: Cagiano de Azevedo Raimondo , Castagnaro Cinzia , Wihtol de Wenden Catherine
Published: February 2012

Le vieillissement démographique est un phénomène qui se manifeste dans tous les pays développés et qui émerge dans les pays du sud. Il se mesure notamment par le changement de configuration de la pyramide des âges qui passe d'une pyramide conique à une pyramide en colonne et par l'évolution de l'âge médian, qui sépare en deux parts égales la population d'un pays ou de toute autre entité. En Italie, par exemple, l'âge médian est passé de 28 ans en 1951 à 41 ans aujourd'hui : on est donc « jeune » jusqu'à 41 ans, ce que l'on peut définir par le dévieillissement. Paradoxalement, l'âge de la retraite est resté à peu près inchangé, parfois même avec un départ précoce, entre 60 et 65 ans, raccourcissant ainsi l'âge adulte à une période allant de 40 à 65 ans. Dans le même temps être centenaire est devenu fréquent et l'ensemble de l'état-providence se trouve confronté à une population jeune qui vieillit et à une population âgée qui va rajeunir car elle est plus jeune à 70 ans en 2011 qu'il y a 20 ans. Il s'agit là d'un changement radical en deux générations, qui va s'étendre à toutes les populations du monde dans les prochaines décennies.
Identités professionnelles, ethnicité et racisme à l'hôpital : l'exemple de services de gériatrie
Authors: Bertossi Christophe , Prud'homme Dorothée
Published: February 2012

Cet article propose une analyse de la « diversité » ethnoculturelle à partir d’un questionnement sur la construction des identités sociales en contexte hospitalier. Nous y exposons une série d’hypothèses sur la structure des négociations qui conduisent les membres de l’institution à trouver des compromis à propos des identités professionnelles, de la place de leur institution dans le reste de la société et de la représentation de populations perçues comme minoritaires dans la composition du personnel institutionnel. Ces hypothèses sont ensuite testées par l’analyse d’interactions ordinaires au sein de services gériatriques, entre des professionnels majoritairement « noirs » ou « immigrés » et leurs patients âgés, pour la plupart « blancs » et « natifs de natifs ». Nous constatons que la relation de soin y est perturbée par les usages de catégories raciales et ethniques généralement considérées comme illégitimes dans ce contexte institutionnel, mais que ces perturbations n’empêchent pas la réalisation du soin, priorité des professionnels de santé.
Vieillesse des immigrés : quelques interrogations d'actualité
Authors: Samaoli Omar
Published: February 2012

Considérée longtemps comme un phénomène marginal ou ne concernant qu'une frange particulière de la population immigrée, la question de la vieillesse des immigrés se révèle de plus en plus dans une autre complexité avec des ramifications qui dépassent de loin la seule réglementation sur le séjour. Les questions juridiques, éthiques et socio-sanitaires que soulève cette présence aujourd'hui en France, sont des révélateurs des déficits, des dysfonctionnements ou de l'absence d'intérêt des politiques publiques à l'endroit de ces personnes âgées.
« vieillir » dans deux pays : une situation alimentaire « combinée » pour les migrants retraités « Sénégalais » de Bordeaux
Authors: Crenn Chantal
Published: February 2012

Notre enquête amorcée depuis 2009 est centrée sur les parcours alimentaires (liés aux parcours de vie) de retraités « sénégalais » des usines Ford et Lu de Bordeaux et de leurs épouses, le plus souvent agents d’entretien. Cette recherche se déroulant au Sénégal et en France permet de présenter la façon dont la confrontation de ces retraités « sénégalais » à d’autres manières de manger, de se soigner, de se préoccuper ou non de son corps lors de leur réinstallation temporaire à Dakar interroge leur identité de « vieux » émigrants mais aussi de « vieux » « immigrés » à Bordeaux.
Vieillir et mourir en Afrique ou en France ? Regards croisés de deux générations d'immigrés subsahariens
Authors: Barou Jacques , Gallou Rémi
Published: February 2012

L'enquête réalisée auprès de soixante personnes originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne explore les représentations de la vieillesse de parents nés et socialisés en Afrique et de leurs enfants, nés et élevés en France. Pour les premiers, vieillir en Afrique reste positif car c'est acquérir un statut privilégié. La vieillesse en France est au contraire perçue comme un univers de solitude et de déconsidération. Les enfants qui ont une vision idéalisée de la vieillesse en Afrique, n'imaginent ni le retour des parents au pays, ni leur placement en institution. Ils entrevoient déjà les difficultés d'une nouvelle cohabitation. Reste l’éthique du devoir qui unit les deux générations : de solidarité vis-à-vis du pays des ancêtres d'un côté et de gratitude des enfants envers leurs parents de l'autre.
Les antillais retraités en métropole : trajets de vie
Authors: Vaschalde-Florentiny Danièle , Dorion Georges
Published: February 2012

Ville portuaire et siège, durant les trente glorieuses, d’une industrie en croissance, la ville du Havre a accueilli, depuis les années 50, une population active et jeune issue d’une immigration antillaise encouragée pendant une vingtaine d’années par les pouvoirs politiques. Les différentes phases de cette politique sont ici exposées et les ressorts du choix du Havre pour lieu de retraite sont analysés à la lumière de l’interview d’un échantillon de 32 retraités originaires des Antilles, dont 27 nés en Martinique, ayant choisi de rester dans la région havraise.
De l'art de redonner fierté et efficacité à des fonctionnaires inquiets
Authors: Le Parco Jean-Marc
Published: February 2012

Résumé Une démarche patiente, et inspirée, aboutit à ce que nul ne croyait plus : transformer une administration en voie de déliquescence, en un service administratif performant, avec des agents fiers de leur mission et heureux d’incarner le service public.
La dynamique de danone.communities
Authors: Marchant Emmanuel
Published: February 2012

Résumé Franck Riboud et Muhammad Yunus créent en 2005 la Grameen Danone Food, qui lance dès 2007 une usine de yaourts fortifiés au Bengladesh. Ensuite, une SICAV est créée, danone.communities, pour favoriser des projets nouveaux dans le monde et associer les acteurs du social business.
Total et les technologies vertes : small and big are more beautiful together
Authors: Schächter Vincent
Published: February 2012

Résumé Les nouvelles technologies de l’énergie se développent surtout dans les start-ups, et Total GEN ambitionne d’être le leader dans le photovoltaïque et les biotechnologies blanches en s’appuyant de façon originale sur un réseau de laboratoires et de start-ups.
Intracranial Capillary Hemangioma Mimicking a Dissociative Disorder
Authors: John Santosh G. , Pillai Unnikrishnan , Lacasse Alexander
Published: February 2012

Capillary hemangiomas, hamartomatous proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, are rare in the central nervous system (CNS). Intracranial capillary hemangiomas presenting with reversible behavioral abnormalities and focal neurological deficits have rarely been reported. We report a case of CNS capillary hemangioma presenting with transient focal neurological deficits and behavioral abnormalities mimicking Ganser’s syndrome. Patient underwent total excision of the vascular malformation, resulting in complete resolution of his symptoms.
Macht, onmacht en volmacht in 1 Timoteüs 2:8−15
Authors: Van Houwelingen P. H. Rob
Published: February 2012

Power, powerlessness and authorised power in 1 Timothy 2:8−15.Thinking in terms of ecclesiastical power has often found a breeding ground in the Pastoral Epistles. To what extent is this justified? This article will examine a passage that always comes up when the position of women in the church is discussed: 1 Timothy 2:8−15. Consecutively, three aspects will be considered: power, powerlessness and authorised power. Power says something about the underlying problem that Timothy faced: the male or female relationships in the church of Ephesus threatened to degenerate into a power struggle. Powerlessness refers to the story of Adam and Eve referred to in verses 13−15. Its focus is the woman, Eve. The book of Genesis tells the story of human weakness, which becomes in the first letter to Timothy a sort of triptych about Eve and the Creation, Eve and the Fall and Eve and the Redemption. Authorised power is the way Paul tries to regulate the problematic situation in the congregation with apostolic rules. Not only because he wants something (βούλομαι) or because he does not allow something (οὐκ ἐπιτρέπω) , but also in particular to create space for the faithful Word.
The impact of the Bible and Bible themes on John Rangiah's Ministry in South Africa
Authors: Ragwan Rodney
Published: February 2012

John Rangiah was the first Indian Baptist missionary who came to Natal (today called KwaZulu-Natal). He was born in India in 1866 and died in 1915. He established the first Telugu Baptist Church on the African continent in Kearsney, Natal. In the corpus of South African Baptist mission literature, the contribution of John Rangiah is given very little attention. Although he is referenced by Baptist historians for his work amongst Indian Baptists, the impact of the Bible and Bible themes as well as his theology in South Africa have not been examined. This article provides insight into Rangiah�s early life and faith, and critically examines his understanding of the Bible and its themes, such as the Bible, prayer, salvation and eschatological hope. These themes will be critically examined from a conservative evangelical perspective and thereafter attempts to examine these using elements of post-colonial hermeneutics will be undertaken.
Extreme climate, not extreme weather: the summer of 1816 in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Auchmann R. , Brönnimann S. , Breda L. , Bühler M. , Spadin R. , Stickler A.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We analyze weather and climate during the "Year without Summer" 1816 using sub-daily data from Geneva, Switzerland, representing one of the climatically most severely affected regions. The record includes twice daily measurements and observations of air temperature, pressure, cloud cover, wind speed, and wind direction as well as daily measurements of precipitation. Comparing 1816 to a contemporary reference period (1799–1821) reveals that the coldness of the summer of 1816 was most prominent in the afternoon, with a shift of the entire distribution function of temperature anomalies by 3–4 °C. Early morning temperature anomalies show a smaller change for the mean, a significant decrease in the variability, and no changes in negative extremes. Analyzing cloudy and cloud-free conditions separately suggests that an increase in the number of cloudy days was to a significant extent responsible for these features. A daily weather type classification based on pressure, pressure tendency, and wind direction shows extremely anomalous frequencies in summer 1816, with only one day (compared to 20 in an average summer) classified as high-pressure situation but a tripling of low-pressure situations. The afternoon temperature anomalies expected from only a change in weather types was much stronger negative in summer 1816 than in any other year. For precipitation, our analysis shows that the 80% increase in summer precipitation compared to the reference period can be explained by 80% increase in the frequency of precipitation, while no change could be found neither in the average intensity of precipitation nor in the frequency distribution of extreme precipitation. In all, the analysis shows that the regional circulation and local cloud cover played a dominant role. It also shows that the summer of 1816 was an example of extreme climate, not extreme weather.
The FAMOUS climate model (versions XFXWB and XFHCC): description update to version XDBUA
Authors: Smith R. S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. FAMOUS is an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model of low resolution, based on version 4.5 of the UK MetOffice Unified Model. Here we update the model description to account for changes in the model as it is used in the CMIP5 EMIC model intercomparison project (EMICmip) and a number of other studies. Most of these changes correct errors found in the code. The EMICmip version of the model (XFXWB) has a better-conserved water budget and additional cooling in some high latitude areas, but otherwise has a similar climatology to previous versions of FAMOUS. A variant of XFXWB is also described, with changes to the dynamics at the top of the model which improve the model climatology (XFHCC).