bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of the Effect of Controlled Drainage on Soil Water and Nitrogen Balance
Authors: Yuan Niannian , Xiong Yujiang , Li Yalong , Xu Baokun , Liu Fengli
Published: August 2021

Field experiments and micro test pit experiments are conducted at the Four Lake Watershed with a shallow groundwater table in the Hubei province of China in order to study the effect of controlled pipe drainage on soil moisture and nitrogen under different experiment scales. Soil moisture and nitrogen contents are continuously observed at the effective soil depth; water and nitrogen balance are calculated after several heavy rainfalls. The results showed that controlled pipe drainage significantly reduced the fluctuation of soil water content in the entire growth stage. There is a positive correlation between the soil moisture and the control water level in the test pits but no obvious correlation between them in the field experiments, which is related to the vertical and lateral recharge of groundwater in the field. After rainfall, soil organic matter mineralization was enhanced, and the control pipe drainage measures increased the relative content of soil mineralized ammonia nitrogen, which enhanced the stability of soil nitrogen and helped to reduce the loss of nitrogen. The calculation of soil water and nitrogen balance in the field and micro-area after rainfall showed that the soil water storage increased in the effective soil layer under the control water level of 30 cm and 50 cm after rainfall, and the amount of nitrogen mineralization was larger than that under the free drainage treatment.
Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt
Authors: Alnaimy Manal A. , Shahin Sahar A. , Vranayova Zuzana , Zelenakova Martina , Abdel-Hamed Enas Mohamed Wagdi
Published: August 2021

There is consensus on the impact of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and heavy metal accumulation. The studies that show the impact of temporal changes as a result of different long-term additions of wastewater on the heavy metal accumulation and degradation of soil are extremely limited. This study was carried out to assess heavy metal contamination in soils irrigated with wastewater for more than 30 years in Egypt. A total number of 12 irrigation water samples and 12 soil profiles were collected during 2020 and were chemically characterized. The results showed that soils irrigated with wastewater over the long term contained significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to fields irrigated with fresh water. Heavy metal levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits, with the exception of Cd concentration in water (0.03 mg L−1). Continuous cultivation for a long period of time (30 years) using raw urban wastewater application has led to the adverse effect of increasingly available Pb concentration (5.44 mg kg−1). Similar temporal behavior was seen for Cd and Fe, which increased by 0.98 and 11.2 mg kg−1, respectively, after 30 years. The heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils significantly increased in clayey soils, as compared to sandy soils irrigated from the same source. Our findings provide important information for decision makers in Egypt and similar countries for the development of a strategy for the use of wastewater in irrigation for sustainable agricultural management.
In-Stream Variability of Litter Breakdown and Consequences on Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Omoniyi Gbenga Emmanuel , Bergerot Benjamin , Pellan Laura , Delmotte Maëva , Crave Alain , Heyman Joris , Piscart Christophe
Published: August 2021

Energy derived from leaf litter decomposition fuels food webs in forested streams. However, the natural spatial variability of the decomposition rate of leaf litter and the relative contributions of its drivers are poorly known at the local scale. This study aims to determine the natural in-stream variability of leaf litter decomposition rates in successive riffles and to quantify the factors involved in this key ecosystem process at the local scale. Experiments were conducted on six successive riffles in nine streams in north-western France to monitor the decomposition rate in fine (microbial decomposition, kf) and coarse (total decomposition, kc) mesh bags. We recorded 30 ± 2% (mean ± S.E.) variation in kc among riffles and 43 ± 4% among streams. kf variability was 15 ± 1% among riffles and 20 ± 3% among streams. However, in-stream variability was higher than between-stream variability in four of the nine streams. Streambed roughness was negatively related to decomposition and was the most important factor for both total and microbial decomposition. Our study shows that the natural variability of the decomposition rate resulting from the local morphological conditions of habitats could be very important and should be taken into consideration in studies using leaf litter assays as a bio-indicator of anthropogenic impacts in streams.
Nanostructured vitamin E: its properties and application in functional foods
Authors: Krolevets A.A. , Myachikova N.I. , Binkovskaya O.V. , Glotova S.G. , Semichev K.M. , Mamaeva E.M. , Shkondin E.A.
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the properties of nanostructured vitamin E (self-organization and the size of nanocapsules are determined using the NTA method) and its use in functional food products.

English version of the article is available on pp. 400-407 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/nanostructured-vitamin-e-its-properties-and-application-in-functional-foods/66135.html
Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde 5 Yıllık Brusella Sonuçlarının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜR VURAL Demet , ÇINAR Canberk , ÇOBAN Çağrı , TANRIVERDİ ÇAYCI Yeliz , BİLGİN Kemal , BIRINCI Asuman
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bruselloz; dünyada yaygın bakteriyel zoonoz olup ülkemizde de sık olarak görülebilmektedir. İnsanlarda gelişen bruselloz hastalığının tanısında başlıca kültür ve serolojik yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Biz hastanemizde bruselloz serosürveyansını görmeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem: Temmuz 2014-Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen bruselloz açısından şüpheli örnekler Rose Bengal ve testi ile değerlendirilmiş olup Rose Bengal testinde aglütinasyon gözlenen örnekler pozitif sayılmıştır. Brucella Coombs jel testinde ise önce hasta örneklerinin seumları, hastalar için ayrılan kuyular içinde yapılmış olup (1/40-1/5120) 1/160 ve üzerindeki titreler pozitif olarak kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 13796 bruselloz şüpheli hasta örneğinden Rose Bengal testi pozitif 1040 (%7,5) hasta bulunmuştur. Brucella Coombs jel testi pozitif olan hasta sayısı ise 468 (%3,4) dir. Rose Bengal testi pozitif olup Brucella Coombs jel testi negatif olan 615 (%4,5), Rose Bengal testi negatif olup Brucella Coombs jel testi pozitif olan 43 hasta (%0,3) bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Rose Bengal ve Brucella Coombs jel testi kullanılarak hastanemizde son 5 yıldaki brusella serosürveyansını araştırdık. Son yıllarda kullanımı yaygınlaşan Brucella Coombs jel testi ile elde ettiğimiz sonuçların birçok laboratuvarda kullanılan Standart tüp aglütinasyon testi ile uyumlu olduğunu özellikle blokan antikorlar varlığında sonuçların daha güvenilir olabileceğini ve ilerde birçok merkezde kullanılabileceğini gösterdik.
Roberto Calasso e a edição como gênero literário
Authors: Klein Kelvin Falcão
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do artigo é expor, contextualizar e analisar a proposição feita pelo escritor e editor italiano Roberto Calasso acerca da “edição como gênero literário”, presente em um dos ensaios de seu livro A marca do editor. Para Calasso, a configuração da edição como gênero literário está na capacidade de absorver novidades e, ao mesmo tempo, permanecer fiel a certo padrão de excelência, fidelidade assegurada pelo editor. Disso decorre a ênfase dada por Calasso aos casos exemplares, dos quais se destacam Aldo Manúcio (1449-1515) e Kurt Wolff (1887-1963). A partir de noções como as de “livro único” e “bricolagem”, resgatando autores como Claude Lévi-Strauss, Aby Warburg e Jorge Carrión, este artigo busca relacionar criticamente várias etapas da carreira de Calasso e da editora Adelphi, analisando as repercussões filosóficas, culturais e técnicas de suas reflexões sobre o trabalho da edição.
Blair a Crusoé
Authors: Cass Thiago Rhys Bezerra
Published: August 2021

Examina-se a longa e contraditória relação de Fernandes Pinheiro com o romance. De sua indiferença inicial em face do gênero, tido como inovação literária dirigida a um público semiletrado, até o posterior reconhecimento de sua investidura na figuração da modernidade, duas referências emergem: os Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres (1783), de Hugh Blair, e Robinson Crusoé (1719), de Daniel Defoe.
fenomenologia da imagem poética do laço
Authors: Leite Thaís Seabra
Published: August 2021

Os sinos da agonia revela intertextualidade não apenas com o tema, como a crítica literária recorrentemente reforça, mas também com o diagrama imagético das obras com que dialoga. A fim de traçar aproximações e distinções entre o romance de Autran Dourado e a tragédia de Hipólito, serão examinadas as versões de Eurípides, Sêneca e Racine do drama. O estudo considera as traduções e notas de Carlos Miralles, Flávio Ribeiro de Oliveira e Joaquim Brasil Fontes, além das reflexões de Gaston Bachelard sobre a imaginação poética. Dentre os muitos aspectos a serem considerados, a ênfase deste artigo recai sobre a fenomenologia do laço, imagem poética recorrente tanto no romance autraniano quanto nas três versões do Hipólito.
Ar/SF6 plasma simulation for dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma incorporating gas flow simulation and secondary electron emission
Authors: Takagi Shigeyuki , Kawamura Suguru , Sekine Makoto
Published: August 2021

We developed the coupled calculation of plasma and gas flows in simulations for dual-frequency excited Ar/SF6 plasma. By focusing on the effect of secondary electron emission (SEE), we varied SEE coefficient γ and determined γ = 0.04 from the comparison of calculation results with the experimental results. The dependence of electron density on spatial distribution and SF6 gas partial pressure was compared between calculation and experimental results. As a result, at SF6 = 5.0 sccm, the calculated electron densities at the center and edge were almost the same as the experimental results. Furthermore, at SF6 = 2.5 sccm, the error from the experiment including the spatial distribution was in the range of −11.03 to 4.11%, and the results of coupled calculation of plasma and gas flows in simulations can reproduce the experimental results under at a SF6 partial pressure in the range from 2.5 to 5.0 sccm.
Инновационная технология полутвёрдого сыра из козьего молока для специализированного питания
Authors: Щетинина Елена Михайловна , Гаврилова Наталья Борисовна , Чернопольская Наталья Леонидовна , Соловьева Наталья Ивановна
Published: August 2021

В статье представлено научное обоснование актуальности использования козьего молока для разработки технологии полутвёрдого сыра на его основе и расширения ассортимента производства сыров в России. Научная новизна исследований заключается в использовании молока коз зааненской породы Алтайского края в разработке технологии полутвердого сыра с повышенной биологической ценностью, а также экспериментально подтвержден способ повышения сыропригодности козьего молока путем внесения корректирующих ингредиентов: полисахарида и КНК. Использование комбинированных упаковочных материалов позволило увеличить срок годности сыра до трех месяцев во время хранения при температуре 4±2 °С. Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по выбору биотехнологических ингредиентов и разработке технологических параметров производства  полутвёрдого козьегосыра, который рекомендуется для использования в процессе организации здорового питания населения разных возрастных групп, благодаря своей биологической ценности и функциональным свойствам.
A Theory for Analysis of Pulse Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: xiao gaobiao
Published: August 2021

A theory for analyzing the
radiative and reactive energies for pulse radiators in free space is presented.
With the proposed definition of reactive energies and radiative energies, power
balance at arbitrarily chosen observation surfaces are established, which
intuitively shows that the Poynting vector contains not only the power flux
density associated with the radiative energies, but also the influence of the
fluctuation of the reactive energies dragging by the sources. A new vector is
defined for the radiative power flux density. The radiative energies passing
through observation surfaces enclosing the radiator are accurately calculated.
Numerical results verifies that the proposed radiative flux density is more
proper for expressing the radiative power flux density than the Poynting vector.
Power Transport Theorem Based Decoupling Mode Theory for Wave-guiding Structures
Authors: Lian Renzun , Xia Mingyao
Published: August 2021

Power transport theorem (PTT) governing the transport process of the power-flow passing through waveguide is derived. The input power as the source term in PTT is found to be the one for sustaining a stationary power transport, and the corresponding input power operator (IPO) is formulated. The travelling-wave condition satisfied by the travelling-wave modes one-directionally propagating along the waveguide is introduced as a counterpart of the famous Sommerfeld's radiation condition satisfied by the radiative fields distributing in far zone. Employing the travelling-wave condition and some other necessary conditions, the dependent currents in IPO are effectively eliminated. Under PTT framework, the recently developed decoupling mode theory (DMT) for wave-port-fed antennas is further generalized to waveguides. The PTT-based DMT (PTT-DMT) focuses on constructing a set of energy-decoupled modes (DMs) for any pre-selected objective waveguide by orthogonalizing the IPO with only independent current, and any two different DMs don't have net energy exchange in an integral period. The PTT-DMT is an effective alternative for classical eigen-mode theory. The alternative realizes an effective unification for waveguide-oriented modal analysis theory and antenna-oriented modal analysis theory, such that the theories can be easily integrated into a single theory for whole waveguide-antenna combined system in the future.
A Coordinate Displacement Compensation Based Quality Enhancement Method for Chroma Subsampling and Upsampling on VVC
Authors: Chung Kuo-Liang
Published: August 2021

Prior to encoding an input RGB full-color image IRGB, at the server side, performing chroma subsampling on the converted chroma image is a necessary step. After receiving the decompressed subsampled chroma image and luma

image at the client side, performing chroma upsampling is also a necessary step for reconstructing the RGB full-color image. In this paper, we consider seven commonly used chroma subsampling methods, denoted by Cs, and four widely used chroma upsampling methods, denoted by Cu. For each combination cs-cu in CsxCu, we first utilize the moment balance law to analyze the coordinate displacement (CD) bias problem occurring in cs. Next, for the combination cs-cu, we analyze the CD bias problem occurring in the transition from the server side to the client side. Then, we explain why the CD bias problem degrades the quality of the reconstructed RGB full-color images in the current coding system. To remedy this CD bias problem, a CD compensationbased (CDC-based) quality enhancement method is proposed to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in this research direction. Based on the IMAX, Kodak, SCI (screen content images), and Video datasets, the comprehensive experimental results have demonstrated that on the newly released versatile video coding (VVC) platform VTM-12.0, the proposed CDC-based quality enhancement method in our augmented coding system can achieve substantial quality improvement for 17 combinations in CsxCu.
Online learning in the post-Covid-19 pandemic era: Is our higher education ready for it?
Authors: Djidu Hasan , Mashuri Sufri , Nasruddin Nasruddin , Sejati Andri Estining , Rasmuin Rasmuin , Ugi La Eru , Arua Afudin La
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to describe the challenges of higher education in implementing online learning during the pandemic Covid-19 outbreak. This study was a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected from 408 students and 20 Lectures from 6 public universities and 6 private universities in Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku, by filling out online questionaires and in-depth interviews via social media. The process of data analysis was data reduction, identifying themes, mapping interrelationships between themes, and concluding findings The results of data analysis showed that there were two main challenges, both for lecturers and students. First, limited resources, such as electronic devices (laptops/smartphones/others), learning resources, electricity, and internet connections. Second, lack of knowledge/skills on how to use the online learning media, finding and/or providing learning resources, managing online learning, providing online measuring tools, and carrying out online assessments. This condition has the greatest impact on students from low economic families, and who live in areas with limited access to learning facilities, such as electricity, and internet connections. Most of them lose learning opportunities because of these limitations.Â  Third, the difficulty of time management during the online learning period.
Development of rGO/Fe3O4 Composites as Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Kusumawati Diah Hari , Mufida Rahayu Yudia
Published: August 2021

The rGO/Fe3O4 composite is one type of composites that can be used as a biosensor material, especially glucose sensors. The main ingredients of the composite synthesis are graphite and iron sand. The synthesis process of Fe3O4 was done using the coprecipitation method, while the graphite oxidation process was accomplished using the modified Hummer's method. The composites were formed using the ex-situ wet mixing method. The formed iron sand and graphite were characterized using FTIR and XRD, and it was found that Fe3O4 was formed from the appearance of the Fe-O bond, the oxidation process of graphite was seen from the appearance of the C=O bond, and the detection of Fe peaks corresponded to the cubic crystal plane. Likewise, the composites formed were also characterized using FTIR and XRD for identification of the rGO/Fe3O4 composite formation. It was proven from the presence of Fe-O and C-O bonds and the appearance of an amorphous peak of rGO in the XRD results. The performance of theÂ  rGO/Fe3O4 composites as the glucose biosensor was examined by varying the mass of Fe3O4 on the composite, using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The performance of the rGO/Fe3O4 composite biosensor in absorbing glucose reached optimum at a mass variation of 0.3 grams of Fe3O4, as demonstrated by by the lowest absorbance peak with an intensity of 0.0048 at a wavelength of 440 nm, corresponding to glucose entrappment of 7.1 mg/gram.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Thin Layers using Sol-Gel Spin Coating Method
Authors: Ahzan Sukainil , Darminto Darminto , Nugroho Ferry Anggoro Ardy , Prayogi Saiful
Published: August 2021

The potential of thin layer in many applications has led to research on the development of many new materials and their fabrication methods. This study aimed to synthesize a thin layer of ZnO using the facile and low-cost sol-gel spin coating method. The ZnO thin layer is deposited on a glass substrate and analyzed to observe the influence of the deposition variables such as heating and rotation speed, and its aging. The characterization methods include the identification of the formed phase using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and the microstructure and elemental composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer). The study shows that a thin layer of ZnO is successfully deposited on a glass substrate by heat treatment at temperatures of 300 oC and 500 oC. Furthermore, XRD reveals that higher heating temperatures result in higher diffraction peak intensity. At a heating temperature of 300 °C crystals are formed but are not yet perfectly oriented, while they are at 500 °C. On the other hand, higher spin coating rotation speed gives rise to lower intensity of diffraction peak. The ZnO crystallization is easier to form in the coating process with a lower rotation (1500 rpm). Interestingly, the thin layer is stable over time where there is no significant change in each sample, both in terms of intensity and width of the ZnO crystal peak. The results indicate that gel precursor aged less than two days can form ZnO crystals. Finally, SEM results show that the surface morphology of the ZnO layer heated at 500 oC has an average grain size of 300 nm. Based on the cross-sectional results of SEM shows that the higher the coating rotation speed has resulted the thinner of the ZnO layer, where the thickness of the resulting layer is on order >5 mm.
Addition of disaccharides and dimethyl sulfoxide to sodium alginate gel improves viability of immobilized Saccharomyces boulardii after cryopreservation
Authors: Vysekantsev Igor , Buriak Iryna , Martsenyuk Valentyna , Gurina Tetiana , Pushkova Evgeniya
Published: August 2021

Gel-immobilized microorganisms are increasingly used in microbiological industries. Currently, the problem of developing technologies for long-term storage of microorganisms immobilized in gel carriers remains urgent. Low-temperature storage is the most effective method of preserving microorganisms. The viability of immobilized cells is affected by cryoprotective properties of gel matrix as well as cooling regimes. Therefore, the effects of incorporation of cryoprotective agents in alginate gel and cooling regimes on the viability of immobilized Saccharomyces boulardii cells after cryopreservation were studied. Incorporation of non-permeable cryoprotectants (sucrose, lactose, and trehalose) and permeable one dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in alginate gel beads promoted an increase in the viability of immobilized cells after freeze-thawing. The highest viability rates of the gel-immobilized cells were observed in the alginate gel beads incorporating combinations of DMSO (5 – 10 % v/v) and one of the disaccharides (10 – 20 % w/v). In all experiments, slow cooling provided significantly higher viability if compared to the rapid immersion of the samples into liquid nitrogen.
Effect of various factors on anthocyanins extraction from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Authors: Aditiyarini Dwi , Iswuryani Ester Oktaviana
Published: August 2021

An antioxidant compound is the main compound that is used to prevent cell damage from free radicals. These unstable molecules can be produced in the environmental condition such as pollution or lifestyle. One of the antioxidant molecules are anthocyanins, which can be found in the butterfly pea flower. This compound could be obtained from the extraction process. However, extraction conditions such as sample/solvent ratio, extraction time, and pH are the main factors in maximizing the yield. In this research, various factors on anthocyanins and phenolic content in butterfly pea extract were studied to get the optimum extraction condition. Extraction of the butterfly pea flower was done using the agitation method with heating and water solvent at 60 °C and various parameters. The sample was a dried butterfly pea flower. Various factors in extraction were: sample/solvent ratio, 1 : 20 and 1 : 50 (g.mL-1), extraction time of 90 and 150 min, and pH 1.0 and 7.0. Yield is calculated by comparing the extract weight before and after drying. Total anthocyanins content and total phenolic content are determined spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, the extraction of anthocyanins was affected by the stability of structures at different pH values. The highest total anthocyanins content was 1,206.77 mg.L-1 at sample/solvent ratio 1 : 20, 90 min and pH 1.0 conditions. Then, the maximum total phenolic content was 94.04 GAE mg.mg-1 sample at the sample/solvent ratio 1 : 50, 90 min and pH 7.0.
Impact of inorganic powder additives on the size and morphology of pellets of the microscopic filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger
Authors: Nosalj Sanja , Šimonovičová Alexandra , Jesenák Karol , Hudec Pavol
Published: August 2021

This paper has been focused on the impact of the set of microcrystal water-insoluble inorganic additives to dimension characteristics of pellets of the microscopic filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. The selection of powder substances included montmorillonite clay mineral, silicon dioxide, iron oxide, one zeolitic tuff with mineral clinoptilolite as its main component, three synthetic zeolites, Na-mordenite, NaY and Na-ZSM-5, and titanium dioxide. This group is comprised of substances that are often components of various natural waters (including contaminated waters) and also frequent components of soil. Exceptions are synthetic zeolites and titanium dioxide. The impact of aforementioned substances was monitored on four Aspergillus niger strains isolated from soils at four Slovak locations, markedly differing in soil reaction values. Three of these soil samples have been affected by considerable contamination due to previous mining activities. Clay mineral montmorillonite reduced the size of the pellets regardless of the origin of strains, while the impact of other inorganic substances was either weak or variable depending on the type of inorganic substance and source location of the strains. The impact of natural zeolitic tuff was also similar, however, less significant.
HUBUNGAN SANITASI TEMPAT PENGGILINGAN DAGING DENGAN KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS (Salmonella sp.) DAGING GILING
Authors: Setyawati Rinda Astri , . Narwati , Adam Deddy
Published: August 2021

Daging giling merupakan jenis bahan pangan yang mudah rusak (perishable food). Kerusakan dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella melalui faktor sanitasi tempat diantaranya lokasi, bangunan, tata ruang dan fasilitas sanitasi. Faktor sanitasi tempat penggilingan daging di Pasar Tambah Rejo yang tidak memenuhi syarat berdasarkan Perka BPOM No. 5 Tahun 2015 berpotensi menyebabkan kontaminasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan sanitasi tempat penggilingan daging dengan kualitas bakteriologis (Salmonella sp.) daging giling di Pasar Tambah Rejo Surabaya Tahun 2020.Desain penelitian merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh daging giling di tempat penggilingan daging Pasar Tambah Rejo Surabaya sejumlah 6 dan air bersih di tempat penggilingan daging Pasar Tambah Rejo Surabaya sejumlah 1. Besar sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi dan uji laboratorium. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi spearman rank.Hasil penelitian diperoleh 5 lokasi tempat penggilingan daging kurang memenuhi syarat, 4 bangunan kurang memenuhi syarat, 2 tata ruang kurang memenuhi syarat, 5 fasilitas sanitasi cukup memenuhi syarat. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan p value (0,016) (0,05) mengindikasikan bahwa ada hubungan antara sanitasi tempat penggilingan daging dengan kualitas bakteriologis (Salmonella sp.) pada daging giling di Pasar Tambah Rejo Surabaya tahun 2020.Disarankan pekerja membersihkan lantai dengan cara mengepel menggunakan cairan desinfektan, PD Pasar Surya dapat merealisasikan program perbaikan saluran pembuangan yang terbuka dengan memberi penutup berupa penutup dari bahan besi.
Etnografía y Trabajo Social: vivencias, perspectivas e intervención
Authors: Romero Plana Virginia
Published: August 2021

Hablar de las ciencias sociales es dialogar sobre un acercamiento a la realidad social, analizar sus estructuras y dinámicas y armar líneas de entendimiento. La antropología aplicada y el trabajo social son dos disciplinas que comparten un interés común: aportan un amplio mundo de soluciones y alternativas a los problemas del individuo y los grupos sociales. Dentro de esta misma línea de pensamiento, propósitos e intervención, nace un nuevo vínculo a través de la metodología cualitativa: la etnografía.
La Bestia transita por ríos y desiertos
Authors: Núñez Navarro Victoria
Published: August 2021

El hambre migra, no cabe duda.
THE MEDICAL SERVICES MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Postgraduate Student, Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky, Simferopol, Russia, RASTRIGINA O. V.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the trends in the development of the medical services market in the Republic of Crimea for the period 2015–2020. The analysis of the number of medical organizations by form of ownership, size and types of activity, capacity and technical equipment, provision of medical personnel, the volume of medical services in the context of public and commercial segments was carried out. In the period under study, there was an increase in the medical services market, due to an increase in the number of private medical organizations, the volume of mandatory medical insurance funds under the basic program. The expansion of the base and capacity of the sanatorium-resort complex, the growth of domestic medical tourism, laboratory services and telemedicine were identified as promising areas of market development.
STRATEGIES FOR RECONFIGURATION OF ENTERPRISES DURING THE TRANSITION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY TO A CLOSED CYCLE BUSINESS MODEL
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, TROFIMOVA N. N.
Published: August 2021

The article shows that today the business model of a closed-loop economy is attracting more and more attention due to the recognition that the reliability of resource supplies and environmental sustainability are crucial for the efficiency of all enterprises. It is emphasized that the transformation of the linear economy, which has remained the dominant model since the beginning of the industrial revolution, into a closed-cycle business model is still not an easy task. The strategically important advantages that enterprises receive when switching to a closed-cycle business model are highlighted. Three strategies of reconfiguration of Russian enterprises that can be used in the transition to a closed-cycle business model are proposed.
FEATURES OF INTERNAL CONTROL IN STATE INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Taxes, Audit and Business Analysis, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ALCHINOVA F. Yu. , MELNIK M. V. ,   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Audit and Corporate Reporting Department, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the features of the organizational structure of state institutions, conditioned to the directions of their activities, and the functionality used to solve the tasks set. The article highlights the specifics of the organizational and legal forms of activity of organizations under the jurisdiction of executive authorities, as well as the peculiarities of regulating their practical work. The main directions of internal control carried out by state institutions are outlined, topical issues related to the need to improve the internal control system are highlighted.
APPROACHES TO DIGITALIZATION AS BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   Master's Degree at the Faculty of International Business and Business Administration, Moscow State Institute of International relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow Russian Federation, OLEYNIK A. V.
Published: August 2021

This article is intended to reveal approaches to such a phenomenon as "digitalization", decomposing it into elements, thereby comprising a sequence of successive stages, as well as delimiting the content of terms associated with it. The complexity of the topic lies in the use by modern authors of the term "digitalization" in an excessively broad meaning. This article also proposes a view that clarifies the boundaries within this um-brella term.
Klasifikasi Penerima Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai Menggunakan Metode Decision Tree
Authors: Nopi Nopi Purnomo
Published: August 2021

Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai merupakan salah satu program pemerintah yang beralih nama dari program RASKIN atau RASTRA yang diserahkan setiap bulannya kepada keluarga kurang mampu dengan memberikan akun elektronik untuk proses pembelian bahan pangan pada pedagang yang telah ditentukan oleh pemerintah desa yang bekerja sama dengan Bank Mandiri. Adapun bantuan yang diserahkan pada keluarga penerima manfaat sebagai bentuk kepedulian dari pemerintah sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan oleh Kementrian Sosial Republik Indonesia. Masalah yang sering terjadi di Pemerintahan Desa Cipang Kiri Hulu adalah sangat sulitnya dalam menentukan penerima yang layak untuk bantuan pangan non tunai disetiap tahunnya, sehingga menimbulkan kekacauan dan protes dari masyarakat dikarenakan banyaknya penerima bantuan yang tidak tepat sasaran. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengklasifikasikan penerima bantuan pangan non tunai agar hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pengambilan keputusan layak atau tidaknya dalam menerima bantuan pangan non tunai di Desa Cipang Kiri Hulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah Klasifikasi dengan Algoritma Decision Tree C4.5 menggunakan 14 atribut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil observasi dilokasi penelitian dan melakukan wawancara secara langsung kerumah penduduk penerima bantuan pangan non tunai tahun 2021 sebanyak 62 data penduduk yang telah disajikan dalam file csv. Analisa dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tools Software Rapid Miner versi 9.5.001. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mendapat 3 Rule. Rule tersebut didapatkan dari hasil akhir bentuk pohon keputusan.
DIVERGENT CHANGES IN THE FOOD SECTOR
Authors: Ivashchuk Iryna , Karp Iryna
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse and evaluate divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries, taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment.

Methodology of research. The following research methods are used to achieve this goal: theoretical synthesis, analysis, abstract and logical – to reveal the relationship of the global food crisis in the context of achieving food security goals; interpretation and comparison – to determine the prospects for improving food security; tabular and graphical – for a visual representation of food security in the world.

Finding. It has been established that food security is an objective necessity for human development. Its provision is a guarantee of regular access of the population to high-quality food necessary for leading an active and healthy life. There has been an increase in food insecurity in many countries around the world, which was especially acute during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account the analysed indicators of food security, reserves have been identified for improving the growth of food security in the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine and the world.

Originality. A cumulative interrelated analysis of pandemic and post-pandemic poverty growth, declining profitability, and price differentiation in food security has been conducted. The assessment of divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries is carried out taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment.

Practical value. The results of the study on food security can be used in the management of the economy and the agro-industrial sector as one of the goals of sustainable development.
Key words: food security, pandemic, poverty, reduction of profitability, strategic development goals, global environment, food security indicators, consumer price index.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS OF MICRO- AND MACRO-MARKETING ENVIRONMENT OF THE FIRM ACTIVITY IN THE MARKET
Authors: Pereverzieva Anna , Hubar Olena , Moskalenko Oleh
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is to offer a method of estimating the factors of micro- and macro-marketing environment, which will allow identifying potentially profitable markets of the world.

Methodology of research. Theoretical analysis of concepts and principles is carried out on the basis of using general scientific methods. The main tools of practical research are based on the use of matrix methods that allow systematizing the results and presenting them in tabular form, which facilitates the implementation of comparative analysis. Certain mathematical dependences, namely the formula of the geometric mean, are used to determine the weighted values of the factors of micro- and macro-marketing environment. This uses two approaches, one of which allows you to take into account all the factors at once, and the other involves the compensation of lower values of higher values.

Findings. Factors of macro- and micro-marketing environment are singled out. Among the main macro-factors are identified political-legal, economic, demographic, technical-technological and cultural. At the micro level, the key role for the company’s activities in the international market is played by such marketing factors as: competitors, consumers, intermediaries and others. A toolkit for assessing the factors of the micro- and macro-marketing environment is proposed, which allows identifying markets, attractive activities and development.

Originality. An evaluation method was developed that allows taking into account not only quantitative but also qualitative factors in the analysis. An element of scientific novelty is the application of the matrix method to the analysis of factors of the micro- and macro-economic environment, which ultimately allows determining the country’s market, which has the most favourable environment for functioning.

Practical value. Practical significance determines the universality of the proposed method, which can be used for any group of factors, regardless of the classification criteria, and the method of presenting the results in a convenient form – in the form of a matrix – significantly optimizes and facilitates comparative analysis and allows to determine country and market for exit, which have the most favourable conditions for activity and development.

Key words: micro-marketing environment, macro-marketing environment, factors, competition, consumers, market, intermediaries.
THE LEVEL AND QUALITY OF TRADE SERVICES: THE ESSENCE AND RELATIONSHIP OF CONCEPTS
Authors: Boichyk Iryna , Sobko Olha , Spyak Halyna
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is generalization of theoretical provisions on the nature, level and quality of trade services to consumers, identification of the content relationship between them and the role in meeting market demands of the population.

Methodology of research. The following research methods were used to achieve this goal: theoretical analysis, abstract and logical – to reveal the essence of trade services, its level and quality; interpretations and comparisons – to determine the relationship and interaction of the concepts of “level” and “quality” of trade services; graphical – to visualize the classification of indicators for assessing the quality of trade services.

Findings. It is established that trade service in modern conditions together with quality of the goods offered to consumers is an element of maintenance of competitive advantages of the trading enterprises. This is due to the growing demands of consumers not only to the consumer characteristics of goods, but also related to their sale of trade services. It is substantiated that the concepts of “level of trade service” and “quality of trade service” are not identical concepts. The first of them reflects a set of elements of providing consumers with a variety of services to create a comfortable environment for the purchase of goods and reflects the situation “present or absent” a specific element of trade services. The second is the degree of compliance of the level of trade service with the expectations and needs of consumers, which can be quantified.

Originality. The substantiation of the essence, content and correlation of the concepts “the level of trade service” and “quality of trade service”, their influence on the competitiveness of trade enterprises was further developed.

Practical value. Substantiated research results can be used by commercial enterprises to assess the effectiveness of their activities in terms of ensuring a higher level and quality of trade services on the basis of these elements and indicators.

Key words: trade enterprise, trade service, level of trade service, quality of trade service, competition.
TOOLS FOR REGULATING MARKETS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Horlachuk Mykola
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is theoretical and methodological substantiation of tools for regulating markets of agricultural products in conditions of economic uncertainty and possible models of their application in strategically important agricultural markets.

Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is scientific positions that are reflected in the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The following methods were used to achieve this goal: abstract and logical - to generalize the methods of regulation and diagnosis of the current state of research on the regulation of agricultural markets; inductions and deductions - to identify relationships in the process of grouping regulatory tools; epistemological and dialectical methods - to identify the most common problems of market regulation in conditions of uncertainty.

Findings. The key problems of regulation of agricultural markets in the modern period are generalized and systematized. Based on this, the tools and methods of market regulation are analysed. The factors that determine the application of various methods and tools of market regulation in conditions of economic uncertainty are studied. Perspective directions of development of the organized market of agricultural products are considered.

Originality. The market mechanism of regulation of agricultural production in relation to the specifics of agricultural markets is assessed, and the main methods of application of special market regulation tools are systematized, which allowed to substantiate the model of beef market development in Ukraine (by forming a cattle exchange and introducing an integrated quality system).

Practical value. The results of the study can be a theoretical and methodological basis for the introduction of a specialized commodity market for agricultural products in Ukraine, as well as the subject of further research to address fundamental problems of agricultural markets in conditions of economic uncertainty, which will eliminate or reduce business risks.

Key words: agricultural market, organized market of agricultural products, stock market, market regulation tools, economic uncertainty.
FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Korneliuk Olha , Zavadska Yuliia , Chapko Roman
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the main modern forms of cross-border cooperation in the European Union, in particular, organizational forms of cross-border cooperation, historical background, and stages of cross-border cooperation, to analyse the functioning of Euro-regions at the present stage, including financial instruments, and especially the implementation of these processes in a pandemic COVID-19.

Methodology of research. The study uses generally accepted methods in economics: a monographic, theoretical, and comparative analysis – to reveal the conceptual foundations of cross-border cooperation; analysis and synthesis, system-structural, abstract and logical, statistical groupings – to determine and analyse the forms of cross-border cooperation in the European Union.

Findings. The main theoretical approaches to defining the essence of cross-border cooperation, its place, and its role in the process of economic development of the regions and participating countries are analysed. The main forms of implementation of cross-border cooperation are systematized, the results of cross-border cooperation are considered on the example of the functioning of separate Euro-regions and realization of cross-border projects. It is determined that in the conditions of globalization and strengthening of integration processes between the states the need to expand and deepen international relations between local self-government bodies grows. An analysis of the peculiarities of the development of cross-border cooperation in the face of the global pandemic COVID-19 was conducted.

Originality. For the first time, it was established that the peculiarities of the implementation of forms of cross-border cooperation taking into account the new conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which will allow the development of an adaptive mechanism of organizational and economic support of this process.

Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be used in the educational process, in particular, in the training of specialists in project management, management and administration, as well as in the implementation of practical activities of public authorities and local governments of urban settlements, cities, and regions that are cross-border regions.

Key words: cross-border cooperation, forms of cross-border cooperation, Euro-region, cross-border project.
THE MAIN VECTORS OF ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT IN A DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Putsenteilo Petro , Dovbush Andrii
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is the analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the peculiarities of the development of digital technologies of modern accounting in the digital economy.

Methodology of research. The study was conducted using a dialectical approach to the study of the current state of the digital economy. In the course of the research general and special methods were used, in particular: the analytical method was used in the review of normative sources; the method of classification made it possible to differentiate the main components of the digital economy and accounting, and the method of description ‒ to give them a detailed description; monographic method is used in the study of literature sources on digital economics and accounting, system and analytical ‒ in the processing of information.

Findings. It is determined that the digital economy is a communication environment of economic activity on the Internet, the result of transformational effects of new general-purpose technologies in the field of information and communication. It is substantiated that significant technological and informatization shifts, as well as growth of potential of digital economic information space stimulate modernization of accounting science, promote development of methodology and organization of accounting process, actualize the problem of positioning of accounting activity. The basic principles of functioning of the digital accounting platform are revealed, which allow to create the newest electronic systems with a significant number of users.

Originality. It has been established that the block-chain is a promising accounting technology that eliminates traditional methods of accounting, documentation, processing, registration, inventory systems, while allowing companies to register both parties to the transaction in a joint book in real time, rather than keeping agreed records of financial transactions separately, private database.

Practical value. The obtained results of the study will help increase the efficiency of the formation and development of accounting in a digital economy and will be the basis for further research in this area.
Key words: digital economy, information technologies, accounting, digital accounting, block-chain, digital platform, digital technologies.