bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desensitizing Anxiety Through Imperceptible Change: Feasibility Study on a Paradigm for Single-Session Exposure Therapy for Fear of Public Speaking
Authors: Banakou Domna , Johnston Tania , Beacco Alejandro , Senel Gizem , Slater Mel
Published: July 2024

Background

Exposure therapy (ET) for anxiety disorders involves introducing the participant to an anxiety-provoking situation over several treatment sessions. Each time, the participant is exposed to a higher anxiety-provoking stimulus; for example, in the case of fear of heights, the participant would successively experience being at a greater height. ET is effective, and its counterpart, virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy (VRET), where VR substitutes real-world exposure, is equally so. However, ET is time-consuming, requiring several sessions.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the results of single-session exposure with those of traditional VRET with regard to reducing public speaking anxiety.

Methods

We introduced a paradigm concerned with public speaking anxiety where the VR exposure occurred in a single session while the participant interacted with a virtual therapist. Over time, the therapist transformed into an entire audience with almost imperceptible changes. We carried out a feasibility study with 45 participants, comparing 3 conditions: single-session exposure (n=16, 36%); conventional multiple-session exposure (n=14, 31%), where the same content was delivered in successive segments over 5 sessions; and a control group (n=15, 33%), who interacted with a single virtual character to talk about everyday matters. A week later, the participants were required to speak on a stage in front of a large audience in VR.

Results

Across most of the series of conventional public speaking anxiety measures, the single-session exposure was at least as effective in reducing anxiety as the multiple-session exposure, and both these conditions were better than the control condition. The 12-item Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker was used to measure public speaking anxiety levels, where higher values indicated more anxiety. Using a Bayesian model, the posterior probabilities of improvement compared to a high baseline were at least 1.7 times greater for single- and multiple-session exposures compared to the control group. The State Perceived Index of Competence was used as a measure of anticipatory anxiety for speaking on a stage in front of a large audience, where lower values indicated higher anxiety. The probabilities of improvement were just over 4 times greater for single- and multiple-session exposures compared to the control group for a low baseline and 489 (single) and 53 (multiple) times greater for a middle baseline.

Conclusions

Overall, the results of this feasibility study show that for moderate public speaking anxiety, the paradigm of gradual change in a single session is worth following up with further studies with more severe levels of anxiety and a larger sample size, first with a randomized controlled trial with nonpatients and subsequently, if the outcomes follow those that we have found, with a full clinical trial with patients.
The Utility of Wearable Cameras in Developing Examination Questions and Answers on Physical Examinations: Preliminary Study
Authors: Fukui Sho , Shimizu Taro , Nishizaki Yuji , Shikino Kiyoshi , Yamamoto Yu , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: July 2024

To assess the utility of wearable cameras in medical examinations, we created a physician-view video-based examination question and explanation, and the survey results indicated that these cameras can enhance the evaluation and educational capabilities of medical examinations.
Investigating Data Diversity and Model Robustness of AI Applications in Palliative Care and Hospice: Protocol for Scoping Review
Authors: Bozkurt Selen , Fereydooni Soraya , Kar Irem , Diop Chalmers Catherine , Leslie Sharon L , Pathak Ravi , Walling Anne , Lindvall Charlotta , Lorenz Karl , Quest Tammie , Giannitrapani Karleen , Kavalieratos Dio
Published: July 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal element in health care, leading to significant advancements across various medical domains, including palliative care and hospice services. These services focus on improving the quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses, and AI’s ability to process complex datasets can enhance decision-making and personalize care in these sensitive settings. However, incorporating AI into palliative and hospice care requires careful examination to ensure it reflects the multifaceted nature of these settings.

Objective

This scoping review aims to systematically map the landscape of AI in palliative care and hospice settings, focusing on the data diversity and model robustness. The goal is to understand AI’s role, its clinical integration, and the transparency of its development, ultimately providing a foundation for developing AI applications that adhere to established ethical guidelines and principles.

Methods

Our scoping review involves six stages: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and (6) consulting with stakeholders. Searches were conducted across databases including MEDLINE through PubMed, Embase.com, IEEE Xplore, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science Core Collection, covering studies from the inception of each database up to November 1, 2023. We used a comprehensive set of search terms to capture relevant studies, and non-English records were excluded if their abstracts were not in English. Data extraction will follow a systematic approach, and stakeholder consultations will refine the findings.

Results

The electronic database searches conducted in November 2023 resulted in 4614 studies. After removing duplicates, 330 studies were selected for full-text review to determine their eligibility based on predefined criteria. The extracted data will be organized into a table to aid in crafting a narrative summary. The review is expected to be completed by May 2025.

Conclusions

This scoping review will advance the understanding of AI in palliative care and hospice, focusing on data diversity and model robustness. It will identify gaps and guide future research, contributing to the development of ethically responsible and effective AI applications in these settings.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/56353
Desensitizing Anxiety Through Imperceptible Change: Feasibility Study on a Paradigm for Single-Session Exposure Therapy for Fear of Public Speaking (Preprint)
Authors: Banakou Domna , Johnston Tania , Beacco Alejandro , Senel Gizem , Slater Mel
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Exposure therapy (ET) for anxiety disorders involves introducing the participant to an anxiety-provoking situation over several treatment sessions. Each time, the participant is exposed to a higher anxiety-provoking stimulus; for example, in the case of fear of heights, the participant would successively experience being at a greater height. ET is effective, and its counterpart, virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy (VRET), where VR substitutes real-world exposure, is equally so. However, ET is time-consuming, requiring several sessions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare the results of single-session exposure with those of traditional VRET with regard to reducing public speaking anxiety.

METHODS

We introduced a paradigm concerned with public speaking anxiety where the VR exposure occurred in a single session while the participant interacted with a virtual therapist. Over time, the therapist transformed into an entire audience with almost imperceptible changes. We carried out a feasibility study with 45 participants, comparing 3 conditions: single-session exposure (n=16, 36%); conventional multiple-session exposure (n=14, 31%), where the same content was delivered in successive segments over 5 sessions; and a control group (n=15, 33%), who interacted with a single virtual character to talk about everyday matters. A week later, the participants were required to speak on a stage in front of a large audience in VR.

RESULTS

Across most of the series of conventional public speaking anxiety measures, the single-session exposure was at least as effective in reducing anxiety as the multiple-session exposure, and both these conditions were better than the control condition. The 12-item Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker was used to measure public speaking anxiety levels, where higher values indicated more anxiety. Using a Bayesian model, the posterior probabilities of improvement compared to a high baseline were at least 1.7 times greater for single- and multiple-session exposures compared to the control group. The State Perceived Index of Competence was used as a measure of anticipatory anxiety for speaking on a stage in front of a large audience, where lower values indicated higher anxiety. The probabilities of improvement were just over 4 times greater for single- and multiple-session exposures compared to the control group for a low baseline and 489 (single) and 53 (multiple) times greater for a middle baseline.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the results of this feasibility study show that for moderate public speaking anxiety, the paradigm of gradual change in a single session is worth following up with further studies with more severe levels of anxiety and a larger sample size, first with a randomized controlled trial with nonpatients and subsequently, if the outcomes follow those that we have found, with a full clinical trial with patients.
Measurement of Daily Actions Associated With Mental Health Using the Things You Do Questionnaire–15-Item: Questionnaire Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bisby Madelyne A , Jones Michael P , Staples Lauren , Dear Blake , Titov Nickolai
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

A large number of modifiable and measurable daily actions are thought to impact mental health. The “Things You Do” refers to 5 types of daily actions that have been associated with mental health: healthy thinking, meaningful activities, goals and plans, healthy habits, and social connections. Previous studies have reported the psychometric properties of the Things You Do Questionnaire (TYDQ)–21-item (TYDQ21). The 21-item version, however, has an uneven distribution of items across the 5 aforementioned factors and may be lengthy to administer on a regular basis.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a brief version of the TYDQ. To accomplish this, we identified the top 10 and 15 items on the TYDQ21 and then evaluated the performance of the 10-item and 15-item versions of the TYDQ in community and treatment-seeking samples.

METHODS

Using confirmatory factor analysis, the top 2 or 3 items were used to develop the 10-item and 15-item versions, respectively. Model fit, reliability, and validity were examined for both versions in 2 samples: a survey of community adults (n=6070) and adults who completed an assessment at a digital psychology service (n=14,878). Treatment responsivity was examined in a subgroup of participants (n=448).

RESULTS

Parallel analysis supported the 5-factor structure of the TYDQ. The brief (10-item and 15-item) versions were associated with better model fit than the 21-item version, as revealed by its comparative fit index, root-mean-square error of approximation, and Tucker-Lewis index. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance were supported. The 15-item version explained more variance in the 21-item scores than the 10-item version. Internal consistency was appropriate (eg, the 15-item version had a Cronbach α of >0.90 in both samples) and there were no marked differences between how the brief versions correlated with validated measures of depression or anxiety symptoms. The measure was responsive to treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The 15-item version is appropriate for use as a brief measure of daily actions associated with mental health while balancing brevity and clinical utility. Further research is encouraged to replicate our psychometric evaluation in other settings (eg, face-to-face services).

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000407796; https://tinyurl.com/2s67a6ps
Reviewing Mobile Apps for Teaching Human Anatomy: Search and Quality Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rivera García Guadalupe Esmeralda , Cervantes  López Miriam Janet , Ramírez Vázquez Juan Carlos , Llanes Castillo Arturo , Cruz Casados Jaime
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile apps designed for teaching human anatomy offer a flexible, interactive, and personalized learning platform, enriching the educational experience for both students and health care professionals.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the human anatomy mobile apps available on Google Play, evaluate their quality, highlight the highest scoring apps, and determine the relationship between objective quality ratings and subjective star ratings.

METHODS

The Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) was used to evaluate the apps. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated using a consistency-type 2-factor random model to measure the reliability of the evaluations made by the experts. In addition, Pearson correlations were used to analyze the relationship between MARS quality scores and subjective evaluations of MARS quality item 23.

RESULTS

The mobile apps with the highest overall quality scores according to the MARS (ie, sections A, B, C, and D) were Organos internos 3D (anatomía) (version 4.34), Sistema óseo en 3D (Anatomía) (version 4.32), and VOKA Anatomy Pro (version 4.29). To measure the reliability of the MARS quality evaluations (sections A, B, C, and D), the intraclass correlation coefficient was used, and the result was “excellent.” Finally, Pearson correlation results revealed a significant relationship (r=0.989; P<.001) between the quality assessments conducted by health care professionals and the subjective evaluations of item 23.

CONCLUSIONS

The average evaluation results of the selected apps indicated a “good” level of quality, and those with the highest ratings could be recommended. However, the lack of scientific backing for these technological tools is evident. It is crucial that research centers and higher education institutions commit to the active development of new mobile health apps, ensuring their accessibility and validation for the general public.
Large Language Models (LLMs) as Search Engine Alternatives for Improved Access and Quality of Health-related Information: A Qualitative Investigation into Experiences of Patients with Severe Congenital Scoliosis and Families (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Qiang , Zhao Deng , Zhang Wen-jing , Li Yong , Yang Jin-dong , Pu Chun , Fu Qiang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

In the digital age, access to health information has become a fundamental resource for patients managing chronic conditions such as severe congenital scoliosis. Traditional search engines often fall short in providing reliable, tailored information. Large Language Models (LLMs), with their advanced capabilities in natural language processing, offer a promising alternative by delivering personalized, context-sensitive information.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the experiences and perception of patients with severe congenital scoliosis and families in using two selected Chinese LLMs with internet-browsing capability.

METHODS

In this qualitative phenomenological study, we introduced two pre-selected LLMs to 121 patients and family members during routine clinical care and interviewed 12 participants enrolled by purposive sampling. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviewing was conducted to solicit their experiences and perceptions. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method.

RESULTS

Four main themes were identified, including "replacement of conventional search engines," where participants reported a unanimous shift among participants from traditional search engines to LLMs driven by the LLMs’ superior ability to handle natural language queries and provide contextually relevant information; "improved access and quality of information" characterized by the 24/7 availability of LLMs and their capability to significantly improve the quality of information retrieved; "importance of prompting skills," where the effectiveness of LLMs was highly dependent on users' ability to formulate questions accurately, a skill that required learning and adaptation and influence user satisfaction and engagement; and "challenges with specificity and accuracy in LLM responses," which pointed to the limitations in the LLMs' performance, particularly when dealing with highly specific queries or when asked to recommend specific treatments, where errors were more likely and adherence to ethical guidelines restricted the provision of certain types of advice.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with severe scoliosis and families using LLMs for health-related information seeking tend to develop a clear preference for LLMs over conventional search engine, due to LLMs’ ability to provide accessible, personalized, and context-aware information on-demand. They demonstrate a significant behavioral shift towards more interactive and responsive forms of information retrieval. However, challenges such as inaccuracies in responses to specific queries and ethical limitations in providing treatment recommendations suggest the need for ongoing technological enhancements.
Potential Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease and Glomerular Disease
Authors: Zachariah Teena , Radhakrishnan Jai
Published: July 2024

Glomerular disease is a leading cause of CKD and ESKD. Although diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of glomerular disease, nondiabetic causes include malignancy, systemic autoimmune conditions, drug effects, or genetic conditions. Nondiabetic glomerular diseases are rare diseases, with a paucity of high-quality clinical trials in this area. Furthermore, late referral can result in poor patient outcomes. This article reviews the current management of nondiabetic glomerular disease and explores the latest developments in drug treatment in this area. Current treatment of nondiabetic glomerular disease aims to manage complications (edema, hypertension, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, and thrombosis) as well as target the underlying cause of glomerular disease. Treatment options include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, statins/nonstatin alternatives, loop diuretics, anticoagulation agents, immunosuppressives, and lifestyle and dietary modifications. Effective treatment of nondiabetic glomerular disease is limited by heterogeneity and a lack of understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (ns-MRAs, such as finerenone), with their broad anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, have emerged as valuable therapeutic options for a range of cardiorenal conditions, including CKD. ns-MRAs are an evolving drug class of particular interest for the future treatment of nondiabetic glomerular disease, and there is evidence that these agents may improve kidney prognosis in various subgroups of patients with CKD. The benefits offered by ns-MRAs may present an opportunity to reduce the progression of CKD from a spectrum of glomerular disease. Several novel ns-MRA are in clinical development for both diabetic and nondiabetic CKD.
TRADITIONALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR WOUND HEALING IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: I. D. KASINATHAN , S. UMA , K. ELUMALAI , MANIVANNAN KAVITHA , RAMASAMY MALATHI
Published: July 2024

The present study aims to enumerate the ethno-medicinal uses of plants by the Irular communities residing around the Thiruvallur district. The medicinal use of (49) plants belonging to 39 families was identified and recorded by the tribes, along with their botanical identities and methods of drug preparation. The drugs administered locally to heal wounds, including antibiotics, antiseptics, etc., and the necessary information related to the traditional medicinal plants were highlighted in this paper. Wound healing activity is a cellular and biochemical process for restoring the original structure and functions of damaged tissue. The wound may occur from a physical, chemical, thermal, microbial, or immunological insult to the tissues. Various parts of the plants have been in use for several years in tribal communities, traditionally for treating many diseases like skin, colic, sores, cancer, etc. Due to their minimal side effects. The natural agents present in the plants induce wound healing and regeneration from tissue loss by multiple mechanisms. Plant extracts have immense potential for the treatment of wound healing activity. In this review, we focused on the wound healing activity with the pharmacological process of medicinal plants.
PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AND ITS MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE IN PREGNANCY AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JABALPUR
Authors: PATIDAR PRAGYA , PATEL KIRTI , MISHRA SAKSHI , SINGH ARCHANA
Published: July 2024

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), microbiological profile, and pregnancy outcome in asymptomatic pregnant women.
Methods: Pregnant women attending outpatient clinic were selected randomly. Urine sample by clean catch method collected and battery of tests were performed. Prevalence of ASB and pregnancy outcome studied.
Results: Total 114 pregnant women were studied, out of which 6 cases were positive for urine culture. Prevalence rate in our study found to be 5.3%. Study depicted that 33.4% women with asymptomatic bacteriuria had premature rupture of membranes, 16.7 % women had pre-eclampsia and 16.7% had severe anemia. 50 % babies were premature, 33.4% had fetal growth restriction and 16.7% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are common during pregnancy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can progress to pyelonephritis and may result in adverse pregnancy outcome. Prevalence rate found to be 5.3%. Premature rupture of membranes and premature births were major adverse pregnancy outcome. E. coli was most common bacterial isolate found in the study and was highly sensitive to cefuroxime sodium. Pregnancy complications may be avoided by using regular screening with urine cultures.
STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT STUDENTS OF NAVODAYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Authors: PALLAVI KOLAN , K. HARSHITHA
Published: July 2024

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered to be the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The objective of this study was to calculate the prevalence of PCOS in Navodaya group of institutions based on Rotterdam criteria.
Methods: A prospective study of 500 girls of Navodaya group of institutions (school, medical, dental, and nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and engineering students) aged 13 to 25 y who underwent clinical examination. Out of which, 68 girls with oligomenorrhea and/or hirsutism were invited for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS by Rotterdam criteria.
Results: Out of 500 girl students, 68 girls satisfied Rotterdam’s criteria for PCOS. Under the Rotterdam criteria, the estimated prevalence of PCOS in adolescent and young adult students was 13.6%.
Conclusion: Prevalence of PCOS in adolescent and young adult students of Navodaya Group of Institutions was 13.6%. This draws attention to the issue of early diagnosis in adolescent girls.
LIMBERG FLAP VERSUS BASCOM CLEFT LIFT TECHNIQUES FOR SACROCOCCYGEAL PILONIDAL SINUS
Authors: JAIN PIYUSH , HARSANA BALRAM
Published: July 2024

Objective: The study aims to evaluate and compare the outcomes of two surgical techniques, the limberg flap and Bascom cleft lift, used in the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus. Key metrics for comparison include postoperative complications, hospital stay duration, and surgery duration.
Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at ESIC Hospital, Jaipur, involving 100 patients diagnosed with sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus requiring surgical intervention. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I underwent the Bascom cleft lift procedure (n=40), and Group II underwent the limberg flap technique (n=60). Both groups were evaluated over a period of one and a half years with preoperative assessments and postoperative follow-ups for complications, duration of surgery, and length of hospital stay.
Results: The study included 40 patients in the Bascom group (42.5% male, 57.5% female) and 60 in the limberg group (55% male, 45% female). The average surgery duration was significantly shorter for the Bascom procedure (36.73±6.52 min) compared to the limberg flap (74.58±10.10 min). Postoperative complications were higher in the limberg flap group. The Bascom cleft lift patients experienced shorter hospital stays and fewer postoperative issues, including lower rates of discharge and infection.
Conclusion: The Bascom cleft lift procedure appears to be superior to the limberg flap in terms of shorter operative time, fewer complications, and quicker recovery. These findings suggest that the Bascom cleft lift could be a more efficient and safer option for the surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus, promoting faster patient recovery with fewer postoperative complications.
IN SILICO DOCKING STUDY OF HERBAL COMPOSITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS FOR COMMON RESPIRATORY DISEASES THEREOF
Authors: CHANDWANI ANKITA , MODI KARUNA , SHAH KAUSHIK , SHAH MAMTA
Published: July 2024

Objective: The present study aims to develop a novel mouth dissolving tablets containing a combination of herbal extracts and a bioactive constituent and evaluating it for activity against common respiratory diseases (in silico studies).
Methods: Docking study was done to provide a scientific foundation, keeping the traditional knowledge as a base. Four trial batches were developed. The final batch was then formulated and various pre and post-compression and assays were performed to evaluate the formation of good quality of product. The final batch was prepared by the method of direct compression and taken for accelerated stability studies.
Results: The final batch containing 10 % active ingredients, 7.5 % super-disintegrant and 47 % diluent was found to be stable, easily producible and economic.
Conclusion: This research work grasps possibilities for researchers in the development and evaluation of mouth-dissolving tablets with significant bioactive potential against common respiratory diseases.
THE USE OF SUBCISION IN CONJUNCTION WITH FRACTIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE LASER TO IMPROVE ATROPHIC ACNE SCARS
Authors: SHARMA PRIYANKA , SINGH AJIT , TRIPATHI ADITYA KUMAR
Published: July 2024

Objective: Acne is a prevalent skin condition affecting a wide range of age groups, often leading to severe scarring if left untreated. The use of subcision combined with fractional CO2 laser therapy has been posited as a potentially more effective treatment method for atrophic acne scars compared to standalone laser treatment.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Asha Derma Clinic, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, from 30th March 2023 to 30th March 2024. Thirty patients with ice pick and rolling-type atrophic acne scars were enrolled. Participants were treated on one side of their face with five sessions of fractional CO2 laser and on the other side with one session of subcision with fractional CO2 laser combined with four sessions of fractional CO2 laser alone. Outcomes were assessed through scar improvement and patient satisfaction at 1, 2, and 6 mo post-treatment, with data analysis performed using ANOVA and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Results: Significant improvements were observed in both recovery levels and patient satisfaction. The combined method showed higher recovery percentages (40-65%, Mean±SD: 54.7±7) compared to the laser alone (30-55%, Mean±SD: 43±11.1), with a p-value of 0.0005. Patient satisfaction also favored the combined method (1.8-3, Mean±SD: 6.6±1.2) over laser treatment alone (1.6-4, Mean±SD: 5.2±1.8), with a p-value of 0.0007.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that subcision combined with fractional CO2 laser therapy significantly enhances recovery levels and patient satisfaction in the treatment of atrophic acne scars, suggesting a robust advantage of integrating both treatments.
TREATMENT OUTCOME OF TUBERCULOSIS CASES AMONG PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN
Authors: YADAV YOGESH , CHOUDHARY JYOTI , KHAN MOHAMMED NASIR
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify drug-resistant tuberculosis cases and treatment results. Because it is one of the few studies that have looked at the results of TB treatment among children in the nation, this one was noteworthy.
Methods: Drug-resistant cases of paediatric TB were recruited from various districts of Western Rajasthan. Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by line Probe Assay. The cases were followed up for treatment.
Results: A total of 41 drug-resistant TB cases were evaluated. Out of 41, 21 were rifampicin mono-resistant, 8 were isoniazid mono-resistant, MDR and pre-XDR were 5 each, and XDR cases were 2. 19 cases were successfully cured and there was one death reported during treatment.
Conclusion: Cure rate of paediatric TB is less than 50% in our region. Adherence to treatment and contact isolation are crucial to increase cure rate and decrease the incidence of drug-resistant TB.
MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION OF FORAMEN OVALE IN DRY ADULT SKULL OF INDIAN POPULATION WITH CLINICAL CORRELATIONS
Authors: AGARWAL SUMITA , YADAV ROSHAN KUMAR
Published: July 2024

Objective: The present study aim is to evaluate morphology and morphometric measurements of foramen Ovale present in the Greater wing of Sphenoid bone of the Middle Cranial fossa of the Skull base, using Digital sliding Vernier caliper. The anatomical knowledge of Foramen Ovale and it’s variations are of great help to neurosurgeons, oncologists and radiologists while performing any diagnostic and surgical interventions into and nearby foramen to deal with unavoidable complications as Tic douloureux.
Methods: This study was done in 35 dried Human skulls taken from the Department of Anatomy, GBCM, Dehradun, India. The length and the width of the Foramen Ovale were measured. The different shapes of the foramen were also seen. All data collected was subjected to Statistical analysis using Student’s T-test.
Results: In the present study, Incidence of Oval shape foramen Ovale was maximum, followed by Elongated shape. There were no statistical differences between the mean length and mean width on the two sides of Foramen Ovale.
Conclusion: The vast knowledge of different shapes and sizes of foramen Ovale to Neurosurgeons and Oncologists helps to operate with least invasive procedures to avoid clinical manifestations.
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI ISOLATED FROM ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE SECRETIONS AND TRACHEAL ASPIRATES FROM PATIENTS ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: SNEHITHA K. , SWAPNA S. , KAMALA P.
Published: July 2024

Objective: Nosocomial infections have become a serious threat to mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Major risk factor among critically ill patients is excessive use of invasive devices like Endotracheal tube (ET) and tracheal intubation. The development of biofilm and their subsequent dislodgement aids in lung colonization and may cause Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) [1].
Methods: Present study was conducted on ET tube tips and Tracheal aspirates received in microbiological laboratory from various ICU’s (Medical, surgical and pediatric) in Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam over a period of one year from September 2022 to August 2023. A total of 116 samples were processed according to standard protocols and Antibiotic Susceptible Testing (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar as per CLSI guidelines.
Results: In total, 116 samples were processed. ET tube tips were 76/116 and tracheal aspirates were 40/116, with males (69/116) outnumbered females (47/116). Out of a total of 116 samples, 72 (62%) were culture-positive and 44 (38%) were sterile. Acinetobacter spp. was the most common pathogen among 72 culture positives (31/72, 43%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20/72, 28%), Pseudomonas spp. (13/72, 18%) and Escherichia coli (8/72, 11%). A total of 11 (11/72, 15%) GNB were found as multi-drug resistant. The multi-drug resistant GNB isolated were Acinetobacter (6/72), Klebsiella (3/72) and Pseudomonas (2/72). Meropenem is the most susceptible antibiotic, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam.
Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that most commonly isolated pathogen was Acinetobacter spp. Most of these isolates were sensitive to Carbapenem and BLBLI combination drugs. Microbial persistence and impaired response to the treatment were more frequent, when multi-drug resistant organisms were present. Hence a local combined antibiotic approach, based on bacteriological profile and AST is essential to initiate empirical therapy which will minimize the bacterial colonization and prevent the incidences of VAP.
La milpa mazahua: la cosmovisión de dos generaciones
Authors: Silva Flores Miguel Ángel , Véliz Cantú Eunice
Published: July 2024

Este ensayo trata de la milpa mazahua, un sistema agrícola tradicional, vista a través de dos generaciones de campesinos durante la pandemia. La milpa mazahua es un sistema agroecológico que sostiene a la comunidad con maíz, frijol y calabaza (en colaboración con el ganado bovino y equino, que fertilizan el suelo mediante rotación). A pesar de las influencias modernas y del uso de insumos químicos, algunas prácticas tradicionales persisten y la milpa sigue siendo vital para la economía y la alimentación de los campesinos.
Influencers de la salud: compuestos bioactivos contra la obesidad
Authors: Vega-Castellanos Natalia Briseida , Salazar-López Norma Julieta , Clark-Ordóñez Isadora , Mejía-León María Esther
Published: July 2024

Las plantas y sus derivados contienen compuestos bioactivos, los cuales son de interés especial en la ciencia debido a que se ha demostrado que tienen efectos benéficos en la salud y en el tratamiento de enfermedades como la obesidad y sus comorbilidades. La prevalencia de obesidad en nuestro país va en aumento a consecuencia de cambios en el estilo de vida, como mantener una dieta no saludable, como la llamada dieta occidental. Los beneficios atribuidos al consumo de los compuestos bioactivos se deben, por un lado, a que tienen efectos antioxidantes protectores y abaten la inflamación, y, por el otro, a que interactúan y contribuyen al equilibrio de los millones de microorganismos que viven en nuestro intestino, conocidos como microbiota, por lo que podríamos considerar a los compuestos bioactivos como los influencers de la salud. Para obtener todos sus beneficios, es necesario aumentar el consumo de alimentos de origen vegetal de toda la gama de colores en nuestra dieta para, así, promover la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad y otras enfermedades como la diabetes y el cáncer.
Cambio climático y el agro mexicano: desafíos alimentarios
Authors: Murray-Tortarolo Guillermo N. , Mendoza Ponce Alma , Martínez Salgado Mario , Sánchez Guijosa Karla
Published: July 2024

El cambio climático es una realidad que ya nos alcanzó. Sus impactos son y serán diversos, pero sobre todo tiene serias implicaciones en la producción de alimentos. México es susceptible a los extremos en el clima, particularmente la sequía, misma que impacta de manera profunda las relaciones entre la producción de alimentos y la sociedad. En este artículo te contamos cómo el cambio climático ha impactado la producción de alimentos en México, y la manera en que esto se traduce en cambios en la ocupación agraria y en la migración hacia Estados Unidos. Finalmente te presentamos algunas alternativas y soluciones para hacer frente a este fenómeno, de modo que impidamos los peores impactos socioecológicos. Al final, clima-alimentos-sociedad forman un continuo, y alterar a uno genera impactos en los otros. Depende de nosotros como sociedad cambiar la forma en que nos relacionamos con nuestra producción de alimentos.
Dime qué comes y te diré qué bioacumulas
Authors: Romero Nájera Irene
Published: July 2024

En la búsqueda de hábitos saludables, es crucial considerar los riesgos asociados a nuestros alimentos. A pesar de la mayor información nutricional disponible, muchos productos no revelan la presencia de plaguicidas o metales pesados, como el mercurio en el pescado, que se acumulan en los tejidos de los seres vivos. Este artículo explora el fenómeno de la bioacumulación, destacando cómo afecta tanto a la red alimentaria como a la salud humana. La bioacumulación ocurre cuando organismos como el pescado absorben y acumulan sustancias tóxicas a lo largo de su vida, poniendo en riesgo a quienes los consumen. Este proceso puede magnificarse a lo largo de la cadena alimentaria, aumentando la concentración de contaminantes a medida que se asciende en ella. Es fundamental que los consumidores estén informados sobre estos riesgos para tomar decisiones alimenticias más conscientes y saludables. A pesar de las etiquetas nutricionales y guías como el plato del buen comer, aún falta información crítica en muchos productos que consumimos diariamente. Con este conocimiento, podemos mitigar los riesgos para la salud y contribuir a un consumo alimenticio más seguro y sostenible.
TEDDEEC: Threshold enhanced developed distributed energy-efficient clustering for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tamilselvan G. M.
Published: July 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise of vast number of arbitrarily conveyed energy required sensor nodes. Sensor nodes have capacity to sense and send detected information to Base Station (BS). Detecting and in addition transmitting information towards BS require more energy. In WSNs, sparing energy and developing network lifetime are awesome difficulties. Clustering is a key method used to enhance energy utilization in WSNs. Among two types of network; Homogeneous and Heterogeneous, the later has demonstrated to be significantly more essential in upgrading the network lifetime and making the network a great deal more energy adjusted with fitting probabilistic cluster head choice. In this paper, a novel clustering based routing protocol called Threshold Enhanced Developed Distributed Energy Eﬃcient Clustering scheme (TEDDEEC) for heterogeneous WSNs is proposed. This method depends on more efficient selection of Cluster Heads (CH) for the rounds. Simulation is carried out for different proportion of normal and advanced nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that this proposed scheme accomplishes longer lifetime, stability period and more eﬀective messages to BS than Enhanced Developed Distributed Energy Eﬃcient Clustering scheme (EDDEEC) in heterogeneous situations.
Core neutronic design of small modular molten salt reactor for submarine propulsion
Authors: Hasibuan M. H. , Dwijayanto R. A. P. , Meireni M. , Harto A. W. , Novianto F. F. , Widiastuti P.
Published: July 2024

Molten salt reactor (MSR) shows great promise as a Generation IV nuclear reactor concept with high thermal-electric conversion efficiency, inherent safety features, and online reprocessing capability. During operation, the molten salt reactor MSR does not require a long refueling shutdown owing to online fuel reprocessing, making it suitable for watercraft propulsion. This paper presents the neutronic design of the 250 MWt iso-breeder MSR concept for submarine propulsion. The reactor is fueled with LiF-BeF2-ThF4-233UF4 salt with a virtual one-and-a-half fluid configuration. The MSR core is moderated with beryllium oxide and equipped with a high-density graphite reflector to improve neutronic. All calculations on the reactor core design were performed using MCNP6.2 code with ENDF/B-VII.0 neutron cross-section library. As a part of the neutronic analysis, the calculated parameters were the effective multiplication factor (), temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR), and breeding ratio (BR). The  value of ± 1.005 was obtained using Th : U ratio of 98.42% : 1.58%. The TCR value was obtained at -2.56 pcm/K, while the BR value was 1.057. These initial values indicate that the marine propulsion MSR can achieve iso-breeding with inherent safety characteristics. By using MSR design, it is hoped that the submarines will be able to reach significantly longer operational range than its Diesel-powered counterpart..
Development of a ChatBot model for health telecare: Integration of LangChain, embeddings with OpenAI, and Pinecone using the question answering technique
Authors: Cárdenas O. , Falconi S. , Tusa E. , Rodríguez A.
Published: July 2024

This study was dedicated to the development of an advanced model for a medical ChatBot, aimed at optimizing Telecare in healthcare. Cutting-edge technologies such as LangChain, Embeddings with OpenAI, and Pinecone were incorporated, applying Question Answering techniques to enhance user-Bot interaction. Google Colab was essential, serving as the main environment for both running the code and the ChatBot, in addition to facilitating intensive data processing. The methodology involved a manual and rigorous data collection from official medical sources to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information integrated into the ChatBot. The results showed a notable variability in response times between GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4, with a comprehensive cost evaluation to analyze the profitability of both models in specific medical contexts. In conclusion, the study provided significant insights into the implementation and efficacy of advanced medical ChatBot models, revealing crucial considerations about optimizing response times and cost evaluations in the development of innovative Telecare solutions in healthcare.
“A estos ídolos les levantaban humilladeros”: retórica sobre el Maligno en la obra de Andrés Pérez de Ribas (1645)
Authors: Jiménez Gómez Ismael
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo busca analizar la retórica jesuítica en la obra Historia de los trivmphos de nuestra santa fee entre gentes las más bárbaras y fieras del nueuo orbe, escrita por el cordobés Andrés Pérez de Ribas, publicada en 1645, para destacar los temas referentes a la pervivencia de la idolatría y a la influencia del demonio sobre los indios que habitaban las misiones norteñas. Si bien esta crónica ha sido analizada desde distintas perspectivas historiográficas, se pretende rastrear aquellos testimonios relevantes que describen la concepción que los miembros de la sociedad ignaciana mantenían sobre aquellas prácticas y cosmovisiones locales contrarias a la fe cristiana, a fin de resaltar la importancia y el papel que la escritura misionera tomó para la conformación y la difusión de estas narrativas. En este sentido, se propone colocar la mirada en los denominados “saberes jesuíticos”, con énfasis en el corpus retórico relacionado con los propósitos apologéticos de la conversión de los gentiles. Para lograr el objetivo planteado, el artículo se divide en los siguientes apartados: el establecimiento de las misiones jesuitas en la provincia de Sinaloa, la vida y trayectoria del jesuita Pérez de Ribas y la retórica del “mal” presente en su obra escrita.
Sobre Genaro Valencia Constantino y Mario Humberto Ruz Sosa, El arzobispado de Guatemala. Documentos sobre su creación (1742-1747)
Authors: Rivera Díaz Pedro Emilio
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro de Genaro Valencia Constantino y Mario Humberto Ruz Sosa, El arzobispado de Guatemala. Documentos sobre su creación (1742-1747) (México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Centro de Estudios Mayas, 2022).
El cuestionario de las Cortes de Cádiz: apuntes y reflexiones sobre el potencial etnográfico de sus respuestas
Authors: Quiñones Martínez Cynthia Teresa , Gatta Massimo
Published: July 2024

Este artículo tiene como propósito estimular el interés académico en torno a la búsqueda y el análisis de las respuestas del cuestionario propuesto por las Cortes de Cádiz en 1812, el cual tenía como objetivo recopilar información detallada de la vida, los usos y las costumbres de los indígenas de las colonias de ultramar. Para ello, se presenta un balance historiográfico que pone en diálogo los trabajos realizados sobre este tema, así como una exposición de la distribución geográfica y cultural de las respuestas encontradas y su potencial para la cons- trucción de etnografías de los pueblos americanos. Se resalta la importancia de buscar y analizar los corpus de contestaciones a dicho cuestionario para comprender la diversidad étnica y cultural de la América española en los albores del siglo XIX en el marco del proyecto constitucional gaditano. En las conclusiones más importantes alcanzadas por el momento, derivadas de la revisión panorámica de las 58 respuestas hasta ahora identificadas, se destaca la pervivencia de la diversidad étnica y cultural en la América española en el ocaso del periodo colonial.
Sobre Nicole von Germeten, The Enlightened Patrolman. Early Law Enforcement in Mexico City
Authors: Pineda Ríos Daniela
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro de Nicole von Germeten, The Enlightened Patrolman. Early Law Enforcement in Mexico City (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2022).
Sobre el libro de Mark Santiago, A bad peace and a good war. Spain and the Mescalero Apache Uprising of 1795–1799
Authors: Martínez Román Jesús David
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro de Mark Santiago, A Bad Peace and a Good War. Spain and the Mescalero Apache Uprising of 1795-1799 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2020).
“Toda la causa, según creo, de la censura”: sátira y escándalo en las primeras gacetas de Alzate: Diario Literario de México (1768)
Authors: Goldin Marcovich Gabriela
Published: July 2024

El Diario Literario de México (1768) de José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez fue suspendido al cabo de ocho números. Este artículo propone una nueva interpretación de los acontecimientos que llevaron a la revocación de la licencia para imprimirlo y de la publicación en su conjunto. A partir de una lectura minuciosa de los ocho números del Diario y de documentos de archivos, poco utilizados hasta ahora, se argumenta que la primera obra literaria de Alzate fue un proyecto ilustrado, el cual aliaba la religión con la ciencia moderna. Alzate buscó imponerse en el mercado editorial novohispano con estrategias variadas como la inclusión de escritos de sus supuestos lectores y el uso de la sátira. Su breve vida logró dar cuerpo a la figura del público que invocó en su Prólogo. Este experimento fue tolerado en un principio, pero eventualmente suscitó un escándalo suficientemente importante como para provocar su suspensión y confiscación. Sin embargo, durante los ocho números que salieron a la luz, Alzate exploró hasta donde le fue posible las fronteras de lo aceptable políticamente.