bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Has Indonesia Safeguarded Traditional Cultural Expressions?
Authors: Setiyono Setiyono , Keumala Dinda , Sabirin Ahmad , Nursantih Nadia
Published: August 2024

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia recognized the importance of intellectual property in folklore since the 1982 Copyright Law was enacted (Article 10 of Law No. 6/1982). The study seeks to understand what obstacles Indonesia faces in protecting tribal peoples' communal rights over traditional cultural expressions, also called expressions of folklore in the digital age, and how other nations are resolving them. What is Indonesia's plan for developing and safeguarding traditional cultural manifestations in the digital age, as seen from other nations? The study employs a case-based, normative legal research methodology. The findings, an urgent need for specific institutions that control access benefit sharing from usage by foreign parties, as well as a special anti-theft task force for communal intellectual property rights in the digital era that takes the form of a support organization for tribal peoples. To increase cooperation in the inventorying and documentation of Tribal peoples who own collective intellectual property, optimization also calls for coordination of involvement between the federal government, local governments, and autonomous bodies operating under them, such as the Ministry of Tourism, the Creative Economy Agency, and Tribal peoples' organizations.
Political Party Deliberation: Mechanism for Safeguarding Constituent Rights against Vacancies in House of Representatives Affected by Political Party Dissolution
Authors: Fauzia Ana , Esfandiari Fitria
Published: August 2024

The Indonesian Constitutional Court has the power to dissolve political parties. But this power has never really been used. This research aims is to examine the impact of the legal vacuum created by the collapse of political parties. The problems raised in this research are as follows: First, aspects of the legitimacy of political party management deliberations in filling the vacancies of members of representative bodies as an implication of the dissolution of political parties;.Second, the deliberation mechanism of political party officials should be analyzed as a legal reform to fill the vacant positions of members of representative bodies from disbanded political parties. The findings of this study take the shape of a notion concerning party management decisions offering their constituent votes to other political parties that do not reach the threshold for collecting votes to sit in parliament because they do not satisfy the parliamentary threshold.
Democratization or Extra-Constitutionalism: Ideas for Limiting the Term of Office for Chairmen of Political Parties in Indonesia
Authors: Mukhlis Muhammad Mutawalli , Tajuddin Muhammad Saleh , Ilham Ilham , Koharudin Koharudin , Rahman Abdul
Published: August 2024

One aspect of the internal democratization of political parties that is not working is the lack of regeneration of political party leaders. This phenomenon presents oligarchic party practices and gives rise to a very elitist and feudalistic culture since political parties are controlled by the general chairman. This research is qualitative research with normative juridical methods using legal, conceptual, philosophical, and doctrinal approaches. This research is library research that examines and explores regulatory documents, books, journals, and other scientific works that are relevant to the topic of discussion. This article aims to provide new thinking in building internal institutions of democratic political parties. The results of data collection were analyzed in depth and then presented descriptively analytically. The conclusion of the article shows that by limiting the term of office of the general chairman of a political party, party internalization becomes more open. This idea advances party organizations that prioritize healthy competition. The terms of office need to be regulated in the political party law and do not need to be regulated in the political party's articles of association and bylaws for the sake of uniformity and legal certainty. The term of office of a political party leader is limited to 1 (one) period, namely five years, and a maximum of 2 (two) periods, namely ten years, if re-elected as general chairman at the political party conference forum and chairman election.
Land Bank in Indonesia: Disoriented Authority, Overlapping Regulations and Injustice
Authors: Mahfud Muh Afif , Djohan Naufal Hasanuddin , Malik Muhammad Fahad
Published: August 2024

The Indonesian Lank Bank Agency (“Land Bank”) is a sui generis institution that has broad authority including providing convenience for investors and implementing agrarian reform based on the value of justice and legal certainty. This paper aims to analyze the disorientation of authority and overlapping regulations of the Land Bank, examine the Land Bank’s authority based on the cybernetic concept of Talcott Parsons and deconstruct the Land Bank‘s authority in terms of the value of justice. This research is a normative study that uses secondary data collected through literature research and analyzed the data through content analysis. Based on the analysis, it is found that there is a disorientation of the Land Bank‘s authority as its authority to implement the agrarian reform aimed at creating equitable land ownership is contradictory to its authority to facilitate investments that use large areas of land. The implementation of agrarian reform by the Land Bank also faces overlapping regulations and authority. Based on Talcott Parsons' cybernetic concept, the Indonesian government prioritizes investment facilitation authority (economic subsystem) which has the highest energy and therefore ignore agrarian reform (social subsystem) which has lower energy. This is not in line with the principle of justice, namely partiality to the disadvantaged party since it prioritizes the interests of business entities as the more economically advantaged party and overrides the interests of people who do not own land or control land less than the minimum limit.
The Prevalence Of Child Marriage: Comparitive Study Of Indonesia And Other South Asian States
Authors: Retnowulandari Wahyuni , Wangga Maria Silvya Elisabeth , Notoprayitno Maya Indrasti , Ahmad Nadzriah
Published: August 2024

Child marriage is a serious issue that has yet to be addressed by Indonesia. This practice severely affects the rights of the child and also Indonesian society as a whole. From a human rights perspective, child marriage is a form of gender-based violence. The causes of early marriage in Indonesia include pregnancy out of wedlock, which is also supported by westernized social life as well as the influence of the media, low education, economic factors and patriarchal culture. Meanwhile, other South Asian States such as India are influenced by economic violence against Muslim women perpetrated by their husbands. This practice in India has a detrimental impact on Muslim women's access to health services, educational attainment, social mobility, and employment opportunities. Furthermore, Bangladesh is affected by family poverty, while Pakistan is affected by financial shocks and school dropout rates. Although multiple factors causally affect the prevalence of child marriage, Indonesia and other South Asian States have shown that protective laws may help to lower the rates of child marriages and adolescent fertility. This article analyzes Indonesia’s legal framework in efforts to protect child marriages and compares it with other South Asian States. The main issue of this paper is that early marriage violates the children’s rights and both the Indonesian government and the international community should be obligated to combat early child marriage. The methodology employed by this article is a qualitative method of comparative legal case study, where secondary data such as books, articles, reports, online web sites, and court cases are analyzed. This article concludes that existing evidence shows that Indonesia and other South Asian states still lack in enforcement and monitoring delays to ensure the rights of the child and protect women. Alternative legal protection should be applied in order to ensure that women and children can gain access to higher education and hold their life in their own hands
Admissibility of Lawsuits Based on Interest under Algerian Civil and Administrative Procedures
Authors: Yassine Chami , Ahmad Ahmad , Muhtar Mohamad Hidayat , Rivera Kevin M , Putri Viorizza Suciani
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of interests on the admissibility of civil and administrative lawsuits in Algeria under the Administrative and Civil Procedures Code in the country. The research utilized a normative research method that integrated legal concepts and approaches. It drew on primary legal sources such as laws, regulations, and court decisions, as well as secondary sources including documents, literature, and articles. The study aims to raise awareness among both legal professionals and the general public about the significance of interests in civil lawsuits and how it can impact the admissibility or inadmissibility of lawsuits filed before the court. This will help enhance judicial efficiency by allowing courts to prioritize cases with significant impact on the parties or broader societal relevance. The research manifested that interests are pivotal in determining a lawsuit's validity and that for a lawsuit to be heard, interests must be legal, legitimate, and actual. It also highlighted that the concept of interest in civil lawsuits acts as a crucial mechanism to safeguard the integrity, fairness, and efficiency of the judicial system. Objections based on the unenforceability of interests serve as a key procedural tool, enabling the dismissal of lawsuits that do not meet this criterion. Thus, interest is essential not only for forming the basis of a lawsuit but also for maintaining judicial integrity and effectiveness.
Choices of Law for Democratic Regional Head Election Dispute Resolution Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Amancik Amancik , Ahmad Saifulloh Putra Perdana , Ayub Zainal Amin , Barus Sonia Ivana , Ramadhani Susi
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to provide a conceptual idea regarding legal options in resolving disputes of democratic regional head elections in Indonesia with two proposed options. The first option included revising the Election and Regional Election Law to grant authority to the Constitutional Court (MK) and Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) for adjudicating disputes. The second option proposed implementing the Fifth Amendment to the 1945 Constitution to reconstruct the Constitutional Court as an election court correlating with the primary role of upholding regulations. These proposed options would grant the Constitutional Court the authority to examine and adjudicate substantial matters related to the constitutionality of elections. Furthermore, the analysis used normative legal research including statutory, comparative, and conceptual methods.
Pengaruh Alat Bantu Kalibrasi Stopwatch Menggunakan Metode Totalize terhadap Waktu Reaksi Operator
Authors: Sutanto Willi , Zaki Masrofin , Akhdan Nadhif Maulana
Published: August 2024

Salah satu alat ukur waktu yang banyak digunakan di berbagai kegiatan manusia adalah stopwatch. Untuk memastikan hasil pengukurannya akurat, stopwatch perlu dikalibrasi. Terdapat tiga metode dalam mengkalibrasi stopwatch, yaitu metode perbandingan langsung, metode totalize, dan metode time base. Operator kalibrasi termasuk salah satu sumber ketidakpastian yang berpengaruh pada kalibrasi stopwatch khususnya dengan menggunakan metode totalize berupa waktu reaksi operator. Waktu reaksi operator yang dimaksud adalah Human Reaction Time Bias (HRTB) dan Human Reaction Time Standar Deviation (HRTSD). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini tertarik untuk mengetahui pengaruh alat yang dibuat untuk membantu kegiatan kalibrasi stopwatch menggunakan metode totalize terhadap waktu reaksi operator. Alat bantu berbasis Arduino Uno tersebut dibuat agar dapat menggantikan peran operator kalibrasi untuk menekan tombol start/stop dari empat stopwatch yang diuji dan mengirimkan sinyal ke generator function dan universal counter secara bersamaan. Generator function dan universal counter merupakan alat yang menghasilkan standar waktu pada kalibrasi metode totalize tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, waktu reaksi operator pada kalibrasi empat buah stopwatch menggunakan metode totalize adalah lebih baik dengan menggunakan alat bantu dibandingkan dengan operator kalibrasi. Nilai HRTB dan HRTSD menggunakan alat bantu adalah 0,00398s dan 0,00890228s sedangkan nilai HRTB dan HRTSD dengan bantuan operator adalah 0,007s dan 0,028s.
Simulasi Sistem Kontrol PID Cohen-Coon Pada Mesin Stone Crusher Dengan Motor 14HP
Authors: Tusila Fonda Jiwa Arkananta Tusila , Ryan Yudha Adhitya  , Mat Syai’in  , Noorman Rinanto  , Agus Khumaidi  , Dimas Pristovani Riananda  , Isa Rachman  , Rizal Indrawan
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada simulasi metode kontrol PID Cohen-Coon untuk pengendalian otomatis mesin crusher batu. Dengan parameter PID yang diperoleh dari metode PID Cohen-Coon yaitu Kp=0,042, Ki=0,365, dan Kd=2,47, mesin crusher diharapkan dapat merespons secara stabil dalam waktu 1 detik setelah terjadi osilasi. Pada simulasi MATLAB, meskipun masih terjadi osilasi pada awalnya, sistem menunjukkan overshoot sekitar 50% dan undershoot sekitar 30%. Metode PID dipilih karena kemampuannya mengontrol sistem secara otomatis dengan mengombinasikan proporsional, integral, dan derivatif dari kesalahan sistem. Hasil simulasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian motor pada mesin crusher dengan metode PID Cohen-Coon memberikan kinerja yang efisien dan stabil, meningkatkan keandalan proses penghancuran batu secara keseluruhan, serta memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan sistem pengendalian otomatis untuk industri pemecahan batu koral yang membutuhkan tingkat presisi dan efisiensi yang tinggi.
Prototype Coding Expired Date Printing Machine Pada Kemasan Plastik Produk dengan Metode PID
Authors: Mochamad Dhani Inwanul Farikh  , Didik Sukoco  , Mohammad Abu Jamii’in  , Agus Khumaidi  , Afif Zuhri Arfianto  , Adianto
Published: August 2024

Peningkatan industri makanan dan minuman juga berpengaruh pada penggunaan plastik menjadi semakin banyak. Penggunaan kemasan produk plastik yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pelindung atau melindungi produk dari pengaruh luar yang dapat mempercepat proses pembusukan makanan yang ada didalamnya. Pentingnya cetak label produksi dan tanggal kedaluwarsa produk yang menyatakan umur produk yang masih layak untuk dikonsumsi juga tak kalah penting nya. Kebutuhan mesin tersebut sangat diperlukan mengingat banyaknya kemasan produk yang harus diberikan penandaan. Sering terjadinya ketidakjelasan kode kedaluwarsa karena suhu pemanas yang tidak stabil pada saat mencetak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Cohen-Coon PID auto-tunning dengan parameter Pb sebesar 1,7239%, Ti sebesar 4,1930, dan Td sebesar 0,6779 memberikan kontrol pemanas yang efisien dan stabil, untuk memberikan kestabilan panas saat mencetak kode kedaluwarsa.
Novel 3D human trophoblast culture to explore T. cruzi infection in the placenta
Authors: Apodaca Sofia , Di Salvatore Marco , Muñoz-Calderón Arturo , Curto María de los Ángeles , Longhi Silvia A. , Schijman Alejandro G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Human trophoblastic cell lines, such as BeWo, are commonly used in 2D models to study placental Trypanosoma cruzi infections. However, these models do not accurately represent natural infections. Three-dimensional (3D) microtissue cultures offer a more physiologically relevant in vitro model, mimicking tissue microarchitecture and providing an environment closer to natural infections. These 3D cultures exhibit functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and gene expression that resemble in vivo conditions.

Methods

We developed a 3D culture model using the human trophoblastic cell line BeWo and nonadherent agarose molds from the MicroTissues® 3D Petri Dish® system. Both small (12–256) and large (12–81) models were tested with varying initial cell numbers. We measured the diameter of the 3D cultures and evaluated cell viability using Trypan Blue dye. Trophoblast functionality was assessed by measuring β-hCG production via ELISA. Cell fusion was evaluated using confocal microscopy, with Phalloidin or ZO-1 marking cell edges and DAPI staining nuclei. T. cruzi infection was assessed by microscopy and quantitative PCR, targeting the EF1-α gene for T. cruzi and GAPDH for BeWo cells, using three parasite strains: VD (isolated from a congenital Chagas disease infant and classified as Tc VI), and K98 and Pan4 (unrelated to congenital infection and classified as Tc I).

Results

Seeding 1000 BeWo cells per microwell in the large model resulted in comparable cellular viability to 2D cultures, with a theoretical diameter of 408.68 ± 12.65 μm observed at 5 days. Functionality, assessed through β-hCG production, exceeded levels in 2D cultures at both 3 and 5 days. T. cruzi infection was confirmed by qPCR and microscopy, showing parasite presence inside the cells for all three tested strains. The distribution and progression of the infection varied with each strain.

Discussion

This innovative 3D model offers a simple yet effective approach for generating viable and functional cultures susceptible to T. cruzi infection, presenting significant potential for studying the placental microenvironment.
Genome-wide identification of TCP transcription factors and their potential roles in hydrolyzable tannin production in Quercus variabilis cupule
Authors: Wang Yaochen , Li Jinjin , Chen Yixin , Yu Zhaowei , Liu Puyuan , Li Guolei , Yang Qinsong
Published: August 2024

Hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) have garnered significant attention due to their proven beneficial effects in the clinical treatment of various diseases. The cupule of Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) has been used as raw material of traditional medicine for centuries for its high content of HTs. Previous studies have identified UGT84A13 as a key enzyme in the HT biosynthesis pathway in Q. variabilis, but the transcriptional regulation network of UGT84A13 remains obscure. Here, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification of the TCP transcription factors in Q. variabilis, elucidating their molecular evolution and gene structure. Gene expression analysis showed that TCP3 from the CIN subfamily and TCP6 from the PCF subfamily were co-expressed with UGT84A13 in cupule. Further functional characterization using dual-luciferase assays confirmed that TCP3, rather than TCP6, played a role in the transcriptional regulation of UGT84A13, thus promoting HT biosynthesis in the cupule of Q. variabilis. Our work identified TCP family members in Q. variabilis for the first time, and provided novel insights into the transcriptional regulatory network of UGT84A13 and HT biosynthesis in Q. variabilis, explaining the reason why the cupule enriches HTs that could be used for traditional medicine.
Study on the Structural Characteristics of Mesh Filter Cake in Drip Irrigation: Based on the Growth Stage of Filter Cake
Authors: Long Yangjuan , Liu Zhenji , Zong Quanli , Jing Heyi , Lu Chen
Published: August 2024

Mesh filters are frequently employed in water-saving irrigation fields. Studies addressing the method of cake formation and the characteristics of the cake during the mesh filter’s growing phase are still missing. One-way and orthogonal experiments were carried out using mesh filters with 220 μm and 320 μm aperture sizes as the research objects, taking particle concentrations, inlet flow, and growth phases as experimental factors. According to the variation rule of seed pressure drop in the formation process of filter cake, the growth process of filter cake is divided into four stages, which are as follows: slow blockage first and second stages (M1, M2), fast blockage stage (M3), and filter cake filtration stage (M4). Moreover, the size distribution, porosity (ε), pore-to-particle ratio (KP), and median size (d50) of the filter cake were used to represent the structural characteristics. The results show that the growth of filter cake was a process that started with the filling of mesh pores by intercepted particles and progressed to the filling of large-particle skeleton pores by subsequently filtered particles. During this process, the proportion of intercepted particles gradually decreased, while the proportion of filtered particles increased incrementally, and the median size (d50) and porosity (ε) decreased. Meanwhile, the smaller the aperture size of the screen, the smaller the filter cake’s median size (d50) was, but the larger the pore-to-particle ratio (KP) was. As the flow rate increased, the porosity (ε) was augmented in the M1 and M2 stages; however, it decreased in the M3 and M4 stages. The concentration had a minor influence on the filter cake’s porosity. Lastly, the regression model for filter cake porosity under two aperture size conditions was established, based on factors such as flow rate, concentration, and growth stage. The coefficients of determination, R2, for the model were 90.33% and 80.73%, indicating a good fit.
Moderate Drought Stress Interferes with the Physiological State and Promotes the Accumulation of Isoflavone in Reproductive Iris domestica Rhizomes
Authors: Ai Qiang , Dai Ailin , Han Mei , Yang Limin , Liu Cuijing
Published: August 2024

Drought stress is one of the main factors affecting the growth and secondary metabolism of plants. Iris domestica, rich in isoflavones, is a common herbal medicine in China. In this study, the effects of drought stress and rehydration on resistance physiological characteristics and the secondary metabolism of two-year-old I. domestica during the vegetative and reproductive growth period were investigated. The results showed that the dry weight and fresh weight of rhizomes and roots under severe drought stress were significantly decreased, while those under moderate drought stress were not significantly changed. Meanwhile, the SOD activities, POD activities, MDA content and Pro content increased to resist drought at D1 and D2. In the vegetative growth period, the changes in isoflavone concentration and the expression levels of genes in isoflavone synthesis were more dramatic. Isoflavone accumulation was promoted, to some extent, in the reproductive growth period under the D1 drought treatment. In the actual production process, different measures, namely short-term stress regulation in the vegetative growth period and moderate drought stress (13.44% < soil water content ≤ 16.8%) in the reproductive growth period, need to be adopted to regulate isoflavone biosynthesis.
Enhanced N-Glycan Profiling of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies through the Application of Upper-Hinge Middle-Up Level LC-HRMS Analysis
Authors: Mesonzhnik Natalia , Belushenko Anton , Novikova Polina , Kukharenko Alexey , Afonin Mikhail
Published: August 2024

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are crucial in modern medicine due to their effectiveness in treating various diseases. However, the structural complexity of mAbs, particularly their glycosylation patterns, presents challenges for quality control and biosimilarity assessment. This study explores the use of upper-hinge middle-up (UHMU)-level ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis to improve N-glycan profiling of mAbs. Two specific enzymes, known as IgG degradation enzymes (IGDEs), were used to selectively cleave therapeutic mAbs above the hinge region to separate antibody subunits for further Fc glycan analysis by means of the UHMU/LC-HRMS workflow. The complexity of the mass spectra of IGDEs-digested mAbs was significantly reduced compared to the intact MS level, enabling reliable assignment and relative quantitation of paired Fc glycoforms. The results of the UHMU/LC-HRMS analysis of nine approved therapeutics highlight the significance of this approach for in-depth glycoform profiling.
Optimizing CNN-LSTM for the Localization of False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems
Authors: Li Zhuo , Xie Yaobin , Ma Rongkuan , Wei Zihan
Published: August 2024

As the informatization of power systems advances, the secure operation of power systems faces various potential network attacks and threats. The false data injection attack (FDIA) is a common attack mode that can lead to abnormal system operations and serious economic losses by injecting abnormal data into terminal links or devices. The current research on FDIA primarily focuses on detecting its existence, but there is relatively little research on the localization of the attacks. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel FDIA localization method (GA-CNN-LSTM) that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), and a genetic algorithm (GA) and can accurately locate the attacked bus or line. This method utilizes a CNN to extract local features and combines LSTM with time series information to extract global features. It integrates a CNN and LSTM to deeply explore complex patterns and dynamic changes in the data, effectively extract FDIA features in the data, and optimize the hyperparameters of the neural network using the GA to ensure an optimal performance of the model. Simulation experiments were conducted on the IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus test systems. The results indicate that the GA-CNN-LSTM method achieved F1 scores for location identification of 99.71% and 99.10%, respectively, demonstrating superior localization performance compared to other methods.
FFA-BiGRU: Attention-Based Spatial-Temporal Feature Extraction Model for Music Emotion Classification
Authors: Su Yuping , Chen Jie , Chai Ruiting , Wu Xiaojun , Zhang Yumei
Published: August 2024

Music emotion recognition is becoming an important research direction due to its great significance for music information retrieval, music recommendation, and so on. In the task of music emotion recognition, the key to achieving accurate emotion recognition lies in how to extract the affect-salient features fully. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end spatial-temporal feature extraction method named FFA-BiGRU for music emotion classification. Taking the log Mel-spectrogram of music audio as the input, this method employs an attention-based convolutional residual module named FFA, which serves as a spatial feature learning module to obtain multi-scale spatial features. In the FFA module, three group architecture blocks extract multi-level spatial features, each of which consists of a stack of multiple channel-spatial attention-based residual blocks. Then, the output features from FFA are fed into the bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRU) module to capture the temporal features of music further. In order to make full use of the extracted spatial and temporal features, the output feature maps of FFA and those of the BiGRU are concatenated in the channel dimension. Finally, the concatenated features are passed through fully connected layers to predict the emotion classification results. The experimental results of the EMOPIA dataset show that the proposed model achieves better classification accuracy than the existing baselines. Meanwhile, the ablation experiments also demonstrate the effectiveness of each part of the proposed method.
Identification of Land Use Mix Using Point-Based Geospatial Data in Urban Areas
Authors: Akyol Mehmet Ali , Temizel Tuğba Taşkaya , Duzgun Sebnem , Baykal Nazife
Published: August 2024

Identifying land use mix (LUM) in urban areas is challenging, often requiring extensive human intervention and fieldwork. Accurate classification of LUM is crucial for various disciplines, including urban planning, urban economics, and public health. This study addresses this need by employing Voronoi triangulation and an entropy-based LUM formula using point-based geospatial data collected from publicly available sources. The methodology was tested in two distinct urban settings: Ankara and Kadıköy. Ankara, the capital city, provides a large and diverse urban environment, while Kadıköy, a district in Istanbul known for its dynamic urban life, offers a contrasting scenario. Results were analyzed concerning local spatial autocorrelation and point of interest (POI) intensity. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the approach performs well across different urban contexts, with improved results observed in Kadıköy due to its higher density of mixed-use development. Specifically, we managed to identify mixed land use areas with an accuracy of up to 78% and an F1-score of 83% in urban regions. These findings highlight the robustness and applicability of our approach in diverse urban environments, providing valuable insights for city planners and policymakers in optimizing the allocation of urban resources and enhancing land use efficiency.
Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Jara Honey Produced in Western Georgia
Authors: Abashidze Nona , Djafaridze Indira , Vanidze Maia , Khakhutaishvili Meri , Kharadze Maia , Kartsivadze Inga , Davitadze Ruslan , Kalandia Aleko
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research article was to study the physicochemical characteristics of semi-wild Jara honey grown in Western Georgia. Jara honey is produced in the alpine and sub-alpine forest zone of high mountain Adjara, which is distinguished by its variety of honey plants. The physicochemical characteristics were examined concerning the Alimemtarius Code and EU regulations: moisture content, total carbohydrates, free acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, microelements (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca), color, total phenols, total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, proline, diastase activity, proteins, and microscopic study of pollens. Using the UPLC-MSB method, grayanotoxin-III was identified in the semi-wild Jara honey samples. The findings demonstrated that the honey has significant concentrations of phenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. A directly proportional relationship was established between the quantitative content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of honey. This article is the first study of the characteristics of Jara honey produced in Western Georgia.
Transmission Loss Characteristics of Dual Cavity Impedance Composite Mufflers for Non-Planar Wave Cavity Resonance
Authors: Huang Yizhe , Yan Bojin , Zhang Huizhen , Wang Chenlin , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhifu , Huang Qibai , Zhan Xin
Published: August 2024

In conventional gasoline automobiles, the engine powers the air conditioning system and engine noise can somewhat mask the noise and vibration of the air conditioning system. In pure electric vehicles, however, the absence of an engine makes the air conditioning system’s noise more noticeable, concentrated in a limited frequency range at constant speeds. As a result, aerodynamic noise from the air conditioning system is a primary noise source in electric vehicles. Pipeline silencers are the main method for reducing this noise. The current silencer design uses plane wave acoustic theory but when cavity modal resonance occurs, the transmission loss error is relatively high. This article addresses the issue of non-planar wave cavity resonance, studying the cavity modal of a muffler using the finite element method to reveal the transmission loss under cavity mode resonance. A dual cavity expansion structure of an impedance composite muffler is proposed, with sound-absorbing materials placed in the cavity to enhance acoustic performance. The analysis of the transmission loss characteristics of the impedance composite muffler provides a theoretical basis for noise control in pure electric vehicle air conditioning systems.
Composition, Bioactivities, Microbiome, Safety Concerns, and Impact of Essential Oils on the Health Status of Domestic Animals
Authors: Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Kesika Periyanaina , Daungchana Nitiwan , Sisubalan Natarajan , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: August 2024

Essential oils (EOs) are highly concentrated and volatile blends of nonpolar substances that are derived from aromatic plant components and comprise terpenes, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids, exhibiting diverse biological and pharmacological properties. The burgeoning pet industry is interested in EOs as a potential solution for common health issues in domestic animals, particularly in addressing antimicrobial resistance. The present literature review summarizes the composition, properties, benefits, safety considerations, and effects of EOs on domestic animals. The applications of EOs range from antimicrobial effects to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, etc. The chemical constituents of EOs, exemplified by eucalyptus EO and rosemary EO, highlight their distinct aromatic profiles and potential benefits. Nevertheless, understanding the chemical makeup of EOs is fundamental to assessing their potential impacts on biological systems. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the host, including energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Safety considerations, including potential toxicity risk awareness, are essential when incorporating EOs into animal care routines. The feed additives incorporating EOs have shown promise in influencing gut microbiota balance, reducing inflammation, and acting as antioxidants. However, considering the potential risks associated with high doses or multiple administrations, cautious application is paramount. Preliminary studies suggest low toxicity levels, but further research is required to evaluate the safety of EOs. Though studies have reported the beneficial effects of EOs on pets and animals, further research is needed to validate the findings in real-world conditions. The paper also discussed the regulatory considerations and future perspectives on applying EOs in veterinary medicine.
Natural Materials as Carriers of Microbial Consortium for Bioaugmentation of Anaerobic Digesters
Authors: Dadic Blanka , Ivankovic Tomislav , Spelic Karlo , Hrenovic Jasna , Jurisic Vanja
Published: August 2024

The production of biogas is achieved during anaerobic digestion (AD) using organic matter as a substrate. In Mediterranean countries, a promising substrate is lignocellulose biomass of perennial grass Miscanthus x giganteus, due to its potentially high biogas yields, which could be comparable to maize silage. During AD, bacteria convert biomass into more minor compounds, which are further converted to methane by methanogenic archaea. The selection of appropriate microbes for the degradation of the substrate is crucial, and the enhancement of this step lies in the immobilization of microbes on biocarriers. Described here, a microbial consortium, de novo isolated and conditioned to degrade the Mischantus biomass, was immobilized onto several natural biocarriers: natural zeolitized tuff, ZeoSand® (Velebit Agro, Zagreb, Croatia), perlite, and corncob. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of immobilized bacteria across the different materials. Therefore, all proved to be suitable for the immobilization of the consortium. In the consortium, five bacterial species with different shares in the consortium were identified: Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter asburiae, Leclercia adecarboxylata, and Exiguobacterium indicum. After immobilization on each carrier, the share of each species changed when compared to starting conditions, and the most dominant species was E. cloacae (71–90%), while the share for other species ranged from 2 to 23%. The share of E. indicum was 14% at the start. However, it diminished to less than 1% because it was overgrown during the competition with other bacterial species, not due to an inability to immobilize.
Detection and Tracking of Underwater Fish Using the Fair Multi-Object Tracking Model: A Comparative Analysis of YOLOv5s and DLA-34 Backbone Models
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Oh Myeong-Hoon
Published: August 2024

Modern aquaculture utilizes computer vision technology to analyze underwater images of fish, contributing to optimized water quality and improved production efficiency. The purpose of this study is to efficiently perform underwater fish detection and tracking using multi-object tracking (MOT) technology. To achieve this, the FairMOT model was employed to simultaneously implement pixel-level object detection and re-identification (Re-ID) functions, comparing two backbone models: FairMOT+YOLOv5s and FairMOT+DLA-34. The study constructed a dataset targeting the popular black porgy in Korean aquaculture, using underwater video data from five different environments collected from the internet. During the training process, the FairMOT+YOLOv5s model rapidly reduced train loss and demonstrated stable performance. The FairMOT+DLA-34 model showed better results in ID tracking performance, with an accuracy of 44.1%, an IDF1 of 11.0%, an MOTP of 0.393, and an IDSW of 1. In contrast, the FairMOT+YOLOv5s model recorded an accuracy of 43.8%, an IDF1 of 14.6%, an MOTP of 0.400, and an IDSW of 10. The results of this study indicate that the FairMOT+YOLOv5s model demonstrated higher IDF1 and MOTP scores compared to the FairMOT+DLA-34 model, while the FairMOT+DLA-34 model showed superior performance in ID tracking accuracy and had fewer ID switches.
Study on Deformation of New Tunnels Overcrossing Existing Tunnels Underneath Operating Railways
Authors: Xie Can , Qu Yuhang , Lu Haiyan , Song Shuguang
Published: August 2024

With the increasing utilization of urban underground space, new tunnels frequently intersect with existing tunnels and operational railways. However, sometimes the excavation and unloading of new tunnels can cause deformation of adjacent existing tunnels and railways, significantly affecting their normal operation. We used finite element software to predict the influence of new tunnel construction on overcrossing existing tunnels and down-traversing operational railways by a dynamic tunneling model based on a connection channel project of the east and west squares of a railway station. This article is not only control the distance between the two tunnels, but the new tunnel and the existing tunnel, as well as the new tunnel and the operation of the railway, the positional relationship between the three, the deformation laws of existing tunnels and operational railways during the construction of new tunnels with different buried depths are analyzed. The results show that the deformation curves of existing tunnels and operational railways present a normal distribution. The maximum deformation position is at the intersection with the new tunnel upon completion of the new tunnel excavation construction. Moreover, an increase in the buried depth of the new tunnel increases the deformation of the operational railway and the existing tunnel. The influence of the depth change of the new tunnel on the settlement of the operational railway is greater than that of the existing tunnel.
The Hysteresis Behavior of Steel Beam–Column Joint with the Load Bearing-Energy Dissipation Connection for Converter Station Building
Authors: Gao Xian , Lin Shaoyuan , Liu Ruyue , Chen Xilong
Published: August 2024

Prefabricated converter station building has been gradually applied in the field of power engineering construction due to the advantages of standardized design, high construction efficiency, and quality control. The beam–column joint is the essential constitutive part to ensure structural integrity and reliable force transmission for the prefabricated structure. In this paper, a novel load bearing-energy dissipation connection is proposed and applied to the beam–column joint to improve seismic performance and seismic resilience. Pseudo-static tests were conducted on the beam–column joint with the load bearing-energy dissipation connection, and the test results demonstrated that the tested beam–column joints developed with similar failure modes, and the damage was concentrated in the load bearing-energy dissipation connection while the beam and column remained elastic. The beam–column joint with the load bearing-energy dissipation connection had stable hysteresis behavior, with favorable bearing capacity and energy dissipation behavior. A shorter slip length and a larger bolt distance could lead to better stress development and enhance the bearing capacity, while the slip length barely affected the ductile behavior. Moreover, a finite element model was established and validated to extend the parametric study to provide a preliminary understanding of the mechanical mechanism of the proposed beam–column joint with the load bearing-energy dissipation connection. It was confirmed that the load–-deformation behavior was greatly affected by the slip length, but the slip length barely affected the initial stiffness. The width of the sliding steel fuse influenced the bearing capacity and the degradation behavior. A wider width could lead to a higher bearing capacity and improve the degradation behavior. Based on the analysis of the stress development and stress distribution corresponding to different feature points, it was concluded that the use of bearing-energy dissipation improved the stress development in the framing components and achieved damage concentration.
In Silico Deciphering of the Potential Impact of Variants of Uncertain Significance in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes
Authors: Fasano Candida , Lepore Signorile Martina , De Marco Katia , Forte Giovanna , Disciglio Vittoria , Sanese Paola , Grossi Valentina , Simone Cristiano
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of cancer incidence worldwide and is responsible for 8% of all deaths globally. Approximately 10% of CRC cases are caused by inherited pathogenic mutations in driver genes involved in pathways that are crucial for CRC tumorigenesis and progression. These hereditary mutations significantly increase the risk of initial benign polyps or adenomas developing into cancer. In recent years, the rapid and accurate sequencing of CRC-specific multigene panels by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has enabled the identification of several recurrent pathogenic variants with established functional consequences. In parallel, rare genetic variants that are not characterized and are, therefore, called variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) have also been detected. The classification of VUSs is a challenging task because each amino acid has specific biochemical properties and uniquely contributes to the structural stability and functional activity of proteins. In this scenario, the ability to computationally predict the effect of a VUS is crucial. In particular, in silico prediction methods can provide useful insights to assess the potential impact of a VUS and support additional clinical evaluation. This approach can further benefit from recent advances in artificial intelligence-based technologies. In this review, we describe the main in silico prediction tools that can be used to evaluate the structural and functional impact of VUSs and provide examples of their application in the analysis of gene variants involved in hereditary CRC syndromes.
Social and Emotional Functioning of Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors and Typically Developing Youth Following the Onset of the Pandemic
Authors: Desjardins Leandra , Hancock Kelly , Lai Meng-Chuan , Bartels Ute , Vorstman Jacob , Barrera Maru
Published: August 2024

Background: Social competence is a domain in which pediatric brain tumour survivors (PBTS) are at risk of challenges. To follow-up on our earlier work, in this study we assessed specific social interaction behaviors and emotional functioning in PBTS relative to typically developing youth (TD). The study coincided with the onset of the global pandemic. Methods: Sixteen PBTS and 16 typically developing youth (TD) between 8–16 years old participated in the study. Youth completed an assessment of social behavior and parents completed online surveys regarding child social and emotional adjustment. Results: PBTS experienced greater impairments in social interaction behaviors and on indices of social adjustment relative to TD. PBTS and TD experienced similar levels of emotional problems. Social behavior challenges were associated with indices of anxiety, rather than depression. Time since pandemic onset was not associated with social emotional outcomes. Conclusions: It will be important to monitor and support the social adjustment of populations such as PBTS, as well as the emotional adjustment across PBTS and TD youth, following the pandemic.
Real-World Treatment Patterns, Health Outcomes, and Healthcare Resource Use in Advanced Common EGFR-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Osimertinib in Alberta
Authors: Cheung Winson Y. , Carbonell Chantelle , Navani Vishal , Sangha Randeep S. , Ewara Emmanuel M. , Elia-Pacitti Julia , Iczkovitz Sandra , Jarada Tamer N. , Warkentin Matthew T.
Published: August 2024

There is limited information on the treatment trajectory and outcomes of patients with advanced cEGFRm NSCLC treated with osimertinib in routine clinical practice in Canada. By using and analyzing population-based administrative data and detailed chart abstraction in the province of Alberta, our objective was to capture Canadian-specific real-world treatment patterns, health outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in advanced cEGFRm NSCLC patients who were (a) treated with osimertinib and (b) those receiving treatment after osimertinib. In our study cohort, we found that the overall survival rates for real-world patients receiving osimertinib were less favorable than those observed in clinical trials (24.0 versus 38.6 months). The attrition rate after osimertinib was substantial and high HCRU persisted across many years after diagnosis and treatment. This study provides important real-world evidence on contemporary survival, treatment patterns, and healthcare use among cEGFRm NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib and suggests that further research efforts are needed to improve therapeutic options in both the first and subsequent line settings.
Detection of HPV DNA in Saliva of Patients with HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy
Authors: Motegi Atsushi , Kageyama Shun-ichiro , Kashima Yukie , Hirata Hidenari , Hojo Hidehiro , Nakamura Masaki , Fujisawa Takeshi , Enokida Tomohiro , Tahara Makoto , Matsuura Kazuto , Zenda Sadamoto
Published: August 2024

Background: To investigate the technical feasibility of RT–PCR and direct sequencing to quantify HPV DNA in the saliva of patients with Human-Papilloma-Virus related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC), the level of which is known to predict prognosis after treatment. Methods: Nine patients with locally advanced HPV-OPC treated with definitive radiotherapy with chemotherapy or cetuximab, or radiotherapy alone between April 2016 and September 2017, were enrolled, two of whom also received induction chemotherapy. Saliva was collected before (baseline), during (mid-RT) and after (post-RT) radiotherapy. HPV-16 DNAs (E6 and E7) in saliva were quantified by RT–PCR and sequencing, the latter using a custom cancer panel. Correlations between HPV DNA levels and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results: Compared to the baseline, the relative cycle threshold (Ct) value of E6 and E7 reduced at the point of mid-RT in the majority of the patients (100% and 75% for E6 and E7, respectively). Similarly, the relative Ct value from the baseline to post-RT reduced in 86% and 100% of the patients for E6 and E7, respectively. During the follow-up period, three patients (33%) experienced disease progression. The relative baseline Ct values of these three patients were in the top 4 of all the patients. The sequences of HPV DNA were detected in five (83%) of six samples of the baseline saliva that underwent DNA sequencing, along with several gene mutations, such as TP53,CDKN2A and PIK3CA. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that, in addition to detection and quantification of HPV DNA by RT–PCR, detection by sequencing of HPV-DNA using a customized cancer panel is technically possible.