bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oil-Based Nanofluid on a Stretching Surface with Variable Suction and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Etwire Christian John , Seini Ibrahim Yakubu , Musah Rabiu
Published: August 2017

The combined effect of suction and thermal conductivity on the boundary layer flow of oil–based nanofluid over a porous stretching surface has been investigated. Similarity techniques were employed in transforming the governing partial differential equations into a coupled third order ordinary differential equations. The higher third order ordinary differential equations were then reduced into a system of first order ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting method. The results were presented in tabular and graphically forms for various controlling parameters. It was found that increasing the thermal conductivities of the base fluid (oil) and nanoparticle size (CuO) of the nanofluid did not affect the velocity boundary layer thickness but depreciates with suction and permeability. The suction parameter and thermal conductivity of the base fluid also made the thermal boundary layer thinner.
Musical Training Enhances Neural Processing of Comodulation Masking Release in the Auditory Brainstem
Authors: Rostami Soheila , Moossavi Abdollah
Published: August 2017

Musical training strengthens segregation the target signal from background noise. Musicians have enhanced stream segregation, which can be considered a process similar to comodulation masking release. In the current study, we surveyed psychoacoustical comodulation masking release in musicians and non-musicians. We then recorded the brainstem responses to complex stimuli in comodulated and unmodulated maskers to investigate the effect of musical training on the neural representation of comodulation masking release for the first time. The musicians showed significantly greater amplitudes and earlier brainstem response timing for stimulus in the presence of comodulated maskers than nonmusicians. In agreement with the results of psychoacoustical experiment, musicians showed greater comodulation masking release than non-musicians. These results reveal a physiological explanation for behavioral enhancement of comodulation masking release and stream segregation in musicians.
The vision of ‘Dry Bones’ in Ezekiel 37:1–28: Resonating Ezekiel’s message as the African prophet of hope
Authors: Biwul Joel K.T.
Published: August 2017

Against the background of a disenfranchised and hopeless exilic Israel, Ezekiel received the vision of ‘Dry Bones’, predicting an eschatological resuscitation and resurrection to life and restoration to the land of Yahweh’s covenant people. This article previews the political, social, economic and moral conditions of many African societies as being in a disenfranchised, hopeless exilic state. It nonetheless argues that the theological essence of Ezekiel’s visionary imagery of ‘Dry Bones’ resonates well with such deteriorating and hopeless African societies. It envisages the semblances, relatedness and relevance of Ezekiel’s hope principle of a restorative eschatological theology as a possible reality for Africa’s hopeless present ‘Dry Bones’ state. Upon this hope principle, the article proposes a theological framework of faith against despondency and despair for the realisation of such eschatological reality for Africa. It holds that God is equally capable of displaying his restorative power and sovereignty to reverse the hopeless conditions of African nations in demonstration of his love, compassion and care as he did for the apparently irreparable condition of exilic Israel.
’n Verkenning van Suid-Afrika se veranderende posisie in die wêreldhandelnetwerk 1948–1994
Authors: Senekal Burgert A.
Published: August 2017

An exploration of South Africa’s changing position in the World Trade Network 1948–1994. The World Trade Network (WTN) has been studied as a network in numerous studies. However, countries with smaller economies are usually neglected in discussions of the WTN, and hence this article investigates the changing position of a much smaller country, South Africa, under different leaders from 1948 to 1994. It is shown, in particular, how the widespread sanctions incurred under the leadership of P.W. Botha (1978–1989) had a profound effect on South Africa’s position in the WTN. Using degree, closeness and betweenness centralities, as well as the country’s rankings on these centrality measures, it is shown that South Africa started as a peripheral country while still a colony of Britain, moved closer to the core of the WTN under H.F. Verwoerd and B.J. Vorster, but then sanctions pushed South Africa to the periphery under P.W. Botha, before South Africa again moved closer to the core during F.W. de Klerk’s presidency.Die Wêreldhandelnetwerk is in verskeie studies as ’n netwerk bestudeer, maar lande met kleiner ekonomieë word gewoonlik in die besprekings van die Wêreldhandelnetwerk verwaarloos. Daarom ondersoek hierdie artikel die veranderende posisie van ’n veel kleiner land, Suid-Afrika, onder verskillende leiers van 1948 tot 1994. Daar word veral gewys hoe die wydverspreide sanksies wat ingestel is tydens die bewind van P.W. Botha (1978–1989) ’n groot invloed op Suid-Afrika se posisie in die WTN gehad het. Deur middel van graad-, nabyheid- en tussenliggingsentraliteit, sowel as die land se ranglys ten opsigte van hierdie sentraliteitaanduiders, word aangetoon dat Suid-Afrika as ‘n randland begin het, terwyl dit nog ‘n kolonie van Brittanje was, nader aan die kern van die Wêreldhandelnetwerk onder H.F. Verwoerd en B.J. Vorster beweeg het, maar toe het sanksies Suid-Afrika onder P.W. Botha na die periferie gedruk, voordat Suid-Afrika weer tydens die F.W. de Klerk se presidentskap nader aan die kern beweeg het.
'Go in peace – and die!' The task of the church in the HIV and/or AIDS context
Authors: Van Dyk Alta C.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the white Afrikaans-speaking churches in the Reformed tradition are dealing with the health and well-being of its parishioners in the HIV and/or AIDS context. An electronic questionnaire was filled in by 142 clergy from various Afrikaans-speaking churches. Results showed that clergy (90%) believed that HIV and/or AIDS is a much bigger problem outside the Afrikaans-speaking church than inside the church. Although 66% agreed that HIV was also a problem in white Afrikaans-speaking churches, only 30% admitted that it was a problem in their own congregation. Most (70%) believed that HIV and/or AIDS can be ignored in their own congregations. A small number of clergy took it on themselves to provide HIV and/or AIDS counselling (21%), care (19%) and education (18%) with minimum support from church leaders. When it came to HIV and/or AIDS prevention, most clergy were only prepared to preach abstinence and faithfulness, with their main message that ‘our bodies are the temple of God and that it should not be violated’ (70%). Is it not time for clergy to confront reality and to protect their flock by also teaching them prevention skills?Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article is relevant to the fields of pastoral care, psychology and HIV and/or AIDS.
JOSÉ SARAMAGO: UM OLHAR SOBRE A GLOBALIZAÇÃO E A SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Sá Maria Irene da Fonseca e
Published: August 2017

A capacidade de produzir cada vez mais e com mais qualidade está acelerada e, a cada momento, as tecnologias geram novos produtos de consumo. É certo que a globalização propiciada pelo progresso e evolução das tecnologias provoca o aumento da produtividade e o crescimento econômico, mas também pode provocar efeitos não desejados sobre a distribuição de renda da população. Assim, a desigualdade social gerada pela globalização e o deslocamento do poder para quem detém o acesso à informação são desafios atuais e que são discutidos em várias obras de Saramago. Com suas parábolas e fábulas, Saramago encaminha seus leitores para a reflexão sobre o atuar do ser humano num mundo globalizado. A pesquisa teve por objetivo buscar, em algumas das obras de José Saramago, citações que remetam à discussão da globalização na Sociedade da Informação. O trabalho vale-se da pesquisa qualitativa em que são consideradas e analisadas publicações relativas ao tema “globalização”. Saramago, através de seus romances, busca fazer com que seus leitores se questionem e questionem o mundo em que vivem.
Regulation Misunderstanding: Convergence Complexity Providing Failures in Telecommunication Services Costs
Authors: Arruda Filho Emilio Jose Montero
Published: August 2017

This manuscript discusses a theoretical competitive scenario for telecommunications services, in particular voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), and finds that the economic benefits of the current technological convergence are based on three main factors: technological advances and updates; regulation failures related to technological complexity; and consumer inability to exploit the benefits of convergence. This study begins by giving the background to voice communication in the telecommunications sector and the misunderstanding of the competitive boundaries between technologies, service providers, and usage applications generated in an unregulated sector. Second, the kinds of regulation that organizes the development and pricing of integrated or bundled services are briefly discussed and presented. Third, theoretical analysis of the competitive environment is interpreted in terms of the three factors: technological advances, regulation failure, and consumer knowledge of convergence. Results derived from these factors are presented in the context of VoIP services. Finally, the work concludes by outlining the implications for regulatory reform and the impact on competitive behavior, and describes possibilities for the future management of the technology sector.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient air in an oxidation flow reactor in central Amazonia
Authors: Palm Brett B. , de Sá Suzane S. , Day Douglas A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Hu Weiwei , Seco Roger , Sjostedt Steven J. , Park Jeong-Hoo , Guenther Alex B. , Kim Saewung , Brito Joel , Wurm Florian , Artaxo Paulo , Thalman Ryan , Wang Jian , Yee Lindsay D. , Wernis Rebecca , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Goldstein Allen H. , Liu Yingjun , Springston Stephen R. , Souza Rodrigo , Newburn Matt K. , Alexander M. Lizabeth , Martin Scot T. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from ambient air was studied using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) coupled to an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) during both the wet and dry seasons at the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field campaign. Measurements were made at two sites downwind of the city of Manaus, Brazil. Ambient air was oxidized in the OFR using variable concentrations of either OH or O3, over ranges from hours to days (O3) or weeks (OH) of equivalent atmospheric aging. The amount of SOA formed in the OFR ranged from 0 to as much as 10 μg m−3, depending on the amount of SOA precursor gases in ambient air. Typically, more SOA was formed during nighttime than daytime, and more from OH than from O3 oxidation. SOA yields of individual organic precursors under OFR conditions were measured by standard addition into ambient air, and confirmed to be consistent with published environmental chamber-derived SOA yields. Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol (OA) after OH oxidation showed formation of typical oxidized OA factors and a loss of primary OA factors as OH aging increased. After OH oxidation in the OFR, the hygroscopicity of the OA increased with increasing elemental O : C up to O : C ~ 1.0, and then decreased as O : C increased further. Possible reasons for this decrease are discussed. The measured SOA formation was compared to the amount predicted from the concentrations of measured ambient SOA precursors and their SOA yields. While measured ambient precursors were sufficient to explain the amount of SOA formed from O3, they could only explain 10–50 % of the SOA formed from OH. This is consistent with previous OFR studies which showed that typically unmeasured semivolatile and intermediate volatility gases (that tend to lack C = C bonds) are present in ambient air and can explain such additional SOA formation. To investigate the sources of the unmeasured SOA-forming gases during this campaign, multilinear regression analysis was performed between measured SOA formation and the concentration of gas-phase tracers representing different precursor sources. The majority of SOA-forming gases present during both seasons were of biogenic origin. Urban sources also contributed substantially in both seasons, while biomass burning sources were more important during the dry season. This study enables a better understanding of SOA formation in environments with diverse emission sources.
Hotplate Precipitation Gauge Calibrations and Field Measurements
Authors: Zelasko Nicholas , Wettlaufer Adam , Borkhuu Bujidmaa , Burkhart Matthew , Campbell Leah S. , Steenburgh W. James , Snider Jefferson R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. First introduced in 2003, approximately 70 Yankee Environmental Systems (YES) hotplate precipitation gauges have been purchased by researchers and operational meteorologists. A version of the YES hotplate is described in Rasmussen et al. (2011; R11). Presented here is indoor- and field-based testing of a newer version of the hotplate; this device is equipped with longwave and shortwave radiation sensors. Hotplate surface temperature, coefficients describing natural and forced convective sensible energy transfer, and radiative properties (longwave emissivity and shortwave reflectance) are reported for two of the new-version YES hotplates. These parameters are applied in a new algorithm and used to derive liquid-equivalent accumulations for snowfall and rainfall. These accumulations are compared to values derived by the internal algorithm used in the YES hotplates (hotplate-derived accumulations) and to weighing gauge accumulations. In contrast with R11, the new algorithm accounts for radiative terms in a hotplate’s energy budget, applies an energy conversion factor which does not differ from a theoretical energy conversion factor, and applies a surface area that is correct for the YES hotplate. Radiative effects are shown to be relatively unimportant for the precipitation events analyzed. In addition, this work documents a 10 % difference between the hotplate-derived and new-algorithm-derived accumulations. This difference seems consistent with R11’s application of a hotplate surface area that deviates from the actual surface area of the YES hotplate and with R11’s recommendation for an energy conversion factor that differs from that calculated using thermodynamic theory.
Satellite remote sensing reveals a positive impact of living oyster reefs on microalgal biofilm development
Authors: Echappé Caroline , Gernez Pierre , Méléder Vona , Jesus Bruno , Cognie Bruno , Decottignies Priscilla , Sabbe Koen , Barillé Laurent
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Satellite remote sensing (RS) is routinely used for the large-scale monitoring of microphytobenthos (MPB) biomass in intertidal mudflats, and has greatly improved our knowledge of MPB spatio-temporal variability and its potential drivers. Processes operating at smaller scales however, such as the impact of benthic macrofauna on MPB development, to date remain underinvestigated. In this study, we analysed the influence of wild Crassostrea gigas oyster reefs on MPB biofilm development using multispectral RS. A 30-year time series (1985–2015) combining high resolution (30 m) Landsat and SPOT data was built in order to explore the relationship between C. gigas reefs and MPB spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics, using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Emphasis was placed on the analysis of a before after control impact (BACI) experiment designed to assess the effect of oyster killing on the surrounding MPB biofilms. Our RS data reveal that the presence of oyster reefs positively affects MPB biofilm development. Analysis of the historical time series first showed the presence of persistent, highly concentrated MPB patches around oyster reefs. This observation was then confirmed by the BACI experiment which showed that killing the oysters (while leaving the physical reef structure, i.e. oyster shells, intact) negatively affected both MPB biofilm biomass and spatial stability around the reef. As such, our results are consistent with the hypothesis of nutrient input as an explanation for the MPB growth promoting effect of oysters, whereby organic and inorganic matter released through oyster excretion and biodeposition stimulates MPB biomass accumulation. MPB also showed marked seasonal variations in biomass and patch shape, size and degree of aggregation around the oyster reefs. Seasonal variations in biomass, with higher NDVI during spring and fall, were consistent with those observed at broader scales in other European mudflats. Our study provides the first multi-sensor RS satellite evidence of the promoting and structuring effect of oyster reefs on MPB biofilms.
Palaeoclimate significance of speleothems in crystalline rocks: a test case from the Lateglacial and Early Holocene (Vinschgau, northern Italy)
Authors: Koltai Gabriella , Cheng Hai , Spötl Christoph
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Coeval flowstones formed in fractured gneiss and schist were studied to test the palaeoclimate significance of this new type of speleothem archive on a decadal to millennial timescale. The samples encompass a few hundred to a few thousand years of the Lateglacial and the Early Holocene. The speleothem fabric is primarily comprised of columnar fascicular optic calcite and acicular aragonite, both being indicative of elevated Mg / Ca ratios in the groundwater. Stable isotopes suggest that aragonite is more prone to kinetic isotope fractionation driven by evaporation and prior calcite/aragonite precipitation than calcite. Changes in mineralogy are also attributed to these two aquifer-internal processes rather than to palaeoclimate. Flowstones formed in the same fracture show similar δ18O changes on centennial scales, which broadly correspond to regional lacustrine δ18O records (e.g. Mondsee), suggesting that such speleothems may provide an opportunity to investigate past climate conditions in non-karstic areas. The shortness of overlapping periods in flowstone growth and the complexity of in-aquifer processes, however, render the establishment of a robust stacked δ18O record challenging.
ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL GRADE UNMANNED SYSTEMS FOR HIGH PRECISION AIRBORNE MAPPING
Authors: Mostafa M.M. R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Recently, sophisticated multi-sensor systems have been implemented on-board modern Unmanned Aerial Systems. This allows for producing a variety of mapping products for different mapping applications. The resulting accuracies match the traditional well engineered manned systems. This paper presents the results of a geometric accuracy assessment project for unmanned systems equipped with multi-sensor systems for direct georeferencing purposes. There are a number of parameters that either individually or collectively affect the quality and accuracy of a final airborne mapping product. This paper focuses on identifying and explaining these parameters and their mutual interaction and correlation. Accuracy Assessment of the final ground object positioning accuracy is presented through real-world 8 flight missions that were flown in Quebec, Canada. The achievable precision of map production is addressed in some detail.
BRIDGE CRACK DETECTION USING MULTI-ROTARY UAV AND OBJECT-BASE IMAGE ANALYSIS
Authors: Rau J. Y. , Hsiao K. W. , Jhan J. P. , Wang S. H. , Fang W. C. , Wang J. L.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Bridge is an important infrastructure for human life. Thus, the bridge safety monitoring and maintaining is an important issue to the government. Conventionally, bridge inspection were conducted by human in-situ visual examination. This procedure sometimes require under bridge inspection vehicle or climbing under the bridge personally. Thus, its cost and risk is high as well as labor intensive and time consuming. Particularly, its documentation procedure is subjective without 3D spatial information. In order cope with these challenges, this paper propose the use of a multi-rotary UAV that equipped with a SONY A7r2 high resolution digital camera, 50 mm fixed focus length lens, 135 degrees up-down rotating gimbal. The target bridge contains three spans with a total of 60 meters long, 20 meters width and 8 meters height above the water level. In the end, we took about 10,000 images, but some of them were acquired by hand held method taken on the ground using a pole with 2–8 meters long. Those images were processed by Agisoft PhotoscanPro to obtain exterior and interior orientation parameters. A local coordinate system was defined by using 12 ground control points measured by a total station. After triangulation and camera self-calibration, the RMS of control points is less than 3 cm. A 3D CAD model that describe the bridge surface geometry was manually measured by PhotoscanPro. They were composed of planar polygons and will be used for searching related UAV images. Additionally, a photorealistic 3D model can be produced for 3D visualization. In order to detect cracks on the bridge surface, we utilize object-based image analysis (OBIA) technique to segment the image into objects. Later, we derive several object features, such as density, area/bounding box ratio, length/width ratio, length, etc. Then, we can setup a classification rule set to distinguish cracks. Further, we apply semi-global-matching (SGM) to obtain 3D crack information and based on image scale we can calculate the width of a crack object. For spalling volume calculation, we also apply SGM to obtain dense surface geometry. Assuming the background is a planar surface, we can fit a planar function and convert the surface geometry into a DSM. Thus, for spalling area its height will be lower than the plane and its value will be negative. We can thus apply several image processing technique to segment the spalling area and calculate the spalling volume as well. For bridge inspection and UAV image management within a laboratory, we develop a graphic user interface. The major functions include crack auto-detection using OBIA, crack editing, i.e. delete and add cracks, crack attributing, 3D crack visualization, spalling area/volume calculation, bridge defects documentation, etc.
Active fault databases: building a bridge between earthquake geologists and seismic hazard practitioners, the case of the QAFI v.3 database
Authors: García-Mayordomo Julián , Martín-Banda Raquel , Insua-Arévalo Juan M. , Álvarez-Gómez José A. , Martínez-Díaz José J. , Cabral João
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Active fault databases are a very powerful and useful tool in seismic hazard assessment, particularly when singular faults are considered seismogenic sources. Active fault databases are also a very relevant source of information for earth scientists, earthquake engineers and even teachers or journalists. Hence, active fault databases should be updated and thoroughly reviewed on a regular basis in order to keep a standard quality and uniformed criteria. Desirably, active fault databases should somehow indicate the quality of the geological data and, particularly, the reliability attributed to crucial fault-seismic parameters, such as maximum magnitude and recurrence interval. In this paper we explain how we tackled these issues during the process of updating and reviewing the Quaternary Active Fault Database of Iberia (QAFI) to its current version 3. We devote particular attention to describing the scheme devised for classifying the quality and representativeness of the geological evidence of Quaternary activity and the accuracy of the slip rate estimation in the database. Subsequently, we use this information as input for a straightforward rating of the level of reliability of maximum magnitude and recurrence interval fault seismic parameters. We conclude that QAFI v.3 is a much better database than version 2 either for proper use in seismic hazard applications or as an informative source for non-specialized users. However, we already envision new improvements for a future update.
PEDAGOGIAS EM MOVIMENTO: RUMOS MEHI PARA A EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR KRAHÔ
Authors: Xicun Secundo Tôhtôt , Põcuhtõ Taís , Têrkwỳj Juliana , Tupẽn Leonardo , Kõnry Ovídio , Pêphà Ariel , Côhtàt André , Herbetta Alexandre Hartãt , Leal Francy Eide , Paraty Edvaldo , Hữhtê Gregório , Jãxy Robertos Carlos
Published: August 2017

RESUMOO texto a seguir busca sistematizar uma série nova de categorias que sereferem à educação escolar indígena e, mais especificamente, à escolaKrahô. Desta forma, busca-se pensar a escola Mehi (Krahô) por meiode uma nova base epistêmica, elaborada a partir do diálogo intercultural estabelecido entre populações indígenas e não indígenas no NTFSI - Núcleo  Takinahaky de Formação Superior indígena, na UFG – Universidade Federal de Goiás. Tal base fica clara nas novas práticas pedagógicas e de gestão consolidadas nas escolas indígenas em referência, especialmente na Escola Indígena 19 de Abril, da aldeia Manoel Alves Pequeno e na Escola Indígena Toro Hacrõ, da aldeia Pedra Branca.Palavras-chave: Escola. Pedagogia. Interculturalidade.
Aparelhos intraorais e sua eficácia no tratamento de pacientes com ronco primário e com síndrome da apneia e hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS): uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Bastos Poliana Lima , De Oliveira Millena Teles Portela , Ottoboni Guilherme Salles , Pontes Morgana Rocha , Caram Jorge Machado
Published: August 2017

A apneia do sono e o ronco primário são vinculados ao estreitamento ou obstrução das vias aéreas superiores. Entre as variadas modalidades de tratamento, estão os aparelhos intraorais que atuam controlando o colapso e a interrupção da passagem de ar. Objetivo: avaliar a evidência científica disponível sobre a eficácia dos aparelhos intraorais no tratamento do ronco primário e da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono leve, moderada e grave. Revisão de Literatura: utilizou-se a estratégia de pesquisa eletrônica com palavras-chave e critério predefinido incluindo trabalhos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Foi também utilizada a avaliação qualitativa da metodologia dos artigos. Embora um significativo número de estudos tenha analisado o assunto, apenas nove artigos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e com a avaliação metodológica da elaboração do artigo. Considerações Finais: os diversos tipos de aparelhos intraorais parecem ser eficazes no controle do ronco primário e da SAOS leve e moderada, possibilitando redução dos efeitos secundários.
A eficácia da solução de EDTA na remoção de smear layer e sua relação com o tempo de uso: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Mafra Shelly Coura , Girelli Caroline Felipe M. , G. Xavier Viviane Ferreira , Lacerda Mariane Floriano Lopes , Lacerda Gabriel Pinheiro , Coelho Renato Girelli
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar qual o tempo de aplicação mais frequentemente utilizado do EDTA para remoção eficaz da smear layer no interior dos canais radiculares e quais os fatores que podem influenciar na ação do EDTA. Metodologia:

foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, utilizando-se as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed e Science Direct com os seguintes descritores: EDTA, irrigação final (final rinse), camada de esfregaço (smear layer), tempo de irrigação (time of irrigation), descacificação

(decalcification) e microdureza (microhardness). Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados na íntegra, no idioma Inglês e Português, durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2017. Resultados: após análise baseada nos critérios de inclusão, leitura dos resumos disponíveis e avaliação sobre o questionamento elaborado, foram identificadas no Scielo um total de 507 referências bibliográficas, as quais, três foram selecionadas. Já no Lilacs foram identificados 35 artigos, sendo considerados dois. No PubMed foram identificadas 450 referências, sendo considerada apenas uma. Foram encontrados 282 artigos na Science Direct, sendo selecionados 24. Desta forma, 30 artigos fizeram

parte da presente revisão. Conclusão: com base na literatura estudada, verificou-se que e o tempo de uso do EDTA interferiu diretamente na qualidade da remoção da smear layer. Além disso, verificou-se que o EDTA a 17% utilizado por um período de um minuto foi ideal para a remoção da smear layer, enquanto que a aplicação de EDTA no tempo superior a sete minutos provocou erosão da dentina peritubular.
Resistência à microtração de resinas compostas com diferentes viscosidades
Authors: Cadorim Facenda Júlia , Sassett Donati Andra Eduarda , Taufer Cristiano , Do Amaral Roberto César
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: avaliar a resistência à microtração de resinas compostas com diferentes viscosidades. Materiais e Método: foram confeccionados 40 corpos de prova (CPs) em forma de ampulheta (3 x 2 x 2 mm), sendo 10 para cada grupo testado (n=10): G1: compósito fluído de incremento único SDR (Dentsply, EUA); G2: compósito micro-híbrido fluído Opallis Flow (FGM, Brasil); G3: compósito micro-híbrido Esthet-X (Dentsply, EUA); G4: compósito micro-híbrido condensável Filtek P-60 (3M ESPE, EUA). Os CPs foram fotoativados conforme o tempo preconizado pelos fabricantes. A área de secção transversal de cada CP foi mensurada com um paquímetro digital e eles foram submetidos ao teste de microtração

em uma máquina de ensaios universal com velocidade de 1 mm/min. A resistência à microtração foi analisada por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Resultados: as médias (MPa) foram: G1: 39,83; G2: 26,0; G3: 37,51; G4: 32,16. G1, G3 e G4 obtiveram médias estatisticamente semelhantes e superiores a G2. Conclusões: pode-se constatar que o compósito fluído SDR, de incremento único, demonstrou um desempenho

similar de resistência à microtração em comparação aos compósitos micro-híbridos convencionais e superior ao compósito fluído tradicional.
Contextualização e práticas criativas na agricultura ecológica de Ipê e Antônio Prado/RS: o biofertilizante Super Magro como objeto epistêmico
Authors: Oliveira Daniela , Schneider Sergio , Marques Flávia Charão
Published: August 2017

Este artigo analisa o processo de produção de conhecimentos e inovações em agricultura ecológica. Trata especificamente do caso do biofertilizante Super Magro, insumo desenvolvido por técnicos e agricultores ecologistas dos municípios de Ipê e Antônio Prado/RS. Para a análise, apresentamos um quadro teórico que explora: (a) o papel da prática agrícola como lócus e objeto (epistêmico) de produção de novos conhecimentos e inovações; (b) o modelo de aprendizagem e acumulação de conhecimento contextual. As informações analisadas foram coletadas através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e de observação participante junto a técnicos e agricultores ecologistas, durante o ano de 2012. Pode-se afirmar que o processo de desenvolvimento do Super Magro deu-se a partir da prática cotidiana e da reflexão criativa de técnicos e agricultores envolvidos no desenvolvimento de uma agricultura ecológica. O processo tem início com a internalização de conhecimentos teóricos, em especial a Teoria da Trofobiose, e de algumas práticas já testadas em outras experiências de produção orgânica. E em seguida, com a contextualização, ou reconfiguração, destes aos conhecimentos e práticas dos agricultores e às necessidades dos cultivos existentes, em especial o cultivo da maçã. O fato dos agricultores ecologistas de Ipê e Antônio Prado fazerem parte de associações e de um núcleo da Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia, foi fundamental para a ativação de um intenso processo de socialização do biofertilizante Super Magro entre as famílias de agricultores ecologistas da região. Rompendo com as fronteiras locais, e diante de novas especificidades ambientais e sociais, novas reconfigurações ocorreram e novas formulações de biofertilizantes foram, e continuam sendo, propostas em diversos locais do Brasil. Pode-se concluir que, apesar da importância que este insumo possui na produção agroecológica e orgânica no Brasil, ele foi desenvolvido exclusivamente através de processos informais de produção de conhecimentos e inovações sem a participação de instituições públicas de P&D (pesquisa e desenvolvimento).
Corporate Governance, Ownership Structure and Stock Market Liquidity in Saudi Arabia: A Conceptual Research Framework
Authors: Alsahlawi Abdulaziz Mohammed , Ammer Mohammed Abdullah
Published: August 2017

This paper aimed to provide a review of the literature concerning the effects of corporate governance and ownership structure on the devices of market microstructure. It provided a clear overview of empirical archival studies in literature regarding the way corporate governance and ownership structure mechanisms influence market liquidity, with focusing on the Saudi institutional setting. It aimed to pinpoint the differences and similarities in empirical outcomes of studies and determine the areas that call for further exploration. On the basis of the thorough review of literature and the theoretical basis, our study proposed a conceptual research framework. The framework is based on the premise that effective corporate governance can lead to enhanced disclosure quality, which in turn, lead to mitigating the information asymmetry and ultimately, enhanced market liquidity. Although theoretical studies argued the presence of the relationship between corporate governance, ownership and liquidity, we find that outcomes from empirical studies are still mixed. Majority of extant studies, with majority in the context of the U.S. firms, provide ambiguous results, making it challenging to reconcile the differences among them. Our paper provides important guidance for both new and experienced researchers, and it has implications for stock exchange authorities in terms of adopting effective regulatory policies and efficient trading systems to tackle information asymmetry.
Sleep Practices of University Students Living in Residence
Authors: Qin Pei , Brown Cary A
Published: August 2017

Sleep plays an important role in both students’ academic and personal life. Despite widespread sleep problems among young adults, few studies focus on higher education students living in campus residence. This study investigated residence-living students’ sleep patterns, sleep promoting practices, sources of help seeking, and preferred ways to receive information. Results highlighted that 66.8% of the participants did not think they had enough sleep. However, only 18.9% of the students sought help. The campus residence sleep environment was challenging for many students. Problems such as uncomfortable room temperature and noise were frequently identified. Students used different strategies to promote sleep such as opening the window, reading books, listening to music, and alcohol. Efficient knowledge translation activities to facilitate the understanding of sleep physiology and sleep problem solving are needed at both the student and the organizational planning/administration level. Further studies focusing specifically on sleep environment scans and developing guidelines are recommended.
The Psychological Effect of Political and Social Injustice on the Individual in William Godwin’s Caleb Williams
Authors: Mohammad Sumaya M. Alhaj
Published: August 2017

This study aims at exploring William Godwin’s Things as They Are; or The Adventures of Caleb Williams (1794) as a social and political novel that sheds light on the psychology of the eighteenth-century English individual. It discusses the dangers of injustice and proves that bad laws can be destructive in the sense that they cause people to live unstably as they suffer from psychological disorders, such as paranoia. The study refers to some political and social facts of the eighteenth-century, to contextualize the suffering of the individual. It emphasizes that the manipulation of laws creates an unbalanced social life; and thus, it leads to psychological instability. The study, then, connects Foucault’s ideas of surveillance to reveal how tyranny is evil for both the dominant and the dominated who live miserably. This dichotomy is investigated in the study mainly through the characters of Falkland, the murderer and Caleb Williams, the protagonist who searches for the truth.
Application of Multimodality to Teaching Reading
Authors: Bao Xiaoli
Published: August 2017

To improve students’ reading ability is one of the fundamental requirements for English teaching for English majors. However, some English majors are not interested in reading English and lack motivation to learn it. Even teachers may lose enthusiasm to teach them English. As a result, teaching English reading is inefficient.Application of multimodality in teaching English has attracted many researchers’ attention; the author applies multimodality to teaching English reading and attempts to answer the following question: Is the application of multimodality to teaching English reading effective?An experiment is carried out in two parallel classes for a whole term. In the experimental class, multimodality is applied in teaching reading and teaching procedures are all designed according to the theory of elements of designing multimodality while in the control class, ordinary multimedia teaching is applied. The data of pre-test, reading quizzes, a post-test are analyzed by SPSS 16.0. The research finds out that on the one hand, the application of multimodality in teaching reading is indeed effective. On the other hand, multimodal teaching is more popular among English majors for it can help activate classroom atmosphere, inspire students’ motivation to read after class and build up their confidence in learn English, especially English reading. The author also provides the suggestions for English teaching based on the research findings.
On Arthur Dimmesdale’s Double Personalities as Revealed in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter
Authors: Chen Yanchun
Published: August 2017

This paper focuses on the analysis of the double personalities of Arthur Dimmesdale, a protagonist in The Scarlet Letter. Firstly, it briefly introduces the fame of Nathaniel Hawthorne in American literature and the content of The Scarlet Letter. Then, it mainly analyzes Arthur Dimmesdale’s double personalities. After that, it studies the factors in shaping Arthur Dimmesdale’s double personalities. The paper aims to help people better understand such a hypocritical person and a corrupt society, making them think of their own personalities. It comes to an end that without a healthy personality, one person absolutely comes to his/her death guiltily, even though he/she is learned.
The Important of Training and its Impact on the Performance of Employees in Banking Sectors (Abu Dhabi – UAE) to Rise Efficiency
Authors: Alomari Burhan Mahmoud AwadAlomari , Awawdeh AlaEldin Mohammad Hasan , Alolayyan Main Naser
Published: August 2017

The study aims at measuring the impact of human resource management practices on creativity and innovation with the presence of competencies as an intermediary variable. The study highlights the importance of human resource management practices for UAE banks and explores the role of human resource management practices in enhancing the creativity and innovation of employees. To achieve this goal, six UAE banks were selected as a study area. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample of 150 respondents. The analytical, descriptive method was used for analysis. Data analysis and testing were carried out using SPSS.Some of the most important outcomes of this study are: Human resource management practices such as compensation and benefits, employment, empowerment and human resources planning have a positive impact on innovation. Compensation, benefits, employment, training and development, also have a positive effect on creativity. Human resource management practices have a positive impact on training. The study recommends that giving the UAE banks the priority of human resource management practices is of great importance in their dimensions according to the scale of human resource management practices that are interested in achieving innovation and creativity for employees within the banks. The further studies are suggested related to human resources management practices and creativity and innovation because of their impact on achieving competitive advantage.
Ideal and Resistive Magnetohydrodynamic Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in the Context of Adaptive Multiresolution Analysis
Authors: Gomes Anna Karina Fontes , Domingues Margarete Oliveira , Mendes Odim
Published: August 2017

This work is concerned with the numerical simulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability using a two-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamics model in the context of adaptive multiresolution approach. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are caused by a velocity shear and normally expected in a layer between two fluids with different velocities. Due to its complexity, this kind of problem is a well-known test for numerical schemes and it is important for the verification of the developed code. The aim of this paper is to compare our solution with the solution of the well known astrophysics FLASH code to verify our code in respect to this reference.
GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. BERG (MYRTACEAE) EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Periotto Fernando , Gualtieri Sonia Cristina Juliano
Published: August 2017

Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg. é uma espécie arbustiva da família Myrtaceae, típica de Cerrado. A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar o desempenho de quatro diferentes substratos em seu desenvolvimento inicial. Desse modo, foram efetuadas a avaliação de emergência das plântulas, a análise de crescimento e a mensuração da massa da matéria seca das mudas. As sementes foram semeadas em células de poliestireno contendo quatro tipos de substratos: vermiculita, fibra de coco, areia fina e mistura fibra de coco/ vermiculita (2:1). As contagens das plântulas emergidas foram realizadas diariamente. As análises estatísticas foram feitas com o auxílio do software Action, através do teste de Tukey. Testou-se ainda a normalidade e homocedasticidade dos dados. O substrato fibra de coco/vermiculita (2:1) propiciou melhores resultados nas avaliações de emergência. A incorporação de matéria seca foi prejudicada pelos substratos fibra de coco e areia. Na análise de crescimento, fibra de coco/vermiculita (2:1) permitiu desenvolvimento de plântulas maiores e mais vigorosas. Conclui-se que dentre os substratos testados, o mais adequado para a emergência de sementes, bem como para o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de Campomanesia pubescens é o composto por fibra de coco/vermiculita (2:1).
EFEITO DA COR DE ARMADILHAS ADESIVAS PARA MONITORAMENTO DE Thaumastocoris peregrinus CARPINTERO & DELLAPÉ (HEMIPTERA: THAUMASTOCORIDAE) NO CAMPO
Authors: Smaniotto Márcia Aparecida , Cunha Uemerson Silva da , Finkenauer Elder , Garcia Mauro Silveira
Published: August 2017

O percevejo-bronzeado-do-eucalipto Thaumastocoris peregrinus é originário da Austrália e foi detectado no Brasil em 2008, causando danos em plantações de eucalipto. O percevejo suga a seiva, principalmente das folhas mais velhas, onde se formam pontos cloróticos que, posteriormente, tornam-se manchas bronzeadas. Em casos extremos pode ocorrer desfolhação. Os trabalhos sobre o monitoramento do inseto ainda são escassos perante os registros de danos em plantações de eucalipto. Diante disso, com o uso de diferentes cores de armadilhas adesivas, buscou-se determinar qual seria a melhor coloração para uso no monitoramento de Thaumastocoris peregrinus em plantios de eucalipto. As armadilhas de cor branca e amarela são eficientes para monitoramento de infestações no campo e devem ser instaladas próximo à copa das plantas e na borda dos talhões.
Humanizing Translation History
Authors: Pym Anthony
Published: August 2017

The structuralist principles of systems-based Translation Studies tend to conceal the social roles played by translators in mediating between cultures. Attention to slightly alternative principles might be able to initiate a progressive humanization of Translation Studies, possibly alerting scholars to phenomena previously overlooked. Two such principles are illustrated here on the basis of Hispanic translation history. First, if attention is paid to translators and only then to the texts they produce, the subjectivities thus revealed tend to display multidiscursive involvement (translators usually do more than translate), complex cultural allegiances (they are not always faithful or loyal to one side), and physical mobility (they tend not to not stay in just one place). The second idea is that translators can be seen as operating in professional intercultures, where their membership tends to be based on purely professional criteria (not birthright), they may adopt secondary positions with respect to cross-cultural communication (they tend not to initiate negotiations), and their institutions are often particularly transitory (based on contact-renewed networks rather than sovereign space). The application and exploration of these principles might ideally move Translation Studies toward the wider questions of Intercultural Studies.
Specialised Lexicography for Learners: Specific Proposals for the Construction of Pedagogically-oriented Printed Business Dictionaries
Authors: Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A.
Published: August 2017

The function theory of lexicography argues that specialised lexicographical products must help learners to transform their information needs into aspects of knowledge of the discipline, and of its discursive properties. Lexicographers, then, must combine information and data access with the user’s need for information and knowledge. To achieve this aim they need to devise theories providing solutions to different lexicographical problems. One such theory has recently been proposed by Tarp (2008), who claims that there are four categories which are central to a general theory of learner’s lexicography: users, user situation, user needs, and dictionary assistance. This paper focuses on dictionary assistance and addresses several lexicographical issues connected with polysemy: the selection of the lemmata of some printed English-Spanish/Spanish-English business dictionaries, their entry structures, sense differentiation, and sense ordering. The analysis leads the author to discuss some proposals with the aim of making business dictionaries more pedagogically oriented, and to include a set of principles pedagogically-oriented business dictionaries must have. They are illustrated in a model entry which has been compiled by rearranging one of the entries studied according to the proposals and principles previously discussed.
Uncertainty in the Cognitive Processing of a Legal Scenario: A Process Study of Student Translators
Authors: Hjort-Pedersen Mette , Faber Dorrit
Published: August 2017

This article describes a process oriented case study of student translators’ translation of a legal text from Danish into English. Generally, when students are asked to translate a complex legal text their reaction to some degree demonstrates lack of conﬁ dence in their ability to perform successfully both as students and after graduation. On the basis of a think-aloud experiment involving four groups of students we focus on how they handle uncertainty in the translation process, and explore whether it is possible to point to factors that are likely to make students go about the task of legal translation with more conﬁdence. Two parameters are focused on: the students’ access to tentative translation equivalents both at the syntactic and lexical levels and the nature of reﬂection or argumentation performed to support their ﬁnal choices. The ultimate purpose of this study is pedagogical in that we hope to be able to point to focusing points that will help students in their learning process.