bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the Universe with Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Bhandari Shivani , Flynn Chris
Published: April 2021

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) represent a novel tool for probing the properties of the universe at cosmological distances. The dispersion measures of FRBs, combined with the redshifts of their host galaxies, has very recently yielded a direct measurement of the baryon content of the universe, and has the potential to directly constrain the location of the “missing baryons”. The first results are consistent with the expectations of ΛCDM for the cosmic density of baryons, and have provided the first constraints on the properties of the very diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) and circumgalactic medium (CGM) around galaxies. FRBs are the only known extragalactic sources that are compact enough to exhibit diffractive scintillation in addition to showing exponential tails which are typical of scattering in turbulent media. This will allow us to probe the turbulent properties of the circumburst medium, the host galaxy ISM/halo, and intervening halos along the path, as well as the IGM. Measurement of the Hubble constant and the dark energy parameter w can be made with FRBs, but require very large samples of localised FRBs (>103) to be effective on their own—they are best combined with other independent surveys to improve the constraints. Ionisation events, such as for He ii, leave a signature in the dispersion measure—redshift relation, and if FRBs exist prior to these times, they can be used to probe the reionisation era, although more than 103 localised FRBs are required.
Variable Density Flows in Rotating Astrophysical Plasma. Linear Waves and Resonant Phenomena
Authors: Fedotova Maria , Klimachkov Dmitry , Petrosyan Arakel
Published: April 2021

New observational data and modeling of physical processes constantly appear in the young and rapidly developing branch of science of plasma astrophysics. However, there is a lack of theoretical studies in the field of plasma astrophysics, that could unite the physics of various objects in the Universe, explain the observed phenomena and contribute to the improvement of numerical modeling schemes efficiency. This article makes up for this shortcoming by introducing different models, taking into account the various properties of plasma objects. We present a review of the latest magnetohydrodynamic theories of wave processes in rotating astrophysical plasma, taking into account important and common properties of astrophysical objects as compressibility and stratification.
Updated and Validated Pan-Coronavirus PCR Assay to Detect All Coronavirus Genera
Authors: Holbrook Myndi G. , Anthony Simon J. , Navarrete-Macias Isamara , Bestebroer Theo , Munster Vincent J. , van Doremalen Neeltje
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus (CoV) spillover events from wildlife reservoirs can result in mild to severe human respiratory illness. These spillover events underlie the importance of detecting known and novel CoVs circulating in reservoir host species and determining CoV prevalence and distribution, allowing improved prediction of spillover events or where a human–reservoir interface should be closely monitored. To increase the likelihood of detecting all circulating genera and strains, we have modified primers published by Watanabe et al. in 2010 to generate a semi-nested pan-CoV PCR assay. Representatives from the four coronavirus genera (α-CoVs, β-CoVs, γ-CoVs and δ-CoVs) were tested and all of the in-house CoVs were detected using this assay. After comparing both assays, we found that the updated assay reliably detected viruses in all genera of CoVs with high sensitivity, whereas the sensitivity of the original assay was lower. Our updated PCR assay is an important tool to detect, monitor and track CoVs to enhance viral surveillance in reservoir hosts.
Mutated Measles Virus Matrix and Fusion Protein Influence Viral Titer In Vitro and Neuro-Invasion in Lewis Rat Brain Slice Cultures
Authors: Busch Johannes , Chey Soroth , Sieg Michael , Vahlenkamp Thomas W. , Liebert Uwe G.
Published: April 2021

Measles virus (MV) can cause severe acute diseases as well as long-lasting clinical deteriorations due to viral-induced immunosuppression and neuronal manifestation. How the virus enters the brain and manages to persist in neuronal tissue is not fully understood. Various mutations in the viral genes were found in MV strains isolated from patient brains. In this study, reverse genetics was used to introduce mutations in the fusion, matrix and polymerase genes of MV. The generated virus clones were characterized in cell culture and used to infect rat brain slice cultures. A mutation in the carboxy-terminal domain of the matrix protein (R293Q) promoted the production of progeny virions. This effect was observed in Vero cells irrespective of the expression of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Furthermore, a mutation in the fusion protein (I225M) induced syncytia formation on Vero cells in the absence of SLAM and promoted viral spread throughout the rat brain slices. In this study, a solid ex vivo model was established to elucidate the MV mutations contributing to neural manifestation.
Willingness to Pay for a Hypothetical COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States: A Contingent Valuation Approach
Authors: Catma Serkan , Varol Serkan
Published: April 2021

Our objective was to estimate the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 vaccine and evaluate its predictors in the United States. A double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation with open-ended question technique was implemented based on the responses to a national survey administered during the first week of November 2020. The final sample size was 1285. The results showed that individual WTP values increased with income, whether a household member had any pre-existing condition, and perceived threat of the virus. The vaccine efficacy rate and duration of protection were found to be important factors for the respondents. The mean WTP for a vaccine with a 95 percent efficacy rate and 3-year protection (US$318.76) was approximately 35 percent greater than the vaccine with a 50 percent efficacy rate and 1-year protection (US$236.85). The initial aggregate direct benefit of the current vaccination program was estimated to be between 20 and 35.6 billion US dollars depending on the vaccine protection duration.
BNT162b2 Vaccine Encoding the SARS-CoV-2 P2 S Protects Transgenic hACE2 Mice against COVID-19
Authors: Ji Rui-Ru , Qu Yajin , Zhu Hua , Yang Yumei , Vogel Annette B. , Sahin Ugur , Qin Chuan , Hui Aimin
Published: April 2021

BNT162b2 is a highly efficacious mRNA vaccine approved to prevent COVID-19. This brief report describes the immunogenicity and anti-viral protective effect of BNT162b2 in hACE2 transgenic mice. Prime-boost immunization with BNT162b2 elicited high titers in neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, which correlated with viral clearance and alleviated lung lesions in these mice after viral challenge.
A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Randomized (Phase IIB) Trial of Oral Administration with HPV16 E7-Expressing Lactobacillus, GLBL101c, for the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 (CIN2)
Authors: Ikeda Yuji , Adachi Katsuyuki , Tomio Kensuke , Eguchi-Kojima Satoko , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Uchino-Mori Mayuyo , Taguchi Ayumi , Komatsu Atsushi , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Oda Katsutoshi , Kawana-Tachikawa Ai , Uemura Yukari , Igimi Shizunobu , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki , Kawana Kei
Published: April 2021

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a precursor lesion to cervical cancer, is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV); high-grade CIN lesions (CIN2-3) are precancerous and require treatment. No globally approved therapy is available for CIN2-3 treatment. This study is a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of GLBL101c treatment for CIN2 in 40 patients with HPV16-positive CIN2 who were 1:1 randomized to receive GLBL101c (1 g/daily) or placebo for 5 days at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. No differences were noted between the GLBL101c and placebo groups for patient background and adverse events. Moreover, no statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups at the primary endpoint, pathological regression after 16 weeks of the first oral dose; however, only in the GLBL101c group, two patients had complete regression (CR; regression to normal within 16 weeks). IFNγ production was significantly correlated with the number of spots identified by the interferon gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (IFNγ-ELISPOT) assay using cervical lymphocytes (CxLs) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In the two cases of CR, E7-specific Th1 immune responses were observed at week 16. Therefore, we concluded as a novel Lactobacillus-based vaccine with stronger immunogenicity than GLBL101c should be developed.
HPV Type-Specific Prevalence a Decade after the Implementation of the Vaccination Program: Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Fappani Clara , Bianchi Silvia , Panatto Donatella , Petrelli Fabio , Colzani Daniela , Scuri Stefania , Gori Maria , Amendola Antonella , Grappasonni Iolanda , Tanzi Elisabetta , Amicizia Daniela
Published: April 2021

Human papillomavirus infection is a cause of the development of invasive cervical cancer. Three types of vaccine are currently available to prevent precancerous/cancerous lesions due to persistent infection, which is supported mainly by 7 different high-risk genotypes. The aim of this pilot study was to acquire preliminary data on type-specific prevalence 10 years after the implementation of the HPV vaccination program in Italy, in order to subsequently plan appropriate observational studies in the Italian population. First-voided urine samples were collected from 393 consenting subjects, both females and males, aged 18–40 years, and HPV DNA was detected by PCR amplification of a 450 bp L1 fragment. All amplified products were genotyped by means of the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method. The female population was divided into three cohorts (“vaccine-eligible”, “pre-screening” and “screening” cohorts) according to the preventive intervention scheduled by age; males were included in the same three cohorts according to their year of birth. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 19%, being higher in females than in males (22.1% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.03729). In the female population, 10 years after the start of the national immunization program, we observed a reduction in the prevalence of vaccine types and the number of circulating genotypes, especially in the “vaccine-eligible” cohort. The frequency of HPV vaccine types increased with age, particularly in males in the “pre-screening” and “screening” cohorts. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring HPV infection in both genders, to validate the effect of the HPV vaccination program.
A Whole Virion Vaccine for COVID-19 Produced via a Novel Inactivation Method and Preliminary Demonstration of Efficacy in an Animal Challenge Model
Authors: Ragan Izabela K , Hartson Lindsay M , Dutt Taru S , Obregon-Henao Andres , Maison Rachel M , Gordy Paul , Fox Amy , Karger Burton R , Cross Shaun T , Kapuscinski Marylee L , Cooper Sarah K , Podell Brendan K , Stenglein Mark D , Bowen Richard A , Henao-Tamayo Marcela , Goodrich Raymond P
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated intense interest in the rapid development and evaluation of vaccine candidates for this disease and other emerging diseases. Several novel methods for preparing vaccine candidates are currently undergoing clinical evaluation in response to the urgent need to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In many cases, these methods rely on new approaches for vaccine production and immune stimulation. We report on the use of a novel method (SolaVAX) for production of an inactivated vaccine candidate and the testing of that candidate in a hamster animal model for its ability to prevent infection upon challenge with SARS-CoV-2 virus. The studies employed in this work included an evaluation of the levels of neutralizing antibody produced post-vaccination, levels of specific antibody sub-types to RBD and spike protein that were generated, evaluation of viral shedding post-challenge, flow cytometric and single cell sequencing data on cellular fractions and histopathological evaluation of tissues post-challenge. The results from this preliminary evaluation provide insight into the immunological responses occurring as a result of vaccination with the proposed vaccine candidate and the impact that adjuvant formulations, specifically developed to promote Th1 type immune responses, have on vaccine efficacy and protection against infection following challenge with live SARS-CoV-2. This data may have utility in the development of effective vaccine candidates broadly. Furthermore, the results of this preliminary evaluation suggest that preparation of a whole virion vaccine for COVID-19 using this specific photochemical method may have potential utility in the preparation of one such vaccine candidate.
Enhanced Photo–Fenton Removal Efficiency with Core-Shell Magnetic Resin Catalyst for Textile Dyeing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhong Jie , Yang Bin , Feng Yong , Chen Yang , Wang Li-Gao , You Wen-Dan , Ying Guang-Guo
Published: April 2021

Heterogeneous photo–Fenton reactions have been regarded as important technologies for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewaters. In this work, an efficient core-shell magnetic anion exchange resin (MAER) was prepared through in situ polymerization and used to remove reactive brilliant red (X-3B) in a UV–Fenton system. The MAER exhibited satisfactory removal efficiency for X-3B because of its highly effective catalytic activity. More than 99% of the X-3B (50 mg/L) was removed within 20 min in the UV–Fenton reaction. This is because the uniformly dispersed core-shell magnetic microsphere resin could suppress the aggregation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and, thus, enhance the exposure of Fe reaction sites for catalytic reaction with H2O2. The good adsorption capacity of MAER also played an important role in promoting contact between X-3B and reactive radicals during the reaction. Mechanism research showed that hydroxyl radical (•OH) was the main reactive radicals for the removal of X-3B in the MAER UV–Fenton system. The MAER can be easily separated by a magnet after catalytic reactions. Moreover, the matrix effects of different substrates (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, and humic acid) were investigated. The results showed that SO42− could be beneficial to improve the removal of X-3B but that the others decrease the removal. The MAER UV–Fenton also removed significant amounts of total organic carbon (TOC) for the X-3B solution and an actual textile dyeing industrial wastewater. The heterogeneous oxidation system established in this work may suggest prospects for practical applications in the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater.
Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment: Occurrence, Persistence, Analysis, and Human Exposure
Authors: Ricciardi Maria , Pironti Concetta , Motta Oriana , Miele Ylenia , Proto Antonio , Montano Luigi
Published: April 2021

Microplastics (MP) have recently been considered as emerging contaminants in the water environment. In the last number of years, the number of studies on MP has grown quickly due to the increasing consciousness of the potential risks for human health related to MP exposure. The present review article discusses scientific literature regarding MP occurrence and accumulation on the aquatic compartment (river, lake, wastewater, seafood), the analytical methods used to assess their concentration, their fate and transport to humans, and delineates the urgent areas for future research. To better analogize literature data regarding MP occurrence in the aquatic compartment we subdivided papers based on sampling, analytical methods, and concentration units with the aim to help the reader identify the similarities and differences of the considered research papers, thus making the comparison of literature data easier and the individuation of the most relevant articles for the reader’s interests faster. Furthermore, we argued about several ways for MP transport to humans, highlighting some gaps in analytical methods based on the reviewed publications. We suggest improving studies on developing standardized protocols to collect, process, and analyze samples.
Short-Term Variation and Discharge Mechanism of the Futamata Hot Spring Estimated by Continuous Monitoring Data
Authors: Suzuki Yota , Asanuma Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

Japan has abundant hot spring resources, which, if used appropriately, could contribute to CO2 emission reduction and socioeconomic development. Thus, for the appropriate use of hot spring resources, it is necessary to estimate the detailed discharge mechanism and its surrounding hydraulic characteristics. In our study, a hot spring monitoring device was developed and installed in the Futamata hot spring to evaluate its discharge mechanism. Comparison between the measured values of the monitoring device and the amount of precipitation indicated that this hot spring shows two types of water quality change trends depending on the intensity of precipitation. However, this was a short-term variation that could not be detected by conventional methods. To address this limitation, we created a new discharge mechanism model for the Futamata hot spring based on these observations, which allowed for the continuous observation of hot spring water using a monitoring device and was effective in detecting short-term variations. As such observations contribute to estimating the hydraulic structure around the hot spring, they are important for appropriate use of hot spring resources.
Potential Analysis of E-Scooters for Commuting Paths
Authors: Edel Fabian , Wassmer Simon , Kern Mira
Published: April 2021

The mobility needs of society are constantly increasing, resulting in congested urban areas. New mobility concepts such as e-scooters can help to reduce traffic. In particular, commuting paths, which generally remain within a specific distance, are short and manageable via an intermodal travel chain. In combination with public transport, commuting paths could be beneficial. To evaluate the potential of e-scooters used with commuting paths, a literature research focusing on mobility behavior and characteristics was conducted. In addition, an end-user survey was used to identify the ecological and economical potential for typical work routes. The research results indicate that both the mobility preferences of the users, e.g., acceptance of intermodal travel, and the technical specification of e-scooters, e.g., speed and range, meet the needs of commuting. The assessment of typical work routes shows that the use of e-scooters for the first and last mile, in combination with public transport, is highly beneficial. Furthermore, e-scooters have the potential to provide individual advantages in the areas of travel time and costs. From an ecological perspective, CO2-equivalent emissions may also be reduced for some users depending on the substituted modes.
Imigração na nação espanhola
Authors: Mengibar Ana Caballero
Published: April 2021

A literatura sugere que a Espanha nunca teve uma identidade nacional, mas um amálgama de identidades regionais. O ingresso na União Europeia e a chegada de imigrantes trazem novos desafios à identidade espanhola. Forjar uma identidade nacional implica em construir uma solidariedade baseada em “pertencimento” e excluir determinados grupos que podem constituir uma ameaça. A estas formas contemporâneas de exclusão, alinhadas com a imigração, pode-se chamar formações neo-raciais.
Ministério Da Defesa
Authors: Lima Sued Castro
Published: April 2021

Em 2015, o Ministério da Defesa brasileiro completa 16 anos, o que enseja uma análise sobre o papel que tem representado para o país, seja sob o aspecto político, seja pelo exercício de sua missão precípua, entendida como a promoção da defesa nacional, desenvolvendo um elenco de tarefas voltadas para a garantia de nossa soberania. O presente artigo pretende lançar um olhar crítico sobre os resultados da experiência.
Nacionalidades em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Villafañe Santos Luís Cláudio
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa e compara as trajetórias da construção do sentimento nacional no Brasil e na Argentina. Descreve, em grandes linha, o caminho peculiar percorrido para a construção de uma identidade brasileira, de seus bases ainda não propriamente nacionalistas até a consolidação de uma identidade nacional. Destaca o papel exercido pela região do Prata como polo para alteridade que contribuiu para a construção da identidade brasileira.
Reflexões sobre o parlamento do MERCOSUL
Authors: Ferreira Tajra Jamile Lourdes
Published: April 2021

O Parlamento do MERCOSUL foi criado para ser o órgão de representação dos povos e fomentar a cidadania sul-americana. Após apresentar a trajetória do MERCOSUL, este artigo aborda as características e as atividades do Parlasul entre 2007 e 2014, delineando, ao final, alguns entraves ao seu pleno funcionamento.
Como treinares o teu dragão
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Farias , Hannes Miguel
Published: April 2021

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório sobre a cultura política no Estado russo e a forma como o tradicional patrimonialismo se transforma e adapta às condiçõesda era pós-soviética. Para ilustrar, recorre-se ao caso checheno considerado representativo do complexo padrão de relações entre Moscou e as regiões, no sistema de poder consolidado por Putin desde que assumiu a presidência em 2000.
Atlântico Sul
Authors: Luís Camila Cristina
Published: April 2021

O Atlântico Sul, nos últimos anos, tem crescido em importância no cenário internacional, devido à possibilidade de extração de recursos naturais e aproveitamento de rotas marítimas. Considerando tal contexto, o artigo propõe analisar a presença dos principais atores nesta região, bem como a declaração das Nações Unidas que instituiu uma Zona de Paz e Cooperação no Atlântico Sul, em 1986.
Hegemonic rivalry and civil society in the Gulf of Guinea in the 21st Century
Authors: Kah Henry Kam
Published: April 2021

This paper examined the critical engagement of the major powers in the identification and exploitation of natural and human resources in the strategicallylocated Gulf of Guinea, in Africa. For multifarious reasons, this intervention has produced spheres of hegemonic influence and neo-colonial clashes ofvarious kinds. The war of words and other unorthodox practices initiated by these powers and supported by some African surrogates has unleashed agrowing mobilisation of civil society organisations.
From the Russian Revolution to the Cuban Revolution
Authors: Cushion Steve
Published: April 2021

The Cuban Communist Party was the most significant working-class response to the Russian Revolution in the Caribbean. Recent research shows that organised workers played a decisive role in the outcome of the Cuban Revolution, but if the working class role has been hidden from history, the revolutionary activity of Afro-Cuban workers has been doubly obscured. There is a direct connection that links the Russian Revolution to the Cuban Revolution.
Revolução russa e ação política
Authors: Cunha Paulo Ribeiro da
Published: April 2021

O objetivo dessa reflexão é estabelecer um diálogo com Lênin e sua obra sobre a questão militar na Revolução Russa. Ao examinar essa relação conflituosa, no plano político e teórico, recorremos a uma aproximação com outros autores, sinalizando teses concernentes a uma ação política que evoluiria à esquerda no processo russo tendo em vista uma ação política revolucionária.
História das ideias de um movimento camponês transnacional
Authors: Rosset Peter
Published: April 2021

Analisa-se como observador-participante a evolução do pensamento do movimento social camponês transnacional, a Via Campesina, nos últimos 25 anos, sobre os temas da reforma agrária e da defesa da terra e do território. O mundo rural e a questão agrária mudaram e as mudanças externas aos movimentos, juntamente com seus diálogos de saberes e suas trocas de experiências internas, geraram novas posições, estratégias de luta, consensos e dilemas.
Subalternidade e identidade regional da América Central
Authors: Aguilar Antunes Aleksander
Published: April 2021

A relação centro-periferia que a América Central encarna em sua condição geopolítica não se dá a partir de uma essência, ou de uma posição particular numa trajetória temporal supostamente linear; sua condição subalterna, enquanto uma região geográfica inteira e não só enquanto um sujeito social é, no mundo globalizado, a periferia que dá centralidade ao centro. Trata-se de um paradoxo semântico que dá sentido à própria lógica da economia política global. Neste texto apresentamos algumas visões sobre centroamericanidad, sobre sua identidade regional, a partir da ampliação da categoria do lumpemproletariado para esse espaço geográfico, social, histórico e simbólico; subalterno e transformador, portanto, que a América Central enquanto região denota.
La otra Nicaragua
Authors: Luna Delgado Yorlis
Published: April 2021

En Nicaragua existen muy polarizadas opiniones con versiones opuestas del conflicto político agudo que tomó lugar entre abril y julio del 2018. La versión de los grandes medios de comunicación refiere a una dictadura que reprimió violentamente protestas pacíficas. Aquí presentamos otra versión no hegemónica, utilizamos la categoría de “golpe suave” y ubicamos la misma capacidad de resistencia de los sectores populares nicaragüenses en su historia y su tradición antiimperialista.
impacto da avaliação da economia no apoio à democracia
Authors: Peixoto Vitor de Moraes , De Souza Jéssica Matheus
Published: April 2021

O artigo discute como a avaliação sociotrópica da economia e a mobilidade social se relacionam com o nível de adesão à democracia ou a formas autoritárias de governo, no ciclo 2006-2016. Conclui-se que avaliar bem a economia do país e perceber mobilidade social ascendente tende a levar os indivíduos a declarar mais apoio incondicional ao sistema democrático e demostrar graus de insatisfação menores com a democracia. Além disso, esses indivíduos tendem a apoiar menos golpes militares em cenários com alta criminalidade.
Democracia Hackeada
Authors: Suarez Pardo Maísa Martorano
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho explora a noção de democracia hackeada e sua manifestação nas eleições brasileiras de 2018. A partir de uma breve história da expressão e da fundamentação conceitual, explora a possibilidade do hacking como um elemento constitutivo da política e da democracia hackeada como condição da política contemporânea. A análise é enriquecida pelo uso metodológico da história das ideias políticas. Pergunta-se: é possível haver governos legítimos em tal contexto?
Estados Unidos, liberalismo e imperialismo:
Authors: Pautasso Diego
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar a genealogia do Liberalismo, dando particular ênfase ao epicentro de sua propagação na atual quadra histórica, os Estados Unidos da América, à luz da obra de Domenico Losurdo. Ao se compreender a natureza do Liberalismo, é possível evidenciar o entrelaçamento entre discurso liberal e política de poder realista das grandes potências ocidentais. Nesse sentido, sugerimos que Liberalismo e Imperialismo são duas faces da mesma moeda e, na atualidade, assumem formas diferentes com a globalização neoliberal e seu nexo obrigatório com os diversos mecanismos intervencionistas neocoloniais dos Estados Unidos (e seus aliados).
Rumo ao Sul:
Authors: Valio Luciana Benetti Marques
Published: April 2021

Pretende-se discutir sobre a obra “Parthenon of Books” da artista argentina Marta Minujín analisando os contextos que dialogam com a obra: a queima de livros durante o nazismo alemão e a ditadura militar na Argentina. A análise parte da proposta curatorial da documenta 14 de deslocar-se de seu centro hegemônico (a cidade de Kassel) para o Sul (em Atenas)
Alencar e seu projeto literário de construção nacional
Authors: Menezes Eduardo Diatahy Bezerra de
Published: April 2021

Partindo da ideia de que o Brasil não dispõe de um poema épico, um romance nacional ou uma obra literária aceita como grande referência para a construção da nacionalidade, este ensaio enfatiza a deliberada missão intelectual que José de Alencar se atribuiu, de realizar o projeto literário da nação brasileira.
The Fast Track FIT study: diagnostic accuracy of faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin in patients with suspected colorectal cancer
Authors: Turvill James L , Turnock Daniel , Cottingham Dan , Haritakis Monica , Jeffery Laura , Girdwood Annabelle , Hearfield Tom , Mitchell Alex , Keding Ada
Published: April 2021

Background

The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is now available to support clinicians in the assessment of patients at low risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and within the bowel cancer screening programme.

Aim

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FIT for CRC and clinically significant disease in patients referred as they were judged by their GP to fulfil National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline 12 (NG12) criteria for suspected CRC.

Design and setting

Patients referred from primary care with suspected CRC, meeting NG12 criteria, to 12 secondary care providers in Yorkshire and Humber were asked to complete a FIT before investigation.

Method

The diagnostic accuracy of FIT based on final diagnosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics analysis. This permitted a statistically optimal cut-off value for FIT to be determined based on the maximisation of sensitivity and specificity. Clinicians and patients were blinded to the FIT results.

Results

In total, 5040 patients were fully evaluated and CRC was detected in 151 (3.0%). An optimal cut-off value of 19 µg Hb/g faeces for CRC was determined, giving a sensitivity of 85.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 78.8% to 90.6%) and specificity of 85.2% (95% CI = 84.1% to 86.2%). The negative predictive value at this cut-off value was 99.5% (95% CI = 99.2% to 99.7%) and the positive predictive value 15.1% (95% CI = 12.8% to 17.7%). Sensitivity and specificity of FIT for CRC and significant premalignant polyps at this cut-off value were 62.9% (95% CI = 57.5% to 68.0%) and 86.4% (95% CI = 85.4% to 87.4%), respectively; and when including all organic enteric disease were 35.7% (95% CI = 32.9% to 38.5%) and 88.6% (95% CI = 87.5% to 89.6%), respectively.

Conclusion

FIT used in patients fulfilling NG12 criteria should allow for a more personalised CRC risk assessment. FIT should permit effective, patient-centred decision-making to inform the need for, type, and timing of further investigation.
década do Programa Proinfância
Authors: Araújo Víviam Carvalho de , Santos Núbia Aparecida Schaper
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca da produção acadêmica sobre o Programa Proinfância, considerando as publicações a partir de 2007, ano em que o Programa foi instituído, até o ano de 2017. Ao buscar compreender as concepções que atravessam a implementação de um programa que faz parte de uma política mais ampla no campo da educação, foi preciso dimensionar os aspectos que constituem o modelo federado em nosso país. Realizar um mapeamento da produção teórica da situação do Proinfância possibilitou conhecer como esse programa repercute diante da realidade brasileira, que tem características muito próprias em relação à sua organização social.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL MOMENT OF MAKING TRANSACTIONS AT THE SECURITIES MARKET ON THE BASIS OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Aksenov S. Yu. , Vyzhitovich A. M.
Published: April 2021

The versatility of technical analysis allows developing of the trading strategy for every desire. Anyway, a price movement of any financial instrument can be divided into periods of consolidation and trends. Significant price change of assets occurs during trend periods, so it’s better to choose those methods of technical analysis that are able to predict the points of origin of the directional movement. At the present time the progress and joint applying of technical analysis and Information Technology give a possibility to dramatically simplify the routine operations of analytics and investors. The article provides a brief overview of the existing methods of technical analysis and proposes a methodology for choosing the optimal moment for making trades in the security market based on them. Reviewed algorithms and methods based on modern Information technologies that allow to automate routine tasks and processes in short time. This amount of market data that cannot be analyzed by a human.
PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE VERSUS DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Sukhanova N. P. , Rodicheva I. S.
Published: April 2021

The modern educational process is focused on the training of a specialist who is able to think critically and creatively solve problematic situations, constantly raising the level of his education. Education as the most important social institution reacts sharply to the processes taking place in society. Actively developing distance learning is quite popular today, but there are different kinds of questions related to its implementation and the  significance of a personal example, personal contacts in the learning process is one of the questions that is analyzed in this article. Would the distance learning be complete if it was deprived of subjectivity by definition? The educational system is understood to be a tradition in the article. The authors stress two types of traditions: verbalized and non-verbalized. The specificity of pedagogical activity does not allow many of its significant components to be explicated. The attention is focused on non-verbalized traditions existing in the form of implicit knowledge. Specific examples (V.I. Vernadsky, V.V. Dokuchaev, P.V. Ototsky) reveal the necessity of personal knowledge in the educational process. The article concludes that personal communication between the lecturer and the student is necessary as a conscious movement against deindividuation in modern society.
STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: CLASSIFICATION AND APPLICATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Korzhova O. S.
Published: April 2021

As a result of transformation of the higher education system, higher education institutions are moving to a market environment. This forces universities to act in terms of efficiency and develop strategies for their development. The choice of an educational organization’s development strategy depends on a number of external and internal factors: state policy in the field of education, demand for educational services, geographical location, size, form of ownership of the university, and others. This article examines existing approaches to classifying the strategies of organizations, analyzes the opportunities, conditions and limitations of their application to higher education organizations.
Prijevodi Napoleonova katekizma (1806.) u Dalmaciji i Ilirskim pokrajinama, 1. dio
Authors: Shek Brnardić Teodora
Published: April 2021

S francuskom upravom u hrvatskim zemljama stupilo je na snagu i francusko državno zakonodavstvo. Između ostaloga, ono je uključivalo i Konkordat između Napoleona i Svete Stolice iz 1801. te Napoleonovu jednostranu zakonsku nadopunu u obliku 77 „Organskih članaka“ iz iste godine. Ovi dokumenti učinili su katoličke biskupije u Francuskoj nekom vrstom carskih upravnih tijela pod nadzorom Ministarstva bogoštovlja. Tako je čl. 39. propisao da će u katoličkim crkvama Francuskoga Carstva od tada nadalje moći postojati samo jedna liturgija i samo jedan katekizam. To je bila osnova za sastavljanje jednoga univerzalnoga Katekizma za sve katoličke crkve u Francuskom Carstvu, poznatoga kao Carski katekizam, objavljenoga 1806. godine. Njega su državni organi vlasti uveli bez potvrde pape Pija VII. i u njemu je prvi put u povijesti katekizma uz pouku o četvrtoj Božjoj zapovijedi izrijekom bilo spomenuto jedno svjetovno ime, dakako, cara Napoleona I. Generalni providur Dalmacije Vincenzo Dandolo prvi je godine 1807. naložio prevođenje Carskoga katekizma na „ilirski“, tj. hrvatski jezik, jer je Dalmacija postala dio Kraljevine Italije. Taj je pokušaj završio fijaskom zbog recenzija koje su ukazivale na nerazumljivost prijevoda među narodom. U Ilirskim pokrajinama osnovanim 1809. godine prijevodi su, bilo cjeloviti, bilo prijevodi tek nekoliko poglavlja, na poticaj civilnih vlasti objavljeni 1811. i 1812. godine, i to na čak četiri jezika: talijanskom, slovenskom, njemačkom i „ilirskom“ jeziku. Premda su ti prijevodi ostali bez utjecaja jer su Ilirske pokrajine ukinute već 1813. godine, a Napoleonov katekizam bio strogo zabranjen od strane austrijskih vlasti, ovi prevodilački pothvati ostaju vrlo vrijedan primjer propagande i pokušaja kulturnog transfera Napoleonova imperijalnoga kulta u ove krajeve, o čemu će biti riječ u ovome radu.
Structural and optical characteristic of 1-(4-Methylsulfonyl Phenyl)-3-(4-n, n Dimethyl (amino Phenyl)-2-Propen- 1-One (MSPPP) Chalcone doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: F. Attia Mohana , A. Elbadawi Abdelrahman
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural and optical characteristics of 1-(4-Methylsulfonyl Phenyl)-3-(4-n, n Dimethyl (amino Phenyl)-2-Propen- 1-One (MSPPP) Chalcone doped in ZnO nanoparticles. Part of the aim is to study the characterization of chalcone doped ZnO nanoparticles by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, FTIR spectroscopy, and diffuse reflection spectra.  All doped samples showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure. This study has shown that the crystallite size of pure ZnO varied from 23.50 to 27.45 nm and when increasing the chalcone percentage by 0.5 and 1.5%, has increased the crystallite sizes in the range of 33.40–33.80 nm and 33.80–36.20 nm, respectively. The value of the energy gap (Eg) for ZnO nanoparticles was 3.14 eV. For 0.5 and 1.5% chalcone doped ZnO, the energy gap decreased by an order of magnitude 0.16 eV.
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN JALAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KOTA: STUDI KASUS JALAN SIMPANG LIMA KOTA BAUBAU
Authors: Idwan Idwan
Published: April 2021

Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jaringan jalan terhadap perkembangan kota Kecamatan Betoambari, dimana yang menjadi wilayah penelitian adalah jalan Simpang 5 (lima). Untuk mencapai tujuan dan sasaran penelitian metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis dapat dikatakan bahwa perkembangan jaringan jalan pada kawasan Simpang 5 (lima) dalam dua belas tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan. Pada peta tahun 2003 jalan baru satu jaringan jalan saja dan belum terlihat bangun disempajang jalan tersebut, tetapi pada peta 2007, mulai terlihat adanya perkantoran pada jaringan jalan terebut dan pada peta 2014 mulailah terbentuk jaringan jalan simpang 5 (lima) dan pada jalan tersebut mulai tumbuh kawasan perkantoran, perumahan, permukiman dan ruang terbuka hijau.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES IPA DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 1 BONEATIRO
Authors: Rasyid Ardy Lestary Awaluddin
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh penggunaan media audio visual pembelajaran dan Pengaruh penggunaan media audio visual terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Boneatiro Kabupaten Buton Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Kelas V SD Negeri 1 Boneatiro, dengan sampel kelas VB sebagai kelas eksperimen dan VA sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, hasil post-test keterampilan proses IPA kelas eksperimen yaitu 62,14, kelas kontrol yaitu 53,86 dan nilai thitung 4,155 > ttabel. Post-test hasil belajar IPA kelas eksperimen yaitu 80,00, kelas kontrol yaitu 70,86 dan nilai thitung 3,915 > ttabel. Artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikasn antara hasil post-test kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan media audio visual pembelajaran dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan media gambar. Hasil analisis korelasi diperoleh 0,945 kelas eksperimen dan 0,944 kelas kontrol. Artinya ada hubungan positif sangat kuat antara keterampilan proses dan hasil belajar IPA. Sehingga disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media audio visual pembelajaran terhadap keterampilan proses dan hasil belajar IPA, dan terdapat hubungan positif sangat kuat antara keterampilan proses dan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 1 Boneatiro 1.
POTENSI ORGAN TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI INDIKATOR ASAM BASA
Authors: Andarias S. Hafidhawati
Published: April 2021

Indikator sintesis atau buatan merupakan indikator kimiawi yang dijual di pasaran dengan beberapa kelemahan seperti menimbulkan polusi kimia, ketersediaan bahan dan harga yang relatif mahal. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa organ tumbuhan bahkan tumbuhan liar ataupun bagian yang tidak umum digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai indikator asam basa pengganti indikator sintesis. Bagian tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah bagian yang berwarna terang karena adanya kandungan antosianin di dalamnya yang diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi. Jenis dan bagian tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan adalah bunga belimbing wuluh, bunga dadap merah, bunga pukul empat, daun bayam merah, kulit ubi ungu, dan bunga karamunting. Pembuatan indikator dalam bentuk larutan lebih mudah rusak dan berbau setelah penyimpanan yang lama sehingga pembuatan indikator kertas lebih banyak dipilih karena keunggulan yang dimiliki seperti: mudah diamati, hemat penggunaan, praktis, dan lebih murah.
Perbandingan Analisis Nilai Tambah Produk Pisang Sale Kering dan Pisang Sale Basah Pada Usaha Tradisional Red Golden Desa Deyah Raya Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: AR Chairuni
Published: April 2021

Buah pisang dapat dikonsumsi dengan berbagai cara, dapat dimakan langsung atau diolah menjadi berbagai varian produk, salah satunya adalah pisang sale. Pisang sale adalah makanan semi basah terbuat dari bahan dasar pisang matang yang dikeringkan dengan tujuan agar olahan pisang sale dapat bertahan lebih lama. Salah satu industri rumahan yang memproduksi pisang sale di Kota Banda Aceh adalah Usaha Tradisional Red Golden. Usaha ini memproduksi 2 (dua) macam pisang sale, pisang sale kering dan pisang sale basah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai tambah antara kedua produk yang dihasilkan oleh Industri tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tambah yang dihasilkan dari produk pisang sale kering adalah sebesar Rp. 12.500,-/Kg sedangkan produk pisang sale basah adalah sebesar Rp. 28.000,-/Kg. Dari nilai tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa produk pisang sale basah memiliki nilai tambah lebih besar daripada produk pisang sale kering, hal ini menunjukkan produk pisang sale basah lebih banyak memberikan keuntungan. Dilihat dari rasio nilai tambah kedua produk pisang sale menunjukkan bahwa Usaha Tradisional Red Golden masih tergolong rendah dikarenakan rasio nilai tambah yang dihasilkan lebih kecil dari 50%, dimana produk pisang sale kering memiliki rasio nilai tambah sebesar 30,1% dan produk pisang sale basah memiliki rasio nilai tambah sebesar 33,7%.
Efektivitas Metode Talaqqi Pada Halaqah Tarbiyah Di Wahdah Islamiyah Sulawesi Tenggara Dan Analisis Metode Talaqqi Dalam Kitab ‘Uddatu At Talabi Binajmi Manhaj At Talaqqi Wa Al Adab
Authors: Shamsul Mariyanto Nur , Kato Iskandar , Hanufi Samsuddin La
Published: April 2021

Talaqqi adalah satu bentuk metode pendidikan dalam islam, untuk belajar ilmu agama secara langsung kepada guru yang mempunyai kompetensi ilmu, tsiqah, dhabit dan mempunyai sanad keilmuan yang muttashil dan dilakukan secara khusus dengan mengumpulkan beberapa sistem dan model pembelajaran untuk menjadikan penuntut ilmu memiliki adab islami dan memahami, mengamalkan serta mendakwahkan ilmunya. Tulisan ini adalah hasil penelitian tentang efektivitas metode talaqqi, yang dianalisis dari pelaksanaan metode talaqqi pada halaqah tarbiyah Wahdah Islamiyah Sulawesi Tenggara dan metode talaqqi dalam kitab ‘Uddatu at Talabi Binajmi Manhaj at Talaqqi wa al Adab dengan menggabungkan metode survey terhadap halaqah tarbiyah di Wahdah Islamiyah Sulawesi Tenggara dan menganalisis literatur terhadap kitab ‘Uddatu at Talabi Binajmi Manhaj at Talaqqi wa al Adab karya Syaikh Dr. Abdullah Bin Muhammad Sufyan Al Hakimi dengan hasil penelitian dimana efektivitas pelaksanaan metode pendidikan talaqqi pada halaqah tarbiyah di Wahdah Islamiyah Sulawesi Tenggara belum tercapai dan metode pendidikan talaqqi yang terdapat pada kitab ‘Uddatu at Talabi Binajmi Manhaj at Talaqqi wa al Adab adalah  bergabung dengan halaqah pendidikan adab, Membangun sistem pendidikan Adab, menetap di masjid selama talaqqi, Mulazamah, Meningkatkan kapasitas menghafal, menghormati guru. Hasil penelitian ini adalah untuk mencapai efektivitas pelaksanaan tarbiyah di wahdah islamiyah sulawesi tenggara maka harus dilakukan kombinasi antara standar operasional pelaksanaan tarbiyah di wahdah islamiyah dan konsep manhaj talaqqi dalam kitab “Uddatu at talabi binazmi manhaj at talaqqi wa al adabi
Pemanafaatan aplikasi Geogebra sebagai pembelajaran Matematika di SMA kabupaten Buru
Authors: Magfirah Irma , Zakaria Yusran , Iye Risman , Bugis Riki , Azwan Azwan
Published: April 2021

Fakta komunikasi matematis di indonesia secara khusus di Maluku kabupaten Buru untuk peserta didik ditingkat sekolah menegah atas (SMA) masih tergolong rendah hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya penerapan metode dan pengaplikasian alat bantu mengajar. Dan alat bantu dalam proses belajar mengajar menjadi tolak ukur keberhasilan pembelajaran di sekolah khususnya pembelajaran matematika. Pembelajaran dengan bantuan komputer sudah banyak dikembangkan oleh peneliti luar negeri maupun dalam negeri sebagai acuan untuk penggunaan aplikasi dalam menunjang pembelajaran metematika salah satunya adalah aplikasi GeoGebra. Geogebra adalah perangkat lunak yang dapat diterapkan pada komputer untuk digunakan sebagai alat pembelajaran disekolah. Pada aplikasi ini peserta didik dapat menggambar grafik dan menetukkan titik uji penyelesaian, serta dapat menguji fungsi optimum pada titik tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini memanfaatkan aplikasi GeoGebra sebagai media dalam proses belajar mengajar di SMA 1 Buru. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di sekolah SMA Negeri 1 Buru di desa Namlea. Instrumen yang dipakai pada penelitin ini yakni, hasil belajar siswa, dan respon siswa serta keterlaksanaan penggunaan media, untuk itu penggunaan instrumen yang tepat adalah tes angket atau kusioner serta lembar observasi. Hasil peneltian ditemukan bahwa penggunaan media pemebelajaran aplikasi GeoGebra yang diterapkan pada peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran matematika sangat berbeda dengan penerapan yang tidak memakai aplikasi GeoGebra. hal ini dapat dilihat melalui hasil skor postes yang diperoleh sebesar 31,6% sedangkan untuk peningkatan kemampuan matematis antara skor pretest yakni sebesar 11,6%. Untuk itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam mata pelajaran matematika sangat efektif.