bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A educação do Infante ao Príncipe nas obras de Ramon Llull: caminhos da formação pedagógico-cristã no século XIII
Authors: Oliveira Fabiana De
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre o caminho educativo percorrido pela criança até a idade adulta na figura do príncipe. Articulamos essa discussão, pois compreendemos que esse príncipe para ser um bom representante de Deus na terra precisa antes ter sido formado e ter percorrido o caminho educativo traçado para esse sujeito enquanto criança. Essa reflexão se dará a partir da análise das obras Doutrina para Crianças e A Árvore Imperial de Ramon Llull. Essas obras datam do século XIII e compõem um conjunto de textos da literatura medieval característicos dos espelhos de príncipe por meio dos quais se difundia modos e hábitos inculcando formas de ser e estar no mundo Ibérico Medieval. O caminho educativo a ser percorrido pela criança é um trajeto que envolve os princípios da fé cristãos, mas que não dispensa a aprendizagem das artes liberais. Considerando a natureza humana corrompida pelo pecado original, a educação é vista como purificação.Palavras-chave: Ramon Llull – Educação – Criança – Príncipe
O tema do deserto e da vida ascética no monaquismo feminino na Igreja cristã primitiva: os monges e as monjas do deserto.
Authors: Tamanini Paulo Augusto
Published: May 2017

O interesse dos pesquisadores europeus pela vida e escritos de monges e monjas do cenobitismo oriental subsidiou uma coleção de relatos, composições literárias chamadas de ‘fontes monásticas’ e que hoje se deixam ofertar aos interessados no aprofundamento do assunto. Este artigo objetiva discorrer sobre a redescoberta e releitura do monaquismo oriental focando o gênero feminino mostrando uma dadivosa área a ser explorada e que pode, e muito, contribuir para a compreensão mais ampla do rosto eclesial, talhado pelo tempo, pelo lugar de expansão, pela forma de organização desses grupos de mulheres
Estudar os homens para conhecer a cidade: a prosopografia do clero paroquial de Coimbra nos séculos XIII-XV (abordagem metodológica)
Authors: Campos Maria Amélia Álvaro de
Published: May 2017

Com base numa revisão da literatura mais especializada na prosopografia e na prosopografia medieval, este artigo começa por apresentar uma síntese sobre a história desta metodologia e a forma como tem sido debatida pelos historiadores. Após uma breve descrição do seu processo operativo, pesam-se as suas falhas e vantagens, destacando, naturalmente, os motivos pelos quais a julgamos adequada e actual.Este trabalho inscreve-se num projecto que prevê o estudo da rede paroquial de Coimbra (séculos XIII-XV) e tem como objectivo principal descortinar o modo como se pretende analisar detalhadamente o clero paroquial da cidade e – através da sua prosopografia – conseguir a caracterização das paróquias por ele servidas.Com vista a enquadrar o projecto e a metodologia aqui analisada, apresenta-se também o estado da arte da aplicação da prosopografia aos temas da História da Idade Média Portuguesa.
Do Significado à Interpretação Função Discursiva do Provérbio nos Contos de Gonçalo Trancoso
Authors: Santos Sandra
Published: May 2017

Resumo: Desde os tempos mais remotos das civilizações antigas até aos nossos dias, o texto proverbial tem conseguido manter a sua importância. Apresentando--se com função pedagógica, argumentativa ou lúdica, e não obstante o espaço e o tempo a que se refere, o provérbio continua a afirmar-se como preconizador de normas de conduta exemplares, objetivando a manutenção da moral e dos bons costumes e mantendo a sua autoridade incontestável, através de uma voz sem autoria, mas reconhecida por todos. Neste trabalho, propomos analisar alguns provérbios contextualizados nos Contos de Gonçalo Trancoso, procurando evidenciar as suas características de texto anónimo institucionalizado, através de um estudo que aludirá à sua posição, tema e função discursiva.Palavras-chave: Gonçalo Trancoso, Provérbios, Exempla.
Reflexões sobre a institucionalização do monacato na Provença do século V a partir de alguns escritos de João Cassiano e de Lérins
Authors: Pinheiro Rossana Alves Baptista
Published: May 2017

Procuramos demonstrar a contribuição de João Cassiano para a institucionalização do monacato na Provença – entendida como estruturação do modo de vida cenobítico pelo desenvolvimento do ascetismo vivido em comunidade, ao qual se ligam a obediência a um superior e a construção de regras da vida cotidiana -, discutindo sua influência sobre os escritos produzidos e atribuídos a Lérins.
Coleções canônicas e autoridade dos bispos na alta Idade Média
Authors: Bührer-Thierry Geneviève
Published: May 2017

As coleções canônicas são fontes do direito canônico pouco utilizadas pelos historiadores que normalmente deixam este campo aos juristas. As da alta Idade Média representam um desafio específico na medida em que, frequentemente, reúnem documentos de variadas naturezas e proveniências e em que seu objetivo final nem sempre é evidente. Assim, verifica-se entre os historiadores uma evidente preferência pelas coleções maiores e mais conhecidas. Fica em segundo plano um grande número de pequenas coleções, mais ou menos obscuras, muitas vezes conservadas em um único manuscrito. No entanto, elaboradas principalmente sob a ordem de prelados dos séculos IX-X, o historiador da alta Idade Média pode tirar grande partido delas tanto para compreender as formas de raciocínio e ferramentas mentais dos compiladores, quanto para conhecer os projetos e as concepções políticas dos bispos que ordenaram tal trabalho.
La pesquisa por jurados y los modos de gobierno de los duques de Borgoña, siglo XIII
Authors: Torres Fauaz Armando
Published: May 2017

Este artículo analiza el uso que los duques de Borgoña dieron al procedimiento de pesquisa por jurados (inquisitio carolingia) durante el siglo XIII. Concentrándose en las formas de efectuación de dicho procedimiento, se estudia el proceso de transformación y adaptación que sufre la pesquisa para satisfacer las necesidades administrativas de los duques. Por medio de un examen cuidadoso de la documentación, se analizan tres fases distintas de este proceso, haciendo hincapié en la relación que existe entre el mismo y ejercicio del poder ducal, haciendo así inteligible el fenómeno de sofisticación de los modos de gobierno en el ducado.
Os Mistérios da Encarnação nos Amboni de Nicola e Giovanni Pisano
Authors: Vermeersch Paula Ferreira
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo trata dos Púlpitos esculpidos pela oficina fundada por Nicola, escultor proveniente da Apúlia, na cidade toscana de Pisa, por volta de 1250. Nestas obras, Nicola e seu filho Giovanni apresentam uma visão sobre a História Sagrada, marcada pelas pregações franciscanas e discussões políticas do século. Provavelmente formado no círculo de Frederico II Hohenstaufen no sul da Itália, Nicola se tornará o primeiro escultor a se utilizar diretamente de formas greco-romanas para tratar dos Mistérios da Encarnação, e seus significados para os fiéis. Nesse sentido, o artigo tenta alinhavar algumas hipóteses sobre a natureza do trabalho de Nicola, e interpretações possíveis sobre suas escolhas estéticas.
La plegaria como macrodiscurso de Loores de Nuestra Señora de Gonzalo de Berceo
Authors: Navarro María Belén
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo se propone definir y clasificar con precisión el tipo textual, la macroestructura y superestructura específica del poema Loores de Nuestra Señora de Gonzalo de Berceo mediante un análisis integral del texto en el marco de una pragmática textual, que tenga en cuenta los macroactos y microactos de habla para delimitar sus intenciones y finalidades. La hipótesis basal postulada radica en su clasificación como una plegaria compleja de alabanza y petición, determinada por el macrotexto, en la cual un locutor humano se dirige a un alocutario santo, María, coprotagonista ensalzada de la historia de la salvación según los cánones propios de la devoción mariana de hiperdulía de la época. Tal alabanza requiere de un microdiscurso subordinado pragmáticamente a la macroestructura laudatoria: la narratio-argumentatio, en otras palabras, la narración de los hechos salvíficos funcionan como alegato a favor de la loa debida a la Virgen y fundamento de la petición final.
Three-dimensional numerical investigation on the influence of geometric shape on flow in river bends
Authors: Xu Dong , Ji Chunning , Bai Yuchuan , Song Xiaolong
Published: May 2017

To investigate the influences of river bend geometry on flow structures, three-dimensional simulations were carried out. The influence of aspect ratio, channel sinuousness and curvature ratio were investigated. Simulation results show that with an increasing of channel aspect ratios, the streamwise variation of flow velocities decreases significantly, which is not the case for the spanwise direction. Simulation results also reveal the significant influence of the curvature ratio on the redistribution of primary flows. The streamwise variation of free-surface and bottom-wall velocities was compared and the phase differences between them was identified, which was described as anti-phase and out-of-phase patterns. Deep-water channels with an aspect ratio of 0.15 show significant phase-lag of flow velocities compared with channel geometry, this newly observed phenomenon implies the shift of the peak scouring point in fluvial river meanders. For the first time to our knowledge, the streamwise and spanwise variation of primary and secondary flow strength, as well as their spatial derivatives, are quantitatively provided, which are valuable for theoretical studies. It is also found that the widely adopted assumption that the streamwise velocity component is one order magnitude larger than the spanwise, is only valid for river bends with small curvatures and aspect ratios.
Greywater characterization and handling practices among urban households in Ghana: the case of three communities in Kumasi Metropolis
Authors: Dwumfour-Asare Bismark , Adantey Philomina , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum , Appiah-Effah Eugene
Published: May 2017

Greywater management in Ghana receives little or no attention although untreated greywater is associated with environmental and public health risks. This paper assesses greywater characteristics and handling practices among urban households in three selected communities in Kumasi, the second largest city of Ghana. The study involved in-depth surveys (interviews and observations) with 90 households, and collection of 18 greywater samples from nine greywater sources for laboratory analysis. Average greywater generation is 43.36 ± 17 litres per capita per day, equivalent to 36% of average water consumption. Greywater is untreated before disposal (≈99%), and disposal is mainly (89%) into drains and onto streets. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels are high but give very low BOD/COD ratios (0.20 ± 0.07) indicating a very low biodegradability potential. Nutrient levels are high: 12 times (P) and 30 times (N) in excess of standard discharge limits. Other contaminants detected are heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Zn and Cd), microbes (total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.), and organic micropollutants – benzalkonium chloride, parabens (methyl and propyl), sodium benzoate and hypochlorite – and details of the levels are discussed in the paper. Greywater reuse could be useful for biomass production, but it also presents a challenge and threat to natural biological processes and water sources.
Membrane fouling reduction in a cost-effective integrated system of microbial fuel cell and membrane bioreactor
Authors: Cheng Benai , Wang Jie , Liu Wenbin , Cui Zhao , Bi Fanghua , Jia Hui , Zhang Hongwei
Published: May 2017

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) and membrane bioreactors (MBR) are promising technologies for wastewater treatment. However, both of them have some drawbacks and application limitations. A cost-effective hybrid system (EMBR) integrating MFC with MBR was evaluated in terms of treatment performance and membrane fouling. In this paper, two electric field directions with a membrane module in the middle were applied to explore the mechanism of membrane fouling mitigation in EMBRs. In both configurations of EMBRs, microbial activity and degradation ability of activated sludge for chemical oxygen demand and NH4+−N removals could be enhanced compared with those for the controlled MBR. In addition, the irreversible resistance significantly decreased, especially in the EMBR(−) with a longer operation time. Furthermore, two critical factors, namely enhanced bioflocculation and electrophoresis forces, were compared based on key parameters (zeta potential, particle size distribution and extracellular polymeric substances). The electrophoresis forces made a greater contribution to fouling alleviation than that conducted by the enhanced bioflocculation. The results suggested that EMBR, as a promising wastewater treatment technology, improved effluent quality and reduced energy consumption.
Influence of nanoparticles on filterability of fruit-juice industry wastewater using submerged membrane bioreactor
Authors: Demirkol Guler Turkoglu , Dizge Nadir , Acar Turkan Ormanci , Salmanli Oyku Mutlu , Tufekci Nese
Published: May 2017

In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane surface was modified with nano-sized zinc oxide (nZnO) and silver (nAg) to improve the membrane filterability of the mixed liquor and used to treat fruit-juice industry wastewater in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR). The nAg was synthesized using three different methods. In the first method, named as nAg-M1, PES membrane was placed on the membrane module and nAg solution was passed through the membrane for 24 h at 25 ± 1 °C. In the second method, named as nAg-M2, PES membrane was placed in a glass container and it was shaken for 24 h at 150 rpm at 25 ± 1 °C. In the third method, named as nAg-M3, Ag nanoparticles were loaded onto PES membrane in L-ascorbic acid solution (0.1 mol/L) at pH 2 for 24 h at 150 rpm at 25 ± 1 °C. For the preparation of nZnO coated membrane, nZnO nanoparticles solution was passed through the membrane for 24 h at 25 ± 1 °C. Anti-fouling performance of pristine and coated membranes was examined using the submerged MBR. The results showed that nZnO and nAg-M3 membranes showed lower flux decline compared with pristine membrane. Moreover, pristine and coated PES membranes were characterized using a permeation test, contact angle goniometer, and scanning electron microscopy.
Preventing maritime transport of pathogens: the remarkable antimicrobial properties of silver-supported catalysts for ship ballast water disinfection
Authors: Theologides C. P. , Theofilou S. P. , Anayiotos A. , Costa C. N.
Published: May 2017

Ship ballast water (SBW) antimicrobial treatment is considered as a priority issue for the shipping industry. The present work investigates the possibility of utilizing antimicrobial catalysis as an effective method for the treatment of SBW. Taking into account the well-known antimicrobial properties of ionic silver (Ag+), five silver-supported catalysts (Ag/γ-Al2O3) with various loadings (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 wt%) were prepared and examined for the antimicrobial treatment of SBW. The bactericidal activity of the aforementioned catalysts was investigated towards the inhibition of Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Escherichia faecalis (Gram-positive) bacteria. Catalytic experiments were conducted in a three-phase continuous flow stirred tank reactor, used in a semi-batch mode. It was found that using the catalyst with the lowest metal loading, the inhibition of E. coli reached 95.8% after 30 minutes of treatment of an E. coli bacterial solution, while the inhibition obtained for E. faecalis was 76.2% after 60 minutes of treatment of an E. faecalis bacterial solution. Even better results (100% inhibition after 5 min of reaction) were obtained using the catalysts with higher Ag loadings. The results of the present work indicate that the prepared monometallic catalysts exert their antimicrobial activity within a short period of time, revealing, for the first time ever, that the field of antimicrobial heterogeneous catalysis using deposited ionic silver on a solid support may prove decisive for the disinfection of SBW.
Biofertilizer effect of free living nitrogen fixing bacterium on the growth and water quality properties of Penaeid prawn culture system
Authors: Raju* Venkata Kesava , K. Sreeramulu
Published: May 2017

The role of phytoplankton is significant in improving the yield of prawn culture. The growth of phytoplankton will be effected various factors viz. dissolved oxygen, production of natural food to shrimp larvae in control of ammonia. The growth of phytoplankton can be enhanced by application of nitrogeneous fertilizers to improve water quality and growth performance of Penaeus indicus. The present research work is focussed on a free-living nitrogen fixing bacterium Azotobacter chroococcum supplemented by nitrogeneous fertilizers to increase the content of proteins, carbohydrates and wet weight of P. indicus. Ten animals of juveniles of P. indicus were collected and grown in controlled conditions for fifteen days. The liquid suspension of free living nitrogen fixing bacteria A. chroococcum has been inoculated for experimental treatment purpose. The inoculum has been introduced to four treatments and for findings of water quality analysis andphytoplankton growth analysis by Strickland and Parsons method and biochemical analysis by Raymont et al., method. The research findings revealed that A. chroococcum supplemented with fertilizers will affect the growth of phytoplankton which is vital in prawn culture and enhance the growth of hormones and dry weight for improvement of the yield.
A study on the antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes isolated in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sabtharishi* Vanathi , Katragadda Radhika , Ravinder Thyagarajan
Published: May 2017

Recent years, due to increased usage of antifungal treatment worldwide, there is an increased chance of rising resistance among antifungal drugs too. Dermatophytic infections causes’ superficial mycosis and it affects skin, hair and nail. These infections are more common and antifungal drugs are used everywhere to treat those common infections. To conduct a study by determining the antifungal susceptibility pattern in dermatophytic isolates from patients attending dermatology OPD in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 217 samples like hair, nail and skin scrapings were obtained and isolation of dermatophytes was done. Antifungal susceptibility testing for dermatophytes was performed by micro broth dilution method. Antifungal drugs tested were Griseofulvin, Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentration for each drug for fungal isolates was tested and results studied. Fluconazole showed a higher MIC values in the range of 1-8µg/ml. Itraconazole showed the lowest MIC values by micro broth dilution method. Since there is limitation of standard guidelines and protocol, meticulous research must be conducted on effect of antifungals and derive at universally implementable guidelines.
Role of corticosteroids in treatment of neurotuberculosis
Authors: Goyal Virendra Kumar , Ahmed Asrar
Published: May 2017

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Confinamento para bovinos leiteiros: histórico e características
Authors: Mota Vania , Torres Campos Alessandro , Alves Damasceno Flávio , Augusto de Melo Resende Everton , Pedroso do Amaral Rezende Creuza , Ronaldo de Abreu Luiz , Vareiro Teodora
Published: May 2017

The confinement regime for the exploration of meat and milk is a common, recurrent and necessary practice in many countries. In recent times there has been growing concern about the planning of facilities for confinement for dairy cattle to improve comfort and wellbeing of the animals. The purpose of this review is to describe the types of feedlots for dairy cattle, currently available, giving greater emphasis to the constructive characteristics of each system. Confined animals may have an acceptable standard of well-being and comfort as appropriate facilities are provided along with good animal health and management practices. An increasing trend of the number of confinement in Brazil and in of world could be noted based on this study. The reason for that is the lack of large areas of available land near urban centers and due to exigencies of consumers.
Propostas pedagógicas substitutivas ao uso de animais no ensino superior: uma revisão
Authors: Carniatto Caio Henrique , Carniatto Caio Henrique de Oliveira
Published: May 2017

Animals are used in teaching and research activities for centuries, especially in studies related to anatomy, physiology and, recently, pharmacology; they are also used in practical classes and educational activities of undergraduate courses. However, with the growing discussion on the rights of nonhuman animals, and aware of the responsibility of man in the preservation of the planet and in maintaining biodiversity, it is necessary to develop alternative resources to the use of animals in teaching and research in higher education. This study aimed to investigate the use of substitutive methods to animal testing, consultation national and international journals related to bioethics, animal experimentation, vivisection and alternative resources. There are substitute’s methods to animal testing, which can be applied to higher education in Brazil, especially in education and biomedical, pharmaceutical and toxicological researches. The use of animals in practical activities where they are sacrificed just to observe anatomical structures or visualization physiological processes that are already known and established, can be replaced by recordings or anatomical models. The use of alternative resources is a technological process, though slow, which should be developed, deployed, and encouraged by the professor, saying his social and scientific responsibility.
Resíduos de agrotóxicos do grupo de ditiocarbamatos em maçãs (Malus domestica Borkh.) in natura no Brasil – 10 anos
Authors: Pereira Marcella , Runtzel Cristina Link , Galvão Simone , Pereira Marcella Nunes , Soares Carlos Eduardo , Scussel Vildes Maria
Published: May 2017

A critical analysis of the dithiocarbamate (DTCs) residues (ten years) in fresh apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) reported by the Pesticide Residue Analysis Program (PARA) of the Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) was carried out. From the total of 1422 apples samples, 605 of them present some levels of contamination. Although the number of positive samples for DTCs were rather low (32.1%) in 2003, the following year (2004) had the highest number of contaminated apples samples (135) corresponding to 83.9%, followed by 2007 with 81.9% (113). Apples in Brazil reached residue levels up to 3.04 mg/kg in 2005, exceeding the country MRL (2 mg/kg). Despite that, the Program does not inform how many and/or the percentage that effectively exceeded that limit. The values were satisfactory (≤MLR) in the prior to 2003 years and so in 2006 and 2007. According to the data analyzed, the apples commercialized in Brazil over the evaluation period, had residue above the MRLs level in bouncing years (2001/2002, 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2012), exposing consumers to the adverse DTCs effects. Considering the ten years evaluated, it was observed that there were no evolution on the residues detected (reduction), nor in the number of samples surveyed or official laboratories for analysis (increase), thus those factors should be improved. There is therefore the need for measures to control the use of this chemical group, and the continuity of ANVISA to formally inform consumers (via website) since it stopped this activity in 2012.
Amputação da articulação radiocarpal de um pombo doméstico (columba livia): Relato de caso
Authors: ÍTALO SENA CARVALHO  , Sena Carvalho Ítalo , Pereira de Sousa Filho Demétrio , Dos Anjos Honorato Robson
Published: May 2017

A domestic pigeon (Columba livia), male, weighing 200 grams was attended at the CMV-SAÚDE Veterinary Medical Clinic (Santa Maria-DF), which was rescued by an elderly couple who observed that it could not take flight. Physical examination revealed an exposed fracture in the distal portion of the metacarpal III, with a marked inflammatory process and a high degree of tissue necrosis. Due to the degree of tissue necrosis and infection at the fracture site, it was not possible to perform any osteosynthesis technique. Therefore, the therapeutic approach adopted was the low amputation in the radiocarpal joint. Such conduct was the ideal treatment to relieve pain and restore the animal's well-being.
Inquérito soro-epidemiológico de Brucella ovis e Brucella abortus em rebanhos ovinos pertencentes à microrregião de Teresina, Brasil
Authors: DIAS ARAUJO ESTEFANE KELLY
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to conduct an epidemiological investigation on the occurrence of Brucella ovis and Brucella abortus in sheep flocks at municipalities belonging to the microregion of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Samples from 521 animals were analyzed. It was performed blood collection by venous access, and the tubes containing the samples were sent to the Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Reproduction of Domestic Animals of the Federal University of Piauí, for later analysis. It was performed the antibodies detection for anti-Brucella ovis and anti-Brucella abortus using the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Buffered Acidified Antigen (AAT) techniques, respectively. A questionnaire, containing questions on the general aspects of the property, the herd, reproductive and sanitary management of the animals, was applied to the owners of the herds. No animals were found seropositive for Brucella abortus. 53.6% of the properties investigated had at least one case of sheep seropositive for Brucella ovis by AGID test. 4.6% of the samples were positive for antibodies anti-Brucella ovis. About the positive samples, 8.67% were females and 1.0% males. 13.6% of positive samples were about animals aged more than 36 months. The main type of breeding system was the extensive. It was reported abortions incidents in about 28,6% of the properties. 7.1% of the properties did not perform any sanitary management and only 39.2% of the properties received some type of technical assistance. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the micro-region of Teresina is exposed to the contamination of Brucella ovis, and sanitary and reproductive management is defective in the properties, as well as the technical assistance is little requested by the producers, impairing the control and prevention of ovine brucellosis.Keywords: Brucellosis, management, ovines
Suplementação mineral para bovinos
Authors: SILVEIRA LEIDIANE
Published: May 2017

The mineral supplementation provides the correction of deficiencies and imbalances in the diet of cattle. With these remedies healed there is a better development of the animal and better productivity, thus generating a better cost-benefit for the breeder. Among the important factors for cattle production is the physical structure of the property that must be taken into account the size and location of the trough; The size and type of grazing area according to the number of animals; The watery areas; The deposit to store the food; The handling corral; The quarantine area and the leisure area. Already in the nutritional factor we must take into account the needs of the animals according to the category, the sex, the age, the aptitudes, and the time of the year; Providing sources of energy, protein, and mineral supplements in quantity and quality. Zootechnical and economic control is also an essential factor in determining whether, in the end, the activity is giving a profit or a loss to the producer. Looking at all these factors, one has the differential in order to be successful in production, whether meat or milk.
Dinâmica do acúmulo de forragem e morfogênese de Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés sob períodos de descanso
Authors: Costa Newton , Townsend Claudio Ramalho , Magalh João Avelar , Fogaça Fabíola Helena dos Santos , Santos Francisco José de Seixas
Published: May 2017

he effects of rest periods (14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days) on green dry matter (GDM) yield, chemical composition and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés were evaluated under natural field conditions. GDM yields and regrowth, medium blade length, leaf elongation and leaf senescence rate increased consistently with highest rest periods however the nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium contents and leaf appearance rate decreased. Maximum GDM yields, number of leaves tiller-1, leaf elongation rate and leaf area index were obtained with rest periods at 40.8; 40.2; 26.2 and 48.2 days. These data suggest that grass grazing at 35 to 42 days of rest period were optimal for obtain maximum yields and regrowth of rich forage.
Comparação do peso corporal obtido através de pesagem em balança digital ou fita torácica de pesagem em nelores machos
Authors: Quadros Watanabe André , Watanabe André Hiroshi Quadros , Manchini Heloise , Marçal Wilmar Sachetin
Published: May 2017

The determination of the body weight of the animals is important to evaluate the growth and the nutritional status, administer medications and parasiticides properly, adjust the feed and establish the value of the animal for slaughter. However, since there are many properties that do not have scales for weighing the animals. Therefore, there are other ways to evaluate body weight without the use of scales, performed through their body measurements. The most mentioned in the literature are body length, height of the withers and croup, and length of the croup. In the present study, another method used to evaluate body weight without the use of a scales, the thoracic tape for bovine weighing, was considered an indirect, low cost and less stressful method. So the objective was to verify if there were differences between the weights obtained in these two methods, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the thoracic weighing tape. In this study, we evaluated the body weights of 46 Nellore males of zootechnical excellence, aged 15 to 17 months, coming from the farm Cachoeira 2C, located in the city of Sertanópolis - PR, obtained through the use of thoracic weighing tape for cattle And digital weighing. A Student's t-test was performed, with a significance level of 5% (0.05) in order to compare a possible variation between two means, the first one referring to the body weight obtained in digital scale (P1) (P1 = 411.5 / P2 = 394.7), variance (P1 = 1619.41111 / P2) was observed, and the second one referring to the measurement made with the thoracic weighing tape for cattle (P2) = 2367.14058) and in the standard deviation (P1 = 40.24 / P2 = 48.65) and that in addition, the P value was greater than 0.05 (0.074771791), that is, there were no significant differences Between the methods compared. Thus, it is possible to affirm that the use of thoracic tape to evaluate the body weight of cattle is an efficient and credible alternative method, being a tool that can be used by farmers safely.
Características andrológicas de caprinos Anglonubiano submetidos ao semiárido
Authors: Sousa Francisco , Sousa Ingrid Rodrigues , Mascena Valdenio Mendes , Silva Jefté Ferreira da
Published: May 2017

In the Brazilian Northeast region, the very characteristic climatological effect of drought affects the temperature and food availability, influencing the sexual activity of male goat. Despite being considerate as animals adapted to semiarid climate, the goats also suffer from thermal stress. The seminal characteristics and the testicular biometry (TB) show great variation between breeds and even between individuals of the same breed affecting the performance of these animals. Despite the significant number of goats created on Brazilian Northeast, there is still a shortage of data about the reproductive potential of these animals. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the andrological parameters of Anglo Nubian goats, submitted to the semiarid conditions. The study was performed between January to April 2016, on properties located on the Crateús city, state of Ceará, in Northeastern semiarid zone. Were used six goat males of the Anglo Nubian breed, with 12 to 36 months aged, fed on nature pasture, and receiving water and mineral salt ad libitum. The following parameters were evaluated weekly: TB, libido, volume and seminal characteristics. The variables were submitted to analysis of variance by Mann Whitney Wilcoxon test using the Assistat 7.7 software. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The average values for TB, libido and ejaculate volume was 24.9 ± 2.2 cm, 17.9 ± 7.6 s and 1.5 ± 0.6 mL, respectively. The spermatic color was yellow in 96.9% and the its aspect was milky in 71.9% of collections. The average numbers obtained for mass motility, percentage of motile sperm, vigor and sperm concentration was 3.8 ± 0.8, 72.8 ± 23.2%, 3.4 ± 1.0 and 2.2 ± 1.0 billion/mL, respectively. These results were as expected for caprine specie. No significant difference was observed between the analyzed parameters in the different ejaculate aspects. In conclusion, the andrological parameters presented acceptable values for the use of these animals as breeders. The semiarid climate did not decrease the reproductive efficiency of the animals used, demonstrating their adaptability to the environment.
Mitochondrial-Targeted Catalase Protects Against High-Fat Diet–Induced Muscle Insulin Resistance by Decreasing Intramuscular Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Lee Hui-Young , Lee Jae Sung , Alves Tiago , Ladiges Warren , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Jurczak Michael J. , Choi Cheol Soo , Shulman Gerald I. , Samuel Varman T.
Published: May 2017

We explored the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance. We assessed insulin action in vivo with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in mice expressing a mitochondrial-targeted catalase (MCAT) that were fed regular chow (RC) or a high-fat diet (HFD) or underwent an acute infusion of a lipid emulsion. RC-fed MCAT mice were similar to littermate wild-type (WT) mice. However, HFD-fed MCAT mice were protected from diet-induced insulin resistance. In contrast, an acute lipid infusion caused muscle insulin resistance in both MCAT and WT mice. ROS production was decreased in both HFD-fed and lipid-infused MCAT mice and cannot explain the divergent response in insulin action. MCAT mice had subtly increased energy expenditure and muscle fat oxidation with decreased intramuscular diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation, protein kinase C-θ (PKCθ) activation, and impaired insulin signaling with HFD. In contrast, the insulin resistance with the acute lipid infusion was associated with increased muscle DAG content in both WT and MCAT mice. These studies suggest that altering muscle mitochondrial ROS production does not directly alter the development of lipid-induced insulin resistance. However, the altered energy balance in HFD-fed MCAT mice protected them from DAG accumulation, PKCθ activation, and impaired muscle insulin signaling.
A Genome-Wide Association Study Using a Custom Genotyping Array Identifies Variants inGPR158Associated With Reduced Energy Expenditure in American Indians
Authors: Piaggi Paolo , Masindova Ivica , Muller Yunhua L. , Mercader Josep , Wiessner Gregory B. , Chen Peng ,   SIGMA Type 2 Diabetes Consortium, Kobes Sayuko , Hsueh Wen-Chi , Mongalo Milliejoan , Knowler William C. , Krakoff Jonathan , Hanson Robert L. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J.
Published: May 2017

Pima Indians living in Arizona have a high prevalence of obesity, and we have previously shown that a relatively lower energy expenditure (EE) predicts weight and fat mass gain in this population. EE is a familial trait (heritability = 0.52); therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify genetic variants that affect EE and thereby influence BMI and body fatness in Pima Indians. Genotypic data from 491,265 variants were analyzed for association with resting metabolic rate (RMR) and 24-h EE assessed in a whole-room calorimeter in 507 and 419 Pima Indians, respectively. Variants associated with both measures of EE were analyzed for association with maximum BMI and percent body fat (PFAT) in 5,870 and 912 Pima Indians, respectively. rs11014566 nominally associated with both measures of EE and both measures of adiposity in Pima Indians, where the G allele (frequency: Pima Indians = 0.60, Europeans <0.01) associated with lower 24-h EE (β = −33 kcal/day per copy), lower RMR (β = −31 kcal/day), higher BMI (β = +0.6 kg/m2), and higher PFAT (β = +0.9%). However, the association of rs11014566 with BMI did not directionally replicate when assessed in other ethnic groups. rs11014566 tags rs144895904, which affected promoter function in an in vitro luciferase assay. These variants map to GPR158, which is highly expressed in the brain and interacts with two other genes (RGS7 and CACNA1B) known to affect obesity in knockout mice. Our results suggest that common ethnic-specific variation in GPR158 may influence EE; however, its role in weight gain remains controversial, as it either had no association with BMI or associated with BMI but in the opposite direction in other ethnic groups.
High-resolution CFD modelling of Lillgrund Wind farm
Authors: A.C.W. Creech  , W.-G. Früh  , A.E. Maguire
Published: May 2017

We report on a fully dynamic simulation of Vattenfall’s Lillgrund offshore Wind Farm, with a focus on the wake effects of turbines on the performance of individual turbines, and of the farm as a whole. The model uses a dynamic representation of a wind turbine to simulate interaction between the wind and the turbine rotors, calculating the instantaneous power output and forces on the air; this was embedded in a finite element, large eddy simulation (LES) computational fluid dynamics code. This model was applied to the wind farm for a selection of key wind speeds and directions, to investigate cases where a row of turbines would be fully aligned with the wind or at specific angles to the wind. The simulation results were then compared to actual performance measurements from the wind farm spanning several years’ of operation. These results demonstrate that time-resolving LES simulations are able to reproduce realistic wake structures, including wake meandering and wake recovery, as well as the effect of wakes on turbine performance.
Cooperative Voltage Control of Distributed Generation and Grid Connected Converter in DC Microgrid
Authors: Jong-chan Choi  , Ho-young Jeong  , Dong-jun Won  , Seon-ju Ahn  , Seung-il Moon
Published: May 2017

Many researches on a voltage control method in a DC microgrid has been studied, but almost of them are only focused on control in small scale microgrid such as a building power grid. Whereas it is expected a DC microgrid becomes larger with respect to increasing of a DC energy source and a power load, thus a new control scheme is required for middle or large scale DC microgrids. This paper analyses a voltage drop problem in a radial DC microgrid and proposes a cooperative voltage control scheme with a distributed generation (DG) and a grid connected converter (GCC). The voltage control method with DG and GCC is proposed to minimize an operation cost in DC microgrid and additionally an optimal DG allocation algorithm is proposed for minimization of DG capacity. And finally, the proposed methods are verified by simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC.
A Computational Contribution to Analyse the Connection of an Independent Power Producer to the Grid
Authors: L. M. Peres  , M. L. R. Chaves  , G. C. Guimarães  , F. A. M. Moura
Published: May 2017

The main objective of this paper is to present the modelling and performance of a synchronous generator connected to a distribution system to study the impacts of the expansion of distributed generation. Computer models for synchronous machine and its speed governor and voltage regulator were developed in the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) in its interface called ATPDraw. The implementation of such modelling has been developed in order to meet the requirements of companies in the energy sector, as well as to make a visual interface of easy understanding. To validate these modelling, some performance studies are realized for the synchronous generator of an Independent Power Producer (IPP) connected to the distribution system. The roles played by the speed governor and voltage regulator are highlighted when a severe contingency such as a three phase short-circuit occurs in the system.
Experimental Assessment of PV Panels Front Water Cooling Strategy
Authors: L. Dorobanțu  , M. O. Popescu  , C. L. Popescu  , A. Crăciunescu
Published: May 2017

The electrical performance and reliability of flat type photovoltaic (PV) modules can be severely affected by elevated cell operating temperature due to elevated ambient temperatures. In this work the free flow front water cooling solutions to enhance flat-type PV module electrical performance is experimentally explored on laboratory scale module operated outdoors under natural light luminance. Water-cooling is implemented using a perforated tube disposed on the top of the panel and a chilled water source, both attached to the module active surface. The cooling water directly wets the module active surface, thereby decreasing the light reflection loss and cleaning the panel surface in the same time. For given meteorological conditions, the efficiency of free water cooling was measured and the corresponding additionally electrical energy yield was determined. The equivalent electric circuit of the PV panel cooling system is developed and an appropriate algorithm for its parameters experimental determination is proposed.
Measurement of Power Quality Effects and Energy Efficiency of Various Light Technologies
Authors: L. Arsov  , M. Cundeva-Blajer  , I. Iljazi
Published: May 2017

The paper deals with the influence on the power quality of various light technologies and measurement of their energy efficiency (lighting efficiency). A virtual power quality analyzer which enables measurement of all the power components, using the newest power models and definitions, is shortly described. Details of the measurement of harmonics generation by different light technologies are presented. A more realistic approach to the energy efficiency estimation, by the real electrical energy consumption, is proposed. This approach to the energy (lighting) efficiency estimation could be generalized to other domestic appliances, sources of harmonics.
Content and Properties of Mechanically Sorted Municipal Wastes and Their Suitability for Production of Alternative Fuel
Authors: J.Kalnacs  , D.Arina  , A.Murashov
Published: May 2017

The article presents the results of experimental work in the first waste mechanical Pre-treatment Centre in Latvia. The goal – to detect the main parameters for separated waste parts and to compare them with parameters stated for alternative fuels in cement plant in Latvia. Samples were taken in three fractions - coarse, medium, and fine. 132 samples have been taken. The parameters – upper, lower heating values, moisture, ash content, S, Cl, metals were determined. Results - coarse fraction has greater potential of the production of the alternative fuel.
Development of a new mixed 5-level inverter for 3 kW household photovoltaic applications
Authors: A. Caldeira  , S. Jacques  , A. Schellmanns  , J.-C. Lebunetel  , N. Batut  , L. Gonthier
Published: May 2017

Multilevel inverters are well used in high power electronic applications (about 10 kW) because of their ability to generate a very good quality of waveforms, reducing switching frequency, and their low voltage stress across the power devices. However, inverter architecture must be modified in order to take into account the different photovoltaic (PV) problems in conventional installation. This paper presents a comparative study of 5-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and a new mixed 5-level inverter. The theoretical study is validated using simulation with the LTspice environment. The output voltage and total harmonic distortion are particularly compared. An experimental 5-level inverter was realized in order to validate analytical results.
The impact of feeders in closed-loop arrangement on harmonic distortion and power losses
Authors: K. Deželak  , M. Rošer  , R. Škof  , T. Kastelic  , G. Štumberger
Published: May 2017

This paper deals with the power losses and power quality in the medium-voltage distribution network considering feeders in the open- and closed-loop arrangements. The feeders in the open-loop arrangement are changed to the closed-loop arrangement with the aim to improve reliability of the power supply. Apart from that the power quality could be increased, while power losses could be decreased. In the case study the feeders supply loads, while in some cases loads are replaced with the renewable source of energy.
Modelling and Design of Indirect Solar Dryers for Batch Drying
Authors: L. Blanco-Cano  , A. Soria-Verdugo  , L.M. García-Gutiérrez  , U. Ruiz-Rivas
Published: May 2017

A model is developed to study the influence of design parameters (dimensions, air mass flow rate) in the performance of an indirect solar drier for batch drying. The aim of the work is to cover a wide range of configurations and sizes with a simple model. The model covers the air heating in the collector and the vapour mass transfer in the drying chamber. Constant rate controlled by convection mass transfer is assumed. The results, still preliminary, show the relevance of using a solar collector and the evolution of the drying process in the drying chamber. The obtainable vapour mass flow rate is calculated for a variety of configurations, showing the incidence of the air mass flow and the dimensions of the collector and the drying chamber. Performance parameters such as temperatures during the process and the efficiency of the drying chamber are also depicted.
Rural Smart Grids: planning, operation and control review
Authors: I. Zubia  , I. Arrambide  , O. Azurza  , P. M. García  , J.J. Ugartemendia
Published: May 2017

Rural Smart Grids enables the incorporation of distributed generation as while as the development of the rural communities. In this paper Smart Grid characteristics are presented and challenges of its integration in the network are analysed. Differential characteristics of Rural Smart Grids are summarized and areas that should be investigated to achieve their high scale implementation are pointed out.
A real site application of a diagnose method at Estimating Insulated Cables Degradation using Non Linearity Indicators
Authors: L. N. Velasco  , A. Reis  , J. C. Oliveira  , L. C. G. Freitas  , A. P. Finazzi  , F. N. Lima  , H.C. Martins  , W. J. Araújo  , J. M. Borges
Published: May 2017

The quality of electricity supply, among other issues, deals with continuity indicators as one of the most important factors for the characterization of an adequate service as far as power quality is concerned. In this context, one of the major problems responsible for the unscheduled interruptions is related to the degradation of electrical cables insulation and the well-known water tree effect emerges as an important cause for the deterioration of their insulation layer. If this phenomenon happens large loss of insulating properties of dielectric material used to build up such component will occur. In light of these facts, the development of procedures to evaluate, predict and indicate the operational status of operating cables shows highly attractive in order to improve the quality and reliability of energy supply. Focusing this subject, this paper presents a synthesis of existing methods and a new trend towards the mentioned matter. By using experimental measurements, carried out in medium voltage commercial operating cables in a distribution utility throughout non-invasive approach, applied voltage and insulating leakage currents are obtained so support the analysis. The data are used to obtain degradation indexes to estimate the cables physical operational conditions and the found indicators are further considered in viewing the effectiveness of the strategies for the diagnosis purposes.