bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing Trends in Clinical Profile of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Laisram Nonica , Muzaffar Tufail , Bhatnagar Shikha
Published: July 2019

Background

There may be change in clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy (CP) due to improvement in maternal and child care health service. The clinical profi le, aetiological factors and comorbidities of children with CP attending Department of PMR, VMMC & Safdarjang Hospital during the years 1981- 1989 and 2008 - 2012 were therefore compared and analysis done.

Methods

Four hundred and ten (group B) children with CP registered in last 4 years (2008 - 2012) at PMR Department of VMMC & Safdarjang Hospital were compared with previous study of 544 (group A) children during year 1981 - 1989 from same centre.

Results

Spastic CP remained most common in both the groups. Diplegia is commonest type of CP (38.78%) as compared to previous group where quadriplegia (34.9%) was most common. The mixed type showed a statistical signifi cant increase in percentage (group A: 0.18 % versus group B: 3.7 %).

In aetiology, there is decrease in prenatal and postnatal causes and increase in natal causes which were statistically signifi cant. Birth asphyxia (50.3 %) remains the main aetiological factor as earlier (24.5%). Speech problems (59.7%), mental retardation (31.7%) and seizures (26.8%) are common comorbidities as compared to previous studies where mental retardation (47.2 %) was found to be most common followed by speech impairment (37%), visual impairment (9%) and seizures (8.8%).

Conclusions

Clinical profile of CP has evolved with an increase in diplegic and a decrease in quadriplegic CP.
Oculo-auriculovertebral Spectrum with Radial Anomaly: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Gupta Anil Kumar , Rai Siddharth , Sharma Vijai Prakash
Published: July 2019

Oculo-auriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) or the Goldenhar syndrome is a rare developmental disorder with plethora of congenital anomalies which mostly affects structures arising from the first and the second branchial arches. The affected structures include cheekbone, jaws, mouth eyes, ear and vertebrae. The case which we are presenting here had classical features such as microsomia, unilateral microtia, microphthalmia and facial nerve palsy along with vertebral anomalies with additional signs as unilateral hearing loss and radial limb anomalies. OAVS with radial defect and limb abnormalities is a rare presentation and thus reported‥
A Rare Indication for Amputation
Authors: Sreekala V.K.
Published: July 2019

A forty-two years old housewife came to the outpatient department. She met with a very bad road traffic accident in childhood resulting in a crush injury of left lower limb and a degloving injury on the right lower limb. She had undergone transtibial amputation on the left and skin grafting on the right lower limbs. The scar has been transformed into a large keloid. Now she is ambulant with patellar tendon bearing prosthesis on the left side and a rocky hard, heavy, insensate right lower limb with a grotesque appearance. She requests amputation and prosthetic fitting on the right side.
A Comparative Study of Local Ultrasound Therapy and Local Steroid Injection in Patients of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Goenka Sunil , Verma Manoj
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy of upper extremity affecting predominantly females of middle age group. Symptoms include pain, paracsthesia, numbness in median nerve distribution of hand.

Study design

Comparative type of interventional study.

Study area

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SMS Medical College and attached group of hospitals, Jaipur.

Duration of study

One and a half years April 2014-October 2015.

Aims and objective

To compare the efficacy of local ultrasound therapy and local corticosteroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome management.

Study population

A total of sixty patients with CTS (agep>18 years) were randomly assigned to the steroid treatment plus splinting(group A) or ultrasound treatment plus splinting(group B).

Results

The mean age of study population was 45.47±12.24 years with males comprising 13.3% and females 86.6% of whole study. At baseline all outcome variables were comparable statistically in both the groups (p>0.05). In follow-up assessment at 8th week, statistically significant improvement was obtained in all clinical and electrophysiological parameters in group A: Grip strength, symptom severity score, functional status score, median DML, sensory nerve conduction velocity (p<0.001 for each). Also the group B showed improvement in all parameters except grip strength. At the end of 24th week all outcome variables showed decline in improvement as comparative to 8th week, but still they were better than baseline in both groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in outcome variables except for the grip strength.

Conclusion

Ultrasound treatment provided improvement comparable to steroid injection in all clinical and electrophysiological parameters in patients with CTS except grip strength. Overall steroid therapy is more effective than ultrasound therapy. Effectiveness of treatment persist for at least 6 months then it lessens, so long follow-up is required.
Use of Antibiotics in the Management of Pediatric Dental Conditions – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jawdekar Ashwin , Sevekar Srirang
Published: July 2019

Objectives

In order to evaluate the need of antibiotic use in children for a variety of dental procedures, a retrospective study was undertaken.

Material and Methods

Children as dental patients, a study The records of 100 children between age 2-10 years visiting a pediatric dental clinic for various pulpal and periapical conditions were evaluated. A total of 364 procedures (pulp therapies such as pulpotomy and pulpectomy, and extractions) were carried out in the children for different pulpal and periapical pathologies (irreversible pulpitis, pulp necrosis and periradicular abscess). Timing of the antibiotic cover (preop, intraop and post op), duration of the antibiotic, and type of the antibiotic or a combination was recorded.

Results

Only 19.5% procedures required antibiotic prescriptions. On most occasions, an antibiotic cover given prior to commencement of the treatment was sufficient to prevent the possible advancement of the infection and promote the post-operative healing.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are often not a necessity for the treatment of dental conditions in children. However, a larger sample size and multicentric study would be necessary to establish this finding.
Infiltrative Type of Bone Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Case Report
Authors: Kumar Shwetha , Pathak Jigna
Published: July 2019

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a well known malignancy which accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. OSCC are malignant tumors that frequently invade bone and bone invasion is a common clinical problem. Bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma may progress by either an infiltrative or an erosive histological pattern. The pattern of bone invasion co-relates with the clinical behavior of OSCC thus having a potential prognostic value. The present case report is of a 35-year- old female patient presenting with a lesion in the lower right buccal vestibule which was histopathologically confirmed as OSCC. The type of bony invasion was also assessed microscopically. The objective of this paper was to define the characteristics associated with each histological pattern of invasion and its significance when reviewing oral squamous cell carcinoma with mandibular invasion.
Diagnosis and Management of Dental Erosion
Authors: Gaindara Beatrice K. , Truelove Edmond L.
Published: July 2019

Early recognition of dental erosion is important to prevent serious irreversible damage to the dentition. This requires awareness of the clinical appearance of erosion compared to other forms of tooth wear. An understanding of the etiologies and risk factors for erosion is also important. These form the basis of a diagnostic protocol and management strategy that addresses the multifactorial nature of tooth wear. The primary dental care team has the expertise and the responsibility to provide this care for their patients with erosion.
Dental Hygiene Fear: Gender and Age Differences
Authors: Gadbury-Amyot Cynthia C. , Williams Karen B.
Published: July 2019

Studies aimed at examining gender and age differences as they relate to dental anxiety have begun to appear in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to explore fear and anxiety in a dental hygiene setting and evaluate gender and age differences among four sub-scales of dental hygiene fear.

The Dental Hygiene Fear Survey (DHFS) was developed to address patient reaction to dental hygiene treatment. The University of Washington Dental Fears Model was the theoretical model used for it identifies four domains of dental fear: fear of specific stimuli, generalized anxiety, fear of catastrophe, and distrust.

Males and females respond differently to dental hygiene treatment with women reporting significantly (p<.05) greater fear overall than males. Examination of the four dental hygiene fear sub-scales show that females report greater fear (p<.05) in relation to specific fear and generalized anxiety. There were no significant differences across age categories on total fear scores or within any of the sub-scales.

Characterization of the dental hygiene fear patient along with knowledge of procedures that elicit anxiety can assist the practitioner in recognizing dental hygiene-related fear. With this foundation, the practitioner can then develop management strategies specific to this phenomenon.
Outcomes Assessment Survey to Determine Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Haisch Mary Ann
Published: July 2019

The dental healthcare marketplace is consumer driven. The astute practice manager monitors the effectiveness of patient care in terms of both the actual dental service rendered and the process used to deliver the service. One mechanism that can be helpful is the use of a patient satisfaction survey to determine the status of the relationship between the dental practice and patient's of record. This article presents a perspective on the importance of patient feedback as well as a sample survey form that may be useful to the practicing dental professional.
Odontogenic Keratocyst: The Northwestern USA Experience
Authors: Oda Dolphine , Rivera Valiente , Ghanee N. , Kenny E.A. , Dawson K.H.
Published: July 2019

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a cyst of tooth origin with an aggressive clinical behavior including a high recurrence rate. OKC demographics in the northwestern United States are presented and compared to those reported elsewhere. A total of 430 cases were obtained from 393 patients of the northwest region over a period of 15 years. Data evaluated included: site, gender, age, race, and association with bifid-rib basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). Site distribution of the northwest group was similar to that of international groups. For the northwest group, the most common lesion location was the body of the mandible. Gender distribution in the northwest group appeared similar to other reports made in Denmark, England, Japan, and other regions in the United States. However, when gender distribution was compared by decade of life, the northwest group had the largest cluster of males in the fourth decade and of females in the second decade. The greatest frequency in both genders occurred in the third decade. There were 18 of 258 (6.9%) male patients with OKC under age 10 in the northwest group and nearly 80% of the patients were Caucasian. The race factor is rarely described in other reports. Gorlin's syndrome was present in 5% of the patients, with a higher distribution in the first and second decades. In conclusion, this is the first report of OKC cases from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America.
Denture Hygiene: A Review and Update
Authors: Shay Kenneth
Published: July 2019

Growth in the aging population has resulted in an increasing number of older persons requiring dentures. The microporous surfaces of an acrylic denture provide a wide range of environments to support microorganisms that can threaten the health of a physically vulnerable patient. The maintenance of denture prostheses is important for the health of patients and to maintain an esthetic, odor-free appliance.

Mechanical, chemical, and a combination of mechanical and chemical strategies are available to patients to facilitate denture hygiene. Brushing is an ineffective method of denture disinfection. Household bleach or vinegar are effective as are the commercial, effervescent products sold for denture soaking. A new denture cleaner contains silicone polymer that provides a protective coating for dentures as a final step in the cleaning process. The coating helps to minimize the adhesion of accretions to the denture throughout the day until the next cleaning.

Dental professionals must have a current knowledge of denture cleansing strategies in order to maximize the service offered to denture patients.
The Role of the Dental Professional in Diabetes Care
Authors: Varon Frank , Mack-Shipman Lynn
Published: July 2019

Diabetes mellitus, specifically type 2 diabetes, is one of the major public health issues facing the world in the 21st Century. This article summarizes the rapid changes in the management of diabetes and its impact on dental practice. The reader will find many “hyperlinks” to other diabetes information on the Internet throughout this article as these links provide greater detail. The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased slowly, while that of type 2 diabetes has increased explosively. The worldwide incidence of type 2 is likely to double by the year 2010 due in large part to changing lifestyles, longer life expectancy, and rapid growth of ethnic and racial populations that have high prevalence rates. There are 15.7 million people or 5.9% of the population in the United States who have diabetes. While an estimated 10.3 million have been diagnosed, it is unfortunate that 5.4 million people are not aware they have the disease. Diabetic dental patient management strategies are presented. Dental professionals are urged to remain current in their knowledge of this disease in order to provide proper care for their patients.
Biofilm: A New View of Plaque
Authors: Overman Pamela R.
Published: July 2019

Dental researchers have attempted to understand the microbial nature of oral diseases over the past 120 years. Their view of plaque and its constituent microorganisms has shifted from a specific plaque hypothesis to a non-specific plaque hypothesis and back again to a theory of specific periodontal pathogens in plaque. Changes in the way plaque and its microorganisms are viewed affect the strategies used to prevent and control periodontal diseases. In recent years, dental researchers have begun to view plaque as a biofilm. This shifting view of plaque has important implications for future efforts in prevention and treatment. This article describes the various ways that dental professionals have viewed plaque throughout the years and highlights the current view of plaque as a biofilm and the ramifications for periodontal therapy.
Lingual Eruption of Mandibular Permanent Incisors: A Space Correlated Phenomenon?
Authors: Aminabadi Naser Asl , Farahani Ramin Mostofi Zadeh , Sohrabi Aydin , Pouralibaba Firuz
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution according to various arch length conditions of lingually erupted mandibular permanent incisors and the effect of space condition on this phenomenon with long-term follow-up of these teeth.

Methods and Materials

A total of 105 children aged 5-7.5 years with one or more permanent mandibular incisors erupting lingual to the corresponding primary incisors were included in the study. A space analysis was performed. The subjects were divided into six groups according to various space conditions. The subjects were followed for 2 years.

Results

In this study the prevalence of lingual eruption was 18.4%. Eighty-three point seven percent of the subjects had either equivalent space, mild space excess, or a space deficiency (not more than 3 mm). No relationship was found between groups and clinical outcomes (P>.05). Follow up of the main three groups (according to the space analysis results) revealed in the adequate space group 75% of the children lost their primary incisors without any intervention. Similar outcomes occurred in 85.7% and 57.14% of cases in the mild space excess and space deficiency groups, respectively. Considering the three main groups combined, equivalent space, mild space excess, and mild space deficiency, 70.45% of children lost their primary incisors without any intervention and 14.8% needed primary incisor extraction (17.4%, 14.3%, and 10.7% in each group, respectively).

Conclusion

There was no predisposition toward a space deficiency or excess found in these subjects so the wait-and-see policy versus early extraction can be considered for lingually erupting permanent mandibular incisors.

Clinical Significance

Lingual eruption of mandibular incisors is a common clinical problem in the early mixed dentition period that is a source of discomfort for parents of patients with this condition. The present study provides a unique insight into the prevalence of the problem as well as the clinical decisions such as favoring retention of primary incisors as long as possible, the extraction of these primary teeth, placement of lower lingual holding arches, or referral for comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These types of data should not be regarded as standards but as illustrative of several key factors that are still not well-understood or which are still ignored.

Citation

Aminabadi NA, Farahani RMZ, Sohrabi A, Pouralibaba F. Lingual Eruption of Mandibular Permanent Incisors: A Space Correlated Phenomenon? J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:025-032.
Effect of Different Pretreatment Methods on Dentin Bond Strength of a One-step Self-etch Adhesive
Authors: Karaman Emel , Yazici A. Rüya , Ertan Atila , Özgünaltay Güi , Dayangaç Berrin
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a one-step self-etch adhesive to dentin pretreated with phosphoric acid, air abrasion, or laser.

Methods and Materials

Fifty-six extracted non-carious human mandibular molars were mounted and the occlusal surfaces ground with a mechanical grinder to obtain flat occlusal dentin surfaces. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 14 teeth according to the different dentin surface pretreatment methods: Group I- Acid, Group II- Laser, Group III- Air abrasion, Group IV (Control)- No surface treatment. After applying a one-step self-etch adhesive system, Futura Bond NR, cylinders of Z250 composite resin were bonded to the dentin surfaces by transparent gelatin capsules (2.5 mm diameter; 3 mm high) and then polymerized. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Shear bond testing was carried out using an Universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/sec. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 0.05.

Results

The bond strength of air abrasion (Group III) and the control group (Group IV) were statistically higher than both the acid (Group I) and laser (Group II) pretreatments (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in shear bond strength between surfaces treated with air abrasion and the control group (p>0.05). Surfaces pretreated with laser (Group II) resulted in the lowest bond strength which was not statistically different from those pretreated with acid (Group I) (p>0.05).

Conclusion

Surfaces pretreated with acid and laser adversely affected the bond strength of a one-step selfetch adhesive, Futura Bond NR, while pretreatment with air abrasion had no effect on bond strength.

Clinical Significance

The pretreatment of dentin surfaces prior to self-etch adhesive seems to be unnecessary and defeats the original purpose of these systems.

Citation

Yazici AR, Karaman E, Ertan A, Özgünaltay G, Dayangaç B. Effect of Different Pretreatment Methods on Dentin Bond Strength of a One-step Self-etch Adhesive. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:041-048.
Surface Roughness and Enamel Loss with Two Microabrasion Techniques
Authors: Demarco Flávio Fernando , Meireles Sonia Saeger , de Almeida André Dárvi , Leida Ferdinan Luís , Bocangel Jorge Saldivar
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the surface roughness and enamel loss produced by two microabrasion techniques.

Methods and Materials

Bovine teeth were selected and an area was delimited for microabrasion techniques. Surface roughness was determined before and after treatment using a digital profilometer. Specimens were randomized to one of two acid treatments (n=10): 18% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pumice or 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and pumice. Acid treatments were applied using a wooden spatula for 5 seconds for a total of ten applications. Then, specimens were sectioned through the center of the demineralization area to obtain 80μm thick slices. The wear produced by the microabrasion techniques was evaluated using stereomicroscopy (40x). The greatest depth (μm) and the total surface area (μm2) of demineralization were measured using the Image Tool software (University of Texas Health Science, San Antonio, TX, USA). In addition, three specimens of each group were subjected to SEM analysis at different magnifications.

Results

The mean surface roughness was statistically lower for HCl than for H3PO4 (p<0.001). Deeper demineralization (p<0.003) and a larger total demineralization area was observed for HCl (p<0.005). Under SEM analysis H3PO4 showed a selective conditioning etching, while HCl exhibited a non-selective pattern.

Conclusions

Microabrasion using H3PO4 produced greater surface roughness but less demineralization than the microabrasion technique using HCl.

Clinical Significance

Both microabrasion techniques effectively remove the superficial enamel layer. However, the technique using H3PO4 was less aggressive, safer, and easier to perform.

Citation

Meireles SS, André DA, Leida FL, Bocangel JS, Demarco FF. Surface Roughness and Enamel Loss with Two Microabrasion Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:058-065.
Influence of Different Exposure Times Required to Stabilize Hardness Values of Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Cavalcante Larissa Maria , Pimenta Luiz André Freire , Silikas Nick , Valentino Thiago Assunção , Carlini-Jr. Bruno
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if Knoop hardness values (KHN) for top and bottom surfaces of resin composite materials can reach a plateau within a clinically acceptable photoactivation time.

Methods and Materials

Four light-curing units (LCUs) were evaluated in this study (n=5): QTH (Optilux501: 550 mW/cm2) and LEDs (FreeLight2: 1100 mW/cm2; UltraLume5: 900 mW/cm2; and Radii: 750 mW/cm2). Composite resin discs (4 mm × 2 mm) of Heliomolar (Ivoclar/Vivadent) and Herculite XRV (Kerr) were tested using five photoactivation times (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 seconds). KHN were obtained for each test specimen and comparisons between LCUs, depths, and photoactivation times were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression analysis.

Results

Data for Heliomolar discs using linear regression found a relationship between the independent variables KHN and time with the Optilux501 at the top and bottom surfaces (r2=0.68/ r2=0.66). Radii presented a linear regression at the top surface (r2=0.75) and a quadratic regression at the bottom (r2=0.94). A quadratic regression was also detected for UltraLume5 and FreeLight2 at both top (r2=0.84/ r2=0.94) and bottom surfaces (r2=0.97/ r2=0.90), respectively, reaching a plateau at 80 seconds in all cases. For Herculite XRV, a quadratic regression was observed for all LCUs at the top and bottom surfaces and 80 seconds irradiation time was needed to reach a plateau in KHN.

Conclusion

There is a specific, but not clinically acceptable, photoactivation time that KHN at both top and bottom surfaces can reach a plateau and is dependent on LCUs and the resin-composite tested.

Clinical Significance

The LCUs and the resin-composite formulation affected the exposure time required to stabilize hardness values. The overall performance of LED LCUs was better than the QTH LCU regardless of the material evaluated.

Citation

Cavalcante LM, Valentino TA, Carlini B Jr, Silikas N, Pimenta LAF. Influence of Different Exposure Times Required to Stabilize Hardness Values of Composite Resin Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:042-050.
The in vitro Antibacterial Effect of Iodine-potassium Iodide and Calcium Hydroxide in Infected Dentinal Tubules in Different Time Intervals
Authors: Kfir Anda , Lin Shaul , Laviv Amir , Sela Galit , Fuss Zvi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of iodine-potassium iodide (IKI) and calcium hydroxide (CH) on dentinal tubules infected with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) at different time intervals.

Methods and Materials

Hollow cylinders of bovine root dentin (n=45) were infected and divided into three equal groups filled with either IKI or CH and a positive control. After placing each medicament in the infected cylinders for time periods of 10 minutes, 48 hours and 7 days, microbiological samples were analyzed. At the end of each period, four 100 μm thick inner dentin layers (400 μm thick from each specimen) were removed using dental burs of increasing diameters. Dentin powder was cultured on agar plates to quantitatively assess their infection, expressed in colony forming units (cfu).

Results

In all layers of the positive control group, heavy bacterial infection was observed. After 10 minutes, IKI reduced the amount of viable bacteria more efficiently than CH, whereas at later time intervals CH showed the best results.

Conclusion

For short periods of exposure, IKI has a more efficient antibacterial effect in the dentinal tubules than CH but CH performs better after longer durations of exposure.

Clinical Significance

This research indicates the use of IKI is a better choice for disinfecting the root canal than CH if only a short duration of exposure is used because of its more efficient antibacterial effect. However, if a longer exposure time is used, then CH is a better choice because of its better disinfecting effect over time.

Citation

Lin S, Kfir A, Laviv A, Sela G, Fuss Z. The in vitro Antibacterial Effect of Iodine-potassium Iodide and Calcium Hydroxide in Infected Dentinal Tubules in Different Time Intervals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:059-066.
A Case Report of Pernicious Anemia and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Garcia Bruna Gonçalves , Cardoso Marcelo Ferreira Pinto , de Faria Omar , Gomez Ricardo Santiago
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this report is to present the management of a patient with pernicious anemia afflicted with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).

Background

RAS is one of the most common lesions of the oral mucosa. Although the exact etiology of RAS is still unknown different hematinic deficiencies have been proposed.

Case Report

Painful recurrent ulcers covered with a grayish pseudomembrane surrounded by an erythematous margin were identified on the tongue and in the buccal mucosa of a 71-year-old woman. The patient also presented with depapilation of the tongue. The clinical diagnosis was RAS. Laboratory tests including a hemogram were ordered to determine existing levels of folic acid, iron, ferritin, and vitamins B2, B6, and B12. Levels of serum vitamin B12 and serum hemoglobin were low. The laboratory investigation also showed a medium corpuscular volume of 104.1 fl. A gastroduodenoscopy revealed no macroscopic abnormality. A gastric biopsy showed mucosal atrophy in the gastric corpus with evidence of intestinal metaplasia. Antibodies against an intrinsic factor were negative. The diagnosis pernicious anemia was made, with RAS caused by vitamin B12 malabsorption. Treatment consisted of the administration of 1.0 ml of hydroxocolabamin intramuscularly twice weekly over four weeks followed by 1.0 ml once weekly for four weeks. Clinical resolution was observed after two months.

The association of RAS with vitamin B12 malabsorption is a rare event. However, along with conventional RAS clinical management, iron, folic acid, vitamin B deficiencies, and nutritional intolerance must be considered. Evaluation of the predisposing factors is imperative in treating patients with RAS including vitamin B12 malabsorption.

Clinical Significance

Determination of the levels of vitamin B12 should be the basis for replacement therapy. Such therapy can be considered a benefit to the patients with RAS as its etiology remains unclear. Clinicians must be alert to the possibility this lesion could be a signal of systemic disease.

Citation

Garcia BG, Cardoso MFP, Faria O, Gomez RS, Mesquita RA. A Case Report of Pernicious Anemia and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:083-089.
An Alternative Method for Flapless Implant Placement and an Immediate Provisional Crown: A Case Report
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Suarez Jose Carlos
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this case report is to present a description of bone mapping as an alternative method to determine the dimensions of bone prior to placement of a flapless implant and an immediate provisional crown.

Background

The use of a temporary removable partial denture (RPD) or “flipper” during healing following an extraction is not acceptable for some highly demanding patients. As a result, flapless implant placement is gaining popularity because it offers some advantages such as less bleeding, less swelling, and the protection of soft tissue contours.

Case Report

A 65-year-old woman missing a maxillary left lateral incisor was treated using flapless implant placement and an immediate provisional acrylic crown. Under local anesthesia, the bone anatomy was mapped by inserting a standard periodontal probe in the gingiva. By using the recorded measurements, the thickness of soft tissue was removed from the cast. A surgical guide based on this adjusted model was fabricated prior to surgery. The guide was seated on the teeth when actual surgery was performed to facilitate bone drilling and then the implant was placed. Utilizing the previously fabricated acrylic tooth index, the temporary acrylic crown was fabricated on the adjusted temporary metal abutment and delivered to the patient the same day.

In this case report the missing maxillary left lateral tooth was restored using flapless implant placement and an immediate provisional single crown. The dimension of the bone at the implant recipient area was determined by an alternative bone mapping method.

Clinical Significance

This case report suggests the use of flapless implant placement using the bone mapping method and immediate provisional crowns for single crowns when esthetics are a high priority and preserving ideal soft tissue contours and papillary heights are critical.

Citation

Turkyilmaz I, Suarez JC. An Alternative Method for Flapless Implant Placement and an Immediate Provisional Crown: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:089-095.
A Prospective Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Manual and Power Toothbrushes on Pre-existing Gingival Recessions
Authors: Dörfer Christof E. , Joerss Daniela , Wolff Diana
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate gingival recession changes after six months of brushing with an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush (PT) or an ADA reference manual toothbrush (MT).

Methods and Materials

Healthy subjects with pre-existing recession were assigned to brush with either a PT (n=55) or an ADA reference MT (n=54) according to a prospective randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel group design. Participants were asked to brush their teeth twice daily for two minutes each with the same fluoride toothpaste. Clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depths (PPDs) were measured at six sites per tooth to the nearest mm by one calibrated examiner at baseline and after six months. Gingival recession was calculated as the differences between clinical attachment loss and PPDs overall and separately at individual sites.

Results

As compared with baseline, overall recession at six months was reduced from 2.35 ± 0.35 mm to 1.98 ± 0.55 mm (p<0.001) in the PT group and from 2.26 ± 0.31 mm to 1.90 ± 0.45 mm (p<0.001) in the MT group. The data showed 40% (power) and 38% (manual) of all recession sites improved by at least 0.5 mm while 51% and 54% remained unchanged. Eight percent and 7% recessions increased over time. Differences between groups were not statistically significant at either timepoint.

Conclusion

Both the PT and the MT significantly reduced pre-existing gingival recession after six months of brushing. This may have been due to improved brushing technique (i.e., Hawthorne effect).

Clinical Significance

Based on these six-month data, concern that power tooth brushing results in a higher risk for gingival recession is not warranted.

Citation

Dörfer CE, Joerss D, Wolff D. A Prospective Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Manual and Power Toothbrushes on Pre-existing Gingival Recessions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:001-008.
Clinical Evaluation of Polyamide Polymer Burs for Selective Carious Dentin Removal
Authors: Kiran N.K.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the carious dentin removal efficacy of new rotary polyamide burs capable of selectively removing infected dentin without removing sound dentin.

Methods and Materials

This study included 40 subjects with bilateral occlusal carious lesions on mandibular first permanent molars. The lesions were randomly assigned to receive one restoration after carious dentin removal with a polymer bur and the second after removal of carious dentin with a carbon steel round bur. Both procedures were completed by a single operator in one appointment. The efficacy of caries removal, time taken for caries removal, and patients’ perception of the treatment were evaluated. The restorations were evaluated immediately and after six months using intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPA).

Results

The results revealed statistically significant differences between the polymer burs and carbon steel burs with respect to caries removal efficacy (p<0.001) and the time taken for caries removal (p<0.001). No statistically significant results were obtained regarding patients’ perception of the treatment and longevity of the restorations.

Conclusion

Carbon steel round burs remove caries lesions more efficiently than polymer burs but they tend to contribute to the over-preparation of the cavity. Polyamide burs were found to be self-limiting and lose their cutting efficiency on reaching affected dentin and do not cut sound dentin. The time required for caries removal using the polymer bur was significantly longer than when using a carbon steel round bur.

Clinical Significance

One of the goals of conservative dentistry is to develop a method for removing caries-infected dentin while preserving caries-unaffected dentin. The use of polymer burs appears to offer a straightforward and efficient means for achieving this goal and conserving healthy tooth structure.

Citation

Prabhakar A, Kiran NK. Clinical Evaluation of Polyamide Polymer Burs for Selective Carious Dentin Removal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:026-034.
Effect of Different Conditioning Protocols on the Adhesion of a Glass Ionomer Cement to Dentin
Authors: Majidinia Sara , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh , Bagheri Mahshid , Hajizadeh Hila , Namazikhah Mohammad Sadegh
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin.

Methods and Materials

Forty human third molar teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). The occlusal enamel was removed to obtain a flat surface of dentin. Each group was treated as follows: Group 1: 10% polyacrylic acid (positive control); Group 2: 37% phosphoric acid followed by 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 3: 1.1% APF gel; and Group 4: no conditioning (negative control). Fuji II LC glass ionomer was bonded to dentin using a cylindrical mold. Samples were thermocycled and debonded using a shear force with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (α = 0.05).

Results

The mean SBS in Groups 1 through 4 were 11.562±3.148, 8.060±1.781, 8.830±1.554, and 3.074±0.784 (MPa), respectively. There were significant differences in the SBS between Group 1 with other groups (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between Groups 2 and 3, but the SBS of both of them were significantly higher than that of Group 4 (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Although the dentin SBS of Fuji II LC after conditioning with APF and phosphoric acid followed by NaOCl was greater than the unconditioned group (Group 4), polyacrylic acid yielded the best result.

Clinical Significance

Proper conditioning of dentin is effective in promoting close adaptation of RMGIC to dentin.

Citation

Hajizadeh H, Ghavamnasiri M, Namazikhah MS, Majidinia S, Bagheri M. Effect of Different Conditioning Protocols on the Adhesion of a Glass Ionomer Cement to Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:009-016.
Stem Cells: Therapeutic Potential in Dentistry
Authors: Demarco Flávio Fernando , de Almeida André Dárvi , Nedel Fernanda , de Oliveira Isabel Oliveira , Cordeiro Mabel M. , Casagrande Luciano , Tarquinio Sandra Beatriz Chaves , Nor Jacques Eduardo
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this paper is to present a review and discussion of the current status of stem cell research with regard to tooth generation.

Background

Stem cells have been isolated from the pulp tissue of both deciduous and permanent teeth as well as from the periodontal ligament. Dental pulp stem cells demonstrate the capacity to form a dentin pulp-like complex in immunocompromised mice. A tooth-like structure was successfully formed, using a heterogeneous mixture of dental enamel epithelium, pulp mesenchymal cells, and scaffolds.

Conclusion

The scientific community understands the need for more investigations to completely understand the conditions that would best favor the creation of a tooth substitute. Recent gains in the understanding of the molecular regulation of tooth morphogenesis, stem cell biology, and biotechnology offers the opportunity to realize this goal.

Clinical Significance

These findings, combined with the recent progress in stem cell research and tissue engineering, might allow the development of alternatives for current materials and therapies used to treat tooth tissue loss (e.g., enamel, dentin, pulp), reconstruct dentoalveolar and craniofacial bone defects, and eventually replace an entire tooth.

Citation

Nedel F, André DA, Oliveira IO, Cordeiro MM, Casagrande L, Tarquinio SBC, Nor JE, Demarco FF. Stem Cells: Therapeutic Potential in Dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:090-096.
Maxillary Sinus Findings in the Elderly: A Panoramic Radiographic Study
Authors: Pai Keerthilatha M. , Mathew Anuna Laila , Sholapurkar Amar A.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of maxillary sinus findings in elderly subjects above the age of 50 through the use of panoramic radiography and to test the hypothesis that such findings are more prevalent in dentate subjects.

Methods and Materials

A total of 105 subjects over the age of 50 years were examined both clinically and radiographically in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of the Manipal College of Dental Sciences in Manipal, India, over a period of three months for various reasons. Eight were excluded due to the lack of diagnostic quality of their radiographs. The manually calculated kappa test was used to determine the statistical significance of intra-examiner reliability. The other data were analyzed using a manually calculated z-test for proportions where z ≥ 1.96 or p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The prevalence of radiographic maxillary sinus findings in 97 elderly subjects (aged above 50 years) were investigated with the use of panoramic radiography. Fifty subjects had at least one natural tooth radiographically in the upper jaw and 39 subjects were radiographically edentulous in the upper jaw. Mucous cysts or diffused mucosal thickenings were found in 42.26% of the subjects. Of the mucosal thickenings, 74.35% were found in subjects with a dentate upper jaw (p<0.05). The prevalence of a mucous cyst was 2.06% in subjects with a dentate upper jaw and a finding of no mucous cysts in edentulous subjects suggests an odontogenic cause.

Conclusions

According to the findings of the present study, the presence of mucosal thickening or mucosal cysts may be due to the presence of irritative stimuli, often an infection of dental origin, as these findings are more prevalent in dentulous subjects.

Clinical Significance

The panoramic radiograph is an excellent diagnostic tool for the identification of mucosal thickening and mucosal cysts. The accurate diagnosis of infective foci (chronic apical periodontitis, deep pockets caused by periodontitis) is necessary, because in conditions of decreased host resistance it may lead to acute sinusitis.

Citation

Mathew AL, Sholapurkar AA, Pai KM. Maxillary Sinus Findings in the Elderly: A Panoramic Radiographic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Nov; 10(6):041-048. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume10-issue6-mathew.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of In-Office Dental Bleaching with or without Light Activation
Authors: Alomari Qasem , Daraa Ehsan El
Published: July 2019

Aim

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of four in-office dental bleaching methods on shade change, color stability, patient satisfaction and postoperative sensitivity.

Methods and Materials

Forty patients were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) according to the method of in-office bleaching used: Group A—35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); Group B—35% HP plus BriteSmile and a blue curing light; Group C—35% HP plus QuickSmile and an LED curing light; Group D—35% HP and a Zoom2 metal halide curing light. For all groups, there was only one session of bleaching with three 20-minute applications of bleaching gel. The shade was evaluated before bleaching, immediately after, and one month after treatment using a VITA Classical Shade Guide.

Results

Immediately after bleaching there was a significant difference in color change between the four groups, with Group B having the best results. At one month there was no difference between the four groups. Immediate postoperative sensitivity was the least in Group A and the highest for Group B. Patients in Group B were the most satisfied with the outcome of the bleaching procedure.

Conclusions

In general, the use of different lights for activation of an in-office bleaching agent did not affect the long-term results. Tooth sensitivity was mild and transient in the study. Patients were satisfied with in-office bleaching.

Clinical Significance

Using light activation with in-office bleaching seems to increase the efficacy of treatment only for a short period of time.

Citation

Alomari Q, Daraa EE. A Randomized Clinical Trial of In-Office Dental Bleaching with or without Light Activation. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 Jan; 11(1):017-024. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11- issue1-alomari.
Evaluation of Nonsyndromic Multiple Supernumerary Teeth Using Three-Dimensional Computerized Tomography: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Wen-Mei , Wang Xiang , Wang Tie-Mei
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aims of this report are to present a case of nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth and a discussion of the value of three-dimensional computerized tomography (3D CT) for precise radiographic imaging of the anomaly.

Background

Multiple supernumerary teeth without any associated syndromes are very rare. Exact radiographic presentations with an associated diagnosis of nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth have not been well published.

Report

A young Chinese female patient presented with asymmetrical nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth in the premolar and molar regions of her mouth. A 3D CT was used to evaluate the exact location and orientation of these teeth and to guide the treatment strategy.

The use of 3D CT for the evaluation of supernumerary teeth proved to be very useful in determining their size, location, and state of development, as well as their impact on adjacent teeth and tissues in a 15-year-old patient.

Clinical Significance

The 3D CT is a very useful radiological tool to assess nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth.

Citation

Wang W, Wang X, Wang, T. Evaluation of Nonsyndromic Multiple Supernumerary Teeth Using Three-Dimensional Computerized Tomography: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 Jan; 11(1):081-087. Available from: http://www. thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11-issue1-wang.
Use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper™ as a Hemostatic Agent: A Clinical Experience
Authors: Baykul Timuçin , Alanoglu E. Guchan , Kocer Gulperi
Published: July 2019

Aim

To determine the efficacy of the topical application of Ankaferd Blood Stopper™ (ABS) on hemorrhagic diathesis following dental procedures under different conditions.

Background

Some patients have a tendency to bleed excessively after dental surgery for a variety of reasons, making oral surgical procedures more risky for these patients.1 Since hemorrhage can cause major morbidity and mortality, the identification of a novel, effective hemostatic agent could improve the management of excessive bleeding that occurs during dental procedures.

Case Descriptions

Four patients (3 females, 1 male) aged 28–45 with bleeding tendencies due to different presurgical conditions such as von Willebrand Disease, chronic liver failure, and mitral valve replacement presented for tooth extraction. Hematological consultations were obtained prior to surgical intervention and their international normalized (INR) ratio values were adjusted to less than 1.5; none received clotting factor replacement. All the extractions were performed under local anesthesia with and without epinephrine. In the presence of postsurgical bleeding, the efficacy of the ampule form of topical ABS was observed. Sex, age, anamnesis, von Willebrand Factor, activated partial thromboplastin time, factor VIII, and platelet counts of patients were recorded prior to the extractions.

Conclusions

ABS was found to be effective within 10 to 20 minutes in controlling bleeding in most of the patients after dental surgery. These observations suggest the use of ABS may be a beneficial hemostatic agent for use in patients with hemorrhagic diathesis following tooth extraction. Additional research is needed to clarify the role of this unique medicinal product in the surgical treatment of dental patients with bleeding tendency.

Clinical Significance

ABS has demonstrated potential for being an effective hemostatic agent for the treatment of excessive bleeding following dental surgery in four patients with hemorrhagic diathesis.

Citation

Baykul T, Alanoglu EG, Kocer G. Use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper™ as a Hemostatic Agent: A Clinical Experience. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 Jan; 11(1):088-094. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue1-baykul.