bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Integration and Primary versus Secondary Murder
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Measures of Durkheim's concept of social integration were not correlated with rates of primary and secondary murder over the 48 continental states of America in 1973.
Locus of Control, Task Difficulty, and Their Interaction with Employees' Attitudes
Authors: Gul Ferdinand A. , Tsui Judy , Mia Lokman
Published: August 2011

Using 64 middle-level managers of a large company as subjects, this study investigated the interacting effects on employees' attitudes of locus of control, a personality variable, and task difficulty, a situational variable. The results of a 2 × 2 analysis of variance provided evidence to support the notion that locus of control interacted with task difficulty to affect employees' attitudes.
Comparison of Infants' Reunion with Fathers and Mothers
Authors: Bailey William T.
Published: August 2011

Each of 30 infants was observed during reunion with the father or mother in a nonstressful living room setting. Infants responded to reunion with fathers with an intense, brief display of socioemotional behavior toward them; reunion with mothers resulted in a more diffuse display. The findings suggest that, under nonstressful circumstances, infants behave in qualitatively different ways during reunion with fathers and mothers.
Multiple Personality: Self-Rape
Authors: Beer Denise , Beer John , Beer Joe
Published: August 2011

Multiple personality disorder is the classification given a person for whom two or more distinct personalities are diagnosed. The personalities can be different and vary in character from aggressive to submissive (victimized). The victim alters can be abused and abuse or mutilate self to relieve anxiety or guilt (deserving punishment) or to exert control. Alters may provide a means of expressing anger or other feelings. Aggression towards the body may be sexually oriented, so one may ask whether aggression could make self-rape possible. If so, such expression of self-injuries may be observed in a person with multiple personality as when one alter may injure another. Clinical case material is presented on this concept for a woman who had been formally diagnosed with multiple personality disorder.
Internal Reliability and Convergent Validity of the Depression-Happiness Scale with the General Health Questionnaire in an Employed Adult Sample
Authors: Walsh Julie , Joseph Stephen , Lewis Christopher Alan
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the internal reliability and convergent validity of the 1993 McGreal and Joseph Depression-Happiness Scale. Internal reliability was satisfactory and higher scores on the scale were associated with lower scores of 60 working adults on the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg and Williams.
Training Effects of One Academic Year on Instructional Values of Ma Students in Confluent Education and Counseling Psychology
Authors: Shapiro Stewart B.
Published: August 2011

Scores on Affective Bias and Personal Growth Orientation for 15 MA students in Confluent Education increased over a year's training and were significantly different from those of 15 students in Counseling Psychology.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Symptoms Related to Depression in Elderly Persons
Authors: Isoaho Raimo , Laippala Pekka , Keistinen Timo , Kivelä Sirkka-Liisa
Published: August 2011

In a community study, 61 men and 21 women with mild to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were compared with age- and sex-matched controls (183 men and 63 women) to identify and analyze the associations between the occurrence of COPD and depressive symptoms, the occurrence of previous or current psychiatric disorders, the use of psychiatric drugs, and satisfaction with one's marital relationship. In men, no associations between COPD and the above factors were found. More women with COPD than controls reported feelings of dissatisfaction with life. The female patients also tended to be less satisfied with their marital relationship than the controls. Multivariate analysis showed that this disease in women was associated with disability (odds ratio 3.25, 95% confidence interval 1.17–9.06), feelings of dissatisfaction with life (odds ratio 3.56, 95% confidence interval 1.23–10.34), and low satisfaction with one's marital relationship (odds ratio 3.23, 95% confidence interval 1.10–9.47). These results seem to suggest that elderly female patients with COPD have more mental health problems than male patients and these will require more attention from the primary care providers.
Attachment Anxiety and Reciprocity as Moderators of Interpersonal Attraction
Authors: Sperling Michael B. , Borgaro Susan
Published: August 2011

In integrating the interpersonal domains of attraction, perceived reciprocity, and attachment security, the prediction was made that positive interpersonal feedback (reciprocity) would lead to a greater increase in attraction ratings for anxiously versus securely attached individuals and, correspondingly, negative interpersonal feedback would cause a greater diminution in attraction ratings for anxiously versus securely attached individuals, with neutral feedback having no differential effect. For a sample of 154 college students, these predictions as well as an unanticipated gender finding were supported. The findings and clinical implications concerning the susceptibility of anxiously attached individuals to positive interpersonal cues are discussed in terms of a compromised sense of the availability and responsiveness of attachment figures.
Birth Order and Family Size: Influences on Adolescents' Achievement and Related Parenting Behaviors
Authors: Sputa Cheryl L. , Paulson Sharon E.
Published: August 2011

The purposes of this study were to confirm birth-order and family-size differences in achievement, to confirm birth-order and family-size differences in parenting, and to examine whether parenting style and parental involvement serve as mediators of birth-order and family-size differences in achievement. Subjects were 195 ninth-grade boys and girls and their parents from urban, suburban, and rural communities in the southeast and the midwest. Questionnaire measures of adolescents' and parents' perceptions of parenting style and parental involvement were used. Birth-order and family-size differences were found in adolescents' achievement and perceptions of parenting style and parental involvement but not in parents' perceptions of parenting. However, these parenting characteristics did not mediate the differences seen in achievement by birth order and family size. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Knowledge of Basic Emotions in Adolescent and Adult Individuals with Autism
Authors: Muris Peter , Meesters Cor , Merckelbach Harald , Lomme Miranda
Published: August 2011

An experiment was carried out in which 30 adolescent and adult patients with autism and 30 age- and IQ-matched Down syndrome patients were instructed to choose one of the chocolates that were hanging near four pictures displaying facial expressions of basic emotions (fear, anger, happiness, and sadness). As predicted, most of the Down syndrome patients took the chocolate near the happy face picture. Unexpectedly, however, autistic patients made more responses to the fearful face picture. Also, Down syndrome patients were more capable of naming the four basic emotions than autistic patients.
Influence of Participative Decision-Making on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of School Principals
Authors: Knoop Robert
Published: August 2011

163 school administrators were surveyed to examine the relationships among participative decision-making, over-all job satisfaction, facet job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. All associations among these variables were positive, significant, and meaningful. The findings were discussed in light of recent organizational practices toward a more decentralized management approach, characterized by empowerment of lower-level employees and increased use of teamwork.
Some Selected Psychological and Social Characteristics of Veteran Psychiatric Inpatients without Stable Housing
Authors: Thompson James P. , Thornby John , Boeringa J. Alexander , Lewis Fred
Published: August 2011

In this study were compared scores on selected MMPI subscales and demographic variables from 58 veterans with stable housing and 54 veterans without stable housing. Both groups were selected from the same inpatient psychiatric treatment program at the Houston VA Medical Center. The MMPI was administered and a number of demographic variables were collected from patients' archival computerized records. Comparison of MMPI scores indicated that patients without housing had marginally significantly higher scores on the clinical research subscale PD4A (Social Alienation). They were also significantly less likely to be married or employed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that, when multiple predictors were considered, marital status was the only significant risk factor for absence of stable housing. Results underscore the relevance of social services to treatment, discharge, and rehabilitation planning when working with veterans without stable housing.
Factors Correlated with Adolescents' Use of Crack in Public Schools
Authors: Yarnold Barbara M. , Patterson Valerie
Published: August 2011

This study was undertaken to evaluate factors correlated with crack use by 479 adolescents in 1992 in Dade County, Florida public schools. Based upon self-reports, after application of the Bonferroni correction, only two variables were related to crack use, i.e., having friends who use crack and living alone.
Purpose in Life, Boredom, and Volunteerism in a Group of Retirees
Authors: Weinstein Lawrence , Xie Xiaolin , Cleanthous Charalambos C.
Published: August 2011

In a pilot study of 40 retirees, those who volunteered more than 10 hours per week scored significantly higher on the Purpose In Life test than those who volunteered 10 or fewer hours per week A significant negative correlation of –.75 was obtained between scores on purpose in life and boredom proneness.
Assessing Daily Problems with Diabetes: A Subject-Oriented Approach to Compliance
Authors: Duran Gabriele , Herschbach Peter , Waadt Sabine , Strian Friedrich , Zettler Angela
Published: August 2011

The reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of a new self-report questionnaire, the Questionnaire on Stress in Diabetic Patients, were assessed in a sample of 617 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The 90-item inventory is designed to assess psychosocial stress associated with problems in daily living with diabetes. One of the intended uses is to identify psychosocial factors hampering patient compliance with the necessary treatment regimen. Values of Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. The results provide initial evidence for the reliability and validity of the instrument.
Jewish Affiliation in Relation to Suicide Rates
Authors: Bailey William T. , Stein Lawrence B.
Published: August 2011

Jewish doctrine proscribes the taking of one's life, an admonishment which is apparently adhered to in the USA. A significant negative correlation (–.26) was found between 50 states' proportionate Jewish population and their suicide rates.
A New Measure of Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Martin Matthew M. , Rubin Rebecca B.
Published: August 2011

This paper contains a description of a scale to measure cognitive flexibility. In Study 1, 247 participants completed the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, the Communication Flexibility Scale, and the Rigidity of Attitudes Regarding Personal Habits Scale. In Study 2, 275 participants completed the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, the Interaction Involvement Scale, the Self-monitoring Scale, and the Unwillingness to Communicate Scale. Analysis showed the Cognitive Flexibility Scale to be internally reliable and supported its construct and concurrent validity.
Factors Related to Loneliness
Authors: Barretta Diane , Dantzler Debbie , Kayson Wesley
Published: August 2011

To examine the relations of sex, age, and alcohol with loneliness, 294 subjects completed the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, a 20-item rating scale which measures satisfaction and dissatisfaction with current social relationships. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance of the loneliness scores indicated a significant main effect for age, with older subjects rating loneliness higher than younger subjects. There was also a significant interaction between age and alcohol use Older subjects who reported consuming alcohol on more days also rated loneliness higher whereas younger subjects who reported consuming alcohol on more days were least lonely.
Susceptibility to Salespersons' Influence and Consumers' Shopping Orientations
Authors: Goff Brent G. , Walters David L.
Published: August 2011

Realizing the scarcity of research into consumers' susceptibility to salespersons' influence, this concept is developed as a general personality trait and unidimensional construct. Its associations with the two primary shopping orientations, recreational and economic, were explored. Analysis indicates that, while consumers' susceptibility to salespersons' influence and recreational shopping appear to be related, no such evidence emerged for economic shopping. These findings, as well as their various implications for marketing strategy and adaptive retail selling, are discussed.
Further Validation of the Self-Defeating Personality Scale
Authors: McCutcheon Lynn E.
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 51 women and 35 men those who scored higher on the Self-defeating Personality Scale reported having “dropped out” of useful activities more often and scored as less assertive on the Assertiveness Self-report Inventory. Women were more likely than men to report having experienced at least one self-defeating relationship. Attempts to replicate gender differences reported earlier were partially successful. The results provide additional validation for the Self-defeating Personality Scale.
Recollection of Trusting and Nontrusting Behaviors in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Zak Ann
Published: August 2011

Data from 60 heterosexual couples indicated that recalling trusting behaviors increased trust in an intimate partner, whereas recalling nontrusting actions decreased trust.
Comparison of Undergraduates with Older Adults on Love Styles and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Yancey George B. , Eastman Raymond L.
Published: August 2011

In a previous study, sex differences were noted in the correlation of 215 undergraduates' ratings on Lee's love styles and their ratings on their satisfaction with life, work, and personal relationships. For example, game-playing love was positively related to life satisfaction for the 42 undergraduate men but was negatively related to life satisfaction for the 98 undergraduate women. In the current study, 215 adults over the age of 29 years were surveyed to examine whether the previous differences between the sexes held up in an older sample. Values for the older sample of 215 were similar to those for the 98 undergraduate women but not for the 42 undergraduate men. For example, game-playing love was negatively related to life satisfaction for both the 130 older women and the 85 older men.
Response to Sputa and Paulson's “Birth Order and Family Size: Influences on Adolescents' Achievement and Related Parenting Behaviors”
Authors: Nystul Michael S.
Published: August 2011

Lack of several controls in work by Sputa and Paulson limits the interpretability of some interesting information regarding influence of birth order and family size on children's achievement and on parenting behaviors.
Correlations of Selected Cognitive Styles with Cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game
Authors: Lopez Linda C.
Published: August 2011

Measures of internality-externality, reflection-impulsivity, field dependence-independence, and cognitive complexity were administered to 96 subjects. Each subject also played an 84-trial prisoner's dilemma game. Against 3 different counterbalanced strategies, a correlation of .19 was obtained for field dependence and cooperation under the 25% cooperative treatment condition and .21 for times to match familiar figures and cooperation under the 75% cooperative treatment condition.
Adaptation to Homelessness: Self-Actualization, Loneliness, and Depression in Street Homeless Men
Authors: Sumerlin John R.
Published: August 2011

Adaptation to homelessness was investigated in a sample of 145 street homeless men using loneliness and depression scales and the construct of self-actualization. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation of a matrix of correlations of measures on the history of being homeless, demographic data, scores on loneliness and depression scales, and self-actualization measures gave a 3-factor model of adjustment: adaptive striving, detachment, and adaptive resources. Maslow's and Sullivan's contention that satisfying interpersonal relationships are common pathways to mental health was affirmed.
Preconditions for Sensitivity in Measuring Change: Visual Analogue Scales Compared to Rating Scales in a Likert Format
Authors: Pfennings Lilian , Cohen Leo , van der Ploeg Henk
Published: August 2011

In a study of preconditions of responsiveness, we examined the variances obtained by two different ways of responding to questionnaire items. Subjects were 168 first-year medical students. They all completed a questionnaire of nine items. The original Liken-like scoring was (partially) replaced by visual analogue scoring in three quarters of the questionnaires. For three items the analogue form had a significantly greater variance than the discrete form, but no discrete item had a significantly greater variance than its analogue counterpart. Assuming that a greater variance was indicative for a greater responsiveness, our findings provide some support for the preferred use of analogue scales over discrete response categories in the measurement of changes over time.
Aging and Sense of Control
Authors: Shapiro Deane H. , Sandman Curt A. , Grossman Michael , Grossman Barbara
Published: August 2011

Three groups representing different phases of the developmental lifecycle—12 senior citizens, 67 young adults, and 14 healthy middle-aged normal adults—were assessed using a multidimensional control inventory. Senior citizens had a healthy over-all sense of control comparable to those of the other two groups and a significantly lower (healthier) negative sense of control. They also were significantly more likely to endorse acceptance as a way of addressing areas of concern and to complement self as a source of control with a sense of control coming from others (including God, belief in a higher power).
Psychometric Properties of the Hebrew Version of the Francis Attitude toward Computers Scale
Authors: Evans Thomas E. , Katz Yaacov J. , Francis Leslie J.
Published: August 2011

The Francis Attitude Toward Computers Scale was originally developed in the United Kingdom to operationalise the affective domain of attitude toward computers The present study gives a description of the development of the Hebrew language translation of this instrument among a sample of 339 undergraduate students in Israel The data support the psychometric properties of the Hebrew version of this instrument.
Use of Smokeless Tobacco by Mexican-American High School Students
Authors: Lopez Linda C. , Hamlin Penelope A.
Published: August 2011

A survey of 208 girls and 191 boys attending a public high school in southwestern New Mexico was conducted to examine students' use of smokeless tobacco products. One Mexican-American girl identified herself as a user of chewing tobacco. Of the boys 8% (17) indicated that they used chewing tobacco and 7% (15) reported that they dipped snuff. 6% (12) indicated use of both snuff and chewing tobacco. The boys included 152 Mexican-Americans of whom 7% used smokeless tobacco and 26 Anglo-Americans of whom 34% were users.
An Ego-Psychological Approach to the Rorschach
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

This presentation is an extension and amplification of the ego-psychological assessment of Rorschach data initiated in 1946 by Rapaport, Gill, and Schafer whose focus was on the quality of the perception of reality and the assessment of defence. A more contemporary view of ego psychology not only includes an expanded view of defence but also of the nature of self- and object representations and the nature of object relations. An assessment of the synthesizing function of the ego was also discussed. The present purpose was to present a comprehensive assessment of Rorschach data from the point of view of contemporary ego psychology.
Questionnaire Format Bias: When are Juxtaposed Scales Appropriate: A Call for Further Research
Authors: Hunt David Marshall , Magruder Scott , Bolon Don S.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the use of juxtaposed scales, a type of self-report response scale used to study numerous attitudinal and behavioral concepts. This research is an extension of the exploratory work on the bias associated with juxtaposed scales begun by Hunt and Miller in 1983. Findings support the hypothesis that juxtaposed scales will elicit different responses than separate scales. When are these differences explicit and when are they an unwanted bias? Results and attendant discussion and recommendations are used to call attention to the importance of planning for the method bias which can be created by the use of juxtaposed scales.
Men's Preferences in Romantic Partners: Obesity vs Addiction
Authors: Sitton Sarah , Blanchard Sharon
Published: August 2011

Fewer men responded to a personal advertisement in which a woman identified herself as obese than to one in which she indicated a history of drug addiction. The men who responded to the two advertisements also disclosed their own obesity or addiction.
Family Life Satisfaction, Age, Length of Residency: Predicting Alcohol and Cigarette Use among Korean Adolescents in Australia
Authors: Hong Sung-Mook , Faedda Salvatora
Published: August 2011

A total of 203 Korean adolescent students, ages 14 to 18 years, participated in the present study designed to investigate the predictive value of adolescent scores on the Adolescent Family Life Satisfaction Index relative to those of parents and siblings, their length of residency in Australia, and age on alcohol and cigarette use. For boys, age was the only significant predictor of both alcohol and cigarette use. However, for girls three variables were identified as significant predictors of alcohol use, Parent-related Life Satisfaction, age, and length of residency in Australia accounting for 26.11% of the total variance. Two variables, Parent-related Life Satisfaction and length of residency in Australia, were significant predictors of cigarette use for girls, explaining 21.96% of the total variance. Results were discussed in terms of the different relationships between scores on the Adolescent Family Life Satisfaction Index and alcohol and cigarette use for adolescent boys and girls.
Prevalence of Procrastination among Samples of Adults
Authors: Harriott Jesse , Ferrari Joseph R.
Published: August 2011

At four public meetings, 122 women and 89 men ( M age = 47.6 yr.) completed measures of Decisional, Avoidant, and Arousal Procrastination. About 20% of respondents (42 adults) claimed to be chronic procrastinators, with highest rates of all three procrastination types reported by members of the community (public) groups ( n = 64) compared to professional ( n = 54), business ( n = 59), and educational ( n = 34) employees. Respondents who had been married, i.e., separated, divorced, widowed, reported higher rates of procrastination (independent of number of children) than adults who were currently married or never married. Respondents with high-school education or less reported higher rates of decisional procrastination than individuals with college or postcollege educations.
Comment on “Jewish Affiliation in Relation to Suicide Rates”
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The percentage of Jewish adherents in the states of America in 1980 was associated negatively with the suicide rate even after controls for other social variables.
Effects of a Group Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy Program on the Type a Behavior Pattern
Authors: Möuller André T. , Botha Hein C.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 44 male Type A insurance representatives, selected by means of the Videotaped Structured Interview, were randomly assigned to a treatment ( n = 22) and a delayed treatment control group ( n = 22). The treatment group participated in 9 weekly sessions of group Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy and were followed up after 10 weeks. After the control period, the delayed treatment control group received the same treatment program. Repeated measurements were obtained by means of the Videotaped Structured Interview, Jenkins Activity Survey, Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, and Type A Cognitive Questionnaire. Self and spouse/friend ratings of Type A behavior were obtained by means of the Bortner Rating Scale. Analysis indicated that, compared to the control condition, the therapy significantly reduced the intensity of Type A behavior and its time urgency component. These improvements were maintained at follow-up and were accompanied by self-reports of significant positive changes in Type A behavior and irrational beliefs.
Stress, Coping, and Social Support in Hypothetically Psychosis-Prone Subjects
Authors: Schuldberg David , Karwacki Stephanie B. , Burns G. Leonard
Published: August 2011

This paper examined stress processes in hypothetically psychosis-prone individuals. Subjects scoring high on Perceptual Aberration/Magical Ideation (Per-Mag subjects), Anhedonia, and low-scoring control subjects were compared for scores on Hassles and Uplifts, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies, emotions in two stressful situations, and on perceived social support. The groups differed in their experiences of minor life events and Secondary Appraisal but not in Primary Appraisal or emotions. There were notable differences in coping patterns and perceptions of social support. Per-Mag subjects contrasted with controls in using more coping by Escape-avoidance and Accepting responsibility, and reported less social support. Anhedonic subjects differed in their experience of minor life events and coped less through Positive reappraisal and Seeking social support. Per-Mag subjects are mainly distinguished by their coping processes. Anhedonic subjects are also sensitive to the incidence of minor life events. The results indicate that risk factors, stress, and coping interact in the absence of mental disorder.
Presence and Perceived Attitudes of other Family Members in the Home as They Relate to Employees' Job Satisfaction
Authors: Bergmann Thomas J. , Grahn Joyce , Hannaford William J. , Wenner James F.
Published: August 2011

Professional employees' job satisfaction and its relationship to the employees' family relations provide the focus of this study. Specifically, the study examined the presence and the perceived attitudes of other family members in the home and their relationship to the employees' job satisfaction. A national sample of 362 nurses completed a questionnaire measuring employees' job satisfaction, satisfaction with their ability to discuss positive aspects of work at home, the presence of family members in the home, and selected demographic characteristics. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses. The covariates were age, education, sex, organization experience, and employment status (hours of employment); and the dependent variables were five factors of job satisfaction generated through principal component analysis. Analysis indicated that both the employees' satisfaction with ability to discuss positive work accomplishments and the presence of a nonadult family member are related to the employees' job satisfaction. Areas of research to elucidate the relationship are identified.
Birth-Year Preferences of Quantum Physicists
Authors: Richardson Norman
Published: August 2011

Verhulst and Onghena's (1996) report of a near 7-year rhythm in the birth-year distribution for the founders of quantum mechanics is discussed. The suggested human preference for cooperation with persons in the same phase interval was not found in an undifferentiated sample of Nobel prize-winning physicists.
Responses to Bortner's Scale and the Eight Basic Emotions by Patients with Acute Coronary Heart Disease at Hospital Admission and Discharge
Authors: ČAtipović-Veselica Katija , Ilakovac Vesna , ĐUrjančEk Josip , AmidžIć Vjekoslav , Burić Dinko , Kozmar Damir , Juranić Brankica
Published: August 2011

We examined the prevalence of Type A behavior indicated on Bonner's scale and the Emotion Profiles of Plutchik in 190 patients, 134 men and 56 women ( M age = 50 yr., SD = 9) with acute coronary heart disease at hospital admission and discharge. Type A classification was significantly more common for patients with acute coronary heart disease (75.5% versus 65%) than for the control group. Pa-dents with acute coronary heart disease scored lower on Distrust and Dyscontrolled than the control group. Patients with unstable angina had significantly higher mean scores on Bortner's scale than patients with acute myocardial infarction and recurrent myocardial infarction at hospital discharge. Patients with recurrent myocardial infarction scored lower on Distrust and higher on Timid than patients with unstable angina at hospital admission and discharge. This research suggests that Type A behavior and some emotions are associated with acute coronary heart disease. There was a difference in scores on the Emotions Profiles and scores on Type A behavior in relation to type of acute coronary heart disease. The addition of counseling for Type A behavior to standard cardiac counseling was suggested for reduction in scores on Type A behavior.
Decision-Making under Risk: Effect of Complexity on Performance
Authors: Bruce A. C. , Johnson J. E. V.
Published: August 2011

This paper examined the effect of complexity on performance in decision-making under risk employing a database of 1161 randomly sampled betting decisions made during 1987 in offcourse horserace betting offices situated throughout the UK. The setting for the study is characterised by important ecological advantages over laboratory or alternative naturalistic settings. Complexity is defined in terms of both the number of alternatives in the decision-maker's choice set (number of horses in a race) and the complexity of the set of attributes for each horserace (handicap vs nonhandicap races). Performance was not adversely affected by an increase in the number of alternatives and only to a limited extent by an increase in attribute-based complexity. The robustness of the results is reinforced by adjustments which acknowledge and control for the differential random chance of correct decision-making across groups of events with differing complexity.
Social Desirability in the Assessment of Trauma
Authors: Brunet Alain , Boucher Caroline , Boyer Richard
Published: August 2011

Since admitting distress is often considered undesirable, the role of social desirability as a moderator variable in the assessment of traumatic events scores, on the PTSD Interview, and diagnosis was investigated. A sample of 342 city bus drivers were grouped by their lifetime exposure to trauma (nonexposed, stressful but nontraumatic event, traumatic event). Analyses replicate and extend findings from the literature on life events: social desirability plays a marginal role as a moderator variable in the assessment of trauma.
Associations among Rock Music Videos, Locus of Control, and Aggression
Authors: Wann Daniel L. , Wilson Anthony M.
Published: August 2011

This study tested the prediction that 28 subjects with scores indicating an external locus of control would have heightened scores on aggression after exposure to excerpts of aggressive music videos. The results did not confirm the hypothesis.
Psychology of Computer Use: XL. Addictive Use of the Internet: A Case That Breaks the Stereotype
Authors: Young Kimberly S.
Published: August 2011

This case involves a homemaker 43 years of age who is addicted to using the Internet. This case was selected as it demonstrates that a nontechnologically oriented woman with a reportedly content home life and no prior addiction or psychiatric history abused the Internet which resulted in significant impairment to her family life. This paper defines addictive use of the Internet, outlines the subject's progression of addictive on-line use, and discusses the implications of such addictive behavior on the new market of Internet consumers.
Further Comments on Psoriasis and Personality Disorders
Authors: Rubino I. Alex , Zanna Valeria
Published: August 2011

Fukunishi and Berger have recently criticized a paper on psoriasis by Rubino, Sonnino, Pezzarossa, Ciani, and Bassi. Their criticisms are analyzed and further data are presented, showing significantly higher frequencies of elevated scores on personality scales in patients with psoriasis, also when another dermatologic disfiguring condition (chronic urticaria) is taken as control.
Clients' Functioning and Need for Case Management
Authors: Muzekari Louis H. , Mattix Gail N.
Published: August 2011

This paper describes the transition and reorganization of a Community Support Service, previously functioning as a traditional management program with high caseloads. Through the development and use of a tier system, based on functioning, clients were provided service commensurate with need.
Rational and Intuitive Styles: Commensurability across Respondents' Characteristics
Authors: Taggart W. M. , Valenzi Enzo , Zalka Lori , Lowe Kevin B.
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to examine differences in responses to the six rational/intuitive scales of the Personal Style Inventory in relation to gender, age, ethnic group, birth country, occupation, and industry. Data were collected from 495 participants in training programs in Australia, England, New Zealand, and the United States. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated no differences among groups on the six scales which then are not sensitive to the characteristics so separate norming scores are not indicated. Lack of differences between sexes contrasts with the finding that women score more intuitive than men on other style assessment tools. Findings are not, however, consistent. And, since characteristics other than gender may show similar disparate results, further study of rational-intuitive commensurability is needed.
Comparison of the Role of Mexican-American and Euro-American Family Members in the Socialization of Children
Authors: Lopez Linda C. , Hamilton Minami
Published: August 2011

To compare the involvement of Mexican-American and Euro-American family members in the socialization of children self-reports of their own socialization were collected from 663 university students. The sample was comprised of 109 Euro-American and 100 Mexican-American men as well as 215 Euro-American and 239 Mexican-American women. Mexican-American women included bathing them, playing with them, and befriending them among their mothers' contributions to their rearing more frequently than did non-Hispanic women. More Euro-American women than Hispanic women reported their fathers “took care of them.” Euro-American men listed disciplining them, reading to them, and helping them with homework among the activities their mothers participated in more than did Mexican-American men.
Sexual Assault and Body Esteem
Authors: Kulkoski Kelly , Kilian Catherine
Published: August 2011

Past studies indicate that sexual assault is negatively associated with victims' general self-esteem, but little is known about how the experience affects body esteem. We hypothesized that sexual assault would have a long-term negative association with measures of both general self-esteem and body esteem. Participants were 76 women, ages 18 to 45 years, 13 of whom had been sexually assaulted at least one year previously. Analysis supported the hypothesis that the sexually assaulted women scored lower than nonassaulted women on Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale but not on the Body Esteem Scale. When individual body-attitude items were analyzed, the assaulted women's negative ratings of sexual activities fell just short of significance, so further and longitudinal study of a larger group is needed.
Concurrent Validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
Authors: Rust James O. , Yates Amy G.
Published: August 2011

For 67 children (6–12 years) IQs on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III and on the scores of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children correlated between .27 and .68.
Stress of Secondary School Teachers in Transkei, South Africa
Authors: Mwamwenda T. S. , Monyooe L. A. , Glencross M. J.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore self-reported stress experienced by secondary school teachers in Transkei, South Africa using a local unstandardized scale. Contrary to the literature on western teachers, an average rating of stress of 93.5 was reported by the 134 teachers, and no differences were noted between the 66 men and 68 women.
Psychology of Computer Use: XLV. Cognitive Spontaneity as a Correlate of Computer Anxiety and Attitudes toward Computer Use
Authors: Bozionelos Nicholas
Published: August 2011

The relationship of cognitive spontaneity with measures of computer anxiety and attitudes toward computer use was investigated in a sample of 178 individuals attending advanced courses in management. As expected, a significant negative relationship between cognitive spontaneity and computer anxiety was found. The relationship remained significant even with statistical control for computer experience. The relationship between cognitive spontaneity and attitudes toward computer use was positive but not significant. The results imply both a direct and an indirect relationship between cognitive spontaneity and computer anxiety. Further, the results support the suggestion that computer anxiety and attitudes toward computer use are related but distinct constructs.
Group Intervention with Second Graders at Risk for Behavioral Problems: A Pilot Study
Authors: Castillo Sara C. , Holmes George R. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Gardner Kathy
Published: August 2011

A 7-session-group intervention with four successfully adapting children and two with emerging behavior problems was conducted. Pre-posttest data showed reductions in teachers' ratings of externalizing behavior for each of the target children.
Further Evidence for the Construct Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Steer Robert A. , Ball Roberta , Ranieri William F. , Beck Aaron T.
Published: August 2011

To provide further information about the construct validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II the inventory was administered to 210 psychiatric outpatients along with Derogatis' SCL-90-R. As hypothesized, the Beck Depression Inventory-II was more positively correlated with scores on the Depression subscale ( r = .89) than it was with scores on the Anxiety subscale of the SCL-90-R ( r = .71).
Changes in Scores on Alexithymia over a Period of Psychiatric Treatment
Authors: Fukunishi Isao , Kikuchi Michiko , Takubo Mariko
Published: August 2011

We examined changes in alexithymia over a period of psychiatric treatment. Scores on a measure of alexithymia construct (affect awareness but not externally oriented thinking) decreased significantly after psychiatric treatment, suggesting that alexithymia or affect awareness for patients with psychiatric disorders or psychosocial problems is a state reaction rather than a personality trait. As for an association of reactions to stress with alexithymia, a group on high extrapunitiveness demonstrated significant decrease in scores on affect awareness compared to a group on low extrapunitiveness both before and after psychiatric treatment.
Emotional Control in Adulthood
Authors: McConatha Jasmin Tahmaseb , Leone Frances Marshall , Armstrong Jill M.
Published: August 2011

Although it is widely believed that emotions vary with age, there is a dearth of information on emotional experiences in later adulthood. Several researchers think that older adults experience less emotional intensity than younger people while others have suggested that aging is accompanied by a decrease in positive affect and an increase in negative emotions. Sex similarities and differences in emotionality have also been documented. This study focuses on age and sex similarities and differences in emotional control. Three hundred and twenty seven men and women aged 19 to 92 years were administered two emotion measures. The results support previous research which suggests that the control of emotions increases with age. In evaluating sex differences in emotional control, women scored as more emotionally expressive than men, a finding which is consistent with previous research. Results are discussed in relation to socioemotional selectivity theory.
Rorschach Responses of Police Applicants
Authors: Zacker Joseph
Published: August 2011

Rorschach responses of 53 police applicants yielded information about their perceptual, cognitive, and ideational characteristics not obtained from personality inventories. Many applicants manifested personality characteristics, evident on the Rorschach only, that might reduce their ability to protect and serve the public. These findings add to the potential value of the Rorschach in selection of employees and argue against complacency about reliance upon personality inventories for screening out applicants.
A Subordinate's Experience and Prior Feedback as Determinants of Participation in Performance Appraisal Reviews
Authors: Greller Martin M. , Jackson John H.
Published: August 2011

Students took part in two experiments in which simulated performance appraisal reviews were conducted to test whether such reviews could be made participative when the evaluation was negative; and, if so, whether the effects would be constructive. 56 advanced undergraduate business students participated in the first study, in which the manager's and the employee's perceptions of feedback were manipulated as was the amount of the employee's job experience. The resulting participation and reaction to the review were measured. In the second experiment ( N = 33) students' perceptions of performance were again manipulated, but a training intervention was used to increase participation in half the reviews. Less participation occurred when the subordinate had prior negative feedback from the job and where the manager's evaluation was inconsistent with previous feedback. Experience was a strong moderator of these effects. In both experiments participation had a positive effect. The results are interpreted in terms of the subordinate's needs in the appraisal review.
A Critique of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and its Operationalization of Carl Jung's Psychological Types
Authors: Barbuto John E.
Published: August 2011

Personality, as represented by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and its interpretative literature as a means of understanding behavior, is critically analyzed. Specifically, the dichotomous nature of the indices is criticized as is its operationalization of Jung's psychological types. This paper argues that Jung's stated intentions for understanding individual behavior suggest that personality variables exist in various levels of consciousness and unconsciousness which require study to consider the proportions with which each exists. The paper also considers a reconstruction of the measure of Jung's psychological types and reconsideration of the descriptions and characteristics of each personality function measured.
Defining Verbal Abuse of Children: A Survey
Authors: Schaefer Charles
Published: August 2011

120 women and 31 men, mental health professionals and parents, rated 18 categories of parental verbalizations on acceptability in childrearing. There was general agreement (80%) that 10 categories of verbal behavior were never acceptable.
Patterns of Utilization of Medical Care and Perceptions of the Relationship between Doctor and Patient with Chronic Illness Including Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Twemlow Stuart W. , Coyne Lolafaye , Bradshaw Samuel L. , Lerma Barbara H.
Published: August 2011

To what extent do personal constructs affect the relationship between doctor and patient when the ill patient does not readily recover with treatment? Questionnaires were returned anonymously by 609 patients with a self-reported diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome, who were considered chronically ill. Findings were compared with those of an earlier study of a population of 397 general medical patients. The chronically ill patients lost an average of 65 days of work per year due to illness compared to general medical patients who missed six or fewer days per year because they were ill. The chronically ill patients also reported a 66% higher frequency of iatrogenic illness, spent more money on health care, took more medication, saw more specialists, and were more litigious than the general medical population. Research suggested several patterns of relationships between doctors and patients, and attitudes to health and illness, which may alert doctors to patients' perceptions, beliefs, encoded constructs, and patterns of relating that affect responses to treatment. More attention by doctors to patients who are experiencing the stress of chronic illness is indicated.
Generalization and Maintenance of Treatment Gains Using Self-Management Procedures with Behaviorally Disordered Adolescents
Authors: Gregory Kayne M. , Kehle Thomas J. , McLoughlin Caven S.
Published: August 2011

Using reversal design (A-B-A-B) we investigated the effectiveness of self-management strategies to reduce disruptive, off-task behavior for three students from a self-contained classroom for behaviorally disordered students. Two were boys (ages 13 yr., 2 mo. and 14 yr., 4 mo.) and one a girl (age 13 yr., 3 mo.). The study investigated the maintenance and generalizability of treatment gains in a regular education setting. Parallel changes of self-concept influenced by the self-management procedures were also measured. Results strongly support that self-management techniques reduce off-task behavior, generalize to regular education settings, and help maintain treatment gains. Also, behavioral self-concept was markedly improved to within normal limits with the implementation of self-management procedures.
Cross-Cultural Applicability of Contextual Family Therapy: Iranian and American College Students' Perceptions of Familial and Peer Relationships
Authors: Shokouhi-Behnam Shiriank , Chambliss Catherine A. , Caruso Kathy A.
Published: August 2011

To examine the applicability of Contextual Family Therapy to non-western populations, a measure of the theory's central constructs of Trust/Justice, Loyalty, and Entitlement (the Relational Ethics Scale), was administered to a sample of 50 Iranian and 51 American college students studying in the same U.S. schools. The Iranian students reported significantly more vertical constructs (Familial) Trust/Justice and Entitlement, while the American students reported more horizontal (Closest Friend) Trust/Justice and Loyalty constructs in relationships. Finally, the women (25 of each nationality) in the sample, regardless of nationality, reported significantly greater Loyalty in their horizontal relationships than did men.
Comment on “Catholicism and Indices of Social Pathology in the States”
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Although some indices of social pathology were associated with the proportion of Roman Catholics in the states in a 1980 data set, these associations were confounded by the association of the proportion of Roman Catholics with the proportion of Jews and the urban/wealth characteristics of the states.
National Character and Personal Savings
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: August 2011

For 14 industrialized nations in 1960, the household savings rate was positively associated with indices of national character, positively with neuroticism and negatively with extraversion.