bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Biology and Clinical Implications of PCSK7
Authors: Sachan Vatsal , Susan-Resiga Delia , Lam Kalista , Seidah Nabil G
Published: December 2024

Discovered in 1996, PCSK7 is the seventh of the 9-membered proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin (PCSK) family. This article reviews the various aspects of the multifaceted biology of PCSK7 and what makes it an exciting new target for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting ∼30% of the population globally, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and likely cancer/metastasis. We will systematically review and discuss all the available epidemiological data, and structural, cell biology, and in vivo evidence that eventually led to the discovery of PCSK7 as a novel post-translational regulator of apolipoprotein B. Interestingly, PCSK7 is the only convertase, other than PCSK9, that exhibits noncanonical/nonenzymatic functions, which will be amply described in this review. The data so far have suggested that PCSK7 is a potential safe target in MASLD treatment. This was based on human epidemiological data, as well as mouse Pcsk7 knockout and mRNA translation inhibition using hepatocyte-targeted antisense oligonucleotides following a diet-induced MASLD. Additionally, of all the 9 convertases only the gene deletion of Pcsk7 and/or Pcsk9 in mice leads to healthy and fertile animals with no apparent deleterious consequences, suggesting that their pharmacological targeting is likely safe. Accordingly, the synergistic effects of inhibiting both PCSK7 and PCSK9 in a clinical setting may represent a novel therapy for various diseases. We believe that the current surge in oligonucleotide therapy, with many Food and Drug Administration–approved oligonucleotide-based drugs now available in clinics, and the urgent need for novel MASLD therapeutics present an opportune moment for this timely review article.
Limited partners persistence as the key to predictive performance in venture capital
Authors: Franco Abreu Neto José Carlos , Saito Richard
Published: December 2024

This paper provides evidence supporting an alternative predictor for performance in venture capital (VC) - limited partner (LP) Persistence, rather than using the well-known previous fund performance. This offers empirical validation for several theories related to LP persistence, where investors reinvest in both previous and current funds managed by the same general partner (GP). Moreover, using a novel identification strategy, we apply Network Theory to identify persistent LPs, which enhances the robustness of the predictive results. Lastly, we observe a concave relationship between performance and the quantity of LPs reinvesting in follow-on funds, suggesting diminishing returns associated with the addition of new LPs.
Device engineering of organic and organic-inorganic solar cells
Authors: Κρασσάς Μύρων
Published: December 2024

Τα οργανικά φωτοβολταϊκά θεωρούνται μια πολλά υποσχόμενη τεχνολογία μεταξύ των ηλιακών τεχνολογιών της τρίτης γενιάς. Ένα μεγάλο μειονέκτημα του οργανικού φωτοβολταϊκού κελιού είναι το μικρό μήκος διάχυσης του εξιτονίου και η υψηλή ενέργεια σύνδεσής του. Έτσι, τα πρώτα δύο έργα βασίζονται στην ενσωμάτωση ενός τρίτου συστατικού στο φωτοενεργό στρώμα, προκειμένου να αυξηθεί ο αριθμός των διαχωρισμένων εξιτονίων. Η παρουσία του τρίτου υλικού οδήγησε σε αύξηση του ρεύματος και κατά συνέπεια στην ενίσχυση της απόδοσης της φωτοβολταϊκής συσκευής. Στο δεύτερο μέρος, σε συνεργασία με άλλο εργαστήριο, παρουσιάζεται η μελέτη πολυμερών χαμηλού ενεργειακού χάσματος. Τα οργανικά φωτοβολταϊκά απορροφούν στο ορατό φως του ηλιακού φάσματος, αφήνοντας ανεκμετάλλευτη το κοντινό φάσμα της υπέρυθρης ακτινοβολίας. Τα πολυμερή μικρού ενεργειακού χάσματος, αν και έχουν μικρές αποδόσεις, μπορούν να προστεθούν στο φωτοενεργό στρώμα της φωτοβολταϊκής συσκευής και να λειτουργήσουν ως δεύτερος απορροφητής. Το αποτέλεσμα θα είναι μια αύξηση του φάσματος απορρόφησης πέραν του ορατού φάσματος, στην υπέρυθρη περιοχή, η οποία θα οδηγήσει σε ενίσχυση του ρεύματος και τελικά της απόδοσης της συσκευής. Στο τελευταίο μέρος, μελετήθηκε η σταθερότητα δύο διαφορετικών πολυμερών, P3HT και PCDTBT, δύο πολύ γνωστά πολυμερή στον κόσμο των οργανικών φωτοβολταϊκών. Και οι δύο συνεργασίες αποσκοπούσαν στη μελέτη της επίδρασης που έχουν οι ιδιότητες του πολυμερούς, η δομή της συσκευής (ανεστραμμένη / συμβατική δομή και ρυθμιστικά στρώματα) και η διαδικασία ενθυλάκωσης, στη σταθερότητα και τη διάρκεια ζωής της συσκευής, και χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως καθοδήγηση για την κατασκευή σταθερών οργανικών φωτοβολταϊκών συσκευών με βάση αυτά τα δύο πολυμερή.
Standardising transanal irrigation via decision guides
Authors: Kumar Shaila
Published: December 2024

Transanal irrigation (TAI) is a potential treatment option for patients with functional bowel symptoms who have not responded to conservative measures. This overview discusses the physiological mechanisms of TAI, indications, contraindications and the range of available devices. It emphasises the importance of patient assessment and education for successful implementation. Clinical experience and research indicate that TAI has a 50% success rate in managing constipation, comparable to pharmacological interventions. However, long-term adherence is a challenge, with less than 50% of patients continuing TAI after 1 year. Despite this, TAI offers a minimally invasive, self-administered approach that can significantly improve bowel evacuation and alleviate debilitating symptoms associated with functional bowel symptoms. Regular training sessions for practitioners are recommended to ensure up-to-date knowledge and best practice.
‘One big warm smile’
Authors: Vollans Caroline
Published: December 2024

What one project is doing in a deprived area of London to support mothers in poverty and crisis. By Caroline Vollans
Babies outside
Authors: Weinstein Nicole
Published: December 2024

What equipment and resources help provide developmentally appropriate experiences for babies outdoors, asks Nicole Weinstein
Safe and happy
Authors: Yates David
Published: December 2024

How dialogue and a strong relationship between one child, his key person and parents resulted in multiple benefits for all concerned at a setting in Sheffield. By David Yates
Developing the right skills
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: December 2024

With rising numbers of children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), what training is available to meet their needs in the early years? Karen Hart reports
market view: NEW SCORES
Authors: Turner Leah
Published: December 2024

Leah Turner, co-founder of Owen Froebel, which offers day nursery brokerage, valuations and sales, on changes to Ofsted gradings and the impact on the day nursery market.
Plugged in
Authors: Joines Fiona
Published: December 2024

Technology has an important role to play in the early years, explains Fiona Joines in the first part of this four part series
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli in Broiler Farms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Or Phirum , Boonyayatra Sukolrat ,   Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA, Punyapornwithaya Veerasak ,   Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Awaiwanont Nattakarn ,   Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Published: December 2024

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) is a serious public health issue. ESBL E. coli in broiler production is known as potential risk for humans. This study aims to estimate the global pooled prevalence of ESBL E. coli in broiler farms. Literature searches were done via PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochrans’s Q test and I squared statistic (I2). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression was conducted to investigate the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were performed. Overall, 872 and 18 additional studies were retrieved from databases and bibliography searches. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence of ESBL E. coli in broiler farms was 26.6% (95% CI = 18.2 to 37.3) and revealed high heterogeneity (Q = 1958.87 and I2 = 98.2%). The pooled prevalence of ESBL E. coli in broiler farms was almost identical between Asia; 33.0% (95% CI = 18.7 to 51.3) and Europe; 32.8% (95% CI = 15.0 to 57.4), while Africa showed the lowest at 12.4% (95% CI = 5.1 to 27.1). Prevalence of ESBL E. coli was found highest in fecal sources; 33.0% (95% CI = 21.5 to 46.8) followed by environmental sources; 28.3% (95% CI = 13.5 to 50.1) and other sources; 11.0% (95% CI = 5.0 to 22.8). Results from our study indicated moderate prevalence of ESBL E. coli in broiler farms globally and it has been fluctuating inconsistently in the last decade.
Scientific Literatures on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Research in Ruminant Products: A Bibliometric Study of Evolution and Current Trends
Authors:   Graduate Program in Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University Under the CMU Presidential Scholarship, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Fitriyah Nursaadah Syahro ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Oluodo Lukman Abiola ,   Graduate Program in Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University Under the CMU Presidential Scholarship, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Outreach Department, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Benin City 1069, Nigeria., Hnokaew Patipan ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Umsook Siriporn ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Tanukarn Tanakorn ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kueamanee Wiphawan ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Thirawong Prayad ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Khamlor Trisadee ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Yammuen-Art Saowaluck ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to analyze the trends in ruminant products research (beef, goat, lamb, and milk) research, particularly conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) using intellectual and conceptual structures in bibliometric analysis. This study was conducted due to limited bibliometric articles despite the ongoing interest in the field. Data was extracted from the Scopus database and visualized using VOSviewer and the bibliometrix R package. The analysis was conducted on 2725 articles published between 2014-2024. The results indicate a decrease in the annual growth of publication in CLA research on ruminant products. Despite this decline, certain key journals persist in their role as primary references for CLA in ruminant products. The analysis revealed predominant topics such as fatty acids, meat quality, and biohydrogenation. However, certain emerging topics, including the application of particular feedstuffs and feed additives to boost fatty acids and CLA levels, have not been thoroughly investigated.
Sero-prevalence and PCR identification of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle at Mymensingh district of Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Rafe-Ush-Shan Saad Muhammad , Begum Ruhena ,   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Roy Milton ,   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Islam Muhammad Mujahidul ,   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Hossain Hemayet ,   Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Chowdhury Md. Shahidur Rahman ,   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Uddin Md. Bashir ,   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Rahman Md. Mahfujur ,   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Hossain Md. Mukter ,   Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
Published: December 2024

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary, an infectious viral disease of cattle causing substantial economic losses due to skin damage and decreased animal production. This study aimed to determine the serological prevalence and molecular detection of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) from cattle in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh with assessment of risk factors. A total of 200 samples consists of whole blood (184), tissue (10) and pus (6) were collected from three different Upazilas of Mymensingh and tested using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The DNA was extracted from whole blood using a DNA extraction kit and kept at -20°C until further analysis. Extracted DNA was used in a PCR test to detect lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Overall, the sero-prevalence of LSD among cattle in Mymensingh was 28.26% (52/184) (CI: 19.36-38.61). Fulbaria Upazilas showed the highest prevalence of 30% (24/80) compared to Mymensingh Sadar 24% (12/50) and Muktagacha 29.63% (16/54). Moreover, the risk of getting LSD infection was lower among cross breed (OR=0.27, CI: -0.1-0.75) and female animals (OR=0.39, CI: -0.15-1.03). Furthermore, freely grazing animal 29.17% (CI: 12.61-51.09) and young group 72.73% (CI: 39.03-93.98) of animal showed risk in having lumpy skin disease. LSD virus was detected in the sero-positive blood sample (100%), tissue sample (90%), and pus/edema fluid discovered (83.33%) after amplification of a 192 bp DNA fragment. The findings of this study will be helpful in creating efficient methods for identifying and managing LSD in Bangladesh and avoiding the financial losses connected with dairy production.
Motility degradation rate, plasma membrane integrity, and kinematics during cryopreservation of boar (Sus scrofa domesticus) spermatozoa in different freezing extenders and thawing temperatures
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte 6521-A Philippines, Peña Jr. Santiago T. , Ymas Bianca Therese P. ,   Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte 6521-A Philippines, Janier Mark Edd B. ,   Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte 6521-A Philippines
Published: December 2024

Despite the very limited use of frozen-thawed semen (FTS) in pig artificial insemination, FTS in some instances can be truly beneficial as it is not constrained by time (shelf-life) and space (regional quarantine) restrictions unlike fresh-extended semen (FES). It also allows long-term banking of highly valuable genetics particularly during epidemics. This study compares existing and currently available freezing extenders used in boar semen cryopreservation aimed to optimize protocols useful for in-country local swine industry with special focus on the motility degradation rate (MDR), and plasma membrane structural (percent live) and functional (HOST reactive) integrity. Treatment samples from ten freezing runs using five different sperm-rich fractions were frozen using three different cooling/freezing extenders (CE/FE): A) LEYGE, B) BF5, and C) Cryoguard (~500 x 106 spz/mL) in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor, thawed either at ~38°C or ~50°C for 20 sec, and examined using the Sperm Class Analyzer® CASA system. LEYGE had significantly the highest MDR from about 50% reduction post-thawing to 70% one hour thereafter. Cryoguard consistently had the lowest MDR although closely similar to BF5. There was a minimal effect on the plasma membrane functional integrity and was primarily limited to LEYGE and BF5. A fertility trial is recommended to attest the performance of FTS vs FES in terms of conception rates and the litter size following post-cervical AI before full-scale production and potential adoption by the breeder swine industry.
Assessment of growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following dietary Tinospora cordifolia root and stem powder supplementation
Authors:   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Al Basrah 61001, Iraq, Ridha Zahraa Mohammed ,   Veterinary Hospital Karbala, Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Al Basrah 61001, Iraq, Al-Niaeem Khalidah Salim ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Al Basrah 61001, Iraq, Ahmed Arafat Rajab ,   Marine Science Centre. The University of Basrah, Al Basrah 61001, Iraq
Published: December 2024

There is a growing concern regarding the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. The main problem is related to the increase of resistance to antibiotics by pathogenic bacteria. Medicinal plants can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to enhance fish health in general, but their usage is still limited. This paper aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) as a feed supplement and its effect on growth indices, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed on T. cordifolia root (R) and stem (S) powder for 8 weeks at two levels (4 and 6 g kg⁻1) and the experimental diets were labeled as 4R, 6R, 4S, and 6S, respectively. The outcome of the present study demonstrates that fish fed on T. cordifolia at 6 g kg⁻1 had significantly enhanced growth performance and blood biochemical indices. Furthermore, there was a significant elevation in the total bacterial count and lactic acid bacteria. In contrast, the level of blood glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with T. cordifolia supplementation. The present study shows that T. cordifolia significantly promotes weight gain and feed utilization efficiency, the intestinal microbiota, and the general health of C. carpio, suggesting that it can serve as a natural alternative to antibiotics for fish in aquaculture enterprises.
Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2 in secondary injury after cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yi Fan , Wu Hao , Zhao Hai-Kang
Published: December 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common severe emergency in neurosurgery, causing tremendous economic pressure on families and society and devastating effects on patients both physically and psychologically, especially among patients with poor functional outcomes. ICH is often accompanied by decreased consciousness and limb dysfunction. This seriously affects patients’ ability to live independently. Although rapid advances in neurosurgery have greatly improved patient survival, there remains insufficient evidence that surgical treatment significantly improves long-term outcomes. With in-depth pathophysiological studies after ICH, increasing evidence has shown that secondary injury after ICH is related to long-term prognosis and that the key to secondary injury is various immune-mediated neuroinflammatory reactions after ICH. In basic and clinical studies of various systemic inflammatory diseases, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2 (TREM-1/2), and the TREM receptor family is closely related to the inflammatory response. Various inflammatory diseases can be upregulated and downregulated through receptor intervention. How the TREM receptor functions after ICH, the types of results from intervention, and whether the outcomes can improve secondary brain injury and the long-term prognosis of patients are unknown. An analysis of relevant research results from basic and clinical trials revealed that the inhibition of TREM-1 and the activation of TREM-2 can alleviate the neuroinflammatory immune response, significantly improve the long-term prognosis of neurological function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and thus improve the ability of patients to live independently.
Pulmonary artery stent thrombosis and symptomatic pulmonary hypertension following COVID-19 infection in Alagille patient: A case report
Authors: Izhakian Shimon , Korlansky Miriam , Rosengarten Dror , Bruckheimer Elchanan , Kramer Mordechai Reuven
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Alagille syndrome is a multisystem disease that results in various vascular anomalies, commonly involving the cardiac and pulmonary systems. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature regarding the cardiovascular outcomes of these patients in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

CASE SUMMARY

A 34-year-old woman with a history of Alagille syndrome who underwent successful atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary veins and patent ductus arteriosus repair, as well as left pulmonary artery catheterization and stenting in childhood due to pulmonary stenosis. The patient was without any respiratory symptoms and was a dancer prior to contracting COVID-19. Several weeks after her COVID-19 infection, she developed left pulmonary artery stent thrombosis and subsequent symptomatic pulmonary hypertension. A treatment strategy of anticoagulation alongside pharmacological agents for pulmonary hypertension for 3 months followed by balloon pulmonary artery angioplasty to reopen the stenosis was unsuccessful.

CONCLUSION

In the era of COVID-19, patients with pulmonary vascular malformations and endovascular stents are at an increased risk for chronic thromboembolic disease. Patients may benefit from prophylactic antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy. Stent thrombosis is a devastating phenomenon and should be treated urgently and aggressively with balloon pulmonary angioplasty, and/or a thrombolytic agent.
Steady shear flow behavior of commercial dark chocolates at different
temperatures
Authors: Lee Jun Ho
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the rheological properties of
commercial dark chocolates with high cocoa content (86%, 95%, and 100%) at
different temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). The pH
values ranged from 6.14 to 6.47, the soluble solids content ranged from 0.64 to
1.34 (°Brix), and the moisture content ranged from 1.29% to 1.66% (wb).
No significant differences were observed between the samples with 86% and 95%
cocoa content in terms of all color coordinate values
(p>0.05). However, samples with 100% cocoa content
exhibited significantly higher coordinate values for L*, a*, and b*
(p<0.05). The molten chocolate was found to exhibit
non-Newtonian fluid behavior, following the Herschel-Bulkley model, with flow
behavior index (n) values ranging from 0.83 to 0.89, indicating pseudoplastic
behavior. The yield limit (σy) decreased as
the cocoa content increased at the same temperature, and decreased as the
temperature increased within the same sample. An Arrhenius-type relationship was
used to correlate the consistency coefficient (K) to temperature. The activation
energy (Ea) values exhibited a positive correlation
with cocoa content, ranging from 32.54 to 39.64 kJ/mol.
Antioxidant, whitening and anti-obesity effects of red-fleshed
pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract
Authors: Lee Rina , Lee Jeongmin , Lee Hyeonju , Oh Myunghyup
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the antioxidant, whitening, and anti-obesity properties
of red-fleshed pitaya extracts. We aimed to increase the financial value of
red-fleshed pitaya and demonstrate its potential as a functional food material
in the future. Flesh and peel extracts were obtained using 70% ethanol and water
extraction conditions. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (ABTS
and DPPH radical scavenging activity) for each extract were measured, and the
70% ethanol peel extract had the highest total polyphenol content and
antioxidant activity. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity was used to
measure the whitening effect, with the water flesh extract being the most
effective. To investigate the anti-obesity effect, a 3T3-L1 preadipocyte
differentiation experiment was performed at a non-cytotoxic concentration using
70% ethanol and water flesh extracts. In comparison to the control, the water
flesh extract showed a substantial decrease in lipid accumulation in a
dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activity of the 70% ethanol pitaya peel
extracts and the whitening and anti-obesity effects of the water flesh extracts
are expected to make pitaya a highly valuable functional food ingredient.
Changes in cyanogenic glycoside content of maesil (Prunus
mume) and its chung with ripening after harvest
Authors: Jang Chaemin , Lee Jihyun , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the yellowing phenomenon of maesil (Prunus
mume), changes in organic acid (OA), and cyanogenic glycoside
(CN-Glc) contents during post-harvest ripening, and the potential use of ripened
maesil as raw material for CN-Glc-reduced maesil chungs. Ripening conditions
were as follows: 5℃ for Ripening I, 20–22℃ with 50–60% RH for Ripening II,
20–22℃ with 50–60% RH after ultrasonic washing of maesil for Ripening II-US, and
35℃ and 80–90% RH for Ripening III. Yellowing did not occur in maesil under
Ripening I even after 7 days, but was observed after 7 days of Ripening II and
Ripening II-US, and after 3 days under Ripening III. The OA content slightly
decreased under all ripening conditions, while CN-Glc content significantly
decreased, with ripening under all ripening conditions, with Ripening II and
Ripening II-US being the most effective at reducing CN-Glc levels. In maesil
chungs prepared from ripened maesil CN-Glc content was significantly lower than
that of those made with untreated maesil. These results demonstrate that
ripening under the conditions tested in this study significantly reduces CN-Glc
content in maesil with minimal reduction in OA content, enabling the preparation
of CN-Glc-reduced processed maesil products.
Production of enzyme food using buckwheat leaves and sea
tangle
Authors: Kim Sung Hoon , Kim Seung Tae , Kim Sung Huo , Lee Myung-heon , Lee Jung-sun , Park Sung Hoon
Published: December 2024

The polyphenol content of common buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat, buckwheat leaves,
sea tangle, sea mustard ears, and fusiformis were analyzed. Among these,
buckwheat leaves exhibited the highest polyphenol content. Hot water extraction
followed by treatment with plantase enzyme increased the polyphenol yield by 56%
for buckwheat leaves and by 34% for sea tangle. Cytotoxicity test performed on
3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes for seaweeds and buckwheat leaves revealed no significant
cytotoxic effects compared to that of the control group at 1 mg/mL.
Additionally, when examining the effects of buckwheat leaf and sea tangle
extracts on the pre-adipocytes differentiation, into adipocytes confirmed that
buckwheat leaf extract inhibited fat differentiation at 10 mg/mL and sea tangle
at 0.1 mg/mL. Buckwheat/sea tangle enzyme food had 6.5 times higher amylase
activity, 27 times higher protease activity, and more than twice as high dietary
fiber, polyphenol, and DPPH scavenging ability as brown rice enzyme foods.
Buckwheat/sea tangle enzyme-supplemented food contained more than 30% more
phlorotannins and 7.8% more alginic acid than brown rice enzyme-supplemented
food.
Effect of starch addition and type on the characteristics of
extruded products of floury rice power
Authors: Lee Eunchong , Jang Chaemin , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of starch addition and type on the
characteristics of extruded products of floury rice powder (FRP). Native
starches from waxy, normal, and high-amylose corn, wheat, tapioca, and potatoes
were used. Each starch replaced 30% of the dry weight of FRP. FRP and FRP-starch
mixtures were extruded using a twin screw extruder at 19–20% moisture content,
18 Hz screw speed, and barrel temperature of 160℃, followed by drying at 80℃ for
3 h. The water absorption and water solubility indices of the FRP-starch
mixtures were higher than those of starch alone, whereas swelling power
exhibited the opposite trend. The gelatinization temperatures of the FRP-starch
mixtures, except for the FRP-wheat starch mixture, shifted to higher
temperatures than those of FRP, whereas their gelatinization enthalpies were
lower. The pasting viscosities of the FRP-starch mixtures, except for the
FRP-high-amylose cornstarch mixture, were higher than those of FRP. Regarding
the extruded products, partial replacement of FRP with starch improved the
expansion ratio and specific volume of the extrudates. The failure strength,
measured using a 3-point bending test, was higher for the FRP-starch mixture
(except for high-amylose corn and tapioca starches) than for FRP.
Eavesdropping-aware survivable routing in physical-layer secured optical networks
Authors: Liu Tianhe , Wang Wei , Ouyang Fan , Hao Yurou , Li Yajie , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2024

With tapping attacks gradually occurring, optical networks are facing the risk of eavesdropping. To defend against attackers and protect service transmission, physical-layer security is emerging as a new technique for optical networks. From the survivability perspective, the protection and restoration approaches will need to cover not only failures but also security attacks. Therefore, this work studies the survivable routing problem considering eavesdropping risk. After defining the shared eavesdropping risk link group based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, the symbiosis protection that allows two kinds of services to be mutually working paths and backup paths is designed. Following the symbiosis protection scheme, a heuristic algorithm with two schemes is proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm with security first could lower path risks to zero but block more services, and the algorithm with capacity first improves the network capacity by about 37.072% but keeps 32.335% of links at high risk in a path.
Scheme for a bidirectionally pumped quantum light source on a silicon chip
Authors: Ma Haoran , Ye Liao , Ruan Fanjie , Guo Xiaoqing , Wang Yuehai , Yang Jianyi , Luo Xiaochen
Published: December 2024

Large-scale quantum photonic circuits require integrating multiple single-photon sources, which are typically based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in spiral waveguides or microring resonators (MRRs). Photons can be generated in both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) orientations from a single source in a Sagnac configuration, showing promise for improving scalability. In this work, we propose a fully integrable scheme for bidirectional creation and usage of single photons. This concept is based on two asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometers (AMZIs) integrated within the Sagnac loop. As a proof of concept, we fabricated a device with a spiral waveguide on a silicon chip and demonstrated its application as a quantum splitter and two multi-wavelength quantum light sources.
Mechanisms to improve measurement accuracy through differential signaling in homodyne interferometers
Authors: Lin Zichao , Zhu Hongyu , Yang Yaao , Xue Dongbai , Zhang Wentao , Dun Xiong , Deng Xiao , Li Tongbao , Cheng Xinbin
Published: December 2024

Homodyne interferometers (HIs) utilize differential signaling to reduce common-mode noise and enhance measurement stability. However, their potential to improve measurement accuracy has not been thoroughly investigated. To address this gap, we reveal two unrecognized mechanisms enabled by differential-output signal (DS): self-compensation for odd-order periodic nonlinear error (PNE) and mitigation of PNE caused by ghost reflections. Leveraging these mechanisms, we propose a method for quantitatively extracting PNE using redundant phase information.
Accurate vector optically pumped magnetometer with microwave-driven Rabi frequency measurements
Authors: Kiehl Christopher , Menon Thanmay S. , Knappe Svenja , Thiele Tobias , Regal Cindy A.
Published: December 2024

Robust calibration of vector optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) is a
nontrivial task, but increasingly important for applications requiring
high-accuracy such as magnetic navigation, geophysics research, and
space exploration. Here, we showcase a vector OPM that utilizes Rabi
oscillations driven between the hyperfine manifolds of 87Rb to measure the direction of a DC
magnetic field against the polarization ellipse structure of a
microwave field. By relying solely on atomic
measurements—free-induction decay (FID) signals and Rabi measurements
across multiple atomic transitions—this sensor can detect drift in the
microwave vector reference and compensate for systematic shifts caused
by off-resonant driving, nonlinear Zeeman (NLZ) effects, and buffer
gas collisions. To facilitate deadzone-free operation, we also
introduce a Rabi measurement that utilizes dressed-state resonances
that appear during simultaneous Larmor precession and Rabi driving
(SPaR). These measurements, performed within a microfabricated vapor
cell platform, achieve an average vector accuracy of 0.46 mrad
and vector sensitivities down to 11µrad/Hz for geomagnetic field strengths near
50 µT. This performance surpasses the challenging 1-deg
(17 mrad) accuracy threshold of several contemporary OPM
methods utilizing atomic vapors with an electromagnetic vector
reference.
Simultaneous measurement of multimode squeezing through multimode phase-sensitive amplification
Authors: Barakat Ismail , Kalash Mahmoud , Scharwald Dennis , Sharapova Polina , Lindlein Norbert , Chekhova Maria
Published: December 2024

Multimode squeezed light is an increasingly popular tool in photonic quantum technologies, including sensing, imaging, and computation. Meanwhile, the existing methods of its characterization are technically complicated, which reduces the level of squeezing, and mostly deal with a single mode at a time. Here, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we employ optical parametric amplification to characterize multiple squeezing eigenmodes simultaneously. We retrieve the shapes and squeezing degrees of all modes at once through direct detection followed by modal decomposition. This method is tolerant to inefficient detection and does not require a local oscillator. For a spectrally and spatially multimode squeezed vacuum, we characterize eight strongest spatial modes, obtaining squeezing and anti-squeezing values of up to −5.2 ± 0.2 dB and 8.6 ± 0.3 dB, respectively, despite the 50% detection loss. This work, being the first exploration of an optical parametric amplifier’s multimode capability for squeezing detection, paves the way for the real-time detection of multimode squeezing.
Emotion inference in conversations based on commonsense enhancement and graph structures
Authors: Zhang Yuanmin , Xu Kexin , Xie Chunzhi , Gao Zhisheng
Published: December 2024

In the task of emotion inference, a common issue is the lack of common sense knowledge, particularly in the context of dialogue, where traditional research has failed to effectively extract structural features, resulting in lower accuracy in emotion inference. To address this, this paper proposes a dialogue emotion inference model based on Common Sense Enhancement and Graph Model (CEICG). This model integrates external common sense with graph model techniques by dynamically constructing nodes and defining diverse edge relations to simulate the evolution of dialogue, thereby effectively capturing the structural and semantic features of the conversation. The model employs two methods to incorporate external common sense into the graph model, overcoming the limitations of previous models in understanding complex dialogue structures and the absence of external knowledge. This strategy of integrating external common sense significantly enhances the model’s emotion inference capabilities, improving the understanding of emotions in dialogue. Experimental results demonstrate that the CEICG model outperforms six existing baseline models in emotion inference tasks across three datasets.
Impact of work competencies on job performance among university counsellors
Authors: Cao Jie , Abu Mansor Nur Naha , Li Jinhua
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the relationship between work competency factors—namely knowledge, skills, traits, motives, and self-concepts—and job performance among university counsellors in China. Data were collected from 310 university counsellors using multiple sampling techniques. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), via Smart-PLS version 3.3.2, was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that four competency factors—knowledge, skills, traits, and motives—were significantly related to job performance among university counsellors in Hunan Province. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of work competencies on job performance. It can provide valuable insights for administrators and policymakers aiming to improve the competencies and performance of university counsellors, as well as to enhance the overall development of the counselling team.
Improving breast ultrasonography education: the impact of AI-based decision support on the performance of non-specialist medical professionals
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Lee Hye Sun , Lee Eunju , Kim Won Hwa , Kim Jaeil , Yoon Jung Hyun
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study evaluated the educational impact of an artificial intelligence (AI)–based decision support system for breast ultrasonography (US) on medical professionals not specialized in breast imaging.Methods: In this multi-case, multi-reader study, educational materials, including American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) descriptors, were provided alongside corresponding AI results during training. The AI system presented results in the form of AIheatmaps, AI scores, and AI-provided BI-RADS assessment categories. Forty-two readers evaluated the test set in three sessions: the first session (S1) occurred before the educational intervention, the second session (S2) followed education without AI assistance, and the third session (S3) took place after education with AI assistance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance, were compared between the sessions.Results: The mean sensitivity increased from 66.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.2% to 73.7%) to 88.7% (95% CI, 84.1% to 93.3%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001), and the AUC non-significantly increased from 0.664 (95% CI, 0.606 to 0.723) to 0.684 (95% CI, 0.620 to 0.748) (P=0.300). Both measures were higher in S2 than in S1. The AI-achieved AUC was comparable to that of the expert reader (0.747 [95% CI, 0.640 to 0.855] vs. 0.803 [95% CI, 0.706 to 0.900], P=0.217). Additionally, with AI assistance, the mean AUC for inexperienced readers was not significantly different from that of the expert reader (0.745 [95% CI, 0.660 to 0.830] vs. 0.803 [95% CI, 0.706 to 0.900], P=0.120).Conclusion: The mean AUC and sensitivity improved after incorporating AI into breast US education and interpretation. AI systems with high-level performance for breast US can potentially be used as educational tools in the interpretation of breast US images.
Analysis of Identifying and Correcting the Digital Printing Defects in Pakistan's Textile Industry
Authors: Ambreen  , Javed Kashif , Khan Asfandyar , Anwar Faiza , Khan Imran Ahmad , Malik Mumtaz Hasan
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the issues hindering the adoption of digital textile printing in Pakistan. It presents background on commonly used printing techniques, and analyses industry data to identify major printing defects using quality tools such as Pareto charts and correlation analysis. The root causes of the main defects were determined through cause-effect diagrams and the 5 Whys approach. Preventive solutions are proposed in connection with fabric preparation, process controls, equipment maintenance, training, and sustainable practices. Instead of recommending broad strategies, the study focused on actionable solutions for addressing specific challenges in digital printing, including practical measures for improving operational efficiency in recycling. The analysis provides a comprehensive roadmap for Pakistan's textile industry to overcome current limitations and successfully transition to digital systems for improved productivity, innovation, profitability and global competitiveness.
Technika siedmiu sit wobec granicy zasięgu grafii łacińskiej. Analiza interkomprehensyjna na materiale ukraińsko-polskim
Authors: Hofmański Wojciech
Published: December 2024

This article builds upon a previous publication that served as an introduction to the intercomprehension of The Seven Sieves Technique within the Slavic linguistic domain (Hofmański 2020). The present study, as a second and complementary contribution to this subject, conducts a thorough analysis of the functionality of the technique when applied to pairs of Slavic languages characterised by differences in linguistic subfamily affiliation and the type of script employed (Latin alphabet vs. Cyrillic). The conducted analysis indicates that the difficulty level in comprehending a message subjected to the seven-step adaptive procedure is comparable for texts originally written in Czech and Ukrainian. This finding corroborates the hypothesis regarding the substantial potential of the technique and its full functionality in transcending the boundaries imposed by script variations.
Morze Czarne w nazwach pociągów
Authors: Tomasik Piotr
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the names of passenger trains referring to the Black Sea in Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, the USSR, Ukraine, Georgia and Russia. The author presents an onomastic and cultural analysis of the collected names of passenger connections. The conclusion is that a significant number of excerpted names meet the requirements of the rhetorical category of loci amoenus, and many names of international train connections allow them to be included in the group of loci communes.
Do we know the chemical bond? A case for the ethical teaching of undefined paradigms
Authors: Kozuch Sebastian
Published: December 2024

The chemical bond is the biggest paradigm in chemistry. But at the same time it is notoriously complex to define it. Under the assumption that knowing what we do not know makes better students and lecturers, we succinctly describe three approaches to define the bond (energetic, structural, and orbital), their advantages and especially their failures. We propose that these definitions, including their theoretical, practical and even philosophical issues, should be taught to advanced undergraduate chemistry students as an essential introduction to the chemical bond module of quantum chemistry courses. This is a controversial topic due to the lack of consensus in the chemical bond community over this heavily disputed topic and the conflicting pedagogical approach; however, and maybe because of this controversy, the teaching of the definitions of the chemical bond including their open questions and challenges can be positively instructive. Moreover, we propose that teaching the uncertainties of chemistry, especially in relation to the paradigmatic chemical bond, is an ethical matter.
Aristotle’s Critique of Form-Number
Authors: Yang Daniel Sung-hyun
Published: December 2024

Aristotle’s classification of ideal number in Metaphysics M 6 has often been considered an unfair presentation of Plato’s actual views. I take another look at the passage and argue that Aristotle is a more careful critic than has been usually recognised. In particular, I argue that much of the scholarly discussion on the passage has failed to take account of Aristotle’s deeper concern, namely, the conditions necessary for numbers to be ordinal. I then set Aristotle’s critique within the broader context of his concern to separate Form from Number, and thus to separate metaphysical questions from mathematical ones. The latter half of the article shows some of the consequences of mixing mathematics with metaphysics from a systematic and historical point of view.
Reninoma: an unusual cause of growth failure
Authors: Vaghasia Nupoor , Jevalikar Ganesh , Kuchay Mohammad Shafi , Lipi Lipika , Mithal Ambrish
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Growth failure can result from various underlying causes, necessitating a thorough evaluation. Reninoma, a rare renin-secreting tumor, is an uncommon cause of hypertension, especially in paediatric patients, and has not been associated with growth failure until now.

Case presentation

An 11-year-old girl presented with complaints of poor height gain, headaches, increased thirst, and vomiting. The evaluation revealed severe hypertension and hypokalemic alkalosis. Investigations indicated renin-dependent hypertension, and imaging identified a right renal mass. Renal venous sampling confirmed renin production from the tumor. A right open partial nephrectomy was performed, resulting in the normalization of blood pressure and improved growth. Over the following years, she achieved a significant catch-up growth, regaining her original height percentile and the target adult height.

Conclusions

This case adds to the limited literature on paediatric reninoma. It highlights a rare presentation of reninoma causing hypertension and growth failure in a child. The growth failure was likely due to hypokalemic alkalosis-induced low insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, a mechanism not previously documented in paediatric reninoma cases. Surgical excision of the tumor led to normalization of blood pressure and metabolic alkalosis with significant growth recovery.
Japanese speakers can infer specific sub-lexicons using phonotactic cues
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto , Kumagai Gakuji
Published: December 2024

Phonotactic restrictions do not usually hold uniformly across the entire lexicon of a particular language, and thus the lexicon of a natural language is often assumed to consist of different sub-lexicons. A question that arises is how specific these sub-lexicons can be. A classic, conservative approach is to posit only broad distinctions, such as the distinction between native words versus borrowed words. An alternative approach is to posit more specific miniature lexicons, such as a set of morphemes that show a particular morpheme-specific pattern or a set of loanwords from a particular language. With this general theoretical issue in mind, this paper first points out that there are phonotactic restrictions that can cue a very specific class of words in Japanese; for example, geminate /ɾɾ/ occurs almost exclusively in loanwords from Italian. Building upon these novel observations, the current experiments tested whether Japanese speakers can infer specific sets of words such as “snack names”, “Italian restaurant names”, and “German names” based on particular phonotactic cues. The results of the two experiments support the idea that the lexicon of a natural language can consist of very specific sub-lexicons, at least going beyond the often posited native versus loanword distinction.