bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guru profesional di era new normal: Review peluang dan tantangan dalam pembelajaran daring
Authors: Hanafi Jamilah bulgariah
Published: May 2023

Saat ini pemerintah memberlakukan kebijakan pembelajaran daring untuk memperlambat penyebaran virus corona di Indonesia. Guru merupakan pihak yang harus mengikuti pola kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mereview bagaiamana guru professional di era new normal antara peluang dan tantangannya dalam pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur atau pustaka tentang informasi guru professional di era new normal. Data primer diambil dari tulisan atau artikel tentang guru di era new normal. Analisis datanya menggunakan content analysis. Hasil review ini menujukkan bahwa guru mengikuti kebijakan pemerintah dalam pembelajaran daring. Peluang dari pembelajaran tersebut guru dituntut untuk lebih menguasai teknologi dan bisa menyesuaikan dengan keadaan apapun. Tantangannya adalah kemampuan guru tersebut dalam menguasa teknologi, sumber daya manusia, sarana prasarana yang dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran daring. Untuk itu rekomendasi yang harus dilakukan adalah membangun kemitraan anatara orangtua, guru dan stakeholder secara berkelanjutan. Serta perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap proses pembelajaran daring agar tujuan dan hasilnya bisa tercapai secara optimal.
Culture, Partisanship, and Signalling: The Social Nature of Political Belief Systems
Authors: Williams Daniel , Miyazono Kengo
Published: May 2023

In 'Strange Bedfellows: The Alliance Theory of Political Belief Systems', Pinsof and colleagues trace the contents of political ideologies to the shifting nature of political alliances and the propagandistic biases through which partisans mobilise support for their allies against their rivals. In this commentary, we identify three phenomena that complicate this story: (i) social learning; (ii) partisanship; and (iii) signalling.
koresponding Pharmaceutical
Authors: Marni
Published: May 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Measuring Gradient Effects of Alcohol on Speech with Neural Networks’ Posterior Probability of Phonological Features
Authors: Tang Kevin , Wang Fenqi , Vellozzi Sophia , Sengupta Rahul
Published: May 2023

Alcohol is known to impair fine articulatory control and movements. In drunken speech, incomplete closure of the vocal tract can result in deaffrication of the English affricate sounds /tʃ/ and /ʤ/, spirantization (fricative-like production) of the stop consonants and palatalization (retraction of place of articulation) of the alveolar fricative /s/ (produced as /ʃ/). Such categorical segmental errors have been well-reported. This study employs a phonologically-informed neural network approach to estimate degrees of deaffrication of /tʃ/ and /ʤ/, spirantizationof /t/ and /d/ and place retraction for /s/ in a corpus of intoxicated English speech. Recurrent neural networks were trained to recognize relevant phonological features [anterior], [continuant] and [strident] in a control speech corpus. Their posteriorprobabilities were computed over the segments produced under intoxication. The results obtained revealed both categorical and gradient errors and, thus, suggested that this new approach could reliably quantify fine-grained errors in intoxicated speech.
Climate Concern and Engagement: Large Face-to-Face and Online Polls by the Dutch non-profit Milieudefensie (post-print, published article)
Authors: Bosshard Anna , Brick Cameron , Chatrou Anne
Published: May 2023

Climate change mitigation depends on tracking public opinion across populations. Social scientists can collaborate with environmental organizations that conduct surveys among their audiences. We teamed up with the non-profit Milieudefensie, who surveyed Dutch attitudes towards climate change in 2019–2020. The large dataset had face-to-face (n= 3,102) and online interviews (n = 30,311) of urbanity, climate concern, policy preferences, interviewer-rated engagement with climate change, and behavior (whether the interviewee provided their email and phone number to the organization). To reveal the representativeness of these kinds of convenience samples, we tested whether attitudes and their associations with behaviors were similar to previous studies. Climate concern, preference for climate policy, and interviewer-rated engagement were high. In the online survey, 47% of respondents signed up for an email newsletter, and 7% provided their phone number. Higher climate concern and preference for climate policy predicted interviewer-rated engagement and behavior (weak to strong associations). Urbanity was not related to concern, policy preferences, or interviewer-rated engagement. Policy preferences did not differ between the face-to-face and online samples. The results provide convergent evidence to conventional online surveys. These Dutch residents appear slightly more engaged with systemic change to mitigate climate change than the general public.
Mental navigation and the neural mechanisms of insight
Authors: Aru Jaan , Drüke Moritz , Pikamäe Juhan , Larkum Matthew E.
Published: May 2023

How do new ideas come about? The central hypothesis presented here states that insights happen during mental navigation and correspond to rapid plasticity at the cellular level. We highlight the differences between neocortical and hippocampal mechanisms of insight. We argue that the suddenness of insight can be related to the sudden emergence of place fields in the hippocampus. According to our hypothesis, insights are supported by a state of mind-wandering that can be tied to the process of combining knowledge pieces during sharp-wave ripples. Our framework connects the dots between research on creativity, mental navigation, and specific synaptic plasticity mechanisms in the hippocampus.
Curious minds: Evidence from interviews with renowned experts in five curiosity-dominant fields
Authors: Birenbaum Menucha , Alhija Fadia Nasser-Abu , Shilton Hany , Kimron Helena , Shahor Neria , Rosanski Rovena
Published: May 2023

Semi-structured interviews with 50 renowned experts from five curiosity-dominant professional fields (scientists, inventors (high-tech entrepreneurs), artists, explorers, and therapeutic professionals) were conducted. The five-dimensional curiosity framework advanced by Kashdan and colleagues (comprising joyous discovery, deprivation sensitivity, social curiosity, stress (uncertainty) tolerance, and Thrill-seeking) was adopted. The purpose was to explore nuances of curiosity manifestations expressed by the subjects in their own words and related personality and contextual attributes. A directed approach to content analysis was applied to code the interview data; qualitative methods were employed for data analysis, complemented by quantitative ones. Insights gained from the findings regarding the curiosity construct with a particular focus on differences among the groups in aspects of social curiosity and effects of uncertainty tolerance, and thrill-thinking were discussed, followed by implications for cultivating curious minds.
Planning multiple dependencies in sentence production
Authors: Momma Shota , Yoshida Masaya
Published: May 2023

One of the defining properties of human language is the abundance of potentially unbounded dependencies between elements in a sentence. And yet, how speakers formulate dependencies in sentence production is still poorly understood. Here we examine the timing of verb planning in sentences involving across-the-board and parasitic gap constructions. Using a new task we call the Sentence-Word Interference task, we show that speakers plan the verb of a secondary clause before sentence onset, but selectively when producing across-the-board sentences and not when producing parasitic gap sentences. Based on this timing contrast, we argue that speakers plan verbs predominantly before the production of their dependents, but only when verbs and their dependents engage in both conceptual and direct syntactic relationships. More broadly, the current study suggests that sentence planning is constrained by syntactic relationships that are not reducible to conceptual relationships or to surface word order.
Algorithms in Judges' Hands: Incarceration and Inequity in Broward County, Florida
Authors: Bahl Utsav , Topaz Chad M. , Obermüller Lea , Goldstein Sophie , Sneirson Mira
Published: May 2023

Judicial and corrections systems increasingly use criminal risk assessment algorithms to make decisions that affect individual freedoms. While the accuracy, fairness, and legality of these algorithms have come under scrutiny, their tangible impact on the American justice system remains almost completely unexplored. To fill this gap, we investigate the effect of the Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS) algorithm on judges' decisions to mandate confinement as part of criminal sentences in Broward County, Florida. Our study compiles a novel dataset of over ten thousand court records from periods before and after the implementation of COMPAS there and couples it to a directed acyclic graph model of the confinement decision in order to build a causal inference framework. We find that the many individuals deemed low risk by COMPAS are much less likely to be confined than were comparable individuals before COMPAS was in use, and similarly, individuals deemed high risk are much more likely to be confined. However, given the upstream disparity in COMPAS scores for Black and white defendants, the net effect of these scores on sentencing decisions is to reduce confinement for both racial groups, and yet to widen the gap between them, exacerbating racial inequity.
PENTINGNYA INOVASI PENDIDIKAN GURU DALAM ERA TEKNOLOGI
Authors: Rahayu Puji
Published: May 2023

Pendidik merupakan jabatan yang sangat strategis dalam mendukung proses dankinerja yang dihasilkan kependidikan secara holistik. Oleh sebab itu, bisa dikatakan bahwa pendidik artinya gerbang awal sekaligus representasi syarat serta kinerja pendidikan. Dalamhubungan ini, penampilan seorang pendidik wajib terwujud sedemikian rupa secara efektifuntuk bisa menunjang dinamika serta keefektifan pendidikan. Kinerja penampilan pendidik didukung sejumlah kompetensi eksklusif serta berlandaskan kualitas kepribadian yang akanbisa terwujudkan secara nyata. Demikian inilah sifat utama seseorang pendidik yang memiliki kemampua untukmewujudkan penampilan kualitas kepribadian dalam interaksi dengan lingkungan pendidikan supaya kebutuhan dan tujuan dapat tercapai secara efektif.
Neumonía intersticial aguda por micosis pulmonar. Presentación de caso clínico.
Authors: Hidalgo Acosta Javier Aquiles , Pozo Gómez Cesar Augusto , Quiñonez Avilez Jorge Ernesto , Arteaga Muñoz Jean Luis , López Alcívar Gema Nicolle , Sanga Pintag Dennis Abraham , Macias Pincay Jonathan Raúl
Published: May 2023

La neumonía intersticial es una enfermedad pulmonar aguda y rápidamente progresiva que a menudo conduce a insuficiencia respiratoria y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria. La micosis pulmonar es una infección que se puede comportar como una enfermedad pulmonar crónica o una infección fúngica invasiva, principalmente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos.

Objetivo: el objetivo general es realizar el reporte de un caso clínico, de un paciente con neumonía intersticial aguda por micosis pulmonar, atendido en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, así como describir su diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución.

Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo; con presentación de caso clínico, aspectos relevantes sobre neumonía intersticial aguda por micosis pulmonar, se solicitó autorización al departamento de docencia e investigación del hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, para la revisión de historia clínica, imágenes y publicación de datos.

Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 41 años de edad con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida,  que ingresó a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, por  deterioro neurológico y   que desarrollo sepsis de foco pulmonar,  por Cándida tropicalis,  Hemodinámicamente inestable con desenlace no favorable.

Discusión: Las infecciones pulmonares por hongos, se asocian con una morbilidad y mortalidad elevada. Los factores de riesgo que favorecen la presencia de micosis pulmonar invasiva son: daño pulmonar estructural, compromiso inmunológico como inmunodeficiencia, pacientes en estado crítico y con tumores hematológicos, siendo este último grupo los de mayor riesgo.

Conclusión: La Cándida tropicalis es un hongo poco reportado como causa de  neumonía. La importancia del caso presentado radica en que, ésta, fue el agente causal de infección, evidenciándose candidiasis invasiva, característico de especies de cándidas formadoras de biopelículas, teniendo un curso más grave que otras especies, por cuanto su diagnóstico y tratamiento en el debido tiempo son vitales.
Pedagogy for the Future in the Context of Nepal: An Exploration with Critical Mathematics Education
Authors: Chapai Krishna Prasad Sharma
Published: May 2023

Critical mathematics education undermines the neutrality of mathematics teaching and learning; it confronts societal barriers and suppression, social justice, and opens up new pathways for students to participate in social and political life. This paper intends to analyze critical mathematics education and how it can be used as a tool to create a bright future for mathematics in Nepal by altering teaching pedagogy and applying it to practice. For this study, the search engine Google, Google scholar, Eric, and ProQuest were used. Three major themes were explored: thoughts of teachers towards critical mathematics education, mathematics education in relation to society, and technology-based teaching. To discuss the result content analysis on the themes were used. This study finds that optimistic attitude, innovation of teachers, and the use of critical pedagogy appear to be too responsible for the bright future of mathematics. To attain the objectives, our teachers must be enthusiastic, knowledgeable about information and technology, and critical and reflective.
Awareness and Preventive Measure on Dengue Fever among Community People in Kathmandu
Authors: Adhikari Jamuna , Oli Sita , Pandey Apsara , Dangol Bhuwan Kumari
Published: May 2023

Introduction: More than one-third of the worldwide populations are affected by dengue fever. It is a public health problem.  The objective of this study is to find out the awareness and preventive measure on dengue fever.

Method: A Descriptive Cross-sectional research design was adopted to collect the data from 346 people by non-probability purposive sampling technique. A semi-structured questioner was developed based on intensive literature reviewed. The investigator herself after the approval of the IRC (Institutional review committee) TUIOM collected data. Before data collection, formal permission was obtained from the ward office of Chandragiri municipality-5. Written consent was obtained from each individual sampling unit before interview and observation. The findings were described in descriptive statistics.

Result: All most all (95.4%) respondents were heard about dengue fever. All respondents answered dengue can be prevention, but 40.17% respondents were known it is viral infection, 29.19% belief it is communicable diseases transmitted by mosquito (48%), but the specific types of mosquito (Aedes aegypti), known only 36.7% of respondents. Majority of respondents (84.39%) known it is transmitted by mosquito to human being and below half (47.68%) of respondents known this type of mosquito is breeding in clean stagnation water and bite in day and dusk 67.63%. All most all respondents known about signs and symptoms of the dengue high fever (98.84%), headache (74.85), body ache (62.71%), retro orbital pain (36%), easily bleeding (32.26%) flushing (26.58%), sore throat (23.12 %), skin erythema (16.18%), and photophobia (15.89%), are early signs of dengue infection. Sixty-three percent respondents know the vomiting is late signs of dengue infection, lethargy (43.35 %), blood disorder (35.54%), weakness (30.92%), shock (22.54 %), and bleeding (21.38%), are late signs of dengue infection. Only 46.82% respondents know management of dengue infection, Below half (44.8%) respondents’ answered its prognosis is good, majority of respondents known about complication of dengue is bleeding and shock and 19% respondents known vaccine is not availed of dengue infection till date. In mosquito controls measures, highest number of respondents (66.5%) were aware on environment sanitation can control the mosquito; all most all respondents were aware on mosquito control is the only one solution of the dengue control.

Conclusion: The awareness regarding dengue in the study participants are not sufficient and preventive practices are not satisfactory. Improvement of prevention practices for dengue transmission must be emphasized.
Knowledge Regarding Stoma Care among Nursing Students
Authors: Maharjan Rozeena , Bhandari Bhawana , Ojha Anil Babu , Mugranti Kopila , Jha Jyanendra , Kafle Uma , Dangol Anamika , Mishra Rupesh
Published: May 2023

Background: Stoma and ostomy are Greek terms meaning mouth or opening done to treat several benign and malignant intestinal conditions, due to a change in bowel habits, anatomically modified by surgical creation of an opening in the abdominal wall involving parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Formation of colostomy is sometimes necessary and at other times mandatory. The colostomy patients wear a disposable pouch to collect the stool. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent, depending on the medical reason for the surgery.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge of stoma care among PBN 3rd year student nurses and to identify the association of knowledge with the selected demographic variables.
Methodology: A cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted among 39 student nurses of PBN 3rd year studying at the Hope International College with the objective to assess the knowledge regarding care of stoma among student nurses. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used in this study and self-administered structured questionnaire was used in this study. The study was done in a private college of Lalitpur (Hope International College).
Result: In this study 7.7% of the total student nurses had good knowledge, 89.7% student nurses had average knowledge and 2.6% student nurses had poor knowledge. Also found that there is no association between knowledge and other variables like age, experience, training, in-service education, care and interest as it showed no significance statistically.
Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of student nurses had average knowledge regarding stoma care.
Awareness and Practice Patterns Among Pediatricians Regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity at Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Giri Shrestha Puspa , Sah Ranjeet , Subedi Kumudini
Published: May 2023

IntroductionRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the developing retina of preterm infants dueto defective vasculogenesis that can lead to incurable blindness. It can be prevented by timelydetection and treatment. The study aimed to analyze the level of awareness, knowledge andpractice of Pediatricians regarding ROP in Bharatpur.
MethodsThis was a quantitative, cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires to assess theawareness level among pediatricians at the main hospitals of Bharatpur City. A scoring system wasimplemented in the data analysis, depending on the correct chosen answers on the questionnaire.The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of NNJS (Reg. no. 15/2022).
ResultsForty-three pediatricians from 11 hospitals in Bharatpur Metropolitan City filled out thequestionnaires. The mean age of the participants was 35.53 ± 9.09 years (25 to 68 years), majoritybeing male (N=28; 65.12%). More than half of the participants, 23 (53.49%) had a knowledge scoreof 10-15. The knowledge score was 0-5 and >20 in 6 (13.95%) and 2(4.65%) participants respectively.Men were significantly more knowledgeable about ROP than women (p = 0.02).
ConclusionsThis study has projected the level of understanding about ROP among pediatricians in Bharatpur.Workshops and courses on ROP screening criteria and referral are recommended specificallyfor pediatric residents and pediatricians in the early stages of their careers. There should becoordination and good referral network between Pediatricians and Ophthalmologists.
Clinical Characteristics and Results of Transungual Excision of Subungual Glomus Tumor
Authors: Pandey Suresh
Published: May 2023

IntroductionGlomus tumor is rare and subungual location of the distal phalanx is the most common site. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment to relieve the symptoms. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and result of transungual excision of the tumor.MethodsA retrospective cross sectional study of was conducted among 15 cases of subungual glomus tumors operated with transungual excision over 8 years period in the department of Orthopedics. The clinical and demographic characteristics were noted from the case record. The outcome variables were assessed from case records, OPD visits, and telephone interviews and the results analyzed were pain relief, postoperative recurrence, nail deformity, and patient satisfaction. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical tools in SPSS-20.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 32.6 years with the mean duration of symptoms 1.8 years. The mean tumor size was 3.4 mm. Pain and pinpoint tenderness were present in all 15 cases and positive cold sensitivity test and positive Hildreth’s test in 13 (86.7%) and 10 (66.7%) cases respectively. All cases had complete relief of pain within 2 weeks of the operation. There was no case of recurrence and nail deformity till a minimum of 1 year of follow up.ConclusionsThe diagnostic clinical triad of pain, point tenderness, and cold sensitivity are the most common findings. The transungual excision of the tumor can give rise to excellent results with complete relief of pain in all cases with no recurrence or nail deformity.
An Early Experience of “Hanging Maneuver of Liver resection":A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khatiwada Sagar , Belbase Narayan Prasad , Koirala Nishnata , Bhujel Sushim , Shrestha Nischal , Baral Suman , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: May 2023

Introduction
The posterior approach to liver resection is technically difficult, especially when there is a bulky tumor or dense adhesion of right lobe of liver with the risk of tumor dissemination and hepatic vein avulsion. To prevent this, anterior approach of liver resection was used; however, it is technically challenging and can lead to a false line of transection and difficulty in controlling bleeding in deeper parenchymal plane. These technical difficulties are overcome by hanging maneuver liver resection which eases the process of anterior approach. The Objectives of our study were to observe the technical safety, operative duration, operative blood loss, and perioperative complications of hanging maneuver in liver resection.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study on the patients who underwent hanging maneuver of liver resection at our center. The perioperative data were analyzed. Descriptive variables were described using frequency and percentage; continuous variables were described using mean and standard deviation.
Results
A total of 15 patients underwent hanging maneuver of liver resection, majority were male (66.6%) with Child-Pugh score-A of 80%. The most common indication was complex hydatid cyst of liver (33%) and biliocutaneous fistula (13%) that occurred after previous intervention for hydatid cyst of liver (13%). Intraoperative blood loss was 750±343.2 ml and complications grade IIIA were up to 20% as per Clavien Dindo grading system.
Conclusions
Hanging maneuver of liver resection is a technique that facilitates in elevating liver parenchyma away from IVC and helps in an easier anterior approach. A learning curve and assessment of background liver disease is necessary for its safety.
Outcome of Covid-19 Patients Admitted in Emergency Department of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital
Authors: Krishna Gupta Tula , Bhattarai Kushal , Pal Anusmriti , Kasaudhan Smriti Mayur , Manandhar Nilu
Published: May 2023

Introduction
COVID-19, a global health problem, was first identified in the Hubei province, China.  While various clinical features of the diseases have been documented, the complete clinical profile is yet to be understood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of Covid-19 after admission in the emergency of KAHS during the year 2021January – 2022 January.
Methods
This is a hospital-based, retrospective, observational study done in the emergency department of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS), Jumla. The data was taken from the registry, including the record files of patients with Covid-19 admitted in the hospital from 2020 January to 2021 January. The retrieved data was initially entered in an Excel sheet followed by its analysis. We carried out Kaplan Meier survival distribution analysis to determine the survival probability and predictors of Covid-19.
Results
Of the 516 Covid-19 positive patients who were admitted in the hospital, 53.5% were males. For the total patients, the mean duration of hospital stay was 8.02±5.32 days with the proportion of patients who died during treatment being 3.7% (n=19). As described by the Kaplan-Meier curve and the accompanying survival table, the mean survival time of the overall patients was 36.74 days (95% CI=35.6–37.8). Moreover, the cumulative survival rate was seen prominently decreased for older patients and those admitted in the intensive care unit and/or ventilator.
Conclusion
The increased mortality rates seen in the older patients and those admitted in critical care setting clearly calls for the importance of proper and timely intervention.
Endovascular Management of a Rare Case of a True Facial Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Jha Manvendu , Nandan Tripathy Girija , Vembu Anand
Published: May 2023

True aneurysms of the facial artery are rare and their management protocol is not defined. There are only eight cases reported in the literature. Here we report a case of true aneurysm of the facial artery in a 78 years old female. She presented with swelling left side of the neck who underwent further imaging including CT angiography which revealed an aneurysm of left facial artery. She was successfully treated with coiling.
A Case of Hydropyometra Secondary to Vaginal Atresia: A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Sipai Sani , Jha Nitu Kumari , Ray Pankaj
Published: May 2023

Hydrometrocolpos refers to the accumulation of secretions within the endometrial and endovaginal canal. The causes of retention of cervico-vaginal secretions are varied. Herein, we report a case of a seven-day-old female child presented to us for follow up as antenatal ultrasound done at nine months which had showed round cystic lesion with internal echoes in fetal lower abdomen. With the help of clinical examination and diagnostic imaging, the case was diagnosed as hydropyometra secondary to vaginal atresia and managed successfully by surgical intervention.
वैकल्पिक शिक्षामा अनलाइन कक्षाको प्रभावकारीता {Effectiveness of Online Classes in Alternative Education}
Authors: बानियाँ Baniya विदुर Bidur
Published: May 2023

वैकल्पिक शिक्षाले वर्तमान समयमा परम्परागत रूपमा चलिरहेको शिक्षा प्रर्णालीको विकल्पमा प्रदान गरिने

शिक्षा पद्धतिलाई जनाउँछ । यस किसिमको शिक्षाले विभिन्न कारणले गर्दा शिक्षाको मूल धारमा आउन नसकेका व्यक्तिहरूलाई शैक्षिक अवसर तथा पहुँच प्रदान गर्ने कार्यमा माध्यमको रूपमा काम गर्दछ । कोभिड महामारीले निम्याएको स्वास्थ्य सङ्कटसँगै बैकल्पिक शिक्षाको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको परिवेशमा यस अध्ययनलाई विभिन्न किसिमका रोगहरूको चपेटामा समाज गुज्रँदा वैकल्पिक माध्यम के हुन सक्छ भन्ने सन्दर्भमा केन्द्रित गरिएको छ । अनलाइन कक्षाको सन्दर्भ तथा यसको प्रभावकारीता पहिचान गर्ने उद्धेश्य राखी तयार पारिएको यस लेखमा अनलाइन कक्षाले विश्वव्यापी महामारीको अवस्थामा मात्र नभई सामान्य अवस्थामा पनि कसरी वैकल्पिक शिक्षण सिकाइको माध्यमका रूपमा काम गर्न सक्छ भन्ने कुरालाई उजागर गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक विधिमा आधारित रहेर गोरखा नगरपालिकामा अवस्थित एक विद्यालयका शिक्षक र विद्यार्थीसँग अन्तक्र्रिया विधि मार्फत् तथ्यांकमा सङ्कलन गरि त्यसैका आधारमा यो लेख तयार गरिएको छ । प्राप्त सुचना र तथ्यांकको विश्लेषणबाट वर्तमान समयमा अनलाइन शिक्षा सामान्य शिक्षाको विकल्प मात्र नभइ समग्र शिक्षाको आवश्यक अंशका रूपमा कार्यान्वयनमा आएको पाइएको छ ।समय सापेक्ष आधुनिक शिक्षा पद्धतिको एउटा आवश्यकीय प्रक्रियाको रूपमा वैकल्पिक शिक्षालाई सरोकारवालाहरूले लिएको देखिन्छ । अध्ययनको प्राप्तिका आधारमा वैकल्पिक शिक्षालाई अनलाइन शिक्षा पद्धतिसँग जोडेर प्रविधिको प्रयोगसँगै प्रभावकारी शिक्षण सिकाइ क्रियाकलाप अगाडि बढाउनु आजको आवश्यकता रहेको छ ।
जय भुँडी निबन्ध सङ्ग्रहमा प्रयुक्त भाषाशैली {The Language and Style Used in The Essay Collection "Jai Bhundi"}
Authors: Khanal खनाल Rajendra राजेन्द्र
Published: May 2023

प्रस्तुत लेखको उद्देश्य जय भुँडी निबन्ध सङ्ग्रहमा प्रयुक्त भाषाशैलीको विश्लेषण गर्नु हो । पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययन प्रक्रियाबाट तथ्य सङ्कलन गरी जय भुँडी निबन्ध सङ्ग्रहलाई प्राथमिक स्रोत तथा भाषाशैलीसँग सम्बद्ध सैद्धान्तिक पुस्तकहरूलाई द्वितीयक स्रोतका रूपमा लिइएको यस लेखमा वर्णनात्मक विधिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । अध्ययनबाट विश्लेष्य निबन्ध सङ्ग्रहमा मानक व्याकरणका मान्यतामा सीमित नबनी साहित्यिक कृतिलाई कलात्मक र सार्थक तुल्याउन शैलीविज्ञानमा स्थापित भाषाशैलीका विविध उपकरणको प्रभावपरक उपयोग भएको पाइएको छ । निबन्ध सङ्ग्रहमा भाषिक तत्वहरूको आवृत्तिमूलक प्रयोग र विचलनयुक्त भाषाले प्रस्तुतिलाई कलात्मक बनाएका छन् भने अभिव्यक्ति आलङ्कारिक देखिएको छ । विचलनयुक्त भाषाशैली प्रयोगमा आधिक्य रहेको विश्लेष्य निबन्ध सङ्ग्रहमा निबन्धकारले व्यङ्ग्यात्मक शैलीबाट यथार्थ विषयवस्तुलाई उद्घाटन गरेका छन् । यस अध्ययनबाट भाषिक कला र प्रस्तुतिको चातुर्यका कारण जय भुँडी निबन्ध सङ्ग्रह पाठकमैत्री, प्रभावकारी तथा कलात्मक बनेको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
Feeding Back, Looking Forward
Authors: Johnson Gareth J
Published: May 2023

In this introductory editorial, the Editor-in-Chief celebrates 25 issues of Exchanges published to date, before exploring some elements of the recent author feedback report. It then goes on to offer a short introduction to each of the papers included in this issue of the journal, and then moving on to remind readers of our open calls for papers. Notably, this editorial introduces the new submission format of Book Reviews, one of which is included in this journal issue. As always, the editorial also includes highlights of recent podcast episodes and general information on Exchanges social media presence and Editorial Board.
Approximating the Effect of Consciousness on Stochastic Brain Structures
Authors: Hendel Benjamin
Published: May 2023

There is a large amount of evidence in the Parapsychology literature that indicates thatconsciousness is not an emergent property of neuronal interactions and can exist andfunction independently of a brain. Here we examine mathematical methods that canbe used to derive dynamic equations for the mind-matter interactions occurring in thebrain that these observations imply the existence of. We use the moments method toapproximate the effect that consciousness has on stochastic binary decision-makingneural networks , which we model using biologically realistic Wilson-Cowan equations(Deco et al., 2007). We show that small changes in the variance of the randomness (onthe order of 0.1 Hz2) consumed by the neural networks can bias the networks to selectone binary decision value over the other. Using observations about the interconnectednessof relatively isolated groups of neurons, we argue that biases of the size predictedby the approximation would be sufficient to allow a brain-independent consciousnessto exert significant control over the brain. The results that we present here are relevantto any theory positing that rote computations carried out by neurons are not the solecontributor to consciousness.
Mothman, the Silver Bridge Collapse, and the Folklorization and Commemoration of Actual Events
Authors: Daly Jack
Published: May 2023

By examining the songs, media, and material culture associated with the legendarymonster Mothman, this paper shows how folklore can become commodified and whatissues may arise as a result. By using Paredes’ theory of “folklorization” and McDowell’sconcept of “commemoration,” legend scholars can track historical developments acrossspace and time to understand the metamorphoses a legend undergoes and why. Ultimately,this paper uses the term “narrative hijacking” to describe the process in which ahistorical event such as the Silver Bridge collapse of 1967 is overshadowed by its associationwith a legend, which in this case, is the story of the Mothman.
Conspiracy Theory Advocacy and Endorsement of Inaccurate Material: A Review of the Psychological Research 2010 - 2022
Authors: Drinkwater Kenneth , Dagnall Neil , Denovan Andrew
Published: May 2023

Since 2010 the number of psychological investigations examining relationships betweenconspiracy theory (CT) advocacy and endorsement of inaccurate material (i.e.,misinformation, disinformation, and fake/false news) has increased exponentially.However, due to the breadth of topics investigated, the diversity of approaches/methodsemployed, and the range of data examined, the extent to which research in thisdomain provides a coherent body of work is unclear. Accordingly, this paper performeda review of psychological articles published in Web of Science and Scopus during theperiod January 2010 to May 2022. Search terms used were “conspir* AND misinformationOR disinformation OR “fake news” OR “false news”. The articles selected had eithercollected primary data or analyzed extant secondary data and were written in English.Forty-six articles were included in the review and the majority 87% (n = 40) were publishedbetween January 2018 and May 2022. This reflected the increase in interest in thetopic and the concomitant development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Across the literature,there was a lack of conceptual clarity and congruence. This arose principally fromthe failure to adequately operationalize key terminology (i.e., definitions of conspiracyand inaccurate information) and/or use terminology consistently. This indicated thatresearch in the field would benefit from the development of standardized operationalconceptualizations and taxonomies. Given the breadth of the research across differentacademic disciplines and in related areas such as pseudoscience, this article should beregarded as extensive, rather than exhaustive. In this context, this review provides onlyinsights into the nature of psychological research within the designated parameters.Future work is required to determine if investigations in allied areas demonstrate similarreporting trends to those observed in this article.
Water adsorption on rutile titanium dioxide (110): Theoretical study of the effect of surface oxygen vacancies and water flux in the steady state case
Authors: Bouzidi Fatima , Tadjine Moustafa , Berbri Abderrezak , Bouhekka Ahmed
Published: May 2023

The aim purpose of the present work is highlighting the impact of surface oxygen vacancies and H2O flux on the behavior of water adsorption at the rutile titanium dioxide (110). Therefore, a theoretical model, based on molecular and dissociation mechanisms at different surface atomic sites, was formulated in a system of partial differential coupled equations. The proposed model used to study, in an atomic scale, this complex phenomenon of adsorption governed by several factors including surface vacancies defects and water flux. The findings of the solution of the system of equations in the steady state case, presented in this paper, strongly indicated that the rate coverage of surface oxygen vacancies has an important role in the dissociation of H2O as well as the flux which is a key factor in the behavior of water adsorption on the TiO2 (110) and the rate coverage of OH groups.
Physical and mechanical properties of Ayous wood (Triplochiton scleroxylon) from Cameroon
Authors: Biekop Bertin , William Paul , Huisken Mejouyo , Fokwa Didier , Njeugna Ebenezer
Published: May 2023

The present study deals with Ayous wood from the East Cameroon forest reserve in the locality of Abong-Mbang. The water absorption rate of Ayous wood and the absorption kinetics were evaluated. Ayous wood reached its absorption saturation around 28 days. The primary diffusion coefficient was found to be 1.51 x 10-11 m2/s with a standard deviation of 0.23x10-11 m2/s while the saturation absorption rate is 144% with a standard deviation of 16.3%. About the modeling of kinetic absorption, many models were tested, and (Sikame, 2014) was the best model for our experiments. In order to determine the mechanical properties, four point bending and compression test were done through the three orthotropic directions.  It is found that the modulus of elasticity value is 8792.75 MPa with a standard deviation of 527 MPa and the fracture stress (σl) value is 53.6 MPa with a standard deviation of 8 MPa. Longitudinal, radial and tangential compressive stress are 31.51 MPa, 29.15 MPa and 31.4 MPa respectively, with standard deviations of 4.34MPa, 4.52 MPa and 4.23 MPa.
Apartheid Internationalism: Canadian Activism in Defence of White Rule in Southern Africa, 1965–94
Authors: Langford Will
Published: May 2023

From 1965 to 1994, some Canadians participated in transnational activism aimed at supporting or excusing white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia. Their ideas, arguments, and interconnections contributed to “apartheid internationalism,” a form of internationalism without central organization yet forged through a common cause and specific (and sometimes covert) political networks. The Canadian fraction of the movement was internally diversified and decentralized. Yet this article shows that ties among activists were considerable. Whether taking pro-apartheid or “anti-anti-apartheid” positions, participants expressed variants of white supremacism, contextualizing and qualifying their views on racial superiority within adjacent right-wing political projects. Not entirely unlike studies of anti-apartheid activism, the examination of the defenders of apartheid demonstrates the importance of race in Canadian international history. It also shows how a range of people beyond politicians and diplomats engaged with transnational issues. Most strikingly, the analysis reveals that liberal internationalism or internationalisms associated with the political left were not the only responses to a decolonizing world. Some Canadians with conservative and authoritarian perspectives refused to accept a decline of white power or found new ways to present their support for white minority governments in southern Africa.
Editorial: Governança, Gestão e Inovação em Segurança Pública
Authors: Dandolini Gertrudes Aparecida
Published: May 2023

Diante do cenário atual de incertezas, desafios complexos, e aceleradas mudanças tecnológicas, exigem da Segurança Pública e demais setores relacionados, adaptações e transformações para continuar cumprindo seu papel. A inovação, a boa governança e gestão são elementos que podem impulsionar e fazer acontecer as mudanças necessárias sem perder de vista a sua função de preservar a ordem pública e gerar valor público. Assim, este dossiê temático traz esses temas à discussão, por meio de análise do marco legal, pesquisa científicas e relatos de iniciativas de órgão do setor público, em especial da Segurança Pública. Os resultados mostram que as transformações estão ocorrendo, tanto na evolução do marco legal, quanto em iniciativas inovadoras, mas que são necessárias maiores discussões, trabalho colaborativo, e aprendizagem de rede para avançar. Há carência de proposta de modelos, frameworks, diretrizes, técnicas e ferramentas tangíveis que possam orientar o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de Governança, Gestão e Inovação em Segurança Pública efetivas. Consta-se, também, que o fator humano, as pessoas, são o diferencial neste processo de mudança. Nessa direção, incentivos, capacitações, criação de ambientes de colaboração e coprodução (como laboratórios de inovação), criação de redes intra e interorganizacionais são mecanismos com potencial para impulsionar e acelerar as inovações.
Actualización sobre enfermedad de Ménière
Authors: Martén Sáenz María Catalina , Valverde Solano Sofía , Waugh Chacón Sebastian
Published: May 2023

El plexo venoso pampiniforme es el sistema encargado del drenaje sanguíneo testicular, el cual se encuentra rodeando el cordón espermático. El varicocele se define como la dilatación tortuosa de carácter varicosa de las venas del plexo pampiniforme, particularmente en la porción escrotal.
Se ha demostrado que esta patología se presenta con más frecuencia en el teste izquierdo. Cuando se presenta en el derecho es de suma importancia asegurarse de descartar una masa abdominal que aumente la resistencia vascular.
Los jóvenes entre los 9 y 25 años, aproximadamente, son quienes poseen mayor incidencia a sufrir un varicocele.
Esta enfermedad normalmente no está asociada a síntomas, pero en algunas circunstancias puede causar dolor y darle una sensación de pesadez en el teste para el paciente, principalmente al ejercitarse. Usualmente se lleva a cabo un tratamiento expectante, a excepción de aquellos pacientes que sí sufren síntomas, con quienes se recomienda el tratamiento quirúrgico.
Reconocimiento oportuno de las hernias diafragmáticas postrauma
Authors: Sánchez Vásquez Adrián , Campos Zamora María Fernanda , Salazar Dobroski Michelle
Published: May 2023

Las lesiones diafragmáticas son una entidad clínico patológica no muy frecuente, y en su mayoría a veces de difícil diagnóstico en un servicio de emergencias. El diafragma es una barrera músculo aponeurótica que divide las cavidades torácica y abdominal, es el músculo más importante de la respiración. En la mayoría de los casos, se dan por traumas cerrados de alta energía o por traumas penetrantes, rondan un promedio de edad de 35 años, y es más frecuente en hombres. Dentro de los síntomas clínicos importantes de manera aguda se encuentran dolor torácico, epigastralgia, ruidos peristálticos en tórax; y de carácter crónico (tardío) disnea, taquicardia, fiebre, matidez campo pulmonar, entre otros. Para establecer el diagnóstico de lesión diafragmática es necesario historiar al paciente con detalle sobre el mecanismo trauma, el examen físico y completar con técnicas de imagen. La resolución quirúrgica es el método de elección para manejo de estas lesiones.
Aspectos radiográficos de la neumonía por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Douglas Clayton Shaquille Anthony , Rodríguez Jarquín Dylana , Zumbado Víquez Silvia
Published: May 2023

La aparición de la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha causado una afectación en múltiples sectores, en especial en el sistema de salud. Las generalidades desde su surgimiento, fisiopatología y cuadro clínico, así como los hallazgos en los métodos de imagen que orientan hacia ciertos patrones característicos de la enfermedad, deben difundirse por todo el personal de salud involucrado en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de pacientes. Aunque el diagnóstico es microbiológico, las técnicas de imagen tienen un papel importante para apoyar la gravedad de la enfermedad debido a que la afectación es principalmente pulmonar, por lo cual el primer método que suele emplearse es la radiografía de tórax, permitiendo una identificación de los pacientes en quienes se evidencia un empeoramiento del estado respiratorio. El objetivo del siguiente artículo es describir los hallazgos principales de la enfermedad y clasificar su gravedad en la radiografía de tórax por SARS-CoV-2, y hacer una breve mención de la fisiopatología y cuadro clínico.
EL FOMENTO EN EL DERECHO ESPAÑOL DE LA INSTALACIÓN DE PLANTAS FOTOVOLTAICAS FLOTANTES EN AGUAS DE DOMINIO PÚBLICO HIDRÁULICO
Authors: Bustillo Bolado Roberto O.
Published: May 2023

El artículo estudia cómo, en España, durante el año 2022, se han introducido medidas legislativas (Real Decreto-Ley 6/2022) para fomentar la construcción y explotación de instalaciones para generar energía eléctrica sin consumir combustibles fósiles, muy especialmente, aerogeneradores e instalaciones fotovoltaicas flotantes en dominio público hidráulico. El fomento se basa en medidas para simplificar el procedimiento y reducir el tiempo de tramitación. Una de tales medidas es la (difícilmente justificable) elusión de toda participación de la sociedad civil a lo largo del procedimiento.
ADPF COMO INSTRUMENTO DE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA E DE CONCREÇÃO DA CIDADANIA VISANDO A DECLARAÇÃO DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DO DECRETO FEDERAL Nº 10.502/2020
Authors: Montes Netto Carlos Eduardo , Barbosa Karlo Alves , Ferreira Olavo Augusto Vianna Alves
Published: May 2023

Tem-se observado uma mudança de perspectiva com relação à inserção da pessoa com deficiência na sociedade por meio da adoção de políticas públicas cada vez mais inclusivas. No entanto, em matéria de política educacional, o recente Decreto federal nº 10.502/2020 deixou de estabelecer a obrigatoriedade da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência na rede regular de ensino, contrariando tratados e convenções internacionais, a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e normas infraconstitucionais. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a constitucionalidade do Decreto nº 10.502/2020 e se a arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental pode representar um mecanismo de acesso à justiça e de promoção da cidadania caso se conclua pela sua inconstitucionalidade. Optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa exploratória com a utilização de revisão bibliográfica e da análise qualitativa dos dados a fim de se cumprir esse objetivo, o que possibilitou inferir, ao final, que o Decreto nº 10.502/2020 é incompatível com a Constituição Federal de 1988 e que é viável e adequado o manejo da arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental visando a declaração da sua inconstitucionalidade por meio do controle concentrado de constitucionalidade.
TEACHING READING BY USING ANNOTATING TEXT STRATEGY TO IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF ELEVENTH GRADERS AT SMA NEGERI 3 PAGARALAM
Authors: Purwanto M Bambang
Published: May 2023

The title of this thesis is Teaching Reading by Using Annotating Text Strategy to Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension of Eleventh Graders at SMA Negeri 3 Pagar Alam. The problem of this study was there any significant improvment of the student’s reading comprehension who were taught by used Annotating Text Strategy and those who were not to the eleventh graders of SMA Negeri 3 Pagar Alam. The objective of this study was to identify whether or not the used of Annotating Text Strategy was effective to improved the students' reading comprehension. The test was used in this study with 10 meetings of treatment including pre-test and post-tests. The population was 188 taken from all of eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Pagaralam in academic years 2017/2018. The sample was 66 students were taken by purposive sampling technique. The writer took the sample from 2 classes; they were XI IPA 1 as an experimental group and XI IPA 2 as control group. Quasi experimental method was applied. The data was selected by using multiple choice and consist 30 (thirty) of quesions . The data were analyzed by using paired Sample t test and independent t test. The result of paired sample t-test found t-obtained 3.763 with significant 0.000 it was higher than t-table was 2.654. It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It can be concluded there was Annotating Text Strategy improved students’ in teaching reading comprehension on Narrative text.