bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s Experience on Menopause - A Qualitative Study
Authors: R Rukmani , B Tamilarasi , P Padmavathi
Published: September 2023

Background: Menopause is the point, where a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. It is a natural part of aging and marks the end of reproductive years. While transition to menopause, women may be experiencing some or all of the symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness etc. which may affect their day-to-day life leading to decrease in the quality of life. Objective: To study the experience of women during menopause.
Materials and Methods: Through purposive sampling 20 women were selected who experienced menopause. They were in the age group between 41 to 60 years. The study was conducted in Suthanthirapuram Panchayat, Mettupalayam, Coimbatore. Data was collected by adopting semi-structured interview method. The duration of study was one month. Collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s analysis method.
Results: Four (04) themes emerged from the findings, which are: affects health, affects work, Emotional wellbeing and loss of woman hood. Further there were psychological encounters such as mood swings, anger, depression and emotionally detached with others. They had experiences in health issue such as hot flashes, palpitation, night sweat and sleep disturbances.
Conclusion: Results evidence that health care practitioners should give advice in order to maximize assistance for women during this developmental phase. Health care needs to be personal and tailored to the individual needs, preferences and expectations of women, with due regard to social and cultural contexts. Coping strategies should be developed to enable women who are struggling to manage the psychological impact of menopause

Key words: Menopause, Hot flashes, Menstruation, quality of life, mood swings
Importance of Brahmacharya for Health in Contemporary Times
Authors: Meher Kirtan , Panda Srikanta Kumar , Kumar Manish
Published: September 2023

Ayurveda, the ancient science of health, states that the main purpose of mankind is to maintain health and cure the diseases. For the maintenance of health, it is advised to avoid the bad lifestyle habits. Ayu is the span of life initiating from birth and terminating at death. It is classified into 4 types, hita, ahita, sukha and dukha ayu. The lifestyle and habits of a person determine their ayu. Adapting to a bad lifestyle leads to sufferings via development of pathologies. A healthy lifestyle is the result of good routine habits. Ayurveda preaches the attainment of a healthy lifespan through practice of various disciplines like dinacharya, ritucharya, swasthavritta, sadavritta, aahara, vihara, and achara rasayana.
The three upastambha or supporting pillars of life are ahara, nidra and brahmacharya. Brahmacharya or practicing celibacy is a crucial pillar for maintaining a healthy life. The abstinence from maithuna is known as brahmacharya. It is not always essentially the abstain; engaging in maithuna while adhering to all of the ritukala's rules is also regarded as Brahmacharya. It is also claimed that Brahmacharya is the trail that leads to moksha. Brahmacharya represents a practice that promotes longevity. It is the ideal regulated activities (Samyak Yoga) of Jnanendriya, Karmendriya, and Ubhayendriya with respect to Kala, Artha, and Karma for development and defence of the individual from birth until death.
In this review, the concept of brahmacharya according with its importance is meant to be discussed.

Key words: Trayopstambha, Brahmacharya, Celibacy
Reliability of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) as a Diagnostic Tool for Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Comparative Analysis with Biopsy
Authors: S Preethi. , Narayanan Nithya
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Cervical lymphadenopathy, characterized by neck lymph node enlargement, demands accurate diagnostic methods due to its varied etiology, ranging from benign to malignant conditions. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and biopsy are vital diagnostic tools, each with distinct attributes. This study explores the reliability of FNAC compared to biopsy in evaluating cervical lymphadenopathy, aiming to inform clinical decision-making for improved patient care outcomes.
METHODOLOGY: This retrospective, comparative study was conducted in the Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, between June 2022 and June 2023. Patients aged 18 years or older were included. There were 70 patients with cervical lymphadenopathies who underwent both fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathology (HPE). The sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient were calculated.
RESULTS: Of the 70 patients, 49 had a benign etiology, with Tuberculosis being the most common, while 21 had a malignant etiology, with Hodgkin's Lymphoma being the most common. The majority of patients were in the age group of 35-60 years, and gender distribution was equal. In our study, it was observed that the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in detecting TB were 76.2% and 98%, respectively; for Lymphomas, it was 68.75% and 100%, respectively; for metastatic secondaries, it was 80% and 100%, respectively; and for reactive lymphadenitis, it was 79% and 87%, respectively (see Table 1). The overall sensitivity of FNAC in our study is 70.6% (95% confidence interval: 68.5-72.7). Cohen's Kappa coefficient for comparing FNAC with biopsy is approximately 0.6016, indicating moderate agreement.
CONCLUSION: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a valuable initial investigation for cervical lymphadenopathy. It is a simple outpatient procedure that offers a rapid and specific diagnosis with minimal discomfort and is cost-effective. One of its primary advantages is the early detection of malignant diseases, enabling timely treatment initiation. However, the success of FNAC relies on two crucial factors: the representativeness of the sample and the high quality of the preparation. Achieving these can be challenging, so the most reliable diagnostic method is still histopathological examination.

Key words: FNAC, Biopsy, cervical lymphadenopathy, tuberculosis, lymphoma
Quality of Life of Psychoactive Substance Abusers: An Integrated Review and Bibliometric Analysis (2018–2021)
Authors: B. Ayanleke , R. Anokwuru
Published: September 2023

Quality of life is related to one of the basic human desires, which is to live well and feel good. The scope of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of psychoactive substance users. Eleven (11) databases were searched for information sources published between 2018 and 2021 that are prospectively linked to quality of life and psychoactive substance users, using longitudinal data and predictive models. The searches yielded 102 sources, out of which seven (7) sources were retained after a thorough review of titles and abstracts for their conceptual and methodological relevance to the full-text review. Overall, this review illustrates the evidence exploring the direct effect of psychoactive substance users on quality of life and identiﬁes seven (7) studies whose outcomes were the same effect of psychoactive substance use and quality of life, of which six studies found a significant relationship between quality of life and psychoactive substance use. One study suggested that there is worse quality of life among psychoactive substance users with low scores in SF-36 (Item Short-Form Health Survey) and poor health status considered. Remarkable evidence was available; hence, evidence is sufficient to draw the conclusion that there is no good quality of life for psychoactive substance users. In conclusion, factors that were found to be associated with use of psychoactive substances among the users were parents not living together and fathers' use of psychoactive substances, educational status, occupation, environmental factor, physical factor, psychological factor, emotional factor and socio economic status. Current research provides a true understanding of the relationship between quality of life and psychoactive substance users but a research study is needed to provide treatment and rehabilitation management of such diagnosed psychoactive substance users.
The Correlation between Critical Thinking Skill and Vocabulary Mastery in Critical Listening and Speaking Class
Authors: Pratiwi Vita Febia , Widhiatama Daniel Ari
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between students critical thinking and vocabulary mastery in Critical Listening and Speaking classes at a university in Yogyakarta. This research focused on knowing the relationship between students' critical thinking and vocabulary mastery of semester 4 students at a university in Yogyakarta. The population of this study were fourth semester students who were taking Critical Listening and Speaking courses. This research employed is quantitative design. In collecting data, researchers used questionnaires and tests. The research sample consisted of 15 students at an English Education Study Program. A vocabulary test using https://www.oxfordonlineenglish.com/english-level-test/vocabulary was used to investigate students’ vocabulary mastery. Meanwhile, a formative assignment was employed to gain students’ critical thinking level. To analyze the data, Pearson product moment correlation was used. The exploration discoveries show that there was a positive correlation between critical thinking skills and vocabulary mastery in CLS class with Sig. = 0.934. In this way, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is acknowledged and null hypothesis (Ho) is dismissed. The importance of this assertion is a basic critical thinking skills impacts vocabulary mastery.
Students’ Perceptions Toward Feedback from Their Teachers and Peers in Writing Activities by Considering Their Writing Anxiety
Authors: Astrid Annisa
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of students with varying levels of writing anxiety regarding the learning activities associated with using teacher feedback and peer feedback. The present study utilized a quantitative approach for data collection. The quantitative data were obtained through a survey administered to 46 students in the English Department of a state Islamic University. The quantitative data were subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically percentages and frequency, and non-parametric analysis employing the Mann-Whitney test. The findings indicated no statistically significant difference in the perceptions of students who experienced writing anxiety and received instruction through either teacher or peer feedback. Essentially, students who demonstrate lower levels of writing anxiety display a cheerful disposition towards the incorporation of both teacher feedback and peer feedback. During the intervening period, discernible differences arose in the viewpoints of students demonstrating heightened writing anxiety levels who were provided with instructions through teacher feedback instead of peer feedback
The Realization of Cohesion Devices Applied in Students’ Business Letters
Authors: Citrawati Ni Putu Evi Wahyu , Wahyu Gede Eka
Published: September 2023

The study aims to discover the students’competency in writing text particularly business letters in English. The study is tried to find out the cohesion devices used by the students’. The participants were the six semester of the Tourism and Business Institut. The number of participant were 50 students. They have got several treatment how to write business letter in English. After the treatment, the researcher collect and analyse data. Qualitative method is used in analysing data. The result shown several types of cohesion applied in students’ writing such as grammatical cohesion; pronoun, substitution, conjunction and lexical cohesion; synonimy, antonimy, and superordinate.
Risk Factors for Skin Infection in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Haider Mohammad Ziaul , Islam Md. Nazrul , Asaduzzaman A.T.M. , Majumder Muhammad Shoaib Momen , Shazzad Md Nahiduzzamane , Alam Mohammad Jahangir Ul , Ferdous Nira , Choudhury Minhaj Rahim , Haq Syed Atiqul
Published: September 2023

Background: Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune chronic disease that sometimes leads to serious life-threatening condition. The occurrence of SLE was about 5 million worldwide by 2022. The overall frequency of SLE across Asian countries ranged from 0.9 to 3.1 per 100,000. Infection is one of the grave condition in SLE patients. This study intended to evaluate risk factors for skin infections in patients with systematic lupus erythematosus. Material & Methods: This observational prospective study was carried out in the Department of Rheumatology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2014 to April 2016. A total of 131 patients with systematic lupus erythematosus were enrolled in this study as study subjects following the inclusive criteria. Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Proper written consent was taken from all the participants, before recruiting. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the predictive of infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance with 95%CI. Results: Among the total study population (N=131), skin infections were found in 27% of cases (n=35) whereas 73% of cases were non-infected (n=96). In the infected group, the mean age of the respondents was 28.2±8.7 years. Taeniasis was the most common skin infection (15, 42.9%), and herpes infection was found in 12 patients (34.3%). Higher SELENA SLEDAI scores were more frequent in skin infected group than that in the non-infected group. Skin infections were significantly higher among the participants who used I.V. cyclophosphamide. In skin infected group, immunosuppressive drugs were used significantly in higher frequency (94.3% versus 24.0%) than in the non-infected group. In the multivariate analysis, higher disease activity (SELENA-SLEDAI score >3, (P=0.049) (OR=21.44), higher daily doses of prednisolone intake (>10mg/day, P=0.046) (OR=16.69), low serum C3/C4 (P=0.004) (OR=147.82) and use of any immunosuppressive drugs either in present or previously (P value= 0.042) (OR=22.58) were found as significant risk factors. Conclusion: In this study, taeniasis and herpes infections were found as the most common skin infections among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Higher disease activity, a higher dose of prednisolone, use of any immunosuppressive therapy either present or past and low complement level were the risk factors for skin infections.
Assessment of Contraceptive Usage Patterns and Associated Factors among Women in Bangladesh: A Hospital-Based Observational Study
Authors: Begum Ferdousi , Barua Dipi , Nur Ayesha Nigar
Published: September 2023

Background: The use of contraceptives is crucial in managing family size, improving maternal health, and enhancing socio-economic development. Despite progress in promoting contraceptive use, challenges persist in countries like Bangladesh, where socio-cultural dynamics can affect the uptake and usage patterns. This study aimed to assess contraceptive usage patterns and associated factors among women attending a hospital in Bangladesh. Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2021 to December 2022. The study included 150 women of reproductive age (18-45 years) who visited the hospital for gynecological problems or regular check-ups. Data was collected through structured interviews using validated questionnaires assessing knowledge and usage of contraceptive methods. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: Among the participants, 66.00% reported regular contraceptive use, 10.67% reported irregular usage, and 23.33% stated they were not using contraception. Oral contraceptive pills were the most common method (43.48%). There was a significant association between contraceptive usage patterns and education level, age group, marital status, and number of children. In contrast, residence did not significantly associate with contraceptive practice. Conclusion: Despite high awareness levels, there exists a gap between knowledge and consistent contraceptive use. Education level, age, marital status, and number of children significantly influence contraceptive usage patterns. This study highlights the importance of integrating these socio-demographic factors in the planning and implementation of family planning policies to promote effective contraceptive use in Bangladesh. Future research should investigate the reasons behind irregular or non-use of contraceptives among informed women and devise strategies to bridge the knowledge-practice gap.
Complications Associated with Transcatheter Device Closure of Atrial Septal Defect Cases in Pediatric Cardiology Center of Combined Military Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Shazzad , Akter Shaheda , Bhuiyan Mohammad Nazmul Islam , Das Bijoy Kumar
Published: September 2023

Background: In Bangladesh, ASD device closure has been started in various centers for about a decade. Still, to date, few studies concern the complications associated with transcatheter device closure of ASD. Material & Methods: From January 2016 to December 2016, patients with suspected and confirmed ASD cases reported to the Department of Paediatric Cardiology Center of Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were evaluated. Osteum second ASD cases that were suitable for device closure were selected. Data of patients who underwent device closure were recorded in a predesigned data collection sheet. Results: During the study period, a total of 48 patients were found with second ASD and tried for transcatheter device closure, and 46 (95.83%) were successfully closed. There were 6/46 (13.04%) complications, of which 2 were major, and 4 were minor. The only major complication was device embolization occurring in 2/46 (4.37%) cases; 1 (2.1%) required surgical retrieval, while in the remaining case, the device was retrieved by catheter technique. Another important complication is the formation of a thrombus on the device. Among minor complications, arrhythmia was most common and occurred in 2/46 (4.34%) of cases. In one of these 2, atrial fibrillation required electrical cardioversion, and the other one recovered spontaneously. Post-procedural lower respiratory tract infection occurred in 1/46 (2.17%) patients, for which no apparent reason was found. Transient hypoxemia occurred in one case, 1/46 (2.17%), which also recovered spontaneously. Conclusion: In summary, it is stated that transcatheter ASD device closure is a safe and effective procedure.
A study on Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Septicemia and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern
Authors: Akhter Rozina , Mili Shaifa Lubna , Hossain Nawsin Farzana , Kismat Saifa
Published: September 2023

Background: Neonatal septicemia, a critical neonatal illness, involves multiple bacteria types, frequently Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrobial susceptibility varies, however, increased resistance against commonly used antibiotics, such as ampicillin and gentamicin, poses significant challenges. Timely diagnosis and appropriate antibiotics selection, informed by current bacterial profiles and sensitivity patterns, are crucial for improving neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from October 2021 to February 2023. Total 243 neonates with septicemia were included in this study. Results: The study sampled 243 subjects, 207 (85.2%) ≤72 hours old, and 36 (14.8%) >72 hours with a female predominance (89.7%). Positive bacterial cultures were seen in 46 (18.9%) individuals, predominantly Pseudomonas (28.2%). Organism incidence varied between early (35 occurrences, 76.1%) and late (11 occurrences, 23.9%) onset groups. More bacteria were observed in females (39 cases, 84.8%) than males (7 cases, 15.2%). Antibiotic sensitivity showed Pseudomonas was most responsive to Cephalosporin (20 cases, 43.5%). Acinetobacter showed the highest resistance to Cephalosporin (10 cases, 21.7%). Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that early-onset septicemia had higher bacterial presence than late-onset, and females exhibited more bacterial presence than males. Pseudomonas was the most frequent organism which was most responsive to Ceftazedime.
A Comparative Study of Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (Apache II) Score in Assessing the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Rampal Kapil , Mal Garima , Harkanwalpreet Harkanwalpreet , Singh Parampreet , Sharma Meghna , Khichy Sudhir
Published: September 2023

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal disorder with substantial burden on the healthcare system. Since 1974, various scores have been developed using clinical and radiological parameters to assess the severity of acute pancreatitis. BISAP and APACHE II score have been developed for evaluation and to assess the severity of patients with acute pancreatitis. To evaluate BISAP and APACHE II score of patients with acute pancreatitis, compare sensitivity and specificity of BISAP and APACHE II score and to see predictive accuracy of BISAP and APACHE II score to analyse severity in acute pancreatitis. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in the department of General Surgery, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, on 40 diagnosed patients of acute pancreatitis. Results: The ROC analysis for organ failure showed BISAP score has AUC of 0.927, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 75%, PPV of 30%, NPV 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 77.5%; whereas APACHE II score has AUC 0.983, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 94.4%, PPV of 66.6%, NPV of 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 95%. The ROC analysis for pancreatic necrosis showed BISAP score has AUC of 0.882, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 75%, PPV of 30.7%, NPV 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 77.5%; whereas APACHE II score has AUC 0.924, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 77.7%, PPV of 33.3%, NPV of 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 80%. The ROC analysis for prediction of mortality has AUC (0.730, 0.735), sensitivity (66.6, 66.6%), specificity (73.53%, 79.41%), PPV (30.7%,33.6%), NPV(92.59%,93.1%)and diagnostic accuracy(72.5%, 77.5%), for BISAP and APACHEII scores, respectively. Conclusion: BISAP score was found to have sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy as close to APACHE II score in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Even though APACHE II score is stronger to predict organ failure than BISAP but BISAP being simple, easy to calculate, economical and reliable can be used as preliminary tool to stratify patients and to manage accordingly for better outcome. Hence, using BISAP score, patients having probability of progressing to severe disease can be assessed early.
Clinical Profile of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) Patients: A Retrospective Study at a Peripheral Combined Military Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Morshed A K M Monzur , Wahab Md Abdul , Sharmin Samina , Yasmin Mst. Farhana
Published: September 2023

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an allergic eye disease that especially affects young boys. The most common symptoms are itching, photophobia, burning, and redness. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profile of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) among the local population reported at a peripheral combined military hospital over 1 year. This study aimed to analyze the cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis at a peripheral combined military hospital. Material & Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology at Combined Military Hospital, Saidpur. A total number of 110 patients with VKC were diagnosed based on their history, clinical features, and characteristic symptoms and sign over a period of 1 year from Jan 2021 to Dec 2021. Best-corrected visual acuity (VCVA) was assessed and each patient was thoroughly examined with a Slit Lamp Bi microscope, Fluorescein staining, and Tear film break-up time. Follow-up was done every 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months for 01 year. A purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Data was collected by a pre-designed questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) results were compiled in the frequency distribution table. Informed written consent was taken from all participants. Ethical clearance was obtained by the ethical committee of CMH. Results: Out of 110 patients, 80 (72.72%) were male and 30 (27.27%) were female. The highest incidence of VKC occurred in the age group of 11–15 years. In maximum cases 70 (63.63%) had palpebral form followed by mixed form 25 (22.72%) and then bulbar form 15 (13.63%). Corneal complications occurred in 27 (24.54%) patients; Out of 27, 25 patients had minor complications and 2 had major complications. The minor complications were usually superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) or other epithelial disturbance. Major complications were superior pannus and pseudogerontoxon. Although patients with VKC often give a history of allergies or atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, or hay fever, in the present study, coexisting allergic conditions could be detected only 40 (36.36%) patients. Conclusion: VKC is a common form of allergic conjunctivitis among the age group of 11–15 years of male patients. The most common is the palpebral form followed by mixed and then bulbar forms. Some cases showed a history of atopy and other allergic conditions.
Demographic and Clinical Profile of Hypertensive Pregnant Women
Authors: Sultana Rifat , Yasmin Elora , Rouf Salma , Eva Saima Yeasmin , Shampa Lima
Published: September 2023

Background: Preeclampsia, which complicates 2 to 4% of pregnancies globally, is progressive, unpredictable, and serious. It is a relatively common pregnancy disorder that originates in the placenta and causes variable maternal and fetal problems. In the worst cases, it may threaten the survival of both mother and baby. There are several risk factors of preeclampsia and the severity of mortality or morbidity can be minimized by identifying the risk factors. So, this study aimed to assess the risk factors of preeclampsia. Material & Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Obs & Gynae in DMCH from July 2017 to December 2018. The study included 50 cases. The selection criteria were 28 to 42 weeks of pregnancy with hypertension with proteinuria. Data was collected by history taking, clinical examination, and relevant biochemical tests. A purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Data was collected by a pre-designed questionnaire. Quantitative data were expressed as mean. Data were processed and analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Informed written consent was taken from all participants. Ethical clearance was obtained by the ethical committee of DMCH. Results: In this study, most of the patients (16, 32%) were in the 16-20 years age group, followed by (13, 26%) 21-25 years age group and the mean age was (SD±) 24.5±6.3 years. Most of the patients (35,70%) were primigravida, and the rest (15, 30%) were multigravida. In the present study, most of the patient’s (20, 40%) gestational age at delivery was 33-38 weeks, followed by (18, 36%) 38-40 weeks. 64% of patients did not have a positive family history. Out of 50 patients, only a few (4, 8%) underwent regular antenatal care, and 72% had no antenatal care. Regarding systolic blood pressure, the range was 140.0-200.0 mmHg and mean±SD 159.0-9.08, and diastolic blood pressure was 90.0-120.0 mmHg and mean±SD 103.80-7.39. Conclusion: This study concluded that, most of the hypertensive pregnant women belonged to 16-20 years of age and most of them were primigravida. A greater part of the patients presented with hypertension at 33-38 weeks of pregnancy and only a few of them had a positive family history of hypertension. Considering antenatal care, they were unaware of it showing that, the most of the patient did not get proper antenatal care.
Do segundo ao terceiro céu: sobre as opressões em A Morte e o Meteoro, de Joca Reiners Terron
Authors: Benatti Andre Rezende
Published: September 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo uma análise do romance A morte e o meteoro (2019), do escritor cuiabano Joca Reiners Terron. Tomamos como ponte de partida para análise uma reflexão comparativa acerca do desenvolvimento do enredo do romance de Terron (2019) e o processo de invasão e conquista da América, especialmente América Latina, por povos europeus. No texto buscamos explorar o embate violento criado pela invasão em um ambiente onde a violência já perpetrava há séculos. Trabalhamos com a ideia de que Terron (2019) se vale do processo de conquista para criar metaforicamente uma sociedade contemporânea em que a violência impera sem limites. Para tal análise nos valemos de estudos como os de Lilia Mirtz Schwarz (2019), Alfrebo Bosi (1992 e 2002), Roberto Fernández Retamar (2004), entre outros.
Diagnóstico da crise da leitura no Brasil: obras sobre o ensino de literatura publicadas durante a década de 1980
Authors: Dutra Aylon de Oliveira , Verardi Fabiane
Published: September 2023

Esta pesquisa aborda a análise de obras sobre ensino de literatura publicados no Brasil durante a década de 1980, que apontavam para a existência de uma crise da leitura no país. Dessa forma, seu objetivo geral consiste em analisar sete obras sobre a questão da didatização da literatura no ensino secundário, verificando seus conteúdos. Quanto aos objetivos específicos, sistematizar as discussões realizadas e  identificar as causas para um aumento do interesse pelo tema. Quanto à fundamentação teórica, seguimos os pressupostos de Colomer (1996, 2007), Coombs (1976), Leite (1983) e Zilberman (2010) sobre a história do ensino de literatura. O corpus da pesquisa foi submetido a análise e interpretação de dados conforme a metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2016). Assim, criou-se um conjunto de categorias referente ao conteúdo das obras, que revelaram um interesse maior por questões sócio-históricas, em um período em que se tentava explicar a crise do ensino.
Relationship between body morphometrics and prolificacy of Jawarandu goats in sun farm Semarang regency
Authors: Ning Setiati  , Diana Lutfia Nita  , Abyadul Fitriyah  , Abyadul Fitriyah
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to analyse the relationship between body morphometrics and prolificacy of Jawarandu goats in Sun Farm Semarang Regency. The purposive sampling method is used to collect the research object samples. The samples of this research are 10 Jawarandu goat mothers that had given birth (single or twins), aged 2-3 years, and had given birth 2-3 times. This research's observation variables are divided into two variable groups which are prolificacy rate as dummy variables and morphometrics as dependent variables. The morphometric variables observed include body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), and hip width (HW). The data is analysed using regression analysis with the dummy (D) variables. If the prolificacy is low (mother goat with a single kid) then D=0, and if the prolificacy is high (mother goat with twins) then D=1. Based on the regression analysis, the chest circumference and hip width are significantly related to prolificacy with the regression equation of CC = 77,335 + 5,778 D and HW = 16,418 + 1,972 D. The body height and body length are not significantly related to prolificacy. In conclusion, chest circumference and hip width are closely connected with prolificacy. The possibility of twin births in Jawarandu goats increases with bigger chest circumference and hip width.
MODERN HETEROSİKLİK KİMYA
Authors: Balcı Metin
Published: September 2023

Heterocyclic chemistry is a subfield of organic chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic or- ganic compounds with at least one heteroatom (besides the carbon atoms) in a ring. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, but heterocyclic rings containing other heteroatoms are also widely known. Heterocyclic compounds are frequently abundant in plants and animal products. Alkaloids, natural dyes, drugs, proteins, enzymes, etc., are critical examples of natural heterocyclic compounds. Many heterocyclic compounds are beneficial and essential for human life. Various com- pounds such as hormones, antibiotics, essential amino acids, hemoglobin, vitamins, dyestuffs, and pigments have heterocyclic structures. Over half of the known organic compounds and 60% of drugs are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Unfortunately, there is no contemporary textbook written in this field in Turkey. Inspired by my research in heterocyclic chemistry in recent years, I decided to write the book “Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry”. While discussing heterocyclic compounds, the synthesis and various reactions of compounds con- taining one, two, and in some cases, three heteroatoms starting from the three-membered ring to the seven-membered ring were focused. The formation mechanisms of the compounds in the synthesis were discussed as much as possible at a level the students could understand. Studies carried out until 2023 were included, again by paying attention to the level of the readers. In order to reach the original articles, 1870 references were included separately in the relevant sections. Heterocyclic chemistry is a course taught in chemistry departments. Therefore, this book will fill a gap for chemistry students. In addition, students of the faculty of pharmacy and the department of biology will also benefit from this book.
THE RETAIL TRADE ASSESSMENT IN THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL REGION
Authors: Кабехова Р.А. , Ордынская М.Е.
Published: September 2023

Торговля занимает значимое место в экономике Южного федерального округа. От степени ее развития зависит обеспеченность потребительского рынка необходимыми товарами и услугами. В статье осуществлен обзор состояния рынка розничной торговли в Южном федеральном округе посредством анализа данных, размещенных Федеральной службой государственной статистики. Анализ текущего состояния данной отрасли позволяет выявить имеющиеся тенденции и проблемы.

Trade has taken an important place in the Southern Federal Region economy. The degree of its development depends on goods and services provision of the consumer market. The state of the retail market in the Southern Federal District is analyzed on the basis of the Federal State Statistics Service data. The analysis of the industry current state makes it possible to identify modern trends and problems.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ELEMENTS’ IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Хуажева А.Ш. , Чиназирова С.К. , Водождокова З.А.
Published: September 2023

Вопрос оценки уровня экономической безопасности страны в контексте влияния на нее теневой экономики можно считать актуальным, поскольку масштабы ее распространения растут и скоро она охватит весь мировой сектор экономики. Существующая теневая экономика порождает негативное влияние на общество. Ее масштаб настолько велик что еще ни одна страна не смогла ее искоренить. Наибольший процент сектора теневого рынка – в странах, имеющих экономическую систему рыночного типа. Роли и характер теневой экономики описаны в ряде работ иностранных и российских исследователей 20 века, а также современных ученых-исследователей 21 века. Для снижения уровня теневой активности необходимо разобраться с ее структурой и изучить причины возникновения и способы снижения.

The issue of assessing the level of economic security of a country in the context of the shadow economy influence it can be considered to be relevant, since it is widespread all over the world and may soon cover the entire economic sector. Shadow economy causes a negative impact on society is it so great that no country has been able to eradicate that one. The largest percentage of the shadow market sector is in countries with a market–type economic system. The role and nature of the shadow economy have been described by lots of foreign and Russian scientists of the 20th century, as well as modern researchers of the 21st century. Encounter illegal activity is seen at work and shops, for example, manicure at home, printing pictures on mugs and T-shirts at home. It is necessary to study the shadow economy structure and all aspects of its occurrence to find out ways of reducing the shadow activity in our country.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors: Чиназирова С.К.
Published: September 2023

В условиях западных санкций и ограничений на экспорт продуктов питания государственное регулирование и поддержка сельскохозяйственной отрасли становятся особенно актуальными. Они помогают обеспечить надежное и стабильное снабжение населения продуктами питания, а также поддерживают экономическую устойчивость страны. В таких условиях государственное регулирование и поддержка сельскохозяйственной отрасли становятся еще более важными. Они позволяют обеспечить независимость от импорта продуктов питания и сохранить продовольственную безопасность страны. Государственная поддержка может включать в себя финансовую помощь, субсидии на покупку сельскохозяйственной техники и оборудования, льготные кредиты, налоговые преференции и другие меры, способствующие сельскохозяйственным предприятиям развиваться, модернизироваться и повышать производительность.

In the context of Western sanctions and restrictions on food exports, state regulation and support of the agricultural sector are becoming especially relevant. They can ensure a reliable and stable supply of food to the population, as well as support the economic stability of the country. So, state regulation and support of the agricultural sector are of a great importance. So, that ensures the independence from food imports and preserve the country's food security. State support may include financial assistance, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and equipment, preferential loans, tax preferences and other measures that promote agricultural enterprises to develop, modernize and increase productivity.
Religious Institutions as Regulators of the Moral Principles in Geopolitics
Authors: Bendin A. Yu. , Isaev A. V. , Filatov A. S. , Kharitonov-Tanevsky A. D. , Barakhvostov P. A.
Published: September 2023

The materials of the international round table “Religious institutions as regulators of moral principles in geopolitics”, held as part of the Christmas Readings “Global challenges of modernity and the spiritual choice of man” by the National Research Institute for the Communications Development (NIIRK), the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, the International Public Association “Christian Educational Center named after Saints Methodius and Cyril”. The article reflects the views of Russian and Belarusian scientists on the influence of geopolitics on the activities of religious institutions, their communication with the state and society, the influence of religion on geopolitical and political decisions. The idea is expressed about the moral leadership of the church in modern society and politics, the youth education. The problem of developing the communication skills of clergy, new forms of information in the context of digitalization and the development of the information society is considered. The compensatory function of religious institutions in the socio-cultural sphere, aimed at smoothing emerging institutional imbalances and balanced development of society, is substantiated.
Development of Migration Processes between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation
Authors: Yokubov F. K.
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the emergence and development of migration between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation. The reasons for the increase in migration from Uzbekistan to Russia over the years of independence are analyzed. The main problems faced by Uzbek labor migrants in Russia are identified. The information on the volume of money transfers from Russia to Uzbekistan year by year is presented, the factors influencing its increase or decrease are analyzed.
Russian Peacekeeping Operation in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020–2023)
Authors: Gasparyan R. E. , Skakov A. Yu.
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the peacekeeping mission conducted by the Russian peacekeeping forces in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020–2023 and assesses its effectiveness. According to the trilateral agreement signed on November 10, 2020 by the Presidents of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia, Russian peacekeepers were introduced into Nagorno-Karabakh. After the signed trilateral agreement, two more agreements followed, which fixed effective activities and strengthened the need for the presence of peacekeepers in the region. In December 2022, Azerbaijani so-called “eco-activists” blocked the only road (the Lachin Corridor) connecting Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia, blocking the free movement of people and goods, hindering the activities of peacekeepers and creating a humanitarian crisis for the population of Nagorno- Karabakh.
“Diplomacy of Heads of State”: Chinese Media about Xi Jinping’s Visit to Russia in March 2023
Authors: Wang Yu.
Published: September 2023

The visit of the President of the People’s Republic of China to the Russian Federation attracted a lot of attention from the Chinese media, which was manifested in a large number of publications on this topic in the media and social networks. The purpose of the study was to analyze news reports and messages on the Weibo social network about the state visit of the President of the People’s Republic of China to the Russian Federation and determine its role in strengthening bilateral relations between China and Russia. For the first time, the main principles of China’s foreign diplomacy, implemented in a particular state visit, were considered by the example of how they were perceived by public opinion. A content analysis of news reports from mainstream Chinese media showed that this diplomatic move is highly appreciated. The authors of the publications noted the high significance and effectiveness of this visit. A statistical analysis of publications on the Weibo social network showed that public opinion also generally assesses Xi Jinping’s visit to Russia positively, paying attention to the content side of Russian-Chinese relations. In general, strengthening and deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Russia in the new era is a strategic choice made by countries based on the domestic political and domestic economic situation, which is in line with the fundamental interests of the peoples of the two countries and the development trend of international relations. The results of the study showed that China has always pursued an independent foreign policy, and promoting the development of Russian-Chinese relations at a high level is a strategic choice made by China, taking into account its internal development and overall diplomatic strategy.
Characteristics Of Partial Mithchondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit 1 Gene Of Honey Bee Apis dorsata Binghami [Hymenoptera: Apidae] From Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mokosuli Yermia Semuel , Mege Revolson Alexius , Pelealu Jantje , Tulung Max
Published: September 2023

The aims of this study were to characterize the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) of Apis dorsata from Minahasa, North Sulawesi. Apis dorsata Binghami used in this study was obtained from the natural colony in Klabat forest, Airmadi forest and Kombi forest. From each native bee colony, ten workers were taken (n = 30). Femur hind legs used for subsequent DNA extraction were amplified by PCR, underwent electrophoresis and then sequenced. CO1 sequences then were matched with BLAST to obtain sequences from the NCBI that have high levels of homology (>90%). The results showed that the universal primer LCO -1490 and HCO - 2198 success amplify the gene CO1 Apis dorsata of Minahasa. Based on the phylogeny tree, Apis dorsata derived from forest Airmadidi and forest Kombi have the same CO1 sequences but have had differences with Apis dorsata from forests Klabat. BLAST analysis results showed that the partial mitochondrial CO1 sequences Apis dorsata of Minahasa has the highest rate of 94 % similarity with similar sequences recorded in the NCBI gene bank.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST AND EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF NUSA INDA PUTIH (Mussaenda pubescens) AGAINST CREATININE, URIC ACID AND UREUM LEVELS IN WHITE RATS (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Rumondor Rolef , Komalig Rino
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant activity and the effect of the extract of Nusa Indah Putih (Mussaenda pubescens) on creatinine, uric acid and urea levels in white rats (Rattus novergicus). The study design, the treatment group was divided into 5 groups. The control group (P0), the ethylene glycol group (P1), the kidney drug treatment group (P2), the Nusa Indah Putih ethanol extract group at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW (P3), and the Nusa Indah Putih ethanol extract group at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW (P4 ). Nusa Indah Putih extract has strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 78.27 ppm and AAI value of 1.277. Nusa Indah Putih extract was effective in lowering creatinine, uric acid and urea levels in experimental animals.
IDENTIFICATION GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE, AND FECES OF LOCAL PIG FROM NORTH SULAWESI
Authors: Andries Kezia , Mege Revolson Alexius , Manampiring Nonny
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify gastrointestinal parasites in the small intestine, large intestine, and feces of local pigs from North Sulawesi. Sampling in this study was carried out in Termaal Village, Likupang Barat District, North Minahasa Regency and in Poopoh Village, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency. Observations and identification of parasites were carried out at the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNIMA. Samples of small intestine fluid, large intestine, and pig feces were taken totaling 9 samples. The sample was examined by the Floating Test method, and if parasites were identified, a literature study was carried out with reference to several sources and previous research books to determine the type of parasite species found. The results of this study indicate that all samples observed and identified were positive for the presence of intestinal parasitic worms. The parasitic worms found were Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, Taenia solium, and Fasciolopsis buski.