bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of land use land cover and carbon sequestration in forests of Joida Taluk of Uttar Kannada district using Remote sensing technique
Authors: Koppad A. G. , Banavasi Pallavi. P , Sarfin Syeda
Published: September 2020

The study was conducted in Joida Taluk of Uttar Kannada district, Karnataka to assess the land use land cover (LULC) and carbon sequestration of the forest during the year 2019-20. The ground truth data for different LULC was collected using GPS, and data was used for classification of IRS LISS 4 data using maximum likelihood classifier in ERDAS imagine software. The sample plots of 23.2 m X 23.2 m were laid out randomly in forests and growth parameters (tree height and diameter) were recorded, and biomass was estimated using the standard formula. There are eight LULC classes’ viz., dense forest, moderately dense forest, open/sparse forest, scrub forest, agriculture, settlement, horticulture plantation and waterbody. The overall accuracy of the classification was 97.09%. The total biomass in Joida Taluk from four forest classes (dense forest, moderately dense forest, open/sparse forest and scrub forest) was 44.16 million m3 and carbon sequestered was 15.57 million tonnes. The NDVI values ranging from -0.23 to 0.74, indicating a higher value for dense forest. Based on this study, it is concluded that forests have potential in carbon sequestration, which in turn helps in mitigating the climate change.
Protective effect of ascorbic acid against fenvalerate induced toxicity in air-breathing fish Clarias batrachus
Authors: Jigyasu Sajeev Kumar , Paul Dilip Kumar
Published: September 2020

The food demand in recent times has increased many folds. In order to augment the need for food, the agriculture practice is extensively carried out by the farmers and pesticides are widely used by them for the better yield of crops. Fishes are also cultivated by these farmers, and humans are consuming the fishes as they are very high nutritious food product. But, these pesticides through agricultural runoffs are contaminating the ponds as well the aquatic fauna like fish. The present research work deals with the evaluation of the protective effect of ascorbic acid on fenvalerate induced nephrotoxicity in Clarias batrachus. The pyrethroid pesticide- Fenvalerate EC 20% was administered directly in the water contained in the aquarium at the dose of 0.027 ppm, 0.042 ppm and 0.083 ppm respectively for 96 hrs hours after the dose calculation through LC50. Thereafter, ascorbic acid was administered orally by gastric intubation method at the dose of 200 mg/Kg body weight per day for 04 days to each pesticide treated group. The study revealed that, after the exposure of fenvalerate, there was significant damage at the biochemical levels like urea, creatinine, protein and albumin and histopathological study of kidney tissue in fish C. batrachus. But, after the administration of ascorbic acid, there was a significant restoration in the biochemical levels and in histopathology of the kidney of fish. The study concluded that Ascorbic acid possessed protective effect against fenvalerate induced toxicity in C. batrachus.
Beneficial effect of Hordeum vulgare extract against aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Fidah Hadj , Hachem Kadda , Adli Djallal Eddine Houari , Brahmi Mostapha , Houari Hemida , Kahloula Khaled , Slimani Miloud
Published: September 2020

Aluminum is present in medicines and food.  Its toxicity induces deleterious effects in various living organisms. At the same time, Hordeum vulgare a cereal known as an important nutritional source and also endowed with bioactive molecules. The objective of this study was to evaluate, on the one hand, the modifications induced by aluminum chloride in Wistar rats at the cerebral level and, on the other hand, to test the efficacy of the barley extract, Hordeum vulgare, (HEV) to restore the harmful effects of this studied metal with a concentration of 13 ml HEV/kg/day for a period of 21 days. The extraction of HEV by maceration resulted in an aqueous extract with a yield of 10.70%. Exposure to AlCl3 at a concentration of 100mg/kg, permitted to observe that the concentration of aluminium at the brain level is significantly high (p<0.05) in the intoxicated rats compared to the control rats. On the other hand, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) indicated a decrease in the intoxicated rats. Indeed, the histological study showed very pronounced lesions in the brains of the poisoned rats resulting in necrosis and cellular spongiosis. In addition, the administration of HEV restored the activity of the various antioxidant enzymes with an improvement in brain tissue architecture in intoxicated rats treated with HEV which justifies the therapeutic virtues of H. vulgare in protecting against aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity.
Growth trends and forecasting of fish production in Assam, India using ARIMA model
Authors: Yadav Anil Kumar , Das Kishore Kumar , Das Pronob , Raman Rohan Kumar , Kumar Jeetendra , Das Basanta Kumar
Published: September 2020

Fish is an essential component of the diet of the most populace in Assam and fish farming has been one of the sources of livelihood in rural areas. Assam ranks first in fish production among North-eastern states of India. However, fish production is not sufficient to meet the demand despite having vast aquatic resources in the state. The present study was undertaken to determine the decadal growth of fish production in the state using the compound growth rate. The study also attempted modeling and forecasting of fish production in Assam using Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methodology. For the present study, time-series data on fish production in Assam from 1980-81 to 2018-19 was obtained from the Directorate of Fisheries, Government of Assam. Data for the period 1980-81 to 2014-15 was utilized to build an ARIMA model and validated through the remaining data from 2015-16 to 2018-19. The best suitable model for the state’s fish production was ARIMA (1,1,0) based on the values of the model selection criterion. The actual fish production and forecast values using a fitted model were in close agreement. The out-of-sample forecast values of fish production in the state for the subsequent years 2019-20 to 2022-23 showed an increasing trend from 336.97 to 358.21 thousand metric tonnes. Considering the vast aquatic resources in the state, the study calls for serious attention by policymakers, researchers, and developmental agencies for harnessing the potential of fisheries resources for making the North-east region self-sufficient in fish production as a whole and Assam in particular.
Efficacy of Withania somnifera on lipid profile of endosulfan induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Jha Sanjeev Kumar , Paul Dilip Kumar
Published: September 2020

India is an agrarian country with crops cultivated at a huge scale. Pesticides in recent times have caused serious health hazards in the population which are widely used by the farmers for the better yield of crops. Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide, which is widely used by the farmers. But, in the present times, it has caused serious health hazards in the exposed population causing various diseases, including cancer. Hence, the present study on animal aims to observe the protective effect of Withania somnifera against endosulfan induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Endosulfan at the dose of 3mg/Kg body weight per day was administered orally to Swiss albino mice for 4 weeks. Then after, W. somnifera at the dose of 1000 mg/Kg b.w. was orally administered for 4 weeks. Mice were sacrificed after the completion of the entire treatment. After dissection, the blood samples were collected for biochemical assay, especially for lipid profile analysis. The lipid profile study showed inclination in the Total cholesterol level (117±6.686 mg/dl), Cholesterol (LDL) (78.83±4.151mg/dl), level and Triglycerides level (60.83±2.613mg/dl), while declination in Cholesterol (HDL) (13.50±1.33mg/dl), level after Endosulfan exposure. But, upon W. somnifera treatment to the endosulfan treated group showed significant (p<0.001) normalisation in the lipid profile levels. Therefore, it was concluded that W. somnifera played a vital role to control the endosulfan induced toxicity.
Commentary on “Validation Methods for Aggregate-Level Test Scale Linking: A Case Study Mapping School District Test Score Distributions to a Common Scale”
Authors: von Davier Alina A.
Published: September 2020

In this commentary, I share my perspective on the goals of assessments in general, on linking assessments that were developed according to different specifications and for different purposes, and I propose several considerations for the authors and the readers. This brief commentary is structured around three perspectives (1) the context of this research, (2) the methodology proposed here, and (3) the consequences for applied research.
Songs and Arias Ornamented by Giovanni Battista Velluti, the Last Operatic Castrato
Authors: Crowe Robert
Published: September 2020

This edition consists of twenty-nine songs and arias from the early nineteenth-century solo vocal music repertoire to which Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) Velluti (1780–1861) composed (and frequently, though not always, published) ornamentation. The last great operatic castrato, Velluti, over the course of his career, became increasingly well known not only for his singing, but also for his creative, adventuresome ornaments. His publications of ornamented songs and arias were frequent throughout the last decade of his career, when his singing style became less purely virtuosic and more concerned with affect. The edition includes only ornamented solo songs and arias with a secure attribution to Velluti. Those with doubtful or spurious attribution are excluded, as are Velluti’s ornamented duets and trios, as well as arias in full orchestral score.
The correction of psychoemotional status in young people with overweight with increased consumption of mineral water
Authors: Shklyaev A. E. , Galikhanova Yu. I. , Bessonov A. G. , Maximov K. V.
Published: September 2020

The aim. To study the influence of anthropometric indicators on the results of a drinking test with water of different temperatures, as well as on the psycho-emotional status.

Materials and methods. The study involved 36 students. Conducted: measurement and calculation of basic anthropometric indicators, psychological testing using questionnaires, fasting drinking test with still water of different temperatures for four days with fixing the volume of liquids drunk. All examined students are divided into two groups according to the results of anthropometric examination.

Results. The prevalence of overweight among students was 25,0%. Studies have shown the relationship between the main anthropometric indicators, the amount of fluid drunk and the temperature of the water taken, which indicate a violation of the relaxation accommodation of the stomach in individuals with a large amount of adipose tissue and% relative fat content. An increase in visceral hypersensitivity and a progressive deterioration of the relaxation accommodation of the stomach with an increase in the temperature of the received water were established. As a result of the work done, it was found that with an increase in BMI, a deterioration in well-being, an increase in depression, situational and personal anxiety and neurotization are observed. Overweight students with an increase in the volume and mass of total adipose tissue have a deterioration in mood and a greater tendency to depression. It was also proved the presence of a pronounced positive effect of drinking water on the human body with excess body weight, including its psychoemotional state.

Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to form anthropometric images of a person predisposed to disturbed accommodation of the stomach, taking into account gender, body weight and the nature of the distribution of adipose tissue. These studies confirmed a change in psychoemotional status depending on the main anthropometric indicators. The corrected effect of fasting drinking room-temperature water (30 °C) on the psycho-emotional state of overweight people is shown.
Efficacy of Prokinetic Itopride in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shklyaev A. E. , Kazarin D. D. , Gorbunov Y. V.
Published: September 2020

The constant increase in the incidence of diabetes in the world and the high frequency of lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract with impaired motor function in this category of patients, on the one hand, worsen the clinical picture, and on the other, reduce the effectiveness of sugar-lowering therapy. Currently, specialists have at their disposal a number of prokinetics that contribute to the restoration of the motor-evacuation function of the stomach, but many of them have many undesirable effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of itopride hydrochloride in the treatment of patients with chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori and type 2 diabetes. During the study, both general clinical and more specific research methods were used, in particular, esophagogastroduodenoscopy. According to the results of the study, the use of prokinetics in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus reduces the manifestations of impaired motor-evacuation function of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The results obtained indicate to verify the manifestations of chronic gastritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the identification of motor dysfunction and the need for prokinetic therapy.
Determination of the level of pancreatic elastase as the “gold standard” for assessing the state of the pancreas in pediatric practice
Authors: Rylova N. V. , Zholinsky A. V.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the studywas to assess the state of the pancreas in children, taking into account the indicators of pancreatic elastase of blood serum and feces.

Materials and methods.A study of pancreatic elastase was carried out in 115 children aged 7-15 years with combined gastroduodenal and biliary pathology.

Results.In a comprehensive assessment of the structural and functional state of the pancreas, it was found that in 26.5% of cases there were functional and 45.2% structural changes: chronic pancreatitis - 9.6% of patients, recurrent pancreatitis - 9.9%, reactive pancreatitis - 25.7% of children, dysfunctional disorders - 26.5% of patients. Findings. The studied method has 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity in the differential diagnosis of functional and structural changes in the pancreas. The coprological test allows a quantitative determination of the elastase-1 level, reflecting the degree of pancreatic insufficiency.

Conclusion.Using this test for quantitative determination in serum provides an opportunity to assess the level of enzymemia in reactive pancreatitis. In accordance with modern concepts, pancreatic elastase can be considered as the “gold standard” for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis, a marker for the exocrine function of the pancreatic gland (scatological test) and as an indicator of reactive pancreatitis (definition of serum elastase-1).
Patient with polymyalgia rheumatica — how to prevent gastrointestinal damage?
Authors: Kudina E. V. , Samkova I. A. , Larina V. N.
Published: September 2020

Basis. The problem of multimorbidity and related polypragmasia is highly relevant for health practitioners. Providing treatment a doctor should keep in mind itsall possible negative consequences that might exacerbate other diseases. One of the most current problems of modern pharmacotherapy is the development of gastropatia and other gastrointestinal lesions because of drug intake. It is extremely important for rheumatologic patients, especially elderly ones, due to side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids. Reasonable approach to the prescription of this therapy and side effects prevention is a significant factor of the preventive work of the therapist and the general practitioner of the outpatient service. In patients with rheumatic polymyalgia we showed an approach to long-term treatment of corticosteroids in elderly patients, the aim of which is to achieve a stable remission of the disease and to minimize the undesirable effect of the medication on the gastrointestinal tract.

Aim. Provide an algorithm for the approach to identifying the risk factors of medicinal gastrointestinal lesions and methods for their prevention.

Material and methods. We analyzed literature sources, including Russian guidelines over the last 10 years.

Results. In the article we present an algorithm for detecting the risk of developing gastrointestinal tract lesions against the background of corticosteroid therapy in elderly patients and ways of preventing it.

Conclusion. The prevention of unwanted drug reactions is an important aspect of a doctor’s work, especially in the treatment of elderly patients. The presented algorithm for identification of risk groups and prevention of side effects is intended to help the practical doctor in working with this category of patients.
Reusable FAIR Implementation Profiles as Accelerators of FAIR Convergence
Authors: Magagna Barbara , Schultes Erik Anthony , Pergl Robert , Hettne Kristina Maria , Kuhn Tobias , Suchánek Marek
Published: September 2020

Powerful incentives are driving the adoption of FAIR practices among a broad cross-section of stakeholders. This adoption process must factor in numerous considerations regarding the use of both domain-specific and infrastructural resources. These considerations must be made for each of the FAIR Guiding Principles and include supra-domain objectives such as the maximum reuse of existing resources (i.e., minimised reinvention of the wheel) or maximum interoperation with existing FAIR data and services. Despite the complexity of this task, it is likely that the majority of the decisions will be repeated across communities and that communities can expedite their own FAIR adoption process by judiciously reusing the implementation choices already made by others. To leverage these redundancies and accelerate convergence onto widespread reuse of FAIR implementations, we have developed the concept of FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP) that captures the comprehensive set of implementation choices made at the discretion of individual communities of practice. The collection of community-specific FIPs compose an online resource called the FIP Convergence Matrix which can be used to track the evolving landscape of FAIR implementations and inform optimisation around reuse and interoperation. Ready-made and well-tested FIPs created by trusted communities will find widespread reuse among other communities and could vastly accelerate decision making on well-informed implementations of the FAIR Principles within and particularly between domains.
BOOK REVIEW: “HUMANOMICS: MORAL SENTIMENTS AND THE WEALTH OF NATIONS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY” BY VERNON L. SMITH AND BART J. WILSON
Authors: Thomas Michael D.
Published: September 2020

A review of “Humanomics: Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations for the Twenty-First Century" by Vernon L. Smith and Bart J. Wilson
Aspartoacyclase is differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and associates with patient survival.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States (1). We mined published microarray data (2, 3, 4, 5) to identify differentially expressed genes in NSCLC. We found that the gene encoding aspartoacyclase (ASPA) was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in tumors from patients with NSCLC as compared to the lung. ASPA expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC tumors as compared to the lung, and lower expression of ASPA in patient tumors was significantly associated with worse overall survival. ASPA may be important for initiation or progression of non-small cell lung cancer in humans.
Decisões técnicas, não políticas
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: September 2020

As decisões em qualquer instituição pública devem ser tomadas levando-se em consideração a expertise para os cargos de confiança os quais os indicados comporão. Ética, honestidade e transparência são os elementos mais fundamentais para uma sociedade justa, saudável e com maior equidade.
Steam Flow formulation of the Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator
Authors: touzani samir
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to formulate the steam flow that will be generated by the “Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator” according to its dimensions. For mor detail information refer to the article "Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator"[https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dvr9y] and the preprint "Detail Design - Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator"[https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/wuq92] . The steam Flow is the key point out put of this paper. It will allow to figure out the impact of the sea water desalination engine, its cost and its benefits.
Millimeter-wave Techniques: Theory, Algorithms and Methods
Authors: Liao Shaolin
Published: September 2020

The goal of book is to present the theory, algorithms and methods to design the millimeter-wave Gyrotron beam-shaping antenna system (of good metal conductor, e.g., of aluminum or copper) to shape four roughly Gaussian beams of different frequencies into one specified high-quality Gaussian beam at the output of the mirror system. The input beams are from a quasi-optical launcher which converts each of the following mode/frequency pairs into a roughly Gaussian form: TE21,6 (107.5 GHz), TE22,6 (110.0 GHz), TE24,7 (124.5 GHz) and TE25,7 (127.5 GHz). Each of the output beams from the launcher is to be converted into a Gaussian beam with specified waist radius and with as high a coupling coefficient as possible to an ideal Gaussian beam. A design optimization procedure for the mirror system is developed and applied to the case of the four mode/frequency pairs above. The frequencies are specified because they are of interest to General Atomics. The 127.5 GHz frequency is the ITER start-up frequency. In addition, the design obtained is tested by simulation for two other mode/frequency pairs, TE23,6 (112.9 GHz) and TE23,7 (121.5 GHz). The theory, algorithms and methods required in such multi-mode beam-shaping mirror system designs are investigated. These include (1) the iterative phase retrieval technique for phase retrieval from measured magnitude-only data; (2) a theoretical formula developed to evaluate the validity of the image theorem approximation in the cylindrical geometry used during the mirror system design; (3) the Taylor-FFT algorithm developed in this research work for fast computation of the electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering; (4) the newly developed phase gradient phase correction method for mirror surface correction; and (5) the least mean square optimization method, proposed for multi-mode mirror design. Based on our theory, algorithms and methods, a coupling coefficient to the target Gaussian beam greater than 99.99% is achieved for the single-mode designs and an average coupling coefficient up to 99.50% within the window aperture of 88 mm diameter for the multi-mode design. The design has been successfully verified the Method of Moments software Surf3D.
Choosing for others changes dissociable computations underlying risky decision-making
Authors: Fareri Dominic S. , Stasiak Joanne , Sokol-Hessner Peter
Published: September 2020

Choices under conditions of risk often have consequences not just for ourselves, but for others. Yet, it is unclear how the other’s identity (stranger, close friend, etc.) influences risky choices made on their behalf. Here, two groups of undergraduates made a series of risky economic decisions for themselves, for another person, or for both themselves and another person (i.e., shared outcomes); one group of participants made choices involving a same-sex stranger (n = 29), the other made choices involving a same-sex close friend (n = 28). Hierarchical Bayesian Estimation of computations underlying risky decision-making revealed that relative to choosing for themselves, people were more risk averse, more loss averse, and more consistent when choices involved another person. Interestingly, partner identity differentially modulated decision computations. People became risk neutral and more consistent when choosing for friends relative to strangers. In sum, these findings suggest that the complexity of the social world is mirrored in its nuanced consequences for our choices.
Utopian Impulse: An Individual-differences Approach to Transformative Social Change
Authors: Basso Frederic , Krpan Dario
Published: September 2020

In the present research, we approached utopian thinking from an individual differences perspective and developed the utopian impulse as a psychological construct, defined as the propensity to have thoughts and engage in actions whose purpose is to transform the current society into a better one in the future by addressing existing global issues.
Doesn’t everybody jaywalk? On codified rules that are seldom followed and selectively punished
Authors: Wylie Jordan , Gantman Ana P.
Published: September 2020

Rules are meant to apply equally to all within their jurisdiction. However, some rules are frequently broken without consequence for most. These rules are only occasionally enforced, often at the discretion of a third-party observer. We propose that these rules—whose violations are frequent, and enforcement is rare—constitute a unique subclass of explicitly codified rules, which we call ‘phantom rules’ (e.g., proscribing jaywalking). Their apparent punishability is ambiguous and particularly susceptible to third-party motives. Across six experiments, (N = 1,440) we validated the existence of phantom rules and found evidence for their motivated enforcement. First, people played a modified Dictator Game with a novel frequently broken and rarely enforced rule (i.e., a phantom rule). People enforced this rule more often when the “dictator” was selfish (vs. fair) even though the rule only proscribed fractional offers (not selfishness). Then we turned to third person judgments of the U.S. legal system. We found these violations are recognizable to participants as both illegal and commonplace (Experiment 2), differentiable from violations of prototypical laws (Experiments 3) and enforced in a motivated way (Experiments 4a and 4b). Phantom rule violations (but not prototypical legal violations) are seen as more justifiably punished when the rule violator has also violated a social norm (vs. rule violation alone)—unless the motivation to punish has been satiated (Experiment 5). Phantom rules are frequently broken, codified rules. Consequently, their apparent punishability is ambiguous, and their enforcement is particularly susceptible to third party motives.
No Utilitarians in a Pandemic? Shifts in Moral Reasoning during the COVID-19 Global Health Crisis
Authors: Antoniou Rea , Romero-Kornblum Heather , Young J. Clayton , You Michelle , Kramer Joel , Chiong Winston
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic poses many real-world moral dilemmas, which can pit the needs and rights of the many against the needs and rights of the few. We investigated the influence of this contemporary global crisis on moral judgments in older adults, who are at greatest personal risk from the pandemic. We hypothesized that during this pandemic, individuals would give fewer utilitarian responses to hypothetical dilemmas, accompanied by higher levels of confidence and emotion elicitation. Our pre-registered analysis (https://osf.io/g2wtp) involved two waves of data collection, before (2014) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic, regarding three categories of moral dilemmas (personal rights, agent-centered permissions, and special obligations). While utilitarian responses considered across all categories of dilemma did not differ, participants during the 2020 wave gave fewer utilitarian responses to dilemmas involving personal rights; that is, they were less willing to violate the personal rights of others to produce the best overall outcomes.
Neurotoxic snakebites at a primary healthcare center in Nepal: an experience of a PAHS graduate
Authors: Shrestha Carmina , Acharya Sajan
Published: September 2020

Nepal has one of the highest snakebite fatalities in South Asia. Most bites occur in rural areas where there is a lack of both adequate facilities for treatment and transport. Despite several limitations, prompt access and focus on supportive care are the major strengths of peripheral healthcare centers. Here we present the management of two cases of neurotoxic snakebites. Timely intervention can save lives in case of snakebites; hence establishment of snakebite treatment centers in the periphery can mitigate the problem of delay in care. Patan Academy of Health Sciences can contribute by training medical graduates in snakebite management.
Nurses knowledge and practice regarding oxytocin administration during first stage labor in maternity ward of teaching hospital
Authors: Lohani Bhagabati
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Oxytocin is commonly used for induction of labor. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice regarding oxytocin administration during the first stage of labor in maternity ward.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses of maternity ward of Patan Hospital, Nepal. Data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaire for the knowledge assessment. Observation checklist was used to record the practice. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was done by SPSS version 16.The association and correlation between variables were measured by chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient respectively.

Result: Out of 31 nurse participants, majority (87.1%) had good knowledge and showed moderately good practice (in 70%) regarding oxytocin administration.  The correlation between knowledge and practice on use of oxytocin among the staff nurses had positive relationship(r=0.051).

Conclusion: Majority of nurses had good level of knowledge and moderate level of practice on use of oxytocin.
A medical student’s experience of Nepal earthquake, 2015
Authors: Ghimire Calvin
Published: September 2020

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Nepal on April 25, 2015 killing nearly 9,000 people and injured nearly 22,000.  The tremor at 11:56 am shook Nepal destroying lives and infrastructures, and most importantly dreams and hopes of people. I, as a medical student, express my experiences and joy of helping person in need during these devastating days.
Prevalence Of Nicotine Use and Dependence in Depression
Authors: Dhungel B. , Chapagai M , Pant S. , Tulachan P. , Dhungana S
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Prevalence of tobacco use is universal and individuals suffering from mental disorders come with no exceptions. There is paucity of study looking into prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in patients with depression in low income countries like Nepal. Thus this study aimed at determining the prevalence of tobacco consumption, nicotine dependence and motivation to quit in patients with major depressive disorders.

Material And Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among inpatient and out patients with diagnosis of depression at department of psychiatry and mental health, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Data were collected using semi-structured Porforma and WHO STEPS Instrument for Nicotine Use. Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Modified Fagerström - Smokeless Tobacco, and Assessment of Motivation: Readiness to Quit Ladder was applied for nicotine users. Data were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS version 20.0).

Results: A total of 121 patients with diagnosis of depression were enrolled in the study. 37.2% (n=45) of patient used smoked tobacco only, 9.1% (n=13) used smokeless tobacco and 10.7% (n=11) used both smoked and smokeless tobacco. 92.3% of patients using smokeless forms of tobacco were nicotine dependent whereas this figure reaches to 81.8% in combined users. Median value of readiness to quit tobacco was 6 which indicates they often think about quitting but without any plans which was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Prevalence of nicotine use and dependence was found high among people with depression. Use of standardized and translated screening tools can be used efficiently to evaluate the burden of nicotine use in standard clinical practice in low resource setting like Nepal.
Spirit, Demons, And Mental Disorders In Nepalese Culture, Some Historical Aspects
Authors: Upadhyaya KD
Published: September 2020

Not available.
Exploring the Dark Figure of Hate: Experiences with Police Bias and the Under-reporting of Hate Crime
Authors: Erentzen Caroline , Schuller Regina
Published: September 2020

Hate crimes are notoriously under-reported, and the present research explores possible etiological factors for this phenomenon in a national Canadian sample. Controlling for demographic and offence characteristics, the research shows that victims who had prior experiences with police discrimination were significantly less likely to report hate crimes to police compared to victims of non-hate-based crimes. Additionally, victims experienced hate crimes in a more intersectional way than is typically reflected in police reports, as victims tended to interpret the offence as targeting multiple overlapping identities rather than a solitary hate motivation. These findings reflect the unique nature of hate-motivated offences, whose victims may find it futile to report bias-motivated offences to a police force whom they believe is itself biased. These results suggest possible opportunities to improve reporting of offences and relations between police and marginalized communities.
Qual é a Relação entre Criatividade e Transtorno Mental?
Authors: Nogueira Marina , Fleith Denise de Souza
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a relação entre criatividade e transtornos mentais, discutindo suas implicações psicológicas e sociais. Isso nos possibilita refletir acerca da extensão em que a criatividade é valorizada e aceita em nossa sociedade e como os estereótipos envolvendo pessoas altamente criativas influenciam na sua trajetória de vida. Com base na literatura na área de criatividade, discutiu-se o conceito de criatividade e transtorno mental e buscou-se analisar a inter-relação entre os dois construtos. Pode-se concluir que não há um consenso acerca dessa associação. Tais divergências podem ser explicadas em função da ausência de definição específica dos construtos e da necessidade de se determinar qual transtorno foi investigado e em relação a qual dimensão de criatividade. Não se trata de uma relação direta, causal, simplista ou global. Também discute-se acerca da maneira como os padrões sociais determinam e diferenciam o indivíduo altamente criativo daquele que apresentam comportamentos desviantes.
Uma proposta conceitual para o estudo comportamental do desenvolvimento e criatividade individual: A árvore de comportamentos
Authors: Neves Filho Hernando Borges , Leite Felipe Lustosa , Araripe Natalie Brito , Picanço Carlos Rafael Fernandes
Published: September 2020

Criatividade e desenvolvimento humano são duas áreas de pesquisa nas quais a Análise do Comportamento tem tido inserção ativa. Entretanto, dado que estas inserções ocorreram em paralelo, há pouco diálogo entre as abordagens comportamentais da criatividade e do desenvolvimento. No presente ensaio, tal aproximação é feita, indicando pontos de encontro entre pesquisas nos dois temas. Como produto dessa aproximação, é apresentada a árvore de comportamentos, um diagrama esquemático com fins de planejamento de intervenções comportamentais. A arvore de comportamentos é um diagrama que explicita e mapeia o repertório comportamental individual, levando em conta variáveis filogenéticas, ontogenéticas e culturais, de modo a permitir o planejamento de programas de ensino que fomentem a criatividade (i.e. comportamento novo e funcional). Implicações e vantagens da adoção deste tipo de diagrama para planejamento de intervenções são discutidas ao final.
ANALISIS SISTEM AKUNTANSI PENGGAJIAN DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN PENGENDALIAN INTERN PADA PT. SARANA SULUT VENTURA
Authors: Jones Jeni , Karamoy Herman , Pangerapan Sonny
Published: September 2020

Payroll accounting system is a group of human resources and equipment designed to process company data in the form of information. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of a payroll accounting system to internal control at PT Sarana Sulut Ventura with descriptive qualitative method. This study finds that the documents and records are good, but the functions, procedures, and internal control are not good. This result indicates that the payroll accounting system applied at PT Sarana Sulut Ventura has not been good and is not in accordance with generally accepted theories. This has an impact on the internal control system applied at PT Sarana Sulut Ventura, which is also inadequate because it does not meet the components of good internal control.
Karakteristik Psikologis Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Intuitif dan Reflektif
Authors: Habibullah Habibullah , Isti Ratnasari Gamarina , Puspitarani Puspitarani , Salviana Salviana
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan tinjauan literatur yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik psikologis siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari kecerdasan intuitif dan reflektif. Kecerdasan intuitif adalah suatu istilah psikologi dalam proses pemahaman kognitif yang secara spontan memunculkan dan menyeleksi konsep ataupun skema yang sudah diketahui dengan cara memahami pengetahuan melalui sesuatu yang konkret, eksperimental, atau secara intelektual untuk merespon stimulus dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi. Sedangkan kecerdasan reflektif adalah proses kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan aktif, gigih, terarah dan penuh pertimbangan dalam menganalisis, mengevaluasi, memotivasi, mendapatkan makna yang mendalam, dan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat. Kecerdasan intuitif dan reflektif memiliki peranan penting dalam pembelajaran di sekolah, sehingga sebaiknya perlu dikembangkan dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya pada pelajaran matematika agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah.
PELATIHAN RANCANG BANGUN PERALATAN ELEKTRONIK MENGGUNAKAN RASPBERRY PI UNTUK SISWA
Authors: Mohammad Fadly Syah Putra  , Sarah Purnamawati  , Ainul Hizriadi
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan perangkat elektronik sedemikan berkembangnya sehingga mencapai ukuran yang semakin kecil, ikut diimbangi dengan meningkatnya pemanfaatan perangkat tersebut dalam kurikulum pendidikan di perguruan tinggi. Bahkan, di wilayah negara lain, kurikulum pendidikan yang mengajarkan tentang rancang bangun perangkat elektronik telah dimulai di jenjang pendidikan sekolah dasar. Saat ini di Indonesia, pengajaran tentang rancang bangun perangkat elektronik di jenjang pendidikan hanya di beberapa sekolah tertentu saja. Namun, minat peserta didik terhadap bidang ini semakin meningkat, yang dapat dilihat dari semakin banyaknya kontes robotika di daerah maupun dalam skala nasional. Potensi positif yang dapat diberikan oleh teknologi ini akan dapat berperan di masa yang akan datang, dimana peserta didik nantinya diharapkan mampu untuk menciptakan perangkat elektronik tepat guna, dan tidak hanya menjadi konsumen produk-produk perangkat elektronik yang diproduksi dari luar. Selain dibuat menjadi sebuah robot, contoh lain pemanfaatan perangkat elektronik di masyarakat adalah pembuatan pengendali motor listrik, saklar yang bisa dikendalikan jarak jauh, pengendali lampu, bahkan dapat menjadi sebuah komputer dengan ukuran kecil. Di kurikulum perguruan tinggi, perangkat elektronik yang dipelajari adalah dari sisi sebagai mikrokontroler, yaitu sebuah komponen berbentuk chip yang mampu melakukan komputasi fungsional. Di kurikulum pendidikan dasar dan menengah, perangkat elektronik yang diajarkan lebih mengarah kepada kemampuan siswa menggunakan logika untuk memerintahkan perangkat tersebut mengerjakan pekerjaan tertentu. Salah satu media yang sering dimanfaatkan untuk  penelitian,  permainan, dan juga pendidikan rancang bangun perangkat elektronik adalah Raspberry Pi. Alat ini   dapat berfungsi sebagai mikrokontroler ataupun sebagai Personal Computer (PC) berukuran kecil. Selain cukup mudah mendapatkannya, harganya juga cukup murah.
PENYULUHAN HUKUM POLIGAMI DAN NIKAH SIRI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN
Authors: Syarifah Lisa Andriati  , Tri Murti Lubis
Published: September 2020

Poligami sering kurang dipahami sehingga mendapatkan tanggapan yang kurang menyenangkan dari khalayak. Meskipun demikian, disepakati bukan ajarannya yang harus disalahkan tapi lebih kepada praktik yang tidak sesuai tapi lebih sering didasarkan untuk pemenuhan nafsu. Padahal di sisi lain, poligami dapat menjadi solusi sosial apabila dilakukan secara benar. Selain itu terdapat juga kriminalisasi dari poligami dan nikah siri.Masalah nikah siri juga ramai dibicarakan di berbagai media cetak maupun elektronik. Terdapat berbagai pandangan terhadap nikah siri terutama yang dilakukan tanpa adanya wali si perempuan. Dalam hal ini timbul berbagai pandangan. Penyuluhan hukum Poligami dan nikah siri yang dilakukan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang hukum poligami dan nikah siri menurut undang-undang perkawinan. Dari hasil evaluasi, kegiatan pelatihan ini dapat dikatakan cukup berhasil. Dari pertanyaan yang diajukan peserta tergambar peningkatan pemahaman peserta terhadap hukum tentang poligami dan nikah siri dan diharapkan dapat segera terbentuk kelompok binaan yang dapat membantu masyarakat dalam menjawab berbagai persoalan yang berkaitan dengan poligami dan nikah siri di lingkungan masyarakat tersebut.
PEMBINAAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI APLIKASI GERAKAN MASYARAKAT CERDAS MENGGUNAKAN OBAT (GeMa CerMat)
Authors: Khairunnisa  , Embun Suci Nasution
Published: September 2020

Masalah penggunaan obat tidak rasional merupakan masalah yang menjadi perhatian besaroleh Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia. Pada masyarakat seringkali dijumpai berbagai masalahdalam penggunaan obat, misalnya penggunaan obat bebas secara tidak tepat dan kurangnyapemahaman tentang cara menggunakan, cara menyimpan dan membuang obat-obatan secara tidaktepat. Hal ini disebabkan masih kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat dan perilaku yang salah dalampenggunaan obat. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyrakat dalam penggunaanobat perlu dilakukan edukasi kepada masyarakat mengenai pemilihan obat dan penggunaan obatyang rasional melalui pelatihan yang merupakan bagian dari Gerakan Masyarakat CerdasMenggunakan Obat (GeMaCerMat).Pelatihan GeMaCerMat ini menggunakan metode Cara Belajar Ibu Aktif (CBIA). Metode inisesuai digunakan untuk melakukan edukasi tentang penggunaan obat rasional terutama dalampenggunaan obat swamedikasi dan metode ini kami tawarkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini.Hal inikarena sasaran dari pengabdian ini merupakan ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai peranan pentinguntuk mengambil keputusan dalam penggunaan obat di keluarga. Metode CBIA ini dibagi dalam 3tahapan: kegiatan I dan II dilakukan dalam kelompok, dan kegiatan III dilakukan secara individualdi rumah dan dievaluasi dalam pertemuan berikutnya.Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini sangat membantu dan dapat memberikanmanfaat yang baik kepada masyarakat karena kegiatan ini dapat memberikan dampak yang cukupbesar terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini terbukti mampu meningkatkanpersepsi dan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap penggunaan obat-obatan secara rasional terutamaobat-obatan yang diguna sebagai pengobatan swamedikasi. Metode kegiatan CBIA sebagai metodepembelajaran kepada masyarakat banyak digunakan dan sangat efektif sebagai metode edukasikesehatan kepada masyarakat.
PENDIDIKAN HUKUM PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DAN DAMPAK NARKOTIKA TERHADAP ANAK
Authors: Marlina  , Mahmud mulayadi  , Liza erwina
Published: September 2020

Maraknya tindak pidana narkotika yang terjadi di masyarakat menimbulkan permasalahan besar karena korbannya tidak hanya orang dewasa akan tetapi juga anak-anak. Tindak pidana narkotika juga terjadi disemua lapisan masyarakat mulai dari kelas ekonomi rendah sampai ke kelas atas baik di kota maupun di desa. Desa Salam Tani Kecamatan Pancur Batu dan Desa Tengan Kecamatan Pancur adalah dua desa yang menjadi mitra dalam pengabdian ini, Di dua desa tersebut permasalahan narkotika merupakan permasalahan yang sangat mengkhawatirkan. Banyak faktor pendukung peredaran narkotika diantaranya, wilayah mitra, mata pencaharian masyarakatnya sebagian buruh sawit dan buruh tani, tingkat penghasilan yang rendah menyebabkan anak tidak terpantau hanya tamat SMA dan SMP sertA tidak memiliki kegiatan.

Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan pendekatan secara persuasif dan intensif kepada masyarakat, pimpinan pemerintahan desa dan kecamatan,  dengan komunikasi ringan dan terstruktur.. Selanjutnya dilakukan pertemuan dalam forum yang formal di balai desanya untuk lebih tegas dan jelas dalam menyampaikan materinya. Penyampaian materi secara ceramah dan tutorial kepada masyarakat guna memberikan pemahaman tentang tindak pidana narkotika dan dampak pengunaannya. Selanjuntya dilakukan diskusi dan wawancara serta mengali permasalahan dan solusi yang diinginkan oleh masyarakat dalam pencegahan tindak pidana narkotika. Akhir pertemuan dilakukan evaluasi dan konsultasi bersamaan dengan pengisian biodata lengkap. Forum diskusi ini juga di hadiri unsur pimpinan desa, kecamatan dan masyarakat, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, orang tua dan remaja.

Hasil dari pengabdian adanya peningkatan pemahaman dan pengetahuan hukum masyarakat tentang bentuk tindak pidana narkotika, modus tindak pidana narkotika, kebijakan hukum terhadap anak penyalahgunaan narkotika, serta peran kerjasama komponen masyarakat dalam pencegahan tindak pidana dan dampaknya terhadap anak. Pada akhirnya terciptanya kekuatan peran masyarakat dalam mencegah tindak pidana narkotika di lingkungannya.
THE PATTERN OF SAFETY AND HEALTH WORK TO PREVENT MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AT WELDING WORKER IN MAHKAMAH STREET MEDAN
Authors: Eka Lestari Mahyuni  , Kalsum  , Makmur Sinaga
Published: September 2020

The welding worker has a potential risk in their work whereas the posture in welding process was notergonomic. The fatique or musculoskeletal disorders happened at the welding worker shown by theirvertebra disorders and some complaint like feel pain in their bone and muscle. The posture like bendingover to the floor or squate position in a long duration would giving the fatique complaint at the last process.The purpose of this research was to implement the pattern of safety and health work as the preventionaction for decrease the musculoskeletal disorders. This is an observasional survey by using the handycam todocumented the posture and use the Participatory Action Research approach. Nordic body mapquestionnaire used to present the mapping of musculoskeletal disorders that happened at the weldingworker. The results showed the pattern of safety and health work could be implement at the welding workersuch as change the posture with welding in standing posture by using the work bench and do the ergonomicrelaxation in 2-3 minutes if the worker feel pain in the part of their body, then do the full ergonomicexercises after the work. The result show that the workers feel pain at their knee, waist, hand, back andshoulder after their work. When they implement the ergonomic relaxation or exercises the musculoskeletaldisorders are decrease in 67 % than before and feel productive to continue their work. In conclusion, theergonomic exercise and relaxation could decrease the musculoskeletal disorders at the welding worker inMahkamah street Medan. Recommended to the host of welding informal industry to arranged their worktime for implement the ergonomic exercise in daily to decrease the musculoskeletal disorders at weldingprocess.