bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regression-Based Proximal Causal Inference
Authors: Liu Jiewen , Park Chan , Li Kendrick , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J
Published: September 2024

Negative controls are increasingly used to evaluate the presence of potential unmeasured confounding in observational studies. Beyond the use of negative controls to detect the presence of residual confounding, proximal causal inference (PCI) was recently proposed to de-bias confounded causal effect estimates, by leveraging a pair of treatment and outcome negative control or confounding proxy variables. While formal methods for statistical inference have been developed for PCI, these methods can be challenging to implement as they involve solving complex integral equations that are typically ill-posed. We develop a regression-based PCI approach, employing two-stage generalized linear regression models (GLMs) to implement PCI, which obviates the need to solve difficult integral equations. The proposed approach has merit in that (i) it is applicable to continuous, count, and binary outcomes cases, making it relevant to a wide range of real-world applications, and (ii) it is easy to implement using off-the-shelf software for GLMs. We establish the statistical properties of regression-based PCI and illustrate their performance in both synthetic and real-world empirical applications.
GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT1 functions upstream of reactive carbonyl species production in Arabidopsis guard-cell abscisic acid signaling
Authors: Shaiek Oumayma , Yin Huifei , Uesako Nodoka , Islam Md Moshiul , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Munemasa Shintaro , Mano Jun'ichi , Murata Yoshiyuki
Published: September 2024

GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT1 (GHR1), a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, is involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. We investigated the role of GHR1 in reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for ABA-induced stomatal closure. ABA induced ROS production in wild type (WT) and the ghr1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Hydrogen peroxide induced stomatal closure, accompanying the generation of acrolein in guard cells. The reactive carbonyl species (RCS) scavengers inhibited the ABA- and H2O2-induced stomatal closure in WT. In the ghr1, H2O2 failed to induce acrolein production and stomatal closure while RCS induced stomatal closure. Thus, GHR1 functions downstream of ROS and is required for the generation of RCS in guard-cell ABA signaling. In the ghr1, Ca2+ induced stomatal closure but RCS did not activate ICa channels. The GHR1 may be also involved in a Ca2+-independent pathway for ABA-induced stomatal closure.
MPRAVarDB: an online database and web server for exploring regulatory effects of genetic variants
Authors: Jin Weijia , Xia Yi , Nizomov Javlon , Liu Yunlong , Li Zhigang , Lu Qing , Chen Li
Published: September 2024

Massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) is an important technology for evaluating the impact of genetic variants on gene regulation. Here, we present MPRAVarDB, an online database and web server for exploring regulatory effects of genetic variants. MPRAVarDB harbors 18 MPRA experiments designed to assess the regulatory effects of genetic variants associated with GWAS loci, eQTLs, and genomic features, totaling 242 818 variants tested more than 30 cell lines and 30 human diseases or traits. MPRAVarDB enables users to query MPRA variants by genomic region, disease and cell line, or any combination of these parameters. Notably, MPRAVarDB offers a suite of pretrained machine-learning models tailored to the specific disease and cell line, facilitating the prediction of regulatory variants. The user-friendly interface allows users to receive query and prediction results with just a few clicks.

Availability and implementation

https://mpravardb.rc.ufl.edu
Causal association among glaucoma, cerebral cortical structures, and Alzheimer’s disease: insights from genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Zhou Xiaoyu , Yuan Xiang-Ling , Xu Jiahao , Zhang Xinyue , Duan Xuanchu
Published: September 2024

Glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease are critical degenerative neuropathies with global impact. Previous studies have indicated that glaucomatous damage could extend beyond ocular structures, leading to brain alterations potentially associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk. This study aimed to explore the causal associations among glaucoma, brain alterations, and Alzheimer’s disease. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the genetic correlation and causality between glaucoma, glaucoma endophenotypes, cerebral cortical surficial area and thickness, and Alzheimer’s disease (including late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive performance, and reaction time) using linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization. This study showed suggestive genetic correlations between glaucoma, cortical structures, and Alzheimer’s disease. The genetically predicted all-caused glaucoma was nominally associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99, P = 0.013). We found evidence for suggestive causality between glaucoma (endophenotypes) and 20 cortical regions and between 29 cortical regions and Alzheimer’s disease (endophenotypes). Four cortical regions were causally associated with cognitive performance or reaction time at a significant threshold (P < 6.2E-04). Thirteen shared cortical regions between glaucoma (endophenotypes) and Alzheimer’s disease (endophenotypes) were identified. Our findings complex causal relationships among glaucoma, cerebral cortical structures, and Alzheimer’s disease. More studies are required to clarify the mediation effect of cortical alterations in the relationship between glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease.
Novel Green Chromatographic Approaches for Estimation of a Triple Common Cold Pharmaceutical Combination
Authors: Soliman Rabab M , Rostom Yasmin , Fayez Yasmin M , Mostafa Nadia M , Monir Hany H
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, there is a strong interest in the scientific community in developing innovative methodologies within a green analytical chemistry framework. Herein, we introduce the first chromatographic approaches for the concurrent estimation of paracetamol (PAR), carbinoxamine (CRX), and pseudoephedrine (PSE) intended to relieve COVID-19 and common cold symptoms. The first method was thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry, which depends on the separation of the studied medications on TLC silica gel plates using ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (7.0: 3.0: 0.2, by volume) as the developing system, and were scanned at 208.0 nm. The data were linear in the ranges of 1–25 μg/band for PAR, 1–25 μg/band for PSE and 0.1–5 μg/band for CRX. The second method was reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation on a Kromasil C18 column using a mixture of 0.01 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1% triethylamine (pH 3.5) adjusted with orthophosphoric acid and ethanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in a gradient program. The separated peaks were detected at 215.0 nm over a concentration range of 10–250 μg/mL for PAR, 5–35 μg/mL for PSE, and 0.5–25 μg/mL for CRX. Both approaches were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Finally, the impact of these methods on the environment was evaluated by many tools.
Evaluation and Management of Pelvic Osteomyelitis in Stage IV Pressure Injuries: A Multidisciplinary Collaborative Approach
Authors: El Zein Said , Melin Matthew M , Suh Gina A , Tran N V , Rose Peter S , Berbari Elie F
Published: September 2024

Managing pelvic osteomyelitis (POM) in the setting of stage IV pressure injuries requires multidisciplinary evaluation as well as patient and caregiver engagement and is complicated by the lack of high-evidence data to guide best practices. In this review, we describe our approach to pressure injury and POM evaluation and management through multidisciplinary collaboration and highlight areas of future research that are necessary to enhance patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and improve the quality of life of those affected by POM.
Assessing left atrial dysfunction in cardiac amyloidosis using LA–LV strain slope
Authors: Edbom Fredrik , Lindqvist Per , Wiklund Urban , Pilebro Björn , Anan Intissar , Flachskampf Frank A , Arvidsson Sandra
Published: September 2024

Aims

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative disease of the myocardium in which extracellular deposits of amyloid cause progressive cardiac impairment. We aimed to evaluate left atrial (LA) deformation and its association with left ventricular (LV) deformation using LA–LV strain loops in patients with ATTR-CM and patients with LV hypertrophy (LVH). We hypothesized that LA strain in ATTR-CM patients is abnormal and more independent of LV strain, compared to LVH patients.

Methods and results

Retrospective study based on echocardiographic data including 30 patients diagnosed with ATTR-CM based on an end-diastolic interventricular septal (IVSd) thickness of ≥14 mm, and 29 patients with LVH (IVSd ≥ 14 mm and no ATTR-CM diagnosis) together with 30 controls. LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and LA strain, assessed as peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), were acquired and plotted to construct LA–LV strain loops and used regression line to determine a LA–LV strain slope. Significantly lower PALS and LA–LV strain slope values were detected in ATTR-CM patients compared to LVH patients (P = 0.004 and P = 0.014, respectively). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated similar area under the curve (AUC) using PALS (AUC 0.72) and LA–LV slope (AUC 0.71), with both resulting in higher values than recorded for LV-GLS (AUC 0.62).

Conclusion

LA deformation demonstrates an independent ability to differentiate ATTR-CM from LVH. Combining LV strain and LA deformation analysis displays the mechanical LA–LV dissociation in ATTR cardiac amyloidosis and potentially unmasks LA amyloid infiltration; this could potentially enable quicker diagnosis and initiation of treatment for ATTR-CM.
Congenital heart defects in children born after assisted reproductive technology: a CoNARTaS study
Authors: Sargisian Nona , Petzold Max , Furenäs Eva , Gissler Mika , Spangmose Anne Lærke , Malchau Lauesgaard Sara , Opdahl Signe , Pinborg Anja , Henningsen Anna-Karina A , Westvik-Johari Kjersti , Rönö Kristiina , Bergh Christina , Wennerholm Ulla-Britt
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Children born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) have worse perinatal outcomes compared with spontaneously conceived children. This study investigates whether children conceived after ART have a higher risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) compared with children born after spontaneous conception (SC).

Methods

All 7 747 637 liveborn children in Denmark (1994–2014), Finland (1990–2014), Norway (1984–2015), and Sweden (1987–2015), where 171 735 children were conceived after ART, were included. National ART and medical birth registry data were cross-linked with data from other health and population registries. Outcomes were major CHDs, severe CHDs, 6 hierarchical CHD lesion groups, and 10 selected major CHDs, diagnosed prenatally or up to 1 year of age (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden) and prenatally or at birth (Norway). The association between ART and CHDs was assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for available confounders.

Results

Major CHDs were detected in 3159 children born after ART (1.84%) and in 86 824 children born after SC [1.15%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.41]. Risk was highest in multiples, regardless of conception method. Severe CHDs were detected in 594 children born after ART (0.35%) and in 19 375 children born after SC (0.26%; AOR 1.30; 95% CI 1.20–1.42). Risk was similar between ICSI and IVF and between frozen and fresh embryo transfer.

Conclusions

Assisted reproductive technology–conceived children have a higher prevalence of major CHDs, being rare, but severe conditions. The absolute risks are, however, modest and partly associated with multiple pregnancies, more prevalent in ART.
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: indications and future perspective
Authors: Natale Andrea , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Sanders Prashanthan , Anter Elad , Shah Ashok , Al Mohani Ghaliah , Haissaguerre Michael
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in techniques, technologies and proven superiority over anti-arrhythmic drugs have made catheter ablation the cornerstone of management for atrial fibrillation (AF), which has shown a steady increase in prevalence in the ageing population worldwide. The aim of therapeutic interventions is to achieve stable sinus rhythm that would improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of AF-associated complications. Pulmonary veins (PVs) were first described as the source of initiation of ectopic triggers driving AF, which led to the establishment of PV isolation (PVI) as the most widely practiced procedure to treat AF. Antral PVI is still recognized as the stand-alone ablation strategy for newly diagnosed paroxysmal AF (PAF). However, in non-PAF patients, PVI seems to be inadequate and several adjunctive strategies, including ablation of left atrial posterior wall and non-PV triggers, AF mapping and ablation of rotors and drivers, ethanol infusion of vein of Marshall and renal denervation, etc. have been reported with mixed results. Recent trials have also documented the benefits of early rhythm control in preventing cardiovascular events in addition to slowing the progression of PAF to more persistent forms. Similarly, very late relapse of the arrhythmia after successful PVI has drawn attention to the critical role of non-PV triggers and highlighted their relevance as potential ablation targets during repeat procedures. Ablation technology is also under constant evolution with the introduction of non-thermal energy sources and new tools to create durable lesions. This review summarizes the indications, advancements, and future perspective of AF ablation.
153 ”We’re unburdened” - Audio diaries as a novel and inclusive approach to movement behaviours in mental health
Authors: Pina Ilaria , Anderson Kirstie , Oliver Emily J
Published: September 2024

Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep are traditionally measured with quantitative approaches, limiting the possibility to capture information on type and context of these behaviours. Here, we adopted a flexible approach with audio diaries to explore movement behaviours in people living with severe mental illness (SMI). Audio diaries are an affordable approach, potentially able to overcome health inequalities and literacy levels. However, the use of this method in exploring movement behaviours in mental health is limited.

Qualitative data were generated using audio diaries for 7 days with 9 participants experiencing SMI. Semi-structured interviews on the method were performed at the end of data generation. These were conducted online or in-person and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. This study was grounded ontologically in relativism and epistemologically in constructionism, with an experiential orientation to data interpretation to capture participants’ perspectives of movement behaviours. The protocol for the use of audio diaries has been co-produced with a lived experience advisory panel.

Four themes were developed: finding themselves in a “vicious circle” with physical, mental issues impacting movement behaviours and vice versa; daily internal dialogue – repetitive thoughts that attempt to override daily functioning, movement and sleep; “Do not let fatigue win” by pushing through the day – motivation vs commitment; positive AND negative awareness of the importance of movement behaviours. The fluidity in speech enabling an immediate response and the control over how participants recorded their account, led to high acceptability and completion rates. The use of audio diaries was experienced as cathartic in that it helped to reflect upon the challenges in movement behaviours when the emotional load had a severe impact on daily life.

Participants showed awareness of the need to be physically active. However, when people faced increased mental or physical burden, this contributed to feelings of frustration, with completion of activities driven by guilt rather than enjoyment. Attention should be given to public health messaging for movement behaviours in mental health with involvement of people with lived experience of SMI. The value of verbalisation with audio diaries could offer an in-depth understanding of processes underpinning health-related behaviours.
162 A qualitative investigation into causal mechanisms underpinning adherence to physical activity programmes among people with serious mental illness
Authors: Machaczek Katarzyna , Quirk Helen , Burton Hannah
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Increasing physical activity could reduce the mortality gap experienced by people with serious mental illness (SMI). To be beneficial, physical activity needs to be undertaken regularly over an extended period. This study provides insights into how best to support continued activity for people with SMI by uncovering the underpinning causal mechanisms.

Methods

An international sample of stakeholders (n = 19) were consulted. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with i) peer physical activity practitioners (n = 5) who were involved in the design and delivery of physical activity programmes for people with SMI, ii) physical activity leaders (n = 3) and iii) people with SMI who participated in these physical activity programmes (n = 25). Data were analysed using Framework analysis.

Results

Activity that is designed specifically for people with SMI and incorporates structured socialisation opportunities facilitates adherence. Gradual exposure to the group is needed, along with 1-to-1 support incorporating personalised goals. Socialisation opportunities require meticulous planning by the practitioners to carefully curate social interactions that encourage bonding between participants.

Adherence is supported when programmes are scheduled, regular and have no end date. Programmes must address accessibility needs of participants, for example, ensuring that people are supported to get to and from physical activity venues and help them overcome social anxiety. Tailoring support to the fluctuating symptoms of SMI is also imperative.

Qualities of practitioners deemed essential for adherence include soft skills such as the ability to foster warm connections, be accepting and non-judgemental, cultivate mutual respect, not put pressure on participants and encourage autonomous motivation. Mutual compatibility between the participant and practitioner is important and therefore having a choice of practitioners is critical. Adherence is supported when programmes are (co)delivered by practitioners who have lived experience of SMI and who are genuine and vulnerable (they share personal mental health experiences).

Conclusions

A combination of soft skills in practitioners and resource-intensive intervention components determine adherence to physical activity programmes among people with SMI. Ensuring that programmes are adequately planned, supported and resourced with consideration to these mechanisms will be critical for their ability to foster prolonged participation.

Funding

This study was supported by the NIHR Clinical Research Network.
39 Are you well? An investigation into the health-related behaviours and wellbeing of Dundalk Institute of Technology (DKIT) students. A pilot study
Authors: Kilroy Sean , O’Connor Sinead , Hackett Fiona , Gregory Noeleen ,   BSc (Hons) Health & Physical Activity Students
Published: September 2024

Introduction

For young adults, adjustment into student life can often be a difficult and challenging time with students facing academic demands, social network changes, financial constraints, and the transition to independence. As a result, many college students tend to engage in harmful health related behaviours which may consequently impact their overall wellbeing. Physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, smoking tobacco, and poor dietary habits are considered main contributing factors associated with chronic disease. In addition, risky health related behaviours and poor wellbeing are associated with attendance issues, cognitive decline, and poor academic performance in the student population.

Aims

To examine the health-related behaviours and wellbeing of students attending DKIT.

Methods

A cross-sectional sample of DKIT students over the age of 18 were recruited by convenience sampling through flyers, peer referrals and word-of-mouth. Participants provided informed consent prior to completing a fitness assessment and self-report survey to examine their body mass index (BMI), physical activity levels (IPAQ-SF), sporting participation, sedentary behavior, sleep quality (PSQI), dietary habits, smoking status, and alcohol consumption.

Results

In total, 169 students (52% Males and 45% Females) took part in the study. Of the sample, 32% were overweight or obese, 23% reported being insufficiently active, 27% did not take part in sport while the average sitting time of students on a typical weekday was 6 hours. In addition, 27% consumed alcohol at least once a week, 8% regularly smoke tobacco and 21% currently use E-cigarettes. Regarding dietary habits, only 50% of students had fruit and 45% had vegetables once or more a day. Finally, 56% of students experienced poor sleep quality and over 15% of the participants reported poor wellbeing.

Conclusion

Understanding these risky health related behaviours in the student population may help guide colleges and universities to adopt better health promotion strategies and interventions to increase awareness, further educate and provide additional support and opportunities for the wellbeing of students.
145 Co-producing a physical activity referral scheme for the German healthcare system: A qualitative analysis of stakeholder experiences
Authors: Klamroth Sarah , Mino Eriselda , Weissenfels Anja , Naber Inga , Geidl Wolfgang , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are a promising strategy to promote physical activity within healthcare settings. Despite the perceived potential of PARS, no national scheme has yet been implemented in Germany. This study investigated stakeholders’ experiences with the development of a PARS in the German healthcare system using a co-production approach. The focus was on examining facilitators and challenges, along with gathering insights on potential modifications to the joint development process, all from the viewpoint of stakeholders.

Methods

Based on 25 stakeholders participating in the co-production process, seven stakeholders were purposefully selected for one-to-one semi-structured interviews. Following the maximum variation principle, interview partners represented a variety of participating stakeholders regarding the health sector they belong to, the stakeholders’ position within their organization and their attendance during the development phase. We analyzed the interview transcripts using summarizing qualitative content analysis (software MAXQDA 2022).

Results

The following factors were identified as facilitators of the development process: co-production approach, process of co-production, multi-sector stakeholder group, possibility of active participation, coordinating role of researchers, communication, atmosphere and interaction. In contrast, differences in roles and hierarchy, merging of different perspectives, clarification of intervention costs, and competition and conflicting interests were pointed out as challenges. Interviewees made a few suggestions for improving group composition and cooperation among stakeholders.

Conclusions

Overall, stakeholder experiences with the development process were overwhelmingly positive, indicating that co-production is a beneficial approach for the development of PARS intended for integration into healthcare systems. To further improve co-production of PARS models and other interdisciplinary health services, scientists should report on and evaluate the collaborative development processes more frequently and systematically.

Support/Funding Source

The study is funded by the Federal Ministry of Health based on a resolution of the German ‘Bundestag’ by the federal government.
140 Development of public facing physical activity messages to accompany the updated National Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Ireland
Authors: Williamson Chloë , Power Dylan , Murtagh Elaine
Published: September 2024

Purpose

One assumption that has been made previously is that physical activity (PA) guidelines themselves double up as effective PA messages, yet PA guideline knowledge remains low. This study aimed to develop public-facing messages to accompany the Updated National Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Ireland (forthcoming – March 2024).

Methods

For each guideline population subgroup (n = 6), available evidence relating to concepts within the Physical Activity Messaging Framework was used to develop two messages sets with distinct aims. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel, set 1 utilised education, aiming to increase knowledge. Set 2 utilised persuasion, aiming to improve perceptions, attitudes, and motivation. Messages were shared with the public in an online survey comprising Likert scale questions to assess clarity and relevance (set 1) and motivation and appeal (set 2), and open-ended questions to gain feedback on messages. Feedback was discussed at a Stakeholder Consensus Meeting which informed consensus on final messages for each subgroup.

Results

The survey received 215 public responses (70% female). Overall, there was strong agreement that message sets 1 and 2 were clear, relevant, motivational, and appealing to the reader. For each subgroup, consensus was reached on a bank of messages for sets 1 and 2. For message set 1, a preference for presenting guidelines as hours and minutes (e.g., 2 hours and 30 minutes) as opposed to minutes (e.g., 150 minutes) was identified. For message set 2, top ranked messages focused on shorter term benefits of PA such as mental and social health outcomes. “Every move is a good move” and “Every move counts” were proposed as overall taglines to link messages.

Conclusions

This was the first study to apply the PAMF prescriptively to develop public facing PA messages concurrent with the development of updated national PA guidelines. This process allowed for a bank of evidence-based and targeted PA messages for dissemination in Ireland for 6 population subgroups. In line with the Global Action Plan for Physical Activity 2018-2030, these messages have the potential to change PA knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes, and contribute to promoting population level health-enhancing PA.

Funding Source

Health Service Executive (HSE).
202 Football Cooperative, a community-based physical activity social intervention for men: The development of an implementation strategy for scale-up
Authors: Mcdermott Christopher
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Gender-sensitised health promotion strategies are crucial for men for several reasons including; Addressing male-specific health issues, Improving mental health, and promoting healthy lifestyles. Football Cooperative (FC) provides social games aimed at enhancing overall health and well-being among men and has the potential to return benefits including decreased blood pressure, heart rate, and fat mass, which presents solutions to address existing challenges in men’s health.

This study aims to evaluate FC and gain insights into operating characteristics, both internally and externally, and learn from good practices, to develop a scalable implementation strategy for FC.

Methods

The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided qualitative data collection from various stakeholders for this study, including; Interviews (n = 26), Ad hoc Interviews (n = 9), and Focus Groups (n = 3). Ethnographic data was collected through researcher participation in weekly games and completing reflective logs (n = 8).

Data was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed via thematic analysis. This analytical approach was guided by CFIR and in collaboration with a multi-disciplinary research team.

Results

Six main determinants were identified from the data including 1: Culture defined by inclusivity and diversity, developing community, creating a pressure-free environment and embracing values such as respect, 2: Game Characteristics - which are the structure of how games are implemented, 3: Motivations to Participate - which are the key factors that bring men to FC games, 4: Benefits of Participation is concerned with the positive benefits the games have on their lives, 5: Facilitators of Participation defined by anything that makes games accessible to men, and 6: Barriers to Participation is defined by anything that make participation challenging.

Conclusions

Various elements are essential to replicating FC at new sites and their inclusion should form a final strategy. Bringing the FC Culture to new venues, avoiding late start times, and ensuring flexibility when working with new stakeholders regionally are important, as are branding and communication alignment. Volunteer recruitment and management are at the core of FC and policy to support this is critical, as is the accessibility of games in terms of price, ability, and ease of joining games.

Funding

South East Technological University & UEFA
211 From Motion by Emotion to Well-Being: How Regular Physical Activity Enhances Life Satisfaction through Self–Control and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Potoczny Wiktor , Krzywoszanski Lukasz , Herzog-Krzywoszanska Radoslawa
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Physical activity is crucial for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. Regular participation in sports-related activities contributes to psychophysiological and social well-being. Researchers are investigating the psychological factors that may be responsible for this mechanism. Current research is one of the first to explore the mediating effects of self-control and emotion regulation on the relationship between exercise and life satisfaction. The main objective of this study was to examine the possible intermediate impact of self–control and two common forms of emotion regulation: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on the relationship between involvement in regular physical activity and satisfaction with life.

Methods

A total of 186 adults participated in the online survey, providing information about their regular participation in physical activity or training and completing questionnaires assessing life satisfaction, self-control, and two aspects of emotion regulation. Based on self-reported average minutes spent exercising per week over the past year, participants were classified into four levels of physical activity according to the World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior.

Results

The results of the mediation analysis showed that dispositional self-control and cognitive reappraisal fully mediated the relationship between the levels of physical activity and life satisfaction. Expressive suppression, a second strategy of emotion regulation, did not mediate this relationship. This suggests that regular physical activity may increase levels of self-control and cognitive reappraisal, which in turn leads to greater life satisfaction.

Conclusions

Regular physical activity and time spent on training support such forms of regulating one’s own emotions and actions which consequently may lead to greater life satisfaction. These findings underscore the importance of regular exercise in promoting psychological well-being through its beneficial effects on self-control and emotional regulation.
123 Green/grey spaces - What is the best urban setting to enhance physical activity? Preliminary findings of the Health Benefits of Outdoor Physical Activity (HOPA) study
Authors: Gomes Thayse Natacha , Sullivan Adam , Suikkanen Sara , Rääsk Triin , Kuu Saima , Väänänen Ilkka , Donnelly Alan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Strategies aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) must be feasible and easy for participants to adhere to. Outdoor public spaces emerge as relevant venues due to their easy accessibility and lack of cost. However, it is not clear what kind of urban spaces (“nature-based” or “road/sidewalk-based”) contribute the most to increasing PA. This study seeks to investigate the effect of an outdoor intervention on enhancing PA levels and reducing sedentary time (SED) among inactive adults.

Methods

HOPA was a multi-centre parallel-group randomised control trial (ISRCTN64480977), carried out in three European cities (Lahti, Limerick, Tallinn). The sample comprised 101 adults, self-reported as inactive at baseline (IPAQ), aged between 25-65 years. Participants were instructed to engage in outdoor PA (walking/running) at least three times/week, at least 30 minutes/session, over eight weeks. They were randomly allocated into two groups, based on the type of outdoor spaces where they would perform their activities: “nature-based” and “road/sidewalk-based” spaces. PA (light PA, LPA; moderate-to-vigorous PA, MVPA) and SED were measured at baseline and during week-8 of the intervention, over 9-consecutive days, using activPAL accelerometers. Between- and within-group differences were analysed using General Linear Model, adopting a significance level of 95%.

Results

There were no significant between-groups differences. A significant time-effect was observed for total weekly LPA (ρ = 0.014;η2=0.06) and MVPA (ρ < 0.001;η2=0.126), but not for weekly average SED (ρ = 0.117). Specifically, LPA decreased from 511.1min/week to 489.1min/week in “nature-based” group, and from 539.3min/week to 498.2min/week in “road/sidewalk-based” group. Conversely, MVPA increased from 219.5min/week to 262min/week in “nature-based” group, and from 227.6min/week to 269.6min/week in “road/sidewalk-based” group. No significant group-time effect was observed, indicating that both “nature-based” and “road/sidewalk-based” groups provide changes in PA.

Conclusions

Outdoor spaces can be relevant venues for promoting PA engagement and increasing MVPA. Further analysis can provide insights into the relationship between environmental quality and PA, but these preliminary findings suggest that both “nature-based” and road/sidewalk-based” spaces have shown to be relevant to getting people active. Urban cities must develop strategic plans aimed at designing urban spaces that are conducive to PA, promoting its practice, that would positively impact population health.

Funding

EU-2020 (DOI:10.3030/869764).
205 Hidden benefits in non-effective interventions: A subgroup analysis of associations between characteristics of study participants and changes in prolonged sedentary time using compositional data analysis
Authors: Voigt Lisa , Ullrich Antje , Kleinke Fabian , van den Berg Neeltje , Doerr Marcus , Ulbricht Sabina
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Interventions aiming to increase physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary time (ST) often suffer from selection bias of highly active individuals. Subgroup analysis among most sedentary participants may reveal information about beneficial behaviour changes beyond non-significant intervention effects. We aimed to identify characteristics of participants of a non-effective intervention study associated with a reduction of time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts using compositional data analysis (CoDA) in a subsample of those with highest baseline bout levels.

Methods

Data was used from an intervention study aiming to increase PA and reduce ST via brief feedback letters among adults from the general population aged ≥65 years. Participants wore ActiGraph-accelerometers on the hip during waking hours for seven days at baseline and 12-months follow-up (N = 130). We conducted a subgroup analysis among participants of the upper half of the distribution of ST spent in > 30min-bouts (i.e., median split at 2.6h/day; n = 69). CoDA was used to build a z1 coordinate representing the change in ST spent in > 30min-bouts, relative to the change of time spent in PA and in ≤ 30min-ST-bouts. Quantile regressions were used to investigate associations of age, sex, partnership, baseline waist circumference (WC), and baseline >30min-ST-bouts with z1 on percentiles 25, 50, and 75 of the z1 distribution.

Results

Participants were aged 72±5.1 years, 61% were female, 74% lived with a partner, and baseline WC was 91±12.8 cm in women and 101±11.6 cm in men. At baseline (and follow-up), individuals spent 26% (25%) of time in > 30min-ST-bouts, 37% (38%) in PA, and 37% (37%) in ≤ 30min-ST-bouts. At the 25th percentile, female sex and higher WC were predictive for a higher reduction of > 30min-ST-bouts (ps<.05).

Conclusions

In a non-effective intervention, among those with highest baseline levels (>2.6h/day) and highest reduction of prolonged ST (25th percentile), females and those with higher baseline WC reduced prolonged ST more than males and those with lower baseline WC. Intervention studies without significant efficacy may yield valuable information about individuals who showed beneficial behaviour changes.

Funding Source

Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as a site project of the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (no. 81Z7400174)
169 Strategies for recruitment of adolescent girls into physical activity programmes: a systematic review
Authors: O’Brien Tanya , Darker Catherine , Mockler David , Barrett Emer
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Physical activity is essential for youth physical and mental health, yet just 15% of adolescent girls worldwide meet the World Health Organization guideline of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. A persistent challenge faced by physical activity providers, however, is recruiting adolescent girls into their programmes. This review aims to provide quantitative evidence-based recommendations for optimal recruitment practices for this cohort.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched (Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library – Central Trial Registry) including database-specific terms, truncations, and synonyms combining ‘adolescent females’, ‘recruitment’, and ‘physical activity’ to identify randomised controlled trials of physical activity interventions for adolescent girls worldwide. Hand searches of references were also conducted. Data was extracted regarding study, participant, and intervention characteristics, pre-determined recruitment goals, recruitment strategies employed, and the number of participants screened, eligible, approached, randomised, and retained. Outcomes included whether recruitment goals were met, recruitment rate, and any revised recruitment measures implemented mid-study.

Results

After removal of duplicates (n = 71), 5460 articles were screened by title and abstract independently by two reviewers. 70 full-text articles were screened by two reviewers, resulting in 26 included studies. Preliminary analysis showed that most physical activity programmes were school-based (76.4%), multicomponent (65.4%), and designed based on behaviour change theories (80.8%). All studies employed multiple recruitment strategies such as distributing information to eligible students in schools (14 studies), researchers presenting directly to eligible students at their school (10), teachers assisting with recruitment (6), providing small gifts, vouchers, or the ability to earn awards for participation (5 each), and posting flyers in schools (4). The mean recruitment rate for adolescent girls into physical activity randomised controlled trials was 60.4% (SD = 26.94), with high variability (23.6%-99.2%). Ongoing analysis will provide regression results regarding the effectiveness of recruitment strategies employed and their impact on recruitment outcomes.

Conclusions

Application of the findings of this review by physical activity programme providers may enhance their recruitment processes, potentially increasing teenage girls’ physical activity enrolment worldwide.

Funding

This research was funded by the Irish Research Council and the Dublin City Sport & Wellbeing Partnership through the Enterprise Partnership Scheme.
234 Unraveling the Link: How Emotional Self-Regulation and Procrastination Affect Physical Activity
Authors: Herzog-Krzywoszanska Radoslawa , Krzywoszanski Lukasz , Potoczny Wiktor
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Physical activity has been widely recognized as crucial for promoting optimal physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning. Given its significant impact on overall quality of life, it is essential to identify factors that may hinder engagement in regular physical activity. This study aims to explore the relationship between emotional self-regulation, general procrastination, physical activity procrastination, and physical activity levels among adults. Understanding these mechanisms can inform the development of interventions aimed at increasing physical activity engagement and ultimately promoting overall health and well-being.

Methods

186 adults from general population participated in an online survey. They completed questionnaires assessing emotional self-regulation, general procrastination, and physical activity procrastination. Physical activity level was measured based on self-reported average weekly exercise minutes over the past year. Participants were then categorized into four activity levels according to the World Health Organization’s guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behavior.

Results

Our results showed that lower levels of emotional self-regulation were significantly associated with lower levels of physical activity. Furthermore, this relationship was serially mediated by both general procrastination and physical activity procrastination. Specifically, individuals with lower levels of emotional self-regulation had a greater tendency to engage in general procrastination, which subsequently increased their tendency to delay or avoid physically active behaviors. As a result, these individuals had lower overall engagement in regular exercise or training.

Conclusions

The results suggest that emotional self-regulation plays a critical role in influencing procrastination and physical activity. Lower levels of self-regulation affect this indirectly through increased tendencies toward both general and specific form of procrastination related to engaging in physically active behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of targeting interventions aimed at improving emotional self-regulation skills to reduce procrastination and increase physical activity, thereby promoting healthier lifestyles and well-being. Future research should explore potential strategies to effectively address these barriers while promoting long-term adherence to physically active behaviors.
119 Addressing inequalities in participation: Developing an inclusive sport and physical activity system across Wales, UK
Authors: Crone Diane , Cavill Nick , Bolton Nicola , Sellars Paul , Dickson Tabitha
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Sport and physical activity participation rates remain low and are particularly apparent in areas of deprivation, among girls and women, those with a disability and minority ethnic populations. In collaboration with Sport Wales (the Welsh Government sponsored body for sport in Wales), this project seeks to facilitate the development of an inclusive sport and physical activity system. Its aim is to identify key organisations and potential leaders where participation in sport and physical activity is low and engage them in finding solutions to these challenges. A specific objective of the project is to use insight and engagement from under-represented groups to drive physical activity and sport participation, amongst children and young people, forwards.

Project description

The project, undertaken in two phases, was commissioned by Sport Wales. It commenced in September 2023 and is due to finish in late 2024.

Phase one includes a social network analysis via an online survey to map the existing sport and physical activity network in Wales. Both a formal and informal distribution strategy for the survey was adopted. The survey seeks to ensure sufficient responses to map the network of key stakeholders and identify previously unknown organisations and individuals. The mapping should enhance our understanding of the current network and identify potential new leaders.

Phase two includes the development of a national stakeholder engagement group, made up of the organisations and individuals identified in phase one. This group will act as an advisory group to Sport Wales and produce an engagement plan to inform more effective strategies to target inequalities and under-representation in sport and physical activity participation. A process evaluation is embedded into the project.

Conclusions and implications

Identifying the organisations and leaders in sport and physical activity in areas where participation is low, and actively engaging them in a leadership group reflects a new approach. It demonstrates a commitment by a national organisation to foster collaboration and seek alternative solutions. The project has the potential to be innovative by developing new ways of working and providing solutions to address ongoing and significant challenges in sport and physical activity participation.
232 Enhance active ageing by promoting appropriate lifestyles through the endorsement of healthy behaviours in an ageing Region
Authors: Pagani Laura , Del Fabbro Tiziana , Sandrin Luana , Zamaro Gianna , Del Bianco Rizzardo Alessia
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The project “Friuli Venezia Giulia in Movimento, 10000 passi di salute” (Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) Region on the move, 10000 healthy steps) commenced in January 2019 with financial support from the FVG Region with the organizational support of a regional association (Federsanità ANCI FVG). The project’s primary objective is to engage municipalities, in collaboration with organized and spontaneous associations, in implementing initiatives to promote physical activity in an accessible manner for all citizens. This is achieved through funding to promote pedestrian paths in municipalities that have chosen to participate, as well as walking leader courses and gentle exercise activities for the elderly. The project involves subjects at different governance levels: region, the regional association, Municipalities, citizens’ associations, and citizens.

Project or policy description

Currently, 91 municipalities (42% of the FVG Region) are participating in the project, with 82 pedestrian paths covering a total length of over 400 km now open. Specifically, 52% of individuals over 65 and 56% of those under 15 will benefit from the activities organized along these paths. Additionally, two editions of walking leader courses have been conducted along the project’s pedestrian paths, with 500 participants, and two editions of gentle exercise activities for the elderly have been held in 19 municipalities, involving over 1150 individuals. Many Municipalities have also organized walks along the project’s pedestrian paths, often accompanied by cultural events. Traditional and social media channels have prioritised communication and dissemination of project initiatives. Furthermore, numerous citizen meetings have been convened to introduce the projects and related initiatives. The project has been continuously evaluated, with activity results documented in reports. The evaluation involves different phases and all the actors that the project is intended for with various tools: it is, therefore, a multilevel evaluation.

Conclusions

The project has significantly impacted promoting active ageing through various activities, including physical exercise, social engagement, well-being enhancement, and local area awareness. Given their conformation (flat and without particular obstacles), the regional tourism agency has promoted the pedestrian paths of the project within the context of slow, sustainable, and inclusive tourism.