bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and use of a smartphone application in cirrhosis
Authors: Louissaint Jeremy , Lok Anna S. , Fortune Brett E. , Tapper Elliot B.
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims

The development of cirrhosis‐related smartphone applications for remote monitoring is increasing. Whether patients with cirrhosis will welcome such new technology, however, is uncertain.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled patients with cirrhosis (N = 102) to determine predictors of acceptance and utilization of a smartphone application for cirrhosis management using a 12‐item Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) survey. Patients were then shown the EncephalApp© and evaluated for their willingness to download and use the application.

Results

Patients had a median age of 61.3 years and 63.7% had a history of hepatic decompensation. Intention to use the hypothetical application was associated with perceived usefulness (β: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3‐0.5) and the presence of a caregiver (β: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.2‐2.0). Of the eligible participants, 71% agreed to download the EncephalApp© and the decision was influenced by computer anxiety, behavioural intent, caregiver presence and disease state factors. Actual usage was 32% and not associated with baseline characteristics or the technology acceptance model.

Conclusions

Patient acceptance of smartphone applications for the management of cirrhosis is high and related to their attitudes towards technology and the presence of a caregiver. However, usage was low. Future research must employ behavioural interventions to optimize uptake and utilization of remote monitoring technology.
Stationary underwater cameras assess more efficiently clear‐water mangrove fish assemblages: A comparison of non‐extractive techniques
Authors: Reis‐Filho José Amorim , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Barros Francisco
Published: April 2020

Research in aquatic ecology requires adequate sampling designs if the underlying processes that govern population and community dynamics are to be understood. Adequate sampling design is particularly important for organisms inhabiting environments such as mangroves. Thus, collecting quantitative ecological data remains a major challenge. Here, we analysed the structural and temporal dynamics of a tidal cycle and mangrove fish assemblages at 15 sites along the Brazilian central coast. Specifically, we used two non‐extractive sampling techniques, which included stationary underwater visual census (s‐UVC) and stationary underwater wide‐camera census (s‐UWC). Our results showed that by reducing potential observer effects, the s‐UWC protocol maximized fish counts, yielding more accurate and precise estimates. In contrast, although the s‐UVC technique was a useful approach, this technique did not yield precise density and richness estimates. Furthermore, the negative effect associated with the presence of an observer (i.e., diver) was a significant constraint to the observer‐based technique. Furthermore, the methods were more similar for the high tide samples and more divergent for the flood tide and ebb tide samples. These pronounced divergences among tidal periods allowed the application of a temporal mixed‐sampling protocol (i.e., unbalanced temporal samples) based on s‐UWC without the loss of statistical power. Methodological gains also were felt with a reduction in the costs associated with the presence of a trained observer in water and overcoming of constraints positively related to depth limitations. Overall, the s‐UWC protocol adequately captures species using different stages of the tide to enter the mangroves.
Early breastfeeding practices contribute to exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh, Vietnam and Ethiopia
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Hong , Kim Sunny S. , Tran Lan Mai , Menon Purnima , Frongillo Edward A.
Published: April 2020

Limited evidence exists on the complex relationship among interventions, early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), prelacteal feeding and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). We examined whether early breastfeeding practices are associated with EBF and how much improving EIBF and non‐prelacteal feeding contributes to increased prevalence of EBF. Survey data were collected in 2010 and 2014 as part of impact evaluations of Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Bangladesh, Vietnam and Ethiopia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine effects of interventions and early breastfeeding practices on EBF. Structural equation modelling quantified the direct and indirect effects of interventions (via improving EIBF and non‐prelacteal feeding) on EBF. Although breastfeeding is nearly universal in all three countries (≥98%), delayed initiation of breastfeeding is prevalent (>60%) and prelacteal feeding is common. EIBF alone was not associated with EBF, whereas non‐prelacteal feeding was associated with 1.6–3.5 higher odds of EBF. Intervention exposure affected breastfeeding practices in all three countries; these impacts were amplified among those who practiced EIBF or non‐prelacteal feeding [odds ratio (OR) = 11 and 27.5 in Bangladesh and 6.5 and 11.5 in Vietnam, respectively]. The paths through EIBF and non‐prelacteal feeding explained 13%–18% of the effect of the interventions on EBF. Early breastfeeding practices influence EBF, but interventions aimed only at the initiation and early days of breastfeeding will be inadequate to promote EBF. Social and behaviour change interventions should simultaneously target EIBF, non‐prelacteal feeding and EBF to support optimal breastfeeding practices.
PHILOSOPHY AND THE GOOD LIFE IN THEZHUANGZI
Authors: Liu Pengbo
Published: April 2020

The ancient Chinese text theZhuangziraises a mix of epistemological, psychological, and conceptual challenges against the value and usefulness of philosophical disputation. But instead of advocating the elimination of philosophy, it implicitly embraces a broader conception of philosophy, the goal of which is to engage us to reflect on our limitations, question things we take for granted, and better appreciate alternative perspectives and possibilities. Philosophy thus understood is compatible with a variety of methods and approaches: fictions, jokes, paradoxes, spiritual exercises, argument, disputation, and so on. Philosophical practices, on this view, also pave the way for an open‐minded, adaptive and flexible way of living that is at the core of the Zhuangist good life.
Development of zeaxanthin‐rich tomato fruit through genetic manipulations of carotenoid biosynthesis
Authors: Karniel Uri , Koch Amit , Zamir Dani , Hirschberg Joseph
Published: April 2020

The oxygenated carotenoid zeaxanthin provides numerous benefits to human health due to its antioxidant properties. Especially it is linked to protecting, together with the xanthophyll lutein, the retina in the human eye by filtering harmful blue light thus delaying the progression of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), the most prevalent cause of blindness in developed countries. Despite its high nutritional value, zeaxanthin is less available than other substantial carotenoids in our diet. To solve this shortage, we chose to develop a new food source that would contain a high concentration of natural zeaxanthin. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was selected as the target plant since it is the second largest vegetable crop grown worldwide and its fruit characteristically synthesizes and accumulates a high concentration of carotenoids. We employed two genetic approaches in order to enhance zeaxanthin biosynthesis in tomato fruit: a transgenic metabolic engineering and classical genetic breeding. A nontransgenic tomato line, named ‘Xantomato’, was generated whose fruit accumulated zeaxanthin at a concentration of 39 μg/g fresh weight (or 577 μg/g dry weight), which comprised ca. 50% of total fruit carotenoids compared to zero in the wild type. This is the highest concentration of zeaxanthin reached in a primary crop. Xantomato can potentially increase zeaxanthin availability in the human diet and serve as raw material for industrial applications.
Human leukocyte antigen eplet mismatches and long‐term clinical outcomes in pediatric renal transplantation: A pragmatic, registry‐based study
Authors: Sypek Matthew P. , Hiho Steve , Cantwell Linda , Clayton Phil , Hughes Peter , Le Page Amelia K. , Kausman Joshua
Published: April 2020

Background

HLA epitope‐based matching offers the potential to improve immunological risk prediction and management in children receiving renal allografts; however, studies demonstrating the association between systems for defining epitope mismatches and clinical end‐points are lacking in this population.

Methods

We conducted a pragmatic, retrospective, registry‐based study of pediatric recipients of primary renal allografts in Victoria, Australia between 1990 and 2014 to determine the association between HLA EpMM and clinical outcomes including graft failure, re‐transplantation and dnDSA formation.

Results

A total of 196 patients were included in the analysis with a median age of 11 years. Median follow‐up period was 15 years during which time 108 (55%) primary grafts failed and 72 patients were re‐transplanted. HLA class I but not class II EpMM was a significant predictor of graft failure on univariate analysis but not in adjusted models. EpMM was associated with reduced likelihood of re‐transplantation in univariate but not adjusted analysis. Within the limitations of the study, class‐specific EpMM was a strong predictor of dnDSA formation. Associations were stronger when considering only the subset of antibody‐verified EpMM.

Conclusion

Associations between HLA EpMM and clinical outcomes in pediatric renal allograft recipients seen on univariate analysis were attenuated following adjustment for confounders. These findings are inconclusive but suggest that HLA EpMM may provide one tool for assessing long‐term risk in this population while highlighting the need for further clinical studies.
The impact of public health service increased risk donors in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Dick Andre A. S. , Blondet Niviann M. , Shaw Kathryn , Healey Patrick J. , Horslen Simon , Smith Jodi M. , Perkins James D. , Reyes Jorge D.
Published: April 2020

Many transplant programs are reluctant to use organs from deceased donors designated as “PHS increased risk” due to misconceptions regarding the quality of those organs. This study evaluated the impact of PHS increased risk donors on patient and allograft survival in pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation. Retrospective analysis of the UNOS database from January 2005 through September 2017 revealed 5615 pediatric patients who underwent isolated liver transplantation; of these, 5057 patients received primary isolated liver transplants and 558 patients received isolated liver retransplants. PHS increased risk organs were used in 6.7% and 5.4% of the children receiving primary isolated and retransplant livers, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for donor and recipient characteristics determined the relative risk of PHS status on allograft and patient survival. Sicker children (those in ICU [P < .001] and on life support [P = .04]) were more likely to receive PHS increased risk donor organs. There were no differences in overall patient (P = .61) or allograft (P = .68) survival between pediatric patients receiving PHS positive vs PHS negative deceased donor organs; adjusted models also demonstrated no statistically significant differences in patient or allograft survival. Excellent patient and allograft survival can be accomplished with PHS increased risk organs.
Exploring Modes of Photokilling by Hypericin
Authors: Kessel David
Published: April 2020

Effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the anthraquinone hypericin were explored with OVCAR‐5 cells in vitro. Irradiation resulted in ER > lysosomal photodamage. Paraptosis was identified as a primary death pathway resulting from ER perturbation. This is characterized by an extensive pattern of cytoplasmic vacuole formation. As the PDT dose increased, apoptotic death was also detected. The cytoprotective effect of autophagy, observed when certain other subcellular sites are PDT targets, appears to be absent. These results, together with prior evidence that paraptosis can be lethal to cells with an impaired apoptotic pathway, suggest a role for agents with this targeting profile in photodynamic therapy. A limitation to be overcome for hypericin is a suboptimal absorbance profile.
Polls and Elections: Racial Resentment and Personal Economic Evaluations in the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections
Authors: Shields Todd , Maxwell Angie
Published: April 2020

Studies of recent presidential elections emphasize the importance of personal economic evaluations as well as the growing importance of racial attitudes. Less clear, however, is the degree to which economic evaluations are independent of racial considerations. The election of the first African American president offers a unique opportunity to evaluate how elite cues may trigger racial attitudes, a process called “racialization.” Once activated, racial attitudes may become a basis for political evaluations. Despite evidence that racial resentment is a predictor of many political attitudes, there is surprisingly little research exploring relationships between racial resentment and economic evaluations. In this investigation, we examine the influence of racial resentment on personal retrospective and prospective economic evaluations in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections. These findings have important implications for democratic accountability, particularly in terms of citizens accurately “rewarding or punishing” incumbents based on economic performance.
The application of text mining methods in innovation research: current state, evolution patterns, and development priorities
Authors: Antons David , Grünwald Eduard , Cichy Patrick , Salge Torsten Oliver
Published: April 2020

Unstructured data in the form of digitized text is rapidly increasing in volume, accessibility, and relevance for research on innovation and beyond. While traditional attempts to analyze text (i.e., qualitative analysis) are limited in processing large amounts of data, text mining presents a set of approaches that allow researchers to explore large‐scale collections of texts in an efficient manner. Given the potential of text mining as a method of inquiry, the primary purpose of this manuscript is to enable both novice and more experienced innovation researchers to select, specify, document, and interpret text mining techniques in a way that generates valid and reliable knowledge for the innovation management community. This involved taking stock of text mining applications in the field of innovation research to date by means of a systematic review of 124 journal articles employing text mining techniques and are published in a basket of the 10 premier innovation management and 8 top general management journals. The results of the systematic manual and computational analysis of these articles do not only illustrate the state and evolution of text mining applications in our field, but also allow for evidence‐based recommendations regarding their future use. Here, our paper presents methodological, conceptual, and contextual development priorities that will contribute to establishing higher methodological standards in text mining and enhance the methodological richness in our field
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed individuals demonstrate slower reactions during a dynamic postural task
Authors: Armitano‐Lago Cortney N. , Morrison Steven , Hoch Johanna M. , Bennett Hunter J. , Russell Daniel M.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

To determine whether individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) exhibit altered neuromotor function compared to healthy controls. It was hypothesized that the ACLR group would have slower postural responses compared to healthy individuals of similar age.

Materials and Methods

Sixteen adults with a unilateral ACLR and 16 matched healthy controls participated. General assessments of neuromotor function were gathered and included measures of reaction time (both seated and postural conditions), walking ability, balance, ankle ROM, proprioception, knee joint laxity, patellar tendon reflex latency, and quadriceps strength. Data were analyzed using mixed generalized linear models with between‐subject (ie, controls, ACLR) and within‐subject factors (ie, affected, unaffected limb).

Results

Individuals with an ACLR exhibited a significant slowing of their postural reaction times compared to the control individuals. The ACLR group was slower under both the simple (ACLR: 484 ± 6.17 ms, control: 399 ± 1.95 ms) and choice reaction time conditions (ACLR: 550 ± 43 ms, control: 445 ± 43 ms). No other group differences were found in any of the other measures.

Conclusion

Overall, ACLR individuals had a reduced ability to respond quickly under more challenging postural conditions (ie, stepping response). This finding would indicate that the impact of an ACLR is not purely mechanical and restricted to the joint. Rather, injury and reconstruction of the ACL impact neural mechanisms, altering individuals' ability to respond under challenging balance tasks.
The assessment of platelet function by thromboelastometry as a point‐of‐care test to guide Intercept‐treated platelet support in hemato‐oncological patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Leitner Gerda C. , Ho Markus , Tolios Alexander , Hopfinger Georg , Rabitsch Werner , Wohlfarth Philipp
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Pathogen inactivation (PI) techniques for platelet concentrates (PCs) are one of the latest innovations to improve blood safety and reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). An impaired function and in vivo recovery of platelets as well as an increased PC demand are concerns regarding these techniques. The intent of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic effect of PCs treated with the Intercept™ System by thromboelastometry (TEM) and to assess the clinical validity of its results in comparison to post‐transfusion increase (PTI) and corrected count increment (CCI).

STUDY‐DESIGN AND METHODS

This prospective‐observational study included 47 patients (m:f = 25:22; median age: 54 years [21‐70]) of our Bone Marrow Transplantation unit with hemato‐oncological malignancies transfused with Intercept™‐treated PCs. Serial TEM measurements were performed just before and 1 hour after PC transfusion and were analyzed for their correlation with PTI and CCI as well as for clinical variables.

RESULTS

The majority of our patients had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (n = 41; 87%). In median 9 (1‐50) PCs were transfused. Serial TEM, PTI, and CCI measurements were available for 150 transfusion episodes. The median platelet dose transfused was 2.65 × 1011/unit (1.8‐6). The median CCI was 9.250 (0‐28.000). We observed a significant improvement in TEM parameters (p < 0.05) after transfusion of PI PCs, which did not mandatory correlate with the 1‐hour PTI and CCI.

CONCLUSION

Serial TEM measurements indicate the hemostatic effect of Intercept™‐treated PCs. The 1‐hour PTI and CCI may not appropriately reflect the in vivo function of platelets after PI PC transfusion.
Cold‐stored whole blood in a Norwegian emergency helicopter service: an observational study on storage conditions and product quality
Authors: Bjerkvig Christopher , Sivertsen Joar , Braathen Hanne , Lunde Turid Helen Felli , Strandenes Geir , Assmus Jörg , Hervig Tor , Cap Andrew , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Fosse Theodor , Apelseth Torunn Oveland
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Increasing numbers of emergency medical service agencies and hospitals are developing the capability to administer blood products to patients with hemorrhagic shock. Cold‐stored whole blood (WB) is the only single product available to prehospital providers who aim to deliver a balanced resuscitation strategy. However, there are no data on the safety and in vitro characteristics of prehospital stored WB. This study aimed to describe the effects on in vitro quality of storing WB at remote helicopter bases in thermal insulating containers.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a two‐armed single‐center study. Twenty units (test) were stored in airtight thermal insulating containers, and 20 units (controls) were stored according to routine procedures in the Haukeland University Hospital Blood Bank. Storage conditions were continuously monitored during emergency medical services missions and throughout remote and blood bank storage. Hematologic and metabolic variables, viscoelastic properties, and platelet (PLT) aggregation were measured on Days 1, 8, 14, and 21.

RESULTS

Storage conditions complied with the EU guidelines throughout remote and in‐hospital storage for 21 days. There were no significant differences in PLT aggregation, viscoelastic properties, and hematology variables between the two groups. Minor significantly lower pH, glucose, and base excess and higher lactate were observed after storage in airtight containers.

CONCLUSION

Forward cold storage of WB is safe and complies with EU standards. No difference is observed in hemostatic properties. Minor differences in metabolic variables may be related to the anaerobic conditions within the thermal box.
Use of an extended CT scale reconstruction to diagnose metal implant failure in a canine elbow
Authors: Labrador Jose , Witte Philip Georg , Holdsworth Andrew
Published: April 2020

A Cocker Spaniel presented for recurrence of right forelimb lameness 33 months following transcondylar screw placement for a humeral intracondylar fissure. Elbow radiographs showed no evidence of implant‐related complications. Standard CT scale reconstruction images failed to demonstrate implant failure. Extended CT scale reconstruction images revealed a fracture through the mid‐portion of the screw. Revision surgery confirmed the implant failure; the screw was replaced and the lameness subsequently resolved. Extended CT scale reconstruction images allow detailed assessment of metal implants and should be considered when implant failure is suspected.
Semi‐industrial remediation of effluents polluted by the artisanal activities through bipolar electrocoagulation with aluminum sacrificial electrodes
Authors: El Allaoui Nouha , Omor Anass , Elmadani Fatima Zahra , Bouayad Kenza , Nakabayashi Seiichiro , Loukanov Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Bipolar electrocoagulation with aluminum sacrificial electrodes was designed to simultaneously remove Cr(VI), phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and turbidity from both tanning, domestic and industrial wastewater. The experimental setup was demonstrated in a semi‐industrial scale for the remediation of effluents released from Fez city (Morocco), which exhibited highly variable composition and pH. The results showed that the elimination levels are enhancing with increasing of the energy consumption and electrode amount. The optimum conditions of the electrocoagulation process to reduce the pollutants in over 90% were identified at a current density of 5 mA cm–2 that takes around 10 to 30 min at neutral pH. Thus, the proposed method could be considered as an effective approach in the conventional treatment of wastewater from artisanal activities.
Carriage of the zoonotic organism Streptococcus suis in chicken flocks in Vietnam
Authors: Nhung Nguyen Thi , Yen Nguyen Thi Phuong , Cuong Nguyen , Kiet Bach Tuan , Hien Vo Be , Campbell James , Thwaites Guy , Baker Stephen , Geskus Ronald , Ashton Philip , Carrique‐Mas Juan
Published: April 2020

Streptococcus suis infections are an emerging zoonotic agent causing severe disease in humans and a major pig pathogen worldwide. We investigated the colonization of S. suis in healthy chickens in different flocks (n = 59) as well as in‐contact pigs in farms with S. suis‐positive chickens (n = 44) in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Streptococcus suis was isolated from 20 (33.9%) chicken flocks and from all pigs investigated. Chicken isolates formed a distinct genotypic cluster compared with pig and human strains, although two chicken isolates (10%) clustered with pig isolates. Chicken isolates had unusually high levels of resistance against tetracycline (100%), clindamycin (100%) and erythromycin (95%); and intermediate resistance against penicillin (35%) and ceftriaxone (15%). Our findings suggest that chickens may potentially represent a source of S. suis infection to in‐contact humans and pigs.
Comparative Risks of Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Pipeline Testing
Authors: Simpson David A.
Published: April 2020

An important step in a pipeline-construction project is confirming that the piping and facilities are adequate for the expected operating pressures via static strength tests. All fluids have mass and internal energy. Fluids under pressure have significantly elevated internal energy. All fluids are compressible to some greater or lesser extent, and the fluid added to raise the pressure of the fluid in the bulk volume adds significant energy. The raw mass of a fluid must be considered when evaluating terrain elements and support elements (i.e., pipe stands and pipe racks). The selection process for a test fluid should always endeavor to minimize the total risk of the entire process. Code-guidance has historically not shown a clear preference for the selection of one particular test medium over another. Some jurisdictions have written regulations that step away from ASME guidance and do show a clear preference for hydrostatic testing over pneumatic testing. This preference manifests itself in several ways, but the primary representation is the requirement in statutes and regulations that a pneumatic test should have an “exclusion zone” around the test to reduce the risk of injury during the test. These documents tend to not have an exclusion-zone requirement for hydrostatic tests. This paper is undertaken to demonstrate the relative risks of liquid versus gaseous test media and presents a background of why pneumatic tests have been singled out by regulators as higher risk and shows why this regulatory preference can result in increasing risk rather than decreasing it.
Influence of Lateral Constraints on Wave Propagation in Finite Granular Crystals
Authors: Kocharyan Hrachya , Karanjgaokar Nikhil
Published: April 2020

In the presented work, wave dynamics of 2D finite granular crystals of polyurethane cylinders under low-velocity impact loading was investigated to gain better understanding of the influence of lateral constraints. The deformation of the individual grains in the granular crystals during the impact loading was recorded by a high-speed camera and digital image correlation (DIC) was used to calculate high fidelity kinematic and strain fields in each grain. These grain-scale kinematic and strain fields were utilized for the computation of the intergranular forces at each contact using a granular element method (GEM) based mathematical framework. Since the polyurethane were viscoelastic in nature, the viscoelasticity constitutive law was implemented in the GEM framework and it was shown that linear elasticity using the strain rate-dependent coefficient of elasticity is sufficient to use instead of a viscoelastic framework. These particle-scale kinematic and strain field measurements in conjunction with the interparticle forces also provided some interesting insight into the directional dependence of the wave scattering and attenuation in finite granular crystals. The directional nature of the wave propagation resulted in strong wave reflection from the walls. It was also noteworthy that the two reflected waves from the two opposite sidewalls result in destructive interference. These lateral constraints at different depths leads to significant differences in wave attenuation characteristics and the finite granular crystals can be divided into two regions: upper region, with exponential wave decay rate, and lower region, with higher decay rate.
The Effect of Process Parameters on the Structural Energetic Properties of Additively Manufactured Reactive Structures
Authors: Fleck Trevor J. , Manship Timothy D. , Son Steven F. , Rhoads Jeffrey F.
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the ability of an aluminum-fluoropolymer energetic material to act as a multifunctional energetic structural material (MESM). The mechanical properties of the material were determined by performing quasi-static tensile testing of 3D printed dogbones. Samples were prepared with and without particle loading, as well as with different print directions, in order to gain a fundamental understanding of how these parameters affect the mechanical properties of the material. Larger truss samples were printed in order to simulate realistic structural elements. Samples were printed in different directions and burned to determine this parameter’s effect on the combustion performance of the material. The aluminum polyvinylidene fluoride mixtures considered were shown to have viable structural capabilities as well as sufficient combustion performance. The structural energetic capabilities of the formulations considered, paired with the material’s ability to be 3D printed, could enable a number of interesting applications in the aerospace and defense industry.
Scaling Effects in the Mechanical System of the Flexible Epidermal Electronics and the Human Skin
Authors: Liu Guodong , Sun Lijuan , Su Yewang
Published: April 2020

The “island-bridge” mesh structure is widely adopted for flexible epidermal electronics to simultaneously achieve the electronic functions and mechanical flexibility. Mechanical intuition tells that the small size of the “island” is beneficial to the flexibility of the structure and the adaptability to complex geometric targets. Here, a plane-strain model and an axisymmetric model are established for square “island” and cycle “island,” respectively, to analyze the mechanical system consisting of the flexible epidermal electronics and the human skin. It is found that the pressure between the “island” and the human skin is positive at the inner region and reaches a peak value at the center, while is negative at the outer region and approaches infinite at the boundary of the contact region. With the increase in the size a/R0, the amplitude of the pressure significantly increases, as well as the singular degree of the pressure at the boundary. The reduction of the “island” size is beneficial for the optimization of the “comfort level” of the flexible epidermal electronics. The models degenerate into the famous Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model for the limit case with extremely hard and thick “island.”
A Method for Measuring Contact Angle and the Influence of Surface-Fluid Parameters on the Boiling Heat Transfer Performance
Authors: da Cunha Alex P. , Mogaji Taye S. , de Souza Reinaldo R. , Cardoso Elaine M.
Published: April 2020

An experimental apparatus and a computational routine were developed and implemented in order to obtain the sessile drop images and the contact angle measurement for different fluids and surface conditions. Moreover, experimental results of heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) during pool boiling of de-ionized water (DI water), Al2O3-DI water- and Fe2O3-DI water-based nanofluids are presented in this paper. Based on these results, the effect of surface roughness and nanofluid concentration on the surface wettability, contact angle, and the heat transfer coefficient was analyzed. The experiments were performed on copper heating surfaces with different roughness values (corresponding to a smooth surface or a rough surface). The coated surfaces were produced by the nanofluid pool boiling process at two different volumetric concentrations. All surfaces were subjected to metallographic, wettability and roughness tests. For smooth surfaces, in comparison to DI water, heat transfer enhancement up to 60% is observed for both nanofluids at low concentrations. As the concentration of the nanofluid increases, the surface roughness increases and the contact angle decreases, characterizing a hydrophilic behavior. The analyses indicate that the boiling process of nanofluid leads to the deposition of a coating layer on the surface, which influences the heat transfer performance in two-phase systems.
Attenuation and velocity of elastic waves in polycrystals with generally anisotropic grains: Analytic and numerical modeling
Authors: Sha G. , Huang M. , Lowe M. J. S. , Rokhlin S. I.
Published: April 2020

Better understanding of elastic wave propagation in polycrystals has interest for applications in seismology and nondestructive material characterization. In this study, a second-order wave propagation (SOA) model that considers forward multiple scattering events is developed for macroscopically isotropic polycrystals with equiaxed grains of arbitrary anisotropy (triclinic). It predicts scattering-induced wave attenuation and dispersion of phase velocity. The SOA model implements the generalized two-point correlation (TPC) function, which relates to the actual numeric TPC of simulated microstructure. The analytical Rayleigh and stochastic asymptotes for both attenuation and phase velocity are derived for triclinic symmetry grains, which elucidate the effects of the elastic scattering factors and the generalized TPC in different frequency regimes. Also, the computationally efficient far field approximation attenuation model is obtained for this case; it shows good agreement with the SOA model in all frequency ranges. To assess the analytical models, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model for triclinic polycrystals is developed and implemented on simulated 3D triclinic polycrystalline aggregates. Quantitative agreement is observed between the analytical and the FE simulations for both the attenuation and phase velocity. Also, the quasi-static velocities obtained from the SOA and FE models are in excellent agreement with the static self-consistent velocity.
Modelling of a hydroacoustic projector to produce low frequency sound
Authors: V. S. Sreejith , Tiwari Nachiketa
Published: April 2020

Low frequency sound is useful in several underwater applications, including sonar, underwater communication, detection of mines, sonobuoys, detection of oil or gas deposits, etc. Hydroacoustic projectors help in generating such low frequency acoustic waves far more effectively than other devices. Even though there is sufficient information available on modelling of various components used in complex hydraulic devices, there is a significant dearth of literature pertaining to mathematical modelling of hydroacoustic projectors and relevant experimental data. The present work fills this gap firmly. To this end, an integrated electrical analogy-based model to simulate the behavior of a hydroacoustic projector has been developed. The model includes sub-models for a hydraulic pump, hydraulic pipelines, hydraulic cylinders, a directional control valve, an accumulator, a reservoir, mechanical mass, spring, friction, radiation impedance, and coupling elements. The model also incorporates the effects of compliance in pipelines and presence of air in the working fluid. Further, a prototype of the projector has been designed and fabricated. Predictions from simulations have been compared with experimental results from tests conducted in air up to 10 Hz frequency. These results demonstrate the reliability of the simulation model and establish its efficiency in terms of predicting the projector's performance with reasonable accuracy.
Change in Regional Activity of the Quadratus Lumborum During Bridge Exercises
Authors: Oshikawa Tomoki , Adachi Gen , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Okubo Yu , Kaneoka Koji
Published: April 2020

Context: The quadratus lumborum (QL) is expected to contribute to segmental motor control of the lumbar spine to prevent low back pain. It has different layers (anterior [QL-a] and posterior [QL-p] layers), whose functional differences are becoming apparent. However, the difference between the QL-a and QL-p activities during bridge exercises utilized in rehabilitation is unclear. Objective: To compare QL-a and QL-p activities during bridge exercises. Design: Repeated-measurement design was used to assess electromyographic activity of trunk muscles recorded during 14 types of bridge exercises. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: A total of 13 healthy men with no history of lumbar spine disorders participated. Intervention: The participants performed 14 types of bridge exercises (3, 3, and 8 types of side bridge, back bridge, and front bridge [FB], respectively). Main Outcome Measures: Fine-wire electromyography was used for QL-a and QL-p activity measurements during bridge exercises. Results: Both QL-a and QL-p showed the highest activity during the side bridge with hip abduction  (47.3% [29.5%] and 43.0% [32.9%] maximal voluntary isometric contraction, respectively). The activity of the QL-a was significantly higher than that of the QL-p during back bridge with ipsilateral leg lift and FB elbow–toe with ipsilateral arm and contralateral leg lift (P < .05). With regard to the QL-p, the activity of the FB hand–knee with contralateral arm and ipsilateral leg lift, the FB elbow–knee with contralateral arm and ipsilateral leg lift, and the FB elbow–toe with contralateral arm and ipsilateral leg lift were significantly higher than that of the FB elbow–knee and FB elbow–toe (P < .05). Conclusion: This study indicates different regional activities; the QL-a activated during the back bridge with ipsilateral leg lift and FB with ipsilateral arm lift, and the QL-p activated during the FB with ipsilateral leg lift. These results have implications for the rehabilitation of low back pain or lumbar scoliosis patients based on QL recruitment.
Somatostatin enhances visual processing and perception by suppressing excitatory inputs to parvalbumin-positive interneurons in V1
Authors: Song You-Hyang , Hwang Yang-Sun , Kim Kwansoo , Lee Hyoung-Ro , Kim Jae-Hyun , Maclachlan Catherine , Dubois Anaelle , Jung Min Whan , Petersen Carl C. H. , Knott Graham , Lee Suk-Ho , Lee Seung-Hee
Published: April 2020

Somatostatin improves visual perception by reducing excitatory inputs to the parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the cortex.
Targeting therapeutic vulnerabilities with PARP inhibition and radiation in IDH-mutant gliomas and cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Wild Aaron T. , Turcan Sevin , Wu Wei H. , Sigel Carlie , Klimstra David S. , Ma Xiaoxiao , Gong Yongxing , Holland Eric C. , Huse Jason T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: April 2020

PARP inhibitor as a foundation of multimodality treatments is highly effective for IDH-mutant glioma and cholangiocarcinoma.
Dynamic Fas signaling network regulates neural stem cell proliferation and memory enhancement
Authors: Kim Seokhwi , Kim Nury , Lee Jinsu , Kim Sungsoo , Hong Jongryul , Son Seungkyu , Do Heo Won
Published: April 2020

Optogenetics reveals a novel Fas signaling network in the hippocampus for neural stem cell proliferation and memory increase.
Feasibility of blood testing combined with PET-CT to screen for cancer and guide intervention
Authors: Lennon Anne Marie , Buchanan Adam H. , Kinde Isaac , Warren Andrew , Honushefsky Ashley , Cohain Ariella T. , Ledbetter David H. , Sanfilippo Fred , Sheridan Kathleen , Rosica Dillenia , Adonizio Christian S. , Hwang Hee Jung , Lahouel Kamel , Cohen Joshua D. , Douville Christopher , Patel Aalpen A. , Hagmann Leonardo N. , Rolston David D. , Malani Nirav , Zhou Shibin , Bettegowda Chetan , Diehl David L. , Urban Bobbi , Still Christopher D. , Kann Lisa , Woods Julie I. , Salvati Zachary M. , Vadakara Joseph , Leeming Rosemary , Bhattacharya Prianka , Walter Carroll , Parker Alex , Lengauer Christoph , Klein Alison , Tomasetti Cristian , Fishman Elliot K. , Hruban Ralph H. , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert , Papadopoulos Nickolas
Published: April 2020

A real-time trial of a cancer blood test

Cancers diagnosed early are often more responsive to treatment. Blood tests that detect molecular markers of cancer have successfully identified individuals already known to have the disease. Lennon
et al.
conducted an exploratory study that more closely reflects the way in which such blood tests would be used in the future. They evaluated the feasibility and safety of incorporating a multicancer blood test into the routine clinical care of 10,000 women with no history of cancer. Over a 12-month period, the blood test detected 26 cancers of different types. A combination of the blood test and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging led to surgical removal of nine of these cancers. Use of the blood test did not result in a large number of futile follow-up procedures.

Science
, this issue p.
eabb9601
Electronic skins and machine learning for intelligent soft robots
Authors: Shih Benjamin , Shah Dylan , Li Jinxing , Thuruthel Thomas G. , Park Yong-Lae , Iida Fumiya , Bao Zhenan , Kramer-Bottiglio Rebecca , Tolley Michael T.
Published: April 2020

Developments in e-skins and machine learning may achieve tactile sensing and proprioception for autonomous, deployable soft robots.
DNA polymerase κ: Friend or foe?
Authors: Sweasy Joann B.
Published: April 2020

The DNA polymerase Polκ mediates tumor cell escape from stress-induced senescence (Temprine
et al
., in 28 April 2020 issue).
The evidence landscape in precision medicine
Authors: Hey Spencer Phillips , Gerlach Cory V. , Dunlap Garrett , Prasad Vinay , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: April 2020

Evidence landscapes can help to coordinate research and address challenges in implementing precision medicine.
Can cell therapies halt cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients?
Authors: Ankrum James
Published: April 2020

A pilot study of COVID-19 patients treated with mesenchymal stem cells demonstrates safety.
Multicenter Evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia/Pneumonia Plus Panel for Detection and Quantification of Agents of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Murphy Caitlin N. , Fowler Randal , Balada-Llasat Joan Miquel , Carroll Amanda , Stone Hanna , Akerele Oluseun , Buchan Blake , Windham Sam , Hopp Amanda , Ronen Shira , Relich Ryan F. , Buckner Rebecca , Warren Del A. , Humphries Romney , Campeau Shelly , Huse Holly , Chandrasekaran Suki , Leber Amy , Everhart Kathy , Harrington Amanda , Kwong Christina , Bonwit Andrew , Dien Bard Jennifer , Naccache Samia , Zimmerman Cynthia , Jones Barbara , Rindlisbacher Cory , Buccambuso Maggie , Clark Angela , Rogatcheva Margarita , Graue Corrin , Bourzac Kevin M.
Published: April 2020

The ability to provide timely identification of the causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections can promote better patient outcomes and support antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Current diagnostic testing options include culture, molecular testing, and antigen detection. These methods may require collection of various specimens, involve extensive sample treatment, and can suffer from low sensitivity and long turnaround times. This study assessed the performance of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (PN panel) and Pneumonia Plus Panel (PNplus panel), an FDA-cleared sample-to-answer assay that enables the detection of viruses, atypical bacteria, bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance marker genes from lower respiratory tract specimens (sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] fluid).
Draft Genomic Sequences of Three Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Isolates (H45, H43ii, and H43iii) from Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Yang Yishan , Sommers Christopher H. , Adenipekun Eyitayo O. , Ceruso Marina , Jackson Charlene R. , Woodley Tiffanie A. , Barrett John B. , Hiott Lari M. , Frye Jonathan G. , Liu Yanhong
Published: April 2020

Escherichia coli
sequence type 131 (ST131) has recently emerged as a leading multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes urinary tract and bloodstream infections in humans. Here, we report the draft genomic sequences of three
E. coli
ST131 isolates, H45, H43ii, and H43iii, from urine samples of patients in Lagos, Nigeria.
Genome Sequences of Novel Members of Previously Described DNA and RNA Virus Families, Isolated from Feces of a Drill Monkey in Nigeria
Authors: George U. , Simsek C. , Faleye T. O. C. , Arowolo O. , Oragwa A. , Adewumi O. M. , Matthijnssens J. , Adeniji J. A.
Published: April 2020

The genomes of seven novel members of previously described DNA and RNA virus families are described here. These viruses were recovered using a viral metagenomic approach from the stool of a drill monkey (
Mandrillus leucophaeus
) housed in a sanctuary in Cross River State, Nigeria.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Thermophilic Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis SMIA-2, an Antimicrobial- and Thermostable Enzyme-Producing Isolate from Brazilian Soil
Authors: Bernardo Samara Pinto Custodio , Rosana Albert Remus R. , de Souza Adriane Nunes , Chiorean Sorina , Martins Meire Lelis Leal , Vederas John C.
Published: April 2020

Bacillus licheniformis
SMIA-2, a thermophilic and thermostable enzyme-producing bacterium, is found to be active against several strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
and several
Bacillus
species. Here, we report the 4.30-Mbp draft genome and bioinformatic predictions supporting gene inventories for amylase, protease, cellulase, xylanase, and antimicrobial compound biosynthesis.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of an African Swine Fever Virus Strain Liv13/33 Isolate from Experimental Transmission between Pigs and Ornithodoros moubata Ticks
Authors: Chastagner Amélie , Pereira de Oliveira Rémi , Hutet Evelyne , Le Dimna Mireille , Paboeuf Frédéric , Lucas Pierrick , Blanchard Yannick , Dixon Linda , Vial Laurence , Le Potier Marie-Frédérique
Published: April 2020

Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequence of African swine fever (ASF) virus strain Liv13/33, isolated from experimentally infected pigs and
Ornithodoros moubata
ticks. The 11 sequences that we obtained harbored no notable differences to each other, and all of them were closely related to the genome sequence of the Mkuzi 1979 strain of genotype I.
Intestinal Dysbiosis in Carriers of Carbapenem-Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Korach-Rechtman Hila , Hreish Maysaa , Fried Carmit , Gerassy-Vainberg Shiran , Azzam Zaher S. , Kashi Yechezkel , Berger Gidon
Published: April 2020

The gut microbiota plays important roles in the host’s normal function and health, including protection against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Alterations in the gut microbial profile can potentially serve as an early diagnostic tool, as well as a therapeutic strategy against colonization by and carriage of harmful bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Here, we show that the microbiota of hospitalized patients demonstrated specific taxa which differed between carriers of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) and noncarriers. The difference in the microbiota also dictates alterations in microbiome-specific metabolic capabilities, in association with increased prevalence of systemic infection. Reintroducing specific strains and/or correction of dysbiosis with probiotics or fecal transplantation may potentially lead to colonization by bacterial taxa responsible for protection against or depletion of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.