bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Normalization Structures in Brain Perfusion Tomography in the First Episode of Schizophrenia Using Commercial Software
Authors: Markos Ines Sisko , Blažeković Ivan , Orlović Ivona , Peitl Vjekoslav , Frobe Ana , Karlović Dalibor
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Single photon emission computed tomography with Tc-99m hexamethylpropylenamine oxime provides information on brain perfusion distribution in psychiatric patients. The assessment of cerebral blood flow using different normalization structures could be diverse.
Methods: Quantification programs may improve diagnosis, but adequate normalization structure must be selected. We compared regional brain perfusion in twelve brain regions associated with schizophrenia using two different normalization structures - whole brain and cerebellum - in antipsychotic drug- naive patients during the first episode of schizophrenia.
Results: We analyzed 12 brain regions associated with schizophrenia in 50 patients with the first episode of schizophrenia. Z-scores for each entire region, as well as left and right Z-scores, were calculated based on an age-matched normal database. We chose two normalization structures for Z-score calculation, the whole brain and the cerebellum.
Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude that both normalization structures can be used. However, the highest Z-score matches were observed for the gyrus rectus, orbitofrontal region, inferior medial frontal gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior medial frontal gyrus, and caudate, while the lowest matches were found for the medial temporal region and thalamus.
Disease Remission and Sustained Remission After Etanercept Biosimilar or Originator Initiation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Interim Real-World Analysis
Authors: Birck Marina G , Boivin Jessica , Yan Laura , Carrier Nathalie , Moura Cristiano S , Maksymowych Walter P , Boire Gilles , Choquette Denis , Lukusa Luck , Mallinson Michael , Wilhelm Linda , Neville Autumn , Bernatsky Sasha
Published: November 2024

Background: We compared time to first remission and prevalence of sustained remission in participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating etanercept biosimilar (ETA-B) or originator (ETA-O).
Methods: We studied etanercept-naive participants with RA from three Canadian prospective cohorts who initiated ETA-B or ETA-O (Jan/2015-May/2022). Disease remission was determined using disease activity scales. Sustained remission was defined as at least two consecutive visits in remission within the first 12 months of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression was used to compare the probability of achieving remission between ETA-B and ETA-O, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess sustained remission.
Results: We studied 150 participants with RA (ETA-B: 65.3%). Among 125 participants not in remission at baseline, the median time to first remission was 8.7 months (95% confidence intervals [CI] 5.2-12.1) in the ETA-B group and 14.5 months (95% CI 4.7-18.6) in the ETA-O group. Time to first remission was similar between the groups (log-rank test: P-value = 0.51). Multivariate Cox regression showed no clear difference in first remission between ETA-B and ETA-O (adjusted hazard ratio 1.43, 95% CI 0.65-3.13). Among 125 participants with at least 12 months of follow-up, the prevalence of sustained remission was 19.5% for ETA-B and 21.0% for ETA-O. In multivariate analysis, we did not detect a significant difference in sustained remission between ETA-B and ETA-O (adjusted odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 0.31-4.74).
Conclusion:We did not detect clear differences in first remission and sustained remission between participants with RA initiating ETA-B or ETA-O.
Trial registration: Not applicable.
Wellness in the invisible workforce: a pilot study in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) women faculty in the pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences.
Authors: Harris Suzanne C. , Loop Matthew Shane , Tanni Kaniz Afroz , Jackson Klarissa D. , White Carla Y.
Published: November 2024

Background
Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) women faculty are underrepresented in biomedical sciences and higher education. This disparity has been highlighted in previous studies to harm productivity, career progression, and well-being. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and perceived impact of a longitudinal well-being program for BIPOC women faculty, estimating its effects on well-being, burnout, and self-efficacy.
Methods
Full-time faculty in pharmacy or pharmaceutical science, identifying as BIPOC women, participated in this pilot study. Cohort 1 engaged in a two-year program, while Cohort 2 participated for one year. Open-text questions assessed program impact on well-being, and inductive coding identified themes. Well-being, burnout, and self-efficacy were measured using the General Well-Being Index (WBI), Maslach Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS), 2-items from the Maslach Burnout Index-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and General Self-Efficacy Survey (GSES). Descriptive statistics were calculated for primary and secondary outcomes.
Results
Seventeen participated in Cohort 1, and 23 participated in Cohort 2. Both cohorts reported a positive impact on well-being and a sense of community as a result of the program. Post-intervention median WBI decreased, and burnout and well-being risk declined (MBI: 24% and 30% point decrease, WBI: 20% and 60% point decrease for Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively). The AWS community subscale (Cohort 1) and reward subscale (Cohort 2) showed largest increases. Cohort 2 exhibited improved self-efficacy (GSES median score change of + 4.0).
Conclusion
Participants reported many of the key impacts were the program’s ability to foster a sense of community and help them develop skills for personal and professional well-being. While higher baseline risks of poor well-being and burnout persist for BIPOC women faculty, positive trends emerged post-intervention. This study contributes to innovative strategies focused on supporting the well-being of BIPOC women faculty.
No effects of multi-modal intervention against cognitive decline on atrophy and small vessel disease imaging markers in the AgeWell.de imaging study
Authors: Beyer Frauke , Kleine Lukas , Zülke Andrea , Luppa Melanie , Mildner Toralf , Frese Thomas , Gensichen Jochen , Czock David , Wiese Birgitt , König Hans-Helmut , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Thyrian Jochen René , Villringer Arno , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Witte A. Veronica
Published: November 2024

Background
Multimodal lifestyle interventions might help to maintain healthy cognition in older age and to delay onset of dementia. Here, we studied the effects of a multi-modal lifestyle-based intervention, based on the FINGER trial, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of hippocampal-limbic atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease in older adults at increased risk for dementia in Germany.
Methods
Leipzig participants of the multicenter AgeWell.de randomized controlled trial were examined with magnetic resonance imaging before and after a two year intervention at 3 Tesla MRI. We extracted hippocampal volume and entorhinal cortex thickness (ECT), free water fraction (FW), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), white matter hyperintensity volume and mean gray matter cerebral blood flow and assessed the effect of the intervention on these imaging markers using linear mixed models. We also tested the effect of the intervention on the hippocampus-dependent Mnemonic Similarity Test and fixel-based white matter microstructure.
Results
56 individuals (mean(sd) age: 68.8 (4.2) years, 26 females, 24/32 intervention/control group) were included at baseline and 41 returned after an average of 28 months for the second assessment. ECT and FW exhibited stronger decline in the intervention compared to the control group in preregistered models but not when adjusted for baseline differences. All other markers progressed similarly across groups. In exploratory analyses, cerebral blood flow increased more in the intervention group and this change was associated with decreases in systolic blood pressure.
Conclusions
In this group of older adults at risk for dementia, we did not find hypothesized beneficial effects of a multi-modal lifestyle intervention on brain imaging markers of neurodegeneration and small vessel disease. Yet, preliminary evidence suggested an association of the intervention, increased cerebral blood flow and systolic blood pressure reductions.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (reference number DRKS00013555)
Preoperative ultrasound to identify prefrailty in patients undergoing total hip/knee replacement: A single-center, prospective, cohort study
Authors: Xue Heng , Kang Meng , Huang Jiuping , Wang Xiaoxiao , Lai Xuan , Ma Zhe , Xiang Qian , Tian Hua , Guo Xiangyang , Li Yang , Han Yongzheng
Published: November 2024

Objective
To identify prefrailty in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement using preoperative ultrasound measurements of muscle dimensions and stiffness, with the goal of detecting high-risk prefrailty patients.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, patients who underwent total hip/knee replacement were enrolled. Preoperative dimensions and stiffness of the biceps brachii (BB) were assessed using grey scale ultrasound (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Patients were preoperatively assessed for prefrailty based on FRAIL scale.
Results
In this study, a total of 121 consecutive patients [median age 71 years, (IQR 68–73 years), 94 women] were included. Sixty-five patients (53.7%) had prefrailty. The proportion of females is higher in the prefrail group compared to the non-frail group (86.2% vs. 67.9%, P = 0.023). The hemoglobin value in prefrail group was lower than that in non-frail group (130.2 ± 13.9 g/L vs. 136.2 ± 12.6 g/L, P = 0.031). US measurements revealed significant differences in BB thickness and area between prefrail and non-prefrail groups on both dominant and non-dominant sides. These differences were observed in both absolute values and relative values (normalized by BMI) (all p < 0.05). BB perimeter showed a significant difference between groups on the dominant side only (all p < 0.05). The AUC of BB thickness on dominant side (after normalization by dividing by BMI) was 0.664 (0.565–0.762), which was the largest among all US variables.
Conclusion
Preoperative US measurements of BB dimensions demonstrated its predictive value for prefrailty in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement surgery. However, SWE was found to be insufficient in distinguishing between prefrail and non-frail patients.
Delayed Completion of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination among Children 0 – 4 years in Rural Uganda: A Socio-Demographic Inquiry
Authors: Malemo Herbert , Tamale Andrew , Kakwangire Paul , Igwe Matthew C. , Mwine Dickens R. , Asiimwe Isa , Mbina Solomon A. , Abalinda Mary G.
Published: November 2024

In spite of the commendable global Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) coverage in the last two decades, full completion is still below target; and in Uganda, the 3 + 0 PCV regimen has been reported to have a steady decline in the completion rate. However, reasons for the delayed completion are unknown. Study aimed at assessing the influence of socio-demographic factors on delayed PCV completion among young children. A cross-sectional study design among 362 child/caretakers pairs in Bugongi Town Council was employed and using stratified sampling – Allocation Proportional to Size, data was collected using pretested questionnaires; entered and analysed using STATA v14 and significant statistical association was considered at P ≤ 0.05. Of the 362 children, majority (53.87%) were boys. Child mean age was 25.1 ± 14.3 months. 87.57% caretakers were females and majorities of them were aged 20–29yrs (47.8%), peasant farmers (79.8%), married (90.6%), attained primary education (63.5%) and earned average monthly income of UGX 10,000 – UGX 50,000 (41.4%). Of the 362 children, 92 (25.41%) had delayed to receive their PCV-3 doses. Only boy child [cOR = 1.65, (95%CI: 1.03–2.66); P = 0.039) and caretaker’s age 30–39 [cOR = 2.12 (95%CI: 1.06–4.24); P = 0.033) showed statistical significance at bivariate analysis. The multivariate model found parent’s age 20–29 years [aOR = 2.39 (1.14–5.01); P = 0.021] and 30–39 years [aOR = 2.51 (1.16–5.45); P = 0.020] as positively associated factors whereas being married [aOR = 0.20 (0.04–0.96); P = 0.044] was the only negatively associated factors to delayed completion of PCV vaccination among young children. Among children who complete the last dose of PCV vaccination, a considerable proportion are actually receiving it late resulting into eventual failure to curb the intended bacterial respiratory tract infections. Thus, concerted efforts in terms of sensitization is un-doubtfully desired especially among caretakers aged 20–39 years as well as those who are not married.
Factors and practices associated with deteriorating scalp conditions amongst headscarf-wearers: A national-level cross-sectional study
Authors: Fazal Zoha Zahid , Zaidi Syeda Maria Ahmad , Ali Danish , Malick Ayesha Ali , Ibrahim Romesa , Sethi Aisha , Masood Sadia
Published: November 2024

Background
There is scarce literature that highlights the association of scalp dermatoses and consistent head cover practiced in various religions and cultures.
Methods
A national-level cross-sectional study was conducted via online survey dissemination to hijab-observing female university students of Pakistan. Participant characteristics, activities and hijab-related practices were compared with subjective deterioration of scalp health (SDSH) after starting hijab through a cross-sectional survey. The Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables were used. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the possible associations. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Our results showed that scalp health subjectively deteriorated in 302 (59.3%) of the 509 hijab-observing women. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that being employed (odds ratio [OR], 2.03 [95% CI, 1.08-3.82]; P = 0.027), making tight hairstyles at least once a week (OR, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.40-3.70]; P = 0.001) and using hijab daily (OR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.12-3.44]; P = 0.018) were associated with an increased likelihood of SDSH. While performing scalp care for at least once daily (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.31 -0.76]; P = 0.002) and washing hijab after single or two-time use (OR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.27-0.59]; P = 0.000) were associated with a lower likelihood of SDSH.
Conclusion
Our results will help in formulating pioneering guidelines on scalp care tailored for Muslim women who observe hijab and perhaps also other faiths and cultures in which the head is ritually covered.
A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Evaluating Innovation Dynamics' Effect on SME Performance in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Almansoori Sara Ismail , Araci Zehra Canan , Dweiri Fikri
Published: November 2024

It is essential to comprehend the function of innovative capabilities in the SME-driven landscape. Despite the significance of SMEs, it is unclear how innovation capabilities affect their success, which is why this study was conducted as part of an investigation. The goal of this study is to investigate the intricate interactions that exist between innovation capacities and the performance of SMEs in the United Arab Emirates. Data from 255 SME industry experts in the UAE were evaluated using SEM-Amos, and the results showed that organizational innovation, employee engagement, culture, and innovation capability all had a major impact on performance. According to the report, innovative considerations have a major impact on SME success in the United Arab Emirates, providing valuable strategic insights. These results serve as a guidance for company executives and politicians in creating an atmosphere that supports the nation's continued SME growth and economic prosperity.
Investigating Urban Heat Island Effects and Mitigation Strategies in Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Singh Durgesh , Rajput Pradeep Kumar
Published: November 2024

An urban heat island is an urban area that is significantly warmer due to anthropogenic activity and unplanned development of city that is surrounded rural area. The temperature difference usually is high at night than the day temperature. The urban heat island is particularly noticeable during the summer and winter months. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is the form the disturb of natural setting and modification of land surface area. As the per the United nation report worldwide rapid growth of urbanization and globalization brought more than 54% of world’s population in urban areas which is only around 33% 50 years back and it expected to increases up 66% by the end of 2050. In this paper to investigate the relationship between land surface temperature and biophysical parameter in the selected area, satellite data used for extraction of biophysical and LST parameters for the study of urban heat island and its effects. To investigate and understand the effects land surface temperature, form the period of 1990 2000 and 2019 satellite data are used to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST), Normalized vegetation index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Built-up and Bareness Index (NDBaL). The biophysical parameters of different time period are used to analysis the behavior change over the LST. Land cover indices were derived in order established the relationship between LST and the indices, in the result a higher level of LST was found to be associated with the lower NDVI in this research.
Semaphorin 7A Induces Liver Inflammation and Promotes Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis via ITGβ1/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Shen Leilei , Sun Xiaodong , Zheng Ruixue , Tao Min , Chen Sheng
Published: November 2024

Objective
To investigate the mechanistic role of semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) in neonatal parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).
Methods
Blood samples were collected from neonates, and an established animal model was used to evaluate inflammatory markers and liver pathology in PNAC. We quantified the expression of Sema7A, integrin β1 (ITGβ1), P65, and phosphorylated P65 (p-P65) in neonatal and rat samples, and investigated the NF-κB pathway involvement by manipulating Sema7A and ITGβ1 expression in vitro. The effects of the Sema7A/ITGβ1/NF-κB pathway were validated through targeted interventions in animal models.
Results
Neonates and rats with PNAC showed increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels, alongside decreased IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Correspondingly, Sema7A, ITGβ1, and P65/p-P65 mRNA and protein expressions were elevated. In vitro, Sema7A overexpression activated the NF-κB pathway, reversible by ITGβ1 inhibition; conversely, Sema7A knockdown attenuated NF-κB activation, partially reversible by ITGβ1 overexpression. In vivo, Sema7A overexpression worsened liver injury and cholestasis through NF-κB pathway activation, while its inhibition ameliorated these effects.
Conclusions
Sema7A activates the NF-κB signaling pathway in an ITGβ1-dependent manner, exacerbating PN-induced liver injury and cholestasis. Targeting Sema7A may offer a therapeutic strategy for alleviating neonatal PNAC.
Combined Metal-like Ductility and High Hardness in N-rich HfN Thin Films by Point Defect Superstructuring
Authors: Ghafoor Naureen , Lorentzon Marcus , Sangiovanni Davide , Takata Naoki , Zhu Tianqi , Palisaitis Justinas , Hultman Lars , Birch Jens
Published: November 2024

The strength of refractory ceramics is much limited by their brittleness. Counterintuitively, we observe simultaneous high hardness and metallic-like ductility in highly overstoichiometric single-crystal HfN1.22 and HfN1.33 films grown by ion-assisted reactive magnetron sputtering. Electron microscopy, diffraction methods, and ab-initio calculations reveal the existence of a novel type of superstructure ordering of both metal vacancies and nitrogen interstitials into sub-nanometer hyper-overstoichiometric and quasi-stoichiometric domains that self-organize into a checkerboard pattern superimposed onto the NaCl-structured lattice. A high intrinsic dislocation density enables an unparallelled ductility and strain hardening in room temperature uniaxial compression of HfN1.22 micropillars, by activation of {111}<011> slip. The films simultaneously exhibit a high hardness – tunable up to 28 GPa via control of stoichiometry – and a remarkable fracture resistance due to dislocation-mediated stress dissipation. The presented findings provide a route for synthesizing nitride superstructured films with unique hardness/toughness combinations.
Deep Learning-based Classification Model using SMOTE Resampling Technique to Identify Potent Inhibitors of Lethal Factor of Anthrax and Principal Component, Chemical Space Analysis
Authors: Kumari Madhulata , Shah Mohd Asif , Mallik Saurav , Ray Kanad
Published: November 2024

Anthrax is a highly lethal disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. Lethal factor (LF) with protective antigen directly contributes to anthrax symptoms in humans. This research work identified a small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor. We developed a consolidated computational strategy that includes a deep learning-based SMOTE + artificial neural network (ANN) hybrid model, principal component analysis, t-SNE, activity cliff, constellation plot, scaffold, and fingerprinting to identify potential drug candidates against Anthrax. The best model showed 0.98 accuracy, 0.99 specificity, 0.99 sensitivity, 0.99 F1-score, 0.99 recall, 0.99 ROC, and 0.99 precision. The trained hybrid model screened out 134 FDA-approved drugs, 338 experimental drugs, 51 phytochemical compounds of the phytochemical database, and eight natural products from NCI divest IV as anthrax inhibitors. We found scaffold of ring system with substitution patterns such as 4-oxopyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolone enhanced the biological activity of Anthrax inhibitors. Fingerprints indicated greater than 80% and are linked to the ring system using the substitution pattern scaffold. These studies conclude that SMOTE + ANN model could be an efficient method for the virtual screening of large database and a new way to screen small molecules against Anthrax.
Advantages in orthopedic implant infection diagnostics by additional analysis of explants
Authors: Suda Arnold J , Miethke Thomas , Landua Nadine , Obertacke Udo
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Implant-associated infections are the most challenging complication in orthopedics and trauma surgery as they often lead to long courses of illness and are a financial burden for the healthcare system. There is a need for fast, simple, and cheap identification of pathogens but the ideal detection method was not found yet. The work aims to test whether the detection of pathogens culturing the removed implant is more successful than from simultaneously taken tissue samples or punction fluid.
Methods
Implants were removed due to infection, irritation, or loosening. Tissue samples and joint fluids were processed for bacterial growth in sterile conditions. Samples were incubated and checked for growth. Bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed. Data were anonymized, and statistical analysis was done using Excel and SAS, employing tests like Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney-U, and Kruskal-Wallis. Ethical approval was obtained for this study.
Results
Between February 2018 and April 2019, a total of 163 patients (175 cases) underwent orthopedic implant removal for various reasons. 30 cases were not usable or analyzable due to missing or damaged reference material, so 145 cases could be evaluated due to study protocol.
The range of detected bacteria was as expected and included low-virulent bacteria such as Micrococcus luteusand Corynebacteria. Pathogen detection by culture of the the explant´s was more sensitive (84.83%) than pathogen detection from tissue samples and punction fluid (64.14%, p<0.0001). Comorbidities did not play any role in the quality of detection but prior antibiotic treatment did influence the results of tissue diagnostics.
Conclusion
This study showed with a higher frequency of bacterial detection of orthopedic explant´s surface compared to tissue samples or punction fluid. This may reduce the number of samples and cost but enhances the quality of orthopedic implant-related infection diagnostics.
Vessel wall imaging of vertebrobasilar artery configurations: associations with posterior circulation infarction and high-risk plaques in atherosclerosis
Authors: Xiong Jingtong , Liu Yue , Mei Lingjun , Zhang Chen , Xia Jiying , Chen Honghai , Qu Xiaofeng , Wu Jianlin
Published: November 2024

The geometric configuration of the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) can influence hemodynamic changes in the posterior circulation. This study aims to analyze the correlation of vascular morphology with posterior circulation infarction (PCI) and high-risk plaques on vessel wall imaging (VWI). A total of 249 atherosclerotic inpatients with 530 plaque segments located in the basilar artery (BA) and vertebral artery (VA) were retrospectively enrolled, comprising 98 PCI and 151 non-PCI patients. The configurations of VBA were classified on VWI and 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D TOF-MRA), with a further quantitative evaluation conducted on VWI. VWI achieved higher diagnostic accuracy in detecting tuning fork, walking, and lambda VBA configurations, and revealed increased sensitivity in diagnosing VA hypoplasia (VAH), compared to TOF-MRA. Higher proportions of PCI and high-risk plaques were observed in the lambda and walking configurations than the tuning fork. No statistical difference in VAH was observed between the PCI and non-PCI groups (P = .972). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean diameter of bi-VAs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.709 (1.115–2.618), P = .014] and grade of BA lateral position [OR = 1.461 (1.071–1.993), P = .017] were independent risk factors associated with PCI. High-risk plaque segments featured larger diameter, remodeling index, plaque volume, BA-midline, and vessel length compared with those with low-risk plaques (all P < .05). VWI offers the dual advantages of observing vascular morphology and evaluating high-risk plaques, which aids in the timely identification of individuals with PCI risks.
Early Life Factors of Precocious Puberty: A Study of Korean Nationwide Data
Authors: Lee Myeongseob , Kim Junghyun , Kim Haedong , Shin Jaeyong , Suh Junghwan
Published: November 2024

Background
Precocious puberty is characterized by early sexual maturation in children before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. While puberty is initiated by the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, precise mechanisms triggering the early activation of this axis in children with central precocious puberty (CPP) remain elusive. Here, we aimed to identify variables that may influence the risk of CPP.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children and included 43,952 children with CPP and 854,749 matched controls. Participants were followed up until 2020 for CPP development to determine their height, weight, and head circumference measurements, as well as evaluate their physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social development.
Results
The birth weights for boys and girls with CPP were 0.09 and 0.06 kg lower than those of controls, respectively. Breastfeeding rates for children with CPP were lower than those for controls. Children with low birth weights (boys: odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, P < 0.0001; girls: OR = 1.30, P < 0.0001) and those who were overweight (boys: OR = 1.33, p = 0.0006; girls: OR = 1.30, p < 0.0001) or obese (boys: OR = 1.60, P < 0.0001; girls: OR = 1.14, P < 0.0001) were more likely to develop CPP. Breastfeeding exerted a significant protective effect against CPP in girls (OR = 0.95, P = 0.0003).
Conclusions
Low birth weight and high body mass index were associated with CPP development.
97 Machine Learning Algorithms in the Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Jin Tongtong , Yao Dongang , Xu Yan , Zhang Xiaopeng , Dong Xu , Bai Haiya
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To establish a predictive model for prognosis of cutaneous melanoma using machine learning algorithms in large sample data
Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma in the SEER database from 2010 to 2015 was performed using 12 different machine learning algorithms, for a total of 97 algorithm combinations, to screen for variables associated with cutaneous melanoma prognosis and to build predictive models.
Results: A total of 24,457 cases were collected in this study, and 8,441 cases were finally included. Among them, 5908 cases in the training set and 2533 cases in the test set. The results of the study show that StepCox[both] + RSF is the best model. The variable features screened by the best model were Sex, Age, Marital, T stage, N stage, Ulcer, Site, Histologic, Surgery, Chemotherapy, Bone metastasis, Liver metastasis and Lung metastasis.
Conclusion: We have developed a predictive model with good accuracy for cutaneous melanoma prognosis using a combination of 97 machine learning algorithms in a large sample database.
Development of an adjoint-based data assimilation method toward predicting SSE evolution: Two-step optimization of frictional parameters and initial strength on the fault
Authors: Ohtani Makiko , Kame Nobuki , Kano Masayuki
Published: November 2024

Data assimilation (DA) has tried to incorporate GNSS data into physics-based fault slip models to estimate frictional properties and predict future slip evolution on faults. For unstable slip events such as ordinary fast-slip earthquakes and slow slip events (SSEs), accurately estimating the frictional strength, as well as the frictional parameters, is crucial for reliable slip prediction. However, the frictional strength has not been directly observed, and thus, previous DA studies have often assumed a steady-state strength value for the initial strength to estimate the frictional parameters, which limits the accuracy of long-term slip predictions. In the present study, we propose a new adjoint-based DA method that estimates an appropriate initial frictional strength along with the frictional parameters for assimilating long-term SSEs. The key idea is to impose an additional constraint on DA that assumes the current SSE will recur periodically, though the exact interval is unknown. This approach reflects the observed recurring nature of SSEs. This new method is validated through numerical experiments focusing on long-term Bungo Channel SSEs in southwest Japan. The results demonstrate that our proposed method provides reasonable estimates for both the initial strength and the frictional parameters, enabling accurate predictions of slip evolution and the timing of subsequent SSEs, along with determining the unknown recurrence interval. The method proves effective even with data windows shorter than the recurrence interval, overcoming the limitations of previous DA methods.
Pre-bulging hydromechanical deep-drawing forming performance of a hydraulic punch for stepped parts
Authors: Dong Chenchen , Ma Jianping , Han Haimei , Zhang Wenze , Liu Fei , Yang Lianfa
Published: November 2024

With the development of lightweight materials in various fields, there is a need to research and improve the application of aluminum alloys in sheet metal forming, including body covering parts and complex curved aircraft skins. Specifically, the forming quality and formability of complex stepped parts, such as automobile motor shells and oil bottom boxes, should be improved. Therefore, this study is based on the principle of pre-bulging hydromechanical deep-drawing (PHDD), conducting a forming study of 1060-O aluminum plate with stepped parts. First, based on the analysis of stepped parts, a forming device consisting of a hydraulic punch and rigid die is designed, and a PHDD test platform is built to conduct experiments. Second, the effects of pre-bulging parameters on the forming height, wall thickness distribution, and hardness distribution of stepped parts are analyzed. Finally, to obtain parts with good formability under an optimal parameter combination, a four-factor and four-level orthogonal test is designed, and simulation analysis is conducted using DYNAFORM software. The results show that the wall thickness distribution of the stepped parts is more uniform under the PHDD process, and the movable die designed by the forming device can effectively improve the forming height of stepped parts, reaching 28.9 mm. This study has engineering applications for improving the formability and forming quality of stepped parts.
The impacts of Anion and Cation Modification on the Physicochemical Properties of Tri-(2-hydroxyethyl) Ammonium-Based Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids
Authors: ABDELMAGID AHMED MOHAMED , Ziyada ABOBAKR Khidir , Elkarsani KHALID Saad Mohamed
Published: November 2024

The main distinguishing feature of protic ionic liquids (PILs) is that their cations have at least one accessible proton, which allows them to form hydrogen bonds with anions. Furthermore, their cost-effectiveness and straightforward synthesis technique make them suitable for large-scale applications. In the present work, a series of ammonium based protic (PILs) and aprotic ionic liquids (AILs) which are tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium acetate ([HEA][Ac]), tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium lactate ([HEA][La]), tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium butyrate ([HEA][BU]), Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium ascorbate ([HEA][AS]), allyl tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride ([AyHEA][Cl]), and benzyl tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride ([BzHEA][Cl]), were synthesized and characterized using NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of these ILs were determined at temperatures ranging from 273.15 to 353.15 K. In addition, various thermodynamic properties, including the thermal expansion coefficient, molar refraction, standard molar entropy, and lattice energy, were estimated for these ILs. The results demonstrate that these ILs exhibit lower densities, comparable refractive indices and viscosities, and a lower decomposition temperature than their analogs based on tri-(2-hroxyethyl) ammonium. In addition, the ILs exhibited a slight dependence on temperature for the thermal expansion coefficients, αp, which ranged from 6.27 × 10−4 to 7.07 × 10−4 K-1. These findings offer valuable information on the properties and potential uses of tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium -based protic and aprotic ionic liquids containing carboxylate and chloride anions.
Learning Constraint Orderings for Direct Diagnosis
Authors: Uta Mathias , Le Viet-Man , Felfernig Alexander , Helic Denis
Published: November 2024

Given an inconsistent set of constraints, it is important to efficiently resolve the underly-ing conflicts. Conflict resolution can be regarded as a specific type of explanation, oftendenoted as diagnosis. Efficiency is of high importance in interactive constraint-based appli-cations. In this article, we utilize diagnosis knowledge from the past to improve diagnosisefficiency while also maintaining user-defined preference criteria. Our approach integratesmodel-based collaborative filtering with model-based diagnosis. This allows us to increasethe efficiency of diagnostic reasoning for determining preference-preserving diagnoses.With our experiments on real-world configuration knowledge bases (B2C, BUSYBOX,EA and LINUX KERNEL), we demonstrate an improved runtime performance comparedto state-of-the-art diagnosis approaches. At the same time, we are able to achieve a highaccuracy level in diagnosis prediction. With this, we also contribute to the growing bodyof literature on combining machine learning and constraint-based reasoning.
Molecular Cartography of the Human and Mouse Down Syndrome Brain
Authors: Kalish Brian , Feng Min Yi , Cao Wuxinhao , Li Gen , Kukreja Bharti , Tahmasian Nareh , Rusu Bianca , Youn Ji-Young
Published: November 2024

Down syndrome (DS, or Trisomy 21) is one of the most common genetic causes of intellectual disability. DS results in both abnormal neurodevelopment and accelerated neurodegeneration, but the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal cortical construction and aging are incompletely understood. To gain molecular insight into the prenatal neurobiology of DS, we performed single-nucleus sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and proteomics on mid-gestational prenatal human brain tissue. We captured altered expression dynamics of lineage commitment genes and pronounced de-repression of transposable elements in DS neural progenitor cells, which suggest changes to the fate and functionality of neuronal and glial cells. Given the importance of linking human and model system pathobiology, we also performed highly multiplexed RNA in situ spatial transcriptomics on a well-established trisomic mouse model (Ts65Dn) to study the cellular landscape of the trisomic brain during early life and aging. We profiled the spatial transcriptome of > 240,000 cells in the mouse brain and identified trisomy-associated gene expression patterns in the molecular control of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Together, our study provides a comprehensive cross-species understanding of the complex multicellular processes underlying DS neurodevelopment.
Urine and serum L-type fatty acid-binding protein levels in preeclampsia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Katsura Daisuke , Tsuji Shunichiro , Tokoro Shinsuke , Inatomi Ayako , Kita Nobuyuki , Murakami Takashi
Published: November 2024

Background
We aimed to examine the relationship of maternal urine and serum L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) levels with the severity of preeclampsia (PE) and the effectiveness of these biomarkers as predictors of maternal and fetal deterioration in PE.
Methods
This study included women with singleton pregnancies. Urine and blood samples were collected at the diagnosis of PE. The cases were classified as 1) PE cases that worsened and required delivery within 1 week from sample collection (PE-delivery group) and 2) PE cases that did not result in delivery within 1 week from sample collection (PE-control group). We analyzed the relationship between L-FABP levels and the severity of PE and compared the data between the two groups.
Results
In total, 53 singleton pregnancies were analyzed and classified into the PE-delivery (32 pregnancies) and PE-control groups (21 pregnancies). No significant differences were observed in urine (median 12.3 µg/gCr vs. 27.4, p = 0.449) and serum L-FABP levels (median 2.73 ng/mL vs. 1.67, p = 0.279) between severe [43 (71.7%)] cases and non-severe [17 (28.3%)] PE cases. Urine (median 79.7 µg/gCr, p = 0.044) and serum L-FABP levels (median 9.52 ng/mL, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in cases of severe PE due to maternal factors than in the non-severe PE cases. In the PE-delivery group, 26 (70.3%) pregnancies had maternal indications and 11 (29.7%) had fetal indications. Urine and serum L-FABP levels were significantly higher in cases with delivery owing to maternal indications in the PE-delivery group than in the PE-control group (median 57.4 vs. 2.83 µg/gCr; p < 0.001; median 3.47 vs. 1.18 ng/mL; p < 0.001, respectively); no significant difference was found in cases with delivery owing to fetal indications in the PE-delivery group compared to such cases in the PE-control group (median 1.93 µg/gCr; p = 0.555; median 1.18 ng/mL; p = 0.68, respectively). The areas under the concentration-time curve and optimal cutoff values for urine and serum L-FABP levels for delivery within 1 week owing to maternal indications were 0.901 (12.3 µg/gCr) and 0.819 (1.64 ng/mL), respectively.
Conclusions
Urine and serum L-FABP levels were significantly higher in cases of PE, reflecting maternal conditions, and were highly accurate predictive factors of maternal deterioration in PE.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Fintech Innovation and Financial Inclusion: A Global Perspective
Authors: Kouam Arthur William Fodouop
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Fintech innovation and financial inclusion from a global perspective, addressing significant gaps in the literature where regional and sector-specific analyses have predominated. Utilizing a robust empirical framework grounded in Technology Adoption Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory, the research analyzes a diverse sample of 300 Fintech companies across various geographical contexts. Through rigorous data collection from industry reports, corporate disclosures, and financial databases, we employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and moderation analyses to examine the relationships between AI integration, innovation levels, and financial inclusion outcomes. Our findings reveal a significant positive correlation between AI integration and both Fintech innovation (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) and financial inclusion (β = 0.35, p < 0.01), indicating that effective AI adoption enhances operational efficiency and accessibility to financial services, particularly for underserved populations. Notably, while perceived challenges associated with AI implementation significantly impacted innovation and financial inclusion, they did not moderate these relationships, suggesting that the transformative potential of AI remains viable despite existing obstacles. This research contributes to the existing literature by enriching theoretical understanding and offering practical implications for stakeholders aiming to harness AI for sustainable financial ecosystems. Our results advocate for developing tailored regulatory frameworks that foster innovation and address the ethical and operational concerns posed by AI in Fintech.
Utilization of Postpartum Family Planning and Associated Factors among Postpartum Women Attending 5 Healthcare Facilities in a Rural District in Northern Uganda
Authors: Emmanuel Madira , Grace Auma Anna , Kabunga Amir , Asiimwe Mary Goretti , Acobi Andrew , Namukwana Beth , Izaruku Ronald , Acayo Vicky Caroline , Opio Peter Paul , Dokotum Opio Okaka
Published: November 2024

Background: Postpartum family planning (PPFP) uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa remains low, with Uganda reporting a 35% utilization rate. Despite the availability of both short-term and long-acting methods, the use of PPFP in Alebtong a rural district in Northern Uganda, East Africa, is particularly low. This low utilization persists despite the district's high fertility rate and being the country’s lowest number of registered family planning users. Family planning is a crucial public health program that significantly improves maternal and child health, reduces mortality rates, and enhances community well-being
Objective: To assess the level of utilization of PPFP and the contributing factors among postpartum women attending health facilities in a rural district of Northern Uganda.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 483 women within 12 months postpartum, recruited from five randomly selected health facilities between October and November 2022. Quantitative data was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed using STATA version 17.0, with descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression performed at a 95% confidence interval to identify predictors of PPFP utilization.
Results: The utilization of postpartum family planning was 41.61% (95% CI: 37.17 – 46.15). Independent predictors or contributing factors to PPFP utilization included education level (primary: APR: 0.753; 95% CI: 0.641-0.883; p=<0.001), partner’s age (APR: 1.203; 95% CI: 1.004-1.443; p=0.05), parity (APR: 0.755; 95% CI: 0.635-0.897; p=0.001), uncertainty about timing for next pregnancy (APR: 1.994; 95% CI: 1.09-3.646; p=0.03), and advice from friends about PPFP methods (APR: 1.358; 95% CI: 1.171-1.575; p=<0.001).
Conclusion: Low utilization of PPFP among postpartum women is influenced by various factors. The Ministry of Health should prioritize improving access to PPFP services through both health facilities and community outreach. A multisectoral approach is essential to raise awareness, and enhance knowledge among women and the population, and contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.
Ransomware Detection Using Multi-Vector Anomaly Profiling for Maximum Security
Authors: Chadler Sheldon , Davis Sullivan , Delacroix Tobias , Carrington William
Published: November 2024

The every increasing sophistication of cyber threats requires innovative detection methodologies to safeguard digital infrastructures. Multi-Vector Anomaly Profiling (MVAP) emerges as a groundbreaking approach, offering a comprehensive analysis of system behaviors across multiple dimensions to identify subtle anomalies indicative of ransomware activity. MVAP integrates analyses of file system interactions, network traffic patterns, process execution sequences, and resource utilization metrics, constructing detailed anomaly profiles that enhance detection accuracy. Empirical evaluations demonstrate MVAP's efficacy in identifying diverse ransomware types, achieving high accuracy rates while maintaining low false positive and false negative occurrences. Comparative analyses underscore MVAP's superiority over traditional detection methods, highlighting its adaptability and robustness in addressing the evolving landscape of ransomware threats. The findings affirm MVAP's potential as a significant advancement in cybersecurity, providing a proactive and effective solution for mitigating the impact of ransomware attacks.
Development Of Bio-Based Pva/Gelatin Film Extracted From Hilsa Ilisha Fish
Authors: Singh Anurag
Published: November 2024

Fish consumption has steadily increased during the last few decades, accompanied by an increase in aquaculture production at the expense of wild capture. In line with this trend, the preferences of an increasingly wealthier and urbanised population are turning towards convenience foods, driving the fish industry to transition away from marketing whole fish and towards filleted products. Gelatin is created by partially denaturing collagen, the primary structural protein in connective tissue, resulting in a more soluble material with a larger range of applications. Gelatin properties vary based on animal species, age, source tissue, and extraction circumstances. In fish, the skin yields more and higher-quality gelatin than the bone. Fish skin waste can be widely used for biopolymer extraction. Gelatin extraction using saline and alkaline solutions. FTIR was also used to examine the chemical structure and thermal degradation. The current study focuses on the extraction and characterisation of gelatin from fish skin, as well as the preparation of a gelatin/PVA/ZnO based biodegradable blend film prepared solvent casting method. The effect of several parameters, such as mechanical, thermal, optical, and morphological qualities, on different blend film compositions was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscope examinations of gelatin/PVA/ZnO blend films revealed miscibility, interaction, and micro phase separation of chitosan, PVA, and ZnO molecules. The created mix film can be used for biodegradable packaging