bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘I Have My Own Spaceship’
Authors: Terbish Baasanjav
Published: June 2019

This paper is about folk healers in Kalmykia, southwest Russia, locally referred to as medlegchi, and their eclectic healing methods that combine elements of the earlier religions of Buddhism, shamanism and folk beliefs with modern theologies, ideas and concepts. Although the paper focuses upon the contemporary situation of folk healers, the author also briefly describes the development of Kalmyk folk healing in order to explain its varied and de-centralised contemporary nature. Alleging to receive their healing knowledge directly from their guardian deities (the majority of whom are Buddhist gods), all Kalmyk folk healers are eclectic in their methods, some more so than others. For example, those who are members of the community Vozrozhdenie [Revival], discussed in the paper, differ from many others by the speed with which they absorb ultra-new ideas and anxieties into their healing practices, which today include UFOs, a cosmic god and aliens, among other things.
Mothers and Moral Activists
Authors: Cavaliere Paola
Published: June 2019

Many sociological studies have discussed the importance of religion and gender as two key components facilitating civic engagement, which in turn is believed to foster citizenship and democratization. Most female members of Japanese new religions engage in a variety of service-oriented volunteer initiatives where they tend to provide help and support to individuals directly, outside of organized volunteer organizations and civic associations. Such volunteer behaviour is defined in the literature as informal volunteering. In this respect, this paper addresses three main questions: 1) What aspects of religiosity relate to women’s participation in informal volunteering sponsored by Japanese religious organizations? 2) What specific volunteer models of women’s social engagement are articulated through informal volunteering and what is the dominant background neoliberal ideology? 3) How do these models foster women’s citizenship and social participation? This paper draws upon two sets of qualitative data (2010–2012 and 2015–2017) of religious-based volunteer activities performed by women belonging to four Japanese religious organizations: Risshō Kōseikai 立正佼成会, Shinnyoen 真如苑, the Roman Catholic Church in Japan (Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai 日本カトリック教会), and GLA ジーエルエー (God Light Association).
Sovereignty and the Constitution
Authors: Bangash Yaqoob Khan
Published: June 2019

The constitution of a country is the supreme national institution, and its provisions significantly affect the development of politics and society. The process of constitution making is key for understanding the constitution, and an assessment of the process makes possible a better and deeper understanding of the workings of the country, its politics, economy, and polity. The discussion of Islamic constitutionalism has recently gained momentum, especially in the wake of a reorganization of the Middle East and the Arab Spring. This paper focuses on the development of the first “Islamic” constitution, that of Pakistan, and analyzes the issues and problems it faced. It focuses on the issue of sovereignty, a concept underlying modern democracy, and uses the debates of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan during the critical debate on the Objectives Resolution, in March 1949. The experience of Pakistan is seminal, as we historically understand and currently assess the issues of Islam, democracy, and the modern nation state.
Migrating Musical Myths
Authors: Barker Andrew D.
Published: June 2019

Allusions to the ‘Libyan aulos’ or ‘Libyan lōtos’ are quite common in Euripides, but occur nowhere in earlier texts and only sporadically later. The identity of the instrument to which these unusual expressions refer is something of a mystery. I argue that it cannot be a special kind of instrument distinct from the familiar aulos, but that the designation reflects a mythological tradition, difficult but by no means impossible to trace in our sources, according to which the aulos and its music originated in North Africa rather than in Phrygia, where the more familiar legends locate it.
Centaur-Musicians in Classical Iconography
Authors: López María Isabel Rodríguez , Mayorga Claudina Romero
Published: June 2019

Centaurs, hybrid mythical beings, were associated with barbarism in antiquity, due to the fact that the widely disseminated iconography of the Centauromachy portrayed them as violent creatures against the Lapiths, creating an opposition between man/beast, order/chaos. However, the role of the divine centaur Chiron as Achilles’ teacher offered another vision of these beings, especially in connection with music. This paper proposes a new interpretation of the iconographic evolution of the centaurs in association with music: as part of the heroes’ education, the Dionysian and Marine thiasos and their presence in funerary art. A progressively humanised representation of these creatures might be explained by the role of music as a civilising influence, enabling their elevation to a higher spiritual level and as a way to obtain immortality.
Τὸ καλόν as a Criterion for Judging Innovation (τὸ καινόν) in Greek Musical Pedagogy
Authors: Gostoli Antonietta
Published: June 2019

The Pseudo-Plutarchan De musica provides us with the oldest history of Greek lyric poetry from pre-Homeric epic poetry to the lyric poetry of the fourth century BC. Importantly, the work also contains an evaluation of the role of music in the process of educating and training citizens. Pseudo-Plutarch (Aristoxenus) considers the καλόν in the aesthetic and ethical sense, which makes it incompatible with the καινόν dictated by the new poetic and musical season.
Article 46C of the Malabo Protocol: A Contextually Tailored Approach to Corporate Criminal Liability and Its Contours
Authors: Michalakea Taygeti
Published: June 2019

This article examines the corporate criminal liability provision of the Protocol on Amendments to the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (Malabo Protocol), which is the first to grant an international or regional criminal court jurisdiction over corporations. It analyses the provision in light of the wide substantial jurisdiction of the future criminal law section of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights, the complementarity provision, the modes of responsibility and demonstrates its strengths and weaknesses. It argues that the corporate criminal liability provision will particularly contribute to a regional quest for justice and accountability against corporate impunity, as it is contextually tailored but also well equipped to address corporate wrongdoing.
Polyalthia khaoyaiensis (Annonaceae), a new species from Thailand
Authors: BUNCHALEE PASAKORN , CHANTARANOTHAI PRANOM , JOHNSON DAVID M. , MURRAY NANCY A.
Published: June 2019

A new species, Polyalthia khaoyaiensis, is proposed based on materials from central Thailand. The species appears most similar to Polyalthia meghalayensis and Polyalthia evecta, differing from these taxa in having shorter pedicels and usually two (rather than one) ovules per carpel. From P. meghalayensis it differs further in absence of a claw from the inner petals. The new species is described and illustrated. The conservation status of the species is considered and it is given an assessment of Least Concern (LC), as it is locally common in the hill evergreen forest of Khao Yai National Park.
Taxonomic identity of Cochranella petersi Goin, 1961 and Centrolenella ametarsia Flores, 1987
Authors: GUAYASAMIN JUAN M. , CISNEROS-HEREDIA DIEGO F. , CASTROVIEJO-FISHER SANTIAGO
Published: June 2019

We assess the taxonomic status of Hyalinobatrachium petersi and Cochranella ametarsia based on the examination of type material and recently collected specimens. We conclude that the material assigned to them is morphologically undistinguishable from two previously described species (Cochranella pulverata and Cochranella oyampiensis, respectively) and, therefore, are junior synonyms.
A review of Boreoheptagyia Brundin, 1966 (Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from East Asia and bordering territories, with the description of five new species
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A. , ENDO KAZUO , WU JINGYANG , WANG XINHUA
Published: June 2019

Five new species of Boreoheptagyia Brundin, B. alulasetosa Makarchenko, Wu et Wang, sp. n., B. ambigua Makarchenko, Wu et Wang, sp. n., B. nepalensis Makarchenko et Endo, sp. n., B. sasai Makarchenko et Endo, sp. n., and B. xinglongiensis Makarchenko, Wu et Wang, sp. n., from East Asia and bordering territories are described and figured as males. Six additional species are commented on: B. brevitarsis (Tokunaga), B. kurobebrevis (Sasa et Okazawa), B. rotunda Serra-Tosio, B. similis (Chaudhuri et Ghosh), B. tibetica Makarchenko et Wang, and B. unica Makarchenko. A key to the males of Boreoheptagyia from East Asia and bordering territories is presented.
Redescription of Polynemula, with description of a new species of Polynema (Doriclytus) from Argentina (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
Authors: TRIAPITSYN SERGUEI V. , AQUINO DANIEL A.
Published: June 2019

The little known Neotropical genus Polynemula Ogloblin (Mymaridae) and its type species P. rufosignata Ogloblin are redescribed based on the type material and a recently collected female specimen from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. A new species of Polynema Haliday from the newly defined pallidiventre species group of Polynema (Doriclytus Foerster), P. (D.) nupogodi sp. n., is described from Argentina and the only other species in this new group, P. (D.) pallidiventre (Ogloblin), is redescribed. A key to the two species of this group is provided.
Redescription of Entomobrya quinquelineata Borner, 1901 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) and description of three new species
Authors: BAQUERO ENRIQUE , JORDANA RAFAEL
Published: June 2019

A study of all available specimens of E. quinquelineata Börner, 1901 from different museums and private collections, revealed that more than one species was involved. We reached this conclusion by using conventional taxonomical characters and patterns of macrochaetotaxy. We redescribe here the specimens most probably identical to Börner's original material, and describe three new species, one from Spain, one from Morocco and one from England. As with other species of Entomobrya, identification of any specimen belonging to this genus should not be made using only the colour pattern.
A new, long-standing misidentified species of Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke from Departamento Cusco, Peru (Anura: Strabomantidae)
Authors: DE LA RIVA IGNACIO , CHAPARRO JUAN C. , PADIAL JOSÉ M.
Published: June 2019

We present the description of a new species of the recently described genus Psychrophrynella. Hitherto, frogs of this new species were traditionally misidentified as Phrynopus peruvianus. The new species is known only from elevations of 3270–3450 m in the vicinity of the type locality in the Cordillera de Paucartambo, Departamento Cusco, Peru. It is unique within Psychrophrynella in having a marked, oblique inner tarsal tubercle. The geographically closest species Psychrophrynella bagrecito Lynch, also possesses a tarsal tubercle.
Heinrich Friese (18601948): Names proposed and notes on a pioneer melittologist (Hymenoptera, Anthophila)
Authors: RASMUSSEN CLAUS , ASCHER JOHN S.
Published: June 2019

Heinrich Friedrich August Karl Ludwig Friese (1860–1948) was an important pioneer bee biologist (melittologist). Between 1883 and 1939 he described 1,989 new species and 564 new varieties or subspecies of insects, of which over 99% were bees. His research was global, including description of new taxa from all biogeographical regions where bees occur, belonging to all seven extant bee families and 124 genera, including Megachile (with 262 species-group taxa proposed), Bombus (232), and Halictus (153). The present catalog provides a complete list of the taxa proposed by Friese, including a bibliography of his 270 entomological publications. The catalog lists all valid names proposed by Friese and details on the nomenclature, sex, and region of origin of each. The current combination and subgeneric placement are cited for taxa now regarded as valid species. A brief biography is followed by a discussion of how to locate and treat Friese types, a notoriously complicated issue due to Friese’s confusing labeling practices and the broad dispersion of his specimens.
A new Western Pacific Tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae): The first Pleuronectiform discovered at active Hydrothermal Vents
Authors: MUNROE THOMAS A. , HASHIMOTO JUN
Published: June 2019

Symphurus thermophilus n. sp., described from 16 specimens collected by submersibles, ROV, epibenthic sled and dredge, occurs on a variety of substrata at several active hydrothermal sites located at 239–733 m between 21°N and 35°S in the western Pacific Ocean. Symphurus thermophilus, the only pleuronectiform fish known to inhabit hydrothermal vent areas, is characterized by the combination of a 1–2–2–2–2 pattern of interdigitation of dorsal proximal pterygiophores and neural spines, 14 caudal-fin rays, 5 hypurals, 9 abdominal vertebrae, 47–51 total vertebrae, 88–94 dorsal-fin rays, 74–80 anal-fin rays, 100–112 scales in longitudinal series, ocular-side pigmentation pattern featuring 5–8, black, mostly incomplete crossbands, uniformly white blind side, and black peritoneum. Of specimens examined, seven including the holotype, were collected on Kaikata Seamount off southern Japan; one specimen was collected at the Kasuga-2 hydrothermal vent, Marianas Islands; and six were collected at sites on the Kermadec Ridge. In addition to specimens captured, many other S. thermophilus were observed from submersibles and ROVs at hydrothermal sites in the western Pacific including those in the Marianas Islands, at Nikko Seamount near Minami-Iohjima Island, and at Minami-Ensei Knoll, Mid-Okinawa Trough. Many of the specimens examined have skeletal anomalies including fused bones in the caudal skeleton, and missing or partially developed and/or misshapen fin rays.
The genus Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) from the southwestern Pacific, with the descriptions of two new species
Authors: RAHAYU DWI LISTYO
Published: June 2019

Two new species of Pseudopaguristes, P. mclaughlinae and P. pachydactylus are described from the southwestern Pacific. Both species have tuberculate spines that cover the mesial faces of the dactyls of the chelipeds, a character shared with P. hians (Henderson, 1888) and P. asper Rahayu, 2005. Pseudopaguristes mclaughlinae n. sp. differs from the two previously mentioned species in having the long and slender pereopods and a tergal thickening of the left second to fourth pleonal somites accompanied by row of long, moderately dense, plumose setae in females. Pseudopaguristes pachydactylus n. sp. is characterized by the short dactyls of the triangularly-shaped chelipeds and the absence of a row of hooked spines on the distal margin of inferior lamella of the male first pleopod. Two other species also found in the region are P. monoporus (Morgan, 1987) and P. laurentae (Morgan & Forest, 1991). A key to the known Indo-Pacific species of the genus Pseudopaguristes is provided.
Specimens of Galatheidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) collected by N.Pq. "Soloncy Moura" off the Southern Coast of Brazil under the Revizee Program
Authors: DE MELO-FILHO GUSTAVO A. SCHMIDT
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this work was to analyze the distribution patterns of the species belonging to the family Galatheidae collected under the Revizee Program (Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone) off the Brazilian Southern Coast. The study area extended from the Baía da Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro; 23°43’S) south to Ilha de Santa Catarina (Santa Catarina; 27°22’S). The collections were made during several cruises of N.Pq. “Soloncy Moura” between August 2001 and April 2002 over the shelf and slope (101–604 m). One species of the genus Agononida, five species of Munida, and one species of Munidopsis were collected. The general distribution patterns of the species are discussed.
A new species of the genus Tithaeus from China (Arachnida: Laniatores: Epedanidae)
Authors: LIAN WEI-GUANG , ZHU MING-SHENG , KURY ADRIANO B.
Published: June 2019

The genus Tithaeus Thorell, 1891 is newly recorded from China with a new species: T. drac, based on specimens collected from Guangxi Province. The new record represents an expansion of 700 km to the northeast of the known range of the genus. The taxonomic status of the genus Tithaeus is discussed, based on external and male genital morphology.
Macrobrachium agwi - a new species of freshwater prawn (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from East Bengal, India
Authors: KLOTZ WERNER
Published: June 2019

Freshwater prawns do not only have economic importance in hydroponics and fisheries for food purposes, but also recently receive increasing attention in aquarium trade (Karge & Klotz 2007). An examination of some prawns imported as ‘ornamental shrimps’ from Cooch Behar, East Bengal, India to Europe revealed that they belong to a hitherto undescribed species of the genus Macrobrachium and are described here in detail. The new species belong to the group of specimen with large eggs, indicating abbreviated or direct larval development in freshwater, occurring in inland river systems (Tiwari 1955b). Morphological M. agwi nov.sp. is most similar to M. kempi (Tiwari, 1947) first described from Chittagong, Bangladesh, M. altifrons altifrons (Henderson, 1893) from Northern India and Nepal and M. hendersoni (De Man, 1906) known from hill streams in East India and Myanmar. Though the proposed new species can be distinguished from M. kempi by lacking a dense fur of setae on the lower margin of the propodus of male large cheliped, from M. altifrons by the shape and armature of second chelae and from M. hendersoni by lacking longitudinal groves covered with fine hairs on fingers of second chelipeds.
Life history and larval chaetotaxy of Ahmetia achaja (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae, Theclini, Cheritrina)
Authors: BALLMER GREGORY R. , WRIGHT DAVID M.
Published: June 2019

Aspects of the life history of Ahmetia achaja (Fruhstorfer) and a description of the immature stages are presented. Larval chaetotaxy and morphological features of the eggs and pupae suggest a close phylogenetic relationship with some other members of the subtribe Cheritrina.
Description of a new species of Streptosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from the Mediterranean and Canary Islands with a re-description of Streptosyllis arenae and comments on the taxonomy of Streptosyllis and some morphologically similar genera
Authors: FAULWETTER SARAH , VASILEIADOU AIKATERINI , PAPAGEORGIOU NAFSIKA , ARVANITIDIS CHRISTOS
Published: June 2019

A new Streptosyllis species, S. nunezi n. sp., is described from shallow sandy substrates in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. The new species is distinguished by a unique combination of characters: teeth of the shafts of the compound chaetae covered by hyaline hood; 1–2 lateral tips formed by the hyaline hood covering the blades of the compound chaetae; strongly serrated dorsal simple chaetae which appear as 2–4 robust teeth when viewed laterally. The re-description of its closest congener, the type species S. arenae Webster and Benedict, 1884, is also provided based on the type material, as well as a key to the currently valid species and table of characters for the genus. Finally, some comments are made for the characters distinguishing the genera Streptosyllis, Syllides, Anoplosyllis, Astreptosyllis and Streptospinigera, which are listed in a table and a potential key for their identification is proposed.
Epimeriidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from New Zealand with a description of a new species
Authors: LÖRZ ANNE-NINA
Published: June 2019

Epimeria horsti sp. nov., collected from New Zealand seamounts at 970–1156 m depth, is described in detail. This increases the number of known species of New Zealand Epimeriidae to four. Additionally Epimeria bruuni Barnard, 1961, previously known only from the Kermadec Trench at 2470 m depth, is redescribed using new material collected from Young Nicks Seamount, Hikurangi Plateau. A key is provided for all New Zealand epimeriids. Epimeria horsti can be distinguished from similar species by the unique combination of the following characters: eyes present; dorsal carinae starting on pereon 6; epimera 1–2 posterolateral corner rounded; epimeron 3 posterolateral corner produced.
Rhabditid nematodes found from a rocky coast contaminated with treated wastewater of Casey Station in East Antarctica, with a description of a new species of Dolichorhabditis Andrassy, 1983 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)
Authors: KITO KENJI , OHYAMA YOSHIKUNI
Published: June 2019

Three unknown species of rhabditid nematodes were found from sediment collected in a rocky coast area at Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. The sediment was contaminated with treated wastewater which had been discharged through a pipeline extending from Casey Station (Australia). The most abundant of the three species is described here as Dolichorhabditis tereticorpus sp. n. based on female specimens. Dolichorhabditis tereticorpus resembles Dolichorhabditis dolichuroides (Anderson & Sudhaus, 1985) but is distinguished by the features of body length, pharyngeal corpus, and vulval lips. The remaining two undetermined species, Rhabditidae sp. 1 and Rhabditidae sp. 2, are briefly reported because the specimens obtained were inadequate in condition or number for detailed taxonomic analysis. It is suggested that these three species are peculiar to this rocky coast, although it is not certain yet whether they are specific to the habitat contaminated with the discharged effluent of the station.
Revision of the genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen, 2009 (Tetractinellida: Phymaraphiniidae) with description of a new species from the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: CARVALHO FRANCISCA C. , PISERA ANDRZEJ
Published: June 2019

Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen 1924 (Porifera: Astrophorina) is a family of lithistid demosponges that has received little attention in the past decades. The systematic problems within this family have not been addressed for a long time due to the absence of new records and material. The genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen 2009 was first described by Schmidt (1879) as Rimella to allocate the species Rimella clava, found in the Caribbean. In 1892, Topsent found what he thought to be the same species described by Schmidt in the Azores, and synonymized it with Racodiscula clava, as he thought this species belonged to the family Theonellidae Lendenfeld 1903. However, Rimella and Racodiscula belong to distinct families: Rimella to Phymaraphiniidae, and Racodiscula to Theonellidae. Due to the fact that the genus Rimella was already preoccupied by a gastropod, it was renamed as Exsuperantia. In result of the poor preservation of Schmidt’s material and the absence of new specimens, the attribution of Topsent’s specimens to the family level remained obscure. Here, we review the genus Exsuperantia based on the analysis of new material recently collected during various research expeditions in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The comparison of these new specimens with Schmidt’s and Topsent’s type material, allowed us to assign Topsent’s specimens to a new species, Exsuperantia archipelagus sp. nov., and confirm its attribution to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae). Phylogenetic reconstructions using newly generated sequences of the cytochrome subunit (COI) marker also support the assignment of the new species to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae).
Two new species of eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) from Malaysia
Authors: YUAN YAN-MEI , XUE XIAO-FENG
Published: June 2019

Two new species of the family Eriophyidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from Mount Trusmadi, Malaysia, are described and illustrated. They are Neodicrothrix grandcaputus sp. nov. on Stachyurus himalaicus (Stachyuraceae) and Latitudo asiaticis sp. nov. on Psychotria asiatica (Rubiaceae). Both of the two new species are vagrant on the lower leaf surface. No damage to the host was observed. In addition to the description, a key to species of Neodicrothrix is provided.
Palaeopsylla (Palaeopsylla) aysenurae n. sp., a new ctenophthalmid flea (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) from Turkey
Authors: KESKIN ADEM , BEAUCOURNU JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: June 2019

A new flea species, Palaeopsylla (Palaeopsylla) aysenurae n. sp., belonging to the Palaeopsylla minor-group is described and illustrated. Specimens (seven males and nine females) of the new species were collected from Talpa levantis Thomas, 1906 (Mammalia: Talpidae) from Trabzon province of Turkey. An identification key to all known species of the Palaeopsylla minor-group is provided.
Measuring Antitrust Damages in the Presence of Foreign Government Regulation
Authors: Chen Pian , D’Auria David
Published: June 2019

The U.S. Supreme Court on June 14, 2018, reversed the Second Circuit’s 2016 decision to vacate a $147 million judgment against two Chinese companies, who allegedly fixed vitamin C prices. The high court held that courts should give foreign governments’ statements “respectful consideration” but are not bound by another country’s description of its own laws. Going forward, courts will need to evaluate a foreign government’s statements when defendants claim a contradiction between U.S. law and foreign regulations as a defense. When government regulation and private cartelization overlap, complications arise because the foreign companies may be liable for their anticompetitive conduct that was beyond the requirement of and might even have influenced foreign government policies. Using two illustrative cases ( In Re Vitamin C Antitrust Litigation and Resco Products v. Bosai Minerals), we analyze the impact of the price floor and export quotas and propose a new, workable methodology for measuring antitrust damages attributable to the private cartel in the presence of foreign regulation.
Strategic Responses to Entry in Communications Markets: Evaluating Financial Consequences for Incumbents
Authors: Majumdar Sumit K.
Published: June 2019

In the last few decades, communications markets have undergone several major institutional disruptions. This article examines the relationship between the entry of new competitors and the economic and financial impacts of such entry contingent on the responses made by incumbents. The context is telecommunications local exchange carriers’ territories in the United States, which has served as a laboratory for institutional experiments in the sector. In markets with greater competitive entry, there has been a significant response by incumbents in increasing advertising spending and reducing selling and overhead costs. Enhanced annual advertising expenditures by incumbents have been estimated to be $600 million, and annual selling cost and overhead cost reductions as $1.3 and $2.1 billion. Given responses to advertising spending, additional annual revenues generated would be around $1.7 billion. Competitor entry in incumbents’ markets have yielded the incumbents annual net economic benefits of $4.5 billion, representing increments to profits of over 22% and up to 45%. To test for the robustness of results, the impact of the different types of mergers that have occurred in the sector have been accounted for in detail. The estimates for the entry variables stay consistent. The idea that disruptive institutional changes cause major resource reconfiguration in firms is supported, and results provide insights on an important issue at the confluence of several literatures.
The need for ethical leadership in combating corruption
Authors: Bashir Mohsin , Hassan Shahidul
Published: June 2019

In this article, we empirically assess the role of ethical leadership in reducing corruption. We also examine whether the effectiveness of ethical leadership in curbing corruption depends on the quality of the reward system in public organizations. We focus on two related components of the reward system: the use of performance-based rewards and procedural fairness. Using data collected through a survey of 741 employees in 154 government and non-profit organizations in Pakistan, we find a negative association between ethical managerial leadership and reports of corruption. We also find that the use of performance-based rewards is associated with fewer incidences of corruption, and that the negative relationship between ethical leadership and corruption is stronger when employees report low levels of procedural fairness. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on and strategies for combating corruption in public organizations.

Points for practitioners

Ethical managerial leadership can reduce corruption in public organizations in developing countries. The need for ethical leadership is particularly high in organizations that are yet to establish a fair reward system. Moreover, to reduce incidences of unethical behavior and promote ethical behavior, managers in public organizations in developing countries should communicate ethical standards clearly, encourage subordinates to make decisions in an ethical manner, and hold subordinates accountable for unethical conduct.
Exit Strategies in Interorganizational Collaboration: Setting the Stage for Re-Entry
Authors: Woo DaJung
Published: June 2019

Researchers have studied organizational exit primarily as a terminal process in which people engage in communication to manage and make sense of permanent closures of their relationships and membership. However, in interorganizational collaborations (IOCs), where individuals representing multiple organizations voluntarily come together and create a temporary alliance to address a shared problem, communication during the exit process can shape the collaborative partners’ post-exit relationships and future collaboration opportunities. To explore how such processes occur in the complex and dynamic environment of IOCs, this article develops a negotiated open process view of exit based on the Bona Fide Group Collaboration Model and presents a field study of IOCs in a regional planning context. Findings reveal three main strategies by which collaborative partners negotiated the open process of exit to secure their involvement in a future IOC. This article concludes with a discussion of implications for theorizing IOCs’ exit as part of a trajectory of ongoing collaborative relationships enacted by strategic communicative actions of collaborators.
A Differential Association Theory of Socialization to Commercialist Career Paths in Science
Authors: Johnson David R.
Published: June 2019

Drawing on sixty-one in-depth interviews conducted with commercial and noncommercial scientists at four universities in the United States, this paper examines why academic scientists embrace commercially oriented career paths in higher education. A central goal of this paper is to expand our descriptive and conceptual understanding of socialization in the academic profession by examining the explanatory power of differential association theory. Differential association theory emphasizes how patterns of behavior are learned through a process of interaction with different types of individuals with varying ideas about the acceptability of a particular course of action. The results demonstrate that socialization to commercialism is an interactive learning process in which scientists learn definitions that are favorable to commercial career trajectories. Such learning is often necessary because prior socialization can either lead to unfavorable views of commercialization or shelter doctoral students from techniques of and rationales for commercialization.
Timing of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Surgically Treated HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Townsend Melanie , DeWees Todd , Gross Jennifer , Daly Mackenzie , Gay Hiram , Thorstad Wade , Jackson Ryan S.
Published: June 2019

Objective

Optimal timing of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) remains understudied in human papillomavirus (HPV)–related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Objectives are to determine if delays between surgery and radiotherapy, breaks during radiotherapy, disease, or patient factors are associated with recurrence or survival decrements in HPV‐related disease.

Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Subjects

A total of 240 cases of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma from 2000 to 2016.

Methods

Patient and tumor characteristics (American Joint Committee on Cancer, eighth edition), delays to radiation initiation, and breaks during radiation were recorded. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were analyzed.

Results

RFS and OS were not significantly affected by delays to PORT >6 weeks or by treatment intervals >100 days (surgery to PORT completion). Breaks during PORT significantly imparted an OS detriment (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.8). Advanced‐stage disease was significantly associated with reduced RFS and OS. Subgroup analysis of stage I versus stage II/III disease found that >6 weeks to PORT initiation and treatment intervals >100 days did not significantly decrease RFS or OS in either stage group. Advanced‐stage disease was significantly associated with worsened OS (HR, 6.6; 95% CI, 2.3‐19.1) and RFS (HR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.5‐18.4). Breaks during PORT significantly reduced RFS (HR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2‐10.8) and OS (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐9.0) in the stage II/III subset.

Conclusion

Delays to radiotherapy initiation and prolonged treatment time did not affect recurrence or survival in HPV‐related oropharyngeal disease. Locoregionally advanced disease was consistently associated with worse outcomes. Breaks during PORT may affect recurrence and survival, although larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Tone painting and painting tones: A follow-up study of listeners’ audiovisual responses to Beethoven’s Thunder Storm
Authors: Elkoshi Rivka
Published: June 2019

This follow-up pilot study investigates the effect of a six-month analysis course, during which college music majors learned to see the meaning of music as being essentially intra-musical. The study aims to explore relationships between intra- and extra-musical perceptions among subjects ( N = 33) while listening to Beethoven’s Thunder Storm ( Pastoral Symphony, 4th movement). During pre- and post-intervention sessions, listeners represented the music via self-invented audiovisual products (AVPs) and related notes. Four systems of conceptualization emerged: Random responses (category-R), reflecting no reference to the music; Associative contents (category-A), suggesting extra-musical interpretations; Compound responses (category-C), combining extra- and intra-musical contents; Intra-musical contents (category-I), referring to purely musical properties. A scale of 4-6-8-10 grades for the respective categories R-A-C-I was established, with the highest score for category-I which reflects fulfilment of the course objective. By comparing between pre- and post-intervention AVPs, results show an insignificant increase in I-responses (zero to 9.5%) and 52.6% of no conceptual change through phases. The most prominent response is the extra-musical (68%) often at both pre- and post- phases (47%). The study empowers the position that classical music evokes referential contents, which should be given as much attention in teaching and learning music as ‘analytical’ properties of sound.
Move Still: The Effects of Implied and Real Motion on the Duration Estimates of Dance Steps
Authors: Sgouramani Helena , Moutoussis Konstantinos , Vatakis Argiro
Published: June 2019

It has been argued that movement can be implied by static cues of images depicting an instance of a dynamic event. Instances of implied motion have been investigated as a special type of stimulus with common processing mechanisms to those of real motion. Timing studies have reported a lengthening of the perceived time for moving as opposed to static stimuli and for stimuli of higher as compared to lower amounts of implied motion. However, the actual comparison of real versus implied motion on timing has never been investigated. In the present study, we compared directly the effect of two hypothetically analogous ballet steps with different amounts of movement and static instances of the dynamic peak of these events in a reproduction task. The analysis revealed an overestimation and lower response variability for real as compared to implied motion stimuli. These findings replicate and extend the apparent duration lengthening for moving as compared to static stimulation, even for static images containing implied motion, questioning whether or not the previously reported correspondence between real and implied motion transfers in the timing domain. This lack of correspondence was further supported by the finding that the amount of movement presented affected only displays of real motion.
Wind turbine wake position detection and rotor speed-based wake steering validation in a wind tunnel wake simulator
Authors: Castillo Ricardo , Bayne Stephen , Pol Suhas , Westergaard Carsten
Published: June 2019

Wind farm control has demonstrated power production improvements using yaw-based wake steering compared to individual turbine optimization. However, slower yaw actuation rates in response to rapid inflow changes lend to impracticality of yaw-based steering, as it causes time-varying downstream rotor–wake overlap, power production fluctuation, and consequent reduction. Therefore, closed-loop wake control is required to mitigate wake deflection uncertainty. To respond to rapid inflow variations, rotor speed actuated is investigated here. Furthermore, wake position information is required as feedback for closed-loop control function. For field-installed turbines, nacelle-based Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is expected to provide this information. So far, LIDAR-derived wake position has been determined through model-based field reconstruction of scattered LIDAR data. However, this requires sophisticated, economically prohibitive LIDARs. To incorporate inexpensive, two-beam LIDAR for wake detection, a tip vortex-based approach was developed and is also presented here. These contributions can be considered as intermediate steps toward realization of a novel closed-loop wake control.
Patterns and Usefulness of Safety Behaviors Among Community-Based Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hanson Ginger C. , Messing Jill Theresa , Anderson Jocelyn C. , Thaller Jonel , Perrin Nancy A. , Glass Nancy E.
Published: June 2019

Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) use a variety of safety strategies to reduce the frequency and severity of violence, including both informal and formal help-seeking. The purpose of this study was to identifying patterns of engagement in safety behaviors by U.S. women from outside of formal service settings, examine which factors are associated with different patterns of use, and examine the perceived usefulness of safety strategies among women who used them. Cross-sectional data from 725 women experiencing IPV were used for these analyses. A cluster analysis revealed three clusters of safety behavior use among the IPV survivors: Exploring Safety Options, Avoiding the Justice System, and Trying Everything. The trying everything cluster had high rates of use across all of the safety behaviors; they also reported the highest levels of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV. The exploring safety options cluster used the fewest safety behaviors and had the lowest level of IPV. Higher violence was related to a higher likelihood of finding safety planning helpful and a lower likelihood of finding leaving home helpful. Women who were currently living with their partner were less likely to find talking with a professional, making a safety plan, or leaving home helpful. Higher decisional conflict—uncertainty about what safety decisions would be best—was almost universally related to greater likelihood of not finding safety behaviors helpful. The study findings reinforce the importance of working with survivors to tailor safety plans with strategies that reflect their situation, and provide insights into for which tailoring of resource recommendations may be made.
Multi-objective optimisation of a small aircraft turbine engine rotor system with self-updating Rayleigh damping model and frequency-dependent bearing-pedestal model
Authors: K Joseph Shibu , Shankar K , Babu Ch Kanna , Degaonkar Girish K
Published: June 2019

A self-updating Rayleigh damping model and frequency-dependent bearing-pedestal model for multi-objective optimisation is presented through this paper and is applied for a small turbine engine rotor system for aircraft application. This engine is used as an auxiliary power unit on aircraft. The Rayleigh damping model and frequency-dependent bearing pedestal model are verified by carrying out experiments on this auxiliary power unit rotor system. The novel self-updating feature calculates the Rayleigh damping coefficients and frequency-dependent bearing-pedestal stiffness for each chromosome and modifies rotor system equation of motion for computing the objectives during multi-objective optimisation for each chromosome. This novel model is used for multi-objective optimisation of auxiliary power unit rotor system. The unbalance response and weight are minimised subjected to critical speed constraint. Controlled elitist genetic algorithm is used for the optimisation resulting in Pareto optimal solutions and the acceptable solution is identified as the solution close to Utopia point. The results are compared with the constant Rayleigh damping model. The new model has produced an accurate optimum solution superior to constant Rayleigh damping model.
Preliminary design and performance analysis of a solar-powered unmanned seaplane
Authors: Lou Bin , Wang Gaofeng , Huang Zhilong , Ye Shangjun
Published: June 2019

A solar-powered unmanned seaplane is proposed as a new strategy to avoid the challenges faced in a long nonstop solar-powered flight, and is especially designed for sea surveillance mission, like resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and observation of animal migration. A preliminary design of the solar-powered unmanned seaplane is carried out while its flight performance is analyzed later. The conceptual design of a twin-tail boom with large aspect ratio wings and buoyancy system is put forward. Aerodynamic loading of the wings is analyzed and determined by computational fluid dynamics. The energy balance models of the proposed seaplane system are created for the periods that the seaplane moors on the sea to harvest solar energy and flies in the sky to perform the mission. The parameter effects, such as wing loading, takeoff time, weight, cruise speed, takeoff ground distance, takeoff ground time, flight envelope, and endurance are discussed. The energy balance models shows that the proposed solar-powered seaplane can perform the sea surveillance mission at an altitude of around 8 km for months and seasons between latitude 60 ° N and 60 ° S.
Evaluation of Syndesmosis Reduction on CT Scan
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed Elghazy , Hagemeijer Noortje , Guss Daniel , El-Hawary Ahmed , El-Mowafi Hani , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) imaging has traditionally been considered the gold standard for evaluation of syndesmostic reduction, but there is no uniformly accepted method to assess reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and interobserver reliability of published measurement techniques for evaluation of syndesmotic reduction on weightbearing CT scan (WBCT) in hopes of determining which method is best.

Methods:

Medical records were reviewed to identify patients who underwent operative stabilization of unilateral syndesmotic injuries. Exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18 years, ipsilateral fractures extending to the tibial plafond, any contralateral ankle fracture or syndesmotic injury, and body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2. Twenty eligible patients underwent WBCT evaluation of both ankles at an average of 3 years after syndesmotic fixation. The anatomic accuracy of syndesmotic reduction was evaluated by 2 observers using axial CT images at a level 1 cm proximal to the tibial plafond using 9 previously published radiological measurement techniques. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were assessed for each evaluation method.

Results:

The syndesmotic area calculation showed the highest interobserver reliability (0.96), the highest intraobserver reliability for observer 2 (0.97), and the second highest intraobserver reliability for observer 1 (0.92). Fibular rotation had the second highest interobserver reliability in our results (0.84), with intraobserver reliability of 0.91 and 0.8 for first and second observers, respectively. The intraobserver reliability of the side-by-side method was 0.49 and 0.24 for the first and second observers, respectively, and the interobserver reliability was 0.26.

Conclusion:

Qualitatively assessing syndesmotic reduction via side-by-side comparison with the uninjured ankle had the least intra- and interobserver reliability and should not be relied on to determine syndesmotic reduction quality. In contradistinction, syndesmotic area calculation demonstrated the highest reliability when evaluating syndesmotic reduction, followed by fibular rotation. Given that syndesmotic area measurement techniques are not readily available on standard image viewers, technologically updating image viewers to allow such calculation would make this approach more accessible in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
The Intensity of Hospital Care Utilization by Dutch Patients With Lung or Colorectal Cancer in their Final Months of Life
Authors: de Man Yvonne , Atsma Femke , Oosterveld-Vlug Mariska G. , Brom Linda , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D. , Westert Gert P. , Groenewoud A. Stef
Published: June 2019

Understanding the overuse and underuse of health-care services in the end-of-life (EoL) phase for patients with lung cancer (LC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is important, but knowledge is limited. To help identify inappropriate care, we present the health-care utilization profiles for hospital care at the EoL of patients with LC (N = 25 553) and CRC (N = 14 911) in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2015. An administrative database containing all in-hospital health-care activities was analyzed to investigate the association between the number of days patients spent in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU) and their exposure to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Fewer patients received hospital care as death neared, but their intensity of care increased. In the last month of life, the average numbers of hospital bed days, ICU days, and ER contacts were 9.0, 5.5, and 1.2 for patients with CRC, and 8.9, 6.2 and 1.2 for patients with LC in 2015. On the other hand, the occurrence of palliative consultations ranged from 1% to 4%. Patients receiving chemotherapy 6 months before death spent fewer days in ICU than those who did not receive this treatment (odds ratios: CRC = 0.6 [95% confidence interval: 0.4-0.8] and LC = 0.7 [0.5-0.9]), while those receiving chemotherapy 1 month before death had more ED visits (odds ratios: CRC = 17.2 [11.8-25.0] and LC = 15.8 [12.0-20.9]). Our results showed that patients who were still receiving hospital care when death was near had a high intensity of care, yet palliative consultations were low. Receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy in the final month of life was significantly associated with more ED and ICU contacts in patients with LC.