bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of routine preoperative screening for aortic calcifications using noncontrast computed tomography on stroke rate in cardiac surgery: the randomized controlled CRICKET study
Authors: Knol Wiebe G. , Simon Judit , Den Harder Annemarie M. , Bekker Margreet W. A. , Suyker Willem J. L. , de Heer Linda M. , de Jong Pim A. , Leiner Tim , Merkely Béla , Pólos Miklós , Krestin Gabriel P. , Boersma Eric , Koudstaal Peter J. , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Budde Ricardo P. J. ,   on behalf of the CRICKET investigators
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To evaluate if routine screening for aortic calcification using unenhanced CT lowers the risk of stroke and alters the surgical approach in patients undergoing general cardiac surgery compared with standard of care (SoC).

Methods

In this prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery from September 2014 to October 2019 were randomized 1:1 into two groups: SoC alone, including chest radiography, vs. SoC plus preoperative noncontrast CT. The primary endpoint was in-hospital perioperative stroke. Secondary endpoints were preoperative change of the surgical approach, in-hospital mortality, and postoperative delirium. The trial was halted halfway for expected futility, as the conditional power analysis showed a chance < 1% of finding the hypothesized effect.

Results

A total of 862 patients were evaluated (SoC-group: 433 patients (66 ± 11 years; 74.1% male) vs. SoC + CT-group: 429 patients (66 ± 10 years; 69.9% male)). The perioperative stroke rate (SoC + CT: 2.1%, 9/429 vs. SoC: 1.2%, 5/433,p = 0.27) and rate of changed surgical approach (SoC + CT: 4.0% (17/429) vs. SoC: 2.8% (12/433,p = 0.35) did not differ between groups. In-hospital mortality and postoperative delirium were comparable between groups. In the SoC + CT group, aortic calcification was observed on CT in the ascending aorta in 28% (108/380) and in the aortic arch in 70% (265/379).

Conclusions

Preoperative noncontrast CT in cardiac surgery candidates did not influence the surgical approach nor the incidence of perioperative stroke compared with standard of care. Aortic calcification is a frequent finding on the CT scan in these patients but results in major surgical alterations to prevent stroke in only few patients.

Key Points

•Aortic calcification is a frequent finding on noncontrast computed tomography prior to cardiac surgery.

•Routine use of noncontrast computed tomography does not often lead to a change of the surgical approach, when compared to standard of care.

•No effect was observed on perioperative stroke after cardiac surgery when using routine noncontrast computed tomography screening on top of standard of care.
Parents’ experiences of initiation of paediatric advance care planning discussions: a qualitative study
Authors: Carr Karen , Hasson Felicity , McIlfatrick Sonja , Downing Julia
Published: November 2021

Advance care planning enables parents to discuss their goal and wishes for the future treatment and care of their life-limited or life-threatened child. Whilst research has identified the barriers clinicians face to initiate such discussions, the views of the parents have received scant attention. This qualitative study, using reflexive thematic analysis, aimed to explore parents’ experience of the initiation of their child’s advance care planning discussions, to help provide an understanding to inform future practice. Single interviews were undertaken with 17 non-bereaved and bereaved parents. Parents reported they had engaged with future thinking but needed time before initiating this with clinicians. They identified the need for a trusted professional and time for private, thorough, non-judgemental discussion without feeling clinicians were ‘giving up’. Parents reported that advance care planning discussions were not always aligned to the dynamics of family life. They felt that health professionals were responsible for initiating advance planning conversations according to the families’ individual requirements. There was an apparent lack of standardised protocols to assist paediatric advance care planning discussion initiation.

Conclusion: Initiating advance care planning is a complicated process that needs to be tailored to the specific parent and child situation. Health professionals need to appreciate that parents are key contributors to initiate engagement with advance care planning discussions but that they also require support and care, recognising this may facilitate the building of trust, identified as a key corner stone, of paediatric advance care planning initiation and engagement.

What is Known:• In paediatric palliative care, parents are challenged with wanting to sustain hope whilst thinking and planning for their child’s end of life. Paediatric advance care planning discussions are often delayed or avoided and triggered by physical deterioration.

What is New:• Previous relationship with HCP not essential but parental trust of the HCP is fundamental to Paediatric advance care planning initiation engagement. To build mutual trust health professionals’ approach needs to be professional, respectful and empathetic to the parent and child’s situation.• Subtle paediatric advance care planning parent initiation preparation by HCP is often unnoticed by parents but may be the crux of empowering parents to initiate advance care planning conversations themselves as they need to feel a sense of regaining control before planning ahead.
Phase Transitions in Rate Distortion Theory and Deep Learning
Authors: Grohs Philipp , Klotz Andreas , Voigtlaender Felix
Published: November 2021

Rate distortion theory is concerned with optimally encoding signals from a given signal class $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
using a budget of R bits, as $$R \rightarrow \infty $$

R
→
∞

. We say that $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
can be compressed at rates if we can achieve an error of at most $$\mathcal {O}(R^{-s})$$

O
(

R

-
s

)

for encoding the given signal class; the supremal compression rate is denoted by $$s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
∗

(
S
)

. Given a fixed coding scheme, there usually are some elements of $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
that are compressed at a higher rate than $$s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
∗

(
S
)

by the given coding scheme; in this paper, we study the size of this set of signals. We show that for certain “nice” signal classes $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
, a phase transition occurs: We construct a probability measure $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
on $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
such that for every coding scheme $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
and any $$s > s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
>

s
∗

(
S
)

, the set of signals encoded with error $$\mathcal {O}(R^{-s})$$

O
(

R

-
s

)

by $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
forms a $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
-null-set. In particular, our results apply to all unit balls in Besov and Sobolev spaces that embed compactly into $$L^2 (\varOmega )$$

L
2

(
Ω
)

for a bounded Lipschitz domain $$\varOmega $$
Ω
. As an application, we show that several existing sharpness results concerning function approximation using deep neural networks are in fact generically sharp. In addition, we provide quantitative and non-asymptotic bounds on the probability that a random $$f\in \mathcal {S}$$

f
∈
S

can be encoded to within accuracy $$\varepsilon $$
ε
using R bits. This result is subsequently applied to the problem of approximately representing $$f\in \mathcal {S}$$

f
∈
S

to within accuracy $$\varepsilon $$
ε
by a (quantized) neural network with at most W nonzero weights. We show that for any $$s > s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
>

s
∗

(
S
)

there are constants c, C such that, no matter what kind of “learning” procedure is used to produce such a network, the probability of success is bounded from above by $$\min \big \{1, 2^{C\cdot W \lceil \log _2 (1+W) \rceil ^2 - c\cdot \varepsilon ^{-1/s}} \big \}$$

min

{

1
,

2

C
·
W

⌈

log
2

(
1
+
W
)

⌉

2

-
c
·

ε

-
1
/
s

}

.
Motivational regulation strategies, academic self-concept, and cognitive learning strategies of university students: does academic self-concept play an interactive role?
Authors: Lohbeck Annette , Moschner Barbara
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to examine the specific relations between five motivational regulation strategies (i.e., interest enhancement, environmental control, self-consequating, performance self-talk, mastery self-talk), academic self-concept, and three cognitive learning strategies (i.e., organization, elaboration, rehearsal) of 415 university students. A total of n = 238 students were in the first year of their university program, while n = 178 students were in the mid-term of their university program. Results of correlation analysis revealed that all five motivational regulation strategies were positively related to the three cognitive learning strategies. In contrast, regression analysis showed that organization was only significantly linked to interest enhancement, self-consequating, and performance self-talk, while elaboration was only significantly linked to self-consequating, and rehearsal was only significantly linked to interest enhancement and performance self-talk. Academic self-concept proved to interact with interest enhancement in predicting elaboration. Furthermore, the measurement separability of the three constructs (i.e., motivational regulation strategies, academic self-concept, cognitive learning strategies) and measurement invariance across sample for the five motivational regulation strategies were also supported.
Distinct Biological Motion Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Foglia Victoria , Siddiqui Hasan , Khan Zainab , Liang Stephanie , Rutherford M. D.
Published: November 2021

If neurotypical people rely on specialized perceptual mechanisms when perceiving biological motion, then one would not expect an association between task performance and IQ. However, if those with ASD recruit higher order cognitive skills when solving biological motion tasks, performance may be predicted by IQ. In a meta-analysis that included 19 articles, we found an association between biological motion perception and IQ among observers with ASD but no significant relationship among typical observers. If the task required emotion perception, then there was an even stronger association with IQ in the ASD group.
Fair Teachers, Fair Police? Assessing the Pathways between Perceptions of Teacher and Police Authority in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Nivette Amy , Obsuth Ingrid , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: November 2021

Existing research has shown that the quality of the relationship between teacher and child is associated with more positive perceptions of school authorities. There has been relatively less attention to the processes that connect attitudes towards different sources of authority, such as between teachers and police. The current study uses a counterfactual approach to estimate the direct and indirect effects of teacher–child relationships on children’s later perceptions of police legitimacy. Using data from a longitudinal study of youth in Zurich, Switzerland, this study applies non-bipartite propensity score matching to identify matched pairs (n = 232 pairs, 55% male) of children with better versus worse relationships with their teacher at age 11 following a teacher change. Matched pairs were then compared on potential mediators (moral norms about deviant behavior and low self-control) at age 13 and perceptions of police legitimacy at age 15. The results demonstrate the importance of the quality of the relationships between students and teachers in shaping young people’s interpersonal characteristics as well as perceptions of the world around them. Namely, if young people feel that they are being treated fairly by their teachers, they are more likely to distinguish behaviors that are right or wrong (moral norms) and control their actions (self-control). Moreover, as a result they are also more likely to perceive authorities such as police as legitimate agents that facilitate societal order.
Communities of ectoparasitic arthropods associated with the root vole Microtus oeconomus in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Karbowiak Grzegorz , Stanko Michal , Rychlik Leszek , Werszko Joanna
Published: November 2021

Ectoparasitic arthropods communities associated with root voles Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776) were analysed in north-eastern Poland. The first M. oeconomus parasites recorded in the history were the fleas Palaeopsylla similis Dampf, Ctenophthalmus congerer Rothschild, C. bisoctodentatus Kolenati, and C. solutus Jordan et Rothschild. Ctenophthalmus uncinatus (Wagner) and Doratopsylla dasycnema (Rothschild) fleas and the Ixodes apronophorus Schulze tick were recorded on M. oeconomus in Poland for the first time. These species are relatively rare in Poland and specific to other species of small mammals. The incidence of M. oeconomus infestations with I. apronophorus, D. dasycnema and C. uncinatus ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 %, respectively. There are large differences in the infestation of Dermacentor reticulatus larvae and nymphs between July and August. In July, D. reticulatus may be considered the dominant ectoparasite species, in August, it is partly replaced by I. ricinus and fleas and is subdominant.
Molecular Indicators of Biomaterials Osteoinductivity - Cell Migration, BMP Production and Signalling Turns a Key
Authors: Łukowicz Krzysztof , Zagrajczuk Barbara , Wieczorek Jarosław , Millan-Ciesielska Katarzyna , Polkowska Izabela , Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna , Osyczka Anna M.
Published: November 2021

In this work we dissected the osteoinductive properties of selected, PLGA-based scaffolds enriched with gel-derived bioactive glasses (SBGs) of either binary SiO2-CaO or ternary SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system, differing in CaO/SiO2 ratio (i.e. high -or low-calcium SBGs). To assess the inherent ability of the scaffolds to induce osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), the study was designed to avoid any osteogenic stimuli beyond the putative osteogenic SBG component of the studied scaffolds. The bioactivity and porosity of scaffolds were confirmed by SBF test and porosimetry. Condition media (CM) from BMSC-loaded scaffolds exhibited increased Ca and decreased P content corresponding to SBGs CaO/SiO2 ratio, whereas Si content was relatively stable and overall lower in CM from scaffolds containing binary SBGs. CM from cell-loaded scaffolds containing high-calcium, binary SBGs promoted migration of BMSC and BMP-response in reporter osteoblast cell line. BMSC culture on these scaffolds or the ones containing ternary, low-calcium SBGs resulted in the activation of BMP-related signaling and expression of several osteogenic markers. Ectopic bone formation was induced by scaffolds containing binary SBGs, but high-calcium ones produced significantly more osteoid. Scaffolds containing ternary SBGs negatively influenced the expression of osteogenic transcription factors and Cx43, involved in cell-cell interactions. High-calcium scaffolds stimulated overall higher Cx43 expression. We believe the initial cell-cell communication may be crucial to induce and maintain osteogenesis and high BMP signaling on the studied scaffolds. The presented scaffolds’ biological properties may also constitute new helpful markers to predict osteoinductive potential of other bioactive implant materials.

Graphical Abstract
Assessing the impact of energy efficiency measures on load diagram shape—a case study in the Portuguese residential sector
Authors: Sousa José Luís , Martins António Gomes , da Costa Rodrigo Luiz
Published: November 2021

This paper intends to address the effect of energy efficiency and load management measures on load diagrams. In order to assess this specific impact, diagrams of load variations caused by energy efficiency measures are proposed. A case study is used to illustrate the effects of energy efficiency measures implemented under the Portuguese plan for the promotion of efficient electricity use (PPEC). The diagrams of load variations were estimated for measures targeting the residential sector which were approved in the six PPEC editions launched until presently. The measures were grouped according to the targeted energy service. The results of this case study indicate that energy distribution operators can change their load diagram by implementing energy efficiency measures in consumer dwellings, with demand reduction at critical periods. It is shown that energy efficiency in lighting measures can help smoothen the evening demand peak at 10 p.m. On the other hand, the effect of hot water measures, although beneficial in terms of energy saving, may increase the negative power gradient occurring at 9 a.m. due to photovoltaic generation under clear sky conditions. Diagrams of load variations can help to estimate the impact of energy efficiency measures on the network load diagram and can give important information for decision support to the distribution system operator, the utilities, and the energy regulator.
Thermal energy reduction in sanitary-ware industry by heat-recovering thermal engineering technologies
Authors: Cuviella-Suárez Carlos , Colmenar-Santos Antonio , Borge-Diez David
Published: November 2021

Ceramic industry manufacturing requires a great amount of thermal energy. Its sustainability and environmental impact demand an effort to develop more efficient technologies to reduce the consumption of fuel, mainly natural gas. In particular, the sanitary-ware production sector presents a defined special map of consumption through the manufacturing process because of the heat amounts and thermal levels of temperature. The aim of this research is to quantify the potential reduction of fuel consumption within a standard factory of sanitary-ware articles. The scope of it covers the main gas consumers, namely, kilns, dryers, heating units, or boilers. The method is based in a simulation of the process by modeling the thermophysics of the consumers, then plotting the heat recovery from one to another in order to save natural gas input. The research shows how the thermal requirement would be cut by almost a half within the factory consumption. It is consequently concluded that efficiency, environmental impact, and sustainability of this industrial sector would be improved, so as the global economy related with a potential growth of this industry, mainly in developing countries.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

Thermal consumption reduction in a sanitary-ware factory is presented and validated.

Heat recovery from kilns provides thermal energy for the rest of the thermal consumers.

Energy management accounting as an extension to environmental management accounting is provided.

The proposed method produces reductions of resources and economic improvements.
Injection-production optimization of fault-karst reservoir—considering high-speed non-Darcy effect
Authors: Li Boying , Zhou Yuhui , Li Su , Ye Yiping , Liu Hongfa
Published: November 2021

Fault-karst reservoirs are featured by complex geological characteristics, and accurate and fast simulation of such kind of reservoirs using traditional simulator and simulation methods is pretty hard. Herein, we tried to discrete the complex fault-karst structures into one-dimensional connected units connecting the well, fracture and cave based on reservoir static physical parameters and injection-production dynamics. Two characteristic parameters, conductivity and connected volume, are proposed to characterize the inter-well connectivity and material basis. Meanwhile, the high-speed non-Darcy seepage term is introduced into the material balance equations for well-fracture-cave connected units to describe the actual seepage characteristics within the fault-karst reservoirs, and to better simulate the oil/water production dynamics. Based on this method, a fracture reservoir model of 1 injection-3 production was established. The change of oil–water action law in different injection and extraction systems under two production regimes of fixed production rate and fixed pressure is analyzed. A case study was conducted on S fault zone, where the flow of oil and gas did not follow the Darcy seepage rule and with a β value of 103–104, the single well flow pressure and oil production were perfectly matched with the real data. In addition, connected units with more prominent high-speed non-Darcy features were found to have better connectivity, which might shed light on the more accurate prediction of inter-well connectivity. Moreover, an improved injection-production well pattern and was proposed based on connectivity prediction model and reservoir engineering method to solve the problems of insufficient natural energy supply and overhigh oil production rate in Block S. Furthermore, the injection/production rate as well as the timing and cycle of water injection was predicted and optimized so as to better guide to site operations.
The geometry of the Wigner caustic and a decomposition of a curve into parallel arcs
Authors: Domitrz Wojciech , Zwierzyński Michał
Published: November 2021

In this paper we study global properties of the Wigner caustic of parameterized closed planar curves. We find new results on its geometry and singular points. In particular, we consider the Wigner caustic of rosettes, i.e. regular closed parameterized curves with non-vanishing curvature. We present a decomposition of a curve into parallel arcs to describe smooth branches of the Wigner caustic. By this construction we can find the number of smooth branches, the rotation number, the number of inflexion points and the parity of the number of cusp singularities of each branch. We also study the global properties of the Wigner caustic on shell (the branch of the Wigner caustic connecting two inflexion points of a curve). We apply our results to whorls—the important object to study the dynamics of a quantum particle in the optical lattice potential.
Video-assisted self-reflection of resuscitations for resident education and improvement of leadership skills: A pilot study
Authors: Kava Lauren , Jones Kerin , Ehrman Robert , Smylie Laura , McRae Matthew , Dubey Elizebeth , Reed Brian , Messman Anne
Published: November 2021

Introduction One of the most challenging aspects of Emergency Medicine (EM) residency is mastering the leadership skills required during a resuscitation. Use of resuscitation video recording for debriefing is gaining popularity in graduate medical education. However, there are limited studies of how video technology can be used to improve leadership skills in the emergency department. We aim to evaluate the utility of video-assisted self-reflection, compared with self-reflection alone, in the setting of resuscitation leadership.

Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study conducted in 2018 at an urban level 1 trauma center with a three-year EM residency program. The trial included postgraduate year (PGY) 2 and 3 residents (n = 10). Each resident acted as an individual team leader for a live real-time resuscitation in the emergency department. The authors classified a patient as a resuscitation if there was an immediate life- or limb-threatening disease process or an abnormal vital sign with an indication of hypoperfusion. Each resident was recorded as the team leader twice. Both control and intervention groups produced written self-reflection after their first recording.
The Management Response to Wind Disturbances in European Forests
Authors: Sanginés de Cárcer Paula , Mederski Piotr S. , Magagnotti Natascia , Spinelli Raffaele , Engler Benjamin , Seidl Rupert , Eriksson Andreas , Eggers Jeannette , Bont Leo Gallus , Schweier Janine
Published: November 2021

Purpose of the Review

The review synthesises the current knowledge of post-windstorm management in selected European countries in order to identify knowledge gaps and guide future research.

Recent Findings

Despite the differences in forest ownership and national regulations, management experiences in Europe converge at (1) the need for mechanization of post-windthrow management to ensure operator safety, (2) the importance to promote operator training and optimise the coordination between all the actors involved in disturbance management and (3) the need to implement measures to consolidate the timber market while restoring forest ecosystem services and maintain biodiversity.

Windstorms are natural disturbances that drive forest dynamics but also result in socio-economic losses. As the frequency and magnitude of wind disturbances will likely increase in the future, improved disturbance management is needed. We here highlight the best practices and remaining challenges regarding the strategic, operational, economic and environmental dimensions of post-windthrow management in Europe. Our literature review underlined that post-disturbance management needs to be tailored to each individual situation, taking into account the type of forest, site conditions, available resources and respective legislations. The perspectives on windthrown timber differ throughout Europe, ranging from leaving trees on site to storing them in sophisticated wet storage facilities. Salvage logging is considered important in forests susceptible to bark beetle outbreaks, while no salvage logging is recommended in forests protecting against natural hazards. Remaining research gaps include questions of balancing between the positive and negative effects of salvage logging and integrating climate change considerations more explicitly in post-windthrow management.
Electrical Impedance Tomography Analysis Between Two Similar Respiratory System Compliance During Decremetal PEEP Titration in ARDS Patients
Authors: Su Po-Lan , Lin Wei-Chieh , Ko Yen-Fen , Cheng Kuo-Sung , Chen Chang-Wen
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level with best respiratory system compliance (Crs) is frequently used for PEEP selection in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. On occasion, two similar best Crs (where the difference between the Crs of two PEEP levels is < 1 ml/cm H2O) may be identified during decremental PEEP titration. Selecting PEEP under such conditions is challenging. The aim of this study was to provide supplementary rationale for PEEP selection by assessing the global and regional ventilation distributions between two PEEP levels in this situation.

Methods

Eight ARDS cases with similar best Crs at two different PEEP levels were analyzed using examination-specific electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measures and airway stress index (SIaw). Five Crs were measured at PEEP values of 25 cm H2O (PEEP25), 20 cm H2O (PEEP20), 15 cm H2O (PEEPH), 11 cm H2O (PEEPI), and 7 cm H2O (PEEPL). The higher PEEP value of the two PEEPs with similar best Crs was designated as PEEPupper, while the lower designated as PEEPlower.

Results

PEEPH and PEEPI shared the best Crs in two cases, while similar Crs was found at PEEPI and PEEPL in the remaining six cases. SIaw was higher with PEEPupper as compared to PEEPlower (1.06 ± 0.10 versus 0.99 ± 0.09, p = 0.05). Proportion of lung hyperdistension was significantly higher with PEEPupper than PEEPlower (7.0 ± 5.1% versus 0.3 ± 0.5%, p = 0.0002). In contrast, proportion of recruitable lung collapse was higher with PEEPlower than PEEPupper (18.6 ± 4.4% versus 5.9 ± 3.7%, p < 0.0001). Cyclic alveolar collapse and reopening during tidal breathing was higher at PEEPlower than PEEPupper (34.4 ± 19.3% versus 16.0 ± 9.1%, p = 0.046). The intratidal gas distribution (ITV) index was also significantly higher at PEEPlower than PEEPupper (2.6 ± 1.3 versus 1.8 ± 0.7, p = 0.042).

Conclusions

PEEPupper is a rational selection in ARDS cases with two similar best Crs. EIT provides additional information for the selection of PEEP in such circumstances.
Vibration-Induced Heating of Energetic Materials: A Review
Authors: Perry J. I. , Walley S. M.
Published: November 2021

The transport of energetic materials—whether by truck over rough terrain, or attached to the undercarriage of a high-performance jet aircraft—carries a certain level of inherent risk as the repeatedly applied stresses from vibration may lead to heating, mechanical degradation, and potentially even the triggering of an ignition event. Increasing knowledge of the underlying physics which control ignition is allowing us to better understand, and thus reduce, the risk of a catastrophic event occurring. The Apollo and Space Shuttle programmes provided motivation for research into the topic in the 1960s and 1970s, and some recent studies have focussed on the grain-scale physics of ignition. However, much of the useful insight has arisen from work with other primary applications in mind. Therefore, this review aims to bring together literature from several fields, with the intention of better understanding vibration-induced heating (VIH) phenomena in energetic materials. Sensitivity, VIH in viscoelastic polymers and inert composites, and a technique known as vibrothermography which uses VIH to detect cracks, are all considered where relevant read-across can be found. Often being viscoelastic materials and composites with complex rheology, energetic materials subjected to vibrational loading tend to warm up, with potential for even greater temperature rises due to anisotropy-driven localised heating mechanisms. Binders soften as temperature rises, and the chance of damage increases, which may lead to runaway heating and thermal failure (if mechanical failure does not occur first).
Asymptotic distribution of odd balanced unimodal sequences with rank congruent to a modulo c
Authors: Garnowski Taylor
Published: November 2021

Kim et al. (Proc Am Math Soc 144:687–3700, 2016) introduced the notion of odd-balance unimodal sequences in 2016. Like was shown by Bryson et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:16063–16067, 2012) for the generating function of strongly unimodal sequences, the generating function for odd-balanced unimodal sequences also has quantum modular behavior. Odd-balanced unimodal sequences thus appear to be a fundamental piece in the world of modular forms and combinatorics, and understanding their asymptotic properties is important for understanding their place in this puzzle. In light of this, we compute an asymptotic estimate for odd balanced unimodal sequences for ranks congruent to $$a \pmod {c}$$

a

(
mod

c
)

for $$c\ne 2$$

c
≠
2

or a multiple of 4. We find the interesting result that the odd balanced unimodal sequences are asymptotically related to the overpartition function. This is in contrast to strongly unimodal sequences which, are asymptotically related to the partition function. Our proofs of the main theorems rely on the representation of the generating function in question as a mixed mock modular form.
Barriers to completing the 4AT for delirium and its clinical implementation in two hospitals: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Alhaidari Abdullah A. O. , Matsis Kyriakos P.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To assess the clinical implementation and barriers to completing the 4AT for delirium in general medical and geriatric patients over 75 years upon admission to Wellington and Kenepuru Hospitals during the first eight months of 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Methods

Retrospective data from electronic health records were analysed using an explanatory-sequential mixed-methods approach. The initial quantitative phase measured doctors’ adherence to the 4AT and the rate of positive 4ATs (≥ 4). The subsequent qualitative phase identified doctors’ main reasons for omitting the 4AT through conventional content analysis.

Results

The quantitative population included 7799 acute admissions (mean age 84, 58.2% female). There was good clinical implementation of the 4AT, evidenced by an overall adherence rate of 83.2% and a rate of positive 4ATs of 14.8% that is in keeping with expected delirium rates in similar settings. The qualitative sample consisted of 875 acute admissions (mean age 84, 56.3% female) with documented reasons for omitting the 4AT. The main barriers to completing the 4AT were: reduced patient alertness, communication barriers (language, deafness, aphasia and dysarthria), prioritising patients’ wellness and comfort (addressing critical illnesses, symptoms, end-of-life issues and promoting sleep), pre-existing cognitive disorders, and unstructured delirium assessments.

Conclusion

Adherence to the 4AT was high and sustainable in both hospitals. Most barriers to completing the 4AT were potentially avoidable. Education about the 4AT in relation to these barriers may improve its implementation.
WARA-PS: a research arena for public safety demonstrations and autonomous collaborative rescue robotics experimentation
Authors: Andersson Olov , Doherty Patrick , Lager Mårten , Lindh Jens-Olof , Persson Linnea , Topp Elin A. , Tordenlid Jesper , Wahlberg Bo
Published: November 2021

A research arena (WARA-PS) for sensing, data fusion, user interaction, planning and control of collaborative autonomous aerial and surface vehicles in public safety applications is presented. The objective is to demonstrate scientific discoveries and to generate new directions for future research on autonomous systems for societal challenges. The enabler is a computational infrastructure with a core system architecture for industrial and academic collaboration. This includes a control and command system together with a framework for planning and executing tasks for unmanned surface vehicles and aerial vehicles. The motivating application for the demonstration is marine search and rescue operations. A state-of-art delegation framework for the mission planning together with three specific applications is also presented. The first one concerns model predictive control for cooperative rendezvous of autonomous unmanned aerial and surface vehicles. The second project is about learning to make safe real-time decisions under uncertainty for autonomous vehicles, and the third one is on robust terrain-aided navigation through sensor fusion and virtual reality tele-operation to support a GPS-free positioning system in marine environments. The research results have been experimentally evaluated and demonstrated to industry and public sector audiences at a marine test facility. It would be most difficult to do experiments on this large scale without the WARA-PS research arena. Furthermore, these demonstrator activities have resulted in effective research dissemination with high public visibility, business impact and new research collaborations between academia and industry.
Robust feature space separation for deep convolutional neural network training
Authors: Sekmen Ali , Parlaktuna Mustafa , Abdul-Malek Ayad , Erdemir Erdem , Koku Ahmet Bugra
Published: November 2021

This paper introduces two deep convolutional neural network training techniques that lead to more robust feature subspace separation in comparison to traditional training. Assume that dataset hasMlabels. The first method createsMdeep convolutional neural networks called$$\{\text {DCNN}_i\}_{i=1}^{M}$${DCNNi}i=1M. Each of the networks$$\text {DCNN}_i$$DCNNiis composed of a convolutional neural network ($$\text {CNN}_i$$CNNi) and a fully connected neural network ($$\text {FCNN}_i$$FCNNi). In training, a set of projection matrices$$\{\mathbf {P}_i\}_{i=1}^M$${Pi}i=1Mare created and adaptively updated as representations for feature subspaces$$\{\mathcal {S}_i\}_{i=1}^M$${Si}i=1M. A rejection value is computed for each training based on its projections on feature subspaces. Each$$\text {FCNN}_i$$FCNNiacts as a binary classifier with a cost function whose main parameter is rejection values. A threshold value$$t_i$$tiis determined for$$i^{th}$$ithnetwork$$\text {DCNN}_i$$DCNNi. A testing strategy utilizing$$\{t_i\}_{i=1}^M$${ti}i=1Mis also introduced. The second method creates a single DCNN and it computes a cost function whose parameters depend on subspace separations using the geodesic distance on the Grasmannian manifold of subspaces$$\mathcal {S}_i$$Siand the sum of all remaining subspaces$$\{\mathcal {S}_j\}_{j=1,j\ne i}^M$${Sj}j=1,j≠iM. The proposed methods are tested using multiple network topologies. It is shown that while the first method works better for smaller networks, the second method performs better for complex architectures.
Land-Law Reforms in Vietnam and Myanmar: “Legal Transplant” Viewed from Asian Recipients
Authors: Kaneko Yuka
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on the conflict of norms in the interface between the “transplanted” formal law and the local social norms in the land-law reforms in Vietnam and Myanmar, each representing different legal families, while sharing commonness in that both have attempted law-making in the post-colonial independence period in order to restore the basis of the livelihoods of the local population. Both of the legal concepts of “land-use right” (quyen su dung dat) in Vietnam and “land-use right for cultivation” (loat paing kwint) in Myanmar have been the product of law-makers’ restorative attempts at farmland security, while intentionally avoiding usage of the term “ownership” that would result in the capitalist transaction of land as a commodity. However, the contemporary land-law reforms led by donor-oriented “legal transplant” in these countries have resulted in the plunder of such policy, by reintroducing the same mechanisms of land exploitation as existed in the colonial days. Roaring protests of the local agricultural population seem to be a rising-up of the social norm descended from the immemorial past as an unwritten Constitution to bring an end to the centuries-long movement of “legal transplant” of the modern capitalist law.
From Mythic Saviours to #MeToo at the Indian Supreme Court
Authors: Das Acevedo Deepa
Published: November 2021

The Indian Supreme Court has long enjoyed an almost mythic reputation for progressive and creative jurisprudence, but a series of recent scandals is beginning to erode this well-settled authority. One of the most troubling of these incidents has been an allegation of sexual harassment and intimidation by a Court staffer against then sitting Chief Justice of India (CJI) Ranjan Gogoi. This article draws on media analysis and ethnographic research conducted in the immediate aftermath of the “CJI Scandal” to explore what it means for judges and judging in contemporary India. I argue that the justices’ response to the allegations are part of a broader shift in Indian judging. Far from being the product of an institution imbued with mythic qualities, judging in India is increasingly coming to represent an example ofmythos, or “an assertive discourse of power and authority … something to be believed and obeyed.”
The disruption of the care chain: why do Lithuanian migrant home care workers return to their home country?
Authors: Ayalon Liat , Rapolienė Gražina
Published: November 2021

This study examined reasons for return migration among Lithuanian migrant home care workers who provided care to older adults abroad. In total, 13 interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of returnees. Using constant comparison, three major themes were identified. The first theme described the undocumented nature of the job as a reason to return. The emotional consequences of the job as well as its physically demanding aspects also were portrayed. The third theme addressed the increased awareness to possible losses and care needs brought by the job. Our findings stress the importance of the job characteristics of the worker as a push factor that results in the return of migrant workers to their home. The importance of the documentation status of the job and its precarious nature are discussed.
Les néologismes en-ageen français contemporain : héritage verbal et polysémie
Authors: Huyghe Richard , Lombard Alizée
Published: November 2021

Cet article porte sur les propriétés sémantiques et syntaxiques des néologismes déverbaux en-ageen français contemporain. À partir de l’analyse d’un échantillon de 139 néologismes et de leurs bases verbales, selon le type de procès décrit, l’aspect lexical, la structure argumentale et la grille thématique, l’étude montre que la suffixation en-ageproduit essentiellement des noms de procès similaires à ceux décrits par leur base. L’hypothèse est formulée que les décalages aspectuels observés dans le lexique entre verbes et nominalisations en-agesont dus au processus de lexicalisation, et non à la construction morphologique. S’agissant de la sélection des bases, contrairement à ce qui est parfois défendu pour les noms lexicalisés, aucune prédilection pour les verbes transitifs n’apparaît, et la classe aspectuelle la plus représentée est celle des activités. Par ailleurs, la polysémie des néologismes en-agerelève principalement du type ‘action’ / ‘résultat’, et certains éléments laissent penser qu’elle résulte d’une figure métonymique, et non de la dérivation. Enfin, il apparaît que la formation de noms en -agedans le discours peut être diversement motivée, et que de nombreux néologismes sont créés en surabondance lexicale.
Linear logic in normed cones: probabilistic coherence spaces and beyond
Authors: Slavnov Sergey
Published: November 2021

Ehrhard et al. (2018. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, POPL 2, Article 59.) proposed a model of probabilistic functional programming in a category of normed positive cones and stable measurable cone maps, which can be seen as a coordinate-free generalization of probabilistic coherence spaces (PCSs). However, unlike the case of PCSs, it remained unclear if the model could be refined to a model of classical linear logic. In this work, we consider a somewhat similar category which gives indeed a coordinate-free model of full propositional linear logic with nondegenerate interpretation of additives and sound interpretation of exponentials. Objects are dual pairs of normed cones satisfying certain specific completeness properties, such as existence of norm-bounded monotone weak limits, and morphisms are bounded (adjointable) positive maps. Norms allow us a distinct interpretation of dual additive connectives as product and coproduct. Exponential connectives are modeled using real analytic functions and distributions that have representations as power series with positive coefficients. Unlike the familiar case of PCSs, there is no reference or need for a preferred basis; in this sense the model is invariant. PCSs form a full subcategory, whose objects, seen as posets, are lattices. Thus, we get a model fitting in the tradition of interpreting linear logic in a linear algebraic setting, which arguably is free from the drawbacks of its predecessors.
Stratospheric Balloons Listen In on Ground Activity
Authors: Lee Jeffrey
Published: November 2021

Solar-powered hot-air balloons, floating 2.5 times as high as Mount Everest, detected a buried explosion more clearly than ground-based sensors did.
Observed Changes of Köppen Climate Zones Based on High‐Resolution Data Sets in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Guan Yanlong , Cui Wenhui , Liu Junguo , Lu Hongwei , Jiang Yelin , Xue Yuxuan , Heiskanen Janne
Published: November 2021

Emerging and disappearing climate zones are frequently used to diagnose and project climate change. However, little attempt has been made to quantify shifts of climate zones in Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) based on the high‐resolution data sets. Our results show that highland climate was decreased substantially during 1961–2011 and were mainly replaced by boreal climate. We also found that the mean elevation of boreal and highland climate continues to rise, with obvious longitudinal geographical characteristics over the study period. Furthermore, we found that the climate spaces (a climate space defined as the volume of 10°C × 500 mm here) of both boreal and highland climate types tend to be warm and humid ones, which may provide more suitable climate conditions for species to maintain and promote diversity. Characterization of changes in QTP climate types deepens our understanding of regional climate and its biological impacts.
Surface‐Wave Dispersion in Partially Saturated Soils: The Role of Capillary Forces
Authors: Solazzi Santiago G. , Bodet Ludovic , Holliger Klaus , Jougnot Damien
Published: November 2021

Improving our understanding of the relation between the water content and the seismic signatures of unconsolidated superficial soils is an important objective in the overall field of hydrogeophysics. Current approaches to constrain the water content in the vadose zone from seismic data are based on computing the ratio between compressional and shear wave velocitiesVp/Vs. While this allows for the detection of pronounced changes in saturation, such as the groundwater table, it is essentially insensitive to variations in the saturation‐depth profile. Conversely, evidence shows that surface waves are sensitive to both the location of the water table and the saturation‐depth profile. Classic rock physics models are unable to explain the corresponding observations. We propose to estimate surface‐wave signatures accounting for capillary suction effects. We extend the Hertz‐Mindlin model using Bishop's effective stress definition, thus accounting for stiffness changes associated with capillary stresses acting on the soil's frame. We then compute the elastic properties of the partially saturated medium using the Biot‐Gassmann‐Wood model. Considering a 1D unconsolidated porous medium under steady‐state saturation conditions, as given by Richards' equation, we simulate body‐wave travel times and surface‐wave dispersion characteristics for different water table depths and overlying soil textures. Our results illustrate that surface‐wave phase velocity dispersion curves are remarkably sensitive to capillary effects in partially saturated soils, exhibiting velocity changes of up to 20% in the 10–100 Hz frequency range. These effects, which are particularly important in medium‐to fine‐grained soils, are virtually nonexistent in the correspondingVp/Vsprofiles.
Role of Oceanic Memory Effects in the Barents Sea in the Seasonal Linkage Between the Winter and Summer Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Hoshi Ryosuke , Takahashi Hiroshi G.
Published: November 2021

We investigated the mechanism of inter‐seasonal linkage between the winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the subsequent summer AO. Our focus was the collapse of the linkage in the late 1980s, associated with substantial sea ice loss in the Arctic. Because atmospheric circulation itself does not have long‐lasting memory effects from winter to summer, the seasonal persistency of sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are likely to contribute to the inter‐seasonal linkage. In the early significant‐linkage period prior to 1990, the winter AO signal was maintained in the sea ice and SST anomalies over the Barents Sea during inter‐seasonal periods. The surface anomalies then influenced the summer atmospheric circulation by exciting the Rossby wave propagation. However, in the recent poor‐linkage period after 1990, sea ice loss in the Barents Sea and Northern Hemisphere was significant. In addition, the seasonal persistency of sea ice and SST anomalies over the Barents Sea were less significant, and the winter AO signal was not maintained beyond a given season. Thus, the oceanic memory effects of the Barents Sea were reduced and might not have been associated with the recent inter‐seasonal linkage.