bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GRID-Based Spatial Interpolation Method as a Tool Supporting Real Estate Market Analyses
Authors: Szczepańska Agnieszka , Gościewski Dariusz , Gerus-Gościewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

The spatial distribution of prices is closely linked with the urban real estate market. Property prices are one of the key indicators of economic activity because they influence economic decisions. Decision-makers and consumers often need information about the spatial distribution of prices, but spatial-temporal analyses of the real estate market are based on the prices quoted in different locations across years (epochs). Due to this idiosyncrasy, the resulting datasets are dispersed (different across years) and difficult to compare. For this reason, the existing interpolation methods are not always effective in analyses of the real estate market. A different approach to interpolating real estate prices that supports the generation of continuous interpolated surfaces while maintaining the values of measurement points is thus needed. This paper proposes a method for replacing dispersed spatial data with a regular GRID structure. The GRID structure covers the measured object with a regular network of nodes, which supports uniform interpolation at every point of the analyzed space and a comparison of interpolation models in successive epochs (years). The proposed method was tested on a selected object. The results indicate that the GRID structure can be used in analyses of highly complex real estate markets where input data are incomplete, irregular and dispersed.
Effect of Inflammation on Female Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons: Mechanisms and Consequences
Authors: Barabás Klaudia , Szabó-Meleg Edina , Ábrahám István M.
Published: January 2020

Inflammation has a well-known suppressive effect on fertility. The function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the central regulator of fertility is substantially altered during inflammation in females. In our review we discuss the latest results on how the function of GnRH neurons is modified by inflammation in females. We first address the various effects of inflammation on GnRH neurons and their functional consequences. Second, we survey the possible mechanisms underlying the inflammation-induced actions on GnRH neurons. The role of several factors will be discerned in transmitting inflammatory signals to the GnRH neurons: cytokines, kisspeptin, RFamide-related peptides, estradiol and the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. Since aging and obesity are both characterized by reproductive decline our review also focuses on the mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of the impact of inflammation on GnRH neurons in aging and obesity.
What Makes a Social Robot Good at Interacting with Humans?
Authors: Onyeulo Eva Blessing , Gandhi Vaibhav
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the nuances of a social robot, how and why social robots are becoming increasingly significant, and what they are currently being used for. This paper also reflects on the current design of social robots as a means of interaction with humans and also reports potential solutions about several important questions around the futuristic design of these robots. The specific questions explored in this paper are: “Do social robots need to look like living creatures that already exist in the world for humans to interact well with them?”; “Do social robots need to have animated faces for humans to interact well with them?”; “Do social robots need to have the ability to speak a coherent human language for humans to interact well with them?” and “Do social robots need to have the capability to make physical gestures for humans to interact well with them?”. This paper reviews both verbal as well as nonverbal social and conversational cues that could be incorporated into the design of social robots, and also briefly discusses the emotional bonds that may be built between humans and robots. Facets surrounding acceptance of social robots by humans and also ethical/moral concerns have also been discussed.
Bayesian Integrative Modeling of Genome-Scale Metabolic and Regulatory Networks
Authors: Mhamdi Hanen , Bourdon Jérémie , Larhlimi Abdelhalim , Elloumi Mourad
Published: January 2020

The integration of high-throughput data to build predictive computational models of cellular metabolism is a major challenge of systems biology. These models are needed to predict cellular responses to genetic and environmental perturbations. Typically, this response involves both metabolic regulations related to the kinetic properties of enzymes and a genetic regulation affecting their concentrations. Thus, the integration of the transcriptional regulatory information is required to improve the accuracy and predictive ability of metabolic models. Integrative modeling is of primary importance to guide the search for various applications such as discovering novel potential drug targets to develop efficient therapeutic strategies for various diseases. In this paper, we propose an integrative predictive model based on techniques combining semantic web, probabilistic modeling, and constraint-based modeling methods. We applied our approach to human cancer metabolism to predict in silico the growth response of specific cancer cells under approved drug effects. Our method has proven successful in predicting the biomass rates of human liver cancer cells under drug-induced transcriptional perturbations.
Exploiting Low-Cost 3D Imagery for the Purposes of Detecting and Analyzing Pavement Distresses
Authors: Roberts Ronald , Inzerillo Laura , Di Mino Gaetano
Published: January 2020

Road pavement conditions have significant impacts on safety, travel times, costs, and environmental effects. It is the responsibility of road agencies to ensure these conditions are kept in an acceptable state. To this end, agencies are tasked with implementing pavement management systems (PMSs) which effectively allocate resources towards maintenance and rehabilitation. These systems, however, require accurate data. Currently, most agencies rely on manual distress surveys and as a result, there is significant research into quick and low-cost pavement distress identification methods. Recent proposals have included the use of structure-from-motion techniques based on datasets from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and cameras, producing accurate 3D models and associated point clouds. The challenge with these datasets is then identifying and describing distresses. This paper focuses on utilizing images of pavement distresses in the city of Palermo, Italy produced by mobile phone cameras. The work aims at assessing the accuracy of using mobile phones for these surveys and also identifying strategies to segment generated 3D imagery by considering the use of algorithms for 3D Image segmentation to detect shapes from point clouds to enable measurement of physical parameters and severity assessment. Case studies are considered for pavement distresses defined by the measurement of the area affected such as different types of cracking and depressions. The use of mobile phones and the identification of these patterns on the 3D models provide further steps towards low-cost data acquisition and analysis for a PMS.
Toward the Development of Load Transfer Efficiency Evaluation of Rigid Pavements by a Rolling Wheel Deflectometer
Authors: Deep Pawan , Andersen Mathias B. , Thom Nick , Lo Presti Davide
Published: January 2020

The jointed rigid pavement is currently evaluated by the Falling weight deflectometer which is rather slow for the testing of the jointed pavements. Continuous nondestructive evaluation of rigid pavements with a rolling wheel deflectometer can be used to measure the load transfer and is investigated. Load transfer is an important indicator of the rigid pavement’s condition and this is the primary factor which is studied. Continuous data from experimental measurements across a joint allows for the determination of not only the load transfer efficiency provided parameters characterizing the pavement is known. A three-dimensional semi-analytical model was implemented for simulating the pavement response near a joint and used for interpretation and verification of the experimental data. Results show that this development is promising for the use of a rolling wheel deflectometer for rapid evaluation of joints.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 99mTc-Tricabonyl Labeled Isonitrile Conjugates for Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Image
Authors: Lodhi Nadeem Ahmed , Park Ji Yong , Kim Kyuwan , Hong Mi Kyung , Kim Young Joo , Lee Yun-Sang , Cheon Gi Jeong , Kang Keon Wook , Jeong Jae Min
Published: January 2020

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a biomarker expressed on the surface of prostate cancer (PCa). In an effort to improve the detection and treatment of PCa, small urea-based PSMA inhibitors have been studied extensively. In the present study, we aimed to develop 99mTc-tricabonyl labeled urea-based PSMA conjugates containing isonitrile (CN-R)-coordinating ligands ([99mTc]Tc-15 and [99mTc]Tc-16). Both the PSMA conjugates were obtained at high radiochemical efficiency (≥98.5%). High in vitro binding affinity was observed for [99mTc]Tc-15 and [99mTc]Tc-16 (Kd = 5.5 and 0.2 nM, respectively) in PSMA-expressing 22Rv1 cells. Tumor xenografts were conducted using 22Rv1 cells and rapid accumulation of [99mTc]Tc-16 (1.87 ± 0.11% ID/g) was observed at 1 h post-injection, which subsequently increased to (2.83 ± 0.26% ID/g) at 4 h post-injection. However, [99mTc]Tc-15 showed moderate tumor uptake (1.48 ± 0.18% ID/g), which decreased at 4 h post-injection (0.81 ± 0.09% ID/g). [99mTc]Tc-16 was excreted from non-targeted tissues with high tumor-to-blood (17:1) and tumor-to-muscle ratio (41:1) at 4 h post-injection at approximately 4 times higher levels than [99mTc]Tc-15. Uptakes of [99mTc]Tc-15 and [99mTc]Tc-16 to PSMA-expressing tumor and tissues were significantly blocked by co-injection of 2-(Phosphonomethyl)-pentandioic acid (2-PMPA), suggesting that their uptakes are mediated by PSMA specifically. Whole-body single photon emission computed tomography imaging of [99mTc]Tc-16 verified the ex vivo biodistribution results and demonstrated clear visualization of tumors and tissues expressing PSMA compared to [99mTc]Tc-15. In conclusion, using [99mTc]Tc-16 rather than [99mTc]Tc-15 may be the preferable because of its relatively high tumor uptake and retention.
Beneficial Effects of Bariatric Surgery-Induced by Weight Loss on the Proteome of Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Authors: Varela-Rodríguez Bárbara María , Juiz-Valiña Paula , Varela Luis , Outeiriño-Blanco Elena , Bravo Susana Belén , García-Brao María Jesús , Mena Enrique , Noguera José Francisco , Valero-Gasalla Javier , Cordido Fernando , Sangiao-Alvarellos Susana
Published: January 2020

Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for obesity and has a positive impact on cardiometabolic risk and in the remission of type 2 diabetes. Following BS, the majority of fat mass is lost from the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot (SAT). However, the changes in this depot and functions and as well as its relative contribution to the beneficial effects of this surgery are still controversial. With the aim of studying altered proteins and molecular pathways in abdominal SAT (aSAT) after body weight normalization induced by BS, we carried out a proteomic approach sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) analysis. These results were complemented by Western blot, electron microscopy and RT-qPCR. With all of the working tools mentioned, we confirmed that after BS, up-regulated proteins were associated with metabolism, the citric acid cycle and respiratory electron transport, triglyceride catabolism and metabolism, formation of ATP, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and thermogenesis among others. In contrast, proteins with decreased values are part of the biological pathways related to the immune system. We also confirmed that obesity caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial density and coverage, which was corrected by BS. Together, these findings reveal specific molecular mechanisms, genes and proteins that improve adipose tissue function after BS characterized by lower inflammation, increased glucose uptake, higher insulin sensitivity, higher de novo lipogenesis, increased mitochondrial function and decreased adipocyte size.
Virtual Reality for PEripheral Regional Anesthesia (VR-PERLA Study)
Authors: Alaterre Camille , Duceau Baptiste , Sung Tsai Eileen , Zriouel Siham , Bonnet Francis , Lescot Thomas , Verdonk Franck
Published: January 2020

When used as an add-on to regional anesthesia, virtual reality (VR) has been reported to provide anxiety-reducing benefits and sedation-sparing effects. However, its impact on patient satisfaction is still a matter of controversy. We investigated the feasibility and benefits of implementing intraoperative VR distraction in a French University Hospital (Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP). This monocentric observational before–after study included 100 patients who underwent ambulatory upper limb surgery under peripheral nerve block in January 2019, 50 before and 50 after implementation of an intraoperative VR distraction protocol. Primary outcome was patient self-rated satisfaction score evaluated right after surgery. Secondary outcomes included 2-month patient-reported satisfaction score, perioperative self-rated anxiety and intraoperative hemodynamic changes. Compared to former standard care, VR distraction was associated with significantly higher postoperative satisfaction scores (10 [IQR 9; 10] vs. 9 [8; 10], p < 0.001) still reported two months after surgery (10 [10;10] vs. 10 [8.5;10], p = 0.06). Patient median intraoperative anxiety score was lower in the VR group, compared to Standard Care group (0 [0; 2] vs. 3 [0.25; 7], p < 0.001), and occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic changes was also lessened in the VR group (2% vs. 16%, 0R = 0.11[95% CI 0.002–0.87], p = 0.031). The present findings suggest that VR distraction program in the operating room could effectively improve patient satisfaction with anxiety-reduction and hemodynamic benefits.
Do Genomic Factors Play a Role in Diabetic Retinopathy?
Authors: Cabrera Andrea P. , Monickaraj Finny , Rangasamy Sampathkumar , Hobbs Sam , McGuire Paul , Das Arup
Published: January 2020

Although there is strong clinical evidence that the control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid level can prevent and slow down the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) as shown by landmark clinical trials, it has been shown that these factors only account for 10% of the risk for developing this disease. This suggests that other factors, such as genetics, may play a role in the development and progression of DR. Clinical evidence shows that some diabetics, despite the long duration of their diabetes (25 years or more) do not show any sign of DR or show minimal non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Similarly, not all diabetics develop proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). So far, linkage analysis, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not produced any statistically significant results. We recently initiated a genomics study, the Diabetic Retinopathy Genetics (DRGen) Study, to examine the contribution of rare and common variants in the development of different phenotypes of DR, as well as their responsiveness to anti-VEGF treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME). Our preliminary findings reveal a novel set of genetic variants involved in the angiogenesis and inflammatory pathways that contribute to DR progression or protection. Further investigation of variants can help to develop novel biomarkers and lead to new therapeutic targets in DR.
Obesity Does Not Increase the Risk of Asthma Readmissions
Authors: Gonzalez-Barcala Francisco-Javier , Nieto-Fontarigo Juan-José , Lourido-Cebreiro Tamara , Rodríguez-García Carlota , San-Jose Maria-Esther , Carreira Jose-Martín , Calvo-Alvarez Uxio , Cruz Maria-Jesus , Facal David , Garcia-Sanz Maria-Teresa , Valdes-Cuadrado Luis , Salgado Francisco-Javier
Published: January 2020

The relationship between obesity and asthma exacerbations is still under debate. The aim of our work is to analyse the relationship between obesity and hospital re-admissions in asthmatics. A review was retrospectively performed on all hospital admissions of adult patients due to asthma exacerbation occurring in our hospital for 11 years. All those cases with asthma as the first diagnosis in the discharge report were included, or those with asthma as the second diagnosis provided when the first diagnosis was respiratory infection or respiratory failure. Only the first hospital admission of each patient was included in this study. The Odds Ratios of a higher incidence of early/late readmissions due to asthma exacerbation were calculated using a binary logistic regression, using the body mass index (BMI) as independent variable, adjusted for all the variables included in the study. The study included 809 patients with a mean age of 55.6 years, and 65.2% were female. The majority (71.4%) were obese or overweight. No significant relationship was observed in the univariate or multivariate analyses between overweight or obesity and the early or late hospital readmissions due to asthma. Therefore, obesity does not seem to be a determining factor in the risk of asthma exacerbations.
Assessment of the Minimal Targeted Biopsy Core Number per MRI Lesion for Improving Prostate Cancer Grading Prediction
Authors: Ploussard Guillaume , Beauval Jean-Baptiste , Renard-Penna Raphaële , Lesourd Marine , Manceau Cécile , Almeras Christophe , Gautier Jean-Romain , Loison Guillaume , Portalez Daniel , Salin Ambroise , Soulié Michel , Tollon Christophe , Malavaud Bernard , Roumiguié Mathieu
Published: January 2020

Background: To study the impact of MRI characteristics and of targeted biopsy (TB) core number on the final grade group (GG) prediction. Materials and Methods: The cohort was 478 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) after positive mpMRI (multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging) followed by fusion TB. Endpoints were the upgrading and concordance rates between TB and RP specimens. Results: Upgrading rate after TB was 40.6%. Patients with upgrading had lower PIRADS (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System) scores (p < 0.001), smaller lesion size (p = 0.017), fewer TB cores (p < 0.001), and lower TB density (p = 0.015) compared with cases with grade concordance. There was a significant continuous improvement in upgrading rate when TB core number per lesion increased from 56.3% to 25.6% when <2 or ≥5 TB cores were taken, respectively (p = 0.002). The minimal TB number per lesion to reduce upgrading risk to approximately 30%was 4 in PIRADS 3, and 3 in PIRADS 4–5 cases. Conclusions: Grade group prediction by TB is significantly improved by higher PIRADS score, larger lesion size, and increased TB per lesion. At least four TB cores should be taken in PIRADS 3 score lesions, whereas three cores seem enough in PIRADS 4–5 cases to improve GG prediction and limit upgrading risk.
The Sensitivity of a Dike-Marsh System to Sea-Level Rise—A Model-Based Exploration
Authors: Marijnissen Richard , Kok Matthijs , Kroeze Carolien , van Loon-Steensma Jantsje
Published: January 2020

Integrating natural components in flood defence infrastructure can add resilience to sea-level rise. Natural foreshores can keep pace with sea-level rise by accumulating sediment and attenuate waves before reaching the adjacent flood defences. In this study we address how natural foreshores affect the future need for dike heightening. A simplified model of vertical marsh accretion was combined with a wave model and a probabilistic evaluation of dike failure by overtopping. The sensitivity of a marsh-dike system was evaluated in relation to a combination of processes: (1) sea-level rise, (2) changes in sediment concentration, (3) a retreat of the marsh edge, and (4) compaction of the marsh. Results indicate that foreshore processes considerably affect the need for dike heightening in the future. At a low sea-level rise rate, the marshes can accrete such that dike heightening is partially mitigated. But with sea-level rise accelerating, a threshold is reached where dike heightening needs to compensate for the loss of marshes, and for increasing water levels. The level of the threshold depends mostly on the delivery of sediment and degree of compaction on the marsh; with sufficient width of the marsh, lateral erosion only has a minor effect. The study shows how processes and practices that hamper or enhance marsh development today exacerbate or alleviate the challenge of flood protection posed by accelerated sea-level rise.
From Regional Dialects to the Standard: Measuring Linguistic Distance in Galician Varieties
Authors: Sousa Xulio
Published: January 2020

The analysis of the linguistic distance between dialect varieties and the standard variety typically focuses on establishing the influence exerted by the standard norm on the dialects. In languages whose standard form was established and implemented well after the beginning of the last century, however, such as Galician, it is still possible to perform studies from other perspectives. Unlike other languages, standard Galician was not based on a single dialect but aspired instead to be supradialectal in nature. In the present study, the tools and methods of quantitative dialectology are brought to bear in the task of establishing the extent to which dialect varieties of Galician resemble or differ from the standard variety. Moreover, the results of the analysis underline the importance of the different dialects in the evaluation of the supradialectal aim, as established by the makers of the standard variety.
Silica Precipitation in a Wet–Dry Cycling Hot Spring Simulation Chamber
Authors: Gangidine Andrew , Havig Jeff R. , Hannon Jeffrey S. , Czaja Andrew D.
Published: January 2020

Terrestrial hot springs have emerged as strong contenders for sites that could have facilitated the origin of life. Cycling between wet and dry conditions is a key feature of these systems, which can produce both structural and chemical complexity within protocellular material. Silica precipitation is a common phenomenon in terrestrial hot springs and is closely associated with life in modern systems. Not only does silica preserve evidence of hot spring life, it also can help it survive during life through UV protection, a factor which would be especially relevant on the early Earth. Determining which physical and chemical components of hot springs are the result of life vs. non-life in modern hot spring systems is a difficult task, however, since life is so prevalent in these environments. Using a model hot spring simulation chamber, we demonstrate a simple yet effective way to precipitate silica with or without the presence of life. This system may be valuable in further investigating the plausible role of silica precipitation in ancient terrestrial hot spring environments even before life arose, as well as its potential role in providing protection from the high surface UV conditions which may have been present on early Earth.
Dimethyl 2-{[2-(2-Methoxy-1-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxoethyl)-4,5,7-trimethoxy-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]methyl}malonate
Authors: Boichenko Maksim A. , Chagarovskiy Alexey O. , Rybakov Victor B. , Trushkov Igor V. , Ivanova Olga A.
Published: January 2020

A simple synthetic approach to dimethyl 2-{[2-(2-methoxy-1-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxoethyl)-4,5,7-trimethoxy-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]methyl}malonate has been developed, based on a B(C6F5)3-induced domino dimerization of 2-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-diester.
2,9-Dimethyl-11-(3-pentadecylphenoxy)dibenzo[c,f][1,2,5]dithiaphosphepine 11-oxide
Authors: Micheletti Gabriele , Mazzacurati Marzia , Telese Dario , Boga Carla
Published: January 2020

2,9-Dimethyl-11-(3-pentadecylphenoxy)dibenzo[c,f][1,2,5]dithiaphosphepine 11-oxide was synthesized (yield 50%) by a two-step procedure. The first step starts with a benzothiadiphosphole and bis-Grignard reagent, and the second step consists of adding the sodium salt of a derivative of cardanol. The structure of newly synthesized compound was elucidated based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 31P-NMR, IR, Electron Spray Ionization (ESI)–MS, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS), and Electron Spray Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (ESI–HRMS).
Graphene Oxide-Assisted Morphology and Structure of Electrodeposited ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Rosas-Laverde N. Ma. , Pruna A. , Busquets-Mataix D. , Pullini D.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, ZnO electrodeposition was studied with the presence of graphene oxide (GO) exploited as a possible structure-directing agent. The effect of deposition potential and duration on the morphology and structure of ZnO was analyzed. The morphology and structure of the hybrids was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Raman results indicate a successful modification of ZnO with GO sheets and a hybridization threshold of 10 mg L−1 by the evolution of the defect related band of ZnO at 580 cm−1. The morphology results show that a low GO content only slightly influences the morphology and orientation of ZnO nanostructures while a high content as 10 mg L−1 changes the morphology in nanoplates and growth orientation to lateral. The results show that while GO participated in the deposition reaction, it has a two-fold role, also by structure-controlling ZnO, indicating that the approach is valid for the use of GO as a structure-directing agent for the fabrication of ZnO nanostructures by electrodeposition with varying morphologies and orientations.
Effect of Annealing on the Interface and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Al-Cu Laminated Composite Prepared with Cold Rolling
Authors: Fu Xing , Wang Rui , Zhu Qingfeng , Wang Ping , Zuo Yubo
Published: January 2020

Cu-Al-Cu laminated composite was prepared with cold roll bonding process and annealing was carried out to study the phase evolution during the annealing process and its effect on the mechanical properties of the composite. The experimental results showed that after annealing the brittle intermetallics in the interface mainly includes Al4Cu9, AlCu and Al2Cu. With the increase of annealing temperature, the tensile strength of the composite decreases and the elongation shows a different variation which increases at the beginning and then decreases after a critical point. This phenomenon is related to the evolution of intermetallic compounds in the interface of the composite. It was also found that the crack source of the tensile sample is in the interface and delamination appeared at high annealing temperature (450 °C).
Preparation of a New Type of Cemented Paste Backfill with an Alkali-Activated Silica Fume and Slag Composite Binder
Authors: Sun Qi , Li Tianlong , Liang Bing
Published: January 2020

A new type of cemented paste backfill (CPB) was prepared using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the activator, slag and silica fume (SF) as the binder, and tailings as the aggregate. The effects of proportion of replacement of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% silica fume on the properties of CPB were studied. The strength formation mechanism of CPB was explored through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The SEM images were analyzed by IMAGE J software, and the porosity of CPB with different silica fume contents was obtained. The results show that as the amount of silica fume increases, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increases first and then decreases. When the amount of silica fume was approximately 5%, CPB with a larger UCS can be obtained. When the silica fume content increased from 0% to 5%, because silica fume has good activity and small particles, more calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gels and Mg-Al type layered double hydrotalcites (LDHs) were generated in CPB, which made it denser and improved its strength compared with the non-silica fume group. C–S–H gels were the main source of CPB strength. With a further increase in the amount of silica fume, thaumasite produced inside of CPB, reducing the content of C–S–H gels. Moreover, due to the expansion of thaumasite, it is easy to generate a large number of micro cracks in CPB, which weakens the strength of CPB.
Evaluation of the Self-Healing Ability of Mortar Mixtures Containing Superabsorbent Polymers and Nanosilica
Authors: Lefever Gerlinde , Snoeck Didier , Aggelis Dimitrios G. , De Belie Nele , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Van Hemelrijck Danny
Published: January 2020

Addition of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to cementitious mixtures promotes the self-healing ability of the material. When cracking occurs; SAPs present inside the crack will swell upon contact with water and subsequently release this water to stimulate the further hydration of unhydrated cement particles and the calcium carbonate crystallization. However; the inclusion of SAPs affects the mechanical performance of the cementitious material by the creation of macro-pores as water is retracted from the swollen SAP. To counteract the reduction in strength, part of the cement is replaced by nanosilica. In this research, different mixtures containing either SAPs or nanosilica and a combination of both were made. The samples were subjected to wet–dry cycles simulating external conditions, and the self-healing efficiency was evaluated by means of the evolution in crack width, by optical measurements, and a water permeability test. In samples containing SAPs, an immediate sealing effect was observed and visual crack closure was noticed. The smaller influence on the mechanical properties and the good healing characteristics in mixtures containing both nanosilica and SAPs are promising as a future material for use in building applications.
Powder-in-Tube Reactive Molten-Core Fabrication of Glass-Clad BaO-TiO2-SiO2 Glass–Ceramic Fibers
Authors: Yang Shuo , Heyl Hanna , Homa Daniel , Pickrell Gary , Wang Anbo
Published: January 2020

In this paper we report the fabrication of glass-clad BaO-TiO2-SiO2 (BTS) glass–ceramic fibers by powder-in-tube reactive molten-core drawing and successive isothermal heat treatment. Upon drawing, the inserted raw powder materials in the fused silica tubing melt and react with the fused silica tubing (housing tubing) via dissolution and diffusion interactions. During the drawing process, the fused silica tubing not only serves as a reactive crucible, but also as a fiber cladding layer. The formation of the BTS glass–ceramic structure in the core was verified by micro-Raman spectroscopy after the successive isothermal heat treatment. Second-harmonic generation and blue-white photoluminescence were observed in the fiber using 1064 nm and 266 nm picosecond laser irradiation, respectively. Therefore, the BTS glass–ceramic fiber is a promising candidate for all fiber based second-order nonlinear and photoluminescence applications. Moreover, the powder-in-tube reactive molten core method offers a more efficient and intrinsic contamination-free approach to fabricate glass–ceramic fibers.
A Class of Itô Diffusions with Known Terminal Value and Specified Optimal Barrier
Authors: D’Auria Bernardo , Ferriero Alessandro
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the optimal stopping-time problems related to a class of Itô diffusions, modeling for example an investment gain, for which the terminal value is a priori known. This could be the case of an insider trading or of the pinning at expiration of stock options. We give the explicit solution to these optimization problems and in particular we provide a class of processes whose optimal barrier has the same form as the one of the Brownian bridge. These processes may be a possible alternative to the Brownian bridge in practice as they could better model real applications. Moreover, we discuss the existence of a process with a prescribed curve as optimal barrier, for any given (decreasing) curve. This gives a modeling approach for the optimal liquidation time, i.e., the optimal time at which the investor should liquidate a position to maximize the gain.
On the Diophantine Equation z(n) = (2 − 1/k)n Involving the Order of Appearance in the Fibonacci Sequence
Authors: Trojovská Eva
Published: January 2020

Let ( F n ) n ≥ 0 be the sequence of the Fibonacci numbers. The order (or rank) of appearance z ( n ) of a positive integer n is defined as the smallest positive integer m such that n divides F m . In 1975, Sallé proved that z ( n ) ≤ 2 n , for all positive integers n. In this paper, we shall solve the Diophantine equation z ( n ) = ( 2 − 1 / k ) n for positive integers n and k.
Hot Compression Deformation and Activation Energy of Nanohybrid-Reinforced AZ80 Magnesium Matrix Composite
Authors: Li Houyi , Fan Lingling , Zhou Mingyang , Zhou Youlong , Jiang Kuan , Chen Yong
Published: January 2020

The hot deformation test of the nano silicon carbide (nano-SiC) and carbon nano tubes (CNT) hybrid-reinforced AZ80 matrix composite was performed at compression temperatures of 300–450 °C and strain rates of 0.0001–1 s−1. It could be observed that the flow stress of the nanocomposite rose with the reduction of deformation temperature and the increase of strain rate. The hot deformation behaviors of the composite could be described by the sine-hyperbolic Arrhenius equation, and deformation activation energy (Q) was calculated to be 157.8 kJ/mol. The Q values of the extruded nanohybrid/AZ80 composite in this study and other similar studies on extruded AZ80 alloys were compared in order to analyze the effect of the addition of reinforcement, and the effects of deformation conditions on activation energy were analyzed. Finally, the compression microstructure in an unstable condition was carefully analyzed, and results indicated that the phenomenon of local instability was easy to occur at the compression specimen of the nanohybrid/AZ80 composite under deformation conditions of low temperature with high strain rate (300 °C, 0.1–0.01 s−1), and high temperature with low strain rate (450 °C, 0.0001 s−1).
Development of a Flow Localization Band and Texture in a Forged Near-α Titanium Alloy
Authors: Zheng Guoming , Tang Bin , Zhou Quan , Mao Xiaonan , Dang Rui
Published: January 2020

This work investigated crystallographic textures and the features of a flow localization band in a forged Ti6242S billet. The flow localization band experienced a large strain and grains within it were elongated under shear stress. The main macrotextural components were made up of (11 2 ¯ 0)/<10 2 ¯ 0>, <0002>/axial direction, and a static recrystallization texture (11 2 ¯ 0)/(3 3 ¯ 02), which can be explained by motion of a prismatic  slip system and a newly proposed method of projection. Finally, three types of macrozone, each with a sharp defined texture were observed and subsequently, it was demonstrated that the formation of macrozones was only connected with parameters of thermomechanical processing and was independent of variants selection.
Discovering Temporal Patterns in Longitudinal Nontargeted Metabolomics Data via Group and Nuclear Norm Regularized Multivariate Regression
Authors: Lin Zhaozhou , Zhang Qiao , Dai Shengyun , Gao Xiaoyan
Published: January 2020

Temporal associations in longitudinal nontargeted metabolomics data are generally ignored by common pattern recognition methods such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). To discover temporal patterns in longitudinal metabolomics, a multitask learning (MTL) method employing structural regularization was proposed. The group regularization term of the proposed MTL method enables the selection of a small number of tentative biomarkers while maintaining high prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, the nuclear norm imposed into the regression coefficient accounts for the interrelationship of the metabolomics data obtained on consecutive time points. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by comparison study performed on a metabolomics dataset and a simulating dataset. The results showed that a compact set of tentative biomarkers charactering the whole antipyretic process of Qingkailing injection were selected with the proposed method. In addition, the nuclear norm introduced in the new method could help the group norm to improve the method’s recovery ability.
A Novel Characterization and Performance Measurement of Memristor Devices for Synaptic Emulators in Advanced Neuro-Computing
Authors: Al-Shidaifat AlaaDdin , Chakrabartty Shubhro , Kumar Sandeep , Acharjee Suvojit , Song Hanjung
Published: January 2020

The advanced neuro-computing field requires new memristor devices with great potential as synaptic emulators between pre- and postsynaptic neurons. This paper presents memristor devices with TiO2 Nanoparticles (NPs)/Ag(Silver) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles (NPs)/Au(Gold) electrodes for synaptic emulators in an advanced neurocomputing application. A comparative study between Ag(Silver)- and Au(Gold)-based memristor devices is presented where the Ag electrode provides the improved performance, as compared to the Au electrode. Device characterization is observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image, which displays the grown electrode, while the morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) is verified by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The resistive switching (RS) phenomena observed in Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 shows the sweeping mechanism for low resistance and high resistance states. The resistive switching time of Au/TiO2 NPs and Ag/TiO2 NPs is calculated, while the theoretical validation of the memory window demonstrates memristor behavior as a synaptic emulator. Measurement of the capacitor–voltage curve shows that the memristor with Ag contact is a good candidate for charge storage as compared to Au. The classification of 3 × 3 pixel black/white image is demonstrated by the 3 × 3 cross bar memristor with pre- and post-neuron system. The proposed memristor devices with the Ag electrode demonstrate the adequate performance compared to the Au electrode, and may present noteworthy advantages in the field of neuromorphic computing.
Low-Concentration Ammonia Gas Sensors Manufactured Using the CMOS–MEMS Technique
Authors: Shen Wei-Chun , Shih Po-Jen , Tsai Yao-Chuan , Hsu Cheng-Chih , Dai Ching-Liang
Published: January 2020

This study describes the fabrication of an ammonia gas sensor (AGS) using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)–microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technique. The structure of the AGS features interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and a sensing material on a silicon substrate. The IDEs are the stacked aluminum layers that are made using the CMOS process. The sensing material; polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/RGO), is synthesized using the oxidation–reduction method; and the material is characterized using an electron spectroscope for chemical analysis (ESCA), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD). After the CMOS process; the AGS needs post-processing to etch an oxide layer and to deposit the sensing material. The resistance of the AGS changes when it is exposed to ammonia. A non-inverting amplifier circuit converts the resistance of the AGS into a voltage signal. The AGS operates at room temperature. Experiments show that the AGS response is 4.5% at a concentration of 1 ppm NH3; and it exhibits good repeatability. The lowest concentration that the AGS can detect is 0.1 ppm NH3
Industrial Validation of a Promising Functional Strain of Lactobacillus plantarum to Improve the Quality of Italian Sausages
Authors: Campaniello Daniela , Speranza Barbara , Bevilacqua Antonio , Altieri Clelia , Rosaria Corbo Maria , Sinigaglia Milena
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes the industrial validation of a functional strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (strain 178). First, acidification in a meat model medium and bioactivity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli were assessed; the performances of Lb. plantarum 178 were compared to those of a commercial Lb. sakei and a probiotic Lb. casei. Lb. plantarum 178 inhibited the pathogens and experienced a higher acidification at 15 °C. Lb. casei and Lb. plantarum were used for an industrial fermentation of traditional Italian sausages. The strains assured the correct course of fermentation and inhibited pathogens and enterobacteria. This study represents the scaling up and the validation of a promising strain at industrial level and shows the possibility of performing the fermentation of traditional Italian sausage through functional starter cultures, combining the benefit of a controlled fermentation and possible health benefits.
Bio-Precipitation of Carbonate and Phosphate Minerals Induced by the Bacterium Citrobacter freundii ZW123 in an Anaerobic Environment
Authors: Sun Bin , Zhao Hui , Zhao Yanhong , Tucker Maurice , Han Zuozhen , Yan Huaxiao
Published: January 2020

In this study, a facultative anaerobic strain isolated from marine sediments and identified as Citrobacter freundii, was used to induce the precipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals in the laboratory under anaerobic conditions. This is the first time that the ability of C. freundii ZW123 to precipitate carbonate and phosphate minerals has been demonstrated. During the experiments, carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase and ammonium released by the bacteria not only promoted an increase in pH, but also drove the supersaturation and precipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals. The predominant bio-mediated minerals precipitated at various Mg/Ca molar ratios were calcite, vaterite, Mg-rich calcite, monohydrocalcite and struvite. A preferred orientation towards struvite was observed. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and elemental mapping showed the distribution of magnesium and calcium elements within Mg-rich calcite. Many organic functional groups, including C=O, C–O–C and C–O, were detected within the biominerals, and these functional groups were also identified in the associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Fifteen kinds of amino acid were detected in the biotic minerals, almost identical to those of the EPS, indicating a close relationship between EPS and biominerals. Most amino acids are negatively charged and able to adsorb cations, providing an oversaturated microenvironment to facilitate mineral nucleation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of struvite shows the presence of organic functional groups on the mineral surface, suggesting a role of the microorganism in struvite precipitation. The ZW123 bacteria provided carbon and nitrogen for the formation of the biotic minerals through their metabolism, which further emphasizes the close relationship between biominerals and the microorganisms. Thermal studies showed the enhanced thermal stability of biotic minerals, perhaps due to the participation of the bacteria ZW123. The presence of amino acids such as Asp and Glu may explain the high magnesium content of some calcites. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the morphological change and preferred orientation were likely caused by selective adsorption of EPS onto the various struvite crystal surfaces. Thus, this study shows the significant role played by C. freundii ZW123 in the bioprecipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals and provides some insights into the processes involved.
Structure and Thermal Properties of 2,2′-Azobis(1H-Imidazole-4,5-Dicarbonitrile)—A Promising Starting Material for a Novel Group of Energetic Compounds
Authors: Lewczuk Rafał , Książek Maria , Gańczyk-Specjalska Katarzyna , Cieślak Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

A high-nitrogen compound, 2,2′-azobis(1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile) (TCAD), was synthesized from commercially available 2-amino-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile. It was characterized with infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of TCAD tetrahydrate is monoclinic, with space group P21/c with crystal parameters of a = 10.2935(2) Å, b = 7.36760(10) Å, c = 20.1447(4) Å, V = 1500.27(5) Å3, Z = 4, and F(000) = 688. Computational methods were used in order to fully optimize the molecular structure, calculate the electrostatic potential of an isolated molecule, and to compute thermodynamic parameters. TCAD has very high thermal stability with temperature of decomposition at 369 °C. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of this compound were studied and apparent energy of activation as well as the maximum safe temperature of technological process were determined.
Heavy Metals as a Factor Increasing the Functional Genetic Potential of Bacterial Community for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
Authors: Staninska-Pięta Justyna , Czarny Jakub , Piotrowska-Cyplik Agnieszka , Juzwa Wojciech , Wolko Łukasz , Nowak Jacek , Cyplik Paweł
Published: January 2020

The bioremediation of areas contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds and heavy metals is challenging due to the synergistic toxic effects of these contaminants. On the other hand, the phenomenon of the induction of microbial secretion of exopolysaccharides (EPS) under the influence of heavy metals may contribute to affect the interaction between hydrophobic hydrocarbons and microbial cells, thus increasing the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic pollutants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of heavy metals on the changes in the metapopulation structure of an environmental consortium, with particular emphasis on the number of copies of orthologous genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis pathways and the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the experiment confirmed that the presence of heavy metals at concentrations of 50 mg·L−1 and 150 mg·L−1 resulted in a decrease in the metabolic activity of the microbial consortium and its biodiversity. Despite this, an increase in the biological degradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was noted of 17.9% and 16.9%, respectively. An assessment of the estimated number of genes crucial for EPS synthesis and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons confirmed the relationship between the activation of EPS synthesis pathways and polyaromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation pathways. It was established that microorganisms that belong to the Burkholderiales order are characterized by a high representation of the analyzed orthologs and high application potential in areas contaminated with heavy metals and hydrocarbons.