bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DBD Reactor Electric Field Distribution and Influence Factor
Authors: Cao Xiao Hua , Wang Dong Yan , Hu Hai Hua
Published: March 2013

As an effective method in automobile tail gas treatment, dielectric barrier discharge（DBD）is introduced. There are many parameters In DBD reactor that influence nitrogen oxide treatment reaction including discharge voltage, discharge frequency, discharge distance, gas influence and electrode structure. Discuss the influence of discharge voltage, discharge distance and medium thickness to electric field distribution in cylindrical DBD reactor through 2D numerical simulation
Reducing Energy Consumption for Seawater Desalination through the Application of Reflux-Recycle Concepts from Oil Refining
Authors: Ting K. E. , Ng H.T. , Li H.C.
Published: March 2013

The application of the concepts in oil and gas distillation to membrane desalination process to lower the energy cost for seawater desalination was studied in this paper. Drawing on the close analogy between multistage RO and conventional distillation separation processes, a hybrid membrane processes employing reflux and recycle concepts was developed. Reflux in membrane processes involves taking a portion of the effluent stream on the high pressure side and sending it to the low pressure side of the membrane, while recycle involves taking a portion of the permeate stream on the low pressure side and sending it to the high pressure side of the membrane. A predictive model was developed to study the effect of reflux and recycle on the specific energy consumption (SEC) and permeate quality when compared to conventional systems. In this study, the water permeability coefficients of membranes and brine recycle ratios were investigated. The results show that the SEC for a hybrid membrane processes comprising of RO and NF membrane was lower than conventional methods with the same recovery and feed concentration, suggesting that it is feasible to apply reflux and recycle concepts of distillation on desalination. Through the careful selection of RO membranes and NF membranes, benefits of reflux and recycle can be enjoyed for seawater desalination.
Pollution Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in Jiaozuo
Authors: Fang Yun Zhi , Luo Yun Yun , Hou Yu Song , Yu Shu Bin
Published: March 2013

Jiaozuo is located on the Quaternary Alluvial Fan area of submountain, lithology of which is gravel, sandy loam and loam.The pollution of Cr6+, Nitrate, Sulfate, Hardness, TDS and F are serious in the shallow groundwater of the study area. Water quality and safety was seriously affected by pollution entering into groundwater. The Chromium of shallow groundwater is from a power plant in Jiaozuo gray field, where fly ash contained a lot of heavy metal chromium. the main reason why shallow groundwater is polluted by nitrate, sulfate, hardness, TDS and F is that mining and industrial sewage is used for irrigating farmland.
Heavy Metal Contamination and Environmental Concerns on Orchard at Abandoned Tungsten Mine, Southern China
Authors: Lin Wen Jie , Chen Chu Lian , Xu Su Biao
Published: March 2013

A series of stream water, soil and fruits samples in the orchards were collected from Lianhuashan tungsten area in Guangdong Province. The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni in the samples were determined. This study targeted at the impacts of Lianhuashan wasteland on the orchards at the downstream. The results showed that the stream water was severely polluted by heavy metals, especially As and Cd, with low pH value and high electric conductivity (EC). Compared to the background orchards, the soils in the orchards at the downstream were polluted by As and Cd. The fruits in the orchards surrounding the polluted stream were seriously polluted by As and Cd. Acid waste water derived from the tailings of Lianhuashan tungsten mine entered the streams and resulted in elevated concentrations of heavy metals, lower pH values and higher EC in the stream water. The polluted streams caused soils and fruits pollution by As and Cd in the surrounding orchards.
Study of Dust Production Mechanisms during the Rotary Dumping of Powdered Materials in Hemi-Enclosed Space
Authors: Zou Sheng Hua , Zhang Deng Chun , Yin Wei , Zou Si
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the airflow distribution and the dust production mechanisms due to the rotary dumping of powered materials in a hemi-closure space using theoretical method and numerical simulations, as well as the measurement results. The materials make parabolic movements and cause the splash of the dust by impacting with the static dust and walls of the storage. The dust volume relates to the height difference of the materials dumping and horizontal velocity of the dust. The further diffusion of dust is affected by several kinds of airflow with fan airflow which is the main factor. The calculative formula for the airflow volume is given, which can also be used in the similar ventilation and dust removal system directly.
Study of Adsorption Process and Performance of Neutral Red Dye Wastewater by Bamboo Shoot Hulls
Authors: Jiang Xin Long , Jiang Yi Hua , Cai Cheng Gang
Published: March 2013

Surface response optimization of adsorption process of neutral red dye wastewater by bamboo shoot hulls with the factors of pH value, amount of adsorbent, adsorption temperature, adsorption time and the response of adsorption rate were studied. The optimal parameters for adsorption process were of adsorbent concentration of 100 mg·L-1, adsorbent particle size of 60~80 mesh, pH 4.49, adsorbent amount of 3.65 g·L-1, adsorption time and temperature of 2.23 h and 39.70 °C, respectively. The maximal absorption rate got 98.37%. The adsorption follows the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, its dynamic behavior was consistent with the second-order reaction rate equations, the adsorption quantity was 179.3201 mg·g-1 at 30 °C. The apparent thermodynamic calculation of infrared spectroscopy showed that the adsorption process were of a spontaneous heat-emitting physical adsorption other than a simple chemical adsorption. Mechanical study showed that the functional groups were of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the pore and rough surfaces inside the hulls of bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoot hulls are good biological adsorption materials.
Effect of Superphosphate as Additive on Nitrogen and Carbon Losses during Pig Manure Composting
Authors: Luo Yi Ming , Xu De Gang , Li Guo Xue
Published: March 2013

A pilot scale experiment of composting in rotting boxes used pig manure with cornstalks was carried out to study the effects of superphosphate on nitrogen and carbon losses including gas emissions. Besides control, there were five amended treatments with superphosphate addition (counted by P content) at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 molar ratio of initial nitrogen. The results indicated that superphosphate addition decreased ammonia volatilization, total nitrogen and carbon losses in composting. Total nitrogen losses of superphosphate-amended treatments were reduced by 9.3%, 14.6%, 30.1%, 45.8% and 71.5%, respectively. About 0.8% to 1.2% of initial nitrogen lost in the form of N2O emission, and the CH4 emission accounted for less than 0.3% of initial carbon. More than 0.15 molar ratio of superphosphate in compost materials caused considerable adverse effects on degradation of organic matter.
Food Waste Digestion for Hydrogen Production Using a Single-Phase Reactor
Authors: Li Huan , Zou Shu Xin
Published: March 2013

A single-phase reactor was applied to food waster digestion for hydrogen production in order to test its feasibility. Different solid retention time (SRT) and pH adjustment modes were tried in a series of semi-continuous experiments. The results showed that it was necessary to take some precautions including a long SRT and a proper pH adjustment mode so as to avoid the excessive acidification in single-phase digesters. When lime milk was added into the digester to adjust pH to about 7 once a day, the food waste digester, which had a SRT of 20 days and a feed concentration of 4%, can produce hydrogen steadily. The hydrogen content was 27.6-51.3% and the degradation rate of food waste organic matter was 54%.
The Comprehensive Treatment Pattern of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Based on Category Classification of Beijing
Authors: Zhang Hong Yu , Yang Qing Yuan , Li Guo Xue
Published: March 2013

Detailed investigations on the physical composition and properties of MSW in the experimental districts revealed that high moisture and high percentage of kitchen waste are the main limiting factors in the recovery of recyclables. A new category classified system, according to which MSW was classified as kitchen waste, other waste and ash waste, was proposed of South Beijing. In addition, a corresponding MSW treatment pattern that involves all compost for kitchen waste, incineration for other waste and landfill, for ash waste and residues of composting and incineration were constituted to promote efficiency of waste disposal. The recycling rate, benefit cost ratios and the production rate of compost were improved about 65.0%, 31.6% and 82.9%, respectively. But the landfill capacity was reduced by 81.6% for the category classified MSW as compared with mixed collected pattern.
Biological Toxicity of Five Metal Ions on Marine Algea
Authors: Su Dan
Published: March 2013

Internationally validated methods (ISO standards) for the determination of toxic effects were used in this study to evaluate the toxicity of metals [i.e. Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd] to a kind of marine algae, namely Chlorella autotrophica. In the test, the no observable effect concentration (NOEC) and the effective concentration for 50% of test algae (EC50) were obtained after 96-h of incubation at 25±1°C, by comparing the growth of the Chlorella autotrophica in the test samples and in the control. Among the 5 metal ions, mercury (Hg) was found to be the most toxic metal in the test (EC50=1.04 mmol/L), while cadmium (Cd) was the least toxic (EC50=151.37 mmol/L). The results from the Chi-square test of each dose-response equations showed that 96h-EC50s calculated were all precise and credible. According to both NOEC and 96h-EC50, the toxic sequence of these metals from high to low on the inhibition of Chlorella autotrophica’s growth was Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+.
Influences of Different Aeration Patterns on the Composting of Green Waste and Rice Straw with Sewage Sludges
Authors: Wang Jia Jie , Sun Xiao Jie , Zhou Hong Tao , Zhang Jun
Published: March 2013

A series of experiments were carried out aiming at resource utilization of fresh green waste and sewage sludge. The green waste, rice straw and sewage sludge were chosen as raw materials and packing materials in composting experiments to study the variation characteristics of composting in different aeration patterns. It was found that the effect of intermittent aeration pattern during composting was better than continuous aeration pattern according to the results of detection of composting temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
Taxonomic Identification and Bioactivity Screening of the Symbiotic Bacteria Strains of Euphausia superba from Antarctic Ocean
Authors: Yang Qiao
Published: March 2013

The marine symbiotic bacteria strains were isolated from the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superb) samples captured in Antarctica Ocean. The taxonomic identification was then performed. The screening of the bioactivity against nitric oxide (NO) release for the crude extract after the strain fermentation and cell culture extraction were finally carried out. The taxonomic identification analysis showed the strain was very close to Salegentibacter salinus ISL with the similarity value of 94.5% based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing and homology analysis. According to the analysis, this strain was identified as a new strain and nominated as Salegentibacter sp. NJ-102. The bioactivity screening analysis of the culture extract demonstrated the crude extract showed significant inhibitory bioactivity against NO release and the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ECV-304 cells.
Engineering Properties and Landfill of Stabilized Sludge
Authors: Cao Yong Hua , Yin Chang Quan
Published: March 2013

The present environmental regulations in China require sludge to be disposed of in a safe and environmentally sound manner. This paper presented an investigation on methods to stabilize wastewater sludge and stability evaluation of stabilized sludge landfill. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of solidifying and stabilizing sludge using fly ash, lime, and clay at varied mixing ratios. Geotechnical properties of stabilized sludge were studied. The test results revealed that the strength of stabilized sludge increased with curing time and the decrease of moisture content. Significant increases in strength were achieved to math suitability for disposal in landfills and a stabilization method was selected based on cost and availability of material. The stability of landfill slope was studied and an optimum slope ratio balancing the safety and economy was presented.
Symbiotic Cooperative Game Analysis on Manufacturers in Recycling of Industrial Wastes
Authors: Li Jia Shu , Fan Hou Ming
Published: March 2013

Based on cooperative game theory, this paper analyzes, from the two aspects of maximizing benefits and risk control, the interactions of symbiotic industrial enterprises during the process of developing circular economy, before proposing the effective measures to reduce cooperation risks, thus providing industrial enterprises and government with some theoretical guidance and basis for actions for recycling of industrial zone wastes.
Recovery of Y and Eu from Waste Phosphors of CRT TVs and the Preparation of Yttrium Europium Oxide
Authors: Pan Xiao Yong , Peng Ling , Chen Wei Hua , Wang Jie , Chen Zheng
Published: March 2013

Yttrium (Y) and Europium (Eu) were recovered from waste phosphors of TV screens via several processes, including roasting waste phosphors with ammonia chloride, dissolving yttrium chloride and europium chloride with water from roasted waste phosphors, purification with sodium sulfide, precipitating in the presence oxalic acid and calcining at high temperature. The optimal conditions for roasting was investigated, and it was found that when 1 g sample reacts with 8 g ammonia chloride, the recovery rate of Y and Eu can be 92.12% and 90.38% after 30min reaction at 90°C, respectively. Moreover, the optimal pH value for recovering Y and Eu was also investigated. It was found that at pH=1, the stoichiometric ratio of B/A (A: S2-, B: Zn2+, etc) is 1:1, the stoichiometric ratio of B/A (A: Y3+, B: C2O42-, etc) is 2:1, the content of Y and Eu can be reached 98.10% and 96.30%, respectively. And yttrium europium oxide was finally synthesized, which produce the red light when the excitation wavelength was 242 nm.
Computer Supported Collaborative Design Based Hydraulic Structures 3D Designing
Authors: Wang Zong Min , Qiu Hai Bo , Yang Bao Jun , Zhao Hong Ling
Published: March 2013

As the rapid growth of three-dimensional (3D) designing approaches to hydraulic structures designing in the last few years, computer supported collaborative design (CSCD) methods and systems are becoming more and more important and essential to the field of hydraulic engineering. This paper introduces the basic concepts of 3D design and CSCD, gives the necessity of 3D and CSCD methods in hydraulic structure designing, conducts a survey of the development stages of hydraulic structure designing and finally proposes a potential way to improve the design process and productivities in the hydraulic structure 3D designing.
Treatment of Mid-Stage Pulping Effluent Using the Combined Process of Microelectrolysis and Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation
Authors: Lan Shan Hong , Wu Xiu Wen , Wang Yue Ting
Published: March 2013

Mid-stage Pulping Wastewater was pretreated in a combined system of microelectrolysis and Fenton oxidation-coagulation . When the aeration was 6L/min, the ratio of iron-carbon mass was 4/1, the addition of iron was 1500mg/L, pH was 4, and reaction time was 30min, the removal rates of COD and chrominance reached 65% and 60% respectively and the concentration of generated Fe2+ reached 157mg/L. Fe2+ generated by micro-electrolysis process was used for the following Fenton oxidation. When the conditions was without additional Fe2+, the addition of H2O2 (concentration is 30%) was 3mL/L, pH was 4, and the reaction time was 15min, the removal rates of COD and chrominance both reached over 80% and the concentration of generated Fe2+ reached 217mg/L. Fe3+ generated by Fenton oxidation was used for following studies of flocculation. The treatment efficiency of three kinds of flocculants PAM, PAC and silicate was compared. The results showed that the effect of PAM was best, the treatment efficiency reached the best when its additon was 0.15mL/L as pH was 7. the removal efficiency of COD reached 41% and the chrominance removal efficiency reached 75%, the final effluent chrominance was 4 and the COD concentration was 45mg/L which was lower than 60mg/L, that met with the first order of effluent standard.
Chemical Constituents from Marine Streptomycete sp. S11
Authors: Jiang Kun , Yang Sheng Xiang
Published: March 2013

Six compounds were obtained from fermentation broth extract of the marine Streptomycete sp.S11.Their structures were identified to be indole-3-carboxylic acid(1),Ethanone(2),Indole-3-lactic acid(3), p-hydroxybenzonic acid(4),anthranilic acid(5) and Arbutin(6) by spectral methods. The brine shrimp bioassay showed the mortality rates of Arbutin to brine shrimp are 75.8% at a concentration of 10μg/mL, indicating Arbutin possessed significant toxicity on brine shrimp．
Study of Optical Fiber Fluid Flow Monitoring System Using Pipe Vibration Frequency Characteristic
Authors: Shang Ying , Liu Xiao Hui , Wang Chang , Li Gan , Zhang Guo Yu , Zhao Wen An , Lv Jing Sheng , Wang Ying Ying
Published: March 2013

In the oil field development and production, fluid flow is an extremely important parameter which determines the transmission characteristics of the oil production, real-time monitoring of fluid flow parameter provides a scientific basis for oil and gas optimization exploration and increase of reservoir recovery. A method for interrogating fiber optic sensors using flow-induced pipe vibration is proposed, then the fixed relationship between standard deviation of pipe wall’s vibration induced by fully developed turbulence and mean flow rate is determined, by the abundant experimental data analysis,The vibration frequency characteristic of the pipe’s vibration signals is found in the experimental system.and fluid flow is measured non-intrusively, the study is conducted on vibration induced by turbulent flow when fluid flow through pipe.
Effect of Biochar on Microorganisms Quantity and Soil Physicochemical Property in Rhizosphere of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Authors: Han Guang Ming , Meng Jun , Zhang Wei Ming , Chen Wen Fu
Published: March 2013

To investigate the effects of biochar on greenhouse soil, three biochar treatments, i.e. 0 t ha-1 (C0), 12.5 t ha-1 (C1) and 25 t ha-1 (C2), were applied to the rhizosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). And the microbial biomass C (MBC), the quantities of the bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, ammonifying bacteria, azotobacter and denitrifying bacteria, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), and mineral nutrient content were studied. The results indicated that MBC contents with C2 and C1 treatments were significantly (P＜0.01) higher than those with C0 treatment, and the quantities of bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, ammonifying bacteria, azotobacter, and denitrifying bacteria under C1 treatment were 1.06 fold, 2.18 fold, 1.17 fold, 1.47 fold, 2.94 fold and 0.38 fold of those with C0 treatment in rhizosphere of spinach, while those with C2 treatment were 1.25 fold, 2.08 fold, 1.24 fold, 1.41 fold, 4.92 fold and 1.76 fold of those with C0 treatment. The total phosphorus, total carbon, total sulphur, total potassium content, carbon/nitrogen, and Eh with C2 and C1 treatments were higher than in those with C0 treatment. Our results suggest that biochar can be used as ameliorant to improve quantity of microorganisms and physical and chemical properties of greenhouse soil.
Interpretation and Dynamic Analysis in Desertification – A Case Study of Kubuqi Desert
Authors: Cui Yan
Published: March 2013

Nowadays, desertification is a common major environmental problem confronted by human society. Analysis in dynamic change of desertification is one of the tasks to control it, and the interpretation of desertification data is the base to analyze the dynamic change. Based on the analysis of collected data of geology, geomorphology, soil, climate, hydrology, and vegetation, the author indicates that different periods of desertification degree distribution maps can be obtained by selecting multi temporal TM images of the study area in recent years, which are interpreted by the tool of RS & GIS. Then, Kubuqi desert is researched as a sample and desertification dynamic change is discussed in terms of desertification area changes, spatial changes of desertification levels. The main ideas can be deduced as follows: 1. The results indicate that frequent human activities will speed up the degradation and deterioration of ecosystem in Kubuqi desert where environmental capacity is small. 2. In addition to general engineering and biological measures, tourism development should be taken into consideration to eliminate the root causes of irrational human activities and keep dynamic balance of ecological systems and human environment.
The Measures and Benefit Analysis of Qinhuangdao City Create a National Environmental Protection Model City
Authors: Zhang Xin Sheng , Jing Chang Yong , Ling Shao Hua
Published: March 2013

Qinhuangdao City, introduced a National Environmental Protection Model City of the planning area and planning objectives, and focuses on the goal to complete the record mode the main measures taken, including "the implementation of 'Tourism Li City' development strategies to accelerate industrial restructuring and development patterns; optimizing energy structure, depth and energy saving; strengthen pollution reduction, improving environmental quality, "and other aspects. Finally, the analysis of Qinhuangdao City, after completion of the National Environmental Protection Model City, will be in the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the comprehensive benefit.
Field Level Assessment of Soil Organic Matter and Nutritional Dynamics under Vegetated and Non Vegetated Ecosystems in Hotan River Basin, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Rahmutulla Zaynulla , Yakubov Murat A. , Lei Jia Qiang , Kenjaboyev Shovkat
Published: March 2013

Carbon dioxide is major cause of the greenhouse effect which is believed to be warming the Earth’s climate, the balance between accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and its loss through microbial respiration has global implications. In our study we have investigated dynamics of SOM during 2003-2011. Field investigations were conducted at two fields: fallow land and land cultivated by Tamarix. The following soil chemical properties also were evaluated: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total and available NPK. The results revealed that amount of nutrients in soils are varied within two fields.
Fire Resistance of Four Coniferous Woody Species in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Zheng Huai Bing , Peng Xu Jian , Zhang Min Xia , Ju Lin
Published: March 2013

On condition that the heat release rate is 50kW•m-2, the volume of a gas velocity is 24 L•s-1, the combustibility of Pinus koraiensis、Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica、Picea koraiensis、Larix gmelinii in Heilongjiang Province were determined systematically through the use of the controlled atmosphere tapered calorimeter. Through the comparative analysis of the heat release rate and the smoke production rate and some orther burning parameters of the barks and the withered leaves, combine the moisture content of barks and withered leaves of each species, evaluate the fire resistance of this four coniferous species. The results shown: the heat release rate, HRR; total heat release, THR; specific extinction area and smoke produce rate are higher in the barks and withered leaves of Picea koraiensis but the fire performance index is low, these instructions that the fireproof performance is worse in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica; each Picea koraiensis burning indexs of the Larix gmelinii is lower or the lowest, both the smoke production rate, SPR and the heat release rate, HRR are slow, the fire performance index is high. However, its absolute moisture content and relative moisture content is the highest, it’s flammble.So,we conclude its fire-resistance performance is higher, we could choose it as the fire-preventing priority screening tree species; the flammability of Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica between the above two species. the combustion characteristics of trees is the result of multiple factor joint, The difference between the different research results is resulted in the choice of the indexs, so it’s urgent need to establish a comprehensive and integrated evaluation index system.
The Strategy Analysis on Urban Regeneration in Downtown of Metropolis during China’s Transitional Period
Authors: Sun Xiao Fei , Zuo Chang An , Liu Ming , Liu Xia , He Yue Wu
Published: March 2013

Nowadays, downtown areas are facing more problems such as limited space, high land price and large population. And for a lack of guidance, many constructions in downtown are random and profit-driven. Based on the concept and characteristics of urban regeneration, this article analyzes the problems of urban development and explores the mode of comprehensive, progressive and incremental mode of urban regeneration. Through this new mode, a sustainable development and a win-win situation will be achieved.
Threshold Research of Human Settlement Construction's Sustainability – Based on Emergy Method
Authors: Tan Shao Hua , Ma Jie , Zheng Sheng Feng
Published: March 2013

This paper starts from the prospective of emergy utilization to establish evaluating methods on sustainability of human settlement construction system. Relying on measurement of relations between emergy consumption and emergy productivity, it establishes an accurate threshold in judging if human settlement construction system is in a sustainable fashion or not. It also exerts a practical research on human settlement construction system of Chongqing city to determine its sustainability.
Data Repeatability of Remote Sensing Mineralized Alteration Mapping: A Case Study from Duolong Porphyry Copper Deposit, Tibet, China
Authors: Zhang Ting Bin , Huang Ding Fa , Yi Gui Hua , Bie Xiao Juan , Guo Na , Wu Hua
Published: March 2013

As an important part of spatial data, remote sensing data also has the characteristic of uncertainty existing in data acquisition, data pre-processing, information extraction, information classification and information evaluation. To these characteristics, concepts of remote sensing mineralized alterations repeatability was put forward. Using Duolong porphyry copper deposit, Tibet as an example, data repeatability was discussed. Results show that the same sensor of remote sensing mineralized alterations were similar under circumstance of time phase which does not vary much, but the results will be partially different when the anomaly classes meets together.
Laboratory Research on Reservoir Adaption of Water Fracturing
Authors: Li Shi Bin , Kang Zhi Chao , Zhang Li Gang
Published: March 2013

Water fracturing is vast applied in low permeability oil-gas filed, and gains extremely economic benefit. But not all low permeability reservoirs are suitable for water fracturing. This paper analyzed the fracture deformation characteristics and closed form in complex stress state, the fracture surface roughness and shear-slip caused the fracture surface couldn’t be completely meshed, there was residual space. Based on the characteristics, the self-support fracture combination and conductivity test method were established. The non-dimensional conductivity as the evaluation index, the water fracturing reservoir screening method was established.
Efficiency Evaluation and Optimization of Green Mining for Coal Enterprises Based on DEA
Authors: Yu Guang , Huang Qi , Zhao Xue Jun , Wang Wen Sheng
Published: March 2013

The principle of green mining is conservation resources, protection environment, people oriented and safety production. According own characteristics of coal industry, this paper built the input and output indicators of green mining, chose eight different coal enterprises in China as decision making units. The date envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied to evaluate and optimize the operating efficiency of coal enterprises from technical efficiency, pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency. At the same time, with an inefficiency enterprise as example, projection analysis was used to give some suggestions to optimization.
Influence of Physical Sensitizing Agent on Compression Resistance of Deep Water of Emulsion Explosives
Authors: Liu Lei , Yang Yi , Zhang Cheng Liang , Wang Guo Hua
Published: March 2013

A study of emulsion explosive of deep-water pressure performance can provide theoretical basis for underwater blasting, deep hole blasting and the design of emulsion explosive. The sensitizer is the heavier components of emulsion explosive, using reusable experimental device to simulate the environment of deep water charge, perlite and glass microspheres in two kinds of commonly used physical sensitizing agent content on properties of emulsion explosives with deep water pressure effect. The experimental results show that : with the increasing of the content of physical sensitizing agent, emulsion explosive of deep-water pressure performance also gradually improve, when the pressure is larger, the effect is particularly pronounced; in a certain range, with the increase of the content of physical sensitizing agent, emulsified explosive performance also gradually improve, but reaches a certain value, the explosion properties but declined; in emulsion matrix under the same conditions, the perlite content of 5%, glass microspheres content is 2%, the emulsion explosive has good resistance to water pressure and explosion properties.
Influences of Mining Depths of Coal Faces in Duanwang Coal Mine on the Gas Emission Law
Authors: Zhai Xin Xian , Zhai Yan Wei , Zhang Shi Wei
Published: March 2013

Duanwang Coal Mine in Shanxi province, China, is located at north of Qinshui coalfield which gently inclined and thick seams have been mined. Authorized production capacity of the coal mine is 1.8Mt/a. With the increase of mining depth, the mine gas emission quantity increased. The mine became high gassy one from low gassy mine. Using field measurement and theoretical analysis methods, the following conclusion can be drawn. Gas emission quantity of coal face is directly correlated with mining depth. With the increase of mining depth, both absolute and relative gas emission quantities at coal face increased. The gradient of gas emission quantity was 0.0438-0.1338m3/t/m, the average value was 0.1062m3/t/m. These results would provide a foundation for prediction of the gas emission quantity and selection of gas control measures.
Study on Surface Subsidence Law Induced by Deep Mining of Large Steep Metal Deposit
Authors: Guo Yan Hui , Hou Ke Peng
Published: March 2013

To solve this difficult technological problem that predicts the surface subsidence that induced by deep mining of large steep deposit. Through understanding engineering geological characteristics and mining conditions for a certain mining area, the three-dimensional simulation model of deep mining with a high degree similarity in space and mechanics morphology have been established, and the exploitation of the mining area has been systematically simulated. After excavation of the third stage, the calculated values of surface subsidence coincided with the measured values of GPS. Then it has been more accurately predicted surface subsidence and displacement angle and the range of surface deformation which were induced by deep mining in fourth stage project. It provides the basis for the positioning of underground engineering and design of the range of ground movement in deep mining.
The Risk Evaluation Model of Mining Project Investment Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Method
Authors: Wang Zuo Gong , Zheng Jie , Li Hui Yang
Published: March 2013

Mining project investment has a lot of features, such as long period, slow effect, big capital size, irreversible investment, the numerous and complicated risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the investment risk before accepting project. On the basis of analyzing the mining project risk factors, establishing the risk evaluation index system, establishing the risk assessment model based on fuzzy comprehensive method, then evaluating the investment risk of mining project quantitatively, which provides the decision-making basis, makes the investment more scientific and safer and reduces the risk of investment.
Analysis of Surrounding Rock Deformation Based on M-C Model and Cvisc Model
Authors: Li You Xiang
Published: March 2013

According to the analysis of the surrounding rock deformation of the buried sandy slate, which is 1500-2000m depth of Diversion Tunnel Jinping-II Hydropower Station, the essay uses FLAC software application to analyze the deformation characteristics and plastic zones of the sandy slate, study comparatively the influence of Mohr-Coulomb model and Cvisc model to the surrounding rock, and then draw some conclusions, including that calculations derived by using Cvisc model is more in line with the actual engineering.
Dislocation Method Study on Rock Damage Induced by Underground Mines Blasting
Authors: Tang Chun Hai , Cheng Gui Hai , Chen Yue
Published: March 2013

To develop an appropriate rock damage criterion, a proper description of structure of the rock mass, indicating potential key rock blocks, its mechanical properties as well as the type and characteristics of the explosive used and the blasting mechanism, drill hole pattern, use of delayed detonation and sequence of blasting are required. In this paper the intended damage criterion has to be based on the mechanical response of the rock to cyclic loading which is related to the size of the blast and type of explosive used.
Quantification and Recovery of Anthocyanins from Litchi Pericarps
Authors: Liu Xue Ming , Zhang Ming Wei , Chen Zhi Yi , Shi Ying , Zou Yu Xiao
Published: March 2013

Total pigment and main monomeric anthocyanin contents in different cultivars of litchi (Litchi chinensis) were measured, HPLC fingerprints and similarity of litchi anthocyanins were analyzed, and a recovery process of litchi anthocyanins was developed. In 16 cultivars of litchi, the total anthocyanin content (absorbance at 510 nm) per gram pericarp was 0.490-3.045 in 2007 and 0.475-3.122 in 2008. The content of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), the most abundant monomeric anthocyanin in litchi pericarp, ranged from 724.6 (cv Yuhebao) to 7706.9 (cv Zhuangyuanhong) mg/kg, while the cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) content ranged from 1.3 (cv Guiwei) to 14.7 (cv Zhuangyuanhong) mg/kg. The anthocyanin profiles of the 16 cultivars were similar and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.970, except for cv Gualv and cv Yuhebao. The recovery procedures for anthocyanins were as follows: 0.2-0.5% (v/v) of HCl as the extraction solvent, added to cover the surface of fresh pericarps, overnight extraction at ambient temperatures, and extracted twice, and purification by X-5 macroporous resin. The resulting litchi pigment contained 421.6 mg/g of C3R and 0.168 mg/g of C3G, which could be used as functional food ingredients.
Study on Process Concentrating of a Certain Low Grade Hematite Ore in Hebei
Authors: Yuan Su Juan , Shen Zhi Yong , Zhang Da Yong
Published: March 2013

It was determined through a large amount of beneficiation test to adopt stage grinding-low intensity magnetic separation-high intensity magnetic separation-reverse flotation as the principle beneficiation flowsheet for a certain hematite in Hebei. The test results indicate that we can get iron concentrate with a grade of iron 65.19% and a recovery of iron 63.17% respectively at iron concentrate 21.90%, the primary grinding of 67.54%-200 mesh and secondary grinding of 97.70%-200 mesh.
Model Test Study of Underground Co-Gasification of Coal and Oil Shale
Authors: Zhao Li Mei , Liang Jie , Qian Lu Xin
Published: March 2013

For testing the feasibility of in-situ exploring oil shale by underground coal gasification. Based on the specification analysis of coal and oil shale, through simulating the occurrence state and characteristics of coal and oil shale, the underground Co-gasification model test was carried-out. In different gasification conditions (φ(O2) are 30%、35%、40%、45%、50% and oxygen/steam) ,The temperature-field extend rules of coal and oil shale、the separate-out rules of oil shale production and influence of oil shale on the quality of gas were studied. The results show that: when φ(O2) is 40-45%, temperature-rising rate is 7°C/min、extend rate of gasification face is 0.036m/h, the extend of temperature field is continuous and stable, the temperature change of oil shale and coal are synchronously , the high temperature of oil shale can up to 1000 °C above, that can satisfied the requirement of oil-gas collecting; and the same time , The heat-value of syngas improved 26.37%; The technological parameter was obtained in this test.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Dissolving in Formation Water on the Mechanism of Oil Displacement
Authors: Tang Yong , Wang Yong , Wang Chang Quan , Bian Xiao Qiang
Published: March 2013

In order to study the effect of CO2 dissolving in formation water on the process of CO2 injection, a thermodynamic model of CO2-hydrocarbon-formation water has been used to study the dissolving law of CO2 in formation water and oil-gas-water phase behavior considering the CO2 dissolution in formation water. Based on compositional model considering the dissolution of CO2 in formation water, a dimensional model for long core CO2 displacement is presented to simulate the oil displacement efficiency, gas/oil ratio, oil or gas saturation profile, the solubility of CO2 in in-place oil or formation water with grid distance in the process of long core displacement of CO2 injection. The results show that the solubility of CO2 in formation water increases with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature, and that the solubility of CO2 in formation water is usually about 5.5 wt% at the condition of reservoir pressure and temperature. In addition, oil saturation and gas phase saturation with the consideration of CO2 dissolving in formation water lag behind those without consideration of CO2 dissolution, which results in later breakthrough time for CO2 injection. Moreover, residual oil saturation with considering CO2 dissolving in formation water is higher than that without considering CO2 dissolution at the condition of the same hydrocarbon pore volume for CO2 injection, and the ultimate recovery for the former is lower than that for the latter when pouring into 0.3 hydrocarbon pore volume of CO2.
Research on Valuation Methods and Cost Control Measures of Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Gas Horizontal Wells
Authors: Liu Hai , Si Guang , Huang Wei He
Published: March 2013

Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells has been more widely adopted for shale gas development. Fracturing cost control is the key point to guarantee shale gas development benefit. Currently, valuation standard of fracturing in shale gas large horizontal well has not been introduced in China. Based on conventional gas fracturing standard, which cost is determined by scale increasing, fracturing cost in shale gas is fairly high and is inconformity with the practical situation. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the horizontal wells fracturing and differences of 8 technical and economic parameters of the fracturing engineering in conventional gas. The advantages and disadvantages and the application scope of three models, bill of quantities, quota valuation and total charge, are compared. And these models have been commonly used in fracturing engineering valuation at home and abroad. Valuation methods of combining on bill of quantities and quota valuation are put forward which are suitable for the present stage of shale gas development. The key valuation parameters of fracturing in shale gas horizontal wells are studied. Four control measures about the technical research, the standard establishment, the design optimization and the market competition are discussed. The research has a positive significance to speed up the shale gas resources development and improve the investment efficiency.
Corrosion of Steel Tank for Treatment of Oil-Water Transition Layer with ClO2-Oxidation Process
Authors: Yuan Dan Dan , Sheng Hai Xia , Wang Bao Hui , Wu Hong Jun , Sui Xin , Dong Jing , Feng Guang Qing
Published: March 2013

The separation of oil/water transition layer in settling tank becomes deterioration during the late oil production. For improving the dehydration of oil - water layer in settling tank, the oxidation technique by chlorine dioxide was adopted for the demulsification. Chlorine dioxide typically is strong oxidizing reagent. The touched materials would be corroded by the chemical. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the corrosion of chlorine dioxide for the steel in the settling tank. In this paper, the research was made to the determination of corrosion rate and corrosion morphology of steel equipped for oil/water transition layer treated with Chlorine dioxide oxidation. The experiments showed that, in the oil/water transition layer after treatment, water phase has the highest corrosion rate of up to 0.151 mm/a and lower than the company-formulated standard of 1.0 mm/a, which falls into the permission range (0.1-1.0 mm/a) of the corrosion standard Class 3. From steel-hanging corrosion morphology, it can be seen that the steel corrosion is weaker before the treatment while becoming stronger with the addition of ClO2 system and acidic solution. The reaction and mechanism were also explained on the corrosion chemistry of oil/water transition layer treated by oxidation process. With the experimental data, the oxidation and corrosion performance of chlorine dioxide can be controlled effectively to play an important role for stable production of oilfield.
Geological Characteristics of Coalbed Methane Reservoir in Southern Shizhuang Block, Southeastern Qinshui Basin
Authors: Xing Li Ren , Yao Yan Bin , Liu Da Meng , Liu Jun Gang , Zhou Lu Lu , Li Huan Pu
Published: March 2013

Southern Shizhuang Block has simple structure characteristics, relatively thick coal seams (3.1-10.5 m, 6 m in average), and favorable burial depth (450-900 m). The gas content of the No.3 coal seam in the Shanxi formation ranges from 6-20 m3/t, and it increases from the southeast to northwest area in the southern Shizhuang Block. Gas content is high in the structural low in the area, which means the gas accumulation is controlled by the geological characteristics of local structure and hydrogeologic conditions.
Numerical Simulation of Cyclic Gas Injection in Condensate Gas Reservoir with Aquifer by Horizontal Vertical Composed Well Pattern
Authors: Yue Ping , Chen Xiao Fan , Li Fu , Zhuang Xiao Ju
Published: March 2013

Pressure maintenance such as gas cycling which re-injection of produced lean gas into the reservoir are common practices and effective measures to improve the development performance of gas condensate reservoir. However, effectively control of gas channeling and control water cut of horizontal well in gas reservoir with aquifer both the keys to improve the development effectiveness. There are many factors that respond for gas channeling and water cresting, single factor experiment is difficult to obtain reliable result. Orthogonal experimental design, also called Taguchi experimental design, is widely used in various fields of scientific research. This paper applied Taguchi experimental design, an L9 orthogonal was used to the X gas reservoir numerical simulation to carry out sensitivity analysis among four factors which are the well pattern, gas cycle time, gas offtake, recirculating ratio.
Application of Monte Carlo to Improve the Accuracy of Identifying Fracture by Conventional Logs
Authors: Luo Hou Yi , Tang Yong Mei
Published: March 2013

Because of the limitation of logging instrument and tools resolution and response characteristics, the accuracy of identifying fracture is relatively low. This gives severe impact on accurate interpretation and evaluation of reservoir. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulation is applied to take its advantage on solving uncertain and stochastic problem to improve the accuracy of conventional logs identifying fracture of Carbonate reservoir in Middle East. According to the contrast result with core and image logging and well test data, this method is proved to be effective. It has an important significance for fracture identification in the situation of lack of image logging data but only conventional logs.
Reaction Mechanism for CCl2F2 Catalytic Decomposition over MoO3/ZrO2
Authors: Liu Tian Cheng , Guo Yu Jiao , Ning Ping , Yuan Ming Long
Published: March 2013

Catalytic hydrolysis decomposition of dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) in the presence of water vapor and oxygen was studied over a series of solid acids using a fixed-bed reactor. Solid acid MoO3/ZrO2 displayed the highest activity, over which the conversion of CCl2F2 reached 100 % at 250 °C. CO2 was the main-product and the selectivity to CClF3 remained lower than 28.0 %. CO was not detected as by-product. The decomposition activity depended on the calcination temperature and the ZrO2 content. The activity of solid acid MoO3/ZrO2 correlates well with its specific surface area and the amount of medium-strong acid sites on the surface. To explain the reaction mechanism for CCl2F2 catalytic decomposition over MoO3/ZrO2, a surface intermediate, Osurface-CF2-Osurface is proposed.
The System Dynamics Analyses of Bullwhip Effect in China Processed Oil Supply Chain
Authors: Zhang Ji Hai , Zhang Quan Quan
Published: March 2013

Bullwhip effect is a serious problem in supply chain management, it brings about production disorder, inventory imbalance, business process obstruction, waste of resources and market chaos. Our processed oil supply chain is so a large complicated system that bullwhip effect of it is more serious. To deal this problem, this paper discussed China processed oil supply chain, aim at maintaining processed oil supply, analysed the strength of bullwhip effect in the chain, proved delay is the basic reason of bullwhip effect and pointed out reducing delay is the key point to weaken bullwhip effect. We used system dynamics analysis and Anylogic simulation software to get the conclusion. Finally, we put forward some effective strategies to deal with bullwhip effect in China processed oil supply chain for improving the chain's operating efficiency.
Chemical Composition and Repellency of Cinnamomum japonicum Leaf-Derived Essential Oil against Aedes albopictus
Authors: Peng Ying Hui , Jiang Li Juan , Wang Li , Lu Yu Duo , Yu Kai , Liu Min
Published: March 2013

The repellent activitie of Cinnamomum japonicum oil against Aedes albopictus were investigated. The main volatile chemical components of the oil were qualitatively studied. The main results are given as follows. Cinnamomum japonicum oil providing absolute protection against Ae. albopictus in laboratory and field for 2.33 ± 0.63 h, 3.85 ± 0.21 h at concentration of 1.5 mg/cm2, respectively. A total of 28 compounds were identified. The main components of the essential oil were borneoll (28.30%), 1,8-cCineole (20.98%), (-)-bBornyl acetate (6.65%), linalool (5.94%), (-)-.alpha.-terpinol (5.87%), caryophyllene oxlde (5.11%). The results indicates that Cinnamomum japonicum oil has a great potential to be developed into a ecofriendly mosquito repellent.