bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) but good collaterals benefit from endovascular recanalization
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Kniep Helge , Schramm Peter , Hanning Uta , Flottmann Fabian , Faizy Tobias , Schönfeld Michael , Meyer Lukas , Schön Gerhard , Aulmann Linda , Machner Björn , Royl Georg , Fiehler Jens , Kemmling Andre
Published: November 2019

Background

Benefit of thrombectomy in patients with a low initial Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is still uncertain. We hypothesized that, despite low ASPECTS, patients may benefit from endovascular recanalization if good collaterals are present.

Methods

Ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an ASPECTS of ≤5 were analyzed. Collateral status (CS) was assessed using a 5-point-scoring system in CT angiography with poor CS defined as CS=0–1. Clinical outcome was determined using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score after 90 days. Edema formation was measured in admission and follow-up CT by net water uptake.

Results

27/100 (27%) patients exhibited a CS of 2–4. 50 patients underwent successful vessel recanalization and 50 patients had a persistent vessel occlusion. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, collateral status (OR 3.0; p=0.003) and vessel recanalization (OR 12.2; p=0.009) significantly increased the likelihood of a good outcome (mRS 0–3). A 1-point increase in CS was associated with 1.9% (95% CI 0.2% to 3.7%) lowered lesion water uptake in follow-up CT .

Conclusion

Endovascular recanalization in patients with ASPECTS of ≤5 but good collaterals was linked to improved clinical outcome and attenuated edema formation. Collateral status may serve as selection criterion for thrombectomy in low ASPECTS patients.
Intracranial venous sinus stenosis: hemodynamic assessment with two-dimensional parametric parenchymal blood flow software on digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Almadidy Zayed , Brunozzi Denise , Nelson Jessica , Baumgart John , Atwal Gursant , Alaraj Ali
Published: November 2019

Objective

Intracranial venous sinus stenosis (IVSS) is the most common finding associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A pressure gradient >8–10 mm Hg across the stenosis is considered hemodynamically significant, and typically responds to endovascular stent treatment. Here we assess the venous hemodynamics with two-dimensional (2D) parametric parenchymal blood flow software (Siemens-Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) and its ability to predict significant IVSS.

Methods

Patients with IVSS treated at our institution between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Measurements of contrast transit time on DSA were calculated with 2D parametric parenchymal blood flow software. Values were obtained proximally and distally to the stenotic region. Venous Stenosis Index (VSI) was defined as the ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) in the pre-stenotic vessel to the AUC in the post-stenotic vessel. VSI was compared between the stenotic and control groups at baseline, and before and after stent deployment in the stenotic group. The accuracy of VSI was assessed using the non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

11 patients with IVSS treated with venous stent deployment were included. Patients in the control group were similar in age, gender, and absence of major comorbidities. VSI in the IVSS group was significantly higher at baseline compared with the control group (1.42 vs 0.97, p=0.01). Area under the ROC was 0.82. After stent deployment, VSI decreased significantly compared with baseline (1.04 vs 1.42, p<0.01).

Conclusion

2D parametric parenchymal blood flow software is a useful tool which can accurately evaluate significant hemodynamic venous stenosis without intracranial catheterization, added radiation exposure, additional contrast injection, and periprocedural risks.
Pea pollen viability and seed set response at high night temperatures
Authors: Jiang Yunfei , Davis Arthur R. , Warkentin Thomas D. , Bueckert Rosalind A.
Published: November 2019

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.), a major pulse crop in western Canada, is sensitive to elevated temperature and possibly to high night temperature. Our objective was to examine if increasing night temperature while maintaining a constant daytime temperature affected pollen viability and seed set in two pea cultivars (CDC Golden and CDC Sage). Cultivars were exposed to 27/18, 27/22, 27/26 °C (day/night temperatures) for 7 d during flowering stage. Results indicated that increased night temperatures had no significant effect on pollen viability, the number of reproductive nodes and flowers, percentage of flower abortion, seed number per pod, and seed yield per plant.
Computing the Geometric Intersection Number of Curves
Authors: Despré Vincent , Lazarus Francis
Published: November 2019

The geometric intersection number of a curve on a surface is the minimal number of self-intersections of any homotopic curve, i.e., of any curve obtained by continuous deformation. Given a curve
c
represented by a closed walk of length at most ℓ on a combinatorial surface of complexity
n
, we describe simple algorithms to (1) compute the geometric intersection number of
c
in
O
(
n
+ ℓ
2
) time, (2) construct a curve homotopic to
c
that realizes this geometric intersection number in
O
(
n
+ℓ
4
) time, and (3) decide if the geometric intersection number of
c
is zero, i.e., if
c
is homotopic to a simple curve, in
O
(
n
+ℓ log ℓ) time. The algorithms for (2) and (3) are restricted to orientable surfaces, but the algorithm for (1) is also valid on non-orientable surfaces.

To our knowledge, no exact complexity analysis had yet appeared on those problems. An optimistic analysis of the complexity of the published algorithms for problems (1) and (3) gives at best a
O
(
n
+
g
2
ℓ
2
) time complexity on a genus
g
surface without boundary. No polynomial time algorithm was known for problem (2) for surfaces without boundary. Interestingly, our solution to problem (3) provides a quasi-linear algorithm to a problem raised by Poincaré more than a century ago. Finally, we note that our algorithm for problem (1) extends to computing the geometric intersection number of two curves of length at most ℓ in
O
(
n
+ ℓ
2
) time.
SC19 highlights
Authors: Taufer Michela
Published: November 2019

SC19 is just around the corner! We asked Michela Taufer, SC19 General Chair, to give us her notes on things-to-watch at this year's meeting. Here are a few highlights; head to the SC19 blog and monitor social media for additional tips!
Energy-aware scheduling of malleable fork-join tasks under a deadline constraint on heterogeneous multicores
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroki , Shimada Kana , Taniguchi Ittetsu , Tomiyama Hiroyuki
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes an energy-aware scheduling of malleable fork-join (MFJ) tasks on heterogeneous multicores. This work allows a task to be split into multiple sub-tasks for fork-join parallel execution. The number of the sub-tasks is determined simultaneously with scheduling. Our scheduling technique aims at the minimization of energy consumption under a deadline constraint. In addition, this paper proposes a technique for simultaneous scheduling and core-type optimization. The technique optimally decides types of cores (to be either "big" or "little") at the same time as MFJ task scheduling in order to further reduce energy consumption.
Using Developmental Science to Distinguish Adolescents and Adults Under the Law
Authors: Steinberg Laurence , Icenogle Grace
Published: November 2019

A developmental scientific perspective on drawing legal age boundaries begins with the premise that the age at which the rights and responsibilities of adulthood are conferred to minors must align with the psychological capacities and skills necessary to exercise good judgment in specific contexts. This article examines three aspects of development relevant to this analysis: cognitive capabilities, especially those that support reasoned and deliberative decision making; psychosocial capacities, especially those that facilitate self-regulation under conditions of social or emotional arousal; and neurobiological maturation in brain regions and systems that undergird these cognitive and psychosocial skills. We conclude that the maturation of the capacity to reason and deliberate systematically precedes, by as much as five years, the maturation of the ability to exercise self-regulation, especially in socially and emotionally arousing contexts. Legal age boundaries should distinguish between two very different decision-making contexts: those that allow for unhurried, logical reflection and those that do not.
Measuring the Cost of Bailouts
Authors: Lucas Deborah
Published: November 2019

This review develops a theoretical framework that highlights the principles governing economically meaningful estimates of the cost of bailouts. Drawing selectively on existing cost estimates and augmenting them with new calculations consistent with this framework, I conclude that the total direct cost of the 2008 crisis-related bailouts in the United States was on the order of $500 billion, or 3.5% of GDP in 2009. The largest direct beneficiaries of the bailouts were the unsecured creditors of financial institutions. The estimated cost stands in sharp contrast to popular accounts that claim there was no cost because the money was repaid, and with claims of costs in the trillions of dollars. The cost is large enough to suggest the importance of revisiting whether there might have been less expensive ways to intervene to stabilize markets. At the same time, it is small enough to call into question whether the benefits of ending bailouts permanently exceed the regulatory burden of policies aimed at achieving that goal.
Combined effects of Scutellaria baicalensis with metformin on glucose tolerance of patients with type 2 diabetes via gut microbiota modulation
Authors: Shin Na Rae , Gu Namyi , Choi Han Seok , Kim Hojun
Published: November 2019

Metformin is a widely prescribed antidiabetic agent, whereas Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) is a commonly used medicinal herb for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Gut microbiota is involved in pathophysiology of metabolic diseases including T2D, and intestinal microbiota may be one of the important therapeutic targets for the ailment. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SB combined with metformin on treatment of T2D while evaluating changes in the gut microbiota composition. Patients with T2D were randomized into control and treatment groups. Subjects who had already been prescribed metformin were allotted to additional SB (3.52 g/day) group or placebo group. The initial treatment session was 8 wk, and after washout period for 4 wk they were crossed over to the opposite treatment for another 8 wk. The influence of SB and placebo on the intestinal microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq system based on 16S rRNA gene. Glucose tolerance was lower in the SB group than the placebo group. Similarly, the relative RNA expression of TNF-α was significantly reduced after SB treatment. SB treatment influenced the gut microbiota, especially Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, which showed remarkable increases after SB treatment. Some subjects showed high liver enzyme levels after SB treatment, and their microbiota composition at baseline differed with subjects whose liver enzymes were not affected. We also predicted that selenocompound metabolism was increased and naphthalene degradation was decreased after SB treatment. These results suggest that SB with metformin treatment may improve the glucose tolerance and inflammation and influence the gut microbiota community in T2D.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury Caused by Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Single Institution in China
Authors: Fang Liang-jie , Chen Lu-yan , Sun Jun-hui , Zhou Jian-ying
Published: November 2019

Background. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a rare but life-threatening pulmonary complication of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to characterize the common risk factors, clinical features, imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes of acute lung injury caused by TACE. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on all TACE-associated ALI cases that were diagnosed at authors’ hospital from January 2015 to June 2018. Results. The study included 14 ALI cases where the mean age of patients was 60.9±11.7 years (range 41-82 years), with a mean onset time of 2.4±1.6 d after TACE. Of the 14 patients, 8 patients (57.1%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 7 patients (50%) had underlying chronic respiratory disease and hepatic arteriovenous fistula was detected in 6 patients (42.6%), both of which were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). Dyspnea (92.9%) was the most common symptoms. Pleural effusion (64.3%), diffuse pulmonary infiltration (42.9%), and accumulation of Lipiodol in lung field (42.9%) were frequent radiologic abnormalities. 11 patients (78.6%) achieved remission after treatment, and the 30-day mortality rate was approximately 21.4%. Patient’s median survival time after the development of ALI was merely 4.3 months, which was obviously worse than control group (4.3 months vs. 13.5 months, P<0.05). Conclusion. This study illustrates that TACE-associated ALI is a rare pulmonary complication with a high mortality rate. We infer that pulmonary Lipiodol embolization might be one of the main causes of TACE-associated ALI. Thus, HCC patients who are at high risk should be closely evaluated and monitored during TACE to avoid such potentially fatal complication.
Professional Reasoning in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Márquez-Álvarez Luis-Javier , Calvo-Arenillas José-Ignacio , Talavera-Valverde Miguel-Ángel , Moruno-Millares Pedro
Published: November 2019

Background/Aim. Professional reasoning in occupational therapy is the process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. The professional’s ability to manage the process of the intervention is structured around it, thereby influencing the effectiveness of the work carried out. The objectives of this research were to identify and describe (a) the historical development of this area of research from 1982 to 2017 and (b) the nature and volume of the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy and the evidence that exists today. Methods. A scoping review method was used to carry out an historical mapping of research on professional reasoning and to summarise the lines of research explored to date. The review was conducted in five stages following the PRISMA guidelines. After applying the selection criteria, the search identified 303 references. Results. The results are presented under three headings: (a) nature and volume of publications on professional reasoning in occupational therapy according to number and year of publications, journal, country, author, and line of research; (b) historical trends in the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy since 1982; and (c) methodological aspects of the research. Each of them is discussed through statistical analysis. Conclusions. The research about professional reasoning in occupational therapy is a field of empirical nature, in which qualitative studies predominate. Principal lines of research are focused on specific fields of practice, undergraduates, and theoretical aspects of professional reasoning. There were identified three historical phases with common features in terms of objectives and research methods.
Fabrication and Characterization of Submicron Scale Spherical RDX, HMX, and CL-20 without Soft Agglomeration
Authors: Jia Xinlei , Wei Lixin , Liu Xuewen , Li Chao , Geng Xiaoheng , Fu Mingming , Wang Jingyu , Hou Conghua , Xu Jing
Published: November 2019

In this study, a novel spray drying-assisted self-assembly (SDAS) technology was proposed to prepare submicron elemental explosives with good morphology, uniform dispersion, and low sensitivity and spherical submicron RDX, HMX, and CL-20 particles without soft agglomeration were fabricated via such a method. Structural characterizations and thermal stability of the composites were systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Moreover, safety performance was analyzed by qualitative testing of impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity. The XRD analysis demonstrated that HMX and CL-20 refined by SDAS maintained the crystal structure of β-HMX and ε-CL-20 before and after refinement, whereas the HMX crystal structure after spray recrystallization refinement was transformed from β-HMX to α-HMX. The DSC results indicated that the thermal decomposition peak temperature of the three particles refined by the SDAS technology had a minimum advancement, and the thermal stability of the particles was relatively superior. More importantly, the H50 of the RDX, HMX, and CL-20 refined by this novel method was increased to 48.3 cm, 44.6 cm, and 31.1 cm, and the probability of friction explosion was decreased to 62%, 62%, and 80%, respectively, thus significantly improving the safety performance as compared with the sample refined by spray recrystallization.
Metformin in Gynecologic Cancers: Opening a New Window for Prevention and Treatment?
Authors: Madariaga Ainhoa , Goodwin Pamela J. , Oza Amit M.
Published: November 2019

Metformin is an affordable and well-tolerated drug used in type 2 diabetes. Potential anticancer effects of metformin in gynecologic malignancies include inhibition of the PI3K-mTOR pathway, hormone receptor regulation, and reduction of fibrosis and inflammation. Multiple studies are currently assessing its role in cancer prevention and as a treatment enhancer.

See related articles by Soliman et al., p. 581, and McCloskey et al., p. 632
Resistance Mechanisms to SYK Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Cremer Anjali , Ellegast Jana M. , Alexe Gabriela , Frank Elizabeth S. , Ross Linda , Chu S. Haihua , Pikman Yana , Robichaud Amanda , Goodale Amy , Häupl Björn , Mohr Sebastian , Rao Arati V. , Walker Alison R. , Blachly James S. , Piccioni Federica , Armstrong Scott A. , Byrd John C. , Oellerich Thomas , Stegmaier Kimberly
Published: November 2019

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonmutated therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Attempts to exploit SYK therapeutically in AML have shown promising results in combination with chemotherapy, likely reflecting induced mechanisms of resistance to single-agent treatment in vivo. We conducted a genome-scale open reading frame (ORF) resistance screen and identified activation of the RAS–MAPK–ERK pathway as one major mechanism of resistance to SYK inhibitors. This finding was validated in AML cell lines with innate and acquired resistance to SYK inhibitors. Furthermore, patients with AML with select mutations activating these pathways displayed early resistance to SYK inhibition. To circumvent SYK inhibitor therapy resistance in AML, we demonstrate that a MEK and SYK inhibitor combination is synergistic in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide justification for use of ORF screening to identify resistance mechanisms to kinase inhibitor therapy in AML lacking distinct mutations and to direct novel combination-based strategies to abrogate these.

Significance:

The integration of functional genomic screening with the study of mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance in model systems and human patients identified resistance to SYK inhibitors through MAPK signaling in AML. The dual targeting of SYK and the MAPK pathway offers a combinatorial strategy to overcome this resistance.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161
Barilius torsai (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a new freshwater fish from the Brahmaputra drainage, India
Authors: Kumari Kavita , Munivenkatappa Manas Hoshalli , Sinha Archana , Borah Simanku , Das Basanta Kumar
Published: November 2019

Barilius torsai is described from the Torsa, a tributary of Brahmaputra River system in West Bengal, India. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the presence of a complete lateral line with 52–53 scales, 29 pre-dorsal scales, pectoral fin notched, two well-developed pairs of barbels (rostral and maxillary), length of rostral barbel slightly larger than maxillary, which reaches the orbit.  Tubercles on snout and lower jaw absent, 9–11 blue vertical bars along the body, dorsal fin hyaline with dark pigment concentrated along lower two-third of the dorsal-fin rays.
New recruitment of staghorn corals in the Gulf of Mannar – the emergence of a resilient coral reef
Authors: Sadhukhan Koushik , Chatragadda Ramesh , Shanmugaraj T. , Ramana Murthy M.V.
Published: November 2019

Coral Reefs in Gulf of Mannar is degrading with fatser rate due to several environmental stress over the past few decades. Under this severe degredation phase, our work has observed significant coral recruitment at Hare Island and Manoli & Manoliputti Island of Gulf of Mannar. Occurrenc of new recruitment of corals increseas the live coral cover percentage upto 58.4% and 51.5% in both Islands respectively. The findings reported here that increased percentage of coral cover brings a new hope for the researcher to find out the possible driving forces to the successful post larval settlement and survival of the new recruits which results in better conservation and management plan for the coral reefs of GoM Marine National Park.
Fixation-related Brain Potentials during Semantic Integration of Object–Scene Information
Authors: Coco Moreno I. , Nuthmann Antje , Dimigen Olaf
Published: November 2019

In vision science, a particularly controversial topic is whether and how quickly the semantic information about objects is available outside foveal vision. Here, we aimed at contributing to this debate by coregistering eye movements and EEG while participants viewed photographs of indoor scenes that contained a semantically consistent or inconsistent target object. Linear deconvolution modeling was used to analyze the ERPs evoked by scene onset as well as the fixation-related potentials (FRPs) elicited by the fixation on the target object (t) and by the preceding fixation (t − 1). Object–scene consistency did not influence the probability of immediate target fixation or the ERP evoked by scene onset, which suggests that object–scene semantics was not accessed immediately. However, during the subsequent scene exploration, inconsistent objects were prioritized over consistent objects in extrafoveal vision (i.e., looked at earlier) and were more effortful to process in foveal vision (i.e., looked at longer). In FRPs, we demonstrate a fixation-related N300/N400 effect, whereby inconsistent objects elicit a larger frontocentral negativity than consistent objects. In line with the behavioral findings, this effect was already seen in FRPs aligned to the pretarget fixation t − 1 and persisted throughout fixation t, indicating that the extraction of object semantics can already begin in extrafoveal vision. Taken together, the results emphasize the usefulness of combined EEG/eye movement recordings for understanding the mechanisms of object–scene integration during natural viewing.
Contextual Modulation of Emotional Distraction: Attentional Capture and Motivational Significance
Authors: Micucci Antonia , Ferrari Vera , De Cesarei Andrea , Codispoti Maurizio
Published: November 2019

Emotional stimuli engage corticolimbic circuits and capture attention even when they are task-irrelevant distractors. Whether top–down or contextual factors can modulate the filtering of emotional distractors is a matter of debate. Recent studies have indicated that behavioral interference by emotional distractors habituates rapidly when the same stimuli are repeated across trials. However, little is known as to whether we can attenuate the impact of novel (never repeated) emotional distractors when they occur frequently. In two experiments, we investigated the effects of distractor frequency on the processing of task-irrelevant novel pictures, as reflected in both behavioral interference and neural activity, while participants were engaged in an orientation discrimination task. Experiment 1 showed that, compared with a rare distractor condition (20%), frequent distractors (80%) reduced the interference of emotional stimuli. Moreover, Experiment 2 provided evidence that emotional interference was reduced by distractor frequency even when rare, and unexpected, emotional distractors appeared among frequent neutral distractors. On the other hand, in both experiments, the late positive potential amplitude was enhanced for emotional, compared with neutral, pictures, and this emotional modulation was not reduced when distractors were frequently presented. Altogether, these findings suggest that the high occurrence of task-irrelevant stimuli does not proactively prevent the processing of emotional distractors. Even when attention allocation to novel emotional stimuli is reduced, evaluative processes and the engagement of motivational systems are needed to support the monitoring of the environment for significant events.
Toxic Philanthropy
Authors: Joselit David
Published: November 2019

In this short polemical text, Joselit argues against naturalizing reliance on private philanthropy for public art institutions. He suggests a variety of ways such institutions can reinvigorate their public responsibility, including making cultural resources available to all citizens for free.
Alphabetic Memes: Caricature, Satire, and Political Literacy in the Age of Trump
Authors: Apter Emily
Published: November 2019

Memes are an increasingly omnipresent political technology in the age of Trump, weaponized by troll armies, while at the same time reviving oppositional genres of caricature and satire that are in turn conducive to new forms of political literacy. As a medium, the meme is a mechanism of transliteration, translating affects into icons that read out visually and orthographically, as alphabet, cipher, rebus, anagram, tag, GIF, secret message. In their antidepressant function, memes are salves for solitary souls. They are community-builders connecting solo agents to social networks and political causes. They engender an implicit trust among the users who co-produce and distribute them (modeling a sharing economy dubbed “platform cooperativism” by Trebor Scholz). And yet, because of their predication on impersonal intimacy, memes shift the ground of the political, from an ethics of direct responsibility to an ethics of limited liability and indirect consequence in moral action. This essay examines some key episodes in the political life of memes, examining works by Jenny Holzer, Mary Kelly, Lutz Bacher, Slavs and Tartars, Tony Cokes, and Silvia Kolbowski, as well as anonymous meme-makers.
Charisma and Catastrophe
Authors: Foster Hal
Published: November 2019

For obvious reasons a number of historians have looked back to Europe in the 1920s to see what lessons can be learned from the rise of fascism during that time. Some, such as Timothy Snyder, have drawn powerful lines of connection to the period, while others, like Enzo Traverso, have cautioned that the two situations are too dissimilar to be productively compared. At issue, fundamentally, is the old principle of historia magistra vitae (history as the teacher of life), which assumes, as Reinhart Koselleck has demonstrated, a basic constancy in human experience over time and across culture—an assumption that is dubious for many of us, to say the least. Already before the rise of fascism one hundred years ago there were intimations of “the fascist personality,” and even though characterological types are subject to the same objections as historical lessons (how can any such transcendental category be valid?), some of these speculations might still be instructive, if for no other reason than they can point to differences in the present. As Koselleck suggests, the recognition of incomparability is a historical lesson in its own right.
On Failing to Perform: Kunst und Revolution, Vienna 1968
Authors: Schopp Caroline Lillian
Published: November 2019

Nineteen sixty eight's Kunst und Revolution (Art and Revolution) has long been seen as an artistic and a political failure, marking the dissolution of the student left in Vienna and the premature end of so-called “Viennese Actionism.” This essay argues, however, that the failure of Kunst und Revolution was precisely the point: It exhibited a crisis of Austrian impotence that had long since been underway. Rather than considering the event to have been discredited for its ineffective political activism or misguided artistic “Actionism,” one is better off seeing it as an instance of what the author calls “in-action.” Through its failure to perform, Kunst und Revolution provoked the escalatory attentions of the police, the press, and the public. By attending to the mediatization of the event and the central role of the police, this essay argues that Kunst und Revolution, and in particular the performances of Günter Brus and Anna Brus, staged an institutional critique of Austria's most venerable national symbols: the university, the courts of justice, the tradition of the fine arts, and the Viennese family home.
A Conversation with Mary Ellen Carroll
Authors: Joselit David
Published: November 2019

A wide-ranging and definitive interview with conceptual artist Mary Ellen Carroll, who is best known for works that transpose land art to urban contexts and to questions of public policy such as zoning and access to free Internet service. Carroll describes her practice in terms of “making architecture perform,” which she does through direct interventions in city streets, such as her rotation of a suburban house in prototype 180 (1999–ongoing) so that it's back façade was turned to the street, while it's front faced a public park at the back of the lot, or in Public Utility 2.0 (2015), which sought to provide broadband wireless through unused radio frequencies, otherwise known as Super Wi-Fi, to underserved communities, largely of color, in New Orleans. Carroll is a leading voice at the intersection of urban theory, public policy, and media art, and in this interview, she articulates the several complex layers of her most significant projects to date.
Jesus and Metal Music Don’t Mix? The Controversy over the ‘Metal Mass’ in Finland
Authors: Saurama Anna , Hjelm Titus
Published: November 2019

In 2006, a Metal Mass—a regular Lutheran mass with accompanying metal music—was celebrated in Helsinki and created a controversy on several online forums. On the one hand, the focus was the appropriateness of metal music in the context of a Christian mass. On the other hand, the issue at stake was the appropriateness of Christianity in the context of metal music and culture. In this article, we concentrate on how the controversy over the boundaries of ‘good’ religion is constructed in discourse about the appropriateness of metal music in the context of a national church and its services. We argue that the controversy over the Metal Mass is a case of broader negotiation between the function and performance of religious actors in contemporary Finland, yet when it happens within a secularized context, the temporarily full pews turn out to be an anomaly rather than a sign of revival.
Rethinking the Concept of Historic Rights in International Law
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: November 2019

Historic rights have been acknowledged by international legislation including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, although many issues concerning the concept still remain uncertain. This article will mainly discuss the legal connotation and juridical functions of the concept of ‘historic rights’ for maritime entitlements and maritime boundary delimitation, and attempt to clarify some legal ambiguity and explain the function of the legal regime through analysis of legal documents and identification of typical difficulties in the application of the concept of ‘historic rights’.
Historic Rights in African State Practice
Authors: Egede Edwin
Published: November 2019

Historic rights in the law of the sea has been given prominence since the publication by China of the so-called nine-dash line map. Certain States have challenged this claim as inconsistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to which China is a State Party. On the other hand, it has been argued that although historic rights claims are not comprehensively regulated by the UNCLOS they are actually governed by the principles of general international law. Consequently, this would require establishing if there is a general and consistent practice of States followed by them from a sense of legal obligation which establish historic rights claims are consistent with Customary International Law. This article explores the State Practice of African States in order to determine whether these States acknowledge and recognize historic rights claims as consistent with contemporary law of the sea.
Variability of Echiniscus tristis Gąsiorek & Kristensen, 2018—is morphology sufficient for taxonomic differentiation of Echiniscidae?
Authors: BARTYLAK TOMASZ , KULPA ADAM , GROBYS DARIA , KEPEL MARTA , KEPEL ANDRZEJ , KMITA HANNA , GAWLAK MAGDALENA , GRABIŃSKI WOJCIECH , ROSZKOWSKA MILENA , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ
Published: November 2019

The majority of species in the genus Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) have been described based on differences in the chaetotaxy or dorsal sculpture. Dorsal sculpture is, in general, considered to be species-specific and not very variable; however, many problems have arisen due to various interpretations of microscope images, which has led to taxonomic confusion in the genus Echiniscus. Conversely, chaetotaxy is generally much easier to interpret, even using low-quality microscope optics. In this study, we emended the description of Madagascan population of Echiniscus tristis Gąsiorek & Kristensen, 2018 that exhibits several different types of chaetotaxy and dorsal sculpture. The analysed specimens were characterised by two types of chaetotaxy, A-C-Dd-E and A-Dd-E, but we also found a wide range of variation in appendage number, shape and length. The observed differences are partly correlated with life stages. Additionally, we analysed DNA sequences of 28S rRNA, ITS-2 and COI of the two main morphotypes, and did not find significant genetic differentiation of the two morphotypes. This highlights the importance of analysing the morphology of both immature stages and adults, as well as of DNA markers in tardigrade species identification.
Contributions to the knowledge of the genus Tonkinaphaenops Deuve, 2013 from China and Vietnam (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
Authors: HUANG SUNBIN , TÚ VÝÕNG TÂN , VĂN PHÚ PHẠM , TIAN MINGYI , FAILLE ARNAUD
Published: November 2019

Cavernicolous trechine beetles of the genus Tonkinaphaenops Deuve, 2013, known so far only from Vietnam, are reported for the first time from southern China, and new data are also provided regarding this genus from northern Vietnam. Two new Chinese species, T. yinquanicus sp. nov. from cave Yinquan Dong and T. jingxicus sp. nov. from cave Nianluo Dong in Jingxi County, southwesternmost Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated, together with the descriptions of two new Vietnamese species: T. anthonyi sp. nov. from the cave Hang Dõi and T. impunctatus sp. nov. from the cave Hang Rắn in Cao Bằng province. A key to all known species of Tonkinaphaenops is also provided.
A study on the genus Anthaxia (Merocratus) Bílý 1989 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini)
Authors: BÍLÝ SVATOPLUK , PLACHETKA MIKULÁŠ
Published: November 2019

Description of four new species: Anthaxia (Merocratus) angustata Bílý, sp. nov. (Vietnam), A. (M.) priska Bílý, sp. nov. (Indonesia: Kalimantan), A. (M.) violaceidorsis Bílý, sp. nov. (Indonesia: Kalimantan), and A. (M.) lucifera Plachetka, sp. nov. (The Philippines). Two species-groups are defined within the subgenus: A. (M.) insulaecola Obenberger, 1944 species-group and A. (M.) tricolor Kerremans, 1912 species-group. The sexual dimorphism of certain species is discussed and the distribution of some species are modified including new state records. All new species are illustrated and compared with the most related species.
An occasional record of the amplexus in epigean Niphargus (Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Russian Western Caucasus
Authors: MARIN IVAN , PALATOV DMITRY
Published: November 2019

The precopulatory mate guarding (amplexus) was observed in epigean Niphargus cf. magnus Birštein, 1940 collected near Tuapse in the Western Caucasus of Russia. The records of amplexing representatives of the subterranean genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) are extremely rare, and there are no publications describing the amplexus in this amphipod genus. The presented report shows that Niphargus have a chemically stimulated short-time amplexus immediately after the molt of the female, similar to the representatives of relative epigean and subterranean gammaridean amphipods. It is relatively short in time, possibly, because of adaptation to inhabit narrows spaces in underground habitats.
Rearrangements in some species groups of Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) including keys, description of a new species, new host plant and distributional records
Authors: SANTOS ALUSKA TAVARES DOS , RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE STRAMARE
Published: November 2019

Encompassing 39 species groups, Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815 is the second most diverse genus of seed-beetles in the Americas. Considering that the delimitation of some of the included species-groups is incongruent in the literature, this work tackled one particularly problematic group, the dispar group, which includes species that, depending on the classification scheme, have been classified in two other groups, namely the spondiae and alternatus groups. We recognize six valid species in the dispar group, viz. A. dispar (Sharp, 1885), A. crassipunctatus Ribeiro-Costa, 1999c A. insuturatus (Pic, 1902), A. schwarzi Kingsolver, 1970, A. taeniopygus Ribeiro-Costa, 1999 c, and Amblycerus goianiensis Santos & Ribeiro-Costa, sp. n., and four in the spondiae group, viz. A. spondiae Kingsolver, 1980, A. cuernavacensis Romero, Johnson & Kingsolver, 1996, A. vitis (Schaeffer, 1907) and A. alternatus (Pic, 1954). Three species are excluded from their original groups, namely A. eustrophoides (Schaeffer, 1904), A. serieguttatus (Chevrolat, 1877), from the alternatus group, and A. simulator (Jacquelin DuVal, 1857), from the dispar group, all considered here as incertae sedis. The remaining species of the alternatus group, A. schwarzi and A. alternatus, are transferred to other previously mentioned groups, thus dissolving this group. We provide diagnoses for the 13 species studied, redescribe three species, and describe one new species. Color illustrations of the dorsum and pygidium, drawings of the male genitalia and geographic distribution maps are included. Identification keys are also added for the dispar and spondiae groups. We record new host plants for four Amblycerus species and new localities for five species. The plant taxa Sarcomphalus mistol (Griseb.) Hauenschild, Terminalia corrugata (Ducke) Gere & Boatwr., T. tetraphylla (Aubl.) Gere & Boatwr. and Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton & Standl.) L. D. Benson are first registered here as hosts of Amblycerus. Four new records for Amblycerus, namely Capparis, Neopringlea, Rhus and Sarcomphalus, and two new records at the family level, Capparaceae A. Juss. and Salicaceae Mirb., the latter also being a new record for Bruchinae.
Study That Led to the Discovery of Rhombohedral Close Packing and Hexagonal Close Packing as Two New and Independent Lattices
Authors: Wahab Mohammad Abdul , Wahab Khurram Mujtaba
Published: November 2019

An ab-initio calculation of angles has been made between various directions on close packed basal plane with the tilted axis obtained by placing identical atoms on voids. Results obtained from simple calculations provide a lot of important information related to Rhombohedral
Close Packed and Hexagonal Close Packed structures, effectively leading to their discovery as independent and genuine space lattices from close packed category of materials. En-route, we also propose a separate equation to calculate the angles between two given directions in the above mentioned
close packed crystal systems. Modes of polytype formation in close packing of identical atoms is also briefly discussed.
Pocket Vertical Junction-Less U-Shape Tunnel FET and Its Challenges in Nano-Scale Regime
Authors: Tripathi Suman Lata
Published: November 2019

Low voltage application of Tunnel FET with steep subthreshold slope, has potential to replace its MOSFET counterpart for future scaling due to thermal limits imposed on nano-level transistors. Longer channel region increases the tunneling area results in increasing tunneling current
and decreasing miller capacitance to improve device switching performance for digital application. A new pocket tunnel junction-less UTFET (JLUTFET) exploits increased channel length with U shape and high ON current capability of junction-less transistor provide better device performance in
subthreshold region showing improvement in ION/IOFF(∼109) as compared to other similar conventional TFET and vertical TFET structures. The proposed nJLUTFET also shows lower drain induced barrier lowering (<20 mV/V) and near to ideal subthreshold
slope (∼66 mV/decade). The temperature analysis plays a vital role to decide a stable ON and OFF-state performance of transistors. So, the proposed pocket JLUTFET is investigated for temperature variations (ranging 250–400 K) to characterize the performance such as transfer characteristics,
Output characteristics and ION/IOFF ratio. The proposed n-channel JLUTFET has been designed on visual TCAD 2D/3D device simulator.
Quantum Current Modelling of Single Electron Transistors with N Potential Barrier
Authors: Hedayat Seyed Norollah , Hedayat Seyedeh Sahar
Published: November 2019

The single electron transistor is a new type of switching device that uses controlled electron tunneling to amplify current. In this paper, we focus on some basic device characteristics like, single electron tunneling effect on which this single electron transistor works. In this research,
transmission coefficient model of a single electron transistor with quantum dot arrays constraints is checked. Then, the current of the transistor is modeled on quantum dots. Finally, current–voltage characteristic based on quantum transport and structural parameters are analyzed.
Fabrication of Facile Synthesized ZnO/CuO Heterojunction Solar Cell Using Spin Coating Technique
Authors: Kuddus Abdul , Tabassum Samia , Ismail Abu Bakar Md.
Published: November 2019

Simulation and experimentally investigation on cupric oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) based heterojunction solar cells (HJSC) fabricated using the sol–gel spin coating technique has been presented in this contribution. It is seen from simulated results, the photoconversion efficiency
(PCE) of the hetero-junction solar cells employing with structure FTO/ZnO/CuO/Al can be enhanced through engineering on the thickness of photoactive layers, band gap and carrier concentration of photoactive materials. AMPS-1D simulated result showed cells efficiency of ∼5.5%, current density
(Jsc) of 6 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.9 V and fill-factor (FF) of 80%. Whereas solar cell fabricated with spin coating technique using optimized parameters from simulated results with conventional structure demonstrated a power conversion
efficiency exceeding 1.15% with Vocof 1.36 V, Jsc of 1.99 mA/cm2 and FF of 53% without electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL) and anti-reflecting coating (ARC). Deposited film properties like structural, surface morphological,
photovoltaic and optical were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and light current density–voltage (J–V) with AM1.5 solar simulator and UV-vis Spectroscopy. Although there is a variation between simulation and experimental
results due to open air fabrication environment with no charge transport layers and no anti-reflection coating, this value of inorganic HJSC efficiency is possibly the highest reported for a ZnO/CuO interface fabricated using spin coating technique that highlights spin coating as a promising
technique for inexpensive and scalable fabrication of ZnO/CuO based hetero-junctions solar cell.
Development and Validation of UV-Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Berberine in Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Mujtaba Md Ali
Published: November 2019

A simple, specific, economic, accurate, and reproducible UV-spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the estimation of berberine (BRC) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The λmax of BRC in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2), phosphate buffer (pH
6.8), and water was found to be 346 nm, 343 nm and 260 nm respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5–30 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9698) in water, 5–25 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9991) in 0.1 N HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and 5–35
μg/ml (R2 = 0.9935) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). These methods were tested, and validated for various parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) according to ICH guidelines. The method
showed good reproducibility and recovery with percent relative standard deviation less than 2%. Moreover, the accuracy and precision obtained implied that UV spectroscopy can be a cheap, reliable, and less time consuming alternative for chromatographic analysis. The proposed methods were successfully
applied for the determination of BRC in pharmaceutical formulation. The BRC estimated from the formulation was found to be well within limits (±5% of the labelled content of the formulations). The proposed methods are highly sensitive, precise, accurate, and can be employed for the
routine analysis of berberine in bulks as well as in the commercial formulations.