bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Ginsenosides in Fresh Panax Ginseng
Authors: Yip T.T. , Lau C.N.B. , But P.P.H. , Kong Y.C.
Published: November 2004

TLC, DCC and HPLC were used to study the ginsenoside composition of the main root, lateral root, rhizomem leaves and seeds of Panax ginseng cultivated in Jilin, China. Each of these methods has advantages of its own and the ensemble reveal the special features of Jilin ginseng. Total saponin content of various plant parts in Jilin ginseng showed a mid-range value as compared to those in ginsengs reported in literature. Fresh as well as sun-dried specimens from the same batch possessed a high percentage of Rg1 in the main root and this might account for the traditional preference of this plant part despite its lowest percentage of saponin in the whole plant. Large amounts of polar saponins were also observed in roots and rhizome of fresh Jilin ginseng, the nature and significance of which remained to be investigated.
Cinnabar-gold as the Best Alchemical Drug of Longevity, Called Makaradhwaja in India
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

A drug of longevity, prior to alchemy, was peach, from which the god of longevity has emerged. Alchemy began by synthesizing and red colloidal gold with gold to make the body ever-lasting and redness, as soul, to make life eternal. Its climax was reached with cinnabar-gold, which is blood-red, while red-gold is only brick-red. It was called Makaradhwaja in India. They have been fertility gods. Hermes was one and Alchemy has been named a Hermetic art. Makara was crocodile-cum-fish, god of fertility. Makaradhwaja means Emblem of god of fertility, signifying a drug conferring vigour of youth.
Antiplatelet Effect of Hsien-Ho-T'sao (Agrimonia Pilosa)
Authors: Wang Jih-Pyang , Hsu Mei-Feng , Teng Che-Ming
Published: November 2004

The water extract of Hsien-Ho-T'sao (HHT) produced a dose-dependent inhibition on collagen-induced aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The IC50 was about 3.5 mg/ml. In addition, HHT inhibited also the aggregation induced by ADP, A23187 or arachidonate in PRP. Greater inhibition was observed in the preparation of washed platelets. Increase of the calcium concentration in medium could not overcome the inhibitory effect of HHT. ATP release from platelets induced by collagen or A23187 was inhibited by HHT. In the presence of EDTA, ATP release caused by thrombin or A23187 was also inhibited by HHT. Malondialdehyde and thromboxane B2 formation was greatly inhibited by HHT in platelets challenged by collagen and thrombin. In arachidonate-stimulated platelets, thromboxane B2, but not malondialdehyde formation was inhibited. HHT showed more marked inhibition on aggregation in the presence of indomethacin, creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase or a combination of both. Hydrogen peroxide-induced hemolysis was makred reduced by HHT. It was concluded that HHT might have some membrane-active properties which interfered with the activation of phospholipase A2.
Acupuncture Points of Sacral Plexus
Authors: Dung H.C.
Published: November 2004

This is the sixth and final communication in a series describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. Most acunpuncture points on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the lower limb are located along routes of the sacral plexus. These points belong to acunpuncture meridians carrying ''Yang energy'' in the lower limbs. The meridians are traditionally known as the Urinary Bladder on the posterior surface of the lower limb, Gall Bladder on the lateral surface of the lower limb, and Stomach on the anterior surface of the leg and dorsum of the foot.
Electroacupuncture Increases Ipsilaterally Tooth Pain Threshold in Man
Authors: Yukizaki Hideki , Nakajima Shiro , Nakashima Keiichiro , Yamada Yoshiaki , Sato Toshihide
Published: November 2004

The effect of electroacupuncture stimulation applied to a unilateral Ho-ku point on the human tooth pain thresholds was studied by electrically stimulating bilateral canines. In six of ten subjects tested, the tooth pain threshold was elevated ipsilaterally but was unchanged contralaterally during and after the electroacupuncture. In the remaining four, neither the ipsilateral nor the contralateral canine showed any change in the pain threshold by the electroacupuncture. The ipsilateral increase of the tooth pain threshold may be explained by the a mechanism by which electroacupuncture stimulation of one Ho-ku point causes various pain suppression centers to release ipsilaterally endogenous opioids.
The Effect of Needle Stimulation of Acupuncture Loci Tienshu (St-25) Chung-Wan (CV-12) on the Immune Response in Sensitized Mice Against Experimental Cholera
Authors: Kuan Ting-Kuo , Lee Shih-Pei , Lin Juang-Geng , Shen Mason
Published: November 2004

The effects of stimulation of acupuncture loci from Tien-Shu (St-25) piercing through Chung-Wan (CV-12) on the Leukocytes and immune response were assessed in mice (that is, the anatomical equivalent of these loci of human acupuncture points). The leukocyte count increased and reached its highest level two hours after needling, then restored to normal level 24 hours later both in normal mice and immunized mice. Statistical analysis showed no significant variation on the lymphocyte/total leukocyte ratio in normal mice or immunized mice before, during and after needling. The effects of acupuncture on the production of anti-Vibrio cholerae in serumof the immunizedmice can not be found, but produced positive effects in small intestine both on production of SIgA and antagonism to cholera. Furthermore these enhanced effects were higher by needling after oral (p.o.) boosting than before oral boosting.
Effects of Moxibusting Point Kuan-Yuan on Cardiovascular and Renal Responses to Histamine-Induced Shock
Authors: Chen Ho-Chan , Brattberg Gunilla
Published: November 2004

Moxibustion of the Point Kuan-Yuan is said by some Chinese herb doctors to have "anti-shock" effect. Using histamine-induced shock in anesthetized dogs, we studied the cardiovascular and renal effects of moxibusting Point Kuan-Yuan. We found that it significantly increased cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and mean blood pressure but it did not significantly increase heart rate. Moxibustion also significantly increased renal plasma flow, golmerular filtration rate, urine flow, and Na+ Cl–K+ excretions.

Whether moxibusting Kuan-Yuan may be useful as an adjunct in treating clinical shocks deserves more extensive studies in well-controlled situations. It may be helpful in clinical situations in which elevation of the sympathetic activity may be beneficial.
Venus, the Goddess of Fertility, Numerologically 15 in Babylon and the Origin of the Chinese System of 8 Designs, Called Pa-Kua
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

In Babylonia, numerology was invented and Venus, as the goddness of fertility, was first depicted as a 6-comered star. But, as numerologically she was designated 15. As a -comered star, its make-up shows two opposite triangles interpenetrated. This was changed to two squares fused into one where geometrically the shape became a square. It created 9 cells which were so numbered that the numbers counted in any row gave the sum 15. Venus thus became a Magic Square of 15. Geometrically it was a Magic Square, but numerologically it was 15. In the make-up the squares were two and opposites. As goddness of fertility she especially helped the pregnant to an easy delivery. Some 8 variants of the Magic Square, with different arrangements of numbers, represented 4 cosmic elements and 4 cosmic qualities. The Magic Squares, which represented elements, had the numbers 1, 3, 5 and 8 near one another forming a miniature square by themseleves. A Magic Square representing a quality did not have the numbers 1, 3, 5 and 8, as a consolidated unit. This explains the importance of the numbers 1, 3, 5 and 8, a mystery which had remained unsolved. Venus was also the star of copper. When copper technology migrated from Babylon to China, the occult science associated with Venus also rached China. Here the 8 Magic Squares were translated into a system of whole and broken lines, called Pa-Kua, meaning 8 designs. An illustratio is offered showing that, given 3 lines are whole and 3 as broken and these combined with each other, the total result of combinations amounts only to 8. Figuure 10 is then best integrated with the help of Figure 7. Now each Magic Square and each Kua was a "living being" and thereby a source of blessing others. A candidate of longevity wears a robe decorated with Pa-Kua, the 8 designs which further carry at the center the symbol of Yang-Yin, the source of all existence, including those of the 8 kuas themselves. Such a robe of a Taoist priest has also been offered. Incidentially it may be mentioned that the interested reader may consult a previous article on Indian and Chinese cosmic elements (1979).
Effects of Hachimijiogan, Tokishakuyakusan and Keishibukuryogan on the Corpus Luteum Function and Weights of Various Organs in Vivo
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

The 27-day-old female rats received 20 IU PMS and 56 hours later, 40 IU hCG and were orally given with 20 or 200 μg of Hachimjiogan (TJ-7), Tokishakuyakusan (TJ-23) or Keishibukuryogan (TJ-25) daily for 3 or 5 days before sacrifice. Seven days after hCG treatment, the serum and ovarian tissue were assayed for progestins. 200 μg/day of TJ-23 significantly (p<0.05) decreased the progesterone and 17 αhydroxpogesterone levels, whereas it significantly (p<0.01) increased 20 α-hydroxpogesterone, TJ-7 and TJ-25 showed a tendency to decrease these progestins. These results suggest that TJ-23 has a luteolytic effect on the corpus luteum in vivo.
Dong Quai
Authors: Zhu David P.Q.
Published: November 2004

The Chinese people discovered Dong Quai and used it as a tonic and spice. Women especially have used Dong Quai to protect their health, generation after generation. This paper reviews the pharmacological effect, toxicity and dosage formula of Dong Quai, based on the modern concept.
Psychological Aspects of People with Headache Undergoing Percutaneous Electrostimulation: Preliminary Data
Authors: Negro F.E , Rinaldi R. , Lolli D.
Published: November 2004

Percutaneous electrostimulation is performed in the treatment of headaches taking into account, after preliminary test, the relative psycholgical symptom connected to headache. The authors suggest that a preliminary analysis is indispensable to the treatment of psychodynamic and psychopathologic mechanisms connected to headache.
Alchemy, Chinese Versus Greek, An Etymological Approach: A Rejoinder
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

The theory generally accepted maintains that Alchemy arose at Alexandra as a child of Greek culture. It has two names, Chemeia as the earlier and Chumeia as the later. There is another theory that Alchemy arose in China. Its founder was the aged ascetic who longed after drugs of longevity. He first tried jade, next gold and cinnabar, but the ideal was a drug which was red like cinnabar and fire-proof like gold. But what was actually prepared was read colloidal gold or "calcined gold," by grinding gold granules in a decoction of an herb of longevity. It was called Chin-I; Chin=gold and I=plant juice. In Fukin dialect Chin-I=Kim-Iya. This was Arabicized, by pre-Islamic Arabs trading in silk with China, as Kimiya, whence arose Al-Kimiya and finally Alchemy. It was first accepted by Bucharic speaking Copts in Egypt who transliterated Kimiya=Chemeia, pronouncing it as the Arabs did. With the increase of trade in silk the Chinese also went to Alexandria and helped the Greeks to translate Chin-I as Chrusozomion meaning, gold (making) ferment, instead of gold making plant juice. Consistant with this origin of the word Chemeia is the fact that the earlier Alchemists were not Greeks but probably Bucharic speaks Copts or Egyptians. The consumer of Chin-I or Chemeia became "a drug-made immortal" called Chin-Jen, Golden-Man. This was translated into Greek as Chrusanthropos. Thus the etymology of two Greek words Chrusozomion and Chrusanthropos support the origin of the loan word, Chemeia as Chinese. To save space it is not proposed to discuss the origin of Chumeia.
Organic Components of Moxa
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuko
Published: November 2004

Moxa was soaked in a mixed solvent of chloroform, menthanol and water (5:5:1) at room temperature for 7 days, and the supernatant solution was seperated into two layers by the addition of water. Heptatriacontane (C37H76), confirmed by measurements of 1H and 13C-NMR spectra and melting point, was obtained from the chloroform layer, while condensed tannins having catechol derivatives were found in the methanol-water layer. Each ratio of C37H76 in several kinds of moxas to the total weight of the moxa was similiar in both high-class and low-class moxas, but that of the tannins was much less in the former than the latter. Comparing the burning-temperature from 25°C to the highest temperature was longer in the treated moxa. Removal of C37H76 from the original moxa seems to decelerate the burning of moxa.
Effect of Traditional Herbal Medicine, Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To on Total and Free Serum Testosterone Levels
Authors: Takeuchi Toru , Nishii Osamu , Okamura Takashi , Yaginuma Tsutomu
Published: November 2004

The effect of the traditional herbal medicine, Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To (SK), which contains Shakuyaku (S) and Kanzo (K) in equal amounts, on serum testosterone levels was investigated in androgen-sterilized rats. They were given orally SK [0, 22.5, 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] and S or K (0, 11.25, 22.5, 40 and 90 mg/kg b.w.) in 2 ml of water daily for 2 weeks. Dose-dependent decreases in free serum testosterone (T) levels were found in the administration of SK. Total serum T levels in the administration of SK and S decreased in a dose-dependent manner. K decreased totla serum T levels slightly in 11.5 and 22.5 mg/kg doses but showed the dose-dependent increase in much higher doses, the extent of which was much less than that of the decrease in S. Serum estradiol/T (E2/T) ratios were significantly elevated in 45 to 180 mg/kg doses of SK, 90 mg/kg dose of S and 11.25 to 90 mg/kg doses of K. Serum LH and FSH levels were not changes by SK, S and K. Oophorectomized rats were similarly given SK (0, 90 and 180 mg/kg b.w.) and S or K (the half doses of SK). There were no changes in serum T, LH and FSH levels in all given doses. Thus, one of the mechanisms for SK to lower serum T levels in the direct action on the ovary to stimulate the aromatase activity, resulting in decreasing the T secretion and this is the additive effects of S and K.
Gastroprotective Activity of Ginger Zingiber Officinale Rosc., in Albino Rats
Authors: Al-Yahya M.A. , Rafatullah S. , Mossa J.S. , Ageel A.M. , Parmar N.S. , Tariq M.
Published: November 2004

The cytoprotective and gastric anti-ulcer studies of ginger have been carried out in albino rats. Cytodestruction was produced by 80% ethanol, 0.6M HC1, 0.2M NaOH and 25% NaC1. Whereas gastric ulcers were produced by ulcerogenic agents including indomethacin, aspirin and reserpine, beside hypothermic restraint stress and by pylorus ligated Shay rat technique. The results of this study demonstrate that the extract in the dose of 500 mg/kg orally exert highly significant cytoprotection against 80% ethanol, 0.6M HC1, 0.2M NaOH and 25% NaC1 induced gastric lesions. Th extract also prevented the occurrence of gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hypothermic restraint stress. These observations suggest cytoprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effect of the ginger.
Acupuncture and Sensory Thresholds
Authors: Lundeberg T. , Eriksson S. , Lundeberg S. , Thomas M.
Published: November 2004

The effect of acupuncture on sensory thresholds was studied in 6 healthy subjects. The modes of acupuncture studied were: 1. manual stimulation, 2. electrical stimulation at 2 Hz, 3. electrical stimulation at 80 Hz. Superfiscial-acupuncture was used as placebo. Insertions of needles or application of electrodes were bilateral, at St 7 (intrasegmental) or Li 4 (extrasegmental). The study showed that manual or electro-acupuncture were effective when used intrasegmentally, raising pain threshold values 1.1 to 1.4 times that prior to stimulation. The pain threshold elevation obtained was not significantly related to plasma levels of beta-endorphin, ACTH or prolactin. Other sensory threholds, thermal, vibrotactile and electrotactile were unaffected by such conditioned sitmulation. Superfiscial-acupuncture had no significant effect on the sensory thresholds tested.
Function of Myocardial Contraction and Relaxation in Essential Hypertension in Dynamics of Acupuncture Therapy
Authors: Radzievsky S.A. , Lebedeva O.D. , Fisenko L.A. , Majskaja S.A.
Published: November 2004

Forty-nine patients with initial stages of essential hypertension (EH) were investigaed using phase systole analysis and echocardiography during acupuncture (reflexotherapy) treatment. It was established that even at the initial stages of EH increasing of myocardial mass and disturbances of contractile and diastolic activity of myocardium take place. As a result of acupuncture a stable hypotensive effect, improvement or normalization of contractile function and diastolic values, a decrease of energy loss, reversal of myocardial hypertrophy were achieved. It is the decrease of sympathetic influences on the circulation system that plays an important part in the onset of these positive changes.
The Theory of Five Elements in Acupuncture
Authors: Jagirdar Pankaj C.
Published: November 2004

The theory of five elements is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is proposed that the theory of five elements was developed on the basis of the theory of elements, the law of contagion and the law of similarity which were prevalent in that era. They theory of elements spread in various forms all over the face of the globe. The law of contagion stated that objects, which at one time had been in continuity or juxtaposition, continued to exert an effect one upon the other. The internal organs were coupled probably on the basis of the law of contagion. The law of similarity stated that objects or circumstances which bear apparent similarity in form, shape, color or sequence of events, were considered to be fundamentally related. On the basis of the law of similarity the coupled internal organs were classified into five elements and the theory of five elements was compared with various things like seasons, color, tastes, emotions, etc. The theory of five elements is probably the earliest documented evidence correlating physiology with pathogensis of diseases and a guideline for treatment of diseases.
Needling Sensation Receptor of an Acupoint Supplied by the Median Nerve - Studies of their Electro-Physiological Characteristics
Authors: Wang Kemo , Liu Jian
Published: November 2004

We classified 50 receptor units from 10 acupoints supplied by the medium nerve. It was found that the needling stimulation mostly excited slowly adapting receptors and that the classification of acupoint receptors related closely to their location. For example, the Shanyang, Zhongchong, Shaoshang acupoints in the skin needling sensation receptors are touch or pressure receptor units; the receptors of Neiguan, Yuji, etc.; the acupoints located in deep tissue with abundant muscles, are mostly muscle spindles; the Daling acupoint might be a colgi tendon and/or pressure receptor unit. Besides a significant receptor, an acupoint contains one or more needling sensation receptor. The receptors and the afferent fibers of acupoints take part in forming and maintaining the needling sensations.
Effect of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (San Zhuang Wan) on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis of the Immature Rat
Authors: Zhang Ting-Xin , Pomerantz David K.
Published: November 2004

San Zhuang Wan (SZW) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat male impotence. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect is not known nor have any of its potential physiologic actions been investigated. We examined the effect of SZW adminstered by gavage, on the reproductive system of the prepubertal male rat. After 10 days treatment of 21-day-old rats the concentration of testosterone in serum and testicular weight and decrease whereas the serum concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) had significantly increased. When administered to gonadectomized rats SZW partially restored the weight of the accessory sex organs and concentration of LH toward normal, but serum androgen concentration was not changed. In vitro assessment of fragments of testicular tissue or purified Leydig cells for responsiveness to maximal doses of LH or cyclic AMP showed that SWZ significantly reduced testosterone secretion in response to either stimulant. The data demonstrate that SWZ has potent effects on the reproductive axis of the pubertal male rat. At least one locus for such action is on the Leydig cell at a point distal to the formation of cyclic AMP. Further study is necessary to determine whether these effects could be involved with or independent of the mechanism of the therapeutic action of SZW.
Hypoglucaemic Activity of Opuntia streptacantha Throughout its Annual Cycle
Authors: Meckes-Lozoya M. , Ibáñez-Camacho R.
Published: November 2004

Opuntia sp. used in mexican traditional medicine diminishes blood sugar levels when orally administered. Possible seasonal variations in the hypoglycaemic property of Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire, were studied using the fresh sap of its stems collected throughout the year. The evaluation was performed in the already proven sensitive experimental model in normal rabbits. No seasonal variation in the hypoglycaemic activity of this plant product was detected suggesting it can be used year round for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus.
Effects of Qing-Fei-Tang on the Airway Inflammation and Clearance
Authors: Miyamoto Kohji , Furusawa Ken-ichi , Kuroiwa Ataru , Saito Munetoshi , Miyata Takeshi , Furukawa Tatsuo
Published: November 2004

Qing-Fei-Tang, a Chinese blended medicine, inhibited the release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from passively sensitized guinea pig lung after antigen challenge. Qing-Fei-Tang also suppressed the chemiluminescence of oxygen radicals when healthy human leukocytes were stimulated by opsonized zymosan. In rabbits, Qing-Fei-Tang increased the output volume and fatty acid contents in respiratory tract fluid. In the bronchitic rabbits, 6 weeks administration of Qing-Fei-Tang restored the decreased amount of saturated fatty acid in the sputa, and histological examinations revealed an amelioration of the inflammation of lungs tissues. In pigeons, Qing-Fei-Tang facilitated tracheal mucociliary transport. Accordingly, Qing-Fei-Tang seems to exert effectiveness via its multiple mechanisms.
Protective Effect of Danshen During Myocaredial Ischemia and Reperfusion: An Isolated Rat Heart Study
Authors: Zhou W. , Ruigrok T.J.C.
Published: November 2004

The effect of Danshen (Radix salviae miltiorrhizae) on mechanical activity and coronary flow rate if isolated rat hearts was examined to assess the ability of Danshen to protect the myocardium against the effects of ischemia and reperfusion. After 20 min of control perfusion, in the presence or absence of Danshen, the hearts were made totally ischemic for 30 min and then reperfused for 30 min. Danshen had a negative inotropic effect and caused an increase of coronary flow rate. During post-ischemic reperfusion recovery of left ventricular developed pressure in the pressure in the Danshen-treated hearts was significantly better and contracture was significantly less than in the untreated hearts. The results indicate that Danshen protects the heart against some of the deleterious effects of ischemia abd reperfusion.
Changes in Brainstem and Cortical Auditory Potentials During Qi-Gong Meditation
Authors: Liu Guo-long , Cui Rong-qing , Li Guo-zhang , Huang Chi-ming
Published: November 2004

"Qi Gong" (QG) is a meditation exercise known for thousands of years in China and has always been widely practiced. It has been claimed to have a variety of healing and other health benefits. To provide an understanding of the effect of QG on brain structures along the whole neural axis from the periphery to the cerebral cortex, we have monitored short-latency auditory brainstem evoked response, middle-latency response, and long-latency cortical auditory evoked potentials, before, during, and after QG. Our results showed that QG caused an enhancement of brainstem auditory evoked response with a concomitant depression of cortical responses. These observations may be related to the healing and other health benefits of QG.
Interaction of Diazepam and Naloxone on Acupuncture Induced Pain Relief
Authors: Eriksson S. V. , Lundeberg T. , Lundeberg S.
Published: November 2004

We have studied if 2 Hz electroacupuncture alleviates chronic nociceptive pain and if so whether the alleviation was related to the release of endogenous opioids. Thirty-two patients suffering from osteoarthritis were subjected to electroacupuncture, with or without pretreatment with naloxone or diazepam. The effect of the different experimental procedures was assessed using scales for the intensity (sensory component) and unpleasantness (affective component) of pain. Electroacupuncture induced a significant alleviation of pain. This alleviation was more significant on the affective scales ( p < 0.01) than on the sensory scales ( p < 0.05). After pretreatment with diazepam or naloxone, the subsequent pain alleviating effect was reduced. These data indicate that acupuncture induced analgesia may partly be mediated through endogenous opioids which are affected by pretreatment with diazepam or naloxone.
Development of Natural Crude Drug Resources from Taiwan (X) Pharmacognostical Studies on the Chinese Crude Drug "Han-lian-cao"
Authors: Chen Jen-Yin , Lin Chun-Ching , Namba Tsuneo
Published: November 2004

In a previous paper(1), it was reported that the drug "Han-Iian-cao", in Taiwan was derived from the entire plant or aerial part of Eclipta prostrata L. and Alternanthera sessil is R. Brown. In this paper, the histological studies of "Han-lian-cao" derived from Wedelia and Hypericum plants, and of 3 species of Wedelia related plants distributed in Taiwan were made. The results showed that it was possible to classify these species by their external and internal characteristics. In addition, a key to the characteristics of the whole plants of Eclipta, Alternanthera, Wedelia and Hypericum plants are hereby given.
Expression of Galanin in Rat Primary Sensory Afferents After Moxibustion to the Skin
Authors: Kashiba Hitoshi , Nishigori Ayahiko , Ueda Yoshihiro
Published: November 2004

We examined the effects of moxibustion on primary sensory neurons in the skin of rats using immunocytochemistry combined with a fluorescent retrograde tracer dye, fluoro gold (FG). Galanin-like immunoreactive (IR) fibers were often observed in the dermis of treated skin at 18 hours after moxibustion, while such fibers were rarely detected in untreated (control) skin. Moreover, most of galanin-IR fibers also displayed substance P(SP)-like immunoreactivity. About 20-30% of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons labeled when FG was injected intradermally into the moxibustion-treated skin showed galanin-like immunoreactivity, while the proportion of FG-labeled neurons with such immunoreactivity was < 10% in control DRGs. These results show that moxibustion induced galanin expression by primary sensory neurons containing SP. The possible functions of this peptide are discussed in relation to the effects of moxibustion.
Comments on Nomenclature in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Bao Kexin
Published: November 2004

The present article suggests that the nomenclature used in traditional Chinese medicine is currently unclear resulting in improper usage of terms and subsequent confusion. This paper is an attempt to clarify this nomenclature confusion. Traditional medicine of China should be called "traditional Chinese medicine" (T.C.M.) rather than the frequently used "Chinese medicine". The latter term fails to express the "tradition" associated with T. C. M., and also it does not distinguish between T.C.M. and modern Chinese medicine. "Oriental medicine", another frequently used term for T.C.M., has the same kind of shortcomings. The true colors of T. C. M. should be restored. The author also notes that "herb", "herbology" or "herbal medicine" is not synonymous with traditional Chinese materia medica. Herbal medicine is a type of folk medicine whereas traditional Chinese materia medica is a formal branch of traditional Chinese medicine. Furthermore, the author suggests that "acupunctology" be used when referring to the science of acupuncture whereas "acupuncture" should be used with reference to a method or perhaps the therapy of needling.
The Anti-tumor Effect of a Small Polypeptide from Coriolus versicolor (SPCV)
Authors: Yang Mabel Mei Po , Chen Zhinan , Kwok John Shiu Lun
Published: November 2004

A new small polypeptide was isolated from the crude extraction of polysaccharide peptide of Coriolus versicolor (Cov-1) by HPLC and CIEF. It has a smaller molecular weight (10K) compared with that of PSP (100K) and was named small peptide of Coriolus versicolor, SPCV. It was found that SPCV possesses potent cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines of HL-60, LS174-T, SMMU-7721, and SCG-7901. The IC 50 of SPCV on HL-60 was 30 μg/ml. The inhibition rates of leukemia cells and SCG-7901 were significantly higher in SPCV treated group than that in PSP and PSK groups. SPCV also has immunopotentiating effect as it increased WBC and IgG levels. Pretreatment of SPCV for two weeks decreased the incidence of tumor mass in nude mice inoculated with tumor cells.
Crude Drugs Used for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chun-Ching
Published: November 2004

A survey of hypoglycemic effective crude drugs in the market in Taiwan revealed 24 species of crude drug prescriptions, 34 kinds of crude drugs derived from 48 species of medicinal plants belonging to 25 families, all concerned with the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This paper updates a list of anti-diabetic crude drugs used as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Taiwan by means of ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies. Results showed that many of these crude drugs have hypoglycemic effects. Further investigation will be made.
Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory and Liver-protective Effects of Anoectochilus formosanus, Ganoderma lucidum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Rats
Authors: Lin Jer-Min , Lin Chun-Ching , Chiu Hui-Fen , Yang Jenq-Jer , Lee Shing-Ginn
Published: November 2004

The pharmacological effects of Anoectochilus formosanus, Ganoderma lucidum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum were studied against carrageenan-induced paw edema and CC14-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The water extracts of G. pentaphyllum and G. lucidum were found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced edema. The administration of Gynostemma pentaphyllum displayed an activity even more potent than indomethacin. In contrast, Anoectochilus formosanus showed a delayed onset of anti-inflammatory activity starting from 4 hrs post carrageenan administration. However, A. formosanus significantly decreased the acute increase in serum GOT and OPT level caused by CC14. Histological changes such as necrosis, fatty change, ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells around the central vein were simultaneously improved by the treatment of A. formosanus.
Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms of the Chinese Herbs Suching-Huo-Hsuei-Tang in the Treatment of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Chou Chung-tei , Wu Wu-Ion , Chang Mu-Ian , Chang Deh-ming
Published: November 2004

The Chinese herbal formula Suching-huo-hsuei-tang (SHT) was studied to evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism on adjuvant - induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. SHT was extracted with water, butanol and chloroform into 5 different layers. The top 3 layers of SHT showed a significant suppression of AIA and writhing reaction; the top 2 layers suppressed neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation. The results suggest that SHT is very promising in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by way of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. The possible mechanisms for arthritis are multifactorial.
The Effect of Sho-saiko-to on the Concentration of Acid Soluble Glycoprotein in Serum and on Granuloma Formation in Carrageenin Cotton Pellet-induced Granuloma Rats
Authors: Yoshida Kazuo , Mizukawa Hiromi , Honmura Akie , Uchiyama Yasuhiko , Kaku Hidehiko , Nakajima Shigekatsu , Haruki Eiichi
Published: November 2004

The effect of Sho-saiko-to on the concentration of acid soluble glycoprotein in serum and on the granuloma formation in carrageenin cotton pellet-induced rats was investigated. As a result, a significant negative correlation between the concentration of acid soluble glycoprotein and granuloma weight was observed. Furthermore, both the concentration of acid soluble glycoprotein and the inhibition rate of the granuloma formation were significantly higher in the Sho-saiko-to group than in the control group. These results suggest that acid soluble glycoprotein plays an important role in promoting the anti-inflammatory effect of Sho-saiko-to.
Chinese Medicine in Malaysia and Singapore: The Business of Healing
Authors: Ooi G.L.
Published: November 2004

Traditional Chinese medicine as it persists in several East and Southeast Asian countries, has undergone major changes. Such changes have reinforced the trading aspects of traditional Chinese medical practice with relatively little advantage for the medical care component. This paper examines the nature of changes in contemporary ethnic Chinese medical practice in Malaysia and Singapore with the aim of understanding their implications for the persistence of this medical tradition.
Effects of Kami-kihi-to (Jia- Wei-Gui-Pi-Tang) on Autoantibodies in Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Yamaguchi K. , Kido H. , Kawakatsu T. , Fukuroi T. , Suzuki M. , Yanabu M. , Nomura S. , Kokawa T. , Yasunaga K.
Published: November 2004

We studied the effect of Kami-kihi-to (Jia-Wei-Gui-Pi-Tang) on the production of autoantibodies in ten patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. After administration of Kami-kihi-to, platelet count was increased in seven of the ten patients ( p <0.05). Using Western blotting, we demonstrated the disappearance of autoantibody reaction with antigen in one patient. However, platelet-associated IgG was decreased in eight of ten patients ( p <0.05). Kami-kihi-to appears to promote the suppression of autoantibodies in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. No side effects were observed in any patient. Thus, Kami-kihi-to may be a useful and safe drug in the management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
Combined Effects of Chuling (Polyporus umbellatus) Extract and Mitomycin C on Experimental Liver Cancer
Authors: You Jyh-sheng , Hau Dou-mong , Chen Kung-tung , Huang Hui-feng
Published: November 2004

Chuling (Polyporus umbellatus), one of the commonly used Chinese medical herbs, was combined with mitomycin C and then studied against intrahepatic implantation of sarcoma 180 tumor cells in mice. Oral administration of chuling extract, intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C and the combination of both increased the life span of tumor-bearing mice 71.6%, 70.1% and 119.9%, respectively. The same treatments were found to be cytotoxic to Sarcoma-180-induced liver tumor cells. The synthetic rates of DNA, RNA and protein were all inhibited measurably by the combined treatment. Histopathological studies showed that lymphocytes infiltrated and surrounded the cancer cells, and there was some fibrosis found in normal cells and cancer cells. These results indicate the potential use of chuling as an anticancer agent.
Experimental Evidence of a Plant Meridian System II: The Effects of Needle Acupuncture on the Temperature Changes of Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Hou T. Z. , Re Z. W. , Hu B. , Li M. D.
Published: November 2004

When stainless steel needles were inserted opposite each other in the stem near the unifoliolate buds of soybean plants and retained there for the whole experiment, leaf temperatures increased for two consecutive days. Following acupuncture, the mean temperature of the main vein in the first and second days increased 0.59°C and 0.48°C, respectively, while the temperature of mesophyll increased only 0.50°C and 0.47°C in the first and second days. These results are very consistent with studies on the human meridian system. This is our second report on experimental evidence that plants may have a meridian system as is known to exist in mammals.
Further Analysis of a Pilot Study for Planning an Extensive Clinical Trial in Traditional Medicine - with an Example of Acupuncture Treatment for Stroke
Authors: Chen Chen-Hsin , Chou Pesus , Hu Han-Hwa , Tsuei Julia J.
Published: November 2004

Statistical methods for evaluating the effects of treatments and prognostic factors in clinical trials are discussed. Exploratory data analysis, nonparametric methods, regression modeling, and regression diagnostics of influential cases are applied to the analysis of a pilot 'randomized' controlled trial on the treatment of acute stroke with acupuncture. The utility of this analysis for modifying patient eligibility criteria, determining required sample size and utilizing stratified randomization in a future extensive stroke trial is discussed.
The Effect of Sho-saiko-to on Concentration of Vitamin E in Serum and on Granuloma Formation in Carrageenin Cotton Pellet-Induced Granuloma Rats
Authors: Yoshida Kazuo , Mizukawa Hiromi , Honmura Akie , Uchiyama Yasuhiko , Nakajima Shigekatsu , Haruki Eiichi
Published: November 2004

The effect of Sho-saiko-to on the concentration of vitamin E in serum and on the granuloma formation in Carrageenin cotton pellet-induced rats was investigated. As a result, in the granuloma rats of Sho-saiko-to group, a significantly improved inhibitory effect on granuloma formation and a higher concentration of vitamin E in serum, cholesterol and phospholipid were observed compared to the control group. Despite this lipid-increasing action by Sho-saiko-to, the concentration of serum lipid peroxide was significantly lower than in the control group. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between the concentration of vitamin E and granuloma weight was observed. These results suggest that vitamin E plays an important role in promoting the anti-inflammatory effect of Sho-saiko-to.
Experimental Evidence of a Plant Meridian System III: The Sound Characteristics of Phylodendron (Alocasia) and Effects of Acupuncture on Those Properties
Authors: Hou T. Z. , Luan J. Y. , Wang J.Y. , Li M. D.
Published: November 2004

Studies on the sound characteristics of phylodendron performed by measuring the power of plant leaves with a laser beam found that the leaves of phylodendron could produce sound waves at relatively low frequencies (from 50 Hz to 120 Hz). Furthermore, it was found that those leaves could accept external sound wave stimulations, with frequencies lower than 150 Hz giving the strongest responses. When the plants were under stress, such as drought, the sound emissions from the plant's leaves increased approximately 20-30 dB, while the range of response to external sound wave stimulation decreased 10-20 dB. However, these increased emissions returned to normal six minutes after watering. When the stainless steel needles were inserted into the petiole of the plant, spontaneous sound production was increased about 40 dB for the main vein and 6 dB for the mesophyll. This is our third report on experimental evidence that plants might have a meridian system as in humans and other animals.
Gentle and Strong Acupuncture: A Short Review of the Two Main Approaches to Treatment
Authors: Kudriavtsev Alexey , Vlasik Tanja
Published: November 2004

For centuries, the Qi secondary pathways have been known. Although in many diseases puncturing their points can be very effective, such treatment, surprisingly, is used very restrictively. In this article we present some methods allowing the relief of these pathways in their most limited sites. Such approaches are referred to as gentle acupuncture which intends to clear energy channels. In addition, methods of working with principal channels using the Five Element-Phase points are presented. These methods, considering energy imbalance at a level of the whole organism, are called strong acupuncture because of their strong influence on the Energy of the body.
The Effect of Ninjinyoeito on Human Aorta Endothelial Cells
Authors: Uchiyama Yasuhiko , Nakajima Shigekatsu , Yoshida Kazuo , Mizukawa Hiromi , Haruki Eiichi
Published: November 2004

We studied the effect of Ninjinyoeito in relation to the endothelial cells of the human aorta. Ninjinyoeito produced a cell proliferation acceleration effect, resulting in suppression of the synthesis and acceleration of the disintegration of endothelin, which acts as a vasoconstrictor and vasopressor. Also, acceleration of the synthesis of prostacyclin, which shows antithrombosis and platelet coagulation suppressing effects, was observed. The results suggest that Ninjinyoeito accelerates physiological function of in vitro human aorta endothelial cells.
A Useful Diagnostic Method for Drug-induced Pneumonitis
Authors: Kawasaki Akira , Mizushima Yutaka , Kunitani Hitoshi , Kitagawa Masanobu , Kobayashi Masashi
Published: November 2004

A 51 year-old male was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. Chest X -ray films and his history of taking Chinese medicine for liver dysfunction were suggestive of drug-induced pneumonitis. Lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) to causative Chinese medical drugs of Sho-saiko-to and Dai-saiko-to was negative with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), but was positive with Iymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In vivo challenge test for Sho-saiko-to was positive. The LST with BALF-lymphocytes proved to be very useful in making a diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis.
Ionic Mechanism of Acupuncture on Improvement of Learning and Memory in Aged Mammals
Authors: Deng Q. S. , Fang Z. C. , Yin Y.
Published: November 2004

Memory impairment is one of the most frustrating problems for older people. Several acupoints were used for the treatment of memory loss in old rats, and the elemental mechanism of acupuncture therapy was studied with Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. The result indicates that acupuncture improves learning and memory ability significantly in aged animals when compared with controls. This study demonstrated that elevations of eight essential elements (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and P) in the brain are the ionic basis for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. A hypothetical model of the mechanism of acupuncture therapy is described.
Preventive Effect of Dai-saiko-to (Da-Chai-Hu-Tang) Extract on Disrupted Hepatic Active Oxygen Metabolism in Rats with Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Injury
Authors: Ohta Yoshiji , Sasaki Emi , Nishida Keiji , Kobayashi Takashi , Nagata Minoru , Ishiguro Isao
Published: November 2004

In order to clarify the preventive action of Dai-Saiko-to (Da-Chai-Hu-Tang) extract (TJ-8) on the progression of acute liver injury in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride ( CCl 4), we examined the effect of post-oral TJ-8 administration on hepatic active oxygen metabolism following the progression of this liver damage. When TJ-8 (1.0 g/kg body weight) was administered orally to male Wistar rats aged five weeks 2 hrs after i.p. injection of CCl 4 (1.0 ml/kg body weight), an apparent liver injury occurred. Significant prevention against the progression of liver injury was found at 24 hrs after injection, judging from the activities of serum transaminases, indexes of liver cell damage. Liver cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased 2 and 24 hrs after CCl 4 injection, while liver cytosolic catalase and glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) activities decreased 24 hrs after the injection. At 2 and 24 hrs after CCl 4 treatment, liver cytosolic Se-containing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity did not change and liver cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity increased. Post-oral TJ-8 administration significantly ameliorated decreases in liver SOD, catalase, and GSSG-R activities at 24 hrs after CCl 4 injection, but did not affect liver Se-GSH-px and increased liver G-6-PDH activities at 24 hrs after the injection. Although increased liver lipid peroxide level and decreased liver reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid levels were observed 2 and 24 hrs after CCl 4 injection, post-oral TJ-8 administration significantly prevented these changes found at 24 hrs after injection. These results indicate that post-oral TJ-8 administration can prevent the progression of acute liver injury in CCl 4-injected rats by inhibiting enhanced lipid peroxidation and by improving disrupted active oxygen metabolism in the injured liver.
Anti-inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Effects of Solanum alatum
Authors: Lin Chun-Ching , Lin Wei-Chih , Yang Shaw-Rong , Shieh Den-En
Published: November 2004

Solanum alatum aqueous extract was investigated on carrageenin-induced edema and on CCl 4-induced liver injury. The extract (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) exhibited both anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The effects were more prominent at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Histological changes such as necrosis, fatty changes, ballooning degeneration, and inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells around the central veins were concurrently improved by treatment with the S. alatum aqueous extract.
A Single-blind Investigation of Four Auricular Needle Puncture Configurations
Authors: Margolin Arthur , Avants S. Kelly , Chang Patrick , Birch Stephen , Kosten Thomas R.
Published: November 2004

In order to identify an appropriate needle puncture control for clinical trials of acupuncture we conducted a study in which ten cocaine dependent subjects rated local and systemic effects of four auricular needle puncture configurations (a) sites commonly used for addiction; (b) sites proximate to addiction specific sites; (c) sites not specific for cocaine addiction; and (d) sites in the helix. Subjects received one treatment per day on four successive days. The addiction specific sites were rated highest on local effects; proximal sites a common control were rated highest on systemic effects. A majority of patients ranked the addiction specific sites as the most preferred treatment and the helix points as the least preferred. Results suggest that needle insertion into proximate and non-specific sites may be too active for use as controls; helix regions may be more suitable.
The Anti-inflammatory and Anti-hyperuricemic Effects of Chinese Herbal Formula Danggui-Nian-Tong-Tang on Acute Gouty Arthritis: A Comparative Study with Indomethacin and Allopurinol
Authors: Chou Chung-Tei , Kuo Sheng-Chu
Published: November 2004

The traditional Chinese antirheumatic herb Danggui-Nian-Tong-Tang (DGNTT) was studied comparatively with indomethacin and allopurinol to evaluate its anti-inflammatory and antihyperuricemic effects in patients with gout. Results in this study did not show any significant improvement in reducing the total number of painful and swollen joints, articular index and pain score ( P > 0.05) by treatment with DGNTT. Unlike allopurinol, DGNTT did not lower the high serum level of uric acid. In vitro study in rats showed that DGNTT significantly inhibits the activity of β-glucuronidase ( P < 0.05) and lysozyme release ( P < 0.01) from neutrophils. In conclusion, despite the effect of inhibition on enzyme release from neutrophils, DGNTT is not effective in treating acute arthritis or hyperuricemia.