DETEKSI SECARA SEROLOGI DAN MOLEKULER BEBERAPA JENIS VIRUS YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN PENYAKIT MOSAIK TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)
Authors: MIFTAKHUROHMAH MIFTAKHUROHMAH , SUASTIKA GEDE , DAMAYANTI TRI ASMIRA 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Penyakit mosaik pada tanaman nilam disebabkan oleh beberapa<br />jenis virus, yaitu Potyvirus, Potexvirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),<br />dan Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk<br />mengidentifikasi secara serologi dan molekuler virus-virus yang<br />berasosiasi dengan gejala mosaik pada nilam di KP. Manoko, KP. Cicurug<br />dan lahan petani di Cijeruk. Sampel daun nilam baik yang menunjukkan<br />gejala mosaik atau pun tidak diambil dari setiap lokasi penanaman<br />masing–masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Kejadian penyakit ditentukan melalui<br />deteksi serologi dengan Direct-ELISA dan Indirect-ELISA terhadap sampel<br />menggunakan empat antiserum, yaitu CMV, Cymbidium mosaic virus<br />(CymMV), Potyvirus, dan BBWV2. Deteksi molekuler dengan RT-PCR<br />dilakukan untuk mengonfirmasi virus baru yang ditemukan. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala infeksi virus yang ditemukan pada<br />nilam bervariasi, yaitu mosaik lemah, mosaik kuning hijau, mosaik dengan<br />penebalan, mosaik dengan malformasi daun, dan bintik kuning. Secara<br />serologi, kejadian virus pada setiap kebun bervariasi. Di KP Manoko,<br />Potyvirus dan BBWV2 lebih dominan (100%) dibandingkan CymMV. Di<br />KP Cicurug, kejadian Potyvirus dan CMV terlihat lebih dominan (83,3 dan<br />80%) dibandingkan BBWV2 dan CymMV, sedangkan di Cijeruk, BBWV2<br />lebih dominan (90%) dari Potyvirus (50%) dan CMV (13,3%). Hasil RT-<br />PCR dengan primer degenerate BBWV, diidentifikasi BBWV2 pada<br />sampel daun nilam dari Manoko, Cicurug, dan Cijeruk, sedangkan dengan<br />primer general Potexvirus, diidentifikasi CymMV hanya dari sampel daun<br />nilam dari asal Manoko. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama<br />tentang BBWV2 dan CymMV pada tanaman nilam di Jawa Barat yang<br />mengindikasikan bahwa virus merupakan kendala utama pada perbenihan<br />nilam yang harus segera diatasi.<br />Kata kunci: BBWV2, CymMV, mosaik, Pogostemon cablin Benth, PCR</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Mosaic symptoms on patchouli plant are associated with several<br />viruses, i.e. Potyvirus, Potexvirus, CMV, and BBWV2. The objective of<br />the study was to detect virus(es) associated with mosaic symptoms on<br />patchouli at the the patchouli seed nurseries, in Manoko, Cicurug, and<br />Cijeruk. Thirty leaf samples either showing typical symptomatic mosaic or<br />asymptomatic were taken from each location. Serological testing by<br />Direct-ELISA and Indirect-ELISA using four antisera namely CMV,<br />Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), Potyvirus, and BBWV2 was carried<br />out to test the incidence of each virus. Molecular detection by RT-PCR was<br />performed to confirm the new virus(es). The results showed that symptoms<br />of virus infection were found vary, i.e. weak mosaic, green yellow mosaic,<br />mosaic with thickening, mosaic with leaf malformations, and yellow spot.<br />Based on the serological detection, virus(es) incidence varied at each seed<br />nurseries. In Manoko, Potyvirus, and BBWV2 were more dominant<br />(100%) compared with CymMV. In Cicurug, Potyvirus and CMV were<br />more dominat (83.3 and 80%) compared with BBWV2 and CymMV.<br />While in Cijeruk, BBWV2 was the most dominant (90%) than Potyvirus<br />(50%) and CMV(13.3%). Result of RT-PCR with degenerate primers pair<br />of BBWV was succesfully identified BBWV2 from Manoko, Cicurug, and<br />Cijeruk samples, whereas by using Potexvirus general primary, CymMV<br />was identified only from Manoko samples. BBWV2 and CymMV were<br />first reported to infect patchouli in West Java. The result indicate that<br />virus(es) are the major constraint on patchouli seed that should be<br />managed immediately.<br />Key words: BBWV2, CymMV, mosaic, Pogostemon cablin Benth, PCR</p>