bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regioselective allenylation and propargylation of various para-quinone methides using alkynyl azaarenes as pronucleophiles
Authors: Rayaroth Amritha , Elikkottil Afna , Mohan Jayakumari Chithra , Arayil Vennoli Kalyanakrishnan , Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy , Kaliyamoorthy Alagiri
Published: August 2022

We have developed Brønsted base-mediated regioselective allenylation and propargylation of various para-quinone methides using unfunctionalized 2-alkynyl azaarenes as pronucleophiles.
Construction of an aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescent sensor based on an aminal-linked covalent organic framework for sensitive detection of glutathione in human serum
Authors: Song Linlin , Gao Wenqiang , Han Qinru , Huang Yiping , Cui Lin , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: August 2022

We develop an aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescent sensor to sensitively detect glutathione in human serum.
SmI2-mediated intermolecular addition–elimination of piperidine and pyrrolidine N-α-radicals with arylacetylene sulfones
Authors: Liu Chang-Hong , Guo Jia-Ming , Li Xin , Sun Jian-Ting , Wei Bang-Guo , Si Chang-Mei
Published: August 2022

An efficient approach to access α-arylacetylene-substituted pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives has been developed through a samarium diiodide-mediated addition–elimination process of N-α-radicals with arylacetylene sulfones.
Multi-scale simulation of proton diffusion in dislocation cores in BaZrO3
Authors: Yue Shaofeng , Zhao Junqing , Sun Yi , Niu Hongwei , Li Huyang , Jing Yuhang , Aluru N. R.
Published: August 2022

A multiscale simulation program based on quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical was developed to reveal the diffusion properties of protons in edge dislocations in BaZrO3 perovskite oxides.
Neural-network-backed evolutionary search for SrTiO3(110) surface reconstructions
Authors: Wanzenböck Ralf , Arrigoni Marco , Bichelmaier Sebastian , Buchner Florian , Carrete Jesús , Madsen Georg K. H.
Published: August 2022

The covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) and a fully automatically differentiable, transferable neural-network force field are combined to explore TiOx overlayer structures on SrTiO3(110) 3×1, 4×1 and 5×1 surfaces.
A natural compound hyperoside targetsSalmonellaTyphimurium T3SS needle protein InvG
Authors: Zhang Yong , Liu Yan , Zhang Bo , Gao Longnv , Jie Jing , Deng Xuming , Liu Xiaoyun , Sun Dong , Song Lei , Luo Jingjing
Published: August 2022

After entry into the host cells,SalmonellaTyphimurium creates a replication niche using its Type III system (T3SS). Hyperoside targets InvG to inhibit T3SS translocation of S. Typhimurium, thus inhibiting its replication in host cells.
Size-dependent shape distributions of platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Ding Ruikang , Padilla Espinosa Ingrid M. , Loevlie Dennis , Azadehranjbar Soodabeh , Baker Andrew J. , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Martini Ashlie , Jacobs Tevis D. B.
Published: August 2022

Transmission electron microscopy revealed size-dependent shape distributions in platinum nanoparticles, which were consistent with trends observed by applying Boltzmann statistics to the energy computed with atomistic models.
Efficient adsorption of strontium by in situ electrochemical synthesis of monohydric phosphate intercalated layered double hydroxides
Authors: Yu Xian , Peng Shiming , Cao Wei , Huang Guangtuan
Published: August 2022

The synthesized precipitate is a monohydric phosphate intercalated zinc–aluminum layered double hydroxide, which can effectively adsorb Sr2+ in low-level liquid radioactive wastes.
Synthesis, optical properties and self-assemblies of three novel asymmetrical perylene diimides modified with functional hydrogen bonding groups at bay positions
Authors: Tao Jiayu , Xiao Yuchuan , Sun Lei , Liu Jian , Zeng Qingdao , Xu Haijun
Published: August 2022

Three new perylene diimides modified with functioned hydrogen bonding groups at bay positions were successfully prepared. Their optical properties and self-assemblies on HOPG were investigated.
Correction: Corrosion protection of aluminum alloy (AA2219-T6) using sulfonic acid-doped conducting polymer coatings
Authors: Kanwal Sehrish , Akhter Zareen , Ali Naveed Zafar , Hussain Rizwan , Qamar Samina
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Corrosion protection of aluminum alloy (AA2219-T6) using sulfonic acid-doped conducting polymer coatings’ by Sehrish Kanwal et al., New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 14557–14564, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ02219B.
Artificial intelligence in microbial natural product drug discovery: current and emerging role
Authors: Sahayasheela Vinodh J. , Lankadasari Manendra B. , Dan Vipin Mohan , Dastager Syed G. , Pandian Ganesh N. , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being widely recognized these days for natural product research. In this article, we highlight the importance of AI and its application in various stages of natural product identification and characterization.
Optical measurement of electron spins in quantum dots: quantum Zeno effects
Authors: Leppenen N. V. , Smirnov D. S.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate that the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects give the possibility to tune the electron spin relaxation time in quantum dots by changing the power of the probe laser light.
Mass-determining role in the electrophoretic separation of colloidal plasmonic nanoparticle oligomers
Authors: Cao An , Tan Jingyi , Liu Dilong , Chen Zhiming , Dou Liguang , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Yue
Published: August 2022

We ascertained that the mass property plays an essential role in the electrophoretic separation of plasmonic nanoparticle oligomers.
Growth vector elaboration of fragments: regioselective functionalization of 5-hydroxy-6-azaindazole and 3-hydroxy-2,6-naphthyridine
Authors: Eliandro da Silva Júnior Paulo , de Melo Shaiani Maria Gil , de Paula Murilo Helder , Vessecchi Ricardo , Opatz Till , Day James E. H. , Ganesan A. , da Silva Emery Flavio
Published: August 2022

The expansion of the fragment chemical space by accessing growth vectors of two “heteroaromatic rings of the future” with regioselective functionalization is reported.
Structural analysis of hyperbranched polyhydrocarbon synthesized by electrochemical polymerization
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Seo Jae Hong , Shin Eunhye , Joo Se Hun , Buyukcakir Onur , Jiang Yi , Kim Minhyeok , Nam Hyunju , Kwak Sang Kyu , Ruoff Rodney S.
Published: August 2022

Structure of a hyperbranched polyhydrocarbon obtained by electrochemical polymerization was analyzed by various NMR techniques and modeling. The calculated physical properties from its bulk model system well matched with experimental results.
Organic transformations in the confined space of porous organic cage CC2; catalysis or inhibition
Authors: Mukhtar Ayesha , Sarfaraz Sehrish , Ayub Khurshid
Published: August 2022

Porous organic cages have shape persistent cavities which provide a suitable platform for encapsulation of guest molecules with size suitably fitting to the cavity.
A novel dual-capability naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe for Fe3+ ion detection and lysosomal tracking in living cells
Authors: Li Xinran , Qin Wenwu
Published: August 2022

A newly prepared 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe, MNP, allows the detection of Fe3+ ions in aqueous medium and lysosomal tracking in living cells. MNP was used in situ for the imaging of lysosomes in HeLa cells, a new strategy for lysosome-related medical diagnosis.
Soft template-assisted copper-doped sodium dititanate nanosheet/graphene oxide heterostructure for photoreduction of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels
Authors: Lertthanaphol Napat , Prawiset Natthanicha , Soontornapaluk Pornpinun , Kitjanukit Nutkamol , Neamsung Wannisa , Pienutsa Natpichan , Chusri Kittapas , Sornsuchat Thirawit , Chanthara Prowpatchara , Phadungbut Poomiwat , Seeharaj Panpailin , Kim-Lohsoontorn Pattaraporn , Srinives Sira
Published: August 2022

The copper-doped sodium dititanate nanosheets/graphene oxide heterostructure (CTGN) was synthesized following a one-step hydrothermal process, exhibiting an outstanding photoactivity in converting CO2 to acetone, methanol, ethanol and i-propanol.
Highly active and stable surface structure for oxygen evolution reaction originating from balanced dissolution and strong connectivity in BaIrO3 solid solutions
Authors: Hirai Shigeto , Yagi Shunsuke , Oh He-Chan , Sato Yoshiki , Liu Wei , Liu En-Pei , Chen Wei-Tin , Miura Akira , Nagao Masanori , Ohno Tomoya , Matsuda Takeshi
Published: August 2022

We have prevented lattice collapse and developed an OER catalyst with both high activity and stability by slightly increasing Ir-dissolution and balancing the elemental dissolution in BaIr1−xMnxO3 for reconstructing the rigid catalytic surface.
Effects of coordinating heteroatoms on molecular structure, thermodynamic stability and redox behavior of uranyl(vi) complexes with pentadentate Schiff-base ligands
Authors: Takeyama Tomoyuki , Takao Koichiro
Published: August 2022

The U–X bond strength and thermodynamic stability of uranyl(vi) complexes with pentadentate N2O2X1-donating ligands (X = NH, O, S) are affected by the difference in X. In contrast, the X atom does not largely affect the redox behavior of the complexes.
A base-catalyzed approach for the anti-Markovnikov hydration of styrene derivatives
Authors: Pajk Spencer P. , Qi Zisong , Sujansky Stephen J. , Bandar Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2022

The base-catalyzed addition of 1-cyclopropylethanol to vinyl (hetero)arenes sequenced with an acidic reaction workup enables anti-Markovnikov hydration in a complementary fashion to traditional hydroboration/oxidation protocols.
A versatileo-aminoanilide linker for native chemical ligation
Authors: Sánchez-Campillo Iván , Miguel-Gracia Judit , Karamanis Periklis , Blanco-Canosa Juan B.
Published: August 2022

Peptide–(o-aminoanilides) prepared on a solid phase yield peptide–Nbz and peptide–Bt. Both undergo thioesterification in the presence of thiols, as well as selenoesterification in peptide–Bt. They are readily used in NCL for protein synthesis.
Electrochemical aptasensor for Salmonella detection using Nafion-doped reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Muniandy Shalini , Thong Kwai Lin , Appaturi Jimmy Nelson , Lai Chin Wei , Leo Bey Fen
Published: August 2022

A highly conductive nanocomposite composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–Nafion (Nf) was successfully prepared via a chemical reduction method in this study.
Multiscale nature of electric-field-induced structural formations in non-colloidal suspensions
Authors: Mirfendereski Siamak , Park Jae Sung
Published: August 2022

Non-colloidal suspensions undergoing dipolar interactions in an electric field, also known as electrorheological fluids, have been extensively studied for their macroscopic responses. This study explores the multiscale nature of such suspensions.
Modulation of lipid vesicle–membrane interactions by cholesterol
Authors: Chng Choon-Peng , Hsia K. Jimmy , Huang Changjin
Published: August 2022

Our systematic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that cholesterol modulates the interaction pathways between a lipid vesicle and a planar membrane by simultaneously regulating membrane stiffness and membrane fusion.
Influence of the solid fraction on the clogging by bridging of suspensions in constricted channels
Authors: Vani Nathan , Escudier Sacha , Sauret Alban
Published: August 2022

The flow of suspension often leads to clogging in confined systems. We characterize the influence of the solid fraction of particles and the constriction width on the probability of clogging by bridging and on the lifetime of a millifluidic channel.
Evaluation of polymorphism and charge transport in a BaO–CaO–Ta2O5 perovskite phase diagram using TOF-neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the bond-valence method and impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Kalpana , Yang Hua , Zhang Zheyu , Avdeev Maxim , Huq Ashfia , Wu Dong-Ying , Lee Jey-Jau , Kan Wang Hay , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: August 2022

In the present work, we develop a comprehensive functional phase diagram for the Ba–Ca–Ta–O quaternary system Ba3Ca1+xTa2−xO9−3x/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.36) between 1000 and 1550 °C, coupled with theoretical calculations of the cationic ordering in supercells.
Highly efficient layer-by-layer large-scale manufacturing of polymer solar cells with minimized device-to-device variations by employing benzothiadiazole-based solid additives
Authors: Oh Jiyeon , Jung Sungwoo , Kang So-Huei , Park Geunhyung , Jeong Mingyu , Kim Seoyoung , Lee Seunglok , Kim Wonjun , Lee Byongkyu , Lee Sang Myeon , Yang Changduk
Published: August 2022

Benzothiadiazole-based solid additives have been designed as morphology controllers leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency and reduced device-to-device variations in small- and large-areas single cells.
It takes two: advances in employing the interactions between black phosphorous and metals in various applications
Authors: Li Xingyun , Han Bin , Chen Xin , Li Xiaofeng , Weng Jian , Xu Qingchi , Xu Jun
Published: August 2022

The two-dimensional black phosphorus can interact with metal compounds to form BP–M composites, showing tailored properties. This review summarizes BP–Ms in different applications, revealing the challenges and prospects of this composite material.
Rapidly responsive liquid metal/polyimide photothermal actuators designed based on the bilayer structure difference in coefficient of thermal expansion
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Ding Xin , Du Yuhang , Xiao Chao , Wang Yanyan , Zheng Kang , Liu Xianglan , Chen Lin , Tian Xingyou , Zhang Xian
Published: August 2022

A photoactuator heats up locally and bends rapidly under a NIR laser, which can be used for light-controlled switch and bionics, such as imitating the creeping of caterpillars, the lifting of arms, and the swimming of fish.
Investigating the sequestration potential of a novel biopolymer-modified ceria/montmorillonite nanocomposite for chromium and coomassie brilliant blue from the aqueous phase: equilibrium and kinetic studies
Authors: Fakhar Nida , Khan Suhail Ayoub , Siddiqi Weqar Ahmad , Khan Tabrez Alam
Published: August 2022

This study involves the fabrication of a novel, sustainable, and economically viable adsorbent ceria/rice flour/montmorillonite nanocomposite (Ce-R-MMT) for the decontamination of Cr(vi) and Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) from the aquatic phase.
The Effects of Training Variability and Pitch Aptitude on the Overnight Consolidation of Lexical Tones
Authors: Qin Zhen , Jin Rui , Zhang Caicai
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Although variability of training materials has the potential to benefit the learning of lexical tones, the benefit is contingent on an individual's pitch aptitude. Previous studies did not segregate immediate learning and consolidation after an overnight interval, and little is known about how pitch aptitude differences affect consolidation. This study examined whether pitch aptitude predicts overnight consolidation of Cantonese level tones through high-variability (HV) and low-variability (LV) training.

Method:

Two groups of Mandarin-speaking participants were first assessed in terms of pitch threshold and tone discrimination, which tapped into different aspects of pitch aptitude. They then received Cantonese level tone identification training in either an HV or an LV condition. The participants were trained in the evening, were tested after training, and returned after 24 hr for overnight consolidation assessment.

Results:

The results indicate that pitch aptitude, measured through pitch threshold, may have predicted overnight consolidation and training progress of the HV group but not those of the LV group. In the HV group, compared with high-aptitude learners, low-aptitude learners benefited temporarily from training variability but did not consolidate the tonal knowledge as much as their high-aptitude counterparts did after 24 hr.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that individual learners had difficulty learning nonnative tones by virtue of memory consolidation. Higher pitch aptitude ability (pitch threshold) may provide protection against the decay of learned tones and facilitate tone consolidation. The findings imply that the early emergence of tonal representation is a dynamic process among individuals of nonnative speakers who are exposed to training variability.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20539998
A combined‐constraints‐based optimization methodology aimed at temperature balancing for radial layered encapsulation structure of bridge arm reactor
Authors: Hou Qixin , Li Qingmin , Zou Liang , Sun Yuxin , Liu Qingsong
Published: August 2022

Bridge arm reactor is widely used in voltage sourced converter based HVDC transmission projects, whose temperature distribution is the critical factor determining its operating life. However, the prevailing methods cannot effectively address the pending problem of excessive hot‐spot temperature. In this paper, a radial layered structure is proposed, and each encapsulation is layered according to the ‘Huke curve’, reducing the overall temperature rise and metal consumption of the reactor significantly. Further, a combined‐constraints‐based optimization (CCBO) methodology is proposed with combined advantages of the isothermal rise method and the equal resistance voltage method. A joint solution model for the electrothermal parameters of multiple encapsulations is established. The optimal parameters combination is obtained through iterations, and the temperature rise distribution tends to be balanced. The calculation example for an 800‐kV bridge arm reactor with the radial layered structure shows that the hot spot temperature rise is 33.9% lower than that of the traditional structure, and the metal consumption decreases by 61.5%. Through the CCBO methodology, the temperature difference among encapsulations reduces by 12.5% in comparison with the isothermal rise method. From this work, encapsulations’ temperature rise distribution and their metal consumption become balanced and less, which will improve the reactors’ operation reliability.
Vulnerability assessment of electrical and thermal cyber physical system considering dual coupling characteristics
Authors: Dong Shen , Zhou Buxiang , Zang Tianlei , Xiao Xianyong
Published: August 2022

With the continuous improvement of the informatization and intelligence of the Electrical and Thermal Cyber Physical System (ETCPS), the coupling between the various subsystems is getting closer and closer. When the system fails, due to the coupling characteristics, the system security risk is intensified. On this basis, the dual coupling characteristics of ETCPS have been analyzed according to the cyber physical model established first. Secondly, a two‐state optimal scheduling model and comprehensive vulnerability (CV) index, which consider various characteristics of ETCPS, are established, and interactions between the subsystems are analyzed quantitatively. Then, the source load loss rate is defined, which quantifies system security risk. Finally, five vulnerability assessment methods as well as the proposed method are compared. The feasibility and rationality of the proposed method are proved by two test systems.
Multi‐scale group‐fusion convolutional neural network for high‐resolution range profile target recognition
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wang Xiaodan , Lai Jie , Song Yafei , Li Rui , Lei Lei
Published: August 2022

Convolution neural networks (CNNs) represent one of the workhorses of artificial intelligence applications. As a typical artificial intelligence application, a high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) target recognition method based on CNNs has aroused a lot of research interest. Most CNNs use a relatively small and single‐scale convolution kernel size to control the number of parameters and computational complexity, but recent studies indicate that CNNs with a small kernel size cannot extract enough spatial information, which hurts the recognition performance. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a multi‐scale group‐fusion one‐dimensional convolution neural network (MSGF‐1D‐CNN) for HRRP target recognition. MSGF‐1D‐CNN utilises multi‐scale group one‐dimensional convolution (MSG 1D‐Conv) and point‐wise convolution (PW‐Conv) to replace the standard convolution. Multi‐scale group one‐dimensional convolution can significantly reduce complexity and capture the information of targets within HRRP in different levels of detail to enhance feature extraction, while PW‐Conv can realise the fusion of multi‐scale features to help boosting recognition performance. Experiments on five mid‐course ballistic targets in the HRRP dataset show that MSGF‐1D‐CNN has superior recognition performance, and the parameter number of the model is reduced by more than 2.4 times than standard 1D‐CNN. Furthermore, MSGF‐1D‐CNN shows better performance on fine‐grained HRRP target recognition and anti‐noise robustness in most cases.
Spiral arms in broad-line regions of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Wang Jian-Min , Du Pu , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Li Yan-Rong
Published: August 2022

As a major feature of the spectra of active galactic nuclei, broad emission lines deliver information on the kinematics and spatial distributions of ionized gas located in the so-called broad-line regions (BLRs) surrounding the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). There is growing evidence for the appearance of spiral arms in BLRs. It has been shown through reverberation mapping (RM) campaigns that the characterized radius of BLRs overlaps with that of self-gravitating regions of accretion disks. In the framework of the WKB approximation, we show robust properties of observational features of the spiral arms. The resulting spiral arms lead to the characterization of various profiles of the broad emission line. We calculated the RM and differential interferometric features of BLRs withm = 1 mode spiral arms. These features can be detected with high-quality RM and differential interferometric observations via such instruments as GRAVITY on board the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). The WKB approximation will be relaxed and universalized in the future to explore more general cases of density wave signals in RM campaigns and differential spectroastrometric observations.
Existence of tidal tails for the globular cluster NGC 5824
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhao Jing-Kun , Ishigaki Miho N. , Chiba Masashi , Yang Cheng-Qun , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Ye Xian-Hao , Zhao Gang
Published: August 2022

Context. Several dynamically cold streams have been associated with certain globular clusters (GCs) based on orbital energies and angular momenta. Some of these streams are surprisingly far apart from their progenitors and one such pair is Triangulum and NGC 5824. Triangulum can be considered as a piece of the leading tail of NGC 5824 since the cluster’s future orbit matches well with the stream’s track. The existence of the leading tail of NGC 5824 is the motivation behind the search for its trailing tail.

Aims. Our goal is to confirm the connection between Triangulum and NGC 5824. We also search for the trailing tail of the cluster.

Methods. The selection of member stars of Triangulum is made through various cuts in metallicity, proper motions (PMs), radial velocity and a color–magnitude diagram (CMD). The selected members are compared in phase space to a mock stream that models the disruption of NGC 5824. We then try to detect the trailing tail of the cluster based on a modified matched-filter technique. Stars are assigned weights using their color differences from the cluster’s locus in the CMD. These weights are further scaled, based on the stars’ departures from expected PMs of the model stream.

Results. A total of 26 member stars for Triangulum are obtained, 16 of which are newly identified. These members are consistent with the mock stream in the phase space, and their metalicity and position on the CMD are in good agreement with NGC 5824. By applying the matched filter, a tenuous trailing tail of the cluster is detected, spanning ∼50° long on sky. The signature matches well with the mock stream’s trajectory.

Conclusions. Our results support that the Triangulum stream acts as a part of the leading tail for NGC 5824. On the trailing side, we detected a 50° tail extending from the cluster. The existence of both leading and trailing tails for the GC NGC 5824 is verified.
Broadband spectroscopy of astrophysical ice analogues
Authors: Gavdush A. A. , Kruczkiewicz F. , Giuliano B. M. , Müller B. , Komandin G. A. , Grassi T. , Theulé P. , Zaytsev K. I. , Ivlev A. V. , Caselli P.
Published: August 2022

Context. Broadband optical constants of astrophysical ice analogues in the infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) ranges are required for modeling the dust continuum emission and radiative transfer in dense and cold regions, where thick icy mantles are formed on the surface of dust grains. Such data are still missing from the literature, which can be attributed to the lack of appropriate spectroscopic systems and methods for laboratory studies.

Aims. In this paper, the THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) and the Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) are combined to study optical constants of CO and CO2 ices in the broad THz-IR spectral range.

Methods. The measured ices were grown at cryogenic temperatures by gas deposition on a cold silicon window. We developed a method to quantify the broadband THz-IR optical constants of ices, based on the direct reconstruction of the complex refractive index of ices in the THz range from the TDS data and the use of the Kramers-Kronig relation in the IR range for the reconstruction from the FTIR data. Uncertainties introduced by the Kramers-Kronig relations were eliminated by merging the THz and IR spectra. Finally, the reconstructed THz-IR response was analyzed using classical models of complex dielectric permittivity.

Results. The complex refractive index of CO and CO2 ices deposited at the temperature of 28 K was obtained in the range of 0.312.0 THz and fitted using the analytical Lorentz model. Based on the measured dielectric constants, opacities of the astrophysical dust with CO and CO2 icy mantles were computed.

Conclusions. The method developed in this work can be used for a model-independent reconstructions of optical constants of various astrophysical ice analogs in a broad THz-IR range. Such data can provide important benchmarks for interpreting broadband observations from existing and future ground-based facilities and space telescopes. The reported results will be useful in modeling sources that exhibit a drastic molecular freeze-out, such as the central regions of prestellar cores and mid-planes of protoplanetary disks, as well as CO and CO2 snow lines in disks.
Impact of Population III homogeneous stellar evolution on early cosmic reionisation
Authors: Sibony Y. , Liu B. , Simmonds C. , Meynet G. , Bromm V.
Published: August 2022

Context. Population III (Pop III) stars may be fast rotating. An expected consequence of fast rotation is strong internal mixing that deeply affects their evolutionary tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and hence their ionising power.

Aims. We investigate the impact on the ionising power of Pop III stars in an extreme case of internal mixing, the one leading to chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE). In that situation, during the main sequence phase, the star keeps the same chemical composition from its centre to its surface. Homogeneous stars have larger effective temperatures and luminosities than stars evolving non-homogeneously and thus are stronger ionising sources.

Methods. The stellar evolution models are based on n = 3 polytropes with a time-varying mass fraction of hydrogen. The ionisation model employs the self-similar champagne flow solution from Shu et al. (2002, ApJ, 580, 969) and numerical simulations for the stochastic treatment of star clusters over a grid of redshifts and halo masses.

Results. We find that haloes containing chemically homogeneous stars have an escape fraction of ionising photons up to twice that of haloes containing classical Pop III stars. By extrapolating the high-z ionisation history powered by Pop III stars (at z ≳ 15) to the post-reionisation epoch, we derived the Thomson scattering optical depth τ, which is compared with the value measured by Planck. We find that τ is overproduced by ∼1.5 − 5σ when all Pop III stars evolve homogeneously. This indicates that CHE is unlikely to be realised in the majority of Pop III stars, although the present study cannot exclude that a fraction of them undergo CHE.

Conclusions. Fast rotation might have a significant impact on the ionising budget of Pop III stars and thus on early cosmic reionisation. The impact is stronger for less top-heavy initial mass functions of Pop III stars.
Images and photon ring signatures of thick disks around black holes
Authors: Vincent F. H. , Gralla S. E. , Lupsasca A. , Wielgus M.
Published: August 2022

Context. High-frequency very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations can now resolve the event-horizon-scale emission from sources in the immediate vicinity of nearby supermassive black holes. Future space-VLBI observations will access highly lensed features of black hole images – photon rings – that will provide particularly sharp probes of strong-field gravity.

Aims. Focusing on the particular case of the supermassive black hole M 87*, our goal is to explore a wide variety of accretion flows onto a Kerr black hole and to understand their corresponding images and visibilities. We are particularly interested in the visibility on baselines to space, which encodes the photon ring shape and whose measurement could provide a stringent test of the Kerr hypothesis.

Methods. We developed a fully analytical model of stationary, axisymmetric accretion flows with a variable disk thickness and a matter four-velocity that can smoothly interpolate between purely azimuthal rotation and purely radial infall. To determine the observational appearance of such flows, we numerically integrated the general-relativistic radiative transfer equation in the Kerr spacetime, taking care to include the effects of thermal synchrotron emission and absorption. We then Fourier transformed the resulting images and analyzed their visibility amplitudes along the directions parallel and orthogonal to the black hole spin projected on the observer sky.

Results. Our images generically display a wedding cake structure composed of discrete, narrow photon rings (n = 1, 2, …) stacked on top of broader primary emission that surrounds a central brightness depression of model-dependent size. At 230 GHz, the n = 1 ring is always visible, but the n = 2 ring is sometimes suppressed due to absorption. At 345 GHz, the medium is optically thinner and the n = 2 ring displays clear signatures in both the image and visibility domains. We also examine the thermal synchrotron emissivity in the equatorial plane and show that it exhibits an exponential dependence on the radius for the preferred M 87* parameters.

Conclusions. The black hole shadow is a model-dependent phenomenon – even for diffuse, optically thin sources – and should not be regarded as a generic prediction of general relativity. Observations at 345 GHz are promising for future space-VLBI measurements of the photon ring shape, since at this frequency the signal of the n = 2 ring persists despite the disk thickness and nonzero absorption featured in our models. Future work is needed to investigate whether this conclusion holds in a larger variety of reasonable models.
Propagation of transverse waves in the solar chromosphere probed at different heights with ALMA sub-bands
Authors: Guevara Gómez Juan Camilo , Jafarzadeh Shahin , Wedemeyer Sven , Szydlarski Mikolaj
Published: August 2022

The Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) has provided us with an excellent diagnostic tool for studies of the dynamics of the Solar chromosphere, albeit through a single receiver band at one time presently. Each ALMA band consists of four sub-bands that are comprised of several spectral channels. To date, however, the spectral domain has been neglected in favour of ensuring optimal imaging, so that time-series observations have been mostly limited to full-band data products, thereby limiting studies to a single chromospheric layer. Here, we report the first observations of a dynamical event (i.e., wave propagation) for which the ALMA Band 3 data (centred at 3 mm; 100 GHz) is split into a lower and an upper sideband. In principle, this approach is aimed at mapping slightly different layers in the Solar atmosphere. The side-band data were reduced together with the Solar ALMA Pipeline (SoAP), resulting in time series of brightness-temperature maps for each side-band. Through a phase analysis of a magnetically quiet region, where purely acoustic waves are expected to dominate, the average height difference between the two side-bands is estimated as 73 ± 16 km. Furthermore, we examined the propagation of transverse waves in small-scale bright structures by means of wavelet phase analysis between oscillations at the two atmospheric heights. We find 6% of the waves to be standing, while 54% and 46% of the remaining waves are propagating upwards and downwards, respectively, with absolute propagating speeds on the order of ≈96 km s−1, resulting in a mean energy flux of 3800 W m2.
Presence and properties of acoustic peaks near the nozzle of impinging rocket jets
Authors: Varé Mathieu , Bogey Christophe
Published: August 2022

The presence and properties of acoustic peaks near the nozzle of impinging rocket jets have been investigated. Four jets at a Mach number of 3.1 impinging on a plate at a distance L = 15r0, 20r0, 25r0 and 30r0 from the nozzle, where r0 is the nozzle radius, have been computed using large-eddy simulations. In all cases, upstream-travelling pressure waves are generated by the jet impingement on the plate, with amplitudes decreasing with the nozzle-to-plate distance. The near-nozzle pressure spectra contain peaks, at frequencies not varying much with this distance. For L ≥ 20r0, the spectra are dominated by a low-frequency peak, whereas two additional high-frequency peaks emerge for L = 15r0. The low-frequency peak is associated with the azimuthal mode nθ = 0, whereas the two other ones are due to strong components for modes nθ ≥ 1. As for near-nozzle tones for free and impinging jets at lower Mach numbers, the peak frequencies fall close to the frequency bands of the upstream-propagating guided jet waves, showing a link between the peaks and the latter waves. Regarding the peak levels, they do not change significantly with the nozzle-to-plate distance for the low-frequency peak, but they decrease by 1.5 to 18 dB as the distance increases for the other peaks. Finally, for L ≥ 20r0, the near-nozzle peak frequency is close to that of the strongest shear-layer structures, indicating a connexion between the upstream noise and these structures. For L = 15r0, a shock-leakage mechanism of a near-plate shock is found to generate the upstream noise.
Interactions among Rhizosphere Microorganisms, Mechanisms and Potential Application in Phytoremediation
Authors: Feng Yuming
Published: August 2022

Numerous bacteria, archaea, algae and fungi, accumulated in the root systems of plants, constitute complex plant rhizosphere microbial communities. They have been proved to emerge striking importance in the communication between plant and environment, and shows promising in environmental governance. In this background, this paper briefly introduces the basic interaction mechanisms of rhizosphere microbial community, and further discusses the applications and prospects of this kind of community interaction in environmental bioremediation. On this basis, an idea of constructing a microbe-loading platform based on synthetic biology and its applications in comprehensive ecological remediation is advanced.
STT-MRAM in Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy: Recent Overview and Outlook
Authors: Liu Sicheng
Published: August 2022

STT-MRAM is a kind of magnetic memory based on spin-transfer torque with advantages such as non-volatility, fast access, etc. This article first gives a general introduction to its background, followed by the principle structure of its basic cell, and introduces some recent advances after 2017 (especially about perpendicular magnetic anisotropy). It is divided into three areas: (1) the properties of the material itself, with more in-depth use of material properties (2) structural optimization (3) improvements in regulation. Finally, the paper briefly mentions the latest technologies in industry and gives a certain outlook, that STTMRAM has great advantages in combating harsh environments due to its non-volatile nature, and can be used in a wide range of military and aerospace applications.
Congenital Hepatopulmonary Fusion
Authors: Rocha Gustavo M. D.
Published: August 2022

Congenital hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF) is a rare anomaly characterized by a fusion between the liver and lung parenchyma. HPF cases have been scarcely reported in the literature. An extensive search of publications was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases without a time limit. In total, 34 clinical case reports were found in the literature, and a study by the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Study Group reported data on 10 patients with HPF. Of these 44 infants, 20 were male, 20 were female, and four were reported without gender specification. Nineteen (43.2%) patients required intubation on the first day of life. Six (13.6%) patients had their clinical presentation during the first year of life, and four (9%) clinically presented with HPF between 2.5 and 11 years of age. In these patients, cough, asthma-like symptoms, dyspnea, hemoptysis, right-side chest pain, respiratory infections, and pneumonia were the relevant clinical signs. Right-lung vascular anomalies were present in 18 (40.9%) patients. A complete liver and lung separation was successful in 17 (38.6%) patients. The overall survival was 56.8%. Congenital HPF has no gender predominance. In most cases, it behaves similar to a right CDH in need of resuscitation and intubation after birth. The majority of the cases are discovered during the surgical procedure for CDH. The best surgical approach has not been established and depends on the degree of fusion and vascular anomalies. An advanced imaging assessment is necessary before a surgical approach is attempted. The prognosis is ominous.
Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Two Patients with Intracranial Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma and a Brief Literature Review
Authors: Abdallah Anas
Published: August 2022

Objective Intracranial extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (IEMCs) are malignant aggressive neoplasms. IEMCs originate from the meninges or parenchyma. In the current study, we aimed to figure out the importance of gross total resection (GTR) and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) by evaluating all reported IEMCs through the literature that included our two patients.

Methods and Methods We presented two IEMC patients who were treated at our institutions and followed up for a long duration. To understand the appropriate management for IEMC, we conducted a systematic literature review for previously reported series and cases of IEMCs.

Results We surgically treated two young males with IEMC initially diagnosed at their age of 18 and 20 years. The patients were initially treated with GTR and GTR followed by RT, and followed-up for 218 and 73 months, respectively. Through both the patients, we obtained 83 reported IEMC patients from the literature. The mean age of the reported cases was 24.5 ± 16.0 years (2 months–71 years). Female predominance was 54.2%. The mean progression-free and overall survivals were 27.9 and 39.0 months, respectively. The progressiveness rate was 56%. The presence of progressiveness was a poor prognostic factor (p = 0.0008). GTR was achieved in 53.0% of the patients. There was a significant difference between patients who received GTR compared with those who did not receive GTR (p = 0.035).

Conclusion Regarding their malignancy and progressiveness, we recommended the maximal surgical resection with wide margins followed by RT as appropriate management for IEMCs with close follow-up. The timely treatment provides high life quality and avoids life-threatening complications.
The Relationship between Food Security and Gestational Diabetes among Pregnant Women
Authors: Cooper Shontreal , Graham Maura , Kuo Chia-Ling , Khangura Raminder , Schmidt Adrienne , Bakaysa Stephanie
Published: August 2022

The objective were to: (1) evaluate associations between food security and women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and (2) evaluate if women in food insecure (FI) households had adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This was an observational study from October 2018 until September 2019. Postpartum resident clinic patients who delivered term, singleton infant at 37 weeks' or longer gestation were screened. Participants completed a survey using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (US HFSSM). Survey responses were classified as: food secure (FS) and FI (marginal, low, very low FS). The primary outcome was GDM. Our secondary outcome was neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions for hypoglycemia. We evaluated the rate of GDM in FS and FI groups. Demographic data included: prepregnancy body mass index, total weight gain during pregnancy, birth weight, and mode of delivery. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between food insecurity and GDM. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were 150 patients screened to participate; of these, 70 patients were enrolled (36 GDM and 34 without GDM [NGDM]). More patients in FI households, 71% (n = 17), were diagnosed with GDM, compared with 33% (n = 15) in the FS (FS) households (adjusted odds ratio 7.05; p < 0.01). Of patients who reported FI, 50% (n = 12) were black, 46% (n = 11) Hispanic, and 4% (n = 1) Caucasian, compared with 13% (n = 6) black, 30% (n = 14) Hispanic, and 57% (n = 26) Caucasian in patients who reported FS (p < 0.001). Although not significant, 25% (n = 6) of neonates from an FI household had an NICU admission for hypoglycemia compared with 7% (n = 3) from an FS household (p = 0.054). Pregnant women with GDM are more likely to experience FI than those with NGDM. Infants of mothers in FI households also had increased rates of NICU admission for hypoglycemia.
Impact of Concurrent Chronic Rhinosinusitis on Complication Rates after Endonasal Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Albaharna Hussain , Alqurashi Ashwag , Alshareef Mohammad , Alromaih Saud , Alrasheed Abdulaziz S. , Alroqi Ahmad , Ajlan Abdulrazag , Alsaleh Saad
Published: August 2022

Objectives Preoperative planning of endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is essential. The safety of performing surgery before managing sinus pathologies including concurrent chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients undergoing ESBS has been questioned. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the complication rates between patients with and without CRS undergoing ESBS.

Design This is a retrospective study.

Setting Present study was conducted at tertiary referral center.

Participants We included all patients who underwent ESBS between March 2015 and March 2021. However, patients who had surgical revision for remnant tumor, primary sinonasal tumor excision, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage repair were excluded. The presence of concurrent CRS was determined according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 (EPOS 2020) criteria by reviewing electronic charts about the preoperative clinical assessment and CT scan images of the paranasal sinuses. Then, the incidence rates of postoperative meningitis, CSF leakage, and surgical site infection were compared between patients with and without concurrent CRS undergoing ESBS.

Main Outcome Measures Postoperative complication rates in patients underwent ESBS with and without CRS.

Results From a total of 130 ESBS cases, 99 patients were included in this study. Among them, 24 had concurrent CRS. One patient presented with postoperative meningitis, one with CSF leakage, and two with surgical site infections. The incidence rate of postoperative meningitis, CSF leakage, and surgical site infection did not significantly differ between patients with and without concurrent CRS.

Conclusion Concurrent CRS is not a contraindication for ESBS. Moreover, simultaneous endoscopic sinus surgery can safely be performed without additional morbidity in ESBS.
Negotiating the ethical-political dimensions of research methods: a key competency in mixed methods, inter- and transdisciplinary, and co-production research
Authors: West Simon , Schill Caroline
Published: August 2022

Methods are often thought of as neutral tools that researchers can pick up and use to learn about a reality ‘out there.’ Motivated by growing recognition of complexity, there have been widespread calls to mix methods, both within and across disciplines, to generate richer scientific understandings and more effective policy interventions. However, bringing methods together often reveals their tacit, inherently contestable, and sometimes directly opposing assumptions about reality and how it can and should be known. There are consequently growing efforts to identify the competencies necessary to work with multiple methods effectively. We identify the ability to recognise and negotiate the ethical-political dimensions of research methods as a key competency in mixed methods, inter- and transdisciplinary, and co-production research, particularly for researchers addressing societal challenges in fields like environment, health and education. We describe these ethical-political dimensions by drawing on our experiences developing an ethics application for a transdisciplinary sustainability science project that brings together the photovoice method and controlled behavioural experiments. The first dimension is that different methods and methodological approaches generate their own ethical standards guiding interactions between researchers and participants that may contradict each other. The second is that these differing ethical standards are directly linked to the variable effects that methods have in wider society (both in terms of their enactment in the moment and the knowledge generated), raising more political questions about the kinds of realities that researchers are contributing to through their chosen methods. We identify the practices that helped us—as two researchers using different methodological approaches—to productively explore these dimensions and enrich our collaborative work. We conclude with pointers for evaluating the ethical-political rigour of mixed methods, inter- and transdisciplinary, and co-production research, and discuss how such rigour might be supported in research projects, graduate training programmes and research organisations.
Microfluidic labyrinth device separates particles and cells
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: August 2022

U-shaped turns induce complex flows that affect inertial, size-based focusing.
Bose–Einstein condensation on hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Lemm Marius , Siebert Oliver
Published: August 2022

A well-known conjecture in mathematical physics asserts that the interacting Bose gas exhibits Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in the thermodynamic limit. We consider the Bose gas on certain hyperbolic spaces. In this setting, one obtains a short proof of BEC in the infinite-volume limit from the existence of a volume-independent spectral gap of the Laplacian.