bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGES OF DIAGNOSING NECROTIZING SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia, Алимов И. А. , Петров В. Г. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia, Кручинин Е. В. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia, Алимов А. И. ,   Tyumen Hospital, West-Siberian Medical Center of Federal Life Sciences Agency, Tyumen, Russia
Published: April 2024

The article presents a case of diagnosing and treatment of a patient with necrotizing soft tissue infection of the right upper limb with immunodeficiency on HIV infection that progressed to AIDS stage. No typical clinical and laboratory indicators in patients with compromised immunity being found at the consultation may result in late diagnosis and delayed proper treatment, as well as in rapidly progressing soft tissue necrosis. All of this substantiates the severity of such patients’ condition and their high mortality rate. Medical officers should be aware of these features in order to attentively provide medical care to patients suffering from soft tissue infections that require surgical interventions.
A MODERN LOOK AT TRADITIONAL MARKERS IN SEPSIS
Authors:   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia, Наумова Л. А. , Яллыев М. Б. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia
Published: April 2024

The study aims to examine modern views of common sepsis markers, new data on their pathophysiological role and significance in determining the severity, efficacy of care, and prognosis of sepsis. The literature was searched for in such information sources as CyberLeninka, PubMed, Nature Pathology, MEDLINE, and PLOS ONE. The search depth was primarily 7–10 years and included only fundamental publications. The keywords sed in the study are markers of inflammation and cellular damage, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and sepsis. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological significance of widely available in clinical practice biomarkers of many diseases, including sepsis, such as lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein, is made possible by the results of numerous recently published research on these markers. The data obtained may provide diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic significance. At the same time, there is no unambiguous opinion on and understanding of certain markers both in the early diagnosis of sepsis and in the assessment of the severity of its course and prognosis. The absence of differentiated research approaches used for various isoforms of C-reactive protein and the accessibility of modern highly sensitive methods for determining the markers’ level to widespread use are the partial reasons for that, which results in controversial findings about their significance. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein can portray important processes in a patient’s organism, including those unavailable for assessment via other methods. Therefore, they can help in decision-making in the clinical process, particularly in selecting an adequate and timely antibacterial therapy. The literature data also suggests that more research into the pathophysiologic role of these biomarkers in sepsis and other human diseases using highly sensitive methods is required.
THE IDEA OF THE FIRST GRAMMAR SCHOOL FOUNDATION IN SURGUT IN 1990–1991 UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE CITY CRISIS AND THE CRISIS OF THE SOVIET STATEHOOD
Authors:   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia, Кирилюк Д. В.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the history of foundation of the first Surgut grammar school in 1990– 1991 using historical and genetic methods, as well as the method of discourse analysis. The author has stated the idea that through the example of public discussion, which took place in the city of Surgut concerning the first grammar school foundation, one can see the features of two independent crises: the city crisis and the crisis of the Soviet statehood. Their combined effect determined the immediacy, contents and results of the discussion. The research is based on materials of Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk and Tyumen archives as well as the articles published in newspaper “Surgutskaia tribuna” at that time.
Astronomía esférica
Authors: Fernández Laura Isabel , De Biasi María Silvina , Elía Gonzalo Carlos de
Published: April 2024

Esta obra introduce la Astrometría a los estudiantes de grado en el inicio de su carrera. Con este objetivo, compilamos, resumimos y adaptamos material didáctico desde numerosas fuentes que incluyen desde libros de texto hasta artículos científicos, notas técnicas y resoluciones originadas por organizaciones científicas internacionales. Este texto es también una fuente de información para profesionales de disciplinas afines involucrados en el uso de los sistemas de referencia celestes, terrestres y las escalas de tiempo.
Evaluación curricular de una carrera profesional en educación superior universitaria
Authors: Carrillo-Cayllahua Javier , Cóndor-Salvatierra Edwin , Oré-Rojas Juan , Gonzales-Castro Abel
Published: April 2024

En el contexto actual, los cambios permanentes que se manifiestan en el campo de la educación superior requieren de una evaluación curricular sistemática para una mejora continua del proceso formativo. El libro es una extensión de un artículo científico publicado, cuyo objetivo fue determinar las principales características internas del currículo de una carrera profesional universitaria de educación en Perú, analizando la estructura y organización del plan curricular, y el rendimiento académico y la permanencia de los estudiantes. El currículo tiene varias acepciones a partir de las cuales se abordan la problemática curricular. El currículo como plan presenta un conjunto de elementos en base a los cuales se diseñó el instrumento de evaluación. Los resultados de evaluación del plan curricular indican un nivel deficiente (1.6), esto es, sus elementos tienen limitaciones, mientras que los resultados que corresponden al rendimiento académico de los estudiantes están en el nivel regular (12.6), y finalmente, los estudiantes tienen un porcentaje de permanencia del 56.5%, que indica una alta tasa de deserción estudiantil. Por lo tanto, se ha identificado entre las principales características internas del currículo de una carrera universitaria, que el plan curricular es deficiente ya que carece en muchos casos de los componentes curriculares y en otros no están definidos con precisión, asimismo los estudiantes presentan en promedio un rendimiento académico de nivel regular y una tasa de permanencia que se equipara con una alta deserción estudiantil. Por lo que se recomienda la actualización e innovación del plan curricular de la carrera acorde a las necesidades del contexto actual, así como la puesta en práctica de acciones para la mejora del rendimiento académico y la permanencia estudiantil.
Hostigamiento sexual en el contexto universitario
Authors: Hoces Zeida , Chavez-Cunti Nicole
Published: April 2024

El acoso sexual representa una forma de violencia que se manifiesta mediante comportamientos de naturaleza sexual, causando daños significativos en la vida emocional y mental de las personas. Este fenómeno se ha convertido en un grave problema en las universidades, por lo que es crucial que la comunidad educativa se comprometa activamente en su eliminación. El libro presenta una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de hostigamiento o acoso sexual en los estudiantes de una universidad pública en Huancavelica – Perú. Se realizó una encuesta aplicando el instrumento de Bardales y Ortiz (2012) Entre las páginas se presentan los antecedentes teóricos y la evolución histórica del hostigamiento como problema que aqueja a nuestra sociedad. El estudio permitió identificar una alta percepción de sucesos de hostigamiento en la universidad, especialmente en las carreras vinculadas a las ciencias y humanidades, tanto varones como mujeres fueron víctimas de acoso lo que representa un peligro a su integridad física y moral. Los sucesos más comunes son los comentarios sexuales, comentarios sobre alguna parte de su cuerpo, correos electrónicos y mensajes de texto hostigadores, y en menor medida el contacto físico (tocamientos). Se concluyó además que existe un constructo social entre la comunidad educativa, asociando la causa del problema a las “provocaciones” de la víctima. Las mujeres se ven más afectadas en el aspecto emocional desencadenando diversos trastornos como depresión, ansiedad y estrés post traumático. Finalmente, es importante que las universidades e instituciones educativas fomenten políticas instructivas y que se condenen los hechos evitando represalias contra las víctimas, y evitando la “normalización” de estos sucesos.
Trends in the antihypertensive drugs consumption in the population of several regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Blinkova Polina R. , Petrukhina Irina K. , Lebedev Petr A. , Ryazanova Tatyana K. , Gladunova Elena P.
Published: April 2024

Aim – to study the consumption patterns for antihypertensives in the population of individual regions of the Russian Federation (using the example of Moscow and St. Petersburg).
Material and methods. The raw data was collected using the following methods: content analysis, structural, comparative, logical, systemic, predictive, retrospective, graphic and marketing analysis. The results were normalized and processed using methods of mathematical statistics. The research focused on statistics for the range of antihypertensive drugs sold in the retail sector of the pharmaceutical market in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Results. Moscow and St. Petersburg presented a wide range of drugs sold for treatment of arterial hypertension. Single active ingredient drugs predominated in the sales structure of both regions (Moscow – 90.08%; St. Petersburg – 85.64%). The consumption leaders among single active ingredient drugs were: ACE inhibitors (26.62%) in Moscow, and β-blockers (25.67%) in St. Petersburg. Among the fixed-dose combination drugs, the ACE inhibitors in combination with diuretics were leading in both regions, accounting for 3.54% and 5.15% in the structure of sales in Moscow and St. Petersburg, respectively. The most popular single active ingredient drugs and fixed-dose combination drugs for treating hypertension were rated. Several correlations were identified using mathematical and statistical analysis.
Conclusion. We have identified the most consumed classes of antihypertensives and INNs. We have described the relationship between the sales volumes of drugs prescribed for arterial hypertension (packages), the population size and the incidence of CSD in the studied regions.
Wu Sangui (Usanqueius) – dowódca i buntownik na kartach Historiae Sinarum Imperii Tomasza Szpota Dunina
Authors: Nowakowski Paweł F.
Published: April 2024

Tomasz Ignacy Szpot Dunin SJ w swoim dziele poświęconym historii Chin nie ominął postaw znaczących chińskich dowódców w okresie przełomu historycznego, jakim był upadek dynastii Ming i jej zastąpienie przez mandżurską dynastię Qing. Jednym z nich był Wu Sangui, który początkowo wspierał Mingów w walce z zewnętrznymi i wewnętrznymi wrogami, by w kluczowym momencie przyczynić się do powodzenia najazdu mandżurskiego, a po niemal trzech dekadach działania pod zwierzchnością nowej dynastii wypowiedzieć jej posłuszeństwo i stanąć na czele tzw. Rebelii Trzech Lenników. Sprawa ta była znana w Europie i stała się nawet przedmiotem zainteresowania literackiego w XVIII w. Szpot Dunin nie poddaje się w swoim opisie skrajnym tendencjom, umiejętnie rozważa okoliczności decyzji i przedstawia zniuansowany, ale jednocześnie wyrazisty obraz postaci Wu Sangui, jego zamiarów i niepowodzeń.
Fryderyk Kazimierz Wolff SJ (1643–1708) i Tomasz Dunin Szpot SJ (1644–1713) – polscy jezuici jako pośrednicy kulturowi w czasach poselstwa cara Piotra I do Europy (1697–1698)
Authors: Malinowski Gościwit
Published: April 2024

Wielkie poselstwo cara Piotra I Aleksiejewicza Romanowa, czyli podróż dyplomatyczna do Europy Zachodniej, miało miejsce między 9/10 marca 1697 r. a 25 sierpnia 1698 r. Towarzyszyła mu szeroko zakrojona aktywność innych moskiewskich dyplomatów, jak np. Borysa Szeremietiewa. Już w marcu 1698 r. odwiedził Wiedeń, gdzie otrzymał listy polecające do Fryderyka Kazimierza Wolffa SJ, cesarskiego dyplomaty, wywodzącego się z Rzeczypospolitej, a konkretnie z senatorskiego rodu z województwa inflanckiego. Ojciec Wolff zalecał przyjęcie w Rzymie Szeremietiewa, rzekomo skłonnego do unii, przez jakiegoś jezuitę znającego język słowiański. W ten sposób skrzyżowały się drogi moskiewskiego dyplomaty z ojcem Tomaszem Duninem Szpotem. Ten zostawił relację opisującą wizytę i audiencje Szeremietiewa w Rzymie, w których generał zakonu Tirso González de Santalla podsuwał moskiewskiemu dyplomacie jako dary polskie manuskrypty przygotowane przez Szpota na temat misji w Japonii czy postanowień soborów powszechnych Kościoła katolickiego. Relacja ta przedstawia również pobyt Piotra I w Wiedniu, podczas którego – dzięki możliwości porozumiewania się w języku polskim – pomiędzy ojcem Wolffem a carem wytworzyły się więzy szczególnej zażyłości.
Time-resolved observation of 150 kHz high-power pulse burst high-frequency discharge using a high-speed video camera and an intensiﬁed charge coupled device camera
Authors: Takahashi Naohiro , Suenaga Hikaru , Ichii Genta , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Mukaigawa Seiji , Takaki Koichi
Published: April 2024

The discharge phase and time evolution of a 150 kHz high-power pulse burst discharge were observed. A vacuum chamber was constructed by connecting glass tubes on which a solenoid coil was wound. Burst pulses with a width of 1000 μs and a repetition rate of 10 Hz were applied to the solenoid coil. A high-speed video camera and an intensiﬁed CCD camera were used to record photographs of the discharges. Observation of the discharge phase using a high-speed camera showed that the discharge occurs at the time of 40 μs and propagates from the wall of the cylindrical reactor. Over time, the discharge pattern evolves, and a branched pattern appears. The number of the branches changes with time. The discharge blinks synchronize with the instantaneous power, which suggests that the discharge is generated and maintained by the electrostatic field generated by the sides of the coil. The propagation velocity calculated from downstream decreases with increasing pressure and increases with increasing power.
Fabrication of low-resonant-frequency inertial MEMS using through-silicon DRIE applied to silicon-on-glass
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhang Hui , Ikehashi Tamio
Published: April 2024

This paper reports on a fabrication process suitable for ultra-low resonant frequency inertial MEMS sensors. The low resonant frequency is achieved by electrically tunable springs and a heavy mass formed by through-silicon deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) applied to a silicon-on-glass. A thermal issue of through-silicon DRIE (TSD) stemming from the low-resonant-frequency structure is circumvented by two methods: introducing cooling time between the DRIE steps, and adopting a metal hard mask. A blade dicing method suited for this process is also presented. To monitor the verticality of TSD, a non-destructive taper detection method that utilizes a capacitance–voltage (CV) curve is proposed and verified.
P–i–n photodetector with active GePb layer grown by sputtering epitaxy
Authors: Yu Jiulong , Lin Guangyang , Xia Shilong , Huang Wei , Yang Tianwei , Jiao Jinlong , Liu Xiangquan , Chen Songyan , Li Cheng , Zheng Jun , Li Jun
Published: April 2024

In this paper, single-crystal GePb films were obtained by magnetron sputtering with high substrate temperature and rapid deposition rate. The GePb films have high crystalline qualities and smooth surface. The Pb content reached 1.29% and no segregation was observed. Based on this, a GePb based p–i–n photodetector was successfully prepared. The device showed a RT dark current density of 5.83 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V and a cutoff wavelength of 1990 nm, which covers all communication windows. At the wavelength of 1625 nm, responsivity of the photodetector reached 0.132 A W−1 at −1.0 V. The device demonstrates potential application in optical communications.
Vedavamo, chiedavamo, pensavamo: che italiano è?
Authors: Thornton Anna M.
Published: April 2024

Diverse lettrici e un lettore chiedono se forme di imperfetto indicativo come vedavamo, chiedavamo, leggiavate siano accettabili. C’è chi ipotizza che si tratti di arcaismi, e chi ritiene che si tratti di forme proprie di varietà settentrionali di italiano (le domande provengono tutte tranne una da persone residenti nell’Italia settentrionale o nel Canton Ticino).
РАССЛОЕНИЯ И РАСЩЕПЛЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИТОВ - ПОСЛЕДНЕЕ НАУЧНОЕ УВЛЕЧЕНИЕ Ю.Н.РАБОТНОВА (К 110-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ)

DELAMINATION AND SPLITTING OF COMPOSITES - THE LAST SCIENTIFIC PASSION OF YU.N. RABOTNOV (TO 110-YEARS JUBILEE)
Authors: ПОЛИЛОВ А.Н.
Published: April 2024

В последние годы жизни выдающийся ученый, академик Ю.Н.Работнов увлекся задачами из области механики волокнистых композитов. Им были предложены оригинальные критерии прочности, упрощенные способы послойных расчетов композитных панелей. Одно из научных увлечений Юрия Николаевича связано с описанием особых механизмов разрушения слоистых, волокнистых композитов путем развития расслоений и расщеплений. И хотя основные, классические результаты были получены Ю.Н. Работновым в области теории ползучести, наследственной упругости, механики рассеянного разрушения, интересно отметить также его вклад в создание моделей специфических видов разрушения волокнистых композитов, нашедших развитие в работах его учеников.

In the last years of his life the outstanding scientist, academician Yu.N.Rabotnov was keen on some problems in the field of mechanics of fiber reinforced composite materials. He proposed new, original strength criteria, simplified methods for ply-by-ply calculation of composite laminates. One of Yu.N.Rabotnov’s scientific passions was connected with description of specific fracture modes of layered fibrous composites having the types of delamination and splitting. Although the main, classical results were obtained by Yu. Rabotnov in the field of creep theory, hereditary elasticity, damage mechanics, technical theory of shells, it’s interesting to note also his contribution to development of some models for specific fracture modes of fibrous composites, and these models find the following development in the works of his disciples.
THE END OF TRADITIONAL FOCUS GROUPS?
Authors: Mohd Anis Azaleah , Olisa Nadia
Published: April 2024

The key benefits of qualitative research are rich insights and thick data. However, some argue these come at the cost of small sample sizes and low generalisability of findings. With traditional FGDs (FGDs), this could be addressed by conducting multiple groups. However, this requires significant investment of time and manpower. We explored methods to gather thick data quickly, aiming to increase the number of respondents without increasing manpower or lengthening fieldwork while maintaining data quality. In this paper, we detail our experience running a pilot study of a 1.5 hour online discussion with N=100 respondents, to capture in-depth responses at scale. Using pre-programmed questions and artificial intelligence (AI) to provide instant visual analyses of responses and additional probes to respondents live, we ran a full qualitative study with a bigger sample in the same duration required for a typical FGD. The discussion was text-based, with respondents being able to view and give their agreement or disagreement to what others may have said without interaction between them. The data was compared to data collected from a previous study with a similar topic and analysed from an operational aspect of conducting research and gathering insights from both methodologies. While this methodology does not replace traditional FGD, it has proven effective in scaling up qualitative research by gathering large amounts of qualitative data within a short duration, in real-time. The methodology has its limitations, primarily the inability to further nuance responses. Despite this, the pilot study appears to be a successful attempt conceptually, as the AI generated valuable instant insights while the study was ongoing, particularly from open-ended (OE) responses. It may add value to specific use cases such as quick sensing which require both breadth and scalability.
Eficácia e Segurança da Gastrectomia no Tratamento do Câncer de Estômago Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Silva Bruna de Aquino Morais da , Vasconcelos José Lucas Moura , Silva Alexandre Neves Reis Araujo e , Maciel Ana Luisa Silva , Grazziotin Ana luiza santana , Araújo Bianca Mayara Sampaio de , Souza Elinny Wanessa da Cruz , Araujo Gustavo Henrique da Silva , Carvalho João Gabriel Mendes , Hemza Julia Lopes , Carvalho Lorenna Luiza Almeida Miranda de , Silva Luana Dutra Pinheiro da , Lima Manuella Vieira Faria , Neves Maria Luísa Pereira , Afonso Maria Luíza Reginato , Persigili Victória , Meneses Tulio Neiva
Published: April 2024

Este estudo sistemático aborda a eficácia e segurança da gastrectomia como tratamento para o câncer gástrico, considerando a diversidade de evidências disponíveis na literatura. A pesquisa envolveu uma busca extensiva em bases de dados como PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase e Cochrane Library, utilizando termos relacionados à gastrectomia e câncer gástrico. Foram selecionados estudos que investigaram a eficácia da gastrectomia em diferentes estágios do câncer e compararam diversas técnicas cirúrgicas. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada, e os dados foram sintetizados qualitativamente. Os resultados ressaltam a controvérsia em torno da gastrectomia laparoscópica versus aberta, assim como a eficácia da quimioterapia adjuvante em diferentes estágios do câncer gástrico. As implicações clínicas e lacunas na literatura são discutidas em relação à tomada de decisão clínica. Conclui-se que este estudo oferece insights valiosos sobre o tratamento cirúrgico do câncer gástrico e destaca a importância de uma abordagem individualizada. No entanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para esclarecer questões pendentes e orientar a prática clínica.
Spontaneous regression of brain tumors in children: case report and literature review
Authors: Franco-Jiménez José A. , Tafur-Grandett Abrahan A. , López-Orozco Ricardo , Sosa-Nájera Antonio
Published: April 2024

Introduction: They are defined as space-occupying lesions that present radiological characteristics of tumors and that resolve spontaneously during radiological follow-up. Spontaneous regression of tumors is a rare phenomenon, with a regression rate in malignant tumors of 1/60,000 to 100,000 patients. Materials and Methods: An 11-year-old female with polydipsia, polyuria, 5 kg weight loss, ataxia, headache, vision loss, and diabetes insipidus. CT with chiasm-dependent tumor occupying the interpenduncular cistern, displacing the hypothalamus ventrally. Results: An excisional biopsy was performed using a pterional approach, microsurgical resection + ultrasonic aspiration, during the trans-surgical procedure thickening of the chiasm and optic nerves was found. WHO Grade I Pilocytic Astocytoma was reported. In the two-year follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, we observed complete tumor regression. Discussion: Partial cytoreduction of the tumor, biopsy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy play a role in the initiation of tumor apoptosis. Surgical trauma favorably
alters the biological activity of the tumor and the immunological status of the host. Conclusions: The mechanisms of spontaneous regression and spontaneous involution of residual tumor after surgery are not known. Apoptosis may be the common denominator, possible mechanisms include immunological, genetic and biological factors.
GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS (GNH): A WAY FROM NATIONAL HAPPINESS TO GLOBAL HAPPINESS
Authors: Dr. Jayanta Kumar Dash
Published: April 2024

Chasing happiness has become a global agenda in todays unrest life where everyone is helpless before stressful living standard, unsustainable environment, unknown pandemics, ill physical, mental and emotional health, poor psychological wellbeing, pervasive influence of technology, relentless search of self-interest at any cost and so on. Globalising development with happiness is the cry of the Earth today. From the core of Himalayan mountain range, Bhutan, a land- locked country, in a state of peace, good will, natural preservation and promotion of culture, Environmental Conservation, Good Governance and Sustainable and equitable socio- economic development, concerted on Gross National Happiness (GNH), endorsing GNP and GDP as unsustainable measures of development with happiness. The operationalization of the methods and tools of GNH is also improving the quality of the living standard of the people of Bhutan as per the GNH survey 2022. Against this background, the paper is an attempt to generalise the GNH model of happiness in Bhutan in particular and over the globe in general.
KEY WORDS: Gross National Happiness, Sustainable Development, Global Happiness, Environmental conservation, Good Governance,
Zerwana genealogia feministycznej historii sztuki. Galeria Zarządu Dzielnicowego Ligi Kobiet (1967–1980) i działalność Ireny Huml na rzecz artystek w PRL
Authors: Szczupacka Wiktoria
Published: April 2024

Artykuł stanowi pierwszą prezentację galerii Zarządu Dzielnicowego Ligi Kobiet (1967–1980) oraz prokobiecej działalności jej merytorycznej opiekunki – Ireny Huml. Rozważania zostały osadzone w refleksji nad genealogią feministycznej historii sztuki w Polsce, w szczególności zaś analiz dotyczących sztuki okresu PRL, powstałych po transformacji ustrojowej, w których nierzadko pomijano albo deprecjonowano państwowe inicjatywy na rzecz kobiet, a jeśli je dostrzegano, to oceniano jako fasadowe lub pozorne. Wynikało to nie tyle z przeprowadzonych badań, ile z totalitarnego paradygmatu dominującego wówczas w polskiej humanistyce. Podążając za nowymi ustaleniami na płaszczyźnie historii (Małgorzata Fidelis, Natalia Jarska) i socjologii (Magdalena Grabowska), które dotyczyły sytuacji kobiet w PRL oraz rozumienia ich emancypacyjnej aktywności, autorka postuluje wnikliwe przyjrzenie się relacjom sztuki i historii sztuki z państwową organizacją na rzecz kobiet – Ligą Kobiet.
„Ieden z najpyszniejszych widoków Warszawy”. O francuskich wzorcach arkad i kolumnady Pałacu Saskiego
Authors: Migasiewicz Paweł
Published: April 2024

Artykuł poświęcony jest genezie ogólnej koncepcji i szczegółowych rozwiązań zastosowanych w nowym Pałacu Saskim w Warszawie, wzniesionym w latach 1838–1842 według projektu Wacława Ritschla i Adama Idźkowskiego. Najbardziej charakterystyczną cechą budowli był podział na dwa korpusy połączone arkadami i kolumnadą umożliwiającymi komunikację między placem a ogrodem oraz między obiema częściami gmachu. W tekście wykazano, że rozwiązanie to jest kompilacją kilku (zwłaszcza dwóch) wzorów zaczerpniętych z architektury francuskiej XVII i XVIII w.
Study of the impact of threats to the economic security of enterprises based on network modeling
Authors: Vivchar Oksana I.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the crisis phenomena of enterprises in modern functioning conditions and the need to conduct a study of threats to economic security of business structures, as well as direction and nature of their impact in the context of modulation of production and economic processes, which is a determining vector of the actualization of this study. The article substantiates the conceptual and categorical apparatus of “economic security of enterprises” and “threats to the economic security of enterprises”. It also presents the methodology in the context of the triple PRT-model (loss, time, probability) of business structures, which includes five stages. According to the study, economic threats are grouped into 9 main types and assigned a corresponding rank. The practical toolkit for assessing potential threats to the economic security of TOV “TEKO-TRADE” is substantiated by the PRT-matrix using the expert method ratings based on five indicators: “very high”, “high”, “average”, “low”, “very low”. As a result, the main reasons for the emergence of threats to the economic security of the company under study are identified. The article shows that the proposed approach to the assessment of threats to the economic security of enterprises includes the concentration of resources in priority areas of activity to achieve the goals, and also makes it possible to prioritize and organize the implementation of the main measures to ensure economic security based on a quantitative (scoring) assessment of the level of threat and the probability of its occurrence. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the economic security project of enterprises, a network model (Activitiesonnodes, Aon) is used. The author reveals that the network model is presented in the form of a diagram and is a graphical interpretation of the network structure models on the plane. The main provisions of this article enable domestic business entities to form a predictive assessment of countering threats to economic security and develop appropriate measures to strengthen the security component in modern conditions of challenges based on the application of this network modeling methodology.
Socioeconomic aspects of the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of combatants
Authors: Halachenko Oleksandr O.
Published: April 2024

The article reveals the essence of medical rehabilitation of combatants as an important aspect of military medicine aimed at restoring or improving the physical, psychological, and social functioning of defenders with various types of combat trauma. The author emphasizes the growing number of disabled combatants in Ukraine, which has serious consequences for the healthcare system in the form of increased demand for medical services and budget constraints. The author analyzes various types of rehabilitation strategies (early start, implementation of modern technologies, individual approach, social and psychological adaptation, etc.) that can increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the recovery process. The article describes the positive socioeconomic impact of medical rehabilitation of combatants, including those with disabilities, which reduces military healthcare costs, speeds up recovery, increases combat capability, promotes reintegration into society, job creation and financial independence of veterans, and provides overall economic benefits. The article shows that investment in rehabilitation services for military personnel not only improves outcomes for individual patients but also contributes to the economic well-being of society as a whole. The socio-economic benefits of different approaches to medical rehabilitation and the appropriate allocation of financial resources are emphasized, which will ensure that combatants have access to timely and appropriate rehabilitation services. In order to increase the socio-economic effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of combatants in Ukraine, the article suggests focusing on reducing the cost of rehabilitation services by introducing effective modern technologies and individualized approaches; expanding access to medical rehabilitation, ensuring its availability and quality in all regions of the country; and creating an effective system for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.
Natural resource factors in assessing the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sector of the Carpathian region of Ukraine
Authors: Kiptach Fedir Ya. , Kravtsiv Stepan S.
Published: April 2024

The article examines how natural conditions and resources influence the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sector of the Carpathian region of Ukraine. It highlights the methodological approaches to their assessment in the system of competitiveness factors in the studied sector of the regions on a national level. To calculate the competitiveness indices, the following dominant indicators are suggested: forested areas, mountainous areas, objects in the nature reserve fund, UNESCO World Heritage sites, medicinal mineral waters, deposits of therapeutic mud, ozokerite, lakes and estuaries with therapeutic brine, density of the river system, area of lakes, ponds and reservoirs, availability of sea beaches, number of hunting sites on the territory of hunting grounds. In addition to the partial indices for Ukraine’s regions based on individual indicators of natural resource factors, integral indices of regions are calculated. According to the indicators of integral indices of the impact of natural resource factors on the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sector, the rating of the oblasts of the Carpathian region is determined, in particular: Zakarpatska (4.3) and Lvivska (3.4) oblasts are ranked first and second, Ivano-Frankivska – fifth (3.1), and Chernivetska – seventeenth. In general, natural conditions and resources offer significant competitive advantages to the region’s oblasts in providing wellness, tourism and wellness (especially in Lvivska and Zakarpatska oblasts), tourism and recreation, and tourism and sports services, particularly in skiing. The article reveals that the combination of natural conditions and resources available in the Carpathian region provides significant competitive advantages for its oblasts in the tourism and recreation sector at the national level.
Food chain milieus: Potential reservoirs and sources of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ejikeugwu Chika , Duru Carissa , Onu Euslar , Adonu Cyril , Ujam Nonye , Nwakaeze Emmanuel , Okorie Ndidiamaka , Ebenebe Ijeoma , Mba Theodora , Mba Anthonia , Ezeador Chika , Edeh Chijioke , Ugwu Malachy , Adikwu Michael
Published: April 2024

Concerted efforts are needed to mitigate the development and transmission of bacterial resistance in the general environment. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) is a carbapenemase that allows bacteria to resist the antimicrobial onslaught of carbapenems (e.g., imipenem [IPM]). We investigated the prevalence of MBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in poultry farms. Samples from poultry birds (n = 65) were studied for the isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. The modified Hodge test was used to phenotypically detect MBL. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm MBL production in the test isolates. To confirm the presence of plasmids in the isolates, a plasmid curing experiment was conducted. High levels of reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime (77.8%), IPM (69.4%), gentamicin (63.9%), amikacin (58.3%), fosfomycin (55.5%), ciprofloxacin (66.7%), tetracycline (75%), ertapenem (55.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (66.7%), and cefoxitin (52.8%) were recorded in the P. aeruginosa isolates. A total of 23 isolates of P. aeruginosa produced MBL. The presence of MBL genes in these P. aeruginosa isolates (n = 23) was confirmed by PCR, which detected blaIMP-1 (47.8%) and blaIMP-2 (26.1%). The isolates were multidrug resistant (50%) and carried plasmids, indicating horizontal transmission of resistance genes. Genes for bacterial resistance can be transmitted through mobile genetic elements. Therefore, sustainable interventions are needed to mitigate antibiotic use in poultry practices in Nigeria to curb the development of MBL-producing bacteria arising from selective (antibiotic) pressures in such an environment. These interventions can help to detect and stop infections caused by resistant bacteria before they become clinical cases in our hospitals.
Klebsiella pneumoniae-related rare multi-site infections: A case series
Authors: Jin Shanshan , Zhang Yu , Zhao Lina , Huang Qiuping , Xie Hui , Lu Jian , Wang Ruilan
Published: April 2024

The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP)-related rare multi-site infections has been progressively rising in China, highlighting the need for heightened awareness of the devastating complications associated with metastatic infections caused by this bacterium. This article describes the cases of six adult patients diagnosed with KP-related multi-site infections at a tertiary hospital in China from 2020 to 2022. The cases report a detailed examination of clinical features, laboratory test findings, bacterial culture results, imaging examinations, treatments administered, and subsequent outcomes. Notably, metastatic infections developed in four patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Despite strict glycemic control and timely antibiotic administration in three patients, their conditions deteriorated rapidly. The unfavorable prognosis in these patients may be attributed to delayed medical intervention, inadequate diabetes control, and unattended abscesses. The findings of this case series underscore the importance of glycemic control, percutaneous abscess drainage, and appropriate antibiotic selection in managing KP infections. Attaining early diagnosis and treatment of KP-related multi-site infections could potentially enhance patient outcomes.
An ATP-free packaging of T4 DNA
Authors: Hara Seiko
Published: April 2024

Packaging of viral DNA into a capsid with liquid crystalline density is a crucial step in viral reproduction. DNA packaging with an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-fueled molecular motor is an established viral DNA packaging mechanism system. On the other hand, DNA is compacted by the conformational change attributable to multivalent cations exclusively at valences higher than three. The conformational change of DNA was not considered as a mechanism of DNA packaging of viruses. Here, T4 DNA, ejected from a capsid in the ambient concentration of phosphate corresponding to the intra-cell concentration, is packaged into the capsid when the phosphate concentration decreases to the extra-cell concentration in coexistence with divalent cations, that is, Ca2+ and Mg2+. The compaction and packaging processes coincide with the conformational change of DNA. Divalent cations can compact T4 DNA when the counter anion is phosphate. The DNA-packaged and re-generated virions showed equivalent infective ability with the original populations. Fluorescent microscopy distinguished the conformational changes of DNA between compact forms and coil forms. Packaged or unpackaged DNA was confirmed enzymatically. Plaque-forming unit (Pfu) was used as the measure of infectious ability of virions. The concentration of ATP was measured by the luminometric method. The packaging process was proceeded in picomolar or lower concentration of ATP. This series of procedures may constitute a new ATP-free or low-ATP approach to packaging viral DNA with DNA conformational change underpinning the process. The results from this study may disclose an undiscovered facet of T4 life cycle.
Journalistic interventions matter: Understanding how Americans perceive fact-checking labels
Authors: Jia Chenyan , Lee Taeyoung
Published: April 2024

While algorithms and crowdsourcing have been increasingly used to debunk or label misinformation on social media, such tasks might be most effective when performed by professional fact checkers or journalists. Drawing on a national survey (N = 1,003), we found that U.S. adults evaluated fact-checking labels created by professional fact-checkers as more effective than labels by algorithms and other users. News media labels were perceived as more effective than user labels but not statistically different from labels by fact checkers and algorithms. There was no significant difference between labels created by users and algorithms. These findings have implications for platforms and fact-checking practitioners, underscoring the importance of journalistic professionalism in fact-checking.
Journalistic interventions matter: Understanding how Americans perceive fact-checking labels
Authors: Jia Chenyan , Lee Taeyoung
Published: April 2024

While algorithms and crowdsourcing have been increasingly used to debunk or label misinformation on social media, such tasks might be most effective when performed by professional fact checkers or journalists. Drawing on a national survey (N = 1,003), we found that U.S. adults evaluated fact-checking labels created by professional fact checkers as more effective than labels by algorithms and other users. News media labels were perceived as more effective than user labels but not statistically different from labels by fact checkers and algorithms. There was no significant difference between labels created by users and algorithms. These findings have implications for platforms and fact-checking practitioners, underscoring the importance of journalistic professionalism in fact-checking.
Short- and medium-range streamflow forecasting of the Don basin rivers
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Khristoforov A.V.
Published: April 2024

For the rivers of the Don basin, the Hydrometcentre of Russia has developed a methodology for daily short- and medium-range forecasting of streamflow and water levels. Average daily discharges and water levels are predicted throughout the year with a lead time of 1 to 10 days based on the hydrograph extrapolation method, which takes into account their values for the date of the forecast and for the previous 5 days. To estimate the parameters of the forecasting scheme, hydrological observation data for each river section are used. The technique gives satisfactory results and can be used within the framework of an automated system for preparing and issuing forecasts in order to provide necessary forecast information for making operational decisions on the use of water resources of the Don basin rivers and protecting the population from dangerous floods.
Regional features of the dynamics of thermal comfort indicators in a changing climate
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks» of the Federal medical and biological agency, Semenova A.A. , Saltykova M.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks» of the Federal medical and biological agency, Banchenko A.D.
Published: April 2024

The regional changes in climate comfort for the territories located in different climate zones are analyzed. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) is used to assess bioclimatic conditions. The eight-time observation data on the following parameters from six Roshydromet weather stations were used for calculations: air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, soil surface temperature, and cloudiness for 56 years from 1966 to 2021. It was found that climate change and its impact on human comfort in different climate zones occur at different rates. For all territories, cold stress decreases in the cold season, and heat stress increases in the warm season. It is noted that the average annual total number of extremely discomfort days has decreased over 56 years. The main factor determining the revealed dynamics of UTCI and characteristic for cities both in the continental part of Russian Federation and on the coast of the oceans is the air temperature rise in winter and summer and the wind speed decrease in winter.
Analysis of seasonal variability in wind wave spectra in the Black and Azov Seas based on classification
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Rybalko A.D. , Myslenkov S.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Arkhipkin V.S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2024

Based on year 2020, the seasonal variability of wind wave frequency spectra in the Black and Azov Seas is studied. Eight points representing areas with different characteristics and wind wave regimes were selected for analysis. Frequency spectra for these points were obtained using the WAVEWATCH III model. To describe the variability of the spectra, 23 reference spectra were identified based on cluster analysis for further classification. The classes differed from each other in terms of the peak frequency and the value of the maximum spectral density. It was shown that in the Sea of Azov, spectra with low spectral density and peak frequencies above 0.2 Hz predominate. Even during the cold season, the peak frequency generally exceeds 0.15 Hz, and spectral density values rarely exceed 2 m2/Hz. In the Black Sea, the peak frequency exceeds 0.1 Hz in all seasons. Spectral density values exceeding 5 m2/Hz are primarily observed during the cold half of the year. Additionally, the classes repeatability depending on the direction of wave propagation across seasons was analyzed. It was shown that the dominant direction does not always coincide with the direction of wave propagation, whose spectra have the highest spectral density.
Recurrence of storms in the Laptev Sea, East Siberian and Chukchi Seas
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Myslenkov S.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Kruglova E.E. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bagatinsky V.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2024

The analysis of number of storms in the Laptev Sea, East Siberian and Chukchi Seas according to modeling data from 1979 to 2021, taking into account the ice situation, is presented. The number of storm events is calculated based on the Peak Over Threshold method. The significant wave height of 2-5 m was taken as the threshold values. The number of storms with a wave height of more than 2 m in the Laptev Sea averages about 20 times a year, more than 3 m – about 8 times. In the East Siberian Sea, cases with a wave height of more than 2 m are observed on average about 23 times a year. In 1990, a local maximum of 28 storms with a height of more than 3 m was observed. Cases with a wave height of more than 2 m in the Chukchi Sea are observed on average about 39 times a year, more than 3 m – about 24 times. The trends in number of storms for all the seas under consideration are positive and significant.
Influence of atmospheric circulation fluctuations on the Caspian Sea level
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Nesterov E.S. , Pavlova A.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Changes in the Caspian Sea level from 1950 to 2023 are considered. The focus is on the intense sea level drop from 2005 to 2023. During this period, as a result of global warming, the number of cases of westerlies blocking in the summer atmosphere increased, which led to an air temperature rise in the Caspian Sea region. The influence on these processes of the negative phases of the EA/WR (East Atlantic-Western Russia) and NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) atmospheric circulation patterns that set in after 2000 is confirmed. It is assumed that the air temperature rise contributed to intense evaporation from the surface of the Caspian Sea and the drop of its level.
Application of stochastic parameter perturbations in SL-AV model version for long-range forecasting
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Alipova K.A. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolstykh M.A. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Fadeev R.Yu. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The paper examines the impact of applying the disturbances of parameters for the schemes describing subgrid-scale processes in the SL-AV atmosphere model on the characteristics of average monthly atmospheric circulation in ensemble subseasonal forecasts. 25-year retrospective forecasts are computed for different seasons with different perturbation sets, the results are compared with forecasts without perturbations. It is shown that perturbing three parameters reduces forecast errors of some variables as compared to undisturbed forecasts without introducing errors into integral characteristics