bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the Antioxidant and Skin Permeation Properties of Eugenol by the Esterification of Eugenol to New Derivatives
Authors: MAKUCH EDYTA , Nowak Anna , Günther Andrzej , Pełech Robert , Kucharski Łukasz , Duchnik Wiktoria , Klimowicz Adam
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity and assess the lipophilicity and skin penetration of eugenyl chloroacetate (EChA), eugenyl dichloroacetate (EDChA), and eugenyl trichloroacetate (ETChA). Identification of the obtained products was based on gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the analysis of 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR spectra. The antioxidative capacity of the derivatives obtained was determined by the DPPH free radical reduction method, while the octanol/water partition coefficient (shake-flask method) was tested to determine the lipophilicity of these compounds. In the next stage of testing EDChA and ETChA–(compounds characterized by the highest degree of free radical scavenging), the penetration of DPPH through pig skin and its accumulation in the skin were evaluated. For comparison, penetration studies of eugenol alone as well as dichloroacetic acid (DChAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TChAA) were also carried out. The antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and Folin–Ciocalteu methods) of the fluid that penetrated through pig skin was also evaluated. The in vitro pig skin penetration study showed that eugenol derivatives are particularly relevant for topical application. The obtained derivatives were characterized by a high level of antioxidant activity estimated after 24 hours of conducting the experiment, which indicates long-term protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the deeper layers of the skin.
Effect of Mixing Temperature, Ultrasonication Duration and Nanoparticles/Surfactant Concentration on the Dispersion Performance of Al2O3 Nanolubricants
Authors: Liu Haijun , Hou Xianjun , Li Xiaoxue , Jiang Hua , Tian Zekun , Ali Mohamed Kamal Ahmed
Published: October 2020

The main goal of this study is to improve the dispersion stability of Al2O3 nanoparticles in polyalphaolefin oil to overcome the sedimentation problem of nanoparticles using the addition of oleic acid as a surfactant. This work investigates the effect of the settling time, temperature, ultrasonic duration and nanoparticles/surfactant (oleic acid) concentration on the dispersion stability of Al2O3 nanoparticles in oil-based solutions. Herein, the visual observation, UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to evaluate the dispersion stability of the Al2O3 nanoparticles. The results reveal that the thermal method during the synthesis of nanofluids using 50 °C temperature improves the dispersion of nanoparticles. The results also exhibited that increasing the ultrasonic amplitude and prolonging the ultrasonic time during the synthesis of nanofluids influences the dispersion stability. The results showed that the nanolubricant with 0.8 wt.% oleic acid provides better dispersion behavior. Furthermore, the nanolubricants containing 0.005wt% and 0.01wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated outstanding dispersion performance, and the stability time reached more than 160 days.
Incidence and Predictors of Early Loss to Follow Up Among Patients Initiated on Protease Inhibitor-Based Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Edwin Nuwagira , Lumori Boniface A. E , Muhindo Rose , Kanyesigye Micheal , Amir Abdallar , Muyindike Winnie , Muzoora Conrad
Published: October 2020

Background: Good adherence to antiretroviral treatment and retention in care are essential for the effectiveness of an HIV care program. With the current increase in numbers of people living with HIV taking second-line ART in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need to establish their treatment outcomes and the rate of loss to follow up. In this study, we determined the incidence and predictors of loss to follow up among patients taking second-line ART at an experienced HIV treatment center in southwestern Uganda.Methods: This was a retrospective review of an electronic database at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital HIV clinic in southwestern Uganda. Second-line ART included at least two of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a boosted protease-inhibitor. Loss to follow up was defined as failure to return to the health facility for care or treatment refill for 180 days or more from the previous visit. After excluding children less than 15 years, we pooled data that included socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for adults who started second-line ART between 2002 and 2017. Multiple imputation was done for variables with missing data. Variables that had a p< 0.05 in unadjusted bivariate analyses were included in a multivariate binomial regression model using a stepwise backward selection procedure to describe the factors that independently predicted loss to follow up. Results: Between 2002 and 2017, 1121 patients had been initiated on second-line ART. We included data from 924 participants and of these, 518 (56.1%) were female, the mean age (SD) was 38.4 (±10.5 )years, and 433(52.4%) had a CD4 count less than 100 cells/µl at the start of second-line ART. The incidence of loss to follow up was 26.7 per 100 person-years. Male gender (Adjusted risk ratio (ARR) =1.8, 95% CI 1.5 -2.0) p <0.001 and anemia ARR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) p<0.001 were strongly associated with loss to follow up. Conclusions: There is a high incidence of loss to follow up among patients taking protease-inhibitor based second-line ART at a tertiary HIV center in South-Western Uganda. There is a need to routinely measure hemoglobin during clinic reviews, and establish mechanisms to retain males initiated on second-line ART in care. The association of anemia and loss to follow up needs to be investigated.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF LYMPHOID POPULATIONS IN RABBIT JEJUNAL PEYER’S PATCH
Authors: Khomych Volodymyr , Fedorenko Olha
Published: October 2020

Rabbits are an important livestock animal species, which are used for their meat and fur. Nowadays they are also becoming more popular as pets. Furthermore, rabbits are commonly used in research, inter alia in immunological studies and for studying pathogenesis of human and animal diseases. The lymphoid tissue is abundant in the rabbit intestine and a lot of it is concentrated in Peyer's patches, the majority of which is located in the jejunum. Understanding of the rabbit Peyer's patches functions is essential for the prevention and treatment of their diseases. In order to enhance it, accurate knowledge of its lymphocyte population composition is needed. At present, the cellular composition of the rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue remains insufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish the content and localization of lymphoid populations in the domestic rabbit jejunal Peyer’s patches.  We performed immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies CD3, CD10 and CD20 (DAKO, Denmark) to identify the distribution of lymphoid populations in jejunal Peyer's patches of a mature domestic rabbit. The results, obtained in our study, complement the existing data and determine the main lymphoid populations in the rabbit jejunal Peyer's patches. The presented data are fundamental for further studies of the rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We found that lymphoid nodules of jejunal Peyer's patches contains a predominant CD20+ cell population (B cells). It also contains many CD10+ cells (precursors of T cells and B cells), which are mostly concentrated in the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules. In the diffuse form of the lymphoid tissue the vast majority of cells are CD3+ cells (T cells)
METHODOLOGY OF SYNTHESIS OF PACKING MACHINES FOR FOOD PRODUCTS BASED ON MULTICRITERIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Kryvoplias-Volodina Liudmyla , Gavva Oleksandr , Derenivska Anastasiia , Volodin Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

The complex of technical means for optimization synthesis of assembling of a packing machine of separate functional modules has been developed. The method of synthesis of a packing machine, based on criterial assessment of separate functional modules (FM), combined by two main assessment groups, has been offered. FM may be selected and calculated by the program of consumption, based on the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) criterion. An example of synthesis, based on the offered method, takes into account variants of choice of ready functional modules, based on the hierarchic structure of a module of roll packing material supply. The method takes into account the systemic approach to analysis of equipment constructions for packing fine-piece and piece food products in a consumption package. The synthesis of FM assembling as conceptual models, abstract ones, reflecting the construction structure and connections between separate elements – functional devices (FD) – has been offered. The optimal assembling of the functional device in the structure of the functional module of roll packing material supply has been determined. As a result of solving this problem, a FM1 prototype has been created. At conducting the comparative analysis with the existent equipment, the automatic functional device has been modeled. The use of the OEE criterion with joint properties that reflects the generalized assessment of a packing machine or functional module with a maximin (minimax) criterion by the compromise principle has been substantiated. The analysis is grounded on the idea of optimality of each module or device of the machine for packing food products at adding each next functional module to its composition. The program of assessment calculation of the package equipment with the complex assessment criterion OEE for different assembling of FMi machines for packing piece and fine-piece products has been developed. The FM of roll film material supply with using a microprocessor managing device that maintains a sinusoidal law of movement of a stretching roll of the packing machine has been developed. Optimal characteristics of the technical system have been determined. Results, obtained at processing experimental data, confirm adequacy of the offered method for assessing assembling solutions
ELABORATION OF THE RESEARCH METHOD FOR MILK DISPERSION IN THE JET-SLOT TYPE HOMOGENIZER
Authors: Samoichuk Kyrylo , Kovalyov Alexandr , Oleksiienko Vadym , Palianychka Nadiia , Dmytrevskyi Dmytro , Chervonyi Vitalii , Horielkov Dmytro , Zolotukhina Inna , Slashcheva Alina
Published: October 2020

The competitiveness improvement of milk products is directly connected with a problem of decreasing energy consumption of the process of milk emulsion dispersion. At creating promising types of energy effective dispersers, a necessary condition is to elaborate a correct methodology for studying them that takes into account the specificity of the process of fat milk microemulsion dispersion. Based on the critical analysis of research methods for homogenizers of different types, there have been determined main directions of their improvement, taken into account in the elaborated research method for a promising jet-slot type milk homogenizer. The method of theoretical studies, including a choice and analysis of stable and changeable factors of the homogenization process in a jet-slot type homogenizer and optimization criteria, has been elaborated. The interconnection of technological, constructive, hydraulic parameters with a dispersion quality has been demonstrated. The influence of physical-mechanical properties of milk as a research object was taken into account. An optimal milk temperature was chosen for the studies. Factor variation limits have been substantiated. The constructive scheme of a chamber for the experimental homogenizer has been developed. At processing the experimental research methodology, the main stage was to develop an experimental set for studying the influence of changeable factors of the dispersion process on a homogenization quality. Dispersion quality estimation methods have been analyzed and the method of microphotography has been chosen with further computed analysis of obtained data. The elaborated methodology was used at studying the influence of cream fat and ring slot width on a dispersion quality in a jet-slot type homogenizer. The obtained data allow to determine rational parameters of cream fat – 40–50 % and slot width – 0.1 mm. The analysis of dispersed characteristics of the milk emulsion allows to make a conclusion about the high homogenization quality, comparing with processing in a valve homogenizer
Development and Validation of Reverse Phase HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Allopurinol and Lesinurad in its API and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Khader Sayma , K Ayesha Begum , Ramakrishna D.
Published: October 2020

A new, reliable, and validated reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantify the amount of allopurinol and lesinurad simultaneously in solid (tablet) dosage form. A clear chromatographic division was attained on inertsil ODS (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 mm) column, and a mixture of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol in the ratio of 40:60 v/v was used as mobile phase. The rate of flow was set at 1 mL/min, and UV detection was achieved at λmax of 255 nm. Injection volume was set to 20 μL. The correlation coefficient of 0.999 was established, and the accurateness was found to be 100.69 and 100.49 for both the drugs, respectively. Therefore, the developed method was simple, specific, precise, and stable. Hence, the method can be employed to estimate the said drugs in other pharmaceutical formulations.
Investment allocation in Slovakia and Ukraine in terms of effective corporate tax rates
Authors: Andrejovska Alena , Glova Jozef , Tulai Oksana
Published: October 2020

Since countries differ in their traditions, cultures or different tax systems, investment allocation can be a difficult task for some investors. Effective tax rates present indicators of the real corporate tax burden and consider the impact of all legislation elements. This paper deals with the effective taxation of selected intangible and tangible assets. The analysis will be processed by calculating average and marginal tax rates (EATR and EMTR) according to the methodology of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW). Then, the relationship between these two tax rates was calculated, and the relationship was identified that evaluates the most optimal criteria between location, amount and source of investment financing. The analyzed period is the year 2020. The analysis is a quantification of the amount of the tax rates for a hypothetical investment. The next step in the analysis is a calculation of the tax shield, which expresses tax saving of investment and the economic income of project, including taxation, and means financial benefit for an investor. The results have shown that Ukraine is a better choice for the investor, as this country reached lower values of effective tax rates for all other types of assets, except land, than Slovakia. In the case of own funds financing, there is a difference between 10.7% and 11.6%, and in the case of debt financing, the difference ranged from 10.8% to 11.7%. The exception was land, the rates for which were higher than in Slovakia by 0.70%. This paper has confirmed the research hypothesis that Ukraine is a more tax-attractive country than Slovakia. AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by VEGA project No. 1/0430/19 “Investment decision-making of investors in the context of effective corporate taxation”.
Penguatan Karakter Toleran dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Whole Language di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Ibda Hamidulloh
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the dynamics of intolerance from aspects of mind, language, action and solution through strengthening the education of tolerant character in learning Indonesian. Intolerance in practice can be harsh words, hate speech, harassment, until the action of radicalism. Strengthening character education is a mandate that must be implemented in Islamic elementary education. There are seventeen required  implemented characters. Start religious character, honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard working, creative independent, democratic, curiosity, spirit of nationality, love of the homeland, appreciate achievement, communicative, love peace, love reading, caring environment, social care, and responsible. Tolerance became one of the urgent characters strengthened in this era of the fourth industrial revolution. The language of the children represents its character. The more polite, refined, and tolerant of their language, the stronger the character is polite, refined, and tolerant to them, and vice versa. Indonesian language learning with whole language approach can strengthen the tolerant character because it is done intact, integral, not partial from aspects of listening, reading, writing and speaking. The language understanding in this approach is not just textual, but contextual and even intertextual. Indonesian language learning through whole language approach aims to strengthen the character of tolerant, polite, social care and boils down to the attitude of religious tolerance. There are two indicators of religious tolerance, to people of fellow religion, and tolerance to people of different religions.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA DAN MENULIS MAHASISWA ASING MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA DI UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG
Authors: Handayani Maya Rini
Published: October 2020

Abstraksi

 

Artikel ini membahas mengenai kemampuan membaca dan menulis responden yang merupakan mahasiswa asing di UIN Walisongo Semarang. Responden berasal dari wilayah kelompok propinsi Thailand Selatan. Kemampuan membaca dan menulis responden diukur menggunakan indikator bahasa Indonesia (Bahasa) yaitu kemampuan membaca dan menulis. Responden berjumlah 37 orang, terdiri dari 25 mahasiswi dan 12 mahasiswa yang tersebar di 3 fakultas di UIN Walisongo Semarang. Responden berusia antara 20 hingga 28 tahun dari angkatan 2012 hingga 2016. Bahasa asli dari responden adalah bahasa Melayu. Bahasa kedua yang dikuasai responden adalah bahasa Thailand. Responden belum cukup mempunyai bekal kemampuan Bahasa sebelum tiba di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data pada artikel ini menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil temuan yang diperoleh untuk indikator membaca adalah mean atau rata-rata responden dalam membaca tulisan Bahasa berada pada angka 22. Angka tersebut berada di antara interval 21 – 22  yang menunjuk pada kategori sedang. Sedangkan hasil temuan untuk indikator menulis adalah mean berada pada angka 25. Angka 25 terletak di antara interval 24 – 25 yang menunjuk pada kategori sedang. Kategori ini menggunakan interval standar lima yaitu sangat tinggi, tinggi, sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh dalam artikel ini adalah baik kemampuan membaca dan menulis responden menggunakan Bahasa berada pada kategori sedang.

Kata kunci : membaca, menulis Bahasa, mahasiswa Thailand Selatan

 

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Abstract

This article discusses the writing and reading skills of South Thailand students at UIN Walisongo Semarang. The respondents were from the province of South Thailand, their skills were measured by using an indicator of ability to write and speak Bahasa. They were 37 students from 2012 till 2016, who aged between 20 to 28 years old. The 12 students were males while the rest were female students. These students were spread across 3 faculties. Their original language was Malay whereas the second one was Thai. They actually did not have adequate language skills preparation before having come to Indonesia. Data were collected by using questionnaires with average skills of reading Bahasa was 22. The score of 22 is located between 21-22 interval, which it refers to medium category. While the average of writing skills was in 25 (in a medium category as well). The conclusion that can be obtained in this article is that both the ability to read and write respondents using the language is in the medium category.

Keywords :reading, writing Bahasa, students of South Thailand
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Integrasi Ilmu Pengetahuan (Sains) dan Agama Islam
Authors: Putri Feiza Rahma
Published: October 2020

Abstrak: Integrasi ilmu pengetahuan (sains) dan agama islam memanglah memiliki sudut pandang yang berbeda. Namun dalam hal ini, keselarasan antara keduanya haruslah ditingkatkan. Karena keduanya memiliki peran penting dalam kehidupan manusia dan kemajuan sebuah bangsa. Agama merupakan pedoman atau tata cara atau petunjuk melalui aturan di dalam kitab suci dimana dalam ilmu pengetahuan (sains) yang berorientasi pada interaksi komunikasi yang ada di dalam masyarakat. Keduanya tentu memiliki hubungan dimana berintegrasi pada perilaku, moral, etika dan kemasyarakatan.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI TK LB NEGERI BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi pendidikan karakter anak tunagrahita di TK LB Negeri Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dan menggunakan instrumen berupa wawancara, dokumentasi serta observasi partisipan. Data penelitian berupa analisis diskriptif kualitatif dengan berupa kata-kata, gambar dan bukan angka-angka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan karakter anak tunagrahita di TK LB Negeri Banjarnegara terlaksana dengan baik dengan melalui perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian.Kata kunci : Implementasi, Pendidikan Karakter, Anak TunagrahitaABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine how the implementation of character education of mentally retarded children in TK LB Negeri Banjarnegara. This study uses descriptive qualitative research and uses instruments in the form of interviews, documentation and participant observation. The research data is in the form of qualitative descriptive analysis in the form of words, images and not numbers. The results of the study showed that the implementation of character education for mentally retarded children in TK LB Negeri Banjarnegara was carried out well through planning, implementation and assessment.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU MI DI KECAMATAN JUMO TEMANGGUNG DALAM PENILAIAN BERBASIS KELAS MELALUI SUPERVISI KLINIS
Authors: Makhsun Nur
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this supervisory action research (PTKp) was to determine the performance improvement of MI teachers at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Jumo District, Temanggung Regency in carrying out class-based assessments through clinical supervision. In this supervisory action research (PTKp) was carried out in 3 cycles, from the results of the actions taken, it was proven to improve teacher performance by achieving ideal standards. to III 86.76%. The results of this action research indicate that coaching through clinical supervision of supervisors can improve teacher performance in carrying out class-based assessments with completeness reaching 100%.
New Concepts of Teaching Subject Knowledge and the Need for Their Consideration in the Content of Textbooks
Authors: Mukambetova Aigul
Published: October 2020

The research featured the new social requirements for subject teachers, as well as the legal basis for the changes that have occurred in the education system of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. The study focused on the current situation in Kyrgyz schools and universities, the development of new teaching technologies, and the new educational literature. The education system of Kyrgyzstan includes two large concepts. One of them is updating the content of subject knowledge corresponding to the required competencies. The second concept is the individualization of subject knowledge. These concepts are important in the framework of the Law of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan "On the Manas Epic" adopted in 2011. Previously, the content of education was based on the level of requirements for the young generation and was determined by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic that developed curricula for all educational institutions. However, subject teachers have to change their materials, taking into account the social and intellectual interests of the individual. The article introduces priority tasks that create the necessary conditions for the development of learners' personality. This goal was financed by the state budget in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. The author believes that the new credit technology is to be adopted with caution, and that the Kyrgyz educational system can use some educational technologies tested in Russia, e.g. critical thinking development; developmental education; health saving technologies; problem learning; gaming; workshop technology; case method; integrated learning in class, etc. Subject teachers are responsible for updating the educational literature in connection with the new requirements.
Typology of Apostasy in the Christian Historical and Cultural Context
Authors: Akhmatov Vsevolod
Published: October 2020

The paper features apostasy as a cultural-historical, ecclesiastic law, eschatological, spiritual, and moral phenomenon. The author focuses on the eschatological, spiritual, and moral aspects of the issue in the context of religious and philosophical discourse to perform a comparative and typological analysis of the causes of social conflicts and violence. The article introduces a typology of apostasy in the early Christian cultural and historical context based on the concept of Christian anthropology. The research also revealed a number of reasons behind the phenomenon of apostasy as a classification of its forms and directions. The author made an attempt to find a basis for apostasy classification, its essential directions, and reference types, as well as to identify the main criteria for the present study and its ontological premises. The author believes that the phenomenon of apostasy should be studied in the cultural and historical context. The research objective was to show the relevance of spiritual and moral issues in the modern philosophical discourse, thus preventing interreligious and social conflicts, violence, extremism, and terrorism.
Digital Sovereignty in the Context of Globalization: Philosophical and Legal Aspects
Authors: Gavrilov Evgeniy
Published: October 2020

The article features the problem of consolidating and understanding the digital sovereignty of the State and the individual. The author addresses the challenge of establishing a correlation between the idea of digital sovereignty and the global socio-political change. The paper focuses on the effect of modern trends of social development, i.e. accelerated social informatization and globalization, on the development of doctrine of digital sovereignty and its legal design. The author believes that the idea of digital sovereignty is a reaction to the transformation of the global social order, which resulted in new doctrinal provisions and legal norms. They give citizens the right to determine the process of formation, storage, and management of digital data, as well as to ensure their inviolability. The legal formalization of digital sovereignty can indicate either the protection of statehood and personality or, on the contrary, their absorption by structures of the global order. As a result, such categories as "sovereignty, "statehood, or "personality" may eventually lose their actual meaning and real content. The conceptualization of the phenomenon of neurosovereignty and its implementation programs might be the future of the theory and practice of sovereignty.
Water accounting for water management at the river basin scale in India: approaches and gaps
Authors: Bassi Nitin , Schmidt Guido , De Stefano Lucia
Published: October 2020

The main objective of this research paper is to assess the extent to which the concept of water accounting has been applied for water management at the river basin scale in India. For this, the study first assesses the importance given to the use of water accounting for water management in India's national water policy. It then analyses the evolution of water accounting approaches in India through a systematic review of the past research studies on the theme. Further, it looks at their contribution to decision-making concerning allocation of water resources and resolving conflicts over water sharing. Finally, it identifies the existing gaps in the methodologies for water accounting so far used in India.
Risk assessment models to investigate the impact of emergency on a water supply system
Authors: Shi Honghua , Wang Xiaosheng , Guo Haiying , Hao Huifeng
Published: October 2020

A water supply system is a critical infrastructure to support industrial and agricultural production and human life. It often operates abnormally in an emergent risk situation, resulting in shortage or suspension of water supply, even health risk and economic losses. In order to reduce negative impacts posed by these potential threats, identifying and evaluating possible risks in a water supply system has been becoming more necessary. For this reason, we establish two risk assessment models in accordance with two different situations based on uncertainty theory in the presence of insufficient historical data. In the proposed models, we first discuss emergency in three respects: the possibility of emergency occurrence, the consequence caused by emergency and system vulnerability. Then the risk to a water supply system is defined by the uncertain measure of loss-positive by incorporating a risk tolerance index and loss function contributed by the above analysis. Moreover, several theorems for calculating the risk index of series and parallel water supply systems are presented. Finally, we illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed models by implementing a series of numerical examples and further present some noteworthy observations.
Electrochemical treatment of real petrochemical effluent: current density effect and toxicological tests
Authors: de Melo Jaqueline Ferreira , de Araújo Danyelle Medeiros , Ribeiro da Silva Djalma , Villegas-Guzman Paola , Martínez-Huitle Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2020

This work aims to investigate the electrochemical treatment of petrochemical industry effluents (from the northwest region of Brazil) mediated by active chlorine species electrogenerated at ruthenium-titanium oxide supported in titanium (Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2) and boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes by applying 15 and 45 mA cm−2. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) determinations and toxicity analyses were carried out in order to evaluate the process extension as well as the possible reuse of the wastewater after treatment. Toxicity was evaluated by assessing the inhibition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) stem growth, seed germination, and the production of nitrite (NO−2) and nitrate (NO−3) species. Results clearly showed that the best COD reduction performances were reached at the BDD anode, achieving almost 100% of removal in a short time. Degradation of nitrogen-organic compounds generated NO−2 and NO−3 which act as nutrients for lettuce. Toxicity results also indicated that the electrogenerated active chlorine species are persistent in the effluent after the treatment, avoiding the stem growth, and consequently affecting the germination.
A HERANÇA KANTIANA DE HANS KELSEN NA TEORIA PURA DO DIREITO
Authors: Rodrigues Xavier Felipe
Published: October 2020

O artigo investiga a influência da enorme herança kantiana na Teoria Pura do Direito de Hans Kelsen, uma das obras mais importantes da teoria jurídica do séc. XX. Partindo da cisão fundamental operada por Kelsen na filosofia kantiana em oposição ao idealismo objetivo hegeliano (a qual o jusfilósofo deve ao ambiente intelectual do neokantismo subdivido entre a Escola de Baden, mais ligada à lógica e à ciência, e a Escola de Marburgo de Hermann Cohen), o trabalho pesquisa a epistemologia da Crítica da Razão Pura e a doutrina ético-moral de Kant contidas na Crítica da Razão Prática, na Metafísica dos costumes e sua Fundamentação, e as consequências de sua adoção ou recusa parciais, principalmente na hermenêutica jurídica, interpretação e aplicação do direito, na doutrina kelseniana.
A INVIOLABILIDADE DE DOMICÍLIO E A DECISÃO DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA NO RESP 1.574.681/RS
Authors: Morais Kiss Vanessa
Published: October 2020

O acórdão proferido Sexta Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça no julgamento do Recurso Especial 1.574.681/RS representou uma mudança paradigmática na compreensão do alcance do direito à inviolabilidade domiciliar e seu diálogo com outros valores acolhidos pela ordem legal e constitucional vigente. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar tal decisão valendo-se do instrumental teórico fornecido pelo pragmatismo jurídico, a fim de demonstrar em que medida tal virada de entendimento é manifestação do pensar pragmático, sobretudo em sua ótica antifundacionalismo e consequencialista. Por esta via, procura-se demonstrar que a posição acolhida contribui para o aperfeiçoamento da atuação policial e a prevenção de violações de garantias individuais neste contexto.
A Lógica da Ciência e o Falibilismo Epistemológico do Logical Syntax de Rudolf Carnap
Authors: Pizzutti Pedro , Liston Gelson
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar um importante momento de transformação na obra de Rudolf Carnap. Este momento diz respeito à publicação do livro The Logical Syntax of Language em 1934 e as modificações versam sobre a estrutura de análise lógica e as posições metateóricas do autor. Especificamente, no campo metodológico, Carnap desenvolve a sintaxe lógica enquanto estrutura de análise lógico-linguística e, a partir dela, elabora a Lógica da Ciência como o campo da Filosofia da Ciência e, no campo metateórico, substitui o fundacionismo metodológico do Aufbau pelo falibilismo epistemológico. Diante de tais mudanças, Coffa, uma referência fundamental do revisionismo carnapiano, alegou que o empirismo de Carnap, com a ascensão sintática e a perda do status de incorrigibilidade das sentenças protocolares, foi levado ao convencionalismo da base empírica e ao relativismo epistemológico. Deste modo, nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar uma interpretação consistente do Logical syntax, assim como avaliar e criticamente discutir a interpretação de Coffa em The semantic tradition from Kant to Carnap.
Controvérsias Recentes em Valores e Ciência
Authors: Bravo de Souza Pedro
Published: October 2020

Esta resenha tem como objetivo expor o livro Current Controversies in Values and Science de Kevin Elliott e Daniel Steel, comentando as cinco partes em que é dividido e ressaltando suas contribuições à área de ciência e valores.
Histórias da razão
Authors: Kawauche Thomaz
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro: PIMENTA, Pedro Paulo (Org.). Rousseau - escritos sobre a política e as artes. São Paulo: Ubu; Brasília: Ed. UnB, 2020.
Hans Cornelius: Leben, Denken, Wirkung
Authors: Pucciarelli Daniel , Soares Neves Silva Eduardo
Published: October 2020

Die Arbeit liefert einen Überblick über das Leben, das Denken und die philosophische Wirkung des Philosophen Hans Cornelius. Ausgehend von einer kurzen Rekonstruktion seiner Biographie exponiert der Text die Hauptideen, die er in seinen philosophischen Schriften entwickelt. Den Wahrnehmungs- und Dingbegriffen Cornelius wird in diesem Zusammenhang Vorrang gegeben, da diese Begriffe in der Regel als den originellsten Beitrag Cornelius’ angesehen werden. Danach stellt der Aufsatz die Kritik Husserls an Cornelius und die Quelle ihrer philosophischen Differenzen dar. Zuletzt wird noch auf die Wichtigkeit Cornelius‘ für die Entstehung der sogenannten „Frankfurter Schule“ reflektiert.
Innovation potentials for construction materials with specific focus on the challenges in Africa
Authors: Schmidt Wolfram , Otieno Mike , Olonade Kolawole , Radebe Nonkululeko , Van-Damme Henri , Tunji-Olayeni Patience , Kenai Said , Tetteh Tawiah Angela , Manful Kuukuwa , Akinwale Akeem , Mbugua Rose , Rogge Andreas
Published: October 2020

Africa is urgently in need of adequate basic infrastructure and housing, and it is one of the continents where massive construction activities are on the rise. There is a vast variety of potentially viable resources for sustainable construction on the continents, and consequently, the continent can bring innovative, greener technologies based on local sources effectively into practice. However, unlike established concrete constituents from industrialised countries in the global North, most of the innovation potentials from the African continent have not yet been the focus of intensive fundamental and applied research. This clearly limits the implementation of more sustainable local technologies.

This paper presents a case for the need to first appreciate the rich diversity and versatility of the African continent which is often not realistically perceived and appreciated. It discusses specific innovation potentials and challenges for cementitious materials and concrete technology based on local materials derived from sources on the African continent. The unique African materials solutions are presented and discussed, from mineral binders over chemical admixtures and fibres to reinforcement and aggregates. Due to the pressing challenges faced by Africa, with regards to population growth and urbanisation, the focus is not only put on the technological (durability, robustness and safety) and environmental sustainability, but also strongly on socio-economic applicability, adaptability and scalability. This includes a review of alternative, traditional and vernacular construction technologies such as materials-saving structures that help reducing cementitious materials. Eventually, a strategic research roadmap is hypothesised that points out the most relevant potentials and research needs for quick implementation of more localised construction materials.
Gentse kermissen.
Authors: Devriese Luc
Published: October 2020

In de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw vierde men geen Gentse Feesten maar een hele reeks wijk- of parochiekermissen. Er bestond een waarachtig kermisseizoen dat in volle zomer (14 juli) begon en zo maar eventjes drieënhalve maanden besloeg, met acht kermissen gespreid over die periode. Blijkbaar slaagden sommige feestneuzen erin van de ene kermis naar de andere te trekken en dat zo lang uit te houden.
Phyllanthus fluitans (Phyllanthaceae): un nuevo registro de planta acuática para la flora de Panamá
Authors: Ibáñez García Alicia , Flores Rodolfo
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Phyllanthus fluitans es la única especie acuática de libre flotación en la familia Phyllanthaceae. Aparece en humedales de América del Sur, pero ha sido también citada de México, donde se considera no nativa. Se utiliza como planta de acuario y se ha escapado de cultivo en Florida (EUA). El objetivo de este estudio es informar sobre la presencia de esta especie en Panamá, colectada en el complejo de humedales de Matusagaratí, en la provincia de Darién. Métodos: Este trabajo se basa en inventarios florísticos realizados en Matusagaratí, tanto durante la estación seca como en la húmeda, en el estudio de especímenes y en la consulta de literatura relevante. Se hizo un mapa de la distribución general de la especie utilizando los datos de GBIF y se evaluó su estado de conservación en Panamá de acuerdo con los criterios de la UICN. Resultados clave: Este es el primer registro de la planta acuática Phyllanthus fluitans en Panamá. Se discute la distribución de la especie a la luz de este nuevo descubrimiento. Se presentan datos sobre la ecología de la especie en Panamá. Conclusiones: Se confirma la presencia de Phyllanthus fluitans en Panamá, lo que representa una extensión del límite de distribución natural de la especie. Solo se encontró una población en un herbazal estacionalmente inundado, el cual es quemado de manera periódica. Tras el análisis de conservación a nivel nacional, se recomienda considerar la especie como En Peligro (EN) y que esta población se convierta en un objeto de conservación. Este estudio reafirma la importancia de llevar a cabo exploraciones botánicas en regiones poco estudiadas, como lo es la de Darién.
Variation of the community structure of terrestrial gastropods in different plant associations from the Coatán River watershed, southeastern Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Tovar-Juárez Edgar , López-Paz Victor Iván , Naranjo-García Edna , Estrada-Santos Yaneth , Negrete-Moreno Pedro Martín , Espinoza-Toledo Andrea
Published: October 2020

The Gastropoda class is the only one on Mollusca phylum to have terrestrial representatives. These organisms are used as ecosystem indicators due to being closely related to environmental variables such as soil and relative humidity, pH, temperature, and plant association, variables sensitive to habitat alteration. The original ecosystems of the watersheds in the Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico are suitable for the presence of terrestrial gastropods, however, has experimented severe loss of the original plant association, the objective of the research was to determine the diversity of terrestrial gastropods and its changes in the Coatán River watershed. Sampling was carried out at three sites according to their plant association (primary vegetation, secondary vegetation, and crops), within three zones of the watershed (upper, middle, and lower zone). A total of 342 organisms was obtained and classified into 16 families, 29 genera and 43 species, of these totals, 89% were Heterobranchia and 11% Caenogastropoda-Neritimorpha, which are mainly present in the middle zone. Five species are new records for Mexico and 10 species for Chiapas and extend the range distribution of several Central America species. The results of changes in diversity and abundance occurred at zone level and were influenced by environmental variables, mainly relative humidity and tree covered plant association. Low diversity patterns were related to high environmental temperature and low relative humidity, both related to the degree of disturbance and loss plant covered. The human activity in the Coatán watershed has an adverse effect on terrestrial gastropod diversity.
Japanese Listeners’ Judgments of Prolongations: With Focus on the Effect of Phonemic Length Contrast
Authors: Kang Minji , Chung Inkie , Park Jin
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This study examined 1) what the absolute minimal duration of the lengthened Japanese sounds /s/, /ss/, /i/, and /i:/ are that are perceived to be abnormal by native speakers of Japanese; 2) what the relative ratio of a stimulus sound’s original length to its absolute perceptual threshold is; 3) whether differences are observed between short and long fricatives and between short and long vowels; and 4) whether phonemic length contrast affects the perceived abnormality of lengthened speech sounds.Methods: Twelve native speakers of Japanese (2 males, 10 females) listened to the Japanese sounds /s/, /ss/, /i/, and /i:/, each of which was lengthened by 0–400 ms in 20 ms increments. The participants rated whether the sound was normal (0) or abnormal (1). The minimal duration for each lengthened sound to be perceived as abnormal by the participants was calculated by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curves using Youden’s index.Results: The minimal prolongation duration to be perceived as abnormal was 70 ms for /s/, 130 ms for /ss/, 70 ms for /i/, and 170 ms for /i:/. The percentage increases in duration required to be perceived as abnormal were 106% for /s/, 129% for /ss/, 117% for /i/, and 138% for /i:/.Conclusion: Phonemic length contrast affects the minimal prolongation duration and the percentage increase thresholds at which Japanese listeners perceive speech sounds as abnormally long. The implications of these results were further discussed within a diagnostic context of sound prolongation as one of core behaviors of stuttering.
A Hybrid-parallel Architecture for Applications in Bioinformatics
Authors: Kässens Jan Christian
Published: October 2020

Since the advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, the amount of data from whole genome sequencing has been rising fast.
In turn, the availability of these resources led to the tapping of whole new research fields in molecular and cellular biology, producing even more data.
On the other hand, the available computational power is only increasing linearly. In recent years though, special-purpose high-performance devices started
to become prevalent in today’s scientific data centers, namely graphics processing units (GPUs) and, to a lesser extent, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
Driven by the need for performance, developers started porting regular applications to GPU frameworks and FPGA configurations to exploit the special operations
only these devices may perform in a timely manner. However, applications using both accelerator technologies are still rare. Major challenges in joint GPU/FPGA
application development include the required deep knowledge of associated programming paradigms and the efficient communication both types of devices.
In this work, two algorithms from bioinformatics are implemented on a custom hybrid-parallel hardware architecture and a highly concurrent software platform.
It is shown that such a solution is not only possible to develop but also its ability to outperform implementations on similar- sized GPU or FPGA clusters
in terms of both performance and energy consumption. Both algorithms analyze case/control data from genome- wide association studies to find interactions
between two or three genes with different methods. Especially in the latter case, the newly available calculation power and method enables analyses of large
data sets for the first time without occupying whole data centers for weeks. The success of the hybrid-parallel architecture proposal led to the development
of a high- end array of FPGA/GPU accelerator pairs to provide even better runtimes and more possibilities.