bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rejected Versions in Plato's Symposium
Authors: Luz Menahem
Published: July 2015

Apollodorus' prelude to Pl. Symp. is a complex rejection of earlier accounts of Socrates' participation in a symposium. This can be examined contextually as a literary mannerism, or sub-textually as a rejection of previous literary versions of this topos. Neither approach contradicts the other, but scholars have found difficulties in finding any earlier author who could have been rejected. Recently, it has been argued that Xen. Symp. preceded Pl. Symp. acting as a catalyst for Plato's work. However, if neither was the first on a sympotic theme in a Socratic dialogue, we need not presume that Apollodorus referred to Xenophon, but rather that both responded to an earlier author. Scholars suggest various candidates although none has been proven. However, one source has not attracted attention: two anecdotes recorded in PFlor 113 where Antisthenes depicts both Socrates and himself as critical of symposia in general. The conclusions of my paper are that the contents of these anecdotes can be seen as the raw kernel out of which both Xenophon and Plato could have responded.
Socrates and Alcibiades
Authors: Cornelli Gabriele
Published: July 2015

In Plato’s Symposium eros and paideia draw the fabric of dramatic and rhetorical speeches and, especially, the picture of the relation between Socrates and Alcibiades. This paper will focus, firstly, on two important facts, which are essential for the correct understanding of the dialogue, both of which appear at the beginning. First, it is said that Socrates, Alcibiades and the others (172 b) were present at the famous banquet, and second, that the banquet and the erotic speeches of the participants were so celebrated as to attract the attention for several decades to come. So, the memory of that symposium is thus the memory, far beyond the other symposiasts, and through the erotic speeches, of something precise: that is, a particularly significant relationship, that between Socrates and Alcibiades. What matters most for the aim of this paper is the fact that Alcibiades is considered one of the major reasons for the defeat of Athens and the main cause of the crisis into which the city was plunged during the last years of 5th century BC. Due to the distrust of the city towards the groups of ‘philosophers’ that remitted to Alcibiades’ group, it is no surprise that the so-called Socratics committed themselves to refuting the accusation of Socrates having been Alcibiades’ mentor, to the point of reversing the charge. In the same way as the others Plato, also a Socratic, concerns himself with what might be called the ‘Alcibiades’ Connection’. Realizing there obviously was no way to deny the deep connection between Socrates and Alcibiades, he uses a clever dramatic construction with the intention of operating a political intervention upon the memory of this relationship, that is, of rewriting history, with the intent of relieving him of a more precise charge, which must have especially weighed upon Plato andupon Socrates’ memory: of him having been Alcibiades’ lover/mentor. This Platonic apology is based, ultimately, in a clever rhetorical strategy, which emphasizes the now traditional sexual paranomia of Alcibiades, in order tomake him guilty of an attempted excessive and outrageous seduction not only of Socrates, but of the polis itself. Reusing comic and oratorical/rhetorical motifs of his time, therefore, Plato deepens the J’accuse against Alcibiades, trying to withdraw him from the orbit of Socrates and the Socratics.
A corrupção política e os media – uma perspetiva comparada
Authors: Pereira José Pacheco
Published: July 2015

O artigo defende que discutir o problema da corrupção política implica não ignorara manipulação de opinião pelos media e a ausência de mecanismos de distanciaçãopor parte destes e afirma que a cobertura jornalística da corrupção política está muito longe de cobrir os aspetos mais importantes da realidade no que respeita à corrupção. No que respeita ao sistema político-partidário, o autor analisa os circuitos do poder no seio dos partidos, os mecanismos de influência entre estese deputados, autarquias e governos.
Corrupção e escândalo político: o enquadramento dos escândalos face oculta e mensalão na imprensa portuguesa e brasileira
Authors: Prior Hélder , Guazina Liziane , Araújo Bruno
Published: July 2015

O artigo que o leitor tem entre mãos é uma tentativa de analisar a coberturajornalística de dois escândalos de corrupção, o Face Oculta e o Mensalão, numaperspetiva comparativa. Versando, num primeiro momento, sobre os fenómenos dacorrupção e do escândalo político, procuraremos analisar os conceitos à luz da Filosofia Política, discorrendo sobre a sua relação sem, contudo, deixar de fazer a sua distinção analítica. Na parte empírica, adotaremos a teoria do enquadramento no sentido de compreender de que forma o semanário SOL (Portugal) e a Revista Veja (Brasil), operaram uma reconfiguração dos escândalos no momento da sua eclosão.
Anatomia do comentário: corrupção, noticiários e destinatários
Authors: Figueiras Rita
Published: July 2015

No âmbito dos estudos sobre a corrupção e os media, este estudo tem dois grandes objetivos: identificar o modo como os comentadores nos noticiários da televisão generalista abordam dois dos casos de corrupção mais mediatizados nos últimos anos em Portugal (os casos Freeport e Face Oculta), relacionando as narrativas jornalísticas e as dos comentários, e conhecer a forma como os comentadores se posicionam no debate público e entendem a sua função no processo comunicativo democrático. Para os comentadores os casos foram mais sobre estratégia e desempenho dos atores e das instituições envolvidas do que sobre o crime da corrupção. A definição dos problemas, as interpretações causais e recomendações foram construídas a partir do establishment, onde os conflitos internos dentro de cada uma das esferas implicadas nos casos, e entre as várias esferas, foram transpostos para os comentários; ainda que alguns comentadores tenham articulado o processo horizontal de comunicação intra, e interelite, e o vertical dirigido ao público em geral. O estudo de ambos os casos permitiu verificar que o espaço de opinião continua a subsistir como um setor dominado pelas elites dirigentes na sociedade portuguesa, que comunica principalmente para si própria e que se mantém com uma capacidadeelevada de imunidade à evolução do contexto social e mediático. A análiseda narrativa do comentário revelou‑se, assim, um local privilegiado para identificar e compreender como as lutas sociais de poder são travadas no espaço público.
Errores léxicos en el español oral no nativo: análisis de la interlengua basado en corpus
Authors: Campillos Llanos Leonardo
Published: July 2015

Se analizan los errores léxico-semánticos en la producción oral de cuarenta aprendices de español. Los datos pertenecen a un corpus de interlengua compuesto por entrevistas con universitarios de más de 9 lenguas maternas y de nivel intermedio (A2 y B1, Marco Común Europeo de Referencia). La metodología es la investigación en corpus de estudiantes, en concreto el análisis de errores asistido por ordenador. Los resultados muestran que los errores formales son más frecuentes en A2, y que no abundan los semánticos, pero persisten aumentando ligeramente en B1.
Juegos en tabletas digitales como introducción al modelado y la impresión 3D
Authors: Saorin José Luis , Meier Cecile , De La Torre-Cantero Jorge , Melian-Diaz Dámari , Rivero-Trujillo David
Published: July 2015

En la actualidad, una de las formas más directas por la que los niños acceden a la tecnología digital es mediante los videojuegos. Este aspecto no suele ser considerado en entornos educativos en la adquisición de Competencias Básicas. Sin embargo, existen informes internacionales que valoran la potencialidad de los videojuegos como recurso educativo. En este sentido, desde el 2006, el Informe Horizon incluye los videojuegos educativos como una tecnología con repercusión en la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la expresión creativa  dentro de los entornos educativos. En este mismo informe, a partir del 2012 las Tabletas Digitales son consideradas como una de las tecnologías con mayor posibilidad de ser de uso generalizado en educación a corto plazo. Por otro lado, existen estudios que relacionan mayor interés de alumnos en carreras de ciencia, arte y tecnología al uso prematuro de herramientas de modelado o impresión 3D. En este artículo queremos poner en valor dos aplicaciones, Blokify y Pottery, disponibles para tabletas digitales, que funcionan como juegos y que introducen al alumno en el modelado y la impresión tridimensional digital.
¿Cómo fomentar el desarrollo de competencias en la formación on-line? Una experiencia en la asignatura de dirección estratégica
Authors: Mora-Valentín Eva María , Ortiz-de-urbina-criado Marta
Published: July 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el desarrollo de competencias en la formación on-line a través de las actividades propuestas por el profesor en la guía docente. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio exploratorio en la asignatura de Dirección Estratégica y Política de Empresa I que se imparte en modalidad on-line en el Grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Nuestros resultados han puesto de manifiesto que existen diferencias entre la percepción del profesor y la del estudiante sobre las actividades que sirven para desarrollar cada una de las competencias definidas. Por ello, el docente debería reflexionar sobre cuáles son las actividades que propone para trabajar cada una de las competencias y, mucho más importante, definir bien qué entiende por cada competencia y cómo se alcanza.
More on set-magic graphs
Authors: Thomas Ullas
Published: July 2015

This paper contains certain properties of set-magic graphs and obtained the set-magic number of certain classes of graphs. All spanning super graphs of a set-magic graph always set-magic and all cycles and Hamiltonian graphs are set-magic. Also set-magic number of any cycle of size 2n is always greater than n.
Implications of sodium hydrogen exchangers in various brain diseases
Authors: Verma Vivek , Bali Anjana , Singh Nirmal , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh
Published: July 2015

Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are the transporter proteins that play an important role in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation, cell differentiation and cell volume and that mediate transepithelial Na+ and HCO3
− absorption on the basis of chemical gradients across the plasma membrane. Its activation causes an increase in intracellular Na+, which further leads to Ca+ overload and cell death. The pharmacological inhibition of these transporter proteins prevents myocardial infarction and other heart diseases like congestive heart failure in experimental animal models as well as in clinical situations. The more recent studies have implicated the role of these exchangers in the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Out of nine NHE isoforms, NHE-1 is the major isoform present in the brain and regulates the trans-cellular ion transport through blood-brain barrier membrane, and alteration in their function leads to severe brain abnormalities. NHEs were shown to be involved in pathophysiologies of many brain diseases like epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, neuropathic pain and ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. Na+/H+-exchanger inhibitors (e.g., amiloride and cariporide) produce protective effects on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury (e.g., stroke), exhibit good antiepileptic potential and attenuate neuropathic pain in various animal models. The present review focuses on the pathophysiological role of these ion exchangers in different brain diseases with possible mechanisms.
Dopamine treatment does not need speed recovery of newborns from transient tachypnea
Authors: Guzoglu Nilufer , Uras Nurdan , Aksoy Hatice T. , Eras Zeynep , Oguz Serife S. , Dilmen Ugur
Published: July 2015

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) results from inadequate neonatal lung fluid clearance. Low-dose dopamine induces natriuresis in the kidneys and it has been assumed that, at this low dosage, dopamine increases renal perfusion in critically ill patients. Medium doses have positive inotropic and chronotropic effects via increased β-receptor activation. Recent studies have demonstrated that dopamine stimulates the clearance of pulmonary edema. Furthermore, β-adrenergic agonists regulate Na

A prospective controlled study examined 60 infants with TTN older than 34 weeks of gestation who required at least 24 h of O

The requirement for mechanical ventilation, and durations of nCPAP, oxygen requirement, and hospitalization did not differ significantly among the three groups (P=0.54, 0.16 and 0.11, respectively).

Dopamine treatment in low-moderate doses does not improve the outcome in TTN. Thus, further studies in this area are needed.
Dynamics of health of wild capybaras: biochemical and physiological parameters
Authors: Eberhardt Ayelen T. , Ruiz Marcelo F. , Beldomenico Pablo M. , Racca Andrea L.
Published: July 2015

Assessments of generic indices of health in wildlife populations increase our knowledge about the natural history of animal species and provide useful information for ecoepidemiological studies. However, there have been minimal studies on the parameters of hematological and biochemical parameters in wildlife. The goal of this study was to evaluate physiological dynamics of wild capybaras (
Topological Complexity in Protein Structures
Authors: Flapan Erica , Heller Gabriella
Published: July 2015

For DNA molecules, topological complexity occurs exclusively as the result of knotting or linking of
the polynucleotide backbone. By contrast, while a few knots and links have been found within the polypeptide
backbones of some protein structures, non-planarity can also result from the connectivity between a
polypeptide chain and inter- and intra-chain linking via cofactors and disulfide bonds. In this article, we survey
the known types of knots, links, and non-planar graphs in protein structures with and without including
such bonds and cofactors. Then we present new examples of protein structures containing Möbius ladders
and other non-planar graphs as a result of these cofactors. Finally, we propose hypothetical structures illustrating
specific disulfide connectivities that would result in the key ring link, the Whitehead link and the 51
knot, the latter two of which have thus far not been identified within protein structures.
Surface magneto plasmons and their applications in the infrared frequencies
Authors: Hu Bin , Zhang Ying , Wang Qi Jie
Published: July 2015

Due to their promising properties, surface magneto plasmons have attracted great
interests in the field of plasmonics recently. Apart from flexible modulation of
the plasmonic properties by an external magnetic field, surface magneto plasmons
also promise nonreciprocal effect and multi-bands of propagation, which can be
applied into the design of integrated plasmonic devices for biosensing and
telecommunication applications. In the visible frequencies, because it demands
extremely strong magnetic fields for the manipulation of metallic plasmonic
materials, nano-devices consisting of metals and magnetic materials based on
surface magneto plasmon are difficult to be realized due to the challenges in
device fabrication and high losses. In the infrared frequencies, highly-doped
semiconductors can replace metals, owning to the lower incident wave frequencies
and lower plasma frequencies. The required magnetic field is also low, which
makes the tunable devices based on surface magneto plasmons more practically to
be realized. Furthermore, a promising 2D material-graphene shows great potential
in infrared magnetic plasmonics. In this paper, we review the magneto plasmonics
in the infrared frequencies with a focus on device designs and applications. We
investigate surface magneto plasmons propagating in different structures,
including plane surface structures and slot waveguides. Based on the fundamental
investigation and theoretical studies, we illustrate various magneto plasmonic
micro/nano devices in the infrared, such as tunable waveguides, filters, and
beam-splitters. Novel plasmonic devices such as one-way waveguides and
broad-band waveguides are also introduced.
Luminescent assays based on carbon dots for inorganic trace analysis
Authors: Costas-Mora Isabel , Romero Vanesa , Lavilla Isela , Bendicho Carlos
Published: July 2015

Carbon dots (CDs) are a recently discovered class of fluorescent nanomaterials with great potential to be applied in the analytical field. CDs have demonstrated to be a promising alternative to conventional organic fluorophores or quantum dots as optical nanoprobes for sensing different chemical species. In this overview, we review the progress in the design of novel nanoprobes based on fluorescent CDs for inorganic trace analysis. Representative examples of CD-based assays are described and the different sensing strategies are discussed.
Nursing Steps to Prevent Surgery-Related Pressure Ulcers in Patients Undergoing Combined Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Controlled Trial
Authors: Fu Dong Ying
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the preventive effect of perioperative nursing interventions on acute pressure ulcer in patients undergoing combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.
 
METHODS A total of 144 patients who undergoing combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The patients of the experiment were implemented by new interventions throughout the perioperative period. The patients in the control were provided only routine care. Assessment for skin integrity and pressure ulcer risk factors carried out during three periods. The outcomes including the patients’ feedback, the incidence and the stage of pressure ulcer were collected.
 
RESULTS The incidence of pressure ulcer in the experiment was significantly less than that in the control group. The experimental group was placed in positions that they were able to tolerate comfortably. The score of their satisfaction is significantly higher than those in the control group. The patients of both groups developed stage I pressure sores, but no statistical difference.
 
CONCLUSION The nursing interventions of the experiment can be considered as an effective method of decreasing the incidence of pressure ulcer in patients undergoing combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Those strategies that start in the preadmission areas and continue through the intraoperative to postoperative periods can have a noticeable impact on patient’s outcomes.
Propeller Perforator Flaps in Hand Reconstruction: The effect of blood vessel twisting
Authors: Ardelean Filip , Muntean Maximilian , Dumitrascu Dinu , Strilciuc Stefan , Georgescu Alexandru Valentin
Published: July 2015

Background and aims. Perforator flaps increasingly find acceptance and use in hand reconstructive surgery. A propeller flap is an island flap that moves from one orientation to another by rotating around its vascular pedicle. It is now possible to design propeller flaps based on a single perforator, so-called "perforator-based propeller flaps," but they are more prone to vascular impairment when twisted more than 90°.Methods. We present a prospective study conducted in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the Rehabilitation Hospital over 17 months. All perforator-based propeller flaps that were used for hand reconstruction were analyzed. The parameters studied included the size and location of the defect, the size and shape of the flap, the perforator (length and location) that was used, the degree of twisting of the perforator, the degree of perforator dissection,  the management of the donor site, and flap survival area.Results. In this study we investigated the circulatory impairment induced by twisting of the pedicle on a true perforator flap. All flaps survived completely with the exception of partial skin necrosis in few cases. Some of these cases required debridement and skin grafting.Conclusions. Perforator-based propeller flaps provide a reliable option for covering small- to medium-size hand complex tissue defects. They have the advantages of using similar tissues in reconstruction, not damaging another area, they do not require main vessels sacrifice, and the donor site can be generally directly closed.
THE ACCURACY OF ENDORECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN RECTAL CANCER STAGING
Authors: Cote Adrian , Graur Florin , Lebovici Andrei , Mois Emil , Al Hajjar Nadim , Mare Codruta , Badea Radu , Iancu Cornel
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND AIMS. The incidence of rectal cancer in the European Union is about 35% of the total colorectal cancer incidence. Staging rectal cancer is important for planning treatment. It is essential for the management of rectal cancer to have adequate preoperative imaging, because accurate staging can influence the therapeutic strategy, type of resection, and candidacy for neoadjuvant therapy. The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) in rectal cancer staging.METHODS. A retrospective study was performed to assess the accuracy of ERUS by analyzing patients discharged from Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (IRGH) Cluj-Napoca, Romania, diagnosed with rectal cancer between 01 January 2011 and 31 December 2013. Patients who were preoperatively staged by other imaging methods and those who had ERUS  performed in another service were excluded from the analysis. As inclusion criteria remained ERUS performed for patients with rectal cancer in IRGH Cluj-Napoca where they were also operated. We analyzed preoperative T stage obtained by ERUS and it was compared with the histopathology findings.RESULTS. The number of patients discharged with a diagnosis of rectal cancer were 200 (operated – 157) in 2011, 193 (operated – 151) in 2012, and 198 (operated – 142) in 2013. We analyzed a total of 51 cases diagnosed with rectal cancer who performed ERUS in IRGH Cluj-Napoca. The results according to the T stage obtained by ERUS and histopathology test were:Under-stage T2= 25.0%, T3=7.9% of cases;Over-stage T2=25.0%, T3=31.6% and T4=60.0% of cases.Less than 20% of patients underwent preoperative radio-chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONS. ERUS is a method of staging rectal cancer which is human dependent. ERUS is less accurate for T staging of stenotic tumours, but the accuracy may still be within acceptable limits. Surgeons use ERUS to adopt a treatment protocol, knowing the risk of under-staging and over-staging of this method. The accuracy of ERUS is higher in diagnosing rectal cancer in stages T1, T2 and even in stage T3 with malignant tumor which is not occlusive. ERUS is less accurate for T staging of locally advanced and stenotic tumours.
Anxiety and IBS Revisited : ten years later
Authors: Popa Stefan-Lucian , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND AIM:   Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been associated with high prevalence of psychological and psychiatric disorders. However, the association between IBS and each of its subtypes ( diarrhea IBS-D, constipation IBS-C, mixed IBS-M) with anxiety, still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis, of the association between anxiety and IBS on a period of ten years.METHODS: PubMed was searched for studies analyzing IBS and anxiety, published at 10 years interval. The study presents a comparative analysis of the articles that were published between 2003-2005 and 2013-2015, investigating  the correlation between anxiety and IBS.RESULTS: The initial search identified 220 articles, from which 156  were published between 2013 and 2015, and 64 were published between 2003 and 2005. Of these articles, 15 articles were included in the review. Out of these 15 articles, 10 articles analyzed the correlation between anxiety-depression status in IBS patients using specific questionnaires, 2 articles analyzed genetic variables in IBS, 1 article analyzed serom and  monoamine oxidase levels in IBS, 1 article have analyzed seric levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in IBS, 1 article analyzed somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in IBS. The result was a  review of  15 studies that analyzed  the association between IBS and anxiety.CONCLUSIONS : IBS is a heterogeneous disorder caused by numerous psychological, immunological, infectious, endocrine and genetic factors. In recent years, the number of studies concentrating on genetic factors, cytokines and hormones has increased in comparison with the 2003-2005 period, when clinical investigation, using mainly questionnaires was the essential method. Also, the total number of papers investigating anxiety and IBS, considerably increased. The recent studies have confirmed the fact that IBS symptoms are often exacerbated during stressful events and the psychiatric treatment has a positive effect on gastro-intestinal symptomatology.
A cultura amazônica e sua aplicação nas práticas de educação em saúde e enfermagem
Authors: De Sousa Fabianne De Jesus , De Andrade Fabiana Do Socorro , Dinisio Carvalho Da Silva Maria Do Perpetuo Socorro
Published: July 2015

Introdução: A ordem é viver mais, melhor com mais saúde. Apesar do aumento e acesso às informações, o usuário dos serviços de saúde continua ainda muito impotente na relação que estabelece com os profissionais da área. Objetivou-se relatar a experiência de enfermeiras em identificar como se dá aplicação da cultura amazônica nas práticas educativas com idosos da Unidade de Saúde da Família no Município de Benevides-PA e o conhecimento destas práticas na cultura amazônica. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de natureza descritiva vivenciado pelas enfermeiras com um grupo de idosos em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Resultados: Os profissionais respeitam sua cultura amazônica através de conversas, oralidade dos mais antigos, espaços comunitários e religiosos para a transmissão dos saberes. Discussão e Conclusões: A Cultura amazônica e as práticas educativas estão presentes nas vidas dos idosos em seus ambientes familiares e comunitários, sendo levado em consideração pelos enfermeiros. 

Cómo citar este artículo: Sousa F, Andrade F, Silva M. A cultura amazônica e sua aplicação nas práticas de educação em saúde e enfermagem. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1103-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.110
Representação social dos enfermeiros sobre cuidados paliativos
Authors: Coelho de Britto Sabrina Maria , De Souza Ramos Raquel , Igor dos Santos Érick , Da Silva Veloso Olga , Melo da Silva Aline , Guiomar de Aguiar Mariz Rosângela
Published: July 2015

RESUMO

Introdução: O presente estudo refere-se a um processo de investigação sobre a representação social dos enfermeiros sobre cuidados paliativos. Objetivos: identificar a estrutura das representações sociais dos enfermeiros sobre cuidados paliativos; discutir as repercussões dessas representações no cotidiano da prática assistencial. Materiais e Métodos: Para a realização deste estudo foram abordados 70 enfermeiros que atuam nas enfermarias do serviço de Clínica Médica. A técnica para coleta de dados foi a da evocação livre. Para este estudo o termo indutor foi cuidado paliativo, e foi solicitada a associação de cinco palavras aos participantes do estudo. O material foi, então, tratado pelo software Ensemble de programmes permettant l’analyse dês evocations (EVOC). Resultados e Discussão: O sistema central é homogêneo, possui forte teor negativo e fornece estabilidade a representação. Por outro lado, a presença de elementos positivos no sistema periférico como carinho, conforto, dedicação e humanização reforçam o caráter flexível da representação. Cabe ressaltar que o provável núcleo central é pouco sensível ao contexto imediato, o que significa afirmar que, mesmo que o mais utópico dos setores de cuidados paliativos fosse inaugurado neste momento, o núcleo central da representação dos cuidados paliativos para enfermeiros não se modificaria imediatamente. Conclusões: Apesar dos cuidados paliativos e suas tecnologias estarem cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano hospitalar e, portanto, serem alvo de constantes debates em veículos de comunicação, a sua representação social, elaborada por este grupo de enfermeiros, permanece com forte teor negativo.  

Cómo citar este artículo: Britto S, Ramos R, Santos É, Veloso O, Silva M, Silva A Mariz R. Representação social dos enfermeiros sobre cuidados paliativos. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1062-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.170
Porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares y su asociación con el estilo de vida y macronutrientes
Authors: Ruiz Sánchez Eloína , Bañuelos Barrera Yolanda , Bañuelos Barrera Patricia , Álvarez Aguirre Alicia , Valles Verdín Ma. Mayela , Domínguez Chávez Claudia Jennifer
Published: July 2015

Introducción: Identificar la asociación entre los estilos de vida, el consumo de macronutrientes  y el porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares, y comparar por estado de peso. Materiales y Métodos: Corte transversal analítico en escolares de la ciudad de Durango a quienes se les midió antropometría, presión arterial, antecedentes familiares, estilos de vida y consumo de macronutrientes. El análisis de datos  fue descriptivo, se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central de las variables cuantitativas que mostraron una distribución normal. Las variables cualitativas se describen con valores relativos. Se realzó análisis comparativo por estado de peso. Se respetaron aspectos éticos según la reglamentación vigente. Resultados: La edad promedio 9.1 años, índice de masa corporal promedio 17.8 kg/m2, porcentaje de grasa corporal promedio 20%. El 38.7%  de los escolares presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. La presión sistólica y diastólica promedio fue 93/60mmHg. Niños con sobrepeso y obesidad más riesgo de cifras de presión sistólica y diastólica alteradas. Estilos de vida y consumo de macronutrientes mostraron promedio de 64.1 y 39.5 y no influyeron en el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren incluir el uso de mediciones mas objetivas de los estilos de vida, y resaltan la importancia de abordar eficientemente la problemática del sobrepeso y obesidad y disminuir riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a temprana edad.

Cómo citar este artículo: Ruiz E, Bañuelos Y, Bañuelos P, Álvarez A, Valles MM, Domínguez CJ. Porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares y su asociación con el estilo de vida y macronutrientes. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1022-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.150
Calidad de vida en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer
Authors: Puerto Pedraza Henry Mauricio
Published: July 2015

Introducción: Describir la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer, en la Unidad de Oncología y Radioterapia del Hospital Universitario de Santander en Bucaramanga, durante el primer semestre del 2013. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal: Se evaluaron 75 cuidadores familiares. Se utilizó el instrumento que toma el concepto del modelo de Calidad de vida versión familiar propuesto por Betty Ferrell. Para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva y la regla de estratificación de Dalhenius y Hodges. Resultados: Los cuidadores son en mayoría mujeres de estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, de escolaridad primaria incompleta el 37,3%, el estado civil el 66,7% informó estar casados o en unión libre, de ocupación hogar 50,7%, con una mediana de 18 horas de cuidado a la persona con cáncer. La Calidad de vida global infiere que los cuidadores presentan una percepción de la calidad de vida media en (41,3%). Para las dimensiones del instrumento se reportó: puntajes medios para la salud física en (48%), psicológica (42%), social (45,3%) y espiritual (44%). Discusión y Conclusiones: Es posible que los cuidadores familiares no se identifiquen por sus labores asistenciales como un cuidador más y no perciban ninguna alteración en su calidad de vida, a pesar que tengan manifestaciones físicas relacionadas a la carga de asistencia y cuidado.  

Cómo citar este artículo: Puerto HM. Calidad de vida en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1029-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.154

 
Convertirse en madre durante la adolescencia: activación del rol materno en el control prenatal
Authors: Moreno Mojica Claudia Maria , Mesa Chaparro Nancy Patricia , Pérez Cipagauta Zorayda , Vargas Fonseca Diana Paola
Published: July 2015

Introducción: Las adolescentes gestantes constituyen un grupo poblacional vulnerable,  con limitación en la construcción de la identidad personal frente a la materna e  imposibilidad de constitución  de una familia estable  que  afectan su calidad de vida y la del hijo por nacer. El objetivo del artículo es dar a conocer el alcance que tiene la aplicación de una estrategia de cuidado de enfermería que promovió el cuidado integral de la adolescente gestante en  la activación del rol materno durante el control prenatal. Materiales y Métodos: Este artículo es el resultado de la aplicación de una estrategia de cuidado de enfermería: programa de atención integral a la adolescente gestante durante el control prenatal, con base en la teoría de Mercer, y estructurado desde el marco lógico; la estrategia contó con la participación de diez adolescentes en gestación y el equipo interdisciplinario. Resultados: Adopción e implementación de la estrategia y apertura Institucional del centro de apoyo y cuidado para adolescentes gestantes “Creciendo Juntos”, que promovió el cuidado integral y permitió la activación del rol materno  durante el control prenatal. Discusión: El convertirse en madre adolescente, no se activa sin la influencia del cuidado estructurado brindado por enfermería quien lidera el equipo de salud, quienes permiten  a las gestantes, disminuir sus miedos, conocer y vivir el proceso de gestación y aprender las tareas para trascender hacia la activación del rol materno. Conclusiones: La Estrategia valida la visibilidad del cuidado sustentado en una teoría de enfermería, al dar respuesta a las necesidades humanas.

Cómo citar este artículo: Moreno CM, Mesa NP, Pérez Z, Vargas DP. Convertirse en madre durante la adolescencia: activación del rol materno en el control prenatal. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1041-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.162

 
Localização e medidas preventivas de úlceras de pressão em idade pediátrica: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Lomba Lurdes , Bessa Rita , Santos Sílvia
Published: July 2015

Introdução: As úlceras de pressão (UP) são um problema de saúde pública e indicador da má qualidade dos cuidados. A sua problematização é consensual em adultos mas não é reconhecida em pediatria. Apesar de consideradas raras, estudos existentes revelam o contrário. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura on-line nas bases de dados CINAHL, Academic Search Complete e Elsevier ScienceDirect seleccionando estudos que identificassem as localizações anatómicas mais frequente das úlceras de pressão em pediatria e medidas preventivas mais eficazes. Foi adicionada uma pesquisa a partir das referências bibliográficas dos estudos selecionados. A avaliação dos resultados permitiu selecionar 5 estudos: 3 abordam as localizações anatómicas mais frequentes e 2 as medidas preventivas mais eficazes. Resultados: As localizações anatómicas mais referidas são a região occipital e sacrococcígea havendo alguma discrepância entre autores. Apesar da escassez de estudos de eficácia de materiais e de a maioria das medidas se basearem na eficácia em adultos, as medidas preventivas apontadas como mais eficazes são as consultas de nutrição, a alternância de decúbitos, almofadas no alívio de pressão, superfícies adequadas e placas de gel. Discussão e Conclusões: Os estudos evidenciam algumas discordâncias acerca das localizações mais frequentes das úlceras de pressão, sendo as variações justificadas pelas diferenças anatómicas entre crianças e mudança nos locais de pressão consoante o crescimento em pediatria. Verifica-se ainda uma escassez de evidência empírica sobre a eficácia de medidas preventivas. Sendo vital o reconhecimento desta problemática em pediatria, sugerem-se investigações futuras.

Cómo citar este artículo: Lomba L, Bessa R, Santos S. Localização e medidas preventivas de úlceras de pressão em idade pediátrica: revisão integrativa da literatura. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1085-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.169
Teorías y modelos de enfermería usados en la enfermería psiquiátrica
Authors: Galvis López Milena Alexandra
Published: July 2015

Introducción: Con el paso del tiempo la disciplina de enfermería ha tenido un avance significativo, propiciado por el desarrollo y divulgación de modelos conceptuales que sustentan su práctica, por tal motivo se pretende conocer la incidencia de este avance en la práctica de la enfermería en Salud Mental y Psiquiátrica. Materiales y Métodos: Artículo de reflexión, que retoma la literatura sobre los modelos y teorías de Enfermería que se han usado en la práctica de la Enfermería en Salud Mental y Psiquiatría y como la profesión de enfermería apropia este aspecto en la práctica diaria dando un cuidado holístico. Resultados: Se presentan las principales premisas conceptuales de los modelos y teorías referenciados en la bibliografía consultada en los cuales se reconoce  y concibe al ser humano de manera holística, al explorar  sus experiencias con el mundo,  con la enfermería y como se evidencia en la práctica de la enfermería en Salud Mental y Psiquiatría. Discusión: Se debe posibilitar el desarrollo de habilidades de ayuda que mantengan la perspectiva de integralidad y cuidado holístico. Conclusiones: Aun se cuenta con  muy pocas publicaciones en las cuales se visibilice la práctica de la enfermería en Salud Mental y Psiquiatría y el uso del conocimiento disciplinar en la práctica diaria. Con este artículo se espera  que el profesional de Enfermería, tenga un soporte teórico que le permita brindar un cuidado integral, a la persona con sufrimiento Psíquico, basándose en referentes conceptuales propios de la Disciplina.

Cómo citar este artículo: Galvis MA. Teorías y modelos de enfermería usados en la enfermería psiquiátrica. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1108-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.172
Estudio comparativo en el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en proceso de rehabilitación
Authors: Casique Casique Leticia , Muñoz Torres Teresita De Jesús , Herrera Paredes José Manuel
Published: July 2015

Introducción: En México, el alcoholismo representa el 11.3% de la carga total de enfermedades,  49% de los suicidios, 38% de los homicidios y 38% de los casos de lesiones, particularmente entre jóvenes de 15 a 25 años de edad. Estos datos brindan un panorama sobre lo que el consumo de alcohol genera a nivel del comportamiento, y que por consecuencia, se ve reflejado en las acciones que realiza la persona. Objetivo: Proponer una red conceptual entre el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en el proceso de rehabilitación. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, transversal; con una muestra de 8 sujetos adscritos al Grupo de Alcohólicos Anónimos seleccionados aleatoriamente. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el instrumento “Cuestionario para valorar el comportamiento del dependiente de alcohol”. El análisis de datos se realizó bajo los conceptos de la Teoría Fundamentada. Resultados: Existe mayor prevalencia de consumo en individuos de 26, 27 y 30 años. El análisis cualitativo permitió establecer una red conceptual entre el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en el proceso de rehabilitación, la cual refleja una evolución de conducta violenta a conducta positiva por la influencia del Grupo de Alcohólicos Anónimos. Discusión: La ingesta inmoderada de bebidas alcohólicas es capaz de perturbar la conducta y convertir gradualmente al hombre en un agresor potencial; sin embargo, algunos pueden tomar una conducta de aislamiento. Conclusiones: La participación dentro del grupo permite un cambio de conducta al identificar las experiencias de otras personas, facilitando así, la reintegración social.

Cómo citar este artículo: Casique L, Muñoz TJ, Herrera JM. Estudio comparativo en el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en proceso de rehabilitación. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1070-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.173

 
Prevenção e controle da tuberculose: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Souza Evelaine Pinheiro de , Barbosa Ellen Cristyne De souza , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataide , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal
Published: July 2015

Introdução: A incidência cada vez maior de casos de tuberculose e o elevado índice de abandono ao tratamento faz com que esta doença seja um sério problema de saúde pública, principalmente pela ocorrência de casos de multirresistência. O presente estudo faz uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que objetivou analisar e discutir a produção cientifica brasileira sobre ações de prevenção e controle da tuberculose, para subsidiar a construção de uma Tecnologia Educativa em Saúde destinada aos contatos de doentes com tuberculose multirresistente. Materiais e Métodos: Os artigos foram selecionados no portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/LILACS e SciELO, utilizando os descritores: prevenção e controle, associado ao descritor tuberculose. Após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram elencados 8 artigos completos. Resultados: Após a análise dos artigos reuniram-se os resultados  em  03 categorias temáticas: Dificuldades na prevenção e controle da tuberculose; Conhecimentos dos doentes e familiares sobre a doença e Estigma da tuberculose. Discussão: Os resultados evidenciaram que ainda existem grandes barreiras a serem vencidas para que o controle da tuberculose se torne efetivo. As maiores dificuldades estão no contexto do desconhecimento em relação à doença e o estigma da tuberculose, deixando explícito que somente o acesso ao diagnóstico e aos medicamentos não são suficientes para uma adesão efetiva. Conclusões: Conclui-se que é fundamental assegurar a informação e o esclarecimento dos principais aspectos relacionados à doença, com tecnologias educativas, de modo a inserir doentes e familiares como peças fundamentais no processo de enfrentamento da mesma, contribuindo para prevenção e controle dessa endemia.

Cómo citar este artículo: Souza E, Barbosa E, Rodrigues I, Nogueira L. Prevenção e controle da tuberculose: revisão integrativa da literatura. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1094-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.178

 
Neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease and therapeutic evidence of anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Bassani Taysa Bervian , Vital Maria A.B.F. , Rauh Laryssa K.
Published: July 2015

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 1.6% of the population over 60 years old. The cardinal motor symptoms are the result of progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons which are involved in the fine motor control. Currently, there is no cure for this pathology and the cause of the neurodegeneration remains unknown. Several studies suggest the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of PD as well as a protective effect of anti-inflammatory drugs both in animal models and epidemiological studies, although there are controversial reports. In this review, we address evidences of involvement of inflammatory process and possible therapeutic usefulness of anti-inflammatory drugs in PD.
Chronic pain relief after the exposure of nitrous oxide during dental treatment: longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Mattos Júnior Francisco Moreira , Mattos Rafael Villanova , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Siqueira Silvia Regina Dowgan Tesseroli de , Siqueira Jose Tadeu Tesseroli de
Published: July 2015

The objective was to investigate the effect of nitrous/oxygen in chronic pain. Seventy-seven chronic pain patients referred to dental treatment with conscious sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen had their records included in this research. Data were collected regarding the location and intensity of pain by the visual analogue scale before and after the treatment. Statistical analysis was performed comparing pre- and post-treatment findings. It was observed a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of pain in this sample (only 18 patients still had chronic pain, p < 0.001) and in its intensity (p < 0.001). Patients that needed fewer sessions received higher proportions of nitrous oxide/oxygen. Nitrous oxide may be a tool to be used in the treatment of chronic pain, and future prospective studies are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms and the effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen in patients according to the pain diagnosis and other characteristics.
Cortical correlates of affective syndrome in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hayata Thaís T. , Bergo Felipe P. G. , Rezende Thiago J. , Damasceno Alfredo , Damasceno Benito P. , Cendes Fernando , Stella Florindo , Balthazar Marcio L. F.
Published: July 2015

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are prevalent, however their relationship with patterns of cortical atrophy is not fully known. Objectives To compare cortical atrophy’s patterns between AD patients and healthy controls; to verify correlations between neuropsychiatric syndromes and cortical atrophy. Method 33 AD patients were examined by Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Patients and 29 controls underwent a 3T MRI scanning. We considered four NPI syndromes: affective, apathy, hyperactivity and psychosis. Correlations between structural imaging and neuropsychiatric scores were performed by Freesurfer. Results were significant with a p-value < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons. Results Patients exhibited atrophy in entorhinal cortices, left inferior and middle temporal gyri, and precuneus bilaterally. There was correlation between affective syndrome and cortical thickness in right frontal structures, insula and temporal pole. Conclusion Cortical thickness measures revealed atrophy in mild AD. Depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with atrophy of right frontal, temporal and insular cortices.
Study of the use of analgesics by patients with headache at a specialized outpatient clinic (ACEF)
Authors: Chagas Olga Francis Pita , Éckeli Fabiola Dach , Bigal Marcelo E. , Silva Mayko Olinto Amaral da , Speciali Jose Geraldo
Published: July 2015

Objective : To evaluate the use of analgesics in headache diagnosed in Outpatients Headache Clinic (ACEF), as well as his involvement in the activities of the patients. Method : 145 patients with headache seen at ACEF during the period August/July 2009/2010 underwent a questionnaire and interview with neurologist responsible for the final diagnosis according to ICHD-II. Results : Relationship Women:Men 7:1. 1) Prevalence: Migraine without aura (52.4%), migraine with aura (12.4%), chronic migraine (15.2%) and medication overuse headache (MOH) (20%). 2) Analgesic drugs used: Compounds with Dipyrone (37%), Dipyrone (23%), Paracetamol (16%) compound with Paracetamol (6%), triptans (6%) and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (12%). There was a significant decrease in the duration of pain and less interference in the activities of the headache patients after the use of analgesics. Conclusion : Prevalence of MOH has been increasing in population level and specialized services. New studies emphasizing the MOH are needed to assist in the improvement of their diagnostic and therapeutic approach.