bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation, constructal design, and systematic search applied to the geometrical evaluation of hat-stiffened plates under bending
Authors:   Graduate Program in Computational Modeling (PPGMC), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil, Alves Mariana Alvarenga , Rodrigues Eduarda Machado ,   Graduate Program in Ocean Engineering (PPGEO), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil, Pinto Vinícius Torres ,   Graduate Program in Ocean Engineering (PPGEO), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil, Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira ,   Graduate Program in Computational Modeling (PPGMC), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil, dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues ,   Graduate Program in Computational Modeling (PPGMC), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil, Isoldi Liércio André ,   Graduate Program in Computational Modeling (PPGMC), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil
Published: February 2025

Steel plates have wide structural applications in various engineering sectors due to their combination of lightness, efficiency, and high load-bearing capacity. When stiffeners are added to these structures, the deflections can be significantly minimized. In this study, hat-stiffened plates having box-girder stiffeners with a trapezoidal shape, positioned longitudinally along the plate, are considered to evaluate their influence on the maximum and central deflection of the structure. The analyses in this work are carried out using ANSYS Mechanical APDL software, employing a validated and verified computational model developed with the SHELL281 finite element. Starting from a reference plate without stiffeners, the Constructal Design method was applied, allowing to propose different geometric configurations for plates with longitudinal hat-stiffeners, keeping the total steel volume constant. All these cases were simulated numerically and their results were compared through a Systematic Search technique. Among these 100 different cases investigated, the geometric configuration with 1 hat-stiffener of 250 mm in height and 9.53 mm in thickness achieved the best performance, resulting in a reduction of approximately 86% in maximum and central deflections compared to the reference plate. This highlights its effectiveness in minimizing out-of-plane displacements.
Towards sustainable justice: looking for AI-driven solutions for legal practice and court monitoring
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Izarova Irina
Published: February 2025

This research explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in legal practice, focusing on AI-driven solutions for managing large datasets of court decisions and improving judicial efficiency in Ukraine. The study demonstrates the importance of AI in addressing challenges related to the overwhelming influx of unstructured legal data, which human resources alone cannot manage effectively. The project titled “Innovative Technologies for Processing Court Decisions Using Machine Learning Algorithms” applied AI methodologies to collect, label, and analyze over 300,000 court cases. Through the analysis, the research identified ways of defining patterns of inconsistency, judicial errors, and procedural anomalies, providing a foundation for further legal reforms in Ukraine. The project also highlights the potential of AI to advocate for out-of-court resolution mechanisms to ease the burden on courts. While the pilot phase was limited in scope, it demonstrated the viability of AI-assisted legal processes, setting the stage for future research. A comprehensive review of existing literature on AI applications in legal settings was conducted, revealing significant advancements but also gaps in AI’s role in case law monitoring and judicial decision-making. Additionally, the research identifies AI's capacity to automate repetitive legal tasks, reduce inefficiencies, and improve access to justice in post-conflict environments like Ukraine. Continued efforts will focus on refining AI algorithms and scaling up the labeling process to improve the accuracy of legal predictions and enhance transparency, fairness, and efficiency in Ukraine’s legal system, particularly in the post-war context.
ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN INDIGENOUS AND NON-INDIGENOUS SCHOOLS
Authors: Bollettin Paride , Danaga Amanda Cristina , Peggion Edmundo Antonio
Published: February 2025

The paper discusses potentialities and challenges of the implementation of the Law 11.645/2008, which establishes the inclusion of the mandatory theme “Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous History and Culture” in the guidelines and bases of Brazilian national education. To focus the topic, it starts by describing a series of actions developed in the context of a dialogue between Indigenous and non-indigenous schools and academia in the State of São Paulo, and involving Indigenous and non-indigenous teachers. The theses is that these actions highlight the importance of developing strategies based on a dialogue between the Indigenous epistemological proposals and the non-Indigenous ones as a constructive and promising suggestion for future similar initiatives in the direction of a more plural pedagogical environment.
Agriculture Based Food Producing Countries Are Less Secured in Food
Authors: Aktar Jesmin , Islam Khan Md Shaiful
Published: February 2025

Background: Food security of a nation depends upon availability and access to agricultural safe products like grain, fishing, forestry, livestock, etc. Agricultural products cover a large part of national GDP in food producing countries but need to assess food security status of those nations. This paper intended to discuss the food insecurity paradox, which is more apparent in some agriculture-based countries around the globe where increased agricultural GDP shares correspond to negative levels of both food security and per capita income and give an overview on the global trends. Methods: Data was collected from the publication of EIU Global Food Security Index and World Bank. A total number of 113 countries were considered for the data on food security index (FSI), per capita income, and percent employment in agriculture. Results: Countries with higher GDP contribution in agriculture have negative correlation with FSI and per capita income but have a positive relationship with the employment rate in agriculture. That means people involved in production of food are not getting food as much and this is the reason not to access food as they have less per capita income. On the other hand, countries with much less GDP contribution in agriculture had an insignificant relationship with per capita income and employment rate in agriculture. Conclusion: Countries producing less food have access to food due to per capita income from sources other than agriculture. So, the nations that contribute to the production of food are less secured in food, which may be due to low per capita income of many people involved in agriculture sector but they make a great contribution to global food security.
Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Narmcheshm Saba , Toorang Fatemeh , Sasanfar Bahareh , Hadji Maryam , Motlagh Ahmadreza Dorosty , Zendehdel Kazem
Published: February 2025

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common cancer among Iranian men. A diet rich in antioxidant compounds has been offered as an appropriate strategy for reducing the risk of GC. This study aimed to determine the possible association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and the Iranian population's GC risk. Methods: In total, 178 newly diagnosed GC patients and 238 healthy controls were recruited for this hospital-based case-control study. Dietary intakes were collected using a validated 146-item diet history questionnaire (DHQ), and dTAC was analyzed using Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. Results: The mean value of dTAC was 10.42±5.42 for cases and 11.42±5.86 for controls. Black tea, fruits, and cereals consumption were the main contributors to dTAC in both groups. DTAC was associated with a reduction in the risk of GC (OR 0.54; 95%CI: 0.31–0.92) (second vs. lowest tertile). This association did not change after adjustment for body mass index, education, energy intake, smoking, and Helicobacter pylori infection (0.55; 95% CI: 0.31-0.99). There was no significant association between fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes TAC with GC. Conclusion: The whole intake of dTAC from different food sources was not high in the population; however, this amount showed a preventive effect against GC.
Investigating the Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Serotyping of Shigella Isolates from Traditional and Industrial Olivier Salads
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Shiva , Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Samimi-Rad Katayoun , Mirbagheri Seyedeh Zohre , Naser Ahmad , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2025

Background: Food-borne diseases are one of the major problems in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, and serotyping of Shigella isolates from Olivier salad. Methods: 150 samples of Olivier salad, including 50 industrial samples from 10 different available brands in Tehran's shops and 100 traditional samples from Tehran's southern regions, were randomly obtained between April to October of 2021. These samples were examined for bacterial isolation and identification, which was finally confirmed by the API-20E kit. Then, a serological reaction was used to confirm Shigella and determine the species. The antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates was evaluated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2021) instructions by the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Among these samples, 10 isolates (6.6%) of Shigella were isolated, of which 6 (4%) belonged to serogroup D (Shigella sonnei), 3 (2%) to serogroup B (Shigella flexneri), and 1 isolate (0.66%) belonged to serogroup C (Shigella boydii). This study showed that all Shigella isolates were related to traditional Olivier salad and were not Shigella spp. isolated from the industrial salad. Other bacteria isolated from traditional salad included Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was not observed in all isolates, and among 10 isolates of Shigella, 40%  showed complete resistance to ampicillin, but other isolates showed 60% intermediate resistance to this antibiotic. No resistance was observed for other tested antibiotics. Conclusion: The difference between the level of contamination in both traditional and industrial samples of salad well indicates familiarity with sanitary protocols and standards provided to reduce the microbial load.
Association between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Odds of Preeclampsia: A Case-control Study
Authors: Taherkhani Mahshid , Montazerifar Farzaneh , Hekmatdoost Azita , Rashidkhani Bahram , Payandeh Abolfazl , Karajibani Mansour
Published: February 2025

Background: Preeclampsia may cause maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be involved in the development of preeclampsia; however, the role of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) on preeclampsia risk has not yet been elucidated. Thus, this study aims to assess the relationship between DTAC and odds of preeclampsia. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 240 pregnant women (preeclampsia, n=60; controls, n=180) in Qazvin, Iran. Controls were 3:1 ratio matched with cases in terms of participants’ age and gestational age. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire evaluating the preceding year. DTAC was measured by two methods: ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between preeclampsia and DTAC and also selected antioxidants. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, a significant inverse relationship was found between ORAC and preeclampsia; individuals in the highest tertile of ORAC were 67% less likely to have preeclampsia than those in the lowest tertile of ORAC (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11-0.97; P-trend<0.05). There was no significant relation between FRAP and preeclampsia. The risk of preeclampsia was 70% lower among subjects with the highest tertile of vitamin C intake compared to the lowest tertile of it. Conclusion: Pregnant women with the highest tertile of ORAC and vitamin C intake were at lower risk of preeclampsia. Therefore, prospective studies are needed to confirm the protective effects of dietary anti-oxidants on preeclampsia incidence.
Management of GERD Adherence to Mediterranean-Like Dietary Pattern in Association with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Adolescents
Authors: AhmadiVasmehjani Azam , Beigrezaei Sara , Nafei Zahra , Behniafard Nasrin , Darabi Zahra , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Aflatoonian Majid
Published: February 2025

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common esophageal disorder affecting adolescents. Recent studies have indicated that the risk of GERD may be influenced by different dietary patterns. This study aimed to examine the relationship between an adherence to Mediterranean-like dietary pattern and GERD in a large group of adolescents from central Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 5141 adolescents aged 13-14 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency method which included in a reliable and valid Global Asthma Network (GAN) core questionnaire. GERD symp­toms and the frequency of their occurrence over the last week were assessed using a validated GERD questionnaire. A binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between adherence to Mediterranean-like dietary pattern and GERD and its related symptoms. Results: The results showed that after controlling for potential confounding variables including age, sex, watching TV and computer, and BMI, the adolescents in the highest adherence to the Mediterranean style diet (MedDiet) score had lower odds of GERD [odds ratio (OR)=0.53; 95% CI 0.35-0.80, Ptrend=0.005)], sense of reflux (OR=0.45; 95% CI 0.26-0.77, Ptrend=0.01) and poor sleep (OR=0.54; 95% CI 0.31-0.96, Ptrend=0.02) compared with those in the lowest adherence. No significant association found between MedDiet and other GERD symptoms. Conclusions: This study found a negative relationship between following a MedDiet and having GERD among Iranian adolescents. Following the MedDiet may be a useful strategy to prevent GERD in adolescents.
The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Self-Reported Aggression in Healthy Adult Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Montazeri Rahele Sadat , Shidfar Farzad , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Kholasezade Golraste
Published: February 2025

Background: There is a positive relationship between aggressive behaviors and gut microbiota composition. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on self-reported aggression in healthy adult men. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 100 healthy adult men working at Iran University of Medical Sciences. Members of synbiotic group (SG) received 2 capsules daily containing 500 mg of synbiotic (Familact) and members of placebo group (PG) received 2 placebo capsules daily for 8 weeks. The intensity of aggression (verbal, physical aggression, hostility, and anger), depression, anxiety and stress, food intake, physical activity, and anthropometric indicators were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS software version 26. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Thirty people completed the study. The synbiotic supplement caused a significant decrease in total aggression at the end of the intervention, compared to PG (P=0.04). Moreover, verbal aggression decreased in both groups compared to the beginning of the study, while it was significant in SG (P=0.005). There was no difference in the intensity of physical aggression, anger, and hostility after intervention. Conclusion: Synbiotics may be useful in reducing self-reported aggression in healthy adult men.
Ultra Processed Food Addiction among People: A Mini-Review of the Evidence
Authors: Rezazadegan Mahsa , Amani Reza
Published: February 2025

Background: According to the availability of various types of processed food products worldwide, the demand for their consumption has increased. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) containing high amounts of sodium, hydrogenated oils, and refined carbohydrates are triggers for activating the same neural pathways and act like drug abuse. On the other hand, changing the food environment is a key factor in obesity prevalence and its related outcomes. It may be attributed to addiction to foods that has also been called “eating dependence” which emphasizes the behavior, not the food itself. Food addiction is important for a better understanding of psychiatric and medical problems such as eating disorders, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this mini-review, we will examine food addiction and the appropriate strategies for its management. Conclusion: Because food addiction has negative health consequences, strategies for reducing the accessibility of UPFs should be warranted. Also, high fiber intake and consumption of probiotic products should be considered. Further interventional studies are needed to manage this problem.
Intelligent Fault Detection and Self-Healing Architectures in Distributed Software Systems for Mission-Critical Applications
Authors: Kambala Gireesh
Published: February 2025

Self-healing and intelligent fault detection systems are very vital frameworks if we are to raise the dependability and resilience of distributed software systems in mission-critical applications. By use of contemporary technologies including predictive analytics, machine learning, and adaptive algorithms, these systems independently repair errors, actively evaluate system health, and find anomalies: Among the techniques these systems apply to keep low operational costs, continuous service delivery, and little downtime are redundancy, failover systems, and real-time diagnostics. Systems with self-healing capability offer scalability and fault tolerance in both dynamic and demanding environments as well as in optimal performance with various workloads. Using reference to its main features, advantages, and techniques, this book discusses intelligent defect management. The focus is on how these satisfy the dependability standards in domains such aviation, finance, and healthcare. This highlights the possibility to reorganise these systems to enhance operational resilience and efficiency, hence strengthening the dependability and autonomy of dispersed systems.
Computer analysis shows differences between mitochondrial miRNAs and other miRNAs
Authors: Vorozheykin P. S. , Titov I. I.
Published: February 2025

A subclass of miRNAs with as yet unknown specific functions is mitomiRs – mitochondrial miRNAs that are mainly derived from nuclear DNA and are imported into mitochondria; moreover, changes in the expression levels of mitomiRs are associated with some diseases. To identify the most pronounced characteristics of mitochondrial miRNAs that distinguish them from other miRNAs, we classified mitomiR sequences using the Random Forest algorithm. The analysis revealed, for the first time, a significant difference between mitomiRs and other microRNAs by the following criteria (in descending order of importance in the classification): mitomiRs are evolutionarily older (have a lower phylostratigraphic age index, PAI); have more targets and disease associations, including mitochondrial ones (twosided Fisher’s exact test, average p-values 1.82×10–89/1.13×10–96 for all mRNA/diseases and 6.01×10–22/1.09×10–9 for mitochondria, respectively); and are in the class of “circulating” miRNAs (average pvalue 1.20×10–56). The identified differences between mitomiRs and other miRNAs may help uncover the mode of miRNA delivery into mitochondria, indicate the evolutionary conservation and importance of mitomiRs in the regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolism, and generally show that mitomiRs are not randomly encountered miRNAs. Information on 1,312 experimentally validated mitomiR sequences for three organisms (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus) is collected in the mitomiRdb database (https://mitomiRdb.org).
Search for and functional annotation of multi-domain PLA2 family proteins in flatworms
Authors: Bocharnikova M. E. , Turnaev I. I. , Afonnikov D. A.
Published: February 2025

The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a superfamily of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids and play a key role in many molecular processes in the cells and the organism as a whole. This family consists of 16 groups divided into six main types. PLA2 were first isolated from venom toxins and porcine pancreatic juice. The study of these enzymes is currently of great interest, since it has been shown that a number of PLA2 are involved in the processes of carcinogenesis. PLA2 enzymes were characterized in detail in model organisms and humans. However, their presence and functional role in non-model organisms is poorly understood. Such poorly studied taxa include flatworms, a number of species of which are human parasites. Several PLA2 genes have previously been characterized in parasitic flatworms and their possible role in parasite-host interaction has been shown. However, no systematic identification of the PLA2 genes in this taxon has been carried out. The paper provides a search for and a comparative analysis of PLA2 sequences encoded in the genomes of flatworms. 44 species represented by two free-living and 42 parasitic organisms were studied. The analysis was based on identification of orthologous groups of protein-coding genes, taking into account the domain structure of proteins. In flatworms, 12 of the 13 known types of animal A2 phospholipases were found, represented by 11 orthologous groups. Some phospholipases of several types fell into one orthologous group, some types split into several orthogroups in accordance with their domain structure. It has been shown that phospholipases A2 of the calcium-independent type, platelet-activating phospho­lipases from group G8 and lysosomal phospholipases from group G15 are represented in all large taxa of flatworms and the vast majority of the species studied by us. In free-living flatworms PLA2 genes have multiple copies. In parasitic flatworms, on the contrary, loss of genes occur specifically in individual taxa specifically for groups or sub­families of PLAs. An orthologous group of secreted phospholipases has been identified, which is represented only in Digenea and this family has undergone duplications in the genomes of opisthorchids. Interestingly, a number of experimental studies have previously shown the effect of Clonorchis sinensis proteins of this orthogroup on the cancer transformation of host cells. Our results made it possible for the first time to systematically identify PLA2 sequences in flatworms, and demonstrated that their evolution is subject to gene loss processes characteristic of parasite genomes in general. In addition, our analysis allowed us to identify taxon-specific processes of duplication and loss of PLA2 genes in parasitic organisms, which may be associated with the processes of their interaction with the host organism.
Investigation of metabolic features of glioblastoma tissue and the peritumoral environment using targeted metabolomics screening by LC-MS/MS and gene network analysis
Authors: Basov N. V. , Adamovskaya A. V. , Rogachev A. D. , Gaisler E. V. , Demenkov P. S. , Ivanisenko T. V. , Venzel A. S. , Mishinov S. V. , Stupak V. V. , Cheresiz S. V. , Oleshko O. S. , Butikova E. A. , Osechkova A. E. , Sotnikova Yu. S. , Patrushev Y. V. , Pozdnyakov A. S. , Lavrik I. N. , Ivanisenko V. A. , Pokrovsky A. G.
Published: February 2025

The metabolomic profiles of glioblastoma and surrounding brain tissue, comprising 17 glioblastoma samples and 15 peritumoral tissue samples, were thoroughly analyzed in this investigation. The LC-MS/MS method was used to analyze over 400 metabolites, revealing significant variations in metabolite content between tumor and peritumoral tissues. Statistical analyses, including the Mann–Whitney and Cucconi tests, identified several metabolites, particularly ceramides, that showed significant differences between glioblastoma and peritumoral tissues. Pathway analysis using the KEGG database, conducted with MetaboAnalyst 6.0, revealed a statistically sig­nificant overrepresentation of sphingolipid metabolism, suggesting a critical role of these lipid molecules in glio­blastoma pathogenesis. Using computational systems biology and artificial intelligence methods implemented in a cognitive platform, ANDSystem, molecular genetic regulatory pathways were reconstructed to describe potential mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes. These reconstructed pathways were integrated into a regulatory gene network comprising 15 genes, 329 proteins, and 389 interactions. Notably, 119 out of the 294 proteins regulating the key enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism were associated with glioblastoma. Analysis of the overrepresentation of Gene Ontology biological processes revealed the statistical significance of 184 processes, including apoptosis, the NF-kB signaling pathway, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and py­roptosis, many of which play an important role in oncogenesis. The findings of this study emphasize the pivotal role of sphingolipid metabolism in glioblastoma development and open new prospects for therapeutic approaches modulating this metabolism.
Reconstruction and computational analysis of the microRNA regulation gene network in wheat drought response mechanisms
Authors: Kleshchev M. A. , Maltseva A. V. , Antropova E. A. , Demenkov P. S. , Ivanisenko T. V. , Orlov Y. L. , Chao H. , Chen M. , Kolchanov N. A. , Ivanisenko V. A.
Published: February 2025

Drought is a critical factor limiting the productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the key agricultural crops. Wheat adaptation to water deficit is ensured by complex molecular genetic mechanisms, including the coordinated work of multiple genes regulated by transcription factors and signaling non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is considered one of the main mechanisms of plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Studying these mechanisms necessitates computational systems biology methods. This work aims to reconstruct and analyze the gene network associated with miRNA regulation of wheat adaptation to drought. Using the ANDSystem software and the specialized Smart crop knowledge base adapted for wheat genetics and breeding, we reconstructed a wheat gene network responding to water deficit, comprising 144 genes, 1,017 proteins, and 21 wheat miRNAs. Analysis revealed that miRNAs primarily regulate genes controlling the morphogenesis of shoots and roots, crucial for morphological adaptation to drought. The key network components regulated by miRNAs are the MYBa and WRKY41 family transcription factors, heat-shock protein HSP90, and the RPM1 protein. These proteins are associated with phytohormone signaling pathways and calcium-dependent protein kinases significant in plant water deficit adaptation. Several miRNAs (MIR7757, MIR9653a, MIR9671 and MIR9672b) were identified that had not been previously discussed in wheat drought adaptation. These miRNAs regulate many network nodes and are promising candidates for experimental studies to enhance wheat resistance to water deficiency. The results obtained can find application in breeding for the development of new wheat varieties with increased resistance to water deficit, which is of substantial importance for agriculture in the context of climate change.
Root cap border cells as regulators of rhizosphere microbiota
Authors: Omelyanchuk N. A. , Cherenko V. A. , Zemlyanskaya E. V.
Published: February 2025

A rhizosphere (a narrow area of soil around plant roots) is an ecological niche, within which beneficial microorganisms and pathogens compete with each other for organic carbon compounds and for the opportunity to colonize roots. The roots secrete rhizodeposits into the rhizosphere, which include border cells, products of root cell death and liquids secreted by living cells (root exudates). Border cells, which have their name due to their location in the soil next to the root (at the border of the root and soil), represent terminal differentiation of columella and adjacent lateral root cap cells. Border cells can detach from the root cap surface both as single cells and as cell layers. Border cells are constantly supplied to the soil throughout plant life, and the type and intensity of border cells’ sloughing depend on both plant species and soil conditions. Currently, data on the factors that control the type of border cells’ release and its regulation have been described in different plant species. Border cells are specialized for interaction with the environment, in particular, they are a living barrier between soil microbiota and roots. After separation of border cells from the root tip, transcription of primary metabolism genes decreases, whereas transcription of secondary metabolism genes as well as the synthesis and secretion of mucilage containing these metabolites along with extracellular DNA, proteoglycans and other substances increase. The mucilage that the border cells are embedded in serves both to attract microorganisms promoting plant growth and to protect plants from pathogens. In this review, we describe interactions of border cells with various types of microorganisms and demonstrate their importance for plant growth and disease resistance.
Exploring factors influencing phonological errors of Indonesian EFL students
Authors: Marelita Dema Finda , Iftanti Erna
Published: February 2025

For non-native English speakers, phonological errors posed a serious problem, especially for those from Indonesia, where the local language's phonological structure is very different from English's. The goal of the study was to determine the elements that lead to phonological errors in Indonesian EFL students' sound production. Using a descriptive qualitative methodology, the study examined the factors that lead to growing errors in English phonology by analyzing several article and process them into new idea. The researchers looked at a number of variables, such as the learners' exposure to English and linguistic background, that affect these errors. The study also looked at how these elements work together to affect how Indonesian learners produce sounds. This study found several factors emerging phonological errors of Indonesian EFL student, they are phonetic system gap, social condition, and lack of phonological awareness. The study's emphasized how crucial it is to teach English pronunciation while taking the learners' native tongue and cultural background. EFL teachers should be aware of the variations in the phonological systems of English and Indonesian and implement teaching strategies that take these differences. Furthermore, the sociolinguistic and socioeconomic circumstances of the students had an impact on the phonological errors,
The effectiveness of pre-reading activity by using QARS towards students reading comprehension at A2 level
Authors: Afifah Alif Jihan , Yuniar Rendhi Fatrisna
Published: February 2025

Reading is a receptive skill that involves decoding the written symbol and understanding the meaning. According to CEFR Framework the reading abilities are divided into several level namely: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. Throughout the level the educator can adapt the material for student capability. The study object determine the effectiveness pre-reading activity using the question-answer strategy (QARS) to improve the reading comprehension a A2 level. The study employed the quantitative method, involving 57 students in eleventh-grade from MAN 1 MALANG, by divided into experimental and control groups. The data collected using pre-test and post-test by analyzed Mann-Whitney U test which obtained the P-values 0.00. The result revealed that the experimental group achieved a significantly higher score 89.25 which compared to control class who achieved score76.66. These study finding suggest the incorporation QARS into Pre-reading activities to enhance students reading comprehension. The study implication engage the educator to integrate the QARS into their teaching strategies to foster the critical thinking for student.
Enriching English vocabulary of young learners by using the “Word Guess” game and flashcard media
Authors: Utami Irma Fajar Tri , Lestari Titis Yekti , Rosyta Merie Dreana Kamelia , Indriani Lilia
Published: February 2025

This research aims to introduce English to young learners by enriching their vocabulary through the "Word Guess" game with flashcard media. The study used the Classroom Action Research method, involving planning, action, observation, and reflection cycles. The participants were 30 class B children from a private kindergarten in Magelang Regency, comprising 17 boys and 13 girls. The test results revealed that using the "Word Guess" game and flashcard media significantly improved the children’s English vocabulary and learning motivation. Students’ comprehension achievements reached 80%, while their learning motivation increased by 83.33%. Furthermore, the implementation of this method led to a 40% improvement in students’ knowledge, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining the "Word Guess" game with flashcards. The "Word Guess" game, enhanced by the use of colorful flashcards, made learning English enjoyable and interactive for the young learners. The activities encouraged active participation, improved focus, and helped build a positive attitude toward learning English. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the "Word Guess" game using flashcard media is an effective and engaging strategy for enriching English vocabulary among young learners. It not only boosts comprehension and motivation but also supports the development of foundational language skills.
Analysis of higher order thinking skills questions in reading exercises of "Bright" book for ninth grade
Authors: Parel M.Ewaldo , Sujarwati Iis
Published: February 2025

This research aims to identify the cognitive dimensions present in the textbook "Bright" and examine the composition and distribution of higher order thinking skills in reading exercises as classified by Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The research employs a descriptive quantitative methodology, focusing on the ninth-grade textbook "Bright," published by Erlangga in 2024. Data collection was conducted using a checklist instrument. The findings reveal that: 1) The reading questions in the "Bright" textbook encompass only five cognitive dimensions: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, and evaluating. 2) Analysis results indicate that 92.8% of the reading questions are categorized as Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS), while only 7.2% fall under Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This suggests a predominance of Lower Order Thinking Skills over Higher Order Thinking Skills in the reading questions of the "Bright" textbook. Consequently, the questions presented in the "Bright" textbook primarily focus on Lower Order Thinking Skills rather than fostering Higher Order Thinking Skills. Relying solely on the English textbook as a pedagogical resource is insufficient for enhancing students' abilities in Higher Order Thinking Skills.
Developing reading comprehension assessment: flashcard assessment media for junior high school student
Authors: Mu'ammalatun Astuti , Wahyuni Sri
Published: February 2025

This study aims to develop a reading comprehension assessment tool using flashcard media for 9th-grade junior high school students, based on the ADDIE model. The development process of the flashcards began with a needs analysis to identify challenges in reading comprehension among students. The developed flashcards include various question types aligned with curriculum standards and were validated by experts to ensure their accuracy, clarity, and appeal. The trial involved a reading test consisting of 25 choice questions. The analysis results showed that the majority of the items (80%) were valid and suitable for assessing students' comprehension, while 20% required revision. Additionally, the reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.839, indicating high internal consistency. This study concludes that flashcards, as an assessment tool, are effective and reliable in improving reading comprehension among 9th-grade junior high school students.
EL FAM, UNA ALTERNATIVA DE ANÁLISIS DINÁMICO NO LINEAL
Authors: Patlán Manjarrez Carlos Mauricio , Hernández Barrios Hugo
Published: February 2025

El Método de Analogía de la Fuerza, FAM, (Force Analogy Method) es una herramienta innovadora que permite realizar el análisis estático y dinámico de una estructura considerando la no linealidad del material. El FAM puede usarse considerando historias de tiempo aplicadas en la base o en la masa de cualquier sistema; el FAM es una herramienta que permite hacer análisis con precisión y rapidez, con una gran eficiencia computacional. La metodología puede emplearse en sistemas con control pasivo y activo, además de considerar modelos de comportamiento a flexión, carga axial, cortante y efectos no lineales debido a la geometría del elemento. En este artículo, se presenta en detalle el FAM, proporcionando sus bases teóricas y una guía para su implantación práctica. Se muestran ejemplos prácticos que abarcan desde sistemas de un grado de libertad hasta estructuras de varios niveles, considerando no linealidad debida a la flexión utilizando el modelo bilineal. Los resultados se comparan con los obtenidos por los métodos tradicionales de análisis, obteniéndose resultados similares.
Indagaciones de la cultura otaku
Authors: De Jesús Segura Leonel
Published: February 2025

The objective of this article is to make a qualitative analysis of otaku culture from a transdisciplinary approach in which historical, social and symbolic perspectives are involved.
Experiencia Ponce
Authors: García Osorio Luis Alberto
Published: February 2025

Description of my experience at the “PONCE 243: Complete piano work” festival
Mini-Review: the gut microbiota-muscle axis and its role in aging research
Authors: Tossi Gabriel M. , Rodrigues Rodrigo , Dillenburg Alessandra M. , Pietta-Dias Caroline
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Aging is a multifactorial process, one of whose key consequences is the decline in muscle strength and mass, which directly impacts the functional capacity of older adults. One possible mechanism involved in this process is the role of gut microbiota in muscle atrophy.
AIM: To explore the role of the gut microbiota-muscle axis during aging, investigating its relationship with functional outcomes and the potential for intervention.
METHOD: A mini-review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases with the keywords “microbiota”, “microbiome”, “gut-muscle axis”, “aging” and “muscle”.
RESULTS: Aging affects the gut microbiota, notably its bacterial composition (with increases in Proteobacteria, Clostridium, and Enterococcus), along with an increased release of lipopolysaccharides and a reduction in short-chain fatty acid production. These changes are linked to signaling pathways involved in muscle atrophy. Despite evidence showing how the gut microbiota-muscle axis influences muscle mass loss during aging, the direct relationship with functional capacity remains limited. However, physical training and diet are non-pharmacological interventions that can modify the gut microbiota.
CONCLUSION: The mechanisms underlying the gut microbiota-muscle axis present opportunities for further investigation into aging health and motor performance, particularly concerning nutrition and physical training.
From Binary Perspectives to Context-Sensitive Approaches: Changing Trends in Scholarship on Political Islam in Turkey, Tunisia and Indonesia
Authors: Fuad Ahmad Nur
Published: February 2025

This article deals with changing trends in scholarship on political Islam in Turkey, Tunisia, and Indonesia. Over the past decades, studies on political Islam have undergone significant changes, shaped by dynamic political contexts and theoretical frameworks. This article highlights changes in academic perspectives regarding political Islam within diverse global and national contexts. In Turkey, scholarship has shifted to analyzing interplays between secularism and political Islam under the Justice and Development Party (AKP). The post-Arab Spring in Tunisia has spurred academic investigations into the involvement of Ennahda with democracy and secular state institutions amid political instability. In Indonesia, scholars have examined various manifestations of political Islam represented by the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in the context of democratic processes. This article is a literature study, based primarily upon scholarly works on political Islam, it argues that scholarship on political Islam in the three countries witnesses changes, from binary narratives to more context-sensitive approaches, reflecting the evolutionary nature of political Islam in dynamic political landscapes. Initially perceiving political Islam as ideologically rigid, various studies now acknowledge the engagement of Islamist parties in democratic processes and their adaptation to gender issues, integration into transnational connections, and dynamic interplay with secularism. This article reveals that the moderation theory can be an analytical tool for scrutinizing changing trends in studying political Islam.
Actividades eficaces en la prevención primaria de la depresión en el adulto mayor: revisión integrativa
Authors: Chumpitaz Huapaya Jocelyn Milagritos , Torrejón Pariona Jessica Mery , Choque Crispin Elena Marisela , Ildefonso Cajahuaringa Johanna Rosalyn , Benel Cerna Diana , Mori Chuquichaico Giovana
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Sistematizar la evidencia científica sobre las actividades de prevención primaria eficaces para afrontar la depresión del adulto mayor. Materiales y métodos: Revisión integrativa que consistió en buscar fuentes bibliográficas en las bases de datos PubMed, BVS, SciELO y Google Académico, que hayan sido elaboradas entre los años 2018 y 2024, en idiomas portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: Se recopilaron 13 artículos cuyos hallazgos muestran que las actividades físicas, recreativas y lúdicas son las principales formas de prevenir la depresión y ayudan a las personas mayores a obtener salud y confort. Conclusiones: La prevención principal de la depresión en adultos mayores es la actividad física, combinada con musicoterapia, actividades recreativas y juegos tradicionales. Con su enfoque educador en la salud mental, el papel de la enfermería es relevante en el nivel primario de salud.
Adherencia a las indicaciones y atención médica ambulatoria desde la perspectiva de cuidadores de niños
Authors: Tello D. M. Paulina , Ubillús-Arriola Gloria , Marín-Portocarrero Julio , Revilla-Velásquez María Elena
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Describir la adherencia al tratamiento y atención médica ambulatoria desde la perspectiva de los cuidadores de niños. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cualitativa, con enfoque de estudio de caso de tipo descriptivo. Participaron como informantes 14 cuidadores de niños que acudieron a la consulta ambulatoria en una institución de salud pediátrica de alta complejidad resolutiva, quienes fueron seleccionados por saturación o redundancia y criterios de inclusión. En la recolección de datos se usó una guía de entrevista semiestructurada, y luego la data fue sometida a análisis temático. Resultados: Surgieron cinco categorías y siete subcategorías, destacándose aspectos positivos y negativos, como conflicto sociocultural mediado por barreras comunicacionales verbales y no verbales, atención médica centrada en la patología, falta de apoyo y dificultades en la entrega de citas médicas en admisión. En cuanto a los aspectos positivos, se encontró un alto nivel de adherencia al tratamiento médico por parte del cuidador. Los aspectos negativos identificados se relacionaron con la necesidad de humanizar el cuidado de la salud en las instituciones, ya que en la actualidad esta tendencia ha cobrado mayor relevancia y ha sido refrendada por muchos autores. Conclusiones: En las narrativas se logró identificar aspectos negativos y positivos durante la atención médica ambulatoria. Los negativos tienen que ver con las relaciones entre el médico y el cuidador, y los positivos favorecen la adherencia a las indicaciones médicas por parte del cuidador.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning to Enhance Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills and Interest in Global Warming Material
Authors: Kurniawan Aris , Wiyatmo Yusman , Putri Utami , Naba Sul Daeng , Dua Padang Veronika
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine how implementing the problem-based learning (PBL) model has improved students' higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and their interest in global warming material. This study employed a descriptive method intended to accurately describe a variable, phenomenon, or condition as it exists. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used in this study, with one classroom serving as the sample. The sample for this study was selected from class X-E of SMAN 1 Ngaglik in the 2023/2024 academic year, which consisted of 31 students, using a lottery-based random sampling method. A HOTS test was administered to measure the abilities in analysis, evaluation, and creation defined in Bloom's taxonomy to collect data. Furthermore, participants were required to submit an interest questionnaire. The interest questionnaire used indicators of interest, including 1) student interest, 2) the feeling of pleasure, 3) student involvement, and 4) student attention. Students' HOTS on global warming material showed a significant improvement, with an N-gain score of 0.67 and scores rising from 54.84 to 85, classified as moderate. Students' interest in global warming material increased from a score of 37.76 to 78.71, with an N-gain score of 0.66, also categorized as moderate. The results of the paired sample t-test on HOTS and student interest showed the same result, namely, Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05. The paired t-test results and the percentage of normalized gain score, show that the PBL model can be used to significantly enhance students' HOTS and interest in global warming material. The results of this study provide teachers with practical suggestions for establishing innovative, meaningful, and rich learning environments that foster students' intellectual curiosity and improve their HOTS.