bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple fully conformal solution of Einstein's gravitational equations and the agreement of its implications with astrophysical data
Authors: Dvorsky Richard
Published: March 2023

Another cosmological redshift mechanism could exist in general relativity, as is differences in the global metric field gμν between the radiation source in the past, and the observer in the present, known as gravitational redshift in massive stars. In this paper, we present a fully conformal global metric model with time scaling that would lead to the above alternative interpretation of the cosmological redshift. It is based on a relatively simple global solution of Einstein's gravitational equations without the cosmological term, and the analysis also shows other interesting astrophysical implications. The model naturally solves the problem of critical density and spatial flatness, as well as the problem of cosmological redshift in the spectra of distant astrophysical sources, and the problem of Olbers' and Seeliger's paradox. At the same time, it replaces the strict causal horizon principle with a much softer formulation-the region of the practically observable universe. Confrontation with astrophysical data provides interesting agreement with the spatial distribution of astrophysical radiation sources such as γ-ray bursts and quasars. However, probably the most important consequence is the new, generalized formulation of Hubble's law z(r) = (exp(Hr/c)-1), which shows good agreement R 2 ≈ 0.9824 with experimental data even for very distant sources. The paper also physically justifies in principle the modification of Newton's law of gravity for infinite space proposed by Seeliger. The modifying exponential term exp(-Hr/c) is uniquely quantified by the Hubble parameter and the speed of light.
Induction motor mechanical defect diagnosis using DWT under different loading levels
Authors: Bouzida Ahcene , Abdelli Radia , Boudouda Aimad
Published: March 2023

The information extraction capability of the widely used signal processing tool, FFT for diagnosing induction machines, is commonly used at a constant load or at different levels. The loading level is a major influencing factor in the diagnostic process when the coupled load and the machine come with natural mechanical imperfections, and at a low load, the mechanical faults harmonics are strongly influenced. In this context, the main objective of this work is the detection of the mechanical faults and the study of the effect of the loading level on the induction motor diagnostic process. We have employed a diagnosis method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for the multi-level decomposition of stator current and extracting the fault’s energy stored over a wide frequency range. The proposed approach has been experimentally tested on a faulty machine with dynamic eccentricity and a shaft misalignment for three loading levels. The proposed method is experimentally tested and the results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the fault detection and to point out the importance of the coupled load.
Main parathyroid tumors
Authors: Garifullin A. I. , Absaliamova R. M. , Dubinina A. V. , Yufanova A. I. , Smirnova V. M. , Ishbulatova J. T. , Sharabarova M. V. , Khusnutdinova E. A. , Safronova D. V. , Gabdullina A. A. , Aibulatov A. I. , Sitdikova D. R.
Published: March 2023

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common disease of the endocrine system. It is characterized by an increase in parathyroid hormone, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia. Symptoms include polyuria, bone pain, weakness, and constipation. In most cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by solitary parathyroid adenoma — 85%. Other causes include hyperplasia (5%), multiple adenomas (<5%), and cancer (<1%). However, particular attention in this article is paid to two causes of primary hyperparathyroidism: parathyroid adenoma and cancer, as they are of high interest both from a molecular point of view and from the clinical features of these tumors. In addition, these tumors overlap in their symptoms and signs and the diagnosis is often made only after histological examination. In total, we identified 2700 articles, of which 66 met the inclusion criteria. The 66 included studies were topical for tumor lesions of the parathyroid gland. They were held between 1997 and 2022. This review emphasizes the importance of further research of the molecular features of these diseases and, possibly, targeted treatment options, since, for example, in cancer, even with R0 resection, the risk of recurrence is high. The article also focuses on the issues of the new World Health Organization 2022 classification of tumor lesions of the parathyroid gland, which is also important for a unified study of these tumors.
Pheochromocytoma with paraneoplastic phenomena manifested as myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Sergiiko S. V. , Korotovsky D. V. , Tul`ganova V. L. , Lomova I. V. , Butorin A. S.
Published: March 2023

We present a clinical case of 22yo patient with diagnosis of pheochoromocytoma complicated with myelodysplastic syndrome as manifestation of paraneoplastic phenomenon. The onset of the disease displays typical clinical picture of pheochromacytoma. After medical examination and survey it was discovered a tumor in left adrenal gland and elevation of metanephrines and normetanephrines. In addition, patient has severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. Sternal punction with morphological examination and immunophenotyping were performed. Patient had consulted by hematologist. After all additional analysis cause of anemia and thrombocytopenia remained unknown and related to presence of tumor.

Patient was performed a long-time and vast pre-operative preparation with administration of doxazosin and transfusions of blood and platelet concentrate. In continuation, mass in left adrenal gland was excised with spleen by thoracophrenolaparotomy. Morphology confirmed pheochromacytoma, which has typical histological structure and circulatory disorders. Spleen has no specifical features except of focuses of extramedullar hematopoiesis. Patient has short period of hormone therapy to avoid adrenal crisis on post-operative stage. Also massive transfutions of blood and platelet concentrate was performed due to persisting anemia and thrombocytopenia. There were no manifestations of hemorrhage syndrome after the surgery. Myelodysplastic syndrome was detected 3 month later and manifested itself in form of refractory anemia and severe thrombocytopenia, which persisted for long period and required corrections with therapy and transfusions. Only through 5-year observation after adrenalectomy patient has positive dynamic and leveling of laboratory tests without symptoms of myelodysplastic syndrome.
Gênero e sexualidade sob a perspectiva dos estudos feministas queer
Authors: Barros Carla Miucci Ferraresi de , Vilela Fabrício Marçal
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo traz algumas das discussões contemporânea apresentadas pelos Estudos Feministas e os Estudos Queer, abordando o debate entre a filósofa estadunidense Judith Butler e o filósofo espanhol e transfeminista Paul B. Preciado, apresentamos suas contribuições para a construção e problematização das categorias analíticas de gênero e sexualidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gênero. Sexualidade. Teoria Queer. Judith Butler. Paul B. Preciado
Grupo de mulheres na Atenção Básica
Authors: Matos Ana Julia Santos , Rodrigues Alana Pereira , Ramos Débora de Souza F. , Iglesias Alexandra
Published: March 2023

Este artigo descreve uma experiência vivenciada com grupo de mulheres em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família de Vitória (ES). A experiência evidenciou que mulheres se destacam como importante grupo a ser atendido além das práticas médicas, já que outras dimensões compõem o universo feminino.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Psicologia. Sistema Único de Saúde. Atenção básica. Grupos. Saúde da mulher.
Dura Máter
Authors: Lauermann Caroline Leszczynski Nunes
Published: March 2023

Resenha da obra:

GOMES, Bruna, Dura Máter, 1ª edição, Teatro de Arena, Porto Alegre-RS, Al-málgama, 2019, 33 min.
Design and Development of Modular Customised Ration Storage System Silo for Service Specific Applications during Peak Winters at High Altitude Area
Authors: Yadav Dev Kumar , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Wadikar D. D. , R. Tejaswi , Semwal A. D.
Published: March 2023

Conceptualisation of design and development of modular and customised ration storage system for Army rations sustainable up to -40°C was carried out. The Indian Armed Forces operate under various climatic conditions, which are inhospitable for cooking, storing fresh/perishable food products and carrying rations for their survival during an emergency. Hence, there was an ever-existent demand for a customised, user-friendly ration storage system. Considering a number of user-friendly features, a system has been designed comprising modular unit structures with insulated wall panels containing Polyurethane foam (PUF) sandwiched between metallic and composite material claddings. An insulated structure is required to maintain the temperature at high altitudes during extreme low-temperature conditions. The temperature and humidity are regulated and maintained using solar panels and humidly modulators. The modular structure with individual temperature and humidity control is suitable for the safe storage and preservation of fresh produce, fruits and vegetables, and milk and animal products. In case of perishable commodities of Defense supplies inclusive of leafy and tender vegetables, juicy fresh fruits, egg, chocolates, meat carcasses stored in silo are safe as its insulated structure ensures no freezing even upto -25° Celsius hence protects them from quality damage due to subzero temperature exposure and abuse. Therefore, the normal convention of the expected shelf life for each such commodity was extended approximately double the normal shelf life expected. An extensive design process involving CAD modelling followed by mechanical load simulation and analysis resulted in a robust and capable system. Each compartmentalised segment caters for an average one-ton material depending on the nature of the material. The system is suitable to store 3 tons of ration at a time to address the requirement of 100 individuals for 60 days in monsoon cut off and peak winter cut-off posts. Total energy consumption under fully load condition is approx. 2KW to maintain peak temperature gradient of 45-50°C.The outer surface of the structure can be camouflaged. The well-insulated structure ensures zero leakage and is sturdy to withstand a wind velocity of 60 km per hour and a standing snow load of 2 meters above it.
Effect of Allium Sativum on the Alcohol Induced Neuropathic Pain in Wistar Rats
Authors: Mehta Shashi Dhar , Kumar Umesh , Mavi Anil Kumar , Kumar Vinod , Parvez Suhel , Bhatnagar Suhasini
Published: March 2023

Neuropathic pain is a severe pain condition associated with pathological changes which have deleterious effects like dysfunction of the brain. Alcohol abuse is known to be the most common reason at present for developing neuropathic pain. Alcohol-induced neuropathic pain can be assessed by ache studies such as hyperalgesia and allodynia which characterizes the response severity of induced pain. In the current research, we used the Allium Sativum (Garlic) bulb extract to study the effect on alcohol-administered rodents. The behavioral and biochemical studies have been done. It has been reported in the study, that Allium sativum has certain protective mechanisms such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, free radical scavenger, and antioxidant effects which contribute to alcohol-induced neuropathic pain. Based on the results of the current investigation, it can be concluded that Allium sativum bulb extract, administered at doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg in 0.9 per cent saline, is helpful in reducing the symptoms of alcoholic neuropathy. Allium sativum may offer a protective effect in the revocation of alcoholic-induced neuropathic pain.
Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of the Barrel After Geometric Changes on the Mortar
Authors: Pihtili Haşim , Ulutaş Melih
Published: March 2023

The area close to the firing part as of the muzzle of a 120 mm mortar consists of trapezoidal threads. In order for the 120 mm mortar to hit the target, the target is aimed by giving the required angle with the help of these trapezoidal screw threads. Since it takes a lot of time to set the target in this way, the aim is to develop a hydraulic mechanism that automatically gives an angle to the system by lifting the trapezoidal screw threads instead of mechanically setting the angle to be adjusted easily in the shortest time. Thus, it is intended to convert the mortar into a full-automatic system that can rotate 360° around itself and can be adjusted to the desired angle in a short time and very precisely. The present study is conducted in two steps. At first, thermo-mechanical analyzes for the stresses affecting during firing of the currently used 120 mm mortar with a screw thread were investigated by ANSYS Workbench finite elements method. Then, the status of the mortar after removing the screw threads was examined in the ANSYS Workbench program under the effect of the same stresses and the results were compared between the two mortars and it was examined whether it is safe to remove the screw threads.
Small advances and swift retreat: Race-conscious educational policy in the Obama and Trump administrations
Authors: Siegel-Hawley Genevieve , Frankenberg Erica , McDermott Kathryn , McCollum Sarah , DeBray Elizabeth , Scott Janelle
Published: March 2023

The three terms comprising the Obama and Trump presidencies provide an opportunity to understand the evolution of race-conscious education policy in an increasingly multiracial, unequal, and divided society. Through document review and interviews with civil rights lawyers, government officials, congressional staffers, and intermediary organization personnel, we sought to understand how Obama officials envisioned and changed the role of the federal government in fostering K-12 race-conscious educational policies and what mechanisms they used to advance priorities. We also explored changes Trump administration officials made to federal civil rights policies and through which institutional means. Our findings reveal through-lines between past and present political agendas and the methods for enactment. Obama’s interagency efforts to reinvigorate civil rights oversight and enforcement in education harkened back to the mid-1960s era of bipartisan cooperation around school desegregation. Yet the decades-long legal and policy retrenchment against civil rights advances made in the 1960s constrained further progress. Trump’s administration advocated for the privatization of public education through increased choice and opposed race-consciousness in education law and policy. The reshaping of the federal judiciary under Trump presents challenges for race-consciousness in the law for years to come. Recognizing these consistent through-lines and constraints will be essential for advocates and policymakers going forward.
Wie fußgängerfreundlich sind deutsche Großstädte? Neue Ergebnisse aus der Walkability-Forschung
Authors: Schmitz Julian , Fina Stefan , Gerten Christian
Published: March 2023

Fußgängerfreundliche und bewegungsanimierende Stadtstrukturen (Walkability) bieten Menschen die Möglichkeit, ihre alltäglichen Wege zu Fuß statt mit dem Pkw zurückzulegen. Eine aktive körperliche Mobilität fördert die Gesundheit und gilt als Voraussetzung für vitale nachbarschaftliche Sozialstrukturen. Der Einsatz datenbasierter Walkability-Bewertungswerkzeuge ermöglicht der Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung in einer einfachen Vorabanalyse, Defiziträume für die Fußgängerfreundlichkeit im Stadtraum zu identifizieren und darauf aufbauend weiterführende Maßnahmen zu planen. Auf dieser Grundlage können Zielsetzungen zur Stärkung des Zufußgehens mit messbaren Kennziffern etabliert und für ein dauerhaft angelegtes Monitoring genutzt werden. Anhand eines neu entwickelten und frei verfügbaren GIS-Bewertungswerkzeugs wird in diesem Beitrag die Walkability der 16 bevölkerungsreichsten deutschen Städte kleinräumig analysiert und kartiert. Die niedrigste Walkability weist Dortmund auf, Frankfurt am Main ist am besten bewertet. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Methode und Ergebnisse. Er liefert anhand kurzer Exkurse in die städtebauliche Geschichte sowie in die Fußwegeinfrastruktur in Dortmund und Frankfurt am Main erste Erklärungen für die Messunterschiede.
Estimation of Passenger Car Equivalent Value for Unsignalized Intersections in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ramlan Ratnasari , Munawar Ahmad , Irawan Muhammad Zudhy
Published: March 2023

Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) is expected to be very accurate because it is very important in determining the capacity, degree of saturation, and handling of unsignalized intersections. Several methods have been used to estimate the PCE value, but based on the literature review, it is stated that the occupancy time method and the speed method are the most applicable for the unsignalized intersection conditions. This study aims to determine the most appropriate PCE value by comparing the occupancy time method and the speed method. To determine the most appropriate method in calculating the PCE of the unsignalized intersection, the calculation of the value of capacity and degree of saturation based on the method of speed and occupancy time is compared with the PCE value of MKJI. The result shows that the most suitable PCE value for unsigned intersections is the speed method. The recommended changes in the value of PCE are unmotorized vehicle PCE = 0.45, motorcycle PCE = 0.17, and large vehicle PCE = 2.2. Determining the correct PCE value is expected to provide accurate intersection performance results and determination of intersection problems.
Utilization of Coconut Shell Ash Waste and Hydraulic Lime as Cement Substitution Materials in Paving Blocks
Authors: Nura Diana Anita Intan , Zainah Nor
Published: March 2023

Sumenep has a large amount of coconut shell ash waste from the briquette industry and a considerable potential for producing limestone (hydraulic lime). The development of road transportation infrastructure as a regional development in Indonesia using paving blocks has resulted in increased demand for cement. Utilization of waste and the potential of local materials must be endeavored by users, both of which have the same content as cement. The research method used an experimental method by replacing the cement with coconut shell ash waste and hydraulic lime, each of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression method with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study with the help of SPSS software showed that the addition of variations in coconut shell ash waste and hydraulic lime did not have a simultaneous effect on the compressive strength and absorption of water. Laboratory research results show a maximum compressive strength of 18.616 Mpa and an average water absorption of 10.751% with the addition of each variation of 5% coconut shell ash waste and hydraulic lime, based on SNI -03-0691-1996 compressive strength including quality classification B, while absorption does not meet the requirements for absorption quality classification.
Simulation of the rise in pore water pressure due to embankment load during the construction phase of the levee
Authors: Upomo Togani Cahyadi , Aryanti Dian Eka , Kusumawardani Rini
Published: March 2023

Inflow in Jatiluhur Reservoir located on the Citarum River is influenced by outflow from Cirata Reservoir and Saguling Reservoir which are above it. These three reservoirs are incorporated in the Citarum Cascade System Reservoir. This inflow analysis is related to the availability of water in the Jatiluhur Reservoir, which is a multi-purpose reservoir, which then becomes the mainstay of the water supply as a hydropower operation pattern. Runoff rain modeling using HEC-HMS software using data on rainfall, temperature, land cover, soil type and topography. Parameters generated from observation and modeling are coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Stuclift (NSE), and Percent Bias (PBIAS). The results of the case study show that the parameters of the observed local inflow (R2: 0.693; NSE: 0.525; PBIAS: 9.88%) with data sources from the Jatiluhur Reservoir manager are better than the local inflow analysis results (R2: 0.533; NSE: - 0.457; PBIAS: 48.88%) with data sources from water level (TMA). Meanwhile, the total inflow of observations (R2: 0.982; NSE: 0.973; PBIAS: 1.14%) with data sources from the Jatiluhur Reservoir manager is better than the total inflow analysis results (R2: 0.932; NSE: 0.889; PBIAS: 9.43 %) with the data source from the water level (TMA).
Relationship between Slope and Ramp Length on Toll Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Widiarto Rezza Irawan , Setiadji Bagus Hario Hario , Haryadi Bambang
Published: March 2023

The Semarang – Solo toll road at Km 437+200 – 439+400 is one of the unique segments because many double horizontal and vertical alignments are encountered along approximately 1,600 m. Although this segment geometrically can be considered quite good because it provides adequate stopping distance, the accident data from PT. Trans Marga Jateng showed that this segment is prone to accidents. This studyevaluated this segment's slope and slope length and their relationship to the potential for accidents. This segment was divided into three sections based on the slope and two vehicle types: light vehicles (LV) and heavy vehicles (HV). The results showed that the speed of LV was not significantly affected by slope and slope length variations, but this was not the case for HV. This condition results in a significant speed gap with great potential for accidents, especially at 00.00 – 06.00 and 12.00 – 18.00 when the driver is drowsy or fatigued. Therefore, an in-depth evaluation is recommended on the regulations allowing HVs to operate on toll roads, taking into account the weight-to-power ratio (PWR) and the maximum weight of the HV.
Factor Influencing User Intention To Support The Improvement of Online Taxi Regulation
Authors: Sitinjak Tarita Aprilani
Published: March 2023

Online-taxi are welcome as a new way in transportation. As a newcomer, there are still many weaknesses, particularly in service standard’s policy, causing passenger negative experiences. In order to minimize the issue, these study about improvement of online taxi policies was held. This research aims to analyzing the factors affecting user to support the improvement of online taxi policies according to passengers in Surabaya in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was applied to estimate the relationship of research model. The results showed that the utilized mobile application, experience using an online taxi, and online taxi performance gave positive and significant influence to passenger satisfaction, where online taxi performance had the most positive and significant influence on passenger satisfaction. Next from the SEM-PLS method found that passenger satisfaction, positively and significant influencing the passenger intend to support the improvement of online taxi policies. Furthermore, the more positive passenger satisfaction the more positive the passengers support in online taxi policies improvement support the improvement of online taxi policies.
Performance Assessment Study Of Road Intersection using IHCM And Microsimulation Methods PTV VISSIM (Case Study: Simpang Empat Denggung, Sleman, Yogyakarta)
Authors: Firmansyah Dedy , Jannah Ria Miftakhul , Puspitasari Evi
Published: March 2023

Road intersections is designed to be able to move one lane of the road to another without any conflicts ofcongestion or traffic accidents. In planning, designing and operating road intersections services in Indonesiausing the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997 (IHCM). The use of IHCM is considered necessary toadjust to current conditions. Alternatives in the design and assessment of deviation performance can use PTVVissim microsimulation modeling. This study aims to analyze the differences in the results of the calculationof the performance road intersections using IHCM and Microsimulation of PTV Vissim. Locations used inthis study in the Denggung Road intersections of Sleman regency. The result is a significant difference in thecalculation of queue length using IHCM and Vissim. The largest queue length value from the north is 227.2meters using IHCM and 125.44 meters using Vissim where the traffic flow from the north direction has thegreatest value. The delay at the largest deviation from the north is 58.72 seconds using IHCM and 116seconds using Vissim. The second level of service value calculations show poor performance.
Performance Characteristics and Utility of the Standard Q COVID-19 Antigen Test for Emergency Admissions to Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Dedeić-Ljubović Amela , Ðulić El Jesah , Husić Erna , Halković Jasmina , Gačanović Džemilja , Salimović-Bešić Irma
Published: March 2023

This study evaluated the performance of the COVID-19 Ag-RDT compared to the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection and its use among patients referred for emergency admission. A total of 120 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients referred for emergency admission and immediately preceded for testing to the Unit of Clinical Microbiology. Out of 60 Ag positive tests, 53 (88.3%) were confirmed by rtRT-PCR, while 7 (11.7%) tested negative (false positives). Out of 60 Ag negative tests, 56 (93.3%) were confirmed negative by rtRT-PCR, and 4 (6.7%) were positive (false negatives). Ct value comparison was performed for 53 samples that were positive by both methods: 8 (15.1%) isolates had Ct value up to 20; 37 (69.8%) 21 to 30 and 8 (15.1%) 31 to 40, respectively. The sensitivity of the analyzed rapid Ag test was 92.9%, and specificity 88.9%. The accuracy of the Ag test was 90.8%. This study has shown that rapid Ag tests can be used in emergency admissions to healthcare facilities. However, rtRT-PCR should be considered after negative antigen test results in symptomatic patients, and after positive antigen test results in asymptomatic persons.
Successful Pregnancy Outcome after Amnioreduction Treated Acute Polyhydramnios Caused by Duodenal Atresia
Authors: Medjedovic Edin , Zvizdic Zlatan , Cerovac Anis , Jonuzovic-Prosic Sabaheta , Milisic Emir
Published: March 2023

The aim of our manuscript is to report of a successful perinatal outcome after treatment of acute polyhydramnios caused by duodenal atresia. A 34-year-old G3P1 was referred due to polyhydramnios in the 30th week of pregnancy. Ultrasound revealed polyhydramnios, amniotic fluid index (AFI) 28, and a double bubble sign that indicated duodenal atresia and dilatated oesophagus. In the 32nd week of gestation, the volume of amniotic fluid increases, AFI 35, along with symptoms of dyspnea and abdominal pain. Due to the clinical picture and the early gestational age, it was decided to perform an amnioreduction. In the 36th week of gestation cesarean section was performed. The baby was taken for exploratory laparotomy and found to have a simultaneous complete duodenal atresia and annular pancreas with associated dilated the first portion of the duodenum and the stomach. A side-to-side duodenoduodenostomy via single-layer hand-sewn anastomosis was performed over a transanastamotic feeding tube (TAFT). The postoperative course was uneventful. Amnioreduction is useful and safe in the treatment of acute polyhydramnios caused by duodenal atresia and thus has a significant role in prolonging gestation until fetal maturity.
Gallstone Ileus in Octogenarians: Is Cholecystectomy Really Needed?
Authors: Koliakos Nikolaos , Papaconstantinou Dimitrios , Tzortzis Andrianos Serafeim , Kofopoulos-Lymperis Efstratios , Bakopoulos Anargyros , Nastos Konstantinos , Misiakos Evangelos P. , Pikoulis Emmanouil
Published: March 2023

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon complication of cholelithiasis and occurs when a gallstone migrates through a cholecystoenteric fistula and impacts within the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical intervention remains the treatment of choice, which consists of a full-thickness incision of the visceral wall and removal of the impacted gallstone. In this paper we present the treatment approach of 6 cases of gallstone ileus in octogenarians. In our cohort, intestinal obstruction was resolved through an enterotomy or gastrotomy and lithotomy/stone extraction in every patient. No cholecystectomies were undertaken. Despite the fact that gallstone ileus is diagnosed in small percent of patients suffering from gallstone disease, it accounts for a large proportion of intestine obstruction in patients older than 65 years old. Since accurate diagnosis and timely intervention are vital, providers should be familiar with the diagnostic approach and the treatment of this clinical entity.
Poverty in Sub-Africa: Reflecting on the Failure of International Global Governance
Authors: Gwandu Hassan Attahiru
Published: March 2023

The paper studies the phenomenon of poverty in underdeveloped/third-world countries, particularly within the context and the failure of international organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa. The article analyzes that the increasing problem of poverty in the region’s countries/Africa is a replication of the failure of the organizations such as the IMF and the World Bank policies such countries. Despite some projects such as Millennium Development Goals (MDG), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and many more by the United Nations. Many of these programs have failed to eradicate or reduce poverty. Instead, the situation has worsened most, especially in Africa, where the rate of poverty is increasing, with several regions in the continent experiencing the worse hunger epidemic in recent times. Therefore, the research posits that the failure of international institutions, the World Bank, and IMF policies have immensely become a significant contributing factor to the poverty level in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Application of fractional quantum calculus on coupled hybrid differential systems within the sequential Caputo fractionalq-derivatives
Authors: Alzabut Jehad , Houas Mohamed , Abbas Mohamed I.
Published: March 2023

In the current manuscript, we combine theq-fractional integral operator andq-fractional derivative to investigate a coupled hybrid fractionalq-differential systems with sequential fractionalq-derivatives. The existence and uniqueness of solutions for the proposed system are established by means of Leray-Schauder’s alternative and the Banach contraction principle. Furthermore, the Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability results are discussed. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to highlight the theoretical findings.
Jordan triple (α,β)-higher ∗-derivations on semiprime rings
Authors: Ezzat O. H.
Published: March 2023

In this article, we define the following: Let

N

0

{{\mathbb{N}}}_{0}

be the set of all nonnegative integers and

D
=

(

d

i

)

i
∈

N

0

D={\left({d}_{i})}_{i\in {{\mathbb{N}}}_{0}}

a family of additive mappings of a

∗

\ast

-ring

R

R

such that

d

0

=
i

d

R

{d}_{0}=i{d}_{R}

.

D

D

is called a Jordan

(

α
,
β

)

\left(\alpha ,\beta )

-higher

∗

\ast

-derivation (resp. a Jordan triple

(

α
,
β

)

\left(\alpha ,\beta )

-higher

∗

\ast

-derivation) of

R

R

if

d

n

(

a

2

)

=

∑

i
+
j
=
n

d

i

(

β

j

(

a

)

)

d

j

(

α

i

(

a

∗

i

)

)

{d}_{n}\left({a}^{2})={\sum }_{i+j=n}{d}_{i}\left({\beta }^{j}\left(a)){d}_{j}\left({\alpha }^{i}\left({a}^{{\ast }^{i}}))

(resp.

d

n

(

a
b
a

)

=

∑

i
+
j
+
k
=
n

d

i

(

β

j
+
k

(

a

)

)

d

j

(

β

k

(

α

i

(

b

∗

i

)

)

)

d

k

(

α

i
+
j

(

a

∗

i
+
j

)

)

{d}_{n}\left(aba)={\sum }_{i+j+k=n}{d}_{i}\left({\beta }^{j+k}\left(a)){d}_{j}\left({\beta }^{k}\left({\alpha }^{i}\left({b}^{{\ast }^{i}}))){d}_{k}\left({\alpha }^{i+j}\left({a}^{{\ast }^{i+j}}))

) for all

a
,
b
∈
R

a,b\in R

and each

n
∈

N

0

n\in {{\mathbb{N}}}_{0}

. We show that the two notions of Jordan

(

α
,
β

)

\left(\alpha ,\beta )

-higher

∗

\ast

-derivation and Jordan triple

(

α
,
β

)

\left(\alpha ,\beta )

-higher

∗

\ast

-derivation on a 6-torsion free semiprime

∗

\ast

-ring are equivalent.
Davids and Goliaths: Hidden Champions in an Age of Industrial Policy
Authors: de Melo Pimentel Bernardo , Ramírez Guillermo
Published: March 2023

We review the state of the current industrial champions debate and make the case for nimble, innovative ‘Davids’, rather than resource-hungry ‘Goliaths’. These export-based firms have shown robust performance in recent years and may help economies increase their resilience in times of significant uncertainty. They are more autonomous than traditional champions and they are already in our midst. The challenge for policymakers is how to foster an environment that supports Davids while keeping an eye on national strategic interests.
NSP variation on SWAT with high-resolution data: A case study
Authors: Cheng Wu , Qian Yin , Xiaoning Lu , Jun Chen , Rui Fu , Shuang Li
Published: March 2023

As a typical lake in the early stage of eutrophication, the non-point source pollution (NSP) in Erhai Lake was highly concerned. Since 2017, protection and rescue actions have been implemented in the Erhai Lake basin which significantly improved the water quality of Erhai Lake. But little attention has been paid to the interception effects of these actions on NSP. Based on high resolution datasets, including refinement land use/land cover (LU/LC) data, China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Database for the SWAT (CMADS), and Advanced Land Observing Satellite-1 (ALOS-12) data, the interception effects of ecological ponds newly built in 2018 on NSP was discussed with the support of the soil and water assessment (SWAT) model. These three high resolution datasets can meet the needs for simulating NSP by SWAT model, which was conductive to better reveal the interception effects of ecological ponds on NSP. Besides, the pollution load of shrubbery on Total nitrogen (TN)/Total phosphorous (TP), which has never been involved in similar research works in the Erhai Lake basin, was measured. Compared the temporal and spatial variations in TN/TP concentration before and after 2018, the interception effects of ecological ponds on NSP in the Erhai Lake basin were revealed by a sharp decrease in TN/TP concentration and a delayed presence of annual peak value about 1 month late in TN concentration before and after 2018. The interception intensity of NSP was determined by the number and volume of ecological ponds in each sub-basin and their corresponding upstream.
Review on sago thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose
Authors: Jimat Dzun Noraini , Nor Yusilawati Ahmad , Puad Noor Illi Mohamad
Published: March 2023

Recently, many studies have been carried out on developing green composites that are eco-friendly and more sustainable compared to fuel-derived composites. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is one of the potential biopolymer materials that can be used as food packaging materials, pharmaceuticals and many other applications. Sago (Metroxylon sagu) is unlike other starch-based composite such as cassava and corn, which are highly utilized and popular option sources for variety applications in industries. This renewable starch can be a competitive starch source like other starches if rigorous scientific research study is conducted to explore other findings, which might be important for its production and usage in various industries. Research studies related to sago TPS are still lacked, and it is difficult to compare its performance with TPS made from other starches as its preparation differs based on the starch source. The TPS composite generally exhibits low mechanical strength and poor barrier properties. Reinforcing sago TPS nanocomposites with nanocellulose (NC) is expected to enhance its mechanical and barrier properties. This book chapter covers the overview of characteristics and extraction of sago from its pith as well as its usage to make thermoplastic starch composite. The characteristics of sago TPS nanocomposite reinforced with nanocellulose (NC) is also discussed based on a few research studies due to its published research findings are still limited.
Horse chestnut thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
Authors: Nordin Abu Hassan , Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad , Ngadi Norzita , Baharuddin Nurul Huda , Nordin Muhammad Luqman , Mohd Azami Mohammad Saifulddin
Published: March 2023

The starch-based materials such as thermoplastic starch film are a promising alternative to non-renewable petroleum-based plastics. The development of an alternative conventional plastic from bio-based materials has gained great interest following its biodegradable, non-hazardous and renewable advantages. Following that, horse chestnut is an exciting source of starch for producing thermoplastic starch film. Nonetheless, the thermoplastic starch film is weak in strength and easily affected by water due to its highly hydrophilic property, thus limiting its practicability. In this regard, the additions of nanocellulose into thermoplastic starch have shown drastic improvement in its mechanical properties and water permeability of the film. This chapter discusses the potential of nanocellulose reinforced plasticized starch from horse chestnut as a replacement for petroleum-based plastic in packaging applications.
Axonal ER Ca2+Release Selectively Enhances Activity-Independent Glutamate Release in a Huntington Disease Model
Authors: Mackay James P. , Smith-Dijak Amy I. , Koch Ellen T. , Zhang Peng , Fung Evan , Nassrallah Wissam B. , Buren Caodu , Schmidt Mandi , Hayden Michael R. , Raymond Lynn A.
Published: March 2023

Action potential-independent (miniature) neurotransmission occurs at all chemical synapses, but remains poorly understood, particularly in pathological contexts. Axonal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+stores are thought to influence miniature neurotransmission, and aberrant ER Ca2+handling is implicated in progression of Huntington disease (HD). Here, we report elevated miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequencies in recordings from YAC128 mouse (HD-model) neurons (from cortical cultures and striatum-containing brain slices – both from male and female animals). Pharmacological experiments suggest this is mediated indirectly by enhanced tonic ER Ca2+release. Calcium imaging, using an axon-localized sensor, revealed slow action potential (AP)-independent ER Ca2+release waves in both YAC128 and wild-type cultures. These Ca2+waves occurred at similar frequencies in both genotypes, but spread less extensively and were of lower amplitude in YAC128 axons, consistent with axonal ER Ca2+store depletion. Surprisingly, basal cytosolic Ca2+levels were lower in YAC128 boutons and YAC128 mEPSCs were less sensitive to intracellular Ca2+chelation. Together, these data suggest elevated miniature glutamate release in YAC128 cultures is associated with axonal ER Ca2+depletion but not directly mediated by ER Ca2+release into the cytoplasm. In contrast to increased mEPSC frequencies, cultured YAC128 cortical neurons showed less frequent AP-dependent (spontaneous) Ca2+events in soma and axons, although evoked glutamate release detected by iGluSnFR in brain slices was similar between genotypes. Our results indicate axonal ER dysfunction selectively elevates miniature glutamate release from cortical terminals in HD. This, together with reduced spontaneous cortical neuron firing, may cause a shift from activity-dependent to -independent glutamate release in HD, with potential implications for fidelity and plasticity of cortical excitatory signaling.

Significance statement

Miniature neurotransmitter release persists at all chemical neuronal synapses in the absence of action potential firing but remains poorly understood, particularly in disease states. We show enhanced miniature glutamate release from cortical neurons in the YAC128 mouse Huntington disease model. This effect is mediated by axonal ER Ca2+store depletion, but is not obviously due to elevated ER-to-cytosol Ca2+release. Conversely, YAC128 cortical pyramidal neurons fired fewer action potentials and evoked cortical glutamate release was similar between WT an YAC128 preparations, indicating axonal ER depletion selectively enhances miniature glutamate release in YAC128 mice. These results extend our understanding of action potential independent neurotransmission and highlight a potential involvement of elevated miniature glutamate release in Huntington disease pathology.
Decoding of Working Memory Contents in Auditory Cortex Is Not Distractor-Resistant
Authors: Deutsch Philipp , Czoschke Stefan , Fischer Cora , Kaiser Jochen , Bledowski Christoph
Published: March 2023

Working memory enables the temporary storage of relevant information in the service of behavior. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that sensory cortex is involved in maintaining contents in working memory. This raised the question of how sensory regions maintain memory representations during the exposure to distracting stimuli. Multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI signals in visual cortex has shown that the contents of visual working memory could be decoded concurrently with passively viewed distractors. The present fMRI study tested whether this finding extends to auditory working memory and to active distractor processing. We asked participants to memorize the pitch of a target sound and to compare it with a probe sound presented after a 13 s delay period. In separate conditions, we compared a blank delay phase (no distraction) with either passive listening to, or active processing of, an auditory distractor presented throughout the memory delay. Consistent with previous reports, pitch-specific memory information could be decoded in auditory cortex during the delay in trials without distraction. In contrast, decoding of target sounds in early auditory cortex dropped to chance level during both passive and active distraction. This was paralleled by memory performance decrements under distraction. Extending the analyses beyond sensory cortex yielded some evidence for memory content-specific activity in inferior frontal and superior parietal cortex during active distraction. In summary, while our findings question the involvement of early auditory cortex in the maintenance of distractor-resistant working memory contents, further research should elucidate the role of hierarchically higher regions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInformation about sensory features held in working memory can be read out from hemodynamic activity recorded in human sensory cortices. Moreover, visual cortex can in parallel store visual content and process newly incoming, task-irrelevant visual input. The present study investigated the role of auditory cortex for working memory maintenance under distraction. While memorized sound frequencies could be decoded in auditory cortex in the absence of distraction, auditory distraction during the delay phase impaired memory performance and prevented decoding of information stored in working memory. Apparently, early auditory cortex is not sufficient to represent working memory contents under distraction that impairs performance. However, exploratory analyses indicated that, under distraction, higher-order frontal and parietal regions might contribute to content-specific working memory storage.
Erstnachweise des Feldhamsters als Beigabe in Grabbefunden der Thüringerzeit (Thüringer Königreich, 5/6. Jh. n. Chr.) von Thüringen
Authors: Karl Hans-Volker
Published: March 2023

Se describen restos de hamster (Cricetus cricetus Linnaeus, 1758) recuperados en sepulturas de época Turingia en los yacimientos de Merxleben/ Unstrut Hainich y Gotha-Boilstedt. Los datos de campo de Boilstedt han sido cruciales para desechar la posibilidad de un evento natural de incorporación de estos animales a los depósitos haciendo de ellos uno de los excasos hallazgos de roedores depositados intencionalmente en contexto funerario.
Thermal conductivity values for laminated strand lumber and spruce for use in hybrid cross-laminated timber panels
Authors: Tripathi Jaya , Rice Robert W.
Published: March 2023

This study examined the thermal conductivity as a function of specific gravity and moisture content for laminated strand lumber (LSL) and red spruce. As part of a larger study of heat and mass transfer in cross-laminated timber panels using laminate comprised of both LSL and spruce, the authors measured the thermal conductivity at four moisture content levels. The results showed that the LSL had a higher thermal conductivity value across the entire moisture content range tested. The average difference was just over 8% and the range for both LSL and spruce was from 0.081 W /m-K to 0.126 W / m-K. Comparisons with published solid wood thermal conductivity values across the range were good. There were no reported values of LSL thermal conductivity at various moisture content levels.
Cloning, secretory expression, partial characterization, and structural modeling of an alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis D-2
Authors: Xu Yayuan , Xu Fazhi , Ding Xiaoling , Qian Kun , Li Lvmu
Published: March 2023

To develop a large-scale production of the protease of Bacillus subtilis strain D-2, the full-length gene apr-D2 (1,149 bp) encoding the alkaline protease was cloned into plasmid pET-32a and expressed as a secretory protein in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed high homology with the catalytic domains of the subtilisin serine proteases. From SDS-PAGE analysis, the recombinant protein had a molecular mass of 60.4 kDa. The expressed protease was secreted into the culture medium in a functional active form. The purified recombinant protease showed a pH optimum of 10.5 and temperature optimum of 55 °C, and it was stable in the pH range from 5.0 to 13.0. The enzyme activity was slightly enhanced by Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, and SBT1. However, it was highly inhibited by Ag+ and PMSF. A theoretical structural model of mature protein was constructed by comparative modeling, which showed a putative catalytic triad (Asp-32, His-64 and Ser-221) with high similarity to the template. The structural characteristics that confer enzymatic specificity of the protease were analyzed. Taken together, the data suggested that the secretory expression system with pET-32a in E. coli was successfully constructed. Additionally, enzymatic specificity analysis of the alkaline protease indicated that it was suitable for various processing industries.
A comparative study on anatomical characteristics of the mutations of Phyllostachys bambusoides: Ssanggol- and min-bamboo
Authors: Yang Go Un , Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Kim Jong Ho , Prasetia Denni , Savero Alvin Muhammad , Ko Eun Ji , Kim Nam Hun
Published: March 2023

The anatomical characteristics of the culms and culm bases of ssanggol- and min-bamboo, which are mutated species of Phyllostachys bambusoides, were investigated using optical microscopy to understand the material properties. The vascular bundles in the culms and culm bases of both species were type I. There were a few abnormal vascular bundles in the culm base of ssanggol-bamboo, and more developed fiber bundles in the inner part of min-bamboo. A wavy surface was observed in the pith cavity of the ssanggol-bamboo culms. In the inner part, the vascular bundles of min-bamboo culms showed a regular diagonal arrangement, whereas those of ssanggol-bamboo were distributed randomly. In the culm base, ssanggol-bamboo had a significantly higher proportion of parenchyma and vessels, whereas min-bamboo had a higher fiber proportion. Both species had comparable proportions of cells in their culms. The vascular bundle density of min-bamboo was significantly higher than that of ssanggol-bamboo, whereas ssanggol-bamboo showed a significantly larger vessel diameter than min-bamboo. Ssanggol-bamboo had a shorter parenchyma cell length and larger parenchyma cell width than min-bamboo, whereas the min-bamboo culm showed a longer fiber length than that of ssanggol-bamboo. Furthermore, in the culm base, the fibers of ssanggol-bamboo were longer.