bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current Situation of Social Infrastructure and its Territorial Planning in the Shaki District (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Artunov N. B.
Published: February 2025

Aim. The purpose of the paper is to study the issues of social infrastructure areas and territorial planning, the implementation level of adopted State programs, and the current state of water, sewerage, electricity, heating, transport, road, and service spheres of the communal areas of the population.Methodology. The key research method is the methodology for determining of the territorial development index coefficient, comparative analysis with other regions and historical analyses, and mapping all infrastructures in the region.Results. Research shows that although the State programs and measures are implemented in the Shaki region, the development of social infrastructure is not at the desired level. However, the social infrastructure and its separate areas of water supply, gas supply, and sewage systems in the researched area and villages are not comprehensively provided.The regional development index reveals that Shaki district ranks 4th in Shaki Zagatala economic region. According to the conducted research, the volume of the measures taken in the direction of the development of the region is mostly concentrated in Gabala, Zagatala, and Gakh regions in recent times. As a result, it was determined that the Shaki region’s function of preventing migration in the region, as well as its role as an economic center, has decreased, and the region has transitioned from monocentric to polycentricity.Research implications. The results of the study show that mapping the sites of social places and infrastructure using GIS technologies is important in developing social strategy plans and databases as a significant factor in the socio-economic development of the Shaki region.
Modeling of the impact of waste disposal facilities on the air environment (using the example of landfills of the Voronezh region)
Authors: Ashikhmina T. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim. Investigation of the possibility of using modeling of the processes of the impact of the “landfill MSW – environment” system on the air environment to assess and develop solutions to minimize such impacts.Methodology. The research uses: a systematic approach to modeling the processes of interaction of waste disposal facilities with the environment, calculation and modeling of gas emission processes based on: the values of the specific yield of biogas during the period of its active stabilized generation during methane fermentation and the period of complete fermentation of the organic part of the waste, taking into account the temperature conditions of the area of the object location; annual data on the amount of accumulated waste at the facilities; values of wind speed and direction, the degree of vertical stability of the atmosphere according to the average long-term data of observations of weather stations closest to the objects.Results. The method of informational, including retrospective, modeling makes it possible to analyze the volumes and dynamics of gas-emission processes of different-age municipal solid waste disposal facilities, to assess and predict their environmental impact.Research implications. The method of modeling gas emission processes in the MSW landfill – environment system is recommended to optimize eco-safe control of the system at all stages of its life cycle, as well as in case of waste burning.
"Green Infrastructure" as a Key Element in the Concept of Conservation and Development of the Ecosystem of Lake Kenon
Authors: Zhelibo T. V. , Banshchikova E. A. , Kuklin A. P.
Published: February 2025

Aim. An attempt is made to form a concept for the prevention and timely protection of the Lake Kenon (western part of the city of Chita, Trans-Baikal Territory) ecosystem from external and internal threats.Methodology. Research in the field of afforestation and reforestation has been worked out. Functional zones have been identified, depending on the role played in the ecosystem, the composition of incoming pollutants, allowing one to prevent the development of erosion processes.Results. A set of measures to preserve the ecosystem of the lake has been developed, taking into account the landscape differentiation of the territory.Research implications. Functional zones are identified that serve as the basis for carrying out activities to enhance the ability to self-clean, or reduce the negative impact on the ecosystem. The developed complex of measures for the improvement of territories with a full-fledged infrastructure will allow one to combine opportunities for active recreation and to stimulate the development of the economy and increase the investment attractiveness of the city.
Tourist and Recreational Development of the Makazhoi Basin Cultural Landscapes: Potential, Threats and Prospects
Authors: Petrov L. A. , Ermakova Yu. E. , Nagornaya E. G.
Published: February 2025

Aim. A comprehensive study of modern patterns for tourist and recreational development of the Makazhoi depression cultural landscapes in the North-Eastern Caucasus (Chechen Republic, Russian Federation).Methodology. The study applies the method of cultural landscape analysis based on identifying territorial homogeneities by the principle of unity of landscape components, economic types of its development and ethnocultural community. It allows to identify cultural landscape complexes, their spatial distribution, historical functionality and belonging to a certain ethno-social group. The data of visual interpretation of satellite images, derived morphometric characteristics of the digital elevation model SRTM (the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and historical and geographical literary sources for the area of the object of study are used as source materials.Results. 27 cultural and landscape complexes have been identified. The preferred trajectories of their tourist and recreational development have been developed with reference to the identified natural and cultural-historical attractors. Three modern tourist and recreational clusters of the Makazhoy Basin are considered from the standpoint of their impact on the environment and the adverse geoecological processes caused by them. Ideas for revitalizing the traditional pastoral landscape as an object of research are proposed.Research implications lie in the consideration of the tourist and recreational development specifics, unprecedented in intensity for the territory of the Makazhoy Basin, and the geoecological problems caused during this activity in order to develop proposals for the environmental optimization of developing projects.
Gastronomic Tourism in the Russian Arctic: Territore Tourism Resorses
Authors: Valkova T. M. , Glemeyda A. S.
Published: February 2025

Aim. The purpose of the article is to consider current development trends of gastronomic tourism in the Russian Arctic, study the tourist resources of this type of tourism.Methodology. The article explores the theoretical foundations of gastronomic tourism, gives its definition, shows the main objects of gastronomic tourism, its types and subtypes, gives details of the main consumer segments, concepts, shows the historical stages of the formation of this direction, examines the state of gastronomic tourism in the Russian Federation, with the main emphasis made for the regions of the Russian Arctic. To solve the problems, the following scientific research methods were used: descriptive, comparative, historical-geographical, statistical, analysis of sociological data, cartographic and systems approach method.Results. At the current stage of the development of the tourism industry, the gastronomic tourist resources of the regions of the world are becoming more and more important. However, the theoretical and methodological basis of gastronomic tourism is poorly developed: there is no generally recognized interpretation of this concept, there is no unified system for statistical ac counting of tourist flows of gastronomic tourism. In the Russian Federation, gastronomic tourism is a new direction. This type of tourism accounts for about 10% of all purchased excursion programs, the annual increase in demand for such trips is 17%. The leaders in the development of gastronomic tourism in Russia are large economic and cultural centers (St. Petersburg, Kazan, Kuban, Kaliningrad region), attracting tourists with traditional dishes of Russian, Tatar and Caucasian cuisines, as well as culinary traditions of the Baltic region. The Russian Arctic is also rich in gastronomic resources, which attract more and more tourists every year. The leaders in the development of gastronomic tourism in the AZRF (Arctic zone of the Russian Federation) are the Murmansk region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), on the territory of which thematic gastronomic festivals are held annually, the regions actively promote local gastronomic brands.Research implications. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it allows a deeper understanding of the essence and methodological foundations of modern gastronomic tourism, and to reveal the tourist potential for the development of this type of tourism in the Russian Arctic. The results of this study can be used within the framework of scientific and practical activities related to the development of strategies for the development of Arctic tourism in countries and regions of the world. The article continues the research of Associate Professor Tatiana M. Valkova, begun in the previous articles, which examined the theoretical foundations of the Arctic tourism and peculiarities of its development in Svalbard.
On the Possibility of Including the Vishtynetsky Regional Natural Park of the Kaliningrad Region in the All-Russian Register of Popular Science Tourism Facilities
Authors: Kropinova E. G. , Anokhin A. Yu. , Zakharov S. E. , Chernyaeva L. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To justify the need of increasing the attention to the development of popular science tourism in the Kaliningrad region in accordance with the Concept for the development of popular science tourism in the Russian Federation until 2035.Methodology. The scientometric method was used (studying the topics of publications of research results conducted in the area, according to the eLibrary portal) and the structural analysis method (the regional park was considered as potentially suitable for the implementation of popular science tourism in there).Results. It has been confirmed that popular science tourism is a relatively new, but extremely important area of tourism. It can be considered a “showcase” of the country, demonstrating economic power and level of civilization. The role of the scientific community is shown, one of whose tasks as far as the authors could consider is to fill this area of tourism with the new scientific objects. The result of the study was a proposal to include the Vishtynetsky regional natural park in the All-Russian register of popular science tourism sites. The scientific argumentation is supported by results that allow us to consider this object as a territory with significant resources of scientific and educational tourism in a variety of fields of science: from geology and geomorphology to historical and cultural potential, as well as having a developing tourist infrastructure.Research implications. The proposed approaches take into account conceptual provisions and approaches to understanding the phenomenon of popular science tourism, published by Russian and foreign scientists, as well as recorded in regulatory documents. We believe that the analysis of the definition of popular science tourism proposed in the work, in subsequent studies, can serve as the basis for a holistic methodology and methodology for identifying territories and objects in which the development of popular science tourism will be effective. The practical significance of the study lies in the reasonable expansion of the list of regional objects that have the potential, technological and organizational capabilities for the development of popular science tourism. The results obtained contribute to increasing the attractiveness of the Kaliningrad region as a region with potential for the formation of new routes of popular science tourism due to the involvement of new natural sites. The application of the proposed approaches will make it possible to further identify promising objects of popular science tourism in the other Russian regions.
Communication monitoring and politeness in intergenerational discourse
Authors: Leontovich O. A. , Nikitina A. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To investigate the linguopragmatic and functional features of politeness in intergenerational communication.

Methodology. Communication monitoring, which plays an important role in the modelling of polite­ness, is viewed as a tool of social interaction aimed at the speakers' self-control and the regulation of their interlocutors' verbal and non-verbal behaviour. The leading method employed in the research is discourse analysis, the supporting methods include definitional and context analyses.

Results. The role of an adult directed towards socialising children implies the regulation of the child's behaviour. Horizontal monitoring between peers is carried out by means of informal communication not complicated by etiquette formulas. Vertical monitoring is built hierarchically depending on age: older people usually regulate the action of younger ones in the imperative form, without burdening themselves with norms of politeness. The polite or impolite form of communication monitoring can affect the perception and effectiveness of intergenerational communication.

Research implications. The study has identified the functions and types of communication monitor­ing and determined its role in modelling the process of polite intergenerational discourse.
Strategiczne bariery logistyczne na przykładzie Mostu Krymskiego
Authors: Bentyn Zbigniew
Published: February 2025

Strategic logistic barriers on the example of the Crimean Bridge. The article addresses the problem of logistics barriers of various natures encountered by flows implemented in logistics systems. They will be discussed in the case of the Crimean Bridge,
which, to put it simply, divides instead of uniting. The tense political situation in this region led to
the creation of a political and then military logistic barrier. The history of the bridge’s construction
and examples of impeding flows in logistics systems will be presented. The entanglement of states’
political and military goals sometimes leads to logistical consequences. In the case of the Crimean
Bridge, Russia’s goals were achieved at the expense of Ukraine’s goals. In the case of the described
bridge Russia was forced to establish a land connection with Crimea after its annexation. In this
context, such action is understandable, but due to the adopted bridge design, maritime navigation
for merchant ships entering Ukrainian ports was significantly hampered.
Infrastruktura transportowa Afganistanu od połowy XX wieku do czasów obecnych. Analiza wpływu zniszczeń wojennych na tranzyt i handel międzynarodowy
Authors: Chashchina Sofya
Published: February 2025

Transport infrastructure of Afghanistan from the mid-20th century to the present. Impact analysis of war damage on transit and international trade. The chapter addresses the contemporary social and economic conditions of Afghanistan’s development, the development of logistics infrastructure over the second half of the 20th century,
and trends in the country’s international trade balance over time. The history of Afghanistan illustrates the modernisation and expansion of the country’s infrastructure over the decades, its
destruction during the armed conflict and its reconstruction again. The chapter addresses the
interesting issue of the realisation of transportation foreign investment. In the case of Afghanistan,
the role of major investors was played by the U.S.S.R. and the U.S., jointly creating road infrastructure. The work draws mainly on the body of Russian-language literature of the 20th century
extensively treating the significant changes taking place in Afghanistan in the last century. Also,
available statistical data was used.
Mujeres y musas en el cine de Woody Allen: en lo bello no siempre está lo bueno
Authors: Narváez Pérez Antony , Oré Sánchez César
Published: February 2025

Sumilla: Hace mucho tiempo, un profesor de cine y actuación dijo: “Woody Allen es un tipo desgarbado y feo, pero si hay algo que tengo que envidiarle son las mujeres que logró enamorar”. Las féminas en la filmografía del neoyorquino siempre se han caracterizado por ser muy bellas en lo físico y en lo sentimental, de tal modo que casi siempre hacen caer a más de uno en una locura de amor. Woody Allen les recita odas apasionadas, les canta melodiosamente y hace películas sobre ellas y sobre su capacidad para apoderarse de ellos. ¿Pero tienen todas estas obras las mismas características?
Unsur-Unsur Komunikasi dalam Dakwah Rasulullah SAW dan Implementasi Strategi Dakwah Rasulullah di Era Digital
Authors: Nabil Hibrizi Azzam
Published: February 2025

Communication is a key element in da'wah, an interactive process that not only demands the delivery of religious messages but also requires an effective approach that suits the needs and context of the audience. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis to discuss the elements of communication in da'wah and its implementation in the digital age, revealing the importance of effective strategies in maintaining the authenticity of the da'wah message while meeting the demands of the times. The study reflects on the Prophet's method of da'wah, which combined correspondence, patience, gentleness, and prayer, adjusting strategies based on specific situations and encouraging two-way communication to measure the effectiveness of da'wah. In the digital age, da'wah strategies must adapt to technology without losing the humanist touch and empathy that characterized the Rasulullah SAW when da'wah.
A novel SnC/graphene heterostructure as an efficient host material for Li- and Na-ion batteries: computational insight
Authors: Rehman Javed , Butt Mehwish. K. , El-marghany Adel , Li Zhipeng , Yang Guochun
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth of technologies has influenced our daily lives in building efficient energy storage systems such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for various electric automobiles and portable electronic devices. Graphite, the commercial anode material for LIBs, has several limitations including low lithium storage capacity (372 mAh g-1), low power rate capability, and sluggish charging for applications in grids and heavy electric vehicles. Herein, we propose a novel SnC/graphene heterostructure (SnC/G-H) as a potential anode material for LIBs and sodium-ion batteries, supported by first-principles calculations. The graphene layer in the SnC/G-H model provides high mechanical stability and electrical conductivity, enhancing device application and potentially solving the structural issues of the SnC monolayer. SnC/G-H serves as an excellent Li/Na host material, offering low average voltages (0.34-0.39 V), impressive Li/Na storage capacities of 870 mAh g-1 (exceeding those of pristine SnC and graphite), and minimal activation energy barriers of 0.043/0.079 eV, which promote efficient lithiation/delithiation and sodiation/desodiation processes. These enthralling findings indicate that the SnC/G-H could serve as an efficient host material for rechargeable LIBs and sodium-ion batteries.
Determinants of Individual Savings in East Africa
Authors: Kasumba Robert Stephen , Wadada Robert , Muwanga Gertrude , Oryema John Bosco
Published: February 2025

In the quest to achieve SDG 1 on eradicating poverty, improving savings rates in East Africa is crucial, as it lays the foundation for reducing financial vulnerability and achieving economic resilience. This paper investigated the determinants of individual savings in selected East African countries. Specifically, internet access, financial inclusion, and borrowing were the covariates while individual savings in East Africa were the predicted. This study utilized data from the Global Findex 2021 World Bank database. This dataset was selected because it is one of the most comprehensive databases on financial inclusion, providing a comprehensive view of adults' savings, borrowing, payments, and risk management across global and regional contexts. This study used a basic framework to explore the factors influencing individual savings by examining production, income distribution, and accumulation. A panel data logistic regression model was utilized, and Instrumental Variables (2SLS) regression was employed to test endogeneity. The Sargan and Basmann tests assessed overidentification restrictions to validate the instruments. Shea’s partial R-squared measured the unique contribution of each instrument in explaining the variation in endogenous variables, accounting for the influence of other instruments and endogenous variables. The Hausman test which model was suitable for panel data modeling. The 2SLS regression showed no evidence of endogeneity, as internet access was insignificant with a high p-value (> 0.05). Overidentification tests confirmed instrument validity with p-values of 0.1018 and 0.1016. However, Shea’s partial R-squared revealed weak instruments, especially for borrowing, with an adjusted value of 0.0328. Results revealed that borrowing is strongly and positively associated with saving. The higher the borrowing, the more the savings. In East Africa, most borrowers are savers. These use the borrowed funds to create an injection of income flow through capital accumulation. Internet access significantly predicts savings in East Africa today. In this digital era, most businesses are run online. Therefore, it is almost impossible to save with no internet access. Similarly, those who use digital payment systems are most likely to enhance their savings. Age and gender do not influence the saving of an individual in East Africa. Likely, owning a financial account does not translate to more savings. Most East Africans have non-functional bank accounts. Education levels significantly influence the savings of individuals in East Africa. Highly educated people utilize financial literacy skills to save more. Being out of the workforce reduces individual savings since most of these are out of the working age.
Legal Protection of Indonesian Citizens Who Are Victims of Human Trafficking in Myanmar
Authors: Azalia Vania , Fahrazi Mahfud , Hariyana Trinas Dewi
Published: February 2025

This research examines the legal protections available to Indonesian citizens who are victims of human trafficking in Myanmar, focusing on the alignment of Indonesia's domestic laws with international standards. Specifically, it scrutinizes the harmonization of legal protection for witnesses and victims of human trafficking under Act Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons with the protocols established by United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, particularly its supplement, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women, and Children. The study adopts a legal research methodology using a comparative law approach to analyze domestic and international legal frameworks. It investigates how well Act Number 21 of 2007 integrates the provisions of the UNTOC, noting areas of strong alignment and aspects that require further enhancement. The research finds that while Act Number 21 of 2007 is largely in sync with the UNTOC, it falls short in incorporating specific provisions for the special needs of trafficking victims, such as psychological support, housing, and rehabilitation services. The findings highlight significant steps taken by the Indonesian government to protect its citizens from human trafficking but also underscore the need for a more comprehensive approach that includes provisions for the unique needs of victims. The study advocates for amendments to the national legislation to fill these gaps and suggests a more robust framework for international cooperation to combat human trafficking in the region effectively.
Metagenomic approach for improved culture of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Dhanush Gorre , Sundaramanickam Arumugam , Thangaraj Muthusamy
Published: February 2025

The gut microbial community is essential for safeguarding the host against pathogens, modulating immune responses, and regulating metabolic activities. This review explores the gut microbiota dynamics in Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp), focusing on the methodologies used for analysis and the factors influencing microbial composition. Both traditional methods and advanced molecular tools, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, have significantly expanded our understanding of the diversity and functions of gut bacteria. Various environmental factors, dietary inputs, disease outbreaks, and geographical variations play crucial roles in shaping the shrimp’s gut microbiome. Beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis, are found in the gut, contributing to improved digestion, enhanced immunity, and gut homeostasis. On the other hand, pathogenic bacteria like Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Aeromonas hydrophila pose serious threats, causing diseases such as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and vibriosis, leading to significant economic losses in shrimp farming. Probiotics, particularly pond probiotics, have shown promise as alternatives to antibiotics, exhibiting antibacterial properties and promoting shrimp health. A comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiota in L. vannamei will aid in developing sustainable aquaculture practices aimed at enhancing shrimp health, preventing disease, and boosting productivity. This review consolidates the current status of metagenomics and the role of gut bacteria in shrimp health and their responses to critical pathogens affecting the shrimp aquaculture industry.
Nerve Recovery in Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures
Authors: Syed Akbar N. , Isaacs David , Ashebo Leta , Talwar Divya , Anari Jason B. , Lawrence J. Todd R
Published: February 2025

Background:

Nerve injuries in pediatric supracondylar humeral (SCH) fractures occur in 2% to 35% of patients. Previous research has suggested that isolated anterior interosseous nerve injuries are not influenced by the time to surgery; however, little is known about other nerve injuries or mixed, motor, and sensory injuries. With this study, we aimed to examine the impact of time to surgery on nerve recovery in patients with traumatic nerve injuries associated with SCH fractures.

Methods:

Patients <18 years of age with SCH fractures stabilized using percutaneous pins during the period of January 2009 to June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients presenting with any traumatic nerve injury noted preoperatively were included, while those with iatrogenic or postoperative nerve injuries and incomplete documentation were excluded. Demographic data, injury characteristics, time to surgery, and number of days to nerve recovery were collected. Comparisons of nerve recovery time by anatomic distribution and functional deficit using an 8-hour time-to-surgery cutoff were made in bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

A total of 2,753 patients with SCH fractures were identified, with 214 of the patients having an associated nerve injury. Documentation of nerve recovery was available for 197 patients (180 patients with complete recovery) with an overall mean age of 6.8 ± 2.1 years. Time to recovery differed significantly when comparing the motor, sensory, and mixed-deficit cohorts (p < 0.001). Early surgery (≤8 hours from injury to surgery) was significantly associated with shorter overall time to nerve recovery (p = 0.002), recovery of multiple nerve distributions (p = 0.011), and recovery of mixed motor and sensory deficits (p = 0.007). On multivariable analysis, mixed nerve deficits (hazard ratio [HR], 0.537 [95% CI, 0.396 to 0.728]; p < 0.001) and time from injury to treatment of >8 hours (HR, 0.542 [95% CI, 0.373 to 0.786]; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with delayed nerve recovery.

Conclusions:

Surgical timing impacts the time to recovery of complex nerve injuries. Early surgical management of patients with mixed motor-sensory deficits may help to reduce the time to complete nerve recovery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Percutaneous Screw Fixation for Metastatic Lesion of the Pelvis
Authors: Goker Barlas , Wang Jichuan , Marsh D’Arcy , Zhang Ranxin , Lo Yungtai , Fox Jana , Thornhill Beverly A. , Sen Milan , Hoang Bang H. , Geller David S. , Yang Rui
Published: February 2025

Background:

Minimally invasive techniques such as percutaneous screw fixation have previously been shown to be mostly successful for pain relief and functional improvement in patients with pelvic metastases. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the largest single-center cohort to date to further characterize the impact of this treatment on pain palliation, ambulation, and function; the predictors of suboptimal outcomes; and complications.

Methods:

Electronic medical records were reviewed. The primary outcome measures were pain, as assessed with use of the visual analog scale (VAS) score; functional status, as assessed with use of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score; and ambulation, as assessed with use of the Combined Pain and Ambulatory Function Score (CPAFS), including preoperatively and postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures included radiographic evidence of fracture healing and the need for narcotics.

Results:

The study included 103 consecutive patients (42 men, 61 women) with a mean age of 64.1 years (range, 34 to 93 years) and a median follow-up of 14.4 months (range, 3 to 64 months) who underwent 107 procedures (bilateral in 4 patients). Sixty-nine had periacetabular lesions, whereas 38 had non-periacetabular lesions. VAS, ECOG, and CPAFS values improved from preoperatively at all time points (p < 0.001). Fifty-seven (85.1%) of the 67 patients presenting with a pathologic fracture demonstrated radiographic healing. A lack of radiographic healing was associated with a prolonged need for narcotics (p < 0.001). Six hips were converted to total hip arthroplasties, and 1 underwent a Girdlestone procedure. Complications were observed in 3 cases (2.8%).

Conclusions:

Percutaneous screw fixation provided sustained benefits of pain relief and functional improvement in the treatment of metastatic pelvic lesions, with a low rate of complications. Bone healing after fixation was common. The risk of prolonged narcotic usage was higher in patients without evidence of bone healing.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Reimplanting a 35-cm Extruded Femoral Bone Segment with Maintained Osteoinductive Properties
Authors: Sabry Ahmed O. , Hegazy Mariam , El Barbary Hassan , Hegazy Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Case:

We report a rare case of successful reimplantation of a 35-cm extruded femoral bone segment, including the articular portion, following trauma, which is the largest reported reimplanted bone segment to date. Meticulous debridement and soaking in antibiotics prepared the bone for reimplantation and preserved the bone's osteoinductive properties, which may have played a role in structural and functional recovery.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the feasibility of reimplanting large bone segments with articular components, offering a viable approach for orthopaedic reconstructions.
Opening Doors
Authors: Le Clue Natalie
Published: February 2025

Traditionally, political affiliation has proven to be one of the most fruitful mechanisms to create division and derision amongst the voting masses. So polarising is the topic of politics that it has coined its own phrase – political divide. Drawing from insights in fan studies, this article explores toxic fan practices within political fandom, as highlighted by Petersen et al. (2023) and Le Clue (2024). It examines the participation and practices of online users/fans within South African politics by focusing on the use of #voestsekanc via X (formerly Twitter) as a case study.In the constantly evolving landscapes of online communities, fan studies provides a lens to comprehend the complexity of participation and engagement, which can both empower and disempower individuals (Pearson 2010, p. 84). Despite this level of agency, the representation of African voices in fan studies is severely limited, which excludes the possibility of a comprehensive understanding of online dynamics within the African context. Therefore, this paper expands the scope of fan studies beyond Western perspectives and contributes to a more diverse scholarly discourse within this field of study.
Normalising Fan Parasociality within Pathologising Traces
Authors: Bucy Ava
Published: February 2025

The past decade has seen an influx of academic work on and popular usage of the term ‘parasocial’, but this work largely theorises fans rather than listens to them. This paper corrects that. Drawing on 16 focus groups with fans of Harry Styles, I explore fans’ understanding and appropriation of the once-forgotten academic term, parasocial. Fans, here, are quite aware of Styles’s star persona and the illusion of their intimacy. They use the concept of parasociality to manage, understand, and police both their own behaviour and that of other fans. The paper argues that the fans actual parasociality and their usage of the term exists as a multisocial, fandom-wide experience, and mimics well-explored concepts in fan studies, including performativity, playful engagement with “easter eggs”, the “fangirl as pathology”, and boundary policing. Their performance of parasociality positions the concept as a normal part of the fan persona to be explored further academically, and at the same time, their self-conscious and hyper-nuanced use of the term contradicts its very definition.
Recent climate change strengthens the local cooling of European forests
Authors: Li Zhao-Liang , Li Yitao , Ge Jun , Wu Hua , Tang Ronglin , Cheng Yuanliang , Liu Xiangyang , Wang Yi , Si Menglin , Zhao Wei , Gao Caixia , Duan Si-Bo , Shi Qian , Leng Pei , Zhao Enyu , Li Jing , Zhou Chenghu
Published: February 2025

Forests exhibit cooling or warming effects compared to adjacent openlands through biophysical processes. The local temperature effects are predicted by earth system models to evolve in response to climate change. However, these temporal dynamic patterns remain unconstrained by observations and have not been detected in historical records. Here, we provide satellite evidence of emergent negative trends in local land surface temperature (LST) effects of European forests from 2003–2023. The daytime cooling effects have significantly intensified in both winter (-0.17 K/decade) and summer (-0.22 K/decade). The enhanced winter cooling is attributed to the reduced shortwave radiative forcing in forests due to decreasing snow cover. In the summertime, the vegetation physiological response to increased atmospheric vapor pressure deficit boosts evaporative cooling in forests. The negative trends in LST effects of European forests are roughly supported by four state-of-the-art earth system models. However, considerable biases and intermodel spread in the representation of underlying biophysical processes. Given the continued climate change, we emphasize the need to consider their impacts on biophysical effect dynamics when comprehensive forest-related climate mitigation policies are formed.
Genetic and Clinical Landscape of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Guatemala: Insights from a National Study
Authors: Orozco Marcela , Kestler Edgar , Ramírez Gerardo , Silva Gabriel , Cabrera Julio , Vega Sofia De la , Khleifat Ahmad Al
Published: February 2025

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene, with a global prevalence of 3.6 per 100,000 people. Despite its well-documented genetic basis, no previous studies have characterised DMD in Guatemala. We analysed 33 genetically confirmed cases to estimate prevalence, describe the mutation spectrum, and assess clinical features. Prevalence was 0.61 per 100,000 men under 30. Symptoms began before age 5 in 85% of cases, yet 60% were diagnosed after age 6, highlighting significant diagnostic delays. Deletions were the most common mutation (55%), followed by point mutations (30%) and duplications (15%), with two novel variants identified. Most deletions clustered in the exon 45–55 hotspot. Nearly half of the cases were eligible for exon-skipping therapies. These findings reveal genetic heterogeneity in the Guatemalan population, substantial delays in diagnosis, and the need for improved access to genetic testing, targeted treatments, and a national DMD registry.
The vertical temperature structure and scaling relations for heat of the near surface stable boundary layer
Authors: Lapo Karl , Pfister Lena , Mosso Samuele , Lehner Manuela , Stiperski Ivana
Published: February 2025

Describing the turbulent mixing of heat in the stable boundary layer (SBL) has been a long-standing difficulty for similarity theory. We investigated the connection between turbulent mixing of heat and the thermal structure of the near-surface SBL at three sites impacted by topography using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and the universal decoupling parameter, which describes the degree of vertical coupling for turbulent eddies. Three categories of thermal structures were found: logarithmic, sublayered, and quasi-logarithmic profiles. The logarithmic type is mostly associated with vertically-coupled turbulence but exists for a range of stability and vertical coupling values, the sublayered types are almost never well-coupled, and the quasi-logarithmic SBL type exhibits a mixed behavior between logarithmic and sublayered. Existing similarity scaling relations are a consequence of aggregating across these SBL types and degree of vertical coupling and, critically, none of the existing similarity scaling relations were physically consistent with the profile types or degree of vertical coupling. Several other frameworks of the SBL were found to be a similar result of aggregating across these SBL types. Similarly, methods for selecting data consistent with similarity theory were only partially successful distinguishing between sublayered, uncoupled and logarithmic, coupled cases. Finally, we show that the universal decoupling parameter may be a more appropriate choice for scaling the turbulent mixing of heat in the SBL than the non-dimensional temperature gradient as it better encodes the physics driving the turbulent mixing processes and has a more robust scaling relationship, without the problem of self-correlation.
Dredging and dumping impact coastal fluxes of sediment and organic carbon
Authors: Porz Lucas , Chen Jiayue , Yilmaz Rümeysa , Kuhlmann Jannis , Zhang Wenyan , Schrum Corinna
Published: February 2025

The disturbance of coastal sediments by human activities constitutes a potentially large disruption to natural sediment and carbon fluxes, but large-scale estimates of these impacts are lacking thus far. Using data analysis and process-based numerical modelling, we estimate the amounts of sediment and organic carbon disturbed, as well as potential CO2 released from North Sea sediments resulting from (1) dredging in the form of mineral aggregate extraction and (2) dumping of material dredged during waterway maintenance. Despite disturbing less sediment than aggregate extraction, dumping has a greater potential for carbon remineralization due to a higher organic carbon content in estuarine muds compared to subtidal sands and gravels. Overall, we estimate carbon disturbance by both activities to be 1-2 magnitudes higher than by marine construction, but 1-2 magnitudes lower than by bottom-contacting fisheries. Simulations show that most material dumped within the German Bight and Wadden Sea deposits within the coastal basins and intertidal areas after one year, the amount being similar in magnitude to natural sedimentation in that area. These results highlight the potential of human activities to shape long-term coastal morphology, and we argue that they should be considered in regional to global sediment and carbon budgets.
Gamified and Non-Gamified AI Tools in Enhancing EFL Listening Comprehension: An Analysis of Duolingo and Replika’s Impact on Engagement, Motivation, and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Tajik Aliakbar
Published: February 2025

Listening comprehension is a critical component of English language acquisition and a core foundation for effective communication and language development. This study investigates the impact of gamified and non-gamified AI-driven learning systems, Duolingo and Replika, on the improvement of English as a foreign language (EFL) listening comprehension. A concurrent mixed methods design was used to collect data from 53 Iranian high school students (aged 14–15) residing in Tehran Province. Quantitative data were collected through researcher-developed pre- and post-intervention listening comprehension assessments and a perception questionnaire, while qualitative data were derived from classroom observation checklists and semi-structured interviews (n = 15). Students were randomly allocated to two groups: Duolingo (n = 27) and Replika (n = 26), who participated in a 12-week intervention consisting of 24 sessions. Duolingo uses gamified elements such as rewards and points to increase engagement, while Replika uses conversation-based interactions. Quantitative analysis revealed significant improvements in listening comprehension for both groups, with the Duolingo group showing higher engagement metrics. Qualitative findings showed that Duolingo's adaptive algorithms and gamification elements fostered a more engaging and personalized learning experience. The study highlights how these AI-driven systems address previously overlooked aspects of EFL instruction through personalized, data-driven pathways, effectively improving adolescents' listening comprehension skills. The research reviewed here highlights how these systems address previously overlooked aspects of EFL instruction, particularly in improving adolescents' listening comprehension skills. By focusing on personalized, data-driven pathways, the study demonstrates how intelligent learning platforms can fill gaps in traditional teaching and effectively improve listening comprehension - a critical yet often underemphasized skill in language teaching.
Exploring Phylogenetic Diversity and Floristic Shifts Along an Elevational Gradient in a Northeast Brazilian Alpine Ecosystem
Authors: Santos-Neto Amadeu dos , Ribeiro Adauto de Souza
Published: February 2025

This study examines plant diversity along an elevational gradient in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, northeastern Brazil, focusing on species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and beta diversity. We identified 108 plant species across five elevation bands, with species richness declining linearly with increasing elevation. Precipitation and temperature positively influenced richness, but no significant relationship was observed for phylogenetic diversity metrics. Notably, phylogenetic diversity peaked at mid-elevations, exhibiting a hump-shaped pattern, while higher elevations hosted phylogenetically clustered communities, reflecting environmental filtering. Beta diversity analysis revealed turnover as the dominant driver of species and phylogenetic dissimilarity between elevation belts, emphasizing the role of species replacement over nestedness. These findings underscore the influence of climatic variables and environmental constraints on community composition, with distinct patterns of species adaptation across elevations. Contrary to expectations, phanerophytes dominated across the gradient, challenging the predicted prevalence of hemicryptophytes at higher elevations. Our study highlights the importance of integrating phylogenetic data to understand biodiversity dynamics in understudied regions like northeastern Brazil. Conservation efforts in Serra de Itabaiana should prioritize maintaining beta diversity to capture species turnover and ensure ecosystem resilience. These findings contribute valuable insights into the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes shaping plant communities in low-elevation mountain systems.
Enhancing Quantile Function Estimation with Beta-Kernel Smoothing
Authors: Li Juan , Yu Ping , Shi Jianhong , Song Weixing
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a class of nonparametric quantile function estimators based on Beta kernel smoothing. We conduct a rigorous investigation into their large-sample properties, including asymptotic normality and mean squared equivalence to existing methods. Through extensive simulation studies, we demonstrate that the proposed Beta kernel estimators perform comparably to or outperform traditional empirical and symmetric location-scale kernel-based quantile estimators. Additionally, we provide two real-world applications to illustrate the practical effectiveness of our approach. The results suggest that Beta kernel smoothing offers a flexible and efficient alternative for quantile function estimation, particularly in cases where classical methods exhibit inefficiencies.
Psychosocial Impact of Cancer on Omani Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Study of Parents’ Perspectives
Authors: Al-Saadi Laila , Sumri Hana AL , Chan Moon Fai , Sabahi Amal Al , Kendi Jalila Al , Al-Mashaikhi Nawal , Al-Azri Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatment poses considerable psychosocial and physical challenges for children and adolescents. This study explores the experiences of Omani parents regarding the impact of cancer on their children and adolescents.
Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted between December 2022 and June 2023 with parents of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer, recruited from two major oncology centers in Oman. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis approach.
Results: Five main themes emerged: three related to the psychosocial impact of cancer on children and two concerning the availability of supportive care and coping resources. Parents reported that cancer affected their children emotionally (e.g., aggression, emotional suppression, fear, worry, jealousy/inferiority, and clinginess), physically (e.g., fluctuations in energy and appetite, persistent pain, body image concerns, and low immunity), and socially (e.g., bullying, loss of normal routines and daily activities, and self-imposed isolation). The two coping-related themes highlighted the role of healthcare professionals, including oncologists and nurses, and the support provided by extended family members, school communities, and volunteers from non-governmental organizations.
Conclusions: Cancer significantly impacts the emotional, physical, and social well-being of children and adolescents. However, various supportive networks, including healthcare teams, volunteers, family, friends, and school communities, are instrumental in helping them to adapt to their illness. There is a need for specialized psychological services to address these challenges and provide comprehensive care for children and adolescents with cancer in Oman.