bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erken Tanı Alan Nadir Bir Katarakt Nedeni: Lowe Sendromu
Authors: Yıldız Harun , Sezer Abdullah , Kılıç Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Lowe sendromu (okuloserebrorenal sendromu), X'e bağlı resesif kalıtım göstermekte olup sorumlu gen OCRL1 genidir. OCRL1 geni golgi kompleksinde bulunan fosfatidilinositol-4,5-bifosfat-5 fosfatazı kodlar. Hastalığın klinik bulguları konjenital katarakt, zeka geriliği ve renal tübüler disfonksiyondur. Bu çalışmada erken tanı alan ve OCRL1 geninde yeni mutasyon saptanan bir Lowe sendromu hastası tartışıldı.
A Systematic Review of Digital Therapeutic Interventions for Enhancing Communication Competence in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   Korean Association For Persons With Autism, Yang SuVin , Park HyunJu
Published: January 2025

This study systematically reviewed the effects of digital therapeutics (DTx) on improving communication competence in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A comprehensive analysis was conducted on literature published both domestically and internationally from 2013 to 2023. Eight studies meeting the PICO-SD criteria were ultimately selected. The analysis revealed that DTx interventions were predominantly application-based. Consistent effects across studies on receptive language, expressive language, and communication competence were difficult to confirm. However, several studies have shown that intervention groups outperformed control groups in these areas. These findings suggest the potential of DTx to positively impact communication competence in children with ASD. Nevertheless, long-term systematic studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of DTx.
Effects of a Community Mobility Training Program Using Smartphone Apps on Community Mobility Skills and Mobile Self-Efficacy in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   Korean Association For Persons With Autism, Lee Minji , Lee Youngsun , Ko Jihoo
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effects of a community mobility training program using smartphones on the community mobility skills and mobile self-efficacy of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Four students with ASD from a special education class in a general middle school participated, receiving education through a program that used smartphones and navigation applications. To analyze the program's effectiveness, we conducted a paired sample t-test on pre- and post-test scores, which showed significant improvements in both community mobility skills and mobile self-efficacy. These findings suggest that smartphone-based training programs can support community participation for students with ASD and provide recommendations for future research and practical applications.
LYME DISEASE: MODERN CONCEPT OF CLINICS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION, ILLUSTRATED BY CLINICAL CASES
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, I.M. Bronova , G.M. Bondarenko ,   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», T.V. Maistat ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, V.V. Kutova ,   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», V.V. Pavliy ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the work is to summarize the data of the modern literature on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Lyme disease. The article is supplemented with three clinical cases of Lyme disease, includinga military one, which illustrate early diagnosis and the importance of prescribing timely etiological therapy for this type of pathology.
Conclusions. Lyme disease is a common and particularly dangerous infection that can lead to systemic lesions. The variety of clinical manifestations and the complexity of diagnosis can be the reason for establishing an incorrect diagnosis or establishing a diagnosis in a timely manner. Cases of seronegative borreliosis in the presence of characteristic manifestations of Lyme disease (erythema migrans) and anamnesis (stay in the forest, tick bites) should be perceived by the doctor as the need to prescribe etiological and timely therapy to the patient. Lyme disease is becoming more and more relevant among the military in Ukraine during the war.
Are the Crypto Markets Shock Resilient to COVID-19? A Comparative Investigation of Trading Prices and Volumes
Authors: Khan Asad Ul Islam , Bwando William
Published: January 2025

The emergence of crypto currency as an alternative source of currency has been dubbed as one of the greatest phenomenon of the 21st century. Over the years, crypto currencies have grossly interrupted the traditional financial system and they continue to act as a catalyst for its revolution. However, cryptocurrencies have not been free from misery and controversies. The aim of this study is to explore and investigate empirically the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on price and volume dynamics in crypto markets. The study makes use of two data samples, but these samples are analyzed separately and independently. The first sample consists of Top Five Cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization (Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, Binance coin and Litecoin) as at 7 November 2020. The second one is made up of the Bottom Five Cryptocurrencies among the top 40 cryptocurrencies (FTX Token, Huobi Token, Filecoin, Dash and Decreed) as at 7 November 2020 again. The data among the Top Five Cryptocurrencies ranges from 2014 to 2021 and the data among the Bottom Five Cryptocurrencies ranges from 2018 to 2021.. The empirical results reveal that all crypto-currencies are integrated at order 1 i.e. I (1). The empirical analysis confirms presence of strong evidence for intra-and-inter long run relationship between price and volume dynamics within the crypto market irrespective of whether it is pre-pandemic or pandemic period. More so, there is convincing evidence from the results that much of the variance among the prices and volumes of the top five cryptocurrencies is attributed to the Bitcoin price-volume dynamics. This implies that it is critical for crypto market traders, investors and portfolio managers, before making any investment decision must consider the dynamics of price and trading volumes of BITCOIN as they hugely impact the prices and volumes of other altcoins.
Risiko Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis Pada Masyarakat Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah: Sebuah Literatur Review
Authors: Faradisa Firna Husnika , Nursiswati Nursiswati
Published: January 2025

Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) menjadi penyebab kematian utama di seluruhdunia. Masyarakat tinggal di dekat Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) berisiko tinggiuntuk terpapar zat berbahaya. Paparan jangka panjang dari zat berbahaya dapatmemperburuk kondisi paru-paru dan meningkatkan risiko PPOK. Tujuan penelitian iniyaitu untuk mengetahui jenis gas berbahaya yang paling banyak menimbulkan polusiudara di TPA dan berkontribusi terhadap risiko terjadinya PPOK. Metode yang digunakanyaitu literature review dari database Google Scholar dan Sciencedirect dengan kriteriaditerbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2019-2024, full text, yang membahas polusi udara, risikoPPOK dan tempat pembuangan sampah. Setelah dilakukan screening melalui kata kunci,judul, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta abstrak didapatkan 3 artikel yang sesuai. Hasilanalisis menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat yang bermukim di area TPA memiliki risikomengalami PPOK yang disebabkan oleh zat berbahaya seperti PM (partikulat materi) 2.5,amonia, dan bioaerosol yang banyak dihasilkan di TPA. Selain itu, bau busuk dari prosespembusukan berbagai sampah yang ada di TPA terhirup oleh masyarakat setiap harinyayang tentunya mengganggu kenyamanan Masyarakat sekitar. TPA merupakan sumberpolusi udara yang mengandung polutan. Untuk itu diperlukan peningkatan pemantauankesehatan bagi masyarakat seperti pengawasan dan intervensi medis untuk mendeteksigejala awal sehingga dapat ditangani dengan tepat.
Multi-AUV sediment plume estimation using Bayesian optimization
Authors: von See Tim Benedikt , Greinert Jens , Meurer Thomas
Published: January 2025

Sediment plumes created by dredging or mining activities have an impact on the ecosystem in a much larger area than the mining or dredging area itself. It is therefore important and sometimes mandatory to monitor the developing plume to quantify the impact on the ecosystem including its spatial-temporal evolution. To this end, a Bayesian Optimization (BO)-based approach is proposed for plume monitoring using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), which are used as a sensor network. Their paths are updated based on the BO, and additionally, a split-path method and the traveling salesman problem are utilized to account for the distances the AUVs have to travel and to increase the efficiency. To address the time variance of the plume, a sliding-window approach is used in the BO and the dynamics of the plume are modeled by a drift and decay rate of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration measurements. Simulation results with SPM data from a simulation of a dredge experiment in the Pacific Ocean show that the method is able to monitor the plume over space and time with good overall estimation error.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture monotherapy or combined with pelvic floor muscle training for female stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Tong , Dong Zhi-Yu , Shi Ying , Zhou Yang-Qing , Zhang Hong-Bin , Gong Yi
Published: January 2025

Background

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is involuntary urine leakage during effort. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a common physical therapy for SUI, but has low adherence and its long—term effectiveness is uncertain. Drug therapy has side-effect problems and surgery has risks. Acupuncture’s role in improving SUI is also unclear based on previous studies.

Objectives

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of acupuncture individually or combined with PFMT in improving symptoms and women’s health-related quality of life of SUI.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.

Patients

Women with stress urinary incontinence were treated with electroacupuncture (EA) individually or acupuncture combined with PFMT.

Results

In the analysis comparing urinary leakage 1 h and the ICIQ-SF score, electroacupuncture (EA) intervention was significantly associated with improvements in both urine leakage (MD = 4.69, 95% CI 2.83 to 6.55, I2 = 62%) and ICIQ-SF (MD = 2.61, 95% CI 1.64 to 3.58, I2 = 65%). The results were robust for the sensitivity analyses. EA was not associated with an increased incidence of adverse events compared to placebo EA (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.35, I2 = 0%). When comparing the group receiving pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) combined with acupuncture to the PFMT only group, the combination therapy was found to improve urine leakage 1 h (MD = 1.91, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.86, I2 = 80%) and improve ICIQ-SF (MD = 2.63, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.65, I2 = 75%) in patients with SUI, despite significant heterogeneity observed. Subgroup analyses based on urine leakage 1 h revealed that subjects with mild stress urinary incontinence showed improvements (MD = 1.46, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.10, I2 = 58%), as did those with moderate stress urinary incontinence (MD = 4.9, 95% CI 1.72 to 8.08, I2 = 77%). There were significant differences between these subgroups (I2 = 77%, p = 0.04). In the subgroup analysis of intervention types, manual acupuncture showed no significant effect when combined (MD = 1.11, 95% CI -0.61 to 2.83, I2 = 86%).

Conclusion

The findings from this meta-analysis indicate that EA is more effective at improving the clinical symptoms and quality of life in patients with SUI compared to placebo EA, and it does not increase the risk of adverse events. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of SUI treatment with EA combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) elicits a more positive response than PFMT alone. This suggests that EA, either as a standalone therapy or as an adjunct to PFMT, can offer beneficial outcomes for individuals with stress urinary incontinence, expanding the range of clinical treatment options available.

Systematic Review Registration

The meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022381409).
Emphysematous pyelonephritis with rare and severe iliac vascular complications: a case report and review
Authors: Gao Pan , Yang Han , Zhang Zhi
Published: January 2025

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare but severe necrotizing infection often associated with diabetes, ureteral obstruction, and gas production in the renal parenchyma and perinephric area. This report describes a 54-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who presented with right lumbar pain and was diagnosed with EPN complicated by right ureteral calculi and perinephric gas accumulation. Despite initial improvement with fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, and drainage, inadequate blood glucose control led to a worsening of the infection, eventually involving the psoas major muscle and iliac vessels. This progression resulted in the formation of an iliac aneurysm, which required endovascular surgery. The patient’s recovery was supported by proper blood glucose management and targeted antibiotic therapy. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, appropriate management, and strict glycemic control in preventing severe complications of EPN.
Getah virus triggers ROS-mediated autophagy in mouse Leydig cells
Authors: Li Fengqin , Deng Lishuang , Xu Tong , Xu Lei , Xu Zhiwen , Lai Siyuan , Ai Yanru , Wang Yanqun , Yan Guangwen , Zhu Ling
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Getah virus (GETV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted via a mosquito-vertebrate cycle. While previous studies have explored the epidemiology and pathogenicity of GETV in various species, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Methods

This study investigated the impact of GETV infection and associated molecular mechanisms on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy levels in mouse Leydig cells both in vivo and in vitro. The male mice and TM3 cells were treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce cellular ROS levels. Rapamycin (Rapa) and 3-Methyladenine (3- MA) were used to change autophagy in both infected and uninfected TM3 cells.

Results and Discussion

The findings revealed that GETV infection in mouse testes speciffcally targeted Leydig cells and induced oxidative stress while enhancing autophagy in testicular tissue. Using TM3 cells as an in vitro model, the study confirmed GETV replication in this cell line, triggering increased ROS and autophagy levels. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce cellular ROS levels markedly reduced autophagy in testicular tissue and TM3 cells infected with GETV. Interestingly, the use of rapamycin (Rapa) and 3-Methyladenine (3- MA) led to autophagy change in both infected and uninfected TM3 cells, with no signiffcant alterations in cellular ROS levels. These results indicate that GETV infection elevates ROS levels, subsequently inducing autophagy in mouse Leydig cells. We also found that autophagy plays an important role in GETV replication. When autophagy levels were reduced using NAC and 3-MA, a corresponding decrease in TCID50 was observed. Conversely, upregulation of autophagy using Rapa resulted in an increase in TCID50 of GETV. Therefore, we speculate that GETV may exploit the autophagy pathway to facilitate its replication. These ffndings illuminate the interplay between GETV and host cells, providing valuable insights for therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in GETV infections.
Case report: Intra-abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with mucinous features: a case of rapid recurrence and dissemination post-surgery
Authors: Li Xingchen , Li Jie , Liang Chunxiao , Zou Qing
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms with intermediate biological potential and are characterized by spindle-shaped myofibroblastic cells and significant inflammatory infiltrates. This case report describes a 24-year-old male with diabetes who was admitted to the hospital for over three days of vomiting and abdominal pain and was initially diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Upon admission, an abdominal CT scan revealed a large cystic-solid mass in the abdominal cavity and multiple nodules in the mesentery, omentum, and peritoneum, suggesting a preliminary diagnosis of an intra-abdominal mesenchymal tumor with peritoneal metastasis. The patient underwent tumor resection, and postoperative pathology confirmed it to be an IMT rich in mucin, with a Ki-67 proliferation index of 50%. Despite the initial symptom improvement after surgery, the patient experienced rapid recurrence with more extensive abdominal lesions. The patient refused further treatment, and died shortly thereafter. The case underscores the aggressive nature of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) characterized by significant mucinous features, which are prone to recurrence and may suggest a poor prognosis. Radiological examinations and preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy may play a crucial role in managing such cases. Furthermore, alternative non-surgical treatment options or adjunct postoperative treatments could have a positive impact on the prognosis of this patient group. Further research is vital for enhancing our understanding of this rare tumor type and optimizing treatment strategies.
CSNK1E is involved in TGF-β1 induced epithelial mesenchymal transformationas and related to melanoma immune heterogeneity
Authors: Hong Wangbing , Wang Xin , Huang Xinyu , Chen Pengfei , Liu Yifan , Zheng Ziying , You Xin , Chen Yinghua , Xie Zengxin , Zhan Gongnan , Huang Heping
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Melanoma (MM), the deadliest form of skin cancer, originates from melanocytes. Despite advances in immunotherapy that have somewhat improved the prognosis for MM patients, high levels of resistance to treatment continue to result in poor clinical outcomes. Identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets is critical for improving the prognosis and treatment of MM.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of WNT signaling pathway genes in MM and explored their potential mechanisms. Using Cox regression analysis, we identified 19 prognostic-related genes. Consistency clustering was performed to evaluate the potential of these genes as classifiers for prognosis. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm was then applied to refine the gene set and construct a 13-gene prognostic model. We validated the model at multiple time points to assess its predictive performance. Additionally, correlation analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between key genes and processes, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune responses.

Results

We identified that CSNK1E and RAC3 were significantly positively correlated with the EMT process, with CSNK1E showing a similar expression trend to EMT-related genes. Both genes were also negatively correlated with multiple immune cell types and immune checkpoint genes. The 13-gene prognostic model demonstrated excellent predictive performance in MM prognosis. Pan-cancer analysis further revealed heterogeneous expression patterns and prognostic potential of CSNK1E across various cancers. Wet experiments confirmed that CSNK1E promotes MM cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and enhances malignant progression through the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that CSNK1E plays a crucial role in MM progression and could serve as a potential therapeutic target. The WNT and TGF-β pathways may work synergistically in regulating the EMT process in MM, highlighting their potential as novel therapeutic targets. These insights may contribute to the development of more effective treatments for MM, particularly for overcoming resistance to current therapies.
Strategie i trudności w pracy z tekstem naukowym w środowisku akademickim (na przykładzie ukraińskich studentów w Polsce)
Authors: Jędryka Beata Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on reading comprehension – one of the five key language skills and a fundamental academic competency. In this context, reading comprehension is understood as the ability to effectively engage with scientific texts, which is a crucial component of higher education. The topic is examined in relation to Ukrainian students who began their studies at the University of Warsaw in 2022. The article combines the theoretical and empirical approach. The first part discusses academic competencies and the characteristics of scientific texts from the perspective of teaching Polish as a foreign language for academic purposes. Special attention is given to the challenges students face when working with academic texts. The second part of the article presents the findings of a study aimed at identifying the difficuties Ukrainian students encounter during their studies at Polish universities, with a particular focus on the University of Warsaw. The study encompasses both linguistic and non-linguistic aspects. It comprised the perspectives of the students themselves as well as those of academic instructors. Additionally, the overall situation of Ukrainian students at Polish higher education institutions is described, with special emphasis placed on the University of Warsaw as the main location of the research.
Terminologia frazeologiczna w języku polskim do celów akademickich (problemy użytkowników ukraińskojęzycznych)
Authors: Lozynska Oksana , Stefanyshyn Yuliia
Published: January 2025

Polish and Ukrainian are languages related both genetically and typologically. The linguistic terminological systems of both languages are characterized by substantial similarity, although they are not and cannot be completely identical. This article deals with a study that is important from both scientific and practical point of view. It consists of demonstrating the structure of terminological systems in the fi eld of phraseology in Polish and Ukrainian. Additionally, a survey we conducted, as well as our own teaching experiences enabled us to highlight problems that Ukrainian-speaking users may encounter in the process of learning and using Polish phraseological terminology. We conclude that these difficulties stem from various linguistic, specialist and methodological factors.
A Multi-Source Domain Adaptation Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis with Dynamically Similarity Guidance on Incomplete Data
Authors: Tian Juan , Zhang Shun , Xie Gang , Shi Hui
Published: January 2025

In actual industrial scenarios, collecting a complete dataset with all fault categories under the same conditions is challenging, leading to a loss in fault category knowledge in single-source domains. Deep learning domain adaptation methods face difficulties in multi-source scenarios due to insufficient labeled data and significant distribution differences, hindering domain-specific knowledge transfer and reducing fault diagnosis efficiency. To address these issues, the Dynamic Similarity-guided Multi-source Domain Adaptation Network (DS-MDAN) is proposed. This method leverages incomplete data from multiple-source domains to address distribution disparities in deep domain adaptation. It enhances diagnostic performance in the target domain by transferring knowledge across diverse domains. DS-MDAN uses convolution kernels of different scales to extract multi-scale feature information and achieves feature fusion through upsampling and operations like addition and concatenation. Adversarial training with domain and fault classifiers optimizes feature extraction for widely applicable representations. The similarity between source and target domain data is calculated based on features extracted by a shared-weight network, dynamically adjusting the contribution of different source domain data to minimize distribution differences. Finally, matched source and target domain samples are mapped to the same feature space for fault diagnosis. Experimental validation on various bearing fault datasets shows that DS-MDAN improves performance in multiple fault diagnosis tasks, increasing accuracy and demonstrating good generalization capabilities.
Research on Underground Track Tracking of a New Type Shaft Boring Machine
Authors: Sun Jinyu , Chen Xinming , Jiao Huazhe , Wang Qi , Zheng Diantao , Han Yulong , Liu Ziyang
Published: January 2025

A trajectory tracking control scheme is proposed in this paper to achieve unmanned underground construction of a new type of shaft boring machine. The body motion model is constructed, and the control relationship between the driving system and the body motion is deduced. MATLAB and Simulink simulate the joint of the track tracking process in the new shaft boring machine. The actual effect of the track tracking control scheme is validated by the track tracking field test of the new shaft boring machine. The results show that the new shaft boring machine can complete various complex track tracking tasks, with the maximum position error being less than 0.005 m. The running track and excavation areas of the boring machine are observed along with the track tracking field test of the new shaft boring machine, demonstrating that the track tracking control scheme makes the new shaft boring machine realize unmanned construction and verifies the co-simulation accuracy. The PID (proportional–integral–derivative control) algorithm can complete complex trajectory tracking tasks and promote the development of unmanned construction technology.
Post-Recession Recovery in US Air Transport: Forecasting with a Temporal Causal Model
Authors: Ozmec-Ban Maja , Škurla Babić Ružica , Vasić Vladimir , Bartulović Dajana
Published: January 2025

This study examines the causal relationship between air transport demand and socio-economic indicators, with a focus on post-recession recovery dynamics. Using monthly data from 1990 to 2022, the research explores causality between air transport indicators and socio-economic indicators, based on which a temporal causal model for forecasting is created. A temporal causal model, integrating air transport and socio-economic metrics, is introduced to improve passenger air transport forecasting. Forecasted values from the temporal causal model and an ARIMA model were compared with actual realized traffic to assess the quality and accuracy of the models. Based on the comparison, the temporal causal model enables instant analysis of circumstances and causes in dynamic environments, as well as reliable forecasting of upcoming intermediate periods. This research contributes to airlines and other air transport stakeholders by delivering a reliable short-term forecasting tool for informed decision-making and sustainable growth.
Numerical Investigation of the Coupling Effects of Pulsed H2 Jets and Nanosecond-Pulsed Actuation in Supersonic Crossflow
Authors: Li Keyu , Wang Jiangfeng
Published: January 2025

Numerical investigations were conducted to analyze the coupling effects of pulsed H2 jets and nanosecond-pulsed actuation (NS-SDBD) in a supersonic crossflow. The FVM was employed to solve the multi-component 2D URANS equations with the SST k-omega turbulence model, while H2-air combustion was described using a seven species–seven reactions chain reaction model, and the plasma thermal effect was represented by a phenomenological model. The backward-facing step flows with an inlet Mach number of 2.5 and a pulsed jet frequency of 10 kHz under different actuation conditions were simulated. The combustion enhancement mechanism under an actuation frequency of 20 kHz was analyzed. Research indicates that compression waves induced by NS-SDBD enhance H2-air mixing and facilitate temperature transport as the flow progresses. This progress is significantly associated with the flow structures generated by pulsed jets. Under this condition, the fuel utilization rate in the flow field increased by 61.2%, the total pressure recovery coefficient increased by 5.34%, and the outlet total temperature slightly increased even with a 50% reduction in fuel flow rate. Comparative analysis of different actuation cases demonstrates that evenly distributed actuation within the jet cycle yields better effects. The innovation of this study lies in proposing and exploring a potential method to address inadequate combustion under high-speed inflow conditions, which couples NS-SDBD with pulsed hydrogen jets.
Design and Optimization for Straw Treatment Device Using Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Authors: Li Shaochuan , Diao Peisong , Li Xianghao , Zhao Yongli , Zhao Hongda
Published: January 2025

Due to the dense crop residue in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, challenges such as large resistance, increased power consumption, and straw backfilling arise in the process of no-till seeding under the high-speed operations. This paper presents the design of a straw treatment device to address these issues. The cutting edge of a straw-cutting disc is optimized using an involute curve, and the key structural parameters of the device are designed by analyzing the process of stubble cutting and clearing. In this study, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was employed to construct models of compacted soil and hollow, flexible wheat straw, forming the foundation for a comprehensive interaction model between the tool, soil, and straw. Key experimental variables, including working speed, rotation speed, and installation centre distance, were selected. The power consumption of the straw-cutting disc (PCD) and the straw-clearing rate (SCR) were used as evaluation metrics. Response surface methodology was applied to develop regression models linking the experimental factors with the evaluation indexes using Design-Expert 12 software. Statistical significance was assessed through ANOVA (p < 0.05), and factor interactions were analyzed via response surface analysis. The optimal operational parameters were found to be a working speed of 14 km/h, a rotation speed of 339.2 rpm, and an installation centre distance of 100 cm. Simulation results closely matched the predicted values, with errors of 1.59% for SCR and 9.68% for PCD. Field validation showed an SCR of 86.12%, improved machine passability, and favourable seedling emergence. This research provides valuable insights for further parameter optimization and component development.
Design and Testing of a Whole-Row Top-Loosening Stem-Clamping Seedling Extraction Device for Hole Tray Seedlings
Authors: Peng Zehui , Yang Fazhan , Li Yuhuan , Li Xiang , Li Baogang , Xu Guoli
Published: January 2025

A combined seedling extraction device was developed that operates by first top loosening and then clamping the stem in order to solve the current issues with automated transplanting technology, such as low seedling extraction efficiency and a high rate of substrate loss. The pepper plug tray seedlings were selected as the experimental subjects for testing the mechanical properties of the stems. The tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the stems were obtained, and the kinematic model of the seedling spacing process and the mechanical model of the seedling clamping process were established. Key parameters of the seedling extraction device were analyzed and calculated, and an automated seedling extraction system was constructed. Using substrate moisture content, seedling age, and extraction frequency as experimental factors, orthogonal tests were conducted. Through variance analysis and 3D response surface analysis, the optimal rounded parameter values were determined: 48% substrate moisture content, 38-day-old seedlings, and a seedling extraction frequency of 60 plants/min. Under these conditions, the seedling extraction success rate was 94.44%, the substrate loss rate was 6.07%, and the seedling damage rate was 4.17%, meeting the requirements for automated seedling extraction.
Current Insights into Various In Vitro Dihaploidization Techniques Used in Brassica Oil Crops
Authors: Bryxová Pavla , Fernández-Cusimamani Eloy , Klíma Miroslav
Published: January 2025

Brassicas are considered the third most important source of vegetable oil globally. With the escalating production of Brassica varieties, there is growing demand for high-yielding genotypes. Doubled haploid (DH) techniques have become very popular in various Brassica breeding programs. Such DH techniques can play a significant role in plant breeding by accelerating the production of homozygous lines and increasing selection efficiency. Among these methods, isolated microspore culture stands out as the most effective, facilitating the generation of a higher number of embryos compared to conventional methods of plant breeding. Different chemical compounds such as herbicides, brassinosteroids, and polyethylene glycol have an antimitotic effect and have been found to generate DH plants and improve microspore embryogenesis in Brassica species. Colchicine and trifluralin have proven to be efficient chromosome-doubling agents as well as important supplements that can increase the rate of embryogenesis. This review serves as a comprehensive summary and effectiveness evaluation of the latest research findings in the Brassica oil crops to help increase efficiency of the future research focusing on DH methods and application of antimitotic agents in the various oilseed species of the genus Brassica.
Hybrid Analysis of Biochar Production from Pyrolysis of Agriculture Waste Using Statistical and Artificial Intelligent-Based Modeling Techniques
Authors: Sait Hani Hussain , Kanthasamy Ramesh , Ayodele Bamidele Victor
Published: January 2025

Biochar is gaining recognition as a sustainable material, with several applications in soil amendment, carbon sequestration, nutrient dynamics, the remediation of organic contaminants from soil, and water filtration. However, understanding its characteristics is limited due to its intricate structure. This study used response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to optimize and predict the production of biochar from the pyrolysis of palm kernel shells. To determine how residence time, nitrogen flow rate, and pyrolysis temperature affected biochar production, a Box–Behnken experimental design was employed. The prediction of the biochar yield was modeled using four different models of ANNs: narrow, medium, wide, and optimum. The physicochemical properties of the biochar produced at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen (N2) physisorption analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). With a p-value significantly lower than 0.05, the response surface quadratic model was found to be the most suitable to optimize the biochar yield obtained from the PKS pyrolysis. Biochar production was very sensitive to the three operating parameters: pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen flow rate, and pyrolysis time. With a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.900, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.936, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.743, the optimized ANN outperformed the other three ANN models tested. When compared to the optimized ANN, the response surface quadratic model with an R2 of 0.989 had better prediction of biochar yield. At optimized experimental conditions for nitrogen flow rate (150.01 mL/min), temperature (799.71 °C), and pyrolysis time (107.61 min), a biochar yield of 37.87% was obtained at a desirability function of 1.
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals XDH Related with Ovarian Oxidative Stress Involved in Broodiness of Geese
Authors: Zhou Ning , Zhang Yaoyao , Jiang Youluan , Gu Wang , Zhao Shuai , Vongsangnak Wanwipa , Zhang Yang , Xu Qi , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2025

Studies have demonstrated significant alterations in ovarian oxidative stress levels, ovarian degeneration, and follicular atresia during the broody period in geese. The results of this study showed that during the broody period, geese exhibited degraded ovarian tissues, disrupted follicular development, a thinner granulosa cell layer, and lower levels of ovarian hormones E2, P4, and AMH. Antioxidant activity (GSH, CAT, SOD, T-AOC, and the content of H2O2) and the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (GPX, SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, COX-2, and Hsp70) were significantly higher in pre-broody geese compared to laying geese, while the expression of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) increased and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 decreased. Additionally, proteomic analysis identified 703 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), primarily concentrated in the GO categories of the biological process (biological regulation, response to stimulus, etc.) and enriched in the KEGG pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc.). Among them, XDH was central to the regulatory network. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed higher expression of XDH in the ovaries of pre-broody geese than those of laying geese. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between XDH expression and oxidative stress markers in the ovaries of geese (r > 0.75). Overall, these results demonstrated that geese experience ovarian atrophy and remarkably increased oxidative stress during the broody period, suggesting that XDH may be a key driver of broodiness in geese.
Investigation of the Molecular Mechanism of Asthma in Meishan Pigs Using Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Tu Weilong , Wang Hongyang , Zhang Yingying , Huang Ji , Diao Yuduan , Zhou Jieke , Tan Yongsong , Li Xin
Published: January 2025

Asthma has been extensively studied in humans and animals, but the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma in Meishan pigs, a breed with distinct genetic and physiological characteristics, remain elusive. Understanding these mechanisms could provide insights into veterinary medicine and human asthma research. We investigated asthma pathogenesis in Meishan pigs through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of blood samples taken during autumn and winter. Asthma in Meishan pigs is related to inflammation, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle disorders. Related genes include CXCL10, CCL8, CCL22, CCL21, OLR1, and ACKR1, while metabolites include succinic acid, riboflavin-5-phosphate, and fumaric acid. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed on panting and normal Meishan pigs, and differentially expressed genes underwent functional enrichment screening. Metabolomic analysis revealed differential metabolites and pathways between groups. Combined analyses indicated that lung inflammation is influenced by genetic, allergenic, and environmental factors disrupting oxidative phosphorylation in lung mitochondria, affecting the TCA cycle. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, glutathione S-transferases, arginase 1 and RORC in immune regulation, the Notch pathway, YPEL4 in cell proliferation, and MARCKS in airway mucus secretion play roles in asthma pathogenesis. This study highlights that many cytokines and signaling pathways contribute to asthma. Further studies are needed to elucidate their complex interactions.
Using Dalbavancin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs) in Obese Patients: A Real-Life, Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Oliva Alessandra , Petrucci Flavia , Leanza Cristiana , Rivano Capparuccia Marco , Comi Michela , Mastroianni Claudio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Obesity is an established risk factor for several infective conditions, including Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs), with a rising trend in their incidence expected in this population. Although numerous antibiotics are available for the prevention and treatment of ABSSSIs, their characterization in obese patients is not a regulatory mandate, highlighting a knowledge gap in this field. Dalbavancin (DAL) is the first approved long-acting antibiotic for the treatment of ABSSSIs. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical effectiveness of DAL in the treatment of ABSSSI, with or without concomitant osteoarticular infections (OAIs), in obese patients compared with non-obese patients. Furthermore, we compared the effectiveness of DAL and intravenous standard of care (SOC) regimens in a subgroup of obese patients with ABSSSI. Results: Overall, 45 subjects treated with DAL (12 obese and 33 non-obese) and 8 obese subjects treated with SOC regimens (1:1 ratio) were included. Obese patients treated with DAL had a similar clinical resolution to non-obese patients. However, obese patients tended to have a better cure rate in ABSSSI than OAI. The subgroup of obese patients with ABSSSI had a high clinical resolution, which was comparable to that of SOC. DAL was overall highly tolerated in obese patients. Methods: Over a three-year period, hospitalized subjects with ABSSSI who were treated with DAL were included. Patients were further divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Furthermore, obese patients treated with DAL were compared with obese patients treated with SOC (1:1 ratio). Conclusions: In our real-world study, DAL confirmed its high effectiveness in the treatment of ABSSSI, including in a difficult-to-treat population such as obese patients.
Bacteriophage Treatment Induces Phenotype Switching and Alters Antibiotic Resistance of ESBL Escherichia coli
Authors: Rózsa Árpád , Orosz László , Szemerédi Nikoletta , Spengler Gabriella , Kecskeméti Gábor , Vágó Otília , Sárvári Károly Péter , Szabó Diana , Szabó Zoltán , Burián Katalin , Virok Dezső Péter
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Bacteriophage therapy represents a promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as Escherichia coli. In this study, we explored the effects of a bacteriophage infection on an Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) positive E. coli isolate. Methods: We used next generation sequencing, proteomics and phenotypic screens to investigate the effect of bacteriophage infections on E. coli metabolism and resistance phenotypes. Results: The bacteriophage infection led to notable alterations in colony morphology, indicating profound changes in bacterial metabolism. Proteomic analysis revealed significant shifts in protein expression, with 65 proteins upregulated and 246 downregulated post-infection. The downregulated proteins were involved in various metabolic pathways, including nucleic acid, protein and lipid metabolism, and iron acquisition. Bacteriophage treatment also led to increased bacterial membrane permeability. Altogether, these alterations in bacterial metabolism and membrane permeability may lead to a general reduction in antibiotic resistance. Indeed, the bacteriophage-infected E. coli exhibited increased sensitivity to various classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and aminoglycosides. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential of bacteriophage therapy as an adjunct to existing antibiotics, enhancing their efficacy against resistant strains.
How Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations Could Be Affected by Oxidative Stress, Physical Capacities and Genetics: A Focus on Dolutegravir Treated Male PLWH
Authors: Cusato Jessica , Mulasso Anna , Ferrara Micol , Manca Alessandra , Accardo Guido , Palermiti Alice , Antonucci Miriam , Bianco Gianluca , Chiara Francesco , Mula Jacopo , Tettoni Maria Cristina , Cuomo Simone , Trevisan Giulia , Bonora Stefano , Di Perri Giovanni , Lupo Corrado , Rainoldi Alberto , D’Avolio Antonio
Published: January 2025

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present in people living with HIV (PLWH), produced by intense physical activity; in response, our body produces antioxidant molecules. ROS influence the expression of gene-encoding enzymes and transporters involved in drug biotransformation. In addition, pharmacogenetics can influence transporter activity, and thus drug exposure. Currently, no studies concerning this topic are present in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate whether some antioxidant molecules, physical exercise, and genetic variants could affect dolutegravir (DTG) concentrations in PLWH, switching from triple to dual therapy. Thirty PLWH were recruited and analyzed at baseline (triple therapy), and 6 months after (dual therapy). Physical capacities were investigated using validated tools. Drug concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers levels were evaluated through liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, while genetic variants through real-time PCR. No statistical differences were suggested for drug concentrations, with the exception of intracellular DTG (p = 0.047). Statistically significant correlations between DTG plasma concentrations and white blood cells (p = 0.011; S = 0.480) and cytoplasmic N-acetyl-cysteine (p = 0.033; S = −0.419) were observed. Finally, white blood cells and BMI remained in the final multivariate regression model as predictors of DTG concentrations. This is the first study showing possible factors related to oxidative stress impacting DTG exposure.
Neuroprotective Effects of Myrtle Berry By-Product Extracts on 6-OHDA-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells
Authors: Dessì Debora , Fais Giacomo , Follesa Paolo , Sarais Giorgia
Published: January 2025

The rising global focus on healthy lifestyles and environmental sustainability has prompted interest in repurposing plant-based by-products for health benefits. With increasing life expectancy, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases—characterized by complex, multifactorial mechanisms such as abnormal protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation—continues to grow. Medicinal plants, with their diverse bioactive compounds, offer promising therapeutic avenues for such conditions. Myrtus communis L., a Mediterranean plant primarily used in liquor production, generates significant waste rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explores the neuroprotective potential of Myrtus berry by-products in a cellular model of neurodegeneration. Using PC12 cells exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), we assessed cell viability via MTT assay and measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production using DCFDA fluorescence. Additionally, we analyzed the expression of genes linked to oxidative stress and neuronal function, including AChE, PON2, Grin1, Gabrd, and c-fos, by RT-PCR. Our findings reveal that Myrtus extract significantly protects against 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity, reduces ROS levels, and modulates the expression of key stress-related genes, underscoring its potential as a neuroprotective agent. These results highlight the therapeutic promise of Myrtus extracts in mitigating neurodegenerative processes, paving the way for future interventions.