bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First description of class 1 integron in typhoidal Salmonella isolated from clinical and lettuce samples in Burkina Faso.
Authors: SOMDA Namwin Siourimè , Bonkoungou Juste Isidore Ouindgueta , Traoré Oumar , Sambe-Ba Bissoume , Wane Abdoul Aziz , Traoré Yves , Savadogo Aly
Published: December 2019

Background: In Burkina Faso, dirty water, in particular those of the stoppings and the gutter are used for irrigation of vegetables. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge on the molecular level of Salmonella circulating in the hospitals and environment next to hospitals in Burkina Faso. Methods: Salmonella isolated from diarrhea stools between 2009 to 2015 and lettuce samples isolated in 2014 in Burkina Faso were characterized by simple Polymerase Chain Reaction using specific primers. Sequencing was performed using the BigDye terminator protocol on the ABI PRISM 310. The sequences obtained corresponding were searched using the BlastN program.Results: Out of 100 Salmonella isolated, 53% were from human and 47% from lettuce samples. Globally, the highest prevalence was observed with invA, misL, pipD, orfL and spvR genes in 97%, 96%; 74%; and 21%. Forty of these isolates carried class 1 integron, 31 from clinical samples and 9 from lettuce samples. Sequencing showed different gene with aadA1 in 13/15 strains, aadA7 and aac(3)-Id in 2/15 strains. Eight percent (8/100) of Salmonella harbored gyrB and parE genes. Sequencing showed no mutation in these genes. Three distinct Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) types were observed from clinical samples with 90-95% similarity in each case. All Salmonella from lettuce had similar pulsotypes. Conclusion: This study showed that lettuce is a potential source of transmission of Salmonella causing diarrhea among human in Burkina Faso.
Incidence and Predictors of tuberculosis among HIV patients after initiation of ART treatment in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonen , Yetemegn Gebeyehu Shumuye , Angaw Dessie Abebaw
Published: December 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is the oldest infectious disease and it is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though, several primary studies have been conducted on incidence of tuberculosis among HIV infected individuals in Ethiopia, national level TB incidence is unknown. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study is aimed to study TB incidence rate and its predictors among HIV infected individuals in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted extensive search of literature as indicated in the guideline of reporting systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI and Scopus literature. Searching terms used were “incidence”, “predictors”, “Tuberculosis”, “HIV infected patients”, and “Ethiopia”. We used Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis and Meta regressions were conducted using STATA 14 software. The pooled meta-analysis and Meta regression were computed to present the pooled incidence rate and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV infected patients after initiation of ART therapy with a 95% confidence interval Results: Among a total of 189 studies, 11 studies were included in this analysis. The estimated pooled incidence rate of TB per 100-person year observation (PYO) among HIV infected patients after initiation of ART therapy was 4.8(95% CI: 3.69–5.83). In subgroup analysis, the estimated pooled incidence of tuberculosis showed a slightly difference between Adults and children after initiation of ART treatment, which was 4.3 (95% CI: 2.96, 5.71) and 5.0 (95% CI: 3.51, 6.50), respectively. Significant predictor of pooled estimate of meta-analysis showed that being anemic patients (2.30, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.02); on WHO clinical stage III & IV (2.26, 95% CI (1.70, 3.02); and not on CPT (2.16, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.72) and a Meta regression revealed that CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 (2.12, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.86) was positively significant predictors among Adults. Conclusions: The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the pooled incidence of TB among HIV patients was found to lower than WHO 2018 national estimate. Being anemic, WHO stage III& IV, not on CPT, CD4 <200cells/µl and being male were significant predictors of Tuberculosis. Therefore, the existing strategies to decrease TB should be strengthening.
Activation of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Du Mingyue , Wang Weijia , Huang Lina , Guan Xiuting , Lin Wen , Yao Jingxin , Li Liping
Published: December 2019

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy-specific systemic inflammatory disorder. The characteristic pathological abnormality in PE is impaired uterine spiral artery (SA) remodeling. Natural cells (NK) cells have been proposed to play an important role in uterine SA remodeling, particularly in early pregnancy. Still, the definitive role of NK cells in later phases of PE is largely unstudied. In the present study, we investigated the association between NK cells and PE in late human pregnancy. Methods: Collected normal control (n = 18), late-onset (n = 28) and early-onset PE patients peripheral blood and decidua, isolated mononuclear cells, the ratio of NK cells and the level of intracellular cytokines production were evaluated using Flow cytometry. Co-culture first trimester cytotrophoblast cells with conditioned medium (CM) from decidual NK (dNK) cells, evaluated cytotrophoblast cells migration, invasion, NK cytotoxicity and soluble factors secreted by dNK cells. For multiple group comparisons, data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-testing when the variances were homogeneous or with Tamhane’s T2 post-testing when the variances were not homogeneous. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: We found that the numbers of both peripheral blood NK (pNK) cells and dNK cells and intracellular interferon (IFN)-γ, perforin and granzyme B production were significantly higher in PE compared with normal pregnancies at the time of delivery for both early-onset and late-onset disease. dNK cells from PE pregnancies not only killed primary first trimester trophoblast cells in vitro but also inhibited their migration and invasion when compared to normal controls. Using recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-8, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and neutralizing Abs against these factors, we demonstrated that GM-CSF and IL-8 in the CM from dNK cells promoted, while IFN-γ and TNF-α inhibited trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Conclusion: Our results suggest that activation of NK cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE in late pregnancy. Elevated local levels of dNK cell-derived IFN-γ and TNF-α and decreased GM-CSF and IL-8 in preeclamptic pregnancies may directly mediate known reductions in trophoblast cell migration and invasion in deciduae from preeclamptic pregnancies.
Serum lactate level predicts 6-months mortality in hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Nie Yuan , Wan Si-Zhe , Liu Cong , Zhu Xuan
Published: December 2019

Background The prediction of prognosis is an important part of management in decompensated cirrhosis (DeCi) patients with high long-term mortality. Lactate is a known predictor of outcome in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of lactate in DeCi patients.Methods We performed a single-center, observational, retrospective study of 456 DeCi patients extracted from hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine whether lactate was independently associated with the prognosis of DeCi patients. The AUROC was calculated to assess the predictive accuracy compared with existing scores.Results Serum lactate level was significantly higher in nonsurviving patients than in surviving patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that lactate was a risk-independent factor 6-months mortality (odds ratio: 1.412, P=0.001). ROC curves were drawn to evaluate the prediction efficiencies of lactate for 6-months mortality (AUROC: 0.716, P<0.001). Based on our patient cohort, the new scores (MELD+ lactate score, Child-Pugh+ lactate score) had good accuracy for predicting 6-months mortality (AUROC=0.769, P<0.001; AUROC= 0.766, P<0.001). Additionally, the performance of the new scores was superior to those of existing scores (all P < 0.001).Conclusion Serum lactate at admission may be useful for predicting 6-months mortality in DeCi patients, and the predictive value of the MELD score and Child-Pugh score were improved by adjusting lactate. Lactate should be part of the rapid diagnosis and initiation of therapy to improve clinical outcome.
Química além da visão: Uma proposta de material didático para ensinar química para deficientes visuais
Authors: Duarte Cássia Cristina Campos , Oshiro Laís Cristina Suemi , Carvalho Ludmila Pereira de , Benedetti Filho Edemar , Souza James Alves de
Published: December 2019

A química é o ramo da ciência que estuda a matéria e suas propriedades. Os parâmetros curriculares ressaltam que o ensino de química não pode se resumir apenas à transmissão de conhecimento, mas também fazer referência com o cotidiano do aluno de modo a facilitar a assimilação dos conteúdos. Para isso, faz-se uso de representações como materiais macroscópicos, gráficos e experimentos para que fenômenos sejam percebidos por meio de alteração de cores, precipitações, etc. Estes procedimentos geralmente são baseados na percepção visual. Mas e no caso de alunos portadores de deficiência visual? Estes ficariam privados de um ensino de química mais dinâmico e lúdico? Neste trabalho nós apresentamos uma proposta de elaboração de materiais alternativos para levar conteúdos da química de uma forma mais envolvente para estes alunos. A partir da adaptação de imagens, gráficos e ilustrações do capítulo de um livro didático de química nós mostramos que é possível os alunos assimilar conceitos científicos diversos, que a princípio só poderiam ser ensinados a partir da percepção visual. Nós também apresentamos uma sugestão de sequência didática para uso do material desenvolvido baseada em nosso relato de experiência com uma turma de 7 alunos portadores de deficiência visual.
Transformación digital en instituciones de educación superior: entre el mito y la realidad
Authors: Branch Bedoya John Willian
Published: December 2019

Existe hoy en el mundo un número de tendencias tecnológicas que están potenciando un cambio de enfoque en las organizaciones. Esto, sumado a la globalización de la información y la economía, se encuentra jalonando una transformación orientada al logro de una mayor eficacia organizacional utilizando los recursos digitales disponibles, de la mano de un proceso de cambio de la cultura organizacional hacia los instrumentos y las herramientas digitales.
Uterine inflammatory conditions in dairy cows: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: BRODZKI PIOTR
Published: December 2019

The diagnosis of inflammatory conditions in the uterus depends primarily on the severity of the inflammation process and associated clinical symptoms. Because of the period of occurrence and characteristic signs, severe lesions in the uterus, such as metritis puerperalis, are not difficult to diagnose and do not require the use of diagnostic methods other than clinical examinations and, if necessary, additional tests to determine the general condition of the animals. However, in this case, it is important to precisely identify the pathogenic factor and to determine its susceptibility to antibiotics in order to define further treatment. Endometritis is the biggest diagnostic problem, especially its subclinical form, which can be diagnosed only by additional cytological or histopathological tests. These tests, although available, are not routinely performed in Poland at this time. The latest diagnostic methods, such as immunohistochemical tests or flow cytometry, have provided many previously unknown data, for example, on the action of the local resistance mechanisms in the uterus. Since the immune system of the uterus is not fully known, the above tests may improve the understanding of its activity or may help modulate its functions in the future as a potential preventative measure or treatment for inflammatory conditions of the uterus. The treatment of inflammatory conditions in dairy cows is currently based on two basic methods: intrauterine administration of antibiotics and intramuscular injections of prostaglandin-based preparations. The main goal of the treatment is to improve the fertility of cows in the herd, and since these methods are often ineffective, there have been attempts to treat endometritis with iodine-based preparations and preparations containing enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain). They did not, however, improve the fertility of cows. The administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs to eliminate the inflammatory condition of the uterus and to prevent early deaths of embryos at the time of the greatest risk of embryo loss did not increase the number of pregnancies in cows either. Literature data suggest that immunomodulation and the use of probiotics may be useful in the prevention and treatment of endometritis.
GANHO DE PESO GESTACIONAL E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM GESTANTES E RECÉM-NASCIDOS
Authors: Dell'Osbel Rafaela Santi , Cremonese Cleber , Gregoletto Maria Luisa de Oliveira
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo medir o ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) e identificar os fatores associados em gestantes e recém-nascidos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, em uma coorte, constituído por gestantes e recém-nascidos usuários da Atenção Básica de Caxias do Sul/RS. Os dados foram coletados em três momentos distintos, sendo no primeiro e terceiro trimestre gestacional e no primeiro mês após o nascimento do bebê. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 47 gestantes e recém-nascidos, destas 28,3% apresentaram GPG insuficiente, 34,8% GPG adequado e 37% GPG excessivo. As gestantes com escolaridade até 10 anos de estudo apresentaram maior prevalência de GPG insuficiente (48,0%), já as que dispunham de 11 anos ou mais de estudo apresentaram maior prevalência de GPG adequado (52,4%) (p=0,024). Ainda, observa-se associação significativa com comprimento ao nascer (p-valor 0,035) e com a alimentação na primeira semana de vida (p-valor 0,037). Conclusões: Conclui-se que as gestantes apresentam elevada prevalência de GPG excessivo. Ainda, identificou-se associação significativa entre o GPG insuficiente com a baixa escolaridade e ao menor comprimento ao nascer. Houve associação entre o GPG excessivo e elevada prevalência para AME na primeira semana de vida. Desta forma, percebe-se a necessidade de estratégias para adequar e orientar o GPG, assim como instruir hábitos de vida saudáveis e reforçar a necessidade do cuidado pré-natal para a saúde da gestante e do recém-nascido.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA AUTONOMIA E DO PENSAMENTO CRÍTICO NO FESTIVAL DE MÚSICA BRASILEIRA DA ESCOLA ESTADUAL CARLOS NOGUEIRA DA GAMA
Authors: Almeida Letícia Sanglard
Published: December 2019

Esta pesquisa busca como objetivo geral refletir sobre o desenvolvimento do projeto pedagógico “Festival de Música Brasileira” da Escola Estadual Carlos Nogueira da Gama e sua contribuição para a construção da autonomia e do pensamento crítico em torno da música brasileira para toda a comunidade escolar. O referencial teórico apresenta os conceitos e teorias de autores distintos, buscando relacioná-las a outros estudos, resultando em um trabalho de abordagem qualitativa de um estudo de caso, com relato de experiência sobre o projeto realizado no ano de 2013 com os alunos da Escola Estadual Carlos Nogueira da Gama, do município de Reduto – Minas Gerais. Como metodologia, foi realizada a análise de documentos e registros e da própria reflexão sobre o projeto. Demonstrou-se, através da análise dos dados, as características, etapas e aprendizagens desenvolvidas, revelando a importância dos projetos pedagógicos na Educação Básica. Os resultados foram evidenciados através da apresentação da relação entre a fundamentação teórica e a prática, relatados no decorrer da experiência construída pelos alunos, as impressões do professor/educador, confirmando, por fim, as hipóteses iniciais, e constatando os desafios e vantagens no desenvolvimento de projetos pedagógicos e na formação de um corpo discente mais autônomo, ativo e crítico.
A OPERAÇÃO ACOLHIDA E A IMIGRAÇÃO VENEZUELANA EM RORAIMA
Authors: Cruz Junior Sidmar José
Published: December 2019

A crise que se instalou na Venezuela e que temos testemunhado vem se agravando e provocando sérios problemas econômicos e sociais no Brasil, principalmente no Estado de Roraima. O presente trabalho será desenvolvido pautado na pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica, com consulta a obras, artigos, publicações dos mais renomados autores assegurando o devido embasamento teórico ao tema proposto. Associado a este, será realizada uma análise e discussão envolvendo a experiencia pessoal do autor na Operação Acolhida, buscando transcrever uma experiencia militar e de vida muito enriquecedora e que rende frutos para o aprimoramento profissional de um servidor militar que teve a honrosa oportunidade de atuar, representado o Brasil em um acontecimento tão importante a nível regional e internacional. A conclusão que se chega a princípio é que o país de fato tem conseguido realizar uma atuação satisfatória em termos de política externa e poder de influência nas decisões políticas e estratégicas.
Hydrologic-environmental effects of sponge city under different spatial scales
Authors: Li Jiake , Mu Cong , Deng Chenning , Ma Menghua
Published: December 2019

The storm water management models were established at three spatial scales (large, medium, and small) based on a sponge city pilot area in China to explore the hydrological and environmental effects of rainfall conditions and development modes. Results showed the following. (1) Total runoff reduction rates increased from 26.7% to 53.9% for the rainfall event of a 2-year recurrence period as the scale increased. For 5-year and above recurrence periods, total runoff reduction rates were 19.5–49.4%. These rates increased from the small to medium scale and slightly decreased from the medium to large scale. (2) The runoff coefficients were 0.87–0.29, which decreased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale. (3) The peak flow reduction rates decreased with increased recurrence periods. The rates increased initially and then decreased at the small scale, whereas the opposite trend occurred at the medium scale. (4) The reduction rates of pollutants were negatively correlated with recurrence periods under the three spatial scales. The pollution load reduction rates were 19.5–54.7%, which increased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale.
Estimation of oleoresin yield from Copaifera spp. in primary forest in meridional Amazon
Authors: Roquette José Guilherme , Drescher Ronaldo , Brondani Gilvano Ebling , Souza Edila Cristina , Rondon-Neto Rubens Marques , Ebert Alexandre , Teixeira Leandro Ribeiro
Published: December 2019

The objectives of this research were to verify the relationships between the dendrometric and edaphic variables with the yield of oleoresin from Copaifera spp., and to adjust equations to predict yield from a primary forest. Thirty Copaifera spp. trees were selected to extract oleoresins over 24 hours, using a 1.91 cm (¾ inch) auger. In addition, data were collected on tree size and the edaphic characteristics of the topsoil around of each tree. Principal components analysis was used to verify the relationships between variables and a regression analysis was used to verify variables that may be best to predict oleoresin yield. After the principal components analysis, the only variable related to the oleoresin yield was the stem height, which had the best adjusted coefficient of determination (0.84) and relative standard error (13.11%). We found the yield of oleoresin from Copaifera spp. in primary a forest had a significant and positive correlation with the stem height, whereas no significant correlations were found between yield, or any other dendrometric or topsoil variables studied.
Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Social Prescribing in Mental Health: Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Patel Shivani , Craigen Gerry , Pinto da Costa Mariana , Inkster Becky
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

The concept of digital social prescription usually refers to social prescriptions that are facilitated by using technology. Tools that enable such digital social prescriptions may be beneficial in recommending nonmedical activities to people with mental illness. As these tools are still somewhat novel and emerging, little is known about their potential advantages and disadvantages.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to identify the potential opportunities and challenges that may arise from digital social prescriptions.

METHODS

We developed a qualitative questionnaire that was disseminated through social media (Facebook and Twitter). A purposive sample targeting digital mental health experts and nonexperts was approached. The questionnaire asked participants’ views about digital social prescription; the core elements linked with a definition of digital social prescription; and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with digital social prescription.

RESULTS

Four core elements were recommended to define the concept of digital social prescription: digital, facilitate, user, and social. The main strength identified was the possibility to rapidly start using digital social prescription tools, which were perceived as cost-effective. The main weaknesses were their poor adherence and difficulties with using such tools. The main opportunities were an increased access to social prescription services and the prevention of serious mental illness. The main threats were certain groups being disadvantaged, patients being subject to unintended negative consequences, and issues relating to confidentiality and data protection.

CONCLUSIONS

Although digital social prescriptions may be able to effectively augment the social prescriptions, a careful consideration of practical challenges and data ethics is imperative in the design and implementation of such technologies.
Effect of physical activity trackers and daily text messages on quality-of-life in colorectal cancer survivors (Smart Pace): a pilot randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Hilary , Van Loon Katherine , Kenfield Stacey A , Chan June Maylin , Mitchell Emily , Zhang Li , Paciorek Alan , Laffan Angela , Atreya Chloe , Fukuoka Yoshimi , Miaskowski Christine , Meyerhardt Jeffrey , Venook Alan , Van Blarigan Erin L
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

There are over 1.3 million colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in the United States, many of whom report lower health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) for years after diagnosis and treatment. Physical activity may improve survival outcomes and HRQoL for CRC survivors. Feasible interventions to support physical activity after CRC diagnosis are needed.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study aimed to explore the impact of digital health intervention on physical activity and HRQoL.

METHODS

We conducted a two-arm, randomized controlled trial of 41 men and women who had completed treatment for CRC. Participants in the intervention arm were given a Fitbit Flex™ and received daily text messages for 12 weeks. HRQoL was assessed in both arms at enrollment and 12 weeks using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey (SF-36) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment – Colorectal (FACT-C). Survey score changes from enrollment to 12 weeks were compared between the two arms using independent t-tests and scores at enrollment and 12 weeks were compared using paired t-tests.

RESULTS

We observed an increase in the FACT-C functional well-being sub-scale in individuals in the intervention arm pre- to post- intervention (median difference: 2; interquartile range (IQR): 1,4; P = .02). In contrast, no change in functional well-being sub-scale was found in the control arm (median difference: 0; IQR: -1,1; P = .71). No other measures of HRQoL appeared to differ within arm, across time points, or between arms.

CONCLUSIONS

A 12-week physical activity intervention using a Fitbit Flex™ and daily text messages may improve functional well-being among CRC survivors. Larger randomized studies are needed to definitively determine if a digital physical activity intervention improves functional well-being among CRC survivors and if this improvement can be sustained over time.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02966054
mHealth in clinical decision-making: A systematic literature review (Preprint)
Authors: Dhir Amandeep
Published: December 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

A large number of mHealth apps are available nowadays for patients and health care providers. Many of those apps are designed specifically for clinical decision making (CDM). Despite their proliferation, limited studies have examined the utilization and effectiveness of these apps. The current study undertakes a systematic review to organize and synthesize the extant literature on mHealth for CDM in all resource settings. A thorough search of databases resulted in a preliminary list of 1,313 titles and abstracts, of which 1,107 were excluded as they were either duplicates or irrelevant to the scope of the study. Thereafter, full-text screening of the remaining 206 articles was performed, and 175 were excluded on the basis of pre-specified inclusion/exclusion criteria. This rigorous approach resulted in the identification of 31 studies for inclusion in the review. The utilization of mHealth for CDM appears to have pervaded almost all health care settings, as demonstrated by the insights gleaned from the review of the prior studies in the domain. However, the evidence of effectiveness is still limited and unreliable, which underscores the existence of a paucity of accumulated knowledge that, in turn, invites interesting opportunities for future research.
Identification and quantification of fruit phenolic compounds of Malus communis
Authors: Saoudi Soulef , Khennouf Seddik , Mayouf Nozha
Published: December 2019

Malus communis (apple) is fruits belong to family Rosaseae. Apple is important source of phytochemicals substance, which has good effect in human health and antioxidant activity. The aim of this work is to identify the polyphenols compounds and the antioxidant activity of Malus communis. The analyses phytochemicals of polyphenols is estimated by UPLC method. The flavonoids content were determinate by the Aluminum chloride method.  The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power. The results suggested that Malus communis have high content of sugars, tannin (795  ± 0.05 mg D- glucose equivalents per gram dry weight, 31.38 ± 0.006 mg tannic acid equivalents per gram dry weight and important amount of flavonoids 5.08 ±  0.001 mg quercetin equivalents per gram of dry weight) respectively. The chromatogram of apple demonstrated that this fruits contain various substances such as Gallic acid and Chlorogenic acid. The extract exerted good effect in antioxidant activity. Apple can scavenge free radicals ABTS and DPPH with values of IC50 (0.64 ± 0.02, 0.60 ± 0.03 mg/ml respectively). Finally the consumption dietary of fruits can reduce the risk the chronic disease.   

Keywords: Malus communis, UPLC, tannin, flavonoids, antioxidant activity.
study Study of the Hepatoprotective Activity of Polyherbal Formulation on Alcohol Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: SHAH ZALAK CHIRAG , Paranjape Archana , Soni Hardik , Mandal Snigdha Das , Patel Janki
Published: December 2019

Many traditional systems of medicines employ herbal drugs for the hepatoprotection. Aim of the study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of polyherbal formulation against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Group I animals were treated with 1% CMC for 18 days. Group II, III and IV animals were treated with 1% CMC, polyherbal formulation 180mg/kg/day and silymarin 100mg/kg/day respectively for 18 days and then orally administration with ethanol 3.76 g/kg/day simultaneously for 18 days. After 24 hours of last dosing, the blood was obtained through retro-orbital plexus under light anaesthesia and the animals were sacrificed.  Hepatoprotective potential was assessed by various biochemical parameters such as AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, cholesterol, TG and thiopentone sodium induced sleep time. Group III rats showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, cholesterol, TG, liver weight(wt.) and relative liver wt. levels while significant (p<0.01) increase in TP levels as compared to group II rats. Hepatoprotective potential of polyherbal formulation 180mg/kg/day was comparable to that of standard drug silymarin 100mg/kg/day. Results of the study were well supported by histopathological observations. This study confirms that polyherbal formulation possesses hepatoprotective potential comparable to that of standard drug silymarin as it exhibited comparable protective potential against PCM induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

Keywords: Polyherbal formulation, Hepatoprotective potential, Alcohol, Hepatotoxicity, Silymarin
Attitude and Practice of Community Pharmacists towards Pharmaceutical Care in Nigeria
Authors: Amibor Kingsley Chiedu , Okonta Collins
Published: December 2019

Background: Since the introduction of pharmaceutical care in the 1990’s, a lot of progress has been made, but misconceptions and barriers to its full implementation still exist. Around the world, community pharmacists are moving from supplying and dispensing medications to gradual introduction of pharmaceutical care into their practice.

Objectives: This study evaluated the attitude and practice of pharmaceutical care among community pharmacists in Delta State, Nigeria.

Methods: These were achieved through the use of a 30 item questionnaire pretested and administered to 50 community pharmacists that gathered for their quarterly meeting in Asaba, Delta State.  Data were analyzed through chi square statistics using SPSS 23.  A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Out of 50 questionnaires distributed, 32 were returned, giving a response rate of 64%. Majority of the respondents (28.1%) were aged 50-59 years, more than half (62.5%) were males. The mean age was 40.5 years ± 13.7 years. Majority of the respondents (71.9%) were married, more than half (56.3%) had Bachelor of Pharmacy as sole degree. Half (50.0%) were residing in Warri while more than a third (40.6%) had been in practice for 1-5 years. Attitude was positive (51.2%), practice was poor (39.0%).  Reasons for not practicing pharmaceutical care ranged from lack of personnel (21.9%), lack of collaboration with other healthcare providers; lack of space and non-acceptance by physicians and nurses were 18.8% each, lack of pharmaceutical care skills (9.4%) and pharmaceutical care is time consuming (6.5%). Analysis of educational status versus number of respondents involved in identification of errors was significant at c2 = 21.013, P = 0.002 with Bachelor of Pharmacy respondents (56.3%) identifying most errors.

Conclusion: Attitude of community pharmacists to pharmaceutical care from this study was positive while practice was poor. Interventions such as update lectures to improve awareness of Pharmaceutical care and further attitudinal change are recommended.

Keywords:  pharmaceutical care, community pharmacists, attitude and practice
Interferência do avanço agrícola na qualidade ambiental das nascentes dos córregos Lagoa Seca e Lajeado da APA Serra do Lajeado
Authors: Panontin Juliane Farinelli , Queirós Deize Carneiro , Xerente Paulo Waikarnase , Ribeiro Claudiane Lima , Malvásio Adriana , Rambo Magale , Giraldin Odair
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar se o avanço agrícola já evidenciado na APA Serra do Lajeado está interferindo na qualidade das nascentes. O avanço agrícola foi verificado pela análise de área de cobertura florestal da APA pelo MAPBiomas, pelo quantitativo de produção de soja, além de estudos em literatura. A análise da preservação das nascentes foi realizada conforme protocolo de avaliação de impacto ambiental e a qualidade da água foi avaliada através de análises físicas, químicas e microbiológicas e analisada estatisticamente utilizando Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Os trechos de rio a jusante da nascente foram analisados por meio de protocolo de avaliação rápida (PAR). Os resultados indicaram aumento do avanço agrícola na APA Serra do Lajeado. As nascentes, embora apresentem alto grau de preservação, apresentam contaminação por coliformes, sendo sua água imprópria para o consumo. Os trechos de rios mais antropizados foram aqueles localizados próximos a área de agricultura.
DRAMATURGIA E PERFORMANCE POPULAR: Vargas, de Dias Gomes, e os desfiles das escolas de samba
Authors: Neves Larissa de Oliveira
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da peça Vargas (1983), de Dias Gomes e Ferreira Gullar, a partir do folguedo no qual os autores se basearam para construir a dramaturgia: os desfiles de escolas de samba. Para tanto, apresenta rapidamente a importância do teatro musicado na história do teatro brasileiro, em seguida comenta a estrutura espetacular dos desfiles, para então analisar a peça dentro dessa correspondência.
TEATRO NA ESCOLA E FORMAÇÃO DE ESPECTADORES: uma proposta de apreensão dos signos da cena
Authors: Simões Itamar Wagner Schiavo
Published: December 2019

Analiso a questão do signo no teatro tecendo relações com indústria cultural e pedagogia do espectador além de apresentar uma ação de formação de público. Utilizo como aporte teórico proposições sugeridas por Ane Ubersfeld, conduzindo a problemática da multiplicidade sígnica da encenação em direção a algumas ideias de Teodor Adorno sobre os modos de percepção do espectador impostos pela indústria cultural, dimensionando uma discussão sobre a obsolescência e a necessidade do teatro na atualidade. Contribui para o debate o estudo de Flávio Desgranges sobre a pedagogia do espectador. Por fim apresento uma ação de formação de público em escolas através do espetáculo Infância.
Poderes disseminados, fazeres transformadores: Mulheres que ressignificaram espaços
Authors: Pimentel Helen Ulhôa , Maia Cláudia
Published: December 2019

Discutimos neste artigo a atuação da filósofa Maria da Conceição Adjucto Botelho e da enfermeira e nutricionista Firmina Santana, nascidas em famílias tradicionais da cidade de Paracatu, Minas Gerais, entre o final do século XIX e o início do XX. Essas mulheres não militaram em movimentos feministas, mas se beneficiaram das oportunidades de educação e expressão abertas por eles. Buscamos contribuir para a desconstrução da pretensa submissão da mulher, utilizando as concepções foucaultianas de poder para analisar atuações femininas que endossam uma história menos linear, revelam tensões e acomodações e que apresentam outras formas de existência. Sem transgredir normas, essas mulheres ressignificaram seus espaços de atuação.
O general, a catedral e o "filósofo": reflexões acerca do papel do medievalista diante de seus novos públicos
Authors: Júnior Carlile Lanzieri
Published: December 2019

Construir explicações plausíveis e éticas acerca do passado humano tendo como base a documentação disponível. Esta é a função primordial do historiador. Todavia, ao longo da história, percebe-se que tal premissa nem sempre norteou a construção das narrativas daqueles que tomaram o passado como objeto de pesquisa. Manipulações com vistas à construção de ideologias (muitas vezes preconceituosas e violentas) foram recorrentes, sobretudo em momentos de crise econômica e consternação social. Em relação a períodos mais distantes e desconhecidos por parte do grande público, como a Idade Média, tais ações ganham ainda mais força. Com o advento e avanço das redes sociais, as possibilidades tornaram-se praticamente infinitas. Analisar algumas das formas pelas quais o passado medieval foi tomado com intenções voltadas para contextos específicos da atualidade, assim como as relações de força por trás desses usos é a proposta central deste trabalho que também destaca a necessidade do historiador compreender e dialogar com seus novos públicos a partir de novas linguagens.
Política indigenista amazônica e os meandros da justiça nas cartas de Pe. Antônio Vieira
Authors: Freitas Ludmila Gomides
Published: December 2019

A partir dos discursos políticos de Pe. Antônio Vieira, pretendemos analisar a aplicação da justiça no arbítrio sobre as guerras justas contra os índios na Amazônia portuguesa seiscentista. As fontes analisadas no artigo – cartas e pareceres de Vieira – revelam a transposição do dispositivo legal à realidade social da colônia, evidenciando os conflitos jurisdicionais e o caráter casuísta da justiça. Serão discutidos os conteúdos teológico-jurídicos sobre os quais as disposições e o discurso vieiriano se assentavam, notadamente, no pensamento de Luís de Molina, importante jesuíta português da Segunda Escolástica. Mostraremos, enfim, os modos como se dava a circulação e recepção das ideias políticas e teológicas no vasto Império português durante a Época Moderna.
Ser coadjuvante ou protagonista no cenário político: o impasse das primeiras-damas
Authors: Rodrigues Dayanny
Published: December 2019

O papel de primeira-dama na cultura política brasileira dos séculos XX e XXI se constituiu enquanto uma figura marcada pelas relações de gênero e fomentada para atuar de forma a legitimar os anseios políticos do Estado. Esse papel começou a ser delineado na passagem da década de 1930 para 1940, momento em que Darcy Vargas, por meio de sua trajetória de atuação junto à serviços assistenciais, cria e assume a presidência do primeiroórgãos governamental de assistência social do Brasil, a Legião Brasileira de Assistência –LBA. Ao ser redigida, no decorrer dos anos 2000, a frase “bela, recatada e do lar”, fazendo referência a primeira-dama do país, Marcela Temer, evidencia-se como os atributos ditos “femininos” são utilizados para encorpar a figura social da primeira-dama. Dessa forma, o trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a constituição social do papel de primeira-dama na sociedade brasileira pontuando sua relação com a discussões em torno das questões de gênero, bem como discutir se as atuações dessa figura social se apresentam enquanto protagonistas ou coadjuvantes no campo político brasileiro. O estudo foi desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da História Política dita “Renovada” e dos Estudos de Gênero”. O papel de primeira-dama figura-se entre o protagonismo e o coajduvantismo. Vale destacar que embora esse papel social tenha sido pensado e elaborado como meio de suporte às práticas dos esposos governantes, muitas primeiras-damas exerceram papel de destaque, construindo trajetória de atuação própria.
A flor da Guavira: contribuições para uma história das mulheres pantaneiras
Authors: Nichnig Claudia Regina , Leite Eudes Fernando
Published: December 2019

A partir das narrativas de algumas mulheres que vivem no pantanal sul mato-grossense contaremos uma história em que as narrativas sobre conjugalidade e família estão entrelaçadas com as experiências de vida nesse espaço geográfico específico. Através da análise de fontes orais, documentários e músicas, principalmente trazendo a trajetória da violeira Helena Meirelles, usando as lentes dos estudos de gênero e feministas, pretendemos contar uma história das mulheres pantaneiras, trazendo como foco central as temáticas que envolvem temáticas como as famílias e parentalidades, nas décadas de 1940-1980.
De histórias de vida a trajetórias partilhadas: o protagonismo das lavradoras e marisqueiras na construção da história das comunidades quilombolas da Baia do Iguape, Bahia
Authors: Zagatto Bruna Pastro
Published: December 2019

Entre 2004 e 2006, inúmeras comunidades rurais do Recôncavo Baiano passaram a se diferenciar étnico-racialmente, reivindicando a identidade coletiva de “remanescentes de quilombo”. A maioria dos processos de autorreconhecimento quilombola na região havia sido protagonizado por mulheres, que se puseram à frente da mobilização social de suas comunidades e do movimento de luta pela terra, além de se tornarem as principais interlocutoras dos agentes do Estado envolvidos com as políticas públicas específicas para quilombos. As novas lideranças comunitárias também tomaram a dianteira nas atividades de identificação territorial e regularização fundiária de um território de seis comunidades contíguas, fundamentadas numa trajetória comum de opressão vivida pelas famílias negras naquelas terras. Assim, antes de apontar os limites geográficos do território, essas mulheres participaram ativamente da construção da história de suas comunidades, tanto do passado como do presente. A partir do compartilhamento de suas experiências pessoais, marcadas pela violência, pelo racismo e pela pobreza e exclusão, construiu-se uma “colcha de retalhos” de memórias coletivas semelhantes que se levantou como a bandeira de luta por justiça social. O compartilhamento tanto de experiências morais de desrespeito como da indignação diante da afronta a valores de justiça estabelecidos funcionou como combustível para o reconhecimento étnico-racial do grupo e para a ação coletiva. Diante disso, o artigo busca, apresentar o processo de emergência das novas lideranças comunitárias na zona rural de Maragojipe, Bahia sob dois prismas. Primeiramente, registrar o protagonismo das mulheres negras, sobretudo viúvas e divorciadas, na história recente das comunidades quilombolas maragojipanas, ao trazer suas vozes e estratégias de atuação junto às suas comunidades, na luta por reparação social e reforma agrária. E segundo, apresentar suas perspectivas de gênero acerca da difícil trajetória dos quilombolas da zona rural, contribuindo parauma construção da história da mulher no campo pós-plantation.
Mellékutakra vezető boldog botorkálások értelméről
Authors: Z. Karvalics László
Published: December 2019

Recenzió Martin Burckhardt és Dirk Höfer: Minden és semmi. A digitális világpusztítás feltárulása (Budapest, Atlantisz, 2018, 104 oldal, ISBN 9789639777514) című művéről.

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On the meaning of joyous stumbling leading to side-roads

Book review on Martin Burckhardt and Dirk Hofer: All and Nothing. A Digital Apocalypse (Budapest, Atlantisz, 2018, 104 oldal, ISBN 9789639777514).
Kestävää kehitystä ja terveyttä edistävä ravitsemus- ja ruokapolitiikka
Authors: Sarlio Sirpa
Published: December 2019

Ruokavaliolla on keskeinen merkitys terveyden edistämisessä ja ilmastonmuutoksen torjunnassa. Kestävyys ja terveellisyys ovat osa kansallisia ja pohjoismaisia ravitsemussuosituksia mutta ne toteutuvat puutteellisesti. Ongelmina on nykyään esimerkiksi liiallinen energian ja punaisen lihan kulutus ja liian vähäinen kasvisten, hedelmien ja marjojen käyttö. Ravitsemus- ja ruokapolitiikassa tulisi nykyistä selvemmin huomioida ihmisen terveyden ja ruokajärjestelmän lisäksi myös ympäristö ja maapallon kantokyvyn rajat. Kestävää ja terveellistä ruokavaliota voi edistää vaikuttamalla maatalouspolitiikkaan sekä hyödyntämällä fiskaalisia keinoja, ruokapalveluja ja julkisia hankintoja, koulutusta ja informaatiota, tutkimusta ja tuotekehitystä sekä vaikuttamalla ruokaympäristöön. Ruokajärjestelmän muutos kohti kestävää ja terveellistä ruokavaliota vaatii monia erilaisia poikkihallinnollisia toimia. Mukaan tulee saada hallituksen lisäksi kunnat, joilla on vastuu monista käytännön ratkaisuista liittyen esimerkiksi ruokaympäristöön, julkisten ruokapalvelujen tarjontaan ja opetuksen järjestämiseen.
Properti Psikometrik dan Struktur Skala Kemalasan Sosial (Social Loafing) pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Agung Ivan Muhammad , Susanti Rita , Yunis Rawdhatul Fitri
Published: December 2019

Kemalasan sosial merupakan salah satu  tema yang banyak dibahas dalam konteks Psikologi kelompok. Kemalasan sosial berperan penting dalam menentukan kualitas kinerja kelompok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan struktur skala kemalasan sosial dan menguji reliabilitas. Alat ukur yang digunakan berdasarkan penelitian George, (1992) yang telah dimodifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada 210 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian dengan analisisi faktor  eksplaratori terbentuk 4 komponen, yaitu persepsi atas usaha, mengurangi usaha, membiarkan orang lain melakukan lebih dan mengandalkan orang lain.Secara umum  skala ini memiliki reliabitas yang baik secara psikometrik. Hasil dan implikasi penelitian akan dibahas dalam artikel ini.Kata kunci: kemalasan sosial, analisis faktor, mahasiswa
Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Kebijakan Pendidikan di Nagari Koto Baru Kecamatan IV Nagari Kabupaten Sijunjung
Authors: Khairiah Khairiah , Fernandes Reno
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan respon masyarakat terhadap kebijakan pendidikan di Nagari Koto Baru, Kecamatan IV Nagari, Kabupaten Sijunjung. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori tindakan sosial Max Weber yaitu tindakan individu sepanjang tindakannya itu mempunyai makna atau arti subyektif bagi dirinya dan diarahkan kepada tindakan orang lain. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan teknik pemilihan informan purposive sampling. Saat pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data dari Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat  2 macam respon dari masyarakat mengenai kebijakan pendidikan di Nagari Koto Baru yaitu, (1) setuju/ pro; (2) tidak setuju/ kontra.
Pelaksanaan Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter Nilai Al-Qur’an dan Nilai Budaya Alam Minangkabau Dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi (Studi Kasus: SMA Negeri 2 Padang dan SMA Adabiah Padang)
Authors: Eka Putri Yuni , Fernandes Reno
Published: December 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari dan mengumpulkan informasi tentang Implementasi pendidikan karakter nilai Al-Qur’an dan nilai Budaya Alam Minangkabau di kota padang khususnya SMAN 2 Padang dan SMA Adabiah Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Alasan penulis menggunakan metode tersebut adalah bahwasanya penelitian ini berusaha mendiskripsikan/ memberikan gambaran  mengenai penerapan pendidikan karakter nilai al-qur’an dan nilai BAM pada pembelarajan sosiologi. Tenik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi, dengan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi data. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori difusi inovasi dari Evverret Rogers. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pelaksanaan Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter Nilai Al-Qur’an dan Nilai Budaya Alam Minangkabau yang dikeluarkan oleh kebijakan Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Sumatera Barat belum terlaksana dengan baik. Guru masih saja kebingungan dengan pengintegrasian tersebut. Guru masih saja fokus pada materi yang diajarkan, belum kepada pengintegrasian nilai Al-Qur’an dan Nilai Budaya Alam Minangkabau pada proses pembelajaran sosiologi.
Pilihan Rasional Orang Tua Memilih Menyekolahkan Anaknya ke Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Adzkia Padang
Authors: Yunanda Dhea , Fernandes Reno , Sylvia Ike , Vidya Putra Eka
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan fenomena saat ini banyak orang tua yang memilih menyekolahkan anaknya ke sekolah keagamaan terkhusus agama islam. Oleh karena itu, perlunya mengungkapkan pilihan rasional orang tua dalam memilih sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu melihat alasan orang tua dalam memilih sekolah. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu angket. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan analisis data menggunakan korelasi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu dari sembilan indikator pilihan rasional memilih sekolah bagi orang tua. Kedelapan indikator menjadi pilihan rasional orang tua dimana R-hitung lebih besar dari R-tabel. Biaya pendidikan bukan menjadi pilihan rasional orang tua memilih sekolah.