bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life in survivors with pulmonary sequelae
Authors: Rodríguez-Galán Irene , Albaladejo-Blázquez Natalia , Ruiz-Robledillo Nicolás , Pascual-Lledó José Francisco , Ferrer-Cascales Rosario , Gil-Carbonell Juan
Published: March 2024

SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection is still under study today, mainly because of its long-term effects. This study aims to analyse health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in survivors of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) who have developed pulmonary sequelae. Prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia between February and May 2020. Reviews were conducted at 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge. HRQoL was assessed by administration of the SF-36 questionnaire and data related to medical records and physical examination were also collected. In addition, chest X-ray, computed tomography and pulmonary function test were included as additional tests. 305 patients were admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia of which 130 (42.6%) completed follow-up. The mean age of the enrolled group was 55.9 ± 15.9 years. The most prevalent persistent symptoms were dyspnea (37.3%) and asthenia (36.9%). Pulmonary sequelae were detected in 20.8% of participants. The most frequent alteration was ground ground glass opacities (GGO) (88.9%), with mild extension. Fibrotic changes were found in only 2% of cases. When comparing the two groups, at 3 and 12 months of evolution, lower scores in the vitality (VT) and mental health (MH) domains were found only in the group without sequelae. Days of hospitalisation and Charlson index acted as influential factors on HRQoL. Minimal or mild pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 do not cause further deterioration of HRQoL. Repeated medical care and pulmonary rehabilitation are effective tools to improve HRQoL.
Comparison of ultrasonography-based masticatory muscle thickness between temporomandibular disorders bruxers and temporomandibular disorders non-bruxers
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Chun Yang-Hyun , Bae Hyungkyu , Lee Jung-Woo , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: March 2024

To compare masticatory muscle thickness in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) during rest and clenching, and by body position, using ultrasonography. This prospective study included 96 patients with TMD (67 females, 29 males; mean age: 40.41 ± 17.88 years): group 1, comprising 66 patients with TMD without bruxism (TMD_nonbruxer), and group 2, comprising 30 patients with concurrent TMD and bruxism (TMD_bruxer). In patients with TMD, bruxism was correlated with the presence of tinnitus, muscle stiffness, sleep problems, psychological stress, and restricted mouth opening. The masseter muscle significantly thickened during clenching (11.16 ± 3.03 mm vs 14.04 ± 3.47 mm, p < 0.001), whereas the temporalis muscle showed no significant increase in thickness from resting to clenching in an upright position (7.91 ± 1.98 vs 8.39 ± 2.08, p = 0.103). Similarly, during clenching in the supine position, the masseter muscle was significantly thicker compared with rest (11.24 ± 2.42 vs 13.49 ± 3.09, p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in temporal muscle thickness (8.21 ± 2.16 vs 8.43 ± 1.94, p = 0.464). In comparison between two groups, the average thickness of the masseter muscle was greater among TMD_bruxers than among TMD_nonbruxers in both the upright and supine positions (all p < 0.05). In the generalized lineal model, female sex (B = − 1.018, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 1.855 to − 0.181, p = 0.017) and bruxism (B = 0.868, 95% CI 0.567 to 1.169, p = 0.048) significantly predicted changes in masseter muscle thickness. Female sex (B = − 0.201, 95% CI − 0.299 to − 0.103, p = 0.011), increased age (B = − 0.003, 95% CI − 0.005 to 0.000, p = 0.038), and muscle stiffness (B = − 1.373, 95% CI − 2.369 to − 0.376, p = 0.007) were linked to decreased temporal muscle thickness. Comparing TMD nonbruxer and bruxer muscle thicknesses in upright and supine positions revealed significant increased thickness in the masseter muscle during clenching but not in the temporalis muscle. Masseter muscle thickness varied significantly by sex, body position, and resting/clenching, notably influenced by bruxism. These findings emphasize the relevance of these factors in clinical examinations of patients with TMD.
A global meta-analysis of ecological effects from offshore marine artificial structures
Authors: Lemasson Anaëlle J. , Somerfield Paul J. , Schratzberger Michaela , Thompson Murray S. A. , Firth Louise B. , Couce Elena , McNeill C. Louise , Nunes Joana , Pascoe Christine , Watson Stephen C. L. , Knights Antony M.
Published: March 2024

Marine artificial structures (MAS), including oil and gas installations (O&G) and offshore wind farms (OWFs), have a finite operational period. Selecting the most suitable decommissioning options when reaching end-of-life remains a challenge, in part because their effects are still largely undetermined. Whether decommissioned structures could act (sensu ‘function’) as artificial reefs (ARs) and provide desired ecological benefits is of particular interest. Here we use a meta-analysis approach of 531 effect sizes from 109 articles to assess the ecological effects of MAS, comparing O&G and OWFs to shipwrecks and ARs, with a view to inform their decommissioning. This synthesis demonstrates that while MAS can bring ecological benefits, important idiosyncrasies exist, with differences emerging between MAS types, habitat types, taxa and ecological metrics. Notably, we find limited conclusive evidence that O&G and OWFs would provide significant ecological benefits if decommissioned as ARs. We conclude that decommissioning options aimed at repurposing MAS into ARs may not provide the intended benefits.
Agri-environmental policies from 1960 to 2022
Authors: Wuepper David , Wiebecke Ilsabe , Meier Lara , Vogelsanger Sarah , Bramato Selina , Fürholz Andrea , Finger Robert
Published: March 2024

For both research and practice, it is paramount to understand what, where and when agri-environmental policies have been put in place. Here we present a database of 6,124 agri-environmental policies implemented between 1960 and 2022 in about 200 countries. The database comprises a wide range of policy types (including regulations and payment schemes) and goals (such as biodiversity conservation, safer pesticide use and reducing nutrient pollution). We illustrate the application of the database by exploring the association between economic development and agri-environmental policies and between the soil-related, agri-environmental policies of countries and their border discontinuities in cropland erosion. A strong, positive link between economic development and implemented agri-environmental policies is revealed, and it is found that 43% of all global border discontinuities in soil erosion between countries can be explained by differences in their policies.
A phase IIb randomized placebo-controlled trial testing the effect of MAG-EPA long-chain omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplement on prostate cancer proliferation
Authors: Robitaille Karine , Guertin Marie-Hélène , Jamshidi Afshin , Xu Hui Wen , Hovington Hélène , Pelletier Jean-François , Beaudoin Lisanne , Gevariya Nikunj , Lacombe Louis , Tiguert Rabi , Caumartin Yves , Dujardin Thierry , Toren Paul , Lodde Michele , Racine Étienne , Trudel Dominique , Perigny Martine , Duchesne Thierry , Savard Josée , Julien Pierre , Fradet Yves , Fradet Vincent
Published: March 2024

Background

High prostate eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (EPA) levels were associated with a significant reduction of upgrading to grade group (GG) ≥ 2 prostate cancer in men under active surveillance. We aimed to evaluate the effect of MAG-EPA long-chain omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplement on prostate cancer proliferation.

Methods

A phase II double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 130 men diagnosed with GG ≥ 2 prostate cancer and undergoing radical prostatectomy between 2015–2017 (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02333435). Participants were randomized to receive 3 g daily of either MAG-EPA (n = 65) or placebo (n = 65) for 7 weeks (range 4–10) prior to radical prostatectomy. The primary outcome was the cancer proliferation index quantified by automated image analysis of tumor nuclear Ki-67 expression using standardized prostatectomy tissue microarrays. Additional planned outcomes at surgery are reported including plasma levels of 27 inflammatory cytokines and fatty acid profiles in circulating red blood cells membranes and prostate tissue.

Results

Cancer proliferation index measured by Ki-67 expression was not statistically different between the intervention (3.10%) and placebo (2.85%) groups (p = 0.64). In theper protocolanalyses, the adjusted estimated effect of MAG-EPA was greater but remained non-significant. Secondary outcome was the changes in plasma levels of 27 cytokines, of which only IL-7 was higher in MAG-EPA group compared to placebo (p = 0.026). Men randomized to MAG-EPA prior to surgery had four-fold higher EPA levels in prostate tissue compared to those on placebo.

Conclusions

This MAG-EPA intervention did not affect the primary outcome of prostate cancer proliferation according to nuclear Ki-67 expression. More studies are needed to decipher the effects of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation in men with prostate cancer.
The role of liver enzymes in the association between ozone exposure and diabetes risk: a cross-sectional study of Zhuang adults in China
Authors: Ma Xiaoyun , Wu Han , Huang Huishen , Tang Peng , Zeng Xiaoyun , Huang Dongping , Liu Shun , Qiu Xiaoqiang
Published: March 2024

The role of liver enzymes in the association between ozone exposure and diabetes risk.
Enhancement of replacement lithography by combination of photocleavable groups with ultrashort thiolates
Authors: Fischer Christian , Born Florian , Terfort Andreas
Published: March 2024

By locating the point of photo-scission close to the surface, the stability of the surface layer can be significantly reduced to permit substitution reactions after irradiation.
A polyamino acid-based phosphatidyl polymer library for in vivo mRNA delivery with spleen targeting ability
Authors: Zhao Hanqin , Ma Sheng , Qi Yibo , Gao Yuxi , Zhang Yuyan , Li Minhui , Chen Jie , Song Wantong , Chen Xuesi
Published: March 2024

A novel polyamino acid-based phosphatidyl polymer library, which combines the advantages of phospholipids in cellular uptake and polymers in stabilization, can effectively deliver mRNA to the spleen following systemic administration.
Designing 2D stripe winding network through crown-ether intermediate Ullmann coupling on Cu(111) surface
Authors: Yamada Toyo Kazu , Nemoto Ryohei , Ishii Haruki , Nishino Fumi , Chang Yu-Hsin , Wang Chi-Hsien , Krüger Peter , Horie Masaki
Published: March 2024

Surface polymerization was conducted by utilizing a two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled monolayer array of tetrabrominated crown ether precursors on Cu(111) through an intermediate Ullmann reaction, resulting in the formation of a 2D random network with winding stripes.
Inherent limitations of the hydrogen-bonding UPy motif as self-healing functionality for polymer electrolytes
Authors: Thu Mai Cuc , Gudla Harish , Hernández Guiomar , Edström Kristina , Mindemark Jonas
Published: March 2024

When combined with salts to form polymer electrolytes, self-healing UPy-functionalized polymers lose their mechanical stability due to interactions between the ions and the UPy functionalities.
Pb3.5GeS4Br3: the first phase-matching thiogermanate halide infrared nonlinear optical material
Authors: Zhou Jiazheng , Wang Hongshan , Liu Junjie , Su Xin , Chu Yu , Qu Jiale , Jiang Xiangzhan
Published: March 2024

Pb3.5GeS4Br3 is the first phase-matching thiogermanate halide infrared nonlinear optical material.
Unravelling the role of spin–vibrational coupling in designing high-performance pentagonal bipyramidal Dy(iii) single ion magnets
Authors: Dey Sourav , Sharma Tanu , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: March 2024

Detailed DFT and ab initio calculations unveil the correlation between spin–phonon vibrations and blocking temperature to provide design clues to improve single-ion magnet characteristics in the pseudo-D5h family of Dy(iii) SMMs.
Copper-catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of C–O axially chiral compounds enabled by chiral 1,8-naphthyridine based ligands
Authors: Dai Lei , Zhou Xueting , Guo Jiami , Huang Qingqin , Lu Yixin
Published: March 2024

A copper-catalyzed atroposelective construction of C–O axially chiral compounds using novel 1,8-naphthyridine-based chiral ligands was reported.
Characterization and modeling of the internal vibrations of a balanced armature receiver
Authors: Bække Birgitte S. , Agerkvist Finn T. , Lucklum Frieder , Henriquez Vicente Cutanda
Published: March 2024

The balanced armature receiver is a miniature loudspeaker used in hearing aids. When the receiver produces sound, it also exhibits structural vibrations that propagate as both sound and vibrations within the hearing aid structure. These are picked up by the microphones, resulting in feedback. For the first time, a multi-mass lumped element model, representing the mechanical vibrations of the balanced armature receiver, is presented in the literature. The model distinguishes the internal, moving components to capture how their movement propagates to the chassis structure. Component mass is assigned to model their movement, while their mechanical couplings are captured by spring-damper connections. The (ideally) static components (chassis etc.) are lumped into one mass, whose movement represents the structural vibrations that propagate to the hearing aid shell. The model captures the overall behavior of the mechanical system, which means that with physically sound parameter input, we can predict how parameter changes will impact the response. The thorough treatment of the interplay between the components provides a detailed model response that is completed by parameter properties determined through measurements and analytical methods. Validation against the measured electrical and mechanical response, shows that all main features including resonances are explained by the model.
Agronomic performance and wine phenolic composition of ‘Merlot’ grown in altitude region with different rootstocks
Authors: Allebrandt Ricardo , Wurz Douglas André , Brighenti Alberto Fontanella , Rufato Leo
Published: March 2024

Several studies have reported the influence of rootstocks on grape and wine composition, however, there is considerable variability in the results. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different rootstocks on vegetative-productive balance and the wine composition of ‘Merlot’. The present work was conducted in the municipality of Painel, during the 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 vintages. The vegetative, productive, and enological variables of ‘Merlot’ grafted onto ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘3309 Couderc’ and ‘101-14 Mgt’ rootstocks were evaluated. The ANOVA results showed that‘3309C’ rootstock promoted an increase in the productive indices, and consequently in more adequate vegetative-productive balance for ‘Merlot’ variety compared to the rootstocks ‘Paulsen 1103’ and ‘101-14 Mgt’. The rootstocks ‘3309C’ and ‘101-14 Mgt’ provided more adequate maturation indices for ‘Merlot’. The ‘101-14 Mgt’ rootstock was associated with the highest contents of flavonoid compounds, while the ‘3309C’ rootstock was related to higher contents of non-flavonoid compounds, especially resveratrol.
Perfusion Measures and Outcomes (PERForm) registry: First annual report
Authors: Fitzgerald David C. , Wu Xiaoting , Dickinson Timothy A. , Nieter Donald , Harris Erin , Curtis Shelby , Mauntel Emily , Crosby Amanda , Paone Gaetano , Goldberg Joshua B. , DeLucia Alphonse , Mandal Kaushik , Theurer Patricia F. , Ling Carol , Chores Jeffrey , Likosky Donald S.
Published: March 2024

Background: The Perfusion Measures and Outcomes (PERForm) registry was established in 2010 to advance cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) practices and outcomes. The registry is maintained through the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative and is the official registry of the American Society of Extracorporeal Technology. Methods: This first annual PERForm registry report summarizes patient characteristics as well as CPB-related practice patterns in adult (≥18 years of age) patients between 2019 and 2022 from 42 participating hospitals. Data from PERForm are probabilistically matched to institutional surgical registry data. Trends in myocardial protection, glucose, anticoagulation, temperature, anemia (hematocrit), and fluid management are summarized. Additionally, trends in equipment (hardware/disposables) utilization and employed patient safety practices are reported. Results: A total of 40,777 adult patients undergoing CPB were matched to institutional surgical registry data from 42 hospitals. Among these patients, 54.9% underwent a CABG procedure, 71.6% were male, and the median (IQR) age was 66.0 [58.0, 73.0] years. Overall, 33.1% of the CPB procedures utilized a roller pump for the arterial pump device, and a perfusion checklist was employed 99.6% of the time. The use of conventional ultrafiltration decreased over the study period (2019 vs. 2022; 27.1% vs. 24.9%) while the median (IQR) last hematocrit on CPB has remained stable [27.0 (24.0, 30.0) vs. 27.0 (24.0, 30.0)]. Pump sucker termination before protamine administration increased over the study period: (54.8% vs. 75.9%). Conclusion: Few robust clinical registries exist to collect data regarding the practice of CPB. Although data submitted to the PERForm registry demonstrate overall compliance with published perfusion evidence-based guidelines, noted opportunities to advance patient safety and outcomes remain.
An exact in time Fourier pseudospectral method with multiple conservation laws for three-dimensional Maxwell’s equations
Authors: Wang Bin , Jiang Yaolin
Published: March 2024

Maxwell’s equations describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves and are therefore fundamental to understanding many problems encountered in the study of antennas and electromagnetics. The aim of this paper is to propose and analyse an efficient fully discrete scheme for solving three-dimensional Maxwell’s equations. This is accomplished by combining Fourier pseudospectral methods in space and exact formulation in time. Fast computation is efficiently implemented in the scheme by using the matrix diagonalisation method and fast Fourier transform algorithm which are well known in scientific computations. An optimal error estimate which is not encumbered by the CFL condition is established and the resulting scheme is proved to be of spectral accuracy in space and exact in time. Furthermore, the scheme is shown to have multiple conservation laws including discrete energy, helicity, momentum, symplecticity, and divergence-free field conservations. All the theoretical results of the accuracy and conservations are numerically illustrated by two numerical tests.
From face cellulitis to periorbital necrotizing fasciitis induced by Streptococcus pyogenese: a case report
Authors: Pellat Andréanne , Zwetyenga Narcisse , Brie Alice , Gengler Charline
Published: March 2024

Groupe A Streptococcus (SGA) is one of the main bacteria involved in skin and soft tissue infections. Since September 2022, we observe a resurgence of cases of SGA infections associated with an increased mortality. Periorbital localization for necrotizing fasciitis is rare. The most common etiology is dental infection. This affection requires early treatment, associating antibiotherapy and surgery. We report here a case of dental cellulitis evolving in periorbital necrotizing fasciitis. This patient needed intensive care treatment and tracheotomy. Two surgical procedures were necessary for debridement. After the acute phase, two more surgical procedures were realized for eyelids reconstruction. The aim of this case report is alert to the possible evolution of dental cellulitis during a period of SGA's epidemic.
L’immunité entraînée
Authors: Badin Lea , Franc Celya , Gilbert Paul , Magdeleine Jean-Jacques , Martin Lisa , Vernaz Rudy , Arrighi Nicole , Garcia-Sanchez Juan A.
Published: March 2024

Les étudiants de Polytech Nice Sophia (PNS) en Génie Biologique 5A ont exploré trois projets prometteurs. L’équipe pédagogique qui les a encadrés est composée de Cercina ONESTO et Nicole ARRIGHI, enseignants-chercheurs à PNS, et du trinome Céline PISIBON, Imène KROSSA et Juan GARCIA-SANCHEZ, doctorants et post-doctorants du Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire de Nice.

Dès le début du cursus d’ingénieur, les étudiants suivent un cours d’introduction à la recherche. Plus ils avancent dans le cursus, plus ils se perfectionnent dans l’analyse de l’actualité scientifique de leur spécialité. Dans la mineure Pharmacologie et Biotechnologies, ils cernent les limites d’un traitement, puis ils réfléchissent en équipes à une nouvelle piste thérapeutique. Ainsi, ils anticipent l’innovation en santé, l’imaginent et la créent pour devenir les ingénieurs en santé de demain.
Conservative versus Surgical Approaches in the Treatment of Intracapsular Condylar Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Qi Jianghong , Deng Ying , Jiang Ling , Lu Yang , Li Wei
Published: March 2024

The diagnosis and management of intracapsular condylar fractures (ICFs) are crucial, and if left untreated, they can cause facial asymmetry, limited mouth opening, and even temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis, which may affect the physical function and mental health of patients. Various procedures have been described for the ICFs, but there is no consensus on the therapeutic methods. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of conservative and surgical management of ICFs.
2.4 On-DNA C—X (X = N, O, P, S, Se) Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Hou W. , Yang G. , Xu H.
Published: March 2024

Heteroatoms are important components of drug molecules because they can not only modulate bioactivity through hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions, but also adjust drug-like properties. In view of this, the development of new methods for DNA-compatible carbon—heteroatom bond construction has received significant attention. This chapter summarizes the latest progress in on-DNA C—X (X = N, O, P, S, Se) bond construction methods.
2.8 DNA-Encoded Isocyanide Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Willems S. , Brunschweiger A.
Published: March 2024

Isocyanide multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) provide access to a plethora of molecular architectures. Four IMCRs have been translated to a DNA-barcoding strategy involving the use of chemically stabilized DNA barcodes coupled to a controlled-pore glass solid support. These are the Ugi reaction, the Gröbke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction, the Ugi-azide reaction, and the Ugi–aza-Wittig reaction. The reactions were all performed using DNA-tagged aldehydes, and provide diverse scaffolds. The DNA used in this barcoding strategy was composed of three nucleobases: thymine, cytosine, and 7-deaza-adenine, as a more depurination-resistant congener of adenine.
Exploring role-playing as a tool for involving citizens in air pollution mitigation urban policies
Authors: Boso Àlex , Garrido Jaime , Sánchez-Galvis Luz Karime , Rodríguez Ignacio , Vallejos-Romero Arturo
Published: March 2024

The design of air pollution control policies is a complex decision-making process. Public participation can enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of environmental urban regulations but does not always occur naturally. This article presents the experience of the use of role-playing in six mid-sized cities in southern Chile to evaluate how residents affected by high concentrations of fine particulate matter perceive the problem and debate possible solutions. For this, the participants were asked to assume the role of advisors. On that premise, they had to prioritize between a series of mitigation measures and reach a consensus with other advisors. The results show the potential of role-playing games, on the one hand, to promote critical thinking and argument skills among the general public and, on the other, to help policymakers in the design of more operative and fair plans of action.
Improving the mechanical properties of Cantor-like alloys with Bayesian optimization
Authors: Torsti Valtteri , Mäkinen Tero , Bonfanti Silvia , Koivisto Juha , Alava Mikko J.
Published: March 2024

The search for better compositions in high entropy alloys is a formidable challenge in materials science. Here, we demonstrate a systematic Bayesian optimization method to enhance the mechanical properties of the paradigmatic five-element Cantor alloy in silico. This method utilizes an automated loop with an online database, a Bayesian optimization algorithm, thermodynamic modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations. Starting from the equiatomic Cantor composition, our approach optimizes the relative fractions of its constituent elements, searching for better compositions while maintaining the thermodynamic phase stability. With 24 steps, we find Fe21Cr20Mn5Co20Ni34 with a yield stress improvement of 58%, and with 72 steps, we find Fe6Cr22Mn5Co32Ni35 where the yield stress has improved by 74%. These optimized compositions correspond to Ni-rich medium entropy alloys with enhanced mechanical properties and superior face-centered-cubic phase stability compared to the traditional equiatomic Cantor alloy. The automatic approach devised here paves the way for designing high entropy alloys with tailored properties, opening avenues for numerous potential applications.
Tunable and stable micro-ring resonator based on thin-film lithium tantalate
Authors: Yu Jiayang , Ruan Ziliang , Xue Yu , Wang Haohua , Gan Ranfeng , Gao Tian , Guo Changjian , Chen Kaixuan , Ou Xin , Liu Liu
Published: March 2024

As ferroelectric materials, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate share similar material characteristics, such as a high Pockels effect and nonlinear optical coefficients. When compared to lithium niobate, lithium tantalate offers a higher optical damage threshold, a broader transparent window, and lower birefringence, making it a promising candidate for high-performance electro-optical photonic integrated devices. In this study, we design and successfully fabricate micro-ring resonators on an acoustic-grade lithium-tantalate-on-insulator wafer, demonstrating their tunability and dynamic modulation capabilities. Experimental results indicate that the achieved thin-film lithium tantalate based micro-ring resonator exhibits an intrinsic Q-factor of 8.4 × 105, corresponding to a waveguide propagation loss of 0.47 dB/cm and a tuning efficiency of 1.94 pm/V. More importantly, as compared to those based on thin-film lithium niobate, a much weaker photorefractive effect and drift phenomenon around the 1550 nm wavelength under a direct-current drive are observed in the present fabricated thin-film lithium tantalate micro-rings with a silicon oxide over-cladding and a tuning electrode on top.
Exceptional points unveiling quantum limit of fluorescence rates in non-Hermitian plexcitonic single-photon sources
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Liu Jingfeng , Zhu Juanfeng , Gromyko Dmitrii , Qiu Chengwei , Wu Lin
Published: March 2024

Single-photon sources based on plexcitonic systems are notable for their fast fluorescence rates, typically >100 GHz. Our investigations reveal that exceptional points (EPs) may unveil the quantum limit of fluorescence rates in plexcitonic single-photon sources. By employing a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian framework and field quantization model, we demonstrate how the fluorescence rate can be ingeniously designed in an exemplified plexcitonic system consisting of a nanocube-on-mirror cavity and a single quantum emitter. We predict the highest fluorescence rates of 11.0, 13.9, and 14.7 THz at the EPs with typical dipole moments of 25, 30, and 35 D, respectively.
A decision framework of offshore photovoltaic power station site selection based on Pythagorean fuzzy ELECTRE-III method
Authors: Mao Qinghua , Fan Jiacheng , Lv Jian , Gao Yaqing , Chen Jinjin , Guo Mengxin
Published: March 2024

Offshore photovoltaic power stations (OPVPS) greatly help solve energy problems and land resource scarcity. A crucial phase of the OPVPS project lifecycle is site selection. To select the optimal location of OPVPS with many difficulties such as the uncertainty of the environment, the compensating relationships among criteria, and the different attributes of the alternatives, this paper proposed a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making framework based on Pythagorean fuzzy Elimination et Choix Traduisant la Realité-III (ELECTRE-III) method. First, the comprehensive criteria system for siting OPVPS was constructed, which included veto and evaluation criteria. Second, the Pythagorean fuzzy set was used to express the uncertain evaluation of experts. Third, considering the actual situation that experts had different experiences and abilities, this paper proposed a novel expert weighting method. Fourth, entropy weighting method, best–worst method, and combination weighting of game theory were introduced to calculate the criteria weights. Fifth, considering the compensation between criteria, ELECTRE-III was used for ranking. Finally, to verify the applicability and robustness of the proposed framework, a China case study was conducted; the results showed that Haizhou Bay is the best alternative.
Memory-induced weak dissipation in fractional-time-derivative quantum Lindblad-based model
Authors: Kee Chun Yun , Ang L. K.
Published: March 2024

Modeling the interaction between a quantum system and its environment is crucial for practical quantum technologies. The Lindblad master equation is the simplest equation to understand this interaction. In this paper, we have extended the traditional Lindblad equation by fractionalizing its time derivative to account for the memory-induced dissipation. Using this approach, we show weak dissipation of selected quantum systems can be reproduced by this proposed time-fractional Lindblad equation without introducing any specific dissipation terms in the model. By varying the order of the time-fractional Lindblad equation without dissipation terms, we can reproduce the results with good agreements to three tested cases: (a) dissipative Rabi oscillation, (b) dissipative Ising model, and (c) collapse and revival in the Jaynes–Cumming model. We believe this proposed time-fractional Lindblad equation may be a useful modeling tool to characterize weakly dissipative quantum systems in practical quantum technologies, especially if the complex dissipation mechanism is not completely known from the traditional approaches.
Finite element analysis of the package structure of HgCdTe infrared focal plane array detector
Authors: Su Wenxian , Zhang Chenyang , Mo Defeng , Xu Hongyan
Published: March 2024

Reliable material parameters, correct boundary condition settings, and a reasonably simplified numerical model are key to obtain reliable and reasonable analysis results. A new finite element analysis model for the HgCdTe infrared focal plane array detector is presented, which includes the core column. The thermal stress and strain of the new model and current model are analyzed, and their distribution laws are obtained. The results are compared, and the reasons are analyzed, which can provide some references for the simulation of infrared detector package structure.
A light Darwin implementation of Maxwell’s equations to quantify resistive, inductive, and capacitive couplings in windings
Authors: Pourkeivannour S. , van Zwieten J. S. B. , Iwai K. , Curti M.
Published: March 2024

High operating frequency is an enabler of high key performance indicators, such as increased power density, in electrical machines. The latter enhances the cross-coupling of resistive–inductive–capacitive phenomena in windings, which may lead to significant loss in performance and reliability. The full-wave Maxwell’s equations can be employed to characterize this coupling. To address the frequency instability that arises as a result, a simplification known as the Darwin formulation can be employed, where the wave propagation effects are neglected. Still, this modification is prone to ill-conditioned systems that necessitate intricate pre-conditioning and gauging steps. To overcome these limitations, a fast 2D formulation is derived, which preserves the current continuity conservation along the model depth. This implementation is validated experimentally on a laboratory-scale medium-frequency transformer. The computed impedances for the open- and short-circuit modes of the transformer are validated using measurements and compared with the multi-conductor transmission line model that is widely adopted for the analysis mentioned above. The developed formulation demonstrates a high accuracy and outstanding frequency stability in a wide frequency range, becoming an efficient and computationally light method to investigate the interconnected resistive, inductive, and capacitive effects in windings.
Investigation into improved characteristics of nanocomposites of kenaf and basalt fibers strengthened with titanium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Albaijan Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

This study explores the thermal and mechanical properties of a composite material formed by blending kenaf and basalt fibers with titanium oxide nanoparticles. To assess its performance under various conditions, we conducted thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and hardness, sorptivity, and water absorption tests. During experimentation, composite samples were created using kenaf and basalt fibers as the reinforcing matrix and TiO2 nanoparticles as the modifier. Initial findings suggest that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles enhances the mechanical properties and water resistance of the kenaf and basalt fiber composite. Samples reinforced with TiO2 demonstrated superior hardness and lower water absorption, i.e., KBT2 exhibited a hardness of 92 Hv and a water absorption rate of 6.4%. The value of 0.1% for KBT2 from the sorptivity investigation was promising, indicating its potential applicability in moisture-sensitive environments. In addition, TGA results show that KBT2 exhibited 0%, 2.1%, 4.7%, and 8.3% weight loss, showing improved thermal stability and high resilience to higher temperatures. In conclusion, the development of a novel material combining kenaf and basalt fibers reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles presents a promising eco-friendly, durable, and lightweight option for engineering applications. Realizing the full potential of this composite material necessitates further characterization and optimization research.
Australian Fire Danger Rating System Research Prototype: a climatology†
Authors: Sauvage S. , Fox-Hughes P. , Matthews S. , Kenny B. J. , Hollis J. J. , Grootemaat S. , Runcie J. W. , Holmes A. , Harris R. M. B. , Love P. T. , Williamson G.
Published: March 2024

Background Historical records of fire weather phenomena provide valuable insights into spatial and temporal trends which can inform further research and are important tools for planning. Aims We outline a 19-year climatology of a Research Prototype (AFDRSRP), of the new Australian Fire Danger Rating System, documenting its spatial and temporal characteristics. Methods The analysis utilises the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s high-resolution reanalysis suite (BARRA), together with fuel data provided by Australian fire agencies. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of the AFDRSRP. Distributions are categorised by fuel type, analysing relative variability across time and space. Key results The results validate the broad behaviour of the new system and provide insight into the variation of fire danger throughout Australia, adding detail to the understanding of timing of peak fire danger both diurnally and annually. Conclusions While the AFDRSRP differs from the operational system in its fire danger rating categories and tuning of algorithms, it nonetheless provides useful insights into the operational implementation. Implications These results will be essential for planning during fire seasons.
Engineering Mn3Ga/GaAs interfaces: a first-principles study on energetic stability and magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Wang Xiaoche , Yang Kesong
Published: March 2024

Mn3Ga-based ferrimagnets have emerged as a promising platform for energy-efficient spintronics. However, the challenge of identifying an appropriate substrate with minimal lattice misfit for the growth of high-quality Mn3Ga films while achieving the desired interfacial magnetic properties persists. Here we investigate the interfacial energetic stability and magnetic anisotropy at the Mn3Ga/GaAs interface through first-principles electronic structure calculations. Four types of interface models based on different configurations, including MnMn/As, MnMn/Ga, MnGa/As, and MnGa/Ga, are systematically examined. Our findings reveal that the MnGa/Ga interface exhibits the largest perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) but is energetically the least favorable. Conversely, the MnMn/As interface is energetically the most favorable but demonstrates a lower interfacial PMA. Our calculations align well with the experimentally observed formation of the secondary phase Mn2As. This study deepens our understanding of the interfacial properties in Mn3Ga/GaAs and offers some insights for their optimization through strategic interfacial engineering.
Long range piezoelectricity effects in van der Waals heterobilayer systems beyond 1000 atoms
Authors: Hsiao Han-Wei , Narendra Namita , Kubis Tillmann
Published: March 2024

Twist angle is a relevant design and control component for the piezoelectric coefficients of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. This theoretical work assesses in high detail the impact of the twist angle on the piezoelectricity of two-dimensional (2D) heterobilayer systems. We expand the density-functional based tight-binding method to predict the piezoelectric coefficients of twisted and corrugated 2D heterobilayer structures with more than 1000 atoms. We showcase the method on hexagonal III–V/transition metal dichalcogenide vdW heterosystems. Our calculations yield a periodic relationship between the in-plane piezoelectric coefficients and the corresponding twist angles, indicating the tunability of the in-plane piezoelectricity. In contrast, the out-of-plane piezoelectricity is not twist angle dependent, but nonlinearly changes with the average interlayer distance.
Predicting ion cyclotron emission from neutral beam heated plasmas in Wendelstein7-X stellarator
Authors: Samant O. , Dendy R.O. , Chapman S.C. , Moseev D. , Ochoukov R.
Published: March 2024

Measurements of ion cyclotron emission (ICE) are planned for magnetically confined fusion plasmas heated by neutral beam injection (NBI) in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X). Freshly injected NBI ions in the edge region, whose velocity-space distribution function approximates a delta-function, are potentially unstable against the magnetoacoustic cyclotron instability (MCI), which could drive a detectable ICE signal. Prediction of ICE from NBI protons in W7-X hydrogen plasmas is challenging, owing to the low ratio of the ions’ perpendicular velocity to the local Alfvén speed,

v

⊥
(
NBI
)

/

V
A

≃
0.14

. We address this from first principles, using the particle-in-cell kinetic code EPOCH. This self-consistently solves the Lorentz force equation and Maxwell’s equations for tens of millions of computational ions (both thermal majority and energetic NBI minority) and electrons, fully resolving gyromotion and hence capturing the cyclotron resonant phenomenology which gives rise to ICE. Our simulations predict an ICE signal which is predominantly electrostatic while incorporating a significant electromagnetic component. Its frequency power spectrum reflects novel MCI physics, reported here for the first time. The NBI ions relaxing under the MCI first drive broadband field energy at frequencies a little below the lower hybrid frequency

ω
LH

,

across the wavenumber range

k

ω

c

/

V
A

=
40

–60, where ω

c
and VA
denote ion cyclotron frequency and Alfvén velocity. Nonlinear coupling between these waves then excites spectrally structured ICE with narrow peaks, at much lower frequencies, typically the proton cyclotron frequency and its lower harmonics. The relative strength of these peaks depends on the specifics of the NBI ion velocity-space distribution and of the local plasma conditions, implying diagnostic potential for the predicted ICE signal from W7-X.
Synergistic effects of calcium silicate/zinc silicate dual compounds and in-situ interconnected pores on promoting bone regeneration of composite scaffolds
Authors: Qian Guowen , Wu Tingting , Wang Zhaozhen , Yu Bo , Ye Jiandong
Published: March 2024

Rapid bone regeneration in implants is important for successful transplantation. In this regard, we report the development of calcium silicate/zinc silicate (CS/ZS) dual-compound-incorporated calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds with a three-dimensional poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) network that synergistically promote bone regeneration. In vitro results demonstrated that the incorporation of CS/ZS dual compounds into the CPC significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells compared to the addition of CS or ZS alone. Moreover, the bone-regeneration efficacy of the composite scaffolds was validated by filling in femur condyle defects in rabbits, which showed that the scaffolds with CS and ZS possessed a great bone repair effect, as evidenced by more new bone formation and a faster scaffold biodegradation compared to the scaffold with CS alone.
The Jones polynomial in systems with periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Barkataki Kasturi , Panagiotou Eleni
Published: March 2024

Entanglement of collections of filaments arises in many contexts, such as in polymer melts, textiles and crystals. Such systems are modeled using periodic boundary conditions (PBCs), which create an infinite periodic system whose global entanglement may be impossible to capture and is repetitive. We introduce two new methods to assess topological entanglement in PBC: the Periodic Jones polynomial and the Cell Jones polynomial. These tools capture the grain of geometric/topological entanglement in a periodic system of open or closed chains, by using a finite link as a representative of the global system. These polynomials are topological invariants in some cases, but in general are sensitive to both the topology and the geometry of physical systems. For a general system of 1 closed chain in 1 PBC, we prove that the Periodic Jones polynomial is a recurring factor, up to a remainder, of the Jones polynomial of a conveniently chosen finite cutoff of arbitrary size of the infinite periodic system. We apply the Cell Jones polynomial and the Periodic Jones polynomial to physical PBC systems such as 3D realizations of textile motifs and polymer melts of linear chains obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that the Cell Jones polynomial and the Periodic Jones polynomial can measure collective geometric/topological entanglement complexityin such systems of physical relevance.
Comparison of infiltration model performance based on basic infiltration rate for small watersheds in Papua region, Indonesia
Authors: Pristianto H , Suhardjono  , Suhartanto E
Published: March 2024

Research on soil water infiltration in equatorial climates like Indonesia is limited. Despite Papua accounting for 29% of Indonesia’s surface water, there’s a shortage of hydrological data. This study aimed to identify the best infiltration model tailored to the characteristics of basic infiltration rates in Papua’s small watersheds. Observations were made at 95 points across 11 small watersheds in Papua. Based on equatorial basic infiltration rate theories, analysis classified infiltration values against observation time. The performance of four infiltration models — Horton, Philip, Kostiakov, and Green Ampt — were compared. The results indicated the Philip model as superior, with average scores of 0.901 (R), 0.814 (NSE), and 0.424 (RSR), followed by the Horton and Green Ampt models. These three models showed excellent performance. However, the Kostiakov model was found lacking and needs modification. Further research on rapid and very rapid classifications is vital for enhancing infiltration rate predictions in small equatorial watersheds.
Time of concentration estimated of overland flow
Authors: Pramana Y H , Harisuseno D
Published: March 2024

Time of concentration (Tc) is a crucial aspect in the hydrological model, especially for determining flood discharge. Time concentration is the amount of time required for water to go from a watershed’s farthest point to its outflow. Although it is an important value, however, Tc does not have a universal equation that can be used as a reference. Based on the literature review, there are several concentration time calculation methods. Each method has its parameters and approach to produce varied values. Several experimental methods were applied to calculate concentration time at sites, among others are Kirpich, SCS Lag, and FAA. The calculation results are displayed in a dendrogram with group division by using the Euclidean approach. The calculation results show that the difference in Tc values can reach up to 500%, hence Grimaldi calls it a paradox in modern hydrology.
The analysis of degradation and aggradation of the riverbed: A case study of the Winongo River
Authors: Harsanto P , Hairani A , Yamanoi K , Ferdinanto G , Wisnulingga B K , Legono D
Published: March 2024

The Winongo River, with a soil base, makes it possible to experience sedimentation events. In rivers with groundsill for retaining sediment rate, the flow can occur, grinding sediment (degradation) or aggradation on the riverbed. This study was conducted in Winongo River to see the effect of groundsill on riverbed degradation and aggradation levels. This research was carried out using the MPM, Engelund & Hansen, and Laursen-Copeland equations in HEC-RAS 6.3.1 by dividing Winongo River into 71 points with a spacing of ± 500 m, including nine with groundsills. Based on the effect of the groundsill on the riverbed, the cross sections at its upstream and downstream tend to experience quite different riverbed elevation changes. Conditions in the upstream groundsill tend to experience aggradation while the downstream experiences degradation. The three equations modelling results show that MPM and Engelund & Hansen equations are closer to field conditions than the Laursen-Copeland equation. The use of D50 sediment to model changes in riverbed elevation is more likely to experience degradation because the average grain size of D50 in this study sample was 0.82 mm.
Evaluation of Kuncur water springs water quality in Sumberbening Village Ngawi Regency
Authors: Dewi V A K , Yulistyorini A , Siswahyudi D , Mujiyono  , Rahayuningsih T
Published: March 2024

Residents’ wells drying up during the dry season cause drought in Ngawi Regency. Kuncur water springs are one of the water sources that continuously drains water every time, but the water has a salty taste and is suspected to contain sulfur. This research aims to analyze the quality of Kuncur water springs and recommend using water according to the community’s needs. The research occurred at Kuncur water springs, Sumberbening village, Bringin sub-district, Ngawi regency, East Java, from April to September 2022. The method used is the analysis of water quality samples in the field and laboratory. The results showed that all parameters met quality standards (Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010) except for the total dissolved solids, coliform, and E. Coli. Kuncur Spring is proven to contain sulfur. The recommendations for water use at the Kuncur water spring restrict its use to bathing and washing activities and prohibit its use as a drinking water source.