bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
اثر تقلبات اسعار النفط على الموازنة العامة فی العراق للمدة (1990 – 2018) : دراسة تحلیلیة – قیاسیة
Authors: فرج ماردين محسوم
Published: April 2020

يشكل قطاع النفط عصب الحياة للاقتصاد الوطني في العراق، والمصدر الأساسي لتوليد الدخل القومي من جهة، والمصدر الذي لا بديل له في توفير العملات الأجنبية الضرورية لتمويل عمليات الاستيراد من جهة أخرى؛ وذلك بسبب ضخامة العوائد النفطية وسهولة تحقيقها التي لا تتطلب نشاطًا اقتصاديًّا حقيقيًّا. وعليه، يهدف هذا البحث الى بيان قياس تقلبات أسعار النفط على الموازنة العامة في العراق. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اعتمد البحث على المنهج (القياسي - التحليلي) من خلال جمع البيانات الثانوية من المصادر المختلفة للمدة (1990-2018). و اخيرا،توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها أنه تسهم الإيرادات النفطية في تكوين نسبة كبيرة من الإيرادات الحكومية، ان العراق كانت ولايزال تعتمد على العوائد المالية النفطية لتمويل الانفاق العام و عملية التنمية الاقتصادية. ان هناك علاقة طردية وإيجابية بين أسعار العالمية للنفط ورصيد الموازنة العامة،أي ان زيادة في أسعار العالمية للنفط ينعكس بصورة مباشرة على الموزانة العامة.كما ان الصادرات النفطية يؤثر ايجابياً على رصيد الموازنة العامة في العراق وهذه النتيجة يتفق مع واقع الاقتصاد العراقي من حيث اعتماده على الصادرات النفطية وعوائدها لتمويل الموازنة العامة. و بناء على ذلك فانه ضرورة العمل على تنويع مصادر الإيرادات العامة وترشيد النفقات العامة وذلك من خلال زيادة حصلة الإيرادات الضريبية وزيادة الانفاق الاستثماري.
Against the dehumanisation of decision-making. Algorithmic decisions at the crossroads of intellectual property, data protection, and freedom of information
Authors: Noto La Diega Guido
Published: April 2020

This work presents ten arguments against algorithmic decision-making. These re-volve around the concepts of ubiquitous discretionary interpretation, holistic intu-ition, algorithmic bias, the three black boxes, psychology of conformity, power of sanctions, civilising force of hypocrisy, pluralism, empathy, and technocracy. Nowadays algorithms can decide if one can get a loan, is allowed to cross a bor-der, or must go to prison. Artificial intelligence techniques (natural language pro-cessing and machine learning in the first place) enable private and public deci-sion-makers to analyse big data in order to build profiles, which are used to make decisions in an automated way. The lack of transparency of the algorithmic deci-sion-making process does not stem merely from the characteristics of the relevant techniques used, which can make it impossible to access the rationale of the deci-sion. It depends also on the abuse of and overlap between intellectual property rights (the “legal black box”). In the US, nearly half a million patented inventions concern algorithms; more than 67% of the algorithm-related patents were issued over the last ten years and the trend is increasing. To counter the increased mo-nopolisation of algorithms by means of intellectual property rights (with trade se-crets leading the way), this paper presents three legal routes that enable citizens to ‘open’ the algorithms. First, copyright and patent exceptions, as well as trade se-crets are discussed. Second, the EU General Data Protection Regulation is critical-ly assessed. In principle, data controllers are not allowed to use algorithms to take decisions that have legal effects on the data subject’s life or similarly significantly affect them. However, when they are allowed to do so, the data subject still has the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view, as well as to contest the decision. Additionally, the data controller shall provide meaningful in-formation about the logic involved in the algorithmic decision. Third, this paper critically analyses the first known case of a court using the access right under the freedom of information regime to grant an injunction to release the source code of the computer program that implements an algorithm. Only an integrated ap-proach – which takes into account intellectual property, data protection, and free-dom of information – may provide the citizen affected by an algorithmic decision of an effective remedy as required by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU and the European Convention on Human Rights.
Moral decision-making and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Romero-Rivas Carlos , Rodríguez-Cuadrado Sara
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic entails challenging psychological conditions for the population, requiring them to make many decisions under stress. In this study, 641 participants were presented with different moral decision-making tasks, and completed a survey on mental health status and experiences, concerns, behaviors and beliefs related to the COVID-19. Results showed that the pandemic is placing a great psychological burden on the population. Also, that decision-making processes are being affected during the crisis, in a dichotomous way. Altruistic behaviors are promoted when people are suffering with high levels of psychological impact, and when they are concerned about others contracting the disease. However, egoistic behaviors are facilitated when concerns affect the self. Similarly, psychological impact, concerns about the self, and worsened physical health predict more automatic responses to framing problems and moral dilemmas. Nevertheless, when concerns relate to the others, or when people are more informed and/or carefree, more controlled responses emerge.
Friendship jealousy: One tool for maintaining friendships in the face of third-party threats?
Authors: Krems Jaimie , Williams Keelah , Kenrick Douglas , Aktipis Athena
Published: April 2020

Friendships can foster happiness, health, and reproductive fitness. But friendships end—even when we might not want them to. A primary reason for this is interference from third parties. Yet little work has explored how people meet the challenge of maintaining friendships in the face of real or perceived threats from third parties, as when our friends inevitably make new friends or form new romantic relationships. In contrast to earlier conceptualizations from developmental research, which viewed friendship jealousy as solely maladaptive, we propose that friendship jealousy is one overlooked tool of friendship maintenance. We derive and test—via a series of 11 studies (N = 2918) using hypothetical scenarios, recalled real-world events, and manipulation of on-line emotional experiences—whether friendship jealousy possesses the features of a tool well-designed to help us retain friends in the face of third-party threats. Consistent with our proposition, findings suggest that friendship jealousy is (1) uniquely evoked by third-party threats to friendships (but not the prospective loss of the friendship alone), (2) sensitive to the value of the threatened friendship, (3) strongly calibrated to cues that one is being replaced, even over more intuitive cues (e.g., the amount of time a friend and interloper spend together), and (4) ultimately motivates behavior aimed at countering third-party threats to friendship (“friend guarding”). Even as friendship jealousy may be negative to experience, it may include features designed for beneficial—and arguably prosocial—ends: to help maintain friendships.
Social Connectedness in Europe
Authors: Bailey Michael , Kuchler Theresa , Russel Dominic , State Bogdan , Stroebel Johannes
Published: April 2020

We use aggregated data from Facebook to study the structure of social networks across European regions. Social connectedness declines strongly in geographic distance and at country borders. Historical borders and unions — such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and East/West Germany — shape present-day social connectedness over and above today’s political boundaries. All else equal, social connectedness is stronger between regions with residents of similar ages and education levels, as well as between those that share a language and religion. In contrast, region-pairs with dissimilar incomes tend to be more connected, likely due to increased migration from poorer to richer regions. We find more socially connected region-pairs to have more passenger train trips between them, even after controlling for distance and travel time. We also find that regions with a higher share of connections to other countries have higher rates of trust in the E.U. and lower rates of votingfor anti-E.U. political parties.
The Effects of Parenting on Children’s Noncognitive Skills in Adolescence: Evidence from a Sample of Twins in Germany
Authors: Grätz Michael , Lang Volker , Diewald Martin
Published: April 2020

Many theories in the social sciences assume that parenting affects child development. Previous research mostly supports the notion that parenting affects the skill development of children in early childhood. There are, however, no studies testing whether parenting in early adolescence has such a causal influence. We estimate the causal effects of parenting on early adolescents’ noncognitive skills using data from the German Twin Family Panel (TwinLife). Specifically, we look at the effects of parenting styles, parental activities, and extracurricular activities on the academic self-concept, motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control of 10 to 14 years old children. To control for unobserved heterogeneity and reverse causality, we employ twin fixed-effects models combined with longitudinal information. In addition, based on separate analyses for dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins, we test whether genetic variation moderates the effects of parenting. Our findings provide no support to the notion that parenting styles, parental activities, and extracurricular activities in early adolescence affect the development of children’s noncognitive skills. We conclude that our results, in combination with the majority of evidence from previous research, are in line with a model according to which parenting has larger effects on the skill development of children in early childhood than in early adolescence.
Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall - Do East and West Germans still differ in their attitudes towards women’s employment and the division of housework?
Authors: Zoch Gundula
Published: April 2020

Previous cross-sectional studies show less traditional gender ideologies among East Germans after German reunification and even suggest slightly increasing East-West disparities. These findings challenge the assumptions of stable ideologies over the life-course as well as cohort replacement-based convergence over time. This study expands on previous research by analysing differences and trends in gender ideologies in the context of East and West Germany using data from the German Family Panel pairfam (2008-2018). It distinguishes between three cohorts born in the early 1970s, 1980s and 1990s who have different socialisation experiences before and after reunification. The results show smaller East-West differences in gender ideologies for the youngest cohort compared with larger gaps for the two older cohorts born before reunification. Convergence of ideologies is partly due to modernisation trends in West Germany and re-traditionalisation effects in East Germany across cohorts, but also due to attitudinal changes with age. Attitudes towards housework and female employment have particularly converged, while views on maternal employment and the consequences for children’s well-being continue to differ between East and West Germany. The findings underline the importance of persistent, long-lasting ideology differences due to the regime‐specific socialisation and composition resulting from the division of Germany, but also emphasizes the role of ideology change across cohorts and over the life-course for the overall converging trends in gender ideologies.
Implementasi kebijakan sistem peringatan dini tsunami di Provinsi Bali
Authors: Sanjaya Sang Putu Adi , Budiana I Nyoman
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan tentang tugas, peran serta prosedur standar pengambilan keputusan lembaga Pusat Pengendalian Operasi Penanggulangan Bencana (Pusdalops PB) di dalam implementasi kebijakan Sistem Peringatan Dini Tsunami (InaTEWS) di Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan induktif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan uji kredibilitas dan teknik analisis data mengunakan model interaktif yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, dan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Pusdalops PB mempunyai tugas dalam menganalisa informasi dan diseminasi informasi. Mempunyai wewenang mengaktivasi sirine InaTEWS, memberikan arahan evakuasi, mengarahkan seluruh potensi lembaga dan masyarakat, serta mengatur dan mengawasi implementasi kebijakan. Prosedur pengambilan keputusan arahan evakuasi yang disebarkan kepada masyarakat adalah berdasarkan informasi dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG). Keputusan yang diambil tersebut, kemudian harus diteruskan kepada Gubernur dan atau Musyawarah Pimpinan Daerah Bali.This study aims to find out and explain the tasks, roles and standard procedures of the Pusat Pengendalian Operasi Penanggulangan Bencana (Pusdalops PB) decision-making agency in implementing the Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS) in Bali. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods and inductive approaches to data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity checking techniques use the credibility test and data analysis techniques using an interactive model that is data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions/verification. The results showed that Pusdalops PB has the task of analyzing information and information dissemination. Has the authority to activate InaTEWS sirens, provide evacuation directions, direct all institutional and community potentials, and manage and oversee policy implementation. The decision-making procedure for evacuation directives distributed to the public is based on information from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. The decision taken must then be forwarded to the Governor and or the Bali Regional Leadership Conference.
МАКРОКОНФЛИКТЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОСТИ В ПОЛИТИКЕ: ВЫЗОВЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Тимофеева Л. Н.
Published: April 2020

The article reveals the concept of sociality as the need for a person to meet his civil rights and needs for a decent existence and social security. The realization of these existential needs today is faced with the problems of the dysfunctionality of modern democracy and the crisis of the social state, which causes conflicts around the world. Macro-conflicts of sociality arise. Among the reasons mentioned are the following: capital has ceased to serve production, creating new jobs, and engaged in a profitable business-speculation that gives it profit, while democracy has ceased to be the lot of the majority, it serves the few, while maintaining an advantage for the political and corporate business elite. Multinational companies that have an income, sometimes more than the budgets of several States, move their production to different parts of the world at their discretion, in search of greater profits. Thousands of workers are forced to move after it, without receiving social protection or civil rights. In addition, the digital revolution is in full swing. Scientists are talking about the Third industrial revolution, which led to information and communication technologies. The first was called first agrarian in the Neolithic period and was associated with the technization of land cultivation by man, which then passed into the industrial revolution of the XVIII–XIX centuries. The second industrial revolution took place in the second half of the XIX — early XX centuries. Today we are on the threshold of The third digital industrial revolution. Technological processes are being modernized, production automation is underway, and new high-tech equipment is being introduced, freeing up a lot of people employed in production. The classic working class is being transformed. New social layers are emerging. Among them: the precariat, informality, cognitariat with their problems of social vulnerability. They have a desire to create their own project for the reconstruction of the world in accordance with their understanding of social justice.
Potenzialanalyse komplexer Technologien mit Technologienetzen
Authors: Trapp Stefan , Warschat Joachim
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Existierende Modelle zur Bewertung der Potenziale neuer Technologien werden der Komplexität von Technologien und der von Technologieunternehmen geforderten Applikationsorientierung der Technologieplanung nicht ausreichend gerecht. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass Technologienetze mit quantitativ modellierten Beziehungen von Zweck- und Technologieattributen ergänzend zur bewährten hierarchischen Funktionenanalyse ein adäquates Instrument zur zukunftsorientierten Analyse und Bewertung der vielfältigen Entwicklungsoptionen komplexer Technologien sind.
Der Hochleistungswertstrom
Authors: Metternich Joachim , Schaede Carsten
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Ziel eines Hochleistungswertstroms ist es, die hohe Produktindividualität des Engineer-to-Order-Konzepts mit der Leistungsfähigkeit der Mass Customization zu verbinden. Durch den Einsatz webbasierter Technologien wird der Kunde befähigt, ein individuelles Produkt im Produktlösungsraum des Anbieters zu definieren. Der Produktlösungsraum ist dabei auf Merkmale beschränkt, die im Fähigkeitsraum des Produktionsprozesses liegen. Die Kombination dieser kundenintegrierten Produktdefinition mit einer automatisierten Produktionsvorbereitung ermöglicht trotz hoher Produktindividualität kürzeste Lieferzeiten sowie niedrige Kosten.
Echtzeitdaten für das Wertstrommanagement
Authors: Frick Nicholas , Urnauer Christian , Metternich Joachim
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Um in der Dynamik heutiger Produktionssysteme angemessene Entscheidungen treffen zu können, sind aktuelle Informationen zum Status eines Wertstroms notwendig. Die Vielzahl der zur Verfügung stehenden Daten bietet Unternehmen im Rahmen des Wertstrommanagements die Möglichkeit, notwendige Veränderungen des Produktionssystems bezüglich einer flussorientierten Gestaltung des Wertstroms gezielt zu priorisieren und umzusetzen. Die Grundlage hierfür bildet die Entwicklung eines digitalen Schattens als echtzeitfähiges, virtuelles Abbild der Produktion.
Effizienzsteigerung im After-Sales-Service
Authors: von Wiedersperg Carl-André Freiherr , Gullmann Patrick
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Der After-Sales-Service bietet für produzierende Industrieunternehmen in Zeiten von stagnierendem Wachstum ein hohes Kundenbindungs-, Differenzierungs- und Ertragspotenzial. Die Ausschöpfungsrate von Ertrag zu Aufwand lässt sich durch einen proaktiven Umgang mit der Digitalisierung steigern. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Anwendung von digitalen Methoden und neuen Technologien zur Effizienzsteigerung in der Leistungserbringung im After-Sales-Service und basiert auf einer Befragung von über 210 produzierenden Unternehmen.
Long Term Survival of a Patient with Metastatic Rectal Cancer Treated with Oral Regorafenib - A Case Report
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Chi , Chen Ming-jen , Hsu Tzu-Chi , Sun Wen-chun
Published: April 2020

A 56-years-old female had a history of radical proctectomy for carcinoma of rectum on 2003/4/29.
Pathology report was Dukes’ C adenocarcinoma with 12 of 24 lymph node showing metastasis. She
was managed to have six months of adjuvant chemotherapy of 5- fluorouracil with leucovorin.
Computed Tomography (CT) scan on 2013/4/16 was reported as having recurrent tumor in left
presacral region with. associated left hydronephrosis and hydroureter. 5400 cGy of radiotherapy was
given. CT scan on 2013/8/14 was reported as decreased size of recurrent tumor in left presacral region
as compared to last CT with persistent left hydronephrosis and hydroureter due to tumor invasion of
middle left ureter. She was then arranged to have chemotherapy of capecitabine, irinotecan oxaliplatin,
uracil-futrafur with bevacizumab and Ziv-Aflibercept. Above knee amputation of left leg was
performed on 2016/3/29 following poor result of fasciectomy for necrotizing fasciitis. CT scan on
2016/6/6 was reported as interval stable of presacral and left pelvic wall soft tissue mass with
calcification, associated left hydronephrosis and hydroureter. 160 mg per day of regorafenib was started
from 2016/7/14. She was taking regorafenib regularly in the past three years and 6 months with stable
disease. Her last CT scan on 2019/12/27 was reported as stationary appearance of the calcified soft
tissue lesion in left presacral region with ipsilateral hydronephroureter and obliteration ipsilateral
common iliac vein with prominent venous collaterals in anterior wall of pelvis and with mild left thigh
edematous change.
Rectal Cancer: Asynchronous Metastasis to the Temporal Bone, Temporomandibular Joint and Middle Ear
Authors: Mahmood Ali , Mahmood Aiva , Mahmood Ali , Manji Nasrullah
Published: April 2020

Rectal cancer has the potential to metastasize to multiple anatomical sites. The hallmark of treatment
presides with sound oncologic surgery, adjunct with chemotherapy and radiation therapy when indicated.
The initial presentation determines the management regimen, consisting of physical examination and
diagnostic imaging. A 54-year-old female presented with locally advanced rectal cancer. Upon conclusion
of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, she underwent a low anterior resection with total
mesorectal excision. Her surgical margins were negative; however, of the 21 lymph nodes retrieved, 11
were positive for cancer. The patient underwent further adjuvant chemotherapy. 2 years, 8 months later, the
patient presented to the emergency department with worsening swelling of the right side of the face, with
increasing pain, hearing, and visual impairments. Diagnostic imaging revealed a large lesion in the cranial
anatomy, invading the temporal bone, temporomandibular joint, sphenoid bone and anterior superior
epitympanum of the right middle ear. The patient underwent operative intervention followed by radiation
and chemotherapy. Asynchronous metastasis of rectal cancer to the cranium is a rare finding and an invasion
into the temporal bone even more scarcely reported. The prognosis for distant metastatic disease is poor
because it involves metastatic spread via the lymph channels or vascular system. Patients that have
undergone treatment for advanced rectal cancer must be approached with a high index of suspicion for
distant metastatic disease, even in the advent of routine negative surveillance
Research Methodology in Kurdish Studies
Authors: Orhan Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Kurdish studies are generally defined and conducted according to a topic or geographic location, namely, within the Middle East. Research procedures used to handle different issues as well as develop concepts and hypotheses have become important, since most of the current theories lack practical approaches when conducting studies on the Kurds. Relying on specific examples, published sources as well as the author’s personal fieldwork and insights, the article establishes a critique of bias, problems and solutions in research goals and methodologies in the field of Kurdish studies. The article underlines the importance of problem-oriented research, notably addressing the questions who, where, when, how and why. Furthermore, it shows the way in which the personality of the researcher, as well as the fluctuations and constraints encountered during the fieldwork, influence the methodology. Finally, it emphasises the practical and theoretical challenges dealt with by the researcher due to the political aspect of the Kurdish question, which encompasses orientalist, imperial, or national interests.
Clothing and Colours in Early Islam
Authors: Hirsch Hadas
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the colour subtext in the founding texts of Islam, namely, the Koran and jurisprudence. These texts were the raw material to create a scale of colours appropriate and inappropriate for clothing, and to analyse the role of colours in differentiating among subjected groups. Colours were positioned on a scale as preferred, permitted or prohibited for clothing based on their symbolic interpretations and perceptions of adornment and aesthetics. The use of colours for clothing as a means to establish and reinforce gendered differentiation reflects the patriarchal and hierarchal nature of Muslim societies. The other use of colours was to create religious-political differentiation between the Muslim ruling elite and two different subject populations, namely, their non-Muslim tributaries and rebels against the regime.
Enacting inclusivity in the preparation of emerging scholars
Authors: Stewart Saran , Haynes Chayla , Deal Kristin
Published: April 2020

This article explores how three doctoral candidates enrolled in the discipline of Higher Education gained an understanding of social justice, equity-mindedness and diversity in the academy. Prior to the admission of these three students, two faculty members had reformed the doctoral programme to align it with the principles of inclusive pedagogy. They created a conceptual framework for the redesign of the programme’s mission, curriculum and pedagogy. Echoing an article that those faculty members wrote about the programme, the authors use a collaborative autoethnographic approach to share their experiences of the programme. Just as the faculty members engaged in a fictitious dialogue with their source of inspiration, bell hooks, the authors engage in a conversation with the programme chair about their pursuit of education as the practice of freedom.
The use of Socrative in university social science teaching
Authors: Pryke Sam
Published: April 2020

Socrative is an online platform that allows a teacher to put questions to students through an app on their smart phone or tablet. In existence since 2011, its use is now quite common in university teaching. But is Socrative any good? This article reviews the literature on the device and discusses my research on the use of the app, the first carried out with social science students. The secondary research findings are that students find Socrative easy to use, fun, of genuine benefit to their learning and a medium that aids active participation. Furthermore, there is evidence that it benefits attainment as testing helps memory retention. My research findings broadly concur. Also considered is how Socrative use can be extended beyond revision-style testing to introduce students to new information that challenges existing beliefs and to elicit controversial opinions and sensitive information.
Using a game for undergraduate global health students in the United States to practice applying ethical research principles
Authors: Rodriguez Sarah B.
Published: April 2020

Global health programmes have become quite popular within universities in the United States. But despite the growth in undergraduate programming in global health, the training of American undergraduates to ensure they engage ethically when conducting research in a low- or middle-income country has not followed. I teach a course in global bioethics and developed the board game described in this article as a means of engaging students in active, peer-to-peer learning about ethical challenges, questions and concerns during the research planning process, while students are working abroad in unfamiliar contexts or upon return to their home university once their data collection is completed. The game is intended for students to apply what they learned regarding global bioethical practice.
Evaluation Of Interest Rate Free In Indonesian Islamic Banking
Authors: Aziz Roikhan Mochamad , Syahrul Syahrul
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study reviewed the analysis and discussion in a thesis entitled "Analysis of Effect of Non Performing Financing (NPF), assets of Islamic Banking and Bank Indonesia Certificates Sharia (SBIS) Financing Against Islamic Banking in Indonesia in 2010-2013". This research methodusing descriptive qualitative method in which these two methods are analyzed and explained by the subjective nature or in accordance with the object. The data used is qualitative data that comes from two sources, namely primary data and secondary data. Then the data is formulated and interpreted so neatly into one. The data collection is done by observation, interview, documentation, and literature. The results of this research are variable Non Performing Financing (NPF), assets of Islamic Banking and Bank Indonesia Certificates Sharia (SBIS) mempunai significant effect on the financing of Islamic banking in Indonesia.
The Introduction of Calculation at The Preparatory Center in Islamic Kindergarten Nibras Padang
Authors: Vitaloka Wulansari
Published: April 2020

The problem in this research is the center approach as a learning model is still not used in KINDERGARTEN. Because teachers have not understood the center approach and the introduction of counting in children is not optimal, it is difficult for teachers to determine the right method. The purpose of this research is to describe the methods used by teachers in the identification of calculation at the preparatory center at the Islamic kindergarten Nibras Padang. The research methods used in this study are descriptive with a qualitative approach. The informant in this study was the teacher at the center of preparation as well as the principal. The results of this research can be concluded that the method used in the introduction of calculation of the preparation center in TK Nibras Islam is at the reception of the teacher's child using the question and answer method, on the footing before playing the teacher using methods of play, methods of giving assignments and methods of demonstration, on footing during the main teacher using methods of play, question and answer methods, demonstration methods, experimental methods and methods of dramatization, on the footing after playing the teacher using methods of play, question and answer methods, and methods of storytelling.
The Ability of Writing Cerpen Procuredly Through Experiential Learning Students of Class IX Junior High School
Authors: Musyawir Musyawir , Hamzah Hamzah
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the ability of students of class IX SMP Buru 11 in writing short stories in stages through observation of the daily events of experiential learning. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. Namely by describing the profile of student learning outcomes by utilizing ways of interpretation by presenting in the form of descriptions. The results of this study indicate that (1) The ability to write short stories in stages through observation of daily events Experiential Learning in SMP Negeri 11 Buru has been successful, but not yet optimal, (2) aspects of the accuracy of diction which do not meet the maximum value, from the total sample of 26 students who scored 65 and above was 16 people (62%) and 10 students who scored below 65 (38%). This means that the ability of grade IX students of SMP Negeri 11 Buru in writing short stories in stages through observation of daily events (Experiential Learning) is categorized as sufficient.
Learning Fun English Using Total Physical Response Method
Authors: Karini Zulia
Published: April 2020

One of the difficult parts of learning the target language for English language learners is the acquisition of vocabulary. Most learners find that English is a hard subject to be studied. However, they can enjoy learning English when it is taught in a fun way. Using games for teaching vocabulary has been very popular for several decades. Different studies revealed that games are beneficial in vocabulary learning because they enhance students’ ability to memorize words, encourage student’s interaction, improve their communicative skills and enhance students’ motivation. Games also can help the teachers to create contexts in which the language is useful and meaningful. Watching a movie is also a great way to learn English. Learners can improve their vocabulary while watching a film. Total Physical Response method can also be applied when teaching English for children. This method makes language skills more quickly understood and understood by children the use of functional English like "Show and tell". Fun English learning activities (over English learning) was done this time, considering how enthusiastic the children in Taman Baca Kudi Dusun Cunil Pegalongan village Banyumas in every activity given. This English learning activity also aims to provide English introduction materials early so that they will be accustomed to facing all things related to the English language.
A convolution-based distance measure for fuzzy singletons and its application in a pattern recognition problem
Authors: Naranjo Rodrigo , Santos Matilde , Garmendia Luis
Published: April 2020

A new method to measure the distance between fuzzy singletons (FSNs) is presented. It first fuzzifies a crisp number to a generalized trapezoidal fuzzy number (GTFN) using the Mamdani fuzzification method. It then treats an FSN as an impulse signal and transforms the FSN into a new GTFN by convoluting it with the original GTFN. In so doing, an existing distance measure for GTFNs can be used to measure distance between FSNs. It is shown that the new measure offers a desirable behavior over the Euclidean and weighted distance measures in the following sense: Under the new measure, the distance between two FSNs is larger when they are in different GTFNs, and smaller when they are in the same GTFN. The advantage of the new measure is demonstrated on a fuzzy forecasting trading system over two different real stock markets, which provides better predictions with larger profits than those obtained using the Euclidean distance measure for the same system.
The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in veterans of Iran-Iraq war
Authors: Hashemizadeh Parisa , Shekarriz-Foumani Reza , Niroomand Mahtab
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

War veterans are at risk for obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus because of specific mental and physical status, and underlying disorders. Also, due to lower exposure to sunlight they are at risk of vitamin D deficiency.

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and obesity and metabolic syndrome in veterans in order to identify nutritional deficits, improve metabolic status and reduce the risk of related diseases.

METHODS:

Demographic information, anthropometric parameters and blood tests (FBS, HbA1C, TG, HDL, vitamin D3) of veterans referring to the weight disorder clinic during 2017 to 2018 were collected.

RESULTS:

339 veterans were included. The mean BMI was 30.4±6.7 kg/m2. 80.5% of this population had vitamin D deficiency and it was associated with weight, TG, LDL, FBS, HbA1C, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and Diabetes. In multivariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between obesity and hypovitaminosis D ( P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, metabolic syndrome and obesity is high among veterans. Despite non-significant relationships, risk of metabolic syndrome is higher in patients with hypovitaminosis D. Hence, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in veterans seems to be necessary.
Impact of migration on dietary patterns and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Northern Moroccan migrant adolescents in Madrid (Spain)
Authors: El Mokhtari Oussama , Anzid Karim , Hilali Abderraouf , Cherkaoui Mohamed , Mora-Urda Ana Isabel , Montero-López María del Pilar , Levy-Desroches Susan
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Few studies have compared the diets of minor migrants with similar ethnic groups in the country of origin. Although Moroccans form the largest foreign population group in Spain, there is limited information on their dietary changes and the effects on nutritional status.

AIM:

To determine whether migration has caused changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in a sample of Moroccan adolescents living in Madrid (Spain) compared with their peers in northern Morocco (Al Hoceima).

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 409 Moroccan pupils, 308 living in Al Hoceima and 101 living in Madrid. Food records were compiled over three non-consecutive days by pre-trained adolescents. Energy and nutrient intakes were estimated using the DIAL software, adapted to include foods usually eaten in Morocco. Diet quality indicators studied were the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI), caloric profile, cholesterol (mg/1000 kcal) and fibre density (g/1000 kcal). A binary logistic regression model was used to test the association between the MAI and the adolescents’ geographical location and socio-economic level.

RESULTS:

Moroccan adolescents living in Al Hoceima were significantly 10.5 times more likely to attain a high MAI score than their peers living in Madrid. For both sexes, migration decreased significantly the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (1.8 vs. 2.5). For boys, migrant adolescents had significantly higher daily energy (2860.9 vs. 2139.1 kcal), protein (13.9 vs. 13.2 %) and lower fibre (11.2 vs. 14.3) intakes than autochthonous adolescents. For girls, there were no significant differences.

CONCLUSION:

Migration can be beneficial for Moroccan migrants in terms of increased daily energy intake. However, the fact that their energy intake is increasingly provided by non-Mediterranean foods could have negative consequences for their health, with increased rates of overweight and obesity. It is essential to continue to promote the Mediterranean Diet, especially among young people.
English Needs of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH): The Multinational and National Companies’ Voice in Indonesia
Authors: Haryati Sri , Rochsantiningsih Dewi , Wahyuni Dewi Sri
Published: April 2020

The vast growths of multinational and national companies to world-class companies in Indonesia result in the advanced demand for English mastery in every working sector including Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). This article aims at investigating the needs and actual use of English in a working environment specifically at OSH. This research adopted mix method which use questionnaire and open-ended interview to obtain the data on the needs of English in OSH field matching to the prerequisite test in recruitment as well as the use of English from fifteen multinational and national companies. The result of the investigation revealed that English certification positioned as a prerequisite test and getting a high priority in job recruitment. When recruiting, companies expect at least an intermediate level for English. Recruits at least have to be able to manage communicative competence for daily conversation and perform a solid knowledge and skills of general OSH vocabulary. Productive skills are more required for communicating to expatriates, leading the meeting, doing a presentation, writing a report and designing Standard Operational Procedure (SOP). This research implies that in spite of position as the foreign language in Indonesia, English has a vital role in the working environment.
Foro Social Mundial 2005: Un espacio de convergencia y articulación
Authors: Manzanedo Cristina
Published: April 2020

El quinto Foro Social Mundial (FSM) ha mostrado una vez más su fuerza y vigor. Este año nos hemos reunido casi 100.000 personas de más de 100 países, representando a 5.000 organizaciones y movimientos de la sociedad civil. La atención de los medios de comunicación ha sido muy grande: había 5.500 periodistas acreditados. Siguiendo el modelo instaurado por los indios el año pasado, el Foro ha salido del recinto universitario de Porto Alegre y se ha desarrollado en un espacio abierto a lo largo de 4 km junto al río Guaiba.
Reseñas
Authors: Molina Sánchez Horacio , Camacho Laraña Ildefonso , Romero Atela Teresa , Romero Rodríguez José Juan
Published: April 2020

Reseñas de la obra: 

ARCENEGUI RODRIGO, J. A. (2005), El moderno papel de la auditoría interna en el marco del gobierno corporativo: Estudio de las recomendaciones del Comité de Basilea al caso de las entidades ﬁnancieras, Madrid, Ed. Fundación de las Cajas de Ahorros, 410 págs.

TOLEDANO, A. L. (2004), Hacia el equilibrio de la población mundial. El equilibrio demográﬁco y la ética cristiana. Madrid – Bilbao, Universidad Pontiﬁcia Comillas – Desclée de Brouwer, 440 pp.

MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ, Mª C. (2004), Política y administración Provincial. La Diputación de Córdoba: 1925–1991. Tomos I y II., Córdoba, Diputación de Córdoba, 843 págs.

VARIOS AUTORES (2005), Monográﬁco: desarrollo rural sostenible. Revista Española de Desarrollo y cooperación. Número extraordinario. Madrid, Edita Instituto Universitario de Desarrollo y Cooperación (IUDC), Universidad Complutense, 144 págs.

GARCÍA DELGADO, J. L. y GARCÍA GRANDE, Mª. J. (Directores) (2005). Política Agraria Común: balance y perspectivas. Barcelona, Ed. La Caixa, Colección de Estudios Económicos, nº 34, 189.

CONSEJO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL (2005), Análisis y perspectivas del sector primario en la Unión Europea, Madrid, Consejo Económico y Social, Colección Informes, 87 págs.
RANCANG BANGUN DC – DC CONVERTER BERBASIS MICROCONTROLLER STM32F4 DAN MATLAB/SIMULINK
Authors: Hilmansyah Hilmansyah , Utomo Restu Mukti
Published: April 2020

DC – DC converter banyak diplikasikan pada renewable energy, sel surya, sistem pengecasan baterai dan mobil listrik. Salah satu metode pada DC – DC converter adalah buck converter. Pada buck converter, tegangan keluaran lebih kecil dari tengangan masukkannya. Pada paper ini, buck converter didesain menggunakan microcontroller STM32F4 berbasis MATLAB/Simulink, TLP521 sebagai pengaman rangkaian daya buck converter dan rangkaian kendali STM32F4, IGBT FGH75T65UPD sebagai komponen switching, dan IR 2111 yang berfungsi sebagai gate driver untuk IGBT. Penanaman program STM32F4 dari MATLAB/Simulink menggunakan waijung blockset. Tegangan masukan pada buck converter didesain sebesar 35 V dengan tegangan keluaran sebesar 3,5 V sampai dengan 31,5 V dengan frekuensi switching pada IGBT maksimum sebesar 100 kHz. Data pada hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa perubahan pada duty cycle akan berpengaruh pada tegangan keluaran, arus keluaran dan effisiensi dari buck converter.
Customer Satisfaction in Hotel Cinta Sayang Resort, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia: a Qualitative Approach
Authors: Rabean Qistina binti , Haji-Othman Yusuf
Published: April 2020

The abstract is to examine customer satisfaction in hotel industry among customer at Hotel Cinta Sayang Resort in the state of Kedah, Malaysia using a quantitative approach. This research is to identify what is the factor that influences customer satisfaction in hotel industry. There are a few objectives for this research which are to identify the relationship between tangible, reliability, responsiveness, confidence and communication toward customer satisfaction. By using a questionnaire method, all 30 questionnaires complete by 30 respondents and this questionnaire is valid for further analysis this study finds that the satisfactions in hotel are tangible, reliability, responsiveness, confidence and communication. From the findings, most of the factors are fairly influencing customer satisfaction were identified. This study recommends more explorations in the area of hotel industry using a quantitative approach and future studies should focus on internal or psychological factor of customer satisfaction.
America – China Trade War on Triangle Currency Shock
Authors: Hs Arisyahidin
Published: April 2020

This paper is to analyze the impact of trade war United States – Republic of China on ASEAN currency shock with the subject are the triangle counties; Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. By comparing currency of those 3 states, we resulted the different impact of trade war of US–China on each country. Foreign exchange of Indonesia Rupiah is more volatile than Malaysia and Singapore. It mean that influence of US-China trading war on currency shock is depend on the economics power of each countries in the international trading. Indonesia as an emerging country also became the alternative penetration target. Besides the difference of international transaction system on those countries, we realize that Indonesia is a big country, so that the volume of consumptive is exactly large of amount.
THE STUDY ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE NEEDLES OF TAXUS WALLICHIANA ZUCC. (TAXACEAE)
Authors: Nguyen Tam Thi Thanh , Nguyen Nhan Trung
Published: April 2020

A new taxane-type diterpene named 10-deacetyltaxuspine F (2) together with a known compound, taxuspine F (1), were isolated from the needles of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Taxaceae). Their chemical structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods and comparision with published data.
GOLD MINERALIZATOIN FEATURES OF SUOILINH - SONGMADA (LINH SPRING - MADA RIVER) AREA AND ITS PROSPECTS
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Kim
Published: April 2020

Suoilinh-Songmada area is situated in Vinhan ore region, in the SW of Dalat zone. Gold mineralization in this region occurred mainly in granitoid of Dinhquan complex, some of them are found in terrigenous-carbonate sedimentary rocks of formations: Dakrong and Mada. The host rocks were strongly altered mainly by sericitization, quartization, chloritization, and epidotization. The ores deposits were formed in veins, zones of veins that their direction is different: mainly in NE-SW, and NW-SE; secondary in sub longitude and sub-latitude. They are related to main fault in NW-SE direction. The mineral associations are mainly presented by pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, native gold, and electrum, occupying 10-20%. The gold mineralization genesis is low-medium temperature hydrothermal, (125-267ºC) related to calc-alkaline granitoid which was formed in magmatic arc of active continental margin of ancient East Asia type, developed in Late Mesozoic. The ore deposit type is vein-shaped gold-quartz-sulfide; mineral types are: gold quart-pyrite-arsenopyrite and gold-quartz-polymetallic sulfide. With the above-mentioned features of spatial distribution and mineralization, gold mineralization of the Suoilinh Songmada area has high potential which should be studied more.
一些关于国土空间规划的新认知
Authors: 王 力
Published: April 2020

国土空间规划一直都是我国城市建设中的重点内容,同时也是理论与实践探索研究的重点。文章将重点对国土空间规划进行分析探讨,并提出相关建设性意见,以此为国土空间规划提供参考,为我国新时期建设目标的实现贡献力量。
基于Surpac建立地质钻孔数据库的方法研究
Authors: 周 丹
Published: April 2020

目前很多勘探区、典型矿床已开展了大量的地质工作,但是海量资料的集成和综合利用程度仍然较低。因此,创新性的利用信息技术集成并综合利用丰富的地质数据和资料,成为目前工作中亟待解决的问题之一。本文以Surpac软件系统为基础平台,辅助使用Access、MapGIS等软件,建立了一套完整、系统的地质数据库,为成矿规律、矿床成因研究以及矿产资源评估、勘探规划、工程设计等提供强了有力的支持。
基础性地理国情监测流程优化探讨
Authors: 王 功宇
Published: April 2020

随着2018年开始的机构改革逐步完成,自然资源部将构建“统一组织开展、统一法规依据、统一调查体系、统一分类标准、统一技术规范、统一数据平台”的自然资源调查监测体系。基础性地理国情普查与监测是自然资源调查监测体系中重要的一环,而地表覆盖的变化检测是基础性地理国情监测的工作重点,此项工作的工作量很大、时间很短,为了全面提升生产效率,给出在工作中更合理和有效的问题解决方案,本文将对基础性地理国情监测流程优化问题展开研究。
浅析房产测量测绘工程的过程及要点
Authors: 董 剑夕
Published: April 2020

房产测绘工作是房地产建设过程中必不可少的一项内容,在房地产开发和建设中有十分重要的作用。有效的房产测量测绘工程可以促进房地产行业的发展,保证购买者的合法权益。在目前房产测量测绘过程中,普遍存在测绘机构不重视,测量设备不先进以及测量技术不科学等问题。严重影响测量效果。因此,必须要加强对房地产测量测绘工作的研究和探讨。重视起房地产的测量测绘工作,规范整个测量流程,并对测量过程进行严格检查和监督,确保测量结果的准确性。
川东北HB区块嘉二段储层特征研究
Authors: 陈 墨 , 黎 静容 , 冯 晓明
Published: April 2020

在对四川盆地嘉陵江组沉积背景认识的基础上,通过对川东北通南巴构造HB区块嘉二段钻井岩心的宏观和微观特征分析,归纳出该区块嘉二段储层的岩性、物性特点、储集空间类型及储层的主控因素。结果表明,HB区块嘉二段储层岩性主要为砂屑白云岩、粉晶白云岩；储集空间以晶间(溶)孔、粒间溶孔、溶孔为主储层发育受沉积环境、成岩作用和构造破裂作用的综合影响和控制。
无人机倾斜摄影测量在应急测绘中的应用
Authors: 景 军
Published: April 2020

无人机倾斜摄影技术是近年来发展起来的一项新的测绘技术,其改变了传统航测遥感影响只能从垂直方向进行拍摄的限制,利用多台传感器从不同的角度对数据采集,高效快速的获取海量的数据信息。获得的三维数据可真实反映地物的外观、位置、高度等属性；借助无人机,可快速采集影像数据,实现全自动化三维建模；倾斜摄影数据是带有空间位置信息的可量测影像数据,能同时输出DSM、DOM、TDOM,DLG等多种成果,实现全自动化三维建模,真实反映地物的外观、位罝、高度等属性信息。为政府应急测绘顺利完成提供有力的保障。
不动产测绘中测绘工程技术的实践应用探究
Authors: 曹 祥挺
Published: April 2020

由于不动产测绘经常会受到一系列外在因素的干扰,这就导致不动产测绘经常出现问题,直接影响相应工程项目建设效果,难以满足我国建筑行业良性发展要求。而在测绘工程技术的支持下不仅能够改善不动产测绘缺陷,还能保证相关人员在标准化规章条例支持下开展不动产测绘工作,强调不动产测绘的合理性和完善性,使得不动产测绘符合我国建筑行业发展要求。
浅谈无人机倾斜摄影技术在农村不动产确权中的应用
Authors: 张 笑帅 , 艾 亚涛
Published: April 2020

传统视域下的不动产确权具有速度相对较慢,成本相对较高的特点。无人机倾斜测量摄影是一种新兴技术,和垂直摄影测量技术相比,倾斜摄影测量技术的数据采集速度较快,并且其三维建模的速度也不低。所以,现阶段,倾斜摄影测量技术在农村不动产确权中应用的普及程度也逐渐变得越来越高。
复杂断块长停井复产技术对策及效果评价
Authors: 魏 友谊
Published: April 2020

茨榆坨油田是一个复杂断块型油气藏,断裂系统复杂,小断层、微构造多,地质条件的复杂性导致油水关系复杂,部分生产井由于水淹、地层出砂和井下事故等原因长期关井,导致部分区块井网不完善,注采矛盾突出。通过对该油田开展长停井调查,对长停井关井原因进行分析落实长停原因,针对性的开展长停井复产工作,充分挖潜剩余油潜力,进一步提高油田开发效果。