bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical modelling and processing experiment of gas-liquid-solid three phase rotary abrasive flow machining
Authors: Tan Yunfeng , Ni Yesha , Wu Jiafeng , Li Lin , Tan Dapeng
Published: November 2022

Enhancing the processing efficiency and surface quality of difficult-to-machine materials such as large-area titaniferous alloy parts is the focus of low-carbon manufacturing. Here, we present a novel microbubble enhancement effect-based three-phase rotary abrasive flow polishing method (RGLSP). The characteristics of the high-speed rotary flow are calculated by the mixture model and modified realizable k-ε turbulence model. The simulation results reveal the dynamic characteristics of the high-speed turbulent vortex flow field formed by the three-phase abrasive flows in the constrained flow passages. The results show that the pitch-down angle of the processing medium inlet is the important parameter that affects the impact distribution features, and there is an optimal value for the impact characteristics of the rotary flow. Then the processing tool and RGLSP experimental platform are established, and the RGLSP method can improve the machining efficiency by 60%. The RGLSP method also can improve the surface quality of material without subsurface damage and the roughness can reach Ra 0.1µm after 150min machining.
Molecular basis for protein histidine N1-specific methylation of the “His-x-His” motifs by METTL9
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Zhou Yang , Li Caiyi , Bi Yucong , Wang Keyun , Ye Mingliang , Li Haitao
Published: November 2022

Histidine methylation serves as an intriguing strategy to introduce altered traits of target proteins, including metal ion chelation, histidine-based catalysis, molecular assembly, and translation regulation. As a newly identified histidine methyltransferase, METTL9 catalyzes N1-methylation of protein substrates containing the “His-x-His” motif (HxH, x denotes small side chain residue). Here our structural and biochemical studies revealed that METTL9 specifically methylates the second histidine of the “HxH” motif, while exploiting the first one as a recognition signature. We observed an intimate engagement between METTL9 and a pentapeptide motif, where the small “x” residue is embedded and confined within the substrate pocket. Upon complex formation, the N3 atom of histidine imidazole ring is stabilized by an aspartate residue such that the N1 atom is presented to S-adenosylmethionine for methylation. Moreover, METTL9 displayed a feature in preferred consecutive and “C-to-N” directional methylation of tandem “HxH” repeats that exist in many METTL9 substrates. Collectively, our work illustrates the molecular design of METTL9 in N1-specific methylation of the broadly existing “HxH” motifs, highlighting its importance in histidine methylation biology.
A case report about a child with drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Tong Jing , Gao Mengqiu , Chen Yu , Wang Jie
Published: November 2022

Background: Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis predisposes to concurrent tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most devastating and disabling form of tuberculosis. However, children often have atypical clinical symptoms, difficulty in specimen collection, low specimen content, and the increasing incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, which makes the accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of childhood tuberculosis face monumental challenges.
Case presentation: The 14-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital with intermittent fever, headache, and blurred vision, her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein level, decreased chloride level, positive for TB-RNA, Xert MTB/RIF detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but rifampin resistance test was unknown. Subsequently, her CSF culture was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the drug sensitivity test (DST) revealed resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, and fluoroquinolones. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed diffuse miliary nodules in both lungs. Intracranial enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed “multiple intensified images of the brain parenchyma, cisterns, and part of the meninges.”The final diagnosis is hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and pre-extensive drug-resistant TBM. After 19 months of full oral individualized antituberculosis treatment, her infection was effectively controlled with no neurological sequelae.
Conclusion: For patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, especially children, even if there are no typical clinical symptoms, it is necessary to know whether there is TBM and other conditions, and constantly look for the relevant aetiological basis to clarify whether it is drug-resistant tuberculosis, to achieve a rapid and accurate diagnosis and timely and effective treatment, which can effectively improve prognosis and reduce mortality and disability rate.
comparison of the diagnostic performance of the ACR and C TIRADS applying the ACR TIRADS’ thresholds for FNAcomparison of the diagnostic performance of the ACR and C TIRADS applying the ACR TIRADS’ thresholds for FNA
Authors: Si Cai-feng , Fu Chao , Cui Yi-yang , Cui Ke-Fei
Published: November 2022

Objective To investigate the diagnostic performances and unnecessary fine needle aspiration (FNA) rates of two point-scale based TIRADS and compare them with a modified version using the ACR TIRADS’ size thresholds.
Methods Our Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. A total of 2083 thyroid nodules 10 mm or larger in size in 1779 patients with definitive pathological findings were included. Ultrasonography categories were assigned according to each guideline. We applied the ACR TIRADS’ size thresholds for FNA to the C TIRADS and defined it as the modified C TIRADS (mC TIRADS). Diagnostic performances and unnecessary FNA rates were evaluated for the original and modified guidelines.
Results Of the original guidelines, the ACR TIRADS had higher specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (51.6%, 67.7%, and 0.723, respectively). When the size threshold of the ACR TIRADS was applied to the C TIRADS, the resultant mC TIRADS had higher specificity and accuracy than the ACR (56.1% vs 51.6%,68.7% vs 67.7%). The mC TIRADS had similar unnecessary FNA rate and AUC with the ACR TIRADS (43.7% and 45%, 0.722 vs 0.723，respectively). The false-negative rate of the C TIRADS was the lowest (2.0%) among all TIRADS.
Conclusion The modified C TIRADS incorporating the size thresholds of the ACR showed higher diagnostic performance and a lower unnecessary FNA rate than the original point-scale based TIRADS.
Exploration of the mechanisms affecting ischemic stroke by ceRNA network construction
Authors: Sun Bin , Jia Jun , Yang Hua , Xiang Xin , Liu Xiaoxian
Published: November 2022

Background
Ischemic stroke is among the most common and fatal diseases.. Apoptosis exerts a crucial role in ischemic stroke and heart disorders. The role of the circRNA associated with apoptosis in ischemic stroke was not fully elucidated.
Methods
Three datasets, GSE122709, GSE133768, and GSE110993, from the GEO database, were enrolled in bioinformatics analysis. The targeting miRNAs and mRNAs were predicted through the circBase and miRWalk database. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was created by Cytoscape software. The ‘clusterProfiler’ R package was applied to execute GO and KEGG analysis. We constructed the SH-SY5Y oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model to simulate ischemic stroke in vitro. RT-qPCR and western-blot was utilized to examine the expression level of corresponding genes. Cell Counting Kit-8 was utilized to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was conducted for cell apoptosis analysis.
Results
Based on the data from public database, we finally created a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network containing 143 nodes and 272 edges. In the network, the expression of CDKN1A (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) was regulated by hsa-miR-17-5p, which is regulated by hsa-circ-0004622. Then, we verified the expression of CDKN1A, miR-17-5p, and circ-0004622 in SH-SY5Y OGD model. The result of functional experiment showed that circ-0004622 promoted apoptosis in ischemic stroke by regulating miR-17-5p.
Conclusion
Taken together, by bioinformatics methods and functional experiments, this study excavated and investigated the role of circ-0004622 in promoting cell apoptosis in ischemic stroke, providing a theoretical foundation for clinical diagnosis and elucidation of the molecular mechanism of ischemic stroke.
Surveillance of N. gonorrhoea in Tamale, Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Musah Haris Sualah , Addy Francis , Dufailu Osman Adamu
Published: November 2022

The evolution of N. gonorrhoea into a “super bag” and the absence of a viable vaccine calls for continuous surveillance. Surveillance data of N. gonorrhoea in Ghana remains scanty with no known record from the Northern sector of Ghana. In this study, primary swab samples (230) were collected from Tamale metropolis to isolate N. gonorrhoea. Presumptive N. gonorrhoea isolates were confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the porB gene. One isolate (0.043%) was molecularly confirmed to be N. gonorrhoea. Further surveillance in Northern Ghana is encouraged.
Reducing mitochondrial ribosomal gene expression does not alter metabolic health or lifespan in mice
Authors: Reid Kim , Daniels Eileen G. , Vasam Goutham , Kamble Rashmi , Janssens Georges E. , Hu Man , Green Alexander E. , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Menzies Keir J.
Published: November 2022

Maintaining mitochondrial function is critical to an improved health span and lifespan. Introducing mild stress by inhibiting mitochondrial translation invokes the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and increases lifespan in several animal models. Notably, lower mitochondrial ribosomal protein (MRP) expression also correlates with increased lifespan in a reference population of mice. In this study, we tested whether partially reducing the expression of a critical MRP, Mrpl54, reduced mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein content, induced the UPRmt, and affected lifespan or metabolic health using germline heterozygous Mrpl54 mice. Despite reduced Mrpl54 expression in multiple organs and a reduction in mitochondrial-encoded protein expression in myoblasts, we identified few significant differences between male or female Mrpl54+/- and wild type mice in initial body composition, respiratory parameters, energy intake and expenditure, or ambulatory motion. We also observed no differences in glucose or insulin tolerance, treadmill endurance, cold tolerance, heart rate, or blood pressure. There were no differences in median life expectancy or maximum lifespan. Overall, we demonstrate that genetic manipulation of Mrpl54 expression reduces mitochondrial-encoded protein content but is not sufficient to improve healthspan in otherwise healthy and unstressed mice.
The lower lip profile change during total distalization of the mandibular dentition
Authors: Kim Bumjin , Shin Jeong Won , Hong Christine , Baik Un-Bong , Kim Young Ho , Chae Hwa Sung , Ahn Yun Pyo
Published: November 2022

Background

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the lower lip profile during Class III lower total arch distalization camouflage treatment.

Methods

The cohort included 45 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion. These patients underwent camouflage orthodontic treatment with lower arch total distalization. Lateral cephalograms at the pre-treatment stage and post-treatment stage were taken. Cephalometric measurements were analyzed to uncover the influencing factors of the lower lip profile. This study defined new variables; i.e., CK and CKA, for detailed soft tissue analysis.

Results

Novel soft tissue measurements presented in this study showed statistically significant changes after treatment. The CK angle and L1 to A Pog, L1 to NB, and IMPA were statistically correlated. Simple regression analysis was conducted between variables. The formulas were ΔCKA = 0.79(Δ L1 to NB) -1.6 and multiple regression resulted in ΔCKA = 0.5(Δ L1 to NB) – 0.42 (‘LL to Eline’, before treatment)

Conclusions

The present study provided evidence that the lower lip evaluation including the novel CKA and CKHA, were significantly related to the mandibular incisal position during total distalization of the mandibular dentition. The results demonstrated that, clinically, significant lip retraction can be obtained. Therefore, non-extraction with distalization must be suggested as the first treatment option in mild skeletal Class III malocclusion patients.
Effects of tracer position on screw placement technique in robot- assisted posterior spine surgery
Authors: Ding Lixiang , Yi Meng , Song Jipeng , Zhang Yao , Lin Wancheng , Yao Mingtao , Fan Yuyu
Published: November 2022

Objective
To explore the potential effects of tracers on surgical outcomes in robot-assisted spine surgery.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of robot-assisted spine surgery performed in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from September 2020 and September 2022 was conducted. All patients were divided into two groups based on tracer location. A case-control study was performed to determine the potential effects of tracer positions on surgical procedures.
Results
A total of 525 pedicle screws placed in 92 robot-assisted surgeries were analyzed. The rate of a perfect screw position was 94.9%. There was no significant difference in age, sex, height and body weight between the two groups. The spinous group had significantly higher screw accuracy whereas longer operational duration.
Conclusion
The robot-assisted guided pedicle screwing technique has significantly improved screw accuracy compared to the traditional freehand screwing technique. Placing the tracer on the spinous process as opposed to the iliac spine may result in longer procedure duration or increased bleeding, but enhanced satisfaction of screw placement.
Agro Residues Phyllanthus Emblica and Punica Granatum Used as Substrate for Production, Characterization of Tannase Enzyme Under Solid State Fermentation From Aspergillus Niger
Authors: R Preethi rathna , M Kalpanadevi
Published: November 2022

The enzyme tannase hydrolyzes tannin esters and lateral bonds, releasing glucose and gallic acid, and plays a role in wine and juice clarification. Penicillium and Aspergillus are excellent producers of this enzyme. In addition to seeking out fungi that produce high levels of tannase, new substrates for SSF enzyme production should be investigated. Tannase is an important enzyme utilized in various industries as it has a wide range of applications. The most economical method for producing tannase was solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus nigerand agricultural wasteThe solid-state fermentation substrate used was amla leaf (Phyllanthus Emblica) and pomegranate leaf (Punica granatum). A Placket-Burman and RSM analysis was used to determine the best producer. Punica granatum showed the highestactivity. The antimicrobial activity was performed for both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., The Antibiofilm activity of purified tannase was performed by well plate assay over selected pathogens. The Antioxidant activity of purified tannase enzyme extract is tested against standard ascorbic acid. This is among the limited reports in which a source of fungi was employed to produce tannase.
Bacteroidales-specific antimicrobial genes influence the selection of the dominant fecal strain of Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis from the gastrointestinal tract microbial community
Authors: Koo Hyunmin , Morrow Casey D.
Published: November 2022

Background
Previous studies have used metagenomic sequencing to provide strain level resolution of the dominant fecal microbial community. Subsequent studies have shown that perturbations, such as antibiotics can result in the transient appearance of new fecal dominant strains that after a short time are replaced with the pre-antibiotic strains indicating the existence of a microbial community gastrointestinal tract (GIT) reservoir.
Results
To gain insight into the selection of dominant fecal microbial strains from the GIT, we have focused our studies on Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis, which are known to be prominent in the human fecal microbial community. Using 3 longitudinal metagenomic sequencing data sets, we have analyzed sequence reads of individual fecal samples using BLAST+ to search for genes encoding Bacteroidales-specific antimicrobial proteins that have known functions to restrict species-specific replication of B. uniformis(BSAP-2) or B. vulgatus (BSAP-3). The BSAP gene, including 5’ and 3’ sequences, was then visualized using Integrative Genomics Viewer. Using the HMP data set, we found fecal samples from individuals had B. vulgatusor B. uniformis with either complete or deleted BSAP gene patterns that did not change over time. We also examined fecal samples from two separate longitudinal data sets of individuals that had been given either single or multiple antibiotics. The BSAP phenotype and gene pattern from most individuals given either single or multiple antibiotics recovered to be the same as the pre-antibiotic strain. However, in a few individuals, we found that the presence of the BSAP positive phenotype restricted the appearance of a BSAP negative phenotype during the recovery of the fecal dominant strain following antibiotic perturbation.
Conclusions
We demonstrate the dominant fecal B. uniformis or B. vulgatus strains contain a defined and stable BSAP phenotype. In some individuals, the BSAP positive phenotype dominated the BSAP negative phenotype during recovery from antibiotics, supporting the influence of the BSAP proteins in the selection from the GIT microbial community. The results of these studies provide a basis for targeting the Bacteroides BSAP genes to alter microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions in efforts to modify functions of the Bacteroides spp. in the gut community.
Effects of periodontal pathogen–induced intestinal dysbiosis on transplant immunity in an allogenic skin graft model
Authors: Mei Takanori , Noguchi Hiroshi , Kuraji Ryutaro , Kubo Shinsuke , Sato Yu , Kaku Keizo , Okabe Yasuhiro , Onishi Hideya , Nakamura Masafumi
Published: November 2022

Periodontal disease can alter the intestinal microbiota. Harmful changes to the microbiota are called “dysbiosis” and can induce systemic inflammation and affect transplant immunity. Here we examined the effects of periodontal disease–related intestinal dysbiosis on transplant immunity using a mouse model of allogenic skin graft in which the mice were orally administered the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). The Pg group received Pg orally for 6 weeks, while the control group received phosphate-buffered saline solution orally for 6 weeks. Both groups received allogenic skin grafts. We compared levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (fecal microbiome metabolites) and the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) out of total CD4 + T cells before skin grafting. We performed the allogenic skin transplantation and also assessed skin graft survival. SCFA (acetate and propionate) levels were significantly higher (p = 0.040 and p = 0.005), the ratio of Tregs to total CD4 + T cells in the peripheral blood and spleen was significantly greater (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001) than in the control group. Oral administration of Pg significantly prolonged skin graft survival (p < 0.001). Periodontal pathogen–induced intestinal dysbiosis may affect transplant immunity through increased levels of SCFAs and Tregs.
Energy Formula, Surface geometry and Energy Extraction for Kerr-Sen Black Hole
Authors: Pradhan Parthapratim
Published: November 2022

We evaluate the \emph{surface energy~(${\cal E}_{s}^{\pm}$), the rotational energy~(${\cal E}_{r}^{\pm}$) and the electromagnetic energy~(${\cal E}_{em}^{\pm}$)} for a \emph{charged rotating black hole~(BH) in heterotic string theory} having the event horizon~(${\cal H}^{+}$) and the Cauchy horizon~(${\cal H}^{-}$). Interestingly, we find that the \emph{sum of these three energies is equal to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner~(ADM) mass parameter i.e. ${\cal E}_{s}^{\pm}+{\cal E}_{r}^{\pm}+{\cal E}_{em}^{\pm}={\cal M}$}. Moreover in terms of the \emph{ scale parameter ~$(\zeta_{\pm})$, the distortion parameter~($\xi_{\pm}$) and a new parameter~$(\sigma_{\pm})$} which corresponds to the area~(${\cal A}_{\pm}$), the angular momentum ~$(J)$ and the charge parameter~($Q$), we find that the \emph{ADM mass parameter in a compact form} ${\cal E}_{s}^{\pm}+{\cal E}_{r}^{\pm}+{\cal E}_{em}^{\pm}={\cal M} =\frac{\zeta_{\pm} }{2}\sqrt{\frac{1+2\,\sigma_{\pm}^2}{1-\xi_{\pm}^2}}$%\begin{eqnarray}%{\cal E}_{s}^{\pm}+{\cal E}_{r}^{\pm}+{\cal E}_{em}^{\pm}={\cal M} =\frac{\zeta_{\pm} }{2}%\sqrt{\frac{1+2\,\sigma_{\pm}^2}{1-\xi_{\pm}^2}} \nonumber%\end{eqnarray}which is valid for ${\cal H}^{\pm}$. We also compute the \emph{equatorial circumference and polar circumference} which is a gross measure of the BH surface deformation. It is shown that when the spinning rate of the BH increases, the \emph{equatorial circumference increases} while the \emph{polar circumference decreases}. We show that there exists two class of geometry separated by $\xi_{\pm}=\frac{1}{2}$ for Kerr-Sen BH. In the regime $\frac{1}{2}<\xi_{\pm}\leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$, the Gaussian curvature is negative and there exists \emph{two polar caps} on the surface. While for $\xi_{\pm}<\frac{1}{2}$, the Gaussian curvature is positive and the surface will be an oblate deformed sphere. Furthermore, we compute the exact expression of \emph{rotational energy that should be extracted from the BH via Penrose process}. The maximum value of rotational energy which is extractable should occur for \emph{extremal charged rotating BH in heterotic string theory} i.e. ${\cal E}_{r}^{+}%=\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}\right)\sqrt{2{\cal M}^2-Q^2}=\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\sqrt{\frac{J}{2}}$
Machine learning driven drug repurposing strategy for identification of potential RET inhibitors against non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ramesh Priyanka , Karuppasamy Ramanathan , Veerappapillai Shanthi
Published: November 2022

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide accounting about 85% of total lung cancer cases. The receptor REarranged during Transfection (RET) plays an important role by ligand independent activation of kinase domain resulting in carcinogenesis. Presently, the treatment for RET driven NSCLC is limited to multiple kinase inhibitors. This situation necessitates the discovery of novel and potent RET specific inhibitors. Thus, we employed high throughput screening strategy to repurpose FDA approved compounds from DrugBank comprising of 2509 molecules. It is worth noting that the initial screening is accomplished with the aid of in-house machine learning model built using IC50 values corresponding to 2854 compounds obtained from BindingDB repository. A total of 497 compounds (19%) were predicted as actives by our generated model. Subsequent in silico validation process such as molecular docking, MMGBSA and density function theory analysis resulted in identification of two lead compounds named DB09313 and DB00471. The simulation study highlights the potency of DB00471 (Montelukast) as potential RET inhibitor among the investigated compounds. In the end, the half-minimal inhibitory activity of montelukast was also predicted against RET protein expressing LC-2/ad cell lines demonstrated significant anticancer activity. Collective analysis from our study highlights that montelukast could be a promising candidate for the management of RET specific NSCLC.
Successful pregnancy and delivery in a Chinese female with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Xiao-Tong , Zhou Xing-Yu , Liu Yu-Dong , Wang Zhe , Zhou Lin , Chen Shi-Ling
Published: November 2022

Background
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) in female patients is mainly characterized by short stature, primary amenorrhea, absent or incomplete sexual maturation, and infertility. Successful pregnancies among these patients are still extremely rare. This study was designed to describe a successful pregnancy and delivery in a Chinese female with PSIS following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
Methods
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning of the hypothalamus-pituitary region and genetic analysis of PSIS-associated genes was performed via whole-exome sequencing to identify the potential genetic causes of this disorder. We additionally explored the feasibility to overcome the infertility by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and frozen-thawed embryo transfer under multiple pituitary hormone supplementation.
Results
We found that the 28-year-old Chinese woman with PSIS exhibited characteristic symptoms including multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, typical triad signs in MRI scanning, undetectable serum gonadotropins and estradiol levels, and invisible antral follicles in both ovaries. While no pathogenic/possible pathogenic variants that could or partly explain the typical clinical phenotype of PSIS were found following whole-exome sequencing. At the first attempted controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle, 14 oocytes were retrieved, and 6 embryos were acquired. Artificial endometrial preparation and frozen-thawed embryo transfer were performed one month after oocyte retrieval, and one day-5 blastocyst was transferred, resulting in a clinical pregnancy. Under close monitoring during pregnancy and multiple hormones dosage modulation, she delivered a healthy boy by elective cesarean section and the newborn developed normally under 1-year follow-up.
Conclusions
This is the first report of a successful pregnancy achieved in a woman with PSIS following in vitro fertilization and frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Under continuous hormonal supplementation and pregnancy monitoring, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer might serve as a safe and effective treatment for infertility among PSIS women.
Varve formation in meromictic Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada: important process for characterizing the Anthropocene epoch
Authors: Llew-Williams Brendan M. , McCarthy Francine M.G. , Krueger Andrea M. , Riddick Nicholas L. , MacKinnon Michael , Lafond Krysten M. , Patterson R. Timothy , Nasser Nawaf A. , Head Martin J. , Pisaric Michael , Turner Kevin , Boyce Joseph I. , Brand Uwe
Published: November 2022

Varved sediments in meromictic Crawford Lake consist of dark-light couplets of organic matter (primarily phytoplankton and amorphous organic matter) capped by calcite crystals. The crystals precipitate in the alkaline epilimnion between spring and fall turnover, consistent with Langelier Saturation Index calculations that predict calcite precipitation when pH and temperature exceed 7.76 and ~ 15°C respectively. Climate, primary production, and acid precipitation control lamina thickness: acid precipitation primarily affects the precipitation and accumulation of calcite crystals, whereas both endogenic calcite and authigenic organic matter are affected by climate and primary production. Thin varves, often with barely perceptible light-coloured calcite lamina were deposited between the late 1940s and mid-1970s, when air and water quality were impacted by rapid industrialization. Conditions required for precipitation of calcite laminae were absent during the 16th to mid-19th centuries, an interval corresponding to the Little Ice Age when no human impact occurred in the catchment. Varves dating from 1867 CE onwards (the Canadian Zone) facilitate the candidacy of the deep basin sediments of Crawford Lake to define the Anthropocene epoch.
A new surgical technique for hemostasis in non-missile trauma as a result of sewing needle: a pediatric case report
Authors: Şahin Mehmet Hakan , Zeynal Mete
Published: November 2022

Traumas are the most important cause of mortality in the pediatric population. Bleeding is an important complication especially in traumatic brain injuries with the addition of coagulation problems. Low-velocity penetrating brain injuries have causes such as sewing needles, nails, and knives. There are few studies in the literature for this injury type. We present a surgical technique and treatment we applied to increase hemostasis in a 2-year-old pediatric patient after a sewing needle injury.
Evaluation of efficacy of bioactive compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. in comparison with commercial antibiotics against urinary tract infection bacterial pathogens
Authors: Soliman Mahmoud , Araby Eman
Published: November 2022

Antibiotic resistance is reaching a critical level because only few options are available to treat certain pathogenic bacteria mainly those causing hospital-acquired and community acquired infections, which require new active components of wide spectrum. Streptomyces species have played a critical role as a source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, including antibiotics. The present investigation aimed to study the antibacterial potential of the two Streptomyces sp. (Streptomyces umbrosus M1 and Streptomyces catenulae M6) towards infectious diseases causing bacterial pathogens in comparison with commercial antibiotics. Thirty five isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) samples were isolated, out of them, 13 isolates (37.1 %) showed 100% of antibiotic resistance. The inhibitory effects of extracts from two Streptomyces strains (M1 and M6) showed highly antibacterial activity with different range. Isolates with code number (12 and 29) showed high susceptibility towards two extracts especially M6.The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the extract M6 against Gram positive bacteria displayed MICs ranged from (12.5- 37.5 µg/ml), isolate no 12 had the lowest MIC (12.5 µg/ml). Whereas Gram negative bacteria had the highest MICs values. They documented the MICs in range (25-100 µg/ml), isolate no 29 had the lowest MIC (25 µg/ml). The highly sensitive isolates to the tested extract which had the lowest MIC were identified as Ochrobactrum grignonense and Enterococcus faecalis using 16srRNA. In addition, the scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the inhibitory effect of extract M6 by revealing significant morphological alterations and rupture of the cell membranes of the tested strains. In conclusion: the present work evidenced that the Streptomyces sp. were promising candidate for the treatment of the UTIs pathogens.
CSRP2 Influences cell Stemness and Prognosis in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Zhang Meng-Jie , Liu Jie , Wan Shu-Cheng , Li Jia-Xing , Wang Shuo , Fidele Nyimi Bushabu , Huang Cong-Fa , Sun Zhi-Jun
Published: November 2022

Purpose Cysteine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2), as a newly discovered oncogene, is overexpressed in several cancers. However, the specific role of CSRP2 and its potential mechanism remain incompletely understood in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods The expression of CSRP2 was explored in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and the results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry tissue microarrays and Western blotting in HNSCC. The effect of CSRP2 on the cancer stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HNSCC cells was investigated by sphere formation, wound healing and transwell assays. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanisms by which CSRP2 modulated cancer stemness and EMT phenotypes in HNSCC. Results CSRP2 expression was markedly higher in HNSCC tissues than in non-tumor tissues, high CSRP2 expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Noticeably, overall survival rate of HNSCC patients with high CSRP2 expression level presented worse prognosis. In addition, elevated CSRP2 expression was observed in several HNSCC cell lines and mouse HNSCC cell lines, and CSRP2 knockdown inhibited the sphere formation and apoptosis. Additionally, wound healing and transwell assay results showed that CSRP2 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion ability of the HNSCC cells. Furthermore, we found that CSRP2 was closely associated with CSCs markers (CD44, BMI1 and CD133), EMT-transcription factor (Slug), new oncoprotein LAMTOR5, p-S6Ser235/236and immune checkpoint (VISTA) usingTgfbr1/Ptenconditional knockout mice model and mouse HNSCC cell line-derived xenograft models. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that elevated expression of CSRP2 indicates poor prognosis and plays a key role in maintaining the cancer cell stemness and EMT features during the progression of HNSCC, suggesting that CSRP2 may serve as a new and valuable therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Site-dependent control of polaritons in the Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard model with trapped ions
Authors: Muralidharan Silpa , kenji Toyoda
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the site-dependent control of polaritons in the Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard (JCH) model with trapped ions. In a linear ioncrystal under illumination by optical beams nearly resonant to the red-sideband (RSB) transition for the radial vibrational direction, quasi-particles called polaritonic excitations or polaritons, each being a superposition of one internal excitation and one vibrational quantum(phonon), can exist as conserved particles. Polaritons can freely hop between ion sites in a homogeneous configuration, while their motioncan be externally controlled by modifying the parameters for the optical beams site-dependently. We demonstrate the blockade of polariton hop-ping in a system of two ions by the individual control of the frequency of the optical beams illuminating each ion. A JCH system consisting ofpolaritons in a large number of ion sites can be considered an artificialmany-body system of interacting particles, and the technique intro-duced here can be used to exert fine local control over such a system,enabling detailed studies of both its quasi-static and dynamic properties.
MSC-1DCNN based homogeneous slope stability state prediction method integrated with empirical information
Authors: Jia He , Zhang Sherong , Wang Chao , Wang Xiaohua , Ma Zhonggang , Tan Yaosheng
Published: November 2022

The mechanism of prediction of slope stability is formulated based on its material, geometrical and environmental situation, and the prediction of slope stability has been accepted as a tool for analyzing and predicting future structure stability based on geotechnical properties and failure mechanism. However, the study of slope instability is complex, which is usually difficult to be explained by mathematical methods. The number of slope cases limits the accuracy of slope stability prediction, and the soil or rock parameters of slope are variable, which poses a new challenge for prediction using traditional algorithms. To improve the accuracy of slope stability state prediction, this paper proposes an efficient slope stability state prediction method with the approach of a great robust convolutional neural network named the multi-scale multi-core one-dimensional convolutional neural network (MSC-1DCNN) and substantial Empirical information collected worldwide. Meanwhile, the collected dataset is amplified. Additionally, the probability of failure is calculated by considering the variability of soil or rock parameters. Compared with some state-of-the-art prediction methods, the MSC-1DCNN presents high prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, the proposed method is applied on a slope case, which indicates that our study provides a reliable slope stability state prediction method for homogeneity slope around the world.
Large-scale Dynamics of Radiation Driven Winds with the Re-radiation Effect
Authors: Zhu Yi
Published: November 2022

Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
Previous simulations studying winds only focus on the line force due to the photons from the central active galactic nucleis (AGNs). What the properties of the winds will be when including the re-radiation force due to the scattered and reprocessed photons (i.e., the re-radiation effect)? We perform simulations to study the large-scale dynamics of accretion disk winds driven by radiation line force and re-radiation force. We find that the re-radiation force drives stronger winds during the early stages. When the flows get into the steadiness, the injected winds command a decisive advantage and the re-radiation effect could be negligible. The opening angle of winds narrows as initial gas density increases. The larger the gas density is, the stronger the re-radiation effect will be. For MBH=106Mo, ε=0.3, the outflows do become much stronger with the re-radiation effect and the winds still can not escape from gravitational potential. We find that the detection probability of ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) and the properties of the winds are both consistent with the observations.
Local site effect of soil-rock ground: 1-g shaking table test
Authors: Yuan Yong , Li Siming , Yuan Haitao , Xiao Mingqing , Li Ruohan , Li Ruozhou
Published: November 2022

Construction sites are not generally flat but heterogeneous. It would be of significance to explore the patterns of ground response where soil and rock strata laterally distribute near the ground surface. Shaking table test of scaled free-field model was conducted to investigate the local site effect caused by the influence of soil-rock strata. In this test, model ground with artificial soil and rock was designed to reproduce the dynamic characteristics of the prototype. Recorded earthquake waves and site-specific artificial waves were selected as the bedrock motions inputted from the shaking table, in both transverse (SH wave) and longitudinal (SV wave) directions. Four sites of the ground were classified according to the combination of the soil deposit and the rock. The stranded spectral ratio (SSR) was introduced to identify the fundamental frequency and the amplification amplitude of the four sites. Correspondingly, one-dimension (1D) theoretical analysis was used to clarify the amplification effects affecting by the local constitution at each local site of the ground by comparing the response spectral ratios with the 1D analysis results (Aggravation factor). Site-specific parameters, such as the peak ground acceleration, arias intensity, and acceleration response spectra, were documented with discussions. It was found that the amplifications of locations vary with thickness of soil deposit, nonlinearity of soil property under increasing seismic intensity, and scattering of high-frequency components of input motion.
The unintended impact of environmental regulation on China’s hog sector
Authors: Zheng Xue , Yan Lingxiao , Li Dasheng , Tan Ying
Published: November 2022

In China, environmental regulations in relation to the hog sector are considered a key strategy for reducing pollution; however, these regulations may cause unintended effect that reduce hog production and change the distribution. In this research, we discussed the effect of abrupt campaign-style environmental regulation on the hog industry in China. Using a unique panel of national county-level hog production data, we empirically demonstrate that place-based differentiated environmental regulations lead to an unexpected decline in hog production in some regions. The implementation of central government policy varies in different regions, with restricted development areas subject to stricter environmental regulations compared to key development areas. However, such difference not only exists between provinces, but also within provinces. The results highlight the importance of formulating more refined regulation standards rather than placed-based regulation in China for future reforms, which is essential for maintaining stable production and reducing pollutions at the same time.
Subject classification codes:Q28
Disruption in SLCO5A1 gene by a balanced chromosomal translocation t(1;8)(p32.2;q13). Another evidence of the need for combined haploinsufficiency of genes SLCO5A1 and SULF1 genes as a cause of mesomelia-synostosis syndrome. Clinical and cytogenetic considerations.
Authors: Lima Ingrid Bendas Feres , de Moraes Lúcia de Fátima Marques , Fonseca Carlos Roberto da , Llerena Juan Juan Clinton , Tommerup Niels , Bastos Elenice Ferreira
Published: November 2022

Background: Apparently balanced translocations (ABTs) are a widely used tool for delineating candidate regions for genotype-phenotype correlation of Mendelian diseases, and with the advance of new technologies new methods are emerging to help us in this search.
Case presentation: We presente a patiente with developmental deficit associated with an apparently balanced "de novo"translocation [t(1;8)(p32.2;q13)] Chromosomal microarray analysis detected a non-pathogenic deletionin 15q12 (27,151,153-27, 173,084). Further mate-pair sequencing revealed that the breakpoint 8 is located in the region th at encompasses the SLCO5A1 gene.
Conclusions: Although the SLCO5A1 gene is disrupted by the balanced translocation, our patient does not present clinically for Mesomelia-synostosis syndrome. Our findings seek to elucidate the etiology of this disease and support the hypothesis that combined haploinsufficiency of SULF1 and SLCO5A1 is required.
A Note on Friction Velocity and Viscous Effect for Idealized Urban Canopy Flows
Authors: TIAN Geng , Wan Minping , Chen Shiyi
Published: November 2022

Friction velocity is one of the important scaling parameters in atmospheric boundary layer studies. However, several definitions of friction velocity exist in the literature: e.g. estimated from the total drag force or used only pressure drag, etc. In this study, a series of large-eddy simulation (LES) calculations were carried out to evaluate the impact of various definitions on the friction velocity for idealized urban geometries, i.e. staggered array of cubes with different packing densities and wind directions. We first compared the normalized velocity fields with the literature data for the case with a packing density of 25%. The results show that the LES data normalized by the friction velocity derived from the Reynolds stress using the extrinsic spatial average is more consistent with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. Furthermore, when varying the wind direction, the distribution of Reynolds stress and pressure drag show significant change in streamwise and spanwise directions. We further found that for packing density of 44.44%, the frictional drag accounts for more than a quarter of the total drag, and even higher than the pressure drag in parallel wind direction. This leads to the deviation of friction velocity estimated from the pressure drag and that calculated from the total drag force up to 33%. Such characteristic of viscous effect challenges the assumption widely used in wind tunnel experiments and urban canopy parameterizations that the contribution of viscous force is negligible, especially for ultra-dense arrays.
Hypoxia improves migration and limits the differentiation of rat cardiac stem cells
Authors: Sreeren Deepthi Rajendran Nair
Published: November 2022

The heart harbors a population of resident cardiac stem cells (CSC) that maintain tissue homeostasis. These cells also find application in cell-based therapy, where cardiac stem cells are transplanted as cardiospheres or cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) for myocardial regeneration. Cardiac stem cells are expanded in culture to obtain sufficient numbers for transplantation. On transplantation, cells home into the site of injury and mediate myocardial regeneration. Conventionally, cell cultures are carried out in ambient O2 (21% O2). Stem cells reside in niches where the O2 level is close to 3%. Assuming that maintenance of cells in a milieu that simulates the in-situ conditions will help in the preservation of stem cell attributes, CDCs isolated from adult Wistar rats was cultured in 3% O2 (hypoxia) and compared with CDCs maintained in 20% O2 (normoxia). Expression of c-kit and Nkx 2.5 was higher and cardiac troponin lower in hypoxia, indicating the maintenance of an undifferentiated state. Expression of von Willebrand factor and angiogenic differentiation was higher in cultures maintained in 3% O2 suggesting enhanced vasculogenic potential. Cellular senescence and intracellular reactive oxygen generation (ROS) were lower, and the proliferation rate was higher in CSCs maintained in 3% O2. Enhanced migration, proliferation, and preservation of undifferentiated state lead to the inference that, culture in low oxygen tension can increase the yield of healthy cardiac stem cells for myocardial regeneration.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Aided Direct Torque Control for Induction Motor based on Pulse Width Modulation and Speed Controller
Authors: Suresh S. , karthik B.
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Biophysical and biogeochemical effects of historical and future scenarios of anthropogenic land cover change on climate
Authors: Devaraju N , Tharammal Thejna , Bala G
Published: November 2022

The biophysical (land surface physical characteristics) and biogeochemical (chemical characteristics) effects of land cover change (LCC) contributed substantially to the historical climate change. Future land-use activity is expected to increase to meet the growing demand for food, fiber, and energy with uncertain sign of its effect on net climate change. Here, the relative importance of biophysical and biogeochemical effects of LCC on climate is assessed using the simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) for the historical (1850–2005) and future scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 [2006–2100]). We find that the biophysical effect of LCC in the historical period causes global mean cooling and it dampens the global mean warming due to the biogeochemical effect by ~ 38%. In the three future scenarios, the biophysical effect causes global mean warming and it is ~ 1.5 to 5-fold higher than the warming due to biogeochemical effect, depending on the RCP scenario. Increased albedo due to deforestation and the associated reduction in the absorption of shortwave radiation in temperate region during the historical period contribute dominantly to global mean biophysical cooling. In the RCP scenarios, increases in the shortwave radiation absorption and evapotranspiration in the boreal and temperate regions due to afforestation along with post-harvest regrowth contribute to strong global mean warming. Our results highlight the importance of the biophysical warming effects of LCC in the future scenarios, especially over the northern middle and high-latitude regions. Hence, this study indicate that any comprehensive assessment through land-based mitigation pathways should carefully include the biophysical effects.