bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN)-BASED PREDICTIVE TOOL FOR ESTIMATING LIGHTNING DAMAGE IN COMPOSITES
Authors: NIELSEN DEVIN , LOTT TYLER , DUTTA SOM , LEE JUHYEONG
Published: November 2021

In this study, three artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed with back propagation (BP) optimization algorithms to predict various lightning damage modes in carbon/epoxy laminates. The proposed ANN models use three input variables associated with lightning waveform parameters (i.e., the peak current amplitude, rising time, and decaying time) to predict fiber damage, matrix damage, and through-thickness damage in the composites. The data used for training and testing the networks was actual lightning damage data collected from peer-reviewed published literature. Various BP training algorithms and network architecture configurations (i.e., data splitting, the number of neurons in a hidden layer, and the number of hidden layers) have been tested to improve the performance of the neural networks. Among the various BP algorithms considered, the Bayesian regularization back propagation (BRBP) showed the overall best performance in lightning damage prediction. When using the BRBP algorithm, as expected, the greater the fraction of the collected data that is allocated to the training dataset, the better the network is trained. In addition, the optimal ANN architecture was found to have a single hidden layer with 20 neurons. The ANN models proposed in this work may prove useful in preliminary assessments of lightning damage and reduce the number of expensive experimental lightning tests.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE CURING PROCESS OF EPOXY RESINS AND FIBER COMPOSITES
Authors: MULIANA ANASTASIA
Published: November 2021

This study discusses simulations of the curing process in epoxy and fiberreinforced polymer composites incorporating changes in the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy during curing at various temperatures. A coupled constitutive model that includes an exothermic process from the cross-linking, heat conduction across the specimen and deformations of the specimen from the thermal expansion and shrinkage effects is formulated. The model is used to capture the curing process in the epoxy resin. The coupled constitutive model is then integrated into a micromechanics model of fiber-reinforced composites and used to study the influence of epoxy curing on the formation of residual stresses in the composites. Furthermore, the micromechanics model is also used to predict the macroscopic properties, i.e., elastic moduli, of the cured composites. The model can then be used to understand the influence of processing parameters, i.e., temperatures and pressure, on the formation of residual stresses and their consequences on the overall properties of cured composites.
EFFECTS OF SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS ON MECHANICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVELY BONDED CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES
Authors: RAHMAN MINHAZUR , KOLA GAYATHRI , RABBY MONJUR MORSHED , ELENCHEZHIAN MUTHU RAM PRABHU , QHOBOSHEANE RELEBOHILE GEORGE , VADLAMUDI VAMSEE , REIFSNIDER KENNETH , RAIHAN RASSEL
Published: November 2021

The rapid rise of fiber reinforced composite usage in aircraft, spacecraft and automobile industries made the proper comprehension of repair and joining of these materials a crucial aspect. Adhesive bonding is one of the most advantageous and desirable joining and repair technique for fiber reinforced composites. However, the heterogeneity of fiber reinforced composites and the complex interfacial nature of the adhesive bonds, makes most non-destructive evaluation and assessment techniques ineffective to assess the state of the bond. Different manufacturing and surface preparation techniques impart different surface characteristics to the adherends, hence proper understanding of the state of bonds is dependent upon the characteristics of the adherend surfaces. In this approach, carbon fiber composite adherends with controlled surface modifications were made into lap-shear test specimens using film adhesive. The effects of surface characteristics such as surface roughness and surface free energy of the adherend surfaces, on bond performance are studied. These surface characteristics are found to be an indicator of bond performance and can even be used to explain failure modes. Moreover, the performance of these bonds with varying surface characteristics are analyzed non-destructively by dielectric spectroscopy and compared with the mechanical performance of the bonds.
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF POLYBENZOXAZINE RESIN FOR PROCESS MODELING
Authors: GAIKWAD PRASHIK S. , KRIEG AARON S. , KING JULIA A. , MAIARU MARIANNA , ODEGARD GREGORY M.
Published: November 2021

In this work, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to predict the physical properties (gelation point, mass density, volumetric shrinkage) and mechanical properties (Bulk modulus, Shear modulus, Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s ratio) of a PolyBenzoxazine (PBZ) resin system as a function of crosslinking density. The molecular models are developed using the Reactive Interface Force Field (IFF-R). The results obtained from MD are in good agreement with the experimental data.
WETTING SIMULATIONS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYMER RESINS ON CARBON NANOTUBE SURFACES USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
Authors: BAMANE SWAPNIL , GAIKWAD PRASHIK , RADUE MATTHEW , GOWTHAM S. , ODEGARD GREGORY
Published: November 2021

There is a wide application of carbon nanotube (CNT) based composite materials for structural applications in the aerospace industry. CNT composites are often manufactured with high performance polymer resins as a matrix. Resin wettability with specific reinforcement types is a key parameter in manufacturing CNT composites. Wettability of a liquid resin and reinforcement combination is often measured and quantified by the contact angle. Various experimental methods have been developed to determine the contact angle which can be expensive while working with high-performance resins and CNT materials such as CNT yarns, bundles, or forests. Fortunately, computational simulations can greatly facilitate CNT composite material design by efficiently predicting the contact angle for a wide range of resins. In this study, a molecular dynamics (MD) framework is developed to determine the contact angle value of high-performance polymer resins on aromatic and aliphatic carbon surfaces (Figure 1). It is determined that monomer length and functional groups have a significant impact on the contact angle. Further, based on these results, qualitative deductions of contact angle values of highperformance resins on CNT materials with amorphous carbon content are made.
Sprint Zeal or Sprint Fatigue? The Benefits and Burdens of Agile ISD Practices Use for Developer Well-Being
Authors: Benlian Alexander
Published: November 2021

Are agile information systems development practices (AISDPs), such as pair programming or daily stand-ups, universally beneficial to developer well-being? Given that agile information systems development project success is only as good as its developers’ productiveness, taking care of developer well-being is of utmost importance to organizations. Using daily survey responses of 131 agile developers spread over two workweeks, we show that the daily use of AISDP is a double-edged sword rather than a silver bullet. Although AISDPs can be motivating and activate energy resources on some days, they can be disturbing and deplete energy on others—two stress responses with opposing effects on developer well-being. As a potential antidote to the detrimental effects of AISDP, we investigate the moderating role of information technology (IT) mindfulness, a dynamic trait that captures the mindful usage of IT. We find that IT mindfulness can serve as a facilitator of positive stress responses and as a buffer against negative stress responses. A key takeaway of this study is in finding ways to influence developers (via awareness programs, time-sensitive recovery interventions, or mindfulness practices) to increase the functional and decrease the dysfunctional stress responses from daily AISDP use.
Evaluation of Physicochemical, Functional and Sensory Properties of Carob Pulp Beverage (Ceratonia Siliqua L)
Authors: Achchoub Mouad , Azzouzi Hanane , Elhajji Loubna , Benbati Mohammed , Elfazazi Kaoutar , Salmaoui Souad
Published: November 2021

In Morocco, carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is of considerable socio-economic importance, helping to improve the income of rural populations and to develop the economy of mountain areas. However, the primary use of the carob’s pulp is generally limited in Morocco to animal feed. As a result, the current research suggests a novel pulp-based product designed for human consumption. The main purpose of this work is to characterize a new formulated carob beverage and assess its physicochemical, biochemical, and sensory quality. Two formulas of carob beverages were prepared with two different sugar concentrations (formula A:5 g/100 mL sugar; formula B: 10 g/100 mL sugar). Measurements of pH, titrable acidity, and colour were performed to assess the physicochemical parameters. Total polyphenols and tannins contents were determined as important functional and biochemical parameters. Regarding sensory analysis, preference test, triangle test, hedonic test, and descriptive test, were evaluated. The colour of the two formulations was dark red orange, as determined by chromameter method. For formulae A and B, the titrable acidity was (1.450±0.025) g Citric Acid Equivalent (CAE) /L and (1.450±0.031) CAE g/L, respectively, and the Brix was (11.67±0.22) °Bx and (15.33±0.22) °Bx, respectively. The polyphenols content was (98.8±0.0019) mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) /100 mL for formula A and (97.7000±0.0017) mg GAE/100 mL for formula B. The tannin level was (24.500± 0.027) mg Catechin (CE)/100 mL and (25.400±0.017) mg CE/100 mL for the formula A and formula B samples, respectively. The sensory analysis tests revealed a distinct difference between the two formulae. In fact, the formula B was highly preferred compared to formula A, also the most prominent features in the drink were colour, smell, flavour, and sweetness.
Dual-parameter sensing of refractive index and pressure by dual-polarization microresonators
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yan Zhiruo , Zhang Chen
Published: November 2021

We propose a dual-polarization microring resonator that can simultaneously measure refractive index and pressure. Since the transverse electric (TE) mode and the transverse magnetic (TM) mode of a silicon waveguide have different energy distributions, TE and TM polarization have significant differences in sensitivity to environmental refractive index and pressure changes. Different responses to external refractive index and pressure changes can be obtained by simultaneously exciting TE and TM modes in a microring resonator. The refractive index sensitivities obtained in the experiment were 132.97 and 40.54 nm/RIU; the pressure sensitivities were 1.41 and 1.59 pm/KPa, respectively. By inversion of the second-order sensitivity matrix, it is verified that the effective refractive index and pressure response can be obtained simultaneously through a single measurement to realize the dual-parameter sensing of the surrounding refractive index and the pressure of the device structure.
Noninterpolated frequency-domain imaging algorithm for near-field OS-BiSAR in the millimeter-wave band
Authors: Chen Xu , Wang Hongqiang , Yang Qi , Zeng Yang , Deng Bin
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a frequency-domain imaging algorithm for near-field one-stationary bistatic synthetic aperture radar (OS-BiSAR) in the millimeter-wave (mmW) band. During the image reconstruction process, the interpolation procedure introduced by traditional fast imaging algorithm is avoided. By appropriately decomposing and approximating the nonlinear phase in frequency-domain echo, only multiplication and fast Fourier transform operations are carried out to achieve the lowest computational load. In addition, this method takes the propagation attenuation into consideration, which leads to a better imaging quality than the improved range migration algorithm for distant targets. Both simulation and measurement results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method on high-precision real-time imaging.
Estimation of reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance of cosmetic foundation layer on skin using translucency of skin
Authors: Yoshida Kenichiro , Okiyama Natsuko
Published: November 2021

We developed a method to estimate the reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance of a layer of cosmetic foundation (FD) applied to skin from the reflectance of bare skin and FD applied to skin under two measurement conditions using the translucency of skin. Conversely, using the relationship between the applied amount of FD and the reflectance of the FD layer, the applied amount could be estimated. These values could be measured stably regardless of the similarity of reflectance and color between bare skin and made-up skin. The measured values were taken from actual skin, which satisfies the condition of actual usage.
Minimally invasive sampling to identify leprosy patients with a high bacterial burden in the Union of the Comoros
Authors: Braet Sofie Marijke , van Hooij Anouk , Hasker Epco , Fransen Erik , Wirdane Abdou , Baco Abdallah , Grillone Saverio , Ortuno-Gutierrez Nimer , Assoumani Younoussa , Mzembaba Aboubacar , Corstjens Paul , Rigouts Leen , Geluk Annemieke , de Jong Bouke Catherine
Published: November 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed diagnosis of leprosy (also known as Hansen’s disease) entirely based on clinical cardinal signs, without microbiological confirmation, which may lead to late or misdiagnosis. The use of slit skin smears is variable, but lacks sensitivity. In 2017–2018 during the ComLep study, on the island of Anjouan (Union of the Comoros; High priority country according to WHO, 310 patients were diagnosed with leprosy (paucibacillary = 159; multibacillary = 151), of whom 263 were sampled for a skin biopsy and fingerstick blood, and 260 for a minimally-invasive nasal swab. In 74.5% of all skin biopsies and in 15.4% of all nasal swabs, M. leprae DNA was detected. In 63.1% of fingerstick blood samples, M. leprae specific antibodies were detected with the quantitative αPGL-I test. Results show a strong correlation of αPGL-I IgM levels in fingerstick blood and RLEP-qPCR positivity of nasal swabs, with the M. leprae bacterial load measured by RLEP-qPCR of skin biopsies. Patients with a high bacterial load (≥50,000 bacilli in a skin biopsy) can be identified with combination of counting lesions and the αPGL-I test. To our knowledge, this is the first study that compared αPGL-I IgM levels in fingerstick blood with the bacterial load determined by RLEP-qPCR in skin biopsies of leprosy patients. The demonstrated potential of minimally invasive sampling such as fingerstick blood samples to identify high bacterial load persons likely to be accountable for the ongoing transmission, merits further evaluation in follow-up studies.
Classroom Action Research on Thematic-Designed Online Learning for Contemporary Japanese Literature
Authors: Nurdiniyah Hayun , Askho Wafa' Hanim , Artadi Ari
Published: November 2021

This study aims to implement contemporary Japanese literature learning with thematic designs as a learning strategy for 60 students in literary study classes (Poetry, Prose, and Drama) at Darma Persada University that were conducted online during the pandemic. This study was conducted using Kurt Lewin's Classroom Action Research model consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting; particularly for the observing section, the assessment was measured using two indicators based on students’ understanding of the material and satisfaction with online learning. Data was collected using questionnaires and filled out via google form. The findings of this study indicate the level of student understanding of the material, the constraints of online learning, and feedback from experts. The findings are useful for improving Japanese literature learning, to be more precisely during the online course
Preschool aged child’s literacy experience through everyday play in the home: A creative pathway to early literacy learning.
Authors: Ojo Nanbam Y. , Ekanem Inibehe E.
Published: November 2021

Two major events have brought research on preschool aged children to the centre of educational research in Nigeria. First, Nigeria is a signatory to the United Nations Convention, which is leading a campaign for the adoption and ratification of the Rights of the child. Secondly, the introduction of early childhood education in tertiary teacher training programmes has pointed to the need for quality research in the diverse fields of early childhood studies. One area that is yet to receive enough research attention relates to doing early literacy research in the home, in particular, with preschool aged children in the context of play.  Using the empirical context of a six-week study of a 4-year-old preschool child in her home in Jos Plateau State, this paper studies how the child’s engagement in play enriched her early literacy learning. The study adopts participant observation and interview methods to collect data from multiple sources in the child’s home. Theoretically, the study is framed on an eco-cultural approach on child-initiated play and learning with accessible literacy resources. The theoretical framework enabled the identification of the learning opportunities in the home and the child’s capacity to act independently. It was also useful for studying the parents’ ethnotheories and support for learning in the home. Using thematic analysis, the findings indicate the child was critically engaged with hybrid traditions of literacy- texts and representations. The paper has implications for policy on partnering with parents for children’s literacy development.
A Review of the Iris Recognition Methods Used for the Individual Authentication
Authors: Abdo Amina A. , Lawgali Ahmed O. , Abdalla Mohamed
Published: November 2021

The automatic iris recognition has become one of the most important techniques for authenticating the identity of individuals. The analysis of human iris is a reliable tool for the individual authentication due to the iris structure. Iris patterns constitute one of the uniqueness, permanence, and performance biometric traits. Moreover, the iris is considered as not easily tampered biometric traits. Therefore, this paper considers investigating the common automated methods of iris recognition. It surveys the development of utilizing iris images as an authentication means through the explanation of the historical improvement of the processes of the iris analysis. The contribution of this paper is to provide readers with huge information collected and discussed from more than 40 papers of iris recognition studies which have been published in a period of more than 20 years.
Image spaces. Digital visual media in the context of baroque mural painting in architecture
Authors: Drozdowicz Piotr P.
Published: November 2021

In the art of the 20th century, space became the basic material. Today, digital media and VR and AR technologies are used to cross the visual and space barriers, but always at the expense of experiencing reality. The spatial turn in culture results from the post-avant-garde ideas of art that cuts itself off from ancient art. Using the example of the fresco by Andrea del Pozzo from the Sant’Ignazio church in Rome, we will show analogies between baroque illusionist painting and digital visual media. It turns out that contemporary art arrives at the space issues that have been practiced in architecture and art since antiquity. The space created by painting illusion as a total work of art exhibits many features of contemporary art and the phenomena of VR and AR such as intermediality, immersion, interactivity. Spatial turn arguments can be used to enhance the potential of classic painting language in architecture.
Cubic-quartic optical soliton perturbation with Fokas–Lenells equation by semi-inverse variation
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University, 31 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow-115409, Russian Federation, Biswas A. ,   King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia,   Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa-0204, Pretoria, South Africa,   Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762-4900, USA, Dakova A. ,   Physics and Technology Faculty, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria,   Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradcko Shossee, 1784 Soda, Bulgaria, Khan S. ,   Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762-4900, USA, Ekici M. ,   Yozgat Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey, Moraru L. ,   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008, Romania, Belic M.R. ,   Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Serbia
Published: November 2021

This paper recovers cubic-quartic bright optical solitons with perturbed Fokas–Lenells equation. The Hamiltonian perturbation terms appear with maximal permissible intensity. The semi-inverse variational principle is employed to retrieve such solitons.
PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA E PARTICIPAÇÃO ELEITORAL: UMA RELAÇÃO PARA ALÉM DO DIREITO AO VOTO
Authors: Martins Piccolo Gustavo , Gonçalves Mendes Eniceia
Published: November 2021

O presente texto analisa o cenário referente às eleições brasileiras de 2020, no que diz respeito à participação de pessoas com deficiência. Utiliza a base de dados do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, estratificando os números eleitorais em 04 grupamentos: eleitorado, candidaturas, comparecimento e sucesso eleitoral. Os resultados encontrados destacam significativas distorções quanto ao número do eleitorado e baixa representatividade no que se refere aos registros de candidaturas e sucesso eleitoral de pessoas com deficiência. Finaliza salientando que a ocupação de postos eletivos exerce efeito catalisador à criação e ampliação de políticas públicas que promovam acessibilidade, incrementem direitos sociais e, efetivamente, melhorem a vida das pessoas com deficiência. Trata-se de estudo empírico o qual agrega contribuições à literatura sobre representação política, inclusão política de minorias e, aos estudos sociais, que já analisa os vieses de representação de gênero e raça a relevante e, ainda pouco debatida, temática referida à pessoa com deficiência.
Apoyo a los subsistemas de talento humano, selección y reclutamiento a partir de un sistema experto. Caso de estudio
Authors: Matute-Pinos Karina , Bojorque-Chasi Rodolfo
Published: November 2021

La gestión de talento humano es un factor fundamental en el éxito de las organizaciones. La inclusión en el entorno laboral de las personas con discapacidad ha ayudado a potenciar sus cualidades y a aprovechar su talento. Muchos de los sistemas de gestión de talento humano carecen de directrices para el reclutamiento y selección de una persona con discapacidad, es por eso por lo que el presente trabajo muestra el estudio realizado a estos dos procesos indicando los factores que influyen en la asignación o no de un cargo, donde de cada candidato es considerando el nivel y tipo de discapacidad, nivel de estudios, experiencia, capacitación entre otros aspectos, enfocándose en la tarea de aplicar técnicas de aprendizaje supervisado que permitan clasificar a un candidato con discapacidad para un puesto de trabajo como apto o no y técnicas de aprendizaje no supervisado como el clustering que ayuda a definir patrones ocultos en los datos si los hubiera. El resultado obtenido del estudio presenta varias técnicas de clasificación y la selección de la más adecuada para el conjunto de datos en cuestión, igualmente mediante técnicas de aprendizaje no supervisado se determina cuántos clústeres representativos se identifican en los datos. No se busca que se integren las personas a través de las discapacidades, sino todo lo contrario, que se integren las personas por medio de la potencialidad de todas sus capacidades.
ПРЕДВЫБОРНАЯ АГИТАЦИЯ В СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЯХ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Брикульский Иван Александрович
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы правового регулирования предвыборной агитации в социальных сетях, проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ правовых и корпоративных норм соцсетей. Агитация в соцсетях рассматривается как самостоятельный правовой режим агитации, отличный от интернет-агитации и от аудиовизуальных агитационных материалов.
ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ОБЪЕКТОВ АВТОРСКОГО ПРАВА
Authors: Садыкова Джыпаргуль Джалиловна
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены вопросы регистрации объектов авторского права в Кыргызской Республике и использования цифровых технологий при регистрации произведений.
Increased Motivation To Learn By Using Learning Model Learning Community Students Mathematics Education
Authors: Sumargiyani Sumargiyani , Habibi Habibi , Nafi’ah Bidayatun
Published: November 2021

This Research aims to increase the motivation of students in differential calculus learning using the Learning Community model in the class B Mathematics Education Program of Ahmad Dahlan University academic year 2018/2019, totaling 28 students. This type of research is a class action study consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection phases. The instrument used in this study is an observation sheet. The results showed that the student's learning motivation increased as demonstrated by the increased motivation of learning students from Cycle 1 which was 76.5 percent in the high category, while in Cycle 2 increased to 81.5 percent in the class very High. It can be concluded that using learning Model Learning Community can improve the cultivation of teaching differential calculus of class B students UAD mathematics education.
Практические рекомендации по лекарcтвенному лечению мелкоклеточного рака легкого. Злокачественные опухоли
Authors: Чубенко В. А. , Бычков М. Б. , Деньгина Н. В. , Кузьминов А. Е. , Сакаева Д. Д. , Семенова А. И.
Published: November 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лечению рака предстательной железы
Authors: Носов Д. А. , Волкова М. И. , Гладков О. А. , Карабина Е. В. , Крылов В. В. , Матвеев В. Б. , Митин Т. , Попов А. М.
Published: November 2021

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The	Role of Simulated Patient in Physiotherapy Education: A Review Article
Authors: Javaherian Mohammad , Dabbaghipour Narges , Khabaz Mafinejad Mahboobeh , Ghotbi Nastaran , Khakneshin Amir Ali , Attarbashi Moghadam Behrouz
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Using Simulated Patients (SPs) in clinical skills education is a common method of training students to improve their skills for future client encounters. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the SP strategy in Physical Therapy (PT) education.
Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from January 1980 up to November 2019. Different keywords related to the topic were selected using MeSH. Any types of quantitative study design which had used simulation-based learning in physical therapy were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers read studies and appraised them critically.
Results: A total of 1049 abstracts were retrieved and after reviewing the full-text paper, 11 full- text articles met the inclusion criteria. These studies had used simulated patients for various objectives, including replicate different aspects of knowledge, self-perceived skills, real clinical practice, attitudes, and feasibility. Based on the result of studies, SP as an educational technique can improve student’s clinical reasoning skills, communication, and motivation in  a safe environment.
Conclusion: SP is a useful learning strategy to deliver learning activities in medical education and physical therapy curricula, facilitating feedback on students’ performance with opportunities to interact with real patients and environments.
Investigating the Range of Motion and Balance Symmetry Between the Dominant and Non-dominant Arms in the Classic Female Wrestlers
Authors: Sayyadi Parisa , Sheikhhoseini Rahman
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Range of Motion (ROM) and balance symmetry between dominant and non-dominant arms in classic female wrestlers.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 13 members of the Iranian Women’s National Classic Wrestling Team participated voluntarily. The shoulder ROM was measured by a goniometer and dynamic balance was assessed by the Y-balance test. Data analysis was done by running a paired t-test, with a 0.95 confidence level (α<0.05).
Results: There was no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant upper extremities in flexion (P=0.162), extension (P=0.264), abduction (P=0.077), internal rotation (P=0.972), and external rotation (0.945). A significant difference was found in the Y-balance test in medial (P=0.026) and inferior-lateral directions (P=0.047), but no significant difference in superior-lateral direction (P=0.715) and composite score (P=0.071).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that the balance in the dominant arm is better than that in non-dominant arm in the athletes so the non-dominant arm may be at more risk for injury development. We, therefore, recommend that the coaches and trainers pay particular attention to these findings in designing the injury prevention programs.
Ultrasonography Method of Deep Cervical Muscles and Thickness Measurement Reliability in Cervicogenic Headache and Healthy Subjects:APilot Study
Authors: Abaspour Omolbanin , Akbari Mohammad , Rezasoltani Asghar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In Cervicogenic Headache (CGH), motor control of muscles is impaired and deep upper neck muscles (extensor and flexor muscles) become atrophied. In this research, thickness measurement of Longus Capitis (LCap), Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (RCPM), and Obliquus Capitis Superior (OCS) muscles were conducted and intra-rater reliability of the thickness measurement of these muscles was assessed in CGH and healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects, including 10 healthy subjects (19-32 years old) and 10 CGH patients (20-35 years old) participated in this study. LCap thickness was measured at the level of C3-C4 in the supine position and posterior muscles (RCPM and OCS) thickness at the C1-C2 level in the sitting position. All ultrasound images were captured by a linear probe with a 50-mm footprint in B mode option and frequency range of 9-12 Hz. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), Standard Error Of Measurement (SEM), and the Smallest Detectable Difference (SDD) were calculated for data analysis.
Results: The ICC for thickness measurement of LCap was from 0.70 to 0.91 (good to excellent), for RCPM thickness was from 0.69 to 0.94 and for OCS muscle thickness was from 0.87 to 0.98. SEM values for LCap were between 0.08 and 0.25 and the SDD values between 0.22 and 0.71. SEM values for RCPM were between 0.22 and 0.43 and these values were reported for OCS muscle between 0.19 and 0.45.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the presented position and the level of ultrasonography in this study are appropriate and ultrasound is a reliable tool to measure the deep upper neck muscle thickness in CGH and healthy subjects.
Translation, Reliability Assessment, and Validation of the Persian Version of MedRisk Instrument for Measuring Patient Satisfaction With Physical Therapy Care (20-Item MRPS)
Authors: Abdolalizadeh Mahboobeh , Ghodrati Maryam , Saeedi Ahmad , Kamyab Hossein , Rayeni Nejad Ali Rezaie
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the 20-item version of the MedRisk.
Materials and Methods: In our study, we used a cross-sectional and prospective validation study design. This research was a test development study involving 297 outpatients with musculoskeletal disorders from the physiotherapy centers in Kerman City, Iran, in 2017. All patients completed the MedRisk instrument for measuring patient satisfaction with physical therapy care. Participants also answered a demographic questionnaire, visual analog score, and global rating of change. Internal consistency and reproducibility were investigated, too. To determine test-retest reliability, 40 randomly selected patients completed the MedRisk instrument again 5-7 days after their treatment. Factor analysis, divergent validity, convergent validity, and the floor and ceiling effects were tested, too. The Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, reviewed and approved this research project. The SPSS software-24 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Dimension of MedRisk demonstrated a high internal consistency (the Cronbach alpha=0.82). Reproducibility was also satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.76). The standard error of measurement, minimal detectable changes, and coefficients of variation indices were respectively 0.63, 1.76, and 0.13 for the total score. In factor analysis, the 4-factor solution has emerged. The external validity testing revealed that the MedRisk instrument score correlated negatively with the visual analog scale (r=-0.18, P=0.002) and global rating of change (r=-0.19, P=0.001). Eighteen individual items of MedRisk were positively correlated with global satisfaction. The results showed that items 5 and 7 had a floor effect, and all other items except items 4, 5, and 7 had a ceiling effect.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the MedRisk instrument is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring patient satisfaction with physical therapy and can be used in a clinical setting.
The Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone Hormones on Active Hip Joint Position Sense in Healthy Women in Different Phases of a Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Mosavi Ghomi Maliheh , Shariati Mehrdad , Mokhtari Mokhtar , Ramezani Nowrozani Fatemeh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The proprioceptive system is a sensory system based on an individual’s knowledge of his or her body. This knowledge is transmitted to the brain through inputs received from joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. As a result, these inputs inadvertently inform the brain of the state of the body’s muscles. Numerous factors can affect this system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of estrogen and progesterone hormones on understanding and recognizing the proprioceptive sense of hip joint in healthy women during the menstrual cycle.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 15 healthy women participated voluntarily. They had regular menstrual cycles without any history of disease and drug use. The concentration of estrogen and progesterone during a cycle in the follicular (4-6 days), ovulation, and luteal phases were evaluated to detect their effects on the sense of perception and cognition of the proprioceptive joint in the two movements of abduction and flexion by the target angle reconstruction method (30°).
Results: The errors of active joint position sense were reduced in abduction and flexion during ovular and luteal phases compared to the follicular phase. However, in the flexion direction of hip movement, there was a significant difference in absolute error during hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle (P=0.000).
Conclusion: The results showed that due to more involvement of motor control of hip muscles joint by motor neuron activity (increase release of estrogen hormone), all errors reduced in ovular and luteal phases compared to the follicular phase. The flexion movement is more disturbed, and due to more flexibility in this direction, absolute errors are significantly reduced. This reduction of errors in ovular and luteal phases compared to the regular stage of hormone release (follicular phase) may cause some rigidity in the hip joint and an increase of trauma  in external mechanical forces. This study’s findings showed that the lowest proprioception sensation is in the follicular phase. Decreasing the concentration of sex hormones in this phase is likely to reduce the sense of recognition of the joint, thus increasing the likelihood of injury in this phase. Findings from this study showed that the lowest proprioceptic sensation is in  the follicular phase. The results of this study showed that the least sense is Prvpryvsptyk in Fazfvlykvlar.
Evaluate the Immediate Effect of High- power Pain Threshold Ultrasound on Treatment of Upper Trapezius Active Myofascial Trigger Points
Authors: Sadeghnia Mehrdad , Shadmehr Azadeh , Hadian Rasanani Mohammadreza , Mir Seyed Mohsen , Jalaei Shohreh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The most critical clinical presentation in myofascial pain syndrome is trigger points. Trigger points are the main problem in 30% of the patients presenting to general internal medicine practice. One of the treatments used for trigger points is ultrasound therapy. The high- power pain threshold ultrasound (HPPTUS) technique is one of the therapeutic ultrasound modifications used to treat trigger points. The present randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the immediate effect of high-power pain threshold ultrasound on treating active trigger points of the upper trapezius muscle in men with mechanical neck pain.
Materials and Methods: Fourteen men with mechanical neck pain (Mean±SD age: 34.50±5.24 years) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in this study. The visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and range of motion of cervical lateral flexion (CLF) were assessed before and after the treatment. The ultrasound probe was placed on the trigger point. The frequency was set to 1 MHz, and the intensity increased from 0.5 to 2 until the patient reported an unpleasant sensation. The probe was held there for 4 seconds. Then, the intensity was reduced by 50%, and the probe was moved over and around the trigger point. This process was done several times for three minutes.
Results: Analysis of pre-treatment and post-treatment findings showed that the VAS (P<0.001), PPT (P=0.001), and CLF (P<0.001) improved significantly after applying the HPPTUS to trigger points.
Conclusion: Ultrasound significantly improved the muscular symptoms of the trigger points.
Depression Associated With COVID-19 and its Impact on Physical Activities of Young Adults of Pakistan
Authors: Samejo Bakhtawar , Bibi Noonari Sajida , Munir Memon Sikander , Noor Dua-e-
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses with unknown etiology, which firstly appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. All educational institutes of Pakistan were completely closed from March 13, 2020, to August 15, 2020. This condition disturbs the daily routines of children with mental health needs. This sudden closure limited their physical activities in their routine life. This study aims to observe the depression associated with COVID-19 and its impact on the physical activities of young adults of Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 young adults. A modified depression scale was used to assess depression, and the revised physical activity questionnaire was used to evaluate the physical activity of Pakistani young adults in the past month.
Results: About 57.8% of the samples were sometimes  sad; 44.5% sometimes  felt grouchy in the mood; 43.8% never felt hopeless about the future. Also, 32.6% sometimes slept less or more than usual, 35.9% sometimes had difficulty concentrating on their work, 48.7% slept 6-8 hours per day. Besides, 49% engaged 1-3 hours in work or study per day; 43.2% watched TV, sat quietly, or listened to music for 1-3 hours. About 57.8% engaged less than 1 hour per week in light physical activities. Also, 77.9% engaged for less than 1 hour per week in moderately strenuous activities.
Conclusion: Depression could be highly associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, and it might affect the physical activities of young adults.
Garnizon Kamieńca Podolskiego do końca XVI wieku
Authors: Hanskyi Oleh
Published: November 2021

Miasto-twierdza Kamieniec Podolski w czasach wczesnonowożytnych cieszył się wspaniałymi dla obronności warunkami naturalnymi oraz dobrze rozlokowanymi fortyfikacjami. Historię nie tworzą zaś kamienie, lecz ludzie, więc bezpieczeństwo miasta zależało przede wszystkim od zbrojnych mających bronić miasta i jego mieszkańców. Kamieniec Podolski, będąc twierdzą o strategicznym znaczeniu, położoną na szlakach handlowych oraz nadzorując południową granicę królestwa, był stale narażony na ataki tatarskie, mołdawskie i tureckie. Z tego powodu potrzebował stałej obsady żołnierskiej. Składała się ona z piechoty, której głównym zadaniem była obrona murów, a także służba wartownicza i policyjna. Z kolei jazdę wykorzystywano przede wszystkim do działań rozpoznawczych, pilnowania szlaków i przeprowadzania szybkich wypadów na nieprzyjaciela. W mieście znajdowała się też artyleria – przydatna podczas walk oblężniczych.
Warszawa w obliczu sowieckiego najazdu w 1920 roku
Authors: Załęczny Jolanta
Published: November 2021

Warszawa, choć nie była bezpośrednio terenem walk podczas wojny 1920 roku, odegrała w niej ważną rolę. Miasto było miejscem funkcjonowania najważniejszych instytucji: Rady Obrony Państwa, Obywatelskiego Komitetu Wykonawczego Obrony Państwa, a przede wszystkim zapleczem działań militarnych i aprowizacyjnych. Społeczność stolicy jak zwykle nie zawiodła. Do punktów werbunkowych do Armii Ochotniczej przybywali kolejni ochotnicy, na rozkaz gen. Hallera zgłaszali się harcerze. Mieszkańcy stolicy organizowali pomoc dla walczących, intensywnie pracowały szpitale. Warszawska ulica była miejscem agitacji oraz propagandy. Temu celowi służyły plakaty i odezwy. Pogrzeby poległych w walkach z bolszewikami stawały się manifestacjami patriotycznymi. O wszelkich działaniach szeroko informowała warszawska prasa, komentowali je mieszkańcy i obserwatorzy wydarzeń w pamiętnikach, a z perspektywy czasu we wspomnieniach. Analiza różnych źródeł pozwala na nakreślenie interesującego obrazu stolicy podczas działań wojennych 1920 roku.
Estetyka ewolucyjna: między uniwersalizmem a adaptacją
Authors: Przybysz Piotr
Published: November 2021

The publication of Jerzy Luty’s book is a very good opportunity to look at the achievements of contemporary evolutionary aesthetics. In Jerzy Luty’s book one can find not only a successful and accurate presentation of the views of E. Dissaneyake and D. Dutton, but also the discussion of a number of difficult problems arising from the analysis of the nature and function of art from the evolutionary point of view. One such problem is undoubtedly the problem of the universalism of art, while another is the problem of art as adaptation. In the paper, I discuss and analyse the original solutions to the problems of universalism and the adaptive nature of art proposed by the author of the discussed book.
Sztuka i adaptacja. Adoracja, aberracja, abominacja
Authors: Huculak Łukasz
Published: November 2021

The text, commenting on The Art Instinct: Beauty, Pleasure, and Human Evolution by Denis Dutton, and the premises contained in it that aesthetic preferences derive from individual and social adaptation mechanisms, will attempt to consider the aspect of the usefulness of art less emphasised by Denis Dutton as a tool for developing and deepening individual perceptual competences. The effective functioning of the nervous system, including efficient handling of individual senses (i.e. the degree of sensitivity to stimuli) and the ability to critically analyse them, provides organisms not only with spatial orientation, but also allows them to plan and predict potential cause-effect sequences.
Rola ascetyzmu w antropologii filozoficznej Henryka Elzenberga
Authors: Płoszczyniec Antoni
Published: November 2021

The aim of this article is the reconstruction, analysis and presentation of Henryk Elzenberg’s philosophy of the human being, with particular emphasis on his concept of asceticism. Elzenberg’s philosophical anthropology is based on the pessimistic evaluation of reality, which itself is founded on the negative evaluation of human nature. Human nature is corrupt because of the primary will of humanity, which is selfish and self-seeking and which strives only for utilitarian values. The overcoming of pessimism is possible by the transformation of self-seeking will, and asceticism is a remedy which enables human beings to see and realise true, perfectionist values. Asceticism can overcome basic instincts, which pull human nature down to the animal-like state of being. In Elzenberg’s philosophical anthropology, asceticism creates culture and culture grants humanity to humans, which is a trope similar to the ancient conception of paideia.
UJI FUNGISTATIK EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) TERHADAP Candida albicans
Authors: Rahmah Nurul , KN Aditya Rahman
Published: November 2021

Betel (Piper betle L.) leaves are usually used by Indonesian people to treat candidacies and sprue. Such infections are commonly caused by Candida albicans. This research aim is to test antifungal effect of betel leaves towards C. albicans and determine in which concentration that it can affect the yeast. The result shows that the betel extract significantly affecting C. albicans cell number in concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The extracts also significantly affecting its dry weight of C. albicans in concentration of 80% and 100%.
Karakterisasi Cendawan pada Tanah Serpentin Daerah Mandiangin Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Imaningsih Witiyasti
Published: November 2021

Serpentine soil is the land that is characterized by many heavy metal content. Three (3) genera of fungi were isolated from serpentine soil Mandiangin. Aspergillus genus with 4 species, 3 species of Penicillium and Trichoderma (2 species). Mandiangin serpentine soil areas containing nickel and chromium by an average of 3630 ug / g dry weight of soil and the average chromium content reached 828.73 ug / g dry weight soil.
Pengaruh Giberelin Dan Temperatur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griffith.)
Authors: Sinay Hermalina
Published: November 2021

Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griffith), is one of the fruit plants belongs to family Anacardiaceae. Young fruits of gandaria are normally consumed as salad, while mature fruits are consumed as fresh fruit or juice. Recently, the population of gandaria is getting less due to  people activity of cutting trees for housing. On the other hand, this activity is not followed by  replanting new plants for maintaning this species.   Naturally, the seed of gandaria can germinate and grow, but its growth is slow. Treatments with cold or warm stratification, acid and organic solution or  growth hormones can be applied to promote germination. Gibberellins is one of growth hormones that can promote seed germination. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of gibberellins and temperature on seedling growth of gandaria. Samples  used in this research were  mature fruits of gandaria taken from Lateri Ambon. Variables measured were the speed of seedling emergence, plant height, and leaf number. Factorial pattern of  complete randomized block design was used in this research  with the first factor were gibberellins concentrations which consist of 4 levels 0 ; 0,2 ; 0,4 and 0,8 ppm , and the second factor were temperature which consist of 3 levels 40C, 290C and 370C, each combination treatment with three replication. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at the significant level of 5%.  The results showed that gibberellins and temperature significantly increased  the speed of seedling emergence, plant height, and leaf number with the highest value obtained in 0,2 ppm gibberellin at temperature 4oC treatment.  The highest value of seedling emergence was obtained in 0,4 ppm of gibberellins concentration at temperature 40C treatment. It can be concluded that the best  quality and quantity of seedling was obtained in treatment of 0,2 ppm gibberellin concentration at temperature 4oC .