bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problem opioid use and HIV primary care engagement among hospitalized people who use drugs and/or alcohol
Authors: Critchley Lacey , Carrico Adam , Gukasyan Natalie , Jacobs Petra , Mandler Raul N. , Rodriguez Allan E. , del Rio Carlos , Metsch Lisa R. , Feaster Daniel J.
Published: June 2020

Background

There is growing public health concern around the potential impact of the opioid crisis on efforts to eradicate HIV. This secondary analysis seeks to determine if those who report opioids as their primary problem drug compared to those who report other drugs and/or alcohol differ in engagement in HIV primary care among a sample of hospitalized people with HIV (PWH) who use drugs and/or alcohol, a traditionally marginalized and difficult to engage population key to ending the HIV epidemic.

Setting and participants

A total of 801 participants (67% male; 75% Black, non-Hispanic; mean age 44.2) with uncontrolled HIV and reported drug and/or alcohol use were recruited from 11 hospitals around the U.S. in cities with high HIV prevalence from 2012 to 2014 for a multisite clinical trial to improve HIV viral suppression.

Methods

A generalized linear model compared those who reported opioids as their primary problem drug to those who reported other problem drugs and/or alcohol on their previous engagement in HIV primary care, controlling for age, sex, race, education, income, any previous drug and/or alcohol treatment, length of time since diagnosis, and study site.

Results

A total of 95 (11.9%) participants reported opioids as their primary problem drug. In adjusted models, those who reported opioids were significantly less likely to have ever engaged in HIV primary care than those who reported no problem drug use (adjusted risk ratio, ARR = 0.84, 95% Confidence Interval, CI 0.73, 0.98), stimulants (ARR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74, 0.95), and polydrug use but no alcohol (ARR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.68, 0.93). While not statistically significant, the trend in the estimates of the remaining drug and/or alcohol categories (alcohol, cannabis, polydrug use with alcohol, and [but excluding the estimate for] other), point to a similar phenomena—those who identify opioids as their primary problem drug are engaging in HIV primary care less.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that for hospitalized PWH who use drugs and/or alcohol, tailored and expanded efforts are especially needed to link those who report problem opioid use to HIV primary care.

Trial registration This study was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant: U10-DA01372011 (Project HOPE—Hospital Visit as Opportunity for Prevention and Engagement for HIV-Infected Drug Users; Metsch); which is also a registered clinical trial under the Clinical Trials Network (CTN-0049). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
An improved quadrilateral shell element based on the Hu–Washizu functional
Authors: Wagner Werner , Gruttmann Friedrich
Published: June 2020

In this paper a robust and effective 4-node shell element for the structural analysis of thin structures is described. A Hu–Washizu functional with independent displacements, stress resultants and shell strains is the variational basis of the theory. Based on a previous paper an additional interpolation part using quadratic shape functions is introduced for the independent shell strains. Especially for unstructured meshes this leads to an improved convergence behavior. The expanded element formulation proves to be insensitive to mesh distortion. Another well-known feature of the mixed hybrid element is the robustness in nonlinear applications with large deformations.
A novel mechanism of phenotypic heterogeneity in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Authors: Nemani Satish K. , Xiao Xiangzhu , Cali Ignazio , Cracco Laura , Puoti Gianfranco , Nigro Massimiliano , Lavrich Jody , Bharara Singh Anuradha , Appleby Brian S. , Sim Valerie L. , Notari Silvio , Surewicz Witold K. , Gambetti Pierluigi
Published: June 2020

One of remarkable features of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the great phenotypic variability. Understanding the molecular basis of this variability has important implications for the development of therapeutic approaches. It is well established that, in many cases, phenotypic heterogeneity of sCJD is under control of two determinants: the genotype at the methionine (M)/valine (V) polymorphic codon 129 of the human prion protein gene and the type, 1 or 2, of the pathogenic and disease-related form of the prion protein, PrPD. However, this scenario fails to explain the existence of distinct heterozygous sCJDMV2 subtypes, where heterogeneity occurs without any variation of the 129 allotype and PrPD type. One of these subtypes, denoted sCJDMV2C, associated with PrPD type 2, is characterized by widespread spongiform degeneration of the cerebral cortex (C). The second variant, denoted sCJDMV2K, features prominent deposition of PrPD amyloid forming kuru type (K) plaques. Here we used a mass spectrometry based approach to test the hypothesis that phenotypic variability within the sCJDMV2 subtype is at least partly determined by the abundance of 129 M and 129 V polymorphic forms of proteinase K-resistant PrPD (resPrPD). Consistent with this hypothesis, our data demonstrated a strong correlation of the MV2C and MV2K phenotypes with the relative populations of protease-resistant forms of the pathogenic prion proteins, resPrPD-129 M and resPrPD-129 V, where resPrPD-129 M dominated in the sCJDMV2C variant and resPrPD-129 V in the sCJDMV2K variant. This finding suggests an important, previously unrecognized mechanism for phenotypic determination in human prion diseases.
Insights into the yellowing of drying oils using fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Cairns L. K. , Forbes P. B. C.
Published: June 2020

Drying oils are commonly used in paintings and are prone to yellow discolouration from aging. Although there are numerous studies aimed at understanding their chemical composition, the yellowing process and its effects on the underlying fluorescence emission of the oils are not fully understood. In this study, four different commercially available oils, namely linseed, water-miscible linseed-, stand- and poppy seed oil, were analysed using UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both liquid and cured, solid film oils were analysed. Liquid oils show a structured absorption pattern, of which only two weakly absorbing peaks (λex 300 and 315 nm) result in fluorescence emission (λem 330 and 410 nm). The solid film lacks the structured pattern seen in the liquid oil’s absorption spectrum, showing instead a broad absorption peak. At an excitation wavelength (λex) of 365 nm the cured film normally fluoresces at λem 440 nm but is seen to shift to λem 550 nm as a result of yellowing. Artificial aging techniques, applied to the oils in order to cause a large degree of yellow discolouration, were seen to induce a large bathochromic shift in their fluorescence spectra. A correlation between the degree of discolouration and the shift in fluorescence is demonstrated, giving rise to a quantitative method that can be used to monitor the yellow discolouration. By non-destructively quantifying the degree of discolouration, colour-reconstruction of paintings could be performed to identify what the paintings looked like before degradation.
Pharmacists and COVID-19
Authors: Elbeddini Ali , Prabaharan Thulasika , Almasalkhi Sarah , Tran Cindy
Published: June 2020

In the fight against COVID-19, frontline health workers have been vital to keeping the pandemic at bay, but recognition of individual professions’ efforts have been inconsistent at all levels. Pharmacists around the world have continued to provide direct patient care and perform frontline duties for their communities during this pandemic, but are often relegated to the background and overlooked when frontline workers are heralded. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare practitioners, which is further proven during the pandemic as they continued to provide direct patient care despite restrictions imposed by the government due to the pandemic. Due to the inaccessibility of other healthcare practitioners during this time, community pharmacists have reduced the burden on the healthcare system by diverting the influx of patients away from hospitals through triaging and screening patients. Community pharmacists have played various roles in supporting the healthcare system during COVID-19: delivering medications to patients, educating patients on telehealth services, assessing patients for renewal of chronic medications, performing consultations on minor ailments, clarifying misconceptions about COVID-19 treatments, and contributing to COVID-19 screening. Alongside ICU nurses, physicians, and respiratory therapists, hospital pharmacists have been part of the COVID-19 efforts and their roles include management of drug shortages, development of treatment protocols, participation of patient rounds, interpretation of lab results for COVID-19, participant recruitment for clinical trials, exploration of new drugs, medication management advice, and antimicrobial stewardship. Further support from pharmacists will be needed once a vaccine is launched in order to reach population-wide coverage. Amid COVID-19, pharmacists have not stopped working as frontline workers and they should be recognized as such.
Use of non-Gaussian time-of-flight kernels for image reconstruction of Monte Carlo simulated data of ultra-fast PET scanners
Authors: Efthimiou Nikos , Thielemans Kris , Emond Elise , Cawthorne Chris , Archibald Stephen J. , Tsoumpas Charalampos
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) scanners can provide significant benefits by improving the noise properties of reconstructed images. In order to achieve this, the timing response of the scanner needs to be modelled as part of the reconstruction process. This is currently achieved using Gaussian TOF kernels. However, the timing measurements do not necessarily follow a Gaussian distribution. In ultra-fast timing resolutions, the depth of interaction of the γ-photon and the photon travel spread (PTS) in the crystal volume become increasingly significant factors for the timing performance. The PTS of a single photon can be approximated better by a truncated exponential distribution. Therefore, we computed the corresponding TOF kernel as a modified Laplace distribution for long crystals. The obtained (CTR) kernels could be more appropriate to model the joint probability of the two in-coincidenceγ-photons. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using a CTR kernel vs. Gaussian kernels in TOF reconstruction using Monte Carlo generated data.

Materials and methods

The geometry and physics of a PET scanner with two timing configurations, (a) idealised timing resolution, in which only the PTS contributed in the CTR, and (b) with a range of ultra-fast timings, were simulated. In order to assess the role of the crystal thickness, different crystal lengths were considered. The evaluation took place in terms of Kullback–Leibler (K-L) distance between the proposed model and the simulated timing response, contrast recovery (CRC) and spatial resolution. The reconstructions were performed using STIR image reconstruction toolbox.

Results

Results for the idealised scanner showed that the CTR kernel was in excellent agreement with the simulated time differences. In terms of K-L distance outperformed the a fitted normal distribution for all tested crystal sizes. In the case of the ultra-fast configurations, a convolution kernel between the CTR and a Gaussian showed the best agreement with the simulated data below 40 ps timing resolution. In terms of CRC, the CTR kernel demonstrated improvements, with values that ranged up to 3.8% better CRC for the thickest crystal. In terms of spatial resolution, evaluated at the 60th iteration, the use of CTR kernel showed a modest improvement of the peek-to-valley ratios up to 1% for the 10-mm crystal, while for larger crystals, a clear trend was not observed. In addition, we showed that edge artefacts can appear in the reconstructed images when the timing kernel used for the reconstruction is not carefully optimised. Further iterations, can help improve the edge artefacts.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Seven spices of India—from kitchen to clinic
Authors: Kumar Vinod
Published: June 2020

Spices play a vital role in Indian cuisine since long time. These are the some of the most valuable items of domestic as well as industrial kitchens. The role of spices is to increase the palatability and used as a flavoring, coloring, and preservative agents. Rather than cooking spices is the part of many industry like medical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and perfumery, and many more. In the current, study explores the role of spices in kitchen as well in medical industry as it acts as anti-proliferative, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects on human health. Spices also help to curing many diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis cancer, and AIDS. This review outlines the role of some spices used in the Indian kitchen for its flavor and taste which are potential to maintain a healthy heart.
Is cerebral spinal fluid flow associated with body mass index and head circumference in healthy children? A phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Demirtaş Gökhan , Siğirci Ahmet , Öztürk Mehmet , Görkem Süreyya Burcu , Kiliç Betül , Güngör Serdal
Published: June 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and head circumference (HC) and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics in the pediatric population. The prospective study included a total of 137 participants, 75 boys and 62 girls, ranging in age from 2 to 204 months. Quantitative evaluation of CSF flow was made by using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) in the axial plane at the level of the aqueductus cerebri. Flow dynamics were recorded as peak and mean velocity (cm/s); cranial, caudal, and net volume (ml); and aqueductus cerebri area (mm2). Correlation between baseline descriptive parameters, including age, gender, BMI, and HC, and the aforementioned CSF flow dynamics were investigated.

Results

The net volume was significantly lower in girls (p = 0.002). There was no association between age and aqueduct area, mean velocity, and cranial volume. The peak velocity was remarkably higher in children (p = 0.03), whereas cranial and net volume were found to be lower in infants (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Notably, cases with HC below normal values had lower cranial, caudal, and net volume and aqueductus cerebri area (p = 0.01, p = 0.03, p = 0.03, and p = 0.04, respectively). There was no association between BMI and indicators of CSF flow dynamics in PC-MRI.

Conclusion

BMI and HC may be associated with CSF flow dynamics in children. A smaller HC is accompanied by a lower forward flow volume, reverse flow volume, net volume, and aqueductal diameter. These points should be remembered during the design of further trials on determinants of CSF flow in children.
Mesoporous Hydrated Graphene Nanoribbon Electrodes for Efficient Supercapacitors: Effect of Nanoribbon Dispersion on Pore Structure
Authors: Saito Yoshitaka , Ashizawa Minoru , Matsumoto Hidetoshi
Published: June 2020

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), which are narrow and elongated strips of graphene, enable the formation of a more interconnected pore structure than two-dimensional graphenes. In this work, hydrated GNR sheets with different internal pore structures were prepared from chemically reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons with different reduction durations. The electrochemical properties of the hydrated GNR electrodes were determined by the mesoporous structure including pore interconnectivity, which depends on the reduction time. The disorderly-structured GNR electrode showed an excellent capacitance retention (71% at 100 A/g compared to that at 0.1 A/g) and high energy and power densities of 5.54 Wh/kg and 313 kW/kg, respectively, which are superior to those of a reduced graphene oxide electrode fabricated under the same conditions. These results clearly indicate that a disordered internal structure with interconnected mesopores in hydrated GNR sheets effectively improves the energy and power densities and charge-discharge capability.
Fatores prognósticos associados ao óbito por hantavirose no Brasil, 2007 a 2015
Authors: Fonseca Lidsy Ximenes , Duarte Elisabeth Carmen , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Analisar fatores associados ao óbito por hantavirose no Brasil. Método: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico analítico do tipo caso-controle aninhado em uma coorte de casos contidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Para a análise bruta univariada, foi realizada regressão logística considerada p<0,20 e, para análise multivariada, foi realizada regressão logística do tipo stepwise-backwards, adotando p<0,05. Resultados: foram identificadas associações significativas com maior letalidade por hantavirose para os seguintes grupos: mulheres (Odds Ratio (OR): 1,43 - IC95% 1,02 a 2,00) para indivíduos com escolaridade não informada (OR: 3,86 – IC95% 1,71a 8,66) e ensino fundamental completo (OR: 3,88 - IC95% 1,51 a 9,96). Moradores da zona urbana (OR: 1,56 – IC95%. 1,15 a 2,12), indivíduos com choque e/ou hipotensão (OR: 3,37 - IC95% 2,51 a 4,51), sintomas respiratórios, e indivíduos cujo primeiro atendimento foi realizado com até três dias do início de sintoma (OR: 3,76 – IC95%: 2,51 a 4,51). Conclusão: algumas características do paciente podem aumentar as chances de óbito principalmente devido à baixa suspeição clínica e a possível demora na adoção do manejo adequado dos casos. A busca precoce de atenção, além da presença choque, hipotensão e/ou sinais respiratórios podem indicar evolução rápida da doença e maior gravidade.
Research on the Correlation of Serum PCT and Plasma GSN Levels with the Prognosis of Urosepsis Patients
Authors: Cui Na , Yu Zhanbiao , Chen Zhi , Chen Ning
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore the correlation of procalcitonin (PCT) and gelsolin (GSN) with the prognosis of urosepsis patients.

Method: The data of 71 urosepsis patients from March 2015 to April 2019 who were admitted to and treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University were analyzed and compared with those of 92 healthy persons. Serum PCT and plasma GSN levels at different times after treatment were detected. According to prognosis, patients were classified into the good prognosis group or the poor prognosis group. The serum PCT and plasma GSN levels of both groups were compared.

Result: The serum PCT level of the urosepsis group on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days was obviously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The plasma GSN levels of the urosepsis group on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days were obviously lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The serum PCT level of the poor prognosis group on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days was obviously higher than that of the good prognosis group (P<0.05). The plasma GSN level of the poor prognosis group on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days was obviously lower than that of the good prognosis group (P<0.05). PCT was an independent risk factor influencing the prognosis of urosepsis patients and that GSN was a protective factor (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The serum PCT and plasma GSN levels can accurately predict the severity and prognosis of urosepsis patients and reflect the disease state of early urosepsis patients. High PCT levels and low GSN levels indicate poor prognosis, and clinicians should consider these values.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2143

How to cite this:Cui N, Yu Z, Chen Z, Chen N. Research on the Correlation of Serum PCT and Plasma GSN Levels with the Prognosis of Urosepsis Patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1011-1014. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2143

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Household transmission of seasonal coronavirus infections: Results from the Flu Watch cohort study
Authors: Beale Sarah , Lewer Dan , Aldridge Robert W. , Johnson Anne M. , Zambon Maria , Hayward Andrew , Fragaszy Ellen
Published: June 2020

Background: In the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, understanding household transmission of seasonal coronaviruses may inform pandemic control. We aimed to investigate what proportion of seasonal coronavirus transmission occurred within households, measure the risk of transmission in households, and describe the impact of household-related factors of risk of transmission.

Methods: Using data from three winter seasons of the UK Flu Watch cohort study, we measured the proportion of symptomatic infections acquired outside and within the home, the household transmission risk and the household secondary attack risk for PCR-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses. We present transmission risk stratified by demographic features of households.

Results: We estimated that the proportion of cases acquired outside the home, weighted by age and region, was 90.7% (95% CI 84.6- 94.5, n=173/195) and within the home was 9.3% (5.5-15.4, 22/195). Following a symptomatic coronavirus index case, 14.9% (9.8 - 22.1, 20/134) of households experienced symptomatic transmission to at least one other household member. Onward transmission risk ranged from 11.90% (4.84-26.36, 5/42) to 19.44% (9.21-36.49, 7/36) by strain. The overall household secondary attack risk for symptomatic cases was 8.00% (5.31-11.88, 22/275), ranging across strains from 5.10 (2.11-11.84, 5/98) to 10.14 (4.82- 20.11, 7/69). Median clinical onset serial interval was 7 days (IQR= 6-9.5). Households including older adults, 3+ children, current smokers, contacts with chronic health conditions, and those in relatively deprived areas had the highest transmission risks. Child index cases and male index cases demonstrated the highest transmission risks.

Conclusion: Most seasonal coronaviruses appear to be acquired outside the household, with relatively modest risk of onward transmission within households. Transmission risk following an index case appears to vary by demographic household features, with potential overlap between those demonstrating the highest point estimates for seasonal coronavirus transmission risk and COVID-19 susceptibility and poor illness outcomes.
Russia in the Global Economy
Authors: Kuryłowicz Michał
Published: June 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the Russian economic policy in its external dimension (economic expansion), in the context of discussions about changes in the global economy held in the Russian Federation. The starting point for reflections in this respect is Sergey Glazyev’s view of the current evolution of international relations. The article contrasts the propositions of the Russian author and the strategy of activities of the Kremlin, which uses the state corporations for its external targets.
O Rus, Where Are Thou?
Authors: Shirinyants Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

The article attempts to define the role of a myth and mythical thinking in the society. It shows a relationship between a socio-political myth and ideology, politics, and historical remembrance. Based on the myth about the progress, the article discusses an issue of choice faced by Russia of the 20th c., namely national development or European advancement? It describes interpretations of economic, socio-political and cultural aspects of Russia’s backwardness, aspresented by representatives of various trends of Russian thought of the 19th c. It lists examples of a paradoxical agreement among conservatists and revolutionaries that a move “forward and up” is not always progressive, whereas the development should always be “national”. Therefore, Russia should not copy all forms of development that have taken place in European countries – from lower to higher. It argues that there is a possible historical explanation of the myth of progress. Namely, attempts to explain diversity and originality of national variations of development (Whither, then, are you speeding, O Russia of mine?) have proved historical differences of the Russian path, as an independent Russian-Orthodox civilisation, towards a better understanding of the “vicious circle” of the modern civilisation: “We are poor because we’re stupid, and we’re stupid because we’re poor.”
Parallel Bayesian Global Optimization of Expensive Functions
Authors: Wang Jialei , Clark Scott C. , Liu Eric , Frazier Peter I.
Published: June 2020

Large-Scale Parallel Bayesian Optimization
A falta que Marx nos faz
Authors: Oliveira Paulo César Pinto de
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho se destina a apresentar brevemente o livro "A falta que Marx nos faz", de Marco Casanova, que é composto por oito ensaios inéditos. O nosso texto é desenvolvido através da exposição das temáticas, características e desdobramentos de cada um dos capítulos, procurando a unicidade total da obra, bem como o modo como ela reverbera em nossa época.
Back from the brink: my brain injury journey
Authors: Fairclough Philip L
Published: June 2020

What are some of the challenges, successes and failures of surviving and living with brain injury? How can the person injured and their family and carers cope, and is there anything to learn that can help others? Philip Fairclough tells his own survival story
Dementia in prisons: the Admiral Nurse offer
Authors: Chamberlain Lucy , Dening Karen Harrison
Published: June 2020

Background:

Dementia is an increasingly common condition, affecting over 50 million people worldwide, with approximately 850 000 living with dementia in the UK. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the number of older prisoners, many of whom may also have dementia; however, there is little in the literature about the needs of this population. This is the first in a series of clinical articles on dementia in underserved populations.

Aims:

To explore current literature; academic, policy and guidance to develop an understanding of what is currently known about this population.

Methods:

A literature review.

Findings:

There is insufficient data on the amount of dementia in the ageing prison population and limited research that defines the needs of this underserved population. This results in prison services often failing to meet the needs of this underserved population, with prison staff struggling in this regard due to limited knowledge, resources and training. The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman argues the failure to strategically respond to this population leads to each prison and its local healthcare providers being left to respond in a piecemeal fashion.

Conclusions:

This paper discusses the demographic changes related to prisoners with dementia and details how Dementia UK and Admiral Nurses can support a specialist care solution to this underserved population.
The clinical impact of COVID-19 infection on people with Parkinson's
Authors: Hand Annette , Chaudhuri K Ray
Published: June 2020

The impact of COVID-19 has been, and continues to be, felt across the world. For some people the risks associated with contracting this virus are greater than others due to underlying health conditions. This article explores the impact of COVID-19 for people with Parkinson's and how specialist health services are having to change to continue to support this group of patients.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2020

Mark Greener rounds up the latest papers and reports relevant to primary care nurses
External fixation and Kirschner wires in the treatment of paediatric displaced supracondylar femur fractures
Authors: Li Jin , Yue Changjie , Wang Hai-Qiang , Guo Xikai , Chen Kailei , Ma Jiewen , Wang Jing , Tang Xin
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Kirschner-wire fixation (KF) and external fixation (EF) for the treatment of displaced supracondylar femur fractures (SFFs) were demonstrated respectively in previous reports. However, there is no paucity of convincing information on better treatment options for children. The aim of this study was to show results of KF and EF in the treatment of paediatric SFFs according to clinical and radiological outcome.

Methods

A retrospective analysis including 22 displaced closed SFFs was performed. A total of 12 patients were treated with KF, other ten patients were treated with EF. All patients were followed up for at least 24 months. Demographic data, surgical outcomes and postoperative knee function using the Knee Society Score (KSS) scale were evaluated in this research.

Results

The patients in the KF group were significantly younger than in the EF group (p < 0.001). The KF group had superiority in operative time (p = 0.001), blood loss (p = 0.027) and length of hospital stay (p = 0.001). Clinical healing outcome did not differ between the two groups. The KF group achieved radiological union in a shorter period (p < 0.001), with a better range of movement (ROM) and KSS postoperative score.

Conclusion

Both KF and EF can achieve excellent outcomes for paediatric SFFs. KF has many advantages in younger children.

Level of Evidence

IV
‘The do-gooders and scroungers’: examining narratives of foodbank use in online local press coverage in the West Midlands, UK
Authors: Price Catherine , Barons Martine , Garthwaite Kayleigh , Jolly Andrew
Published: June 2020

This qualitative study using a grounded theory approach, assesses the construction of claims in online news articles and below the line comments in connection with foodbank use in the West Midlands region, UK. The sample includes 146 online news articles and 132 below the line comments, commencing 23 September 2010 until 8 April 2019. Individual foodbank users’ stories are told and these relay discourses of stigma, shame, embarrassment and desperation. In contrast, the below the line comments centre on the undeserving poor. Here, emphasis is on the migrants who are ‘flooding’ the country, and the scroungers who are work-shy.
Fast inverse lithography based on dual-channel model-driven deep learning
Authors: Ma Xu , Zheng Xianqiang , Arce Gonzalo R.
Published: June 2020

Inverse lithography technology (ILT) is extensively used to compensate image distortion in optical lithography systems by pre-warping the photomask at the pixel scale. However, computational complexity is always a central challenge of ILT due to the big throughput of data volume. This paper proposes a dual-channel model-driven deep learning (DMDL) method to overcome the computational burden, while break through the limit of image fidelity over traditional ILT algorithms. The architecture of DMDL network is not inherited from conventional deep learning, but derived from the inverse optimization model under a gradient-based ILT framework. A dual-channel structure is introduced to extend the capacity of the DMDL network, which allows to simultaneously modify the mask contour and insert sub-resolution assist features to further improve the lithography image fidelity. An unsupervised training strategy based on auto-decoder is developed to avoid the time-consuming labelling process. The superiority of DMDL over the state-of-the-art ILT method is verified in both of the computational efficiency and image fidelity obtained on the semiconductor wafer.
Imaging layer thickness of large-area graphene using reference-aided optical differential reflection technique
Authors: Hu Chunguang , Wang Hao , Shen Yongtao , Huo Shuchun , Shen Wanfu , Hu Xiaodong , Hu Xiaotang
Published: June 2020

Transparent layers are critical for enhancing optical contrast of graphene on a substrate. However, once the substrate is fully covered by large-area graphene, there are no accurate transparent layer and reference for optical contrast calculations. The thickness uncertainty of the transparent layer reduces the analytical accuracy of graphene. Thus, in this Letter, we propose a reference-aided differential reflection (DR) method with a dual-light path. The accurate thickness of the transparent layer is obtained by improving the DR spectrum sensitivity using a designable reference. Hence, the analytical accuracy of graphene thickness is guaranteed. To demonstrate this concept, a centimeter-scale chemical-vapor-deposition-synthesized graphene was measured on a

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substrate. The thickness of underlying

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was first identified with the 1 nm resolution by the DR spectrum. Then, the thickness distribution of graphene was directly deduced from a DR map with submonolayer resolution at a preferred wavelength. The results were also confirmed by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. As a result, this new method provides an extra degree of freedom for the DR method to accurately measure the thickness of large-area two-dimensional materials.
Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung zur Beratung von hochkonfigurierbaren und hochindividualisierbaren Gütern
Authors: Blunk Oliver , Brown Gordon , Prilla Michael
Published: June 2020

Der Verkauf von hochkonfigurierbaren bzw. hoch-individualisierbaren Gütern ist online aktuell nicht verfügbar, da für den Kunden eine intensive Beratung notwendig ist, um passende Produkte bzw. Konfigurationen zu finden. Zusätzlich stehen Online-Beratungen vor der Herausforderung, dass Kunden unterschiedliche Konfigurationen nicht betrachten oder anfassen können, und der Berater ebenfalls nicht visualisiert wird. Weiterhin verfügen Geschäfte häufig nicht über Ausstellungsstücke, die alle unterschiedlichen Konfigurationsmöglichkeiten abdecken. Basierend auf Literatur und einer eigens in einem Möbelhaus durchgeführten ethnografischen Studie werden Anforderungen an ein System zur Online-Beratung im Kontext der Möbelbranche abgeleitet. Beispielsweise wird untersucht, inwieweit Augmented Reality als Ansatz dabei helfen kann, dass Kunden mit virtuell dargestellten Produkten interagieren können und so unterschiedliche Konfigurationen vergleichen können. Weiterhin werden unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten diskutiert, um den Kunden in diesem Umfeld zu beraten. Basierend auf den Anforderungen und unterschiedlichen Technologien wird ein Szenario erstellt, welches beschreibt, wie eine Online-Beratung durchgeführt werden könnte. Es wird der Einkaufsprozess eines fiktiven Kunden betrachtet. Zusätzlich werden auch Einschränkungen einer online-basierten Beratung diskutiert.
Transmedia storytelling and transmediated bodies in Fullmetal Alchemist (2017)
Authors: Choo Kukhee
Published: June 2020

Hagane no Renkinjutsushi (Fullmetal Alchemist) (2001, Hagaren in short) is a Japanese comic book franchise that not only expanded into a larger supersystem through its transmedia storytelling on multimedia platforms, but also through the global fandom of cosplay (the Japanese term for costume play), a form of popular culture that is heavily promoted by the Japanese government’s Cool Japan policy. Hagaren is set in an unidentifiable European landscape, a common depiction in many Japanese manga and anime, yet, in the 2017 live-action film that was globally distributed on Netflix, audiences witness a full Japanese cast performing European characters. This cross-racial performance, or yellow washing, challenges the border-crossing narrative and global viewership of the Hagaren’s manga and anime franchise. By examining how Hagaren’s supersystem developed out of the interplays of media industries, fan culture and broader governmental policies, this article aims to excavate the multifaceted politics of not only cross-border consumer identities, but also cross-racial performances propagated by the transmediation of Japanese popular culture on the global stage.
Inventing the Asian community: The Toronto Reel Asian International Film Festival as discourse and collective performance
Authors: Sooriyakumaran Michael
Published: June 2020

This article examines how the Toronto Reel Asian International Film Festival constructs an imagined Asian community and how spectators perform their cultural identities at screenings and on social media. By screening films from some Asian nations and diasporas and not others, and by screening a disproportionate number of films from East Asia, Reel Asian’s programming selections imply that some Asian societies are more Asian than others, and posit certain essentialized cultural practices associated with those societies as being emblematic of the Orient as a whole. At screenings and on social media, spectators position themselves either as insiders who identify with the Orient, or as westerners who imaginatively project themselves into an oriental culture through an act of sympathetic understanding. Through an analysis of the Reel Asian Film Festival, this article demonstrates how identity-based film festivals function as sites where an imagined community becomes visible to itself and the general public.
Informal music-making among piano bar musicians: Implications for bridging the gap in music education
Authors: Spears Amy , Larson Danelle , Minette Sarah
Published: June 2020

Recent research in music education has sought to bridge the gap between formal music-making and informal music-making done by many musicians who may have little or no formal musical training. Piano bar musicians fall under the category of musicians who may or may not have had formal musical training but are able to perform covers of a variety of pop songs for live and interactive audiences. Many of them also play multiple instruments. Participants we observed and interviewed in this qualitative study were eight piano bar musicians from various regions of the United States. Key findings include that the primary method participants used to learn songs was listening and learning by ear; ‘reading’ music took multiple forms; music theory and chord functionality were useful and allowed for flexible musicianship; and that a participatory culture was important for learning the songs the musicians chose to learn.
Devoción y poder. Legados transoceánicos a conventos carmelitas andaluces
Authors: Romero Sánchez Guadalupe
Published: June 2020

En el marco de las relaciones culturales y transferencias artísticas que se sucedieron a lo largo de los siglos XVI al XVIII entre Andalucía y América, una parcela importante la constituyen las labores de mecenazgo y coleccionismo de obras de arte. En esta línea de trabajo, centramos nuestra investigación en el análisis de las donaciones realizadas por algunos indianos a conventos y monasterios carmelitas de sus ciudades de origen a través del análisis documental, presentando para ello materiales, en su mayoría inéditos, que nos ayudan a comprender este tipo de legados.
Toward a generalization of the logic of grounding
Authors: Poggiolesi Francesca , Francez Nissim
Published: June 2020

The main goal of this paper is to provide a ground-analysis of two classical connectives that have so far been ignored in the literature, namely the exclusive disjunction, and the ternary disjunction. Such ground-analysis not only serves to extend the applicability of the logic of grounding but also leads to a generalization of Poggiolesi (2016)’s definition of the notion of complete and immediate grounding.
Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Guideline-Directed Management of Pancreatic Cysts
Authors: Lobo Jennifer M. , Scheiman James M. , Zaydfudim Victor M. , Shami Vanessa M. , Sauer Bryan G.
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Numerous guidelines exist for the management of pancreatic cysts. We sought to compare the guideline-directed management strategies for pancreatic cysts by comparing 2 approaches (2017 International Consensus Guidelines and 2015 American Gastroenterological Association Guidelines) that differ significantly in their thresholds for imaging, surveillance, and surgery.

METHODS:

We developed a Monte Carlo model to evaluate the outcomes for a cohort of 10,000 patients managed per each guideline. The primary outcome was mortality related to pancreatic cyst management. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, missed cancers, number of surgeries, number of imaging studies, cumulative cost, and quality-adjusted life years.

RESULTS:

Deaths because of pancreatic cyst management and quality-adjusted life years were similar in both guidelines at a significantly higher cost of $3.6 million per additional cancer detected in the Consensus Guidelines. Deaths from “unrelated” causes (1,422) vastly outnumbered deaths related to pancreatic cysts (125). Secondary outcomes included more missed cancers in the American Gastroenterological Association guideline (71 vs 49), more surgeries and imaging studies in the Consensus guideline (711 vs 163; 116,997 vs 68,912), and higher cost in the Consensus guideline ($168.3 million vs $89.4 million). As the rate of malignant transformation increases, a more-intensive guideline resulted in fewer deaths related to pancreatic cyst management.

DISCUSSION:

Our study demonstrates trade-offs between more- and less-intensive management strategies for pancreatic cysts. Although deaths related to pancreatic cyst management were similar in each strategy, fewer missed cancers in the more-intensive surveillance strategy is offset by a greater number of surgical deaths and higher cost. In conclusion, our study identifies that if the rate malignant transformation of pancreatic cysts is low (0.12% annually), a less-intensive guideline will result in similar deaths to a more-intensive guideline at a much lower cost.
Discovery of Digenic Mutation, KCNH2 c.1898A >C and JUP c.916dupA, in a Chinese Family with Long QT Syndrome via Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Zhai Yafei , Miao Jinxin , Peng Ying , Fang Guangming , Wang Chuchu , Wang Yaohe , Zhao Xiaoyan , Dong Jianzeng
Published: June 2020

Long QT syndrome (LQTS), which is caused by an ion channel–related gene mutation, is a malignant heart disease with a clinical course of a high incidence of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death in the young. Mutations in KCNH2 (which encodes potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2) are responsible for LQTS in many patients. Here we report the novel mutation c.1898A>C in KCNH2 in a Chinese family with LQTS through whole-exome sequencing. The c.916dupA mutation in JUP (which encodes junction plakoglobin) is also discovered. Mutations in JUP were found to be associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. The double mutation in the proband may help explain his severe clinical manifestations, such as sudden cardiac death at an early age. Sequencing for the proband’s family members revealed that the KCNH2 mutation descends from his paternal line, while the mutation in JUP came from his maternal line. The data provided in this study may help expand the spectrum of LQTS-related KCNH2 mutations and add support to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of families affected by malignant arrhythmias.
Time Course of Sensory Substitution for Gravity Sensing in Visual Vertical Orientation Perception following Complete Vestibular Loss
Authors: Angelaki Dora E. , Laurens Jean
Published: June 2020

Loss of vestibular function causes severe acute symptoms of dizziness and disorientation, yet the brain can adapt and regain near to normal locomotor and orientation function through sensory substitution. Animal studies quantifying functional recovery have yet been limited to reflexive eye movements. Here, we studied the interplay between vestibular and proprioceptive graviception in macaque monkeys trained in an earth-vertical visual orientation (subjective visual vertical; SVV) task and measured the time course of sensory substitution for gravity perception following complete bilateral vestibular loss (BVL). Graviceptive gain, defined as the ratio of perceived versus actual tilt angle, decreased to 20% immediately following labyrinthectomy, and recovered to nearly prelesion levels with a time constant of approximately three weeks of postsurgery testing. We conclude that proprioception accounts for up to 20% of gravity sensing in normal animals, and is re-weighted to substitute completely perceptual graviception after vestibular loss. We show that these results can be accounted for by an optimal sensory fusion model.
DIY-NAMIC Behavior: A High-Throughput Method to Measure Complex Phenotypes in the Homecage
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Capan Selin , Lacefield Clay , Shea Yvonne M. , Nautiyal Katherine M.
Published: June 2020

Complex behavioral assessment is necessary to comprehensively assessin vivomanipulations in rodent models for neuropsychiatric disorders. Operant behavioral paradigms provide rich datasets and allow for the careful analysis of behavioral phenotypes. However, one major limitation in these studies is the expense and work-load that are required using traditional methods. The equipment for commercial operant boxes can be prohibitively expensive, and the daily experimenter effort and mouse costs required for these studies is extensive. Rodents are generally trained on task-specific paradigms for months, tested every day for 5–7 d/week. Additionally, appetitive paradigms usually require food restriction and are also commonly run in the non-active light phase of the rodent circadian rhythm. These limitations make operant behavioral testing especially difficult during adolescence, a time period of interest with regards to the development of adult-like phenotypes and a high-risk period for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including those which involve impulsive behavior. In order to address these issues, we developed an automated, inexpensive, open-source method which allows the implementation of most standard operant paradigms in the homecage of rodents in shorter time frames without food restriction, and with much less experimenter effort. All construction and code for the do-it-yourself Nautiyal Automated Modular Instrumental Conditioning (DIY-NAMIC) system are open source. We demonstrate their utility here by measuring impulsive behavior in a pharmacology experiment, as well as in adolescent mice.
Potential of temperature- and salinity-driven shifts in diatom compatible solute concentrations to impact biogeochemical cycling within sea ice
Authors: Dawson Hannah M. , Heal Katherine R. , Boysen Angela K. , Carlson Laura T. , Ingalls Anitra E. , Young Jodi N.
Published: June 2020

Sea-ice algae are an important source of primary production in polar regions, yet we have limited understanding of their responses to the seasonal cycling of temperature and salinity. Using a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach, we found that axenic cultures of the Antarctic sea-ice diatom, Nitzschia lecointei, displayed large differences in their metabolomes when grown in a matrix of conditions that included temperatures of –1 and 4°C, and salinities of 32 and 41, despite relatively small changes in growth rate. Temperature exerted a greater effect than salinity on cellular metabolite pool sizes, though the N- or S-containing compatible solutes, 2, 3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS), glycine betaine (GBT), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and proline responded strongly to both temperature and salinity, suggesting complexity in their control. We saw the largest (> 4-fold) response to salinity for proline. DHPS, a rarely studied but potential compatible solute, had the highest intracellular concentrations among all compatible solutes of ~85 mM. When comparing the culture findings to natural Arctic sea-ice diatom communities, we found extensive overlap in metabolite profiles, highlighting the relevance of culture-based studies to probe environmental questions. Large changes in sea-ice diatom metabolomes and compatible solutes over a seasonal cycle could be significant components of biogeochemical cycling within sea ice.