bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Vocal Fold Pathologies Among First‐Year Singing Students Across Genres
Authors: Lloyd Adam T. , Gerhard Julia , Baker Paul , Lundy Donna S. , Diaz Jennylee , Bretl Michelle M. , Landera Mario A. , Anis Mursalin , Marchman Judy , Rosow David E.
Published: October 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of vocal fold pathologies among first‐year singing students from the classical, musical theatre, and contemporary commercial music (CCM) genres.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Videostroboscopic examinations were rated by blinded expert raters. Vocal pathology was defined as a vocal fold abnormality on the membranous or cartilaginous portions of the vocal folds or hypomobility. Consensus among three of four raters confirmed presence of pathology. Association between genre of singer and presence of pathology, interrater reliability, and intrarater reliability were calculated. Differences in singing voice handicap, and voice use and vocal hygiene were compared.

Results

Fifty‐seven participants were included. Seventeen percent of CCM, 40% of musical theatre, and 0% of classical singers were found to have vocal fold pathology. Interrater reliability was 0.522 between all four raters, 0.591 between the two laryngologists, and 0.581 between the two speech–language pathologists, showing a moderate agreement (P < .0001). Intrarater reliability was 1.000 (P < .0001) for the two laryngologists and 0.452 (P = .949) and 0.622 (P = .828) for the two speech–language pathologists. Singing Voice Handicap Index‐10 data across genre showed differences between CCM and classical singers. No significant differences were found in voice usage or vocal hygiene.

Conclusions

No classical students were found to have vocal fold pathology, whereas CCM and musical theatre students had significantly higher prevalence of pathologies. Voice use, vocal hygiene, and physiologic phonatory differences among classical, musical theatre, and CCM genres may be risk factors for development of vocal pathology.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 130: 1996–2002, 2020
4‐bit Boolean functions in generation and cryptanalysis of secure 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes
Authors: Dey Sankhanil , Chakrabarti Amlan , Ghosh Ranjan
Published: October 2019

In modern ciphers of commercial computer cryptography, 4‐bit crypto substitution boxes or 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes have been of utmost importance since the late 1960s. Since then, the 4‐bit Boolean functions (BFs) have been proved to be the best tool to generate the said 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes. In this article, the crypto‐related properties of the 4‐bit BFs, such as the algebraic normal form (ANF) of the 4‐bit BFs, the balancedness, the linearity, the nonlinearity, the affinity and nonaffinity of the 4‐bit BFs, and the strict avalanche criterion (SAC) of 4‐bit BFs, are studied in detail. An exhaustive study of 4‐bit BFs with some new observations and algorithms on SAC of 4‐bit BFs is also reported in this article. In the end of 1990s, the Galois field polynomials over Galois field GF(28) are in use to generate the 8‐bit crypto S‐box of the Advance Encryption Standard. A detailed study on generation of the 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes with such Galois field polynomials over the binary as well as nonbinary extended Galois fields is also given in this article. The generated 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes are analyzed with four cryptanalysis techniques and the well‐defined SAC algorithms of 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes to search for the best possible 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes. Some existing 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes such as the thirty‐two 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes of the data encryption standard (DES) and the four 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes of the two variants of the Lucifer are analyzed to report the weakness of such S‐boxes. A comparative study of the ancient as well as the modern 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes with the generated 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes proves the said generated 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes to be the best possible one.
Knockdown of formin mDia2 alters lamin B1 levels and increases osteogenesis in stem cells
Authors: Sankaran Jeyantt S. , Sen Buer , Dudakovic Amel , Paradise Christopher R. , Perdue Tony , Xie Zhihui , McGrath Cody , Styner Maya , Newberg Joshua , Uzer Gunes , Wijnen Andre J. , Rubin Janet
Published: October 2019

Nuclear actin plays a critical role in mediating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate commitment. In marrow-derived MSCs, the principal diaphanous-related formin Diaph3 (mDia2) is present in the nucleus and regulates intranuclear actin polymerization, whereas Diaph1 (mDia1) is localized to the cytoplasm and controls cytoplasmic actin polymerization. We here show that mDia2 can be used as a tool to query actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure. Silencing mDia2 affected the nucleoskeletal lamin scaffold, altering nuclear morphology without affecting cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton, and promoted MSC differentiation. Attempting to target intranuclear actin polymerization by silencing mDia2 led to a profound loss in lamin B1 nuclear envelope structure and integrity, increased nuclear height, and reduced nuclear stiffness without compensatory changes in other actin nucleation factors. Loss of mDia2 with the associated loss in lamin B1 promoted Runx2 transcription and robust osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Hence, mDia2 is a potent tool to query intranuclear actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure, and its presence serves to retain multipotent stromal cells in an undifferentiated state.
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate AQP-4-dependent glymphatic dysfunction and improve brain distribution of antisense oligonucleotides in BACHD mice
Authors: Wu Teng-teng , Su Feng-juan , Feng Yan-qing , Liu Bin , Li Ming-yue , Liang Feng-yin , Li Ge , Li Xue-jiao , Zhang Yu , Cai Zhong-qiong , Pei Zhong
Published: October 2019

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene that results in the production of neurotoxic mutant HTT (mHTT) protein. Suppressing HTT production with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is a promising treatment strategy for HD; however, the difficulty of delivering ASOs to deep brain structures is a major barrier for its clinical application. The glymphatic system of astrocytes involving aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) controls the entry of macromolecules from the cerebrospinal fluid into the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) target astrocytes to inhibit neuroinflammation. Here we examined the glymphatic distribution of ASO in the brain and the therapeutic potential of combining intravenously injection of mesenchymal stem cells (IV-MSC) and ASOs for the treatment of HD. Our results show that Cy3-labeled ASOs entered the brain parenchyma via the perivascular space following cisternal injection, but the brain distribution was significantly lower in AQP-4−/− as compared with wild-type mice. Downregulation of the AQP-4 M23 isoform was accompanied by decreased brain levels of ASOs in BACHD mice as well as an increase in astrogliosis and phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65. IV-MSC treatment restored AQP-4 M23 expression, attenuated astrogliosis, and decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation; it also increased the brain distribution of ASOs and enhanced the suppression of mHTT in BACHD mice. These results suggest that modulating glymphatic activity using IV-MSC is a novel strategy for improving the potency of ASO in the treatment of HD.
Demonstration and examination of a procedure for successively improved structural assessment of concrete bridges
Authors: Bagge Niklas
Published: October 2019

Assessing the load‐carrying capacity of existing bridges is an important infrastructure management task. In order to support the structural assessment of concrete bridges better, a procedure has been proposed, based on successively improving the bridge analysis. A multilevel strategy for structural analysis has been combined with concepts for verification of the desired safety margin, thus providing tools for engineers to model the structural behavior of bridges more accurately when necessary. This paper describes the procedure as applied to a prestressed concrete girder bridge, with use of experiences from the previous failure tests and associated evaluations of the bridge. Initial structural assessment indicated the critical failure mode to be due to shear in one of the girders; however, the enhanced analysis showed a complex failure involving both the girder and the bridge deck slab. Improving the structural analysis using nonlinear FE analysis for the loading initially identified as critical, increased the permitted axle loads on the bridge to 12 to 14 times those given by traditional and standardized assessment methods, depending on the concept used for safety verification. The model uncertainty was crucial for the verification of the structural safety and has to be properly taken into account. However, there are few recommendations, with regard to model uncertainties, on the application of nonlinear FE analysis, and detailed guidelines should be used for the modeling procedure in order to reduce analyst‐dependent variability in the results. The presented study demonstrates the applicability and the advantages of using the proposed procedure for successively improved analysis for bridge assessment.
Never too soon, always too late: Reflections on climate temporality
Authors: Garrard Greg
Published: October 2019

The “scientisation” of climate change, which placed the issue beyond democratic debate by declaring it a matter for the scientific expertise of the IPCC, has not provoked the required political and economic action to resolve it. “Tipping point” rhetoric and apocalyptic fictions, conveying increased urgency and shaming the present‐day, appear also to yield diminishing returns. Instead of representing the present as a binary choice—catastrophe or salvation—a Humanities‐informed viewpoint would represent past, present, and future in terms of unknowability, frailty, unavoidable interpretation, and limited agency.

This article is categorized under:

Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
Dynamic floc characteristics of flocculated coal slime water under different agent conditions using particle vision and measurement
Authors: Lin Zhe , Wang Quanwu , Wang Tuqin , Wang Zhangguo , Wang Guanghui
Published: October 2019

To determine the effect of different agents on the dynamic characteristics of floc structures, ferric chloride (FC) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) were dosed as coagulant and flocculant, respectively, to flocculate the coal slime water. Particle vision and measurement (PVM) was employed to monitor the flocculation process in situ. The results showed that the floc could grow to a size of approximately 1 mm only under conditions of 100 mg/L FC and 50 mg/L APAM. The coagulant dosage influenced either the aggregation of the slime particles or the conformation of the flocculant. If the coagulants were insufficient or excessive, the flocculant conformations were stretch chains and resembled unable to bridging the slime particles as shown in the captured images. The variation of the relative backscatter index (RBI) during the process indicated that the required residence time for flocculation was proportional to the ratio of particle size at the end of flocculation to that at the beginning of the process. It can be concluded that PVM is an effective instrument that can obtain useful dynamic information of the flocculation process by combining real‐time images and the RBI.

Practitioner Points

The coagulant concentration affects the conformation of the flocculant.

The required retention time is depended on the max size that flocs can reach.

PVM is a powerful instrument for studying dynamic flocculation process in situ.
Manifolds of classical probability distributions and quantum density operators in infinite dimensions
Authors: Ciaglia F. M. , Ibort A. , Jost J. , Marmo G.
Published: October 2019

The manifold structure of subsets of classical probability distributions and quantum density operators in infinite dimensions is investigated in the context of $$C^{*}$$C∗-algebras and actions of Banach-Lie groups. Specificaly, classical probability distributions and quantum density operators may be both described as states (in the functional analytic sense) on a given $$C^{*}$$C∗-algebra $$\mathscr {A}$$A which is Abelian for Classical states, and non-Abelian for Quantum states. In this contribution, the space of states $$\mathscr {S}$$S of a possibly infinite-dimensional, unital $$C^{*}$$C∗-algebra $$\mathscr {A}$$A is partitioned into the disjoint union of the orbits of an action of the group $$\mathscr {G}$$G of invertible elements of $$\mathscr {A}$$A. Then, we prove that the orbits through density operators on an infinite-dimensional, separable Hilbert space $$\mathcal {H}$$H are smooth, homogeneous Banach manifolds of $$\mathscr {G}=\mathcal {GL}(\mathcal {H})$$G=GL(H), and, when $$\mathscr {A}$$A admits a faithful tracial state $$\tau $$τ like it happens in the Classical case when we consider probability distributions with full support, we prove that the orbit through $$\tau $$τ is a smooth, homogeneous Banach manifold for $$\mathscr {G}$$G.
Politics, sport mega events and grassroots mobilization. Anticipated triumph and unexpected failure of political elite in Poland
Authors: Woźniak Wojciech
Published: October 2019

Sport mega events are the most prominent manifestations of the multidimensional and global interrelation between sport and politics. The purpose of the paper is to present the contrasting cases of two Polish SMEs: UEFA European Championships in football (Euro, 2012) and the bid for Winter Olympic Games Cracow 2022. This article pays special attention to the role of Polish political elite in promoting both events and to the grassroots movement that effectively ended the bidding for the latter event. It also discusses how the allegedly successful Euro 2012 tournament was presented in the public discourse in order to avoid conflicts and debates about the very idea of hosting the games. This proved unsuccessful in the latter case. This case deserves scrutiny as it is an unusual example of effective bottom up mobilization of civil society against the whole political elite.
Transforming Legacy Spatial Data into Testable Hypotheses about Socioeconomic Organization
Authors: Quinn Colin P. , Fivenson Daniel
Published: October 2019

As archaeologists expand the accessibility of legacy data, they have an opportunity to use these datasets to design future research. We argue that legacy data can be a critical resource to help predict characteristics of sites and socioeconomic systems. In this article, we present a combined geographic information system (GIS) and network analysis methodology that turns site location data into testable hypotheses about site characteristics and the organization of regional settlement systems. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with a case study: Bronze Age (2700–1100 BC) settlement patterns in the mining region of Hunedoara in southwest Transylvania, Romania. We leverage unsystematically collected site location information in legacy datasets to develop testable predictions about sites, regional networks, and socioeconomic systems that can be evaluated through future systematic surveys and large-scale excavations. Such testable hypotheses can inform archaeological research design by providing a quantitative basis for determining where to focus research efforts and can also help secure funding and fieldwork permits. The method developed here can be applied in diverse archaeological contexts to reinvigorate legacy data as part of future archaeological research design.
Analyzing Aseity
Authors: Adams Sarah , Robson Jon
Published: October 2019

The doctrine of divine aseity has played a significant role in the development of classical theism. However, very little attention has been paid in recent years to the question of how precisely aseity should be characterized. We argue that this neglect is unwarranted since extant characterizations of this central divine attribute quickly encounter difficulties. In particular, we present a new argument to show that the most widely accepted contemporary account of aseity is inconsistent. We then consider the prospects for developing a new account of aseity which avoids the pitfalls we have highlighted.
Feasibility and efficacy of a hospital-based violence intervention program on reducing repeat violent injury in youth: a randomized control trial
Authors: Snider Carolyn E. , Jiang Depeng , Logsetty Sarvesh , Chernomas Wanda , Mordoch Elaine , Cochrane Carla , Mahmood Jamil , Woodward Heather , Klassen Terry P.
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To determine feasibility and efficacy of an Emergency Department Violence Intervention Program (EDVIP) to reduce violence related injuries in youth.

Methods

One hundred and thirty youth aged 14–24 presenting to an emergency with violence related injury were randomized in parallel to receive EDVIP for 1 year (n = 65) or a waitlist control (n = 65). The primary outcome was to determine feasibility. Secondary outcomes are incidence, number/severity of repeat violence related injury, justice and education systems interactions, substance misuse and mental health presentations, and ED length of stay (LOS).

Results

This study established feasibility in recruitment, outcomes collection and safety. Fidelity and adherence measures required optimization during the study. Efficacy analysis of EDVIP vs. the control group demonstrates an absolute decrease of 10.4% in repeat violence related injury (13.7% vs. 24.1%) (p = 0.15), reduction in new interactions in the justice system (OR = 0.36 (0.07–1.77)), improved engagement in education (11.8% EDVIP vs. 7.6% control, p = 0.42) and no change in repeat visits for substance or mental health. LOS decreased by 59.5 min (p = 0.21).

Conclusions

This program is feasible for ED implementation and for completion of a future RCT to measure effectiveness.
Women Negotiating the Boundaries of Justice in Britain, 1300–1700: An Introduction
Authors: Shepard Alexandra , Stretton Tim
Published: October 2019

This introduction places the articles featured in this special issue of theJournal of British Studieswithin the context of recent scholarship on late medieval and early modern women and the law. It is designed to highlight the many boundaries that structured women's legal agency in Britain, including the procedural boundaries that filtered their voices through male advisers and officials, the jurisdictional boundaries that shaped litigation strategies, the constraints surrounding women's appearance as witnesses in court, the gendered differentiation of rights determined by primogeniture and marital property law, and the boundaries between legal and extralegal activity. Emphasizing the importance of a nuanced approach, it rejects the construction of women's litigation simply as a form of resistance to patriarchal norms and also urges caution against overestimating or oversimplifying the choices available to women in legal disputes or their latitude to operate as autonomous individuals. Gender intersected in British courts with locality, resources, jurisdiction, social status, and familial, religious, and political affiliations to inform different women's access to justice, which involved negotiations between unequal actors within various constraints and in complex alignment with multiple and often competing interests.
Worthless Witnesses? Marginal Voices and Women's Legal Agency in Early Modern England
Authors: Shepard Alexandra
Published: October 2019

This article explores the distribution of women witnesses in a selection of English church courts between the mid-sixteenth and early eighteenth centuries, in order to assess the extent to which women's participation as witnesses in these jurisdictions might be characterized as a form of legal agency. It shows that women's participation was highly contingent on their marital status and between places and over time and was shaped by the matters in dispute as well as the gender of the litigants for whom they testified. Although poverty did not exclude women witnesses (higher proportions of female witnesses than male claimed to be poor or of limited means), women were more vulnerable than were men to discrediting strategies that cast doubt on their authority in court. Such findings show that the incorporative dimensions of state formation did not deliver new forms of agency to women but depended heavily upon patriarchal norms and constraints.
Women, Marital Status, and Law: The Marital Spectrum in Seventeenth-Century Glasgow
Authors: Mason Rebecca
Published: October 2019

Early modern women are often categorized by historians in relation to their marital status—whether they appeared as single, married, or widowed women. These identifications reflected the effects of marriage on women's legal and social status. Focusing on the records of the burgh and commissary courts of seventeenth-century Glasgow, this article shows how Scottish women's legal status existed instead on a “marital spectrum,” including liminal phases prior to the formation of marriage as well as overlapping phases following remarriage after the death of a spouse. This spectrum situates women's legal claims in relation to their marital career, allowing for a closer reading of women's legal activities. Court clerks working in Glasgow documented women's varied marital, familial, and legal identities within the court records, a Scottish practice that can shed new light on how women negotiated the boundaries of justice in early modern courts of law.
Maternity and Justice in the Early Modern English Court of Chancery
Authors: Capern Amanda L.
Published: October 2019

This article is a case study of female litigants acting in the capacity of mother in the English equity court of Chancery between 1550 and 1700. It starts by asking how prevalent mothers were as plaintiffs and defendants in Chancery, though the burden of the article is a qualitative analysis of maternal narratives in Chancery pleadings and the use of gendered tropes such as “poor mother.” Stepmothers and women acting in loco parentis—aunts, grandmothers, and godmothers—have been included to reflect the full range of women who acted in a maternal role in early modern society and explain how they were portrayed, sometimes through aquerelle des femmeslens. The different legal strategies of mothers (and their lawyers) are examined in detail and the question of the “female voice” in the archives is addressed. The intention is to demonstrate how social and legal maternal identities were used to produce strategic storytelling by mothers and their lawyers in a rhetoric that they hoped would advantage their cases. More broadly, the article addresses questions about the structural connections between law and society, especially the construction of social identity and thehabitusand doctrine of equity.
On an analytical explanation of the phenomena observed in accelerated turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Javier García García F. , Fariñas Alvariño Pablo
Published: October 2019

This research presents a new theory that explains analytically the behaviour of any fully developed incompressible turbulent pipe flow, steady or unsteady. We propose the name of theory of underlying laminar flow (TULF), because its main consequence is the description of any turbulent pipe flow as the sum of two components: the underlying laminar flow (ULF) and the purely turbulent component (PTC). We use the framework of the TULF to explain analytically most of the important and interesting phenomena reported in He & Jackson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 408, 2000, pp. 1–38). To do so, we develop a simple model for the pressure gradient and Reynolds shear stress that could be applied to the linearly accelerated pipe flow described by He & Jackson (2000). The following features of the unsteady flow are explained: the deformation undergone by the mean velocity profiles during the transient, the velocity overshoot observed in the more rapid excursions, the dual deformation of mean velocity profiles when overshoots are present, the laminarisation effects described during acceleration, the rapid decrease of the Reynolds shear stress upon approaching the wall that brings forth the laminar sublayer, and some other minor effects. A new field is defined to characterise the degree of turbulence within the flow, directly calculable from the theory itself. Arguably, this new field would describe the degree of turbulence in a pipe flow more accurately than the familiar turbulence intensity parameter. Finally, a paradox is found in the deformation of the unsteady mean velocity profiles with respect to equal-Reynolds-number steady profiles, which is duly explained. The research also predicts the occurrence of mean velocity undershoots if the flow is decreased rapidly enough.
Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis and modelling of large-scale flow reorientations in a cubic Rayleigh–Bénard cell
Authors: Soucasse Laurent , Podvin Bérengère , Rivière Philippe , Soufiani Anouar
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the large-scale flow reorientations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a cubic cell using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis and modelling. A direct numerical simulation is performed for air at a Rayleigh number of $10^{7}$ and shows that the flow is characterized by four quasi-stable states, corresponding to a large-scale circulation lying in one of the two diagonal planes of the cube with a clockwise or anticlockwise motion, with occasional brief reorientations. Proper orthogonal decomposition is applied to the joint velocity and temperature fields of an enriched database which captures the statistical symmetries of the flow. We found that each quasi-stable state consists of a superposition of four spatial modes representing three types of structures: (i) a mean-flow mode consisting of two stacked counter-rotating torus-like structures; (ii) two large-scale two-dimensional rolls (pair of degenerated modes) which form large-scale diagonal rolls when combined together; and (iii) an eight-roll mode that transports fluid from one corner to the other and strengthens the circulation along the diagonal. In addition, we identified three other modes that play a role in the reorientation process: two boundary-layer modes (pair of degenerated modes) that connect the core region with the horizontal boundary layers and one mode associated with corner rolls. The symmetries of the different POD modes are discussed, as well as their temporal dynamics. A description of the reorientation process in terms of POD modes is provided and compared with other modal approaches available in the literature. Finally, Galerkin projection is used to derive a POD-based reduced-order model. Unresolved modes are accounted for in the model by an extra dissipation term and the addition of noise. A seven-mode model is able to reproduce the low-frequency dynamics of the large-scale reorientations as well as the high-frequency dynamics associated with the large-scale circulation rotation. Linear stability analysis and sensitivity analysis confirm the role of the boundary-layer modes and the corner-rolls mode in the reorientation process.
Rapid distortion theory on transversely sheared mean flows of arbitrary cross-section
Authors: Goldstein M. E. , Leib S. J. , Afsar M. Z.
Published: October 2019

This paper is concerned with rapid distortion theory on transversely sheared mean flows that (among other things) can be used to analyse the unsteady motion resulting from the interaction of a turbulent shear flow with a solid surface. It expands on a previous analysis of Goldsteinet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 824, 2017, pp. 477–512) that uses a pair of conservation laws to derive upstream boundary conditions for planar mean flows and extends these findings to transversely sheared flows of arbitrary cross-section. The results, which turn out to be quite general, are applied to the specific case of a round jet interacting with the trailing edge of a flat plate and are used to calculate the radiated sound field, which is then compared with experimental data taken at the NASA Glenn Research Center.
Analytical study for swimmers in a channel
Authors: Farutin A. , Wu H. , Hu W.-F. , Rafaï S. , Peyla P. , Lai M.-C. , Misbah C.
Published: October 2019

There is an overabundance of microswimmers in nature, including bacteria, algae, mammalian cells and so on. They use flagellum, cilia or global shape changes (amoeboid motion) to move forward. In the presence of confining channels, these swimmers exhibit often non-trivial behaviours, such as accumulation at the wall, navigation and so on, and their swimming speed may be strongly influenced by the geometric confinement. Several numerical studies have reported that the presence of walls either enhances or reduces the swimming speed depending on the nature of the swimmer, and also on the confinement. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical explanation of several previously obtained numerical results. We treat the case of amoeboid swimmers and the case of squirmers having either a tangential (the classical situation) or normal velocity prescribed at the swimmer surface (pumper). For amoeboid motion we consider a quasi-circular swimmer which allows us to tackle the problem analytically and to extract the equations of the motion of the swimmer, with several explicit analytical or semi-analytical solutions. It is found that the deformation of the amoeboid swimmer as well as a high enough order effect due to confinement are necessary in order to account for previous numerical results. The analytical theory accounts for several features obtained numerically also for non-deformable swimmers.
Turbulence at the Lee bound: maximally non-normal vortex filaments and the decay of a local dissipation rate
Authors: Keylock Christopher J.
Published: October 2019

This paper uses a tight mathematical bound on the degree of the non-normality of the turbulent velocity gradient tensor to classify flow behaviour within vortical regions (where the eigenvalues of the tensor contain a conjugate pair). Structures attaining this bound are preferentially generated where enstrophy exceeds total strain and there is a positive balance between strain production and enstrophy production. Lagrangian analysis of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence shows that attainment of this bound is associated with relatively short durations and an upper limit to the spatial extent of the flow structures that is similar to the Taylor scale. An analysis of the dynamically relevant terms using a recently developed formulation (Keylock, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 848, 2018, pp. 876–904), highlights the controls on this dynamics. In particular, in high enstrophy regions it is shown that the bound is attained when normal strain decreases rather than when non-normality increases. The near absence of normal total strain results in a source of intermittency in the dynamics of dissipation that is hidden in standard analyses. It is shown that of the two terms that contribute to the non-normal production dynamics, it is the one that is typically smallest in magnitude that is of greatest importance within these $\ell =1$ filaments. The typical distance between filament centroids is just less than a Taylor scale, implying a connection to the manner in which flow topology at the Taylor scale explains dissipation at smaller scales.
The Holodomor and Jews in Kyiv and Ukraine: An Introduction and Observations on a Neglected Topic
Authors: Khiterer Victoria
Published: October 2019

The Holodomor in Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 was a result of the collectivization policy of the Soviet government and took approximately 4 million lives. The Holodomor had a profound impact on the entire population of Ukraine. It badly affected the lives of Jews in Kyiv and Ukraine, and it damaged Jewish–gentile relations for many years. The famine occurred not only in rural areas, but also in the cities and towns of Ukraine. The Holodomor provoked a significant migration of Jews fromshtetlsto the large cities, particularly to Kyiv. Many desperate inhabitants of villages and towns fled to the large cities where they hoped to receive some aid. However, the overcrowded cities could not accommodate this flood of migrants. Anatolii Kuznetsov wrote inBabi Yar: A Document in the Form of a Novelthat if not for the Holodomor in Ukraine and Stalin’s repressions of the 1930s, the attitude of the Kyiv gentile population toward the Holocaust would perhaps have been different. People had gotten so used to the suffering of others, victims of the famine and political repression, that they remained mainly passive, silent, and indifferent toward the mass execution of Jews in Babi Yar during the Holocaust.
The effects of oral arginine on its metabolic pathways in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Martin Sarah , Desai Kaushik
Published: October 2019

Oral arginine supplements are popular mainly for their presumed vasodilatory benefit. Arginine is a substrate for at least four enzymes including nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase, but the impact of oral supplements on its different metabolic pathways is not clear. Deficiencies of arginine-metabolising enzymes are associated with conditions such as hyperammonaemia, endothelial dysfunction, central nervous system and muscle dysfunction, which complicate the use of oral arginine supplements. We examined the effect ofl-arginine (l-Arg) andd-arginine (d-Arg), each at 500 mg/kg per d in drinking water administered for 4 weeks to separate groups of 9-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats. We quantified the expression of enzymes and plasma, urine and organ levels of various metabolites of arginine.l-Arg significantly decreased cationic transporter-1 expression in the liver and the ileum and increased endothelial NOS expression in the aorta and the kidney and plasma nitrite levels, but did not affect the mean arterial pressure.l-Arg also decreased the expression of arginase II in the ileum, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase in the liver and the kidney and glyoxalase I in the liver, ileum and brain, but increased the expression of arginine decarboxylase and polyamines levels in the liver.d-Arg, the supposedly inert isomer, also unexpectedly affected the expression of some enzymes and metabolites. In conclusion, bothl- andd-Arg significantly affected enzymes and metabolites in several pathways that use arginine as a substrate and further studies with different doses and treatment durations are planned to establish their safety or adverse effects to guide their use as oral supplements.
Medical Necessity and the Public Funding of In Vitro Fertilization in Ontario
Authors: Cattapan Alana
Published: October 2019

The recognition of a health care service as medically necessary under the Canada Health Act is contingent on a variety of practical and political factors. This article examines how in vitro fertilization (IVF) came to be understood as a medically necessary service in Ontario, focusing on the establishment of public funding for one cycle of treatment. The article argues that the legitimacy of medical necessity in the contemporary period is tied to three interrelated factors: the recognition of a service as sufficiently “medical,” as efficient and as urgent—that is, something to be funded now and not later. By applying this framework to the case of IVF in Ontario, the article demonstrates not only the ongoing malleability of medical necessity but also how the government of Ontario has mobilized the three aspects of medical necessity to make a case for the public funding of a highly contested health care service.
ARSACID BEVERAGES IN LUCAN
Authors: Nabel Jake
Published: October 2019

In the eighth book of Lucan'sBellum Ciuile, Pompey sends the Galatian king Deiotarus into the distant East to seek an alliance with Parthia, the vast empire beyond the Euphrates ruled by the Arsacid dynasty. His instructions to Deiotarus begin with these lines (8.211–14):‘quando’ ait ‘Emathiis amissus cladibus orbis,qua Romanus erat, superest, fidissime regum,Eoam temptare fidempopulosque bibentisEuphraten et adhuc securum a Caesare Tigrim.’
MITHRIDATES THE PATRICIDE (VAL. MAX. 9.11.EXT.2)
Authors: Murray Jeffrey
Published: October 2019

In a chapter illustrating outrageous words and criminal deeds (dicta improba aut facta scelerata), Valerius Maximus, the Tiberian editor of exempla, includes in his list of foreign (externa) examples reference to an impious son, Mithridates, who fought with his father over who should rule (9.11.ext.2):

Mitridates autem multo sceleratius, qui non cum fratre de paterno regno, sed cum ipso patre bellum de dominatione gessit. in quo qui aut homines ullos adiutores inuenerit aut deos inuocare ausus sit, † pare admiratione habet †.
“A Day On, Not a Day Off”: Transforming Martin Luther King Day (1993–1999)
Authors: FLEMING DANIEL T.
Published: October 2019

Inspired by Martin Luther King's “Drum Major Instinct” sermon, President Bill Clinton signed the King Holiday and Service Act of 1994 and transformed the King holiday into a day of service. By linking the holiday to his community service initiatives, Clinton, and Coretta Scott King, encouraged Americans to continue King's work by helping America's poor through racially integrated service activities. Since the inaugural 1986 holiday, scholars have claimed that King Day abets amnesia more than it encourages remembrance; however, this reform illustrates that the holiday is an evolving and dynamic form of history that can be used to continue the work of the civil rights movement.
Socioeconomic and demographic predictors of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease among adults engaged in various occupations: evidence from India
Authors: Patel Sunita , Ram Usha , Ram Faujdar , Patel Surendra Kumar
Published: October 2019

In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for nearly 62% of all deaths in 2016. Four NCDs – high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease – together accounted for over 34% of these deaths. Using data from two rounds of the India Human Development Surveys (IHDSs), levels and changes in the prevalence rates of the four NCDs (based on diagnosed cases) among adults aged 15–69 years in India between 2004–05 and 2011–12 were examined by socioeconomic and demographic factors and for five broad occupation categories. The socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for each of these NCDs were determined using multiple linear logistic regression analysis of pooled data from two rounds of the IHDS. The results showed that while urban residence, age, female sex and education were associated with higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, household economic status was associated with higher odds for all four NCDs. Furthermore, increased higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease were found for the legislator/senior official/professional occupation group compared with non-workers. Skilled agricultural/elementary workers had lower odds of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease. Craft/machine-related trade workers had higher odds of high blood pressure and diabetes, and reduced odds of asthma and heart disease. Compared with non-workers, the odds ratios for asthma were lower for all other occupational categories. During the two study decades, the Government of India implemented several programmes designed to improve the health and well-being of its people. However, more focused attention on the adult population is needed, and special attention should be paid to the issue of the occupational health of the working population through the strict implementation of work place safety protocols and the removal of potential health hazards.
Updated modelling of the prevalence of immunodeficiency-associated long-term vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) excreters
Authors: Kalkowska D. A. , Pallansch M. A. , Thompson K. M.
Published: October 2019

Conditions and evidence continue to evolve related to the prediction of the prevalence of immunodeficiency-associated long-term vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) excreters, which affect assumptions related to forecasting risks and evaluating potential risk management options. Multiple recent reviews provided information about individual iVDPV excreters, but inconsistencies among the reviews raise some challenges. This analysis revisits the available evidence related to iVDPV excreters and provides updated model estimates that can support future risk management decisions. The results suggest that the prevalence of iVDPV excreters remains highly uncertain and variable, but generally confirms the importance of managing the risks associated with iVDPV excreters throughout the polio endgame in the context of successful cessation of all oral poliovirus vaccine use.
On the Brownian separable permuton
Authors: Maazoun Mickaël
Published: October 2019

The Brownian separable permuton is a random probability measure on the unit square, which was introduced by Bassino, Bouvel, Féray, Gerin and Pierrot (2016) as the scaling limit of the diagram of the uniform separable permutation as size grows to infinity. We show that, almost surely, the permuton is the pushforward of the Lebesgue measure on the graph of a random measure-preserving function associated to a Brownian excursion whose strict local minima are decorated with independent and identically distributed signs. As a consequence, its support is almost surely totally disconnected, has Hausdorff dimension one, and enjoys self-similarity properties inherited from those of the Brownian excursion. The density function of the averaged permuton is computed and a connection with the shuffling of the Brownian continuum random tree is explored.
STRONG COMPLETENESS OF MODAL LOGICS OVER 0-DIMENSIONAL METRIC SPACES
Authors: GOLDBLATT ROBERT , HODKINSON IAN
Published: October 2019

We prove strong completeness results for some modal logics with the universal modality, with respect to their topological semantics over 0-dimensional dense-in-themselves metric spaces. We also use failure of compactness to show that, for some languages and spaces, no standard modal deductive system is strongly complete.
Dual band circular polarized bow tie slotted patch antenna over high impedance surface for WiMAX application
Authors: Goodwilll Kumar , Singh Neha , Kartikeyan M.V.
Published: October 2019

A novel planar dual-band bow-tie slotted patch antenna backed by high-impedance surface (HIS) is designed at 2.5 and 3.5 GHz for wireless application. The antenna employs coplanar waveguide fed patch and bow-tie slot as radiating elements. The bow-tie slot enables dual-band operation for the antenna. The HIS is made asymmetric in design to make it polarization dependent. This polarization-dependent HIS is eventually designed to reflect circularly polarized waves from linearly polarized incident waves.
High-isolation diplexer based on dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonator
Authors: Song Kaijun , Luo Mou , Zhong Cuilin , Chen Yuxuan
Published: October 2019

A high-isolation diplexer based on a dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is proposed in this paper. Based on the theory of the dual-mode resonator, the miniaturized diplexers are designed by using the SIW dual-mode resonators. The superior isolation of the diplexers is obtained because the two operating modes of the dual-mode SIW resonators are not directly coupled and there is no interference with each other. In order to further improve the isolation of the circuit, the number of the order of the diplexer is added. Equivalent circuits are given to analyze and design the dual-mode high-isolation diplexers. Detailed analyses are given according to the equivalent circuits. The dual-mode third-order and fourth-order diplexers are designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. The total sizes of the fabricated third-order and fourth-order diplexers are 1.78λg × 2.64λg and 1.79λg × 3.63λg, respectively.
Seed retention of winter annual grass weeds at winter wheat harvest maturity shows potential for harvest weed seed control
Authors: Soni Neeta , Nissen Scott J. , Westra Philip , Norsworthy Jason K. , Walsh Michael J. , Gaines Todd A.
Published: October 2019

Downy brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass are problematic winter annual grasses in central Great Plains winter wheat production. Integrated control strategies are needed to manage winter annual grasses and reduce selection pressure exerted on these weed populations by the limited herbicide options currently available. Harvest weed-seed control (HWSC) methods aim to remove or destroy weed seeds, thereby reducing seed-bank enrichment at crop harvest. An added advantage is the potential to reduce herbicide-resistant weed seeds that are more likely to be present at harvest, thereby providing a nonchemical resistance-management strategy. Our objective was to assess the potential for HWSC of winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat by measuring seed retention at harvest and destruction percentage in an impact mill. During 2015 and 2016, 40 wheat fields in eastern Colorado were sampled. Seed retention was quantified and compared per weed species by counting seed retained above the harvested fraction of the wheat upper canopy (15 cm and above), seed retained below 15 cm, and shattered seed on the soil surface at wheat harvest. A stand-mounted impact mill device was used to determine the percent seed destruction of grass weed species in processed wheat chaff. Averaged across both years, seed retention (±SE) was 75% ± 2.9%, 90% ± 1.7%, and 76% ± 4.3% for downy brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass, respectively. Seed retention was most variable for downy brome, because 59% of the samples had at least 75% seed retention, whereas the proportions for feral rye and jointed goatgrass samples with at least 75% seed retention were 93% and 70%, respectively. Weed seed destruction percentages were at least 98% for all three species. These results suggest HWSC could be implemented as an integrated strategy for winter annual grass management in central Great Plains winter wheat cropping systems.