bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Mechanical Machining Technology: A New Solution That Integrates Blades to the Implant to Control the Stress to the Peri-Implant Cortical Bone
Authors: Ferri Mauro , Guzzo Marco , Omori Hiroyuki , Hazama Yuma , Masotta Nicodemo Vittorio , Botticelli Daniele
Published: October 2024

Background: To prevent excessive compression of the cortical layer, which can lead to marginal bone loss, various companies have introduced specialized drills. However, these drills often lack the necessary precision, as the operator’s hand may neither be stable enough to prevent ovalization and over-widening nor precise enough to maintain coaxial alignment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a device capable of achieving calibrated cortical preparation in terms of both dimension and coaxiality. Methods: A machining technology based on drilling principles was employed to create the device. Results: Nine blades were incorporated between the transmucosal neck and the implant threads, enabling the blades to cut the cortical bone coaxially during the implant insertion process. Conclusions: The primary goal of this study was to develop an implant capable of achieving calibrated cortical bone preparation, ensuring both precise dimensional control and coaxial alignment. This design incorporates integrated blades that allow for controlled cortical decompression, helping to manage radial compressive stresses during implant placement. Although the experimental studies cited were conducted independently of this research, they validate the functional efficacy of this implant design, demonstrating its ability to promote osseointegration and preserve marginal bone. The results suggest that this implant configuration holds the potential for improving clinical outcomes, particularly in cases where bone quality or density poses challenges to implant stability.
Engineering Docetaxel Micelles for Enhanced Cancer Therapy Through Intermolecular Forces
Authors: Wang Hao , Gong Feirong , Liu Jiajie , Xiang Lanlan , Hu Yanfen , Che Wenchen , Li Ran , Yang Sisi , Zhuang Qixin , Teng Xin
Published: October 2024

Docetaxel has exhibited excellent therapeutic effects in cancer treatment; however, its hydrophobicity, short blood circulation time, and high blood toxicity restrict its clinical application. The use of mPEG-PLA micelles to deliver docetaxel into the body has been verified as an effective approach to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. However, mPEG-PLA micelles are easily disassembled in the bloodstream, which can easily lead to premature drug release. To broaden the application scenarios of mPEG PLA micelles, we utilized the π–π stacking effect as an intermolecular force to design a novel mPEG-PLA-Lys(Fmoc) micelle to enhance the blood stability and permeability of drug-loaded micelles. The result showed that drug-loaded micelles for injection did not alter the tissue selectivity of docetaxel. Intravenous injection of the micelles in nude mice showed better antitumor efficacy than docetaxel injection and tumor recurrence rate is 0%, which is significantly lower than that of docetaxel injection (100%). The micelles designed by this research institute are anticipated to improve the clinical therapeutic effect of docetaxel.
An In Vitro Comparative Analysis of Physico–Mechanical Properties of Commercial and Experimental Bioactive Endodontic Sealers
Authors: Kashaf Abdulmajeed , Alonaizan Faisal , Almulhim Khalid S. , Almohazey Dana , Alotaibi Deemah Abdullah , Akhtar Sultan , Shetty Ashwin C. , Khan Abdul Samad
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of root and sealer penetration after obturation using an epoxy resin sealer AH plus (AH+) and two different bioactive endodontic sealers, i.e., Totalfill BC Hiflow (TF BC), and experimental injectable bioactive glass (Exp.BG). A thermo-sensitive injectable sealer was prepared by using a non-ionic triblock copolymer and bioactive glass. The root canals of human extracted teeth were obturated with the respective sealers. The fracture resistance was analyzed at different time intervals, i.e., days 7, 30, and 90. The morphological and elemental analyses of the fractured roots were conducted with a scanning electron microscopy and a electron dispersive spectroscopy. Sealer penetration depth and the percentage of penetrated sealers into the dentinal tubules were assessed with the confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey’s test. The mean fracture force in AH+ was significantly higher on day 30 (664.08 ± 138.8 N) compared to day 7 (476.07 ± 173.2 N) and day 90 (493.38 ± 120.18 N). There was no statistically significant difference between the TF BC and Exp.BG at different time intervals. The maximum penetration was observed in the middle region compared to coronal and apical for the Exp.BG, followed by the TF BC and AH+ groups; however, a nonsignificant difference in penetration was found over time. It is concluded that the TF BC group showed overall better fracture resistance than AH+ at day 90. Exp.BG showed comparable sealer penetration to those of TF BC and better than those of AH+.
Exploring the Discriminant Validity of the Modified Arm Care Screen (MACS), Designed for Overhead Athletes, in Detecting Musculoskeletal Risk Factors in the General Population
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Eleftherios , Pentheroudaki Styliani , Papandreou Maria
Published: October 2024

Background: Shoulder pain is the third most common musculoskeletal issue in primary care, affecting up to 50% of patients six months post-consultation, leading to significant functional impairments and societal costs, especially due to sick leave. Shoulder injuries are particularly prevalent among ‘overhead athletes’ in sports like swimming, volleyball, and handball, with high injury rates reported annually. Screening tools like the Arm Care Screen (ACS) have been used to effectively identify athletes at risk of shoulder injuries. However, their applicability to the general population is less understood. This study aimed to assess the discriminant validity of a modified ACS (MACS) in detecting musculoskeletal risk factors among non-athletes. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 asymptomatic subjects over 18, excluding those with a history of shoulder injuries or surgeries. The MACS, comprising four tests, was administered, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated through sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. Results: The results indicated low sensitivity (0–47.62%) and variable specificity (55.56–100%), suggesting that the MACS may not effectively identify risk factors in the general population. Positive and negative predictive values were inconsistent (ranging from 0 to 100), as well as positive and negative likelihood ratios (ranging from 0 to 3.47), highlighting the need for non-athlete-specific screening tools. Conclusion: While the MACS shows promise in athletes, its application in the general population requires further refinement. This study underscores the necessity for tailored screening methods to enhance the early detection and prevention of musculoskeletal issues in diverse populations.
Specific and Polyfunctional T Cell Response Against N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor in an Autoantibody-Mediated Encephalitis Model
Authors: Lesec Léonie , Serrier Julien , Seillier Célia , Bernay Benoit , Regnauld Caroline , Furon Jonathane , Leprince Jérôme , Lefranc Benjamin , Vivien Denis , Docagne Fabian , Le Mauff Brigitte , Toutirais Olivier
Published: October 2024

Background: Anti-N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoimmune encephalitis (NMDAR AE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe psychiatric and neurological symptoms. While the pathogenic role of antibodies (Abs) directed against the GluN1 subunit of NMDAR is well described in this disease, the immune mechanisms involved in the generation of the autoimmune B cell response, especially the role of T helper cells, are poorly understood. Previously, we developed a B-cell-mediated mouse model of NMDAR AE by immunization with a GluN1359–378 peptide that drives a series of symptoms that recapitulate AE such as anxiety behaviour and spatial memory impairment. Results: In this mouse model, we identified anti-GluN1-specific CD4+ but also CD8+ T cells in both spleen and meninges. T helper cells have a polyfunctional profile, arguing for a T and B cell crosstalk to generate anti-GluN1 pathogenic Abs. Interestingly, proteomic analysis of AE meninges showed enrichment of differentially expressed proteins in biological processes associated with B cell activation and cytokine signalling pathways. Conclusions: This study identified, for the first time, a potential contribution of T helper cells in the pathology of NMDAR AE and paved the way for the development of future tolerogenic approaches to treat relapses.
Antipathogenic Activity of Betainized Polyethyleneimine Sprays Without Toxicity
Authors: Suner Selin S. , Ayyala Ramesh S. , Sahiner Nurettin
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The design of alternative antipathogenic sprays has recently attracted much attention due to the limitations of existing formulations, such as toxicity and low and narrow efficacy. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a great antimicrobial polymer against a wide range of pathogens, but toxicity limits its use. Here, betainized PEI (B-PEI) was synthesized to decrease the toxicity of PEI and protonated with citric acid (CA), boric acid (BA), and HCl to improve antimicrobial activity. Methods: Cytotoxicity of the PEI-based solutions was determined on L929 fibroblast cells. Antibacterial/fungal activity of PEI-based antipathogenic sprays was investigated by microtiter and disc diffusion assays, in addition to bacterial viability and adhesion % of common bacteria and fungi on the PEI-treated masks. Furthermore, the antiviral effect of the PEI-based solutions was determined against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Results: The biosafe concentration of PEI was determined as 1 μg/mL with 75 ± 11% cell viability, but B-PEI and its protonated forms had great biocompatibility even at 1000 μg/mL with more than 85% viability. The antibacterial/fungal effect of non-toxic B-PEI was improved by protonation with BA and HCl with 2.5–10 mg/mL minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBCs/MFCs). Bacterial/fungal viability and adhesion on the mask was almost eliminated by using 50 μL with 5–10 mg/mL of B-PEI-BA. Both protonated bare and betainized PEI show potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Conclusions: The toxicity of PEI was overcome by using betainized forms of PEI (B-PEI). Furthermore, the antimicrobial and antiviral efficacy of PEI and B-PEI was improved by protonation with CA, BA, and HCl of amine groups on B-PEI. B-PEI-BA spray solution has great potential as an antipathogenic spray with broad-spectrum antimicrobial potency against harmful bacteria, fungi, and viruses without any toxicity.
Non-Palpable Breast Cancer: A Targeting Challenge–Comparison of Radio-Guided vs. Wire-Guided Localization Techniques
Authors: Drozgyik András , Kollár Dániel , Dankházi Levente , Harmati István Á. , Szalay Krisztina , Molnár Tamás F.
Published: October 2024

Background: The incidence of non-palpable breast cancer is increasing due to widespread screening and neo-adjuvant therapies. Among the available tumor localization techniques, radio-guided occult lesion localization (ROLL) has largely replaced wire-guided localization (WGL). The aim of this study was to compare the ROLL and WGL techniques in terms of the effectiveness of isotopic marking of axillary sentinel lymph nodes and to assess patient perspectives along with surgeon and radiologist preferences. Methods: A single-center, prospective, randomized study enrolled 110 patients with non-palpable breast lesions (56 ROLL, 54 WGL). Breast type, tumor volume, location, histological and radiological features, and localization/surgical duration were evaluated in the context of sentinel lymph node marking using isotope (technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin) and blue dye. Statistical analysis was performed with significance set at p < 0.05 and strong significance at p < 0.01. Results: A single-center, prospective, randomized study enrolled 110 patients with non-palpable breast lesions (56 ROLL, 54 WGL). Breast type, tumor volume, location, histological and radiological features, and localization/surgical duration were evaluated in the context of sentinel lymph node marking using isotope (technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin) and blue dye. Statistical analysis was performed with significance set at p < 0.05 and strong significance at p < 0.01. Conclusions: While ROLL provided advantages in terms of patient comfort and logistical simplicity, WGL was superior for axillary sentinel lymph node marking, particularly in inner quadrant tumors, suggesting that WGL may be preferred in these cases.
Autonomic Modulation in Parkinson’s Disease Using Whole-Body Cryostimulation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Piterà Paolo , Cremascoli Riccardo , Bianchi Laura , Borghesi Francesca , Verme Federica , Cattaldo Stefania , Prina Elisa , Mai Stefania , Cipresso Pietro , Galli Federica , Fontana Jacopo Maria , Priano Lorenzo , Mauro Alessandro , Capodaglio Paolo
Published: October 2024

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder that progressively affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This pilot study aimed to examine the effects of repeated whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) sessions on the sympathovagal balance in PD patients and correlate heart rate variability (HRV) indexes with peripheral biomarkers of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Methods: Seventeen PD patients with mild to moderate motor severity underwent a 10-session WBC cycle over 5 consecutive days. Thirteen patients (6 males, 7 females; mean age 64.5 ± 9.01 years; mean disease duration 5.4 ± 2.3 years) completed the protocol. Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed through HRV measures including RR interval variability (RR mean, RR min, RR max), power density of high and low frequencies (HF, LF), RMSSD, and the LF/HF ratio. Systemic sympathetic activity was evaluated via circulating blood catecholamine levels. Results: Significant increases were observed in RR mean, RR min, RR max, RMSSD, and HF spectrum, indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity. Blood pressure remained stable, suggesting safety. Conclusions: These findings provide initial support to WBC as a potential “rehabilitation booster” in PD, enhancing sympathovagal balance. Further research is needed to explore the long-term benefits of WBC in PD management.
Comparative Analysis of Osteoarthritis Therapeutics: A Justification for Harnessing Retrospective Strategies via an Inverted Pyramid Model Approach
Authors: Ehlen Quinn T. , Jahn Jacob , Rizk Ryan C. , Best Thomas M.
Published: October 2024

In this review, we seek to explore two distinct approaches to the clinical management of OA: a prospective approach, addressing primarily one’s genetic predisposition to OA and generating early intervention options, and the retrospective approach, aimed at halting or reversing OA progression post-symptom onset. The clinical management of OA remains challenging, largely due to the limited availability of preventative treatments and failure of existing therapies to modify or reverse the underlying pathophysiology. The prospective approach involves the identification of genetic markers associated with OA and utilizes in vitro and in vivo models to characterize the underlying disease mechanism. Further, this approach focuses on identifying genetic predispositions and unique molecular subtypes of OA to develop individualized treatment plans based on patient genotypes. While the current literature investigating this strategy has been notable, this approach faces substantial challenges, such as extensive time burdens and utilization of extensive genetic testing that may not be economically feasible. Additionally, there is questionable justification for such extensive investigations, given OA’s relatively low mortality rates and burden when contrasted with diseases like specific forms of cancer, which rely heavily on the prospective approach. Alternatively, the retrospective approach primarily focuses on intervention following symptom onset and aims to utilize novel therapeutics to slow or reverse the inflammatory cascade typically seen in disease progression. These treatments, like Hippo pathway inhibitors, have shown initial promise in halting OA progression and alleviating OA symptomology by modulating cellular processes to preserve articular cartilage. In comparison to the prospective approach, the retrospective strategy is likely more cost-effective, more widely applicable, and does not necessitate thorough and invasive genetic screening. However, this approach must still be weighed against the typical natural history of disease progression, which frequently results in total knee arthroplasty and unacceptable outcomes for 15–20% of patients. From a comparative analysis of these two approaches, this review argues that the retrospective strategy, with ideally lower time and economic burden and greater accessibility, offers a more reasonable and effective solution in the context of OA management. Using a similar approach to other management of chronic diseases, we suggest an “Inverted Pyramid” model algorithm, a structured research and development regimen that prioritizes generating widely effective therapies first, with subsequent refinement of treatments based on the development of patient resistance to these therapies. We argue that this strategy may reduce the need for total knee arthroplasty while improving patient outcomes and accessibility.
Recent Advances in Antibacterial Strategies Based on TiO2 Biomimetic Micro/Nano-Structured Surfaces Fabricated Using the Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Guo Zilin , Liu Hanpeng , Wang Wuzhi , Hu Zijun , Li Xiaofang , Chen Hao , Wang Kefeng , Li Zhaoyang , Yuan Caideng , Ge Xiang
Published: October 2024

Ti and its alloys, widely utilized in orthopedic and dental implants, inherently lack antibacterial properties, posing significant infection risks, especially in the context of growing antibiotic resistance. This review critically evaluates non-antibiotic antibacterial strategies, with a particular focus on surface modifications and micro/nano-structured surfaces. Micro/nano-structured surfaces, inspired by natural topographies, utilize physical mechanisms to eradicate bacteria. Despite their potential, the antibacterial efficacy of these surfaces remains insufficient for clinical application. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), known for its excellent photocatalytic antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, is emerging as an ideal candidate for enhancing micro/nano-structured surfaces. By combining the photocatalytic antibacterial effects of TiO2 with the mechanical bactericidal properties of micro/nano-structured surfaces, superior antibacterial performance can be achieved. The hydrothermal method is frequently employed to fabricate TiO2 micro/nano-structured surfaces, and this area of research continues to thrive, particularly in the development of antibacterial strategies. With demonstrated efficacy, combined antibacterial strategies based on TiO2 micro/nano-structured surfaces have become a prominent focus in current research. Consequently, the integration of physical stimulation and chemical release mechanisms may represent the future direction for TiO2 micro/nano-structured surfaces. This review aims to advance the study of TiO2 micro/nano-structured surfaces in antibacterial applications and to inspire more effective non-antibiotic antibacterial solutions.
Compliant Grasp Control Method for the Underactuated Prosthetic Hand Based on the Estimation of Grasping Force and Muscle Stiffness with sEMG
Authors: Xu Xiaolei , Deng Hua , Zhang Yi , Yi Nianen
Published: October 2024

Human muscles can generate force and stiffness during contraction. When in contact with objects, human hands can achieve compliant grasping by adjusting the grasping force and the muscle stiffness based on the object’s characteristics. To realize humanoid-compliant grasping, most prosthetic hands obtain the stiffness parameter of the compliant controller according to the environmental stiffness, which may be inconsistent with the amputee’s intention. To address this issue, this paper proposes a compliant grasp control method for an underactuated prosthetic hand that can directly obtain the control signals for compliant grasping from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. First, an estimation method of the grasping force is established based on the Huxley muscle model. Then, muscle stiffness is estimated based on the muscle contraction principle. Subsequently, a relationship between the muscle stiffness of the human hand and the stiffness parameters of the prosthetic hand controller is established based on fuzzy logic to realize compliant grasp control for the underactuated prosthetic hand. Experimental results indicate that the prosthetic hand can adjust the desired force and stiffness parameters of the impedance controller based on sEMG, achieving a quick and stable grasp as well as a slow and gentle grasp on different objects.
Binding of Glutamic Acid to Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Investigated by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Mohaček-Grošev Vlasta , Škrabić Marko , Gebavi Hrvoje , Blažek Bregović Vesna , Marić Ivan , Amendola Vincenzo , Grdadolnik Jože
Published: October 2024

Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter, which is relevant for the study of several diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer. It is the form L-glutamic acid (Glu) takes at physiologically relevant pHs. The surface-enhanced Raman spectra of Glu obtained at pH values ranging from 3.3 to 12 are collected in the presence of silver and gold colloids and on solid substrates. The observed bands are compared with the positions of calculated normal modes for free neutral glutamic acid, glutamic acid monohydrate, glutamic acid bound to gold and silver atoms, and sodium glutamate. Although gold atoms prefer to bind to the NH2 group as compared to carbonyl groups, silver atoms prefer binding to hydroxyl groups more than binding to the amino group. SERS spectra of glutamic acid solutions with a pH value of 12, in which both carboxylic groups are deprotonated, indicate a complexation of the glutamic acid dianion with the sodium cation, which was introduced into the solution to adjust the pH value. Further research towards an optimal substrate is needed.
The Effect of Temporary Group Identity on Adolescent Social Mindfulness Decisions: An Empirical Study Using Team Sports Contexts
Authors: Tao Tao , Guo Wei , Wang Biye
Published: October 2024

Social mindfulness entails the consideration of the interests of others while respecting their autonomy. Although long-term group identity generates in-group favoritism in social mindfulness decisions, the effect of temporary group identity on social mindfulness remains to be validated. This study examined this effect by recruiting a convenience sample of 74 adolescents from a youth basketball club, who were randomly assigned to either an in-group or out-group decision-making condition. A basketball game scenario was used to establish temporary group identities, referencing the Minimal Group paradigm for grouping while applying the SoMi paradigm in a real-world context. The results showed that adolescents exhibited higher social mindfulness (χ2 = 22.774, df = 1, p < 0.001) and preference-adjusted social mindfulness (χ2 = 6.861, df = 1, p < 0.01) toward in-group compared to out-group members. Conversely, they displayed higher levels of preference-adjusted social hostility toward out-group members (χ2 = 11.291, df = 1, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that even temporary group identities, formed in a sports setting, can lead to intergroup bias in adolescents’ social decision-making, promoting goodwill toward the in-group while restricting the autonomy of out-group members.
Construction Cost-Influencing Factors: Insights from a Survey of Engineers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mosly Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Cost overruns represent a continuous challenge within the construction industry, frequently affecting the success of projects. This study explores the factors influencing cost during the construction phase in Saudi Arabia, utilizing data from a survey of 1076 engineers working in the Saudi construction industry. The results identify a number of cost-related factors, including inadequate project management, poor cost estimation, and design errors. Interestingly, some factors, such as currency exchange rate fluctuations and social and cultural influences, were found to have a limited impact on construction costs. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of experience and education level in shaping engineers’ perceptions of these cost factors. The study employs statistical analysis, including Pearson’s chi-squared test, to demonstrate associations between demographics, project characteristics, and cost-influencing factors. The findings suggest the need for refined project management practices, enhanced technical training, and the implementation of digital technologies such as Construction 4.0 to mitigate cost-related risks. This research provides significant insights for construction professionals and policymakers seeking to enhance cost management within the Saudi construction sector, thereby contributing to the ongoing development initiatives aligned with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.
Exploring Soundscape Assessment Methods in Office Environments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rachman Zulfi , Aletta Francesco , Kang Jian
Published: October 2024

The application of the soundscape approach is becoming increasingly prevalent in the evaluation of indoor acoustic environments, including office environments. However, the formalisation and standardisation of soundscape assessment methods for offices remain in the early stages, highlighting the need for further development. This systematic review explores the methods and factors involved in soundscape assessments within office environments, which are intended to contribute to creating or improving comprehensive and widely accepted protocols. This review includes 41 studies, revealing that questionnaires (n = 36) are the most commonly used subjective tools, occasionally supplemented by interviews (n = 1). Some studies employ a combination of questionnaire and interview (n = 2), questionnaire and discussion (n = 1), or all three methods—questionnaire, interview, and discussion (n = 1). Meanwhile, direct acoustic measurements (n = 28) and cognitive tasks (n = 14) are often employed for objective evaluations. Additionally, the review categorises factors involved in objective and subjective soundscape assessments into acoustic and non-acoustic elements. It also identifies tools frequently used to assess the correlation between soundscapes and physical and psychological well-being. Collectively, this review underscores the critical factors for comprehensive soundscape assessments in office environments.
Research on the Green Construction Technology of Stilt Houses Based on the Climate Adaptation of Transitional Seasons
Authors: Zhang Ning , Cai Yunzhu , Jin Yue , Cai Hua , Qin Yingfeng , Li Wenxuan , Ren Yue , He Junshi , Liu Ziyi
Published: October 2024

Stilt houses are extremely adaptable to terrain and climate. However, current indoor thermal environment research in transitional seasons is not prominent. Therefore, in this research, a typical stilt house in southwest China was chosen as the research object and analyzed by combining Climate Consultant climate analysis software and field measurement data. The results showed that the indoor thermal stability of a stilt house was excellent during the transition season, and the attic had the most obvious climate regulation, with the maximum temperature difference between indoors and outdoors being 9 °C when the outdoor temperature was the highest. The difference between the mean radiant temperature and the average air temperature was only 0.04 °C, and the radiant effect of the enclosure on the interior was small. The indoor relative humidity ranged from 63.2% to 85.1%, showing high relative humidity, but the fluctuation was relatively stable. Stilt floors did not play a significant role in climate regulation during the transition season, and the semi-open space structure was more prone to moisture accumulation when the outdoor humidity was high. Regarding practical application, the climate adaptation strategies of shading, cooling, and dehumidification were applied in the transition season, but dehumidification was ineffective.
Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies
Authors: Mao Linqing , Peng Miao , Tian Zixuan , Liu Bin , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2024

As an integral part of the urban public health infrastructure, public toilets play a significant role in shaping a city’s image. With the advancement of the economy, people have increasingly higher expectations for public toilets. While existing standards primarily focus on physical indicators, there is still room to incorporate measures that prioritize humanistic care. Therefore, based on the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation in Public Spaces (HRWS-PS) standards, this study develops a comprehensive index system for public toilets with a specific emphasis on humanistic care, utilizing expert questionnaires and employing methods such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight, and highlights safety and quality as paramount concerns for users, followed by usability and accessibility as secondary needs. Acceptability, which encompasses additional amenities, depends on meeting these secondary needs through solid basic design and construction practices. Affordability, related to consumer costs, is comparatively less demanding. By applying this framework, an analysis of the current state of upgrading urban public toilets in Shijiazhuang was conducted, leading to recommendations for improvements across four key areas: environmental sanitation, architectural design, infrastructure development, and urban planning. The final results provide practical insights for evaluating and suggesting enhancements to ongoing toilet revolution initiatives and urban basic service facilities while also informing urban renewal efforts and designs.
A Review of Reliability Research in Regional Integrated Energy System: Indicator, Modeling, and Assessment Methods
Authors: Li Da , Xu Peng , Gu Jiefan , Zhu Yi
Published: October 2024

The increasing complexity of integrated energy systems has made reliability assessment a critical challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reliability assessment in Regional Integrated Energy Systems (RIES), focusing on key aspects such as reliability indicators, modeling approaches, and evaluation techniques. This study highlights the role of renewable energy sources and examines the coupling relationships within RIES. Energy hub models and complex network theory are identified as significant in RIES modeling, while probabilistic load flow analysis shows promise in handling renewable energy uncertainties. This paper also explores the potential of machine learning methods and multi-objective optimization approaches in enhancing system reliability. By proposing an integrated assessment framework, this study addresses this research gap in reliability evaluation under high renewable energy penetration scenarios. The findings contribute to the advancement of reliability assessment methodologies for integrated energy systems, supporting the development of more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructures.
Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Detailed Analysis of Clinico-Pathological Characteristics as Prognostic Factors
Authors: Aboelnasr Lamia Sabry , Meehan Hannah , Saso Srdjan , Yagüe Ernesto , El-Bahrawy Mona
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, with high-grade (HGSOC) and low-grade (LGSOC) subtypes presenting distinct clinical behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate histopathologic features in SOC, correlating these with prognostic outcomes, and explore the potential clinical implications. Methods: We analysed 51 SOC cases for lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), tumour border configuration (TBC), microvessel density (MVD), tumour budding (TB), the tumour–stroma ratio (TSR), the stromal type, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). A validation cohort of 54 SOC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used for comparison. Results: In the discovery set, significant predictors of aggressive behaviour included LVSI, high MVD, high TB, and low TILs. These findings were validated in the validation set where the absence of TLSs, lower peritumoural TILs, immature stromal type, and low TSR were associated with worse survival outcomes. The stromal type was identified as an independent prognostic predictor in SOC across both datasets. Inter-observer variability analysis demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement for these features, ensuring the reproducibility of the findings. Conclusions: The histopathological evaluation of immune and stromal features, such as TILs, TLSs, TB, TSR, and stromal type, provides critical prognostic information for SOC. Incorporating these markers into routine pathological assessments could enhance risk stratification and guide treatment, offering practical utility, particularly in low-resource settings when molecular testing is not feasible.
How Psychophysical Stress Can Mediate the Effects of Anxiety and Depression on the Overall Quality of Life and Well-Being in Women Undergoing Hereditary Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Caruso Anita , Condello Caterina , Maggi Gabriella , Vigna Cristina , D’Antonio Giovanna , Gallo Laura , Guariglia Lara , Savarese Antonella , Casu Giulia , Gremigni Paola
Published: October 2024

Background: Women undergoing genetic counseling for hereditary breast cancer often experience a high emotional burden. Distress and stress in the initial phases of genetic counseling can be significant predictors of long-term psychological health, influencing quality of life and well-being. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of psychophysical stress in the relationship of anxiety and depression with quality of life and well-being in women undergoing genetic counseling for BRCA1/2 mutations. Methods: A sample of 193 women from two genetic counseling clinics was assessed using validated questionnaires measuring the psychological variables under study. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also considered. Results: The results of path analyses indicated a mediating role of psychophysical stress on the relationship between emotional distress and mental quality of life and well-being: higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with increased psychophysical stress, which, in turn, was linked to a reduced perceived mental quality of life and well-being. Depression was the only significant psychological predictor of physical quality of life. Conclusions: These findings indicate that addressing both anxiety and depression in genetic counseling is crucial for enhancing mental and overall well-being. Interventions should focus on stress management to improve the quality of life, emphasizing depression treatment to enhance physical health outcomes.
An Overview of Myeloid Blast-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Pamuk Gulsum E. , Ehrlich Lori A.
Published: October 2024

Myeloid blast-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (MBP-CML) is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis. It is twice as common as lymphoid blast-phase CML, and its prognosis is poorer. Despite the success with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic-phase CML, the same does not hold true for MBP-CML. In addition to the Philadelphia chromosome, other chromosomal and molecular changes characterize rapid progression. Although some progress in elucidating the biology of MBP-CML has been made, there is need to discover more in order to develop more satisfactory treatment options. Currently, most common treatment options include tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as monotherapy or in combination with acute myeloid leukemia-based intensive chemotherapy regimens. Some patients may develop resistance to TKIs via BCR-ABL1-dependent or BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms. In this paper, we provide an overview of the biology of MBP-CML, the current treatment approaches, and mechanisms of resistance to TKIs. In order to improve treatment responses in these patients, more emphasis should be placed on understanding the biology of myeloid blastic transformation in CML and mechanisms of resistance to TKIs. Although patient numbers are small, randomized clinical trials should be considered.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis Detection in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Baeten Ilse G. T. , Hoogendam Jacob P. , Stathonikos Nikolas , Gerestein Cornelis G. , Jonges Geertruida N. , van Diest Paul J. , Zweemer Ronald P.
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives: Pathological ultrastaging, an essential part of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, involves serial sectioning and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in order to reliably detect clinically relevant metastases. However, ultrastaging is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. Deep learning algorithms offer a potential solution by assisting pathologists in efficiently assessing serial sections for metastases, reducing workload and costs while enhancing accuracy. This proof-of-principle study evaluated the effectiveness of a deep learning algorithm for SLN metastasis detection in early-stage cervical cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed whole slide images (WSIs) of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained SLNs from early-stage cervical cancer patients diagnosed with an SLN metastasis with either H&E or IHC. A CE-IVD certified commercially available deep learning algorithm, initially developed for detection of breast and colon cancer lymph node metastases, was employed off-label to assess its sensitivity in cervical cancer. Results: This study included 21 patients with early-stage cervical cancer, comprising 15 with squamous cell carcinoma, five with adenocarcinoma, and one with clear cell carcinoma. Among these patients, 10 had macrometastases and 11 had micrometastases in at least one SLN. The algorithm was applied to evaluate H&E WSIs of 47 SLN specimens, including 22 that were negative for metastasis, 13 with macrometastases, and 12 with micrometastases in the H&E slides. The algorithm detected all H&E macro- and micrometastases with 100% sensitivity. Conclusions: This proof-of-principle study demonstrated high sensitivity of a deep learning algorithm for detection of clinically relevant SLN metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer, despite being originally developed for adenocarcinomas of the breast and colon. Our findings highlight the potential of leveraging an existing algorithm for use in cervical cancer, warranting further prospective validation in a larger population.
QSOX1 Modulates Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration In Vitro and Invasion In Vivo
Authors: Dutt Reetika , Thorpe Colin , Galileo Deni S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of free thiols to generate disulfide bonds in a variety of proteins, including the cell surface and extracellular matrix. QSOX1 has been reported to be upregulated in a number of cancers, and the overexpression of QSOX1 has been correlated with aggressive cancers and poor patient prognosis. Glioblastoma (GBM) brain cancer has been practically impossible to treat effectively, with cells that rapidly invade normal brain tissue and escape surgery and other treatment. Thus, there is a crucial need to understand the multiple mechanisms that facilitate GBM cell invasion and to determine if QSOX1 is involved. Methods and Results: Here, we investigated the function of QSOX1 in human glioblastoma cells using two cell lines derived from T98G cells, whose proliferation, motility, and invasiveness has been shown by us to be dependent on disulfide bond-containing adhesion and receptor proteins, such as L1CAM and the FGFR. We lentivirally introduced shRNA to attenuate the QSOX1 protein expression in one cell line, and a Western blot analysis confirmed the decreased QSOX1 expression. A DNA content/cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry revealed 27% fewer knockdown cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle, indicating a reduced proliferation. A cell motility analysis utilizing our highly quantitative SuperScratch time-lapse microscopy assay revealed that knockdown cells migrated more slowly, with a 45% decrease in migration velocity. Motility was partly rescued by the co-culture of knockdown cells with control cells, indicating a paracrine effect. Surprisingly, knockdown cells exhibited increased motility when assayed using a Transwell migration assay. Our novel chick embryo orthotopic xenograft model was used to assess the in vivo invasiveness of knockdown vs. control cells, and tumors developed from both cell types. However, fewer invasive knockdown cells were observed after about a week. Conclusions: Our results indicate that an experimental reduction in QSOX1 expression in GBM cells leads to decreased cell proliferation, altered in vitro migration, and decreased in vivo invasion.
A Systematic Review of the Use of Surgical Checklists in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour
Authors: Botros Abram , Rival Paul M. , Davis Ian D. , Sengupta Shomik
Published: October 2024

Context: Surgical checklists have previously been shown to improve surgical quality and patient outcomes. However, their use in transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), one of the most commonly performed urological procedures, has yet to be explored in depth. Objective: To evaluate the effect of surgical checklist implementation in TURBT on documentation quality, specimen quality, and oncological outcomes according to the existing literature. We then hope to develop an optimised TURBT checklist by identifying the most pertinent parameters for inclusion. Evidence acquisition: A literature search using PubMed was performed to identify literature pertaining to the use of surgical checklists in the context of TURBT. A systematic review was then performed on the 41 identified studies, of which six were included in the final analysis. Evidence synthesis: We explored three primary outcomes that arose from the literature, namely: (1) comprehensiveness of documentation; (2) resection quality; and (3) recurrence rates and recurrence-free survival (RFS). We found agreement in the literature that surgical checklist implementation does lead to an overall improvement in documentation. The effect of surgical checklists on resection quality and recurrence rates, however, was mixed in the literature, with some studies showing statistically significant improvements and others showing no significant change. Conclusions: There are multiple benefits to surgical checklist implementation in TURBT procedures. We propose an optimised 14-item surgical checklist that should be implemented in every TURBT report to ensure sufficient information documentation for risk stratification and post-operative management.
Membrane Antigen Targeting in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Antibodies or CAR-T Cells
Authors: Testa Ugo , Castelli Germana , Pelosi Elvira
Published: October 2024

This review explores the emerging area of the therapeutic use of antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Through a detailed analysis of the existing literature, this paper highlights the different categories of AML antigens for immunotherapeutic targeting, the most recent applications on antibodies, including bispecific immune cell engagers and CAR-T cells, to the therapy of patients with refractory/relapsing AML The studies performed in AML patients using BisAbs and CAR-T cells have shown that only a limited number of AML patients show sustained responses to these therapies, thus underlying AML heterogeneity as a major challenge. Several studies have addressed the potential mechanisms underlying the resistance of AMLs to antibody-directed immunotherapies. A better understanding of the barriers hampering the successful development of AML immunotherapy is required. However, in spite of the limitations, the studies recently carried out have shown the peculiar sensitivity of some AML subtypes to immunotherapy and have provided the basis for future studies, such as multiplex antigen targeting, which hold the promise of successful development.
Targeting Cancer Metabolism as a New Strategy to Enhance Treatment Efficacy and Overcome Resistance
Authors: Tucci Paola
Published: October 2024

The intricate relationship between metabolism and cancer has been a subject of growing interest in recent years, as metabolic reprogramming is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer [...]
State of the Art and New Perspectives in Lung Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Sofianidi Amalia A. , Gogou Vassiliki A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: October 2024

Cisplatin became a first-line chemotherapy regimen for lung cancer in the mid-1980s, marking a pivotal advance in lung cancer treatment [...]
Correction: Siu et al. Hexokinase 2 Regulates Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Stemness via FAK/ERK1/2/MMP9/NANOG/SOX9 Signaling Cascades. Cancers 2019, 11, 813
Authors: Siu Michelle K. Y. , Jiang Yu-Xin , Wang Jing-Jing , Leung Thomas H. Y. , Han Chae Young , Tsang Benjamin K. , Cheung Annie N. Y. , Ngan Hextan Y. S. , Chan Karen K. L.
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid over Sn-BTC and Sn-H3-5-SIP Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts
Authors: Chávez-León Juan Pablo , Cabrera-Munguia Denis A. , Gutiérrez-Alejandre Aída , Solis-Casados Dora A. , Espinoza-Almeraya Marcela L. , González Horacio
Published: October 2024

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of materials that contain Sn metal clusters formed by ligands of trimesic acid (Sn-BTC) or 5-sulfobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (Sn-H3-5-SIP). These catalysts were used to convert levulinic acid with ethanol to produce ethyl levulinate under mild reaction conditions. The characterization results confirmed that Sn is mainly present in the cassiterite crystalline phase with a tetragonal rutile structure in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination in the materials. The assembly of trimesic acid (a hard base) with metal species (Sn) results in the formation of acid and thermally stable metal–organic frameworks. The use of 5-sulfobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid instead of trimesic acid in the synthesis incorporates sulfonic groups in the material, enhancing the total acidity of the Sn-H3-5-SIP catalyst compared to the Sn-BTC material. The Sn-H3-5-SIP catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity when converting levulinic acid with ethanol, resulting in a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.0495 s−1, which is a 50% increase compared to the TOF of the Sn-BTC catalyst (0.0329 s−1). This result can be attributed to its higher concentration of acid sites (2.23 ± 0.05 mmol H+/gcat) and specific area (139 m2/g). Thus, materials containing tin metal clusters and sulfonic groups are promising materials that could be used as catalysts for synthesizing ethyl levulinate under mild reaction conditions.