bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALBERTO MAZZONI / MARIA CHIARA MALAGUTI. Derecho del comercio internacional: Fundamentos y perspectivas
Authors: Calvo Caravaca Alfonso-Luis
Published: March 2022

Este artículo reseña:  Alberto Mazzoni / Maria Chiara Malaguti. Derecho del comercio internacional: Fundamentos y perspectivas. Torino, G. Giappichelli Editore, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2021, 310 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1355-217-0
ALFONSO-LUIS CALVO CARAVACA/JAVIER CARRASCOSA GONZÁLEZ (Dir.). El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y el Derecho internacional privado
Authors: Moreiro González Carlos
Published: March 2022

Este artículo reseña: Alfonso-Luis Calvo Caravaca /Javier Carrascosa González (Dir.). El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y el Derecho internacional privado. Pamplona, Editorial Aranzadi, 2021, ISBN: 978-84-1345-495-5
ALFONSO-LUIS CALVO CARAVACA / JAVIER CARRASCOSA GONZÁLEZ (Directores/Autores), ESPERANZA GALLEGO SÁNCHEZ y JULIANA RODRÍGUEZ RODRIGO (autores). Litigación Internacional en la Unión Europea (V), Derecho concursal internacional
Authors: Velasco San Pedro Luis Antonio
Published: March 2022

Este artículo reseña: Alfonso-Luis Calvo Caravaca / Javier Carrascosa González (Directores/Autores), Esperanza Gallego Sánchez y Juliana Rodríguez Rodrigo (autores). Litigación Internacional en la Unión Europea (V), Derecho concursal internacional: Reglamento (UE) 2015/848, Texto Refundido de la Ley Concursal (Libro Tercero) de 2020, Directiva (UE) 2019/1023. Cizur Menor, Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, 2021, 651 pp.
Gandhi’s nonviolent personality: Mechanisms of opposites integration
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Sitarov Vyacheslav A. , Maralov Vladimir G. ,   Cherepovets State University
Published: March 2022

The article views the problem of researching the “Gandhian” (nonviolent) personality in modern psychology. Based on M. Gandhis psychological construct analysis —“satyagraha”, “ahimsa” and “tapasya”— the article presents a review of works related to the study of the psychological characteristics of a nonviolent person. The main mechanism of functioning of a nonviolent personality is revealed and described — the ability to opposites integration, generated by contradictions that arise in the processes of human interaction with himself, other people, nature, and the whole world.
Educational relations on the realization of the right to receive religious education in the context of international legal standards
Authors:   Federal Centre for Educational Legislation, Syubareva Irina F.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the legal specifics of educational relations related to religious education. Particular attention is paid to the legal aspects of compliance of educational legal relations with international human rights standards. Within the legal framework of educational legislation and legislation on freedom of thought, conscience and religion, the specifics of subjects, objects and content of educational relations are revealed. The directions of judicial practice related to ensuring the right to receive religious education are indicated. The legal characteristics of educational relations are given taking into account the legislation on freedom of thought, conscience and religion, as well as educational legislation.
Work programs of academic disciplines: purpose and modern features
Authors:   Bryansk State Technical University, Lobeeva Vera M.
Published: March 2022

The article analyses the work programs of academic disciplines in the aspect of the relationship of their purpose and modern structural and content features. The author shows that the implementation of the main purpose of work programs, which is to contribute to the effective organization and high quality of teaching and study of academic disciplines, is seriously hindered by such modern structural and content features of work programs as excessive formalization, bulkiness, overload with abstract institutions, which generate pronounced alienation of the main users — teachers and students from the work programs. The article also outlines the contours of the new look of the work programs of academic disciplines.
Gender interrelations: history and perspectives
Authors:   Kazan State Power-Engineering University, Zakirova Gulnara F.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the changed position of men and women as related to each other in the light of the changes occurring in society. It is stated that the formal alignment that occurred as a result of the growth of economic well-being (that gave woman material independence from man) and the tolerance of Western society (which provides woman with legal protection) created unprecedented opportunities for building free and happy relationships. Today, we witness, in many manifestations of life, the onset of “feminine socialism” (G. Marcuse) limiting the rights of men but carried out in their interests as well. However, the “temptations” of modern civilization associated with consumerism and liberalization of relationships, without due effort and a sense of proportion threaten to waste the current favorable socio-economic situation. Mutual active participation in building relationships, overcoming the “relaxing” standards of life imposed by the consumer society, and opposition to the erasure of the boundaries of male and female are the threats to which the authors pay the most attention. Social implosion, the dictate of mass culture, profanation of intimacy and transgressive sexual experiments are their vivid manifestation. In this regard, the aim of the work is to identify the most common factors that contribute to and hinder the construction of effective intimate relationships in modern Western society.
Mario Tronti e uma autonomia possível
Authors: Barbosa Lucas Alves , Santos Breno Augusto de Oliveira , Ferreira Fernando Henrique
Published: March 2022

Este artigo propõe apresentar reflexões do filósofo italiano Mario Tronti, elucidadas em A Fábrica e Sociedade, tendo como ênfase as noções tratadas em seus textos como as de autonomia operária e capital social, partindo da complexidade da relação entre o universal e o particular das classes e do capital. Frente ao desenvolvimento da produção capitalista nas décadas subsequentes ao fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), Tronti, juntamente com outros membros do operaísmo italiano, produziu textos que problematizam como a noção de fábrica como produtora de mais-valia ampliou-se por toda a sociedade, transformando todo trabalho em trabalho industrial.
A materialidade do poder em Marx
Authors: Barbosa Lucas
Published: March 2022

O objetivo do presente artigo é refletir acerca da noção de poder que se pode extrair do desenvolvimento categorial elaborado por Marx em sua análise do capitalismo. Sendo assim, nosso objetivo é o de pensar o modo como essas se articulam no interior do movimento do capital de modo a produzir um tipo específico de dominação sui generis que integra a multiplicidade de relações de poder na produção de um tipo de dominação baseada, contraditoriamente, num tipo específico de liberdade.
Analisis Hubungan Food Coping Strategies terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Miskin di Kota Salatiga
Authors: Lybaws Lesda , Renyoet Brigitte Sarah , Sanubari Theresia Pratiwi Elingsetyo
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia, kemiskinan dan kelaparan masih menjadi permasalahan kemanusiaan serta merupakan salah satu penyebab masalah undernutrition. Kondisi kemiskinan menyebabkan orang tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dasar untuk mempertahankan hidup. Kebutuhan dasar yang harus dipenuhi salah satunya adalah kebutuhan akan pangan. Pangan sangat erat kaitannya dengan kehidupan bangsa. Ketahanan pangan menyatakan situasi pangan yang cukup dari segi kuantitas, kualitas, aman, beragam dan bergizi. Faktanya saat ini masih ada kelompok masyarakat yang merasakan kerawanan pangan, seperti golongan rumah tangga miskin karena ketimpangan pendapatan. Saat masa pandemi COVID-19 rumah tangga miskin semakin mengalami keterbatasan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan, karena lonjakan harga pangan dan pemutusan hubungan kerja yang menghambat akses ekonomi untuk membeli pangan cukup dan beragam, sehingga mereka harus melakukan beberapa strategi salah satunya adalah food coping strategies.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara food coping strategies dan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga miskin di Kota Salatiga pada masa pandemi COVID-19.Metode: Metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional Study yang dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Gendongan, Kutowinangun Lor, Sidorejo Lor dan Blotongan, Kota Salatiga yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2020 hingga Februari 2021. Total sampel 65 yang dihitung dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah rumah tangga miskin yang merupakan penduduk asli menetap, memiliki anak bersekolah, pendapataan dibawah UMK Kota Salatiga. Pengukuran status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga menggunakan kuisioner US-HFSSM dan food coping strategies menggunakan kuisioner RCSI. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman dengan α=0,05.Hasil: Mayoritas (74%) rumah tangga miskin rawan pangan dengan derajat kelaparan sedang. Lima puluh lima persen rumah tangga miskin memiliki skor RCSI sedang. Bentuk coping yang sering dilakukan adalah dengan membatasi konsumsi makan pada orang dewasa (31%). Faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan perilaku food coping strategies adalah pendidikan kepala keluarga, jumlah anggota keluarga, pendapatan dan pengeluaran. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara food coping strategies dengan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga (Sig. 0,002).Kesimpulan: Penurunan pendapatan dan lonjakan harga pangan dampak pandemi COVID-19 mendorong rumah tangga melakukan coping strategies untuk mengatasi kerawanan pangan. Terdapat hubungan nyata yang signifikan dan arah hubungan negatif antara food coping strategies dan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga miskin di Kelurahan Gendongan, Kutowinangun Lor, Sidorejo Lor dan Blotongan, Kota Salatiga.
Optimasi Formula Wedang Uwuh Berbasis Rosella Merah sebagai Minuman Fungsional
Authors: Widyaningsih Tri Dewanti , Alif Nugroho Muhammad Fawzul , Ulilalbab Arya
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi herbal dan rempah-rempah tinggi antioksidan dalam sediaan jamu tradisional telah dilakukan secara luas, tetapi tidak semua masyarakat menyukai jamu tradisional. Salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan konsumsi minuman fungsional tinggi antioksidan yaitu dengan melakukan formulasi aneka herbal dengan komposisi rosella, secang, kayu manis dan cengkeh. Pemilihan bahan tersebut selain sebagai upaya diversifikasi, juga diharapkan dapat bersinergi meningkatkan karakteristik sensori. Tujuan: Mendapatkan formula optimal wedang uwuh berbasis rosella merah sebagai minuman fungsional.Metode: Optimasi formula wedang uwuh berbasis rosella menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan variabel bebas yaitu serbuk kelopak rosella merah, serbuk secang, serbuk kayu manis, dan serbuk cengkeh. Respon yang digunakan yaitu aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH, total fenol dan total flavonoid. Formula optimal selanjutnya diuji dengan ketiga parameter tersebut menggunakan spektrofotometer.Hasil: Formula optimal yang diperoleh berdasarkan analisis RSM yaitu serbuk kelopak rosella merah 1,891 gr, serbuk kayu secang 1,34, serbuk kayu manis 0,206 dan serbuk cengkeh 0,063 dengan nilai desirability 1. Aktivitas antioksidan formula tersebut setelah dilakukan verifikasi yaitu 37,007 ± 0,0466 mg TE/g, total fenol 40,9542 ± 0,0634 mg GAE/g dan total flavonoid 19,842 ± 0,488 mg QE/g.   Kesimpulan: Tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai prediksi dan verifikasi terhadap ketiga respon sehingga formulasi yang disarankan oleh optimasi mixture design pada design expert baik untuk diterapkan.
Kajian Literatur: Studi Intervensi Media Edukasi Visual dan Audiovisual terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Remaja tentang Anemia di Negara Berkembang
Authors: Fadhilah Azzahra Nur , Simanjuntak Betty Yosephin , Haya Miratul
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang: Peningkatan kebutuhan zat gizi pada masa remaja akibat adanya pertumbuhan dan menstruasi yang dialami remaja putri menyebabkan remaja putri rentan terkena kurang darah. Anemia merupakan kondisi yang menunjukkan kadar hemoglobin darah kurang dari standar.  Rendahnya pengetahuan remaja tentang anemia merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab tidak langsung. Ada banyak jenis media yang dapat digunakan dalam menyampaikan edukasi tentang anemia baik media visual maupun audiovisual.Tujuan: Menganalisisi artikel tentang efektivitas media edukasi gizi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan remaja dalam pencegahan anemia.Ulasan: Penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan artikel yang memiliki relevansi terhadap topik tertentu yang bisa diperoleh dan dipublikasi di berbagai sumber. Dari sembilan artikel terdapat lima artikel yang menunjukan terjadinya peningkatan skor rata-rata pengetahuan remaja setelah diberikan edukasi dengan menggunakan media visual, satu artikel yang menunjukan terjadi peningkatan skor pengetahuan setelah diberi edukasi dengan media audiovisual, dan tiga artikel yang menunjukan bahwa setelah diberikan edukasi dengan menggabungkan media visual dan audiovisual berdampak pada peningkatan skor rata-rata pengetahuan remaja.Kesimpulan: Media visual dan audiovisual efektif digunakan secara bersamaan untuk membantu meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja dalam pemberian edukasi gizi tentang anemia. Dalam penyampaian edukasi gizi mengenai anemia pada remaja disarankan untuk menggunakan kombinasi media visual dan audiovisual secara bersamaan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang efektif.
Gestión de la comunicación digital de la Federación Deportiva Universitaria del Perú en Facebook para difundir sus actividades a la comunidad universitaria durante la pandemia por el COVID - 19
Authors:   ,   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Crisoles Montenegro Jubitza Milagros
Published: March 2022

Actualmente, las redes sociales han logrado tomar protagonismo en el ámbito laboral. Las empresas han tomado importancia a estos medios debido a sus características para lograr alcanzar una comunicación participativa y activa con su público. Por ese motivo, se realizó el presente trabajo de investigación que tiene como principal objetivo analizar la comunicación digital de la cuenta de Facebook de la Federación Deportiva Universitaria del Perú y cómo es que pudieron adaptar sus actividades a lo digital a pesar de la pandemia por el Covid - 19. A raíz de este marco, la investigación es de carácter descriptivo y mixto, y por ello se planteó realizar 3 tipos de instrumentos. En primer lugar, el análisis de contenido centrado en la red social Facebook donde se tomó como tiempo de investigación los meses de octubre a diciembre del año 2020. La realización de entrevistas con diferentes direcciones, la primera estuvo dirigida a la Coordinadora de Comunicaciones de la FEDUP, la segunda a una especialista en estrategias digitales y redes sociales, y por último a un profesional en el ámbito de Marketing y Gestión Deportiva. De igual manera, la aplicación de una encuesta por la misma federación, dirigida a los participantes de las distintas competencias deportivas realizadas digitalmente. Tras la aplicación de los instrumentos, se descubrió que entre los contenidos que realizaban, los que más acogida obtuvieron por parte de los seguidores fueron las competencias a través de trasmisiones en vivo, este formato fue el soporte para el desarrollo de los distintos eventos de E – sports y deportes tradicionales. Finalizando, se destaca el rápido accionar por parte de la federación dentro de la coyuntura y a pesar del desconocimiento del tema en ejecución de competencias virtuales. Y aunque se reveló que no contaba con una estrategia de comunicación dirigida a las plataformas digitales, se apoyó en un plan de actividades que tenía como objetivo generar mayor interacción.
Developing and testing a remotely operated vehicle with a seven-function manipulator
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Chu Zhenzhong
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the development and testing of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The outstanding ability of this ROV lies in its underwater hovering positioning control. At the same time, it is equipped with a seven-function underwater electric operation manipulator and the master-slave control mode is adopted. These are obvious advantages over other medium-sized ROVs. The control hardware architecture and control software architecture of this ROV are also provided. Finally, the test results of the depth trajectory tracking control, heading trajectory tracking control and hover control in the lake environment are presented and analyzed.
Mitochondria Transfer to CD4+ T Cells May Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis by Suppressing Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production
Authors: Giwa Rocky , Brestoff Jonathan R.
Published: March 2022

CD4+ T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These cells infiltrate the joints of RA patients and produce cytokines, including Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, that drive joint inflammation and bone destruction. Although biologic therapeutics targeting T cells and TNF-α have benefited patients suffering from RA, some patients are refractory to these therapies, develop antibodies that neutralize these biologics, or develop undesirable side effects. Recent studies indicate that CD4+ T cell cytokine production is regulated in part by specific metabolic modules, suggesting that immunometabolic pathways could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for T cell-mediated diseases such as RA. Wu et al. (2021) demonstrate that mitochondrial function is impaired in CD4+ T cells from RA patients, leading to reduced levels of various citric acid cycle metabolites (e.g., aspartate) that regulate TNF-α production. Treatment of RA-associated T cells with purified mitochondria was sufficient to restore these metabolic defects, limit production of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-17A, and reduce the development of RA-like disease in a humanized mouse model. These data suggest that T cells can be metabolically "re-engineered" ex vivo with exogenous mitochondria and that this mitochondria transfer approach confers anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce disease severity in RA and possibly other rheumatologic diseases. Increasing our understanding of how intercellular mitochondria transfer occurs may identify novel biological pathways that can be targeted therapeutically or harnessed to support cell engineering.
Genetic Regulation of Central Synapse Formation and Organization in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Duhart Juan Carlos , Mosca Timothy J.
Published: March 2022

A key goal of modern neuroscience involves understanding how connections in the brain form and function. Such a knowledge is essential to better inform how defects in the exquisitely complex steps of nervous system growth underlie neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the last 40 years, studies of the nervous system in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster enabled the discovery of a wealth of molecular and genetic mechanisms that drive the development of these synaptic connections – specialized cell-to-cell connections that are the essential substrate for information flow and processing in the nervous system. The major driver of knowledge focused on studies at the neuromuscular junction due to its ease of examination. Analogous studies in the central nervous system lagged behind due to a lack of genetic accessibility of specific central neuron classes, appropriate synaptic labels compatible with cell-type specific access, and high resolution, quantitative imaging strategies. However, understanding how synapses in central circuits form remains a prerequisite to understanding brain development. In the last decade, a host of new tools and techniques made possible the extension of genetic studies of synapse organization into central circuits and greatly enhanced our understanding of central synapse formation, organization, and maturation. In this review, we consider the current state-of-the-field, focusing on two major elements. We first discuss the tools, technologies, and strategies developed to visualize and quantify synapses in vivo in genetically identifiable neurons of the Drosophila CNS. Second, we explore in depth how these tools enabled a clearer understanding of synaptic development and organization in different circuits of the fly brain and discovered novel molecular mechanisms that underlie synapse formation. These studies establish multiple brain regions in the fly as powerful in vivo genetic models that offer novel insights into synaptogenic regulators and mechanisms of neural development.
Effects of Litter Decomposition on Soil N in Picea Mongolica Forest at Different Forest Ages
Authors: Liu Yunchao , Chen Lixin , Duan Wenbiao , Bai Yongan , Li Xiaolan
Published: March 2022

The seasonal and vertical spatial variation characteristics of total N, NH4+—N and NO3-—N in the soil in Picea mongolica forest at different stand ages were studied. The results showed that: (1) NH4+ —N in the soil in Picea mongolica forest was positively correlated with sample date, soil NO3-—N and forest age (P <0.05), and negatively correlated with soil depth (P < 0.01). NO3-—N in the soil in Picea mongolica forest was negatively correlated with sample date and forest age (P < 0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with soil depth (P < 0.01); (2) the content of NH4+—N is greater than that of NO3-—N in each soil layer of Picea mongolica forest at three forest ages. The correlation analysis showed which had an impact on the content of NH4+—N and NO3-—N in the soil in Picea mongolica forest. The content was lower in February and November, and higher in May and August；(3) The contents of total N, NH4+—N and NO3-—N in the soil of Picea mongolica forest in the three forest ages increased with the depth of soil layer (0-50cm), and showed an overall downward trend. The contents of NH4+—N in the soil layer of young forest (0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-30cm, 30-40cm and 40-50cm) were significantly different (P＜0.05), and the contents of NO3-—N were also significantly different (P＜0.05), while their contents of middle-aged forest and near mature forest increased with the depth of soil layer, There was no significant difference in the content of NH4+—N; (4) The content of NH4+—N in the soil in Picea mongolica forest generally showed the following change trend near mature forest > middle-aged forest > young forest. The change trend of soil NO3-—N content is consistent with that of the content of NH4+—N in the soil in Picea mongolica forest.
2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Solar Energy Conversions
Authors: Ramanathan Amall
Published: March 2022

The optoelectronic properties of free standing monolayer (ML) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is investigated for potential solar energy conversion applications using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. In addition, the bulk optical properties have also been calculated for the sake of comparison. The dielectric functions, optical conductivities and the optical constants are evaluated using the relaxed structures from electronic total energy pseudopotential calculations. The results reinforce previous research on h-BN DUV optoelectronics and demonstrate the suitability of its use as a component in deep ultraviolet (DUV) and energy conversion devices.
Manisa Para Vakıfları [1867-1912]
Authors: ÇAĞLAR İlker Mümin , DOĞTEKİN Abdullah
Published: March 2022

Vakıflar Osmanlı döneminde din, eğitim, bayındırlık ve sağlık hizmetlerinden, kültürel mekânlara varıncaya kadar toplumun çok çeşitli ihtiyaçlarına cevap veren önemli kurumsal yapılardır. Özellikle 16. yüzyıldan sonra vakıflar hususen ticaret erbabının nakit ihtiyacını karşılamaya, toplumun iktisadi hayatındaki kredi gereksinimlerini de gidermeye başlamışlardır. İmparatorluğun her yerinde olduğu gibi Manisa’da da birçok para vakfı kurulmuş, bu vakıflar diğer klasik vakıf müesseseleri gibi kamu hizmetinin görülmesine imkân sağlamıştır. Manisa vakıfları içerisinde özellikle 1867-1912 yılları arasında kurulan 64 adet vakıf bu vazifeyi üstlenmiş ve yerine getirmiştir. Manisa’nın hem merkezinde hem de taşrasını teşkil eden Yurtdağı, Belen ve Palamut nahiyelerinin köylerinde cami, mescit, medrese, tekke ve dergâh gibi yapılar için tesis edilen bu 64 vakıf, söz konusu dönemin sosyal, dini ve iktisadi yapısına dair değerli bilgiler içermektedir.
Recommendations from the ICM-VTE: General
Authors:   The ICM-VTE General Delegates
Published: March 2022

Update

This article was updated on June 17, 2022 because of a previous error. On page 33, in the section entitled “17 - Does administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) to patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures increase the risk of subsequent VTE?”, and in the note on page 161, the name “Armin Arish” now reads “Armin Arshi.”

An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022 Aug 3;104(15):e69.
The Strategic Culture of Resistance: Iranian Strategic Influence in Its Near Abroad
Authors: Rivera W. A.
Published: March 2022

Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the strategic culture of resistance has dominated Iran’s strategic objective and foreign policy preference formation. Iran is a revisionist state that lacks overwhelming military and economic dominance in its near abroad, as such two pillars have emerged to support and export their strategic culture of resistance: adaptive resistance (pragmatism) and designed redundancy (insulation and deniability). These two themes of resistance provide content and structure to their strategic influence campaigns. Strategic influence is the way in which elements of the strategic culture of resistance are executed in Iran’s near abroad. To combat and defeat strategic influence campaigns, it is necessary to understand both the strategic cultural factors at play and the strategic influence campaigns that Iran deploys.
Moscow’s Strategic Culture: Russian Militarism in an Era of Great Power Competition
Authors: Kerrane Evan
Published: March 2022

Shifting balances in power realities increase uncertainty and tensions among states. During those times of rising powers and changing alliances, it is imperative to understand how states determine adversaries and how they choose to engage threats. However, biases in decision making at the state level obscure a conceptualization of state action and intent. This article argues that the study of strategic culture helps bridge the gap between state-level biases and actions at the structural level. Furthermore, the understanding of militarism as Russia’s strategic culture helps contextualize certain Kremlin policy choices that seem to fall outside conventional international relations frameworks. A better understanding of Russia’s strategic lens brings insights into Moscow’s actions, particularly within the near abroad.
Extended Polymer Injectivity Test in a Medium Viscosity Sandstone Oil Reservoir, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Amri Badar , Setiawan Hari Sudono , Akbar Muhammad Rifki , Al Rashdi Yaqoob , Al Nabhani Fahad
Published: March 2022

This is an extended polymer-injectivity-test where the main objectives are to prove that polymer solution can be injected at acceptable conditions and injectivity can be sustained for a considerable time period. Other objectives include determining the need for certain protective additives, evaluating the possibility of oil gain in producing wells around the test injector and providing some input to the process of flood pattern optimization.

A nine-month's polymer injectivity test has been implemented in HRD sandstone reservoir (Karim Small Fields’ Cluster, Sultanate of Oman) as part of the ongoing chemical flood evaluation. Selected polymer and desired concentrations are based on extensive laboratory test programs. The subject reservoir has been producing for over thirty years, mostly on primary conditions but with a successful waterflood (using inverted, irregular seven-spot patterns) during the last seven years that is still ongoing. Reservoir oil is highly under-saturated, 29° API gravity with initial viscosity of about 15 cP. Average depth is 1,200 mMD and absolute permeability is in the range of 250-500 mD. Chemical flooding is selected as the appropriate EOR method and is currently being evaluated in order to determine the optimum process design that can provide maximum incremental oil recovery over the ongoing waterflood.

Preliminary results from the polymer injectivity test confirm that injection rate of about 150 m3/d can be sustained at maximum surface injection pressure of around 4,000 kPa. Polymer break-through (at low traces) is observed in two of the six surrounding producing wells. Oil gain observed in surrounding producing wells is in the range of 0 - 5 m3/d/well which is lower than the values predicted by the simulation model.

The reasons leading to low oil gain and general reservoir behavior within the injectivity pattern are discussed in the paper. The discussed reasons and behavior are essential design aspects of a potential chemical-flooding pilot that can be implemented for analogous fields.
A Real Time Geomechanics Drilling Mud Window to Enhance Drilling Efficiency
Authors: Alawami Mohammed , Al-Yami Abdullah , Gharbi Salem , Al-Rubaii Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Enhancing the efficiency in drilling operations can lead to significant reduction in the overall costs of wells construction. Efficiency is generally achieved by maximizing drilling rate of penetration (ROP) while minimizing non-productive time (NPT) such as loss of circulation, well control and stuck pipe incidents. Reducing the uncertainties associated with subsurface formations, especially formation stresses around the wellbore, is one key aspect to decreasing the frequency of NPT incidents.

Understanding wellbore stresses and the mechanical properties of subsurface formations is essential to optimize drilling surface parameters and drilling fluids properties to ultimately maximize drilling ROP and minimize NPT. Determination of the geomechanics drilling mud window in real time allows drilling operations to proactively prevent fractures and/or formation instabilities. The availability of the mud window in real time will enhance the rig reaction time to any abnormalities experienced while drilling to maintain bottomhole pressure (BHP) consistently within the window.

The drilling mud window is constrained by a maximum and a minimum mud weight (MW) boundaries. The lower limit represents the stability gradient and the upper limit represents the fracture gradient. Drilling with a MW below the lower limit may cause formation instabilities such as caving and swelling that could lead to more severe consequences such as stuck pipes. Exceeding the upper limit MW may induce formation fractures that lead to loss of circulation that increases the risks of well control incidents.

The developed model automatically and continuously calculates formation mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio using sonic logging while drilling (LWD) data. Based on formation specific correlations, the model then determines the in-situ stresses, induced stresses, and principle stresses. The fracture and stability gradients can be determined and converted to a MW for easier communication with the drilling crew. The maximum and minimum MWs are displayed as curves in real time that allows immediate adjustments to drilling parameters and/or drilling fluid properties.

Geomechanics studies that contain the mud window are usually conducted pre-drilling using offset wells data, and these studies are often updated post-drilling only, which does not reduce the uncertainties associated with them. A real time model maintains the window relevant and up to date with the new data generated from the well.
A Comparative Analysis for Optimal Fracture Design Between the Crest and Flank Wells. Examples from Saih Rawl, Oman Tight Gas Field
Authors: Al Hinai Adnan Saif , Abdelazim Mohamed , Al Bahri Khalfan , Al Suleimani Ahmed Abdullah , Nunez Alvaro Javier , Al Shekaili Aadil Salim
Published: March 2022

Saih Rawl gas is located in the South Oman Salt Basin. There are two main formations targeted for gas production; Barik & Miqrat Formations. These formations are tight and exhibit low permeability. In order to enhance gas production, these formations have to be hydraulically stimulated.

The main objectives of this paper is to demonstrate the petrophysical properties of the hydraulically fractured zones. Assess gas flow contribution thru the individual zones measured by production logging and comparing with the amount of proppant placed in the formation. In addition, the paper discusses reservoir properties and characteristics obtained from logging, post stimulation operations results and post stimulation gas production. The paper discusses 20 wells; 10 from the crest and 10 from the flank. The two formations Barik and Miqrat cover approximately 17 sub reservoir units.

The total overall placement ratio is 95% and 78% for the crest and flank respectively with 156 hydraulic stimulation stages. It was observed that five sub reservoir units proved to be challenging to place the desired proppant. The maximum operating pressure is reached before achieving the desired proppant concentration leading to a screen out; concentrations of 2 – 3 pounds per gallon. Petrophysical evaluation of porosity and permeability cross plots showed a linear relationship in the wells in the crest. While there was no clear relationship was seen in the flank. Radioactive tracers used are to understand if there is any proppant propergation into the higher or lower zones. Not all the five challenging sub reservoir units showed propergation to other units. The wells located in the crest showed a better production rate as compared to the flank.

The paper highlights the importance of the using petrophysical evaluation to optimize hydraulic fracturing design for successful operations.
Feasibility of Ion-Modified Water for Low Salinity Water Flooding: A Case Study for Ultra-High-Salinity Carbonate Reservoir in Akanskoe Oilfield Tatarstan, Russia
Authors: Varfolomeev Mikhail , Rezaei Koochi Mojtaba , Yuan Chengdong , Khayrtdinov Ruslan , Mustafin Aidar , Glukhov Mikhail , Kadyrov Rail , Sudakov Vladislav , Usmanov Sergey
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the feasibility of the application of ion-modified water for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in low permeable carbonate reservoir with ultra-high salinity of more than 220000 mg/L. Influence of different ions on wettability alteration, interfacial tension (IFT), scale tendency, recovery factor, and water injectivity was investigated. For choosing the optimized injection-water sequence, different types of water (formation water, distilled water, fresh water, and ion-modified water) were used. First, their effects on wettability alteration by measuring contact angle (oil-water-rock) and IFT were evaluated. Then, core flooding experiments were carried out to investigate how different injection sequence affects the oil recovery and injectivity. Furthermore, the scale tendency of different salts was simulated. The results showed that Mg2+ is the most effective ion. The addition of Mg2+ can fast change the oil-wet (130°) carbonate rock to water-wet (29°). The presence of mono-valent ions has negative effects on the effectiveness of Mg2+ on wettability alteration. Also, the presence of Mg2+ in fresh water and distilled water can reduce oil-water IFT two times lower. Core flooding experiments showed that after fresh water or formation water flooding (until 100% water cut), the sequent diluted formation water (diluted 10 times) yielded incremental oil recovery of about 3-5%, while the Mg2+ modified water obtained incremental oil recovery of about 8-18%. This indicates that Mg2+ modified water has a promising prospect in EOR in carbonate reservoirs.

A comprehensive analysis combining contact angle measurements, IFT testing, and core flooding experiments indicates that the high efficiency of Mg2+ modified fresh water for EOR mainly benefits from its strong wettability alteration ability. In addition, it was found that the existence of Mg2+ and SO42− can reduce the tendency of precipitation of salts compared with using only fresh water or diluted formation water. This work proves that ion-modified water by adding Mg2+ to fresh water can be an effective, low cost and environment-friendly EOR method for low-permeability carbonate reservoirs with ultra-high salinity. Simultaneously, this research provides some basic data that can help to enrich the theory for developing low salinity water flooding for EOR.
Benefits of New Digital Solution and Workflow Applied to Fast Track Subsea Development
Authors: Romero Mora Bruno Jesus , Ioannilli Beatrice , Stobart Sam , Gassert Michael , Castellito Tommaso , Sartirana Stefano , Calabrese Vito , Belleza Arturo , Ballotta Jimmy , Duclocher Fabien , Citi Gianfederico , Knight Darrell , Lien Jostein
Published: March 2022

An Eni initiative Fast 3Digital Subsea was made to identify opportunities for improving Company's Subsea developments in terms of time, quality and cost by applying a new way of working and implementing a new digital tool, the FieldAP/Fieldtwin platform (by FutureOn).

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the comparison made between the conventional way of working and the application of the Fast 3Digital Subsea on subsea tieback projects. Data was collected and analysed for a project using the Fast 3Digital Subsea and the results showed the following key success benefits for Eni projects: time saving, cost reduction and improvement in engineering, quality and safety.

The benefits listed above were proved during the engineering phase of the project, however the Fast 3Digital Subsea is expected to lead to similar improvements for the future phases of the projects such as installation, commissioning, maintenance and operation. From a Project point of view, the digital solution is expected to lead to minimum time savings of between 1-2 months from discovery to First Oil.

This 1-2 months saving are expected mainly in projects where the critical path is represented by subsea items / flowlines that could benefit from an early procurement, in particular tie-backs to existing facilities (FPSO, FPU, and Onshore Plants).

For this paper, an Eni project was chosen as the base case and the impacts on project schedule, cost, quality, and discipline collaboration during the engineering, feasibility and FEED activities were evaluated.

The Fast 3Digital Subsea allowed engineers to evaluate multiple scenarios more effectively, increased the quality on the project documentation, allowed to select the optimum field layout configuration at an early stage and to quickly prepare an ITT package. All of the above, showed an average time saving of approximately 30% on field layout preparation, therefore cost saving compared to the conventional way of working were realised.

Another significant time saving obtained by implementing a Fast 3Digital Subsea approach was during creating of overall deliverables with time saving of nearly 60% during Pre-FEED activities.

All of time savings are broken down in activities and are described in the results section.

In terms of marine operation, the selected digital solution allows engineers to assess the subsea deveolopment by visualising geohazards and clashes during SIMOPS, this aspect adds singnificant value to projects for faster decision making whilst taking into consideration safety.
Production Optimization and Value Maximization of a Giant Ultra-Sour Gas Carbonate Reservoir, Onshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Ghassan Majed , Fernandes Martin , Al Ali Onood , Kaczorowski Norman
Published: March 2022

This paper describes how the reservoir team at ADNOC Sour Gas developed the ability to dynamically adjust and manage their production strategy based on plant product output and market requirements, driving profitability and maximizing value of the sour gas assets of the UAE.

The reservoir team developed and successfully implemented an extensive data acquisition program, enabling adequate characterization of a giant ultra-sour gas carbonate reservoir in the Late Jurassic Arab Formation in the western area of Abu Dhabi.

The field is located in the southern part of UAE, in the Liwa province, and covers an area of 57 km2. It consists of four main reservoir zones: Arab A, Arab B, Arab C, and Arab D. Current development is focused on the central part of the field with most of the wells dedicated to Arab C. Future development plans will focus on the southern and northern areas of the field.

Early during the appraisal stage, the data suggested the existence of an areal gradient in composition across the reservoir. As such, a clear understanding of this areal distribution in addition to the usual reservoir gas composition, properties and behavior was essential in optimizing field production and maximizing value.

Over the course of field development, reservoir fluids from different well locations were sampled and analyzed. Various issues were encountered during this process including H2S stripping in down hole samples, contamination from stimulation fluids and quality assurance and quality control concerns in lab measurements. Resolving these issues allowed a coherent understanding of the compositional variation in the Arab Formations.

To properly model the compositional variation, an innovative methodology was implemented by the team to initialize the dynamic model. The methodology consisted of two major steps. Firstly, PVT data was analyzed and correlations between H2S and other components were developed. Secondly, through PETREL, compositional maps were created. Ultimately, each grid block was assigned a unique composition honoring the areal variation in composition across each reservoir zone.

In addition, empirical correlations between fluid components and plant product streams were developed through material balance analysis. Using product models, these correlations were input into the dynamic model which allowed estimated plant products to be output directly from simulation runs. Simulation forecasts of estimated plant products were later verified by actual plant yields, giving confidence in the methodology implemented. Further, this method allowed a quick turnaround in production planning and optimization thereby reducing the reliance on a fully- fledged plant simulator for short term gains and quick wins.
Improvement of CSS Method for Extra-Heavy Oil Recovery in Shallow Reservoirs by Simultaneous Injection of in-Situ Upgrading Catalysts and Solvent: Laboratory Study, Simulation and Field Application
Authors: Vakhin Aleksey , Sitnov Sergey , Mukhamatdinov Irek , Varfolomeev Mikhail , Rojas Allan , Sabiryanov Raushan , Al-Muntaser Ameen , Sudakov Vladislav , Nurgaliev Danis , Minkhanov Ilgiz , Amerkhanov Marat , Akhmadullin Robert
Published: March 2022

In this work method to improve the efficiency of the development of shallow deposits of extra-heavy oil using cyclic team stimulation (CSS) technology together with injection of catalyst for in-situ upgrading and solvent was proposed. Oil-soluble catalyst has been developed. Efficiency of catalyst was proved in laboratory. Volume and conditions of catalyst and solvent injection together with steam were determined based on simulation results. Pilot tests of technology were carried out on extra-heavy oilfield in Tatarstan, Russia.

The screening of catalysts and solvents together with injection of steam was studied in high pressure reactors under reservoir conditions. Heavy oil displacement coefficients in basic scenario of steam injection and second scenario of steam injection together with catalyst and solvent were measured on self-designed experimental steam injection apparatus.

The technology was simulated with tNavigator softwarre (Rock Fluid Dynamics) version 18.2, STARS. Pilot tests were carried out in several stages: preliminary short-term injection of steam to pre-heat the reservoir, injection of catalyst solution and solvent, the subsequent full-scale stage of steam injection, imbibition, and production. The results of field tests confirmed laboratory and simulation data. According to the analyzed samples after six months of field tests, the viscosity at the first stage decreases as a result of dilution with a solvent. The effect of the catalyst, which particles are adsorbed on the reservoir rocks, clearly demonstrated later.

It is shown that the combined use of in-situ upgrading catalyst and a solvent in CSS method allows to increase oil recovery factor. At the same time, the produced oil has better properties. Significant degree of conversion of resins and asphaltenes to light fractions was established. Field tests on Ashal'cha oilfield have shown that this technology is effective for the development of shallow deposits of extra-heavy oil.
Numerical Analysis of Surfactant Application in Water-Wet Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Hoffmann Eugen , Alakbarov Samir
Published: March 2022

High heterogeneity and complex fluid flow behavior aggravates the recovery by conventional means from naturaly fractured reservoirs (NFRs). The last years have seen an increasing interest and a lot of laboratory and field tests were perfomed with the surfactants as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) agents for this type of unconventional reservoirs. However, most of the attention was focused on application of the surfactants in mixed- to oil-wet conditions and not much is reported for the water-wet rocks. The aim of this study is to better understand and provide the quantitave analysis of the low interfacial tension (IFT) aided surfactant EOR mechanisms in water-wet NFRs. For this purpose, the previously published experiments are reproduced by means of numerical modeling employing commercialy available CMG simulator.

Static and dynamic imbibition experiments in water-wet core samples performed by Schechter et al. (1994) and by Al-Quraishi (2004) respectively, showed incremental oil recovery effects of low IFT surfactants. Using the reported data and boundary conditions, conceptual numerical models are built for each of the experiments. In addition to numerical simulations, manual calculations of the Bond Number, which is not accounted for in the numerical simulator, has given a detailed insight on the balance between capillary and gravitational forces as well their contribution on oil desaturation.

Simulation results of low IFT static imbibition experiments without initial water saturation have shown that the critical capillary numbers used for the matching of the experiments are orders of magnitude lower than those typically reported in literature. Calculation of the Bond number values also revealed that the observed low IFT incremental recovery effects cannot be explained by intensification of the gravitational forces.

On the other hand, numerical analysis of dynamic imbibition experiments indicated considerable contribution of viscous forces towards incremental oil recovery, in contrary to conventional believe that the visous forces have limited effect on recovery from NFRs. The conducted numerical simulation study revealed that contribution of low IFT aided gravity forces on oil desaturation is minor.

Overall the performed study revealed the weak contribution of the gravitational forces on oil desaturation in low permeability cores. Evaluation of the Bond numbers from the experiments, suggested that reduction to ultra-low IFT values can help to achieve the reasonable effect of gravity forces on recovery. However, the validation of this postulate requires implementation of further studies and laboratory experiments.