bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF ULTRA HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE USING L-BOX
Authors: Bhikshma vankudothu - , KALASKAR NARESH KUMAR
Published: March 2023

Ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) a new technology to strengthen precast industry business with new products and solutions. The purpose of this research is to gauge the performance of ultra-high strength concrete in flexure, as incremental compressive strength of concrete will increase its brittleness. In the present investigation, the cement is partially replaced with scm’s like ultra-fine GGBS. M125 mix has been designed with W/C ratio 0.15 with high end water reducing agent with normal curing in ambient temperature of 27°C +/-2°C and concrete has been placed in the prisms with and without using L-Box. The maximum flexural strength has been achieved 22.86 N/mm2 for M125 when used L-Box (as concrete flow through L-Box made the steel fibers orientation in the uniform direction and parallel to the neutral axis in tension zone) during the concreting. With this study we can conclude that the flexural strength of ultra-high strength concrete is purely depending upon the placing of the concrete during the application and the orientation of fibers in tension zone of the concrete. The flexural strength of UHSC can be improved easily by making the concrete flow through L-Box.
Sustainability takes centre stage in public procurement
Authors: Caranta Roberto
Published: March 2023

This article delineates how a shift in the priorities of EU laws can change public procurement’s current centre of gravity from its fixation on the lowest price to that of a more balanced consideration of different societal goals. There is an acknowledgement that public money can meaningfully contribute to support for social justice and the fight against climate change and environmental degradation. To this end, the present EU legal framework, together with more advanced experiences in Italy and in a few other EU Member States, are illustrated before an analysis of the many initiatives currently under consideration by the EU law makers as per the European Green Deal and the Sustainable Products Initiative. The article then highlights the need to reconsider the theory of public procurement law and practice as well as the current EU legislative framework for public procurement (and concessions).
Contemporary trends in the development of public procurement law in South Africa
Authors: Quinot Geo
Published: March 2023

This paper explores emerging contemporary trends in the development of South Africa’s public procurement law. Using a doctrinal legal analysis, it identifies two main trends in such development post-democratization, one structural and one substantive. It argues that these two trends pose particular challenges to the public procurement system. At the structural level, the paper shows that while law has played a key role in the development of South Africa’s public procurement system right from the outset, it constituted a light touch regulatory regime prior to the constitutional transition in 1994. The changes that the new constitutional dispensation brought about necessitated an adjustment in the regulation of public procurement as well. The development of public procurement law to effect such adjustment has, however, created a fragmented, uncoordinated and overly burdensome regulatory regime. At the substantive level, the paper argues that law has not managed to effectively create a framework for the use of public procurement for social policy purposes with specific reference to the pursuit of equality. Based on these findings, the paper argues that legal reform is urgently needed in order to avoid law undermining the public procurement function in South Africa.
Postępowanie wywołane wniesieniem skargi na orzeczenie Krajowej Izby Odwoławczej – zagadnienia konstrukcyjne
Authors: Kaspryszyn Janusz
Published: March 2023

Efektywne funkcjonowanie systemu zamówień publicznych nierozerwalnie jest związane z prawidłowym funkcjonowaniem środków ochrony prawnej. Jako kluczowe elementy efektywnego systemu skargowo-sądowego jawią się jego spójność i stabilność. Dlatego w ramach niniejszego opracowania autor dokonał oceny aktualnej konstrukcji postępowania sądowego wywołanego wniesieniem skargi na orzeczenie Krajowej Izby Odwoławczej. Badanie przy wykorzystaniu meatody dogmatycznoprawnej, z odwołaniem się do teorii prawa i  praktyki jego stosowania, miało na celu ustalenie, czy ukształtowanie procedury skargowej jawi się aktualnie jako optymalne. Przebieg postępowania skargowo-sądowego w ramach zamówień publicznych jest uregulowany w podstawowym zakresie na trzech płaszczyznach ustawowych: ustawy Prawo zamówień publicznych, Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego, ustawy o szczególnych rozwiązaniach związanych z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19, innych chorób zakaźnych oraz wywołanych nimi sytuacji kryzysowych. Wzajemne przenikanie się tych regulacji proceduralnych zawsze stanowić będzie zagrożenie dla prawidłowego toku postępowania. W opracowaniu zwrócono szczególną uwagę na zdalne procedowanie w ramach postępowania cywilnego, ograniczenia w zakresie jawności czynności sądowych, odstąpienie od kolegialności składu orzekającego oraz zasygnalizowano problematykę zaskarżania postanowień sądu zamówień publicznych. W konsekwencji wskazano, że oparcie systemu kontroli sądowej na trzech filarach ustawowych może stanowić zagrożenie dla skutecznej realizacji sądowej ochrony prawnej w ramach zamówień publicznych. Poczynione ustalenia i oceny mogą być inspiracją do prac legislacyjnych zmierzających do nowelizacji postępowania skargowo-sądowego.
Uwarunkowania prawno-ekonomiczne rynku zamówień publicznych w czasach wysokiej inflacji w Polsce
Authors: Kubiczek Jakub , Wydmański Wojciech , Morawska Izabela , Jochymczyk Paweł
Published: March 2023

Obserwowalny wpływ inflacji na przebieg procesów gospodarczych powoduje konieczność zastanowienia się nad wynikającymi z nich wyzwaniami prawno-ekonomicznymi. Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie uwarunkowań prawno-ekonomicznych rynku zamówień publicznych w warunakach wysokiej inflacji. Rozważania ograniczono do polskiej gospodarki oraz polskiego systemu prawnego (uwzględniając źródła prawa UE), a ograniczenie to wynika ze złożoności krajowych regulacji prawnych oraz specyficznej sytuacji gospodarczej kraju, a także skali problemu. Analiza piśmiennictwa pokazała, że proces wzrostu przeciętnego poziomu cen zmniejsza efektywność zamówień publicznych, a jego wpływ wzrasta wraz ze zwiększeniem jego dynamiki. Otoczenie prawne powinno umożliwiać podmiotom rynkowym dostosowanie się do warunków inflacyjnych. Warto podkreślić, że istnieje możliwość uznania inflacji za efekt ekonomiczny wojny w Ukrainie, co może być podstawą do zastosowania waloryzacji kosztorysów projektów i stawek cenowych za ich wykonanie. Wzrost cen dotyczy przeciętnie wszystkich sektorów gospodarki, co może prowadzić do konieczności waloryzacji wielu umów, a w konsekwencji do znacznego obciążenia budżetu instytucji zlecającej, przez co następuje weryfikacja pilności realizacji wszystkich zamówień. Ponadto umożliwienie waloryzacji nie rozwiązuje w pełni negatywnego wpływu wysokiej inflacji na proces zamówień publicznych, ponieważ pozostaje kwestia sprawozdawczości wykonawcy. Wartości przedstawiane w sprawozdaniu finansowym są podawane nominalnie, zatem zaburzona jest porównywalność w poszczególnych okresach.
Sądowa ocena zasadności umieszczenia osoby z zaburzeniami psychicznymi w szpitalu psychiatrycznym bez jej zgody (wybrane zagadnienia)
Authors: Wojcieszak-John Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, w jaki sposób przebiega sądowa ocena zasadności przyjęcia osoby z zaburzeniami psychicznymi do szpitala psychiatrycznego z perspektywy spełnienia przesłanek psychiatryczno-psychologicznych oraz przesłanek formalnych. Podjęte rozważania koncentrują się wokół analizy przesłanek przyjęcia do szpitala psychiatrycznego w tzw. trybie nagłym i obserwacyjnym. Badania aktowe przeprowadzono na terenie okręgu Sądu Okręgowego w Poznaniu i objęły one sprawy z lat 2018–2020. Wyniki badań pokazały, że konieczne jest wprowadzenie zmian legislacyjnych polegających m.in. na wprowadzeniu ustawowego terminu, w którym sąd obowiązany jest wydać orzeczenie w przedmiocie zasadności albo braku podstaw przyjęcia do szpitala psychiatrycznego, a także znowelizowaniu art. 23 ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego w taki sposób, aby przyjęcie do szpitala wymagało zatwierdzenia przez ordynatora (lekarza kierującego oddziałem) w ciągu 24 godzin od chwili przyjęcia, a kierownik szpitala zawiadamiałby o powyższym sąd w ciągu 72 godzin od chwili przyjęcia.
Musical hearing and the acquisition of foreign-language intonation
Authors: Jekiel Mateusz , Malarski Kamil
Published: March 2023

The present study seeks to determine whether superior musical hearing is correlated with successful production of second language (L2) intonation patterns. Fifty Polish speakers of English at the university level were recorded before and after an extensive two-semester accent training course in English. Participants were asked to read aloud a series of short dialogues containing different intonation patterns, complete two musical hearing tests measuring tone deafness and melody discrimination, and a survey regarding musical experience. We visually analyzed and assessed participants’ intonation by comparing their F0 contours with the model provided by their accent training teachers following ToBI (Tones and Break Indices) guidelines and compared the results with the musical hearing test scores and the survey responses. The results suggest that more accurate pitch perception can be related to more correct production of L2 intonation patterns as participants with superior musical ear produced more native-like speech contours after training, similar to those of their teachers. After dividing participants into four categories based on their musical hearing test scores and musical experience, we also observed that some students with better musical hearing test scores were able to produce more correct L2 intonation patterns. However, students with poor musical hearing test scores and no musical background also improved, suggesting that the acquisition of L2 intonation in a formal classroom setting can be successful regardless of one’s musical hearing skills.
„In domo gravissimae feminae“ Politische Unterredungen im Haus der Sulpicia im Jahre 186 v. Chr.
Authors: Flower Harriet I.
Published: March 2023

Der Aufsatz nimmt die Häuser von wohlhabenden Frauen im republikanischen Rom in den Blick und untersucht politische Unterredungen, die in diesem genderspezifisch bestimmten Umfeld stattfanden. Die Fallstudie zu Sulpicia, der Schwiegermutter von Spurius Postumius Albinus (Konsul 186 v. Chr.), bietet eine Reihe von wichtigen Einsichten in die Rollen, die unabhängige, in ihrem eigenen Haus lebende Frauen im frühen 2. Jahrhundert einnahmen. Livius’ Bericht zufolge fanden verschiedene für den Ausgang der Bacchanalien-Affäre entscheidende Gespräche in Sulpicias Haus statt. Dies enthüllt die soziale Konfiguration, in der Frauen interagierten, Netzwerke unterhielten, Informationen austauschten und über Politik wie über Religion sprachen, und zwar in einem besonderen, von ihnen kontrollierten Umfeld.
Rasse und Rassismus im Mittelalter. Potential und Grenzen eines aktuellen Forschungsparadigmas
Authors: Ubl Karl
Published: March 2023

In der US-amerikanischen Mediävistik rückte die Diskussion um Rassismus im Mittelalter, die vor etwas mehr als 20 Jahren begonnen hatte, zuletzt in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Die critical race
theory war dafür eine wichtige Inspirationsquelle, weil sie die Aufmerksamkeit auf implizite und indirekte Formen der sozialen, politischen und rechtlichen Ausgrenzung lenkte und es dadurch möglich machte, die Geschichte rassistischer Diskriminierung weiter als bisher üblich zu fassen. Der Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über diese Diskussion, über die divergierenden Positionierungen sowie über die Verständnisschwierigkeiten zwischen unterschiedlichen Forschungstraditionen. Im Hauptteil werden drei Beispiele aus dem frühen und hohen Mittelalter herausgegriffen, um das Potential und die Grenzen dieses neuen Forschungsparadigmas zu erörtern: die Wahrnehmung der Ungarn, die Verehrung schwarzer Heiliger und die Herausbildung der Lehre von der natürlichen Sklaverei. Diese Beispiele zeigen, dass ein weiter Begriff von Rasse, der sich auf die Essentialisierung kultureller Unterschiede bezieht, zwar neue historische Kontinuitäten aufdecken, aber auch zu Missverständnissen Anlass geben oder die Spezifik mittelalterlicher Phänomene verdecken kann. Eine Begrenzung des Konzepts auf die Ausgrenzung aufgrund der Abstammung und des Aussehens erscheint daher ebenso notwendig wie der Bruch mit der Auffassung, das Mittelalter sei eine rassismusfreie Epoche gewesen.
Zwischen Motorik und Kognition. Die Bewertung und Verschiebung menschlicher Leistungsfähigkeit, 1850–1930
Authors: Neumaier Christopher
Published: March 2023

Wissenschaftler:innen verschiedenster Disziplinen untersuchten ab den 1850er Jahren die menschliche Leistungsfähigkeit und wollten mit ihren Rationalisierungsvorschlägen die politischen, wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Rahmungen prägen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie insbesondere Physiolog:innen, Psycholog:innen, Arbeitswissenschaftler:innen, Ingenieure, Soziolog:innen und Ökonom:innen die kognitive Wahrnehmung und die physisch-motorische Leistungsfähigkeit analysierten. In einem inter- und transdisziplinären Aushandlungsprozess diskutierten sie ab den 1890er Jahren, inwiefern Sinneswahrnehmung und körperliche Arbeitsleistung, d. h. Kopf und Körper, aufeinander bezogen waren und die menschliche Leistungsfähigkeit prägten. Das war die entscheidende Veränderung in der wissenschaftlichen und öffentlichen Diskussion, da sie den Aushandlungsprozess über die menschliche Leistungsfähigkeit im gesamten 20. Jahrhundert beeinflusste und der menschliche Körper seitdem nicht mehr als ein thermodynamischer Motor, sondern als ein System der Informationsverarbeitung konzeptualisiert wird.
Remembrance Day 1971
Authors: Moar Fred “Toot”
Published: March 2023

Editors’ Note: The following speech, shared by Colonel Moar’s grandson, offers reflections from a Canadian WWII Veteran from the North Shore Regiment, who thoughtfully illustrated the complexities of armed conflict, the humanity that exists amid extreme contexts, and the lasting impacts of the moral dilemmas that arise, especially in relation to children. Colonel Moar remained steadfast in his service for a peaceful world and was greatly respected for how he championed care for fellow Veterans.
Mokrzeccy na Podlasiu w drugiej połowie XVII i na początku XVIII wieku. Studium historyczno-genealogiczne
Authors:   Łomżyńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe im. Wagów, Kalinowski Emil
Published: March 2023

The article continues the subject published in the last issue of the journal “Studia Podlaskie”. This study describes the family’s history from the second half of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The peak of its importance was connected with the activity of the cousins: the cup-bearer of the Bielsk Land, Krzysztof Stanisław (the son of Apollon) and the swordbearer of this land, Stanisław Jan (the son of Archilles). They owed their success to ties with the Branicki family, who after the death of Bogusław Radziwiłł became hegemons in the northern Podlasie.
Kartki z dziejów szkolnictwa w mieście i gminie Ciechanowiec (do 1918 r.)
Authors:   Muzeum Rolnictwa im. ks. Krzysztofa Kluka w Ciechanowcu, Tomaszewski Norbert , Radziszewski Zbigniew ,   Societas Scientiarum Klukoviana et Jablonovianae w Ciechanowcu, Tomaszewska Olga ,   Societas Scientiarum Klukoviana et Jablonovianae w Ciechanowcu
Published: March 2023

The aim of the article is to present the history of schools and education in Ciechanowiec, from the earliest times to the end of the World War I. The oldest mention comes from the charter of Ciechanowiec, from 1492, where abath-ing attendant was mentioned. He was supposed to „...bath school students once aweek...” . In the 18th century, the school in the town was run by priest Krzysztof Kluk, awell-known naturalist of the Enlightenment. In the 19th cen-tury, the dominant role was played by schools with Russian as the language of instruction. An exceptional person was priest Józef Gaul, who fought for the introduction of the Polish language in schools. Aleksander Apuchtin, who ruth-lessly fought against the Polish language and culture, spent the last years of his life in the area of Ciechanowiec.
Dwie specjalne akcje propagandowe Zrzeszenia Wolność i Niezawisłość na terenie Okręgu WiN Białystok – przebieg i skutki
Authors:   Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Oddział w Białymstoku, Autuchiewicz Jerzy
Published: March 2023

The text introduces the plans, the course and the effects of the special propa-ganda actions carried out by the Association WiN in the years 1945–1946, with particular attention to their implementation in the area of the District WiN Białystok. The pre-referendum „R” campaign and the pre-election „O” campaign were aimed at weakening the communist authorities and uplifting the public.
Żołnierze służby czynnej i urzędnicy wojskowi występujący w aktach siedleckiego notariatu i Urzędu Stanu Cywilnego (1810–1830)
Authors:   Muzeum Regionalne w Siedlcach, Chojnacki Andrzej
Published: March 2023

The text presents a complete list of the local registry office and the local nota-ry’s office in the years 1810-1830. It is an annex to the article by Andrzej Choj-nacki, Soldiers of the Siedlce garrison in the years 1804–1830.
Research on Smart Classroom Teaching Based on Learning Science
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: March 2023

The promulgation of the Chinese Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition) has defined the new teaching pattern of core literacy orientation. The core of the smart classroom is to enable learning to take place in the classroom and nourish literacy. In the context of learning science, the design of intelligent classroom teaching problems is of great significance. Question-oriented teaching is the concrete manifestation of the smart classroom, and its significance lies in the following aspects. Firstly, it provides contextuality. Context problems, known as driving problems, will drive students’ desire to explore. Secondly, it provides a sense of meaning. Problems will make students connect with the real world, thus starting their own learning system. Thirdly, it provides integrity. Lecture-based teaching based on knowledge points often leads to the phenomenon of “seeing only the part but not the whole”. The concept-based problem will form a systematic integration of scattered knowledge. The design of smart classroom teaching problems needs to be based on learning science, in-depth analysis of learners’ characteristics and habits, comprehensive use of learning science research results, technical means and new technologies, and design reasonable teaching programs to meet learners’ needs to the maximum extent, so as to make smart classroom teaching more scientific and effective.
Construction of VR/AR Smart Cloud Space based on 5G Network Environment in Education
Authors: Gao Yayi , Li Ling
Published: March 2023

With the emergence of the “5G+education” era, research on its application is mostly theoretical and lacks practical depth, making application research costly. This study aims to integrate school, third-party enterprises, and other resources to explore the joint building of specific application scenarios for “5G+education” in schools. The 5G VR/AR smart cloud space is a smart education experience scene that combines relevant teaching resources with teaching scenes through cloud rendering using virtual reality technology (VR) and augmented reality technology (AR). The high-speed and low-delay features of the 5G network and the support of cloud rendering technology enable students to experience virtual reality scenes through VR head-mounted displays while in the classroom, enhancing learning engagement. This study explores the application of 5G technology in primary school financial literacy education, studying its impact on environmental construction, resource application, curriculum development, and learning modes. Through theoretical and practical research, this study promotes education informatization development at the school and regional levels, benefiting students and teachers alike.
Implementation Strategies for “5G+Education” Teaching Activities
Authors: Tang Meng
Published: March 2023

Situational cognition, embodied cognition, and activity theory have all affirmed the positive impact of the environment on individuals. The high-speed and spatiotemporal nature of 5G can provide a rich teaching resource environment. This study adopts a teaching activity design concept that combines tradition with innovation to continuously optimize the implementation strategies of “5G+education” in teaching practice, adapting to changes in teaching methods and learning strategies brought by the integration of 5G emerging technologies. The research focuses on the Education Informatization 2.0 action and takes “5G+education” as the core of teaching activity design. It explores the implementation strategies of “5G+education” teaching activities in combination with online teaching and research during epidemic prevention and control in the 5G era. Additionally, the study explores feasible teaching activity implementation strategies of 5G in educational applications. Although the educational community has not yet formed systematic research and conclusions, and 5G educational applications are still in the exploration stage with considerable challenges in the combination and promotion of 5G and educational scenarios, reasonable use of the advantages of 5G technology to implement teaching activities can effectively solve existing educational problems and promote educational innovation. It is expected that the new educational intelligent teaching mode of “5G+education” will have better development and prospects in the future.
The Promotion of 5G+VR to Science Teaching in Primary Schools – Taking “The Passage of Time” in the First Volume of the Fifth Grade of the Education and Science Edition as an Example
Authors: Tan Yu
Published: March 2023

With the increasing attention paid to 5G-assisted teaching, there is a growing need to explore the practical application of 5G+VR in science education. This paper uses the lesson “Sun Clock” in the “The Passage of Time” section of the fifth-grade education and science textbook as an example to investigate the use of 5G+VR technology in science teaching. By taking advantage of the school’s 5G network environment and smart education platform, this study aims to improve students’ learning experience and solve the problems encountered in experimental teaching. Through the use of VR technology, students were able to independently explore and understand how light and shadow are used to tell time with the help of the “Sun Clock” experiment. Students were able to observe the relationship between light and shadow and learn how to use them to tell time by combining the explanation in VR glasses and multi-angle observation of the sundial on the equipment. The study found that the use of 5G+VR technology significantly improved students’ understanding of the content and increased their sense of self-efficacy and on-the-spot experience. The implementation of 5G+VR technology in science education has solved the problems of safety concerns, limitations of experimental materials and site, and improved students’ problem-solving abilities in practical situations. The findings of this study have important implications for the integration of technology in primary school science education.
Developing 5G+VR Curriculum Resources to Promote Education Research
Authors: Li Na , Chen Lan
Published: March 2023

Financial literacy education is a crucial aspect of school moral education. With the support of 5G network technology and environment, integrating 5G+VR technology into financial literacy courses has become a new challenge. This study aims to enrich students’ learning experience, promote education reform, and bring a new perspective to financial literacy education research by creating financial literacy education scenes. In the context of financial literacy learning, games are a fast and effective learning tool. The subject of this research is to use the visual and interactive features of AR/VR to design a game-based teaching scene that is consistent with the teaching content, attractive, and stimulates students’ interest in learning to improve the learning effect. With the help of 5G+VR technology, students’ classroom experience has transformed from 2D to 3D, from the plane content presented in textbooks and blackboards to more three-dimensional content. For some abstract or invisible content, AR/VR can display visually, which helps to improve cognition and understanding. The specific development process includes three parts. First, determining the development content and designing the script based on the course content and teaching objectives. The second part is communicating with the design company to carry out specific scene development, creating VR scene buildings, objects, characters, etc., and optimizing the scene design. Finally, with the cooperation of communication equipment providers, content providers, and schools, installation and commissioning are completed.
Building Smart Classrooms to Foster Efficient Research Modes: A Case Study of Zhongliang Xiangyun Branch of Chengdu Longjiang Road Primary School
Authors: Guo Gen
Published: March 2023

As technology and education continue to integrate, digitalization has paved the way for a new type of school under smart education that emphasizes efficient classrooms, behavioral data analysis, and the common growth of teachers and students. The smart education model of the new era seeks to enhance classroom management and evaluation efficiency, boost learning and cognitive efficiency, and promote high-quality and efficient learning. This paper proposes the creation of smart classroom scenes that use modern camera and AI research and analysis software and hardware systems to accurately collect behavioral data and form “digital portraits” and educational knowledge maps of teachers and students. By doing so, teachers can improve their professional abilities in education and teaching, and optimize the development and growth path of students. Furthermore, the construction of intelligent scenes is expected to improve teaching methods and transform classroom teaching, leading to innovation in education and teaching and talent training models, and facilitating scientific and personalized evaluation of classroom teaching. The ultimate goal is to achieve education in the new era that caters to individual needs and aptitude.
Practical Research on School’s “Smart Collaboration” Management Platform in the Background of Intelligent Governance
Authors: Zhou Yong
Published: March 2023

As a pilot school for the construction of modern school system in Chengdu, the Zhongliang Xiangyun Branch of Longjiang Road Primary School has continuously innovated and reformed the management system and mechanism. After nine years of rapid development, the school has completed the iterative update from digital campus to data campus and then to smart campus. Therefore, the comprehensive integration of existing reform experience and smart campus has become the focus of our continuous thinking and exploration in the near future. While pursuing high-quality development of schools, the level of school governance is particularly important. Therefore, intelligent governance, as an endogenous force leading the innovation of modern school governance, relies on intelligent technology to deeply integrate intelligent management and school governance. We will truly realize the transformation from the rule of man to the rule of all, from subjective judgment to the governance of schools empowered by digital intelligence, and achieve scientific decision-making in school management, accuracy of intelligent department services, and equalization of resource allocation. To further improve the influence of the school and the strength of software and hardware, we integrate smart education and advocate collaborative governance, so that students can grow in smart education and teachers can improve their professional abilities in modern campus. To achieve this goal, we upgrade the school's intelligent environment construction and realize the convenience of education and teaching services. At the same time, we integrate the innovative mode of “intelligence+collaboration”, construct a new form of “smart collaboration” of the school, and realize the high-quality development of school management.
Structural design process for estimating cross-laminated timber use factors for buildings
Authors: Dolan J. Daniel , Wilson Alex , Brandt Kristin , Bender Donald A. , Wolcott Michael P.
Published: March 2023

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction has received significant attention for potential North American markets; however, few claims have been substantiated with structural design details that assess the amount of CLT to be used in various classifications of buildings. This article presents a design process used for the development of archetype buildings to estimate the potential CLT demand. Three types of structural systems were identified: platform construction, rocking walls with a separate gravity system, and hybrid construction consisting of reinforced concrete elevator cores and rocking walls. Platform construction was used for buildings 1 to 6 stories in height, the rocking wall system was used for buildings 6 to 12 stories in height, and the hybrid structural system was used for buildings 12 to 18 stories in height. The assumptions and design process for each of these archetypes are presented in this paper. Based on the structural analyses, CLT use factors were developed for predicting market demand as well as cost estimation of CLT building projects.
Preparation and mechanical properties of magnesium-cemented straw composites
Authors: Zheng Nihua , Wu Danni , Sun Ping , Liu Hongguang , Luo Bin , Li Li
Published: March 2023

Magnesium-cemented straw composites (MCSC), as an environmentally friendly and energy-conserving material, have an enormous potential to achieve favorable properties, especially for bending strength. In this study, rice straw powder, fly ash, and magnesia cement (MC) were mixed to prepare MCSC. An optimization formula for composites was found to promote the bending strength by 490% from 0.28 MPa (empty sample) to 13.89 MPa (composites). From the variance results, the molar ratio of MgO/MgCl2 (M value) and addition of rice straw (As) noticeably impacted the compressive and bending strengths. The optimum schemes were:10% (weight ratio) for rice straw, 10% for fly ash (Af), 5 for M value, 12 to 15 for H value (the molar ratio of H2O/MgCl2), 20-mesh of straw powder (Ms), and 28 days for the curing time (T). Considering the different use of MCSC, if the weight vector was 0.7 (compressive strength) and 0.3 (bending strength), the optimized formula was M5H25Ms20T15daysAs10%Af10%. If the weight vector was 0.3 (compressive strength) and 0.7 (bending strength), the optimized formula was M5H10Ms20T3daysAs10%Af10%.
Over-the-scope Technique for Partially Covered Self-expandable Metal Stent Placement to Treat Duodenal Perforation during EUS
Authors: Sbrozzzi-Vanni Andrea , Galloro Giuseppe , Piciucchi Matteo , Castellani Danilo , Germani Ugo , Dell'Amico Iginio , Zito Francesco , Pallio Socrate , Mangiafico Santi , Zullo Angelo , Manta Raffaele
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims: Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is generally safe, duodenal perforation may occur during the procedure. When the iatrogenic break is wide, endoscopic positioning of a covered self- expandable metal stent is indicated to avoid a more invasive surgical approach. We evaluated the efficacy of the ‘over-the-scope stenting’ (OTSS) technique to treat iatrogenic duodenal perforations occurred during EUS.

Methods: Data of patients with large iatrogenic duodenal perforations treated with OTSS procedure were collected in 5 centers. Technical success was defined as a correct stent placement on the perforation site, and clinical success as complete healing of the duodenal leak at stent removal 3 weeks later.

Results: A total of 15 (7 males; median age: 78 years, range 47-91) patients were included in this series. A correct stent positioning was achieved in all cases (technical success: 100%), and the perforation was healed in all, apart from one patient at stent removal (clinical success: 93%). This patient was successfully treated with a novel stent placement. No immediate post-procedural adverse events occurred, and no need for emergency surgery was recorded. In one (6.7%) patient, stent migration occurred 10 days after positioning, and it was spontaneously expulsed with stool movement without complications two days later.

Conclusions: Our data showed that the OTTS technique for partially covered self-expandable metal stent placement is feasible, safe and effective to tread large iatrogenic duodenal perforation occuring during EUS.
Механізм тертя гальмових колодок з чавуну та композиційного матеріалу по поверхні коліс залізничного транспорту
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mazur V.L. , Sirenko К.A. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The friction mechanisms of brake pads made of cast iron and composite material (rubber-asbestos or rubber-free mixtures, including those with cast-iron inserts) on the surface of wheels of railway rolling stock were analysed. Values of the friction coefficient are given. The main role in the mechanism of friction of cast iron pads on the surface of railway wheels belongs to the microstructure of cast iron, namely, the amount, shape, distribution in volume of graphite inclusions, dispersion of pearlite and cementite inclusions, and the construction of phosphide eutectics. The friction mechanism of pads made of composite material on the wheel surface is determined by the content and properties of the components from which the composite rubber mixture is formed, their chemical and granulometric composition, as well as the degree of burnout of the composite rubber mixture during the operation of the brake pads. It is shown that due to the lack of regulation in the standards and technical conditions for composite blocks of the percentage content of ingredients and their chemical composition in the composite material, its properties and the value of the coefficient of friction are uncontrolled. Cyclic temperature changes on the contact surface of the brake pads with the wheels during train braking and high peak temperatures (up to 800 °C) in individual periods of braking lead to changes in the structure and properties of the surface layer of the metal of the wheels and the material of the brake pads. This is reflected in the frictional characteristics of the friction process of brake pads with wheels. The disadvantage of brake pads made of composite material is their low thermal conductivity compared to cast iron pads. As a result, the temperature in the contact zone of composite pads with wheels increases more than when using pads made of cast iron. The hydrodynamic effects of moisture (water) in the contact zone of brake pads with the surface of vehicle wheels are considered from the standpoint of classical tribology approaches. The microrelief of the working surface of the brake pads was studied. The influence of various factors on the coefficient of friction of the brake pads on the surface of the wheels is shown. Recommendations are provided for improving standards and technical conditions for brake pads made of cast iron and other materials. Keywords: brake pads, wheels of railway transport, friction, cast iron, composite materials, surface microrelief.
Сучасні технології зміцнення робочих органів ґрунтообробних машин
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Doroshenko V.S. , Kaliuzhnyi P.B. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

During the operation of soil tillage machines, their working bodies, which are in direct contact with the soil, are exposed to abrasive wear, high contact and dynamic loads, as well as the corrosive effect of the soil. Heavy operating conditions cause intensive wear of such parts. Therefore, works related to increasing the wear resistance of materials intended for the manufacture of working bodies of tillage machines (ploughshares, cultivator paws, disks, chisels, etc.) are relevant. The main strengthening technologies presented on the market for the working bodies of tillage machines are considered. Data on the percentage ratio of the market volume by certain types of strengthening were collected and analyzed. Separate characteristics of the considered methods of strengthening tillage bodies are shown in comparison. To ensure wear resistance and technical resource at the same level as the best foreign analogues, it is recommended that tillage bodies be made by casting from high-strength cast iron, heat treated, reaching its bainite metal base, saturated with carbides, in particular on the surface. It is advisable that one surface layer of the metal be of increased hardness, which will meet the condition of self-sharpening of the working organs during wear. Two methods of hardening are considered to fulfill this condition, in which water is used as a cooling medium for heat treatment of the plow blade. At the same time, a new feature of the isothermal tempering of ploughshares developed by us is the use of heated metal equipment, in the given examples of the quality of which ploughshare casting was used repeatedly. The features and advantages of cooling castings in a fluidized bed of sand are also considered. Replacing expensive materials, alloys and technologies with the use of unalloyed high-strength cast iron with a wear-resistant structure, as well as the use of low-cost casting methods together with thermal strengthening will lead to a significant reduction in the cost of the working bodies of tillage machines. Keywords: technologies of strengthening, quenching, wear, working bodies of soil tillage machines, plow, high -strength cast iron.
Структуроутворення та властивості листових конструкційних сталей при режимах ординарної та комбінованої термічної обробки з витримкою в міжкритичному інтервалі температур
Authors:   Iron and Steel Institute of. Z.I. Nekrasov of NAS of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine, Plyuta V. L. , Levchenko G. V. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of. Z.I. Nekrasov of NAS of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine, Nesterenko A. M. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of. Z.I. Nekrasov of NAS of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The features of the structure, the nature of the distribution of alloying elements and impurities between the structural components of sheet low-alloy steels that have undergone heat treatment with exposure in the intercritical temperature interval (ICTI), the structure formation and mechanical properties of these steels after the combined regimes of heat treatment with exposure in the ICIT were investigated. The analysis of the distribution of elements among the structural components of the studied low-alloy steels allowed us to establish that during heat treatment with direct exposure in the ICTI, such elements as manganese, chromium, aluminum, vanadium, sulfur, and phosphorus are concentrated mainly in the strengthening martensitic-bainite phase, while nickel, silicon and titanium are evenly distributed between the strengthening phase and ferrite. The conducted research on the example of sheet low-alloy steel 14G2 shows that the effects of grinding of ferritic grain, peаrlitic and martensitіс (bainite) components during combined processing with exposure in ICTI can be caused by implementation at low (450-550ºС) temperatures of isothermal decomposition the mechanism of multiple nucleation of ferrite microcrystals. It was established that the combined regimes with exposure in ICTI allow, without the application of hardening and tempering operations, to achieve in sheet low-alloy steel 14G2 mechanical properties at the level of strength class 390 according to DSTU 8541:2015 with yield strength values of 422-425 МPа and with high plasticity and impact viscosity Therefore, the use of these modes in a modified form can be recommended for the creation of end-to-end energy-saving technologies of heat treatment with exposure in the ICTI of low-alloyed steel sheet in the flow of thick-sheet mills equipped with normalization units. Keywords: structure formation, intercritical temperature interval, isothermal decomposition, martensitic-bainite phase, combined regime.
Spring Cleaning: Time to Tidy Up Coding and Billing Processes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: March 2023

This article provides tips for reviewing and “cleaning up” coding and billing practices. This includes the following topics:

Appropriate adoption of new codes and guidelines Reviewing accounts receivable processes and outcomes Updating any outdated resources and exploring new options
Prolonged Services: CPT® Guidelines and Medicare/Medicaid Policy
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: March 2023

This article addresses the following topics:

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for prolonged evaluation and management (E/M) service codes are reported based on the occurrence or absence of a face-to-face visit on the same date in addition to time requirements. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) created Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes with guidelines that vary significantly from the CPT guidelines. CMS does not always limit the time attributed to prolonged service to time on the date of the encounter.
Experimental analysis of combustion with the use of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends in diesel generator sets
Authors: Pacheco Leão Sara , Martins Nogueira Manoel Fernandes , Zarate Rocha Hendrick Maxil , Da Silva Guerra Danielle Regina , Seawright de Campos Ricardo Augusto
Published: March 2023

This study aims to experimentally investigate the effects of using different percentages of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends in diesel internal combustion engines and to analyze energy and combustion parameters. The experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled, and constant-speed diesel generator set with a rated electrical power of 4.5 kW and 79% of full engine load (3.54kW). Temperature, fuel flow, AVL pressure, and rotation sensors were installed on the crankshaft and inside the cylinder. The fuels used were commercial diesel (S-10) and blends with 1%, 2%, and 3% of anhydrous ethanol added to diesel, changing the injection pressure in only one blend. The results show a decrease in thermal efficiency and an increase in fuel consumption, in addition to an increase in ignition delay, an increase in combustion duration, a decrease in in-cylinder pressure, and a decrease in the heat release rate as the percentage of ethanol increased.
Análisis y validación experimental de licuefacción de suelos mediante estudio granulométrico
Authors: Cano-Franco Valentina , Medina-Mosquera Karen Daniela , Restrepo-Escobar Juan Felipe , Vélez-Hoyos Francisco J. , Aristizabal-Tique Victor H.
Published: March 2023

El fenómeno de la licuefacción es una problemática vinculada a las condiciones del suelo que puede conllevar un alto riesgo para la infraestructura civil y las personas, por lo cual demanda un adecuado entendimiento de sus causas. En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia de la granulometría del material del suelo con la ocurrencia del fenómeno de licuefacción. Para tal fin, se desarrolló un montaje en laboratorio de una estructura de bloques soportado en diferentes tipos de suelos, el cual es sometido a movimiento sísmico controlado por medio de una plataforma electromecánica. Los resultados muestran que las arenas medias contribuyen a la presencia del fenómeno, mientras que los finos y las gravas actúan como mitigadores. Además, se definieron los criterios de clasificación para determinar los niveles de licuefacción y las afectaciones que presentó la estructura debido al fenómeno.
Enhancing of ventilation efficiency of premise due to linear diffuser
Authors: Voznyak Orest , Sukholova Iryna , Spodyniuk Nadiia , Kasynets Mariana , Savchenko Olena , Dovbush Oleksandr , Datsko Oleksandra
Published: March 2023

This article is directed on increase of the premise ventilation efficiency by using linear diffusers. The aim of the work was to carry out theoretical research, experimental investigations and numerical modeling of the linear diffuser air dynamic characteristics, to obtain the graphs and analytical equations for determination of the linear diffuser necessary parameters and to encrease of efficiency air distribution in the room. Graphs of air velocity dependence on current coordinate and plates angle have been created and approximated by empirical equations. There was established that air velocity decreases intensively with increasing current coordinate and decreases with increasing of the plates angle.
PENANGANAN IKAN HASIL TANGKAPAN DI ATAS KAPAL DAN DI PENDARATAN: PENERAPAN, DAMPAK, DAN UPAYA PERBAIKANNYA
Authors: Handoko Yudi Prasetyo , Yuniarti Tatty
Published: March 2023

Teknik penanganan ikan yang baik menjadi kunci untuk mempertahankan mutu ikan hasil tangkapan. Prinsip penanganan ikan di atas kapal dan di tempat pendaratan ikan di beberapa lokasi masih belum diterapkan secara benar. Tujuan  penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan cara penanganan ikan yang baik di atas kapal dan di tempat pendaratan, mengetahui dampak dari penerapan cara penanganan ikan yang tidak sesuai, dan mengetahui upaya yang telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan penerapan cara penanganan ikan yang baik oleh pelaku usaha perikanan. Metode penelitian dengan kajian Pustaka dan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan penjelasan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diketahui cara penanganan ikan yang baik sejak di atas kapal hingga di tempat pendaratan secara umum belum diterapkan secara sempurna. Dampak negatif dari belum baiknya penerapan Teknik penanganan ikan adalah lebih cepatnya terjadi proses kemunduran mutu dan kerugian pendapatan dari menurunnya harga jual ikan akibat penurunan mutu ikan. Upaya perbaikan sudah dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan kepada pelaku usaha perikanan di kapal dan Pelabuhan tentang Teknik penanganan ikan yang baik.
Meaning and Method in Comparative Theology, by Catherine Cornille
Authors: Hedges Paul
Published: March 2023

Meaning and Method in Comparative Theology, by Catherine Cornille. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2020, pp. 214 + ix. $ 47.95 US. ISBN: 978-111-953-5225
Anthropological Case Studies As Research Design For Intercultural Theology
Authors: Jara J Daniel
Published: March 2023

This article explores the suitability of anthropological Case Studies (CSs) as a research design for research related to intercultural theology. The introduction refers briefly to the crisis of modernity’s missiological paradigm and the emergence of contextual theologies and intercultural theology as responses. It subsequently focuses on the ambivalent historical relationship between anthropological research and theological endeavors and the current relevance of culture studies for theological research. The following section targets the characteristics and aims of CSs and their nature as a research design rather than a method, along with the nature of the cases, their types, and their selection criteria. It also evaluates the possibilities of CSs as a research design for intercultural theology with special attention to two “research styles”: action research and participatory action research. The main criticisms of the CS design (reliability, internal validity, and transferability) as well as the comparison issue among cases are explained. Finally, this describes how the conjunction of theological research and models from cultural studies transcends a purely practical approach, implying the epistemological and even ontological postulates that sustain both disciplines.