bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Воинские коллизии в Багацохуровском цикле эпоса «Джангар»
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Ubushieva Danara V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction.The epic narrative of the early Baga-Tsokhor cycle (1853-1862), being heroic in nature, is based on archaic motifs which can also be traced through the topic of military conflicts. Goals. The study aims to consider the main sections of military conflicts, and the following tasks be solved thereto: typological identification of a hero (‘forefather hero’ or ‘warrior hero’); designation of functions attributed to the war horse and weapons; delineation of combat forms and symbolic epic backgrounds. Materials and Methods. The paper analyzes texts of the early Baga-Tsokhor cycle of the Kalmyk Jangar epic. The work employs comparative, textual, and analytical research methods. Results. In fact, plots and motifs of this topic are a symbiosis of archaic and heroic lines. Prologues to the songs of the Cycle are formed as part of a mythological interpretation of events, and the plots of the songs — although devoted to exploits of the heroes, which determines a military, heroic nature of the cycle — are still dependent on magical mythological motifs. The warrior hero still possesses rudiments of the image typical for the first-born (‘forefather’) hero, which explains the absence of important links of the heroic epic, e.g. motifs of miraculous birth and heroic childhood. The war horse and weapons are still destined, and the latter also serve as an accommodation for the external soul of the hero. The epic background is also twofold: while the prologue describes the primordial era, the plot deals with the time of consolidation of various ethnic groups. Conclusions. It can be presumed that the Baga-Tsokhor cycle of the epic reflects a transition from a ‘small’ epic form to a ‘large’ one, an evolution from the original core of the archaic epic to the final ‘concentric’ cyclization of the heroic narrative.
ASSESSMENT OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL FLUCTUATIONS IN GROUNDWATER LEVEL AND ITS IMPACT ON TUBEWELL ENERGY NEXUS
Authors: Awais Hafiz M. , Shakoor Aamir
Published: February 2021

Over exploitation of groundwater to fulfill the crop water requirements due to insufficient canal water supply can pose a major threat of water table lowering in semi-arid regions like Pakistan. So, it is necessary to analyze the seasonal groundwater level variations for appropriate management strategies to sustainable groundwater use. Water table declining has adverse economic impacts on total cost of agricultural inputs, as more than 50% of irrigation demand is being fulfilled from groundwater resources. Therefore, this research was aimed to draw the groundwater level zones and to determine the impacts of lowering water table on tubewell energy nexus in district Hafizabad, Pakistan. Water table depth was categorized in three zones i.e., shallow (<10 m), moderate (10-15 m) and deep (>15 m) for years 2003, 2008 and 2013. It was found that water table was shallow on north-east boundary, moderate on the Centre and deep on west-south boundary. During the study period, the area under shallow water table zone reduced from 38.6 to 23%, moderate area expanded from 52.3 to 59.2% and deep area increased from 9.1 to 17.9%. The difference between total cost of shallow and moderate water table was minor. The total cost (construction and operational) of tubewell for 36 m deep water table was 3 times higher than shallow depth (9 m). Thus, lowering of water table should be controlled by increasing share of canal water in deeper zone and introducing artificial recharge methods
ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN INTRODUCING EFFECTIVE SUGARCANE PROTECTION AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Iqbal Mobushir , Amir Rana Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The main purpose of the study was to investigate role of sugar mills in introducing improved production and protection methods for increasing sugarcane yield. Sugarcane farmers and Extension Field Staffs (EFS) in Pakistan are performing laborious jobs but the ultimate production of sugarcane crop is quite low as compared to neighboring countries. The main constraint associated with it is lack of technical competencies in the field of agriculture on the part of farming community and EFS of public and private sectors. There is a dire need to equip them with latest technological advancements in order to cope with changing demand of the country. The operational area of Hussein Sugar Mills (HSM) was selected which consisted of 200 villages. Out of which 4 villages namely chak 53, 54, 55 and 61 were selected randomly. From each village 30 respondents were selected through convenient sampling method. Hence, a total sample of 120 respondents was selected from the related section area of the sugar mill. The data were collected with the help of pre-tested and validated interview schedule. It was concluded that HSM must increase its area of operation as sugarcane growers mostly followed the instructions of EFS of HSM.
EFFECT OF TRYPTOPHAN SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MEAT TYPE BIRDS: A REVIEW
Authors:   Trouw Nutrition Ag- Research Ontario, Canada, Javed Umer
Published: February 2021

The requirement of animal protein is increasing with the population growth of the world. To fulfil this requirement, poultry meat is the cheapest and major source of animal protein. However, growth of broiler birds is being maximized by supplementing various nutrients from both artificial and natural source. One of the major nutrient for optimizing broiler growth performance are amino acids. Amino acids play a major role in meat type bird’s growth as they are the building blocks of protein synthesis and regulate different metabolic pathways. These metabolic pathways increases the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The purpose of this review is to insight the effect of tryptophan on production parameters and metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of serotonin. On the basis of this review, we can conclude that tryptophan level of 0.20% during the starter phase and 0.15% during the finisher phase is mandatory to maintain optimum growth performance. However, tryptophan level of 0.20% is sole precursor for the synthesis of serotonin that is a neuromediator. Serotonin is involved in the dietary choice of broiler bird, improving gastrointestinal motility and intestinal secretion. Therefore, it is concluded that optimum level of tryptophan should be maintained in diet either by natural or synthetic source to optimize the growth performance and metabolic activities.
EQUINE ZOONOTIC DISEASES: A REVIEW
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Sarfraz Kaleem Ullah
Published: February 2021

Zoonotic diseases are those diseases that are transferred from animals to humans. Several equine zoonotic diseases affected humans from mild to severe such as vesicular stomatitis, brucellosis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, equine Hendra virus, dermatophytosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, giardiasis, rabies, arboviral encephalitis, acute diarrhea, salmonellosis, clostridium difficile, and cryptosporidiosis. These serious diseases did not eliminate due to many reasons. Personal hygiene, protective clothing, recognition of zoonotic agents and identification of potential fomites can reduce zoonotic diseases or prevent the transfer of zoonotic diseases.
PROJECTION OF DRY BEANS CULTIVATION AREA FOR TURKEY: CASE OF CENTER ANATOLIAN REGION
Authors: Dogan Hasan Gokhan
Published: February 2021

Dry beans are an agricultural product within the legume family. It is a product included in irrigated farming systems and has a higher profit margin compared to other products. It is an important resource in meeting the protein needs of people with low income. In this study, dry bean projections with the ARIMA model have been made for the provinces of Central Anatolia Region and Turkey in general. The ARIMA model projected that there was an important volatility in the dry bean production areas over the years. As a result of the estimations, although a rising trend in the period up to 2023, especially after the estimate was made in 2021 will again switch to a down trend. In the light of the information obtained, it is recommended to eliminate the factors that will adversely affect the producer's production decisions. It is recommended to further support cost factors to provide price stability and to examine the actors in the supply chain.
Analysis of Entrepreneurship Development Model on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Entities in Badung Market Area, Denpasar City
Authors: Oktiviantari Ni Wayan , Prianthara IB. Teddy
Published: February 2021

This research aims to observe the efforts done by the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) entities in developing the entrepreneurship and to observe the difficulties which were encountered by the MSME entities in the process of entrepreneurship development. This research was designed by using a qualitative approach. The location of this research is in the area of Badung Market in Denpasar City. The primary data is obtained through the research informants. The informants in this research are the MSME entities in Badung Market area in Denpasar. The data validation testing was done using data triangulation. The data were analyzed using the descriptive qualitative technique. The result shows that the entrepreneurship model which is done in Badung Market is based on the togetherness concept. This togetherness concept means the concept is of the people, by the people and for the people. The development process makes the MSME entities in Badung Market, Denpasar more creative and aware in seeing any opportunities to open a new business. This process is certainly influenced by many factors, both internal and external such as, education, sociology, organization, tradition and environment. Those factors formed locus of control, creativity, innovation, implementation, and growth which then will develop to become a great entrepreneur. The development process is divided into some development stages which are innovation process, support process, implementation process and growth process.
Implementation of Human Resources Information Systems in Industrial Revolution 4.0: Case Study of Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bali Internasional
Authors: Styawati Kadek Ari , Gorda A.A.N. Eddy Supriyadinata
Published: February 2021

The rapid development of information and communication technology offers solutions in effective and efficient organizational management. The implementation of information technology becomes an important aspect in the competition in the digital arena. This study aims to examine in-depth about how the application of HRIS in STPBI. The research results showed that the implementation of HRIS at STPBI is used as a strategic activity in optimizing HR functions. The transformation and implementation of HRIS has several supporting and inhibiting factors. These supporting and inhibiting factors are combined in the development of HR in line with the theoretical and literary concepts used in this study. Through integrated work synergies in the field of staffing, transparency and availability of information is very helpful in decision making. The implementation of HRIS at STPBI is based on the paradigm of a balance between supporting factors and inhibiting factors.
The Potential of Taro Village in Supporting Sustainable Tourism in Gianyar, Bali
Authors: Wijaya Nyoman Surya , Sudarmawan I Wayan Eka
Published: February 2021

The development of rural tourism requires the participation of local communities in the entire development phase starting from the planning, implementation and supervision stages. However, in reality there is Often neglect of community participation. This study aims to examine the strategy of developing Taro Rural Tourism and the involvement of local communities in development. The research in this paper was conducted in the tourist village of Taro, Gianyar Regency, Bali. Data collection is done by literature study, in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis. This paper shows that the development of tourist villages in Taro can still be developed considering that Taro still has tourism potential that is very possible to be developed.
Rendang Lokan as A Culinary Tourism Attraction in Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Nadra Abdiani Khairat , Nora Efmilia
Published: February 2021

The tourism trend in which culinary tourism is one of the favorite tourist attractions that is favored provides opportunities for areas that have distinctive culinary delights, Pesisir Selatan is one of the areas that has traditional culinary specialties which if developed will become one of the tourist attractions. This study aims to see whether the culinary specialties of Pesisir Selatan Rendang Lokan has the potential to be developed as a tourist attraction. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, using Damanik and Weber's theory of uniqueness, originality, authenticity and diversity and is supported by Yoeti's theory of tourist attraction, namely having something to see, something to do and something to buy. Data collection was carried out by interview and observation. The results showed that Rendang Lokan has the potential to be developed as a tourist attraction. This can be seen from the uniqueness of its taste, its originality and consistency in the use of the same ingredients that has not changed since the past, its authenticity in the traditional manufacturing process, and its diversity on its flavors. As a tourist attraction, Rendang Lokan also meets the criteria of "Something to be seen" which is the process of making and processing ingredients and spices. It also has "Something to do" which is being able to involve tourists to join in cooking Rendang Lokan, and also "Something to buy" which acts as a souvenir.
Kesintasan Penyakit Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Abdul Moeloek Lampung Tahun 2017-2018
Authors: Muhani Nova , Sari Nurhalina
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) have become health problems in various parts of the world. One of NCD which is a health problem is chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a global public health problem with an increasing prevalence and incidence of kidney failure, poor prognosis and high cost of care. CKD is a cause of death globally, the biggest cause of CKD is coomorbidity with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The highest mortality occurred in less than the first 12 months of hemodialysis, which was 78,1%. The purpose of this study was to determine the age, sex, duration of survival of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis based on comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Retrospective cohort study designis used a, with a sample of 201 respondents. The study used data from the daily reports of the hemodialysis unit, namely patients who under went hemodialysis and then observed for 12 months. The outcome variable for mortality and its risks factors (diabetes, age, and gender). The analysis used survival analysis with cox regression. The results of the study were 37.8% of deaths occured, CKD patients with with diabetes mellitus comorbidity 24.9%. Respondents on hemodialysis are based on gender were male (45,3%) and female (54,7%) ages less than 45 years (27.4%).The Statistical test results obtained from non-diabetes mellitus group had a 3.1 times higher survival rate than the diabetes mellitus group (p value = 0.01).
Abstrak
Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) menjadi masalah kesehatan di berbagai belahan dunia. Salah satu PTM yang menjadi masalah kesehatan adalah penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK). PGK merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global dengan prevalensi dan insidens gagal ginjal yang terus meningkat, prognosis yang buruk dan memerlukan biaya perawatan yang tinggi. PGK merupakan penyebab kematian secara global. Penyebab PGK terbesar adalah komorbiditas dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Kematian tertinggi terjadi pada kurang dari 12 bulan pertama menjalani hemodialisis yaitu sebesar 78,1%. Tujuan untuk mengetahui umur, jenis kelamin, lama ketahanan hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis berdasarkan komorbiditas diabetes melitus tipe 2. Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif dengan sampel sebesar 201 responden. Penelitian menggunakan data dari laporan harian unit hemodialisis yaitu pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis kemudian dilakukan observasi selama 12 bulan. Variabel outcome kematian dan faktor risikonya (diabetes, umur, dan jenis kelamin). Analisis yang digunakan analisis survival dengan cox regression. Hasil penelitian terjadi kematian sebesar 37,8%, pasien PGK dengan komorbiditas diabetes melitus 24,9%. Responden hemodialisis berdasarkan jenis kelamin Laki-laki (45,3%) dan perempuan (54,7%) umur kurang dari 45 tahun 27,4%. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh kelompok tidak diabetes melitus memiliki kesintasan 3,1 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok diabetes melitus (p Value = 0,01).
A Rare Case of Embolization of a PFO Occluder Device to the Abdominal Aorta in a Patient with Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Previous Aortic Coarctation: A Case Report
Authors: Allievi Luca , Bongarzoni Amedeo , Tassinario Guido , Carugo Stefano
Published: February 2021

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital defect in adults; its
closure with an occluder device is usually a safe procedure. However, a
rare and potentially fatal complication is the device embolization. We
report a case of a 52-year-old man with bicuspid aortic valve and
surgically corrected aortic coarctation in which a PFO occluder device
migrated to the abdominal aorta. We recommend paying attention to the
risk factors before the intervention (PFO characteristics and multiple
congenital defects) and to the clinical-echocardiographic follow-up, to
prevent, recognize and treat this severe complication as soon as
possible.
A pilot “Telephone-and-Test” (Modified Straight-to-Test) for ENT two-week wait referrals
Authors: Wong Billy , Kiakou Maria , Fletcher Leon , Chaurasia Madhup , Puvanendran Mark
Published: February 2021

Objective To assess the efficacy and outcome of a pilot model in
triaging urgent suspected head and neck cancer referrals during the
Covid-19 pandemic. Design Prospective observational cohort study Setting
Regional Head and Neck Cancer hub, United Kingdom. Participants 84
patients who were referred via the 2 week wait pathway and streamed
directly for imaging investigations after initial telephone
consultation. Main outcome measures The malignancy detection rate using
the telephone-and-test model Results 495 2-week wait referrals were
received during the study period. 104 patients were discharged following
their initial telephone consultation. 84 (17%) patients were streamed
directly for imaging investigations following their telephone
consultation. Malignancy was identified in 11.9% of patients which
included squamous cell carcinoma, differentiated thyroid carcinoma and
lymphoproliferative disease. 51% of patients had other benign
pathologies such as benign salivary gland tumour, benign thyroid disease
and physiological lymphadenopathy. Following their radiological
investigation, 48.8% of patients were discharged without any need for
further consultations. Conclusions The telephone-and-test approach is an
effective and efficient model for triaging head and neck two-week wait
referrals, which could be applicable outside the pandemic times.
Risk of Second Primary Malignancy in Patients Treated with Radioactive Iodine for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: McNamara K , Barry Veronica , Yao Alexander , Weekes Joanne , Saunders Thomas , Hari Churunal , Tripathi Devashish
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction Radioactive iodine (RAI) is widely used as a
treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer following total
thyroidectomy. There is a risk of second primary malignancy (SPM) in
these patients which is estimated between 0-5% although research to
support this is limited. The primary aim of this study was to ascertain
the rate of SPM in patients who have undergone RAIT for thyroid cancer.
The secondary objectives were to assess whether the risk is dose
dependant and examine the overall survival and recurrence rates. Methods
A retrospective review of all patients treated with radioactive iodine
for thyroid cancer between 2002 and 2014. Patient information was
collected from a structured database. Data regarding second cancers and
recurrence rates was obtained from an online clinical portal. Follow up
was 5 years minimum. Results 199 patients underwent RAI treatment.
Median age was 53. 71.4% patients were female and 28.6% were male. All
patients underwent total thyroidectomy. 13.6% underwent total thyroid
and central neck dissection. 11% underwent total thyroidectomy and
lateral neck dissection. 5.5% required post-operative radiotherapy.
12% patients developed recurrent thyroid cancer. 8% developed a SPM of
which prostate, skin, head and neck SCC were the most common. A dose
≥3.7 (Gigabecquerel) GBq was statistically significantly more likely to
lead to a SPM with a P value of 0.041 (95% CI -0.52 – 0.01318).
Conclusions Increased risk of developing a second primary malignancy
should be taken into account, especially in younger patients with low
risk disease, when deciding on RAIT. Key words Radioactive iodine,
Differentiated thyroid cancer, Second primary malignancy, Radioiodine,
Thyroid cancer
Title: Application of a physiotherapy protocol to women during the active phase of labour improves obstetric outcomes: a randomized clinical trial.
Authors: SANTANA LICIA , Gallo Rubneide , Quintana Silvana , Duarte Geraldo , Ferreira Cristine Homsi , Marcolin Alessandra
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological
childbirth care protocol in women in the active phase of labour in
improving obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Design: Randomized trial
with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat
analysis. Setting: Reference Centre of Women’s Health of Ribeirão
Preto–MATER, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Eighty low-risk primiparous
women at the end of pregnancy and beginning of the active phase of
labour were randomized to experimental group (EG) (n=40) or control
group (CG) (n=40). Women in EG received four interventions: ambulation
at 4 to 6 cm of cervical dilation; alternative maternal positions
associated with TENS at 6 to 7 cm, and a warm shower bath at
>7 cm. The CG received only routine obstetric. Main outcome
measures: The length of the active phase of labour, the expulsive phase
duration, and the prevalence of labour dystocia assessed by the
partograph. Results: The parturients who received the sequential
non-pharmacological protocol had a shorter length of the active phase of
labour (CG=444 minutes; EG=373 minutes; p=0,02), presented rupture of
membranes later in labour (CG=7cm; EG=8cm; p<0,01), requested
pharmacological analgesia with more significant cervical dilatation
(CG=5cm; EG=8cm; p<0,01) and had lower labour dystocia rates
than the patients in the CG. Conclusion: The implementation of a
sequential non-pharmacological protocol has the potential in decreased
and delayed use of pharmacological analgesia, duration of the active
phase of labour and dystocia rates. Keywords: length of labour, labour
pain, dystocia, randomized controlled trial, non-pharmacological
resources, pharmacological analgesia. Trial registration: NCT01601860
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01601860
Hirudotherapy for Neonatal Limb Ischemia During ECMO Support: A Word of Caution
Authors: Resch Joseph , Said Sameh , Steiner Marie , Somani Arif
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Disordered coagulation, clot formation and distal limb
ischemia are complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
with significant morbidity and mortality. Medicinal leech therapy
(hirudotherapy) has been attempted in plastic and orthopedic surgeries
to improve venous congestion and salvage ischemic flaps. To our
knowledge this has not been reported in pediatric cardiac surgery or
during ECMO support. We present a complex neonate whose ECMO course was
complicated by distal limb ischemia for whom leech therapy was
attempted. Patient and Intervention: A 2 week-old 2.7 kg infant required
ECMO support secondary to perioperative multiorgan system dysfunction
following repair of critical coarctation and ventricular septal defect.
Despite systemic anticoagulation, his clinical course was complicated by
arterial thrombus, vasopressor-induced vascular spasm and bilateral
distal limb ischemia. Medicinal leech therapy was tried after initially
failing conventional measures. Result: Following the third leech
application, this patient developed significant hemorrhage from the web
space adjacent to the left great toe. An estimated 450 mL of blood loss
occurred and more than 300 mL of blood product transfusions were
required. He ultimately progressed to irreversible systemic end organ
dysfunction and comfort care was provided. Conclusion: The use of
medicinal leech therapy in pediatric cardiac surgery may be considered
to minimize the consequences of advanced limb ischemia and venous
congestion. However, this should be used with caution while patients are
systemically anticoagulated during ECMO support. A directed review is
presented here to assist in determining optimal application and
potential course of therapy.
Saved by anticoagulants: Incidental discovery of a misplaced defibrillator lead 6 years after implantation.
Authors: Osman Abdelrahman , Ahmad Ali
Published: February 2021

Device insertion is a common cardiovascular procedure. Devices are
implanted into the right heart; which is a safeguard against systemic
thromboembolism. Lead insertion into the left ventricle is rare. This is
a case of a defibrillator lead inadvertently inserted into the left
cavity. This was discovered 6 years later.
Scoping review on the epidemiology, diagnostics, and clinical significance of porcine astroviruses
Authors: Rawal Gaurav , Linhares Daniel
Published: February 2021

Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) have been reported globally and are
divided into at least five distinct lineages (PoAstV1-PoAsV5). The
primary objective of this study was to summarize the scientific
literature about the frequency of detection, associated clinical
presentations, and type of samples and diagnostic tools used for the
detection of porcine astroviruses. The secondary objective was to
summarize the body of knowledge about the causal role in disease of
PoAstVs using the Bradford Hill framework. A search was conducted using
Centre for Biosciences and Agriculture International (CABI), MEDLINE,
American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) Swine Information
Library (SIL) abstracts, swine conferences including American College of
Veterinary Pathologists (ACVP), and American Association of Veterinary
Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD). From 168 studies identified by the
search, 29 studies were eligible. Results indicated that 69% (20/29) of
the literature on PoAstVs has been published between 2011 and 2018. Of
29 papers, 52% were detection studies (15 of 29) and 48% (14 of 29)
were case-control studies. Seventy-two percent (21 of 29) reported
differential diagnosis and 10% (3 of 29) reported histologic lesions,
out of which 67% (2 of 3) associated the detection of PoAstV3 with
development of polioencephalomyelitis. PCR-based assays were the most
common diagnostic tools. Keywords: Swine, Astrovirus, Scoping review,
Bradford Hill, PoAstV detection
Identification of eight exonic variants in the SLC4A1, ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 gene that alter RNA splicing by minigene assay
Authors: Zhang Ruixiao , Chen Zeqing , Song Qijing , Wang Sai , Liu Zhiying , Zhao Xiangzhong , Shi Xiaomeng , Guo Wencong , Lang Yanhua , Bottillo Irene , Shao Leping
Published: February 2021

Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare tubular disease
associated with variants in SLC4A1, ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1, FOXⅠ1 or WDR72
genes. Currently, there is growing evidence that all types of exonic
variants can alter splicing regulatory elements, affecting the pre-mRNA
splicing process. This study was to determine the consequences of
variants associated with dRTA on pre-mRNA splicing combined with
predictive bioinformatics tools and minigene assay. As a result, among
the 15 candidate variants, 8 variants distributed in SLC4A1
(c.1765C>T, p.Arg589Cys), ATP6V1B1( c.368G>T,
p.Gly123Val; c.370C>T, p.Arg124Trp; c.484G>T,
p.Glu162* and c.1102G>A, p.Glu368Lys) and ATP6V0A4 genes
(c.322C>T, p.Gln108*; c.1571C>T, p.Pro524Leu
and c.1572G>A, p.Pro524Pro) were identified to result in
whole or part of exon skipping by either disruption of ESEs and
generation of ESSs, or interference with the recognition of the classic
splicing site, or both. To our knowledge, this is the first study on
pre-mRNA splicing of exonic variants in the dRTA-related genes. These
results highlight the importance of assessing the effects of exonic
variants at the mRNA level and suggest that minigene analysis is an
effective tool for evaluating the effects of splicing on variants in
vitro
Climate-driven divergent selection in a foundation tree species: QST-FST evidence from multiple common gardens
Authors: Cooper Hillary , Allan Gerard , Andrews Lela , Best Rebecca , Grady Kevin , Gehring Catherine , Hultine Kevin , Whitham Thomas
Published: February 2021

Widespread tree species span large climatic gradients that often lead to
high levels of local adaptation and phenotypic divergence across their
range. To evaluate the relative roles of selection and drift in driving
divergence in phenotypic traits, we compared molecular and quantitative
genetic variation in Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood), using data
from > 9000 SNPs and genotypes from 16 populations
reciprocally planted in three common gardens that span the species’
climatic range. We present three major findings: 1) There is significant
within- and among-population variation in functional traits expressed in
each of the common gardens. 2) There is evidence from all three gardens
that population divergence in leaf phenology and specific leaf area has
been driven by divergent selection (QST > FST). In
contrast, QST-FST comparisons for performance traits like height and
basal diameter were highly dependent on growing environment, indicating
divergent, stabilizing, or no selection across the three gardens. We
show this is likely due to local adaptation of source populations to
contrasting growing environments. 3) Climate is a primary selective
force driving trait divergence, where the traits showing the strongest
correlations with a genotype’s provenance climate also had the highest
QST values. We conclude that climatic gradients have contributed to
significant phenotypic differences and local adaptation in Fremont
cottonwood. These results are important because as climate is changing
much more rapidly, traits such as phenology that are finely tuned to
local conditions may now be subject to intense selection or quickly
become maladaptive.
De Rivail a Kardec: um resumo de novas descobertas
Authors: Bastos Carlos
Published: February 2021

A vida e obra de Rivail/Kardec foi objeto de estudo de seguidores e historiadores do espiritismo antes mesmo de sua desencarnação. Afinal, a vida do Mestre de Lyon foi um exemplo de muitas virtudes. Porém, com o passar dos anos, as dificuldades de acesso a documentos históricos impediram o aprofundamento nessas pesquisas. Com o avanço dos meios de comunicação e, em particular, da internet, tem se tornado cada vez mais fácil acessar documentos antigos, assim como disponibilizá-los para a Sociedade. Uma versão resumida de um extenso trabalho de pesquisa realizado por nós nos últimos anos sobre as fases da vida de Rivail, totalmente baseada em documentos históricos, é aqui apresentada. Descobertas inéditas sobre a vida de Kardec e correções de alguns equívocos apresentados por alguns de seus biógrafos são apresentadas. O acesso ao trabalho completo onde disponibilizamos gratuitamente todos os resultados dessa pesquisa também é apresentado. De modo geral, a pesquisa aborda os seguintes tópicos: genealogia, juventude em Yverdon, carreira militar, carreira educacional e sociedades das quais fez parte, outras profissões, atividades em teatros e últimas ocupações como Rivail, detalhes em torno da sua desencarnação, informações controversas de alguns biógrafos, e outros dados estão disponibilizados ao movimento espírita.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa
Authors: Ratna Dewi Ayu Komang
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas VIII-I setelah diimplementasikan model pembelajaran Problem Solving. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII-I yang berjumlah 29 orang terdiri dari 19 siswa laki dan 10 siswa perempuan, sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar IPS setelah diimplementasikan model pembelajaran Problem Solving. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar IPS siswa adalah metode tes, sedangkan metode yang digunakan untuk analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis statistic deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa: implementasi model pembelajaran Problem Solving secara efektif dapat meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas VIII-I. Hal ini terbukti dari peningkatan dari rata-rata (76,56) pada siklus 1 menjadi (80,39) pada siklus II, dan prosentae ketuntasan dari (68,97%) pada siklus 1 menjadi (89,66%) pada siklus II.
Perlindungan Hukum Atas Dikeluarkannya Peraturan Kebijakan (Beleidsregel)
Authors: Eric Eric , Anggraita Wening
Published: February 2021

Policy regulations are not a new phenomenon in governance in Indonesia. Policy regulations arise as a result of the growing needs of the community, which requires the government to take quick legal action, even overriding the principle of legality or what is also known as wetmatigheid van bestuur. Because the authorities have extraordinary powers, administrative law functions to provide legal protection for the people against the actions of the authorities by bringing a lawsuit to the court. Legal protection for the people from government legal action is a juridical means in a rule of law to prevent or restore losses suffered by the people as a result of government legal actions that cause losses to the people.
Perancangan Model Pembangkit Listrik Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Pompa Tanpa Motor (Hydraulic Ram Pump)
Authors: Sinaga Jorfri Boike , Azhar Azhar , Tanti Novri , Sugiman Sugiman
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the design of parameters of  hydraulic ram pump and hydraulic turbine to use  the energy of flowing water for water supply to generate electrical power and irrigation. Design of  parameters of hydraulic ram pump with head of water supply of 1,5 m was obtained: 1,25 in. diameter and  8 m length of drive pipe,  200 gr and 4,6 cm of weight  and diameter of impulse valve,  4.200 cm3 of air chamber volume. The testing results of the hydraulic ram pump model shown that water could be pumped as far as the height of 7 m and 8 m, with the volume flow rate of 2,755 lit/men and 1,73 lit/men.  Design of  geometric parameters of cross flow hydraulic turbine with head of water supply of 1,75 m was obtained:  12 cm and 8 cm of external and internal diameter, 25 cm of runner width,  and 18 of runner number.   The testing results of the cross flow hydraulic turbine shown that power could be generated 83,47 W with the volume flow rate of 0,01 lit/s and the efficiency of 71,05 % at 799 rpm. The testing result also shown that with using volume flow rate of 0,003 lit/s, this turbine could be generated 23,39 W with the efficiency of 46,64 %. Technically the technology of hydraulic ram pump can be developped and used to supply of water for irrigation and generating of electrical power.
The Effectiveness of Aloe vera Hydrogel Against Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Susanto Chandra , Girsang Ermi
Published: February 2021

Bacteria can cause infectious diseases on oral health such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Scaling and rootplaning are effective against this disease, nevertheless several types of antimicrobial material can be added to increase the effectiveness of the initial treatment. Aloe vera is one of the natural antimicroba materials that is usually used. Hydrogel is a polymetric material that is stable in wet conditions, especially in the gingival sulcus. Sodium alginate is a natural polymer that is often used to produce hydrogels due to its biocompability. The aim of this study was to know the the effectiveness of Aloe vera hydrogel against Fusobacterium nucleatum by in vitro method. This research is experimental research with a total of 20 samples. The samples used were 5% and 10% sodium alginate based Aloe vera hydrogel which were placed in pure culture of F. nucleatum in MHA media for 24 hours. The inhibition zone diameter were measured using calipers. The results of the study using Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed that the data were not normally distributed. Then Kruskal Wallis test was performed which showed significant differences in each treatment group followed by Post Hoc Mann Whitney test to see a significant difference in the 5% group and 10%. Aloe vera hydrogel showed a significant inhibition against F. nucleatum bacteria at both 5% and 10% concentrations.Keywords: Alginate, Aloe vera, Antimicrobial material, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Hydrogel, Inhibitory zone
Effect of Administration of Combination of Captopril and Celery Extract on Blood Pressure and Electrolyte Levels of Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Siska Siska , Suyatna Franciscus D. , Mun'im Abdul , Bahtiar Anton
Published: February 2021

Based on previous reports, the combination of captopril and celery could reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the changes of blood pressure, urine volume, sodium, and potassium level, due to concomitant administration of captopril with celery extract orally in male rats induced by 4% NaCl. The blood pressure was measured using a non-invasive tail method. The urine and blood were collected, and the sodium, potassium concentration, and cumulative urine volume were measured. The combination of 5 mg/kgBW of captopril and 40 mg/kgBW of celery extract decreased the blood pressure in hypertensive rats better than 5 mg/kgBW of captopril alone. The fell in blood pressure was followed by an increase in urine volume. Urinary and serum sodium, serum potassium levels tended to increase in all treatment groups, but not significantly different from the healthy group. Urinary potassium levels tended to decrease except in the combined 5 mg/kgBW of captopril and 40 mg/kgBW of celery extract. In conclusion, oral administration of a combination of 5 mg/kgBW captopril and 40 mg/kgBW celery extract decreased the blood pressure to the standard value in NaCl-induced hypertension rats.Keywords: Apium graveolens, captopril, celery, hypertension, pharmacodynamic
Activity Screening and Structure Modification of Trigonelline as New Anticancer Drug for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Through In Silico
Authors: F. Pratama Kelvin , Fauzi Muhammad , Hasanah Aliya Nur
Published: February 2021

The biggest case of death in 2018 is caused by lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is most common. One of the cause lung cancer is the over expression of EGFR. Erlotinib is the first line of anticancer for NSCLC with EGFR mutations. However, erlotinib can cause side effects such as liver damage therefore new safe anticancer is needed. Trigonelline is an alkaloid compound from coffee beans that had anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting Nrf2 in vitro and in vivo at concentrations of 0.1-1 µM. Development of cancer cells by Nrf2 is regulated by EGFR. In this study screening and modification of trigonelline structure was carried out to obtain compounds that have anticancer activity on NSCLC against EGFR computationally. The research procedures carried out are modification of ten trigonelline derived structures, the molecular docking and prediction of physicochemical profiles from trigonelline and its modification also their ADMET. Based on results, KF9 has the lowest free energy of binding which was -8,88 kcal/mol and binds to Met769 which has biological activity with receptor. KF9 has good physiochemical profile and absorption, distribution, also toxicity parameters. KF9 has potential to become a new anticancer drug for NSCLC.Keywords: Coffee, Drug discovery and Drug development, Molecular structure modification, Nonsmall cell lung cancer, Trigonelline
Antiproliferation Assay of Essential Oil of Curcuma Rhizoma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Against P388 Leukemia Cell
Authors: Musfiroh Ida , Geganaputra Angga , Diantini Ajeng , Susilawati Yasmiwar , Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Published: February 2021

Leukemia or blood cancer is a disease which marked by abnormal increasing of blood producer`s cells. Chemotherapies which used as anticancer have a many adverse effect and toxicity. The volatile oil of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma xanthorriza) contains sesquiterpene which has an pharmacological activity. The aimed of this research to assay the antiproliferation activity of volatile oil from curcuma rhizome to leukemia P388 cells using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method. The methods were contain of identification of volatile oil (produced from distillation water-steam) using organoleptic test and TLC, and activity test was using seven various concentrations, which were 0.1; 0.3; 1; 3; 10; 30; 100 µg/mL. The result showed that the sample can inhibit leukemia P388 cells with the value of IC50 was 15.5 µg/mL. The volatile oil of Curcuma rhizome has an antiproliferative activity to leukemia P388 cell.Keywords: Curcuma rhizome, MTT assay, leukemia cell P388, volatile oil
Analisis Produk Tabungan Mudhorobah Berjangka Di Bmt Tanjung
Authors: Firdausiah Firdausiah
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang tabungan mudhorobah berjangka di BMT Tanjung. BMT Tanjung merupakan pusat penghimpun dan penyalur dana yang dipercaya oleh masyarakat sekitar, BMT memiliki beragam jenis produk syariah yang dijalakan dalam kegiatan prakteknya  salah satunya adalah produk tabungan berjangka syariah, yang menerapkan akad mudorobah dimana nasabah akan mendapatkan keuntungan yang disepakati diawal. Dalam hal ini BMT menjalankan produk tersebut dirasa menguntungkan kedua belah pihak. Oleh karena itu penulis sangat tertarik mengangkat judul “analisis produk tabungan mudhorobah berjangka di BMT Tanjung.” BMT tanjung menghasilkan produk tabungan mudhorobah berjangka yang diperoleh dari ijtihad baru yang dikonsep dan dikreasikan sedemikian rupa hingga menjadi produk unik yang berbeda produk tabungan pada umumnya. Keunikan produk ini terletak pada pola bagi hasil yang diberlakukan yaitu mengganti bagi hasil dengan cara pemberian hadiah langsung yang dilakukan setiap satu tahun sekali di akhir bulan. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif data yang dibutuhkan digali dengan cara melakukan fiel research kelokasi penenelitian secara langsung. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa jika produk tabungan mudhorobah berjangka BMT Tanjung sudah secara aplikasi sesuai dengan hukum syariah yang ada dan dapat diterima oleh kalangan masyarakat sekitar.
Achieving change in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Vlassi Alessandra , Chamalidis Nikolaos , Palitzikas Dimitrios
Published: February 2021

Individual health is an essential prerequisite for achieving quality of life. Healthcare is a basic function of a well-functioning social system. Contemporary changes at economic, social and demographic level require healthcare to show a high adaptive capacity to adapt to the inevitable change. Healthcare change processes need to involve different professional sectors and create an active commitment while avoiding competition and conflicts between the parties involved. In order to ensure long-term sustainability in change, inertia must be overcome. Integration of services is also an important element of sustainability and integration of functions. A service that can be more easily integrated into wider clinical systems seems to have a higher probability of sustainability, partly due to easier support from the stakeholders. It also makes it more difficult to remove these services without having a significant impact on the rest of the system. One of the dangers is that the change can become a part of the system and it is considered for granted and not as a project that requires constant development. Therefore, sustainability should be considered as a constantly evolving rather than a final steady state. In Greece, the goal today is to have a patient-centered health care system with a shifted balance of power from the healthcare provider to the consumer. In order to achieve this, it is important to improve the coordination throughout the healthcare system. Effective co-operation between providers is essential to transform the healthcare system in Greece.
Advocating for vulnerable groups’ health promotion: development of institutional data
Authors: Bouliari Aikaterini
Published: February 2021

Poor health cannot be attributed only to microbiological and genetical factors. It is a much more complex situation, involving both the conditions in which people live, such as access to health care, schools and education, as well as working conditions, recreation, homes, communities and cities, as well as cultural characteristics such as social status, gender, age, nationality, values and distinctions. All of these factors affect a person’s chances of leading a flourishing and healthy life. Chances of good health are not equally distributed within society causing health inequalities. Thus, organized societies and their institutions are called upon to set health protection frameworks as a social right for vulnerable population groups. The purpose of the article is to make a comprehensive reference to the term vulnerability, as well as the regulatory framework that is formed around it in the modern society. The social challenge is a framework based on inclusive human rights, justice and democracy.