bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Local to Global: A Transfer Learning-Based Approach for Mapping Poplar Plantations at Large Scale
Authors: Hamrouni Yousra , Paillassa Éric , Chéret Véronique , Monteil Claude , Sheeren David
Published: April 2020

Reliable estimates of poplar plantations area are not available at the French national scale due to the unsuitability and low update rate of existing forest databases for this short-rotation species. While supervised classification methods have been shown to be highly accurate in mapping forest cover from remotely sensed images, their performance depends to a great extent on the labelled samples used to build the models. In addition to their high acquisition cost, such samples are often scarce and not fully representative of the variability in class distributions. Consequently, when classification models are applied to large areas with high intra-class variance, they generally yield poor accuracies. In this paper, we propose the use of active learning (AL) to efficiently adapt a classifier trained on a source image to spatially distinct target images with minimal labelling effort and without sacrificing classification performance. The adaptation consists in actively adding to the initial local model, new relevant training samples from other areas, in a cascade that iteratively improves the generalisation capabilities of the classifier, leading to a global model tailored to different areas. This active selection relies on uncertainty sampling to directly focus on the most informative pixels for which the algorithm is the least certain of their class labels. Experiments conducted on Sentinel-2 time series showed that when the same number of training samples was used, active learning outperformed passive learning (random sampling) by up to 5% of overall accuracy and up to 12% of class F-score. In addition, and depending on the class considered, the random sampling required up to 50% more samples to achieve the same performance of an active learning-based model. Moreover, the results demonstrate the suitability of the derived global model to accurately map poplar plantations among other tree species with overall accuracy values up to 14% higher than those obtained with local models. The proposed approach paves the way for national-scale mapping in an operational context.
Determining the Genetic Control of Common Bean Early-Growth Rate using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Parker Travis A. , Palkovic Antonia , Gepts Paul
Published: April 2020

Vigorous early-season growth rate allows crops to compete more effectively against weeds and to conserve soil moisture in arid areas. Many crop species, including common bean, show genetic variation in growth rate between varieties. Despite this, the genetic basis of the early-season growth-related traits has not been well resolved in the species, in part due to historic phenotyping challenges. Using a range of UAV- and ground-based methods, we evaluated early-season growth vigor of two populations. These growth data were then used to find QTLs associated with several growth parameters. Our results suggest that early-season growth rate is the result of complex interactions between several genetic and environmental factors and highlight the need for the high-precision phenotyping provided by UAVs. The QTLs identified in this study are the first in common bean to be identified remotely using UAV technology and will be useful for developing crop varieties that compete with weeds more effectively. Ultimately, this will reduce crop losses and mitigate the need for herbicides and manual labor for weed control.
Estimating the Beginning and End Dates of Covid-19 for Several Countries Using the Logistic Model​
Authors: Xavier Jr Ademir
Published: April 2020

This note applies the Logistic model approximation to determine the suitable start and end dates for the observed epidemic curves in the total number of cases for different countries. The Logistic model is presented and explicit relations for the beginning and end dates are obtained together with the total epidemic duration. Using data from Brazil, Germany, Italy, and South Korea, the extreme dates are calculated. Since the epidemic onset time is found, a fair comparison of the epidemic curve for these countries is obtained. The result does not depend on the poor statistics available in the early phase of the epidemic when the initial number of infectives is unknown. In fact, the total duration depends only on the characteristic time parameter of the LM model.
Minimum Size of Respiratory Droplets Containing SARS-CoV-2 and Aerosol Transmission Possibility
Authors: Lee Byung Uk
Published: April 2020

A short review of several important studies was conducted to evaluate the potential of aerosol transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The minimum droplet size containing the SARS-CoV-2 virus was estimated and analyzed in this review.
Neuroprotective Activity of Mentha Species on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Hanafy Doaa M. , Prenzler Paul D. , Burrows Geoffrey E. , Gurusinghe Saliya , Thejer Bashar , Obied Hassan K. , Hill Rodney A.
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that develops as a consequence of different factors such as oxidative stress and accumulation of the protein amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain, resulting in apoptosis of neuronal cells. The search for a treatment for this disorder is essential as current medications are limited to alleviating symptoms and palliative effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mint extracts on selected mechanisms implicated in the development of AD. To enable a thorough investigation of mechanisms, including effects on -secretase (the enzyme the leads to the formation of A), on Aβ aggregation, and on oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways, a neuronal cell model, SH-SY5Y cells was selected. Six Mentha taxa were investigated for their in vitro β-secretase (BACE) and Aβ-aggregation inhibition activities. Also, their neuroprotective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated through caspase activity. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were carried out for the two most promising extracts to determine their effects on signalling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. All mint extracts had strong BACE inhibition activity. M. requienii extracts showed excellent inhibition of Aβ-aggregation, while other extracts showed moderate inhibition. M. diemenica and M. requienii extracts lowered caspase activity. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to M. diemenica extracts resulted in a decrease in the expression of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, and an elevation in the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, potentially mediated by down-regulation of ASK1-JNK pathway. These results indicate that mint extracts could prevent the formation of Aβ and also could prevent their aggregation if they had already formed. M. diemenica and M. requienii extracts have potential to suppress apoptosis at the cellular level. Hence, mint extracts could provide a source of efficacious compounds for a therapeutic approach for AD.
Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and Their Potential for Therapeutic Passive Immunization
Authors: Klasse P.J. , Moore John P.
Published: April 2020

We review aspects of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID- 19 pandemic. The topics we cover are relevant to immunotherapy with plasma from recovered patients and with monoclonal antibodies against the viral S-protein. The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, an essential public health tool, will also be informed by an understanding of the antibody response in infected patients. Although virus-neutralizing antibodies are likely to protect, antibodies could potentially trigger immunopathogenic events in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients or enhance infection. An awareness of these possibilities may benefit clinicians and the developers of antibody-based therapies and vaccines.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Binding Mechanism with Human ACE2: A Computational Approach
Authors: Lone Megha , Lone Baliram
Published: April 2020

The outbreak across the globe due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread abruptly by infected humans worldwide. The continuous efforts by scientists is on way to understand how pandemic of COVID-19 resembles and differs from serve acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) at transcriptomic and genomic level. The SARS-CoV and COVID-19 exploits the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to gain entry inside the cells.We analyzed the entry COVID-19 into host cell due to receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein. The proposed simulation data shows similar ternary structures from two viruses shares approximately 80 percent identity in amino acid sequences. Our molecular modeling investigation signifies that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has stronger interaction with COVID -19 RBD. The Amino acid phenylaniline F486 LOOP plays vital role due to its penetration into hydrophobic pocket in ACE2.The said investigation of S-Glycoprotein RBD of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 via ACE2 provides post genome analysis of protein-protein interaction for rapid assessing transmission of infected patients by deadly CoVID-19. The scientific data extracted implies early guidance to control and viral prevention of CoVID-19.
Role of Socially-Equitable Economic Development in Creating Resilient and Sustainable Systems: COVID-19-Related Reflections
Authors: Amekudzi-Kennedy Adjo , Labi Samuel , Woodall Brian , Marsden Greg , Grubert Emily
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to provoke fundamental thinking and action around the value and importance of socially-equitable development to the economic advancement, resilience, and prosperity of communities, as we contend with the 21st Century grand challenge of the changing climate and disasters. As local communities and the global community have experienced an increased frequency, intensity and duration of natural and man-made disasters over the past several decades, opportunities have also grown to identify and reap the benefits of socially-equitable economic development. Reflecting on the COVID-19 pandemic, we discuss the critical importance of socially-equitable economic development to the resilience and sustainability of communities and the infrastructure that supports them. To this end, we: (1) examine what constitutes socially-equitable economic development at different spatial scales of community; (2) explore whether socially-equitable development can occur at different scales of community; (3) explicate the importance of formally considering the inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes for socially-equitable development; (4) explain why the pursuit of equal distribution of the benefits and burdens of development is a necessary but not sufficient endeavor for socially-equitable economic development; (5) analyze the relationships between socially-equitable development, and resilient and sustainable infrastructure and communities; (6) explain why socially-equitable development should be a key component of infrastructure and community resilience strategies in the 21st Century; and, (7) explain why socially-equitable development can ultimately be viewed as a long-term strategy for prosperity.
Impact of a Web-Based Review Quiz on the Learning Outcomes of Dental Hygiene Students in Japan
Authors: Maruyama Hugo , Tsukamoto Shikiko , Toujo Hiromi , Nambu Takayuki , Mashimo Chiho , Okinaga Toshinori
Published: April 2020

Active participation of students is paramount not only for their learning experiences but also for their academic performance. Therefore, various methods have been developed and proven to help students achieve active learning. However, several shortcomings in these methods have been indicated as increasing students’ sense of burden and discomfort, eventually preventing them from benefiting sufficiently. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of a low-load web-based review quiz built by the researchers on Google Forms to enhance students’ reviewing habits and active class participation. Participants in this study were 53 first-year dental hygiene students in a 10-class microbiology course. After each class, all students were given the web-based quiz to prepare for a paper-based review test, which assessed the learning of the content covered in the previous classes. We analyzed the correlations between frequency of participation in the web-based quiz and the average scores of the weekly review tests or the final examination scores. Consequently, voluntary participation in the web-based quiz positively correlated with both short-term and long-term students’ learning outcomes. Through this web-based quiz during the first year of the dental hygiene program, students can develop the “self-learning attitude” needed to pass the national examination.
Prediction of the Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen in Running Water by Employing A Random Forest Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Hafez
Published: April 2020

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key indicator in the study of the ecological health of rivers. Modeling DO is a major challenge due to complex interactions among various process components of it. Considering the vital importance of it in water bodies, the accurate prediction of DO is a critical issue in ecosystem management. Given the intricacy of the current process-based water quality models, a data-driven model could be an effective alternative tool. In this study, a random forest machine learning technique is employed to predict the DO level by identifying its major drivers. Time-series of half-hourly water quality data, spanning from 2007 to 2019, for the South Branch Potomac River near Springfield, WV, are obtained from the United States Geological Survey database. Key drivers are identified, and models are formulated for different scenarios of input variables. The model is calibrated for each input scenario using 80% of the data. Water temperature and pH are found to be the most influential predictors of DO. However, satisfactory model performance is achieved by considering water temperature, pH, and specific conductance as input variables. The model validation is made by predicting DO concentrations for the remaining 20% of the data. The comparison with the traditional multiple linear regression method shows that the random forest model performs significantly better. The study insights are, therefore, expected to be useful to estimate stream/river DO levels at various sites with a minimum number of predictors and help build a sturdy framework for ecosystem health management across an environmental gradient.
Cymatics Inspired Self-Cleaning Mechanism for Solar Panels
Authors: Babu Edwin , Yesudasan Sumith , Chacko Sibi
Published: April 2020

The Photovoltaic modules are usually installed on the ground which exposes it to surface deposition of foreign particles. In the Middle East and North Africa region, the primary culprit is dust and sand. They form an insulating and opaque layer on the surface of the glass, which obstructs its heat transfer and optical properties, thereby reducing the overall yield efficiency of the solar panel. Cleaning of this layer is critical to the operation of the solar panel and often requires great effort and energy on a large-scale solar array. In this paper, we propose a novel self-cleaning mechanism for solar panels, with an understanding of the structural integrity of the Photovoltaic laminate and application of external mechanical vibration. By applying an external source of vibration, the solar panels vibrate, excites its fundamental frequencies and cleans by its own. The method is analyzed using finite element analysis method and tested using experiments. Our simulation results based on IEC 61215 show that the maximum principal stress and deformation in the critical layers is within limits. Our experimental results prove the proposed theory is feasible and can be extended to large scale solar arrays. Our proposed method is retrofittable and could save money, energy and effort in cleaning the solar arrays, which can replace current techniques.
Tactile Sensor with High-Density Microcantilever and Multiple PDMS Bumps for Contact Detection
Authors: Fujihashi Tomoya ,   Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Suga Fumitoshi , Araki Ryoma , Kido Jyun , Abe Takashi , Sohgawa Masayuki
Published: April 2020

In the study, we investigated a detection method of partial contact of an object owing to curved or uneven surface of the contact object by a tactile sensor. The sensor is developed using three microcantilevers embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bump. First, three bumps were employed to place a bump for each cantilever. It was possible to detect a contact position because the resistance change in the strain gauge on the cantilever under each bump significantly depended on the contact/non-contact state of each bump. Second, a tactile sensor with high-density arrangement of microcantilevers was used to detect partial or tilted contact situations. The results indicated that the output of a tactile sensor with high-density arrangement of microcantilevers reflected partial or tilted contact. It is suggested that a tactile sensor with multiple bumps and high-density microcantilevers allows for more dexterous gripping control based on the shape of the object and contact angle.
Network Connectivity Control of Mobile Robots by Fast Position Estimations and Laplacian Kernel
Authors: Ikemoto Yusuke , Nishimura Kenichiro , Mizutama Yuichiro , Sasaki Tohru , Jindai Mitsuru ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan,   Department of Mechanical and Intellectual Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan,   Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Published: April 2020

Together with wireless distributed sensor technologies, the connectivity control of mobile robot networks has widely expanded in recent years. Network connectivity has been greatly improved by theoretical frameworks based on graph theory. Most network connectivity studies have focused on algebraic connectivity and the Fiedler vector, which constitutes a network structure matrix eigenpair. Theoretical graph frameworks have popularly been adopted in robot deployment studies; however, the eigenpairs’ computation requires quite a lot of iterative calculations and is extremely time-intensive. In the present study, we propose a robot deployment algorithm that only requires a finite iterative calculation. The proposed algorithm rapidly estimates the robot positions by solving reaction-diffusion equations on the graph, and gradient methods using a Laplacian kernel. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated in computer simulations of mobile robot networks. Furthermore, we implement the algorithm in the actual hardware of a two-wheeled robot.
Teachers Perspectives of ICT Integration in English Language Teaching: A Review of Literature
Authors: Hafifah Gusti Nur
Published: April 2020

This paper reviews some research articles on the teachers perspective of ICT implementation in education, particularly in English language teaching. It explores the research result based on three scopes; Teachers perspective of ICT in education in general, Teachers perspective of ICT specifically in English language Teaching in Global Context, and The teachers perspectives of ICT in ELT in Indonesian settings. The analysis is based on the research methodology; including the design, subject and instrument used in the research, also the findings and suggestions resulted in the research. Finally, this paper proposes further study on the related topic area on teachers’ cognition of ICT in ELT.

HIGHLIGHTS:

Teachers have positive perspectives on the use of ICT for education and ELT.

There are limited studies on teachers perspectives in higher education level.

Teachers perspective on ICT might be contributing factors to teachers professional development.
Projecting the Implementation Feasibility of CLIL Approach for TEYL at Primary Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Setyaningrum Rina Wahyu , Purwati Oikurema
Published: April 2020

2013 curriculum of Indonesia has amended English as an extra-curricular or a local content subject at primary schools. There are no standards to achieve and the teachers have to find the appropriate strategies to its delivery. It triggers the teachers’ lack of confidence in terms of content and methods. On the other hand, cognitive domain with the test as achievement standard regardless providing the experience of using the language for communication has been practiced. Integrating the thematic units of primary schools’ thematic lesson seems possible to carry out because the teacher can use its themes or sub-themes as a topic for Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL). This exploratory case study employs in-depth interviews with three teachers from well-established schools using a semi-structured interview, observations for field notes, and focus group discussion. The findings reveal that all teachers developed the materials for their teaching based on the regular class thematic lessons and a book provided by the local government. As for teaching practice, they have implemented the CLIL principles although they did not realize it. Ultimately, CLIL adaptation is appropriate for TEYL as that representative area in as much as teacher’s English language proficiency and pedagogical competency are upgraded.

Highlights:

Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) should provide the young learners opportunities to use the English language contextually.

Soft CLIL does not require a high level of achievement in language but it provides the students simple language instruction with simplified materials.
Genre-Based Approach: Can It Improve the Informatics Engineering Students’ Writing Skill?
Authors: Sukmawati Nur Najibah , Nasution Sukma Septian
Published: April 2020

Because instructional process in English for Specific Purpose (ESP) context is oriented to students’ academic and professional settings within discourse community, challenges appear. Learning language and learning language are directed to improving students’ language skills to survive the 21st century. On the other hand, score-documentations proved that the students performed low skills; especially writing skill. This study aimed at improving the students’ skill in writing explanation text by using Genre-Based Approach (GBA) to Informatics Engineering students of a private university in South, Indonesia. Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted to the third semester students of the university within two cycles. To validate the findings, writing test, observation and questionnaire were employed. The test result proved implementing GBA improved the classroom’s average score from 54 to 59.95 in cycle 1. This improvement was supported by the students’ engagement and enthusiasm to the instructional process as suggested by questionnaire and observation respectively. Further, the implementation of cycle 2 revealed the average score improved from 59.5 to 70.5. This score improvement is followed by the students’ agility and cooperativeness during the instructional process. This concludes that implementing GBA can improve the students’ skill in writing explanation text. This finding is expected to give insight for teachers to undoubtedly using GBA in English for specific purposes context.

HIGHLIGHTS:

The instructional practice of teaching English for informatics engineering students in the private university still focuses on form-based mastery.

The informatics engineering students are eager and high-determinate to learn language skills especially writing in collaborative framework.
A AGROECOLOGIA COMO MECANISMO DE EFETIVAÇÃO DOS OBJETIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL NO BRASIL
Authors: ROSA Vanessa De Castro , CAMPOS Guilherme De Souza
Published: April 2020

A Agenda 2030, construída a partir dos objetivos do milênio e das decisões tomadas na Rio+20, consiste em 17 objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável associados a 169 metas que buscam auxiliar a comunidade internacional no processo de construção do desenvolvimento sustentável, além de se reforçar paradigma de solidariedade e sustentabilidade para o Direito e para as Relações Internacionais. A Agenda está em vigor desde 2016 e estabelece metas para serem cumpridas até 2030, para observância destas metas e prazo, a Agroecologia mostra-se como um importante instrumento de efetivação dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS), conforme estudo realizado, em 2013, pela Aliança para a Soberania Alimentar na África (AFSA) que analisou 50 casos de uso de agricultura agroecológica em 22 países africanos, constatou-se que a Agroecologia contribuiu para a atingir 10 dos 17 ODS. A partir deste estudo organizado por Michael Farrely e de autores como Enrique Leff e Miguel Altieri, compreende-se a agroecologia, como agricultura socialmente justa, economicamente viável e ecologicamente sustentável, além de campo de saber interdisciplinar, que se afirma na sociedade como teoria crítica, prática agrícola sustentável e movimento social, contribuindo para a implantação de um modelo agrícola e social sustentáveis nos moldes dos ODS. Este artigo estuda como a agroecologia, através das leis que versam sobre o tema, poderá efetivar os ODS no Brasil, por intermédio de pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho exploratório e qualitativo, cuja análise de leis, decretos, tratados e artigos especializados sobre o tema, buscará evidenciar a relação dos dispositivos legais com os ODS. Conclui-se que a agroecologia e o direito são instrumentos promotores dos ODS, porém, a legislação agroecológica brasileira atua de forma tímida, visto que disputa espaço com uma política agrícola direcionada para o agronegócio, de modo que a não implementação dos ODS está no campo da efetividade e não da normatividade.
UMA ESCUTA PSICANALÍTICA NA PRAXE DO PSICÓLOGO E DO MEDIADOR FRENTE A MEDIAÇÃO FAMILIAR INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: BOLZANI Berenice , HERCULINO Bruno Monteiro
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo trata da praxe do(a) psicólogo(a) e do(a) mediador(a) frente a mediação familiar interdisciplinar sob uma escuta psicanalítica. Iniciaremos descrevendo a relação entre Psicologia/Psicanálise e o Direito, caminhando para o conceito de mediação em uma proposta interdisciplinar nos casos que envolvem o trabalho com famílias, analisando a relação conjugal e o processo de divórcio, a instalação da alienação parental e, por fim, a responsabilidade e subjetividade pela escuta da psicanálise. Concluímos que o(a) psicólogo(a) e o(a) mediador(a) que trabalham com uma escuta psicanalítica, isto é, uma escuta questionadora e não obvia, vão além dos ditos e dos sentidos, deparando-se com dizeres que trazem um discurso inconsciente e com sujeitos singulares em suas formas de existirem, de relacionarem, de sofrerem, de serem felizes. Singulares na forma de amar e de odiar. Assim propondo uma prática interdisciplinar na mediação com famílias e desenvolvendo uma nova forma destes sujeitos se responsabilizarem criativamente pelos seus atos, suas escolhas, seus desejos.
O MOVIMENTO IMIGRATÓRIO PARA O BRASIL E AS GARANTIAS FUNDAMENTAIS DOS REFUGIADOS
Authors: GARCIA Andréa Das Graças Souza Camacho Gimenez , FRATTARI Marina Bonissato , REZENDE Otávio
Published: April 2020

Nos últimos anos, a discussão referente aos imigrantes e refugiados vem crescendo dado o aumento da entrada de estrangeiros no Brasil. A lei que conferia a regulamentação do imigrante no Brasil (Lei 6.815/80) era duramente criticada por ser protecionista, visando sempre à segurança nacional, deixando os direitos humanos em segundo plano, o que não era bem recepcionado pela constituição e a tratados internacionais. No ano de 2017 foi aprovada e sancionada a Lei 13.445/2017, que possui um olhar mais humanitário sob o estrangeiro. Posto isto, o trabalho possui como objetivo analisar o movimento migratório para o Brasil, analisando toda a legislação pertinente aos estrangeiros, o acesso a ela, e como são assegurados a esses direitos de ordem fundamental, sejam eles imigrantes ou refugiados. Também, almeja investigar a existência de políticas públicas para inclusão dos refugiados no âmbito da educação, da comunicação e acesso à saúde, constatar se existe discriminação religiosa com os imigrantes muçulmanos e verificar de que maneira acontece o ingresso dos refugiados no mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada no presente trabalho parte da investigação de material doutrinário, artigos científicos e legislações, além de materiais audiovisuais, com o fim de investigar como o fenômeno da imigração é tratado atualmente no Brasil, visando analisar se os direitos humanos de ordem fundamental são assegurados aos estrangeiros e devidamente respeitados pelo nosso Estado, além de buscar identificar o que atraem imigrantes e para o Brasil, sejam os. Sendo assim, concluiu-se esta pesquisa com dados pertinentes sobre o atual movimento imigratório para o Brasil, as consequências sociais e jurídicas do crescente número de refugiados e suas garantias fundamentais no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
ANÁLISE DA RESPONSABILIDADE POLÍTICA NO SISTEMA DE CRIMES DE RESPONSABILIDADE DO DIREITO BRASILEIRO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: HENRIQUE JÚNIOR Moacir , MARTINS Ana Maria Monteiro
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho pretende analisar as formas e o conteúdo da responsabilização política de agentes políticos no sistema constitucional brasileiro. A análise é centrada no sistema brasileiro de crimes de responsabilidade, com fundamentos na constituição federal e leis ordinárias. O objetivo geral é estudar as formas e o conteúdo da responsabilização política de agentes políticos no sistema constitucional brasileiro de crimes de responsabilidade. Já os objetivos específicos são analisar a natureza da responsabilidade política no Estado de Direito, o sistema de responsabilidade política no ordenamento constitucional brasileiro e o sistema de crimes de responsabilidade como forma de responsabilidade política no ordenamento brasileiro. A relevância científica se encontra na difusão do conhecimento sobre o tema, pouco difundido, todavia, tão complexo, utilizando para tanto não só o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, mas também o direito comparado
Trombose venosa em boca: relatos de casos
Authors: Barros Rosana Mara Giordano de , Moraes Antunes Daniella , Gusmão Kimberly Lampa , Carrilho Ângela Hassessian , Sanches Silvia Roberta Cieslak
Published: April 2020

Trombose é o processo patológico caracterizado pela solidificação do sangue dentro de vasos ou artérias e que raramente ocorre em cavidade oral. Geralmente assintomáticos, os trombos podem acometer qualquer local do sistema cardiovascular e sua ocorrência está associada a fatores de risco como a embolização. O presente artigo relata o caso atípico de dois pacientes diagnosticados com trombo venoso em boca, localizados em lábio superior esquerdo e em mucosa jugal inferior esquerda. Em ambos os casos, a conduta realizada foi biópsia excisional e após o resultado histopatológico, os pacientes foram encaminhados ao cardiologista, a fim de verificar a existência de outras lesões não visíveis ao exame físico. Devido ao difícil diagnóstico e baixa incidência em boca, a maioria dos cirurgiões dentistas não levam como principal hipótese diagnóstica o trombo venoso. Para tanto, quanto mais precocemente for realizado o diagnóstico, maior a possibilidade de aplicar medidas primordiais para controles adequados, evitar complicações e possíveis sequelas.Descritores: Trombose; Lesões do Sistema Vascular; Boca.ReferênciasTobouti PL, Pigatti FM, Martins-Mussi MC, Machado de Sousa SCO. Oral Thrombus: Report of 122 cases with clinically descriptive data. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(3):e366-70.Brandão GMS, Sobreira ML, Rollo HA. Recanalização após trombose venosa profunda aguda. J vasc bras. 2013;12(4):296-302,Kumar DR, Hanlin E, Glurich I, Mazza JJ, Yale SH. Virchow’s contribution to the understanding of thrombosis and cellular biology. Clin Med Res. 2010;8(3-4):168-72.Tjioe KC, Oliveira DT, Santos PS. Tongue phlebothrombosis: Pathogenesis and potential risks. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(6):545-48.Maia M, Cruz A, Vidoedo J, Pinto JA. Síndrome pós-trombótica e qualidade de vida em doentes com trombose venosa ilio. Angiol Cir Vasc. 2014;10(4):173-79.Fernandes DT. Análise clínica de lesões vasculares bucais tratadas cirurgicamente [dissertação]. Piracicaba: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP; 2013.Brasileiro Filho GB. Patologia Geral. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2004.p.104-109.Almeida FS, Hossotani MH, Moura JDG. Trombose de artéria carótida interna relacionada a trauma de palato em criança. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2012;30(1):144-47.Corrêa PH, Nunes LC, Johann AC, Aguiar MC, Gomez RS, Mesquita RA. Prevalence of oral hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix in a Brazilian population. Braz Oral Res. 2007;21(1):40-5.Fonseca Junior NL, Cha SB, Cartum J, Rehder JRCL. Eficácia terapêutica do interferon alfa em criança com hemangioma gigante craniofacial: relato de caso. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2008;71(3):423-26.
Pareja y familia. Construcciones en contexto
Authors: Quintana Arias Daniela , Cardona García Laura Mariett , Bolívar Restrepo Mariana , Higuita Moreno Paula Andrea
Published: April 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal identificar cómo los imaginarios sociales, culturales y familiares influyen en la elección de pareja. Para el desarrollo de esta se tuvieron en cuenta tres categorías: patrones comportamentales, dinámicas familiares y elección de pareja. La metodología que se utilizó fue la investigación cualitativa, desde un enfoque metodológico hermenéutico, con la modalidad del estado del arte, lo que permitió hacer un rastreo principal de bibliografía relacionada con el tema a tratar. Se obtienen importantes resultados sobre cómo los individuos eligen su pareja sentimental, con influencias de diversos factores. Asimismo, se encuentra que la familia es el primer agente socializador y potencializador del desarrollo de la personalidad del individuo, además de ser la base del aprendizaje y repetición de patrones comportamentales que se den dentro de las dinámicas familiares. Igualmente, se observa que la cultura y la sociedad determinan imaginarios sociales a la hora de elegir pareja y de relacionarse con el otro, que se espera sean cumplidos por el individuo, como la conformación de una familia, estabilidad económica y sentimental y el matrimonio, además de establecer las creencias, normas y reglas. Por otra parte, se hallan influencias biológicas y de personalidad que establecen una preferencia, tanto física como de compatibilidad emocional, en el momento en el que el individuo elige pareja. De esta manera, se concluye el artículo con una mirada integral de los factores que intervienen en la elección de pareja, resaltando que dichos factores no actúan por separado, pues todos influyen al mismo tiempo en el individuo.
Mast cell stabilizers as a supportive therapy can contribute to alleviate fatal inflammatory responses and severity of pulmonary complications in COVID-19 infection
Authors: KILINÇ Erkan , BARANOĞLU Yasemin
Published: April 2020

SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) leads to severe acute
respiratory syndrome by settling the pulmonary system. Mast cells (MCs) are
multifunctional immune cells that are extensively distributed throughout the
body and mostly present in pulmonary system. MCs play a vital role in acquired and innate
immunity,  and to maintain immune
homeostasis of the body through a wide range of mediators in their cytoplasmic
granules. Severe acute respiratory syndrome with proinflammatory cytokine
release and pneumonia during COVID-19 infection can result in the death, in
particular in debilitated individuals or those suffering from related chronic
disorders. In this review, we attempt to discuss potential relationship between
COVID-19 symptoms and mast cells as well as potential use of mast cell
stabilizers as a supportive therapeutic option in COVID-19 infection. MCs are main source of pro-inflammatory
cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as bronchoconstrictor mediators
such as histamine, prostaglandin-D2 and leukotriene-C4 that can lead to fatal
inflammatory responses and pulmonary complications during COVID-19 infection.
SARS-CoV-2 may activate MCs through toll-like receptors or by inducing the
cross-linking of the IgE-FcεRI, thus leading to release of those mediators.
SARS-CoV-2-induced abnormal production and release of these mediators from MCs
can further exacerbate inflammation in respiratory system, consequently
pulmonary complications.Therefore administration of MC stabilizers as a
supportive therapy may be useful to alleviate inflammatory responses and
pulmonary complications in order to reduce deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Diversifying Polyhydroxyalkanoates – End-Group and Side-Chain Functionality
Authors: Michalak Michal , Kwiecien Iwona , Kwiecien Michal , Adamus Grazyna , Odelius Karin , Hakkarainen Minna , Kurcok Piotr
Published: April 2020

Background: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a natural origin biodegradable polyesters consisted
of various 3- and 4-hydroxyacid derived repeating units produced by microorganisms as energy storage.
PHAs have been intensively studied due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility enabling their use both
in packaging and agriculture as well as in medicine and pharmacy. PHAs obtained via biotechnological routes
can possess various functional groups in their side chains. However, the diversity in their functionality is limited
due to issues of conservation of functional groups during the polymer formation.

Objective: The review focuses on recent progress in the area of synthesis of PHAs functionalized with various
reactive as well as bioactive end and side groups.

Conclusion: A potent route to resolve the problem of functional group diversity in natural origin PHAs involves
post-polymerization modification, where the desired side groups can be created. On the contrary, synthetically
produced PHA analogs obtained directly via ring-opening polymerization of β-lactones offer various
functionalities at different position throughout the polymer chain. The desired α- and ω-end groups can be introduced
into the polymer chain using specific polymerization, initiation or termination strategies, respectively.
The preferred side chain functionality is obtained by choosing the appropriate β-lactone monomers bearing respective
functional groups. All functional groups may also be subjected to additional chemical modification.
The degradation of PHA as a method for producing functional polymers as well as their possible further applications
are also discussed.
Early Expression of Neuronal Dopaminergic Markers in a Parkinson’s Disease Model in Rats Implanted with Enteric Stem Cells (ENSCs)
Authors: Parra-Cid Carmen , Orozco-Castillo Eduardo , García-López Julieta , Contreras-Figueroa Elena , Ramos-Languren Laura E. , Ibarra Clemente , Carreón-Rodríguez Alfonso , Aschner Michael , Königsberg Mina , Santamaría Abel
Published: April 2020

Background:

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting
the dopaminergic (DAergic) system. Replacement therapy is a promising alternative aimed at reconstructing
the cytoarchitecture of affected brain regions in PD. Experimental approaches, such as the
replacement of DAergic neurons with cells obtained from the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) has yet
to be explored.

Objective:

To establish and characterize a cell replacement strategy with ENS Cells (ENSCs) in a PD
model in rats.

Methods:

Since ENSCs can develop mature DAergic phenotypes, here we cultured undifferentiated
cells from the myenteric plexus of newborn rats, establishing that they exhibit multipotential characteristics.
These cells were characterized and further implanted in the Substantia nigra pars compacta
(SNpc) of adult rats previously lesioned by a retrograde degenerative model produced by intrastriatal
injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). DAergic markers were assessed in implants to validate
their viability and possible differentiation once implanted.

Results:

Cell cultures were viable, exhibited stem cell features and remained partially undifferentiated
until the time of implant. The retrograde lesion induced by 6-OHDA produced DAergic denervation,
reducing the number of fibers and cells in the SNpc. Implantation of ENSCs in the SNpc of 6-OHDAlesioned
rats was tracked after 5 and 10 days post-implant. During that time, the implant increased selective
neuronal and DAergic markers, Including Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP-2), Dopamine
Transporter (DAT), and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH).

Conclusion:

Our novel results suggest that ENSCs possess a differentiating, proliferative and restorative
potential that may offer therapeutic modalities to attenuate neurodegenerative events with the inherent
demise of DAergic neurons.
Diagnosing Parkinson Disease Through Facial Expression Recognition: Video Analysis
Authors: Jin Bo , Qu Yue , Zhang Liang , Gao Zhan
Published: April 2020

Background

The number of patients with neurological diseases is currently increasing annually, which presents tremendous challenges for both patients and doctors. With the advent of advanced information technology, digital medical care is gradually changing the medical ecology. Numerous people are exploring new ways to receive a consultation, track their diseases, and receive rehabilitation training in more convenient and efficient ways. In this paper, we explore the use of facial expression recognition via artificial intelligence to diagnose a typical neurological system disease, Parkinson disease (PD).

Objective

This study proposes methods to diagnose PD through facial expression recognition.

Methods

We collected videos of facial expressions of people with PD and matched controls. We used relative coordinates and positional jitter to extract facial expression features (facial expression amplitude and shaking of small facial muscle groups) from the key points returned by Face++. Algorithms from traditional machine learning and advanced deep learning were utilized to diagnose PD.

Results

The experimental results showed our models can achieve outstanding facial expression recognition ability for PD diagnosis. Applying a long short-term model neural network to the positions of the key features, precision and F1 values of 86% and 75%, respectively, can be reached. Further, utilizing a support vector machine algorithm for the facial expression amplitude features and shaking of the small facial muscle groups, an F1 value of 99% can be achieved.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the digital diagnosis of PD based on facial expression recognition. The disease diagnosis model was validated through our experiment. The results can help doctors understand the real-time dynamics of the disease and even conduct remote diagnosis.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Antibodies in Diverse Samples: Protocol to Validate the Sufficiency of Provider-Observed, Home-Collected Blood, Saliva, and Oropharyngeal Samples
Authors: Sullivan Patrick Sean , Sailey Charles , Guest Jodie Lynn , Guarner Jeannette , Kelley Colleen , Siegler Aaron Julius , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Gravens Laura , del Rio Carlos , Sanchez Travis Howard
Published: April 2020

Background

The response in the United States to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by a lack of aggressive testing for the infection. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cornerstone of an effective public health response. However, efforts to test have been hampered by limited reagents, limitations in the availability of swabs used for the collection of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens, limitations in personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care providers collecting the NPS specimens, and limitations in viral transport media for transporting the specimens. Therefore, more flexible options for screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses are critical to inform clinical and public health responses.

Objective

We aim to document the ability of patients to self-collect sufficient specimens for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection and serology.

Methods

Patient self-collection of samples will be done with observation by a health care provider during a telemedicine session. Participants will be mailed a specimen collection kit, engage in a telehealth session with a provider through a HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)-compliant video meeting, and collect specimens while being observed by the provider. Providers will record whether they are confident in the suitability of the specimen for laboratory testing that would inform clinical decision making. We will objectively assess the sufficiency of biological material in the mailed-in specimens.

Results

The protocol was approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB) on March 30, 2020 (Protocol number 371). To date, we have enrolled 159 participants.

Conclusions

Defining a conceptual framework for assessing the sufficiency of patient-collected samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses to infection is critical for facilitating public health responses and providing PPE-sparing options to increase testing. Validation of alternative methods of specimen collection should include objective measures of the sufficiency of specimens for testing. A strong evidence base for diversifying testing modalities will improve tools to guide public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 Mobile Positioning Data Contact Tracing and Patient Privacy Regulations: Exploratory Search of Global Response Strategies and the Use of Digital Tools in Nigeria
Authors: Ekong Iniobong , Chukwu Emeka , Chukwu Martha
Published: April 2020

Background

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global economic and health challenge of the century. Its effect and impact are still evolving, with deaths estimated to reach 40 million if unchecked. One effective and complementary strategy to slow the spread and reduce the impact is to trace the primary and secondary contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases using contact tracing technology.

Objective

The objective of this paper is to survey strategies for digital contact tracing for the COVID-19 pandemic and to present how using mobile positioning data conforms with Nigeria’s data privacy regulations.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory review of current measures for COVID-19 contact tracing implemented around the world. We then analyzed how countries are using mobile positioning data technology to reduce the spread of COVID-19. We made recommendations on how Nigeria can adopt this approach while adhering to the guidelines provided by the National Data Protection Regulation (NDPR).

Results

Despite the potential of digital contact tracing, it always conflicts with patient data privacy regulations. We found that Nigeria’s response complies with the NDPR, and that it is possible to leverage call detail records to complement current strategies within the NDPR.

Conclusions

Our study shows that mobile position data contact tracing is important for epidemic control as long as it conforms to relevant data privacy regulations. Implementation guidelines will limit data misuse.