bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental or Trio Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Improve Prenatal Counseling in Brain Anomalies
Authors: Rodó Carlota , Maiz Nerea , Vázquez Élida , Gómez‐Andrés David , Valenzuela Irene , Abulí Anna , Carreras Elena
Published: September 2024

Objective

To assess whether targeted magnetic resonance of one or both of the progenitors could refine the diagnosis in cases of fetal brain anomalies with uncertain prognosis.

Methods

Single‐center retrospective case series, where targeted magnetic resonance was performed on one or both of progenitors after a suspicion of fetal complex brain anomalies, and prognosis was unclear based solely on fetal tests (neurosonogram, fetal magnetic resonance, and genetic testing).

Results

Seven women were included. Results were relevant for prenatal counseling in five cases, with a definitive diagnosis in three: one periventricular nodular heterotopia, one mild tubulinopathy, and one dynein‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Median gestational age at referral was 28.3 weeks (range, 20.7–34.9). Neurosonogram findings were inconclusive in all cases. Exome sequencing in amniotic fluid was conducted for all cases. Fetal magnetic resonance was performed at a median gestational age of 34.4 weeks (range, 29.3–35.7), confirming ultrasound diagnosis in all cases, and providing substantial additional information in two (2/7, 28.6%). Parental magnetic resonance findings aligned with fetal findings in 5/7 cases (71.4%).

Conclusion

DUO or TRIO magnetic resonance, involving both progenitors and the fetus, could play a significant role in prenatal diagnosis of selected brain anomalies with uncertain prognosis.
Methods for atmospheric pressure plasma modification of chitosan surface to improve biocompatibility
Authors: Kamalov Almaz , Endiiarova Ekaterina , Osipov Artem , Kolbe Konstantin , Nashchekina Yuliya , Smirnova Natalia
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the optimal mode of plasma treatment of chitosan films to increase the proliferative activity of dermal fibroblasts and osteoblasts. For plasma modification of films, a dielectric barrier discharge in a flat electrode system and a plasma jet configuration at atmospheric pressure were used. The structural and chemical changes of chitosan were investigated using atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The optimal time for plasma treatment was determined using an in vitro test, which was found to be 1 min. The data of the MTT test performed on the 4th day of osteoblast cultivation show that when a chitosan sample was treated in plasma jet for 1 min, the proliferative activity of grown osteoblasts increases by 25%. However, the level of proliferative activity of human dermal fibroblasts was 5% higher on the film treated with the plasma jet. Modification by the plasma jet provided a more uniform microrelief, created an optimal contact angle of the polar liquid of 52° and led to an increase in the number of oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing groups on the surface.

Highlights

Modification of chitosan with DBD and PJ increases cell proliferation.

The optimal contact angle of chitosan is 52° for proliferations of cells.

Treatment of chitosan films with plasma jet is softer than in DBD.
“We felt so alone, but at least we felt it together”: Self‐compassion among teachers
Authors: Awwad‐Tabry Sawsan , Levkovich Inbar
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the topic of self‐compassion has attracted increasing attention in the literature, yet little is known about teachers' perceptions of self‐compassion in their daily practice. This qualitative study adopted a phenomenological approach to deepen the understanding of self‐compassion among this population. Thirty‐four teachers in Israel aged 25–63 were interviewed face‐to‐face in 2023, using a semistructured interview guide. Thematic content analysis revealed three main themes: (1) an approach to life and professional practice—fostering connection and collaboration; (2) an evolving process—accepting and forgiving oneself; and (3) training—strengthening the self‐compassion muscle. The findings suggest that fostering self‐compassion among teachers can help alleviate occupational stress and burnout. Schools should provide resources and promote a collaborative culture, implement mentorship programs, and incorporate self‐compassion tools into teacher training programs. Additionally, policy‐makers should promote practices that focus on enhancing teacher self‐compassion. By implementing these recommendations, schools can create a supportive environment that promotes teachers' overall health and well‐being. This study offers practical implications for teachers, administrators, and teacher education programs, and highlights relevant areas for future research.
Validation of the Spanish form of a multidimensional assessment of family engagement for early childhood programs
Authors: Bouza Johayra , Bulotsky‐Shearer Rebecca J. , Bichay‐Awadala Krystal M. , Bailey Jhonelle , Gaona Patricia , White Lisa , Fernandez Veronica A.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Family Involvement Questionnaire‐Short Form (FIQ‐SF) for use with Spanish‐speaking families of children enrolled in early childhood education programs. This study examined the factor structure of the FIQ‐SF and established criterion validity for the resulting FIQ‐SF dimension scores. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses replicated the three dimensions of the English FIQ: Home Engagement, School Engagement, and home–school Conferencing. Mean differences across family demographics were examined. Criterion‐related validity for the three FIQ‐SF dimensions was established by examining correlations with scores on measures of parent‐reported satisfaction with educational experiences, program records of family engagement, direct assessments of child language skills and teacher‐reported approaches to learning. Future directions and practice implications for the use of the Spanish FIQ‐SF to inform program policy and interventions are discussed.
On the Energy Cost for Nitrogen Fixation in DC Glow Discharges in Atmospheric‐Pressure Air
Authors: Naidis George V. , Babaeva Natalia Yu
Published: September 2024

Modeling of the production of nitrogen oxide molecules in DC discharges in laminar longitudinal flows of atmospheric‐pressure air is performed. Two‐dimensional nonequilibrium discharge model includes the system of gas dynamic equations and balance equations for various plasma components. Simulations are performed for the discharge currents 50–600 mA and gas flow velocities 1–10 m/s. In considered conditions, the gas temperature in the discharge core varies in the range of 3000–6000 K. Spatial profiles of the densities and fluxes of produced species are obtained, both inside the discharge and in the afterglow region. The energy cost for the production of nitrogen oxides is calculated, depending on the discharge current, gap length, and gas flow velocity. The results of the simulation are compared with available experimental data.
Biological characteristics of Leersia japonica (Makino) Honda and its implications for weed management
Authors: Fang Jiapeng , Yuan Guohui , Gao Yuan , Shen Guohui , Tian Zhihui
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Leersia japonica (Makino) Honda is a perennial weed and currently identified as a new dominant weed species in rice fields in many countries, including China. Here, we studied the biological characteristics combined with nonchemical management of L. japonica to develop a proper control strategy of this weed.

RESULTS

The results showed that 33/28 °C in a 12 h:12 h, light:dark photoperiod were the most suitable growth conditions for seedling regeneration. Salt (NaCl) inhibits the regeneration of seedlings totally at a concentration of 51.3 mm. Seedlings of L. japonica could regenerate in a wide range of pH environments (from 3.50 to 9.50), endowing L. japonica with strong pH adaptability. Osmotic stress also inhibits the regeneration of seedlings totally at −0.13 MPa. A long dehydration time inhibits the regeneration of seedlings; no seedlings could be regenerated for 15 h. With low soil moisture content (33.3% and 50%), the regeneration rate and aboveground fresh weight (FW) were significantly lower than these with high soil moisture content (66.7% and 100%). Stem segments buried in the surface (0 cm) of soil could produce seedlings with the highest regeneration rate (37.5%) and seedling aboveground FW (0.64 g). As the soil depth increased, the regeneration rate and aboveground FW decreased significantly and no seedlings could be regenerated beyond 6.9 cm.

CONCLUSION

Based on these biological characteristics of L. japonica, creating an environment that is not conducive to regeneration combined with an appropriated tillage system could effectively reduce its occurrence. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reconfiguring the Sanctions of Schooled Literacy Through Living Literacies
Authors: Johnston Kelly C.
Published: September 2024

In this article, the author argues that living literacies—relational, embodied forms of literacy engagement—are an integral component of literacy engagement and hold the potential to disrupt and reconfigure the power structures embedded within schooled literacy. Drawing on affect theory and rhizomatic theory, the author analyzes youths’ literacy engagement in a seventh‐grade English Language Arts and Reading classroom in a New York City public school. This research addresses how schooled literacy, constructed through a sanctioned educational system, potentially dehumanizes students who diverge from the idealized curricular norm, while a focus on living literacies challenges these limitations. Central to this study is the rhizomatic approach of tracing and mapping to analyze the complexities between imposed schooled literacy engagement and living literacies engagement. The author presents findings through two sections: (1) an analysis of the sanctioning power of schooled literacy and (2) an analysis of living literacies through youths’ in‐class literate engagement. Findings demonstrate how schooled literacy practices become normalized and sanction what types of literacy engagement are valued in the classroom—and, therefore, transfer value to students themselves. However, by mapping assemblaging moments of living literacies, including socially charged interactions and spontaneous peer assistance, findings provide insight into how embodied, interrelational forms of literacy engagement offer opportunities for reconfiguring the sanctions of schooled literacy. The author concludes by discussing implications for policy, practice, and research, advocating for a shift toward more humanizing, interrelational, and embodied forms of literacy engagement in school spaces.
“It all depends on the market”: Taste as an economic fact
Authors: Tsigkas Alexios
Published: September 2024

How are taste judgments made and shared? Drawing on fieldwork among Ceylon tea brokers and buyers, the industry's de facto tea tasters, this article offers an ethnographic account of aesthetic judgment in practice. I ask, what makes a tea good? Tea tasters' unanimous response amounted to a market relativism of sorts that shifted attention away from the tasted object: “It all depends on the market.” Following my informants' contention, I show how industry actors are able to enact a tentative resolution to the fundamental paradox inherent in the judgment of taste, namely, its ostensibly subjective nature and simultaneous claim to objectivity. “The market,” invoked time and again by tea tasters, and imagined as inherently objective, affords the seamless translation of taste judgments into prices, intelligible and shareable quantities, prompting a reimagining of taste as an economic fact.
High Impact AMPAkines Induce a Gq‐Protein Coupled Endoplasmic Calcium Release in Cortical Neurons: A Possible Mechanism for Explaining the Toxicity of High Impact AMPAkines
Authors: Radin Daniel P. , Zhong Sheng , Cerne Rok , Witkin Jeffrey M. , Lippa Arnold
Published: September 2024

α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) positive allosteric modulators (AMPAkines) have a multitude of promising therapeutic properties. The pharmaceutical development of high impact AMPAkines has, however, been limited by the appearance of calcium‐dependent neuronal toxicity and convulsions in vivo. Such toxicity is not observed at exceptionally high concentrations of low impact AMPAkines. Because most AMPAR are somewhat impermeable to calcium, the current study sought to examine the extent to which different mechanisms contribute to the rise in intracellular calcium in the presence of high impact ampakines. In the presence of AMPA alone, cytosolic calcium elevation is shown to be sodium‐dependent. In the presence of high impact AMPAkines such as cyclothiazide (CTZ) or CX614, however, AMPAR potentiation also activates an additional mechanism that induces calcium release from endoplasmic reticular (ER) stores. The pathway that connects AMPAR to the ER system involves a Gq‐protein, phospholipase Cβ‐mediated inositol triphosphate (InsP3) formation, and ultimately stimulation of InsP3‐receptors located on the ER. The same linkage was not observed using high concentrations of the low impact AMPAkines, CX516 (Ampalex), and CX717. We also demonstrate that CX614 produces neuronal hyper‐excitability at therapeutic doses, whereas the newer generation low impact AMPAkine CX1739 is safe at exceedingly high doses. Although earlier studies have demonstrated a functional linkage between AMPAR and G‐proteins, this report demonstrates that in the presence of high impact AMPAkines, AMPAR also couple to a Gq‐protein, which triggers a secondary calcium release from the ER and provides insight into the disparate actions of high and low impact AMPAkines.
Preservice teachers' framing and noticing of elementary students' ways of communicating scientific ideas
Authors: Mercier Alison K. , Hinman Tierney B.
Published: September 2024

Children draw on diverse sensemaking repertoires that are inclusive of their cultural and community knowledge to make sense of science in the world around them. However, preservice teachers often do not notice the science embedded in children's explanations of phenomena. Discourses that frame children, particularly those from minoritized communities, through deficit‐based lenses contribute to this deficit‐based noticing, perpetuating inequitable science teaching practices. This exploratory case study draws on a noticing framework that uses framing, attending, interpreting, and responding to examine how preservice teachers' anti‐deficit noticing can be supported. Specifically, the study focuses on what 44 preservice teachers, enrolled in teacher preparation classes taught by the authors, notice in children's scientific explanations and how they interpret that noticing in relation to their own framing. Noticing profiles were constructed for preservice teachers using (a) data collected from written explanations of what constitutes a “good” scientific explanation and (b) written reflections of five noticing sessions during which preservice teachers viewed videos featuring elementary students providing explanations of a scientific phenomenon. Findings discuss three key patterns reflected across preservice teacher's noticing profiles: responses that reflected conventional noticing with more anti‐deficit noticing in later sessions, responses that reflected potential for anti‐deficit attending but were interpreted in deficit‐based ways, and responses that shifted across noticing sessions in a non‐linear trajectory toward more anti‐deficit noticing. Implications for science teacher education explore practices that facilitate shifts toward more anti‐deficit, equitable noticing with considerations for the dialogic nature between framing and noticing.
Risk prediction models for autogenous arteriovenous fistula failure in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Minghua , Zhao Qian , Zhao Jian , Xue Xiaoxiao , Wu Hongxia
Published: September 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to systematically retrieve and evaluate published risk prediction models for autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure post‐formation in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, with the goal of assisting healthcare providers in selecting or developing appropriate risk assessment tools and providing a reference for future research.

Methods

A systematic search of relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and CBM Database up to February 1, 2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment using the Prediction Model Risk of bias (ROB) Assessment Tool.

Results

A total of 4869 studies were identified, from which 25 studies with 28 prediction models were ultimately included. The incidence of autogenous AVF failure in MHD patients ranged from 3.9% to 39%. The most commonly used predictors were age, vein diameter, history of diabetes, AVF blood flow, and sex. The reported area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.61 to 0.911. All studies were found to have a high ROB, primarily due to inappropriate data sources and a lack of rigorous reporting in the analysis domain. The pooled AUC of five validation models was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.79–0.81), indicating good predictive accuracy.

Conclusion

The included studies indicated that the predictive models for AVF failure post‐formation in MHD patients are biased to some extent. Future research should focus on developing new models with larger sample sizes, strict adherence to reporting procedures, and external validation across multiple centers.
Sweetpotato: An Orphan Crop No More?
Authors: Yencho G. Craig
Published: September 2024

Sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., a globally important crop that has been recognized as an important source of nutrition and sustenance for many years, has been characterized as an orphan crop due to limited attention from global agricultural development agendas for many years. Prior to the 2000’s, investments in research, development, and promotion of sweetpotato were limited, despite its fundamental role in food security in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. However, sweetpotato has recently ascended in the ranks of global agricultural priorities, driven by its versatility, superior nutritional value, and adaptability to diverse climatic conditions. In this chapter, the global importance of sweetpotato is reviewed with an emphasis on how breeders, geneticists, molecular biologists, and phenomics and data management experts have worked together to advance our basic understanding of the genetics sweetpotato. This research has enabled the creation of robust molecular marker systems and fostered the development of improved quantitative genetic theory for complex polyploids like sweetpotato that have facilitated linkage mapping and reference genome developments, which are being utilized by geneticists and breeders alike for crop improvement. These advances, and others yet to come, demonstrate that this extremely versatile crop is emerging from its status of an orphan crop.
Sweetpotato Breeding in the Genomic Age: Harnessing Databases, Bioinformatics, Digital Tools, and Genomic Insights
Authors: Ellerbrock Bryan J. , Simoes Christiano C. , Karaikal Srikanth Kumar , Nyaga Christine M. , Mueller Lukas A.
Published: September 2024

Various large breeding projects have been developed to modernize sweetpotato breeding with new ambitious targets and new genomic methods. As the data sources that these methodologies rely on grow in volume, so grows the importance of an efficient data management system. In this chapter, we introduce a digital breeding ecosystem centered around Sweetpotatobase, a database platform tailored for sweetpotato breeders across the globe to manage their breeding data effectively. We highlight a handful of complementary Android applications designed for data collection: Field Book, for phenotypic data, Coordinate, for genotypic data, and Intercross, for crossing data. We discuss the importance of roundtripping, and how BrAPI, a standard for breeding data transfer, can facilitate this via automated transfers. We present some of the many features of Sweetpotatobase that can be leveraged once the ecosystem is up and running—the Search Wizard, which explores and retrieves data intuitively and efficiently, the Pedigree Viewer, which can visualize allele inheritance patterns through pedigrees, the sweetpotato ontology, which defines standardized and measurable traits. Lastly, we discuss how Sweetpotatobase is empowered with analysis features, from a mixed model tool to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), principal component analysis (PCA), and stability analysis.
US Efforts in Sweetpotato Genome Sequencing: Advances in the Development of Reference Genomes to Facilitate Research and Breeding of a Key Food Security Crop
Authors: Wu Shan , Kitavi Mercy , Hamilton John P. , Buell C. Robin , Fei Zhangjun
Published: September 2024

Genomic information provides a fundamental tool for modern crop breeding. Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a globally important crop. However, the genome of sweetpotato is understudied due to its highly heterozygous hexaploid nature, preventing straightforward access to its genomic landscape. Here, we summarize the previous and on-going efforts in the US in the development of reference genomes for sweetpotato. Genomeassemblies of diploid wild relatives, I. trifida and I. triloba, were first generated to serve as robust references for the hexaploid cultivated sweetpotato. Taking advantage of recently improved sequencing technologies and assembly algorithms, we have been generating phased genomeassemblies of hexaploidy sweetpotato. Chromosome-scale haplotype-resolved genomeassemblies, along with high-quality genome annotations of hexaploid sweetpotato, have been made available to the scientific and breeding communities. Multiple reference-grade phased hexaploid sweetpotato genomes set the foundation for construction of a pan-genome comprising intra- and inter-genome variations that will facilitate biological discovery and breeding of sweetpotato.
Evolution of Molecular Marker Use in Cultivated Sweetpotato
Authors: Olukolu Bode A. , Craig Yencho G.
Published: September 2024

The use of molecular markers in sweetpotato spans first, second, and the more recent NGS-based (next-generation sequencing) third-generation platforms. This attests to the long-term interest in sweetpotato as an economically important crop. The six homoeologous chromosomes of sweetpotato lead to complex inheritance patterns that require accurate estimation of allele dosage. The use of NGS for dosage-based genotyping marked a significant advancement in sweetpotato research. Analytical pipelines have emerged to handle dosage-based genotype datasets that account for complex patterns of inheritance polyploid models. Recent approaches for dosage-based variant calling leverage reference genomes of putative ancestral progenitors or haplotype-resolved reference genome. Although pseudo-diploidized genotypes from second-generation platforms remain valuable for certain applications, especially when coarse genetic differentiation suffices, NGS-based genotyping offers a cost-effective, high-throughput, and cutting-edge alternative. Studies indicate that accurate dosage-based genotype datasets significantly enhance applications in linkage analysis, genome-wide association analysis, and genomic prediction. The affordability of NGS has spurred the adoption of high-density and dosage-sensitive molecular markers. Notably, in the three decades of molecular marker utilization in sweetpotato, about half of the peer-reviewed publications have emerged within the last four years, predominantly based on third-generation marker platforms.
Genetic Maps in Sweetpotato
Authors: de Siqueira Gesteira Gabriel , da Silva Pereira Guilherme , Zeng Zhao-Bang , Mollinari Marcelo
Published: September 2024

This chapter highlights the research and efforts that have been done to understand the composition of the genome and the mechanisms underlying the genetic inheritance in sweetpotato, with focus on the cultivated hexaploid sweetpotato. The first part of the chapter focuses on dissecting strategies and methods that have been used to study and understand key factors that affect the genetic behavior in polyploid species, with emphasis on linkage analysis, highlighting the most common types of experimental populations used for genetic mapping, the obtention of genotype information, and the choice of analytical methods to study such populations. The second part of the chapter dives deeper into the knowledge accumulated through the application of traditional methods and the more recent adoption of cutting-edge technologies, combined with state-of-the-art algorithms that were developed specifically for polyploid species, to study and shed a light on the genetic architecture and the mechanisms that drive the genetic transmission in the cultivated hexaploid sweetpotato.
Molecular Breeding of Carotenoids in Sweetpotato
Authors: Kitavi Mercy , Buell C. Robin
Published: September 2024

This chapter overviews molecular breeding efforts focused on enhancing carotenoid content in sweetpotato. Sweetpotato is a widely cultivated crop known for its adaptability to diverse climates and soil conditions, making it a staple food in many regions worldwide. Sweetpotato also offers notable nutritional and health benefits, owing to its rich content of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Of particular interest is β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, abundant in orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties. A vital nutrient for human health, β-carotene serves as a key focus in efforts to enhance the nutritional quality of sweetpotato. Identification and expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation and starch metabolism in sweetpotato storage roots. Through breeding, researchers can develop sweetpotato varieties with elevated β-carotene content, improving their nutritional value and health-promoting properties. Future directions in molecular breeding of carotenoids in sweetpotato will involve the integration of advanced genetic tools and technologies to accelerate trait improvement and meet the evolving nutritional needs of diverse populations. This, in combination with other tools such as gene editing, holds promise for enhancing β-carotene content in sweetpotato to address malnutrition and promote public health initiatives globally.
Advances in Our Understanding of the Genetic Regulation of Storage Root Formation and Growth
Authors: Villordon Arthur , LaBonte Don
Published: September 2024

Storage root formation is the most economically important developmental process in sweetpotato. Despite recent progress in the physiological and molecular understanding of how storage roots form, significant knowledge gaps exist in terms of explaining the variable number of storage roots produced per plant. Does the onset of storage root formation occur at random times in random adventitious roots, or is this process initiated by spatial and temporal cues in the rhizosphere that interact with shoot-borne signals? This review addresses this question and focuses on the vascular cambium as the main driver of storage root formation, which is essentially secondary growth. The goal is to integrate classical source-sink dynamics with available anatomical, morphological, physiological, molecular, and genomic evidence, leading to a more complete understanding of the genetic regulation of the role of vascular cambium in sweetpotato storage root formation. The understanding of how adventitious roots transition to storage roots is important not only from the scientific understanding but can lead to practical applications that improve food security and economic sustainability where the sweetpotato is grown.
Research on Real-time and High-Precision Cracks Inversion Algorithm for ACFM Based on GA-BP Neural Network
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao
Published: September 2024

Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology is an emerging nondestructive testing method, which has been used widely in oil industry for detecting and evaluating of surface cracks on structures. It is hard to achieve real-time and high-precision cracks inversion for ACFM based on traditional characteristic signals. In this paper, based on the finite element method (FEM) model of electromagnetic coupling ACFM probe, the energy spectrum and phase threshold determination method is present to obtain the crack characteristic signals in real time. The real-time and high- precision cracks inversion system for ACFM is set up and verified by artificial cracks. The length and depth of cracks are calculated using the characteristic signals obtained from experiments based the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Back Propagation (BP) neural network real-time and high- precision cracks inversion algorithm. The results show that the FEM model of electromagnetic coupling ACFM probe can simulate the characteristic signals perfectively. The energy spectrum and phase threshold determination method can obtain the crack characteristic signals in real time. The GA-BP neural network can invert the length and depth of crack perfectly and the relative error of inversion accuracy is less than 10%.
Visual Evaluation of Irregular Cracks in Steel by Double Gradient Fusion Algorithm Using Composite ACFM-MFL Testing Method
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao
Published: September 2024

Visual evaluation of cracks in the steel under the coating is an important topic in the nondestructive testing field. In this paper, the double gradient fusion algorithm is presented for the visualization of irregular cracks using the composite alternating current field measurement and magnetic flux leakage (ACFM-MFL) testing method. A finite element method model of the ACFM-MFL is developed to extract the disturbed current and distorted magnetic field caused by the irregular crack. The double gradient fusion algorithm is presented to reconstruct the surface morphology of the irregular crack. The ACFM-MFL testing system is developed to detect and evaluate the irregular crack in the steel under the coating using the double gradient fusion algorithm. The results show that the surface morphology of the irregular crack can be reconstructed accurately and evaluated visually in the steel under the coating by the double gradient fusion algorithm using the composite ACFM-MFL testing method.
Design and Experiment Research of Oblique Crack Detection System for Rail Tread Based on ACFM Technique
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao
Published: September 2024

The oblique crack is a major form of damage to the rail tread surface. When it reaches a certain depth, these cracks will rapidly expand and cause transverse fractures in the rail head. Therefore, the detection of oblique cracks on rail treads is of great significance for railway safety. Based on the characteristics of rail tread detection, a rail tread oblique crack detection system has been developed and tested using the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique. The ACFM detection model is established using the finite element software COMSOL. It analyzes the response relationships between the induced electromagnetic field and the oblique cracks, as well as explores the influences of different scanning paths on the distortion of characteristic signals. In consideration of the rail tread's characteristics, the detection probe, scanning frame, and detector are designed, and the detection software is written to form a complete rail tread oblique crack detection system capable of detecting rail tread cracks of various lengths and depths. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the distortion of the characteristic signal at the center position of the oblique crack is the smallest, while the characteristic signal at the end position is the largest. The detection system can effectively detect oblique cracks as deep as 1 mm on the rail tread increases, the distortion of the crack center characteristic signal increases, and as the length of the crack increases, the distortion of the characteristic signal first increases and then decreases.
Design and Testing of High-Resolution Probe Arrays Using Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao
Published: September 2024

For the large space of sensor array in the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) probe, the spatial resolution of the measured distorted magnetic image is low above defects. As a result, the accurate morphology of defects cannot be reconstructed. In this paper, a novel ACFM probe array and testing system are set up based on the high resolution TMR magnetic field sensor array for the high-resolution imaging of distorted magnetic field. The finite element simulation model of ACFM is established. The induced electromagnetic field distortion law around the different defects is analyzed. The relationship between defect surface profile and magnetic field image is analyzed. The high-resolution sensor array is designed with 1 mm spacing. The range of uniform current field is analyzed by simulation. The multiplexing module is designed to preprocess the signal output from sensor array. The structure of the detection probe is designed. The testing system is set up to carried out defect detection experiment. The results show that Bz (magnetic field perpendicular to specimen) image and Bx (magnetic field parallel to probe scanning direction) image can reflect the information of the end point and edge of the defect respectively. The high-resolution magnetic field image of the distortion around the defect can be obtained by the ACFM probe arrry. The surface profile of the defect can be imaged visually accurately by the image of magnetic field.
Research on the Detection of Surface Cracks on Drilling Riser Using the Chain Alternating Current Field Measurement Probe Array
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao
Published: September 2024

Drilling riser is a critical component in offshore oil and gas industry. Due to the complicated alternating stress and corrosive environment, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the most common defect on drilling riser in service. A novel chain alternating current field measurement (ACFM) probe array is proposed to detect surface cracks on drilling riser. The finite element method (FEM) is presented for analyzing the characteristic signal of surface crack. The space between the U-shaped excitation yoke and the detecting sensor is determined by simulation. Based on the results of simulation, the chain ACFM probe with giant magneto resistance (GMR) sensor array system is set up, and the drilling riser surface crack detection experiment is carried out. The results show that the maximum spacing of U-shaped excitation yoke and sensor array is 80 mm and 10 mm respectively. Furthermore, the chain ACFM probe with GMR sensor array system can detect and locate the surface cracks on drilling riser rapidly and quantitatively with a single pass scanning.
An Electromagnetic Helmholtz-Coil Probe for Arbitrary Orientation Crack Detection on the Surface of Pipeline
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao
Published: September 2024

Subjected to hoop stress and land movement load, the orientation of cracks on the surface of pipeline may be axial direction, circumferential direction or the others. In this paper, an electromagnetic Helmholtz-coil probe is presented to detect the oriented cracks on the surface of pipeline. A structure of equal-spaced TMR sensor array of the Helmholtz-coil probe is applied to scan the full circumference of the pipeline simultaneously in a single pass. The simulation and experiment results indicate that using the combination effect of the electric current perturbation and the magnetic flux leakage, the oriented crack can be mapped clearly.
Circumferential Current Field Testing System with TMR Sensor Array for Non-contact Detection and Estimation of Cracks on Power Plant Piping
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao
Published: September 2024

Piping is a critical component in power plant, which is subject to surface thermal fatigue cracks. Due to the high temperature and the presence of coatings, conventional non-destructive testing methods are unsuitable to detect the thermal fatigue cracks on power plant piping. This paper presents a novel circumferential uniform current field testing system for the non-contact detection and estimation of cracks on power plant piping. A 3D dynamic finite element method model is developed to obtain the characteristic signals and optimize the inducing frequency. The circumferential uniform current field testing system with tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) sensor array is set up and the crack detection experiments are carried out. The results show that the circumferential uniform current field testing system with TMR sensor array can achieve a non-contact, visual and efficient detection of cracks on piping in a one pass scan. The depth and length of cracks can be estimated by the proposed calibration method.
Non-universal probes of composite Higgs models: new bounds and prospects for FCC-ee
Authors: Stefanek Ben A.
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We study the leading loop-level phenomenology of composite Higgs models via the effective field theory of a strongly interacting light Higgs and top quark (SILH+TQ). We systematically analyze the renormalization group evolution (RGE) of tree-generated operators in the SILH+TQ scenario, finding large mixings of flavor non-universal operators into those affecting electroweak precision observables. We show that these model-independent RG contributions are more important than typical estimates for finite parts. Flavor non-universal effects are completely captured by examining three options for the top mixing: fully composite $$ {q}_L^3 $$

q
L
3

, equal compositeness, and fully composite tR. In the most phenomenologically viable case of a fully composite tR, we show that the strongest bound on the natural parameter space comes from next-to-leading log running of the 4-top operator $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{tt}=\left({\overline{t}}_R{\gamma}_{\mu }{t}_R\right)\left({\overline{t}}_R{\gamma}^{\mu }{t}_R\right) $$

O
tt

=

t
¯

R

γ
μ

t
R

t
¯

R

γ
μ

t
R

into the Peskin-Takeuchi T parameter. In general, we find that this 2-loop effect allows existing electroweak precision data to give better constraints on 4-top operators than high-energy probes from top production at the LHC. Independent of the top mixing, we find that a future tera-Z machine such as FCC-ee has the potential to probe composite Higgs models up to a scale of m∗ ≳ 25 TeV, and test the naturalness of the electroweak scale at the ≲ 10−4 level.
PAIReD jet: A multi-pronged resonance tagging strategy across all Lorentz boosts
Authors: Mondal Spandan , Barone Gaetano , Schmidt Alexander
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We propose a new approach of jet-based event reconstruction that aims to optimally exploit correlations between the products of a hadronic multi-pronged decay across all Lorentz boost regimes. The new approach utilizes clustered small-radius jets as seeds to define unconventional jets, referred to as PAIReD jets. The constituents of these jets are subsequently used as inputs to machine learning-based algorithms to identify the flavor content of the jet. We demonstrate that this approach achieves higher efficiencies in the reconstruction of signal events containing heavy-flavor jets compared to other event reconstruction strategies at all Lorentz boost regimes. Classifiers trained on PAIReD jets also have significantly better background rejections compared to those based on traditional event reconstruction approaches using small-radius jets at low Lorentz boost regimes. The combined effect of a higher signal reconstruction efficiency and better classification performance results in a two to four times stronger rejection of light-flavor jets compared to conventional strategies at low Lorentz-boosts, and rejection rates similar to classifiers based on large-radius multi-pronged jets at high Lorentz-boost regimes.
Gravitational production of heavy particles during and after inflation
Authors: Racco Davide , Verner Sarunas , Xue Wei
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We investigate the gravitational production of a scalar field χ with a mass exceeding the Hubble scale during inflation mχ ≳ HI, employing both analytical and numerical approaches. We demonstrate that the steepest descent method effectively captures the epochs and yields of gravitational production in a compact and simple analytical framework. These analytical results align with the numerical solutions of the field equation. Our study covers three spacetime backgrounds: de Sitter, power-law inflation, and the Starobinsky inflation model. Within these models, we identify two distinct phases of particle production: during and after inflation. During inflation, we derive an accurate analytic expression for the particle production rate, accounting for a varying Hubble rate. After inflation, the additional burst of particle production depends on the inflaton mass around its minimum. When this mass is smaller than the Hubble scale during inflation, HI, there is no significant extra production. However, if the inflaton mass is larger, post-inflation production becomes the dominant contribution. Furthermore, we explore the implications of gravitationally produced heavy fields for dark matter abundance, assuming their cosmological stability.
On fusing matrices associated with conformal boundary conditions
Authors: Konechny Anatoly , Vergioglou Vasileios
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In the context of rational conformal field theories (RCFT) we look at the fusing matrices that arise when a topological defect is attached to a conformal boundary condition. We call such junctions open topological defects. One type of fusing matrices arises when two open defects fuse while another arises when an open defect passes through a boundary operator. We use the topological field theory approach to RCFTs based on Frobenius algebra objects in modular tensor categories to describe the general structure associated with such matrices and how to compute them from a given Frobenius algebra object and its representation theory. We illustrate the computational process on the rational free boson theories. Applications to boundary renormalisation group flows are briefly discussed.
Generalized cluster states from Hopf algebras: non-invertible symmetry and Hopf tensor network representation
Authors: Jia Zhian
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cluster states are crucial resources for measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). It exhibits symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order, thus also playing a crucial role in studying topological phases. We present the construction of cluster states based on Hopf algebras. By generalizing the finite group valued qudit to a Hopf algebra valued qudit and introducing the generalized Pauli-X operator based on the regular action of the Hopf algebra, as well as the generalized Pauli-Z operator based on the irreducible representation action on the Hopf algebra, we develop a comprehensive theory of Hopf qudits. We demonstrate that non-invertible symmetry naturally emerges for Hopf qudits. Subsequently, for a bipartite graph termed the cluster graph, we assign the identity state and trivial representation state to even and odd vertices, respectively. Introducing the edge entangler as controlled regular action, we provide a general construction of Hopf cluster states. To ensure the commutativity of the edge entangler, we propose a method to construct a cluster lattice for any triangulable manifold. We use the 1d cluster state as an example to illustrate our construction. As this serves as a promising candidate for SPT phases, we construct the gapped Hamiltonian for this scenario and provide a detailed discussion of its non-invertible symmetries. We demonstrate that the 1d cluster state model is equivalent to the quasi-1d Hopf quantum double model with one rough boundary and one smooth boundary. We also discuss the generalization of the Hopf cluster state model to the Hopf ladder model through symmetry topological field theory. Furthermore, we introduce the Hopf tensor network representation of Hopf cluster states by integrating the tensor representation of structure constants with the string diagrams of the Hopf algebra, which can be used to solve the Hopf cluster state model.
Improved thermal resummation for multi-field potentials
Authors: Bahl Henning , Carena Marcela , Ireland Aurora , Wagner Carlos E. M.
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The resummation of large thermal corrections to the effective potential is mandatory for the accurate prediction of phase transitions. We discuss the accuracy of different prescriptions to perform this resummation at the one- and two-loop level and point out conceptual issues that appear when using a high-temperature expansion at the two-loop level. Moreover, we show how a particular prescription called partial dressing, which does not rely on a high-temperature expansion, consistently avoids these issues. We introduce a novel technique to apply this resummation method to the case of multiple mixing fields. Our approach significantly extends the range of applicability of the partial dressing prescription, making it suitable for phenomenological studies of beyond the Standard Model extensions of the Higgs sector.
Involvement of extracellular vesicle microRNA clusters in developing healthy and Rett syndrome brain organoids
Authors: Bahram Sangani Nasim , Koetsier Jarno , Gomes Ana Rita , Diogo Maria Margarida , Fernandes Tiago G. , Bouwman Freek G. , Mariman Edwin C. M. , Ghazvini Mehrnaz , Gribnau Joost , Curfs Leopold M. G. , Reutelingsperger Chris P. , Eijssen Lars M. T.
Published: September 2024

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by de novo mutations in the MECP2 gene. Although miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to play an essential role in several neurological conditions, no prior study has utilized brain organoids to profile EV-derived miRNAs during normal and RTT-affected neuronal development. Here we report the spatiotemporal expression pattern of EV-derived miRNAs in region-specific forebrain organoids generated from female hiPSCs with a MeCP2:R255X mutation and the corresponding isogenic control. EV miRNA and protein expression profiles were characterized at day 0, day 13, day 40, and day 75. Several members of the hsa-miR-302/367 cluster were identified as having a time-dependent expression profile with RTT-specific alterations at the latest developmental stage. Moreover, the miRNA species of the chromosome 14 miRNA cluster (C14MC) exhibited strong upregulation in RTT forebrain organoids irrespective of their spatiotemporal location. Together, our results suggest essential roles of the C14MC and hsa-miR-302/367 clusters in EVs during normal and RTT-associated neurodevelopment, displaying promising prospects as biomarkers for monitoring RTT progression.

Graphical Abstract
Vibration analysis associated with the operation of printing units in offset printing machines: applications towards metamaterials
Authors: Pyr’yev Yuriy , Murcia Terranova Larry
Published: September 2024

The paper analyzes the vibrational behavior of cylinders in the offset printing machine caused by a cylinder gap shock. Specifically, it assesses the stability of a system of two cylinders. The analysis of the proposed model is reduced to solving a set of Hill equations. The singularity of the obtained equations is the relationship between the natural frequencies of the system and modulation depth. Numerical simulations, along with the generalized Hill’s determinant method, were employed to determine the critical parameters of parametric resonance, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for the stability of periodic vibrations.