bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring young patients' perspectives on rehabilitation care: methods and challenges of organizing focus groups for children and adolescents
Authors: Krol M. , Sixma H. , Meerdink J. , Wiersma H. , Rademakers J.
Published: July 2013

Background

In research on quality of care, the experiences of children and (pre)adolescents are usually assessed by asking their parents. However, these young patients may have preferences of their own, and their experiences do not necessarily concur with those of their parents. Therefore, our research aimed to give young patients an opportunity to speak up for themselves.

Methods

Focus group meetings and online focus groups were organized for two age groups (8–11 and 12–15 years) of young patients from two Dutch rehabilitation centres, with the use of a tailored interview technique. The feasibility and applicability of both types of focus groups were assessed.

Results

For both types of focus groups, recruitment proved a major problem. The focus group meetings with (pre)adolescents proved both feasible and applicable in obtaining information regarding the preferences and experiences towards rehabilitation care. Regarding children's meetings, there were mixed results. The setting suited most of them, but some were more anxious. In general, online focus groups were less successful than expected for both age groups.

Conclusions

Possibilities for enhancing the recruitment rate should be considered, as the low participation rates limited generalizability of focus group results. The tailored design proved useful for obtaining relevant input from (pre)adolescents through meetings, but, especially for children, repeated meetings or other locations (e.g. at home) could be considered. This may make participants more at ease. For both age groups, the online focus groups proved far less useful, in terms of participation.
Effect of oral healthcare education on knowledge, attitude and skills of care home nurses: a systematic literature review
Authors: de Lugt‐Lustig Kersti H.M.E. , Vanobbergen Jacques N.O. , van der Putten Gert‐Jan , De Visschere Luc M.J. , Schols Jos M.G.A. , de Baat Cees
Published: July 2013

Objectives

To systematically review the literature on the effect of providing oral healthcare education to care home nurses on their oral healthcare knowledge and attitude and their oral hygiene care skills.

Methods

A literature search was obtained for relevant articles on oral healthcare education of nurses in care homes, using five electronic retrieval systems and databases. The search was limited to human studies, articles published in English and articles published during the period January 1990 to December 2011. The methodological quality of an article was assessed on the basis of criteria published by the Cochrane Collaboration. For articles not meeting all methodological quality criteria, relevance criteria were used to determine how much scientific evidence could be assigned to the study findings.

Results

In accordance with the methodological quality criteria, two randomized controlled trials were included. Additionally, four studies were included after determining the scientific evidence of the study findings. The studies included revealed some scientific evidence and indications that an oral healthcare education programme for care home nurses may improve the nurses' oral healthcare knowledge and attitude. Any effect of oral healthcare education to care home nurses' oral hygiene care skills could not be determined.

Conclusions

Oral healthcare education may have a positive effect on care home nurses' oral healthcare knowledge and attitude and on care home residents' oral hygiene, whereas any effect on care home nurses' oral hygiene care skills could not be found.
Causal relationship between body mass index and fetuin‐A level in the asian population: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study
Authors: Thakkinstian Ammarin , Chailurkit Laor , Warodomwichit Daruneewan , Ratanachaiwong Wipa , Yamwong Sukit , Chanprasertyothin Suwannee , Attia John , Sritara Piyamitr , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong
Published: July 2013

Objective

Fetuin‐A is associated with body mass index (BMI) as well as components of the metabolic syndrome. However, it is unclear if fetuin‐A affects BMI or the other way around. We therefore assessed the causal association between fetuin‐A and BMI or vice versa, utilizing a bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach.

Design and Methods

This was a study of 2558 subjects from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) cohort. Two polymorphisms, that is, rs2248690 in the alpha2‐Hereman‐Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) gene and rs9939609 in the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene were genotyped. Bidirectional causal models were constructed using a two‐stage least‐square instrumental variable (IV) regression. First, rs2248690 locus was used as the instrumental variable for the effect of circulating fetuin‐A on BMI, and then, the FTO rs9939609 locus was used as the instrumental variable for the effect of BMI on circulating fetuin‐A.

Results

Among the 2558 subjects, the prevalence of the minor AHSG (T) and FTO (A) alleles was 17·9% and 22·1%, respectively. The AHSG rs2248690 locus was highly related to serum fetuin‐A levels (P < 0·001). Likewise, the FTO rs9939609 locus and BMI were highly associated (P < 0·001). Mendelian randomization analyses showed that circulating fetuin‐A, instrumented by the AHSG rs2248690 locus, was associated with BMI (coefficient = 2·26; 95% CI: 0·39, 4·12). In contrast, BMI, instrumented by the FTO rs9939609 locus, was not associated with circulating fetuin‐A (coefficient = 0·0007; 95% CI: −0·0242, 0·0256).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a causal association leading from circulating fetuin‐A to BMI. There was no evidence of reverse causality from BMI to fetuin‐A.
Motor learning in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and the role of sensation in short‐term motor training of goal‐directed reaching
Authors: Robert Maxime T , Guberek Rhona , Sveistrup Heidi , Levin Mindy F
Published: July 2013

Aim

Our aim was to determine if improved upper limb kinematics in children with cerebral palsy (CP) during a reach‐to‐grasp task could be retained and transferred to a similar task. We also characterized the relationship between sensation and motor learning.

Method

We used a prospective, single‐participant research design with 16 children (seven males, nine females; mean/median age 8.6/9y; age range 6–11y) with spastic hemiparesis (Manual Ability Classification System levels II–IV). Children were randomly allocated to one of two groups: (1) task‐oriented training with or (2) without trunk restraint. The intervention consisted of three 1‐hour sessions per week for 5 weeks (total 15h). Evaluations consisted of sensory modalities (tactile threshold, touch, proprioception, stereognosis) and upper limb kinematics during reach‐to‐grasp of an object located near and far from the body (five assessments: three pre‐intervention, immediately post‐intervention and 3mo post‐intervention).

Results

Motor improvements could be retained 3 months after the intervention and transferred to a similar task in children with CP. Proprioception and tactile thresholds were associated with retention of improvements in endpoint velocity (F2,13=4.832, p=0.027).

Interpretation

Practice of activities aimed at improving upper limb kinematics led to better learning and retention of movement patterns in children with CP. Our results underline the importance of sensation for motor learning in children with CP.
Anaerobic tests for wheelchair‐using children with cerebral palsy: the ‘scroll saw’ of the exercise test toolbox?
Authors: Maher Carol
Published: July 2013

This commentary is on the original article by Verschuren et al. on pages 1129–1135 of this issue.
Churg–Strauss Syndrome Associated with Rapid Deterioration of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Conduction Disturbance
Authors: Chin Jung Yeon , Yi Jeong Eun , Youn Ho‐Joong
Published: July 2013

Cardiac involvement in Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a major cause of mortality. Here we report a case of a 75‐year‐old woman with eosinophilic endomyocarditis due to CSS. An electrocardiogram showed intraventricular conduction delay, and echocardiography showed an impaired relaxation pattern and biventricular apical thickening. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed subendocardial delayed enhancement with biventricular apical thrombi. Endomyocardial biopsy showed perivascular eosinophilic infiltration. Despite resolution of the hypereosinophilia after steroid therapy, her left ventricular (LV) diastolic function worsened into a restrictive pattern and she died with a ventricular escape rhythm on her 14th day in the hospital. This case is unusual in that there was rapid progression of the LV diastolic dysfunction and conduction disturbance due to CSS.
Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Assessment of Acquired Ascending Aortic Aneurysm to Pulmonary Artery Fistula
Authors: Roomi Asad Ullah , Kemaloglu Oz Tugba , Williams Shammah O. , Nanda Navin C. , Mehta Kruti J. , Sungur Aylin , McGiffin David C.
Published: July 2013

Aorta to pulmonary artery fistula is an uncommon and potentially fatal condition. This case is of a 48‐year‐old Caucasian male with congestive heart failure and multiple aortic valve replacement surgeries who presented with an acquired ascending aortic aneurysm to pulmonary artery fistula diagnosed using two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography via nonstandard imaging windows. Three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography using live/real time three‐dimensional color Doppler was used to assess the size of the opening of the fistula, providing additional value. This patient was surgically managed and is doing well 8 months postoperation.
Right‐Sided Endomyocardial Fibrosis with a Right Atrial Thrombus: Three‐Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Evaluation
Authors: Kharwar Rajiv Bharat , Sethi Rishi , Narain Varun Shankar
Published: July 2013

Endomyocardial fibrosis is a form of restrictive cardiomyopathy mainly affecting poor children and young adults in geographically restricted areas of Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. The pathophysiological hallmark of the disease is focal or diffuse endocardial thickening involving mainly the inflow, the apices, and the subvalvular region leading to valvular regurgitation, diastolic dysfunction and obliteration of the ventricular apex. Advanced right‐sided disease has slow flow of blood through chambers with propensity of thrombus formation especially in the right atria. Although two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography remains the cornerstone for the diagnosis of this disease, the case presented here shows how three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography can add substantial information regarding the region of involvement of the right ventricle as well as the various characteristics of the right atrial thrombus.
Smart Nature. Aortico‐Left Ventricular Tunnel Bypassing Congenital Critical Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Paech Christian , Pfeil Nicole , Wagner Robert , Kostelka Martin , Weidenbach Michael
Published: July 2013

Mini‐Abstract

The presented case illustrates a neonate with aortico‐left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) and critical aortic stenosis (AS), who successfully underwent Ross procedure. Case: A neonate presented with critical AS due to a dysplastic aortic valve and an ALVT, consisting of an aneurysmatic, extracardiac component and an aortic insertion of the tunnel just above the right coronary sinus. The child underwent successful Ross operation and resection of the ALVT on 9th day of life. Follow‐up showed normal left ventricular function and no AS. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of ALVT and critical AS that underwent successful neonatal Ross procedure.
Detrimental effects of plant compounds on a polyembryonic parasitoid are mediated through its highly polyphagous herbivore host
Authors: Lampert Evan C. , Bowers M. Deane
Published: July 2013

Plant defensive compounds can have sometimes severe deleterious effects on both herbivores and their natural enemies. Iridoid glycosides (IGs) are defensive compounds that are well established as deterrent to several generalist herbivores and generalist predators. Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is exceptional among generalist herbivores for its ability to tolerate and thrive when feeding upon IG‐producing plant species; however, it is not known whether the compounds themselves have a harmful effect on T. ni and whether the effects in turn affect its oligophagous endoparasitoid Copidosoma floridanum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). To examine these effects, a semi‐purified extract of the IG‐containing plant Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae), containing the IGs aucubin and catalpol, was added to artificial diets at 0, 1, 5, or 10% diet dry weight. These diets were fed to both C. floridanum‐parasitized and unparasitized T. ni. Diets higher in IGs tended to be more toxic to both parasitized and unparasitized larvae: host larvae that did survive were slightly smaller and took longer to develop on higher IG diets and total clutch size and survival of the parasitoid C. floridanum were greatly reduced as the host's dietary intake of IGs increased. Only small amounts of aucubin were detected inside the T. ni hemocoel, suggesting that the negative effect of these compounds on C. floridanum is due to nutritional quality of the host being reduced rather than direct toxic effects of the compounds.
Evolution of pre‐zygotic and post‐zygotic barriers to gene flow among three cryptic species within the Anastrepha fraterculus complex
Authors: Rull Juan , Abraham Solana , Kovaleski Adalecio , Segura Diego F. , Mendoza Mariana , Liendo M. Clara , Vera M. Teresa
Published: July 2013

Tropical tephritids are ideally suited for studies on population divergence and speciation because they include species groups undergoing rapid radiation, in which morphologically cryptic species and sister species are abundant. The fraterculus species group in the Neotropical genus Anastrepha is a case in point, as it is composed of a complex of up to seven A. fraterculus morphotypes proposed to be cryptic species. Here, we document pre‐ and post‐zygotic barriers to gene flow among adults of the Mexican A. fraterculus morphotype and three populations (Argentina, Brazil, and Peru) belonging to two separate morphotypes (Brazilian 1 and Peruvian). We unveiled three forms of pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation resulting in strong assortative mating. In field cages, free‐ranging male and female A. fraterculus displayed a strong tendency to form couples with members of the opposite sex belonging to their own morphotype, suggesting that male pheromone emission, courtship displays, or both intervene in shaping female choice before actual contact and coupling. In addition, males and females of the Peruvian morphotype became receptive and mated significantly later than adults of the Mexican and Brazilian 1 morphotypes. After contact, Mexican females exhibited greater mating discrimination than males when facing adults of the opposite sex belonging to either the Peruvian or the Brazilian 1 morphotype as evidenced by vigorous resistance to penetration once they had been forcefully mounted by heterotypic males. Forced copulations resulted in production of F1 hybrids that were either less viable (and partially fertile) than parental crosses or even sterile. Our results suggest that the Mexican morphotype is a distinct biological entity and that pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation through divergence in courtship or male‐produced pheromone and other mechanisms appear to evolve faster than post‐zygotic isolation in the fraterculus species group.
Reproductive strategies of the larval parasitoid Microplitis croceipes
Authors: Makatiani Jacqueline Kubochi , Bruce Anani Yaovi , Schulthess Fritz , Takasu Keiji
Published: July 2013

Mate choice may have important consequences for offspring sex ratio and fitness of haplodiploid insects. Mate preference of females of the solitary larval parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for virgin and mated males, and vice versa, and the reproductive consequences (i.e., the sex ratio expressed as the proportion of male offspring) were examined in choice and non‐choice experiments. In addition, the effect of repeated rapid and daily copulation of an individual male on the sex ratio of offspring of the female mates was assessed. Males preferred virgins over mated females, whereas females copulated with a male irrespective of his mating status. In both the rapid and daily copulation assay, females copulating with a male that had copulated five times or more produced a higher sex ratio than females that had copulated with a virgin male. Females that copulated with virgin males once or twice produced a significantly and considerably lower sex ratio than females that first copulated with a sperm‐depleted male followed by a virgin male. This indicates that copulating with a sperm‐depleted male has costs and limits acquisition by the female of sperm from virgin males.
Loss‐of‐function KCNH2 mutation in a family with long QT syndrome, epilepsy, and sudden death
Authors: Partemi Sara , Cestèle Sandrine , Pezzella Marianna , Campuzano Oscar , Paravidino Roberta , Pascali Vincenzo L. , Zara Federico , Tassinari Carlo Alberto , Striano Salvatore , Oliva Antonio , Brugada Ramon , Mantegazza Massimo , Striano Pasquale
Published: July 2013

There has been increased interest in a possible association between epilepsy channelopathies and cardiac arrhythmias, such as long QT syndrome (LQTS). We report a kindred that features LQTS, idiopathic epilepsy, and increased risk of sudden death. Genetic study showed a previously unreported heterozygous point mutation (c.246T>C) in the KCNH2 gene. Functional studies showed that the mutation induces severe loss of function. This observation provides further evidence for a possible link between idiopathic epilepsy and LQTS.
N‐terminal processing of membrane‐targeted MnSOD and formation of multiple active superoxide dismutase dimers in the nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120
Authors: Raghavan Prashanth S. , Rajaram Hema , Apte Shree K.
Published: July 2013

Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 expresses a 30 kDa manganese‐dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) comprising a hydrophobic region (signal peptide + linker peptide) attached to a catalytic unit. Bioinformatics predicted cleavage of the signal peptide at 25CQPQ by signal peptidase and of the linker peptide by an Arg‐C‐like protease at the Arg52/Arg59 residue. The three predicted forms of MnSOD were immunodetected in Anabaena, with the 30 kDa MnSOD found exclusively in the membrane and the shorter 27 and 24 kDa forms found both in the membrane and soluble fractions. The corresponding sodA gene was truncated for (a) the first eight residues, or, (b) the signal peptide, or (c) the entire hydrophobic region, or (d) the Arg52/Arg59 residues were modified to serine. Overexpression of these MnSOD variants in recombinant Anabaena strains revealed that (a) the 30 kDa membrane‐targeted MnSOD was cleaved by membrane‐localized signal peptidase either during or after its transport through the membrane to release the 27 kDa form, either in the cytosol or in the periplasmic/thylakoid lumen, (b) the 27 kDa form was further cleaved to the 24 kDa form by Arg‐C‐like protease, both in the cytosol and in the periplasmic/thylakoid lumen, (c) deletion of signal peptide localized the MnSOD forms in the cytosol, and (d) alteration of the signal/linker peptide cleavage sites interfered with MnSOD localization and processing. Homo/heterodimerization of the 24 and 27 kDa forms of MnSOD and the cytosolic iron‐dependent SOD results in multiple SOD activities, from a single MnSOD gene (sodA), in different cellular compartments of Anabaena.
Comparison of the antitumor efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with a miriplatin‐iodized oil suspension and a cisplatin‐iodized oil suspension for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ueda Tatsuo , Murata Satoru , Yasui Daisuke , Mine Takahiko , Kumita Shinichiro
Published: July 2013

Aim

To retrospectively compare the short‐term antitumor efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with a cisplatin‐iodized oil suspension (C‐IS) and a miriplatin‐iodized oil suspension (M‐IS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Of patients who underwent TACE for unresectable HCC between January 2010 and August 2011, 25 and 21 patients received C‐IS and M‐IS, respectively. The short‐term therapeutic efficacy of both groups was evaluated by the treatment effect seen on dynamic enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of tumor nodules 3 months after treatment. Adverse events were evaluated to compare C‐IS and M‐IS.

Results

After TACE using C‐IS and M‐IS, 100% necrosis or tumor size reduction was achieved in 30 and 18 tumor nodules, respectively (81% vs 53%; P = 0.006). Objective responses were achieved in 30 nodules exposed to TACE using C‐IS and 17 exposed to TACE using M‐IS (81% vs 50%; P = 0.011). Disease control was achieved in 36 nodules exposed to C‐IS and 27 exposed to M‐IS (97% vs 79%; P = 0.017). The percentage of patients attaining a complete response, an objective response and disease control was significantly greater in the C‐IS group than in the M‐IS group. No significant differences were found in the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and creatinine levels between the two groups either before treatment or 1 month after treatment.

Conclusion

The short‐term antitumor effects of TACE with C‐IS may be superior to those with M‐IS in terms of the complete response, objective response and disease control rates.
Risk assessment and clinical decision making for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Schroy Paul C. , Caron Sarah E. , Sherman Bonnie J. , Heeren Timothy C. , Battaglia Tracy A.
Published: July 2013

Background

Shared decision making (SDM) related to test preference has been advocated as a potentially effective strategy for increasing adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, yet primary care providers (PCPs) are often reluctant to comply with patient preferences if they differ from their own. Risk stratification advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) provides a rational strategy for reconciling these differences.

Objective

To assess the importance of risk stratification in PCP decision making related to test preference for average‐risk patients and receptivity to use of an electronic risk assessment tool for ACN to facilitate SDM.

Design

Mixed methods, including qualitative key informant interviews and a cross‐sectional survey.

Participants

PCPs at an urban, academic safety‐net institution.

Main Measures

Screening preferences, factors influencing patient recommendations and receptivity to use of a risk stratification tool.

Key Results

Nine PCPs participated in interviews and 57 completed the survey. Despite an overwhelming preference for colonoscopy by 95% of respondents, patient risk (67%) and patient preferences (63%) were more influential in their decision making than patient comorbidities (31%; P < 0.001). Age was the single most influential risk factor (excluding family history), with <20% of respondents choosing factors other than age. Most respondents reported that they would be likely to use a risk stratification tool in their practice either ‘often’ (43%) or sometimes (53%).

Conclusions

Risk stratification was perceived to be important in clinical decision making, yet few providers considered risk factors other than age for average‐risk patients. Providers were receptive to the use of a risk assessment tool for ACN when recommending an appropriate screening test for select patients.
Environmental correlates of annual survival differ between two ecologically similar and congeneric owls
Authors: Pavón‐Jordán Diego , Karell Patrik , Ahola Kari , Kolunen Heikki , Pietiäinen Hannu , Karstinen Teuvo , Brommer Jon E.
Published: July 2013

Understanding how survival is affected by the environment is essential to gain insight into population dynamics and the evolution of life‐history traits as well as to identify environmental selection pressures. However, we still have little understanding of the relative effect of different environmental factors and their interactions on demographic traits and population dynamics. Here we used two long‐term, individual‐based datasets on Tawny Owl Strix aluco (1981–2010) and Ural Owl S. uralensis (1986–2010) to undertake capture‐mark‐recapture analysis of annual survival of adult females in response to three biologically meaningful environmental variables and their two‐way interactions. Despite the similar ecology of these two species, their survival was associated with different and uncorrelated environmental drivers. The main correlate of Tawny Owl survival was an inverse association with snow depth (winter severity). For Ural Owl, high food (vole) abundance improved survival during years with deep snow, but was less important during years with little snow. In addition, Ural Owl survival was strongly density‐dependent, whereas Tawny Owl survival was not. Our findings advise caution in extrapolating demographic inferences from one species to another, even when they are very closely related and ecologically similar. Analyses including only one or few potential environmental drivers of a species' survival may lead to incomplete conclusions because survival may be affected by several factors and their interactions.
Enhancing pressure ulcer prevention using wound dressings: what are the modes of action?
Authors: Call Evan , Pedersen Justin , Bill Brian , Black Joyce , Alves Paulo , Brindle C. Tod , Dealey Carol , Santamaria Nick , Clark Michael
Published: July 2013

Recent clinical research has generated interest in the use of sacral wound dressings as preventive devices for patients at risk of ulceration. This study was conducted to identify the modes of action through which dressings can add to pressure ulcer prevention, for example, shear and friction force redistribution and pressure distribution. Bench testing was performed using nine commercially available dressings. The use of dressings can reduce the amplitude of shear stress and friction reaching the skin of patients at risk. They can also effectively redirect these forces to wider areas which minimises the mechanical loads upon skeletal prominences. Dressings can redistribute pressure based upon their effective Poisson ratio and larger deflection areas, providing greater load redistribution.
Saussurea haizishanensis sp. nov. (Compositae, Cardueae) from Sichuan, China
Authors: Xu Bingqiang , Hao Gang , Xia Nianhe
Published: July 2013

Saussurea haizishanensis B. Q. Xiu, G. Hao & N. H. Xia sp. nov., a new species from Sichuan, China, belonging to Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne (DC.) Hook. f. sect. Cincta Lipsch., is described and illustrated. It is similar to S. delavayi, but differs in its narrowly elliptic, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate leaves, outer phyllaries that are broadly triangular with irregularly dentate margin, and densely yellowish stipitate glandular stem, leaf blades, and adaxial phyllaries. It is also similar to S. schlagintweitii, but differs in possessing numerous capitula and having adaxially glabrous petiole bases. Color plates, line drawings, a distribution map of S. haizishanensis, photographs of phyllaries and leaf blades, and SEM microphotographs of the adaxial surface of style arms, the leaf blades, the abaxial surface of phyllaries of S. haizishanensis and S. delavayi are provided.
Deyeuxia sorengii sp. nov. (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Paszko Beata , Chen Wen‐Li
Published: July 2013

Deyeuxia sorengii B. Paszko & W. L. Chen, a new species of Deyeuxia from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to D. zangxiensis P. C. Kuo & S. L. Lu, but differs from it by having a well‐developed and conspicuously hairy rachilla prolongation and a straight awn. Deyeuxia sorengii occurs in alpine meadows of central Xizang and central Qinghai. The first records of Deyeuxia zangxiensis are reported from western and eastern Xinjiang and northeastern Qinghai (China).
Gas Sensing Behavior of Mesoporous SiOC Glasses
Authors: Karakuscu Aylin , Ponzoni Andrea , Aravind Parakkulam R. , Sberveglieri Giorgio , Soraru Gian D.
Published: July 2013

In this study, for the first time, we report the gas sensing behavior of aerogel‐derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) glasses. The SiOC glass pyrolyzed at 1400°C has specific surface area of 150 m2/g with pore size in the 2–20 nm range. SiOC sensor shows good response to 5 ppm NO2 at 300°C. NO2 response completely disappears at 400°C, and from this temperature SiOC sensor starts respond to H2. The optimum sensitivity for H2 is obtained at 500°C. SiOC sensor is very selective; it is not sensitive to other gases such as acetone vapor or CO, even at high concentrations.
Exploring anxiety symptoms in a large‐scale twin study of children with autism spectrum disorders, their co‐twins and controls
Authors: Hallett Victoria , Ronald Angelica , Colvert Emma , Ames Catherine , Woodhouse Emma , Lietz Stephanie , Garnett Tracy , Gillan Nicola , Rijsdijk Fruhling , Scahill Lawrence , Bolton Patrick , Happé Francesca
Published: July 2013

Background

Although many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) experience difficulties with anxiety, the manifestation of these difficulties remains unresolved. The current study assessed anxiety in a large population‐based twin sample, aged 10–15 years. Phenotypic analyses were used to explore anxiety symptoms in children with ASDs, their unaffected co‐twins and a control sample.

Methods

Participants included 146 families from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) where one or both children had a suspected ASD. Eighty control families were also included. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression scale (Chorpita, Yim, Moffitt, Umemoto & Francis, 2000) was completed (self‐ and parent‐report), along with diagnostic and cognitive tests. Children were categorized into four groups (a) ASD (b) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP: mainly co‐twins of children with ASDs, with high subclinical autistic traits) (c) unaffected co‐twins (with neither ASDs nor BAP) (d) controls.

Results

Children in the ASD and BAP groups scored significantly higher than controls for all parent‐rated (although not child‐rated) anxiety subscales. There were no significant differences between the ASD and BAP groups for any of the parent‐rated anxiety subscales. Compared with controls, unaffected co‐twins showed significantly heightened Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, and Panic symptoms. Significant associations were observed between certain anxiety subscales and both IQ and ASD symptoms. For example, greater parent‐rated Social Anxiety was associated with higher IQ and increased social and communicative impairments. Significant interrater correlations were observed for anxiety reports in children with ASDs (r = .27–.54; p < .01), their unaffected co‐twins (r = .32–.63; p < .01) and controls (r = .23–.43; p < .01) suggesting that children in this sample with and without ASD symptoms were able to report on their anxiety symptoms with some accuracy.

Conclusions

These findings support previous reports of heightened anxiety in children with ASDs, at least on parent‐reported measures. Unaffected co‐twins of children with ASDs also showed increased anxiety, generating questions about the potential etiological overlap between ASDs and anxiety. Progress in this area now depends on more refined anxiety measurement in ASDs and continued investigation of interrater differences.
Increased freezing and decreased positive affect in postinstitutionalized children
Authors: Stellern Sarah , Esposito Elisa , Mliner Shanna , Pears Katherine , Gunnar Megan
Published: July 2013

Background

Early neglect is associated with increased risk of internalizing disorders in humans and with increased fear behavior in animals. When children are adopted out of orphanages in which they experienced institutional neglect, anxiety and depressive disorders often are not seen until adolescence. What has not been examined is whether even young children adopted from institutional care exhibit heightened fear or behavioral inhibition.

Method

Children adopted between 15 and 35 months from institutional care were examined twice during their first year postadoption and compared with children of the same age reared in their birth families. A modified version of the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery for Preschoolers was used with the children being exposed to two mechanical toys designed to be highly arousing and fear eliciting. Because children in institutions tend to exhibit low levels of positive affect, the children were also examined during exposure to two positive stimuli. Sessions were videotaped and coded by observers blind to the study purpose.

Results

Postinstitutionalized children froze more in fear vignettes and were less positive in both fear and positive vignettes than nonadopted children. Group differences did not diminish significantly from the first session to the next, 6 months later.

Conclusions

Children exposed to early institutional neglect exhibit emotional biases that are consistent with their previously demonstrated risk for the development of internalizing disorders.
Combined approaches using sex pheromone and pear ester for behavioural disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Knight A. L. , Light D. M.
Published: July 2013

Attractive properties of pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate, and codlemone, (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol, the sex pheromone of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), were utilized in experiments on behavioural disruption of mating. Standard dispensers loaded with codlemone alone or in combination with pear ester (combo) were applied at 500–1000/ha. Larger (10‐fold) combo dispensers (Meso) were evaluated at a rate of 80/ha. The addition of microencapsulated pear ester, PE‐MEC, sprayed with insecticides at 30 ml/ha was also evaluated. Male moth catches in unmated female‐baited traps were lower in standard combo dispenser than in codlemone dispenser–treated plots. Female moth catch in traps baited with the combination of pear ester, codlemone and acetic acid was lower in standard combo dispenser than in codlemone dispenser–treated plots. In 12 comparative experiments spanning from 2006 to 2012, male moth catch in unmated female‐baited traps was consistently and significantly lower in combo than in codlemone dispenser–treated plots. Male catch in codlemone‐baited traps did not differ between dispenser treatments in eight studies from 2006 to 2009. These results emphasize the benefit of alternatively using traps baited with unmated females over codlemone lures for the analysis of dispenser activity. Fruit injury was significantly reduced with the addition of PE‐MEC to insecticide applications across untreated and dispenser treatments. Proportion of unmated females trapped was higher in standard combo dispenser than in codlemone dispenser–treated and untreated plots. Similarly, the proportion of unmated females caught was higher in the Meso combo dispenser than in nearby or distant codlemone dispenser–treated plots. These field studies conducted in apple over 3 years demonstrate that adding pear ester both to pheromone dispensers, either standard or Meso, and to supplementary insecticide sprays can provide a significant increase in the disruption of sexual communication, reductions in female mating and reductions in fruit injury.
Participant Supervision: Supervisor and Supervisee Experiences of Cotherapy
Authors: Falke Stephanie I. , Lawson Lindsey , Pandit Mayuri L. , Patrick Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2013

Participant supervision is a unique application of live supervision in which a supervisor and supervisee see clients conjointly. Although minimally discussed in the family therapy literature, it has notable advantages, chief among them being a shared clinical experience that increases attunement to supervisee skill and development, the modeling of skillful intervention, and a higher degree of collegiality. However, it is not without its challenges, including supervisee vulnerability and anxiety, diffusion of responsibility, and limited time for case discussion. This article highlights the experience of one supervisor and three doctoral‐level supervisees engaging in participant supervision over the course of a 2‐year period. Using illustrative examples, we discuss our experience of the advantages and challenges of participant supervision, and provide recommendations for establishing a collaborative relational context within which supervisory benefits can be maximized.
Loss of bone marrow NK cells during SIV infection is associated with increased turnover rates and cytotoxicity but not changes in trafficking
Authors: Li Haiying , Evans Tristan I. , Reeves R. Keith
Published: July 2013

Background

HIV and SIV infections induce NK cell dysfunction and hematopoietic defects in the bone marrow, but the effects of infection on bone marrow NK cell development and function are unknown.

Methods

Bone marrow NK cells were analyzed from both naïve and chronically SIV‐infected rhesus macaques using polychromatic flow cytometry.

Results

NK cell frequencies were reduced in infected compared with naïve animals, associated with increased apoptosis. Bone marrow NK cells from SIV‐infected macaques upregulated perforin expression, suggesting increased cytotoxicity, and shifted toward a more mature CD16+ NK cell subpopulation phenotype. Unexpectedly, expression of the trafficking markers α4β7, CCR7, and CD62L was unchanged on bone marrow NK cells during SIV infection.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate that during SIV infection, bone marrow NK cells are reduced in number, but upregulate cytotoxic functions. Furthermore, our data suggest acquired cytotoxicity and loss may be due to in situ NK cell differentiation and not emigration.
Interleukin‐1β orchestrates underlying inflammatory responses in microglia via Krüppel‐like factor 4
Authors: Kaushik Deepak K. , Thounaojam Menaka C. , Kumawat Kanhaiya L. , Gupta Malvika , Basu Anirban
Published: July 2013

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS, which secrete several pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cyto‐chemokines including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), in response to pathogenic stimuli. Once secreted, IL‐1β binds to IL‐1 receptor present on microglia and initiates the production of inflammatory cytokines in microglia. However, the detailed information regarding the molecular mechanisms of IL‐1β triggered inflammatory pathways in microglia is lacking. Our studies focused on the role of Krüppel‐like factor 4 (Klf4) in mediating the regulation of pro‐inflammatory gene expression upon IL‐1β stimulation in microglia. Our studies show that stimulation of microglia with IL‐1β robustly induces Klf4 via PI3K/Akt pathway which positively regulates the production of endogenous IL‐1β as well as other pro‐inflammatory markers, cyclooxygenase‐2, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). In addition, we report that Klf4 negatively regulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, thereby playing a key role in regulating the immunomodulatory activities of microglia.

image

IL‐1β is a potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine which regulates inflammation in brain via activation of microglia. In this regard, we unravelled mechanisms for IL‐1β mediated regulation of downstream Cox‐2, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) as well as other cyto‐chemokines in microglia and have established a role for Klf4 in mediating microglial activation. We further report that Klf4 mediates the production of endogenous IL‐1β in response to exogenous IL‐1β stimulation. We hereby propose a novel transcription factor underlying IL‐1β mediated modulation of inflammation in the CNS.
Injection Anxiety and Pain in Men Using Intracavernosal Injection Therapy After Radical Pelvic Surgery
Authors: Nelson Christian J. , Hsiao Wayland , Balk Eliana , Narus Joseph , Tal Raanan , Bennett Nelson E. , Mulhall John P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy is a well-recognized treatment strategy with high success rates for men with erectile dysfunction. Despite this, injection anxiety and pain related to injection are significant barriers to its use.

Aims

This study aims to examine injection anxiety and injection pain in patients using ICI.

Methods

Men starting ICI therapy post radical pelvic surgery completed questionnaires at initial visit, at each of the two ICI training sessions and at a 4-month follow-up visit.

Main Outcome Measures

Injection Anxiety Scale, Injection Pain Scale, Injection Reaction Inventory, and the Erectile Function Domain of the International Index of Erectile Function.

Results

Average age of the 68 men was 60 ± 8 years. At 4 months, the self-reported frequency of ICI use was: 29% <1/week, 26% 1/week, 40% 2/week, and 5% 3/week. Mean injection anxiety score at first injection was 5.7 ± 2.8 (range 0–10) and significantly decreased to a 4.1 ± 3 at 4 months (P < 0.001). At first injection, 65% reported high injection anxiety (≥5) and this significantly decreased to 42% (P = 0.003) at 4 months. Anxiety at first injection was negatively related to ICI frequency at 4 months (r = −0.23, P = 0.08). Mean injection pain score at first injection was low (2.2 ± 1.8, range 0–10) and 59% rated injection pain ≤2. Injection pain remained consistent across time periods. At first injection, injection anxiety (assessed prior to injection) was related to injection pain (r = 0.21, P = 0.04) and subjects (n = 21) who reported high injection anxiety (≥5) across time points, reported an increase in injection pain scores from first injection to 4 months (2.7 vs. 3.7, P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Although injection anxiety decreased with ICI use, mean injection anxiety remained at a moderate level (4.4) and 42% of men continued to report “high” injection anxiety at 4 months. While injection pain was low, injection anxiety and pain were related. These data suggest the need for a psychological intervention to help lower injection anxiety related to ICI.
Sexual Function and Long-Term Results Following Vaginal Reconstruction with Free Vascular Jejunal Flap
Authors: Erman Akar Münire , Özkan Ömer , Özkan Özlenen , Colak Taner , Gecici Omer
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Sexual adjustment and long-term results following vaginal reconstruction with free vascular jejunal flap are not well known.

Aims

The study aims to investigate sexual adjustment and long-term results among patients who underwent vaginal reconstruction with free vascular jejunal flap.

Methods

A total of 34 women, aged 16–31 years (mean 23.5), who underwent vaginal reconstruction with a vascular jejunal flap between 2005 and 2011 were evaluated. Indications for reconstruction included the following: Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome (29 patients), isolated vaginal agenesis (2 patients), androgen insensitivity syndrome (2 patients), and (1) history of gynecologic-oncologic surgery.

Main Outcome Measures

The study evaluates the perioperative results, complications, satisfaction with sexual function, length and width of the neovagina.

Results

All of the surgeries were completed without any intraoperative complications. Three patients required reoperation because of postoperative venous compromise in the grafts. The flap success rate was 100%, and no infection was observed for any case. The mean follow-up was 50 months (between 20 and 87 months). The mean vaginal depth and diameter were satisfactory for all cases. Postoperatively, six patients complained of jejunal hypersecretion, one patient complained of mucosal prolapse, and one patient complained of vaginal constriction. The neovaginal prolapse was repaired via minor surgery. Twenty-seven were married and sexually active. Twenty patients completed the questionnaire on sexual function. Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Eleven patients were satisfied with their sexual lives after surgery (FSFI scores ≥ 25).

Conclusion

Based on our results, satisfactory sexual function was achieved using the free jejunal vascular flap.
Effects of Yoga on Sexual Function in Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Ha-Na , Ryu Jungsu , Kim Kyung-Soo , Song Sang-Wook
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Female sexual dysfunction is an important public health issue; it has a high global prevalence, but no effective and safe treatment options. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction is higher in women with metabolic syndrome than in the general population.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of yoga as a treatment for sexual dysfunction in women with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

In this randomized, controlled study, 41 women with metabolic syndrome (age 30–60 years) were assigned to a 12-week yoga exercise group (n = 20) or a wait-listed control group (n = 21).

Main Outcome Measures

Primary end points were changes in total and individual domain scores on the Female Sexual Function Index.

Results

The 12-week yoga intervention resulted in significant improvement in arousal (0.74 ± 1.18 vs. 0.16 ± 0.82, respectively; P = 0.042) and lubrication (0.72 ± 1.12 vs. 0.06 ± 0.87, respectively; P = 0.008) compared with the control group. Systolic blood pressure showed significantly greater improvement in the yoga group than in the control group at the 12-week follow up (−3.5 ± 13.7 vs. 2.0 ± 14.7, respectively; P = 0.040).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that yoga may be an effective treatment for sexual dysfunction in women with metabolic syndrome as well as for metabolic risk factors.
The relationship of alcohol use and physical activity from an ecologic perspective
Authors: Bigelow April , Villarruel Antonia , Ronis David L.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To determine the predictors of alcohol use (AU) and their relationship to physical activity (PA) among adolescents and to examine differences among groups using an ecologic model.

Design and Methods

Cross sectional secondary analysis of 11,432 adolescents (51% 8th and 49% 10th graders).

Results

Attitude, perception of risk, and academic performance were the strongest predictors ofAU.PAdid not moderate, but it had a positive influence onAUin 10th graders. Differences were observed among groups.

Practice Implications

Nurses can address individual and school factors in an effort to decreaseAUand guide nurses in creating an individualized plan.