bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and application of chitosan conjugated heterocyclic compounds
Authors: El-Gharably Atif A. , Kenawy El-Refaie S. , Safaan Ahmed A. , Aboamna Saad A. , Mahmoud Yehia A.-G. , Mandour Hamada S. A.
Published: March 2022

Derivatives of formyl pyrazole were synthesized by the reaction of acetophenone, 4-methyl acetophenone, 3-acetyl furan, 3-acetyl thiophen and phenyl hydrazine derivatives. The product was treated with Vilsmeier reagent producing different formyl pyrazole derivatives which were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, Elemental analysis and Mass spectroscopy. The formyl pyrazole derivatives were reacted with chitosan to produce chitosan/ pyrazole Schiff base. These Schiff bases were characterized by FT-IR and TGA.The antimicrobial activity of chitosan/ pyrazol Schiff base (CSB) was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), gram negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) and fungus (Aspergillus niger). Results indicated agood inhibitory activity for CSB-14 when tested against B.cereus that gave inhibition zone of 7.5 ± 0.6 (mm), however CSB-18 gave a pronounced inhibitory activity against S. aureus and recorded 25 ± 2.0 (mm). All synthesized derivatives have no inhibitory activity against Gram negative E. coli. CSB-14, and CSB-15 exhibited inhibitory activity against tested A. niger that was used as a fungal model which gave 19 ± 0.9 and 18 ± 1.0 inhibition zone (mm) respectively. Thus, these results showed that, functionalization of chitosan with the hetero-cyclic compounds created biological activities of the synthesized derivatives; hence the synthesized pyrazole derivatives have not recorded any inhibitory activity before its immobilization onto chitosan.
Paraconsistent Metatheory: New Proofs with Old Tools
Authors: Badia Guillermo , Weber Zach , Girard Patrick
Published: March 2022

This paper is a step toward showing what is achievable using non-classical metatheory—particularly, a substructural paraconsistent framework. What standard results, or analogues thereof, from the classical metatheory of first order logic(s) can be obtained? We reconstruct some of the originals proofs for Completeness, Löwenheim-Skolem and Compactness theorems in the context of a substructural logic with the naive comprehension schema. The main result is that paraconsistent metatheory can ‘re-capture’ versions of standard theorems, given suitable restrictions and background assumptions; but the shift to non-classical logic may recast the meanings of these apparently ‘absolute’ theorems.
Palliative care of older glioblastoma patients in neurosurgery
Authors: Berthold Daniel , Carrasco Anna Pedrosa , Uhl Eberhard , Müller Heidi , Dumitrascu Rio , Sibelius Ulf , Hauch Holger
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The care of older neurosurgical patients at the end life is a particularly demanding challenge. Especially, the specific needs of very old patients with glioblastoma at the end of life are at risk of being deprived of adequate care.

Methods

Based on a narrative literature review, this article aims to explore key issues of the thematic intersection of geriatric glioblastoma patients, palliative care and neurosurgery.

Results and discussion

Four key issues were identified: patient-centeredness (need orientation and decision making), early palliative care, advance care planning, and multi-professionalism. Possible benefits and barriers are highlighted with regard to integrating these concepts into neurosurgery.

Conclusions

Palliative care complements neurosurgical care of geriatric glioblastoma multiforme patients to optimise care for this highly vulnerable category of patients.
Enhancing plant N uptake with biochar-based fertilizers: limitation of sorption and prospects
Authors: Rasse Daniel P. , Weldon Simon , Joner Erik J. , Joseph Stephen , Kammann Claudia I. , Liu Xiaoyu , O’Toole Adam , Pan Genxing , Kocatürk-Schumacher N. Pelin
Published: March 2022

Background

Biochar-based fertilizer products (BCF) have been reported to increase both crop yield and N-use efficiency. Such positive effects are often assumed to result from the slow-release of N adsorbed on BCF structures. However, a careful review of the literature suggests that actual mechanisms remain uncertain, which hampers the development of efficient BCF products.

Scope

Here, we aim at reviewing BCF mechanisms responsible for enhanced N uptake by plants, and evaluate the potential for further improvement. We review the capacity of biochar structures to adsorb and release N forms, the biochar properties supporting this effect, and the methods that have been proposed to enhance this effect.

Conclusions

Current biochar products show insufficient sorption capacity for the retention of N forms to support the production of slow-release BCFs of high enough N concentration. Substantial slow-release effects appear to require conventional coating technology. Sorption capacity can be improved through activation and additives, but currently not to the extent needed for concentrated BCFs. Positive effects of commercial BCFs containing small amount of biochar appear to result from pyrolysis-derived biostimulants. Our review highlights three prospects for improving N retention: 1) sorption of NH3 gas on specifically activated biochar, 2) synergies between biochar and clay porosities, which might provide economical sorption enhancement, and 3) physical loading of solid N forms within biochar. Beyond proof of concept, quantitative nutrient studies are needed to ascertain that potential future BCFs deliver expected effects on both slow-release and N use efficiency.
Radiomics-based prediction of two-year clinical outcome in locally advanced cervical cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Autorino Rosa , Gui Benedetta , Panza Giulia , Boldrini Luca , Cusumano Davide , Russo Luca , Nardangeli Alessia , Persiani Salvatore , Campitelli Maura , Ferrandina Gabriella , Macchia Gabriella , Valentini Vincenzo , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Manfredi Riccardo
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to determine if radiomics features extracted from staging magnetic resonance (MR) images could predict 2-year long-term clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).

Materials and methods

We retrospectively enrolled patients with LACC diagnosis who underwent NACRT followed by radical surgery in two different institutions.

Radiomics features were extracted from pre-treatment 1.5 T T2w MR images.

The predictive performance of each feature was quantified in terms of Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. Among the significant features, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to quantify the correlation among the different predictors. A logistic regression model was calculated considering the two most significant features at the univariate analysis showing the lowest PCC value.

The predictive performance of the model created was quantified out using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

A total of 175 patients were retrospectively enrolled (142 for the training cohort and 33 for the validation one).

1896 radiomic feature were extracted, 91 of which showed significance (p < 0.05) at the univariate analysis. The radiomic model showing the highest predictive value combined the features calculated starting from the gray level co-occurrence-based features. This model achieved an AUC of 0.73 in the training set and 0.91 in the validation set.

Conclusions

The proposed radiomic model showed promising performances in predicting 2-year overall survival before NACRT. Nevertheless, the observed results should be tested in larger studies with consistent external validation cohorts, to confirm their potential clinical use.
Estimation of Cadmium in Muscles of Five Freshwater Fish Species from Manzalah Lake, and Possible Human Risk Assessment of Fish Consumption (Egypt)
Authors: Abdel-Kader Heba H. , Mourad Mohamed H.
Published: March 2022

The Egyptian government devised a plan in 2016 to improve the unique ecological significance of northern lakes, which mentioned Manzalah Lake in the Egypt Vision 2030. In this regard, this study investigated cadmium (Cd) content in five freshwater fish species collected from Manzalah Lake in Egypt at 2018 by local fishermen. According to the findings, Clarias gariepinus recorded the highest concentration of Cd (1.40 ± 0.2 μg/g) and the lowest concentration was recorded in O. aureus (1.19 ± 0.2 μg/g). Cadmium contents of all species were largely above the permissible level of the Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) and Commission Regulation (EC). The estimated daily intake (EDI), the estimated weekly intake (EWI), and the percentages of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI %) values for Cd in the C. gariepinus > Sarotherodon galilaeus > Tilapia zillii > Oreochromis niloticus > Oreochromis aureus which consumed by children, teenagers, and adults were much higher than the PTWI values established by FAO/WHO. In addition, C. gariepinus consumed by children showed the highest value of the target hazard quotient (THQ) (5.83 a day or 40.81 a week) while O. aureus that ingested by adults showed the lowest level (1.06 a day or 7.42a week). The target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of C. gariepinus in children had the greatest level (2.21 × 10−3 a day or 1.55 × 10−2 a week), whereas O. aureus in adults had the lowest level of TCR (4 × 10−4 a day or 2.81 × 10−3 a week). THQs values of Cd in the five studied species were found higher than one. Moreover, TCRs values of Cd in the five species were exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency guideline USEPA permissible limits suggesting that a daily or weekly consumption of these species could lead to a high risk non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic for humans.
Evaluation and selection of green suppliers for papermaking enterprises using the interval basic probability assignment-based intuitionistic fuzzy set
Authors: Kang Xin , Xu Xiangjun , Yang Zaoli
Published: March 2022

With the vigorous development of the global economy, modern enterprises have agreed to implement green supply chain management. The evaluation and selection of green suppliers plays a vital role in successful green supply chain management. As a multi-attribute group decision-making green supplier selection problem, it is difficult to fully describe the evaluation factors using precise numerical values and classical fuzzy sets, so it cannot assist enterprise managers in making completely reasonable decisions. Therefore, this paper proposes a green supplier evaluation and selection method based on interval BPA-based intuitionistic fuzzy sets. First, build a green supplier evaluation index system based on the characteristics of the papermaking enterprise's suppliers. Then, the intuitionistic fuzzy number is used to express the indicators of the evaluator for each supplier, and the intuitionistic fuzzy information is integrated through the organic combination of the IIFWA integration operator and the structural entropy weight to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of the evaluator. Finally, the interval BPA-based intuitionistic fuzzy set method ranks the candidate suppliers and determines the best green supplier. Applying this method to the field of green supplier evaluation and selection can provide an effective method for enterprises to select suppliers scientifically and reasonably, which has practical reference value and practical significance.
Korea and the Fall of the Mongol Empire
Authors: Robinson David M.
Published: March 2022

Korea and the Fall of the Mongol Empire explores the experiences of the enigmatic and controversial King Gongmin of Goryeo, Wang Gi, as he navigated the upheavals of the mid-fourteenth century, including the collapse of the Mongol Empire and the rise of its successors in West, Central, and East Asia. Drawing on a wealth of Korean and Chinese sources and integrating East Asian and Western scholarship on the topic, David Robinson considers the single greatest geopolitical transformation of the fourteenth century through the experiences of this one East Asian ruler. He focuses on the motives of Wang Gi, rather than the major contemporary powers, to understand the rise and fall of empire, offering a fresh perspective on this period of history. The result is a more nuanced and accessible appreciation of Korean, Mongolian, and Chinese history, which sharpens our understanding of alliances across Eurasia.
A History of the Hausa Language
Authors: Newman Paul
Published: March 2022

With more than sixty million speakers across Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, and Ghana Hausa is one of the most widely spoken African languages. It is known for its rich phonology and complex morphological and verbal systems. Written by the world's leading expert on Hausa, this ground-breaking book is a synthesis of his life's work, and provides a lucid and comprehensive history of the language. It describes Hausa as it existed in former times and sets out subsequent changes in phonology, including tonology, morphology, grammar, and lexicon. It also contains a large loanword inventory, which highlights the history of Hausa's interaction with other languages and peoples. It offers new insights not only on Hausa in the past, but also on the Hausa language as spoken today. This book is an invaluable resource for specialists in Hausa, Chadic, Afroasiatic, and other African languages as well as for general historical linguists and typologists.
Auditing Corporate Surveillance Systems
Authors: Wagner Isabel
Published: March 2022

News headlines about privacy invasions, discrimination, and biases discovered in the platforms of big technology companies are commonplace today, and big tech's reluctance to disclose how they operate counteracts ideals of transparency, openness, and accountability. This book is for computer science students and researchers who want to study big tech's corporate surveillance from an experimental, empirical, or quantitative point of view and thereby contribute to holding big tech accountable. As a comprehensive technical resource, it guides readers through the corporate surveillance landscape and describes in detail how corporate surveillance works, how it can be studied experimentally, and what existing studies have found. It provides a thorough foundation in the necessary research methods and tools, and introduces the current research landscape along with a wide range of open issues and challenges. The book also explains how to consider ethical issues and how to turn research results into real-world change.
Using postal change-of-address data to predict second waves in infections near pandemic epicentres
Authors: Schulman Adam , Bhanot Gyan
Published: March 2022

We propose that postal Change-of-Address (CoA) data can be used to monitor/predict likely second wave caseloads in viral infections around urban epicentres. To illustrate the idea, we focus on the tri-state area consisting of New York City (NYC) and surrounding counties in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut States. NYC was an early epicentre of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, with a first peak in daily cases in early April 2020, followed by the second peak in May/June 2020. Using CoA data from the US Postal Service (USPS), we show that, despite a quarantine mandate, there was a large net movement of households from NYC to surrounding counties in the period April–June 2020. This net outward migration of households was strongly correlated with both the timing and the number of cases in the second peaks in Covid-19 cases in the surrounding counties. The timing of the second peak was also correlated with the distance of the county from NYC, suggesting that this was a directed flow and not random diffusion. Our analysis shows that CoA data is a useful method in tracking the spread of an infectious pandemic agent from urban epicentres.
Locating the Dark Triad in a Multidimensional Personality Space
Authors: Naor-Ziv Revital , Glicksohn Joseph , Aluja Anton
Published: March 2022

The Dark Triad traits of Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism should be clearly recognizable within a multidimensional personality space. Two such personality spaces were investigated in this study: HEXACO (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience); and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) space (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Activity, Sensation Seeking, and Aggressiveness). Our sample comprised 289 participants (137 males, 145 females, 7 unspecified) who completed these three questionnaires: HEXACO–60, ZKA-PQ/SF, and the SD3, assessing the Dark Triad. We reduced the dimensionality of each space to that of a 2D representation using Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). Three research questions guided the data analysis: (a) Do the HEXACO and ZKA-PQ SSA spaces conform to the structure of a radex? (b) Will these spaces remain invariant following the entry of the Dark Triad traits into the analyses? (c) Where will the Dark Triad traits be located in each SSA space? For ZKA-PQ space, the structure was clearly indicative of a radex, both prior to entering the Dark Triad traits into the analysis, and subsequent to this. Psychopathy and Machiavellianism were in close proximity in the Aggressiveness region; Narcissism was positioned at the common origin. In contrast, HEXACO space did not conform to a radex; furthermore, the presence of the Dark Triad traits distorts this 2D SSA space.
Importance of Hematite Self‐Reversal in Al‐Rich Soils Magnetostratigraphy: Revisiting the Damei Red Soil Sequence in the Bose Basin, Southern China
Authors: Liu Caicai , Qin Huafeng , Ferré Eric C. , Wang Wei , He Kuang , Deng Chenglong
Published: March 2022

Understanding the acquisition of chemical remagnetization that commonly takes place in sedimentary red beds is crucial not only to assess the stability of primary chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) but also to evaluate the impact of diagenesis on the paleomagnetic record. The inconsistency between the magnetostratigraphy and the 0.803 Ma age of tektites within the upper vermiculated unit of a red soil sequence (Damei) in southern China strongly suggests pervasive remagnetization. This remagnetization has previously been interpreted as a CRM lock‐in. However, our recent study suggests that the upper soil units of this section above the tektite‐bearing layer have experienced milder weathering than the underlying layer. It seems that CRM lock‐in has not completely overprinted the primary remanence of this section. To investigate the exact remagnetization mechanism, the magnetostratigraphy of the Damei sequence was revisited and the oriented samples were subjected to progressive thermal demagnetization up to 680°C (instead of 585°C in our previous study) by using a newly designed oven with ultralow magnetic field noise. The new demagnetization results for vermiculated and red clay samples document a high‐temperature (HT) remanence component above 630°C with some above 525°C, and a self‐reversal medium temperature (MT) component between 300 and 585°C. The magnetic polarities of most HT components are consistent with the tektite age. The self‐reversal MT component is carried by Al‐substituted hematite transformed from Al‐substituted maghemite. Self‐reversal likely occurred during the maghemite to hematite transformation process. Additional attention should be paid when using magnetostratigraphy to date highly weathered aluminum‐rich red sediments.
High‐Precision Vertical Movement and Three‐Dimensional Deformation Pattern of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Yanqiang , Zheng Zhijiang , Nie Jianliang , Chang Liu , Su Guangli , Yin Haiquan , Liang Hongbao , Pang Yajin , Chen Changyun , Jiang Zaisen , Bo Wanju
Published: March 2022

The Tibetan Plateau is characterized by high elevation and complex fault systems. High‐precision vertical movement data can provide important constraints for understanding the growth and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. We collected approximately 116,000 km of leveling data, 21 continuous GNSS data sets, and their connecting surveying data; we jointly processed these data using a Helmert joint adjustment method to acquire the high‐precision vertical velocity field of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. The primary results are as follows: (a) Vertical uplift is dominant on the southern, northeastern, and southeastern margins of the plateau, with uplift rate ranges of 2.0–3.0, 1.0–3.8, and 1.0–2.0 mm/yr, respectively; (b) Conspicuous subsidence is located along the southern portion of the Ganzi fault, with vertical rates ranging from −3.3 to −0.5 mm/yr; (c) Velocity profiles show that vertical deformation varies in different parts of the Tibetan Plateau, which is mostly accommodated by large strike‐slip and thrust faults, such as the Kunlun, Ganzi, and Longmenshan faults. Most of the surface uplift is accommodated by crustal shortening in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau; abrupt changes in vertical rates in eastern Tibet and the widely distributed surface subsidence of southeastern Tibet are consequences of crustal flow and gravitational collapse. Overall, the Tibetan Plateau is characterized by continuous deformation, with large spatial variations accommodated by complicated tectonic processes.
Structure of the Western Jaz Murian Forearc Basin, Southeast Iran, Revealed by Autocorrelation and Polarization Analysis of Teleseismic P and S Waves
Authors: Lan Haiqiang , Chen Ling , Chevrot Sebastien , Talebian Morteza , Wang Xu , Gao Yifan , Zhang Jianyong , Wu Zimu , Shokati Mehdi , Jiang Mingming , Ai Yinshuang , Hou Guangbing , Mao Mulin , Phạm Thanh‐Son , Xiao Wenjiao , Zhu Rixiang
Published: March 2022

The Jaz Murian Basin in Southeast Iran is a forearc basin that sits on top of the western Makran subduction zone. A recent seismic deployment inside the western Jaz Murian Basin documents extremely strong reverberations between the free surface and the top of the basement. These strong multiples, which hamper studies of deeper structures, carry precious information on the structure of the basin. Here we combine three independent measurements, including teleseismic P/S‐wave coda autocorrelations, P‐wave polarization analysis and receiver functions, to image the architecture of the western Jaz Murian Basin. The S‐wave velocity structure beneath each station is constrained by teleseismic P‐wave polarization analysis and a simple grid search method. In addition, both P‐ and S‐wave reflections are extracted to measure the Poisson's ratio and the thickness of sediments, in addition to P‐ and/or S‐wave velocities. We find that the sedimentary cover has an average thickness of ∼3 km with very low S‐wave velocities around 1.2 km/s. The estimated Vp/Vs ratios are relatively high between 2.23 and 2.52, suggesting that the western Jaz Murian Basin contains unconsolidated recently deposited sediments.
Perturbation of Boundary Conditions to Create Appropriate Ensembles for Regional Data Assimilation in Coastal Estuary Modeling
Authors: Matsuzaki Yoshitaka , Inoue Tetsunori
Published: March 2022

Regional data assimilation is conducted for a coastal estuary using the ensemble Kalman filter, real observation data from Ise Bay, Japan, and a simulation model called the Ise Bay Simulator. The applicability and robustness of the method are then examined. We also analyze the relationship between the boundary conditions, which add perturbations and the data assimilation results of water temperature and salinity. A method of creating an ensemble by perturbing three boundary conditions (atmospheric forcing, lateral boundary conditions [open boundary conditions], and river discharge forcing) is then proposed. In situ water temperature and salinity profiles observed at fixed points are assimilated daily. The proposed assimilation method provides stable data assimilation without unnatural values for water temperature and salinity throughout the year. Further, applying a perturbation to the three boundary conditions does not lead to filter divergence, thus indicating good applicability and robustness, that is, applying a perturbation to the three boundary conditions does not degenerate the ensemble spread. According to a sensitivity experiment, perturbing the atmospheric boundary conditions of both air temperature and wind speed increases the ensemble spread of water temperature, especially near the surface layer. Wind speed has the greatest influence on the magnitude of the salinity ensemble spread, and its dominance depends on location. Perturbation of lateral boundary conditions increases the ensemble spread of water temperature and salinity at all water depths near the bay mouth, and the observations are effectively assimilated. Perturbation of river discharge forcing successfully assimilates water temperature and salinity near the estuary.
Development of Foreland Intracratonic Plateaus (Ozark Plateau and Appalachian Plateaus): A Consequence of Topographic Inversion Due To Erosion of Adjacent Fold‐Thrust Belts
Authors: Anders Alison M. , Lai Jingtao , Marshak Stephen
Published: March 2022

Unlike well‐known plateaus associated with Cenozoic orogens, the Appalachian and Ozark Plateaus of the eastern United States fringe the foreland side of a long inactive and deeply eroded orogen. These foreland intracratonic plateaus (FIPs), which are underlain by sub‐horizontal cratonic‐platform strata and, in places, foreland‐basin strata, now lie 0.5–1.2 km above sea level, notably higher than adjacent fold‐thrust belts. An escarpment lies at or near the boundary between the FIPs and the fold‐thrust belts. Why did the topographic inversion leading to the development of the FIPs take place? To address this question, we built a numerical model, using Landlab, to simulate how topography evolves as foreland lithosphere flexes upward when post‐tectonic erosion causes unloading. In this model, flat‐lying cap‐rock strata (sandstone and limestone) of the foreland have greater resistance to erosion than do the deformed, tilted, cleaved, and fractured strata of the fold‐thrust belt, especially where the fold‐thrust belt contains argillaceous facies. We tested the model by characterizing the development of the Ozark Plateau in the foreland of the Ouachita fold‐thrust belt. Results demonstrate that regional isostatic uplift due to erosion, given reasonable differences in resistance to erosion between the fold‐thrust belt and the foreland, can generate the observed topographic inversion and a distinct escarpment, yielding a plateau. This model may help explain the post‐Paleozoic evolution of the Catskill Mountains, the Deep Valleys Province, and the Cumberland Plateau, highlands which border the Appalachian fold‐thrust belt.
Topographically Scattered Infrasound Waves Observed on Microbarometer Arrays in the Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Bird E. J. , Lees J. M. , Kero J. , Bowman D. C.
Published: March 2022

When an acoustic wave strikes a topographic feature, some of its energy is scattered. Sensors on the ground cannot capture these scattered signals when they propagate at high angles. We report observations of upwardly‐scattered acoustic waves prior to refraction back to the ground, intercepting them with a set of balloon‐borne infrasound microbarometers in the lower stratosphere over northern Sweden. We show that these scattered waves generate a coda whose presence can be related to topography beneath balloons and low‐altitude acoustic ducts. The inclination of the coda signals changes systematically with time, as expected from waves arriving from scatterers successively closer to receivers. The codas are present when a temperature inversion channels infrasound from a set of ground chemical explosions along the ground, but are absent following the inversion's dissipation. Since scattering partitions energy away from the main arrival, these observations imply a mechanism of amplitude loss that had previously been inaccessible to measurement. As such, these data and results allow for a better comprehension of interactions between atmospheric infrasound propagation and the solid earth.
Ethnic markers and the emergence of group-specific norms: an experiment
Authors: Ozaita Juan , Baronchelli Andrea , Sánchez Angel
Published: March 2022

Visible markers are an important factor in social interactions. Some researchers have argued that one of their roles is to promote cooperation, but models designed to address this issue have yielded contradictory results. Here we present an experimental study of the effect of visible markers on the emergence of social norms where human subjects play a binary coordination game. Our results do not show different, marker-dependent behaviors. Instead, in practically all sessions participants achieved a global equilibrium disregarding the markers. Our findings suggest that simple markers may have a limited role in promoting the emergence of group-dependent social norms and call for further research investigating the role of markers in more sophisticated social settings.
SWATH-MS identification of CXCL7, LBP, TGFβ1 and PDGFRβ as novel biomarkers in human systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Graham R. L. J. , McMullen A. A. , Moore G. , Dempsey-Hibbert N. C. , Myers B. , Graham C.
Published: March 2022

Mastocytosis is a rare myeloproliferative disease, characterised by accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in one or several organs. It presents as cutaneous or systemic. Patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis have a median survival of 3.5 years. The aetiology of mastocytosis is poorly understood, patients present with a broad spectrum of varying clinical symptoms that lack specificity to point clearly to a definitive diagnosis. Discovery of novel blood borne biomarkers would provide a tractable method for rapid identification of mastocytosis and its sub-types. Moving towards this goal, we carried out a clinical biomarker study on blood from twenty individuals (systemic mastocytosis: n = 12, controls: n = 8), which were subjected to global proteome investigation using the novel technology SWATH-MS. This identified several putative biomarkers for systemic mastocytosis. Orthogonal validation of these putative biomarkers was achieved using ELISAs. Utilising this workflow, we identified and validated CXCL7, LBP, TGFβ1 and PDGF receptor-β as novel biomarkers for systemic mastocytosis. We demonstrate that CXCL7 correlates with neutrophil count offering a new insight into the increased prevalence of anaphylaxis in mastocytosis patients. Additionally, demonstrating the utility of SWATH-MS for the discovery of novel biomarkers in the systemic mastocytosis diagnostic sphere.
HIV-reservoir size is not affected either by HCV coinfection or by direct acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy
Authors: Álvarez Beatriz , Navarrete-Muñoz María A. , Briz Veronica , Olmedillas-López Susana , Nistal Sara , Cabello Alfonso , Prieto Laura , Górgolas Miguel , García-Arranz Mariano , Benito José M. , Rallón Norma
Published: March 2022

The role of HCV on the HIV reservoir is controversial since the reduction on HIV-DNA levels after HCV eradication with IFNα/RBV treatment seems to be the result of drugs instead of HCV clearance. We assessed whether HCV eradication can decrease HIV-DNA content in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with direct-acting antivirals, DAAs (IFNα/RBV-free regimens). Cell-associated HIV-DNA was measured by ddPCR in 25 HIV-monoinfected and 25 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. There were no differences in HIV-DNA levels between groups neither at baseline nor at 12 weeks after DAAs treatment completion. Our results indicate that HCV does not appear to influence the HIV reservoir size and suggest the lack of an anti-HIV action for DAAs.
Self-guided quantum state tomography for limited resources
Authors: Ahmad Syed Tihaam , Farooq Ahmad , Shin Hyundong
Published: March 2022

Quantum state tomography is a process for estimating an unknown quantum state; which is innately probabilistic. The exponential growth of unknown parameters to be estimated is a fundamental difficulty in realizing quantum state tomography for higher dimensions. Iterative optimization algorithms like self-guided quantum tomography have been effective in robust and accurate ascertaining a quantum state even with exponential growth in Hilbert space. We propose a faster convergent simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm which is more practical in a resource-deprived situation for determining the underlying quantum states by incorporating the Barzilai–Borwein two-point step size gradient method with minimal loss of accuracy.
Capillary bridges between unsaturated nano-mineral particles: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Ouyang Yubing , Chen Shujian , Sagoe-Crentsil Kwesi , Duan Wenhui
Published: March 2022

We investigated the dynamic formation process of capillary bridges and visualised the distribution of water molecules in the capillary bridges.
Molecular crystals vs. superatomic lattice: a case study with superalkali-superhalogen compounds
Authors: Sikorska Celina , Gaston Nicola
Published: March 2022

To develop an understanding of how superatomic molecular clusters interact in solids, [N4Mg6M][AlX4] binary assemblies have been studied. The relationship between lattice type, superatomic size, and electronic interaction has been established.
Metal-to-metal communication during the spin state transition of a [2 × 2] Fe(ii) metallogrid at equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium conditions
Authors: Velazquez-Garcia Jose de Jesus , Basuroy Krishnayan , Storozhuk Darina , Wong Joanne , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Henning Robert , Techert Simone
Published: March 2022

Crystallographic methods were used to capture the elastic communication between metal centres of a [2 × 2] grid-like complex during the spin transition triggered by temperature and light.
Columnar liquid crystals as stability enhancing hole transport layers for Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite optoelectronics
Authors: Ain Qurat ul , Siddique Sumera , Ali Shahzad Akhtar , Ahmed Hasan , Khan Mohsin , Saleem Murtaza , Rehman Habib ur , Ulhaq Ata , Khan Ammar A.
Published: March 2022

The stability of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite (RPP) films is studied. A triphenylene discotic liquid crystal is compared with spiro-OMeTAD as an alternative hole transport layer. Results show improvement in the stability of the RPPs.
The miR-4732-5p/XPR1 axis suppresses the invasion, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/Snail pathway
Authors: Hu Yaqiong , Bai Jun , Zhou Dandan , Zhang Liping , Chen Xinlu , Chen Lin , Liu Yuqing , Zhang Baogang , Li Hongli , Yin Chonggao
Published: March 2022

Schematic diagram of the miR-4732-5p/XPR1 axis regulatory mechanism in LUAD.
An unprecedented fully reduced {MoV60} polyoxometalate: from an all-inorganic molecular light-absorber model to improved photoelectronic performance
Authors: Li Xue-Xin , Ji Tuo , Gao Jun-Yang , Chen Wei-Chao , Yuan Ye , Sha Hao-Yan , Faller Roland , Shan Guo-Gang , Shao Kui-Zhan , Wang Xin-Long , Su Zhong-Min
Published: March 2022

An unprecedented fully reduced {MoV60} POM served as a cheap and robust molecular light-absorber model possessing wide light absorption and was applied to build a co-sensitized solar cell photoelectronic device.
Development of a novel porous cobalt, phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbonaceous coating by phosphiding ZIF-67 grown on nitinol fiber for selective solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples
Authors: Du Junliang , Zhang Rong , Wang Feifei , Du Xinzhen
Published: March 2022

This work presents a facile strategy for controllable transformation and fabrication of a novel porous Co–P–NC coating on NiTi wire substrate for selective preconcentration and determination of PAHs in water.
Self-assembled di- and tripeptide gels for the passive entrapment and pH-responsive, sustained release of an antidiabetic drug, glimepiride
Authors: Halder Moumita , Bhatia Yatin , Singh Yashveer
Published: March 2022

Self-assembled peptide gels have been developed from amino acids with inherent antioxidant properties, which provide the sustained release of antidiabetic drug, glimepiride, and protection against oxidative stress.
Towards depeptidized aminoboronic acid derivatives through the use of borylated iminium ions
Authors: Trudel Vincent , Brien Chelsey , Tan Joanne , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: March 2022

Herein, we use α-boryl iminium intermediates to access progressively depeptidized branched β-aminoboronic acids. We show the interaction of these compounds with carbohydrates and demonstrate their potential as synthetic building blocks.
A bottom-up design strategy for controllable self-assembly based on the isotropic double-well potential
Authors: Zhu Youyuan , Bai Yijun , Dong Hao , Wang Wei
Published: March 2022

To gain insight into how the interactions that are highly relevant to properties of materials affect the self-assembly, we designed various kinds of isotropic double-well potentials and simulated the motion of the particles.
Molecular recognition between bacterial phosphorothioate DNA and sulfur-binding domain (SBD): competition between the water cage and chalcogen-hydrophobic packet
Authors: Li Jiayi , Wan Haibo , Zhang Haoqing , Wang Xiao-Lei , Liu Guang , Wu Geng , He Xinyi , Deng Zixin , Zhao Yi-Lei
Published: March 2022

SBD protein recognizes phosphorothioate DNA via a pull-in/pull-out synergetic mechanism. PT-DNA prefers the chalcogen-bonding (ChB) and hydrophobic interactions inside while normal DNA hydrates better out of the protein.
Excited state dynamics of protonated dopamine: hydration and conformation effects
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Kasai Ken-Ichi , Yoshizawa Koki , Grégoire Gilles , Ishiuchi Shun-Ichi , Fujii Masaaki
Published: March 2022

Dramatic hydration effect in the photodynamics of protonated dopamine revealed by cold ion spectroscopy.
An advanced kinetic approach to the multistep thermal dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate under different heating and water vapor conditions: kinetic deconvolution and universal isoconversional analyses
Authors: Iwasaki Shun , Zushi Yuto , Koga Nobuyoshi
Published: March 2022

Different reaction pathways of thermal dehydration controlled by the bivariant of temperature and p(H2O) exhibit different kinetic features characterized by different temperature and p(H2O) dependences.
Functionalization of o-carboranes via carboryne intermediates
Authors: Qiu Zaozao , Xie Zuowei
Published: March 2022

Carborynes, 3D analogues of benzyne, are a class of very useful synthons for the synthesis of a large variety of functionalized carboranes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in this interesting research field.
Unimolecular dissociation dynamics of electronically excited HCO(Ã2A′′): rotational control of nonadiabatic decay
Authors: Sun Ge , Han Shanyu , Zheng Xianfeng , Song Yu , Qin Yuan , Dawes Richard , Xie Daiqian , Zhang Jingsong , Guo Hua
Published: March 2022

The photoinduced unimolecular decay of the electronically excited HCO(Ã2A′′) is investigated in a combined experimental–theoretical study.
Levulinic acid production from furfural: process development and techno-economics
Authors: Velaga Bharath , Peela Nageswara Rao
Published: March 2022

In this work, we developed a process to convert furfural/xylose to levulinic acid via a hydroxymethylation route in an energy effective microwave reactor. Detailed plant flow model, Sankey diagram and techno-economic analyses were performed.
Correction: Neptunium transition probabilities estimated through laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements
Authors: Andrews H. B. , Sadergaski L. R. , Myhre K. G.
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Neptunium transition probabilities estimated through laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements’ by H. B. Andrews et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1ja00423a.
A sulfur-doped Ni2P electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Yanxia , Chen Xiangping , Su Lirong , Wang Qingtao , Ren Shufang
Published: March 2022

The porous structure of a sulfur-doped Ni2P (S-Ni2P) electrocatalyst is used for the electrolysis of water for hydrogen evolution.
Unprecedented transformation from cyclized zwitterionic oxazolidine derivatives to corresponding non-zwitterionic aromatic amides via Vilsmeier reagent in a one-pot reaction: optical property and crystallography
Authors: SD Anwarhussaini , Mohitkar Anuradha , Jayanty Subbalakshmi
Published: March 2022

In situ formation of iminium intermediate in the conversion of zwitterionic oxazolidine derivatives to aromatic amides resulting in contrasting optical properties.
Synthesis of 3-substituted quinolines by ruthenium-catalyzed aza-Michael addition and intramolecular annulation of enaminones with anthranils
Authors: Yan Kelu , Liu Min , Wen Jiangwei , Liu Xiao , Wang Xiaoyu , Sui Xinlei , Shang Wenda , Wang Xiu
Published: March 2022

A method for the synthesis of 3-substituted quinolines by ruthenium-catalyzed aza-Michael addition and intramolecular annulation of enaminones with anthranils has been developed.
Synthesis of an iso-type graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction derived from oxamide and urea in molten salt for high-performance visible-light driven photocatalysis
Authors: Ashraful Islam Molla Md. , Katsumata Hideyuki , Furukawa Mai , Tateishi Ikki , Kaneco Satoshi
Published: March 2022

Thrice-modified g-C3N4with cyano groups and an asymmetric planar heptazine/triazine-based iso-type heterojunction structure (MOCN) exhibits significantly higher photocatalytic activity.
From truxenes to heterotruxenes: playing with heteroatoms and the symmetry of molecules
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Mech-Piskorz Justyna , Pietraszkiewicz Marek
Published: March 2022

As a result of the modification of truxene, we can change the electronic structure or create multidimensional materials. Thus, the use of truxenes is very wide.
Unveiling the intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions ofC,N-disubstituted nitrones from the molecular electron density theory perspective
Authors: Acharjee Nivedita , Mondal Asmita , Chakraborty Mrinmoy
Published: March 2022

The zwitterionic type intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrones show remarkable substituent effects and varying reactivities in the cases of cyclic and acyclic alkenes.
Enhanced room-temperature terahertz detection and imaging derived from anti-reflection 2D perovskite layer on MAPbI3 single crystals
Authors: Li Junyu , Zou Yousheng , Hu Dawei , Gu Yu , Han Zeyao , Liu Jiaxin , Xu Xiaobao
Published: March 2022

Room-temperature MAPbI3 SCs THz detectors are prepared based on thermoelectric effect. With anti-reflection 2D perovskite layers to suppress the THz reflection loss, and simultaneously provide an inclined energy level, the THz detection is enhanced.
H–F bond insertions into α-diazo carbonyl compounds
Authors: Munaretto Laiéli S. , Gallo Rafael D. C. , Leão Luiz Paulo M. O. , Jurberg Igor D.
Published: March 2022

A new protocol for the fluorination of various α-diazo carbonyl compounds is reported employing HF·pyr (Olah reagent). The method can be performed open-flask, is metal-free, and shows a broad scope.
Synthesis of a new chlorin photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against colon cancer
Authors: Chen Jianjiao , Chen Zhiqiang , Tan Litao , Yang Jie , Shen Lei , Deng Jun , Jiang Xin , Zou Dengfeng
Published: March 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows tremendous potential for the treatment of cancer due to its advantages of non-invasiveness and low systemic toxicity.
Molecularly resolved, label-free nucleic acid sensing at solid–liquid interface using non-ionic DNA analogues
Authors: Mana Tanushree , Kundu Jayanta , Lahiri Hiya , Bera Sudipta , Kolay Jayeeta , Sinha Surajit , Mukhopadhyay Rupa
Published: March 2022

Improved nucleic acid sensing in terms of single nucleobase mismatch discrimination, as achieved by the surface-confined non-ionic PNA and MO capture probes, is exemplified by single molecule force spectroscopy.
Identification, synthesis and characterization of avanafil process impurities and determination by UPLC
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Wu Xiaoxia , Yu Zengda , Sun Yunkai , Liu Zhao , Yuan Jinqiao , Liu Hu , Jin Yiping
Published: March 2022

Four process-related impurities of avanafil with a content of 0.29–1.63% were detected by the newly developed gradient UPLC.
Correction: Insight into the exemplary structural, elastic, electronic and optical nature of GaBeCl3 and InBeCl3: a DFT study
Authors: Shah Saima Ahmad , Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir , Sohail Mohammad , Khan Rajwali , Khan Abid Ali , Ullah Asad , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A. M. , Abdelbacki Ashraf M. M. , El-Sabrout Ahmed M. , Elansary Hosam O. , Khan Aurangzeb
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Insight into the exemplary structural, elastic, electronic and optical nature of GaBeCl3 and InBeCl3: a DFT study’ by Saima Ahmad Shah et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 8172–8177, DOI: 10.1039/D2RA00943A.
Reversible inhibition of the oxidase-like activity of Fe single-atom nanozymes for drug detection
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Huang Liang , Zhu Xinyang , Chen Jinxing , Chao Daiyong , Li Minghua , Wu Shuangli , Dong Shaojun
Published: March 2022

Inhibitory effects of paracetamol on the oxidase-like activity of Fe single-atom nanozymes.
Lithium insertion in hard carbon as observed by 7Li NMR and XRD. The local and mesoscopic order and their relevance for lithium storage and diffusion
Authors: Fang Yuan , Peuvot Kevin , Gratrex Alice , Morozov Evgeny V. , Hagberg Johan , Lindbergh Göran , Furó István
Published: March 2022

The storage mechanism of lithium in hard carbon was investigated by 7Li NMR and 2D-XRD methods. Lithium was found to fill disordered sites first and then fill the ordered sites of graphitic character arranged in a distinct mesoscopic order.
Design of high-performance antimony/MXene hybrid electrodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Arnold Stefanie , Gentile Antonio , Li Yunjie , Wang Qingsong , Marchionna Stefano , Ruffo Riccardo , Presser Volker
Published: March 2022

Hybrid electrodes of Ti3C2Tz and Sb combine the benefits of a 2D material with a high capacity. To obtain stable performance, it is necessary to optimize the electrode design of the hybrid material by varying the mass ratio and synthesis conditions.
Dynamic protein and polypeptide hydrogels based on Schiff base co-assembly for biomedicine
Authors: Sahajpal Kartik , Shekhar Shashank , Kumar Amit , Sharma Bhasha , Meena Mahendra Kumar , Bhagi Ajay Kumar , Sharma Shreya
Published: March 2022

Biomedical applications of Schiff base-linked protein and polypeptide hydrogels.