bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ceramic archaeometric studies in the Amazon and Caribbean regions: A review
Authors: Lozada‐Mendieta Natalia , Villagran Ximena S.
Published: June 2024

Archaeometry had a slow start in the study of Amazonian and Caribbean ceramics, practiced almost exclusively by professionals outside of the archaeology discipline, primarily geologists, physicists and chemists, but is now slowly gaining track among archaeologists. In this paper, we summarize the archaeometric research done in the last thirty years in ceramics from the Amazon and Caribbean regions, emphasizing its main questions, aims and future developments for archaeometry in Latin America. Archaeometric studies are a growing field of research and improve understanding of past networks, technological knowledge and cultural traditions.
Leveraging deep learning for detecting red blood cell morphological changes in blood films from children with severe malaria anaemia
Authors: Moysis Ezer , Brown Biobele J. , Shokunbi Wuraola , Manescu Petru , Fernandez‐Reyes Delmiro
Published: June 2024

In sub‐Saharan Africa, acute‐onset severe malaria anaemia (SMA) is a critical challenge, particularly affecting children under five. The acute drop in haematocrit in SMA is thought to be driven by an increased phagocytotic pathological process in the spleen, leading to the presence of distinct red blood cells (RBCs) with altered morphological characteristics. We hypothesized that these RBCs could be detected systematically and at scale in peripheral blood films (PBFs) by harnessing the capabilities of deep learning models. Assessment of PBFs by a microscopist does not scale for this task and is subject to variability. Here we introduce a deep learning model, leveraging a weakly supervised Multiple Instance Learning framework, to Identify SMA (MILISMA) through the presence of morphologically changed RBCs. MILISMA achieved a classification accuracy of 83% (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [AUC] of 87%; precision‐recall AUC of 76%). More importantly, MILISMA's capabilities extend to identifying statistically significant morphological distinctions (p < 0.01) in RBCs descriptors. Our findings are enriched by visual analyses, which underscore the unique morphological features of SMA‐affected RBCs when compared to non‐SMA cells. This model aided detection and characterization of RBC alterations could enhance the understanding of SMA's pathology and refine SMA diagnostic and prognostic evaluation processes at scale.
Leadership and discursive mobilizing of collective action in the Jonestown mass killing
Authors: Durrheim Kevin , Blackwood Leda
Published: June 2024

We study a transcript of discourse recorded on an open mic during the mass suicide/murder of 909 members of a religious community in Jonestown in 1978. The ‘Jonestown massacre’ is often cited in psychology textbooks as a warning example of how powerful situations and charismatic leaders can lead ordinary people to extreme and destructive behaviours. These accounts suggest that individuals lose control of reason and will such that their behaviour becomes subject to outside control. We develop an alternative explanation of the mass killing as identity‐based collective action. Our analysis shows how a shared understanding of the community's situation and the options available to them were constructed and contested in discourse. We demonstrate how Jim Jones served as impresario, entrepreneur and champion of identity, recognizing his followers' agency, initiating collective meaning‐making and mobilizing action. Jones engaged his followers in jointly constructing the situation as hopeless, developing a shared view of their situated social identity and collectively formulating the identity‐congruent solution of collective suicide as a hopeful act of collective agency. Our analysis points to the importance of addressing the conditions that sustain narratives of collective hopelessness and helping groups successfully choose non‐extremist pathways out of hopelessness.
How ingroup norms of multiculturalism (and tolerance) affect intergroup solidarity: The role of ideology
Authors: Long Feiteng , Çakmak Hakan
Published: June 2024

Multiculturalism and tolerance, as two sets of normative beliefs about how to deal with intergroup diversity, have been recognized as effective at reducing outgroup negativity among majority group members. However, whether majority group members' normative beliefs regarding them might motivate their solidarity‐based collective actions and how their political ideology might qualify this influence remained unclear. To answer these questions, we conducted two pre‐registered experimental studies (N = 626), both zooming in on the multiculturalism issues in the context of the relationships between native Dutch citizens and citizens with a Moroccan background within Dutch university campuses (Study 1) and broader Dutch society (Study 2). In both studies, we found an ingroup norm of tolerance (vs. control) undermined majority group members' engagement in collective actions in support of ethnic minorities. Additionally, ideological leftists were more sensitive to norms than rightists: Study 1 showed a facilitative effect of the multiculturalism norm (vs. control) on solidarity‐based collective action intentions particularly among leftists, whilst Study 2 revealed a dampening effect of the tolerance norm (vs. control) on these intentions particularly among leftists.
The microbiota in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Fu Chaowei , Zhang Yuwei , Liang Linghui , Lin Hao , Shan Kai , Liu Fengping , Feng Ninghan
Published: June 2024

Objective

To comprehensively review and critically assess the literature on microbiota differences between patients with interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and normal controls and to provide clinical practice guidelines.

Materials and methods

In this systematic review, we evaluated previous research on microbiota disparities between IC/BPS and normal controls, as well as distinctions among IC/BPS subgroups. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Relevant studies were shortlisted based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by quality assessment. The primary focus was identifying specific taxonomic variations among these cohorts.

Results

A total of 12 studies met the selection criteria. Discrepancies were adjudicated by a third reviewer. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Predominantly, the studies focused on disparities in urine microbiota between IC/BPS patients and normal controls, with one study examining gut microbiota differences between the groups, and two studies exploring vaginal microbiota distinctions. Unfortunately, analyses of discrepancies in other microbiota were limited. Our findings revealed evidence of distinct bacterial abundance variations, particularly involving Lactobacillus, alongside variations in specific metabolites among IC/BPS patients compared to controls.

Conclusions

Currently, there is evidence suggesting significant variations in the diversity and species composition of the urinary microbiota between individuals diagnosed with IC/BPS and control groups. In the foreseeable future, urologists should consider urine microbiota dysbiosis as a potential aetiology for IC, with potential clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Business model innovation for reducing uncertainty in sustainability transitions: A case study of the wood construction industry
Authors: Abadzhiev Andrey , Sukhov Alexandre , Johnson Mikael
Published: June 2024

Sustainability transitions are a significant challenge that requires established industries to adopt innovative ways of doing business. Research suggests that while this is possible through business model innovation (BMI), risk avoidance by regime actors and high levels of future uncertainty act as barriers to successful transitions. Specifically, we lack knowledge about how established companies innovate their business model (BM) to reduce uncertainty related to sustainability transitions. We explore the case of a large forest‐based manufacturing company in the construction industry, Stora Enso. We find that, by pursuing transformative BMI and combining multiple value creation logics, a company can reduce different types of uncertainty while shaping its business ecosystem towards more sustainable opportunities. We show that the BM can serve as an organizational tool for collectively exploring new knowledge, reducing uncertainty and driving change in a business ecosystem.
Tumor eradication by triplet therapy with BRAF inhibitor, TLR 7 agonist, and PD‐1 antibody for BRAF‐mutated melanoma
Authors: Nakamura Kenta , Yaguchi Tomonori , Murata Masashi , Ota Yosuke , Mikoshiba Asuka , Kiniwa Yukiko , Okuyama Ryuhei , Kawakami Yutaka
Published: June 2024

Programmed death 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 inhibitors are commonly used to treat various cancers, including melanoma. However, their efficacy as monotherapy is limited, and combination immunotherapies are being explored to improve outcomes. In this study, we investigated a combination immunotherapy involving an anti‐PD‐1 antibody that blocks the major adaptive immune‐resistant mechanisms, a BRAF inhibitor that inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, and multiple primary immune‐resistant mechanisms, such as cancer cell‐derived immunosuppressive cytokines, and a Toll‐like receptor 7 agonist that enhances innate immune responses that promote antitumor T‐cell induction and functions. Using a xenogeneic nude mouse model implanted with human BRAF‐mutated melanoma, a BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib was found to restore T‐cell‐stimulatory activity in conventional dendritic cells by reducing immunosuppressive cytokines, including interleukin 6, produced by human melanoma. Additionally, intravenous administration of the Toll‐like receptor 7 agonist DSR6434 enhanced tumor growth inhibition by vemurafenib through stimulating the plasmacytoid dendritic cells/interferon‐α/natural killer cell pathways and augmenting the T‐cell‐stimulatory activity of conventional dendritic cells. In a syngeneic mouse model implanted with murine BRAF‐mutated melanoma, the vemurafenib and DSR6434 combination synergistically augmented the induction of melanoma antigen gp100‐specific T cells and inhibited tumor growth. Notably, only triplet therapy with vemurafenib, DSR6434, and the anti‐PD‐1 antibody resulted in complete regression of SIY antigen‐transduced BRAF‐mutated melanoma in a CD8 T‐cell‐dependent manner. These findings indicate that a triple‐combination strategy targeting adaptive and primary resistant mechanisms while enhancing innate immune responses that promote tumor‐specific T cells may be crucial for effective tumor eradication.
Uncovering the Challenges and Needs of Chinese Adoptive Parents in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Anita Kit‐Wa , Fang Tevin Shuhan , Kwok Diana Kan
Published: June 2024

Adoptive parenting is a lifelong process. Adoptive parents face unique challenges at different stages of parenting, which require proper recognition, specialised support and sustained services. However, social stigma against infertility and adoption in Asian societies, including Hong Kong, has rendered the lived experiences of adoptive parents almost invisible. To address this knowledge gap, the current qualitative study drew on in‐depth interviews with 23 Chinese parents from 14 families (including nine couples, three wives, one single mother and one divorced mother) with school‐age adoptees aged 6–17. Adopting a biographical approach, we collected their experiences from their adoption decision to their current stage of parenting. Their narratives revealed that Chinese adoptive parents in Hong Kong, despite their resourcefulness and commitment, encounter challenges throughout the adoption process, including family misunderstandings, lack of adoption leave, struggles related to discipline, difficulties with adoptees with special learning needs and the prevalence of cultural devaluation. Our findings contribute to and have implications for research and adoption services and policies.
Unraveling GRIA1 neurodevelopmental disorders: Lessons learned from the p.(Ala636Thr) variant
Authors: Tvergaard Nicolai Kohring , Tkemaladze Tinatin , Stödberg Tommy , Kvarnung Malin , Tatton‐Brown Katrina , Baralle Diana , Tümer Zeynep , Bayat Allan
Published: June 2024

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), specifically α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs), play a crucial role in orchestrating excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. AMPARs are intricate assemblies of subunits encoded by four paralogous genes: GRIA1‐4. Functional studies have established that rare GRIA variants can alter AMPAR currents leading to a loss‐ or gain‐of‐function. Patients affected by rare heterozygous GRIA variants tend to have family specific variants and only few recurrent variants have been reported. We deep‐phenotyped a cohort comprising eight unrelated children and adults, harboring a recurrent and well‐established disease‐causing GRIA1 variant (NM_001114183.1: c.1906G>A, p.(Ala636Thr)). Recurrent symptoms included motor and/or language delay, mild–severe intellectual disability, behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities, hypotonia and epilepsy. We also report challenges in social skills, autonomy, living and work situation, and occupational levels. Furthermore, we compared their clinical manifestations in relation to those documented in patients presenting with rare heterozygous variants at analogous positions within paralogous genes. This study provides unprecedented details on the neurodevelopmental outcomes, cognitive abilities, seizure profiles, and behavioral abnormalities associated with p.(Ala636Thr) refining and broadening the clinical phenotype.
New kinase‐deficient PAK2 variants associated with Knobloch syndrome type 2
Authors: Schnur Rhonda E. , Dvořáček Lukáš , Kalsner Louisa , Shapiro Faye L. , Grebeňová Dana , Yanni Diana , Wasserman Barry N. ,   VIGOR, Dyer Lisa M. , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Kuželová Kateřina
Published: June 2024

The p21‐activated kinase (PAK) family of proteins regulates various processes requiring dynamic cytoskeleton organization such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Among the six members of the protein family, PAK2 is specifically involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, or the development of endothelial cells. We report a novel de novo heterozygous missense PAK2 variant, p.(Thr406Met), found in a newborn with clinical manifestations of Knobloch syndrome. In vitro experiments indicated that this and another reported variant, p.(Asp425Asn), result in substantially impaired protein kinase activity. Similar findings were described previously for the PAK2 p.(Glu435Lys) variant found in two siblings with proposed Knobloch syndrome type 2 (KNO2). These new variants support the association of PAK2 kinase deficiency with a second, autosomal dominant form of Knobloch syndrome: KNO2.
Exploring patients' needs and expectations for information on sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Brissette Vincent , Monton Olivia , Demian Marie , Al Busaidi Nasra , Moon Jeongyoon , Sabboobeh Sarah , Vasilevsky Carol‐Ann , Rajabiyazdi Fateme , Boutros Marylise
Published: June 2024

Aim

Sexual dysfunction is an important, and often overlooked, sequela of rectal cancer treatment with significant implications for patients' quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore patients' information needs regarding sexual health after rectal cancer treatment and their experiences accessing information on sexual dysfunction throughout the cancer care continuum. The secondary aim was to explore surgeons' perspectives on patients' information needs and gain insight into their experiences providing information on sexual health following rectal cancer surgery.

Method

A qualitative study was conducted using semistructured interviews with 10 rectal cancer survivors and six colorectal surgeons from a Canadian tertiary care institution. Transcribed interviews were coded independently by two researchers and thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Analysis of patient interviews revealed that patients had limited knowledge of sexual dysfunction symptoms following rectal cancer treatment and received inadequate information on sexual dysfunction from their treating medical team. Patients expressed the desire to receive information on sexual dysfunction in different formats, especially before the start of treatment. The surgeon interviews revealed that colorectal surgeons faced challenges when informing patients about sexual dysfunction. Surgeons did not routinely provide information on sexual dysfunction to all patients; however, they felt that patients should receive high‐quality information on sexual dysfunction, both before and after treatment.

Conclusion

Patients' information needs related to sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment were inadequately met. High‐quality informational resources are needed to facilitate communication between patients and physicians and improve patients' understanding of sexual dysfunction.
A novel feature integration method for named entity recognition model in product titles
Authors: Sun Shiqi , Li Jingyuan , Zhang Kun , Sun Xinghang , Cen Jianhe , Wang Yuanzhuo
Published: June 2024

Entity recognition of product titles is essential for retrieving and recommending product information. Due to the irregularity of product title text, such as informal sentence structure, a large number of professional attribute words, a large number of unrelated independent entities of various combinations, the existing general named entity recognition model is limited in the e‐commerce field of product title entity recognition. Most of the current studies focus on only one of the two challenges instead of considering the two challenges together. Our approach proposes NEZHA‐CNN‐GlobalPointer architecture with the addition of label semantic network, and uses multigranularity contextual and label semantic information to fully capture the internal structure and category information of words and texts to improve the entity recognition accuracy. Through a series of experiments, we proved the efficiency of our approach over a dataset of Chinese product titles from JD.com, improving the F1‐value by 5.98%, when compared to the BERT‐LSTM‐CRF model on the product title corpus.
Molecular identification of HLA‐B75 serotype markers by qPCR: A more inclusive pharmacogenetic approach before carbamazepine prescription
Authors: Jaruthamsophon Kanoot , Sangmanee Pornsiri , Plong‐on Oradawan , Charalsawadi Chariyawan , Sukasem Chonlaphat , Hnoonual Areerat
Published: June 2024

Genetic screening for HLA‐B*15:02 before prescribing carbamazepine is standard practice to prevent severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Asian populations. These reactions are associated not only with this allele but also with closely related HLA‐B75 serotype markers—HLA‐B*15:11 and HLA‐B*15:21—which are prevalent in several Asian countries. However, a reliable method for identifying HLA‐B75 serotype markers is still not available. We developed an in‐house quantitative PCR (qPCR) for HLA‐B75 screening and validated it using 303 anonymized DNA samples. Due to inadequate quality control, the qPCR results for 11 samples were excluded. We analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of the test using 93 HLA‐typed samples. The concordance between the qPCR method and an established screening method was assessed using 199 HLA‐screened samples tested for HLA‐B*15:02 at Songklanagarind Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand. All discordant results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The qPCR method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval = 83.16%–100.00%) and a specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval = 95.07%–100.00%). Concordance analysis revealed a 96.5% agreement between methods (192/199; 44 positive and 148 negative results). All discordant results were due to HLA‐B75 markers not being HLA‐B*15:02 (two samples with HLA‐B*15:11 and five samples with HLA‐B*15:21). In conclusion, this qPCR method could be useful for identifying HLA‐B75 carriers at risk of carbamazepine‐induced reactions in Asian populations where carriers of HLA‐B*15:02, HLA‐B*15:11, or HLA‐B*15:21 are common.
Rotation from methadone to buprenorphine using a micro‐dosing regime in patients with opioid use disorder and serious mental illness: A case series
Authors: Praeger Vivian C. , Frei Matthew Y. , Pham Dan , Praeger Adrian J. , Lubman Dan I. , Arunogiri Shalini
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Inducting buprenorphine from methadone has traditionally involved initial opioid withdrawal, with risk of mental state deterioration in patients with serious mental illness (SMI). Micro‐dosing of buprenorphine, with small incremental doses, is a novel off‐label approach to transitioning from methadone and does not require a period of methadone abstinence. Given the limited literature about buprenorphine microdosing, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of inducting buprenorphine in a series of patients on methadone with SMI.

Methods

For this retrospective case series, we reviewed the records of 16 patients with SMI at a Melbourne addiction treatment centre, from January 2021 to July 2022, who transitioned via micro‐dosing, from high‐dose methadone (>30 mg) to buprenorphine and depot‐buprenorphine. Psychiatric diagnoses, mental state, other substance withdrawal, transfer success, transition time, opioid withdrawal symptoms and overall patient experience were collected via objective and subjective reporting.

Results

Methadone to buprenorphine transfer was completed by 88% of patients. Mental health measures remained stable with the exception of mildly increased anxiety. Median transfer time was 6.5 days for inpatients, 9 days for mixed setting and 10 days for outpatients. Most patients (93%) rated their experience ‘manageable’ reporting mild withdrawal symptoms. One patient met study criteria for precipitated withdrawal.

Discussion and Conclusions

This retrospective case series provides evidence that the use of a micro‐dosing buprenorphine induction for methadone to buprenorphine transitions, including to depot‐buprenorphine, has negligible risk, is tolerated by patients with SMI and is unlikely to precipitate an exacerbation of their mental illness.
Southern breeding populations drive declining migration distances in Arctic and subarctic geese
Authors: Curley Shannon R. , Ramírez‐Garofalo José R. , Allen Michael C.
Published: June 2024

Migration is a prevalent strategy among birds used to track seasonal resources throughout the year. Individual and population‐level migratory movements provide insight to life‐history variation, carry‐over effects, and impacts of climate change. Our understanding of how geographic variation in a species' breeding or wintering grounds can impact migration distances is limited. However, changes in migration distances can have important fitness consequences for individuals and conservation implications for populations, particularly if migratory connectivity is altered during the annual cycle. In this study, we use three decades of data from the United States Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory for six migratory species of Arctic and subarctic breeding geese. We employ a Bayesian hierarchical framework to test if the distance between breeding and wintering locations has changed over time, while accounting for the latitude of the breeding grounds. A model that included only a temporal trend estimated the average rate of change in migration distance, across all six species, at −3.0 km/year over the period 1990–2019. Five of the six species showed a significant decrease in migration distances. Including an interaction effect with breeding latitude revealed that the reduction in migration distance was strongest in the southernmost populations for four of the six species. For those species, migration distance in northern populations were all either relatively unchanged or increasing. This indicates that southern breeding populations of geese had a stronger association with the observed spatiotemporal changes in wintering ranges, potentially influenced by a combination of climatic and biotic factors (e.g. resource availability or competitive interactions) that uniquely impact these populations. Abundant, long‐term banding data shows promise for use in illuminating changes in migratory patterns under climate change, leading to improved management and conservation outcomes, from regional to continental scales.
The Parkinson's Puzzle Box
Authors: Hussain‐Ali Shafaq , Alty Jane , Callisaya Michele
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Women and those with younger onset Parkinson's Disease (YOPD) are typically diagnosed later and face unique situations and challenges. This essay aims to raise awareness of the difficulties in diagnosing YOPD and the need for a personalised approach to care for women with YOPD.

Methods

Two professional women with YOPD (academic physiotherapist and practicing dentist) and a female neurologist (clinician academic) came together to write a narrative essay on their personal experience and perspectives in relation to women and YOPD.

Results

The essay outlines how the experience of diagnosis is likened to a complex puzzle box with many interlocking components that are hidden and difficult to solve. The concerns of the women about their identity, work, family and the future, with most supports targeting those that are older and retired are outlined.

Conclusion

It is concluded that YOPD is a complex puzzle to solve, but can be done by understanding all the intricate interlocking components of the puzzle and combined with greater awareness could lead to earlier diagnosis and the delivery of successful person‐centred care.

Patient or Public Contribution

People with lived experience were involved in the essay conception and writing.
Acceptability of Using a Decision Aid to Support Family Carers of People With Dementia Towards the End of Life: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Davies Nathan , Aker Narin , West Emily , Rait Greta , Sampson Elizabeth L.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To explore the experiences, acceptability and utility of a decision aid for family carers of people with dementia towards the end of life.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with a sample of family carers enroled into a 6‐month feasibility study in England, sampling to gain a range of experiences and views, based on relationship to person they cared for (e.g., spouse, adult child), age, gender, and self‐reported use of the decision aid during the feasibility study. Interviews were conducted in March 2021–July 2021 and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. We used COREQ checklist to report our methods and results.

Results

Family carers found the decision aid acceptable, describing it as comprehensive, accessible with relevant information and its presentation enabled good engagement. Experiences of the decision aid covered four main themes which demonstrated the perceived acceptability and utility: 1. A source of support and reassurance; 2. Empowering conversations and confidence; 3. Including the person living with dementia; and 4. Breaking down complexity.

Conclusions

An aid focussing on decisions about dementia end of life care supported family carers break down complex and emotive decisions, not only with making decisions in the moment but also in future planning.

Patient or Public Contribution

Our three Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) members (all former family carers) were crucial throughout the wider study. PPI supported development of the topic guides, supported trialling the topic guide and interview procedures and finally supported the development of themes as part of the analysis.
The spectrum of oestrogen receptor expression in endometrial carcinomas of no specific molecular profile
Authors: Alafraidi Mona , Hoang Lynn , Howitt Brooke E. , Longacre Teri A. , McAlpine Jessica N. , Jamieson Amy , Singh Naveena , Gilks C Blake , Pors Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Aims

Decreased oestrogen receptor (ER) expression is a marker of poor prognosis in endometrial carcinomas (EC) of no specific molecular profile (NSMP), but the optimal cut‐off to separate high‐risk ‘low ER’ versus low‐risk ‘high ER’ expression has not been defined. Here we characterised the distribution of ER staining in a cohort of ECs.

Methods and results

Biopsy specimens from 120 cases of NSMP EC were stained for ER and assigned an Allred score. In 66 additional cases ER staining of matched biopsy and hysterectomy were compared. Twelve of 120 tumours had an Allred score of 0–3, including three endometrioid carcinomas (EEA) (one G1, two G3), four clear cell carcinomas (CCC), two mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma (MLA) and one each of: gastric‐type adenocarcinoma, carcinosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma NOS. Three had Allred scores of 4–5: two MLA and one high‐grade carcinoma with yolk sac differentiation. Five had Allred scores of 6: four EEA (one G1, one G2, two G3) and one mixed clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma. The remaining 100 tumours with Allred scores ≥ 7 were all EEA (66 G1, 28 G2, five G3 and one grade unknown). Comparing the biopsy versus hysterectomy ER staining (n = 66), the results were within a single Allred score point, except two cases with strong diffuse expression in the biopsy (Allred 8) and moderate expression in the hysterectomy (Allred 5).

Conclusions

Most NSMP ECs (> 80%) show high ER expression (Allred score ≥ 7). All non‐endometrioid carcinomas and a few endometrioid carcinomas had lower ER expression (Allred score ≤ 6) or were completely negative.
Morphoea presenting histopathologically as mycosis fungoides: an illustrative series of four cases
Authors: Kazmi Ahmed , Feuerhake Teo , Zidan Anoud , Frewen John , Carmichael Andrew , Ross Janet , Orteu Catherine H , Calonje Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Aims

There have been exceptional reports of morphoea presenting with epidermal changes overlapping histopathologically with cutaneous T cell lymphoma of the mycosis fungoides type (MF). This phenomenon gives rise to an ambiguous clinicopathological scenario in which distinguishing these conditions may be challenging. The aim of this study is to characterise the clinical, histopathological and molecular findings of this phenomenon through a case series.

Methods and results

Four patients with classical clinical presentation of morphoea but unusual histopathology displaying typical findings of morphoea, together with intra‐epidermal CD8 positive lymphocytes indistinguishable from MF, were identified. The clinical phenotypes of morphoea were varied, and they all presented early in the active phase of the disease. They all exhibited intra‐epidermal lymphocytes with tagging and cytological atypia. Pautrier‐like microabscesses were also seen. Using molecular analysis, two cases showed clonal TCR gene rearrangement. Follow‐up of all cases has been consistent with classical morphoea.

Conclusion

Early morphoea can seldom present with atypical clonal intra‐epidermal lymphocytes indistinguishable from MF. The fact that these changes can occur in several different clinical subtypes of morphoea raises the possibility that this could be a pattern of inflammation in early disease more common than currently appreciated.
Long‐term clinical impact of early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia after cryoballoon ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Park Jinsun , Cha Myung‐Jin , Kwon Chang Hee , Cho Min Soo , Nam Gi‐Byoung , Oh Il‐Young , Lee So‐Ryoung , Kim Ju Youn , Lee Sung Ho , Park Junbeom , Kim Ki‐Hun , Yang Pil‐Sung , Kim Jun Hyung , Shim Jaemin , Lim Hong Euy
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The impact of early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ERAT) within the 90‐day blanking period on long‐term outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is controversial. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ERAT and late recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (LRAT) post‐CBA.

Methods

Utilizing data from a multicenter registry in Korea (May 2018 to June 2022), we analyzed the presence and timing of ERAT (<30, 30–60, and 60–90 days) and its association with LRAT risk after CBA. LRAT was defined as any recurrence of AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting more than 30 s beyond the 90 days.

Results

Out of 2636 patients, 745 (28.2%) experienced ERAT post‐CBA. Over an average follow‐up period of 21.2 ± 10.3 months, LRAT was observed in 874 (33.1%) patients. Patients with ERAT had significantly lower 1‐year LRAT freedom compared to those without ERAT (42.6% vs. 85.5%, p < .001). Multivariate analysis identified ERAT as a potential predictor of LRAT, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.47–4.57). Significant associations were noted across all examined time frames (HR, 3.84; 95% CI, 3.32–4.45 in <30 days, HR, 5.53; 95% CI, 4.13–7.42 in 30–60 days, and HR, 4.29; 95% CI, 3.12–5.89 in 60–90 days). This finding was consistently observed across all types of AF.

Conclusion

ERAT during the 90‐day blanking period strongly predicts LRAT in AF patients undergoing CBA, indicating a need to reconsider the clinical significance of this period.
Altered counts and mitochondrial mass of peripheral blood leucocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zhou Ruo‐Ran , Song Ya‐Hui , Xu Cheng‐Yu , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Wu Xiang‐Wei , Zhang Lu , Luo Xi‐Ni , Zhao Han , Liu Ming‐Ming , Xu Jun‐Chi , Wang Lin , Chen Zu‐Tao , Han Qing‐Zhen
Published: June 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) damages liver cells through abnormal immune responses. Mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for effector functions of white blood cells (WBCs). The aim was to investigate the altered counts and mitochondrial mass (MM) of WBCs by two novel indicators of mitochondrial mass, MM and percentage of low mitochondrial membrane potential, MMPlow%, due to chronic HBV infection. The counts of lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes in the HBV infection group were in decline, especially for lymphocyte (p = 0.034) and monocyte counts (p = 0.003). The degraded MM (p = 0.003) and MMPlow% (p = 0.002) of lymphocytes and MM (p = 0.005) of monocytes suggested mitochondrial dysfunction of WBCs. HBV DNA within WBCs showed an extensive effect on mitochondria metabolic potential of lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes indicated by MM; hepatitis B e antigen was associated with instant mitochondrial energy supply indicated by MMPlow% of neutrophils; hepatitis B surface antigen, antiviral therapy by nucleos(t)ide analogues and prolonged infection were also vital factors contributing to WBC alterations. Moreover, degraded neutrophils and monocytes could be used to monitor immune responses reflecting chronic liver fibrosis and inflammatory damage. In conclusion, MM combined with cell counts of WBCs could profoundly reflect WBC alterations for monitoring chronic HBV infection. Moreover, HBV DNA within WBCs may be a vital factor in injuring mitochondria metabolic potential.
Whole‐genome analysis reveals phylogenetic and demographic history of Eurasian perch
Authors: Lichman Vitalii , Ozerov Mikhail , López María‐Eugenia , Noreikiene Kristina , Kahar Siim , Pukk Lilian , Burimski Oksana , Gross Riho , Vasemägi Anti
Published: June 2024

The contemporary diversity and distribution of species are shaped by their evolutionary and ecological history. This can be deciphered with the help of phylogenetic and demographic analysis methods, ideally combining and supplementing information from mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. In this study, we investigated the demographic history of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), a highly adaptable teleost with a distribution range across Eurasia. We combined whole‐genome resequencing data with available genomic resources to analyse the phylogeny, phylogeography, and demographic history of P. fluviatilis populations from Europe and Siberia. We identified five highly diverged evolutionary mtDNA lineages, three of which show a strong signal of admixture in the Baltic Sea region. The estimated mean divergence time between these lineages ranged from 0.24 to 1.42 million years. Based on nuclear genomes, two distinct demographic trajectories were observed in European and Siberian samples reflecting contrasting demographic histories ca. 30,000–100,000 years before the present. A comparison of mtDNA and nuclear DNA evolutionary trees and AMOVA revealed concordances, as well as incongruences, between the two types of data, most likely reflecting recent postglacial colonization and hybridization events. Overall, our findings demonstrate the power and usefulness of genome‐wide information for delineating historical processes that have shaped the genome of P. fluviatilis. We also highlight the added value of data‐mining existing transcriptomic resources to complement novel sequence data, helping to shed light on putative glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization routes.
Detection of AFB1 in corn by MXene paper‐based unlabeled aptasensor
Authors: Wang Chengquan , Gu Chengdong , Rong yanna , Zhao Xin , Qian Lu , Liu Mengting , Huang Xingyi , Qian Jing
Published: June 2024

In this work, a paper‐based electrochemical aptamer sensor was developed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using a combination of MXene–Ti3C2Tx and nucleic acid aptamers. The prepared single‐layer or few‐layer MXene suspension is suction‐filtered onto MXene paper, which is cut to prepare MXene electrodes. To accomplish AFB1 specific detection, an amino‐labeled AFB1 aptamer is mounted on the surface of the carboxy‐functionalized MXene electrode. When AFB1 is present, it particularly binds to the aptamer to form a 3D structure, reducing the efficiency of electron transmission on the sensor surface. The difference in impedance signal change at the electrode/electrolyte interface is used to quantify AFB1. The results indicated that the detection range is 0.05–100 ng/mL, the detection limit is 0.04 ng/mL, and the recovery rate of AFB1 in corn samples is 97.8%–111.52% with the optimal detection conditions. The MXene paper‐based label‐free aptasensor is versatile and can detect different targets by simply swapping out the aptamers of different targets. The sensor also has a wide range of applications in food analysis and environmental testing.

Practical applications

A paper‐based electrochemical aptamer sensor was developed to detect aflatoxin B1 using a combination of MXene–Ti3C2Tx and nucleic acid aptamers.The design is based on the preparation of MXene electrodes by pumping and filtering monolayer or multilayer MXene suspensions onto MXene paper and cutting.The MXene paper‐based label‐free aptamer sensor was designed to be versatile, allowing the detection of different targets by simply replacing the aptamer with one from a different targets.
Advancements and 4E + Q performance analyses in solar drying for maize kernels preservation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Asy‐Syaqiq Muhammad Anas , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Djaeni Mohamad , Prasetiyono Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko
Published: June 2024

The world's population is projected to increase, impacting a 60% rise in food production demand by 2050, including the demand for maize. Currently, maize production is estimated to reach 1510 million tons in 2023, necessitating suitable methods for preserving maize kernels to maintain quality and reduce post‐harvest agricultural losses. Although drying methods present a viable solution to address this issue, the majority of farmers in Indonesia still use conventional drying methods, such as open sun drying, which has several drawbacks. Hence, solar drying systems aim to overcome these limitations by harnessing renewable, clean, sustainable, and eco‐friendly energy to support the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This research comprehensively reviews the progress of solar drying technology, providing insights into its working principles, innovative designs, and operational modes across various types of solar dryers. The 4E + Q analysis provides information regarding the performance of solar drying systems, including energy analysis to determine the quantity of energy utilized and exergy analysis to demonstrate irreversibility in thermodynamic processes. Additionally, this analysis highlights environmental impacts such as CO2 emissions and mitigation efforts, while considering economic aspects through lifecycle assessment and payback period methods. The quality assessment of dried maize kernels according to the standards set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) is conducted, including proximate analysis, aflatoxin levels, color measurements, and internal cracking analysis.

Practical applications

Drying technology is essential for the food preservation process, enabling the maintenance of product quality and extending storage life by reducing the moisture content to eliminate the activities of microbial agents. The application of solar drying technology harnesses solar radiation as the primary energy source, making it well‐suited for crops like paddy, maize, cassava, etc. The development of solar dryers continues through modifications and the addition of auxiliary systems to achieve more efficient, economical, and sustainable technologies. The hope is that in the future, these technologies can be adopted by farmers on an industrial scale due to low operational costs, ease of operation, and controllable operating conditions. The methodological approach is necessary to evaluate the performance of solar dryers and the quality of dried products through a 4E + Q analysis, it provides information on energy consumption, exergy flow, economic considerations, environmental aspects, and quality assessments against national quality standards (SNI).
Green approaches for biofilm eradication: Enhancing cleaning efficiency
Authors: Mechmechani Samah , Jha Piyush Kumar , Karam Layal , Dallagi Heni
Published: June 2024

Cleaning up biocontamination from surfaces is a critical aspect of maintaining a hygienic environment. Traditional cleaning methods often fall short when it comes to eliminating persistent biofilms and resilient bacteria. In recent years, alternative approaches utilizing antibiofilm enzymes, bacteriophages, essential oils (EOs), antibacterial peptides, and biosurfactants have emerged as promising strategies to combat biocontamination. This article explores the efficiency of these agents in targeting and eradicating biofilms, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential applications. By leveraging the unique properties of these materials, we can enhance cleaning practices and improve public health outcomes by effectively eliminating biocontamination from various surfaces.
Antibiotics for delirium in older adults with pyuria or bacteriuria: A systematic review
Authors: Stall Nathan M. , Kandel Christopher , Reppas‐Rindlisbacher Christina , Quinn Kieran L. , Wiesenfeld Lesley , MacFadden Derek R. , Johnstone Jennie , Fralick Michael
Published: June 2024

Background

It is unclear whether antibiotics impact delirium outcomes in older adults with pyuria or bacteriuria in the absence of systemic signs of infection or genitourinary symptoms.

Methods

We registered our systematic review protocol with PROSPERO (CRD42023418091). We searched the Medline and Embase databases from inception until April 2023 for studies investigating the impact of antimicrobial treatment on the duration and severity of delirium in older adults (≥60 years) with pyuria (white blood cells detected on urinalysis or dipstick) or bacteriuria (bacteria growing on urine culture) and without systemic signs of infection (temperature > 37.9C [>100.2F] or 1.5C [2.4F] increase above baseline temperature, and/or hemodynamic instability) or genitourinary symptoms (acute dysuria or new/worsening urinary symptoms). Two reviewers independently screened search results, abstracted data, and appraised the risk of bias. Full‐text randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational study designs were included without restriction on study language, duration, or year of publication.

Results

We screened 984 citations and included 4 studies comprising 652 older adults (mean age was 84.6 years and 63.5% were women). The four studies were published between 1996 and 2022, and included one RCT, two prospective observational cohort studies, and one retrospective chart review. None of the four studies demonstrated a significant effect of antibiotics on delirium outcomes, with two studies reported a worsening of outcomes among adults who received antibiotics. The three observational studies included had a moderate or serious overall risk of bias, while the one RCT had a high overall risk of bias.

Conclusions

Our systematic review found no evidence that treatment with antibiotics is associated with improved delirium outcomes in older adults with pyuria or bacteriuria and without systemic signs of infection or genitourinary symptoms. Overall, the evidence was limited, largely observational, and had substantial risk of bias.
Physical pain among family caregivers to older adults: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Turner Shelbie G. , Pillemer Karl , Demetres Michelle , Heaney Kathleen , Joshi Sama , Luebke Matthew , Messay Gelila , Reid M. Carrington
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

Scholarship on the health of family caregivers to older adults continues to expand. Although existing research suggests that many family caregivers experience pain, which impacts their ability to perform caregiving tasks and is associated with care recipients' unmet needs, the scope of research on family caregivers' pain remains poorly characterized. We conducted a scoping review of research on pain among family caregivers to older adults to characterize existing evidence and identify knowledge gaps.

Methods

We searched multiple databases spanning from January 2012 to July 2023, identified eligible studies using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and extracted key data (e.g., study design/methodology, pain measurement, caregiver pain type, and major findings).

Results

We identified 46 eligible studies conducted in the United States (n = 19) and internationally (n = 27). Studies often focused on caregivers for older adults with specific health conditions, such as cancer (n = 11), dementia (n = 8), or stroke (n = 3). The most commonly employed pain measure was a single‐item dichotomous question about pain (n = 16), followed by a visual numeric or visual analog scale (n = 11). Nine studies (five randomized controlled trials) reported on five caregiver pain management interventions, including yoga/exercise programs and caregiver education programs.

Discussion

Existing research on family caregivers' pain offers an important foundation. However, more robust research designs are necessary. We identify possibilities for future studies in addition to opportunities for systematic investigations to support the family caregivers being relied upon to care for the increasing number of older adults.