bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bariatric Surgery and Longitudinal Cancer Risk
Authors: Lim Pei-Wen , Stucky Chee-Chee H. , Wasif Nabil , Etzioni David A. , Harold Kristi L. , Madura James A. , Ven Fong Zhi
Published: January 2024

Importance

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, with the obesity epidemic contributing to its steady increase every year. Recent cohort studies find an association between bariatric surgery and reduced longitudinal cancer risk, but with heterogeneous findings.

Observations

This review summarizes how obesity leads to an increased risk of developing cancer and synthesizes current evidence behind the potential for bariatric surgery to reduce longitudinal cancer risk. Overall, bariatric surgery appears to have the strongest and most consistent association with decreased incidence of developing breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. The association of bariatric surgery and the development of esophageal, gastric, liver, and pancreas cancer is heterogenous with studies showing either no association or decreased longitudinal incidences. Conversely, there have been preclinical and cohort studies implying an increased risk of developing colon and rectal cancer after bariatric surgery. A review and synthesis of the existing literature reveals epidemiologic shortcomings of cohort studies that potentially explain incongruencies observed between studies.

Conclusions and Relevance

Studies examining the association of bariatric surgery and longitudinal cancer risk remain heterogeneous and could be explained by certain epidemiologic considerations. This review provides a framework to better define subgroups of patients at higher risk of developing cancer who would potentially benefit more from bariatric surgery, as well as subgroups where more caution should be exercised.
The Effect of Interfacial Humidity on the Printing of Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells in the Air
Authors: Guo Shuaishuai , Fan Baojin , Yao Shengyi , Rao Li , Zhang Shaohua , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2024

Moisture is a double‐edged sword in the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films. In the presence of appropriate moisture in the air, grain boundaries are expected to merge neighboring grains, promoting the conversion of unreacted ions, resulting in large grains and pinhole‐free films. Adversely, excessive moisture can have detrimental effects on perovskite by damaging its crystalline structure. Controlling humidity precisely and removing excessive moisture from the interface is crucial to the printing of high‐quality and reproducible films in the air, which will undoubtedly promote the rapid commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a method for high‐yield printing of perovskite films is developed using interfacial moisture as a research object. The finite element simulation reveals that interfacial moisture is the key factor affecting the quality of perovskite film formation, regardless of the ambient moisture. The results show that when the interfacial humidity is in the range of 7%–25%, the films exhibit high‐quality crystallization. The devices produced by this method exhibit a yield of 92%, indicating a promising pathway to attain highly reproducible perovskite films with superior optoelectronic properties. The air‐printing process will provide a broad guide to the commercial manufacture of high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Non‐Equilibrium Assembly of Atomically‐Precise Copper Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xu Linjie , Li Bohan , Zhao Yuanfeng , Zhao Yingshuai , Lu Yan , Cao Minghui , Li Guoqi , Weng Tsu‐Chien , Wang Heng , Zheng Yijun
Published: January 2024

Accurate structure control in dissipative assemblies (DSAs) is vital for precise biological functions. However, accuracy and functionality of artificial DSAs are far from this objective. Herein, a novel approach is introduced by harnessing complex chemical reaction networks rooted in coordination chemistry to create atomically‐precise copper nanoclusters (CuNCs), specifically Cu11(µ9‐Cl)(µ3‐Cl)3L6Cl (L = 4‐methyl‐piperazine‐1‐carbodithioate). Cu(I)–ligand ratio change and dynamic Cu(I)–Cu(I) metallophilic/coordination interactions enable the reorganization of CuNCs into metastable CuL2, finally converting into equilibrium [CuL·Y]Cl (Y = MeCN/H2O) via Cu(I) oxidation/reorganization and ligand exchange process. Upon adding ascorbic acid (AA), the system goes further dissipative cycles. It is observed that the encapsulated/bridging halide ions exert subtle influence on the optical properties of CuNCs and topological changes of polymeric networks when integrating CuNCs as crosslink sites. CuNCs duration/switch period could be controlled by varying the ions, AA concentration, O2 pressure and pH. Cu(I)‐Cu(I) metallophilic and coordination interactions provide a versatile toolbox for designing delicate life‐like materials, paving the way for DSAs with precise structures and functionalities. Furthermore, CuNCs can be employed as modular units within polymers for materials mechanics or functionalization studies.
Monitoring Acetone with Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Using a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhang Tie , Xu Ting , Peng Zhen , Xu Yinghe , He Sailing
Published: January 2024

Herein, this study describes a sample preconcentration apparatus based on a metal–organic framework (MOF) of NH2‐UIO‐66@PDMS adsorbent, which is first coupled to photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technology for detection of acetone. The MOF selectively traps acetone out of complex samples and releases it into the photoacoustic (PA) cell, where PA signal intensity is recorded by PAS sensing system based on a cheap amplitude modulated UV LED as light source. The signal intensity is enhanced by 11 times after preconcentration of NH2‐UIO‐66@PDMS (100 mg). The preconcentration apparatus not only enhances sensitivity of sensor, but also promotes the anti‐interference ability for common interferents (carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor, ethanol, propanol, etc.) of the sensor. As expected, the established PA sensor possesses a detection limit of 0.23 ppm for measuring acetone, which can feasibly be applied for the analysis of acetone in patients breath samples. This work provides a good example of the preconcentration effect of MOF for promoting PA sensor analytical performance, and the prospect of medical diagnosis.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Sulfonaminoformyloxylation of Alkenes with N‐Aminopyridinium Salts and DMF
Authors: Wang Yue , Liu Jie , Chen Zhang , Chen Jinjin , Peng Xue , Wang Zhen , Zeng Yao‐Fu
Published: January 2024

A photoredox‐catalyzed three‐component sulfonaminoformyloxylation reaction between alkenes, N‐aminopyridinium salts and DMF has been developed, which avoids the usage of erosive formic acid as the formyloxylation reagent. Besides DMF, alkyl and aryl carboxylic acids proved to be feasible nucleophiles to afford various β‐amino esters. The robustness of this method was further demonstrated by its applicability in the late‐stage modification of biological molecules. Control experiments suggested that a sulfonamidyl radical was involved in this reaction.
Unveiling the hidden impact: Subclinical hypercortisolism and its subtle influence on bone health
Authors: Lou Yuan , Ren Luping , Chen Huan , Zhang Tian , Pan Qi
Published: January 2024

In recent years, advancements in imaging technologies have led to an increased detection rate of adrenal incidentalomas (AI), with age demonstrating a significant correlation with their incidence. Among the various forms of functional adrenal incidentalomas, subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) stands out as a predominant subtype. Despite the absence of typical symptoms associated with Cushing's syndrome, both domestic and international research consistently establishes a robust link between SH and diverse metabolic irregularities, including hypertension, lipid metabolism disorders, glucose metabolism abnormalities, and disruptions in bone metabolism. Individuals with SH face an elevated risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, highlighting the clinical significance of addressing this condition. Prolonged exposure to elevated cortisol levels poses a significant threat to bone health, contributing to bone loss, alterations in bone microstructure, and an increased susceptibility to fractures. However, comprehensive reviews addressing bone metabolism changes and associated mechanisms in SH patients are currently lacking. Furthermore, the profound impact of concurrent SH on the overall health of the elderly cannot be overstated. A comprehensive understanding of the skeletal health status in elderly individuals with concomitant SH is imperative. This article aims to fill this gap by offering a detailed review of bone metabolism changes and associated mechanisms in SH patients arising from AI. Additionally, it provides a forward‐looking perspective on research concerning skeletal health in elderly individuals with concurrent SH.
The impact of warehouse services on spatial and intra‐temporal agricultural market integration: The case of the Ethiopian commodity exchange's warehouse services
Authors: Tessema Yohannis Mulu , Baker Derek
Published: January 2024

The Ethiopian commodity exchange market (ECX) was launched in 2008, and since then it has rolled out warehouse services for various commodities in different markets. In this study, our objective is to examine the effect of ECX's warehouse services on spatial and intra‐temporal integration of agricultural markets. To this effect, we apply the difference‐in‐difference approach on monthly retail price collected from sample markets. The results show that the warehouse service provision is associated with improved spatial market integration for chickpea and haricot bean, but not in the case of soya bean, sesame, and coffee. The results further show the warehouse service has no statistically significant impact on intra‐temporal market integration except for sesame. The implications of the study results are discussed. [EconLit Citations: D4, Q1, O1].
Enabling Stable and Low‐Strain Lithium Plating/Stripping with 2D Layered Transition Metal Carbides by Forming Li‐Zipped MXenes and a Li Halide‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Ma Liang , Jiang Yong‐Kang , Xu Dong‐Rui , Fang You‐You , Li Ning , Cao Duan‐Yun , Chen Lai , Lu Yun , Huang Qing , Su Yue‐Feng , Wu Feng
Published: January 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials demonstrate prominent advantage in regulating lithium plating/stripping behavior by confining lithium diffusion/plating within interlayer gaps. However, achieving effective interlayer confined lithium diffusion/plating without compromising the stability of bulk‐structural and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) remains a considerable challenge. This paper presents an electrochemical scissor and lithium zipper‐driven protocol for realizing interlayer confined lithium plating with pretty‐low strain and volume change. In this protocol, lithium serves as a “zipper” to reunite the adjacent MXene back to MAX‐like phase to markedly enhance the structural stability, and a lithium halide‐rich SEI is formed by electrochemically removing the terminals of halogenated MXenes to maintain the stability and rapid lithium ions diffusion of SEI. When the Ti3C2I2 serves as the host for lithium plating, the average coulomb efficiency exceeds 97.0 % after 320 lithium plating/stripping cycles in conventional ester electrolyte. Furthermore, a full cell comprising of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and Ti3C2I2@Li exhibits a capacity retention rate of 73.4 % after 200 cycles even under high cathode mass‐loading (20 mg cm−2) and a low negative/positive capacity ratio of 1.4. Our findings advance the understanding of interlayer confined lithium plating in 2D layered materials and provide a new direction in regulating lithium and other metal plating/stripping behaviors.
CO‐Induced Dimer Decay Responsible for Gem‐Dicarbonyl Formation on a Model Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Wang Chunlei , Sombut Panukorn , Puntscher Lena , Jakub Zdenek , Meier Matthias , Pavelec Jiri , Bliem Roland , Schmid Michael , Diebold Ulrike , Franchini Cesare , Parkinson Gareth S.
Published: January 2024

The ability to coordinate multiple reactants at the same active site is important for the wide‐spread applicability of single‐atom catalysis. Model catalysts are ideal to investigate the link between active site geometry and reactant binding, because the structure of single‐crystal surfaces can be precisely determined, the adsorbates imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and direct comparisons made to density functional theory. In this study, we follow the evolution of Rh1 adatoms and minority Rh2 dimers on Fe3O4(001) during exposure to CO using time‐lapse STM at room temperature. CO adsorption at Rh1 sites results exclusively in stable Rh1CO monocarbonyls, because the Rh atom adapts its coordination to create a stable pseudo‐square planar environment. Rh1(CO)2 gem‐dicarbonyl species are also observed, but these form exclusively through the breakup of Rh2 dimers via an unstable Rh2(CO)3 intermediate. Overall, our results illustrate how minority species invisible to area‐averaging spectra can play an important role in catalytic systems, and show that the decomposition of dimers or small clusters can be an avenue to produce reactive, metastable configurations in single‐atom catalysis.
Mechanism Behind the Loss of Fast Charging Capability in Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Park Nam‐Yung , Kim Myoung‐Chan , Han Sang‐Mun , Park Geon‐Tae , Kim Dong‐Hwi , Kim Min‐Su , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: January 2024

Fast charging technology for electric vehicles (EVs), offering rapid charging times similar to conventional vehicle refueling, holds promise but faces obstacles owing to kinetic issues within lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Specifically, the significance of cathode materials in fast charging has grown because Ni‐rich cathodes are employed to enhance the energy density of LIBs. Herein, the mechanism behind the loss of fast charging capability of Ni‐rich cathodes during extended cycling is investigated through a comparative analysis of Ni‐rich cathodes with different microstructures. The results revealed that microcracks and the resultant cathode deterioration significantly compromised the fast charging capability over extended cycling. When thick rocksalt impurity phases form throughout the particles owing to electrolyte infiltration via microcracks, the limited kinetics of Li+ ions create electrochemically unreactive areas under high‐current conditions, resulting in the loss of fast charging capability. Hence, preventing microcrack formation by tailoring microstructures is essential to ensure stability in fast charging capability. Understanding the relationship between microcracks and the loss of fast charging capability is essential for developing Ni‐rich cathodes that facilitate stable fast charging upon extended cycling, thereby promoting widespread EV adoption.
Ruthenium complexes of new chiral phosphine‐amine‐ether ligands (Ru‐PNO) for asymmetric hydrogenation – the role of backbone chirality in pincer ligand design
Authors: Császár Zsófia , Pőrgye Zsanett E. , Tóth‐Farsang Evelin , Kovács Margit , Bényei Attila C. , Bakos József , Farkas Gergely
Published: January 2024

New chiral phosphine‐amine‐ether (PNO) ligands of the general formula Ph2PCH(R1)(CH2)nCH(R1)N(R2)CH(R3)CH2OMe, where R1, R2, and R3 = H or Me, n = 0 or 1, and their ruthenium complexes of the type [RuCl2(PPh3)(PNO)] have been synthesized. The coordination compounds were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, modeled by DFT calculations, and in one case analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. The combined spectroscopic and theoretical investigations revealed that the relative configuration of the stereogenic elements in the P–N and N–O backbone represents a crucial factor in determining the conformation of the pincer‐type chelates and may also affect the configuration of the coordinated stereogenic nitrogen in the NH subunit, an essential element of stereochemical communication in outer sphere bifunctional catalysis. The new complexes were applied in the asymmetric hydrogenation of fused ring bicyclic ketones (i.e., 1‐tetralone and 4‐chromanone derivatives), a challenging substrate class, where enantioselectivities up to 97% could be obtained. Based on the spectroscopic and theoretical studies and catalytic experiments, structural features affecting the stereochemistry of the coordination could be identified and a qualitative enantioinduction model has been proposed.
Determination of volatile organic solvents in photoinitiators using headspace gas chromatography
Authors: Pang Yulian , Tian Guiqin , Sun Xun , Li Hongmei , Liu Fan , Wu Qian , Lai Pengfei , Luo Peng , Zou Yingquan
Published: January 2024

A rapid headspace gas chromatography method has been developed for the determination of residual organic solvents in photoinitiators. Using water‐glyceryl triacetate as the solvent, the method was used to determine the residual levels of 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), namely, benzene, toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, n‐hexane, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and ethyl acetate, in photoinitiators. Under the selected instrument operating conditions, all the residual solvents were completely separated. A detailed analysis was conducted on these 11 organic solvents. The mass concentrations of these solvents were linearly correlated with the chromatographic peak area, with a linear R2 is called determination coefficient R2 ≥ 0.99, and the relative standard deviation (n = 5) was less than 5.8%. The recovery rates of n‐hexane and toluene were 90.3% and 102.9%, respectively. The method exhibits good precision and accuracy, making it suitable for the rapid detection and inspection of 11 residual VOC components in photoinitiators. The practical applicability of the method was evaluated by blue applicability grade index and the score was 75.0 demonstrating its good practicality and applicability.
Mental health trajectories in adolescents during Covid‐19: ‘Are we all in this together’?
Authors: Hartas Dimitra
Published: January 2024

This study used a longitudinal probability sample survey, Understanding Society: Covid‐19, to examine trajectories in adolescents' mental health, via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, at three timepoints during Covid‐19 with a particular emphasis on vulnerable groups (i.e., young carers, adolescent girls, BAME—Black, Asian and minority ethnic, and adolescents in financially strained households). Generally, self‐reports of emotional and total difficulties remained stable during the pandemic, although adolescents who had limited social support were far more likely to report severe emotional and total difficulties. Young people with pre‐existing mental and physical health conditions appeared more resilient, whereas vulnerable young people were hit the hardest during the pandemic. Compared to their less vulnerable peers, young carers, adolescent girls, Black or mixed‐race young people and adolescents in financially strained households were more likely to report reduced mental health during the pandemic. It is hoped that the findings will contribute to debates about the pandemic unveiling existing mental health inequalities in society, and to public policy in an era of perma‐crises as we currently face a cost of living crisis where public services are under enormous strain to reach those who need them most.
Solution and Solvent‐Free Stopper Exchange Reactions for the Preparation of Pillar[5]arene‐Containing [2] and [3]Rotaxanes
Authors: Becharguia Nihed , Nierengarten Iwona , Strub Jean‐Marc , Cianférani Sarah , Rémy Marine , Wasielewski Emeric , Abidi Rym , Nierengarten Jean‐François
Published: January 2024

Invited for the cover of this issue are the group of Iwona and Jean‐François Nierengarten from the University of Strasbourg (LIMA, UMR 7042, CNRS) and collaborators from the University of Carthage and the IPHC (University of Strasbourg and CNRS, UMR 7178). The image illustrates the fast motions of a pillar[5]arene subunit along the axle of a rotaxane, reminiscent of those of a guitarist's hand along the neck allowing him to use random parts of a scale with certain sweet spots when improvising a solo. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202304131.
Divergent Reactivity of a Cyclic Bis‐Hydridostannylene: A Masked Sn(I) Diradicaloid
Authors: Ebeler Falk , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: January 2024

Herein, reactivity studies of a cyclic bis‐hydridostannylene [(ADC)SnH]2 (1‐H2) (ADC=PhC{(NDipp)C}2; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with various unsaturated organic substrates are reported. Reactions of terminal alkynes (RC≡CH) with 1‐H2 afford mixed acetylide‐vinyl‐functionalized bis‐stannylenes via dehydrogenation and hydrostannylation. Treatment of 1‐H2 with PhC≡CCH3 gives a unique distannabarrelene via dehydrogenative C(sp3)−H stannylation and hydrostannylation of the C≡CCH3 moiety. 1‐H2 undergoes dehydrogenative [2+2]‐cycloaddition reactions with diphenylacetylene, azobenzene, acetone, benzophenone, and benzaldehyde to form the 1,4‐distannabarrelene derivatives. The elimination of H2 in these reactions suggests the masked‐diradical property of 1‐H2. In fact, these [2+2]‐cycloaddition products are also accessible on treatments of the Sn(I) diradicaloid [(ADC)Sn]2 (1) with appropriate reagents. All compounds have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the catalytic activity of 1‐H2 has been shown for the hydroboration of unsaturated substrates.
Access to Versatile Functionalized Cu(III) Complexes Enabled by Direct Transmetalation to Well‐Defined Copper(III) Fluoride Complex Me4N+[Cu(CF3)3F]‐
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Li Huaiyuan , Leng Xuebing , Lu Long , Shen Qilong
Published: January 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The invention of a well‐defined Cu(III) fluoride complex Me4N+[Cu(CF3)3(F)]‐ 1 enabled to access a versatile of functionalized Cu(III) complexes [Me4N]+[Cu(X)(CF3)3]‐ (X = C6F5, C6F5C≡C, CN, Cl, N3, tBuOO, SCN, OAc, SAr), many of them for the first time. The availability of these complexes allowed us to evaluate the trans‐influence order of ligand in Cu(III) complexes: Bn > CF3– > C6F5– > N3– > py ~ CH3– ~ C6F5C≡C > NO2PhO– ~ tBuOO– ~ CH3COO– > F–.
Hydrogen‐transfer strategy in lignin refinery: Towards sustainable and versatile value‐added biochemicals
Authors: Li Yilin , Liu Meng , Tang Qi , Liang Kaixia , Sun Yaxu , Yu Yanyan , Lou Yuhan , Liu Yongzhuang , Yu Haipeng
Published: January 2024

Lignin, the most prevalent natural source of polyphenols on Earth, offers substantial possibilities for the conversion into aromatic compounds, which is critical for attaining sustainability and carbon neutrality. The hydrogen‐transfer method has garnered significant interest owing to its environmental compatibility and economic viability. The efficacy of this approach is contingent upon the careful selection of catalytic and hydrogen‐donating systems that decisively affect the yield and selectivity of the monomeric products resulting from lignin degradation. This paper highlights the hydrogen‐transfer technique in lignin refinery, with a specific focus on the influence of hydrogen donors on the depolymerization pathways of lignin. It delineates the correlation between the structure and activity of catalytic hydrogen‐transfer arrangements and the gamut of lignin‐derived biochemicals, utilizing data from lignin model compounds, separated lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass. Additionally, the paper delves into the advantages and future directions of employing the hydrogen‐transfer approach for lignin conversion. In essence, this concept investigation illuminates the efficacy of the hydrogen‐transfer paradigm in lignin valorization, offering key insights and strategic directives to maximize lignin's value sustainably.
Yearly intrasubject variability of hematological biomarkers in elite athletes for the Athlete Biological Passport
Authors: Krumm Bastien , Lundby Carsten , Hansen Joar , Bejder Jacob , Sørensen Henrik , Equey Tristan , Saugy Jonas , Botrè Francesco , Faiss Raphael
Published: January 2024

Confounding factors including exercise and environments challenge the interpretation of individual Athlete Biological Passports (ABPs). This study aimed to investigate the natural variability of hematological ABP parameters over 1 year in elite athletes compared with healthy control subjects and the validity of a multiparametric model estimating plasma volume (PV) shifts to correct individual ABP thresholds. Blood samples were collected monthly with full blood counts performed by flow cytometry (Sysmex XN analyzers) in 20 elite xc‐skiers (ELITE) and 20 moderately trained controls. Individual ABP profiles were generated through Anti‐Doping Administration & Management System Training, a standalone version of the ABP's adaptive model developed by the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Additionally, eight serum parameters were computed as volume‐sensitive biomarkers to run a multiparametric model to estimate PV. Variability in ELITE compared with controls was significantly higher for the Abnormal Blood Profile Scores (P = 0.003). Among 12 Atypical Passport Findings (ATPF) initially reported, six could be removed after correction of PV shifts with the multiparametric modeling. However, several ATPF were additionally generated (n = 19). Our study outlines a larger intraindividual variability in elite athletes, likely explained by more frequent exposure to extrinsic factors altering hematological biomarkers. PV correction for individual ABP thresholds allowed to explain most of the atypical findings while generating multiple new ATPF occurrences in the elite population. Overall, accounting for PV shifts in elite athletes was shown to be paramount in this study outlining the opportunity to consider PV variations with novel approaches when interpreting individual ABP profiles.
A SNP‐based genotyping strategy to detect the abuse of homologous blood transfusion from dried blood spots
Authors: Donati Francesco , Natalucci Alice , Concetti Livia , de la Torre Xavier , Botrè Francesco
Published: January 2024

We performed genotyping analysis of human biallelic polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms) for the detection of homologous blood transfusion in sports doping. DNA was extracted from dried blood spots and quantified real‐time fast PCR. The method was proven to allow the detection of transfusions up to a donor percentage of 1%, with a significant improvement in terms of sensitivity with respect to both the reference cytofluorimetric method and a previously proposed strategy based on the DNA STR‐based strategy.
What international students want will determine where they enroll
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: January 2024

In October 2023, the results of a Global Student Satisfaction Awards of 3,610 colleges and universities in 200 countries conducted by Studyportals, Unibuddy, and the British Council IELTS were published.
Comparative utility of the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 diagnostic classifications of eating disorders of recurrent binge eating in an Australian community‐based sample
Authors: Brytek‐Matera Anna , Touyz Stephen , Hay Phillipa
Published: January 2024

Objective

The present study aimed to compare the estimated prevalence, sociodemographic features and impacts of Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED; BN or BED of low frequency and/or limited duration) when comparing the DSM‐5 with the broader ICD‐11 diagnostic criteria for size and specifiers of binge‐eating episodes in a general population epidemiological sample.

Methods

2977 individuals (1524 women and 1453 men) aged ≥15 years from randomly selected households in South Australia were interviewed in person. Participants were asked questions relating to sociodemographic features, symptoms of eating disorder pathology, physical and mental health‐related quality of life (HRQoL; SF‐12) and role impairment.

Results

The estimated prevalence of only one diagnosis, namely BED, was lower when applying DSM‐5 criteria than when applying ICD‐11 criteria, largely due to the Criterion B binge‐eating specifiers of the DSM‐5. There were no significant differences in participants' demographic features, HRQoL, or role impairment between the comparable diagnosis of either scheme.

Conclusions

There were few differences in distribution and similar levels of health impacts when applying either diagnostic scheme in this epidemiological study. However, cases of BED may be missed when using the stricter criteria of DSM‐5 in epidemiological surveys. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 diagnostic specifiers of binge‐eating.
An artificial immune system‐based algorithm for selfish node detection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
Authors: Gowtham M. S. , Vigenesh M. , Ramkumar M.
Published: January 2024

The Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) depending on dynamic distributed topology presents several challenges such as decentralized infrastructure. In MANET, each node act as a host as well as a router to exchange packet. From Source to destination, the MANET nodes offer the ability of transmission to send, receive, and route traffic. Moreover, the presence of selfish nodes or malicious nodes in MANETs significantly degrades network performance. Identifying and isolating such nodes poses a formidable challenge. Consequently, this research introduces a security model founded on the principles of an Artificial Immune System (AIS) to detect and defend against Selfish Node (SN) attacks. This research work employs the principles of AIS to categorize a node's behavioral state based on the Mature Context Immune Antigen Rate (MCIAR). Subsequently, a hybrid protocol named Reliable History‐dependent Resource Conscious Clustered and Defensive AODV (RRCC‐DAODV) is introduced to detect Selfish Nodes (SNs) and counteract their attacks. Within the RRCC algorithm, the identification of selfish nodes relies on both Trust Value (TV) and Residual Energy (RE). Additionally, the proposed DAODV protocol incorporates the V‐detector algorithm to enhance defense mechanisms against potential attacks. The simulation of the proposed model is carried out in NS3. The proposed mechanism achieves a detection ratio of 94.05%. The simulation outcomes demonstrate the excellence of the implemented system. This superiority is observed when compared to other standard protocols, as indicated by the parameters of throughput, residual energy, packet delivery ratio, and delay.
Corporate foresight in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic—The crisis as a driver?
Authors: Schropp Theresa C. , Schwarz Jan Oliver , Buder Fabian
Published: January 2024

Our study emphasizes the evolving nature and increasing relevance of corporate foresight (CF) in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world. This research, therefore, contributes to the foresight literature, concerned with the antecedents and motivators of CF as it investigates how external events that are characterized by great uncertainty influence the CF practice of large companies. On the example of the COVID‐19 pandemic and based on a study of 25 interviews, this empirical research reveals that such events provoke an intensified engagement with the future within companies as implied by a greater resource commitment and interest in foresight. Thereby, CF and especially the development of multiple future scenarios, are considered helpful in countering uncertainty and facilitating responsiveness.
p‐Anisaldehyde suppresses Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin biosynthesis via targeting cell structure and Ap1‐regulatory antioxidant system
Authors: Sun Tongzheng , Zhang Ninghui , Luo Yue , Qiu Han , Geng Qingru , Li Yongxin , Peng Xue , Song Fengqin , Tian Jun , Yang Kunlong
Published: January 2024

Aflatoxin, mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus, is one of the most notorious mycotoxin for its toxicity and carcinogenicity. Despite extensive efforts, effective strategies to control A. flavus and AFB1 contamination remain elusive. Here, we investigate the potential of p‐anisaldehyde (AS), an aldehyde derived from plant essential oils, as a natural antifungal agent against A. flavus and its ability to modulate AFB1 biosynthesis. We found that AS exhibited broad‐spectrum antifungal activities against Aspergillus spp. and effectively inhibited A. flavus asexual development, AFB1 production, and pathogenicity. AS treatment disrupted the cell surface structure and membrane integrity, as observed by scanning electron microscopy and PI staining. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that AS significantly altered the expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis, plasma membrane function, and cell cycle progression. Further investigation demonstrated that AS induced a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The AS‐induced ROS accumulation was found to be mitigated by the superoxide dismutase‐mediated antioxidant system, which is regulated by transcriptional factor Ap1. Notably, the Ap1‐regulatory ROS detoxification system was also found to be involved in A. flavus pathogenicity and AFB1 production. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the inhibitory mechanism of AS against A. flavus, paving the way for its potential application as a natural strategy to mitigate AFB1 contamination in both food and agriculture crops.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tarragon and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils and their applications as active agents to improve the shelf life of freshly cut potato strips
Authors: Khajeh Niyoosha , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Nouri Leila
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the possibility of using active coatings based on Zedo gum containing essential oils of Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZE) and tarragon (TE) to increase the shelf life and maintain the quality of freshly cut potato strips. The chemical compositions of ZE and TE were initially identified, and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. ZE consisted mainly of carvacrol (26.26%), p‐cymene (21.50%), thymol (18.05%), and linalool (11.31%), and those of TE comprised p‐allylanisole (81.92%), β‐Ocimene E (8.06%), and β‐Ocimene Z (5.35%). Afterwards, a Zedo gum active coating (1% v/w) containing 1% (v/v) essential oil was prepared, and the produced coating solutions were used to soak the potato strips for 5 min. The coated potatoes were kept fresh in a refrigerator for 9 days, and their quality characteristics were examined every 3 days. The results show that the weight loss, browning index, total microbial count, and mold and yeast counts in the strips increased during 9 days of cold storage, and hardness decreased (p < .05). However, the coatings of strips, especially those containing essential oils, reduced the intensity of changes in moisture, color, and hardness, increased microbial stability, and maintained the sensory acceptance of strips compared with the uncoated sample (control). Finally, this study demonstrated that the quality and shelf life of fresh potato strips can be improved by using active coatings based on Zedo gum containing ZE and TE (especially ZE).
Can financial innovation and environmental policy curb transport‐based CO2 emissions? An advanced panel analysis
Authors: Du Jianguo , Rasool Yasir , Ali Kishwar , Kashif Umair , Ahmed Zahoor
Published: January 2024

The escalating levels of CO2 emissions from the transportation sector have been observed to exert deleterious effects on human well‐being and environmental sustainability. To mitigate these emissions, it is imperative to consider the potential contributions of environmental policies and financial innovation. Thus, this study examines the effects of financial innovation and environmental policy (environmental tax–environmental technology) on transport‐related CO2 emission (TCO2E) for BICS (i.e., Brazil, India, China and South Africa), which are characterized by substantial industrialization, rising TCO2E and growing environmental concerns. The analysis is complemented by including control variables, notably economic growth and the transition to cleaner energy, to offer a nuanced and holistic perspective on the dynamics governing this critical subject matter. The research adopts a novel econometric approach cross‐sectionally augmented auto‐regressive distributed lags for benchmark estimation and fully modified ordinary least squares–dynamic ordinary least squares for robustness analysis from 2000/Q1‐2018/Q4. The findings revealed that financial innovation and economic growth bolster TCO2E and decrease environmental quality in the region. In contrast, environmental tax, environmental innovation and energy transition decrease TCO2E. Based on findings, policy suggestions relating to implementing a carbon tax, promoting green financial innovation and others are discussed to decrease TCO2E.
Noninvasive monitoring of the vagus nerve during thyroid surgery using cutaneous adhesive and needle electrodes: What is the optimal configuration?
Authors: Karcioglu Amanda Silver , Trinh Lily N. , Mcllroy Dioan , Okose Okenwa C. , Wang Bo , Behr Ian J. , Cheung Anthony Y. , Srikanthan Adithya , Russell Marika D. , Kamani Dipti , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Randolph Gregory W.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Endotracheal tube (ETT) surface electrodes are used to monitor the vagus nerve (VN), recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Alternative nerve monitoring methods are desirable when intubation under general anesthesia is not desirable or possible. In this pilot study, we compared the performance of standard ETT electrodes to four different noninvasive cutaneous recording electrode types (two adhesive electrodes and two needle electrodes) in three different orientations.

Methods

The VN was stimulated directly during thyroid and parathyroid surgery using a Prass stimulator probe. Electromyographic (EMG) responses for each patient were recorded using an ETT plus one of the following four cutaneous electrode types: large‐foot adhesive, small‐foot adhesive, long‐needle and short‐needle. Each of the four electrode types was placed in three orientations: (1) bilateral, (2) ipsilateral mediolateral, and (3) ipsilateral craniocaudal.

Results

Four surgical cases were utilized for data collection with the repetitive measures obtained in each subject. Bilateral electrode orientation was superior to ipsilateral craniocaudal and ipsilateral mediolateral orientations. Regardless of electrodes type, all amplitudes in the bilateral orientation were >100 μV. When placed bilaterally, the small‐foot adhesive and the long‐needle electrodes obtained the highest EMG amplitudes as a percentage of ETT amplitudes.

Conclusion

Cutaneous electrodes could potentially be used to monitor the VN during thyroid and parathyroid procedures. Different electrode types vary in their ability to record amplitudes and latencies. Bilateral orientation improves EMG responses in all electrode types. Additional validation of cutaneous electrodes as an alternative noninvasive method to monitor the VN is needed.
Ising Spins on Frustrated Bronze‐Mean Hexagonal Quasicrystal
Authors: Ghosh Pratyay
Published: January 2024

We investigate the Ising model on the Bronze‐mean hexagonal quasicrystal (BMH QC), an aperiodic tiling with geometric frustration. Our extensive Monte Carlo simulations explore the model's rich phase diagram, revealing six distinct phases with diverse magnetic properties and degrees of frustration. We uncover exotic spin glass phases, signaled by the replica symmetry breaking and slow relaxation dynamics. We shed light on the intriguing magnetic properties of frustrated quasicrystals and open new avenues for studying exotic phases in condensed matter physics.
Cellulose nanocrystals‐reinforced dual crosslinked double network GelMA/hyaluronic acid injectable nanocomposite cryogels with improved mechanical properties for cartilage tissue regeneration
Authors: Jonidi Shariatzadeh Farinaz , Solouk Atefeh , Mirzadeh Hamid , Bonakdar Shahin , Sadeghi Davoud , Khoulenjani Shadab Bagheri
Published: January 2024

Improvement of mechanical properties of injectable tissue engineering scaffolds is a current challenge. The objective of the current study is to produce a highly porous injectable scaffold with improved mechanical properties. For this aim, cellulose nanocrystals‐reinforced dual crosslinked porous nanocomposite cryogels were prepared using chemically crosslinked methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and ionically crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) through the cryogelation process. The resulting nanocomposites showed highly porous structures with interconnected porosity (>90%) and mean pore size in the range of 130–296 μm. The prepared nanocomposite containing 3%w/v of GelMA, 20 w/w% of HA, and 1%w/v of CNC showed the highest Young's modulus (10 kPa) and excellent reversibility after 90% compression and could regain its initial shape after injection by a 16‐gauge needle in the aqueous media. The in vitro results demonstrated acceptable viability (>90%) and migration of the human chondrocyte cell line (C28/I2), and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. A two‐month in vivo assay on a rabbit's ear model confirmed that the regeneration potential of the prepared cryogel is comparable to the natural autologous cartilage graft, suggesting it is a promising alternative for autografts in the treatment of cartilage defects.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among pregnant women, 2020, Finland—Cross‐testing of neutralization assays
Authors: Virtanen Jenni , Korhonen Essi M. , Salonen Sami , Vapalahti Olli , Sironen Tarja , Jääskeläinen Anne J.
Published: January 2024

We studied the development of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic in southern Finland in 2020 and evaluated the performance of two surrogate immunoassays for the detection of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The data set consisted of 12 000 retrospectively collected samples from pregnant women in their first trimester throughout 2020. All the samples were initially screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG) with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibody assay (EIM‐S1, Euroimmun) followed by confirmation with nucleocapsid antibody assay (Architect SARS‐CoV‐2, Abbott). Samples that were reactive (positive or borderline) with both assays were subjected to testing with commercial surrogate immunoassays of NeutraLISA (EIM) and cPassTM (GenScript Biotech Corporation) by using pseudoneutralization assay (PNAbA) as a golden standard. No seropositive cases were detected between January and March. Between April and December, IgG (EIM‐S1 and Abbott positive) and NAb (PNAbA positive) seroprevalences were between 0.4% and 1.4%. NeutraLISA showed 90% and cPass 55% concordant results with PNAbA among PNAbA negative samples and 49% and 92% among PNAbA positive samples giving NeutraLISA better specificity but lower sensitivity than cPass. To conclude, seroprevalence in pregnant women reflected that of the general population but the variability of the performance of serological protocols needs to be taken into account in inter‐study comparison.
International trade and investment: A review and research agenda
Authors: Singh Divya , Keshari Aditya , Gautam Amit
Published: January 2024

International trade and investment have always been an epicenter of research, and with the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a surge in the publication of review articles focusing on different facets of trade and investment has been observed, but a comprehensive retrospective review of international trade and investment remains scarce. To address this gap, a systematic literature review of 30 articles published in A* and A ranked journals, along with performance analysis and science mapping of 720 articles retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases using bibliometric analysis is done. Considering the dynamic nature of international trade and investment, the relationship between export policies and international trade influences the global landscape, which fosters mutually beneficial relationships leading to economic cooperation. Capitalizing on opportunities and mitigating risks associated with international investment is crucial for maintaining sustainable international business operations. Through these interconnected relationships, the research contributes to the understanding of the interdependent forces shaping the global economic paradigm in a unified manner. Moreover, the study provides future research directions and questions which are culled from the analysis and offer potential advancements in the field of international trade and investment.
Loss of effective lubricating viscosity is the primary mechanical marker of joint inflammation in equine synovitis
Authors: Vishwanath Karan , Secor Erica J. , Watkins Amanda , Reesink Heidi L. , Bonassar Lawrence J.
Published: January 2024

Inflammation of the synovium, known as synovitis, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Synovitis involves the release of a wide variety of pro‐inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid (SF) that damage the articular cartilage extracellular matrix and induce death and apoptosis in chondrocytes. The composition of synovial fluid is dramatically altered by inflammation in OA, with changes to both hyaluronic acid and lubricin, the primary lubricating molecules in SF. However, the relationship between key biochemical markers of joint inflammation and mechanical function of SF is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the application of a novel analytical framework to measure the effective viscosity for SF lubrication of cartilage, which is distinct from conventional rheological viscosity. Notably, in a well‐established equine model of synovitis, this effective lubricating viscosity decreased by up to 10,000‐fold for synovitis SF compared to a ~4 fold change in conventional viscosity measurements. Further, the effective lubricating viscosity was strongly inversely correlated (r = −0.6 to −0.8) to multiple established biochemical markers of SF inflammation, including white blood cell count, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and chemokine ligand (CCLs) concentrations, while conventional measurements of viscosity were poorly correlated to these markers. These findings demonstrate the importance of experimental and analytical approaches to characterize functional lubricating properties of synovial fluid and their relationships to soluble biomarkers to better understand the progression of OA.