bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in imine-linked pyrene-based covalent organic frameworks through the regulation of active site distances
Authors: Zong Jiawen , Liu Huanyu , Lian Wei , Dai Lu , Li Pengfei
Published: January 2025

An appropriate distance between the active sites in photocatalysts would significantly enhance charge separation efficiency and photocatalytic performance.
Morpholine-linked metal-phthalocyanine covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Lin Fuwen , Lin Wan , Lin Jing , Xiao Zhiwei , Hui Yangdan , Chen Junlan , Wang Yaobing
Published: January 2025

Innovative morpholine-linked metal-phthalocyanine covalent organic frameworks were constructed. The electron delocalization properties of Co-DB-COF accelerate the charge transfer rate, improving the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction performance.
A dual-channel detection mode ZnO/organic polymer/Cu2O heterojunction dual-band photodetector
Authors: Zhao Yue , Jiang Dayong , Zhao Man , Sun Yuanyuan , Li Haoda
Published: January 2025

A dual-channel detection mode photodetector is reported, and the response spectrum can be switched under different bias modulation.
Mechanistic understanding of pH as a driving force in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Pandey Tejasvi
Published: January 2025

The development of pH-directed nanoparticles for tumor targeting represents a significant advancement in cancer biology and therapeutic strategies.
The intriguing case of cyclic triimidazole: an emerging scaffold for the preparation of multiemissive, bio-medical and hybrid inorganic–organic materials
Authors: Forni Alessandra , Malpicci Daniele , Maver Daniele , Lucenti Elena , Cariati Elena
Published: January 2025

Cyclic triimidazole, TT, is an emerging scaffold to prepare multiemissive organic and coordination systems to be exploited in various fields. TTs with dual emission, RTP from aqueous aggregates, mechanochromism and vapochromism are discussed here.
Visible-light-mediated cobaloxime-catalyzed isomerization and hydroalkenylation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Mao Ben , Jiang Sheng-Hao , Xiong Zheng , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: January 2025

A series of cyclobutene products and E-selective alkenylated cyclobutane products were obtained via cobaloxime-mediated BCB transformations.
The fluoroquinolone compounds potentiate the antifungal activity of the echinocandins against Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Choi Jin-Ju , Kang Suzie , Lee Yoonseo , Lee Dong-Hyun , Jang Yuju , Goo Ja-Il , Choi Yongseok , Lee Dongho , Yun Cheol-Won
Published: January 2025

The antifungal drugs of the echinocandin family show high efficacy against Aspergillus fumigatus. However, their paradoxical effect, which restores fungal growth at high drug concentrations, and the emergence of resistant strains necessitate improvements. We identified 13 fluoroquinolone compounds from a chemical library containing 10,000 compounds that potentiate the antifungal activity of caspofungin. Among them, NE-E07 significantly enhanced the efficacy of echinocandins against A. fumigatus, including resistant strains, without potentiating other antifungal families like voriconazole or amphotericin B. Specifically, NE-E07 demonstrated a unique ability to potentiate caspofungin’s activity against the echinocandin-resistant strain USHM-M0051 isolated from patients. Our experiments revealed that NE-E07, in combination with caspofungin, affected ergosterol biosynthesis in a manner consistent with azole drugs. Docking tests suggest that NE-E07 has a high binding affinity with CYP51, which affects ergosterol biosynthesis similarly to azole drugs. Interestingly, known fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and norfloxacin did not show this potentiating effect, suggesting that NE-E07’s unique structure is critical for its activity. Moreover, NE-E07 did not enhance echinocandin activity against Candida albicans or Cryptococcus neoformans, highlighting its specific action against A. fumigatus. In vivo studies demonstrated that co-treatment with NE-E07 and caspofungin increased the survival rate of mice infected with A. fumigatus. This significant improvement in survival underscores the potential clinical relevance of NE-E07 as a co-administered drug with echinocandins for treating fungal infections, particularly those resistant to echinocandins.
Individual pitch control for load reduction of offshore wind turbine based on particle swarm optimization and fuzzy logic
Authors: Zhang Chuanzhi , Chen Yijing , Zhao Dawei , Li Chunhua , Guo Xiaojiang , Bu Jing
Published: January 2025

As wind turbine grow in size, the uneven distribution of wind speeds within the rotor‐wept area results in unbalanced loads, which have become a significant factor affecting wind turbine performance. Load feedback‐based individual pitch control (IPC) for wind turbine addresses this issue. However, traditional proportional‐integral (PI) controllers may not have optimal proportional and integral coefficients in engineering applications, and fixed‐coefficient PI controllers are not ideal for complex operating conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes an offline optimization‐online self‐correction control method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and fuzzy logic. The PSO algorithm is employed offline to minimize unbalanced rotor loads by optimizing the PI coefficients, which are then subjected to online self‐correction based on fuzzy logic. Joint simulations using OpenFAST and MATLAB demonstrate that the proposed offline optimization‐online self‐correction control method enhances the load reduction effectiveness of IPC in wind turbine.
Comparison of effectiveness of aspirin, clopidogrel and cilostazol monotherapy treatment in ischaemic stroke
Authors: Endarwati Tuti , Kurniasih Khamdiyah Indah , Fauziah Fauziah , Sunarti Sunarti , Agus Salim Muh.
Published: January 2025

Stroke is the third most common cause of disability and the second most common cause of death globally. Between 1990 and 2019, its prevalence increased by 70%. The prevalence of stroke increased from 7% in 2013 to 10.9% in 2018 in Indonesia. Because antiplatelet medication does not improve platelet aggregation, ischemic stroke patients have significant death and disability rates. The efficacy of cilostazol, clopidogrel, and aspirin in ischemic stroke patients is compared in this study. 205 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria from 919 stroke cases at RSUD Margono Soekarjo in 2023 were the subjects of a cross-sectional retrospective design using purposive sampling. The Kruskal-Wallis test and mean difference tests were used to examine the results of the therapy. Outperforming aspirin and cilostazol, clopidogrel (75 mg) were the most widely used medication (38.6%) and produced the best results, considerably enhancing PT (1 s), APTT (0.872 s), and lowering leukocytes (2.956) and platelets (3.035). Significant variations in leukocyte (p=0.045) and platelet (p=0.040) levels were found using statistical tests. When it came to enhancing coagulation markers and lowering inflammation, clopidogrel proved to be a more effective therapy option for ischemic stroke.
A comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of watermelon (citrullus lanatus (thunb.)) mesocarp extract fractions evaluated by the DPPH method
Authors: Kusuma Ikhwan Yuda , Yunas Afrah , Febrina Dina , Csupor Dezső , Perdana Muhammad Iqbal , Pratiwi Hening
Published: January 2025

Watermelon mesocarp contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties that hold significant scientific and industrial interest. Antioxidants from natural sources are increasingly explored for applications in food preservation, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to their efficacy and safety. This study aimed to identify fractions with strong antioxidant potential and explore their industrial applications. The crude extract was fractionated into water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions, and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 7.68 ppm, which, while slightly less potent than ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4.09 ppm), demonstrated substantial free radical scavenging ability. This was followed by the water fraction (IC50 = 34.9 ppm), with the n-hexane fraction showing moderate activity (IC50 = 52.07 ppm). The ethyl acetate fraction of watermelon mesocarp extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity, highlighting its potential for applications in food preservation and developing cosmetic formulations as a natural antioxidant source.
Mesurer l’autorégulation émotionnelle d’élèves d’école primaire dans le cadre d’un programme de pauses actives : une étude mixte associée à une triangulation des données
Authors: Chesnais Nolwenn , Cabagno Geneviève , Verret Claudia
Published: January 2025

Cet article s’appuie sur un devis mixte convergent associé à une triangulation des données pour mesurer les effets d’un programme de pauses actives sur l’autorégulation émotionnelle des élèves à l’école primaire, en particulier chez des élèves présentant des difficultés comportementales et émotionnelles (DCE). Ainsi, 156 élèves âgés de six à dix ans et leurs sept enseignants ont participé à cette étude. Des questionnaires ont été remplis par les élèves et les enseignants, des observations sur les élèves et des entretiens avec les enseignants ont été réalisés. L’intégration des résultats obtenus révèle les effets favorables d’un programme de pauses actives sur l’autorégulation émotionnelle des élèves, notamment chez les élèves DCE et met en évidence une pluralité de processus d’autorégulation émotionnelle mobilisés par les élèves lors de l’utilisation des pauses actives. Cette étude souligne également l’intérêt et la pertinence de l’utilisation d’une méthodologie mixte associée à une triangulation des données pour analyser les émotions des élèves dans leur contexte, à l’école primaire.
Traumatologie – erfolgreiche Behandlung durch die Kombination von
Homöopathie und Osteopathie
Authors: Scheer Anke
Published: January 2025

Bei der homöopathischen Fallerarbeitung eines körperlichen Traumas können uns
Kenntnisse über die Gewebefunktion, wie sie in der Osteopathie verstanden
werden, helfen, die richtige Behandlungsebene und die dazu passende Arznei zu
finden. Anhand eines subakuten HWS-Traumas werden die grundlegenden Aspekte
erarbeitet. Der Fall eines chronischen Rückenschmerzpatienten zeigt die
Mechanismen und Fallstricke einer Dysfunktionskette auf. Bei dem letzten
Patienten mündet die Krankheitsdynamik des auslösenden Blitzunfalls nach
Jahrzehnten in einer Krebserkrankung.
Therapieresistente Epilepsie bei einem Säugling mit
Gehirnmalformation
Authors: Hock Nikolaus
Published: January 2025

Beschrieben wird die Krankengeschichte eines Jungen (7 Jahre, homöopathische
Behandlung über 6 Jahre) mit therapieresistenter fokaler Epilepsie (bis zu 50
Anfälle/Tag) bei linksfrontaler zerebraler Malformation. Vorübergehende,
hochdosierte allopathische antiepileptische Therapie, dann Indikation zur
Hemisphärektomie, was allerdings Sprachstörungen, eine Hemiparese und eine
Hemianopsie zur Folge gehabt hätte. Unter homöopathischer Therapie rasche
Anfallsfreiheit, keine Operationsindikation mehr, gute, situationsentsprechende
Entwicklung des Kindes, seit 4 Jahren keine Antiepileptika mehr erforderlich.
Das letzte EEG altersentsprechend normal.
Agnès Varda’s the ethics and the strategies of omission
Authors: Piotrowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

This article and the video essay are about Agnès Varda’s love, forgiveness and standing one’s ground through at times a strategy of omission and absence. The article also aims to suggest that her filmmaking was conceptually rooted in Lacanian psychoanalysis whilst retaining its commitment to social justice and feminism at all times. In my own work, I have suggested that in order to subvert the patriarchy, it is at times necessary to be ‘nasty’ (Piotrowska Piotrowska, The nasty woman and the neo-femme fatale in contemporary cinema, Routledge, London, 2019; Piotrowska, Agnieszka. 2014, 2023. Psychoanalysis and Ethics in Documentary Film, London and New York: Routledge). This is not the case with the work and life of Agnès Varda, whose output I argue is characterised by boldness, rigour and care. This article is linked to the video essay which inspired the article and the thinking behind it. The video essay, the original version of which was presented at the plenary session of the Visible Evidence conference in 2019 at the University of Southern California, UD, has the style of a music video and focuses on love and loss.
Electromagnetic properties and structure of the YBa2Cu3−xScxOy ceramic at T>T
c
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Isakina A. P. , Ofitserov M. N. , Prentslau N. N. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Korsunskaya I. G. , Krivoshei I. V.
Published: January 2025

The structural and electromagnetic properties of the YBa2Cu3−xScxOy ceramic with partial substitution Cu ⟶ Sc were studied experimentally. The following anomaly of magnetic properties has been found: at high frequencies the ceramic exhibits paramagnetic than diamagnetic, as in the 1–2–3 properties. This manifests itself in that the ceramic concentrates the high-frequency field rather than pushes it out. It has been established that, as the paramagnetic properties decrease and the diamagnetic properties increase, the critical temperature of the 1–2–3 ceramic increases.
Peculiarities of magnetic field and current penetration in a system of interacting Josephson junctions of finite width
Authors: Basin Yu. A. , Soboleva T. K.
Published: January 2025

The propagation of magnetic flux in a system of parallel Josephson junctions (multilayer …–S–I–S–… structure) of finite width is studied theoretically. Expressions for the critical magnetic field and external current in symmetric linear configuration are obtained for a system of identical junctions. Numerical experiments are used to study the peculiarities of penetration of external magnetic field and current in junctions with different conductivities.
Coexistence of ferro- and antiferromagnetism in some alloys with tetragonal and cubic crystal lattices
Authors: Val’kov V. I. , Zavadskiĭ È. A. , Neronina M. N.
Published: January 2025

An order-order transition model allowing for the coexistence of ferro- and antiferromagnetism at low temperatures is considered. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental dependences of magnetization on temperature and magnetic field, measured in Mn2−xCrxSb, Mn2Sb1−xAsx, and Ce(Fe1−xAlx)2 alloys.
Thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen with argon impurity
Authors: Gorodilov B. Ya. , Krivchikov A. I. , Manzhelli V. G. , Zholonko N. N.
Published: January 2025

Thermal conductivity of solid parahydrogen with 0.4 and 1.3 ppm argon impurity has been measured by using the standard procedure in the temperature range 1.5−8 K. The unusual dependence of the thermal conductivity on temperature and molecular weight of the impurity is explained by a new model of scattering of phonons by a heavy nonisotopic impurity. The difference between the new mechanism and the resonance mechanism is due to the fact that an argon atom interacts with the surroundings in a parahydrogen crystal much more strongly than a hydrogen molecule. Among other things, it causes a sharp decrease in the contribution from high-frequency phonons to the impurity scattering.
Dipole-dipole interaction and magnetic ordering in KEr(MoO4)2 1. Model of dipole magnet for KEr(MoO4)2
Authors: Anders A. G. , Volotskiĭ S. V. , Zubkov O. É.
Published: January 2025

The dipole-dipole interaction energy for the rare-earth subsystem of KEr(MoO4)2 is calculated and the magnetic configuration corresponding to the minimum energy is determined. It consists of an aggregate of ferromagnetic chains of RE ions arranged along the minimum distance c in a cell and connected with one another through antiferromagnetic coupling. The magnetic moments of ions in a chain are also directed along the c-axis. An analysis of energy characteristics for possible magnetic configurations in the presence of an external magnetic field H‖ c indicates that the metamagnetic phase transition is preferred in this system which corresponds to a quasi-one-dimensional Ising magnet according to the properties predicted for it.
Dipole-dipole interaction and magnetic ordering in KEr(MoO4)2. 2. Phase transitions in KEr(MoO4)2 induced by an external magnetic field
Authors: Anders A. G. , Volotskii S. V. , Zubkov O. È.
Published: January 2025

The model of magnetic structure of KEr(MoO4)2 developed in the preceding article in the approximation of a magnet with purely dipole-dipole spin-spin interactions and equivalent RE sites in a unit cell is used to analyze the phase transitions induced in this system by a magnetic field for H‖ a and H‖ c. It is shown that the magnetic nonequivalence of ions from neighboring chains which are not associated with an inversion center leads to a four-sublattice magnetic structure determining the metamagnetic phase transition for H‖ a. The angular dependence of the EPR spectrum is analyzed, and the angles of rotation of local axes of the crystal field for nonequivalent centers are estimated as well as the residual interchain exchange interaction. It is concluded that dipole-dipole interactions play a leading role in the formation of magnetic properties of this compound.
On nonlinear dynamics and conservation laws in magnetic media with spontaneously violated symmetry
Authors: Ivanchenko E. A.
Published: January 2025

A nonlinear evolution system of hydrodynamic-type equations describing a three-dimensional multisublattice magnet is investigated. It is shown that the system can be reduced to a symmetric t-hyperbolic system, and the Cauchy problem is correct in the local neighborhood of the manifold of initial data. The conditions for one existence of hydrodynamic-type conservation laws are formulated. It is proved that, for a quadratic dependence of energy density, there are no additional integrals of motion of hydrodynamic type besides energy, spin and momentum, i.e., the system is not integrable on the whole (stochastic behavior). A special case of propagation of energy and flux in the form of waves is indicated. If the spontaneous “magnetization” vector emerging in a physical system is independent of coordinates and time, the system under investigation describes an anisotropic spiral magnet. For a three-dimensional spiral magnet, shock waves (weak discontinuities) are predicted, and their velocities of propagation are determined. In the one-dimensional case, a countable number of conservation laws is formulated, and solutions invariant to Lie-Bäcklund group are specified without using the form of the energy density function.
Exchange mechanism of Raman scattering in impurity La2CuO4
Authors: Pashkevich Yu. G. , Fedorov S. A.
Published: January 2025

The results of theoretical studies of Raman scattering by the magnetic subsystem of the impurity La2CuO4 are considered. The role of exchange mechanism of scattering is analyzed in detail. The peculiarities related to the quasi-one-dimensionality of magnetic ordering are elucidated.
Theory of reentrant phase transition in Bechgaard salt (TMTSF)2CIO4 in very high magnetic field
Authors: Rozhavsky A. S.
Published: January 2025

The microscopic theory for a spin-density-wave-semimetallic state to a normal-metal one transition in very high magnetic field is proposed. The phase boundary which separates the spin-density-wave (SDW) in an Extremely Stable State (ESS) from a normal metal, is the line of a 2 1/2-order transition. On this line, the electron pockets on a Fermi surface are created, their size increasing with the magnetic field growing thus leading to a smooth metallization of electron system. The negative temperature slope of a critical line is explained.
The velocity of diffusion flow in bcc 3He
Authors: Dyumin N. E. , Boiko V. V. , Zuev N. V. , Grigor’ev V. N.
Published: January 2025

The self-diffusion coefficient of an atom is measured in bcc 3He for a molar volume of 24.40 cm3/mole in the temperature range 0.48–0.68 K. The observed nonexponential change in diffusion with temperature is associated with tunneling of thermal vacancies in the investigated helium crystals.
Surface plasmon-magnon modes at the interface between a metal and the semiconductor phase of YBa2Cu3O6+δ
Authors: Lomtev A. I.
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate a possibility for a new type of collective excitations, viz. coupled surface plasmon-magnon modes, to propagate along the planar interface between the anisotropic semiconductor phase of YBa2Cu3O6+δ and an n-type metal or semiconductor; these modes exhibit a nonlinear dispersion (proportional to the square root of the wave vector) and a weak Landau damping. In the region of low frequencies, the spectrum resembles that of surface acoustic plasmons, while near the magnon resonance it is activational in character.
Magneto-optical studies of KEr(MoO4)2 in longwave IR region
Authors: Kut’ko V. I. , Kharchenko Yu. N. , Nesterenko N. M. , Stepanov A. A.
Published: January 2025

Transmission spectra have been measured in a KEr(MoO4)2 single crystal in the longwave IR range (14–40 cm−1) at temperatures 4.2 and 2 K in an external magnetic field. Three absorption bands with frequencies 15.4, 26, and 30.5 cm−1 have been observed. It is shown that if the external magnetic field H is oriented parallel to the a-axis of the KEr(MoO4)2 crystal, a kink is observed at Hc∼9 kOe in the frequency-field dependence of the splitting of the 15.4 cm−1 band. It is suggested that this singularity is associated with the structural phase transition induced by an external magnetic field.
Nonlinear properties and critical parameters of superconducting films in fixed high-frequency voltage regime
Authors: Bezugly E. V. , Bratus’ E. N.
Published: January 2025

We study theoretically the nonlinear dynamics of the order parameter in a narrow channel subjected to a high-frequency irradiation with fixed electric field intensity in the channel. We have calculated the critical values of the transport current and the pumping power as functions of frequency as well as the critical current as a function of the ac electric field amplitude and of the nonlinear electromagnetic field absorption in the superconductor. The obtained dependences exhibit a strong frequency dispersion in the vicinity of the relaxation frequencies for the order parameter and quasi-particle distribution and agree well with the available experimental data, as well as make it possible to predict a number of effects inherent in the fixed voltage regime.
Magnetoacoustic resonance in quasi-two-dimensional conductors
Authors: Kirichenko O. V. , Peschanskii V. G.
Published: January 2025

The propagation of an acoustic wave in a layered conductor is studied theoretically under the conditions of Pippard’s effect. It is shown that the role of electric field accompanying the acoustic wave in the absorption of its energy by electrons increases considerably in view of the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the energy spectrum of charge carriers. This determines the resonance behavior of the damping coefficient for ultrasound.
Interaction of quasiparticles and steady states of superfluid solutions of helium isotopes
Authors: Adamenko I. N. , Nemchenko K. E. , Tsyganok V. I. , Chervanev A. I.
Published: January 2025

Various steady states of 3He–4He quantum solutions are studied. The hydrodynamic Hamiltonian is used to take into consistent account the interaction between quasiparticles. The chemical potential, osmotic pressure, and the inert mass of the gas of impuritons are calculated. The Knudsen effect is studied in the quantum gas of impuritons by taking into account the interaction and nonquadratic energy-momentum relation. The results of theoretical investigations are compared with the experimental data.
Internal friction and shear modulus in bismuth ceramics at T<T
c
Authors: Lazareva M. B. , Okovit V. S. , Petrenko V. T. , Sergeeva G. G. , Starodubov Ya. D. , Tikhonovskii M. A. , Chirkina L. A.
Published: January 2025

Low-frequency internal friction and shear modulus of bismuth ceramics are investigated at various deformation amplitudes in the temperature range 4.2–300 K. A change in the internal friction background, a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the shear modulus, and a low-temperature anomaly in internal frictions at T = 0.3Tc are observed during the superconducting transition. The results of investigations point towards a weakening of bismuth ceramics at T < Tc and towards an analogy between inelastic deformation in the superconducting states of low-temperature and high-temperature superconductors.
Submesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm effect in conductors with local attractive centers
Authors: Belotserkovskii O. V. , Rozhavskii A. S.
Published: January 2025

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is studied in conducting rings containing point-like attractive impurities. It is shown that the energies of electron bound states oscillate at an impurity as functions of the magnetic flux, the oscillation amplitude depending not only on the ring perimeter, but also on the position of the impurity in the ring. The cases of one and two impurities are investigated. It is found that the topological delocalization effect in a ring with a small number of channels is completely determined by the magnetic flux, while in a multichannel ring it depends on the boundary conditions on the rim.
Anomalous behavior of elastic properties of high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8
Authors: Saiko A. P. , Gusakov V. E. , Kuz’min V. S.
Published: January 2025

A theoretical explanation is offered for experimentally observed hysteresis in the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8 by taking into account the cubic term in the interaction potential, which relates the squared displacement of the bistable oxygen sublattice with the deformation of the matrix lattice.
Magnetic flow instabilities in textured samples of YBaCuO
Authors: Chabanenko V. V. , Pekhota S. , Szimcak G. , Krinetskii I. B.
Published: January 2025

The anisotropy of instability evolution in textured yttrium samples with residual magnetization ≈ 600 emu/g is studied in magnetic fields up to 12 T. Large (∼500 emu/g) jumps in the magnetic moment of the sample associated with magnetothermal instability are discovered. An unusually large (∼10−4) magnetostriction due to magnetic flow pinning is revealed, as well as the stabilization of magnetic properties of textured samples as a result of magnetization reversal.
Gas dynamics of quasiparticles
Authors: Akhiezer A. I. , Aleksin V. F. , Khodusov V. D.
Published: January 2025

The fluid dynamics and kinetics of a weakly nonideal gas of quasiparticles in pure single crystals is studied at low temperatures. Transport equations in a gas of quasiparticles are derived by using the kinetic theory, taking into account the extraneous fields modulating the energy of quasiparticles. Secondary and coupled waves are studied as well as their excitation and attenuation in a gas of quasiparticles.
Limiting supersaturation of 3He–4He solutions at temperatures close to absolute zero
Authors: Baidakov V. G.
Published: January 2025

The kinetics of homogeneous nucleation in supersaturated 3He–4He superfluid solutions is considered in the region of transition from termally activated nucleation to under-the-barrier quantum tunneling of nuclei. The stability boundary of the metastable superfluid phase relative to infinitely small perturbations of the composition (diffusion spinodal) is approximated. The applicability of some approximations in the theory of homogeneous nucleation is assessed near absolute zero. Limiting supersaturation of 3He–4He solutions is calculated. The kinetics of thermally activated and quantum nucleation near the diffusion spinodal are considered. Estimates are given for the temperature corresponding to a change in the nucleation modes.
Mapping spatial distributions within pseudoscalar mesons
Authors: Raya Khépani , Bashir Adnan , Rodríguez-Quintero José
Published: January 2025

Several aspects of the internal structure of pseudoscalar mesons, accessible through generalized parton distributions in their zero-skewness limit, are examined. These include electromagnetic and gravitational form factors related to charge and mass densities; and distributions in the impact parameter space. To this end, we employ an algebraically viable framework that is based upon the valence-quark generalized parton distribution expressed explicitly in terms of the associated distribution function and a profile function that governs the off-forward dynamics. The predominantly analytical nature of this scheme yields several algebraic results and relations while also facilitating the exploration of insightful limiting cases. With a suitable input distribution function, guided either by experiment or theory, and with an appropriate choice of the profile function, it is possible to provide testable predictions for spatial distributions of valence quarks inside pseudoscalar mesons. When comparison is possible, these predictions align well with existing experimental data as well as the findings of reliable theoretical approaches and lattice QCD.
Novel sustainable, smart, and multifunctional 4D-printed nanocomposites with reprocessing and shape memory capabilities
Authors: Cortés A , González-Jiménez A , Gutiérrez J , Jiménez-Suárez A , Prolongo S G
Published: January 2025

The present paper explores the development of novel reprocessable nanocomposites with enhanced shape memory (SM) capability by Digital Light Processing 3D printing technology. A Covalent Adaptable Network was developed through a solvent-free strategy, based on polyurethane containing Diels Alder bonds, reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNT addition allows for obtaining electrically conductive nanocomposites (up to 1.2 ± 0.7·10−1 S m−1). This enables Joule heating capability (average temperature over 100 °C by applying 100 V to the 0.3 wt.%CNT reinforced specimens), which was used as a heating method to trigger the SM cycle. First, the CNT content and thermal treatment were optimized to enhance the SM capabilities in a conventional oven (shape fixity ratio around 100%). Then, the SM capabilities triggered by Joule heating were characterized. Here, the optimized nanocomposites showed excellent shape fixity and recovery ratios (both above 95%). This heating method was proven to be low energy-consuming (approximately 1 W compared to around 750 W for a conventional oven), while also allowing for a fast, remote, and selective activation, which was demonstrated with a hand-like proof-of-concept by selectively recovering the permanent shape of each finger individually. On the other hand, the dynamic covalent bonds enable reprocessability. Here, the 3D-printed specimens were turned into powder and reprocessed using a powder processing tool to manufacture samples with a different geometry which were still electrically conductive, given the DA adduct formations. Results prove the multifunctional and smart capabilities of the developed nanocomposites, which make them suitable for applications such as soft robotics or actuators with an extended useful life, thus promoting sustainability.
An ultraviolet Raman spectral library of 21 organic compounds and 41 minerals for planetary exploration on Mars
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Ziyuan , Shi Erbin , Ling Zongcheng
Published: January 2025

Searching for life on Mars can help us understand the origins and evolution of life, and it has always been a primary scientific goal of Mars exploration missions by different countries. Raman spectroscopy has numerous advantages in detecting different materials, such as gathering chemical composition and crystal structure, specifically, ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy which is especially suitable for identifying organic compounds has been deployed on Mars. In this study, an independent UV Raman spectroscopy system is built to explore the potential of ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy in planetary exploration and astrobiology. Based on this system, a ground-based Raman reference library was established, including 41 minerals and 21 organic compounds related to Martian biosignatures. The results indicate that the self-built UV Raman system can identify significant characteristic peaks in different materials that would provide valuable and good references for identifying organics on Mars.
Black hole tunneling in loop quantum gravity
Authors: Tan Hongwei , Guo Rong-Zhen , Zhang Jing-Yi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the Hawking radiation of the quantum Oppenheimer Snyde black hole with the tunneling scheme by Parikh and Wilczek. We calculate the emission rateof massless scalar particles. Compared to the traditional results within the framework of GeneralRelativity, our findings include quantum correction terms arising from loop quantum gravity effects.Following the approach in [1, 2], we establish the entropy of the black hole. This entropy includesa logarithmic correction, which arises from quantum gravity effects. Our result is consistent withthe well-known result in the context of quantum gravity.
Multi-functional code for hydrogen isotopes transport analyses: verification & validation against fusion-relevant applications
Authors: Hattab F. , Narcisi V. , Ciurluini C. , Trotta A. , Santucci A. , Giannetti F.
Published: January 2025

The management of hydrogen isotopes within a fusion reactor remains a key design issue, with many constraints concerning tritium. The fusion power plant should be self-sufficient with respect to its fuel, while the contamination of components and the releases outside the primary system should be limited. There is a need for versatile numerical tools to assess tritium inventories and losses, which will support the design of components relevant to tritium management and inform mitigation strategies. This work presents the development, verification and validation of the System-level Application for Engineering Tritium Transport Analysis (SAETTA). SAETTA is a modular, system-level code designed with flexibility in mind. It is capable of simulating thin membranes as well as large systems with several components and connections. The program is built using Python, with a one-dimensional approach to simulate the transport of hydrogen isotopes in fluid and solid systems. Various factors influencing the transport of hydrogen isotopes are addressed, such as chemical reactions, mass transfer in the fluid, surface effects, permeation, trapping, leakage and decay. SAETTA methodology and implementation strategy are thoroughly outlined. In addition, a comprehensive verification and validation campaign has been specifically designed and performed to demonstrate the code capabilities in a wide range of fusion-related applications.
Phase-space characterization of negative ion beams for fusion
Authors: Poggi Carlo , Pimazzoni Antonio , Sartori Emanuele , Serianni Gianluigi
Published: January 2025

Multi-grid, multi-aperture accelerators are used in ion sources of neutral beam injectors (NBIs) for fusion. Accelerators are typically optimized by numerical tools, usually taking the e-fold divergence as a valuable global indicator of the single beamlet optics. Nonetheless the velocity distribution of accelerated beamlets often deviates from ideal Gaussian profiles. Therefore an accurate characterization of the beamlets optics is essential, particularly for negative ion sources within the context of developing ITER NBIs, which pose challenging requirements on single beamlet optics. For this purpose, an Allison-type emittance scanner was installed in SPIDER, the prototype radio-frequency ion source of ITER heating neutral beams, and utilized to characterize the vertical phase-space of isolated beamlets. In this paper we present the characterization of the beamlets around perveance-match conditions using the Allison type emittance scanner, showing that the minimum divergence obtained is larger than the design value. The discrepancy is investigated using numerical simulations, which highlight the presence of a non-negligible temperature of the extracted negative ions, and of non Gaussian tails, which cannot be reproduced by a uniform thermal distribution of negative ions.
Conformal invariance of antisymmetric tensor field theories in any even dimension
Authors: Thierry-Mieg Jean , Jarvis Peter
Published: January 2025

Using a theorem of Jackiw and Pi expressing the delicate balance of the spin and the orbital momentum, we systematically classify the flat-space massless Lagrangian quantum field theories that are invariant under the global conformal group

S
O
(
D
,
2
)

. We recover in a uniform way the facts that scalars and spinors are invariant in any dimension, and that gauge

p

-tensors are invariant only in

2
p
+
2

dimensions. This case includes the Maxwell theory in 4 dimensions and the Kalb–Ramond 2-forms theory in 6 dimensions. We then construct two new classes of Lagrangians extending the Avdeev–Chizhov self-dual tensor model to higher dimensions, one class using a symmetric metric and the other a skew metric in internal space. Finally, we prove in the same uniform way that both classes are conformal invariant in any even dimension. In 4 dimensions, these self-dual tensors naturally couple to the chiral Fermions of the standard model.
Finite (quantum) effect algebras
Authors: Gudder Stan , Heinosaari Teiko
Published: January 2025

We investigate finite effect algebras and their classification. We show that an effect algebra with n elements has at least n − 2 and at most

(
n
−
1
)
(
n
−
2
)

/

2

nontrivial defined sums. We characterize finite effect algebras with these minimal and maximal number of defined sums. The latter effect algebras are scale effect algebras (i.e. subalgebras of [0,1]), and only those. We prove that there is exactly one scale effect algebra with n elements for every integer

n
⩾
2

. We show that a finite effect algebra is quantum effect algebra (i.e. a subeffect algebra of the standard quantum effect algebra) if and only if it has a finite set of order-determining states. Among effect algebras with 2–6 elements, we identify all quantum effect algebras.
Review of 3D topography stitching and registration algorithms: procedure, error evaluation and mathematical modelling
Authors: Guibert Robin , Robache Frederic , Lemesle Julie , Hanafi Saïd , Brown Christopher A , Bigerelle Maxence
Published: January 2025

Surfaces are the privileged places of interaction between physical phenomena and objects. Roughness studies, especially when performing multiscale analysis, are tools of choice to understand physical phenomena and their scales of application. However, profilometers, especially optical systems, must compromise between field of measurement and resolutions. Stitching is an assembling technique aiming to solve this compromise by combining elementary maps, such as images or topographies. Stitching generates high resolution over a large field of measurement maps, which increases the measurable scale range and facilitates the correct identification of physical phenomena at their scales of application. This article proposes a review of 3D topography stitching algorithms. After explanations on the use cases of 3D topography stitching, the stitching procedure from elementary maps acquisition to the obtention of the stitched map is described step-by-step. Secondly, errors in measurement and stitching are presented with the sources of errors and the error evaluation methods. Lastly, the mathematical modelling of 3D topography is detailed to better understand the optimization process used in the in-plane and out-of-plane registration steps of the stitching algorithms. Comparison of algorithms involved in stitching are proposed so that researchers might find the most suitable algorithm to their needs. Overall, this work aims at introducing researchers and metrologists to important multidisciplinary notions for the use and design of 3D topography stitching algorithms and offers a tutorial-based approach.
Enhanced strain transfer and optoelectronic performance in MoS2 devices via Formvar encapsulation
Authors: Vladimirov Simeon N , Çakıroğlu Onur , Munuera Carmen , Castellanos-Gomez Andres , Vasconcelos Thiago L
Published: January 2025

We systematically investigate the influence of polyvinyl formal (PVFM), commonly known as Formvar, in comparison to polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), as encapsulation materials on the strain performance of MoS2 monolayer and bilayer flakes on flexible polypropylene (PP) substrates. Notably, optical differential reflectance measurements reveal that PVFM and PMMA encapsulation significantly enhances the mechanical and thermal strain gauge factors by approximately 2-fold (up to ∼−50 meV/%) and 6-fold (up to ∼−1.5 meV/°C), respectively, while PC shows a slightly lower enhancement. Moreover, all three polymers increase the maximum achievable strain from approximately 1.4% to 2.3%. Furthermore, devices fabricated on PP substrates exhibit improved optoelectronic performance when encapsulated with PVFM, including increased and faster photocurrent response and extended device lifetime.
Mathematical modelling of sensitization and desensitization in austenitic alloys using Gaussian-based peak models
Authors: Ahmedabadi Parag M
Published: January 2025

This study presents four Gaussian-based mathematical models for accurately simulating the sensitization and desensitization processes in austenitic alloys. By incorporating temperature and time as variables, these models aim to predict the Degree of Sensitization (DOS) and generate Time-Temperature-Sensitization (TTS) diagrams. Validation using experimental datasets shows that the models perform well across various datasets, minimizing over-fitting when peak sensitization data is adequately provided. The models also introduce a statistical index to assess accuracy, combining fitting parameters systematically. This work offers a comprehensive tool for investigating localized corrosion phenomena and supports the development of strategies to control chromium depletion during heat treatments, relevant for stainless steel and nickel-based alloys.
Trends in urban edible landscapes: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yang Huihua , Bin Hussein Mohd Kher , Ibrahim Roziya Binti , Lyu Ran
Published: January 2025

In response to the dual challenges of urbanization and population growth, urban edible landscapes have emerged as innovative green infrastructure with the potential to address ecological, social, economic, and food security issues. This study systematically analyzes 3,089 publications from 2000 to 2024, sourced from the Web of Science database, using keywords such as ‘Edible Landscapes,’ ‘Edible Garden,’ ‘Rooftop Garden,’ ‘Community Garden,’ and ‘Productive Landscape.’ This study adopts bibliometric and visualization tools, such as CiteSpace and R, to systematically sort out and visualize the research hotspots, knowledge structure, emerging trends, and the evolution of this field. The analysis begins with a co-occurrence network of keywords, identifying core topics and evolving research trends. Cluster analysis further delves into various research themes, elucidating the field’s main directions and focal points. The paper highlights the multifaceted impacts of edible landscapes on urban ecosystems and residents’ well-being, emphasizing their critical role in promoting urban sustainability. Additionally, it outlines strategic recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the implementation and expansion of urban edible landscapes in alignment with sustainable development goals. This research provides comprehensive insights into the historical evolution, status, and future trends of urban edible landscape studies, offering valuable guidance for policy development and practical innovation in both academic and real-world contexts.
Recent progress in triboelectric platforms: engineering materials to industrial applications from the perspective of manufacturing
Authors: Ra Yoonsang , Song Minjun , Lee Donghan , Jang Sunmin , Kim Yu-seop , Chae Joonmin , Cho Sumin , Kam Dongik , Lee Donghyun , Lee Gibeom , Lee Younghoon , Choi Dongwhi
Published: January 2025

With the growing importance of wearable and portable electronics in modern society and industry, researchers from all over the world have reported on advances in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing technologies. The current review discusses recent developments in triboelectric platforms from a manufacturing perspective, including material, design, application, and industrialization. Manufacturing is an essential component of both industry and technology. The use of a proper manufacturing process enables cutting-edge technology in a lab-scale stage to progress to commercialization and popularization with scalability, availability, commercial advantage, and consistent quality. Furthermore, much literature has emphasized that the most powerful advantage of the triboelectric platform is its wide range of available materials and simple working mechanism, both of which are important characteristics in manufacturing engineering. As a result, different manufacturing processes can be implemented as needed. Because the practical process can have a synergetic effect on the fundamental development, resulting in the growth of both, the development of the triboelectric platform from the standpoint of manufacturing engineering can be further advanced. However, research into the development of a productive manufacturing process is still in its early stages in the field of triboelectric platforms. This review looks at the various manufacturing technologies used in previous studies and discusses the potential benefits of the appropriate process for triboelectric platforms. Given its unique strength, which includes a diverse material selection and a simple working mechanism, the triboelectric platform can use a variety of manufacturing technologies and the process can be optimized as needed. Numerous research groups have clearly demonstrated the triboelectric platform’s advantages. As a result, using appropriate manufacturing processes can accelerate the technological advancement of triboelectric platforms in a variety of research and industrial fields by allowing them to move beyond the lab-scale fabrication stage.
Fast and Smooth Control of Converter’s DC-Link Voltage Using Optimal Fractional-Order Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Asakereh Aghil
Published: January 2025

The need to use fully controlled AC/DC converters for DC-based power supply systems has led to structural development and improved performance. Due to existence of various distribution network loads sensitive to noise and fluctuation, PWM-based converters cannot provide accurate and fast performance. In this regard, this paper suggests a novel robust control strategy based on FOIT2FC for this distribution power system to enhance the tracking accuracy and smooth the DC voltage of converter’s DC-link with presence of system uncertainties and disturbances. To strengthen the proposed control strategy, MOMSA has been utilized to optimally tune the FOIT2FC’s parameters. Precise and robust tracking performance of the proposed MOMSA-based FOIT2FC has been thoroughly compared with PSO-based FOIT2FC, PSO-based IT2FC and PSO-based Fuzzy controllers under DC reference variation, resistive load variation, unbalanced three-phase voltage and reproductive operation. The simulation results show that the proposed MOMSA-based FOIT2FC almost gives 1.53% overshoot, 1.25% undershoot and 0.023% fluctuation, while PSO-based FOIT2FC gives 1.95% overshoot, 1.89% undershoot and 0.14% fluctuation, PSO-based IT2FC gives 2.46 % overshoot, 2.38% undershoot and 0.19% fluctuation and PSO-based Fuzzy controller gives 2.74% overshoot, 2.95% undershoot and 0.22% fluctuation. To more certify the simulation model, its prototype structure has been provided and tested in laboratory.