bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tragedi 13 Mei 1969 dalam Berbagai Perspektif
Authors: Muhammad Hasmi Yanuardi  , Ahmad Musyalen Firdaus
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the May 13, 1969 Tragedy according to various existing perspectives. The method used in writing this article uses stages that are usually standard in historical research, such as starting from selecting topics, gathering sources, verifying which contains historical criticism and the validity of sources, then proceeding to the interpretation stage and ending with writing. The results of this study are that the May 13, 1969 Tragedy was an event of racial riots between ethnic Malays and ethnic Chinese in Malaysia, especially in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor. The incident which was the result of the Opposition Party's victory march consisting of the Malaysian People's Movement Party (Parti Gerakan) and the Democratic Action Party (DAP) resulted in riots that paralyzed the country. In understanding this event, there are several perspectives such as originating from the Official Sources of the Malaysian Government, the existence of provocation by the Communist group, the Government's failure to prosper the Malay ethnicity and the dynamics of Sino-Malay social and economic interaction. From several existing perspectives, it cannot be decided that the cause of the May 13, 1969 Tragedy was only due to a single cause but could also be caused by various triggering factors. These factors can be in the form of socio-economic inequality, political rivalry and security threats from communist groups.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan Tragedi 13 Mei 1969 menurut berbagai perspektif yang ada. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini menggunakan tahapan-tahapan yang lazimnya menjadi standard dalam penelitian sejarah seperti diawali dari pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber, verifikasi yang di dalamnya memuat atas kritik sejarah dan keabsahan sumber, kemudian dilanjutkan pada tahap interpretasi dan diakhiri dengan penulisan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Tragedi 13 Mei 1969 merupakan peristiwa kerusuhan rasial antara etnis Melayu dengan etnis Tionghoa di Malaysia, khususnya di Kuala Lumpur, Selangor.  Peristiwa yang merupakan dampak pawai kemenangan Partai Oposisi yang terdiri dari Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Parti Gerakan) dan Democratic Action Party (DAP) mengakibatkan kerusuhan hingga melumpuhkan negara. Di dalam memahami peristiwa ini, terdapat beberapa perspektif seperti berasal dari Sumber Resmi Pemerintah Malaysia, adanya provokasi kelompok Komunis, Kegagalan Pemerintah dalam mensejahterakan etnis Melayu dan dinamika interaksi sosial dan ekonomi Sino-Melayu. Dari beberapa perspektif yang ada, tidak dapat diputuskan bahwa penyebab Tragedi 13 Mei 1969 hanya karena sebab tunggal tetapi dapat disebabkan juga dari berbagai faktor yang memicu. Faktor tersebut dapat berupa ketimpangan sosial-ekonomi, rivalitas politik dan ancaman keamanan dari kelompok komunis.
Preschool and Primary/Secondary Education from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic According to Kâzım Nami Duru
Authors: ERKEK Mehmet Salih
Published: August 2023

With the Constitutional Monarchy that was re-declared in 1908, the Ottoman Empire underwent a great political, economic and social change. The Committee of Union and Progress, the revolutionary party that seized power, attached special importance to education. Kâzım Nami (1876-1967), who was a member of this committee and fought as an officer against the Abdulhamid II regime, moved to the field of education after leaving his job and became one of the radical educators of the Ottoman and Republican era. Kâzım Nami, who pioneered the beginning of pre-school education in the Ottoman Empire, opened the first kindergarten in the empire and tried to implement and promote the Froebel style education that he admired greatly. Kâzım Nami, who is the advocate of mixed and secular education based on national principles, has been influential in determining the education policies of the new Turkish Republic after 1923. In addition, he translated the books of educators such as Froebel, Jean Piaget, Angelo Patri and Jules Payot into Turkish and offered them to Turkish educators.
Javaslatok a szövegértés tantárgyakba ágyazott fejlesztéséhez – az olvasási stratégiák tanítása II.
Authors: Tary Blanka , Fejes József Balázs , Hódi Ágnes , Szenczi-Velkey Beáta , Vígh Tibor
Published: August 2023

Jelen munka célja a szövegértés-fejlesztés egy, a hazai iskolai gyakorlatban kevéssé ismert és alkalmazott lehetőségének, az olvasási stratégiák tanításának a bemutatása annak érdekében, hogy iránymutatásul szolgáljon az osztálytermi gyakorlatokhoz. A tanulmány röviden definiálja az olvasási stratégiákat, elemzi a tanítási helyzetüket, bemutatja a szövegtípusok, -formák és az olvasási stratégiák közötti kapcsolatokat, és kitér tanításuk jelentőségére is. Ismerteti a szövegtípusok és a stratégiák kapcsolatát, hiszen az olvasási stratégiák alkalmazása különböző szövegek esetében eltérő lehet. Ezt követően – példákkal szemléltetve, elsősorban gyakorlati vonatkozásban – bemutatja a leggyakoribb olvasási stratégiákat. Végül javaslatokat fogalmaz meg az olvasási stratégiák tanítását illetően. A cikkben ismertetett olvasási stratégiák elsősorban nyomtatott szövegekhez kapcsolódnak, de jelentős részük digitális szövegek olvasásakor is hasznosítható lehet.
Technology transfer : converting multizone HVAC systems from constant to variable volume
Authors: Westervelt Eileen , Bush Joseph , Battisti Christopher , Morton Brianna , FitzHenry Heather , Schwenk David
Published: August 2023

This project promotes awareness and facilitates implementation of a low-cost controls retrofit for multizone air handling systems as an interim solution for energy efficiency that accrues savings while delaying system replacement. Implementation tools support technology evaluation and rapid implementation. Products include the following: fact sheet, technical note, pitch briefing, scoping guide, savings estimator, procurement package templates, commissioning guide, and on-line training. Multiple outreach activities occurred including presentations, journal articles, and contacting potentially interested parties.
Formation of plastic properties during deformation stretching of pearlitic steel
Authors: Fetisov V. P.
Published: August 2023

Under tensile deformation, the effect of pearlite fineness and strain hardening parameters under uniform and local deformation on the plastic properties of high‑carbon steel has been studied. The increase in the plasticity of pearlitic steel with a thin‑lamellar structure is due to an increase in the intensity of strain hardening in the region of concentrated deformation and an increase in the deformability of cementite plates. For the structures of thin‑lamellar pearlite, the ratio between the interlamellar distance and the value of the relative narrowing is given.
Modeling of the process of heating of chip-powder dispersions of ferrous metals in the pass-through muffle furnace of hot briquetting. Message 3
Authors: Dyakonov O. M. , Litvinko A. A. , Sereda V. Ju.
Published: August 2023

It has been established that the optimal productivity of a 3,5 m high furnace in terms of the highest energy efficiency of its operation is 500 kg of chips per hour. It follows from the calculations and their analysis that it is practically possible to increase the productivity of the furnace by varying not only the operating parameters (power of the gas burner and inductor), but also the design parameters (furnace height, muffle flow area, number of burners and their effective location relative to the muffle).
The Project of an Autonomous Microboat with a Laser Device for Estimation of Water Area Pollution by Microplastic
Authors: Alekseev V. A. , Yuran S. I. , Zaripov M. R. , Usoltsev V. P.
Published: August 2023

Water area pollution by microplastic particles smaller than 5 mm is a serious environmental problem. Usually, studies of water pollution are carried out by taking water samples with their further analysis in the laboratory. Therefore, study of the water areas for the presence of plastic with the identification of extensive pollution sites in real time is actual.

The project of an autonomous unmanned research vehicle operating in water area and transferring the research data to the information processing center is discussed in the article. The device produces laser probing of the aquatic environment to detect polyethylene microparticles and to build maps of pollution sites in the studied water area.

To implement the proposed project, the following tasks are solved:

detection of plastic microparticles in the studied volume of the water environment where particle sizes are several orders of magnitude smaller than the studied water volume;

identification of microparticles in presence of particles of other types of substances in the investigated water environment volume;

estimation of the number particles’ in the studied water environment

A new approach which consists in creating an autonomous microboat that explores the water area along a route set from a control center located on the shore is proposed. The study involves the detection of microparticles in a certain volume of liquid flowing through a research tube installed in the bottom of the boat. There is a Schauberger tube in the central part of which particles are concentrated inside the tube. It makes possible to search for particles by laser probing with a wavelength about 3.5 μm, on which the peak absorption of light by polyethylene many times exceeds the water absorption.

To ensure the energy efficiency of the microboat it is proposed to use a scheme for laser pulses combining using a fiber-optic delay line. This makes it possible to reduce the power consumption of the laser by almost an order of magnitude. The proposed project of the boat will make it possible to conduct studies of large water areas with the detection of plastic microparticles’ pollution sites. Examples of the used optical fiber, photodetector and laser source for the problem being solved are derived in the article.
Urbanization Level and Tempo (Speed) in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Tekulu Fikre Belay
Published: August 2023

The study attempts to study the level and tempo or speed of urbanization in the Tigray regional state based on census data from 1994-2013 in Ethiopia. The level of urbanization at the regional level was found in 1994, 2007, and 2020 at 14.9%, 21.7%, and 27.7 % respectively. Whereas the level of urbanization varies among the zones of the region, the higher level of urbanization was recorded in the Eastern zone followed by the Western, Southern Zone and Central zone of Tigray. The tempo or speed of urbanization was determined to be 0.49 percent per year at the regional level, with the Eastern area of Tigray showing the greatest tempo or speed of urbanization. The unbalanced urbanization among the zones results in socio-economic challenges. The study recommends several policy interventions given in the conclusion part aimed at judicious urbanization suitable for sustainable development.
Numerical study of the performance of a bubble driven micromixer based on oscillating bubble injection
Authors: Rad Hossein Safaei , Aalaei Ehsan , Mousavi Seyed Mostafa , kamali Reza
Published: August 2023

Micromixers are one of the common pieces of equipment in microﬂuidic devices and have been widely used for a variety of applications. They are generally divided into active and passive categories. Active micromixers use external energy sources for mixing. Pressure-based micromixers are a common type of active micromixer that use a variety of strategies to create disturbances in the ﬂow and improve mixing. Of all the strategies used for this type of micromixer, oscillating bubble injection has rarely been investigated. In this study, we investigate the ﬂow characteristics and mass transfer process in a two-dimensional micromixer based on oscillating bubble injection. Diﬀerent parameters aﬀect the mixing performance in this micromixer. In this study, the eﬀects of Reynolds number, bubble oscillation frequency, bubble oscillation amplitude, and side channel geometry on three variables of mixing index, pressure drop, and air inlet pressure have been investigated. The results show that with increasing Reynolds number at constant bubble oscillation frequency and amplitude, the mixing index decreases. Also, with increasing bubble oscillation frequency at constant Reynolds number and constant oscillation amplitude, the mixing index will increase. Increasing the bubble oscillation amplitude at constant Reynolds number and constant oscillation frequency will increase the mixing index. In a simple side channel with a constant diameter, the bubble becomes unstable, so this geometry is undesirable. Changing the side channel geometry by introducing an expansion in the side channel will solve this problem. Nevertheless, increasing the side channel expansion width will reduce the mixing index. The best mixing index was 78.19% in 4.5 seconds, and it shows that the proposed micromixer of this research has good performance in a relatively short time.
A Power Rate Adaptive Control Algorithm Based on Stackelberg Game in Cognitive Networks
Authors: Yu Xinyuan , Li Hui , Xu Yongjie
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a power-rate adaptive control algorithm based on a distributed Stackelberg game to address power control and mutual interference issues between primary and secondary users in the uplink of cognitive radio networks. First of all, a two-layer network model of primary and secondary users is established, and their utility functions are redesigned. The primary user regulates the secondary users transmit power through the unit interference price to minimize interference. Secondly, the power-rate adaptive control algorithm is derived by obtaining the new utility function, and it is proven that the algorithm converges to Nash and Stackelberg equilibria. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can quickly converge within seven iterations and reduce the transmit power of secondary users effectively. Additionally, the transmission rate is increased, and the utility and channel capacity of primary users are improved while maintaining the service quality of both primary and secondary users. The algorithm's adaptiveness and robustness are shown to be excellent, and it can overcome the near and far effects to a certain extent.
Miniaturized OCSRR and CCSRR Metamaterial Loaded Tri-band Patch Antenna for Wi-Fi 6E/7 Applications
Authors: P RAJALAKSHMI , N Gunavathi , T SatheeshKumar , P Jeyakumar
Published: August 2023

In this article, a tri-band Omega Complementary Split Ring Resonator (OCSRR) and Circular Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CCSRR ) loaded patch antenna is presented for Wi-Fi 6E/7 applications. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular patch, circular and omega shaped CSRR which is designed at 6GHz,5GHz and 2.4GHz respectively. The parametric studies have investigated to optimize the antenna parameters in desired frequency bands using Ansys HFSS 21.0 software. The measured and simulated results are in good in agreement. In addition, the operating principle, equivalent circuit, and negative ɛ parameter of the OCSRR and CCSRR metamaterial structures are also investigated. Compared to the conventional antenna, the proposed antenna has a compact size of 0.21λg × 0.28λg × 0.02λg (where λg is the guided wavelength in free space at 2.4 GHz) and size reduction of 81.9%.
The Impact of Overnight Work on Employee's Health and Lifestyle among Korean Adults: An Age-and Gender-Matched Study
Authors: Hwang In-Whi , Choe Ju-Pil , Hwang Soo-Ji , Shen Jun-Hao , Lee Jung-Min
Published: August 2023

Shift work has become more widespread globally as the demand for round-the-clock production and service industries continues to grow. This study investigated the health and lifestyle disparities between day and overnight workers, focusing on the impact of work schedules on employee health. We used the raw data from the 2018–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey involving 604 adult workers. The results revealed that overnight workers faced increased risks for health concerns such as sleep deprivation (weekday sleep time: Day = 6.78 ± 1.35, Overnight = 6.36 ± 1.65, p < 0.00), type 2 diabetes (HbA1c (%): O.R = 5.66, 95% CI: 2.57 – 12.45) compared to day workers. Furthermore, sedentary behavior time (≥ 601 minutes: O.R = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.25 – 3.60) and lifestyle factors (white-collar workers: O.R = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28 – 0.85, low-income individuals: O.R = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.28 – 4.19, smoking status: O.R = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.70 – 4.43) were found to be associated with the likelihood of working overnight. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, policies, and collaboration to address overnight workers' unique challenges, support their well-being, and raise awareness of associated health risks.
The effect of behavioural intervention package on domestic violence and quality of life of abused pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mahapatro Meerambika , Roy Sudeshna , Nayar Poonam , Jadhav Ashwini , Panchkaran Suruchi , Prasad Sudha , Dhar Neera
Published: August 2023

Background
Domestic violence during pregnancy especially concerns due to its significant detrimental impact on a woman’s health and that of her unborn child. The study aims to evaluate the effects of a behavioural intervention package (BIP) delivered during pregnancy on domestic violence, reproductive and child health, and the quality of life (QOL) of women facing domestic violence.
Methods
A randomised controlled trial was conducted on 211 pregnant women recruited between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy and randomly assigned to one of two groups: study (n = 105) or control (n = 206). The study group received Behavioural intervention and standard care, while the control group received only standard care over 28 weeks. Study tools included socio-demographic variables, an abuse assessment screening tool, a reproductive child health (RCH) checklist, and a short-form health survey (SF-36). The tools were completed once before the intervention and again at six weeks postnatal. The P-value was less than 0.05, which was considered statistically significant.
Results
The results showed that the potential of BIP intervention, which was found to be significantly effective in reducing DV and increasing the QOL for abused pregnant women, was higher in the study group than in the control group (P = 0.001). Moreover, DV and QOL scores significantly improved in the control group from baseline to end line.
Conclusion
The BIP may be an appropriate method for treating pregnant, abused women from low socioeconomic strata who attend public hospitals in India to improve their QOL. The approach may offer a low-cost intervention that healthcare institutions or other organizations in contact with women at risk of violence can implement.
Trial registration
Indian Registry of Clinical Trials number is CTRI/2019/01/017009.
A Novel Method for Energy Efficiency in Internet of Thing (IoT) through Fuzzy Logic and Genetic-Algorithm-Based Clustering applied for Agriculture Monitoring
Authors: Tabatabaei Shayesteh
Published: August 2023

Over the past few decades, research on the Internet of Things (IoT) has advanced quickly thanks to recent advancements in wireless communication technologies. IoT is evolving into a large-scale, all-encompassing network that will be extensively used in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and other fields. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) serve as the IoT systems' primary monitoring infrastructure. WSNs could be used to monitor the conditions in an agricultural field, including temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide, soil moisture, and acidity. These factors have a crucial role in the development, excellence, and yield of crops. In order to gather crucial data, numerous sensor devices are placed in agricultural land. The ability of sensor nodes to conserve energy is thought to be crucial for extending the lifespan of WSNs. Innovative, effective, and cost-effective solutions should be devised to provide reasonable energy consumption and maximize the lifespan of WSNs for agricultural. In routing operations, clustering is recognized as a well-known strategy. In this paper, a novel energy-efficient approach based on genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic is suggested to increase network lifetime. The proposed technique use an integrated clustering structure to reduce the distances between sensor nodes where data must be transmitted. The results of OPNET's simulations showed that the suggested system performs better than the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol in terms of energy usage and WSN lifetime.
EEG Signal Based Multi Class Emotion Recognition using Hybrid 1D-CNN and GRU
Authors: Gupta Harshil , Sharma Ojesh , Bhardwaj Dhruv , Yadav Jyoti , Inderjeet
Published: August 2023

In this study, a hybrid architecture combining a Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is proposed for multi-class emotion recognition using EEG signals.Emotion recognition using EEG signals is a challenging task due to the ever-changing nature of EEG signals and the high dimensionality of the feature space. The proposed approach aims to address these challenges by utilizing a hybrid architecture that combines the strengths of both 1D-CNN and GRU. The 1D-CNN is used to retrieve relevant spatial features from the EEG signals, while the GRU is employed to capture the temporal dependencies in the signals. The models were used to classify multi-class emotions: four and sixteen emotions based on the valence-arousal and valence-arousal-liking-dominance planes, respectively, using the benchmark DEAP dataset. The experiment results showed that the proposed models achieved high accuracy in classifying emotions for both four and sixteen emotions as compared to state of art methods. The results of this research have significant implications for the development of affective computing systems in various fields, including healthcare, human-computer interaction, and education. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of deep learning models in affective computing and provides a foundation for future research in this field. The use of reliable physiological signals and the combination of different architectures have shown to be effective in accurately classifying emotions.
A Rare Presentation of Invasive Glomus Tumor in the Occipital Bone: Case Report
Authors: AlQurashi Ibraheem , Alsayegh Hassan , Abdalla Tagelasfya , Albattat Batla , Ghallab Khalid , Alothman Maram
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Glomus tumor is a perivascular tumor commonly originating from the digits. It is a benign tumor however, few author stated that it can potentially be malignant. Extra-digital glomus tumor is rare and challenging to be diagnosed based on imaging and without histopathological examination. It can mimic a variety of benign and malignant soft tissue neoplasms. Considering this entity in an extra-digital location is the way to accurately diagnose these patients, resulting in proper management.
Case presentation:
This is a 17-year-old male patient with an occipital region swelling with no trauma history or skin changes. Imaging of this of swelling do not give solid conclusion. Surgical resection was done and tuned to be glomus tumor. Following the surgical resection, the patient had no significant residual or recurrence on subsequent clinical follow-up.
Conclusion:
Glomus tumor at the scalp region is a diagnostic challenge mimicking malignancy and locally aggressive neoplasm. This entity should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of hypervascular head and neck masses. Prompt accurate radiological diagnosis of such location is important due to the variability of differential diagnoses.
Influence of cachexia on immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis for malignant tumors of digestive system
Authors: Tao Zhirui , Chen Zhiqin , Gao Yong , Quan Ming
Published: August 2023

Background and aims:
The incidence of malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive system exceeds 30%. Advanced patients are more likely to develop cachexia. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a constant loss of skeletal muscles with or without a loss of weight leading to immune dysfunction. We performed a retrospective study to investigate the influence of cachexia on the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis for malignant tumors of the digestive system.
Methods
The prognosis data of 98 patients with advanced cancer of the digestive system who received immunotherapy in Shanghai Provincial Dongfang Hospital from September 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Cachexia was calculated using the change of the area of the psoas major muscle (PMMA) or the weight. Computed tomography (CT) reading software was utilized to calculate the PMMA at the level of the L3 upper margin. We measured the change at the beginning of immunotherapy and at least two cycles thereafter. According to the evaluation criteria, the participants were divided into cachexia group and control group. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank methods were applied for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazard model as a method was employed to assess the contribution of different clinical factors to the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Spearman’s analysis was implemented for correlation assessment.
Results
A total number of 98 patients diagnosed with malignant tumors of the digestive system, including esophageal carcinoma, gastric, and colorectal and other cancer type, were enrolled. Sixty-two patients were male, with a mean age of 62 ± 13 years at the start of treatment. The objective response rate (ORR) and the disease control rate (DCR) of the 98 cases in the whole group were 5% and 47%, respectively. Neither ORR nor DCR differed between the two groups (ORR: p = 0.654, DCR: p = 0.417). The median PFS in the cachexia group was longer than that in the control group (212 days vs 130 days). However, their difference was not significant (P = 0.321). In the non-cachexia group, the six-month survival rate was 93.6%, and the one-year survival rate was 90.0%. The six-month and one-year survival rates in the cachexia group were 81.6% and 65.8%, respectively. The survival rate of the patients without cachexia was longer than of those with cachexia (p = 0.027). The level of albumin and the number of metastatic organs were related to PFS (p = 0.020, p = 0.029). The level of albumin also was associated with the OS of patients (p = 0.003). The level of albumin was an independent influencing factor of OS (p = 0.003).
Conclusions
Cachexia is a significant factor for poor prognosis of malignant tumors of the digestive system in patients undergoing immunotherapy.
A nationwide cross-sectional survey of prevalence and association of physical activity with suicidal, psychosocial, and risky-health indicators among adolescents in Bangladesh
Authors: KHAN MD. JOBAIR , n/a Sayma , Ganesan Balasankar , Ali Mohammed Usman , Abdullahi Auwal , Hasan S. M. Mahmudul , Khan Atiqur Rahman , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Winser Stanley John
Published: August 2023

Background
Physical activities among adolescents are limited, and suicidal, psychosocial, and risky health indicators are alarmingly rising in low-resource countries, including Bangladesh. Thus, this study investigates the prevalence, associations and relative contributors of physical activity with suicidal, psychosocial, risky-health indicators.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of GSHS database. A total of 2058 adolescents in grades 7 to 10, aged 11 to 17 years completed a self-administered questionnaire. Sex-stratified logistic regression was utilized to evaluate associations between physical activity and suicidal, psychological, and risky-health indicators. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify the risky indicators. Hierarchical regression examined the aforementioned factors' contributions to physical activity.
Results
Half of the adolescents (boys 18.9% vs. girls 30.3%) indicated satisfactory physical activity following WHO guidelines. Most active group of frequency of activity and walking or bicycle to school were positively associated with suicidal behavior. Isolated adolescents suffered anxiety despite frequent engagement in physical activity. Reduced frequency of physical activity was significantly associated with sexual activity, smoking, tobacco product usage (girls), alcohol abuse (boys), and ever-abusing drug use (boys and girls). Cluster analysis revealed girls and boys were predisposed to physical abuse and bully, respectively. Hierarchical regression models showed a significant contribution of selected predictors to physical activity.
Conclusion
Increased physical activity through regular walking and bicycling may lower suicidal behavior among adolescents. The most active groups of physical activity were associated with predictors and varied by sex; boys were bullied, while girls were subjected to physical abuse.
Cost-utility analysis of palivizumab for preventing respiratory syncytial virus in preterm neonates and infants in Colombia
Authors: Ordóñez Jaime E. , Huertas Victor M.
Published: August 2023

Aim.
Palivizumab has proven effective in reducing hospitalizations, preventing severe illness, improving health outcomes, and reducing healthcare costs for infants at risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We aim to assess the value of palivizumab in preventing RSV infection in high-risk infants in Colombia, where RSV poses a significant threat, causing severe respiratory illness and hospitalizations.
Methods.
We conducted a decision tree analysis to compare five doses of palivizumab with no palivizumab. The study considered three population groups: preterm neonates (≤ 35 weeks gestational age), infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and infants with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (CHD). We obtained clinical efficacy data from IMpact-RSV and Cardiac Synagis trials, while we derived neonatal hospitalization risks from the SENTINEL-1 study. We based hospitalization and recurrent wheezing management costs on Colombian analyses and validated them by experts. We estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and performed 1,000 Monte Carlo simulations for probabilistic sensitivity analyses.
Results.
Palivizumab is a dominant strategy for preventing RSV infection in preterm neonates and infants with BPD and CHD. Its high efficacy (78% in preventing RSV in preterm infants), the substantial risk of illness and hospitalization, and the high costs associated with hospitalization, particularly in neonatal intensive care settings, support this finding. The scatter plots and willingness-to-pay curves align with these results.
Conclusion.
Palivizumab is a cost-saving strategy in Colombia, effectively preventing RSV infection in preterm neonates and infants with BPD and CHD by reducing hospitalizations and lowering healthcare costs.
Validation of Chinese version of the 5-Item WHO Well-Being Index in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Du Jianhua , Jiang Yinan , Lloyd Cathy , Sartorius Norman , Ren Jie , Zhao Weigang , Wei Jing , Hong Xia
Published: August 2023

Background
For better disease management and improved prognosis, early identification of co-morbid depression in diabetic patients is warranted. the WHO-5 well-being index (WHO-5) has been used to screen for depression in diabetic patients, and its Chinese version (WHO-5-C) has been validated. However, its psychometric properties remain to be further validated in the type 2 diabetes patient population. The aim of our study was to examine the reliability and validity of the WHO-5-C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients from July 2014 to March 2015. All patients should complete the WHO-5-C, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the 20-item problem areas in diabetes (PAID-20), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Internal consistency of WHO-5 was revealed by Cronbach’s alpha, and constructive validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Relationship with PHQ-9, HAM-D and PAID-20 was examined for concurrent validity, and ROC analysis was performed for criterion validity.
Results
The WHO-5-C presented satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88). CFA confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of WHO-5-C. The WHO-5-C had significant negative correlation with HAM-D (r=-0.610), PHQ-9 (r=-0.694) and PAID-20 (r=-0.466), confirming good concurrent validity. Using M.I.N.I as the gold standard, the cut-off value of WHO-5-C was 42, with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.75.
Conclusion
The WHO-5-C holds satisfactory reliability and validity that is suitable for depression screening in type 2 diabetes patients as a short and convenient instrument.
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications in Iranian elderly hospitalized patients
Authors: Kermani Ali Sharifzadeh , Borhaninejad Vahidreza , Sepehri Gholamreza , Momeni Mohsen , Danaei Mina
Published: August 2023

Background: Population aging is a health challenge in the world and Iran. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) should not be prescribed to the elderly due to low effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. There are various tools for screening PIMs including Zhan's criteria. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of PIMs in the elderly admitted to teaching hospitals in Kerman, in 2023.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 1500 elderly patients hospitalized in educational hospitals in Kerman, Iran, 2023. The inclusion criteria were determined as age> 60 years. Patients with incomplete electronic information were excluded from the study. Patients were selected using stratified multistage sampling method. The data collection forms were completed according to the Health Information System (HIS) of the hospital, which includes the patient's age and gender, drug information, and the name of the hospital and ward. PIMs prescriptions were assessed according to Zhan's criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0. The results were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for quantitative data and frequencies (percents) for qualitative data.
Results: Nearly 17.79% of patients were treated with at least one PIMs included in the Zhan criteria. Among them, one PIMs was found in 76.02%, two PIMs were detected in 19.86%, and three or more PIMs were found in 4.12% of patient’s records. Patients who were admitted to the surgical ward (47.5%), Critical Care Unit (34.2%), and infectious diseases ward (25.3) had the most percent of prescribing PIMs. Totally, 331 PIMs were used for patients. Considering the classification of Zhan, 43.51%, 23.26%, and 33.23% of drugs were classified as always avoid, rarely appropriate, and some indication, respectively. Considering pharmaceutical categories, sedative-hypnotics, opioids, and antihistamines were the most prevalent PIMs. Among inappropriate drugs, pethidine, chlordiazepoxide, Hyoscine, Chlorpheniramine, and Indomethacin were the most prevalent PIMs, respectively.
Conclusions: PIMs are still frequently experienced by elderly patients in Iranian hospitals. Specifically, physicians in the surgical ward, Critical Care Unit, and infectious diseases ward need to be more aware of PIMs. More attention should be paid to sedative-hypnotics, opioids, and antihistamines as the most frequently prescribed PIMs.
Loss of DRD5P2 in hypoxia attenuates ROCK2 degradation to promote EMT and gastric cancer metastasis
Authors: Yu Zhenjia , Pan Tao , Wang Xiaofeng , Jin Zhijian , Lu Yifan , Wu Xiongyan , Hou Junyi , Wu Airong , Li Zhen , Chang Xinyu , Zhou Quan , Li Jianfang , Liu Wentao , Ni Zhentian , Yang Zhongyin , Li Chen , Yan Min , Liu Bingya , Yan Chao , Zhu Zhenggang , Su Liping
Published: August 2023

Background: Metastasis is the leading cause of gastric cancer (GC)-related death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GC metastasis are not well understood. In this study, we focus on DRD5P2, a novel long non-coding RNA, in GC metastasis.
Methods: Expression of DRD5P2 in GC is detected by RT-PCR and FISH. The effect of DRD5P2 in GC cells were examined by transwell invasion and migration assays. The pathways underlying DRD5P2/ROCK2 signaling were studied by Western blot, Co-IP, Ch-IP and RIP analysis. Regulatory mechanism between hypoxia and DRD5P2 expression were explored in vitro by Ch-IP and Dual-luciferase reporter assays.
Results: DRD5P2 expression is down-regulated in advanced human GC and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Gain- and loss- of function studies show that DRD5P2 inhibits GC cell migration, invasion, and EMT in vitro, as well as peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Mechanistic analysis reveals that DRD5P2 binds with ROCK2 and recruits the E3-ubiquitin ligase KAP1 to mediate ROCK2 degradation, thus suppressing the Ezrin/HRAS/ERK/CREB pathway and ultimately attenuating Snail-mediated EMT and GC metastasis. Furthermore, DRD5P2 transcription is inhibited by hypoxia in a HIF-1α/ZNF263-dependent manner in GC cells.
Conclusions: DRD5P2 acts as a tumor suppressor in GC metastasis by suppressing ROCK2/ERK/Snail signaling, and DRD5P2 is transcriptionally suppressed under hypoxia via HIF-1α/ZNF263 axis.
Population genomics and epigenomics provide insights into the evolution of facultative asexuality in plants
Authors: Xu Shuqing , Wang Yangzi , Pablo Duchen , Chávez Alexandra , S K. Sowjanya , Appenroth Klaus , Zhao Hai , Widmer Alex , Huber Meret
Published: August 2023

Many organisms, particularly plants, can reproduce both sexually and asexually but with varying frequencies. Because variations in the reproductive system profoundly affect fitness and genomic diversity, natural selection should act on changes between sexual and asexual types of propagation. However, the genomic evidence of natural selection driving switches between reproductive systems remains scarce, and the evolutionary consequences of such switches on the genomic and epigenomic diversity remain controversial. Here, by analyzing population genomes and epigenomes of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., a facultatively asexual angiosperm, we show that while the genomic diversity and DNA methylation levels are very low, they vary among populations. These variations are associated with both the demographic history and the frequency of sexual reproduction in each population. A genome-wide scan revealed that multiple genes involved in flowering and embryogenesis were under positive selection, consistent with the hypothesis that natural selection drove the evolution of asexuality in this plant. Together, these results provide new insights into the evolution of plant reproductive systems and suggest that natural selection can drive the evolutionary changes of asexuality, which in turn alters the levels of genomic and epigenomic diversity.
The disparity in hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination between older adults in care homes and those in the community in Taizhou, China
Authors: Wu Xudong , Lv Li , Yan Huanjun , Zhao Shuangying , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhu Kelei
Published: August 2023

Older adults are priority coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine recipients. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of and factors influencing vaccine hesitancy in older adults living in care homes and communities. A self-administered COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey was conducted from September 2021 to December 2021 among people aged ≥60 years in eight care homes (382 participants) and the community (112 participants) in Taizhou, China. We found that 58.1% of the older adults in care homes and 36.6% of those in the community were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and that there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression results indicated that the main factors influencing hesitation among the older adults in care homes were being male (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.01-2.76); their cognitive level, including having a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection (OR=3.06, 95% CI: 1.73-5.43) or the perception of low vaccine safety (OR=3.08, 95% CI: 1.545- 6.145); anxiety (OR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.96-5.99); and no previous influenza vaccination (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.13-2.93); whereas those for older adults in the community were comorbid chronic diseases (OR=3.13, 95% CI: 1.11- 8.78) and community workers not recommending the vaccine (OR=8.223, 95% CI: 1.77-38.27). The proportion of older adults in care homes who were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was significantly higher than for older adults in the community. Targeted measures should be implemented to reduce vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination rates in response to the special environment of care homes and the characteristics of this population.
Molecular patterns of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma
Authors: Jonsson Goran , Lauss Martin , Phung Bengt , Borch Troels , Harbst Katja , Kaminska Kamila , Ebbesson Anna , Hedenfalk Ingrid , Yuan Joan , Nielsen Kari , Ingvar Christian , Carneiro Ana , Isaksson Karolin , Pietras Kristian , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco
Published: August 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcome for metastatic melanoma patients but not all benefit from treatment. Several immune- and tumor intrinsic features are associated with clinical response at baseline. However, we need to further understand the molecular changes occurring during development of ICB resistance. Here, we collected biopsies from a unique cohort of 44 melanoma patients after progression to anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 monotherapy. Genetic alterations of antigen presentation and interferon gamma signaling pathways were observed in approximately 25% of ICB resistant cases. Anti-CTLA4 resistant lesions had a sustained immune response, including immune-regulatory features, as suggested by multiplex spatial and TCR clonality analyses. One anti-PD1 resistant lesion harbored a distinct immune cell niche, however, anti-PD1 resistant tumors were generally immune poor with non-expanded TCR clones. Such immune poor microenvironments were associated with melanoma cells having a de-differentiated phenotype lacking expression of MHC-I molecules. In addition, anti-PD1 resistant tumors had reduced fractions of PD1+ CD8+ T cells as compared to ICB naïve metastases. Collectively, these data show the complexity of ICB resistance and highlight differences between anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 resistance that may underlie differential clinical outcomes of therapy sequence and combination.
Utilizing a composite citation index for evaluating clinical ophthalmology research: insights into gender, nationality, and self-citation among top ophthalmology researchers
Authors: Pan Annabelle , Pham Alex , Appelo Ben , Legault Gary , Woreta Fasika , Justin Grant
Published: August 2023

Objectives
To compare the performance of a composite citation score (c-score) and its six constituent citation indices, including H-index, in assessing research impact in the field of ophthalmology. Secondarily, to explore career and demographic characteristics of the most highly cited researchers in ophthalmology.
Methods
A publicly available database was accessed to compile a set of top researchers in the field of clinical ophthalmology and optometry based on Scopus data from 1996-2021. Each citation index was evaluated against the Weisenfeld Award in Ophthalmology, presented by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) and used in this study as a “ground truth” reference for identifying authors with high research impact. Secondary analyses investigated authors’ self-citation rates, career length, gender, and country affiliation.
Results
Approximately one thousand unique authors publishing primarily in clinical ophthalmology/optometry were listed in the Scopus-derived database. The c-score consistently included the highest number of Weisenfeld awardees in its top ranks, outperforming other citation indices. Superior ranking by c-score was weakly associated with higher self-citation rate. The top 50 researchers by c-score had significantly longer career lengths compared to other ophthalmology researchers. Overall, 16 percent of authors in the database were identified as female, and 64 percent were affiliated with the United States of America. The average c-score did not differ between female and male authors.
Conclusion
The c-score is an effective metric for assessing research impact in ophthalmology by capturing more Weisenfeld awardees compared to commonly used citation indices.
The fertilizing intention of married childless women and its influencing factors -----a cross-sectional study in China after Two-child policy
Authors: Zhao Xuanli , Wang Ruixian , Ye Ding , Jing Fangyuan
Published: August 2023

Background: To investigate the fertilizing intention of these married childless women and the its influencing factors.
Methods: Married women of childbearing age (20-49 years old) who had been married and without biological child for more than 1 years (Married Childless Women, MCW) in Zhejiang, China were recruited and face-to-face interviewed for their fertilizing intention and possible influencing factors. Unconditional Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between potential influencing factors and fertilizing intention.
Results: Overall, 22.14% of study population were not willing to have child. Furthermore, approximately 40% of these “married childless women with fertilizing intention” wished to have only one child in their lives. Fertilizing intention rate of MCWs went up first before the age of 35, then it decreased dramatically with increasing age. Influencing factors of MCWs’ fertilizing intention included age, duration of marriage (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.08-1.13), more marriages (OR: 1.4; 95% CI:1.06-1.84), residential location (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.65-0.90), education level (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22), pregnant history (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.28-0.65) abnormal menstrual blood volume (either heavy(OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98), light(OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51-0.84), appropriate age of birth considered by MCW (OR: 1.13; 95% CI 0.94-1.35) and appropriate age of marriage considered by MCW (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.92-1.93). Women with higher education level (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05-1.53), Coming from rural area (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07-1.43), and having an irregular menstruation (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.15-1.56) tend to want more children when compared with the reference group.
Conclusion: After the implementation of “Two Child Policy”, the fertilizing intention rate of married childless women in Zhejiang, China was 77.86%. Of the cohort of married childless women who expressed a desire to conceive, almost 40% indicated a preference for having a single child. The influencing factors that affect the fertilizing intention should be carefully considered by policy makers when developing effective reproductive health and family planning policies. This approach will ensure that policies are tailored to meet the needs and preferences of married childless women.