bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Side Effects of Glucocorticoids: In Vivo Models and Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Dodonova Svetlana A. , Zhidkova Ekaterina M. , Kryukov Aleksei A. , Valiev Timur T. , Kulikov Evgenii P. , Yakubovskaya Marianna G. , Lesovaya Ekaterina A.
Published: December 2024

Glucocorticoids are widely used in the therapy of inflammatory and autoimmune disease as well as cancer. They realize the therapeutic effects via cytotoxic action on the immune cells; however, glucocorticoids are characterized by multiple severe side effects including metabolic and atrophic complications as well as glucocorticoid resistance development. With the progression in the field of steroid research and their mechanism of action, several steroid and non-steroid GC analogues with decreased adverse effects were developed for potential treatment on cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the important criteria of the evaluation of the efficacy of such molecules is the proof-of-concept studies in vivo on the proper models of the main disease as well as potential GC-related side effects. Here we summarized the current experience of the research groups worldwide in modeling of GC undesirable effects. The presented review will be useful for the translational research of GC and their analogues in vivo.
Bibliometric Review of Osteochondral Interface Regeneration
Authors: Kadyr Sanazar , Khumyrzakh Bakhytbol , Erisken Cevat
Published: December 2024

The topic of OC interface (OCI) has shown an increasing interest in recent years, with a considerable increase in the number of publications. Here, the aim was to reveal trend in OCI research studies and analyze the publications with high citations. An online search was performed on the Web of Science Core Collection (WSCC) for publications on OCI. The journals, publication year, countries, institutions, and citations received were obtained, and the results were analyzed using VOSviewer. Only the most frequently cited top 100 publications on OCI were further considered. Totally, 225 publications were found related to OCI. The number of publications on OCI has increased with time. The US has published the most articles on OCI (n=61). The University of Minho (Portugal) was the most productive institution, with 8 publications and 753 citations. The number of publications on OC interface has recently increased. This study is the first bibliometric study evaluating publications on the OC interface and serves as a valuable source for researchers and practitioners actively working in the field.
Influence of Cooling Rate on The Flexural and Impact Properties of Compression Moulded Non-Woven Flax/Pla Biocomposites
Authors: Pisupati Anurag , Curto Marco , Laurent Thomas , Cosson Benoit , PARK Chung Hae , Dhakal Hom Nath
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the influence of crystallinity on the mechanical properties of needle punched non-woven flax/polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites with different flax fiber contents. Biocomposites were fabricated by a compression molding adopting different cooling rates to understand the source of crystallinity and their contribution to the mechanical properties. Image-based analysis of the fiber distribution in non-woven preform indicates the probable origins of the residual porosities and the potential nucleation sites for crystal formation within the composites. The improvement of 25% and 100% in flexural modulus is observed for the composites with 40% and 50% of fiber volume fractions, respectively when subjected to lower cooling rate, which implies the significant influence of the residual void content on the brittleness of composites. The impact properties of the composites decrease about 11% when the cooling rate decreases to 1°C/min, which increases the brittleness of the composites. The induced impact and flexural properties of the composites are compared with those of other composites in the literature to emphasize their applicability to semi-structural applications.
Lumbopelvic Muscle Mechanical Properties in Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Cruz-Medel Inés , Peña-Toledo María Ángeles , Alburquerque-Sendín Francisco , Rodrigues-de-Souza Daiana Priscila , Conde-Gavilán Cristina , Jover-Sánchez Ana María , Carmona-Medialdea Claudia , Agüera-Morales Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: To compare the lumbopelvic muscle mechanical properties (MMPs) of women with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) and explore relationships between these properties and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 22 women with MS and 22 age- and BMI-matched women without MS. MMPs (frequency, stiffness, decrement, relaxation, and creep) of pelvic floor and lumbar paravertebral muscles were assessed using a MyotonPRO device. Sociodemographic and clinical data related to pelvic floor health were also collected. Results: Women with MS showed significant differences in pelvic floor MMPs, including higher frequency (3.26 Hz; 95% CI [2.12, 4.41]), stiffness (90 N/m; 95% CI [55.09, 124.91]), and decrement (0.2; 95% CI [0.09, 0.31]) and lower relaxation (6.15 ms; 95% CI [8.26, 4.05]) and creep (0.24; 95% CI [0.34, 0.13]) compared to women without MS. For lumbar paravertebral muscles, differences were observed only on the right side, with lower frequency (2.15 Hz; 95% CI [0.28, 4.02]) and stiffness (62.17 N/m; 95% CI [10.7, 113.65]) in women with MS. Correlation patterns between MMPs and clinical characteristics differed by group, with moderate correlations found only in the MS group (e.g., EDSS: r = 0.57; p = 0.006; PFDI-20: r = 0.47; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Women with MS exhibit altered pelvic floor MMPs, characterized by reduced tone and stiffness and increased elasticity and viscoelasticity, while lumbar paravertebral differences are minimal. These findings highlight the need for objective MMP assessments in women with MS to guide preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Cardiovascular Disease Screening in Primary School Children
Authors: Bagkaki Alena , Parthenakis Fragiskos , Chlouverakis Gregory , Galanakis Emmanouil , Germanakis Ioannis
Published: December 2024

Background. Screening for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and associated risk factors in childhood could allow for early detection and prevention. Limited data are though available regarding screening tools and their diagnostic yield, when applied in unselected pediatric populations.Aims.To evaluate the performance of a CVD screening program, based on history, 12 lead ECG and phonocardiography, applied in primary school children.Methods: Prospective study, with voluntary participation of 3rd grade primary school children in the region of Crete/Greece, over 6 years (2018-24). Personal and family history by using standardized questionnaire, physical evaluation (including weight, height, blood pressure measurement), cardiac auscultation (digital phonocardiography-PCG) and 12 –lead electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded at local health stations (Phase I). Following expert verification of responses and obtained data, assisted by designated electronic health record with incorporated decision support algorithms (phase II), pediatric cardiology evaluation at the tertiary referral center followed (phase III). Results: A total 944 children participated (boys 49.6%). 790 (83.7%) had Phase I referral indication, confirmed in 311(32.9%) during Phase II evaluation. Adiposity (10.8%) and hypertension (3.2%) as risk factors for CVD were documented in 10.8% and 3.2% of the total population, respectively. During Phase III evaluations (n=201), the majority (n=132, 14% of total) of children were considered as having a further indication for evaluation by other pediatric subspecialties for their reported symptoms. Abnormal CVD findings were present in 69 (7.3%) of the study population, including minor / trivial structural heart disease in 23 (2.4%) and 17 (1.8%) respectively, referred due to abnormal cardiac auscultation, and ECG abnormalities in 29 (3%); of them 6 (0.6%)were considered potentially significant (including 1 case of genetically confirmed chanellopathy-LQT syndrome). Conclusions: CVD screening programs in school children can be very helpful for the early detection of CVD risk factors and of their general health as well. Expert cardiac auscultation and 12-lead ECG allow for the detection of structural and arrhythmogenic heard disease, respectively. Further study is needed regarding performance of individual components, accuracy of interpretation (including computer assisted diagnosis) and cost effectiveness, before large scale application of CVD screening in unselected pediatric populations.
Enhancing International Data Spaces Security: A STRIDE Framework Approach
Authors: Gavric Nikola , Shalaginov Andrii , Andrushevich Aliaksei , Rumsch Andreas , Paice Andrew
Published: December 2024

The proliferation of IoT devices and big data has catalyzed the emergence of data markets. Regulatory and technological frameworks such as the International Data Spaces (IDS) have been developed to facilitate secure data exchange while integrating security and data sovereignty aspects required by laws and regulations, such as the GDPR and NIS2. Recently, novel attack vectors have taken a toll on many enterprises, causing significant damage despite the deployed security mechanisms. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that the IDS may be just as susceptible. In this paper, we conduct a STRIDE threat analysis on IDS to assess its susceptibility to traditional and emerging cybersecurity threats. Specifically, we evaluate novel risks in widely used software, including Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, compromised end-user devices, SIM swapping, and potential backdoors. Our analysis identifies multiple vulnerabilities, particularly at the trust boundary (TB) between users and the IDS system. These include Denial of Service (DoS) risks, key management weaknesses, and the mentioned novel threats. We discuss the hacking techniques, tools, and associated risks to the IDS framework, followed by targeted mitigation strategies and recommendations. This work provides foundational insights to support the development of a safer and more resilient data space architecture.
Understanding General Practitioner and Patient Perceptions of Integrating Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Management – A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study in the RELIEF Project
Authors: Poß-Doering Regina , Carter Sarina , Brinkmöller Sabrina , Möhler Melanie , Dupont Dominik , Paul Cinara , Zugaj Marco Richard , Wurmbach Viktoria , Balzer Alexandra , Wensing Michel , Straßner Cornelia
Published: December 2024

Chronic non-cancer-related pain is an independent condition with a multi-causal genesis. Guide-lines highlight the need for holistic treatment based on the bio-psycho-social model. While pre-scribing medication is common, it remains unclear how and to what extent non-pharmacological interventions are considered and recommended in general practice pain management. The pro-ject RELIEF explored integration of non-pharmacological interventions in general practice in Germany from physician and patient perspectives.
A mixed-methods study collected data with patients and general practitioners via semi-structured telephone interviews and self-developed questionnaires. Qualitative data were analyzed in a reflexive thematic analysis. Survey data were analyzed descriptively.
N=383 questionnaires (n=131 General practitioners, n=252 patients) and n=61 interviews (n=21 General practitioners, n=40 patients) were analyzed. Patient and physician perceptions of inte-grating non-pharmacological interventions differed. Patients felt pharmacological therapy was recommended primarily, applied non-pharmacological interventions based on own initiative, and were aware of bio-psycho-social interrelations. Physicians perceived they often recom-mended physiotherapy and psychotherapy alongside analgesics, and asked about non-pharmacological interventions (79.4%), explained the bio-psycho-social chronic pain genesis (55.7%), and provided information on physical (48.9%) and social (35.9%) activity, relaxation techniques (42%), topical applications (31.9%), and support groups (25.2%).
Integration of holistic pain management and communication between patients and GPs appear to need strengthening.
Comparative Performance of Ante-Mortem Diagnostic Assays for the Identification of Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Domestic Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)
Authors: O'Halloran Conor , Burr Paul , Gunn-Moore Danielle , Hope Jayne
Published: December 2024

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a competent host for Mycobacterium (M.) bovis infection but no ante-mortem diagnostic tests have been fully validated for this species. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of ante-mortem diagnostic tests across samples collected from dogs considered to be at high or low risk of sub-clinical M. bovis infection. We tested a total of 164 dogs at high risk of infection, 42 dogs at low risk of infection and 77 presumed TB-free dogs with a combination of cell-based and/or serological diagnostic assays previously described for use in non-canid species. The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) identified the highest number of test positive animals (85, 52%), with a suggested specificity of 97.3%, whilst a whole blood IGRA was found to be unreliable. The production of antigen-specific tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by PBMC in response to a cocktail of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 peptides correlated very strongly with the overall IGRA results suggesting future diagnostic potential. All three serological assays employed in this study (Idexx M. bovis Ab ELISA, [Idexx Laboratories, USA], DPP VetTB lateral flow assay [Chembio, USA] and comparative PPD ELISA [in-house]) identified seropositive dogs but, overall, the test-positive rate for the serological assays was only one third that of the cellular based assays. Circulating serum cytokine concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α were not statistically different between high and low risk groups of dogs. While many dogs in the high-risk group had serum biochemical abnormalities, these did not correlate with the findings from the diagnostic TB tests. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the utility of two cellular and three serological assays for detecting sub-clinical M. bovis infections of dogs. Whilst the data suggest high test specificity for all assays evaluated, further work is needed to validate the sensitivity and specificity of individual or combinations of tests using sufficient numbers of dogs of known infection status.
Study of the Efficiency of a Carotene-Containing Probiotic Feed Additive in the Diet of Growing Pigs
Authors: Yaderets Vera V. , Karpova Nataliya V. , Dzhavakhiya Vakhtang V. , Glagoleva Elena V. , Kartashov Maksim I. , Ostrenko Konstantin S.
Published: December 2024

The effect of carotene-containing probiotic feed additive on the digestibility and assimilation of feed and zootechnical indices of growing piglets was studied. The study involved 40 crossbred male piglets (F1: Duroc‒Landrace) with a live weight of 20‒25 kg. Two groups were formed, each with 20 piglets, based on the principle of analogues. The experiment was performed during a fattening period and lasted 30 days. The experimental group received a complete feed supplemented with the studied feed additive that resulted in a 6.8% increase in the daily weight gain compared to the control group. Piglets from the experimental group showed increased digestibility coefficients for dry matter (+2.2%), organic matter (+2.5%), and protein (+2.1%) compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated a trend towards increase in the protein fractions in blood serum as well as the same trend for the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and phagocytic count. The study also demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of Salmonella and Enterococcus cells in the experimental group. The obtained results allow us to recommend this feed additive for use in the diet of fattened piglets.
Potential of Autophagy in Submacular Fibrosis in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Blasiak Janusz , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Helotera Hanna , Derwich Marcin , Kaarniranta Kai
Published: December 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that can lead to legal blindness and sight loss. The advanced form of AMD is categorized into dry and neovascular AMD. In neovascular AMD, the formation of new blood vessels disturbs the structure of the retina and induces an inflammatory response. Neovascular AMD is treated with antibodies and fusion proteins against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) to inhibit neovascularization and delay sight loss. Nevertheless, a quarter of neovascular AMD patients do not respond to therapy. Many of these patients presented with subretinal fibrotic scars. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, choroidal fibroblasts, and retinal glial cells play crucial roles in the formation of the fibrotic scar, as they can undergo a mesenchymal transition mediated by transforming growth factor beta and other molecules, leading to their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, which are critical players in subretinal fibrosis. The mesenchymal transition of retinal cells and dysfunction of the extracellular matrix, the two main aspects of fibrotic scar formation, are associated with impaired autophagy, an important player in AMD pathogenesis, but the causal relationship between autophagy and subretinal fibrosis is not known. This narrative/perspective review presents information on neovascular AMD, subretinal fibrosis, and autophagy and argues that impaired autophagy may be important for fibrosis-related resistance to anti-VEGFA therapy in neovascular AMD.
Eribulin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer: Final Analysis of the Prospective Cohort IRENE Study
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Hesse Tobias , Hoffmann Oliver , Heinrich Bernhard , Park-Simon Tjoung-Won , Grischke Eva-Maria , Weide Rudolf , Müller Huesmann Harald , Lüdtke-Heckenkamp Kerstin , Fischer Dorothea , Zemlin Cosima , Kögel Matthias , Jia Yan , Schmitz Helga , Engelbrecht Christian , Jackisch Christian
Published: December 2024

Eribulin is a preferred treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer (BC) following anthracyclines and taxanes. The final analysis of the IRENE study assessed the incidence and resolution of eribulin-induced peripheral neuropathy (EIPN), along with safety and quality of life (QoL), in patients with advanced/metastatic BC. IRENE was an observational, single-arm, prospective, multicenter, cohort study. Patients aged ≥18 years with locally advanced/metastatic BC that progressed after 1-3 prior chemotherapeutic regimens received eribulin and were monitored for new-onset or worsening EIPN. Secondary endpoints included time to disease progression, safety, and health-related QoL. 108 (32.2%) Of 335 patients experienced EIPN; 18 (5.4%) experienced grade ≥3 EIPN. Median time to EIPN resolution (EIPN ended or returned to baseline) was 78.7 weeks (95% CI 77.1-not estimable). Median time to disease progression was 4.5 months (95% CI 3.9-5.5). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 322 (96.1%) patients; serious TEAEs occurred in 185 (55.2%) patients. Incidence and resolution rates of EIPN were comparable with existing evidence from previous trials. TEAEs were consistent with the established eribulin safety profile, with no new safety signals. Eribulin treatment did not appear to affect QoL, as measured by EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS, or patient-reported neuropathy symptoms, as measured by the PNQ.
A call for more detailed commercial aviation statistics in media reports
Authors: D'Amico Francesco
Published: December 2024

As passenger figures have been growing for several decades and only remarkable economic crises such as the one induced by Covid-19 have been able to slow down this fast growth, the way commercial aviation statistics have been reported by the media has not adapted to the variety of niches filled by airlines, depending on their business models, fleets, services, and routes. Media reports generally provide one key parameter (number of passengers) and, at times, other relevant parameters (number of flights, cargo tonnage) which alone do not provide exhaustive information on the current variability of commercial air traffic. Statistics showing, for instance, the busiest airlines in the world in terms of pure passenger figures are not funded on the core of commercial aviation statistics, such as PKF (passengers kilometers flown), seat configurations comprised of First/Business and comparable classes, etc. Another key factor is a number of vital special services provided by legacy carriers which are pretty much neglected by media reports. Via an excursus on the issue and tabled estimates on whether the PKF parameter could be used as a general factor of differentiation between different categories of airlines, this paper is aimed at showing how media reports should include a wider range of parameters and provide extra information on the actual complexity of modern-day air travel. Passenger special services such as those aimed at people whose mobility is reduced are among the key parameters analyzed for the purpose of this research.
Implementing a Wide Area Network and Low Power Solution Using LoRaWAN
Authors: Pîțu Floarea , Găitan Nicoleta Cristina
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, technology has undergone significant transformations, aimed at optimizing and enhancing the quality of human life. A prime example of this progress is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Today, IoT is widely applied across diverse sectors, including logistics, communications, agriculture, education, and infrastructure, demonstrating its versatility and profound relevance in various domains. Agriculture has historically been a fundamental sector for meeting humanity's basic needs, and it is indispensable for survival and development. Despite the remarkable technological advances of the modern era, challenges in this sector persist, and the desired levels of raw material production are not always achieved. A critical factor in this regard is climatic and meteorological conditions directly influencing agricultural productivity. Therefore, real-time monitoring and analysis of these variables become imperative for optimizing production and reducing vulnerability to climate change. In this paper, a system based on the LoRa modulation technique and the LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) protocol has been developed, which is applicable to wide area networks and requires low power consumption, for example for agricultural applications.
General Theory of Information and Self-Managing Secure Services on the Internet
Authors: Mikkilineni Rao , Kelly W. Patrick
Published: December 2024

The Internet provides an endless supply of information, enables communication, collaboration, and commerce at a global scale, and supports businesses large and small with platforms for e-commerce, remote work, and digital marketing. On the other hand, our privacy and security are threatened by hackers and fraudsters. The anonymity on the Internet often leads to abuse. Large investments and various efforts from governments, private companies, and regulators are of no avail. In this paper, we argue that these issues are not solvable through operational improvements but stem from the foundational issues related to the computing models upon which the information technologies are built. Recent advances in the General Theory of Information provide insights to improving the computing structures that mimic living organisms with self-regulation and cognitive capabilities to detect threats and defend themselves using inherited and learned knowledge. A three-tier Internet architecture is suggested, and its properties are explored. It is oriented at improving the security and safety of the Internet functioning and providing better tools for interaction between consumers and Internet services. The suggested architecture is based on biological analogies, innovative computational models, such as structural machines and grid automata, as well as on the far-reaching general theory of information.
Challenges in the Implementation of Catchment-Based Solutions for Integrated Stormwater Planning in Auckland’s Greenfield Development
Authors: Jayawardena Iresh
Published: December 2024

Auckland’s rapid urban growth into greenfield areas presents significant challenges for sustainable stormwater planning, particularly in terms of disrupting natural hydrological systems. This study investigates the potential of catchment-based solutions within Auckland’s strategic planning framework, focusing on two major greenfield development projects as case studies. Through inductive reasoning and thematic analysis, the research identifies key barriers such as unclear policy provisions, overlapping responsibilities, conflicting stakeholder priorities, and inconsistent policy interpretations. These challenges highlight the complexities of aligning urban development goals with catchment-based stormwater management practices. The findings highlight the need for a more integrated planning approach to effectively address these issues and mitigate risks to natural hydrological systems. Additionally, this research offers theoretical insights into the integration of urban planning and stormwater management, providing practical implications for enhancing the sustainability of greenfield developments worldwide. Addressing these challenges is crucial for achieving cohesive and effective catchment-specific stormwater planning that supports both urban growth and environmental sustainability.
The Carbon Reduction Mechanism and Adaptive Planning Strategies of TOD Neighborhood Form Regulation for Microclimate Effects
Authors: Dai Peng , Liu Haotian , Han Song , Liu Chuanyan , Fu Guannan , Wang Yanjun
Published: December 2024

Adapting to climate change and controlling carbon emissions have emerged as significant challenges confronted by the international community. The high-quality pedestrian space system of TOD neighborhoods, as an essential means for carbon reduction and sink enhancement in cities, has exhibited a demonstration effect of green intensification, low-carbon sustainability in urban spatial development. The intersectional research of low-carbon block creation and urban microclimate was conducted, along with microclimate simulation (CFD) calculation of the pedestrian space morphology of typical TOD neighborhoods in Qingdao. The correlation between the simulation experiment results and the measured data was compared and comprehensively evaluated to quantitatively analyze the coupling relationship between the block morphology and the comprehensive microclimate environment of wind, heat, and carbon. Summarize and extract the adaptive planning strategies of TOD block space for low-carbon purposes, aiming to realize the low-carbon transformation of cities through the creation of a healthy microclimate environment.
Optimizing Fungicide Seed Treatments for Early Foliar Disease Management in Wheat under Northern Great Plains Conditions
Authors: Bugingo Collins , Byamukama Emmanuel , Ali Shaukati , Yabwalo Dalitso
Published: December 2024

Tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) are major foliar diseases of wheat, causing significant yield losses globally. This study evaluated the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments in managing these diseases during early growth stages under greenhouse, growth chamber, and field conditions in the Northern Great Plains. Winter and spring wheat cultivars were treated with pyraclostrobin or combinations of thiamethoxam, difenoconazole, mefenoxam, fludioxonil, and sedaxane, among others. Greenhouse and growth chamber plants were inoculated with the respective pathogens, while field trials relied on natural inoculum. Fungicide treatments significantly reduced stripe rust severity (up to 36%) and moderately reduced tan spot severity during early growth stages. Treated plants showed improved plant vigor, winter survival, and grain yield, with an increase in test weight and protein content compared to untreated controls. These findings demonstrate the potential of fungicide seed treatments as an integrated pest management strategy to enhance early foliar disease control and wheat productivity.
Targeted Complement Treatments in Glomerulopathies: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gentile Micaela , Manenti Lucio
Published: December 2024

The complement system include soluble and cell surface proteins and it is an important arm of the innate immune system. Once activated, the complement system rapidly gener-ates proteins with inflammatory and vasoactive activities. Although complement is crucial to host defense and homeostasis, its inappropriate or uncontrolled activation can also drive tissue injury. Glomerulopathy encompasses a spectrum of diseases with diverse eti-ologies, clinical presentations, and outcomes. Among the intricate web of factors contrib-uting to glomerulopathies pathogenesis, the role of complement activation has emerged as a focal point of research interest and therapeutic intervention. The pioneer drug was eculizumab, which made it possible to drastically change the prognosis of atypical hemo-lytic uremic syndrome, an otherwise fatal disease. This comprehensive review aims to elu-cidate the multifaceted interplay between complement pathways and glomerulopathy, shedding light on potential pathway for targeted therapies and improved patient care.
GAN-Based Synthesis of Multivariate Time-Series Data for Electric Vehicle Driving Scenarios
Authors: Jeng Shyr-Long
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a time-series point-to-point generative adversarial network (TS-p2pGAN) for synthesizing realistic electric vehicle (EV) driving data. The model accurately generates four critical operational parameters—battery state of charge (SOC), battery voltage, mechanical acceleration, and vehicle torque—as multivariate time-series data. Evaluation on 38 real-world driving trips from an open battery dataset reveals the model's exceptional accuracy in estimating SOC values, particularly under complex stop-and-restart scenarios and across diverse initial SOC levels. The model delivers high accuracy, with root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) consistently below 3% and 1.5%, respectively. Qualitative analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) demonstrates the model's ability to preserve both feature distributions and temporal dynamics of the original data. This data augmentation framework offers significant potential for advancing EV technology, digital energy management of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and autonomous vehicle comfort system development.
Real-Time Speech Recognition Using High-Frequency Micro- 2Doppler Radar
Authors: Balal Nezah , Steinmetz Nati
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel approach to remote speech recognition using a millimeter- 7wave micro-Doppler radar system operating at 94 GHz. The proposed method uses high-frequency 8radar to detect subtle speech-related vibrations, enabling speech recognition that is both non-contact 9and privacy-preserving. Tests with actual human speech followed initial experiments in which a 10piezoelectric crystal was used to simulate vocal cord vibrations. Radar returns were processed using 11state-of-the-art signal processing techniques, including short-time Fourier transform (STFT), to 12generate spectrograms and reconstruct speech signals. The system demonstrated high accuracy in 13speech reconstruction, with a strong correlation between the radar-reconstructed audio and the 14original speech signals. Cross-correlation analysis quantitatively confirmed the similarity between 15the reconstructed and original audio. These results validate the system's effectiveness in detecting 16and characterizing speech-related vibrations without direct audio recording. The findings support 17this innovative approach, with significant implications for applications in security, surveillance, and 18assistive technologies where privacy-preserving solutions are essential. Future research will focus 19on diverse real-world scenarios and further integration of advanced signal processing and machine 20learning techniques to enhance accuracy and robustness.
Исследование модели параметрического графа в методе муравьиных колоний
Authors: Sudakov Vladimir Anatolievich , Titov Yurii Pavlovich
Published: December 2024

Предложена структура параметрического графа, используемого в методе муравьиных колоний. Разработана структура параметрического графа в виде списка слоев. Рассмотрены различные способы декомпозиции слоя вершин, отвечающего за дискретные параметры, на подслои. Декомпозиция параметрического графа показала высокую эффективность при тестировании на бэнчмарке «Carrom table function». Предложен алгоритм автоматической оптимальной декомпозиции параметрического графа путем разложения слоя вершин на подслои через разложение на простые сомножители.
Математическая модель для расчета процесса горения в газопоршневом двигателе с предкамерным зажиганием
Authors: Sergeev Sergei Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

Разработана математическая модель, предназначенная для численных исследований процессов воспламенения и горения топлива в газопоршневом двигателе с предкамерным зажиганием. Предложен новый способ к моделированию предкамерного зажигания. Факел пламени, выходящий из предварительной камеры, моделируется в виде набора подвижных тепловыделяющих частиц. Расчет распространения пламени в основной камере сгорания базируется на решении уравнений турбулентного переноса импульса, энергии и компонентов газовой смеси. Система уравнений переноса решается численно на основе метода контрольных объемов с применением разнесенных сеток для компонент вектора скорости и скалярных переменных. Модель может быть применена для оптимизации параметров предкамерного зажигания, способствующих достижению наилучшей стабильности и эффективности процесса сгорания.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ROLE OF THE HOSPITAL BLU SUPERVISORY BOARD DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Harjowiryono Marwanto , Siallagan Windraty Ariane
Published: December 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the performance of Public Service Agencies (BLU), particularly hospital BLUs, contributing to the global economic crisis. This study examines the effectiveness of Hospital BLU Supervisory Board roles during the Covid-19 pandemic and their impact on hospital performance. Using a mixed-method approach, this research analyzed data from 208 respondents (134 supervisory board members and 74 BLU managers) through Likert-scale questionnaires and conducted in-depth interviews with 8 supervisory board members. Results indicate that the role of the Supervisory Board during the Covid-19 pandemic experienced increased intensity and a shift in focus. However, uneven understanding of existing governance necessitates routine activities for improving the Supervisory Board's role, including redesigning the appointment process. The study found that board effectiveness was influenced by member competency, governance understanding, communication quality, and collaborative leadership development.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Diachenko Oleksandr , Gapon Dmytro , Karpaliuk Ihor , Donetska Tetiana
Published: December 2024

Today, the unified electric power system of Ukraine operates in extremely difficult conditions. The conditions of armed aggression create extremely difficult challenges, under which it is impossible to ensure the reliable and safe operation of the energy system. The most promising and significant factor in the transformation of the unified electric power system of Ukraine, which can improve the sustainability of its functioning, for now, is the fastest possible introduction of power stations and distributed generation with non-guaranteed power that uses renewable energy sources. The peculiarity of the situation is the lack of parallel input of regulatory capacities with appropriate characteristics and volumes, which significantly complicates the provision of normal functioning. Even under the conditions of the operation of the auxiliary services market, it is impossible to place reserves in volumes that would comply with the code of transmission systems on the existing working equipment. Therefore, at present, operational security limits are violated almost daily in terms of ensuring the necessary volumes of reserves, and power surpluses arising, including due to the priority participation of renewable energy sources in covering electric load schedules, cannot be eliminated by the means of the current electricity market implemented in the country All this is evidence that the electric power system already does not meet the requirements of generation compliance, and with the growth of power stations with non-guaranteed power, the problems of ensuring operational safety will become even more acute. The commissioning of 2 gigawatts of highly maneuverable generation capacities with a quick start (switching on from zero and output to nominal power within 15 minutes) and 2 gigawatts of fast-acting reserves based on electric energy storage systems will provide an opportunity to provide the electric power system with the necessary regulation reserves to meet compliance requirements in the future to 2030 year. Along with this, increasing the flexibility of the energy system does not provide an opportunity to solve the problem of long-term power surpluses. Its solution requires the implementation of power transfer systems from periods of electrical load schedules, where there is a surplus, to periods where there is a deficit – hydraulic storage power stations, power storage power stations, mechanical and other storage systems.
The specifics of developing additional professional programs taking into account professional standards and qualification requirements
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Makiev R. G. , Sviridova T. B. ,   Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Lutikov A. S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Goldina E.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

The specifics of developing additional professional programs taking into account professional standards and qualification requirements are relevant in the modern world, where the importance of training and advanced training of medical specialists is a necessity enshrined in the regulatory framework.
Thus, scientific developments in this field are not only relevant, but also have high practical significance for improving the system of professional training and advanced training of medical specialists.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of professional standards and qualification requirements for updating the subject and filling additional professional education programs in accordance with the identified lack of knowledge, skills,
and abilities.
Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of labor functions and labor actions in the professional standard «Specialist in the field of healthcare and public health organization». The method of comparative analysis was used.
Results. The results of the analysis of professional development programs in the specialty Nursing Management and specialty Health Organization and public health are presented. The work functions that are not included in the professional standard are defined, competencies are formulated and recommendations are given for the development of additional professional programs taking into account the missing work functions.
Conclusions. For effective development of professional development programs, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach, which includes both consideration and definition of labor functions that are not included in the professional standard, development of a list of professional competencies, taking into account the requirements of the widest possible range of regulatory documents defining the content of the work of specialists in positions of heads of medical organizations, as well as regular updating These programs are designed to meet the growing demands of the professional activities of medical professionals.
Quality of life, self-esteem and perceived severity in a Mexican population with vitiligo
Authors: Rodríguez Aguirre Carlos Antonio , Meza Peña Cecilia
Published: December 2024

Objetivo. Estimar un perfil para conocer el deterioro de la calidad de vida en población adulta con vitíligo a partir de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, autoestima y severidad percibida. Método. Participaron 359 personas con un rango de edad de 18 a 75 años (M = 37.81; DE = 10.03). Se aplicaron el Vitiligo-Specific Quality of Life Instrument y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Resultados. El 80.8% de los participantes reportó un deterioro de la calidad de vida significativo, el 91.9% percibió un grado de severidad significativo y el 71.9% reportó una autoestima alta. La calidad de vida se correlacionó con la autoestima y la severidad percibida. En las pruebas comparativas existió significancia en la calidad de vida por estado civil, escolaridad y tipo de vitíligo. Conclusiones. El perfil con mayor deterioro de la calidad de vida fue en pacientes que no contaban con pareja, con menos de 12 años de escolaridad y con tipos de vitíligo generalizado o universal. La autoestima fue menor en quienes no contaban con pareja y con menos de 12 años de escolaridad. La severidad percibida aumentó con el tiempo de diagnóstico (>6 años), vitíligo activo, afectación en la zona genital y con los tipos de vitíligo generalizado o universal.
Regeneration of in vitro plants through direct and indirect organogenesis from Dracocephalum rupestre leaf explants
Authors: Wang Jia li , Yue Kang jie , Liu Hui xin , Tian Xuping
Published: December 2024

Leaf explants of Dracocephalum rupestre were utilized for regeneration employing direct and indirect differentiation pathways. Results revealed that the direct regeneration medium for leaf explants consisted of MS + 2 mg/l 6-BA + 0.1 mg/l KT + 0.05 mg/l NAA, yielding a differentiation rate of 63.46%. The induction medium for callus was composed of MS + 2 mg/l 6-BA + 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l IAA, resulting in an induction rate of 86.73%. For the differentiation of adventitious buds, the medium included MS + 2 mg/l 6-BA + 2 mg/l TDZ + 0.05 mg/l IAA, with a differentiation rate of 53.48%. The proliferation medium for adventitious buds generated through both pathways, comprised MS + 2 mg/l 6-BA + 0.05 mg/l NAA, with proliferation rates of 83.57% and 87.41%, respectively. The rooting medium suitable for both methods was 1/2MS + 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.1 mg/l IBA, resulting in rooting rates of 83.69% and 79.15%, respectively. Comparatively, the direct differentiation pathway proved to be more efficient and time-saving, with leaf explants requiring 30 days less for regeneration compared with the indirect pathway. This study provides theoretical and technical support for subsequent genetic transformation research of Dracocephalum rupestre.
Predictors of Transmural Lesion in High Power Short Duration Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Guided by Local Impedance
Authors: Siow Yoon Kee , Chang Shih-Lin , Chung Fa-Po , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Lo Li-Wei , Hu Yu-Feng , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Chao Tze-Fan , Liao Jo-Nan , Lin Chin-Yu , Chang Ting-Yung , Kuo Ling , Bautista Jose Antonio L. , Wu Cheng-I , Liu Chih-Min , Liu Shin-Huei , Li Guan-Yi , Wu Shang-Ju , Huang Yu-Shan , Nguyen Dinh Son Ngoc , Cao Dat Tran , Chen Shih-Ann
Published: December 2024

Background:
The impact of local impedance (LI) drop in high power short duration (HPSD) for atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the parameters predicting transmural lesions.
Method:
Thirty patients (76.7% male, mean 59.6±10.0 years old) with AF who underwent radiofrequency ablation were enrolled. Ablation lesions of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) were created by HPSD (50W, ≤15s and LI drop ≤30%). Successful and non-successful lesions were defined by electrogram criteria. Absolute and percentage LI drop of ablation lesions were recorded.
Results:
Of 210 ablation lesions included, 67.6% (n=142) were successful lesions. The mean percentage and absolute LI drop were higher in successful than in non-successful lesions (19.7±4.6% vs. 15.1±3.1%, p<0.001; 33.8±9.8Ω vs. 24.0±5.7Ω, p<0.001). To create successful lesions, higher absolute LI drop was required in the right than in the left PV antrum (35.5±10.0Ω vs. 31.8±9.2Ω, p=0.032), while higher percentage and absolute LI drop were required in the anterior than in the posterior PV antrum (20.8±4.9% vs. 18.3±3.8%, p=0.002; 35.6±10.2Ω vs. 31.4±8.6Ω, p=0.008). Among 142 successful lesions, the higher initial LI group (>190 Ω) had a higher mean percentage and absolute LI drop, and shorter mean duration of ablation compared with lower initial LI groups (<150Ω, 150Ω-170Ω, 170Ω-190Ω). The cut-off values of percentage and absolute LI drop were 16.2% and 26.5Ω, respectively, to predict the successful lesions.
Conclusion:
In successful lesion of PVI, initial LI was associated with LI drop and duration of ablation. The LI could predict transmural lesions and guide HPSD ablation.
Application of Wall Functions for Investigating Surface Roughness Effects on Spreading of an Impacting Droplet
Authors: Cetiner Arda , Budakli Mete
Published: December 2024

The spreading dynamics of droplet impact on a solid surface is of great importance in applications such as printing, spray cooling, coating process and anti-icing. These phenomena have been studied in several investigations and aspects such as the effect of critical weber number on droplet break-up or the air bubble entrainment phenomenon as well as the influence of surface roughness. While experimental studies using surface roughness values ranging from $R_a = 0.003 \mu m$ to $25 \mu m$ were conducted, a few analytical approaches are available taking into account roughness effects in correlations. Contrary to this, considering roughness physically in simulations requires large calculation capability, time for geometry preparation as well as the reconstruction of varying topographical combinations is rather difficult and needs to be elaborated broadly. Therefore, the present study recommends a time-saving approach in OpenFOAM in which surface roughness is not represented physically in the domain, rather taken into account in a wall function term. The results of the study are in good agreement of $\pm10\%$ with the experimental data and mathematical models found in literature. Single drop impact simulations were carried out over a range of Weber number from 106 to 298 indicate that as \emph{We} number increases, the effect of the surface roughness on the spreading process diminishes.