bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible Therapeutic Mechanisms and Future Perspectives of Vaginal Microbiota Transplantation
Authors: Tuniyazi Maimaiti , Zhang Naisheng
Published: May 2023

Microbial communities inhabiting the human body play a crucial role in protecting the host against pathogens and inflammation. Disruptions to the microbial composition can lead to various health issues. Microbial transfer therapy (MTT) has emerged as a potential treatment option to address such issues. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the most widely used form of MTT and has been successful in treating several diseases. Another form of MTT is vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT), which involves transferring vaginal microbiota from a healthy female donor to a diseased patient’s vaginal cavity with the goal of restoring normal vaginal microbial composition. However, VMT has not been extensively studied due to safety concerns and a lack of research. This paper explores the therapeutic mechanisms of VMT and discusses future perspectives. Further research is necessary to advance the clinical applications and techniques of VMT.
Crystal Structure of Staphopain C from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Magoch Malgorzata , McEwen Alastair G. , Napolitano Valeria , Władyka Benedykt , Dubin Grzegorz
Published: May 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is a common opportunistic pathogen of humans and livestock that causes a wide variety of infections. The success of S. aureus as a pathogen depends on the production of an array of virulence factors including cysteine proteases (staphopains)—major secreted proteases of certain strains of the bacterium. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of staphopain C (ScpA2) of S. aureus, which shows the typical papain-like fold and uncovers a detailed molecular description of the active site. Because the protein is involved in the pathogenesis of a chicken disease, our work provides the foundation for inhibitor design and potential antimicrobial strategies against this pathogen.
LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity
Authors: Ito Kaori , Kikuchi Takashi , Ikube Kanako , Otsuki Kouharu , Koike Kazuo , Li Wei
Published: May 2023

A total of 147 oral Kampo prescriptions, which are used clinically in Japan, were evaluated for their anti-glycation activity. Kakkonto demonstrated significant anti-glycation activity, prompting further analysis of its chemical constituents using LC-MS, which revealed the presence of two alkaloids, fourteen flavonoids, two but-2-enolides, five monoterpenoids, and four triterpenoid glycosides. To identify the components responsible for its anti-glycation activity, the Kakkonto extract was reacted with glyceraldehyde (GA) or methylglyoxal (MGO) and analyzed using LC-MS. In LC-MS analysis of Kakkonto reacted with GA, the peak intensity of ephedrine was attenuated, and three products from ephedrine-scavenging GA were detected. Similarly, LC-MS analysis of Kakkonto reacted with MGO revealed two products from ephedrine reacting with MGO. These results indicated that ephedrine was responsible for the observed anti-glycation activity of Kakkonto. Ephedrae herba extract, which contains ephedrine, also showed strong anti-glycation activity, further supporting ephedrine’s contribution to Kakkonto’s reactive carbonyl species’ scavenging ability and anti-glycation activity.
Fe–Ni/MWCNTs Nano-Composites for Hexavalent Chromium Reduction in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Kang Zeyu , Gao Hui , Ma Xiaolong , Jia Xiaodong , Wen Dongsheng
Published: May 2023

A novel Cr (VI) removal material was designed and produced comprising multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a support with a high specific surface area and the loaded Fe–Ni bimetallic particles as catalytic reducing agents. Such a design permits the composite particle to perform the adsorption, reduction, and immobilisation of Cr (VI) quickly and efficiently. Due to MWCNTs’ physical adsorption, Cr (VI) in solution aggregates in the vicinity of the composite, and Fe rapidly reduces Cr (VI) to Cr (III) catalysed by Ni. The results demonstrated that the Fe–Ni/MWCNTs exhibits an adsorption capacity of 207 mg/g at pH = 6.4 for Cr (VI) and 256 mg/g at pH 4.8, which is about twice those reported for other materials under similar conditions. The formed Cr (III) is solidified to the surface by MWCNTs and remains stable for several months without secondary contamination. The reusability of the composites was proven by retaining at least 90% of the adsorption capacity for five instances of reutilization. Considering the facile synthesis process, low cost of raw material, and reusability of the formed Fe–Ni/MWCNTs, this work shows great potential for industrialisation.
Preparation, Structure and Characterization of Polymer/Cement Composites
Authors: Guan Bowen
Published: May 2023

Polymer/cement composites have gained significant attention in civil engineering due to their improved properties compared to traditional cement-based materials [...]
Social Maintenance and Cultural Continuity—Folk Religion among the Tu Ethnic Group in Northwest China
Authors: Xing Haiyan , Huang Mengting
Published: May 2023

Despite economic development and social changes, folk religion in China has not died out, but has survived and has even experienced a revival. Oscillating state policies have in general had a strong impact on religion in China. Though there is no official recognition of ethnic folk-religions, the state classifies them positively as manifestations of local cultural heritage and in this context has supported—not stifled—public folk religious practices among the Tu. This study deals with folk religious’ practice among the Tu ethnic group in Northwest China. The article highlights animist ontology as a theoretical perspective for analyzing the religious practices of the Tu ethnic group in China. The authors carried out anthropological procedures of participant observation and interviewing in the Tu community distributed in Qinghai Province and now present a portrait of the folk religion in typical Tu communities located in Minhe County and Huzhu County. The article also discusses the tripartite cosmology of the Tu and the positive interactions with national authorities. Quite apart from the issue of the impact of the state, the authors document, via prolonged ethnographic immersion in two regions, that the folk religion of the Tu is also closely linked to, and continues to have an impact on, daily life, particularly with regard to the construction and maintenance of ethnic community structure. This paper is organized as follows. First, we present ethnographic information on the religious beliefs and ritual practices of the Tu. The subsequent section then discusses how public folk-religious performances receive support from the state in the context of tourism and local economic development and how they contribute to the maintenance of community structure and social order. The conclusion summarizes the process by which ethnic folk religions have not only survived, but, in part as a result of state support for ethnic cultural heritage, experienced a revival.
Human Exteroception during Object Handling with an Upper Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Arcangeli Dorine , Dubois Océane , Roby-Brami Agnès , Famié Sylvain , de Marco Giovanni , Arnold Gabriel , Jarrassé Nathanaël , Parry Ross
Published: May 2023

Upper limb exoskeletons may confer significant mechanical advantages across a range of tasks. The potential consequences of the exoskeleton upon the user’s sensorimotor capacities however, remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine how the physical coupling of the user’s arm to an upper limb exoskeleton influenced the perception of handheld objects. In the experimental protocol, participants were required to estimate the length of a series of bars held in their dominant right hand, in the absence of visual feedback. Their performance in conditions with an exoskeleton fixed to the forearm and upper arm was compared to conditions without the upper limb exoskeleton. Experiment 1 was designed to verify the effects of attaching an exoskeleton to the upper limb, with object handling limited to rotations of the wrist only. Experiment 2 was designed to verify the effects of the structure, and its mass, with combined movements of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder. Statistical analysis indicated that movements performed with the exoskeleton did not significantly affect perception of the handheld object in experiment 1 (BF01 = 2.3) or experiment 2 (BF01 = 4.3). These findings suggest that while the integration of an exoskeleton complexifies the architecture of the upper limb effector, this does not necessarily impede transmission of the mechanical information required for human exteroception.
Transformer-Based Semantic Segmentation for Extraction of Building Footprints from Very-High-Resolution Images
Authors: Song Jia , Zhu A-Xing , Zhu Yunqiang
Published: May 2023

Semantic segmentation with deep learning networks has become an important approach to the extraction of objects from very high-resolution remote sensing images. Vision Transformer networks have shown significant improvements in performance compared to traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in semantic segmentation. Vision Transformer networks have different architectures to CNNs. Image patches, linear embedding, and multi-head self-attention (MHSA) are several of the main hyperparameters. How we should configure them for the extraction of objects in VHR images and how they affect the accuracy of networks are topics that have not been sufficiently investigated. This article explores the role of vision Transformer networks in the extraction of building footprints from very-high-resolution (VHR) images. Transformer-based models with different hyperparameter values were designed and compared, and their impact on accuracy was analyzed. The results show that smaller image patches and higher-dimension embeddings result in better accuracy. In addition, the Transformer-based network is shown to be scalable and can be trained with general-scale graphics processing units (GPUs) with comparable model sizes and training times to convolutional neural networks while achieving higher accuracy. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of vision Transformer networks in object extraction using VHR images.
A Path Planning Method with a Bidirectional Potential Field Probabilistic Step Size RRT for a Dual Manipulator
Authors: Liu Youyu , Tao Wanbao , Li Shunfang , Li Yi , Wang Qijie
Published: May 2023

The search efficiency of a rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) can be improved by introducing a high-probability goal bias strategy. In the case of multiple complex obstacles, the high-probability goal bias strategy with a fixed step size will fall into a local optimum, which reduces search efficiency. Herein, a bidirectional potential field probabilistic step size rapidly exploring random tree (BPFPS-RRT) was proposed for the path planning of a dual manipulator by introducing a search strategy of a step size with a target angle and random value. The artificial potential field method was introduced, combining the search features with the bidirectional goal bias and the concept of greedy path optimization. According to simulations, taking the main manipulator as an example, compared with goal bias RRT, variable step size RRT, and goal bias bidirectional RRT, the proposed algorithm reduces the search time by 23.53%, 15.45%, and 43.78% and decreases the path length by 19.35%, 18.83%, and 21.38%, respectively. Moreover, taking the slave manipulator as another example, the proposed algorithm reduces the search time by 6.71%, 1.49%, and 46.88% and decreases the path length by 19.88%, 19.39%, and 20.83%, respectively. The proposed algorithm can be adopted to effectively achieve path planning for the dual manipulator.
Exploring the Challenges and Issues in Adopting Cybersecurity in Saudi Smart Cities: Conceptualization of the Cybersecurity-Based UTAUT Model
Authors: Alhalafi Nawaf , Veeraraghavan Prakash
Published: May 2023

This study aims to explore the challenges and issues in adopting cybersecurity practices in smart Saudi cities and to develop and validate a newly developed cybersecurity-based unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 3 (UTAUT3) model. The study has a twofold purpose. First, it identified the key challenges and issues in adopting smart cities in Saudi smart cities. Second, it developed a technology-based model to adopt cybersecurity practices in Saudi smart cities. Two surveys were conducted to achieve these objectives. The first survey identified challenges and gaps in adopting cybersecurity practices in smart cities, revealing concerns about weak cybersecurity platforms, privacy breaches, and the impact of IT infrastructure advancements on Saudi culture (N = 554: common public). The second survey focused on developing and validating a cybersecurity-based UTAUT3 model (N = 108: IT professionals), emphasizing nine factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, safety, resiliency, availability, confidentiality, and integrity of cybersecurity. The model’s validity and reliability were assessed, demonstrating its potential for understanding user behavior and adoption patterns in smart cities. The study findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing the adoption of cybersecurity measures in smart Saudi cities, highlighting the need for targeted strategies, effective awareness programs, and collaboration between stakeholders to promote a secure and resilient digital environment. Future research may focus on refining the model, extending its applicability to other regions or countries, and investigating the impact of emerging technologies and evolving cyber threats on user behavior and cybersecurity practices.
Indoor Air Quality Improvement in Public Toilets at Railway Stations in China: A Field and Numerical Study
Authors: Yu Jinghua , Qian Congcong , Zhao Jingang , Tao Junwei , Leng Kangxin , Xu Xinhua
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the air quality and ventilation systems of 22 public toilets in 10 railway stations in China. Approximately 80% of public toilets meet the standard for ammonia concentration in Class I toilets, while 20% exceed the standard. It was found that the concentration of pollutants is mainly related to the number of toilet users and the ventilation system. In 20% of public toilets, the change in ammonia concentration was delayed by about 1 to 2 h with the change in hourly service number. In order to improve the air quality, a design method for calculating the number of toilet cubicles was proposed. Results show that the service capacity of the cubicle per hour (SCCH) of a female toilet is 12, the SCCH of male toilets is related to the ratio of squatting pans to urinals (RSU), which is suggested to be 1:1~1:0.8, and the corresponding SCCH is 16~20. Then, the effect of different ventilation forms was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 2019 software. The results show that the bottom exhaust was better than the top exhaust and that the fresh air supply system is unnecessary. The recommended ventilation rate for toilets is 20 air changes per hour (ACH). The scale design method of toilets proposed in this paper was meant to address the gender imbalance and avoid queuing and provides a reference for the renovation and design of public toilets.
Gen Z’s Motivations towards Sustainable Fashion and Eco-Friendly Brand Attributes: The Case of Vinted
Authors: Palomo-Domínguez Isabel , Elías-Zambrano Rodrigo , Álvarez-Rodríguez Víctor
Published: May 2023

Vinted is a free digital sharing economy platform where individuals buy and sell second-hand apparel. It is an example of industry 4.0 that promotes an innovative and successful business model while favoring sustainable fashion consumption. Gen Z consumers are concerned about climate change and social and ethical issues. Their environmental awareness is significant. Nevertheless, their values do not always translate into sustainable consumption behavior; their role as heavy consumers in the fast-fashion market is proof of this. The research aims to delve into the motivations of Gen Z towards sustainable fashion and their perception of the eco-friendly brand attributes in the case of Vinted. From the methodological point of view, the qualitative and quantitative approaches are combined through focus group sessions and a pilot study based on a questionnaire. The results confirm that Gen Z consumers recognize and appreciate the eco-friendly attributes of Vinted, although other types of brand attributes are the ones that mostly mobilize their behavior. Some participants claim that the representation of sustainable values in Vinted’s advertising campaigns is too soft. Among the conclusions, the opportunity to revise Vinted’s brand strategy stands out, giving a more explicit role to eco-friendly attributes pursuing an effective change in Gen Z consumption behavior.
Chagas Disease: Medical and ECG Related Findings in an Indigenous Population in Colombia
Authors: Kann Simone , Mendoza Gustavo Andrés Concha , Hartmann Maria , Frickmann Hagen , Kreienbrock Lothar
Published: May 2023

Chagas Disease (CD) is highly prevalent among the indigenous populations in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Villages examined show prevalence rates ranging from 43.6% up to 67.4%. In the present study, associated medical conditions were assessed with a particular focus on ECG alterations. CD diagnosis was based on a rapid test, two different ELISAs, and a specific and highly sensitive Chagas real-time PCR. In both CD positive and CD negative patients, relations of the status and medical (physical examination-based, questionnaire-based) and/or electrocardiogram-based findings were investigated. As expected, CD-associated symptoms and complaints were predominantly found in CD-positive patients. Interestingly, ECG-findings were found to show the potential of leading to early CD diagnosis because ECG alterations were already seen in early stagechanges of the disease. In conclusion, although the observed ECG changes are unspecific, they should be considered as an indicator for a CD screening and, in case of positive results, an associated early treatment of the disease.
BRINQUEDOS E PROPAGANDA: gênero e a constituição de meninos e meninas
Authors: Lira Aliandra Cristina Mesomo , Farias Fernanda Chimende
Published: May 2023

O texto objetiva situar o papel do brincar no desenvolvimento infantil e problematizar como as questões de gênero se manifestam nas propagandas televisivas. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa assumiu um viés qualitativo, com análise documental de propagandas de brinquedos veiculadas na televisão aberta. Tais propagandas foram gravadas, descritas e os dados organizados e analisados a partir de seu conteúdo, incluindo imagens, som e discurso. O estudo explicitou que, em pleno século XXI, temos propagandas marcadamente dedicadas a meninos e meninas, cujos produtos divulgados reforçam comportamentos e interesses culturalmente radicados em estereótipos; para a menina, o universo da casa, e, para os meninos, o mundo do lado de fora. A análise empreendida a partir das descrições das propagandas evidenciou que, em objetos, falas, cores, gestos, personagens e ações, mesmo em exposições de curta duração, mas veiculadas repetidamente, apresenta-se um brincar condicionado pelo reforço de estereótipos de gênero. Os produtos apresentados incitam o consumo e conformam um campo de ação para meninos e meninas de modo limitado e pouco criativo, em que prevalecem interesses comerciais.
O PENSAMENTO EMPÍRICO OBSTACULIZA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PENSAMENTO TEÓRICO? INTERPRETAÇÕES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Niero Ágatha de Souza , Rosa Josélia Euzébio da
Published: May 2023

O pensamento empírico é ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico ou pensamento empírico obstaculiza o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico? Para contribuir com as reflexões em torno deste debate, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar como pesquisadores brasileiros interpretam a relação entre pensamento empírico e pensamento teórico em Davídov no contexto da Educação Matemática. No presente artigo apresenta-se os resultados de um estudo organizado com base em uma revisão de literatura integrativa. Na perspectiva davidoviana o pensamento teórico sustenta-se na lógica dialética e o pensamento empírico na lógica formal. Nesse sentido, a realização do estudo se orienta por meio de uma busca sistemática realizada no Google Acadêmico, com o uso dos descritores: “lógica formal tradicional”, “lógica dialética”, “pensamento empírico”, “pensamento teórico”, “matemática” e “Davídov”. Nos trabalhos analisados constatou-se pouca discussão sobre a especificidade da lógica e como esta influência no processo de formação dos diferentes tipos de pensamento, no entanto, todos corroboram com Davídov no sentido de que o pensamento empírico obstaculiza o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico.
UMA RECONCEITUAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR A PARTIR DA TEORIA DA OBJETIVAÇÃO
Authors: Vargas-Plaça Jaqueline Santos , Radford Luis
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma reconceituação do professor de ciências e matemática na perspectiva da Teoria da Objetivação (TO). A TO é uma teoria de ensino e aprendizagem que se inspira no materialismo dialético, na escola histórico-cultural de Lev Vygotsky e na concepção de educação proposta por Paulo Freire. Sua natureza materialista dialética faz com que o professor seja concebido como parte de um todo, um sistema em movimento, que inclui o conhecimento cultural e seus processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Neste contexto, o professor é visto como indivíduo que participa, ombro a ombro, com os estudantes, trabalhando com eles na produção e circulação de saberes, fazendo que esses saberes apareçam coletivamente na aula, por meio de discussões, debates, análises e interpretações da resolução de problemas. Neste trabalho apresentamos estas ideias e ilustramos por meio das passagens de uma lição de cinemática em torno do estudo científico do movimento de corpos, realizado em uma classe do 8º ano (alunos de 13 a 14 anos) em uma escola pública localizada nos arredores de Sudbury, Ontário, Canadá. Ilustramos, em particular, o processo coletivo em que os estudantes encontram um saber científico cultural por meio da interação com colegas e com o professor. Destacamos que o professor no ensino de ciências e matemática não pode se restringir unicamente à dimensão do saber. Esta dimensão é fundamental, mas o professor deve complementá-la com atenção muito específica à dimensão do ser.
ADOLESCÊNCIA À MARGEM: projeto de vida na educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: Maciel Mateus Carmona , Dellazzana-Zanon Letícia Lovato
Published: May 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os projetos de vida de adolescentes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Participaram do estudo 16 adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos estudantes de uma região de nível socioeconômico baixo de Campinas, SP. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Entrevista de Dados Sociodemográficos e Entrevista Semiestruturada sobre Projetos de Vida. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo, utilizando o modelo aberto de categorização. Foram elencadas as seguintes categorias: Trabalho, Bens Materiais, Relacionamento Afetivo, Reconhecimento e Autonomia, Ajuda a Outrem e Estudo. Observou-se que a maior parte dos projetos de vida dos adolescentes objetiva conquista de um trabalho, estabilidade financeira, aquisição de bens e acesso a serviços básicos. Além disso, observou-se que os adolescentes constroem seus projetos de vida com o objetivo de ajudar suas famílias de origem e suas comunidades a construírem uma vida melhor e mais digna. Este estudo chama atenção para importância do trabalho com projetos de vida como uma possível ferramenta emancipadora e transformadora da realidade desses sujeitos e de suas famílias.
MATERIAL DIDÁTICO COMO INSTRUMENTO MEDIADOR NA ATIVIDADE DE ENSINO DO CONCEITO DE FRAÇÃO
Authors: Romeiro Iraji de Oliveira , Moretti Vanessa Dias
Published: May 2023

Este texto[1] apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado fundamentada na perspectiva Histórico-Cultural, tendo como objetivo verificar como o movimento do pensamento teórico do professor de matemática sobre o conceito de fração pode impactar na escolha, adequação ou utilização dos materiais didáticos oficiais da rede pública de educação do Estado de São Paulo. O método utilizado para verificar o movimento do pensamento do professor se pautou no materialismo histórico dialético materializado por meio de um experimento formativo no formato de uma formação de professores de matemática da rede pública estadual de São Paulo, entendendo a formação docente como uma relação dialética entre a atividade de ensino e a atividade de aprendizagem. Para estruturar a formação de professores tomamos como referência o conceito de Atividade Orientadora de Ensino. Como resultados dos dados da realidade apreendida identificamos que o professor, ao se deparar com as situações desencadeadoras de aprendizagem que permitam a revelação das relações histórico-lógicas do conceito de fração permite um movimento em direção do pensamento teórico sobre frações. Com isso, os docentes analisam de forma intencional e crítica os materiais didáticos, transformando o significado e o sentido sobre desses materiais na prática pedagógica. Concluímos que, a partir do desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico, o professor tomou os materiais didáticos oficiais como instrumento mediador da sua atividade de ensino.
 
[1]Artigo ampliado a partir de trabalho apresentado no XIII ENEM 2019, Cuiabá/MT/Brasil.
 
[1]Artigo ampliado a partir de trabalho apresentado no XIII ENEM 2019, Cuiabá/MT/Brasil.
Impact of COVID-19 on Missouri 4-H State Fair Participation and Implications for Youth Development Programs
Authors: Calvert Maria , Janeiro Maria
Published: May 2023

For University of Missouri Extension, facilitation of Missouri 4-H's participation in the Missouri State Fair (MSF) during the COVID-19 era was a challenge and an opportunity for improvement. In a time when positive youth development experiences are more necessary than ever, Extension professionals must consider how to uphold the foundations of positive youth development and maintain a sense of program normalcy while ensuring new levels of safety and security. We describe lessons learned before, during, and after Missouri 4-H made the decision to open the MSF 4-H building in the midst of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and issue a call for related action by others.
Using Data Visualization to Demonstrate Outcomes—Examples
From Ripple Effects Mapping
Authors: Rome Clea , Hansen Debra , Sero Rebecca , Higgins Lorie
Published: May 2023

If you have conducted a ripple effects mapping (REM) event, you may have wondered "What is the best way to use these data, and what are some creative options for sharing the findings?" REM involves a mind mapping approach to evaluation and is an effective way to collect qualitative data that document the direct and indirect impacts of complex programs and projects. We provide examples of visual ways to display the gathered data and describe how to use the information to elevate your program outcomes.
Farm/Ranch Succession Planning Program Motivates Families to Take Steps
Authors: Johnson Carrie , Carlson Shawn
Published: May 2023

The United States is experiencing increased aging of farmers and ranchers, highlighting the need for succession planning programs that can help prepare them for successful transfer of land and assets to a successor. We discuss the Design Your Succession Plan program and its evaluation. The program consists of three sessions that address multiple topics regarding succession planning. Over a 5-year period, 516 participants from across North Dakota attended the program. Results from retrospective pretest/posttest surveys indicate that the program had a significant impact on increasing knowledge and confidence among participants. Implementation can assist aging farm and ranch families across the country.
Using Learning Management Systems to Provide 4-H Programming During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Morefield Sarah , Janeiro Maria
Published: May 2023

Using a learning management system (LMS), such as Canvas, to provide 4-H programming can support program growth. With the onset in 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic, 4-H professionals have been forced to move face-to-face activities online and challenged to work differently and in innovative ways to continue offering youth development opportunities. Responding to this challenge, Missouri 4-H created an online resource using the Canvas LMS to offer 4-H volunteers and families project opportunities and research-based project materials in one easily accessible and affordable platform.
Deciphering the Shared and Specific Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase via Binding Free Energy Computation
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Zhe , Wang Lingling , Wang Qinghua , Tang Rongfan , Xiang Sutong , Deng Qirui , Hou Tingjun , Sun Huiyong
Published: May 2023

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a tyrosine receptor kinase, has been proven to be associated with the occurrence of numerous malignancies. Although there have been already at least 3 generations of ALK inhibitors approved by FDA or in clinical trials, the occurrence of various mutations seriously attenuates the effectiveness of the drugs. Unfortunately, most of the drug resistance mechanisms still remain obscure. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the bottom reasons of the drug resistance mechanisms caused by the mutations. In this work, on the basis of verifying the accuracy of 2 main kinds of binding free energy calculation methodologies [end-point method of Molecular Mechanics with Poisson-Boltzmann/Generalized Born and Surface Area (MM/PB(GB)SA) and alchemical method of Thermodynamic Integration (TI)], we performed a systematic analysis on the ALK systems to explore the underlying shared and specific drug resistance mechanisms, covering the one-drug-multiple-mutation and multiple-drug-one-mutation cases. Through conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) simulation in conjunction with MM/PB(GB)SA and umbrella sampling (US) in conjunction with contact network analysis (CNA), the resistance mechanisms of the in-pocket, out-pocket, and multiple-site mutations were revealed. Especially for the out-pocket mutation, a possible transfer chain of the mutation effect was revealed, and the reason why different drugs exhibited various sensitivities to the same mutation was also uncovered. The proposed mechanisms may be prevalent in various drug resistance cases.
Implementasi Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) dan Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) Dalam Prediksi Harga Saham Syariah
Authors: Puteri Dian Islamiaty
Published: May 2023

The development of the stock market in Indonesia is currently growing quite rapidly. This can be seen based on the number of investors who have increased every year. In 2011, sharia stocks were launched for the first time in Indonesia, and it can be seen that the price of the stock is not always stable or can experience increases or decreases. For investors, a strategy is needed to predict stock prices in order to make the right decisions in investing. In this study, stock prediction was carried out using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) methods. The data used in this study is historical closing price data for three Sharia stocks, namely PT Aneka Tambang Tbk, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, and PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk. In building the best predictive model in this study based on tuning parameters such as epoch, batch, neurons, as well as an optimizer and dropout regulation techniques to prevent overfitting of the model. The test results show that from the three stock data used, the smallest MAPE value is obtained in the BiLSTM model. The MAPE values obtained for each stock data in this study are sequentially 2,59%, 1,77%, and 1,05%. Based on the MAPE value criteria, the prediction model is included in the very accurate criteria.
Distribusi Muatan Kapal Trammel Net di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Istiqomah Siti , Iskandar Budhi Hascaryo , Simbolon Domu , Yuwandana Dwi Putra , Novita Yopi
Published: May 2023

Perairan Cilacap seringkali mengalami kondisi yang ekstrim dengan gelombang yang cukup besar karena perairan ini berhubungan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia. Kondisi perairan ini akan berdampak terhadap peristiwa kecelakaan kapal trammel net di sekitar perairan Cilacap. Kecelakaan kapal sebagai akibat faktor lingkungan ini memang sulit dikendalikan, akan tetapi faktor teknis seperti tata letak muatan yang mempengaruhi keseimbangan kapal trammel net dapat diperbaiki. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tata letak muatan pada kapal trammel net di PPS Cilacap, menentukan pengaruh penempatan muatan terhadap keberadaan titik berat kapal dan memberikan rekomendasi distribusi muatan yang baik. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis tata letak muatan pada kapal trammel net di PPS Cilacap, analisis pengaruh penempatan muatan terhadap keberadaan titik berat kapal, dan rekomendasi distribusi muatan yang baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi atau tata letak muatan pada kapal trammel net di PPS Cilacap sebagian besar berada di atas lantai dek kapal. Nilai titik berat secara vertikal pada semua kondisi ketiga kapal yang diteliti tidak jauh berbeda karena adanya kompensasi dari hasil tangkapan dan perbekalan sedangkan titik berat secara horizontal sebagian besar ke arah haluan kapal. Penempatan muatan di bawah dek dan mendekati midship dapat meningkatkan keseimbangan kapal. Oleh karena itu, penempatan muatan berlebih di atas dek kapal sebaiknya dihindari.  Berdasarakan analisis nilai KG pada 3 kondisi distribusi muatan, kapal I memiliki kondisi stabilitas lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kapal lainnya.
Kajian Sifat Kimiawi dan Organoleptik Pilus Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezi) Terfortifikasi Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleivera)
Authors: Atajama Yublina Hara , Meiyasa Firat
Published: May 2023

Rumput laut merupakan komoditi potensial yang dapat dikembangkan di bidang pangan. Banyak produk olahan yang dikembangkan dari rumput laut. Namun, pemanfaatan rumput laut dalam pembuatan pilus masih terbatas Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji sifat kimiawi, serat kasar, dan organoleptik dari pilus rumput laut yang difortifikasi tepung kelor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu perlakuan dengan penambahan tepung daun kelor 0% (tanpa penambahan tepung daun kelor), 4%, dan 10%. Parameter yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah komposisi kimia (kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, karbohidrat), serat kasar, dan organoleptik (warna, aroma, cita rasa, dan tekstur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilus rumput laut yang dihasilkan memiliki komposisi kimia seperti kadar air sebesar 10,62 – 14,49%, abu sebesar 2,54 – 2,94%, lemak sebesar 21,79 – 30,48%, protein sebesar 6,23 – 8,53%, karbohidrat sebesar 41,40 – 57,00% dan serat kasar sebesar 9,08 – 15,21%. Sedangkan untuk uji organoleptik terhadap warna, aroma, cita rasa, dan tekstur berada pada kategori netral sampai dengan sangat suka. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi penambahan tepung daun kelor maka pilus rumput laut yang dihasilkan tidak terlalu disukai oleh panelis.
Filogeografi Trigonopoma gracile dari Sungai Gedong, Bangka dan Catatan di Paparan Sunda berdasarkan gen COI
Authors: Ardiansyah Kurniawan  , Apriyanti Rina , Safitri Alya Maisan , Almaghribi Siti Puan NIK , Syarif Ahmad Fahrul , Kurniawan Andri
Published: May 2023

Trigonopoma  gracile merupakan salah satu speies ikan air tawar yang ditemukan hidup di perairan Pulau Bangka yang terdampak penambangan timah. Perlu dilakukan kajian terkait hubungan genetik ikan ini dengan wilayah lainnya di paparan Sunda. Sampel ikan dari Sungai Gedong, Bangka diidentifikasi karakteristik molekulernya dengan menggunakan gen COI (sitokrom oksidase I) dan dibandingkan dengan temuan di wilayah Sundaland lainnya. Trigonopoma gracile dari Sungai Gedong, Bangka memiliki hubungan yang dekat dengan ikan T. gracile dari Kalimantan Barat, Serawak, Belitung, dan Sempan, Bangka dengan jarak antara 0,93 – 1,89 %,  namun berbeda kluster dengan Selangor, Bangka Selatan, Kemuja-Bangka, Trengganu,dan Serawak dengan jarak genetik 3,69 – 5,44 %. Hubungan antar pulau pada T. gracile diprediksi terjadi akibat hubungan sunga purba Sunda Utara dimasa lampau. Variasi genetik yang muncul di Pulau Bangka dimungkinkan sebagai adaptasi terhadap kondisi lingkungannya.
Pemijahan Semi Alami Ikan Tambakan (Helostoma temminckii)
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Fadhil , Suherman Suherman , Retno Cahya Mukti
Published: May 2023

Ikan tambakan (Helostoma temmincki) adalahiikan asli Indonesia terdapat di beberapa sungai di Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Benihiikan tambakan yang berasal dari perairan umum saat ini sudah mulai sulit didapatkan karena penangkapan ikan tambakan ini dilakukan secara berlebihan untuk diambil telurnya. Budidaya ikan tambakan belum banyak dilakukan untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemijahan ikan tambakan secara semi alami terhadap fekunditas, derajat pembuahan dan derajat penetasan yang dihasilkan. Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu tahapan seleksi indukan, penyuntikan hormon, pemijahan dan penetasan telur. Induk jantan yang digunakan berukuran 237,5 g, sedangkan ukuran induk betina yang digunakan yaitu 250 g, perbandingan induk jantan:betina yaitu 2:1, dosis hormon ovaprim® yang digunakan yaitu 0,2 mL kg-1 dari bobot induk betina, dan 0,4 mL kg-1 dari bobot induk jantan.  Parameter yang diamati yaitu fekunditas, derajat pembuahan, derajat penetasan, dan kualitas air. Data fekunditas, derajat pembuahan, derajat penetasan, dan kualitas air yang diperoleh diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data hasil yang diperoleh yaitu fekunditas 95.329 butir, derajat pembuahan sebesar 93,5% dan derajat penetasan sebesar 95,6%. Kualitas air pada kolam induk yaitu suhu sebesar 27,5 oC dan pH sebesar 7,16, sedangkan kualitas air pada akuarium pemeliharaan yaitu suhu sebesar 27,6 oC dan pH 8,49. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemijahan ikan tambakan secara semi alami menunjukkan hasil yang tinggi.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Sponge Agelas Nakamurai Terhadap Bakteri Gram Negative: Study In Vitro dan In Silico
Authors: Balansa Walter , Lis C. Lukas  , Frets J. Rieuwpassa  , Aprelia M. Tomasoa
Published: May 2023

Bakteri gram negatif tetap menjadi ancaman serius bagi akuakultur, ekonomi, dan kesehatan manusia. Ironisnya, sementara antibiotik yang efektif belum ditemukan, resistensi bakteri ini terhadap berbagai antibiotik meningkat dengan kecepatan yang mengkhawatirkan. Hal ini menunjukkan urgensi penemuan antibiotik baru, terutama antibiotik yang dapat menghambat replikasi enzim seperti DNA gyrase atau topoisomerase IV, yang saat ini menjadi target baru penemuan antibiotik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri Agelas nakamurai terhadap A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida dan E. tarda menggunakan ekstrak spons (1, 10, dan 100) mg/mL dan tetrasiklin (1 mg/mL) sebagai kontrol positif dan memprediksi potensi antibakteri dari agelasine A-F (1-6) dan agelasidine A (7) dari A. nakamurai dari Kepulauan Sangihe terhadap protein topoisomerase IV melalui docking molekuler. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer dengan sedikit modifikasi dan studi in silico menggunakan CB-dock 2 dan Protein Ligand Interaction Profiler. Meskipun ekstrak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih lemah terhadap A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida dan E. tarda dibandingkan tetrasiklin, molekul docking dengan CB-dock 2 menunjukkan bahwa agelasine A-F (1-6) dan agelasidin A (7) memiliki afinitas pengikatan yang lebih kuat (-7.1). hingga -8,6 kJ/mol) daripada tetrasiklin (10), ciprofloksasin (11) atau levofloksasin (12) (-6,6 hingga -8,3 kJ/mol). Docking molekuler pada agelasidin C (9) dan D (10) juga menunjukkan afinitas pengikatan yang kuat (-8,3 dan -8,8 kJ/mol) ke protein target 1S16 terutama akibat ikatan hidrogen dan interaksi hidrofobik. Secara kolektif, hasil ini menunjukkan potensi agelasidin A, C dan D sebagai modulator dari target antibiotik baru, enzim topoisomerase IV.
Causas directas de muerte en pacientes diabéticos en el Perú, 2017-2020
Authors: Gutierrez-Rodriguez Raysa A , Cruz-Nina Nelson D , Santander-Cahuantico Ana C , Huarcaya-Portilla Andrés E , Roque-Roque Joel S
Published: May 2023

Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) constituye un problema de salud pública mundial con elevada tasa de morbimortalidad. Estudios reportaron como principal causa directa de muerte en diabéticos a las enfermedades cardiovasculares, mientras otros atribuyen a las enfermedades respiratorias. Empero, en nuestro medio aún es una interrogante. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar las principales causas directas de muerte en pacientes diabéticos en Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo. Recopilamos los datos del registro del Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones (SINADEF) de Perú del año 2017 al 2020, seleccionamos los registros cuyo CIE-10 correspondiera a DM2 para describir las características de los fallecidos, las causas directas de defunción y la tendencia anual de las cinco primeras causas. Resultados: Las principales causas directas de muerte en pacientes diabéticos fueron enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (28,0%), enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (25,4%) y ciertas enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (15,0%). Además, se evidenció como población más afectada al sexo masculino (50,3%), adultos mayores (76,4%) y la región costa (63,6%). La tendencia fue creciente en las cinco primeras causas de muerte, con mayor pendiente entre 2019 y 2020 para enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (tasa 1,40 y 2,96) y enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (tasa 0,98 y 2,86). Conclusiones: Las principales causas directas de muerte fueron las enfermedades del sistema respiratorio y circulatorio. La región con mayor cantidad de fallecidos fue la costa. La tendencia de las cinco primeras causas de muerte fue creciente, con mayor pendiente entre 2019 y 2020.
Depresión y violencia conyugal en gestantes peruanas durante la pandemia por la COVID-19
Authors: Medina-Quispe Camila I. , Quispe Yeimy N. , Linares Angela , Huaccho-Rojas Juan
Published: May 2023

Introducción: Las medidas restrictivas que optaron para aminorar el contagio por COVID-19 pudieron mantener e incluso incrementar los altos niveles de depresión y violencia, poniendo en riesgo tanto al feto como la madre. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la depresión en gestantes peruanas durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. El estudio: Estudio observacional-analítico, con 267 gestantes en su tercer trimestre de embarazo. Realizándose durante el mes de enero del 2021, aplicando la Escala de Edimburgo y la versión en español del Index of Spouse Abuse-19 (ISA-19). Hallazgos: El 62.17% de gestantes presento depresión y el 17.6%, violencia conyugal durante el embarazo. La violencia conyugal, el antecedente de al menos un embarazo perdido y el embarazo planificado, se asociaron a la depresión. Conclusiones: La violencia conyugal aumenta la prevalencia de depresión durante el embarazo a diferencia de un embarazo planificado o el antecedente de al menos un embarazo perdido.
Tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo periférico de riñón, reporte de caso.
Authors: Bustamante Chávez Rubí X. , Yalta Arce Herman , Vásquez Sullca Roy Roger
Published: May 2023

Introducción: El tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo periférico de riñón (PNETk) es una enfermedad rara muy agresivo que afecta mayormente a varones jóvenes. Reporte de caso: paciente varón de 19 años con cuadro clínico dolor abdominal, hematuria y masa palpable, en la tomografía se evidencia una enorme tumoración renal izquierda, Se le realiza nefrectomía radical convencional y se envía a estudio patológico más histoquímica resultando de PNETk. Luego paciente siguió su manejo por oncología para quimiterapia inicialmente. Conclusión: El PNETk que describimos representa el primer caso reportado en nuestro país, constituye una entidad clínica única por su rareza siendo un reto hacer diagnóstico y su comportamiento y manejo se sigue basando a reportes de casos debido a su poca frecuencia.
The first successful cochlear implant in Latin America after severe aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in a Peruvian patient cured of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Pecho-Silva Samuel , Navarro-Solsol Ana Claudia , Panduro-Correa Vicky , Maguina Jorge L. , Rabaan Ali A. , Quiroz-Ramirez Luis Rene , Arteaga-Livias Kovy , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a significant public health problem for which drugs are used with many adverse effects. Among the devastating consequences of these diseases, there is a wide variation in the incidence of ototoxicity and hearing loss in patients with multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant tuberculosis. Cochlear implants may be indicated in patients with unilateral/severe bilateral hearing loss with no benefit from conventional hearing aids, but their use in patients with tuberculosis is rare. Case report: We present the first case of a right unilateral cochlear implant performed on a 34-year-old Peruvian patient who presented profound sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin. Conclusion: Cochlear implant surgery is an essential milestone in the treatment of patients with auditory sequelae of tuberculosis treatment. Close monitoring of possible complications of tuberculosis treatment should be strengthened in countries with a high incidence of multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant tuberculosis.
Automedicación y uso de plantas medicinales en estudiantes universitarios de la Amazonía Peruana durante la primera ola por COVID-19
Authors: Pasache Pinedo Piero , Diaz Mena Maxzy Andrea , Flórez Vela Milagros , Salazar Granara Alberto
Published: May 2023

Introducción: La expansión acelerada del SARS-CoV-2 trajo consigo una crisis mundial, y una serie de estudios y recomendaciones para manejarlo; mientras que estudios previos a la pandemia, evidencia elevada prevalencia de automedicación en estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo:  Identificar la frecuencia y características de automedicación contra la COVID-19 con fármacos y/o plantas medicinales en los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Loreto-Perú, durante la primera ola por COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 338 estudiantes mediante una encuesta semiestructurada ad-hoc con preguntas distribuidas en 3 dimensiones: características sociodemográficas, características de COVID-19 y características del uso de fármacos/plantas medicinales. Resultados: El promedio de la edad fue 22,39 años (DE ± 5,59), predomino el sexo femenino con 61,2 % (n=207), el 55,3% (n=187) presentaron síntomas sugestivos de COVID-19. Además, el 76,9% (n=260) utilizaron medicación, distribuido de mayor a menor 65,4 % (n=170) fármacos y plantas, 25,8 % (n=67) solo plantas, y 8,8 % (n=23) solo fármacos; incurrieron en automedicación el 79,2% (n=206). Los principales fármacos empleados fueron dexametasona, paracetamol, azitromicina, e ivermectina. Las plantas medicinales principalmente empleadas fueron eucalipto, kion, manzanilla y matico. Se presentó probable asociación a la automedicación con antecedente de síntomas sugestivos de COVID-19 (p=0.001, IC 95%), y contacto de COVID-19 (p=0,011, IC 95%). Conclusión: Entre los estudiantes de una universidad de la Amazonía Peruana, se identificó elevada prevalencia y los factores asociados a la automedicación con fármacos y plantas medicinales.