bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Women with Inoperable Breast Cancer have a Psychological Profile?
Authors: Gilbar Ora , Florian Victor
Published: May 2005

This study attempts to answer the following question: do women with inoperable breast cancer have a psychological profile? The study is based on a group of thirty cancer patients that is compared to a matched group of thirty operable breast cancer patients at two oncological institutes in the north of Israel. The participants completed both the Omega Vulnerable Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory Scale (BSI). The statistical analysis of the psychological variables of inoperable breast cancer patients indicates that these women received higher scores in denial, exhaustion, hopelessness, worthlessness, depression (Omega Vulnerable Scale), somatization, depression, hostility, psychoticism, and additional items (BSI Scale) compared to the control group. The profile of inoperable breast cancer patients did not present a specific psychiatric classification but rather different kinds of psychological symptomatology, which may explain the delay in seeking medical advice.
The Death Depression Scale-Revised. Preliminary Empirical Validation of the Spanish Form
Authors: Tomás-Sábado Joaquín , Limonero Joaquín T. , Templer Donald I. , Gómez-Benito Juana
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this study was to translate Templer et al.'s Death Depression Scale-Revised into Spanish and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Spanish students. The Death Depression Scale-Revised is a 21-item Likert format questionnaire that could also be applied in true-false format. The Spanish form of the scale was answered by 342 psychology and nursing undergraduates, obtaining a Cronbach's coefficient alpha of .90, and test-retest correlation over four weeks was .87. The first solution of a principal components analysis yielded four significant factors with Eigenvalues greater than one that accounted for 59.3% of the variance. These factors were called, respectively: anergia and vacuum, death sadness, others' death, and anhedonia. The results show that the Spanish adaptation of the Death Depression Scale-Revised has an adequate internal consistency, criterion-validity, and a coherent factorial structure.
African Americans, Democracy, and Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Contradictions or Consensus in Community-Based Participatory Research?
Authors: Spigner Clarence
Published: May 2005

Individualism, in both its political and attitudinal senses, reinforces societal and institutional racism in the United States. Because of individualism's dominant focus on self-interest and self-reliance, any application of “participatory democracy” in community-based biomedical and behavioral research is fraught with dilemmas similar to those that Gunnar Myrdal observed between American racism and democracy. The research establishment is overwhelmed by well-meaning non-minorities who recognize racism and its consequences on health, but only greater representation of people-of-color in the health establishment can ameliorate the inherent contradictions of “participatory democracy” which is so fundamental to the process of community-based participatory research.
Assessment of Computer-Based Instruction Use in Criminal Justice Education Programs
Authors: Wells James B. , Layne Ben H. , Flowers Claudia P.
Published: May 2005

The major purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which computer-based instruction is being used nationally in criminal justice education programs. Although some published studies have been performed with computer-based instruction in criminal justice training environments, little knowledge exists concerning the extent to which computer-based instruction is used in traditional academic environments. A self-administered mail survey, utilizing a sampling frame consisting of a directory of criminal justice educators, assessed the extent to which computer-based instruction is being used nationally in criminal justice education programs. The results of this survey: present concerned criminal justice educators an opportunity to examine computer-based instruction applications in criminal justice education settings by providing a basis for comparing individual programs to some national norm; reveal that a less than optimum use of computer-based instruction exists in criminal justice education programs; and suggest possible remedial measures for increasing the development and usage of computer-based instruction.
A Computer-Assisted Competency Tracking System for Training School Media Specialists
Authors: Yerkey A. Neil , Lowrey Anna Mary
Published: May 2005

The school media specialist must have broad knowledge and competence in a wide range of media services and be able to interrelate media content to the educational process. He or she must function as an educator and know, support, and help develop the educational goals of the school and community. The certification of professional media personnel is based upon the premise that the candidate for certification has achieved a required level of proficiency. This paper describes a prototype management information system for tracking students through a competency-based program. It provides faculty, advisors, and students with information about the educational and professional background of students, courses they have taken, and competencies passed as a result.
The Cherokee Excavations Revisited: Bison Hunting on the Eastern Plains
Authors: Whittaker William E.
Published: May 2005

Current models use climate change associated with Holocene Altithermal warming to explain differences between Paleoindian and Archaic bison seasons of kill on the Great Plains. These models, however, do not take into consideration the very different ecological conditions between the eastern and western Plains during this period. Reanalysis of the Cherokee Sewer site bison dentition and fetal elements indicates a late-fall to early-winter season of bison kill on the Paleoindian and Early Archaic horizons, rather than a mid- to late-winter season of kill suggested in the original report. Dentition studies also show a shift in bison mortality from younger animals to older ones during the Altithermal onset and maximum. Combined, these results suggest bison hunters on the eastern Plains used different adaptive strategies to cope with climate change than those seen on the western Plains.
Career Exploration of Academically Dismissed Students: A Developmental View
Authors: Lucas Margaretha , Hunt Patricia
Published: May 2005

This study was undertaken to investigate identity, self-esteem, and career development of 164 academically dismissed college students. The results showed that these students needed career information, but that they did not view a systematic exploration of career opportunities as useful. Degree of identity development correlated positively with career development variables for upper class level students, but not for first year students. Suggestions are presented regarding support for this population.
On Detecting the Differences in Jazz: A Reassessment of Comparative Methods of Measuring Perceptual Veridicality
Authors: Blowers Geoffrey H. , Bacon-Shone John
Published: May 2005

This article reports an extension of the jazz studies of Holbrook and Huber, which compared individuals' perceptions of music with its objective characteristics. One of their major findings was that a compositional approach to the data, i.e., one that used multiple discriminant or factor analysis provided a better statistical fit to objective features such as style, and key, than did a decompositional method which used a map derived by multidimensional scaling. They concluded that the compositional approach enables a more accurate assessment of perceptual veridicality. However, there is a confounding in their studies of the type of statistical analysis employed with the response mode allowed the subjects, which draws into question the validity of their conclusions. The study reported here assesses the relative merits of the type of statistic and mode of response separately. Its findings support the use of repertory grid as a viable tool in musical perception studies in which under appropriate conditions multiple discriminant analysis and multidimensional scaling are equally viable statistical procedures.
The Impact of Computers on Education and the Widening Income Gap
Authors: Harvey William B.
Published: May 2005

America is rapidly moving into the computer age, and as a result, new opportunities will be available for those appropriately prepared. Blacks stand to move even further behind Whites from an economic standpoint as high technology becomes more pervasive because they tend to be clustered in schools where computers are less available to students, and they hold jobs where they are less likely to learn computer skills. Even in the past four years, there has been a widening of the income gap in America—that is, the rich have gotten richer, while the poor have become poorer. Black people are disproportionately affected by this situation because they are overrepresented at the lower income levels. Meanwhile, the level of black unemployment, especially among young people, remains frightfully high. Unless steps are taken so that Blacks gain computer skills and thus have access to some of the meaningful jobs that are developed in the high technology society, a social crisis of immense proportions will develop. A knowledgeable and employable black population will make positive contributions to the development of American society. A large cohort of computer illiterate Blacks, whose main chance of employment would be restricted to menial jobs, will produce divisions that will be problematic for all Americans.
Accounting for Taste
Authors: Luborsky Ruth Samson
Published: May 2005

Speculation about the effect of time on taste in women's fashions is common. This research is the first systematic study of the curve of that relationship. Representative fashions in women's daytime costume from thirteen selected years from 1980 back to 1840 were rated for liking independently by sixty subjects divided into three age groups of twenty each. Their liking curve showed a decline over the span of years with a trough at 1920 and re-elevation after that. A repeated measures analysis of variance for differences among the years and age groups showed that the ratings by the respondents changed significantly and the separate age groups changed differently from each other.
The Aging Enterprise: In Whose Interests?
Authors: Estes Carroll L.
Published: May 2005

This paper revisits the aging enterprise in the context of the new competitive business ideology. Public policy has created an aging enterprise that assures that the needs of the aged will be processed and treated as a commodity. The medical-industrial complex, which comprises the most significant part of the aging enterprise, is a primary beneficiary of the recent reformulation of values and expectations vis-a-vis the state and the private sector. The new business ideology in health is aimed not only at controlling costs but, more importantly, at establishing health care as a market good like any other. Issues of access to needed services are raised for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries and for the uninsured.

Budget cuts, medical cost control, and the market ideology are resulting in greater fragmentation, privatization, and corporatization of services, as indicated by the author's research on the private nonprofit health and social services sector in a sample of 8 states and 32 communities.

In this paper, age-segregated politics and policies in the United States are challenged to utilize grass-roots political efforts that cross age and class barriers. Single-interest aging-based policies are criticized as a form of selfish separatism that could supplant an important and vitally needed intergenerational and coalition strategy.
The Value of the Self in Relation to Fear of Death
Authors: Aronow Edward , Rauchway Alan , Peller Marshall , De Vito Anthony
Published: May 2005

A theoretical position on death anxiety advanced by previous authors was tested in this study. Diggory and Rothman reasoned that we try to extend objects that are valued highly, while those of low value are treated with indifference or destroyed. They therefore theorized that individuals who place a high value on the self would be more afraid of death. This was tested by correlating the Templer death anxiety scale with seven self-related measures. The participants in the study were 117 college students. The death anxiety scale was found to correlate significantly with self-related measures, but in the opposite direction from what was expected on the basis of the theory. The seven self-related measures were found to overlap extensively. The results do not support the theory, and were discussed in terms of a neuroticism factor and Frankl's “will to meaning.”
Integrating Optical Videodisc and CD/ROM Technology to Teach Art History
Authors: O'Connor Richard J.
Published: May 2005

This study determines the feasibility of combining Level III microcomputer-controlled videodisc instruction with large text-based data searching provided by Compact Disc/Read Only Memory (CD/ROM) technology in an individualized instructional program in Art History. In addition, the project is intended to determine the practicality of repurposing generic videodisc and CD/ROM programs through development of programming macros that can be used by teachers to individualize program content. The National Gallery of Art videodisc and the CD/ROM version of the Grolier Academic American Encyclopedia are used as course software, with a two screen MS-DOS hardware configuration.
An Assessment of Drug Testing within the Construction Industry
Authors: Gerber Jonathan K. , Yacoubian George S.
Published: May 2005

Drug testing in the workplace has gone from virtual nonexistence to widespread employer acceptance during the past two decades. This growth is particularly significant for the construction industry. High rates of alcohol and other drug use, coupled with the high-risk, safety-sensitive nature of the industry, have prompted the development of a variety of drug surveillance and prevention strategies. Despite this growing vigilance, no scholarly works have examined the impact of drug-related policies in the construction industry. To address this limitation, we investigate the efficacy of workplace drug-testing programs in reducing injury incident rates and workers' compensation experience-rating modification factors (MODs) within the construction industry. Analyses indicate that companies with drug-testing programs experienced a 51 percent reduction in incident rates within two years of implementation. Moreover, companies that drug test their employees experienced a significant reduction in their MODs. Policy implications are discussed in light of the current findings.
Student Perceptions of the Danger of Drug Use: A Factor Analysis
Authors: Crundall Ian A.
Published: May 2005

Australian secondary school students from three Year levels were asked to rate the danger involved in various uses of alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana and other illicit drugs. These ratings were then factor analyzed for each Year level. The results showed a more refined discrimination among the older students, with type of drug and frequency of use being important considerations. Familiarity was a major consideration for the younger students. The cognitive factors derived from the data are consistent with expectations based on the gateway theory of drug use.
The Differential Effect of Learner Control and Feedback in College Students' Performance on CAI Modules
Authors: Schloss Patrick J. , Wisniewski Lech A. , Cartwright G. Phillip
Published: May 2005

Previous research has revealed various advisement strategies and computer control options in computer assisted instruction (CAI) modules. While these studies suggest that learner performance has rarely been optimized under learner control, those conditions under which the learner may demonstrate effective learner control warrant further study. This study was conducted to examine college level modules with feedback on current student performance. An analysis of the 2 (learner control, program control) X 2 (feedback, no feedback) X 2 (trained, untrained test questions) completely randomized factorial design indicated student performance was superior in modules which contained feedback on students' cumulative performance.
An Initial Evaluation of the Use of Captioned Television to Improve the Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension of Navy Sailors
Authors: Griffin Ray , Dumestre Jeanie
Published: May 2005

The Navy is interested in finding low-cost, low intervention, methods of improving the reading skills of sailors. Enlisted sailors from the USS LEXINGTON participated in a series of thirty-six captioned TV sessions between February 11 and April 19, 1991. The captioned TV sessions consisted of viewing and reading the audio portion of a regularly televised TV program. The session procedure consisted of turning on the television program and, after a few seconds, turning down the volume so it was inaudible. This procedure encouraged subjects to read the visual presentation of the normally audible soundtrack. All subjects were volunteers.
Methodology and Models of Learning Systems
Authors: Hoye Robert E.
Published: May 2005

As technological advances in electro-mechanical devices result in more sophisticated learning delivery systems, emphasis should not be diverted from the legitimacy of the “software” or “message” to be transmitted.

Evaluation procedures must be provided for at the earliest phases of program development with emphasis on measurable benefits to the learner.

Cost effectiveness measures and a review of promises of new delivery systems are discussed.
Judaism, Masada, and Suicide: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Schwartz Matthew , Kaplan Kalman J.
Published: May 2005

The story of the mass suicide at Masada is often given as an example of Jewish thought. In fact, the modern state of Israel is sometimes described as having a “Masada complex.” The present article examines Bellum Judaicum (the Jewish Wars) by Josephus [1], who was the primary, and for many centuries, exclusive source on this topic and arrives at far different conclusions. Analysis of speeches at Masada, and at a slightly earlier mass suicide at Jotapata, indicates clearly that suicide represents a Graeco-Roman rather than a Jewish response to stress. These speeches conform to Plato's dualism between body and soul and Seneca's sense of freedom rather than to Biblical and rabbinic thought. This conclusion is buttressed by the absence of a suicide narrative in Josippon, the Jewish reconstruction of Josephus [2], and by the presence of a number of examples of similar collective suicides in Graeco-Roman literature. The motives of Josephus are explored in the context of his desire to differentiate himself from the Sicarii while being both a good Jew and a good Roman.
An Indication of Change in Domestic Production in Descent Commissioned Nonmarket Economies
Authors: Vogel Joseph O.
Published: May 2005

Dwellings are equated with units of production in a descent commissioned nonmarket economy. Change in house size is construed as a by-product of social processes mediating circulations in status-yielding redistribution networks. Change in structure size at Cahokia is cited as an analogue of elaborating domestic corporations.
Dealing with Human Death: The Floating Perspective
Authors: Kenyon Gary M.
Published: May 2005

This article explores a plausible approach to dealing with the important, if not fundamental, life-span phenomenon of human death. Specifically, this approach is called the floating perspective, and is based on insights contained in the works of Choron and Jaspers. In effect, the floating perspective suggests that it is possible to deal with human death by refraining from taking an ultimate position on this problem. The inquiry elaborates on both the logic of this view as well as its psychology, that is, the attitude of mind that it suggests. This elaboration is carried out by contrasting the floating perspective with a number of other views, such as those of Epicurus and the Stoic philosophers. Whereas these views attempt to provide a remedy or an answer to the problem of death, the floating perspective encourages an openness to this unavoidable aspect of human nature. The article examines the role of anxiety and describes possible meaningful outcomes of an encounter with human death from this perspective.
The Effect of Implied Motion on the Recall of Interactive Pictures
Authors: Trotto Paul A. , Tracy Robert J.
Published: May 2005

The literature has customarily defined interaction between pictured objects in two ways. First, interaction has been defined as simply a conjoined union or physical touching of objects within a given picture scene. The second definition portrays interaction as predetermined action or implied motion between the pictured objects. Researchers typically assume these two modes of defining interaction as essentially equivalent. Generally stated, the purpose of this study was to uncover the effect that implied motion has on the processing of visual information. A factorial design was conducted with dependent variables being imageability, nameability, and recall of pictured objects. Independent variables were implied motion and viewing time. Results showed that implied motion pictures presented at a short viewing time were more nameable and better recalled than stationary pictures presented at a short viewing time. But when subjects were given more time to view visual information, implied motion and stationary pictures were equally nameable and recalled. The results indicate that when visual information is presented for a sufficiently short time, implied motion heightens the availability of a verbal code.
The Interchange of Disease and Health between the Old and New Worlds
Authors: Berlinguer Giovanni
Published: May 2005

A review of the five centuries since Columbus discovered America helps us understand the mutual contributions of the Old and the New Worlds to the history of diseases and their treatment. It also shows the consequences of this “mutual discovery” as they are currently emerging in the fields of health, culture, and the environment. To evaluate the multiple aspects of the interchange between the Old and New Worlds, this article discusses the following: the causes of the rapid decline of the original American populations; the diffusion of communicable diseases between the two civilizations; the health consequences of the nutritional changes on both sides of the Atlantic; drug addictions, as they developed through the centuries and as they exist today; the ways diseases were and are evaluated, prevented, diagnosed, and treated; and the mutual impact of different models of health services. Arguing that a major global change following the discovery of America was the transition from isolation of the two worlds to communication, and more recently, to global interdependence, the article also discusses some problems of bioethical relevance and the possible impact of new epidemics. Finally, it suggests that a critical analysis of the past may help stimulate future cooperation and solidarity.
Meta-Review of Sampling Dilemmas in Health Education Research: Design Issues and Ethical Precepts
Authors: Duryea Elias J.
Published: May 2005

Discussed is the previously unexamined relationship in health education literature between sampling techniques used in health behavior research and the ethical dilemmas investigators in the field must regularly negotiate. The intent is to describe the inherent weaknesses in both areas and to offer possible options for improvement The concepts of two-level randomization, validity of inferring results to a source population, snowball, and central location intercept sampling strategies are explored. The ethics of selecting specific sampling approaches as well as research designs to conduct research on “hidden populations” or disenfranchized cohorts such as runaways or intravenous drug users, is also examined. Recommendations are offered to enhance these two interrelated domains of inquiry and thus strengthen the image of the field both academically and publicly.
The Voyeur and His Muse: Lewis Carroll and “Alice”
Authors: Morrison Delmont C. , Morrison Shirley Linden
Published: May 2005

Recent modifications in psychoanalytic theory are used to understand the creativity of Lewis Carroll. Experience in early childhood is mainly structured by egocentric subjectivity and preoperational thought, with objective operational thought playing a less dominant role. Reflective thought and self concept develop at the same time with anxiety experienced in the interpersonal context having a major influence on the availability to consciousness of the images from early subjective experiences. The life and works of Lewis Carroll are viewed as examples of creativity as a compulsion. Carroll had life-long problems accepting various aspects of his personality that found expression in his revulsion to maleness and his romantic idealization of prepubescent girls. Although fascinated with subjective experience, he failed to understand its meaning for him and finally renounced that part of his life to compulsively explore the meaning of logic.
Effects of Logo Instruction on Cognitive Style
Authors: Cathcart W. George
Published: May 2005

Twenty-five experimental fifth-grade students were given an instructional/experiential program in Logo for fourteen weeks. A control class of eighteen students had no Logo experiences during this time but did have occasional access to a computer for CAI purposes. Both groups were administered three cognitive style tests prior to and immediately following the instructional period. The experimental group scored significantly higher on the posttest in divergent thinking and field dependence/independence. The control class also showed gains but they were not statistically significant. When the classes were compared, group effects were evident on two of the divergent thinking subtests but not on the total score. On both subtests, differences were due to better posttest performances by the experimental group than the control group.
Low-Hanging Fruit: Social Values and Industry Discretion in Toxics Use Reduction Policy
Authors: Campbell Richard , Levenstein Charles
Published: May 2005

In this article, we examine the implementation of an innovative environmental policy, the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA), which seeks to shift environmental intervention into production through the reduction of toxics use. TURA attempts to promote change by requiring facilities to undertake toxics use reduction planning as a way to identify opportunities for reducing hazardous chemical use, and the creation of a new third-party policy actor known as the toxics use reduction planner to monitor facility compliance. We draw upon interviews with toxics use reduction planners to highlight the limited nature of change actually wrought by toxics use reduction planning. The article concludes that industry preferences, while not wholly inconsistent with change, have largely determined the way in which this public policy has been implemented.
An Alternative to Regulation in the Control of Occupational Exposure to Tuberculosis in Homeless Shelters
Authors: Colton Roger D. , Colton Stephen D.
Published: May 2005

Five million U.S. workers are exposed to TB in the course of their work each year. The occupational risk of exposure to TB at homeless shelters is particularly acute. TB rates among the homeless are estimated to be 150 to 300 times the nationwide rate. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) responded to the risk to homeless shelter workers by proposing a regulation mandating that shelters take prescribed actions to identify shelter residents who represent a potential risk and to remove those residents from the homeless shelter environment. This article concludes that the risk of TB exposure within homeless shelter workers is best viewed as a public health problem rather than as exclusively a worker protection problem. Accordingly, in addition to seeking worker protections through regulatory controls, OSHA should seek to promote occupational health and safety through a public health response as well.
Community Health Education Literature from the Seventies: A Faculty Survey
Authors: Cernada George P. , Chen Ted T. L.
Published: May 2005

Faculty teaching in accredited graduate programs of community health education in U.S. universities were surveyed by mail to determine which articles published during the 1970's they would recommend that their colleagues read. The suggested readings were collected and abstracted and are presented herewith in annotated bibliographic form. The second phase of the study, a comparable survey of field practitioners, is being analyzed for a future issue of the journal.
Anxiety in Medically Ill Older Patients: A Review and Update
Authors: Hocking Leslie B. , Koenig Harold G.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

The authors review the evaluation and treatment of anxiety symptoms in elderly patients, with particular emphasis on elderly patients with chronic medical illness.

Methods:

A computer search for articles addressing anxiety symptoms in patients sixty-five and older was supplemented by the authors' clinical experience and knowledge of other literature and textbooks relevant to the topic.

Results:

Ten to 20 percent of older patients experience clinically significant symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety complaints may represent the physiological consequence of treatable medical illness, the result of psychiatric illness, or an exaggerated or normal response to life events. Both psychopharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments can be effective in relieving symptoms.

Conclusions:

Careful differential diagnosis is an essential preliminary step to successful treatment. Non-pharmacologic interventions (behavioral treatments, in particular) may be effective for many patients. Consideration of both the benefits and the risks of medication management is recommended, as elderly patients are especially vulnerable to side effects.
Apartheid as a Public Mental Health Issue
Authors: Dommisse John
Published: May 2005

The most serious hazard to the physical and mental health of the majority rural poor black population in South Africa is caused by the ruling wealthy white minority's policy of apartheid. Forced removals and dumping of millions of people into small, disconnected, barren, poor reserve areas, bereft of adequate medical, psychiatric and public health services (the ‘final solution’ of the ‘native problem’) causes widespread malnutrition, infectious and other diseases, and high mortality and mental-illness rates. Blacks and progressive whites are banned, terrorized, detained without trial, tortured, and murdered by the state; the Africans are not only disfranchised but are now also being denationalized and deprived of their ancient birthright to this richly-endowed part of Africa. Acceptance of this modern version of Naziism by the World Psychiatric Association and the World Medical Association, in the face of adequate information provided by the United Nations, its agency the World Health Organization, the American Psychiatric Association, and numerous other agencies and reports, needs urgent examination and decisive action.
Using Simcpu in Cooperative Learning Laboratories
Authors: Lin Janet Mei-Chuen , Wu Cheng-Chih , Liu Hsi-Jen
Published: May 2005

This article reports the research findings of an experimental design in which cooperative learning strategies were applied to closed-lab instruction of computing concepts. SimCPU, a software package specially designed for closed-lab usage, was used by 171 high-school students of four classes. In contrast to the students in the control group who operated SimCPU individually, students in the experimental group formed threesome teams to learn the CPU-related concepts by operating SimCPU cooperatively. The results showed that collaboration did enhance learning and that blending cooperative learning with closed-lab instruction in computer science was viable.
Influence of Perceived Preventability of the Death and Emotional Closeness to the Deceased: A Test of Bugen's Model
Authors: Guarnaccia Charles A. , Hayslip Bert , Landry Lisa Pinkenburg
Published: May 2005

This study tested Bugen's (1977, 1979) model of human grief with data from 435 adults, ages eighteen to eighty-eight years old, who had attended the funeral of a family member or close friend in the past two years. The model's two factors, Emotional Closeness to the deceased and Perceived Preventability of the death, were strong predictors of grief and bereavement adjustment. To test the robustness of this model, these two factors were then used to predict aspects of the funeral. Emotional Closeness to the deceased, but not Perceived Preventability of the death, provided some prediction of Meaningfulness of the funeral and Participation in the funeral rituals.
The Relationships of Health Behaviors to Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Role Modeling among Health Professionals in South Korea
Authors: Pak Sung-Hye K. , Olsen Larry K. , Mahoney Beverly S.
Published: May 2005

This study assesses the relationships between health behaviors of health professionals in South Korea and their perceived stress, job satisfaction, and role as positive models of health behaviors. The data were collected using a series of three mailings ( n = 207). Based on factor analysis, the following four health behavior constructs were developed as measures of respondents' health behaviors: eating regular meals and fruit, drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes, eating out and consuming snacks and caffeine, and engaging in regular physical activity and relaxation. Several items were used to measure the perception of stress, job satisfaction, and a role model of positive health behaviors. The results showed significant relationships between health behaviors and health professionals' perceptions on stress, job satisfaction and role modeling ( p < .05). The results suggested that practicing positive health behaviors could have an influence on job performance as well as creating positive self-perception of health professionals. Implications for further study of health behaviors in South Korea are discussed.
Fantasy and Sexual Arousal in College Women: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Lentz Sharon L. , Zeiss Antonette M.
Published: May 2005

Reports regarding response to intercourse were collected from fifty-six female undergraduates. These women also read three stories, one erotic, one romantic, and one containing a mixture of romantic and erotic components. Women rated their arousal and ability to visualize each story. They also reported the content of their fantasies in terms of romantic, erotic or mixed components, in four situations: daydreaming, foreplay, intercourse, and masturbation. It was hypothesized that women who reported a high percentage of intercourse related fantasies during masturbation would be more likely to experience orgasm during intercourse. This hypothesis was supported. Other predictions were not supported. Explanations for this pattern of results and future research are discussed.
The Influence of Rural/Urban Residence on Health in the Oldest-Old
Authors: Clayton Gloria M. , Dudley William N. , Patterson William D. , Lawhorn Leslie A. , Poon Leonard W. , Johnson Mary Ann , Martin Peter
Published: May 2005

Differences between rural ( n = 18) and urban ( n = 66) centenarians are examined across the following variables: physical health, activities of daily living, mental health, and life satisfaction. Results demonstrate higher levels of morale in rural residents and higher levels of functional health as exhibited by urban elders. Qualitative data support trends of increased degrees of independence among the rural participants. The absence of robust differences in rural and urban centenarians is discussed in terms of a leveling-off effect.
The Walk-in Chains: The Proprietarization of Ambulatory Care
Authors: Berliner Howard S. , Burlage Robb K.
Published: May 2005

In this article we examine the previously little-studied development in U.S. health care-the growth of a proprietary ambulatory care system composed of health maintenance organizations, urgent care centers, ambulatory surgicenters, ambulatory diagnostic centers, large group practices, and other delivery modalities. The growth of this system as a result of the ease of access to capital, limited or nonexistent regulation through Certificate of Need or other mechanisms, the growing surplus of physicians, decreases in the use of hospitals as a result of changed insurance benefits and inpatient utilization review, new developments in biotechnology, and computerization and miniaturization of new technological advances is discussed. The reasons for the expanded growth of proprietary chains over nonprofit systems of ambulatory care are also discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of the negative consequences for individual health and the health care system that may be generated by the continued growth of proprietary ambulatory care.
University Students' Usage and Perceptions of the Internet
Authors: Zhang Yixin
Published: May 2005

This study explored how university students used the Internet and how attributes, such as university major, gender, and age, were implicated in the Internet usage factors—enjoyment, usefulness, anxiety, and self-efficacy. The data revealed that university students used the Internet very frequently, with the majority on a daily basis. Factorial ANOVA analysis revealed that statistically significant differences of enjoyment was found between male and female students, the younger and older students, and students' different majors across age groups. Differences on the Internet usefulness was found between female and male students and between students' different majors across age groups. Multiple regression revealed that students' enjoyment, feeling of the Internet usefulness, and self-efficacy significantly contributed to their anxiety level toward utilizing the Internet.
Effects of Classroom Gender Composition on Adolescents' Computer-Related Attitudes and Future Intentions
Authors: Crombie Gail , Armstrong Patrick Ian
Published: May 2005

Differences in computer-related attitudes and future intentions between females in an all-female class and males and females in mixed-gender classes were examined. Participants were sixty-seven students enrolled in a Grade 11 computer science course which was offered in both all-female and mixed-gender classes. Students completed a questionnaire assessing perceived support of teachers and parents, computer-related attitudes, and future intentions. Females from the all-female class reported greater perceived teacher support than either males or females from the mixed-gender classes and were similar to males in confidence, intrinsic motivation, and future academic intentions. To the extent that differences can be attributed to classroom gender-composition, obtained results indicate that an all-female computer science classroom environment may enhance the learning experiences of female students.
Ammonia Induced Encephalopathy from Valproic Acid in a Bipolar Patient: Case Report
Authors: Elgudin Larissa , Hall Yvonne , Schubert Daniel
Published: May 2005

Valproic acid is widely used as a mood stabilizer. We report a case of an adult with bipolar disorder taking therapeutic doses of valproic acid, who presented to the emergency department with coma related to hyperammonemia as a complication of valproic acid treatment. Valproic acid was discontinued which resulted in rapid clinical recovery. Valproic acid induced coma was likely related to a urea cycle enzymopathy. Clinicians should consider hyperammonemia in all patients who present with coma and other mental status changes while on valproic acid. In such patients, ammonia level should be obtained in addition to liver function tests.
Expectations, Alienation, and Drinking Motives among College Men and Women
Authors: Bradley John R. , Carman Roderick S. , Petree Allen
Published: May 2005

Relationships among three motivational variables (negative-personal functions of drinking, alienation, and perceived discrepancies between valued goals and expected success toward valued goals) were evaluated in a group of 257 college drinkers. As predicted, a positive relationship between alienation scores and the extent of discrepancies between values and expectations for academic and social success was found. Negative-personal drinking functions were positively associated with both alienation and value-expectation discrepancies. Results are discussed in terms of heuristic consistency and potential applications.
Application of a Transfer of Training Model to Training Device Assessment
Authors: Swezey Robert W.
Published: May 2005

A transfer of training model known as TRAINVICE developed by Wheaton, Fingerman, Rose and Leonard, was applied to the evaluation of two antitank gunnery training devices [1]. Procedures employed in applying the model are described and data generated by the model's application are presented. Discussion is devoted to the outcome of the application to the devices, and to the general topic of transfer of training assessment.
Documentation: A Functional Rationale
Authors: Allen J. W.
Published: May 2005

This article describes a practical rationale for the use of documentation in technical or business reports and articles based on a definition of documentation which emphasizes its role in providing support for theses. Stressing the “evidential” aspect of documentation, and the importance of “verifiability,” the article shows how the concept of documentation is relevant to both primary and secondary research reporting. Advantages which follow from this approach are pointed out. The approach described is one formulated for and currently being used in technical and business writing courses at Auburn University.
Neuropsychological Concepts of Somatoform Disorders
Authors: Miller Laurence
Published: May 2005

Clinical descriptions of somatoform disorders tend to fall largely into the two main categories of conversion disorder and hypochondriasis. These disorders frequently occur in the context of other psychopathology and also tend to have a significant association with CNS disease. Evidence implicating alterations in brainstem reticular arousal and attentional mechanisms in the etiology of these disorders is reviewed. Relevant studies investigating cerebral asymmetry of function have tended to associate right hemisphere information processing style with the sensory, attentional and affective changes that characterize conversion disorders. It is suggested that brain research in the field of somatoform disorders look to the second somatosensory area (SII), which appears to be especially suited to the types of neurophysiological and neuropsychological dynamics that are generally presumed to underlie this class of maladies. Finally, it is argued that a biopsychosocial approach to the understanding of somatoform disorders requires the incorporation of neuropsychological data into a multidimensional conceptual framework.
Interactive Two-Way Television: Revisited
Authors: Johnson Glenn Ross , O'Connor Michael , Rossing Robert
Published: May 2005

In an earlier study involving a repeated measures design with one group of students receiving instruction via interactive two-way television, the investigators stated they would continue their studies during the Spring of 1983 where one of the authors would teach two different groups simultaneously, one group via two-way interactive television and the other group via in-person teaching. This article presents the data collected during the second study, discusses the findings, and then presents the proposition that it might be the participants' perception of the utility of two-way interactive television that makes the difference, not the mediated methodology.
Job Demands and Stress Reactions in Repetitive and Uneventful Monotony at Work
Authors: Johansson Gunn
Published: May 2005

Monotonous work has been analyzed from sociological and social psychological perspectives in terms of consequences for job satisfaction, life satisfaction, leisure activities, and health. In this article, a distinction is made between repetitive and uneventful monotony. Psychobiological reactions to these tasks are analyzed and related to possible long-term consequences for health. Strategies for work reform required for the two types of monotony are discussed.
The Stability of Illness Behavior after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Byrne D. G.
Published: May 2005

The temporal persistence of illness behavior evident soon after myocardial infarction [MI] was examined over an eight month period in a cohort of survivors of MI. Persistence was evident in seven of eight patterns of illness behavior, as indicated by significant correlations between illness behavior scores soon after MI and those obtained eight months later. The importance of this finding is discussed in the light of the role of illness behavior soon after MI in determining patterns of outcome.
Calculating Dwi/Dwai Recidivism with Limited Data: Using State Driver License File for Drinking and Driving Research
Authors: Yu Jiang , Williford William R.
Published: May 2005

One major research issue in drinking-driving is the volume of DWI/DWAI recidivism in a political unit during a given period of time. This article addresses a methodological issue: How can limited data from the official driver license file be used to calculate drinking-driving recidivism rates? New York State maintains one of the most comprehensive driver license files in the nation, but a dynamic process purges records on the file that are more than ten years old. The magnitude of the recidivism rate calculated from this file, thus, is influenced by the number of data points included: the more years of data included, the higher the rate. We used OLS to examine the impact of the dimension of the data on the recidivism rate and mathematically extended the file to the point where the impact of the data dimension is minimum. We, then, calculated the New York State DWI/DWAI recidivism with an “extended dimension.”
The Export of Hazardous Factories to Developing Nations
Authors: Castleman Barry I.
Published: May 2005

The export of hazardous industrial plants to developing nations is examined for a number of industries. As hazardous and polluting industries come under increasing regulation in industrial nations, some of the affected processes are exported, without improvements to make them less hazardous, to nonregulating countries where cheap and uninformed labor is abundant. “Runaway shops” then market their products in industrial nations with the competitive advantage of not having had to comply with costly workplace and pollution-control regulations.

The international trade impacts of hazard export include: export of jobs from regulating to nonregulating countries; shift of international balance of payments in favor of nonregulating countries; export of mortal health hazards and environmental destruction to workers and communities in nonregulating nations, in order to produce goods for consumption by the regulating countries; weakened competitive position of reputable manufacturers who incur control costs and compete in domestic and world markets against less scrupulous companies; prolonged widespread use of discredited, extremely hazardous technologies, arising from the continuing “subsidy” of certain industries by workers and communities exposed to uncontrolled, well-recognized, mortal health hazards; and aggravated international relations resulting from developing nations' awareness and concern over becoming dumping grounds for hazard export from industrial nations.