bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of hysteresis effects on a soil subjected to drying and wetting cycles
Authors: Rafraf Samia , Guellouz Lamia , Guiras Houda , Bouhlila Rachida
Published: November 2016

A quantitative description of soil hysteretic response during drying-wetting cycles is required to improve prediction of the soil water retention model. The objective of the study is to quantify the degree of hysteresis, which is helpful to evaluate the precision of soil water flow calculation. A new procedure to quantify the degree of hysteresis is presented. The Arya-Paris model allows assessment of hysteresis effects from initial drying curves, dynamic contact angles, degree of hysteresis value, and maximum difference value between drying and subsequent wetting curves. The experimental results show that the degree of hysteresis varies with the particle size, bulk density, void ratio, initial water content, and contact angle of the soil. The new findings can be very useful in modelling soil water flows.
On a criterion for the solvability of one ill-posed problem for the biharmonic equation
Authors: Kal’menov Tynysbek S. , Sadybekov Makhmud A. , Iskakova Ulzada A.
Published: November 2016

A local boundary value problem for an inhomogeneous
biharmonic equation in a rectangular domain is considered.
Boundary conditions are given on the whole boundary of the domain.
It is shown that the problem turns out to be self-adjoint. And
herewith the problem is ill-posed. An
example is constructed demonstrating that the solution stability to the problem
is violated. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence
of a strong solution to the investigated problem are found. The
idea of the method is that the solution to the problem is
constructed in the form of an expansion on eigenfunctions of this
self-adjoint problem. This problem has an isolated point of
continuous spectrum in zero. It is shown that there exists a series (a sequence) of eigenvalues converging to zero.
Asymptotics of these eigenvalues is found. Namely this
asymptotics defines a reason for the ill-posedness of the
investigated problem. A space of well-posedness for the
investigated problem is constructed.
Adventure in a new language: what a first generation Canadian immigrant’s narrative holds for ESL teachers
Authors: Fang Xing
Published: November 2016

This paper explored the value of learner’s stories for ESL (English as a Second Language) teachers’ teaching and research through a narrative inquiry of the lived English learning experience of a first generation Canadian immigrant. It first reviewed the concept of narrative and the significance of launching narrative inquiry. Then, it presented an interview conducted with the Canadian immigrant as a model of narrative inquiry. Themes of the narrative interview were found to resonate with theoretical issues of SLE (Second Language Education), ESL and SLA (Second Language Acquisition). Considering the themes and the entire interviewing process, this paper closed with a discussion of the benefits of narrative inquiry for ESL teachers’ teaching and research.
Increased rates of cesarean sections and large families: a potentially dangerous combination
Authors: Saleh Ahmed M. , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Ahmed Badreldeen
Published: November 2016

Rates of cesarean sections have been on the rise over the past three decades all over the world, despite the ideal rate of 10–15% that had been set by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1985, in Fortaleza, Brazil. This epidemic increase in the rate of cesarean delivery is due to many factors which include, cesarean delivery on request, advanced maternal age at first pregnancy, decrease in number of patients who are willing to try vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, virtual disappearance of vaginal breech delivery, perceived increase in the weight of the fetus and increase in the number of women with chronic medical conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus and congenital heart disease in the reproductive age. There is no doubt that cesarean delivery is a safe procedure and it is getting safer and safer for many reasons. However, like all other surgical procedures it is not without risks both to the mother and the new born. There is a substantial increase in the incidence of morbidly adherent placenta and the risk of scar pregnancy. In the Middle East and many African and Asian countries women tend to have large families. The number of previous cesarean section deliveries is directly proportional to the risk of developing morbidly adherent placenta. Morbidly adherent placenta is the most common cause of emergency postpartum hysterectomy, which is often associated with multiple surgical complications, severe maternal morbidity and mortality. The increased rates of cesarean sections lead to increased rates of scar pregnancies, which can have lethal consequences. Cesarean delivery has a negative impact on the infant immune system. This effect on the infant led to the introduction of a new concept called “Vaginal seeding”. This refers to the practice of transferring some maternal vaginal fluid to the infant born via cesarean section in an effort to enhance its immune system.
Myc. a-o-ri-me-ne and Hom. δόρυ μαίνεται
Authors: Kölligan Daniel
Published: November 2016

The Myc. PN a-o-ri-me-ne may be interpreted as a possessive compound ʻwho has the μένος of the sword’, or as ʻwho has the μένος in the swordʼ, if the compounding vowel -i- was still functional as a locative marker, as Ruijgh proposed, or simply as the combination of the two elements [rage] and [sword]. The interpretation is supported by collocations of words for ʻspearʼ and ʻrageʼ in the epic language. At least in the Homeric world the μένος that temporarily resides in a weapon is probably due to the divine influence of Ares whose fury may enter both the weapon and its possessor.
La etimología de σμάραγδος: una nueva propuesta a la luz del micénico
Authors: Piquero Juan
Published: November 2016

The etymology of σμάραγδος is traditionally related to the Semitic root *brq, ʻto shineʼ. However, this article sets out the idea that this etymology comes from a Semitic word related to the root *wrq, ʻto be greenʼ, which is, in turn, related to myc. pa-ra-ku-we and its derivatives. This new etymology is based on the analysis of the syllabogram *56, which may probably have a value as /ba/ or /
Zur Vorgeschichte des griechischen „Königtums“
Authors: Müller Marko
Published: November 2016

Gegenstand des Aufsatzes ist eine neue Deutung der qa-sire- we. Dafür werden zunächst einige Grundsätze vorgestellt, die bei der Interpretation mykenischer Rollenbezeichnungen zu beachten sind. Anschließend wird begründet, warum die bei Untersuchungen zu den qa-si-re- we bisher primär herangezogenen Texte der Subserie Jn nur sekundär herangezogen werden dürfen. Vorrangig wichtig sind vielmehr Texte, die qa-si-re-we zum Hauptgegenstand haben. Nach diesen ist eine Beschäftigung mit Rindern charakteristisch für die qa-si-re-we. Die bisher angenommene Verbindung von qa-si-re-we mit Gold besteht dagegen nicht. Insgesamt scheinen die qa-si-re-we keine palastferne Stellung gehabt zu haben und auch keine vorpalatialen Amtsträger gewesen zu sein.
WALWET and KUKALIM
Authors: Dale Alexander
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the walwet and kukalim legends appearing on early electrum coinage from Lydia. After a survey of previous interpretations, it is argued that the appurtenance suffix in kukalim functions as a patronymic, ‘I am a son/descendant of Gyges’, referring to Alyattes, whose name is now generally and correctly seen in walwet. Building on this, the chronological implications that this reading poses for the dates of Alyattes are then considered in relation to the revised dating of coins from the Artemisium deposit. It is suggested that Alyattes was already on the Lydian throne by ca. 635 BC, a dating which has further implications for the chronology of other rulers of the Mermnad dynasty.
Nested Regulation in Law and Development: Identifying Sites of Indigenous Resistance and Reform
Authors: Graben Sari
Published: November 2016

Despite a radical change in the contemporary regulation of Indigenous lands, comparative scholarship remains focused on state determined rights and their development by the judiciary. This focus is rooted in an assumption that rights recognition bestows protection on identified groups and their lands. However, the model has limited the ability of comparative law to engage with regulatory approaches to Indigenous land tenure – instead characterized by regulatory institutions that enable decision-makers to avoid encounters. This article corrects this anachronism by reframing comparative Indigenous law to better recognize how rights are embedded in nested regimes that legitimate rationalized decision-making. The concept of nested regimes, which has mostly been used internationally, is applied in the domestic context in order to clarify where regulatory authority overlaps and how decision-making on rights or its avoidance impacts other actors. Using several institutions – the judiciary, the executive, private industry, police, and Indigenous communities – the article illustrates how overlapping regimes attempt to avoid a rights based discourse and therefore complicate Indigenous strategies of resistance and reform. In doing so, this article presents the outlines of a larger project to develop methodologies that pay attention to the regulatory dimension of implementing constitutionally secured rights. This contributes to the growing interest in synthesizing law and development, comparative law and regulatory perspectives; disciplines which have remained intellectually isolated from each other until recently.
Are there differences in the attractiveness of shopping centres? Experiences from the Czech and Slovak Republics
Authors: Kunc Josef , Križan František , Bilková Kristína , Barlík Peter , Maryáš Jaroslav
Published: November 2016

The measurement and evaluation of the attractiveness of shopping centres in the Czech and the Slovak Republics is examined in this paper, countries which had experienced seventy years of development within a single state. The methodological basis for measuring the attractiveness of 130 shopping centres is an evaluation of the factors that can be described as objective (exogenous and endogenous) and subjective (in vivo and in vitro approach). An aggregate indicator of the overall attractiveness of each shopping centre was computed as a combination of the sub-variables. Based on previous international studies, the factors (variables influencing attractiveness) that are typical for shopping malls anywhere in the world, as well as for the original specific information for the Czech-Slovak retail environment, enable a generalization of the results at least to the East Central European level, and to carry out a comparison with any other market environment.
Some dilemmas of post-industrialism in a region of traditional industry: The case of the Katowice conurbation, Poland
Authors: Krzysztofik Robert , Tkocz Maria , Spórna Tomasz , Kantor-Pietraga Iwona
Published: November 2016

The problem of using the concept of post-industrialism to define regions with traditional industries is addressed in this article. It focuses on the diversity of industrial development in the Katowice conurbation (Poland) and the difficulties of situating the region in the widely-used taxonomy by Phelps and Ozawa, which assumes a one-way transition from the late-industrial to post-industrial stage. The authors point to the fact that only some of the towns can be described as post-industrial, since there are also towns in which traditional industries continue to develop relatively well and others at an advanced stage of re-industrialisation. The proposal is made that the Katowice conurbation can be described as a “trans-industrial region” in order to account for the various stages of development in the industrial sector in the towns of the conurbation, and to underline the dynamic nature and temporal variability of the industrialisation factor in the region.
New business models for state companies in the oil industry
Authors: Tanţău Adrian D. , Khorshidi Mohammadreza
Published: November 2016

In the scientific literature business models are defined as architecture of the value creation, profit formula, key processes and key resources. For the oil industry there is a need to develop new business models that have to describe the specificity of this industry and to take into consideration the new objectives after the global oil crisis. Although crude oil price has dropped dramatically since second quarter 2014, OPEC raised crude output to the its highest value in more than three years as it pressed on with a strategy to protect market share and pressure competing producers. The objective of this article is to identify and promote new business models for state companies in the oil industry. The research methodology is based on case studies that present and analyze the business models in two of the main oil producers Iran and Iraq, where the state companies are playing an important role in this industry. The subject is relevant because the business models for state companies in the oil industry have to be modified after the oil crisis and these are not real analysed in the scientific literature. Furthermore, the aspects discussed in the current article represent the main factors that will influence investment prospects of companies in the field in the next decade.
Lexicographica et onomastica Graeca
Authors: Curbera Jaime
Published: November 2016

A great many Greek simple names originated as appellatives for young children. The terms that lie behind these names were not always of the kind we find in literary texts (and in our dictionaries), and are therefore records of as-yet unknown popular Greek. This is the underlying theme in the seven discussions presented here, where we examine proper names formed on reflexive pronouns, and on the nouns ἱκέτης, λάθυρος, μύναρος, νόθος, σίνις, and σωμάτιον.
Re-experiencing the Past
Authors: Nijk Arjan A.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this article is to make a contribution towards a fuller understanding of thepraesens pro praeterito(the present referring to past states of affairs, more commonly known as ‘historical present’) in Classical Greek by studying its use in non-narrative discourse in tragedy. The case of Sophocles’Oedipus Rexserves as a framework for this survey. Taking the relevant present forms in this play as a starting point, three groups of verbs are subjected to close analysis: verbs of ‘dying’/‘perishing’, of ‘giving birth’/‘begetting’, and of ‘killing’. It is argued that the primary indicative forms referring to the past belonging to these verbs do not stand for perfects, as is often suggested, but retain their specific value: they construe the designated events as somehow part of the speaker’s ‘immediate reality’. Specifically in theOedipus,the present is used bythe protagonist and his co-operative interlocutors to highlight those facts that are crucial to Oedipus’ quest of finding out the killer’s, and with that his own, identity.
Mother-Child Conversations and Child Memory Narratives: The Roles of Child Gender and Attachment
Authors: Kelly Kimberly R.
Published: November 2016

This study examined the roles of child gender and attachment in mother-child narrative conversations and child independent narratives. Children (Mage= 56 months) told personal narratives independently and while engaged in narrative conversations with their mothers. The Attachment Story Completion Task-Revised (Verschueren & Marcoen, 1994) measured child attachment representations. Results indicated that attachment was linked to maternal conversational style and child independent narratives. Mothers with secure sons continued their topics more than mothers of secure daughters, and secure boys’ independent narratives were less elaborative than those of secure girls. However, no gender differences were found among insecure dyads. We argue that mothers of secure boys sensitively recognize their sons’ cues within the conversational context and respond to the need for further verbal assistance, thus providing more on-topic replies in narrative conversations.
Phosphorus in Sintered Steels: Interaction of Phosphorus with Mo
Authors: Danninger H. , Üregen B.
Published: November 2016

Phosphorus as an alloy element is quite common in powder metallurgy, the contents industrially used being markedly higher than those present in wrought steels. However, embrittlement effects are reported also for sintered steels, in part depending on the alloy elements present. In this study, the influence of phosphorus addition on the mechanical properties of PM steels alloyed with Mo, as the most common VI group element in sintered steels, was investigated. PM steels of the type Fe-x%Mo-0.7%Cy% P were manufactured with varying contents of Mo and P, respectively. It showed that P activates sintering also in these materials and enhances Mo homogenization, but there is in fact a risk of embrittlement in these steels that however strongly depends on the combination of Mo and P in the materials: If a critical level is exceeded, embrittlement is observed. At low Mo contents, higher P concentrations are acceptable and vice versa, but e.g. in a material Fe-1.5%Mo-0.7%C-0.45%P, pronounced intergranular embrittlement occurs, further enhanced by sinter hardening effects. This undesirable phenomenon is more pronounced at higher sintering temperatures and in case of faster heating/cooling; it was observed both in materials prepared from mixed and prealloyed powders, respectively. This typical intergranular failure observed with embrittled specimens, in particular after impact testing, indicates the precipitation of brittle phases at the grain boundaries, apparently when exceeding the solubility product between Mo and P.
Effects of mechanical strength, working temperature and wax lubricant on tribological behavior of polystyrene
Authors: Khun Nay Win , Liu Erjia
Published: November 2016

The tribological properties of polystyrene (PS) samples with different mechanical strengths were systematically investigated. The friction of the PS samples tested against a 6 mm steel ball significantly increased with increased working temperature from room temperature (RT) to glass transition temperature (Tg)+20°C, while their wear apparently decreased. The harder PS samples exhibited lower friction and wear for all working temperatures. Lubricating the PS samples with wax lubricant at RT resulted in much lower friction and wear compared to those of the ones tested dry, because the wax lubricant effectively lubricated the rubbing surfaces. Addition of soda lime glass microspheres into the wax lubricant slightly lowered the friction of the PS samples with lower hardness compared to that of the same ones lubricated without the microspheres, due to the reduced direct contact between two rubbing surfaces and the free-rolling effect of the microspheres.
Temperature rise in a verging annular die
Authors: Younes Georges R. , Giacomin A. Jeffrey , Gilbert Peter H.
Published: November 2016

Plastic pipes, tubes or catheters are extruded by pressure-driven flows through annular dies. Whereas die lands are straight, the section connecting the die land to the extruder either converges or diverges, converging when the product is smaller than the extruder barrel, and diverging when larger. In this paper, we carefully consider the converging or diverging connecting flows, in spherical coordinates, for the most common configuration: the Newtonian pressure-driven flow through the annulus between two coapical coaxial cones. We derive the exact analytical solution for the velocity profile, and then use this to arrive at the exact analytical solution for the temperature rise caused by viscous heating. We care about this rise because it often governs maximum throughput, since pipe makers must protect the melt from thermal degradation. We find that both the velocity profile, and the temperature profile, peak over the same conical surface and this surface is nearer the inner die wall. We also provide analytical expressions for the nonlinear pressure profile and the die cooling requirement. We find that this cooling requirement is always higher on the inner cone.
Politeness in ancient Rome: Can it help us evaluate modern politeness theories?
Authors: Dickey Eleanor
Published: November 2016

This paper takes four frameworks for understanding linguistic politeness (Brown and Levinson, Watts, Terkourafi, Hall) and tests each on the same corpus to see whether they yield results that are useful and/or in keeping with the other information we have about the material. The corpus used consists of 661 polite requests made in letters by a single Roman author, Cicero. The results demonstrate first that politeness theories are helpful as explanatory tools even in dealing with very well-known material, and second that no one theory is best: different theories are more and less useful in answering different questions about the data. It is therefore suggested that the use of multiple frameworks will provide the best understanding of the data.
MRSA in recurrent frontal sinusitis
Authors: Budu Vlad , Costache Andreea , Decuseara Tatiana , Coman Alexandru , Guliga Alexandra , Baican Raluca , Panfiloiu Alexandru , Bulescu Ioan , Goanta Cristina , Ionita C. , Tusaliu Mihail
Published: November 2016

The authors present a case of recurrent frontal rhinosinusitis, for which the drug therapy was ineffective. To avert the risk of complications, multiple classic and endoscopic surgical procedures were performed on the frontal sinus pathology.

The bacterium involved in this form of rhinosinusitis was represented by a Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) diagnosed during the first endoscopic approach (the second surgical procedure) for which the treatment corresponding to the antibiogram was followed. At the last hospitalization, the patient has underwent a frontal bilateral drainage surgery (modified Lothrop procedure) and started an adequate anti-MRSA treatment.

The authors wondered whether multiple recurrences of frontal rhinosinusitis are determined by an incomplete drainage, by a persistent infection with MRSA or by both.
Stochastic flows associated with Stratonovich curve-line integrals
Authors: Damian Virgil , Ijacu Daniela
Published: November 2016

In this paper, Stratonovich curve-line integrals are used to
describe the evolution of a stochastic flow driven by some noncommuting
vector fields and independent double Wiener processes. In fact, we analyze
the corresponding stochastic evolution of a stochastic flow driven by
noncommuting vector fields

{

g
1

,
…
,

g
m

}

${\{g_{1},\ldots,g_{m}\}}$

and
independent double Wiener processes

{

W
i

⁢

(
t
)

=

(

W
1
i

⁢

(

t
1

)

,

W
2
i

⁢

(

t
2

)

)

∈

ℝ
2

:

t
=

(

t
1

,

t
2

)

∈
D

}

,
1

≤
i
≤
m

.

$\bigl{\{}W^{i}(t)=\bigl{(}W_{1}^{i}(t_{1}),W_{2}^{i}(t_{2})\bigr{)}\in\mathbb{%
R}^{2}:t=(t_{1},t_{2})\in D\bigr{\}},\quad 1\leq i\leq m.$

It is a significant generalization of the case

m
=
1

${m=1}$

, considered in a joint
work of V. Damian and C. Vârsan (see [2]). This paper contains
two open problems; a good start for a future research.
Numerical modeling of open pit (OP) to underground (UG) transition in coal mining
Authors: Nguyen Phu Minh Vuong , Niedbalski Zbigniew
Published: November 2016

The primary objective of the present paper is an attempt at evaluating the influence of sub-level caving operations on the slope stability of a still-functioning open pit coal mine in Vietnam. Initially, various methods of predicting the impact of underground mining on surface stability are discussed. Those theoretical considerations were later utilized in the process of constructing a Flac-2D-software-based numerical model for calculating the influence of underground operation on the deformation and possible loss of stability of an open pit slope. The numerical analysis proved that the values of open pit slope displacements were affected mainly by underground exploitation depth, direction of operation (i.e., from one slope to the other) and the distance from the slope plane. Real geomechanical strata parameters from the Vietnamese coal basin of Cam Pha were used in the modeling process. The paper is, therefore, a critical review of the hitherto proposed methods of predicting the impact of underground operation (UG) on open pit mining (OP), illustrated with selected examples of case studies on OP-UG interaction, followed by an original experiment based on numerical modeling method. This is first such study for the genuine conditions of the coal mining in Vietnam. The obtained results, however, should not be generalized due to a highly specific character of the analyzed phenomenon of mining-induced surface deformation. The practical implications of the study may occur extremely useful in the case of an UG-OP transition. Such a transition is often necessary for both technical and economical reasons, as in some coal basins open pit operations at greater depths occur unfeasible, which calls for a proper selection of parameters for a planned underground operation.
The profiling of university of Ljubljana students according to their motives for exercise participation
Authors: Cerar Katja , Kondrič Miran , Sindik Joško
Published: November 2016

Introduction

The main research objective is the analysis of the grouping of the students of the University of Ljubljana, with respect to the intensity of different types of exercise participation motives, their gender, discipline and year of study, level of physical activity, status of physical education class, organization of physical activities during study, and place of residence.

Methods

Data were collected using personal data sheets during enrolling students at the University of Ljubljana. Students completed The Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2), with additional data about sociodemographic parameters.

Results

The results reveal that the students could be grouped in three distinctive clusters, which can be very clearly explained in terms of the prevalence of exercise participation motives in general. The students grouped in the first cluster have the lowest average values (means) in all exercise participation motives. The students grouped in the second cluster have the profile with moderate means in all exercise participation motives, while the students grouped in the third cluster have the profile with the highest means in all exercise participation motives.

Conclusions

The results indicate overall higher motivation for physical activity in men. All the sub-samples are different in their relevant features used in clustering (e.g., male students are dominant in life sciences, etc.), which provide a guide both for the explanation of the results obtained and for practical implications.
Sex Differences and Sex Identification in the Small-Scaled Scorpionfish, Scorpaena Porcus (Scorpaenidae, Scorpaeniformes)
Authors: Peskov V. N. , Manilo L. G.
Published: November 2016

Sex differences and the ability to determine the sex of Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) on morphological characters were studied in the population inhabiting coastal waters of the Black Sea near the southern coast of Crimea. These differences were revealed in size (females are larger than males) and in proportions of the body. It is found that variation of the absolute and relative values in plastic characters is higher in females compared with males. It is shown that in 92 % of individuals belonging to S. porcus we can determine the sex using morphological characters with a probability of 99.9-100 %.
Food Habits of the Endemic Long Legged Wood Frog, Rana Pseudodalmatina (Amphibia, Ranidae), in Northern Iran
Authors: Najibzadeh M. , Gharzi A. , Rastegar-Pouyani N. , Rastegar-Pouyani E. , Pesarakloo A.
Published: November 2016

Iranian long legged wood frog, Rana pseudodalmatina Eiselt & Schmidtler, 1971 is a brown frog species endemic to the Hyrcanian forest. The objective of the present study is to collect detailed information on the feeding habits of 44 specimens of this species (24 ♂, 20 ♀) by analyzing the stomach contents of individuals from 10 populations inhabiting range. The food habit of R. pseudodalmatina generally varies by the availability of surrounding prey items, and it is a foraging predator, the food of which consists largely of Coleoptera (mainly Carabidae, Dytiscidae and Haliplidae), Diptera (Muscidae) and Hymenoptera (Formicidae), and no difference was found between females and males in the stomach content.
Get thee behind me, City God!
Authors: Klotz David
Published: November 2016

The most recent analysis of the Saite Formula by K. Jansen-Winkeln (2000), based on an exhaustive corpus of over 200 examples, concluded that it was essentially a dedication formula expressed in the passive voice, commemorating the proper sacralization of the statue. Two previously unrecognized examples, both from Nubia during the late Eighteenth Dynasty, show that the supposed passive verbal form must be understood as the imperative of rḏı͗, “to place”, written in its archaizing or abbreviated non-suppletive form. This calls for a new analysis of the religious meaning of the formula, restoring agency to both the dedicant and his protective City God.
Die hieratische Stele MAA 1939.552 aus Amara West – ein neuer Feldzug gegen die Philister
Authors: Popko Lutz
Published: November 2016

Edition of stela MAA 1939.552, which was discovered in Amara West in 1938, but which was never properly published. The text is of a military nature and records a yet unknown land battle against the Philistines in the year 3 of a king whose name is lost. Whereas the stela was previously assigned to Ramses IV, a dating into the reign of Ramses III is proposed, thereby predating the beginning of the conflict with this group of the Sea Peoples by five years. Moreover, the text is partially incised in hieratic, which is unusual for royal war reports, and thus it provides further, exceptional evidence for lapidary hieratic.
The Memory Trace Supporting Lose-Shift Responding Decays Rapidly after Reward Omission and Is Distinct from Other Learning Mechanisms in Rats
Authors: Gruber Aaron J. , Thapa Rajat
Published: November 2016

The propensity of animals to shift choices immediately after unexpectedly poor reinforcement outcomes is a pervasive strategy across species and tasks. We report here that the memory supporting such lose-shift responding in rats rapidly decays during the intertrial interval and persists throughout training and testing on a binary choice task, despite being a suboptimal strategy. Lose-shift responding is not positively correlated with the prevalence and temporal dependence of win-stay responding, and it is inconsistent with predictions of reinforcement learning on the task. These data provide further evidence that win-stay and lose-shift are mediated by dissociated neural mechanisms and indicate that lose-shift responding presents a potential confound for the study of choice in the many operant choice tasks with short intertrial intervals. We propose that this immediate lose-shift responding is an intrinsic feature of the brain’s choice mechanisms that is engaged as a choice reflex and works in parallel with reinforcement learning and other control mechanisms to guide action selection.
Tratamiento con placa precontorneada bloqueada de fracturas desplazadas del tercio medio de la clavícula. [Precontoured locking plate treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures].
Authors: Paoletta Ruben Edilio , Mecozzi Gabriel Esteban , Bongiovanni Santiago Luis , Ranalletta Maximiliano , Maignón Gastón Daniel
Published: November 2016

Introducción

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados de un grupo de pacientes con fracturas medio diafisarias desplazadas de clavícula tratadas con placa premoldeada bloqueada. La tasa de consolidación ósea, los resultados funcionales y las complicaciones de la serie fueron analizados.

Material y métodos

Cuarenta y seis fracturas de clavícula desplazadas tipo 2-B de Edimburgo fueron tratadas con placa bloqueada premoldeada. Treinta y seis fueron varones (uno con fractura bilateral) y 9 mujeres. La edad promedio  fue de 33 años (rango 17-56 años). Los pacientes fueron evaluados con  radiología y  el  escore de Constant, el test rápido de dishabilidades del brazo, hombro y mano (Quick- Dash) y la escala visual análoga (EVA) para dolor. 

Resultados

El seguimiento promedio fue de 30 meses (rango 12 a 46). Cuarenta y cinco fracturas consolidaron y una no. El Constant promedio fue de 96 puntos (rango 56 a 100) y el Quick-Dash promedio de 2 puntos (rango 0 a 32). El dolor en el seguimiento fue de 0.3 puntos (rango 0 a 6).

Se registraron 10 complicaciones en 9 pacientes (21%), aunque solo tres (6.5%)  fueron consideradas mayores. En 7 pacientes (15%) se retiró la placa por intolerancia (uno de ellos fue el paciente con mala consolidación, registrándose como segunda complicación en el mismo paciente).

Conclusiones

La reducción y estabilización de las fracturas desplazadas del tercio medio de la clavícula con placas premoldeadas y bloqueadas es un tratamiento efectivo con un bajo índice de complicaciones mayores relacionadas a veces con errores técnicos. 
Os cuidados no fim da vida em perspectiva bioética: um olhar a partir da fé cristã
Authors: Menegatti Larissa Fernandes , Sanches Mário Antônio
Published: November 2016

Este artigo propõe refletir o tema sobre cuidados no fim da vida numa perspectiva bioética a partir da fé cristã. Esta contribuição teórica é corroborada pela experiência vivencial de João Paulo II, por meio de seu próprio testemunho nos últimos dias antes de sua morte. De fato, a morte provoca questionamentos profundos com relação à nossa existência marcada pela condição inegável de finitude. Essa realidade fatal é muitas vezes experimentada antes por um ambiente de dor e sofrimento de todas as ordens que nos aflige em nossas enfermidades, pois anuncia com sua chegada a proximidade de nossa partida deste mundo. E por mais que formemos profissionais de saúde focados em conteúdos com ênfase em conhecimentos biotecnológicos, se faz necessária a inserção nos conhecimentos integrados que englobem os referenciais bioéticos a fim de distinguir os processos terapêuticos realizados. Nesse paradigma, a bioética apresenta-se como critério ético nas escolhas relacionadas entre biotecnologia e saúde.
Sinais de uma caminhada ecumênica no catolicismo
Authors: Lourenço Vitor Hugo
Published: November 2016

O ecumenismo é a vocação primeira de todas as igrejas cristãs. Partindo dessa premissa, o presente artigo busca analisar, a partir do catolicismo, os sinais históricos de sua caminhada ecumênica mais recente. Para este propósito, tem-se como ponto de partida o Concílio Vaticano II, de modo particular o seu DecretoUnitatis Redintegratio (UR), visando compreender o que significa o ecumenismo, seus desdobramentos, implicações, avanços e retrocessos. Proporcionando um tempo de esperança e abertura na vida da Igreja Católica, o pontificado de Francisco tem se mostrado sensível ao diálogo ecumênico, mostrando e recuperando sinais de que o diálogo e o movimento ecumênico encontram novamente no catolicismo um solo fecundo para crescer e lançar novas sementes.
Arculat és udvariatlanság a társalgási interakciókban
Authors: Tóth Loretta
Published: November 2016

A mindennapi nyelvhasználatban számos olyan kifejezés használatos, amely az udvariatlanság valamilyen formájára vonatkozik. Ilyenek például a neveletlen, modortalan, arcátlan, goromba, tiszteletlen, illetlen szavaink, amelyekben – ha árnyalatnyi különbség van is köztük — az a közös, hogy mind valamilyen társas szempontból negatívnak minősített megnyilvánulást jelölnek. Az udvariatlan viselkedés azonban nemcsak a mondanivalónkban nyilvánulhat meg, hanem maga a közlésmód, a prozódia vagy a nem verbális kommunikáció is hordozhat olyan jelentéseket, amelyek a beszédpartnerben negatív hatást kelthetnek. Az elmúlt három évtized pragmatikai szakirodalmának jelentős hányada foglalkozik az udvarias nyelvi viselkedés mögött meghúzódó beszélői intenciók kérdéskörével (Brown és Levinson, 1978/1987; Lakoff, 1973; Leech, 1983, 2003; Matsumoto, 1988; Mills, 2011a, 2011b). Az eszményi társas helyzeteket központba helyező vizsgálatok azonban sokáig meglehetősen marginális szerepet osztottak az udvariatlanságnak, amelynek jelentősége korántsem másodlagos a társadalmi interakciók során (lásd pl. parlamenti felszólalások, bírósági tárgyalások, online fórumok, televíziós show-műsorok). A jelen tanulmány célja, hogy a kurrens szociopragmatikai szakirodalom alapján bemutassa a viszonylag új területnek számító udvariatlanságkutatás legfontosabb eredményeit. A dolgozat részletesen kitér az Erving Goffman (1955) által bevezetett — szociálpszichológiai megalapozottságú – arculat (face) fogalom pragmatikai relevanciájára, amely az udvariasság- és az udvariatlanságkutatásra egyaránt nagy hatást gyakorolt. Dolgozatomban ismertetem továbbá a Helen Spencer-Oatey (2002, 2005, 2007, 2008) által bevezetett kapcsolatkezelési modellt, amelyet a diskurzív szemléletmód hívei sikerrel használnak a komplex — tehát az udvariasságot és az udvariatlanságot egyaránt felölelő — interperszonális interakciók leírásához.
Reward and punishment sensitivity in women with gambling disorder or compulsive buying: Implications in treatment outcome
Authors: Mestre-Bach Gemma , Granero Roser , Steward Trevor , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Baño Marta , Aymamí Neus , Gómez-Peña Mónica , Agüera Zaida , Mallorquí-Bagué Núria , Moragas Laura , del Pino-Gutiérrez Amparo , Soriano-Mas Carles , Navas Juan Francisco , Perales José C. , Menchón José M. , Jiménez-Murcia Susana
Published: November 2016

Background and aims

Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory has been widely applied to different clinical populations, but few studies have reported empirical evidence based on this theory for treatment outcomes in patients with gambling disorder (GD) and compulsive buying (CB). The aims of this study were to explore the association between clinical variables and personality traits with reward and punishment sensitivity (RPS) levels in women (n = 88) who met diagnostic criteria for GD (n = 61) and CB (n = 27), and to determine the predictive capacity of RPS for primary short-term outcomes in a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention.

Methods

The CBT intervention consisted of 12 weekly sessions. Data on patients’ personality traits, RPS levels, psychopathology, sociodemographic factors, GD, and CB behavior were used in our analysis.

Results

High RPS levels were associated with higher psychopathology in both CB and GD, and were a risk factor for dropout in the CB group. In the GD group, higher reward sensitivity scores increased the risk of dropout.

Discussion and conclusions

Our findings suggest that both sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment independently condition patients’ response to treatment for behavioral addictions. The authors uphold that CBT interventions for such addictions could potentially be enhanced by taking RPS into consideration.
Astaxanthin: Senyawa Antioksidan Karoten Bersumber dari Biota Laut
Authors: Munifah Ifah , Wikanta Thamrin
Published: November 2016

Meskipun berbagai jenis antioksidan dalam makanan telah berkontribusi dalam pencegahan penyakit, namun sejumlah riset yang telah dilakukan lebih memfokuskan pada tiga jenis antioksidan yakni vitamin E, vitamin C dan karotenoid karena berperan penting sebagai nutrien yang diperlukan dalam metabolisme tubuh manusia.
Produk Oksidasi Kolesterol (Cholesterol Oxidation Product/OCP) pada Produk Perikanan
Authors: Riyanto Rudi
Published: November 2016

Kolesterol merupakan bahan dasar yang digunakan oleh kebanayakan organ penting untuk memproduksi senyawa tertentu termasuk hormon seks, adrenalin, asam empedu dan turunan vitamin D (Nettleton, 1987).
Peran Mutu Dalam Menunjang Ekspor Udang Nasional
Authors: Putro Sumpeno
Published: November 2016

Udang merupakan  komoditi  andalan  ekspor  dari  sektor  perikanan  Indonesia. Akan tetapi, volume ekspor udang  Indonesia dalam  beberapa  tahun  terakhir  ini  cenderung menurun. Hal  ini terutama disebabkan karena semakin ketatnya persyaratan impor yang diberlakukan oleh negara-negara maju,  khususnya  standar mutu  dan  sanitasi. Ekspor udang  ke Uni Eropa merosot dan dikenakan RAS  (Rapid Alert System)  karena dicurigai mengandung  residu  antibiotik  dan bakteri patogen. Ekspor udang ke Amerika Serikat, juga masih dikenakan automatic detention. Sementara itu, pada  tahun 2006 dan  2007  ekspor udang  ke  Jepang  dan Cina  juga ditolak  karena  dicurigai mengandung  residu  antibiotik. Oleh  karena  itu,  pengembangan  sistem  pembinaan mutu  dan sertifikasi secara terpadu dengan konsep from farm to table sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan akses pasar dalam menghadapi era globalisasi. Dalam kaitan  ini, pengembangan industri  udang budidaya  ke depan  sebaiknya  tidak  hanya berorientasi  kepada upaya peningkatan produksi,  tetapi  juga memperhatikan  aspek mutu  dan  keamanan  pangan  (food safety)  agar produk  yang  dihasilkan  layak  dan  aman  untuk  dikonsumsi  serta memenuhi  standar mutu  yang berlaku  di  pasar  internasional.
PENGURANGAN CEMARAN LOGAM BERAT PADA PERAIRAN DAN PRODUK PERIKANAN DENGAN METODE ADSORBSI
Authors: Siregar Tuti Hartati
Published: November 2016

Kandungan logam berat yang terdapat dalam jumlah yang kecil di perairan dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup, tetapi dalam jumlah besar dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah. Kehadiran industri berperan dalam meningkatkan cemaran logam berat. Berbagai cara telah dilakukan untuk mengurangi cemaran logam berat. Metode adsorbsi adalah cara yang banyak digunakan untuk mengurangi cemaran logam berat, karena aplikasinya yang cukup luas untuk berbagai jenis logam berat. Beberapa bahan alami yang ramah lingkungan seperti kitosan dan selulosa dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben. Baik kitosan maupun selulosa harus melewati tahap modifikasi untuk meningkatkan efektifitasnya sebelum digunakan sebagai adsorben.
PENANGANAN DAN DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK OLAHAN KERANG HIJAU
Authors: Murdinah Murdinah
Published: November 2016

Kerang hijau merupakan salah satu komoditas dari kelompok kekerangan (shellfish) yang sudah dikenal masyarakat, selain kerang darah (Anadara granosa),  kijing Taiwan (Anodonta sp), dan kerang bulu (Anadara inflata). Kerang hijau telah berhasil dibudidayakan dan dapat dipanen setelah 6–7 bulan. Potensi kerang hijau di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan tersebar di beberapa perairan di Indonesia. Kerang hijau mengandung protein sekitar 16,7–21,9%, kaya akan asam amino esensial (arginin, leusin, lisin) dan mengandung mineral kalsium, fosfat, yodium, tembaga. Kerang hijau mengandung daging sekitar 30% dari  bobot keseluruhan dan mempunyai nilai gizi yang tinggi, dengan demikian kerang hijau berpotensi sebagai sumber protein hewani yang relatif murah dibanding ikan. Penanganan terhadap kerang hijau agar aman dikonsumsi dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengurangan kandungan logam berat dengan perendaman dalam larutan kitosan 1,5% selama 3 jam dan teknik depurasi untuk menurunkan kandungan bakteri kerang hijau. Diversifikasi  produk olahan merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan konsumsi kerang hijau di masyarakat dalam rangka meningkatkan asupan protein dan meningkatkan pendayagunaan hasil perikanan untuk diolah menjadi produk baru sebagai makanan bernilai gizi tinggi, enak, murah, dan mudah didapat. Produk inovatif olahan kerang hijau diantaranya kamaboko, kerupuk,  kerang  rebus  dengan  pewarna  alami, hidrolisat protein, dan pasta condiment. Produk inovatif kerang hijau tersebut mempunyai peluang dikembangkan menjadi komoditi ekspor.
ZEASANTIN DARI MIKROALGA: BIOSINTESIS DAN PEMANFAATANNYA
Authors: Abidin Dispanstiani , Karwur Ferry
Published: November 2016

Karotenoid merupakan pigmen alami yang disintesis oleh semua organisme fotosintetik, serta sejumlah bakteri dan jamur non-fotosintetik. Ada dua pengelompokan karotenoid alami: (1) karoten, seperti â-karoten dan á-karoten, dan (2) santofil. Umumnya santofil seperti violasantin, antherasantin, zeasantin, neosantin, dan lutein diproduksi oleh tumbuhan tingkat tinggi, namun juga dapat disintesis oleh mikroalga hijau.  Zeasantin merupakan salah satu pigmen yang berperan penting  dalam  pencegahan  penyakit  degenerasi  makular  akibat  usia (AMD). Produksi zeasantin dapat  dilakukan oleh  beberapa mikroalga seperti Spirulina sp., Dunaliella salina, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Synechocystis, Microcystis aeruginosa, dan Porphyridium cruentum. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai biosintesis zeasantin serta pemanfaatannya.
Feasibility of metabolomic analysis in assessing coral reefs environments.
Authors: Januar Hedi Indra , Hendrarto Boedi , Chasanah Ekowati
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to explain the feasibility of fingerprint and chemical marker metabolomicanalysis in assessment of coral reefs environments. Based on literature review, both analysismight be implemented on coral reef environment assessment, with their specific strength andweakness. Fingerprint metabolomic is a comprehensive approach in assessing the condition ofcoral reefs bioindicator that is having environmental stresses. It require high technology chemicalinstrumentation and complicated statistical approach in post data analysis. On the other hand,chemical marker metabolomic is more simplified in data analysis and instrumentation, but notcomprehensively assess the metabolite changes of bioindicator that is having environmentalstresses. To apply as high throughput screening in coral reefs assessment, subjectively the chemicalmarker method would be more feasible. One of the potential chemical marker that used iscembranoids, a bioactive compound from soft corals.
SYNTHESIS OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL-CHITOSAN HYDROGEL AND STUDY OF ITS SWELLING AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Wikanta Thamrin , Erizal Mr , Tjahyono Mr , Sugiyono Mr
Published: November 2016

The aim of this research was to synthesize a hydrogel for wound dressing by mixing of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CTS) and processed by combination technique of freezing-thawing and irradiation by gamma ray, and to study of its properties. PVA aqueous solution 10% (w/v) was mixed with 2% (w/v) chitosan (CTS) solution and homogenized. The PVA-CTS mixture was processed by freezing-thawing up to 3 cycles, and then irradiated by gamma rays at the doseranged of 20-50 kGy  (dose rate was 10 kGy/hour). Result showed that PVA-CTS hydrogel with the gel fraction of 83%, 87%, 90%, and 83% were obtained at the irradiation dose of 20 kGy, 30 kGy, 40 kGy, and 50 kGy, respectively. Increasing of irradiation dose caused increasing of water absorption of hydrogel, i.e. 1.700 %, 1.715 %, 1.913 %, and 2.036 %, respectively, and the hydrogel reached the equilibrium in 25 hours. The hydrogel showed very slow water evaporation rate (~ 2%) at the initial time (1 hour) and then increased very fast (up ~50 %) at 24 h, i.e. 43%, 39.13%, 44%, and 53%, respectively. The elongation at break of hydrogels were obtained 245%, 322%, 322%, and 205% with the maximum value were obtained at irradiation dose ranged of 30-40 kGy. The presence of chitosan in the PVA hydrogel made it having higher antibacterial properties with the inhibitionzone value of 8 mm at irradiation dose of 30-40 kGy compared to PVA hydrogel as a negative control (6 mm) and to chloramphenicol as a positive control (8 mm).