bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimension Compatibility for Commercial Vehicle Wheels to Air Disc Brake Calipers - Truck and Bus
Authors:   Truck and Bus Wheel Committee
Published: June 2020

This SAE Recommended Practice defines the boundary line for establishing dimensional compatibility between air disc brake calipers and 22.5 x 8.25 inch disc wheels, including bent valve stems on steel wheels and manufacturer recommended valve stems on aluminum wheels. The line establishes the minimum wheel with valve stem envelope to allow interchangeability. The line does not accommodate customer-specific wheels (such as OEM-specific stylized wheels) or customer-specific brakes.

This document addresses dimensional characteristics only and makes no reference to the performance, operational dynamic deflections or heat dissipation of the system. It is up to the system integrator to ensure sufficient clearance exists between the caliper, wheel and valve stem to provide safe operating conditions. Mounting systems as noted are referenced in SAE J694.
Coagulase negative staphylococci in Anti-Cancer Center, Batna, Algeria: antibiotic resistance pattern, biofilm formation, and detection of mecA and icaAD genes
Authors: Zatout A. , Djibaoui R. , Kassah-Laouar A. , Benbrahim C.
Published: June 2020

No Abstract.
The influence of brand equity on consumer responses toward Cho Gao dragon fruits brand
Authors: Khoa Tran Tien , Phuong Nguyen Van , Thi Trinh Vu Anh , Nguyet Nguyen Thi Minh , Dien Tran Van , Huynh Do Thi Sa
Published: June 2020

This thesis study wants to implement a model test for better understandings of brand equity and consumer responses toward Cho Gao Dragon Fruit brand. With the rapid growth of agriculture, including domestic consumption and export of the dragon fruits, it is crucial to differentiate the Cho Gao Dragon Fruits to other competitors in both domestic and foreign markets. Using Structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data of 274 questionnaires to investigate the effects of brand equity and its dimensions on consumer responses. The results show that brand equity dimensions such as brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality are interrelated and those dimensions have a direct and significant effect on brand equity, except brand awareness. The results support the assumption that brand equity has a positive relationship with consumer responses. The findings shed light on the current issues of the market for dragon fruits, which enables us to provide some suggestions for the Government to facilitate farmers and traders in building brand names, marketers for doing marketing activities, and students to know about brand equity of agricultural product such as dragon fruits.
Motivations for attracting customers and their intention to participate in tourism events in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Anh Trinh Thuy , Thang Tran Kiem Viet
Published: June 2020

The study examines the impact of factors influencing customers’ intention to attend a tourism event, by considering the motivation to attract customers to such an event. The authors collected 230 interview samples from different subjects, then conducted a quantitative method through factor, correlation, and regression analysis. The results show that the motivation to attract customers to tourism events has a great influence on their participating intention. In particular, factors affecting the motivation to take part in the event include influence group, communications, convenience, and content. The analysis results give several suggestions for event organizers to be able to gain more customer engagement.
Green construction performance – A study on stakeholders’ perceptions
Authors: Xuan Le Thi Thanh , Thu Nguyen Thanh Hoai
Published: June 2020

This study is conducted to explore stakeholders’ understanding of the performance of green-certified factories in the South of Vietnam. The study, based on the LEED Rating system, employs a qualitative approach to address objectives and in-depth interviews with 43 respondents including employees, managers, and buyers of green factories to collect data. The categories taken from LEED such as Water Efficiency, Indoor environmental quality, Energy & atmosphere, Resources & materials, Sustainable sites are used as the main analytical basis. To tackle the research objective, the study aims (1) to explore stakeholders’ awareness of green factories’ performance, and (2) to propose recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of green factories. The research findings show that, in general, stakeholders are satisfied with the performance of green factories. Nevertheless, there are some differences in the awareness of stakeholders working in small and large size green factories in a comparison with LEED. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to enhance the performance of green factories.
Institutional Governance and Its Role in Reducing Financial and Administrative Corruption in Islamic Banks Operating in The City of Hebron
Authors: Abueid Raed , Shawar Alaa , Khmaisah Ayat
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to identify the institutional governance and its role in reducing financial and administrative corruption in Islamic banks operating in the city of Hebron, and a questionnaire has been built to answer the study questions, as it was distributed to all workers in Islamic banks operating in the city of Hebron. The study concluded that Corporate governance has a major role in reducing financial and administrative corruption in Islamic banks operating in the city of Hebron, due to the Board’s enjoyment of competence, competence, independence, and integrity, as well as because Islamic banks maintain independent, impartial and effective auditing systems that achieve compliance with what Enhanced disclosure and transparency. The study recommended that the standards of corporate governance be strengthened in reducing financial and administrative corruption by activating the role of oversight within banks through seminars and training necessary to qualify employees in banks, and that banks support independent, fair and effective auditing systems to achieve compliance during the performance of activities Banking.
New Opportunities For Research Publication
Authors: McGinnis Ronald
Published: June 2020

Just as the Internet is transforming traditional teaching models in medical education, it also is changing the publication model for scholarly work as evidenced by the growth in open access journals no longer tied to the volume/issue cycles of traditional printing. Medical schools around the world are adopting this concept to facilitate publication resulting from early research involvement of students and the transition to academic medicine of residents and fellows.
The Quantitative Minor Injury Scale: Pilot Study of a Scale to Measure Level of Minor Injury after Motor Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Brickman Kristopher A. , Blair Alex B. , Tamburrino Marijo B. , Dzurik Alexander D. , Xie Hong , Smirnoff Jennifer B. , Wang Xin
Published: June 2020

Study objective: Severity of physical injury after motor vehicle collisions (MVC) may associate with survivors’ mental health; however the quantitative relationship is poorly understood. This is partly because existing injury scales are only sensitive in the potentially fatal range, while most MVC injuries are minor. To quantitatively describe a minor injury, a Quantitative Minor Injury Scale (QMIS) was developed based on injury symptoms, medication, imaging examination, age and hospital stay. Methods: We developed the QMIS after analyzing existing injury and trauma scales coupled with input from Emergency physicians. We recruited 32 MVC survivors with minor injury (rated 1-2 on Abbreviated Injury Scale) who visited the emergency department (ED) within 48 hours of the accident. Depression symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) within 3 weeks of the trauma and their injuries were quantified with the QMIS. Results: Application of the QMIS in the MVC survivors produced a gradient from 0.6 to 7.8 with an average of 2.65. A significant correlation (R=0.366; p=0.039; n=32) was found with the QMIS score and depression symptoms as measured by the CES-D. Conclusion: Results suggest the QMIS creates differentiation among a population of minor injury patients and may be useful in examining the relationship between minor injury and psychological conditions. The further development of QMIS may generalize the usage of this scale to minor injuries caused by other types of trauma.
Iontophoresis: as a new treatment modality in the management of acute soft tissue injuries in the emergency department
Authors: Brickman Kristopher A , Zaciewski Tomas G , Bahl Rajiv , Fink Brian N , Gibbons Maureen P , Sidani Ramzi S , Audino Anthony N , Ryno Joseph J , Adams Daniel Z , Wellock Austin R
Published: June 2020

Background: Iontophoresis utilizes a transcutaneous process to deliver charged medication to a localized area of injury via an electrical current to remedy pain symptoms. Although this practice is largely used in the physical and occupational therapy settings, there is little evidence showing its use and efficacy in the emergency department as a therapeutic modality. Methods: Through the voluntary enrollment of 39-participants, 21 in the treatment group and 18 serving as controls, subjects were treated via iontophoresis using lidocaine-HCl and dexamethasone or oral NSAID therapy alone. Measurements of pain were numerated in person on the visual-analogue scale (VAS) using a 0-10 range immediately prior to treatment, 30 minutes after treatment, and via phone at 24 and 72-hours after treatment for both groups. Results: At the initiation of treatment, average pain scores for the treatment and control groups were 7.29 and 6.50, respectively. Greater reduction in pain was seen in the iontophoresis group compared to the control group; 62% pain reduction in the iontophoresis group and only 8% reduction in the control group at 30-minutes post-treatment (p<0.001). Similar results were seen at 24 and 72-hours with reductions of 71% and 73% in the experimental group at the respective times versus 18% and 40% reduction in the control group. Further, participants in the control group consumed over 4-times as many oral NSAIDs 24-hours after visiting the emergency department and almost 5-times more oral NSAIDs at 72-hours. At 24-hours the treatment group utilized, on average, less than 1-tablet while the control group had used over 3. At 72-hours, the control group averaged over 6-tablets compared to the less than 2-tablets, on average, for the treatment group. Conclusions: These results are promising in using iontophoresis as an effective treatment modality in the management of acute soft tissue injuries in the emergency department. They not only show greater pain reduction, but iontophoresis reduced the number of oral NSAIDs required for pain relief, lowering the complications associated with these medications.
Vim stimulation as a predictor of response to deep brain stimulation in patients of severe tremor undergoing dual stimulation
Authors: Menezes Krishe , Deogaonkar Milind , Bajpai Vatsal
Published: June 2020

Deep brain stimulation, targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim), has been shown to be an effective management tool for tremors refractory to other therapies. There is some variance in response to Vim stimulation for severe essential and rubral tremors. This study looked at dual stimulations (addition, in which the Vim is stimulated along with an additional nucleus or augmentation, in which a second lead is placed within the Vim itself) for these types of tremors. A total of eight patients, four with rubral and four with severe essential tremors, were treated with deep brain stimulation. The responses of the patients were characterized on a scale from excellent improvement to worsening of condition. Two of the four patients with rubral tremor had an excellent response to Vim stimulation. These patients showed additional benefits when the prelemniscal radiation (Raprl) was stimulated, in addition to the Vim. Three of the four patients with severe essential tremor reported either a good or excellent response to Vim stimulation. One of these patients had the Raprl stimulated in addition to the Vim while another had an augmentation of the Vim, with ventralis oralis posterior (Vop) stimulation. Both showed additional benefits with the addition or augmentation performed. We conclude that if a patient with severe medically refractory tremor (essential or rubral tremor) responds to Vim stimulation but is still disabled he will likely also have a response to dual stimulation with an additional lead in the Raprl or an augmentation with an additional lead in the Vop. Patients who did not initially respond to Vim stimulation did not respond to the placement of a second lead. We also conclude that for severe essential tremor, Raprl stimulation showed a better response than Vim stimulation.
Survey of health care student attitudes towards transgender health care education
Authors: Shukla Vipul , Asp Alex , Saltzman Barbara , Duggan Joan
Published: June 2020

Background: This study assessed health care trainees perceptions of their education regarding transgender health care issues and personal and professional comfort level with the provision of transgender health care. An online 20 question survey (2013) about trainee experience and education on transgender health care was administered to medical (MD), nurse practitioner (NP), and physician assistant (PA) students at a single institution. Methods: The survey instrument consisted of seven demographic questions and 13 non-demographic questions about education in transgender health, hours of education received, and personal and professional comfort with transgender medical care. Non-demographic questions were written as even-point Likert scale questions with four rating options (very comfortable, somewhat comfortable, somewhat uncomfortable, and very uncomfortable). Results: A total of 484 MD, NP, and PA students responded to the online survey out of 1,035 eligible students (47% response rate). Only 74 (15%) respondents had provided medical care to a transgender patient. Provision of medical care to a transgender patient was associated with increased hours of education on transgender health issues (P<0.001). The majority of MD, NP and PA students (n= 374/ 77%) were personally comfortable or very comfortable with providing medical care to transgender patients.   Conclusions: MD, NP, and PA students are personally comfortable with transgender patients but the vast majority do not come into contact with this patient population during their preclinical or clinical years. Increased student contact with transgender patients is associated with increased educational hours on transgender health care issues and is needed to provide the fullest educational experience for trainees in this area.
Bladder Wall Calcification Following Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor and Intravesical Mitomycin C Instillation
Authors: Perz Sarah K. , Tenbrink Patrick M , Haselhuhn Gregory H.
Published: June 2020

In rarely reported instances, the use of intravesical mitomycin C appears to have caused bladder wall calcification. We report two patients treated for non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with transurethral resection and mitomycin c instillation. Both of these patients experienced new onset of severe irritative voiding symptoms shortly thereafter. Although one patient com- pleted a six-cycle course of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the other only received one instillation due to symptom severity. On cystoscopy the resection beds appeared calcified and necrotic. Biopsies revealed dystrophic calcification and necrosis without evidence of tumor. Resection of this area led to complete resolu- tion of symptoms and normal healing of the resection site. Our results are consistent with the current hypothesis that these cal- cifications are not related to recurrence or persistence of tumor. Although there have not been reported cases of these calcifica- tions signifying recurrence of tumor, it is important for clinicians to rule out recurrence as a cause for these symptoms. Resection of the area has the added benefit of alleviation of irritative void- ing symptoms encountered shortly after mitomycin c instillation.
Chronic Uterine Dehiscence Secondary to Genitourinary Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Roberts Kasey , Buchenroth Britta , Novi Joseph
Published: June 2020

Background: Genitourinary tuberculosis (GU TB) most commonly presents as infertility, pelvic pain, or menstrual irregularities in patients from countries where the disease continues to be endemic. Case: A 27 year-old G1P1001 from western Asia presented to our institution’s urogynecology office for management of pelvic pain secondary to known uterine dehiscence. The patient underwent a laparotomy for repair of the dehiscence. During the procedure she was noted to have a large, white mass within the uterine dehiscence that was later determined to likely be GU TB. The patient was referred to the Health Department where she received one year of anti-TB treatment. Conclusion: GU TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uterine dehiscence in patients from countries where the disease remains endemic.
The Importance of Following ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guidelines 2013 by Residents’ Physicians to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Different Populations Gheith Yousif, MD/MBChB, Kevin Phelps, DO., Robert Gotfried, DO. University of Toledo/Family Medicine Department
Authors: Yousif Gheith , Phelps Kevin , Gotfried Robert
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: The 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) cholesterol protocols recommend the use of Pooled Cohort Equations to estimate 10-year and life time Atherosclerotic cardio-vascular disease (ASCVD) risk as a guide for primary prevention treatment options. Many providers underutilize this important tool.OBJECTIVES: To observe resident physicians’ HMG COA inhibitor (statins) prescribing pattern, with particular attention to appropriate dosing as per 2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guidelines, at the University of Toledo Family Medicine Residency Program and to increase Resident Physicians’ awareness of the ASCVD risk calculator as a tool to improve appropriate statin dosing.METHODS: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectioned chart review was performed to analyze pre-existing data collected from a patient population within a defined time period. The study included 237 patient charts, who received care from among 12 Family Medicine Residents.RESULTS: The success rate for correct statins prescriptions for first year residents was 63%, including 24 correct dose prescriptions out of 38 patients total. Second year residents’ success rate increased to 73%, representing 58 correct dose prescriptions out of 80 patients total. Third year residents success rate was 63% with 75 correct dose prescriptions out of 119 patients total.CONCLUSION: Out of 237 chart reviewed, 157 patients received appropriately dosed statin prescriptions, representing a success rate of 66%. This suggests that across all levels of resident training, there is room of improvement in the utilization of the 2013 ACC/AHA lipid lowering guidelines.
Management of Ureters Involved in Inguinal Hernias
Authors: Perz Sarah , Suttle Timothy , Sindhwani Puneet
Published: June 2020

Background: The presence of a ureter in a hernia sac presents a unique surgical challenge and can increase the likelihood of ureteral injury at the time of surgery as they are often not identified pre-operatively. Here we present our institutional experience and thorough systematic review in order to provide guidance on the urologist’s role in this situation.Materials and Methods: A PubMed and Medline search was conducted to identify relevant literature published in the year 2000 or later. Case reports and case series in the English language were included using terms “ureter and hernia”, “herniated ureter”, “ureteral hernia”, inguinal hernia and ureter”.Results: The presence of a ureter in an inguinal hernia sac is an uncommon finding. When present, many are not identified pre-operatively, which places the patient at risk for ureteral injury during herniorrhaphy.Patients with ureters contained in their inguinal hernias, that were identified pre-operatively or intra-operatively and not injured, recovered well. Post-operative imaging, when performed, showed stabilization or improvement of hydronephrosis and a more normal course of the ureter. One case reported the identification of ureteral involvement post-operatively after injury, which resulted in worsened renal function and required a re-operation.Conclusions:The presence of a ureter in an inguinal hernia can be differently managed. The primary goal should be avoidance of injury intra-operatively.
Functional Castration from Blunt-force Trauma to Motorcycle Gas Tank from a Car-versus-motorcycle MVA
Authors: Garcher Damian
Published: June 2020

We present a case of bilateral testicular rupture with significant extrusion and seminiferous tubule loss in an otherwise healthy 26-year-old male as the result of a car-versus-motorcycle accident. The patient was the lone driver of a motorcycle that was T-boned, resulting in significant scrotal trauma necessitating operative intervention. Because of this, he developed subsequent severe hypogonadism, which improved with exogenous testosterone administration. We undertook a literature review, which revealed that blunt trauma is an extremely uncommon cause of acquired hypogonadism.
Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Bladder
Authors: Salari, MD Bijan , Rospert Daniel , Boyle, MD Emmett , Sindhwani, MD Puneet , Emmert, MD Gregor
Published: June 2020

Metastatic breast cancer to the bladder is extraordinarily rare, with only 66 cases reported in the literature to date. Occasionally, metastatic breast cancer can first present itself with obstructive uropathy from a proposed retroperitoneal spread. We present a case of in which a 77 year old Caucasian female was found to have acute urinary obstruction from metastatic breast cancer to the bladder. Her breast biopsy came back invasive carcinoma with lobular features (Estrogen Receptor negative, Progesterone Receptor negative, and HER2 negative). She has symptoms of spontaneous urinary incontinence, but no gross hematuria. She had elevated Chromogranin A, Cancer Antigen (CA) 19-9, and CEA. She had a bladder biopsy which demonstrated metastatic breast carcinoma that stained GATA3, GCDFP15, BerEp4 positive and CK20 negative. 0% of tumor cells were positive for PD-L1 expression. The patient had renal deterioration despite bilateral ureteral stent placement, and thus required percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement. She died 4 months after her initial diagnosis.
Medical Clearance Prior to Psychiatric Evaluation in a Tertiary Pediatric Emergency Department: Value and Cost Analysis
Authors: Redfern Roberta , Brown Megan , Izsak Eugene
Published: June 2020

Background: Medical clearance in the emergency department for patients undergoing psychiatric evaluation is often required prior to admission to rule out organic cause and because many psychiatric facilities are unable to treat medical conditions. This may be low yield in pediatric populations as the likelihood of disease requiring intervention is low in this setting.

Objectives: To determine whether routine laboratory testing in an urban, tertiary pediatric hospital emergency center impacted the overall management of patients presenting with chief complaints requiring psychiatric evaluation.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all psychiatric admissions over a one year period at a large urban tertiary pediatric hospital. Laboratory test results were compared with history and physical notes to determine whether abnormal results could have been anticipated based on patient report. Additional medical interventions required and overall impact on management was recorded. Cost analysis was based on public reimbursement rates, considering tests without impact on intervention to be unnecessary.

Results Overall, 1824 tests laboratory tests were performed in 289 patients admitted for psychiatric treatment. There were 161 abnormal results (8.8%), most of which could be anticipated by the medical history. No abnormal result laboratory result led to a change in management for any patient. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for patient-reported drug use compared to urine drug screen results were high, both over 90%.

Conclusions Medical clearance in this population is low yield; most abnormal results can be anticipated by patient report or do not require any clinical intervention. The cost of these unnecessary tests was over $500,000.
Kidney Transplant Recipient with Conversion Disorder Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Beeson Rachel , Stefanopoulos Stavros , Daniel Rapport  , Jorge Ortiz
Published: June 2020

We describe the case of a patient with refractory post-operative conversion disorder successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with good clinical outcome. A 66-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency department (ED) with altered mental status and was nonverbal three days after undergoing an uncomplicated incisional hernia repair. He had a past medical history of major depression with psychotic features and generalized anxiety disorder as well as a kidney transplant. He had multiple previous psychiatric hospitalizations in the 1980s for severe depression with suicidality treated successfully with ECT. The patient was admitted, and a diagnosis of conversion disorder was made. His condition deteriorated over 21 days of inpatient management and he failed to respond to methylphenidate, aripiprazole, haloperidol, and lorazepam. Bilateral ECT treatment was initiated and the patient demonstrated a dramatic functional improvement after the first treatment. He was discharged home after receiving 6 total treatments and continued outpatient treatments with good clinical outcome. ECT may be considered in patients with refractory conversion disorder with a previous history of successful treatment.
Specific inhibitors of urokinase plasminogen activator for treatment of cancers; In silico approach
Authors: Talbot Benjamin , Jankun Jerzy
Published: June 2020

Invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis are fundamental processes in the development of solid cancers. All these depend on the proteolysis where plasminogen activation system (PAS) is the prominent component. Plasmin of PAS, with a broad spectrum of proteins lysed, is secreted as a pro-enzyme and then activated by urokinase (uPA) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Urokinase is in control of pericellular proteolysis while tPA mediates intravascular fibrinolysis. The most effective way to reduce excessive activity of plasmin in cancers is by inactivation of its activators (PAs). Inhibition of PAs reduces tumor size of cancers in vivo. However, for successful targeted anticancer therapy it is essential to find specific uPA inhibitors and to protect normal function of tPA. Unfortunately, most known inhibitors are unspecific, acting on both PAs. PAs are highly homologous enzymes with extreme similarities in their active sites so large numbers of chemicals need to be tested to find novel specific uPA inhibitors. Methods: As the availability of 3D protein structures determined experimentally by X-ray crystallography is growing, computational methods are ever more used in targeted drug discovery. AutoDock Vina molecular docking, exploring binding of small molecules to target protein using a Monte Carlo technique and scoring function, is gaining popularity due to its excellent prediction accuracy. Results: Using AutoDock we have found many inhibitors of PA from our 3D database of 6170 compounds which bind in silico to X-ray structures of the specificity pocket (B187-B197, B212-B229) of both PAs preventing activation of plasminogen. However we were successful in identifying a few molecules which are specific for uPA. For example: both amiloride and chrysin bind to the specificity pocket of uPA but not to tPA. We have found that they bind to other parts of tPA, distant from the specificity pocket, thus preserving the tPA enzymatic activity while being effective toward uPA. Conclusion: In silico search yield specific inhibitors of uPA which, when verified for safety and efficiency by in vivo testing, could be used as novel therapeutics to limit metastasis and angiogenesis in anticancer therapy.
COVID-19 pandemic; transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitors as potential drugs.
Authors: Jankun Jerzy
Published: June 2020

Ongoing search for treatment to ease COVID-19 pandemic concentrate on development of a vaccine or medication to prevent and treat this disease. One of the possibilities is developing new antiviral drugs that are aiming at both a virus replication or the host factor(s) that are critical to virus’s replication. Serine proteases, which activate the viral spike glycoproteins and facilitate virus-cell membrane fusions for host cell entry, its replication and spread, are proposed as the potential targets for antiviral drug design. Existing literature is already providing evidence that transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is one of the promising targets. When inhibited it can slow or stop replication of viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). One of the convincing evidences of the critical role of TMPRSS2 in the coronavirus’s replication was provided by animal study. The replication of influenza viruses was inhibited in TMPRSS2(-/-) knockout mice in comparison to wild type (WT) mice, which developed high mortality rate. Existing inhibitors of TMPRSS2 can be divided into two groups. The first include drugs already approved by FDA or other organizations for treatment of different diseases. That include: Camostat (from Japan, produced by Ono Pharmaceutical), aprotinin (Trasylol, produced by Nordic Group Pharmaceuticals) and rimantadine (Flumadine, produced by Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Existing in vitro, in vivo and some limited human studies show that this type of drugs limit reproduction of coronaviruses and/or prevented the development of viral pneumonia. One study indicated that combined treatment by aprotinin and rimantadine prevented the development of fatal hemorrhagic viral pneumonia, and protected about 75% animals, when the separate administration of aprotinin or rimantadine induced less protection. The second group includes potential drugs not approved for the human use yet. That include plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and recently developed small molecular inhibitors. PAI-1 is a serine protease inhibitor that regulates physiological breakdown of blood clots by inhibiting of tissue (tPA) and urokinase (uPA) plasminogen activators. But PAI-1 is also an effective inhibitor of various membrane-anchored serine proteases including TMPRSS2. It was reported that PAI-1 inhibited trypsin- and TMPRSS2-mediated cleavage of hemagglutinin and suppressed influenza virus in animals. PAI-1 is human in origin and engineered forms with extended half-life were developed and could be an attractive addition to the existing TMPRSS2 inhibitors. And finally, derivatives of sulfonylated 3-amindinophenylalanylamide were found to inhibit TMPRSS2 with a high affinity and efficiently block the influenza virus propagation in human cells. This paper is intended to provide review on possible or hypothetical beneficial effects of (TMPRSS2) inhibitors as one of options to fight infection with Covid-19.
Rivayetlerde Kadını Dövme Meselesi
Authors: AKYILDIZ Nurefşan
Published: June 2020

İslam’da kadın-erkek ilişkilerinde önemli tartışma konularından biri de kadına fiziksel şiddet uygulanabileceği iddiasıdır. Şiddetin dinî kültürden kaynaklandığı düşüncesi gerçeği yansıtmamaktadır. Şiddet uygulayan kişilerin kendilerini haklı çıkarabilmek adına ortaya pek çok delili ileri sürdükleri görülür. Fakat yaptıkları bu eylemlerin hiçbir sağlam dayanağı yoktur. Bunu Kur’an ve Sünnetteki dayanaklarla ortaya koymak gerekir. Bu eylemi yapanların Kur’an-ı Kerim’de ve sünnette kendilerine gerekçe olarak gösterebileceği bir delil yoktur. Kanaatimize göre bu husus Kur’an’da yer alan ayetin yanlış yorumlanması ve Hz. Peygamber’den bu konuda nakledilen hadislerin delaletlerinin yanlış anlaşılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.Allah Resulü’nün kadına karşı tutumu bilinen bir husustur. Hz. Peygamber, bir erkeğin hayatını paylaştığı eşine karşı merhamet ve şefkatle davranmasını oldukça önemseyerek, hanımlarına karşı iyi davrananların en hayırlı kimseler olduğunu belirtmiştir.Günümüzde yaşanan olaylardan yola çıkarak, kadınlara karşı aşağılayıcı ve baskıcı zihniyete sahip olan insanların uyguladığı davranışlarını Kur’an’ın özüne ve Hz. Peygamber’in uygulamalarına uygun olmadığı düşünmekteyiz. Çeşitli bahanelerle kadına karşı gösterilen şiddet ve benzeri hal ve hareketler Hz. Peygamber’in bu konudaki uygulamaları ile tezat teşkil etmektedir.
Ergen ve Genç Sığınmacıların “Türkiye” Algısı
Authors: COŞKUN Kemal , ERMİŞ Ali
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmada, yakın tarihte Türkiye’ye yapılan ve olağan üstü şekilde artış gösteren göçler ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki sığınmacıların zihinlerinde oluşmuş Türk imajını ve Türkiye algısını ölçmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Ankara ili Mamak ve Altındağ ilçelerinde yaşayan, 14-27 yaş arası 156 sığınmacı ergen ve genç oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada verileri toplamak için Survey (anket) metodu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için betimsel analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların büyük kısmını Irak ve Suriyeli gençler oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu, 2010 yılı itibariyle Arap dünyasında yaşanan ve “Arap Baharı” olarak adlandırılan halk hareketleri sonrasında Türkiye’ye göç etmişlerdir. Çalışma sonuçları göstermiştir ki, sığınmacıların % 86,9’u Türkiye dışında bir ülkeye göç etmek istememektedir. Ayrıca sığınmacılar Türkleri en çok çalışkan ve dindar olarak değerlendirmiştir. Genellikle sığınmacılar, Türkiye üzerine olumlu metaforlar üretmişlerdir. Olumsuz metaforlar çoğunlukla Iraklı sığınmacılar tarafından üretilmiştir.
Kuzey Afganistan'da Aile ve Din İlişkisi (Cüzcan Örneği)
Authors: KOSHAN Aminullah , GÜNGÖR Özcan
Published: June 2020

Alan araştırması tekniğiyle hazırlanan bu çalışmada, Kuzey Afganistan'da Cüzcan halkının aile ve din ilişkisine yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Anket tekniği ile elde edilen veriler çeşitli bağımsız değişkenler esas alınarak değerlendirilmeye ve yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak "Aile içi ilişkilere yönelik tutum ölçeği" ve "Din, gelenek ve evliliğe yönelik tutum ölçeği" şeklinde anket formu uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, Cüzcan halkının aile ve din ilişkisine yönelik tutum düzeylerinin, "Cinsiyet, medeni durum, yerleşim birimi olarak yaşadığı yer, dindarlık bakımından kendilerini hangi grupta görmeleri, gelir durumu ve yaş gurupları" olan bağımsız değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Afganistan’ın Kuzeyinde olan Cüzcan ilinin aile ve din ilişkisi hakkında anket ve mülakatlardan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Cüzcan ilinin aile yapısı ve din anlayışına etki eden faktörleri, incelenerek toplanan veriler analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kuzey Afganistan'da Cüzcan İl merkezi başta olmak üzere ilçeler ve bazı köylerde yaşayan bireylerden 300 kişi ile anket ve 50 kişi ile yapılan mülakattan elde edilen bulgular belirtilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.
Din Çalışmalarında Antropoloji
Authors: TUNÇ İsmet
Published: June 2020

Antropoloji, erken dönemlerden itibaren insana ve çevresine dair bilgilerin toplandığı, günümüze kadar da bu faaliyetlerin devam edildiği çok alanlı bir disiplindir. Geniş bir kapsama sahip olan antropolojinin önemli çalışma alanlarından biri de din konusudur. Antropolojide din, çok farklı bakış açılarıyla ele alınan ve hakkında çok fazla konuşulan kavramların başında gelir. Antropolojide çok fazla ilgi gören bir alan olarak dinin kültürel boyutuna odaklanılan bu çalışmada, din hakkındaki farklı söylemlerin bir araya getirilmesi ve antropolojinin dine olan yaklaşımının sınırlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca din hakkında yapılan değerlendirmelerde dinin “kültürel evrensel” boyutuna dikkat çekilmiş, dinin anlaşılmasında teosentrik bakış açısının yeterli olup olmayacağı meselesi de irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda antropolojinin dine bakışı ve onu ele almadaki önceliği vurgulanarak, din olgusuna farklı çerçevelerden açıklama yapan bilim insanlarının görüşleri ele alınmış, antropolojik açıdan dine ve dinsel olgulara bakış açısının belirlenmesi için bazı değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Side Resistance of Drilled Shafts Socketed into Rocks for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States
Authors: Chen Yit-Jin , Cheng-Chieh Hsiao  , Anjerick Topacio
Published: June 2020

This study evaluates the analysis models of side resistance in rock sections by utilizing a wide variety of load test data. Available analytical models including the empirical adhesion factor versus the rock’s uniaxial compressive strength and its root are analyzed and compared statistically to determine the optimum relationships. The interpretation criteria for the L1 and L2 methods are used to analyze the load test results for serviceability and ultimate limit states, respectively. The analysis results show that the relationship model with the empirical adhesion factor versus the root of the rock’s uniaxial compressive strength exhibits better correlation than the one with the rock’s uniaxial compressive strength. Moreover, the general coordinate axes regression equation demonstrates better reliability than the semi-logarithmic and full logarithmic axes equations for both limit states. Based on these analyses, specific design recommendations for the side resistance of drilled shafts socketed into rocks are developed and provided with the appropriate statistics to verify their reliability.
Evaluation of Pan-Sharpening Techniques Using Lagrange Optimization
Authors: Bidyarani Devi Mutum , Rajagopalan Devanathan
Published: June 2020

Earth’s observation satellites, such as IKONOS, provide simultaneously multispectral and panchromatic images. A multispectral image comes with a lower spatial and higher spectral resolution in contrast to a panchromatic image which usually has a high spatial and a low spectral resolution. Pan-sharpening represents a fusion of these two complementary images to provide an output image that has both spatial and spectral high resolutions. The objective of this paper is to propose a new method of pan-sharpening based on pixel-level image manipulation and to compare it with several state-of-art pansharpening methods using different evaluation criteria.  The paper presents an image fusion method based on pixel-level optimization using the Lagrange multiplier. Two cases are discussed: (a) the maximization of spectral consistency and (b) the minimization of the variance difference between the original data and the computed data. The paper compares the results of the proposed method with several state-of-the-art pan-sharpening methods. The performance of the pan-sharpening methods is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using evaluation criteria, such as the Chi-square test, RMSE, SNR, SD, ERGAS, and RASE. Overall, the proposed method is shown to outperform all the existing methods.
Socialismo y anarquismo en la formación de la clase obrera en Argentina: problemas historiográficos y apuntes metodológicos
Authors: Poy Lucas
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo planteamos una mirada de conjunto a la historiografía existente sobre los orígenes del movimiento obrero y la izquierda en la Argentina. En particular se analiza el modo en el que se planteó el vínculo entre la historia de los trabajadores y la historia de la izquierda. A partir de estas consideraciones proponemos una serie de planteamientos metodológicos sobre lo que creemos un modo enriquecedor de abordar el estudio del desarrollo de las primeras corrientes políticas de izquierda al calor del proceso de estructuración de la clase obrera en Argentina en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX.
Karl Marx sobre la dictadura del proletariado y la revolución en permanencia. Dos documentos de 1850
Authors: Quiroga Manuel , Gaido Daniel
Published: June 2020

Los primeros usos documentados por parte de Marx de la expresión “dictadura del proletariado” (una consigna no incluida en el Manifiesto comunista) corresponden al año 1850 y son los siguientes:

• Karl Marx, “Las luchas de clases en Francia, 1848-1850” (enero-marzo 1850).

• Règlement de la Société Universelle des Communistes Révolutionnaires (abril 1850).

• Declaración a la Neue Deutsche Zeitung nº 158 (25 de junio de 1850).

En esta edición incluimos versiones españolas de los últimos dos documentos, traducidos de los originales en francés y alemán. Es interesante constatar que, en los tres casos antes mencionados, Marx utiliza la expresión “dictadura del proletariado” junto con la de “revolución en permanencia” –una estrategia sistematizada en el “Mensaje del Comité Central a la Liga de los Comunistas”, escrito por Marx y Engels a fines de marzo de 1850 (Marx y Engels, 1850) con la intención de expresar las conclusiones políticas que ambos creían necesario extraer de la experiencia de las revoluciones de 1848–.
Vera Carnovale, Los combatientes. Historia del PRT-ERP (2011)
Authors: D'Antonio Débora , Eidelman Ariel
Published: June 2020

Reseña de Vera Carnovale, Los combatientes. Historia del PRT-ERP, Siglo XXI, Buenos Aires, 2011, 310 pgs.
Sindicalismo revolucionario, trabajadores marítimos e historiografía a comienzos del siglo XX: revisión crítica y perspectivas
Authors: Caruso Laura
Published: June 2020

Nuevos trabajos e investigaciones dedicados a la historia del sindicalismo revolucionario, una tendencia del movimiento obrero cuya centralidad no ha tenido la repercusión esperada en el campo historiográfico, comienzan a plantear la superación de tal estado de situación. El ámbito de puerto, más específicamente el grupo de trabajadores embarcados, fue clave en la militancia sindicalista. Se presenta aquí una revisión de los trabajos sobre esta tendencia gremial y otros que se relacionan con la historia del sindicato donde tuvieron un protagonismo sostenido, la Federación Obrera Marítima, presentando a la vez avances y problemas de la propia investigación en desarrollo.
El marxismo y la burocracia sindical. La experiencia alemana (1898-1920)
Authors: Bosch Alessio Constanza , Gaido Daniel
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo reseña las polémicas llevadas a cabo por el ala revolucionaria de la socialdemocracia alemana contra el reformismo de los dirigentes sindicales ligados al partido, particularmente en torno a la consigna de la huelga política de masas, levantada como resultado de la Revolución Rusa de 1905. El artículo describe también el rol de dichos dirigentes en la conformación del ala de centro liderada por Karl Kautsky a partir de 1910, en el abandono del internacionalismo en 1914 y en la consolidación de un régimen de contrarrevolución democrática en Alemania, a partir de noviembre de 1918. Se demuestra cómo la burocracia sindical y partidaria desarticuló políticamente a la clase obrera alemana, sentando así las bases para dos de las más grandes derrotas históricas del proletariado mundial: el colapso de la Segunda Internacional y el fracaso de la Revolución Alemana de 1918-1923.
David Montgomery (1927-2011)
Authors: Scheinkman Ludmila
Published: June 2020

El pasado 2 de diciembre fallecía, a los 84 años de edad, el historiador David Montgomery, eminente representante de la New Labor History norteamericana. El presente artículo se propone analizar su trayectoria político-intelectual así como sus principales trabajos, señalando aquellos aspectos de su obra, escasamente difundida en nuestro país, que consideramos de vigencia, actualidad y relevancia tanto en lo metodológico, como para reflexionar sobre la agenda de investigación. Junto a sus planteos e hipótesis específicas sobre la historia de los trabajadores y el movimiento obrero norteamericano de fines de siglo XIX y principios del XX, pretendemos destacar aquí la envergadura de su empresa teórico-intelectual y política.
Harold Walter Nelson, León Trotsky y el arte de la insurrección 1905-1917 (2016)
Authors: Bonavena Pablo
Published: June 2020

Reseña de Harold Walter Nelson, León Trotsky y el arte de la insurrección 1905-1917, Buenos Aires: Ediciones IPS-CEIP León Trotsky, 2016, 251 pgs.
Andréia Galvão, Paula Marcelino y Patricia Vieira Trópia, As bases sociais das novas centrais sindicais brasileiras (2015)
Authors: Cambiasso Mariela
Published: June 2020

Reseña de Andréia Galvão, Paula Marcelino y Patricia Vieira Trópia, As bases sociais das novas centrais sindicais brasileiras, Curitiba: Appris, 2015, 295 pgs.
El Partido Socialista y la cuestión gremial. Debates internos durante la primera mitad de la década infame
Authors: Ceruso Diego
Published: June 2020

El trabajo reflexiona sobre las discusiones internas acerca del proceder socialista en el movimiento sindical en la primera mitad de la década del 30 con la intención de explorar sus debilidades y fortalezas y colaborar en un mejor conocimiento de la problemática de las izquierdas y la organización obrera. Procuramos identificar las diversas posturas existentes y los sectores en pugna. Analizamos la opinión de los cuadros gremiales partidarios y enfocamos con especial atención el rol de la Comisión Socialista de Información Gremial (CSIG) y sus integrantes. Ello lo hacemos, principalmente, a través de fuentes internas del Partido Socialista, su periódico La Vanguardia, y otras publicaciones de relevancia como Acción Socialista, Revista Socialista y documentos de la propia CSIG, entre otros.
Presentación del dossier
Authors: Caruso Laura , Belkin Alejandro
Published: June 2020

Presentación del dossier
Federados, soldados y productores: la militancia sindicalista revolucionaria en el sector marítimo (1910-1924)
Authors: Caruso Laura
Published: June 2020

El sindicalismo revolucionario, sus ideas, prácticas y giros, fueron vitales en la experiencia del movimiento obrero en Argentina al despuntar el siglo XX. En la navegación marítima el sindicalismo tuvo un protagonismo determinante tanto para la experiencia de sus trabajadores como para la propia corriente. Este trabajo indaga la militancia sindicalista a bordo, sus prácticas y formas de organización y de acción, así como las nociones que las sustentaron. Esto busca dar cuenta tanto de las particularidades del sindicalismo como de sus aspectos compartidos, en relación a su estrategia político-sindical y las formas de desplegarla, particularmente a través de la federación, de ciertas nociones de masculinidad, del control del trabajo y de una particular defensa del derecho obrero.
Un laboratorio político-gremial: el sindicalismo revolucionario en la industria de la madera, 1915-1930
Authors: Koppmann Walter
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la intervención del sindicalismo revolucionario en el gremio maderero de la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante el período 1915-1930. A partir del estudio de caso, se analizan las prácticas militantes y las formas organizativas dentro de un sector con alta calificación y escaso desarrollo productivo. Se sostiene que la intervención del sindicalismo entre estos trabajadores permitió apuntalar la acción política en el terreno de las centrales obreras nacionales; desarrollar formas de aproximación hacia el Estado en momentos clave (ley de jubilaciones de 1924 y de personería jurídica en 1926); así como también desenvolver un proceso de diferenciación interna dentro de la corriente. Mediante el relevamiento de fuentes primarias, centralmente prensa, se plantea una mirada renovada sobre la trayectoria del sindicalismo local.