bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Of Glycated Haemoglobin (Hba1c) And Glucose In Streptozotocininduced Wistar Rats Is Determined By Linear Regression
Authors: Simeon George Gborienemi , AA Uwakwe  , GO Ibeh
Published: January 2025

Objective To evaluate the relationship of glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) in type 1 diabetes model induced by streptozotocin.
Research Design and Methods Induction of diabetes mellitus was achieved through the intraperitoneal injection of 70mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin dissolved in 1m citrate buffer pH 4.5 twice daily for 2 days. A total number of thirty rats were used selected among those that have exceeded glucose threshold (>10.0mmol/l) 2 weeks after streptozotocin induction. All rats weighed between 240-300g. Samples for fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin were collected at the tail vein. Glucose was determined by the glucose oxidase method and HbA1C was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLCEsi/ ms) with uv detection. Data was analysed by one way and two way analysis of variance using SPSS version.
Results Significant linear relationship was demonstrated between plasma glucose level and glycated haemoglobin which could be predictive of risk of developing diabetes. Control samples had values within reference range, glucose (3.5-6.5 mmol/l) and glycated hemoglobin (4.3-7%). However diabetic test rats elicited values that varied significantly with time. Test result confirms the fact that higher mean values of plasma glucose in diabetic (positive) controls were due to the effect of streptozotocin.
Conclusion Plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin show positively mutual relationship and can be used in early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Using correlation coefficient and regression enhances measurement of the strength of the bivariate association and is predictive.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-3 No-3 (2012), Page 1-5
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i3.4816
Mucinous carcinoma of breast: FNAC as effective diagnostic modality
Authors: Tyagi Ruchita , Mahendra Kumar  , Pranay Tanwar  , Pranab Dey
Published: January 2025

Mucinous carcinoma of the breast in pure form comprises only 2% of all breast cancers. Pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast have better prognosis. They are usually having higher incidence in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal age group. We report a 32-year-old female, clinically suspected to have benign breast disease, diagnosed as mucinous carcinoma of the breast on FNAC. In such cases, there is always a high probability of missing the diagnosis at imaging because of the absence of established radiological signs of malignancy such as calcification and spiculation. In this case imaging was not helpful and diagnosis was ascertained by FNAC. This case further strongly substantiates, Fine needle aspiration cytology as rapid , highly sensitive and highly specific diagnostic investigation of choice for management of breast lumps .
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-3 No-3 (2012), Page -32-35
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i3.5240
Perception And Knowledge Regarding Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Males Of Lalitpur
Authors: Upadhyay-Dhungel Kshitiz , BA Dhungel  , PKL Das  , BMS Karki
Published: January 2025

Background: Puberty is a significant phase of human growth. It has important implications for the development of regulatory competence and of physical, emotional, social maturity. Adolescents should have knowledge regarding their physical growth and reproductive health, so that unnecessary reservations and stress could be avoided. Adolescent males have as many health issues as adolescent females, but they are less likely to be seen in a clinical setting due to both individual factors and the health care system itself. Also, very few studies are done to access knowledge and perception of adolescent males regarding reproductive health. Hence, this study was designed to access the knowledge and perception of young adolescent males regarding physical growth and reproductive health which will help to design effective interventions mostly in terms of sex and health education.
Method: : A Self designed questionnaire was given to the participants after explaining the objective of the study and taking written consent .The data was tabulated and students’ perception and knowledge regarding reproductive health was analysed.
Result: 125 boys filled the form, mean age 13.2±2.2. Overall knowledge and perception regarding reproductive health was found to be satisfactory. Some shortcomings do exist like 50% participants did not know about contraceptives, 23% are worried about shape and size of their penis, and 23% feel no one understands them.
Conclusion: Adolescent possess some knowledge about reproductive health but still effective educational intervention is required to encourage more sensible and healthy behaviour which and may lessen stress and reservations that comes with pubertal maturation.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-3 No-3 (2012), Page -27-31
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i3.7744
Does Acclimatization Have Any Impact On Primary Health Status Among Students Of Vit University, Vellore?
Authors: Jhimli Ghosh  , Asit Ranjan Ghosh  , P Porchelvan
Published: January 2025

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the overall prevalence of nutritional status among young adult of VIT University, Vellore with impact of psycho-somatic changes, primary health and climate change among fresh admission.
Material & Methods: Study measured data on height and weight of adults aged 17-23 years of the newly admitted students (n=157; Girls=87 & Boys=70). One commonly used indicator i.e., body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was used to evaluate the nutritional status of subjects. Based on BMI, chronic energy deficiency (CED) and obesity were determined accordingly.
Results: The mean BMI varies from 21.828 to 23.223 among girls between 17-23 years of age while 23.493 to 24.265 among boys of 17-19 years of age. The mean magnitudes of BMI are between 23.497 and 22.563 respectively among students of 17 to 23 years old. The nutritional status of 57.32% of fresher is normal with the estimated BMI while 11.46 % are suffering from under-nutrition and 31.21% are with obesity. Overall prevalence of CED was (11.3 %). Among 87 girls, 58 (67.5%) and 27.1% of 70 boys are psychologically stressed. The study has also intervened the shifting of time management and utilization before and after to VIT system. Students either gained or lost their bodyweight during the first semester of academic courses; a total of 51 students (17 girls and 34 boys) lost their weight by 1-10 kg while a total of 36 students gained weight.
Conclusion: Acclimatization has brought changes among studied students those who came from distant states.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-3 No-3 (2012), Page -12-19
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i3.5687
Interleukin-1 involved in Apoptosis of Beta-Thalassemia/Hemoglobin E Erythroid Progenitor Cells
Authors: Umesh Prasad Gupta  , Pranee Fucharoen  , Dalina I Tanyong
Published: January 2025

Objective: The major pathophysiological features of β-thalassemia are anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Ineffective erythropoiesis has been shown by an intense marrow erythroid hyperplasia and increased apoptosis during basophilic to orthochromatic normoblast stages. Some cytokines like interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) have been found to involved in apoptosis. Although the pro-apoptotic activity of IFN-γ and TNF-α is well documented, there are only few studies on IL-1, especially on erythroid lineage. In this in vitro study, the role of cytokine IL-1α and IL-1β in apoptosis of erythroid progenitor cells from β- thalassemia/HbE patients was assessed.
Methods: Erythroid progenitor cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy subjects and β-thalassemia/HbE patients. Cells were then cultured, with and without 20 ng/ml IL-1α and IL-1β. Total cells and percent cell viability were performed by using trypan blue staining. Percent cell apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometer.
Results: Both IL-1α and IL-1β were significantly decreased erythroid progenitor cells. IL-1 at 20 ng/ml reduced the glycophorin A positive cells and percent cell viability of erythroid progenitor cells from β-thalassemia/HbE patients, while there was increased apoptosis in this group. The highest percent apoptosis was observed in 20 ng/ml IL-1β treated β-thalassemia/HbE erythroid progenitor cells.
Conclusion: IL-1β could be involved in apoptosis of erythroid progenitor cells from β-thalassemia/HbE patients which might be related with ineffective erythropoiesis of the disease.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.6805
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.8-14
A correlative study of uric acid with lipid profile
Authors: Devajit Sarmah  , Booloo Sharma
Published: January 2025

Objective: the study was conducted to verify the association of hyperuricemia with lipid profile in a group of Assamese people so as to take necessary precautions from developing future cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) were estimated in sixty hyperuricemic Assamese people who had no previous history of CVD to ascertain the pattern of their association between uric acid and lipid profile if any.
Results: The study proves a significant positive correlation (p < 0.005) between uric acid and TC, TG and LDL, and a significant negative correlation (p < 0.005) between uric acid and HDL.
Conclusion: The study thus shows that hyperuricemia is associated with dyslipidemia which may predispose to future CVD. So treating such subject for hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia can very well reduce cardiovascular morbidity.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.7893
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 8-14
Aggressive nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting as diminution of vision: a case report
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Sajid Ansari  , Kanchan Dhungel  , Mukesh Kumar Gupta  , Raj Kumar Rauniyar  , Mohammad Azfar Siddiqui
Published: January 2025

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant disease and is more common in males than in females with M:F ratio of 3:1. It has a bimodal peak at 16-20 and 46-50 years of age. Orbital involvement is seen in 3.2% and bilateral orbital invasion occurs in 0.7% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Imaging has significant role in detecting the early nasopharyngeal carcinoma, tumor staging, involvement of lymph node, monitoring the patients after the therapy, to detect recurrence and radiation associated changes in the soft tissue and bone. We report a case of aggressive nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 22 years old male who presented with rapidly progressive diminution of vision.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8297
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 130-133
A Case of Nodular Chest Shadows
Authors: Pijush Kanti Mandal  , Arpan Kumar Dey  , Subhraprakash Pramanik  , Somenath Dasgupta  , Tanmoy W Momin
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still very common in India as well as in other developing countries. The lesions are usually woolly, ill-defined opacities and may be associated with cavities. Multiple nodular discrete bilateral opacities affecting the lungs from base to apex, more in the lower zones is unusual in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. We report a case of a 55 year old male with bilateral multiple nodular opacities of varying sizes as evident on chest radiography presented with dry cough and one episode of haemoptysis, which initially raised a possibility of lung metastasis. CT guided FNAB from left lung lesion showed chronic granulomatous lesion likely to be of Tubercular aetiology. Sputum for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) was negative but the culture for AFB was positive and the patient responded to treatment with Antituberculardrugs (ATDs).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8297  
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 130-133
Clinical management of drug resistant tuberculosis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sonal Jain  , Arun Kumar
Published: January 2025

Despite the introduction 40 years ago of the inexpensive and effective four-drug (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) treatment regimen, tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is because of development of drug resistance in tuberculosis strains, usually called as MDR/XDR-TB. Consequently, novel drugs and regimens for management of these drug resistant TB forms are emerging. Such regimens probably utilize both repurposed drugs and new chemical drugs. This article covers current concepts and recent advances in TB drug discovery and development. An updated review of the mechanisms of action and resistance of the main old and new anti-tuberculosis agents has been described. The consensus statements from RNTCP for management of MDR/XDR-TB have also been discussed.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 1-9
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9698
Laparoscopic vs. open inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Amit Gupta  , SK Jain  , Sunil Kumar  , RCM Kaza
Published: January 2025

Inguinal hernia repair using mesh is one of the most frequently performed operations in general surgery. The mesh can be placed using an open technique or by laparoscopic approach. Many studies have highlighted the merits and risks of laparoscopic approach for the repair of inguinal hernia, the final sentence still remains to be written as majority of trials are too small to show clear benefits of one technique over another. To compare laparoscopic mesh repair with open method in management of inguinal hernia.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 11-14
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9301
Comparison of efficacy of add-on therapy of vildagliptin versus pioglitazone among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients inadequately controlled on dual therapy of metformin plus sulfonylurea
Authors: Kirandeep Kaur  , Rupinder Kaur  , Naveen Mittal  , Shalini Arora  , Sandeep Kaushal
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of add on therapy of Vildagliptin versus Pioglitazone among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients inadequately controlled on dual therapy of metformin and sulfonylureas.
Methods: This was an open label prospective non randomized trial conducted on 50 patients attending Endocrinology Outpatient Department in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) with age between 30 to 70 years of either gender, on dual oral anti-diabetic treatment (Metformin + Sulfonylurea) for at least last 3 months; HbA1c >7% and < 11%, BMI >25 kg/m2, were included. Group I patients were started on pioglitazone (30 mg once daily) and those in group II started on vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily), in addition to their earlier treatment of metformin and sulfonylurea. Primary end point was change in HbA1c levels after 12 weeks from baseline and secondary outcomes were change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and percentage of patients with endpoint HbA1c < 7% at 12 weeks.
Results: A significant fall in HbA1c levels was seen in both the groups after 12 weeks of treatment with metformin, sulfonylureas and pioglitazone/ vildagliptin (p<0.001), however the decrease in HbA1c levels at 12 weeks were not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.16). Only four patients out of a total of 50, showed HbA1c <7% at 12 weeks, out of which three were from pioglitazone and one patient from vildagliptin group. The FPG and random plasma glucose levels also decreased significantly in both the groups (p < 0.001). No adverse effect was reported by the patients.
Conclusion: Both vildagliptin and pioglitazone provided additional HbA1c lowering to that achieved with metformin and sulfonylurea. Vildagliptin demonstrates similar efficacy and safety to pioglitazone when added to metformin and sulfonylureas for three months. The clinical study is registered with Clinical Trials Registry of India, no. CTRI/2013/04/003582.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 77-81
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9482
Enhancement of some sex hormones concentrations by consumption of leaves extract of Viscum album (mistletoe) in rats
Authors: Ofem Effiong Ofem  , Atim Bassey Antai  , Nsima Monday Essien  , Victor Otu Oka
Published: January 2025

Objective: This present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of consumption of leaves extract of mistletoe on the concentration of some serum sex hormones (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and prolactin) in rats.
Methods: Twenty-four (24) female albino Wistar rats (210-250 g final body weight) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control) took normal rat chow + drinking water. Group 2, extract treated-1 (ET-1), group 3, extract treated-2 (ET-2) and group 4, extract treated-3 (ET-3) in addition received 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg respectively of V. album extract p.o once daily. The feeding regimens lasted for 4 weeks.
Results: The serum concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone and prolactin in control group were 0.95±0.09 μIU/mL, 1.21±0.10 μIU/mL, 6.78±0.19 ng/mL and 1.86±0.09 ng/mL respectively. FSH levels was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ET-1 compared with control and ET-3. Serum concentrations of LH and testosterone were significantly (p<0.05) higher in ET-1 and ET-2 compared with control; LH and testosterone concentrations were in turn significantly (p<0.01) lower in ET-3 compared with ET-1 and ET-2. Prolactin decreased significantly (p<0.05) in ET-1 and ET-2 compared with control.
Conclusion: Moderate and controlled doses of mistletoe extract increases serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone but decreases prolactin concentrations, which could enhance reproductive functions in normal persons and those with loss-of reproductive function.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 87-90
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9593
Vascular endothelial dysfunction in sickle cell disease by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation
Authors: Pranav Kumar Raghuwanshi  , Somnath Singh Raghuvanshi
Published: January 2025

Objective: The present study was conducted aiming to assess endothelial function in sickle cell disease (SS), sickle cell trait(SA) and compare to endothelial dysfunction between sickle cell anemia (SS), sickle cell trait (SA) cases and control (AA) patients to evaluate correlation of endothelial dysfunction.
Methods: The study population comprised of, total 25 cases having sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait and 25 age and sex matched normal control. Endothelial dysfunction as assessed by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation by colour Doppler (non-invasive method)by using Siemens Sonoline 500. Statistical analysis was performed using Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, and P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Significant difference were observed in FMD (flow mediated vasodilatation) in case and control group (p<0.05), also significant difference was demonstrated between AS and SS group.
Conclusion: The percentage of flow mediated dilatation of vessel is a marker of endothelial function was significantly lower in cases as compared to controls and was also lower in AS & SS when compared to control group & significantly lower in SS group than AS group.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 105-107
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9445
Scrub typhus, a reemerging zoonosis – An Indian case series
Authors: Deepak Madi  , Basavaprabhu Achappa  , M Chakrapani  , MR Pavan  , Saaritha Narayanan  , Sujitha Yadlapati  , Sujani Yadlapati  , Soundarya Mahalingam
Published: January 2025

Background: Rickettsial diseases are reemerging in many parts of our country. Scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is difficult to diagnose Scrub typhus because of nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of availability of specific tests (ELISA) in all centres.
Aim: Our aim was to study the clinical features, lab parameters and outcome of patients diagnosed with Scrub typhus.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital based study was done in Mangalore (Karnataka) to identify cases of scrub typhus. Patients who had an acute febrile illness and IgM antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi were included in our study.
Results: 10 cases of Scrub typhus were identified. Among them 7(70%) patients were females and 3(30%) were males. Major symptoms on admission were fever10(100%), dyspnea or cough-2(20%), rashes1(10%), altered sensorium1(10%). The major signs were fever10(100%), eschar 2(20%), and signs of meningial irritation in 1(10%). Lab parameters showed leukocytosis in 4(40%), thrombocytopenia in 3(30%), raised liver enzymes in 3(30%) and renal failure in 3(30%). Chest X-ray showed consolidation in 2(20%) patients. There was no mortality in our study.
Conclusion: Scrub typhus can present with varying clinical manifestations and eschar can be absent in majority of cases as shown in our study. Therefore diagnosis should be based on a high index of suspicion and empirical treatment with doxycycline must be started whenever there is a strong suspicion of Scrub typhus.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 108-111
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9213
Pulmonary hamartoma, a rare benign tumour of the lung - Case series
Authors: Tyagi Ruchita , Amamjit Bal  , Divyesh Mahajan  , Raje Nijhawan  , Ashim Das
Published: January 2025

Introduction - Pulmonary hamartoma, with incidence of 0.25-0.32%, accounts for 6% of solitary pulmonary nodules. The role of radiology is limited as only 10-30% of cases show characteristic ‘popcorn’ calcification and Computed Tomography can detect approximately  50% of hamartomas. Hence cytological and/or histopathological examination is required to make a definitive diagnosis and exclude malignancy.
Objective – As pulmonary hamartoma is a rare entity detected serendipitously on radiography and requires cytological and histopathological examination for confirmation of diagnosis, we present nine cases of solitary pulmonary nodules which were diagnosed as pulmonary hamartoma.
 Methods - We retrospectively screened departmental records and slides and found nine cases of pulmonary hamartoma in our tertiary care institute. Three cases were diagnosed on CT guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and four cases were diagnosed on histopathological examination of surgical specimens, over a period of 16 years (1997-2012). Two cases were incidentally discovered to have pulmonary hamartoma at autopsy.
 Observations – The age of the patients ranged from 17-63 years (mean-46.3), with male to female ratio being 3.5:1. The size of the hamartoma varied from 0.4 – 1.3 cm, with mean diameter of 1 cm. Cytology showed mixture of bronchial epithelial cells, adipocytes and stromal fragments in fibromyxoid and chondroid background. Histopathology demonstrated lobules of cartilage and adipose tissue with intervening clefts lined by respiratory epithelium and mesenchymal stroma.
Conclusion – Every solitary pulmonary nodule is not malignant. It is important to correctly diagnose pulmonary hamartoma, a rare, yet benign neoplasm presenting as a solitary lung nodule and distinguish it from malignancy.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 112-115
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9243
A case of swine flu superinfected with carbapenem resistant Klebsiella
Authors: Rajdip Hazra  , SM Manjunatha  , Md. Babrak Manuar  , Sisir Chakraborty  , Kaushik Ghosh
Published: January 2025

Swine flu is caused by antigenic shift of influenza A virus with clinical features similar to seasonal influenza virus. Majority of the morbidity and mortality due to swine flu are attributable to pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bacterial superinfection can occur, though it is rare in adults. Here we report a case of swine flu superinfected with carbapenem resistant Klebsiella, which is often coined as Klebsiella ‘superbug’.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 120-122
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.8589
Spirometric evaluation of pulmonary functions of medical students in Nepal
Authors: Banskota Nepal Grishma , PKL Das  , A Bhaila
Published: January 2025

Background: Spirometry is vital in screening, diagnosing and monitoring of patients in clinical respiratory medicine. The interpretations of these results depend on comparison with reference values derived from a pool of normal healthy population, which are age, weight, height, gender and ethnicity dependant.
Objectives: To establish normative data of lung function indices (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR and MVV) of healthy adult persons and to find correlation of these data, if any, with age, height, weight and BMI.
Methods: Participants (n=174, mean age 19.60±1.177 yrs, height 161.87±8.572 cm, weight 58.65±11.190 kg and BMI 22.28±3.159 kg/m2) were recruited from KIST medical college. Spriometry was performed and data were grouped according to age, height, weight, BMI and gender.
Results: The mean FVC, FEV1, PEFR and MVV of males (3.58 ±0.7241 L, 3.34±0.61L, 8.41±1.20L/sec and 141.45±18.54L/min respectively) were significantly higher than that of females (2.52±0.50L, 2.44±0.44L, 6.72±0.82L/sec and 106.93±12.49L/min respectively). However, FEV1/FVC ratio was statistically similar in males and females. FVC and FEV1 were positively correlated with height and weight in females. PEFR showed correlation with weight and BMI and MVV showed correlation with weight in females. In males, FVC showed positive correlation with height, weight and BMI. FEV1 and MVV showed maximum correlation with height of male students.
Conclusions: Significant increased in PFT parameters were observed in male as compare to female. PFT parameters were mainly influenced by body height and weight in both sexes, so on this basis, a prediction equation was established for Nepalese population.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 82-86
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9352
The prevalence and associated cardiovascular risk factors in resistant hypertensive subjects in Eastern India
Authors: Pijush Kanti Mandal  , Arpan Kumar Dey  , Subhraprakash Pramanik  , Shovan Kumar Das  , Sumit Khotick  , Avik Das  , Sattyendra Nath Dutta  , Amit Sarkar  , Somnath Dasgupta
Published: January 2025

Background: To study the prevalence and associated cardiovascular risk factors of ‘Resistant’ hypertension (RHT) in hypertensive patients of India.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out among 300 hypertensive patients attending ‘Hypertension Clinic’ and providing informed written consent from October 2013 to December 2013 at Burdwan Medical College and hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal in India. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: The prevalence of Resistant hypertension was 23.33% among all hypertensives. The patients with Resistant hypertension were significantly associated with older age groups (>55 years) (77.1% vs. 38.3%, p value <0.001, OR 5.446, 95% CI 2.935 and 10.104), Obesity (BMI > 27.5 kg/m2) (67.1% vs. 45.7%, p value 0.002, OR 2.433, 95% CI 1.387 and 4.268), Diabetes mellitus (72.9% vs. 45.2%, p value <0.001, OR 3.252, 95% CI 1.808 and 5.851), Prolonged hypertension (>10 years; 74.3% vs. 43.9%, p value <0.001, OR 3.690, 95% CI 2.033 and 6.696) and co-morbidity like Ischemic Heart Disease (60% vs. 44.8%, p value 0.026, OR 1.850, 95% CI 1.073 and 3.187) as risk factors as compared to patients with non-resistant hypertension.
Conclusions: Nearly one fourth of the hypertensive persons were suffering from Resistant hypertension, which was significantly associated with the presence of older age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, longer duration of hypertension and co-morbidity like Ischemic Heart Disease as risk factors.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9737
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 1-5
Fremtidskartoflen gennem kriserne
Authors: Sarkez-Knudsen Josefine Løndorf
Published: January 2025

Denne artikel undersøger, hvorledes kartoflen gøres som krisestrategi og fremtidspraksis af en række aktører fra en skånsk højskole med fokus på alternative dyrkningsmåder. Artiklen er en del af afhandlingsprojektet, Living Alternative Futures: Mobilising through permaculture in times of crises, og er ligesom a!andlingsprojektet optaget af at undersøge, hvorledes civile aktører i Sverige søger at foregribe og håndtere aktuelle og fremtidige kriser gennem lokalt forankrede initiativer og hverdagspraksisser. Artiklen viser, hvordan fremtidskartoflen udgør en stabil krisestrategi, der både bruges til at forhindre en nærtforestående krise og fungerer som ideal for fremtidens bæredygtige leve- og dyrkemåder.
Sju sorters kakor
Authors: Kvist Sandra
Published: January 2025

Framtiden har i alla tider fascinerat människan. Att spana e!er morgondagen, att sia om vad som komma skall, är en stor del av dagens samhälle där många beslut bygger på spekulation. I denna artikel diskuteras hur framtiden skapas som ett nätverk, sträckt mellan minne och förväntan, där såväl mänskliga som icke-mänskliga aktörsrelationer spelar roll. Med utgångspunkt i att framtiden börjar idag, är förståelsen för det materiella nuet centralt för att kunna fånga och förstå det som ännu inte skett. Hur saker och ting görs, vilka spänningsfält och konflikter som uppstår, ger alla ledtrådar till vad framtiden kan tänkas ha att erbjuda.
"Vi snakker om alle de ting vi skal lave, når det hele forhåbentligt er slut"
Authors: Damsholt Tine
Published: January 2025

I hverdagen sameksisterer flere former for fremtid, der må forhandles, og denne artikel belyser nogle af de forskellige måder, hvorpå man engagerer sig i og søger at drage omsorg for en endnu ukendt fremtid, hvad enten den er individuel eller kollektiv i en nærmere eller !ernere tidshorisont. Mere konkret undersøger artiklen, hvordan pandemien som kollektiv samfundskrise dels destabiliserede velkendte måder at planlægge og have forventninger til fremtiden, dels affødte nye affektivt ambivalente artikuleringer af både dystopier og utopier, og dels hvordan frygt og håb for fremtiden kunne omsættes og håndteres i fremtidspraktiseringer i hverdagslivets skala.
Land(brug)ets fremtider
Authors: Jessen Nina Toudal
Published: January 2025

Gennem to spor undersøger artiklen forestillingen om planlægning og styring af fremtidens arealanvendelse i 1950erne og 1960erne: Det ene spor opruller et forslag til egns- og byplanlægning på Vestsjælland. Det andet spor fremlægger en række større dræningsarbejder, som blev foretaget i Åmosen på Vestsjælland mellem 1957 og 1966. Artiklen spørger til, hvordan forestillinger om fremtidens arealanvendelse kom til udtryk henholdsvis gennem planer og ideer på den ene side, og så den fysiske konkrete, ombygning af landskabet på den anden. I artiklen viser jeg derfor, hvordan by- og industriudvikling blev samtænkt i planlægningen, mens landbrugets arealer blev holdt ude. For byers og industriens arealplaner var der specifikke krav til fremtidens Danmark og et ønske om at styre arealanvendelsen, mens landbrugets arealer ikke var indtænkt her. Dermed blev kun en del af det danske landskab indlemmet i fremtidstænkningen. Landbrugets fremtid var i stedet indbygget i dræningens og afvandingens rationale i form af fremtidige udviklingsmuligheder. Hvor industriens fremtid blev planlagt, blev landbruget i stedet formet af teknisk og ingeniørmæssig ekspertise, som omdannede mosejord til landbrugsjord.
Interdependent persons in tax law: problems of law enforcement
Authors: Sekretaryov Roman Viktorovich
Published: January 2025

The object of the study is the legal relations between interdependent persons in relation to the fulfillment of their tax obligations. The subject of the study is the tax legislation of the Russian Federation, judicial arbitration practice in tax disputes, and the doctrinal views of modern jurists. Special attention is paid to the analysis of current law enforcement practice, analyzing which the author tries to find out current trends in the application of tax legislation. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to find an objective balance between public and private interests. On the one hand, businesses strive to minimize their tax costs by generating profits for their beneficiaries. Often, complex schemes are used for this, which are not always logical from the point of view of building civil law relations, but formally do not contradict the legislation. On the other hand, the supervisory authorities, within their powers, analyze the schemes built by entrepreneurs and qualify them based on the need to fulfill the constitutional obligation to pay taxes and the inadmissibility of arbitrary evasion from this obligation. In preparing the work, the author used the following methods of scientific cognition: formal legal, comparative legal, induction, deduction and structural method of legal modeling. The novelty of the undertaken research lies in a consistent and systematic analysis of the current law enforcement in tax disputes involving interdependent persons. The work convincingly shows, using specific examples, that not only commercial, but also non-commercial legal entities strive to optimize their tax obligations. At the same time, it was revealed that the tools for such optimization are quite wide: splitting up a business, transferring employees from one organization to another, using the same official website for the current activities of several legal entities with almost identical founders. Sometimes it is practiced to conclude civil law transactions with similar conditions for consumers, but with a variety of persons on the supplier's side. At the same time, the financial and economic activities of various taxpayers are controlled by the same individuals (this includes, among other things, signing bank documents and tax reports).
Features of criminal prosecution for gross violations of traffic rules in certain European states
Authors: Golubev Igor Viktorovich
Published: January 2025

The subject of the research is the peculiarities of criminal prosecution for gross violations of traffic rules in certain European countries. The international experience of research in the field of criminal liability for gross violations of traffic rules was considered. The research analyzed scientific materials included in a series of publications of the Netherlands Institute of Law and Management, published following the results of the International Conference on Criminal Liability for Gross Violations of Traffic Rules, which took place on September 7, 2012 in Groningen (the Netherlands). The authors analyzed analytical reviews devoted to the study of the complex nature of traffic violations, as well as the system of gross violations of traffic rules in a number of European states, highlighted the features of sentencing for these types of crimes in these states. The role of guilt and harm from the point of view of the severity of punishment, psychological aspects of the behavior of drivers of vehicles that are relevant to the causal relationships of the commission of the types of crimes in the field of road safety are also studied. To solve the tasks set and verify the initial theoretical positions, a set of research methods was used: universal dialectical, logical, formal-legal, teleological. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the current legislation of Russia and foreign countries (the Netherlands, England, Wales), which allows us to state that tougher liability for gross violations of traffic rules will help stabilize safety on public roads. At the same time, the degree of danger should be taken into account, and therefore it is necessary to carry out an additional classification of offenses, by analogy with foreign countries. Thus, in accordance with the legislation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of France, the maximum penalty for negligent traffic violations is higher than an administrative offense, while an intermediate offense is allocated between administrative and criminal liability. This principle can be implemented in Russian legislation, which will distinguish this type of offense into a special one and allow for more accurate classification.
Organization of specialized institutions for the detention of foreign citizens before their expulsion from the territory of the country of temporary residence
Authors: SHadrina Liliya Valer'evna
Published: January 2025

The subject of the study is the norms of the Russian and foreign legislation of individual countries, which establish measures of administrative coercion applied to foreign citizens and stateless persons located in the territory of the host country, related to detention in special institutions. The purpose of the work is to analyze foreign legislation and identify problems that arise when applying these measures under the legislation of the Russian Federation. The focus on streamlining migration processes in recent years has been clearly manifested in the activities of the state in the form of legislative and managerial measures. Perhaps their essence can be reduced to a single goal: providing conditions for migrants to fully realize their rights in the territory of the host country and their functioning within the framework of the "legal field". The research methodology is based on general scientific (logical, systematic, analysis, generalization) and private scientific (specifically sociological, formal legal) methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of unified approaches to the detention of foreign citizens and stateless persons in the territory of the host country, in terms of the detention of these persons in institutions on the basis of judicial or administrative decisions, their subordination to internal affairs bodies, as well as the terms of detention of these persons. To date, there is no uniform practice of detaining foreign citizens and stateless persons before being expelled from the host country, which entails a violation of their rights and legitimate interests. Also, Russian legislation does not clearly specify the time limits for which a foreign citizen and stateless persons should be held in special institutions until they are expelled from the territory of the Russian Federation.
On the issue of the concept and classification of inspection activities in the Russian Federation
Authors: Koynov Maxim Yurevich
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is currently some legal uncertainty regarding the issue of conducting inspection activities in the Russian Federation. The article proposes to consider the issue of conducting inspection activities in the genesis of their formation and development since the 60s of the last century to the present. To reveal the legal basis, goals and objectives, to classify, to clarify the concepts of inspection activities. The object of the study is the legal relations arising in the process of implementing inspection measures as the basis for the activities of law enforcement agencies. The subject of the study is the norms of law governing the legal basis, goals, objectives and procedure for conducting inspection activities. The authors propose to classify the inspection events held in the Russian Federation according to the purposes of such events. The methodological basis of the article consists of both general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, as well as logical, formal legal, comparative legal research methods, historical analysis of normative legal acts. The main conclusion of the study is the need to bring the legal norms of the legislation of the Russian legislation regulating inspection activities to a unified approach. The lack of a unified approach to the classification of inspection activities, goals and procedures for their implementation limits the possibilities of using such measures in the operational and official activities of law enforcement agencies. The authors propose to highlight the following inspection activities: An external inspection is a measure to ensure the personal safety of law enforcement officers, a personal search is a measure to ensure administrative proceedings within the framework of administrative activities, a personal search is a measure to ensure proceedings within the framework of a criminal case. The classification proposed by the authors on the division of inspection activities according to the purposes of conducting, and the legislative consolidation of the terminology of search and inspection will contribute to a more effective exercise of their powers by law enforcement officers.
Problems of implementation of the principle of optimal workload of an investigator’
Authors: Syromiatnikov Kirill Aleksandrovich , Serbin Sergei Vladimirovich , Vlezko Dmitrii  Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2025

The investigation of crimes is a specific social activity, which has become much more complicated at the moment of the development of society. In this regard, the organizational aspect of the investigation is of particular importance. The fundamental role in the organization of the investigation is occupied by the principles that form the main direction of the activities of all law enforcement agencies, both in organizing the workflow and in the investigation as a whole. This paper examines such an important principle as the optimal workload of the investigator. It seems to us that now investigators in their professional activities aim not so much to ensure security and public order, but to increase their quantitative indicators. In other words, the main task of the investigator is not to combat real crime, but to bring its level to such an extent that each reporting period the indicators of this employee only grow, which would affect a positive assessment of his work. In this regard, proposals have been made to revise the practical implementation of the principle of optimal workload of the investigator. Another important aspect of the optimal workload is the need to take into account the individual characteristics and needs of each investigator. Some investigators may be able to handle more cases than others, while others may need more time and support to complete their tasks. Therefore, it is important to provide each investigator with the necessary resources and support to achieve optimal performance. It should also be noted that the optimal workload depends on the specific conditions and circumstances of each investigation. For example, some investigations may require more time and resources due to the complexity and nature of the crime. In such cases, it may be necessary to adjust the workload accordingly to ensure the most effective investigation
The Russian language as a factor of Russia's soft power in the Arab world using the examples of the UAE and Morocco
Authors: Ismailov Samir
Published: January 2025

The subject of the research is the study of the Russian language as a source of Russia's soft power in the Arab world using the examples of the United Arab Emirates and the Kingdom of Morocco. Being a strong instrument of soft power, the spread of the Russian language can help Russia attract investment, tourism, the best minds of the planet, as well as promote a positive image of the Russian Federation in the world. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Russian language as an instrument of Russia's soft power in the Arab region using the examples of the UAE and Morocco. The objectives of the study are to collect and analyze information from respondents from the United Arab Emirates and the Kingdom of Morocco, respectively; to conduct a comparative analysis between data obtained from Morocco and the UAE; to create pie and bar charts to simplify the understanding and analysis of the information collected. The study used social survey methods, for which circular and bar charts were used to analyze responses. A comparative analysis method was also used to study how the spread of the Russian language differs in Morocco and the UAE, respectively. The scientific novelty of the article is the fact that the Russian language is insufficiently studied as an instrument of Russia's soft power in the Arab world. Russian is a strong source of Russia's soft power in Morocco and the UAE, as the majority of respondents stated that they had thought about learning Russian, as it is an important language of peace and diplomacy. Also, the majority of respondents stressed that the Russian language can be useful to them both in professional and academic fields. In addition, the vast majority of respondents in both countries stated that they associate the Russian language as a tool for cultural exchange and communication. It is important to note that the author also came to the conclusion that the institutions of the Russian language are much more developed in the UAE than in Morocco
Recognition of legal norms as unconstitutional as a form of overcoming legal uncertainty
Authors: Burtseva Svetlana Sergeevna
Published: January 2025

The subject of the research is the study of overcoming the legal uncertainty of legal norms by recognizing them as unconstitutional as a result of the implementation of constitutional judicial review. The author considers the role of recognizing legal norms as unconstitutional for the state of legal certainty, the consequences of implementing the considered form of activity of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, designated in the practice of constitutional justice, situations that clearly entail recognition of legal norms as inconsistent with the Constitution, as well as methods of achieving legal certainty. The study is based on the established practice of the constitutional review body of Russia in the administration of constitutional justice, its analysis from the point of view of the idea of legal certainty and other guiding legal ideas, as well as the opinions and positions of leading political scientists on the issue under consideration. This study uses general scientific (analytical, statistical) and special (formal-legal) research methods. The study has established that recognizing legal norms as unconstitutional is a radical way to overcome legal uncertainty, which is associated with the consequences of decisions of Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. In addition, based on the practice of constitutional justice, groups of situations are defined in which the application of the method under consideration becomes inevitable, and methods implemented by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation are identified that facilitate the achievement of legal certainty (for example, addressing the legislator with instructions on future legal regulation, establishing measures for the implementation of decrees recognizing norms as unconstitutional). The author also raises the problem of maintaining the effect of legal regulation recognized as unconstitutional, as well as the problem of enforcing decisions recognizing legal norms as unconstitutional, in connection with requests from judicial bodies.