bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Prompt Identification and Surgical Correction of Marfan Syndrome Aortic Disease in a middle-income Country: A Case Series Study.
Authors: Velandia-Sánchez Alejandro , Polanía-Sandoval Camilo Andrés , Senosiain-González Julián , Álvarez-Martínez José Vicente , Gallo-Bernal Sebastian , Barrera-Carvajal Juan Guillermo , Umana Juan Pablo , Camacho-Mackenzie Jaime
Published: December 2023

Background: Marfan Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease caused by pathogenetic variants in the FBN1 gene. The progressive dilatation of the aorta and the potential risk of acute aortic syndromes influence the prognosis of these patients. We aim to describe population characteristics, long-term survival, and re-intervention patterns in patients who underwent aortic surgery with a previously confirmed clinical diagnosis of Marfan Syndrome in a middle-income country.
Methods: A retrospective single-center case series study was conducted. All Marfan Syndrome patients who underwent aortic procedures from 2004 until 2021 were included. Qualitative variables were frequency-presented, while quantitative ones adopted mean ± standard deviation. A subgroup analysis between elective and emergent procedures was conducted. Kaplan-Meier plots depicted cumulative survival and re-intervention-free. Control appointments and government data tracked out-of-hospital mortality.
Results: 50 patients were identified. Mean age was 38.79 ± 14.41 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Common comorbidities included aortic valve regurgitation (66%) and hypertension (50%). Aortic aneurysms were observed in 64% without dissection and 36% with dissection. Surgical procedures comprised elective (52%) and emergent cases (48%). The most common surgery performed was valve-sparing root replacement, specifically the David procedure (64%), and the Bentall procedure (14%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. Complications included stroke (10%), and acute kidney injury (6%). The average follow-up was 8.88 ± 5.78 years. Survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 89%, 73%, and 68%, respectively. Reintervention rates at 1, 2.5, and 5 years were 10%, 14%, and 17%, respectively. The emergent subgroup was younger (37.58 ± 14.49 years), had the largest number of Stanford A aortic dissections, presented hemodynamic instability (41.67%), and had a higher requirement of reinterventions in the first 5 years of follow-up (p=0.030).
Conclusion: In our study, surveillance programs played a pivotal role in sustaining high survival rates and identifying re-intervention requirements. However, challenges persist, as 48% of the patients required emergent surgery. Despite not affecting survival rates, a greater requirement for reinterventions was observed, emphasizing the necessity of timely diagnosis. Enhanced educational initiatives for healthcare providers and increased patient involvement in follow-up programs are imperative to address these concerns.
Single-cell analysis identifies distinct populations of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs) linked to the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Yang Xu , Wu Jianwei , Fan Longlong , Chen Binghua , Zhang Shiqiang , Zheng Wenzhong
Published: December 2023

Purpose
In this study, we systematically evaluated CD4+ T cell subtypes and investigated the correlation between tumor-specific cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs) and the therapeutic efficacy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients.
Methods
The expression patterns of CD4+ T lymphocytes subtypes in RCC patients were systematically characterized using CD4+ T lymphocytes single-cell RNA sequencing, and verification via immunofluorescent staining techniques. Datasets of mRCC patients undergoing immunotherapy were analyzed to assess the synergistic role of CD4+ CTLs in predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The CD4+ CTLs signature score was derived from the CheckMate 009, 010, and 025 bulk RNA-seq datasets using CIBERSORTx algorithms.
Results
We found that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells accounted for a significant proportion among all CD4+ T lymphocyte sub-clusters in mRCC patients. Additionally, two distinct cytotoxic states, CD4+GZMK+ T cells with weak cytotoxic activity and CD4+GZMB+ T cells with strong cytotoxic activity, were identified in mRCC patients. Both regulatory T cells and CD4+ CTLs were derived from proliferating CD4+ T cells in mRCC tissues. Moreover, trajectory analysis showed that weak cytotoxic CD4+GZMK+ T cells differentiated from higher cytotoxic CD4+GZMB+ T cells. Higher CD4 + CTLs abundance group showed better prognosis in the CheckMate 009, 010, and 025 immunotherapy cohorts.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that intratumoral CD4+ CTLs may play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity and could serve as a potential marker for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in mRCC patients.
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Gene Polymorphism (PCSK9) in Coronary Heart Diseases
Authors: Eldin Ahmed Mohammad Taki , Saeed Nancy Mahsoup , Osman Adel Mohammad , Almenshawy Ahmed Saad , El-Farahaty Reham Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Background
Genetic variation in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene has been identified as an important determinant of plasma LDL-C and the severity of coronary heart disease.
Aim
The aim of the study was to study the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of PCSK9 E670G (rs505151) and CAD.
Patients andMethods
The present study is a case‒control study conducted on patients recruited from Internal Medicine Specialized Hospital (Cardiology Department), Mansoura University, from July 2019 to August 2020. One hundred patients with coronary heart disease, in addition to 100 apparently healthy age- and sex-matched subjects, were recruited from outpatient clinics to act as the control group (non-CAD).
Results
The AG genotype was significantly associated with higher TG than the AA genotype, while TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and non-HDL-C did not differ significantly between genotypes among the studied CAD groups. However, there was a nonsignificantly higher frequency of high risk levels of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C in the AG genotype than in the AA genotype in CAD cases. Furthermore, no significant difference was found regarding family history, DM, hypertension, BMI, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and non-HDL-C between the PCSK9 genotypes in the CAD group.
Conclusion
PCSK9 AG genotype and G allele carriers were significantly associated with a potential risk of CAD development. Furthermore, the presence of a risk allele could provide information regarding targeted preventive intervention (PCSK9 inhibitors).
Clinical study on the effect of malpositioned condylar reconstruction on temporomandibular joint
Authors: Wang Kexin , He Zongxuan , Yang Xiaochen , Shang Wei , Wang Lin
Published: December 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to propose the types of mandibular and condylar defects by analyzing the unsatisfactory cases of mandibular reconstruction in clinical practice, and to provide some clinical experience of reconstruction.
Materials and Methods: We innovatively proposed a "VSCU" classification system (V: vertical position, S: sagittal position, C: coronal position, U: condylar resection is not required) by analyzing CT scans of mandibular branches and temporomandibular joints.
Results: We classified 23 patients with unsatisfactory mandibular reconstruction according to the "VSCU" classification system. The most common type was U + V + SfC (n = 8), then V - SfC + U + (n = 4), V - s + C + U + (n = 3), V - sbcou - (n = 3), V - SBC + U + (n = 2), V - s + C + U - (n = 1). The most common classification was insufficient mandibular rami length, followed by condylar sagittal anteriorization.
Conclusion: Therefore, we propose to use the "VSCU" classification system for accurate three-dimensional analysis and positioning, and then obtain accurate models through CAD/CAM, which can reduce the occurrence of poor reconstruction effect and unreasonable joint position.
Estimate the prevalence of daily caffeine consumption, Caffeine Use Disorder, Caffeine Withdrawal and harm in Iran: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abdoli Fatemeh , Davoudi Mohammadreza , Momeni Fereshteh , Djafari Farhang , Dolatshahi Behrouz , Hosseinzadeh Samaneh , Aliyaki Hajar , Khalili Zahra
Published: December 2023

Introduction
: One of the informal diagnoses in DSM-5 is Caffeine Use Disorder (CUD). Recent studies found that CUD and high levels of caffeine consumption could impact a large amount of the population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CUD, caffeine consumption, caffeine-related harms, and related psychiatric symptoms in Iran.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 1228 adults was conducted in Iran. Caffeine consumption was assessed across 20 products. Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms Questionnaire (CWSQ), 14-item Caffeine-related Harm Screening (CHS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) were used in the present study.
Results
The daily average caffeine consumption was 146.67mg. The prevalence of CUD and caffeine withdrawal (CW) were estimated at 19.5% and 46.62%, respectively. Also, 12.9% of responders received CUD and CWs simultaneously. The prevalence of CUD was higher in men than females (25.08% vs. 13.93%). 95% of participants (n = 1166) reported using at least one caffeine product yesterday. Moreover, the most reported caffeine-related harms were the desire for sugar (42.9%), insomnia (39.3%), and caffeine dependence (38.3%). Age significantly correlates with CUD (-.07) and daily caffeine intake (0.08). Moreover, all SCL-90 subscales had a significant correlation with daily caffeine intake. Finally, responders at younger ages reported higher levels of CUD and caffeine consumption than older adults(P < 0.05).
Conclusion
High rates of CW and CUD in the Iranian population suggest that it is necessary to develop evidence-based treatments.
The value of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in predicting the response and prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma to concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: 平 鹏彬 , Li Juan , Xu Xiaoying
Published: December 2023

Background
In recent years, abnormalities in plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) have been proven to be related to the risk of cancer, but their prognostic value for cancer is not clear. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the response and prognostic significance of plasma omega-3 PUFAs in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between omega-3 PUFAs and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag).
Methods
The 89 patients with CSCC who underwent CCRT were evaluated retrospectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent predictors related to complete response (CR) after CCRT. A Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier analysis were utilized to perform survival analysis.
Results
After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high level of plasma EPA was independently correlated with an increased incidence of CR after CCRT (odds ratio (OR), 0.980; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.962–0.999, P = 0.038). With a median follow-up of 41.3 months, the CSCC patients in the high EPA (≥ 58.0 nmol/mL) group exhibited longer OS and PFS. In the multivariate analysis, pretreatment plasma EPA was an independent prognostic factor for PFS in patients with CSCC who underwent CCRT (hazard ratio (HR), 0.249; 95% CI, 0.079–0.780, P = 0.017). However, it was not an independent prognostic factor of OS. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between pretreatment SCC-Ag (pre SCC-Ag) and EPA (r =-0.305, P = 0.004), and a weak negative correlation between posttreatment SCC-Ag (post SCC-Ag) and EPA (r =-0.251, P = 0.018).
Conclusion
Plasma omega-3 PUFAs are related to the response and survival outcome of patients with CSCC who underwent CCRT. Pretreatment plasma EPA may be a promising biomarker to predict the response and prognosis of patients with CSCC who undergo CCRT. In addition, the pretreatment plasma EPA level presented a negative correlation with the SCC-Ag level.
Cosmic Ionizing Radiation Exposures on Aircraft and its Impact depending on some definite selected paths
Authors: Seoud Mohamed Saad , Shams Hasan M. , Salama Safwat
Published: December 2023

The assessment of the exposure to cosmic radiation onboard aircraft is one of the preoccupations of bodies responsible for radiation protection. Cosmic particle flux is significantly higher onboard aircraft than at ground level and its intensity depends on the solar activity. The dose is usually estimated using codes validated by the experimental data. In this paper, a comparison of the radiation dose on 30 one-way flights between Kuwait and Egypt was organized. A survey meter IMI Inspector Alert model (IA-V2) Geiger Counter, as well as personal dosimeter detectors [(EPD) and (RAD-60S / RADOS)], were used in this work. Good agreement was observed for instruments determining the different components of the radiation field; the mean ambient dose equivalent for the one-way flying was 8.4 µSv and Absorbed Dose rate was 3.6 µSv/hr. The agreement of values obtained for the total dose obtained by measurements and by calculations is very satisfying.
Evaluation of effect of ketamine combined with different sedative and anesthetic drugs in children's short surgery
Authors: Zheng Xiangli , Fu Qiang , Lu Liangyuan , Zhang Qianqian , Yang Zhanmin , Lin Yanjun
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE
To study anesthesia effect and safety of ketamine combined with dexmedetomidine in short surgery in children.
Methods
Selected 60 cases of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I ~ II grades, children with short surgery, aged 2 ~ 7 years, weighing 10 ~ 30kg, and divided into three groups according to random double-blind method, 20 cases in each. All patients received intramuscular injection of ketamine 4–5 mg • kg", atropine 0.01 mg • kg" and midazolam 0.05 mg • kg" before operation. After child enters operating room, he/she will be given oxygen inhalation by mask with oxygen flow rate of 1 ~ 2L/min, and establish a venous pathway. He/she will be given 10% glucose injection 100ml intravenous drip. A: ketamine 1.5 mg • kg "was given intravenously before skin incision, and same amount of normal saline was continuously pumped intravenously; B: ketamine 1.5 mg • kg was given intravenously before skin incision, and dexmedetomidine was pumped intravenously at a load of 0.5µg • kg for 15 min, and then operation was completed at a speed of 0.25 pg • kg • h '; C: Ketamine 1.5 mg/kg was given intravenously before skin incision, and dexmedetomidine was pumped intravenously at a load of 1µg • kg for 15 min, then operation was completed at a speed of 0.5 pg • kg • h '. During operation, 1.5 mg • kg ketamine was given intravenously and intermittently according to degree of anesthesia and surgical stimulation of children. During perioperative period, ECG, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (\(Sp{O_2}\)) of children were continuously monitored, and dose of ketamine added during operation, postoperative waking time and sedation degree score (Ramsay sedation score), as well as preoperative and postoperative blood glucose values were recorded.
Results
There was no change in \(Sp{O_2}\) during perioperative period; The MAP and HR increased during perioperative period. Compared with increase of MAP and HR, A > B > C, but no difference between A and B, and a difference between A and C; Compared with dosage of additional phenone, dosage of A was much higher than B and C; The Ramsay sedation scores of children after operation showed that A < B < C; The recovery time of children in C was longer than A and B; Compared blood glucose changes before and after operation, A was higher than B and C.
Conclusion
Dextrmedetomidine pumped with 0.5µg · kg load and 0.25µg · kg maintenance can reduce occurrence of restlessness after ketamine operation without respiratory inhibition, and has no effect on recovery time after operation, and can inhibit stress of hand operation to a certain extent. It can be safely used for anesthesia of children's short operation.
Structural Inference on the Fréchet Distribution Based on the Dual Generalized Order Statistics
Authors: Maswadah M.
Published: December 2023

Structural inference has been applied to the Fréchet distribution based on the dual generalized order statistics. The coverage rate and the covering symmetry of the structural intervals have been derived. Some statistical measures for the parameters, such as mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, have been studied for different values of the shape parameter via Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the structural method that was developed here.
Intergalactic Interactions - Network Biology in Rodents from Spaceflight and Terra Firma
Authors: Hacking Sean M. , Sargin Zeynep Ecem
Published: December 2023

This study, utilizing data from the NASA Gene Lab Data Repository, investigates the impact of spaceflight on rodents, analyzing changes in lung, colorectal, and skin tissues. We examined RNA-seq data from rodents that had experienced space flight, comparing them with control groups that remained on Earth. Our focus was to better decipher the molecular alterations induced by the unique conditions of space. A comprehensive initial cohort of rodents was selected, ensuring the integrity and completeness of genomic data. We employed Proteinarium, a sophisticated multi-sample analysis tool, to explore and compare protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks between space flight-exposed and control rodents. This approach allowed us to identify significant clusters and distinct PPI networks in the space flight group, which were not present in the control group. Our results revealed that space flight leads to unique molecular changes, with certain genes becoming upregulated in response to the extraterrestrial environment. These changes were tissue-specific, indicating varied physiological responses across different organ systems. We also identified distinct gene hub targets for drug repurposing, which could be evaluated in future studies. The present study contributes to a deeper understanding of how spaceflight affects living organisms at the molecular level, providing insights that could inform future space missions and enhance our knowledge of biological systems in spaceflight environments.
Media Events as a Tool for Constructing Media Reality (A Case Study of russian Propaganda)
Authors: But Kristina
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The full-scale russian invasion has led to the temporary occupation of hundreds of Ukrainian cities and villages in Zaporizhzhia region. In September 2022, russians conducted so-called referendums in the newly occupied territories, aimed at attempting to legitimize the seizure of sovereign Ukrainian territory.
In their efforts to advance occupation policy, shape a positive image among local residents, and garner international support, russians actively use propaganda and construct a media reality regarding the newly occupied lands. A wide range of tools is used for its creation, including media events.
Relevance of the study. As media events significantly influence public opinion formation, we consider it relevant to analyze their role in constructing media reality, using example of the temporarily occupied territories of Zaporizhzhia region.
Methodology. The research used such methods monitoring, methods of analysis and synthesis, and systematization. To achieve the research objective, materials from pro-russian Telegram channels in Zaporizhzhia region were reviewed: Zaporizhzhia Vestnik, Vladimir Rogov, #YouthSouth for the period from June to September 2022.
Results. It has been determined that media events are used for constructing media reality, as they have an impact on shaping public opinion. Additionally, it has been identified that among the media events utilized by russian propagandists in the Zaporizhzhia region are flash mobs, exhibitions, campaigns, cleanup activities, concerts, volunteer events, talent shows, and agitation. The analysis of these media events indicates that their primary objective is to foster loyalty toward russia among Ukrainians in the temporarily occupied territories and create a fake legitimization of the occupation.
Conclusions. We analyzed the russian media reality, constructed for influencing citizens of temporarily occupied territories. We believe that understanding the role of media events in constructing media reality serves as a supplementary means of comprehending media environment in the temporarily occupied territories and for the future reintegration of residents.
Keywords: propaganda, media reality, media events, public events, temporarily occupied territories of the Zaporizhzhia region.
A new integrable structure associated to the Camassa-Holm peakons
Authors: Avan Jean , Frappat Luc , Ragoucy Eric
Published: December 2023

We provide a closed Poisson algebra involving the Ragnisco-Bruschi generalization of peakon dynamics in the Camassa-Holm shallow-water equation. This algebra is generated by three independent matrices. From this presentation, we propose a one-parameter integrable extension of their structure. It leads to a new NN-body peakon solution to the Camassa-Holm shallow-water equation depending on two parameters. We present two explicit constructions of a (non-dynamical) rr-matrix formulation for this new Poisson algebra. The first one relies on a tensorization of the NN-dimensional auxiliary space by a 4-dimensional space. We identify a family of Poisson commuting quantities in this framework, including the original ones. This leads us to constructing a second formulation identified as a spectral parameter representation.
Computational Insight and Anticancer Effect of Cinnamic Acid-Derivative Amide Compounds
Authors: Alarcón-López Aldo , Hernández-Serda Manuel , Aguirre-Vidal Pablo , Cárdenas-Granados Luis , Vázquez-Valadez Víctor , Martínez‑Soriano Pablo , Briseño-Lugo Paola , Velázquez-Sánchez Ana , Rul-Ramírez Elizabeth , Jiménez-Jiménez María Luisa , Becerril-Ricco Jared , Adán-Ladrón de Guevara Alhel , Tinajero-Rodríguez José Manuel , Ortiz Elizabeth , Ángeles Enrique
Published: December 2023

In this research, a meticulous screening process was conducted using four servers: Drug Target Explorer, Swiss Target Predictor, SEA Predictor, and Target Hunter. The primary objective was to identify a series of potential biological targets related to the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis in cancer cells using cinnamic acid derivatives. This study focused on five specific targets, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10), mitogenactivated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), all of which are well known to play a significant role in cancer cell dynamics. To explore both molecular recognition and molecular dynamics, a series of in silico investigations (docking and molecular dynamics) were carried out using a collection of 14 cinnamic acid derivatives, including cinnamic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as a notable reference molecule due to its widely recognized anticancer effects. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro data revealed a potentially promising cytotoxic effect of (E)-N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]- 3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide (LQM755) on a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS cells), which are characterized by the overexpression of the MMP9 protein. Therefore, the chemical compound LQM755 provides an initial perspective in the field of cancer therapy.
Characteristics of "Eco Green Concrete" concrete with locagramic additional materials
Authors: Supardi Iwan , Syahrani Deny , Rasiwan Rasiwan , Abduh M. , Rabihati Etty , Riyanti Rika
Published: December 2023

Commonly used concrete is made from a mixture of fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (gravel), cement, and water. These constituent materials come from nature and have been processed and selected according to their needs. As time passes, the widespread use of concrete as a construction material can disrupt the balance of the surrounding environment, given the reduction in the ingredients of concrete available in nature. Therefore, we need an innovation that can be a choice in using concrete without destroying our natural resources, usually called Green Concrete or Eco Green Concrete. In other words, the level in this research is an appropriate technology for replacing building materials. The problem is how much influence the percentage of glass bottle powder, ceramic powder, and granite powder waste has in achieving the slump test value and the planned increase in compressive strength. Know the compressive strength of concrete using added Lokagrmic waste (glass bottle powder, ceramic powder waste, and granite powder waste).
Orchidaceae in the Parque Natural Municipal da Restinga de Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Fajardo Villela Antolin Barberena Felipe , Da Silva Sousa Tainan , Roque Nádia
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims: Bahia is one of the Brazilian states with the greatest diversity of orchids. Species restricted to microhabitats or forming small populations, being subject to local suppression, have been reported for restingas of the state. The north coast of Bahia has recently been exposed to intense anthropic pressures, including disordered occupation of land and predatory tourism. In order to encourage the adoption of regional conservation strategies, we carried out a survey of the orchid flora in the Parque Natural Municipal da Restinga de Praia do Forte (PNMR Praia do Forte), a fragment of restinga on the north coast of the state.
Methods: Field work was conducted monthly from September 2016 to December 2017, and in July 2020 and August 2022, by employing the walking survey method. We consulted collections of the herbaria ALCB, HRB, HUEFS, and RB in person, as well as digital images of type specimens deposited in European herbaria and the Environmental Information Reference Center database. Phenological and distribution data of the species in the phytophysiognomies of PNMR Praia do Forte were mostly obtained in the field.
Key results: Orchidaceae is represented by 14 genera and 16 species in the PNMR Praia do Forte, most of which are native to the Neotropics (14 spp., including eight endemic to Brazil), mainly terrestrial (six spp.), occurring exclusively in restinga forest formations (eight spp.). Epistephium williamsii, Gomesa barbata, Oeceoclades maculata, Pachygenium parvum, Polystachya concreta and Prescottia leptostachya (restricted to Bahia state) form small populations (<50 individuals).
Conclusions: The orchid flora of the PNMR Praia do Forte, especially the aforementioned species, requires the attention from managers, in order to implement possible management and conservation actions and prevent them from being suppressed locally. We suggest greater surveillance actions in the park and environmental education actions among local residents and tourists.
Beginning of the Liberation of Romania: on the Question of the Completion Date of the Uman-Botoshan Offensive Operation of the 2nd Ukrainian Front (1944)
Authors: Grishina A. S.
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the research topic lies in the need at the current stage of aggravation of international relations to resist the increasing attempts to falsify the history of the Great Patriotic War, its course, results and results. The liberation mission of the Red Army in Europe began with the Uman-Botoshan offensive operation of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, during which Soviet troops reached the state border of the USSR and began to liberate Romania. The question of the completion date of the operation is associated with an objective assessment of its result, as opposed to a number of biased positions that exist in domestic and foreign historical science.

The purpose of the study is to establish the end date of the Uman-Botosha offensive operation of the 2nd Ukrainian Front (1944).

Objectives: to identify the existing chronology options for the Uman-Botosha operation in Soviet, Russian and foreign historiography, to compare and evaluate their validity.

Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency. The author used a complex of general scientific and special historical methods in his work: analytical, critical, comparative historical, problem-chronological, retrospective.

Results. It has been established that in the research, encyclopedic, reference literature of the period of the late 1950s early 2020s. three different dates for the end of the operation appear: April 6, April 17 and May 6, 1944. In addition, a number of domestic and foreign historians introduced the concepts of the Targu-Frumos frontal offensive operation and the First Iasi-Chisinau strategic offensive operation, the scale and timing of the which do not coincide with each other, but overlap with the most common dating options for the Uman-Botosha offensive operation.

Conclusions. The author sees the possibility of resolving the subject-chronological problem that has developed in historiography in a new appeal to archival and published documentary materials.
Train Collision Prevention Using RF
Authors: Bhawarthi Amruta A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Railway transportation plays a crucial role in modern society, transporting millions of passengers and goods across vast distances. Ensuring the safety of train operations is of utmost importance to prevent collisions and accidents. This research paper presents a Train Collision Prevention using RF module (TCP) designed to enhance train safety by providing a wireless communication mechanism between trains to avoid collisions. Traditional train signaling systems have limitations, such as human errors and inadequate response times, which can lead to accidents. The proposed TCP utilizes advanced wireless technologies to transmit red signals wirelessly, ensuring timely and reliable communication between trains. The system architecture includes onboard units, base stations, and train-to-train communication protocols. Signal strength and reliability are analyzed through simulations and field tests, demonstrating the system's effectiveness in preventing collisions. The TCP is implemented with suitable hardware components and software development, ensuring seamless integration with existing train control systems. Results indicate improved safety, reduced human errors, and enhanced operational efficiency. The system addresses challenges such as interference and scalability, employing strategies like frequency hopping and encryption. Privacy and security concerns are addressed through authentication mechanisms and data protection. The TCP offers significant benefits, including real-time communication, reduced reliance on physical infrastructure, and the prevention of collisions. Future research directions include integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques and exploring advanced wireless technologies. The research contributes to the field of railway safety and signaling systems, emphasizing the importance of wireless communication for collision avoidance in trains. The system is very easy to implement and maintain and also can be customized to fit the specific needs of different railway crossings. By reducing the risk of accidents, this system can save lives and improve the overall safety of railway transportation.
Ballot and Beyond: Exploring Blockchain Voting
Authors: Hingne Yaduraj
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The conventional voting system faces widespread distrust, necessitating a shift towards democratic voting in nations. The suggested platform offers a framework that can be used to perform blockchain-based digital voting without the need for actual polling places. Our suggested design makes use of adaptable consensus algorithms to enable a scalable blockchain. The voting process can be made more secure by the voting system’s application of the Chain Security Algorithm. In the process of carrying out a transaction in the chain, smart contracts offer a safe connection between the user and the network. It has also been argued how secure the voting mechanism based on blockchain is. Furthermore, elaborated are the methods for preventing 51 percent attack on the blockchain and encrypting transactions using cryptographic hashes. Additionally, using Blockchain, the procedure for conducting blockchain transactions during the voting process has been developed. Ultimately, the suggested system’s performance review demonstrates that a sizable population can use the system. In conclusion the proposed blockchainbased voting system aims to build trust between government and voters, make the voting process transparent and trustworthy, and improve the level of the electoral system’s reliability, traceability, and trust.
METHODS OF RESTORATION OF COULTERS FOR APPLYING FERTILIZERS TO SOIL
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, LYALYAKIN V.P. , AULOV V.F. , ROZHKOV YU.N. , EVSYUKOV A.A.
Published: December 2023

One of the most important working bodies of a grain planter, ensuring the quality of sowing, is a coulter for applying fertilizers to the soil. The wear of anchor coulters is a common problem for all modern tillage and sowing machines. Currently, it is advisable to restore worn-out coulters and subject them to hardening in order to reduce the cost of purchasing spare parts, including foreign ones. The most rational method of restoring coulters is HDPE boration. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the wear of coulters for applying fertilizers to the soil, as well as methods of their restoration. (Materials and methods) Anchor coulters made of 20GL steel were investigated. It was noted that the forms of wear in different parts of the working body have wedge-shaped and sickle-shaped forms; wear occurs on the front surface and on the lateral thickenings, which are necessary for sealing seeds. Various methods of restoring coulters were analyzed, such as electric spark alloying, chemical-thermal treatment, electromechanical treatment, HDPE boration, sputtering, surfacing, diffusion saturation, electrocontact welding. (Results and discussion) It was determined that the most promising method of restoring coulters is HDPE boration due to high productivity, low costs and high wear resistance of the coating. The relative wear resistance of the sample after HDPE boration is six times greater than the reference sample. Due to this, coulters with such a coating are less exposed to abrasive wear and retain their performance longer. (Conclusions) We analyzed the types of coulters, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. It was revealed that the coulters are most often subjected to abrasive wear. It was established that HDPE boration is the most rational method of restoring anchor coulters.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIESEL FUEL QUALITY ON THE RESOURCE OF ENGINE AND ENGINE OIL
Authors:   Stavropol State Agrarian University, BAGANOV N.A. , GRITSAY D.I. , IVANOV A.I. , ISAEV N.I. , RADCHENKO A.E. ,   Navigator Plus Limited Liability Company
Published: December 2023

With an increase in the operating time of the machine, the properties of engine oils are constantly changing due to operating conditions, the effects of various factors, pressures and temperatures, as well as the actual condition of the engine systems and mechanisms that come into contact with the oil. To ensure the smooth operation of the internal combustion engine, it is necessary to monitor various oil indicators, including the determination of wear metals. (Research purpose) The research purpose is theoretically determining the influence of diesel fuel quality on the resource of engine and engine oil. (Materials and methods) It was found that increased wear of contact friction pairs, primarily the cylinder-piston group and the crank mechanism, begins when the permissible content of mechanical impurities in engine oil is exceeded. Basically, these are small particles of abrasives that have passed through the filter, which are formed in part of the carbon. It was noted that they are a fairly hard abrasive and quickly wear out piston rings, bushings, bearings. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that negative changes in the physico-chemical properties of engine oil, a high concentration of wear elements are due to the use of high-sulfur fuel, the sulfur concentration of which in the diesel fuel used exceeds the permissible limits by more than 1000 times. In this regard, the effective, neutralizing properties of the lubricant were exhausted many times faster. It was noted that the high concentration of sulfur caused increased wear of the contact friction pairs of engine parts. (Conclusions) The use of low-sulfur fuel in the operation of a diesel engine will increase the life of the oil and engine. The annual number of oil changes will decrease, therefore, the cost of operating the car will be reduced. Receiving timely information about impurities in engine oil warns of emerging problems in the engine. This will help to avoid serious repairs and high costs and will lead to significant savings for the fleet.
PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF ELECTRIC EROSION POWDER FROM WASTE OF R18 TOOL STEEL
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, KARPENKO N.N. , LATYPOVA G.R. ,   Southwestern State University, AGEEVA E.V. , KARPENKO V.YU.
Published: December 2023

Currently, one of the promising methods of processing metal waste is electroerosive dispersion, which allows to obtain metal powder, including from the waste of tool steel P18. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is studying the properties and composition of the electroerosive powder obtained from the waste of P18 tool steel. (Materials and methods) Carried out grinding of waste steel P18 on an experimental installation by the method of electroerosive dispersion to obtain new powder materials. The process of electroerosive dispersion was carried out under certain installation modes. The granulometric composition of the particles of this powder was studied using the Analysette 22 NanoTec laser particle size analyzer. An experimental study was performed by dispersing ultrasound in a liquid. Metallography was studied using a Quanta 200 3D scanning electron microscope. X-ray spectral analysis was carried out using the scanning electron microscopy method with an energy-dispersion X-ray analyzer from EDAX, built into the Quanta 200 3D scanning electron microscope. The method of X-ray diffraction was used in X-ray diffraction analysis on a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer. (Results and discussion) It was shown that 50% of the powder particles correspond to the size of 44.13 micrometers. The elemental composition of the particles of the obtained metal powder from waste P18 was determined, the sample under study consists of the following chemical elements: carbon, oxygen, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, iron and tungsten. The main phases of the powder material under study were established: Fe2W2C, FeV, Fe3O4. (Conclusions) Obtaining, studying the properties and composition of an experimental metal powder makes it possible to assess its potential for use in the production of products with specified characteristics, as well as hardening, restoration of car parts and agricultural machinery.
COMPARATIVE FRICTION TESTS OF BRONZE COATINGS FROM SECONDARY MATERIALS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, ZADOROZHNIY R.N. , KUDRYASHOVA E.YU. , ROMANOV I.V.
Published: December 2023

Comparative tribotechnical studies of coated samples based on secondary composite materials on a friction machine is an important direction in the development of technologies to increase wear resistance and reduce friction in various industrial sectors. Secondary composite materials are obtained from production waste, which reduces costs and reduces the environmental burden. One of the examples of these materials are coatings obtained by welding and surfacing methods of electroerosive powders based on copper or a hard alloy from waste of tool industries or waste of non-ferrous metals and alloys. (Research purpose) The research purpose is performing a comparative analysis of tribotechnical properties of samples coated by secondary composite materials on a friction machine. (Materials and methods) Samples with a coating based on secondary materials and samples without a coating were produced for comparative studies. A machine was used to test materials for friction and wear AI 5018. (Results and discussion) It was found that coated samples based on secondary composite materials have higher wear resistance and less friction compared to uncoated samples. The coating based on secondary composite materials has a higher hardness and resistance to wear. It was found that with increasing load and sliding speed, the difference in wear resistance and friction between coated and uncoated samples increases. The coating based on secondary composite materials is particularly effective in conditions of high loads and sliding speeds. (Conclusions) Thus, comparative tribotechnical studies of coated samples based on secondary composite materials on a friction machine have shown that such coatings can be an effective way to increase wear resistance and reduce friction in various industrial sectors.
CHOICE OF BATTERIES FOR AN ELECTRIC MOBILE VEHICLE
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, YUFEREV L.YU. , SPOROV A.P.
Published: December 2023

Currently, there is an active use of electric transport, which is used on farms, performing a number of technological processes for keeping animals and growing plants. There is a need to change the technical characteristics of such transport, in particular, saving the charge of the traction battery using the run-out mode. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibilities and problems of the run-out mode used on a mobile agricultural vehicle, which uses an electric tractor T-16. (Materials and methods) Installed the main components of the tractor T-16 with electric drive: chassis; traction battery; control charger; electric drive, including multi-speed gearboxes. (Results and discussion) We developed a circuit for connecting the motor to a frequency converter with a run-out mode and conducted experimental studies. (Conclusions) It was found out that in order to ensure the idling mode of a mobile vehicle when the engine is disconnected from the frequency converter, it is necessary to control the frequency difference between the engine and the frequency converter, since a large difference can lead to significant overloads and the transfer of the frequency converter to error mode. Experimental studies of the dependence of starting currents on the frequency difference between the converter and the electric motor were carried out. Graphs were constructed that showed that based on the experiments conducted when using an 11 kilowatt-per-hour motor, the current values obtained would be 4 times greater, which would overload the frequency converter. They have shown that without additional methods and techniques, such a regime is dangerous to use and is not recommended. A variant of reducing the starting currents has been identified - this is the installation of an additional inductance between the motor and the frequency converter, with its correct selection according to the formula, the starting current can be reduced to the maximum permissible.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CULTIVATION OF TURNIP CV. LUNA IN HYDROPONICS WITH LED LIGHTING AND IN OPEN GROUND
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, BURYNIN D.A. , KACHAN S.A. , SMIRNOV A.A. , PROSHKIN YU.A.
Published: December 2023

Turnip root has a high nutritional value and a good taste. It contains biologically active components. At the moment, there is not enough information about the cultivation of turnips in closed agroecosystems (on hydroponics). (Research purpose) The research purpose is performing a comparative analysis of the cultivation of turnips in a protected agroecosystem and in the open ground, identifying the features of vegetation. (Materials and methods) Turnips of the Luna variety were grown in a closed agroecosystem with LED irradiation on two racks with a total area of 5.2 square meters equipped with hydroponic systems of periodic flooding, and in the open ground on an area of 40 square meters. The mass of the crude substance of the aboveground and underground parts was determined; the relative content of chlorophyll in the tops; the mass of dry matter; the content of nitrates; concentrations of sugars and other solid dissolved substances in root crops. Elemental analysis of root crops was performed for four elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na). We applied the methods of a systematic approach. (Results and discussion) It was found that the raw mass of the underground part of turnips grown on hydroponics and in the open ground had no statistically significant differences; the dry mass of the substance, the content of sugars and other solids in root crops grown in the open ground were 14 percent higher. It was found that the nitrate content in root crops grown in the open ground is 57 percent lower compared to hydroponics. It was shown that the irradiation intensity of 180 micromoles per second per square meter has become the main limiting factor for the accumulation of nutrients in turnip root crops on hydroponics. (Conclusions) The possibility of growing turnips on hydroponics at an irradiation intensity of 180 micromoles per second per square meter was stated. There are two ways to increase the nutritional value, improve the taste qualities and reduce the nitrate content in turnip roots in a closed agroecosystem: an increase in light intensity and photoperiod.
POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION FOR REMOTE RURAL SETTLEMENTS WITH SOLAR THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, TRUNOV S.S. , KHIMENKO A.V. , TIKHOMIROV D.A. , KUZMICHEV A.V.
Published: December 2023

The analysis of scientific research, which presents thermoelectric technologies based on solar energy, capable of satisfying not only the need for electricity production, but also contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection, is carried out. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a structural diagram of an electric power supply installation with thermoelectric generators for remote rural settlements and objects of the agro-industrial complex with a solar concentrator and a solid-state thermal accumulator, calculating the main characteristics of the elements of the proposed installation with a solar thermoelectric generator. (Materials and methods) Conducted a patent search on the websites of the Eurasian Patent Organization, Rospatent and Google Patents. The available calculated dependences were analyzed to determine the main thermal characteristics of the elements of the proposed structural scheme of the power supply installation. The results of theoretical and experimental studies devoted to the development of power supply systems based on thermoelectric generators in combination with photovoltaic panels, solar concentrators and heat pipes have been demonstrated, which allow us to conclude that the creation of solar thermoelectric generators is relevant. (Results and discussion) A design was developed and a description of the operation of an electric power supply unit with a solar thermoelectric generator and heat pipes transmitting thermal energy from a solar concentrator through a solid-state thermal accumulator to a thermoelectric generator was presented. (Conclusions) Proposed a block diagram of the installation of a solar thermoelectric generator for remote settlements in combination with a solid-state heat accumulator and heat pipes that transmit thermal energy from a solar concentrator. Expressions were given for calculating the main thermal characteristics of the elements of the proposed installation with a solar thermoelectric generator (solar concentrator and solid-state thermal accumulator), as well as the efficiency and output electrical power of a thermoelectric power generator.