bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovators and transformers: enhancing supply chain employee training with an innovative application of a large language model
Authors: Gezdur Arda , Bhattacharjya Jyotirmoyee
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The application of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has the potential to transform supply chain management (SCM) practice. This study focuses on the role of GenAI, specifically large language models (LLMs), in enhancing the training efficiency and outcomes for supply chain employees.

Design/methodology/approach

An intervention-based research approach is used to implement a novel LLM-based methodology for improving both the training process for new employees and the continuous knowledge acquisition experience for existing staff in the supply chain function of an eyewear company.

Findings

The preliminary findings show that incorporating an LLM significantly improved the efficiency of the training process and reduced the training cost for employees by 25%. New employees could access relevant information swiftly, reducing training time and enhancing the quality of training. Notable outcomes included faster knowledge acquisition, personalized learning pathways and continuous improvement through user feedback.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by establishing a foundational framework for leveraging LLMs for knowledge management and process automation within SCM. It offers actionable insights for SCM practitioners, highlighting opportunities to adopt LLM-powered methodologies for optimizing training processes, improving decision-making and automate SCM tasks.
Exploring the relative marginal effects of household expenditure components on inequality in Chad using decomposition techniques
Authors: Demsou Themoi , Ningaye Paul
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Improving household consumption and reducing inequality are among the goals of developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the relative marginal effects of components of household expenditure on total inequality.

Design/methodology/approach

We use the Lerman and Yitzhaki method, which allows us to determine the impact of marginal changes on inequality. The data used are from consumption surveys of 6,695 households in 2003, 9,259 households in 2011 and 7,493 households in 2018.

Findings

We observed that spending inequality widened to 0.410 in 2003, 0.420 in 2011 and 0.411 in 2018. Food expenditure during the three periods accounted for most of the variance in total consumption expenditure. The largest impact of a marginal change in spending components on overall inequality was due to transport, communication, recreation and culture, education and miscellaneous goods and services (positive effect) and alcohol and tobacco and expenditure on housing (negative effect).

Originality/value

This study is the first to decompose Chad’s Gini coefficient into its components, taking into account their relative marginal effects on total inequality. Income inequality, calculated by the World Bank from the Survey of Budget Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, does not reveal the effects and policies specific to its components. This study could fill this gap in the literature on income inequality.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-07-2024-0537.
Assessing the nexus of label content and consumer reviews: insights from premium wines on Vivino
Authors: Rocuant Fuentes Camila , Rita Paulo , Antonio Nuno
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between wine label content and consumer reviews on Vivino, focusing on how label information compares to consumer perceptions and purchase decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses text mining, image mining and topic modeling techniques to analyze a data set of 444 highly rated Portuguese wines and 993,945 consumer reviews from Vivino. It examines the overlap between topics discussed in consumer reviews and the information provided on wine labels.

Findings

The findings reveal that wine labels have a limited similarity with consumer reviews. While consumer reviews primarily emphasize sensory characteristics like fruitiness and tannins, wine labels focus more on descriptive and technical information.

Originality/value

This research provides new insights into the dynamic relationship between wine labeling and consumer behavior. By analyzing the alignment between traditional wine labels and online consumer reviews, the study offers valuable implications for wineries seeking to optimize label design to match consumer preferences, particularly sensory attributes better. This study extends existing research and highlights critical gaps in how wine labels convey essential sensory information to consumers.
Study on the surface quality of 10% vol Mg2Si/Al composites after solution treatment
Authors: Lv Guangchao , Gao Qi , Wang Quanzhao
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To improve the surface quality of Mg2Si/Al composites after solution treatment, the formation mechanism of surface defects under milling machining conditions is investigated to reduce the surface roughness.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzes the formation mechanism of surface defects on Mg2Si/Al composites under micro-milling conditions by establishing a two-dimensional finite element simulation model. Response surface (Box–Behnken) experiments are designed to establish a prediction model for surface roughness, and an analysis of extreme variance is used to investigate the effects of milling depth (ap), spindle speed (vs) and feed rate (vf) on surface quality. NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to optimize the process parameters by considering surface roughness and milling efficiency. Experiments are also applied to verify the relationship between surface defects and particle damage. The effect of depth of cut on surface defects is also investigated.

Findings

There are few studies on solid solution treated Mg2Si/Al composites. Solid solution treated Mg2Si/Al composites have excellent material properties without changing the original shape of the material, and they are indispensable and critical materials in the fields of aerospace, energy, electronic information and energy transportation.

Originality/value

This study elucidates the formation mechanism of surface damage in Mg2Si/Al composites, optimizes reasonable process parameters and provides technical guidance for its milling processing.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2024-0309/
Thermal analysis of exciter rolling bearing based on heat flow coupling
Authors: Han Xiaoming , Zhang He , Yang Kangjian
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the temperature rise characteristics of vibrating rolling bearings under the influence of the polarization force of unbalanced eccentric blocks. A thermal-fluid-solid mechanics coupled finite element model is established to analyze the effects of different loads and rotational speeds on bearing temperature to prevent overheating, wear and thermal damage.

Design/methodology/approach

A thermal-fluid-solid mechanics coupled finite element model of the vibrating rolling bearing is developed based on the principles of heat transfer. Finite element analysis software is used to conduct numerical simulations and study the temperature distribution of the bearing system under different loads and speeds. The model’s accuracy is verified by experimentally measuring the actual temperature of the bearing under the same working conditions.

Findings

This study successfully established a thermal-fluid-solid mechanics coupled finite element model of a vibrating rolling bearing, verifying its accuracy and reliability. The research results provide an essential reference for optimizing bearing design, preventing overheating and extending service life.

Research limitations/implications

By analyzing the temperature rise characteristics under various load and rotational speed conditions, the law governing the internal temperature distribution of bearings is revealed. This finding offers a theoretical foundation for comprehending the thermal behavior of bearings.

Practical implications

This study offers a scientific foundation for the maintenance and fault diagnosis of shaker rolling bearings, aiding in the timely identification and resolution of thermal damage issues. Through the optimization of bearing design and usage conditions, the equipment’s lifespan can be prolonged, maintenance expenses can be minimized and production efficiency can be enhanced.

Originality/value

A thermal-fluid-solid mechanics coupled finite element model of a vibrating rolling bearing was established, considering the interaction of multiple physical fields. The influence of the polarization force from the unbalanced eccentric block on the bearing temperature is analyzed in detail, which is close to the actual working conditions.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2024-0396/
Exploring the safe haven properties of sukuk: a machine learning and K-cluster perspective
Authors: ul Mustafa Atta
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the safe-haven properties of sukuk and analyze the co-movement and interdependence between sukuk and conventional bond indices to provide insights into the potential role of diversification.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses the data set from 2012 to 2022, retrieved from the Eikon Reuter database. Different machine learning tools such as decision trees, random forests, gradient boosting and deep neural networks have been applied to capture the non-linear relationship and co-movement among the variables. Furthermore, K-clustering captures the hidden patterns and periods of high and low co-movements.

Findings

The results state that the sukuk and conventional bond indices exhibit various degrees of co-movement influenced by regional and global market sentiments. The clustering analysis shows strong positive and negative correlations. The sukuk shows some instances of zero co-movement, but the results are inconsistent across all scenarios. Moreover, investors need to do their research first before investing in sukuk.

Originality/value

This study uniquely applies K-clustering and advanced machine learning tools to understand the nonlinear relationship among variables better. In contrast, the previous studies mainly focused on linear relationships. It is critical to understand that financial variables tend to have nonlinear relationships, and these techniques best suit those needs.
From values to value: exploring the dual impact of national spirit on corporate ESG performance
Authors: Tan Weijie , Liu Yiqian , Dong Qi , Chen Xihui Haviour
Published: January 2025

Purpose

National spirit, as a powerful legitimacy trait, shapes the consistency of a firm’s financial decisions, employee engagement and sustainability strategies. Combining this with resource-based view (RBV) theory, the study empirically examines the dual impact of national spirit on corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilizes data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022 and employs machine learning methods to construct enterprise-level indicators of national spirit. In addition, the paper scrapes nearly 3 million ESG-related online news articles from the Baidu news website and uses machine learning methods to measure media ESG attention and sentiment.

Findings

The findings reveal that national spirit significantly enhances corporate ESG performance, operating through both internal and external channels: promoting social financing and boosting employee morale. Further analysis indicates that the positive influence of national spirit on corporate ESG performance is more pronounced in private enterprises, companies facing higher levels of credit constraints and firms in polluting industries. Additionally, managerial shortsightedness weakens the sustainable value of national spirit, while external media ESG attention and regional ESG governance efforts further strengthen this effect. Furthermore, different dimensions of national spirit exhibit varying impacts on corporate ESG performance.

Practical implications

This study provides new insights for promoting sustainable development systems in emerging economies and understanding the role of national spirit in corporate social responsibility investments.

Originality/value

This paper shifts the study of national spirit from macro-level cultural analyses to a micro-level perspective. It bridges gaps in the literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of national spirit as a soft resource that influences corporate financial behavior and employee morale. This study provides new insights into promoting sustainable development systems in emerging economies and understanding the role of national spirit in corporate social responsibility investments.
The impact of digital technology on the economic behavior of traditional minority villages in China
Authors: Yang Yue , Zhang Liming , Xi Guoqian , Zhong Changbiao , Shu Ting
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how digital technology influences the happiness of villagers in traditional ethnic minority communities, with Waipula Village as a focal case study. Recognized as a forerunner in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Waipula Village exemplifies how digital innovation can transform rural communities.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an exploratory case study approach, the research reveals that digital technology enhances villagers’ happiness by improving market access, mitigating geographical limitations and fostering entrepreneurship and innovation.

Findings

In addition, digital technology has led to new consumption patterns and cultural values, significantly contributing to the village’s sustainable development and overall well-being.

Originality/value

This analysis expands the understanding of the role of digital technology in ethnic minority villages and offers valuable insights for rural revitalization strategies, highlighting its importance in enhancing happiness and preserving cultural heritage.
Integrating mindful organizing and organizational learning to enhance sustainability performance of exporting firms
Authors: Ullah Sami , Ahmad Tooba , Shahzad Khuram , Kukreti Mohit , Shaukat Muhammad Rehan , Sami Abdul
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Sustainability is a pressing global issue that affects everyone on the planet. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nuanced interplay between mindful organizing (MO), organizational learning capability (OLC), leadership commitment to sustainable development goals (SDGs) and sustainability performance, adopting the theoretical foundation of organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey data from 728 middle management employees of exporting firms in Pakistan were collected at two points. The mediated moderation analysis was performed through structural equation modeling in AMOS 26.

Findings

The results indicate a positive relationship between MO and sustainability performance. The mediating effect of OLC highlights that firms that acquire, assimilate and apply knowledge and insights leverage their MO strategies to improve sustainability performance more effectively. Additionally, the leadership commitment to SDGs amplifies the positive effect of OLC on sustainability performance.

Practical implications

These results have important implications for managers and policymakers who seek to promote sustainability in organizations. The findings suggest that cultivating a mindful organizational culture and investing in learning capability enhance sustainability performance. Exporting firms should develop comprehensive learning programs that embed mindfulness and sustainability into the core of organizational culture. More interdisciplinary research is needed to integrate insights from environmental science, psychology, management and organizational behavior.

Originality/value

This research stands out for its integrative approach, practical relevance, empirical examination of important concepts and alignment with global sustainability goals. Exporting firms must understand how organizational learning capabilities and MO can be harnessed to achieve sustainable outcomes.
Experimental investigation of wear behaviour of WC-10Co-4Cr-coated SS304 on slurry pot tester
Authors: Khullar Paras , Singh Gurmeet , Kumar Satish
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The paper aims to investigate the effects of slurry erosion on hydro turbine components, focusing on the experimental analysis of SS-304 using sand as the erodent material. The study was conducted on a tester under varying parameters to assess the material’s erosion behavior. In this work, the experimental investigation of SS-304 with sand was done with sand as the erodent material on a tester with various parameters. Further, the materials were made more resistant to wear by a WC-10Co-4Cr coating, done by the high-velocity oxygen fuel method. The mass loss of the specimens with and without coating was calculated. SEM was carried out on the specimens. The specimens with coating showed greater erosion resistance than the base material; however, wear mechanisms such as craters, lip formation, pores, etc. were discovered on the specimens.

Design/methodology/approach

The wear tests were carried out on the specimens with parameters of rotating speeds of 1,000, 1,150, 1,300 and 1,450 rpm; time duration 80, 130 and 180 min with sand concentrations of 30% and 50% in water. The base material was coated with WC-10Co-4Cr by the HVOF method of thermal spray.

Findings

In the results, it was observed that the wear resistance of the coated specimen increased significantly as compared to the uncoated material. Concentration proved to be the major factor influencing the wear erosion followed by rotational speed and time period. Various surface defects such as ploughing, crater formation, lip formation and micro-cutting were also found.

Originality/value

Slurry concentration was found to be the more dominant factor in increasing the wear of the specimens. The tests proved that the coating proved to be highly wear-resistant as compared to the uncoated base material and increased the wear resistance up to 3 times.
Deceptive Sex: Rethinking Consent from the Gender Margins
Authors: Sharpe Alex
Published: January 2025

This article argues that trans people who choose not to disclose, or who lie about, their gender history prior to sexual intimacy should not be prosecuted for sexual offences, at least not in the absence of a clear and express condition pertaining to cis status or biological sex. There are at least four ways of arriving at this outcome: by dispensing with the category of sexual deception; by rendering the category operative only where an express condition is laid down in advance of intimacy; by adopting a general theory of consent that uncouples trans deceptions from a conclusion of wrongness; or, finally, creating a legal exception in the case of trans people. After rejecting the first two approaches, the article considers three recent general accounts of consent offered by Chloë Kennedy, Emily Tilton and Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, and Victor Tadros. Ultimately, the article argues that the fourth approach offers the best way forward, drawing significantly on Tadros's theory to this end. In making the case, the article seeks to balance complainant sexual autonomy against three countervailing moral considerations: trans people's privacy, epistemic injustice, and the impact of deception on gender equality.
The eyes have it: Alcohol‐induced eye movement impairment and perceived impairment in older adults with and without alcohol use disorder
Authors: Didier Nathan , Cao Dingcai , King Andrea C.
Published: January 2025

Background

While alcohol has been shown to impair eye movements in young adults, little is known about alcohol‐induced oculomotor impairment in older adults with longer histories of alcohol use. Here, we examined whether older adults with chronic alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibit more acute tolerance than age‐matched light drinkers (LD), evidenced by less alcohol‐induced oculomotor impairment and perceived impairment.

Method

Two random‐order, double‐blinded laboratory sessions with administration of alcohol (0.8 g/kg) or placebo. Participants (n = 117; 55 AUD, 62 LD) were 40–65 years of age. Eye tracking outcomes (pupil size, smooth pursuit gain, pro‐ and anti‐saccadic velocity, latency, and accuracy) were measured at baseline and repeated at peak and declining breath alcohol intervals. Participants rated their perceived impairment during rising and declining intervals.

Results

Following alcohol consumption, older adults with AUD (vs. LD) showed less impairment on smooth pursuit gain and reported lower perceived impairment, but both groups showed similar pupil dilation and impairment on saccadic measures.

Conclusions

While alcohol impaired older adults with AUD less than LD in terms of their ability to track a predictably moving object (i.e., smooth pursuit), both drinking groups were equally sensitive to alcohol‐induced delays in reaction time, reductions in velocity, and deficits in accuracy to randomly appearing objects (i.e., saccade tasks). Thus, despite decades of chronic excessive drinking, older adults with AUD exhibited similar oculomotor tolerance on pro‐ and anti‐saccade eye movements relative to their light‐drinking counterparts. Given that these individuals also perceived less impairment during intoxication, they may be at risk for injury and harm when they engage in real‐life drinking bouts.
Suture material in pancreticojejunal anastomosis: a systematic review
Authors: Chung Douglas , Bakmiwewa Supun , Suthananthan Arul , Idrees Marwan
Published: January 2025

Background

Post‐operative pancreatic fistula is a common and morbid complication of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. While gastrointestinal anastomosis is typically performed using absorbable sutures, this issue has prompted experimentation with non‐absorbable sutures. This study aims to assess the available literature to provide recommendations on suture choice in this anastomosis.

Methods

Two independent reviewers performed searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Review. References were screened for additional articles. Articles comparatively assessing suture choice in pancreaticojejunal anastomosis were included.

Results

Of 2237 records screened, nine articles were included in this review. Suture materials assessed include polydioxanone, polyglactin 910, polyglycolic acid, polypropylene, polyester, silk, nylon, plain and chromic catgut, and polybutester. Clinical studies suggested polyester reduced rates of fistula formation. Ex vivo findings favoured polydioxanone and polyglactin 910. 5–0 was found to be favourable to 6–0 in duct‐to‐mucosa anastomosis with monofilament absorbable sutures. Barbed sutures were suggested to reduce fistula formation. Limitations were identified in many of the included articles.

Conclusion

There is limited research available on this topic, and it is not possible to strongly recommend any single suture as superior to others. Polyester is promising in clinical studies, and would benefit from further studies assessing validity. Polydioxanone and polyglactin 910 have rational indications for use. In particular, polydioxanone is suggested when poor healing is expected. Barbed sutures may reduce rates of fistula formation. More research is required to draw a strong conclusion.
Does Normothermic Machine Perfusion Still Provide an Advantage for Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation? A Systematic Review and Preliminary Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kauffman Hunter , Harter Sarah , Yamamoto Takayuki
Published: January 2025

Background

Patients with end‐stage renal disease often face prolonged waiting times for kidney transplants. Historically, the use of marginal kidneys was limited due to suboptimal preservation methods. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) preserves physiological activity during the preservation process, potentially improving graft function and viability, expanding the use of marginal kidneys. While preliminary results are promising, NMP has not yet undergone sufficient clinical trials to determine whether it offers advantages over more widely used techniques. The aim of this systematic review is to assess several outcomes between kidneys that underwent NMP compared to traditional preservation methods after kidney transplant.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials, case series, and studies comparing NMP with hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) or static cold storage (SCS) were included. The primary outcome assessed was delayed graft function (DGF). Secondary outcomes included primary non‐function (PNF), acute rejection, and 1‐year graft survival.

Results

Eight NMP studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis showed significant differences in DGF between NMP and control (HMP or SCS) groups (OR: 0.47 [0.22, 0.99], p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between NMP and controls for PNF, acute rejection, or 1‐year graft survival.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that NMP yields similar adverse outcome rates compared to traditional methods. Notably, NMP could be associated with reduced rates of DGF. While NMP is a promising technique for renal allograft preservation, further randomized controlled trials are necessary to definitively establish its benefits over conventional preservation methods.
Incorporating an Elevated Perfusion Index in the Right Hand Enhanced Screening Sensitivity for Critical Aortic Arch Obstruction in Newborn Infants
Authors: Lannering Katarina , Östman‐Smith Ingegerd , Mellander Mats
Published: January 2025

Aim

Newborn infants with critical aortic arch obstruction are often undiagnosed at discharge, despite screening. This study investigated if adding the perfusion index improved early detection.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 38 newborn infants with critical aortic arch obstruction, who were routinely screened in 2014–2019 by 13 Swedish hospitals using pulse oximetry and the perfusion index. They were identified through surgery records and national mortality databases. The controls were 512 healthy newborn infants from one hospital. Optimal perfusion index cut‐offs were determined using frequency distribution analysis.

Results

The groups had similar median gestational ages and birth weight. No infants with critical aortic arch obstruction were diagnosed just because of a positive perfusion index result. However, the right‐hand perfusion index was significantly higher in the cases than in controls (p < 0.001). A perfusion index of > 3%, or positive pulse oximetry or positive physical examination, yielded 76% sensitivity and 85% specificity, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (range 0.73–0.89, p < 0.0001). Pulse oximetry and just neonatal physical examinations had a lower sensitivity (45%, p = 0.009).

Conclusion

A high perfusion index in the right hand enhanced critical aortic arch obstruction screening and repeated measurements should be explored to minimise false positives.
Learning About Their Condition: The Gradual Path of Young People With Childhood‐Onset Motor Disabilities
Authors: Martin Charlotte , Akre Christina , Newman Christopher J.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Young people with childhood‐onset motor disabilities face unique challenges in understanding and managing their condition. This study explored how they learnt about their condition.

Method

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2023–2024 at a Swiss paediatric neurorehabilitation unit. Ten participants aged 15–24 years were recruited through purposive sampling, representing diverse conditions and socio‐educational backgrounds. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on interview transcripts.

Results

Four themes emerged. First, learning paths revealed that participants gradually acquired knowledge about their condition. Early explanations often involved parents and visual aids, with moments of awareness and evolving information needs shaping their learning over time. Second, building blocks of understanding showed that knowledge was constructed through interactions with physicians, therapists, parents, peers and the Internet. Third, interacting with healthcare professionals highlighted the importance of trust and continuity in relationships with healthcare professionals to support learning. Last, improving the learning process suggested strategies such as dedicated consultations for recapping information during adolescence and increasing disability awareness in schools.

Conclusion

Young people with motor disabilities require information and support tailored to their individual learning needs. Adapting these resources could enhance their understanding of their condition, supporting the development of their autonomy and self‐advocacy within healthcare.
Analytical Solutions for Steady‐State Oxygen Transport in Soil With Microbial and Plant Root Sinks
Authors: Cook Freeman J.
Published: January 2025

A complete model using analytical solutions for one‐dimensional oxygen transport from the atmosphere into soil with microbial and root sinks that builds on work over 30 years is developed. This new model uses concepts from a previously published model for one distributed sink and two sinks with a distributed (microbial) and line (root) sink. It removes the problem, in previous publications, of matching the flux at the joining point between the two sink solution where the root sink ceases and the single sink at a finite depth. Analytical solutions are developed for integer values of p = Zr/Zm, where Zm is the scaling depth for microbial respiration and Zr is the scaling depth for root length density. The solutions allow two critical diffusivity (D) values to be defined (Dc) and (Dc2). When Dc2 ≤ D < Dc, a procedure is presented to calculate the depth, z1, where C′ = 0 and this is the depth where root uptake of oxygen ceases and is shown to be related to D/Dc. When D < Dc2, a procedure is presented to estimate the depth, Z0, at which the oxygen concentration = 0 and is shown to be related to D/Dc2. These results have useful applications in determining soil aeration, soil biogeochemical reactions, soil surface flux of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the effect of climate change on these processes through the temperature dependence of the solution. These results suggest the oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) is likely to be the best estimator of soil aeration but there will not be a universal value for all plants. The surface flux density of oxygen into the soil for both the microbial sink (Sm) and total sink (f0) are presented and the ratio is shown to be related to ( is the diffusivity in air). The possible range in Sm/f0 is shown to be compatible with measured values from the literature. The solutions have many applications in environmental science.
The novel p.A30G SNCA pathogenic variant in Greek patients with familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Alefanti Ioanna , Koros Christos , Tsami Viktoria , Simitsi Athina Maria , Kartanou Chrisoula , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Bozi Maria , Antonelou Roubina , Maniati Matina , Hauser Ann‐Kathrin , Varvaressos Stefanos , Bonakis Anastasios , Lourentzos Konstantinos , Makrythanasis Periklis , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Proukakis Christos , Potagas Constantinos , Gasser Thomas , Koutsis Georgios , Karadima Georgia , Stefanis Leonidas
Published: January 2025

Background

The p.A53T variant in the SNCA gene was considered, until recently, to be the only SNCA variant causing familial Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Greek population. We identified a novel heterozygous p.A30G (c.89 C>G) SNCA pathogenic variant in five affected individuals of three Greek families, leading to autosomal dominant PD. This study aims to further explore the presence and phenotypic expression of this variant in the Greek PD population.

Methods

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) was used for genotyping of 664 Greek PD cases. Detailed clinical information was obtained for the carriers and p.A30G‐positive samples underwent haplotype analysis.

Results

We identified 10 additional p.A30G‐positive PD patients (1.5%), of whom 4 were sporadic cases (0.9%). They manifested typical Parkinsonian motor dysfunction, with a mean age of onset of 51.7 years (range: 33–62) and a broad spectrum of non‐motor symptoms. The absence of affected first degree relatives in four out of ten index cases, and the presence of a phenocopy in an additional family, suggest that the p.A30G variant manifests reduced penetrance. The common haplotype among the p.A30G carriers confirmed a founder effect. Furthermore, two asymptomatic carriers were identified, with possible premotor manifestations.

Conclusions

These findings underscore that the p.A30G SNCA pathogenic variant represents an important, albeit rare, cause of genetic PD in the Greek population. This is the first time in which a genetic synucleinopathy, with a variant in the SNCA gene, is clearly linked to an appreciable frequency of sporadic PD in a particular population.
Exploring the use of AI avatars by marriage and family therapists practitioners as a therapeutic intervention
Authors: Colvin Alex D. , Benjamin Crystal
Published: January 2025

Objective

This article provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) avatar technology and its potential use as a therapeutic intervention by licensed marriage and family therapists (MFTs) within the family system context.

Background

With the growth of marriage and family therapy, it is essential to equip future practitioners with tools for effective service delivery. As virtual environments evolve, MFTs must be prepared to engage clients of all ages interested in these technologies.

Method

The authors present a conceptual paper on AI avatar technology, exploring its applications in therapy and examining the diffusion of innovation theory to assess its adoption.

Results

AI avatars offer many benefits, including increasing accessibility and affordability; enhanced communication in virtual settings; augmenting treatment possibilities for individuals and families; and a safe, anonymous environment that encourages client expression. This technology also helps alleviate therapist burnout.

Conclusion

Although AI should not replace human interactions, it can enhance the delivery of MFT practices, helping the profession stay relevant in this digital age and improving therapy accessibility.

Implications

Integrating this technology can create new training opportunities for practitioners. Professional associations should develop guidelines to optimize the use of AI in therapeutic practice as the digital revolution advances.
Potential U.S. Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons From Biomass With Addition of Massive External Heat and Hydrogen Inputs
Authors: Charlton T. W. , Forsberg C. W. , Dale B. E.
Published: January 2025

We estimate the U.S. potential to convert biomass into liquid hydrocarbons for fuel and chemical feedstocks, assuming massive low‐carbon external heat and hydrogen inputs. The biomass is first a carbon feedstock and only secondarily an energy source. This analysis is done for three estimates of available biomass derived from the 2023 U.S. Department of Energy/U.S. Department of Agriculture “Billion‐Ton Report” and two augmented cases with maximum annual production of 1326, 4791, 5799, 7432, and 8745 million barrels of diesel fuel equivalent per year for the five cases. Constraints, such as assuring long‐term soil sustainability by recycling nutrients and some carbon back to soils, result in production being 70%–80% of these numbers. The U.S. currently consumes about 6900 million barrels of diesel fuel equivalent per year. Long‐term estimates for U.S. hydrocarbon consumption are between 50% and 75% of current consumption. External hydrogen additions for the conversion processes in the five cases are, respectively 25, 91, 111, 142, and 167 million tons of hydrogen per year. The system is strongly carbon negative because of carbon and nutrient recycling to soils to improve soil productivity.
Can hearing screening criteria at general health checkups be an indirect indicator of frailty and cognitive deficit in the older population? – with prevalence estimates based on updated World Health Organization hearing loss classification
Authors: Uchida Yasue , Sugiura Saiko , Shimono Mariko , Suzuki Hirokazu , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi , Tange Chikako , Nishita Yukiko , Otsuka Rei
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study aimed to reestimate the prevalence of hearing loss based on the updated World Health Organization hearing loss classification and investigate whether existing hearing screening criteria could efficiently screen for frailty or cognitive deficit.

Methods

Data collected from community dwellers aged 40–91 years included 2325 samples. Health checkup hearing screening used were as follows: (A) 30 dB both at 1 and 4 kHz and (B) 30 dB at 1 kHz and 40 dB at 4 kHz were used. For participants aged ≥60 years, frailty according to the modified Cardiovascular Health Study criteria and cognitive deficit defined by a Mini‐Mental State Examination score <28 were assessed. Logistic regression was performed to obtain odds ratios for frailty and cognitive deficit.

Results

The rates of hearing loss using the updated World Health Organization classification in men were 8.6, 24.1, 54.2, 79.0 and 96.0% in their 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s and 3.7, 12.7, 36.4, 72.1 and 90.4% in women, respectively. Failing hearing screening using criterion A was associated with an increased risk of frailty, a sex‐adjusted odds ratio of 4.136 (95% confidence interval, 2.182–7.838) and an increased risk of cognitive deficit: 1.753 (95% confidence interval, 1.346–2.283). After adjusting for age and sex, the effects on frailty and cognitive deficit were no longer significant. The results were similar when criterion B was used.

Conclusion

Because of the high prevalence of hearing loss and the ability to utilize existing devices and methodologies, hearing screening for the elderly should be reviewed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Association of chronic low back pain and knee pain with subjective fatigue incidence among community‐dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Matsuda Soichiro , Doi Takehiko , Katayama Osamu , Makino Keitaro , Sakimoto Fumio , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

Aim

Fatigue is a common health problem in older adults. Chronic pain is associated with fatigue. However, the longitudinal association between chronic pain and the incidence of subjective fatigue among community‐dwelling older adults remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between chronic pain and subjective fatigue using prospective data.

Methods

The study included 2060 community‐dwelling older adults (age 70.5 ± 6.4 years; male: n = 944) without subjective fatigue at baseline. Chronic pain and other data were assessed at baseline. Subjective fatigue incidence was investigated at the follow‐up examination 2.5 years from baseline.

Results

In total, 389 (18.9%) reported chronic low back pain, 322 (15.6%) reported chronic knee pain at baseline, and 342 (16.6%) reported subjective fatigue at follow‐up examination. A logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio for the incidence of subjective fatigue in participants with chronic low back pain had a higher odds ratio for the incidence of subjective fatigue compared to participants without chronic low back pain (odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.29–2.26). Chronic knee pain had a higher odds ratio for the incidence of subjective fatigue compared to participants without chronic knee pain (odds ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–2.20).

Conclusions

These results suggest that chronic low back pain and knee pain increase the risk of subjective fatigue incidence. These findings emphasize the contribution of chronic pain to fatigue among older adults. Therefore, intervention studies are required to prevent subjective fatigue in participants with chronic pain. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
The role of sender credibility in migration information campaigns
Authors: Morgenstern Sandra
Published: January 2025

The actors who carry out migration information campaigns—and thus serve as ‘information senders’—vary greatly. Existing studies on the effectiveness of such campaigns typically focus on one case of an information campaign. It is difficult to compare these case studies because, in addition to the different implementing actors, they differ substantially in terms of the content conveyed and the ways they are carried out. As a result, evidence of the causal effect of the information senders is missing. I argue that who implements the campaign is not trivial, as each type of information sender may be associated with a different level of credibility, and psychological models of information processing suggest that a senders' credibility is key to the impact of information. To corroborate and complement existing research, I present findings from a longitudinal survey experiment in Nigeria among students who were presented with the same hypothetical information campaign while the information sender was varied: each an international and local NGO, government and social contact. The results show overall similar effect directions for the different information senders, namely an increase in awareness of the campaign topic of irregular migration and a reduction of (irregular) migration intentions among the participants. However, notable differences are observed in effect size and effect persistence per sender and opposing actors are most influential regarding general versus irregular migration. Descriptive mediation analyses support the relevance of credibility per sender and imply the existence of a topic‐dependent sender credibility effect.
Return‐to‐work in lung transplant recipients: an Australian perspective
Authors: Munsif Maitri , Donnan Matthew , Snell Gregory , Levin Kovi , Paraskeva Miranda
Published: January 2025

Background

Return‐to‐work (RTW) following lung transplant has been associated with increased quality of life, but little is known regarding the rates of and barriers to this in the Australian population.

Aims

We aimed to describe, characterise and determine predictors of return to work and social participation in Australian lung transplant recipients. We also sought to explore the relationship between return to work and quality of life.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne between October 2018 and August 2019. The questionnaire evaluated demographics, transplant history, respiratory parameters, employment history and social integration prior to and after lung transplantation.

Results

A total of 172 lung transplant recipients were included for analysis. The population was mostly male (56.5%), median age 61 years (interquartile range (IQR) 49.8–67.0) and median time from transplant 4 years (IQR 2–7). A total of 19.2% of patients were working at time of transplant, with 35.5% working after transplant representing an increase in workforce engagement of 84.8% (P < 0.001). A total of 96% of those who returned to work reported an improvement in quality of life. Median time to RTW after transplant was 180 days (IQR 90–360). Multivariable analysis demonstrated an increased rate of RTW in younger recipients (odds ratio (OR) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–0.99, adjusted P = 0.029), at greater length of time after transplant (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99–1.19, P = 0.084), among those working at the time of transplant (OR 9.55, 95% CI 2.70–33.75, P < 0.001) and with higher socioeconomic status (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, P = 0.009). Recipients with cystic fibrosis were more likely to RTW (65.8%) than those with other underlying conditions.

Conclusions

RTW should be encouraged in lung transplant recipients. Targeted supports and resources aimed at younger recipients may result in greater workforce engagement and overall outcomes after transplant.
Supply chain production and procurement strategies for the mixed contract with time flexibility and options
Authors: Xiong Xuexia , Shao Lusheng , Tang Liang
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates production and procurement strategies in dynamic demand forecasting. It revolves around a two‐tiered supply chain that consists of a manufacturer focusing on capacity investment and a retailer responsible for product sales. Within this framework, we propose a novel mixed contract featuring with time flexibility and options. The retailer has the flexibility to place regular and option orders based on demand forecast updates, with uncertain timing for updates. We analyze the capacity response strategy of the manufacturer and the ordering strategy of the retailer, emphasizing the decision on the optimal ordering time point. Our study derives a unique equilibrium solution for optimal production and procurement strategies, crafting the mixed contract parameters to ensure supply chain coordination. Comparisons with pure contract models highlight the consistent value of time flexibility within the mixed contract, while also identifying the pivotal role of options in enhancing supply chain performance within specific contract structures. Numerical experiments examine the sensitivity of the optimal ordering time and evaluate the impact of the contract parameters on the profits of the manufacturer and retailer.
Product Returns, Customer Segmentation, and Dynamic Pricing in the Online Retail Market
Authors: Otte Julia , Serfes Konstantinos , Thiele Veikko
Published: January 2025

Online retailers can adopt generous return policies to entice customers to buy and try new products. In this article, we focus on the learning aspect of product returns and show how an online retailer can utilize returns to segment customers based on their individual valuations of a product. We derive the optimal dynamic pricing strategy, including a potential fee for product returns (restocking fee), which balances the benefits from effective customer segmentation and the costs associated with product returns. Strategic customers, who understand that their return decisions affect future prices, may choose to return the product even when their valuations exceed the initial price. To curb strategic returns, which compromise the effective segmentation of customers, it is optimal for the retailer to reduce the initial price of the product and charge a higher fee for returns. We also identify conditions so that it is optimal for a retailer to overcharge customers for product returns (i.e., the return fee exceeds the actual cost of a return). This allows the retailer to extract surplus from customers who have low product valuations and return the product, and is therefore a form of price discrimination.