bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD133+ and Nestin+ Glioma Stem-Like Cells Reside Around CD31+ Arterioles in Niches that Express SDF-1α, CXCR4, Osteopontin and Cathepsin K
Authors: Hira Vashendriya V. V. , Ploegmakers Kimberley J. , Grevers Frederieke , Verbovšek Urška , Silvestre-Roig Carlos , Aronica Eleonora , Tigchelaar Wikky , Turnšek Tamara Lah , Molenaar Remco J. , Van Noorden Cornelis J. F.
Published: March 2015

Poor survival of high-grade glioma is at least partly caused by glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) that are resistant to therapy. GSLCs reside in niches in close vicinity of endothelium. The aim of the present study was to characterize proteins that may be functional in the GSLC niche by performing immunohistochemistry on serial cryostat sections of human high-grade glioma samples. We have found nine niches in five out of five high-grade glioma samples that were all surrounding arterioles with CD31+ endothelial cells and containing cellular structures that were CD133+ and nestin+. All nine niches expressed stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), osteopontin and cathepsin K. SDF-1α plays a role in homing of CXCR4+ stem cells and leukocytes, whereas osteopontin and cathepsin K promote migration of cancer cells and leukocytes. Leukocyte-related markers, such as CD68, macrophage matrix metalloprotease-9, CD177 and neutrophil elastase were often but not always detected in the niches. We suggest that SDF-1α is involved in homing of CXCR4+ GSLCs and leukocytes and that cathepsin K and osteopontin are involved in the migration of GSLCs out of the niches.
It’s Ok to be joyful? My Little Pony and Brony masculinity
Authors: Hautakangas Mikko
Published: March 2015

Bronies, the adult male fans of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (2010–), have raised controversy in public discussions and on the Internet: male interest in something so obviously non-masculine seems to call for some kind of explanation, for instance, as a sexual subculture or as one more ironic Internet meme. Bronies, however, emphasize their sincere enjoyment of the show and foreground their identification with the characters and stories in the series, as well as the significance of the active fan community. This article discusses the Brony fandom as a site for renegotiating male gender norms and constructing masculine identities. The focus is on the fan discourse that Bronies themselves produce and circulate, i.e. how Bronies talk about being a Brony. The empirical material consists of interviews and observations within the Finnish Brony community, both online and offline. It is argued that the ‘neo-sincere’ attitude of Bronies illustrates the centrality of humour in the construction of gendered identities. Bronies themselves emphasize that Brony fandom offers a kind of joy that is hard to find among more traditional masculine discourses.
My Little Pony, tolerance is magic: Gender policing and Brony anti-fandom
Authors: Jones Bethan
Published: March 2015

‘Creepy and immature’; ‘paedophiles’; ‘a freaking embarrassment’; and ‘pathetic sissies [who] giggle like school girls’ are all phrases which have been used to describe fans of My Little Pony. More specifically, they are all phrases which have been used to describe Bronies, male fans of the My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (2010–) cartoon. Bronies are often a source of ridicule, both on forums like Reddit and 4chan, where scores of threads dedicated to ‘Brony hate’ have been posted, and within the more mainstream press which fails to understand why grown men might watch and engage with a children’s show. Furthermore, criticisms aimed at Bronies commonly resort to gendered stereotyping: My Little Pony is pink and sparkly, things that men are not supposed to like. That Bronies disrupt traditional notions of gender makes them both objects of ridicule and a means by which the gendered voice of anti-fandom can be complicated. Discussions on anti-fandom and gender often focus on ‘female’ texts like Twilight (Meyer, 2005) and Fifty Shades of Grey (James, 2012). As Matt Hills (2012) points out in his analysis of Twilight anti-fandom, girls’ desires are frequently attacked by cultural commentators and the mainstream media. However, in this article I argue that the realm of Brony fandom, and anti-fandom, is far more complex. I build upon the work of Jonathan Gray (2003) and Cornel Sandvoss (2005) by examining Brony anti-fandom, particularly in relation to its use of social media and its heavily gendered pathologizing of Bronies by both men and women.
Finding Bronies – The accidental audience of My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic
Authors: Burdfield Claire
Published: March 2015

The practice of audience segregation, demographic profiling and manufactured viewerships has become common practice in the television industry since the turn towards niche programming and narrowcasting in an increasingly multichannel environment. While much critical scholarship has been devoted to the way that media companies undertake extensive market research to target their products to specific demographic segments, this article concentrates on the way that untargeted and unexpected viewers have coalesced around certain television programmes, and become the ‘accidental audience’. ‘Bronies’ have become the most well-known accidental audience in recent years, and are a perfect case study by which this phenomenon can be examined. The article therefore explores the way that accidental audiences develop, and how they offer both opportunity and threat to the managed selling of media brands. This article will also engage with the issues surrounding identifying and responding to these accidental audiences. Using the ‘Brony’ fandom of My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, this article asks how accidental audiences develop and how, in particular, the Internet serves to shape and cultivate them.
The classical world is 20 per cent cooler: Greco-Roman pegasi in My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic
Authors: Cresswell Jen
Published: March 2015

This article will look at the successful fantasy cartoon series My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (2010–) and its representation of Greco-Roman aesthetics in connection with the pegasi tribe in the depiction of the Pegasus city, Cloudsdale, and in the origins of the Pegasus tribe in the episode ‘Hearth’s Warming Eve’. In this episode, the ponies take part in a performance about the founding of their magical homeland, Equestria. The three tribes of ponies all represent different periods: the Earth ponies are Pioneer settlers, the Unicorns are mediaeval nobility, and the Pegasi are militaristic Greco-Roman. The article will explore the depiction of the Pegasi ponies with Greco-Roman elements and what this tells of the popular perception from cinema of the Greeks and celestial landscapes, and the Romans as a militaristic community. It will trace the evolution of these images within various media and how an association was created between Greco-Roman architecture, astral cities and military prowess, and how Pegasus became associated with this military fortitude and ancient world.
Conference Report
Authors: Byrne Dr Katherine , Young Dr Nerys
Published: March 2015

From Downton to Zombies: The guilty pleasures of contemporary television, University of Ulster, Belfast, 27–28 June 2014
The ‘vegetative part’: Organic and plant life in The Walking Dead
Authors: Keetley Dawn
Published: March 2015

The ‘zombie gaze’ of AMC’s The Walking Dead (2010–) signals and elicits the inexorable presence of the ‘vegetative part’ in the human – the uncontrolled organic life that unsettles the very notion of the ‘person’ as well as those political systems founded upon it. Drawing on Roberto Esposito’s Third Person (2012) and late eighteenth-century physiologist Xavier Bichat, both of whom argue that humans have a ‘double life’ – our voluntary will inextricably embedded in an involuntary ‘vegetative part’ – I argue that the characters of Shane Walsh and Merle Dixon exemplify the ‘organic’ life, the automaticity of the biological. But while Esposito and Bichat use ‘vegetative’ metaphorically, in Season 4, The Walking Dead begins to explore the more literal ‘vegetal life’ of and surrounding the human, suggesting humans’ proximity not just to the ‘guts’ that mark the presence of the organic but also to plants that signal the ‘vegetative part’. The series thus asks what it might mean, in the words of philosopher Michael Marder, to think of ‘the constitutive vegetal otherness in ourselves’.
From classical Greece to science fiction: Heroic aesthetics and the popularity of the Eagle pilot Alan Carter in Space: 1999
Authors: Bussières Marie-Pierre
Published: March 2015

This article analyses the success of a support character in comparison to the stars in the 1970s television series Space: 1999 (1975–1977), in light of the permeation of Greek classical aesthetic codes in on-screen representation of heroes. Although the name of the actor impersonating the chief Eagle pilot Alan Carter was not even in the opening credits of the show and his character, like most support characters of Space: 1999, had but a few lines per episode, this series won actor Nick Tate international attention and his character quickly became among the favourites of the show, especially in the realm of science fiction fandom. While he is in the frame without actually doing any action, Carter oftentimes adopts a posture known as contrapposto, a pose characteristic of the idealized heroic body. This pose had been deliberately used in the early days of Hollywood to enhance the cultic status of some stars, and because of its cultural identification with a heroic type and its erotic potential, Carter was recognized as a hero more than the rest of the support characters on the show. Moreover, Carter’s persona in the scripts is that of an engaging, faithful, trustworthy fellow, which completes the picture of the ideal of manliness in Greek philosophy, that of spiritual goodness (agathon) reflected in physical beauty (kallos), placing Carter among the most popular characters with the audience of Space: 1999.
Age, gender and television in the United Kingdom
Authors: Redfern Nick
Published: March 2015

I apply correspondence analysis (CA) to data produced for the British Film Institute’s (BFI) ‘Opening our eyes’ report published in 2011 to discover how age and gender shape the experience of television for audiences in the United Kingdom. Age is an important factor in shaping how audience perceive television, with older viewers describing the medium as ‘informative’, ‘thought provoking’, ‘artistic’, ‘good for people’s self-development’ and ‘escapist’, while younger viewers are more likely to describe television as ‘exciting’, ‘fashionable, and ‘sociable’. Younger respondents are also more likely to describe the effect of television on people/society as negative. Variation in programme choice is highly structured in terms of age and gender, though the extent to which of these factors determine audience choice varies greatly. Gender is the dominant factor in explaining preferences for some programme types with age a secondary factor in several cases, while age is the explanatory factor for other genres for which gender seemingly has little influence. Male audiences prefer sports, factual entertainment, and culture programmes and female audiences reality TV/talent shows, game/quiz/panel shows, chat shows and soap operas. Older audiences prefer news, documentaries, and wildlife/nature programmes, while music shows/concerts and comedy/sitcoms are more popular with younger viewers.
‘We’re physicists’: Gender, genre and the image of scientists in The Big Bang Theory
Authors: Weitekamp Margaret A.
Published: March 2015

As a comedy, the popular CBS television show The Big Bang Theory (2007–) has made an international commercial success of its portrayal of scientists, complete with equation-laden white boards and an affectionate depiction of nerd culture. Working both with and against the gendered stereotypes of the nerd and the mad scientist – and drawing upon many of the core characteristics of situation comedy as a genre – The Big Bang Theory offers a sympathetic and nuanced depiction of scientists, including a more diverse group of scientists by gender, ethnicity, and scientific subfields than usually seen in either television or movies.
From toys to television and back: My Little Pony appropriated in adult toy play
Authors: Heljakka Katriina
Published: March 2015

In the era of the ludic turn the cultures of play are in convergence. Although the traditional toy industry is faced with challenges relating to the digitalization and dematerialization of play culture, physical toys are surviving due to unique tactile and manipulable qualities that still cannot be substituted by digital or even hybrid playthings. Contemporary toy characters such as those of My Little Pony (MLP) are given narratives in the form of backstories as represented in products of toy design, toy marketing and licensed toy-related merchandise. In play, these narratives are challenged, creatively cultivated, and finally circulated through social media platforms. Ponies are used in various play activities such as collecting, customizing and creating visual and animated stories, including play patterns such as toy tourism, photoplay and other forms of transmedia-inspired play. Research demonstrates that personalized play content and the documenting and sharing of such practices create both engagement with toys and mimicking of the aforementioned play patterns. In sum, the play practices of adults who use pony toys during leisure time suggest that uses of MLP characters are not only activities carried out in domestic spheres, but in public spaces and social contexts. Thus, it is evident that MLP as contemporary mass-marketed toys are frequently being used as creative, social tools by adult players.
Diagnóstico de vento de uma região usando uma carta meteorológica de superfície
Authors: Talaia Mário A.R. , Fernandes Rui
Published: March 2015

O comportamento e o desenvolvimento de um incêndio florestal estão directamente relacionados com o chamado Triangulo do Fogo Florestal, nomeadamente com parâmetros meteorológicos: temperatura, humidade e vento.Neste trabalho é apresentada uma contribuição de modo a ser possível fazer um diagnóstico simples das características de vento. Também, é possível conhecer e interpretar as condições meteorológicas, a partir do uso de cartas meteorológicas de superfície.São apresentados sítios da Internet que disponibilizam cartas meteorológicas sinópticas.
The cost competitiveness of conifer stumps in the procurement of forest chips for fuel in Southern and Northern Finland
Authors: Laitila Juha , Ranta Tapio , Asikainen Antti , Jäppinen Eero , Korpinen Olli-Jussi
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate cost competitiveness, at regional level, of various systems for stump transportation and grinding, and to compare the results to the procurement costs of delimbed stems from early thinnings at the stand and regional level. The accumulation and procurement costs of stumps and delimbed stems were estimated within a 100-kilometer radius from two power plants located in Kouvola and in Kajaani. The analyses were performed as simulated treatments in clear cuts and thinnings of young stands, using existing productivity and cost functions, alternative ash percentages for stump wood, and yield calculations based on the forest industry regeneration felling stand data and the sample plots data of the National Forest Inventory of Finland. The results were expressed as Euros per solid cubic meter (â¬ m) and Euros per megawatt hour (â¬ MWh). The results highlight the need to improve stump fuel quality and increase the heating value. The procurement cost of stumps was about 1 â¬ MWh lower in Kouvola compared to Kajaani, when using conceivable ash content of 6% for stumps ground at the plant, and ash content of 1.5% for stumps pre-ground at the roadside landing. The procurement costs of stumps were, on average, 0.55 â¬ MWh lower compared to delimbed stems in Kouvola, and on average 0.6 â¬ MWh higher in Kajaani. Pre-grinding and integrated screening is a feasible way to guarantee the fuel quality expressed as ash content already at roadside landings, but the procurement costs are higher compared to grinding stumps at the plant, when the ash content of ground stumps is 6% or less.â3â1â1â1â1
Organocatalysts for enantioselective synthesis of fine chemicals: definitions, trends and developments
Authors: Palumbo Chiara , Guidotti Matteo
Published: March 2015

Organocatalysis, that is the use of small organic molecules to catalyze organic transformations, has been included among the most successful concepts in asymmetric catalysis, and it has been used for the enantioselective construction of C–C, C–N, C–O, C–S, C–P and C–halide bonds. Since the seminal works in early 2000, the scientific community has been paying an ever-growing attention to the use of organocatalysts for the synthesis, with high yields and remarkable stereoselectivities, of optically active fine chemicals of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. A brief overview is here presented about the two main classes of substrate activation by the catalyst: covalent organocatalysis and non-covalent organocatalysis, with a more stringent focus on some recent outcomes in the field of the latter and of hydrogen bond-based catalysis. Finally, some successful examples of heterogenization of organocatalysts are also discussed, in the view of a potential industrial exploitation.
EU Crises Multiplier - From One Crisis To Another
Authors: Pešić Ivana V. , Vanka Gajo M.
Published: March 2015

Since the wide spreading of the European Union (EU) crisis begun, the research papers have been providing different definitions such as currency crisis, competitiveness crisis, banking crisis, balance of payment crisis, but the most frequent notion of EU crises is the sovereign debt crisis. In this paper, the researchers agree that the current European crisis can be identified as sovereign debt crises at its surface, but in order to search for solutions of EU problems, we must look deeper into the sources of this crisis. Through this paper, the multiplication of crisis is explained, whereby it is being concluded that one type of crisis led to another, while staying on the point that the Eurozone current crisis is basically a combination of two core crisis: balance of payment crisis and banking crisis. In order to support the hypothesis that sovereign debt crisis is deeply connected with balance of payment crisis, we have analysed the trade and capital flows of European countries. It was discovered that periphery countries mostly financed their current account deficit, trade deficits and public deficit through external borrowing from creditor countries. Further, the periphery countries have been cumulating not only trade deficit in trade activity with other European partners, but also in trade with the rest of the world. The key source of imbalances between the European countries seems to be a different level of competitiveness caused by different level of productivity. As the second face of EU crises, we recognised a banking crisis. We found that sovereign debt crisis and banking crisis are interconnected but banking crisis usually precedes the debt crisis. With the fast growth of international capital flows, financial integration was strongly regionally concentrated and became especially important within the EU. Through the analysis of the international investment position of creditor countries, it was concluded that these countries are more integrated within the euro area through financial flows than through real economic flows. Additionally, it was discovered that creditor countries’ banks were among the biggest investors in bonds of periphery countries such as Greece. In other periphery countries such as Ireland, banking crisis and subsequent measures for the rescuing of banking system led to the increase of public debt. In the other countries, banks were faced with solvency problems due to bad debt holdings. Having in mind that we found interconnection of the debt crisis with balance of payment crisis on the one side, and with the banking crisis on the other side, the conclusion is that sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone is a result of two-core crisis: balance of payment crisis and bank crisis. Reckoning on the European Union history where each crisis usually led to the stronger integration, maybe the current crisis is a step further towards better and deeper integration.
Not all fats are created equal: adipose vs. ectopic fat, implication in cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Gaggini Melania , Saponaro Chiara , Gastaldelli Amalia
Published: March 2015

Adipose tissue is a recognized endocrine organ that acts not only as a fuel storage but also is able to secrete adipokines that can modulate inflammation. Most of the fat is composed of white adipocytes (WAT), although also brown/beige adipocytes (BAT/BeAT) have been found in humans. BAT is located close to the neck but also among WAT in the epicardial fat and perivascular fat. Adipocyte hypertrophy and infiltration of macrophages impair adipose tissue metabolism determining “adiposopathy” (i.e., sick fat) and increasing the risk to develop metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review was to search and discuss the available literature on the impact of different types of fat and fat distribution on cardiometabolic risk. Visceral fat, but also ectopic fat, either in liver, muscle and heart, can increase the risk to develop insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Results recently published showed that BAT could have an impact on cardiometabolic risk, not only because it is implicated in energy metabolism but also because it can modulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Therapeutical interventions that can increase energy expenditure, successfully change fat distribution and reduce ectopic fat, also through BAT activation, were discussed.
Medieval bindings
Authors: Vodopivec Jedert
Published: March 2015

The paper presents the research of particular binding structures in extant Slovene medieval codices. The research is limited only to stiff-board bound medieval manuscript collections in Slovenian public archives and libraries. The research synthetically presents particular structures, binding techniques and materials on medieval manuscripts bound or rebound before 16th century. The basis of the research is a census of extant medieval bookbinding monuments, which includes all obtainable data, sketches, pencil rubbings, and photographs. The paper aims to present the methodology of work used in the research as well as the process of formulating description form related to conservation bookbinding. The paper closes with observations and conclusions drawn from the analysis of the Slovenian collection of medieval codices.
Book trade advertising in Kraljski Dalmatin and Zora dalmatinska
Authors: Velagić Zoran , Dolfić Nikolina
Published: March 2015

The aim of the paper is to analyze and contextualize book trade advertising in Zadar periodicals in the early 19th century. The corpus consists of Kraljski Dalmatin, the first newspaper published in the Croatian language, and Zora dalmatinska, published during the Revival period entirely in Croatian. The advertisements found in the corpus were recorded, classified and analyzed, and the more interesting ones are discussed in the text.
Research results indicate that the first newspaper published in Croatian, Kraljski Dalmatin, was used for occasional and modest book trade advertising - seven ads were found in all issues of this paper. 30 years later, Zora dalmatinska was used more frequently for different forms of book trade advertising. 93 examples found in thepaper advertise books, newspapers, calendars and almanacs, calls for subscription, reminders for overdue books and late returns, book reviews, etc.
Two basic conclusions can be drawn from research results. Firstly, the publishers of the first newspapers published in Zadar grasped quickly the advertising potential of this type of media, which became a widely accepted means of communication in the early 19th century. Secondly, newspaper advertising reflected the current cultural and political circumstances, which is illustrated by frequent ads for the Revival works in book tradeZora dalmatinska.
Interdisciplinary character of the research into prayer-books and catechisms
Authors: Feldvari Kristina
Published: March 2015

This paper aims at investigating various approaches to the study of prayer-books and catechisms, i.e., material that is generally included in religious literature and linked to the Church and its teachings. The introduction of the paper contains definitions of prayer-books and catechism, their types and differences. In the second part of the paper, the search results of three largest collective catalogues in Croatia (Crolist, MetelWin and Zaki) were presented, followed by search results of the National and University Library Catalogue, Croatian Scientific Bibliography and HRČAK portal so as to gain insight into literature dealing with prayer-books and/or catechisms with an aim to highlight fields and branches of science dealing with such publications. Literature returned in the search results was analysed in terms of subject and based on Universal Decimal Classification markings, fields and branches of science, i.e. approaches to the said subject were analysed. The aim was to establish the extent to which the research has an interdisciplinary character which has become increasingly important in scientific circles over the recent past. The main contribution of this paper is that it provides insight into methods of investigations and dealing with prayer-books and catechisms applied by different sciences and professions.
Unknown history of Slovenian librarianship
Authors: Šelih Marjetka , Južnić Primož
Published: March 2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate and present the activities of the Public Library in Celje during German occupation during World War II. The research is based on a survey of archival sources – relevant documents are available in Celje Historical Arcives (Zgodovinski arhiv Celje – ZAC). The article is divided in two parts, the first one presenting the condition of librarianship in Nazi Germany in general, and the second one focusing on a case study: the conditions of librarianship in occupied Slovenian city of Celje.The city was an important administrative, commercial, industrial, traffic and educational centre in the area of Styria during the occupation. Its library operated according to standards and models applied to libraries in Germany. This was reflected in the overall library operation: selection and processing of material, layout, employee selection and work with users. Public libraries were founded by individual municipalities or groups of municipalities, which took care of the operation of libraries. Special government advisory centres (Staatliche Volksbuechereistelle) provided library’s additional materials. Consequently, libraries played an important role in dissemination of the German language and culture in new border areas, which was regarded as their major aim. War conditions did not deter users from visiting libraries and employee complaints about the lack of financial means were not recorded. Towards the end of the war only the lack of paper was noticed.
Censored illustrated material in Croatian magazines during the reign of Károly Khuen Héderváry (1883–1903)
Authors: Štefanac Tamara
Published: March 2015

The aim of the paper is to investigate the seized illustrative material, mostly caricatures, from satirical magazines Bič, Trn, Stršen, Tries, and Vrač pogađačduring the reign of Károly Khuen Héderváry (1883–1903). Only the illustrations that were a combination of image and text were taken into consideration. The magazines kept in the National and University Library in Zagreb were used as source materials, and the legal grounds on which the illustrations were seized were presented based on archival data from the Croatian State Archives. The first part of the paper presents the seizure of illustrations on legal grounds, and the second part discusses the multiple meanings of images in relation to text, trying to establish to what extent the caricatures and illustrations in given magazines can be viewed as carriers of polysemous messages.Although a definite conclusion on the volume and types of seizedillustrationsduring the reign of Károly Khuen Héderváry cannot be made due to inadequate sources, we could reconstruct the legislative and political context of bans and prove the power of the image, which is the basic contribution of this paper.
Tipografija novčanica s posebnim osvrtom na Hrvatsku tijekom 20. stoljeća
Authors: Žiljak Vilko , Barišić Mario , Žiljak Vujić Jana
Published: March 2015

Cilj je rada istražiti transformacije oblikovanja informacija na novčanicama tijekom 20. stoljeća, razdoblja najvećih grafičkih inovacija nakon Gutenbergova izuma tiska pomičnim slovima. Računarska grafika preuzela je prostor tipografije upravo kada je ručno graviranje u tvrdim materijalima dosegnulo maksimum umijeća u kreiranju pismovnog reza. Prije 40-ak godina počinje era jetkanja tiskovnih formi za tiskarske tehnike bakropisa i čelikotiska integrirajući ručno nastale crteže te primjena fotosloga kao predstavnika digitalne tehnologije. Finoća pismovnih linija uvela je mikrotipografiju kao posebnu metodu rastriranja u pozadini novčanica. U Hrvatskoj su navedene promjene prisutne kroz autorska djela naših tipografa, premda se samo umnožavanje novčanica obavljalo u stranim tiskarama koje su imale primjereno zaštićenu tiskarsku tehnologiju. Radom se doprinosi znanstvenoj analizi tehničkog segmenta izrade novčanica na tlu Hrvatske tijekom 20. stoljeća, čime se, metodama analize i sinteze, daje jasna slika i kvalitetna preglednost metode izrade novčanica, i to kako s aspekta same tehnologije tako i kroz progresiju razvojnog ciklusa izrade novčanica. S obzirom da se ne istražuju samo hrvatske novčanice već i sve novčanice prisutne u Hrvatskoj u to doba, analizom se doprinosi i komparaciji lokalnih dosega s tehnologijom izrade stranih novčanica iz istog razdoblja.
Medijski diskurs o splitskim čitaonicama i knjižnicama u dalmatinskoj periodici (1862. - 1918.)
Authors: Kuić Ivanka
Published: March 2015

U radu se medijski diskurs o čitaonicama i knjižnicama analizira kao povijesni fenomen koji opisuje mjesto i ulogu čitaonica i knjižnica u Dalmaciji između 60-ih godina 19. st. i Prvoga svjetskog rata. Članci u dalmatinskim novinama iz toga razdoblja, kao materijalizirani oblici diskursa, nude odgovore na bitna pitanja povijesti hrvatskog knjižničarstva: pod kojim su se uvjetima osnivale čitaonice i knjižnice te kakav je temeljni koncept određivao njihovo mjesto i ulogu u konkretnom povijesnom razdoblju.Opisuje se povijesni kontekst, uvjeti pojavljivanja diskursa, funkcije i tip diskursa, konceptualna struktura i transformacijski procesi prema novim diskursnim praksama.
Analizom je diskursa utvrđeno da su čitaonice i knjižnice kulturne činjenice na koje snažno utječe socijalni kontekst. Uočene su dvije faze u razvoju diskursa: u prvoj fazi diskurs snažno sudjeluje u metaforičkim igrama i konstrukciji mitskih struktura - etničkog identiteta, narodnog jedinstva i jezične zajednice. Na konceptualnoj razini uloga čitaonica i knjižnica prepoznaje se u dekonstrukciji tradicionalnih odnosa - one su teritorijalno zaokruženo ekskluzivno mjesto simboličke produkcije, tvorbe novih društvenih struktura i kulturnih vrijednosti. U tom kontekstu, aktivnosti knjižnica znatno su manje medijski prezentirane nego druge aktivnosti čitaonica.
Drugu fazu, koja počinje sredinom 90-ih godina 19. st., obilježava umnožavanje diskursa, diferencijacija organizacijskih oblika i funkcija knjižnica od ostalih funkcija kulture te snažan upliv novog diskursa. Medijski diskurs prezentira promjenu konceptualnih struktura, pa se mjesto i uloga knjižnica tumače u okviru sve snažnije uloge znanja i obrazovanja u ostvarivanju ciljeva društva u zaoštrenoj socijalnoj diferencijaciji i potrebi daljnje izgradnje modernoga društva i kolektivnog subjektiviteta. Osnovno je obilježje ove razvojne faze, ako tražimo razliku u odnosu na prethodnu, snažan upliv diskursa o znanju, institucionalno podržanog ulogom knjižnica u njegovoj distribuciji.
Oblikovanje sadržaja i paratekstualni elementi u hrvatskim knjigama tiskanim u Divaldovoj tiskari do 1800. godine
Authors: Velagić Zoran , Kristek Andrej
Published: March 2015

Cilj je rada istražiti načine oblikovanja sadržaja i korištenje paratekstualnih elemenata u knjigama tiskanim na hrvatskom jeziku u tiskari Ivana Martina Divalda u Osijeku u razdoblju od početka rada tiskare, tj. od 1775., do kraja 18. stoljeća. Kao izvorna građa korištene su Divaldove knjige sačuvane u Zbirci Essekiana knjižnice Muzeja Slavonije u Osijeku.
Istraživanje je provedeno stavljanjem u korelaciju formata, vrste djela, prisutnosti ili odsutnosti paratekstualnih elemenata i oblikovanja sadržaja, pri čemu je istraženo dijeljenje teksta u odlomke i poglavlja te korištenje bilježaka. Utvrđena je standardizacija korištenja formata i primjene pojedinih oblikovnih postupaka (dijeljenje teksta, korištenje bilježaka), ali je također uočena i nesustavnost u korištenju paratekstualnih elemenata.
Ograničavanjem na kraće vremensko razdoblje i jednu tiskaru isključeni su mogući utjecaji različitih stilova i tiskarskih praksi, što je oblikovanje djela učinilo neovisnim o dizajnerski različitim pristupima. To je ujedno i najveće ograničenje istraživanja, budući da mali istraživački uzorak ne dopušta poopćavanje rezultata.
nomenclature of publishing activities within the framework of creative and cultural industry
Authors: Tomašević Nives
Published: March 2015

This paper analyses the nomenclature basis of publishing activities in the Republic of Croatia and the EU, and deals with the challenges of future comparative studies dealing with the structure of classifications. Creative and cultural industries are trying to find the optimal classification to define, track and direct creative/cultural activities. In some EU countries, the classification frames are in line with the stated classification, although some countries are still searching for nomenclature solutions. Studies of the nomenclature structure of cultural and creative industry are being conducted, and some of them are the framework of this paper (ESSnet – Culture 2011 and 2012). The publishing activity is classified according to the National Classification of Activities of the Republic of Croatia (NKD 2007 – The Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia 58/2007) as class 58, and related activities are also classified: “book publishing” (58.11), “publishing of address books and lists of users’ addresses” (58.12), “publishing of newspapers” (58.13), “publishing of magazines and periodic publications” (58.14), “other publishing activities” (58.15).
Psychological aspects of literacy
Authors: Knaflič Livija
Published: March 2015

Literacy is a complex cultural and social phenomenon with multiple effects on both, the individual and social levels. This article presents multidimensional model of literacy with linguistic, cognitive, socio-cultural, developmental and educational dimensions. A use of literacy is a literacy event and it means the use and/or presence of all dimensions of literacy. The use of new technologies and the emergence of digital literacy brought about a new meaning of literacy. There are two main processes to stress: (a) the writing (text) is more and more dominated by images and (b) the book is going to be replaced by the screen. These facts raise at least two questions: what is the future of literacy and what are psychological, social and cultural effects of these changes? The aim of this article is to present a psychological view of literacy skills with a very modest aspiration to offer a better understanding of library users and non users.
Postmodern theories about readers in electronic environment
Authors: Kuić Ivanka
Published: March 2015

Introductory part of the paper discusses theories about readers in the last decades of the 20th century. In particular, two big theoretical schools are discussed: aesthetic reception theory and reader-response-criticism movement. Readers are a subject of very different scientific disciplines: literature theory, sociology, anthropology, book history and library science. The idea that a reader is an essential subject for future life of a literary work is common to all theorists. By constructing the theory about a reader, theorists have thought about the reader who uses the conventions of printed text. The issue whether these concepts correspond to electronic surroundings is discussed. Characteristics of the hypertext are emphasized as a new paradigm, and also the issue weather readers enjoys in hypertextual fiction. In conclusion, paper expands the virtual dimension of Isers's theory about interaction between the text and the reader, and also Fish's concept of “interpretative community” which may be constituted on the Internet as a flexible virtual community.
Carney triad, SDH-deficient tumors, and Sdhb+/− mice share abnormal mitochondria
Authors: Szarek Eva , Ball Evan R , Imperiale Alessio , Tsokos Maria , Faucz Fabio R , Giubellino Alessio , Moussallieh François-Marie , Namer Izzie-Jacques , Abu-Asab Mones S , Pacak Karel , Taïeb David , Carney J Aidan , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: March 2015

Carney triad (CTr) describes the association of paragangliomas (PGL), pulmonary chondromas, and gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumors (GISTs) with a variety of other lesions, including pheochromocytomas and adrenocortical tumors. The gene(s) that cause CTr remain(s) unknown. PGL and GISTs may be caused by loss-of-function mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) (a condition known as Carney–Stratakis syndrome (CSS)). Mitochondrial structure and function are abnormal in tissues that carry SDH defects, but they have not been studied in CTr. For the present study, we examined mitochondrial structure in human tumors and GI tissue (GIT) of mice with SDH deficiency. Tissues from 16 CTr tumors (n=12), those with isolated GIST (n=1), and those with CSS caused bySDHC(n=1) andSDHD(n=2) mutations were studied by electron microscopy (EM). Samples of GIT from mice with a heterozygous deletion inSdhb(Sdhb+/−,n=4) were also studied by EM. CTr patients presented with mostly epithelioid GISTs that were characterized by plump cells containing a centrally located, round nucleus and prominent nucleoli; these changes were almost identical to those seen in the GISTs of patients with SDH. In tumor cells from patients, regardless of diagnosis or tumor type, cytoplasm contained an increased number of mitochondria with a ‘hypoxic’ phenotype: mitochondria were devoid of cristae, exhibited structural abnormalities, and were of variable size. Occasionally, mitochondria were small and round; rarely, they were thin and elongated with tubular cristae. Many mitochondria exhibited amorphous fluffy material with membranous whorls or cystic structures. A similar mitochondrial hypoxic phenotype was seen inSdhb+/−mice. We concluded that tissues from SDH-deficient tumors, those from mouse GIT, and those from CTr tumors shared identical abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and other features. Thus, the still-elusive CTr defect(s) is(are) likely to affect mitochondrial function, just like germline SDH-deficiency does.
Cuticle Integrity and Biogenic Amine Synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans Require the Cofactor Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)
Authors: Loer Curtis M , Calvo Ana C , Watschinger Katrin , Werner-Felmayer Gabriele , O’Rourke Delia , Stroud Dave , Tong Amy , Gotenstein Jennifer R , Chisholm Andrew D , Hodgkin Jonathan , Werner Ernst R , Martinez Aurora
Published: March 2015

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the natural cofactor of several enzymes widely distributed among eukaryotes, including aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAHs), nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), and alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO). We show here that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which has three AAAH genes and one AGMO gene, contains BH4 and has genes that function in BH4 synthesis and regeneration. Knockout mutants for putative BH4 synthetic enzyme genes lack the predicted enzymatic activities, synthesize no BH4, and have indistinguishable behavioral and neurotransmitter phenotypes, including serotonin and dopamine deficiency. The BH4 regeneration enzymes are not required for steady-state levels of biogenic amines, but become rate limiting in conditions of reduced BH4 synthesis. BH4-deficient mutants also have a fragile cuticle and are generally hypersensitive to exogenous agents, a phenotype that is not due to AAAH deficiency, but rather to dysfunction in the lipid metabolic enzyme AGMO, which is expressed in the epidermis. Loss of AGMO or BH4 synthesis also specifically alters the sensitivity of C. elegans to bacterial pathogens, revealing a cuticular function for AGMO-dependent lipid metabolism in host–pathogen interactions.
Quantitative Changes in Gimap3 and Gimap5 Expression Modify Mitochondrial DNA Segregation in Mice
Authors: Jokinen Riikka , Lahtinen Taina , Marttinen Paula , Myöhänen Maarit , Ruotsalainen Pilvi , Yeung Nicolas , Shvetsova Antonina , Kastaniotis Alexander J , Hiltunen J Kalervo , Öhman Tiina , Nyman Tuula A , Weiler Hartmut , Battersby Brendan J
Published: March 2015

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a high-copy maternally inherited genome essential for aerobic energy metabolism. Mutations in mtDNA can lead to heteroplasmy, the co-occurence of two different mtDNA variants in the same cell, which can segregate in a tissue-specific manner affecting the onset and severity of mitochondrial dysfunction. To investigate mechanisms regulating mtDNA segregation we use a heteroplasmic mouse model with two polymorphic neutral mtDNA haplotypes (NZB and BALB) that displays tissue-specific and age-dependent selection for mtDNA haplotypes. In the hematopoietic compartment there is selection for the BALB mtDNA haplotype, a phenotype that can be modified by allelic variants of Gimap3. Gimap3 is a tail-anchored member of the GTPase of the immunity-associated protein (Gimap) family of protein scaffolds important for leukocyte development and survival. Here we show how the expression of two murine Gimap3 alleles from Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. castaneus differentially affect mtDNA segregation. The castaneus allele has incorporated a uORF (upstream open reading frame) in-frame with the Gimap3 mRNA that impairs translation and imparts a negative effect on the steady-state protein abundance. We found that quantitative changes in the expression of Gimap3 and the paralogue Gimap5, which encodes a lysosomal protein, affect mtDNA segregation in the mouse hematopoietic tissues. We also show that Gimap3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and not mitochondria as previously reported. Collectively these data show that the abundance of protein scaffolds on the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are important to the segregation of the mitochondrial genome in the mouse hematopoietic compartment.
Atheism, Christianity and the British Press
Authors: Crossley James , Harrison Jackie
Published: March 2015

This study analyses the way twenty British newspapers (15th to 20th September 2010) covered Pope Benedict XVI’s 2010 state visit to the UK. We found that one important framing narrative used by the British press was an atheism/Christianity binary. This binary was characterised by mutual antagonism over the role of religion in civil society and yet this binary also existed alongside a call for calm and a defence of a ‘gentler secularism’ by journalists who, in the main, defended themselves (and ‘the majority of the public’) as having liberal democratic values. The net effect of which was that the British press simultaneously found itself in the position of framing the visit in terms of extreme views and mutual antagonism, whist at the same time endorsing both a civil space bleached of atheism/Christian contestation and ideals of Christianity and atheism as private and non-threatening, deprived of any problematic Otherness.
An Implicit Religious Reflex to Mechanism and a Holistic Alternative
Authors: Hanson Barbara
Published: March 2015

This article looks at how medieval Christian politics and modes of thought have led to a an implicitly religious reflex toward mechanism in social theory. Social theoretical activity of the past 75 years has criticized conceptions of modernity, science, objectivity, and reason as artifacts of European or western thought from the 1500s onwards. Such critiques can be supplemented by looking at the way these ideas grew out of dominant monotheistic Christianity in the Middle Ages (400s–1400s) in territories that later became Europe. They were carried, via religious scholasticism, into the formation and maintenance of academia. This mechanistic reflex persists and might be transformed by alternative holistic epistemology.
“Spirituality”
Authors: Hunt Stephen
Published: March 2015

Legacy of the Founders: From Monks to Missionaries by Nicki Verpoegen. Lutterworth Press, 2012. 148pp. Pb. £15.25. ISBN-13: 97807188-92661.

Subversive Spirituality: Transforming Mission Through the Collapse of Time by Paul L. Jenson. James Clarke, 2009. 392pp. Pb £22.00. ISBN-13: 9780227173572.

Flights of the Soul: Visions, Heavenly Journeys and Peak Experiences in the Biblical World by John J. Pilch. William B. Eerdmans, 2011. 256pp. Pb. $24.00. ISBN-13: 9780802865403.

Perceiving the Divine Body Through the Human Body: Mystical Sensuality by Thomas Cattoi and June McDaniel. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 264pp. Hb. $100.00. ISBN-13: 9780230119741.

The Deepest Sense: A Cultural History of Touch by Constance Classen.University of Illinois Press, 2012. 256pp. Pb. $25.00. ISBN-13: 9780252078590; Hb. $80.00. ISBN-13: 9780252034930.

The Hidden Spirituality of Men: Ten Metaphors to Awaken the Sacred Masculine by Matthew Fox. New World Library, 2008. 368pp. Pb. $16.95. ISBN-13: 9781577316756.

Sanctifying Misandry: Goddess Ideology and the Fall of Man by Katherine, K. Young and Paul Nathanson. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2010. 424pp. Pb. CDN$34.95. ISBN-13: 9780773538733. Hb. CDN$95.00. ISBN-13: 9780773536159.
Study of Religion
Authors: Selvanayagam Israel
Published: March 2015

Introduction to the Study of Religion by Nancy C. Ring. Mary N. MacDonald, Kathleen S. Nash and Fred Glennon. Orbis, 1998. 424pp. Pb. $35.00. ISBN-13: 9781570751837.

The Study of Religion in a New Key—Theoretical and Philosophical Soundings in the Comparative and General Study of Religion by Jeppe S. Jensen. Aarhus University Press, 2003. 509pp. kr. 398.00. ISBN-10: 8779340911.

Key Thinkers in the Sociology of Religion by Richard K. Fenn. Continuum, 2009. 256pp. Hb. $140.00. ISBN-13: 9780826499424.
Służebna rola banków w polskiej gospodarce
Authors: Jaworski Władysław Leopold , Szelągowska Anna
Published: March 2015

As trustworthy public institutions, banks have played – and will continue to play – a key role in the national economy. Over the centuries they have undergone a constant evolution that has broadened their range of services. They have thus been transformed from typical credit institutions into thriving financial conglomerations doing business throughout the financial market. What is more, they have become institutions whose basic aim is profit maximization. But this purely economic aim has left the more and more frequent calls for banks to take social responsibility for the fortunes of the national economy somewhat obscured. As they are institutions granted public licences they should play an ancillary role in the economy. They are granted the privilege of taking deposits, extending loans and managing clients’ money. In return for these privileges they should conduct their business not only for their owners but also for the well-being of the national economy and the prosperity of society. The aim of this paper is therefore to present a synthetic measure of the ancillary role of banks.