bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Líquidos iónicos
Authors: Cholico-González Diana , Ríos Vera Rafael , Gonzalez Muñoz M. P. , Navarro Ricardo , Saucedo Imelda , Avila-Rodríguez Mario
Published: March 2023

En este trabajo se muestran, de manera sucinta, aspectos generales y algunas de las aplicaciones de los Líquidos Iónicos (LI), adentrándonos en los aspectos relacionados con procesos de separación que utilicen como solvente o extractante a los LI, con el objetivo de desarrollar técnicas de separación que tengan un impacto mínimo en el medio ambiente (técnicas de separación sustentables), tanto para la recuperación de especies contaminantes, como en la recuperación de especies con un valor agregado importante.
Sobre-genética
Authors: De la Fuente Hernández Marcela Angélica , Marcos Viquez Jorge Ángel , Orozco Mena Mauricio Adrián , Franco Gallardo José Osman
Published: March 2023

Compartimos al lector un panorama de cómo han ido cambiando los métodos de identificación de acuerdo con las características de los organismos a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad, de tal manera que ahora con la epigenética podemos distinguir una pulga de un humano y entre humanos teniendo una pequeña muestra de ADN.
Nano-elasticidad de los biomateriales en la ingeniería de tejidos
Authors: Flores Merino Miriam V.
Published: March 2023

El estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de los biomateriales es de gran interés para su aplicación en el área de la ingeniería de tejidos. La mayoría de los estudios se han enfocado a las propiedades mecánicas en escala macrométrica, sin embargo el análisis en la escala nanométrica se han visto limitado. Los biomateriales en el área de la medicina regenerativa tienen el objetivo final de estar en contacto con células y a pesar de que tienen un tamaño en la escala microscópica, interactúan a niveles nanométricos con el medio, por tal motivo es de vital importancia el estudio minucioso de los biomateriales a diferentes escalas, desde la macrométrica hasta la nanómetrica. En esta breve revisión se expone la importancia de las propiedades mecánicas a nivel nanométrico.
Biomarcadores moleculares
Authors: Anguiano Vega Gerardo Alfonso
Published: March 2023

Actualmente el conocimiento científico y los avances tecnológicos nos aportan información detallada sobre la relación entre factores ambientales y sus efectos sobre procesos biológicos. Ocasionalmente dicha relación impacta negativamente en la salud de los organismos; usando este conocimiento se han empezado a desarrollar métodos moleculares de diagnóstico e identificación de enfermedades o alteraciones ecológicas; que son registradas mediante cambios en la condición de los organismos evaluados. Dichos cambios pueden ser tan evidentes como la muerte de los individuos en una población o muy sutiles, tales como cambios en la concentración o actividad de biomoléculas como: las proteínas enzimáticas o de respuesta al estrés, cambios en la estructura del ADN y la actividad de genes reguladores. Estas evidencias biológicas a nivel molecular pueden ser consideradas como biomarcadores moleculares.
Editorial del número 15
Authors: Rodríguez González Josefina
Published: March 2023

Con este número de Entretextos sobre “Los nuevos códigos de comunicación” abrimos una nueva etapa para la revista en la que integramos, al formato electrónico, las facilidades que la tecnología nos brinda a fin de hacerla más dinámica y participativa.
KREATIVITAS SISWA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Arsyad Meysarawati , Irmayanti  , Fitriani  , Nurjannah  , Mytra Prima
Published: March 2023

This study aims to describe students' creativity in realistic Mathematics Learning during the covid-19 pandemic. The research approach used is qualitative with descriptive research. The subject of this research are students at UPTD SMPN 12 Sinjai. The research instruments used include observation sheets, questionnaire sheets and interview guidelines. Triangulation used in this research is triangulation with technique. While the data analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that of the 4 research subjects who worked on 2 questions, it was found that all students answered correctly and correctly on question 1, but in question 2 most students answered incorrectly. This is due to a conceptual error in the application of mathematical formulas, some use the concept of a square area and a triangle area even though what is being asked in the problem is the combined perimeter of a square. So that most of the research subjects answered the questions incorrectly. So it can be concluded that realistic mathematics must first understand the basic mathematical concepts and then be able to realize the concepts.
The Occurrence of Gallbladder Carcinoma in Yemeni Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy in Two Hospitals
Authors: Al-Bahlooli Saeed H. , Soltan Ahmed S. , Al-Malahi Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Background: Primary cancer of the gallbladder has wide

geographical, ethnic and cultural variations with poor prognosis.

Currently, there is no study about gallbladder carcinoma in Yemen.

The aim is to detect the occurrence of gallbladder carcinoma in

Yemeni patients undergoing cholecystectomy.

Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of data of

940 patients operated for gallstones in two university hospitals in

Yemen between 2002 and 2006 was carried out with respect to results

of histopathological analysis of gallbladder specimens. There were

872 women and 68 men. Patients who have no histopathological

reports in their files were excluded. Histopathological reports of 838

patients were retrospectively investigated for gallbladder malignancy.

Results: Gallbladder carcinoma was detected in 4 female patients of

median age 66 years. No male patient was affected. Adenocarcinoma

was the variety found in all four cases. All four patients with

gallbladder cancer have history of longstanding gallstone disease.

Conclusion: The study supports the hypothesis that gallbladder

carcinoma is rare and mostly affects elder women with long-standing

gallbladder stones. The occurrence of gallbladder carcinoma in the

targeted sample is significantly less than that of the western countries.

Cooperation between surgeon, sonographist and histopathologist is

strongly advised, particularly when gallbladder malignancy is

suspected
Septum Pellucidum Cyst in Patient with Parkinson’s Disease-minimally Invasive Staged Therapy
Authors: Ghallab K. , Novák Z.
Published: March 2023

Background: The aim of the case report is to present the minimally invasive staged treatment of a patient with motor complications of Parkinson’s disease with a large septum pellucidum cyst.

Material and Method: A two-stage surgical strategy was proposed by the movement disorders team: neuroendoscopic cyst fenestration with subsequent implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes (subthalamic nucleus) depending on the effect of neuroendoscopic treatment.

Results: Despite the technical success of a neuroendoscopic cyst fenestration, as evidenced by a reduction in cyst volume, intraoperative ventriculocystography and postoperative CT showing free communication between the cyst and the ventricular system the motor symptoms caused by Parkinson’s disease remained unchanged. A bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation system was implanted with good functional results as documented by her UPRDS III score in the off-medication state (52 points preoperative and 34 point after 6 years postoperative) and reduction of L-DOPA equivalent dose (60% of the pre-deep brain stimulation level).

Conclusion: Minimally invasive therapy-neuroendoscopic cyst fenestration, followed by a bilateral subthalamic stimulation implantation-led to the substantial and lasting improvement of the patient’s symptoms.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Some New 1,2,4-Triazino[5,6-b]indole Derivatives
Authors: Al-Syari Abdulkarim H. , Hassan Saieba S.
Published: March 2023

The Scheme of this work included the synthesis and characterization of new two series of 1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b] indole and 8-bromo-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b] indole derivatives according to the starting material used. Both, derivatives of 3-thione-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b] indole and 8-bromo-3-thione-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b] indole (3a & 3b) were prepared by using Isatin and 5-bromo isatin as a starting material, the new schiff`s bases (5a & 5b) were synthesized by the reaction of hydrazino indole derivatives (4a & 4b) with aromatic aldehydes. Tetracyclic derivatives (7a & 7b) were prepared by the reaction of hydrazino derivatives (4a & 4b) with carbon disulfide in the presence of pyridine. Also 3-(N-phenyl thiocarbamoyl hydrazino)-1,2,4-triazino-[5,6-b] indole, and 8-bromo-3-(N phenyl thiocarbamoyl hydrazino)-1,2,4-triazino-[5,6-b] indole (6a & 6b) were prepared by the reaction of the compound (4a & 4b) with phenyl thio isocyanate in the presence of DMF. Finally, new Mannich bases (9a & 9b) were prepared by the reaction of the new acetylenic indole derivatives (8a & 8b) with paraformaldehyde and secondary amine in the presence of coprous chloride as catalyst.

These compounds were identified by their melting points and spectral data (IR & UV), and elemental analysis (C,H,N) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used.
A study on the possibility of using cloud accumulation variable for calculating the total quantity of solar radiation falling on the Yemeni terrain
Authors: Ba-raadi Abdulla A. , Al-Saggaf Mohamed A.
Published: March 2023

In the limitation of gathering actual data of the total amount of solar radiation in the presence of clouds from the climatological stations in Yemen, other indirect methods were used to calculate them. A systematic method suggested by two researchers in the literature, viz., Liberlyand T. G., and Sarukinoi, L. I. were applied to give the possibility of calculating the solar radiation by using the actual cloud quantity “ns” available at the stations. This requires only the monthly data of the percentage of the cloud quantity that can be taken from the network stations (coordinates) without referring to the actual values of the cloud quantity of the specified climatological stations "n1".

The results show that the percentage degree of deviation from the total quantity of solar radiation “QRns” when the clouds accumulate "ns" that were calculated using the method introduced by Liberlyand and Sarukinoi from the actual quantity of solar radiation “Qf” taken directly from the climatological stations for Aden, Riyan, Perim Island, Kamaran Island and Sana'a was , , , and respectively.

These percentages are within the allowable ranges for the theoretical calculations in the thermal energy. Consequently, the results give evidence of the possibility for using the total quantity of solar radiation calculated from the cloud accumulation variable “ns" with the use of the theoretical total solar radiation “QRn1” in any station in Yemen instead of “Qf” if its value cannot be obtained or due to the limitation of getting the value of the actual cloud accumulation “n1” in the climatological stations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Molexicam Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT)
Authors: Al Zomor Abdulkarim K. , Al Nethary Mohammed A.
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an oral disintegrant tablet of meloxicam. Drug delivery systems became sophisticated and pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical parameters pertinent to their performance. Over the past three decades, mouth dissolving or orally disintegrating tablets have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets due to better patient compliance.

Orally is the most preferable route of drug administration which has some limited to drug candidate that show poor permeability across the gastric mucosa and those, which are sparingly soluble. A large majority of the new chemical entities and many new existing drug molecules are poorly soluble, thereby limiting their potential uses and increasing the difficulty of formulating bioavailable drug products, so lastly the purpose of this study was to grow mouth dissolve tablets of Meloxicam.

Meloxicam is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which a newer selective COX-1 inhibitor. Different five formulations were prepared in his study and evaluated. These tablets were prepared by direct compress procedure.

Results: The results indicate that formulation number five is the best formula were friability is 0.65% < 1%, wetting time is 5.5 sec. and disintegration time is 18 sec.

Dissolution test indicate that more than 75% of drug dissolve in the first 5min. and assay test is 99.1% which is within the pharmacopeia limit (90-110%). The systematic formulation approach helped in understanding the effect of formulation processing variables.
The Antimicrobial Effect of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Steams, Roots and Leaves of Salvadora Persica on Oral Microbes
Authors: Aleryani Adel Q. , Al-Bader Salah M.
Published: March 2023

Fresh samples of Salvadora persica were collected from Hudiadah province at 23/2/2011 . They include steams ,roots, and leaves . The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared as w/v . (2.5, 5, 10 )% for three plants parts .

The microbial samples were collected from privet dentists clinics in Thamar province by mouth swab and mouth washing methods . S. aureu s S. mutans, , and C. albicans were isolated and a pure cultures were prepared to each microbes for farther studies .The effect of different parts of plant showed high antimicrobial activity of root extract followed by stem and leaves extracts and the antimicrobial effecacy concern positively with concentration. The ethanol extract showed more antimicrobial activity than hot water extract.
Analysis of Torsional Vibrations of Rotary Winding Machines
Authors: Alhunaishi Ahmed Saleh
Published: March 2023

This work is chosen to analyze the rotary winding machines because these machines are existed in our country and this analysis is practical from the side of input values and getting the results. Good rotary winding machine design practice demands the analysis of the system to insure that the reaction due to operation of the machine will not cause damaging vibrations. The widest phenomenon in vibration forms in mechanical transmission is the torsional vibration. The aim of this work is the analysis of the torsional vibrations of these rotary winding machines and to minimize that vibrations and to alleviate recurring costly maintenance problems.

To minimize system dynamic torques it is necessary to spread the torsional natural frequencies. This is best achieved by lowering the fundamental torsional natural frequency. In main rotary winding machine drives this is most readily accomplished by lowering the torsional stiffness at the lead spindle location or, by making the lead spindle torsional flexibility greater by increasing the shaft separation or, if necessary, by using a torsionally flexible spacer. Torsional stiffness is inversely proportional to shaft length. For the solution of the problem one must first of all estimate the physical system parameters taking into consideration the real set of components of a rotary winding machine and then to transform them into a mathematical model. In this work there was also the method of calculation model presented.

The equations of motion of the whole vibrating system are defined and the study include solution of torsional vibration of this machine by using Jacobi method as method of solution because it is easy to program and accurate. A computer program (Math Lab) has been used in order to Facilitate the solution because it is contain already comments specialized to solve the vibration problems. Finally, finding the final results gave a good vision to forecast the failure of the machine that could caused either by errors in design or operating conditions.
الحلول العددية للمعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية الصلبة وغير الصلبة بإستخدام طريقة الشرائح التربيعية
Authors: Murshed Abdulhabib A.A.
Published: March 2023

يتناول هذا البحث الحل العددي لمسائل القيم الابتدائية للمعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية الصلبة وغير الصلبة بإستخدام طريقة الشرائح التربيعية . حيث قمنا بتحويل المعادلات الصلبة وغير الصلبة إلى معادلات فولتيرا التكاملية، وكذلك اختزال مسائل القيم الابتدائية من الرتبة الثانية إلى نظام من إلى معادلات فولتيرا التكاملية من النوع الثاني. النتائج العددية التي تم الحصول عليها تؤكد الاستنتاجات. تم عمل مقارنة بين النتائج العددية التي تم الحصول عليها بطريقة الشرائح التربيعية مع نتائج بعض طرق رونج-كوتا الموجودة بمتوسطات متعددة متضمنة طريقة المتوسط الهندسي، وطريقة المتوسط التوافقي العكسي ، وطريقة متوسط مركز الشكل الهندسي ، وطريقة المتوسط التوافقي ، وطريقة المتوسط الهيروني ، وطريقة جذر متوسط المربعات ، وطريقة المتوسط الحسابي. ووجدنا أن المقارنة حسنة. وتم الحصول على نتائج عددية جيدة من الأمثلة المستخدمة وبذلك نستنتج ومن خلال الأمثلة العددية قوة تأثير طريقة الشرائح التربيعية.
Biochemical Compositions of Urolithiasis among Yemeni Patients
Authors: Aithah Taher
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Since the chemical composition of calculi is very important for the purpose of determining both the origin and etiology, the present study was therefore done to perform the chemical analysis of stones to know the pattern of biochemical composition of stones among Yemeni patients.

Methodology: Kidney stones were sent to Central Laboratory; in Sana’a, the capital of the Republic of Yemen for chemical analysis. The stones were washed in distilled water grinded and powdered in a mortar and were analyzed by samiquantitative method. The poweredred stones and standard both were analyzed for uric acid, cystine, oxalate, carbonates, phosphates; ammonia, calcium and magnesium contents. Data extracted from the records included age, sex, occupation and place of residence. The software SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used for data entry and analysis. Chi-Square test was used to compare between different results. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: One hundred eight (108) stones were analyzed chemically during the period from 1st January, 2010 to 30th October 2011. All patients were Yemeni from different part of the country working in the military and their families were included in the study. The mean age of the participants included in the analysis was 29.65 ± 11.36. There were 94 (87%) stones belonged to males, while 14 (13%) stones to female. The male to female ratio was 6:1.Out of a total of 108 stones, 60 stones (55.6%) were calcium oxalate, 30(27.8%) were uric acid mixed with calcium oxalate and 5 (4.6%) stones were phosphate mixed with calcium oxalate. The association between gender and biochemical composition of renal stones were positive and statistically significant (χ = 19.072, P s= 0.025).
Recent Foraminifera from Socotra Island, Indian Ocean, Yemen
Authors: Al-Wosabi Mohammed A.
Published: March 2023

Twenty five samples were collected from the beach sand of Socotra Island. These samples are covered the northern shoreline of the island. They were treated for extracting the foraminiferal content. Eighty Six foraminiferal species have been identified from the collected samples. These species belonging to 52 genera, 22 subfamilies, 35 families, 16 superfamilies and 6 suborders.

The systematic classification of the recorded species is mentioned and then they were compared with the type- species
تمهيد بيز لنموذج خطي حركي ــ نموذج التدرج
Authors: سالم سلطان علي محمد
Published: March 2023

الـتـمـهـيـد (smoothing)نـوع مـن حـالات الــتـقـديـر لـمـعـلـمـة أو مـتـغـير الحالة( state ,variable ) ، ويـطـلـق عـلـيـه أيضا ( Data _ smoothing ) . ففي هذا البحث تم الاهتمام بتمهيد بيز ( Bayesian Smoothing ) لـنـمـوذج حـركـي خطى هو نموذج التدرج , و استخدام أسلوب بيز في التمهيد يعني إعادة النظر في التقدير ألترشيحي(Filtering Estimation ) فـي ضوء بيانات جديدة وذلك لتحسين التقدير ( Enhancement ) وتقليل نسبة الخطأ . وتوظيف أي بـيـانات جـديـدة فـي عـمـلـيـة الـتـقدير هو نوع من الترشيح العكسي ( Back ward filtering ) للحصول على تقدير أدق لمعلمات الـنـمـوذج(مـتـغـيـر الحالة ) . وقـمـنـا فـي هـذا الـبحث بإبراز المحتوى الرياضي بصورة واضحة تمكن القارئ من التطبيق العملي حال توافر بيانات حقيقـيـة .
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Three Homotrinuclear Metal Complexes Stabilized by tetradentate N-isopentylidine hydrazinedithiocarbamate Schiff base Ligand
Authors: Rasel A. Mukred Rasel A. Mukred
Published: March 2023

The new tetradentate Schiff base ligand (L), which was used as stabilizers for homotrinuclear metal complexes were prepared from condensation of 3-pentanone and ammonium hydrazinedithio-carbamate have been used into in situ reactions with metal chlorides in molar ratio of 3 : 2 (M : L) in ethanol, leads to the Schiff base homotrinuclear metal complexes of the general formula [M3(L)2Cl2(H2O)2] where L = N-isopentylidine hydrazinedithio-carbamate and M= Co (II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), which have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as MM2 calculation by using CsChem3D Ultra program package. The spectroscopic evidences and magnetic data exhibits presence of mixed properties for both the square planar configuration around the center metal ion and the tetrahedral configuration around the two terminal metal ions within the homotrinuclear units.
The Basis of Dealing with Heritage in Sana'a City An Analytical and Critical Vision of the Architectural Changes Panorama 1972-1990
Authors: Al-Kukabani Nadia Yahiya
Published: March 2023

Sana'a city has its own conditions in dealing with its architectural heritage because it has not obtained its political nor social awareness but in late stages. It focused at the beginning of 1962 revolution on stabilizing its new political system and this created a modern capital fit with the major political transformation without paying attention to the form or architectural structure of this capital. Therefore, the modern architecture prevailed to become a characteristic of this city.

After ten years of revolution, and as a result of tracking what was going on in the world, discussing its events, conflicts and cultures through cultural and scientific exchange which began Yemen generally in and Sana'a especially strived to achieve with Arab and western countries, an individual, government and international awareness developed about the great importance of the cultural heritage of Yemen from a general scope and the importance of traditional architecture and the maintenance of the Yemeni identity whose architecture specially incarnates its most important cultural branches.

These social, governmental, and international authorities had adopted a special vision in dealing with heritage through learning lesson from the local experiences in building, through using local building materials and decorating frontages with traditional items incarnated with the values and spirit of traditional architecture to exposure the cultural and historical asset of the traditional architecture through modernity that being witnessed by the world in which Yemen is a part of.

Thus, governmental and architectural models found to use decoration items and traditional building materials for the first time that can be considered as a basis to start dealing with heritage at governmental and social level.

So, the research aims to tackle that perspective which represents the basis of dealing with heritage , analysis and criticism, as it represented a dominant concept which had a great impact on the architectural perspective at that time and later through forming a theoretical frames for heritage's concept in language and architecture, after then how to use it in the architectural works and

studying these works which appeared for the first time on a government level and then appeared in foreign and Yemeni designers' models, and therefore it changed the architectural view, at that time and affected it for later stages.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Maternity Health Workers Regarding Breast Self- Examination in the Governmental Hospitals at Sana'a City, Yemen
Authors: Ismail Nada A. , Al-Mutawakel Adel A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple very low cost and non-invasive adjuvant screening method for the detection of early breast cancer in women. Accordingly, women who correctly practice breast self-examination monthly are more likely to obtain better treatment and survival rate.

Aim: This study aimed to assess maternity health workers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding breast self-examination in Sana'a city, Yemen.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and self-administered structured questionnaire was adapted to collect data from a convenient sample. Informed verbal consent was obtained from participants. Confidentiality of information was maintained throughout the study. KAP survey was carried out among 168 maternity health workers from governmental hospitals.

Results: It was found that 56.5% know about BSE and 50.0% know that it should be performed monthly. The majority (93.5%) believed that BSE is important for early detection of breast cancer. However, only 50.7% perform BSE monthly and 59.2% performed at the second week of menstrual cycle.

Conclusion: Unfortunately, almost only half of the study subject knows about BSE and how many times it should be performed and again only half of them performed monthly. Therefore, there is need for awareness creation on the benefits of BSE as an early detection for breast cancer among female health workers.
Occurrences of Perlite Deposits in Yemen
Authors: Al-Selwi Khaled Mohammed Thabet
Published: March 2023

Yemen, which is lies in South West Asia country, in recent years has been known to occasionally produce small quantities of industrial rocks and minerals. Perlite is deposit of comparatively recent interest, it was first described as; a glassy rhyolite, the perlite occurrences are almost always associated with Cenozoic (Tertiary) volcanic rocks of Yemen as; rhyolitic, agglomerate and volcanic tuff, it widespread in various districts in Yemen, among Taiz and Ibb, Thamar districts..etc.

Yemeni perlite deposits ranges in colour from greyish black, greenish black to almost black and has vitro¬phyric structures, waxy to pearly luster and resemble obsidian rock futures. The perlitic deposits vary in thickness from a few to tens meters, appears as thick to discontinuous layer-shaped, masses that cover several tenth meters and domes.

Petrographic study shows that the Yemeni perlite rocks/ deposits are composed mainly of more than 65% silica groundmass with embedded phenocrysts of quartz, chalcedony, K-feldspars, plagioclase pyroxene, chlorite and iron oxides, showing the similarity with silica groundmass more than 65% Toloshi-Georgian perlite with phenocrysts of chalcedony, orthoclase, sandine, plagioclase, pyroxene, biotite, chlorite and iron oxides.

Chemical analysis shows that the majority of studied Yemeni perlite rocks/ deposits have silica content ranging from 69.99 – 73.22 wt.% with an average 71.07 wt.% and water content from 2.04 – 3.30 wt.% with an average 2.96 wt.%, compared with chemical analysis of the Georgian perlite; silica and water content with an average 71.20 wt.% and 3.46 wt.% respectively, while commercial perlite content silica > 65 wt.% and water content range from 2 – 5 wt.%.

The uses of expanded perlite are many /varied and based primarily upon its chemical and physical properties where perlite has the unusual characteristic of expanding to about 20 times its original volume when heating up to above 871 °C (1600 °F). Perlite deposits in the Yemen volcanic districts were estimated to have resources of at least 65 – 335 million cubic meters.
تقييم الأثر البيئي لسد العامرة في محافظة تعز – اليمن
Authors: الجنيد احمد فاضل
Published: March 2023

إن المتتبع للسدود المقامة في اليمن يلاحظ أن غالبية هذه السدود تعاني كثيرا من الآثار البيئية السلبية . فالتأثيرات البيئية السلبية في الإنسان والموارد المحيطة به من مياه وحيوان وتربة وأراضي زراعية وغيرها من الموارد الطبيعية الأخرى حالت دون تحقيق السد للأهداف التي أنشأ من أجلها كالري والشرب وتغذية المياه الجوفية .

سد العامرة في محافظة تعز هو احد تلك السدود وقد بينت النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها نوع وحجم تلك التأثيرات البيئية السلبية والأضرار المختلفة التي ألحقتها بالإنسان والموارد المحيطة به, كما تم التوصل الى أن السبب الرئيسي في حدوث تلك التأثيرات السلبية هو تلوث المياه في بحيرة السد
When to treat hyperuricemia
Authors: Maharjan Rony
Published: March 2023

Hyperuricemia can lead to gouty arthritis and nephrolithiasis ,however asymptomatic hyperuricemia doesn't need urate lowering therapies.The treatment should be initiated only if there are two or more gout attacks per year,presence of tophi or renal stones or chronic kidney disease stage two or more.
Role of general practitioners in managing common mental-neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders in rural Nepal: a qualitative study from provincial hospital
Authors: Dangal Binod , Pandey Apurva Kumar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Mental health disorders are the leading cause of morbidity worldwide and the prevalence ranges from 4.3% (China) to 26.4% (United States) annually. Depression and anxiety are the leading causes of disability. Major strategies of mental health care in remote Nepal have limited district level care. This study examines General practitioner's role in managing common mental neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders in remote Nepal with collaborative care model.

 

Method: This study employs qualitative approach at Pashupati Chaulagain Memorial Hospital. With purposive sampling technique, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 40 patients (N=40), 3 GPs (N=3) and 1 mental health expert (N=1) done. A 10 minutes long questionnaire comprising 15 items were asked and 30-minute interview was taken.  Thematic analysis was carried out.

 

Result: Patients reported positive experiences of the model. Among 40 patients, mainly 50% comprised of depression, 25% of anxiety disorder, and 15% of Psychosis and 10% comprised of alcohol use disorder. Successful treatment, patient satisfaction, regular services, strong supply chain and counseling by psychosocial counselor were the main rewards in the model. The challenges identified were stigma, poverty, and poor infrastructure development, need of guidance and supervision of the program.

 

Conclusion: General practitioners play an important role in the provision of common mental health disorders in the remote setting of Nepal. A collaborative care model led by GPs have shown promising evidence in treating mental health patients effectively. Developing communication with GP-mental health professionals, organizing training programs for GPs, policy advocacy, motivational benefits and psychotropic medicine management can improve overall mental health care.
Croup
Authors: Shrestha Sitaram
Published: March 2023

Children do suffer from different diseases, some are common in small age group and some are common in all age group during pediatric age group. It is true for Nepal too. Among different diseases, croup is one of them. The viruses infect the nose and throat initially, and then spread along the upper respiratory tract (back of the throat) to the larynx and trachea .As the infection progresses, the top part of the trachea becomes swollen, which narrows the space available for air to enter the lungs. This leads to the symptoms of croup Most children develop a fever, which may range from mild (100.4ÂºF or 38ÂºC) to very high (104ÂºF or 40.5ÂºC). The fever itself does not cause them harm, Croup may have symptoms such as rash, eye redness (called conjunctivitis), and swollen lymph nodes may develop, depending upon the virus causing the illness. Baby may present with dehydration if cannot drink well.
Short study of pattern of pediatric diseases admitted from emergency department of Patan Hospita
Authors: Shrestha Sitaram
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Pattern of diseases among admitted children may be the valuable information for any institution. This study was done to analyze the pattern of diseases admitted through emergency department of Patan Hospital. Methods: This was a hospital based, retrospective and descriptive study, which was done in department of general practice and emergency medicine. All children admitted from emergency up to age 14 were included in study. Results: Total 37000 patient were seen in emergency in 2014. Among them 5957 were admitted out of which 881 were children. Maximum patients were admitted in October. Majority of admitted children were on age group one to five years.Female were more than male. Maximum no of patients admitted were due to pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis and febrile convulsion Conclusion: Pneumonia was the most common clinical diagnosis getting admitted. Any measures to prevent pneumonia in community level needs to be implemented.
Pneumomediastinum following acute cough
Authors: Bajracharya Sumana
Published: March 2023

Spontaneous pneumomediasinum a relatively uncommon entitity. It is usually seen in young and pregnant women. Management includes close observation and supportive management. We report a case of 22 years old male presenting with shortness of breath following acute cough. His clinical finding was suggestive of subcutaneous emphysema. CT scan revealed pneumonediastineum. The patient was admitted and observed for 3 days and was discharged on third day after resolution of his symptoms.
Azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution for treatment of blepharitis
Authors: Sharma Srijana Pradhan , Jun Cai Xiao
Published: March 2023

Blepharitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the lid margins, which may appear as simple hyperemia or as a true inflammation. It may occur in two forms anterior and posterior. The eyelid margins can become inflamed, irritated, and itchy when these glands produce abnormal secretions. Blepharitis is often seen in patients with acne rosacea, a generalized illness of oil glands. Anterior blepharitis is due to inflammation of the lid margin around the lashes. Seborrhoeic blepharitis is similar to dandruff of the scalp. Staphylococcal blepharitis is a result of bacterial infection of the lashes. Allergies due to reactions from mascara, contact lens solutions, and sprays, exposure to animals, environmental chemicals, or airborne allergens can also cause blepharitis.

The single most important treatment principle is a daily routine of good eyelid hygiene ,this includes frequent scalp and face washing, using warm compresses to soak the eyelids, and doing eyelid scrubs but these treatment have very little efficacy in chronic and severe blepharitis. Antibiotic oral and ointment are also prescribed to decrease the bacterial load, other treatment modalities like artificial tear for dry eye and topical antibiotics are used in cases of severe inflammation. Topical antibiotics are recommended to decrease the bacterial load, and topical corticosteroids may help in cases of severe inflammation. Azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% in Durasite has been proposed as a novel treatment for posterior blepharitis. 

In this review I shall focus on Azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of blepharitis based on its good anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and good tissue penetration.
Clinical characteristics of breast cancer patient: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Shah Surendra , Shah Jay N
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Patients with breast cancer have long been thought to have poorer prognosis. It is the 2nd commonest cancer in women in Nepal. The aim of this retrospective study was to conduct a review of data of patients who underwent treatment at Patan Academy of Health Sciences(PAHS) to ascertain the clinico-epidemiological pattern.

Methods: The case report of all patients diagnosed to have breast cancer were examined for age, risk factors, symptoms and clinical findings, site of primary tumor and extent of disease, operative management & histopathological results.

Results: Among 50 cases, all were females(100%). Mean age of presentation was 42yrs. Main presentation was breast lump, among them 20(40%) had pain and 6(12%) had nipple discharge & 16(32%) had ipsilateral axillary lump. Mean duration of symptoms was 4 months. Mean size of tumor was 4x5 cm an main location was upper outer quardant ( 32.4%). Overlying skin was involved in 22(44%) and chest wall fixation was seen in 16(32%). Out of 50 case, 38(76%) received adjuvant treatment. Fourteen patient with locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy first. Histopathologically infiltrating ductal carcinoma was seen in 94%, medullary carcinoma in 3%, lobular carcinoma in 2%, lymphoma in 1%.

Conclusion: In our study, breast carcinoma was prevalent in younger age group commonly in middle class population. Most patients who presented in locally advanced stage were due to lack of awareness and inadequate health care services. Complete treatment was relatively unsuccessful because of poor follow up.
Effect of Metformin in HbA1C in Nepalese type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tiwari Sanjeeb
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Up to now a limited number of studies compared metformin with other OHA directly and some of their results are still controversial.1 The study which compared metformin and other OHA, the ADOPT study, the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), did not include Nepalese diabetic patients . Therefore, the aim of study was the comparative evaluation of metformin and other OHA influence on glycemic control(HbA1c) in Nepalese patients with diagnosed type 2.

Methods: A prospective cross sectional database of patients treated at diabetic clinic, TUTH, were analyzed. Patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c (A1C) data and treated with metformin and other OHA, for at least three visits were included (n = 115). Analysis by HbA1c and the type of oral agent was performed.

Results: In the analyzed group of patients, the mean duration of therapy was for 9 months. Metformin was given to 48 patients and 57 patients were on other OHA. In the metformin group mean HbA1c level (from 7.8 Â± 1.8 at baseline to 6.7 Â± 0.8 at the end of analysis period; p<0.05). The highest mean HbA1c at baseline (7.8 Â± 1.8) was observed in the group treated with metformin; the same group experienced the highest drop in HbA1c levels (by .7, from 7.8 Â± 1.8 to7.1 Â± 0.9). The comparable decrease in HbA1c (by .5 from 7.6 Â± 2.1 to 7.1 Â± 1.2) was also found in the group treated with other OHA.

Conclusion: We conclude that metformin is as efficacious and is a good agent of chice to reduce HbA1c. Our study provides evidence-based data to support metformin use in Nepalese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Dermatological manifestation of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Shrestha R , Basukala M , Shrestha D
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Dermatological abnormalities are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it can vary from xerosis, pruritus to hyperpigmentation, purpuric skin changes, nail abnormalities.

Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study. The objective is to determine the prevalence of skin diseases in chronic kidney disease.

Results: Forty-nine patients (30 males and 19 females) were examined. In this study, the commonest presenting symptom was pruritus in 29(59.2%). Pruritus followed by pain in 15(30.6%) and burning sensation in 9(18.4%). Hyperpigmentation was the most common finding in our study. It was followed by xerosis in 17(34.7%), nail changes in 16(32.7%), eczema in 11(22.4%), steroid induced side-effects like acneiform eruptions in 6 patients (4%) and cushingoid facies in 2 patients. Similarly generalized pruritus were noted in 9 cases (18.4%), tinea in 9 patient (18.4%), herpes zoster and verruca in 7 (14.3%each)patients, herpes simplex in 6 patients (12.2%), bacterial infection in 5 and purpura in 5 patients (10.2%each), followed by urticaria in 4 patients (8.2%), SLE(8.2%), DLE in 2(4.1%), erythema nodosum in 4 (8.2%), pityriasis versicolor in 3(6.1%). Nail changes was seen in 16(32%) and included leuconychia in (40%), koilonychia (24%), subungual hyperkeratosis (20%), onycholysis (10%), meesâ€™ lines (4%) and beauâ€™s lines (2%).

Conclusion: In our study hyperpigmentation was the most common finding followed by xerosis and nail changes.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk and obesity
Authors: Batajoo Kabita Hada , Shrestha Roshana , Sharma Madhusudan
Published: March 2023

Introduction: There are numbers of epidemiological studies that shows clear correlation between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors like systemic hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia. The primary aim of this study was to assess the absolute cardiovascular risk (ACR) and cardiovascular risk factors in obese patient.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at this hospital in a population who came for preventive health checkup package. The study was done over a period of 2 years from April 2011 to march 2013. Hypertension was defined as per JNC-7 guidelines. Lipid profile was assess following the criteria of Third report of National Cholesterol Education. Cardiovascular risk assessment was done by Farmingham risk assessment calculator 2008.

Result: Total 197 people: male 95(55.5%), female 75(44.5%) participated in this study. Out of which 101 (59.4%) had high BMI with equal prevalence among gender. There was significant relation of BMI with high cholesterol and high triglyceride with p-0.021 and p-0.004 respectively. However there was no statistically significant relation with alcohol use, smoking, hypertension and diabetes .The study also revealed that 22% of population had moderate and 18% had high ACR but correlation between ACR and BMI was not significant statistically (p=0.091). .However in routine ultrasound finding there was strong association of fattyliver with high BMI 59% in overweight and in 22% obese which was statistically significant P<0.001

Conclusion: Prevalence of population with BMI above normal was high in this study though it did not show any clear relationship with ACR. However this study has formulated an important hypothesis that high cholesterol can be the only indicator that gives the clue towards cardiovascular risk.
Antibiogram of bacterial isolates from urine at Okhaldhunga Community Hospital: a rural setting in Nepal
Authors: Pal Anjila , Bom Rabin
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Infection of urinary tract is the second most common site of infection after respiratory tract worldwide. The objective of the study is to study the prevalence of positive urine samples and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates in Eastern part of Nepal.

 

Method: A total of 210 Mid-Stream Urine (MSU) samples collected from both inpatient and outpatient departments of Okhaldhunga Community Hospital (OCH) were included in the study. Each urine samples were cultured and the antibiogram of isolates were determined as per CLSI guideline.

 

Result: The prevalence of positive culture was found to be 40.9%. Out of which, 82.5% were identified bacteria. The age group with the greatest number of bacterial isolates was 20-30 years. Altogether five different bacteria were identified. Among these, E. coli was the most predominant isolate (76.1%), followed by S. aureus (16.9%) and K. pneumoniae (4.2%). Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective drug for the Gram-negative bacilli with a sensitivity of 86.3% while Amoxicillin was least effective showing 87.7% resistance. For Gram positive cocci, Chloramphenicol and Cloxacillin were the most effective and Penicillin was least effective drug showing 84.6% sensitivity and 92.3% resistance respectively.

 

Conclusion: The prevalence of positive urine culture was 40.9%. The most effective antibiotic was Nitrofurantoin. Since the isolates showed high resistance towards Amoxicillin and Doxycycline, antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates should be performed time to time to monitor the resistance pattern of the bacteria.
Routes of administration of hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular effects in postmenopausal women
Authors: Sharma Manju , Li Xiao-gang , Li Lu Hong , Huang Rui xia , Yang Yan , Jiang Wei Hong
Published: March 2023

Earlier results of observational data showed beneficial effects with hormone therapy in women after menopause but the large clinical trials such as the Womenâ€™s Health Initiative (WHI), Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) failed to demonstrate protective cardiovascular effects. However, re-analysis of WHI results recommended that the adverse outcomes maybe influenced by several factors such as age, time of initiation, dose, route of hormone therapy and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. In recent times, the use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women is still limited to climacteric symptoms, probably due to insufficient data to support its use in chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, results from The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS), has been expected to provide a definite answer to reduce cardiovascular disease with hormone therapy in postmenopausal women. Based on the results from recent studies, re-analysis of WHI results, and WHI /HERS reports, this article highlights the cardiovascular effects of hormone replacement therapy with different routes of administration in postmenopausal women.
Ureteroscopy and Lithotripsy service in Patan Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Shah Surendra , Poudyal Sanjay , Shah Jay N , Jaiswal Vijay Kumar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: With advent of URSL (ureterorenoscopy and lithotripsy) and other minimally invasive technique viz; SWL (shock wave lithotripsy), PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy), the urinary stones management has taken a giant leap to serve mankind. The aim of this study is to review a wide series of ureteral stones in which ureteroscopy combined with endoscopic lithotripsy was chosen as the first approach for the treatment of ureteral calculi and to study its diagnostic efficacy.

Methods: This is a retrospective study that was carried out in Patan Hospital from Feburary 2010 to Jan 2013. In all cases preoperatively intravenous urography, and a plain film of the urinary tract was taken before the procedure. The operations were carried out with the patient under general anesthesia. Rigid ureteroscopes and the pneumatic lithotripter were used. The fragments were extracted with forceps or baskets assisted with saline flush.

Results: We analyzed the result of URSL done in our hospital for variety of urology problem. We found age group 20-40, being the most common group to develop urinary calculus. Most of our patient had single stone of size >5mm. Upper ureter, mid ureter and distal ureter comprises of 4, 30 and 56 stone respectively. Our success rate of URS insertion is 96%(96/100) with complete stone fragmentation with expulsion of the fragments occurred in 97.8%(88/90). Our major perioperative complication were 3% without mortality.

Conclusion: URS is useful for diagnostic purpose & URSL is safe and treatment of choice for mid and lower ureteic calculus