bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability and accuracy of straightforward measurements for liver volume determination in ultrasound and computed tomography compared to real volumetry
Authors: Seppelt D. , Kromrey M. L. , Ittermann T. , Kolb C. , Haubold A. , Kampfrath N. , Fedders D. , Heiss P. , Hoberück S. , Hoffmann R. T. , Kühn J. P.
Published: July 2022

To evaluate the suitability of volume index measurement (VI) by either ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) for the assessment of liver volume. Fifty-nine patients, 21 women, with a mean age of 66.8 ± 12.6 years underwent US of the liver followed immediately by abdominal CT. In US and CT imaging dorsoventral, mediolateral and craniocaudal liver diameters in their maximum extensions were assessed by two observers. VI was calculated by multiplication of the diameters divided by a constant (3.6). The liver volume determined by a manual segmentation in CT (“true liver volume”) served as gold standard. True liver volume and calculated VI determined by US and CT were compared using Bland–Altman analysis. Mean differences of VI between observers were − 34.7% (− 90.1%; 20.7%) for the US-based and 1.1% (− 16.1%; 18.2%) for the CT-based technique, respectively. Liver volumes determined by semi-automated segmentation, US-based VI and CT-based VI, were as follows: 1.500 ± 347cm3; 863 ± 371cm3; 1.509 ± 432cm3. Results showed a great discrepancy between US-based VI and true liver volume with a mean bias of 58.3 ± 66.9%, and high agreement between CT-based VI and true liver volume with a low mean difference of 4.4 ± 28.3%. Volume index based on CT diameters is a reliable, fast and simple approach for estimating liver volume and can therefore be recommended for clinical practice. The usage of US-based volume index for assessment of liver volume should not be used due to its low accuracy of US in measurement of liver diameters.
Petrological footprints of the millstones of Megara Hyblaea (Sicily Island, Italy) highlight the human interactions with Mediterranean volcanoes
Authors: Santi P. , Chaigneau C. , Renzulli A.
Published: July 2022

A petrographic and geochemical study of several volcanic millstones, representative of 119 artifacts found in the ancient Greek colony of Megara Hyblaea (Sicily Island) and recording the grinding device evolution from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period, unravelled the volcanoes involved as quarrying and production areas. This was possible also through the comparison with available petrographic and geochemical literature data of ancient volcanic millstones found in the whole Mediterranean. Saddle querns, hopper-rubber, rotary Morgantina- and Delian-type millstones of Megara Hyblaea consist of lithotypes belonging to five magmatic series: Tholeiitic, Na-Alkaline, Tholeiitic Transitional, Calcalkaline and High-K Alkaline. A provenance from the Eastern Sicily, i.e. mugearites from Etna and basalts and basaltic andesites from the Hyblaean Mountains were recognized for all the four investigated grinding devices. By contrast, a sea-trade is involved for several saddle querns made of calcalkaline basaltic andesites and andesites lavas (Aegean Islands) and two Morgantina-type millstones consisting of a calcalkaline rhyodacite ignimbrite from the quarrying site of Mulargia (Sardinia). A wide millstone trade, both local (Eastern Sicily) or maritime (Central-Eastern Mediterranean) was thus constrained through six centuries, from the foundation of the Greek colony up to the destruction of the settlement at the end of third century BCE. Finally, Vulture Volcano (southern Italian peninsula) is the most probable candidate for the only leucite- and haüyne-bearing phonolite of the High-K Alkaline Series.
Two-dimensional binary colloidal crystals formed by particles with two different sizes
Authors: Sato Masahide
Published: July 2022

The formation of $$\mathrm {AB_2}$$

AB
2

type two-dimensional binary colloidal crystals was studied by performing Monte Carlo simulations with two different size particles. The effect of interactions between particles and between particles and a wall, and the particles size ratios on the formation of $$\mathrm {AB_2}$$

AB
2

structure were examined. $$\mathrm {AB_2}$$

AB
2

structures formed efficiently when the interaction between equivalently sized particles was smaller than that between differently sized particles. To create $$\mathrm {AB_2}$$

AB
2

on a wall, it was necessary to choose a suitable particles size ratios, and the attraction between the particles and the wall was greater than that between particles.
A complete nicotinate degradation pathway in the microbial eukaryote Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Bokor Eszter , Ámon Judit , Varga Mónika , Szekeres András , Hegedűs Zsófia , Jakusch Tamás , Szakonyi Zsolt , Flipphi Michel , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Gácser Attila , Scazzocchio Claudio , Hamari Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2022

Several strikingly different aerobic and anaerobic pathways of nicotinate breakdown are extant in bacteria. Here, through reverse genetics and analytical techniques we elucidated in Aspergillus nidulans, a complete eukaryotic nicotinate utilization pathway. The pathway extant in this fungus and other ascomycetes, is quite different from bacterial ones. All intermediate metabolites were identified. The cognate proteins, encoded by eleven genes (hxn) mapping in three clusters are co-regulated by a specific transcription factor. Several enzymatic steps have no prokaryotic equivalent and two metabolites, 3-hydroxypiperidine-2,6-dione and 5,6-dihydroxypiperidine-2-one, have not been identified previously in any organism, the latter being a novel chemical compound. Hydrolytic ring opening results in α-hydroxyglutaramate, a compound not detected in analogous prokaryotic pathways. Our earlier phylogenetic analysis of Hxn proteins together with this complete biochemical pathway illustrates convergent evolution of catabolic pathways between fungi and bacteria.
A shift from cattle to camel and goat farming can sustain milk production with lower inputs and emissions in north sub-Saharan Africa’s drylands
Authors: Rahimi Jaber , Fillol Erwann , Mutua John Y. , Cinardi Giuseppina , Robinson Timothy P. , Notenbaert An M. O. , Ericksen Polly J. , Graham Michael W. , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus
Published: July 2022

Climate change is increasingly putting milk production from cattle-based dairy systems in north sub-Saharan Africa (NSSA) under stress, threatening livelihoods and food security. Here we combine livestock heat stress frequency, dry matter feed production and water accessibility data to understand where environmental changes in NSSA’s drylands are jeopardizing cattle milk production. We show that environmental conditions worsened for ∼17% of the study area. Increasing goat and camel populations by ∼14% (∼7.7 million) and ∼10% (∼1.2 million), respectively, while reducing the dairy cattle population by ∼24% (∼5.9 million), could result in ∼0.14 Mt (+5.7%) higher milk production, lower water (−1,683.6 million m3, −15.3%) and feed resource (−404.3 Mt, −11.2%) demand—and lower dairy emissions by ∼1,224.6 MtCO2e (−7.9%). Shifting herd composition from cattle towards the inclusion of, or replacement with, goats and camels can secure milk production and support NSSA’s dairy production resilience against climate change.
Modular mixing of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide supramolecular hydrogelators allows tunable biomimetic hydrogels for control of cell aggregation in 3D
Authors: Hafeez Shahzad , Passanha Fiona R. , Feliciano Antonio J. , Ruiter Floor A. A. , Malheiro Afonso , Lafleur René P. M. , Matsumoto Nicholas M. , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Moroni Lorenzo , Wieringa Paul , LaPointe Vanessa L. S. , Baker Matthew B.
Published: July 2022

Dynamic hydrogels can allow cells to form complex multicellular aggregates. Herein, we show that the dynamics of the hydrogel environment can directly influence the speed and size of cellular aggregates formed by using a modularly tunable supramolecular hydrogel.
Crystal structure prediction of N-halide phthalimide compounds: halogen bonding synthons as a touchstone
Authors: Momenzadeh Abardeh Zahrasadat , Salimi Alireza , Oganov Artem R.
Published: July 2022

Halogen bonding is a preferable synthon based on CSD analysis which successfully suggests the right structures amongst the lowest-energy predicted crystal structures.
Alleviating the stability–performance contradiction of cage-like high-energy-density materials by a backbone-collapse and branch-heterolysis competition mechanism
Authors: Song Qingguan , Zhang Lei , Mo Zeyao
Published: July 2022

Key role of cage-like conformations in alleviating the stability–performance contradiction of HEDMs.
A coordination environment effect of single-atom catalysts on their nitrogen reduction reaction performance
Authors: Han Miaomiao , Huang Youjie , Zhang Haimin
Published: July 2022

O in coordination was found to have a positive effect on the activation of N2, but a negative effect on the stability, while N is the other way around. The coexistence of N and C in coordination leads to a good performance of Fe–N2C2–C.
Isolation, identification and characterization of taste peptides from fermented broad bean paste
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Liao Shiqi , Bi Xiaopeng , Zhao Jie , Liu Ping , Ding Wenwu , Che Zhenming , Wang Qin , Lin Hongbin
Published: July 2022

Pixian broad-bean paste (PBBP) is a famous fermented condiment in China, which may produce abundant flavor peptides during the fermentation process.
Effects of natural waxes on the interfacial behavior, structural properties and foam stabilization of aerated emulsions
Authors: Liu Chunhuan , Zheng Zhaojun , Liu Yuanfa
Published: July 2022

Wax crystals enhanced the elasticity of bubble interfacial films and bulk viscosity by promoting the interaction between fat globules. The addition of natural waxes was a novel strategy to improve the foamability and texture of aerated emulsions.
Droplet transportation by adjusting the temporal phase shift of surface acoustic waves in the exciter–exciter mode
Authors: Sui Mingyang , Dong Huijuan , Mu Guanyu , Xia Jingze , Zhao Jie , Yang Zhen , Li Tianlong , Sun Tong , Grattan Kenneth T. V.
Published: July 2022

The velocity and direction of actuated droplet can be adjusted by changing temporal phase shift of surface acoustic waves in an exciter–exciter mode only.
Fluoride-philic reduced graphene oxide–fluorophore anion sensors
Authors: Kumaran Akhila A. , Chithrambattu Anjali , Vedhanarayanan Balaraman , Rajukrishnan Suresh Babu Adukamparai , Praveen Vakayil K. , Kizhakayil Renuka Neeroli
Published: July 2022

rGO–fluorophore noncovalent conjugates efficient in the selective detection of fluoride ions in the attomolar range are presented. The high affinity of fluoride ions to rGO leads to stable graphite fluoride formation, initiating a turn-on response.
Highly-stable flexible pressure sensor using piezoelectric polymer film on metal oxide TFT
Authors: Jin Taiyu , Ko Park Sang-Hee , Fang Da-Wei
Published: July 2022

Flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor using a-IGZO TFT was prepared and a shielding structure was proposed to stabilize the response current.
Preparation of N/O co-doped porous carbon by a one-step activation method for supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Yuling , Ding Yigang , Fan Baomin
Published: July 2022

Heteroatom-doped carbon materials used in supercapacitors are low in cost and demonstrate extraordinary performance.
Functionalization of aminoalkylsilane-grafted cotton for antibacterial, thermal, and wettability properties
Authors: Alassod Abeer , Shahriari-khalaji Mina , Wang Yujie , Balilonda Andrew , Al Hinnawi Mhd Firas , Yang Shengyuan
Published: July 2022

Multifunctional cotton fabrics with antibacterial activity, wettability, and fire resistance were fabricated. An easy, available and fast aminoalkylsilane grafting reaction was used to modify the surface of cotton fabrics.
Efficient degradation of organic dyes using peroxymonosulfate activated by magnetic graphene oxide
Authors: Shi Yawei , Wang Haonan , Song Guobin , Zhang Yi , Tong Liya , Sun Ya , Ding Guanghui
Published: July 2022

Efficient degradation of organic dyes with PMS and magnetic graphene oxide.
Metal-free synthesis of C2-quaternary indolinones by (NH4)2S2O8 mediated oxidative dearomatization of indoles
Authors: Dong Yu , Qian Jun-Hu , Chen Xiang-Long , Jiang Hui , Li Xue , Zhou Qiang , Mei Ting , Shi Zhi-Chuan , Li Zhong-Hui , He Bing
Published: July 2022

An efficient metal-free, (NH4)2S2O8 mediated oxidative dearomatization of indoles for construction of C2-quaternary indolinones was disclosed which provides an approach for generation of all-carbon quaternary centers at the C2 position of indoles.
Fabrication of graphene-based porous materials: traditional and emerging approaches
Authors: Jahandideh Heidi , Macairan Jun-Ray , Bahmani Aram , Lapointe Mathieu , Tufenkji Nathalie
Published: July 2022

Due to their anisotropic nature, graphene nanosheets can be used to form 3-dimensional porous materials using template-free and template-directed methodologies. These fabrication strategies are found to influence the properties of the final structure.
Spatial distribution of jets in solar active regions
Authors: Odermatt J. , Barczynski K. , Harra L. K. , Schwanitz C. , Krucker S.
Published: July 2022

Context. Solar active regions are known to have jets. These jets are associated with heating and the release of particles into the solar wind.

Aims. Our aim is to understand the spatial distribution of coronal jets within active regions to understand if there is a preferential location for them to occur.

Methods. We analysed five active regions using Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly data over a period of 2–3.5 days when the active regions were close to disk centre. Each active region had a different age, magnetic field strength, and topology. We developed a methodology for determining the position and length of the jets.

Results. Jets are observed more frequently at the edges of the active regions and are more densely located around a strong leading sunspot. The number of coronal jets for our active regions is dependent on the age of the active region. The older active regions produce more jets than younger ones. Jets were observed dominantly at the edges of the active regions, and not as frequently in the centre. The number of jets is independent of the average unsigned magnetic field and total flux density in the whole active region. The jets are located around the edges of the strong leading sunspot.
Stellar wind properties of the nearly complete sample of O stars in the low metallicity young star cluster NGC 346 in the SMC galaxy
Authors: Rickard M. J. , Hainich R. , Hamann W.-R. , Oskinova L. M. , Prinja R. K. , Ramachandran V. , Pauli D. , Todt H. , Sander A. A. C. , Shenar T. , Chu Y.-H. , Gallagher J. S.
Published: July 2022

Context. Massive stars are among the main cosmic engines driving the evolution of star-forming galaxies. Their powerful ionising radiation and stellar winds inject a large amount of energy in the interstellar medium. Furthermore, mass-loss (Ṁ) through radiatively driven winds plays a key role in the evolution of massive stars. Even so, the wind mass-loss prescriptions used in stellar evolution models, population synthesis, and stellar feedback models often disagree with mass-loss rates empirically measured from the UV spectra of low metallicity massive stars.

Aims. The most massive young star cluster in the low metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy is NGC 346. This cluster contains more than half of all O stars discovered in this galaxy so far. A similar age, metallicity (Z), and extinction, the O stars in the NGC 346 cluster are uniquely suited for a comparative study of stellar winds in O stars of different subtypes. We aim to use a sample of O stars within NGC 346 to study stellar winds at low metallicity.

Methods. We mapped the central 1′ of NGC 346 with the long-slit UV observations performed by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on board of the Hubble Space Telescope and complemented these new datasets with archival observations. Multi-epoch observations allowed for the detection of wind variability. The UV dataset was supplemented by optical spectroscopy and photometry. The resulting spectra were analysed using a non-local thermal equilibrium model atmosphere code (PoWR) to determine wind parameters and ionising fluxes.

Results. The effective mapping technique allowed us to obtain a mosaic of almost the full extent of the cluster and resolve stars in its core. Among hundreds of extracted stellar spectra, 21 belong to O stars. Nine of them are classified as O stars for the first time. We analyse, in detail, the UV spectra of 19 O stars (with a further two needing to be analysed in a later paper due to the complexity of the wind lines as a result of multiplicity). This more than triples the number of O stars in the core of NGC 346 with constrained wind properties. We show that the most commonly used theoretical mass-loss recipes for O stars over-predict mass-loss rates. We find that the empirical scaling between mass-loss rates (Ṁ) and luminosity (L), Ṁ ∝ L2.4, is steeper than theoretically expected by the most commonly used recipes. In agreement with the most recent theoretical predictions, we find within Ṁ ∝ Zα that α is dependent upon L. Only the most luminous stars dominate the ionisation feedback, while the weak stellar winds of O stars in NGC 346 and the lack of previous supernova explosions in this cluster restrict the kinetic energy input.
Identifier les activités scientifiques dans les réserves de biosphère françaises : une chasse au trésor ?
Authors: Hervé Christine , Jacob Théo , Sagna Ramatoulaye , Cibien Catherine
Published: July 2022

Le programme scientifique intergouvernemental Man and the Biosphere (MAB) de l’Unesco, dont l’une des missions est de soutenir et d’encourager les activités de recherche, s’appuie sur des territoires particuliers, les réserves de biosphère, définies comme des sites modèles d’étude et de démonstration des approches intégrées de la conservation et du développement. Pourtant, identifier les activités scientifiques dans ces réserves de biosphère se révèle bien plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît. Après avoir questionné la place de la science à l’Unesco, l’originalité de sa conceptualisation au sein du programme MAB et ses conditions structurelles de mise en œuvre, nous expérimentons et discutons, chemin faisant, différentes méthodes afin d’identifier la diversité des activités scientifiques au sein des réserves de biosphère françaises. Dans un contexte d’évolution et de territorialisation de l’action publique, cette enquête exploratoire propose in fine une méthodologie à même d’appréhender la complexité des contributions scientifiques au sein de projets de territoire dont les finalités ne sont pas purement académiques.
The Round-Table project in Kashiwa: a dialogue to reconcile consumers and farmers in the Tokyo suburbs after the Fukushima accident
Authors: Igarashi Y.
Published: July 2022

This paper describes the practice of dialogue between various stakeholders at the Round-Table project in Kashiwa, a radiation hotspot in the Tokyo suburbs after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, where the author played a central role. Kashiwa is both a dormitory town and an important production area for some vegetables, but its residents coming from different regions of Japan and working in Tokyo are not particularly attached to the area, so the dialogue and stakeholder involvement in Kashiwa faced different difficulties than those in Fukushima Prefecture. In this context, after months of deliberate discussions, the Round-Table decided on independent standard value and a protocol for measuring individual farmer’s vegetables and farmland soil. As a result of this optimization process, the farmers who participated in the Round-Table became involved in radiation protection as an extension of their ordinary marketing activities. This paper examines the achievements and failures of the “Eat and Support” campaign in Japan, and discusses the significance of the marketing concept in radiation protection and the strategy of extending trust from a small circle of producers and customers, based on the experience of Kashiwa.
Aktuelle Studien und Evidenz zum Cholangiokarzinom
Authors: Zimpel Carolin , Mitzlaff Katharina , Jasper Nina-Alexandra , Marquardt Jens U.
Published: July 2022

Cholangiokarzinome (CCA) stellen die zweithäufigsten primären Leberkarzinome dar
und umfassen eine heterogene Gruppe aus intra- und extrahepatischen
Gallenwegstumoren. Die Prognose der Patienten ist sowohl aufgrund einer hohen
Rezidivrate als auch häufig später Diagnosestellung in fortgeschrittenen Stadien
eingeschränkt. Den Goldstandard der kurativen Therapie bildet die komplette
Resektion; sie erfordert komplex-onkologische Eingriffe mit ggf. vorgeschalteten
Hypertrophieinduktionen der Restleber zur Sicherung einer postoperativ
ausreichenden Leberfunktion. Als adjuvante Therapie ist eine 6-monatige Therapie
mit Capecitabin etabliert. Die Therapielandschaft im fortgeschrittenen Stadium
der Erkrankung befindet sich aufgrund neuer Daten aus klinischen
Phase-II/III-Studien stetig im Wandel. Einerseits ebneten molekulare Analysen
den Weg hin zu effektiven zielgerichteten Behandlungen von selektionierten
CCA-Patienten mit u. a. Alterationen in FGFR2- oder IDH1-Signalwegen;
andererseits erwiesen sich in aktuellen klinischen Studien immunonkologische
Kombinationsansätze als effektive und sichere All-Comer-Therapien für die
Behandlung eines unselektionierten Patientenkollektivs. Weitere Studien
evaluieren sowohl Kombinationsbehandlungen als auch molekulare Stratifikation
als neue Therapiekonzepte auch in früheren Erkrankungsstadien und werden die
Therapielandschaft und Prognose der Patienten in Zukunft verbessern.
Outcomes in Pituitary Adenoma Causing Acromegaly Following Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Chhabra Rajesh , Kumar Ashwani , Virk R S , Dutta Pinaki , Ahuja Chirag , Mohanty Manju , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam
Published: July 2022

Objectives The objective of this study was the analysis of outcomes after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETSS) in acromegaly in terms of surgical complications, clinical improvement, endocrinological remission, achievement of prognostically critical growth hormone (GH) level, and requirement of additional treatment.

Materials and Methods The study included 28 acromegaly patients, who underwent EETSS. 2010 consensus criterion was used for defining remission. Assessment of prognostically critical GH level (random value less than 2.5 ng/mL), the extent of resection, and additional treatment was done at postoperative week (POW) 12.

Results All adenomas were macroadenomas, with the mean volume of 16.34 cm3 (range, 0.4–99 cm3). Most adenomas had high-grade extensions. Most common suprasellar, infrasellar, anterior, and posterior extension grades were 3 (n = 13), 1(n = 16), 1(n = 14), and 0 (n = 20), respectively. Knosp grade 3 was common on both sides (right, n = 9 and left, n = 8). One patient had already been operated on with EETSS, 1.5 years back from current surgery. Sixteen patients were on hormonal support, preoperatively. Four patients died during follow-up. Postoperative common complications were diabetes insipidus (n = 18), cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (n = 10), surgical site hematoma (n = 3), meningitis (n = 3), hydrocephalus (n = 2), and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (n = 1). The mean hospital stay was 11.62 days, and 12.17 months was the mean follow-up period. At 12 POW, no improvement was seen in body enlargement and visual complaints, but all other complaints improved significantly except perspiration. Adenomas were decreased in all extensions except posterior, and mean adenoma volume was reduced from 16.34 to 2.92 cm3 after surgery. Subtotal resection (STR, n = 10), near-total resection (NTR, n = 7), gross-total resection (GTR, n = 5), and partial resection (PR, n = 2) were achieved. Endocrinological remission and prognostically critical GH levels were attained in 29.17% (n = 7) and 66.67% (n = 16), respectively. NTR, GTR, STR, and PR were associated with 57.14, 40, 10, and 0% endocrinological remission, respectively. Additional treatment was required in a total of 17 patients: 3 GTR, 9 STR, 3 NTR, and 2 PR patients. Ten patients were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery along with medical treatment and seven with medical treatment alone.

Conclusion A successful EETSS can reduce adenoma volume to achieve clinical improvement, endocrinological remission, and prognostically critical GH level with some complications related to surgery. Preoperative larger volume and higher extension grades affect these outcomes adversely.
Negative capacitance regime in antiferroelectric PbZrO3
Authors: Doherty J. , Lynch K. A. , Ponomareva I.
Published: July 2022

The potential of antiferroelectrics to exhibit a negative capacitance regime has been largely overlooked as all the attention focused on their polar counterparts, ferroelectrics. We use nonequilibrium first-principles-based molecular dynamics to probe a negative capacitance regime in prototypical antiferroelectric PbZrO3. Simulations predict that this antiferroelectric can exhibit a negative capacitance/susceptibility regime in response of polarization to an internal electric field, which is a superposition of applied and residual depolarizing fields. Consequently, the regime emerges when the polarization surface charge in the polar phase of antiferroelectric is not fully screened, as is often the case in thin films and nanostructures. The negative capacitance regime occurs below the Curie temperature and disappears in the paraelectric phase. We find that the time the material spends in the negative capacitance regime is proportional to the time needed to complete antipolar–polar (or its reverse) transition and shortens as the frequency of the applied field increases. Moreover, a negative susceptibility value exhibits strong dependence on the quality of surface charge screening with the largest in magnitude values occurring in the vicinity of the transition into a negative capacitance regime.
Study on strain sensing property of fiber Bragg grating based on surface strain measurement of mechanical structure
Authors: Zhang Ruilei , Gong Ziyang , Hong Li , Yang Jingsong , Yu Ruihong
Published: July 2022

Strain monitoring is of great significance to identify the failure of key mechanical components and ensure the good operation of mechanical equipment. In terms of the common issue of the low sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor in strain measurement on the mechanical structure surface, this paper describes a flexible hinge strain sensor with the FBG as the sensitive element. A theoretical analysis of the sensitivity of the sensor is performed, a copper alloy material with a large elastic modulus is selected, the simulation analysis and optimization design for the structural parameters of the sensor are carried out by using ANSYS and Solidworks software, then the object of the sensor is developed according to the simulation results, and finally, the performance of the sensor is tested. The results show that the maximum deformation the sensor can measure is 0.5299 µε, the sensitivity of the sensor is ∼1.8870 pm/µε, which is approximately twice that of the bare FBG sensor, the linearity is greater than 99%, and the relative standard deviation of the repeatability is 0.9%. The results of the study provide a reference for developing the optical fiber strain sensor and further improving its sensitivity.
Hard x-ray spectrometer with high time and energy resolution on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Yuan Guoliang , Wen Zuowei , Wei Lingfeng , Zhang Jinwen , Yang Qingwei
Published: July 2022

A hard x-ray spectrometer based on a φ25 × 25 mm2 LaBr3 scintillator has been developed to measure the runaway electron bremsstrahlung. Simulation results by GEANT4 show that x rays with an energy of 15 MeV can be effectively detected. In order to tolerate a high count rate, a self-made fast shaping amplifier is used to process the detector output into a fast bipolar pulse. The tested energy resolution, which was 3.4% for Cs-137 662 keV gamma rays, shows that the shaping amplifier does not significantly degrade the energy resolution. The results of the HL-2A discharge show that the maximum count rate can reach 2 MHz, and the time resolution of the spectrometer can reach the millisecond level.
Algorithms for seeding social networks can enhance the adoption of a public health intervention in urban India
Authors: Alexander Marcus , Forastiere Laura , Gupta Swati , Christakis Nicholas A.
Published: July 2022

Targeting structurally influential individuals within social networks can enhance adoption of health interventions within populations. We tested the effectiveness of two algorithms to improve social contagion that do not require knowledge of the whole network structure. We mapped the social interactions of 2,491 women in 50 residential buildings (chawls) in Mumbai, India. The buildings, which are social units, were randomized to (1) targeting 20% of the women at random, (2) targeting friends of such randomly chosen women, (3) targeting pairs of people composed of randomly chosen women and a friend, or (4) no targeting. Both targeting algorithms, friendship nomination and pair targeting, enhanced adoption of a public health intervention related to the use of iron-fortified salt for anemia. In particular, the targeting of pairs of friends, which is relatively easily implementable in field settings, enhanced adoption of novel practices through both social influence and social reinforcement.
日籍学习者对汉语空间移动事件描述方法之研究
Authors: Nunome Takako , Wu Shu-Ling , Wang Jun
Published: July 2022

本研究采用了看图写句子的方式考察日籍学习者如何用L2汉语描述空间移动事件。研究结果显示虽然学习者的趋向补语偏误只占4%，学习者的平均趋向补语使用率仅56%，远不如母语者91%的使用率。细部分析学习者的描述方式可发现学习者对处所宾语位置易产生的偏误有自觉，为了避免错误，倾向策略性地回避使用趋向补语。当学习者使用趋向补语的时候，也往往采用不容易产生偏误的简单趋向补语或者“到+目的地”的基本句型。这些语用行为受 L1 的影响相对有限，受L2语内迁移、趋向补语句型复杂度，以及学习者采用的交际策略等因素的影响更大。
基于华语流行歌曲的词汇附带习得研究
Authors: Wang Shan , Wang Shaoming
Published: July 2022

听华语歌曲是汉语学习者在课外接触词汇的主要途径之一。已有对华语歌曲的研究大多是选择个别歌曲进行课堂教学设计，缺少对听歌习得词汇的系统考察。本文首次创建大规模“华语流行歌曲语料库”，包括“华语歌曲语料库”(957874个汉字、679278个中文词例)和“华语热门歌曲语料库”(37911个汉字、26943个中文词例)。在此基础上，统计三大词表对语料库中歌曲的词汇覆盖率、语料库中大纲词汇等级分布、大纲词的频次、超纲词的数量、达到不同理解阈值所需的词汇量等，分析掌握常用词对学习者认识歌词的影响、听歌常接触的大纲词等级、大纲词的复现是否有助于词汇习得、歌曲中的超纲词是否有学习价值、学生感兴趣的话题中的大纲词和超纲词等，并提出歌曲教材编写和多模态歌曲教学的建议。本文在特色语料库建构、大纲词表处理、词汇计量分析、教材编写等方面实现突破，能够为词汇学的理论研究和词汇的教学实践提供重要参考。
“I Am Proud to Be a Traitor”
Authors: Benítez-Castro Miguel-Ángel , Hidalgo-Tenorio Encarnación
Published: July 2022

Neojihadism taps successfully into the Internet’s influence to disseminate its oppression narrative of Muslims vs. non-believers (Al Raffie 2012). Whilst this type of radicalisation has received attention from psychoanalysis (Kobrin 2010), jihadist discourse is in need of more exhaustive examination. By detecting recruiters’ key persuasive strategies, we may understand what can move people to violent action. In this paper, we employ SFL Appraisal Theory (Martin and White 2005;Bednarek 2008,2009;Benítez-Castro and Hidalgo-Tenorio 2019), to undertake a detailed analysis of the interplay betweenemotionandopinionin a pair of exemplars from two jihadist magazines: The Taliban’sAzanand Al-Qaeda’sInspire. The close inspection of these texts reveals two distinct persuasive strategies: One revolving around a markedly negative pathos of victimhood and deep distress caused by injustice, past and present; and the other conveying pride and confidence at the many virtues behind the jihadi path.
From our sisters/to our sisters
Authors: Aguilera-Carnerero Carmen
Published: July 2022

Since the proclamation of the Caliphate in 2014, an unprecedented number of women have fled to Syria to join the Islamic State (IS). This fact, a matter of national security for many countries, has spotlighted the two major official propaganda magazines of the organisation, Dabiq and Rumiyah, since both publications are considered potential recruitment tools. This paper studies the sections addressed to women in the aforementioned magazines to find out: (a) the roles of women within IS as depicted by the two official propaganda channels and (b) the legitimation strategies used by the organisation to justify their claims. To reach these aims, I will study the data considering the legitimation models proposed by van Leeuwen (2008) and Reyes (2011). The analysis will unveil the ideal type of woman any Muslim female joining the armed group should aspire to become.
The jerk and the vertical fall of a shuttlecock
Authors: Reistad Nina
Published: July 2022

Jerk, the derivative of acceleration with respect to time, is a physical concept of great practical significance. However, this concept is rarely mentioned in textbooks and is often neglected in physics education. This paper describes how the concept of jerk can be easily introduced in the study of the dynamics of falling bodies, which are significantly affected by air resistance. In this regard, the vertical fall of two different feather shuttlecocks, a standard and a miniature one, is studied. In this simple vertical fall experiment, air resistance is significant and measurable, implying that the acceleration changes, and thus, the jerk can be determined. The velocity, acceleration, and jerk measurements with time during the vertical fall are described and compared with those from different standard air resistance models. The proposed setup can help initiate a discussion of well-known basic physics concepts and modeling approaches, such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, and particularly the often-neglected jerk concept.
Sensing performance of room temperature operated MEMS gas sensor for ppb level detection of hydrogen sulfide: a review
Authors: Verma Gulshan , Gupta Ankur
Published: July 2022

The presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) determines the air quality of both indoor and outdoor environments. To measure H2S concentration levels in the environment, a variety of sensors have been developed. metal oxide (MO
x
) based gas sensors are among the most interesting class of MEMS sensors, capable of producing highly sensitive, selective, and specific signals in a plethora of chemical and physical signals. Nonetheless, in the presence of moisture, they have poor selectivity and response. However, the sensing performance of MO
x
towards H2S gas is previously reported in a number of studies. Nanotechnology advancements are expected to lead to the progress of highly sensitive, stable, and selective MO
x
-based H2S gas sensors in the future. This review article aims at enlightening the various aspects of H2S gas sensing technology in an unpretentious yet comprehensive manner.
Effect of plasma-flow coupling on the ignition enhancement with non-equilibrium plasma in a sequential combustor
Authors: Shcherbanev Sergey A , Malé Quentin , Dharmaputra Bayu , Solana-Pérez Roberto , Noiray Nicolas
Published: July 2022

The effect of the regime of nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges (NRPDs) on ignition and stabilization of a natural-gas/hydrogen/air flame in the sequential stage of a lab-scale atmospheric pressure sequential combustor is investigated experimentally. Electrical parameters of the NRPDs are characterized by measuring voltage, current, and deposited energy. Fast gas heating (FGH) of the nanosecond discharges is measured in a single pulse regime and validated by means of 0D kinetic modelling. It was found that the conventional scheme for energy release from internal degrees of freedom adequately describes the dynamics of FGH in vitiated hot environment diluted with air. Short-gated ICCD imaging and spatially-resolved emission spectroscopy are used to identify the coupling between the NRPDs and the vitiated hot flow. The effectiveness of the NRPDs actuation is assessed through the

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chemiluminescence images of the sequential flame. The distance of the center of gravity of the sequential flame to the outlet of the mixing channel is evaluated, with and without plasma actuation. The effect of fuel reactivity on plasma effectiveness is also studied by varying the fraction of hydrogen in the fuel blend of the second stage of the combustor. The results show that the glow NRPDs regime allows strengthening the flame anchoring for the most reactive blends considered in this work, while the spark NRPDs is required for the ignition and prevention of lean blow-out of the flame for the least reactive fuel blends which exhibit low fractions of hydrogen.
Self-temperature compensation approach for fiber specklegram magnetic field sensor based on polarization specklegram analysis
Authors: Hu Shicheng , Liu Haifeng , Liu Bo , Lin Wei , Zhang Hao , Song Binbin , Wu Jixuan
Published: July 2022

A self-temperature compensation method based on polarization specklegram analysis and magnetic birefringence effect of magnetic fluid (MF) is proposed for a fiber speckle sensor (FSS). The temperature compensation is achieved by measuring the variation difference of the two specklegrams with vertical linear polarization state. A fiber specklegram magnetic field sensor has been designed with this method and the magnetic-birefringence effect of MF. The measurement of magnetic field with high stability and good repeatability has been successfully achieved, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Due to the merits of low cost, ease of implement and system simplicity, the proposed method can promote the practical use of the FSS in long term monitoring.
Few-shot bearing fault diagnosis based on meta-learning with discriminant space optimization
Authors: Zhang Dengming , Zheng Kai , Bai Yin , Yao Dengke , Yang Dewei , Wang Shaowang
Published: July 2022

In practical industrial applications, the collected fault data are usually insufficient due to the sudden occurrence of faults. However, the current deep-learning-based fault diagnosis methods often rely on a large number of samples to achieve satisfactory performance. Moreover, the heavy background noise and the variability of working conditions also degrade the performance of existing fault diagnostic approaches. To address these challenges, a new fault diagnosis method for few-shot bearing fault diagnosis based on meta-learning with discriminant space optimization (MLDSO) is proposed in this research. First, the fault feature of the rolling bearing is extracted through the tailored networks. Then, the feature extractor is optimized by the discriminant space loss proposed in this paper, to promote the clustering of the extracted fault features of the same category and to distinguish between different types of fault features. Next, the feature extractor and discriminant space optimizer are constructed to optimize the feature discriminant space; thus, a high fault-tolerant discriminant space is obtained for meta-learning. Eventually, the faults in the new task can be accurately classified with the assistance of previously learned meta-knowledge and a few known samples when dealing with new tasks under different working conditions. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed MLDSO method are verified via the datasets collected from our self-designed experimental platform and the Case Western Reserve University test platform. The experimental results show superior performance over the advanced methods. This indicates that the proposed method is a promising approach under small sample situations, heavy noise, and variable working conditions.
Sound waves in a tube: measuring sound pressure profiles using smartphones
Authors: Soares A A , Cantão R F , Pinheiro Jr J B , Castro F G
Published: July 2022

We present an experiment designed to study standing waves in a tube with one closed end. Two smartphones are used, one to emit a sound signal with a chosen frequency and another equipped with a microphone to detect the sound pressure level inside the tube. Due to the finite diameter of the tube, the standing wave node (or antinode) appears slightly outside of its opened end so the end correction is applied. Results show a good agreement with the theory, making this proposal suitable to be applied to secondary school classes. It is a low cost experiment and has the potential to increase the understanding of this physical phenomenon by secondary students.
A low-cost non-conventional method for the determination of the Young modulus of the material of a cantilever
Authors: Biswas Subhrajyoti
Published: July 2022

In this article we present a simple technique for determination of the Young modulus of the material of a metallic ruler using it as a cantilever. This method employs with a slide potentiometer and a digital multimeter. The linear region of potentiometer resistance which is calibrated in terms of length has been used to record the load vs. resistance data. The value of the Young modulus determined from the linear least square fit to the load-resistance data and its value found comparable with the accepted value.
Transverse photonic crystal semiconductor laser arrays
Authors: Fu Ting , Chen Jingxuan , Fan Jian , Wang Yufei , Zhou Xuyan , Qi Aiyi , Wang Xueyou , Xing Xiaoxu , Wang Liang , Qu Hongwei , Dai Yingqiu , Wang Mingjin , Zheng Wanhua
Published: July 2022

Transverse photonic crystal (TPC) laser arrays are designed by effective index method and transfer matrix method, and fabricated by the process of standard photolithography. The fundamental supermode of the TPC laser array possesses a larger optical confinement factor in the active region than those of high-order supermodes, because the propagation constant of the fundamental supermode lies in the forbidden band of the TPC while all the propagation constants of the high-order supermodes lie in the allowed band of the TPC. Therefore, the fundamental supermode can lase firstly near the threshold when the laser is injected with currents. The fabricated TPC laser achieves a single-lobe horizontal far-field pattern under an injection current of 0.3 A, and the corresponding near-field pattern is well confined to the center five waveguides injected with currents. The TPC semiconductor laser array may be a good candidate for optical sources with narrow horizontal divergence angles.
Design and testing of a steering damper for motorcycles based on a shear-thickening fluid
Authors: Urda Pedro , Pérez Javier , Carabias Enrique , Cabrera Juan A , Castillo Juan J
Published: July 2022

This work is intended to show the feasibility of the utilisation of a shear-thickening fluid as working fluid in a steering damper for motorcycles. To that end, a prototype of a steering damper has been designed and then tested under different working conditions. Unlike conventional models, this new steering damper bases its performance on the combination of very simple rod geometries and a shear-thickening fluid of different concentrations. The experiments carried out with a test machine demonstrate that, despite its simplicity and reduced cost of manufacturing, the prototype shows similar behaviour to a conventional high-performance racing steering damper. The Bouc–Wen model has been used to reproduce the behaviour of the shear-thickening fluid-based damper prototype. The parameters of the model have been obtained following an optimization process to fit the model’s response to the experimental data when exciting the damper at different speeds. Results show that the damper’s behaviour can be properly modelled with a single combination of parameters.
Fragile topology in nodal-line semimetal superconductors
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Zhou Tao
Published: July 2022

The fragile topological phase is an exotic phase with unstable edge states. Its nontrivial band topology can be removed by coupling to additional topologically trivial bands. Here we reveal that the fragile band topology can be realized in the inversion symmetric odd parity superconducting nodal line semimetal (SC-NLSM) materials with and without the spin orbital coupling. Without the spin orbital coupling, both the s-wave SC-NLSM and the p-wave SC-NLSM host a pair of Majorana zero modes on the system surface. For the spinful case, it has fourfold inverted bands and generates fourfold degenerate Majorana surface/edge states. However, we verify that for all of the systems we considered, they belong to the fragile topological superconducting system based on the Wilson loop method. The vortex bound states are studied numerically and the results depend strongly on the systems.
Static and dynamic magnetic behaviors of two trimer-decorated graphene-like nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Jin-Qiu , Jiang Yi-Bin , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2022

The mixed spin-5/2 and 1 Ising model is presented for describing two trimer-decorated graphene-like nanoparticles. The magnetic behaviors of the two models are studied using an effective field theory with correlations. Some features are found when the typical parameters, such as, simultaneous transverse magnetic field and anisotropy are considered. The possibility of stable and unstable magnetizations are judged by the lowest energy principle. The compensation and multiple phase temperatures for the magnetization curves depend on various physical parameters. The dynamic magnetic behavior of the system is reported in the periodically oscillating magnetic field.
The Effect of Variation Calcination Temperature of Polystyrene/Tetrahydrofuran (PS/THF) Hydrophobic Layers on Contact Angle and The Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar
Authors: Syaputri Oktaviani , Ratnawulan  , Septiana Delvi , Salam Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Infrastructure development in Indonesia continues to increase, this can be seen from the increasing number of buildings and housing. The house is an important building for humans, one of the important parts of the house is the walls made of bricks and covered with plaster. Its function, which can be used as plaster on walls, makes the authors use mortar as a sample in this study. The drawback is that the existing mortar is easy to grab because it absorbs water. Therefore, the author wants to make a waterproof mortar by providing a hydrophobic layer. This study aims to obtain the optimum value of the contact angle and compressive strength by varying the temperature as the independent variable used, namely 30°C, 60°C, 90°C, 120°C and 150°C. The results showed that the optimal contact angle was 120.7053° with a compressive strength of 258.19 kg/cm2. The temperature calcination relationship with the contact angle and compressive strength of mortar, is the higher the temperature. The temperature relationship with the contact angle and compressive strength of cement mortar is higher than the temperature.
Evaluation of GPM IMERG Products for Extreme Precipitation over Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan Ravidho , Muharsyah Robi , Marzuki  , Yusnaini Helmi , Vonnisa Mutya , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Suryanto Wiwit , Sholihun
Published: July 2022

Accurate information on extreme rain is essential for vulnerability analysis and early warning systems of hydrometeorological disasters. One newly launched satellite that can provide information about extreme precipitation is the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), which produces half-hour grid data through the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrieval for GPM (IMERG) system. This work evaluates the performance of IMERG data to measure extreme precipitation indices over Indonesia. Three types of GPM IMERG data: IMERG-Early, IMERG-Late, and IMERG-Final, were validated by rain gauge data in Indonesia for extreme rain indices from 2016 to 2019. Overestimated values for extreme precipitation indices were dominated by low-intensity precipitation such as PRCPTOT, R1mm, and CDD indices. On the contrary, underestimated values of extreme precipitation indices dominated by high-intensity precipitation such as R90p, R95p, R50mm, and RX1day indices. Moreover, the different types of IMERG data showed a similar pattern with slightly different values for identifying extreme precipitation indices. Thus, a more comprehensive study is needed to improve GPM IMERG in observing the extreme precipitation over Indonesia.