bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chang Gung Research Database: Multi‐institutional real‐world data source for traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan
Authors: Shao Shih‐Chieh , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng , Huang Tse‐Hung , Hung Ming‐Jui , Tsai Ming‐Shao , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Chan Yuk‐Ying
Published: February 2021

Background

The Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), the largest multi‐institutional electronic medical records collection in Taiwan, has been used to establish real‐world evidence related to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). We aimed to evaluate patient characteristics and representativeness of TCM patients in CGRD.

Methods

We identified a cohort of patients who had TCM records both from CGRD and from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) during 2010–2015 to investigate the representativeness of CGRD for TCM uses. The NHIRD was considered as reference because it covers all medical claims from 99.9% of the entire Taiwanese population. We investigated the coverage rates of TCM patients within CGRD compared to NHIRD, and compared the characteristics of patients between CGRD and NHIRD including age, sex, and 15 health conditions.

Results

We identified 71 002 average annual patients within the CGRD, which accounted for 1.1% of the patients from the NHIRD. The patients from CGRD were older than those from NHIRD (≥65: 16.6% vs. 9.9% for CGRD vs. NHIRD). The ratios of female over male patients were 1.7 vs. 1.5 for CGRD vs. NHIRD. We found higher patient coverage rates for patients with major comorbidities in CGRD, specifically for neoplasm (9.2%) and mental disorders (6.0%). The most frequently prescribed Chinese herbal medicines in CGRD included Jia‐Wei‐Xiao‐Yao‐San, Xiang‐Sha‐Liu‐Jun‐Zi‐Tang and Gui‐Lu‐Er‐Xian‐Jiao.

Conclusion

Higher patient coverage rates were found in CGRD for TCM patients with major comorbidities. Investigators should note possible selection bias since TCM patient disorders may be more severe in CGRD than in the NHIRD.
Phenotypic plasticity of European larch radial growth and wood density along a‐1,000 m elevational gradient
Authors: Escobar‐Sandoval Margarita , Pâques Luc , Fonti Patrick , Martinez‐Meier Alejandro , Rozenberg Philippe
Published: February 2021

Why this research Matters

Phenotypic plasticity is a key mechanism for sedentary long‐living species to adjust to changing environment. Here, we use mature Larix decidua tree‐ring variables collected along an elevational transect in the French Alps to characterize the range of individual plastic responses to temperature. Stem cores from 821 mature Larix decidua trees have been collected from four plots distributed along a 1,000‐m elevational gradient in a natural forest to build up individual linear reaction norms of tree‐ring microdensity traits to temperature. The sign, magnitude and spread of variations of the slopes of the individual reaction norms were used to characterize variation of phenotypic plasticity among plots and traits. Results showed a large range of phenotypic plasticity (with positive and negative slopes) at each elevational plot and for each tree‐ring variable. Overall, phenotypic plasticity tends to be larger but positive at higher elevation, negative at the warmer lower sites, and more variable in the center of the elevation distribution. Individual inter‐ring reaction norm is a valuable tool to retrospectively characterize phenotypic plasticity of mature forest trees. This approach applied to Larix decidua tree‐ring micro‐density traits along an elevation gradient showed the existence of large inter‐individual variations that could support local adaptation to a fast‐changing climate.
Training students from rehabilitation professions on communicating with patients with communication disorders
Authors: Mach Helen , Baylor Carolyn , Burns Michael , Yorkston Kathryn
Published: February 2021

Background

FRAME, a mnemonic referring to a program for helping health care providers adapt patient–provider communication when working with patients with communication disorders, improves the knowledge, confidence, and communication skills of medical students for working with this population. However, the impact of the FRAME program for preparing students from the rehabilitation disciplines to work with patients with communication disorders is unknown.

Objective

To examine the effects of the FRAME program on the knowledge, confidence, and communication skills of students in physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and prosthetics and orthotics (P&O) in terms of how to communicate effectively with patients with communication disorders.

Design

An exploratory, quasi‐experimental pretest‐posttest design.

Setting

PT, OT, and P&O clinical education programs at the University of Washington's Department of Rehabilitation Medicine.

Participants

Twenty rehabilitation students (PT = 12; OT = 7; and P&O = 1) participated in the FRAME training.

Interventions

The FRAME program, delivered in a single, 2‐hour session teaches students communication skills to use with patients with various types of communication disorders.

Main Outcome Measures

A quiz of students' knowledge about communication disorders and a self‐rating of confidence for interacting with this patient population were used. Speech‐language pathology graduate clinicians rated students' use of communication strategies from each area of the FRAME training during interactions with standardized patients portraying aphasia and dysarthria. Student qualitative feedback were also collected.

Results

Students' knowledge, confidence, and use of communication strategies improved significantly following training. Greatest gains were observed in students' ability to familiarize themselves with how a patient communicates and establish a method of communication before proceeding with the interview. Qualitative feedback aligned with these findings.

Conclusions

The FRAME program increases the knowledge, confidence, and use of communication strategies in rehabilitation students in order to communicate more effectively with patients with communication disorders in their future careers.
Polyimides with low coefficient of thermal expansion derived from diamines containing benzimidazole and amide: Synthesis, properties, and the N‐substitution effect
Authors: Qian Guangtao , Dai Fengna , Chen Haiquan , Wang Mengxia , Hu Mengjie , Chen Chunhai , Yu Youhai
Published: February 2021

Three novel diamines, incorporating benzimidazole and amide moieties, namely 4‐amino‐N‐(5‐amino‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐benzamide (6a), 4‐amino‐N‐(5‐amino‐1‐ methyl‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐benzamide (6b), and 4‐amino‐N‐(5‐amino‐1‐phenyl ‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐benzamide (6c), were designed and synthesized. A series of poly(benzimidazole‐amide‐imide) (PBIAI) films were prepared from the resulting diamines and 4,4‐biphthalic dianhydride (BPDA). These flexible polyimides (PIs) showed high glass transition temperatures (Tg = 353–379°C), low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE = 3.7–12.3 ppm K−1) and good mechanical properties (σ = 152–207 MPa and E = 4.5–7.7 GPa), promising candidates for applications in flexible‐display substrates. Furthermore, the data guided a feasible method to enhance Tg and reduce CTE by introducing benzimidazole and amide units into PI main chains, and the effect of different N‐substituents on performance was revealed.
Role of primary care in the management of prostate cancer
Authors: Ridgway Alexander J , Aning Jonathan J
Published: February 2021

GPs play an important role in identifying and referring men with suspected prostate cancer for further investigation, and are also increasingly responsible for the management of men with stable disease in the community. This article gives an overview of the recommended approaches to diagnosis and management of prostate cancer with a focus on the role of primary care.
The future of clinical pharmacology in the NHS
Authors: Walker Lauren , Bennett Frances , Scourfield Andrew , Payne Rupert
Published: February 2021

Clinical pharmacologists are well placed to address the growing challenges of multimorbidity and polypharmacy through their expertise in medicines optimisation and experience working at the interface between primary and secondary care. However, the speciality needs to improve its visibility in order to highlight the clinical and economical value it can bring to the NHS.
SIGN on managing osteoporosis and fragility fracture prevention
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: February 2021

The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) has recently revised its guideline on the management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures (SIGN142), incorporating key recommendations on assessment of fracture risk, treating postmenopausal women and systems of care. This article provides a summary of the updated guidance.
How the prescription charge system works ‘Down Under’
Authors: Thompson Angus
Published: February 2021

In the second of three articles, Angus Thompson continues his reflections on the differences in prescribing and medicines management between the UK and Australia, this time looking at prescription costs, quantities and generics.
Wiener polarity index and related molecular topological descriptors of titanium oxide nanotubes
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Malik Mehar Ali , Javed Ramsha
Published: February 2021

The relations between the physico‐chemical properties of a chemical compounds its molecular structure properties are used in quantitative structure activity and property relationship studies by using graph‐theoretical techniques. The Wiener polarity index is the number of unordered pairs of vertices lying at distance3in a graph. This index is correlated to the cluster coefficient of chemical networks. The Wiener polarity index has been used to exhibit quantitative structure–property relationships in a series of acyclic and cycle‐containing hydrocarbons. In this paper, we consider three variants of the graph of titanium oxideTiO2, that is, two‐dimensional lattice, nanotubes and nanotorus. For all these graphs, we compute the number of pairs of vertices lying at distance one, two and three. Using this information, we compute the Wiener polarity index and leap Zagreb indices of these graphs.
Adaptive decentralized sensor failure compensation control for nonlinear switched interconnected systems with average dwell time
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xiang Zhengrong
Published: February 2021

In this article, we investigate the adaptive decentralized output feedback sensor failure compensation control issue of nonlinear switched interconnected systems. A new switched state observer is designed based on the false state information for estimating unmeasured states. To address the challenges incurred by the partial loss of the effectiveness of sensors, a novel adaptive failure compensation mechanism containing error signals is adopted. Mode‐dependent adaptive laws that can explicitly reflect switchings of the system are designed. A decentralized adaptive failure‐tolerant controller is constructed by using backstepping technique. It is proved that the presented scheme can guarantee that the system outputs track the reference signals and all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded with average dwell time switchings. A practical simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented scheme.
An integrated satellite–terrestrial 5G network and its use to demonstrate 5G use cases
Authors: Evans Barry , Wang Ning , Rahulan Yogaratnam , Kumar Satish , Cahill Joe , Kavanagh Mark , Watts Simon , Chau Duy‐Kha , Begassat Yann , Brunel Alain‐Pierre , Masson Thierry , Diarra Mamoutou
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we present a satellite‐integrated 5G testbed that was produced for the EU‐commissioned Satellite and Terrestrial Networks for 5G (SaT5G) project. We first describe the testbed's 3GPP Rel. 15/6‐compliant mobile core and radio access network (RAN) that have been established at the University of Surrey. We then detail how satellite NTN UE and gateway components were integrated into the testbed using virtualization and software‐defined orchestration. The satellite element provides 5G backhaul, which in concert with the terrestrial/mobile segment of the testbed forms a fully integrated end‐to‐end (E2E) 5G network. This hybrid 5G network exercised and validated the four major use cases defined within the SaT5G project: cell backhaul, edge delivery of multimedia content, multicast and caching for media delivery and multilinking using satellite and terrestrial. In this document, we describe the MEC implementations developed to address each of the aforementioned use cases and explore how each MEC system integrates into the 5G network. We also provide measurements from trials of the use cases over a live GEO satellite system and indicate in each case the improvements that result from the use of satellite in the 5G network.
Investigating the Influence of Reflux Condensation Reaction Temperature on the Growth of FeCo2O4 Thin Film for Flexible Supercapacitor
Authors: Kamble Gokul , Kashale Anil , Rasal Akash , Dengale Suraj , Kolekar Sanjay , Chang Jia Yaw , Han Sung‐Hwan , Ghule Anil
Published: February 2021

Metal oxides are at the forefront for supercapacitors (SCs) applications considering their unique properties like rapid charge transport and ability to provide more active sites. In this respect, FeCo2O4 nanostructures with varying morphology are designed by reaction temperature variations (80, 100, 120, and 140 °C) in facile reflux condensation synthesis. These different structures are grown onto the flexible stainless‐steel mesh (FSSM) and investigated as an electrode in SCs. FeCo2O4 prepared at 120 °C shows good electrochemical performance and offers 106.85 m2/g specific surface area, 0.1531 cc/g pore volume, and demonstrate hierarchical mesoporous construction. FeCo2O4 nanoflakes demonstrate 260 F g−1 specific capacitance at 1 mA cm−2 and 96.16 % retention of capacitance (over 1000 cycles) supporting considerable cycle stability. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device demonstrates 15.27 Wh kg−1 energy density and promising charge‐discharge stability (80 % retention up to 2000 cycles).
Hybrid Compounds Containing a Ferrocene Scaffold as Potential Antimalarials
Authors: Peter Sijongesonke , Morifi Eric , Aderibigbe Blessing A.
Published: February 2021

Malaria is an infectious disease, and it remains a serious health problem globally. The drugs developed for its treatment suffer from several shortcomings such as low water solubility, poor bioavailability, drug toxicity, and resistance. Molecular hybridization of different bioactive agents is a promising approach for developing hybrid compounds with improved therapeutic effects. Ferrocene, an organometallic, has been hybridized with several pharmacophores resulting in compounds with potent biological activities. In this research, a modified ferrocene scaffold was hybridized with selected pharmacophores. The synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), and Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectroscopy. The hybrid compounds were obtained in good yields (53–76 %). In vitro evaluation against NF54 (drug‐sensitive) strain of Plasmodium falciparum parasites revealed the compounds, 16 and 19 (hybrids containing artesunate scaffold), together with 18 and 21 (hybrids containing oleanolic acid scaffold), as promising antimalarial agents. These compounds displayed IC50 values of 116.73±3.18, 56.33±15.20, 78.22±21.05, and 58.22±15.20 nM, respectively. These findings revealed the potency of ferrocene as a precursor for the development of promising antimalarials.
Autocatalytic Friedel‐Crafts Acylation of Arenes without Additional Catalyst and Additive
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Tian Xinzhe , Tang Peichen , Ren Yun‐Lai , Zhao Shuang , Zheng Xianfu , Cheng Xinqiang
Published: February 2021

A new and autocatalytic method was developed for Friedel‐Crafts acylation of arenes without additional catalyst and additive. A series of electron‐rich arenes underwent the acylation to give the targeted product in low to high yields by using aryl, alkyl and vinyl acyl chlorides as the acylating reagent, which gave an effective method for the preparation of diaryl ketones, alkyl aryl ketones and α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggested that the present acylation displayed an induction period and a sigmoid kinetic profile characteristic of autocatalytic systems, and the resulting H+ played a role of the catalyst.
Economic freedom, pandemics, and robust political economy
Authors: Candela Rosolino A. , Geloso Vincent
Published: February 2021

What is the relationship, if any, between economic freedom and pandemics? This paper addresses this question from a robust political economy approach. As is the case with recovery from natural disasters or warfare, a society that is relatively free economically offers economic actors greater flexibility to adapt to pandemics. We argue that societies that are more economically free will be more robust to the impact from pandemics, illustrated by shorter time for economic recovery. We illustrate this relationship by testing how initial levels of economic freedom (at the start of the major influenza pandemics of the 20th century) temper contractions and accelerate recoveries for 20 OECD countries.
Evaluating the robustness of self‐consolidating concrete: An approach to the mix design procedure
Authors: Rissardi Cristyan Zenato , Gil Augusto Masiero , Ehrenbring Hinoel Zamis , Li Zongjin , Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca
Published: February 2021

This paper aimed to develop a method to analyze and rank self‐consolidating concrete (SCC) according to its robustness, considering isolated and simultaneous variations in its main components, like water (±6%) and cement content (ΔC±), in three matrices with binder to aggregate ratio (rich, intermediate and poor). In the experimental campaign, only water variations (±6%) were considered, and the cement content variations were considered in the analytical method. The method regarded the behavior of SCC in fresh and hardened states and turned out to be potentially useful to the academic community and the industry. The simple additive weighting method was used for that reason, which is probably the most adopted among methods for decisions with multiple variables due to its simplicity. Among the families studied, the poor mixture presented the lowest robustness with variation in water content due to the higher initial w/c ratio. However, for the condition ΔC±, the poor mixture achieved the second‐best robustness index. The rich mixture behaved differently as it was ranked second for ±6% of water and the worst for ΔC± due to slump‐flow and segregation results. The intermediate matrix presented the highest robustness in both conditions analyzed, water (±6%), and cement content (ΔC±).
Utilizing a maximin optimization approach to maximize system resiliency
Authors: Liaghati Hassan Robert , Mazzuchi Thomas A. , Sarkani Shahram
Published: February 2021

Complex systems typically have a large parameter space and by definition have the potential for strong emergent behavior, especially when operating in a complex environment. A method is needed to design a system that will be resilient in a complex target operating environment. Here, we propose a maximin optimization approach to support the exploration of system design, based on co‐evolutionary system/environment models, which emphasizes the importance of the operating environment in the system evolution, resulting in increased system resilience. In this paper, this method is demonstrated on an air defense system and shows an increase in resilience when compared to the system resulting from the application of a genetic algorithm such as has been previously demonstrated for other systems. For the air defense system used here, the proposed maximin optimization process significantly (, via a one‐sided paired t‐test) increased the resulting system resilience from 0.64 (the resilience of the system designed by a genetic algorithm) to 0.92 (the resilience of the system designed by maximin optimization).
Targeted Reading Instruction: Four Guiding Principles
Authors: Aiken Heather H. , Bratsch‐Hines Mary , Amendum Steve , Vernon‐Feagans Lynne
Published: February 2021

This article describes four key principles from Targeted Reading Instruction (TRI, formerly called Targeted Reading Intervention), an evidence‐based early reading intervention and professional development program. Focused on accelerating the growth of students not yet meeting grade‐level expectations, one‐on‐one 15‐minute daily TRI lessons engage students in developing phonemic awareness, phonics knowledge, decoding, fluency, vocabulary, and beginning reading comprehension. Four key principles guide TRI, which can be applied to classroom reading instruction. First, all work is done in the context of real words and connected text, placing meaning at the heart of instruction. Second, lessons keep it moving, as they follow a consistent structure, use activities to achieve multiple objectives, and make use of all available resources. Third, TRI teachers let the student do the work, engaging students in productive struggle. Fourth, explicit teaching of skills such as blending provides students with unique strategies to become confident independent readers.
A grim anniversary – 20 years since burning pyres marred our landscape
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: February 2021

Georgina Mills reflects on the 2001 foot‐and‐mouth outbreak and the lessons that have been learned since then.
Investigation of cardiorespiratory effects of the selective 5‐HT4 agonist BIMU‐8 in etorphine‐immobilised goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in a randomized, blinded and controlled trial
Authors: Tod Nadine , Stalder Gabrielle , Rauch Hanna , Boehmdorfer Stefan , Haw Anna , Gerritsmann Hanno , Painer Johanna , Meyer Leith
Published: February 2021

Background: Opioid‐induced respiratory compromise remains a significant challenge in etorphine‐immobilised wildlife. Serotonergic agonists offer a potential avenue for preventing or treating opioid‐induced respiratory compromise. We therefore aimed to determine whether the selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5‐HT4) agonist, BIMU‐8, reverses opioid‐induced respiratory compromise in etorphine‐immobilised goats.

Methods: Seven healthy adult goats were immobilised with etorphine, then treated with BIMU‐8 or sterile water 5 minutes later in a randomised, prospective cross‐over study. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at 1‐minute intervals from 4 minutes before etorphine to 15 minutes after its administration. Arterial blood gas analyses were also performed before and after etorphine administration and the respective treatments.

Results: Intravenous injection of BIMU‐8 attenuated etorphine‐induced respiratory compromise, as indicated by improvements, compared to baseline and between treatments, in respiratory rate (fR), peripheral arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and the alveolar‐arterial oxygen partial pressure gradient (P(A‐a)O2). BIMU‐8 caused an increase in heart rate and a temporary decrease in arterial blood pressure. Mild movements and slight muscle spasm occurred but BIMU‐8 did not reverse immobilisation.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that BIMU‐8 may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment, or prevention, of etorphine‐induced respiratory compromise in immobilised ungulates.
Infrastructure‐scale sustainable energy planning in the cityscape: Transforming urban energy metabolism in East Asia
Authors: Taminiau Job , Byrne John , Kim Jongkyu , Kim Min‐whi , Seo Jeongseok
Published: February 2021

Transformation of the urban energy metabolism is possible when sustainable energy is positioned as an infrastructure‐scale tool. A review of urban energy planning research is complemented by an examination of assessment methods in use to gauge the feasibility of planning sustainable energy as a new infrastructure to power cities. A case study analysis of the city of Daejeon is offered to operationalize this planning strategy. In particular, the integrated application of the “savings city” and “solar city” concepts where, respectively, citywide deployment of energy efficiency and rooftop photovoltaic energy systems is envisioned at a large‐scale, is explored for Daejeon through the innovative use of geospatial assessment methods and a visualization tool that can guide urban policy. This assessment and its visualization illustrates not only grid energy use divisions throughout the city but also reveals possible energy planning trajectories in pursuit of positioning sustainable energy as urban infrastructure. The assessment finds that cities like Daejeon could fulfill over half of their electricity service needs through in‐city deployment of sustainable energy at the infrastructure‐scale. Cities that embark on this “sustainable city” trajectory essentially reform the lived experience of “the city” and reshape the city‐energy relationship.

This article is categorized under:

Energy Efficiency > Systems and Infrastructure

Energy Policy and Planning > Systems and Infrastructure

Energy and Urban Design > Systems and Infrastructure
Breeding program in rehabilitated bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gephyreus) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Loureiro Julio D. , Migliorisi Ana L. , Loureiro Juan P. , Rodríguez Heredia Sergio , Rebollo Jorge , Álvarez Karina C. , Morón Sergio , Nuñez Favre Romina
Published: February 2021

Tursiops truncatus gephyreus is only found in the inshore waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. They are organized in small socially, structured groups, which lead to low genetic variability and high anthropogenic threats. Currently, the information about their reproductive biology and management is still insufficient. Thus, this study aims to present novel information recorded for 20 years regarding reproductive parameters in a small population of captive T. t. gephyreus. Three of the animals involved were found stranded in La Plata River estuary and, the other two were born at the oceanarium. Thirteen semen evaluations showed high‐quality semen with a low percentage of sperm abnormalities. Twelve pregnancies and parturitions were observed. There was a clear calving seasonality during austral spring and summer. The duration of phase‐2 of labor was approximately 80 min, being the caudal presentation the most frequent. The average inter‐birth interval (IBI) was about 33 months. This is the first report that closely monitored parturition, IBI, and seminal evaluation in this species. Information gathered during this program will allow the development of adequate conservation plans for free‐ranging populations.
If time were a graph, what would evolution equations look like?
Authors: Hussein Amru , Mugnolo Delio
Published: February 2021

Linear evolution equations are considered usually for the time variable being defined on an interval where typically initial conditions or time periodicity of solutions is required to single out certain solutions. Here, we would like to make a point of allowing time to be defined on a metric graph or network where on the branching points coupling conditions are imposed such that time can have ramifications and even loops. This not only generalizes the classical setting and allows for more freedom in the modeling of coupled and interacting systems of evolution equations, but it also provides a unified framework for initial value and time-periodic problems. For these time-graph Cauchy problems questions of well-posedness and regularity of solutions for parabolic problems are studied along with the question of which time-graph Cauchy problems cannot be reduced to an iteratively solvable sequence of Cauchy problems on intervals. Based on two different approaches—an application of the Kalton–Weis theorem on the sum of closed operators and an explicit computation of a Green’s function—we present the main well-posedness and regularity results. We further study some qualitative properties of solutions. While we mainly focus on parabolic problems, we also explain how other Cauchy problems can be studied along the same lines. This is exemplified by discussing coupled systems with constraints that are non-local in time akin to periodicity.
Regulation of tamoxifen sensitivity by the PLAC8/MAPK pathway axis is antagonized by curcumin-induced protein stability change
Authors: Mao Misha , Hu Dengdi , Yang Jingjing , Chen Yongxia , Zhang Xun , Shen Jianguo , Teng Rongyue , Zhou Jichun , Wang Linbo
Published: February 2021

Tamoxifen resistance remains the major obstacle to the estrogen receptor positive breast cancer endocrine therapy. Placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PLAC8 function in the context of tamoxifen resistance are unclear. Curcumin has attracted considerable attention in the last decades. It is isolated from Curcuma longa and has beneficial effects in cancer therapy. We studied this property by using MCF-7 and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/TAM) cell lines. PLAC8 can regulate MCF-7/TAM cell drug sensitivity through the MAPK/ERK pathway and shows the potential effects of curcumin or as a possible druggable target against tamoxifen failure.
Human autonomy, technological automation (and reverse)
Authors: Chiodo Simona
Published: February 2021

We continuously talk about autonomous technologies. But how can words qualifying technologies be the very same words chosen by Kant to define what is essentially human, i.e. being autonomous? The article focuses on a possible answer by reflecting upon both etymological and philosophical issues, as well as upon the case of autonomous vehicles. Most interestingly, on the one hand, we have the notion of (human) “autonomy”, meaning that there is a “law” that is “self-given”, and, on the other hand, we have the notion of (technological) “automation”, meaning that there is something “offhand” that is “self-given”. Yet, we are experiencing a kind of twofold shift: on the one hand, the shift from defining technologies in terms of automation to defining technologies in terms of autonomy and, on the other hand, the shift from defining humans in terms of autonomy to defining humans in terms of automation. From a philosophical perspective, the shift may mean that we are trying to escape precisely from what autonomy founds, i.e. individual responsibility of humans that, in the Western culture, have been defined for millennia as rational and moral decision-makers, even when their decisions have been the toughest. More precisely, the shift may mean that we are using technologies, and in particular emerging algorithmic technologies, as scapegoats that bear responsibility for us by making decisions for us. Moreover, if we consider the kind of emerging algorithmic technologies that increasingly surround us, starting from autonomous vehicles, then we may argue that we also seem to create a kind of technological divine that, by being always with us through its immanent omnipresence, omniscience, omnipotence and inscrutability, can always be our technological scapegoat freeing us from the most unbearable burden of individual responsibility resulting from individual autonomy.
Methodology for the definition of the optimal assembly cycle and calculation of the optimized assembly cycle time in human-robot collaborative assembly
Authors: Gualtieri Luca , Rauch Erwin , Vidoni Renato
Published: February 2021

Industrial collaborative robotics is an enabling technology and one of the main drivers of Industry 4.0 in industrial assembly. It allows a safe physical and human-machine interaction with the aim of improving flexibility, operator’s work conditions, and process performance at the same time. In this regard, collaborative assembly is one of the most interesting and useful applications of human-robot collaboration. Most of these systems arise from the re-design of existing manual assembly workstations. As a consequence, manufacturing companies need support for an efficient implementation of these systems. This work presents a systematical methodology for the design of human-centered and collaborative assembly systems starting from manual assembly workstations. In particular, it proposes a method for task scheduling identifying the optimal assembly cycle by considering the product and process main features as well as a given task allocation between the human and the robot. The use of the proposed methodology has been tested and validated in an industrial case study related to the assembly of a touch-screen cash register. Results show how the new assembly cycle allows a remarkable time reduction with respect to the manual cycle and a promising value in terms of payback period.
3-D Axisymmetric Transonic Shock Solutions of the Full Euler System in Divergent Nozzles
Authors: Park Yong
Published: February 2021

We establish the stability of 3-D axisymmetric transonic shock solutions of the steady full Euler system in divergent nozzles under small perturbations of an incoming radial supersonic flow and a constant pressure at the exit of the nozzles. To study 3-D axisymmetric transonic shock solutions of the full Euler system, we use a stream function formulation of the full Euler system for a 3-D axisymmetric flow. We resolve the singularity issue arising in stream function formulations of the full Euler system for a 3-D axisymmetric flow. We develop a new scheme to determine a shock location of a transonic shock solution of the steady full Euler system based on the stream function formulation.
Functional neurological disorder and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of misdiagnosis and clinical overlap
Authors: Walzl Dennis , Solomon Andrew J. , Stone Jon
Published: February 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and functional neurological disorder (FND) are both diagnostically challenging conditions which can present with similar symptoms. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify patients with MS who were misdiagnosed with FND, patients with FND who were misdiagnosed with MS, and reports of patients with both conditions. In addition to FND, we included studies of patients with other functional and psychiatric disorders where these caused symptoms leading to investigation for or a diagnosis of MS, which in a different context would likely have been labeled as FND. Our review suggests that MS is one of the most common causes of misdiagnosis of FND and vice versa. We discuss the clinical errors that appear to result in misdiagnoses, such as over-reliance on psychiatric comorbidity when making a diagnosis of FND or over-reliance on neuroimaging for the diagnosis of MS, and practical ways to avoid them. Comorbidity between these two conditions is also likely common, has been poorly studied, and adds complexity to diagnosis and treatment in patients with both MS and FND. Misdiagnosis and comorbidity in a landscape of emerging evidence-based treatments for both MS and FND are issues not only of clinical importance to the care of these patients, but also to treatment trials, especially of MS, where FND could be a hidden confounder.
Consensus on tasks to be included in a return to work assessment for a UK firefighter following an injury: an online Delphi study
Authors: Noll Liam , Mallows Adrian , Moran Jason
Published: February 2021

Objective

The aim was to provide a consensus tasks needed to be included in a return to work assessment for operational firefighters.

Methods

A two round online Delphi study was conducted with twenty-four participants including firefighters, service fitness advisers and occupational health managers. A consensus was set at 70% agreement. In round one, participants completed an online survey relating to tasks to be included during a return to work assessment for firefighters following an injury. Round two was an online consensus meeting to discuss the tasks where consensus was not achieved.

Results

A consensus was reached for ten of the thirteen tasks, including the number of repetitions required when lifting a light portable pump and climbing a ladder. A consensus was reached for the total distance equipment which should be carried. This included carrying a ladder, a hose and a light portable pump.

Conclusions

This study has provided a consensus for tasks to be included when assessing a firefighter for return to work. Further research is needed to understand how to use this assessment optimally
Survival advantage of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for advanced gastric cancer: experience from a Western tertiary referral center
Authors: Rosa Fausto , Galiandro Federica , Ricci Riccardo , Di Miceli Dario , Longo Fabio , Quero Giuseppe , Tortorelli Antonio Pio , Alfieri Sergio
Published: February 2021

Background

Selection criteria and prognostic factors for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intra-operative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have not been well defined and the literature data are not homogeneous. The aim of this study was to compare prognostic factors influencing overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in a population of patients affected by AGC with surgery alone and surgery plus HIPEC, both with curative (PCI, Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index >1) and prophylactic (PCI=0) intent.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was conducted in patients affected by AGC from January 2006 to December 2015. Uni- and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors were performed.

Results

A total of 85 patients with AGC were analyzed. Five-year OS for surgery alone, CRS plus curative HIPEC, and surgery plus prophylactic HIPEC groups was 9%, 27%, and 33%, respectively. Statistical significance was reached comparing both prophylactic HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p = 0.05), curative HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p = 0.03), and curative vs prophylactic HIPEC (p = 0.04).

Five-year DFS for surgery alone, CRS + curative HIPEC, and surgery + prophylactic HIPEC groups was 9%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Statistical significance was reached comparing both prophylactic HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p < 0.0001), curative HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p = 0.008), and curative vs prophylactic HIPEC (p = 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with AGC undergoing surgery plus HIPEC had a better OS and DFS with respect to patients treated with surgery alone.
Three layers of abstraction: a conceptual framework for theorizing digital multi-sided platforms
Authors: Poniatowski Martin , Lüttenberg Hedda , Beverungen Daniel , Kundisch Dennis
Published: February 2021

The digital economy has brought about multi-sided platforms as superior configurations for value co-creation. However, the academic discourse on platforms is scattered across academic disciplines—including management, information systems, and economics. Based on a systematic literature review of 140 papers from nine disciplines, we inductively develop a framework that provides a conceptual point of reference for conducting boundary-spanning research on digital multi-sided platforms. Systematizing the identified concepts, we introduce three layers of abstraction: conceptualizing platforms as information systems, as systems for actor engagement, or as ecosystems. Our framework conceptualizes digital multi-sided platforms as nested hierarchies of systems that are shaped by, and in interaction with, their environment. This view focuses on designing IT artifacts, governance mechanisms, and strategies for platforms in terms of how they interact with their environment. Practitioners can use our insights to analyze, design, and manage platforms aimed at establishing a sustainable competitive advantage.
Slow Uptake of PrEP: Behavioral Predictors and the Influence of Price on PrEP Uptake Among MSM with a High Interest in PrEP
Authors: van Dijk Mart , de Wit John B. F. , Guadamuz Thomas E. , Martinez Joel E. , Jonas Kai J.
Published: February 2021

Despite the improved availability and affordability of PrEP in the Netherlands, PrEP uptake is low among men who have sex with men (MSM). To optimize uptake, it is important to identify facilitators and barriers of PrEP use. During our study period, the price of PrEP dropped significantly after generic PrEP was introduced. We investigated whether the price drop predicts PrEP uptake, alongside behavioral and demographic characteristics. Participants (N = 349) were recruited online and completed three questionnaires over a period of 6 months, between February 2017 and March 2019. After 6 months, 159 (45.6%) participants were using PrEP. PrEP uptake was greater among MSM who ever had postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment, among MSM with a better perceived financial situation, and when the price of PrEP dropped. MSM in a tighter perceived financial situation may use PrEP more when it would be free or fully reimbursed.
Attitudes towards housing equity release strategies among older home owners: A European comparison
Authors: Hoekstra Joris , Dol Kees
Published: February 2021

The ageing of European societies, the mounting pressure on pension systems, the rise of home ownership and the growth in house prices have sparked interest in housing equity release options and strategies. Much of the available literature approaches this topic through a financial lens, focusing on equity release schemes as a way to free up housing equity while remaining in the dwelling. However, there are also other ways in which housing wealth can be extracted, such as downsizing, moving to a rental dwelling or subletting part of the dwelling. There is very little recent international comparative insight into the perceptions and preferences of older home owners with regard to this matter. Which housing equity release strategy do they prefer and why? And to what extent is their decision to release housing equity influenced by the bequest motive? Based on focus group research in six European countries (Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands), this paper observes some general trends and identifies a number of country specific variations.
Clinical significance of checkpoint regulator “Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)” expression in meningioma: review of the current status
Authors: Karimi Shirin , Mansouri Sheila , Nassiri Farshad , Bunda Severa , Singh Olivia , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Dunn Ian F. , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Most meningiomas are benign; however, a subset of these tumors can be aggressive, presenting with early or multiple tumor recurrences that are refractory to neurosurgical resection and radiotherapy. There is no standard systemic therapy for these patients, and post-surgical management of these patients is usually complicated due to lack of accurate prediction for tumor progression.

Methods

In this review, we summarise the crucial immunosuppressive role of checkpoint regulators, including PD-1 and PD-L1 interacting in the tumor microenvironment, which has led to efforts aimed at targeting this axis.

Results

Since their discovery, checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the outcome in many types of cancers. Currently, targeted therapy for PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins are being tested in several ongoing clinical trials for brain tumors such as glioblastoma. More recently, there have been some reports implicating increased PD-L1 expression in high-grade (WHO grades II and III) meningiomas. Several clinical trials are underway to assess the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in the therapeutic management of patients with aggressive meningiomas. Here, we review the immune suppressive microenvironment in meningiomas, and then focus on clinical and pathological characterization and tumor heterogeneity with respect to PD-L1 expression as well as challenges associated with the assessment of PD-L1 expression in meningioma.

Conclusion

We conclude with a brief review of ongoing clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of high-grade and refractory meningiomas.
MMSE is an independent prognostic factor for survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: van der Meulen Matthijs , Dirven Linda , Bakunina Katerina , van den Bent Martin J. , Issa Samar , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Bromberg Jacoline E. C.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

To assess the value of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)-score at baseline in predicting survival in adult primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients.

Methods

In the HOVON 105/ ALLG NHL 24 phase III study patients with newly-diagnosed PCNSL were randomized between high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Data on potential (MMSE-score), and known baseline prognostic factors (age, performance status, serum LDH, cerebrospinal fluid total protein, involvement of deep brain structures, multiple cerebral lesions, and the IELSG-score) were collected prospectively. Multivariable stepwise Cox regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of all factors on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with available MMSE score at baseline. Age was analyzed as continuous variable, the MMSE-score both as a continuous and as a categorical variable.

Results

In univariable analysis, age, MMSE-score and whether the patient received rituximab were statistically significantly prognostic factors for PFS. Age and MMSE-score were statistically significantly associated with OS. In a multivariable analysis of the univariately significant factors only MMSE-score was independently associated with the survival endpoints, as a continuous variable (HR for PFS 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; OS 1.06 (95% CI 1.02–1.10) and as categorical variable HR (< 27 versus ≥ 27 for PFS 1.55 (1.02–2.35); OS 1.68 (1.05–2.70). In our population, performance status, serum LDH, and CSF protein level were not of prognostic value.

Conclusion

Neurocognitive disturbances, measured with the MMSE at baseline, are an unfavorable prognostic factor for both PFS and OS in adult PCNSL patients up to 70 years-old.
Plant, soil and faunal responses to a contrived pH gradient
Authors: Duddigan Sarah , Fraser Tandra , Green Iain , Diaz Anita , Sizmur Tom , Tibbett Mark
Published: February 2021

Purpose

To build a more holistic understanding of soil pH change we assessed the synchronised effects of a contrived soil pH change on soil chemistry, vegetation growth and nutrition, and soil faunal abundance and diversity.

Methods

We established a fifteen year old field experiment with a contrived pH gradient (pH 4.3 to 6.3) and measured the effect on soil chemistry, plant biomass and elemental composition and the impact of these changes on soil fauna (earthworms, nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades) and biological indices (based on ecological group structures of earthworms and nematodes). A single 20 × 20 × 20 cm soil block was excavated from each sample site to directly attribute biotic parameters in the block to the abiotic (soil) conditions.

Results

Acidification affected the extractable concentrations of Al, Ca, Mn and P and the C:N ratio of the soil and caused a reduction in plant Ca (rs for pH vs Ca = 0.804 p < 0.01), an increase in plant Mn (rs = −0.450 p = 0.019), along with significant decrease in root:shoot ratio (rs = 0.638, p < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between pH and earthworm index (rs = 0.606, p < 0.01), and a negative correlation between pH and nematode index (rs = −0.515, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Soil pH influenced the mobility of Ca, Al, Mn and P, which in turn has impacted on plant tissue chemistry and plant biomass ratios. Linked changes in soil chemistry and vegetation had a corresponding effect on the abundance and diversity of nematodes and earthworms in the soil blocks.