bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A FCM Runoff Model for Small Rivers with Rainfall Recharge. 2. Parameterization and Verification
Authors: Gartsman B. I. , Gubareva T. S. , Shamov V. V. , Lupakov S. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The specific features of the parameterization and verification of FCM model were analyzed, and the data published before, as well as new results of the authors’ field observations, are systematized. The parameterization algorithms and the results of model testing in different regions with the predominance of rain floods in river regime are described. The basis and empirical confirmation of some principal hypotheses of FCM are discussed and the so-called effect of basin buffer storage is considered. This most vivid manifestation of the nonlinearity of the extreme runoff formation is, though a rare, but principally important phenomenon in the formation of extraordinary rain floods.
River Runoff in European Russia under Global Warming by 1.5 and 2 Degrees
Authors: Kalugin A. S.
Published: April 2024

The ECOMAG hydrological model was used to evaluate runoff characteristics in the basins of the major rivers in European Russia: the Volga, Don, Northern Dvina, Pechora, and Kuban. The models of runoff formation for various hydrometric gauging stations in these basins were calibrated using data of weather station observations. Next, the input data were represented by the data of an ensemble of global climate models for assessing the regional hydrometeorological regime at the realization of a scenario of global warming by 1.5 and 2°C in the XXI century relative to the preindustrial values. The reproduction of the annual and seasonal runoff by data of climatic models was evaluated by comparison with observation data. According to the results of numerical experiments at global warming by 1.5 and 2°C, the values of the relative changes in river runoff in European Russia increase from N to S and from E to W, i.e., the hydrological systems under milder climate were found to be more sensitive to changes in the meteorological characteristics. The estimation of runoff anomalies in the European Russia showed the following common features: an increase in the winter runoff in the northern rivers and in the Volga basin, a decrease in the spring snowmelt runoff in the Northern Dvina, Volga, and Don, a decrease in the summer–autumn runoff of all studied rivers with various intensity. In this case, the annual runoff of the Pechora will show a positive trend, and that of the Northern Dvina, Volga, Don, and Kuban, a negative trend.
Expected Changes in Evaporation in the Taiga Zone of European Russia in the XXI Century
Authors: Nadyozhina E. D. , Shkol’nik I. M. , Sternzat A. V. , Pikalyova A. A.
Published: April 2024

Model estimates were made for changes in the actual evaporation of boreal forests in the taiga zone of European Russia caused by climate evolution in the XXI century. Climate changes were forecasted using the results of calculations by an MGO regional climate model. The space and time specification of the forecast data was made with the use of a model of the atmospheric boundary layer. Variations of the forecasted changes due to the use of different methods to calculate evaporation were studied. Calculations based on an additional (complementary) relationship, determining the actual evaporation with the use of standard meteorological characteristics were compared with observations and calculations based on a detail model of energy transport in a forest massif. The model values of the actual evaporation in the XXI century increase all over the European Russia. The effect of the intensity of dry periods on the evolution of actual evaporation is analyzed. It is shown that, despite the arid climate, the effect of dry periods on taiga forests will be moderately negative.
The Applicability of Various Pedotransfer Functions to the Description of Soils
Authors: Ryazanova A. A. , Bogomolov V. Yu. , Medvedev A. I.
Published: April 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of the hydrophysical characteristics, obtained with the use of pedotransfer functions, and the hydrophysical characteristics from the global soil set.
Parameterization of Water Transparency in Natural Water Bodies
Authors: Golosov S. D. , Zverev I. S. , Terzhevik A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

A new parameterization is presented to describe the space and time variations of Secchi depth depending on the integral phytoplankton biomass and surface water temperature. The parameterization was verified against field data in lakes with different types of physiographic and chemical–biological characteristics—from deep oligotrophic northern regions of Lake Ladoga to shallow hypereutrophic Pskovskoe Lake. The results of verification show that the new parameterization can be used for solving a wide range of either hydrothermodynamic or hydrobiological problems. In particular, in the simulation of the thermal regime of water bodies, the proposed parameterization can be used to evaluate the coefficient of extinction of solar radiation. In the development of models to describe aquatic ecosystem functioning, the new parameterization can be used to evaluate the thickness of the trophogenic layer and phytoplankton primary production.
Water aerosol in an artificial analogue
of natural dall lightning
Authors: Cheremisin A. A. , Isakov V. P. , Shishkin E. A. , Onishchuk A. A. , Parmon V. N.
Published: April 2024

This article is dedicated to the study of a brightly glowing spherical formation called a plasmoid, which occurs with a special type of pulsed electric discharge above the water surface. The lifespan of a luminous ball is quite long; therefore, it is considered as an analogue of ball lightning, the nature of which has not yet received an exhaustive scientific explanation. An attempt is made to find out whether or not an aerosol is present in a plasmoid and what its chemical and dispersed compositions are. It is shown that when a laser beam passes through a plasmoid, the scattering of laser radiation on aerosol particles of different sizes is clearly observed. It has been established that the interior of a plasmoid is filled with an aqueous aerosol, which includes two fractions: one of them consists of particles of the submillimeter range, while the other contains a medium-dispersed aerosol. The total volume of the particles is estimated at several cubic centimeters. Hopefully, the results obtained will make it possible to advance in understanding the processes occurring during the formation of not only plasmoids but also natural ball lightning.
Migration processes in Africa and the problem of security: For the second summit “Russia–Africa”
Authors: Sidorova G. M. , Zherlitsyna N. A.
Published: April 2024

It is well known that in recent decades the scale of migration processes has been increasing, covering almost all continents. The article attempts to assess migration in Africa in the Sahel and sub-Saharan countries, both legal and illegal, to identify its causes, and to establish the connection between conflicts and their consequences. In addition, the task was set to analyze the main migration routes. The authors studied migration processes in countries such as Burkina Faso, Niger, DR Congo, Central African Republic, Chad, and others. These countries are united by the weakness of state security forces, which are not yet capable of independently solving national security problems. Extremist organizations such as Boko Haram, terrorizing the local population, complicate the situation. The former metropolises cannot solve the security problem either. The novelty of the study lies in the establishment of the relationship between conflicts and migrations. The conclusion is formulated that the problem of migration can be solved only under the condition of the political and economic strengthening of the countries of the region, when external assistance will be directed not to armaments, but to development purposes. An important role in ensuring the security of borders and civilians should belong to internationally supported national security forces. According to the authors, in the near future, while the unstable military-political and economic situation in a number of states continues, migration on the continent will only intensify.
Tasks of spatial development of Russia from the point of view of demographic processes and national security
Authors: Tkachenko A. A.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the problems of Russian national security caused by demographic and migration processes. The solutions proposed in the “Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025” and other strategic documents are considered. It explains why territories are classified as geostrategic, with special attention paid to the Far East and the Arctic zone. The significant differentiation of the subject regions according to the main socio-demographic indicators, reflecting the level and quality of life in them, is studied. Substantively considering attempts to identify depressed regions, the author raises the question of the advisability of resuming the development of a criteria-based system of indicators to equalize the degree of development of regions. With regard to the country's migration security, possible measures are shown to reduce the outflow of population from the territory of the Far East. Two tasks of strategic importance are identified, the solution of which will help strengthen national security—reducing the mortality rate of the working-age population and regulating internal migration flows.
Russian-language education in the former Soviet national republics in the last 30 years
Authors: Aref’ev A. L.
Published: April 2024

This article is based on statistical data and the results of expert surveys and the author’s assessments of changes in Russian-language education in the former Soviet national republics in the period from the 1991/1992 academic year to that of 2019/2020. It is shown that the changes in the number of school and university students who received education in Russian in the last 30 years (after the collapse of the Soviet Union) are overall irreversible. At the same time, recently, including in connection with demographic processes and some other factors, the number of school students studying in Russian-speaking classes and schools in a number of Central Asian republics has begun to increase.
Territorial shifts in anthropogenic pressure on the environment in post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Klyuev N. N.
Published: April 2024

The changes in production and population in Russian regions for the years 1990–2020 are considered as an indirect indicator of the changes in the total anthropogenic pressure on the environment. It is shown that the pressure increases primarily in well-developed territories and decreases in vast underdeveloped areas. A new environmentally unfavorable trend in environmental pressures is the relative shift to coastal regions, i.e., to the vulnerable and recreationally attractive coasts of the Atlantic seas as well as the Caspian Sea. Simultaneously, there is a clear northeastern vector in the development of the mining industry, which leads to the formation of new local centers of large-scale impacts on ecologically significant and vulnerable landscapes of East Siberia, the Far East, the European North, and the shelf zones. In the 21st century, most of the main mining regions have increased their extraction of mineral resources: half of them by 50% or more and a quarter by 200% or more. It is shown that the environmental situation is more likely to deteriorate further in the regions with a strong increase in anthropogenic pressure than it is to improve in the regions that are now leaders in terms of reducing adverse impacts.
Assessment of investment in the adaptation of the economy to consequences of permafrost degradation in Russia
Authors: Porfiriev B. N. , Eliseev D. O. , Kolpakov A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

This article is dedicated to the methodology of assessing the expected damage from permafrost degradation to fixed assets and its impact on the Russian economy. A forecast for the development of Russia’s economy until 2050 is presented with account for the consequences of permafrost degradation, including changes in the main macroeconomic indicators. Scenarios for adapting the economy to the consequences of degradation have been developed considering the variable cost of adaptation measures. It is shown that investments in adaptation measures in the amount of about 5% of the cost of the expected accumulated damage are effective in terms of risk reduction and maintaining macroeconomic dynamics in the long term (2023–2050).
Conditions and factors of scientific, technical, and innovative development of the economy
Authors: Todosiichuk A. V.
Published: April 2024

In the context of the transition of the world economy to a new technological basis, leadership in science and technology and the accelerated implementation of scientific research results in production to ensure a full innovation cycle are becoming key factors in increasing the country’s competitiveness. The state of the scientific, technological, and innovative potential of our country and the mechanism to implement state scientific, technical, and innovation policy, including the financing of science and innovation from the federal budget, are analyzed, and measures are proposed to improve it to increase the effectiveness of scientific, scientific, technical, and innovative activities and the competitiveness of the national economy.
"They fought for their Country": Russian literature in the days of the Battle of Stalingrad
Authors: Kornienko N. V.
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of the most important dates in the historical chronicle of the Battle of Stalingrad and their reflection in Soviet literature of those years: journalism, poetry, stories, egodocuments of writers. Material from periodicals of the summer of 1942 is used; special attention is paid to works created during the days of the Battle of Stalingrad and included in the golden fund of Russian classics. The reconstruction of the chronicle of literary events of the summer and fall of 1942 proposed in the article highlights the special place of L.N. Tolstoy’s military prose, the traditions of which became decisive in the creation of the literary chronicle of the Battle of Stalingrad both in 1943 and in subsequent decades.
Problems of standardizing agent-based model description and possible ways to solve them
Authors: Makarov V. L. , Bakhtizin A. R. , Rossoshanskaya E. A. , Doroshenko T. A. , Samsonova N. A.
Published: April 2024

The problem of standardizing the description of agent-based models is considered. The foreign experience in solving this problem is studied in detail, and the authors' developments are proposed. In the course of this study, a critical analysis of the existing standards (the original ODD protocol and its updates and modifications) was carried out. An adapted translation of the ODD protocol for use in Russian-language publications was proposed. The need to develop a separate standard for describing agent-based models intended for approbation of management decisions was substantiated. The structure of the standard was proposed, and the prospects for its application were described. The scientific novelty and practical significance of this study consists in the development and justification of the first Russian-language standard for describing agent-based models with account for domestic experience, terminology, and the best examples of models’ description, as well as in the proposal to create an open registry of applied models that would provide interaction with potential users of agent-based decision support systems developed by research teams.
Review of the book by N.A. Kuperstokh and I.A. Kraineva The Institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center Are Named after Them
Authors: Marchuk A. G.
Published: April 2024

A monograph by Novosibirsk historians of science N.A. Kuperstokh and I.A. Kraineva is reviewed.
Stages of the Battle of Stalingrad and the participation of Romanian troops
Authors: Morozov M. E.
Published: April 2024

A modern concept of the history of the Battle of Stalingrad and the role assigned by the top military−political leadership of Germany to the troops of one of its satellite countries, Romania, is presented. Romanian dictator I. Antonescu responded to the wishes of the leadership of the Third Reich, significantly increasing the grouping of Romania’s armed forces on the Soviet−German front. Nevertheless, for a number of reasons, this did not become a passport to success for the Axis troops during the battles for Stalingrad, becoming instead one of the main causes of their defeat during Operation Uranus, the Soviet counteroffensive in the vicinity of Stalingrad. As a result of the crushing defeat, which in its scale for Romania exceeded the catastrophe of the 6th Army for Germany, most of the Romanian troops were withdrawn from the Soviet−German front.
Stalingrad: The feat of creation
Authors: Permyakov I. A.
Published: April 2024

Based on archival documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the process of postwar restoration of Stalingrad is discussed. During the Battle of Stalingrad, which became one of the key battles of the Second World War, Stalingrad suffered colossal destruction: not a single one of the 126 enterprises survived, while 48 factories were razed to the ground; the civilian population of the city was reduced to 1515 people. Already in December 1942 - January 1943, the city and oblast authorities decided to begin restoration. Although the fighting in the city was still ongoing, on April 4, 1943, a resolution of the State Defense Committee (GKO) was adopted On Priority Measures to Restore the Economy of Stalingrad and Stalingrad Oblast. The process of developing an urban planning concept and searching for an architectural and artistic solution was rather difficult. The best creative forces of the Soviet Union took part in this work: A.V. Shchusev, B.M. Iofan, K.S. Alabyan, E.V. Vuchetich, and others. The final project for the development of the center of Stalingrad was prepared by a group of the Academy of Architecture under the leadership of Alabyan in 1946; however, after the adoption in 1955 of the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee On the Elimination of Excesses in Design and Construction, this project was not implemented in full. An important milestone in the formation of the modern appearance of Stalingrad (Volgograd) was the construction of the memorial ensemble to the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad on Mamayev Kurgan in 1959−1967 according to the design and under the direct supervision of the sculptor E.V. Vuchetich and engineer N.V. Nikitin.
Photo and film chronicle of the defense of Stalingrad from the fund of the Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents
Authors: Pivovar E. I. , Kalantarova N. A. , Koroleva G. V. , Chertilina M. A.
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the photo and film chronicle of the defense of Stalingrad, stored in the funds of the Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents. Its funds contain a huge array of documentary evidence on the history of the Great Patriotic War, including more than 3500 files and about 1 million meters of film. A special place among them belongs to materials dedicated to the Battle of Stalingrad. The archive contains negatives of photographs taken by leading wartime photojournalists; photo albums; films; canned news; and newsreels, produced directly in combat units that fought on the outskirts of the city and in Stalingrad itself.
Nikita Il'ich Tolstoi and field ethnolinguistic studies of Polesye: To the 100th anniversary of Academician N.I. Tolstoi
Authors: Plotnikova A. A.
Published: April 2024

This article is dedicated to Nikita Il’ich Tolstoi—an outstanding Slavic linguist, specialist in the Bulgarian and Serbian languages, Old Church Slavonic language, Slavic dialectology, linguistic geography, lexicology and lexicography, traditional spiritual culture of the Slavs, the founder of Moscow ethnolinguistic school, and a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1987.
A new stage in the development of the land reclamation and water management complex of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shevchenko V. A. , Isaeva S. D. , Dedova E. B.
Published: April 2024

This article is dedicated to issues of improving the land reclamation and water management sector of the agro-industrial complex at the present stage of development of the water industry. This is dictated by the current needs of the socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation, dynamic climate change, and active progress in the field of information and digital technologies, as well as by new opportunities for mathematical modeling and software and the development of production and construction technologies, structures, and materials. The attention of the authors is focused on the role of climate change in the deterioration of agricultural conditions, which is confirmed by the results of a statistical retrospective analysis of observational data from weather stations in the Lower Volga region, the Ural basin, the Far East, and southern Western Siberia. Forecast calculations of water supply (consumption by the population, land irrigation, animal husbandry) for 2035 show that all regions of the Lower Volga and the south of Western Siberia, as well as some regions of the Far East, will experience a lack of water resources for irrigating crops. In the current climatic, economic, and social conditions, the innovative development of the water management complex of the Russian Federation necessitates elaborating a state-of-the-art strategy for the sustainable development of the land reclamation and water management complex.
The joy of mathematical discovery: To the 120th anniversary of Academician A.N. Kolmogorov
Authors: Tikhomirov V. M.
Published: April 2024

This article is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding mathematician of the 20th century, Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov, whose 120th birthday is celebrated this year. The author describes in detail the formation of Kolmogorov as a scientist, the significance of Moscow State University in the scientific life and pedagogical activity of the famous mathematician. Kolmogorov’s contribution to such branches of mathematics as classical analysis, topology, geometry, approximation theory, functional analysis, and probability theory is analyzed, and the contribution of his scientific school to Russian science, including not only mathematics and physics but also the humanities, is shown.
Permanent neodymium magnets in the Russian wind power industry
Authors: Kryukov V. A. , Zhdaneev O. V. , Yatsenko V. A. , Frolov K. N.
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the problems of wind energy in Russia. One of the key issues in the development of wind energy in our country is the uninterrupted supply of permanent neodymium magnets and raw materials for their manufacture to wind generator manufacturers. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, several enterprises with the necessary competencies and technological equipment to produce magnets based on rare earth metals (REMs) survived in the country. However, the problem is that Russia does not have a complete production chain to the level of oxides, as well as individual rare earth elements and alloys based on them. All permanent magnets based on rare earth metals are imported, and supply interruptions negatively affect the work of high-tech companies, as well as enterprises of the fuel and energy complex and the military–industrial complex. The article analyzes the need of the country's wind energy industry for permanent neodymium magnets, the full production cycle of which can become one of the incentives to restore the production chain of rare earth metals and products based on them.
Searching for a social optimum: Chasing a ghost?
Authors: Nekipelov A. D.
Published: April 2024

A new methodological approach to identify the nature of the group optimum is employed. Its constituent elements are the rejection of a unified perception of the problem in relation to all types of groups, as well as its separate consideration in conditions of certainty and uncertainty. The social optimum is considered as a state of coherence of the interests of members of society, and its nature is identified within the framework of the analysis of a “simple integral group” under conditions of certainty. The necessity of an “institutional lining”—an agreed principle of social choice—between individual preferences and the social optimum is substantiated. The limited possibilities for obtaining and processing information, which is characteristic of conditions of uncertainty, give rise to the need for the formation of a mechanism of social choice, designed to provide the possibility of maximum approximation to the social optimum constructed in this way. It is shown that the most important consequence of the existence of systemic costs associated with the operation of any such mechanism is the emergence of small groups and the transformation of a simple integral group into a complex one. The characteristic features of the three most important types of small groups are determined: the governing bodies of a “large group,” enterprises (firms), and households, which play the most important role in the functioning of the economic system. The absence of an unambiguous definition of the point of the social optimum and the ideal mechanisms for achieving it are opposed by the awareness by members of society of the undoubted benefits from cooperation with each other. As a result, social structures are relatively stable. At the same time, in comparison with natural objects, they have obvious characteristic features, which inevitably affects the nature of the social sciences.
Review of the book by K.N. Trubetskoi and Yu.P. Galchenko Nature-like Technology of Integrated Subsoil Development: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Rasskazov I. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The monograph by K.N. Trubetskoi and Yu.P. Galchenko is reviewed.
The Inequality of Human Potential in Urban and Rural Areas: Risks and Opportunities
Authors: Bobkov V. N. , Dolgushkin N. K. , Odintsova E. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of a study focused on identifying differences between the city and the countryside in terms of human potential and the conditions for its development and implementation are presented. For the purpose of this study, the authors’ human development index (HDI) is used, which includes the original measurement of its three components (longevity, educational potential, and standard of living). In the “educational potential” component, instead of the traditional index “share of students in the total population 7 to 24 years old,” the index “share of the population 25 years old or older with vocational education” is substantiated and applied. This makes it possible to consider the accumulated educational potential of Russian citizens, which can be realized both in the field of work and in other areas of their lives and more accurately reflects the educational opportunities of the population. In the “standard of living” component, instead of the particular index “GDP per capita according to PPP,” the use of the index “purchasing power of household disposable resources” is justified. It considers more accurately the purchasing power of resources actually spent on consumption by urban and rural households with account for their size and structure. It has been revealed that villagers lag behind townspeople in terms of the HDI and all its components. Having considered the living conditions of both groups of the population, the authors show that the most pressing problem is the lack of opportunities for most urban and rural residents to realize their needs for improving the quality of housing conditions that are below average standards. The results of this study are of practical importance and can be used in the preparation and updating of the most important state documents.
Persistence Features of Indigenous Strains of the Human Intestine Bifidobacteria
Authors: Bukharin O. V. , Ivanova E. V.
Published: April 2024

In the present review, the authors draw attention to the indigenous bifidoflora, which is not always used in the selection of natural bifidobacteria to replenish the human intestinal microflora with effective strains. At the same time, the use of indigenous bifidoflora actually expands the possibilities for obtaining new strains suitable for probiotic purposes. Nature has rationally organized the constant improvement of the normal human intestinal microflora, our main assistant, thereby prolonging our life. Finding a replacement for this process is quite difficult, but quite feasible.
The Gallophilia and Gallophobia of A.N. Ostrovskii, or Some considerations on the pragmatics of distinct identity: To the 200th anniversary of the birth of Corresponding Member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences A.N. Ostrovskii
Authors: Dmitrieva E. E.
Published: April 2024

What was the role of French literature and culture in the work of A.N. Ostrovskii, one of the most original, “soil” authors of the 19th centure? Why did contemporaries find a French trace in his most original dramas, and why did mastery of the French language (which he himself knew by no means perfectly) become one of the constant topics discussed by the characters of his dramas? These are the questions asked by the author of this article, dedicated to the anniversary of perhaps the most famous Russian playwright, who was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. The use of French words, Gallicisms, and macaronic language is analyzed by Ostrovskii from the point of view of the processes taking place in Russian culture from the mid-19th century, when it ceased to be a culture of bilingualism but was still actively and sometimes painfully experiencing, this time at the everyday level, its failed bilingualism. Along the way, in the context of Ostrovskii’s Gallophilia/Gallophobia, the question is raised about the specifics of the playwright’s attitude to the literary tradition and, in particular, to the tradition of N.V. Gogol.
From the pleiad of titans of the atomic age: To the 120th anniversary of Academician A.P. Aleksandrov
Authors: Gagarinskii A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

February 13, 2023, marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of one of the main heroes of the atomic age, triple hero of Socialist Labor, Academician A.P. Aleksandrov. At present, interest in the history of Russia, in science and its outstanding representatives is beginning to revive, and our goal is to remind the reader of the key stages of the multifaceted activity of the great scientist and engineer in the formation and development of nuclear energy in our country.
The role of metallogenic research in predicting promising territories: From models to objects
Authors: Goryachev N. A. , Fridovskii V. Yu. , Budyak A. E. , Goryachev I. N. , Efremov S. V. , Kudrin M. V. , Tarasova Yu. I.
Published: April 2024

The possibilities of academic basic metallogenic research in the forecast and search for various types of ore deposits are shown with the example of various academic institutes in the Siberian and Far East federal districts. Using a complex of mineralogical–geochemical and geological–structural methods, prospects for copper and gold in the Upper Indigirka and Kolyma regions and specific areas in Transbaikalia and the Bodaibo district of Irkutsk oblast have been studied. Problems in assessing and developing the mineral resource base of the regions are considered.
The core of the potential of Siberian science
Authors: Shelegina O. N. , Zaporozhchenko G. M.
Published: April 2024

This article attempts at a historical and cultural analysis of the two-volume Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian branch. Personal composition. An opinion is expressed about the relevance and prospects of publishing scientific and reference editions representing full members and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is shown that the assignment of highest academic titles to Siberian scientists is based on the traditions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the scientific and organizational principles of the RAS Siberian Branch, the personal qualities of scientific leaders, and the achievements of the research teams headed by them.
Mineral resource base of Russia: State and prospects
Authors: Zaikina G. A.
Published: April 2024

Dynamically changing geopolitical processes, the transition of the world economy to a new technological structure, and the transformation of the world market require the development of multivariate long-term plans for the development of mineral resources
ON THE WORK OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE RAS DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD REPORT OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE RAS ACADEMICIAN M.V. DUBINA
Authors: Dubina M. V.
Published: April 2024

During the reporting period, the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences fully implemented the tasks assigned to the Academy of Sciences. Elections of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences and a new composition of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences were held. Scheduled meetings were held in priority scientific areas, as well as those dedicated to important events in the scientific field. According to the order of the President of the Russian Federation, the St. Petersburg Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was established. Large-scale work has been carried out within the framework of the state assignment approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Russian Academy of Sciences successfully interacted with federal state and executive authorities, subjects of the federation, educational, commercial and other organizations. The most important functions of the RAS were successfully implemented – coordination of fundamental and exploratory scientific research and expert activities. International scientific ties continue to be established and strengthened. Events aimed at popularizing science and attracting talented young people to the scientific community were held. Preparations are being actively made for the celebration in 2024 of the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES – A NEW VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES G.Ya. KRASNIKOV
Authors: Krasnikov G. Ya.
Published: April 2024

Before our eyes, the existing world order is changing, and a new structure of economic and international relations is being formed. For all states—and primarily for Russia—these transformations result in serious challenges related to global security, technology development, and the protection of traditional values; science is among the fields that must respond to them.
SPEECH BY THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE RAS RAS ACADEMICIAN V.Ya. PANCHENKO
Authors: Panchenko V. Ya.
Published: April 2024

On May 22, 2023, meetings of the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Division of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences took place, as well as a ceremonial meeting of the RAS Division of Nanotechnologies and Information Technologies (ONIT RAS), dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the ONIT, at which President of the Russian Academy of Sciences G.Ya. Krasnikov and President of the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute M.V. Koval’chuk delivered congratulations.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS OF ALIEN SPECIES – A GLOBAL CHALLENGE IN THE LAST DECADES
Authors: Dgebuadze Yu. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Biological invasions of alien species – the occupation by living organisms of territories and water areas outside their historical range – have now acquired a gigantic scale, affecting all countries and continents. The recent trends in the development of the invasive process indicate its significant intensification. The proposed review provides information on the scale of biological invasions on Earth, history, current state and main directions of scientific research in this area. In particular, the factors that determine the possibility of invasion of an alien species are considered; stages of the invasive process; ecological, genetic and evolutionary consequences of invasions for natural ecosystems; the impact of invasive species on human safety and health and the social and economic sectors; approaches to forecasting and control of the invasive process.
PRIONS AND AMYLOIDS AS SPATIAL TEMPLATES OF THE PROTEOME
Authors: Inge-Vechtomov S. G. , Galkin A. P. , Zhouravleva G. A. , Nizhnikov A. A. , Zadorsky S. P.
Published: April 2024

Until recently, studies of amyloids were aimed exclusively at revealing their role in the occurrence of dangerous diseases in humans and animals. However, they are widely distributed in nature and are involved in the regulation of essential vital processes in representatives of all three domains of the living world: archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. The question of the biological significance of the prions – a special class of amyloids, isstill under discussion. The discovery of new functional amyloids became possible due to the development of the bioinformatic and proteomic methods for identification of amyloid-forming proteins. The review describes the way from the study of pathological amyloid structures to the investigation of adaptive amyloids inbacteria, plants, and animals. The importance of the amyloid structure, based on the principle of conformation template copying, as one of the most important forms of supramolecular organization of proteins isshown.
ANTITUMOR DRUG BASED ON THE GENE-MODIFIED VACCINIA VIRUS VV-GMCSF-Lact
Authors: Kuligina E. V. , Richter V. A. , Vlassov V. V.
Published: April 2024

Virotherapy, or therapy with oncolytic viruses, is one of the most rapidly developing approaches to the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. The article is devoted to the development and study of the properties of the first domestic drug based on recombinant vaccinia virus. The recombinant virus VV-GMCSF-Lact was engineered from Lister strain (L-IVP) vaccinia virus. The cytotoxic activity and antitumor efficacy of the virus against human tumor cells of various tissue origins were shown on cell cultures and tumor models. The drug has successfully passed preclinical studies as a drug against human breast cancer, including a triple negative phenotype. The drug was proven to be safe, well tolerated and pharmacologically effective. It is currently in Phase I clinical trials to study safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with relapsed and/or refractory metastatic breast cancer. VV-GMCSF-Lact is the first Russian antitumor oncolytic virus which received the permission from the Russian Ministry of Health to conduct clinical trials.
ECOLOGY AND CLIMATE: WHERE WE ARE NOW AND WHERE WE WILL BE IN TWO OR THREE DECADES. GLOBAL TRENDS
Authors: Danilov-Danilyan V. I. , Kattsov V. M. , Porfiriev B. N.
Published: April 2024

The article is the first of the two contributions based upon the authors’ studies and reports provided to Horizon-2040. The latter is a project organized by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives serving a platform for strategic dialogue to determine the role and position of Russia in the international arena in 2040 and produce scenarios for the national long-term development trends in the key areas, environment and climate inclusive. The current state of the global environmental and climate change issues is contemplated. Also considered is dynamics of these issues within the past 50 years in terms of the global sustainable development priorities. Aqualitative forecast of the state and expected developments in coping with the issues above by 2040 is introduced. The key challenges associated with the World Ocean, land waters, air quality, environmental situation in the cities, climate and biodiversity issues are briefly discussed. The priority strategic role of biodiversity in sustainable development of the world community and economy within the long term perspective is substantiated. Emphasized arwpoor understanding and under-evaluation of adaptation policy role in the global climate agenda. Distinguished are the four types of key events according to their contribution to the homo ecologicus formation. Also disclosed are the four key factors precipitating the existing poor situation in environmental and climate policy areas and tendencies of their further deterioration which (factors) involve public awareness, value system and human activity attitudes.
THE ROLE OF NEW GENERATION MATERIALS IN ENSURING THE TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kablov Е. N. , Аntipov V. V.
Published: April 2024

The creation of a new generation of materials, the development and implementation of import-substituting technologies is one of the locomotive of Russia’s technological development in the conditions of the country’s transition to the sixth technological order. In order to form an advanced scientific and technical reserve it is necessary to implement the basic principles of material science in relation to complex technical systems on the basis of inextricably linked fundamental and exploratory research. At the same time multilevel mathematical modelling of materials at the nano-, micro-, meso- and macro levels should be combined with applied and technological developments and then their implementation by enterprises of the real sector of the economy. In the creation of new materials (taking in account the full life cycle) and integrated systems for their protection the role of digital technologies is important. The article suggests the key scientific directions for the implementation of the activities of the section “Special Chemistry and Materials” of the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long-term period from 2021 tо 2030.
“MY PROFESSION – THEORETICAL PHYSICS” TO THE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF ACADEMICIAN S.T. BELYAEV
Authors: Zelevinsky V. G.
Published: April 2024

The article based mainly on personal reminiscences of the author presents the landmarks of the biography of Spartak Timofeevich Belyaev (1923–2017), features of his exceptional personality and his scientific achievements as the outstanding theoretical physicist known by his fundamental works on quantum many-body theory and nuclear physics. After graduation from high school in 1941, he went through the entire war in the ranks of the army. After graduation from the Moscow Physical-Technical Institute, he worked at the Atomic Energy Institute and then in the Novosibirsk Institute of Nuclear Physics (now Budker Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences). From 1965 to 1978 he served as Rector of the Novosibirsk State University. After returning to Moscow and to the end of his life, he worked at the theory department of the Kurchatov Institute. In 1968 he was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. His scientific achievements were highly appraised by many Russian and international prizes including the Great Gold Lomonosov Medal of Russian Academy of Sciences.
NATIVE STRAINS OF HUMAN INTESTINAL BIFIDOBACTERIA: INDIGENEITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF PERSISTENCE
Authors: Bukharin O. V. , Ivanova E. V. , Perunova N. B.
Published: April 2024

The indigenous human microbiota is a natural storehouse of bifidobacteria strains, the key to our health. Todetermine the indigeneity of symbiont microorganisms, it is proposed to evaluate their adaptive potential (lysozyme resistance and biofilm formation), since adaptation is characteristic of all living systems, and in the human body the main adaptation strategy for bacteria is persistence. One of the mechanisms of persistence of indigenous bifidoflora is resistance to the action of host lysozyme, realized through the modification of peptidoglycan – O-acetylation (a wide range of O-cetylate determinants and a family of σ-factors). An important function of indigenous bifidobacteria in the functioning of the human digestive tract is their ability to participate in microbial recognition of “friend or foe”. The results obtained made it possible to open access to a source of beneficial indigenous microorganisms and use them in the selection of cultures for the creation of modern biological products.
THIN FILMS OF ADSORBED WATER AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON EFFECTIVE TENSION IN CLAYEY SOILS
Authors: Osipov V. I.
Published: April 2024

Examples of the discrepancy between the calculation of the strength of fine-grained soils based on the Mohr–Coulomb theory and actual data are considered. The main reason for the discrepancy is the estimation of the effective stress of soils according to the formula of K. Terzaghi, which does not take into account the internal stresses that occur at the contacts of the particles when the surface films of adsorbed water overlap. It is proposed to modify the theory of K. Terzaghi and switch to the using of general (external and internal) stresses.
Youth Science?
Authors: Zolotov Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

The problem of the need to single out youth science as a special component of the scientific space is discussed.
ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS OF THE SEA OF AZOV UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE LAST CLIMATIC MACROCYCLE
Authors: Yanina T. A.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the dynamics of the natural environment of the Sea of Azov under the different-scale and multidirectional changes of the climate during the last macrocycle, the epoch from the last interglacial to the modern one, including the Mikulino interglacial and Valdai glacial epochs, their development stages and phases.It has been shown that the paleogeographic development of the Sea of Azov is closely related to global climate changes and is dependent on the functioning of the Mediterranean–Pont–Caspian system.
Complexes of an Anionic Surfactant with Chitosan and Its Hydrophobic Derivatives As Disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Shibaev A. V. , Ospennikov A. S. , Kornilaeva G. V. , Larichev V. F. , Fedyakina I. T. , Fu Lifeng , Chen Zhuo , Yang Yangyang , Karamov E. V. , Turgiev A. S. , Duan Liping , Liu Jun , Philippova O. E.
Published: April 2024

This work is aimed at the preparation of complexes of chitosan and hydrophobically modified (HM) chitosan with an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and at the study of the virucidal activity of the complexes and their components against SARS-CoV-2. It is shown that the introduction of a sufficient amount (4 mol%) of hydrophobic n-dodecyl side groups provides the activity of HM chitosan against SARS-CoV-2 at moderate concentrations, at which unmodified chitosan and chitosan containing a lower amount of hydrophobic groups do not show any activity. Complexes of HM chitosan with SDBS are prepared, which is proven by fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. It is discovered that HM chitosan/SDBS complex is more active than the polymer without surfactant, and an increase of the amount of hydrophobic groups enhances the activity