bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Powerful Rare‐Variant Association Analysis of Secondary Phenotypes
Authors: Liu Hanyun , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

Most genome‐wide association studies are based on case‐control designs, which provide abundant resources for secondary phenotype analyses. However, such studies suffer from biased sampling of primary phenotypes, and the traditional statistical methods can lead to seriously distorted analysis results when they are applied to secondary phenotypes without accounting for the biased sampling mechanism. To our knowledge, there are no statistical methods specifically tailored for rare variant association analysis with secondary phenotypes. In this article, we proposed two novel joint test statistics for identifying secondary‐phenotype‐associated rare variants based on prospective likelihood and retrospective likelihood, respectively. We also exploit the assumption of gene‐environment independence in retrospective likelihood to improve the statistical power and adopt a two‐step strategy to balance statistical power and robustness. Simulations and a real‐data application are conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed methods.
Strategic Ethics: Physician Associations and Their Roles in Pursuing Racial Equity
Authors: Brophy Sorcha A. , Shah Roma
Published: October 2024

Since 2020, physician associations have become more vocal about confronting racism, initiating a wide range of advocacy efforts, making programming changes, and issuing public statements on the topic. However, associations have directed their enthusiasm about addressing racism toward an overly broad range of statements, initiatives, and legislative advocacy. In this essay, we provide some guidance regarding which race‐based actions are best suited for physicians’ professional associations. We describe traits of three types of physician associations in the United States—state, specialty, and affinity—highlighting characteristics of each and discussing their strengths and weaknesses regarding different types of action around racism. It is our hope that we might direct concerned physicians toward initiatives that draw upon association strengths and that can serve as the basis for association‐specific advocacy niches—and away from initiatives that enable associations to signal that they are engaged in racial‐equity work without accountability or efficacy.
Integrating virtual–reality into restorative dentistry training: A study on the acceptability and effectiveness of tooth preparation simulations
Authors: Azhari Amr Ahmed , Ashy Yara , Abulhamail Lolwa , Sharshar Haitham , Ahmed Walaa Magdy
Published: October 2024

Statement of problem

Digital education using virtual–reality simulators is essential for precise learning in modern education.

Purpose of study

This study aimed to develop a virtual–reality dental system for tooth preparation training and assess pre‐virtual–reality experiences and perceptions of its potential benefits. We evaluated the post‐virtual–reality experience in terms of the effectiveness of the virtual–reality system.

Material and methods

The virtual–reality platform development phase involved learning‐ and assessment‐based frameworks for participants. The first step involved creating a storyboard for a virtual dental clinic environment using virtual‐reality glasses. This simulated a dental chair‐like setup with instruments and tools, allowing participants to practice dental procedures. This study utilized a mixed‐methods approach to assess participants’ experience with virtual reality in dental education using a tooth preparation simulation system and evaluated post‐virtual reality measures, including the system usability scale, usefulness, educational effectiveness, and participant attitudes through structured survey questionnaires.

Results

This study included 150 participants (49 dental students, 52 dental interns, and 49 faculty members). Most participants were females (76%). Significant differences were observed in attitude scores between students and faculty members, with third‐year dental students having more positive attitudes toward the integration of virtual–reality in dental education. No significant differences were found in system usability, usefulness, or assessment scores between the groups.

Conclusion

The virtual–reality dental module system shows promise for improving dental education.

Clinical implication

The varied responses from different user groups should be considered to ensure successful implementation and acceptance.
敗血症性ショックと鑑別を要した口腔原発悪性リンパ腫の下垂体転移による下垂体機能低下症の1例(Hypopituitarism due to pituitary metastasis of primary oral malignant lymphoma: a case report)
Authors: 寛 竹藤 , 大 鯨井 , 智宏 栗原
Published: October 2024

82歳の男性。入院当日からの発熱，意識障害で救急搬送され，尿路感染症の疑いで抗菌薬を開始された。一旦解熱し，意識状態も改善したが第16病日に再度発熱，意識障害を来し，ショックを合併した。診察，検査で感染源は不明であったが敗血症性ショックの疑いで集中治療室に入室となり，抗菌薬と昇圧剤の投与を開始した。診察のなかで，左上顎歯肉の白色腫脹を認め，組織診でびまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫と診断した。第20病日に再検した早朝血中コルチゾールおよびadrenocorticotropic hormoneの低値を認め，中枢性副腎不全が疑われた。同日の頭部造影computed tomographyでは，左上顎歯肉から上顎洞内に連続する造影効果のある腫瘤と下垂体に同様の腫瘤を認め，悪性リンパ腫の下垂体転移と考えられた。ヒドロコルチゾンの投与を開始し，速やかに昇圧剤は終了となった。第25病日に負荷試験で中枢性の副腎不全，甲状腺機能低下症，性腺機能低下症と診断した。全身状態不良のため，化学療法は施行できず，原病増悪のため死亡した。初期診療時に敗血症性ショックが疑われる症例であっても，感染源が不明な場合には非感染性疾患を含めて全身検索を行い，原因を早期に同定することが重要である。また，急性期の内分泌検査で明らかな異常がなかった場合でも臨床的に内分泌疾患の疑いが強い場合には反復して評価を行うことが重要である。
Investigation of recessed‐source/drain SOI feedback FET‐based integrate and fire neuron circuit with compact model of threshold switching devices
Authors: Suddarsi Sasi Kiran , Dhanaraj K. J. , Saramekala Gopi Krishna
Published: October 2024

In this article, the investigation of recessed‐source/drain (Re‐S/D) SOI feedback FET (FBFET)‐based integrate and fire (IF) neuron circuit parameters is presented using a threshold switching device compact model. FBFETs offer high ION and low SS with minimal power consumption, operating efficiently at lower voltages and currents than conventional MOSFETs. Utilizing ION/IOFF ratio and threshold voltage limits (Vt2/Vt1) of the device, a model is developed to mimic hysteresis characteristics, which is then used to implement an IF neuron circuit. Our findings show that altering the Re‐S/D thickness between 0 and 50 nm enhances the ION of the device under study while decreasing hysteresis width. We detected a significant increase in output spike frequency of 46.8% and 65.14% for input current pulse amplitudes of 5 and 20 nA, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the Re‐S/D thickness from 0 to 50 nm led to a significant 29.97% enhancement in spike amplitude. In addition, when using input current pulse amplitudes of 5 and 20 nA, we saw energy savings per spike of 3.36% and 12.7%, respectively. At the same time, there was an increase in power of 8.69% and 9.54%. These enhancements in performance metrics establish our proposed integrate and fire neuron circuit as a promising candidate for efficient neuromorphic system implementation.
Oppositional arithmetic optimization algorithm for network reconfiguration and simultaneous placement of DG and capacitor in radial distribution networks
Authors: Dey Indrajit , Roy Provas Kumar
Published: October 2024

The prime objective of this study is the simultaneous network reconfiguration with distributed generation (DG) and capacitor placement in radial distribution networks (RDN) to get the techno and economic benefits for two separate objectives, which are the minimization of actual power loss and annual economic loss as well as a multi objective combining these two single objectives using an oppositional arithmetic optimization algorithm (OAOA). It is an improved version of the currently suggested arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) used in the field of engineering for the optimization task. Though the recently developed AOA shows its efficacy in different optimization tasks but to improve the quality of solutions, convergence behavior, and to avoid the local optima, oppositional behavior is added to AOA. The efficacy and exactness of OAOA are tested on three test systems (33‐bus, 69‐bus, and 118‐bus). For the reduction of power loss and annual economic loss as well as the multi objective optimization, two scenarios with different cases are executed using OAOA in RDNs. In scenario 1, the installation of the capacitor (case 1), the installation of unity power factor (UPF) based DG (case 2), and the placement of optimal power factor (OPF) based DG (case 3) have been executed. In scenario 2, allocation of UPF based DG and capacitors simultaneously (case 1), placement of OPF based DG and capacitors simultaneously (case 2) and simultaneous reconfiguration with installation of OPF based DG and capacitor (case 3) has been executed. This recommended OAOA algorithm provides the percentage improvement in real power loss and yearly economic loss for all cases of 33‐bus, and 69‐bus systems (34.28%, 65.50%, 94.43%, 93.26%, 94.89%, and 95.11%), (28.54%, 56.69%, 83.42%, 79.62%, 83.65%, and 83.71%), and (35.51%, 69.16%, 98.10%, 97.52%, 98.22%, and 98.25%), (30.26%, 61.68%, 88.75%, 85.42%, 88.81%, and 88.98%), respectively. The results and comparative study reveal that the OAOA is better than several optimization algorithms in terms of solution quality and good results. This algorithm has a good speed of response and convergence behavior.
The Impact of Organizational Resources on Organizational Agility in Hospitality Industry: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach
Authors: Chasapi Panagiota , Pateli Adamantia , Mylonas Naoum , Kourouthanassis Panagiotis
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the relationship between organizational resources (financial, social, and technological capital) and dynamic capabilities development in crises periods. Through quantitative research, a theoretical framework that is based on resource‐based view and dynamic capabilities view is validated for the first time in the hospitality industry. In practice, it is explored whether the hospitality firms—based on their own resources—can develop the dynamic capability of organizational agility that enables them to cope with turbulent and unstable environments. The empirical research was conducted with the sample of 502 hospitality firms in Greece during the COVID‐19 era. The findings confirm that financial and technological capital have a positive influence on the development of agility‐related dynamic capabilities, and specifically market capitalizing agility and operational adjustment agility, for the hospitality industry during turbulent periods. Instead, social capital has a negative and no effect respectively on these two dynamic capabilities.
Variation Patterns and Affecting Factors of Plant Alpha Diversity, Beta Diversity and Its Components in Restoration Grasslands on Loess Plateau
Authors: Jian Chunxia , Luo Yang , Zhou Junjie , Xu Bingcheng
Published: October 2024

Understanding spatiotemporal variation in diversity and identifying key external affecting factors are essential for biodiversity conservation. However, community assembly and species diversity in natural grassland (NG) restoration on the Loess Plateau remain unclear. In this study, we examined α diversity (species richness), β diversity (βtotal), and its components (βrepl and βrich) across 89 grassland communities, which were categorized into five restoration stages: recent grassland (RG), early restoration (ER), middle restoration (MR), later restoration (LR), and NG. Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to analyze the effects of topographic, soil, and landscape factors on diversity. Results showed that α diversity followed an increasing‐decreasing trend across restoration stages (7–21 species m−2), peaking at the MR stage. In contrast, β diversity and its two components declined with duration, with βtotal and βrepl being notably higher in ER than in LR and NG. Differences in βtotal primarily resulted from species replacement (βrepl, 61%–70%), with a smaller contribution from species gain and loss (βrich, 30%–39%). The LMM also revealed that restoration stage was the most important factor affecting plant diversity, explaining 59.3%, 68.4%, 53.5%, and 58.8% of richness, βtotal, βrepl, and βrich, respectively. In comparison, landscape had weaker effects on diversity (17.2%, 24.2%, 46.5%, 39.8%), while topography and soil factors had the least effects. In summary, deterministic processes (restoration stage) dominate natural restoration, but substantial differences persist between restoration grassland and NG. This study provides valuable insights for assessing restoration progress, prioritizing conservation areas, and informing future grassland management in semi‐arid and fragmented regions.
Strong large‐scale structure–function coupling in benthic bacteria is mediated by algae in a geodiverse river network
Authors: Thuile Bistarelli Lukas , Fuß Thomas , Walther Franziska , Zoccarato Luca , Talluto Lauren , Romaní Anna M. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Singer Gabriel A.
Published: October 2024

Benthic bacteria in stream ecosystems drive organic matter mineralization. However, knowledge on how this ecosystem function is driven by bacterial community composition in interaction with environmental conditions and organic matter resources is poor. This is especially true when considering the regional scale of river networks, at which environmental conditions vary in a scale‐dependent manner and are spatially structured due to asymmetrical water flow. Similarly, organic matter resources may have a terrestrial origin in remote headwaters or be sourced locally from algae living in close proximity to bacteria in benthic biofilms. We investigated benthic biofilm meta‐community structure and function across the > 6700 km2 river network of the near‐natural Vjosa in Albania and Greece and found a strong control of the benthic algal community on bacterial community composition (13.4% of variability explained). In addition, bacterial community composition has linkages to water chemistry, which itself is strongly shaped by the diverse geology in the catchment, and to dispersal, shaping metacommunity structure as a neutral process. Notably, bacterial community composition explained the largest single fraction of variability (31.5%) in extracellular enzymatic activities, while there was no dependency of enzyme ratios on organic matter nor environmental conditions. Synergistic effects between bacteria and algae accounted for additional 47.3% of variability in heterotrophic functioning, emphasizing the importance of algal–bacterial interactions in benthic biofilms. Our findings shed new light on bacterial structure–function coupling highlighting the importance of algal–bacterial interactions at the river network scale.
Methylation, Gene Expression, and Risk Genotypes at the TERT‐CLPTM1L Locus in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ramachandran Dhanya , Mao Qianqian , Liao Dandan , Kamal Maud , Schürmann Peter , Eisenblätter Rieke , Geffers Robert , Balint Balazs , Lecompte Lolita , Servant Nicolas , Chérif Linda Larbi , Lamy Constance , Baulande Sylvain , Legoix Patricia , Le Tourneau Christophe , Latouche Aurélien , Hillemanns Peter , Scholl Suzy , Dörk Thilo
Published: October 2024

The reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase, TERT, is frequently activated in high‐grade dysplasia and invasive cancers of the uterine cervix. Telomerase activation through hypomethylation of the TERT promoter holds promise as a biomarker for cervical cancer progression, however, specific CpG sites involved in cervical cancer risk remain to be fully defined. A recent genome‐wide association study on cervical cancer identified genetic polymorphisms at 5p13.33 (close to TERT‐CLPTM1L) but the underlying mechanisms are undetermined. We investigated 529 CpG sites within the TERT promoter region and 3 CpG islands nearby, and 21 CpG sites within CLPTM1L in 190 bisulfite‐converted cervical tumor DNA samples from BioRAIDs (NCT02428842). We identified eight CpG sites within TERT intron 2 where methylation was significantly associated with the genotypes of cervical cancer risk variants rs27070 and rs459961 in cervical tumors after multiple testing correction (p < 9.4 × 10E−5). Hypermethylation at chr5:1289663 correlated with decreased TERT mRNA levels. In an independent series of 188 normal or dysplastic cervical tissues, rare alleles of rs27070 and rs459961 were associated with low basal CLPTM1L levels and with the absence of TERT mRNA in HPV‐negative samples, consistent with their proposed role as protective variants for cervical cancer. HPV infection was associated with increased CLPTM1L and TERT levels. Collectively, our results provide a link between cervical cancer risk variants, methylation, and gene expression and implicate both TERT and CLPTM1L as genes modulated by genomic background and HPV infection during cervical cancer development.
Deep Sequencing and Phenotyping in an Australian Tuberous Sclerosis Complex “No Mutations Identified” Cohort
Authors: Chung Clara W. T. , Bournazos Adam M. , Chan Lok Chi Denise , Sarkozy Vanessa , Lawson John , Kennedy Sean E. , Cooper Sandra T. , Kirk Edwin P. , Mowat David
Published: October 2024

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a variable multisystem disorder. The “no mutations identified” (NMI) group are reportedly phenotypically milder than those with an identified molecular cause, and often have mosaic or intronic variants not detected by standard sequencing methods.

Methods

We describe the phenotypes in an Australian TSC NMI group (n = 18) and a molecular testing strategy implementable in a diagnostic laboratory. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of the whole genomic regions of TSC1 and TSC2 was performed using DNA extracted from multiple tissue samples per participant.

Results

Our study showed that the phenotype in TSC NMI individuals can be similar to those with heterozygous, particularly TSC1, variants. Although neurodevelopmental outcomes can be less severe, the number of organ systems involved was similar to the non‐mosaic groups. A diagnostic yield of 72% (13/18) was achieved, with the majority (10/13) being mosaic variants and the remainder heterozygous variants missed on previous testing.

Conclusion

Testing DNA from multiple tissue samples allowed for validation of otherwise discarded low‐level mosaic variants and detection of mosaic variants by MPS without excessive cost or the need for specialised techniques. Implementing this approach in a diagnostic setting is viable and allows optimal clinical care of patients with NMI TSC.
Staphylococcus aureus SOS response: Activation, impact, and drug targets
Authors: Cheng Kaiying , Sun Yukang , Yu Huan , Hu Yingxuan , He Yini , Shen Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of diverse infections, ranging from superficial to invasive, affecting both humans and animals. The widespread use of antibiotics in clinical treatments has led to the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains and small colony variants. This surge presents a significant challenge in eliminating infections and undermines the efficacy of available treatments. The bacterial Save Our Souls (SOS) response, triggered by genotoxic stressors, encompasses host immune defenses and antibiotics, playing a crucial role in bacterial survival, invasiveness, virulence, and drug resistance. Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of the SOS response system in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. Inhibiting this system offers a promising approach for effective bactericidal treatments and curbing the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the activation, impact, and key proteins associated with the SOS response in S. aureus. Additionally, perspectives on therapeutic strategies targeting the SOS response for S. aureus, both individually and in combination with traditional antibiotics are proposed.
Elliptical Halbach magnet and gradient modules for low‐field portable magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Galve Fernando , Pallás Eduardo , Guallart‐Naval Teresa , García‐Cristóbal Pablo , Martínez Pablo , Algarín José M. , Borreguero Jose , Bosch Rubén , Juan‐Lloris Francisco , Benlloch José M. , Alonso Joseba
Published: October 2024

This study aims to develop methods to design the complete magnetic system for a truly portable MRI scanner for neurological and musculoskeletal (MSK) applications, optimized for field homogeneity, field of view (FoV), and gradient performance compared to existing low‐weight configurations. We explore optimal elliptic‐bore Halbach configurations based on discrete arrays of permanent magnets. In this way, we seek to improve the field homogeneity and remove constraints to the extent of the gradient coils typical of Halbach magnets. Specifically, we have optimized a tightly packed distribution of magnetic Nd2Fe14B cubes with differential evolution algorithms and a second array of shimming magnets with interior point and differential evolution methods. We have also designed and constructed an elliptical set of gradient coils that extend over the whole magnet length, maximizing the distance between the lobe centers. These are optimized with a target field method minimizing a cost function that considers also heat dissipation. We have employed the new toolbox to build the main magnet and gradient modules for a portable MRI scanner designed for point‐of‐care and residential use. The elliptical Halbach bore has semi‐axes of 10 and 14& cm, and the magnet generates a field of 87& mT homogeneous down to 5700& ppm (parts per million) in a 20‐cm diameter FoV; it weighs 216& kg and has a width of 65& cm and a height of 72& cm. Gradient efficiencies go up to around 0.8& mT/m/A, for a maximum of 12& mT/m within 0.5& ms with 15& A and 15& V amplifier. The distance between lobes is 28& cm, significantly increased with respect to other Halbach‐based scanners. Heat dissipation is around 25& W at maximum power, and gradient deviations from linearity are below 20% in a 20‐cm sphere.

Elliptic‐bore Halbach magnets enhance the ergonomicity and field distribution of low‐cost portable MRI scanners, while allowing for full‐length gradient support to increase the FoV. This geometry can be potentially adapted for a prospective low‐cost whole‐body technology.
Critical soft skill competencies that clinical nurse educators consider important to evaluate in nurses
Authors: Song Youngkwan , Lafond Cynthia M. , Vincent Catherine , Kim Mi Ja , Park Chang G. , McCreary Linda L.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Guided by Benner's framework, From Novice to Expert, this study aimed to identify (1) critical soft skills to be evaluated in nurses and (2) levels of nursing behaviour indicating achievement of soft skills to provide a framework for developing a soft skills rubric.

Background/Introduction

Nurse shortages are often attributable to high turnover rates among nurses. To improve this situation, healthcare facilities implement transition programmes and continuing education with a primary focus on developing and maintaining nurses' knowledge and performance (hard skills). However, balancing hard and soft skills (beliefs, values and attitudes) is key to nurses' quality of care and ultimately to their retention. Despite the importance of soft skills, their intangible nature creates problems in evaluating nurses' attainment of these skills and in providing constructive feedback to help them set concrete goals for improving their practice.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study described critical soft skills in the nursing context. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to enrol 13 clinical nurse educators from multiple hospital units; each had more than 2 years of clinical nurse educator experience and had completed preceptor training. One‐to‐one interviews with these individuals were audio recorded, transcribed and subjected to direct content analysis using NVivo 12. The study follows the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines for qualitative studies.

Findings

Five main competencies, comprising 20 subcompetencies, were identified: personal growth, effective interactions, professionalism, teamwork and the caring role. For each subcompetency, four skill levels were delineated using clinical indicators.

Conclusion

This study's findings can enhance understanding of clinical nurse educators' perceptions regarding soft skills required of nurses.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

The soft skills identified can be incorporated into a rubric to be used by clinical nurse educators to evaluate and guide nurses' professional development and contribute to improving quality of care.

No patient or public contribution is required for this study.
Potential differences in receptor‐mediated G‐protein activation in postmortem human hippocampal membranes prepared from healthy controls and suicide victims
Authors: Odagaki Yuji , Kinoshita Masakazu , Palkovits Miklós , Borroto‐Escuela Dasiel Oscar , Fuxe Kjell
Published: October 2024

Aim

Postmortem brain studies offer enormous opportunities to study molecular mechanisms associated with suicide. In the present study, conventional [35S]GTPγS binding assay and its version‐up method ([35S]GTPγS binding/immunoprecipitation assay) were applied to postmortem human hippocampal membranes prepared from suicide victims and control subjects.

Methods

By using conventional [35S]GTPγS binding assay, functional activations of Gi/o proteins coupled with multiple GPCRs (5‐HT1A receptor, α2A‐adrenoceptor, M2/M4 mAChRs, adenosine A1 receptor, histamine H3 receptor, group II mGlu, GABAB receptor, μ‐opioid receptor, δ‐opioid receptor, and NOP receptor) were detected by using 15 different agonists. Furthermore, 5‐HT2A receptor‐ and M1 mAChR‐mediated Gαq/11 activation and adenosine A1 receptor‐mediated Gαi‐3 activation were detectable by means of [35S]GTPγS binding/immunoprecipitation assay.

Results

No significant differences in pharmacological parameters of all concentration‐response curves investigated were found between suicide victims and control subjects. Significant correlations were obtained for the maximal percent increases between some distinct signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Although only preliminary and auxiliary results were obtained as to the potential differences between suicide victims and control subjects because of the limited number of subjects as well as unmatched age and postmortem delay, adenosine A1 receptor‐mediated Gαi/o activation and 5‐HT2A receptor‐mediated Gαq/11 activation appear worth focusing on in the future investigations. This study also indicates the possibility that some distinct signaling pathways are interrelated with each other, for example, functional activations of Gi/o proteins coupled to M2/M4 mAChR and 5‐HT1A receptor, NOP receptor, and GABAB receptor, and NOP receptor and δ‐opioid receptor.
Farmer identities and permanent grassland management: Evidence from five European biogeographic zones
Authors: Jin Shan , Cao Yiying , Burd Michael , Tindale Sophie , Feng Zhiming , Green Olivia , Newell‐Price Paul , Vicario‐Modroño Victoria , Mack Gabriele , Sánchez‐Zamora Pedro , Gallardo‐Cobos Rosa , Spörri Martina , El Benni Nadja , Alonso Natasha , Miškolci Simona , Outhwaite Samantha , Hunter Erik , Frewer Lynn J.
Published: October 2024

Permanent grassland (PG) provides multiple ecosystem services. However, there is increasing concern regarding the decreased multifunctionality of PGs, including those located in Europe. The decreased PG multifunctionality has been attributed to the increased intensity of PG management, where decision‐making is influenced by farmers' relevant behavioural intentions and self‐identities.

In order to investigate how farmer identities can translate into future adoption of PG management practices, interviews (n = 373) were conducted with farmers from five European biogeographic zones. Their farms are located in Continental/Pannonian (Czech Republic), Mediterranean (Spain), Boreal (Sweden), Alpine (Switzerland) and Atlantic (United Kingdom) biogeographic regions. The data were analysed using a mixed‐method approach involving thematic analysis and multinomial logistic regression.

The thematic analysis enabled seven farmer ‘identity’ types to be identified. The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that productivist identity was a predictor of farmers' intention to intensify or extensify PG in future, while land caretaker identity predicted maintenance of current PG management practice. Farmers with a higher dependence on income from agri‐environment schemes were more likely to extensify their PG in future, while those with a higher dependence on income from farm production were more likely to maintain current PG management practices. Older farmers were less likely to extensify their PG, and those having organic and extensive farms were more likely to intensify PG in future.

Future policies and interventions that aim to increase PG‐related ecosystem‐service multifunctionality can be more targeted by considering specific farm attributes, farmer identities and their future PG management intentions, as well as regional differences in these. Financial benefits and risks perceived by farmers should be considered when promoting any management practices, including policy interventions and policy levers.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A Preliminary Phenomenological Exploration of Experiences of the Empty Pelvis Syndrome Derived From a Modified‐Delphi: The Price of Survival Following Pelvic Exenteration for Advanced Pelvic Cancer
Authors: West Charles T. , Denys Andreas , Rose Sam A. , Pape Eva , van Ramshorst Gabrielle H. , Sutton Paul A. , Yano Hideaki , West Malcolm A. , Mirnezami Alex H. , Calman Lynn , Sodergren Samantha C.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The empty pelvis syndrome (EPS) is common after pelvic exenteration (PE), causing fluid collections, bowel obstruction, perineal sinuses, and fistulas. The best approach to fill the pelvis to mitigate this remains controversial, and the impact of EPS on health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) is unknown. This study is the first to begin to explore lived‐experiences of EPS complications.

Methods

Unstructured EPS virtual focus group meetings were conducted with a convenience sample of patients who underwent PE, as an extension of a modified‐Delphi study. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts to generate group experiential themes.

Results

Twelve patients (eight UK, one Dutch, and three Belgian) participated in four focus groups. Eight EPS complications were reported, (two pelvic collections, five chronic perineal sinuses, and one bowel obstruction). Group experiential themes were ‘Out of Options’, depicting patients forced to accept complications or limited survival; ‘The New Normal’, with EPS potentially delaying adaptation to post‐PE HrQoL; ‘Information Influencing Adaptation,’ emphasising the significance of patients understanding EPS to cope with its effects; and ‘Symptoms,’ reporting manifestations of EPS, the resultant physical limitations, and an intangible feeling that patients lost part of themselves.

Conclusions

EPS may influence patient decision‐making, regret, adaptation, and information‐seeking. It can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms and physical limitations, which may include phantom phenomenon. This work supports ongoing purposeful HrQoL research to better define these themes.
Mapping Sliding Ferroelectricity in Bulk (PbS)1.11VS2 Crystals
Authors: Antunes Corrêa Cinthia , Volný Jiří , Uhlířová Klára , Verhagen Tim
Published: October 2024

The recent discovery of sliding ferroelectricity opens up the field of 2D ferroelectricity. However, the limitation to switching the polarization due to the topological protection of the domain walls limits the potential of these heterostructures. Here, the switching of sliding ferroelectric bulk misfit layer compound (PbS)1.11VS2 crystals is studied using switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy. A large number of measured hysteresis loops can be efficiently analyzed using unsupervised machine‐learning tools. Different switching behavior of the domains is observed on different types of domain structures, and it is shown that full domain switching can be observed for the right type of dislocation structure in the PbS layer.
Interplays Between Matrix Metalloproteinases and Neurotropic Viruses: An Overview
Authors: Alghamdi Suad A. , Alissa Mohammed , Alghamdi Abdullah , Alshehri Mohammed A. , Albelasi Abdullah , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Safhi Awaji Y.
Published: October 2024

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a diverse group of proteases involved in various physiological and pathological processes through modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, cytokines, and growth factors. In the central nervous system (CNS), MMPs play a major role in CNS development, plasticity, repair, and reorganisation contributing to learning, memory, and neuroimmune response to injury. MMPs are also linked to various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral aneurysm, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and brain cancer suggesting these proteases as key regulatory factors in the nervous system. Moreover, MMPs have been involved in the pathogenesis of neurotropic viral infections via dysregulation of various cellular processes, which may highlight these factors as potential targets for the treatment and control of neurological complications associated with viral pathogens. This review provides an overview of the roles of MMPs in various physiological processes of the CNS and their interactions with neurotropic viral pathogens.
Crosstalk Between Innate Immunity and Autophagy in Viral Myocarditis Leading to Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Chen , Luo Honglin
Published: October 2024

Viral myocarditis, characterised by inflammation of the heart muscle, presents a significant challenge to global public health, particularly affecting younger individuals and often progressing to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a leading cause of heart failure. Despite ongoing research efforts, viable treatments for this condition remain elusive. Recent studies have shed light on the complex interplay between the innate immune response and autophagy mechanisms, revealing their pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis and subsequent DCM development. This review aims to delve into the recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways that intersect innate immunity and autophagy in the context of viral myocarditis. Furthermore, it explores the potential therapeutic implications of these findings, offering insights into promising avenues for the management and treatment of this debilitating condition.
Assessing the influence of research quality on policy citations: Quantitative analysis finds non‐academic factors more likely to influence how papers get cited in SDG policy
Authors: Mahfouz Basil , Capra Licia , Mulgan Geoff
Published: October 2024

Addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires policymakers to utilise high‐quality scholarly research effectively. This study explores the extent to which bibliometric indicators of research quality—field weighted citation index, journal CiteScore, author h‐index and mentions—influence the likelihood of SDG‐related research being cited in policy documents. Analysing metadata from over 16 million SDG‐related articles revealed modest relationships between selected bibliometric indicators and policy citations. This suggests that bibliometric measures of research quality may not adequately explain policy influence, or that these metrics might not capture the essence of research excellence from a policy perspective. Importantly, the study identifies variations in research utilisation across different SDGs and highlights the potential role of non‐academic factors in determining policy impact. Results provide a framework for understanding the extent to which policymakers are leveraging the best available evidence in their efforts to meet the SDGs.
Low‐Temperature Single‐Crystal Structure and Phonon Properties of A‐Site Ordered Double Perovskite CaMnTi2O6
Authors: Albrecht Elisabeth K. , Graubner Tim , Ivlev Sergei I. , Rautama Eeva‐Leena , Karppinen Maarit , Kraus Florian , Karttunen Antti J.
Published: October 2024

We have used high‐pressure methods to synthesize CaMnTi2O6 single crystals with edge lengths of up to 70 μm. Compared to previously reported synthetic pathways, we were able to use gold capsules and smaller pressures of 4 GPa. X‐ray diffraction analysis of the single crystals at low temperatures between 100 and 230 K confirmed that no phase transitions occur in this temperature range. We found square planar‐coordinated Mn ions to shift further out of the plane with lower temperatures which could lead to a higher polarization. The measured Raman spectrum of CaMnTi2O6 has been compared with quantum chemically calculated Raman spectrum to assign the vibrational modes. Calculated single‐crystal Raman spectrum has also been also analyzed from the point of view of direction dependency of the Raman intensities.
Indium‐Catalyzed Direct Amidation Reaction of Carboxylic Acids and In Silico Study for Screening the Activity of Potential Therapeutics of the Synthesized Products
Authors: Hussein Mohanad A. , Al‐Jumaili Mohammed Hadi Ali , Sabi Ali A. , Abdulhussein Heider A.
Published: October 2024

Amide bonds are ubiquitous and valuable motifs in synthetic chemistry, found in a wide range of applications such as the backbone of proteins and pharmaceutical agents. Thus, environmentally friendly and selective methods for synthesizing amide bonds are important. Herein, we report a simple, efficient, and rapid route to access a range of functionalized amides from non‐activated carboxylic acids and amines using indium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate as an efficient catalyst. A wide range of carboxylic acids – including aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, and dicarbonyl acids – participate smoothly in these reactions, generating structurally diverse amides in moderate to good yields (up to 91 % in 24 examples). The reactions are conducted in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) under reflux conditions. Furthermore, this amidation strategy provides a method for addressing challenging molecules, such as protected amino acids, to produce biocompatible products. These products can then be used as substrates for various organic transformations, including C−H functionalization reactions. We also demonstrate the synthetic utility of our protocol through the synthesis of essential substrates in organic and medicinal chemistry by reacting N‐protected carboxylic acids with 8‐aminoquinoline to produce a series of biologically valuable compounds. Five of these products, named 4 f, 4p, 9a, 9c, and 9d, have been biologically evaluated through an in‐silico study. The interaction of these compounds with receptor protein 8DQT was examined to assess their potential as drug candidates for hypertension treatment. Effective binding was detected between these compounds and the receptor. Data from molecular docking studies show that compounds 4d and 4 m are the most active, with binding scores of −8.8 and −8.6 kcal/mol, respectively. However, compound 4 m exhibited a stronger binding affinity than compound 4d over the course of dynamic simulation. Our ADMET study suggests that all five compounds are highly safe in the body. Based on the BOILED‐Egg model study, good absorption is suggested for all the molecules, and they can cross the blood‐brain barrier.
Novel 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazole‐Linked 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐thiols as Potent Antihyperglycemic Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Molecular Modelling Investigations
Authors: Rouzi Khouloud , Mortada Salma , Hassan Mubashir , Alsalme Ali , Kloczkowski Andrzej , Karbane Miloud El , Bouatia Mustapha , Faouzi My El Abbes , Karrouchi Khalid
Published: October 2024

In this work, a series of pyrazole‐linked 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol derivatives (3a–i) were prepared and identified by 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) data. The newly synthesized molecules were also evaluated in vitro for their α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory potential. All newly synthesized compounds exhibited potent α‐glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 in the range of 1.016 ± 0.70 to 24.40 ± 0.02 µM and good α‐amylase inhibitory with IC50 in the range of 49.91 ± 0.32 to 500 µM, as compared to acarbose. The most potent compound among this series is derivative 3e, with IC50 value of 1.016 ± 0.70 µM, which is many folds more than that of acarbose. In addition, in docking studies, both compounds exhibited good interactions at the active region of target proteins. Therefore, this study may lead via structural modifications to the discovery of new potent α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitors useful in the diabetes treatment.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Flexible, Large‐Area, ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Yu Na , Dong Fangliang , Li Zheng , Gao Jiaxin , Lin Yi , Wang Ming , Tang Zheng , Ma Zaifei
Published: October 2024

The development of flexible ITO‐free devices is crucial for the industrial advancement of organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology. Here, a novel ITO‐free device architecture is proposed, and ITO‐free OPV devices are realized on glass substrates with performance comparable to that of ITO‐based devices. It is also demonstrated that the performance of ITO‐free devices on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates is limited due to the higher surface roughness of PET, leading to high voltage losses, low device quantum efficiency, and high device leakage current. To address the issue of high roughness on the PET surface, a polyimide (PI) modification strategy is developed and the PI‐modified PET is employed as the substrate to construct flexible ITO‐free OPV devices and large‐area modules with an active area of up to 16.5 cm2. This approach leads to decreased trap‐assisted recombination losses, enhanced exciton dissociation efficiency, and a reduced density of pinholes in flexible OPV devices, resulting in improved photovoltaic performance under both strong and weak illumination conditions. The outcomes of this work are expected to advance the industrial development of flexible organic photovoltaic technology.
Amino Acid Functionalized SrTiO3 Nanoarrays with Enhanced Osseointegration Through Programmed Rapid Biofilm Elimination and Angiogenesis Controlled by NIR‐Driven Gas Therapy
Authors: Liu Zheng , Wang Juehan , Qi Lin , Wang Jing , Xu Huilun , Yang Hao , Liu Jiangshan , Liu Limin , Feng Ganjun , Zhang Li
Published: October 2024

Bacterial biofilm formation is closely associated with persistent infections of medical implants, which can lead to implantation failure. Additionally, the reconstruction of the vascular network is crucial for achieving efficient osseointegration. Herein, an anti‐biofilm nanoplatform based on L‐arginine (LA)/new indocyanine green (NICG) that is anchored to strontim titanium oxide (SrTiO3) nano‐arrays on a titanium (Ti) substrate by introducing polydopamine (PDA) serving as the interlayer is designed and successfully fabricated. Near‐infrared light (NIR) is used to excite NICG, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that react with LA to release nitric oxide (NO) molecules. Utilizing the concentration‐dependent effect of NO, high power density NIR irradiation applied during the early stage after implantation to release a high concentration of NO, which synergized with the photothermal effect of PDA to eliminate bacterial biofilm. Subsequently, the irradiation power density can be finely down‐regulated to reduce the NO concentration in subsequent treatment for accelerating the reconstruction of blood vessels. Meanwhile, SrTiO3 nano‐arrays improve the hydrophilicity of the implant surface and slowly release strontium (Sr) ions for continuously optimizing the osteogenic microenvironment. Effective biofilm elimination and revascularization alongside the continuous optimization of the osteogenic microenvironment can significantly enhance the osseointegration of the functionalized Ti implant in in vivo animal experiments.
In Situ Construction of SnS2@SnO2 Heterostructure for Photo‐Assisted Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Jinnong , Wang Ze , He Jie , Han Lin , Li Xin , Han Keyi , Chen Tianen , Zhou Qianyu , Yang Luobai , Zhao Dongye , Wang Yuanhao , Wang Shifeng
Published: October 2024

Photo‐assisted electrocatalysis has arisen as a promising approach for hydrogen generation by incorporating photocatalysts into electrocatalysts. 2D SnS2 is a photocatalyst that absorbs visible light. However, the rapid recombination of photo‐generated electron‐hole pairs significantly reduces the overall photocatalytic efficiency of SnS2, limiting its practical application. Thus, this study prepares an in situ heterojunction SnS2@SnO2 using a one‐step hydrothermal method. The degradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) using SnS2@SnO2 is measured, achieving a degradation rate of 92.75% within 1 h, which is 1.9 times higher than that of pure SnS2. Additionally, FeNiS/SnS2@SnO2 is synthesized and exhibited significant improvements in the photo‐assisted oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It achieves an overpotential of 260 mV and a Tafel slope of 65.1 mV dec−1 at 10 mA cm−2, showing reductions of 11.8% and 31.8%, respectively, compared to FeNiS alone. These enhancements highlight the strong photo‐response capability of SnS2@SnO2. Under the internal electric field of SnS2@SnO2, the photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of SnS2 quickly move toward SnO2, facilitating efficient photocatalytic reactions. FeNiS, with a lower Fermi energy level (EF), facilitates electron transfer from SnS2@SnO2 and enhances OER performance by efficiently participating in the reaction. This study paves a new path for 2D photocatalyst materials.
Impact of Microplastics on the Carbon and Nitrogen of Vermicompost
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Sutanto Adi , Widodo Wahyu , Warkoyo Warkoyo , Yuniwati Eny Dyah , Garfansa Marchel Putra , Ekalaturrahmah Yenni Arista Cipta , Sugiono Sugiono , Ramadani Shefa Dwijayanti , Setyobudi Roy Hendroko
Published: October 2024

The impact of microplastics (MPs) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content in vermicompost is not yet fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of MPs on the carbon and nitrogen ratio in vermicompost, which is important for soil quality and health. The study was carried out using a control treatment and six variations of MPs in the vermicomposting process. Observations were carried out at certain time intervals for 60 days with routine measurements of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), seed germination index (GI), survival rate (SR), and C/N ratio. The results showed that all types of MPs caused a decrease in the C/N ratio compared to the control, with the high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) MPs treatment showing the most significant decrease (from 21 to 9.42). Observations also showed that MPs had an impact on reducing the SR parameters (6.88%–20.41%), pH (6.8–6.1), and EC (525.3–398 µs/cm) in vermicompost, which had an impact on the final product quality thereby reducing the GI (10%–28%). MPs have a significant effect on the C/N ratio in vermicompost, reducing the quality of the compost. This study provides new insights into how MPs can affect the composting process and the quality of the final product, important for sustainable agricultural practices and waste management.