bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative content analysis of newspaper coverage about extreme risk protection order policies in passing and non-passing US states
Authors: Aubel Amanda J. , Pallin Rocco , Knoepke Christopher E. , Wintemute Garen J. , Kravitz-Wirtz Nicole
Published: May 2022

Background

Extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws are a tool for firearm violence prevention (in effect in 19 states), often enacted in the wake of a public mass shooting when media coverage of gun violence tends to spike. We compared news media framing of ERPOs in states that passed and those that considered but did not pass such laws after the 2018 mass shooting in Parkland, Florida.

Methods

We conducted a content analysis of 244 newspaper articles about ERPOs, published in 2018, in three passing (FL, VT, RI) and three non-passing states (PA, OH, CO). Measures included language used, stakeholders mentioned, and scientific evidence cited. We use chi-square tests to compare the proportion of articles with each measure of interest in passing versus non-passing states.

Results

Compared to newspaper coverage of non-passing states, news articles about ERPOs in passing states more often used only official policy names for ERPOs (38% vs. 23%,p = .03), used less restrictive language such as “prevent” to describe the process of suspending firearm access (15% vs. 3%,p < .01), mentioned gun violence prevention advocacy groups (41% vs. 28%,p = .08), and referenced research on ERPOs (17% vs. 7%,p = .03). Articles about passing states also more often explicitly stated that a violent event was or could have been prevented by an ERPO (20% vs. 6%,p < .01).

Conclusions

Media messaging that frames gun violence as preventable, emphasizes identifiable markers of risk, and draws on data in conjunction with community wisdom may support ERPO policy passage. As more states consider ERPO legislation, especially given endorsement by the Biden-Harris administration, deeper knowledge about successful media framing of these life-saving policies can help shape public understandings and support.
Evaluation of the short-term curative effect of closed reduction in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip based on three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging finite element analysis
Authors: Liu Jiani , Gao Tianyang , Li Jia , Shan Hui , Pan Shinong
Published: May 2022

Background

Based on the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D-MRI), finite element models of the hip joints of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip were established. The primary objectives included simulation and analysis of the finite element model pre- and post-closed reduction under different stances and loads, and evaluation of the size and distribution of von Mises stress in the acetabulum and femoral head pre- and post-operation and the short-term effects.

Methods

Acetabular index measurements of both the unaffected and affected sides were conducted, alongside International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification of the affected hip. Establishing the finite element model of both the affected and unaffected hips was based on the 3D-T1WI sequence DICOM data, using Mimics, 3-matic, and Ansys software, before and after closed reduction surgery. The size and distribution data of von Mises stress on the affected side of the acetabulum and femoral head were collected pre- and post-operation.

Results

The study indicated that the increasing acetabular index of the affected hip was directly proportional to the increasing severity based on IHDI classification (P < 0.05). Preoperative IHDI classification significantly correlated with the von Mises stress (r = 0.560–0.569, 0.562–0.564, P < 0.05). Under different stances and load conditions, the von Mises stress on the affected side post-operation was lower than that noted pre-operation (P < 0.01), while that on the acetabulum increased proportionally to the load. Although the magnitude and distribution of von Mises stress on the affected side of the acetabulum were similar to those on the healthy side post-operation, there were statistical differences between the two (P < 0.01). The von Mises stress of the lateral column of the femoral head post-operation was significantly lower than that noted pre-operation (P < 0.01). While the high-stress points of the lateral column disappeared post-operation, the von Mises stress was evenly distributed in the femoral head.

Conclusions

The 3D-MRI finite element could provide the von Mises stress value and distribution characteristics of the acetabulum and femoral head pre- and post-operation. Closed reduction can, therefore, improve the size and distribution of von Mises stress on the affected acetabulum and femoral head.
Study on the relationship between hormone and Lp(a) in Chinese overweight/obese patients
Authors: Chang Xiaona , Bian Nannan , Ding Xiaoyu , Li Jinman , An Yu , Wang Jiaxuan , Liu Jia , Wang Guang
Published: May 2022

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic diseases and often influences hormone change. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is associated with various metabolic diseases, but there are few studies on the relationship between Lp(a) and hormones in obese patients. This study investigated the the relationship between Lp(a) and hormones in Chinese overweight/obese people.

Methods

A total of 410 overweight/obese patients (Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included and underwent sociodemographic data investigations and relevant clinical examinations. Lp(a) was analyzed by colorimetric enzymatic assays and hormone was measured with chemiluminescence immunoassay method. According to Lp(a) levels, they were categorized into 3 groups: the lower Lp(a) group (Lp(a) levels < 30 mg/dl), the moderate Lp(a) group (Lp(a) levels between 30 mg/dl and 120 mg/dl) and the higher Lp(a) group (Lp(a) levels > 120 mg/dl). The differences of hormone levels among the three groups were compared and the relationship between Lp(a) and hormones was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results

The higher Lp(a) group had significantly lower testosterone (TES) levels compared with the lower and moderate Lp(a) groups in the case of gender, age and BMI matching. Lp(a) concentration was negatively correlated with TES levels in all participants and the negative association between Lp(a) and TES levels was also observed when the analysis was stratified by gender. Additionally, the TES was statistically related with Lp(a) levels in the multiple linear regression model (95% confidence interval: − 0.451 to − 0.079).

Conclusions

TES levels was negatively associated with Lp(a) levels in Chinese overweight/obese patients.
Influence of needle working length and root canal curvature on irrigation: a computational fluid dynamics analysis based on a real tooth
Authors: Zhou Na , Huang Zhengqiu , Yu Mingzhou , Deng Shuli , Fu Baiping , Jin Hanhui
Published: May 2022

Backgrounds

To compare the irrigation efficiency with different needle working length and different root canal curvature based on a real unshaped root canal using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method.

Methods

Images of the root canal of the maxillary first molar after being prepared to .04/15 were scanned using micro-CT, and then imported into the software for three-dimensional reconstruction. A palatal root canal with a curvature of 23.4° was selected as the experiment canal. The needle working length of the 30-G flat needle was 4.75 mm, 5 mm, 5.25 mm and 5.5 mm short of apical foramen respectively, the flow pattern, irrigation velocity, shear stress were compared. The modified curved canals with a curvature of 0°, 5°, 10°, 20° and 30°were reconstructed via software. The flat needle was replaced at the optical inserted depth, and key parameters of irrigation efficiency were analyzed.

Results

Decreased needle working length had a positive impact on irrigation efficiency. With the optimal needle working length, the replacement of the apical irrigation fluid, the effective velocity, and wall shear stress were significantly improved in more severely curved root canals. With the same needle working depth and analogous canal curvature, irrigation efficiency is higher in real canal than that of modified canal.

Conclusions

Short needle working depth, large curvature and the anomalous inner wall of canals help to improve irrigation efficiency.
Meeting ethical challenges with authenticity when engaging patients and families in end-of-life and palliative care research: a qualitative study
Authors: DeCamp Matthew , Alasmar Ahmed , Fischer Stacy , Kutner Jean S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Delivering high quality, patient- and family-centered care depends upon high quality end-of-life and palliative care (EOLPC) research. Engaging patients and families as advisors, partners, or co-investigators throughout the research lifecycle is widely regarded as critical to ensuring high quality research. Engagement is not only an ethical obligation, it also raises ethical challenges of its own. We conducted a qualitative study to understand ethical challenges and potential solutions when engaging patients and families in EOLPC research.

Methods

We recruited and interviewed 20 clinical investigators and 22 patients or family caregivers through the Palliative Care Research Cooperative Group (PCRC). Interview transcripts were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory methodology. Analysis sought to identify ethical challenges and potential solutions, as well as to synthesize findings into practical recommendations tailored to engaging patients and families in EOLPC research.

Results

Our study identified 8 ethical challenges considered unique to the EOLPC research context and 11 potential solutions to these challenges. The most frequently described ethical challenges included the need to minimize burdens of engagement for patients and caregivers, challenges of dealing with death and illness, and paternalism or “gatekeeping” (i.e., withholding the opportunity to participate from patients or caregivers). Investigators and patients or family caregivers conceptualized ethics challenges differently; several issues appeared to fall outside a traditional research ethics paradigm and more into the ethics of relationships. We synthesized these findings into 4 practical recommendations hypothesized to support authentic engagement.

Conclusions

Engaging patients and families in EOLPC research can raise unique ethical challenges. These challenges can be overcome to empower participation, minimize the unique burdens of EOLPC, and promote diversity. Whereas traditional research ethics tend to emphasize protecting research participants who may be vulnerable, an ethics approach based on authentic engagement that explores what it means for investigators and patients or family caregivers to be in a relationship may be needed. Future research is needed to explore this approach and test these recommendations in practice.
Creating Wikipedia articles on health and technology topics can empower the writers and benefit the community
Authors: Moscovici Khen , Arie Gal Ben , Shelef Ilan , Kalet Adina
Published: May 2022

Background

Publicly accessible information regarding imaging procedures is lacking, especially in non-English languages. Biomedical engineering students do not generally have opportunities to practice conveying scientific knowledge to the public.

Methods

As part of a Techniques and Clinical Usage of Medical Imaging Devices course, for extra credit, several biomedical engineering students choose to create and edit Wikipedia articles in the local language (Hebrew). The goal of this activity was to serve the local community, while improving students’ abilities and self-perception in reading and reporting scientific knowledge. Following task completion, individual interviews were conducted with the students to assess the impact of the task on student personal development, sense of meaning and their view of their role in educating the public.

Results

Most students considered the task meaningful and impactful on society. Additional academic credit was not perceived as the most important incentive for participating.

Conclusions

Medical and other professional schools should seek to include tasks such as writing Wikipedia articles in their curricula. Educational assignments that integrate academic work, student identity development and direct community benefit can have a long-term beneficial impact on learners and society.
The acceptability of integrated healthcare services for HIV and non-communicable diseases: experiences from patients and healthcare workers in Tanzania
Authors: Shayo Elizabeth H. , Kivuyo Sokoine , Seeley Janet , Bukenya Dominic , Karoli Peter , Mfinanga Sayoki Godfrey , Jaffar Shabbar , Van Hout Marie-Claire
Published: May 2022

Background

In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has risen sharply amidst a high burden of communicable diseases. An integrated approach to HIV and NCD care offers the potential of strengthening disease control programmes. We used qualitative methods to explore patients’ and care-providers’ experiences and perspectives on the acceptability of integrated care for HIV-infection, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension (HT) in Tanzania.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted in selected health facilities in Dar es Salaam and Coastal regions, which had started to provide integrated care and management for HIV, DM, and HT using a single research clinic for patients with one or more of these conditions. In-depth interviews were held with patients and healthcare providers at three time points: At enrolment (prior to the patient receiving integrated care, at the mid-line and at the study end). A minimum of 16 patients and 12 healthcare providers were sampled for each time point. Observation was also carried out in the respective clinics during pre- and mid-line phases. The Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) underpinned the structure and interpretation of the combined qualitative and observational data sets.

Results

Patients and healthcare providers revealed a positive attitude towards the integrated care delivery model at the mid-line and at study end-time points. High acceptability was related to increased exposure to service integration in terms of satisfaction with the clinic setup, seating arrangements and the provision of medical care services. Satisfaction also centred on the patients’ freedom to move from one service point to another, and to discuss the services and their own health status amongst themselves. Adherence to medication and scheduling of clinic appointments appeared central to the patient-provider relationship as an aspect in the provision of quality services. Multi-condition health education, patient time and cost-saving, and detection of undiagnosed disease conditions emerged as benefits. On the other hand, a few challenges included long waiting times and limited privacy in lower and periphery health facilities due to infrastructural limitations.

Conclusion

The study reveals a continued high level of acceptability of the integrated care model among study participants in Tanzania. This calls for evaluation in a larger and a comparative study. Nevertheless, much more concerted efforts are necessary to address structural challenges and maximise privacy and confidentiality.
Silencing of histone deacetylase 3 suppresses the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of miR-494-mediated TGIF1
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Yuan , Lin Zongxiang , Wu Kai , He Zhanfeng , Zhu Dengyan , Zhao Jia , Zhang Chunyang , Fan Yuxia
Published: May 2022

Background

Deacetylation of histones by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) acts importantly in modulating apoptosis, DNA damage and cellular progression. Herein, we aimed to unravel the functional role of HDAC3 in a lethal disease, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

The expression of HDAC3 in clinically collected ESCC tissues was determined by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. As revealed from bioinformatics analysis, the putative relations between HDAC3 and microRNA-494 (miR-494) and between miR-494 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-inducing factor 1 (TGIF1) were further verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Functional roles of shRNA-mediated depletion of HDAC3, miR-494 mimic and overexpressed TGIF1 were explored by gain- and loss-of-function assays with regard to ESCC cell biological behaviors. A nude mouse model of ESCC was developed for in vivo validation.

Results

HDAC3 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues, suggestive of poor prognosis while TGIF1 was upregulated and miR-494 was downregulated. Mechanistic investigation revealed that HDAC3 inhibited miR-494 expression and TGIF1 was a direct target of miR-494. Furthermore, silencing HDAC3 or overexpressing miR-494 was demonstrated to suppress aggressive phenotypes of ESCC cells both in vitro through the activated TGFβ signaling pathway and in vivo, while TGIF1 overexpression induced opposite results.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings provided demonstration regarding the oncogenic property of HDAC3 in ESCC via the miR-494/TGIF1/TGFβ axis.
Cell-line dependency in cerebral organoid induction: cautionary observations in Alzheimer’s disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Lee Ju-Hyun , Yoo Geon , Choi Juhyun , Park Si-Hyung , Shin Hyogeun , Prasad Renuka , Lee Yeunehee , Ahn Mee Ryung , Cho Il-Joo , Sun Woong
Published: May 2022

The cerebral organoid (CO) model has been used in the study of various neurodegenerative diseases owing to its physiological implications. However, the CO model may only be representative of certain clinical findings in affected patients, while some features are not recapitulated. In this study, we found that neurons in the CO model from patients with Alzheimer’s disease were less responsive to depolarization, in contrast to previous reports. This difference may be partly attributed to the variations in brain spatial identity depending on the genetic background of the induced pluripotent stem cells. Our current observation raises concerns that the phenotypes observed in the CO model need to be carefully evaluated for their clinical implications.
Influenza vaccination coverage in pediatric population in Italy: an analysis of recent trends
Authors: D’Ambrosio Floriana , Lanza Teresa Eleonora , Messina Rosaria , Villani Leonardo , Pezzullo Angelo Maria , Ricciardi Walter , Rosano Aldo , Cadeddu Chiara
Published: May 2022

Background

Influenza is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and exacerbation of extant chronic disease worldwide. Influenza vaccination is thus fundamental to reduce the burden of disease. In this study, we describe the trend of influenza vaccination coverage in the seasons 2010/11–2020/21 among children aged < 2, 2–4 and 5–8 in Italy.

Methods

We analyzed the trend of influenza vaccination coverage in the pediatric population in Italy from the 2010/11 to the 2020/21 season at national and regional level and observed the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the pediatric population between 2010/11 and 2020/21.

Results

In the period 2010/11–2019/20 the highest value of coverage (4.5%) was reached in the age group 2–4 and 5–8 (season 2010/11 and 2011/12, respectively), while the lowest belonged to the < 2 group (1.1% in the season 2015/16). In the season 2020/2021 all the age groups reported a substantial increase of coverage compared with the previous season. The highest value (19.0%) was reported in the age group 2–4, followed by the group 5–8 and <  2 (13.1 and 9.2%, respectively). Considering the rates of annual ILI cases, the highest value for the 0–4 age group was 18.5% in the 2011/12 season; for the 5–14 age group, the highest value was 27.7% in the 2010/11 season.

Conclusions

Over the past 11 years pediatric influenza vaccination coverage in Italy has been low, with relevant differences across regions and seasons, albeit a general increase in coverage has been observed in the 2020/21 season. Universal influenza vaccination for children should be considered as a priority for the high incidence in this age group. Further research is needed to improve knowledge and comparability of coverage rates, and to identify the best practices for organizational models of delivery which can support the improvement of trends, the acceptability and accessibility by parents and awareness in stakeholders and decision makers.
Prevalence and prognostic value of preexisting sarcopenia in patients with mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Lin Taiping , Shu Xiaoyu , Song Quhong , Dai Miao , Zhao Yanli , Huang Li , Tu Xiangping , Yue Jirong
Published: May 2022

Background

Sarcopenia is defined as age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and/or function in the context of aging. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most frequently used critical care technologies in critically ill patients. The prevalence of preexisting sarcopenia and the clinical impact of its prognostic value on patients with MV are unclear. This review sought to identify the prevalence and prognostic value of preexisting sarcopenia on MV patient health outcomes.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library and were searched for all articles published as of December 2021. The prevalence of sarcopenia was determined using the authors' definitions from the original studies. Comparisons were made between patients who did and did not have sarcopenia for prognostic outcomes, including mortality, the number of days of MV, the length of intensive care unit stay, and the length of hospital stay. Odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for pooled analyses of the relationships between sarcopenia and prognostic outcomes.

Results

The initial search identified 1333 studies, 17 of which met the eligibility criteria for the quantitative analysis, including 3582 patients. The pooled prevalence was 43.0% (95% CI 34.0–51.0%; I2 = 96.7%). The pooled analyses showed that sarcopenia was related to increased mortality (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.70, 2.67; I2 = 45.0%), longer duration of MV (MD = 1.22; 95% CI 0.39, 2.05; I2 = 97.0%), longer days of ICU stay (MD = 1.31; 95% CI 0.43, 2.19; I2 = 97.0%), and hospital stay (MD 2.73; 95% CI 0.58, 4.88; I2 = 98.0%) in patients with MV.

Conclusion

The prevalence of sarcopenia is relatively high in patients with MV, and it will have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients. However, further, large-scale, high-quality prospective cohort studies are required.
RNA modification mapping with JACUSA2
Authors: Piechotta Michael , Naarmann-de Vries Isabel S. , Wang Qi , Altmüller Janine , Dieterich Christoph
Published: May 2022

Several high-throughput antibody-free methods for RNA modification detection from sequencing data have been developed. We present JACUSA2 as a versatile software solution and comprehensive analysis framework for RNA modification detection assays that are based on either the Illumina or Nanopore platform. Importantly, JACUSA2 can integrate information from multiple experiments, such as replicates and different conditions, and different library types, such as first- or second-strand cDNA libraries. We demonstrate its utility, showing analysis workflows for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and pseudouridine (Ψ) detection on Illumina and Nanopore sequencing data sets. Our software and its R helper package are available as open source solutions.
Increased frequency of IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells and its association with the renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Zhi-Ying , Gong Yan , You Ran , Ming-Hui  , Zhao  , Chen Min
Published: May 2022

Background

B cells have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) by the identification of activated B cells in granulomatous lesions and the efficacy of B cell depletion in treatment of AAV patients in the current study; we aimed to investigate the frequency of a specific B cell subset, IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells in AAV patients, and its association with the disease severity of AAV.

Methods

Blood samples of patients with AAV in active stage and in remission were collected. The frequency of IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells was detected by flow cytometry, and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.

Results

Our results showed a significant increase of circulating IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells in AAV patients in active stage compared with patients in remission and healthy donors, and the frequency of IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells correlated with the severity of renal involvement, including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and percentages of total crescents in renal biopsies.

Conclusions

The results indicated that IgD-CD27hiCD38hi B cells could reflect disease severity of renal involvement in AAV.
Automatically search an optimal face detector for a specific deployment environment
Authors: Luo Jiapeng , Wang Zhongfeng
Published: May 2022

Face detection plays an important role in many artificial intelligence applications, such as identity recognition, facial expression recognition, and gender/age recognition. Recently, the development of deep learning techniques has greatly improved face detection’s performance. However, it is still ineffective and time-consuming to manually design hyperparameters of face detectors for different deployment environments with diverse distributions. Besides, due to the limited computation capability, many previous networks are hard to meet the latency requirements in deployment environments, and the improved resolution of current cameras further increases the computation burden. Motivated by the above problems, we propose a searching framework aiming to automatically search a real-time face detector architecture with a fixed complexity constraint, to adapt a specific deployment environment. We model the whole searching space into two parts, including the hyperparameters of the network and the detector. Instead of only searching the network structure, the proposed method considers the whole model’s hyperparameters space which contains the preprocessing and postprocessing parameters. The evolutionary algorithm is employed to find the optimal solution, and new evolutionary operations are proposed to explore architecture space. During the whole searching procedure, we guarantee the computation cost is under the restrictions. The advantages of the proposed framework are that it considers a hard computation cost constraint and the preprocessing and postprocessing hyperparameters, leading to a fully automatic design style and global optimization. Finally, we evaluate the proposed model on the most popular Widerface and FDDB datasets. The proposed detector significantly surpasses the existing lightweight face detectors in the comprehensive performances, and the average latency is twice as shorter as the best competitor.
COVID-19 vaccines in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a retrospective cohort on safety data and risk factors associated with unvaccinated status
Authors: Cao Zhujun , Zhang Chenxi , Zhao Shuang , Sheng Zike , Xiang Xiaogang , Li Ruokun , Qian Zhuping , Wang Yinling , Chen Bin , Li Ziqiang , Liu Yuhan , An Baoyan , Zhou Huijuan , Cai Wei , Wang Hui , Gui Honglian , Xin Haiguang , Xie Qing
Published: May 2022

Background

Safety data reported from the large-scale clinical trials of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine are extremely limited in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The vaccination campaign in this specific population could be difficult due to uncertainty about the adverse events following vaccination. We aimed to assessed the COVID-19 vaccination rate, factors associated with unvaccinated status, and the adverse events following vaccination in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods

This is a retrospective study from Ruijin Hospial (Shanghai, China) on an ongoing prospective cohort designed for long-term survival analysis of decompensated cirrhotic patients who recovered from decompensating events or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) between 2016 and 2018. We assessed the COVID-19 vaccination rate, the number of doses, type of vaccine, safety data, patient-reported reasons for remaining unvaccinated, factors associated with unvaccinated status, and the adverse events of COVID-19 vaccine. Binary logistic regression was used for identifying factors associated with unvaccinated status.

Results

A total of 229 patients with decompensated cirrhosis without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection participated (mean age, 56 ± 12.2 years, 75% male, 65% viral-related cirrhosis). Mode of decompensation were grade II‒III ascites (82.5%), gastroesophageal varices bleeding (7.9%), hepatic encephalopathy (7.9%). Eighty-five participants (37.1%) received at least one dose of vaccination (1 dose: n = 1, 2 doses: n = 65, 3 doses: n = 19) while 62.9% remained unvaccinated. Patient-reported reasons for remaining unvaccinated were mainly fear of adverse events (37.5%) and lack of positive advice from healthcare providers (52.1%). The experience of hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 5.61, 95% CI: 1.24–25.4) or ACLF (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.12–8.69) and post-liver transplantation status (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.06–5.76) were risk factors of remaining unvaccinated independent of residential areas. The safety analysis demonstrated that 75.3% had no adverse events, 23.6% had non-severe reactions (20% injection-site pain, 1.2% fatigue, 2.4% rash) and 1.2% had a severe event (development of acute decompensation requiring hospitalization).

Conclusions

Patients with decompensated cirrhosis in eastern China are largely remained at unvaccinated status, particularly those with previous episodes of ACLF or hepatic encephalopathy and liver transplantation recipients. Vaccination against COVID-19 in this population is safe.

Graphical Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 in multiple myeloma cells under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Okabe Seiichi , Tanaka Yuko , Gotoh Akihiko
Published: May 2022

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has been dramatically changed by the introduction of new agents; however, many patients relapse. Hypoxia is a critical component of the bone-marrow microenvironment. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) is responsible for maintaining cellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, which regulates glycolysis. We found that the gene expressions of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 were elevated under hypoxic conditions. Treatments with the PFKFB3 inhibitor, PFK158, and PFKFB4 inhibitor, 5MPN, were found to inhibit the growth of myeloma cells. The combined treatment of myeloma cells with carfilzomib and PFK158 or 5MPN was more cytotoxic than either drug alone. Caspase 3/7 activity and cellular cytotoxicity were also increased. In addition, the combined treatment was effective in the bortezomib-resistant cell line. Our data also suggest that administration of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 inhibitors may be a powerful strategy against myeloma cells and to enhance the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitors in hypoxic conditions.
Leaf rolling and leaf angle improve fog capturing and transport in wheat; adaptation for drought stress in an arid climate
Authors: Merrium Sabah , Ali Zulfiqar , Habib-ur-Rahman Muhammad , Hakeem Sadia , Khalid Muhammad Arslan
Published: May 2022

Background

Plants use different mechanisms to transport the collected fog water. Leaf traits of wheat play an important role in directing fog water through leaf rolling and leaf angle into the root zone, where it can be stored for consumption. Wheat leaf traits can enhance fog capturing under drought stress. To examine this, 200 wheat genotypes were characterized for leaf rolling and leaf angle under optimal conditions in the field using a randomized complete block design. Seven different phenotypic combinations for leaf traits were observed. A core set of 44 genotypes was evaluated under drought stress.

Results

Results show that variability for leaf traits existed among genotypes. An association was found between leaf rolling and leaf angle, moisture capturing, physiological parameters, and yield contributing traits using correlation. Physiological parameters, especially water use efficiency, were positively correlated with grain yield and moisture capturing at both growth stages. The genotypes (G11 at tillering and G24 at booting phonological phases) with inward to twisting type rolling and erect to semi-erect leaf angle capture more water (12–20%) within the root zone. Twenty-one genotypes were selected based on moisture capturing efficiency and evaluated for leaf surface wettability. Association was found between fog capturing and wettability. This shows that it was due to the leaf repellency validated from static contact angle measurements.

Conclusion

These results will give insights into fog capturing and the development of drought-tolerant crops in the semi-arid and arid regions.
Determination of some heavy metals from aqueous solutions using modified Amberlite XAD-4 resin by selective solid-phase extraction
Authors: Kocaoba Sevgi
Published: May 2022

The adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions on m-phenylenediamine-modified Amberlite XAD-4 resin was investigated. The effects of pH, adsorbent amount, initial metal concentration, eluent type and volume and flow rate on the retention of the metal ions have been studied on column studies. The optimum parameters were determined as pH 5, concentration 10 mg/L, stirring time 30 min and 0.2 g adsorbent amount and flow rate 2.5 mL/min for a quantitative adsorption. Sorption data were interpreted in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and both models were found to be fully appropriate. Each column can be used up to 10 sequential analyses without considerable change. The results indicate high metal adsorption capacity and satisfactory recovery of Pb(II) and Cd(II).
‘Getting involved in research’: a co-created, co-delivered and co-analysed course for those with lived experience of health and social care services
Authors: Blair Carolyn , Best Paul , Burns Patricia , Campbell Anne , Davidson Gavin , Duffy Joe , Johnston Anne , Kelly Berni , Killick Campbell , Dermott Denise Mac , Maddock Alan , McCartan Claire Jane , McFadden Paula , McGlade Anne , Montgomery Lorna , Patton Sonia , Schubotz Dirk , Taylor Brian , Templeton Fiona , Webb Paul , White Chris , Yap Jade
Published: May 2022

Background

‘Getting Involved in Research’ was co-created and delivered by a multi-organisational group to provide an accessible introduction to research for those with lived experience of health and social care services.

Method

The evaluation of participants’ perceptions adopted an exploratory mixed method research design and aimed to gather data to provide an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experience of ‘Getting Involved in Research’ through the co-researchers’ analysis of qualitative data using Participatory Theme Elicitation (PTE). PTE was used with the qualitative data to promote co-analysis by the course development group; analyses from an independent academic was also used to further validate the method of PTE.

Results

Thirty-five participants in total participated in ‘Getting Involved in Research’. Age ranges varied from 19 to 73 years old. Participants were predominately female (n = 24), five males participated (n = 5) and there was one participant who identified as non-binary (n = 1). Six core themes were identified using the PTE approach: (1) A Meaningful Participatory Approach (2) Increasing the Confidence of Participants (3) Interactive Online Format (4) An Ambient Learning Environment (5) A Desire for Future Courses (6) A Balance of Course Content and Discussion. Participants in ‘Getting Involved in Research’ reported that the content of the training was applicable, relevant, fostered awareness of research methods and anticipated that it would support their involvement in research.

Conclusion

‘Getting Involved in Research’ has contributed innovatively to the evidence base for how to engage with and motivate those who have experience of health and social care to become actively involved in research. This study demonstrates that ‘Getting Involved in Research’ may be helpful to train those with lived experience and their care partners however, further research following up on the application of the course learning would be required to ascertain effectiveness.

Future directions

Future research should explore methods to apply research skills in practice to further develop participants’ confidence in using the skills gained through ‘Getting Involved in Research’.
A new five-level inverter with reduced leakage current for photovoltaic system applications
Authors: Hosseinkhani Vahid , Sarvi Mohammad
Published: May 2022

A general growth is being seen in the use of renewable energy resources, and photovoltaic cells are becoming increasingly popular for converting green renewable solar energy into electricity. Since the voltage produced by photovoltaic cells is DC, an inverter is required to connect them to the grid with or without transformers. Transformerless inverters are often used for their low cost and low power loss, and light weight. However, these inverters suffer from leakage current in the system, a challenge that needs to be addressed. In this paper, a topology with two alternative connection models is presented to stabilize the common mode voltage and reduce the leakage current. The output voltage characteristic of the proposed inverter is five-level, which reduces the harmonic distortion in the output current compared to the two- and three-level inverters. The operation modes and output of the proposed topology are described and analyzed. The structures of the proposed inverter are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and are compared with some well-known structures. Results show that the proposed structure with both connection models effectively reduces leakage current and improves grid current THD.
Detection of an undescended parathyroid adenoma with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Booij J. , Nijhuis E. W. P. , ’t Hof K. H.
Published: May 2022

Surgical excision of a parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is the only curative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). The transition from routine bilateral neck exploration to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has been made possible by preoperative location techniques, including molecular imaging. Here, we present a case of a 76-year-old man with PHP who underwent a [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT scan, which showed a rare undescended PTA at the level of the right carotid bifurcation. After a successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, a PTA was confirmed, and the parathyroid hormone level normalized within 24 h. We conclude that it is relevant to locate preoperatively a PTA accurately to assist the surgeon to perform a successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.
Potential biocontrol and plant growth promotion of an endophytic bacteria isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis seeds
Authors: Wang Lanmeng , Xi Na , Lang Duoyong , Zhou Li , Zhang Yajuan , Zhang Xinhui
Published: May 2022

Background

Endophytic bacteria have been demonstrated to be one of the most potentially important biocontrol agents for their efficiently improved plant growth and protection of host plants from infection by phytopathogens.

Results

Nine strains of endophytic bacteria isolated fromGlycyrrhiza uralensisFisch. (G. uralensis) seeds were screened for the inhibitory effect against 5 fungal phytopathogens by using dual culture method. Among which, the isolate FT2showed the highest percentage of inhibition to all the test fungal phytopathogens. Detached root assay showed that FT2significantly reduced disease index and rotted area onAngelica sinensisroot slices caused byFusarium acuminatum. FT2also exhibited multiple plant growth promotion traits by qualitative analytical method. Based on phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characterization and genotypic characterization, the FT2strain was identified asStenotrophomonas rhizophila. Application of strain FT2reduced the disease index ofCucumber FusariumWilt, and the biocontrol effect was equal to chemical fungicide, carbendazim. Moreover, strain FT2increased the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and fresh weight of cucumber seedlings and the activities of the defense-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. In addition, strain FT2could promote seed germination and seedling growth ofG. uralensisand increase enzyme activities, available nutrient contents and bacterial count inG. uralensisrhizosphere soil.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated that the strain FT2could be used to develop environmentally friendly microbial products to improve the activity against pathogenic and promote plant growth.
The effectiveness of different irrigation strategies with laser activation on the bond strength of MTA as root end filling material: in vitro study
Authors: Mostafa Nada Omar , Kabel Nihal Refaat , Masoud Muhammad Abbass
Published: May 2022

Objective

To compare the push out bond strength of MTA apical plug in a simulated immature root, after using different irrigation protocols; NaOCl + 20% Etidronic acid (HEBP) and NaOCl + 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without diode laser activation.

Methods

Twenty-eight extracted single straight rooted permanent human teeth were selected. The root lengths were standardized (15 mm) by decronation of all samples. Instrumentation was done using the ProTaper Next system (Dentsply Sirona), the canals were flushed with 1 mL NaOCL after each instrument. Then, the apical 3 mm was cut perpendicular to the root’s long axis and the canals were prepared till file 90( master file) using the balanced force technique to simulate immature teeth. Samples were divided into four experimental groups (n = 7) in accordance with the irrigation protocol; G1 (NaOCl + HEBP), G2 (NaOCl + EDTA) both G1 and G2 were activated with diode laser, while G3 (NaOCl + HEBP) and G4 (NaOCl + EDTA) were activated with manual agitation. Canals were filled with a 5-mm MTA (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply Tulsa Dental) apical plug. Each root was transversely sectioned perpendicular to their long axis to have a 3 mm ± 0.1sections in thickness from the root apical portion. A push-out test was performed, and the failure pattern was assessed. Push out bond strength values were analyzed with student t test for compared pairs. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the effect of each variable (chelating agent with/without laser activation).

Result

Effect of diode laser activation in G1 and G2 showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the push out bond strength values of MTA, while in manual activated groups (G3 and G4), there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) where G4 recorded higher push out bond strength mean values than G3.

Conclusions

The diode laser activation when used with NaOCL and HEBP increased the effect of HEBP as chelating agent and improved the push out strength values of MTA, rendering it an alternative mild chelating agent in comparison with the EDTA.
Recovery of intracranial stenoses in varicella zoster virus vasculitis after long-term treatment with valacyclovir and prednisolone
Authors: Kraemer Markus , Strunk Daniel , Becker Jana , Veltkamp Roland , Berlit Peter
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose

Optimal treatment of intracranial stenoses in varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated vasculitis is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the merits and potential pitfalls of a specific therapeutic strategy, initially proposed by Don Gilden in 2015.

Methods

We describe three patients with intracranial stenoses caused by VZV vasculitis successfully treated by a long-term combination of valacyclovir and prednisolone.

Results

All three patients were young men suffering from stroke. Only one reported a first contact to VZV in adulthood. All three presented stenoses in the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery or the proximal segments of the middle cerebral artery as well as an elevated cell count and positive VZV antibody index in cerebrospinal fluid. They received a combination therapy regimen with prednisone and valacyclovir about a minimum of one year. Intracranial stenoses improved markedly in one and almost resolved completely in the other two patients. Side effects of corticosteroid treatment occurred in two patients.

Conclusions

Long-term combination treatment with prednisone and valacyclovir proved to be effective in three young men suffering from intracranial stenosis due to VZV vasculitis.
Long non-coding RNA Tug1 regulates inflammation in microglia and in status epilepticus rats through the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ming , Xie Yangmei , Shao Yiye , Chen Yinghui
Published: May 2022

Background

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of status epilepticus (SE). The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine up-regulated gene1 (Tug1) plays a well-defined role in inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of Tug1 in SE progression remains unknown. In present study, we investigated whether Tug1 is involved in microglial inflammation in SE rats.

Methods

The SE rat model was established via intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride-pilocarpine. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RIP sequencing were carried out in rat microglia (RM). Tug1 cloned into the adenovirus was overexpressed in the microglia. Knockdown of Tug1 was performed via siRNA transfection. The level of Tug1 and inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Protein levels of p65, p-p65, p-ΙκΒα and ΙκΒα were assessed by western blotting.

Results

The RIP-seq result showed 14 lncRNAs that bound to the NF-κB p65 protein in RM. The lncRNA Tug1 directly interacted with p65. The level of declined Tug1 was decreased in the hippocampus of SE rats. Overexpression of Tug1 reduced the LPS-induced inflammation and M1/M2 polarization of microglia, while knockdown of Tug1 aggravated the inflammatory response in microglia. Accordingly, the protein levels of p-p65/p65 and p-ΙκΒα/ΙκΒα were reduced in the Tug1-overexpression microglia and elevated in the Tug1-knockdown microglia.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that Tug1 modulates the inflammation in microglia through the NF-κB signal pathway, and the Tug1/P65 axis are like to play a significant role in the inflammatory processes, providing a valid target for the therapy of SE.