bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental water quality assessment in Guaratuba bay, state of Paraná, southern Brazil
Authors: Mizerkowski Byanka Damian , Machado Eunice da Costa , Brandini Nilva , Nazario Mariana Gallucci , Bonfim Kleber Vieira
Published: July 2012

An environmental assessment of the estuarine waters of Guaratuba bay, Paraná State, Brazil, is provided through the analysis of physical-chemical, biological and hydrographic dynamics. Twelve stations with a bi-monthly frequency (from October/2002 until August/2003) were sampled during spring and neap tides for the determination of pH, Secchi depth, CO2 saturation, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter and dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate). Based on the evaluation of six parameters (chlorophyll, Secchi depth, CO2 saturation, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and dissolved oxygen), Guaratuba Bay shows a low to medium trophic status, i.e. from meso- to oligotrophic, and a predominant heterotrophic metabolism, meaning that respiration overcomes primary production. Horizontal stratification was observed during the rainy season, while during the dry season the system showed more homogeneous conditions. Inorganic and/or organic matter in Guaratuba Bay seem to be controlled mainly by the seasonality of precipitation and/ also by ebb and flood tidal phase variations.
Human impact on the benthic macrofauna of two beach environments with different morphodynamic characteristics in southern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Jenyffer Vierheller , Borzone Carlos Alberto , Lorenzi Luciano , Carvalho Fabiano Grecco de
Published: July 2012

Pollution, exploitation of resources, erosion and recreational activities produce the most common impacts that somehow alter the natural balance of beach ecosystems. The aim of this study was to compare the richness and abundance of the benthic macrofauna of two sectors, one non-urbanized and the other urbanized, on each of two morphodynamically different beaches. Sectors of each beach were analyzed taking into account morphodynamic, anthropogenic (recreational activities) and ecological aspects. Morphodynamically, one of the beaches presented sediment formed of fine sand with a gentle slope and morphodynamism with dissipative characteristics. The other was of sediment formed of medium sand with a steep profile and of intermediate to reflective morphodynamic characteristics. On both beaches during the summer, the urbanized sector was frequented by a greater number of users than the non-urbanized sector. On the beach with dissipative morphodynamism, negative relationships were observed between user abundance and the species Bledius bonariensis, Donax hanleyanus, Thoracophelia furcifera, Excirolana armata, Phoxocephalopsis sp. and Tholozodium rhombofrontalis. On the beach with intermediate to reflective morphodynamics, low abundances of Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis and Excirolana braziliensis were recorded in the urbanized sector. Thus the results of this study suggest the use of certain species as indicators of human impacts on beach ecosystems.
Biological aspects of the Sailfin dory Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) caught by deep-sea trawling fishery off southern Brazil
Authors: Martins Rodrigo Silvestre , Schwingel Paulo Ricardo
Published: July 2012

Biological aspects of sailfin dory, Zenopsis conchifer, were studied from 839 individuals obtained from deep-sea commercial bottom trawling off southern Brazil at depths up to 526 m in 2002 and 2003. Samples included fish from 101 mm Lt and 15 g up to 640 mm Lt and 2,9 g. The sex-ratio was 50% at 150 mm Lt and between 300-350 mm Lt, with females outnumbering males in the remaining size classes. Reproductive activity seems to peak between July and August (austral winter). Size at attainment of 50% maturity (Lt50) was 311 mm Lt in females. The mean length and maturity of the specimens increased with depth, suggesting that larger fish concentrate in deeper waters.
Relações solo-paisagem em topossequência de origem basáltica
Authors: Meireles Humberto Teixeira , Marques Júnior José , Campos Milton César Costa , Pereira Gener Tadeu
Published: July 2012

Variações nos atributos do solo dependem da posição do solo na paisagem e processos de drenagem, erosão e deposição. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os atributos físicos e químicos do solo, em uma topossequência de origem basáltica, na região de Batatais (SP). A área possui relevo aplanado e altitude oscilando entre 740 m e 610 m, em região dominada por basaltos. Foi estabelecido caminhamento de 3.000 m, a partir do espigão da vertente, no seu declive mais suave. As superfícies geomórficas foram identificadas e delimitadas conforme critérios topográficos e estratigráficos, com base em intensas investigações detalhadas de campo. Foram coletadas amostras laterais aos perfis modais representativos das diversas superfícies geomórficas (S.G.) da topossequência (S.G. I = topo; S.G. II = meia encosta e sopé de transporte; S.G. III = ombro e sopé de deposição), totalizando 142 amostras. Além disto, foram abertas trincheiras, nos segmentos de vertente inseridos nas superfícies geomórficas mapeadas. As amostras coletadas foram analisadas quanto à densidade do solo, textura, bases trocáveis (Ca2+, K+ e Mg2+), soma de bases, capacidade de troca catiônica, saturação por bases, pH (água e KCl), SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 (ataque por H2SO4), óxidos de Fe livres extraídos com ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato e Fe mal cristalizado extraído com oxalato de amônio. Os resultados revelaram que os solos oriundos de basalto apresentaram atributos físicos e químicos com comportamento dependente das formas do relevo. Com o uso de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, foi possível distinguir três diferentes ambientes, que equivalem às três superfícies geomórficas.
Aceitabilidade e qualidade físico-química de paçocas elaboradas com amêndoa de baru
Authors: Santos Grazielle Gebrim , Silva Mara Reis , Lacerda Diracy Betânia Cavalcante Lemos , Martins Denise Mendes de Oliveira , Almeida Rogério de Araújo
Published: July 2012

O baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), fruto típico do Cerrado, é utilizado na produção de barras de cereais, biscoitos, licores e outros pratos típicos da gastronomia regional goiana. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as características físicas, químicas e a aceitabilidade de paçocas elaboradas com amêndoas de baru. A paçoca controle foi processada com amendoim e as paçocas testes com proporções de amendoim e amêndoa de baru de 75:25, 50:50 e 25:75, respectivamente. As paçocas elaboradas foram submetidas a análises sensorial, física e da composição centesimal. A amêndoa de baru torrada apresentou maior teor de fibras e cinzas, quando comparada ao amendoim torrado. O aumento do percentual de amêndoa de baru nas paçocas reduziu o teor de lipídios, o valor energético total e a aceitação global e elevou a concentração de fibras. A massa, diâmetro e espessura das paçocas não se alteraram, com a substituição parcial de amendoim por amêndoa de baru. Paçocas com 25% de amêndoa de baru tiveram o melhor desempenho, com relação à aceitação global, e apresentaram a menor densidade energética e maior concentração de fibra alimentar total, em comparação à paçoca tradicionalmente elaborada com amendoim.
Custos de produção e lucratividade de cultivares de mamona em diferentes arranjos de plantas
Authors: Petinari Ricardo Alessandro , Soratto Rogério Peres , Souza-Schlick Genivaldo David de , Zanotto Maurício Dutra , Bergamasco Sônia Maria Pessoa Pereira
Published: July 2012

A combinação ótima de espaçamento entre fileiras e populações de plantas pode levar à maximização econômica da produção da cultura da mamona. Este trabalho objetivou analisar o custo de produção e a lucratividade por hectare de duas cultivares de mamona (IAC 2028 e FCA-PB), em oito diferentes arranjos de plantas, na safra de verão dos anos agrícolas 2007/2008 e 2008/2009, em Botucatu (SP). Os melhores resultados econômicos foram obtidos quando se utilizou espaçamento entre fileiras mais estreito (0,45 m). O maior custo de produção ocorreu em 2007/2008, para a população de 70.000 plantas ha-1, devido à utilização de maior quantidade de sementes e aplicações de fungicidas, em relação a 2008/2009. A cultivar FCA-PB apresentou o melhor índice de lucratividade (27,46%), obtido com a utilização da combinação do espaçamento entre fileiras de 0,45 m e 55.000 plantas ha-1, no ano agrícola 2007/2008, com lucro operacional de R$ 1.147,08 ha-1.
Uso de etil-trinexapac em cultivares de arroz de terras altas
Authors: Arf Orivaldo , Nascimento Vagner do , Rodrigues Ricardo Antônio Ferreira , Alvarez Rita de Cássia Félix , Gitti Douglas de Castilho , Sá Marco Eustáquio de
Published: July 2012

O acamamento de plantas em cultivares de arroz, no momento da colheita, acarreta perdas significativas à produtividade. O uso de reguladores vegetais é uma das alternativas para reduzir o acamamento, entretanto, as informações sobre este assunto ainda são escassas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de doses de etil-trinexapac (0 g ha-1, 50 g ha-1, 100 g ha-1, 150 g ha-1 e 200 g ha-1 do i.a.), aplicadas por ocasião da diferenciação floral, em cultivares de arroz com diferentes tipos de plantas (Caiapó - tradicional; BRS Primavera e BRS Soberana - intermediário; e IAC 202 - moderno), avaliando o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de grãos. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria (MS), durante o ano agrícola de 2007/2008. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de 50 g ha-1, 100 g ha-1 e 150 g ha-1 de etil-trinexapac, por ocasião da diferenciação do primórdio da panícula das cultivares Caiapó, BRS Soberana e BRS Primavera, respectivamente, reduziu a altura de plantas e proporcionou ausência de acamamento; a cultivar IAC 202 dispensou o uso de regulador de crescimento, considerando-se que a mesma praticamente não apresentou acamamento; a aplicação de 50 g ha-1 e 150 g ha-1 de etil-trinexapac, por ocasião da diferenciação do primórdio da panícula, melhorou a produtividade da cultivar Caiapó e BRS Primavera, respectivamente, e a dose de 100 g ha-1 interferiu pouco na cultivar BRS Soberana.
Procedência do fruto e substratos na germinação de sementes de Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart. et Zucc.) A. Robyns
Authors: Ladeia Elâine da Silva , Coelho Maria de Fátima Barbosa , Azevedo Rodrigo Aleixo Brito de , Albuquerque Maria Cristina de Figueiredo e
Published: July 2012

O imbiruçu [Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart. et Zucc.) A. Robyns] é uma espécie arbórea que ocorre no Cerrado brasileiro. O extrativismo e a destruição deste bioma têm reduzido as populações de P. longiflorum e estudos de germinação são prioritários para sua conservação. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento germinativo de sementes de duas populações de P. longiflorum, em diferentes substratos. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5 (duas populações x cinco substratos), com cinco repetições de 50 sementes para cada tratamento. As duas populações amostradas foram provenientes de Rondonópolis e Cuiabá (MT). Os substratos consistiram de terra preta, vermiculita, areia, terra preta + vermiculita (1:1) v/v e terra preta + areia (1:1) v/v. Foi determinada a percentagem de germinação e de sementes viáveis, mortas e com fungos e o tempo médio de germinação. A maior germinabilidade ocorreu no substrato areia (78%), em sementes oriundas de Cuiabá, e nos substratos areia e vermiculita (36,6%), nas sementes provenientes de Rondonópolis. O tempo médio de germinação variou de 10,6 a 16,5 dias, para as sementes de Rondonópolis, e de 14,7 a 18,1, para as de Cuiabá. As sementes de Rondonópolis, no substrato terra preta, apresentaram 66,7% de mortalidade, com a presença de fungos dos gêneros Fusarium e Rhizoctonia. As sementes de P. longiflorum procedentes de Cuiabá apresentaram maior germinabilidade que as de Rondonópolis, sendo as mais indicadas para a produção de mudas. Recomenda-se o substrato areia para a germinação de sementes de P. longiflorum, em função da maior facilidade de aquisição e menor custo.
Trocas gasosas e eficiência fotossintética em ecótipos de feijoeiro cultivados no semiárido
Authors: Ferraz Rener Luciano de Souza , Melo Alberto Soares de , Suassuna Janivan Fernandes , Brito Marcos Eric Barbosa de , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Nunes Júnior Edivan da Silva
Published: July 2012

O feijoeiro tem expressiva importância econômico-social, embora sua produtividade seja considerada baixa no Brasil, o que decorre das condições edafoclimáticas e do baixo índice tecnológico empregado nos cultivos. Neste sentido, a utilização de cultivares promissoras pode constituir estratégia para a melhoria de seu cultivo, no semiárido brasileiro. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar trocas gasosas, eficiência instantânea no uso de água, área foliar, fitomassa, teor relativo de água nas folhas e eficiência fotossintética, em três ecótipos de feijoeiro (Eco1= G2227, Eco2= BRA 130583 CIAT G6490 e Eco3= BAT 477) cultivados no semiárido paraibano. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: taxa de assimilação de CO2, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação, eficiência instantânea no uso de água (9h às 10h e 10h às 11h), área foliar, índice de área foliar, conteúdo relativo de água na folha e eficiência fotossintética. Os ecótipos de feijoeiro expressaram variações nas trocas gasosas e na eficiência instantânea no uso de água, no decorrer do dia, sob as condições edafoclimáticas do semiárido paraibano. Já a área foliar e eficiência fotossintética não diferiram de forma significativa, nas condições estudadas. O ecótipo G2227 foi o que apresentou as melhores respostas fisiológicas, quanto à assimilação de CO2 e eficiência na carboxilação, além de apresentar menor variação na eficiência instantânea no uso de água, das 9h às 11h, evidenciando melhor adaptação às condições do semiárido e potencialidade de cultivo.
Deposição de serapilheira em povoamento de Pinus
Authors: Piovesan Gabriel , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Viera Márcio , Lopes Vicente Guilherme , Welter Carline
Published: July 2012

A serapilheira é a principal responsável pela manutenção da produtividade de povoamentos florestais estabelecidos em solos com baixa fertilidade natural. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a deposição mensal e estacional de serapilheira em um povoamento de Pinus taeda L., no município de Quedas do Iguaçu (PR). Instalaram-se, ao acaso, três parcelas de 21,0 m x 20,0 m, nas quais distribuíram-se, sistematicamente, quatro coletores de 1,0 m² cada. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, entre abril de 2007 e março de 2009, respectivamente aos oito e nove anos de idade do povoamento. A serapilheira foi separada nas frações acículas, galhos finos (diâmetro < 0,5 cm) e miscelânea, sendo, posteriormente, determinada a massa seca. A deposição anual de serapilheira foi de 7,1 Mg ha-1, com deposição superior no outono. A temperatura máxima média e a temperatura média do ar apresentaram influência inversa e significativa na deposição de acículas e na serapilheira total.
Resistência do girassol a herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase
Authors: Brighenti Alexandre Magno
Published: July 2012

O girassol é bastante sensível a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência da cultura, com o objetivo de controlar espécies daninhas de folhas largas. Diante disto, foram desenvolvidos genótipos resistentes a herbicidas do grupo químico das imidazolinonas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas dos grupos químicos das imidazolinonas e sulfonilureias, aplicados sobre plantas de girassol (Tera 8003 e Tera 8011) resistentes aos inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase (ALS). Experimentos foram conduzidos em área experimental da Embrapa Gado de Leite, nos municípios de Coronel Pacheco (MG) e Valença (RJ). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha capinada, imazapyr 25 g i.a. ha-1 e 50 g i.a. ha-1, imazethapyr 70 g i.a. ha-1 e 100 g i.a. ha-1, nicosulfuron 20 g i.a. ha-1 e 32 g i.a. ha-1 e chlorimuron 7,5 g i.a. ha-1 + 0,05% v/v de óleo mineral. Foi avaliada a percentagem de fitotoxicidade, teor de clorofila (índice SPAD), altura de plantas, produção e percentagem de matéria seca e produtividade. As doses de 70 g i.a. ha-1 e 100 g i.a. ha-1 de imazethapyr foram as mais seletivas, a dose de 20 g i.a. ha-1 do nicosulfuron apresentou tolerância moderada e os tratamentos com imazapyr e chlorimuron foram aqueles que causaram maior injúria, para ambos os híbridos de girassol.
A moderna cafeicultura dos cerrados brasileiros
Authors: Fernandes André Luís Teixeira , Partelli Fábio Luiz , Bonomo Robson , Golynski Adelmo
Published: July 2012

A cafeicultura brasileira apresenta grande importânica na geração de empregos, recursos e divisas, sendo bastante diversificada, com particularidades regionais. O Cerrado brasileiro abrange mais de 200 milhões de hectares, distribuídos nos Estados de Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, Bahia, Piauí, Maranhão e Distrito Federal, e tem se destacado com produção superior a 5 milhões de sacas por ano, principalmente de Coffea arabica L. A cafeicultura, nesta região, é caracterizada por apresentar produtividade acima da média nacional e utilizar, de maneira mais eficiente, insumos agrícolas, irrigação, genótipos apropriados e mecanização, dentre outras práticas. A cafeicultura irrigada ocupa, no Brasil, 240.000 ha, estando a maioria desta área localizada em regiões de Cerrado, representando mais de 10% da área e mais de 25% da produção de café total no País. Os sistemas de irrigação mais utilizados são os de aspersão (convencional, em malha e pivô central) e os localizados (gotejamento e modificados). O clima é favorável à qualidade do café, pois, na época da colheita, ocorrem condições de baixa umidade relativa do ar, sendo as chuvas concentradas no verão. Verifica-se, também, nas áreas de Cerrado, maior quantidade de insolação, principalmente nos meses de outono e inverno, também favorável à produtividade e qualidade. As variedades mais plantadas são do grupo Catuaí e Mundo Novo, tendo sido, também, introduzidos outros materiais promissores, com relação à produtividade e resistência à seca e a doenças.
In vitro cultivation of Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum in tick cell lines: a review
Authors: Passos Lygia Maria Friche
Published: July 2012

Continuous cell lines have been established from several ixodid and argasid tick species, representing an excellent tool suitable for the isolation of pathogens and their subsequent propagation, which in turn allows the production of antigenic material for diagnostic tests, antibody and vaccine production, and also for studies on host-vector-pathogen relationships. This paper reviews the use of tick cells for culture initiation and maintenance of two obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These in vitro cultivation systems have been used in a wide range of studies, covering morphological ultrastructural analysis, genetics, proteomics and biological differences between strains, including genome transcriptional and protein expression approaches, enabling comparisons between host and vector cells. Thus, such systems open a new window for a better understanding of interactions between pathogens and tick cells. Last but not least, such systems contribute to the reduction in usage of animals for experimental research, as antigenic material can be produced in reasonably large quantities without the use of in vivo species-specific systems.
Gastrointestinal helminths in calves and cows in an organic milk production system
Authors: Silva Jenevaldo Barbosa da , Rangel Charles Passos , Fonseca Adivaldo Henrique da , Soares João Paulo Guimarães
Published: July 2012

The main aim of this study was to determine the distribution of populations of gastrointestinal helminths in lactating crossbred cows and calves during the grazing season in an organic milk production system. In addition, the potential importance of the peripartum in relation to the parasite load was examined. Between January 2007 and December 2008, parasitological fecal examinations were performed on cattle belonging to the Integrated Animal Production Program of Embrapa Agrobiology. The cows' parasite load remained low during the study period, and there were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) in comparisons between the seasons. The average egg count showed a positive correlation (0.80) with the peripartum, such that egg elimination per gram (p < 0.05) was higher during the week of labor than during the pre and postpartum periods. Calves showed low parasite loads, with significantly higher egg elimination (p < 0.05) during the winter. The study indicated that infection with gastrointestinal helminths was not a limiting factor for milk production in the organic system. Specifically, it was concluded that the nematode load can be maintained at moderate levels throughout the production system, even in the absence of anthelmintic treatment.
Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cats with outdoor access in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Braga Maria do Socorro Costa de Oliveira , André Marcos Rogério , Jusi Márcia Mariza Gomes , Freschi Carla Roberta , Teixeira Márcia Cristina Alves , Machado Rosangela Zacarias
Published: July 2012

The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cats with outdoor access in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The presence of IgG anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies was tested using the Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). IgG anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in 101 (50.5%) and 54 (27%) sampled cats, respectively. The titers of anti-T. gondii antibodies ranged from 40 (cut-off) to 2560. On the other hand, the titers of anti-N. caninum antibodies ranged from 25 (cut-off) to 400. Twenty-seven cats (13.5%) were shown to be seropositive for both parasites. Seventy-four cats (34%) were seropositive only for T. gondii. Twenty-two cats (11%) were seropositive only for N. caninum. The present study showed that cats with outdoor access in São Luís, Maranhão, are exposed to T. gondii and N. caninum.
Resistance to cypermethrin and amitraz in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus on the Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil
Authors: Veiga Luana Paula Haubold Neis , Souza Antonio Pereira de , Bellato Valdomiro , Sartor Amélia Aparecida , Nunes Ana Paula de Oliveira , Cardoso Helena Mondardo
Published: July 2012

With the objective of evaluating Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus resistance to cipermetrina and amitraz, were collected engorged tick females from cattle on 20 farms on the Santa Catarina Plateau, in southern Brazil, between January of 2004 and May of 2006. Were also received 20 groups of engorged R. (B.) microplus females, collected by cattle farmers requesting acaricidal efficacy (AE) testing. Were performed in vitro tests, which consisted of immersing engorged females in cypermethrin (0.015%) and in amitraz (0.025%). An AE >95% was considered indicative of effectiveness. Of the 20 collected groups, 18 (90%) showed cypermethrin resistance and 1 (5%) showed amitraz resistance. Of the 20 received groups, 19 (95%) showed cypermethrin resistance and 2 (10%) showed amitraz resistance. The AE of cypermethrin was found to be >95%, 85-94%, and 55-64%, respectively, in 4 (57.1%), 2 (28.6%), and 1 (14.3%) of 7 reference groups, collected in the 1997-2001 period. The AE of amitraz was >95% in all of those groups. Among the groups of specimens received for analysis in that period, the AE of amitraz was >95% in 6 (85.71%) and 75-84% in 1 (14.28%). R. (B.) microplus resistance to acaricides is increasing on the Santa Catarina Plateau.
Detection and molecular characterization of piroplasms species from naturally infected dogs in southeast Brazil
Authors: Lemos Tatiana Didonet , Cerqueira Aloysio de Mello Figueiredo , Toma Helena Keiko , Silva Adrianna Vieira da , Corrêa Rafael Gomes Bartolomeu , Paludo Giane Regina , Massard Carlos Luiz , Almosny Nádia Regina Pereira
Published: July 2012

Rangelia vitalii is a protozoon described from dogs in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. It is phylogenetically related to Babesia spp. that infects dogs, but data on this enigmatic parasite is still limited. The aim of this work was to detect piroplasm species in dogs in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by 18S rRNA gene-based PCR assay, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analyses. Of 103 dogs examined, seven (6.8%) were positive for Babesia spp. by PCR. The amplified products were digested by restriction enzymes to differentiate the Babesia species, and one sample was identified as Babesia vogeli. The pattern observed for the other six amplification products did not match with pattern described for large Babesia infecting dogs. Sequencing analysis confirmed these six samples as R. vitalii, with high homologies (99-100%) with a sequence from south Brazil. This study confirms the presence of Babesia vogeli and Rangelia vitalii circulate in domestic dogs in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Gastrointestinal parasites in goats from Monte Castelo, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Cristina Perito , Cardozo Leonardo Leite , Silva Bruna Fernanda da , Amarante Alessandro Francisco Talamini do
Published: July 2012

This study was carried out with the aim of estimating the degree of gastrointestinal helminth infection in goats on the Northern Plateau of Santa Catarina. Twelve young females and 11 adult females were used. Every 28 days, feces samples were taken to quantify the nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Larval culturing was performed on a pool of positive samples from the same group. The fecal egg counts (FECs) ranged from zero to 10,400 EPG in the young group and zero to 7,600 EPG in the adult group. The mean FECs were between 583.3 and 4441.7 in the young group and between 418.2 and 2181.8 in the adult group. Eggs of the order Strongylida and genera Moniezia and Toxocara, and oocysts of Coccidia, were observed. The young animals were more affected and Haemonchus was the most prevalent genus in the samples.
Hematological alterations during experimental canine infection by Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Guedes Paulo Marcos Matta , Veloso Vanja Maria , Mineo Tiago Wilson Patriarca , Santiago-Silva Juliana , Crepalde Geovan , Caldas Ivo Santana , Nascimento Manuela Sales Lima , Lana Marta , Chiari Egler , Galvão Lúcia Maria da Cunha , Bahia Maria Terezinha
Published: July 2012

To confirm that Beagle dogs are a good experimental model for Chagas disease, we evaluated hematological alterations during the acute and chronic phases in Beagle dogs infected with the Y, Berenice-78 (Be-78) and ABC strains of Trypanosomacruzi, correlating clinical signs with the parasitemia curve. We demonstrate that the acute phase of infection was marked by lethargy and loss of appetite. Simultaneously, we observed anemia, leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Also,we describe hematological alterations and clinical signs that were positively correlated with the parasitemia during the experimental infection with the three strains of T.cruzi, and demonstrate that experimental infection of Beagle is a trustworthy model for Chagas disease.
Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodiesin dogs in rural areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Figueiredo Vânia Chaves , Andrade Gislaine da Silva , Costa-Júnior Lívio Martins , Rocha Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da , Guimarães Antônio Marcos
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and risk factors associated with seropositivity in 240 dogs from rural areas of the Lavras, Belo Horizonte and Nanuque regions, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) with a cutoff of 50 was used to assess the frequency of seropositive dogs. The risk factor analysis was performed using the Chi-square test (χ2) and multiple logistic regression. The frequency of seropositivity for N. caninum was 15% of the dogs (36/240). Presence of dogs without defined breed (p = 0.018; OR = 5.9) and presence of cattle on the farm (p = 0.053, OR = 4.3) were associated with N. caninum seropositivity. Dogs in the Nanuque region had higher seropositivity for N. caninum (29.9%) than did those in the Lavras (6.2%) and Belo Horizonte (2.2%) regions (p < 0.05). The presence of seropositive dogs in rural areas of Minas Gerais demonstrates the potential risk of horizontal transmission of N. caninum to cattle, especially from dogs without defined breed, which were four times more likely to be seropositive than purebred dogs were.
Nematodes in Hoplerytrinus unitaeniatus, Hoplias malabaricus and Pygocentrus nattereri (pisces characiformes) in Marajó Island, Brazil
Authors: Benigno Raimundo Nonato Moraes , Clemente Sérgio Carmona de São , Matos Edilson Rodrigues , Pinto Roberto Magalhães , Gomes Delir Corrêa , Knoff Marcelo
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tegument, musculature and mesentery of 102 specimens of Hoplerytrinus unitaeniatus, 104 of Hoplias malabaricus and 101 of Pygocentrus nattereri, from Arari Lake, Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil. Were identified the nematodes Contracaecum sp., Eustrongylides sp. and Procamallanus sp. Contracaecum sp. was the most prevalent, with rates of 84.31% (H. unitaeniatus), 95.19% (H. malabaricus), and 89.11% (P. nattereri). The highest prevalences of Eustrongylides sp. occurred in H. unitaeniatus (56.86%) and H. malabaricus (53.84%). Procamallanus sp. was only collected in the mesentery. Specimens of Eustrongylides sp. collected from the musculature were 91.9% of its population. Among the nematodes found in the mesentery, 98.34% were Contracaecum sp. with a mean intensity (MI) of 7.92 ± 8.11 (H. unitaeniatus), 8.49 ± 8.34 (H. malabaricus) and 7 ± 6.40 (P. nattereri). Contracaecum sp. presented the highest MI (8.49 ± 8.34) and mean abundance (8.09 ± 8.34). The highest MI values were observed in the mesentery. Eustrongylides sp. presented MI of 2.65 ± 3.21 (H. unitaeniatus), 3.41 ± 3.27 (H. malabaricus) and 2.17 ± 1.18 (P. nattereri). Nematodes with zoonotic potential that were found with high prevalence, shows the importance of actions by the health authorities.
Oxybutynin and tolterodine for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the Brazilian context
Authors: Suguino Rodrigo Silva , Martins Gisele , Campos Brunna Carvalho Viana , Bessa Raylayne Ferreira , Polli Démerson André , Funez Mani Indiana , Volpe Cris Renata Grou
Published: July 2012

Antimuscarinic agents are the first-line choice for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). The currently available antimuscarinic drugs have been widely studied in patients presenting idiopathic detrusor overactivity; however, investigations evaluating the effects of these drugs on NDO are scant, particularly with regard to cost-effectiveness analyses. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation was performed to compare the costs and effectiveness of oxybutynin and tolterodine in two different formulations, extended (ER) and immediate-release (IR), for the treatment of NDO (based on Brazilian maximal consumer price index). A systematic review of literature was conducted in order to obtain significant clinical and urodynamic data (based on expert opinion), concerning the effects of these drugs in the neurogenic population. Furthermore, a pharmacoeconomic evaluation was performed and costs involved were calculated based on percentage effectiveness obtained for the timeframes of one month and of one year. The best cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) was observed with oxybutynin IR for the urodynamic parameters. In terms of clinical parameters, oxybutynin IR and ER showed the best CER. Based on the key urological parameters analyzed, oxybutynin IR was considered the most cost-effective antimuscarinic agent.
Physicochemical characterization and in vitro dissolution behavior of olanzapine-mannitol solid dispersions
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Venkateskumar , Suchandrasen  , Prasad Verma Priya Ranjan
Published: July 2012

The objective of the present work is to study the dissolution behavior of olanzapine from its solid dispersions with mannitol. Solid dispersions were prepared by melt dispersion method and characterized by phase solubility studies, drug content and in vitro dissolution studies. The best releasing dispersions were selected from release data, dissolution parameters and their release profiles. Solid state characterization techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the drug in selected dispersions. The dispersions were also evaluated by wettability studies and permeation studies. The results of phase solubility studies and the thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneity and solubilization effect of the carrier. The release study results showed greater improvement of drug release from solid dispersions compared to pure drug, and the release was found to increase with an increase in carrier content. The possible mechanism for increased release rate from dispersions may be attributed to solubilization effect of the carrier, change in crystal quality, phase transition from crystalline to amorphous state, prevention of agglomeration or aggregation of drug particles, change in surface hydrophobicity of the drug, and increased wettability and dispersability of the drug in dissolution medium. The suggested reasons for increased release rate from dispersions were found to be well supported by results of solid state characterization, wettability and permeation studies. The absence of any interaction between the drug and the carrier was also proved by FT-IR analysis.
Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV markers among young adult males in the Air Force in Florianópolis, South Brazil
Authors: Passos Ana Maria , Strazer Neto Miguel , Treitinger Aricio , Spada Celso
Published: July 2012

We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological markers of infection in young adults from the metropolitan region of Florianópolis who were conscripts of the Air Base of Florianópolis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted with 371 young males during a one year period starting in June 2009. Demographic characteristics, socio-economic characteristics and possible risk factors to HBV and HCV were assessed. Blood samples were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and anti-HBs through automated microparticle enzymatic immunoassays (Abbott®, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Germany). None of the participants showed positivity to HBsAg or anti-HCV. The prevalence of anti-HBc was 1.6% (95% CI 0.6 - 3.5), and the prevalence of anti-HBs was 40.7% (95% CI 35.7 - 45.9). Unsafe sex was associated with positive anti-HBc in a bivariate analysis. There was a very low prevalence of past HBV infection and no cases of past HCV infection in a young adult population in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis. The very low prevalence of markers of infection and risk factors indicates a very optimistic future with respect to HBV and HCV infection in this population.
Toxicological and pharmacological evaluation of Discaria americana Gillies & Hook (Rhamnaceae) in mice
Authors: Silva Eliane Regina da , Diedrich Denise , Bolzan Rodrigo Cordeiro , Giacomelli Sandro Rogério
Published: July 2012

Medicinal plants (e.g. Discaria americana) have been used by populations for centuries. However, popular use is not enough to validate these plants as safe and effective medicinal products. The present study sought to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity as well as the anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of D. americana root bark and aerial parts extracts in mice. In acute toxicity studies, mice were treated with single intraperitoneal doses of the aforementioned extracts. Subacute toxicity studies were performed by oral administration of the extracts over 14 days. Anxiolytic studies consisted of the elevated plus maze method, and antinociceptive studies were based on the hot plate test. The LD50 value for D. americana aerial parts extract was established at >500 mg/kg, and for the root bark extract, 400 mg/kg. D. americana aerial parts extract produced anxiolytic (250 mg/kg) and antinociceptive effects (125, 200 and 250 mg/kg). Conversely, D. americana root bark extract showed neither anxiolytic nor antinociceptive effects in mice.
Ethnopharmacological survey: a selection strategy to identify medicinal plants for a local phytotherapy program
Authors: Pereira Flávia Liparini , Fernandes José Martins , Leite João Paulo Viana
Published: July 2012

Ethnopharmacological studies are important for documenting and protecting cultural and traditional knowledge associated with the medical use of biodiversity. In this paper, we present a survey on medicinal plants used by locals in a community of Nova Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, as a strategy to select medicinal plants for a phytotherapy-based local healthcare program. Eleven knowledgeable local informants were chosen by snowball sampling and interviewed about the use of medicinal plants. Plant samples were collected, herborised and then identified using traditional techniques and specialised literature. We sampled 107 medicinal plant species belonging to 86 genera and 39 families, predominantly Asteraceae with 16 species. Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw, M. pulegium L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Ruta graveolens L. were found to have Consensus of Main Use corrected (CMUc) values above 50%, which were in agreement with the traditional uses described by the informants. However, species with CMUc values equal to or above 20%, combined with the scientific information survey, were also used to select medicinal plants for the phytotherapy-based local healthcare program. The selection of medicinal plants based on the CMUc index from this particular community, in combination with the scientific survey, appears to be an effective strategy for the implementation of phytotherapy programs.
Simultaneous determination of clobutinol hydrochloride and doxylamine succinate from syrups by RP HPLC using a new stationary phase containing embedded urea polar groups
Authors: Rosa Paulo Cesar Pires , Jardim Isabel Cristina Sales Fontes
Published: July 2012

A new, simple, fast, reproducible and sensitive reversed phase HPLC method, using a new stationary phase containing embedded urea polar groups, has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of clobutinol hydrochloride (CLO) and doxylamine succinate (DOX) in syrups. The determination was carried out on a C8 urea column (125 mm x 3.9 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) synthetized at the Liquid Chomatography Laboratory (LabCrom) of the Chemistry Institute of Unicamp. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile:methanol:phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) in the gradient mode. The diode array detector (DAD) was operated at 230 nm for CLO and 262 nm for DOX. The method showed adequate precision, with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 1%. The presence of the excipients did not interfere in the results of the analysis. Accuracy was determined by adding standards of the drugs to a placebo and good recovery values were obtained. The analytical curves were linear (r² 0.9999 for CLO and 0.9998 for DOX) over a wide concentration range (2.4-336 µg mL-1 for CLO and 2.3-63 µg mL-1 for DOX). The solutions were stable for at least 72 hours at room temperature. The criteria for validation using the ICH guidelines were fulfilled.
Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of captopril in pharmaceutical formulations using a new solid-phase reactor containing AgSCN immobilized in a polyurethane resin
Authors: Vicentini Fernando Campanhã , Suarez Willian Toito , Cavalheiro Éder Tadeu Gomes , Fatibello-Filho Orlando
Published: July 2012

A simple flow-injection analysis procedure was developed for determining captopril in pharmaceutical formulations employing a novel solid-phase reactor containing silver thiocyanate immobilized in a castor oil derivative polyurethane resin. The method was based on silver mercaptide formation between the captopril and Ag(I) in the solid-phase reactor. During such a reaction, the SCN- anion was released and reacted with Fe3+, which generated the FeSCN2+ complex that was continuously monitored at 480 nm. The analytical curve was linear in the captopril concentration range from 3.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 to 1.1 × 10-3 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10-5 mol L-1. Recoveries between 97.5% and 103% and a relative standard deviation of 2% for a solution containing 6.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 captopril (n = 12) were obtained. The sample throughput was 40 h-1 and the results obtained for captopril in pharmaceutical formulations using this procedure and those obtained using a pharmacopoeia procedure were in agreement at a 95% confidence level.
Improvisation and learning processes in organizations: a metaphor applying the Brazilian rhythm choro
Authors: Flach Leonardo , Antonello Claudia Simone
Published: July 2012

Whereas improvisation has been discussed in international literature mainly from the metaphor of jazz and theater, this essay discusses how the phenomenon of improvisation can contribute to new interpretations of Organizational Learning. We use the metaphor of improvisation in the Brazilian rhythm ‘Choro’ in order to understand the process of improvisation in organizations. Thus, the main objective of the study is to discuss and analyze the role of improvisation in the Organizational Learning process. In the final considerations, we conclude that improvisation plays a significant role in the processes of Organizational Learning. Thus, we argue that the socio-cultural approach in Organizational Learning can help to understand the process of improvisation, with the role of communities of practice, culture, social practices and sensemaking in this phenomenon.
State-civil society partnership: issues for debate and new researches
Authors: Vasconcellos Mário , Vasconcellos Ana Maria de A.
Published: July 2012

In this paper we look at the literature related to partnership between state and civil society, especially partnership between public and non-for-profit organisations. We discuss the differing perspectives of partnership and attempt to identify some of the main theoretical concerns about partnership between state and civil society in the governance context. In this paper, we argue that the historical background of partnership has not been included among factors used in explaining the resort to partnership in governance. In spite of existing analyses showing that partnership brings social benefits in their own right, we try to show that there is no evidence that this ‘social technology’ contributes effectively to bringing power to powerless people and social groups. Most of the literature shows that partnership tries to make relationship between local people and local governance stronger and improve the possibilities for powerless people and social groups to participate in local governance. However, we do not find clear evidence in the literature that partnership allows for a shift in political power. Finally, we show that it is unclear whether the interaction between ordinary people and the state through a participatory process has successfully helped to build social cohesiveness for different social groups. The main contribution of this paper is to expand the understanding of the factors that influence the process of partnership between state and civil society (positively and negatively) for local development.
O ato de presentear em relacionamentos comerciais
Authors: Teixeira Aline de Assis , Freitas Ana Augusta Ferreira de
Published: July 2012

Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o ato de presentear que ocorre em relacionamentos comerciais entre provedores de serviços e consumidores. Dois métodos qualitativos foram utilizados na pesquisa: (i) entrevistas ficcionais e (ii) técnica do incidente crítico. A partir deste estudo, observou-se que a motivação para o ato de presentear em relacionamentos comercias decorreu, principalmente, da satisfação dos consumidores em relação aos serviços prestados pelos profissionais. Os tipos de presentes citados variaram bastante, sendo os itens de uso pessoal os mais citados em relacionamentos comerciais, o que permite maior intimidade entre a díade. Os clientes narraram como data escolhida para o ato de presentear, dias comuns que sucederam o recebimento de favores ou de atendimentos satisfatórios. Os provedores de serviços, por outro lado, narraram o recebimento de presentes em datas comemorativas. Em relação ao realinhamento do relacionamento após o ato de presentear, também foram identificadas divergências nas respostas da díade. Enquanto a maior parte dos clientes fez referência ao efeito de fortalecimento do relacionamento, os profissionais mostraram-se relutantes em admitir mudanças comportamentais após o recebimento de presentes.
Cervical spine dysfunction signs and symptoms in individuals with temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Weber Priscila , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues , Ferreira Fabiana dos Santos , Soares Juliana Corrêa , Bolzan Geovana de Paula , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE: To study the frequency of cervical spine dysfunction (CCD) signs and symptoms in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to assess the craniocervical posture influence on TMD and CCD coexistence. METHODS: Participants were 71 women (19 to 35 years), assessed about TMD presence; 34 constituted the TMD group (G1) and 37 comprised the group without TMD (G2). The CCD was evaluated through the Craniocervical Dysfunction Index and the Cervical Mobility Index. Subjects were also questioned about cervical pain. Craniocervical posture was assessed by cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: There was no difference in the craniocervical posture between groups. G2 presented more mild CCD frequency and less moderate and severe CCD frequency (p=0.01). G1 presented higher percentage of pain during movements (p=0.03) and pain during cervical muscles palpation (p=0.01) compared to G2. Most of the TMD patients (88.24%) related cervical pain with significant difference when compared to G2 (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: Craniocervical posture assessment showed no difference between groups, suggesting that postural alterations could be more related to the CCD. Presence of TMD resulted in higher frequency of cervical pain symptom. Thus the coexistence of CCD and TMD signs and symptoms appear to be more related to the common innervations of the trigeminocervical complex and hyperalgesia of the TMD patients than to craniocervical posture deviations.
TOP2A Amplification in Breast Cancer in the Absence of That of HER-2: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Lamy Pierre-Jean , Jacot William
Published: July 2012

Confusion between topoisomerase IIα gene amplification and topoisomerase mRNA overexpression is proposed as possibly leading to misinerpretation in a study by Glynn et al. published in an earlier issue of The Oncologist.