bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple ladder‐like single‐layer balanced wideband phase shifter with wide phase shift range and appropriate common‐mode suppression
Authors: Karim Alizadeh Mohammad , Shamsi Hossein , Bagher Tavakoli Mohammad , Aliakbarian Hadi
Published: May 2020

In this study, a single‐layer balanced wideband phase shifter with a wide phase shift range of 45°–315° and acceptable common‐mode (CM) suppression is proposed. The main branch has a simple ladder‐like structure and the reference branch utilises a coupling structure. The main branch electrical length is constant for any desired differential‐mode (DM) phase shift. Assuming a specific return loss (e.g. 16, 20, and 25 dB), the phase shifter is carefully analysed and a design procedure is given leading to an ultra‐low phase error design. Then by making a trade‐off between the CM and DM bandwidths at the cost of higher phase error, more design solutions for the phase shifter are given. To validate both the proposed structure as well as its design procedure, a balanced wideband phase shifter with the DM phase shift of 180°±4.2° (1.851–4.017 GHz) and the CM suppression of better than 15 dB (1.81–4 GHz) is fabricated, resulting in 73.82 and 75.25% fractional bandwidth, respectively. The fabricated balanced phase shifter has a return loss of and insertion loss of . The synthesised, simulated, and measured results are in good agreement with each other.
Risk of COVID-19 Transmission During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 is a viral illness caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is highly contagious virus with human-to-human transmission being primarily attributed to direct contact or air droplets. It is highly infectious and contagious due to high-viable viral loads in the upper respiratory tract secretions of infected patients and also similar viral load being detected in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The virus stability characteristics and modes of transmission via fomites and air droplets make gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy a high-risk procedure for COVID-19 transmission. This review discusses the currently available literature on risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during GI endoscopy.
Techniques of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy—Do We Need to Change Anything?
Authors: Zacharias Prakash , Ahamed Hasim
Published: May 2020

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to different parts of the world and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Health care workers are at increased risk of contracting the disease due to their nature of work and close contact with the patients. Staff in endoscopy need to be aware of this risk due to the aerosol-generating nature of procedures and the presence of virus particles in stool samples of infected persons. The risk of asymptomatic patients spreading the disease is also a cause for concern. This article intends to provide guidance and recommendations for techniques and practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to prevent infection in endoscopy unit.
Way Forward: Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy Work Flow Postlockdown Era
Authors: Sud Randhir , Sud Sukrit
Published: May 2020

Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy being an aerosol generating procedure increases the risk to staff and uninfected patients from a coronavirus disease 2019 patient. Social and physical distancing through “lockdown” has suppressed the spread of disease but will not eradicate it. Various endoscopy societies formulated guidelines to triage the patients and limit the work to only emergency and urgent cases and postpone “routine” endoscopies. Postlockdown infected vector pool will persist till an effective vaccine is widely available. Nonurgent cases cannot be postponed indefinitely. We need to identify infected symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and create a safe environment for uninfected patients. Endoscopy staff protection through education, optimized manpower flow, and personal protective equipment usage and hand hygiene needs urgent attention. Proper environment sanitization, endoscope, and device reprocessing will remain important.
QTL mapping reveals genomic regions for yield based on an incremental tolerance index to drought stress and related agronomic traits in canola
Authors: Raman Harsh , Raman Rosy , Mathews Ky , Diffey Simon , Salisbury Phil
Published: May 2020

Drought stress, especially at the reproductive stage, is a major limiting factor that compromises the productivity and profitability of canola in many regions of the world. Improved genetics for drought tolerance would enable the identification and development of resilient cultivars, resulting in increased canola production. The main objective of the present study was to dissect the genetic basis of seed yield of canola under water-limited conditions. A doubled haploid population derived from a cross between two Australian parental lines, RP04 and Ag-Outback, was evaluated to identify the genetic variation in fractional normalised deviation vegetative index (NDVI), aboveground shoot biomass accumulation, flowering time and plasticity in seed yield under irrigated and rainfed field conditions in two consecutive years. An irrigation treatment was applied at the 50% flowering stage and an incremental drought tolerance index (DTI) was estimated for seed yield. By utilising a genetic linkage map based on 18851 genome-wide DArTseq markers, we identified 25 genomic regions significantly associated with different traits (logarithm of odds (LOD) ≥ 3), accounting for 5.5–22.3% of the genotypic variance. Three significant genomic regions on chromosomes A06, A10 and C04 were associated with DTI for seed yield. Some of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) were localised in the close proximity of candidate genes involved in traits contributing to drought escape and drought avoidance mechanisms, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Trait-marker associations identified herein can be validated across diverse environments, and the sequence-based markers may be used in a marker assisted selection breeding strategy to enhance drought tolerance in canola breeding germplasm.
Multivalent assembly of KRAS with the RAS-binding and cysteine-rich domains of CRAF on the membrane
Authors: Fang Zhenhao , Lee Ki-Young , Huo Ku-Geng , Gasmi-Seabrook Geneviève , Zheng Le , Moghal Nadeem , Tsao Ming-Sound , Ikura Mitsuhiko , Marshall Christopher B.
Published: May 2020

Membrane anchoring of farnesylated KRAS is critical for activation of RAF kinases, yet our understanding of how these proteins interact on the membrane is limited to isolated domains. The RAS-binding domain (RBD) and cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of RAF engage KRAS and the plasma membrane, unleashing the kinase domain from autoinhibition. Due to experimental challenges, structural insight into this tripartite KRAS:RBD–CRD:membrane complex has relied on molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we report NMR studies of the KRAS:CRAF RBD–CRD complex. We found that the nucleotide-dependent KRAS–RBD interaction results in transient electrostatic interactions between KRAS and CRD, and we mapped the membrane interfaces of the CRD, RBD–CRD, and the KRAS:RBD–CRD complex. RBD–CRD exhibits dynamic interactions with the membrane through the canonical CRD lipid-binding site (CRD β7–8), as well as an alternative interface comprising β6 and the C terminus of CRD and β2 of RBD. Upon complex formation with KRAS, two distinct states were observed by NMR: State A was stabilized by membrane association of CRD β7–8 and KRAS α4–α5 while state B involved the C terminus of CRD, β3–5 of RBD, and part of KRAS α5. Notably, α4–α5, which has been proposed to mediate KRAS dimerization, is accessible only in state B. A cancer-associated mutation on the state B membrane interface of CRAF RBD (E125K) stabilized state B and enhanced kinase activity and cellular MAPK signaling. These studies revealed a dynamic picture of the assembly of the KRAS–CRAF complex via multivalent and dynamic interactions between KRAS, CRAF RBD–CRD, and the membrane.
Contact-ID, a tool for profiling organelle contact sites, reveals regulatory proteins of mitochondrial-associated membrane formation
Authors: Kwak Chulhwan , Shin Sanghee , Park Jong-Seok , Jung Minkyo , Nhung Truong Thi My , Kang Myeong-Gyun , Lee Chaiheon , Kwon Tae-Hyuk , Park Sang Ki , Mun Ji Young , Kim Jong-Seo , Rhee Hyun-Woo
Published: May 2020

The mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) has emerged as a cellular signaling hub regulating various cellular processes. However, its molecular components remain unclear owing to lack of reliable methods to purify the intact MAM proteome in a physiological context. Here, we introduce Contact-ID, a split-pair system of BioID with strong activity, for identification of the MAM proteome in live cells. Contact-ID specifically labeled proteins proximal to the contact sites of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and thereby identified 115 MAM-specific proteins. The identified MAM proteins were largely annotated with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and ER membrane proteins with MAM-related functions: e.g., FKBP8, an OMM protein, facilitated MAM formation and local calcium transport at the MAM. Furthermore, the definitive identification of biotinylation sites revealed membrane topologies of 85 integral membrane proteins. Contact-ID revealed regulatory proteins for MAM formation and could be reliably utilized to profile the proteome at any organelle–membrane contact sites in live cells.
Nutrient dose-responsive transcriptome changes driven by Michaelis–Menten kinetics underlie plant growth rates
Authors: Swift Joseph , Alvarez Jose M. , Araus Viviana , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Coruzzi Gloria M.
Published: May 2020

An increase in nutrient dose leads to proportional increases in crop biomass and agricultural yield. However, the molecular underpinnings of this nutrient dose–response are largely unknown. To investigate, we assayed changes in the
Arabidopsis
root transcriptome to different doses of nitrogen (N)—a key plant nutrient—as a function of time. By these means, we found that rate changes of genome-wide transcript levels in response to N-dose could be explained by a simple kinetic principle: the Michaelis–Menten (MM) model. Fitting the MM model allowed us to estimate the maximum rate of transcript change (
V
max
), as well as the N-dose at which one-half of
V
max
was achieved (
K
m
) for 1,153 N-dose–responsive genes. Since transcription factors (TFs) can act in part as the catalytic agents that determine the rates of transcript change, we investigated their role in regulating N-dose–responsive MM-modeled genes. We found that altering the abundance of TGA1, an early N-responsive TF, perturbed the maximum rates of N-dose transcriptomic responses (
V
max
),
K
m
, as well as the rate of N-dose–responsive plant growth. We experimentally validated that MM-modeled N-dose–responsive genes included both direct and indirect TGA1 targets, using a root cell TF assay to detect TF binding and/or TF regulation genome-wide. Taken together, our results support a molecular mechanism of transcriptional control that allows an increase in N-dose to lead to a proportional change in the rate of genome-wide expression and plant growth.
Tibetan
PHD2
, an allele with loss-of-function properties
Authors: Song Daisheng , Navalsky Bradleigh E. , Guan Wei , Ingersoll Cassandra , Wang Tao , Loro Emanuele , Eeles Lydia , Matchett Kyle B. , Percy Melanie J. , Walsby-Tickle John , McCullagh James S. O. , Medina Reinhold J. , Khurana Tejvir S. , Bigham Abigail W. , Lappin Terence R. , Lee Frank S.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Tibetans have lived for thousands of years at an altitude where oxygen concentrations are low (hypoxia). They are known to have physiologic adaptations, including increased breathing responses to low oxygen and decreased blood pressure in the lungs. Tibetans also are known to have mutations in two genes,
PHD2
and
HIF2A
, that are central components of a molecular hypoxia response pathway. We provide evidence here that Tibetan PHD2 promotes increased breathing responses to hypoxia. The Tibetan
HIF2A
gene is likely to account for the decreased blood pressure in the lungs. Thus, the hypoxia response pathway has been altered in Tibetans to facilitate adaptation to the hypoxia of high altitude.
Kinetic analysis of amino acid radicals formed in H
2
O
2
-driven Cu
I
LPMO reoxidation implicates dominant homolytic reactivity
Authors: Jones Stephen M. , Transue Wesley J. , Meier Katlyn K. , Kelemen Bradley , Solomon Edward I.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Degradation of polysaccharides such as cellulose is biologically important for fungi and bacteria and industrially relevant for production of second-generation biofuels. Enzymes called lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze the degradation of crystalline polysaccharide substrates. These enzymes have mononuclear copper active sites that use reductant and an oxygen source to oxidatively cleave polysaccharide bonds. An important controversy remains regarding the role of

H

2

O

2

as the reactant in oxygenation. Here, we present data consistent with the involvement of

H

2

O

2

in the catalytic cycle. Our spectroscopic data define the identities of intermediates formed during

H

2

O

2

reaction with an LPMO and we develop a kinetic model that provides mechanistic insight into peroxidase reactivity that involves homolytic activity of the

H

2

O

2

.
Topoisomerase IIα is essential for maintenance of mitotic chromosome structure
Authors: Nielsen Christian F. , Zhang Tao , Barisic Marin , Kalitsis Paul , Hudson Damien F.
Published: May 2020

Topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) is a core component of mitotic chromosomes and important for establishing mitotic chromosome condensation. The primary roles of TOP2A in mitosis have been difficult to decipher due to its multiple functions across the cell cycle. To more precisely understand the role of TOP2A in mitosis, we used the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system to rapidly degrade the protein at different stages of the human cell cycle. Removal of TOP2A prior to mitosis does not affect prophase timing or the initiation of chromosome condensation. Instead, it prevents chromatin condensation in prometaphase, extends the length of prometaphase, and ultimately causes cells to exit mitosis without chromosome segregation occurring. Surprisingly, we find that removal of TOP2A from cells arrested in prometaphase or metaphase cause dramatic loss of compacted mitotic chromosome structure and conclude that TOP2A is crucial for maintenance of mitotic chromosomes. Treatments with drugs used to poison/inhibit TOP2A function, such as etoposide and ICRF-193, do not phenocopy the effects on chromosome structure of TOP2A degradation by AID. Our data point to a role for TOP2A as a structural chromosome maintenance enzyme locking in condensation states once sufficient compaction is achieved.
Translaboration as legitimation of philosophical translation
Authors: Heller Lavinia , Hawkins Spencer
Published: May 2020

Even highly regarded translators cannot escape the common suspicion that philosophical ideas are not communicable
in foreign languages – a suspicion that plagues philosophical translation. Translators effectively counter this distrust of
translation when they explicitly claim to have collaborated with the author. This paper focuses on the Italian translation of
Sein und Zeit (Being and Time) (first published in 1927; Heidegger 1986a), titled Essere e tempo (Heidegger 2006,
trans. Marini), whose translator, Alfredo Marini, took particularly interesting measures to legitimate his work. This case is
especially intriguing because Pietro Chiodi’s earlier translation (Heidegger 1953, 1976, 2005) is still popular in Italy despite Chiodi’s own complaints that the German text is untranslatable. The widespread acceptance
of the earlier Italian translation presents a considerable problem of legitimation for Marini, who counters Chiodi’s views by
arguing for the translatability of the text and supports his argument through a rhetorically constructed scene of collaborative
translation. I begin this paper by retracing Marini’s strategy for presenting Essere e tempo (Heidegger 2006, trans. Marini) as a ‘translaboration’ (a collaborative translation),
before addressing concerns that collaborative translation could hinder the translator’s creativity. I show that Marini’s
translation achieves its most creative, and at times eccentric, effects through his close collaboration with the (deceased)
philosopher, Martin Heidegger.
Animal Biotechnology Roles in Livestock Production
Authors: Funahashi Hiroaki
Published: May 2020

Currently, meat and milk productions are significantly increasing especially in Asia. The supply of these products is vital to people’s health and well-being, whereas the efficiency of beef production appears to be still lower than other meat productions. Improvements in the quality and functionality of their livestock products, as well as their production efficiency, are required for further production. Animal biotechnologies have contributed to genetic improvement, genetic diversity maintenance of domestic animals, etc. Basic animal biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer, have been well established and applied as powerful tools for genetic improvement of livestock. In the applications of artificial insemination techniques, the use of sexed semen has been now widely spread, and also efforts are also made in the development of the technology using a small amount of sperm. For embryo transfer, several types of vitrification technologies have been applied to improve pregnancy rates and contributed to the international/domestic supply of livestock embryos. Conventional animal biotechnologies, such as in vitro fertilization and intracellular sperm injection, have been applied to not only livestock production and also human-assisted reproductive medicine. For in-vitro production of embryos in domestic animals, currently, oocytes have been collected from medium or large follicles (3-6 mm or larger in diameter) of ovaries. Although the oocytes derived from small follicles (less than 3 mm in diameter) exist more on the surface of ovaries, the developmental competence of the oocytes has been known to be significantly lower than those from medium follicles. If we could improve the competence of oocytes derived from small follicles significantly, we may be able to increase the number of female gamete resources for in vitro embryo production. Also, the development of techniques for producing transgenic and cloned animals has greatly contributed to the creation of pharmaceuticals and organs for xenotransplantation. Recently, furthermore, genome editing technologies, such as combined use of CRISPR/Cas9 and PiggyBac, have been developed and have made it possible to correct specific parts of the genome and introduce mutations by homologous recombination. In this review, I would like to discuss the application and progress of the above biotechnologies, including our recent research results.
Integrated livestock business and industry in Indonesia
Authors: Said Syahruddin
Published: May 2020

Currently, Indonesia’s population reaches 261 million people is the fourth largest country in terms of population. The current average meat consumption of 2.72 kg/capita/year is projected to continue to increase due to the growing population, income, and animal protein consumption. The increasing demand for meat has not been matched by domestic beef production, the supply of which is less than 60% of the national demand for beef, and the gap between beef supply and demand is increasing. To fulfill the demand for meat, the Indonesian Government has been importing meat and live feeder and slaughter cattle and some breeding stock. To encourage an increase in population and genetic quality of livestock in Indonesia, LIPI collaborates with PT. KAR create a model of beef cattle breeding industry in Indonesia and has been implemented in the private beef cattle industry. The collaboration focus on increasing population and genetic improvement of Indonesian cattle especially in Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. The regulations for feedlot companies to import feeder cattle and female breeding stock at a ratio of 5:1 within every period of feedlot creates difficulties for feedlot companies due to a shortage of resources including capital and land. Control of female breeding cattle which are slaughtered, breeding and reproductive technologies, feeding strategies, integrated cattle farming system and developing inclusive business models are among the issues that could be considered to improve domestic beef production and develop cattle business in Indonesia.
Antibacterial Activity of Maja Fruit Extract Against Escherichia coli and Its Potential as Urease Inhibitor for Reducing Ammonia Emission in Poultry Excreta
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Lewa N , Prasetyo R A , Kurniawati A , Erwanto Y , Bachruddin Z , Muhlisin  , Wihandoyo
Published: May 2020

Essential oil is one of the natural compounds from plant extract that has the potential as a natural antibacterial for inhibiting the hydrolysis of urea compound into ammonia gas in livestock wastes. This research aims to measure antibacterial effects of Maja Fruits Extract (MFE) on Escherichia coli and its potential as a urease inhibitor in excreta medium. MFE was extracted using Maceration method. The results indicated that antibacterial activity of MFE was low or resistant, with the biggest diameter of inhibition zone occurred on agar medium was 14.26 ± 0.75 mm. The antibacterial ability of MFE with an addition of 3% (v/v) in liquid medium gave the lowest graph of bacterial growth. MFE has the potential as an antibacterial and urease inhibitor compound, which could be applied to inhibit the hydrolysis of urea by microorganisms so that it can reduce the emission of ammonia gas from livestock wastes, especially chicken excreta.
The Influence of Public Awareness on Prevention of Rabies Cases in Several Asian Countries: A Review
Authors: Prasanjaya Putu Nara Kusuma , Tosepu Ramadhan , Rizqiyah Nichlah
Published: May 2020

Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by a viral infection. The rabies virus is often referred to as re-emerging zoonosis, which belongs to the genus lyssavirus. Rabies in humans is spread through the bite of an infected animal. Animals that are at risk of spreading the rabies virus are called HPR. Animals that are at risk of exposure to the rabies virus are all warm-blooded. For Indonesia, the source of rabies transmission comes from 3 animals, namely: dogs, cats, and monkeys. The risk of transmission through bites is speedy and occurs almost every day, primarily through dog bites. Deaths from rabies in children are generally under the age of 15 years. The South Asia region recorded the maximum incidence of rabies outbreaks, with India and Bangladesh at the highest position compared to other countries in the region and beyond. Indonesia is a country that has high rabies cases. Bali is an area that has increased rabies incidence every year. The increase in cases of dog bites is very closely related to people’s awareness patterns. The predetermined pattern of awareness includes: handling after HPR bites, HPR maintenance systems, actions taken when dealing with HPR, and treatment of products (meat or organs) from HPR. Efforts are being made to prevent rabies outbreaks, namely vaccination, depopulation, rabies prevention education for school children, and surveillance of rabies-carrying animal traffic (HPR).
Health Status Of 3 Years Old Female Javan Langur According To Aspinall Medical Check-Up Procedure In Javan Langur Center (JLC)
Authors: Titisari Nurina , Fauzi Ahmad , Masnur Ida , Kurniawan Iwan
Published: May 2020

In Indonesia, JLC is a conservation foundation which a part of a Javan primate project managed by the Aspinal Foundation. Javan Langur which was kept in JLC must undergo medical check-up series to ensure animal health status and also to prevent transmission of diseases from an animal to other animals or humans. There were several steps of medical check-up in JLC according to Aspinal Foundation procedure that must be done mainly when the animal first arrives on conservation. Such us physical examination, morphometric measurement, hematology test, renal and liver function, hepatitis, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Simian retrovirus (SRV) and Simian virus leukemia cell T (STLVs), feces examination for parasite and bacteria, tuberculin skin test by mammalian old tuberculin solution. All procedure was performed under anesthesia to avoid injury to both animal and veterinarian. One of the animal that when through this medical check-up was 3 years old female Javan Langur name Ifa. After a long and thorough examination, Ifa was on the normal condition and free from diseases as the lab result said so.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of Goat Milk Yoghurt, Goat Milk Yoghurt Fortified by Redand Black Rice Bran Flour
Authors: Haskito A. E. P. , Mahdi C. , Noviatri A.
Published: May 2020

Yoghurt is a functional food which has various health benefit. Goat milk yoghurt contains bioactive peptides which have the potential as antioxidants. Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling process, is recently popular as animal feed. Rice bran provides good nutritional values and high bioactive compounds, such as antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to determine the comparison of antioxidant activity and total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) between goat milk yoghurt and goat milk yoghurt fortifiedby red and black rice bran flour. This was a true experimental study with randomization three factor treatments and five repetitions: (1) goat milk yoghurt without red or black rice bran flour fortification; (2) goat milk yoghurt with 4% red rice bran flour fortification; and (3) goat milk yoghurt with 4% black rice bran flour fortification. Yoghurt used in this experiment was a fermented milk product fromLactobacillusbulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, andLactobacillus acidophilus. Analysis of the total LAB used Total Plate Count (TPC) test and analysis of the antioxidant activity used 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Data were analysed by Ms. Excell 2010. The addition of red and black rice bran flour to goat milk which were fermented together into yoghurt, has proven to increase antioxidant activity and total LAB, with the highest antioxidant activity and total LAB was the addition of black rice bran flour.
Antibacterial Activity of Kefir Grain Levels on Fermented Goat Milk
Authors: Hanum Z. , Yurliasni  , Mardhiah N. , Gaznur Z.M.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the use of kefir grains in goat’s milk. Preliminary tests included the total lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The main research includes syneresis test, total plate count, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus inhibition test using the disc method. The study used a non-factorial randomized complete design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Kefir grains presentation were 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results showed that the population of lactic acid and yeast bacteria was 9.3 × 109 and 1.2 × 107, respectively. The syneresis values were 5%, 10% and 15% by kefir grain addition 36.60%, 52.07% and 52.05%, respectively. The highest total number of microbes was obtained from the use of 5% yeast (7.67 log cfu.ml−1). The highest antibacterial ability was shown in the use of 5% yeast, each of which was 2.19 mm against Escherichia coli and 2.50 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the study concluded that kefir fermentation in goat milk has not been able to inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth.
The Differences of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity between Plain and Black Rice Bran-fortified Goat Milk Yogurt
Authors: Noviatri A. , Haskito A. E. P. , Mahdi C.
Published: May 2020

Yogurt is one of the health-functional superfoods that obtained from milk fermentation. Goat milk yogurt provides an excellent healthy value due to high nutritional composition and bioactive peptides. Rice bran is a nutrient-rich by-product that has been used as livestock feed and pet food. Black rice bran has good nutritional values, high phenolic and bioactive compounds. Bioactive compound has beneficial in human and animal health, such as antioxidant activity. Considering those health benefits, this study aimed to evaluate the difference of nutritional composition (protein, fat, water, ash, and carbohydrate content) and antioxidant activity between plain and black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt. This study used Completed Randomized Design (CRD) with a single treatment factor and 3 repetitions. Nutritional value was obtained by proximate analysis and the antioxidant activity was evaluated with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)radical scavenging activity. The average nutritional values of plain goat milk yogurt was 2.65% protein, 7.51% fat, 84.62% water, 0.81% ash, and 4.41% carbohydrate while the average nutritional value of black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt was 3.42 % protein, 6.03% fat, 81.99% water, 0.88% ash, and 7.68% carbohydrate. The average antioxidant activity value in plain goat milk yogurt was 593.72 mg/ml while the average antioxidant activity value for black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt was 382.71 mg/ml. The results showed that there were differences in nutritional composition between those two types of yogurt, and black rice bran-fortified goat milk yogurt had higher antioxidant activity.
The effects of fermentation using gamma-irradiated Aspergillus niger and adding rice bran on rice straw digestibility: in vitro study
Authors: Wahyono Teguh , Ansori Dedi , Hardani Shintia Nugrahini Wahyu , Maharani Yunida , Kurniawan Widhi
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of rice straw fermented with gamma-irradiated Aspergillus niger. This study was also determined to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of the combination fermented rice straw and rice bran as ruminant rations. A 500 Gy gamma-irradiated A. niger was used for the fermentation process in rice straw by 21 days. Completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications was applied in this study. The treatments were: JNF (rice straw), JF (fermented rice straw), JNF 85 (85% rice straw + 15% rice bran), JF 85 (85% fermented rice straw + 15% rice bran), JNF 70 (70% rice straw + 30% rice bran), JF 70 (70% fermented rice straw + 30% rice bran). The observed variables were the nutrient content, in vitro gas production and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD). The results showed that fermentation treatment by gamma-irradiated A. niger could reduce ADF content of rice straw (P<0.05). however, there was no significant difference in NDF content. JF 70 treatment produced the highest in vitro gas production (P<0.05). JF 70 also produced the highest IVTD (P<0.05). in conclusion, fermentation treatment by gamma-irradiated A. niger could reduce ADF content and increase IVTD. Adding rice bran in ruminant rations was also increase the availability of soluble nutrients for rumen microbes.
The Effect of Planting Space on Nutrient Composition of Indigofera zollingeriana in Coconut Plantation
Authors: Telleng MM , Anis SD , Sumolang CIJ , Kaunang WB , Dalie S
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research was evaluate leaf and stem nutrient composition of Indigofera zollingeriana with three different planting space in coconut plantation and to determine the suitable planting space of indigofera that produced highest nutrient in the system. The experiment was done at the experimental station of Assessment Institute Agricultural Technology (AIAT) of North Sulawesi, located 12 km from Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. This experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of three planting space, (1) 1.0x0.5m, (2) 1.0x1.0m, and (3) 1.0x1.5m, each treatment had six replications. Nutrient composition was observed. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. The variables measured were dry matter content, protein content and crude fiber content in leaf and stem. The results showed that different planting space were significant different (P<0.05) on leaf protein content, leaf crude fiber content and stem crude fiber conten but were no significant different (P>0.05) on leaf and stem dry matter content. HSD test showed that planting space 1.0m x 1.5m have highest leaf protein content (32.46%) and lowest leaf crude fiber content (10.04%). Based on this research it can be concluded that planting space 1.0m x 1.5m of Indigofera zollingeriana in coconut plantation have the highest nutrient composition.
Characteristics of In Vitro Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility of Ration Supplemented with Different Level of Soybean Oil Calcium Soap
Authors: Bain Ali , Wiryawan Komang G , Astuti DewiApri , Suharti Sri , Arman Chairussyuhur , Nasiu Firman
Published: May 2020

The in vitro experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean) supplementation in ration on fermentability characteristics, microbial population and nutrient digestibility by using rumen fluid of Bali cattle. The experiment was arranged in a completelyrandomized block design with 4 different ration treatments with 3 replicates. The ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate (C), R2 (40% NG + 60% C containing 2.5% CaS-soybean), R3: (40% NG + 60% C containing 5.0% CaS-soybean) and R4 (40% NG + 60% C containing 7.5% CaS-soybean). The measured variables were pH, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids, total bacteria and protozoa (microbial populations), dry matter and, and organic matter digestibility. The datawere analyzed by using Analysis of Variance and the differences between treatments were examined with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The experimental results showed that the different feed treatments did not have any significant effect on pH, ammonia (NH3-N) concentration, total bacteria, protozoa population, dry matter, and organic matter digestibility. However, the treatments significantly affect the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. Ration with 7.5% CaS-soybean (R4) had the highest VFA concentration compared to R1 (Control), R2 (control ration + 2.5% CaS-soybean and R3 (control ration contains 5% CaS-soybean).Feed treatment supplemented with 5.0% CaS-soybean (R3) had a higher total VFA concentrationcompare to control rations (R0). In conclusion, supplementation of the different levels of CaS-soybean within concentrate created thenormal of in vitro fermentation characteristics and the total production of VFA.
Physical Characteristics Analysis of Complete Silage Made of Sorghum Forage, King Grass and Natural Grass
Authors: Tahuk Paulus Klau , Bira Gerson Frans , Taga Hendrik
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of complete silage made from forage sorghum, king grass and natural grass. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Timor University, Kefamenanu-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) for 3 months, including preparation, adaptation, and data collection. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment included TI: sorghum 45% + lamtoro 20% + corn flour 25% + bran pollard 10%; T2: 45% natural grass + 20% lamtoro + 25% corn flour + 10% bran pollard and T3: king grass 45% + lamtoro 20% + corn flour 25% + bran pollard 10%. The parameters measured were the physical characteristics of complete silage in the form of color, texture, aroma, and the presence of fungus using panelists and the degree of acidity measured by a pH meter. Data were analyzed based on analysis of variance procedures.The results showed that the use of different forage sources as a base material in making complete silage had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the silage color and the presence of fungus but it did not affect the texture, aroma and acidity. It was concluded that the use of sorghum in making complete silage displayed the best physical characteristics characterized by natural green/yellowish green, dense textured, acidic (still fresh), pH 4.3 and the absence of fungus.
Effect of dry carboxylate salt mixture of fish oil supplementation on fatty acids compositions of cow milk fat
Authors: Tasse Andi Murlina , Asminaya Nur Santy , Nasiu Firman , Isnaeni Purnaning Dhian
Published: May 2020

A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding dry carboxylate salt mixture of fish oil (DCM-FO) on fatty acids composition of cow milk fat. Eight lactating Friesian Holstein crossbred cows with an average weight of 275 to 300 kg produced 3 to 3.5 liters milk per day, were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. All cows were fed approximately 4 kg of concentrate and maize husk, each weight 2 kg. Two treatment groups were given no supplement and 90 g of DCM-FO as a supplement, respectively. Result of the study showed that supplementing DCM-FO in lactating cows feed significantly increased milk fat, caprylic acid (C8:0), capric acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0), EPA (C20:5n-3), and DHA (C22:6n-3). Inversely, 90 g DCM-FO supplementation in dietary can significantly decrease oleic acid (C18:1). Supplementing 90 g DCM-FO in dietary had no significant effect on lauric acid (C12:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). The study indicated that supplementing 90 g of DCM-FO in lactating cows feed did not enhance long-chain fatty acids except for EPA and DHA in cow milk. However, it increased milk fat and short-chain fatty acids in cow milk fat.
Comparison of Vitamin, Anthocyanin, and Bioactive Compounds from Gajah and Padi Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) Peel as Potential Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Hidayah N , Lubis R , Nurhaita
Published: May 2020

Synthetic antioxidants have recently been reported to be dangerous for animal and human health. Thus, natural antioxidants from by-product plant materials are potential to replace synthetic ones. Vitamin C, E, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and phenolic compound have been proposed as a biological antioxidants. This experiment was designed to evaluate and compare the content of vitamin (C and E), anthocyanin, and bioactive compound (tannin and total phenol) from Gajah and Padi jengkol peel to assess their potentials as natural antioxidants. Data were analyzed descriptively by calculated the average of the data. The results showed that there were no differences between vitamin C and E percentage from gajah and padi Jengkol peel. Percentage of vitamin C was in low category and vitamin E was in medium category. Anthocyanin content of Padi Jengkol peel was 37.35% higher than Gajah Jengkol peel. Likewise, tannin and total phenol content of padi jengkol peel were almost 2 times higher than the gajah jengkol peel. It is concluded that padi jengkol peel are more potential to be used as a natural antioxidants than gajah jengkol peel.
Introduced tree legumes Indigofera zollingeriana to enhance potential carrying capacity of Brachiaria humidicola pasture in coconut plantations
Authors: Telleng M.M , Anis S.D , Kaligis D.A , Kaunang W , Malalantang S.
Published: May 2020

Coconut still one of the economic backbone of society. A tropical grass namely Brachiaria humidicola well adapted under mature coconuts, un fortune crude protein content of this grass fluctuated lower than minimum requirement in the ruminant diet. Furthermore, carrying capacity pasture based on B. humidicola in coconut plantation able to provide only the needs of total digestible nutrient for cattle with bodyweight no exceed to 250 Kg. Therefore, to increase crude protein content needs nitrogen fertilizer application but costly and in some circumstance occurred negative impacts on the environment. Herbaceous legume integrated as mixed pasture failed to persist due to the aggressiveness of this grass. There are some kind of tree legumes i.e., I. zollingeriana. This research aims to study the ability of I. zollingeriana to produce leaves as a source of protein and dry matter to enhance the carrying capacity. From animal feeds point of view B. humidicola solely could provides dry matter, crude protein and TDN for cattle with bodyweight 250 Kg, and I. zollingeriana as well, but the latter provides crude protein almost double more than B. humidicola. This means that both species altogether in the same space could provide feeds for body weight (BW) more.
Potential local microorganisms of local plants as a source of probiotics for livestock
Authors: Tarman Allaily , Mudatsir  , Tridayana Icha , Imran  , Asminaya Nur Santy , Aman Yaman M
Published: May 2020

The use of antibiotics as a growth promotor in livestock in Indonesia has been banned since January 2018 due to the negative effects of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming to obtain the potential of natural probiotics derived from local plants as an alternative of antibiotics. This study used materials in the form of roots and leaves that exist on the coast, in plantation areas, and in mountainous areas. The coastal area is the crown flower (Calotropis gigantean Dryand), in the plantation area is the fern plant (Nephrolepis biserrata), and in the mountainous area is the citronella plant (Cymbopogon nardus). Plant parts taken are roots and leaves. Each part of the roots and leaves was chopped by 1-2 cm, then as much as 1 kg of material soaked in 4 l of water containing 100 grams of sugar and then stored at room temperature for 21 days in a closed container. This research was conducted in vitro. The parameters measured were physical, namely odor, chemical in the form of pH and total acid, and microbiology, namely total lactic acid microbes. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and displayed in the form of figures and tables. The results showed that all materials were seen from the physical odor that smelled rather acidic, chemically pH of 3.09-3.58 and had a total acid of 1.07-2.09% microbiologically there was total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of 1.5-223 cfu/ml. Potential the best amount of LAB is in crown flower and ferns is in the roots, while the citronella is in the leaves. In conclusion, the three plants studied have the potential of local microorganisms to be used as natural probiotics for livestock, so that alternative antibiotics are cheap, safe and easy to obtain.
Growth and Yield of Cajanus Cajan Forage at Different Cutting Interval of Regrowth Defoliation
Authors: Abidinsyah Dian Agustina , Jusoh Shokri , Suyub Iswan Budy , Yaakub Halimatun
Published: May 2020

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp is Fabaceae family (alt. Leguminosae). It has a different common name the most common is congo pea, pigeon pea or yellow dahl. The morphological of the plant is an annual or short-lived perennial shrub or small tree with leaves trifoliate, alternate, set in a spiral around the stem, flowers usually yellow and a flat pods (5–9 cm long, 12–13 mm wide, containing 2–9 oval to round seeds varying in color from light beige to dark brown) that can grow up to one to four meters and usually with an erect woody at the base. Cajanus cajan primarily grown as a grain crop for seed for human consumption with over 4 million hectares cultivated worldwide. The foliage may be cut and fed to livestock fresh or conserved. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of Cajanus cajan forage at different cutting intervals of regrowth defoliation. The seeds were collected from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Field 15 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. The regrowth was harvested after 3 months plot establishment period. The regrowth of Cajanus cajan forages at 4-weeks, 8-weeks and 12-weeks old were harvested to determine the quantity and quality. The results indicate that the different cutting intervals had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height (68, 111, and 137 cm), fresh weight (38, 142, and 192 g), dry matter (14, 52.5, and 71.2 g), leaf to stem ratio (3.0, 1.3, and 1.8 g) and yield of Cajanus cajan forage (1.5, 5.5, and 7.5 ton/ha/cutting). The older cutting age had increased the yield. However, the best cutting interval of Cajanus cajan as ruminant feed for optimal production was 8 weeks (33 ton/ha/year).
The Potential of Puree Jamblang (Syzygum cumini) in Improving the Quality of Acidophilus Milk as a Probiotic
Authors: Yurliasni  , Hanum Zuraida , Usman Yunasri
Published: May 2020

This research on the use of jamblang puree in fermented milk has been carried out in Milk Processing Science and Technology Laboratory. The aim is to investigate the function of jamblang puree in enhancing acidophilus milk as a probiotic drink. This research uses a completely randomized factorial pattern design, consisting of two factors, namely the percentage of jamblang puree (A) with 4 levels (0, 10, 20 and 30)% and the percentage of starter (B) with 3 levels (2.5, 5, 7.5)%. The starter used is Lactobacillus acidophillus. Changes in the quality of acidhopillus milk are known through the measurement of pH, syneresis value, and total lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that the addition of jamblang puree significantly decreased the pH value and total lactic acid bacteria but the interaction of the two factors significantly increased syneresis. In conclusion, the addition of jamblang puree creates products whose quality is still in the SNI range so it can be categorized as a product that is suitable for consumption.
Nutrien Digestibility of Laying Quail at Different Sexes Treated With Papaya Leaves In Ration
Authors: Has Hamdan , Indi Amiluddin , Napirah Astriana , Baa La Ode , Syamsuddin
Published: May 2020

Quails were high-productivity poultry, the use of feed containing certain enzymes such as papaya leaves thought to increase the nutrient digestibility of quails, besides that gender is also thought to affect nutrient digestibility. This study used 60 laying age quail (± 16 weeks age) consisting of 30 males and 30 females. corn, rice bran, layer concentrate and papaya leaf flour used as ration composition. This study used a completely randomized design of six treatments and five replication, the treatment consisted of the level of papaya leaves (PL) in rations distributed to different sexes, the treatments were P1 (0% PL: female quail), P2 (0% PL: male quail ), P3 (3% PL: female quail), P4 (3% PL: male quail) P5 (6% PL: female quail) and P6 (6% PL: male quail). Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and further tested using the Duncan multiple range tests, the variables observed were dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and protein digestibility. The results showed that papaya leaf flour at level 3% did not affect (P > 0.05) on digestibility (dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, protein digestibility) compared to control but the use of papaya leaf flour at the level of 6% can significantly reduce nutrient digestibility (P <0.05). The sex of quails does not give the influence (P> 0.05) on nutrient digestibility. This study concluded that the use of PL in rations at levels above 3% can reduce nutrient digestibility.