bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação de uma sonda genética (Sistema Accuprobe, Gen Probe®) para identificação de organismos do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, em comparação com métodos tradicionais de caracterização
Authors: Spada Delurce Tadeu de Araujo , Santos Manoel Armando Azevedo dos , Almeida Elisabete A. , Augusto Marcos , Albarral Maria Idemar Pedrosa , Melo Fernando Augusto Fiuza de
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: O aparecimento da co-infecção tuberculose/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, o aumento de doenças por micobactérias não tuberculosas e as confusões que estas podem ter com as emergentes cepas multirresistentes exigem respostas laboratoriais mais rápidas e de melhor rendimento, não só com isolamento das micobactérias, mas também com a sua identificação. OBJETIVO: Estudo comparativo entre uma nova ferramenta de identificação molecular com sonda genética baseada na unidade 16S do gene rDNA do Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Accuprobe Gen Probe®, Gen Probe Inc.) e a metodologia clássica. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 55 isolados do gênero Mycobacterium, mantidos em bacterioteca, obtidos de escarros de pacientes de uma unidade de referência para tuberculose. Foram feitos repiques em três tubos: um destinado à identificação genética, outro para realização dos testes clássicos (produção e acumulação da niacina, e crescimento em meio de Lowenstein-Jensen com agentes inibidores - ácido p-nitrobenzóico e hidrazida do ácido tiofeno-2-carboxílico), e outro reserva. RESULTADOS: A sonda identificou 51 amostras do complexo M. tuberculosis (uma associada ao M. kansasii) e 4 como micobactérias não tuberculosas, posteriormente identificadas como M. kansasii (3) e M. avium (1). Os métodos tradicionais identificaram 47 amostras como do complexo M. tuberculosis, 4 com perfil de micobactérias não tuberculosas (concordante com o obtido pela sondagem genética) e 4 provas inconclusivas, uma delas exatamente a que associava duas espécies de micobactérias. CONCLUSÃO: Os benefícios da técnica de biologia molecular justificam sua implantação e uso rotineiro, associado aos métodos clássicos, numa unidade com alta demanda e que atenda casos de tuberculose de alta complexidade.
Indicadores relacionados ao retardo no diagnóstico e na instituição das precauções para aerossóis entre pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera em um hospital terciário
Authors: Resende Mariângela Ribeiro , Sinkoc Verônica Maria , Garcia Márcia Teixeira , Moraes Eliane Oliveira de , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , Papaiordanou Priscila Maria de Oliveira
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: Há risco de transmissão de tuberculose em instituições de cuidados à saúde. OBJETIVO: Avaliar indicadores relacionados ao risco de transmissão entre pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera atendidos em um hospital universitário. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, de 01/1997 a 09/1999. Foram estudados os pacientes internados com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Foram avaliados três intervalos: entre admissão e coleta da pesquisa de BAAR no escarro; entre admissão e instituição das precauções para aerossóis; entre coleta do escarro e início do tratamento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 63 casos. Associação ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana ocorreu em 31,7%. Quarenta pacientes foram admitidos pelo pronto-socorro (63,5%). Suspeita de tuberculose esteve presente na admissão em 42 pacientes (66,7%). O intervalo entre admissão e coleta de escarro excedeu 12 horas em 27,5% dos casos admitidos pelo pronto-socorro e em 30,4% dos internados nas enfermarias (p = 0,803). Retardo no isolamento respiratório ocorreu em 31 casos (49,2%). Os fatores associados ao retardo de isolamento foram ausência de tuberculose no diagnóstico de admissão (p < 0,000) e carga bacilar mais baixa no escarro (p = 0,032). Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (p = 0,530), enfermaria de hospitalização (p = 0,284) e presença de co-morbidades (p = 0,541) não foram associados ao retardo de isolamento. O intervalo entre coleta e início de tratamento foi superior a 24 horas em 15,9% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se retardo de isolamento em muitos casos. São necessárias políticas de educação continuada, sobretudo nas áreas de maior risco.
Rendimento da cultura de escarro na comparação de um sistema de diagnóstico automatizado com o meio de Lowenstein-Jensen para o diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar
Authors: Almeida Elisabete Aparecida de , Santos Manoel Armando Azevedo dos , Afiune Jorge Barros , Spada Delurce Tadeu de Araújo , Melo Fernando Augusto Fiuza de
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A tuberculose permanece um problema de saúde pública mundial. OBJETIVO: Avaliar um sistema de diagnóstico automatizado de tuberculose, comparando-o com baciloscopia e cultura em meio de Lowenstein-Jensen. MÉTODO: Estudo comparativo entre os resultados obtidos no sistema automatizado, baciloscopia do escarro e em meio de Lowenstein-Jensen, em 844 amostras de escarro de setembro a dezembro de 1999, em centro de referência para tuberculose em São Paulo (SP). RESULTADOS: Das 844 amostras, 27,1% mostraram-se positivas para bacilo álcool-acidorresistente e 72,9% negativas. Nos cultivos em Lowenstein-Jensen, 34,7% foram positivas e 63% negativas; no sistema automatizado, 37,1% foram positivas e 56,9% negativas. Observou-se sensibilidade de 98,1% e 91.9% no sistema automatizado e no Lowenstein-Jensen, respectivamente. A especificidade e o valor preditivo positivo foram de 100% nos dois métodos. O valor preditivo negativo foi de 98,9% no sistema automatizado e de 95,5% no Lowenstein-Jensen. A acurácia foi de 99,3% no sistema automatizado e 97% no Lowenstein-Jensen e o Kappa de 0,99 no sistema automatizado e 0,94 no Lowenstein-Jensen. O tempo médio de detecção das micobactérias no sistema automatizado (10,5 dias) apresentou diferença estatística significativa quando comparado com o método de Lowenstein-Jensen (34,7 dias). CONCLUSÃO: O rendimento da cultura com o sistema automatizado apresentou diferença estatística significativa quando comparado com o meio de Lowenstein-Jensen. O tempo médio de detecção das micobactérias foi significativamente reduzido no sistema automatizado. O rendimento do sistema automatizado justifica sua utilização em unidade de referência ambulatorial para a tuberculose em São Paulo.
Asma em menores de cinco anos: dificuldades no diagnóstico e na prescrição da corticoterapia inalatória
Authors: Fontes Maria Jussara Fernandes , Fonseca Maria Teresa Mohallem , Camargos Paulo Augusto Moreira , Affonso Alessandra Gazire Alves , Calazans Geralda Magela Costa
Published: January 2006

O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer um levantamento bibliográfico focalizando as dificuldades para se diagnosticar a asma e se estabelecer o início da corticoterapia inalatória em menores de cinco anos. As fontes pesquisadas foram as bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, no período de 1991 a 2002, em português, espanhol e inglês. A asma, doença crônica mais comum na infância, apresenta o início dos sintomas nos primeiros anos de vida em grande percentagem dos casos. Na atualidade, não existem meios propedêuticos disponíveis rotineiramente que permitam estabelecer com certeza o diagnóstico em menores de cinco anos. De acordo com as manifestações clínicas, lactentes e pré-escolares podem demandar tratamento semelhante ao da asma desde que precedido por avaliação clínica criteriosa. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico da asma nos primeiros anos de vida é complexo e eminentemente clínico. A corticoterapia inalatória constitui recurso eficaz, mas exige ponderação dos riscos e benefícios.
Sarcoidose pulmonar: achados na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução
Authors: Nóbrega Bruno Barcelos da , Meirelles Gustavo de Souza Portes , Szarf Gilberto , Jasinowodolinski Dany , Kavakama Jorge Issamu
Published: January 2006

A sarcoidose é uma doença sistêmica de causa indeterminada, caracterizada por granulomas não-caseosos. Embora possa afetar qualquer órgão, esta doença tem sua morbi-mortalidade relacionada principalmente ao acometimento pulmonar, presente em 80% a 90% dos pacientes. Este artigo ilustra as principais manifestações pulmonares da sarcoidose na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução, incluindo as formas típicas e atípicas.
Utilização de endoprótese metálica no tratamento de estenose brônquica após transplante pulmonar
Authors: Samano Marcos Naoyuki , Caramori Marlova Luzzi , Teixeira Ricardo Henrique de Oliveira Braga , Minamoto Helio , Fernandes Paulo Manuel Pêgo , Jatene Fabio Biscegli , Oliveira Sérgio Almeida de
Published: January 2006

As complicações decorrentes da anastomose brônquica nos transplantes pulmonares, embora tenham diminuído ao longo do tempo, ainda figuram como um dos principais fatores de morbi-mortalidade nesses pacientes. As formas de tratamento dessas complicações incluem dilatação por balão, fotocoagulação por laser, endopróteses de silicone e metálicas, e reoperação. Relata-se o caso de um paciente que apresentou estenose brônquica após transplante pulmonar unilateral esquerdo, cujo tratamento foi realizado com endoprótese metálica auto-expansível de nitinol (Ultraflex®). Embora seja um caso pioneiro no Brasil, a boa resposta clínica, concordante com os dados da literatura, sugere que esse tratamento seja uma boa alternativa nesses casos.
Mediastinite aguda: análise retrospectiva de 21 casos
Authors: Fatureto Marcelo Cunha , Neves-Junior Milton Alves das , Santana Thassio Cunha de
Published: January 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da mediastinite aguda, além das características de seu tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo realizado através da revisão de prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de mediastinite aguda, no Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, no período entre 1987 e 2004. RESULTADOS: Dos 21 pacientes estudados, a maioria era do sexo masculino (76,2%). A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 52,5 anos. Seis pacientes faleceram (28,6%). A esternotomia mediana foi a causa mais freqüente, responsável por 38,1% dos casos, seguida pela ruptura esofágica em 33,3% e pelas infecções cervicais em 14,3% dos casos. O Staphylococcus aureus e o Staphylococcus epidermidis foram os agentes causadores de mediastinite mais freqüentemente isolados, sendo a cultura unimicrobiana na maioria dos casos (42,9%). O tratamento cirúrgico associado a antibioticoterapia foi a terapêutica preferencial na maioria dos casos. As complicações mais freqüentes da mediastinite aguda foram o derrame pleural (23,8%) e a osteomielite (19%). O tempo médio de internação foi de 26,6 dias. CONCLUSÃO: A mediastinite aguda é uma complicação grave de algumas doenças ou procedimentos. Apesar da baixa incidência, a taxa de mortalidade é elevada. O Staphylococcus aureus e o Staphylococcus epidermidis são os agentes causadores mais freqüentes. O tratamento de escolha foi a antibioticoterapia associada ao tratamento cirúrgico.
Posição prona
Authors: Paiva Kelly Cristina de Albuquerque , Beppu Osvaldo Shigueomi
Published: January 2006

A posição prona é uma manobra utilizada para combater a hipoxemia nos pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Apesar de hoje ser considerada um modo eficaz de melhorar a oxigenação, os mecanismos fisiológicos que levam à melhora da função respiratória ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos. O objetivo principal desta revisão é discutir os aspectos fisiológicos e clínicos da posição prona na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo.
Corticóide inalatório: efeitos no crescimento e na supressão adrenal
Authors: Arend Elisete E. , Fischer Gilberto Bueno , Mocelin Helena , Medeiros Lídia
Published: January 2006

Este artigo é uma revisão da literatura médica sobre os corticosteróides inalatórios e seus efeitos no crescimento e na supressão adrenal em crianças e adolescentes. Utilizaram-se o Medline e artigos publicados em jornais científicos nacionais e internacionais, principalmente nos últimos cinco anos, para a revisão da literatura. Há controvérsias acerca dos efeitos colaterais dos corticóides inalatórios. Nos 21 estudos sobre crescimento e uso de corticóides inalatórios, notou-se que houve diferença significativa no primeiro ano (retardo de 1 a 1,5 cm) quando se utilizou principalmente beclometasona e budesonida inalatórias, mas não se verificou diferença na altura final adulta quando estudos de mais longa duração foram conduzidos, fazendo-se relação com a altura dos pais. Entretanto, em dez artigos sobre uso de corticóide inalatório e supressão adrenal, foram relatadas hipoglicemia, parada de ganho de peso e altura, e alterações nos exames de cortisol sérico matinal e urinário de 24 h, principalmente com uso de doses altas de corticóide inalatório. Corticóides inalatórios podem diminuir o crescimento no primeiro ano de uso, mas não a altura final adulta. São necessárias mais pesquisas com longo tempo de acompanhamento de crianças em uso de corticóide inalatório para se avaliar o impacto sobre o crescimento final. Monitorar a altura é uma medida para se avaliar eficácia e segurança no uso de corticóide inalatório em crianças. Exames que avaliam o eixo hipotalâmico pituitário adrenal e a insuficiência adrenal devem ser correlacionados com sintomas clínicos ou efeitos colaterais.
Condroma pulmonar isolado: caso incompleto da tríade de Carney?
Authors: Ruiz Júnior Raul Lopes , Defaveri Júlio , Cataneo Antonio José Maria , Silva Rogério Cardoso da , Ribeiro Sérgio Marrone , Barros Cristiano Ventorim de
Published: January 2006

Um homem, de 45 anos, com infecções pulmonares de repetição havia quatro anos apresentou-se com tosse, secreção amarelada, escarros hemópticos e dor torácica não pleural. A tomografia revelou nódulo calcificado ocluindo brônquio lobar inferior direito. Realizada bilobectomia inferior e média, o exame histopatológico revelou condroma endobrônquico, bem circunscrito. O condroma pulmonar é um tumor raro, em geral associado à tríade de Carney (condroma, leiomiossarcoma gástrico e paraganglioma extra-adrenal), sendo o menos freqüente dos três componentes. No presente caso, os outros dois componentes não foram observados. Podem, entretanto, se manifestar tardiamente, sendo, assim, necessário seguimento clínico em longo prazo do paciente.
Tratamento cirúrgico de cisto broncogênico paratraqueal por mediastinoscopia cervical
Authors: Brandão Daniel Sammartino , Boasquevisque Carlos Henrique Ribeiro , Haddad Rui , Ponzio Eduardo de Souza
Published: January 2006

Os cistos broncogênicos do mediastino são lesões benignas congênitas, usualmente descobertas na idade adulta. O tratamento cirúrgico clássico, quando indicado, é a ressecção da lesão por toracotomia ou por videotoracoscopia. Descrevemos aqui um caso em que foi realizada a ressecção completa de um cisto broncogênico paratraqueal por mediastinoscopia cervical, com uma breve revisão e discussão da literatura.
Anticorpos contra o citoplasma de neutrófilos
Authors: Radu Ari Stiel , Levi Mauricio
Published: January 2006

A descoberta do marcador sorológico denominado anticorpo anticitoplasma de neutrófilos revolucionou o diagnóstico e o seguimento das vasculites pulmonares, especialmente da granulomatose de Wegener. Seu padrão pode ser citoplasmático e perinuclear. Sua titulação auxilia no diagnóstico e no seguimento das vasculites pulmonares.
Granulomatose de Wegener
Authors: Antunes Telma , Barbas Carmen Sílvia Valente
Published: January 2006

A granulomatose de Wegener caracteriza-se por vasculite necrosante granulomatosa que acomete preferencialmente vias aéreas superiores, inferiores e rins. Seu diagnóstico é feito associando-se as manifestações clínicas, radiológicas (multiplos nódulos escavados) e os achados anatomopatológicos e o anticorpo anticitoplasma de neutrófilos positivo. O tratamento com corticosteróides e ciclofosfamida leva a 90% de remissão da doença em 1 ano.
Effect of different dye solutions on the evaluation of the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Tanomaru Filho Mário , Figueiredo Frederick Alves , Tanomaru Juliane Maria Guerreiro
Published: January 2006

Alkaline materials have shown incompatibility with methylene blue dye in leakage experiments. The goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of different dyes on the evaluation of the apical sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate root-end fillings. Fifty-six extracted human canines were submitted to root canal instrumentation and obturation. After apical resection, retrograde cavities were prepared and teeth were randomly divided into four experimental (n = 13) and two control groups (n = 2). The following root-end filling materials were used: groups 1 and 2 - Pro Root MTA (Dentsply), groups 3 and 4 - zinc oxide-eugenol cement (ZOE). Teeth in groups 1 and 3 were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution, while teeth in groups 2 and 4 were immersed in 0.2% rhodamine B in a reduced pressure environment for 48 hours. Teeth were then longitudinally sectioned and leakage was evaluated. Results were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's test). Group 1 presented the least leakage (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the evaluation of the sealing ability of MTA is influenced by the dye used, since this material presented better sealing ability when evaluated with Methylene Blue, but was similar to ZOE when evaluated with rhodamine B.
In vitro activity of zinc oxide-eugenol and glass ionomer cements on Candida albicans
Authors: Cassanho Anna Carolina Aguiar , Fernandes Aletéia Massula , Oliveira Luciane Dias de , Carvalho Claudio Antonio Talge , Jorge Antonio Olavo Cardoso , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of glass ionomer (GIC) and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) cements against Candida albicans. Standardized GIC and ZOE specimens were maintained in contact with C. albicans suspension (1 ´ 10(6) cells/ml) at 37°C for 24 h, 48 h or 7 days. A control group without any testing cement was included. After the incubation period, aliquots of 0.1 ml were plated on Sabouraud's agar, and then the number of colonies was counted. The results were expressed as values of logarithms of colony-forming units per milliliter (log CFU/mL) and were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. After 48 h of incubation, the ZOE group presented no growth of C. albicans. GIC and control groups presented similar mean values at all tested periods. According to the results obtained, it could be concluded that, under the experimental conditions, ZOE cement was more effective in vitro against C. albicans than GIC.
The influence of mold temperature on the fit of cast crowns with commercially pure titanium
Authors: Fragoso Wagner Sotero , Henriques Guilherme Elias Pessanha , Contreras Edwin Fernando Ruiz , Mesquita Marcelo Ferraz
Published: January 2006

Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) has been widely applied to fabricate cast devices because of its favorable properties. However, the mold temperature recommended for the manufacture of casts has been considered relatively low, causing inadequate castability and poor marginal fit of cast crowns. This study evaluated and compared the influence of mold temperature (430°C - as control, 550°C, 670°C) on the marginal discrepancies of cast CP Ti crowns. Eight bovine teeth were prepared on a mechanical grinding device and impressions were used to duplicate each tooth and produce eight master dies. Twenty-four crowns were fabricated using CP Ti in three different groups of mold temperature (n = 8): 430°C (as control), 550°C and 670°C. The gap between the crown and the bovine tooth was measured at 50 X magnification with a traveling microscope. The marginal fit values of the cast CP Ti crowns were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.03). The 550°C group (95.0 µm) showed significantly better marginal fit than the crowns of the 430°C group (203.4 µm) and 670°C group (213.8 µm). Better marginal fit for cast CP Ti crowns was observed with the mold temperature of 550°C, differing from the 430°C recommended by the manufacturer.
Enamel matrix proteins associated with GTR and bioactive glass in the treatment of class III furcation in dogs
Authors: Fernandes José Marcos Alves , Rego Rodrigo Otávio Citó César , Spolidorio Luis Carlos , Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana Chiérici , Marcantonio Júnior Elcio , Cirelli Joni Augusto
Published: January 2006

This study investigated, both histologically and histometrically, the efficacy of enamel matrix derived proteins (EMD) associated with bioactive glass (BG) and an absorbable membrane in the treatment of class III furcation defects in mongrel dogs. After surgical defect creation and chronification, the lesions were randomly divided into three groups according to the treatment employed: Test Group 1 - EMD + BG + membrane, Test Group 2 - EMD + membrane and Control Group - BG + membrane. After a 90-day healing period, the dogs were sacrificed. The descriptive analysis and the histometric data showed similar results for the experimental groups in all studied parameters (MANOVA, p > 0.05). The association of Emdogain® with bioglass and GTR, or with GTR only, showed similar results when compared with the ones obtained with bioglass associated with membrane in the treatment of class III furcation defects in dogs. The three modalities of treatment showed partial filling of the furcations, with bone and cementum regeneration limited to the apical portion of the defects.
In vitro biocompatibility tests of two commercial types of mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Matsumoto Mariza Akemi , Duarte Marco Antonio Húngaro , Marques Mariangela Esther Alencar , Salvadori Daisy Maria Favero
Published: January 2006

Recently, regular and white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are being used in Dentistry as retrofilling materials. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests form an important part of cancer research and risk assessment of potential carcinogens. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of regular and white MTA in vitro by the single cell gel (comet) assay and trypan blue exclusion test, respectively. Mouse lymphoma cells were exposed to two presentation forms of MTA at final concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 µg/mL for 3 h at 37°C. The results showed that both compounds tested did not produce genotoxic effects at all concentrations evaluated. Likewise, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that regular and white MTA are not genotoxins and are not able to interfere in cellular viability as assessed by single cell gel (comet) assay and trypan blue assay, respectively.
Brazilian gutta-percha points: Part I: chemical composition and X-ray diffraction analysis
Authors: Maniglia-Ferreira Cláudio , Silva Jr João Batista Araújo , Paula Regina Célia Monteiro de , Feitosa Judith Pessoa Andrade , Cortez Douglas Giordani Negreiros , Zaia Alexandre Augusto , Souza-Filho Francisco José de
Published: January 2006

Eight nonstandardized gutta-percha points commercially available in Brazil (Konne, Tanari, Endopoint, Odous, Dentsply 0.04, Dentsply 0.06, Dentsply TP and Dentsply FM) were analysed chemically and by X-ray diffraction, and their chemical compositions were compared. The organic fraction (gutta-percha polymer and wax/resin) of the gutta-percha points was separated from the inorganic fraction (ZnO and BaSO4) by dissolving them in chloroform. The gutta-percha polymer was precipitated with acetone. The inorganic fraction was analysed by elemental microanalysis. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction were employed to identify the chemical elements and compounds (barium sulfate and zinc oxide). The barium sulfate content was calculated based on the percentage of sulfur found in the elemental microanalysis. All analyses were repeated three times. The means and standard deviations of the percentage by weight of gutta-percha in the points were: Konne (17.6 ± 0.30), Tanari (15.2 ± 0.30), Endopoint (16.7 ± 0.23), Odous (18.8 ± 0.20), Dentsply 0.04 (15.7 ± 0.17), Dentsply 0.06 (16.6 ± 0.17), Dentsply TP (21.6 ± 0.15) and Dentsply FM (16.3 ± 0.23). The means and standard deviations of the zinc oxide content were: Konne (79.9 ± 0.10), Tanari (81.9 ± 0.07), Endopoint (81.3 ± 0.40), Odous (79.7 ± 0.26), Dentsply 0.04 (77.9 ± 0.03), Dentsply 0.06 (78.2 ± 0.07), Dentsply TP (69.8 ± 0.19) and Dentsply FM (72.6 ± 0.70). The method utilized was appropriate to quantify gutta-percha, wax/resin, zinc oxide and barium sulfate. Cone brands without barium sulfate were found. An unusual high wax/resin percentage was detected in Dentsply FM (p = 0.0003). Dentsply TP showed the highest gutta-percha percentage.
Response of osteoblastic cells to titanium submitted to three different surface treatments
Authors: Santiago Adriana Soares , Santos Euler Araújo , Sader Márcia Soares , Santiago Marcelo Felippe , Soares Gloria de Almeida
Published: January 2006

In the complex process of bone formation at the implant-tissue interface, surface properties are relevant factors modulating osteoblastic function. In this study, commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) samples were prepared with different surface characteristics using chemical attack with a sulfuric acid/hydrochloric acid based solution (treatment A); chemical attack plus anodic oxidation using phosphoric acid (treatment B); and chemical attack plus thermal oxidation followed by immersion in a sodium fluoride solution (treatment C). The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact profilometry and contact angle. The biological performance of the prepared surfaces was evaluated using mice osteoblastic cell cultures for up to 21 days. Cells seeded on the different titanium samples showed similar behavior during cell attachment and spreading. However, cellular proliferation and differentiation were higher for samples submitted to treatments A and C (p < 0.05; n = 3), which were less rough and showed surface free energy with smaller polar components.
Making visible the invisible logic of inquiry: Uncovering multiple challenges
Authors: GREEN JUDITH L. , LEE CAROL D.
Published: January 2006

Book reviewed in this article:

Discourse Analysis and the Study of Classroom Language and Literacy Events: A Microethnographic Perspective. David Bloome, Stephanie Power Carter, Beth Morton Christian, Sheila Otto, and Nora Shuart‐Faris. 2005.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Abbott Brian L.
Published: January 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss prognostic markers for CLL, including ZAP70 expression, IgVH rearrangements, and CD38 expression.Describe the latest chemotherapy regimens for CLL, including combinations containing nucleoside analogues and monoclonal antibodies.Describe appropriate indications for initiation of treatment for CLL.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
In My Craft and Sullen Art or Sketching the Future by Drawing on the Past
Authors: Stacey Michael
Published: January 2006

Whether made digitally or by hand, remotely or locally, realisation of architecture is still reliant on the agency of dialogue from a practice that stems from oral exchange. Professor Michael Stacey, a global figure in the development of digital fabrication in architecture, and author of Component Design, draws from his broad experience in manufacturing, practice and research. This grounded text is a prompt for architectural practice to adopt digital fabrication technologies with clear reference and understanding of their origins and, thus, redefine itself as a form of live research. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orgone Reef
Authors: Beesley Philip
Published: January 2006

Making architecture may be considered a conscious endeavour to imagine and investigate the physical and psychological aspects of human experience. Fed by an insatiable urge to understand and explore his environment, Philip Beesley constructs exquisite thresholds that mediate between craft and manufacture, meaning and behaviour, physicality and psychology. His works Orgone Reef and Orpheus Filter invite us to imagine and touch the extraordinary. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting Specific
Authors: Ayres Phil
Published: January 2006

The Art and Architecture Partnership, known for commissioning public works such as Softroom's Belvedere and James Turrell's Skyspace, has recently awarded its first architectural residency at Kielder to sixteen*(makers). Here, Phil Ayres introduces initial questions for an evolutionary design process that the practice has begun to explore and will execute as a series of interventions on the landscape. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Architectural Design
Authors: Callicott Nick
Published: January 2006

Fuelled by their passion for design, manufacturing and industrial production, Nick Callicott and partner Kris Ehlert have boldly stepped away from the London architecture scene and set up shop in new factory premises in Wienerode, Germany. Here Nick, author of Computer Aided Manufacture in Architecture, takes time to position their practice amongst the considerable expertise and knowledge of advanced fabrication techniques with illustrations of recent prototypes made for a future dwelling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making a Bang
Authors: Sheil Bob , Packman Ron
Published: January 2006

‘Design is a performance and a process, a form of seeking, a journey where the caravan expands and contracts.’ Guest‐editor Bob Sheil describes the extraordinary make‐up and approach of the studio of the accomplished maker Thomas Heatherwick. With Ron Packman, he also describes how this translates into physical form in the making of the sculpture The B of Big Bang. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication Research
Authors: Thornton John
Published: January 2006

The engineer John Thornton, formerly of Arup, reflects upon a career that has helped shape the architecture of leading design practices such as the Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Hopkins, and Richard Rogers Partnership. Looking back almost a quarter of a century to a time that preceded digital manufacturing techniques, this frank account of design development for components of the Lloyd's Building reconsiders the notion of fabrication research as an embedded aspect of practice and reminds us of its value as a stimulant for creativity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Just Build
Authors: Kellogg Craig
Published: January 2006

New Yorkers are doing it for themselves: Craig Kellogg looks at the new American DIY architects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hapticity Vision
Authors: Pallasmaa Juhani
Published: January 2006

The Eyes of the Skin has become an architectural classic. Here, on the publication of a new edition, its author Juhani Pallasmaa reflects on why a sensory understanding of the world has grown in an increasingly digital age. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malediction d'Agamemnon Jardin de la Guerre La Guerre du Jardin
Authors: Jencks Charles
Published: January 2006

Charles Jencks describes how the theme of chaos at the Chaumont Garden Festival in France in 2004 inspired an interactive garden of attack. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building the Drawing
Authors: Hill Jonathan
Published: January 2006

The understanding and, consequently, the status of the terms architect, drawing and building, alter through context and time. Less recognised are the interdependencies that lie beneath their constituent parts; the drawing and the building, the designer and maker, the material and the immaterial. By reversing typical patterns of exchange, Jonathan Hill disrupts the security of the familiar and the certainty of the stable, and considers how drawing and building are both similar and different. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inside Front Cover: Resorcin[4]arene Cavitand‐Based Molecular Switches (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2006)
Authors: Azov V. A. , Beeby A. , Cacciarini M. , Cheetham A. G. , Diederich F. , Frei M. , Gimzewski J. K. , Gramlich V. , Hecht B. , Jaun B. , Latychevskaia T. , Lieb A. , Lill Y. , Marotti F. , Schlegel A. , Schlittler R. R. , Skinner P. J. , Seiler P. , Yamakoshi Y.
Published: January 2006

Miniaturized molecular grippers for supramolecular construction are described by François Diederich and co‐workers on p. 147. These grippers are based on resorcin[4]arene cavitands with four quinoxaline bridges; these macrocycles can be switched between a closed (left) and open (right) configuration via temperature changes, pH changes, or stoichiometric metal‐ion complexation. The background is a scanning tunneling microscopy image of a self‐assembled monolayer of the closed cavitands. Individual gripper “fingers” are seen as lighter spots, four per gripper, which in turn pack into a well‐ordered array.

Resorcin[4]arene cavitands with four quinoxaline bridges are a family of macrocycles that adopt, at elevated temperature, a contracted, vase‐type conformation, capable of guest inclusion, whereas at low temperature they switch to an expanded, kite‐type conformation with a large flat surface. The present investigations lay the foundation for the use of such dynamic cavitands as miniaturized mechanical grippers for supramolecular construction at the single‐molecule level. New vase–kite switching modes, stimulated by pH changes or stoichiometric metal‐ion complexation, have been discovered and monitored by 1H NMR and optical absorption spectroscopy. The solid‐state geometries of the two states have been revealed by X‐ray crystallography, and the kinetics and thermodynamics of the switching processes in solution as well as their solvent dependency has been investigated in great detail. Monolayers of the cavitand in the vase form have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy at molecular resolution; conformational switching is also observed in Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface. Synthetic protocols have been developed for preparation of partially and asymmetrically bridged resorcin[4]arene cavitands, which are also shown to undergo conformational switching. These synthetic advances pave the way to new, dynamic molecular receptors for steroids, tetrathiofulvalene‐bridged grippers with the potential to undergo electrochemically induced conformational switching, and systems with greatly extended, rigid cavity walls functionalized at the termini by dipyrrometheneboron difluoride dyes. The latter cavitands are shown by fluorescence resonance energy transfer to undergo geometrically precisely defined motions between a contracted (≈ 7 Å linear extension) and a strongly expanded (≈ 7 nm linear extension) state.
The involvement of ErbB4 with schizophrenia: Association and expression studies
Authors: Silberberg Gilad , Darvasi Ariel , Pinkas‐Kramarski Ronit , Navon Ruth
Published: January 2006

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) has been found to be associated with schizophrenia in several populations. Consistently, mutant mice heterozygous for either NRG1 or its receptor, ErbB4, show a behavioral phenotype that overlaps with mouse models for schizophrenia. These observations raised the hypothesis that impaired NRG1–ErbB4 signaling may contribute to schizophrenia susceptibility. Nineteen SNPs encompassing the ErbB4 gene were selected from the HapMap database and genotyped in genomic DNA isolated from 59 Ashkenazi schizophrenia patients and 130 matched controls. Expression analysis of ErbB4 splice variants was performed on postmortem DLPFC samples obtained from Caucasian patients and controls by real‐time PCR. We found a highly significant difference between patient and control groups in three SNPs from one linkage disequilibrium (LD) block both in allele (P = 0.013, 0.0045, 0.0049) and genotype frequencies (P = 0.00013, 0.000021, 0.00018), as well as a risk haplotype (P = 0.00044). Expression analysis indicated that the CYT‐1 isoform is overexpressed in patients (P = 0.047) and that juxtamembrane (JM)‐a displays a similar trend (P = 0.081). This study provides a direct link between ErbB4 and the disease. We propose that NRG1 and its receptor ErbB4 are components of a biological pathway, involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellulose derivatives with adamantoyl groups
Authors: Ciolacu Diana , Popa V. I. , Ritter H.
Published: January 2006

A new synthesis pattern of adamantoyl esters of cellulose (AdTMSC) is described. The process was approached by two steps. The first one consists in the obtaining of trimethylsilylcellulose (TMSC), by reacting cellulose in N,N‐dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMA/LiCl) solution with chlorotrimethylsilane and hexamethyldisilazane. The AdTMSC was synthesized by reacting trimethylsilylcellulose with 1‐adamantanecarbonyl chloride, at 130°C. The obtained compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry method, and X‐ray diffraction. From 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses, the degree of substitution (DS) of the cellulose derivatives was established. The AdTMSC is soluble in common organic solvent like chloroform, THF, and DMSO. As revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy, a faster reaction takes place at the O (6)H group from AGU compared with O (2)H or O(3)H groups. Furthermore, other important properties were established by X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 105–112, 2006
Interferometric measurements of refractive index dispersion in polymers over the visible and near‐infrared spectral range
Authors: Caudill Sarah E. , Tandy Grubbs W.
Published: January 2006

A low‐coherence Michelson interferometric method for characterizing the refractive index and refractive index dispersion over the visible and near‐infrared spectral ranges (350–1700 nm) is described. The method is particularly suited to measurements in optical materials that have flat, parallel surfaces. The accuracy and precision associated with the method are address from a theoretical standpoint and the technique is demonstrated through the collection of dispersion curves for a number of standard optical glasses and three common polymers (polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycarbonate). The advantages and disadvantages of this method in comparison to conventional “refractometry” (i.e., the Abbé refractometer) are also addressed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 65–72, 2006
Characterization of soluble microbial products (SMP) derived from glucose and phenol in dual substrate activated sludge bioreactors
Authors: Magbanua Benjamin S. , Bowers Alan R.
Published: January 2006

Soluble microbial products (SMP) generated by activated sludge cultures receiving a mixed feed of phenol and glucose were characterized with respect to molecular weight (MW) distribution, octanol‐water partition coefficient (Kow), and Microtox® toxicity. Short‐term batch reactor tests using 14C‐labeled substrates were performed to collect SMP derived from each substrate, while long‐term tests were performed with SMP accumulated over multiple feed cycles using fed‐batch reactors receiving non‐labeled substrates. Yield of SMP in the batch tests, 10%–20% for phenol and 2%–5% for glucose, differed for each substrate and was independent of initial concentration. The MW distribution (MWD) of SMP was independent of feed composition, and was bimodal in the < 1 kDa and 10–100 kDa MW ranges for phenol‐derived SMP and predominantly < 1 kDa for glucose‐derived SMP. In the non‐labeled tests, the fraction of SMP of MW > 100 kDa increased with the proportion of glucose in the feed. The Kow of phenol‐derived SMP was higher compared to glucose‐derived SMP, indicating that the phenol‐derived SMP were more hydrophobic. This was particularly true at an acidic pH, where the Kow was 4.2 ± 1.0 for phenol‐derived SMP versus 0.13 ± 0.13 for glucose‐derived SMP. Toxicity testing indicated that phenol‐derived SMP, exerting a mean Microtox® inhibition of 1%, were less toxic than phenol itself, and showed little correlation between toxicity and concentration. However, glucose‐derived SMP were generally more toxic than glucose itself (a non‐toxic substrate), and the toxicity increased linearly with the concentration of SMP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coil reduction of the right ventricular cavity in a boy with pulmonary atresia, intact ventricular septum, and an aneurysmal coronary sinusoid
Authors: Vanagt Ward Y. , Delhaas Tammo , Maleux Geert , Gewillig Marc
Published: January 2006

Coronary sinusoids are often found in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. We report on a 4‐year‐old boy with such pathology in whom, after completion of the Fontan‐circulation, the pulsatile flow through a major sinusoid significantly increased the size of a coronary artery up to aneurysmal dimensions. Because percutaneous closure of the sinusoid was unsuccessful, the right ventricular cavity was partially obliterated with coils. This resulted in a significant decrease of right ventricular stroke volume, regression of the pulsatility and of the coronary size, with good clinical result at 1.5 years of follow‐up. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting late loss and neointimal volumetric measurements in a drug‐eluting stent trial: Analysis from the SPIRIT FIRST trial
Authors: Tsuchida Keiichi , García‐García Héctor M. , Ong Andrew T.L. , Valgimigli Marco , Aoki Jiro , Rademaker Tessa A.M. , Morel Marie‐Angèle M. , van Es Gerrit‐Anne , Bruining Nico , Serruys Patrick W.
Published: January 2006

This study was conducted to reevaluate the significance of angiographic late loss and to assess the agreement between new proposed neointimal volumetric measurements derived from quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and standard intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)–based parameters. Neointimal volumetric measurements may better estimate the magnitude of neointimal growth after stenting than late loss. In 56 in‐stent segments (27, everolimus; 29, bare metal) in the SPIRIT FIRST study, we compared QCA measures with the corresponding IVUS parameters. Two IVUS‐late loss models were derived from minimal luminal diameter (MLD) using either a circular model or a so‐called projected MLD. QCA‐neointimal volume was calculated as follows: stent volume (mean area of the stented segment × stent length) at post procedure − lumen volume (mean area of the stented segment × stent length) at follow‐up (the stent length either from nominal stent length or the length measured by QCA). Videodensitometric neointimal volume was also evaluated. Each of the three neointimal volume and percentage volume obstruction by QCA showed significant correlation with the corresponding IVUS parameters (r = 0.557–0.594, P < 0.0001), albeit with a broad range of limits of agreement. Late loss and volumetric measurements by QCA had a broader range of standard deviation than those by IVUS. QCA‐volumetric measurements successfully confirmed the efficacy of everolimus‐eluting stents over bare metal stents (P < 0.05). Our proposed QCA volumetric measurements may be a practical surrogate for IVUS measurements and a discriminant methodological approach for assessment of treatment effects of drug‐eluting stents. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endovascular aortic coarctation stenting in adolescents and adults: Angiographic and hemodynamic outcomes
Authors: Mahadevan Vaikom S. , Vondermuhll Isabelle F. , Mullen Michael J.
Published: January 2006

Objectives: To assess the procedural, clinical, angiographic, and hemodynamic outcomes, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at 1 year in adolescent and adult patients undergoing primary stenting for treatment of aortic coarctation. Background: Stenting is widely used for treatment of aortic coarctation. Data regarding efficacy of this treatment for control of hypertension at 1 year is scant, with only one reported series of planned angiographic follow up. The impact of newer type stents for this procedure is also unknown. Methods: Thirty‐seven patients undergoing stenting for aortic coarctation, over a 3‐year period in a tertiary centre were studied as part of an observational protocol. Results: Peak gradient across the coarctation fell from 28.3 ± 15.1 to 3.7 ± 4.1 post procedure and was 11.9 ± 8.9 mmHg (P < 0.05 compared to baseline) at 1 year. There was one major complication (2.7%), with no deaths. Small aneurysms were seen in three patients (13%) on follow up angiography at 1 year. Right arm systolic blood pressures fell from 155 ± 19 to 132 ± 22 (P < 0.05) at 6 weeks and was 132 ± 16 mmHg (P < 0.05 compared to baseline) at 1 year. Ambulatory average systolic blood pressures fell from 142 ± 14 to 133 ± 15 at 6 weeks (P < 0.05) and to 125 ± 12 mmHg (P < 0.05 compared to baseline) at 1 year. No significant differences were seen in procedural outcomes between patients receiving Palmaz™ and CPNumed™ stents. Conclusion: Primary stenting of aortic coarctation in adolescents and adults results in excellent clinical and angiographic outcomes and sustained hemodynamic benefits at 1 year as evidenced by significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and gradients. Close follow up is required to monitor aneurysm formation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gadolinium‐based contrast agents and nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing coronary artery procedures
Authors: Briguori Carlo , Colombo Antonio , Airoldi Flavio , Melzi Gloria , Michev Iassen , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Chieffo Alaide , Bellanca Raimondo , Ricciardelli Bruno
Published: January 2006

Objective: We tested whether gadolinium‐based contrast agent is less nephrotoxic than iodinated‐contrast media. Background: Iodinated contrast agents are nephrotoxic. Some data suggest that gadolinium‐based contrast agent may be less nephrotoxic than iodinated‐contrast media. Methods: Twenty‐five consecutive patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine concentration ≥2.0 mg/dl and/or clearance ≤40 ml/min), referred to our institution for coronary procedures, were assigned to receive gadolinium‐based contrast agents, a solution of gadolinium chelates diluted 3:1 by iso‐osmolality contrast media (Gadolinium‐based group). A control group of 32 patients with comparable clinical characteristics and treated with iodinated iso‐osmolality contrast agent alone (Iodinated‐based group) was selected from our database and compared with the Gadolinium‐based group. In all cases, prophylactic administration of 0.45% saline intravenously and NAC (1200 mg orally twice daily) was used. Results: Baseline creatinine levels and creatinine clearance were similar in the 2 groups (Gadolinium‐based group = 2.30 [IQR: 2.01–2.68] mg/dl and 33 ± 13 ml/min; Iodinated‐based group = 2.24 [IQR: 2.05–2.65] mg/dl and 30 ± 10 ml/min; P >0.05 for all). Increase of at least 0.5 mg/dl of the creatinine concentration 48 hr after the procedure occurred in 7/25 (28%) patients in the Gadolinium‐based group and in 2/32 (6.5%) patients in the Iodinated‐based group (P = 0.034; OR = 4.48; 95% CI = 1.01–19.17). Renal failure requiring temporary dialysis occurred in 2 (8%) patients in the Gadolinium‐based group and in none in the Iodinated‐based group (P = 0.19). Conclusions: The strategy of gadolinium‐based contrast agent administration does not seem to reduce the rate of CAN, as compared to the iodinated iso‐osmolality contrast agent in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.© 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of popliteal stent fracture with pseudoaneurysm formation
Authors: Solis Joaquin , Allaqaband Suhail , Bajwa Tanvir
Published: January 2006

We describe a case of angiographically documented stent fracture and pseudoaneurysm formation in a patient with femoropopliteal disease, which was successfully treated with deployment of an endovascular stent graft. Technical aspects of the procedure are discussed and the experience with stent fractures previously reported in the literature is reviewed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.