bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of eliminating fracture intersection nodes in multiphase compositional flow simulation
Authors: Walton Kenneth M. , Unger Andre J. A. , Ioannidis Marios A. , Parker Beth L.
Published: March 2017

Algebraic elimination of nodes at discrete fracture intersections via the star‐delta technique has proven to be a valuable tool for making multiphase numerical simulations more tractable and efficient. This study examines the assumptions of the star‐delta technique and exposes its effects in a 3‐D, multiphase context for advective and dispersive/diffusive fluxes. Key issues of relative permeability‐saturation‐capillary pressure (kr‐S‐Pc) and capillary barriers at fracture‐fracture intersections are discussed. This study uses a multiphase compositional, finite difference numerical model in discrete fracture network (DFN) and discrete fracture‐matrix (DFM) modes. It verifies that the numerical model replicates analytical solutions and performs adequately in convergence exercises (conservative and decaying tracer, one and two‐phase flow, DFM and DFN domains). The study culminates in simulations of a two‐phase laboratory experiment in which a fluid invades a simple fracture intersection. The experiment and simulations evoke different invading fluid flow paths by varying fracture apertures as oil invades water‐filled fractures and as water invades air‐filled fractures. Results indicate that the node elimination technique as implemented in numerical model correctly reproduces the long‐term flow path of the invading fluid, but that short‐term temporal effects of the capillary traps and barriers arising from the intersection node are lost.
Tsunamigenic potential of a newly discovered active fault zone in the outer Messina Strait, Southern Italy
Authors: Fu Lili , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Cukur Deniz , Chiocci Francesco L. , Ridente Domenico , Gross Felix , Bialas Jörg , Krastel Sebastian
Published: March 2017

The 1908 Messina tsunami was the most catastrophic tsunami hitting the coastline of Southern Italy in the younger past. The source of this tsunami, however, is still heavily debated, and both rupture along a fault and a slope failure have been postulated as potential origin of the tsunami. Here we report a newly discovered active Fiumefreddo‐Melito di Porto Salvo Fault Zone (F‐MPS_FZ), which is located in the outer Messina Strait in a proposed landslide source area of the 1908 Messina tsunami. Tsunami modeling showed that this fault zone would produce devastating tsunamis by assuming slip amounts of ≥5 m. An assumed slip of up to 17 m could even generate a tsunami comparable to the 1908 Messina tsunami, but we do not consider the F‐MPS_FZ as a source for the 1908 Messina tsunami because its E‐W strike contradicts seismological observations of the 1908 Messina earthquake. Future researches on the F‐MPS_FZ, however, may contribute to the tsunami risk assessment in the Messina Strait.
D
iaminobutyricimonas
Authors: Hamada Moriyuki
Published: March 2017

Di.a.mi.no.bu.ty.ri.ci.mo'nas. N.L. n.
acidum diaminobutyricum
diaminobutyric acid; L. fem. n.
monas
a monad, unit; N.L. fem. n.
Diaminobutyricimonas
a unit [bacterium] with 2,4‐diaminobutyric acid in the peptidoglycan.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Diaminobutyricimonas

Cells are rod shaped. Gram‐stain‐positive, not acid‐fast. Endospores are not formed. Motile. Aerobic. Colonies are smooth, circular, convex, and light yellow. Optimum growth occurs at 30°C and pH 7.0. NaCl in the culture medium may be tolerated up to 5% (w/v). Catalase‐ and oxidase‐negative. The peptidoglycan type is B1β (B8) with
l
‐diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The respiratory quinones are MK‐13, MK‐12, and MK‐14. The cellular fatty acid profile is dominated by the occurrence of iso‐ and anteiso‐branched‐chain acids. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and unknown glycolipids. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the genus is closely related to the genera
Labedella
,
Lysinimonas
, and
Diaminobutyricibacter
.
Diaminobutyricimonas aerilata
is the type and only species representing the genus.
D. aerilata
6408J‐67
T
was isolated from an air sample collected at Jeju Island, Republic of Korea.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 68.3 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Diaminobutyricimonas aerilata
Jang, Kim, Hamada, Tamura, Ahn, Weon, Suzuki and Kwon 2013b, 797
VP
(Effective publication: Jang, Kim, Hamada, Tamura, Ahn, Weon, Suzuki and Kwon 2012, 1050).
G
laciihabitans
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Guang , Li Ai‐Hua
Published: March 2017

Gla.ci.i.ha'bi.tans L. fem. n.
glacies,
ice; L. masc. n.
habitans,
an inhabitant; N.L. masc. n.
Glaciihabitans,
an inhabitant of ice.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Glaciihabitans

Rod‐shaped
cells.
Gram‐stain‐positive
. Nonspore‐forming.
Nonmotile. Strictly aerobic.
Strain is
psychrotolerant
with growth temperature range 0–25°C (optimum growth at 15–20°C). Both
catalase and oxidase are positive
. H
2
S, indole, and urease are not produced. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite.
Cell‐wall peptidoglycan type
belongs to the

B2

β

group

with
diamino acid 2, 4‐diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as the diagnostic diamino acid
.
MK‐10
is the
major respiratory quinone.
The main cellular fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
16:0,
and anteiso A‐C
15:1
. The
predominant polar lipids
are
diphosphatidylglycerol
and
phosphatidyglycerol
, one unknown glycolipid, and four unknown lipids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.1.

Type species
:
Glaciihabitans tibetensis
Li, Liu, Xin, Kim and Zhou 2014, 584
VP
.
G
ryllotalpicola
Authors: Trujillo Martha E.
Published: March 2017

Gryl.lo.tal.pi'co.la. N.L. n.
Gryllotalpa
scientific name of a genus of insects; L. suff. ‐
cola
(from L. masc. or fem. n.
incola
) inhabitant, dweller; N. L. masc. n.
Gryllotalpicola Grylllotalpa
‐dweller, referring to the isolation of strains from the gut of the African mole cricket,
Gryllotalpa africana
.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Gryllotalpicola

Gram‐stain positive,
aerobic
, non‐spore‐forming actinobacterium.
Motility (usually by gliding) is variable
. Colonies on R2A agar are round or irregular, light yellow, yellow, or ivory. Cells are
rod‐ or bowling‐pin shaped
. Optimum growth is mesophilic between 25 and 30°C; the pH range is 4–8 and tolerance to NaCl is variable. The peptidoglycan is of the
type B
with
ornithine
as the diagnostic diamino acid. The main
respiratory quinones are MK‐11 and MK‐10
.
Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphoglycolipids
comprise the main polar lipid profile in addition to several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids, and lipids. The genus belongs to the family
Microbacteriaceae
and is phylogenetically related to the genera
Curtobacterium
,
Rathayibacter,
and
Agromyces
. The genus currently includes six species with
Gryllotalpicola kooreensis
as the type species.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67–72 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Gryllotalpicola koreensis
Kim, Park, Oh, Lee, Chung, Park, Park and Bae 2012, 2368
VP
.
L
utispora
Authors: Shiratori‐Takano Hatsumi , Ueda Kenji
Published: March 2017

Lu.ti.spo'ra. L. n.
lutum
mud, sludge; Gr. fem. n.
spora
a seed and, in biology, a spore; N.L. fem. n.
Lutispora
a spore‐forming organism that lives in anaerobic sludge.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Gracilibacteraceae / Lutispora

Straight or slightly curved rods, about 0.6–0.8 × 5.0–8.5 µm. Gram‐stain negative, but Gram‐positive cell‐wall structure. Weakly motile due to laterally inserted flagella. Spores are oval and subterminal. Obligately anaerobic. Colonies are pale yellow, round, and 1.0–1.5 mm in diameter.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 36.2 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Lutispora thermophila
Shiratrori, Ohiwa, Ikeno, Ayame, Kataoka, Miya, Beppu and Ueda 2008, 968
VP
.
T
epidimicrobium
Authors: Slobodkin Alexander
Published: March 2017

Te.pi.di.mi.cro'bi.um. L. adj.
tepidus
moderately warm; N.L. neut. n
. microbium
microbe; N.L. neut. n.
Tepidimicrobium
a microbe from a hot spring.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Tissierellaceae / Tepidimicrobium

The genus
Tepidimicrobium
consists of two described species,
Tepidimicrobium ferriphilum
and
Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum
, which share 93.8% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Cells of
Tepidimicrobium
spp. are straight to slightly curved rods, 0.4–0.6 µm in diameter and 3.0–10.0 µm in length with Gram‐positive‐type cell wall. Cells occur singly or in short chains and exhibit tumbling motility due to peritrichous flagellation. May form terminal endospores. Members of the genus
Tepidimicrobium
are anaerobic, moderately thermophilic and neutrophilic. The temperature range for growth is 25–67°C. The pH range for growth is 5.5–9.5.
Tepidimicrobium
spp. grow organotrophically on a number of proteinaceous substrates, amino acids, and carbohydrates and reduce 9,10‐anthraquinone 2,6‐disulfonate, Fe(III) citrate, and thiosulfate. Ability to reduce elemental sulfur, fumarate, and selenite is variable. Do not use sulfate, selenate, or oxygen as electron acceptors. May survive exposure to gamma‐radiation at a dose of 5–10 kGy. Species of the genus
Tepidimicrobium
isolated from a freshwater hot spring and a thermophilic anaerobic digester.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 33–37 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Tepidimicrobium ferriphilum
Slobodkin, Tourova, Kostrikina, Lysenko, German, Bonch‐Osmolovskaya and Birkeland, 2006, 371
VP
.
Internal dosimetry for radioembolization therapy with Yttrium‐90 microspheres
Authors: Fallahpoor Maryam , Abbasi Mehrshad , Parach Ali Asghar , Kalantari Faraz
Published: March 2017

The absorbed doses in the liver and adjacent viscera in Yttrium‐90 radioembolization therapy for metastatic liver lesions are not well‐documented. We sought for a clinically practical way to determine the dosimetry of this advent treatment. Six different female XCAT BMIs and seven different male XCAT BMIs were generated. Using Monte Carlo GATE code simulation, the total of 100MBq 90Y was deposited uniformly in the source organ, liver. Self‐irradiation and absorbed doses in lung, kidney and bone marrow were calculated. The mean energy of Yittrium‐90 (i.e., 0.937 MeV) was used. The S‐values and equivalent doses in target organs were estimated. The dose absorbed in the liver was between 84 and 53 Gy and below the target of 80 to 150 Gy. The absorbed dose in the bone marrow, lungs, and kidneys are very low and below 0.1 , 0.4, and 0.5 Gy respectively. Our study indicates that larger activities than the conventional dose of 3 GBq may be both required and safe. Further confirmations in clinical settings are needed.
PMP22 exon 4 deletion causes ER retention of PMP22 and a gain‐of‐function allele in CMT1E
Authors: Wang David S. , Wu Xingyao , Bai Yunhong , Zaidman Craig , Grider Tiffany , Kamholz John , Lupski James R. , Connolly Anne M. , Shy Michael E.
Published: March 2017

Objective

To determine whether predicted fork stalling and template switching (FoSTeS) during mitosis deletes exon 4 in peripheral myelin protein 22 KD (PMP22) and causes gain‐of‐function mutation associated with peripheral neuropathy in a family with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1E.

Methods

Two siblings previously reported to have genomic rearrangements predicted to involve exon 4 of PMP22 were evaluated clinically and by electrophysiology. Skin biopsies from the proband were studied by RT‐PCR to determine the effects of the exon 4 rearrangements on exon 4 mRNA expression in myelinating Schwann cells. Transient transfection studies with wild‐type and mutant PMP22 were performed in Cos7 and RT4 cells to determine the fate of the resultant mutant protein.

Results

Both affected siblings had a sensorimotor dysmyelinating neuropathy with severely slow nerve conduction velocities (<10 m/sec). RT‐PCR studies of Schwann cell RNA from one of the siblings demonstrated a complete in‐frame deletion of PMP22 exon 4 (PMP22Δ4). Transfection studies demonstrated that PMP22Δ4 protein is retained within the endoplasmic reticulum and not transported to the plasma membrane.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that that FoSTeS‐mediated genomic rearrangement produced a deletion of exon 4 of PMP22, resulting in expression of both PMP22 mRNA and protein lacking this sequence. In addition, we provide experimental evidence for endoplasmic reticulum retention of the mutant protein suggesting a gain‐of‐function mutational mechanism consistent with the observed CMT1E in this family. PMP22Δ4 is another example of a mutated myelin protein that is misfolded and contributes to the pathogenesis of the neuropathy.
Asymmetric Strecker Reactions Catalyzed by Thiourea Phosphonium and Ammonium Salts
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Wang Kaiye , Ren Yanfei , Li Na , Tang Bo , Zhao Gang
Published: March 2017

The application of asymmetric phase‐transfer catalysis to the Strecker reaction of ketimines was realized utilizing bifunctional thiourea‐phosphonium salts. The asymmetric Strecker reaction of aldimines was also realized utilizing quaternary ammonium salts derived from amino acids.

magnified image
Access to Fluorescent Azines from N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors and N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Wei Siping , Li Shuangxun , Chen Changyou , He Zhonghong , Du Xi , Wang Li , Zhang Chun , Wang Qin , Pu Lin
Published: March 2017

An efficient synthesis of azines from the reaction of N‐heterocyclic carbene precursors with N‐tosylhydrazones has been developed. This method avoids the direct use of diazo compounds and allows the synthesis of structurally diverse azines. An azine was further found to exhibit strong yellow fluorescence and shows promise as a reagent for biological imaging.

magnified image
Surface Layering and Supersaturation for Top‐Down Nanostructural Development during Spin Coating of Polymer/Fullerene Thin Films
Authors: Wu Wei‐Ru , Su Chun‐Jen , Chuang Wei‐Tsung , Huang Yen‐Chih , Yang Po‐Wei , Lin Po‐Chang , Chen Chun‐Yu , Yang Tsung‐Yu , Su An‐Chung , Wei Kung‐Hwa , Liu Chih‐Ming , Jeng U‐Ser
Published: March 2017

This study provides new evidence on a long postulated mechanism of phase separation in a polymer/fullerene mixture during spin coating for controlled nanodomains of oriented crystallization and heterojunctions that favor applications in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The simultaneous nanoscale phase separation and crystallization during spin coating of the mixture are traced using in situ grazing‐incidence small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Combined with the complimentary results from time‐resolved optical reflectance spectroscopy, transient stratification of the liquid film during the transition from the flow‐ to evaporation‐dominated stage of spin coating is disclosed; the vertical liquid–liquid phase separation incubates a supersaturated skin layer where fullerene aggregation and polymer crystallization occur and develop concomitantly. Shortly after the transition, the near‐surface structural development is largely pinned, leaving the solvent‐rich bottom layer to diminish via solvent diffusion and evaporation through the thickened skin layer that finally condenses into the spin‐coated film upon solvent depletion. The shear‐enhanced surface layering and supersaturation for the surface‐down nanostructural development are unexpected in all the existing structural models for PSCs. The mechanistic understanding of coupled vertical phase separation and local nanosegregation provides new insights and alternative strategy to the morphology control of spin‐cast PSC active layers in particular and various solution‐processed polymeric films in general.
3D Printable Ceramic–Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries with Enhanced Thermal Stability
Authors: Blake Aaron J. , Kohlmeyer Ryan R. , Hardin James O. , Carmona Eric A. , Maruyama Benji , Berrigan John Daniel , Huang Hong , Durstock Michael F.
Published: March 2017

This study establishes an approach to 3D print Li‐ion battery electrolytes with controlled porosity using a dry phase inversion method. This ink formulation utilizes poly(vinyldene fluoride) in a mixture of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (good solvent) and glycerol (weak nonsolvent) to generate porosity during a simple drying step. When a nanosized Al2O3 filler is included in the ink, uniform sub‐micrometer pore formation is attained. In other words, no additional processing steps such as coagulation baths, stretching, or etching are required for full functionality of the electrolyte, which makes it a viable candidate to enable completely additively manufactured Li‐ion batteries. Compared to commercial polyolefin separators, these electrolytes demonstrate comparable high rate electrochemical performance (e.g., 5 C), but possess better wetting characteristics and enhanced thermal stability. Additionally, this dry phase inversion method can be extended to printable composite electrodes, yielding enhanced flexibility and electrochemical performance over electrodes prepared with only good solvent. Finally, sequentially printing this electrolyte ink over a composite electrode via a direct write extrusion technique has been demonstrated while maintaining expected functionality in both layers. These ink formulations are an enabling step toward completely printed batteries and can allow direct integration of a flexible power source in restricted device areas or on nonplanar surfaces.
Police work stressors and cardiac vagal control
Authors: Andrew Michael E. , Violanti John M. , Gu Ja K. , Fekedulegn Desta , Li Shengqiao , Hartley Tara A. , Charles Luenda E. , Mnatsakanova Anna , Miller Diane B. , Burchfiel Cecil M.
Published: March 2017

Objectives

This study examines relationships between the frequency and intensity of police work stressors and cardiac vagal control, estimated using the high frequency component of heart rate variability (HRV).

METHODS

This is a cross‐sectional study of 360 officers from the Buffalo New York Police Department. Police stress was measured using the Spielberger police stress survey, which includes exposure indices created as the product of the self‐evaluation of how stressful certain events were and the self‐reported frequency with which they occurred. Vagal control was estimated using the high frequency component of resting HRV calculated in units of milliseconds squared and reported in natural log scale. Associations between police work stressors and vagal control were examined using linear regression for significance testing and analysis of covariance for descriptive purposes, stratified by gender, and adjusted for age and race/ethnicity.

RESULTS

There were no significant associations between police work stressor exposure indices and vagal control among men. Among women, the inverse associations between the lack of support stressor exposure and vagal control were statistically significant in adjusted models for indices of exposure over the past year (lowest stressor quartile: M = 5.57, 95% CI 5.07 to 6.08, and highest stressor quartile: M = 5.02, 95% CI 4.54 to 5.51, test of association from continuous linear regression of vagal control on lack of support stressor β = −0.273, P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports an inverse association between lack of organizational support and vagal control among female but not male police officers.
Lewis‐Base‐Catalyzed Alkylation Reaction of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins with Allenoates: Regioselective Synthesis of 2H‐[3,2‐c] Furocoumarins and 4‐Hydroxycoumarin Vinyl Ether Derivatives
Authors: Su Qiuling , Qian Houjun , Li Zhengyi , Sun Xiaoqiang , Wang Zhiming
Published: March 2017

A milder, more regioselective and practical approach to C3 or O‐alkylation reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarins has been established. Both 2H‐[3,2‐c] furocoumarins and 4‐hydroxycoumarin vinyl ether derivatives could be efficiently prepared by alkylating 4‐hydroxycoumarins with electron‐deficient allenoates catalyzed by PPh3 and DBU, respectively. The reaction outcomes can be controlled by changing the catalysts, starting with the same reaction substrates. Possible reaction mechanisms have also been proposed
Unexpected Photodegradation of a Phosphaketenyl‐Substituted Germyliumylidene Borate Complex
Authors: Xiong Yun , Yao Shenglai , Szilvási Tibor , Ballestero‐Martínez Ernesto , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Driess Matthias
Published: March 2017

The first zwitterionic borata‐bis(NHC)‐stabilized phosphaketenyl germyliumylidene [(L2(O=C=P)Ge:] 2 (L2=(p‐tolyl)2B[1‐(1‐adamantyl)‐3‐yl‐2‐ylidene]2) has been synthesized by salt‐metathesis reaction of [L2(Cl)Ge:] 1 with sodium phosphaethynolate [(dioxane)nNaOCP]. Unexpectedly, its exposure to UV light affords, after reductive elimination of the entire PCO group, the unprecedented [L2Ge‐GeL2] complex 3 in 54 % yields bearing the Ge22+ ion with Ge in the oxidation state +1. In addition, the 1,3‐digermylium‐2,4‐diphosphacyclobutadiene [L2Ge(μ‐P)2GeL2] 4 and bis(germyliumylidenyl)‐substituted diphosphene [(L2Ge‐P=P‐GeL2)] 5 could also be obtained in moderate yields. The formation of 3–5 and their electronic structures have been elucidated with DFT calculations.
Synthesis of graphene nanosheets modified with the Fe3O4@ phenol formaldehyde resin or PFR nanoparticles for their application in bio‐imagine and thermal treatment
Authors: Yang Ping , Hu Jun , Zhou Xing‐Fu , Xia Jun , Shi Jian‐Jun , He Jie
Published: March 2017

Two different types of graphene‐based composites have been synthesized with simple assays. The multifunctional composites were obtained through loading Fe3O4@phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized with Fe3O4 NPs, hexamethylene‐tetramine, and phenol onto the surface of graphene oxide sheets in the presence of coupling agent. The Fe3O4@PFR loaded graphene oxide composites bring several merits. It prevents PFR NPs aggregation due to the existed graphene oxide but also endows the composites photothermal conversion property. Furthermore, the graphene‐wrapped PFR composites were prepared by mixing oxide graphene and PFR NPs at 110 °C by means of the good reduction of the hydroxyl group on the surface of PFR NPs to graphene. Under the assistance of chitosan, a building block consists of graphene‐wrapped PFR composites could be obtained. Thus, an ideal method may be developed to synthesize graphene‐wrapped PFR composites for constructing building blocks. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45007.
Development of phase morphology in immiscible poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/poly(butylene terephthalate) nanoblends: Mechanical properties and effect of the compatibilizer
Authors: Costa Lidiane Cristina , Ambrósio José Donato , Chinelatto Marcelo Aparecido , Junior Elias Hage
Published: March 2017

Nanoblends were obtained from poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) as a matrix, and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was used as a nanodispersed phase. Compatibilized SAN/PBT blends were prepared by reactive extrusion, and the PBT concentrations ranged between 3 and 30 wt %. Nanoblends were obtained for up to 10 wt % PBT concentrations in the presence of the compatibilizer. With 20 and 30 wt % PBT, the extruded material presented a droplet dispersed phase. The same blends were subjected to an injection‐molding process, which provided a cocontinuous phase morphology. The influence of the concentration of the dispersed phase and the type of morphology on the mechanical behavior of tensile test, flexural test, impact test, and deflection temperature of the blends was analyzed. The results show an important reduction in the particle size of the dispersed phase, which was due to the presence of the compatibilizer. Furthermore, the type of morphology and an excess of compatibilizer exerted a stronger influence on the mechanical properties than the particle size of the dispersed phase. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45030.
Development of acrylic‐based powder coatings with incorporation of montmorillonite clays
Authors: Catarina Gilmar Antônio Santa , Borsoi Cleide , Romanzini Daiane , Piazza Diego , Kunst Sandra Raquel , Scienza Lisete Cristine , Zattera Ademir José
Published: March 2017

Powder coatings have been receiving attention because they are environmentally friendly. They do not contain solvents in their composition, and their components have decorative and corrosion‐protection functions, among many others. However, the presence of polymers in their composition increases the risk of combustion in adverse situations. In this context, this study aims to develop and characterize acrylic‐based powder paints with the addition of 2 wt % and 4 wt % montmorillonite clays (MMT) as Cloisite 30B (MMT‐30B) and Cloisite 15A (MTT‐15A), employed as flame retardants. The characterization of the coatings was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. After application of the coatings on carbon steel substrates, flammability tests were performed. The coatings with 2 wt % MMT‐30B showed overall better results, especially in the flammability tests. Flames spread less on these coatings than on the other systems. However, when the surface and bottom temperatures were analyzed by the cone calorimeter test, the samples prepared with 4 wt % MMT‐15A were considered safer to be applied in fire scenarios. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45031.
Preparation of a biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol)–starch composite film and its application in pesticide controlled release
Authors: Wang Song , Jia Zhixin , Zhou Xiangyang , Zhou Dunbai , Chen Mingzhou , Xie Dong , Luo Yuanfang , Jia Demin
Published: March 2017

With the herbicide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) as a model drug, a series of poly(vinyl alcohol)–starch (PVA–ST) composite films for controlled drug release were prepared by a casting method. The morphology, structure, and release properties were systematically investigated. The results show that when the PVA–ST composite film containing 2,4‐D (PSD) was immersed in water, the drug‐release rate was high, whereas the introduction of sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) and an alginate ion‐crosslinking structure to PSD significantly reduced the release rate and maintained the sustained release of the model drug for a longer period. A leaching experiment through the soil layer showed that the PSD drug‐loaded film with Na‐MMT and the alginate ion‐crosslinking structure (PSDMA) possessed good release properties. The cumulative leached amount of the herbicide 2,4‐D after eight irrigations was reduced to 57.6% from 100%. In addition, the PSDMA film showed favorable mechanical and thermal properties. This composite film is expected to have potential applications in the fields of agriculture, drug delivery, and more. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45051.
Preparation and performance of braid‐reinforced poly(vinyl chloride) hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Liu Hailiang , Wang Shiqian , Mao Jianyue , Xiao Changfa , Huang Qinglin
Published: March 2017

A novel braid‐reinforced (BR) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) hollow fiber membrane was fabricated via dry‐wet spinning process. The mixtures of PVC polymer solutions were uniformly coated on the tubular braid which contained polyester (PET) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The influences of braid composition on structure and performance of BR PVC hollow fiber membranes were investigated. The results showed that the prepared BR PVC hollow fiber membranes were composed of two layers which contained separation layer and tubular braid supported layer when the PET and PET/PAN hybrid tubular braids were used as the reinforcement. But the sandwich structure appeared when the PAN tubular braid was used as the reinforcement, which revealed outer separation layer, tubular braid supported layer and the inner polymer layer. The BR PVC hollow fiber membranes that prepared by PET/PAN hybrid tubular braid had favorable interfacial bonding state compared with the membrane prepared by pure PET or PAN tubular braid. The pure water flux of the BR PVC hollow fiber membranes that prepared by the PET/PAN hybrid tubular braid were lower than that prepared by pure PET or PAN tubular braid, but the rejection of Bovine serum albumin was opposite. The tensile strength of prepared BR PVC hollow fiber membrane was higher than 50 MPa. Both of the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with the increase of the PAN filaments in the PET/PAN hybrid tubular braid. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45068.
Development of the Endocrine Pancreas in the Beagle Dog: From Fetal to Adult Life
Authors: Bricout‐Neveu Emilie , Pechberty Severine , Reynaud Karine , Maenhoudt Cindy , José Lecomte Marie , Ravassard Philippe , Czernichow Paul
Published: March 2017

Our objectives were to describe, in Beagle dogs, the ontogenesis of beta (insulin‐producing) and alpha (glucagon‐producing) cells from fetal to early postnatal life and adulthood. In addition, to have some insight into interspecies comparison, Beagle dog pancreases were compared to pancreases from a Labrador and Chow Chow. At midgestation, the epithelium was dense, beta cells scarce, and alpha cells numerous and concentrated in the center of the pancreatic bud. From 36 to 45 days post conception (pc), beta cell numbers increased and the epithelium expanded and branched out. At 55 days pc, large beta cell aggregates were seen. At weaning, the islets were similar to those in adults, with limited alpha cells intermingled with numerous beta cells. Quantification of the Alpha to Beta cells ratio has shown a gradual increase of beta cells proportion throughout development. Similar findings were obtained in the two other breeds. In conclusion, in the fetal Beagle dog beta cells emerge from the pancreatic bud at midgestation, but the endocrine structure is mature only in early postnatal life. The ontogenesis of the endocrine pancreas demonstrated in dogs resembles that reported in rats and mice. In contrast, human beta cells appear earlier, at the beginning of the second trimester of gestation. Our study provides a detailed morphological description of pancreatic development in dogs but supplies no information on alpha‐ or beta‐cell function during fetal life. The morphological data reported here provide a foundation for building physiological studies. Anat Rec, 300:1429–1438, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adding the dimension of knowledge trading to source impact assessment: Approaches, indicators, and implications
Authors: Yan Erjia , Zhu Yongjun
Published: March 2017

The objective of this paper is to systematically assess sources' (e.g., journals and proceedings) impact in knowledge trading. While there have been efforts at evaluating different aspects of journal impact, the dimension of knowledge trading is largely absent. To fill the gap, this study employed a set of trading‐based indicators, including weighted degree centrality, Shannon entropy, and weighted betweenness centrality, to assess sources' trading impact. These indicators were applied to several time‐sliced source‐to‐source citation networks that comprise 33,634 sources indexed in the Scopus database. The results show that several interdisciplinary sources, such as Nature, PLoS One, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and Science, and several specialty sources, such as Lancet, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal of Biological Chemistry, and New England Journal of Medicine, have demonstrated their marked importance in knowledge trading. Furthermore, this study also reveals that, overall, sources have established more trading partners, increased their trading volumes, broadened their trading areas, and diversified their trading contents over the past 15 years from 1997 to 2011. These results inform the understanding of source‐level impact assessment and knowledge diffusion.
Synergy with new radio facilities: From LOFAR to SKA
Authors: Morganti R.
Published: March 2017

Radio astronomy is going through major changes and new radio telescopes are coming online, paving the way to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Their new capabilities—e.g., large field of view combined with good spatial resolution, broad instantaneous band, and fast response to transient objects—offer unique possibilities for the science. I will give a brief overview of these facilities, focusing mostly on LOFAR (LOw Frequency Array) and on the topics where a strong synergy with XMM (and X‐ray in general) is present. I will describe the imaging surveys that are ongoing and the possibilities for the studies of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and galaxy clusters. New exciting capabilities are also becoming available for the study of the transient radio sky. Thanks to the rapid response of the new radio telescopes, radio frequencies will provide alerts on new transients and trigger other facilities. All these capabilities (and more) will be incorporated in the SKA. The entire project is evolving and progressing rapidly, and I will give a brief update of its present status.
Bautechnikgeschichte in Deutschland
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen , Lorenz Werner
Published: March 2017

In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten hat Bautechnikgeschichte in der deutschen wie in der internationalen Wissenschaftslandschaft auf vielen Ebenen an Gewicht und Prägnanz gewonnen, in Lehre und Forschung ebenso wie in Publikationen, Tagungen und Vortragsreihen. 2004 war ein erster Statusbericht „Construction History in Europe” erschienen, zu dem Karl‐Eugen Kurrer einen Überblick zum Stand und zu den Perspektiven der Bautechnikgeschichte in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz beigetragen hatte. Im Folgenden wird über die disziplinäre Ausdifferenzierung, die institutionelle und personale Verankerung sowie die Forschungsnetzwerke der Bautechnikgeschichte in Deutschland berichtet, die sich seitdem weiterentwickelt haben. Es zeigt sich, dass die Bautechnikgeschichte in ihrer disziplinären Genese zwischenzeitlich die Konstituierungsphase hinter sich gelassen hat und bereits in die Etablierungsphase eingetreten ist.
Dual display of proteins on the yeast cell surface simplifies quantification of binding interactions and enzymatic bioconjugation reactions
Authors: Lim Sungwon , Glasgow Jeff E. , Filsinger Interrante Maria , Storm Erica M. , Cochran Jennifer R.
Published: March 2017

Yeast surface display, a well‐established technology for protein analysis and engineering, involves expressing a protein of interest as a genetic fusion to either the N‐ or C‐terminus of the yeast Aga2p mating protein. Historically, yeast‐displayed protein variants are flanked by peptide epitope tags that enable flow cytometric measurement of construct expression using fluorescent primary or secondary antibodies. Here, we built upon this technology to develop a new yeast display strategy that comprises fusion of two different proteins to Aga2p, one to the N‐terminus and one to the C‐terminus. This approach allows an antibody fragment, ligand, or receptor to be directly coupled to expression of a fluorescent protein readout, eliminating the need for antibody‐staining of epitope tags to quantify yeast protein expression levels. We show that this system simplifies quantification of protein‐protein binding interactions measured on the yeast cell surface. Moreover, we show that this system facilitates co‐expression of a bioconjugation enzyme and its corresponding peptide substrate on the same Aga2p construct, enabling enzyme expression and catalytic activity to be measured on the surface of yeast.
Engineering oxidative stress defense pathways to build a robust lipid production platform in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Xu Peng , Qiao Kangjian , Stephanopoulos Gregory
Published: March 2017

Microbially derived lipids have recently attracted renewed interests due to their broad applications in production of green diesels, cosmetic additives, and oleochemicals. Metabolic engineering efforts have targeted a large portfolio of biosynthetic pathways to efficiently convert sugar to lipids in oleaginous yeast. In the engineered overproducing strains, endogenous cell metabolism typically generates harmful electrophilic molecules that compromise cell fitness and productivity. Lipids, particularly unsaturated fatty acids, are highly susceptible to oxygen radical attack and the resulting oxidative species are detrimental to cell metabolism and limit lipid productivity. In this study, we investigated cellular oxidative stress defense pathways in Yarrowia lipolytica to further improve the lipid titer, yield, and productivity. Specifically, we determined that coupling glutathione disulfide reductase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase along with aldehyde dehydrogenase are efficient solutions to combat reactive oxygen and aldehyde stress in Y. lipolytica. With the reported engineering strategies, we were able to synchronize cell growth and lipid production, improve cell fitness and morphology, and achieved industrially‐relevant level of lipid titer (72.7 g/L), oil content (81.4%) and productivity (0.97 g/L/h) in controlled bench‐top bioreactors. The strategies reported here represent viable steps in the development of sustainable biorefinery platforms that potentially upgrade low value carbons to high value oleochemicals and biofuels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1521–1530. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyclonal and monoclonal IgG binding on protein A resins—Evidence of competitive binding effects
Authors: Weinberg Justin , Zhang Shaojie , Crews Gillian , Healy Edward , Carta Giorgio , Przybycien Todd
Published: March 2017

Protein A (ProA) chromatography is used extensively in the biopharmaceutical industry for the selective capture of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This work provides a comparison of the adsorptive behavior of a highly heterogeneous polyclonal hIgG versus that of a mAb as well as the behavior of their mixtures on representative ProA resins. Both pH gradient elution and frontal loading experiments using human polyclonal IgG (hIgG) reveal a distribution of IgG‐ProA binding strengths likely associated with multiple IgG subclasses and the heterogeneity of the variable region. pH gradient analysis of fractions collected along the breakthrough curve demonstrate a clear progression from weaker binding (higher pH eluting) to stronger binding (lower pH eluting) IgG species leaving the column suggesting the possibility of stronger binding species displacing the weaker binding ones. Displacement is directly observed by visualizing the adsorption of fluorescently labeled mAb and hIgG using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Here, the displacement of hIgG results in a broad adsorption front compared to the sharp, “shrinking core” behavior typically observed with mAbs. Sequential CLSM adsorption experiments with a mAb and hIgG confirm that stronger or equivalent‐binding hIgG species are able to displace and desorb bound mAb molecules. These phenomena are examined using a variety of ProA resins including CaptivA PriMAB, MabSelect, and MabSelect SuRe to understand the effect of different ligand properties on binding strength and competition among different IgG species. The results of these comparisons suggest that the competition kinetics are slower with ligands that have a single‐point covalent attachment to the base matrix compared to a multi‐point attachment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1803–1812. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of acetabular version based on biplanar radiographs with 3D reconstructions in comparison to CT as reference standard in cadavers
Authors: Agten Christoph A. , Jonczy Maciej , Ullrich Oliver , Pfirrmann Christian W.A. , Sutter Reto , Buck Florian M.
Published: March 2017

To quantify acetabular version using 3 D reconstructions based on biplanar radiographs (BPR) with CT as reference standard. No institutional review board approval was needed. Nine dry‐bone pelvises underwent BPR in five different positions (rotation/tilt). The 3 D models of each pelvis were reconstructed by two radiologists on the basis of anatomical landmarks using semi‐automated software. Automated software was used to assess the 3 D models and to calculate acetabular versions perpendicular to the anterior pelvic plane on all levels in the craniocaudal direction in 1 mm steps. Transverse CT images perpendicular to the anterior pelvic plain were reconstructed through the acetabulum in 1 mm steps. Both readers measured acetabular version on each image. Inter‐reader agreement was calculated. Measurements based on BPR and CT were compared. Inter‐reader agreement was almost perfect for BPR‐based acetabular version measurements (ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient) = 0.920, P < 0.0005) and CT (ICC = 0.990, P < 0.0005). Correlation of acetabular versions between the five BPR‐positions was substantial/almost perfect (ICC = 0.722–0.887 and 0.749–0.872 for readers 1 and 2, respectively; most P < 0.0005). The acetabular version measurements between the ap‐positioning from BPR and CT showed moderate agreement (mean CCC (concordance correlation coefficient) = 0.733 for reader 1, CCC = 0.755 for reader 2). Acetabular version on multiple levels can be measured using BPR and dedicated post‐processing software and is relatively independent of pelvic rotation and tilt. Clin. Anat. 30:591–598, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The clinical view for dissection of the lingual nerve with application to minimizing iatrogenic injury
Authors: Iwanaga Joe
Published: March 2017

The importance of the position of the lingual nerve in the oral cavity cannot be understated for dentists and oral surgeons. Therefore, the location of the lingual nerve with various positions of the tongue is important. However, most dental and medical students are taught oral cadaveric anatomy where tissues are fixed. Therefore, the focus of this article is to demonstrate how the lingual nerve moves based on tongue movement in fresh tissues and how this is important for dentists and oral surgeons. Clin. Anat. 30:467–469, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Basketball coach receives millions in termination lawsuit
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: March 2017

In her 16 years (two eight‐year stints) as head coach of the women's basketball team at San Diego State University, Beth Burns led the Aztecs to a 295–186 overall record and eight appearances in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Tournament. Burns was terminated in April 2013, after a program‐record 27‐win season and in the first year of a five‐year contract.
Was an assistant AD treated unfairly because of his race?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: March 2017

Rodney Hampton became assistant athletic director — and head men's basketball coach — at Snead State Community College in 2010.
Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by a DMSO‐like Polymeric Solid Organocatalyst
Authors: Guo Xiawei , Tang Jinqiang , Xiang Bo , Zhu Liangfang , Yang Huaqing , Hu Changwei
Published: March 2017

Novel polymeric solid catalysts, Au@(polythiophene–polythiophene oxides) (Au@PTh–PThOx, x=1–2), are prepared by chemical over‐oxidative polymerization of thiophene in the presence of Au nanoparticles. These organocatalysts show significantly higher activity than their liquid analogs (i.e., DMSO, a frequently‐used solvent and catalyst) for the catalytic dehydration of fructose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and exhibit a complete inhibiting effect on HMF rehydration to undesired levulinic acid in low‐boiling solvents. We demonstrate that the sulfoxide (‐SO) group in Au@PTh–PThOx is more active than the sulfone (‐SO2) group, although the formation of the former could be maximized by lowering the concentration of surfactant or improving the concentration of oxidant used in catalyst preparation. The highest HMF yields of 72.6 % and 39.7 % are achieved over Au@PTh–PThO catalyst in 1,4‐dioxane and water, respectively. This catalyst could be completely recycled for use in water without activity loss.
Bimetallic Nickel‐Iridium and Nickel‐Osmium Alloy Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Performance in Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Egeberg Alexander , Dietrich Christine , Kind Christian , Popescu Radian , Gerthsen Dagmar , Behrens Silke , Feldmann Claus
Published: March 2017

Bimetallic NiIr4 and NiOs4 alloy nanoparticles are prepared and studied with regard to their performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. NiIr4 and NiOs4 nanoparticles are obtained by oleylamine‐driven reduction and exhibit mean diameters of (8.9±1.3) and (6.8±1.4) nm at low agglomeration. The phase composition was determined in detail by using different methods, which include high‐resolution TEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy, selected‐area electron diffraction, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. This and results in a uniform distribution of both metals Ni‐Ir and Ni‐Os with a ratio of 1:4. The catalytic performance of the NiIr4 and NiOs4 nanoparticles for hydrogenation reactions is evaluated using three selected model substrates: 1‐octene, cinnamaldehyde, and diphenylacetylene. Similar sized Ni, Ir, and Os nanoparticles were used as references. Most remarkable are the excellent selectivity of NiOs4 in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde and the promising formation of (Z)‐stilbene in terms of conversion activity and selectivity. The alloying of Ir and Os with Ni, moreover, is highly cost efficient. In general, both bimetallic alloy nanoparticles, NiIr4 and NiOs4, are shown here for the first time in terms of synthesis, composition, and catalytic hydrogenation.
The Influence of Water on the Performance of Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts in Hydrodeoxygenation Reactions: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Engelhardt Jan , Lyu Pengbo , Nachtigall Petr , Schüth Ferdi , García Ángel Morales
Published: March 2017

Understanding the deactivation of transition‐metal carbide catalysts during hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions is of great importance for improving the production of the second generation fuels from biomass. Based on a combined experimental and theoretical study, we present a mechanistic model for the deactivation of molybdenum carbide catalysts during phenol HDO in the presence of water. At increased water pressure, water molecules preferentially bind to the surface, and active sites are no longer accessible for phenol. In line with first principle calculations, experiments reveal that this process is fully reversible because the reduction of the water partial pressure results in a threefold increase in conversion. The direct deoxygenation of phenol was calculated to be the most favorable pathway, which is governed by the structure of the phenol adsorption complex on the surface at high hydrogen coverage. This is consistent with the experimentally observed high benzene selectivity (85 %) for phenol HDO over MoCx/HCS (hollow carbon spheres) catalyst.
Amperometric Detection of Apoptosis by using p‐Methoxyaniline‐Conjugated Substrate for Caspase‐3
Authors: Sixiang Sun , Inoue Kumi Y. , Shiomoto Shusaku , Takano Shinichiro , Ino Kosuke , Shiku Hitoshi , Matsue Tomokazu
Published: March 2017

This manuscript reports on a novel substrate for the amperometric detection of cellular apoptosis, Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp‐p‐methoxyaniline (DEVD‐pMA). This substrate showed electrochemical inertia from −0.2 to 0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), but was cleaved by caspase‐3, releasing pMA, which was detected with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Compared with p‐aminophenol (pAP), pMA showed lower toxicity to the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and higher stability in PBS. By using this substrate, we successfully detected caspase‐3 in the range of 0.31–2.5×10−2 units/mL and cellular apoptosis in HepG2 cells by using simple amperometry without cell lysis. This work will help to develop a simple method for the electrochemical monitoring of apoptosis, which can be applied in biological research and drug development.