bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different depths of food restriction and high‐fat diet refeeding in mice impact host obesity and metabolic phenotypes with correlative changes in the gut microbiota
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Xu Huangru , Yang Feiyan , Xie Yawen , Cai Fangfang , Mao Siyu , Lu Min , Zhuang Hongqin , Hua Zi‐Chun
Published: July 2024

Overweight and obesity affect almost 2 billion adults worldwide, and food restriction (FR) is commonly used to reduce body fat. Whether refeeding (Re) after FR at different ages and to different degrees leads to overweight and its possible mechanisms are uncertain. In this study, adult and young mice were both restricted to 15% and 40% of their casual food intake, and then were fed 60% high‐fat chow (FR15%–Re, FR40%–Re), whereas the control groups(CON) consumed high‐fat or normal food throughout, respectively. The results of the study suggest that mild FR‐heavy feeding may lead to more significant abnormal fat accumulation, liver damage, and increased recruitment of intestinal inflammatory factors and immune cells in mice of different ages and involves multiple types of alterations in the gut microbiota. Further fecal transplantation experiments as well as serum and liver enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay experiments preliminarily suggest that the link between lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses and the gut microbiota may be related to the regulation of the gut and live by Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐Alpha(PPAR‐α). In addition, our study may also serve as a reference for studying obesity prevention and treatment programs at different ages.
Artificial intelligence enabled smart design and manufacturing of advanced materials: The endless Frontier in AI+ era
Authors: Wang William Yi , Zhang Suyang , Li Gaonan , Lu Jiaqi , Ren Yong , Wang Xinchao , Gao Xingyu , Su Yanjing , Song Haifeng , Li Jinshan
Published: July 2024

Future‐oriented Science & Technology (S&T) Strategies trigger the innovative developments of advanced materials, providing an envision to the significant progress of leading‐/cutting‐edge science, engineering, and technologies for the next few decades. Motivated by Made in China 2025 and New Material Power Strategy by 2035, several key viewpoints about automated research workflows for accelerated discovery and smart manufacturing of advanced materials in terms of AI for Science and main respective of big data, database, standards, and ecosystems are discussed. Referring to classical toolkits at various spatial and temporal scales, AI‐based toolkits and AI‐enabled computations for material design are compared, highlighting the dominant role of the AI agent paradigm. Our recent developed ProME platform together with its functions is introduced briefly. A case study of AI agent assistant welding is presented, which is consisted of the large language model, auto‐coding via AI agent, image processing, image mosaic, and machine learning for welding defect detection. Finally, more duties are called to educate the next generation workforce with creative minds and skills. It is believed that the transformation of knowledge‐enabled data‐driven integrated computational material engineering era to AI+ era promotes the transformation of smart design and manufacturing paradigm from “designing the materials” to “designing with materials.”
Broadband ridge waveguide to rectangular waveguide transition design in D‐band
Authors: Xu Jingsong , Yang Qian , Guo Cheng , Wang Zhen , Shi Guanghua , Zhang Anxue
Published: July 2024

This article presents a D‐band (110–170 GHz) double ridge waveguide (WG) to standard rectangular WG transition with an E‐bend near the WG end. The transition incorporates metal ridge steps as impedance transformers, resulting in a compact total size of 3.53 mm × 1.95 mm × 1 mm. Fabricated using micro metal additive manufacturing with copper in a monolithic back‐to‐back configuration, the transition demonstrates a bandwidth of 50% (105–175 GHz) with an average insertion loss of 0.72 dB and return loss better than 15 dB, respectively. Measurement results align closely with simulation expectations, with deviations attributed to fabrication and assembly errors.
Coupled finite element analysis of the dynamics of poroelastic media considering the relative fluid acceleration
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Uzuoka Ryosuke , Ueda Kyohei
Published: July 2024

This paper mainly discusses the dynamics of poroelastic media using the finite element analysis based on the u‐v‐p full formulation, where , , and p denote the solid displacement, relative fluid velocity with respect to solid velocity, and pore fluid pressure. It incorporates the effect of relative fluid acceleration with respect to solid acceleration on soil dynamic response. The ‐‐p formulation is first verified through the comparison with the analytical solution. After that, the response of one‐dimensional saturated soil column and two‐dimensional partially saturated soil layer subjected to vertical loading with different combinations of soil permeability and loading frequency are investigated using the analyses with the ‐‐p and ‐p formulations, based on which the effect of relative pore fluid motion is discussed and the differences in the soil response between two kinds of analysis approaches are examined. Results reveal that the rapid fluid flow has a pronounced effect on soil dynamics and the soil with a greater degree of saturation is more sensitive to the increase of loading frequency and soil permeability. The soil dynamic response can basically be divided into two main categories that represent insignificant and significant flow motion depending on loading frequency and soil permeability. Furthermore, despite vertical loading, horizontal soil response can also be affected by the large relative pore fluid flow when loading frequency and soil permeability are large. In addition, the simplified formulation can still be applicable to predict dynamics of poroelastic media in cases with high loading frequency and low soil permeability.
Effect of wettability on the void formation during liquid infusion into fibers
Authors: Turner Jared , Lippert Daniel , Seo Dongjin , Grasinger Matthew , George Andy
Published: July 2024

Liquid composite molding (LCM) is a promising option for low‐cost manufacturing of high‐performance composites compared to traditional prepreg‐autoclave methods. Void formation may be the most significant roadblock to such adaptation of LCM. In this article, the hypothesis that higher wettability, that is, lower contact angles of liquid on solids, would lead to lower void content for LCM is tested. First, a theory that calculates the energy required to form a bubble with varying contact angles is formulated by considering interfacial energy differences of a system with and without it. To experimentally prove this hypothesis, six different carbon fiber reinforcement samples were prepared each with a different fiber surface treatment. The wettability from the surface treatments was evaluated with contact angle measurements based on capillary rise between two fiber yarns. Void formation in situ during infusion was evaluated by a series of 1D infusion experiments using the same six surface modifications. Of the six samples, the reinforcements coated with fluorinated alkane and aminosilane showed the highest wettability and lowest void content, confirming that a lower contact angle can reduce the formation of voids during the infusion process.

Highlights

Higher wettability was correlated with less bubble (void) formation.

Theoretical model and LCM experimental confirmation.

Various surface modifications of carbon fibers tested.

Potential application: enhancement of properties from LCM manufactured parts.
Effect of respiratory microflorae colonization on short and long‐time outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: A scoping review
Authors: Gan Lidan , Liu Enmei , Deng Yu
Published: July 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an essential cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children under 2 years of age, especially under 6 months. In decades, studies have shown that the respiratory tract microflorae with RSV infection were related to disease severity and played a role in the development of recurrent wheezing, but the effect of respiratory microflorae on RSV infection are still underestimated. This study aims to conclude the effect of respiratory microflorae colonization on RSV infectious disease severity and recurrent wheezing and provide suggestions for future research directions from the perspective of respiratory tract florae. We conducted a scoping review. Studies were eligible if they reported on the effect of microflorae on RSV infectious diseases among children. We exacted the following information: title, publication time, first author's country, and article type. We finally included 33 articles in this scoping review. The number of studies rapidly increased since 2013 and the highest number of hospitalizations were reported in children <2 years. More than half (69.70%) were conducted in America and most studies are original studies (57.58%). The Review highlighted that the respiratory microflorae played an important role in RSV infectious disease severity and recurrent wheezing. We found that Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn), Haemophilus influenza (HI), Moraxella catarrhalis (M.ca), and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) were the dominant profiles in children with RSV infection. Understanding the respective role of respiratory microflorae on RSV infection and its mechanisms would improve prevention and treatment strategies from the perspective of microflorae.
Weathering the storm: Effect of climate change on acute stroke care and stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Jones Erica M. , Venkatachalam Aardhra M. , Ifejika Nneka L.
Published: July 2024

Climate change has deleterious effects on stroke recovery, disproportionately affecting populations with increased stroke incidence. These effects start prior to the acute care hospitalization, precipitated by environmental etiologies and are sustained throughout the life course of stroke survivors. Health care practitioners play a critical role in identifying these concerns and mitigating their impact through effective strategies at the patient level, interventions at the community level, and advocacy at the state and federal level. As the experts on improvement in function, quality of life, and the mitigation of disability, physiatrists have the opportunity to lead efforts in this space for stroke survivors and their caregivers.
Effects of combined anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and motor control exercise on cortical topography and muscle activation in individuals with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Sornkaew Kanphajee , Thu Khin Win , Silfies Sheri P. , Klomjai Wanalee , Wattananon Peemongkon
Published: July 2024

Background

Aberrant movement in chronic low back pain (CLBP) is associated with a deficit in the lumbar multifidus (LM) and changes in cortical topography. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a‐tDCS) can be used to enhance cortical excitability by priming the neuromuscular system for motor control exercise (MCE), thereby enhancing LM activation and movement control. This study aimed to determine the effects of a 6‐week MCE program combined with a‐tDCS on cortical topography, LM activation, movement patterns, and clinical outcomes in individuals with CLBP.

Methods

Twenty‐two individuals with CLBP were randomly allocated to the a‐tDCS group (a‐tDCS; n = 12) or sham‐tDCS group (s‐tDCS; n = 10). Both groups received 20 min of tDCS followed by 30 min of MCE. The LM and erector spinae (ES) cortical topography, LM activation, movement control battery tests, and clinical outcomes (disability and quality of life) were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention.

Results

Significant interaction (group × time; p < 0.01) was found in the distance between LM and ES cortical locations. The a‐tDCS group demonstrated significantly fewer discrete peaks (p < 0.05) in both ES and LM and significant improvements (p < 0.05) in clinical outcomes post‐intervention. The s‐tDCS group demonstrated a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of discrete peaks in the LM cortical topography. No significant changes (p > 0.05) in LM activation were observed in either group; however, both groups demonstrated improved movement patterns.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that combined a‐tDCS with MCE can separate LM and ES locations over time while s‐tDCS (MCE alone) reduces the distance. Our study did not find superior benefits of adding a‐tDCS before MCE for LM activation, movement patterns, or clinical outcomes.
Novel Pharmaceuticals in Appetite Regulation: Exploring emerging gut peptides and their pharmacological prospects
Authors: Rubinić Igor , Kurtov Marija , Likić Robert
Published: July 2024

Obesity, a global health challenge, necessitates innovative approaches for effective management. Targeting gut peptides in the development of anti‐obesity pharmaceuticals has already demonstrated significant efficacy. Ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and amylin are crucial in appetite regulation offering promising targets for pharmacological interventions in obesity treatment using both peptide‐based and small molecule‐based pharmaceuticals. Ghrelin, a sole orexigenic gut peptide, has a potential for anti‐obesity therapies through various approaches, including endogenous ghrelin neutralization, ghrelin receptor antagonists, ghrelin O‐acyltransferase, and functional inhibitors. Anorexigenic gut peptides, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and amylin, have exhibited appetite‐reducing effects in animal models and humans. Overcoming substantial obstacles is imperative for translating these findings into clinically effective pharmaceuticals. Peptide YY and cholecystokinin analogues, characterized by prolonged half‐life and resistance to proteolytic enzymes, present viable options. Positive allosteric modulators emerge as a novel approach for modulating the cholecystokinin pathway. Amylin is currently the most promising, with both amylin analogues and dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) progressing to advanced stages of clinical trials. Despite persistent challenges, innovative pharmaceutical strategies provide a glimpse into the future of anti‐obesity therapies.
Boric acid toxic sugar bait suppresses male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): wing beat frequency and amplitude, flight activity, fecundity, insemination, and mate‐finding Allee effect
Authors: Chiu Meng‐Chieh , Huang In‐Bo , Yu Jin‐Jia , Liao Yi‐Chang , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Neoh Kok‐Boon
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Controlling the spread of arboviral diseases remains a considerable challenge due to the rapid development of insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes. This study evaluated the effects of boric acid‐containing toxic sugar bait (TSB) on field populations of resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In addition, this study examined the flight activity and wing beat frequency and amplitude of males and the flight activity, fecundity, and insemination of females after pairing with males exposed to TSB. The population dynamics of Aedes mosquitoes under imbalanced sex ratios were examined to simulate realistic field conditions for male suppression under the effect of TSB.

RESULTS

The mortality of male mosquitoes was consistently high within 24 h after exposure. By contrast, the mortality of female mosquitoes was inconsistent, with over 70% mortality observed at 168 h. The flight activity and wing beat amplitude of treated males were significantly lower than those of controls, but no significant difference in wing beat frequency was detected. The fecundity and insemination of treated female mosquitoes were lower than those of controls. A simulation study indicated that considerably low male population densities led to mating failures, triggering a mate‐finding Allee effect and resulting in persistently low population levels.

CONCLUSION

Boric acid‐containing TSB could effectively complement current chemical intervention approaches to control resistant mosquito populations. TSB is effective in reducing field male populations and impairing male flight activity and female‐seeking behavior, resulting in decreased fecundity and insemination. Male suppression due to TSB potentially results in a small mosquito population. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Process Model for SiC Oxidation for a Large Range of Conditions
Authors: Zechner Christoph , Johnsson Anna , Fidler Tamara , Schmid Patrick
Published: July 2024

A comprehensive process model for 4H‐SiC oxidation is created and calibrated against a very large collection of experimental data. The model reproduces measured oxide thickness for Si‐face, C‐face, and a‐face SiC wafers, in the temperature range 950–1500 °C, in the pressure range 0.25–4.0 atm, in the thickness range 3–1600 nm, and for SiC doping ranging between 1019 cm−3 n‐type and 1019 cm−3 p‐type. The model is based on the Massoud model: Oxidation is driven by oxidants (O2, H2O) which are present in the gas phase, diffuse through the oxide, and form SiO2 at the oxide–SiC interface. For thin oxides, the interface reaction rate includes empirical correction terms which add to the oxidation rate, and which asymptotically approach zero with increasing oxide thickness. For dry oxidation, a remarkable dependence on the O2 partial pressure is discovered: For thick oxides, the oxidation rate scales linearly with the pressure, but the correction term for thin oxides scales with the square root of the pressure. This suggests that the atomistic processes responsible for the fast initial growth of oxides involve the splitting of O2 molecules into two O atoms.
Sample Size Estimation Using a Partially Clustered Frailty Model for Biomarker‐Strategy Designs With Multiple Treatments
Authors: Dinart Derek , Rondeau Virginie , Bellera Carine
Published: July 2024

Biomarker‐guided therapy is a growing area of research in medicine. To optimize the use of biomarkers, several study designs including the biomarker‐strategy design (BSD) have been proposed. Unlike traditional designs, the emphasis here is on comparing treatment strategies and not on treatment molecules as such. Patients are assigned to either a biomarker‐based strategy (BBS) arm, in which biomarker‐positive patients receive an experimental treatment that targets the identified biomarker, or a non‐biomarker‐based strategy (NBBS) arm, in which patients receive treatment regardless of their biomarker status. We proposed a simulation method based on a partially clustered frailty model (PCFM) as well as an extension of Freidlin formula to estimate the sample size required for BSD with multiple targeted treatments. The sample size was mainly influenced by the heterogeneity of treatment effect, the proportion of biomarker‐negative patients, and the randomization ratio. The PCFM is well suited for the data structure and offers an alternative to traditional methodologies.
ϵ$$ \epsilon $$‐Nash equilibrium of non‐cooperative Lagrangian dynamic games based on the average sub‐gradient robust integral sliding mode control
Authors: Hernandez Sanchez Alejandra , Poznyak Alexander , Chairez Isaac
Published: July 2024

In non‐cooperative multi‐player games, an average sub‐gradient (ASG) strategy for finding an ‐Nash equilibrium. For convex (but not necessarily strictly convex) individual cost functions, the function convergence of the multi‐player game is demonstrated. Applying Tanaka's formula that characterizes the Nash equilibrium leads to finding the strategy for each player. A min‐max formulation defines the corresponding solution for each player. The main result is proving the reachability of the desired regime, obtaining an explicit upper bound for Tanaka's function decrement. Detailed analyses for two‐player and multi‐player games are developed. For a class of two‐player games with a convex performance function, a set of numerical studies shows the applicability of the proposed method. So, the tracking of the arm in 3‐links robot is considered as an illustrative example.
Event‐triggered consensus tracking strategy for data‐driven multi‐agent systems under DoS attacks
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Liu Yipeng , Zha Lijuan , Tian Engang , Xie Xiangpeng
Published: July 2024

In this article, the event‐triggered data‐driven consensus problem is studied for multi‐agent systems (MASs) with switching topologies under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. Based on the model‐free adaptive control (MFAC) approach, the controller is only correlated with the input/output (I/O) data of agents instead of the specific system model. First, the pseudo partial derivative (PPD) is employed to dynamically linearize the system model. Second, to save network bandwidth, an event‐triggered scheme is introduced according to the I/O measurement and the output estimated error. Third, an attack compensation mechanism is adopted for the purpose of reducing the influence of DoS attacks. Then, a data‐driven controller is designed to make the agents approach the desired trajectory on the basis of the estimation value of PPD. Moreover, by utilizing the Lyapunov stability theory, the tracking error is demonstrated to be convergent and the reliability of the controller is investigated. Finally, an example is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the consensus tracking strategy.
Literary reading as a socially responsive practice: Implications for literature pedagogy at higher education
Authors: Nkealah Naomi , Prozesky Maria
Published: July 2024

As university teachers of literature, we tend to accept the rhetoric that students lack the capacity to interpret texts meaningfully, without questioning our own biases about the kinds of meaning we expect them to elicit from texts. Often, these are meanings that have little relevance to students' own social or professional lives. In this article, we report on a research project on literary reading at a South African university in which we set out to find out how our second‐year English literature student teachers were reading or making sense of Shakespearean plays and how in turn their readings inform new thinking about literary reading. We found that our students were interpreting Shakespeare's Macbeth in ways that both explicate social problems in present‐day South Africa and offer possible solutions to remedying these problems. Therefore, our knowledge contribution in this article is the proposition of socially responsive literary reading as a relevant, empowering and viable approach to literary reading that has potential to decolonise literature education in African universities.
Venture capital exit after venture IPO
Authors: Li Yong , Chi Tailan , Lan Sai , Wang Qing
Published: July 2024

Research Summary

Venture capital firms (VCs) sometimes continue to hold significant equity stakes in entrepreneurial ventures after venture IPO. The information economics view suggests that retaining equity signals VC commitment and venture quality. This study conceptualizes retaining equity as holding an exchange option, the option to exchange VCs' own valuation of IPO ventures for the market's valuation. Holding this option allows VCs to benefit from the ventures' upside potential. Since exit amounts to giving up the option, the option value represents an opportunity cost of exit. VCs may delay exit if this option is sufficiently valuable. The study examines two key conditions that interact to increase the value of this option: uncertainty and positive private information. This study contributes to research on VC exit and real options.

Managerial Summary

When do VCs retain equity rather than exit after venture IPO? Researchers have addressed the impact of signaling, cash constraints, human capital constraints, blockholding, VC fund performance, portfolio diversification and institutional features. We identify a previously unrecognized driver: to retain the opportunity to benefit from an IPO venture's upside potential that is yet to be fully recognized or realized. We submit that VCs' incentive to retain equity increases with uncertainty in the venture's industry, and VCs' positive private information as indicated by venture patent applications and positive market surprises in the venture's industry. We find largely supportive evidence for the positive joint effect of uncertainty and private information on the decision to retain equity within the first year or even two years after IPO lockup expiration.
Magnetic/Acoustic Dual‐Controlled Microrobot Overcoming Oto‐Biological Barrier for On‐Demand Multidrug Delivery against Hearing Loss
Authors: Yi Xinyang , Guo Lifang , Zeng Qi , Huang Suling , Wen Dingsheng , Wang Chu , Kou Yuwei , Zhang Ming , Li Huaan , Wen Lu , Chen Gang
Published: July 2024

Multidrug combination therapy in the inner ear faces diverse challenges due to the distinct physicochemical properties of drugs and the difficulties of overcoming the oto‐biologic barrier. Although nanomedicine platforms offer potential solutions to multidrug delivery, the access of drugs to the inner ear remains limited. Micro/nanomachines, capable of delivering cargo actively, are promising tools for overcoming bio‐barriers. Herein, a novel microrobot‐based strategy to penetrate the round window membrane (RWM) is presented and multidrug in on‐demand manner is delivered. The tube‐type microrobot (TTMR) is constructed using the template‐assisted layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of chitosan/ferroferric oxide/silicon dioxide (CS/Fe3O4/SiO2) and loaded with anti‐ototoxic drugs (curcumin, CUR and tanshinone IIA, TSA) and perfluorohexane (PFH). Fe3O4 provides magnetic actuation, while PFH ensures acoustic propulsion. Upon ultrasound stimulation, the vaporization of PFH enables a microshotgun‐like behavior, propelling the drugs through barriers and driving them into the inner ear. Notably, the proportion of drugs entering the inner ear can be precisely controlled by varying the feeding ratios. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate that the drug‐loaded microrobot exhibits superior protective effects and excellent biosafety toward cisplatin (CDDP)‐induced hearing loss. Overall, the microrobot‐based strategy provides a promising direction for on‐demand multidrug delivery for ear diseases.
One‐Pot Direct Mechanochemical Silicon Replacement of Sodium Fluorosilicate into Sodium Fluorozirconate and Functionalization of Graphite for Enhanced Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Jang Boo‐Jae , Zhao Qiannan , Baek Jae‐Hoon , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Lee Jae Seong , Kim Seung‐Hyeon , Han Gao‐Feng , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: July 2024

Efficient sodium ion storage in graphite is as yet unattainable, because of the thermodynamic instability of sodium ion intercalates–graphite compounds. In this work, sodium fluorozirconate (Na3ZrF7, SFZ) functionalized graphite (SFZ‐G) is designed and prepared by the in situ mechanochemical silicon (Si) replacement of sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6, SFS) and functionalization of graphite at the same time. During the mechanochemical process, the atomic Si in SFS is directly replaced by atomic zirconium (Zr) from the zirconium oxide (ZrO2) balls and container in the presence of graphite, forming SFZ‐G. The resulting SFZ‐G, working as an anode material for sodium ion storage, shows a significantly enhanced capacity of 418.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C‐rate, compared to pristine graphite (35 mAh g−1) and simply ball‐milled graphite (BM‐G, 200 mAh g−1). In addition, the SFZ‐G exhibits stable sodium‐ion storage performance with 86% of its initial capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2.0 C‐rate.
Initial Solidification Behavior of Spring Steel Billet Near the Mold Corner During Continuous Casting Process
Authors: Chen Jiaxi , Wang Wanlin , Zhou Lejun , Lyu Peisheng , Zeng Jie , Li Minggang
Published: July 2024

Strand surface defects originate from the initial solidification of molten steel in continuous casting mold. This article investigates the initial solidification behavior during the continuous casting of 55SiCr spring steel billet using a novel mold simulator. First, the high‐frequency responding temperatures and high‐frequency heat fluxes across the mold corner and hot face are calculated by the 2D‐inverse heat conduction program mathematical model and the fast Fourier transformation, and the results indicate that the temperature variations and heat flux fluctuations around mold corner are stronger than those at mold hot face. Then, the characteristic heat fluxes around the meniscus at mold corner and hot face are analyzed, and their four corresponding signals are discussed with the help of power spectral density analysis. The average solidification factor K for shell corner is greater than shell face, which indicates that the cooling intensity of shell at corner is stronger due to the two‐dimensional heat transfer near mold corner, as demonstrated by heat transfer and dendrite structure analysis. Finally, the interrelations between the shell profile, mold oscillation, heat flux change rate, high‐frequency heat flux, temperature change rate, and high‐frequency temperature for the two cases are discussed.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Conductive Metal–Organic Framework@polypyrrole Hybrids with Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance
Authors: Wu Jiale , Wang Kang , Ye Song , Zhou Qinglin , Lu Shengqi , Laigao Yuquan , Jiang Lai , Wei Lanxin , Xie Aming , Zeng Haibo , Li Weijin
Published: July 2024

Rational heterostructure design can bring interfacial polarization relaxation to significantly enhance the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. However, intelligently building a homogeneous heterostructure with superior EMW absorption properties remains a great challenge. Herein, a typical conductive metal–organic framework Cu3(HHTP)2 (hexahydroxytriphenylene, HHTP) is delicately packed onto a polypyrrole (PPy) conductive polymer surface via a one‐step in situ polymerization approach. Results show that Cu3(HHTP)2 is well packed on the PPy surface to form an elegant Cu3(HHTP)2@PPy hybrids interfacial microstructure with a unique superiority regarding EMW absorption compared with single components of PPy and Cu3(HHTP)2. Interestingly, the interfacial microstructure of Cu3(HHTP)2@PPy hybrids can be tuned by adjusting the composition of the PPy and Cu3(HHTP)2, resulting in the improvement of impedance matching, conductive loss, and enhancement of interfacial polarization relaxation, endowing the optimization of the EM wave absorption properties of the Cu3(HHTP)2@PPy. The broad effective absorption bandwidth covers a range as broad as 6.68 GHz (11.00–17.68 GHz), which is higher than most reported metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and conductive polymer‐based EM absorbing materials. Herein, new insight for developing highly efficient EMW absorption materials through hybridized interfacial microstructure engineering is provided.
Lastenräder – Technik & Modelle
Authors: Kremer Jonas
Published: July 2024

Lastenräder und Anhänger gibt es inzwischen in unterschiedlichsten Bauarten mit unterschiedlichen Antriebsarten und Aufbauten. Die Modellvielfalt ermöglicht so einen immer breiteren Einsatz von Lastenrädern. Ab wo liegen die Unterschiede?
Standortplanung
Authors: Ackva Charlotte , Fassnacht Lukas , Henninger Steffen , Hildebrandt Florentin , Spühler Felix
Published: July 2024

Die strategische Standortplanung spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für Unternehmen, die Radlogistikdienstleistungen anbieten. Aufgrund des begrenzten Ladevolumens von Lastenrädern ist die Auswahl der Depot- und insbesondere der Zwischenlagerstandorte von entscheidender Bedeutung, um die Effizienz des Gesamtsystems zu gewährleisten. Nicht nur das Ladevolumen sondern auch die Reichweite und Reisedauer der Lastenräder müssen dabei Berücksichtigung finden. Daher sind Standorte für Depots und Zwischenlager erforderlich, die möglichst nah an den jeweiligen Zielstandorten liegen. Die Platzierung solcher Einrichtungen in innerstädtischen Gebieten bietet deshalb Vorteile, steht jedoch auch im Konflikt mit den Bedürfnissen der Anwohner. Bei der Standortwahl muss daher ein Ausgleich zwischen der Integration in zentrumsnahe Stadtgebiete und der Gewährleistung einer guten Kundenerreichbarkeit gefunden werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt zunächst einige Anforderungen an den urbanen Raum vor, die bei der Einrichtung von Depots oder Zwischenlagern berücksichtigt werden sollten. Darüber hinaus werden verschiedene Betreibermodelle für Radlogistikdienstleister erläutert. Abschließend werden unterschiedliche mathematische Formulierungen und Lösungsansätze für das Standortproblem präsentiert.
Tourenplanung
Authors: Ackva Charlotte , Fassnacht Lukas , Henninger Steffen , Hildebrandt Florentin , Spühler Felix
Published: July 2024

Die Zustellung von Waren an Kundenstandorte im urbanen Raum ist oft mit einem hohen Zeit- und Kostenaufwand verbunden. Eine effiziente Zustellung auf dieser sogenannten letzten Meile erfordert daher die genaue Planung geeigneter Touren. Aufgrund der dichten Besiedelung städtischer Gebiete bieten sich hierfür Lastenräder besonders gut an. Dabei müssen alle Aufträge mit den verfügbaren Ressourcen erledigt werden, was normalerweise den Besuch aller Kundenstandorte einschließt. Die Tourenplanung hilft hierbei zu entscheiden, in welcher Reihenfolge die verschiedenen Standorte in einer Tour besucht werden können. Dieses Kapitel wirft dafür zunächst einen Blick auf mögliche Planungsebenen sowie vorhandene Ressourcen, die bei der Tourenplanung berücksichtigt werden müssen. Anschließend folgt eine Erläuterung, wie das mathematische Tourenplanungsmodell formuliert und gelöst werden kann.
Liefer- und Ladeflächen für Lastenräder
Authors: Mayregger Patrick
Published: July 2024

Für eine störungsarme Abwicklung der Radlogistik ist es notwendig, geeignete Ladeflächen zu schaffen. In der Regel ist es sinnvoll, Lastenräder auf den herkömmlichen Ladeflächen abzustellen. In einigen Fällen kann jedoch auch die Ausweisung exklusiv durch Lastenräder nutzbarer Ladeflächen sinnvoll sein. Dieses Kapitel befasst sich zunächst mit strategischen Fragen der Planung von Liefer- und Ladeflächen und der Bedarfsermittlung. Dabei werden zudem lastenradexklusive Liefer- und Ladeflächen thematisiert. Da jedoch auch konventionelle Liefer- und Ladeflächen von der Radlogistik genutzt werden können, werden hier ebenso Themen angesprochen, die konventionelle Liefer- und Ladeflächen betreffen.
Kette rechts – Cargobikes im Praxiseinsatz
Authors: Schmidt Martin
Published: July 2024

Radlogistik findet auf der Straße statt. Radlogistik ist ein Geschäft, dass durch das Machen und vom Pragmatismus der Akteure lebt. In diesem Kapitel stellt ein erfahrener Praktiker dar, wie Radlogistik alltäglich abläuft und ein Unternehmen in diesem Bereich funktioniert.
Lastenräder in der strategischen Planung des Wirtschaftsverkehrs am Beispiel des Landes Berlin
Authors: Menge Julius , Gehrke Marvin , Keinath Nico
Published: July 2024

Lastenräder können ihre Stärken gerade in dicht besiedelten Gebieten mit relativ kurzen Strecken zwischen den Quellen, Stopps und Zielen ausspielen. Durch die unterschiedlichen Ausführungen und Aufbauten eignen sie sich für viele Einsatzzwecke und bieten nicht in allen, aber in vielen Fällen eine echte Alternative zum konventionellen (motorisierten) Fahrzeug. Lastenräder fahren dabei (lokal) emissionsfrei und haben einen deutlich geringeren Flächenverbrauch. Diese Vorteile können Lastenräder insbesondere dann zur Wirkung bringen, wenn sie umfangreich zur Verfügung stehen und intensiv zum Einsatz kommen. Die strategische Planung des Wirtschaftsverkehrs in Berlin, der größten deutschen Stadt und Hauptstadt, beschäftigt sich vor diesem Hintergrund seit langem mit dem verstärkten Einsatz von Lastenrädern im urbanen Wirtschaftsverkehr. Lastenräder sind daher in der Berliner Verkehrsentwicklungsplanung fest verankert und finden auch praktisch in konkreten Maßnahmen und Konzepten Berücksichtigung. Dieser Beitrag ordnet die Bedeutung des Wirtschaftsverkehrs an sich mit speziellem Fokus auf dem Einsatz von Lastenrädern ein. Die Verankerung des Lastenradeinsatzes in den Planwerken der strategischen Verkehrsentwicklungsplanung in Berlin wird aufgezeigt. Praktische Anwendungsfelder in den Themenfeldern „Kommunikation“, „Liefern und Laden“, „Mikro-Depots“, „Lastenradförderprogramme“ und „Verknüpfung mit anderen Verkehrsmitteln“ werden beleuchtet.
Kundendienst statt Radlogistik?
Authors: Popplow Marcus
Published: July 2024

In der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts kamen Lastenräder in europäischen Städten vor allem im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel und im Kleingewerbe zum Einsatz. Eine ausgefeilte Lastenradlogistik war dafür nicht nötig. Hilfsarbeiter und Gesellen lieferten als Betriebsangehörige von Einzelhändlern und Gewerbetreibenden die Waren per Lastenrad zu den Kund:innen. Als in den 1950er-Jahren preisgünstige fossile Energiequellen die Massenmotorisierung und in der Folge eine tiefgreifende Umgestaltung urbaner Infrastrukturen ermöglichten, kamen Lastenräder fast vollständig außer Gebrauch. Ausnahme war nur der kontinuierliche, flottenmäßige Einsatz bei Postgesellschaften. Aktuelle Bemühungen, Lastenräder wieder verstärkt in der Logistik auf der „letzten Meile“ einzusetzen, treffen auf etablierte Strukturen einer umfassend digitalisierten Kurier-, Express- und Paketbranche. Mit früheren Nutzungsmodalitäten, wie sie dieser Beitrag aufgrund eines noch unzureichenden Forschungsstands nur thesenartig skizzieren kann, sind heutige Anforderungen an die Lastenradlogistik in diesem Sektor kaum vergleichbar. Allerdings kann gerade die damalige Belieferung von Kund:innen im Einzelhandel oder Kleingewerbe, für die gar keine ausgefeilte Logistik nötig ist, einen Denkanstoß für zukünftige „low-tech“ Einsatzfelder geben.
Urbaner Umschlag und Logistikknoten
Authors: Assmann Tom , Fassnacht Lukas , Gade Andreas , Kuchenbecker Michael , Stiehm Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Radlogistik ist ein Baustein zur nachhaltigen Gestaltung der ersten- und letzten Meile von Logistiksystemen und -ketten. Zur Umsetzung werden neue Logistikknoten in der Stadt benötigt, an denen auf das Lastenrad umgeschlagen werden kann. Das Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über Logistiksysteme, die verschiedenen Umschlagsknoten und wie sie gestaltet werden können.
Rolle öffentlicher Akteure bei dem Betrieb von Mikro-Hubs
Authors: Stiehm Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Jedes Mikrohub entsteht in einem einzigartigen Wirkungsgefüge aus öffentlichen und privaten Stakeholdern. Folglich kann es nicht die eine Betreiberstruktur geben, da diese in Abhängigkeit zu den lokalen Bedingungen und den zusammentreffenden Stakeholdern steht. Eine individuelle Konzipierung ist erforderlich. Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Einblick in die organisatorische Gestaltung von Multi-User Mikro-Hubs.
Blowing in the dark matter wind
Authors: Day Hannah , Liu Da , Luty Markus A. , Zhao Yue
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Interactions between dark matter and ordinary matter will transfer momentum, and therefore give rise to a force on ordinary matter due to the dark matter ‘wind.’ We show that this force can be maximal in a realistic model of dark matter, meaning that an order-1 fraction of the dark matter momentum incident on a target of ordinary matter is reflected. The model consists of light (mϕ ≲ eV) scalar dark matter with an effective interaction $$ {\phi}^2\overline{\psi}\psi $$

ϕ
2

ψ
¯

ψ
, where ψ is an electron or nucleon field. If the coupling is repulsive and sufficiently strong, the field ϕ is excluded from ordinary matter, analogous to the Meissner effect for photons in a superconductor. We show that there is a large region of parameter space that is compatible with existing constraints, where the force is large enough to be detected by existing force probes, such as satellite tests of the equivalence principle and torsion balance experiments. However, shielding of the dark matter by ordinary matter prevents existing experiments from being sensitive to the dark matter force. We show that precise measurements of spacecraft trajectories proposed to test long distance modifications of gravity are sensitive to this force for a wide range of parameters.
Unterstützung ärztlicher und pflegerischer Tätigkeit durch KI: Handlungsempfehlungen für eine verantwortbare Gestaltung und Nutzung
Authors: Bratan Tanja , Schneider Diana , Funer Florian , Heyen Nils B. , Klausen Andrea , Liedtke Wenke , Lipprandt Myriam , Salloch Sabine , Langanke Martin
Published: July 2024

Klinische Entscheidungsunterstützungssysteme (Clinical Decision Support Systems [CDSS]), die auf künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) basieren, kommen als komplexe soziotechnische Innovationen zunehmend in Medizin und Pflege zum Einsatz, um die Qualität und Effizienz der Versorgung insgesamt zu verbessern und gleichzeitig begrenzten finanziellen und personellen Ressourcen zu begegnen. Neben intendierten klinischen und organisatorischen Effekten ist jedoch auch mit weitreichenden ethischen, sozialen und rechtlichen Auswirkungen KI-basierter CDSS auf Krankenversorgung und Pflege zu rechnen. Bislang sind diese normativ-sozialen Implikationen nur unzureichend erforscht. Aus dem vom BMBF geförderten Projekt DESIREE (DEcision Support In Routine and Emergency HEalth Care: Ethical and Social Implications) konnten Handlungsempfehlungen für eine verantwortbare Gestaltung und Nutzung klinischer Entscheidungsunterstützungssysteme abgeleitet werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert primär auf ethische und soziale Aspekte KI-basierter CDSS, die negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit von Patient:innen haben könnten. Die Handlungsempfehlungen gliedern sich in die akteursgruppenübergreifend relevanten Handlungsfelder Entwicklung, Anwendung, Aufklärung und Einwilligung, Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildung sowie (Begleit‑)Forschung und sind als vertiefende Ergänzungen zu existierenden Empfehlungen zu verstehen.
A seabird’s eye view: visual fields of some seabirds (Laridae and Procellariidae) from tropical latitudes
Authors: Lucas Eleanor A. , Martin Graham R. , Rocamora Gérard , Portugal Steven J.
Published: July 2024

The visual field of a bird defines the amount of information that can be extracted from the environment around it, using the eyes. Previous visual field research has left large phylogenetic gaps, where tropical bird species have been comparatively understudied. Using the ophthalmoscopic technique, we measured the visual fields of seven tropical seabird species, to understand what are the primary determinants of their visual fields. The visual field topographies of the seven seabird species were relatively similar, despite the two groups of Terns (Laridae) and Shearwaters (Procellariidae) being phylogenetically distant. We propose this similarity is due to their largely similar foraging ecology. These findings support previous research that foraging ecology rather than relatedness is the key determining factor behind a bird’s visual field topography. Some bird species were identified to have more limited binocular fields, such as Brown Noddies (Anous stolidus) where binocularity onsets lower down within the visual field, resulting in a larger blind area about the head.
Der mögliche Nutzen künstlicher Intelligenz in einem organisierten bevölkerungsbezogenen Screeningprogramm
Authors: Morant R. , Gräwingholt A. , Subelack J. , Kuklinski D. , Vogel J. , Blum M. , Eichenberger A. , Geissler A.
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund

Dank Mammographie-Screening-Programmen (MSP) kann Brustkrebs erwiesenermaßen in früheren Stadien entdeckt werden, was weniger eingreifende Therapien erlaubt und zu einem besseren Überleben führt. Kritisch beurteilt werden die beträchtliche Zahl der Intervallkarzinome (IBC) und zusätzlich notwendige Abklärungen, bei denen sich in der Mehrzahl erweist, dass kein Karzinom vorliegt.

Fragestellung

In den letzten Jahren wurden von Firmen und Universitäten mittels maschinellem Lernen (ML) leistungsfähige Algorithmen entwickelt, welche erstaunliche Fähigkeiten zum Lesen von Mammographien zeigen. Können dadurch MSP qualitativ verbessert werden?

Methode

Mittels der Software ProFound AI® (iCAD, Nashua, NH, USA) wurden retrospektiv die ursprünglichen Screening-Mammographien von 251 Fällen mit Intervallkarzinom untersucht und die Resultate (Case-Score, Risk-Score) mit denen einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Darüber hinaus wurde die relevante aktuelle Literatur studiert.

Ergebnisse

Die Verteilung des Case-Score wie auch des Risk-Score der Mammographien mit späterem IBC war signifikant zu höherem Risiko verschoben im Vergleich zur Kontrolle, ähnlich wie in anderen Studien.

Schlussfolgerung

Retrospektive Studien, wie auch eigene Daten zeigen, dass möglicherweise künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in Zukunft das Vorgehen bei MSP ändern wird in Richtung personalisiertem Screening, mit deutlicher Entlastung der Radiologen, weniger Abklärungen und einer verminderten Anzahl von IBC. Für eine solche Umsetzung braucht es die Resultate prospektiver Studien.
Nitrogen deficiency tolerance conferred by introgression of a QTL derived from wild emmer into bread wheat
Authors: Govta Nikolai , Fatiukha Andrii , Govta Liubov , Pozniak Curtis , Distelfeld Assaf , Fahima Tzion , Beckles Diane M. , Krugman Tamar
Published: July 2024

Key message

Genetic dissection of a QTL from wild emmer wheat, QGpc.huj.uh-5B.2, introgressed into bread wheat, identified candidate genes associated with tolerance to nitrogen deficiency, and potentially useful for improving nitrogen-use efficiency.

Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient critical to wheat growth and development; its deficiency is one of the main factors causing reductions in grain yield and quality. N availability is significantly affected by drought or flooding, that are dependent on additional factors including soil type or duration and severity of stress. In a previous study, we identified a high grain protein content QTL (QGpc.huj.uh-5B.2) derived from the 5B chromosome of wild emmer wheat, that showed a higher proportion of explained variation under water-stress conditions. We hypothesized that this QTL is associated with tolerance to N deficiency as a possible mechanism underlying the higher effect under stress. To validate this hypothesis, we introgressed the QTL into the elite bread wheat var. Ruta, and showed that under N-deficient field conditions the introgression IL99 had a 33% increase in GPC (p < 0.05) compared to the recipient parent. Furthermore, evaluation of IL99 response to severe N deficiency (10% N) for 14 days, applied using a semi-hydroponic system under controlled conditions, confirmed its tolerance to N deficiency. Fine-mapping of the QTL resulted in 26 homozygous near-isogenic lines (BC4F5) segregating to N-deficiency tolerance. The QTL was delimited from − 28.28 to − 1.29 Mb and included 13 candidate genes, most associated with N-stress response, N transport, and abiotic stress responses. These genes may improve N-use efficiency under severely N-deficient environments. Our study demonstrates the importance of WEW as a source of novel candidate genes for sustainable improvement in tolerance to N deficiency in wheat.
Refixation eines osteochondralen Fragments am Radiuskopf
Authors: Berger Marvin Sven , Siebenlist Sebastian , Runer Armin
Published: July 2024

Die Ellenbogenluxation ist die zweithäufigste Luxation im Erwachsenenalter. In dieser Kasuistik wird ein Patient mit einer osteochondralen Fraktur am Radiuskopf nach Ellenbogenluxation vorgestellt, welcher mittels transossärer Fadenschlingentechnik versorgt wurde, wodurch eine stabile Refixation unter Vermeidung von intraartiuklärem Osteosynthesematerial erzielt wurde. Insgesamt liefert dieser minimal-invasive Ansatz vielversprechende klinische Ergebnisse ohne notwendige Folgeoperation zur Entfernung des Osteosynthesematerials.