bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION DE DIVERS MILIEUX DE CULTURE ET PROGRAMMES DE FERTILISATION POUR LA PRODUCTION DE PLANTULES DE TABAC À CIGARETTE EN CELLULE DE TODD
Authors: LAMARRE MICHEL
Published: March 2010

During a 3-yr period, the effect of different substrates and fertilizer regimes on tobacco seedling production in Todd cells in heated and non-heated greenhouse was studied. The substrate recommended by the "Conseil des Productions Végétales du Québec" combined with a 15-30-15 NPK fertilizer program applied at a frequency of three waterings out of four produced the best seedlings. Seedlings grown in a heated greenhouse showed much better development than those in a non-heated greenhouse.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Todd cell, growing media, fertilizer program, greenhouse
EFFETS DE LA PRÉPARATION DU SOL POUR ESSAIS DE CULTURE SOUS CONDITIONS CONTRÔLÉES
Authors: KIMPE C. R. DE
Published: March 2010

The effect of soil preparation on oat yield was investigated in two pot experiments involving several Quebec soils. The soils were used either untreated or were sieved after air-drying or at field moisture. Bulk density was higher for the soils sieved after air-drying, which generally gave the highest yields. When the soils were grouped as function of yield, it appeared that clay-rich soils low in organic matter were most susceptible to loss of structure and subsequently produced the lowest yield. A statistical analysis of the yields was conducted as a function of soil preparation and bulk density. The results suggest that in the case of experiments involving several soils, the method of soil preparation can induce or suppress differences that would be attributed to treatments.Key words: Soil preparation, bulk density and yield, soil disaggregation
MAPLE ISLE SOYBEAN
Authors: VOLDENG H. D. , SEITZER J. F. , HAMILTON R. I.
Published: March 2010

Maple Isle is a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar of medium-early (Maple Amber) maturity. It yields slightly more than Maple Amber in Eastern Canada, is tolerant to the widely used herbicide metribuzin, and has a relatively large seed with a yellow hilum.Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., soybean, cultivar description
MAPLE RIDGE SOYBEAN
Authors: VOLDENG H. D. , SEITZER J. F. , HAMILTON R. I.
Published: March 2010

Maple Ridge is a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar of early maturity, later than Maple Presto but earlier than Maple Amber. Seed yields are generally equal to those of Maple Amber and about 20% greater than those of Maple Presto.Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., soybean, cultivar description
VICTORIA FIELD PEA
Authors: LANGILLE J. E. , MacLEOD J. A. , BUBAR J. S. , JONES R. W.
Published: March 2010

Victoria, a yellow-cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar, was licensed in April 1984, will be released to growers in 1986. Victoria is well-adapted to most areas of the Maritime Region, where it outyielded the check cultivars in Regional Cooperative Trials conducted from 1981 to 1983.Key words: Cultivar description, pea (field), Pisum sativum L.
NITROGENASE ACTIVITY OF ALFALFA GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASS UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Authors: BURITY H. A. , COULMAN B. E. , FARIS M. A.
Published: March 2010

A greenhouse experiment has shown that total nitrogenase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not significantly affected when grown in association with timothy (Phleum pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) except after initial harvest when decreased alfalfa activity was associated with smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass. It was concluded that mixed cultures of alfalfa with timothy, smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass have no effect on alfalfa N2 fixation. The results also suggest the occurrence of N transference from alfalfa to associated grasses. It is speculated that this transfer is not primarily due to the death of roots and nodule tissue (after harvest), but involves some degree of N excretion during the period before initial harvest.Key words: Alfalfa-grass mixtures, N2-fixation, nodule activity, N-transference
EFFECT OF TEMPORARY N STARVATION IN MAIZE ON LEAF SENESCENCE
Authors: GIRARDIN P. , DELTOUR A. , TOLLENAAR M.
Published: March 2010

A prerequisite for an informed strategy regarding nitrogen application in maize (Zea mays L.) is a knowledge of the physiology of plant responses to nitrogen. This study consisted of two experiments on maize plants grown in pails. One experiment was conducted in controlled-environment growth rooms, the other was conducted in the field. N-deficient and control maize plants were evaluated for photosynthetic rate (P), chlorophyll content (CC), nitrogen content, and green leaf area; comparisons between these four parameters were made. During N starvation, rate of senescence (i.e. decrease in green leaf area) of the old leaves was higher in N-deprived plants than in control plants. P and CC of all leaves in the N-deficient treatment decreased during nitrogen withdrawal. After the deprivation period, when the plants were resupplied with N, senescence was delayed relative to control plants. The increase of CC in treatment plants was slower than the recovery of photosynthetic rate; in fact, CC was a poor indicator of photosynthetic activity. The delay in leaf senescence corresponded with regreening in leaves of N-deprived plants following N addition. This delay could be partly explained by an overcompensation in plant N requirement involving both a rapid increase in P, and a slower increase in CC. The effects of resupplying plants with nitrogen following a N-deprivation period lead us to believe that the observed leaf yellowing is actually a premature senescence which is reversible, and that a low N content is not the single causal factor of senescence.Key words: Chlorophyll content, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, Zea mays L.
SUCROSE AND SUCROSE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY DURING KERNEL DEVELOPMENT IN TRITICALE, WHEAT AND RYE
Authors: SAARI LEONARD , SALMINEN SEPPO O. , HILL ROBERT D.
Published: March 2010

Developing triticale, wheat and rye grains were studied from 6 to 42 days postanthesis with respect to levels of sucrose and sucrose synthase activity. These were compared with levels of glucose and hexokinase activity as well as changes in dry weight and water content. Dry matter accumulation was linear in all cultivars and ceased at 26–34 days postanthesis, depending on the cultivar. Sucrose synthase activity was low in all tested cultivars at 3 days postanthesis and increased to near maximum levels by 15 days postanthesis. With the exception of triticale 6A190, maximum sucrose synthase activities were approximately 12 m units per seed and did not vary between cultivars. Triticale 6A190 had a maximum sucrose synthase activity of 16.5 m units per seed which occurred at about 21 days postanthesis. Sucrose synthase activity declined at maturity. Sucrose levels varied throughout kernel development. The extent of the variation differed amongst the tested cultivars. Triticale 6A190 had large fluctuations in sucrose level. Sucrose content changed from 1 mg per seed at day 12 to less than 0.1 mg/seed at day 18 to greater than 1 mg per seed at day 28. Hexokinase activity increased throughout kernel development with no substantial decline of activity at maturity. Glucose levels were highest during early kernel development and declined toward maturity. The variations in sucrose and sucrose synthase in triticale 6A190 suggest a malfunction in the metabolism of the line during kernel development. No direct relationship could be established, however, between these abnormalities and kernel shrivelling in 6A190.Key words: Sucrose, sucrose synthase, kernel development, triticale, wheat, rye, hexokinase
EFFECT OF FORAGE HARVEST ON GRAIN YIELD AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WINTER TRITICALE, WHEAT AND RYE
Authors: POYSA V. W.
Published: March 2010

In field experiments at Guelph, Ontario four winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes, one winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), and one winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were evaluated during three seasons for grain yield, forage yield, and agronomic performance following forage harvests at two stages of plant development in the spring. When the results were averaged across all the winter cereals, spring cuttings decreased final plant height and incidence of lodging and delayed the heading date by up to 2 wk, but did not consistently affect test weight. The early joint forage harvest reduced average grain yields by 6% while the mid-joint harvest, about 1 wk later, reduced yields by 28%. The early joint harvest yielded, on average, 1.5 tonnes/ha of forage while the mid-joint harvest yielded 2.2 tonnes/ha. OAC Wintri triticale, however, yielded, on average, 0.5 tonnes/ha more grain following the early joint harvest than the uncut control. Forage cutting of OAC Wintri might be an effective method for obtaining additional forage production, reducing lodging, and increasing grain yield in years when spring vegetative growth is luxuriant.Key words: Forage harvest, spring cutting, triticale (winter), wheat (winter), rye (winter), lodging, grain yield
THE EFFECT OF LONG EXPOSURE TO LOW TEMPERATURES ON THE COLD HARDINESS OF SPROUTING WHEAT IN THE DARK
Authors: ROBERTS D. W. A.
Published: March 2010

Nine cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ranging from very cold hardy to tender were sprouted in vermiculite at 0.5–1.0 °C for 7 wk in the dark and then placed at 0.5 °C, −2.5 °C, −5 °C, −7.5 °C, or −10 °C for up to 20 wk. Plants held at 0.5 °C progressively lost hardiness. Little change occurred in the hardiness of plants moved to −2.5 °C. There was apparently a small initial increase in hardiness after transfer to −5 °C or −7.5 °C followed by a decline in hardiness. Plants transferred to −10 °C lost hardiness progressively after transfer. These results suggest that part of the reason for late-winter mortality of winter wheats in northern regions of the Canadian prairies is damage from long exposures to temperatures only slightly lower than −5 °C. This damage is manifested by higher LT50 values or lower cold hardiness in late winter and early spring.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cold hardiness, winter survival
BIOLOGY OF Alternaria alternata, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BLACK POD DISEASE OF WHITE BEAN IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: TU J. C.
Published: March 2010

During the growing season Alternaria alternata was isolated from leaves of many weed species commonly found in or around a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) field. The fungus was also found on bean plants at all stages of growth. Population densities of A. alternata on the leaves of bean plants grown from surface-sterilized and non-sterilized seeds were similar. Population densities of A. alternata on the leaves of weeds and beans increaased as the growing season advanced. The increase in the population of A. alternata was correlated with natural senescence of leaf tissues. Sugars and ninhydrin positive substances (NPS) in the leaf wash increased with plant age. At a given growth stage, the concentration of sugars and NPS found in leaf washes of cultivars susceptible to A. alternata were higher than those tolerant to it.Key words: Bean (field), Alternaria alternata
WATER EXTRACTION PATTERNS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT WATER DEFICITS IN CORN
Authors: DWYER L. M. , STEWART D. W.
Published: March 2010

Water extraction patterns and plant water deficits for corn (Zea mays L.) were measured and related to development of aboveground biomass, leaf area and root density under different irrigation schedules in controlled chambers. A multi-layer transpiration model, based on an Ohm’s Law analogy, simulated the water uptake processes and predicted leaf water potential and soil water content through time. Comparison of measurements and model predictions of plant and soil water status tested our understanding of the principles involved in plant water use which resulted in growth differences. The experiment involved 48 planted cylinders plus controls; half were well-watered and maintained at or above field capacity and half were allowed to dry to near the wilting point. Over 6 wk, water stress reduced above-ground biomass and leaf area, but enhanced root growth over that of well-watered plants. This reflected the preferential allocation of photosynthate to the root when soil water became limiting. Measured leaf water potentials fell below the level for stomatal closure of the chamber population. The model also predicted a degree of water stress (midday leaf water potential of −1.48 MPa) that would increase stomatal resistance and restrict transpiration and photosynthesis. Measurements and predictions of soil water content over time were generally in good agreement. The model is therefore considered useful in describing water use patterns under controlled conditions.Key words: Zea mays L., transpiration, water use modelling, plant water stress, dry matter partitioning
QUANTIFICATION OF TILLER PULL-UP DURING GRAZING OF PINEGRASS
Authors: STOUT DARRYL G. , BROOKE BARBARA
Published: March 2010

Pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.) tiller pull-up (removal other than by cropping of an entire tiller or the aerial portion of a tiller) during grazing was quantified. As many as 48% of the tillers were pulled up during only one grazing pass by a cow. Following repeated passes by a cow, up to 75% of the tillers were pulled up. This tiller pull-up can be partitioned into two categories; "uprooted" refers to entire tillers, usually united in a tuft, that are pulled up with rhizome and root tissue still attached. The "torn" category comprises the aerial portions of tillers that are severed at or near the base of the leaf sheath. In the latter case, only the upper three or four leaves are removed, and the shorter scale leaves and vegetative stem are left attached to the rhizome. More tillers are normally uprooted than are torn during grazing.Key words: Calamagrostis, forage, herbage removal, grazing, grass
EVALUATION OF FOURTEEN GRASS POPULATIONS AS FORAGE CROPS FOR SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: LAWRENCE T. , RATZLAFF D. C.
Published: March 2010

Fourteen grass populations were evaluated for stand establishment, persistence, and dry matter yield under dryland conditions. Of these populations, Agropyron desertorum was most suitable for hay and Elymus angustus for pasture. Bromus biebersteinii compared favorably with Elymus junceus for pasture, suggesting that the two should be compared under grazing. When grown in mixture with alfalfa E. angustus and E. karataviensis tended to maintain a 50:50 grass-legume stand, whereas A. desertorum, A. cristatum × A. desertorum (4N), B. biebersteinii, B. inermis and E. junceus were very competitive and kept the percentage of alfalfa in the stand low. Both Elymus dahuricus and Elymus sibiricus showed good initial production and were short lived, suggesting they might be useful for enhancing the early production from other species sown in widely spaced rows. Elymus karataviensis was persistent but low yielding. Arctagrostis latifolia and Deschampsia beringensis were low yielding and lacked persistence.Key words: Hay, pasture, Arctagrostis, Agropyron, Bromus, Deschampsia, Elymus
USE OF GRAPEVINE SHOOT TIP CULTURES FOR DETECTION OF FANLEAF VIRUS BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
Authors: MONETTE PAUL L.
Published: March 2010

Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of GFLV-infected grapevine shoot tip cultures from 8 to 25 wk post-initiation. Cultures exhibited short-term fluctuations in GFLV content, but the virus was clearly detectable throughout the 14-day reculture interval. Grapevine shoot tip cultures are thus suitable sample material for the detection of GFLV by ELISA.Key words: Vein-banding strain, GFLV, Vitis rupestris, ELISA, tissue culture
HERBICIDE EFFECT ON THE VIABILITY OF QUACKGRASS (Agropyron repens) RHIZOME BUDS
Authors: DEKKER J. H. , CHANDLER K.
Published: March 2010

Sethoxydim, glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, NCI 96683, fluazifop-butyl and RO 13-8895 were evaluated under controlled environment conditions for their ability to translocate from treated quackgrass shoots to rhizome nodal buds. Two techniques to evaluate rhizome bud viability were utilized. In general, more rhizome buds showed signs of respiratory activity as evaluated by the tetrazolium chloride assay than did those which showed evidence of bud growth when single buds were grown in an agar medium. Both bioassays indicated all the herbicides tested were more effective against younger (three leaf) plants than older (five leaf) plants. None of the herbicides tested completely eliminated either bud viability or the formation of new rhizome buds subsequent to treatment. The least effective herbicide tested was RO 13-8895. The most effective compounds were sethoxydim and haloxyfop-methyl. Glyphosate and fluazifop-butyl were of intermediate efficacy while NCI 96683 efficacy was between those two groups depending on the part of the rhizome being considered.Key words: Tetrazolium chloride, translocation, glyphosate, sethoxydim, haloxyfop-methyl, fluazifop-butyl
DESIGN AND MODEL FOR INVESTIGATING COMPETITION EFFECTS FROM NEIGHBOURING TEST PLOTS
Authors: LIN C. S. , POUSHINSKY G. , VOLDENG H. D.
Published: March 2010

A non-random design was proposed for studying competition effects from neighboring plots. In order to minimize the number of plots, the design utilizes every plot as a test plot as well as a border plot. When the number of cultivars is odd, the number of plots required for one replication equals the number of competition treatments (i.e. the number of distinct triplets of cultivars) plus two. The proposed competition model enables the scientist to investigate the additive and non-additive competition effects. The former can be further investigated for complementarity of the effect between test and competitor cultivars. For the latter, qualitative (different cultivars on both sides) and quantitative (the same cultivar on both sides) aspects of competition can be investigated. An experiment employing the proposed design with soybean cultivars was analyzed.Key words: Non-random design, border effect, competition effect
SAFFIRE SAFFLOWER
Authors: MÜNDEL H.-H. , HUANG H. C. , BURCH L. D. , KIEHN F.
Published: March 2010

Saffire is the first Canadian cultivar of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). It has early maturity, with seed yields exceeding those of the U.S. cultivar S-208 by 10% and equal to those of the Montana-bred cultivar Hartman, and has a high level of resistance to sclerotinia head rot. The shiny whitish seed pericarp and low oil levels make Saffire suitable mainly for the birdseed market. Saffire is adapted to the drier southern regions of the prairie provinces.Key words: Carthamus tinctorius L., safflower, cultivar description
VUKA WINTER WHEAT
Authors: NASS H. G. , PRIDHAM E. D. , MELLISH D. , LANGILLE J. E. , WALKER D. W.
Published: March 2010

Vuka is a utility grade, medium-hard, red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with high yield and medium winterhardiness in Atlantic Canada, but primarily adapted to the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. Breeder seed will be maintained at Hohenheim University, West Germany. Seed release of Vuka in Canada is through Minas Seed Co-operative Ltd., Nova Scotia.Key words: Wheat (winter), cultivar description
DELAYED SEEDING FOR WILD OAT CONTROL IN RAPESEED IN NORTHWEST ALBERTA
Authors: DARWENT A. L. , SMITH J. H.
Published: March 2010

In a 4-yr study, rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) was seeded where wild oats (Avena fatua L.) had been controlled either by various delayed seeding procedures or by an early spring application of trifluralin at 1.1 kg a.i./ha. The trifluralin treatment provided the best wild oat control. However, allowing wild oats to grow to the two-leaf stage, destroying them with cultivation and then seeding rapeseed resulted in commercially acceptable control (70% or more) with little or no loss of crop yield. Postponing cultivation until the wild oats reached the three- to four-leaf stage provided control that was almost equivalent to that attained with cultivation at the two-leaf stage but resulted in reduced crop yields. Destruction of wild oat seedlings at the two-leaf stage by paraquat or glyphosate did not improve the level of control over that provided by cultivation.Key words: Oat (wild), delayed seeding, rapeseed, trifluralin
Thyroid Surgery, Voice and the Laryngeal Examination—Time for Increased Awareness and Accurate Evaluation
Authors: Mihai Radu , Randolph Gregory W
Published: March 2010

The low risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury frequently quoted to patients before thyroid surgery derives from expert series which are selectively reported. Rates of postoperative RLN paralysis increase substantial when postoperative laryngeal exam is performed routinely as opposed to selectively. Only routine pre- and postoperative laryngoscopy would allow individual surgeons/centers to know the exact incidence of RLN injury in their own practice. A surgeon knowing his own results, a clinical setting encouraging honest regular assessment/estimate of postoperative morbidity and an informed patient are all important contributors to improved outcome and diminished litigation after thyroid surgery.
A New Legal Standard for Medical Malpractice
Authors: Aaron Daniel G. , Robertson Christopher T. , King Louise P. , Sage William M.
Published: February 2025

Importance

Patients in the US have persistent needs for safe, evidence-based care. Physicians in the US report fear of liability risk and the need to practice “defensive medicine.” In 2024, the American Law Institute revised the legal standard for assessing medical negligence. Understanding the implications of this change is crucial for balancing patient safety, physician autonomy, and the legal system’s role in health care.

Observations

The updated standard from the American Law Institute shifts away from the traditional reliance on customary practice toward a more patient-centered concept of reasonable medical care. Although this revised standard still includes elements of prevailing medical practice, it defines reasonable care as the skill and knowledge regarded as competent among similar medical clinicians under comparable circumstances and acknowledges that, in some cases, juries can override customary practices if they fall short of contemporary standards. The restatement also embraces evidence-based practice guidelines, while leaving questions open about the variations in the quality of those guidelines. The restatement makes additional recommendations regarding informed consent and other aspects of physician-patient communication.

Conclusions and Relevance

The new standard of care from the American Law Institute represents a shift away from strict reliance on medical custom and invites courts to incorporate evidence-based medicine into malpractice law. Although states may adopt the recommendations from the American Law Institute at different times and to varying degrees, the restatement offers health professionals and the organizations in which they practice an opportunity to reconsider how medical negligence will be assessed, and to focus more directly on promoting patient safety and improving care delivery. Nonetheless, physicians should recognize that, at least for now, many courts will continue to rely significantly on prevailing practice in assessing medical liability.
New Right Atrial Image After Coronary Revascularization Surgery
Authors: Nuevo-Gallardo Clara , González-Fernández María Reyes , Yuste-Domínguez María
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a saphenous vein graft simulating an intracardiac structure on echocardiography of a patient after coronary revascularization surgery.
Tofacitinib for Treatment of Acquired Reactive Perforating Collagenosis
Authors: Yuan Ruiqing , Zhou Guizhi , Liu Hong
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a woman in her 50s with type 2 diabetes who presented with multiple erythematous dome-shaped umbilicated papules and nodules with scablike central plugs on the trunk and limbs.
Race and Ethnicity, Lifestyle, Diet, and Survival in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wang Anqi , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Cheng Iona , Chan June M. , Wan Peggy , Park Song-Yi , Xiong Wei , Hamilton Ann S. , Chen Fei , Le Marchand Loic , Wilkens Lynne R. , Conti David V. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Haiman Christopher A.
Published: February 2025

Importance

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the US.

Objective

To evaluate the association of healthy lifestyle and dietary behaviors with survival after a nonmetastatic PCa diagnosis in a multiethnic population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study was conducted among men aged 45 to 75 years enrolled between 1993 and 1996 in the Multiethnic Cohort study. Participants with nonmetastatic PCa completed a questionnaire after diagnosis (2003-2008) and were followed up until death or loss to follow-up. Data were analyzed from January 10, 2023, to May 20, 2024.

Exposures

Lifestyle and dietary patterns were assessed after diagnosis using 3 PCa behavior scores and 13 dietary indices (4 prioritized scores: the Healthy Eating Index–2015, Healthful Plant-Based Diet Index, Dietary Inflammatory Index, and Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of each PCa behavior score with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and PCa-specific mortality.

Results

A total of 2603 men with nonmetastatic PCa (mean [SD] age, 69.6 [7.1] years) were followed up, and 1346 deaths were documented, including 356 (24.6%) from CVD and 197 (14.6%) from PCa. The median (IQR) follow-up was 10.9 (IQR, 6.8-12.7) years from questionnaire return and 14.5 (IQR, 11.8-18.0) years from diagnosis. The 2021 PCa Behavior Score was associated with reduced risks of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] per point, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.63-0.77) and CVD-related (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56-0.79) mortality. This score was also associated with a lower risk of PCa-specific mortality among African American men (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.88) but not in the other racial and ethnic groups. Comparing quintile 5 (highest score) with 1 (lowest score), the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia was positively associated with all-cause (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02-1.84) and CVD-related (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.15-3.33) mortality, whereas the Healthful Plant-Based Diet Index was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97); findings for CVD-related mortality were not statistically significant (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44-1.03). No associations were found between lifestyle or dietary patterns and PCa mortality.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this multiethnic cohort of patients with nonmetastatic PCa, healthier lifestyles were associated with improved overall survival but not with PCa-specific survival. Given the predominance of non–PCa-specific deaths, these findings support the need for health behavior counseling to treat comorbidities in men with PCa.
Genetic Variants and Clinical Features of Patients With Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ib
Authors: Xia Yu , Sun Yu , Du Taozi , Sun Chengkai , Xu Ying , Ge Wensong , Liang Lili , Wang Ruifang , Sun Manqing , Xiao Bing , Qiu Wenjuan
Published: February 2025

Importance

Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSDIb) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose-6-phosphate transporter function with limited descriptions.

Objective

To describe the genetic and clinical features of Chinese patients with GSDIb.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study retrieved the medical records of 113 Chinese patients with GSDIb treated at a single institution in Shanghai from November 1, 2000, to June 30, 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Biochemical parameters and clinical features (infections, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], kidney and cardiovascular issues, growth and puberty) at baseline and the last follow-up, all-cause mortality, and mental and social development were assessed.

Results

A total of 113 patients (96 children [85%]; 67 males [59%]) had GSDIb genetically diagnosed at a median age of 1.4 (range, 0.0-35.5) years. Thirty-eight novel SLC37A4 variants were identified. Hypoglycemia and metabolic derangements were the primary concerns in patients aged 2 years or younger (45%). Short stature (75%), infections (75%), and recurrent epistaxis (31%) became more prevalent in patients aged 2.1 to 5.0 years. The frequency of respiratory tract infection decreased after a median age of 7.0 (IQR, 3.5-10.5) years. Forty-four patients (46%) developed IBD at a median age of 6.0 (IQR, 3.0-12.0) years, 14% of whom developed IBD-associated arthritis at a median age of 10.5 (IQR, 5.8-19.6) years. The mean (SD) difference between the z scores of actual height and target height (Δ height z scores) at the final visit (−2.11 [1.76]) did not significantly increase even after uncooked cornstarch treatment. The mean (SD) Δ height z scores of the patients with IBD (−2.99 [1.70]) were significantly lower than those without IBD (mean [SD], −1.36 [1.44]) (P < .001). Ten patients (9%) died due to complications of GSDIb, including metabolic derangements, sepsis, and/or severe pneumonia (n = 8), IBD (n = 1), and pulmonary hypertension (n = 1).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, the genetic and clinical spectra of GSDIb were broadened, suggesting associations between GSDIb and bowel, growth, and survival outcomes. To date, no previous study reported IBD-associated arthritis.
Radiomics for Treatment Planning in Liver Cancers
Authors: Mian Areeb , Kamnitsas Konstantinos , Gordon-Weeks Alex
Published: February 2025

This Surgical Innovation delves into the transformative potential of radiomics in liver cancer treatment, highlighting its advancements in pretreatment prognosis, noninvasive tumor profiling, and treatment response prediction, thus paving the way for more personalized therapeutic strategies.
Implicit Racial Bias and Unintentional Harm in Vascular Care
Authors: Kalbaugh Corey A. , Beidelman Erika T. , Howard Kerry A. , Witrick Brian , Clark Ashley , McGinigle Katharine L. , Minc Samantha , Alabi Olamide , Hicks Caitlin W. , Gonzalez Andrew A. , Cené Crystal W. , Cykert Samuel
Published: February 2025

Importance

Implicit bias may influence physician treatment decisions and contribute to Black-White health disparities. There are limited data linking implicit bias with actual care delivery and outcomes.

Objective

To determine whether implicit racial bias is associated with potentially harmful surgical treatment selection for a cohort of patients with peripheral artery disease–related claudication.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey study, linked with observational registry data, included eligible clinicians who participate in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) among 960 centers. The VQI includes academic medical centers, teaching hospitals, community hospitals, and private practices. Eligible participants included all vascular specialist VQI members (N = 2512), of whom 218 completed the race implicit association test (IAT) and were linkable to procedure-level data. The study was conducted between October 2021 and October 2022.

Exposure

Race IAT.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Clinician-level implicit bias results were linked to patient-level registry data of peripheral revascularization procedures performed for claudication. The adjusted odds of performance of any infrapopliteal procedure by specialist implicit bias and patient race were measured via mixed-effects logistic regression models. Implicit bias as a moderator of the association of infrapopliteal procedures for claudication and patient race with 1-year amputation was assessed as a secondary outcome.

Results

Among 218 vascular specialists (mean [SD] age, 46 [9] years; 160 [73%] male), 157 (72%) had a pro-White bias. Black patients treated by a physician with pro-White bias had a significant increase in the odds of receiving an infrapopliteal procedure compared with the total sample (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.67; 95% CI, 1.12-2.48). When treated by a specialist with pro-White bias, Black patients had increased odds of 1-year amputation, regardless of anatomic location treated, compared with White patients (AOR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.20-4.55). Conversely, Black patients treated by a specialist with no bias had similar odds of an infrapopliteal procedure (AOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.68-1.26) as the full patient sample and similar odds of 1-year amputation (AOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.33-4.99) as White patients.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings indicate that implicit bias is associated with potentially harmful infrapopliteal procedures for Black patients and contributes to Black-White outcome disparities in the US. These results suggest the need for system-level interventions that transparently identify and warn of procedures not aligned with best practices to reduce the negative influence of implicit bias.
Comparing Community‐Level Social Determinants of Health with Patient Race in Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes
Authors: Mehta Bella , Yiyuan Yi , Pearce‐Fisher Diyu , Ho Kaylee , Goodman Susan M. , Parks Michael L. , Wang Fei , Fontana Mark A. , Ibrahim Said , Cram Peter , Caruana Rich
Published: February 2025

Objective

Social determinants of health (SDOH) including race have a key role in total hip arthroplasty (THA) disparities. We compared the collective influence of community‐level SDOH to individual factors such as race on THA outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study of the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council Database ‐ 2012 to 2018 included 105,336 patients undergoing unilateral primary elective THA. We extracted “community” factors from the US census by geocoding patient zip codes including walkability index, household income, foreign‐born, English proficiency, computer/internet access, unpaid family workers, those lacking health insurances, and education. We trained an explainable boosting machine, a modern form of generalized additive models to predict 90‐day readmission, 90‐day mortality, 1‐year revision, and length of stay (LOS). Mean absolute scores were aggregated to measure variable importance (i.e. variables that contributed most to the prediction).

Results

The rates of readmission, revision, and mortality were 8%, 1.5%, and 0.3% respectively, with a median LOS of 2 days. Predictive performance measured by area under receiver operating characteristic was 0.76 for mortality, 0.66 for readmission, and 0.57 for 1‐year revision. For LOS, root mean squared error was 0.41 (R2=0.2). The top three predictors of mortality were “community”, discharge location, and age; for readmission they were discharge location, age, and comorbidities; for revision they were community, discharge location, and comorbidities and for LOS they were discharge location, community, and comorbidities.

Conclusion

Community‐level SDOH were significantly more important than individual race in contributing to the prediction of THA outcomes, especially for 90‐day mortality.
Ultra‐Fast Non‐Volatile Resistive Switching Devices with Over 512 Distinct and Stable Levels for Memory and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Xiao Ming , Hellenbrand Markus , Strkalj Nives , Bakhit Babak , Sun Zhuotong , Barmpatsalos Nikolaos , Joksas Dovydas , Dou Hongyi , Hu Zedong , Lu Ping , Karki Samip , Kunwar Sundar , Major Jonathan D. , Chen Aiping , Wang Haiyan , Jia Quanxi , Mehonic Adnan , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L.
Published: February 2025

Low‐current multilevel programmability with inherent non‐volatility and high stability of resistance states is required for both multi‐bit memory storage and deep learning accelerators but is difficult to achieve. Here, in a resistive switching system, this work realizes >512 (>9 bits) distinct non‐volatile conductance levels with stable retention for each state with current levels down to the nanoampere range, highly promising for potential integration with small processing nodes with ultra‐low power consumption requirements. This is achieved by demonstrating a new thin film design concept that encompasses three key features: an ultra‐thin epitaxial oxygen ionic switching layer that provides a tunable energy barrier at the bottom electrode, an overcoat amorphous layer that acts as an ion migration barrier for stable state retention, and a partial conductive filament as a localized electronic transport channel to the epitaxial switching layer. A large dynamic resistance range of up to seven orders of magnitude is achieved with reset‐free transitions among intermediate states, and programmability is demonstrated with ultra‐fast (20 ns) pulses. Artificial neural network (ANN) simulations, based on the experimental performance and its non‐idealities, demonstrate close‐to‐ideal inference accuracies for various Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) data sets.
Artificial Modulation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics via Control of Grain Boundaries Density in Mo2C Through Laser Processing
Authors: Hyeong Seok‐Ki , Moon Byung‐Joon , Lee Aram , Im Min Ji , Yang Hee Yun , Choi Ji‐Hee , Kim Seung‐Il , Moon Ji‐Yun , Park Seoungwoong , Jang Sung Kyu , Kim Tae‐Wook , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Bae Sukang , Lee Seoung‐Ki
Published: February 2025

Mo2C‐based electrocatalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to Pt noble metals for hydrogen production, owing to their high catalytic activity. However, the catalytic efficiency of Mo2C is highly sensitive to factors such as surface termination, morphology, and support. Therefore, it is crucial to develop systematic crystal structure engineering methods to precisely modulate the activity, thereby enhancing both catalytic efficiency and stability. In this study, laser‐based material processing is employed to modulate the microstructure of Mo2C catalysts, with a focus on grain size control and developing a grain boundary (GB)‐rich structure to enhance the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Laser‐based thermal control promoted the formation of fine and uniformly distributed Mo2C grains (15.6 ± 5 nm) and high‐density GBs (130 µm−1). High‐angle GBs, which occupy most Mo2C GBs, enhance electrochemically active sites, facilitate electron transfer, and shift the work function to 5.10 eV, thereby reducing hydrogen adsorption energy. In addition, electrochemical tests reveal a significant decrease in overpotential (148 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and improve Tafel slopes (67.6 mV dec−1), confirming the enhanced kinetics of the HER. This laser‐induced GB engineering strategy opens a new pathway for designing high‐performance Mo2C‐based electrocatalysts, advancing next‐generation hydrogen production technologies.
Bimetallic MnZnSX Nanotheranostics for Self‐Activatable Chemo‐Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via H₂S‐Triggered Arsenic Prodrug Activation and Binary cGAS‐STING Pathway Modulation
Authors: Cheng WeiYi , Peng Xuqi , He Li , Ren WeiYe , Chen JingQuan , Tang XiaoQian , Bao Dandan , Liu Gang , Jiang Lai , Piao Ji‐Gang
Published: February 2025

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has long been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine due to its therapeutic properties. While it exhibits potent anticancer activity, its clinical application is hindered by systemic toxicity and limited tissue specificity. In this study, an advanced therapeutic approach is developed using arsenic prodrug‐loaded bimetallic sulfide MnZnSX nanorods (As‐MnZnSX NRs) to enhance both the efficacy and safety of As2O3 in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. These nanorods are engineered to release Mn2+ and H2S within the tumor microenvironment, facilitating binary‐cooperative activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway. This dual activation mechanism enhances immune responses while converting the arsenic prodrug into its cytotoxic form, AsIII. The results demonstrate that Mn2+ amplifies the cGAS‐STING pathway by inducing TBK1 phosphorylation and IRF3 activation, leading to dendritic cell maturation and improved tumor antigen cross‐presentation. Simultaneously, H2S promotes prodrug conversion and enhances immune activation, collectively driving binary stimulation of the cGAS‐STING pathway. This strategy significantly augments the antitumor efficacy of As2O3 by integrating immune modulation with targeted cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, MnZnSX nanorods enable in vivo MRI, allowing real‐time monitoring of treatment progression. This study represents a substantial advancement in liver cancer therapy by integrating chemoimmunotherapy with diagnostic imaging, thereby improving therapeutic precision while minimizing systemic toxicity.
The Phase‐Transited Lysozyme Coating Modified Small Intestinal Submucosa Membrane Loaded with Calcium and Zinc Ions for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yang Yilin , Tong Tianyi , Li Xin , Zheng Hong , Yao Shiyu , Deng Jiayin , Zhang Qi , Liu Zihao , Huang Xin , Li Hongjie , Mu Yuzhu , Ma Shiqing
Published: February 2025

Bone defects caused by severe trauma, tumors, infections and diseases remain a global challenge due to limited natural regeneration capacity of bone tissue in large‐scale or complex injuries. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has emerged as a pivotal technique in addressing these issues, relying on barrier membranes to facilitate osteoprogenitor cell infiltration. Current clinical GBR membranes function solely as physical barriers, lacking antibacterial and osteoinductive properties, which underscores the need for advanced alternatives. This study focuses on resorbable GBR membranes made from small intestinal submucosa (SIS), known for biocompatibility and tissue regeneration but hindered by low mechanical strength and rapid degradation. In addition, SIS lacks both antibacterial properties and strong osteogenic capabilities. Enhancements involve crosslinking treatment and dual incorporation of calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+), which address the physical property shortcomings and synergistically boost osteoinductivity by activating osteogenic signaling pathways. Additionally, phase‐transited lysozyme (PTL) nanofilm technique enables efficient ion loading and controlled release, while offering antibacterial properties. In this study, a multifunctional SIS membrane is constructed by PTL‐ions layers, providing a potential solution to the challenge of clinical bone defects.
Radioactive Diselenide Bonded Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Shuo , Yang Qi‐Chao , Song An , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Wen‐Da , Zhang Meng‐Jie , Li Hao , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Deng Hexiang
Published: February 2025

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous crystals of high potential in biomedical applications. The chemical bonds within COF structures are critical for the overall therapeutic performance. Here, the design and synthesis of radioactive COF are reported by introducing labile diselenide bonds into the structure backbone. This diselenide bonded COF, PorSe‐CuPt, constructed from Cu and Pt ion porphyrin units, is capable of bond cleavage upon irradiation, thus releasing the drug molecule, CBL0137, carried in the pores. Concerted with the promotion of X‐ray absorption by Pt2⁺ and the enrichment of oxygen by Cu2⁺, robust PANoptosis is achieved as well as improved immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby drastically enhancing the overall effectiveness of radiotherapy. The integration of diselenide bonds into the COF backbone demonstrates the possible application of clip‐off chemistry in the search for highly responsible and compatible biomaterials.
Advancements in Understanding the Physicochemical Properties of Reticular Materials: An In Situ and Operando Spectroscopic Perspective
Authors: Baumgartner Bettina , Wach Anna , Ye Xinwei , Ploetz Evelyn , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: February 2025

The application of in situ and operando spectroscopic techniques has significantly advanced the understanding of reticular materials, particularly metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). These techniques offer real‐time insights into the dynamic structural, electronic, and chemical changes that occur within these materials during various processes, such as catalysis, sorption, and material synthesis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of key in situ and operando techniques used to investigate the formation, functionalization, and catalytic behavior of reticular materials. How these techniques have elucidated the roles of active sites, reaction intermediates, and structural transformations under reaction conditions, especially in single‐site catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis, is highlighted. The review also discusses the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in integrating advanced spectroscopic methods with reticular materials, aiming to foster further innovation in the design and application of these versatile materials.
Exploring Structure Diversity in Atomic Resolution Microscopy With Graph
Authors: Luo Zheng , Feng Ming , Gao Zijian , Yu Jinyang , Chen Cheng , Hu Liang , Wang Tao , Xue Shen'ao , Zhou Shen , Ouyang Fangping , Feng Dawei , Wang Huaimin , Xu Kele , Zhang Jin , Wang Shanshan
Published: February 2025

The emergence of deep learning (DL) has provided great opportunities for the high‐throughput analysis of atomic‐resolution micrographs. However, the DL models trained by image patches in fixed size generally lack efficiency and flexibility when processing micrographs containing diversified atomic configurations. Herein, inspired by the similarity between the atomic structures and graphs, a few‐shot learning framework based on an equivariant graph neural network (EGNN) to analyze a library of atomic structures (e.g., vacancies, phases, grain boundaries, doping, etc.) is described, showing significantly promoted robustness and three orders of magnitude reduced computing parameters compared to the image‐driven DL models, which is especially evident for those aggregated vacancy lines with flexible lattice distortion. Besides, the intuitiveness of graphs enables quantitative and straightforward extraction of the atomic‐scale structural features in batches, thus statistically unveiling the self‐assembly dynamics of vacancy lines under electron beam irradiation. A versatile model toolkit is established by integrating EGNN sub‐models for single structure recognition to process images involving varied configurations in the form of a task chain, leading to the discovery of novel doping configurations with superior electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution reactions. This work provides a powerful tool to explore structure diversity in a fast, accurate, and intelligent manner.
Leveraging Strong Electric Field Gradients at Anapole Resonances for Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation from Molybdenum Disulfide Disks
Authors: Biswas Rabindra , Prosad Asish , A. S. Lal Krishna , Chatterjee Suman , Bag Urmila , Konkada Manattayil Jyothsna , Raghunathan Varun
Published: February 2025

Van der Waals layered materials are emerging as promising nanophotonic platforms for realizing linear and nonlinear optical devices. In particular, the high refractive indices of transition metal dichalcogenides, combined with their strong layer dependent optical properties offer interesting possibilities for designing photonic functionalities. In this study, the resonant enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG) using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) disks on a silicon substrate with an intermediate silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer is demonstrated. The resonant enhancement observed here is attributed to the combined interaction of the anapole scattering modes supported within the disk and Fabry‐Perot (FP) modes within the multilayer stack. For a fixed MoS2 disk dimensions, an optimized SiO2 layer thickness results in constructive interference between the anapole and FP modes, thereby enhancing the fundamental field within the disk. Utilizing this resonance mechanism, SHG enhancements as high as 160 and 85‐times are experimentally demonstrated when compared with unpatterned multilayer and monolayer MoS2 flakes respectively. These are the highest reported enhancement values for the widely used 2H‐polytype MoS2. A significant enhancement in SHG is observed here for 2H‐MoS2 despite the alternating sheet dipoles canceling the far‐field emission owing to the strong electric field gradient setup within the disk at the anapole resonance.