bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian teologis
Authors: Sirangki Henri
Published: June 2021

God created man in His image and likeness. This means that humans have a resemblance to their creator. When God created man the Bible clearly says that in the beginning God only created man, male and female. Then God made man as his mandate on earth in order to develop and conquer the earth. However, recently there has been an issue about LGBT, especially lesbians, who are pro and contra in the community. For some people there are those who accept the lesbian behavior and there are also those who reject the behavior. Such behavior is not only carried out by non-Christian people but such behavior has also been carried out by those who have held the status of believers in God, even though the Bible clearly opposes such behavior because it is contrary to God's purpose and purpose in creating humans as male and female. female. On that basis it can be said that those who become lesbian perpetrators are not only against their human nature but also against God's decree. Humans can only fulfill God's purpose of creating them in being mandatory over the whole creation if humans have contact with the opposite sex instead of the same sex.
Deglaciation-enhanced mantle CO2 fluxes at Yellowstone imply positive climate feedback
Authors: Clerc Fiona , Behn Mark , Minchew Brent
Published: June 2021

The generation of mantle melts in response to decompression by glacial unloading has been linked to enhanced volcanic activity and volatile release in Iceland and in global eruptive records. However, it is unclear whether this process is also important in magmatically-active systems that do not show evidence of enhanced eruption rates. For example, the deglaciation of the Yellowstone ice cap did not observably enhance volcanism, yet Yellowstone may still have released large volumes of CO2 to the surface due to the crystallization of melts at depth. Here we develop models to simulate mantle melt production and volatile release associated with the deglaciation of Yellowstone and Iceland. In agreement with previous work, we find mantle melt production in Iceland is enhanced 33-fold during deglaciation, generating an additional 3728 km3 of melt and releasing an additional 31–51 Gt of CO2. Beneath Yellowstone, we find mantle melt production is comparably enhanced 19-fold during deglaciation, generating an additional 815 km3 of melt, though thicker lithosphere may prevent the transport of this melt to the surface. These melts segregate an additional 135–230 Gt of CO2 from the mantle, representing a ~23–39% increase of the global volcanic CO2 flux (if degassed during deglaciation). Our results suggest deglaciation-enhanced mantle melting is important in continental settings with partially molten mantle (potentially Greenland and West Antarctica) and may result in positive feedbacks between deglaciation and climate warming.
A fully-coupled 3D model of a large Greenlandic outlet glacier with evolving subglacial hydrology, frontal plume melting and calving
Authors: Cook Samuel , Christoffersen Poul , Todd Joe
Published: June 2021

We present the first fully coupled 3D full-Stokes model of a tidewater glacier, incorporating ice flow, subglacial hydrology, plume-induced frontal melting and calving. We apply the model to Store Glacier (Sermeq Kujalleq) in west Greenland to simulate a year of high melt (2012) and one of low melt (2017). In terms of modelled hydrology, we find perennial channels extending 5 km inland fromthe terminus and up to 41 km and 29 km inland in summer 2012 and 2017, respectively. We also report a hydrodynamic feedback that suppresses channel growth under thicker ice inland and allows water to be stored in the distributed system. At the terminus, we find hydrodynamic feedbacks exert a major control on calving through their impact on velocity. We show that 2012 marked a year inwhich Store Glacier developed a fully channelised drainage system, unlike 2017, where it remained only partially developed. This contrast in modelled behaviour indicates that tidewater glaciers can experience a strong hydrological, as well as oceanic, control, which is consistent with observations showing glaciers switching between seemingly dominant types. The fully coupled nature of the model allows us to demonstrate the likely lack of any hydrological or ice-dynamic memory at Store.
Robot Humanization Measure/Task
Authors: Spatola Nicolas , Marchesi Serena , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

In human-robot interaction, one key factor to predict and understand how human engage and interact with robots is how the inter-individual differences in how they perceive, consider and feel toward robots. Building on the theories of social categorization and dehumanization we aimed to develop a new tool assessing the perceived conceptual distance between humans and robots when observing robotic actions. In three studies we developed and validated the structure of a task aiming at evaluating to what extent individuals humanize robots. In this task participants were required to judge the human-likeness of robotic actions on a robot/human continuum represented by silhouettes. In a fourth study, we adapted this new tool to a decision task (with two response options robot/human) in which response time and response selection are used to infer the robot humanization bias of participants. Results showed reliable psychometric structure of the present measure in both questionnaire and decision task format. We further discuss how social categorization bias in HRI may be relevant to better predict attitudes toward robots.
The role of contextual materials in object recognition
Authors: Lauer Tim , Schmidt Filipp , Vo Melissa L.-H.
Published: June 2021

(This work has meanwhile been published in Scientific Reports: Lauer, T., Schmidt, F. & Võ, M.LH. The role of contextual materials in object recognition. Sci Rep 11, 21988 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01406-z). While scene context is known to facilitate object recognition, little is known about whichcontextual “ingredients” are at the heart of this phenomenon. Here, we address the question ofwhether the materials that frequently occur in scenes (e.g., tiles in bathroom) associated withspecific objects (e.g., a perfume) are relevant for processing of that object. To this end, wepresented photographs of consistent and inconsistent objects (e.g., perfume vs. pinecone)superimposed on scenes (e.g., bathroom) and close-ups of materials (e.g., tiles). In Experiment1, consistent objects on scenes were named more accurately than inconsistent ones, while therewas only a marginal consistency effect for objects on materials. Also, we did not find anyconsistency effect for scrambled materials that served as color control condition. In Experiment2, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) and found N300/N400 responses – markers ofsemantic violations – for objects on inconsistent relative to consistent scenes. Critically, objectson materials triggered N300/N400 responses of similar magnitudes. Our findings show thatcontextual materials indeed affect object processing – even in the absence of spatial scenestructure and object content – suggesting that material is one of the contextual “ingredients”driving scene context effects.
Local Development Planning in Nepal: Does it Actually Reflect Citizen Participation?
Authors: Gupta Anil Kumar
Published: June 2021

Active participation and meaningful engagement of citizens in local development planning and discussion are the prime agendas of development governance in Nepal. Both state and non-state actors have placed great emphasis on citizen participation in local development planning and discussion through their plans, policies, and programmes. However, evidence shows that there is a low level of citizen participation and engagement. It is worrisome that these policies, plans, and programmes adopted by the state and non-state actors have not been able to deliver the expected results. In this regard, this paper aims to analyse citizen participation in local development planning and discussion. For this, it used the evidence generated by Nepal National Governance Survey 2017/18 and analysed the data using the logistic regression model. The results indicate that the degree of citizen participation in local development planning and discussion is relatively low. Nearly 30 percent of citizens reported that they participated in the local development planning and discussion in the past. It is remarkable to note that citizen participation varies according to their background characteristics.
Public Expenditure in Nepal: A Case of Transportation Sector
Authors: Ghimire Narayan Prasad
Published: June 2021

The rapid growth in public investment in various sectors was assumed after decades of conflict and an unstable political situation. With the declaration of the Federal Republic, Nepal is going to embark on accelerated economic growth. This has somewhat caused concerns among policymakers of its implication for economic growth. And the government investment in transportation infrastructure is one of the core strategies, called the ‘infrastructure of infrastructures’. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to explain the relationship between economic growth and public expenditure in the transportation sector in Nepal. Primarily, this study has focused on the distinction of expenditures in the five-year development plans in three systems (Panchayat, Democratic, and Republic). This study used time series data collected between 1975 and 2016. The statistical and econometric tools have been used for the study. The result shows that the trend of government investment on public expenditure has increased in the Republic system. This study reveals that the variables are stationary on the first difference. The obtained regression model is satisfactory by diagnostic tests (errors are normally distributed, no serial correlation, and homoscedastic). The data explain the positive and significant influence of Transportation Capital Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product, and, hence, it is contributing to economic growth. Furthermore, the results show short-run unidirectional causation from Transportation Capital Expenditure to Gross Domestic Product.
Remittances and Development in Nepal: A Disaggregated Analysis
Authors: Adhikari Shiva Hari
Published: June 2021

Remittance flows into low/middle-income counties are on a continuous rise and this trend is seen in Nepal as well. There is a constant increase in the number of the Nepalese workers migrating for foreign employment and that has been instrumental to boost the remittance inflow into the country. Remittance is contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product and is emerging as a backbone of the country’s economy. However, the ways remittances contribute to social development necessitates that many facets of development be explored because they affect the country’s development in multiple ways. This study attempts to analyse the possibility that remittance positively contributes to social development, considering health and educational development as its proxies. Based on the latest available disaggregated educational enrolment and nutrition data of 2009 A.D. by districts, this study analyses the impact of the remittances on school enrolment and improvement in health status of families who remain at home. The results show a significant relationship between remittance and school enrolment but it also shows an insignificant relationship between remittance and health. The findings may be of interest to the countries and the policy makers with remittance being the dominant source of foreign currency. As the results of this study have indicated that remittances may serve as a contributing factor to the educational enrolment for social development.
Anatomical Variations in the Origin of Superior Thyroid Artery and its Relation with External Laryngeal Nerve and their Clinical Importance-A Cadaveric Study
Authors: T Manjappa , Pandit Ruku
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION

The major arterial supply of thyroid gland is from superior and inferior thyroid arteries. The superior thyroid artery (STA) usually arises from the external carotid artery. The external laryngeal nerve runs in close proximity to the origin of the superior thyroid artery later leaves the artery by turning medially above or below the upper pole of the thyroid gland.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A descriptive study was undertaken on 20 embalmed cadavers. The anterior triangle of neck was dissected bilaterally. The site of origin of STA level of origin in relation to the upper border of lamina of thyroid cartilage and relation of the STA with external laryngeal nerve were observed and noted.

 

RESULTS

The STA arises from the external carotid artery in 27.5%, common carotid artery in 62.5%, common carotid bifurcation in 5% and arises by a common trunk with lingual artery at common carotid bifurcation in 5%. The distance from the upper pole to the point where external laryngeal nerve turns medially is more than 10 mm in 50%, less than 10 mm in 25% and 10 mm in 25%.

 

CONCLUSION

The variations in the pattern of origin of the superior thyroid artery and its relation to external laryngeal nerve is a very common phenomenon. The head and neck surgeons must be aware of all possible variations to avoid postoperative complications and legal issues.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal: A Cross-sectional Prospective Study
Authors: Raut Shristi , Khatiwada Sulochana , GC Narayan
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION

Urinary tract of female undergoes tremendous changes during pregnancy which increases their risk of acquiring infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common entity among pregnant women which refers to significant bacteriuria (>105 bacteria per ml of urine) without any typical symptoms of urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can lead to various maternal and fetal complications if not detected and treated on time.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Total 280 urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers from pregnant women not showing typical symptoms of urinary tract infection at the time of sample collection. Urine samples were inoculated in both MacConkey agar and Blood agar by semi quantitative culture method. Culture plates were reported after 24 hours of incubation at 370C. Bacteria isolated were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

RESULTS

Out of 280 urine cultures, 213 samples were sterile. Significant bacteriuria was seen in 25 cases (8.9%) followed by insignificant bacteriuria (20, 7.14%) and contamination (17, 6.10%). Highest number of cultures positive were in age group 21-30 years (19, 9.1%,). Out of 25 cases of significant bacteriuria, 60% were primigravida and 40% were multigravida. The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli (10, 60%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5, 40%).

CONCLUSION

Screening of all pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria is essential during their antenatal checkup. Escherichia coli is the commonest organism that cause asymptomatic bacteriuria. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is absolutely necessary for positive cases on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility result to prevent unwanted obstetric complications.
Estimation of Serum Vitamin D2, Growth Hormone, Alkaline Phosphatase and Calcium Phosphate Product in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh , Gautam Narayan , Karki Manoj , Deshar Sunkeshari , Jayan Archana , Jha Amit Chandra , Tamang Binaya , Pokhrel Buddhi Raj , Shrestha Jharana , Dubey Raju Kumar
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION

The chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient's calcium phosphate product, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin-D2  and human growth hormone (hGH) are altered under haemodialysis. This study aimed to evaluate these biochemical variables in conjunction with haemoglobin and blood pressure to find out their association in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study comprised of 104 patients with ESRD undergoing haemodialysis. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation and calcium, phosphorus, ALP were measured by fully automated analyzer whereas vitamin-D2  and hGH were measured by sandwich and competitive enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) techniques.

RESULTS

The mean age of patients was 53.12 ±16.37 years comprising 68% male. The hypovitaminosis D was 57.7% deficiency and 23.1% insufficiency states whereas hGH insufficiency was 22.1%. The calcium phosphate product was found to be increased in only 39.9% cases. The increased ALP level was observed in 64.4% cases. There was statistically significant association between hGH and Hb status (p=0.03). The significant difference in mean sodium and Ca×P of ESRD cases was observed with hypertension status (p=0.03 and p=0.01) respectively. Moreover, the significant difference in mean eGFR and hGH was observed with haemoglobin status (p=0.0001and p=0.01) respectively.

CONCLUSION

Increased level of ALP and hypovitaminosis-D was very common in ESRD patients undergoing dialysis with less prevalence of hGH insufficiency and calcium phosphate product increment. The anaemia and hypertension status can be pre-existing condition with ESRD which are cumbersome to control if not monitor in these patients.
Writing A Research Paper: A Guide
Authors: Shrestha Laxmi , Joshi Bishal , Kumar Anand
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION

A research paper is a part of academic writing where there is a gathering of information from different sources. It is multistep process. Selection of title is the most important part of research writing. The title which is interesting should be chosen for the research purpose. All the related information is gathered and the title for research is synthesized. After thorough understanding and developing the title, the preliminary outline is made which maintains the logical path for its exploration. After preliminary research, proper research work is started with collection of previous resources which is then organized and important points are noted. Then research paper is written by referring to outlines, notes, articles, journals and books. The research paper should be well structured containing core parts like introduction, material and methods, results and disscussion and important additional parts like title, abstract, references.
Human-Animal Relationship in an Anthropocene Era
Authors: Gautam Dr
Published: June 2021

"How we treat our fellow creatures is only one more way in which each one of us, every day, writes our own epitaph-bearing into the world a message of light and life or just more darkness and death, adding to the world's joy or to its despair … Perhaps that is part of the animal's role among us, to awaken humility, to turn our minds back to mystery of things, and open our hearts to that most impractical of hopes in which all creation speaks as one."Matthew Scully, Dominion
Resistance of Widows in Deepa Mehta's Water
Authors: Sharma Bimala
Published: June 2021

Deepa Mehta’s Water (2005), set in 1938 explores the lives of widows in an ashram in Varanasi, India, narrates the story of bodies that enter into the machinery of power.
The Politics of Gender Culture
Authors: Paudel Udaya Raj
Published: June 2021

Queer: The Problematic of Sexuality and (Sexual) IdentityQueer Theory that has turned a derogatory and abusive term homosexuality into a respectable one does not come in a single mode. Though queer theory comes through different forms, the theory developed out of gay and lesbian feminism is more prominent and has become an umbrella term for a coalition of culturally marginal sexual self-identifications. Historically, lesbian feminism split from the mainstream feminism accusing it of representing white, middle class, and heterosexual women and ignoring the existence of black and women with ‘perverse’ sexuality” (Rivikin and Ryan 676). Implicit in its agenda was the assumption of a core lesbian identity that was either biological given or conditioned by psychosocial factors. Lesbian feminism as such then was an attempt of establishing an essential Lesbian identity with an unchanging self (Berten 226). However, a number of lesbian critics, deeply informed by Michael Foucault’s multi-volume History of Sexuality and Derridian critique of coherent self and binary opposition, began rejecting the notion of essential and fixed identity and coherent self and started seeing all forms of sexual identities including lesbian and gay as social constructs and not a biological given.
English Medium of Instruction in Multilingual Science Classes: Teaching Science or Language?
Authors: Bhandari Dor Prasad
Published: June 2021

English medium of instruction in multilingual science classes: teaching science or language? is an attempt to identify the effects, methods, and approaches of teaching science in English medium of instruction in Multilingual (ML) science classes. The article is prepared on the basis of in-depth interviews taken with science teachers who are teaching science in multilingual classes. Three science teachers are selected purposively from different three (English Medium Instructions) EMI schools of Kathmandu valley. After taking the interview it was transcribed, coded, and generated the theme. Based on the themes generated it was found that the EMI is important for teaching and learning but it is not everything. Similarly, it was found that the teaching of science is not similar to teaching the grammar structures, and always not possible to use English as a medium of making the concept clear of theoretical ideas of science.
FEATURES OF ENTERPRISES STAFF ADMINISTRATION IN THE INNOVATION CONTEXT
Authors: Kоrenyuk Petr , Zienina-Bilichenko Antonina
Published: June 2021

The mechanism of stimulation of employees taking into account the achieved personal results will help to increase the level of interest in reaching the goal of the organization, and to preserve its highly qualified work potential. The main features of innovation by industrial enterprises in the national economy are the long development and testing of innovations, the impossibility in some cases of full appropriation of it’s, the complementary nature of innovation, its close relationship with local conditions and high risk. The task of managing the innovation activity in industrial enterprises of the corporate type of the national economy branches at the present stage can be solved by applying adaptive approaches and adaptive management model. It is based on the formation of the program trajectory of the controlled system for a certain period and the creation of a management system action aimed at eliminating destabilizing disturbances that deviate the controlled system from the program trajectory. The efficiency of the national economy is largely determined by the interaction of science and practice, especially the introduction into production of advanced innovative technologies in industrial enterprises. The analysis of the peculiarities of the innovation process in the national economy shows that the introduction of innovation by enterprises is a process focused on the commercialization of innovations, which reflects the emergence, development and resolution of domestic science and practice, provided by the innovation potential of industrial enterprises.
DEVELOPMENT AREAS OF REENGINEERING PROCESSES OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY
Authors: Plakhotnik Olena
Published: June 2021

The authors considered anti-evolutionary, institutional, entrepreneurial and integration models of management systems in the context of studying the transformational cycle of economic processes development. This made it possible to prove that the effectiveness of the application of a specific approach to the organization of the structure of the management system depends on the degree of its implementation at a specific economic asset, and the transition to another structure is necessary in the case of the limitations of the existing one. It has been proven that one of the most promising mechanisms is the reengineering of business processes, which provides process orientation and an inductive approach to the use of modern information technologies, allowing flexible adaptation of the management system to changes in external and internal environments. The use of an object-oriented approach to the analysis, design and synthesis of applied software is proposed.  It will allow the use of an iterative method of project development, which increases the efficiency, quality and speed of performing all types of work, as well as the possibility of forming multi-option solutions for the development of production and economic systems.
TENDENCIES OF FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF EUROPEAN HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Hurzhiy Tamara
Published: June 2021

Households, as an institutional sector, are active actors in financial relations in the national economy. There is no consensus on explanations of certain features of financial behavior of households, its impact on the formation of the net worth of their assets. The aim of the study is to identify and explain trends in the financial behavior of European households in view of the formation of their wealth. In the process of research the following methods were used: statistical analysis of dynamics, structural analysis – to study the indicators that characterize the financial behavior of households; economic and mathematical modeling – to build a model of dependence of household wealth on the structure of their financial assets; abstract-logical method – for making conclusions. The study of financial behavior of EU households revealed: excess of disposable income over expenditures, growth of savings and wealth of EU households, high borrowings, which increase in times of crisis, especially in countries where financial assets are concentrated in insurance or pension funds. The steady tendency to expand investments in Pension Funds, even in times of crisis, is highlighted. It is emphasized that savings directed to the financial assets of households are the main impetus for long-term economic growth of the country. It is established that 76.02 % of the variability in the total net asset value of households is explained by the structure of financial assets: the growth of the share of deposits in financial assets of households has the least impact on their wealth, while the share of securities (excluding shares) and share investments in insurance funds. The practical significance of the obtained results is to substantiate the need to regulate the behavioral determinants of households in terms of economic education, financial literacy, state support for the development of a strong banking system and attractive conditions for deposits, insurance and private pension funds, securities market.
A glass Gem Depicting a Dying Niobid From the National Museum in Warsaw
Authors: Kuźmiński Michał
Published: June 2021

The National Museum in Warsaw holds a diverse collection of glass gems, both ancient and modern. One of these, a specimen depicting a dying Niobid supported by his sister, belongs to a wider group of objects scattered throughout various European museums. Such gems were mainly produced during the 1st century BC and their decoration is derived from a fragment of a relief carved by Pheidias on the statue of Zeus in Olympia which portrays the massacre of the Niobids. The fact that these gems were made of glass indicates that objects with such decorations were appreciated and popular. The myth of Niobe, in both Greek and Roman art, served multiple purposes highlighted by the choice of the story’s motives most often used in decorations. However, the reason for the use of this particular fragment of Pheidias’s relief to decorate gems as well as their popularity require additional explanation.
The ethnographic ambitions of seven Polish archaeologists
Authors: Kozłowski Stefan Karol
Published: June 2021

The article recalls the ethnographic interests of a few Polish archaeologists and one historian.
Wood Tar Production Without the Use of Ceramic Vessels: Experimental Archaeology in Grodzisko Żmijowiska
Authors: Lis Paweł , Wasilczyk Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Several pits, the remains of wood tar production using the so-called ‘vessel-less method’, were discovered in the Lublin region. They contained objects related to the early Middle Ages. These discoveries were used as the base for experiments run in 2013 in the experimental archaeology centre at Grodzisko Żmijowiska. The first experiment involved the acquisition of wood tar from birch bark, while the other attempts were aimed at extracting tar from pine stumpwood. The experiments were conducted in a shallow pit that was plastered with clay and had a small depression at its bottom used as a container for the tar, separated from the pit by a clay strainer. The raw material gathered in the pit was covered with a clay dome. When the dome was dry, it was slowly heated up with burning wood to the right temperature which was checked inside the dome with a thermocouple. Both processes were conducted successfully. The results were compared with experiments focused on the production of wood tar using the two-vessel method known in the early Middle Ages. The comparison showed that the vessel-less method is less economical due to the amount of fuel used and almost three times less efficient in terms of the raw material to final product ratio. However, it is very simple technically and allows the effective production of wood tar.
Dr. Robert Butler’s Legacy in Defining and Fighting Ageism
Authors: Achenbaum W. Andrew
Published: June 2021

Robert N. Butler, MD (1927–2010), coined the term “ageism” in 1969 to define an age-driven bigotry that disengaged older persons from virtually all sectors of American life. As founding director of the National Institute of Aging, as head of the first geriatrics department in a US medical school, and as a trailblazing idea broker, Dr. Butler continually sought to make Americans aware about the insidious effects of ageism. He accomplished much in promoting education and research, but Dr. Butler’s personal and professional campaign to extirpate ageism remains his greatest legacy.
Ageism, Existential and Ontological: Reviewing Approaches toward the Abject with the Help of Millett, Hodgman, Lessing, and Roth
Authors: Pickard Susan
Published: June 2021

In an important and provocative recent article, Paul Higgs and Chris Gilleard have linked ageism not only to structural and institutional practices but to deep-seated existential and ontological fears and horrors regarding deep old age, as crystallized in the social imaginary of the fourth age. This concept suggests the need to combat not just the more modifiable structures of ageism but also the murkier and therefore more obdurate cultural aspects, especially the association of deep old age with the abject. In this article, I suggest the writings of George Bataille may help reimagine the frailties, “uglinesses,” and filth associated with deep old age. Exploring literary memoir and fiction by a range of writers through the prism of Bataille’s work, I consider how this new approach to abjection can undermine ageism and also serve as a gateway to a more meaningful vision of both old age and the life course itself.
Ageism and Technology: The Role of Internalized Stereotypes
Authors: Ivan Loredana , Cutler Stephen J.
Published: June 2021

Ageist views have typically held that older persons are poor, frail, and resistant to change. One facet of this portrait of the older population has to do with their lower willingness and capability to learn and with their decreased openness to change (Cutler). Many of these ageist views are held by young people, resulting in a bias about the development and designs of different technologies. However, these same views are sometimes shared by older people themselves, resulting in a reluctance to adopt different technologies and the underestimation of their own performance or technology skills (Beckers et al.). In the current work, we analyze the reciprocal relationship between ageist stereotypes and technology, focusing on the implications of negative stereotypes of older people. We emphasize the self-fulfilling prophecy that technology, designed mostly by young people with the youth market in mind, creates prototypes that are more difficult for older people to use and algorithms that often fail to predict the habits, interests, and values of older people (Rosales and Fernández-Ardèvol). We also examine the role of stereotype threat impacting older people’s performance and technology adoption; for example, situation-specific anxiety when older people face younger adults who present greater digital skills (Ivan and Schiau).
RUSSIAN LEXICAL ELEMENTS FROM MILITARY LIFE IN LÁSZLO VÁRI-FÁBIAN’S NOVEL «CAMP POST»
Authors: Gazdag Vilmosh , Kordonets Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

In Transcarpathia, where the Hungarian minority lives compactly, the situation with the Hungarian military language is such that it does not function either as a terminological vocabulary or as a professional jargon in the traditional sense. This is due to the fact that in the army, official communication takes place exclusively in the state language. According to this fact, Transcarpathian Hungarian men learned military terminological vocabulary depending on the time of service either in Russian or in Ukrainian. Due to the lack of opportunities to use the native language, we cannot talk about the existence of Hungarian army slang during military service. Thus, after demobilization, military terms that appear in the memories of former conscripts, due to lack of knowledge of their counterparts in their native language, are replaced by Slavic elements learned during the service, which are naturally assimilated in the Transcarpathian Hungarian dialects. In the article, on the example of a literary prose work written in the form of memories, an attempt is made to analyze lexemes from army life, which were learned in the language of the Transcarpathian Hungarians.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND REALITY
Authors: Kachur Iryna
Published: June 2021

The correlation between language and reality is investigated in this article. The question whether language shapes the way we think or it is the reality which defines what we say is highly disputable. Any language is a complex structure of vocabulary and grammar which serves as the main means of communication, and with the help of which people can render their thoughts, achieve their goals, or simply socialize. The influence of language on our way of thinking can be observed on the example of the process of word formation in different languages or the usage of specific words, which describe phenomena common to this or that culture. However, at the same time, the reality influences lexicon as well and plays a significant role in building a culture. Moreover, grammatical categories of time and gender, which differ from language to language, may also affect the way people perceive the world. As for the category of gender, it may restrict human beings in the choice of adjectives they attribute to different entities, depending on the word being masculine or feminine. Meanwhile, the very essence of time vary from language to language, depending on it, speakers may give prominence to different chunks of information expressed in a sentence. To achieve these not only grammatical structures but also certain words may be used. Due to the differences in world images that speakers of different languages have, some cultural misunderstanding may arise. It has to be mentioned that a culture is a combination of values, moral principles, customers and traditions of a nation which are reflected in its language. Moreover, great emphasis was put on the process of acquiring a new language which has the power to alter human perception of the universe. Therefore, learning a foreign language a person as well studies its culture and begins to see the world from a different perspective. Thus, language has an impact on the human perception of the world, but at the same time, the reality has an influence on what we say.
DICTIONARY DEFINITION AS A WAY OF OBJECTIVATION OF ETHNOS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT TOOLS
Authors: Molodychuk Olha
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the peculiarities of objectification of ethnos knowledge about tools on the material of definitions of lexicographical works of different years. It has been proved that there is a seal of their creation time on dictionary interpretations. The main tools in their constructions remain as they were many years ago, but their once important details for the consciousness of a native speaker have lost their significance, so in modern definitions they are absent, because there is no need for a more detailed interpretation of these historicisms nowadays. A comparison of interpretations of tools gives grounds to talk about how their perceptions have changed during the historical development of society.

The analysis of practical material proves that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the structure of knowledge presentation and its lexicographic definition. Comparison of dictionary articles presented in lexicographical works of the middle of the 19th – early 20th enturies and late 20th – early 21st centuries proves «tool» progress of the society, where the usual for Ukrainians of the previous time period tool was interpreted in one word, because everything was clear without further explanation, while lexicographic works representing the second time period testify presentation of a detailed description of a tool in the definition, because they are actually used today by representatives of mostly older (sometimes) middle generation of Ukrainians.

The research proves that metaphorical processes are seldom recorded in lexicographical works as objectification of steps up in the semantic structure of the lexical item caused by people’s knowledge about tools and their functioning. This requires of lexicographers to create electronic versions of dictionaries to respond quickly to new meanings.
OLD BELARUSIAN BUSINESS WRITING VOCABULARY FROM THE MIDDLE 16th TO 18th CENTURIES: WAYS OF REPLENISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Paliashchuk Natallia
Published: June 2021

The article summarizes the results of the lexical studies of the Belarusian business monuments from the middle 16th to 18th centuries. The studies found the following results: 1) lexical units noted in business monuments of different genres can be divided into eight large thematic groups (legal, social and political, clerical, economic, household, professional and industrial, natural science vocabularies, and vocabulary that characterizes a person physically, mentally, and intellectually); religious, military, medical vocabularies, and lexical units from other spheres are represented to a lesser extent; polyfunctional vocabulary is highlighted separately; 2) taking into account the materials of the “Histaryčny sloŭnik bielaruskaj movy” (“Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language”), some innovations are determined, namely a) lexical units that were fixed in business writing during the specified period for the first time, b) previously known lexical units that implemented new meaning / new meanings in business writing during the specified period; 3) the dominance of certain thematic groups or their subgroups in each specific monument depends on its genre; 4) by style, one can distinguish lexemes, which were fixed in monuments of a) business content, b) business and secular-artistic content, c) business and religious content, d) business, religious and secular-artistic content during the period from the middle 16th to 18th centuries; 5) the extremely wide representation of Latinisms, the penetration and consolidation of which was influenced by extra- and intralinguistic factors, is a characteristic feature of the business writing vocabulary of the specified period. The results of the research will be important for the preparation and creation of scientific and theoretical works devoted to the evolution of the lexical system of the Belarusian language in general and its stylistic and genre varieties, in particular, to the characteristics of the vocabulary features of different Old Belarusian monuments; when compiling special lexicographic reference books, for example, a consolidated dictionary of business texts of a specific chronological section / local fixation / specific genre, etc.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE GARDEN AND THE SIGN IN THE LITERATURE IN THE SCIENTIFIC THEORIES OF VARIOUS LITERATURE RESEARCHERS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOFIYIVKA GARDEN)
Authors: Yemelianova Mariana
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the correlation between such concepts as the sign and the garden in the literature, analyzes the difference between the concepts of semantics and semiotics. The concept of the sign is analyzed in a broad sense i.e. in the context of a system of signs. The study also examines the difference between semiotics and structuralism. The theoretical works by Mikhail Bakhtin, Ferdinand de Saussure, Umberto Eco and others were used to determine the best method for studying the sign and sign systems, in particular in the literature. The article applies the method of structuralism to reveal possible errors while sign systems are being investigated. Identifying the weaknesses of structuralism resulted in the rise of a new method called structuralist semiotics. The article describes this method and its main features. The possibilities of using the structuralist semiotics method are shown on the example of Sofiyivka garden, which can be considered as a complex system of signs, and consequently literary works about this garden can be treated as signs of signs, i. e. a literary work about Sofiyivka is presented as a multilevel sign system in which semiotic levels generate each other. The garden is studied as a sign system, and a literary work about the garden can be presented as a sign system generated by another sign system.
BRECHT’S THEATER: GENRE DIVERSITY AND BASIC CONCEPTS
Authors: Fedorenko Larysa
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the drama of Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956), the peculiarities of its genre palette and analysis of the main factors of the playwright's artistic method. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: descriptive; matching method; literary analysis and synthesis. The Brecht Theater is represented by genre varieties of theatrical forms: expressionist drama, musical, opera, operetta, Lehrstück, epic and dialectic theater. The article proves that dialectics is the ideological soil and the conceptual core of the Brecht Theater. The dialectic poetics of a playwright should be understood as the method of analysis and argumentation presented by the Hegelian triad: thesis – antithesis – synthesis. In accordance with the dialectical concept, the Brecht theater puts in the center primarily the principle of contradiction, aimed at a multifaceted understanding of phenomena, overcoming a frozen, ossified way of thinking. The study defines the key concepts and principles of creating the drama of Bertolt Brecht, namely the «alienation effect» (Verfremdungseffekt) and assemblage (composition). The principle of the «alienation effect» is that a familiar phenomenon appears in the theater from an unexpected perspective, and therefore requires awareness of the viewer’s novelty. The means of this is the constant violation of theatrical illusion, the reality of what is happening on stage. The assemblage stipulates that the theatrical action is not a homogeneous system, but is a «made», «constructed» plane of various heterogeneous «materials»: dialogical discourse is interrupted by lyro-epic components (songs); in the musical plan, which is designed in the same style, jazz elements are suddenly «mounted», actors exchange roles during the performance, elements of the cinema «penetrate» the event plane, the causal course of the events depicted is interrupted by the demonstration of banners or posters with provocative appeals. The prospects for further research are the literary analysis of post-Brecht theater, that is, drama, which appeared as an imitation or negation of the dramatic principles of Brecht's theater.
ATHENA PASHKO. UNUSUAL THOUGHTS ABOUT UNUSUAL WORLDVIEW AND POETRY OF PASSIONARY PERSONALITY
Authors: Yamchuk Pavlo
Published: June 2021

The proposed article outlines the multifold semiosphere of understanding the worldview and poetics of the bright creator of the figurative word of the second half of the 20th – early 21st century – Athena Pashko. In the universe of her personality, the deep rootedness in the whole worldview-aesthetic discourse is organically combined with the specific need and ability to actualize this discourse in the Ukrainian semiosphere. The images and poetic visions created by the poetess pave a unique bridge from the «past to the future» (D. Humenna’s statement). The actual dominant of the proposed study is the study in the phenomenon of Athena Pashko specific ancient union of artistic image-meaning with the universe of the author’s personality. This dichotomous unity is recorded in the reflections and memories of contemporaries about her extraordinary personality. Attention is paid to the musicality of A. Pashko’s works and their agreement with the musicality of P. Tychyna’s poetics. Such harmony is based on the medieval-baroque aesthetics of Ukrainian music by D. Bortnyanskyi, A. Wedel and large-scale perspectives in the 21st century. A special dominant of the article, which determines the worldview-poetic universals relevant for the present and prospects, is the discourse of concordances between spiritual-intellectual phenomena of V. Svidzinskyi, P. Tychyna, V. Stus and A. Pashko. The outlined multidimensional discourse is still terra incognita in philosophical-Ukrainian studies and in particular literary studies. The article notes that the world of ideas and actions of A. Pashko as a passionary person is an unknown perspective field in the context of understanding the prospects for the revival of the Ukrainian state and the semiosphere of state formation as its ideological basis. In conceptual connection, the ideological world of A. Pashko is studied, which appears in correspondence with her husband V. Chornovil, analytical memoirs of M. Kotsiubynska, S. Kyrychenko, where philosophical and state-building dominants of the «Sixtiers» are interpreted as sources of poetics of their work and worldview.
PARAPATICS ANDREA. REGIONALITY OF THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE AND SECONDARY EDUCATION. FACTS, PROBLEMS, RECOMMENDATIONS. BUDAPEST: TINTA, 2020. 136 р.
Authors: Dudics Lakatos Kateryna , Libak Natalia
Published: June 2021

Book review.
AGNIESZKA KORNIEJENKO
Authors: Lopushan Tetiana
Published: June 2021

In memory of the Friend and the Scientist.
Illocutionary Acts Used in the Dead Poets Society Movie
Authors: Adawiyah Robiah AL , Diani Irma , Azwandi Azwandi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the category of illocutionary and reaction to illocutionary interlocutors expressed by the speakers used in the Dead Poets Society movie. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The object of the research is the Dead Poets Society movie script. Based on data analysis, the researcher found 72 utterances illocutionary acts, the dominant ones are Verdictives, namely Estimating and Behabitives, namely Complimenting, while the reaction of the interlocutor to illocutionary acts is dominated by Behabitives illocutionary acts, namely Applauding, and Expositives illocutionary acts, namely Denying. The researcher assumes the tendency of using inspired speech acts by the genre of movie, namely tragedy and drama because this movie features several characters show interest in poetry, and have conflicts between students, parents, and teachers when taught by Mr. Keating is considered to have deviated in principle from  Welton Academy. The results of this study can be used as a reference in studying speech acts in pragmatics because, in this study, the researcher classified the types of illocutionary acts more easily based on Austin's theory.