bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monotherapy treatment with chlorthalidone or amlodipine in the systolic blood pressure intervention trial (SPRINT)
Authors: Vakil Deep , Zinonos Stavros , Kostis John B. , Dobrzynski Jeanne M. , Cosgrove Nora M. , Moreyra Abel E. , Kostis William J.
Published: June 2021

This post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) examined the performance of chlorthalidone (C) versus amlodipine (A) monotherapies. ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) response between C and A. Logistic regression was used to examine monotherapy failure (adding a second antihypertensive agent or switching to a different antihypertensive agent) rates. Four hundred ninety‐one participants were treated with C monotherapy (n = 210, mean dose = 22 mg/day) or A monotherapy (n = 281, mean dose = 7 mg/day). There was a significant difference in mean SBP reduction between the C and A monotherapies at the third visit (higher reduction with A, adjusted p = .018). Unadjusted analysis showed a higher failure with C in the standard treatment group. Although the average SBP at failure was higher and above the 140 mm Hg cutoff that indicated monotherapy failure with A (142.60) compared with C (138.40), more participants on C failed despite having SBP below the 140 cutoff. This was probably due to decisions made by the investigative teams to change the antihypertensive regimen, because, in their opinion, the clinical picture required it. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, C had higher failure than A only in the standard treatment group (1.64 odds ratio [OR], 95% CI 1.06–2.56, p = .028). A sub‐analysis including participants who had never used antihypertensive treatment before randomization had similar results (2.57 OR, 95% CI 1.34–5.02, p = .004). Overall, in SPRINT chlorthalidone was associated with higher monotherapy failure than amlodipine in the standard treatment group because of decisions of the investigative teams.
Defining Telepresence as Experienced in Telehealth Encounters: A Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Groom Lisa L. , Brody Abraham A. , Squires Allison P.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Telehealth’s uptake has increased substantially in recent years, with an especially large jump in 2020 due to the emergence of COVID‐19. This article provides background on and explores “telepresence” in healthcare literature. Telepresence strongly impacts the patient experience, but it is poorly defined in current research. The aim was to conceptually define telepresence using qualitative methods.

Design

Dimensional analysis was used to analyze telepresence in clinical literature and create a clearer definition of telepresence as a concept. Multiple databases were searched for articles related to telepresence. Thirteen international articles related to telepresence were selected for analysis.

Methods

Dimensional analysis allowed for multiple viewpoints to be explored within each distinct context and perspective.

Findings

Twenty‐five dimensions were discovered within the articles, which were synthesized to seven core dimensions of telepresence: connection, technological mediation, experienced realism, trust, being supportive, collaboration, and emotional consequence.

Conclusions

Telepresence is highly impactful on the patient’s experience of telehealth care visits. The conceptual map produced by this dimensional analysis provides direction for clinicians to improve their ability to be present with patients during telehealth care. Potential implications include a starting point for future qualitative research, and the use of this dimensional analysis to inform clinical guidelines, improve clinician training, and assist in the development of new care models.

Clinical Relevance

A telepresence definition brings clarity to an ill‐defined concept. COVID‐19 magnifies the need for a better understanding of telepresence, which allows clinicians to improve telehealth encounters.
Challenges for hospital management in supporting nurses to deliver humanized care
Authors: Martin‐Ferreres Maria Luisa , Wennberg‐Capellades Laia , Rodríguez Encarnación , Llaurado‐Serra Mireia , de Juan Pardo M. Angeles
Published: June 2021

Hospitals are paying increasing attention to the delivery of humanized care. The purpose of this study was to explore from the nursing perspective what hospital managers might do to facilitate this. A secondary analysis from a primary ethnographic study regarding dignity in nursing practice was conducted. Twenty interviews of internal medicine nurses from four hospitals were analyzed, and three main themes were identified: Management of nursing teams, Management of ethical values, and Management of the context. It is important for institutional values to be closely aligned with those of the nursing profession, and nurse managers play a key role in ensuring that the latter are applied in practice. The proposed actions offer a cost‐effective framework through which nurses and managers may promote the delivery of humanized care.
Gene expression in cell lines from human ameloblastoma immortalized using hTERT and HPV16‐E6/E7
Authors: Cruz Eduardo Luis de Souza , Loureiro Felippe José Almeida , Silva Artur Luiz da Costa da , Ramos Rommel Thiago , Kataoka Maria Sueli da Silva , Pinheiro João de Jesus Viana , Alves Júnior Sérgio de Melo
Published: June 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare alterations in gene expression using two distinct immortalization methods (hTERT and HPV16‐E6/E7) in ameloblastoma cell lines.

Materials and Methods

A primary cell culture derived from human ameloblastoma (AME‐1) was established and immortalized by two different methods using a transfection processes to hTERT and HPV‐E6/E7. The RNA‐seq was used to verify which immortalization method had less influence on gene expression. It was performed in four steps: extraction and collection of mRNA, PCR amplification, comparison with the human reference genome, and analysis of differential expression. The genes with differentiated expression were identified and mapped.

Results

RNA‐seq revealed genetic alterations in ameloblastoma cell lines after the immortalization process, including increased expression of tumor genes like MYC, E2F1, BRAF, HRAS, and HTERT, and a decrease in tumor suppressor genes like P53, P21, and Rb.

Conclusions

It is possible to affirm that cell immortalization is not an inert method regarding gene regulation mechanisms and the hTERT method (AME‐TERT) presented fewer changes in gene expression levels.
Reservoirs of plant virus disease: Occurrence of wheat dwarf virus and barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses in Sweden
Authors: Yazdkhasti Elham , Hopkins Richard J. , Kvarnheden Anders
Published: June 2021

Non‐crop plants such as grasses and volunteer plants are an inseparable part of the flora of crop fields and can influence virus incidence in crop plants. The presence of grasses as virus reservoirs can lead to a higher probability of virus incidence in crop plants. However, the role of reservoirs as an inoculum source in agricultural fields has not been well studied for many viral diseases of crops. Grasses have been found to constitute potential reservoirs for cereal‐infecting viruses in different parts of the world. This study revealed that cereal‐infecting viruses such as wheat dwarf virus (WDV), barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs), and cereal yellow dwarf virus‐RPV (CYDV‐RPV) can be found among ryegrass growing in or around winter wheat fields. Phylogenetic analysis showed that a WDV isolate from ryegrass was a typical WDV‐E isolate that infects wheat. Similarly, a ryegrass isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus‐PAV (BYDV‐PAV) grouped in a clade together with other BYDV‐PAV isolates. Inoculation experiments under greenhouse conditions confirmed that annual ryegrass of various genotypes can be infected with WDV to a very low titre. Moreover, leafhoppers were able to acquire WDV from infected ryegrass plants, despite the low titre, and transmit the virus to wheat, resulting in symptoms. Information from the grass reservoir may contribute to improving strategies for controlling plant virus outbreaks in the field. Knowledge of the likely levels of virus in potential reservoir plants can be used to inform decisions on insect vector control strategies and may help to prevent virus disease outbreaks in the future.
Broad‐spectrum conceptual engineering
Authors: Isaac Manuel Gustavo
Published: June 2021

Conceptual engineering is the method for assessing and improving our representational devices. On its ‘broad‐spectrum’ version, it is expected to be appropriately applicable to any of our representation‐involving cognitive activities, with major consequences for our whole cognitive life. This paper is about the theoretical foundations of conceptual engineering thus characterised. With a view to ensuring the actionability of conceptual engineering as a broad‐spectrum method, it addresses the issue of how best to construe the subject matter of conceptual engineering and successively defends the theses that conceptual engineering should be: (i) About concepts, (ii) psychologically theorised, (iii) as multiply realised functional kinds. Thereby, I claim to theoretically secure and justify the maximum scope, flexibility, and impact for the method of conceptual engineering on our representational devices in our whole cognitive life—in other words, a broad‐spectrum version of conceptual engineering.
Identifying groups of determinants in Bayesian model averaging using Dirichlet process clustering
Authors: Grün Bettina , Hofmarcher Paul
Published: June 2021

Model uncertainty is a pervasive problem in regression applications. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) takes model uncertainty into account and identifies robust determinants. However, it requires the specification of suitable model priors. Mixture model priors are appealing because they explicitly account for different groups of covariates as robust determinants. Specific Dirichlet process clustering (DPC) model priors are proposed; their correspondence to the binomial model prior derived and methods to perform the BMA analysis including a DPC postprocessing procedure to identify groups of determinants are outlined. The application of these model priors is demonstrated in a simulation exercise and in an empirical analysis of cross‐country economic growth data. The BMA analysis is performed using the Markov chain Monte Carlo model composition sampler to obtain samples from the posterior of the model specifications. Results are compared with those obtained under a beta‐binomial and a collinearity‐adjusted dilution model prior.
Digital Archaeological Archiving in Israel
Authors: Matskevich Sveta , Weinblum Liat
Published: June 2021

In this article, the authors present two points of view on the preservation and dissemination of archaeological data in Israel: an official version of the policy makers (the Israel Antiquities Authority, henceforth IAA), and the view from the archaeological, especially academic, community outside the IAA. This includes an assessment of the strategies undertaken (or not) over the last 40+ years resulting in the majority of data being inaccessible, and documenting significant data loss since the 1990s. This is followed by current work to address these issues, including not only efforts to digitise but misconceptions about the problems digitisation both solves and creates, along with recommendations for how to approach the issues going forward.
A Turn Towards the Digital. An Overview of Swedish Heritage Information Management Today
Authors: Löwenborg Daniel , Jonsson Maria , Larsson Åsa , Nordinge Johan
Published: June 2021

Heritage management in Sweden has undergone a substantial transformation in recent decades. The process of monitoring and managing heritage information has become increasingly digital, relying on interconnected systems to monitor registered archaeological remains to manage investigations and contract archaeology excavations. This also has to work together with the digital systems of the County Administrative Boards that administer all permissions for excavations. Current developments deal with archiving and dissemination of reports, and documentation from fieldwork. Documentation of archaeological excavations has predominantly been digital for the past 20 years, which brings both possibilities and challenges in making sure the information will adhere to the FAIR Principles. This article outlines some of these developments and exemplifies the possibilities of reusing legacy data through the Urdar project.
Archaeological Digital Archiving in Turkey
Authors: Atalan Çayırezmez Nurdan , Hacıgüzeller Piraye , Kalayci Tuna
Published: June 2021

This article provides a brief overview of archaeological digital archiving in Turkey. It introduces the legal framework and the stakeholders involved in conducting archaeological excavations and surveys. The current situation in archiving born-digital and digitised documentation produced during archaeological fieldwork is then introduced. Existing repositories serving as hubs for archaeological and heritage archiving are listed and briefly discussed. Analysis of online publishing practices for archaeological digital resources points to an eclectic landscape that only minimally complies with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. We conclude that guidelines for best practice in metadata and semantic technologies, locally applicable standards (especially controlled vocabularies), technical know-how, and a larger acceptance of open data and scholarship remain much-needed assets for archaeological digital archiving in Turkey. We also conclude that the future promises progress towards more interoperable archaeological digital archives thanks to international training, network and knowledge transfer opportunities (e.g. SEADDA Project).
Digital Archaeological Archiving in Baden-Württemberg, Germany: an evolving system
Authors: Bibby David
Published: June 2021

Since 2005, the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Baden-Württemberg has been collecting semi-structured archaeological digital project data with the aim of one day turning that data into a real long-term digital archive. This process is still ongoing. In the last 15 years appropriate data formats have been defined, and the transition from CAD to GIS as the mainstay of project recording in Baden-Württemberg has been made. The research-driven development of the Software Survey2GIS (GNU GPL), initiated by the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Baden-Württemberg, facilitates on the one hand an easy-to-use transition of field data into GIS and on the other better control of data formats. We are learning to cope with increasingly more complex data - laser scan, LIDAR and sfm data. The recent advent of commercial archaeology in the state of Baden Württemberg is another factor with which we are confronted. We have experimented with the best methods of convincing archaeologists, technicians and ancillary staff of the necessity of saving their data in a central repository - for example friendliness, even occasional coercion, as well as the guarantee of recoverable data if the deposition rules are followed. The boundary of each saved excavation or survey project is uploaded to the State's own cultural heritage GIS-Application - ADAB - where it can be accessed by researchers. A simple click within the polygon will invoke metadata about the project as well as a selection of quintessential photos. The excavation archive in Baden-Württemberg is, as yet, by no means a fully accessible, usable 'real' digital archive. But we are succeeding in saving the data in a structured manner for future transition into that 'real' archive - hopefully as a pilot project within the framework of the federally financed NFDI infrastructure.
Metal additively manufactured phononic materials as ultrasonic filters in nonlinear ultrasound measurements
Authors: Smith Elizabeth J. , Matlack Kathryn H.
Published: June 2021

Nonlinear ultrasound (NLU) is a nondestructive evaluation method that is sensitive to damage at length scales well below those detected by conventional ultrasonic methods. Micro- and nano-scale damage correlates to the second harmonic generated by a sinusoidal wave as it propagates through a material. However, NLU measurements are plagued by experimentally-induced nonlinearities and require careful calibrations that have limited them to laboratory measurements. Here, we propose the use of additive manufacturing (AM) phononic materials with ultrasonic filtering properties to reduce extraneous nonlinearities. To do this, finite element simulations were first used to design and analyze phononic materials to transmit an ultrasonic wave but forbid the propagation of its second harmonic. Phononic filters were then fabricated with AM and experimentally characterized in the ultrasonic regime. Results show that the phononic materials behave as low-pass filters, where the cut-off frequency is controlled by the unit cell geometry and also influenced by defects and microstructure from the AM process. Finally, the phononic filters were incorporated into NLU measurements, demonstrating the removal of extraneous nonlinearities and thus better isolating second harmonic generation in a test sample. This work suggests that AM phononic materials could improve NLU and other nondestructive evaluation measurements.
Dutch listeners' perception of English lexical stress: A cue-weighting approach
Authors: Tremblay Annie , Broersma Mirjam , Zeng Yuyu , Kim Hyoju , Lee Jinmyung , Shin Seulgi
Published: June 2021

We investigate whether acoustic cue weightings are transferred from the native language to the second language [research question 1 (RQ1)], how cue weightings change with increasing second-language proficiency (RQ2), and whether individual cues are used independently or together in the second language (RQ3). Vowel reduction is a strong cue to lexical stress in English but not Dutch. Native English listeners and Dutch second-language learners of English completed a cue-weighting stress perception experiment. Participants heard sentence-final pitch-accented auditory stimuli and identified them as DEsert (initial stress) or deSSERT (final stress). The stimuli were manipulated in seven steps from initial to final stress, manipulating two dimensions at a time: vowel quality and pitch, vowel quality and duration, and pitch and duration (other dimensions neutralized). Dutch listeners relied less on vowel quality and more on pitch than English listeners, with Dutch listeners' sensitivity to vowel quality increasing with English proficiency but their sensitivity to pitch not varying with proficiency; Dutch listeners evidenced similar or weaker reliance on duration than did English listeners, and their sensitivity to duration increased with proficiency; and Dutch listeners' use of pitch and duration were positively related. These results provide general support for a cue-based transfer approach to the perception of lexical stress.
Direct dating of lithic surface artifacts using luminescence
Authors: Gliganic Luke Andrew , Meyer Michael Christian , May Jan-Hendrik , Aldenderfer Mark Steven , Tropper Peter
Published: June 2021

Exploiting the luminescence signal stored in rock surfaces allows numerical dating of archaeological artifacts.
Controlling the anisotropy of a van der Waals antiferromagnet with light
Authors: Afanasiev Dmytro , Hortensius Jorrit R. , Matthiesen Mattias , Mañas-Valero Samuel , Šiškins Makars , Lee Martin , Lesne Edouard , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Steeneken Peter G. , Ivanov Boris A. , Coronado Eugenio , Caviglia Andrea D.
Published: June 2021

Ultrafast optical control of magnetic anisotropy in a van der Waals antiferromagnet activates a sub-THz two-dimensional magnon.
Epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in pediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: Wang Juan , Huang Tina Yi-Ting , Hou Ye , Bartom Elizabeth , Lu Xinyan , Shilatifard Ali , Yue Feng , Saratsis Amanda
Published: June 2021

Distinct genomic structural variations are found in pediatric high-grade glioma, affecting tumor gene expression.
Response to Comment on Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals
Authors: Conti-Jerpe Inga E. , Thompson Philip D. , Wong Cheong Wai Martin , Oliveira Nara L. , Duprey Nicolas N. , Moynihan Molly A. , Baker David M.
Published: June 2021

We outline best practices for using Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R analysis to measure symbiotic trophic niches.
Properties of Acetate Kinase Isozymes and a Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Kinase from a Spirochete
Authors: Harwood Caroline S. , Canale-Parola Ercole
Published: June 2021

Spirochete MA-2, which is anaerobic, ferments glucose, forming acetate as a major product. The spirochete also ferments (but does not utilize as growth substrates) small amounts of
l
-leucine,
l
-isoleucine, and
l
-valine, forming the branched-chain fatty acids isovalerate, 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutyrate, respectively, as end products. Energy generated through the fermentation of these amino acids is utilized to prolong cell survival under conditions of growth substrate starvation. A branched-chain fatty acid kinase and two acetate kinase isozymes were resolved from spirochete MA-2 cell extracts. Kinase activity was followed by measuring the formation of acyl phosphate from fatty acid and ATP. The branched-chain fatty acid kinase was active with isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, isovalerate, butyrate, valerate, or propionate as a substrate but not with acetate as a substrate. The acetate kinase isozymes were active with acetate and propionate as substrates but not with longer-chain fatty acids as substrates. The acetate kinase isozymes and the branched-chain fatty acid kinase differed in nucleoside triphosphate and cation specificities. Each acetate kinase isozyme had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 125,000, whereas the branched-chain fatty acid kinase had a molecular weight of approximately 76,000. These results show that spirochete MA-2 synthesizes a branched-chain fatty acid kinase specific for leucine, isoleucine, and valine fermentation. It is likely that a phosphate branched-chain amino acids is also synthesized by spirochete MA-2. Thus, in spirochete MA-2, physiological mechanisms have evolved which serve specifically to generate maintenance energy from branched-chain amino acids.
Molecular cloning of eucaryotic genes required for excision repair of UV-irradiated DNA: isolation and partial characterization of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Naumovski L , Friedberg E C
Published: June 2021

We describe the molecular cloning of a 6-kilobase (kb) fragment of yeast chromosomal DNA containing the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When present in the autonomously replicating yeast cloning vector YEp24, this fragment transformed two different UV-sensitive, excision repair-defective rad3 mutants of S. cerevisiae to UV resistance. The same result was obtained with a variety of other plasmids containing a 4.5-kb subclone of the 6-kb fragment. The UV sensitivity of mutants defective in the RAD1, RAD2, RAD4, and RAD14 loci was not affected by transformation with these plasmids. The 4.5-kb fragment was subcloned into the integrating yeast vector YIp5, and the resultant plasmid was used to transform the rad3-1 mutant to UV resistance. Both genetic and physical studies showed that this plasmid integrated by homologous recombination into the rad3 site uniquely. We conclude from these studies that the cloned DNA that transforms the rad3-1 mutant to UV resistance contains the yeast chromosomal RAD3 gene. The 4.5-kb fragment was mapped by restriction analysis, and studies on some of the subclones generated from this fragment indicate that the RAD3 gene is at least 1.5 kb in size.
Regulation of RAD54- and RAD52-lacZ gene fusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to DNA damage
Authors: Cole G M , Schild D , Lovett S T , Mortimer R K
Published: June 2021

The RAD52 and RAD54 genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in both DNA repair and DNA recombination. RAD54 has recently been shown to be inducible by X-rays, while RAD52 is not. To further investigate the regulation of these genes, we constructed gene fusions using 5' regions upstream of the RAD52 and RAD54 genes and a 3'-terminal fragment of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene. Yeast transformants with either an integrated or an autonomously replicating plasmid containing these fusions expressed beta-galactosidase activity constitutively. In addition, the RAD54 gene fusion was inducible in both haploid and diploid cells in response to the DNA-damaging agents X-rays, UV light, and methyl methanesulfonate, but not in response to heat shock. The RAD52-lacZ gene fusion showed little or no induction in response to X-ray or UV radiation nor methyl methanesulfonate. Typical induction levels for RAD54 in cells exposed to such agents were from 3- to 12-fold, in good agreement with previous mRNA analyses. When MATa cells were arrested in G1 with alpha-factor, RAD54 was still inducible after DNA damage, indicating that the observed induction is independent of the cell cycle. Using a yeast vector containing the EcoRI structural gene fused to the GAL1 promoter, we showed that double-strand breaks alone are sufficient in vivo for induction of RAD54.
Promoting corporate image or preventing underage use? Analysis of the advertising strategy and expenditures of the JUUL parent education for youth vaping prevention campaign
Authors: Kostygina Ganna , Szczypka Glen , Czaplicki Lauren , Borowiecki Mateusz , Ahn Roy , Schillo Barbara , Emery Sherry L
Published: June 2021

Objective

In April 2018, JUUL Labs announced a $30 million investment in efforts to combat underage use of its products through ‘independent research, youth and parent education and community engagement’. Prior evidence demonstrates that tobacco industry-funded prevention programmes are ineffective and may work against tobacco control efforts; they do not discourage novices and youth from tobacco use but often improve the tobacco industry’s public image. We describe the nature, timing of and expenditures related to the JUUL underage use prevention advertisements across media channels.

Methods

Expenditures for newspaper, magazine, television, and radio marketing and promotional efforts were collected through Kantar Media’s ‘Stradegy’ dashboard, an online platform which provides counts of advertisement occurrences and expenditures on various media channels. JUUL public relations and corporate social responsibility ads were identified in the Kantar Database. All ad expenditures were extracted and aggregated by date. Analysis of the expenditure data was triangulated with newspaper and industry advertisement archives.

Results

Advertisements aired nationally and in over half of all US-designated market areas (n=130) across media platforms including newspapers, magazines, radio, and online in mobile web and internet displays. In 2018, JUUL Labs spent $30 million, predominantly for print advertising. The ‘What Parents Need to Know about JUUL’ ads primarily advertised JUUL’s smoking reduction ‘mission’ and promoted the product. By 2019, advertising increased to $36.2 million. JUUL’s message strategy transitioned to ‘Cracking Down on Underage Sales in Retail Stores’ and featured adult smoker testimonies, linking JUUL to smoking cessation.

Discussion

Marketing expenditures promoting JUUL’s corporate social responsibility mission exceeded their $30 million investment in the underage use prevention efforts. The expenditures were focused on the media market areas where health organisation and legislative officials were launching investigations into JUUL social media and other promotional strategies.
Effect of a hypothetical modified risk tobacco product claim on heated tobacco product use intention and perceptions in young adults
Authors: Chen-Sankey Julia C , Kechter Afton , Barrington-Trimis Jessica , McConnell Rob , Krueger Evan A , Cruz Tess Boley , Unger Jennifer B , Chaffee Benjamin W , Leventhal Adam
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims for heated tobacco products (HTPs) that convey reduced exposure compared with conventional cigarettes may promote product initiation and transition among young people. We assessed the effects of a hypothetical MRTP claim for HTPs on young adults’ intention and perceptions of using HTPs and whether these effects differed by their current cigarette and e-cigarette use.

Methods

We embedded a randomised between-subjects experiment into a web-based survey administered among a cohort of 2354 Southern California young adults (aged 20–23) in 2020. Participants viewed depictions of HTPs with an MRTP claim (n=1190) or no claim (n=1164). HTP use intention and HTP-related harm and use perceptions relative to cigarettes and e-cigarettes were assessed.

Results

Overall, participants who viewed versus did not view the claim did not differ in HTP use intention (28.5% vs 28.7%) but were more likely to perceive HTPs as less harmful than cigarettes (11.4% vs 7.0%; p<0.001). The experimental effect on HTP use intention did not differ among past 30-day cigarette smokers versus non-smokers (interaction adjusted OR (AOR)=0.78, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.76) but differed among past 30-day e-cigarette users versus non-users (interaction AOR=1.67, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.68).

Discussion

The hypothetical MRTP claim may lower young adults’ HTP harm perceptions compared with cigarettes but may not change HTP use intention overall or differentially for cigarette smokers. The larger effect on HTP use intention among e-cigarette users than non-users raises the question of whether MRTP claims may promote HTP use or HTP and e-cigarette dual use among young e-cigarette users.
The layered phase of anisotropic gauge theories: A model for topological insulators
Authors: Nicolis Stam
Published: June 2021

Topological insulators are materials where current does not flow through the bulk, but along the boundaries, only. They are of particular practical importance, since it is considerably more difficult, by “conventional” means, to affect their transport properties, than for the case of conventional materials. They are, thus, particularly robust to perturbations. One way to accomplish such changes is by engineering defects. The defects that have been the most studied are domain walls; however flux compactifications can also work. We recall the domain wall construction and compare it to the construction from flux compactification. A particular way of engineering the presence of such defects is by introducing anisotropic couplings for the gauge fields. In this case, a new phase appears, where matter is confined along layers and local degrees of freedom cannot propagate through the bulk. It is also possible to take into account the “backreaction” of the dynamics of the gauge fields on the defects and find that a new phase, the layered phase, where, while transport of local degrees of freedom is confined to surfaces, the topological properties can propagate through the bulk, constituting an example of anomaly flow. The anisotropy itself can be understood as emerging from a particular Maxwell-dilaton coupling.
Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau particles in the presence of the spiral dislocation
Authors: Hassanabadi S. , Zare S. , Lütfüoğlu B. C. , Kříž J. , Hassanabadi H.
Published: June 2021

In this study, we investigated the influence of the topological defects space–time with a spiral dislocation on a spin-zero boson field by using the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) equation. To be more specific, we solved the generalized spin-zero DKP equation in the presence of a spiral dislocation exactly. We derived the wave function and corresponding energy eigenvalues for two cases, in the absence and presence of a static potential by using analytical methods. We numerically demonstrated the effect of the spiral dislocation on the solutions.
SUSY coherent states and enhanced canonical quantizations for Pauli model
Authors: Hounguevou Jean Vignon , Takou Daniel Sabi , Avossevou Gabriel Y. H.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study coherent states for a quantum Pauli model through supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) method. From the point of view of canonical quantization, the construction of these coherent states is based on the very important differential operators in SUSYQM call factorization operators. The connection between classical and quantum theory is given by using the geometric properties of these states.
Drinfeld–Manin solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation coming from cube complexes
Authors: Vdovina Alina
Published: June 2021

The most common geometric interpretation of the Yang–Baxter equation is by braids, knots and relevant Reidemeister moves. So far, cubes were used for connections with the third Reidemeister move only. We will show that there are higher-dimensional cube complexes solving the [Formula: see text]-state Yang–Baxter equation for arbitrarily large [Formula: see text]. More precisely, we introduce explicit constructions of cube complexes covered by products of [Formula: see text] trees and show that these cube complexes lead to new solutions of the Yang–Baxter equations.
SUPPRESSING SPIRAL WAVE TURBULENCE IN A SIMPLE FRACTIONAL-ORDER DISCRETE NEURON MAP USING IMPULSE TRIGGERING
Authors: RAJAGOPAL KARTHIKEYAN , PANAHI SHIRIN , CHEN MO , JAFARI SAJAD , BAO BOCHENG
Published: June 2021

One-dimensional (1D) map-based neuron models are of significant interest according to their simplicity of simulation and ability to mimic real neurons’ complex behaviors. A fractional-order 1D neuron map is proposed in this paper. Dynamical characteristics of the model are analyzed by obtaining bifurcation diagrams and the Lyapunov exponents’ diagram. Furthermore, emerging the spiral wave as one of the most important collective behaviors is studied in a 2D lattice consisting of this new FO neuron model. The outcome of changing stimuli, coupling strength, and fractional-order parameter as the effective parameters is examined in this network. Moreover, an efficient way of suppressing the spiral wave has been investigated using impulse triggering.
Specific features of SH-waves propagation in structures with prestressed inhomogeneous coating made of piezoceramics based on LiNbO3
Authors: Belyankova T. I. , Vorovich E. I. , Kalinchuk V. V. , Tukodova O. M.
Published: June 2021

Within the framework of the linearized theory of electroelastic wave propagation, a model of a piezoelectric structure with a prestressed functionally graded coating made of piezoceramics of a trigonal system with a symmetry class of 3m is considered. The ferroelectric LiNbO3 is used as the main material of the structure. The initial deformed state of the coating material is homogeneous, induced by the action of initial mechanical stresses and an external electrostatic field, the properties of the coating continuously change in thickness. By the example of the problem of the propagation of SH-waves from a remote source for structures with an inhomogeneous prestressed coating in the case of an electrically free and short-circuited surface, the influence of the nature and localization of the inhomogeneity of the coating on the features of SAW propagation is studied. The separate and combined effects of initial actions on changes in the physical properties of the structure, the transformation of the surface wave field, and the change in the SAW velocities in a wide frequency range is studied. The results obtained in this work are useful for understanding the dynamic processes in prestressed piezoelectric structures, in the optimization and design of new structures and devices on SAW with high performance characteristics.
Emmanuel Farhi, Economist Par Excellence
Authors: Tirole Jean
Published: June 2021

Undoubtedly one of the best economists of his generation, Emmanuel Farhi transformed the theories of taxation, macroeconomics, and international finance. This essay describes his itinerary and his research style and attempts to pay tribute to his immense contribution to economics.
Carbon Taxes in Theory and Practice
Authors: Metcalf Gilbert E.
Published: June 2021

As of 2020, carbon taxes were in effect in 30 jurisdictions around the world. This article provides a theoretical overview of carbon taxes along with some empirical evidence on the macroeconomic impacts of existing taxes, including emission reductions. It compares and contrasts carbon taxes with other policy instruments to reduce emissions. It also highlights issues that have recently attracted the attention of researchers on which additional research would be beneficial. Those include ( a) the role of border adjustments in a unilaterally imposed carbon tax, ( b) hybrid carbon tax systems that increase the likelihood of hitting desired emission reduction targets, ( c) the optimal price path for a carbon tax, and ( d) the growing empirical literature on the economic impact of carbon taxes.
Assessment of the Diversity of Medico-Magic Knowledge on Four Herbaceous Species in Benin
Authors: Dossou-Yovo Hubert Olivier , Kindomihou Valentin , Vodouhè Fifanou Gbèlidji , Sinsin Brice
Published: June 2021

Background. Ethnobotanical knowledge on four herbaceous species, Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass., Momordica charantia L., Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., and Scoparia dulcis L., in Benin was investigated. Methods. Herbal medicine traders in six different markets were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The linear regression test was performed to check for the influence of respondent’s age on ethnobotanical uses they hold. Relative frequency citation, fidelity level, use value, and Rahman similarity index were calculated to assess the diversity of medico-magic knowledge. The Informant Consensus Factor is not applicable in this study since we are dealing neither with the diversity of medicinal plants used by a community of people nor with a great number of plant species used for medicinal purposes, nor the diversity of plant species used in the treatment of a specific or group of ailments. Results. The respondent's age did not influence the ethnobotanical uses they hold on the species. All thirty-six informants surveyed traded Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Momordica charantia L., and Scoparia dulcis L., and the majority traded Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. The respondent's age does not influence the diversity of ethnobotanical uses they hold on the study species. Purchase in traders’ own markets was the predominant source of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Momordica charantia L., and Scoparia dulcis L. while Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. was mostly purchased in other more distant markets. A noticeable proportion of traders also collect Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. and Momordica charantia L. from wild populations. Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. was the species most demanded by customers followed by Momordica charantia L. Traders confirmed the scarcity of all species in recent years and climate change and destruction of natural habitats for logging were the most cited causes. The entire plant of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. was used mainly to treat malaria, diabetes, and constipation, and decoction with oral administration was the most frequent preparation for malaria treatment. To treat diabetes, informants mixed Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. with Momordica charantia L. used as a decoction with oral administration. Momordica charantia L. was also used to treat measles and chicken pox. Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. and Scoparia dulcis L. were mostly used for their spiritual use for luck, predominantly by chewing fresh leaves or flowers, and by bathing with the ground plant mixed with soap, respectively. Overall, Momordica charantia L. had the greatest use value followed by Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. The majority of traders do not plant the species. Conclusions. The harvesting and trade of the species threaten their natural populations and urgent tools, including in situ and ex situ conservation, are needed to ensure their long-term sustainable exploitation.
Endodontic Microbiology: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 50 Classics
Authors: Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Maqbool Manahil , Ahmad Paras , Abdul Muqthadir Siddiqui Mohammed , Marya Anand , Venugopal Adith , Shaik Gul Muhammad , Scardina Giuseppe Alessandro , Messina Pietro , Noorani Tahir Yusuf
Published: June 2021

Background. Citation analysis has emerged to play a significant role in recognition of the most useful areas of research. Endodontic microbiology has been a topic of interest for endodontists as well as periodontists and oral surgeons. This bibliometric analysis is aimed at identifying and reporting the characteristics of the top 50 cited articles on endodontic microbiology. Methods. The articles were identified through a search on Web of Science (WoS), property of Clarivate Analytics database published on endodontic microbiology. The citation information of the selected articles was recorded. The Journal of Endodontics, International Endodontic Journal, Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology, Dental Traumatology, and Australian Endodontic Journal were searched in the search title. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using a statistical software package SPSS. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro‐Wilk, Kruskal‐Wallis, Post hoc, Mann‐Kendall trend, and Spearman‐rank tests. Results. The 50 most cited articles were published from 1965 to 2012 with citation count varying from 1065 to 103 times. The total citation counts of articles recorded were 11,525 (WoS), 12,602 (Elseviers’ Scopus), and 28,871 (Google Scholar). The most prolific years in terms of publications were 2001, 2002, and 2003, with five publications each, followed by 2005 with four. The year with most citations was 1998, with 1,330 citations, followed by 1965 and 2001, with 1,065 and 1,015 citations, respectively. A total of 136 authors contributed to the top 50 most cited articles with 27 corresponding institutions from 12 different countries. The most common methodological design was in vitro study, followed by clinic‐laboratory study, literature review, systematic review and meta‐analysis, and animal study. Conclusions. The present study provided a detailed list of the top 50 most cited and classic articles on microbiology in endodontics. This will help researchers, students, and clinicians in the field of endodontics as an impressive source of information.
Active Learning and the Potential of Neural Networks Accelerate Molecular Screening for the Design of a New Molecule Effective against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Yassine Rabhi , Makrem Mrabet , Farhat Fnaiech
Published: June 2021

A global pandemic has emerged following the appearance of the new severe acute respiratory virus whose official name is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), strongly affecting the health sector as well as the world economy. Indeed, following the emergence of this new virus, despite the existence of a few approved and known effective vaccines at the time of writing this original study, a sense of urgency has emerged worldwide to discover new technical tools and new drugs as soon as possible. In this context, many studies and researches are currently underway to develop new tools and therapies against SARS CoV‐2 and other viruses, using different approaches. The 3‐chymotrypsin (3CL) protease, which is directly involved in the cotranslational and posttranslational modifications of viral polyproteins essential for the existence and replication of the virus in the host, is one of the coronavirus target proteins that has been the subject of these extensive studies. Currently, the majority of these studies are aimed at repurposing already known and clinically approved drugs against this new virus, but this approach is not really successful. Recently, different studies have successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of artificial intelligence‐based techniques to understand existing chemical spaces and generate new small molecules that are both effective and efficient. In this framework and for our study, we combined a generative recurrent neural network model with transfer learning methods and active learning‐based algorithms to design novel small molecules capable of effectively inhibiting the 3CL protease in human cells. We then analyze these small molecules to find the correct binding site that matches the structure of the 3CL protease of our target virus as well as other analyses performed in this study. Based on these screening results, some molecules have achieved a good binding score close to ‐18 kcal/mol, which we can consider as good potential candidates for further synthesis and testing against SARS‐CoV‐2.
HaNDL Syndrome Presenting with Thunderclap Headache
Authors: Parasram Melvin , Malhotra Ashwin , Yoo Andrea S. , Mir Saad A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is defined as a secondary, nonvascular headache disorder characterized by the findings described in its name. Patients with HaNDL syndrome typically present with gradual onset migrainous headaches of moderate to severe intensity with transient neurological symptoms. Case Report. We discuss a patient who presented with thunderclap headache, recent transient neurologic deficits, and was ultimately diagnosed with HaNDL after an extensive neurologic evaluation. Conclusion. Thunderclap headache has very rarely been described in patients with HaNDL. After excluding emergent and secondary causes, HaNDL should be considered in patients with thunderclap-quality headaches, particularly when there is a history of transient neurological symptoms.
Application of Mobile Edge Computing Technology in Civil Aviation Express Marketing
Authors: Yu Ying
Published: June 2021

With the popularization of mobile terminals and the rapid development of mobile communication technology, many PC‐based services have placed high demands on data processing and storage functions. Cloud laptops that transfer data processing tasks to the cloud cannot meet the needs of users due to low latency and high‐quality services. In view of this, some researchers have proposed the concept of mobile edge computing. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is based on the 5G evolution architecture. By deploying multiple service servers on the base station side near the edge of the user’s mobile core network, it provides nearby computing and processing services for user business. This article is aimed at studying the use of caching and MEC processing functions to design an effective caching and distribution mechanism across the network edge and apply it to civil aviation express marketing. This paper proposes to focus on mobile edge computing technology, combining it with data warehouse technology, clustering algorithm, and other methods to build an experimental model of MEC‐based caching mechanism applied to civil aviation express marketing. The experimental results in this paper show that when the cache space and the number of service contents are constant, the LECC mechanism among the five cache mechanisms is more effective than LENC, LRU, and RR in cache hit rate, average content transmission delay, and transmission overhead. For example, with the same cache space, ATC under the LECC mechanism is about 4%~9%, 8%~13%, and 18%~22% lower than that of LENC, LRU, and RR, respectively.