bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Range Extender Technologies in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Evelyn Evelyn , Aziz Abd. Rashid Abd. , Sambegoro Poetro Lebdo ,   Centre for Automotive Research and Electric Mobility, Research and Innovation, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia,   Centre for Automotive Research and Electric Mobility, Research and Innovation, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia,   Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia,   National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia
Published: April 2020

With the increasing global concern on negative environmental effect from the transportation sector, conventional automobile technologies will not be viable for much longer. Countries like the EU and China have introduced emission related regulations which are stricter than ever. This has compelled automotive manufacturer to turn to Electric Vehicles (EV) as the most effective solution to this issue. There are mainly two types of EV, namely Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). Both has its own strength and shortcomings, BEV with zero emission but limited range while HEV has better range at the expense of higher emission. Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) provides a midpoint between these options. This option provides the best of both worlds by allowing users to switch between both systems depending on the vehicle’s operating condition. This paper aims to presents a variety of Range Extender (RE) configurations based on its working principle and type of fuel used. Internal combustion engine, fuel cell, and microturbine are what RE is commonly powered by. The advantages and disadvantages are evaluated and compared to determine the optimal option. It was concluded that depending on fuel availability, space, and efficiency requirement, each configuration has its own merit.
EFEITOS DE UM PROGRAMA DE INTERVENÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR SOBRE A FUNÇÃO PULMONAR, FORÇA DE MEMBROS SUPERIORES E APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA DE ADOLESCENTES COM SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE
Authors: Borfe Letícia , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Schneiders Letícia de Borba , Nunes Paiva Dulciane , Burgos Miria Suzana
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção sobre a função pulmonar, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) e força explosiva de membros superiores (FMS) de adolescentes com excesso de peso. De caráter quase-experimental, o estudo avaliou 46 adolescentes com excesso de peso, alocados no Grupo Experimental (GE) (n=23) e Grupo Controle (GC) (n=23). O GE participou do programa de intervenção interdisciplinar, três vezes por semana, com orientação nutricional, psicológica e exercícios físicos ao longo de seis meses. Foram realizadas avaliações, da função pulmonar, APCR e FMS de ambos os grupos, antes e após o programa. A análise estatística realizada no programa SPSS, comparou os resultados pré e pós-teste, entre os grupos, utilizando o teste t Student para amostras independentes e o teste de Mann-Whitney. A comparação intragrupos foi realizada através do teste t Student ou Wilcoxon (p
Polonika kościelne XIX i XX wieku w Archiwach Watykańskich (Rzymskich): (wykorzystane i do wykorzystania)
Authors: Synowiec Damian
Published: April 2020

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Działalność Stowarzyszenia Archiwistów Kościelnych
Authors: Boguniowski Wacław
Published: April 2020

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Inwentarz łacińskich ksiąg metrykalnych Archiwum Diecezjalnego w Częstochowie: (cd.)
Authors: Związek Jan
Published: April 2020

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Teacher-training institutions under the reign of emperor Alexander II
Authors: Konstantinova Natalia D.
Published: April 2020

This article is based on a brief historical analysis of the work of teacher training institutes in the system of professional pedagogical education in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. The selected material contains information about the educational content of future teachers for city colleges and their value orientations.
Criticism of the soviet educational policy by the Russian émigré educators
Authors: Milovanov Konstantin Yu.
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the issue of criticizing the Soviet educational policy by prominent Russian émigré educators. The features of the emergence and existence of a special supranational cultural and educational space – the Russian pedagogical émigré society – are revealed. A select circle of scientists, thinkers, philosophers, and religious figures dealing with issues of education and upbringing has been identified. The views of prominent representatives of the Russian emigrant world in relation to operating the school education policy by the Soviet government are described.
The influence of social networks on the development of psychological dependence of students of the pedagogical higher education institution: practical aspect
Authors: Dolganina Vera V. , Shivranyan Arevik E.
Published: April 2020

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the issue of psychological dependence of modern youth on social networks, emphasizing the scale at the present stage of social development. The authors describe both the positive and negative effects of social networks on an individual, considering the main reasons of forming this type of dependence. The article also contains the data of a questionnaire study diagnosing psychological dependence on social networks among students of a pedagogical higher education institution. The results of the survey presented by the authors confirm the need for preventive and corrective measures, which are a complex process of development of the psychological characteristics of the individual, ensuring one’s resistance to addictive behaviour and the formation of skills for a healthy lifestyle. The article describes some practical recommendations for reducing the level of Internet addiction, as well as enhancing the adaptation and socialization of the individual in the modern world.
Washington State's Public Records Act: A Battle in the 2018 Legislature and Beyond
Authors: Watt Peggy
Published: April 2020

This case study documents the battle over the Washington State Public Records Act, which raged from 2017 through the end of 2019, reaching a crucial point through an extraordinary combination of citizen activism, journalistic pressure, and court action. The act, adopted in 1972 by a voter initiative, covers all “agencies,” but state legislators rejected the classification and refused to honor records requests. Journalists successfully challenged the Legislature in court, and in response lawmakers attempted to update the act to allow for secrecy, but failed. Lessons learned from the scuffle may be applied by legislators and transparency advocates in Washington state and throughout the country.
A paisaxe na obra de Antonio Fraguas
Authors: Díaz-Fierros Viqueira Francisco
Published: April 2020

Os traballos de Fraguas sobre a paisaxe realízanse fundamentalmente na década dos cincuenta do pasado século. Neles amósase como un fiel seguidor das teorías de Otero Pedrayo como xeógrafo, pero presentando tamén características propias ben diferenciadas. Destacarían a preocupación polas pegadas do home na paisaxe, sobre todo nos ambientes campesiños, a recreación dos pequenos detalles e as ilustracións literarias que as acompañan. Tamén mostra unha curiosa preocupación pola contemporaneidade nos seus traballos sobre as novas paisaxes das cidades e industrias, así como no cine.
The dilemma of differentiating between acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B with acute exacerbation: Is quantitative serology the answer?
Authors: Lall Sujata , Agarwala Pragya , Kumar Guresh , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Gupta Ekta
Published: April 2020

Background/Aims: Acute exacerbations of chronic hepatitis B (CHB-AEs) are common in endemic areas and are often presumed to be acute hepatitis B (AHB) due to their similarities in clinical and serological pictures, presenting a major diagnostic dilemma. This study aimed to identify laboratory markers for differentiating between the two groups, and to establish the cut-off value for significant markers.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of records was conducted for patients who presented with clinical features of acute hepatitis along with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) positivity from May 2015 to May 2017. A total of 172 patients were enrolled and grouped as AHB (n=89) and CHB-AE (n=83) based on their history of hepatitis B virus infection and duration of HBsAg persistence. Virological and biochemical parameters were analyzed and compared. Cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity of the variables were calculated.
Results: The median value of signal by cut-off (S/Co) ratio for IgM anti-HBc was significantly higher in AHB group (30.44) compared to CHB-AE group (8.63) with a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 84%, respectively, at a cut-off of 20.5 (P<0.01). The mean international normalized ratio (INR) was significantly greater in CHB-AE (1.88±1.24) group compared to AHB group (1.62±0.17) with a sensitivity and specificity of 57.9% and 45.1%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 1.27.
Conclusions: A value of 20.5 S/Co of IgM anti-HBc and 1.27 INR could be helpful in differentiating between AHB and CHB-AE. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2020;26:187-195)
Kecemasan Komunikasi Mahasiswa saat Bimbingan Skripsi
Authors: Armanda Tegar Aprilio
Published: April 2020

Tegar Aprilio Armanda, NPM: 1532010014. “Student Communication Anxiety During Thesis Guidance (Analysis of Communication Anxiety To Alumni of Students of the Communication Studies Program Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015). Communication Studies Program, Merdeka Madiun University, Supervisor : Maria Madgalena W., S.Sos, M.Si, Supervisor 2: Zulin Nurchayati, S.Psi, M.Si. Year 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause and effect of communication anxiety between students of the Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015 with the supervisor when conducting thesis guidance, forms of communication anxiety itself that have been experienced by students of Communication Studies Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015, anticipatory steps taken by the Communication Sciences Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015 students, how important is the handling of communication anxiety, data related to communication anxiety among final year students. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Research data obtained through observation techniques, literature studies, interviews, and documentation. The informants came from the 2015 Communication Merdeka Madiun University alumni students. The results of this study are modeling and skill acquisition factors causing the emergence of communication anxiety, the type of communication anxiety perceived by informants is generalized context communication apprehension and situational communication apprehension, the form of communication anxiety perceived by informants is state anxiety, the most anticipatory step recommended by informants is to better understand the thesis material before the guidance and remain calm during the guidance.Keyword: Anxiety, Communication anxiety, Students of the Communication Studies Program Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015,Thesis Guidance.
Transgenic Reporter Mice With Promoter Region of Murine LRAT Specifically Marks Lens and Meiosis Spermatocytes
Authors: PRUKOVA D. , ILENINOVA Z. , ANTOSOVA B. , GREGOR M. , SEDLACEK R.
Published: April 2020

Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the major enzyme responsible for retinol esterification in the mammalian body. LRAT exhibits specific activity in the cells with active retinol metabolism where it converts retinols into retinyl esters, which represents the major storage form of retinol. Besides hepatic stellate cells in the liver, LRAT appears to have a key physiologic role in several other tissues. In this study, we generated a transgenic reporter mouse expressing green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of region containing -1166 bps from promoter upstream from the putative transcriptional start site and 262 bps downstream of this start. Transgenic reporter mice exhibited specific expression in eyes and testes. In eyes, expression of EGFP-reporter is found in lens and lens epithelium and fibers from embryo to adulthood. In testes, LRAT-EGFP reporter is expressed both in Sertoli and in spermatocytes marking initiation of spermatogenesis in prepubertal mice. Our data show that the examined LRAT regulatory region is sufficient to achieve strong and selective expression in the eye and testes but not in liver and other organs.
Nanostructuring Behavior of NiCrBSi and CoCrWC Thermal Spray Coatings Formed by Temperature-Controlled Laser Heat Treatment
Authors: Chun Eun-Joon
Published: April 2020

.For surface hardening of a continuous casting mold component, a thermal spray coating of NiCrBSi (Metco-16C) and CoCrWC (Stellite-1) was performed followed by laser heat treatment of the coatings. To support selective modification of the thermal spray coating, a metallurgically determined surface temperature was maintained during the laser heat treatment, by real-time control of the laser power. In other words, nonhomogeneities in the macrosegregation of certain alloying elements, and voids in the as-sprayed state, could be improved. The main microstructural features of the Metco-16C coating laser-heat-treated at 1423 K were nanosized (100–150 nm) Cr5B3, M7C3, and M23C6 precipitates with a lamellar structure of Ni (FCC) and Ni3Si as the matrix phase. Those of the laser heat-treated Stellite- 1 coating at 1473 K were fine (30–250 nm) precipitates of WC, M7C3, and M23C6 based on a Co (FCC) matrix. The results show that laser heat treatment at 1423 K increased the hardness of the Mecto-16C coating to 1115 HV from the as-sprayed state (754 HV), while treatment at 1473 K increased the hardness of the Stellite-1 coating from 680 HV to 860 HV.
Effects of Jetting Parameters and Sodium Silicate-Based Binder on Droplet Formation
Authors: Pyeon Seongeun , Lee Man Sig , Park Dae-Won , Baek Jae Ho
Published: April 2020

Binder jetting additive manufacturing is one of the 3D printing technologies currently used to manufacture 3D geometries. In this process, a liquid binder agent is ejected to a desired position of a substrate. The binder’s properties and the jetting condition used for form droplets can affect the formability of the geometries. Herein, we optimized the solid content and jetting condition of a sodium silicate-based inorganic binder, for 3D printing. To observe the range of single droplet formation, the behavior of the discharged droplets was analyzed by Z value, which is the inverse of the Ohnesorge number. As the solid content increased, a higher driving voltage was required to form the droplets to overcome viscous dissipation. For 40S(Z = 4.33) with a content of 40 wt%, the droplet tail from the nozzle was stretched further. The droplets of 25S(Z = 15.09) with a content of 25 wt% were accompanied by satellite droplets. The jetting condition was optimized for 25S, which was capable of ejection at various driving voltages. Stable single droplets were formed at a driving voltage of 20 V and a dwell time of 4 μs. In addition, when ethylene glycol and glycerol were added into 25S as a humectant, stable droplets were formed under the optimum jetting condition, and each droplets was in the range of 2.70 < Z < 15.09.
Edward Flanders Ricketts and the marine ecology of the inner coast habitats of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Levings Colin D.
Published: April 2020

Marine ecologist Edward Flanders Ricketts made three trips in the early 1930s to British Columbia, Canada, before publication in 1939 of his Between Pacific Tides, the classic marine ecology text for the west coast of North America. Between Pacific Tides is a highly influential book, widely read by marine ecology students and researchers working in the intertidal zone. These trips were to the inner coast and sheltered waters of the region, where he sampled marine and estuarine habitats. Explored in this paper are details of Ricketts's British Columbia inner coast work, including comments on collection records, collection site locations and influence of survey results, topics that are new to the literature.
Comprensión lectora y rendimiento de matemáticas
Authors: Soto Dayan Reyes
Published: April 2020

En Chile, diversos estudios intentan determinar los factores que intervienen en la comprensión lectora a un nivel académico, personal y familiar dado los bajos resultados que tienen los estudiantes en las mediciones nacionales e internacionales que se realizan periódicamente. El presente estudio tiene como propósito describir la relación entre comprensión lectora y rendimiento académico en la asignatura de matemáticas en estudiantes de 4° medio de un establecimiento particular-subvencionado de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile.

Mediante una metodología cuantitativa, con un diseño no experimental transversal y un alcance descriptivo-correlacional, se evalúo el porcentaje de comprensión lectora con el procedimiento cloze a 151 estudiantes que cursaban 4° medio. Los desempeños de dicha evaluación se correlacionaron con los promedios de matemáticas obtenidos por dichos estudiantes durante el primer semestre académico. Los resultados indican que existe una relación significativa de tipo fuerte y bidireccional entre las variables, tanto en sus mediciones numéricas como en las categóricas.
Heat Transport Analysis in Rectangular Shields Using the Laplace and Poisson Equations
Authors: Owczarek Stefan , Owczarek Mariusz
Published: April 2020

In the design of a building envelope, there is the issue of heat flow through the partitions. In the heat flow process, we distinguish steady and dynamic states in which heat fluxes need to be obtained as part of building physics calculations. This article describes the issue of determining the size of those heat fluxes. The search for the temperature field in a two-dimensional problem is common in building physics and heat exchange in general. Both numerical and analytical methods can be used to obtain a solution. Two methods were dealt with, the first of which was used to obtain the solution in the steady state and the other in the transient. In the steady state a method of initial functions, the basics of which were given by W.Z. Vlasov and A.Y. Lur’e was adopted. Originally MIF was used for analysis of the loads of a flat elastic medium. Since then it was used for solving concrete beams, plates and composite materials problems. Polynomial half-reverse solutions are used in the theory of a continuous medium. Here solutions were obtained by the direct method. As a result, polynomial forms of the considered temperature field were obtained. A Cartesian coordinate system and rectangular shape of the plate were assumed. The problem is governed by the Laplace equation in the steady state and Poisson in the transient state. Boundary conditions in the form of temperature (τ(x), t(y)) or/and flux (p(x), q(y)) can be provided. In the steady state the solution T(x, y) was assumed in the form of an infinite power series developed in relation to the variable y with coefficients Cn depending on x. The assumed solution was substituted into the Fourier equation and after expanding into the Taylor series the boundary condition for y = 0 and y = h was taken into account. From this condition the coefficient Cn can be calculated and, therefore, a closed solution for the temperature field in the plate.
Investigation of E-Core Modular Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine
Authors: Wang Aimeng , Li Shanshan
Published: April 2020

Under the adverse trend of fossil energy attenuation and air pollution, wind power effectively alleviates the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. For wind turbines, especially large offshore wind turbines, their transportation, installation, and maintenance are very inconvenient. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents an E-core stator modular machine which inserts stator gap into the unwounded teeth of the fractional-slot concentrated winding (FSCW) permanent magnet (PM) machine. The winding factor of the new stator structure machine was derived. The electromagnetic models of 12-slot/10-pole and 12-slot/14-pole modular FSCW PM machines and traditional FSCW PM machines were established using the finite element analysis (FEA) software, and the open-circuit flux density, cogging torque, load torque, loss, and efficiency were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the modular structure of E-core stator not only simplified the transportation, installation, and maintenance of wind turbines, but also optimized the electromagnetic performance of the 12-slot/14-pole machine, i.e., improved the output torque and operation efficiency.
Суб’єкти військового управління як інституції забезпечення інформаційної безпеки України
Authors: Яковлєв П.
Published: April 2020

У статті на основі аналізу правового статусу суб’єктів військового управління України виокремлено спеціальні повноваження суб’єктів військового управління у сфері забезпечення інформаційного суверенітету України, убезпечення національного інформаційного простору від інформаційних диверсій та інших недоброзичливих дій, що можуть призвести до негативних наслідків
Anais do III Simpósio Brasileiro de Investigação de Doenças Neuromusculares
Authors: Unifesp Escola Paulista de Medicina
Published: April 2020

Em anos de estudo sobre doenças Neuromusculares têm se pesquisado sobre diagnóstico clínico, laboratorial, imagem e até mesmo avaliações e escalas que possam auxiliar em um diagnóstico precoce e preciso, sempre visando um tratamento adequado na fase inicial dessas doenças.

Sendo a estimativa do tempo, um importante item na expectativa de sobrevida para esses pacientes, se faz necessário a introdução rápida de novas perspectivas de tratamento para doenças neuromusculares, desde tratamentos medicamentosos como terapias gênicas até a reabilitação com tecnologia assistiva. 

Apesar de muitas terapias gênicas estarem em fases iniciais, poucas já estão sendo utilizadas na clínica e foram discutidas no III Simpósio de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares. Em contrapartida, a tecnologia assistiva obteve um avanço importante nas pesquisas com comunicação alternativa e aumentativa, também com a realidade virtual, que cada vez mais vem atuando na reabilitação auxiliando os pacientes em suas tarefas na atividade de vida.
Could Ctesias refer to the Kalash tribe? Some thoughts on interpretation of Ctesian descriptions of India
Authors: Smyk Anita
Published: April 2020

Indica of Ctesias is a priceless material for research into the perception of distant lands in the Greeks, or the shaping of literary images.
A unique Parthian sword in the Bonyad-e Mostazafan Museum
Authors: Karamian Gholamreza , Farrokh Kaveh
Published: April 2020

This study is going to introduce one of the unique and less known Parthian sword which have not been released to public for purpose of exhibit and study so far.
HONORIFIC CIA-CIA LANGUAGE IN BURU DISTRICT
Authors: SUSIATI
Published: April 2020

The word 'politeness' can be interpreted as 'politeness'. Although often aligned and paired, polite words and polite words have different meanings. The Big Indonesian Dictionary defines the word polite as respectful and reverent and orderly according to good tradition. Meanwhile, the word courtesy means the subtle and kind nature of his language and behavior. Thus, manners can be interpreted as the nature of respect, orderly to the prevailing norms, smooth and kind language, and good behavior. Therefore, someone who has good manners is someone who is respectful, obedient to the prevailing norms, refined and well-mannered, and has good behavior. This study aims to describe the ambiguity of the Indonesian language used by Cia-cia districk Buru. This type of research is qualitative research that is naturally or in the context of a wholeness. by using descriptive collected in the form of words and not numbers. The data in this study are data that contain ambiguity using the theories of experts when analyzing. Data collection techniques namely after describing the form of words and phrases in Indonesian written by students after that are analyzed according to theory. the results showed that in students' essays there were words and phrases that contained ambiguity.
Investigating the Use of Hedges in Iraqi EFL College Students’ Essay Writing
Authors: Asst. Inst : Muna Dalaf
Published: April 2020

Although academic writing is an objective and factual writing, hedges can appear and be used in such writing. In fact, hedges can be considered as a significant feature in such academic writing. The following study is an attempt to explore the awareness of Iraqi EFL college students of hedges usage in their essay writing. The following study follows a comparative method of analyzing the essays of the students. The study is focused on analyzing the essays of the students at the third stage. The result shows that a little number of students use some of the hedge devices, whereas a decent amount of students do not focus on hedges in their essays writing.
Política e sociedade na governança territorial:
Authors: Martins Rodrigo Constante
Published: April 2020

Temas relativos à governança de interesses sociais e de recursos ambientais em territórios rurais têm recebido especial destaque na literatura recente das ciências sociais. Envolto na temática das novas ruralidades, o debate sobre a composição de distintos interesses sociais em instâncias de gestão territorial segue demandando reflexões junto às ciências sociais. Visando contribuir com novos subsídios para tal debate, este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sociológica sobre conflitos territoriais na gestão das instâncias regionais de desenvolvimento rural no estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Através de dois estudos de caso, realizado com recursos de técnicas qualitativas de pesquisa social, o trabalho discute como distintos interesses agrícolas relacionam-se com instrumentos modernos de regulação territorial – notadamente, os Conselhos de Desenvolvimento Rural.
Dinâmicas de desenvolvimento territorial:
Authors: Rambo Anelise Graciele , Puhl Mário José
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo propõe estabelecer uma discussão em torno da densidade institucional, inovação territorial coletiva e da sua contribuição no desencadeamento de processos de desenvolvimento territorial, principalmente no âmbito dos territórios periféricos. À medida que os atores desencadeiam ações de forma cooperativa, buscando uma interação com as demais escalas de poder e gestão, entende-se que seja possível promover processos de desenvolvimento territorial, de modo a atender suas demandas e necessidades, através da inovação territorial coletiva, ou seja, a busca coletiva por inovações, com base nas potencialidades e no capital do território. Estes pressupostos são utilizados na análise da experiência da COOPERCANA de Porto Xavier/RS. Esta consiste numa cooperativa autogestionária, a única usina de álcool combustível do Rio Grande do Sul, com relativa densidade institucional, ou melhor, com uma significativa interação entre atores e destes com as demais escalas de poder e gestão pensando, de forma coletiva, ações que visem o desenvolvimento territorial.
An Empirical Study of the Socio-Economic Effects of Supporting Flag Carriers: The Case of the Caribbean community (Caricom)
Authors: Warnock-Smith David , Morrell Peter
Published: April 2020

Access to efficient and affordable air transport services is indispensable to economic communities made up of dispersed islands. It is often claimed that the contribution of the sector would be greatly debilitated however without the presence of national or regional flag carriers. A multi-method, net economic impact assessment indicates that the direct impact of the sector in terms of employment and contribution to GDP increases with the presence of local flag carriers. Yet the more significant indirect macroeconomic impacts of the sector, in terms of consumer surpluses, incoming visitor expenditures and business investments are all found to be better facilitated by foreign carriers. The magnitude of impact was primarily determined by exogenous factors namely, relative size of a state’s real GDP, relative contribution of other sectors, relative level of trade dependency and relative level of socioeconomic development, with larger impacts being noted in smaller, poorly diversified islands, chiefly dependent on sustaining a net surplus of air transport facilitated incoming visitor expenditure. Improvements to the performance of the sector are aligned with increases in aggregate incoming demand, thus far better supplied by cheaper, more frequent foreign carrier services providing a higher quality of service to and from the main source markets. Positive direct impact levels in those states with home carriers, low levels of service importing and an inverse relationship between local carrier absence and levels of connectivity show local carriers also play a significant facilitating role in the region’s air transport sector.
ASSESSING THE PERIPHERAL STATUS OF LOCAL AIRPORTS
Authors: Kjærland Frode , Mathisen Terje Andreas
Published: April 2020

The European Union (EU) has defined seven regions as outermost (or ultra-peripheral), of which three are located near the European mainland (the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands). These regions benefit from certain relaxations in EU law to promote economic development such as extended duration on tendered contracts for subsidised air transport routes subject to public service obligation. This article aims to determine the peripheral status of Norwegian municipalities hosting airports with subsidized air transport routes in order to assess whether they qualify for a similar extension of contract length. Evidently, a majority of the route areas can be classified as equally or more peripheral than the outermost regions. The method for assessment can be transferred to PSO-routes in other peripheral regions of the EU as well as for considering relaxation of other laws promoting the development of such areas.
RISK ASSESSMENT PROFILING PROCEDURE (RAPP) FOR AIR CARGO SECURITY
Authors: Levy Doron , Ziegler Yvonne , Koch Susanne
Published: April 2020

This paper offers a risk assessment profiling procedure (RAPP) for air cargo based on leveraging the role of the human factor along the security process. RAPP is based on principles taken from the Israeli method of passenger profiling and suspicious signs published by the United State Department of Homeland Security. RAPP is challenged with the plot of 2010 to bomb an all-cargo airplane using explosives concealed in printers originating from Yemen. The core competence of RAPP is individually assessing the risk of each shipment by a qualified agent, who looks for suspicious signs and anomalous patterns and αddressing the level of risk by adjusting appropriate technological resources for detecting the explosives. RAPP allows less screening of cargo and makes the security process of air cargo more active. The combination of the human factor and the right technological resources enhances the level of success in securing air cargo.
THE CUSTOMERS’ EXPECTATIONS AS A GUIDE TO SERVICE INNOVATION IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
Authors: Padovez Luciana , Well Elias Max , Caetano Mauro
Published: April 2020

According to the strategic innovation paradigm, service companies have their innovative efforts guided by market needs, so customer demand is crucial to successful innovation. However, the service literature about air transportation has been focusing on the evaluation of service quality delivered instead of the identification of market demands. This study applied the Hierarchical Model of air transportation service quality evaluation adapted to identify customer’ expectations in a Brazilian domestic airport. The results indicate that customers have higher expectations regarding airline employees’ conduct and expertise, which suggests areas where investments should be prioritized in order to optimize efforts on service innovation.
AIR TRANSPORTATION: PERCEPTION AND IMPACT OF PASSENGERS WITH REDUCED MOBILITY
Authors: Zorro Sara , Macário Rosário , Silva Jorge
Published: April 2020

Air transport has many restrictions for persons with reduced mobility (PRM). This study aims to better understand the needs of PRMs and the main constraints they face within airports and aircraft. The passengers’ air rights and how they are being met for PRMs were analysed. An online survey was used to gather information about accessibility constraints and PRMs’ perception of air travel. The specific regulations for these passengers are not being properly complied with. There is still room for both airports and airlines to improve PRM experience during air travel.
SPIRITUALITAS CALVIN SEBAGAI SPIRITUAL FORMATION MAHASISWA TEOLOGI
Authors: Nego Obet
Published: April 2020

Students in theology schools must have a clear and determined calling. Often this commitment fades because the knowledge of God only happens in the mind, not in the heart. Therefore we need teaching that can invite them back to deepen their commitment to God. Therefore, in addition to intellectual abilities, mature spirituality, is considered an absolute requirement for theology students to become servants of God who are ready to serve. Success in ministry that demands a complete spiritual figure, requires a servant of God to set an example in his Bible, moral, and spiritual knowledge. Since it was in the formation on campus, it was hoped that theology students would have to realize the importance of a Bible-based spirituality, God's word. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss Calvin's Spirituality as a Theological Formation of Spiritual Students.
Three-Muscle Surgery for Infantile Esotropia in Children Younger Than Age 2 Years
Authors: Minkoff Olga V. , Donahue Sean P.
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To review the long-term outcome of infants undergoing three-muscle surgery for infantile esotropia.

Patients and Methods:

Surgical records of 10 patients with esotropia ⩾ 55 prism diopters (PD) who underwent three-muscle surgery for large-angle infantile esotropia were reviewed. Outcome measures included over- or undercorrection, need for additional surgery, and amount of deviation at last follow-up.

Results:

Mean age at initial surgery was 13 months. Mean preoperative deviation was 62.5 PD of esotropia. A single surgery was associated with satisfactory horizontal alignment in only three (30%) patients at last follow-up (mean, 37.1 months; range, 8–70 months). Esotropia was undercorrected in one (10%) and overcorrected in six (60%) patients, all of whom required additional surgery. One patient with satisfactory horizontal alignment required an additional procedure to correct a right hypertropia causing a left face turn.

Conclusions:

In contrast to older children and adults, three-muscle surgery may be inappropriate for infants with large-angle esotropia due to a large overcorrection rate. This controversy may benefit from a prospective study.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:144–148.
Last-Position Elimination-Based Fireworks Algorithm for Function Optimization
Authors: Zhang JunQi , Chen JianQing , Li WeiZhi
Published: April 2020

Fireworks algorithm (FWA) searches the global optimum by the cooperation between the firework with the best fitness named as core firework (CF) and the other non-CFs. Loser-out tournament-based fireworks algorithm (LoTFWA) uses competition as a new manner of interaction. If the fitness of a firework cannot catch up with the best one, it is considered a loser and will be reinitialized. However, its independent selection operator may prevent non-CFs from aggregating to CF in the late search phase if they fall into different local optima. This chapter proposes a last-position, elimination-based fireworks algorithm which allocates more fireworks in the initial process to search. Then for every fixed number of generations, the firework with the worst fitness is eliminated and its sparks is reallocated to other fireworks. In the final stage of search, only CF survives with all the budget of sparks and thus the aggregation of non-CFs to CF is ensured. Experimental results performed show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms most of the state-of-the-art FWA variants.
Traditional Medicinal Systems
Authors: Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Nigar Shahla
Published: April 2020

Medicinal plants are a great source of medicine for treating various human ailments. Traditional use of herbal medicine, which was developed within an ethnic group before the development and spread of modern science, is the very basis and an integral part of various cultures. Different medicinal systems throughout the globe are still operational and use natural herbs for treating diseases. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, Kampo, Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), and Unani are some commonly found traditional medicinal systems in use today. They are used directly, or their secondary metabolites are used as anti-bacterial, antifungal, immunomodulators, anti-hair fall, and multiple other purposes. However, their blood purification properties prevent blood from toxicity. Hundreds of medicinal plants are used in Ayurveda for blood purification, particularly plants which are astringent or bitter (pungent or sharp tastes). In addition, medicinal herbs do not have side effects.
Medicinal Plants
Authors: Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Sharma Himani Goyal
Published: April 2020

Medicines of plant origin have been used for treating humans and animals without any adverse effects. New medicinal plants are searched to develop more effective and cheaper drugs in place of synthetics drugs. Plants represent a large natural source of compounds that might serve for the development of novel drugs. Currently medicinal herbs are researched for diuretic properties, and several medicinal herbs are used as diuretics. Currently various synthetic medicines are available for this purpose; however, natural resource medicines are still an important choice because of their higher efficiency and better safety. Further, some herbs are also important sources of antioxidants, which protect the body from the effects of free radicals produced in the body. Antioxidants are required by our body due to increase in the likely exposure of the body to harmful pollutants, radiation, UV lights, etc. These have the ability to delay the oxidation, and plant-derived products are of great interest due to the adverse effect of antibiotics.
Zero-Leverage in European Firms
Authors: Morais Flávio , Serrasqueiro Zélia , Ramalho Joaquim J. S.
Published: April 2020

This study analyzes the zero-leverage phenomenon in a sample of European listed firms for the period 2001-2016, with a focus on the role played by the corporate governance mechanisms on the explanation of the phenomenon. Considering a set of internal and external corporate governance variables, it is rejected that firms with poor internal mechanisms of corporate governance have a greater propensity to adopt zero-leverage policies. Nonetheless, a great ownership concentration—measure for external corporate governance mechanisms—decreases the firm's propensity to be debt-free, indicating that the presence of large shareholders reduces managers' opportunistic actions. Results that partially validate that zero-leverage policies are driven by entrenched managers avoiding the disciplinary power of debt, especially in the presence of small shareholders without incentives and power to control managers' actions. Additionally, zero-leverage firms seem to substitute debt by internal sources of liquidity. Results are robust to different zero-leverage classifications and econometric methods.
Societal-Level Cross-Functional Matrix Management
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: April 2020

The challenges around adapting to social ecosystems with less work, in a time of a disruptive Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), may be partially mitigated with a macro societal-level matrix management approach, with artificial-intelligence support. This concept suggests that human workers may engage with various cross-functional teams on various projects, so they would have both a basic supervisor based on function, and various other project leads to whom they report in a dotted-line way. This work highlights how this structure aligns with contemporary work culture and technologies and explores some possible implications of this approach.
Providing Post-Secondary Options for Low-Income Students in Rural Schools
Authors: Uriegas Brian
Published: April 2020

As the number of students living in poverty continues to grow, schools are being tasked with finding ways to provide opportunities for life in the post-secondary world. Financial barriers often restrict these students from entering college or technical schools. In Texas, many schools are using the early college high school model to provide students with college credit at no cost to the student. Additionally, career and technical education programs coupled with the District of Innovation designation are allowing schools to provide students with work related experience and skills that will allow them to enter the skilled labor market upon graduation. This chapter explains the framework of these programs and how they are providing students of poverty with opportunities to be successful after high school, while facing their current financial struggles. Along with the benefits provided to students, the schools and communities are also feeling the benefits of these programs.
Anti-Forensics of Double Compressed MP3 Audio
Authors: Tao Biaoli , Wang Rangding , Yan Diqun , Jin Chao
Published: April 2020

The widespread availability of audio editing software has made it easy to create acoustically convincing digital audio forgeries. To address this problem, more and more attention has been paid to the field of digital audio forensics. There has been little work, however, in the field of anti-forensics, which seeks to develop a set of techniques designed to fool current forensic methodologies. The compression history of an audio sample can be used to provide evidence of audio forgeries. In this work, we present a simple method for distinguishing the MP3 compression history of an audio sample. We show the proposed anti-forensics method to remove the artifacts of MP3 double compression by destroying the audio frame structure. In addition, effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by three double compression detection methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively resist detection from three methods.
Modeling the real exchange rate: looking for evidence of the wage-share effect
Authors: De Jesús Romo Verónica , Gallardo Julio López
Published: April 2020

In this paper we study the determinants of the real exchange rate (RER), analysing in particular its association with the share of wages in output. We model the behavior of the RER against the US dollar of the domestic currency of three countries: Mexico, Korea, and France. We specify econometric vector autoregression (VAR) models and find for each country a long-run relation for the RER. In the three cases, we identify a negative association between the RER and the wage share and the RER, and the difference between the domestic and the US nominal interest rate. We also find that the RER is positively associated with labor productivity in Korea and France, but negatively associated in Mexico. We then suggest theoretical reasons for the type of associations found. As a corollary, we discuss the reasons that may explain why the RER tends to return to a long-run ‘normal’ value.
O uso da contabilidade na mediação de disputas contratuais: Ruppin Oil Corporation vs Bosphorus Petroleum
Authors: Sancovschi Moacir , Kolozsvari Ana Carolina , Moutinho Talita Silva
Published: April 2020

O CPC00R1 afirma que as informações financeiras serão relevantes se tiverem o potencial de alterar as decisões que estão sendo analisadas pelos seus usuários. Portanto, ele assume que a existência e o uso dos sistemas de contabilidade antecedem o ato de decidir; as funções exercidas por esses sistemas independem da natureza das decisões; e cabe à contabilidade facilitar decisões e não formatar o processo decisório. Este artigo analisou o caso da Refinaria Oriental para demonstrar como os gerentes da Bosphorus Petroleum usaram informações contábeis para contestar o montante dos custos fixos que lhe foram debitados; e como os conceitos e as técnicas para a contabilidade e o controle dos custos dos departamentos de serviços poderiam ser usados na avaliação do mérito dessa contestação. Ele ilustra uma situação em que a decisão precede o uso da contabilidade, e a contabilidade é usada para municiar argumentos políticos e formatar o processo decisório.
Constitutional Recognition: retiring from the hamster wheel
Authors: Hartley Grace
Published: April 2020

The process of realising constitutional recognition for Australia’s Indigenous population can be characterised as a cycle: the government commissions a group of experts to give recommendations, that group presents their recommendations, the government either rejects or fails to act on said recommendations and so, the government commissions a new group of experts and the cycle starts again. Each time the government will commission a similar group of experts, with a similar aim, bestowing upon the group a unique title in an attempt to mask the hamster-wheel that is the constitutional recognition debate.
Forms of and Factors Associated With Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence by Men on Their Female Partners Following HIV Status Disclosure in the Ashanti Region of Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Apiribu Felix , Ncama Busisiwe Purity , Duma Sinegugu Evidence
Published: April 2020

Background: Men’s experiences of perpetration of intimate partner violence against their female heterosexual partners following disclosure of their HIV positive status is a global health problem. The forms of IPV and factors associated with IPV following the disclosure are under-researched. In this article, we aim to explore and describe the forms of and factors associated with men’s experiences of perpetration of IPV against their female partners following the disclosure of seropositive HIV status.

Methods: An exploratory qualitative research design using an interpretive phenomenological analysis method was employed for the data collection from participants (men) who perpetrated violence against their HIV positive women. The study setting was done in two HIV clinics in two Hospitals. The study population consisted of all men whose intimate partners had been diagnosed HIV positive and made known to their partners and are seeking healthcare at the two HIV clinics. Purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit participants for the study. An interpretive phenomenological approach was employed for the collection and analysis from eighteen men whose partners had recently disclosed their seropositive HIV status. An interview guide was the tool employed for the data collection. Data collection and analysis were undertaken concurrently.

Results: Most of the participants identified and described the forms of and factors associated with IPV influencing them to perpetrate IPV. Five themes and sub-themes emerged and these include; emotional factors, spousal related factors, Social related factors, Sex-related factors and some forms of IPV which were identified by participants. Each of these themes has subthemes.

Conclusion: Men use different forms of IPV violence in abusing women who disclosure their HIV seropositive status. Several factors as identified in this study accounts for this partner violence. Forms and factors associated with intimate partner violence should be used as a guide in formulating policies and developing a guide that can be utilised in the early detection of IPV in this category of women.