bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Laser Parameters on Tensile Strength of Sintered PP and PP/CNT Composite in Selective Laser Sintering
Authors: Modabberifar Mehdi , Karian Alireza , Karimi Mehran , Hemmati Milad
Published: August 2021

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technology whereby parts are built through selective consolidation of a powder by a laser beam. Recently, Polypropylene (PP) has been used in the SLS because of its appropriate mechanical performance as well as low cost and density. In the SLS, laser parameters are very effective on the mechanical properties of the sintered parts. In this study, the effects of the laser parameters including power, the laser scanning speed, and the laser scanning pattern on the tensile strength of the sintered samples were experimentally investigated. The PP and PP/CNT (carbon nanotube) composites were used as raw materials and the results were compared. Taguchi method was employed as the experimental design, and optimal levels of parameters were extracted using signal-to-noise analysis. The main effects of factors and interactions were considered in this paper. The results show that the laser scanning pattern and the laser power have the most effects on the tensile strength of the produced samples. In addition, the comparison between the results of the experiments demonstrates an increase in the tensile strength, which is 15% in maximum value, by adding CNT to PP.
Effect of Arc Polarity on the Quality of Deposition in GTAW Welding-Based Additive Manufacturing Process: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gokhale Nitish P. , Gadakh Deepak A. , Kala Prateek
Published: August 2021

A Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)-based additive manufacturing has a potential for manufacturing metallic parts with better dimensional accuracy and dense structure. This paper discusses the issues in the GTAW-based metal deposition process for the positive and negative polarity of the welding electrode in the direct current circuit. The effect of direct current electrode positive (DCEP) and direct current electrode negative (DCEN) polarity on GTAW-based metal deposition process has been discussed. The experimental study has been done with a constant voltage source of ESAB Caddy 2200i welding machine and the metal beads were deposited on the substrate plate of mild steel. The results of these experiments showed that the metal deposited using DCEN polarity has a better dimensional accuracy over DCEP polarity due to its stability in arc formation and proper transmission of heat. The experimental investigation showed that the DCEP polarity causes the deterioration of the tungsten electrode after a few trials. The work done in this paper will help to distinguish between the use of DCEP polarity and DCEN polarity in GTAW-based additive manufacturing process for depositing the metal with better dimensional accuracy and better surface finish.
Development of a Goal Programming Model Based on Response Surface and Analytic Hierarchy Process Approaches for Laser Cutting Process Optimization of St-52 Steel Plates
Authors: Yurdakul Mustafa , Tukel Taha , İç Yusuf Tansel
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an integrated model for optimization of laser cutting process of St-52 steel plates with multiple performance characteristics using Goal Programming (GP), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approaches. In this study, optimum levels of the laser cutting process input parameters namely, material thickness, cutting speed, laser power, and assist gas pressure are obtained. For optimization purposes, four different surface roughness types of a cut surface, surface hardness, cutting time, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the cut surface are considered as performance outputs (responses) in this study. Optimization of multiple performance objectives (responses) requires obtaining regression functions with RSM first, and then weighting the regression functions using the AHP and finally combining the multiple functions into a single overall goal within a GP model and solving the model to optimize the laser cutting process. The study clearly shows that the presented optimization model is flexible enough to optimize the laser cutting process for various scenarios and conflicting priorities.
Power series expansions of modular forms and p-adic interpolation of the square roots of Rankin–Selberg special values
Authors: Mori Andrea
Published: August 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a newform of even weight [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a possibly split indefinite quaternion algebra over [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a quadratic imaginary field splitting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] an odd prime split in [Formula: see text]. We extend our theory of [Formula: see text]-adic measures attached to the power series expansions of [Formula: see text] around the Galois orbit of the CM point corresponding to an embedding [Formula: see text] to forms with any nebentypus and to [Formula: see text] dividing the level of [Formula: see text]. For the latter we restrict our considerations to CM points corresponding to test objects endowed with an arithmetic [Formula: see text]-level structure. Also, we restrict these [Formula: see text]-adic measures to [Formula: see text] and compute the corresponding Euler factor in the formula for the [Formula: see text]-adic interpolation of the “square roots” of the Rankin–Selberg special values [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the base change to [Formula: see text] of the automorphic representation of [Formula: see text] associated, up to Jacquet-Langland correspondence, to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a compatible family of grössencharacters of [Formula: see text] with infinite type [Formula: see text].
Schmidt’s subspace theorem for non-subdegenerate families of hyperplanes
Authors: Pham Duc Hiep
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we establish a Schmidt’s subspace theorem for non-subdegenerate families of hyperplanes. In particular, our result improves the previous result on Schmidt’s subspace type theorem for the case of non-degenerate families of hyperplanes, and furthermore, also shows the sharpness of the condition of non-subdegeneracy. As a consequence, we deduce a version of Lang’s conjecture on exceptional sets in the case of complements of hyperplanes.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Ye Xiao , Xu Lei , Li Zi-Yan , Gang Rui-Qi , Xia Yi , Wang Xue-Qian , Wang Lang-Lang , Koppala Sivasankar
Published: August 2021

The three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, using titanium sulfate as titanium source and urea to adjust pH value. Its structure and photocatalytic oxidation properties were studied. The results show that the TiO2 particles have a 3D mesoporous structure, uniform distribution and spherical shape, the average diameter is about 0.67[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. These properties provide strong light adsorption, high specific surface area, which increases the active site of the photocatalyst, porosity can also enhance the ability of the material to adsorb pollutants, thus has better stability. It was applied to photocatalytic degradation of 10[Formula: see text]mg/L rhodamine B (RhB) solution. After 80[Formula: see text]min of irradiation under 420[Formula: see text]nm ultraviolet (UV) light, the degradation rate of RhB reached more than 90%. In addition, it also provided an excellent photocatalytic efficiency of removing Hg0 in simulated flue gas. The removal efficiency could still reach over 86% after 40 h, which could be used in the treatment of heavy metal pollutants such as metallurgical flue gas.
In SilicoIdentification of Antifungal Compounds as Mutant DHFRase Inhibitors: Structure-Based Approach, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Structural Integrity Analysis
Authors: Basak Trambak , Nath Virendra , Kumar Vipin , Goyal Amit Kumar
Published: August 2021

Fungal infection of invasive nature is an alarming threat globally and a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality as they are opportunistic in nature. Rising resistance to current clinically approved marketed products for fungal infections is a major concern for humans. Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFRase) is an essential enzyme in folate metabolic pathway responsible for DNA synthesis and is ubiquitous to all organisms, and also acts as a key target for developing antifungal drugs. In this study, potential mutant DHFRase inhibitors were screened with the help of hierarchical mode of docking of virtual library of antifungal compounds and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The identification of best hits was done by using the docking, binding energy prediction and further, which was supported by their predicted pharmacokinetics. MD simulation of the human DHFRase enzyme with the reference lead compound i.e. PY957 and most promising hit found i.e. ChemDiv-C390-0455 and to validate the stability of enzyme-ligand complex in best 07 retrieved hit as a potential mutant DHFRase inhibitor. The key residues Glh30, Phe34, Phe64, Phe31 of the binding pocket acknowledged as essential were found to be matching with the key interactions of the selected hit. Computed root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) in MD simulation of complex of DHFRase enzyme with PY957 and ChemDiv-C390-0455 were read less than 2.25[Formula: see text]Å during 100 nanoseconds simulation for both complex.
How Could Equality and Data Protection Law Shape AI Fairness for People with Disabilities?
Authors: Binns Reuben , Kirkham Reuben
Published: August 2021

This article examines the concept of ‘AI fairness’ for people with disabilities from the perspective of data protection and equality law. This examination demonstrates that there is a need for a distinctive approach to AI fairness that is fundamentally different to that used for other protected characteristics, due to the different ways in which discrimination and data protection law applies in respect of Disability. We articulate this new agenda for AI fairness for people with disabilities, explaining how combining data protection and equality law creates new opportunities for disabled people's organisations and assistive technology researchers alike to shape the use of AI, as well as to challenge potential harmful uses.
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Disease: Findings, Hypotheses, and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Koutsodendris Nicole , Nelson Maxine R. , Rao Antara , Huang Yadong
Published: August 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that involves dysregulation of many cellular and molecular processes. It is notoriously difficult to develop therapeutics for AD due to its complex nature. Nevertheless, recent advancements in imaging technology and the development of innovative experimental techniques have allowed researchers to perform in-depth analyses to uncover the pathogenic mechanisms of AD. An important consideration when studying late-onset AD is its major genetic risk factor, apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4). Although the exact mechanisms underlying apoE4 effects on AD initiation and progression are not fully understood, recent studies have revealed critical insights into the apoE4-induced deficits that occur in AD. In this review, we highlight notable studies that detail apoE4 effects on prominent AD pathologies, including amyloid-β, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neural network dysfunction. We also discuss evidence that defines the physiological functions of apoE and outlines how these functions are disrupted in apoE4-related AD.
Thirty Years of Neuroscientific Investigation of Placebo and Nocebo: The Interesting, the Good, and the Bad
Authors: Benedetti Fabrizio , Frisaldi Elisa , Shaibani Aziz
Published: August 2021

Over the past 30 years there has been a surge of research on the placebo effect using a neuroscientific approach. The interesting aspects of this effort are related to the identification of several biological mechanisms of both the placebo and nocebo effects, the latter of which is defined as a negative placebo effect. Some important translational implications have emerged both in the setting of clinical trials and in routine medical practice. One of the principal contributions of neuroscience has been to draw the attention of the scientific and medical communities to the important role of psychobiological factors in therapeutic outcomes, be they drug related or not. Indeed, many biological mechanisms triggered by placebos and nocebos resemble those modulated by drugs, suggesting a possible interaction between psychological factors and drug action. Unfortunately, this new knowledge regarding placebos has the potential of being dangerously exploited by pseudoscience.
Accelerated developmental adipogenesis programs adipose tissue dysfunction and cardiometabolic risk in offspring born to dams with metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Mikolajczak Anna , Sallam Nada A. , Singh Radha D. , Scheidl Taylor B. , Walsh Emma J. , Larion Sebastian , Huang Carol , Thompson Jennifer A.
Published: August 2021

This study reveals that accelerated adipogenesis during the perinatal window of adipose tissue development predisposes to later life hypertrophic adipocyte dysfunction, thereby compromising the buffering function of the subcutaneous depot.
Significantly Decreased Islet β Cell Function is Closely Associated with Hyperglycemia in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Liu Dafeng , Zhou Lingyun , Zhang Xinyi , Zeng Yilan , Bai Lang , Wu Dongbo , Tang Hong
Published: August 2021

Aim. This study is aimed at the characteristics of glucose metabolism and islet β cell function evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β) value and its risk factors in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Method. This cross-sectional study recruited 110 CHB patients (CHB group) and 110 patients without hepatitis B virus (non-HBV group); the groups were matched according to sex, age, and body mass index under the same glucose metabolism status. The risk factors, characteristics, and differences in glucose metabolism and HOMA-β values between the two groups were analyzed. Results. The abnormal glucose metabolism rate was higher in CHB patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) or hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) (−) status. In addition, under the same glucose metabolism status, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PG) levels in the CHB group were higher, while the HOMA-β values were significantly lower and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was not higher than that in the non-HBV group (all

P
<
0.0001

). Further analyses revealed that the main risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism were HBeAg (−) status and hepatitis B envelope antibody levels. But HBV serological and virological indicators had no effects on the HOMA-β values. Conclusion. Islet β cell function in patients with CHB was compromised, which is closely associated with fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in chronic hepatitis B patients. Further research should be done to verify the compromised islet β cell function and then to investigate the mechanisms behind the effect of hepatitis B virus infection on islet β cell function in CHB patients.
Hybrid Gradient Descent Grey Wolf Optimizer for Optimal Feature Selection
Authors: Kitonyi Peter Mule , Segera Davies Rene
Published: August 2021

Feature selection is the process of decreasing the number of features in a dataset by removing redundant, irrelevant, and randomly class‐corrected data features. By applying feature selection on large and highly dimensional datasets, the redundant features are removed, reducing the complexity of the data and reducing training time. The objective of this paper was to design an optimizer that combines the well‐known metaheuristic population‐based optimizer, the grey wolf algorithm, and the gradient descent algorithm and test it for applications in feature selection problems. The proposed algorithm was first compared against the original grey wolf algorithm in 23 continuous test functions. The proposed optimizer was altered for feature selection, and 3 binary implementations were developed with final implementation compared against the two implementations of the binary grey wolf optimizer and binary grey wolf particle swarm optimizer on 6 medical datasets from the UCI machine learning repository, on metrics such as accuracy, size of feature subsets, F‐measure, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. The proposed optimizer outperformed the three other optimizers in 3 of the 6 datasets in average metrics. The proposed optimizer showed promise in its capability to balance the two objectives in feature selection and could be further enhanced.
Fourth Toeplitz Determinants for Starlike Functions Defined by Using the Sine Function
Authors: Zhang Hai-Yan , Tang Huo
Published: August 2021

In this article, we aim to study the upper bounds of the fourth Toeplitz determinant

T

4

2

for the function class

S

s

∗

, which are connected with the sine function.
Experimental Investigations on Adsorption of Reactive Toxic Dyes Using Hedyotis umbellate Activated Carbon
Authors: Sheeja Jayachandran , Sampath Krishnan , Kesavasamy Ramasamy
Published: August 2021

Hedyotis umbellate activated carbon (HUAC) was prepared by chemical and thermal activation. The adsorption behavior of Hedyotis umbellate activated carbon in aqueous basic green 4 (BG4) and acid fuchsin (AF) was investigated and characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, and FESEM. The possible mechanism of the adsorption of BG4 and AF dyes on the HUAC surface was framed. The influence of various adsorption control parameters like the initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature was studied. The data confirmed excellent BG4 removal of 97.94% at pH 10 and AF removal of 76.7% at pH 4. The experimental data were fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms to examine the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption data revealed monolayer adsorption of BG4 with the maximum capacity of 102.38 mg/g and multilayer adsorption of AF with the capacity of 139.33 mg/g. The kinetic data for different initial dye concentrations were computed using pseudofirst order, pseudosecond order, and intraparticle diffusion models. Thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs free energy change [Formula: see text], enthalpy change [Formula: see text], and entropy change [Formula: see text] were evaluated. From the values obtained, the negative values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] indicate that the adsorption of BG4 and AF by HUAC is spontaneous and exothermic.
Efforts Made to Eliminate Drug‐Resistant Malaria and Its Challenges
Authors: Amelo Wote , Makonnen Eyasu
Published: August 2021

Since 2000, a good deal of progress has been made in malaria control. However, there is still an unacceptably high burden of the disease and numerous challenges limiting advancement towards its elimination and ultimate eradication. Among the challenges is the antimalarial drug resistance, which has been documented for almost all antimalarial drugs in current use. As a result, the malaria research community is working on the modification of existing treatments as well as the discovery and development of new drugs to counter the resistance challenges. To this effect, many products are in the pipeline and expected to be marketed soon. In addition to drug and vaccine development, mass drug administration (MDA) is under scientific scrutiny as an important strategy for effective utilization of the developed products. This review discusses the challenges related to malaria elimination, ongoing approaches to tackle the impact of drug‐resistant malaria, and upcoming antimalarial drugs.
Essential Oil-Rich Chinese Formula Luofushan-Baicao Oil Inhibits the Infection of Influenza A Virus through the Regulation of NF-κB P65 and IRF3 Activation
Authors: Mao Xin , Gu Shuyin , Sang Huiting , Ye Yilu , Li Jingyan , Teng Yunxia , Zhang Feiyu , Ma Qinhai , Jiang Ping , Yang Zifeng , Huang Weizhong , Liu Shuwen
Published: August 2021

Background. Luofushan-Baicao Oil (LBO) is an essential oil-rich traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that is commonly used to treat cold, cough, headache, sore throat, swelling, and pain. However, the anti-influenza activities of LBO and the underlying mechanism remain to be investigated. Methods. The in vitro anti-influenza activity of LBO was tested with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and plaque assays. The effects of LBO on the expressions of viral nucleoprotein and cytokines were evaluated. In the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid- (Poly I: C-) induced inflammation model, the influences of LBO on the expression of cytokines and the activation of NF-κB P65 (P65) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were tested. After influenza A virus (IVA) infection, mice were administered with LBO for 5 days. The lung index, histopathologic change, the expression of viral protein, P65, and IRF3 in the lung tissue were measured. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum were examined. Results. In vitro, LBO could significantly inhibit the infection of IVA, decrease the formation of plaques, and reduce the expression of viral nucleoprotein and cytokines. LBO could also effectively downregulate the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-β and the activation of P65 and IRF3 in Poly I:C-treated cells. In the IVA-infected mice model, inhalation of LBO with atomizer could decrease the lung index, alleviate the pathological injury in the lung tissue, and reduce the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6. LBO could significantly downregulate the expression of viral protein (nucleoprotein, PB2, and matrix 2 ion channel) and the phosphorylation of P65 and IRF3 in the lungs of mice. Conclusion. The therapeutic effects of LBO on treating influenza might result from the regulation of the immune response of IVA infection. LBO can be developed as an alternative therapeutic agent for influenza prevention.
Mineral Heterogeneity Characterization of the Lacustrine Yanchang Shales, Ordos Basin Using Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Micro-FTIR) Technique
Authors: Luo Bing , Shu Zhiguo , Chen Yalin , Li Zhuo , Hou Yufei , Wang Liwei , Yang Youdong , Liang Zhikai
Published: August 2021

Shale is a typical fine-grained sedimentary rock with small grain sizes of matrix components, significant lithofacies variation of rock texture and structure, and strong heterogeneity of organic matter and mineral compositions. Characterization of mineral compositions and their heterogeneity in micro- to nanoscale are the key parameters to gas shale pore structure and rock physical properties. In order to study the microscale mineralogy heterogeneity of the lacustrine shales in the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, the micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique was conducted. Based on the specific micro-FTIR spectra peaks, the abundance of mineral compositions can be quantitatively determined in the selected microscale areas. The results show that within the range of 80 μm micro-FTIR test interval, both massive argillaceous shale and silty interlayered shale show obvious heterogeneity; in particular, the relatively homogeneous shale observed by the naked eyes also has strong mineral heterogeneity. The results of micro-FTIR spectra are basically consistent with the bulk X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The advantage of this micro-FTIR technique includes higher resolution (less than 100 μm) and in situ mineral characterization of shale samples at micro- and nanoscale.
A Case of Idiopathic Recurrent Spontaneous Bladder Rupture
Authors: Bartholomew Reid , Ahmeti Mentor
Published: August 2021

Background. A female patient presented four years following spontaneous bladder rupture with a recurrent spontaneous bladder rupture. Summary. Urinary bladder rupture is a condition usually caused by trauma or surgical instrumentation. Spontaneous bladder rupture is a much more uncommon condition and is associated with intoxication, radiation, stricture, or neurogenic bladder. We describe a case of a 40-year-old woman with a history of three caesarian sections with an idiopathic recurrent spontaneous bladder rupture. Originally, she presented with one day of worsening severe abdominal pain. CT showed possible ischemic bowel. She was taken to the operating room (OR) and found to have a bladder rupture. This was repaired, and she did well postoperatively. Four years later, she presented to the emergency department (ED) with one week of worsening abdominal pain that became severe acutely. Given that she had a similar issue four years prior the patient was suspicious, her bladder was again ruptured. CT cystogram showed contrast extravasation into the peritoneum. The patient was taken urgently to the operating room for an open repair of the bladder rupture. She did well following the procedure. Conclusion. Spontaneous bladder rupture is a surgical emergency and should be in the differential diagnosis of any patient with peritonitis with elevated creatinine and free intraperitoneal fluid. This diagnosis should especially be considered if the patient has a history pelvic radiation, neurogenic bladder, or intoxication. We submit that a history of multiple pelvic surgeries should be included in this list. CT cystogram is the diagnostic test of choice. Operative repair is generally the treatment for this condition.
Bayesian Analysis of Dietary Diversity among Lactating Mothers in Finote Selam District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gebrie Yenesew Fentahun , Dessie Tadesse Mihretie
Published: August 2021

Background. Dietary diversity is an essential element of diet quality. Lactation is one of the most complex and nutritionally demanding phases of the human life cycle, and the breastfed infant is dependent on mother nutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of dietary diversity and its predictors among lactating mothers. Methods. A cross‐sectional study design was employed in January 2020 among 416 lactating women using systematic sampling techniques. Data was collected using a structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Bayesian estimation was used on logistic regression to identify the significant predictors of dietary diversity. Convergence of algorithm was assessed by using time series plot, density plot, and autocorrelation plot. Result. The prevalence of adequate dietary diversity was 23.1%, and the significant predictors of dietary diversity were marital status of mother, education of spouse, occupation of mother and spouse, family size, gravidity, ANC follow up, nutritional education, wealth index, and food security status. Conclusion. From the result, unmarried, having more family size, multigravidity, poor wealth indexed, and food in secured women were less likely to have adequate dietary diversity, whereas employed women, having ANC follow up and nutrition education, were strongly associated with adequate dietary diversity. Family planning should be given to minimize the impact of large family size of dietary diversity. Any concerned body should give attention to minimize food insecurity of lactating women. Attention should be given for ANC follow‐up and nutritional education of mothers by health professional and policy maker.
Antioxidant Potential of Parsley Leaf (Petroselinum crispum) Essential Oil on Hypothyroidism and Testicular Injury in Mice Intoxicated by Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Badr Gehan M. , Algefare Abdulmohsen I. , Alfwuaires Manal A.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) leaf essential oil (PO) against the detrimental effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the thyroid gland and testes of mice. Twenty‐four adult male mice were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks. The 1st control group received 3 mL/kg olive oil intraperitoneally, twice a week followed by 0.5 mL/kg saline intragastrically daily. The 2nd CCl4 group received CCl4 (3 mL/kg intraperitoneally, twice a week). The 3rd PO group received PO (0.5 mL/kg intragastrically daily), while the 4th CCl4+PO group received CCl4 coadministrated with PO at the aforementioned doses. CCl4 group recorded significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and significant (p < 0.05) increase in the lipid peroxidation end product’s level malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testes and thyroid glands. Meanwhile, serum levels of testosterone, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid hormones (thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), total thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4)) significantly decreased. Also, histopathologically, the testicular tissue showed hypospermatogenesis within irregular‐shaped seminiferous tubules with prominent edema in the interstitial spaces confirming the aforementioned biochemical alterations. Treatment with PO significantly reduced the testicular and thyroid oxidative stress (p < 0.05) and elevated the testosterone (73.47%), FSH (92.11%), LH (33.33%), T3 (23.47%), fT3 (39.13%), T4 (27.91%), and fT4 (75%) as compared to that of CCl4‐treated group corresponding values. The PO GC/MS analysis indicated bioactive monoterpenes (major component is 1,3,8‐mentha triene 34.48%) and phenylpropenes (major component is myristicin 21.04%). Results suggested the ameliorative effect of PO against CCl4‐induced hypogonadism in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining thyroid gland function.
SNAI2-Mediated Repression of BIM Protects Rhabdomyosarcoma from Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Wang Long , Hensch Nicole R. , Bondra Kathryn , Sreenivas Prethish , Zhao Xiang R. , Chen Jiangfei , Moreno Campos Rodrigo , Baxi Kunal , Vaseva Angelina V. , Sunkel Benjamin D. , Gryder Berkley E. , Pomella Silvia , Stanton Benjamin Z. , Zheng Siyuan , Chen Eleanor Y. , Rota Rossella , Khan Javed , Houghton Peter J. , Ignatius Myron S.
Published: August 2021

Ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy are mainstays of treatment for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, yet the molecular mechanisms that underlie the success or failure of radiotherapy remain unclear. The transcriptional repressor SNAI2 was previously identified as a key regulator of IR sensitivity in normal and malignant stem cells through its repression of the proapoptotic BH3-only gene PUMA/BBC3. Here, we demonstrate a clear correlation between SNAI2 expression levels and radiosensitivity across multiple rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Modulating SNAI2 levels in rhabdomyosarcoma cells through its overexpression or knockdown altered radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. SNAI2 expression reliably promoted overall cell growth and inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis following exposure to IR, with either variable or minimal effects on differentiation and senescence, respectively. Importantly, SNAI2 knockdown increased expression of the proapoptotic BH3-only gene BIM, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing experiments established that SNAI2 is a direct repressor of BIM/BCL2L11. Because the p53 pathway is nonfunctional in the rhabdomyosarcoma cells used in this study, we have identified a new, p53-independent SNAI2/BIM signaling axis that could potentially predict clinical responses to IR treatment and be exploited to improve rhabdomyosarcoma therapy.

Significance:

SNAI2 is identified as a major regulator of radiation-induced apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma through previously unknown mechanisms independent of p53.
Platelet-Coated Circulating Tumor Cells Are a Predictive Biomarker in Patients with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chai Shoujie , Matsumoto Nicholas , Storgard Ryan , Peng Chen-Ching , Aparicio Ana , Ormseth Benjamin , Rappard Kate , Cunningham Katherine , Kolatkar Anand , Nevarez Rafael , Tu Kai-Han , Hsu Ching-Ju , Malihi Paymaneh , Corn Paul , Zurita Amado , Hicks James , Kuhn Peter , Ruiz-Velasco Carmen
Published: August 2021

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) includes a subset of patients with particularly unfavorable prognosis characterized by combined defects in at least two of three tumor suppressor genes: PTEN, RB1, and TP53 as aggressive variant prostate cancer molecular signature (AVPC-MS). We aimed to identify circulating tumor cells (CTC) signatures that could inform treatment decisions of patients with mCRPC with cabazitaxel–carboplatin combination therapy versus cabazitaxel alone. Liquid biopsy samples were collected prospectively from 79 patients for retrospective analysis. CTCs were detected, classified, enumerated through a computational pipeline followed by manual curation, and subjected to single-cell genome-wide copy-number profiling for AVPC-MS detection. On the basis of immunofluorescence intensities, detected rare cells were classified into 8 rare-cell groups. Further morphologic characterization categorized CTC subtypes from 4 cytokeratin-positive rare-cell groups, utilizing presence of mesenchymal features and platelet attachment. Of 79 cases, 77 (97.5%) had CTCs, 24 (30.4%) were positive for platelet-coated CTCs (pc.CTCs) and 25 (38.5%) of 65 sequenced patients exhibited AVPC-MS in CTCs. Survival analysis indicated that the presence of pc.CTCs identified the subset of patients who were AVPC-MS–positive with the worst prognosis and minimal benefit from combination therapy. In AVPC-MS–negative patients, its presence showed significant survival improvement from combination therapy. Our findings suggest the presence of pc.CTCs as a predictive biomarker to further stratify AVPC subsets with the worst prognosis and the most significant benefit of additional platinum therapy.

Implications:

HDSCA3.0 can be performed with rare cell detection, categorization, and genomic characterization for pc.CTC identification and AVPC-MS detection as a potential predictive biomarker of mCRPC.
GSTM1
Gene, Diet, and Kidney Disease: Implication for Precision Medicine?: Recent Advances in Hypertension
Authors: Le Thu H.
Published: August 2021

In the United States, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in adults is ≈14%. The mainstay of therapy for chronic kidney disease is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, but many patients with chronic kidney disease still progress to end-stage kidney disease. Increased oxidative stress is a major molecular underpinning of chronic kidney disease progression. In humans, a common deletion variant of the glutathione-S-transferase μ-1 (
GSTM1
) gene, the
GSTM1
null allele (
GSTM1(0
)), results in decreased GSTM1 enzymatic activity and is associated with higher levels of oxidative stress. GSTM1 belongs to the superfamily of GSTs that are phase II antioxidant enzymes and are regulated by Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Cruciferous vegetables in general, and broccoli in particular, are rich in glucoraphanin, a precursor of sulforaphane that has been shown to have protective effects against oxidative damage through the activation of Nrf2. This review will highlight recent human and animal studies implicating the role of GSTM1 deficiency in hypertension and kidney disease, and its impact on the effects of cruciferous vegetables on kidney injury and disease progression, illustrating the significance of gene and environment interaction and a potential for targeted precision medicine in the treatment of kidney disease.
Rainfall and Agricultural Production in Botswana
Authors: Vossen Paul
Published: August 2021

The interannual variability of traditional, rainfed agricultural production of Botswana, a country with a typical semi-arid climate, is almost completely accounted for by the quality of the rainy season. It appears that the variability of the national cattle death ratio, total planted area and crop yield are, for more than 95% accounted for by rainy season conditions. As a result, also the nutritional state of the population highly correlates with rainfall.

Despite the severe droughts of 1978/79and1985/86, farmers were not discouraged to practice agriculture: in fact, crop production shows a significant positive time trend which becomes apparent, when the trend and the rainy season conditions are analysed in combination with each other.

As part of this study, models were developed and validated for a precise and areawise agricultural rainy season quality monitoring and for national agricultural production forecasting in Botswana. One of these models could possibly also be used for the areawise assessment of risks for malnutrition of children under five years old.
The Industrialisation of Zimbabwe - Past, Present and Future
Authors: Stoneman Colin
Published: August 2021

In this paper I look at Zimbabwe’s moderately successful industrialisation experience, past, present and future. The lessons that can be drawn from this experience in comparison with what has happened in other countries, both more and less succesful are: that there is a need for an intelligent state role; that both import substitution and export substitution are necessary; that emphasis on industry need not and must not be mean neglect of agriculture; and that the key problem is how to avoid enclave industrialisation which services urban elites but neglects the rest of the country and the region.
De Vulgarisatie van de Totale Kastratie van de Ram in Het Verre Noorden Van Kameroen: Een Voorbeeld van Een Niet-Verantwoorde Promotie van een Technologie
Authors: Thys Eric
Published: August 2021

Promotion of Total Castration in the Ram of the Far North Cameroon: An Example of a Not Justified Promotion of a Technology

The problem of a not justified promotion of a technique is explained through the example of the total castration in sheep in a sahelo-soudanian area of Africa.

The actual situation of the total castration in sheep and the influence on some zootechnical parameters are studied in the far north of Cameroon.

No benefit of this promotion has been observed in the local socio-economical environment. More emphasis has to be laid on the improvement of feeding and on a better flock management. In regard to the better understanding of problems in livestock extension, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.
L’analyse de l’ordonnance n°15/081 du 29 octobre 2015 portant nomination des commissaires spéciaux et des commissaires speciaux adjoints chargés d’administrer les nouvelles provinces en Republique Démocratique du Congo
Authors: Muambi Richard Tshienda
Published: August 2021

La Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo que le Peuple avait approuveé, lors du référendum organisé du 18 au 19 décembre 2005, met en évidence, au deuxième paragraphe de son préambule la volonté qui anima le souverain primaire, à savoir : « bâtir, au cɶur de l’Afrique, un Etat de droit et une Nation puissante et prospère, fondée sur une véritable démocratie politique [ … ] 1 » Par ailleurs, cette « Loi fondamentale » consacre d’une part, la décentralisation avec comme corollaire la libre administration des provinces et d’autre part, le découpage territorial qui tait passer le nombre de provinces de 11 à 26, dotées routes de la personnalité juridique. Le jeudi 29 octobre 2015, par ordonnance présidentielle, Joseph Kabila a nommé les commissaires spéciaux et leurs adjoints afin de diriger les nouvelles provinces issues de la dernière réforme territoriale. Cet acte administrative individuel divise la population congolaise. Si pour les uns, cette nomination est conforme à la Constitution, pour d’autres, il s’agit d’une violation pure et simple de la « Loi des lois. » Cet article se donne une double ambition : examiner l’ordonnance présidentielle controversée au regard de la Constitution de la RDC ainsi que du principe de l’Etat de droit et tirer les conséquences politiques qui pourraient en résulter.
Social inclusion, care and belonging of children with spina bifida: perspectives from Uganda
Authors: Bannink Femke
Published: August 2021

This study presents a situation analysis on daily functioning, caregiving, and inclusion of children with spina bifida in Uganda. 139 children with spina bifida and their families from 4 regions in Uganda participated in this study. Findings show how a complex play of cultural values, globalization and access to biomedical care determines knowledge, and negative attitudes about, and perception of children with spina bifida. Families and private non for profit organisations are the main providers of care of the children. Children with spina bifida had a more negative perception of themselves, were Jess likely to be in school, and had lower cognitive outcome compared to their siblings. Daily functioning and social inclusion were affected by motor function, incontinence, lack of support for caregivers, low household income, limited resources and knowledge of inclusive teaching, bullying, and inaccessibility of public transport, roads, and buildings. Positive experiences of belonging were found at family and household level and were closely related to the ‘ubuntu’ concept. When a child belongs, the child has a chance to live, to participate, to become, to be included. To facilitate inclusion, families need to be supported, and negative attitudes and behaviour of community members, teachers, and health workers need to be addressed.
The genus Planaeschna McLachlan, 1895 and its subgroupings in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species (Odonata: Aeshnidae)
Authors: KOMPIER TOM , KARUBE HARUKI , FUTAHASHI RYO , PHAN QUOC TOAN
Published: August 2021

Twelve Planaeschna McLachlan, 1895 species recorded in Vietnam are presented and their subgroupings based on nuclear DNA analysis are discussed. Three new species are described (Planaeschna crux sp. nov. [holotype: Pia Oac NP, Cao Bang Prov.], Planaeschna samurai sp. nov. [holotype: Khau Pha, Tu Le, Yen Bai Prov.] and Planaeschna tsuchi sp. nov. [holotype: Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov.]. Planaeschna celia Wilson & Reels, 2001 is recorded from Vietnam for the first time. Planaeschna guentherpetersi Sasamoto, Do & Vu, 2013 is shown to be a subspecies of Planaeschna ishigakiana Asahina, 1951. The female of Planaeschna cucphuongensis Karube, 1999 is described for the first time. Additional records are provided for Planaeschna asahinai Karube, 2011, Planaeschna tamdaoensis Asahina, 1996, Planaeschna tomokunii Asahina, 1996, and Planaeschna viridis Karube, 2004. Lastly, the females of two unidentified Planaeschna spp. are illustrated. Information on the ecology of all species is provided.
Description of nymph of Brasilocaenis atawallpa Lima, Molineri, Vieira, Pinheiro & Salles, 2019 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) and notes on its taxonomic status
Authors: NASCIMENTO STÊNIO R. S. , CRUZ PAULO V. , SILVA MYLLENA S. L. , FIRMINO VIVIANE C. , BRASIL LEANDRO S. , JUEN LEANDRO , LIMA LUCAS R. C.
Published: August 2021

Brasilocaenis atawallpa was recently described based on male imago from Colombian Amazon. The original description does not contain a designation of type specimens or locality, and it just states that the type series was studied in order to perform the cladistic analysis. In this context, we herein designate the lectotype and paralectotypes of B. atawallpa and describe its nymphal stage. The nymphs were associated to B. atawallpa by the male genitalia extracted from mature nymphs. The nymphal stage of B. atawallpa can be differentiated from others known nymphs of the genus by absence of pointed microspines on opercular gill, fore coxa without projection, middle coxa with well-developed and semicircular projection, hind coxa with finger-like projection, fore and middle tarsal claws without denticles and hind margin of the ninth sternite almost straight.
Observed Deep Cyclonic Eddies around Southern Greenland
Authors: Zou Sijia , Bower Amy S. , Furey Heather , Pickart Robert S. , Houpert Loïc , Holliday N. Penny
Published: August 2021

Recent mooring measurements from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program have revealed abundant cyclonic eddies at both sides of Cape Farewell, the southern tip of Greenland. In this study, we present further observational evidence, from both Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives, of deep cyclonic eddies with intense rotation (ζ/f > 1) around southern Greenland and into the Labrador Sea. Most of the observed cyclones exhibit strongest rotation below the surface at 700–1000 dbar, where maximum azimuthal velocities are ~30 cm s−1 at radii of ~10 km, with rotational periods of 2–3 days. The cyclonic rotation can extend to the deep overflow water layer (below 1800 dbar), albeit with weaker azimuthal velocities (~10 cm s−1) and longer rotational periods of about one week. Within the middepth rotation cores, the cyclones are in near solid-body rotation and have the potential to trap and transport water. The first high-resolution hydrographic transect across such a cyclone indicates that it is characterized by a local (both vertically and horizontally) potential vorticity maximum in its middepth core and cold, fresh anomalies in the deep overflow water layer, suggesting its source as the Denmark Strait outflow. Additionally, the propagation and evolution of the cyclonic eddies are illustrated with deep Lagrangian floats, including their detachments from the boundary currents to the basin interior. Taken together, the combined Eulerian and Lagrangian observations have provided new insights on the boundary current variability and boundary–interior exchange over a geographically large scale near southern Greenland, calling for further investigations on the (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the region.
Center Effects: Counseling Center Variables as Predictors of Psychotherapy Outcomes
Authors: Carney Dever M. , Castonguay Louis G. , Janis Rebecca A. , Scofield Brett E. , Hayes Jeffrey A. , Locke Benjamin D.
Published: August 2021

Treatment context may have a unique impact on psychotherapy outcomes, above and beyond client, therapist, and therapy process variables. University counseling centers represent one such treatment context facing increasing treatment demands. This study examined the role of counseling centers and center variables in explaining differences in psychotherapy outcomes. The Center for Collegiate Mental Health, a large practice–research network, contained data from 116 counseling centers, 2,362 therapists, and 58,423 clients. Multilevel modeling tested if some counseling centers systematically achieved better outcomes than others (a “center effect”). Outcome was operationalized as clients’ magnitude and rate of change in distress across treatment. Results showed a relatively small “center effect” for both outcomes. Analyses sought to explain that center effect through administrative policies and characteristics. As a group, these variables partially explained the center effect. None explained a large portion of total outcome variance. Potential future implications for policy and advocacy efforts are discussed.
The Synergistic but Troubled Relationship Between Psychotherapy Science and Practice: Moving Forward
Authors: Gelso Charles J. , Hill Clara E. , Kivlighan Dennis M.
Published: August 2021

How to foster the integration of science (especially empirical research) and practice has been a vexing problem since the beginnings of counseling psychology and other applied fields. We propose that the basis for this problem is the very different, even contradictory, demands of empirical research and practice, and the resulting ways of being research scientists and practitioners. Focusing on psychotherapy, we posit seven such demands/pulls and ways of being and seven tactics for strengthening integration. Clinically relevant research on the therapeutic relationship and therapist skills/interventions conducted at the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Lab is summarized. We emphasize that for science and practice to be mutually facilitative, the field will need to pay close and ongoing attention to ways of strengthening integration.