bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐poroelasticity under temporal flux in low permeable layer confined with flexible sealing media
Authors: Zhai X. , Atefi‐Monfared K.
Published: November 2020

Analytical formulation of nonisothermal injection in geological reservoirs remains challenging, and researchers have adopted a number of simplifying assumptions to theoretically predict the resulting geomechanical alterations. One common assumption behind current thermo‐poroelastic solutions is a constant temperature and constant pore pressure in the reservoir rock adjacent to the source/sink, which results in an unrealistic discontinuity in the rock temperature profile, ignoring the gradual geomechanical changes at this location. Another common assumption in previous studies is the plane strain approximation, thus ignoring vertical interactions between the target layer and the surrounding rocks. This paper presents new closed‐form thermo‐poroelastic solutions for nonisothermal injection in a low permeable porous layer confined with flexible sealing rocks. The transient nature of temperatures in the rock adjacent to the source/sink is incorporated through implication of a temporal heat and fluid flux boundary condition. The impact of vertical confinement is also integrated using the Winkler model. The proposed solutions are proven to capture generation of short‐term thermal‐induced pore pressures near the wellbore, which cannot be captured using conventional solutions. It is also demonstrated that the conventional solutions obtained using constant pore pressure and temperature boundary are in fact a special case of the proposed solutions, and the latter yield the former where the heat transfer between the source/sink and the rock occurs quite rapidly. The vertical confinement is also shown to have a notable impact on the induced stresses‐strains, and thus should be incorporated when studying wellbore stability or assessing seal rock integrity during nonisothermal injection.
Ultrasonographic cystometry for neurogenic bladder using elastography
Authors: Do Minh‐Tung , Kim Keewon , Kim Louis , Im Young Jae , Choi Young Hun , Park Kwanjin
Published: November 2020

Aim

Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) has been used to measure elasticity (Young's modulus: YM) in solid organs. It was reported to show a better correlation with intravesical pressure (Pves) than with compliance, supporting its potential use in noninvasive cystometry. Contrariwise, conceptually, YM should be more correlated with compliance than with Pves. To optimize the potential use of YM as a noninvasive urodynamic study, the relationship between YM, Pves, and compliance was reassessed in this study.

Method

YM was serially measured using SWE along with bladder filling. To overcome problems inherent to current compliance measurements, modified dynamic compliance was developed from cystometry by a locally weighted scatter plot smoothing algorithm. Then it was matched with YM from SWE. YM was also correlated with Pves. Furthermore, to understand the nature of YM, which was measured by ultrasound, the bladder wall's modulus, which was the mathematical assessment of YM derived from cystometric data, was also calculated and compared.

Results

Thirty‐two neurogenic bladder patients were included in this study. YM correlated with Pves (r = .72, p < .0001) better than with modified dynamic compliance (r = −0.43, p < .0001). The correlation of YM with Pves was even higher than that with the calculated bladder wall's modulus (r = .52, p < .0001).

Conclusion

YM measured by SWE associates with Pves better than with compliance, confirming the results of previous studies. SWE reflects the integration of both the holding capability of the bladder wall and urine rather than either of one, implying its potential utilization in noninvasive cystometry.
A retrospective longitudinal evaluation of new overactive bladder patients in an FPMRS urologist practice: Are patients following up and utilizing third‐line therapies?
Authors: Du Chris , Berg William T. , Siegal Alexandra R. , Huang Zhenyue , Nguyen Anh , Cheung Alice , Mehraban‐Far Sina , Anderson Rebecca , Jacob Sophia , Kim Jason
Published: November 2020

Aims

Third‐line therapies are efficacious in improving overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms; however, OAB patients have poor follow‐up and rarely progress to these therapies. Clinical care pathways (CCP) may improve OAB follow‐up rates and third‐line therapy use. We sought to determine how new OAB patients follow up and utilize third‐line therapies with the implementation of an OAB CCP in a fellowship Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) trained urologist's academic practice.

Methods

We identified new OAB patients using ICD‐9 and 10 codes. They were placed into two groups: pre‐ and post‐CCP use. Basic demographic data were collected. Patients were evaluated in a retrospective longitudinal fashion over 12 months to determine follow‐up and third‐line therapy utilization.

Results

A total of 769 new OAB patients (261 pre‐CCP and 508 post‐CCP) were identified. The mean number of follow‐up visits increased significantly at 6 months (0.94 vs. 1.64 visits, p = .001) and 12 months (1.26 vs. 2.46 visits, p < .003). Follow‐up rates increased significantly at 3 months (38.7% vs. 50.2%, p = .002). Mean time to third‐line therapy decreased significantly (280 days vs. 160 days, p = .016). Third‐line therapy utilization therapy rates increased at 6 months (7.7% vs. 13.4%, p = .018) and at 12 months (11.1% vs. 16.5%, p = .044).

Conclusions

New OAB patients follow‐up and progress to third‐line therapies faster and more frequently with the use of a CCP in an FPMRS‐trained urologist practice. However, many OAB patients still fail to follow up and overall utilization of third‐line therapies remains low. Future studies are warranted to identify factors to why overall OAB compliance remains low.
Stochastic analysis of an automated storage and retrieval system with multiple in‐the‐aisle pick positions
Authors: Liu Jingming , Liao Haitao , White John A.
Published: November 2020

An automated storage and retrieval system with multiple in‐the‐aisle pick positions (MIAPP‐AS/RS) is often used to support case‐picking occurring at floor and mezzanine levels. In this paper, the replenishment process is modeled as an M/G/1/N/N queueing problem in which the aisle‐captive AS/R machine is the server and pick positions requiring replenishments are customers. Four scenarios are considered: finite population with dedicated storage, finite population with random storage, infinite population with dedicated storage and infinite population with random storage. The corresponding probability density functions (PDFs) for travel time are derived using a Chebyshev travel metric. For the finite population case, PDFs are derived using a novel method based on contour lines; the contour‐line‐based method can be used to derive PDFs for similar problems. From queueing and simulation results, the robustness of the M/G/1/N/N queueing model is demonstrated, allowing it to be applied in analyzing an MIAPP‐AS/RS case‐picking operation when interarrival times of replenishment requests are not exponentially distributed and heterogeneous customers are present. Dedicated‐ and random‐storage policies for reserve storage are compared and conditions favoring each policy are provided. A case study demonstrates how queueing results can be applied in designing an MIAPP‐AS/RS.
On solutions of fuzzy fractional order complex population dynamical model
Authors: Ullah Abd , Ullah Aman , Ahmad Shabir , Ahmad Imtiaz , Akgül Ali
Published: November 2020

Uncertainty always involved in our life activities because we cannot measure a physical quantity accurately. This situation has handled by fuzzy systems and fuzzy differential equations. Recently, fuzzy fractional differential equations got tremendous attention of the researchers of the current century because these operators model the real phenomenon more accurately than integer‐order and fractional‐order operators. Therefore, we investigate the complex population dynamical model under the fuzzy Caputo fractional derivative. Since the Laplace transform has a high convergence rate among all transform methods, so we use fuzzy Laplace transform along with Adomian decomposition to obtain general numerical results for the proposed model. We provide two examples to support the proposed procedure. We simulate the numerical results in terms of graphs for the various fractional‐order and at uncertaintyr ∈ [0, 1].
The Impact of Human Papillomavirus Infection on Skin Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Ming-Li , Wang Shuo-Hsuan , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Yip Hei-Tung , Hung Yao-Min , Chang Renin
Published: November 2020

Background

This study investigated the correlation between a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and skin cancer risk.

Materials and Methods

The study cohort comprised 26,919 patients with newly diagnosed HPV infection between 2000 and 2012; with the use of computer-generated numbers, patients without previous HPV infection were randomly selected as the comparison cohort. The patients in the HPV infection cohort were matched to comparison individuals at a 1:4 ratio by demographic characteristics and comorbidities. All study individuals were followed up until they developed skin cancer, withdrew from the National Health Insurance program, were lost to follow-up, or until the end of 2013. The primary outcome was subsequent skin cancer development. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the risk of skin cancer with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the HPV and control cohort.

Results

The adjusted HR of skin cancer for patients with HPV relative to controls was 2.45 after adjusting sex, age and comorbidities. (95% CI, 1.44–4.18, p < .01). The subgroup analysis indicated that a patient with HPV infection had a significantly greater risk of skin cancer if they were aged >40 years. Notably, a risk of skin cancer was found in the group diagnosed with HPV within the first 5 years after the index date (adjusted HR, 3.12; with 95% CI, 1.58–5.54). Sensitivity analysis by propensity score, matching with balanced sex, age, and comorbidities, showed consistent results.

Conclusion

A history of HPV infection is associated with the development of subsequent skin cancer in Taiwanese subjects, and the risk wanes 5 years later.

Implications for Practice

In this Taiwan nationwide cohort study, there was a 2.45-fold increased risk of developing new-onset skin cancers for patients with incident human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, compared with the matched controls. Furthermore, the risk was noticeably significant among patients aged >40 years. A prominent risk of skin cancers was found in the group diagnosed with HPV within the first 5 years after the index date in this study. The results of this analysis may raise consensus on the effect of HPV infection on the risk of skin cancers. Clinicians are encouraged to implement prudently on the differential diagnosis of skin cancers and HPV prevention and treatment, especially in older patients.
Everolimus-Related Pneumonitis in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Incidence, Radiographic Patterns, and Relevance to Clinical Outcome
Authors: Gong Chengcheng , Xiao Qin , Li Yi , Gu Yajia , Zhang Jian , Wang Leiping , Cao Jun , Tao Zhonghua , Zhao Yannan , Xie Yizhao , Hu Xichun , Wang Biyun
Published: November 2020

Background

This study investigated the incidence, radiographic patterns, and relevance to clinical outcome of everolimus-related pneumonitis (ERP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Materials and Methods

Data of patients with MBC treated with everolimus who had baseline and at least one follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) were obtained from a medical electronic database system. An independent review of the CT scans of these patients was conducted by two radiologists (NCT 03730428). Log-rank and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used for time-to-event analyses.

Results

ERP was radiographically detected in 45 of 86 patients (52.3%). In more than 80% of these patients, ERP occurred during the first 4 months of everolimus treatment. Only 14 of the 45 patients with ERP were symptomatic (31.1%). Symptoms included cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Bilateral and lower distribution of the pneumonitis was most common. In most of the cases, ground-glass opacities and reticular opacities were noticed. Elderly patients were more likely to develop ERP. Patients with ERP had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS; 6.8 vs. 4.1 months, p = .024) and overall survival (OS; 42.8 vs. 21.3 months, p = .016). ERP was a predictor of OS improvement confirmed by multivariate Cox analysis (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.97; p = .040).

Conclusions

ERP was noted in half of the patients with MBC treated with everolimus. Our data suggested that ERP was associated with improved prognosis and may be used as a biomarker for the efficacy of everolimus in MBC. Close monitoring, prompt diagnosis, and proper treatment for ERP are essential to maintain the quality of life of patients and achieve maximum treatment benefits.

Implications for Practice

Everolimus-related pneumonitis (ERP) is one of the most worrying drug adverse events, especially in Asian patients. However, little has been known about the clinical and radiographic details of ERP in patients with metastatic breast cancers (MBCs) treated with everolimus. The present study investigated the clinical characteristics, radiographic patterns, and its correlation with treatment outcome in patients with MBC. ERP was identified in more than half of patients with MBC during everolimus therapy and was associated with improved outcome. Close monitoring and prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment for ERP are critical for the preservation of patients' quality of life and achievement of maximal treatment benefits.
Recent developments in catalytic amide bond formation
Authors: Todorovic Mihajlo , Perrin David M.
Published: November 2020

Amide bond forming reactions are critical for both polypeptide synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Most current approaches for amidation employ stoichiometric activating agents, but such methods are neither atom economical nor synthetically elegant. Catalytic approaches for amidation are potentially green and more ideal substitutes for current standard methods and thus are the subject of this review. Such methods face significant thermodynamic and kinetic barriers and have, as a result, historically conceded the use of elevated temperatures and dehydrating agents or lacked broad and relevant substrate scopes from the perspective of peptide chemistry. Recent advancements in methods for both direct amidation (the coupling of a carboxylic acid and an amine) and indirect amidation (the coupling of other partners resulting in an amide bond) based on aryl boronic acids, transition metals and organocatalysis for the former and ester amidation and redox‐coupled amidation for the later, address these previous shortcomings and are examined therein.
Autocatalyzed oxidation of d‐glucitol by alkaline copper (III) periodate complex: A kinetic and mechanistic approach
Authors: Patil Shreekant M. , Bagoji Atmanand M. , Konnur Santosh B. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T.
Published: November 2020

An autocatalyzed oxidation of d‐glucitol (DG) by diperiodatocuprate (III) (DPC) in aqueous alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.06 mol dm−3 was studied spectrophotometrically. An autocatalysis was observed by one of the products formed, that is, Cu (II). A 1:2 stoichiometry (DG : DPC) exhibited reaction between the DG and DPC in an aqueous alkaline medium. The reaction was of first order in [DPC] when [DPC] < < [DG], while the order with respect to [DG] and [OH−] was less than unity, whereas periodate had retarding effect on the rate of reaction. Ionic strength had a negligible effect on the rate of reaction. The main reaction products were identified by the spot tests and spectroscopic analysis. The product, Cu (II), catalyzed the reaction with a fractional order. A composite mechanism involving uncatalyzed and autocatalyzed reaction paths was proposed. The activation parameters with respect to slow step of the mechanism and also the thermodynamic quantities were determined and discussed.
Structural insight into the novel iron‐coordination and domain interactions of transferrin‐1 from a model insect, Manduca sexta
Authors: Weber Jacob J. , Kashipathy Maithri M. , Battaile Kevin P. , Go Eden , Desaire Heather , Kanost Michael R. , Lovell Scott , Gorman Maureen J.
Published: November 2020

Transferrins function in iron sequestration and iron transport by binding iron tightly and reversibly. Vertebrate transferrins coordinate iron through interactions with two tyrosines, an aspartate, a histidine, and a carbonate anion, and conformational changes that occur upon iron binding and release have been described. Much less is known about the structure and functions of insect transferrin‐1 (Tsf1), which is present in hemolymph and influences iron homeostasis mostly by unknown mechanisms. Amino acid sequence and biochemical analyses have suggested that iron coordination by Tsf1 differs from that of the vertebrate transferrins. Here we report the first crystal structure (2.05 Å resolution) of an insect transferrin. Manduca sexta (MsTsf1) in the holo form exhibits a bilobal fold similar to that of vertebrate transferrins, but its carboxyl‐lobe adopts a novel orientation and contacts with the amino‐lobe. The structure revealed coordination of a single Fe3+ ion in the amino‐lobe through Tyr90, Tyr204, and two carbonate anions. One carbonate anion is buried near the ferric ion and is coordinated by four residues, whereas the other carbonate anion is solvent exposed and coordinated by Asn121. Notably, these residues are highly conserved in Tsf1 orthologs. Docking analysis suggested that the solvent exposed carbonate position is capable of binding alternative anions. These findings provide a structural basis for understanding Tsf1 function in iron sequestration and transport in insects as well as insight into the similarities and differences in iron homeostasis between insects and humans.
Electrochemical Determination of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Norfloxacin in the Presence of Anionic Surfactant Using the Anodically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Karahan Fatih , Başı Zehra , Keskin Ertuğrul , Pınar Pınar Talay , Yardım Yavuz , Şentürk Zühre
Published: November 2020

In this article, a simple, fast and inexpensive methodology has been developed for the determination of fluoroquinolone class antibiotic norfloxacin (NFX) in anionic surfactant media (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) using an anodically pretreated boron‐doped diamond (APT‐BDD) electrode. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the NFX gave an irreversible and adsorption controlled anodic oxidation signal at a potential of about +1.32 V on the APT‐BDD electrode. The effects of parameters such as the electrode pre‐treatment procedure, SDS concentration, and instrumental variables on the electrochemical sensitivity of NFX were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the linearity was achieved in the range of 0.05 to 4.0 μg mL−1 (1.57×10−7−1.25×10−5 mol L−1), with a detection limit of 0.013 μg mL−1 (4.07×10−8 mol L−1) by using square‐wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SW‐AdSV). The feasibility of the developed approach for the quantification of NFX in urine samples was tested.
A Novel ‘On‐Off’ Rhodamine Based Sensor for Colorimetric Detection of CN−and Its Application as Encoder‐Decoder and Molecular Keypad Lock
Authors: Mehta Ruhi , Luxami Vijay
Published: November 2020

A novel rhodamine‐phenalenedicarbonitrile based “on‐off” sensor (Rho‐Pdc) has been synthesized which is characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The photophysical studies of the dyad suggest its existence in spirolactam ring open form of rhodamine. ICT (Intramolecular Charge Transfer) active sensor displays an absorption band at 577 nm with a shoulder at 520 nm and fluorescence band at 593 nm. The treatment of dyad Rho‐Pdc with different anions shows its sensitivity and selectivity towards CN− ions in aqueous methanolic solution with lowest detection limit of 0.13 μM and the binding constant was determined to be 1.17 × 104 M−1 by applying Benesi‐Hildebrand equation. The presence of CN− ions hinder the ICT process of dyad Rho‐Pdc and shows a blue shift in absorption band of dyad Rho‐Pdc with formation of new band at 488 nm as well as decrease in the intensity of emission band. Rho‐Pdc has also been used for the colorimetric detection of CN− ions among different anions and concentrations. The reversibility of Rho‐Pdc.CN−complex has been achieved with Fe3+ ions which formed the basis for the construction of multiple molecular logic circuits.
α‐C‐Mannosyltryptophan is a Structural Analog of the Luciferin from Bioluminescent Siberian Earthworm Henlea sp.
Authors: Dubinnyi Maxim A. , Ivanov Igor A. , Rodionova Natalia S. , Kovalchuk Sergey I. , Kaskova Zinaida M. , Petushkov Valentin N.
Published: November 2020

Cold extract from bioluminescent earthworm Henlea sp. was studied by HPLC, 1D and 2D NMR and LC‐HRMS analysis. An abundant structural analog of the luciferin was isolated and identified as α‐C‐mannosyltryptophan (ManTrp), the product of unusual C2‐glycosylation found earlier in humans, ascidians and other animals. Two compounds in cold extract (P300b, P300c) were characterized as C2‐substituted derivatives of tryptophan. We hypothesize that a series of tryptophan‐containing compounds are possible participants of bioluminescence‐related metabolism in Henlea sp.
7‐(β‐D‐Ribofuranosyl)guanine and its Analogues Modified in the Sugar Portion: Synthesis and Antiglioma Properties
Authors: Wawrzyniak Dariusz , Framski Grzegorz , Januszczyk Piotr , Ostrowski Tomasz , Baraniak Dagmara , Jahnz‐Wechmann Zofia , Fogt Joanna , Manikowski Andrzej , Baranowski Daniel , Rolle Katarzyna , Boryski Jerzy
Published: November 2020

A series of guanine 7‐nucleosides and their analogs modified in the sugar portion have been synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity in vitro against five cancer cell lines (T98G,

U‐251 MG, HeLa, SKOV‐3, T‐47D) with MRC‐5 (healthy cells) as a reference. Several guanine 7‐pentafuranosides and 7‐acyclo‐nucleosides have demonstrated a selective anti‐malignant potency at micromolar concentrations in the case of T98G and U‐251 MG glioma lines, while being totally inactive against other cancer cells.
Chiral Polyurea from Tartaric Acid Derived and Lysine Backbone: A Synthetic and Computational Study
Authors: Ünay Gizem Çalışgan , Yıldırım Erol , Akdag Akin
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the studies on artificial helical polymers have become an attractive field due to their impressive optical activity and functions. They have numerous potential applications in many areas such as chiral recognition, enantioselective crystallization, enantioselective release, asymmetric catalysis, and 3D displays.Two new urea containing polymers were synthesized in this study. P‐1 synthesis was accomplished, starting from tartaric acid. Tartaric acid was successfully converted to diamine 4. The diamine was treated with a p‐phenylene diisocyanate to get helical structures at the macroscopic level, as evidenced by SEM images. This was shown to be the case through interchain H‐bonding between urea groups and microphase separation between the segments due to hydrophobicity difference along the chain. Limited conformational space in P‐1 also assisted the helical structure formation. P‐2 was synthesized by treating L‐lysine with p‐phenylene diisocyanate. Due to the ample conformational space and intersegmental mixing due to hydrogen bond between urea and L‐lysine segments, P‐2 was shown not to be in a helical conformation. Molecular dynamics simulations and first principle studies were used to explain observed structural behaviour for these polymers.
Synthesis of Uscharin Oxime Analogues and Their Biological Evaluation as HIF‐1 Inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Xiaobo , Xiao Riping , Chen Ming , Bai Li‐Ping
Published: November 2020

Uscharin‐like non‐classical cardenolides are considered to be useful as HIF‐1 inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. To develop more potent HIF‐1 inhibitors, oximes and oxime ethers of uscharin were designed and synthesized. Oximation of uscharin exhibited unexpectedly a regioselectivity and stereoselectivity at 3′‐thiazoline but not at the 19‐aldehyde group, since either E‐ketoxime derivative 2 or its ether 5 at C‐3′ was found as the only product during oximation of uscharin using hydroxylamine or methoxyamine at room temperature. Two 19‐aldoxime derivatives 4 and 6 were also synthesized. Ketoxime analogue 2 showed more potent inhibitory effect on HIF‐1 transcriptional activity than the parental uscharin. Ketoxime ether 5 and 19‐aldoxime 6 exhibited stronger HIF‐1 suppressing effect than digoxin (the positive control drug). Moreover, ketoxime derivative 2 displayed the most potent anti‐proliferative activity against MCF‐7 cancer cells among all compounds. An analysis of structure‐activity relationship revealed that 3′‐ketoxime is a superior moiety to a thiazoline ring, while 19‐aldoxime is inferior to an aldehyde counterpart. Our findings may provide some guidance for the rational design of uscharin‐based promising HIF‐1 inhibitors.
Recent Progress in Sulfonylation via Radical Reaction with Sodium Sulfinates, Sulfinic Acids, Sulfonyl Chlorides or Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Dong Dao‐Qing , Han Qing‐Qing , Yang Shao‐Hui , Song Jing‐Cheng , Li Na , Wang Zu‐Li , Xu Xin‐Ming
Published: November 2020

Sodium sulfinates, sulfinic acids, sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonyl hydrazides as readily available and efficient sulfonylation reagents have been extensively explored in recent years. Sulfonyl radical can be generated from these sulfonyl reagents via different methods, then the sulfonyl radical could react with various substrates via different pathways to afford the corresponding products. In this review, we will summarize the progress in sulfonylation via radical reaction using sodium sulfinates, sulfinic acids, sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonyl hydrazides in recent three years. In terms of the different sulfonylation reagents, we classify these sulfonylation reactions into four types: 1. Sulfonylation reaction using sodium sulfinates. 2. Sulfonylation reaction using sulfinic acid. 3. Sulfonylation reaction using sulfonyl chlorides. 4. Sulfonylation reaction using sulfonyl hydrazides.
The Properties and SCR de‐NOx Application of Supported V2O5/TiO2 Catalysts with Different Polymerization State of VOx Species Controlled by the pH Value of Their Precursors
Authors: Wang Weijia , Deng Shengcai , Tong Qing , Zhang Xiaolin , Wu Shishi , Xu Bolian , He Lirong , Li Shuchao , Gong Jingjing , Fan Yining , Roy Vellaisamy A. L.
Published: November 2020

NOx is the main pollutant in the air, which causes many harmful effects on society. The V2O5/TiO2 catalysts are very important to reduce the NOx from the heat engine plants and vehicle exhausts. However, various reasons will affect the performance of the catalysts. In this paper, the polymerization state of surface VOx of supported V2O5/TiO2 catalysts was controlled by changing the pH value of the impregnation precursor solutions, and the redox and acidity properties of the catalysts can be adjusted consequently. The Raman spectroscopy, 51V magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), NH3‐temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO) and 15NH3‐NO‐O2‐temperature‐programmed surface reaction (TPSR) were mainly used for the characterization and properties tests of the samples. Although all catalysts in this work had similar surface morphology and the same vanadium loading, the catalyst oxidability decreased while acidity increased with the increasing of VOx polymerization, which causes the NO conversion increases with the increasing of VOx polymerization below 300 °C in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de‐NOx reaction. This work will promote the advance in catalysis and anti‐pollution fields for human and nature.
Highly K+ Selective Probes with Fluorescence Emission Wavelengths Higher than 500 nm in Water
Authors: Schwarze Thomas , Riemer Janine
Published: November 2020

Herein, we report on the synthesis of highly K+/Na+ selective fluorescent probes in a feasible number of synthetic steps. These K+ selective fluorescent probes, so called fluoroionophores, 1 and 2 consists of different highly K+/Na+ selective building blocks the alkoxy‐substituted N‐phenylaza‐18‐crown‐6 lariat ethers (ionophores) and “green” (cf. coumarin unit in 1) or “red” (cf. nile red unit in 2) fluorescent moieties (fluorophores). The fluorescent probes 1 and 2 show K+ induced fluorescence enhancement factors of 4.1 for 1 and 1.9 for 2 and dissociation constants for the corresponding K+ complexes of 43 mM (1+K+) and 18 mM (2+K+) in buffered aqueous solution. The fluorescence signal of 1 and 2 is changed by less than 5 % by pH values in the range of 6.8 to 8.8. Thus, 1 and 2 are capable fluorescent tools to determine extracellular K+ levels by fluorescence enhancements at wavelengths higher than 500 nm.
Experimental Investigation on the Correlation between the Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Activity of Six DESs in the Kabachnik‐Fields Reaction
Authors: Shaibuna M. , Sreekumar K.
Published: November 2020

Six Type IV Deep Eutectic Solvents (homogeneous mixture of metal chloride hydrate and hydrogen bond donor) were prepared from ZrOCl2 ⋅ 8H2O/CeCl3 ⋅ 7H2O with urea, ethylene glycol and glycerol. A study was performed by correlating the properties of DESs with their activity as catalyst as well as reaction medium in Kabachnik‐Fields reaction. Among the six DESs, lower density, viscosity and higher acidity were observed for DES 1(Deep Eutectic Solvent developed from ZrOCl2.8H2O and urea at 1 : 5 ratio) and is reported as an excellent catalyst and reaction medium for the productive synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates within a short period of time. The wide substrate applicability was checked by synthesising 21 different α‐aminophosphonate derivatives and analysed by TLC, GCMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and melting point measurements. One pot reaction of an aldehyde, dimethyl phosphite and amine (Kabachnik‐Fields/ Phospha‐Mannich reaction) took place at room temperature to give the corresponding α‐aminophosphonates in good yield and the precipitation of these products in to water avoided the regular work up process. Catalyst was recycled up to five times without any loss in its activity.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Catechol Pyran Isolated from Plectranthus sylvestris by δ‐Hydroxyalkynone Rearrangement
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Saini Deepak
Published: November 2020

A highly efficient atom‐economic and metal‐free rearrangement of δ‐hydroxyalkynone to 2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one‐based strategy has been employed in the stereoselective total synthesis of either enantiomers of catechol pyran natural product isolated from Plectranthus sylvestris. The desired δ‐hydroxyalkynone substrates for rearrangement were prepared via the enantioselective Jacobsen kinetic resolution and the rearrangement was effected with cheaply available Brønsted acid para‐toluene sulfonic acid (p‐TsOH at 10 mol%). The strategy is concise and easily adoptable for synthesis of various 4‐hydroxy or 4‐keto‐2,6‐disubstituted pyran‐based natural products.
App recommendation based on both quality and security
Authors: Gao Shanquan , Liu Lei , Liu Yuzhou , Liu Huaxiao , Wang Yihui , Liu Peixun
Published: November 2020

With the rapid prevalence of smartphones and the dramatic proliferation of mobile applications, people tend to do everything at their fingertips, including some sensitive activities, such as bank transfers. This makes security become one important factor when recommending apps to users. However, most existing methods recommend apps only on the basis of the apps' functionalities. Even when some methods take security into account, they usually roughly group apps with functionalities and identify the products using extra permissions as risky, but this ignores a common phenomenon that these permissions may be used only to achieve the corresponding functionalities. In this paper, we propose an app recommendation method considering both functionalities and security. For functionalities, we summarized them from app descriptions and further evaluated their completion quality in different products by analyzing their related reviews. For security, we cluster apps with similar functionalities and quality and analyze the permissions of apps in a more comparable range. In this way, our method recommends apps with higher completion quality of functionalities and security degree to users according to their demands. We conducted experiments on apps collected from six categories of Google Play, and the results show that our method has a good recommendation effect.
Financial development and top income shares in OECD countries
Authors: Saha Anjan K. , Mishra Vinod , Smyth Russell
Published: November 2020

We examine the causal impact of financial development (FD) on top income shares for a panel of 14 OECD countries—five Anglo‐Saxon countries, eight continental European countries, and Japan—over a 110‐year period. In our main General Method of Moments estimates, we find that a 1‐percentage‐point change in FD increases the top 1% income share by 0.2%. In distribution terms, a 1‐SD incr=ease in FD increases the top 1% income share by around 0.4 of an SD. The effects are robust to various measures of top income shares and FD and alternative estimation techniques, including nonparametric estimation. FD is typically viewed in positive terms in that it makes it easier to access credit and facilitates economic growth. Our results are important because they contribute to understanding of the potential negative effects of FD.
Establishing Appropriate Cut Scores of a Standardized Test for a Local Placement Context
Authors: Ockey Gary J. , Vo Sonca , Baghestani Shireen
Published: November 2020

Various approaches help determine students’ need for language support courses. Some programs use standardized language proficiency test scores, which are available from the admissions process; others use local placement tests, which are typically designed to be aligned with local language needs and ESL course curricula. Using local placement tests may be more defensible, but sufficient resources to develop, administer, and score valid assessments are often not available. Another approach is using standardized test scores to screen out students with a high likelihood of passing the local placement test, followed by local placement tests for students who need further evaluation. This approach has potential for placements with limited use of resources, but little research has been conducted on its effectiveness. This study aimed to determine the extent to which appropriate cut scores for a standardized test (TOEFL iBT Speaking) could be used to identify students who would have a high likelihood of passing the local English Placement Test of Oral Communication (EPT OC), which was designed to determine the need for taking an oral communication course. Teacher judgments of 136 students placed in the oral communication class indicated that only five did not need it. A TOEFL iBT score of 22 was found to be a reasonable cut score for exemption from the oral communication class.
China's emerging businesses: The next generation of global corporations?
Authors: Atherton Andrew
Published: November 2020

A growing number of Chinese businesses that are not well known outside China are going global, taking market share from incumbents worldwide. These businesses sustain rapid to hyper‐growth over considerable periods, allowing them to scale up quickly. They have strong market share in the domestic Chinese market, which serves as a platform for internationalization. Their strategies for entering new markets derive from their domestic business models, which they have been able to adapt to conditions in other countries. These businesses represent a fast‐growing cohort of emerging global corporations that will be major international competitors in the near future. This article helps businesses and analysts to identify China's emerging businesses. It offers insight into their strategies for growth and emergence.
On Some Moves on Links and the Hopf Crossing Number
Authors: Mroczkowski Maciej
Published: November 2020

We consider arrow diagrams of links in $$S^3$$

S
3

and define k-moves on such diagrams, for any $$k\in \mathbb {N}$$

k
∈
N

. We study the equivalence classes of links in $$S^3$$

S
3

up to k-moves. For $$k=2$$

k
=
2

, we show that any two knots are equivalent, whereas it is not true for links. We show that the Jones polynomial at a k-th primitive root of unity is unchanged by a k-move, when k is odd. It is multiplied by $$-1$$

-
1

, when k is even. It follows that, for any $$k\ge 5$$

k
≥
5

, there are infinitely many classes of knots modulo k-moves. We use these results to study the Hopf crossing number. In particular, we show that it is unbounded for some families of knots. We also interpret k-moves as some identifications between links in different lens spaces $$L_{p,1}$$

L

p
,
1

.
A Unified Approach to Singularly Perturbed Quasilinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Cassani Daniele , Wang Youjun , Zhang Jianjun
Published: November 2020

In this paper we present a unified approach to investigate existence and concentration of positive solutions for the following class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations,$$-\varepsilon^2\Delta u+V(x)u\mp\varepsilon^{2+\gamma}u\Delta u^2=h(u),\ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^N, $$-ε2Δu+V(x)u∓ε2+γuΔu2=h(u),x∈RN,where$$N\geqslant3, \varepsilon > 0, V(x)$$N⩾3,ε>0,V(x)is a positive external potential,his a real function with subcritical or critical growth. The problem is quite sensitive to the sign changing of the quasilinear term as well as to the presence of the parameter$$\gamma>0$$γ>0. Nevertheless, by means of perturbation type techniques, we establish the existence of a positive solution$$u_{\varepsilon,\gamma}$$uε,γconcentrating, as$$\varepsilon\rightarrow 0$$ε→0, around minima points of the potential.
Versorgung von Parkinson-Patienten in Deutschland: Status quo und Perspektiven im Spiegel des digitalen Wandels
Authors: Eggers Carsten , Wellach Ingmar , Groppa Sergiu , Strothjohann Martin , Klucken Jochen
Published: November 2020

Die Parkinson-Krankheit als chronische neurodegenerative Erkrankung bedarf eines engen Zusammenspiels verschiedener Fachdisziplinen, um eine bestmögliche Lebensqualität der Patienten zu gewährleisten. Ein immer wieder identifiziertes Problem ist die insuffiziente Kommunikation zwischen den Protagonisten (z. B. „caregiver“, Ärzte und Therapeuten), insbesondere an den Sektorengrenzen. Die aktuellen Prozess- und Versorgungsketten der Parkinson-Krankheit bilden aber auch aufgrund struktureller Hürden bisher keine gelungene sektorenübergreifende Versorgung ab. Vor dem Hintergrund des neuen Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes (DVG) und den damit erstmalig rückfinanzierten, digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs) können sich nun erstmals innovative, digitale Versorgungs- und Kommunikationsstrukturen etablieren und haben das Potenzial, damit die Versorgung chronischer Erkrankungen, wie z. B. der Parkinson-Krankheit, umfassend zu verändern. Beispiele und Anwendungsszenarien werden in diesem Übersichtsartikel vorgestellt sowie kritisch diskutiert.
First-Order Shape Derivative of the Energy for Elastic Plates with Rigid Inclusions and Interfacial Cracks
Authors: Rudoy Evgeny , Shcherbakov Viktor
Published: November 2020

Within the framework of Kirchhoff–Love plate theory, we analyze a variational model for elastic plates with rigid inclusions and interfacial cracks. The main feature of the model is a fully coupled nonpenetration condition that involves both the normal component of the longitudinal displacements and the normal derivative of the transverse deflection of the crack faces. Without making any artificial assumptions on the crack geometry and shape variation, we prove that the first-order shape derivative of the potential deformation energy is well defined and provide an explicit representation for it. The result is applied to derive the Griffith formula for the energy release rate associated with crack extension.
Maladaptive Schemata und berufliche Gratifikationskrisen bei ÄrztInnen und PsychotherapeutInnen
Authors: Kempf Maximilian , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Jarczok Marc N. , Beschoner Petra
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund

Laut Studienlage leiden ÄrztInnen häufig an Arbeitsstress und Burn-out. Gründe dafür liegen v. a. in den Arbeitsbedingungen. Daneben spielen „intrinsische“ Faktoren eine Rolle. Frühe maladaptive Schemata (MS) können als Marker für intrinsische Belastungen dienen. Ein Schema umfasst dauerhafte, ungünstige Muster von Gefühlen, Gedanken und Erinnerungen, die das Verhalten in einer konkreten Situation steuern. Der Beitrag soll eine systematische Übersicht über die internationale Studienlage zu Gratifikationskrisen und MS bei ÄrztInnen/PsychotherapeutInnen (PT) geben.

Material und Methoden

Systematische Literaturrecherche von 2000 bis 2020 in PubMed, Psyndex und Google Scholar. Eine Registrierung erfolgte bei OSF-Registries (osf.io/jxhga/). Suchbegriffe waren: „schema“, „maladaptive schema“, kombiniert mit „physician“, „psychiatrist“, „psychotherapist“, „psychologist“, als weitere Suche verknüpft mit „effort reward (imbalance)“ bzw. „effort-reward (imbalance)“.

Ergebnisse

In der ersten Suche wurden 906 Publikationen, in der zweiten 1088 Veröffentlichungen gefunden. Durch Filtern von Duplikaten, Screening von Abstracts und Inhalten dezimierte sich die Zahl auf 2 Publikationen. Mithilfe vor- und rückwärts gerichteter Suche wurden 5 weitere Arbeiten und damit insgesamt 7 relevante Publikationen identifiziert.

Schlussfolgerung

Bislang gibt es wenige Untersuchungen, die sich mit MS im Zusammenhang mit beruflichem Stress und mentaler Gesundheit bei ÄrztInnen/PT beschäftigen. Insbesondere das vielschichtige Konzept der Schemata erscheint aussagekräftiger als eher eindimensionale Persönlichkeitszüge. Intrinsische Faktoren haben eine große Bedeutung, wenn es um die Entwicklung von Präventions- und Hilfsmaßnahmen für belastete ÄrztInnen/PT geht.
Laparoscopic surgery for splenic injuries in the era of non-operative management: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Romeo Luigi , Bagolini Francesco , Ferro Silvia , Chiozza Matteo , Marino Serafino , Resta Giuseppe , Anania Gabriele
Published: November 2020

The spleen is one of the organs most commonly injured by blunt abdominal trauma. It plays an important role in immune response to infections, especially those sustained by encapsulated bacteria. Nonoperative management (NOM), comprising clinical and radiological observation with or without angioembolization, is the treatment of choice for traumatic splenic injury in patients who are hemodynamically stable. However, this strategy carries a risk of failure, especially for high-grade injuries. No clear predictors of failure have been identified, but minimally invasive surgery for splenic injury is gaining popularity. Laparoscopic surgery has been proposed as an alternative to open surgery for hemodynamically stable patients who require surgery, such as after failed NOM. We reviewed research articles on laparoscopic surgery for hemodynamically stable patients with splenic trauma to explore the current knowledge about this topic. After presenting an overview of the treatments for splenic trauma and the immunological function of the spleen, we try to identify the future indications for laparoscopic surgery in the era of NOM.
Assessment of oral health in older adults by non-dental professional caregivers—development and validation of a photograph-supported oral health–related section for the interRAI suite of instruments
Authors: Krausch-Hofmann Stefanie , Tran Trung Dung , Janssens Barbara , Declerck Dominique , Lesaffre Emmanuel , de Almeida Mello Johanna , Declercq Anja , De Lepeleire Jan , Duyck Joke
Published: November 2020

Objectives

An optimized oral health-related section and a video training were developed and validated for the interRAI suite of instruments. The latter is completed by professional non-dental caregivers and used in more than 40 countries to assess care needs of older adults.

Methods

The optimized oral health–related section (ohr-interRAI) consists of nine items and a video training that were developed in consecutive phases. To evaluate psychometric properties, a study was conducted in 260 long-term care residents. Each resident was assessed by a dentist and by four caregivers (two who received the video training, two who did not).

Results

Mean kappa values and percent agreement between caregivers and dentist ranged between κ = 0.60 (80.2%) for dry mouth and κ = 0.13 (54.0%) for oral hygiene. The highest inter-caregiver agreement was found for dry mouth with κ = 0.63 [95% CI: 0.56–0.70] (81.6%), while for the item palate/lips/cheeks only κ = 0.27 [95% CI: 0.18–0.36] (76.7%) was achieved. Intra-caregiver agreement ranged between κ = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.79–1.00] (96.4%) for dry mouth and κ = 0.45 [95% CI: 0.06-0.84] (82.8%) for gums. Logistic regression analysis showed only small differences between caregivers who watched the video training and those who did not.

Conclusions

Psychometric properties of the optimized ohr-interRAI section were improved compared to previous versions. Nevertheless, particularly the items based on inspection of the mouth require further refinement and caregiver training needs to be improved.

Clinical Relevance

Valid assessment of oral health by professional caregivers is essential due to the impaired accessibility of regular dental care for care-dependent older adults.
Targeting a coatomer protein complex-I gene via RNA interference results in effective lethality in the pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus
Authors: Willow Jonathan , Sulg Silva , Taning Clauvis Nji Tizi , Silva Ana Isabel , Christiaens Olivier , Kaasik Riina , Prentice Katterinne , Lövei Gabor L. , Smagghe Guy , Veromann Eve
Published: November 2020

The pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus is a serious pest of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in Europe. Management of this pest has grown difficult due to B. aeneus’s development of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, as well as the pressure to establish control strategies that minimise the impact on nontarget organisms. RNA interference represents a nucleotide sequence-based, and thus potentially species-specific, approach to agricultural pest control. The present study examined the efficacy of targeting the coatomer gene coatomer subunit alpha (αCOP), via both microinjection and dietary exposure to exogenous complementary dsRNA, on αCOP-silencing and subsequent mortality in B. aeneus. Beetles injected with dsRNA targeting αCOP (at 0.14 µg/mg) showed 88% and 100% mortality at 6 and 10 days post-injection, respectively; where by the same time after dietary exposure, 43%–89% mortality was observed in the 3 µg dsRNA/µL treatment, though the effect was concentration-dependent. Thus, the effect was significant for both delivery routes. In working towards RNA-based management of B. aeneus, future studies should include αCOP as a target of interest.