bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More on the Acceptability of Workplace Behaviors of a Dubious Ethical Nature
Authors: Mudrack Peter E. , Mason E. Sharon
Published: August 2011

Research on business ethics is often characterized by a lack of continuity in the measures used in empirical studies. In other words, many investigators develop unique measures rather than use existing ones, a process which has produced a series of measures about which relatively little is known. This paper further explores an existing measure of ten survey items assessing the perceived acceptability of workplace behaviors of a dubious ethical nature. Self-report surveys were administered to two diverse samples of North American respondents (total N = 308). The acceptability scale continued to display adequate α reliability. Respondents who regarded the questionable activities described in the survey items as relatively acceptable tended also to score Machiavellian, to display an “entitled” pattern of equity sensitivity, and to report the existence of relatively little ethical conflict. The paper concluded by affirming the relevance and utility of both the acceptability measure and the ethical conflict scale. Researchers may wish to consider using existing scales when appropriate rather than creating their own measures.
Work Stress and Health in a Sample of U.S. Police
Authors: Kirkcaldy Bruce , Cooper Cary L. , Ruffalo Paul
Published: August 2011

This study assessed responses to the Occupational Stress Indicator in the Naperville Police Department. This 40% sample of 49 police officers were compared against population norms for employed workers in a range of occupations. Although the police officers perceived less stress from “factors intrinsic to the job,” they expressed greater job-related pressure from “organisational structure and climate.” They also rated greater the competitiveness and assertiveness in their work behavior.
Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with Male Adolescent Offenders in Open Custody or on Probation: An Evaluation of Management of Anger
Authors: Valliant Paul M. , Jensen Brent , Raven-Brook Lynne
Published: August 2011

A 6-wk. cognitive behavioural program administered to 24 adolescent male offenders assigned to open custody and 5 to probation showed no mean differences on the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Significant correlations were found for the personality measures with pretreatment and posttreatment scores on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory.
Personality Differences According to Gender
Authors: Eysenck H. J. , Eysenck S. B. G. , Barrett P.
Published: August 2011

This study reports on the gender differences in the responses to 34 questions comprising the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, as recorded by 508 males and 873 females who constituted the American standardization group for the questionnaire. The mean difference on the resulting M-F scale is statistically significant, being 2.28 ± 0.30 for the British sample and 5.21 ± 0.26 for the American sample.
Awareness of Time in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Authors: Grewal Raji P.
Published: August 2011

A prospective study of 35 patients with moderate or mild dementia of the Alzheimer type was performed to assess and compare their awareness of time. A Mini-Mental Status Examination score was used to separate those 16 patients with mild dementia (range, 15 to 24) from those 19 with moderate dementia (range, 7 to 15). Each patient was scored on awareness of time. Those classified as moderate but not those with mild dementia showed significant loss of awareness of time.
The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Self-Reported Illness in University Students
Authors: Engs Ruth C. , Aldo-Benson Marlene
Published: August 2011

Many reports over the years have indicated an association between alcohol consumption and infectious illness among chronic heavy drinkers; however, many patients in these studies have been chronically ill. Thus the question of whether alcohol can appreciably influence immunity in humans and affect the incidence of infectious diseases remains largely unanswered. For this study over 1,100 undergraduate students from a general education course at a large midwestern university were surveyed. Students were asked about their drinking habits and acute health problems. Analyses of their self-reports showed no increase in acute health problems or upper respiratory infections in students drinking between one and 21 drinks per week. However, students drinking 28 or more alcoholic drinks per week had significantly more health problems in the aggregate and those drinking more than 22 drinks per week had more upper respiratory infections than other students including nondrinkers. It was concluded that excessive alcohol intake increased the risk of respiratory infections and acute illnesses in these students, but more moderate alcohol consumption had little effect on the risk for these health problems.
An Evaluation of Teaching Techniques Used in Transkei, South Africa to Assess Competency in Primary Mathematics
Authors: Oliver John , Glencross Michael J.
Published: August 2011

To evaluate the suitability of the senior primary mathematics curriculum in Transkei, South Africa in enabling Standard 3 (Grade 5) and Standard 4 (Grade 6) pupils to achieve competency in mathematics, an overview of teaching techniques was obtained using participant observation and class teaching exercises. Analysis showed that teachers relied largely on closed-type teaching techniques and heavily on textbooks, while direct classroom observation indicated teachers' lack of ability to innovate and make teaching topical and dynamic. The pupils were generally unable to solve open-type questions, a situation attributed here to the teachers' rigid pattern of teaching.
Comparison of Scores on Regularly Scheduled Examinations and Makeup Examinations
Authors: Kahn Irwin
Published: August 2011

Two studies investigated students' performance on makeup examinations. In Study 1, 70 of 520 students used a comprehensive makeup, and in Study 2, 103 of 220 students used an hour makeup to replace missed regularly scheduled examinations. Students scored significantly higher on regularly scheduled than on either examination. Further, students who did not miss an examination earned higher total scores than students who did. Finally, more students took the hour makeup than comprehensive makeup examination. It is suggested that (a) these findings be included in instructors' manuals for introductory psychology textbooks, (b) instructors inform students about the makeup-examination scores at the beginning of a term, and (c) instructors use this information to decide on what format of makeup examination to use.
Negative Evaluations of Men's Nurturant Touching of Young Children
Authors: Rane Thomas R. , Draper Thomas W.
Published: August 2011

82 female and 65 male, mostly unmarried undergraduate students read one of 16 versions of a brief scenario depicting a man or woman either engaging or not engaging in nurturant touching of young children. Subjects then rated story characters on masculinity and goodness scales and on scales measuring likelihood of social acceptance and future instrumental achievement. Men and women who engaged in nurturant touching were rated low on masculinity and high on goodness and social acceptance. Men rated male characters lowest on goodness and women rated male characters highest on goodness. Women who engaged in nurturant touching were given the highest goodness and social acceptance ratings. It was concluded that some men may avoid engaging in nurturant touching of young children due to gender stereotyping.
Inpatient Treatment of Mood Disorders
Authors: Mendelberg Hava E.
Published: August 2011

The present work provides a short-term, intensive, and integrative model for the assessment and treatment of mood disorders within a hospital setting. This model was developed and implemented at the Milwaukee Psychiatric Hospital in a specific inpatient program, a 15-bed unit for patients suffering from dysthymia, cyclothymia, major depression, and bipolar disorders. This paper describes the program and its philosophy, the target population, and assessment and treatment interventions. The data collected included pre- and posttreatment measurements of psychopathology and cognitive and emotional functioning for 202 patients. Analysis shows the treatment program was effective as scores on measures of mood disorders and cognition were reduced from significantly high clinical levels to within normal limits. The findings suggest the benefits of using a short-term integrative model in the treatment of mood disorders.
Benefits of Promotion within a Professional Services Firm
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This study examined perceived benefits of promotion by employees in a single large professional services firm. Women and men ( N = 1608) completed questionnaires anonymously. Respondents indicated the three main benefits of promotion to the next higher organizational level from a list of eight. Few differences between women and men and between organizational levels were found. The most common benefits were increased salary, personal satisfaction, and more interesting work; working with more senior managers and partners and higher status were the least common benefits of promotion. Possible reasons for these ratings as well as implications for career-development management and organization are offered.
Convergent Validity of the Depression-Happiness Scale with Measures of Happiness and Satisfaction with Life
Authors: Lewis Christopher Alan , Joseph Stephen
Published: August 2011

The aim of the present paper was to investigate the internal reliability and convergent validity of the McGreal and Joseph (1993) Depression-Happiness Scale with measures of happiness and satisfaction with life. Subjects were 63 undergraduate students attending the University of Ulster. Internal reliability of the scale was .91, and higher scores on the scale were associated with scores on the other measures indicating greater happiness and satisfaction with life.
Childhood Abuse as a Factor in Attrition from Drug Rehabilitation
Authors: Palmer Jack A. , Palmer Linda K. , Williamson David , Michiels Krista , Thigpen Brian
Published: August 2011

The following factors were examined as possible influences on clients' attrition from inpatient and outpatient drug-rehabilitation programs: depression (Center of Epidemiological Studies–Depression test), attributional style (Attributional Style Questionnaire), primary drug of choice, family incidence of substance abuse, and history of childhood physical abuse. A step-wise regression analysis indicated that a history of childhood abuse was a statistically reliable predictor of program noncompletion for 92 substance abusers who entered a drug-rehabilitation program.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the MCMI-II
Authors: Munley Patrick H. , Bains Dharm S. , Bloem William D. , Busby Rebecca M. , Pendziszewski Steve
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the MCMI-II profile characteristics of 39 veterans diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Characteristics of the mean group profile were similar to prior findings reported in the literature on the MCMI and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with highest mean elevations found on the Avoidant, Passive-Aggressive, Schizoid, and Antisocial basic personality scales, the Borderline and Schizotypal pathological personality scales, and with elevations on the Anxiety, Dysthymia, Alcohol Dependence, Drug Dependence, and Major Depression clinical syndrome scales. A multivariate analysis of variance comparing the group with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with a non-PTSD comparison group of 39 on the basic personality, pathological personality, and the clinical syndrome scales of the MCMI-II was not statistically significant. Nonetheless, univariate analyses of variance comparing the two groups on the individual modifier scales and the individual personality and clinical syndrome scales of the MCMI-II using a Bonferroni adjusted probability indicated significant differences on the Desirability and Histrionic scales. Response-style bias as a possible factor in MCMI-II profiles for the group with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is also discussed.
Past and Current Drug Use among Canadian Correctional Officers
Authors: Svenson Lawrence W. , Jarvis George K. , Campbell Robert L. , Holden Roger W. , Backs Barbara J. , Lagace David R.
Published: August 2011

Current and past drug use was assessed in a sample of 77 Canadian correctional officers working in two medium-security penitentiaries. 58% of correctional officers indicated past illicit drug use. This compares with 20% of Canadians who indicate illicit drug use. Correctional officers were more likely than the general population to have used marijuana and cocaine.
Computer Animation in Mock Juries' Decision Making
Authors: Houston John M. , Joiner Cynthia L. , Uddo Francis , Harper Christina , Stroll Alison
Published: August 2011

This experiment examined the effect of different presentation modes of demonstrative evidence on mock jurors' perceptions of defendants' responsibility for a fatal accident. The experiment involved opening arguments of a mock civil lawsuit based on facts derived from an actual commercial jet crash. 72 adult students formed mock juries and were presented demonstrative evidence in one of three modes: (1) a computer simulation of the accident, (2) an audiotape and written transcript of the cockpit voice recorder, or (3) an individual reading the transcript of the cockpit voice recorder. The juries' ratings of the responsibility of the airline flight crew were significantly lower in the computer-simulation condition. Surprisingly, no differences in recognition of accident information were found across the three conditions. The findings are discussed in terms of potential attribution bias and empathy caused by the pilot's-eye perspective used in the computer animation.
Task Involvement and Satisficing with Motivational Scales
Authors: Wicker Frank W. , Park Yehsoon , McCann Erin , Hamman Douglas
Published: August 2011

Three measures related to motivation to perform a rating task accurately were obtained from 49 students, who also performed goal-attribute ratings. Less motivated students surpassed more motivated ones on several indices of rating bias. Previous evidence for differential relationships among goal attributes was clearly replicated only with the ratings of more motivated subjects. These findings suggest that many respondents may strive for “satisfactory” rather than optimal goal ratings (“satisficing”), that this tendency is a strong potential source of error with such data, but that individual differences related to satisficing may be used to examine such effects and partially bracket them out. It is suggested that measures of subjects' motivation or other related personality characteristics be routinely gathered when multiple ratings from subjects are required.
Alcohol Consumption and Health: Synergistic Interaction with Personality
Authors: Grossarth-Maticek R. , Eysenck H. J. , Boyle G. J.
Published: August 2011

In this study, 6,386 males and 5,990 females, with a mean age of 55 years, constituting a random sample, were administered questionnaires by interviewers relating to amount of self-regulation and drinking status. They were then followed up over a 20-yr. period, and health status (living well, chronically ill, or deceased) was ascertained. It was hypothesized that the deleterious effect of alcohol would be worse for those low on self-regulation; that health status would be worse for those in whom drinking diminished self-regulation, as compared with those for whom drinking improved self-regulation; and that smoking would have greater effects in lowering health status in those in whom drinking diminished self-regulation than in those in whom drinking improved self-regulation. All predictions were borne out by the data at high statistical significance. The results confirmed findings from an earlier study to the effect that psychological factors like self-regulation powerfully influence the kind of effects drinking has with respect to health.
Dilemmas Associated with Rehousing Homeless People Who Have Companion Animals
Authors: Singer Randall S. , Hart Lynette A. , Zasloff R. Lee
Published: August 2011

66 individuals were given a questionnaire during their initial visit to a veterinary clinic for homeless pet owners. Among the 35 men and 31 women, 32 had been homeless for 6 mo. or less and were termed the acutely homeless subgroup, and 34 had been homeless multiple times or for more than 6 mo. and were termed the chronically homeless subgroup. In responding to the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale, both men and women participants had significantly higher mean scores on attachment to their pets than did the scale's standardization population. Participants did not differ from the normative sample of adults on the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Both men and women participants stated a preference for being rehoused. 93% of men and 96% of women said that housing would not be acceptable if pets were not allowed. 61% of the men and 33% of the women stated they would be willing to live anywhere pets were allowed except in a shelter Reluctance to live in a shelter was significantly greater among chronically homeless men than other subgroups, and they also had low desire to be rehoused. A majority of the participants had been refused housing because they had pets. Attempts to rehouse homeless individuals who have pets are likely to be unsuccessful unless accommodation for pets is included.
Social Desirability and the Learning Process Questionnaire: An Investigation with Students in India
Authors: Watkins David , Singh-Sengupta Sunita
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Learning Process Questionnaire and the Social Desirability Scale for 110 boys and 110 girls in high school were intercorrelated. For these Indian students correlations on social-desirability were higher for achieving motivation and on achieving and less superficial strategies.
Children's Self-Esteem and Their Parents' Education
Authors: Blackmon Tina C. , Durm Mark W.
Published: August 2011

A randomly selected sample of 51 high school students from 1000, 21 boys and 30 girls, completed Forms A and AD of the Culture-free Self-esteem Inventory and a data sheet giving grade, gender, and both parents' education. No significant correlation was found between parents' education and children's scores on self-esteem but a correlation was .70 between forms.
Socialization Forces and the Stability of Work Values from Late Adolescence to Early Adulthood
Authors: Cotton Lynyonne , Bynum Dana R. , Madhere Serge
Published: August 2011

The present report is of findings from a longitudinal study of work values. The findings relate to four important areas, (a) the significance of parental socialization in the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic work values, (b) the effect of early employment on intrinsic and extrinsic work values, respectively, (c) the differential effects of these social experiences across ethnic and gender groups, (d) and the stability of intrinsic and extrinsic work values from late adolescence to the early years of adulthood. In a sample of 3290 African American and Caucasian students, young people consistently placed greater emphasis on intrinsic than on extrinsic work values. There was a decline in extrinsic work values between adolescence and the early years of adulthood. When parents held high aspirations, their children placed greater emphasis on work orientations. Race had a more significant influence on work values than either socioeconomic status or employment experience.
On Clark-Watson's Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Bedford Alan
Published: August 2011

Clark and Watson's tripartite model of anxiety and depression symptoms is reinterpreted using their data. It is suggested that a parsimonious view of the factor loadings is a three-factor structure of “general psychological distress,” “high positive affect,” and “somatic anxiety.”
Personality Correlates of the Five-Factor Model for a Sample of Business Owners/Managers: Associations with Scores on Self-Monitoring, Type a Behavior, Locus of Control, and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Morrison Kimberley A.
Published: August 2011

Bivariate relationships were examined between scores on the Five-Factor Model of personality and four personality dimensions including Self-monitoring, Locus of Control, Type A Behavior, and Subjective Well-being Data were collected from 307 franchise business owner/managers from four different industries. Scores for Self-monitoring were positively related to those on Extraversion; Self-monitoring was the only personality measure significantly correlated with scores on Openness to Experience. Scores for Type A Behavior, measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey, were negatively correlated with Agreeableness and positively correlated with those for Extraversion. Somewhat surprisingly, the score for Type A Behavior had a relatively low correlation with the score for Conscientiousness. Scores for Subjective Well-being and Locus of Control were most strongly correlated with the positive pole of Neuroticism (Emotional Stability), Conscientiousness, and Extraversion. Possible explanations for the observed relationships are discussed.
Stressful Events and Salivary Cortisol
Authors: Canals Josepa , Colomina M. Teresa , Gallart Isabel , Domingo Jose. L.
Published: August 2011

No relationship of stressful events with salivary cortisol was found for 29 stressed women. An increased cortisol tendency in women suggests different responses by sex.
Preliminary Study of Death Anxiety of Believers versus Percipients of the Paranormal
Authors: Houran James
Published: August 2011

This research tested the hypotheses that belief in the paranormal is associated with a lessening of death anxiety and that direct experiences of the paranormal are stronger correlates with less fear than the stated belief. Contrary to predictions, scores on Templer's 1970 Death Anxiety Scale were not associated with scores on either Belief in the Paranormal or Paranormal Experiences, subscales of the Anomalous Experiences Inventory. Instead, significant sex differences were found on three out of the five subscales which indicate a need to clarify possible sex-specific variables in the perception and report of anomalous phenomena by 14 men and 19 women.
Scores on Locus of Control and Aggression for Drug Addicts, Users, and Controls
Authors: de Mojà Carmelo A.
Published: August 2011

This study assessed aggression and locus of control in 20 drug users, 20 addicts and 20 control subjects. The Rotter Locus of Control Scale and the Questionnaire for Measuring Spontaneous Aggression were administered to 60 men. In comparison with drug users and controls, the addicts obtained higher scores on External Locus of Control and Spontaneous Aggression, so addicts and drug users must be considered two distinct groups. Nevertheless, no statistically significant correlation between scores on these measures was found.
Trait Anxiety, Coping with Stress, and Norharman
Authors: Verheij René , Timmerman Leo , Passchier Jan , Fekkes Durk , Pepplinkhuizen Lolke
Published: August 2011

Plasma levels of the β-carboline norharman, concentration of platelet 5-HT, trait measures of anxiety, and measures of coping and defense mechanisms were compared for 15 patients with panic disorder and 24 healthy volunteers. Patients indicated that they made less use of the defense mechanism of principalization than control subjects. No other differences between patients and controls were significant. Platelet 5-HT concentration was positively correlated with the subjectively reported anxiety. Plasma norharman concentration was negatively correlated with the defense mechanisms of principalization and repression and positively correlated with coping strategies involving palliation. The positive correlations of norharman levels with projection and self-comforting fell short of significance and existed in the patient group only. No correlation was apparent between levels of plasma norharman and scores on anxiety. It was concluded that norharman is not a marker for panic disorder or trait anxiety, but that it might reflect intrapsychic and coping processes.
Comparing Rating Scales of Different Lengths: Equivalence of Scores from 5-Point and 7-Point Scales
Authors: Colman Andrew M. , Norris Claire E. , Preston Carolyn C.
Published: August 2011

Using a self-administered questionnaire, 227 respondents rated service elements associated with a restaurant, retail store, or public transport company on several 5-point and 7-point rating scales. Least-squares regression showed that linear equations for estimating 7-point from 5-point and 5-point from 7-point ratings explained over 85% of the variance and fitted the data almost as well as higher-order polynomials and power functions. In a cross-validation on a new data set the proportion of variance explained fell to about 76%. Functionally inverse versions of the derived linear equations were calculated for the convenience of researchers and psychometricians.
Parental Loss, Depression, and Suicidality
Authors: Rainieri Nancy , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 87 undergraduate students, disruption of the biological family in the first 18 years of life was not associated with depression or suicidality.
Social Support, Need for Support, and Anxiety among Women Graduate Students
Authors: Munir Shaheen S. , Jackson Dorothy W.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the role of social support and need for support on anxiety among 61 women, graduate students, by administering the Jackson Personality Inventory, the Personality Research Form, and the Social Support Network Inventory. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect for source of support on support received. Friends were cited most frequently and graduate advisers the least. Two-way analyses of variance showed significant main effects of need for support and support from adviser on anxiety scores. High scores on anxiety were a function of high need for support and, separately, of low social support. Results are discussed in terms of the need for longitudinal studies of the relationships between these variables to consider implications for adult development.
Alexithymia in a Clinical Sample of Obese Women
Authors: Morosin A. , Riva G.
Published: August 2011

The purpose was to examine the rate of alexithymia as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale in a clinical sample of obese women without Binge Eating Disorder. Subjects included 165 inpatients in an eating disorder unit and 135 normal-weight individuals (comparison group). The obese subjects also completed a series of tests including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, and the Eating Attitude Test. Analysis showed that the subgroups of obese persons differ in important ways and cannot necessarily be treated, studied, or understood through a single paradigm. Alexithymic behaviour, too, was not characteristic of obesity, but it was present only in the subgroup of subjects with psychopathological characteristics.
Sexual Stereotypes and Perceptions of Competence and Qualifications
Authors: Lee Jo Ann , Castella Dawn M. , McCluney Millard
Published: August 2011

This study investigated differences between men and women in their use of sexual stereotypes when evaluating recent hirees. Participants (33 Euro-American undergraduate women and 45 Euro-American undergraduate men) read a job announcement for Personnel Analyst and a completed employment application form (with a picture of the applicant attached). They then completed a questionnaire, indicating their perceptions of the applicant's competence, qualifications, and status on other job-related characteristics. The information on the application form was the same except for the race and sex of the hiree. Three of the five expected interactions were statistically significant. It appears that men may underestimate the qualifications of women and rate them lower than men on other job-related characteristics.
Discriminant Validity of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire
Authors: Cooke Donna K.
Published: August 2011

The 15-item Organizational Commitment Questionnaire's discriminant validity vis-à-vis a measure of withdrawal cognitions was estimated using LISREL. The data were provided by a sample of 176 air traffic controllers. The results of the analyses indicated that, although the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire's discriminant validity problems are not considerable, some of its items should be eliminated. Examination of the factor structure is encouraged.
Childhood Trauma and Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Ellason Joan W. , Ross Colin A.
Published: August 2011

144 psychiatric inpatients who reported childhood physical or sexual trauma were administered the Symptom Check List-90-Revised, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule. There was a significant association of reported childhood abuse with psychotic and other symptoms. The findings support the hypothesis that experience of trauma may precede psychiatric symptoms, perhaps including positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
School Psychologists' Knowledge of Children's Legal Rights
Authors: McLoughlin Caven S. , Lelless Daniel B.
Published: August 2011

School psychologists need a working knowledge of laws affecting children. This investigation was done to discover whether members of Ohio's school psychological association, including intern school psychologists who were functioning in a supervised capacity, are as knowledgeable about law as they need to be to avoid lawsuits. Participants completed a custom-designed questionnaire, Survey of Children's Legal Rights, including questions assessing knowledge of children's rights in relation to child abuse, suspension and expulsion, corporal punishment, rights in juvenile court, special education, freedom of religion and speech, search and seizure within school, divorce and child custody, school vandalism, and school attendance. Analysis indicated significant misconceptions about legal decisions; however, these school psychology practitioners have adequate legal knowledge about most of the surveyed themes excepting provisions for special education.
Age Change in Learning Ability of Japanese Monkeys (Macaca Fuscata) Measured by the Transfer Index
Authors: Kinoshita Masanari , Ohta Hirohiko , Matano Shozo
Published: August 2011

To examine the developmental change in learning 26 Japanese monkeys at five ages, 1, 2, 3, 5, and over 7 years old, were given two sorts of discrimination-reversal problems differing in prereversal acquisition, one at 67% and the other at 80%. Transfer Index was estimated. With a shift in acquisition from 67% to 80%, the Transfer Indexes were maintained in the 1-, 2-, and 3-yr. groups but declined in the 5-yr. and the adult groups. The results suggest some critical point in learning by Japanese monkeys.
Correlates of Baptist Church Membership in the States with Social Problems
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: August 2011

In the United States, the states having higher percentages of residents with Baptist Church affiliations tended to have higher homicide, divorce, and illegitimacy rates and lower percentages of high school graduates and voter participation.
Delays in Clearing the Self-Service Store Check-out Counter: An Informal Look
Authors: Trinkaus John , Divino Maria
Published: August 2011

Swiftness of service, one of the advantages which one normally associates with self-service stores, is something which may well be more fiction than fact. 328 observations at 3 large suburban hardware stores showed that about 4 out of 10 transactions at the checkout counter involved delaying problems which increased the 1 1/2- to 2 1/2-min. time required to clear the counter by an average of 2 min. Of the 143 delaying incidents noted, 118 (82%) were customer-driven, 14 (10%) store-driven, and 11 (8%) customer- or store-driven.
Factor Structure of Ellis' Irrational Beliefs in a Nonclinical College Population
Authors: Mahoney John M.
Published: August 2011

In a study of irrational beliefs among nonclinical populations, 54 male and 75 female college students completed the Irrational Beliefs Survey. Analysis suggests that the survey measures a coherent construct and that a simple summary score is adequate for most uses. Factor analysis disclosed a unidimensional monotonic dimension of irrationality in beliefs among nonclinical respondents. The findings contrast with the appearance of ambiguous clusters of irrational beliefs reported with an inpatient population. The existence of a single dimension of irrational belief is substantially supported.
The Prodigal Son: A Psychological Interpretation
Authors: Lawson Edwin D.
Published: August 2011

There are several traditional interpretations of the parable of the prodigal son. Another approach would be psychological, which is really a story of the ego-involvement of the father. The father's self-image was threatened when the son left but was restored on the return.
Temperament, Hostility, and Consequences of Alcohol Use
Authors: Butryn Matt F. , Zeichner Amos
Published: August 2011

Problems in temperament and hostility have been implicated in alcohol use disorders. This study investigated the relationships among temperament, hostility, and adverse consequences of alcohol consumption in a sample of 180 healthy young social drinkers. Rigid behavior pattern and antagonistic hostility were positively correlated with adverse consequence of drinking.
College Women Who Initiate Assaults on Their Male Partners and the Reasons Offered for Such Behavior
Authors: Fiebert Martin S. , Gonzalez Denise M.
Published: August 2011

Studies of spousal and dating violence indicate that women are as likely as men to assault their partners physically. This investigation examined the issue of the initiation of physical assaults by women on their male partners and the reasons offered for such behavior. Responses from 978 female college women indicate that, within a 5-yr. period, 29% ( n = 285) admitted to physical aggression against their male partners. Younger women in their 20's were significantly more likely to aggress physically than women who were 30 yr. and above. Women stated that they expressed aggression toward their male partners in part because they wished to engage their partner's attention, particularly emotionally. Also, assaultive women did not believe that their male victims would be seriously injured or would retaliate.
Predictor Variables of Clergy Pedophiles
Authors: Ruzicka Mary F.
Published: August 2011

File data on familial traits, past sexual experience as a victim, and other traits identified in the literature as leading toward pedophilia, were summarized for 10 convicted clergy pedophiles to construct a set of variables possibly useful for screening. Further research is underway to identify trauma in early life and those personality-related variables current studies indicate as relevant.
Sex Differences in Mathematics Achievement and Attitude toward Mathematics
Authors: Nyangeni Nosisa P. , Glencross Michael J.
Published: August 2011

In a study of sex differences in mathematics achievement and attitude toward mathematics, a sample of 278 Standard 10 (Grade 12) students (95 boys and 183 girls) from seven senior secondary schools in the Umtata district of Transkei, South Africa, wrote tests in algebra and geometry and completed an attitude questionnaire. Analysis showed no significant difference between the mean scores of boys and girls in algebra but a significant difference between scores in geometry, with the mean score of boys being greater than that of girls. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of boys and girls on the Attitude Toward Mathematics scale, although boys had a significantly more positive Attitude Toward Geometry than girls. Significant low correlations were found between scores on Attitudes Toward Mathematics and scores in mathematics and between scores on Attitudes Toward Geometry and scores in geometry.
The Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity: Intrinsic or Extrinsic Religiosity?
Authors: Joseph Stephen , Lewis Christopher Alan
Published: August 2011

The present study tested the convergent validity of the Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity with measures of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. For 154 undergraduate students scores on Francis' scale were significantly associated .40 with scores on Intrinsic religiosity but not with scores on Personally Oriented Extrinsic religiosity ( r = .11) or Socially Oriented Extrinsic religiosity ( r = .05). These data suggest that the Francis scale might be viewed as a measure of intrinsic but not extrinsic religiosity.
Use of Group Hypnosis to Improve College Students' Achievement
Authors: Schreiber Elliott H.
Published: August 2011

To examine whether group hypnosis would improve college students' achievement examination grades, including a midterm and final test of 30 educational psychology students who were hypnotized were compared with those of two control groups of 34 and 32 students. Analysis indicated for these intact classes the hypnotized group had a significantly higher mean score on final examination than those of the control groups, although differences in examination scores were nonsignificant at midterm. Suggestions for further research are made.
Selection Criteria for APA-Accredited Internships Stratified by Type of Site and Competitiveness
Authors: Lopez Shane J. , Oehlert Mary E. , Moberly Rebecca L.
Published: August 2011

As the internship marketplace becomes more competitive, doctoral students and faculty of professional psychology programs must become more knowledgeable of the selection criteria used by APA-accredited internship sites. Clinical experience was identified as one of the most important criteria used for selection by all respondents. However, criteria used by medical schools, university counseling centers, and Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, the three largest suppliers of internships, and by sites reporting low, medium, or high competitiveness appeared to vary as a function of the unique characteristics of the sites.
The Adult Personality of Childhood Incest Victims
Authors: Waldman Tracey L. , Silber David E. , Karp Stephen A. , Holmstrom Robert W.
Published: August 2011

This is a further report on a group of 30 incest survivors we wrote about in 1994. Here, we report on measures of personality derived from the Apperceptive Personality Test, which contains many variables similar to those on the one we reported in 1994. On both measures, incest survivors can be characterized as having more negative perceptions and self-descriptions than the comparison group.
Empathy and Reactive Depression
Authors: Gawronski Isabela , Privette Gayle
Published: August 2011

Empathy and reactive depression were investigated with 53 women, from 21 to 53 years of age, who worked or planned to work as nurses, counselors, or social workers. Empathy was measured using the Mehrabian and Epstein Questionnaire Measure of Empathic Tendency. The adapted Zung Self-rating Depression Scale was used to measure Depressive Symptomatology, and Paykel's Scale for Life Events was used to identify stressful events. A narrative questionnaire elicited additional information to assess stressful events and to screen clinically for endogenous depression. Reactive Depression scores were obtained using a best fit line to correct Depressive Symptomatology for severity of Life Events. A significant modest positive correlation of .39 was found between scores on Empathy and Reactive Depression.
Validation of the MCMI-III PTSD Scale among Combat Veterans
Authors: Hyer Lee , Boyd Stephanie , Stanger Ellen , Davis Harry , Walters Paul
Published: August 2011

The new MCMI-III Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) scale was validated on 104 combat veterans who were divided into two groups, PTSD Treatment Group and Non-PTSD Treatment Group. PTSD status was carefully determined by clinical interview and therapists' reports. The Combat Exposure Scale, the Mississippi Scale for Combat-related PTSD, and the Impact of Events Scale were also given. Analysis showed that the MCMI-III PTSD scale had a low internal consistency, but that it significantly differentiated the two groups and significantly correlated to those on other PTSD self-report scales. This scale appeared to be influenced by an acquiescent response style. Further validation studies are needed.
Depression and Anxiety in Young Children of Substance Abusers
Authors: Drucker Philip M. , Greco-Vigorito Carolyn , Coil Gregory , Moore-Russell Martha , Avaltroni Jeannine
Published: August 2011

144 5- to 13-yr.-old children of substance abusers, enrolled in an expressive arts therapy program, were tested for depression on the Children's Depression Inventory and for anxiety on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale prior to treatment. Total scores for anxiety were significantly higher for girls than for boys; however, total depression scores did not differ between boys and girls. Analysis of subscale scores on each of the tests indicated several sex differences. Age was positively correlated with certain symptoms of depression for boys but not for girls. Conversely, age was negatively correlated with certain symptoms of anxiety for boys but not for girls. When compared to known norms for these assessments, girls scored significantly higher on total Depression but not differently than normals on total Anxiety. Boys, however, scored significantly lower on total Anxiety but did not score differently than normals on total Depression. We interpreted these findings as indicating that young children of substance abusers may be at risk for certain symptoms of anxiety and depression following their parents' addiction. Also, these symptoms may be manifest differently by boys and girls of various ages.
Failure to Support a Test for Penis Envy
Authors: Skinner Nicholas F.
Published: August 2011

Johnson (1966) reported that significantly more women than men did not comply with the request to return their special machine-scoring pencils after completing a final examination in introductory psychology. In the present replication, Johnson's conclusion that keeping the pencils may be manifestation of penis envy was not supported.
Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Patients with Acute Coronary Heart Disease Classified on Bortner's Scale as Type a and Type B
Authors: Čatipović-Veselica Katija , Đurijanček Josip , Bračić-Kalan Marica , Amidžić Vjekoslav , Mrđenović Slobodan , Kozmar Damir , Burić Dinko , Čatipović Branimir
Published: August 2011

We investigated heart rate and heart-rate variability in 82 patients, 60 men and 22 women ( M = 54 yr, SD = 9) with acute coronary heart disease and scores on Bortner's scale at hospital admission and discharge. 48 patients were classified by their scores on Bortner's scale as Type A and 34 as Type B. Patients with acute coronary heart disease classified as Type A had a significantly lower mean heart rate than patients with acute coronary heart disease classified as Type B during the day at hospital admission and discharge and during the night at hospital discharge. Mean heart-rate variability was also significantly higher in the patients with acute coronary heart disease classified as Type A than in the patients with acute coronary heart disease classified as Type B during the day at hospital admission and discharge. The differences between two groups on the average heart rate and heart-rate variability were not significant during the night at hospital admission. In our study the patients with acute coronary heart disease classified by scores on Bortner's scale as Type A had higher vagal tone and more favorable sympathovagal balance than patients classified as Type B. This finding may have implications for the treatment of patients with acute coronary heart disease and may suggest some explanation about the protective effect of Type A behavior also.
Motivational and Behavioral Correlates of Life Satisfaction in an Elderly Sample
Authors: Jacob Matthew , Guarnaccia Vincent
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between self-reported life satisfaction of elderly persons and their motivation for competence as assessed on self-ratings and indirect measures of needs for achievement and affiliation. Behavioral data relating to frequency of engaging in mastery-type activities, social interactions and exercise were also gathered. This sample described themselves as content with their lives and healthy relative to normative levels. As predicted, there was a marked discrepancy between self-report and implicit measures of motivation, with self-reported motives being significantly correlated with satisfaction (i e, r = .33 for Achievement and r = .30 for Affiliation) and implicit motives not significantly correlated with satisfaction. Needs for achievement and affiliation on the whole did not significantly correlate with actual life circumstances. The results suggest that competence motivation may play a small part in the contentment which older individuals feel in their lives.
An Interim Report on the Development of the Psychological Trauma and Resources Scales
Authors: Holmes George R. , Forand Angela Q. , Myers Derosset , Leonhardt Tami V. , Caesar Robert , Cuccaro Michael L. , Hood Melissa , Stader Sandra R. , McNulty George F.
Published: August 2011

The William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute Psychological Trauma and Psychological Resources Scales is a preliminary measure for the assessment of psychological trauma and psychological health from a developmental perspective. This three-part article (1) discusses the various rationales leading to the development of the scales, (2) provides a factor-analysis of responses of 336 college students, and (3) addresses current ( N=37) and planned efforts to establish reliability and validity of a more refined version.
Impression Management and the Neo Five-Factor Inventory: Cause for Concern?
Authors: Bradshaw Scott D.
Published: August 2011

Two studies examined whether NEO Five-Factor Inventory profiles might be biased by management of impression. In the studies, participants (83 women and 43 women, 14 men) completed a measure of the five factors of personality under complete anonymity and then completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory under either complete anonymity or under conditions intended to motivate impression management. No effects were found in Study 1, but slight effects were found in Study 2. Findings suggest conditions which create a strong motivation for impression management could slightly bias the profiles; however, this bias had little effect on the over-all profiles.
Psychology of Computer Use: XLVII. Parameters of Internet Use, Abuse and Addiction: The First 90 Days of the Internet Usage Survey
Authors: Brenner Viktor
Published: August 2011

While the addictive potential of Internet usage is a topic that has attracted a great deal of attention, as yet little research has addressed this topic. Preliminary data from the Internet Usage Survey shows that most of the 563 users reported instances of Internet use interfering with other aspects of their lives, most commonly problems with managing time. A subgroup of users endorsed multiple usage-related problems, including several similar to those found in addictions. Younger users tended to have experienced more problems.
Management Education in Central and Eastern Europe: Opportunities for Research and Development
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Macdermid Graeme
Published: August 2011

A revolution is taking place in management and management education in central and eastern Europe as the countries move from command and control, centrally based economies to market economics. This paper reviews efforts being made for change in these countries, development of initiatives by Western countries to assist this transformation, and research opportunities to support these educational efforts.