bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy and cannabidiol - a new perspective for seizures treatment
Authors: Kozioł Ilona , Budzyńska Julia , Leśniewska Magdalena , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the number of antiepileptic drugs is constantly increasing, epilepsy can still be a therapeutic challenge. Approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy have persistent seizures refractory to treatment. The limited number of effective alternatives motivates researchers to seek new solutions. There is some hope for cannabidiol (CBD) preparations.AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to review the most recent available literature on the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children and adults. For this purpose, the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. The phrase "cannabidiol and epilepsy"  was used to search the database. After Screening titles and abstracts a total of 19 papers and articles cited in them were received and analyzed in detail. RESULTS:  Nowadays there are many CBD related products available in the market, Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are the plants used due to their strong therapeutic effects and also seizure control. Regulations regarding the use of raw marijuana, cannabis extracts, and cannabinoid-based drugs vary from place to place. Many studies have been generated on the efficacy of cannabinoid therapy in the treatment of epilepsy. This therapy in patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gaust syndrome results in a reduction in the frequency of motor and total seizures. The most commonly reported side effects of CBD are drowsiness, seizures and diarrhea, but the therapy is generally well tolerated.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Many available studies support the efficacy of CBD as a treatment option to reduce seizure frequency in children with drug-resistant epilepsy, particularly in patients with Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. However, there is a lack of reports on the use of CBD in the adult population, which may be an area for further research.
Burnout in COVID-19 era - a literature review
Authors: Leśniewska Magdalena , Kozioł Ilona , Budzyńska Julia , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND:  The COVID-19 pandemic brought changes to daily life of many people. One of those affected by the global pandemic arena was work life. One of the results is burnout due to new challenges and stress associated with them. The most exposed occupational group were healthcare workers as the frontline in the fight against the virus, but not only this group could experience burnout due to the pandemic. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to review the most recent available literature on burnout associated with COVID-19. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. The Phrase "burnout and covid" was used to search the database. Search criteria were: all open access, 2020 and 2021, psychology and English. After Screening titles and abstracts 21 articles were analyzed in detail.RESULTS:  Many studies have shown that healthcare workers experienced burnout. The most vulnerable group were young, female nurses working with COVID-19 patients.  Burnout was also observed among parents, who started working remotely from home or who had to commute to their workplace despite the pandemic. Remote schooling also contributed to burnout among students and teachers.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the possibility of experiencing burnout there are several actions that could be taken. First of all a positive attitude and task oriented actions are helpful in coping in new, stressful situations. Other solutions are social support and psychotherapy.
Preeclampsia – long-term effects on mother and child
Authors: Wieteska Małgorzata , Maj Dominik , Gorecka Adrianna , Zaremba Bartłomiej
Published: September 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication that affects 5% to 8% of all pregnancies. It is a leading cause of maternal mortality that contributes annually more than 60,000 maternal deaths all over the world. Data submitted so far by clinicians are still insufficient to completely understand the disease. Despite many researches, the prediction of patients suffering from PE remains difficult. Moreover therapeutic methods are also limited and concentrated on symptomatic treatment and early termination of pregnancy. The  aim  of  the  presented  article  is  to  review  current research on the PE and its long-term effects on mother and child. PE is defined as a hypertension developing after 20 weeks of gestation with at least one of the following symptoms: proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction or foetal growth restriction. Because initially patients may be completely asymptomatic, the diagnosis is usually difficult. Untreated PE may lead to the death of both mother and neonate. In later life it predisposes woman and child to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Maternal consequences are related to increased risk of hypertension, stroke, thrombosis or chronic kidney disease, whilst offspring implications are directly correlated with hypertension, increased body mass index, hormonal changes and reductions in cognitive functions. In the future there is a need to develop more effective diagnostic methods of PE. Comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology would allow to avoid many negative long-term effects and reduce its mortality rate.
A quality of life for patients with diabetes
Authors: Więsyk Piotr , Krasa Aleksandra , Słaboń Małgorzata , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by a chronic state of hyperglycemia, which results from a defect in the function or secretion of endogenous insulin. It is a disease that leads to serious complications such as blindness, lower limb amputation, ischemic heart disease or ischemic strokes. Description of the state of knowledge: The World Health Organization has identified diabetes mellitus as a global epidemic. Between 1980 and 2014, the number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million to over 422. Between 2000 and 2016, more than 7 million deaths from diabetes were reported in 108 countries, but this is an under-number due to the fact that many patients are not diagnosed with diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in recent years is also higher in low and middle income (LMIC) countries than in high income (HIC) countries. DM also places a significant financial burden on the healthcare budget. Despite relatively large investments in medical care, clinical trials and public health interventions do not reduce the rate of increase in incidence. In the United States, annual healthcare expenditure for people with diabetes is 2.3 times greater than for people without diabetes.Summary: It is well known that diabetes significantly reduces patients' quality of life. It is influenced by both severe complications related to DM and adherence to strict medical recommendations. The low quality of life of diabetic patients contributes to depression, which is associated with not compliance with medical recommendations and increased mortality.
Caffeine in Pain Perception and Management
Authors: Piekarska Ewa , Pawlicki Mateusz , Łopuszyńska Anna , Kozioł Magdalena , Krasa Aleksandra , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Caffeine is considered to be one of the most frequently used pharmacologically active substances in the world. Caffeine is a psychoactive and central nervous system stimuli that has the ability to increase energy, decrease fatigue, promote alertness and wakefulness. Potential role of caffeine's nociceptive properties shows that it may play a relevant role in pain modulation. Although caffeine at dietary levels is not a sufficient analgesic in its own, it has been included in many over-the-counter and prescription drugs. This review addresses caffeine's analgesic properties in pain management.  Results: Caffeine shows relevant role in pain modulation through blocking adenosine receptors which are involved in nociception. Studies show that habitual dietary caffeine consumption results in decreased pain sensitivity.As an adjuvant to commonly used analgesics, caffeine provides an important increase in pain relief in various types of pain such as postoperative dental pain, headaches, or fibromyalgia.Conclusions: In conclusion, caffeine is associated with decreased pain sensitivity. Addition of caffeine to analgesics has resulted in their enhanced analgesic efficacy in pain treatment.
Disorders of the statics of the body and the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Odzimek Martyna , Maj-Gnat Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION The temporomandibular joint is a synovial, complex (hinge-sliding) joint that connects the temporal bone with the mandible by means of an articular disc. Temporomandibular joint dysfunctions most often concern several disease entities and include various symptoms and ailments. One of the first symptoms of the disease is pain that stems from a muscle or joint. In addition, we can observe: limitations in the mobility and range of movement of the jaw, problems with chewing food, crackles in the joint, pain in pressure and touch of the muscles, earaches and noise or changes in the appearance of the face (the so-called "square face"). Any deviation from the correct body posture is called a posture defect. OBJECTIVE The main aim of the study is to present the significant relationship between disturbed statics of the body and the temporomandibular joint, thanks to which we can explain the importance of proper planning of diagnostics as well as conducting dental and physiotherapeutic therapy. THE WEIGHT OF THE BODCIES The materials used to write the article include scientific works from 1992-2021. The data was collected using the PubMed search engine and manual filtering. 80 publications were qualified for the analysis. SUMMARY According to the analyzed literature, we believe that there is a relationship between disturbances in the body statics and the stomatognathic system. The complexity of the issue shows that it is important to conduct multi-directional and interdisciplinary therapy.
Dribbling skills training model in football games for elementary school age
Authors: Tarigan Herman , Cahyadi Ardian , Siswoyo Joan
Published: September 2021

The goal achieved from this research and development is to produce a model of soccer dribbling training models for the elementary school age group. This research and development is carried out to be able to obtain information about the development and application of the football dribbling training model for the elementary school level age group. and to find out the effectiveness of the model produced. This research uses Research & Development (R & D) method from Borg and Gall. The subjects in this study were students of SD Negeri 1 Metro Barat from 30 children. The stages in this study are: needs analysis, expert evaluation (initial product evaluation), small group trials, and large group trials (testing fields). Test the effectiveness of the model. With the success of the research proven by questionnaires submitted by experts at 80%, the dribbling training model deserves to be developed in accordance with the research study of the development model of Borg and Gall. Based on the results of the development it can be concluded that: (1) With the soccer dribbling training model for elementary school level children can be developed and applied in dribbling exercises on extracurricular and learning (2) With the soccer dribbling training model for elementary school level that has been developed, there is evidence of an increase of which there are significant differences between before and after getting the model treatment.
Is there a link between androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19?
Authors: Zaremba Bartłomiej , Gorecka Adrianna , Wieteska Małgorzata , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Stanicki Paweł
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: 20% of COVID-19 cases require hospitalization, with men most often being affected. Current studies indicate a relationship between the incidence and severity of the disease and androgens, including a worse prognosis in patients with androgenetic alopecia. The aim of the study is to analyze the available literature in the Pubmed and Google scholar database in order to find an answer to the question of whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19. State of knowledge: Male sex hormones, androgen receptors, the presence of substances inducing the development of the inflammatory process and genetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia. It has been noted that androgens are involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells and the reduction of the inflammatory response of the body that contribute to the development of the disease. On the one hand, patients hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have low levels of male sex hormones, and on the other hand, diseases associated with increased levels of androgens, such as androgenetic alopecia or prostate cancer, are associated with more frequent incidence.Summary: The relationship of androgens to the development of COVID-19 is not clear. Therefore, the relationship of this disease with androgenetic alopecia cannot be directly explained and there is a need for further research.
Delays in cancer diagnosis, with a focus on oral cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic - literature review
Authors: Nowińska Martyna , Dziekońska Justyna , Grabowy Paulina , Drożak Martyna , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Since the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) was classified as a pandemic infection on March 11, 2020, it has spread rapidly around the world. The total number of confirmed infections was 217,119,281 and the total deaths were 4,510,202 worldwide, as of August 31, 2021. The changes in life caused by these new threats also impacted patient care. Medics around the world have had to adapt to this new reality. There is a lot of research into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases, including cancer. The aim of the study: Paying attention to the causes of delays in the diagnosis of cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular emphasis on oral cancer.Material and method: The research was done using the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topics of: covid-19 pandemic; oral cancer; healthcare; cancer diagnosisDescription of the state of knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the entire health system around the world. According to various studies, there were fewer cancer diagnoses between 2020 and 2021. Studies have identified the causes of these delays, such as: overwork and fatigue of health care workers, limited access to doctors due to quarantine, patients' fear of being infected in a health care facility, and the lack of follow-up visits, including dental visits.Summary:Undoubtedly, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put the people with chronic illnesses and those who are immunocompromised at the most risk. Solutions such as telemedicine during lockdown may be helpful in caring for cancer patients, but cannot replace a comprehensive examination by a doctor, especially in the case of oral cancer. As a result of the diagnostic delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in the number of cancer deaths worldwide is expected.
Xerostomia among elderly patients – systematic review
Authors: Drożak Martyna , Drożak Paulina , Dziekońska Justyna , Nowińska Martyna , Grabowy Paulina
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Xerostomia is a salivary secretion malfunction that affects from 1 to 29% of the population. It is a common problem among elderly patients, however undeniably it still remains an underdiagnosed issue. Searching among available literature in the PubMed database with the following phrases: xerostomia; elderly, the aim of this article was to provide a broad review on the underdiagnosed problem which is xerostomia among elderly patients.

Description: A group at risk of developing xerostomia are people over 65 years old and women in the perimenopausal period. Although dry mouth varies in etiology, geriatric patients mostly develop xerostomia as a result of head and neck radiotherapy, Sjögren syndrome or medication treatment.  Untreated symptoms can lead to severe issues which heavily impact not only oral health of the patient, but also their everyday life quality, since xerostomia may lead into difficulty of speaking, swallowing and tasting. The plan of treatment is influenced by the etiology of the case, however it is aimed to stimulate salivary flow and eradicate the use of unnecessary medication which may cause dry mouth. Prevention of dry mouth is based on maintenance of good oral hygiene.

Conclusions: Diagnosing the problem early can prevent patients from suffering the consequences of chronic xerostomia, therefore awareness should be brought to this issue. Dentist could also highly improve the quality of xerostomic patient’s life, if the chosen treatment significantly improved patient’s symptoms.
The gut microbiota and mental health
Authors: Moqbil Sara , Niedobylski Sylwiusz , Laszczak Katarzyna , Warchoł Konrad , Mikos Eryk
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE

Recent studies have shown that changes in the microbiome, probiotic and antibiotic supplementation, can significantly modulate various forms of neuropsychiatric disorders - such as depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders. There is growing body of evidence pointing to a bidirectional correlation along the brain-gut microbiota line. This axis is connected through endocrine, immune and neuronal pathways. The nerves that make up the enteric nervous system transmit modifications occurring in the gastrointestinal tract and through the vagus nerve to the central nervous system (1). The main purpose of this review is to update recent information on the correlation between the gut microbiota and mental health.

 STATE OF KNOWLEDGE

Interactions between the gastrointestinal system and brain function have become an important field of psychiatric research in recent years. Probiotics are thought to be a potentially valuable player in the treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the role of specific gut microbiota species in the development of these disorders remains unclear.

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing knowledge of the correlation between gut microbiota and mental health may improve the quality of treatment for patients with neuropsychiatric conditions. Further research on larger groups is needed to assess whether probiotics can modify altered psychological well-being and be integrated into current, conventional treatments.
Public awareness of tropical diseases
Authors: Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Wójcik Anna , Białek Justyna , Krawiec Paulina , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Despite medical advances, the prevention and treatment of tropical diseases continue to be a current problem for communities.

Purpose: To present the public awareness of tropical diseases.

Material and method: The study was conducted by using an author's questionnaire. 158 questionnaires were collected and analysed.

Results: The study included women (55.7%) and men (44.3%) of varying ages, nearly half of whom were studying or are studying a medical profession. The analysis showed that 92.4% of the respondents were aware of the factors causing contagious and parasitic diseases. Only 5.0% of respondents expressed opposition to prevention when travelling to tropical countries. Every fourth person planning a trip would not go to a specialist on this issue. Nearly 90% of respondents wanted to be vaccinated before travelling. On the other hand, only 15.2% of respondents knew that malaria is not currently prevented by a vaccine, but by chemoprophylaxis. One in five respondents said there was no need for hygienic food consumption, while more than half (53.8%) had not heard of the rule "cook, steam, peel or forget". Among the most important preventive measures, respondents most often selected hand washing (50.6%), taking care of hygiene (20.2%) and immunization (17.8%).

Conclusions: Most of the respondents, especially those with medical education, demonstrated basic knowledge of tropical diseases. However, there is a great need for education, especially about visiting a doctor before travelling, types of prevention and methods of hygienic food consumption. The possibility of implementing programmes to supplement knowledge should be kept in mind.

Keywords: tropical diseases; contagious diseases; awareness; society.
Public awareness of contagious diseases
Authors: Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Restrictions against the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a decrease in other contagious diseases. However, their prevention and treatment are still a topical issue.

Purpose: To present the public awareness on infectious diseases taking into account the knowledge of people with medical education.

Material and method: The study was conducted by means of the author's questionnaire. 158 questionnaires were collected and analysed.

Results: Men and women of different age took part in the survey. Half of the respondents had medical education. The analysis showed that as many as 89.2% of the respondents were aware of the pathogenic factor of influenza, which is the virus. Only a small percentage of respondents had information regarding the number of influenza infections in Poland (10.8%) and worldwide (21.5%). Medics were aware of this in 10.0% and 28.8% respectively. Influenza was admitted by 81.0% of the respondents, while for other infectious disease (except COVID-19) the result was 75.3%. The respondents indicated as the most common route of transmission of infectious diseases the droplet route (66.5%), while fever was the typical symptom (81.0%). Washing hands turned out to be the most important prophylactic behaviour of respondents (50.6%) and especially of students (93.7%).

Conclusions: Awareness of infectious diseases among Poles is not at the highest level. Those with medical education have slightly higher knowledge, but it is necessary to introduce educational programmes and update knowledge.
Ocena kompetencji zawodowych lekarzy
Authors: Jańczyk Magdalena , Samek Ilona , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Wstęp: Kompetencje to połączenie wiedzy z konkretnego zakresu, umiejętności i postaw. Grupą zawodową najczęściej podlegającą ocenie w tej kwestii są lekarze. Pacjenci po wyjściu z gabinetu dokonują oceny kompetencji pracownika służby zdrowia w odniesieniu do własnych spostrzeżeń.

Cel pracy: Przedstawienie oceny kompetencji lekarzy przez społeczeństwo.

Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono za pomocą autorskiej ankiety. Zebrano 210 kwestionariuszy i poddano analizie.

Omówienie wyników: W badaniu wzięli udział mężczyźni (29%) oraz kobiety (71%). Analiza wykazała, że według ¼ respondentów, lekarze nie odznaczają się kompetentnością. Zaledwie 45,72% osób wskazało na pozytywne odczucia dotyczące wizyty lekarskiej. Ankietowani w podobny sposób opowiedzieli się w kwestii braku czasu odnośnie przeprowadzenia badania (48,10%). Prawie 40% z nich nie wykazała zaufania do systemu służby zdrowia w odróżnieniu do ufności wobec specjalisty, której nie przejawia 13% respondentów.

Wnioski: Dane sugerują, że lekarze w swojej pracy są dość dobrze oceniani przez pacjentów, szczególnie lekarze specjaliści. Istnieją jednak kontrowersje w kwestii sposobu realizacji świadczenia zdrowotnego.
ADHD in women - a review
Authors: Brzezińska Agnieszka , Borowiecka Monika , Zając Marlena , Warchoł Konrad , Michniak Wiktor
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for many years has been thought to occur mainly in the male population. However, recent studies and change in professionals' perception allowed us to understand that there are significant differences between predominant features related to the gender of the affected person, which changes our look at how the condition may exhibit in women. 

Current state of knowledge: In this review, we provide a general look at the disorder, its characteristics in the young and adult population, differences in symptoms and finally -  how it may prove difficult to diagnose this condition among women. Several factors that could contribute to development of ADHD were listed in literature, among them genetics, prenatal period, diet and parents’ emotional wellbeing. Concerning women, they are considered to internalize their psychological struggles, such as depression and stress more often than men, rendering them more susceptible toward suicidal behaviors and making diagnosis harder.

Conclusions: When it comes to diagnosis in women, the main difficulty is that the symptoms are presented in a different way compared to men suffering from the same disorder. Because of those reasons, it’s harder to make a proper diagnosis. Therefore, further studies, taking account of affected one’s gender needs to be conducted, while medical professionals have to be more cautious.
Situation of oncological patients during COVID-19 pandemic with particular emphasis on lung cancer patients
Authors: Pytka Michalina , Oszczędłowski Paweł , Nowaczek Justyna , Żywicka Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this study is to review literature about alterations to treatment regimens to lung cancer during COVID-19 pandemic accessible on PubMed platform. In pulmonary neoplasms, early diagnosis and treatment is a key to ensure patient safety. Burdening of healthcare systems during pandemic has resulted in many obstacles in oncologic treatment.

A brief description of the state of knowledge:  The lung cancer is the most frequent and the most deadly cancer in men and women. COVID-19 is a pulmonary infectious disease whose spread around the world has resulted in a pandemic. At the onset of the worldwide pandemic, many institutions, including healthcare facilities were closed, making it more difficult to provide oncological patients the treatment compliant with the standards. The anxiety of patients caused by the pandemic has caused delays in treatment that can cause progression of the disease. In patients with lung cancer mortality of COVID-19 was around 50%, which made their visits at hospital hazardous. Before the accessibility of anti-COVID-19 vaccines telemedical healthcare was one of the ways to provide healthcare to oncological patients.

Conclusions: Patients with lung cancer are one of the risk groups of COVID-19. Delays in their treatment caused by the pandemic are potentially dangerous and negatively affect the therapy. Telemedicine is a useful too provide medical care, but has its own limitations.
Urological complications after kidney transplant
Authors: Polski Paweł , Kusz Monika , Alzubedi Adam
Published: September 2021

Urological complications after kidney transplantation are common and can have a significant impact on the function of the transplant, survival and morbidity of the patient. This review looks at the incidence of urological complications, risk factors, diagnosis, and management options for the most common urological complications.
OCENA ZWINNOŚCI I PORUSZANIA WIELOKIERUNKOWEGO ZA POMOCĄ T AGILITY TEST U MŁODYCH ZAWODNIKÓW UPRAWIAJĄCYCH PIŁKĘ RĘCZNĄ
Authors: Woszczek Iwona , Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Antczak Krzysztof , Mińko Alicja
Published: September 2021

WSTĘP: T Agility Test jest jednym z testów, który ocenia poruszanie wielokierunkowe w połączeniu z szybkością wykonywanych ruchów. T test ocenia również stabilność dynamiczną zwaną inaczej zwinnością. Została ona określona jako zdolność do utrzymania kontrolowanej pozycji ciała i szybkiej zmiany kierunku ruchu bez utraty równowagi. Test  przydatny jest w sportach takich jak piłka ręczna czy koszykówka. W piłce ręcznej zawodnicy odnoszą wiele kontuzji, z czego najczęstsze powstają podczas treningów oraz meczów, gdy dochodzi do starcia z innymi zawodnikami. Najczęstsze kontuzje dotyczą stawów nadgarstkowych, skokowych, ramiennych i kolanowych.

CEL: 1. Porównanie stabilności dynamicznej u młodzieży trenującej piłkę ręczną.                2. Wpływ kontuzji na wynik T testu u piłkarzy ręcznych.  3. Przydatność T testu do oceny stabilności dynamicznej i poruszania  wielokierunkowego u sportowców.  

MATERIAŁ I METODY: 23 młodych zawodników piłki ręcznej zostało przebadanych testem T Agility oraz przeprowadzono kwestionariusz badań. Do przeprowadzenia testu potrzebne były przybory takie jak: pachołki, stoper oraz centymetr. Pachołki rozstawiono na kształt litery T. Zadaniem zawodnika było jak najszybsze pokonanie wyznaczonego dystansu.

WYNIKI: Średni czas T testu wyniósł 10,95 s Najszybszy zawodnik  osiągnął 9,15 s, a czas najgorszy to 12,11 s. Najwięcej zawodników (14) odniosło kontuzje w stawie skokowym. Częstymi kontuzjami okazały się skręcenie stawu, p=0,56 oraz zerwanie/naderwanie mięśnia/ścięgna ,(p=0,48). Najczęstsze kontuzje w stawie nadgarstkowym  dotyczyły złamania palców,  p=0,29 oraz wybicia palców p=0,14.

WNIOSKI: 1. T test przydaje się do oceny stabilności dynamicznej i poruszania wielokierunkowego sportowców. 2. Przebyte kontuzje nie mają znaczącego wpływu na wynik T testu. 3. T test jest przydatnym narzędziem w procesie treningowym.
PROGRAM KOMPLEKSOWEJ REHABILITACJI PO RESEKCJI MIĘSAKA KOSTNOPOCHODNEGO KOŚCI RAMIENNEJ I PORESEKCYJNEJ ENDOPROTEZOPLASTYCE MUTARS
Authors: Antas Paulina , Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Mińko Alicja , Antczak Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

Wstęp: Mięsaki kości są nowotworami złośliwymi o pochodzeniu mezenchymalnym, których występowanie jest zjawiskiem rzadkim. Najczęściej zdiagnozowanym pierwotnym nowotworem kości jest wrzecionowatokomórkowy mięsak kostnopochodny (osteosarcoma). Mięsaki kości w głównej mierze lokalizują się w kościach długich kończyn, najczęściej w kości udowej, piszczelowej oraz ramiennej. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie programu kompleksowej rehabilitacji po resekcji mięsaka kostnopochodnego kości ramiennej i poresekcyjnej endoprotezoplastyce Mutars.

Materiał i metody: Praca została napisana na podstawie historii choroby pacjentki leczonej w Klinice Ortopedii, Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.

Wyniki: Rehabilitacja szpitalna trwa zazwyczaj około 7 dni. Głównym jej celem jest możliwie szybki powrót pacjenta do optymalnego funkcjonowania i wykonywania czynności dnia codziennego. Rehabilitacja poszpitalna trwa znacznie dłużej niż rehabilitacja szpitalna i zależy od stanu pacjenta. Jej głównym celem jest odzyskanie przez pacjenta siły mięśniowej.

Wnioski: Rehabilitacja jest ważnym elementem postępowania leczniczego pacjentów onkologicznych. Wczesne zapoczątkowanie rehabilitacji przynosi wymierne korzyści w czasie trwania leczenia oraz powrotu chorego do zdrowia.

Słowa kluczowe: endoprotezoplastyka, mięsak kości, mięsak kościopochodny, rehabilitacja
Program kompleksowej rehabilitacji po poresekcyjnej alloplastyce kości promieniowej z rekonstrukcją stawu promieniowo-łokciowego i nadgarstka w wyniku leczenia guza olbrzymiokomórkowego
Authors: Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Domrzalski Dominik , Antczak Krzysztof , Mińko Alicja , Orłowska Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Wstęp: Nowotwory kości są stosunkowo rzadkie. Do najczęściej występujących mięsaków kości należą: mięsak kościopochodny (osteosarcoma  – 45%), mięsak Ewinga (18%), który częściej występuje u młodzieży oraz chrzęstniakomięsak (chondrosarcoma  – 15%), który częściej zdarza się osób dorosłych. Celem poniższej pracy było przybliżenie tematyki nowotworów jako jednego z problemów w dziedzinie ortopedii oraz przedstawienie programu rehabilitacji pacjenta po leczeniu guza olbrzymiokomórkowego.

Materiał i metody: Praca została napisana na podstawie historii choroby pacjenta leczonejgo w Klinice Ortopedii, Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.

Wyniki: Po operacji głównym celem rehabilitacji było zapobieganie zanikom mięśniowym oraz utrzymanie prawidłowego zakresu ruchomości w stawach. W tym celu wykorzystano początkowo ćwiczenia wspomagane, które następnie pacjent wykonywał sam jako ćwiczenia czynne. Do rehabilitacji pacjenta wykorzystano m.in. techniki PNF, osteopatii i terapii manualnej. W rehabilitacji poszpitalnej za główny cel obrano wzmacnianie siły mięśniowej.

Wnioski: Rehabilitacja jest nieodłącznym elementem postępowania leczniczego pacjentów onkologicznych. Wczesne zapoczątkowanie rehabilitacji przynosi wymierne korzyści w czasie trwania leczenia oraz powrotu chorego do zdrowia.
Man–a Human Person in the Context of the Theory of Efficient and Purposeful Causality. Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Chrost Sławomir
Published: September 2021

This article aims to justify the thesis about the need to develop transcendent, transcendental and teleological pedagogy in connection with the anthropological basis, which is the theory of the person and causality. A man–a person – is an ontically substantial individual being, demanding an external cause, which is the Pure Act of Existence–Transcendens–Absolute. The personalistic pedagogics and the pedagogy of the person are therefore inherently related to transcendence. If the subject and object of education is a human person, then transcendental pedagogy must be a sine qua non condition for practising personalistic pedagogics and pedagogy of the person. Personalistic pedagogics and the pedagogy of the person are also intrinsically related to teleology. Efficient cause is coupled with purposeful cause. If there is an action of the Absolute which results in the existence of a man, a human person, then the Absolute, as the fullness of good, is the ultimate goal-motive and final cause of the man–human person. The teleological aspect in personalistic pedagogy and the pedagogy of the person means a particular aim and meaning orientation; full realisation of potentialities and tasks dormant in a unique being–a human person. The goal is not to achieve perfection, but to direct to your original source – the Transcendent–the Absolute–God.
Metatarsalgia: anatomy, pathology and management
Authors: Cooke Robert , Manning Christopher , Palihawadana Dhanushka , Zubairy Aamir I , Khan Shah HM
Published: September 2021

Metatarsalgia is a common presentation, particularly in middle-aged women. This review discusses the anatomical basis and classifies the different pathologies into primary, secondary and iatrogenic. The key elements to differentiate the pathologies within each classification which could cause a patient to suffer with metatarsalgia are outlined. Further investigations are briefly covered, but a linked article discusses the investigations of metatarsalgia in more detail. The article gives an overview of metatarsalgia to help clinicians to investigate and manage these symptoms.
High performance plasmonically enhanced graphene photodetector for near-infrared wavelengths
Authors: Yousefi Somayeh , Pourmahyabadi Maryam , Rostami Ali
Published: September 2021

Graphene is a very attractive material for applications in optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors because of fast response and broadband absorption. However, the weak absorption of the graphene layer limits the performance of graphene-based photodetectors. To this end, a high responsivity graphene-based plasmonic photodetector, operating over a wide optical wavelength range, is presented. In order to enhance the light absorption efficiency and, consequently, to improve the responsivity of the photodetector, a graphene layer and a specific plasmonic nanostructure are combined. The numerical simulation results reveal that nearly perfect light absorption is achieved at the wavelength of 1550 nm for the proposed structure and also, this structure is polarization insensitive and enables perfect absorption for TE and TM polarizations at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The circuit model of the structure is presented based on transmission line theory whose results are in very good agreement with the numerical simulation results. Also, the high responsivity of 513 mA/W and the bandwidth of 47 GHz are achieved for this scheme.
Waveguide-based total internal reflection fluorescence microscope enabling cellular imaging under cryogenic conditions
Authors: Li Qingru , Hulleman Christiaan N. , Moerland Robert J. , Mailvaganam Elil , Ganapathy Srividya , Brinks Daan , Stallinga Sjoerd , Rieger Bernd
Published: September 2021

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an important imaging tool for the investigation of biological structures, especially the study on cellular events near the plasma membrane. Imaging at cryogenic temperatures not only enables observing structures in a near-native and fixed state but also suppresses irreversible photo-bleaching rates, resulting in increased photo-stability of fluorophores. Traditional TIRF microscopes produce an evanescent field based on high numerical aperture immersion objective lenses with high magnification, which results in a limited field of view and is incompatible with cryogenic conditions. Here, we present a waveguide-based TIRF microscope, which is able to generate a uniform evanescent field using high refractive index waveguides on photonic chips and to obtain cellular observation at cryogenic temperatures. Our method provides an inexpensive way to achieve total-internal-reflection fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions.
Rapid noise removal based dual adversarial network for the Brillouin optical time domain analyzer
Authors: Liu Jingyang , Wang Tao , Zhang Qian , Chen Huan , Zhang Jianzhong , Qiao Lijun , Gao Shaohua , Zhang Mingjiang
Published: September 2021

We propose a dual adversarial network (DANet) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Brillouin optical time domain analyzer. Rather than inferring the conditional posteriori distribution in the conventional maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework, DANet constructs a joint distribution from two different factorizations corresponding to the noise removal and generation tasks. This method utilizes all the information between the clean–noisy image pairs to preserve data completely without requiring traditional image priors and noise distribution assumptions. Additionally, the clean–noisy image pairs produced by the generator can expand the original dataset to retrain and enhance the denoising effect. The performance of DANet is verified using the simulated and experimental data. Without spatial resolution deterioration, an SNR improvement of 35.51 dB is observed in the simulation, and the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) uncertainty along the fiber is reduced by 3.56 MHz. Experiments yield a maximum SNR improvement of 19.08 dB, with the BFS uncertainty along the fiber reduced by 0.93 MHz. Significantly, DANet has a processing time of 1.26 s, which is considerably faster than conventional methods, demonstrating its potential for rapid noise removal tasks.
Evolution properties of partially coherent radially polarized Laguerre–Gaussian vortex beams in an anisotropic turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Zhao Liang , Xu Yonggen , Dan Youquan
Published: September 2021

Analytical formulas for the cross-spectral density matrix of a partially coherent radially polarized Laguerre–Gaussian vortex (PCRPLGV) beam in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence are derived based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. The evolution laws of statistical properties of a PCRPLGV beam in turbulence, such as the average intensity, degree of coherence (DOC) and degree of polarization (DOP), are investigated in detail. It is found that the atmospheric turbulence induces degeneration of the intensity distribution of a PCRPLGV beam on propagation, and some new properties, such as self-shaping and self-rotating, will appear on propagation due to vortex phase. In addition, in order to verify our theoretical results, we combined the complex screen method and multi-phase screens method to simulate the propagation of PCRPLGV beam in atmospheric turbulence. And the studies indicate that the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Our results will be useful in some potential applications, such lidar detection, remote sensing and free-space optical communications.
Control of Imbert-Fedorov shifts by the optical properties of rotating elliptical Gaussian vortex beams
Authors: Fan Guoqi , Deng Dongmei
Published: September 2021

Based on the angular spectrum of rotating elliptical Gaussian vortex beams (REGVBs), the Imbert Fedorov (IF) shift of REGVBs with the topological charge m = 1 is calculated analytically and numerically. The effects of the topological charge and the vortex position on the IF shift of REGVBs are discussed. By comparing the IF shifts of Gaussian beams, Airy beams with finite energy and REGVBs, we find that REGVBs have unique advantages in the control of the IF shift, that is, the IF shift of REGVBs is similar to the odd symmetry near the Brewster angle, and the rotation parameters can specially control the magnitude and the direction of the IF shift at the same time. Our discovery breaks the previous thinking barrier, that is, most of the control of the IF shift direction is based on materials, and provides a new perspective for controlling the IF shift based on the properties of beams.
Extended-aperture Hartmann wavefront sensor with raster scanning
Authors: Xu Hongfeng , Wu Jigang
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we propose an extended-aperture Hartmann wavefront sensor (HWFS) based on raster scanning. Unlike traditional HWFS, where there is a trade-off between the dynamic range and spatial resolution of wavefront measurement, our extended-aperture HWFS breaks the trade-off and thus could achieve a large dynamic range and high spatial resolution simultaneously. By applying a narrow-beam raster-scanning scheme, the detection aperture of our HWFS is extended to 40 × 40 mm2 without using the enlarging 4f relay system. The spatial resolution of our setup depends on the scanning step, the pinhole size, and the wavelength. The sensitivity and dynamic range can be adjusted flexibly by varying the axial distance between the pinhole plane and the imaging sensor plane, because our decoupled large dynamic range could be reasonable traded-off to achieve better sensitivity. Furthermore, compared with tradition HWFS, our method does not need to compute the positions of a two-dimensional spots array where complicated spots tracking algorithms are necessary to achieve high dynamic range, thus remarkably reduces the spots aliasing issue and the computational cost. It should be noted that this scheme is not only applicable for HWFS but also for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) with microlens array to achieve higher accuracy and better power efficiency. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the capability of our method.
Real-time capture of single particles in controlled flow by a rapidly generated foci array with adjustable intensity and pattern
Authors: Zhang Chenchu , Hanchang Ye , Wang Chaowei , Zhang Jingjing , Zhao Linhan , Zhang Heng , Zhu Wulin , Zhai Hua , Dong Wu , Sugioka Koji
Published: September 2021

We propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, technique to capture single particles in real-time in a microfluidic system with controlled flow using micro-pillar traps fabricated by one-step. The micro pillars are fabricated in parallel by femtosecond multi-foci laser beams, which are generated by multiplexing gratings. As the generation process does not need integration loops, the pattern and the intensity distribution of the foci array can be controlled in real-time by changing the parameters of gratings. The real-time control of the foci array enables rapidly fabricating microtraps in the microchannel with adjustment of the pillar spaces and patterns according to the sizes and shapes of target particles. This technology provides an important step towards using platforms based on single-particle analysis, and it paves the way for the development of innovative microfluidic devices for single-cell analysis.
Extraordinary transmission in an add–drop filter configuration driven by nonconservative coupling
Authors: Zhou Keya , Liu Qi , Lin Jie , Jin Peng , Yang Qingxin , Liu Shutian
Published: September 2021

We proposed a nonconservative coupling scheme based on the add–drop filter configuration, in which a high

Q

factor passive microtoroid resonator is indirectly driven by an active unit, thus providing an additional coupling which might be comparable to a mode decay rate. Extraordinary scattering points are predicted when one of the supermodes becomes lossless. Specifically, when the inherent coupling strength is set at half of the mode’s total decay rate, controllable transmission peaks can be realized by tuning the nonconservative coupling strength and phase delay. Our theoretic research might find potential application in tunable light steering based on non-Hermitian resonator systems.
Correction method for the influence of environmental factors on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Zhong Qixiu , Zhao Tianzhuo , Li Xin , Nie Shuzhen , Xiao Hong , Ma Yunfeng , Cheng Wang , Guo Guangyan , Fan Zhongwei
Published: September 2021

Environmental factors include sample temperature, ambient gas composition, and pressure, which have a significant impact on the accuracy and stability of the analysis results of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In this study, a method for simultaneously correcting the influence of several environmental factors is proposed. When the calibration and application environment are different, only one sample is needed to be measured in the application environment to correct the influence of environmental factors, so that the calibration model can obtain good analytical accuracy in this environment. When using one to four samples to correct the influence of environmental factors, the application of the calibration models constructed under solid-state conditions at atmosphere pressure to analyze seven elements in molten alloys in vacuum demonstrated the average root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.57%, 0.51%, 0.41%, and 0.30% respectively. The accuracy of using only one sample to correct the influence of environmental factors was much higher than using two samples to establish calibration models in the application environment. This proved the effectiveness of the developed method for reducing the difficulty and cost of calibration in the metallurgical processes.
Polarized spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Ca9Y(VO4)3(PO4)4 crystal
Authors: Rao Lincong , Chen Yujin , Huang Jianhua , Gong Xinghong , Lin Yanfu , Luo Zundu , Huang Yidong
Published: September 2021

An Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Ca9Y(VO4)3(PO4)4 crystal was grown by the Czochralski method and the polarized spectroscopic properties of the crystal were investigated at room temperature. The peak emission cross sections of the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ are 1.04 ×10−20 and 0.8 × 10−20 cm2 at 1533 nm for σ and π polarizations, respectively. The full width at half the maximum of the emission band around 1.55 µm is about 50 nm for π polarization. The fluorescence lifetimes of the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 multiplets of Er3+ in the crystal are 14.27 µs and 4.89 ms, respectively. The energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+ to Er3+ in the crystal was estimated to be about 69.3%.