bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Red Sea mangrove soils
Authors: Breavington Jessica , Steckbauer Alexandra , Fu Chuancheng , Ennasri Mongi , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Red Sea mangroves have a lower carbon burial rate than the global average, whereby small greenhouse gas fluxes may offset a large proportion of carbon burial. Monthly soil core sampling was conducted across 2 years at two sites within a central eastern Red Sea mangrove stand to examine carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes under dry and inundated conditions. Fluxes were highly variable, characterized by a prevalence of low emissions punctuated by bursts of high emissions. At the landward site, average ± SE (median) flux from the soil–air interface was 3111 ± 929 (811) µmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and​​​​​​​ 1.68 ± 0.63 (0.26) µmol CH4 m−2 d−1 under light conditions and 8657 ± 2269 (1615) µmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and 0.84 ± 0.79 (0.59) µmol CH4 m−2 d−1 under dark conditions. Average ± SE (median) sea–air fluxes were −55 ± 165 (−79) µmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and 0.12 ± 0.23 (0.08) µmol CH4 m−2 d−1 under light conditions and 27 ± 48 (53) µmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and 0.16 ± 0.13 (0.09) µmol CH4 m−2 d−1 in dark conditions. The seaward site recorded a higher CH4 flux, averaging 18.7 ± 8.18 (1.7) and 17.1 ± 4.55 (7.7) µmol CH4 m−2 d−1 in light and dark conditions. Mean fluxes offset 94.5 % of carbon burial, with a median of 4.9 % skewed by extreme variability. However, reported CO2 removal by total alkalinity emission from carbonate dissolution greatly exceeded both processes and drives the role of these ecosystems as intense CO2 sinks.
Comparison of shortwave radiation dynamics between boreal forest and open peatland pairs in southern and northern Finland
Authors: Peräkylä Otso , Rinne Erkka , Ezhova Ekaterina , Lintunen Anna , Lohila Annalea , Aalto Juho , Aurela Mika , Kolari Pasi , Kulmala Markku
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Snow cover plays a key role in determining the albedo and thus the shortwave radiation balance of a surface. The effect of snow on albedo is modulated by land use: tree canopies break the uniform snow layer and lower the albedo as compared to an open ground. This results in a higher fraction of shortwave radiation being absorbed in forests. At seasonally snow-covered high latitudes, this lowering of the albedo has been suggested to offset some or all of the climate cooling effect of the carbon stored by forests. We used long-term in situ measurements to study the albedo and shortwave radiation balance of two pairs of sites, each consisting of an open peatland and a forest. One pair is located in northern and one in southern Finland in the boreal zone. We found that both forest sites had a low, constant albedo during the snow-free period. In contrast, both peatland sites had a higher snow-free albedo, with a clear seasonal cycle. The albedo was found to depend on the diffuse fraction of the incoming radiation: during the snow-covered period, higher diffuse fraction was associated with lower albedo, while during the snow-free period it was associated with higher albedo. The thinning of the southern forest site, resulting in a significant reduction of the leaf area index, increased the albedo especially in the snow-covered period. During the snow-covered period, the peatland sites again had higher albedo than the forest sites. The transition between the high and low albedo upon snow accumulation and especially snowmelt was more abrupt at the peatland sites. In the northern pair, the forest site absorbed on average 0.47 GJ m−2 more (around 23 % more) energy from net shortwave radiation than the peatland site annually, whereas in the southern pair, the forest site absorbed on average 0.37 GJ m−2 more (around 14 % more) than the peatland site. The difference in the annual absorbed energy between the peatland site and the forest site was greater in the northern pair due to longer snow-cover duration. This was partially offset by the greater difference in snow-free albedos and higher solar radiation at the southern site pair. The annual difference in the absorbed shortwave radiation between the forest site and the peatland site varied considerably between the years (from 0.37 to 0.61 GJ m−2 for the northern pair and from 0.20 to 0.53 GJ m−2 for the southern pair). The annual variation was mainly controlled by the snow-cover duration in the spring at the peatland sites. These findings have implications for the future climate, as snow cover continues to evolve under global warming.
The geometry of sea-level change across a mid-Pliocene glacial cycle
Authors: King Meghan E. , Creveling Jessica R. , Mitrovica Jerry X.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Predictions of future sea-level change and ice-sheet stability rely on accurate reconstructions of sea levels for past warm intervals, such as the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP; 3.264–3.025 Ma). The magnitude of MPWP glacial cycles and the relative contribution of meltwater sources remain uncertain. We explore this issue by modeling processes of glacial isostatic adjustment for a wide range of possible MPWP ice-sheet melt zones, including North America, Greenland, Eurasia, and West Antarctica, as well as the Wilkes Basin, the Aurora Basin, and the embayment of Prydz Bay in East Antarctica. As a case study, we use a series of ice histories together with a suite of viscoelastic Earth models to predict global changes in sea level from the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2 glacial to the MIS KM3 interglacial. At the Whanganui Basin (New Zealand), a location with stratigraphic constraints on Pliocene glacial–interglacial sea-level amplitude, the calculated local-sea-level (LSL) rise is on average ∼ 15 % lower than the associated change in the global mean sea level (GMSL) in the ice-sheet scenarios explored here. In contrast, the calculated LSL rise over the deglaciation from MIS M2 to MIS KM3 at Enewetak Atoll is systematically larger than the GMSL change by 10 %. While no single LSL observation (field site) can provide a unique constraint on the sources of ice melt observed during this period, combinations of observations have the potential to yield a stronger constraint on GMSL change and to narrow the list of possible sources.
Shifts in northern Arizona plant and insect pollinator communities between 2 years with substantially different precipitation totals
Authors: Chesshire Paige R. , Holeski Liza M.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The structure of plant–pollinator mutualistic interactions is important for pollination network stability and robustness in the face of environmental change. Even slight changes in seasonal or annual precipitation patterns can disrupt the critical plant–pollinator mutualisms that comprise healthy pollination systems, primarily through changes in the availability of floral resources. Increased instances of drought across regions, especially in the southwestern United States, are a likely threat to plant and pollinator species richness, phenology, and mutualistic associations. In this paper, we evaluated temporal changes in plant–pollinator communities of the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona between 2 years with substantially different cumulative precipitation totals. Specifically, we evaluated how plant and pollinator species abundance, richness, mutualistic interactions, and degree of pollinator generalization differed between 2 years, which we refer to as the “wet year” (2017) and “dry year” (2018), and how these shifts may be further impacted at three different life zones (elevation zones). We determined that plant species richness decreased in the dry year across all life zones, and at the highest life zone, Spruce Fir, overall pollinator species generalization increased in the dry year, with a larger number of species considered to be “core generalists”. Additionally, the timing of plant and pollinator activity periods was less consistent in the dry year; there was delayed blooming for many floral resources until after monsoon rains began, and insect activity tended to start and continue later in the season for all life zones. A greater number of pollinator species considered to be core generalists in the dry year at this highest life zone despite fewer floral resources until later in the season may suggest some degree of plasticity when it comes to partner choice, which may be buffering this pollination system from community collapse when resources are scarce. With changing climate, including unpredictable precipitation worldwide, studies to uncover which pollinator species and plant–pollinator associations are most critical for community stability in drier conditions are important for informing conservation decisions on local scales.
The Use of Clay as A Binder in Briquetting Finely Dispersed Dust of Ferrosilicon Production
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», ERZHAN Aidana , KVON Svetlana ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», OKISHEV Konstantin ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, ISAGULOVA Diana ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», KOVALEVA Tatiana ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University»
Published: January 2025

The paper presents the results of studying the use of bentonite clay as part of a
complex binder for briquetting finely dispersed dust generated during the production of ferrosilicon.
Samples obtained with various compositions and compaction pressures were studied.
As a result of the study, it was determined that the use of bentonite clay as part of a complex
binder made it possible to obtain briquettes of increased strength. The most optimal for
briquetting is the following composition of the charge: finely dispersed dust of ferrosilicon
production – 85%, water – 5%, binder – 10%, of which liquid glass – 3-7%, bentonite clay
the rest. Briquette production modes were as follows: the drying temperature 40°C within 60
minutes, compaction pressure 50 kN. This method of producing briquettes makes it possible
to provide briquettes with the silicon content comparable to the content in the main products
and to obtain the technologically necessary strength of the briquette (about 38-40 MPa).
Formation of Nanodispersed Cuprous Sulfide Powder from Solutions Containing Copper and Sulfur Ions Under Electrolysis Conditions
Authors:   Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute, DOSPAYEV Murat , ISAGULOV Aristotel ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», KAKENOV Kairat ,   Karaganda University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, KULIKOV Vitalyi ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», YESSENBAYEVA Gulmira ,   Karaganda University of Kazpotrebsoyuz
Published: January 2025

In recent years, transition metal sulfides have been investigated as electrode materials
for supercapacitors. Due to their unique crystal structure, morphology and multiple
valence states, copper sulfides have high intrinsic electrical conductivity, which is an important
requirement for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors. The electrochemical
mechanism of nanodispersed copper (II) sulfide formation in sulfuric acid medium was studied
by voltammetry method. Under voltammetric conditions at a titanium electrode in the presence
of divalent copper ions and tetravalent sulfur, the cathodic processes are the reduction of
copper ions to the metallic state and sulfite ions to dispersed elemental sulfur. Freshly-formed
nanodispersed copper and colloidal sulfur particles chemically interact in the near-cathode
space to form univalent copper sulfide. Under galvanostatic conditions on an electrolyzer
with a titanium cathode and copper anode, the influence of current density, concentration of
electrolyte components on the current yield of nanodispersed univalent copper sulfide was
studied. Under optimal electrolysis conditions, the maximum current yield of copper sulfide
(II) is 69.86%. The particle size of the obtained copper (II) sulfide, determined using a Hitachi
TM-1000 transmission scanning electron microscope, is in the range of 86 nm.
Investigation into The Impact of Cutting Modes on Surface Roughness During Machining Gray Cast Iron on A CNC Lathe
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», BUZAUOVA Toty , BUSSURMANOVA Anara ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», YENGBEK Damir ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University»
Published: January 2025

The influence of cutting parameters and chip characteristics on surface roughness
during the machining of gray cast iron on a CNC lathe is considered. Experimental studies
were conducted, measuring surface roughness at various cutting speeds and depths. A portable
roughness tester, TR220, was used for surface roughness measurements. Based on the
obtained data, mathematical modeling was performed, revealing the relationship between
surface roughness and cutting parameters, as well as chip characteristics. Regression equations
were developed to establish the influence of individual factors on the final surface quality.
The adequacy of the planned experiment was confirmed by calculations (Fcalc. = 1.15 < Ftable
= 4.46), based on which a practical experiment was conducted. To obtain high-quality parts
during CNC machining, it is recommended to machine gray cast iron with a diameter of 38-36
mm under the following parameters: j = 2000 rpm, t = 1.5 mm. This work can be useful for
optimizing cutting parameters to improve the quality of machined gray cast iron parts.
CASE METHOD IN THE DIGITAL ERA: DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SKILLS
Authors:   K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Abil Akmaral , Muhambetzhanova Botagoz ,   K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aitmagambetova Snynar ,   K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University
Published: January 2025

In the context of digital transformation of educational processes, the case method is becoming especially relevant as a tool for developing professional skills. The purpose of the study is to study the features of using the case method in the digital era to train future teachers. The article provides an overview of the main trends and challenges associated with the influence of the digital age on professional skills. New skill requirements driven by rapidly advancing technologies, particularly digitalization and the integration of artificial intelligence, are also examined. Selected practical methods and approaches show the possibilities and benefits of using the case method in developing professional skills in the digital age. The results of the presented study include recommendations and practical advice on using the case method and other innovative approaches to develop professional skills in the digital era. It also highlights key aspects to consider when preparing cases, conducting training, and evaluating effectiveness. Thus, the case method combined with digitalization is an effective teaching method that allows students to develop the analytical, critical, social and leadership skills required for successful professional activity.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING TRENDS IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES IN GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Salimzhanov Nursultan , Aliaskarov Duman ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

The “innovative development” of cities has become a priority for the development of the digital economy in the world, which is widely reflected in the official documents of leading international organizations (UN, OECD, European Commission), as well as in scientific research by foreign scientists (Web of Science, Scopus).
The article analyzes the problems of teaching trends in innovative development of cities in geographical education.
Teaching the geography of cities is closely related to such disciplines as social and economic geography of the World, Economic Geography of Kazakhstan.
Therefore, the analysis of trends in the development of cities of the world and the country, the differentiation of the state of the process of urbanization and the inclusion of the main positions in the content of education are among the topical issues of geographical education. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly important to study the trends of innovative development of cities in Kazakhstan, which have become the largest production centers of the country, where the centers of education, culture, a set of natural resources and production facilities are concentrated, which served as the basis for writing our article.
Purpose of the article: theoretical justification of teaching trends in innovative development of Kazakhstan's cities and the development of its teaching methodology in geography.
The role and place of studying cities in geographical education has been determined. The study reviewed the theory of innovative urban development, analysis of experience and samples of innovative development of the city was carried out.
Based on the data obtained, the program of the elective course "geography of cities" for students of the 9th grade is compiled. The elective course, written on the example of Almaty, is planned to be conducted for 34 hours, 1 time per week. The content of the discipline consists of 5 blocks: the history of the city, natural conditions and resources, socio-cultural life, economic situation and directions of development of world cities.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOFT SKILLS OF STUDENTS DURING THE LEARNING PROCESS: PRACTICAL APPROACHES AND METHODS
Authors:   K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Suteyeva Mayra , Tileuzhanova Rugaida ,   K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Taimanova Zura ,   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University
Published: January 2025

The main goal of this article is to review practical approaches and methods that help develop soft skills in students during the learning process. The article will examine current trends in education and their influence on the development of soft skills in students. Additionally, various methods and technologies used to develop soft skills and their effectiveness in the context of student learning will be analyzed. Furthermore, the article will provide recommendations and practical advice for educators to help them develop soft skills in their students during the learning process. It should be noted that different countries have government programs that consider opportunities for developing soft skills. In 2020, Kazakhstan launched a National Platform for the Development of Soft Skills.
Methods and approaches for developing soft skills, such as practical assignments and projects, situation modeling, role-playing games, interactive training and seminars, mentoring and coaching, online courses and applications, and involvement in extracurricular activities, can be effectively used in teaching students of art and design. Overall, the study was conducted at the Department of "Artistic Labor and Design" of K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, where 117 students of creative specialties took part.
CУТНІСТНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СФЕРИ ГОСТИННОСТІ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТУ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: Нестерук А.А.
Published: January 2025

Наукова стаття присвячена дослідженню сутнісної характеристики сфери гостинності як об’єкту публічного управління. Під час дослідження проведено науково-теоретичне обґрунтування генезису сфери гостинності, систематизовано зарубіжні та вітчизняні авторські підходи до її тлумачення та опису її структурних складових. Акцентовано увагу на основних чинниках становлення та розвитку сфери гостинності, серед яких виокремлено: політичні, економічні, культурні, соціальні, історичні, природно-ресурсні та науково-технічні. Розглянуто предмет дослідження з точки зору певної управлінської системи, яка має свої ознаки політичного, правового, організаційно-управлінського, соціально-економічного, інформаційного, методологічного характеру та вимагає відповідного реагування на мінливе зовнішнє та внутрішнє середовище, що формує різні умови її функціонування. Обґрунтовано, що проблемні питання розвитку сфери гостинності можуть бути позитивно вирішені за рахунок ефективності публічного управління в контексті державного реформування, розробки програм та стратегій сталого соціально-економічного розвитку, а також визначення основних векторів піднесення сфери гостинності та індустрії туризму України, окреслення першочергових завдань задля зменшення наслідків кризи, спричиненої військовим станом, та розбудови багатостороннього партнерства на міжнародному, національному, регіональному та місцевому рівнях.
СОЦІАЛЬНА ПОЛІТИКА ТА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЙ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Райцев А.Ю.
Published: January 2025

У статті аналізується соціально-економічний зміст поняття соціального захисту громадян нашої країни, вивчено в наукових працях, законах та нормативних положеннях, такі поняття, як: соціальна держава, соціальні гарантії, соціальне забезпечення, сам соціальний захист, визначення яких було надано у навчальній та наукової літератури. Ключовим поняттям дослідження суспільства у разі виступає визначення «соціальне», отже сучасне громадянське суспільство передбачає для членів існування широкого кола демократичних свобод і прав. Отже, побудова державної політики як способу реалізації функцій соціальної держави не вичерпуються напрямками, що характеризують сферу соціального забезпечення не здатних до праці громадян.
Disparities in high-leverage mathematics course-taking in New Jersey, 2016–2020
Authors: Kim Elisabeth , Campbell Vandeen
Published: January 2025

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) study in secondary school can lead to rewarding post-secondary options. Increasing participation and access to STEM fields is a national priority in addition to reducing inequality in access. A basic point of entry to STEM, middle and secondary mathematics course enrollment has been a pothole in STEM pathways because of persistent disparities by racial, socioeconomic, language, and disability backgrounds. This article presents findings of a landscape study of mathematics course-taking in middle and secondary schools in the state of New Jersey between 2016 and 2020 using publicly available school-level data from the New Jersey Department of Education’s (NJDOE) School Performance Reports. Findings focus on rates of enrollment in the standard mathematics sequence – Algebra I, Geometry, and Algebra II – and high-leverage, advanced coursework – Pre-Calculus, Calculus, and Statistics – often favored in admission to selective post-secondary institutions and many mathematics-related majors. Disparities in enrollment in STEM courses have been along racial and economic lines so this study disaggregates trends by racial and socioeconomic composition of students in schools. Results are further broken down to show cross-sectional mathematics course-taking trends by grade level to depict students’ likely trajectory through secondary school. Findings also focus on mathematics course-taking in schools with varying proportions of English Learners (ELs) and students with disabilities (SWDs). Lastly, we feature schools with trends which are positive outliers from the average pattern. Overall, we find that students in segregated schools (90% + minority and/or 50% + economic disadvantage) do not have the same levels of enrollment in high-leverage coursework in mathematics as those in non-segregated schools. This disparity starts in 8th grade and worsens as students move to the later years of secondary school. We find some similar patterns for schools with the highest EL and SWD enrollments.
High stakes: a quantitative analysis of local cannabis policies and residential property sale prices in New Jersey
Authors: Hayes Michael S. , Kandel Prakash
Published: January 2025

It is still unclear if there is an overall net economic benefit following the enactment of recreational cannabis laws in the United States. Supporters anticipate social equity and economic gains, while opponents express concerns about public health and safety. Public policy researchers often gauge the overall impact of cannabis legalization by studying changes in property values, yet previous studies yield mixed results, possibly due to local contextual variations. This is the first study to focus on New Jersey’s cannabis legalization, where over 40% of municipalities opted to allow cannabis-related businesses starting in the fall of 2021. The research aims to answer two key research questions: factors influencing municipalities’ decisions to allow or ban cannabis businesses and the effect on residential home sale prices. Our study finds that more populated, less affluent, and more liberal municipalities are more likely to permit cannabis businesses. We also find that municipalities are more likely to permit these businesses if neighboring towns do the same. Using a differences-in-differences approach, the study finds a positive association between allowing cannabis businesses and home sale prices, with a 2.7% average increase, equivalent to a $10,343 rise for the average home sale price. The findings underscore the economic impact and social considerations surrounding cannabis legalization, offering valuable insights for policymakers.
Will Carrying Angle Have an Impact on Different Types of Obesity and Dominance? A Correlational Study
Authors: Mohanty Charchika , Desai Roopa
Published: January 2025

The carrying angle represents the angle developed when the forearm is fully extended and supinated in between lateral obliquity and the median axis of both the arms, and shoulder externally rotated. The carrying angle measurement is conducted on genders having android and gynoid obesity in the age category of 20–45 years. In this research we evaluated carrying angle and analyzed its prevalence in both genders with different types of obesity. A total of 100 obese participants, consisting 26 obese men and 74 obese women took part in the study. Simultaneously, their dominant and non-dominant hands were used to measure the carrying angle using a goniometer and body mass index was measured using a stadiometer, an electronic weight machine including a measuring tape for the waist to hip ratio. The statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 software. The average carrying angle in the right hand of an obese android is 19.87 ± 2.72, whereas that of a gynoid is 19.83 ± 2.41. The carrying angle of an android's left hand is 17.67 ± 2.67. on average, compared to 17.60 ± 2.50 are obese gynoid individuals. It has been discovered that gynoid obesity is more common in women than android obesity in men. The study concluded that increase in body mass index and waist hip ratio can affect the carrying angle in both male and female obese individuals, but gynoid and android obesity has no effect on the carrying angle. Hence, there is no significant correlation between carrying angle with android and gynoid obesity in both genders.

Key words: Android, Carrying Angle, Gynoid, Obesity, Waist to hip ratio
Assessment of Forward Head Posture in UG Physiotherapy Students Using Prescription Eyeglasses
Authors: Patil Shruti , Devare Phadke Shweta Satish , Pimpale Satish
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural deviation characterized by the anterior displacement of the head relative to the thorax. It is associated with various musculoskeletal disorders, including neck pain, headaches, and shoulder pain. While the role of prescription eyeglasses in FHP has been debated, this study aimed to investigate this association among undergraduate physiotherapy students.
METHODOLOGY: A sample of 235 undergraduate physiotherapy students, aged 17 to 25 from Lokmanya Tilak College of Physiotherapy Kharghar was enlisted for this study. To evaluate the impact of the intervention, two primary outcome measures were employed: a self-designed questionnaire to collect subjective data on posture and pain, and photogrammetric measurement of the cranio-vertebral angle using KINOVEA software to objectively assess postural alignment.
RESULT: The statistical analysis shows that there is no significant difference in the P value of Craniovertebral Angles of students with and without glasses.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study investigated the relationship between forward head posture (FHP) and prescription eyeglass use, focusing specifically on undergraduate physiotherapy students. In our total sample of 235 students, 44.6% of students had a forward head posture. Among the group of students who wear prescription glasses, 42.1 % had a forward head posture, and among the group of students who do not wear prescription eyeglasses, 46.5% of students had a forward head posture. Analysing data from 235 participants, including 107 eyeglass users, there was no statistically significant difference in Forward head Posture between Undergraduate Physiotherapy students wearing prescription eyeglasses and those not wearing them.

Key words: Forward Head Posture, Cervical, Kinovea, Prescription Eye-glasses, Physiotherapy Students, FHP, Posture, Neck
Current Health Problems and Health Related Behaviour of Nepalese Rural Senior Citizens:
A Community Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shila Mainali , Jayanti Semwal
Published: January 2025

Introduction/objective: An accelerated aging population is a global challenge. Both physiological and psychological problems may develop due to aging’s physiological process. The chronic non-communicable diseases are common among Nepalese senior people with the occurrence of multi-morbidity. Elderly health related behaviour is an important asset for promotion and maintenance of their health. The study’s objective was to identify current health problems and health related behaviour of the senior citizens in selected rural communities.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 Nepalese elderly aged 60 to 75 years in rural communities of Nuwakot district in 2021 using validated semi-structured questionnaire. By obtaining an informed consent, the data was collected using interview technique after multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data was analyzed descriptively by using 20.0 version of IBM SPSS.
Results: The socio-demographic findings showed that common age group of the senior was 60-64 years (45.8%), majority were female (59.1%), Brahmin ethnicity (48.3%) and illiterate (59.1%). Their commonest health problems were gastritis (45.0%), arthritis (34.1%), chronic pain/backache (31.6%), sleep problems (25.0%), asthma and hypertension (24.1%). Health related behaviour also seemed alarming i.e. no regular physical exercise (87.5%), inadequate daily water intake (2-4 glass by 48.3%), food (two times by 51.6%), no regular health check-up (92.5%), health screening test (95.8%), used self-medication without prescription by 51.6% and substance taking behaviour by 56.6% of the older people.
Conclusion: Senior citizens have multiple health problems, more physical than mental. They have poor and risky health related behaviour such as inadequate intake and careless in health check up and use of medicine and harmful substances. Hence, regular assessment and careful structured interventions are immediate need of the seniors.

Key words: Current health problems, Health related behaviour, Senior citizens, Rural community
Haemoglobin Levels: Impact on Follicular and Luteal Phases Among School Girls
Authors: Sadhu Aparna , Manna Dipsikha , Chatterjee Sarmishtha
Published: January 2025

Menstruation, the periodic monthly peeling of a women uterine lining, provides insight into women's overall health and wellbeing. The four stages of the menstrual cycle including menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase as well as several other physiological and biochemical processes can all be impacted by the alteration of hormones. Common menstrual troubles comprise heavy or painful periods, premenstrual syndrome, menorrhagia and anaemia. The appearance of menstrual anemia will impair the growth and development of adolescent girls, such as fall off concentration and learning ability, blight growth, ensuing in unsatisfactory height, diminished physical strength as well as pale skin. This study henceforth aimed to determine the variation in levels of haemoglobin (in the form of iron) during pre and post-menstruation among girl students of Lowa Dibakar Vidyamandir High School, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. The prevalence estimation of the iron status causing anemia is significantly higher in follicular phase (Hb: 10.80 gm/dL) than those of luteal phase (Hb: 11.98 gm/dL). When evaluating iron status in women of reproductive age, this cyclical transformation as the indicator could be a source of inaccuracy. The issue that affects females of reproductive age requires intervention and our report offers compelling evidence for this.

Key words: Haemoglobin, anemia, follicular-phase, luteal-phase, iron-deficiency, adolescent
Study of New Delhi Metallo Beta Lactamase and Oxacillinase beta Lactamase coexistence in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Obtained from Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Sharma Shubhangi , Sharma Anshu
Published: January 2025

Background: Carbapenem‑resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRkp) is of utmost clinical importance because they challenge the armamentarium of the treating clinicians, hampering current treatment strategies. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of oxacillinases β-lactamases (OXA-48) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)-producing CRKP isolates, the two most common carbapenemases reported from Worldwide including India, obtained from patients with bloodstream infections in an ICU in a tertiary care center in southern part of Rajasthan and to compare the different laboratory methods for their detection.
Materials and methods: Klebsiella pneumoniaeisolates obtained from the blood culture of patients admitted to various ICUs were subjected to screened for carbapenem resistant detection by Combined Disc Test and subsequently by real time multiplex polymerase chain reactions. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) were performed and clinical data were recorded.
Results: A total of 91 Klebsiella pneumoniaeisolates were obtained from the blood culture. 63 isolates were showing resistance for carbapenem(meropenem/imipenem/ertapenem) by Antibiotic susceptibility test on Mueller Hinton Agar. In Combined Disc test 40 isolates were found positive for class B group of carbapenemases. Among 63 carbapenem resistance isolates, 50(79%) were found positive rest 13(20%) reported as negative by real time Multiplex RTpcr. There were 23(36%) isolates showing with NDM and OXA β-Lactamases coexistence in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Statistically significant differences were found in the AST pattern between the isolates with two genes.
Conclusion: This study revealed the increase in trend of carbapenemase production and a high prevalence of coexistence of different carbapenemase gene that’s why Surveillance of carbapenemase genes in a hospital setting is essential.

Key words: Carbapenem‑resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRkp), oxacillinase β-lactamases (OXA-48) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), Combined Disc test, real time Multiplex RTPCR
Parasitic Contamination of Vegetables Consumed Raw in Parts of South East Nigeria: A Challenge to NTDs Elimination
Authors: S.E. Egbom, , R. Nwoko, , O.C. Ihejirika, , C.O. Ezenwaka, , M.C. Opara, , E.O. Anyanwu, , U.K. Ogwo, , G.C. Egwuogu,
Published: January 2025

Consumption of raw vegetables has been implicated in the transmission of parasites, hence mitigating efforts geared towards the control and elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). This study assessed the parasitic contamination of vegetables sold in open markets in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Garden egg leaf (Solanum macrocarpon), Okazi leaf (Gnetum africanum), and utazi (Gangronema latifolium) were purchased from nine vendors, three selected randomly from three different markets namely Afor Enyiogwugwu, Ihiagwa and Eke-Ukwu Owerre. Samples were processed using standard parasitological techniques and data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 54 vegetable samples were examined out of which 22 (40.7%) were contaminated with parasites. Three parasite species were identified. Gardia lamblia recorded the highest prevalence of 20.4% followed by Entamoeba histolytica (11.1%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (9.3%). Solanum macrocapon was the most contaminated vegetable (12, 66.6%) followed by Gangronema latifolium (6, 33.3%) and Gnetum africanum (4, 22.2%). Highest contamination of vegetables was recorded in Afor Enyiogwugwu (10, 55.5%). However, the results show no significant difference in the distribution of the parasites species across the sampled vegetables and markets (p>0.05). This study has shown that consuming raw vegetables is a potential source for the transmission of intestinal parasites in Owerri and this poses a significant challenge to NTDs control and elimination in the country. The status of WASH among households in the study area should be evaluated and improved to reduce environmental contamination with human wastes. Efforts should also be geared towards improving hygiene practices among consumers, vendors and farmers to reduce transmission of parasites through consumption of raw vegetables.

Key words: Intestinal Parasites, contamination, Vegetables, Markets, NTDs
Challenges and Barrier to Community Rehabilitation of patients after a long-term stay in a Psychiatric Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Verma Kushel , Chauhan Devika , Dogra Pramesh , Sharma Aditya
Published: January 2025

For patients suffering from mental illnesses, an access to mental health care facilities remains a challenge. But in today’s scenario, it has become even more difficult to de- institutionalize patients admitted in these health care facilities for a long period. The mental health care providers face multiple challenges in mobilizing the community to help rehabilitate these patients. Barriers in discharging these patients are very complex and involve many social factors. Patients who are suffering from mental illnesses are not given the needed care and do not get the opportunity to become the part of the ‘mainstream’ society. Now it’s high time that we address the impediments in rehabilitation of these patients. This requires a liaison between the medical sector and other sectors like the social and welfare sector.

Key words: patient with mental illness, Community rehabilitation, long-term stay of patients with mental illness, social welfare sector, state mental hospital.
Legal regulation of the statutory matrimonial regime in Russia and Bulgaria: a comparative legal aspect
Authors: Filippova T. A. , Titarenko E. P. , Korneeva A. V.
Published: January 2025

The subject of the study is the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bulgaria, in particular, the Family Codes of these states, devoted to the regulation of issues of the legal regime of the property of the spouses as well as the law enforcement practice.The objective is aimed at confirming the scientific hypothesis that the RF Family Code does not fully take into account the processes of globalization taking place in the modern world, changes in the economic sphere, the development of digital technologies. It is supposed to confirm the scientific hypothesis about the possibility of improving Russian family legislation, taking into account the experience and practice of foreign countries, primarily those having similar legal systems, common language groups, belonging to one world religion, having geographical proximity, social communities proximity as well as the ability to exchange information and orientation to the preservation of traditional family values.Research methods. The use of the method of comparative analysis made it possible to study the national legislation of Russia and Bulgaria and identify the general trends in its formation into the regime of joint property of the spouses. Main results. This study has allowed us to confirm the conclusion that there are unresolved issues in Russian legislation, gaps related to the legal regime of property of the spouses, which give rise to controversial practice. There is a need to establish new legislative rules in the RF Family Code that meet the development trends of modern society and take into account modern realities. The analysis of Bulgarian legislation and the practice of its application have shown that the legislation of Bulgaria contains a number of provisions, to a greater extent than the Russian one, that take into account the interests of the family, minor children, former spouses when establishing matrimonial property regimes.
Arctic states’ policy on climate change adaptation: examples of national adaptation plans
Authors: Zadorin M. Yu. , Gladun E. F.
Published: January 2025

The article touches upon the issues of the implementation of international standards in national climate strategies on the example of the Arctic states. The analysis showed that each Arctic country has its own specifics in adaptation activities, and key guidelines in the field of public administration can be identified for each jurisdiction: from expanding scientific research in the field of adaptation, to special issues related to arctic ecosystems, urban infrastructure and communities. Experience of different states gives multiple ideas on tools which can be used by domestic legislator and law enforcers. Thus, the subject of the study is the arctic states’ policies presented by national strategies, concepts and plans on climate change adaptation.The purpose of the article is the analysis of the current national climate change adaptation strategies, concepts and plans implemented by state authorities on national and regional (local) levels.The methodological basis. Particular attention was paid to the formal legal method, which was used by the authors of the study to analyze national legal “framework” on climate change adaptation, especially in rural areas, human security, nutrition and the protection of the most fragile elements of the social system.The key results and conclusions. Each of the Arctic countries has its own specifics in the field of response to climate change, which is reflected in the adaptation activities and key guidelines of each state:– Finland: activating civil society institutions to manage adaptation risks;– Norway: humanitarian mission to developing countries in order to expand the “market” of potential customers for services in a variety of areas of adaptation;– Sweden: expanding cooperation between the Government and municipalities on the technological safety of urban infrastructure to combat natural disasters;– Denmark: expanding research into adaptation, safety issues associated with increased rainfall and flooding;– Iceland: expanding scientific research to provide high-quality forecasts for the implementation of operational adaptation activities;– USA: strengthening the coordination function of federal government bodies aimed at interaction with various stakeholders
Legal regulation of digital profiling of a person in the practice of foreign countries
Authors: Kuznetsova S. S.
Published: January 2025

The subject. The legislation of foreign countries concerning human digital profiling, the advantages and disadvantages of profiling process, that affect the implementation and protection of certain constitutional rights, including the right of privacy, dignity of the human person and right to manage personal data.The purpose of the article is to systematize the approaches to human digital profiling reflected in the legislation of foreign countries.Methodology. The author is guided by formal dogmatic, induction and comparative law methods in research.Main results and conclusions. The author formulates approaches to the concept of human digital profiling that have been developed in the practice of foreign countries. The concept of digital profiling involves the processing of most digital traces, however, the profiling process itself is sometimes limited to solely automated forms of decision-making (most states of the USA), which significantly limits the rights of the personal data subject. Definition of automated forms of decision-making in the personal data protection law of China is positively assessed, because that process is not directly related to personal data, but to areas of human life, which most accurately reflects the essence of the processing digital traces during profiling. Consent to solely automated profiling of a human entailing legal or other significant consequences is required only in the countries of the European Union, while in the USA and China only a subsequent refusal to apply decisions is possible.
Formation of a doctrinal approach to public danger as a sign of crimes and administrative offenses
Authors: Alexandrov A. N. , Dizer O. A. , Nedostypenko T. A.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the scientific article is to, based on an analysis of the concept and essence of public danger, offer scientifically based conclusions related to the understanding of whether acts should be differentiated on the grounds of “nuisance” and “danger” into administrative offenses and crimes. The achievement of the formulated goal was made possible by solving the following scientific problems: defining the concept and essence of the social danger of an act; disclosure of the content of concepts of the nature and degree of social danger of an act, clarification of their criminal legal and social functions; clarification of the influence of public danger on the criminalization of an act and the categorization of crimes.

The methodological basis was the universal principles of scientific knowledge: objectivity, the relationship of phenomena and their characteristics, the unity of theory and practice. In solving the identified problems, the work also used other general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition, successfully tested by legal doctrine, including analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction.

This article analyzes its concept as distinguishing an administrative offense from a crime. The essence and criteria for forming the degree of public danger are determined. Conditions are established that influence the formation of this characteristic for certain types of administrative offenses. The relationship between social danger and its degree in case of recidivism, preparation or attempted crime, and statute of limitations is analyzed.