bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of medical oncology prognosis for patients with metastatic cancer evaluated for enrollment onto an ongoing randomized clinical trial.
Authors: McClelland Shearwood
Published: June 2024

12063

Background: For patients with metastatic cancer, a key aspect of interdisciplinary care has involved the overall prognosis provided by Medical Oncology, which often dictates the intensity and direction of further care while impacting all other disciplines, most prominently Radiation Oncology, Surgical Oncology and Palliative Medicine. Despite the millions of patients for whom such prognoses have been ascribed, the success rate of Medical Oncology prognosis has been sparsely described. This study represents prospective evaluation of Medical Oncology prognosis accuracy for patients having been considered for enrollment onto an ongoing Phase 2 randomized controlled oncology trial. Methods: The ongoing Spine Patient Optimal Radiosurgery Treatment for Symptomatic MEtastatic Neoplasms (SPORTSMEN) clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov number NCT05617716) is a Phase 2 randomized clinical trial examining optimal radiation therapy treatment of symptomatic spinal metastases with a primary endpoint of pain freedom at 3 months post-treatment. A key eligibility criteria for trial enrollment is overall prognosis exceeding 3 months, typically provided by Medical Oncology. During the first year of trial enrollment, Medical Oncology prognosis for patients considered for SPORTSMEN inclusion was prospectively assessed for accuracy. Results: From January 2023 through December 2023, a total of 27 patients with documented Medical Oncology prognosis were considered for SPORTSMEN enrollment. Medical Oncology administered a prognosis exceeding three months in 26 patients, and less than three months in one patient. Of patients with a prognosis exceeding three months, 12 (46%) succumbed to death or hospice care prior to three months; the patient ascribed a prognosis of less than three months did not survive to exceed this threshold. The Medical Oncology prognosis overall was proven correct for 15 of 27 patients (56%). Medical Oncologist prognostic accuracy was 13/19 (68.4%) for outpatients, and 2/8 (25%) for inpatients; this difference was statistically significant (p=0.0381). Conclusions: In patients with symptomatic metastatic spine disease, the estimated prognosis provided by Medical Oncology is often optimistic, as nearly half of patients assigned a prognosis of greater than three months failed to reach this threshold before experiencing death or hospice. These findings indicate that providers considering enrolling patients on clinical trials should expect a prognosis overestimation rate exceeding 40%. Consequently, a more heuristic approach to assessing patient prognosis may be necessary to avoid unwarranted prognostic optimism, particularly for inpatients. Such an approach could potentially provide a more compassionate and cost-effective management of these patients’ remaining lifespan thereby optimizing quality-of-life.
Sociodemographic characteristics associated with reading online health education materials among patients with cancer.
Authors: White Melissa Christina , Bhardwaj Arun , Christman Amanda , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba
Published: June 2024

12111

Background: Health literacy is an important aspect of navigating cancer care. There are over 18 million cancer survivors currently in the United States, and the number is expected to continue increasing. As new therapeutic options emerge for cancer patients, it is important that patients are able to read and understand literature from their clinical encounters regarding their treatment options and prognosis. Very little real-world data exists describing cancer patients’ reading of cancer information. We aimed to identify baseline characteristics associated with reading online health education materials among patients during active cancer care. Methods: We used retrospective data from Navigating Cancer for individuals ≥18 years, with confirmed cases of cancer between 2017 and 2023. We performed an unadjusted comparison of baseline characteristics between patients who read at least one article versus those who did not read, using chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression estimated associations between patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and online health education material reading status (read vs. not read). Results: Among 2,903 eligible patients with cancer included in the study, approximately 65% ( n= 1890) read the online health educational materials. On average, females dominated both reading status categories (femaleread=70%; femalenot_read=70.98%). However, on average patients in the “not read” category differed with a relatively higher proportion of younger adults (≤40read=14.81% vs. ≤40not_read=20.04%) and lower rates of graduate education (graduateread=27.2% vs. graduatenot_read=19.74%). In the fully-adjusted model, age group was associated with reading status, with a 31% lower odds for patients with cancer ≤ 40 years (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.55-0.87; P=0.001), and a 38% lower odds for older patients 80+ years (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.93; P=0.022) relative to patients 40-60 years. Also, education was a significant predictor, with a 36% reduced odds for patients with a high school diploma or less (aOR=0.64, 95% CI 0.53-0.76; P<0.001), but 26% higher odds for graduates (aOR = 1.26, 95% Ci 1.03-1.55; P=0.022), relative to patients with some college education. Similarly, White patients relative to Non-White patients with cancer (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.08-1.49; P=0.004) showed 27% increased odds of reading online educational materials. Conclusions: This study showed an association between age, race, educational status and odds of reading online cancer health education among cancer survivors. Given the focus on patient-centered cancer care and equity in physician-patient cancer communication, it is important that clinical providers recognize factors associated with reading of cancer education materials in their patient population.
Risks of Iodine Excess
Authors: Sohn Seo Young , Inoue Kosuke , Rhee Connie M , Leung Angela M
Published: June 2024

Iodine is a micronutrient that is required for thyroid hormone synthesis. The iodide cycle in thyroid hormone synthesis consists of a series of transport, oxidation, organification, and binding/coupling steps in thyroid follicular cells. Common sources of iodine include the consumption of an iodine-rich diet or iodine-fortified foods, the administration of amiodarone, iodine-containing supplements, or iodinated contrast media, and other miscellaneous sources. Methods to assess population iodine status include the measurement of urinary iodine concentrations, blood thyroglobulin levels, prevalence of elevated neonatal thyrotropin levels, and thyroid volume. Although excessive iodine intake or exposure is generally well tolerated, an acute iodine load may result in thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) in certain susceptible individuals due to the failure to escape from the Wolff–Chaikoff effect and to the Jod–Basedow phenomenon, respectively. In this review, we discuss the associations between excessive iodine intake or exposure, with particular focus on iodinated contrast media as a common source of excess iodine in health care settings, and risks of incident thyroid dysfunction. We also summarize the risks of iodine excess in vulnerable populations and review current guidelines regarding the screening and monitoring of iodinated contrast–induced thyroid dysfunction. Finally, we discuss the long-term potential nonthyroidal health risks associated with iodine excess and suggest the need for more data to define safe upper limits for iodine intake, particularly in high-risk populations.
Twelve Tips for Optimising Medical Student Fitness to Practise
Authors: Gishen Faye , Johnson Dominic
Published: June 2024

Fitness to practise processes are in place to safeguard patient safety and maintain professional standards. This article provides context for medical student fitness to practise in the UK and situates the process under the regulator and the university. The Tips examine some dichotomies and pitfalls in an increasingly litigious field and provide operational recommendations. The authors drew on their experiences across several medical schools and highlighted some of the complexities at play. Fairness through diverse panel constituencies, education, and training for panel members are highlighted. The potential impact of mental health diagnoses on outcomes is considered alongside the need for support for practitioners involved in this high-stake process. The Tips outlined are broadly transferable to other regulated programs nationally and internationally and are linked to postgraduate practice. The authors hope to ignite dialogue in an area with limited benchmarking and literature.
The genome sequence of the flea beetle, Crepidodera aurea (Geoffrey, 1785)
Authors: Telfer Mark G. , Blomfield-Smith Hermione ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Crepidodera aurea (flea beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae). The genome sequence is 509.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.69 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 19,944 protein coding genes.
The translocation of a native fish for recreational purposes: First record of Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) in Büyükçekmece Reservoir (İstanbul, Türkiye)
Authors: Yürekli Özgün Deniz , Damar Ahmet Burak , Saç Gülşah , Özuluğ Müfit
Published: June 2024

The present study documented the first record of the common bream, Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Büyükçekmece Reservoir (İstanbul, Türkiye). The fish were found to have been translocated into the reservoir by anglers from the native population of Lake Durusu (İstanbul). With this discovery, the number of fish species living in the reservoir has increased to 25.
How to find and overcome reason of the pain - an overview of the possible approaches in intracranial hypotension treatment
Authors: Hądzlik Izabela , Piotrowski Jan , Biały-Karbowniczek Julia , Słychan Katarzyna , Bulska Klaudia , Brzozowska Patrycja , Piela Andrzej , Nowińska Bianka , Łuczak Blanka , Sławek Konrad
Published: June 2024

Intracranial hypotension syndrome develops following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, cerebrospinal fluid) leakage as a result of iatrogenic or spontaneous interruption of the meninges. The main clinical manifestation of intracranial hypotension, whether spontaneous (SIH, spontaneous intracranial hypotension) or iatrogenic, is a chronic headache of the orthostatic type, which may be accompanied by symptoms of neurological deficits. Despite the usually benign course, subdural haematomas developing following SIH or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis can cause deterioration of the patient's condition and may even be life-threatening. An important role in the diagnosis of SIH is played by imaging studies (mainly magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain and spinal canal, sometimes supplemented by CSF pressure testing. If conservative treatment fails, consideration should be given to surgical management and epidural blood patch. SIH is dangerous, so it is important to know how to diagnose and treat it.
Andrómaca traducida para representar. Versión española coordinada por Sandra Rodríguez Piedrabuena
Authors: Rodríguez Piedrabuena Sandra
Published: June 2024

Este libro es el resultado de la traducción al español de Andrómaca, de Eurípides, por parte del proyecto ACTUS (Acción Teatral de la Universidad de Sevilla). El lector que se adentre en sus páginas descubrirá que nada es igual después de la Guerra de Troya ¿Qué fue de Andrómaca, la esposa del troyano Héctor? Antes noble, ahora es esclava en la casa de Neoptólemo, el hijo de Aquiles, precisamente el que dio muerte a su esposo Héctor. Andrómaca, cautiva de guerra, tiene un hijo con su amo Neoptólemo, el gran ausente. Hermíone, la esposa legítima, es estéril, ¿por los venenos de la extranjera Andrómaca? Si la espartana Hermíone no tiene hijos, ¿qué futuro le aguarda al linaje de Aquiles? ¿Acabará el poder en manos de un hijo bastardo del bando enemigo? Andrómaca nos obliga a reflexionar sobre el cambio inesperado e incontrolable de la fortuna, sobre si pesan más los apellidos, la valía innata o la coyuntura; nos hace empatizar con el desamparado, nos pone cara a cara ante el poder de los bulos y la impiedad. Pronto nos damos cuenta de que el problema va mucho más allá de una pelea entre una adolescente histérica y una esclava cautiva de guerra.
Capacity Allocation and Scheduling in Two-Stage Service Systems with Multiclass Customers
Authors: Zhong Zhiheng , Cao Ping , Huang Junfei , Zhou Sean X.
Published: June 2024

Problem definition: This paper considers a tandem queueing system in which stage 1 has one station serving multiple classes of arriving customers with different service requirements and related delay costs, and stage 2 has multiple parallel stations, with each station providing one type of service. Each station has many statistically identical servers. The objective is to design a joint capacity allocation between stages/stations and scheduling rule of different classes of customers to minimize the system’s long-run average cost. Methodology/results: Using fluid approximation, we convert the stochastic problem into a fluid optimization problem and develop a solution procedure. Based on the solution to the fluid optimization problem, we propose a simple and easy-to-implement capacity allocation and scheduling policy and establish its asymptotic optimality for the stochastic system. The policy has an explicit index-based scheduling rule that is independent of the arrival rates, and resource allocation is determined by the priority orders established between the classes and stations. We conduct numerical experiments to validate the accuracy of the fluid approximation and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed policy. Managerial implications: Tandem queueing systems are ubiquitous. Our results provide useful guidelines for the allocation of limited resources and the scheduling of customer service in those systems. Our proposed policy can improve the system’s operational efficiency and customers’ service quality.

Funding: Z. Zhong’s research is partially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant 2023ZYGXZR074] and the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 2022JJ40109]. P. Cao’s research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72122019]. J. Huang’s research is partially supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [CUHK-14501621] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72222023]. S. X. Zhou’s research is partially supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [CUHK-14500921], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72394395], and the Asian Institute of Supply Chains and Logistics.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0266 .
Trebenna dan Trophilios Oğlu Loukios un Adak Sunağı
Authors: ÇELİK Ahmet
Published: June 2024

Trebenna antik kenti, Lykia-Pamphylia yaklaşık kesişim noktasındadır ve ormanlık bir arazide Akdeniz’i yüksekten gören bir konuma sahiptir. Trebenna örneği yaklaşık dikdörtgenler prizması biçiminde kireçtaşı bir sunaktır. Ön yüzde bir büst bulunur ve tepe kısmında iki satır Hellence yazıt yer alır. Tanrı/tanrıçalara katı ya da sıvı çeşitli sunular için kullanılan sunaklar, son derece çeşitli formlarda yere sabit ya da taşınabilir olabilmektedir. Bazı sunaklar ise adak sunağı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Anadolu’da Trebenna örneğine benzer şekilde yaklaşık dikdörtgenler prizması formlu adak sunaklarının üzerinde çeşitli tanrı büstleri ve/veya yazıtları bulunan Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne ait örnekler bilinmektedir. Bu tip sunaklarda büstü bulunan tanrı/tanrıça genelde onları simgeleyen bir veya birkaç atribut ile gösterilebilir. Ayrıca varsa bazı sunak yazıtlarında doğrudan adanmış olduğu tanrı/tanrıçanın ismi de geçmektedir. Bununla beraber üzerinde büst bulunan bazı sunaklar ile özellikle Trebenna yakın civarında, üzerinde büst bulunan bir kısım lahit teknesi/kapağı MS II-III. yüzyıla tarihlenebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Trebenna’dan adak sunağı Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi içerisinde MS II-III. yüzyıla tarihlenebilir.
A sentence-medial clause-typing intoneme in Mandarin A-NOT-A questions
Authors: Wang Chi
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: A sentence-medial intoneme is argued to be responsible for typing Mandarin A-NOT-A questions. In narrow syntax, it is merged higher than deontic modals and lower than Tense; after spell-out, it is realized phonetically as a high-low intonation starting from the left edge of the ANOT-A predicate. This proposal is supported by a sentence-medial segmental particle in Chinese dialects, which further corroborates the Intonation-Particle Hypothesis by showing that typing particles in non-sentence-final positions are also variants of intonations. Besides, the Mandarin nuclear stress rule derives two prosodic features of A-NOT-A questions: No intonational breaks within the A-NOT-A predicate and de-stressing of the negation word. The two features follow from the requirement that only one intonation is allowed in the nuclear stress domain and instantiate interaction among different stresses. 摘要: 普通话正反问的句中位置存在一个标句调素，在狭义句法阶段合并于 一个低于时态中心语、高于义务模态词的位置，拼出之后则在语音上 以正反问谓语的左边界为起点、实现为前高后低的句调模式。这一假 设得到了汉语方言事实的支持，表明除了句末语气词，句中标句词也 是句调素的另一种变体，从而进一步支持了“语调-语气词变体假说”。 此外，正反问的韵律模式还有两个关键特征：肯定、否定部分之间不 能停顿；否定词不能重读。上述两个特征都是普通话的“核重-语调定 律”所致，即核心重音范域内不容两个语调。这说明不同类型的重音 之间存在互动效应。
MediYoga compared to physiotherapy treatment as usual for patients with stress-related symptoms in primary care rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bellfjord Madeleine , Grimby-Ekman Anna , Larsson Maria E. H.
Published: June 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of MediYoga as a group treatment to conventional treatment provided by a physiotherapist for people with perceived stress-related symptoms.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Settings

Primary care rehabilitation, Gothenburg Sweden.

Subjects

Fifty-five patients with stress-related symptoms were invited to participate. Nine patients declined, and a total of 46 patients aged 26–70 years (mean 47), 44 women and two men were randomized, 23 to the MediYoga group and 23 to the physiotherapy treatment as usual group.

Interventions

The MediYoga group performed MediYoga for one hour a week during an 8-week period. The control group received physiotherapy treatment as usual.

Main measures

Data were mainly collected by self-reported questionnaires. For primary outcome the Swedish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used. Secondary outcomes were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol–5D (EQ-5D) and EuroQol–Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS). Thoracic excursion was the only physical measurement. Mixed effect model was used for analyse.

Results

For the primary outcome PSS, there was a close to statistically significant group effect over time advantaging MediYoga over physiotherapy (P = 0.06). For secondary outcomes, the group effect over time was statistically significant in HADS anxiety (P = 0.01) and EQ-VAS (P = 0.03). There was a group trend over time advantaging MediYoga in HADS depression (P = 0.08).

Conclusion

Despite a large dropout in both groups, MediYoga can be recommended as a treatment option for people suffering from stress-related symptoms.

Trial registration

Registered in: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02907138
An oral toxicity assessment of a mosquito larvicidal transgenic algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) using adult Zebrafish and its embryos
Authors: Amjad Fareeha , Khan Hamza , Khan Muhammad Islam , Ayub Sidra , Bhatti Rashid , Pervaiz Rabbia , Malik Kausar , Khan Mohsin Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases pose a global health threat, with pathogens like Malaria, Dengue fever, and others transmitted by mosquitoes. Our study focuses on evaluating the toxicity of genetically engineered mosquito larvicidal algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) to non-target organisms, specifically Zebrafish. We conducted a 90-day experiment, feeding Zebrafish different combinations of larvicidal algae and commercial fish feed. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in mortality, allergenicity, or moribundity among groups. Hematology, molecular analysis, and necropsy showed no physiological differences. Our findings indicate that the transgenic algae (TN72.cry11Ba) had no adverse effects on adult Zebrafish or their larvae. This study confirmed the safety of algae on non-target organisms, such as zebrafish.
YOLO-ISTD: An infrared small target detection method based on YOLOv5-S
Authors: Hao Ziqiang , Wang Zhuohao , Xu Xiaoyu , Jiang Zheng , Sun Zhicheng
Published: June 2024

Infrared target detection is widely used in industrial fields, such as environmental monitoring, automatic driving, etc., and the detection of weak targets is one of the most challenging research topics in this field. Due to the small size of these targets, limited information and less surrounding contextual information, it increases the difficulty of target detection and recognition. To address these issues, this paper proposes YOLO-ISTD, an improved method for infrared small target detection based on the YOLOv5-S framework. Firstly, we propose a feature extraction module called SACSP, which incorporates the Shuffle Attention mechanism and makes certain adjustments to the CSP structure, enhancing the feature extraction capability and improving the performance of the detector. Secondly, we introduce a feature fusion module called NL-SPPF. By introducing an NL-Block, the network is able to capture richer long-range features, better capturing the correlation between background information and targets, thereby enhancing the detection capability for small targets. Lastly, we propose a modified K-means clustering algorithm based on Distance-IoU (DIoU), called K-means_DIOU, to improve the accuracy of clustering and generate anchors suitable for the task. Additionally, modifications are made to the detection heads in YOLOv5-S. The original 8, 16, and 32 times downsampling detection heads are replaced with 4, 8, and 16 times downsampling detection heads, capturing more informative coarse-grained features. This enables better understanding of the overall characteristics and structure of the targets, resulting in improved representation and localization of small targets. Experimental results demonstrate significant achievements of YOLO-ISTD on the NUST-SIRST dataset, with an improvement of 8.568% in mAP@0.5 and 8.618% in mAP@0.95. Compared to the comparative models, the proposed approach effectively addresses issues of missed detections and false alarms in the detection results, leading to substantial improvements in precision, recall, and model convergence speed.
Evaluating the nutrition and body mass index clinical link pathway in mental health and learning disability services: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Giles Emma L. , Stevens Heidi , McGeechan Grant J. , Walker Lauren , Pakunwanich Narut , Whittaker Vicki , Smith Jo
Published: June 2024

This research involved an evaluation of the Nutrition and Body Mass Index Clinical Link Pathway (NBMI CLiP) implemented in practice across Severe Mental Illness and/or learning disabilities ward in Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust (TEWV), to understand how the NBMI CLiP is used, inpatient staff feedback on the CLiP for supporting service users to manage their weight, and whether using the NBMI CLiP impacted on staffs’ own weight management. To account for the uneven distribution of the secondary data, descriptive statistics such as medians and the inter-quartile range were conducted to assess anychanges in recording of Body Mass Index, nutrition screening (SANSI) and intervention planss. Staff survey data investigated barriers and facilitators to using the NBMI CLiP in practice and the impact on their own weight management. Secondary data analysis found most wards improved recording of BMI, SANSI and Intervention Planning. Forensic Learning Disabilities, Adult Learning Disabilities, mixed gender wards and North Yorkshire and York Operational Directorate indicated the greatest improvement. Survey results (n = 55) found three times as many participants (n = 12, 75%) found the NBMI CLiP easy or very easy to use; most fully understood it (n = 13, 81.20%) and were confident or very confident to carry out a SANSI Screen (n = 14, 87.50%) or a recovery focused intervention plan (n = 9, 56.20%). Open-text responses, analysed using content analysis, indicated a need for further training of staff on the NBMI CLiP. It is recommended that to support weight management across these wards, that a nudge or choice architecture approach to weight management is adopted, supported by training delivered by a dietitian.
Exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages among adults in China: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2018
Authors: Pei Di , Popova Lucy , Chowdhury Pranesh , Shi Jing , Njie Gibril
Published: June 2024

Significance

For decades, tobacco advertisements and promotions have been common in mass media and public places in China. In 2015, China amended the Advertising Law to prohibit the distribution of tobacco advertising, while also initiating waves of tobacco control media campaigns. This study investigates the associations between exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages, smoking status, and people’s smoking-related beliefs and willingness to support tobacco control policies.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 19,376 adults aged ≥15 years in China. Anti- and pro-smoking message exposures were measured as the sum of sources (media or places) where respondents have seen the messages. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among smoking status, message exposure, and the outcome variables (health harm beliefs, support for increasing tax on cigarettes, support for using part of the increased tax on tobacco control) controlling for smoking status and demographic differences.

Results

Overall, 63.3% of the respondents reported being exposed to anti-smoking messages from at least 1 source, while 18.1% were exposed to pro-smoking messages from at least 1 source. Adults who currently, formerly, and never smoked differed in their beliefs about smoking and willingness to support tobacco control policies. Greater reported exposure to anti-smoking messages was positively associated with belief that smoking is harmful, support for increased cigarette tax, and support for using increased tax revenue for tobacco control measures. Meanwhile, greater reported exposure to pro-smoking messages was negatively related to willingness to support cigarette tax increases.

Conclusions

While national and local tobacco control campaigns in China have reached a large proportion of the adult population, there is still room for improvement. China might consider expanding anti-tobacco campaigns, as reported exposure to these messages is associated with increased public awareness of the health hazards of smoking and support for increasing cigarette taxes.
Behavioural activation for people in custody with depression: A protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled study
Authors: Walsh Sandra M. , Muyambi Kuda , Dennis Shaun , Hutchinson Steven , Turnbull Tom , Tan Kuan Liung , Dettwiller Pascale , Bressington Daniel , Gray Richard , Howard Lucy , Andrews Joanne , Muthuramalingam Shyamsundar , Versace Vincent L. , Jones Martin F.
Published: June 2024

People in custody are at high risk of developing depression. Accessing psychological treatments in a prison setting is a particular challenge, in part, due to difficulties accessing specialist mental health workers. Behavioural Activation (BA) may be helpful in improving health outcomes for people in custody experiencing depressive symptoms. The aim of this study is to establish the feasibility and acceptability of custodial health nurses delivering BA to improve depressive symptoms of people in custody. We will conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial with process observation examining the feasibility and acceptability of BA in treating people in custody with depressive symptoms. 60 people in custody presenting with depressive symptoms will be randomised to receive BA plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU provided by custodial health nurses. Eight custodial health nurses will be recruited, trained, and deliver BA. BA will be delivered twice a week for six weeks, with sessions lasting up to 30 minutes. Changes in depression and quality of life (QoL) will be assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention. Participants will be interviewed to understand feasibility and acceptability of BA in prison settings. The findings will inform the design of a randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of BA for people in custody with depression. Findings will help determine whether BA for depression is suited to prison health care system and services. Improving depressive symptoms in people in custody has benefits beyond prison settings. The Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee and University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee have approved the study. The trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences and reported to local stakeholders and policy makers. If feasibility and acceptability is demonstrated, we will seek to progress to an effectiveness study. A potential strength of the trial model proposed, is in its scalability, with potential to increase the trial sites and locations. This trial has been prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (reference number: ACTRN12623000346673p).

Trial registration ACTRN12623000346673p.
Investigating molecular descriptors in cell-penetrating peptides prediction with deep learning: Employing N, O, and hydrophobicity according to the Eisenberg scale
Authors: Seixas Feio Juliana Auzier , de Oliveira Ewerton Cristhian Lima , de Sales Claudomiro de Souza , da Costa Kauê Santana , e Lima Anderson Henrique Lima
Published: June 2024

Cell-penetrating peptides comprise a group of molecules that can naturally cross the lipid bilayer membrane that protects cells, sharing physicochemical and structural properties, and having several pharmaceutical applications, particularly in drug delivery. Investigations of molecular descriptors have provided not only an improvement in the performance of classifiers but also less computational complexity and an enhanced understanding of membrane permeability. Furthermore, the employment of new technologies, such as the construction of deep learning models using overfitting treatment, promotes advantages in tackling this problem. In this study, the descriptors nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrophobicity on the Eisenberg scale were investigated, using the proposed ConvBoost-CPP composed of an improved convolutional neural network with overfitting treatment and an XGBoost model with adjusted hyperparameters. The results revealed favorable to the use of ConvBoost-CPP, having as input nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrophobicity together with ten other descriptors previously investigated in this research line, showing an increase in accuracy from 88% to 91.2% in cross-validation and 82.6% to 91.3% in independent test.
Pentsamenduaren psikologia
Authors: Huizi Pello
Published: June 2024

Artikulu honek pentsamenduaren psikologiarako sarrera labur eta zuzena izan nahi du. Gisa honetako lanetan ohikoak diren gaiak biltzen ditu: pentsamenduaren kontzeptua, pentsamenduaren psikologiaren historia, eta pentsamenduaren azterketa psikologikoaren arazo metodologikoak. Kontzeptuaren atalak pentsamenduaren ezaugarriez, pentsamendu zuzenduaren eta ez-zuzenduaren arteko bereizketaz, eta Johnson-Lairden pentsamenduaren taxonomiaz dihardu. Psikologiaren historiari buruzko atalean honako hauek bildu dira: Wundten eta Würzburgeko Eskolaren arteko etabaida, ikuspegi konduktista eta Gestaltarena, eta informazio-prozesamenduaren eta konexionisten hurbilpenak. Arazo metodologikoei dagokienez, aztertu ditugun auziakintrospekzioaren eta “goraki pentsatzeko” metodoaren ingurukoak dira. Gainera, gai klasiko horiek aztertu baino lehen, auzitan jarri dugu ea jendeak gogoko ote duen pentsatzea.
¿Quiénes son los científicos y dónde están? La composición institucional y de género de la comunidad científica brasileña (años 50)
Authors: Rossi Daiane
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la composición institucional y de género de la comunidad científica brasileña a partir de los datos recogidos por la Campanha Nacional de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) en la década de 1950 en Brasil, en particular una encuesta publicada en 1957, que nombraba por primera vez a los investigadores, sus instituciones de trabajo, localización, área de actividad y especialidades. En este sentido, se trazó una cartografía sociogeográfica de lo que se denominó comunidad científica. La discusión se sitúa en el contexto de la política desarrollista, buscando comprender cómo Capes actuó en la institucionalización de la ciencia brasileña en el período, con énfasis en sus primeros años de funcionamiento y en la elaboración de la encuesta. Como fuentes, se utilizaron informes, boletines y encuestas publicados por Capes.
Presentación
Authors: Berdugo Gómez de la Torre Ignacio , Beçak Rubens
Published: June 2024

Presentación de los Directores. Texto de presentación del número 21 (volumen 10) de la Revista de Estudios Brasileños.
Enfermeras de la «buena vecindad»: el Servicio Especial de Salud Pública (SESP) y la creación de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidade Federal da Bahia
Authors: Dos Santos Batista Ricardo , Costa Ramos José Lúcio
Published: June 2024

Este artículo analiza el papel del Servicio Especial de Salud Pública (SESP), que actuó entre 1942 y 1960 como una agencia bilateral Brasil/Estados Unidos, en la creación de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidade Federal da Bahia (EEUFBA). Se utiliza como fuente los informes de la SESP, recopilados en el Centro de Documentación de la Casa de Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, RJ), las entrevistas, la legislación y las noticias de los periódicos, que se analizan como portadores de los intereses de las instituciones e individuos que los elaboraron. Se entiende que la SESP ofreció asistencia técnica y financiera para la creación de la EEUFBA y que la propuesta presentaba al hospital como un elemento central de las actividades de enseñanza de enfermería. Aunque hubiera directrices internacionales que seguir, el proyecto encontró complicaciones en su implementación, especialmente por la dificultad de mantener un cuerpo docente estable y por la interferencia de las dinámicas locales.
La diversidad de perspectivas y experiencias en los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología
Authors: Otávio Ferreira Luiz , Barros da Silva Márcia Regina , Elian dos Santos Paulo
Published: June 2024

Entrevista con el antropólogo Guilherme Sá y con la socióloga Maria Caramez Carlotto, ambos integrantes de la generación más joven de estudiosos de Ciencia y Tecnología en Brasil. Los entrevistados son profesores en dos de las principales universidades brasileñas, la Universidade de Brasília (UnB), y la Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), en São Paulo, respectivamente. Sus investigaciones abordan cuestiones teóricas, así como la forma de incorporar dichas reflexiones en la sociedad en general. En la entrevista, se destacan los caminos personales seguidos en la construcción de sus respectivos campos de estudio, sus trayectorias profesionales y sus perspectivas sobre los modelos de ciencias en disputa en el país.
Measuring service quality: perceptions of employees in the hotel industry during the Covid19 pandemic in Hungary
Authors: Sathawattey Sadh , Gyurácz-Németh Petra
Published: June 2024

The focus of this research was to use the SERVQUAL methodology to examine the service quality of Hungarian hotels as perceived by their employees during the Covid19 pandemic. The paper concentrates on employees as internal customers and the crucial role they play in providing quality service. The SERVQUAL 5 dimensions were used to forecast hotel employees’ expectation, perception, and satisfaction. Data were gathered via online survey throughout Hungary, using a modified SERVQUAL questionnaire. The online questionnaires comprised a total of 55 questions which were divided into 3 main parts (Demography, SERVQUAL Expectation and Perception, Employee satisfaction. The responses are all recorded using the 5-point Likert scale. The study investigated both expectation and perception levels of the employees in Hungarian hotel during the pandemic. The results regarding the first hypothesis indicated that there is a gap between employee expectation and perception using the mean analysis in Microsoft Excel. Pearson’s correlation was used to investigate the relationship between employee perception and overall satisfaction. The results related to the second hypothesis also indicated that there is a strong relationship between the employee perception of service quality and the overall satisfaction. This research will provide an extensive understanding of service quality and employee satisfaction within the business process of an outsourced firm during the pandemic, with a primary focus on the Hungarian hotel sector.
Faire bouger les lignes
Authors: Grabczan Robert
Published: June 2024

Résumé. Trois propositions de logement servent d’appui pour revisiter le processus pionnier mené il y a bientôt cinquante ans par le célèbre architecte Luigi Snozzi dans le village suisse italien de Monte Carasso. Ces exemples mettent en lumière son approche singulière et inspirante du projet, en tant que méthode souple et exigeante dans la transformation spatiale des lieux de vie. Cette contribution invite aussi à des lectures progressives, rencontrant des valeurs multiples (voire fondamentales) dans chacun des projets évoqués. La posture transgressive empruntée par Snozzi rappelle l’indispensable décloisonnement des échelles de travail à maintenir lors de tout processus de conception. Cet article est également l’occasion de rendre hommage à ce maître de l’école tessinoise disparu lors de la pandémie en 2020.
Abstract. Three housing proposals are taken as points of reference to revisit the pioneering process led almost fifty years ago by famous architect Luigi Snozzi in the Swiss-Italian village of Monte Carasso. These examples highlight his singular and inspiring design approach, as a flexible and strength method for qualitative transformation of living spaces. This contribution also invites to gradual readings, showing numerous (or even essentials) values in each selected project. This transgressive position taken by Snozzi reminds the vital removal of partitions regarding levels of work during every design process. This article is also an opportunity to pay tribute to this leader of Ticinese school disappeared during the pandemic in 2020.
Determination of Reservoir Ecosystem Status in Cimahi City Govenrment Office
Authors: Wardhani Eka , Kusnadi Faza Kamilah , Irmansyah Athaya Zahrani , Handiani Dian Noor
Published: June 2024

Cimahi City continues to try to repair the damaged reservoir to function optimally as a raw water reservoir. This effort requires identifying the status of the reservoir ecosystem by assessing three standard criteria: aquatic, boundary, and terrestrial quality status. Two methods were carried out: field observation and laboratory research. The field observations are observations and interviews, determining the water sampling point and water sampling, and aerial photography for mapping surveys. The parameters of chlorophyll-A, algae, total nitrogen, and total phosphate were analyzed for the laboratory research. Based on research, the status of aquatic is in the threatened-destruction category because trophic level includes hyper-eutrophic, moderately polluted water quality, low biodiversity, and loss of food webs. The quality of the boundary ecosystem is in the damaged category because >25% of the area of the boundary is a settlement, and there is the disposal of domestic waste that enters the reservoir through canals. The quality of terrestrial ecosystems is in the threatened-damaged category because the land vegetation in the water catchment area is low, and there is an average annual siltation of ≥2% of the depth of the reservoir. It was concluded that management must be carried out in the water catchment area.
Life Cycle Assessment to Compare the Environmental of Food Waste Management System in Semarang City
Authors: Qadar Syahrul Al , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Priyambada Ika Bagus
Published: June 2024

1.3 billion tons of the food produced for human consumption is wasted in the food supply chain as a result of a number of issues. A high proportion of food waste occurs during consumption, primarily influenced by consumer behavior. In Semarang City, Black Soldier Fly, incineration, and composting are alternatives to food waste management. This research aims to analyze alternative food waste management methods that yield reusable resources and materials because currently unknown which method has the smallest environmental impact. Life Cycle Assessment method can be used to examine the environmental impact of the food waste management system from every phase 1 ton food waste analyze. BSF has proven superior to composting, incineration and landfilling methods in analyzes of potential environmental impacts that reduce 90% environmental impact. Landfills cover a large area and the effect of global warming is significant until of 1.704E+03 CO2-eq, this issue needs more attention in the management of the generated CH4. Incineration needs to make advances in the method such as producing new resources and emissions so that can be reused because incineration impact eutrophication potential until 2.438E+00 . For reasons environmental concerns, efficient food waste management is crucial to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals.
Spatial Planning for Agricultural Development Based on Carrying Capacity of Ecosystem Services in The Melolo Transmigration Area, East Sumba
Authors: Rojikhah Afifatur , Leksono Amin Setyo , Rachmansyah Arief
Published: June 2024

Transmigration is one of the government programs that aim to create a new growth center by establishing an activity center through the development of basic business patterns. Development of the main business pattern is carried out through the management of land resources for agriculture. Improper management of land resources can lead to a decrease in environmental quality. Therefore, it is necessary to know the potential carrying capacity of ecosystem service to plan agricultural development. Parameters are used to analyze the carrying capacity of ecosystem services as provisioning based on environmental services for water and food provisioning. The environmental service assessment method for water and food provisioning is calculated using weighting and scoring. The total value of the carrying capacity of ecosystem services as provisioning is obtained from the calculation of the two parameters using the Simple Additive Weighting method. The results of the analysis show that the value of the carrying capacity of ecosystem service as provisioning is classified as very low. This indicates that the capability of the land for agricultural development is very low. Agricultural development requires conservation actions to increase the carrying capacity of ecosystem service. Recommendations for conservation actions are carried out through land use arrangements.
Improving the Concentration Accuracy of Fertilizer Application in Hydroponic System Using PLC
Authors: Sadiyoko Ali , Perdana Kevin Adi , Naa Christian Fredy
Published: June 2024

Hydroponics is a farming method using water as a medium for storing nutrients (fertilizer/nutrients). Therefore, the concentration of dissolved fertilizers in the water is crucial for plant growth. The method of measuring dissolved fertilizers in hydroponic systems is usually done by measuring the value of the EC and Total Dissolved Solids of the solution. However, because the EC and TDS measurement processes are not carried out continuously, this can result in plant growth being disrupted. In this study, an automatic fertilizer concentration control system was designed based on EC values that can be monitored continuously. The fertilizer concentration control process will be carried out automatically using a PLC, which is equipped with a TDS sensor and several pumps. EC value measurements are carried out indirectly using a TDS sensor. Testing of the design system was carried out for 8 days, during which time the design of this system managed to maintain EC values between 0.844 mS/cm to 1.051 mS/cm. The standard EC value required by lettuce plants is 0.8 mS/cm ~ 1.2 mS/cm. This shows that this system is more accurate than the reference system, which is able to maintain EC values between 0.8 mS/cm to 1.2 mS/cm.
Effect of isothermal transformation temperature on the microstructure, precipitation behavior, and mechanical properties of anti-seismic rebar
Authors: Zhang Junxiang , Gu Shangjun , Wang Jie , Wei Fulong , Li Zhiying , Zeng Zeyun , Shen Bin , Li Changrong
Published: June 2024

The synergy between Nb/Ti strengthening and precise isothermal transformation temperatures has resulted in the optimal microstructure and mechanical properties in Nb/Ti anti-seismic rebars. The microstructure, precipitates, and mechanical properties of experimental steels at different isothermal transformation temperatures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and universal tensile testing machine. As the isothermal transformation temperature decreased from 700 to 600°C, the ferrite grain size, pearlite interlamellar spacing, and carbon diffusion coefficient of the experimental steel decreased to 6.69 μm, 0.17 μm, and 0.14 cm2·s−1, respectively, while the yield strength and tensile strength increased to 584 and 714 MPa, respectively. At 600°C, the pearlite transformation rate in the experimental steel was the fastest, accompanied by the most rapid precipitation kinetics. The precipitates were (Nb, Ti)C of approximately 50 nm in size, with a mismatch of 14.24% at the matrix/precipitate interface and a screw dislocation angle of 2.07°. The presence of screw dislocation steps may facilitate nucleation of Nb/Ti precipitates, forming semi-coherent interfaces.