bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Engineered Nanomaterial Inhalation During Gestation Drives Redox Dysregulation and Vascular Dysfunction Across Generations
Authors: Bowdridge Elizabeth C , DeVallance Evan , Garner Krista L , Griffith Julie A , Schafner Kallie , Seman Madison , Engels Kevin J , Wix Kimberly , Batchelor Thomas P , Goldsmith William T , Hussain Salik , Nurkiewicz Timothy R
Published: September 2021

Background

Pregnancy is associated with many rapid biological adaptations that support healthy development of the growing fetus. One of which is critical to fetal health and development is the coordination between maternal liver derived substrates and vascular delivery. This crucial adaptation can be potentially derailed by inhalation of toxicants. Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are commonly used in household and industrial products as well as in medicinal applications. As such, the potential risk of exposure remains a concern, especially during pregnancy. We have previously reported that ENM inhalation leads to upregulation in the production of oxidative species. Therefore, we aimed to determine if maternal nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure resulted in altered H2O2 production capacity and changes in downstream redox pathways. Additionally, we investigated whether this persisted into adulthood within the F1 generation and how this impacted F1 gestational outcomes and F2 fetal health and development. We hypothesized that maternal nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure during gestation would result in upregulated H2O2 in the F0 dams as well as her F1 offspring, resulting in gestational vascular dysfunction in the F1 dams yielding smaller F2 generation pups.
Results

Our results indicate upregulation of hepatic H2O2 production capacity in F0 dams, F1 offspring at 8 weeks and F1 females at gestational day 20. H2O2 production capacity was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in phosphorylation of the redox sensitive transcription factor NF-κB. In cell culture, naïve hepatocytes exposed to F1-nano-TiO2 plasma increased H2O2 production. Overnight exposure of these hepatocytes to F1 plasma increased H2O2 production capacity in a partially NF- κB dependent manner. Pregnant F1- nano-TiO2 females exhibited estrogen disruption (29.81 ± 8.8 pg/ml vs. 12.12 ± 3.1 pg/ml sham-control) and vascular dysfunction similar to their directly exposed mothers. F1-nano-TiO2 uterine artery H2O2 production capacity was also elevated 2-fold. Dysfunctional gestational outcomes in the F1-nano-TiO2 dams resulted in smaller F2 pups (4.93 ± 0.47 g vs. 5.78 ± 0.09 g sham-control pups).
Conclusion

In conclusion, this manuscript provides critical evidence of redox dysregulation across generations following maternal ENM inhalation. Furthermore, the dysfunctional gestational outcomes observed in the F1-nano-TiO2 generation impact the development of F2 offspring. In total, this data provides strong initial evidence that maternal ENM exposure has robust biological impacts that persists in at least two generations.
Prevalence of Cerebrovascular Accidents in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in a Single Academic Health System
Authors: Horta Erika , Burke-Smith Conor , Megna Bryant , Nichols Kendall , Vaughn Byron , Reshi Rwoof , Shmidt Eugenia
Published: September 2021

Background:In general, IBD increases arteriovenous thromboembolic events, though the association between UC and cerebrovascular complications remains inconclusive. Some studies suggest young women with UC have an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). The focus of this study was to characterize the rates, anatomic locations and risk factors for CVA in patients with UC. Methods:We developed a retrospective cohort of patients with UC at a single health care system from June 2010 to June 2015. Neuroimaging was used to document presence, location and type of stroke and traditional risk factors were considered. Results:The prevalence of CVAs increased in both sexes with a peak prevalence of 24.7% (95% CI 17.1 - 34.4) in women with UC over the age of 80. Older age, cancer and atrial fibrillation were risk factors for CVA in univariate analysis for both sexes. In multifactorial analysis, both age and atrial fibrillation were risk factors for CVA in the m-UC cohort, but only age was associated with CVA in f-UC. The most common type of CVA was ischemic stroke (77.7%). The most common locations for CVAs in UC patients were frontal and occipital lobes (19% and 18%, respectively). Conclusions:UC patients have an increased risk for CVA, with women over 80 demonstrating the highest risk. Providers should be aware of these risks in making treatment decisions for UC.
Identifying Performance Factors of Long-Term Care Facilities in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Létourneau Josiane , Bélanger Emilie , Sia Drissa , Beogo Idrissa , Robins Stephanie , Kruglova Katya , Jubinville Maripier , Nguemeleu Eric Tchouaket
Published: September 2021

Background: Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in many countries around the world have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to serious consequences for the elderly living in these facilities. Though many LTCFs experienced high case and death rates due to COVID-19, other facilities performed better, and experienced lower rates. A comprehensive understanding of performance factors affecting the transmission of COVID-19 within LTCFs is still lacking, as no published review has provided a complete perspective of LTCF management utilizing a multifactorial conceptual framework to evaluate performance during the pandemic. Recent research has consisted of strategies for infection prevention and control or studies reporting specific outcomes such as COVID-19 case and death rates within LTCFs. To address these gaps, this scoping review will identify and investigate performance factors that have affected the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTCFs using a multifactorial conceptual framework of performance. Methods: The CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), CAIRN, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases will be searched. Included articles will have been published in a peer-reviewed journal, in English or French, between January 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2021. They will discuss the review’s population (LTCFs), concept (dimensions of performance according to a modified version of the Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec conceptual framework), and context (COVID-19), as well as facilitators and barriers affecting performance of LTCFs. Each article will be screened by a minimum of two authors in an independent manner, after which the data from selected articles will be extracted by one author and then reviewed by the principal investigator. Results: The results will be presented both narratively and with visual aids (i.e., flowcharts, tables, conceptual maps). Discussion: A comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting performance within LTCFs could lead to improved infection prevention and control measures for the rest of the COVID-19 pandemic and assist in the proper management of future pandemics or infection outbreaks. Information on this topic could therefore lead to an improvement in the care and security of LTCF residents and personnel.Registration: Research Registry ID: researchregistry7026
Morphological and Phylogenetic Reevaluation of the Genera Mycobonia and Pseudofavolus (Polyporaceae)
Authors: Palacio Melissa , Westphalen Mauro , Yuan Yuan , Wu Yingda , Silveira Rosa Mara Borges Da
Published: September 2021

Mycobonia and Pseudofavolus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) are polyporoid genera with tropical and subtropical distribution. Both genera are morphologically similar in presenting flabelliform to conchate subsessile basidiomata, with a dimitic hyphal system, consisting of clamped generative hyphae and skeleto-binding hyphae that produce large basidiospores with smooth, thin walls. However, while Pseudofavolus species present a poroid hymenophore, in Mycobonia it is stereoid with hyphal pegs that resemble thin teeth. Mycobonia and Pseudofavolus have a controversial taxonomy, and the phylogenetic relationships between their species have yet to be assessed. For this reason, we performed molecular phylogenetic analyses on specimens of Mycobonia and Pseudofavolus from both the Neotropics and Asia, using internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear rDNA (nc LSU rDNA), and also the genes encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Furthermore, in order to develop an evolutionary analysis of the hymenophore configuration, we performed stochastic character mapping of ancestral states for the hymenophore type presented in Polyporus s.l. Our study revealed that Pseudofavolus is an artificial group and its species actually nest in a clade within Mycobonia. Therefore, in order to establish a monophyletic group, based upon priority of publication, we re-circunscribed Mycobonia to encompass both stereoid and poroid hymenophore species. Two new combinations are presented from the Neotropics: Mycobonia cucullata and M. miquelii. A new species from tropical Asia, M. yuchengii, is also described. We presente a summary of stochastic mapping of ancestral states estimates of hymenophore type in Polyporus s.l. The ancestral state for Mycobonia clade is estimated to have angular pores.
MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Dysregulation in Erastin-Induced Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Liu Ying , Hu Wenchao , Asmamaw Mogesdessale , Pan Lulu , Li Juan , Liu Hongmin
Published: September 2021

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in China. Erastin, a classical ferroptosis inducer, exerts cytotoxicity in several types of cancer cells including gastric cancer cells. However, the mechanism of erastin in regulating metabolic pathways in gastric cancer remains largely unclear. To investigate the gastric cellular response to erastin therapy, we adopted a cell pseudotargeted metabolomics method based on liquid chromatography-hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QTRAP MS). The developed method was used to investigate the differential metabolites between erastin-treated MGC-803 cells and the controls at different time points. We found that erastin induced tremendous impact on the metabolome of gastric cells by affecting key metabolic processes, such as cysteine and methionine metabolism, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, glycolysis and TCA cycle. Interestingly, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), methionine, serine, glycine and cysteine were obviously increasing treads after erastin treatment, but S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and GSH were always down-regulated up to 48 h. The results indicated that DNA methylation was activated and glutathione biosynthesis was blocked in erastin-treated MGC-803 gastric cells, highlighting the importance of erastin as a promising drug candidate for in vivo treatment of gastric tumor.
Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: A Case Control Study
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhang Shizhao , Ping Xiangyu , Zhang Zehua , Tang Liheng , He Liyun , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2021

Background: Chronic urticaria is a clinically refractory skin disease with long symptom duration and high recurrence rate. The current research demonstrates that the first-line drugs treated by medicine are the second-generation non-sedation antihistamines. Although the effect is good In the treatment process, the first-line drugs often relapse within a week after withdrawal, which affects the quality of life of patients. Existing studies have shown that acupuncture is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria. This study is a randomized controlled clinical study designed to provide high-quality evidence for the international use of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic urticaria.Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. A total of 60 participants were selected and divided into an acupuncture group and a micro-acupuncture group, with equal numbers in the two groups. The acupuncture group received fixed-point acupuncture treatment, and the micro-acupuncture group received micro-acupuncture treatment (micro-acupuncture at non-acupoints). Patients will receive 4 weeks of treatment, three times per week for a total of 12 treatments. The primary measurement indicator is Urticaria Activity Score (UAS), and the secondary measurement indicators include Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), adverse events. UAS and VAS were assessed before treatment, during treatment, and 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. DLQI was assessed before treatment, in the 4th week of treatment and 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. Then HAMD, HAMA and PSQI were measured before treatment and in the 4th week of treatment. Adverse events will be summarized at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks after randomization.Discussion:This study is a pilot study, and its main purpose is to explore the feasibility and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic urticaria. The research results will help confirm whether acupuncture can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic urticaria, provide evidence that acupuncture can effectively treat chronic urticaria, and provide basic data for further larger-scale experiments.
Metaraminol and Noradrenaline in Septic Shock: A Retrospective Comparison
Authors: Krishnamohan Anirudh , Delaney Anthony , Gillett Mark
Published: September 2021

IntroductionVasopressor use is an important facet of septic shock management, in order to maintain hemodynamic targets and end organ perfusion. Traditionally, Noradrenaline has been the ‘gold standard’ drug of choice for septic shock. Metaraminol is an alternative vasopressor that has been used for septic shock. However, there has been minimal research in comparing the two drugs in septic patients, particularly with regards to total time spent on infusion. ObjectivesTo compare total time spent on either Metaraminol or Noradrenaline infusion by septic shock patients, whilst adjusting for baseline severity of illness. Secondary outcomes included incidence of mechanical ventilation and new requirement of renal replacement therapy, and mortality. MethodsA retrospective medical records review was undertaken, looking at all septic shock patients admitted to ICU in 2019, who received either Metaraminol or Noradrenaline. Data extracted from eRIC (the ICU database) included total time spent on infusion, APACHE III scores, incidence of mechanical ventilation, incidence of renal replacement therapy, and mortality. ResultsOur review yielded 174 patients who were eligible for further statistical analysis (63 in Metaraminol group, and 111 in the Noradrenaline group). The mean duration of infusion in the Metaraminol group was 1655 minutes, and 2663 minutes in the Noradrenaline group. The mean APACHE III Scores were 62 in the Metaraminol group and 77 in the Noradrenaline group. A one-way ANCOVA test found that there was a statistically significant [F(1, 171)=4.511, p=0.035] reduction in time spent on Metaraminol infusion, compared with Noradrenaline, after adjusting for baseline severity of illness by way of APACHE III Score. ConclusionOur study found a statistically significant reduction in time spent on a Metaraminol infusion compared with Noradrenaline by septic shock patients, after controlling for severity of illness. However, due to its retrospective study design, we were unable to account for bias and confounders, such as antibiotic and fluid administration, or clinician preference for one drug over the other. Nevertheless, our study adds to the paucity of literature comparing Metaraminol to Noradrenaline, and paves the way for future randomized trials comparing the two drugs in septic shock.
Biomimetic “Nacre-like” Films Prepared via Layer-by- Layer Self-assembly of Mica, Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polymethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Gao Yining , Liu Peng , Hu Chuanlin , Yang Lu
Published: September 2021

"Mortar" and "brick" structure is a general model to construct nanocomposites. A film with "brick-and-mortar" structure was prepared by LBL (Layer-by-Layer) technique using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the flexible material or "mortar" and mica as the rigid material or "brick". The film deposited on a glass slide after self-assembly cycles was ~3μm thick with an uneven, wavy surface. The film showed enhanced mechanical properties with the hardness and indentation modulus values up to 6.14 GPa and 68.41 GPa, respectively. It was found that the hardness and elastic toughness depended on the ratio of mica, the number of self-assembly cycles, and the pretreatment method of the mica suspension. The self-assembly process was believed to be attributable to the hydrogen bonds between the silanol groups of mica and the hydroxyl groups of PVA and carbonyl groups of PMMA.
Biomolecular Characterization of Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 Isolated from Soil and Chromatographic Analysis of D-serine in its Cellular Fraction
Authors: Kapil Shikha , Bhattu Monika , Kumar Tarun , Sharma Vipasha
Published: September 2021

The bacteria isolated from the pomace dumping soil site (bacteria id A1C1) showed maximum growth (O.D600 = 1.97±0.4 X 109 cells/ml) within 48h in the minimal salt media supplemented with L-serine. The isolated strain was identified as ‘Bacillus tequilensis’ through 16sRNA sequencing. The strain was quantified for D-serine content by using RP-HPLC. The D-serine concentration was calculated as 0.919±0.02 nM in the bacterial cellular fraction by using a standard curve plot and linear curve equation. Further, recovery % was also calculated for the spiked samples which vary from 85-90%. The study’s peculiarity reflects the fact that the isolated strain was explored for the first time to detect the presence of serine enantiomers. The biochemical features also showed 70% similarity to the standard strain Bacillus tequilensis 10bT. The optimum growth parameters were recorded as 37℃±0.5, 150±0.5 RPM, and 7±0.5pH. The strain was Gram-positive and synthesized endospores. Morphological results showed its rod shape, large, irregular, and off-white-coloured colonies. A1C1 was also tested for the production of secondary metabolites and enzymes. A1C1 showed positive results for indole production, lactose fermentation, protease, and gelatinase whereas, negative results for catalase, MR-VP, citrate utilization, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase. Further, the strain was assayed for PGPR attributes and showed a negative phosphate solubilization index and IAA production. The antibacterial assay showed 5% and 2% efficacy of the extracellular fraction against MTCC 40 and MTCC 11949 respectively. These results demonstrate that Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 has antibacterial activity, the potential to secrete extracellular enzymes, and D-serine content in the intracellular fraction of the cultivated cells.
Impact of a Simulation-Based Training on Self Assessed Nursing Performance in Anaphylactic Shock Management: A Pre-Post Educational Intervention Study
Authors: Ren Qi , Chen Fang , Zhang Huijuan , Tu Juanhua , Xu Xiaowei , Liu Caixia
Published: September 2021

Background: The New Nurses who lack the ability to recognize and manage anaphylactic shock can endanger the patients. In this study, we explored the effect of a simulated scenario designed to improve nurses’ understanding of their roles and responsibilities during the rescue of a patient with anaphylactic shock.Methods: The program of a simulation-based training was designed to teach learners to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock, place the patient in the correct position, stop ongoing intravenous infusion of the antibiotic which trigger the anaphylactic shock, restart an intravenous infusion on a new infusion apparatus, give 100% oxygen via a nasal cannula or mask, preserve airway patency, call the rapid response team (RRT), and correctly administer the medications prescribed by the clinician. Instructors evaluated each learner’s skills and behaviors by using a clinical competency questionnaire. All learners then completed the Chinese version of the Simulation Design Scale (SDS) and participated in semi-structured interviews with their instructors after the training.Results: All learners showed significant improvements in the 6 competencies assessed by the clinical competency questionnaire after the simulation-based training (all P<0.001). Scores on the SDS revealed that the learners were highly satisfied with all aspects of the simulation-based training (the 20 satisfaction rates were all above 90.00%). During the semi-structured interviews, new graduated nurses reported that simulation-based training in the management of anaphylactic shock was extremely important and would guide them in clinical practice.Conclusions: The simulation-based training in anaphylactic shock is a potentially viable and effective method to teach new registered nurses to manage clinical incidents.
Coping with catastrophe: contributing to food security through crop diversity and crop production in Tigray National Regional State in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Wilson R Trevor
Published: September 2021

Tigray, the most northerly of Ethiopia’s ethnic based Regional States, covers an area of 53 386 km sq and has a population exceeding 5.17 million of whom some 24.3% are urban dwellers. Wide agroclimatic variations result from altitudinal differences (600–3000 + meters) and rainfall patterns. The area is a center of origin of many cultivated and wild plants. The mainly agricultural rural population, farming small areas of non-contiguous plots, makes wide use of these conditions to ensure its livelihood. Crops grown include ten species of cereals, seven pulses legumes), six oilseeds, and numerous fruits, vegetables and spices. Within these groups and species several varieties or landraces are recognized and used to advantage. Wild species are exploited for food, especially at times of crop failure, and for medicines. Crop production is beset by many biotic (weeds, pests, diseases), abiotic (infertile soils) and anthropic (government policy, civil strife, military actions) constraints. Drought is a frequent occurrence and leads to crop failure and famine. In normal times crop yield are low but some of the production is marketed to provide cash for other necessities. Tigray’s population is poverty stricken and often in need of food aid.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Corrosion Behavior of Ni-Zn Electrophosphate Coating on Galvanized Steel and Gene Expression Programming Models
Authors: Zeraati Malihe , Chauhan Narendra Pal Singh , Sargazi Ghasem
Published: September 2021

Zn–Ni electrophosphate coating is one of the most commonly used materials in industrial applications. Corrosion resistance of this coating is very important in order to achieve the minimum corrosion current of the Zn–Ni electrophosphate coating. This paper described a new reliability simulation framework to determine the corrosion behavior of coating using gene artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate the corrosion current of the coating. The input parameters of the model are temperature, pH of electroplating bath, current density and Ni2+ concentration and corrosion current defines as output. The effectiveness and accuracy of the model was checked by utilizing absolute fraction of variance (R2=0.9999), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE=0.0171) and root mean square error (RMSE= 0.0002). The determined using genetic algorithm (GA) and the optimum practice condition are proposed.
Development of Simple Measurement Device to Measure Spasticity Based on an Analysis of Clinical Maneuver and Its Concurrent Validity With Modified Ashworth Scale
Authors: Tanikawa Hiroki , Mukaino Masahiko , Itoh Shota , Kondoh Hikaru , Fujimura Kenta , Teranishi Toshio , Ohtuska Kei , Hirano Satoshi , Kagaya Hitoshi , Saitoh Eiichi , Otaka Yohei
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDespite recent developments in the methodology for measuring spasticity, the discriminative capacity of clinically diagnosed spasticity has not been well established. This study aimed to develop a simple device for measuring velocity-dependent spasticity with improved discriminative capacity based on an analysis of clinical maneuver and to examine its reliability and validity.MethodsThis study consisted of three experiments. First, to determine the appropriate motion of a mechanical device for the measurement of velocity-dependent spasticity, the movement pattern and the angular velocity that the clinicians use in evaluating velocity-dependent spasticity were investigated. Analysis of the procedures performed by six physical therapists in evaluating spasticity were conducted using an electrogoniometer. Second, a device for measuring the resistance force against ankle dorsiflexion was developed based on the investigation in the first experiment. Additionally, preliminary testing of validity, as compared to that of the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), was conducted on 17 healthy participants and 10 patients who had stroke with spasticity. Third, the reliability of measurement and the concurrent validity of mechanical measurement in the best ankle velocity setting were further tested in a larger sample comprising 24 healthy participants and 32 patients with stroke.ResultsThe average angular velocity used by physical therapists to assess spasticity was 268±77°/s. A device that enabled the measurement of resistance force at velocities of 300°/s, 150°/s, 100°/s, and 5°/s was developed. Based on the analysis of clinical procedures, a stretching motion prior to measurement was added. In the measurement, an angular velocity of 300°/s was found to best distinguish patients with spasticity (MAS of 1+ and 2) from healthy individuals. A measurement of 300°/s in the larger sample differentiated the control group from the MAS 1, 1+, and 2 subgroups (p<0.01), as well as the MAS 1 and 2 subgroups (p<0.05). No fixed or proportional bias was observed in repeated measurements.ConclusionsA simple mechanical measurement device was developed based on the analysis of clinical maneuver for measuring spasticity and was shown to be valid in differentiating the existence and extent of spasticity.Trial registrationUMIN000026305, date of registration: 25 February 2017; jRCTs042180044, date of registration: 21 November 2018; UMIN000040472, date of registration: 21 May 2020.
The impact of complete blood count-derived inflammatory markers on survival in patients with localized renal cell cancer treated with partial or radical nephrectomy – a single center retrospective study
Authors: Zapała Łukasz , Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Garbas Karolina , Mielczarek Łukasz , Ślusarczyk Cezary , Zapała Piotr , Wróbel Andrzej , Radziszewski Piotr
Published: September 2021

BackroundSeveral hematological markers of systemic inflammation were reported as prognostic in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to re-evaluate the prognostic significance of clinicopathologic features and compare the predictive value of different inflammatory markers in RCC.MethodsFour hundred ninety-five patients treated with nephrectomy for primary localized or locally advanced RCC were included in the retrospective analysis. The median follow-up was 48 months.ResultsPatients with higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil/erythrocyte ratio (NER), derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), and lower lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) and hemoglobin/platelet ratio (HPR) had worse cancer-specific survival (CSS). In the multivariate analysis tumour stage, grade, age and high SIRI constituted independent factors predicting CSS. The model including SIRI values achieved C-index 0.903. Alternative multivariate models that included SII and NLR were characterized by comparable C-indexes i.e. 0.902 and 0.890, respectively. Different inflammatory markers could not be utilized in a single model, as they show a strong correlation with one other (SII, SIRI and NLR), and seem to provide similar prognostic information. Tumour grade and diameter were independent predictors for recurrence-free survival, whereas age, tumour grade and high NER (or high SIRI/ SII in alternative models) were prognostic for overall survival.ConclusionsMarkers of systemic inflammation might provide additional prognostic information (especially SIRI, SII, NLR and NER) and further increase the predictive accuracy of already available models in localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Clinicopathological features (stage, grade and age) remain the most important prognostic factors for oncological outcomes in RCC patients treated with nephrectomy. For the first time, we show the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-erythrocyte ratio, which constitutes an independent risk factor of overall survival.Trial registrationnot applicable
Kechuangping Mixture Inhibits LPS‑induced Macrophage Immune Response Through Suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signal Pathway
Authors: Lyu Shuang , Liangtao Luo , Yang Aijun , Yang Lijun , Cui Hong
Published: September 2021

Background: Kechuangping mixture (KCPM) based on Maxingshigan decoction has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, especially for asthmatic pneumonia. This study explored the effects of KCPM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage immune response and the molecular mechanism involved. Methods: CCK-8 assays was used to detect the effect of KCPM on cell viability. The RAW 264.7 macrophages were divided into four groups: blank, LPS, KCPM, LPS+KCPM. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the secretion of inflammatory factors and the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathways with or without KCPM stimulation. Results: KCPM inhibited the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS. The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α induced by LPS was decreased by pre-treatment with KCPM. While, treatment with KCPM advanced, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β increased significantly. Additionally, KCPM exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the expression of iNOS and a promotive effect on the expression of Arg-1. Moreover, KCPM clearly suppressed the transcription level of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB signal pathways.Conclusion: KCPM promoted the macrophages polarization toward to M2 phenotype, as a result, limited the macrophage immune response. TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathways may play an important role in this process.
Preparation of Borneol Angelica Polysaccharide Liposomes and Study Evaluation of Its Anti-Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inflammatory Reaction
Authors: Wang Ke , He Lin Qin , Yang Xiao Yu , Huang Hai Hong , Liu Wen Long , Xiao Chen , Du Ze Xuan , ding huang , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2021

Objective To prepare borneol angelica polysaccharide liposomes (BAPLs) with distinct characteristics in Chinese and Western medicine, to explore their effects on anti-cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inflammatory reactions and to explain their mechanism. Methods Under the guidance of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, a new dosage form of nanoliposomes was selected to prepare BAPL by the thin film dispersion ultrasonic method. The effects of angelica polysaccharide (AP), lecithin, cholesterol and ultrasonication time on encapsulation efficiency were investigated. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of TLR-4, NF-κBp65, ZO-1, ZO-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Results As the mass ratio of lecithin to cholesterol (X1), the mass of angelica polysaccharide (X2) and the interaction between X1 and X2 (X1X2) were used as investigation factors, the fitting equation between encapsulation efficiency Y and X was Y=0.307-0.153X1+0.026 X2+0.006X12-0.000301 X22+0.002X1X2 (P＜0.05). The best ultrasonication time was 15 min, the highest encapsulation efficiency was 80.4%, the particle size was 179.1 nm, and the surface zeta potential was -17.2 mV. In BAPL group, the infarct volume of TTC staining was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression levels of NF-κBp65, TLR-4, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β in brain tissue were significantly decreased (P＜0.05), while the expression levels of ZO-1, ZO-2, IL-10 were significantly increased (P＜0.05). Conclusion BAPL has high encapsulation efficiency, small particle size and stable properties and can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammatory reactions, downregulating inflammatory reaction signaling pathways and protecting the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
Superinfections in critically ill COVID-19 patients - an association with Dexamethasone?
Authors: Sovik Signe , Barrat-Due Andreas , Kasine Trine , Olasveengen Theresa , Strand Marianne Wigernes , Tveita Anders Aune , Berdal Jan Erik , Lehre Martin Andreas , Lorentsen Torleif , Heggelund Lars , Stenstad Tore , Ringstad Jetmund , Müller Fredrik , Aukrust Pål , Holter Jan Cato , Nordoy Ingvild
Published: September 2021

BacgroundSuper-infections in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on mechanical ventilation were initially reported to be rare. Little is known of their incidence after dexamethasone was introduced as standard care. We aimed to determine the incidence and characteristics of superinfections in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and explore the possible impact of the introduction of dexamethasone as standard therapy. MethodsIn this national, multi-center, observational, retrospective study we included patients ≥ 18 years admitted from March 1 st 2020 to January 31 st 2021 with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARSCoV-2 infection treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. Data was collected from electronic health records. Patient characteristics, clinical findings, microbiology, length of stay and 90-day survival were examined with backwards stepwise multiple regression. Results155 patients (115 men, mean age 62 years, range 26-84 years) were included. 73 patients (47%) had a total of 101 superinfections where pneumonia dominated (70%). Superinfections were more commonly observed in patients receiving dexamethasone (67% vs 30%, p<0.0001), and in patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease (18% vs 5%, p<0.01). Invasive fungal infections were reported exclusively in dexamethasone-treated patients [9/72 (13%) vs 0/83 (0%), p<0.0001]. There was no difference in 90-day survival between patients with and patients without superinfections (64% versus 73%, p=0.238). In multiple regression analysis, superinfection was associated with dexamethasone use [OR 5.35 (2.62–11.35), p<0.001], pre-existing autoimmune disease [OR 4.90 (1.50–19.4), p=0.008] and higher lymphocyte count at the time of admission [OR 2.31 (1.23–4.86), p=0.009]. ConclusionIn critically ill COVID-19 patients receiving invasive ventilation, introduction of dexamethasone as standard of care was strongly and independently associated with superinfections. A focus on this complication is warranted when studying alternative anti-inflammatory therapy.
Study on Reinforced Modification of Polylactic Acid by New Hyperbranched Polyamide
Authors: Sun Jianjian , Huang Yansong , Jin Yu juan , Wang Lu , Tian Huafeng
Published: September 2021

In order to achieve enhanced physical performance of polylactic acid (PLA), the hyperbranched polyamide (HBPA) was synthesized by "one-step" as raw materials, and added as a modifier to the PLA matrix. The HBPA/PLA blend was prepared through the twin screw extrusion process and the injection molding process. The results showed that, compared with pure PLA, the tensile strength of HBPA/PLA blends increased by 41.8% while the elongation at break and the impact strength basically unchanged. The addition of HBPA does not affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization of PLA significantly, but can improve the thermal deformation temperature of PLA. HBPA acted as a nucleant for PLA during iso-temperature crystallization. HBPA could form hydrogen bonds and chemical crosslinks with PLA, thus exhibits excellent reinforcing effect for PLA.
Usefulness of patency capsule prior to small-bowel capsule endoscopy in clinical practice: Validity of the modified method of patency judgement
Authors: Miyazu Takahiro , Osawa Satoshi , Tamura Satoshi , Tani Shinya , Ishida Natsuki , Matsuura Tomoharu , Yamade Mihoko , Iwaizumi Moriya , Hamaya Yasushi , Furuta Takahisa , Sugimoto Ken
Published: September 2021

In 2012, Japan approved the use of a tag-less patency capsule (PC), which evaluates gastrointestinal patency before small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). This study aimed to evaluate the validity of our modification on the passage criteria for this PC in clinical practice. We retrospectively enrolled 326 consecutive patients who underwent PC examination before SBCE. If X-ray could not reveal the PC in the body during the judgement time (30–33 h after ingestion), we defined it as ‘estimated patency’ and performed SBCE. We employed plain computed tomography (CT) for the second judgement, as needed. The overall patency rate was 95.1%. By X-ray, 41 (12.6%) patients were judged to have ‘estimated patency’, and SBCE could be safely performed. Plain CT judgement was necessary in 32.5%. One PC case had a residual coating film associated with stenosis in a patient with Crohn’s disease (CD), and one (0.3%) SBCE case had capsule retention resulting from false CT judgement. Multivariate analysis revealed that established CD and inpatient were factors related to patency loss. In conclusion, PC is useful for examining gastrointestinal patency, keeping in mind CT misjudgement. If PC was not found in the body via X-ray, performing SBCE as ‘estimated patency’ seemed appropriate.
Feature-vector for the MeanShift
Authors:   Tomsk State University (NS TSU), Shaposhnikov A. I.
Published: September 2021

The article gives the description of the feature vector, which is suitable for the MeanShift procedure, uses all the color information of the RGB24 format and has a dimension exceeding only 1.5 times the dimension of the smallest 512-dimensional vector used for the Kernel Based Object Tracking procedure. For the described feature vector, a function of similarity of two elliptical areas of the frame is built. For the similarity function, formulas are found for the gradient vector - the mean shift vector, which indicates the direction of the growth of similarity in four-dimensional space of all elliptical regions covering the object in the frame. Knowing the greatest value of the similarity function of two elliptical regions, the length of the displacement vector in the four dimensional space of all elliptical regions was found. To this vector the previous point in space must be moved at the current moment, i.e. the values of the coordinates of the center and the dimensions of the ellipse, in order to obtain the best similarity of the current elliptical area from the previous one. Finally, so as to implement Kernel Based Object Tracking, an algorithm of successive iterations (Newton's method) has been developed, which allows finding the parameters of the ellipse that really has the best similarity. The experiments were carried out and their results were presented and discussed
Software Architecture of the Distributed System for Transport Monitoring and Control
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (NI TPU), Igumnov A. O.
Published: September 2021

The features of some systems for transport monitoring and control are considered. A technique to build a unified platform is proposed. The functional modules of general purpose that could be used to build the platform are given. The interface of intermodular interaction is described, which ensures the compliance with principles of building distributed systems
Kinetics of diatrizoate degradation by ozone and the formation of disinfection by-products in the sequential chlorination
Authors: Hu Chen-Yan , Ren Si-Cheng , Lin Yi-Li , Zhang Ji-Chen , Zhu Ye-Ye , Xiong Cun , Wang Qiang-Bin
Published: September 2021

In this study, we studied the degradation kinetics of a common iodine contrast agent, diatrizoate, by ozone and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the sequential chlorination. Effects of ozone concentration, solution pH, and bromide concentration on diatrizoate degradation were evaluated. The results indicate that diatrizoate can be effectively degraded (over 80% within 1 h) by ozone, and the degradation kinetics can be well described using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) of diatrizoate degradation significantly increased with increasing ozone concentration and decreasing bromide concentration. The kobs kept increasing with the increase of pH value and reached a maximum of 6.5 (±0.05) × 10−2 min−1 at pH 9. As the ozone concentration gradually increased from 0.342 to 1.316 mg/L, the corresponding kobs of diatrizoate degradation increased from 1.76 (±0.20) × 10−3 to 4.22 (±0.3) × 10−2 min−1. The bromide concentration exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on diatrizoate degradation because of the competition for ozone with diatrizoate. Trichloromethane was the only detected DBP in the subsequent chlorination in the absence of bromide. However, in the presence of bromide, six other DBPs were detected, and bromochloroiodomethane and tribromomethane became the major products with concentrations 1–2 orders higher than those of the other DBPs. In order to provide safe drinking water to the public, water should be maintained at circumneutral pH values and low bromine concentrations (<5 μM) before reaching the chlorine disinfection process to effectively control the formation of DBPs.
Renal resistivity index as an aid in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in bitches with pyometra
Authors: Alves Aline de Sousa , Henrique Fernanda Vieira , Araújo Sabrina Barros , Alencar Dayanny de Sousa , Melo Higina Moreira , Oliveira Ermano Lucena de , Silva Rosangela Maria Nunes da , Souza Almir Pereira de
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the renal function of six bitches of various breeds and ages, with open pyometra, attended in the Small Animal Medical Clinic sector of the Veterinary Hospital from Federal University of Campina Grande, through the measurement of laboratory tests: urea and creatinine serum, dosage of the urinary Protein-Creatinine Ratio (PCR), urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and determination of the renal resistivity index (RI). The levels of urea and creatinine were elevated in 16.6% (1/6) of the female dogs; the urinary protein-creatinine ratio was increased in 66.6% (4/6), while the urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase value was elevated in 50% (3/6). The renal resistivity index was increased in the right and left kidneys by 66.6% (4/6) of bitches, with no statistical difference between them. It was concluded that the renal resistivity index was a practical and effective method to assist in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury, along with other early markers, such as PCR and urinary GGT.
Physico-chemical aspects and sedimentcopy of urine of pregnant sows produced in an intensive system
Authors: Silva Viviane Keller Oliveira , Cruz Ana Claudia de Menezes , Rizzo Suzane Therezinha Dineli , Vasconcelos Thereza Christina de , Knackfuss Fabiana Batalha , Silveira Renato Luiz
Published: September 2021

The impact of pig farming on the worldwide economy causes production to be directed at an industrial scale, requiring the control of diseases that affect economic performance. Urinary infection (UI), for example, has a high prevalence in current production systems, causing economic losses due to the predisposition to reproductive failures, leading to an increase in disposal of sows and replacement rates. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and possible changes in the urine sediment examination of pregnant sows to survey changes compatible with inflammation of the lower urinary tract. The samples were collected, randomly, from 43 sows of commercial genetic lineage, in different stages of gestation, and that belonged to a pig farm located in Guapimirim-RJ. The pig farm’s herd consisted of 200 sows, 90 of which were in the gestation phase. The samples were collected by spontaneous urination, using the first morning urine, before feeding, which happened around 7 am. The presence of UTI was identified in 12 of the 43 sows analyzed, with 21.5% of the herd being evaluated. A prevalence of 27.9% was observed with animals showing compatible UTI changes. This data was considered severe. The urine sediment examination is the best way to diagnose UTI with sedimentcopy being the most conclusive part. Despite this, it is necessary to relate the laboratory data with the zootechnical management used, as well as the environmental conditions.
Recent Advances in Robot Trajectory Planning in a Dynamic Environment
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Shu Rongzijun , Li Guangsen
Published: September 2021

Background:

Trajectory planning is important to research in robotics. As the
application environment changes rapidly, robot trajectory planning in a static environment can no
longer meet actual needs. Therefore, a lot of research has turned to robot trajectory planning in a
dynamic environment.

Objective:

This paper aims at providing references for researchers from related fields by
reviewing recent advances in robot trajectory planning in a dynamic environment.

Methods:

This paper reviews the latest patents and current representative articles related to robot
trajectory planning in a dynamic environment and introduces some key methods of references
from the aspects of algorithm, innovation and principle.

Results:

In this paper, we classified the researches related to robot trajectory planning in a
dynamic environment in the last 10 years, introduced and analyzed the advantages of different
algorithms in these patents and articles, and the future developments and potential problems in
this field are discussed.

Conclusion:

Trajectory planning in a dynamic environment can help robots to accomplish tasks
in a complex environment, improving robots’ intelligence, work efficiency and adaptability to
the environment. Current research focuses on dynamic obstacle avoidance, parameter
optimization, real-time planning, and efficient work, which can be used to solve robot trajectory
planning in a dynamic environment. In terms of the combination of multiple algorithms, multisensor
information fusion, the combination of local planning and global planning, and multirobot
and multi-task collaboration, more improvements and innovations are needed. It should
create more patents on robot trajectory planning in a dynamic environment.
Patent Insight into the Development of Therapeutic Strategies against Coronaviruses
Authors: Zhang Hai-Long , Zhou Ai-Feng , Li Yiqian
Published: September 2021

Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses, which cause diseases in humans. The emergence of COVID-19, has caused a global pandemic. It is focused on developing an effective therapeutic strategy against COVID-19. To better understand the development and evolution of therapeutic strategies against coronaviruses, we conducted US granted patents analysis. The results showed vaccines played a leading role in therapies against coronaviruses. Both attenuated vaccines and recombinant genetic vaccines were very important approaches in vaccine development against coronaviruses. It is not a rapid approach to develop peptide drugs against COVID-19 or future novel coronaviruses. The study was the first one to show the development and evolution in therapeutic strategies against coronaviruses based on patent insight. The present study provides a new insight into the development of therapeutic strategies against coronaviruses.