bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprovechamiento de tallos de Cannabis sativa por pretratamiento termoquímico e hidrólisis enzimática
Authors: Pérez Aguilar Juan Alejandro , Benítez Benítez Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Cannabis sativa es una planta ampliamente utilizada en Colombia para propósitos medicinales, para lo que se usa su flor, generando altas cantidades de tallos residuales. En este estudio, tallos de Cannabis se pretrataron con ácido sulfúrico o hidróxido de sodio diluido y su efecto se analizó por espectroscopía de infrarrojo (FTIR-ATR). Los sólidos remanentes se llevaron a hidrólisis enzimática usando dos mezclas enzimáticas comerciales: Celluclast 1.5 L y Cellic CTec3; se hizo seguimiento a la producción de azúcares reductores. Los pretratamientos removieron hemicelulosa y lignina, evidenciado por la reducción en las señales en 1734, 1540 y 1240 cm-1. También ocasionaron un incremento en la cristalinidad de la celulosa. Ambos pretratamientos lograron aumentar la producción de azúcares en la hidrólisis con las dos enzimas trabajadas. Aunque el pretratamiento alcalino fue mucho más efectivo que el ácido y permitió producir hasta 28.59 mg/mL de azúcares con Celluclast 1.5 L y 24.94 mg/mL con Cellic CTec3. El mezclar estas enzimas, usarlas de forma secuencial, o incrementar la carga enzimática no tuvo un efecto sobre la concentración final de azúcares alcanzada.
Pez Cebra (Danio Rerio) Como Modelo In Vivo Para Estudios De Genotoxicidad: Evaluación De Inestabilidad Cromosómica Numérica
Authors: Rodríguez Sosa Natalia , Jaramillo García Diego F , Sánchez Espejo Ángel Iván , Salazar Salazar Marleny , Rondón Lagos Sandra Milena
Published: October 2024

Las actividades agrícolas, pecuarias y piscícolas que se desarrollan en Colombia han contribuido a la contaminación actual de las fuentes hídricas con plaguicidas, siendo este un problema ambiental en constante ascenso. Una de las fuentes hídricas con una alta tasa de contaminación es el lago Tota. Este lago ha sido catalogado como uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados del planeta por la red mundial de humedales. A pesar de los problemas ambientales que representa la contaminación de las fuentes hídricas en el país, existen muy pocos estudios que investiguen el daño citogenético generado por la exposición a agentes tóxicos. A este respecto, un modelo biológico óptimo para la evaluación de los efectos genotóxicos por la exposición ocupacional o ambiental a plaguicidas lo constituye el pez cebra, debido a su sensibilidad a los contaminantes, sensibilidad evidenciada por el daño al material cromosómico. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación fue estandarizar técnicas de citogenética de bandas (Bandeo GTG) y de citogenética molecular (Hibridación In Situ por Fluorescencia - FISH), para su aplicación en estudios de genotoxicidad utilizando como modelo in vivo, larvas de pez cebra (Danio rerio). El desarrollo de este estudio permitió la estandarización de la técnica de Bandeo GTG para el conteo de cromosomas en larvas de pez cebra, así como la estandarización de la técnica FISH, importante en la evaluación de la inestabilidad cromosómica. La estandarización de técnicas de citogenética de bandas y de citogenética molecular en pez cebra, se constituye como una herramienta muy importante para la aplicación de modelos de estudio in vivo que permitan evaluar el daño cromosómico generado por la exposición a agentes genotóxicos, incluidos los plaguicidas.
Potencial de remoción de Cromo en procesos de curtiembre mediante filtración con suelos diatomáceos.
Authors: Desarrollo Ciencia en
Published: October 2024

El problema de la utilización de cromo en la industria del cuero para estabilizar la piel animal, está relacionado con los procesos de contaminación asociados, especialmente aquellos referentes con la descarga de aguas a nacimientos de ríos. Esto, debido a su alta toxicidad, sumado a las complicaciones de remoción de este metal pesado desde los líquidos. Debido a su gran área superficial y alta porosidad, los suelos de diatomeas pueden ser una buena alternativa como barrera filtrante en la captura de residuos de cromo. Esta investigación analizó y trató agua contaminada obtenida desde una fábrica curtiembre ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá.               Como material filtrante se utilizaron suelos diatomáceos de Estados Unidos y Colombia. El suelo norteamericano es de tipo multiespecie, mientras que el suelo colombiano se compone únicamente de la especie Aulacoseira Granulata. El medio filtrante consiste en capas de tierra de diatomeas secas, de espesor variable, con y sin activación térmica, instaladas dentro de una cámara presurizada. Como conclusión, todas las probetas arrojaron porcentajes de eliminación de cromo. Los filtros de origen colombiano reportaron una mayor capacidad de remoción de Cr. Se redujo la acidez y la conductividad del agua, respecto de la muestra original.
DISEÑO DE UN MODELO CORRELACIONAL PARA CUANTIFICAR VARIABLES FISICOQUÍMICAS A PARTIR DE TÉCNICAS DE ESPECTRORADIOMETRÍA EN CUERPOS DE AGUA. CASO DE ESTUDIO RIO CUJA CUNDINAMARCA COLOMBIA
Authors: AVILA VELEZ EDIER FERNANDO
Published: October 2024

La calidad del agua es un tema critico en la gestión ambiental, y en este sentido, la teledetección ha adquirido un papel relevante como una herramienta de evaluación altamente efectiva. Con su capacidad para obtener datos de manera remota y a gran escala, la teledetección se presenta como una solución innovadora y confiable para monitorear y analizar la contaminación en cuerpos de agua dulce de forma cada vez más precisa y oportuna. En esta investigación se analizó la correlación entre variables fisicoquímicas y datos obtenidos mediante espectro-radiometría de campo. Las variables fueron conductividad, pH, sólidos suspendidos totales (TSS), Demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), nitratos y fosfatos, tomados en cuatro puntos diferentes de la cuenca del rio Cuja. Se capturaron 70 firmas espectrales, utilizando el espectro radiómetro de mano ASD FieldSpec HandHeld 2. Utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y el coeficiente de determinación R-cuadrado, se analizaron los datos de entrada en modelos de regresión con un nivel de confiabilidad del 95%, mostrando una fuerte correlación entre las variables pH del agua con un nivel de determinación del 92% y la longitud de onda del espectro visible de 400 nm. Asimismo, se determinó que la longitud de onda 822 nm en el rango de los infrarrojos, es altamente efectiva para medir los niveles de nitratos con un coeficiente de determinación del 90%, mientras que las longitudes de onda 760 nm del borde rojo y 393nm del azul visible fueron adecuadas para medir los fosfatos y los sólidos suspendidos con coeficientes del 86% y 82%, respectivamente. Sin embargo, las variables de conductividad y demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) presentaron coeficientes de determinación más bajos y coeficientes de correlación de Pearson de 82% y 77% respectivamente. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la espectroradiometría de campo es una valiosa aliada en la medición de parámetros fisicoquímicos en la calidad del agua.
SIDERÓFOROS DE RIZOBACTERIAS Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA BIORREMEDIACIÓN
Authors: Galvis Serrano Néstor Fabián
Published: October 2024

La contaminación del suelo por metales tóxicos reduce la producción agrícola y la calidad de los alimentos. La biorremediación es una alternativa para la recuperación de suelos contaminados, mediado por rizobacterias que cuentan con diferentes mecanismos, como la producción de sideróforos, para contrarrestar la toxicidad de los metales pesados. Los sideróforos son pequeñas moléculas orgánicas quelantes de hierro, que es un elemento esencial para la vida de todos los organismos y es requerido en diferentes procesos celulares. El conocimiento sobre los mecanismos de síntesis de los sideróforos y su potencial efecto en la biorremediación es fundamental para la implementación de alternativas ecológicas para reducir los efectos adversos ocasionados por el uso de químicos. En esta revisión se describe las clases, síntesis, transporte y regulación de los sideróforos; también se presenta los principales hallazgos relacionados con el uso de rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) productores de sideróforos en la biorremediación de ambientes contaminados, con el fin de consolidar información para el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas sostenibles en la reducción del impacto negativo de los metales tóxicos en la producción agrícola.
Application of the PBL Model with Multimedia in Improving Class IV Social and Science Learning Result at SDN Nglanduk 2
Authors: Salma Pigi Taqiyyah Anisah , Ambarwati Rosita , Istikomah Nur
Published: October 2024

Teachers still face various challenges in implementing learning in the classroom. Some of them are students who are less active, lack of use of technology, lack of use of concrete objects, and students' social and science learning outcomes that have not yet reached the criteria for achieving learning objectives. The research entitled "Application of the PBL Model with Multimedia in Improving Class IV Social and Science Learning Result at SDN Nglanduk 2" aims to describe the steps for implementing the PBL model with multimedia in improving Class IV Social and Science learning result and identify whether the PBL model with multimedia can improve learning result class IV. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is a learning model whose application uses concrete problems to develop problem solving and critical thinking skills so that it can improve student learning outcomes. Multimedia can attract students' attention and make learning more enjoyable. This research was carried out at SDN Nglanduk 2. The classroom action research procedure used refers to the Action Research methodology, namely 1) Planning, 2) Action (Implementation of Action), 3) Observation (Observation), 4) Reflection (Reflection), which is carried out in 2 cycles. Learning evaluation is carried out after the material is presented to find out to what extent students can understand the material being taught. The evaluation results show that there is an increase in learning outcomes, namely in cycle I it was 40%, up 20% to 60% and cycle II, namely 60%, up 40% to 100%. From this Classroom Action research it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with multimedia can improve social and science learning for class IV at SDN Nglanduk 2.
An Effective Method for Reproducing the Flow of a Gas-Liquid Mixture Using a Flow Standard
Authors: Kudusov D. I. , Levin K. A. , Malyshev S. L.
Published: October 2024

The appearance on the market of measuring equipment of multiphase flowmeters used in the oil and gas industry to measure the amount of extracted hydrocarbons directly at wells without preliminary separation and performing the function of operational accounting raised the question of their metrological support in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents of the sphere of state regulation in this field of measurements. His decision was to create a reference base, the basis of which was the State primary special standard for units of mass flow of gas-liquid mixtures GET 195-2011 and a verification scheme for measuring multiphase flow rates, regulated by GOST 8.637-2013. When transmitting units of volume and mass flow of a multiphase mixture with the required accuracy, the main problem is the difficulty of reproducing and maintaining stability of several flow parameters at once – mass flow and content of liquid components (water and oil simulator) and volume flow of the gas phase. It should also be borne in mind that test programs for the purpose of approving the type of multiphase flow measuring instruments, as well as verification and calibration methods, provide for changing the modes of reproduction of a gas-liquid mixture, covering the measurement ranges of multiphase flowmeters. Such standards used in practice represent a very complex measuring system consisting of storage tanks for components, supply pumping and compressor units, control equipment, mixers and separators, measuring instruments for the physical parameters of multiphase flow components and an automated control system. Given the high cost of multiphase standards, when creating them, effective methods and methods should be used to reproduce the flow of a multiphase mixture with specified parameters, as well as to make a fairly rapid transition to the next mode provided by the program or methodology, which will reduce the time and production costs for the procedure of transferring units of measurement from the standard to the working measuring instrument. This article describes a method for reproducing the flow rate of a gas-liquid mixture according to the original technological scheme introduced during the development of the 1st category standard. Constructive solutions are presented that increase the efficiency of the liquid component separation apparatus to increase the dosing accuracy, as well as expand the range of reproduction of the flow rate and parameters of the multiphase flow, ensuring the consistency of the composition of the liquid mixture at a given regime. An original rational method of compressing and maintaining the pressure of the gas phase is described, which allows you to quickly switch to the next mode, confirmed by the results of experimental studies of the standard.
Reference Material for the Composition of Fuel Oil
Authors: Cherkashina K. D. , Godunov P. A. , Bogdanova P. D. , Virki D. A. , Bulatov A. V.
Published: October 2024

Electrical transformers are a key element in the process of distributing electricity from the producer to the final consumer. The reliability of electrical transformers is ensured through systematic monitoring of the structural condition using chemical analysis of fuel (transformer) oil used for electrical insulation and cooling of transformers. The working life of energy oil and paper insulation can be assessed by evaluating the content of antioxidant additive (ionol) and furan derivatives (furfuryl alcohol, furfural, 2-acetylfuran and 5-methylfurfural). The article provides a critical analysis of methods for measuring ionol and furan derivatives in oils. In particular, it has been established that the most widely used methods for the identification of ionol and furan derivatives are liquid and gas chromatography methods with preliminary isolation of analytes based on the principles of liquid/solid-phase extraction. At the same time, the need for matrix reference materials with established metrological traceability was identified for metrological support of methods for measuring the content of ionol and furan derivatives in oils.

   Therefore, the purpose of this study was the development of a certified reference material (CRM) for the composition of fuel oil.

   The technology for producing such a CRM makes it possible to prepare the material with the required concentrations of analytes. The article describes the sequence of preparation of a CRM batch and presents the conclusions of studying the stability and between-bottle homogeneity of the material. The given calculation of the standard uncertainty for the certified value of the CRM from the characterization method, heterogeneity, and instability of the material in accordance with GOST ISO Guide 35–2015 deserves attention. The metrological traceability of certified values of the CRM to the unit of value «mass fraction of a component» reproduced by the State Primary Standard of units of mass (molar) fraction and mass (molar) concentration of organic components in liquid and solid substances and materials based on liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotope dilution and gravimetry (GET 208–2019). The competence of the study is confirmed by the fact that the CRM was recognized as GSO 12232–2023.
Brain functional abnormality in drug naïve adolescents with borderline personality disorder during self- and other-reflection
Authors: Salgado-Pineda Pilar , Ferrer Marc , Calvo Natalia , Duque-Yemail Juan , Costa Xavier , Rué Alex , Perez-Rodriguez Violeta , Ramos-Quiroga J Antoni , Veciana-Verdaguer Cristina , Fuentes-Claramonte Paola , Salvador Raymond , McKenna Peter , Pomarol Edith
Published: October 2024

A disturbed sense of identity is one of the major features of borderline personality disorder (BPD), which manifests early in the course of the disorder, and is potentially examinable using functional imaging during tasks involving self-reflection. Twenty-seven medication-naïve adolescent female patients with BPD, who had no psychiatric comorbidities, and 28 matched healthy female controls underwent fMRI while answering questions about themselves or an acquaintance. Control conditions consisted of answering questions involving factual knowledge and a low-level baseline (cross-fixation). When self-reflection was compared to fact processing, BPD patients exhibited reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), as well as in the left parietal and calcarine cortex and the right precuneus. In contrast, other-reflection was associated with relatively lower activation in the medial frontal cortex in BPD patients, with further analysis revealing that this change reflected a failure of de-activation during the fact processing condition. There were no differences between the BPD patients and controls when self- and other-processing was examined against low-level baseline. This study provides evidence of reduced DLPFC activation during self-reflection in adolescent females with BPD, which may reflect diminished top-down cognitive control of this process in the disorder.
Genetic and Clinical Characteristics of Japanese Cystinuria with Exon and Exon-Intron Boundary Variants
Authors: Sakamoto Shinichi , Naya Yukio , Rii Junryo , Taguchi Kazumi , Fujimura Masaaki , Shigeta Yasuhiro , Chairoungdua Arthit , Nishimura Motoi , Wakai Ken , Yamada Yasutaka , Imamura Yusuke , Tajima Sawako , Sato Natsumi , Sekine Mizuka , Ueda Takeshi , Hamamoto Shuzo , Yasui Takahiro , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Akakura Koichiro , Ikehara Yuzuru , Anzai Naohiko , Ichikawa Tomohiko
Published: October 2024

Cystinuria is the most common genetic cause of urinary stones. Defect in SLC3A1/SLC7A9 genes coding cystine transporter proteins rBAT/b0,+AT will cause Cystinuria. The current work analyzed the clinical and genetics characteristics of Japanese Cystinuria patients. In total, 101 Cystinuria patients were studied. Clinical phenotypes were defined, and genetic analysis of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 by next-generation sequence was performed. Excretion of urine cystine were determined by twenty-four hours urine analysis. The median age of presentation was 17 years old. In total, 51 different mutant variant alleles were identified (22 and 28 mutant variants in SLC3A1 and SLC7A9, respectively), including 28 novel variants. The p.pro482Leu (c.1445C > T) variant in SCL7A9 was predominantly found in 73 patients. Variants in exon-intron boundaries were identified in 6 cases. The patient with homozygote intron (exon-intron boundary) variant in SCL7A9 presented a severe phenotype with significant loss of mRNA expression. Inclusion of exon and exon-intron boundary variants reduced the number of cases that did not fit autosomal recessive inheritance from 14–9%. Predominance of p.pro482Leu (c.1445C > T) variant in SCL7A9 was a unique characteristic of Japanese Cystinuria. Current data may provide a rationale for the inclusion of exon-intron boundary variants in genomic classification.
Global Burden and Epidemiological Trends of Common Pediatric Neurologic Disorders, 1990-2019
Authors: Chu Hongyuan
Published: October 2024

Objective: To report the latest estimates of pediatric neurologic disorders by sex, age, geography and sociodemographic index from 1990 to 2019.
Methods：Thirteen major pediatric neurologic disorders were systematically analyzed by sex, year, age and region according to data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The global burden was calculated based on deaths, prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019.
Results: In 2019, global burden of pediatric neurologic diseases was responsible for 14.50% all-cause deaths and 13.82% DALYs in people under 20. The most burdensome diseases were noncommunicable disorders neonatal encephalopathy (DALYs 51.7 million. 95%UI 43.7-61.2), neural tube defects (DALYs 7.6 million. 95%UI 5.6-10.8), migraine (7.1 million, 95%UI 4.5-17.9) and idiopathic epilepsy (4.8 million, 95% UI 3.6-6.5); and communicable disorder meningitis (DALYs 12.5 million, 95%UI 10.2-15.6). Spanned from 1990 to 2019, the absolute number sharply decreased in DALYs (-42.9%) and deaths (-46.9%). Some DALYs could be attributed to risk factors lead exposure, low birth weight and short gestation, particular matter pollution, and alcohol use. Migraine rather than meningitis causes the second most DALYs in countries and territories with middle-, high-middle and high- sociodemographic index (SDI).
Complete genome analysis and biological characterization of phage vB_Bsu_hmny2 infecting Bacillus subtilis
Authors: wang jingxue , Liu Qihong , Xuan Guanhua , Wang Yinfeng , Lin Hong
Published: October 2024

Bacillus subtilis, a key microorganism in food fermentation, is frequently compromised by phage contamination, which can result in fermentation failures. Therefore, understanding and controlling these phages is critical for enhancing fermentation stability. In this study, we characterize a novel lytic B. subtilis phage, vB_Bsu_hmny2, isolated from sewage collected at a seafood market in Qingdao. This phage features a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 18,762 bp with 25 open reading frames (ORFs), 17 of which are functionally predicted. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a head diameter of 40 ± 10 nm and a short tail length of 20 ± 6 nm. vB_Bsu_hmny2 exhibits stability across various temperatures and pH levels and is classified within the Beecentumtrevirus genus. As a new member of the Beecentumtrevirus, vB_Bsu_hmny2 represents the first phage in this genus to undergo physiological characterization. This research addresses a gap in the functional analysis of similar phages, providing valuable insights for phage control in industrial fermentation processes.
Toll like receptors promote high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by regulating neutrophil extracellular traps formation
Authors: Wu Shirou , Chen Yahui , Jin Xiuming , Yu Jiayun , Chen Xueping , Wan Ting
Published: October 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness globally. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are believed to play a role in the development of DR. However, the specific contribution of NETs to hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, we cocultured high glucose-activated neutrophils (HGNs) with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the role of NETs in high glucose-induced HUVEC dysfunction. Our findings indicate that high glucose levels promote NETs formation, which can be inhibited by a toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 antagonist and a TLR4 antagonist. It was observed that reactive oxygen species production plays a role in TLR2- but not TLR4-mediated NETs formation. Additionally, HGNs were found to promote HUVEC proliferation through phagocytosis rather than NETs. We also discovered that NETs contribute to high glucose-induced HUVEC dysfunction by enhancing neutrophil-HUVEC adhesion, inhibiting HUVEC migration, and compromising the barrier function of the cells by reducing zonula occludens-1 expression. This dysfunction could be partially mitigated by TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists. In conclusion, high glucose stimulates NETs formation, leading to vascular endothelial cell damage, and TLRs may facilitate high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction by modulating NETs formation.
Highly Accurate 3D Estimation for Occluded Human Pose
Authors: Xie Bojun , Hao Xuyang , Chen Junfen , Feng Wushan
Published: October 2024

The 3D human pose estimation is crucial in computer vision. It mainly aims at estimating the spatial coordinates of important joints of the human body from monocular images. However, occlusion still is a challenge problem, which hinders their practical applications. To solve this, a novel method based on attention mechanism and distillation learning framework is proposed for unsupervised 3D human pose estimation. Due to the fact that the occluded joints often have multiple motion solutions, a pose filling network based on attention mechanism is proposed to accurately predict the coordinates of the occluded joints. To better establish the relationship between the 3D pose and occluded 2D poses, a distillation learning framework is employed. More precisely, the teacher network uses the complete 2D pose as input, and thus it can produce a more accurate 3D pose. The student network uses occluded 2D pose as the training set and the teacher network output as the target to establish a more robust dependency. Moreover, a simple yet effective data augmentation method is incorporated , which improve the performance by increasing the data diversity. Experimental results of the proposed method achieves PA-MPJPE values 2.3 and 5.2 lower than that of the benchmark method on the Human3.6M and MPI-INF- 3DHP datasets without occlusion, respectively. Moreover, the PA-MPJPE of our method is reduced to 30.3 when 5 out of 17 joints are occluded, comparing to 72.7 of a competitor. The extensive experiments demonstrated the efficiency of proposed method.
Building Responsive Intersectoral Initiatives for Newcomers in Toronto: Learning from Service Providers’ Experiences in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Jackson Carly , Mondal Shinjini , Ruggiero Erica Di , Gautier Lara
Published: October 2024

Background: Newcomer populations in urban centers experienced an exacerbated effect of COVID-19 due to their precarious living and working conditions. Addressing their needs requires holistic care provisioning, including psychosocial support, assistance to address food
security, and educational and employment assistance. Intersectoral collaboration between the public and the community sector can reduce vulnerabilities experienced by these groups.
Objective(s): This research explores how community and public sectors collaborated on intersectoral initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic to support refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants without status in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to generate lessons for a sustainable response.
Methods: The research uses a participatory governance approach to study multiple qualitative cases (a case being an intersectoral initiative). We conducted interviews (n=25) with community and public sector frontline workers and managers, as well as municipal/regional/provincial policymakers and funders. The data was analyzed thematically with an inductive approach.
Findings: The analysis covers four key themes: (1) vulnerable newcomers’ circumstances regarding accessing the social determinants of health during COVID-19; (2) the process of designing specific interventions to target these populations’ needs and service access challenges in the context of COVID-19; (3) the implementation phase of the initiatives, including any associated challenges and lessons learned; and finally, (4) long-term potential sustainability of the initiatives.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that intersectoral initiatives can be implemented to develop a responsive service for marginalized populations however, their translation beyond pandemic settings would require institutional mechanisms to bring policy shifts to provide a bottom-up collaborative approach.
The influence of situational factors on changes in mental state, depending on the level of development of reflection (using the example of students’ educational activities)
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Makarcheva Anastasia
Published: October 2024

When considering the determinants of mental state, the most relevant research appears to be the study of the “situation — mental state” relationship, since this relationship opens up opportunities for understanding the underlying mechanisms of determination and regulation of mental states in situations of life. In this context, the consideration of the category of situation as an element in the structure of mental phenomena remains poorly studied. At the same time, the success of student learning depends on a well-structured educational situation, as a structural unit of educational activity, which includes: diverse factors, mental states of students, their characterological characteristics, etc. Studying the role of the influence of situational factors on the mental states of students in the learning process, it is noted that in different educational situations, factors influencing the mental state are given indirect significance. Based on this, the purpose of this article was to consider the influence of situational factors on changes in state, depending on the level of development of reflection, using the example of students’ educational activities. The empirical study was conducted in two real learning situations (lecture and exam), where the lesson was interrupted and respondents were asked to answer Вестник СПбГУ. Психология. 2024. Т. 14. Вып. 3 559 methodological questions. 130 respondents took part in the study: 98 girls and 32 boys. All students are 1st and 2nd year psychologists whose average age was 21 years. Research methods included logical-theoretical analysis of scientific literature, a testing method and, at the stage of processing the results, methods of mathematical statistics. It was revealed that in a lecture situation states of low levels of mental activity are experienced; in an exam situation — highlevel states. It has been established that in a lecture situation, the following factors influence the change in the mental state of low-reflective and highly reflective respondents: “Social interaction”, “Action and behavior”. In an exam situation respondents with a high level of reflection are influenced by the “Bodily manifestations” factor.
Editorial Introduction
Authors:   Department of Spanish Studies, Doon University, Uttarakhand, Shikha Shukla Mala
Published: October 2024

We are pleased to release the inaugural issue of the Critical Gender Studies Journal (CGSJ). The journal serves as an interdisciplinary platform for exploring the intersection of gender and sexuality with social, cultural, historical, and political contexts. It also aims to foster discussions on the relationship between gender, sexuality, and other facets of identity while challenging assumptions and advocating for social justice. The journal eagerly looks forward to publishing groundbreaking research on gender and sexuality in our time.
Gender Deconstruction in Ursula K. Le Guin’s The Left Hand of Darkness
Authors:   Department of English and Humanities, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Israt Kashfia
Published: October 2024

This article explores Ursula K. Le Guin’s science fiction, The Left Hand of Darkness, which has had a significant impact on current gender discourse by challenging traditional binary conceptions of gender. Set in the fictional world of Gethen, inhabited by Gethenians with ambisexual traits, Le Guin questions the rigidity of gender categories and considers alternative understandings of gender. This study applies feminist and queer theories to analyse how gender is fluid and shaped by society, challenging widespread heteronormative concepts. More specifically, Judith Butler’s concept of Gender Performativity has been taken as the theoretical framework of this study. The research aims to answer two main questions: How does the novel’s narrative challenge traditional views on gender roles, and what broader cultural implications does this uncover? The findings mainly focus on how any person like Genly starts to think beyond his fixed and rigid heteronormative concepts of gender identity and what leads to his realisation of the necessity of embracing diverse gender identities in human society to ensure harmony and equality. This is significant because Genly’s journey through the novel highlights today’s critical issue: securing the rights and acceptance of individuals marginalised and stigmatised for not conforming to traditional gender norms. Overall, the study aims to advance our understanding of gender dynamics beyond the binary through the transformative power of literary and theoretical discussions.
Reading Between Worlds: Gendered Narratives in Fiction
Authors:   University of Connecticut, USA, Stamson Alexandra
Published: October 2024

This piece considers the way that we can use fictional narratives, especially secondary world stories, to examine the way that gender is translated from one world to another, and how that translation often perpetuates gender stereotypes, hierarchical biases, and sustained gender oppression. In the final section of this paper, three concepts of narrative design are defined: gender-apparent, gender-insinuated, and gender-absent. All three concepts explain how gender can be presented in secondary worlds, with gender-apparent narratives referring to gender being presented explicitly, gender-insinuated as implicitly, and gender-absent as excluded, and the benefits and detriments of all three. The goal of this piece is to provide methods of analysis for fictional narratives in relation to the presentation of contemporary gender systems and the possibility of perpetuating damaging ideologies.
Challenging Stereotypes: A Conversation Analysis Approach to Students’ Narratives about Gender
Authors:   Post-Doc Fellow, University for Foreigners of Siena, Italy., Facciani Chiara
Published: October 2024

Creating effective prevention programs is essential for reducing gender-based violence (GBV). Research underscores the importance of addressing GBV during early schooling years (Oliver, 2014), as schools, alongside families, serve as primary socialization environments for children and young people. Building on this context, this article presents a study that used prevention-based class seminars to challenge gender stereotypes and prompt reflection on GBV, gender-based discrimination, and gender stereotyping. The study involved approximately 600 minutes of classroom video recordings from five Italian middle school classes, featuring 112 12-year-old pupils during expert-conducted seminars. Using a Conversation Analysis approach, the data analysis reveals the forms of communication and gender narratives produced by the students during the workshops. While some narratives reinforced gender stereotypes and traditional norms, most narratives promoted equal gender relationships. This study contributes to research on violence prevention in schools, demonstrating how school-based programs can significantly impact students’ reflections on gender stereotypes and violence.
Digital Diasporas and Gendered Narratives: A Transnational Feminist Exploration of Americanah
Authors:   Northern University, Rahmatullah Mohammad , Jashim Uddin Mohammad , Gupta Tanu ,   Chandigarh University
Published: October 2024

This article examines the interplay between digital diasporas and gendered narratives within Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah. It employs Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s transnational feminist framework to analyze the protagonist, Ifemelu’s, experiences across both physical and digital realms. The study highlights how digital platforms function as vital spaces for identity negotiation and community engagement, facilitating a complex dialogue between Ifemelu’s Nigerian heritage and her American experiences. By integrating theoretical insights from Mohanty, the analysis emphasizes the intersectionality of race, gender, and class, enriching our understanding of diasporic identity formation.
A Conversation with Professor Clare Hemmings
Authors:   Postgraduate Department of English at Bhatter College, Dantan, West Bengal, Das Pragati
Published: October 2024

Clare Hemmings is a Professor of Feminist Theory at the Department of Gender Studies (formerly Gender Institute), London School of Economics and Political Science, where she has worked since 1999. Her research focuses on feminist and queer studies, examining the relationship between these fields and their institutionalization at national and international levels. She is interested in how participants in these fields narrate their history and current form, and how these narratives align with conservative agendas.
Nevo sebáceo de Jadassohn: una rara anomalía epitelial
Authors: Mendoza-Ospina María Alejandra , Mendoza-Ospina Julián Andrés , Montaño-Lozada Juan Manuel
Published: October 2024

El nevus sebáceo de Jadassohn o nevo organoide es una malformación hamartomatosa cutánea generalmente benigna, suele presentarse en el momento del nacimiento o poco después, compuesto predominantemente por glándulas sebáceas. Corresponde al 0,2% de las consultas en dermatología en la  edad pediátrica, en consecuencia, es una anomalía rara. Se describen dos casos: neonato femenino con lesiones típicas y varón de siete años quien debido a su afectación estética por crecimiento y alopecia fue llevado a corrección quirúrgica.
Economic Development of the Major Cities in the Context of Demographic Challenges
Authors: Zinchuk G. M. , Spitsyna O. V.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, Russia has faced serious global challenges. Particular attention is required for demographic challenges, which are caused by natural population decline, ambiguous migration processes, and their exacerbation due to the spread of the coronavirus infection and subsequently the aggravation of the foreign policy situation. The largest Russian cities are centers of economic growth with significant potential for solving regional livelihood problems. An important indicator of the state and development of a city as a socio-economic system is the change in population size. The dynamics of demographic and other socio-economic indicators deserve detailed analysis and study. The results obtained must be considered when making strategic decisions and developing adaptation mechanisms. In the past five years, a natural population decline has prevailed in the studied largest municipalities, which is only partially offset by migration growth. In most cities with a population of over one million, there is a correlation between the dynamics of population growth (both natural and migration), the average wage level, and the quality of the urban environment. In cities with migration outflow, measures are needed to improve these parameters. Since all cities have developed industries, including due to natural and historical factors, systematic monitoring of the relevant indicators and a detailed analysis of the reasons for negative trends, including demographic ones, are important for ensuring balanced economic development. To ensure the balance of supply and demand in the labor market in terms of qualification and professional requirements and expectations, the implementation of regional programs and projects with the participation of government and business is proposed. In the context of the economic development of the largest cities and adaptation to global challenges, it is proposed that government authorities, local governments, the scientific community, and businesses identify new promising specializations for cities, including the need to enhance import substitution and implement high-tech, science-intensive industries.
Statistical Support for Federal and Regional Decisions on the Well-Being Standard
Authors: Krivov V. D. , Samusevich K. A.
Published: October 2024

Modern Russia is going through difficult trials and as a state, as a civil society, it is in search of new ideas, meanings and goals for further development. Therefore, a more mature approach to the implementation of social policy is needed both at the federal, regional and local levels. This approach can become a standard of well-being. The general idea of the welfare standard implies equal access of citizens to public goods in any locality of the country. At the moment, programs are being implemented in a number of regions of Russia that can be called components of the well-being standard, but no universal concept has been created that would describe this standard. The authors of the study offer their vision of the standard of well-being and show that the process of its creation requires the efforts of the scientific community and active discussion. The result of the implementation of the well-being standard may be a gradual solution to the accumulated problems that concern Russian citizens. The study presents the successful experience of the regions, as well as analyzes the most common difficulties that hinder the successful implementation of state social projects and the development of individual regions. In the course of the study, it was proposed to supplement the federal standard with regional standards of well-being due to the specifics of a particular region.
Sustainable Development in Regional Socio-Economic Strategies in the Central Chernozem Macro-Region
Authors: Rastopchina Yu. L. , Titova I. N. , Zhukovskii A. D.
Published: October 2024

The concept of sustainable development in modern territorial management is gaining momentum more intensively and dynamically. Socio-economic and environmental aspects are embedded in strategic national and regional documents of a long-term nature. The degree of achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by the UN Agenda is assessed and monitored in various reports of international and industry organizations, which affects the reputational characteristics of countries. The publication presents the results of a review of the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals N 9 (SDG-9): “Industrialization, innovation and infrastructure” (Creation of sustainable infrastructure, promotion of inclusive and sustainable industrialization and innovation) in 5 subjects of the Russian Federation of the Central Chernozem macro-region for the period 2015–2022. Indicators for monitoring the achievement of SDG-9 in the regional context were proposed by the authors when comparing the national set of SDG indicators and statistical indicators characterizing the development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main research methods are systematization, content analysis and the method of structural and dynamic assessment. In the course of the study, a unified regional list of SDG-9 indicators was formed; an empirical assessment of this list of indicators was carried out on the materials of 5 subjects of the Central Chernozem macro-region and an overview of the degree of achievement of this goal in the studied regions. The authors conducted a comparative review of the strategies of social and economic development of the subjects of the Central Chernozem macro-region for the existence of principles of sustainable development.
The First Half of 2024 Results for the Consolidated Budgets of the Subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lykova L. N.
Published: October 2024

In the first half of 2024, the dynamics of the total amount of regional budgets revenues slightly lagged behind the inflation rate. At the same time, the growth of own revenues of the consolidated budgets of the Russian Federation regions was largely determined by the dynamics of industrial production in most regions and the growth of average accrued wages. The dynamics of corporate income tax and personal income tax receipts have different directions – the receipts of the first decreased, and the second grew significantly. If, in total, for all subjects of the Russian Federation, the increase of personal income tax revenue offset the drop of corporate income tax, then for some regions the situation was different. At the same time, corporate income tax revenues of the federal budget were growing, mainly due to tax calculated on income from securities (dividends, interest). The previously formed tendency of the intergovernmental grants from the federal budget reduction continued. The share of targetеd grants in the structure of transfers has increased. The growth of expenditures of the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation practically follows the dynamics of revenue – slightly lags behind the rate of inflation. If there is a reduction in the volume of state sub-federal debt of all subjects of the Russian Federation, then in 21 regions the volume of debt has increased. The growth of the sub-federal debt occurred both due to an increase in the volume of budget loans and at the expense of expensive bank loans.
The Current State of the Russian Budget System and the Potential for Financing the Federal Budget Deficit
Authors: Bukina I. S.
Published: October 2024

For the first time, Russia’s budget system is under large-scale stress in all areas: risks of losing the tax base due to international sanctions, a steady increase in unforeseen expenses, inflation risks, and rising debt servicing costs. In this regard, it is necessary to identify and analyze potential sources of financing the federal budget deficit as the main guarantor of budget stability. The article examines the state of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and the budgets of state extra-budgetary funds based on the results of the first half of 2024. It is shown that oil and gas revenues remain the main source of revenue growth. Among non-oil and gas revenues, personal income tax and VAT from domestic sales are growing at an accelerated rate. At the same time, the positive dynamics of some sectors of the Russian economy is largely due to budget financing. At the same time, inflation remains above target values, which forces the Central Bank of the Russian Federation to tighten monetary policy. The excess growth of federal budget expenditures and the increase in nominal rates threaten financial stability. In this regard, the article assesses the potential for financing the federal budget deficit in the context of strict borrowing restrictions. Based on the analysis of the state of the domestic federal loan bond market, a conclusion is made about the high risk of a liquidity crisis and the potential for placing domestic debt at the expense of non-bank financial institutions and individuals.
Economic Aspects of the Development of Civil Society Institutions in the Late Imperial Period on the Example of the Smolensk House of Diligence
Authors: Lapteva E. V.
Published: October 2024

The study of the history of charity makes it possible to more accurately identify the initial period of the creation of the foundations of civil society in Russia. The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Smolensk House of Diligence as an example of charitable practice in the Russian Empire of the late XIX – early XX century. Using a specific example, the author examines the history of the creation and development of houses of diligence in the regional plane, their role in public life and their influence on the formation of basic narratives of civil society in the imperial reality of that period. Special attention is paid to the analysis of economic aspects within the framework of the Smolensk House of Diligence and their role in the formation of new principles of “non-pedigree” communication in the society of post-reform Russia. The study allows the author to conclude that the study of projects such as the activities of charitable societies through the prism of economic history makes it possible to more fully assess them in the context of the power aspirations of local social groups and the importance of these actors in the formation of civil society in the late Imperial period.