bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using mice from different breeding sites fails to improve replicability of results from single-laboratory studies
Authors: Jaric Ivana , Voelkl Bernhard , Amrein Irmgard , Wolfer David P. , Novak Janja , Detotto Carlotta , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike , Meyer Urs , Manuella Francesca , Mansuy Isabelle M. , Würbel Hanno
Published: December 2023

Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that low external validity due to rigorous standardization of study populations is a cause of poor replicability in animal research. Here we report a multi-laboratory study aimed at investigating whether heterogenization of study populations by using animals from different breeding sites increases the replicability of results from single-laboratory studies. We used male C57BL/6J mice from six different breeding sites to test a standardized against a heterogenized (HET) study design in six independent replicate test laboratories. For the standardized design, each laboratory ordered mice from a single breeding site (each laboratory from a different one), while for the HET design, each laboratory ordered proportionate numbers of mice from the five remaining breeding sites. To test our hypothesis, we assessed 14 outcome variables, including body weight, behavioral measures obtained from a single session on an elevated plus maze, and clinical blood parameters. Both breeding site and test laboratory affected variation in outcome variables, but the effect of test laboratory was more pronounced for most outcome variables. Moreover, heterogenization of study populations by breeding site (HET) did not reduce variation in outcome variables between test laboratories, which was most likely due to the fact that breeding site had only little effect on variation in outcome variables, thereby limiting the scope for HET to reduce between-lab variation. We conclude that heterogenization of study populations by breeding site has limited capacity for improving the replicability of results from single-laboratory animal studies.
DNA nanotechnology for nucleic acid analysis: sensing of nucleic acids with DNA junction-probes
Authors: Foguel Marcos V. , Zamora Victor , Ojeda Julio , Reed Mark , Bennett Alexander , Calvo-Marzal Percy , Gerasimova Yulia V. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry , Chumbimuni-Torres Karin Y.
Published: December 2023

A 5WJ-sensor holds a full-length biological RNA target away from the electrode's surface, thereby reducing the target's interference with electrochemical signaling.
Reduced corrosion of Zn alloy by HA nanorods for enhancing early bone regeneration
Authors: Mao Mengting , Chen Jun , Liu Fuwei , Kong Liang , Han Yong , Zhang Lan
Published: December 2023

HA nanorods reduce Zn2+ releasing from Zn alloy, significantly enhancing the response of osteoblasts and endothelial cells in vitro and early osteointegration in vivo.
In situ fabrication of a 2D/2D WO3/Bi5O7I S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced spatial charge separation and tetracycline degradation
Authors: Zhu Jiahao , Chen Changdong , Wang Wei , Kan Zhe , Gao Ying , Chen Lei , Wang Fangfang
Published: December 2023

Schematic illustration of the formation of energy band bending and interface electric field (IEF) from Bi5O7I (+) to WO3 (−) before and after the contact of WO3 and Bi5O7I, and the possible S-scheme carrier transfer mechanism.
Enhanced stability of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals through Al2O3 and polymer coating
Authors: Huang Sheng , Bian Ce , Xu Wenjie , Zhang Hui , Gao Shasha , Wang Yue , Wang Yuling
Published: December 2023

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation display applications due to their attractive optical properties and low-cost production.
In-MIL-68 derived In2O3/Fe2O3 shuttle-like structures with n–n heterojunctions to improve ethanol sensing performance
Authors: Liu Zhenyue , Zhang Zhenkai , Yue Chen , Mu Yang , Yang Zhiguo , Dastan Davoud , Yin Xi-Tao , Ma Xiaoguang
Published: December 2023

A MIL-68(In)-derived In2O3/Fe2O3 sensor with an n–n heterojunction exhibits a significantly improved ethanol gas-sensing performance.
Is 1-methylcytosine a faithful model compound for ultrafast deactivation dynamics of cytosine nucleosides in solution?
Authors: Ma Chensheng , Xiong Qingwu , Lin Jingdong , Zeng Xiaoyan , Wang Mingliang , Kwok Wai-Ming
Published: December 2023

Ultrafast broadband time-resolved spectroscopy revealed that the excited state dynamics of 1-methylcytosine involve a dark nπ* state and exhibit a distinctive solvent effect due to hydrogen bonding in a protic solvent.
Photoconverting waste amphiphiles at the mild air–water interface into easily separable value-added products
Authors: Dai Qin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lin Jingyi , Cui Tao , Wang Wenbo , Yu Guangfei , Cao Hongbin , Zhao He
Published: December 2023

The in situ air–water interface is used to convert four waste surfactants into easily separable value-added products upon mild photoirradiation. The functional groups of precursors significantly affect their pathways of cross-medium resource conversion.
High-value utilization of recovered LiPF6 from retired lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jie , Cui Xiaoling , Song Linhu , Zhu Junlong , Wang Yinong , Zong Feifei , Zhang Ningshuang , Zhao Dongni , Li Shiyou
Published: December 2023

We proposed a novel, simple and easy-to-implement method to realize the high-value utilization of recovered electrolyte from retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This research gives a large-scale synthesis route to the realize high-value utilization of low-quality LiPF6.
Single-cell fluid-based force spectroscopy reveals near lipid size nano-topography effects on neural cell adhesion
Authors: Habli Zeina , Lahoud Rima , Zantout Ahmad , Abou-Kheir Wassim , Khraiche Massoud L.
Published: December 2023

Nano-topography of polyimide surfaces plays a critical role in determining neural cellular adhesion.
Novel butane sulfonic acid-functionalized core–shell magnetic nanocatalysts for ultrasound-assisted coumarin synthesis
Authors: Soleimani-Amiri Somayeh , Salemi Yasaman
Published: December 2023

Novel Fe3O4@C@PrNH@BuSO3H NPs were formulated, fabricated, and used as an efficient nanocatalyst in coumarin synthesis under ultrasound and conventional conditions.
A nanoporous carbonaceous material with a high surface area: synthesis and application in catalysis
Authors: Zhang Kailai , Wang Qiuliang , Zhong Zilong , Luo Yali , Liu Jie , Liu Yunfei , Lyu Yinong
Published: December 2023

A Ag NP-immobilized porous carbon derived from a porous polymer was used as an efficient catalyst for 4-nitrophenol reduction.
Nanoscale fabrication of heterostructures in thermoelectric SnTe
Authors: Zhang Hu , Lu Lu , Meng Weiwei , Cheng Shao-Dong , Mi Shao-Bo
Published: December 2023

Among the strategies for introducing secondary phases in thermoelectric materials, the highly energetic electrons provide a facile way to tailor local phase change in materials for designing heterostructures at the atomic scale.
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic carboxylation to aromatic carboxylic acids with CO2
Authors: Lan Jihong , Lu Xiaoyan , Ren Bo , Duo Fangfang , Niu Xinkai , Si Jiangju
Published: December 2023

The manuscript first reviews the preparation of valuable aromatic carboxylic acids by visible-light-driven carboxylation with CO2.
Thiosuccinimide enabled S–N bond formation to access N-sulfenylated sulfonamide derivatives with synthetic diversity
Authors: Wang Peifeng , Li Shan , Wen Huiling , Lei Yin , Huang Shujuan , Wang Zixiu , Su Jialong , Guan Wenxiang , Lei Jian
Published: December 2023

A thiosuccinimide enabled S–N cross-coupling strategy has been established for the intermolecular N-sulfenylation of clinically approved sulfa drugs under additive-free conditions.
Bifunctional imidazolium linked tetraphenylethene based conjugated microporous polymers for dynamic antibacterial properties and supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Mousa Aya Osama , Lin Zheng-Ian , Chaganti Swetha V. , Chuang Cheng-Hsin , Chen Chih-Kuang , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal
Published: December 2023

Using Sonogashira coupling reactions and a postmodification approach, we successfully synthesized TPET-Im CMP incorporating an imidazolium unit to enhance antibacterial properties and optimize its performance as a supercapacitor electrode.
Harnessing ligand design to develop primary and self-calibrated luminescent thermometers with field-induced single ion magnet behaviour in Dy3+ complexes
Authors: Corredoira-Vázquez Julio , González-Barreira Cristina , García-Deibe Ana M. , Sanmartín-Matalobos Jesús , Hernández-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Carlos Luís D. , Fondo Matilde
Published: December 2023

Magneto-luminescent studies on Dy+3 complexes of N6 macrocycles lead to a unique [Dy(LN6prop)(OAc)2](NO3)·CHCl3 luminescent primary thermometer based on 2 thermally coupled levels, which in addition shows field-induced single ion magnet behaviour.
Recent advancement on photocatalytic plastic upcycling
Authors: Ran Jingrun , Talebian-Kiakalaieh Amin , Zhang Shuai , Hashem Elhussein M. , Guo Meijun , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: December 2023

This review critically summarizes the recent achievement on various photocatalysts for plastic upcycling. A range of key factors affecting the reaction kinetics/thermodynamics are also summarized.
Synthesis of hierarchical MFI zeolite by interzeolite conversion of spent FAU zeolite for the methanol-to-olefins reaction
Authors: Sun Yan , Yang Chao , Wen Zhenhao , Zhang Zhenbao , Wei Pifeng , Wang Xiaobo , Li Qiang
Published: December 2023

Developing a strategy for the resource utilization of spent zeolite catalysts is essential for addressing the environmental hazards of spent catalysts.
Wormlike micellar solutions formed by an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant with two head groups
Authors: Li Hongye , Lin Zhengrong , Chen Zhao , Cui Zhenggang , Lei Lan , Song Binglei
Published: December 2023

A long-tailed surfactant with two quaternary ammonium head groups forms extremely long wormlike micelles in the presence of sodium laurate in aqueous solutions. The solution viscoelasticity is significantly enhanced at low concentrations.
Understanding the formation chemistry of native solid electrolyte interphase over lithium anode and its implications using a LiTFSI/TME-TTE electrolyte and polysulfide additive
Authors: Olana Bikila Nagasa , Pan Shih-Huang , Hwang Bing-Joe , Althues Holger , Jiang Jyh-Chiang , Lin Shawn D.
Published: December 2023

To develop high energy density Li batteries, the native SEI (sold electrolyte interphase) species and the formation mechanism over Li metal anodes are extensively studied.
Improvement of the Li-ion conductivity and air stability of the Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolyte via Ga co-doping and its application in Li–S batteries
Authors: Ma Kai , Chen Bowen , Li Cheng-Xin , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: December 2023

The co-doping of Ga in LLZT has expedited the densification of the garnet electrolyte, leading to a reduction in the sintering temperature required for densification and an enhancement in the stability of the electrolyte.
Preparation of lignin-based imine vitrimers and their potential application as repairable, self-cleaning, removable and degradable coatings
Authors: Liu Jian , Bernaerts Katrien V.
Published: December 2023

The successful integration of biomass material (lignin) and the concept of dynamic imine bonds has led to the development of lignin-based vitrimers. These materials hold promise for applications in repairable and UV-shielding coatings.
Distribution of high valence Fe sites in nickel–iron hydroxide catalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Ding Peijia , Hu Qi , Chai Ziwei , Zhou Hong-Bo , Lu Guang-Hong , Teobaldi Gilberto , Selloni Annabella , Liu Li-Min
Published: December 2023

Nickel–iron (Ni–Fe) hydroxides have received much attention as abundant and efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions.
Immunomodulatory hydrogels for skin wound healing: cellular targets and design strategy
Authors: He Yinhai , Cen Ying , Tian Meng
Published: December 2023

Schematic illustration of roles and targets of immunoregulatory cells and hydrogel design strategies to promote wound healing.
Construction of heterostructured SnS2/SnS@graphene oxide composite with highly effective microwave absorption
Authors: Ren Qianqian , Wang Jing , Hu Yanzhao , Li Wei , Zhao Wu , Zhang Han , Yun Jiangni , Yan Junfeng , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Yingnan
Published: December 2023

The RLmin of SnS2/SnS@GO is −47.83 dB, and the EAB is 7.18 GHz at 2.00 mm.
Ponzi scheme detection in smart contracts using the integration of deep learning and formal verification
Authors: Chen Shibao , Li Fei
Published: December 2023

Blockchain smart contracts are codes that can execute and enforce rules for blockchain digital transactions. However, smart contracts may contain numerous subtle vulnerabilities, among which Ponzi vulnerabilities are notable. Existing Ponzi scheme contract detection approaches often rely on machine learning models trained on manually extracted features to achieve satisfactory classification results. Nonetheless, the code of a smart contract potentially harbours elusive semantics and characteristics, which compromises the precision and accuracy of vulnerability detection. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of converting operation codes into sequences to process data to avoid losing unnecessary important information, and uses a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network combined with formal verification. This method is named PZ‐C1DZ3(Ponzi‐Conv1D‐Z3) and is used for Ponzi scheme detection. Four types of machine learning models, namely Conv1D, Conv1D‐LSTM, Conv1D‐MLP, and Conv1D‐transformer, are employed for improvement and comparative validation experiments. Additionally, formal verification tool Z3 solver is utilized to conduct formal security verification on the final model, ensuring its safety. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved Conv1D model outperforms other existing models in terms of detection efficiency and accuracy while also meeting the requirements of formal security verification.
A computation offloading method with distributed double deep Q‐network for connected vehicle platooning with vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communications
Authors: Shi Yanjun , Chu Jinlong , Sun Xueyan , Ning Shiduo
Published: December 2023

Current connected vehicle applications, such as platooning require heavy‐load computing capability. Although mobile edge computing (MEC) servers connected to the roadside intelligence facility can assist such separable applications from vehicles, it is a challenge to coordinate the allocation of subtasks among vehicles and MEC servers on the premise of ensuring communication quality. Therefore, an offloading algorithm is proposed based on a double deep Q‐network to solve the placement of subtasks for vehicle to infrastructure and vehicle to vehicle cases. This algorithm considers the randomness of task generation and is model‐free. The MEC server can assist the vehicle in training the neural network and storing relevant state transitions. To improve the performance of the algorithm, the decaying greedy policy is incorporated for faster convergence. The simulation results showed that this algorithm performed well in reducing the dropped subtask rate, average time delay, and total energy consumption.
Multiple decomposition‐aided long short‐term memory network for enhanced short‐term wind power forecasting
Authors: Balci Mehmet , Dokur Emrah , Yuzgec Ugur , Erdogan Nuh
Published: December 2023

With the increasing penetration of grid‐scale wind energy systems, accurate wind power forecasting is critical to optimizing their integration into the power system, ensuring operational reliability, and enabling efficient system asset utilization. Addressing this challenge, this study proposes a novel forecasting model that combines the long‐short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network with two signal decomposition techniques. The EMD technique effectively extracts stable, stationary, and regular patterns from the original wind power signal, while the VMD technique tackles the most challenging high‐frequency component. A deep learning‐based forecasting model, i.e. the LSTM neural network, is used to take advantage of its ability to learn from longer sequences of data and its robustness to noise and outliers. The developed model is evaluated against LSTM models employing various decomposition methods using real wind power data from three distinct offshore wind farms. It is shown that the two‐stage decomposition significantly enhances forecasting accuracy, with the proposed model achieving values up to 9.5% higher than those obtained using standard LSTM models.
Radiosurgery as a Stand-Alone Treatment Option for Cerebral Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: The Vienna Series
Authors: Kranawetter Beate , Cho Anna , Hirschmann Dorian , Göbl Philipp , Dorfer Christian , Rössler Karl , Dodier Philippe , Wang Wei-Te , Gatterbauer Brigitte , Gruber Andreas , Kitz Klaus , Frischer Josa M.
Published: December 2023

Background Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment method for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). However, only few studies, mostly with limited patient numbers, have evaluated radiosurgery as a sole and upfront treatment option for DAVFs.

Methods Thirty-three DAVF patients treated with GKRS as a stand-alone management at our institution between January 1992 and January 2020 were included in this study. Obliteration rates, time to obliteration, neurologic outcome, and complications were evaluated retrospectively.

Results Complete overall obliteration was achieved in 20/28 (71%) patients. The postradiosurgery actuarial rates of obliteration at 2, 5, and 10 years were 53, 71, and 85%, respectively. No difference in time to obliteration between carotid–cavernous fistulas (CCFs; 14/28, 50%, 17 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.4–27.2) and non-CCFs (NCCFs; 14/28, 50%, 37 months; 95% CI: 34.7–38.5; p = 0.111) were found. Overall, the neurologic outcome in our series was highly favorable at the time of the last follow-up. A complete resolution of symptoms was seen in two-thirds (20/30, 67%) of patients. One patient with multiple DAVFs suffered from an intracranial hemorrhage of the untreated lesion and died during the follow-up period, resulting in a yearly bleeding risk of 0.5%. No complications after radiosurgery were observed in our series.

Conclusion Our results show that GKRS is a safe and effective stand-alone management option for selected DAVF patients.
Secondary Forehead Lift in Transgender Women
Authors: Patrocinio Lucas G. , Patrocinio Jose A.
Published: December 2023

Facial feminization surgery includes a series of procedures that aim to attenuate the masculine features of the face and make the face more feminine and harmonic. During the past few years, several feminization techniques have been developed or adapted to this discipline. The current intervention of the forehead for feminization is based on the setback of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus and the remodeling of the supraorbital and glabellar region, associated to brow lift and hairline advancement. Primary forehead feminization yields high patient satisfaction, quality of life, and aesthetic outcomes, with few complications. Despite this, secondary forehead lift in feminization surgery has grown rapidly in recent years due to two main reasons: (1) patients that had their primary forehead surgery 5 or more years ago kept aging; and (2) there was also a great increase in the primary surgeries, which also comes with increased unsatisfied patients that want a revision. In the present study, we will present our current approach for secondary forehead lift in transgender women and tips to avoid a revision when performing the primary forehead reconstruction.
Risk Factors for Development of Diabetes Insipidus and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion after Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Petito Gabrielle , Hu Alex , Zhang Grace , Min Susie , Tripathi Siddhant H. , Kumar Adithya , Shukla Geet , Shah Sanjit , Phillips Katie M. , Jana Suman , Forbes Jonathan A. , Zuccarello Mario , Andaluz Norberto O. , Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: December 2023

Background We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for development of diabetes insipidus (DI) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy (TSH) for resection of a pituitary adenoma.

Methods This was a retrospective study of 403 adult patients undergoing TSH for pituitary adenoma. Clinical variables, tumor characteristics, and operative factors were collected. Incidences of DI and SIADH were determined, including timing in the perioperative period. Independent predictors of developing DI and SIADH were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results Following TSH, 21.3% of patients developed DI at a mean 2.6 days and 7.4% developed SIADH at a mean 4.7 days. DI was negatively associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–0.99, p = 0.029). DI was positively associated with female sex (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.24–4.11, p = 0.008), increase in anteroposterior tumor size (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11–2.13, p = 0.010), intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.25–4.19, p = 0.008), and every 100 mL of estimated blood loss (EBL) (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39, p = 0.046). Development of SIADH was positively associated with intraoperative CSF leak (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.24–10.21, p = 0.018) on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion DI and SIADH occur in the minority of patients undergoing TSH, but vigilance for their development must be maintained for days after the surgery. Development of DI after TSH is multifactorial, having possible patient-specific risk factors and risk related to the complexity of surgical dissection, reflected by tumor size, intraoperative CSF leak, and EBL. Development of SIADH could be associated with intraoperative CSF leak occurrence.
Platelet-Derived TGF-β1 Promotes Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Zhang Sixuan , Li Yingying , Zhang Jie , Sun Yueyue , Chu Xiang , Gui Xiang , Tong Huan , Ding Yangyang , Ju Wen , Xu Mengdi , Li Zhenyu , Zeng Lingyu , Xu Kailin , Qiao Jianlin
Published: December 2023

Background Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) modulates multiple cellular functions during development and tissue homeostasis. A large amount of TGF-β1 is stored in platelet α-granules and released upon platelet activation. Whether platelet-derived TGF-β1 plays a role in venous thrombosis remains unclear. This study intends to assess the role of platelet-derived TGF-β1 in the development of venous thrombosis in mice.

Material and Methods TGF-β1flox/flox and platelet-specific TGF-β1−/− mice were utilized to assess platelet function in vitro, arterial thrombosis induced by FeCl3, tail bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and deep vein thrombosis induced through ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC sample was collected to measure accumulation of neutrophils, monocytes, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by immunofluorescence staining.

Results TGF-β1 deficiency in platelets did not affect the number of circulating platelets, platelet aggregation, adenosine triphosphate release, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Meanwhile, TGF-β1 deficiency did not alter the arterial thrombus formation, hemostasis, and coagulation time (PT and APTT), but significantly impaired venous thrombus formation, inhibited the recruitment and accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes in thrombi, as well as reduced formation of NETs and platelet-neutrophil complex. In addition, adoptive transfer of TGF-β1flox/flox platelets to TGF-β1−/− mice rescued the impaired venous thrombus formation, recruitment of leukocytes and monocytes, as well as the NETs formation.

Conclusion In conclusion, platelet-derived TGF-β1 positively modulates venous thrombus formation in mice, indicating that targeting TGF-β1 might be a novel approach for treating venous thrombosis without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Fluoride Concentration, Antibacterial Effect, and Cytotoxicity in Children's Toothpaste: In Vitro Study
Authors: Thongthai Pasiree , Sivavong Pimduean , Osathanon Thanaphum , Tantilertanant Yanee , Sakoolnamarka Rangsima , Singthong Thawanrat , Uttasen Sirirat , Boonsuth Budsaraporn , Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Nantanapiboon Dusit
Published: December 2023

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on cell viability, antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria, and total fluoride availability of commercially available children's toothpastes in Thailand.

Materials and Methods Seven toothpaste slurries were prepared from seven commercial toothpastes for children. Total fluoride concentration was determined. The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial effect of toothpaste against Streptococcus mutans. The viability of L929 mouse fibroblasts exposed with different concentrations of each toothpaste slurry was tested by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay.

Statistical Analysis One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used for zone inhibition analysis. Cell viability data were analyzed using Student's t-test.

Results Fluoride concentration in fluoride-containing toothpastes ranged from 521.36 to 1,377.83 ppm. Two toothpastes exhibited a similar level of fluoride concentration compared between the product labels. Other toothpastes showed a difference or slight difference in fluoride concentration between the companies' information and our data. The zone of inhibition ranged from 0 to 2.08 cm. A significantly higher zone of inhibition was observed in toothpastes with sodium lauryl sulfate. The concentration of toothpaste that reduced cell viability to less than 50% of the control was 0.8, 3.1, 6.3, 6.3, 25, and 100% for Fluocaril Deli Fruity, Oral-B Junior 6 + , Kodomo Kids, CUdent Stevia, SunStar GUM, and Kindee Organic, respectively.

Conclusion The examined children's toothpastes can inhibit the growth of S. mutans, which did not correlate with fluoride concentration. The antibacterial effects could be the results of other ingredients, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate.
Restorative Modalities for Structurally Compromised Teeth with Thin-walled Roots: A Literature Review
Authors: Azimi Nozhan , Azimi Nahal , Khanmohammadi Mohammad Mahdi , Ghazanfari Rezvaneh
Published: December 2023

Proper restoration and maintenance of endodontically treated teeth with thin-walled roots and immature apices is of a great concern due to the high prevalence of such cases. The aim of this study was to review the efficiency of different materials used for post–core systems in order to restore endodontically treated teeth. A literature review was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to find relevant articles. Randomized controlled trials that were related to different post–core techniques for restoring endodontically treated teeth and were in the English language were included from 2000 until 2022. Most articles concluded that cast posts have higher fracture resistance than fiber posts. All articles comparing stainless steel posts with other materials found that it had higher fracture strength. No particular difference between various types of fiber posts was identified, and all can reinforce the immature roots with thin dentinal walls.
Toothpaste Consumption: Implications for Health and Sustainability in Oral Care
Authors: Nicita Fabiana , D'Amico Cesare , Minervini Giuseppe , Cervino Gabriele , Fiorillo Luca
Published: December 2023

Objective Toothpaste is a crucial component of daily oral hygiene routines and is significant in maintaining oral health. This study aimed to assess the amount of toothpaste consumed during tooth brushing and investigate the influence of toothbrush type on toothpaste consumption.

Materials and Methods Ten volunteer students of dentistry who regularly practiced oral hygiene at home were enrolled. Participants used a 15-mL tube of toothpaste with manual and electric toothbrushes and the amount consumed was recorded three times daily.

Statistical Analysis Variance analysis for repeated measures was applied for differences within groups for toothbrush types while the t-test was carried out to compare the mean quantities between groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results The findings revealed no significant difference in toothpaste consumption across different time intervals for both manual and electric toothbrushes. However, a significant difference in toothpaste consumption was observed when comparing toothbrush types. Participants using electric toothbrushes consumed less toothpaste compared to those using manual toothbrushes.

Conclusion The observed differences in toothpaste consumption highlight the importance of considering toothbrush type when promoting appropriate usage. With their advanced brushing mechanisms, electric toothbrushes may enhance cleaning efficiency and reduce the need for a large amount of toothpaste. Reducing toothpaste consumption benefits oral health and contributes to environmental sustainability. It minimizes packaging waste, conserves energy and resources, promotes water conservation, preserves ecosystems, and encourages a culture of ecological responsibility. By embracing a more conscious approach to toothpaste usage, individuals can contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.
Antifungal Therapies for Aspergillus spp.: Present and Future
Authors: Eschenauer Gregory A.
Published: December 2023

Currently available and recommended options for the treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis include the triazoles, echinocandins, and amphotericin B products. These therapies have significant limitations. Only the azoles are available orally, but their use is often limited by toxicities, drug–drug interactions, pharmacokinetic variability, and emerging resistance. While the echinocandins are safe agents and may have a role in combination therapy, they are unproven as monotherapy. Amphotericin B preparations are toxic and require intensive monitoring. Finally, aspergillosis continues to be a disease conferring substantial morbidity and mortality, and clinical trials have not identified a therapeutic approach clearly associated with improved outcomes. As a result, there is a great need for new options in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Ideally, such options would be safe, have high oral bioavailability, have favorable pharmacokinetics to sequestered sites and retain activity against azole-resistant isolates. Reassuringly, there is a robust pipeline of novel therapies in development. Rezafungin (a once-weekly dosed echinocandin) and ibrexafungerp (oral agent with same mechanism of action as echinocandins) will likely be reserved for combination therapy or refractory/intolerance scenarios with no other options. Inhaled opelconazole is an attractive option for combination therapy and prophylaxis of pulmonary aspergillosis. Development of an oral form of amphotericin B that avoids nephrotoxicity and electrolyte disturbances is an exciting development. Finally, olorofim and fosmanogepix, two agents with novel mechanisms of action and oral formulations, hold significant potential to challenge the triazole antifungals place as preferred therapies. However, many questions remain regarding these novel agents, and at the time of this writing, none of these agents have been robustly studied in Phase III studies of aspergillosis, and so their promise remains investigational.
Two-dimensional synchronous motion modulation MEMS structure for suppressing 1/f noise in magnetoresistive sensors
Authors: Jiao Qifeng , Luo Jiahui , Jin Zhenhu , Zou Xudong , Chen Jiamin
Published: December 2023

Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors have great application prospects in the field of weak magnetic field detection due to their high sensitivity, small size, and low power consumption. However, 1/f noise greatly limits the low-frequency detectivity of MR sensors. In order to suppress 1/f noise, this paper proposes a two-dimensional synchronous motion modulation (TDSMM) structure based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This structure can effectively reduce 1/f noise by modulating the frequency of the measured magnetic field in the high-frequency band. Theoretical analysis and finite element simulation were conducted on three different modulation models: TSDMM, magnetic flux concentrators motion modulation, and MR components longitudinal motion modulation. The results showed that the modulation efficiency of the TDSMM reached as high as 127%, which is currently the highest value in MR-MEMS sensors. The TDSMM MEMS structure has been successfully manufactured, and the resonant frequency of the transverse resonator is twice that of the longitudinal resonator, enabling extremely high modulation efficiency. The noise spectral density of giant-magnetoresistive components on a silicon-on-insulator substrate was tested, and the noise level in the high-frequency band was three orders of magnitude lower than that in the low-frequency band. These results position MR-MEMS sensors with TDSMM structures as highly competitive candidates in the field of ultra-weak magnetic field detection.
Strain induced electrochemical behaviors of ionic liquid electrolytes in an electrochemical double layer capacitor: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Roy Tribeni , Goel Saurav , Costa Luciano T. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Offer Gregory J. , Marinescu Monica , Wang Huizhi
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) with ionic liquid electrolytes outperform conventional ones using aqueous and organic electrolytes in energy density and safety. However, understanding the electrochemical behaviors of ionic liquid electrolytes under compressive/tensile strain is essential for the design of flexible EDLCs as well as normal EDLCs, which are subject to external forces during assembly. Despite many experimental studies, the compression/stretching effects on the performance of ionic liquid EDLCs remain inconclusive and controversial. In addition, there is hardly any evidence of prior theoretical work done in this area, which makes the literature on this topic scarce. Herein, for the first time, we developed an atomistic model to study the processes underlying the electrochemical behaviors of ionic liquids in an EDLC under strain. Constant potential non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are conducted for EMIM BF4 placed between two graphene walls as electrodes. Compared to zero strain, low compression of the EDLC resulted in compromised performance as the electrode charge density dropped by 29%, and the performance reduction deteriorated significantly with a further increase in compression. In contrast, stretching is found to enhance the performance by increasing the charge storage in the electrodes by 7%. The performance changes with compression and stretching are due to changes in the double-layer structure. In addition, an increase in the value of the applied potential during the application of strain leads to capacity retention with compression revealed by the newly performed simulations.
Piezoelectric energy harvesting and synchronization of excited and modified Huygens’s pendulums
Authors: Zemtchou Francis Rolphe , Mabekou Takam Jeanne Sandrine , Louodop Fotso Patrick Hervé , Talla Pierre Kisito
Published: December 2023

We consider a model of modified Huygens pendulums in order to be able to study the dynamics of such a system and carry out piezoelectric energy harvesting and the effects of phenomena encountered on this energy harvesting. The modifications made to the system here are the use of compound pendulums, a parametric force, and the addition of a piezoelectric transducer for energy harvesting. Thanks to the Lagrangian formalism, the governing equations were established and the numerical resolution was made using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm. We observed the presence of several types of synchronization (in-phase, anti-phase, quadrature-phase) and the existence of periodic, multi-periodic, or chaotic dynamics. Also, synchronization plays an important role in energy harvesting, in particular, in-phase synchronization, which promises much better performance than anti-phase synchronization. The effects of system parameters (amplitude and frequency of parametric force, stiffness coefficient, electromechanical coupling coefficient, etc.) are also studied on synchronization and energy harvesting. These results have applications in the manufacture of sensors and actuators, the power supply of electronic devices, and the manufacture of autonomous devices.
Strain effects on Auger–Meitner recombination in silicon
Authors: Bushick Kyle , Kioupakis Emmanouil
Published: December 2023

We study the effects of compressive and tensile biaxial strain on direct and phonon-assisted Auger–Meitner recombination (AMR) in silicon using first-principles calculations. We find that the application of strain has a non-trivial effect on the AMR rate. For most AMR processes, the application of strain increases the AMR rate. However, the recombination rate for the AMR process involving two holes and one electron is suppressed by 38% under tensile strain. We further analyze the specific phonon contributions that mediate the phonon-assisted AMR mechanism, demonstrating the increased anisotropy under strain. Our results indicate that the application of tensile strain increases the lifetime of minority electron carriers in p-type silicon and can be leveraged to improve the efficiency of silicon devices.
Cross-domain growth and angle-dependent interlayer coupling of twisted bilayer MoS2
Authors: Lu Jie , Zheng Miaomiao , Liu Jinxin , Qu Yian , Lin Gaoxiang , Chen Yangbo , Xu Donghao , Lin Mingyuan , Zhou Yinghui , Dai Mengyan , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xueao , Cai Weiwei
Published: December 2023

Twisted 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) play a significant role in the development of twistronics. However, it is still challenging to prepare high-quality twisted TMDCs by current stacking or folding techniques. Herein, we propose a cross-domain chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize twisted bilayer MoS2 through precisely controlling the supply of molybdenum precursor. It is found that the top layer of a bilayer MoS2 grain maintains its original orientation even when it crosses over to neighboring monolayer MoS2 grain. This suggests that the van der Waals epitaxy can be prevented with the assistance of covalent bonds. Furthermore, the interlayer coupling strength reaches a maximum value at the twisted angle (θ) of 0° or 60° and a minimum at θ = 30°. Moreover, the evolution of in-plane shear mode and out-of-plane breathing mode obtained from low-frequency Raman spectroscopy reveals atomic reconstructions of the moiré pattern. Meanwhile, the shift of the indirect bandgap exhibits an angle dependence consistent with the interlayer coupling strength, which likely comes from the mixing of pz orbitals. The change in A−/A intensity ratio is not mainly originated from the trion binding energy, but the excess electron concentration. Our results offer a feasible approach to prepare high-quality twisted TMDCs and provide a good platform for studying twistronics and related phenomena.
Adiabatic connection interaction strength interpolation method made accurate for the uniform electron gas
Authors: Constantin Lucian A. , Jana Subrata , Śmiga Szymon , Della Sala Fabio
Published: December 2023

The adiabatic connection interaction strength interpolation (ISI)-like method provides a high-level expression for the correlation energy, being, in principle, exact not only in the weak-interaction limit, where it recovers the second-order Görling–Levy perturbation term, but also in the strong-interaction limit that is described by the strictly correlated electron approach. In this work, we construct a genISI functional made accurate for the uniform electron gas, a solid-state physics paradigm that is a very difficult test for ISI-like correlation functionals. We assess the genISI functional for various jellium spheres with the number of electrons Z ≤ 912 and for the non-relativistic noble atoms with Z ≤ 290. For the jellium clusters, the genISI is remarkably accurate, while for the noble atoms, it shows a good performance, similar to other ISI-like methods. Then, the genISI functional can open the path using the ISI-like method in solid-state calculations.
Two-dimensional grating interferometer with nanometer accuracy
Authors: Ban Yaowen , Zhao Guobo , Liu Hui , Zhang Zhenghui , Chen Bangdao , Lu Bingheng , Liu Hongzhong
Published: December 2023

A two-dimensional grating interferometer with the nanometer accuracy is proposed, which employs a transmissive two-dimensional diffraction grating and a corner cube prism in its optical configuration. The distinctive features of this optical path configuration are as follows: (i) Fourfold optical subdivision is achieved based on the principle of secondary diffraction, enhancing optical subdivision capability. (ii) The utilization of a corner cube prism configuration enables parallel retroreflection of diffracted light, facilitating ease of optical alignment. Utilizing a two-dimensional transmissive grating with a period of 4 µm (resulting in an optical signal period of 1 µm after fourfold optical subdivision), the two-dimensional grating interferometer achieves measurement resolutions better than 8 nm along the x and y directions. Within a 100 µm range, the grating displacement errors are superior to ±38 and ±36 nm. The repeatability (standard deviation of error) during a reciprocating motion with a 4 µm stroke is superior to 14 nm. The proposed two-dimensional grating interferometer enables nanoscale resolution measurements, showcasing notable linear measurement capabilities and repeatability. It finds potential applications in ultra-accuracy positioning and machining equipment. The utilization of gratings with smaller periods holds the promise of realizing picometer-level measurement potential.
Dual-layer active equalization control for series-connected batteries based on hybrid Cuk-flyback topology
Authors: Qiang Hao , Mo Zhengwen , Xie Junhao
Published: December 2023

The inevitability of energy inconsistency among batteries within a battery pack poses operational challenges and potential safety hazards. It is imperative to swiftly harmonize the state of charge across all batteries to mitigate these issues. Addressing this concern, a dual-layer hybrid equalization topology is introduced, leveraging the Cuk circuit and flyback transformer. The battery pack is segmented into modules, with the Cuk circuit employed for intra-module equalization. Subsequently, the flyback transformer facilitates inter-module equalization. A multimodal equalization control strategy is devised, considering the status of individual modules to minimize repeated energy transfers between batteries. Simulation and experimental findings affirm that the proposed dual-layer active equalization control markedly mitigates the inconsistency among series-connected batteries, demonstrating rapid equalization and heightened efficiency.
Field reversal in low pressure, unmagnetized radio frequency capacitively coupled argon plasma discharges
Authors: Wen De-Qi , Krek Janez , Gudmundsson Jon Tomas , Kawamura Emi , Lieberman Michael A , Zhang Peng , Verboncoeur John P
Published: December 2023

In general, the radio frequency (rf) electric field within a sheath points toward the metal electrode in low pressure, unmagnetized rf electropositive capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) glow discharges. This is due to the large ratio of electron to ion mobility and the formation of an ion sheath. In this work, we studied, using fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, a reversed electric field induced by the strong secondary electron emission during the phase of sheath collapse in a high-voltage rf-driven low pressure CCP glow discharge. We explored the transition behavior of the formation of field reversal as a function of driving voltage amplitude and found that field reversal starts to form at around 750 V, for a discharge with an electrode spacing of 4 cm at 10 mTorr argon pressure driven at 13.56 MHz. Accordingly, the energy distribution function of electrons incident on the electrode shows peaks from around 3 to 10 eV while varying the driving voltage from 150 to 2000 V, showing potentially beneficial effects in plasma material processing where relatively directional electrons are preferred to solely thermal diffusion electrons.
Influence of the slip boundary on square cylinders with lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wang Kai , Yang Liuming , Yu Yang , Hou Guoxiang
Published: December 2023

In this investigation, two-dimensional flow past square cylinders with slip boundary have been studied with the lattice Boltzmann method. Three modes, which are a single cylinder, an oblique cylinder, and side-by-side cylinders, are investigated with Reynolds numbers from 25 to 200 while relative slip length ranges from 0 to 0.1. It can be concluded that both the flow state and the slip boundary have a great effect on the drag reduction rate. For a single square cylinder, drag forces decrease with larger slip length while the Strouhal number is almost constant. For an oblique cylinder, the slip length also has effects on the stability of the flow except the drag and lift forces. Vortex separation delays with a slip wall of oblique cylinder. For side-by-side cylinders, the jet between two cylinders is not conducive to the drag reduction rate of the slip boundary. Moreover, the application of slip boundary may also lead to additional drag force as vortex separation intensifies, which is extremely different from simple channel flows. Studies have shown that the slip boundary does not always reduce the drag in some complex flow fields. It can be concluded that the drag reduction effect of slip boundaries is more effective in uniform flow.
Nanoscale friction of high entropy alloy sulfide thin films in comparison with molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Adabasi Gokay , Deshpande Aditya , Tanaka Koichi , Ancheta Joshua , Maldonado Emmanuel , Özdoğan Mehmet , Kodambaka Suneel , Baykara Mehmet Z.
Published: December 2023

We present nanoscale friction measurements performed on sputter-deposited high entropy alloy (HEA) sulfide thin films [(VNbTaMoW)S2] via atomic force microscopy. The results reveal (i) the influence of deposition time on the film morphology and (ii) the presence of isolated areas of low friction on film surfaces. We compare the friction results on HEA sulfide thin films with those on a prototypical solid lubricant, sputter-deposited molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and find that they are superior in terms of lubricative performance. Variable temperature x-ray diffraction, performed up to 973 K, reveals that HEA sulfide thin films exhibit improved oxidation resistance when compared with MoS2 films. Combined, our results show that HEA sulfide thin films have considerable potential as oxidation-resistant solid lubricant coatings.