bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicação do software Excel como ferramenta de ensino para resolução de treliças planas utilizando elementos finitos de barras
Authors: De Oliveira Charles Jaster , De Oliveira Luna Ollin Steffen , Vogel Guilherme Macêdo , Nunes Raphael Brandalise , Dos Santos Gabriel Martins
Published: November 2019

A determinação de esforços axiais e deslocamentos são indispensáveis para a análise e a compreensão de uma treliça. Para tais determinações, há uma constante busca de métodos que possam facilitar e agilizar os cálculos. Através do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), o presente artigo propõe um modelo de planilha eletrônica, desenvolvida no Microsoft Excel®, capaz de calcular os esforços das barras que constituem a treliça plana, bem como os deslocamentos nodais, quando sujeito a forças e restrições de deslocamentos. Afim de não somente apresentar números, de modo didático, o modelo também demonstra graficamente os resultados obtidos utilizando o Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), que é a linguagem de programação do Microsoft Excel®, para ilustrar a estrutura antes e depois da aplicação das forças mostrando os esforços de tração e compressão nas barras e o deslocamento dos nós. O uso da programação no Microsoft Excel® além da facilitar os cálculos, também se faz importante didaticamente, visto que é uma ferramenta capaz de confirmar os resultados que são obtidos via métodos tradicionais, comum nas graduações de engenharia civil e devido a sua fácil curva de aprendizado e a alta disponibilidade do software.
The judgment of the case Xucuru People v. Brazil: InterAmerican Court of Human Rights between consolidation and setbacks
Authors: Navarro Gabriela Cristina Braga
Published: November 2019

The present article aims to analyse the recent decision against Brazil issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Xucuru indigenous people and its members v. Brazil, which was decided in February 2018. The decision is the most recent among the consolidated jurisprudence of the Court on indigenous peoples` rights, as well as the first one against Brazil. The case study is based mainly upon a bibliographic review of primary sources related to the case, as well to the Court´s jurisprudence on indigenous rights. To achieve the central objective, the article is composed of three sections: an analysis of the Court´s jurisprudence on indigenous territorial rights, a further analysis of the decision on the Xucuru case and, finally, an analysis of aspects that were absent in the decision. The article concludes that, in most aspects, the judgment consolidates the Court case law on the territorial protection of indigenous lands. However, the decision is considered flawed in regard to four aspects: the protection of human rights defenders, the mentioning of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, applied remedies and the recognition of the injured party. As the case is very recent, this is the first academic analysis on its content. The Court´s innovative jurisprudence on indigenous rights must be acknowledged, but flaws and limitations in the most recent decision must be pointed out and analysed in order to enable further development and, therefore, provide a most adequate human rights protection.
A proteção da identidade de gênero na jurisprudência da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Galil Gabriel Coutinho
Published: November 2019

O trabalho investiga a proteção das pessoas trans na jurisprudência da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos. A análise jurisprudencial é justificada na ausência de disposições legislativas sobre a proteção LGBTI no direito internacional, no âmbito global e regional. Valendo-se do marco teórico da teoria da justiça de Nancy Fraser, questiona-se se as decisões da Corte auxiliam no reconhecimento dessa população. O estudo se divide em três partes: revisão bibliográfica acerca do marco teórico e da especificação dos direitos humanos; pesquisa empírica e exploratória sobre as decisões da Corte Europeia em matéria de identidade de gênero; análise crítica dos dados encontrados na fase exploratória. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma parcial contribuição da jurisprudência do órgão para as políticas de reconhecimento, que, apesar de apresentar certo grau de especificação, são fundamentadas em discursos que não contribuem para a reconfiguração dos padrões de subordinação social e cultural da população trans.
A meta 11 de aichi e as áreas marinhas protegidas em grande escala: proteção ambiental ou oportunismo político?
Authors: Silva Alexandre Pereira da
Published: November 2019

Em 2010, durante a 10ª Conferência das Partes (COP-10) da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB) realizada em Nagoya, província de Aichi, Japão, foram estabelecidas 20 metas de proteção da biodiversidade, conhecidas como Metas de Aichi. A Meta 11 de Aichi fixa que até 2020 pelo menos 10% de áreas marinhas e costeiras, em especial aquelas de importância particular para a biodiversidade e serviços ecossistêmicos, sejam conservadas por meio do estabelecimento de áreas marinhas protegidas. A despeito de a meta ter sido considerada por muitos como ambiciosa e politicamente inatingível, o percentual de proteção global dos mares e oceanos vem subindo de forma expressiva nos últimos dez anos, mormente devido ao estabelecimento de áreas marinhas protegidas em grande escala (AMPGE), tanto sob jurisdições nacionais como além das jurisdições nacionais. Entretanto, o estabelecimento de AMPGEs suscinta um grande debate entre especialistas que apontam vantagens e desvantagens em termos de proteção da biodiversidade marinha e serviços ecossistêmicos. Outro aspecto recorrente ligado às AMPGEs é a alegação de que a sua utilização está mais voltada para fins políticos do que propriamente para finalidades conservacionistas. Dessa forma, a contribuição original do presente trabalho consiste em analisar o papel que as AMPGEs vêm exercendo com vistas à Meta 11 de Aichi, a fim de demonstrar que há muita atenção no aspecto quantitativo, mas consideravelmente menos nos aspectos qualitativos do objetivo. Para examinar o cenário atual da proteção do meio marinho e o papel exercido pelas AMPGEs, o artigo utilizou os métodos analítico e dedutivo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e exame de dados relativos à proteção de áreas marinhas.
As abordagens dos países da América Latina e Caribe sobre a mobilidade humana provocada pelas mudanças climáticas
Authors: Andreola Serraglio Diogo , Sivini Ferreira Heline
Published: November 2019

O presente estudo propõe-se a examinar em que medida os países que compõem a América Latina e o Caribe integram a mobilidade humana no contexto da mudança climática em suas legislações nacionais, contribuindo para a redução, prevenção e melhor gerenciamento de deslocamentos desse gênero em âmbito regional. Por meio do método dedutivo, busca-se inicialmente compreender os principais entraves à regulamentação jurídica do tema. Além da multicausalidade dos processos migratórios, a dificuldade em se determinar o número exato de indivíduos que se deslocam por conta da mudança do clima e a ausência de terminologias apropriadas são analisadas. Na sequência, examina-se o aparato normativo que aborda a temática no regime climático internacional, com especial enfoque nas disposições das Conferências das Partes (COPs) que sucederam a Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre a Mudança do Clima (CQNUMC), de 1992, e culminaram na instituição do Mecanismo Internacional de Varsóvia sobre Perdas e Danos (WIM) e no estabelecimento de uma Força-Tarefa sobre Deslocamento (TFD). Por fim, investiga-se a incorporação da mobilidade humana nos documentos oficiais que devem ser submetidos pelos Estados-Partes à CQNUMC – como os Planos Nacionais de Adaptação (PNAs) e as Contribuições Nacionalmente Determinadas (CNDs) – das 34 nações latino-americanas e caribenhas, assim como legislações nacionais que regulamentam a mitigação e a adaptação aos efeitos adversos da mudança climática em âmbito interno. Verifica-se, neste momento, em que grau a região encontra-se alinhada e em consonância com as diretrizes e recomendações internacionais que abordam o tema, possibilitando também a identificação de lacunas e inconsistências.
A typical weather pattern for ozone pollution events in North China
Authors: Gong Cheng , Liao Hong
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Ground-level observations, reanalyzed meteorological
fields and a 3-D global chemical and transport model (GEOS-Chem) were
applied in this study to investigate ozone (O3) pollution events (OPEs)
in North China (36.5–40.5∘ N, 114.5–119.5∘ E) during 2014–2017. Ozone pollution days (OPDs) were
defined as days with maximum daily averaged 8 h (MDA8) concentrations over
North China larger than 160 µg m−3, and OPEs were defined as
periods with 3 or more consecutive OPDs. Observations showed that there were
167 OPDs and 27 OPEs in North China during 2014–2017, in which 123 OPDs and
21 OPEs occurred from May to July. We found that OPEs in North China occurred
under a typical weather pattern with high daily maximum temperature (Tmax),
low relative humidity (RH), anomalous southerlies and divergence in the
lower troposphere, an anomalous high-pressure system at 500 hPa, and an
anomalous downward air flow from 500 hPa to the surface. Under such a
weather pattern, chemical production of O3 was high between 800 and 900 hPa, which was then transported downward to enhance O3 pollution at the
surface. A standardized index I_OPE was defined by applying
four key meteorological parameters, including Tmax, RH, meridional winds at
850 hPa (V850) and zonal winds at 500 hPa (U500). I_OPE can
capture approximately 80 % of the observed OPDs and OPEs, which has
implications for forecasting OPEs in North China.
Comparing SOA volatility distributions derived from isothermal SOA particle evaporation data and FIGAERO-CIMS measurements
Authors: Tikkanen Olli-Pekka , Buchholz Angela , Ylisirniö Arttu , Schobesberger Siegfried , Virtanen Annele , Yli-Juuti Taina
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The volatility distribution of the organic compounds present in SOA at different conditions is a key quantity that has to be captured in order to describe SOA dynamics accurately. The development of the filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO) and its coupling to chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) has enabled near simultaneous sampling of gas and particle phases of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) through thermal desorption of the particles. The thermal desorption data has recently been shown to be interpretable as a volatility distribution with the use of positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. Similarly, volatility distribution can be inferred from isothermal particle evaporation experiments, when the particle size change measurements are analyzed with process modelling techniques. In this study we compare the volatility distributions that are retrieved from FIGAERO-CIMS and particle size change measurements during isothermal particle evaporation with process modelling techniques. We compare the volatility distributions at two different relative humidity (RH) and two oxidation condition. At high RH conditions, where particles are in a liquid state, we show that the volatility distributions derived the two ways are comparable within reasonable assumption of uncertainty in the effective saturation mass concentrations that are derived from FIGAERO-CIMS data. At dry conditions we demonstrate the volatility distributions are comparable in one oxidation condition and in the other oxidation condition the volatility distribution derived from the PMF analysis shows considerably more high volatility matter than the volatility distribution inferred from particle size change measurements. We also show that the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation together with a recent glass transition temperature parametrization for organic compounds and PMF derived volatility distribution estimate are consistent with the observed isothermal evaporation under dry conditions within the reported uncertainties. We conclude that the FIGAERO-CIMS measurements analyzed with the PMF method are a promising method for inferring organic compounds' volatility distribution, but care has to be taken when the PMF factors are interpreted. Future process modelling studies about SOA dynamics and properties could benefit from simultaneous FIGAERO-CIMS measurements.
Vivianite formation in ferruginous sediments from Lake Towuti, Indonesia
Authors: Vuillemin Aurèle , Friese André , Wirth Richard , Schuessler Jan A. , Schleicher Anja M. , Kemnitz Helga , Lücke Andreas , Bauer Kohen W. , Nomosatryo Sulung , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm , Simister Rachel , Ordoñez Luis G. , Ariztegui Daniel , Henny Cynthia , Russell James M. , Bijaksana Satria , Vogel Hendrik , Crowe Sean A. , Kallmeyer Jens ,   Towuti Drilling Project Science Team
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Ferruginous lacustrine systems, such as Lake Towuti, Indonesia, can experience restricted primary production due to phosphorus trapping by hydrous ferric iron (oxyhydr)oxides that reduce P concentrations in the water column. The oceans were also ferruginous during the Archean, so understanding the dynamics of phosphorus in modern-day ferruginous analogues may shed light on the marine biogeochemical cycling that dominated much of Earth's history. Here we report the presence of large crystals (> 5 mm) and nodules (> 5 cm) of vivianite – a ferrous iron phosphate – in sediment cores from Lake Towuti, and address the processes of phosphorus retention and iron mineral transformations during diagenesis in ferruginous sediments. Core scans together with analyses of bulk sediment and pore water geochemistry document a 30 m long interval consisting of beds of sideritic and non-sideritic clays and diatomaceous oozes containing diagenetic vivianites. High-resolution imaging of vivianite revealed continuous growth of crystals from tabular to rosette habits that eventually form large (up to 7 cm) vivianite nodules in the sediment. Mineral inclusions like millerite and siderite reflect antecedent diagenetic mineral formation that is related to microbial reduction of iron and sulfate. This implies the formation and growth of vivianite crystals under reducing conditions during diagenesis. Negative ð56Fe values of vivianite indicated reductive dissolution of ferric oxides as the source of Fe in the vivianites with incorporation of microbially fractionated light Fe2+ into the crystals. The size and growth history of the nodules indicate that, after formation, continued growth of vivianite may constitute a significant sink for P in these sediments.
A Comparative Study between Informal and Formal Finance: A Literature Review
Authors: Abdelzaher Mai Ahmed
Published: November 2019

The informal credit system is a prevailing form of economic exchange in emerging countries. It is the predominant form of credit in rural communities because it is based on a culture of reciprocity (Family participation-relatives-Loyalty-friends-Neighbour). Informal finance contributes significantly to the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The present study justifies the wide application of informal finance. We find that these projects suffer from the problem of asymmetrical information. They also offer few guarantees. Informal financiers have an advantage over formal financial organizations, in gathering information on lenders in SMEs. The aim of our study was to explore formal and informal credit systems and to explain the prevalence of informal systems in developing countries. The study concluded that credit from informal sources is superior to credit from formal sources because it results in low rates of default on loans. The study also showed that informal finance and commercial credit have a positive impact on the performance of private companies, measured using the rate of return on assets.
Impact of Internal Audit Practices on Satisfaction of Administrators: A Case in University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Authors: Anojan Vickneswaran , Nimalathasan Balasundaram
Published: November 2019

The main purpose of the study is to find out impact of internal audit practices on satisfaction of administrators in University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Internal audit play a major role on overall performance of the organization. Primary data was collected from administrators (academic and non-academic administrators) through developed 5 point likert scale questionnaire. Internal audit practices include internal audit practices related with administrative system review, legal compliance, control on assets usage, control on purchase & procurement and control on payment, research grant & allowance. Descriptive, correlation and regression analysis performed in this study. Descriptive analysis reveals that internal audit practices are in the moderate level based on the administrator’s satisfaction however there is below than moderate level internal audit practices related with administrative system review. Correlation analysis confirmed that there is positive significant relationship between internal audit practices and satisfaction of administrators. Further regression analysis confirmed that there is positive significant impact of internal audit practices related with administrative system review, control on purchase & procurement and legal compliance on internal audit quality. According to the findings of the study top management of the university and the government should improve internal audit practices especially they have to improve internal audit practices related with administrative system review, legal compliance and control on purchase & procurement to increase the overall performance of the University.
Digital Competencies and Professional attitudes as Predictors of Universities academics' Digital Technologies Usage: Example of Al-Hussein Bin Talal
Authors: Jwaifell Mustafa , Kraishan Osama M , Waswas Dima , Salah Raed O
Published: November 2019

Information Communication Technologies (ICT) has experienced remarkable development and changes provoked by the spread of digitization and the rise of electronic technologies. Those changes made it urgent to understand academics' perceptions and professional usage of those technologies in higher education. To understand the academics' perception of digital technologies in higher education we have conducted this study in Al-Hussein Bin Talal University (AHU) as an example of academics' digital competencies, professional attitudes, and professional application of digital tools, and possibility of predicting the degree of application of digital tools through the degree of academics' competencies and professional attitudes . This study carried out in Ma'an, a poor-environment area of Southern Governorate in Jordan, with 107 academics who work in AHU as an instructors, has one aim which is to explore how they perceive new digital technologies. Most important result of the study showed that academics competence, attitudes, and digital technologies tools usage are in average level. Moreover the study showed that digital technology tool usage's degree can be predicted through the degrees of the academics' competence and attitudes.. Recommendations were included in this study.
On the Elasticity of Parallel Components in a Cloud of High Performance Computing Services
Authors: Junior Francisco Carvalho , Alencar João Marcelo
Published: November 2019

Cloud computing offers virtually unlimited set of resources and flexibility to allocate them through elasticity. But cloud limitations, such as the complexity of configuration and environment dynamicity, may jeopardizes the assurance of QoS requirements. HPC Shelf is a cloud of HPC services that employs a component-oriented architecture to describe hardware and software resources of parallel computing systems. We design a framework for HPC Shelf that employ cloud elasticity concepts for keeping the values of QoS metrics of parallel computing systems inside an acceptable range, enabling adaptations to fulfill the QoS contract restrictions. In our evaluation, using a linear algebra application, we show how HPC Shelf takes advantage of cloud elasticity to reinforce QoS requirements, rectifying assumptions from ill-defined QoS models.
Contextual Contracts for Component-Based Resource Abstraction in a Cloud of HPC Services
Authors: Alam Wagner Al , Junior Francisco Carvalho
Published: November 2019

The efforts to make cloud computing suitable for the requirements of HPC applications have motivated us to design HPC Shelf, a cloud computing platform of services for building and deploying parallel computing systems for large-scale parallel processing. We introduce Alite, the system of contextual contracts of HPC Shelf, aimed at selecting component implementations according to requirements of applications, features of targeting parallel computing platforms (e.g. clusters), QoS (Quality-of-Service) properties and cost restrictions. It is evaluated through a small-scale case study employing a componentbased framework for matrix-multiplication based on the BLAS library.
Ways to Deal with Contingency Violence and Dialogue
Authors: Oyarzun R. Pablo ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2019

In this paper contingency is estimated as an essentially identifying trait of the (modern) world emerging from the radical upheavals of the late 18th century and the beginnings of the 19th century. If contingency is the mark of the (modern) world as world, the question arises how human beings should, or merely could deal with it. For the purpose of discussing this issue, the usual alternative of violence and dialogue is considered. Nevertheless, the intention is not merely to oppose violent to rational conduct. Taking recourse to two authors who had a particularly acute sense of contingency, Heinrich von Kleist and Paul Celan, the aim of this paper, on the one hand, is to discuss a concept of violence that is not merely instrumental, nor attributable to merely subjective intentions, but that has the significance of the principle of overcoming contingency by way of absolutely forcing order or absolutely renouncing to it. On the other hand, it involves discussing a concept of dialogue that is essentially different to what may be called the institution of Western dialogue, characterized by the disembodiment of the word, and therefore to suggest the concept of a radically embodied dialogue as a way to positively deal with contingency.
Emotion as a Language of Universal Dialogue
Authors: Wong Muk Yan ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2019

Despite globalization and the rapid development of information technology, cross-cultural dialogue did not become any easier. The physical and non-physical confrontations are intensified by the differences in basic values and interest of cultures, which can be seen by the increasing number of wars, extreme localism, and mistrust between people. Rationality, which has long been regarded as the best and the only common language among different cultures, fails to facilitate communication and collaboration. Rationality’s limitation was revealed among others in Alasdair MacIntyre’s Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Unlike what ancient Greek philosophers suggested, there is not a single type of supreme rationality that everyone will and should follow. The only consensus perhaps is about the instrumental rationality suggested by Max Weber, which is futile in promoting cross-cultural dialogues as it addresses the various means rather than the ends of different cultures. In this paper, I argue that emotion is a better language for universal dialogue than rationality in two senses. First, the psychologists and anthropologists provide solid evidence to prove that certain emotions are basic and universal among all human beings. For instance, based on his study of facial expression of the Fore people in Papua New Guinea, Ekman (2003) proposed that anger, fear, surprise, disgust, sadness, and happiness are six basic emotions that are universally shared. Other evidence includes studies conducted by Tomkins (1962), Arnold (1960), and Frijda (1986). These basic emotions might serve as the foundation of cross-cultural dialogue because we are evolved to understand the causes and expressions of these emotions in others despite the cultural and social differences. Second, unlike instrumental rationality that focuses solely on how to achieve one’s end, certain emotions are non-egocentric by nature. For instance, compassion is “another-oriented emotion elicited by and congruent with the perceived welfare of another person” (Batson 1991). Chinese philosophy expresses a similar idea with the aid of the concept of Ren, which is the essence of human being, according to Confucianism. Love is another non-egocentric emotion that is constituted by care and concern of the well-being of one’s beloved for his or her own sake. That is, I love you not because loving you makes me happy, instead, it is because loving you makes you happy. Such non-egocentric emotions (other examples include sympathy, empathy, trust, etc.) might encourage and motivate crosscultural dialogue despite the conflict of interest between cultures. While facing multifaceted contemporary problems and crisis, we do not lack rational and intelligent solutions. We lack mutual understanding, reciprocal tolerance, and sustainable collaboration. The role of emotion in establishing a platform of cross-cultural dialogue should not be overlooked.
Conservative Women
Authors: Beck Martha C. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2019

In response to the rise of conservative women, the author engaged in a long and meaningful Socratic dialogue with two self-identified conservative women. The paper describes the conversation (approved by participants), then analyzes it according to various political trends, Jungian and other psychological theories, the author’s dialectical teaching methodology, the value of a traditional liberal arts education and the failure of the intellectual elite in the past 50 years to create and sustain meaningful friendships with fellow citizens from all social sectors and educational levels. Athenian democracy also degenerated into authoritarianism because of the professional elite’s corruption and/or detachment.
The Digitalization of Life
Authors: Sibilia Paula ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2019

The metaphor of machine has been very fertile throughout modernity: it served not only to think but also to design strategies for intervening objects as diverse as cities and the solar system, going through such basic institutions as the school or the factory. The human body also was caught in this movement that insists on identifying all life with some sort of mechanism. Even though that gesture has remained current since the beginning of industrialism, it has suffered significant alterations, especially in recent decades. We will attempt to unravel some senses of the historical transformations that are reconfiguring the fusion of life and machines, in synch with the rapid advances of digital technology.
Philosophy in an Age of Crisis
Authors: Eboh Marie Pauline ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2019

Crisis means “decisive moment,” a dangerous time when action must be taken to avoid a complete disaster. In the digital age, the influx of information is extremely rapid. Many people lack the wisdom and prudence to process data correctly and to take timely moral decisions. Too much information is driving people crazy as increase in knowledge goes with an upsurge in crime rate, particularly cybercrime. This historic period is an era of multiple crises, especially crisis of human values, particularly moral ones. What is so special about the crisis of this age? Why does increase in knowledge not correspond to a rise in civility and economic power for all? Is knowledge no longer empowering? Can humans co-exist in tranquility without moral values? This paper will critically reflect on the concerns raised, the challenges and prospects of the digital age, ask seminal questions and proffer invaluable solutions. And also assert the functional role of philosophy, which is needed in order to stem the moral and social crises of the information age.
Quality and Life
Authors: Zhao Jialing ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2019

With the swift development of technology, the distance among people’s hearts surprisingly becomes further and further. Residents living in the congested cities feel more lonely than those who inhabit countryside. The mass media makes them consider ever ything at hand stereotyped. They parrot their designated work again and again, without passion or enthusiasm. Hence facing these social predicaments and interior struggle, Robert M. Pirsig embarks on a trip to cross America by motorcycle, in order to gain spiritual epiphany and freedom. Therefore, he finds quality is the panacea that may solve the present problems. Quality has a long history, which is closely analogous to Plato’s goodness. Quality is one, just as the supreme spirit in the Buddhist Upanishad whose universe and ego are identical. However, modern technology lacks of oneness, so that each time touching it, people only feel cruel and ugly since both the creator and the owner do not have the sense of identity for their innovative or possessive things. The injection of quality into technology may break through the difficulties resulting from the traditional method of dichotomy for the reason that quality spurs technology to melt nature and human’s soul, creating something that exceeds the two. This thesis aims to probe the meaning of quality and the account of modern crisis caused by the absence of quality. The last part points out how to reconcile the conflict between human’s value and technological needs, so as to achieve the ultimate goal that enhances people’s happiness.
Circuits of Apartheid
Authors: Mboti Nyasha ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: November 2019

This keynote address is about the supply, maintenance and allocation of fungible, vulnerable human bodies—what American President Donald Trump would categorize as the shitholes of the world. Underlying our modern times is a large, unsolved problem about what is really going on in the world. I use the novel theoretical lens of Apartheid Studies to appreciate how we have neglected to read, recognize and call out the persistent circuits of apartheid that are at the heart of global capitalist modernity. Our contemporary age, built on interoperable digital networks, tends to reinforce global forms of apartheid. Apartheid Studies is a new field of studies that makes it possible to expose these circuits. Whereas human beings are human because we all possess a kind of strongly encrypted password which we reserve to give or not to give—so that we feel relatively protected and free to be what we want—this password protection has been eroded by institutions and powerful elites. Modernity itself, by its very nature, emerges when we start to share our passwords with strangers. Passing on the control of the passwords of our being to strangers causes global apartheid. Global capitalist modernity, expressed in invasive technology, generally undermines human beings’ sense of self, immunity, inviolability, indivisibility, and replaces it with social media and an internet of things which are predicated on sharing our privacy with strangers. I propose new emphases on restorative forensics and literacies that are appropriate to the task of generating a scholarship of the future that is ethical and opposed to systemic injustice, that exposes global exploitation, racism, deception, and corruption, and that promotes just worlds.
We are our mobile screen … “We wear all mankind as our skin”
Authors: Carrillo Canán Alberto José Luis ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: November 2019

This text hast three parts: the first is concerned with the concept of form or structure of experience, the second part is devoted to the “electric form” of the experience, and the third part discusses the electric form of the experience generated by the mobile phone. Finally, the text explores the form of the political fostered by the mobile phone as smart phone.
Digital Dissent on WikiLeaks
Authors: Roy Rianka ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: November 2019

This paper is a review of WikiLeaks—a prominent name in digital dissent. It was founded by Julian Assange in 2006. Since its inception, the organization has been exposing classified state and corporate documents on its website to common users of the Internet. Anonymous whistleblowers provide WikiLeaks with content. It creates a new methodology of uniting digital media and journalism. It uses information in an unprecedented way to reveal state and corporate transgressions. This paper analyses how WikiLeaks contributes to information-based capitalism. While the site is a commendable venture to reveal state and corporate secrets, WikiLeaks is not free from its flaws. This paper critiques the way Assange robs whistleblowers of their identities and voices and presents himself as a surrogate hero.
The Birth of Techno-Logos
Authors: Ortiz Maldonado Natalia , Aguirre Gonzalo S. ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

We propose to approach Simondon’s writing as a techno-aesthetic object, as a singular prose of thought. To do so requires assuming Simondon’s technological proposal as the creation of a new mode of knowledge about the technicality of objects, abandoning the idea that the word “technology” can serve to designate a given state of things. This proposal, cultural and educational at the same time, requires a new way of approaching the world, starting with the way we approach reading. The techno-aesthetics of Simondon’s writing also requires a techno-aesthetic reading.
Transcending Language
Authors: Spader Peter
Published: November 2019

It is the goal of this essay to challenge the belief that one never transcends language — that all one knows, indeed all one can meaningfully experience, is defined within language. My challenge lies not in words, but in the use of words to evoke what is beyond language and to invite a lived experience of it. If one accepts this use of language as not only possible, but primary, we ultimately see meaning not within language, but through it. Under the 'rule of evocation' language need not in any way within itself express, reproduce, re-present, or capture what it evokes. It need simply evoke it, and such an evocation is not a re-presentation in language of what is evoked. It is a presentation of the thing itself.
On the Temporal Boundaries of Simple Experiences
Authors: Antony Michael V.
Published: November 2019

I argue that the temporal boundaries of certain experiences — those I call ‘simple experiential events’ (SEEs) — have a different character than the temporal boundaries of the events most frequently associated with experience: neural events. In particular, I argue that the temporal boundaries of SEEs are more sharply defined than those of neural events. Indeed, they are sharper than the boundaries of all physical events at levels of complexity higher than that of elementary particle physics. If correct, it follows that the most common forms of identity theory-functionalism and dualism (according to which neurophysiological (or other complex) events play key roles through identification or correlation) — are mistaken. More positively, the conclusion supports recent approaches that attempt to explain conciousness by appeal to quantum physics.
Yin and Yang: the Nature of Scientific Explanation in a Culture
Authors: Kim Heisook
Published: November 2019

I explore the nature of scientific explanation in a culture centering on the doctrine of yin and yang combined with that of five phrases, wu-hsing (YYFP). I note how YYFP functions as an alternative to the causal way of thinking, as well as the meaning of scientific explanation in a culture. I also consider whether a scientific concept becomes metaphorical when it is superseded by an alternative organizing concept.
A New Vision of Science
Authors: Wallner Fritz
Published: November 2019

Traditional convictions regarding science (such as universalism, necessity and eternal validity) are currently in doubt. Relativism seems to destroy scientific claims to rationality. This paper shows a way to keep the traditional convictions of scientific knowledge while acknowledging relativism. With reference to the practicing scientist, we replace descriptivism with constructivism; we modify relative validity with the claim to understanding; and, we offer methodological strategies for acquiring understanding. These strategies we call strangification, which means taking a scientific proposition system out of its context and putting it in another context. We can thus see the implicit presuppositions of the given proposition system by means of the problems arising out of the application of this procedure. Such a change in the understanding of science holds important consequences.
Media Temporalities in the Internet
Authors: Sandbothe Mike
Published: November 2019

This paper is divided into four sections. The first provides a survey of some significant developments which today determine philosophical dealings with the subject of 'time.' In the second part it is shown how the question of time and the question of media are linked with one another in the views of two contemporary philosophers: Jacques Derrida and Richard Rorty. In section three, the temporal implications of cultural practices which are developing in the new medium of the Internet are analyzed, and finally, related to my main theses.
Synthetic Biology
Authors: Sullins John
Published: November 2019

This paper uses the theory of technoscience to shed light on the current criticisms against the emerging science of Artificial Life. We see that the science of Artificial Life is criticized for the synthetic nature of its research and its over reliance on computer simulations which is seen to be contrary to the traditional goals and methods of science. However, if we break down the traditional distinctions between science and technology using the theory of technoscience, then we can begin to see that all science has a synthetic nature and reliance on technology. Artificial Life researchers are not heretical practitioners of some pseudoscience; they are just more open about their reliance on technology to help realize their theories and modeling. Understanding that science and technology are not as disparate as was once thought is an essential step in helping us create a more humane technoscience in the future.
Valores y Normas Eticas
Authors: Ayala Jorge M.
Published: November 2019

En esta comunicación abordamos un aspecto de la filosofía de los valores: el valor moral. Este participa de la naturaleza y de las características del valor en general, pero también presenta notas específicas. Dos cuestiones se plantean aquí: cómo llegamos al conocimiento del valores moral, y la distinción entre valors y normas éticas. Se concluye haciendo referencia a la educación moral o adquisición de los hábitos morales. Se analiza el concepto de ley. Entre el romanticismo o primacía del amor, y el rigorismo o primacía de la ley existe un término medio, la ley como expresión del bien general querido por el hombre.
A Study on the Hierarchy of Values
Authors: Min Tong-Keun
Published: November 2019

I attempt to look into the issue of the ranks of values comprehensively and progressively. Anti-values can be classified into the following six categories by ascending order: (1) the act of destroying the earth-of annihilating humankind and all other living organisms; (2) the act of mass killing of people by initiating a war or committing treason; (3) the act of murdering or causing death to a human being; (4) the act of damaging the body of a human being; (5) the act of greatly harming society; (6) all other crimes not covered by the above. Higher values can be classified into the following five categories in descending rank: (1) absolute values such as absolute truth, absolute goodness, absolute beauty and absolute holiness; (2) the act of contributing to the development and happiness of humankind; (3) the act of contributing to the nation or the state; (4) the act of contributing to the regional society; (5) the act of cultivating oneself and managing one's family well. Generally, people tend to pursue happiness more eagerly than goodness, but because goodness is the higher value than happiness, we ought to pursue goodness more eagerly. In helping people to get the right sense of values and to internalize it, education and enlightenment of citizens based on the guidance of conscience rather than compulsion will be highly effective.
Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics
Authors: Riukas Stanley
Published: November 2019

The distinction between inherent and instrumental values in ethics could, in my view, be said to represent a contemporary version of both the eudaimonistic distinction between virtues as instruments and forms of happiness as the goals or ends to be achieved through these instruments, and of the deontological distinction between duties and the summum bonum to be, at least ultimately or in an afterlife, achieved through them. The paper identifies and explores what appears to be a threefold relationship between inherent and instrumental values. First, their mutual inseparability is found to be based in the very concept of instrumentality. Second, their parallelism in the relevant respects is seen also to be rooted in their instrumental relation. Third, and very significant, the inherent and instrumental values are discovered to be reversible so that what were inherent values can often become instrumental and vice-versa. Finally, and most importantly, the value and richness of human life is perceived to be nothing else than the function of the richness in values in ethics as well as in other spheres of human life.
Marx and the Two Enlightenments
Authors: Daly James
Published: November 2019

The claim to rationality is disputed by two rival enlightenments, which collided in the dispute between Plato, Socrates and the Sophists, and which Marx united critically. He criticizes the capitalist system immanently as restrictive of production, and its market as not a case of freedom or equality (justice). However, Marx is most concerned with ontological injustice, coerced alienation of the human into being a commodity. He retains Promethean Enlightenment values however: technology, creativity, democracy, which should be economic, participatory and international. Marx criticized Hegel’s rationalization, idealization, ‘transfiguration and glorification’ of private property and the market. But he retains key elements of the idealist notion of human nature: that human is a ‘universal, therefore free being.’ The proletariat, with no other class to exploit, is therefore the philosophical ‘universal class.’ Freedom is class emancipation, justice is common ownership. There is an unwarranted skepticism about the rationality of such values and ideals. Rawls for instance misrepresents them by putting them in the same category as wants or preferences. Ideals, values, and enlightenments can and should be rationally argued over, in dialogue.
L’universel démocratique et ses adaptations socio-culturelles
Authors: Kaboré Boniface
Published: November 2019

Partant du principe que l’idéal démocratique est une norme universelle, la discussion au coeur de ce travail soulève une série de questions causuistiques liées à la mise en oeuvre concrète des démocratiques dans toute société humain, quels que soient ses particularismes socio-historiques et culturels. Cette démarche découle entièrement de l’hypothèse suivant laquelle le problème fondamental de la démocratisation, autrement dit de la domiciliation de l’idéal démocratique, se ramène à celui de son ap-propriation, d l’adaption du principle universal aux structures de base d’une société donnée, produit de conditions socio-culturelles, religieuses, politiques et économiques. Dans le but de dévoiler l’enjeu primordial qui polarise les différents aspects de la question, nous tentons, en premier temps, de mettre en évidence la ‘particularité culturelle’ du modèle de la démocratie libérale. Cette tenative débouche, en fin de compte, sur une remise en question de la prétention universaliste de la démocratie occidentale. Nous discutons ensuite des difficult ensuite des difficultés practiques qu’entraînent l’exigence traditionnelle du multipartisme et la définition des droits et libertés de base dans tout processus de démocratisation. Notre objectif, en abordant ces différentes questions, est de faire ressortir, avant tout, le caractére inextricable, voire insoluble, des problèmes practiques que soulève l’appropriation socio-culturelle de l’idéal démocratique, lesquels problèmes imposent de recourir à une méthode d’analyse cauistique des processus de démocratisation et de ne plus se satisfaire de l’universalisme abstrait et dogmatique.
A Puzzle of Sovereignity
Authors: Lee Steven
Published: November 2019

National sovereignty presents a puzzle. On the one hand, this notion continues to figure importantly in our descriptions of global political change. On the other hand, factors such as the accelerating pace of international economic integration seem to have made the notion anachronistic. This paper is an attempt to resolve this puzzle. Distinguishing between internal sovereignty or supremacy and external sovereignty or independence, I investigate whether some insights from the discussion of the former can be applied to our puzzle concerning the latter. One response to the objection that the notion of internal sovereignty is inapplicable because no group in society holds unlimited political power is to distinguish between different types of internal sovereignty, such as legal and electoral sovereignty. The resolution of the puzzle lies in applying this response strategy to the objection that the notion of external sovereignty is inapplicable because no state is completely independent.
What is to be Distributed?
Authors: Peffer Rodney G.
Published: November 2019

I take up the "What is equality?" controversy begun by Amartya Sen in 1979 by critically considering utility (J. S. Mill), primary goods (John Rawls), property rights (John Roemer) and basic capabilities in terms of what is to be distributed according to principles and theories of social justice. I then consider the four most general principles designed to answer issues raised by the Equality of Welfare principle, Equality of Opportunity for Welfare principle, Equality of Resources principle and Equality of Opportunity for Resources principle. I consider each with respect to the more general normative principle that whatever theory of social or distributive justice we accept should be as ambition sensitive and endowment insensitive as feasible in real world circumstances. In this context I take up the problems of expensive tastes, expensive disabilities, lowered or manipulated preferences or ‘needs,’ and differential needs versus differential talents and abilities. I argue that the best solution is to adopt a modified version of Rawls’ theory which takes primary social goods as that which is to be distributed but which demands a Basic Rights principle that insures basic subsistent rights (as well as basic security rights) as the most fundamental principle of morality (and social justice), and then demands that Rawls’ Difference Principle be applied lexically to the ‘material’ goods of income, wealth, and leisure time, but done so that the social basis of self-respect is never undermined.
A Humean Theory of Distributive Justice for a New Century
Authors: Wein Sheldon
Published: November 2019

This paper suggests a strategy for constructing a contemporary Humean theory of distributive justice which would serve to ground what I call an entrepreneurial welfare state. It is argued that blending David Hume's insights about the origins and purposes of justice with Ronald Dworkin's insurance-based reasoning supporting his equality of resources model of distributive justice will yield a state which, as a matter of justice, encourages its members to engage in entrepreneurial activities and which protects them from the worst extremes of market economies.