bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsep Penataan Tanaman pada Perkampungan Budaya Betawi Setu Babakan, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Reswari Ardana , Besila Qurrotu Aini , Setiawan Eko Adhy
Published: February 2022

To keep and maintain the values of Betawi community cultural arts and environment, the Regional Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta felt the need to realize the Betawi Cultural Village, namely through the Governor’s Decree Special Capital Region of Jakarta No. 92 of 2000, concerning Environmental Arrangement of Betawi Cultural Village in Srengseng Sawah Village, Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta Municipality. Several types of tourism potential developed in the Betawi Cultural Village covering an area of approximately 165 hectares are cultural tourism, agro tourism and water tourism, given the presence of Setu Babakan and also Setu Mangga Bolong in the area. Agro tourism itself is a form of tourism activity that utilizes agriculture (agro) as a tourist attraction. The attraction and uniqueness of agro tourism in the Betawi Cultural Village, the plantation location is not in a special area, but is in the yard of the Betawi Cultural Village Setu Babakan and in the yards of residents' houses. To prioritize Betawi nuances in yards and various other green open spaces, it is necessary to arrange plants that are capable of depicting the faces of the yards, gardens and green open spaces of the Betawi people in the past. It is necessary to investigate the types of plants commonly used by the Betawi people in the past, as well as their composition and cropping patterns, as well as data collection on the latest conditions in the Betawi Cultural Village. The comparison between the two will be the basis of reference for establishing the concept of planting as an effort to preserve culture and plants so that their existence can still be enjoyed by the current community and in the future.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEBISINGAN LALULINTAS TERHADAP V/C RASIO DI SMA NEGERI 70 JAKARTA SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Tafri Firas Ammar , Fachrul Melati Ferianita , Purwaningrum Pramiati
Published: February 2022

Schools are educational facilities that must provide a sense of comfort and calm in learning activities. Noise can interfere with comfort and tranquility in learning activities. The source of school noise comes from traffic and other loud noises. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of traffic noise during the COVID-19 pandemic on the school environment of SMA Negeri 70 Jakarta and efforts to reduce noise levels in the school environment. Noise measurements were carried out for 14 days and carried out in the L1-L5 time segment which was carried out for 10 minutes with data reading every 5 seconds using a Sound Level Meter (SLM). The method used in determining the value of the traffic noise level is to measure the time and number of vehicles that pass through the measurement point along Jalan Raya Bulungan. From the results of the research at SMA Negeri 70 Jakarta, the noise level produced during the 14 days of the COVID-19 pandemic at SMA Negeri 70 Jakarta at points 1,2,3,5,7,8,9, and A exceeded the noise level quality standard. KepMenLH No. 48 of 1996 each has a value of 58.12 dBA; 56.18 dBA; 56.77 dBA; 56.55 dBA; 56.17 dBA; 60.10 dBA; 61.23 dBA; and 67.75 dBA. The V/C ratio at SMA Negeri 70 Jakarta shows the highest level of road service is on the 1st Sunday on Saturday, while the level of road service enters the class A category. At point A has the highest noise value of 67.75 dBA because it is located close to with a noise source, namely Jalan Raya Bulungan, while point 7 which is located far from the noise source has a noise level of 56.17 dBA.
ZONASI TINGKAT KERENTANAN FISIK ATAS BANJIR ROB KECAMATAN TUGU DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Ramdhany Alya Dzakiyyah , Wiranegara Hanny Wahidin , Luru Marselinus Nirwan
Published: February 2022

Tugu District is one of the sub-districts on the coast of Semarang City which is threatened by tidal flooding. In 2029, Tugu District is predicted to be affected by tidal waves due to climate change. The impact is around 53.15% wider than other sub-districts located on the coast of Semarang. The purpose of this research is to arrange zoning based on the level of physical vulnerability of Tugu District to tidal flooding. Research variables include land use, land subsidence, elevation, distance from the beach, and distance from the river. The method of analysis is the analysis of superimpose (overlay) and scoring using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The result of this research is the zoning of the level of physical vulnerability in Tugu District. The zone with a high level of vulnerability is 2195.56 ha, a moderate zone is 697.79 ha and a low zone is 84.13 ha.
PENILAIAN KUALITAS AIR DI SUNGAI CISADANE DILIHAT DARI PARAMETER BOD DAN DO
Authors: Rahmandani Isti , Hendrawan Diana Irvindiaty , Astono Widyo
Published: February 2022

The water quality of the Cisadane River is decreasing downstream with higher levels of pollution. River water quality can be known by measuring several parameters such as BOD and DO parameters. The research time starts from February - June 2021 with a total of 6 sampling points and the purpose of this study is to identify sources of pollutants that have the potential to contaminate the Cisadane River in the middle to downstream segments, analyze water quality. The middle to downstream segment of the Cisadane River is 34 km long and the method used to identify pollutant sources is carried out by conducting field surveys, water quality analysis is carried out in accordance with SNI and compared with quality standards according to PP. 82 of 2001, as well as water quality analysis with BOD and DO parameters. The results of the identification of potential pollutant sources in the middle to downstream segment of the Cisadane River are dominated by settlements, agriculture, industry, and other domestic activities, namely restaurants and stalls. The results of water quality analysis for BOD parameters ranged from 2 mg/L-5.1 mg/L and DO ranged from 5.14 mg/L-7.85 mg/L. For the BOD parameter from all measurement points there are those that meet the quality standard and none meet the quality standard of class 2 (3 mg/L) and the DO parameter meets the quality standard of class 2 (4 mg/L) because the higher the DO value in the water, the solubility oxygen in the water is good.
PENGARUH AKTIVITAS DI BANTARAN SUNGAI CISADANE TERHADAP BEBAN PENCEMAR NITRAT DAN FOSFAT
Authors: Pay Eva , Astono Widyo , Hendrawan Diana Irvindiaty
Published: February 2022

Activities in the Cisadane watershed can be a potential source of pollution resulting in reduced conservation areas, and increased pollutant loads from domestic or industrial waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality of the Cisadane River and the effect of community activities on nitrate and phosphate parameters. This research was conducted from March to June 2021. The scope of the study area is the middle to downstream Cisadane River with 6 sampling locations, starting from the Teuku Umar Bridge to Muara Tanjung Burung along 34 km. The parameters used in this study were temperature, turbidity, DHL, pH, DO, nitrate and phosphate. The method used for the identification of pollutants is carried out by field surveys, water quality analysis is compared with quality standards according to PP No. 22 of 2021. The results of water quality analysis for nitrate parameters range from 0.7 mg/L–1.05 mg/L and phosphate parameters range from 0.7 mg/L–1.1 mg/L. Community activities around the river originating from settlements, agriculture, industry, and domestic activities from restaurants and stalls affect the quality of river water.
MITIGASI RISIKO BANJIR ROB RW 5 UTARA DESA WONOKERTO KULON KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Muhammad Faris Gandi , Fatimah Endrawati , Taki Herika M.
Published: February 2022

Tidal flood due to sea level rise often occurs in the Rukun Warga (local community unit) 5 Utara, Wonokerto Kulon located in costal area of Pekalongan Regency. The risk of tidal flooding is influenced by the physical vulnerability of the area. With the purpose to reduce the risk, it is necessary to carry out mitigation efforts by improving the physical conditions. This study aims to provide recommendation for mitigation efforts suitable for the area based on the levels of risk and physical vulnerability. To achieve the aim, the study identifies the level of hazard, the level of physical vulnerability and the level of risk by using Arc GIS spatial analysis and scoring techniques. The results show that around 44.38% of the area is classified as high-level tidal flood’s hazard. The level of hazards is identified based on height, frequency, and type of inundation. The physical vulnerability of this area is classified as in medium to high-level. The level of vulnerability is classified based on measured by the physical conditions which are buildings density, flooded road network, proximity to sea and rivers and land use. Based on the level of hazard and vulnerability, the tidal flood’s risk of the area is classified as in medium to high level. Recommended mitigation efforts to reduce the risk are conducting coastal zoning regulations, coastal preservation, mangrove conservation, development with adaptive spatial structure, coastal resettlement, and pond retention programs.
KETERKAITAN PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN INDUSTRI DENGAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO SEKTOR INDUSTRI DI KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: Fabriani Kintan Aulia , Sitawati Anita , Sugihartoyo Sugihartoyo
Published: February 2022

The land is a strategic natural resource for development. The need for land for different development sectors creates opportunities for land-use changes. Bekasi Regency is one of the Jakarta buffer areas and has been designated as an industrial zone. With this stipulation, the land-use change for Industry keeps increasing in Bekasi Regency. The changes in land use from non-built land to built land can be characterized as one of the characteristics of land-use changes in urban areas. On the other hand, land-use change can be associated with economic growth. In the regional scope, economic growth is measured based on the amount of Gross Regional Domestic Product. In line with this, in Bekasi Regency, there is a deceleration of economic growth and the value of gross regional domestic product. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between industrial land-use changes and industrial sector of the gross regional domestic product in Bekasi Regency in 2011 - 2020. The method used to analyze in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis and correlation analysis. The results of the study have shown that the growth of the industrial land area has no relationship with the growth of industrial sector of the gross regional domestic product, which is indicated by a negative correlation result.
ZONASI TINGKAT KERENTANAN TERHADAP BENCANA BANJIR DI KECAMATAN GUNUNG PUTRI KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Utami Astri Rusbianti , Wiranegara Hanny Wahidin , Taki Herika Muhamad
Published: February 2022

Flood is a phenomenon of submerging or inundating of an area. Based on the Bogor Regency Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2019 concerning the 2018-2023 Regional Medium-Term Development Plan, there are seven sub-districts in Bogor Regency that have a high level of vulnerability to flood disasters. One of these sub-districts is Gunung Putri District. This sub-district is the worst and most affected by the flood disaster due to the overflow of the Cikeas River and the Cileungsi River that surrounds it during high rainfall intensity for a long time. The purpose of this research is to arrange zoning based on the level of vulnerability to flood disasters. The method used is overlay and scoring techniques. The level of vulnerability is determined based on the river buffer, elevation, slope, and land use. The results showed a zoning map of the level of flood vulnerability in Gunung Putri District. The zone with a high level of flood vulnerability is 3864.83 Ha, the moderate zone is 1662.87 Ha, and the low is 561.68 Ha from the area of Gunung Putri District.
PENENTUAN LOKASI DAN JALUR EVAKUASI TSUNAMI DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR JAWA BARAT
Authors: Souhuwat Danly , Situmorang Rahel , Taki Herika Muhamad
Published: February 2022

The villages of Sukapura, Cisalak, and Jayapura in Cidaun Subdistrict, Cianjur Regency, West Java are three of the 584 villages on the south coast of Java which are very prone to tsunamis with a high hazard class. In the 2011-2031 Cianjur Regency Spatial Plan, the area designated as the site and route for tsunami evacuation is very far from the villages of Sukapura, Cisalak and Jayapura. The purpose of this study was to identify the site and route of tsunami evacuation in the three village areas. The method used in this research is tsunami run-up modeling with a model builder to measure the tsunami inundation area. Determination of tsunami evacuation sites uses overlay analysis, while determining tsunami evacuation routes uses network analysis. The results of this study, there are 17 tsunami evacuation sites and 5 tsunami evacuation routes to the nearest evacuation location in each village area. The research is expected to provide an overview for the local community and advice for the government in order to increase awareness and mitigate tsunami disasters.
POTENSI PARIWISATA DANAU SENTANI DI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA, PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Wandikbo Joice Orlince Andarita , Wiranegara Hanny Wahidin , Luru Marselinus Nirwan
Published: February 2022

Lake Sentani is a tourist destination that can be excelled in Jayapura Regency due to its location close to the Sentani international airport in Papua Province. In reality, the Lake Sentani area has not become a tourist destination for domestic and international tourists. This study aims to identify the potential elements of tourism in the Lake Sentani area that need to be developed. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with data were carried out through field observations, collection of documentation and maps, and questionnaires. The analytical technique used is a weighting score based on the Guidelines for Assessment of Tourist Attractions of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (ODTWA PHKA 2003) and then calculates the level of feasibility or potential using the feasibility index according to Karsudi (2010). The tourism elements analyzed include tourist attraction, supporting facilities, accessibility and community involvement. The results of the study indicate that the tourist attraction elements are feasible to be developed. There are more than 5 types of touritst attractions, including the uniqueness and beauty of natural resources. Supporting facilities deserve to be developed to support the needs of tourists. The availability of cafes/restaurants and shopping centers needs to be improved at each tourist attraction such as Khalkote Beach, Asei Island and Ayapo. Accessibility deserves to be developed, both by improving roads and providing transportation modes. The community involvement element deserves to be developed related to cleanliness issue in the Lake Sentani area
EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH MEDIS DI RSUD KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Purwaningrum Pramiati , Indrawati Dwi , Yulinawati Hernani
Published: February 2022

Health care facilities produce medical solid waste such as household waste and waste categorized as medical waste as well as large amounts of hazardous and toxic waste (B3). From the risks posed, the solid waste produced by health care facilities which is non-medical waste, namely household waste does not contain risks, the amount is around 70-90%. While the remaining 10-25% is waste that can cause various health impacts because it is considered dangerous. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risks that can arise from the waste generated by health care facilities and to evaluate the waste management of health agencies. The stages of this research include preparation, literature review, data collection both primary and secondary data, data analysis, and data evaluation. The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019 to 2020 resulted in a significant increase in the generation of medical waste at the Tangerang City General Hospital by 77.1%. Transportation of B3 waste by third parties is hampered because the amount of solid medical waste has increased in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Transport inaccessibility of Georgia in the 1770s – 1860s
Authors: Bugaev Denis Sergeevich
Published: February 2022

Based on the source study of the publications of the travelers’ diary entries, this article examines the transport inaccessibility of Eastern Georgia during the 1770s – 1860s. The goal lies in determining the impact of transport inaccessibility upon the implementation of pro-Russian goals. The author aims to determine the level of transport inaccessibility of Eastern Georgia on the imperial and local levels as the negative factors for the travelers in this region. The article employs the methods of the archeology of knowledge in the classical tradition of M. Foucault and discourse analysis of micro-historical scale in the classical interpretation of C. Ginzburg. Traditionally, the attention of researchers is focused on the positive integration processes, while the isolationist anti-globalist practices that contradict these ideas and their justifications are not reflected by the researchers. A non-biased account of anti-globalist practices significantly complements the known historical facts, and allows providing a new interpretation that is relevant against the background of the ongoing in the region ethno-national "renaissance". The scientific novelty lies in articulation of the problem: based on the travelers’ diaries, the author characterizes the impact of transport inaccessibility upon the implementation of pro-Russian tasks in the 1770s – 1860s. The mechanism for integration of the Georgian population lies in the development of land routes, which the Russian Empire regarded as the most effective way to establish its presence in the region, allowing it to quickly transfer resources and attract local producers of goods to the Russian markets. The article discusses a popular scientific opinion that Russia through interaction with the Russian and obtaining practical benefits by the Georgian, intended to arouse the interest of the latter to the model of social structure and culture of metropole. The conclusion is made that the centripetal policy faced negative factors of inaccessibility of Eastern Georgia on the imperial and local levels.
Processualism and substantialism as two philosophical paradigms
Authors: Bydanov Viktor Evgen'evich , Stanzhevskii Fedor Alekseevich
Published: February 2022

The subject of this research is the advantage of the ontology of process over the ontology of substance in description of the ontological structure of the world. Analysis is conducted on the comparative heuristic potential of essentialism and substantialism on the one hand, and philosophy of the process on the other hand. Essentialism postulates stable, mature, already constituted objects with objectively given essential characteristics that form profound structure of the object. The clearly differentiated array of concepts and categories that reflects the structure of reality and the nature of things is placed on the reality in the flow of becoming. The philosophy of process, in turn, insists on the dynamic and relational nature of reality, and considers time to be the factor constitutive of reality. The fabric of reality is comprised of the processes that relate and interact with other processes forming their dynamic context. The article demonstrates the applicability of the ontology of process in biology, namely on the example of the phenomenon of symbiosis and holobionts. The arguments are provided that the object can be ontologically described as a process; however, a range of processes (for example, photosynthesis) cannot be analyzed in the object categories. Criticism is expressed towards the concept of essential properties of the substance, taking into account perspectivism and variants of the processes of with objects. It is indicated that gradualism characteristics to the philosophy of process allows removing dichotomies and introducing nuances into the binary picture of reality. The novelty of this work consists in highlighting the questions faced by the philosophy of process, namely the question of determination of the status of time essential for determining the process as the basic ontological entity.
The clouds against progress: technoscience, environment and the U.S./Brazil “Radar in Amazon Project” (RADAM) (1970-1975)
Authors: Gomes Moreira Cruz Leandro , da Silva Claiton Marcio
Published: March 2022

This article explores the creation of the “Radar in Amazon Project” (RADAM), a technoscientific project developed through a joint Brazil/United States technical cooperation, originally designed for Amazon territorial mapping in 1970 and then extended to national territory in 1975. More specifically, the article discusses the role of humans and non-humans during the project’s survey of the country’s natural resources that took place during the Brazilian dictatorship (1964-1985), with particular focus on how nature challenged the program. By analyzing original documents such as reports, ordinances, scientific papers, and newspapers available at the National Archive of Brazil and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, this article discusses the entanglements between humans and non-humans in the formation of the RADAM; in addition, we explore how the project contributed to the development policy set forth by the military government. The paper is divided into four sections. First, technical cooperation between Brazil and the U.S. after World War II. Second, the creation of RADAM. Third, the role of the non-human/human assemblages within the emergence of radar as a new technology. Last, the paper discusses how the state mobilized RADAM’s achievements as a pillar of support for the dictatorship.
Military Influence on Industrial Policy in Brazil During the 20th and Early 21st Centuries
Authors: Brustolin Vitelio
Published: March 2022

The defense industry is part of a country’s industrial base and often has multiple uses, serving both civilian and military purposes. It does not stand alone and is a significant part of the country’s industry. From this perspective, this article demonstrates the Brazilian military’s influence on industrialization policies. Such influence has not always been vested with legitimacy, as in the 1964 coup d’état and the subsequent military government (1964-1985), nor has it always been due to internal reasons. Political-military events, such as World War I and especially World War II, have directly affected the country’s industrialization policies. The methodology employed in this article is a review of policies, institutions, laws, and historical facts. The conclusions highlight that during the 20th century Brazil went from the stage of not producing defense equipment to the status of one of the largest exporters in the world. This role underwent profound changes in the 1990s, and 2000s. However, there are threats that a new dictatorship could be established in Brazil. If the country suffers another democratic-era coup d’état, what happened in the 1990s could repeat itself. That is, deindustrialization and the subsequent dismantling of what remains of the defense industry, which would also affect the civilian industry.
Bertrand Russell’s epistemology: towards neutral monism
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Didikin A. B.
Published: March 2022

The article presents the evolution of the ideological views of the British philosopher Bertrand Russell on the nature of knowledge and the methodological principles underlying the cognition theory. It examines arguments showing the gradual change tendency of Russell’s epistemology towards neutral monism as a concept that removes the contradictions between the mental and physical in matters of cognition of the surrounding world.
Analysing the Speaking and Writing Competence of an Indonesian Student in the USA: A Case Study
Authors: Roza Delvia
Published: February 2022

This case study is aimed to examine the communicative competence of an Indonesian student who is studying in one of the United States Universities. The evaluation of the communicative competence, such as speaking and writing, was based on the theory of Communicative Competence (CC) proposed by Celce-Murcia (2008). The spoken and written data given were from the IELTS test format.  The spoken data was collected by face-to-face interview through the Skype application, while the written data was collected by sending the participant two models of the IELTS writing test, Academic and General Training model tests, through email. These data were analysed by transcribing the interview and written word-processed. It was found that the participant demonstrated strengths as well as limitation in communicative competence. It is suggested for the participant to take the opportunity to communicate with the native speakers as much as possible while he is staying in the United States.

 

Keywords: Communicative Competence (CC), Speaking, Writing
Investigating Students’ Listening Skill Using Liveworksheet As An Outline Teaching Platform
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Asari Slamet
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted education, so we need suitable media, especially for listening skills; one of the right platforms is liveworksheets. Liveworksheet provides many convenient features and a creative, innovative, and interactive platform in which there is an added interest for online learning to activities that show their listening skills ability. This study aimed to determine the students' listening skill ability and perspectives through liveworksheet platform. This study uses a quantitative method, and uses questionnaires also test survey instruments. The participants of this study were 52 students grade 2 at Ban KaengSriphum Junior High School, Loei, Thailand. The results showed that from the pre-test and post-test, liveworksheet can help student to their listening skill ability. Then, 50.9% of students strongly agree that listening lessons are essential, 43.4% strongly agree that the liveworksheet is an effective platform, 44.2% strongly agree that the platform needs to be maintained, 43.4 % strongly agree that liveworksheets are the expected media, and 39.6% of students strongly agree that liveworksheets are easy to reach media for listening skills. From these results, it can be said that liveworksheets platform can help students in listening skills ability.Keywords: Students Perspective, Liveworksheet, Listening Skill Ability
The Correlation between Morphological Awareness and Vocabulary Mastery of The Fifth Semester Students of English Department of FKIP Universitas Riau
Authors: Nyayu Muharomah Arviyolla  , Delfi Syofia , Dahnilsyah
Published: February 2022

This research changed into meant to discover the. Correlation. between morphological. awareness. and. vocabulary., mastery. of the 5th  semester.  Students. of English, Department. of FKIP Universitas Riau. In this research, the research design was correlational design. Correlational is   the types in. quantitative approach and the research, population was the, fifth semester. Students. of .English .Department of FKIP Universitas Riau. There are 39 students.from the 5th semester of English Department of FKIP Universitas Riau were selected and the sample was taken by using cluster random, sampling. The research instruments, of this study were morphological awareness test and vocabulary level, test. The data showed that 59.84 of frequency distribution mean score of morphological awareness were moderate level and 71.61 of frequency distribution mean score of vocabulary mastery were high vocabulary level. Additionally, the correlation coefficient was 0.601, which was on a scale from 0.00 - 1.00. The findings of this study indicated a positive, correlation between, two variables. According to this result, the correlation, between students' morphological, awareness and, their, vocabulary, mastery was classified as strong correlation. To facilitate students' understanding of the correlation, between, morphological awareness and vocabulary mastery, this, research would analyze the correlation between the two.
An Analysis of Indonesian-Eglish Code Mixing Used in Social Media (TWITTER)
Authors: Cindy Nabila  , Andi Idayani
Published: February 2022

This study entitled An Analysis of Indonesian-English Code Mixing on Social Media was examined by the researcher (Twitter). The goal of this study is to determine the form and function of Indonesian-English code-mixing on Twitter. A descriptive qualitative method was used to perform this study. The data for this study employed the tweets of influential people on Twitter. The instrument utilized by this researcher was documentation. This study was carried out entirely online, primarily on Twitter. The influencers' tweets were screenshotted by the researcher. The data was then categorized as code-mixing by the researcher. The findings showed that there are six forms of code-mixing in Twitter, such as code-mixing of Word 53 data, code-mixing of Phrase 20 data, code-mixing of Hybrid 8 data, code-mixing of Word Reduplication 1 data, code-mixing of Idiom 7 data, code-mixing of Clause 25 data. The researcher found some relevant purposes of code-mixing in Twitter. They are need feeling motive, be more informative, make jokes, expressing their emotions.
Capillary Electrophoresis for Sampling Single Nerve Cells
Authors: Olefirowicz Teresa M. , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: February 2022

Two micro-capillary electrophoresis techniques are underdevelopment to acquire and determine catecholamines in single nerve cells. The first method involves the analysis of neurotransmitters in a portion of cytoplasm withdrawn from a single cell, and the second method involves the determination
of neurotransmitters in a whole nerve cell. Amperometric detection can be used to determine the easliy oxidized species in both of these methods. A large dopamine-containing cell in the brain of the pond snail, Planorbis corneus, has been used as a model system to evaluate both of these
microsampling techniques. Results for both the acquisition and separation of neurotransmitters in whole nerve cells as well as the analysis of small portions of single cell cytoplasm are presented here.
Hoch effiziente, präparative chromatographische Enantiomerentrennung von 2-Phenyl-1,3-dioxin-4-onen an Cellulose-triacetat und Cuprat-Additionen zu β-Hydroxycarbonsäure-Derivaten
Authors: Seebach Dieter , Gysel Urs , Kinkel Joachim N.
Published: February 2022

The 2-Phenyl-dioxinones 1 and 2 are resolved on cellulose-triacetate columns (medium pressure, eluent MeOH, separation factors α = 2.0–2.3, injection of g amounts). The enantiomerically pure formyl- and acetylacetate derivatives, thus available undergo diastereoselective (97–99% ds) 1,4-additions with CuCl-doped Grignard reagents or with cuprates to give the dioxanones 5,9, and 10. Eventually, 3-hydroxy-carboxylic acids, esters, and O-benzyl-protected acids (6, 8, 11–13) can be prepared with >96% enantiomeric excess; otherwise not readily available derivatives with a tertiary 3-hydroxy group are accessible by this route (see 11, 12). Two peculiar stereoselective reactions are reported: i) the inversion of configuration upon bromination of the dioxinone 2 ((–)-(R)-2 → (+)-(S)-4) and ii) the highly diastereoselective (91% ds) cleavage of the 2-phenyl-dioxanone 10 with D2/Pd-C(→13). Configurational assignments are based on nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) and on chemical correlations.
Potentiometric Detector for Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Haber Carsten , Silvestri Ivo , Röösli Stephan , Simon Wilhelm
Published: February 2022

The use of a potentiometric microelectrode as an end-column detector in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is described. Uncoated fused silica capillaries with an internal diameter (I. D.) of 25 μm are used. The microelectrode is placed a few micrometers behind the capillary end. Due to its high internal resistance (108–1011 Ω), special devices to decouple the potentiometric detector from the electrophoretic current are not necessary. The composition of the liquid membrane of the microelectrode was especially designed to show a good response for most cations except magnesium, which was used as a background electrolyte. Separations are carried out at potentials ranging from 15 to 20 kV. With this method, alkali and alkali earth metals are successfully separated and directly detected down to concentrations of ca. 10-7–10-8 mol/l.
(S)-Trolox™ Methyl Ether: a Powerful Derivatizing Reagent for the GC Determination of the Enantiomers of Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Walther Willy , Vettert Walter , Vecchi Max , Schneider Heinz , Müller Robert Karl , Netscher Thomas
Published: February 2022

(S)-Trolox™ methyl ether 5a prepared from the racemic commercial antioxidant Trolox™ is presented as a new chiral reagent for the GC analysis of stereoisomeric primary and secondary alcohols. The superiority to the hitherto
known reagents is demonstrated by some examples.
Monitoring of Carboxypeptidase Digestion by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Schär Martin , Börnsen K. Olaf , Gassmann Ernst , Widmer H. Michael
Published: February 2022

The potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) is demonstrated by monitoring and analyzing the digestion of (human) pTH (1–34), a synthetic peptide with carboxypeptidases Y and B. All occurring ion signals in the mass spectra could
be identified as degraded peptides. By calculating the mass differences between successive degraded peptides, it was possible to identify the released amino acids and to determine 8 amino acids of the C-terminus of the original peptide. For a single MS measurement, only 2 pmol of substrate
was needed. Time-course analysis of the cleavage of the first amino acid residue gave insight into the kinetics involved. These measurements strongly support the hope that quantitative information about concentrations can be extracted from LDI-MS.
Liquid Chromatographic Resolution and Bioassay of Napropamide Herbicide Enantiomers
Authors: Müller Markus D. , Wacker Rolf , Bosshardt Hans-Paul
Published: February 2022

The enantiomers of the herbicide napropamide (1) were separated on a ?g-scale using chiral liquid chromatography and submitted to a bioassay for herbicidal activity using a wheat germ test. Under these conditions, only one enantiomer showed herbicidal activity. The potential
for reducing the application rate of pesticides by omitting isomeric ballast is discussed.
Chromatographic Methods and Transport of Chemicals in Soils
Authors: Borkovec Michal , Buchter Bernhard , Sticher Hans , Behra Philippe , Sardin Michel
Published: February 2022

Transport of chemicals in soils and groundwater aquifers has become an increasingly important field in hydrology and soil science. Much progress in this field originates from the picture of the soil as a giant chromatography column. Therefore, one uses successfully concepts borrowed
from chromatography theory. The applicability of such ideas for the description of the transport of chemicals in the field is reviewed.
Verhalten von Kupfer, Zink und Cadmium in einem stark belasteten Kalkboden
Authors: Federer Peter , Sticher Hans
Published: February 2022

Near a brass foundry, the soil is severely polluted by the heavy metals cadmium, copper, and zinc which have been emitted for more than 80 years. Lime and clay present in the soil result in high pH and high adsorption capacity, leading to a small mobility of the metals. Therefore, the
heavy-metal pollution is localized in the upper 25 cm of the soil. The enrichment of the metals in the topsoil substantially decreases biological decomposition rate and breakdown of the litter. The fertility of the soil is disturbed and the meagre vegetation on the site is strongly polluted.The
three metals differ in their binding forms and their mobility. Cadmium is particularly adsorbed in the diffuse layer of the cation exchanger or associated with carbonates, which results in a relatively high plant availability. On the other hand, the exchangeable amounts of copper and zinc
are small. Main binding forms of these metals are association with carbonates or iron oxides and especially in the case of copper the complexation by humic substances. In the soil solution, hydrated ions are the main species of cadmium and zinc, whereas copper is almost exclusively complexed
by dissolved organic matter (DOC). As hydrated ions are preferentially taken up by plants, the availability of cadmium and zinc is greater than that of copper.
LONZADATA: ein computergestütztes Düngungsberatungssystem unter Nutzung eines ICP-AES-Analysengerätes
Authors: Baumgartner Max
Published: February 2022

LONZA is the largest manufacturer of fertilizers in Switzerland. Since the early 1980s, the company has been developing technical solutions for a better fertilization practice. Instruments for fertilization control include test kits for farmers as well as laboratory capacities
to analyse soil, plants (crops) and farm manure. ICP-AES spectrochemistry and a large software package helps to make precise recommandations. This advisory system is called LONZADATA. The ICP-AES spectrochemistry enables to analyse a large number of relevant elements in soil, plant, and farm
manure samples. Plant nutrients as well as heavy metals like Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr are analyzed. The LONZADATA system helps the farmer to optimize the use of farm manure, minimize the use of fertilizers, find plant nutrition deficiencies, improve soil fertility, detect the presence of heavy metals
and to estimate the turnover of nutrients and of heavy metals. Furthermore, the report deals with the needed investigations to establish such an advisory system.
Grossansätze zur Herstellung von α,α,α',α'-Tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolan-4,5-dimethanolen (TADDOLe): Nützliche Hilfsstoffe für die EPC-Synthese und ihre Struktur im Festkörper
Authors: Beck Albert K. , Bastani Bahram , Plattner Dietmar A. , Petter Walter , Seebach Dieter , Braunschweiger Hans , Gysid Peter , La Vecchia Luigi
Published: February 2022

The large-scale preparation of α,α,α',α'-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolan-4,5-dimethanol derivatives is described. It consists of acetalization of dimethyl tartrate and Grignard addition. The diols 2–12 thus obtained are crystalline and stable. They are useful as versatile auxiliaries for enantioselective reactions and for resolutions by clathrate formation. The X-ray crystal structure of the inclusion compound from one of the TADDOLs and CCl4 is described (6·2 CCl4) and compared with the structures of analogous derivatives, including C2-symmetrical diphosphines. Reference is given to other chiral auxiliaries containing the diaryl-methanol group.
Environment Protection by Practical Chemistry: A General Chemistry Laboratory Course with a Minimum of Chemical Waste
Authors: Fischer Hanns
Published: February 2022

A first year chemistry-laboratory course for 170–210 students has been reorganized to minimize its chemical residues by input reduction and substitution, networking of material flows, separate collection, and recycling at the source. Compared to previous years, the problematic
wastes were reduced by a factor of ca. 100 and total now less than 15 kg per academic year. The general types of student exercises, teaching aims, time tables, and organization were not affected, and the fraction of student time devoted to recycling is less than 10%. Permanent additional
manpower and budget increases are not required. The strategies and proceedings are outlined and illustrated for selected student exercises. Implications for environment protection by practical chemistry are indicated.
Enzymatic Hydroxylations in Industrial Application
Authors: Kulla Hans G.
Published: February 2022

In 1983, Lonza Ltd. initiated a small research group serving as a nucleus for the introduction of biotechnology to our organic intermediates and fine chemicals business. Over the past years we experienced vigorous growth and two projects reached industrial maturity: i) 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (1) is a versatile building block derived by regiospecific hydroxylation of nicotinic acid (or niacin) (2), a B-group vitamin produced by Lonza. Thus, our first biotechnological product is fully integrated into the main product stream of Lonza's chemical production. ii) L-Carnitine (3) is synthesized by stereospecific hydroxylation of 4-butyrobetaine (4) in a β-oxidation process analogous to fatty-acid degradation. L-Carnitine (3) is a vitamin-like substance with interesting physiological capacities. Both processes are based on interrupted catabolic pathways of microbial origin. Production is on a multi-ton scale.
Acetoxymaleic Anhydride as Ketene Equivalent in the Diels-Alder Reaction
Authors: Wenkert Ernest , Vial Christian , Näf Ferdinand
Published: March 2022

Acetoxymaleic anhydride (AMA) has been shown to be a versatile ketene equivalent in the Diels-Alder reaction for the conversion of 1,3-dienes into cyclohexanones. The new transformation has been applied to an alternate synthesis of methyl cis-dihydrojasmonate, an important
jasmine fragrance, and to several model systems.
Administrative and technical obstacles of school principals in the Directorate of Education in the North Western Badia District and their proposals to address them: المعوقات الإدارية والفنيّة لدى مديري المدارس في مديرية التربية والتعليم بلواء البادية الشمالية الغربية ومقترحاتهم لمعالجتها
Authors: Afaf Nasser Sauh Shawaqfeh Afaf Nasser Sauh Shawaqfeh
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to identify the reality of administrative and technical obstacles to school principals in the Directorate of Education for the North West Badia and their suggestions to address them and to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used, and the tool was a survey of (35) paragraph, which has been distributed to a sample 130) principal ; The results showed that the degree of obstacles on the community as a whole had an average (4.16 of 5) and at the field of areas; The fields on students received at the top of the average (4.41) and the constraints of the technological equipment for the school at average (4.39) and the obstacles to the implementation of the curriculum at an average (4.25) and all of which is a verbal estimate (very large); Constraints relating to the local community (3.97) and fifth; Constraints on teachers with average (3.76) and two of the last two verbal assessment (large), and the results have no statistically significant differences at a significant level (0.05 = α) is attributed to the impact of gender in all areas and in total level, except for the constraints of teachers and the differences in favor of male, There are statistically significant differences for the impact of scientific qualifications in all fields. According to the results, the researcher recommended the participation of staff and entities in the face of administrative and technical constraints through the use of their views, to find ways to facilitate and overcome them.
The Degree of Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership in Improving the Organizational Innovation Level from Principals Perspective in Ajloun Governorate School: درجة فاعلية القيادة التحويلية في تحسين مستوى الإبداع الإداري من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس الحكومية في محافظة عجلون
Authors: Mufid Mohammd Jamal BanyAta Mufid Mohammd Jamal BanyAta
Published: March 2022

This Study aimed to identify the degree of effectiveness of transformational leadership in improving the organizational innovation level from principals perspective in Ajloun governorate school, the researcher used the Descriptive approaches, study Sample consisted from (90) Female and male principals, chosen randomly, to collect data Questioner used, which consisted (18) paragraph, the result of SPSS analysis shown that the degree of effectiveness of transformational leadership in improving the organizational innovation level from principals perspective in Ajloun governorate school was moderated with average (3.66 out of 5) , The finding also showed there is no statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) refers to principal sex (male and female) in addition there were statistically significant differences refers to years of experience in favor of (11 years and more). The researcher recommends the necessity of paying attention to the work environment, and trying to create an environment that encourages leaders in national institutions to practice transformational leadership behaviors.
The degree to which high school administrators manage the educational crisis in Ajloun province under the Corona pandemic from the point of view of teachers: درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس الثانوية لإدارة الأزمة التعليمية في محافظة عجلون في ظل جائحة كورونا من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: Alaa Kamal Sami Momani Alaa Kamal Sami Momani
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the degree to which secondary school administrators practiced managing the educational crisis in Ajloun province under the Corona pandemic from the point of view of teachers. The researcher used the analytical descriptive curriculum, using the resolution study tool distributed to a group of school teachers in Ajloun province. (93) Teachers selected in a simple, random manner. The study found the following findings. The results of the study showed the degree to which high school administrators practiced to manage the educational crisis in Ajloun province in the Corona pandemic, from the point of view of teachers. 3.411 That is, the degree of consent readiness (average), and the absence of statistically significant differences between the computational averages of the responses of sample members to the tool as a whole attributable to variables (gender, experience), In the light of the findings, the researcher recommended that all schools should be equipped with the appropriate tools, tools and various equipment to help manage and respond to the crisis in a more effective manner, and that appropriate channels of communication and communication should be put in place between the components of the educational process and the various departments in order to respond to and manage crises effectively and with high capacity.