bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riding two Horses at Once: The Combined Roles of Mastery and Performance Climates in Implementing Creative Ideas
Authors: Škerlavaj Miha , Černe Matej , Dysvik Anders , Nerstad Christina G.L. , Su Chunke
Published: November 2017

Not all creative ideas end up being implemented. Drawing on micro‐innovation literature and achievement goal theory, we propose that the interplay of two types of work motivational climates (mastery and performance) moderates a curvilinear relationship between the frequency of idea‐generation and idea‐implementation behavior. Field studies in two non‐Western countries (China, with a study of 117 employees nested within 21 groups, and Slovenia, with a study of 240 employees nested within 34 groups) revealed a three‐way interaction of idea generation, performance climate, and mastery climate as joint predictors of idea implementation. Specifically, results of random coefficient modeling show that when combined, mastery and performance climates transform the relationship between the frequency of idea generation and idea implementation from an inverse U‐shaped curvilinear relationship to a positive and more linear one. These findings suggest that ideas are most frequently implemented in organizational contexts characterized by both high‐mastery and high‐performance climates. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Review of the genus Eusterinx Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) with descriptions of five new species from South Korea
Authors: Humala Andrei E. , Choi Jin‐Kyung , Lee Jong‐Wook
Published: November 2017

South Korean species of the genus Eusterinx Förster are reviewed here. Nine species of the genus Eusterinx are found to occur in South Korea, and five species, Eusterinx (E.) elongata sp. nov., E. (Holomeristus) hirtis sp. nov., E. (Ischyracis) fulvipes sp. nov., E. (I.) petiolata sp. nov. and E. (I.) rufithorax sp. nov., are described. Four more species of Eusterinx from subgenera Divinatrix, Eusterinx and Holomeristus are recorded from South Korea for the first time. Hitherto, unknown male of the Eastern Palaearctic species E. (Divinatrix) kurilensis Humala is described. A key to all known species of the genus Eusterinx occurring in South Korea is provided.
Motivation, organisational support and satisfaction with life for private sector teachers in Brazilian Higher Education
Authors: Pauli Jandir , Chambel Maria José , Capellari Márcia Rodrigues , Rissi Vanessa
Published: November 2017

This research aims to investigate the organisational factors that influence the motivation to work and their consequences on health perception and satisfaction with life for teachers in private Higher Education institutions. The study has emerged as a result of the need to understand the teaching profession in Brazil since the implementation of the Higher Education reform, which began in the 2000s and is characterised by a predominantly private expansion. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted with 148 teachers who answered a survey questionnaire. The results demonstrate that perceived organisational support and the relationship with the leader influence teachers' autonomous motivation. In addition, autonomous motivation was observed to partially mediate perceived organisational support, health perception and satisfaction with life; the findings also indicate mediation between the leader–follower relationship (LMX) with their health perception and general satisfaction with life.
Microbial transglutaminase enhances antioxidant activity of yogurt through altering pattern of water‐soluble peptides and increasing release of amino acids
Authors: Yuan HaiNa , Lv JianMin , Gong JinYan , Xiao HaiLong , Zhao GuangSheng , Xiao GongNian , Xu Hui , Wang WenChao
Published: November 2017

This study compared the antioxidant capacity of yogurt with and without microbial transglutaminase treatment after milk fermentation, and investigated the correlation between antioxidant property and the water‐soluble peptides and amino acids composition. Results showed that small molecular peptide fraction exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than large peptides. Microbial transglutaminase yogurt isolated fraction had stronger antioxidant capacity than that from the control. Microbial transglutaminase altered the peptides composition, and resulted in higher amount of small molecular peptides (<1.5 kDa) mainly consisting of κ‐casein‐derived peptides in yogurt. The dominant peptides sequences (IAKYI, IAKYIPI, IAKYIPIQY, PYYAK and NQFLPYPYYAK) in the treated yogurt were different from those in the control (PYPQ, VLPVPQKAVPYPQ, PVPQKAVPYPQ and VLSRYPSYGLN). Microbial transglutaminase improved the composition and concentration of amino acids in yogurt.
Lentil protein: a review of functional properties and food application. An overview of lentil protein functionality
Authors: Jarpa‐Parra Marcela
Published: November 2017

There is an increased interest, driven by environmental sustainability and food security points of view, in seeking new protein sources as alternatives to replace animal proteins (Day, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 32, 2016, 25). Pulse proteins, including lentil proteins (LP), are promising good substitutes as the wide variety of functional properties shown by them (Alsohaimy et al., World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 2007, 123; Boye et al., Food Research International, 43, 2010a, 537). Interest in LP has grown due to its high nutritional value, good Leu/Ile and Leu/Lys ratios (1.24–1.98 and 1.08–2.03, respectively) (Urbano et al., Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times, 2007, 47, Berlin: Springer), high digestibility (~83%) (Barbana & Boye, Food & Function, 4, 2013, 310), and its potential use in food product applications (Farooq & Boye, Novel Food and Industrial Applications of Pulse Flours and Fractions. Pulse Foods, 1st edn, 2011, Amsterdam: Elsevier Ltd; Aider et al., Journal of Food Research, 1, 2012, 160; De la Hera et al., LWT – Food Science and Technology, 49, 2012, 48; Turfani et al., LWT – Food Science and Technology, 78, 2017, 361). On the other hand, great progress has been made lately to reveal the good functionality of LP such as solubility and emulsifying, foaming and gelation capacities (Avramenko et al., Food Research International, 81, 2016, 17; Jarpa‐Parra et al., Food Hydrocolloids, 61, 2016, 903; Primozic et al., Food Chemistry, 237, 2017, 65). However, the relatively unknown relationship between its molecular structure and functionalities and the lack of knowledge of the impact of the extraction and environmental conditions on those properties has hindered the exploitation of their full potential. This review describes the current knowledge of the LP structure, physical chemistry and functional properties, and its potential role as an ingredient for the development of food grade products. The gap between the current knowledge and what remains to be known is emphasised.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer with loss of immunohistochemical expression of the DNA mismatch repair proteins in universal screening
Authors: Urakami Shinji , Inoshita Naoko , Oka Suguru , Miyama Yu , Nomura Sachio , Arai Masami , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Kurosawa Kazuhiro , Okaneya Toshikazu
Published: November 2017

Objectives

To assess the detection rate of putative Lynch syndrome‐associated upper urinary tract urothelial cancer among all upper urinary tract urothelial cancers and to examine its clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods

A total of 143 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer who had received total nephroureterectomy were immunohistochemically stained for the expression of mismatch repair proteins MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6. For all suspected mismatch repair‐deficient cases, MMR genetic testing was recommended and clinicopathological features were examined.

Results

Loss of mismatch repair proteins was found in seven patients (5%) who were thus categorized as putative Lynch syndrome‐associated upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. Five of these patients showed dual loss of MSH2/MSH6. Two patients were confirmed to be MSH2 germline mutation carriers. Histologically, all seven tumors were low‐grade atypical urothelial carcinoma and showed its unique histological features, such as an inverted papilloma‐like growth pattern and a villous to papillary structure with mild stratification of tumor cells. Six tumors had no invasion of the muscularis propria. No recurrence or cancer‐related deaths were reported in these seven patients. Just three patients met the revised Amsterdam criteria.

Conclusions

This is the first report that universally examined mismatch repair immunohistochemical screening for upper urinary tract urothelial cancers. The prevalence (5%) of putative Lynch syndrome‐associated upper urinary tract urothelial cancers is much higher than we had expected. We ascertained that putative Lynch syndrome‐associated upper urinary tract urothelial cancers were clinically in the early stage and histologically classified into low‐grade malignancy with its characteristic pathological features. The clinicopathological characteristics that we found in the present study could become additional possible markers in the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome‐associated upper urinary tract urothelial cancers.
Experimental manipulation reveals a trade‐off between weapons and testes
Authors: Somjee U. , Miller C. W. , Tatarnic N. J. , Simmons L. W.
Published: November 2017

Theory predicts a trade‐off between sexually selected weapons used to secure mates and post‐copulatory traits used to maximize fertilization success. However, individuals that have a greater capacity to acquire resources from the environment may invest more in both pre‐ and post‐copulatory traits, and trade‐offs may not be readily apparent. Here, we manipulate the phenotype of developing individuals to examine allocation trade‐offs between weapons and testes in Mictis profana (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a species where the hind legs are sexually selected weapons used in contests over access to females. We experimentally prevented males from developing weapons by inducing them to autotomize their hind legs before the final moult to adulthood. We compared trait expression in this group to males where autotomy was induced in the mid‐legs, which are presumably not under sexual selection to the same extent. We found males without weapons invested proportionally more in testes mass than those with their mid‐legs removed. Males that developed to adulthood without weapons did not differ from the mid‐leg removal group in other traits potentially under precopulatory sexual selection, other post‐copulatory traits or naturally selected traits. In addition, a sample of adult males from the same population in the wild revealed a positive correlation between investment in testes and weapons. Our study presents a critical contribution to a growing body of literature suggesting the allocation of resources to pre‐ and post‐copulatory sexual traits is influenced by a resource allocation trade‐off and that this trade‐off may only be revealed with experimental manipulation.
Is hypertension the fate of aortic coarctation patients treated with Cheatham Platinum (CP) stent?
Authors: Baykan Ali , Demiraldi Ayse G. , Tasci Onur , Pamukcu Ozge , Sunkak Suleyman , Uzum Kazım , Sezer Sadettin , Narin Nazmi
Published: November 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to address the presence of hypertension and risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) who were treated with endovascular stent placement.

Methods

Twenty patients (mean age: 14.2 ± 3.9 years) who were treated with stent and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included to the study. Structure and functions of left ventricle were assessed by echocardiography. Carotid intima media (CIM) thickness was measured by using sonography as a marker for detecting cardiovascular risk. As indirect marker of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index were recorded by ambulatory blood pressure monitorization/arteriography device.

Results

By ambulatory blood pressure monitorization, 24 h and daytime systolic and mean arterial pressure values were found to be significantly higher in patient group. Based on percentile values, 15% and 5% of patients were pre‐hypertensive and hypertensive, respectively. Pulse wave velocity and cardiac output values were found to be significantly higher than control group. CIM thickness was also found to be significantly higher in patient group when compared to controls.

Conclusions

It was shown that hypertension incidence as demonstrated by ambulatory blood pressure monitorization and risk for cardiovascular diseases as indicated by CIM thickness and Pulse wave velocity were higher than those in healthy population even after CoA is corrected.
A Technique to Correct Anterior‐Posterior Tooth Discrepancy for a Maxillary Immediate Complete Denture
Authors: Bedrossian Edmond A. , Putra Armand , Chung Kwok‐Hung
Published: November 2017

This article describes a chairside technique to correct inappropriate occlusal vertical dimension as well as the inaccurate anterior‐posterior tooth set‐up of a maxillary immediate complete denture. When fabricating an immediate denture, the inability of a wax‐denture trial and the potential for unpredictable complications during surgery, compromised esthetics and function of an immediate complete denture may pose a clinical problem, which needs instant correction. The technique described can provide an alternative method to correct and deliver a definitive immediate complete denture on the day of surgery.
Supply Chain Tsunamis: Research on Low‐Probability, High‐Impact Disruptions
Authors: Akkermans Henk , Van Wassenhove Luk N.
Published: November 2017

This study introduces supply chain tsunamis as a major strategic supply chain phenomenon. Like their ecological counterparts, supply chain tsunamis occur at relatively long intervals and are therefore easily mistaken for unique events, rather than recurring phenomena. In contrast to ocean tsunamis, they can in principle be prevented through timely and adequate managerial action. However, their immediate impact is just as sudden and disruptive, and their ability to reshape supply chains of companies and even industries equally long lasting. They are fundamentally different from phenomena like the bullwhip effect and black swan events. This study further explores a preliminary typology of supply chain tsunamis by Akkermans and Van Wassenhove (2013). Each type of tsunami focuses on a very different part of the supply chain periphery where the first signals of a developing tsunami can be observed. In this study, we use a detailed example from the high‐tech electronics industry to describe how a supply chain tsunami unfolds over time. This is done both from an external and an internal perspective. The external perspective shows the sequence of events visible to the outside observer. The internal perspective focuses on the managerial decision‐making processes that cause and (sometimes) resolve supply chain tsunamis. We link the notion of supply chain tsunamis to the broader need to revive strategic operations and supply chain management research. Supply chain tsunamis affect corporate strategy and have a profound impact on business and management. Therefore, we argue that business tsunamis deserve deeper research and suggest avenues for future research.
Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels with Different Protein‐to‐Energy Ratios on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Plasma Biochemical Parameters of Dianchi Golden‐line Barbell, Sinocyclocheilus grahami
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Kun , Deng Junming , Zhang Lu , Mi Haifeng , Chen Xiaolu
Published: November 2017

An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels with different protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratios on growth, feed utilization, and plasma biochemical parameters of Sinocyclocheilus graham. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (35, 40, and 45%), and each with three lipid levels (4, 8, and 12%), to produce a range of P/E ratios from 71.31 to 98.64 mg protein/kcal. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish. Fish grew best when fed the diet containing 45% protein and 12% lipid. However, fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 8% lipid had similar weight gain and specific growth rate as those fed the above diet but showed relatively better feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein and energy retentions. Additionally, plasma total amino acids and blood urea nitrogen contents and γ‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities in fish fed the diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid were relatively low among the dietary treatments. These results may indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid with P/E ratio of 84.05 mg protein/kcal would be suitable for the optimal growth, feed utilization, and health of S. graham.
Recalibrated MELD and hepatic encephalopathy are prognostic factors in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding
Authors: Rudler Marika , Bureau Christophe , Carbonell Nicolas , Mathurin Philippe , Saliba Faouzi , Mallat Arianne , Massard Julien , Golmard Jean‐Louis , Bernard‐Chabert Brigitte , Dib Nina , Thabut Dominique ,   the French Club for the Study of Portal Hypertension (CFEHTP)
Published: November 2017

Background & Aims

Early TIPS placement must be considered in patients with Child‐Pugh B and active bleeding at endoscopy or in patients with Child‐Pugh C 10‐13 and variceal bleeding. However, active bleeding at endoscopy is a subjective criterion. Moreover, a previous study has shown that a MELD‐based score accurately predicted 6‐week mortality and helped to stratify patients. Using a prospective series of patients included in a multicentre study before the era of early TIPS, we aimed (i) to identify factors associated with 6‐week mortality, focusing on the prognostic value of active bleeding; and (ii) to assess whether a recalibrated MELD‐based score accurately predicted 6‐week mortality.

Methods

Ancillary study of the prospective multicentre Baveno IV study, including patients with acute variceal bleeding.

Results

Two hundred and nineteen patients were analysed (Child‐Pugh A/B/C = 18/45/37%). The overall actuarial likelihood of survival on day 42 was 84%. The variability for the diagnosis of active bleeding at endoscopy was high (range, 41.4% to 84.6% among the centres). Active bleeding at endoscopy was not associated with 6‐week mortality in the entire population or in Child‐Pugh B patients. In a multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with mortality were liver function, infection, HE and HCC. The recalibrated MELD‐based score was accurate in predicting 6‐week mortality (AUROC = 0.787). The recalibrated MELD‐based score demonstrated better performance compared to the MELD score.

Conclusion

The recalibrated MELD‐based score accurately predicted mortality in our prospective cohort. Active bleeding at endoscopy had no prognostic value in cirrhotic patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding. Standardizing active bleeding assessment at endoscopy is warranted.
Expected, ideal, and actual relational outcomes of emerging adults' “hook ups”
Authors: WEITBRECHT ELIZA M. , WHITTON SARAH W.
Published: November 2017

Despite the prevalence of “hooking up” among emerging adults, little is known about the outcomes of these encounters. A sample of 348 college students completed a survey on expected, ideal, and actual relational outcomes of hook ups (assessed at a 10‐week follow‐up). Results showed that most men and women expected outcomes involving minimal commitment (i.e., nothing more, continued sexual involvement). Ideal outcomes of hook ups differed by gender, with women more often hoping for romantic involvement, and men more likely to view continued sexual involvement as ideal. Actual outcomes varied, with continued sexual involvement the most common outcome (32.2%), followed by friendship (27.7%), romantic involvement (23.2%), and nothing more (17%); 43.8% of participants experienced fulfillment of ideal outcomes.
The Promise and Problems of Universal, General Theories of Contract Law
Authors: Bix Brian H.
Published: November 2017

There are a growing number of general theories of contract law and of other doctrinal areas. These theories are vastly ambitious in their aims. This article explores the nature of these claims, and the motivations for offering such theories, while considering the challenges to success. It is in the nature of theorizing to seek general categories, including doctrinal categories, and to try to discover insights that hold across those categories. However, differences both within a doctrinal area and across legal systems undermine the case for universal and general theories. Also, unjustifiably general theories may distract us from developing properly contextual legal rules, and might even have the unintended effect of legitimating unjust rules.
Intention in Criminal Law: The Challenge from Non‐Observational Knowledge
Authors: Donnelly‐Lazarov Bebhinn
Published: November 2017

Intention is at the heart of criminal law. If it is not the mens rea requirement found most often in offences, it is still the standard against which other grades of fault tend relatively to be judged. It has generated much controversy, as the crucial question, “Did the defendant intend X?” is resistant to clear answers. This paper argues that intention‐questions are difficult because intention is not the thing law takes it to be: Importantly, contrary to law's assumptions, it is neither a state of mind nor is it connected in an exclusive manner to the reasons for which we act.
Gap Probability Distribution of the Jacobi Unitary Ensemble: An Elementary Treatment, from Finite n to Double Scaling
Authors: Min Chao , Chen Yang
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we study the gap probability problem of the (symmetric) Jacobi unitary ensemble of Hermitian random matrices, namely, the probability that the interval is free of eigenvalues. Using the ladder operator technique for orthogonal polynomials and the associated supplementary conditions, we derive three quantities instrumental in the gap probability, denoted by , , and . We find that each one satisfies a second‐order differential equation. We show that after a double scaling, the large second‐order differential equation in the variable a with n as parameter satisfied by can be reduced to the Jimbo–Miwa–Okamoto σ form of the Painlevé V equation.
Nutrition strategies before and during ultra‐endurance event: A significant gap between science and practice
Authors: Papadopoulou S. K. , Xyla E. E. , Methenitis S. , Feidantsis K. G. , Kotsis Y. , Pagkalos I. G. , Hassapidou M. N.
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate and assess the nutritional practices of open‐water swimmers, during the preparation period and the competition, as well as their implications on performance and anthropometric parameters according to their age. Twenty‐four (n = 24) men open‐water swimmers, twelve young (26.3 ± 4.9 years) and twelve older athletes (45.8 ± 9.7 years), participated in this study. Nutritional behavior—energy intake consumption, and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated prior to the Toroneos Gulf crossing (26 km). In addition, nutritional intakes during the race and anthropometrics after the race were also evaluated. Significant differences between the two groups were found for Toroneos Gulf crossing performance, BMI, and all variables of body composition at the preparation period (P < .05). The results involving energy consumption, in both preparation period and during the race, displayed significant differences between the two groups, while both groups exhibited significantly negative energy balances. During the race, significant differences were found also for the energy expenditure, relative energy intake, negative energy balance, relative consumption of carbohydrates per hour, and relative protein intake (P < .05). In both groups, lower intakes than the recommended were observed for macronutrient‐micronutrient elements at any time point. Significant correlations were found between selected variables of body composition, nutritional intakes during the preparation period and the competition, and athletes' performance. In summary, this study provides strong evidence about the malnutrition of ultra‐endurance swimmers prior and during their competition, with potential dangers for their health and performance as certain deficiencies in both macro‐ and micronutrient contents are present.
Neuromuscular adaptations induced by adjacent joint training
Authors: Ema R. , Saito I. , Akagi R.
Published: November 2017

Effects of resistance training are well known to be specific to tasks that are involved during training. However, it remains unclear whether neuromuscular adaptations are induced after adjacent joint training. This study examined the effects of hip flexion training on maximal and explosive knee extension strength and neuromuscular performance of the rectus femoris (RF, hip flexor, and knee extensor) compared with the effects of knee extension training. Thirty‐seven untrained young men were randomly assigned to hip flexion training, knee extension training, or a control group. Participants in the training groups completed 4 weeks of isometric hip flexion or knee extension training. Standardized differences in the mean change between the training groups and control group were interpreted as an effect size, and the substantial effect was assumed to be ≥0.20 of the between‐participant standard deviation at baseline. Both types of training resulted in substantial increases in maximal (hip flexion training group: 6.2% ± 10.1%, effect size = 0.25; knee extension training group: 20.8% ± 9.9%, effect size = 1.11) and explosive isometric knee extension torques and muscle thickness of the RF in the proximal and distal regions. Improvements in strength were accompanied by substantial enhancements in voluntary activation, which was determined using the twitch interpolation technique and RF activation. Differences in training effects on explosive torques and neural variables between the two training groups were trivial. Our findings indicate that hip flexion training results in substantial neuromuscular adaptations during knee extensions similar to those induced by knee extension training.
Adoption and use of an injury prevention exercise program in female football: A qualitative study among coaches
Authors: Lindblom H. , Carlfjord S. , Hägglund M.
Published: November 2017

This study focuses on an injury prevention exercise program (IPEP), Knee Control, which has been shown to reduce the incidence of acute knee injury in female adolescent football players. The aim was to explore the factors influencing coaches’ adoption and use of Knee Control within female football in Sweden. This was a qualitative study involving interviews with 20 strategically selected coaches for female football teams, predominantly adolescent teams. The semi‐structured interview guide was influenced by the Health Belief Model, and an ecological perspective was adopted during the interviews. Interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The results illustrate the different influences that interact on adoption and use of Knee Control by coaches. The coaches described themselves as crucial for Knee Control adoption and use, but external facilitators and barriers such as resources for training, social support from other coaches, clubs and football associations and player buy‐in were also described as important. Knee Control characteristics, such as how well the program fit the team, also influenced use of Knee Control. Many coaches modified the program to improve player buy‐in and Knee Control fit. Such modifications may risk compromising the preventive effect but may increase feasibility, that is the ease of using Knee Control, and thereby long‐term use. These findings may guide the design and delivery of future IPEPs, and improve use of Knee Control, for example, by expanding the program to fit different target groups and supporting coaches and players in the use of Knee Control.
Vastus intermedius vs vastus lateralis fascicle behaviors during maximal concentric and eccentric contractions
Authors: Ando R. , Nosaka K. , Tomita A. , Watanabe K. , Blazevich A. J. , Akima H.
Published: November 2017

Vastus intermedius (VI) plays a major role in knee extension, but its fascicle behaviors during dynamic contractions are not well understood. This study aimed to compare VI and vastus lateralis (VL) fascicle behaviors during singular maximal concentric and eccentric contractions. Thirteen men (27.1 ± 3.4 years) performed maximal isokinetic concentric contractions through knee joint angles of 105° to 35° (0° = full extension) and eccentric contractions from 35° to 105° at an angular velocity of 30°/s. Longitudinal VI and VL sonographic images were simultaneously recorded at 30 Hz, and muscle fascicle lengths at the knee joint angles of 40° and 100° were measured to compare the magnitudes of fascicle length change between the muscles. During concentric contractions, VI and VL fascicle lengths at 100° were 108 ± 12 mm and 104 ± 12 mm, respectively, and shortened by 36 ± 12 mm for VI and 28 ± 13 mm for VL (not statistically different; P = .13) at 40°. During eccentric contractions, VI and VL fascicle lengths at 40° were 72 ± 7 mm and 75 ± 8 mm, respectively, but lengthened by 35 ± 9 mm for VI and 24 ± 5 mm for VL at 100°, with a significant difference between the muscles (P = .01). These results indicate that VI fascicles are lengthened 1.4 times more than VL fascicles during eccentric contractions, whereas VI and VL fascicles shorten similarly during concentric contractions. This suggests a possibility that a greater mechanical strain is imposed to VI than VL during eccentric contractions.
Identification of two new HLA class I alleles in Italian bone marrow donors: A*31:125 and B*44:269
Authors: Sciarrino R. , Fornaciari S. , Mariotti M. L. , Scatena F. , Curcio M.
Published: November 2017

Two novel alleles, HLA‐A*31:125 and HLA‐B*44:269, are described in Italian bone marrow donors.
Contamination of small watercourses with heavy metals depending on distance from emission sources: Lesser Poland case study
Authors: Miśkowiec Paweł
Published: November 2017

Despite the size of small watercourses, their contamination is a major environmental problem. The Małopolska Upland and the adjacent Silesian‐Cracow Upland, situated in the Lesser Poland region, are two good examples of an area with many small rivers and creeks, which are highly susceptible to contamination. The study reports the condition of small watercourses in terms of their contamination with zinc, lead and cadmium. Both water and sediments were studied. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method was used to determine the concentrations of metallic elements. The analytical results showed that despite the decreasing impact of the local industry, levels of concentration of all the studied metals in sediments are significantly elevated in the distance range approximately up to 20 km from the emitters. However, analysing the changes of metallic contaminants content with increasing distance one can state that watercourses located further than 30 km from the emitters are safe for aquatic organisms.
Stochastic simulation of the UV curing process in nanoimprint lithography: Pattern size and shape effects in sub-50 nm lithography
Authors: Koyama Masanori , Shirai Masamitsu , Kawata Hiroaki , Hirai Yoshihiko , Yasuda Masaaki
Published: November 2017

The authors have performed stochastic simulations of the ultraviolet (UV) curing process of the resist in nanoimprint lithography. Chain formation between an activated monomer and a randomly selected monomer within the critical reaction radius occurred until there was no unreacted monomer within the reaction radius. A deactivation mechanism was introduced to prevent the chain reaction at the resist surface by setting a smaller maximum reaction radius at the resist surface than in the middle of the resist. By introducing the deactivation effect, the conversion ratio of the UV-cured resist decreased with decreasing resist pattern size and depended on the pattern shape. Resist pattern shrinkage after UV curing was also simulated by relaxing the structures with the molecular mechanics method.
What evidence do we need for biomarker qualification?
Authors: Leptak Chris , Menetski Joseph P. , Wagner John A. , Aubrecht Jiri , Brady Linda , Brumfield Martha , Chin William W. , Hoffmann Steve , Kelloff Gary , Lavezzari Gabriela , Ranganathan Rajesh , Sauer John-Michael , Sistare Frank D. , Zabka Tanja , Wholley David
Published: November 2017

Predictable steps are needed to determine the evidence required for confident use of a biomarker in drug development.
Targeting STUB1–tissue factor axis normalizes hyperthrombotic uremic phenotype without increasing bleeding risk
Authors: Shashar Moshe , Belghasem Mostafa E. , Matsuura Shinobu , Walker Joshua , Richards Sean , Alousi Faisal , Rijal Keshab , Kolachalama Vijaya B. , Balcells Mercedes , Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo , Henderson Joel M. , Gautam Amitabh , Rushmore Richard , Francis Jean , Kirchhofer Daniel , Kolandaivelu Kumaran , Sherr David H. , Edelman Elazer R. , Ravid Katya , Chitalia Vipul C.
Published: November 2017

Targeting mediators of the uremic thrombosis axis reverts the uremic hyperthrombotic phenotype without altering the bleeding risk.
Verification of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility Testing Methods against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Shields Ryan K. , Clancy Cornelius J. , Pasculle A. William , Press Ellen G. , Haidar Ghady , Hao Binghua , Chen Liang , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Nguyen M. Hong
Published: November 2017

Ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam are newly approved agents for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Resistance to both agents has been described clinically. Susceptibility testing on automated systems is unavailable for either agent. Our objective was to compare the disk diffusion and Etest methods to standard broth microdilution (BMD) methods for testing ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam against a diverse collection of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) and carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(CRP) isolates, respectively. Among 74 ceftazidime-avibactam-susceptible and -resistant CRE isolates, BMD categorical agreement was higher with Etest (96%) than with disk diffusion (72%;
P
= 0.0003). Twenty-eight percent of ceftazidime-avibactam-susceptible CRE isolates were classified as resistant by disk diffusion. Results were comparable to those obtained with resistance defined genotypically. Among 72 ceftolozane-tazobactam-susceptible and -resistant CRP isolates, the levels of BMD categorical agreement with disk diffusion and Etest were 94% and 96%, respectively; the only errors identified were minor. Our findings demonstrate that Etest measurements of ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam susceptibility correlate closely with standard BMD methods, suggesting a useful role clinically. On the other hand, disk diffusion measurements overcalled CRE resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam. A better understanding of ceftazidime-avibactam interpretive breakpoints is needed before disk diffusion is used routinely in the clinic. Until clinicians and microbiologists understand Etest and disk diffusion performance at their centers, test results should be interpreted cautiously.
Evaluation of the Copan ESwab Transport System for Viability of Pathogenic Fungi by Use of a Modification of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Document M40-A2
Authors: Gandhi Bharat , Summerbell Richard , Mazzulli Tony
Published: November 2017

The Copan ESwab system was evaluated for its ability to maintain the viability of pathogenic fungi. Tests followed the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M40-A2 roll-plate method at room and refrigerator temperatures. A system was devised for standardizing homogeneous inoculum suspensions of variously sized conidia and sporangiospores of filamentous fungi. A total of 19 clinical and reference strains were standardized to a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard with a simple photometer. Corresponding optical densities were measured with a spectrophotometer. Colony counts equal to or greater than those seen at time zero were obtained for the entire test panel. Results indicate that the Copan ESwab system effectively maintains prevalent opportunistic fungal organisms for at least 48 h.
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Has No Effect on Time to Positivity and Proportion of Positive Samples: a Cohort Study of 64 Cutibacterium acnes Bone and Joint Infections
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Alexia , Bossard Daniel A. , Ledergerber Bruno , Zingg Patrick O. , Zinkernagel Annelies S. , Gerber Christian , Achermann Yvonne
Published: November 2017

If a bone or joint infection is suspected, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is frequently withheld until intraoperative microbiological sampling has been performed. This practice builds upon the hypothesis that perioperative antibiotics could render culture results negative and thus impede tailored antibiotic treatment of infections. We aimed to assess the influence of antibiotic prophylaxis within 30 to 60 min before surgery on time to positivity of microbiological samples and on proportion of positive samples in
Cutibacterium acnes
bone and joint infections. Patients with at least one sample positive for
C. acnes
between January 2005 and December 2015 were included and classified as having an “infection” if at least 2 samples were positive; otherwise they were considered to have a sample “contamination.” Kaplan-Meier curves were used to illustrate time to culture positivity. We found 64 cases with a
C. acnes
infection and 46 classified as having a
C. acnes
contamination. Application of perioperative prophylaxis significantly differed between the infection and contamination groups (72.8% versus 55.8%;
P
< 0.001). Within the infection group, we found no difference in time to positivity between those who had or had not received a perioperative prophylaxis (7.07 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4 to 7.7, versus 7.11 days; 95% CI, 6.8 to 7.5;
P
= 0.3). Also, there was no association between the proportion of sample positivity and the application of perioperative prophylaxis (71.6% versus 65.9%;
P
= 0.39). Since perioperative prophylaxis did not negatively influence the microbiological yield in
C. acnes
infections, antibiotic prophylaxis can be routinely given to avoid surgical site infections.
Antibodies Directed toward Neuraminidase N1 Control Disease in a Mouse Model of Influenza
Authors: Job E. R. , Schotsaert M. , Ibañez L. I. , Smet A. , Ysenbaert T. , Roose K. , Dai M. , de Haan C. A. M. , Kleanthous H. , Vogel T. U. , Saelens X.
Published: November 2017

There is increasing evidence to suggest that antibodies directed toward influenza A virus (IAV) neuraminidase (NA) are an important correlate of protection against influenza in humans. Moreover, the potential of NA-specific antibodies to provide broader protection than conventional hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies has been recognized. Here, we describe the isolation of two monoclonal antibodies, N1-7D3 and N1-C4, directed toward the N1 NA. N1-7D3 binds to a conserved linear epitope in the membrane-distal, carboxy-terminal part of the NA and reacted with the NA of seasonal H1N1 isolates ranging from 1977 to 2007 and the 2009 H1N1pdm virus, as well as A/Vietnam/1194/04 (H5N1). However, N1-7D3 lacked NA inhibition (NI) activity and the ability to protect BALB/c mice against a lethal challenge with a range of H1N1 viruses. Conversely, N1-C4 bound to a conformational epitope that is conserved between two influenza virus subtypes, 2009 H1N1pdm and H5N1 IAV, and displayed potentin vitroantiviral activity mediating both NI and plaque size reduction. Moreover, N1-C4 could provide heterosubtypic protection in BALB/c mice against a lethal challenge with 2009 H1N1pdm or H5N1 virus. Glutamic acid residue 311 in the NA was found to be critical for the NA binding and antiviral activity of monoclonal antibody N1-C4. Our data provide further evidence for cross-protective epitopes within the N1 subtype and highlight the potential of NA as an important target for vaccine and therapeutic approaches.

IMPORTANCEInfluenza remains a worldwide burden on public health. As such, the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics against influenza virus is crucial. Human challenge studies have recently highlighted the importance of antibodies directed toward the viral neuraminidase (NA) as an important correlate of reduced influenza-associated disease severity. Furthermore, there is evidence that anti-NA antibodies can provide broader protection than antibodies toward the viral hemagglutinin. Here, we describe the isolation and detailed characterization of two N1 NA-specific monoclonal antibodies. One of these monoclonal antibodies broadly binds N1-type NAs, and the second displays NA inhibition andin vitroandin vivoantiviral activity against 2009 H1N1pdm and H5N1 influenza viruses. These two new anti-NA antibodies contribute to our understanding of the antigenic properties and protective potential of the influenza virus NA antigen.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Phosphorylation Sites of the Human Papillomavirus 31 E8^E2 Protein
Authors: van de Poel Saskia , Dreer Marcel , Velic Ana , Macek Boris , Baskaran Praveen , Iftner Thomas , Stubenrauch Frank
Published: November 2017

The papillomavirus E2 protein regulates transcription, replication, and nuclear retention of viral genomes. Phosphorylation of E2 in the hinge region has been suggested to modulate protein stability, DNA-binding activity, and chromosomal attachment. The papillomavirus E8^E2 protein shares the hinge domain with E2 and acts as a repressor of viral replication. Mass spectrometry analyses of human papillomavirus 31 (HPV31) E8^E2 and E2 proteins identify phosphorylated S78, S81, and S100 in E8^E2 and S266 and S269 in E2 in their hinge regions. Phos-tag analyses of wild-type and mutant proteins indicate that S78 is a major phosphorylation site in E8^E2, but the corresponding S266 in E2 is not. Phosphorylation at S78 regulates E8^E2's repression activity of reporter constructs, whereas the corresponding E2 mutants do not display a phenotype. Phosphorylation at S78 does not alter E8^E2's protein stability, nuclear localization, or binding to DNA or to cellular NCoR/SMRT complexes. Surprisingly, in the context of HPV31 genomes, mutation of E8^E2 S78 does not modulate viral replication or transcription in undifferentiated or differentiated cells. However, comparative transcriptome analyses of differentiated HPV31 E8^E2 S78A and S78E cell lines reveal that the expression of a small number of cellular genes is changed. Validation experiments suggest that the transcription of the cellular LYPD2 gene is altered in a phospho-S78 E8^E2-dependent manner. In summary, our data suggest that phosphorylation of S78 in E8^E2 regulates its repression activity by a novel mechanism, and this seems to be important for the modulation of host cell gene expression but not viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Posttranslational modification of viral proteins is a common feature to modulate their activities. Phosphorylation of serine residues S298 and S301 in the hinge region of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 protein has been shown to restrict viral replication. The papillomavirus E8^E2 protein shares the hinge domain with E2 and acts as a repressor of viral replication. A large fraction of HPV31 E8^E2 is phosphorylated at S78 in the hinge region, and this is important for E8^E2's repression activity. Surprisingly, phosphorylation at S78 in E8^E2 has no impact on viral replication in tissue culture but rather seems to modulate the expression of a small number of cellular genes. This may indicate that phosphorylation of viral transcription factors serves to broaden their target gene specificity.
Glycine Zipper Motifs in Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 4B Are Required for the Establishment of Viral Replication Organelles
Authors: Paul David , Madan Vanesa , Ramirez Omar , Bencun Maja , Stoeck Ina Karen , Jirasko Vlastimil , Bartenschlager Ralf
Published: November 2017

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication occurs in tight association with remodeled host cell membranes, presenting as cytoplasmic accumulations of single-, double-, and multimembrane vesicles in infected cells. Formation of these so-called replication organelles is mediated by a complex interplay of host cell factors and viral replicase proteins. Of these, nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B), an integral transmembrane protein, appears to play a key role, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of how this protein contributes to organelle biogenesis. Using forward and reverse genetics, we identified glycine zipper motifs within transmembrane helices 2 and 3 of NS4B that are critically involved in viral RNA replication. Foerster resonance energy transfer analysis revealed the importance of the glycine zippers in NS4B homo- and heterotypic self-interactions. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis using electron microscopy unraveled a prominent role of glycine zipper residues for the subcellular distribution and the morphology of HCV-induced double-membrane vesicles. Notably, loss-of-function NS4B glycine zipper mutants prominently induced single-membrane vesicles with secondary invaginations that might represent an arrested intermediate state in double-membrane vesicle formation. These findings highlight a so-far-unknown role of glycine residues within the membrane integral core domain for NS4B self-interaction and functional as well as structural integrity of HCV replication organelles.

IMPORTANCE
Remodeling of the cellular endomembrane system leading to the establishment of replication organelles is a hallmark of positive-strand RNA viruses. In the case of HCV, expression of the nonstructural proteins induces the accumulation of double-membrane vesicles that likely arise from a concerted action of viral and coopted cellular factors. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we identify glycine zipper motifs within HCV NS4B transmembrane segments 2 and 3 that are crucial for the protein's self-interaction. Moreover, glycine residues within NS4B transmembrane helices critically contribute to the biogenesis of functional replication organelles and, thus, efficient viral RNA replication. These results reveal how glycine zipper motifs in NS4B contribute to structural and functional integrity of the HCV replication organelles and, thus, viral RNA replication.