bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the cumulative and skin-resorptive action of the Zoodizin disinfectant
Authors: Nechyporenko O. L. , Berezovskyy A. V. , Fotina T. І. , Petrov R. V.
Published: May 2020

The rational organization and implementation of effective disinfection activities plays an important role in the complex of measures for the prevention of infections. The development and introduction of new disinfectants into production is an urgent issue of modern poultry farming. When developing a disinfectant, it is important to determine the cumulative effect of the drug. The purpose of the study was to determine the cumulative and skin-resorptive action of the disinfectant “Zoоdizin”. For the toxicological study of the drug used healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age. To study the toxicity of the drug “Zoоdizin” when applied to the skin used the method of immersion of the tails of rats in a test tube with the test substance. The tail was injected 2/3 into a regular tube with a 5 % solution of the drug “Zoоdizin”. The tube was closed with a cork ring whose diameter was slightly larger than the tail diameter. For 15 days, the tubes were placed daily in a water bath at 28–30 °C for 2 hours. Control animals tails were immersed in distilled water. To establish the local action of the drug “Zoodizin” on the mucous membranes of the study drug was introduced into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of the rabbit at a dose of 50 mg, and in the left eye was buried saline in a volume of 0,05 cm3. When studying the cumulative effect of Zoоdizin, no significant changes in the biochemical parameters in the serum of rats were observed. In the study of possible irritant or damaging effect on the skin and the development of contact non-allergic dermatitis found that a single application of disinfectant “Zoоdizin” on the unaffected skin of the back of white rats in the maximum significant recommended concentration of working solutions (2 %) did not cause signs. The single effect of the drug on the intact areas of the skin did not cause skin irritation, but it can be stated that prolonged daily epicutaneous exposure of high concentration (5 %) of the solution of the drug “Zoоdizin”, which is 2.5 times higher than the maximum recommended concentration, caused a general resorption. When assessing the cumulative properties, it was taken into account that the total dose administered to rats was Zodizin 42000 mg/kg body weight and did not result in animal death. It did not allow to calculate the cumulative coefficients for the “lethal effect”. A single effect of the product on the intact areas of the skin did not cause skin irritation, but it can be stated that prolonged daily epicutaneous exposure of a high concentration (5 %) of the Zodizin solution, which is 2.5 times the maximum recommended concentration, caused a general resorption. In the future, it is planned to study the virulidal properties of the biocide “Zoоdizin”.
Evaluation of different methods of control of quality of grain raw materials
Authors: Kushnir G. V. , Zraylo I. I. , Levytskyy T. R. , Gutyj B. V. , Fedor G. Y. , Nazar B. I. , Kurylas L. V. , Nedilka G. Y. , Vilha O. M.
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the need of the control of the quality of grain raw materials, because the increasing of the competitiveness of the grain industry is one of the leading in the national agrarian economy of Ukraine and largely its determines the place in the global agrarian market. In competition, only those enterprises retain and improve their position in the market, which consistently work to support and improve the quality of the products according to the important indicators for consumers. The main indicators of the grain quality are: protein content, and also humidity, smell, impurities, crude fat, ash content, etc. Todays, domestic enterprises introduce into the manufacturing the unique scientific and technical developments, which allow quickly and qualitatively conduct the research of raw materials and finished products. However, sometimes when controlling grain raw materials on such enterprises where the modern (spectrometric) research methods are used, some physico-chemical parameters do not coincide with the normative (arbitration) research methods. Therefore, in a comparative aspect were investigated samples of soybean, corn, barley and rapeseed by some qualitative indicators, such as humidity, crude protein and fat. By comparing two methods, it was found out that in the soybean and corn samples, both the arbitrage and the spectrometric methods were almost identical. In some rapeseed and barley samples, the difference between the same samples was small and was not more than 4.8 %. In determining the crude protein in the same samples in soybeans, the difference was from 0.9 to 5.1 %, corn grains – 2.6–5.6 %, barley grains – 0.9 to 5.8 %, rapeseed – 1.4–9.8 %. In determining the fat content of identical samples in soybeans, the difference was small and ranged from 3.8–6.2 %, corn grains 2.6–4.8 %, barley grains – 4.2–6.4 %, seeds rapeseed – 7.1–11.6 %. In the conducted interlaboratory researchers, in determining moisture, crude protein and fat in grain and oil raw materials, by both arbitration and spectrometric methods it was found out, that the results of the studies were within the statistically probable error, which indicate on the high efficiency the last one. In addition, the values of qualitative indicators of the researches samples responses the requirements of regulatory documents.
Distribution of fish apophalosis in the river basins of Sumy region
Authors: Petrov R. V. , Rysovanyy V. I. , Muravyov F. G. , Nazarenko S. M.
Published: May 2020

The causative agent of apophalosis (rosicotremosis) is the larva of Apofalus donicus. It is localized in the skin, scales, perch fins, rust, walleye, and some carp fishes that live in rivers flowing into the Black Sea, in the Tisza River, and in the Azov Sea estuaries. Mature trematode parasites in the small intestine the dogs, cats, foxes, some fish-eating birds (common buzzards, quarks, white storks) and humans. The purpose of the research was to conduct research to determine the incidence of fish for trematodoses and to develop measures to ensure the regimes of fish disinfection when they are detected. The research was conducted on the basis of the department of veterinary medicine, microbiology, zooghygiene and safety and quality of animal products of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University. During the period 2018–2019, fish were caught from the rivers of the Dnieper Basin: Sula, Psla and Vorskla. The main species of fish studied are: carp – Cyprinus carpio (L.), perch – Perca fluviatilis (L.); common ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua), walleye (Sander iucioperca). A total of 321 fish were examined. Parasitological examination of the fish was carried out by the method of complete parasitological dissection, which makes it possible to conduct quantitative and qualitative accounting of all helminths affected by the fish. The autopsy of the fish was performed according to the conventional method. The incision was made from the anal fin up and forward to the gill lid just above the base of the pectoral fin. As a result of the fish studies, the larvae of trematodes were identified, which by structure were classified as Apofalus donicus. The larvae were alive, localized under the skin and moved. The overall invasion intensity for all species of fish studied was 3.64%. In the next phase of the study we conducted experiments to determine the resistance of the larvae to different modes of freezing, salinization and heat treatment. effective for decontamination of fish meat with the presence of metacercariae are: boiling at 80 °C, 15 minutes, at 100 °C, 10 minutes; freezing -18 °С, 7 days; salting of 12 % tuzluk 1 month; frying – from 15 minutes; action of microwaves 480 W, 8 minutes, 760 W, 4 minutes. The prevalence of apophalosis among fish of the Dnieper River basin (Sula, Psel, Vorskla) in Sumy region was established. The overall invasion intensity for all species of fish studied was 3.64 %. Effective for the disinfection of fish meat with the presence of Apofalus donicus metacercariae are: boiling at 80 °C, 15 minutes, at 100 °C, 10 minutes; freezing -18 °С, 7 days; salting of 12 % tuzluk 1 month; frying – from 15 minutes; action of microwaves 480 W, 8 minutes, 760 W, 4 minutes. In the future, it is planned to conduct research to determine the spread of apophalosis among cats, dogs and fish birds.
Influence of complex action of probiotic and specific prophylaxis of associated mucosal diseases on some quantitative traits of dairy cattle performance
Authors: Sidashova S. O. , Gutyj B. V. , Khalak V. I. , Humeny O. G.
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of studies of indicators of reaching the age of the first calving of repair heifers of the Ukrainian red dairy breed under the conditions of use of the complex scheme of specific immunoprophylaxis and preparation “Multibacterin veterinary suspension”.The research was conducted in the conditions of the industrial complex for milk production of Dolinskoye LLC, Odessa region. The subjects of the study were groups-analogues of breeding heifers and the firstborn of the genotype.The assessment of repair young growth indicators was performed taking into account the following indicators: age of fertile insemination, months; age of first calving, months; milk production for 100 and 305 days of the first lactation, kg. For the functional evaluation of the digestive status of animals used to determine the transit of feed, in % and the assessment of acid-base status of faeces, pH unit. The following indicators were investigated in the serum of repair calves of mating age: total protein, g/l; albumin, g/l; globulin, g/l; glucose, mmol/l; urea, mmol/l; alkaline phosphatase, units/l and liver enzymes (ALT and AST, units/l).The economic efficiency of the results of the studies was calculated according to the indicator “average hope of one cow for 305 days of the first lactation, kg”. It was found that, due to the positive simultaneous effect of probiotic protection of the intestinal mucous membranes, repair heifers showed a higher growth and development rate and the first calving had 28.07 months, which is 2.31 months (8.45 %) earlier than in control (P < 0.001).The optimization of the technology of growing heifers for the use in the scheme of specific immunoprophylaxis of a probiotic drug – immunomodulator, which feed use had a prolonged positive effect not only on the growth parameters of young animals, but also on the increase of milk productivity per first lactation was experimentally proved.Calculations of cost-effectiveness of research results showed that the maximum increase in production (+ 9.10 %) was obtained from the firstborn of the experimental group born to cows mothers older than two lactations, where the scheme of specific prevention of associated diseases was carried out for repair heifers with previous normophilic laceration probiotic feed preparation.
Palmeiras Africanas em Solos Brasileiros: Transformação Socioecológica e a Construção de uma Paisagem Afro-Brasileira
Authors: Watkins Case
Published: May 2020

As histórias ambientais da diáspora africana desafiam as interpretações eurocêntricas dos intercâmbios atlânticos após a colonização, identificando antecedentes africanos nas paisagens e culturas do Novo Mundo. Desse modo, este artigo une esse esforço, traçando a formação de paisagens africanas através do dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) na Bahia, Brasil. A palmeira africana de dendê e seus produtos foram difundidos na Bahia no início do período colonial. O azeite extraído dos seus frutos tornou-se um componente integral da cultura e da culinária afro-brasileira, e os bosques das palmeiras que produzem esse azeite vieram para representar uma paisagem afro-brasileira. Apesar do centro de origem do dendezeiro ser na África Ocidental, a espécie é mais difundida e importante para as culturas locais e economias globais, porém, os estudos sobre o azeite-de-dendê na Bahia são raros e geralmente realizados sem atenção das mudanças históricas e ecológicas de longo prazo. O presente estudo reúne evidências de arquivos coloniais, relatos de viajantes, etnografias, trabalhos de campo e dados geográficos para analisar a formação da Costa do Dendê no litoral sul da Bahia. Africanos e afro-brasileiros emergiram como atores principais e esta análise os coloca dentro de uma estrutura socioecológica mais ampla, para demonstrar como a agência humana se uniu com flora e fauna, bem com os processos históricos, geográficos e agroecológicos para estabelecer e sustentar uma paisagem afro-brasileira.
Agrarian Nationalism or “Imperial” Science? “El Sabio” Moisés S. Bertoni and Paraguayan Agricultural Science
Authors: Wilcox Robert
Published: May 2020

As a contribution to recent discourse over the practice of natural science in Latin America’s liberal years, this paper examines Swiss-born botanist Moisés S. Bertoni’s place in Paraguay’s agricultural development following the Paraguayan War (1864-70). The war forced leaders in a devastated Paraguay to promote the immigration of European scientific experts and farmers, with the expectation that their knowledge of modern agricultural science and practice would revitalize the nation’s agriculture and lift Paraguay out of its poverty. From the late nineteenth century Bertoni’s work and knowledge of Paraguay’s tropical and semi-tropical climate and botany shaped much of Paraguayan agricultural policy and practice. And while his contributions were influential in understanding the nation’s environment and agriculture, what is unclear is how much his approach was the product of deliberate introduction of European agricultural science or the result of autochthonous experience and his own trial and error.
Механізми саморегуляції розвитку природних популяцій Homogyne alpina (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae) в Карпатах
Authors: ЖИЛЯЄВ ГЕННАДІЙ ГЕОРГІЙОВИЧ , ГІССОВСЬКИЙ ВОЛОДИМИР БОРИСОВИЧ
Published: May 2020

У статті узагальнені результати популяційного аналізу на пробних площах біологічного стаціонару Інституту екології ім. К.А, Малиновського в Чорногорі (Карпати). Тут, на висотному профілі 920 - 2040 м н. ур. м., автори понад сорок п'ять років проводять багаторічні стаціонарні спостереження і польові експерименти в популяціях Homogyne alpina (L.) Cass. Це трав'яна багаторічна рослина являє собою зручний об'єкт для всебічних популяційних досліджень. У статті обговорюється питання про передумови явища поліваріантністі розвитку рослинних популяцій в різних еколого-ценотичних ситуаціях. Обґрунтовується погляд на поліваріантність як наслідок адаптивних трансформацій віталітетного складу популяцій. Саме на цих підставах здійснюються оперативні зміни в популяційних стратегіях за різних умов існування. Автори вважають, що на рівні віталитетних груп поліваріантність не має місця. І в усьому ареалі H. alpina в кожній з них здійснюється свій окремий, якісно стереотипний базовий варіант. Таким чином, в залежності від наявності та фактичних співвідношень віталітетних груп, на популяційному рівні поліваріантність розвитку H. alpina є сумарним результатом від накладання одного, двох або всіх трьох консервативних варіантів. У відповідності за своєю кількісною участю за конкретних обставин, будь-яка з віталітетних груп може відігравати пріоритетну роль. Автори пропонують позначати кожну групу життєвості відповідним кольором і на засадах кольороподілу RGB створити універсальні кольорові маркери процвітаючих, рівноважних і депресивних популяцій. У статті звергнуто увагу на можливості комп'ютерних моделей, що функціонують відповідно до алгоритмів базових варіантів синонтогенезу H. alpina. Зроблено висновок, що незалежно від причин віталітетної неповночленності, вона обмежує можливості для оптимізації стратегії розвитку природних популяцій H. alpina і підвищує вирогідність їх подальшої деградації. Інтерпретація віталітетного складу як імперативної передумови функціонування і авторегуляции відкриває додаткові можливості для управління природними популяціями трав'яних рослин шляхом цілеспрямованої корекції їх віталітетної структури. За результатами досліджень автори обґрунтовують необхідність обов'язкового використання віталітетного аналізу в дослідницькій і природоохоронній практиці.
Wybrane świadczenia w polskim systemie pomocy społecznej - próba analizy
Authors: Frączek Piotr
Published: May 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie struktury wybranych świadczeń - pieniężnych lub niepieniężnych - w systemie pomocy społecznej oraz zidentyfikowanie kluczowych w Polsce trendów w tym obszarze w latach 2012-2018. Przeprowadzone na potrzeby artykułu analizy sygnalizują, że zapowiedź odejścia od transferów pieniężnych na rzecz świadczeń pozapieniężnych, aktywizacji społecznej czy zawodowej ma jedynie charakter deklaratywny.W analizowanym okresie wystąpił negatywny trend polegający na zwiększeniu się liczby odbiorców świadczeń realizowanych w formie pieniężnej przy spadku liczby osób objętych wsparciem w formie pozapieniężnej. Rosła także liczba świadczeń przyznawanych z powodu dysfunkcji zdrowotnych i niepełnosprawności, malała zaś liczba świadczeń z powodu bezrobocia i ubóstwa.Ponadto nastąpiło zwiększenie zatrudnienia w sektorze pomocy społecznej, ale przy jednoczesnym spadku zatrudnienia pracowników socjalnych.
The development of graduates' social competences. The case studies from four European universities in the context of higher education public policy in Poland, Germany, Latvia and the Czech Republic. The outcomes of the Erasmus+ DASCHE project
Authors: Brdulak Jakub , Lewicki Jacek , Beseda Jan , Kühn Ida Kristina , Meyne Lisa , Kinta Gunta , Labunskis Edmunds
Published: May 2020

The Bologna Process indicates that preparation for living as active citizens in a democratic society is one of the main purposes of higher education. Moreover, other relevant European strategies postulate that social competences development in HE graduates as well as the European Qualifications Framework should comprise the pillar of 'competences: autonomy and responsibility'. The United Nations and OECD emphasise the role of education and developing social competences, too.Higher Education Institutions' (HEIs) educational mission involves the transfer of knowledge and skills, as well as shaping the social competences of students. This article aims to show good practices in the development of students' social competences by different HEIs. Based on the cases the findings were formulated that the development and assessment of social competences in HEIs is possible, however, one standardised solution cannot be developed. Diversity is crucial in the presented programmes. Our main recommendation is to create room for debates about social competences in the researched countries and in the whole EHEA.
Determinant Analysis of Education Inequalities in Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Evi Syuriani , Maipita Indra , Rahmadana M. Fitri
Published: May 2020

Education is the main capital for humans to prosper. The importance of the role of education in improving welfare requires the need for equal distribution of education in each region regardless of socioeconomic, gender and racial backgrounds. In making educational equality, it is important to know the factors that influence educational inequality, namely income inequality, poverty and education gap. Reducing the income inequality, poverty and education gender gap in each province in Indonesia will reduce education inequality which is the responsibility of all parties, both the central and regional governments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of income inequality, poverty and education gender gap on education inequality in Indonesia in 2016-2018. Data analysis was performed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with a panel data regression estimation model using the help of eviews 9.0. Estimation results show that partially income inequality, poverty and gender gap in education have a positive and significant effect on educational inequality in Indonesia, while simultaneously income inequality, poverty and education gender gap negatively affect education inequality in Indonesia.
The Analysis of the Effect of Determinant Factors of Palm Oil Plantation Sector on Agricultural Sector Growth in North Sumatera
Authors: Hasibuan Ali Sandy , Fitrawaty Fitrawaty , Rahmadana M. Fitri
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze the influence of the area of oil palm plantations, oil palm production, and the number of the agricultural sector workforce on the agricultural sector PDRB in North Sumatra province. The data used are secondary data sourced from BPS North Sumatra province, namely PDRB variable in the agricultural sector, area of oil palm, palm oil production and the number of agricultural sector workforce in North Sumatra province in time series from 2008 to.d. 2017 in five districts namely, Asahan, Langkat, Labuhanbatu Utara, Labuhanbatu Selatan and Labuhan Batu districts. Data analysis was performed using the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method with a panel data regression estimation model using the help of Eviews 10. The results of this study simultaneously showed that changes in the independent variables of land area, production and the total workforce of the agricultural sector together influenced Agricultural Sector PDRB variable significantly. While partially concluded that the variable area of land and oil palm production had a positive and significant effect on the PDRB of the agricultural sector in North Sumatra province, while the variable labor force in the agricultural sector had a negative effect on the PDRB of the agricultural sector in North Sumatra province.
Challenges and Opportunities for Community Empowerment Practices in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic through Strengthening the Role of Higher Education
Authors: Saleh Arifin , Mujahiddin Mujahiddin
Published: May 2020

Covid-19 began to appear at the end of 2019 and began to spread in January 2020 precisely in Wuhan City, China. The presence of this virus has successfully paralyzed all world activities from various sectors, ranging from education, business, politics, tourism and so forth. This condition does not only occur in Indonesia but also affects all countries in the world. Of the various problems that arise in the middle of the community, it is felt necessary to provide a form of community empowerment practice. The main objective is not only to overcome problems related to economic income, but also to make people have the ability to meet their physical, economic and social needs. The practice of community empowerment is not only understood as a change activity carried out from within individuals, communities or organizations but also requires support and encouragement from outside parties, especially support from institutions that have a role in empowerment practices. One of the many institutions that have a role in the implementation of community empowerment practices is the University or in other terms referred to as Higher Education. This research method uses a literature study approach which is a series of activities related to data collection techniques through literature, reading, recording and managing research material. The data taken in this literature study comes from the provision of online media, reference books and research journals that are considered relevant to be able to answer research questions. The results of this writing indicate that Higher Education has a role in the practice of community empowerment, both directly and indirectly through the implementation of Higher Education Tridharma. It's just that, in its implementation, the role of universities in the practice of community empowerment, especially during the Pandemic Covid-19 period is not as simple as imagined. Although there are opportunities in implementing empowerment practices, of course there are also forms of challenges that will be faced by universities in implementing community empowerment practices. Therefore, at least a strategic policy step from the central government is needed that can strengthen the role of Higher Education, as well as to answer the Challenges and Opportunities for Community Empowerment Practices during the Pandemic Covid-19 Through the Role of Higher Education.
Learner Types and Their Preferences in Learning English
Authors: Masitowarni Siregar , Haswani Fahri
Published: May 2020

The research was conducted to find out the most dominant learners’ types and to describe their preferences in learning English at the first semester in academic year 2018/2019English Education Study Program, Languages and Arts Faculty , Universitas Negeri Medan. The subject of the study was one class consisting 30 students. The collecting data in the research was by using learner types and preferences questionnaires and observing the learning process in the classroom. The result showed that there were some types of learners in this case. Concrete learner with their preferences are playing game, paying attention to thepictures, watching film is the most dominant one (40.00%). Preference of analytical learners relates to study grammar and English boo, it also relates to find the learners’ own problems (16.67%). Communicative learners (23.33%) with their preferences tend to listen to native speaker, to talk  to friend in English and to watch  English channel in you tube. The learners who are authority-oriented  (20.00%) with their preferences are understanding the teacher’s explanation and writing everything in a notebook.
Beginner Voter Perception of Presidential Candidates (Case Study of the Presidential Election in 2019)
Authors: Razy Syahrur , Winarno Winarno , Rusnaini Rusnaini
Published: May 2020

In the 2019 general election, the Indonesian people simultaneously elected the President and Vice President and legislative members. The Indonesian people are waiting for who will lead the next five years, especially for the President and Vice President with figures Joko Widodo - Ma'ruf Amin and challenger Prabowo Subianto - Sandiagan Uno. This study aims to determine the perceptions of first-time voters in the two-figure Presidential election in 2019. This study uses a quantitative descriptive study, data obtained from the sample of the study population were analyzed according to the statistical methods used. Descriptive research in this study is intended to get the perception of novice voters at SMAN 5 Surakarta of the presidential candidates in the 2019 general election. There are several things that can affect perceptions about the figure of the President, namely leadership, anti-corruption, welfare, nationalism and change for a more Indonesian state good. All factors are obtained through social media owned by novice voters. Beginner voters in SMAN 5 Surakarta are in the category of critical voters because with knowledge of social media and issues in the media are able to assess whether the prospective leader is eligible to be elected in the general election.
Interval and Continuous Training for Resting Pulse and Cardiovascular Enhancement of Students
Authors: Mahardika Rizki Hanif , Kartiko Dwi Cahyo , Siantoro Gigih
Published: May 2020

Basketball games are played for 40 minutes divided into 4 quarters, where one quarter is 10 minutes. To play the game of basketball requires having excellent stamina which can be seen from the value of VO₂ Max. There are various types of exercises to improve VO₂ Max, such as interval training and continuous training. The purpose of this study: is to determine the difference in effect between interval training and continuous training on VO₂ Max on basketball players in extracurricular students at Senior high school 2nd Pasuruan City. Research methods: This study used the Pre and Post Test two Groups Design design, with a sample of 12 basketball players as an interval training group, and 12 players as a continuous training group taken using a purposive sample technique. The exercise is done 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Measurement of VO2 Max uses a Multistage fitness test. Data analysis using the comparative test Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann Whitney test. Results: The difference between pre-test and post-test in the interval training group was 9.94 while in the continuous training group it was 6.02. Based on the test of the effect of interval training on VO₂ Max, the value of p = 0.008 was obtained and the test of the effect of continuous training on VO₂ Max was obtained p value = 0.005. Based on the different test of the effect of interval training and continuous training on VO₂ Max, the value of p = 0.040 is concluded. Conclusion: interval training and continuous training can increase VO₂ Max. interval training increases VO₂ Max more than continuous training in basketball players in extracurricular curricular students at Senior high school.
The Use of Constructivist Approach in Enhancing the Students’ Chemistry Achievement
Authors: Maria Wendy M. Solomo
Published: May 2020

Anchored on the constructivist and social development theory, this study aimed to enhance the chemistry achievement of students in terms of the comprehension, application, and analysis cognitive levels. It also determined the specific factors in the constructivist approach that contributed significantly to students’ achievement and attitude. It employed quasi-experimental method, specifically the pretest – posttest two group design, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative techniques in collecting and analyzing the data. The use of the constructivist approach significantly enhanced the comprehension, application, and analysis cognitive skills. The group exposed to the constructivist approach performed better than the group exposed to the traditional teaching method. The constructivist strategies and students’ involvement have significant correlation on students’ achievement and attitude. Educators should develop students’ higher thinking skills using the constructivist approach in various disciplines. Some designed activities could be given after class hours, as project or assignment, to continue the processing of skill development.
Comparison of Shoulder Muscle Strength of Deaf and Healthy Basketball Players
Authors: Suner-keklik Sinem , Çobanoğlu Gamze , Savas Seyfi , Seven Barış , Kafa Nihan , Atalay Güzel Nevin
Published: May 2020

Purpose: It has still not been made clear what effects the audio inputs from the environment may have on the muscle strength on people who spend long periods of their lives with hearing loss. The purpose is to evaluate shoulder muscle strength and endurance of deaf basketball (DB) athletes and to compare them with healty basketball (HB) athletes..
Methods: Study was carried out with a total of 26 athletes including 13 people in DB group and 13 people in HB group. Strength of shoulder internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer.
Results: According to isokinetic test results, there was not a difference between two groups on either dominant or nondominant side in terms of ER and IR Nm/kg (p>0.05). ER/IR ratio was found to be different between two groups (p<0.05). Strength parameters of dominant extremities of athletes in both groups were found to be higher than nondominant extremity.
Conclusions: As a result, IR and ER muscle strengths were similar in two groups, both groups were at risk for musculoskeletal injuries in terms of ER/IR ratio. It was thought that eliminating muscular imbalance between IR and ER muscles by adding ER strengthening exercises to training programs of athletes could reduce risk of injury. The dominant extremity was found to be stronger in both groups. In our opinion, symmetrical movement patterns will positively affect performance on dominant extremity.
Seasonal diving and foraging behaviour of Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowhead whales
Authors: Fortune SME , Ferguson SH , Trites AW , LeBlanc B , LeMay V , Hudson JM , Baumgartner MF
Published: May 2020

Climate change may affect the foraging success of bowhead whalesBalaena mysticetusby altering the diversity and abundance of zooplankton species available as food. However, assessing climate-induced impacts first requires documenting feeding conditions under current environmental conditions. We collected seasonal movement and dive-behaviour data from 25 Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowheads instrumented with time-depth telemetry tags and used state-space models to examine whale movements and dive behaviours. Zooplankton samples were also collected in Cumberland Sound (CS) to determine species composition and biomass. We found that CS was used seasonally by 14 of the 25 tagged whales. Area-restricted movement was the dominant behaviour in CS, suggesting that the tagged whales allocated considerable time to feeding. Prey sampling data suggested that bowheads were exploiting energy-rich Arctic copepods such asCalanus glacialisandC. hyperboreusduring summer. Dive behaviour changed seasonally in CS. Most notably, probable feeding dives were substantially shallower during spring and summer compared to fall and winter. These seasonal changes in dive depths likely reflect changes in the vertical distribution of calanoid copepods, which are known to suspend development and overwinter at depth during fall and winter when availability of their phytoplankton prey is presumed to be lower. Overall, CS appears to be an important year-round foraging habitat for bowheads, but is particularly important during the late summer and fall. Whether CS will remain a reliable feeding area for bowhead whales under climate change is not yet known.
ANALYSIS QUALITATIVE ADDITION OF ADDITIVE SUBSTANCE TO PAPER MAKING PROCESS IN PAPER MACHINE 12 PT. X - KARAWANG ON PRODUCT QUALITY
Authors: Solikha Dian Farkhatus
Published: May 2020

Paper is a tangible item of thin sheets which can be torn, rolled, folded, glued and crossed out. Paper is made to meet the needs of a very diverse life. The paper industry is one of the forest products industries which has a very important role in human life. There is almost no human activity that does not utilize this industrial commodity. In the process of making paper, in addition to the availability of Raw Materials there is also the use of additives. Additives are ingredients that are added to obtain certain desired characteristics of paper products. Some factors that influence the process of making paper are raw material, machine cleanliness, machine performance, human factors and additives. Additives are the main factors that influence the success of the papermaking process. There are two types of additives used in Paper Machine 12 PT.X-Karawang, namely functional additives and controlling additives. The effect of the addition of additives on Paper Machine 12 PT.X-Karawang namely, Dry Strength can increase the strength of the paper when used in dry conditions, Sizing Agent (Internal Sizing) functions to control liquid penetration, Surface Sizing Agent (Surface Sizing) functions to level the surface of the paper, Filler as filler, Dyes can give color to paper, OBA serves to increase the brightness of paper, Biocide functions to inhibit bacterial growth, Defoamer functions to prevent foam formation and Retention Aid can increase fiber retention.Keyword: Controlling Additives, Functional Additives, Paper, Paper Machine
Patterns of Racing and Career Duration of Racing Greyhounds in New Zealand
Authors: Palmer Anna L. , Bolwell Charlotte F. , Stafford Kevin J. , Gal Arnon , Rogers Chris W.
Published: May 2020

The welfare and wastage of racing greyhounds is a topic of public concern. Little is published about the racing patterns of these dogs in New Zealand. The aim of this study is to describe the pattern of greyhound racing in New Zealand. Data on all race starts between 1 August 2011 and 25 March 2018 were supplied by Greyhound Racing New Zealand. A cohort was created containing dogs that had a racing career between 1 August 2013 and 31 July 2017. Data were collated within a customized Microsoft Access database from electronic records of all racing starts for every dog within the 2013–2016 racing seasons. For this cohort of racing dogs, there were 97,973 race starts across 22,277 races involving 2393 individual greyhounds. The median number of days between racing starts was 7 days (inter-quartile range (IQR): 4–10 days). The median career length was 424 days (IQR: 206–647 days) and the median number of racing starts throughout a racing career was 35 (IQR: 16–59 starts). Dogs of similar ability finished their career at a similar age.
Associations Between IGF1, IGFBP2 and TGFß3 Genes Polymorphisms and Growth Performance of Broiler Chicken Lines
Authors: Hosnedlova Bozena , Vernerova Katerina , Kizek Rene , Bozzi Riccardo , Kadlec Jaromir , Curn Vladislav , Kouba Frantisek , Fernandez Carlos , Machander Vlastislav , Horna Hana
Published: May 2020

Marker-assisted selection based on fast and accurate molecular analysis of individual genes is considered an acceptable tool in the speed-up of the genetic improvement of production performance in chickens. The objective of this study was to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF1, IGFBP2 and TGFß3 genes, and to investigate their associations with growth performance (body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age) and carcass traits in broilers. Performance (carcass) data (weight before slaughter; weights of the trunk, giblets, abdominal fat, breast muscle and thigh muscle; slaughter value and slaughter percentage), as well as blood samples for DNA extraction and SNP analysis, were obtained from 97 chickens belonging to two different lines (Hubbard F15 and Cobb E) equally divided between the two sexes. The genotypes were detected using polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods with specific primers and restrictase for each gene. The statistical analysis discovered significant associations (p < 0.05) between the TGFβ3 SNP and the following parameters: BW at 21, 28 and 35 days, trunk weight and slaughter value. Association analysis of BWs (at 21, 28 and 35 days) and SNPs was always significant for codominant, dominant and overdominant genetic models, showing a possible path for genomic selection in these chicken lines. Slaughter value was significant for codominant, recessive and overdominant patterns, whereas other carcass traits were not influenced by SNPs. Based on the results of this study, we suggested that the TGFβ3 gene could be used as a candidate gene marker for chicken growth traits in the Hubbard F15 and Cobb E population selection programs, whereas for carcass traits further investigation is needed.
Revealing the Unknown: Real-Time Recognition of Galápagos Snake Species Using Deep Learning
Authors: Patel Anika , Cheung Lisa , Khatod Nandini , Matijosaitiene Irina , Arteaga Alejandro , Gilkey Joseph W.
Published: May 2020

Real-time identification of wildlife is an upcoming and promising tool for the preservation of wildlife. In this research project, we aimed to use object detection and image classification for the racer snakes of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. The final target of this project was to build an artificial intelligence (AI) platform, in terms of a web or mobile application, which would serve as a real-time decision making and supporting mechanism for the visitors and park rangers of the Galápagos Islands, to correctly identify a snake species from the user’s uploaded image. Using the deep learning and machine learning algorithms and libraries, we modified and successfully implemented four region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) architectures (models for image classification): Inception V2, ResNet, MobileNet, and VGG16. Inception V2, ResNet and VGG16 reached an overall accuracy of 75%.
Effects of Two Manure Additives on Methane Emissions from Dairy Manure
Authors: Cluett Jessie , VanderZaag Andrew C. , Baldé Hambaliou , McGinn Sean , Jenson Earl , Hayes Alexander C. , Ekwe Sylvanus
Published: May 2020

Liquid manure is a significant source of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. Many livestock farms use manure additives for practical and agronomic purposes, but the effect on CH4 emissions is unknown. To address this gap, two lab studies were conducted, evaluating the CH4 produced from liquid dairy manure with Penergetic-g® (12 mg/L, 42 mg/L, and 420 mg/L) or AgrimestMix® (30.3 mL/L). In the first study, cellulose produced 378 mL CH4/g volatile solids (VS) at 38 °C and there was no significant difference with Penergetic-g® at 12 mg/L or 42 mg/L. At the same temperature, dairy manure produced 254 mL CH4/g VS and was not significantly different from 42 mg/L Penergetic-g®. In the second lab study, the dairy manure control produced 187 mL CH4/g VS at 37 °C and 164 mL CH4/g VS at 20 °C, and there was no significant difference with AgrimestMix (30.3 mL/L) or Penergetic-g® (420 mg/L) at either temperature. Comparisons of manure composition before and after incubation indicated that the additives had no effect on pH or VS, and small and inconsistent effects on other constituents. Overall, neither additive affected CH4 production in the lab. The results suggest that farms using these additives are likely to have normal CH4 emissions from stored manure.
An Equivalent Non-Uniform Beam-Like Model for Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storey Irregular Buildings
Authors: Greco Annalisa , Fiore Ilaria , Occhipinti Giuseppe , Caddemi Salvatore , Spina Daniele , Caliò Ivo
Published: May 2020

Dynamic analyses and seismic assessments of multi-storey buildings at the urban level require large-scale simulations and computational procedures based on simplified but accurate numerical models. For this aim, the present paper proposes an equivalent non-uniform beam-like model, suitable for the dynamic analysis of buildings with an asymmetric plan and non-uniform vertical distribution of mass and stiffness. The equations of motion of this beam-like model, which presents only shear and torsional deformability, were derived through the application of Hamilton’s principle. The linear dynamic behaviour was evaluated by discretizing the continuous non-uniform model according to a Rayleigh–Ritz approach based on a suitable number of modal shapes of the uniform shear-torsional beam. In spite of its simplicity, the model is able to reproduce the dynamic behaviour of low- and mid-rise buildings with a significant reduction of the computational burden with respect to that required by more general models. The efficacy of the proposed approach was tested, by means of comparisons with linear Finite Element Model (FEM) simulations, on three multi-storey buildings characterized by different irregularities. The satisfactory agreement, in terms of natural frequencies, modes of vibration and seismic response, proves the capability of the proposed approach to reproduce the dynamic response of complex spatial multi-storey frames.
Evaluation of Quality and Readability of Online Health Information on High Blood Pressure Using DISCERN and Flesch-Kincaid Tools
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Muhammad Fazal , Rehman Shams ur , Khan Imran , Idrees Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Glowacz Adam
Published: May 2020

High Blood Pressure (BP) is a vital factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. For more than a decade now, patients search for quality and easy-to-read Online Health Information (OHI) for symptoms, preventions, therapy and other medical conditions. In this paper, we evaluate the quality and readability of OHI about high BP. In order that the first 20 clicks of three top-rated search engines have been used to collect the pertinent data. Using the exclusion criteria, 25 unique websites are selected for evaluation. The quality of all included links is evaluated through DISCERN checklist, a questionnaire for assessing the quality of written information for a health problem. To enhance the reliability of evaluation, all links are separately assessed by two different groups—a group of Health Professional (HPs) and a group of Lay Subjects (LS). A readability test is performed using Flesch-Kincaid tool. Fleiss’ kappa has been calculated before considering average value of each group. After evaluation, the average DISCERN value of HPs is 49.43 ± 14.0 (fair quality) while for LS, it is 48.7 ± 12.2; the mean Flesch-Reading Ease Score (FRES) is 58.5 ± 11.1, which is fairly difficult to read and the Average Grade Level (AGL) is 8.8 ± 1.9. None of the websites scored more than 73 (90%). In both groups, only 4 (16%) websites achieved DISCERN score over 80%. Mann-Whitney and Cronbach’s alpha have been computed to check the statistical significance of the difference between two groups and internal consistency of DISCERN checklist, respectively. Normality and homoscedasticity tests have been performed to check the distribution of scores of both evaluating groups. In both groups, information category websites achieved high DISCERN score but their readability level is worse. Highest scoring websites have clear aim, succinct source and high quality of information on treatment options. High BP is a pervasive disease, yet most of the websites did not produce precise or high-quality information on treatment options.
High Refractive Index Electromagnetic Devices in Printed Technology Based on Glide-Symmetric Periodic Structures
Authors: Arnberg Philip , Barreira Petersson Oscar , Zetterstrom Oskar , Ghasemifard Fatemeh , Quevedo-Teruel Oscar
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate the beneficial effects of introducing glide symmetry in a two-dimensional periodic structure. Specifically, we investigate dielectric parallel plate waveguides periodically loaded with Jerusalem cross slots in three configurations: conventional, mirror- and glide-symmetric. Out of these three configurations, it is demonstrated that the glide-symmetric structure is the least dispersive and has the most isotropic response. Furthermore, the glide-symmetric structure provides the highest effective refractive index, which enables the realization of a broader range of electromagnetic devices. To illustrate the potential of this glide-symmetric unit cell, a Maxwell fish-eye lens is designed to operate at 5 GHz. The lens is manufactured in printed circuit board technology. Simulations and measurements are in good agreement and a measured peak transmission coefficient of −0.5 dB is achieved.
Effect of Rock Abrasiveness on Wear of Shield Tunnelling in Bukit Timah Granite
Authors: Ko Tae Young , Lee Sean Seungwon
Published: May 2020

The abrasiveness of rocks significantly influences the wear endured by excavation tools in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). In slurry shield TBMs, wear occurs not only in excavation tools but also in discharge pipes and pumps of slurry transport systems. To explore this phenomenon, this study investigated the effect of rock abrasiveness on the wear of both disc cutters and slurry discharge pipes in slurry shield TBMs. The radial wear of disc cutters and the thickness of slurry discharge pipes were measured and monitored at a TBM site in Singapore. The relationship between the weathering grade of Bukit Timah granite and the wear coefficient of disc cutters was analysed, and a correlation between the Cerchar Abrasivity Index values and the wear coefficient of 19 inch disc cutters was suggested. Additionally, the average wear rates of slurry discharge pipes used for Bukit Timah granite were determined based on the pipe thickness measurements. The wear rates of weathering grades G(I) to G(IV) of Bukit Timah granite were observed to be highly similar to each other, whereas the wear rates of G(V) grade and mixed ground were 1.55 times higher than those of the G(I) to G(IV) grades. The correlation between the slurry discharge velocity and the wear rate in slurry discharge pipes was thus derived. The accurate assessment of the effect of rock abrasiveness on both the wear of disc cutters and the wear rate in slurry discharge pipes, investigated in this paper, will highlight the need for efficient maintenance of the excavation tools in TBMs and encourage the development of various equipment wear prevention measures in order to minimize overall construction costs and time.