bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Multi-Intersection Traffic Signal Timing Model Based on Improved Q-Learning
Authors: Yin Mingyue , Wang Yunyun , Li Ziqing
Published: March 2020

With the economic development and the increase of car ownership, major cities in China are facing plenty of problems, such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution caused by traffic congestion. The effective solution to solve this kind of problem is to adopt intelligent control to the traffic signal timing scheme. Based on traditional Q-learning, this paper adds the influence of phase difference and congestion factors, and uses the traffic condition data of adjacent intersections and this intersection to predict the next state, so as to adjust the timing scheme of signal lights at each intersection in the road network. The VISSIM simulation experiments show that this method can effectively reduce the average vehicle delay time and the average number of parking times, alleviate traffic congestion, and improve the traffic efficiency in the overall road network.
A Matrix Aggregation Intelligent Decision Based on H-Convex Combination and Expert Preference
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Mingsheng , Chen Deqiang , Luo Shan
Published: March 2020

In the field of multi-dimensional intelligent decision-making, the evaluation results rely on the subjective experience of the evaluation experts. However, the evaluation information generated by personal expert preferences can has certain impact on the decision-making results.For this problem, we present an intelligent decision model based on H-convex combination and expert preference. The H-convex combinatorial matrix algorithm is used to assemble the individual judgment matrices, which reduces the inconsistency and non-reciprocity of the group decision matrix. The expert preference quantization formula is used to obtain the preference values of the corresponding experts, which are taken into the H-convex combination as power exponents. This solves the impact of expert preference differences on decision outcomes. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by some evaluation cases.
Optimization and Parallelization of Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm Based on the Improved Kmeans++ Clustering
Authors: Ma Yu , Cheng Wenjuan
Published: March 2020

In the field of big data, fuzzy clustering algorithm is one of the most widely used clustering algorithm. Although fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm performs well, it still is difficult to ascertain the number of clusters and is sensitive to initial clustering center. To solve these problems, an improved fuzzy clustering algorithm based on Spark is proposed in this article. The proposed algorithm integrates the L2 norm and uses the kmeans++ algorithm improved by the Canopy algorithm to initialize the cluster center. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in clustering accuracy and computational performance.
Study on Calculating Method of External Load on Digging Arm of Underground Excavator Truck
Authors: Zheng Shuping , Yang Zengjie , Yang Zhongliang
Published: March 2020

The digging arm of underground excavator truck has many movable joints, complex structure and variable operation properties which results in the complicated loading. So it is difficult to obtain the external working load directly through the test. For this problem, the calculation of the external load on the digging arm of the underground excavator truck is studied by combining test and virtual prototype in this paper. The details include: Firstly, the static test of the digging arm was conducted using pressure sensor and displacement sensor, and the parameters of the virtual prototype built by Motion View software were modified. Then the pressure and displacement curves of each hydraulic oil cylinder are measured during the operation on site. The working process of digging arm is simulated and reconstructed by taking the measured displacement curves of each cylinder as the driving inputs, and outputs the curves of centre of mass coordinate, curves of acceleration and corresponding curves of torque. The rotary torque of external forces and gravity on a rotation axis (rotation axes of movable arm and pitch) should be equal to the sum of torque of the product of each component’s mass and the acceleration of the centre of mass on that point according to the law of torque calculation. Thus, the non-homogeneous linear equations of external loads (horizontal, vertical and lateral loads) are derived under the actual conditions. And external loads were solved by substituting the above curve parameters into the equations. Finally, the obtained external load is reloaded into the virtual prototype of the digging arm to simulate the force of actual digging process. The error is less than 5% by comparing the calculated and test values of the oil cylinders force of rod and bucket and the effective strain error of the movable arm is less than 10%. So the correctness of the derivation method of external load and the dynamic model considering inertial force is verified. It provides theoretical and algorithm support for the next acquisition of load spectrum and fatigue analysis of digging arm.
Shimmy analysis of steering system with independent suspension based on coupled feedback model
Authors: Gao Lulu , Ma Fei , Jin Chun , Liu Yuchao , Li Xinze
Published: March 2020

Shimmy of steering system causes the snaking and deteriorates the handling stability and safety of vehicles, which has not been solved effectively for the ambiguity of shimmy characteristic. In order to uncover the mechanism of shimmy, a 5-DOF dynamic model of the steering system with independent suspension is established, and the coupled feedback model of the steering system is further obtained based on the dynamic model. Then the frequency characteristics of feedback are analysed, and the work and damping energy dissipation of each feedback link in a unit period are calculated. Based on the range of natural frequency and unit periodic energy of steering system, the range of wheel shimmy frequency and velocity interval is determined. The analysis results show that the shimmy frequency is the first natural frequency of steering system. The amplitude of wheel shimmy is calculated based on energy conservation, and the energy transfer of steering system is elaborated. The mechanism of shimmy was uncovered based on the energy transfer of coupled feedback system. The theoretical analysis was verified by numerical simulation. The results provide theoretical support for the mechanism research and active control of shimmy.
Effects of Welding Currents on Microstructure and Properties of 5052 Aluminum Alloy TIG Welded Joint
Authors: Gou Weijie , Wang Lihong
Published: March 2020

To study the influence of welding current on the welding quality of 5052 aluminum alloy TIG welding, the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the welded joints obtained under different currents from 100 A to 120 A were discussed. The results showed that when the welding current is 100~120 A, with the increases of welding current, the strength of the welded joint (of 5052 aluminum alloy TIG) increases, while the plasticity decreases.
Fatigue Life of the 316L Stainless Steel Based on Dual-parametric Weibull Distribution
Authors: An Ziliang , Wang Ziye , Tang Yifeng , Wang Weixin , Chen Tao
Published: March 2020

In order to investigate the fatigue strength of the 316L stainless steel (316LSS) diffusion welded joint, it is necessary to study the fracture time of the 316L-SS. The fracture time test of the 316L-SS has many problems, such as high cost, long time consumption and little data acquisition. Regarding the issue above, the Weibull distribution method is adopted to process the test data of small sample size in this paper. At the same time, the P-S-N curve of the 316L-SS is established to obtain the relationship between maximum stress and fatigue life under different reliability.
SLP-based Technical Plant Layout Planning and Simulation Analysis
Authors: Xu Xiaorong
Published: March 2020

This paper analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of the assembly and the whole material flow in a technical workshop. Through the process analysis, this paper uses the SLP method to optimize, and combines the data analysis to adjust the unreasonable place, and gives the optimized layout plan. Finally, using Flexsim modeling, the whole process of the program is simulated, and the time-consuming reduction of the whole process is verified.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber by Carbon Black/Graphene/White Carbon Black
Authors: Yu Zhenzhu , Zhang Shaofei , Su Lu , Nan Fei
Published: March 2020

Graphene (GE) and white carbon black (SiO2) were added to natural rubber (NR) to partially replace carbon black (CB). The effects of different filling ratios of CB/GE/SiO2 on the mechanical properties of NR were investigated. The data were processed by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that when the mass fraction of CB was 41g, the mass fraction of GE was 4g, and the mass fraction of SiO2 was 1g, the maximum true strain in the mechanical properties of NR was 139.8%. The maximum true stress is 85.695 MPa, and it is indicated that41g CB, 4 g GE, and 1 g SiO2 are added to the NR as the optimum filling ratio.
Influence of Wood Fiber on the Laboratory Road Performance of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Chen Fang , Xue Jinshun , Yang Zhengxun , Gao Kaikai , Huo Zhiqiang
Published: March 2020

The influence of wood fiber content on the road performance of asphalt mixture with high recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) content was studied based on the Marshall test, high temperature rutting test, low temperature crack resistance test and water stability test. And the optimum wood fiber content in RAP asphalt mixture with high RAP content was recommended. The results show that the dynamic stability and low temperature bending strain of RAP asphalt mixture increased and then decreased with the increase of wood fiber content. When the content of wood fiber is 0.3 %, the road performance of RAP asphalt mixture is the best. Compared with RAP asphalt mixture without wood fiber, the Marshall stability and low temperature flexural tensile strain of RAP asphalt mixture with 0.3% wood fiber increase by 7.1% and 4.6%, respectively, and the high temperature rutting resistance and water stability decreases.
Study on Molding Process of Ether Anhydride Type Polyimide Materials
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , Wang Zhengzheng , Xu Haoran , Zhou Haijun , Zhou Mengmeng , Li Yantao
Published: March 2020

The main molding process of ether anhydride type polyimide materials which synthesized by the main meterials of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3, 3’, 4, 4’-tetracarboxydiphthalic dianhydride (OPDA) and Diamine diphenyl ether (ODA) was researched. The effects of molding temperature, molding time and molding pressure on the tensile properties of molded products were investigated. And the effects of dianhydride ratio on the properties and molding process of ether anhydr ide type polyimide materials was discussed. Results showed that samples molded by polyimide molding powder appeared the best comprehensive performance when the molar ratio of PMDA and OPDA was 2:1, with the tensile strength of 93.5 MPa, the elongation at break of 10.1%, the vitrification transition temperature of 340 °C and the thermal decomposition temperature of 5% was 574 °C. And molding process is under that the molding temperature is 410°C, the molding pressure is 4.0Mpa and the molding time is 15min.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a new high entropy alloy
Authors: Chen Mingju , Yang Jing
Published: March 2020

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Structural optimization design of crane frame for nuclear power waste
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jiang Yong , Gong Yajun , Zeng Baoping
Published: March 2020

The structural stiffness and strength are the basis to ensure the performance of nuclear power waste crane. The structural topology optimization method is an effective method to ensure the structural performance of nuclear power waste crane in the conceptual design stage. In this paper, the topology optimization method is used to establish the finite element topology optimization model of the nuclear waste crane frame, and the structure optimization design is carried out. The optimization results are verified by the finite element method, which proves the effectiveness of the method.
Application of finite element method in strength analysis of ship connecting parts
Authors: Liu Yiou , Wu Zhengjiang , Gong Yajun , Xiang Chao
Published: March 2020

In the design stage, the strength and rigidity of general marine connectors can be calculated according to the relevant ship standard. However, some special nonstandard connections cannot be calculated by ship standard. The finite element method provides us another feasible option. In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the strength of the ship connecting flange, and the results are compared with the calculation results of the ship standard.
Effects of plasma treatment pressure on Aramid fiber III/BMI composite humidity resistance properties
Authors: Cui Jinyuan , Wang Jing , Jia Song , Wang Yu , Long Cheng , Kong Yida
Published: March 2020

The effects of oxygen plasma treatment pressure on Aramid Fiber III chemical structure and its reinforced bismaleimides (BMI) composite humidity resistance properties were investigated. The aramid fiber III chemical structure under different plasma treatment pressure were measured by FTIR. The composite interlaninar shear strength with different plasma treatment pressure before and after absorption water were tested by short-beam bending test method, respectively. The FTIR results showed that oxygen plasma treatment didn’t change the fiber bulk chemical structure. The composite humidity resistance of interlanimar shear strength was enhanced after plasma treatment. The retention rate of composite interlanimar shear strength was above 95%.
The study of spacing influence on the performance of Contra-Rotation-Propeller in stratospheric airship
Authors: Xie Cong , Tao Guoquan , Wu Zhe
Published: March 2020

According to the requirements of a foreign high-altitude airship project, the Single-Rotation-Propeller (SRP) was designed under the maximum endurance factor criterion. The spacing influence on the Contra-Rotation-Propeller (CRP) was studied by numerical simulation analysis, the performance of front and rear propeller was compared with SRP. The result indicated that CRP was more efficient than SPR, the CRP has enormous potential in enhancing the aerodynamic performance.
Calculation on Refloating a damaged ship with salvage pontoon
Authors: Pan Dewei , Sun Yuqiang , Zhou Zhaoxin , Zhao Kangdi , Chen Yancai
Published: March 2020

Refloating a damaged ship with salvage pontoon can be very complicated. In the calculation process of traditional pontoon salvage for shipwrecks, the calculation of inflation time, analysis of pontoon motion and intelligent control are mainly studied. When the pontoon is inflated, the volume of gas in the pontoon will change with the change of time and temperature, which will affect the accuracy of salvage measurement. In this paper, According to the theory of heat conduction, a mathematical model of gas volume in pontoon varying with time and temperature is established, which is beneficial to getting the buoyancy and stability of ships.Through the simulation, the refloating process of a damaged ship with salvage pontoon was researched. Computation result shows that shipwreck with many pontoons sunk in the water totally of the preliminary stage, since the stability of the shipwreck is poor, the aeration rate in the pontoon should be calculated accurately to prevent the capsizing of the ship. As the draft of the wreck decreases, the stability of the hull increases gradually, which is beneficial to the process of lifting and floating. The change of pitch angle is small in the course of buoyancy, but it has obvious influence on the buoyancy distribution of ship hull. The position of pontoon has a great influence on the distribution of shear force and bending moment of ship hull. Relevant measures should be taken to reduce the damage to ship hull in the course of buoyancy.
Finite element analysis of building block ark Strength Analysis and Design of Building Block Ark Based on Finite Element
Authors: Li Hongyan , Wang Yu
Published: March 2020

The research on the building block ark can be divided into two key issues: first, the hydrodynamic performance analysis of the building block ark, the main content is to study the hull shape and main scale of the building block ark. The second is the square of blocks.The strength analysis of the boat is mainly to study the overall structure and local strength of the building block ark. This article will explore the Lord.The content is the structural strength analysis of building block ark.
Research and design of CSA-510 color analyzer
Authors: Hu Yunlong , Jiang Yingjie , Li Wenzhong , Yao Jun
Published: March 2020

This paper introduces the measurement principle of color analyzer firstly, and designs a kind detection equipment of color analyzer which can be used for accurate measurement and analysis of color, An experimental comparative study was carried out with foreign mature product CA-310 at last. The results show that When the brightness is greater ⩾ 0.1cd/m2, the results of brightness test keep a linear relationship, and the range of error with competitor brightness is less than 2%. The error range of color coordinate accuracy is basically controlled within ±0.0050. Compared to the high prices of abroad equipment, it has certain competitive advantages.
Study on Wear Performance of GS-18NiMoCr36/42CrMo Friction Pair
Authors: Xu Guo , Chen Bo , Feng Kun , Zhang Dongya , Zhu Pengxiao
Published: March 2020

GS-18NiMoCr36 steel was used to prepare fixed pin with different hardness. The rotating ring with hardness of 53HRC was prepared by 42CrMo steel. Under the different load conditions, MR-H3B high-speed ring on block wear tester was used to study the influence of different hardness matching friction pair wear performance. The results show that with the increase of load, the weight loss of wear has the law of increasing-decreasing-increasing. The form of wear is oxidation wear - adhesive wear -oxidation wear - adhesive wear. As the hardness of the fixed pin increases, the weight loss of wear tends to decrease, and the hardness of the material can be improved within a certain hardness range, which can significantly improve the wear resistance.
Optimization of a cantilever steel frame structure of bottom platform by finite element method
Authors: Sun Weihai , Ju Guiling , Ju Limei , Pan Jingwen
Published: March 2020

The finite element analysis of a cantilever steel frame structure of the bottom platform in civil engineering is carried out. Based on ANSYS and the basic characteristics of steel frame structure, parametric modelling is carried out, and the stress and deformation of the structure under extreme load conditions are analysed. The first-order optimization algorithm is used to optimize the beam cross-section size, which significantly reduces the total weight of the structure, thus providing a basis for the optimal design of the engineering structure.
Research on the Integration of Industrial Design and Mechanical Product Design
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Yang Qin , Zhang Kewei , Liu Jiayue , Feng Caicai , Hou Wen , He Xin
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper is to integrate industrial design into mechanical design, improve the core competitiveness of mechanical products, and become a benign development path for the transformation and upgrading of traditional machinery enterprises. To provide perfect and feasible ideas, theories and concrete methods and means for traditional enterprises; Through the research and analysis of the present situation of the development of traditional machinery industry, this paper finds out a series of problems existing in the upgrading and transformation of traditional manufacturing industry in the emerging stage, combined with the core ideas of informatization and industrialization under the background of industrial design 4.0, taking Anshan old industrial base as an example. An innovative development model suitable for the integration of industrial design and regional machinery manufacturing industry is developed. Relying on the platform of Anshan Industrial Design Center, the development model of “industrial design industrial alliance + association + university” led by the government is established. And take the industrial design public service as the support, adjust measures to the local conditions. Focusing on “public service, platform construction, design competition, talent training, publicity and promotion, brand activities, standard formulation, basic research” and other aspects, to achieve the integration of new industrial design industry ecological model of machinery manufacturing industry.
Microstructure Evolution Simulation of GH4169 Fasteners in Forging Process
Authors: Wang Yanju , Jiang Jiaying , Wang Tao , Yang Yukai , Sha Aixue , Li Xingwu
Published: March 2020

This paper mainly calculated the microstructure evolution characteristics of GH4169 alloy fasteners during hot forging deformation. The constitutive equation and the microstructure evolution models of the material were embedded in the finite element software. By analysis, the grain size and dynamic recrystallization volume fraction were calculated, and the key points on the fastener in forging process were analyzed. As a result, the microstructure evolution of the GH4169 alloy fastener during the hot forging deformation process was obtained. The results show that, through the plastic deformation by the hot forging process, the grain size on the fastener’s head is gradually refined, the minimum average grain size is reduced from the initial 100μm to less than 10μm. During the deformation process, the splinted part of the fastener begins to undergo dynamic recrystallization first. After that, dynamic recrystallization volume fraction gradually increases from the central region to the edge, with the highest value of 60%. These results provide a basic data reference for GH4169 fastener forging process development and parameters optimization.
Comparative analysis of the fracture splitting deformation of the big end for C70S6, 36MnVS4 and 46MnVS5 connecting rods
Authors: Liu Jingsha , Kou Shuqing , He Dongye
Published: March 2020

During the fracture splitting process of the connecting rod, the plastic deformation, especially the plastic deformation before cracking, not only causes the big end hole of the connecting rod to be out of roundness, but also increases the residual stress, affecting the assembly precision and even the service life of the connecting rod. In this paper, the mechanical properties of microalloyed steel C70S6, 36MnVS4 and 46MnVS5 connecting rod were determined by tensile test. The displacement field, plastic strain and the deformation principle of the big end before the crack initiation of the fracture splitting of the connecting rod were numerically simulated. The results show that the yield strength, tensile strength and plasticity index of the new medium carbon microalloyed steels 46MnVS5 and 36MnVS4 are significantly higher than those of C70S6. However, the C70S6 connecting rod has a long loading time before crack initiation, and the plastic deformation area of the groove root front is large and the strain is high. The plastic deformation of 36MnVS4 and 46MnVS5 connecting rods is small and the area is concentrated. Among the three, the 46MnVS5 connecting rod has the smallest deformation and the C70S6 connecting rod has the largest deformation.
Analysis of Pavement Mechanical Properties under Different Parameters of Asphalt Materials
Authors: Feng Liu , Hao Li , Gui Liu , Yong Zhou
Published: March 2020

In view of the differences between the 2006 Chinese version of the asphalt pavement design specification and the 2017 version of the asphalt pavement design specification, taking the road structure of Renxin Expressway in Guangdong Province as an example, the finite element analysis method was used to establish the finite element model of the road structure. The mechanical response of asphalt pavement with different surface materials is analyzed. Then the mechanical response of asphalt pavement to asphalt pavement structure with different thickness is analyzed under the condition that the asphalt pavement remains unchanged in both the base layer and the subgrade. Finally, according to the above analysis results, the problems that need attention in asphalt pavement design are obtained.
Fatigue crack path and propagation rate at weld root in cruciform joint
Authors: Shlepetinskiy A Y , Manzhula K P , Saveliev A G
Published: March 2020

The results of experimental research of the path and propagation rate of fatigue cracks in cruciform welded joint with a lack of fusion are presented. It is shown that the cracks are initiated at and propagates from the all non-fused weld root faces. Experimental results are compared with the data of computer simulation in Ansys, and with numerical calculations of fatigue life using the received equations of stress intensity factors at the weld root.
Energy-saving technology and equipment for the production of composite binder using local raw materials
Authors: Romanovich A A , Amini E , Annenko D M , Chekhovskoy E I
Published: March 2020

The article presents the technology and energy-saving equipment for producing a composite binder with a reduction in the energy cost reduction of the process up to 50%, due to the synergistic effect of mechanical activation of the raw material mixture with the replacement of the clinker component with a mineral hydroactive additive. The energy efficiency of the line is achieved by the joint work of the press-roll unit, and the rotor-vortex mill of superfine, which allow the grinding of raw materials to a dispersion with a specific surface area of 4000…4500 cm2/g. The resulting equation for calculating the effort of grinding materials, which is implemented between the conical rollers in the press-roll unit (PRU). It has been established that the power spent on grinding the material and overcoming the friction in the axles of the pivots rolls and proposed the equation for calculating its variable.
Modeling the process of autoclaving treatment of cellular concrete products as control object
Authors: Galitskov S Y , Galitskov K S , Bolkhovetsky A S
Published: March 2020

The authors consider the questions of modeling the process of autoclave treatment of cellular concrete products as a control object. The modeling method, performed in several stages, is suggested. At the first stage, a mathematical model of energy processes occurring in an autoclave, taking into account the internal heat generation during the formation of tobermorite in raw cellular concretes, is developed. The temperature dynamics of steam in an autoclave T

n

(t) has been determined. At the second stage, heat transfer in a cellular concrete is modeled for a given value of T

n

(t). As a result of computational experiments, the temperature dynamics T

m

(x, y, z, t) in the most characteristic parts of the cellular concrete was determined. The assessment of the adequacy of the developed model was made by comparing the results of modeling with the results of experimental studies obtained with the existing process equipment.
Usage of discrete element method in the research of vibrating mills with circular vibrations of the grinding chamber
Authors: Bogdanov V S , Lozovaya S Y , Fadin Y M , Bogdanov N E
Published: March 2020

The paper reviewed the application of the discrete element method for researching the motion of the ball load in vibration mills with circular vibrations of the grinding chamber at different amplitude-frequency characteristics. Vibration mills are actively used in various industries, in particular for road construction in the production of bitumen or mineral components. The paper presents the model of the vibration mill used in numerical calculation, the main indicators of the load’s kinematics providing the efficiency of the vibration mill, presents and analyzes the results of numerical experiments, determines the rational mode of operation of the machine.
Innovative technology for monitoring pavements
Authors: Sakhapov R , Makhmutov M
Published: March 2020

The paper considers the advantages and nature of georadar monitoring of road surfaces comparing to traditional destructive methods of road exploration. The authors checked the thickness of the structural layers of pavement to determine appropriate repair work using the amplitude-frequency characteristics and the dielectric constant (the speed of signal transmission). The article examined the section of the highway and the examination data was recorded in a file, which allows further study and documentation of the material with the help of computer equipment.
Structural schemes analysis of road and construction machines
Authors: Saveliev A G , Mikhailovskaya V A
Published: March 2020

The paper develops a methodology for computation external movability of mechanisms with two-sided and one-sided ties. These mechanisms are often used in the design of road-building machines. Also this article provides with the some of examples of structural schemes of bulldozers, excavators, motor graders and loaders. Describing the main motions of the operating equipment, here is given some example of using different types of hinges.
The deformation-topographic method for the study of the tribotechnical indicators of the working bodies of rotary excavators
Authors: Gustov Y I , Gadolina I V , Yushkov A A
Published: March 2020

The article describes the deformation-topographic method, developed on the basis of hypsographic and sclerobatic modeling of the microrelief of friction surfaces. Hypsographic modeling allows us to represent the microrelief of roughness of friction surfaces in the form of a normalized coordinate system “relative reference line - relative approximation” tp–ε. Sclerobatic modeling allows to reproduce the diagrams of the distribution of microhardness along the normal to the friction surface of details and in the potential area of their worn layer.
Effective system of learning for engineers
Authors: Guskova M F , Sterlikov P F , Sterlikov F F
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the problem of the formation of a system of intensive computerized learning (SICL), based on the consistent use of didactic foundations for creating effective learning systems. The paper generalizes experience of using SICL to create training courses for students of technical areas and specialties. The paper uses the author’s experience of implementing an additional professional educational program for advanced training and professional retraining of higher education teachers “Development of the content of professional education, improving its quality in inextricable connection with science”. The creation of SICL for academic discipline begins with the statement of the didactic task and continues with the formation of the didactic system (a system of methods, means and forms of training). The didactic system (DS) takes into account the conditions of the didactic task and the laws of learning. The theory and methodology of SICL are described for three groups of stages of learning: lecture (presentation), work (bringing to the required level of mastery of educational issues) and final (bringing to the required level of mastering of the content of topics, sections and parts of the academic discipline). The stated positions can be used to create a computerized textbook that forms the basis of SICL.
Methods of recruiting of mobile repair services and maintenance of machines performing reclamation works
Authors: Apatenco A S , Sevryugina N S
Published: March 2020

The specifics of reclamation works are associated with difficult conditions for their mechanization. Seasonality of the work requires an increase in the efficiency of using machines, preferably with the absence of their failures. Usually, equipment failures in melioration organizations are eliminated at the place of machine’s work (units) by the on-site repair teams equipped with mobile repair workrooms (MRWs). Cost analysis of the units operation in the technological complex shows that there is an optimal amount of MRWs for performing repair and technical impacts. The authors develop a technique for selecting mobile repair workrooms and their completeness with repair equipment. It justifies the effectiveness of the inclusion of the service department to eliminate machine failures when performing technical works of mobile repair and maintenance services, basing on a car chassis, with special equipment and accessories infrastructure.
Ensuring the safety of the transshipment process in river ports
Authors: Leonova O V , Veretennikova A S , Veretennikov E G
Published: March 2020

The paper considers the issues of ensuring the safety of the transshipment process in river ports. The authors propose an approach to integrated safety assessment of the transshipment process in river ports taking into account various types of risk. The article analyzes the accidents and injuries during transshipment works in river ports. The authors establish that injuries in river ports are mainly due to operational reasons i.e. due to the presence of a significant number of cranes that have completed their standard service life. The paper studies the influence of the operating time on the static and fatigue strength characteristics of the metal structure of gantry cranes after 30-40 years of operation. The research results show that long-term operation don’t cause significant changes in mechanical characteristics, with static and fatigue strength.
Improving the efficiency of excavators at low temperatures
Authors: Zenkov S A , Lkhanag D
Published: March 2020

In the paper the analysis is carried out for using polymer antiadhesive sheets in order to reduce adhesion of wet cohesive soil to working bodies of excavation machines when operating under sub-zero temperatures. When extracting thawed mine rock under subzero air temperature, intensive freezing of cohesive ground to contacting bucket surfaces, pickup apparatus elements, conveyor belts, treating facilities and links takes place. Freezing intensity depends on humidity, grain size composition, physical properties and temperature of mined rock. Material properties of working bodies which contact mined ground also have significant impact on adhesion of freezing of mined rock. Clay rocks are the most prone to freezing on. An experiment was held using PPL-EI (ППЛ-ЭИ) and PPL-UI (ППЛ-УИ) polymer coatings on adhesion of cohesive overburden rocks to mine excavator buckets under subzero temperatures. After mathematic analysis of experimental results regression equations were obtained, which were applied to engineering solution of excavator bucket.
The basis of an automated design system of the packed absorber using neural networks
Authors: Kharitonova O S , Vyatkina I V , Bronskaya V V , Khairullina L E , Shaikhetdinova R S , Kotova N V
Published: March 2020

An optimal artificial neural network has been developed for an application to determine the height and diameter of the packed absorber apparatus using neural networks. The obtained results can be used for modeling a wide class of objects of chemical technology with the possibility of formalization of calculation procedures.
Possible scope of filler beam bridges on the Russian Railways
Authors: Diachenko L K , Labutin N A , Lang A V
Published: March 2020

One of the most stable trends is the use of multi-component solutions in the practice of bridge construction, one of which is the use of rigid reinforcement elements in bridge girders and decks. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibility of using filler bridge girders on the Russian railway network and determine the scope of their effective application. In the course of the study, the analysis of design solutions was carried out taking into account foreign experience in design and operation and the study of relevant regulatory documents. Also in the course of the work, a comparison of the cost indicators of rigid-reinforced girders and the existing standard projects of the reinforced concrete and steel simple beam bridges was performed. The results of the study are presented by the formed list of the main advantages and disadvantages of girders with rigid reinforcement and the definition of the area of their most effective application. The practical significance of the work is because steel-concrete girders with rigid reinforcement are the most effective solution for the short span bridges up to 15 meters length from both technical, operational and economic sides. The proposed solution allows reducing the resource intensity of the construction and labor costs for its construction and maintenance.
Comparative research of orderliness dinamics of road safety systems in the volga federal district and the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrov A I , Evtyukov S A , Kolesov V I , Petrova D A
Published: March 2020

This article considers the issues of dynamics of road safety provision systems in three multiscaled systems (Russia, Volga Federal District or VFD and separate subjects of VFD). The indicator of relative information entropy Hn of road safety provision process was taken as the characteristic of system orderliness. The ideology, methodics and results of quantitative assessment of road safety provision systems information entropy H were considered. Time series of modification of relative information entropy Hn of road safety provision systems in 2004…2018 in Russia, Volga Federal District and individual subjects of VFD were presented. Special attention was paid to consideration of the researched process in the Orenburg region and Samara region. This regions is characterized by non-standard, different from general trend dynamics of information entropy H of road safety provision system. The general conclusion of the article is that during last 15 years information entropy of road safety provision systems significantly decreased, i.e. orderliness of formation process of road traffic participants safety greatly increased. However, results achieved in this sphere by VFD regions are still far from best world results.
Mernissi, Fatima
Authors: Rhouni Raja
Published: March 2020

Fatima (also spelled Fatema) Mernissi (1940–2015) was a sociologist, writer, feminist, and activist, and above all a free thinker and an avowed humanist. She was committed to dialogue, dismantling all sorts of boundaries, whether between East and West, South and North, women and men, rural and urban, illiterate and educated, activism and academia, or fiction and scholarly writing. Her work is multifaceted, intersectional, fluid, and organic. In her scholarly writings Mernissi was concerned with identifying and critiquing the different structures that intersect to oppress women, ranging through colonialism, nationalism, patriarchal interpretation of Islam, capitalist development, and imperialism. She was also dedicated to shedding light on subaltern women’s agency, amplifying their voices for the hearing of decision-makers and development planners. She significantly contributed to the emergence of “Third World feminism,” fostering pan-African and transnational feminist solidarity. Credited as one of the founders of “Islamic feminism,” she inspired Muslim women all over the world to advocate for women’s rights from a faith-based position. At the end of her life she identified as a Sufi, committed to fostering civic bonding and synergy between civil-society actors, intellectuals, and ordinary women and their communities, always struggling against elitism and egoism.

Mernissi wrote over sixteen books, edited a significant number of volumes, and authored numerous articles. Some of her books have been translated into over twenty-five languages. She directed many writing workshops and was the founding member of numerous research groups and organizations. Mernissi was also the recipient of prestigious awards, among them the Prince of Asturias Award in 2003 and the Erasmus Prize in the Netherlands in 2004. The Guardian ranked her among the top 100 most influential women in the world in 2011. Another recognition—that of which she would perhaps have been most proud—is the acknowledgment and love ordinary women and their communities, with whom she mixed and worked for decades, continue to vow for her after her passing.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Depressor Anguli Oris and Depressor Labii Inferioris for Botulinum Toxin Injections
Authors: Choi You-Jin , We Young-Jun , Lee Hyung-Jin , Lee Kang-Woo , Gil Young-Chun , Hu Kyung-Seok , Tansatit Tanvaa , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: March 2020

Background

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection administered at an inappropriate site or depth can produce an unwanted change in facial animation because the depressor anguli oris (DAO) and depressor labii inferioris (DLI) muscles are partially overlapped. Therefore, simple BoNT-A injection guidelines, based on 3-dimensional (3D) facial anatomic references and landmarks, would be very useful.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to establish novel BoNT-A injection guidelines that include the soft tissue thickness at the lower perioral region. Data were acquired with a 3D scanning system combined with dissections in order to obtain accurate injection sites and depths for the DAO and DLI.

Methods

3D scans of the facial skin, superficial fat, and facial muscle surface were performed in 45 embalmed cadavers. The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous layer were calculated automatically from superimposed images at each of 5 reference points (P) in the perioral region.

Results

In every case (100%), P3 and P5 were located in the DLI and DAO areas, respectively (45/45). Therefore, we defined P3 as the “DLI point” and P5 as the “DAO point.” The soft tissue thicknesses at the DLI and DAO points were 6.4 [1.7] mm and 6.7 [1.8] mm, respectively.

Conclusions

The P3 and P5 described in this study are effective guidelines that only target the DLI and DAO. Clinicians, specifically, can easily use facial landmarks, such as the cheilion and pupil, to assign the DLI and DAO points without any measurement or palpation of the modiolus.
Kurtosis and skewness of high-frequency brain signals are altered in paediatric epilepsy
Authors: Xiang Jing , Maue Ellen , Fan Yuyin , Qi Lei , Mangano Francesco T , Greiner Hansel , Tenney Jeffrey
Published: March 2020

Intracranial studies provide solid evidence that high-frequency brain signals are a new biomarker for epilepsy. Unfortunately, epileptic (pathological) high-frequency signals can be intermingled with physiological high-frequency signals making these signals difficult to differentiate. Recent success in non-invasive detection of high-frequency brain signals opens a new avenue for distinguishing pathological from physiological high-frequency signals. The objective of the present study is to characterize pathological and physiological high-frequency signals at source levels by using kurtosis and skewness analyses. Twenty-three children with medically intractable epilepsy and age-/gender-matched healthy controls were studied using magnetoencephalography. Magnetoencephalographic data in three frequency bands, which included 2–80 Hz (the conventional low-frequency signals), 80–250 Hz (ripples) and 250–600 Hz (fast ripples), were analysed. The kurtosis and skewness of virtual electrode signals in eight brain regions, which included left/right frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, were calculated and analysed. Differences between epilepsy and controls were quantitatively compared for each cerebral lobe in each frequency band in terms of kurtosis and skewness measurements. Virtual electrode signals from clinical epileptogenic zones and brain areas outside of the epileptogenic zones were also compared with kurtosis and skewness analyses. Compared to controls, patients with epilepsy showed significant elevation in kurtosis and skewness of virtual electrode signals. The spatial and frequency patterns of the kurtosis and skewness of virtual electrode signals among the eight cerebral lobes in three frequency bands were also significantly different from that of the controls (2–80 Hz, P < 0.001; 80–250 Hz, P < 0.00001; 250–600 Hz, P < 0.0001). Compared to signals from non-epileptogenic zones, virtual electrode signals from epileptogenic zones showed significantly altered kurtosis and skewness (P < 0.001). Compared to normative data from the control group, aberrant virtual electrode signals were, for each patient, more pronounced in the epileptogenic lobes than in other lobes(kurtosis analysis of virtual electrode signals in 250–600 Hz; odds ratio = 27.9; P < 0.0001). The kurtosis values of virtual electrode signals in 80–250 and 250–600 Hz showed the highest sensitivity (88.23%) and specificity (89.09%) for revealing epileptogenic lobe, respectively. The combination of virtual electrode and kurtosis/skewness measurements provides a new quantitative approach to distinguishing pathological from physiological high-frequency signals for paediatric epilepsy. Non-invasive identification of pathological high-frequency signals may provide novel important information to guide clinical invasive recordings and direct surgical treatment of epilepsy.
Mechanisms of Feature Selectivity and Invariance in Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Almasi Ali , Meffin Hamish , Cloherty Shaun L , Wong Yan , Yunzab Molis , Ibbotson Michael R
Published: March 2020

Visual object identification requires both selectivity for specific visual features that are important to the object’s identity and invariance to feature manipulations. For example, a hand can be shifted in position, rotated, or contracted but still be recognized as a hand. How are the competing requirements of selectivity and invariance built into the early stages of visual processing? Typically, cells in the primary visual cortex are classified as either simple or complex. They both show selectivity for edge-orientation but complex cells develop invariance to edge position within the receptive field (spatial phase). Using a data-driven model that extracts the spatial structures and nonlinearities associated with neuronal computation, we quantitatively describe the balance between selectivity and invariance in complex cells. Phase invariance is frequently partial, while invariance to orientation and spatial frequency are more extensive than expected. The invariance arises due to two independent factors: (1) the structure and number of filters and (2) the form of nonlinearities that act upon the filter outputs. Both vary more than previously considered, so primary visual cortex forms an elaborate set of generic feature sensitivities, providing the foundation for more sophisticated object processing.