bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elder’s Evaluation of Presentation of Other’s Life Histories by an Abatar of PC Soft
Authors: Ando Michiyo
Published: April 2024

Background: A reminiscence therapy is effective on well-being of elders as a point of view of narrators, however it has not been clear of evaluation of elders as a point of view of listeners.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate evaluation of elders who listened to others’ life histories, when an abatar of PC software narrated.Method: Participants were 14 elders in a community college. They watched two presentations of other’s life histories as a form of reminiscence therapy by an abatar of a PC software. They answered some questions about utility or significance of this method, using from 1 to 5 point, and described impression of this presentation by free description.Results: The mean score of the question “This presentation method is useful to understand the reviewer’s life” was the most high (4.29). The mean score of the question “I want to leave my upbringings like this method” was low (3.57). Categories for impression chosen by a qualitative analysis were, “Effects to view of life” “Arising positive emotion” “Evaluation for method of the presentation” “Hope to leave a legacy” and “Negative attitude to reminiscence therapy.”Conclusion: Elders evaluated that this presentation method was useful to know other’s life histories, but they did not want to leave memories like this method, though some wanted to leave legacies. The presentation affected their view of life, promoting positive emotion or hope to leave legacy. Japanese people might refrain their life histories from opening to others.
Aleitamento materno exclusivo: prevalência na maternidade e durante o segundo mês de vida
Authors:   Serviço de Neonatologia, UAG da Mulher e da Criança do Centro  Hospitalar Universitário de  São João,  Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal, Santos Silva Jorge , Flor-de-Lima Filipa ,   Serviço de Neonatologia, UAG da Mulher e da Criança do Centro  Hospitalar Universitário de  São João,  Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal, Soares Henrique ,   Serviço de Neonatologia, UAG da Mulher e da Criança do Centro  Hospitalar Universitário de  São João,  Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Published: April 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A taxa de aleitamento materno exclusivo dos recém-nascidos em Portugal mantém-se inferior às recomendações Nacionais e Internacionais. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo à alta da maternidade e a sua evolução até ao segundo mês de vida. METODOLOGIA: Realizámos um estudo retrospetivo de recém-nascidos saudáveis nascidos no nosso hospital, de abril a novembro de 2019. Os dados referentes ao seu modo de alimentação foram recolhidos em consulta durante o segundo mês de vida. RESULTADOS: Dos 159 recém-nascidos estudados, o aleitamento materno exclusivo ocorreu em 80,5% à alta da maternidade, sendo a sua prevalência inferior nos nascidos por cesariana 69,7% (p= 0,019). Durante o segundo mês de vida a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo ocorreu em 59,7% da amostra (p<0,001) não se demonstrando nessa altura diferenças significativas entre os diferentes modos de parto. DISCUSSÃO DOS RESULTADOS: Destaca-se a relação negativa do nascimento por cesariana na prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo à alta da maternidade. Realça-se a importância do acompanhamento à família após a alta hospitalar, assim como, o reforço da formação continua dos profissionais de saúde. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo da nossa amostra, embora inferior ao preconizado pela literatura, é sobreponível aos dados nacionais. A sua melhoria é dependente de uma estratégia clínica diferenciada para os diferentes modos de nascimento, assim como, pela implementação da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo dos Bebés.
Papinhas infantis naturais e industrializadas no Brasil: o que a nutrição e a gastronomia nos revelam?
Authors:   Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Sales Oliveira, n.º 201 - Parque  Universitário,  14404-600, Franca (SP),  Brasil, Pansani Maniglia Fabíola , Capreti Scavone Patrícia ,   Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Sales Oliveira, n.º 201 - Parque  Universitário,  14404-600, Franca (SP),  Brasil, Barbosa Boiani Mariana ,   Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Sales Oliveira, n.º 201 - Parque  Universitário,  14404-600, Franca (SP),  Brasil, Silveira Franco Gabriel ,   Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Sales Oliveira, n.º 201 - Parque  Universitário,  14404-600, Franca (SP),  Brasil
Published: April 2024

A amamentação exclusiva até aos 6 meses de idade é indicada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Após esta fase, o leite humano já não supre sozinho as necessidades de macro e micronutrientes da criança, propiciando o início da alimentação complementar. Este é um período de grande preocupação para os pais e cuidadores, em que não sabem o que devem ou não oferecer às crianças. Tanto a quantidade de nutrientes quanto a consistência adequada devem ser considerados. Atualmente, existe uma gama de alimentos infantis industrializados, entre eles se destacam as papas, que se apresentam salgadas e doces e oferecem praticidades aos pais e cuidadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de comparar os valores nutricionais e as características organolépticas, com exceção do sabor, de papas industrializadas e naturais. Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente duas marcas que comercializam papas industrializadas no Brasil, sendo que os seus ingredientes e composição nutricional foram analisados e em seguida organizados para comparação com as papas naturais. As papas naturais foram preparadas no laboratório de gastronomia da Universidade de Franca, fotografadas e seus ingredientes e nutrientes foram analisados, com o auxílio da Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos. Além disso, o custo de ambas as papas foi levantado. Notou-se uma importante variação nutricional, especialmente nos valores energético e de glicídios. A adição de espessantes e aditivos químicos nas papas industrializadas, foi um ponto importante para a comparação. Foi constatado que a presença de sódio em alimentos industrializados, é mais significativa do que em alimentos naturais. Outro aspecto analisado foi a consistência e viscosidade das papas industrializadas, que se mostram inadequadas por não estimular a mastigação na fase de introdução da alimentação complementar. Por fim, o custo das papas industrializadas foi três a quatro vezes mais caro do que as naturais.
Quantificação do desperdício alimentar em refeitórios escolares: impacto de uma campanha de sensibilização
Authors:   Uniself, SA, Rua de S. Gens, n.º 3380-N,  1.º, 4460-409 Matosinhos,  Portugal, Moreira Patrícia , Ávila Helena ,   Uniself, SA, Rua de S. Gens, n.º 3380-N,  1.º, 4460-409 Matosinhos,  Portugal, João Correia Maria ,   Uniself, SA, Rua de S. Gens, n.º 3380-N,  1.º, 4460-409 Matosinhos,  Portugal
Published: April 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O desperdício alimentar acarreta implicações éticas, económicas, ambientais e nutricionais, sobretudo a nível escolar. Uma unidade de alimentação coletiva deverá assegurar refeições seguras e adequadas nutricionalmente, podendo os benefícios da sua ingestão nem sempre serem garantidos se o desperdício alimentar se revelar elevado. OBJETIVOS: Quantificar o desperdício alimentar resultante de refeições servidas ao almoço em quatro unidades de restauração coletiva do ensino básico e secundário de um município português, com avaliação da eficácia de uma campanha de sensibilização. METODOLOGIA: O estudo foi dividido em três etapas. Na primeira etapa quantificou-se o desperdício alimentar; na segunda, realizou-se uma campanha de sensibilização em duas escolas e, na terceira etapa, fez-se uma nova quantificação do desperdício alimentar. Para o cálculo da sobra e resto, considerou-se o método físico de pesagem. Através da entrega e análise de um questionário pretendeu-se elencar os fatores promotores de desperdício em duas escolas. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se um desperdício alimentar de 32,3% (considerando prato e sopa) na primeira quantificação e 21,9% na segunda quantificação. Após intervenção, verificou-se que a campanha de sensibilização foi impactante na redução do desperdício alimentar. Quando comparadas as escolas com e sem intervenção relativamente ao desperdício alimentar verificou-se uma diminuição no desperdício obtido entre a primeira e segunda quantificação. Relativamente ao desperdício de conduto, verificou-se um índice de resto de 18,1% para “pescado” e de 11,8% para “carne”, sem significado estatístico. Os principais fatores promotores de desperdício alimentar encontrados foram: barulho durante a hora de almoço, lotação do refeitório e ementa servida. CONCLUSÕES: O presente trabalho vem expor a necessidade de se considerarem diversos fatores como influenciadores do desperdício, nomeadamente a refeição, mas também todo o ambiente envolvente, desde a qualidade do serviço ao próprio espaço físico onde se realizam as refeições.
Efeitos do uso de probióticos em pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais
Authors:   Complexo Hospitalar da Universidade Federal do Ceará/ Empresa Brasileira  de Serviços Hospitalares  (EBSERH),  R. Pastor Samuel  Munguba, 1290 - Rodolfo  Teófilo, Fortaleza - CE,  60430-372. Fortaleza,  CE, Brasil, Rodrigues de Morais Suelyne , de Souza Santana Moema ,   Complexo Hospitalar da Universidade Federal do Ceará/ Empresa Brasileira  de Serviços Hospitalares  (EBSERH),  R. Pastor Samuel  Munguba, 1290 - Rodolfo  Teófilo, Fortaleza - CE,  60430-372. Fortaleza,  CE, Brasil
Published: April 2024

OBJETIVOS: Demonstrar os efeitos do uso de probióticos em pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais. METODOLOGIA: Revisão integrativa em que os artigos foram selecionados utilizando as bases de dados U.S. National Library of Medicine(Pubmed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Biblioteca Virtual em saúde (Bireme), por meio das seguintes palavras-chave: probiótico (probiotic); doença inflamatória intestinal (inflammatory bowel disease) ou doença de Crohn (Crohn's disease) ou Colite ulcerosa (ulcerative colitis). Foram selecionados estudos publicados entre 2012 e 2022, tendo sido encontrados 258 estudos inicialmente. Foram excluídos: 219 estudos que não eram adequados de acordo com a temática, após leitura dos resumos, foram excluídos mais 24 estudos. Ao final, foram excluídos mais 4 estudos que não estavam disponíveis na íntegra, resultando em onze estudos. RESULTADOS: Dentre os estudos analisados, foi encontrado que a suplementação com probióticos em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal pode reduzir os níveis de citocinas inflamatórias, melhorar a composição da microbiota intestinal, além de poder proporcionar menores taxas de recaída da doença. Apesar disso, salienta-se que alguns estudos apresentam amostras pequenas e baixo tempo de intervenção, sendo necessário maior período para se observar o efeito do uso a longo prazo. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de vários estudos terem demonstrado que a suplementação com probióticos apresenta benefícios para pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais, mais estudos a longo prazo são necessários para verificar a eficácia e a possibilidade de ocorrerem efeitos colaterais com diferentes estirpes e dosagens de suplementação.
Valorização da bolota para consumo humano em Portugal
Authors:   CiTechCare, Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology,  Rua de Santo André,  n.º 66-68, Campus 5,  Politécnico de Leiria,  2410-541 Leiria, Portugal, Rodrigues Monteiro Eva ,   Escola Superior de Saúde de Leiria do Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena  - Alto do Vieiro, Apartado  4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal, Margarida Fonseca Ana ,   CHAIA - Centro de História de Arte e Investigação Artística, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo  Marquês de Marialva, n.º 8,  7000-809 Évora, Portugal, Cunhal Sendim Alfredo ,   Herdade do Freixo do Meio, 7050-705 Foros de Vale de Figueira, Portugal, Cátia Vasconcelos Ana ,   Herdade do Freixo do Meio, 7050-705 Foros de Vale de Figueira, Portugal, Santos Ribeiro Vânia ,   CiTechCare, Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Rua de Santo André,  n.º 66-68, Campus 5,  Politécnico de Leiria,  2410-541 Leiria, Portugal,   Escola Superior de Saúde de Leiria do Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do Lena  - Alto do Vieiro, Apartado  4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal,   GeoBioTec, Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade  de Ciências e Tecnologia  da Universidade Nova de  Lisboa,  Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica,  Portugal
Published: April 2024

O consumo humano de bolota em Portugal era frequente até meados dos anos 60, altura a partir da qual caiu em desuso. Na última década, tem-se constatado um ressurgir do interesse pela bolota para alimentação humana, verificando-se a sua incorporação em diversos produtos alimentares inovadores, embora continue a ser vista por grande parte da população como ração de gado suíno. Sendo um fruto silvestre edível muito abundante em Portugal e detentor de um elevado valor nutricional, acredita-se que a sua valorização para consumo humano pode ser positiva. Assim, foi conduzida uma revisão narrativa da literatura com o intuito de investigar o consumo humano de bolota em Portugal, a respetiva cadeia de processamento e o seu impacto na saúde. Para tal, efetuou-se uma pesquisa, limitada aos últimos dez anos nas bases de dados Medline (PubMed), ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Web of Science, Repositórios de Acesso Aberto e Google Académico. Verificou-se que, apesar da sua variabilidade e limitação de estudos, o consumo de bolota poderá, pela sua atividade biológica e fitoquímica, traduzir-se em diversos benefícios para a saúde, se enquadrado numa dieta saudável. A cadeia de processamento dos seus diferentes produtos tem igualmente potencial para ser desenvolvida e otimizada. Assim, a valorização da bolota para consumo humano e consequente desenvolvimento da respetiva cadeia de valor, poderão contribuir para alimentar as gerações futuras de forma segura e sustentável.
Rapid diagenesis and microbial biosignature degradation in spring carbonates from Crystal Geyser, Utah, U.S.A.
Authors: Lima-Zaloumis Jon , Farmer Jack D. , Trembath-Reichert Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Carbonate rocks retain a well preserved record of biologically associated structures at the outcrop to millimeter scale; however, microscale features such as cellular fossils are rarely represented. The lack of microscale textural information in ancient carbonates is commonly attributed to processes relating to carbonate diagenesis. However, there are relatively few examples of precisely how and when these destructive processes occur, particularly in active precipitating systems. To better understand the taphonomy of carbonate precipitating environments through early diagenesis, we investigated Crystal Geyser, an active cold-water carbonate spring (∼ 18°C) located in Grand County, Utah. Here we show that rapid precipitation is effective at initially capturing cell-like structures and forming associated microscale laminated stromatolites; however, these morphologies degrade immediately after their formation. We attribute destructive diagenetic effects to the recrystallization of metastable aragonite into the more stable polymorph calcite (i.e., inversion) and the associated textural coarsening that homogenizes and erases the original fabric (i.e., aggrading neomorphism). Despite the loss of microscale morphological information, chemical biosignatures in the form of macromolecular organics remain dispersed throughout the disrupted carbonate textures. These observations provide an example of penecontemporaneous diagenesis that obliterates primary microscale textures in carbonate rocks. Similar mechanisms and their rapid timing, as shown here, likely contributes to the observed lack of microscale morphological biosignatures in many ancient carbonates. This work further highlights that in such systems, permineralization by a more stable crystalline phase, such as chert, must occur rapidly after deposition to effectively retain these signatures over geological timescales.
Machine Learning Models to Predict Total Skin Factor in Perforated Wells
Authors: Thabet S. , Elhadidy A. , Elshielh M. , Taman A. , Helmy A. , Elnaggar H. , Yehia T.
Published: April 2024

An accurate total skin factor prediction for an oil well is critical for the evaluation of the inflow performance relationship, and the optimization of the appropriate stimulation treatment such as acidizing and hydraulic fracturing. Performing well testing regularly is not economically feasible, and the equations used for total skin damage may not be accurate. In this work, the goal is to build machine learning (ML) models that can predict the total skin factor in perforated wells using accessible field data. Nine distinct ML algorithms such as Gradient Boosting (GB), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Linear Regression (LR), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are meticulously developed and fine-tuned using a substantial dataset derived from 1,088 wells. The dataset encompasses 19,040 data points, thoughtfully split into two subsets: 70% (13,328 data points) for training the algorithms, and 30% (5,712 data points) for testing their predictions. The parameters used are mostly gathered during well completion and conventional well testing operations, including liquid flow rate, water cut, gas oil ratio, bottomhole flowing pressure, reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature, reservoir permeability, reservoir thickness, perforations diameter, perforations density, perforations penetration depth, well deviation, and penetrated portion of the net pay thickness. In this study, the total skin factor acquired from conventional well test analysis serves as the model's output. K-fold cross-validation and repeated random sampling validation techniques are used to assess the performance of the models against the total skin obtained from the conventional well test analysis. The K-fold cross-validation outcomes of the top-performing ML models, specifically GB, AdaBoost, RF, DT, and KNN, reveal remarkably low mean absolute percentage error values reported as 3.2%, 3.2%, 2.9%, 3.3%, and 3.8%, respectively. Additionally, the correlation coefficients (R2) for these models are notably high, with values of 0.972, 0.968, 0.975, 0.964, and 0.956, respectively. In conclusion, ML models demonstrated their ability to predict total skin factor for different reservoir fluid properties, well geometries, and completion configurations. ML models offer a more efficient, quick, and cost-effective alternative to the conventional well-testing analysis.
Improving the Performance of Smart Waterflooding Through Surfactant-Assisted Process for a Carbonate Oil Reservoir
Authors: Belhaj Ahmed Fatih , Fakir Shasanowar Hussain , Javadi Amir Hossein , Sarma Hemanta Kumar
Published: April 2024

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques utilizing low-salinity water (LSW) are advancing owing to their favorable technical and economic viability. LSW flooding entails the injection of a modified-composition brine into oil reservoirs with a lower concentration of the potential determining ions (PDIs), specifically Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42− ions compared to high-salinity connate water or injected seawater. Achieving an optimum concentration of the PDIs in the injected water provides further potential for enhancing oil recovery, which is denoted as smart waterflooding. Surfactants can be used to reinforce the smart waterflooding performance by reducing oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) and enhancing the rock surface wettability alteration. In this research, a comprehensive laboratory study is conducted to investigate the optimum surfactant-assisted smart water formulation for a carbonate rock. The initial step of this study involves the evaluation of fluid-fluid interactions using IFT via spinning drop tensiometer. The subsequent step involves studying the rock-fluid interactions using zeta potential experiments, wettability alteration in a specifically-designed HPHT imbibition cell and reservoir-condition HPHT coreflooding tests in composite cores. The results of IFT experiments showed more effective oil-water interactions of the smart brine when the sulfate concentration increased. The zeta potential experiments using the streaming potential method showed a clear trend of yielding more negative values for the smart water solutions when the surfactant was added to the system. The rock surface charge was found sensitive to the sulfate concentration and by adsorption of this ion, the positive charge of the rock surface is reduced. The presence of the surfactant in smart water system has improved the wettability alteration mechanism and reduced the contact angle by 12° which indicated the further alteration of wettability of the carbonate rock from oil-wet to water-wet. The outcomes of the coreflooding revealed an additional oil recovery of 7.72% achieved via the addition of the A-1 surfactant to smart waterflooding. The findings of this study are expected to enhance the understanding of the application of smart waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs and the future perspective of hybrid application of water-based EOR processes.
What will it take to get to Net-Zero Emissions in California?
Authors: Neutel Joshua , Berson Andrew , Saltzer Sarah , Orr Franklin , Brandt Adam , Benson Sally
Published: April 2024

In this work, a new modeling tool called DECAL is developed and used to evaluate what it will take to reach California's new climate goal of net-zero emissions by 2045. DECAL is a scenario-based model that projects emissions, society-wide costs, and resource consumption in response to user-defined inputs. DECAL was built with the requisite level of detail needed to model true net-zero pathways. DECAL was first used to replicate the California Air Resources Board's (CARB's) 2022 Scoping Plan scenarios, both to demonstrate efficacy of the new tool, and so that additional net-zero pathways could be compared to CARB's plan. We find that the state can get nearly halfway to its net-zero target with technologies that are already commercially available, but the scale of infrastructure buildout and rate of sales turnover that will be needed still presents an enormous challenge. Furthermore, several technologies that are currently at pilot or research scale will need to be developed and widely deployed, including zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles, carbon capture & sequestration for industrial applications, clean industrial heating, low global warming potential refrigerants, and direct air capture. This work also emphasizes other practical considerations, such as lag-time for turning over the existing stock of vehicles and building appliances, as well as bioenergy feedstock constraints. The analyses demonstrate the unforgiving nature of reaching net-zero emissions, which will require all emission sources in the economy to be accounted for, including hard-to-abate sectors such as Industry, Agriculture, and Non-Energy. For these reasons, it is likely the state will need significant carbon dioxide removal (e.g., direct air capture, bioenergy with carbon capture) to meet its net-zero goal by 2045.
Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data for Wettability Alteration with Smart Water Flooding in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Buriro Muhammad Ali , Wei Mingzhen , Bai Baojun , Yao Ya
Published: April 2024

Smart water flooding is a promising eco-friendly method for enhancing oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. The optimal salinity and ionic composition of the injected water play a critical role in the success of this method. This study advances the field by employing machine learning and data analytics to streamline the determination of these critical parameters, which are traditionally reliant on time-intensive laboratory work. The primary objectives are to utilize data analytics to examine how smart water flooding influences wettability modification, identify key parameter ranges that notably alter the contact angle, and formulate guidelines and screening criteria for successful lab design. This design aims to shift rock conditions from oil-wet to water-wet by choosing the optimal salinity and ionic concentrations for smart water flooding. Analyzing a comprehensive dataset of 484 data points from 48 studies, primarily focused on Calcium Carbonate (72.7%), we assessed properties of rocks and oils, injection brine characteristics, and contact angles before and after smart water injection from 2010 to 2023. Our findings highlight a strong correlation between the initial contact angle and the change post-smart water flooding, indicating the critical role of the rock's initial wettability. We identified that high concentrations of sodium, calcium, and chloride ions adversely affect wettability alteration, while sulfate ions contribute positively. Furthermore, outliers were removed, and after comprehensive analysis, application guidelines were developed for each significant parameter for calcium carbonate, limestone, and dolomite rock. Our research further reveals that calcium carbonate exhibits intermediate initial wettability, whereas dolomite and limestone show more muscular initial water-wet conditions. Smart water ionic composition analysis revealed distinct responses in calcium carbonate compared to dolomite and limestone, underlining the importance of tailoring smart water composition to specific rock types. The analysis highlights that oils with lower API gravity, acid numbers, and viscosities exhibit more excellent responsiveness in altering wettability. Overall, this study significantly advances smart water flooding in carbonate reservoirs, offering a framework for optimizing EOR techniques by salinity and ionic composition. Additionally, it establishes a screening criterion for optimal salinity and ionic ranges, potentially reducing time-consuming experiments.
Research on Performance Evaluation and Mechanism Analysis of a Novel Nano Oil-Displacement System
Authors: Zhang Jian , Sun Zhe , Wang Xiujun , Cao Jie , Vasilevskaya Valentina V. , Ushakova Alexandra
Published: April 2024

The heterogeneity of reservoirs in Offshore Oilfields is severe. There is a large amount of remaining oil exists in interlayer, intra layer, or microscopic pores after water flooding, which is difficult to be displaced efficiently. Therefore, a novel dispersion system has been developed in recent years. Due to its excellent performance and advanced mechanism, it can achieve the goal of deep fluid diversion and expanding swept volume.

The dispersion system consists of particles and its carrier fluid. After coming into porous media, it shows the motion feature of "temporary plugging and good migration". In this paper, the preparation method, reservoir adaptability evaluation, and plugging characteristics of dispersion system is firstly studied. Then, by adopting the microfluidic technology, its oil displacement mechanism is further explored. On this basis, oil displacement evaluation is carried out through the CT technology.

Results show that, by changing the type and amount of modifiers, spherical silicon-based nanomaterials ANS and flake silicon-based nanomaterials ALP were synthesized. The two nanofluids show a good ability to change the wettability of cores and strip oil droplets. On the other hand, through the migration performance test, ANS and ALP have temporary plugging characteristics and good migration performance, which can realize deep fluid diversion and expand swept volume. 3D macro physical simulation experiment shows that, dispersion system can achieve the goal of enhance oil recovery.

In this paper, through the regulation of nanofluid conformation, the multiple effects of oil film stripping, emulsification, dispersion, temporary plugging, and oil displacement has been developed, which solves the bottleneck problem of potential application of new oil displacement agents. This lays a theoretical foundation for nanofluids flooding technology.
Investigation on the Impact of Cushion Gases in Saline Aquifer: Implication for Underground H2 Storage
Authors: AL homoud Rana , Machado Marcos Vitor Barbosa , Daigle Hugh , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Ates Harun
Published: April 2024

The goal of this research is to investigate the use of different gases to serve as cushion gases to minimize H2 loss in underground H2 storage (UHS). A detailed study is performed using a compositional numerical reservoir simulator. We constructed a base model that uses H2 as the cushion gas. Next, we developed three different scenarios where CH4, N2, and CO2 are used as the cushion gas, and we analyzed the impact of each cushion gas on the overall performance of the UHS. We developed the fluid model to account for the density and viscosity of a mixture of gases. Our results indicated that CH4 emerges as the optimal choice, followed by N2, and subsequently CO2. However, maximizing the H2 recovery from 63% to 77% was at the cost of lowering H2 purity. Yet, using an alternative cushion gas played a vital role in minimizing the spreading of hydrogen, and consequently preventing the H2 loss into the formation.
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Turquoise Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes Integration in Oil and Gas Infrastructure
Authors: Joao I. F.
Published: April 2024

The carbon nanotubes (CNT) market is anticipated to witness a twofold expansion throughout the 2020s, in parallel with the ascendance of hydrogen (H2) as a pivotal element in the energy mix. This study assesses the economic feasibility of manufacturing CNTs and hydrogen utilizing Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition (FC-CVD) methodologies within oil and gas (O&G) infrastructures. This approach is proposed as a strategic initiative to monetize methane, which is frequently subjected to flaring and possesses a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 27–30 times higher than that of carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100-year period (Understanding Global Warming Potentials 2023).

A comprehensive techno-economic model was constructed utilizing a process-driven cost framework that encompasses precursor materials, energy expenditures, and infrastructural investment considerations. These precursors include methane as a carbon source, specialized catalysts facilitating the dissociation of carbon and hydrogen during the reaction, and carriers that enhance the quality of the resultant CNT materials. From an infrastructural perspective, costs incorporate the utilization of distinct reactors tailored for methane pyrolysis. Additionally, the model integrates the costs of pressure swing adsorption systems (PSA) for hydrogen segregation and systems for hot gas processing. For the economic evaluation, a production timeframe of 10 years is postulated. Metrics such as the unit production breakeven price are assessed assuming a discount rate of 10%.

An industrial-scale FC-CVD process facility, designed to produce 1,000 metric tons of CNT materials yearly, is projected to manufacture at costs as low as $14/kg. The economic analysis suggests that O&G companies could secure profits given the present market price for CNTs ranging from $100 to $1000, effectively reducing the production costs of hydrogen (another co-product) to a negligible level. This would, in effect, create a "free" revenue stream from hydrogen production while supplying a crucial material integral to advanced technologies, such as highly efficient batteries. Such a low-carbon approach could potentially be an alternative to the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) model, which typically incurs high energy and financial costs.
Boosting the Performance of Geothermal Wells Using Progressively-Burning Propellant and High-Rate Acidizing
Authors: Aydin H. , Junesompitsiri C. , Hunkar F. , Schmidt JD , Schmidt R. , Schmidt A.
Published: April 2024

Geothermal energy provides an excellent source of low-carbon power generation. Advances in well completion and stimulation techniques hold promise for increasing energy yield while reducing gas emissions. Geothermal reservoirs’ characteristics typically rely on a natural fracture system with mineral deposition due to alteration. In these systems, it's vital to achieve a high production rate. Various stimulation techniques are commonly known to the industry to remove near-wellbore damage (skin) by injecting appropriate fluids such as acid or solvents. Another approach is bypassing these near-wellbore damages by creating a fracture aiming to create a conductive flow path or improve connectivity to the natural fracture networks. Both techniques can also be used together. This paper presents a combination of creating fractures using propellant stimulation tool followed by an acid treatment. Performance improvement with the propellant tool operation followed by high-rate acidizing will be presented. The stimulation application showed that the production performance of the well was increased by 5-fold. The progressively-burning propellantcoupled with high-rate acidizing were effectively implemented to enhance the production capability of naturally fractured geothermal well. The payback of the stimulation application was less than two months.
Advancements in Gas Field Operations: A Path to Achieving Zero Flaring
Authors: Alsuhali Zaid , Amry Meshal
Published: April 2024

The study compared the effectiveness and cost implications of High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPs) and continuous flaring as layers of protection. As a result of the study, the facility's operational philosophy was reviewed, leading to the shutdown of six tie-in flares. This strategic initiative was implemented with minimal funding costs and has resulted in substantial cost savings over the facility's lifespan. The cost savings encompass various aspects, such as the value generated from utilizing the gas as a resource and the reduction in maintenance expenses associated with fuel burning, flare tip replacements, and general maintenance. By converting the continuous flares to maintenance flares, routine flaring was effectively eliminated, achieving zero routine flaring status. The study also emphasized the importance of addressing climate change. By adopting low carbon intensity technology and implementing administrative and engineering controls for facilities without HIPs, routine flaring was reduced by 63%. These achievements align with global expectations for environmental protection and the ongoing transformation of the energy sector towards low carbon emissions. The production of energy with minimal impact on air quality contributes to the commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. This paper presents a comparative analysis between High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPs) and continuous flaring as layers of safety protection in gas fields. By examining these factors, we aim to provide insights into the optimal choice for ensuring safety, minimizing environmental harm, and achieving cost savings in gas field operations.
Exploration of CO2-Sensitive Chemicals as Potential Sealing Agents for Subsurface CO2 Storage
Authors: Quan L. , Mirabolghasemi M.
Published: April 2024

Pre-existing and induced leakage pathways in subsurface CO2 storage reservoirs pose a threat to long-term CO2 storage. A potential preventative solution to CO2 escape is the use of CO2-sensitive chemicals. These chemicals change from liquid to solid or solid-like state upon contact with CO2, and create an in-situ barrier to flow. This study explores CO2-sensitive materials and the mechanisms by which they can seal the leakage routes in subsurface CO2 storage sites.

In this article we surveyed a wide range of reactions that are influenced or triggered by CO2, whose products may potentially seal geological formations. We classified these reactions based on their sealing mechanisms into two categories. First group of reactions produce solids or gels, which completely fill the pore space and plug the hosting porous/fractured medium. Second group of reactions involves suspensions of CO2-sensitive particles. These particles may grow or aggregate upon contact with CO2, and eventually block the hosting pores/fractures.

CO 2 triggers gelation through various mechanisms. It is known to crosslink molecules with amino groups on their side chains, even at high pressures and temperatures. At room temperature, CO2 triggers the gelation of aliphatic amines. Furthermore, CO2 triggers other gelation reactions by creating an acidic environment or decreasing the solubility of water-soluble polymers. The other sealing mechanism induced by CO2 is salt precipitation. Solid formation through this mechanism is the result of mineral carbonation and eventual formation of insoluble salts. The third mechanism of solid formation is resin solidification after the initial aqueous compound is exposed to high concentrations of CO2. Finally, some polymeric particles swell or aggregate upon contact with CO2. As these particles grow in size due to the aforementioned mechanisms, they block the flow pathways inside the pores and fractures.

This study provides a list of candidate chemicals that may be used as preventative sealing agents in subsurface CO2 reservoirs. It also highlights their limitations and the lack of knowledge on their performance in terms of reaction viability and seal stability and durability at elevated temperatures, pressures, and salinities.
Priorities and directions for future research on student mental health within UK Higher Education Institutions: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Cogan Nicola , Murray Aja , O'Toole Michelle , Long Emily , Milicev Jelena , Leung Menchie , Kyratzi Stella , Gardani Maria
Published: April 2024

Background
In recent years, scholars, practitioners, policy-makers and governments have become alarmed at the declining mental health of students in the United Kingdom (UK), highlighting the need for a comprehensive examination of existing knowledge on the subject. Given the diverse educational, socio-political contexts, and health and social care systems of the four nations of the UK (namely England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales) it is crucial to identify what is currently known about student mental health in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) across the UK in order to guide and advance future research, policy and intervention. In doing so, we will elucidate the differing scope of research across the UK and compare the mental health challenges and support systems that each nation contains. Such a scoping review which maps the available literature has yet to be conducted and thus in this paper we outline the protocol for a scoping review on student mental health in HEIs in the UK.
Methods
This protocol outlines the process of conducting a scoping review of primary research concerning student mental health in HEIs in the UK. The Joanna Briggs Institute guidance on best practice for conducting a scoping review is utilised throughout. A systematic search of appropriate databases will be conducted, allowing for a two-step screening process and data charting. Inclusion criteria for this review dictates that eligible studies will: (a) include a population aged 16 years plus, (b) include the term ‘mental health', (c) include data collected within the UK, (d) be primary research, (e) be published post-2003 and (f) be published in English.
Discussion
The findings of the scoping review outlined in this protocol will be used to inform any immediate actions that can be taken to support better student mental health in the UK as well as inform future research in the area. This review will help build guidance on how to strengthen the evidence base on student mental health in the four nations of the UK for students, educational providers, academics and mental health practitioners, with the aim of raising awareness and improving research, policy and practice across the four nations.
Estimation of in-situ Masonry Mortar Compressive Strength Using Pendulum Hamming Test Method
Authors: suhang Yang , Hu chen , Xu zhifeng
Published: April 2024

The compressive strength of in-situ masonry mortar was evaluated using the Pendulum Test Method (PHTM). A portable PHTM apparatus specifically designed for this purpose is utilized to indirectly evaluate the compressive strength by inserting steel nails into the horizontal mortar joints of the masonry and measuring the penetration depth. This apparatus can directly test extracted mortar samples without excessive preparation. The discrete attributes of the test outcomes are analyzed to ascertain the repeatability and reliability of the PHTM results. A relationship between penetration depth and compressive strength is established. In comparison with other existing testing methods, it has been confirmed that PHTM is an alternative compression testing method for masonry mortar, with the advantages of high accuracy, minimal preparation work, and good repeatability. The mortar compressive strength estimated by PHTM is reasonably consistent with the mortar cubic compressive strength test results.
The effect of Hormonal Contraceptives in Health Status of Sudanese Women in Omdurman Locality-Sudan
Authors: Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud , AlRahman Hanaa AbdAlla Abd , Khalil Mayada Alaa Eldeen , Hammad Mohammed Aldai , Elsheikh Mohammed Abdelgader
Published: April 2024

Background Studies concerning the negative effect of hormonal contraceptives is scarce and scanty. The main aim of this study the common health problems related to the intake of oral contraceptives (OCP) and injection contraceptives (INJ).Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, The study was conducted in Omdurman Maternity Hospital. About 125 Sudanese women were participated in this study divided to test group which was consisted of 65 women used contraceptives, and 60 women were control group. The primary data was collected using questionnaire and laboratory investigations.Results Sociodemographic characteristics of the two groups showed no association between residential areas and nutritional problems as it compared between control and test group (P ≤ 0.05). Level of blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and Hb% among test and control group showed clear differences between the two groups (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusions The most common side effects associated with consecutive use among test were headache, hair fall, weight increase, joint pain, fatigue, accelerated heart beats, unstable breathing and nausea.
Endoscopic Removal of Petrous Cholesteatoma via Trans-canal Supra-labyrinth Approach- A Case Report
Authors: Roy Steuphen , Ravichandran Kastury , Ai Ong Cheng , Narayanan Prepageran
Published: April 2024

Background Petrous cholesteatoma is an entity of significant clinical ramifications especially concerning surgical risks it poses due to close proximity with vital skull-base neurovascular structures. Despite the challenges, surgical extirpation is still the treatment of choice. Conventional methods comprise external trans-mastoid routes through trans-labyrinth, retro-sigmoid and middle cranial fossa.Case presentation In this paper, we present a man native to Borneo, having previously been surgically treated for cholesteatoma who presented with a recurrence at the petrous apex. It was excised entirely via endoscopic trans-canal supra-labyrinth approach.Conclusion Endoscopic removal is currently gaining favor amongst skull-base surgeons as more complex cases has been dealt successfully and reported worldwide. Nonetheless it is an intricate procedure that requires a highly skilled and confident operator which demands experience.
Using Natural Language and Health Ontologies in Hope Recommender System: Evaluation of Use in Primary Care
Authors: Eguia Hans , Sánchez-Bocanegra Carlos , Fernandez-Llatas Carlos , Alvarez-López Fernando , Saigí-Rubió Francesc
Published: April 2024

Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of the results of an evidence-based information recommender called Health Operation for Personalized Evidence (HOPE), which is a UMLS ontology-based solution and was used as an automatic assistant to find information in primary care cases.
Materials and methods
Ontologies and Natural Language Processing (NLP) were used by HOPE to assess clinical cases and generate a group of recommendations. The results were reviewed by fifty general practitioners (raters). The Kappa-Fleiss Coefficient measured the level of agreement among them. The precision was also measured to evaluate the satisfaction of a user who is presented with different EBM references. The precision (precision@k) and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG@k) were also calculated because both metrics help assess different aspects of AI recommendation systems.
Results
The Kappa Fleiss coefficient for the 50 raters was 0,66 (z=277 and p-value=0) which represents an “important association” among raters. The results for precision@3, precision@4 and precision@5 over 0,75 showed also good results (@3 72%; @4 72%; @5 68%) as well as the NDCG@k (NDCG@3 63%; NDCG@4 60%; NDCG@5 60%).
The results presented after the NDCG@k indicate that the recommendation system adequately classifies the recommendations presented by HOPE according to the ratings of the raters. The results are highly relevant and they are in the optimal order according to the preferences of raters. HOPE’s response service time seems to be almost immediate, with a mean time of 17,4 seconds.
Conclusion
The recommender system seems to find accurate information for primary care. The use of UMLS ontologies and NLP allows HOPE to find useful information for a clinical case within a reasonable time (relative to the patient’s time assigned). These recommendations could potentially get better diagnosis and treatment as well as eventually reduce consultation time.
Removal of contaminants of emerging concern by Wolffia arrhiza and Lemna minor depending on the process conditions, pollutants concentration, and matrix type
Authors: Kotowska Urszula , Piekutin Janina , Polińska Weronika , Kotowski Adam
Published: April 2024

Research was carried out on the removal of a group of six contaminants of emerging concern: bisphenol A (BPA), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), diethylstilbestrol (DES), triclosan (TRC), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) from the water matrix during contact with small floating macrophytes Wolffia arrhiza and Lemna minor. The optimal conditions for the process, such as pH, light exposure per day, and plant mass, were determined using the design of experiments chemometric approach based on central composite design. Experiments conducted under the designated optimal conditions showed that after seven days, the removal efficiency equals 88–98% in the case of W. arrhiza and 87–97% in the case of L. minor, while after 14 days of the experiment, these values are 93–99.6% and 89–98%, respectively. The primary mechanism responsible for removing CECs is the plant uptake, with the mean uptake rate constant equal to 0.299 day-1 and 0.277 day-1 for W. arrhiza and L. minor, respectively. Experiments conducted using municipal wastewater as a sample matrix showed that the treatment efficiency remains high. Landfill leachate significantly reduces plants' ability to remove pollutants.