bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A differential game model for marine ranching development decisions between government and marine ranching enterprises considering myopic behavior
Authors: Leng Jie , Qi Xin
Published: April 2024

Government and marine ranching enterprises play decisive roles in promoting the sustainable development of marine ranching. The decisions made by these entities, whether short-sighted or far-sighted, can significantly impact the industry. This study proposes a differential game model to systematically examine the dynamic decision-making processes of both entities in promoting the development of marine ranching, considering their distinct behavioral strategies. This study helped in determining the optimal strategy for subsidy, the government’s promotional decisions, and the best development strategy for the enterprise. This study also uses Yantai marine ranching in Shandong Province as a case study. The findings suggest that government subsidy measures serve as an effective intervention to incentivize enterprises and boost market demand, regardless of short-sighted decisions by enterprises. However, short-sighted behavior by both the government and enterprises could negatively affect the goodwill and market demand for marine ranching products, thereby impeding the sustainable development of marine ranching. Moreover, the government’s decisions on a subsidy strategy for enterprises are based on external conditions. The study findings can offer valuable guidance for developing marine ranching.
Relationship Between Health Anxiety and Psychological Resilience Among Nursing Students and Predictors of Psychological Resilience in the Last Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sagkal Midilli Tulay , Kalkim Asli , Uslu Burcu
Published: April 2024

Objective:

The study aimed to determine health anxiety and psychological resilience and to investigate the relationship between health anxiety and psychological resilience among nursing students in the last period of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 507 students in Turkey. The questionnaires used in the study were a student nurse information form, the Health Anxiety Inventory, and the Resilience Scale for Adults.

Results:

The mean age of the students was 20.70 ± 1.77 years. The health anxiety mean score was 36.19 ± 6.55, and the resilience scale mean score was 117.13 ± 16.00. There was a weak negative correlation between the students’ psychological resilience and their health anxiety (r = −0.207,P< 0.001).

Conclusion:

Having an extended family and having good relationships with family and friends were the predictors of psychological resilience. Social support and psychological care services under a biopsychosocial model by the management of university or faculty should be implemented for university students in order to preserve their resilience and well-being, to cope with the pandemic.
Opinions on hard-to-discuss topics change more via cohort replacement
Authors: Restrepo Ochoa Nicolas , Vaisey Stephen
Published: April 2024

Cohort replacement – the replacement in a population of older cohorts by their successors who developed under different conditions – is an important process behind cultural change. Research on public opinion indicates that a large proportion of aggregate change is the result of cohort replacement rather than of individuals changing their minds. However, some publicly salient issues, like gay rights, appear to be exceptions. Why different issues show different patterns of change is not well understood. In this paper, we investigate whether opinions on sensitive – that is, hard to discuss – issues might change differently than opinions on less sensitive issues. We use data from the 1981–2020 World Values Surveys and newly collected data on the sensitivity of survey items to compare aggregate changes in public opinion on 56 survey items in eight countries. Our key finding is that survey items on more sensitive issues seem to change more through cohort replacement.
Generic Stability Independence and Treeless Theories
Authors: Kaplan Itay , Ramsey Nicholas , Simon Pierre
Published: April 2024

We initiate a systematic study of generic stability independence and introduce the class of treeless theories in which this notion of independence is particularly well behaved. We show that the class of treeless theories contains both binary theories and stable theories and give several applications of the theory of independence for treeless theories. As a corollary, we show that every binary NSOP

$_{3}$

theory is simple.
From a vortex gas to a vortex crystal in instability-driven two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: van Kan Adrian , Favier Benjamin , Julien Keith , Knobloch Edgar
Published: April 2024

We study structure formation in two-dimensional turbulence driven by an external force, interpolating between linear instability forcing and random stirring, subject to nonlinear damping. Using extensive direct numerical simulations, we uncover a rich parameter space featuring four distinct branches of stationary solutions: large-scale vortices, hybrid states with embedded shielded vortices (SVs) of either sign, and two states composed of many similar SVs. Of the latter, the first is a dense vortex gas where all SVs have the same sign and diffuse across the domain. The second is a hexagonal vortex crystal forming from this gas when the linear instability is sufficiently weak. These solutions coexist stably over a wide parameter range. The late-time evolution of the system from small-amplitude initial conditions is nearly self-similar, involving three phases: initial inverse cascade, random nucleation of SVs from turbulence and, once a critical number of vortices is reached, a phase of explosive nucleation of SVs, leading to a statistically stationary state. The vortex gas is continued in the forcing parameter, revealing a sharp transition towards the crystal state as the forcing strength decreases. This transition is analysed in terms of the diffusivity of individual vortices using ideas from statistical physics. The crystal can also decay via an inverse cascade resulting from the breakdown of shielding or insufficient nonlinear damping acting on SVs. Our study highlights the importance of the forcing details in two-dimensional turbulence and reveals the presence of non-trivial SV states in this system, specifically the emergence and melting of a vortex crystal.
Elastohydrodynamic interactions in soft hydraulic knots
Authors: Paludan Magnus V. , Dollet Benjamin , Marmottant Philippe , Jensen Kaare H.
Published: April 2024

Soft intertwined channel systems are frequently found in fluid flow networks in nature. The passage geometry of these systems can deform due to fluid flow, which can cause the relationship between flow rate and pressure drop to deviate from the Hagen–Poiseuille linear law. Although fluid–structure interactions in single deformable channels have been extensively studied, such as in Starling's resistor and its variations, the flow transport capacity of an intertwined channel with multiple self-intersections (a ‘hydraulic knot’), is still an open question. We present experiments and theory on soft hydraulic knots formed by interlinked microfluidic devices comprising two intersecting channels separated by a thin elastomeric membrane. Our experiments show flow–pressure relationships similar to flow limitation, where the limiting flow rate depends on the knot configuration. To explain our observations, we develop a mathematical model based on lubrication theory coupled with tension-dominated membrane deflections that compares favourably with our experimental data. Finally, we present two potential hydraulic knot applications for microfluidic flow rectification and attenuation.
‘The god of criminals is their belly’: diet, prisoner health, and prison medical officers in mid-nineteenth-century English and Irish prisons
Authors: Cox Catherine , Marland Hilary
Published: April 2024

Existing scholarship on prison diets has emphasised the role of food and its restriction as a key aspect of the deterrent system of prison discipline introduced in the 1860s. Here we suggest that a strong emphasis was placed on dietary regulation after the establishment of the reformist, but also ‘testing’, separate system of confinement in the mid-nineteenth century. While the impact of diet on the physical health of prisoners was a major concern, we argue that the psychological impact of food was also stressed, and some prison administrators and doctors argued that diet had an important protective function in preserving inmates’ mental wellbeing. Drawing on a wide range of prison archives and official reports, this article explores the crucial role of prison medical officers in England and Ireland in implementing prison dietaries. It highlights the importance and high level of individual adaptations to dietary scales laid down centrally, as a means of utilising diet as a tool of discipline or as an intervention to improve prisoners’ health. It examines the forays of some prison doctors into dietary experiments, as they investigated the impact of different dietaries or made more quotidian adjustments to food intake, based on local conditions and food supplies. The article concludes that, despite central policies geared to establishing uniformity and interest in new scientific discourses on nutrition, a wide range of practices were pursued in individual prisons, mostly shaped by practical rather than scientific factors, with many prison medical officers asserting their autonomy in making dietary adjustments.
The Lancashire and Cheshire Presbyterian Campaigns of 1646 and the Politics of Accommodation
Authors: MAWDESLEY JAMES
Published: April 2024

This article explores the politics which lay behind the Presbyterian petitioning campaigns in Lancashire and Cheshire during 1646. Focusing particularly upon clerical activists, this article traces the linkages back to the petitioning campaigns of 1641-2 and highlights the continuities in both personnel and an impulse for accommodation. The article unravels the networks which stretched between London and north-western England, and investigates how Presbyterian politics in London in 1646 might have influenced the Lancashire and Cheshire campaigns for a Presbyterian settlement of the Church. Finally, the article comments upon why the Lancashire campaign succeeded when the Cheshire campaign did not.
Syntactic variation in Hong Kong English
Authors: Köylü Yılmaz
Published: April 2024

Kirkpatrick and Lixun (2021) maintain that two significant morphosyntactic processes have been at play in early Englishes. These are simplification and regularization. Simplification refers to the relatively simplified inflectional morphology in English today. Kirkpatrick and Lixun (2021) provide an example for the word stan (i.e., stone in Old English) that showed great differences in the singular and plural form in nominative, accusative, genitive and dative case in Old English. Another process is regularization, through which some of the strong verb forms for past tense in English have changed to take the weak or the regular form. To illustrate, the past tense of work was wrought but over time, it has changed to worked.
Do dimensions of childhood adversity differ in their direct associations with youth psychopathology? A meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Amy Hyoeun , Kitagawa Yukihiro , Mirhashem Rebecca , Rodriguez Micaela , Hilerio Romola , Bernard Kristin
Published: April 2024

Growing evidence supports the unique pathways by which threat and deprivation, two core dimensions of adversity, confer risk for youth psychopathology. However, the extent to which these dimensions differ in their direct associations with youth psychopathology remains unclear. The primary aim of this preregistered meta-analysis was to synthesize the associations between threat, deprivation, internalizing, externalizing, and trauma-specific psychopathology. Because threat is proposed to be directly linked with socioemotional development, we hypothesized that the magnitude of associations between threat and psychopathology would be larger than those with deprivation. We conducted a search for peer-reviewed articles in English using PubMed and PsycINFO databases through August 2022. Studies that assessed both threat and deprivation and used previously validated measures of youth psychopathology were included. One hundred and twenty-seven articles were included in the synthesis (N = 163,767). Results of our three-level meta-analyses indicated that adversity dimension significantly moderated the associations between adversity and psychopathology, such that the magnitude of effects for threat (r’s = .21–26) were consistently larger than those for deprivation (r’s = .16–.19). These differences were more pronounced when accounting for the threat-deprivation correlation. Additional significant moderators included emotional abuse and youth self-report of adversity. Findings are consistent with the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, with clinical, research, and policy implications.
Family-level moderators of daily associations between discrimination and distress among Mexican-origin youth
Authors: Valentino Kristin , Park Irene J. K. , Cruz-Gonzalez Mario , Zhen-Duan Jenny , Wang Lijuan , Yip Tiffany , Lorenzo Kyle , Dias David , Alvarez Kiara , Alegría Margarita
Published: April 2024

The current study evaluated cultural values and family processes that may moderate associations between daily racial-ethnic discrimination and distress among Mexican-origin youth. Integrating micro-time (daily diary) and macro-time (longitudinal survey) research design features, we examined familism, family cohesion, and ethnic-racial socialization from youth-, mother-, and father- reports as potential buffers of daily associations between youth racial-ethnic discrimination and youth distress (negative affect and anger). The analytic sample, drawn from the Seguimos Avanzando study, included 317 Mexican-origin adolescents (Mage = 13.5 years) and their parents, recruited from the Midwestern United States. Results indicated that youth-reported familism and family cohesion significantly buffered daily associations between youth racial-ethnic discrimination and youth distress. In contrast, parent-reported familism and family cohesion and some aspects of ethnic-racial socialization exacerbated the discrimination to distress link. The implications of these results are discussed to inform efforts supporting the healthy development of Mexican-origin youth and their families.
Smart Cities and International Trade Law
Authors: Naiki Yoshiko
Published: April 2024

A ‘smart city’ is a buzz term and concept. The ‘smart city’ has mainly been discussed in the scholarly literature on urban planning, architecture, and geography. While the ‘smart city’ has been under-analyzed in international trade law, the term ‘smart city’ is commonly used in Asian trade policies. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) established the ‘ASEAN Smart Cities Network’ and the ‘smart city’ is now an important market opportunity for exporting smart technologies and services to ASEAN. Against this backdrop, this article addresses how smart cities can be regulated and governed by international trade law. The trade law perspective facilitates a broader understanding of smart city governance, which includes under-explored ‘global’ regulatory dimensions concerning the interaction between local governments and foreign firms. This article selects three relevant trade areas for discussions: (1) Internet of Things in the context of trade in goods and services; (2) international standard-setting activities; and (3) data governance. It further considers what kinds of regulatory issues international smart city projects can add to the current digital trade discourse. Drawing on the smart city literature, the article points out additional problems concerning security and privacy that have not yet been acknowledged in digital trade.
Translation and validation of the Chinese version of Palliative Care Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Guo Junchen , Chen Yongyi , Shen Boyong , Peng Wei , Wang Lianjun , Dai Yunyun
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Accurately assessing the self-efficacy levels of palliative care professionals’ is crucial, as low levels of self-efficacy may contribute to the suboptimal provision of palliative care. However, there is currently lacking a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating the self-efficacy of palliative care practitioners in China. Therefore, this study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Palliative Care Self-Efficacy Scale (PCSS) among Chinese palliative care professionals.

Methods

This study involved the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PCSS, and the evaluation of its psychometric properties through testing for homogeneity, content validity, construct validity, known-groups validity, and reliability.

Results

A total of 493 palliative care professionals participated in this study. The results showed the critical ratio value of each item was >3 (p < 0.01), and the corrected item-total correlation coefficients of all items ranged from 0.733 to 0.818, indicating a good homogeneity of the items with the scale. Additionally, the scale was shown to have good validity, with item-level content validity index ranged from 0.857 to 1.000, and scale-level content validity index/Ave was 0.956. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the 2-factor structure of the Chinese version of PCSS (C-PCSS), explaining 74.19% of the variance. CFA verified that the 2-factor model had a satisfactory model fit, with χ2/df = 2.724, RMSEA = 0.084, GFI = 0.916, CFI = 0.967, and TLI = 0.952. The known-groups validity of C-PCSS was demonstrated good with its sensitive in differentiating levels of self-efficacy between professionals with less than 1 year of palliative care experience (p < 0.001) or without palliative care training (p = 0.014) and their counterparts. Furthermore, the C-PCSS also exhibited an excellent internal consistency, with the Cronbach’s α for the total scale of 0.943.

Significance of results

The findings from this study affirmed good validity and reliability of the C-PCSS. It can be emerged as a valuable and reliable instrument for assessing the self-efficacy levels of palliative care professionals in China.
Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Resilienz, Selbstwirksamkeit und Sozialbeziehung in Familie und Schule
Authors: Obermeier Ramona , Lutz Veronika , Fuchs Katharina , Nowak Mareike , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Einigen Schülerinnen und Schülern gelingt es besser als anderen, schulische Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Dies wird unter anderem auf ihre Resilienz zurückgeführt. Resilienz beschreibt die prozesshafte Fähigkeit, sich an widrige Situationen anpassen zu können, die durch Interaktionen zwischen verschiedenen Systemen angeregt wird. Zentral für diese Anpassungsleistung einzelner Systeme sind individuelle und kontextuelle Faktoren, die sowohl förderlich als auch schützend wirken können und zu denen unter anderem Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und Sozialbeziehungen zählen. Die Kontextbedingungen in der Schule zeichnen sich durch eine Mehrebenenstruktur aus, die bei der Analyse der Resilienzentwicklung allerdings bislang nicht berücksichtigt wurde. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt an einer Stichprobe von 655 Schülerinnen und Schülern in 5.–9. Klassen, dass die schulischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, die Qualität der Beziehung zwischen Lehrkräften und Schülerinnen und Schülern und das Familienklima auf Individualebene sowie die Hilfsbereitschaft der Schülerinnen und Schüler auf Klassenebene einen Zusammenhang mit deren Resilienz aufweisen. Damit liefert die Studie Evidenz für die Bedeutsamkeit individueller und sozialer Ressourcen der Resilienzentwicklung, belegt aber auch einen Zusammenhang von Variablen auf aggregierter Klassenebene. Förderansätze der Resilienzentwicklung müssen demnach sowohl auf Individual- als auch auf Klassenebene ansetzen.
Präklinische Traumatologie
Authors: Alson Roy L. , Han Kyee H. , Campbell John E.
Published: April 2024

Hochqualitative und zeitoptimierte Patientenversorgung von der Einsatzstelle
bis zur weiterführenden Versorgung!
„Präklinische Traumatologie“ ist das offizielle Lehr- und Kursbuch für International Trauma Life Support (ITLS)-Kurse zur präklinischen Versorgung von Verletzten
im Rettungsdienst. Das ITLS-Konzept ist international anerkannt und fester Bestandteil der Rettungsdienstlandschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum.
ITLS-Kurse stellen ein auf das jeweilige Verletzungsmuster des Patienten abgestimmtes einheitliches Versorgungskonzept dar. Ärztliches und nicht-ärztliches Rettungs-dienstpersonal trainiert gemeinsam alle relevanten Maßnahmen; der Teamgedanke
und das Team Ressource Management stehen im Fokus.
Eine effektive und effiziente Zusammenarbeit von Notfallsanitäter*innen, Not-ärzt*innen, Rettungsassistent*innen und allen anderen Mitwirkenden im
Rettungsdienst sichert eine hochqualitative und zeitoptimierte Patientenversorgung
von der Einsatzstelle bis zur weiterführenden Versorgung im Traumazentrum.
Von der Beurteilung der Einsatzstelle über die Ersteinschätzung und das Abwenden vitaler Bedrohungen werden in diesem Kursbuch alle nötigen Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten vermittelt, damit tatsächlich oder potenziell lebensbedrohlich Verletzte schnell und effektiv versorgt werden können.
Neu in der neunten Auflage: Alle Kapitel wurden entlang der aktuellen Leitlinien und Empfehlungen nationaler und internationaler Fachgesellschaften komplett überarbeitet und aktualisiert.
International Trauma Life Support (ITLS) ist eine 1982 ins Leben gerufene Non-Profit-Organisation, die zum Ziel hat, die Sterblichkeitsrate nach Verletzungen zu senken. Weltweit sind bislang fast 1 Million Anwender*innen in ITLS-Kursen ausgebildet worden. Seit 2006 werden durch ITLS Germany e. V. international anerkannte und zertifizierte Kurse gemäß dem ITLS-Konzept durchgeführt. In mittlerweile knapp
1000 Kursen wurden dabei mehr als 16 000 Provider geschult. ITLS ist somit das erste und älteste international standardisierte Kurssystem zur präklinischen Polytraumaversorgung in Deutschland.
Konstruktion und explorative Analysen zur Güte des Inventars zur Erfassung von Achtsamkeit bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Strack Paula , Lüdeke Sören , Przibilla Bodo , Linderkamp Friedrich
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Bisherige Befunde der Wirksamkeitsforschung zeigen, dass Achtsamkeitsinterventionen geeignete Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen für die mentale Gesundheit von Jugendlichen darstellen können. Im deutschen Sprachraum fehlt bislang jedoch ein diagnostisches Instrument zur Erfassung von Achtsamkeit im Jugendalter. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, ein deutschsprachiges Messinstrument zur multidimensionalen Erfassung von Achtsamkeit bei Jugendlichen zu konzipieren, welches entwicklungsbedingte Charakteristiken der Zielgruppe berücksichtigt. Eine Hauptachsenanalyse (principal axis factoring) mit anschließender Second-Order-Faktorenanalyse ( N = 400; 12 – 20-Jährige) ergab ein Achtsamkeitsinventar mit fünffaktorieller Struktur sowie einem Faktor höherer Ordnung. Abgebildet werden die Facetten Gegenwärtiges Bewusstsein, Bewusstes Handeln, Akzeptanz, Kognitive Nicht-Reaktivität sowie Emotionale Nicht-Reaktivität. Die Faktorenstruktur wurde an einer zweiten Stichprobe ( N = 317 Jugendliche, 162 Mädchen) konfirmatorisch überprüft. Die Untersuchungen zeigen erwartungskonforme Zusammenhänge zwischen Achtsamkeit sowie Problemverhalten ( r zwischen -.20 und -.49), prosozialem Verhalten ( r = .10) und Schulerfolg ( r = .18). Interne Konsistenzen der Skalen liegen im akzeptablen Bereich (α = .58-.75).
The Influence of Feeling-of-Knowing on Metacognitive Processes in the	Digital Media Environment
Authors: Lew Zijian , Flanagin Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Research demonstrates that people outsource memory work to digital devices and to the web, which consequently engenders elevated self-assessments, such as enhanced cognitive self-esteem (CSE). Yet, the reasons for this phenomenon are not well-known. In this domain, two studies explored the role of feeling-of-knowing (FoK) – one’s judgment about whether currently nonrecallable information is actually known – on enhanced CSE. Findings show that people believe that their ability to find needed information is better after performing a web search for answers, as a function of elevated FoK that occurs in the process, and that experiencing greater FoK is related to greater perceived memory ability, better anticipated future performance, and easier perceived question difficulty. Evidence of this metacognitive effect is particularly intriguing since it is also highly paradoxical: under precisely the circumstances when people should recognize their cognitive shortcomings, they assess them to be especially strong.
Estimating Residential Water Demand Under Systematic Shifts Between Uniform Price (UP) and Increasing Block Tariffs (IBT)
Authors: Chovar Vera A. M. , Vásquez‐Lavín F. A. , Ponce Oliva R.
Published: April 2024

We evaluate whether changing from a uniform price (UP) to an increasing block tariff (IBT) changes people's behavior. We exploit a unique setting in which the price scheme moves back and forth yearly from UP to IBT. We discuss the effectiveness of IBT in reducing summer consumption. This issue is relevant to many countries and policymakers interested in designing tariff structures. There is no evidence of how the same consumer may react to systematically switching from one tariff structure to another yearly. We estimate the residential water demand and its price elasticity using a generalized least squared random effect model for the UP and the discrete/continuous choice model for the IBT. In addition, we split the sample between low and high‐consumption groups. For the low consumption group unaffected by the tariff change, the elasticity in the nonsummer months is higher (more elastic) than in the summer. Consumers in this group reduce their elasticity from nonsummer to summer months (−0.299 vs. −0.071, respectively) and increase their consumption by 13%. The high consumption group increased its summer consumption, but only by 8.7%, and contrary to the first group, its elasticity increased significantly (from −0.299 to −0.568). The high‐consumption group is indeed affected by the change in tariff. From a policy perspective, this implies that the IBT structure is relevant. However, if the policy seeks to promote conservation, it needs to be adjusted to a lower decile of the water consumption distribution to affect a more significant portion of the population.
Impact of Seawater Inorganic Carbon Chemistry on Element Incorporation in Foraminiferal Shell Carbonate
Authors: Karancz S. , de Nooijer L. J. , Brummer G. J. A. , Lattaud J. , Haghipour N. , Rosenthal Y. , Reichart G. J.
Published: April 2024

Reconstruction of the marine inorganic carbon system relies on proxy signal carriers, such as element/calcium (El/Ca) ratios in foraminiferal shells. Concentrations of boron, lithium, strontium, and sulfur have been shown to vary with carbonate system parameters, but when comparing individual proxy reconstructions based on these elements, they are rarely in complete agreement. This is likely caused by the simultaneous effects of multiple environmental factors on element incorporation. Culture experiments with benthic foraminifera have revealed that the shell's S/Ca reflects the carbon chemistry and can potentially be used as a proxy for seawater []. Aiming to investigate the application potential of sulfur incorporation for carbonate speciation reconstruction, we present S/Ca ratios in five planktonic foraminiferal species, namely Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides ruber albus, Globigerinoides ruber ruber, Trilobatus sacculifer, and Neogloboquadrina incompta from core‐top sediments in regions with contrasting [], [], temperature, and salinity. Analyses of B/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios are included here since these elements have been shown to depend to a certain degree on carbon system parameters (e.g., calcite saturation state and pH, respectively) as well. Moreover, foraminiferal Mg/Ca values covary with S/Ca values and thereby might compromise its proxy application. In contrast to previously published results, this new data set shows a positive correlation between the incorporation of sulfur in the foraminifer's shell and seawater []. As the incorporation of sulfur and magnesium are positively correlated, S/Mg values of the same foraminifera may be used to improve inorganic carbon system reconstructions.
Three‐Dimensional Water Exchanges in the Shelf Circulation System of the Northern South China Sea Under Climatic Modulation From ENSO
Authors: Cui Lingbo , Liu Zhiqiang , Chen Ying , Cai Zhongya
Published: April 2024

Using the numerical calculations of exposure time (), this study investigated the three‐dimensional characteristics of water exchanges associated with the coastal‐shelf circulations of the Northern South China Sea (NSCS). The circulation connectivity and its interannual variability under the modulation of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were investigated. The gradually increased from approximately 50 days over the outer shelf to more than 150 days in the shallower coastal seas with the Beibu Gulf displaying a significantly longer (approximately 300 days). The Beibu Gulf played an influential role in the water exchange that had a contribution of over 30% to in the most regions. The results from sensitivity experiments indicate that the wind forcing is the primary controller of and the boundary flux plays a secondary role. Specifically, the wind enhances water exchange in western NSCS, particularly in the Beibu Gulf and Yuexi region. Conversely, boundary fluxes facilitate exchanges in the eastern shelf, such as Yuedong region. Analysis revealed a clear modulation from ENSO on water exchange, wherein El Niño and La Niña years displayed symmetrical morphologies in distribution anomalies, albeit with varying intensities. During El Niño years, the weakened southwestward shelf current increased and the shelf water was less likely to reach the Beibu Gulf, and once arrived, these waters were trapped inside to elongate . In contrast, during La Niña years, the strengthened southwestward shelf current shortened and more shelf waters were transported away from the NSCS by an intensified southwestward shelf current.
Quantifying Supraglacial Debris‐Related Melt‐Altering Effects on the Djankuat Glacier, Caucasus, Russian Federation
Authors: Verhaegen Yoni , Rybak Oleg , Popovnin Victor V. , Huybrechts Philippe
Published: April 2024

We use a spatially distributed and physically based energy and mass balance model to derive the Østrem curve, which expresses the supraglacial debris‐related relative melt alteration versus the debris thickness, for the Djankuat Glacier, Caucasus, Russian Federation. The model is driven by meteorological data from two on‐glacier weather stations and ERA‐5 Land reanalysis data. A direct pixel‐by‐pixel comparison of the melt rates obtained from both a clean ice and debris‐covered ice mass balance model results in the quantification of debris‐related relative melt‐modification ratios, capturing the degree of melt enhancement or suppression as a function of the debris thickness. The main results show that the distinct surface features and different surface temperature/moisture and near‐surface wind regimes that persist over debris‐covered ice significantly alter the pattern of the energy and mass fluxes when compared to clean ice. Consequently, a maximum relative melt enhancement of 1.36 is modeled on the glacier for thin/patchy debris with a thickness of 0.03 m. However, insulating effects suppress sub‐debris melt under debris layers thicker than a critical debris thickness of 0.09 m. Sensitivity experiments show that especially within‐debris properties, such as the thermal conductivity and the vertical debris porosity gradient, highly impact the magnitude of the sub‐debris melt rates. Our results also highlight the scale‐dependency as well as the dynamic nature of the debris thickness‐melt relationship for changing climatic conditions, which may have significant implications for the climate change response of debris‐covered glaciers.
Patient-reported outcomes in Primary Spinal Intradural Tumours: a systematic review
Authors: Ali Ahmad M. S. , Mustafa Mohammad A. , Ali Omar M. E. , Gillespie Conor S. , Richardson George M. , Clark Simon , Wilby Martin J. , Millward Christopher P. , Srikandarajah Nisaharan
Published: April 2024

Study design

Systematic review.

Objectives

Primary Spinal Intradural Tumours (PSITs) are rare pathologies that can significantly impact quality of life. This study aimed to review patient reported outcomes (PROs) in PSITs.

Methods

A systematic search of Pubmed and Embase was performed to identify studies measuring PROs in adults with PSITs. PRO results were categorised as relating to Global, Physical, Social, or Mental health. Outcomes were summarised descriptively.

Results

Following review of 2382 records, 11 studies were eligible for inclusion (737 patients). All studies assessed surgically treated patients. Schwannoma was the commonest pathology (n = 190). 7 studies measured PROs before and after surgery, the remainder assessed only post-operatively. For eight studies, PROs were obtained within 12 months of treatment. 21 PRO measurement tools were used across included studies, of which Euro-Qol-5D (n = 8) and the pain visual/numerical analogue scale (n = 5) were utilised most frequently. Although overall QoL is lower than healthy controls in PSITs, improvements following surgery were found in Extramedullary tumours (EMT) in overall physical, social, and mental health. Similar improvements were not significant across studies of Intramedullary tumours (IMT). Overall QoL and symptom burden was higher in IMT patients than in brain tumour patients. No studies evaluated the effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Conclusion

Patients with PSITs suffer impaired PROs before and after surgery. This is particularly true for IMTs. PRO reporting in PSITs is hindered by a heterogeneity of reporting and varied measurement tools. This calls for the establishment of a standard set of PROs as well as the use of registries.
Methylation in cornea and corneal diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Xia Yutong , Chen Kuangqi , Yang Qianjie , Chen Zhitong , Jin Le , Zhang Liyue , Yu Xin , Wang Liyin , Xie Chen , Zhao Yuan , Shen Ye , Tong Jianping
Published: April 2024

Corneal diseases are among the primary causes of blindness and vision loss worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of corneal diseases remains elusive, and diagnostic and therapeutic tools are limited. Thus, identifying new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases has gained great interest. Methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, modulates various cellular processes at both nucleic acid and protein levels. Growing evidence shows that methylation is a key regulator in the pathogenesis of corneal diseases, including inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization, making it an attractive potential therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the major alterations of methylation and demethylation at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels in corneal diseases and how these dynamics contribute to the pathogenesis of corneal diseases. Also, we provide insights into identifying potential biomarkers of methylation that may improve the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases.
Integrative analysis reveals associations between oral microbiota dysbiosis and host genetic and epigenetic aberrations in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cai Liuyang , Zhu Hengyan , Mou Qianqian , Wong Po Yee , Lan Linlin , Ng Cherrie W. K. , Lei Pu , Cheung Man Kit , Wang Daijuanru , Wong Eddy W. Y. , Lau Eric H. L. , Yeung Zenon W. C. , Lai Ronald , Meehan Katie , Fung Sherwood , Chan Kwan Chee A. , Lui Vivian W. Y. , Cheng Alfred S. L. , Yu Jun , Chan Paul K. S. , Chan Jason Y. K. , Chen Zigui
Published: April 2024

Dysbiosis of the human oral microbiota has been reported to be associated with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) while the host-microbiota interactions with respect to the potential impact of pathogenic bacteria on host genomic and epigenomic abnormalities remain poorly studied. In this study, the mucosal bacterial community, host genome-wide transcriptome and DNA CpG methylation were simultaneously profiled in tumors and their adjacent normal tissues of OSCC patients. Significant enrichment in the relative abundance of seven bacteria species (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema medium, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Gemella morbillorum, Catonella morbi, Peptoanaerobacter yurli and Peptococcus simiae) were observed in OSCC tumor microenvironment. These tumor-enriched bacteria formed 254 positive correlations with 206 up-regulated host genes, mainly involving signaling pathways related to cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Integrative analysis of bacteria-transcriptome and bacteria-methylation correlations identified at least 20 dysregulated host genes with inverted CpG methylation in their promoter regions associated with enrichment of bacterial pathogens, implying a potential of pathogenic bacteria to regulate gene expression, in part, through epigenetic alterations. An in vitro model further confirmed that Fusobacterium nucleatum might contribute to cellular invasion via crosstalk with E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling, TNFα/NF-κB pathway and extracellular matrix remodeling by up-regulating SNAI2 gene, a key transcription factor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our work using multi-omics approaches explored complex host-microbiota interactions and provided important insights into genetic and functional basis in OSCC tumorigenesis, which may serve as a precursor for hypothesis-driven study to better understand the causational relationship of pathogenic bacteria in this deadly cancer.
Social isolation and the risk of Parkinson disease in the UK biobank study
Authors: Geng Tingting , Li Yaqi , Peng Yinshun , Chen Xiao , Xu Xinming , Wang Jian , Sun Liang , Gao Xiang
Published: April 2024

Parkinson disease (PD) has become one of the most rapidly growing causes of disability among the older population and social isolation is a major concern in the PD community. However, the relationship between social isolation and future risk of PD remains unclear. This study included 192,340 participants aged 60 or older who were free of dementia and PD at baseline from the UK Biobank study. Social isolation was measured using a composite score derived from three questions on number in household, frequency of friend/family visits, and leisure/social activities. Incident PD cases were identified through electronic health records. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to compute the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Among the 192,340 participants (mean [standard deviation] age, 64.2 [2.9] years; 103,253 [53.7%] women), 89,075 (46.3%) participants were in the least isolated group and 26,161 (13.6%) were in the most isolated group. Over a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 2048 incident PD cases were documented. Compared to the least isolated group, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for PD were 1.00 (0.91−1.10) for the moderately isolated group and 1.19 (1.05−1.36) for the most isolated group (P-trend = 0.04). The observed association was independent of the genetic susceptibility to PD and consistent in subgroup analyses. Social isolation was associated with a higher risk of PD regardless of genetic risk. Our findings highlighted the importance of developing screening and intervention strategies for social isolation among older adults to reduce the risk of PD.
Underestimated burden of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in global surface waters and groundwaters
Authors: Ackerman Grunfeld Diana , Gilbert Daniel , Hou Jennifer , Jones Adele M. , Lee Matthew J. , Kibbey Tohren C. G. , O’Carroll Denis M.
Published: April 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of fluorinated chemicals used widely in consumer and industrial products. Their human toxicity and ecosystem impacts have received extensive public, scientific and regulatory attention. Regulatory PFAS guidance is rapidly evolving, with the inclusion of a wider range of PFAS included in advisories and a continued decrease in what is deemed safe PFAS concentrations. In this study we collated PFAS concentration data for over 45,000 surface and groundwater samples from around the world to assess the global extent of PFAS contamination and their potential future environmental burden. Here we show that a substantial fraction of sampled waters exceeds PFAS drinking water guidance values, with the extent of exceedance depending on the jurisdiction and PFAS source. Additionally, current monitoring practices probably underestimate PFAS in the environment given the limited suite of PFAS that are typically quantified but deemed of regulatory concern. An improved understanding of the range of PFAS embodied in consumer and industrial products is required to assess the environmental burden and develop mitigation measures. While PFAS is the focus of this study, it also highlights society’s need to better understand the use, fate and impacts of anthropogenic chemicals.
Neuronal activity rapidly reprograms dendritic translation via eIF4G2:uORF binding
Authors: Hacisuleyman Ezgi , Hale Caryn R. , Noble Natalie , Luo Ji-dung , Fak John J. , Saito Misa , Chen Jin , Weissman Jonathan S. , Darnell Robert B.
Published: April 2024

Learning and memory require activity-induced changes in dendritic translation, but which mRNAs are involved and how they are regulated are unclear. In this study, to monitor how depolarization impacts local dendritic biology, we employed a dendritically targeted proximity labeling approach followed by crosslinking immunoprecipitation, ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry. Depolarization of primary cortical neurons with KCl or the glutamate agonist DHPG caused rapid reprogramming of dendritic protein expression, where changes in dendritic mRNAs and proteins are weakly correlated. For a subset of pre-localized messages, depolarization increased the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and their downstream coding sequences, enabling localized production of proteins involved in long-term potentiation, cell signaling and energy metabolism. This activity-dependent translation was accompanied by the phosphorylation and recruitment of the non-canonical translation initiation factor eIF4G2, and the translated uORFs were sufficient to confer depolarization-induced, eIF4G2-dependent translational control. These studies uncovered an unanticipated mechanism by which activity-dependent uORF translational control by eIF4G2 couples activity to local dendritic remodeling.
The Caribbean and Mesoamerica Biogeochemical Isotope Overview (CAMBIO)
Authors: Ebert Claire E. , Hixon Sean W. , Buckley Gina M. , George Richard J. , Pacheco-Fores Sofía I. , Palomo Juan Manuel , Sharpe Ashley E. , Solís-Torres Óscar R. , Davis J. Britt , Fernandes Ricardo , Kennett Douglas J.
Published: April 2024

The Caribbean & Mesoamerica Biogeochemical Isotope Overview (CAMBIO) is an archaeological data community designed to integrate published biogeochemical data from the Caribbean, Mesoamerica, and southern Central America to address questions about dynamic interactions among humans, animals, and the environment in the region over the past 10,000 years. Here we present the CAMBIO human dataset, which consists of more than 16,000 isotopic measurements from human skeletal tissue samples (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, 206/204Pb, 207/204Pb, 208/204Pb, 207/206Pb) from 290 archaeological sites dating between 7000 BC to modern times. The open-access dataset also includes detailed chronological, contextual, and laboratory/sample preparation information for each measurement. The collated data are deposited on the open-access CAMBIO data community via the Pandora Initiative data platform (https://pandoradata.earth/organization/cambio).
The first absolute gravity and height reference network in Sicily
Authors: Greco Filippo , Berrino Giovanna , Riguzzi Federica , Mazzoni Augusto , Amendola Matteo , Carbone Daniele , Contrafatto Danilo , Dardanelli Gino , Brutto Mauro Lo , Maltese Antonino , Messina Alfio , Mirabella Luca , Ricciardi Giuseppe , Samperi Luca
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work is to provide the methodological and instrumental framework for the establishment of a new absolute gravity and height reference network in Sicily. The aim of the network is to contribute to the new reference systems in the Italian area, useful for the scientific and technological activities related to the gravity field and to the proper definition of a modern height system in this region. The network is composed of 5 stations, evenly distributed to form a large mesh, which roughly covers the entire Sicily. Since four of the five selected stations were measured also in the 1990s, it was also possible to evaluate whether long-term gravity changes occurred at these sites (basic requirement for a reference network) and check the long-term ground deformation patterns, using data from the closest GPS/GNSS stations. The observed gravity changes over a time interval of about 30 years at the absolute stations and in the surrounding areas, confirm the long-term stability of the selected areas/sites.
A large normative connectome for exploring the tractographic correlates of focal brain interventions
Authors: Elias Gavin J. B. , Germann Jürgen , Joel Suresh E. , Li Ningfei , Horn Andreas , Boutet Alexandre , Lozano Andres M.
Published: April 2024

Diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) is a widely used neuroimaging modality that permits the in vivo exploration of white matter connections in the human brain. Normative structural connectomics – the application of large-scale, group-derived dMRI datasets to out-of-sample cohorts – have increasingly been leveraged to study the network correlates of focal brain interventions, insults, and other regions-of-interest (ROIs). Here, we provide a normative, whole-brain connectome in MNI space that enables researchers to interrogate fiber streamlines that are likely perturbed by given ROIs, even in the absence of subject-specific dMRI data. Assembled from multi-shell dMRI data of 985 healthy Human Connectome Project subjects using generalized Q-sampling imaging and multispectral normalization techniques, this connectome comprises ~12 million unique streamlines, the largest to date. It has already been utilized in at least 18 peer-reviewed publications, most frequently in the context of neuromodulatory interventions like deep brain stimulation and focused ultrasound. Now publicly available, this connectome will constitute a useful tool for understanding the wider impact of focal brain perturbations on white matter architecture going forward.