bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence base regarding target levels of arterial pressure in patients after a stroke: focus on a geriatric population
Authors: Ostroumova Olga D. , Cherniaeva Marina S.
Published: April 2020

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a very significant and most common risk factor for stroke, and lowering blood pressure (BP) is the most effective action to prevent stroke in patients with AH. This article provides an overview of existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyzes to study the optimal target BP levels in patients with AH and cerebral events with a history of focusing on the geriatric population. As a result of the analysis of literature data, we obtained contradictory results: RCTs showed the benefits of lower target BP, in only two of them the target level of systolic BP (SBP) was less than 130 mm Hg, and the average age of patients included in the RCTs varied from 60 to 68 years, the number of patients older than 75 years was insignificant, and some studies excluded patients older than 85 years. Several subanalyses analyzed by RCTs found a J-shaped relationship between BP levels achieved and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. One of them showed that with a decrease in BP below the SBP 120 mm Hg and DBP 65 mm Hg higher BP was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. Another one showed that the risk of re-stroke and the risk of subsequent adverse events was statistically significantly higher in patients with an average level of SBP below 120 mm Hg than in patients with a level of SBP of 130139 mm Hg. The meta-analysis published in the Cochrane database did not show significant advantages of lowering BP130/85 mm Hg versus standard lowering BP140160/90100 mm Hg, while another meta-analysis revealed some advantages of a more intense decrease in BP for the prevention of re-stroke. Existing studies did not take into account the heterogeneity of the geriatric population and did not include patients with fraility and multimorbidity patients, and did not take into account the type of stroke to develop a differentiated approach to the tactics of lowering BP in patients of all age groups. Therefore, in relation to the recommended ESC/ESH experts in 2018, target BP levels of 120129/7079 mm Hg (aged 1865 years) and 130139/7079 mmHg (aged 65 years) for patients with AH and a history of cerebral events, there are still some doubts about the benefits of lower target BP values for the prevention of re-stroke and other cardiovascular events for the entire population of geriatric patients, especially patients older than 75, so specially designed randomized controlled trials are needed.
Radiofrequency renal denervation with mono-electrode and multi-electrode device for treatment in patient with uncontrolled hypertension: results of a 6-month follow-up
Authors: Agaeva Regina A. , Danilov Nikolai M. , Shchcelkova Galina V. , Matchin Yuri G. , Chazova Irina E.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency renal denervation with mono-electrode and multi-electrode devices in patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension during а 6-month follow-up period.
Materials and methods. The study included 52 patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension, while receiving multicomponent antihypertensive therapy, including diuretic. Patients underwent radiofrequency renal denervation with a mono-electrode (group A; n=27) and multi-electrode devices (group B; n=25). The effectiveness of the procedure was study according to office blood pressure (BP) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
Results. In group A and B, according to office BP after 6 months, there decreased in SBP/DBP by 32/14 and 30/10 mmHg (р=0.00001/р=0.00001 and p=0.00001/0.0004) respectively. According to ABPM, in group A there was a decrease in the average daily SBP and DBP by 7 and 4 mmHg (р=0.01 and р=0.03) respectively. According to ABPM, after 6 months in group B, there was a decrease in the average daily SBP and DBP by 12 and 6 mmHg (р=0.0003 and р=0.0007) respectively.
Conclusions. The results confirm the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency renal denervation. RDN of the distal branches of the renal arteries leads to a greater hypotensive effect.
应用型本科院校毕业生就业过程中分类指导方式的 运用与探究 --基于四川外国语大学成都学院的实践与探索
Authors: 陈 瑜
Published: April 2020

高校毕业生就业问题是当今社会最为关注的问题之一，如何让高校学生掌握正确的择业观、帮助高校毕业生顺利就业也是现今高校辅导工作的重中之重。本文从对学生进行分类指导入手，深入探讨了对高校大学生进行就业前分类指导的方法以及其这种方法对于大学生就业的重要意义。
小学信息技术课堂中培养学生信息素养和综合能力的策略
Authors: 何 见斌
Published: April 2020

小学生在特定的年龄阶段具有自制力较差、活泼好动等特点，在小学信息技术教学中，培养其信息素养成为了一项重要的任务，同时还需关注学生们综合能力的提升。本文重点分析了小学信息技术课堂中培养学生信息素养及综合能力的具体策略。
基于新时期下高职建筑力学类课程教学改革
Authors: 亢 其莉
Published: April 2020

目前，高职院校需要进一步强化力学类课程的教学工作，提高建筑力学类课程教学水平和教学质量。在当前的时代背景之下，要求教师能够转变传统的思想观念，同时要采取科学合理的教学方式对课程教学进行改革和完善，这样才能够激发学生的学习兴趣以及调动学生的学习积极性，进一步提高学生的综合素质和职业能力。本文主要对新时期下高职建筑力学类课程教学的改革进行研究，以供相关专业人士参考和借鉴。
新时期大学生创新创业能力培养探究
Authors: 徐 萍
Published: April 2020

随着知识全球化发展的逐渐深化，各个国家之间的人才竞争愈发激烈，对人才的要求也不断提高。创新创业能力是现阶段中国对大学生人才的核心要求之一，需要各地区高校积极配合国家人才培养战略的实施，将培养大学生形成良好的创新创业能力作为核心培养目标，通过把握现状、提出方向、拟定教育策略等方式，调整大学生人才培养体系，为大学生的未来发展奠定基础。本文简要阐述了新时期大学生创新创业能力及培养现状，分析了新时期大学生创新创业能力的培养趋势，对新时期大学生创新创业能力的培养策略进行深入探究。
基于团队辅导的高职院校贫困学生心理健康状况研究
Authors: 周 振煜
Published: April 2020

随着教育体制改革的深入发展，高校扩招以来，贫困生数量逐年增加，同时受特殊群体自身特点的影响，除经济压力之外心理困扰也在逐渐增多。《中国贫困高考生调查报告》指出，以北京地区为例，约有 6 成贫困生来自经济方面压力并感到羞愧难当，约有 22.5％贫困生感到自卑 。此种心理状态严重影响了高职院校学生的发展和身心健康，同时已经成为当前的主要关注对象和关注点。因此，对高职院校贫困学生心理健康研究具有重要意义。本文以柳州职业技术学院为例，对此开展深入研究。
Implementasi Taâ€™zir Dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al Masruriyyah
Authors: Tasih Amin , Said Ali
Published: April 2020

Al Masruriyyah Islamic Boarding School is one of the huts of the Tebuireng foundation that is still hungry for discipline in obeying the rules of the cottage. Al Masruriyyah Islamic boarding schools apply taâ€™zir as a form of consequence for santri who violate the rules of the cottage. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of taâ€™zir in increasing the discipline of santri in Al Masruriyyah Islamic boarding schools. This study uses a qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The data obtained will be compiled by reducing/summarizing the data, then presenting the data and drawing conclusions.Â  Based on the research shows that: the implementationÂ  of taâ€™zir carried out by the management and has been approved by the supervisor and caregivers for giving taâ€™zir every 2 weeks. The criteria for the distribution of taâ€™zir are 3 from the low, medium and heavy according to the mistakes that have been made. The procedure for giving taâ€™zir (1) is advised, (2) in taâ€™zir (3) to be called to Ndalem. The impact of the implementation of taâ€™zir is that there is a better change in the implementation of teaching and learning activities, obeying the rules, and discipline in worship activities to Allah SWT.
Modal Meinongianism and Object Theory
Authors: Berto Francesco , Casati Filippo , Fujikawa Naoya , Priest Graham
Published: April 2020

We reply to various arguments by Otavio Bueno and Edward Zalta (‘Object Theory and Modal Meinongianism’) against Modal Meinongianism, including that it presupposes, but cannot maintain, a unique denotation for names of fictional characters, and that it is not generalizable to higher-order objects. We individuate the crucial difference between Modal Meinongianism and Object Theory in the former’s resorting to an apparatus of worlds, possible and impossible, for the representational purposes for which the latter resorts to a distinction between two kinds of predication, exemplification and encoding. We show that encoding has fewer forerunners in the history of philosophy than Bueno and Zalta want, and that there’s a reason why the notion has been found baffling by some.
Grounding rules and (hyper-)isomorphic formulas
Authors: Poggiolesi Francesca
Published: April 2020

An oft-defended claim of a close relationship between Gentzen inference rules and the meaning of the connectives they introduce and eliminate has given rise to a whole domain called proof-theoretic semantics, see Schroeder- Heister (1991); Prawitz (2006). A branch of proof-theoretic semantics, mainly developed by Dosen (2019); Dosen and Petric (2011), isolates in a precise mathematical manner formulas (of a logic L) that have the same meaning. These isomorphic formulas are defined to be those that behave identically in inferences. The aim of this paper is to investigate another type of recently discussed rules in the literature, namely grounding rules, and their link to the meaning of the connectives they provide the grounds for. In particular, by using grounding rules, we will refine the notion of isomorphic formulas through the notion of hyper-isomorphic formulas. We will argue that it is actually the notion of hyper-isomorphic formulas that identify those formulas that have the same meaning.
O diálogo como auxiliar no processo de inclusão em escolas que atendem populações em condição de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Neumann Matheus Marques , De Araújo Marcos Vinicius
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa intervenção foi realizada com professores de uma escola Municipal situada no extremo leste da cidade de São Paulo, que lecionam crianças e adolescentes residentes em território de vulnerabilidade social a fim de investigar as dificuldades relacionadas à sua prática diária e oferecer um espaço de troca de experiência profissional. Foram feitas oito observações em uma sala de ensino fundamental II do sexto ano, e três encontros de grupos focais com os professores do Ensino Fundamental I e II. Neste contexto, os dados revelaram dificuldades relacionada à indisciplina e à continuidade da aula, a ausência de espaços de trocas de experiência profissional, apontando para a necessidade de criação de mais espaços dentro da escola em que estes tenham voz e possam discutir sua prática.
Discutindo o currículo escolar no projeto político-pedagógico: pontos e contrapontos
Authors: Silva Givanildo da , Silva Alex Vieira da , Santos Inalda Maria dos
Published: April 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi comprender a concepção de currículo presente no projeto político-pedagógico (PPP) de uma escola estadual em União dos Palmares, no estado de Alagoas, tendo como ponto de partida a compreensão de que as reformas instauradas têm intenções que geram impactos no trabalho escolar e na construção de propostas pedagógicas. A metodologia esteve pautada na abordagem qualitativa com ênfase nas pesquisas bibliográgica e documental. Como resultado, pode-se perceber que a escola tem em seu PPP a concepção de currículo multicultural, democrático e dinâmico. As sinalizações apontam para práticas que dialogam com perspectivas emancipatórias de educação.
Ensino de evolução biológica e o desenvolvimento de uma visão materialista, histórico e dialética acerca da realidade
Authors: Liporini Thalita Quatrocchio , Pressato Daiany , Coelho Leandro Jorge , Diniz Renato Eugênio da Silva
Published: April 2020

Admitindo que a evolução constitui um dos eixos organizadores da Biologia, este artigo traz reflexões a respeito de seu ensino à luz dos fundamentos da pedagogia histórico-crítica e na possibilidade do desenvolvimento de uma visão materialista histórico dialética acerca da realidade por meio da apropriação dos conhecimentos evolutivos. A fim de que este estudo promova desdobramentos para o ensino da disciplina escolar Biologia, os objetivos desta pesquisa são: analisar se os conteúdos sobre evolução biológica se configuram como conhecimentos clássicos e identificar as possíveis contribuições do ensino de evolução biológica para a construção de uma visão de mundo materialista histórica dialética.
Conhecimentos clássicos, trabalho educativo e ensino de Ciências: articulações possíveis a partir da pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Zaneti Josiane de Cássia , De Almeida Hederson Aparecido , Zaffani Borges Matheus , Da Silva Diniz Renato Eugênio
Published: April 2020

A pedagogia histórico-crítica (PHC) é a teoria da educação embasada no materialismo histórico-dialético. Sob essa perspectiva, a especificidade da educação no contexto escolar consiste na transmissão e apropriação dos conhecimentos historicamente elaborados. Visto isso, este ensaio teórico objetivou discutir sobre possíveis interações entre os princípios ‘conhecimentos clássicos’ e ‘trabalho educativo’ respaldados na PHC, articulando-os ao ensino de Ciências e Biologia. A partir do diálogo com os referenciais teóricos, enfatizamos que a socialização dos conhecimentos clássicos, na forma de conteúdos escolares, por meio do trabalho educativo, é condição precípua para que o ensino de Ciências se concretize sob a perspectiva histórico dialética.
Aproximações a uma concepção histórico-crítica de objetivo do ensino de Ciências Naturais
Authors: Pereira Lucas Monteiro , Lunardi Campos Luciana Maria
Published: April 2020

Este texto apresenta e discute aproximações teóricas a uma concepção de objetivo do ensino de ciências naturais, baseando-se na construção coletiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica. Após uma breve explanação de suas concepções teóricas, o artigo analisa a relação entre o desenvolvimento histórico das ciências naturais e o desenvolvimento do gênero humano e, em seguida, ancorado nessa análise, aborda o processo de homogeneização dos indivíduos com a esfera da ciência, definido como uma relação direta, intencional e ativa entre o indivíduo e esta esfera, que supere o seu ponto de vista particular e generalize a sua essência humana. Apontamos, dessa forma, que o ensino de ciências naturais tenha por objetivo a humanização dos indivíduos por meio da apropriação do conhecimento científico.
Sexualidade e preconceito na formação inicial de professores de Ciências e Biologia: indicativos a partir da pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Cassiano de Souza Dianne , Coelho Leandro Jorge , Lunardi Campos Luciana Maria
Published: April 2020

Compreendendo a sexualidade como uma construção sócio histórica, e a escola como um espaço de reprodução de significados sociais e produção de sentidos pessoais acerca da mesma, este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre as significações atribuídas a sexualidade e preconceito por licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas. São mobilizados dados de duas investigações que identificaram e analisaram essas significações. Defende-se as discussões sobre preconceito e discriminação, e a superação da visão reducionista da sexualidade como conteúdos clássicos necessários à educação escolar atual, sendo importante a formação inicial de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas para o tratamento dessa temática, fortalecendo a presença dos conhecimentos científicos sobre sexualidade na escola.
Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica: princípios para a formação de professores de Ciências e Biologia
Authors: Diniz Renato Eugênio da Silva , Campos Luciana Maria Lunardi
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo assume-se a pedagogia histórico- crítica como referencial teórico necessário à formação de professores comprometidos com a educação escolar humanizadora e com a transformação social. São apresentados  e analisados quatro princípios, identificados como centrais à formação de professores de Ciências e Biologia: crítica e transformação da sociedade de capitalista e articulação dialética entre educação escolar e sociedade; visão histórica de ser humano; papel transformador do conhecimento sistematizado e a escola  e  metodologia dialética de ensino. Esses princípios estão articulados  e levam a defesa por uma formação sólida teoricamente, pautada na reflexão filosófica.
Processo grupal, desenvolvimento humano e sexualidade na perspectiva da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural
Authors: Martin Sueli Terezinha Ferrero , Santana Alessandra dos Santos
Published: April 2020

Este artigo apresenta questões relativa à educação científica e à atividade grupal ou coletiva, na perspectiva da psicologia histórico-cultural. Essa relação se dará a partir do tema sexualidade, importante no processo formativo de professores e alunos. Partimos da compreensão de que a sexualidade, apesar de sua base biológica, resulta das relações sociais, sendo expressão do processo histórico-cultural. Pesquisas vêm apontando as dificuldades que os educadores enfrentam para abordá-la e, por outro lado, mostram que os alunos, principalmente os que estão na adolescência e ensino médio, têm a necessidade de se apropriar do conhecimento científico e debater sobre o tema. Esperamos contribui para que tal apropriação possa proporcionar uma melhoria na prática educativa, enfatizando o papel da cooperação no processo de desenvolvimento e pela mediação do educador.
Pedagogia histórico-crítica e educação em direitos humanos: alternativas para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de promoção e respeito dos direitos humanos
Authors: Cunha Rodrigo Carvalho da , Maldaner Jair José , Cavalcante Rivadavia Porto
Published: April 2020

A Educação em Direitos Humanos se destaca como um excelente instrumento de combate às violações a direitos humanos na sociedade, orientando os processos educativos para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de promoção e respeito aos direitos humanos. Infelizmente o modelo educacional brasileiro não se apresenta como ideal para alcançar esse objetivo. Diante disso, chama-se a atenção para a Pedagogia Histórico-crítica, concepção baseada na prática educativa questionadora, crítica e comprometida com a transformação social, de modo que o presente texto busca discutir os fundamentos e objetivos desse modelo pedagógico demonstrando como a concepção pedagógica proposta por Saviani pode caracterizar uma alternativa possível para desenvolvimento efetivo da educação em direitos humanos.
Artesanato e tradição no sul da Itália: patrimônio cultural, novas habilidades e desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Galeotti Glenda
Published: April 2020

O texto apresenta uma pesquisa sobre artesanato artístico e tradicional no sul da Itália, que visa identificar produções artesanais de excelência em risco de extinção, mas que mostram potencial de desenvolvimento. A investigação centra-se no reconhecimento das produções artesanais como patrimôno cultural intangível de uma comunidade local, na emergência do seu potencial para o desenvolvimento sustentável, no fortalecimento do diálogo, da aprendizagem e da solidariedade entre gerações, entre mestres de arte e jovens talentos pela refuncionalização e atualização da produção. Os resultados da pesquisa foram utilizados para desenvolver três intervenções de empreendimentos sociais, que assumo como objeto de suas produções artísticas e tradicionais.
Currículo pensadopraticado: trajetória e desafios
Authors: Lira Iolita Marques , Freitas Marinaide Lima de Queiroz
Published: April 2020

Este artigo narra o processo formativo e interdisciplinar do currículo pensadopraticado do Curso Técnico em Artesanato do Instituto Federal de Alagoas – Campus Maceió, que passou por percurso de “capacitação”, extensão, culminando-se em um curso técnico, que permanece vigente. Essa narração apoia-se na reconstrução da memória (BOSI, 1993) e fundamentou-se em De Certeau (2016), Fazenda (2005), Oliveira (2004;2012), dentre outros pesquisadores. O estudo, possibilitou compreender as redes tecidas de um currículo pensadopraticado, construído no cotidiano ― e que o referido curso ―, constituiu-se em uma contribuição acadêmica à relação design e artesanato, oportunizado pelo Programa Nacional de Integração de Jovens e Adultos (Proeja).
Reconhecimento e alteridade: uma reflexão da práxis docente e sua implicação na formação do aluno
Authors: Aleluia Roseane Farias da Silva
Published: April 2020

O artigo trabalha as implicações do reconhecimento e da dimensão da alteridade na formação do aluno, dentro do contexto da práxis docente. A teoria do reconhecimento postula a necessidade vital que todo indivíduo tem de ser visto, aprovado e reconhecido, portanto trata do campo da relação com o outro. Partindo de uma orientação teórico-metodológica é possível problematizar a práxis docente para além de sua função educadora, trazendo ao debate a importância do professor no reconhecimento do aluno como sujeito dotado de subjetividade que deseja ser compreendido em sua complexidade. A reflexão mostra que a recusa desse reconhecimento é também a negação de sua condição de sujeito, o que afeta o campo das relações, trazendo consequências para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
A educação escolar contemporânea: a formação do jovem no século XXI
Authors: Spricigo Fabrício , Martins Filho Lourival José
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo constitui um balanço acerca dos valores predominantes que compõem o pensamento pedagógico empresarial de formação do jovem para o século XXI. Objetiva identificar propostas para a formação do jovem na atualidade, enfatizando especialmente as demandas do mundo do trabalho e seus impactos na educação escolar básica. Com aporte no método histórico-dialético, utilizamos como fontes referenciais a Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações e o Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Nesse sentido, identificamos algumas determinações que incidem sobre a formação do jovem, destacando-se, principalmente, as demandas requeridas pelo mundo da produção econômica sob influência do capitalismo contemporâneo.
A implantação do programa de educação permanente em saúde: uma contribuição para o fortalecimento do SUS
Authors: Andrade Kelly Gomes Messias , Cortez Elaine Antunes , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Castro Jessika Afonso
Published: April 2020

A Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) permite a reflexão do processo de trabalho, atuando como uma importante estratégia de transformação da realidade laboral. Com intuito de fortalecer o trabalho em rede do SUS, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de implantação do Programa de Educação Permanente em Saúde no município de Itaperuna/RJ, que visa contribuir para a reorganização do sistema de regulação de consultas especializadas neste município. Percorreu-se quatro etapas para a implementação do programa. Emergiu-se em duas reflexões: Educação Permanente em Saúde: uma estratégia necessária à gestão e Fatores positivos e negativos detectados na implantação do Programa de Educação Permanente em Saúde. Percebe-se que através da implantação do programa houve o fortalecimento do comprometimento coletivo, com mudança de atitude dos profissionais, favorecendo uma postura humilde, responsável, comprometida, crítica, reflexiva, proativa de todos, com avanço no Sistema Único de Saúde local.
Introduction
Authors: Stewart David , Lacey Bryant Sue , Edwards Clare , Gilroy Dominic
Published: April 2020

Every CILIP President has a theme.  In David Stewart’s Presidential year in 2019, one of his themes was the need to focus on our own evidence base in libraries and therefore research.

In the NHS “evidence-based healthcare” has been an important driver for change since the 1990s. Evidence based healthcare led directly to evidence based librarianship and that too has been a powerful agent for change in NHS library and knowledge services. Nevertheless, there is much more to do – the power of evidence needs to be recognised across all our professional groups and we need a much more coordinated approach to its funding, development and dissemination.
On the exact and approximate solutions of several differential equations with variational derivatives of the first and second orders
Authors: Ignatenko M. V. , Yanovich L. A.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we consider the problem of the exact and approximate solutions of certain differential equations with variational derivatives of the first and second orders. Some information about the variational derivatives and explicit formulas for the exact solutions of the simplest equations with the first variational derivatives are given. An interpolation method for solving ordinary differential equations with variational derivatives is demonstrated. The general scheme of an approximate solution of the Cauchy problem for nonlinear differential equations with variational derivatives of the first order, based on the use of the operator interpolation apparatus, is presented. The exact solution of the differential equation of the hyperbolic type with variational derivatives, similar to the classical Dalamber solution, is obtained. The Hermite interpolation problem with the conditions of coincidence in the nodes of the interpolated and interpolation functionals, as well as their variational derivatives of the first and second orders, is considered for functionals defined on the sets of differentiable functions. The found explicit representation of the solution of the given interpolation problem is based on an arbitrary Chebyshev system of functions. This solution is generalized for the case of interpolation of functionals on one out of two variables and applied to construct an approximate solution of the Cauchy problem for the differential equation of the hyperbolic type with variational derivatives. The description of the material is illustrated by numerous examples.
Features of the formation of the structure and properties of powder steels with additives that activate diffusion processes during sintering
Authors: Dyachkova L. N.
Published: April 2020

Effect of activating the sintering process of powder steel alloyed with nickel or chromium by grinding the initial powders and introducing alkali metal compounds was investigated. The kinetics of grinding the initial iron powders, Cr30, and a mixture of iron powders with 4 % nickel was studied. It is shown that, depending on the hardness of the powder, it is grinded in three or two stages. When grinding more hard powders, there is no stage of intensive deformation of particles and an increase in their size. Crystalline lattice defects resulting from grinding of powders accelerate diffusion processes. This reduces sintering temperature by 100–200 °С compared to the sintering temperature of steels from the initial powders, contributes to a homogeneous structure, reduces porosity by 4–17 %, and increase strength of powder steels by 1.5–1.6 times. The mechanism of the effect of sodium bicarbonate on the acceleration of diffusion of carbon, nickel and chromium into iron has been established. With the introduction of sodium bicarbonate under the action of water vapor, formed upon its decomposition to carbonate, thin oxide films are formed on iron particles, which are actively recovered in a protective-recovering atmosphere during sintering. This leads to formation of a metal contact between the particles, acceleration of the self-diffusion of iron atoms and the diffusion of alloying additives into iron by 5–7 times, depending on the sintering temperature and the amount of added additive. Sodium forms nanodispersed complex compounds of the ferritic type Na3Fe5O9along the grain boundaries of the iron base, which provide grain refinement and the formation of a homogeneous structure. Changes in the structure of powder steel with the introduction of sodium bicarbonate cause an increase in its strength by 1.5–1.7 times. The results can be used to obtain structural products from alloyed powder steels.
Аналіз методів прогнозування змін маршрутів передачі даних в бездротових самоорганізованих мережах
Authors: Дівіцький А.С. , Боровик Л.В. , Сальник С.В. , Голь В.Д.
Published: April 2020

В статті було проаналізовано сучасні дослідження в галузі прогнозування, які розглядають методи підтримання якості функціонування мобільних радіомереж та прогнозування часу перевантаження маршрутів передачі даних. Вказано  основні фактори, які впливають на якість функціонування мобільних радіомереж такі як пульсація вхідного трафіка, рівень використання пропускної здатності ліній зв’язку, чутливість до затримок або втрат пакетів. Розглянуто методи прогнозування змін маршрутів передачі даних. Показано реалізацію класичних методів. Вказані переваги і недоліків, які визначають їх ефективність за різних умов застосування. На основі аналізу визначено доцільність проведення комбінування інтелектуальних, причинно-наслідкових, формалізованих та інтуїтивних методів, а саме штучного інтелекту, еволюційних обчислень та управління параметрів. Враховуючи функціональні особливості побудови мобільних радіомереж та вимоги, що висуваються до методів які розглянуті, можливим варіантом рішення є побудова методів заснованих на комбінуванні штучного інтелекту, еволюційних обчислень та управлінням параметрами, що в свою чергу надає можливість розробити нові методи з прогнозування змін маршрутів передачі даних в бездротових самоорганізованих мережах.
Games, experiência lúdica e cognição inventiva
Authors: Oliveira Fátima Cristina Regis Martins de , Perani Leticia , Maia Alessandra
Published: April 2020

Este estudo argumenta que a experiência lúdica dos games tem o potencial de operar como chave de compreensão da cultura. A discussão teórica está organizada em duas seções. A primeira mostra como a interface gráfica do usuário inspirou-se nos games para tornar-se mais interativa e lúdica. A segunda ressalta que as práticas lúdicas se baseiam em teorias que descentram o humano. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, e, como resultado, evidencia-se a necessidade de uma abordagem teórica complexa e transdisciplinar para dialogar com a subjetividade e a cultura hoje.
The Improvement of Students’ Information Literacy-based on the Association of College and Reseach Libraries (ACRL) using Empowering 8
Authors: Saputra Alpin Herman
Published: April 2020

The result of a preliminary study conducted by the researcher showed that the information literacy of students at the Elementary School Teacher (PGSD) Program was low. Therefore, this research was done to understand the effect of Empowering 8 model application in improving students’ information literacy. This research used the quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research participants were 66 students, consisting of 33 students in the experimental class and 33 students in the control class. This research utilized some instruments, including pretest, posttest, questionnaires and observation sheets. The results obtained were: the students’ information literacy ability based on ARCL experimental class was in the high category. It revealed that application of Empowering 8 model had a positive effect on the students’ information literacy.
RECRUITING FOR SUCCESS. DOES BOARD DIVERSITY MATTER?
Authors: Mazzola Meg E. Cotter , Pontacolon Joseph L. , Claudio Angel , Salguero Javier A. , James Marcelles , Yawson Robert
Published: April 2020

Nonprofits play an essential role in society. To realize their important missions, nonprofits
rely on strong and committed leaders at both the organization level as well as the governance level.
Nonprofits are obligated to have an active board of directors to operate. This reliance places the
organization in a vulnerable position where they must recruit and engage with external
stakeholders and identify individuals with the combination of talent needed to succeed as well as
the passion for supporting the organization’s vision. Knowing that board members have a long lasting impact on their organizations, this paper looks at the varying models of governance and the
implications for choosing one model over another. Determining the best structure for a governance
model represents one component to setting an organization up for success. Equally, if not more
important, is ensuring that the board of directors is composed of motivated and committed
individuals who are steadfast in their efforts to support the mission of the organization. In order to
find the best people for the role, an organization must understand what drives and motivates an
individual to serve on a board. The topic of motivation as it relates to governance boards, and how
existing boards can use the motivating factors to recruit and retain board members is explored.
Finally, we explore the value of diverse board composition and whether certain criteria of diversity
carry more weight in terms of impact than others.
The works of Shihab ad-din al-Marjani on Islamic scholastic theology
Authors: Shagaviev D. A.
Published: April 2020

The well-known Tatar historian and theologian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (18181889), who worked as an imam and teacher of religious disciplines in Kazan, left behind more than 30 scientific and didactic written works. Some of his works were published in Kazan, Istanbul and Cairo. The subjects of the treatises of Marjani touch upon the Islamic faith, law, ethics, Quranic sciences and the history of Islam and Muslim peoples.

The most important contribution to Islamic science is his books on Islamic scholastic theology and Sunni dogma. There are seven works on the abovementioned topics from Shihabuddin Marjani’s heritage on Islamic sciences: “al-Hikma al-baligha”, “al-‘Adhb al-furat”, “al-Mathal al-a‘la”, “Haqq al-bayan”, “at-Tariqa al-muthla”, “Haqq al-‘aqida” and “Sharh mukaddimat ar-risalya al-shamsiyya”.

This article provides an overview of these works, gives a brief description of them, discusses the prints. It also sheds the light on their issues and points out the inaccessibility of some of them to researchers. Particular attention is paid to the work “al-Hikma al-baligha” (“Mature Wisdom”), which is a commentary on the well-known text in Sunni world, al-‘Aqida al-nasafiyya.

The study uses descriptive and historical scientific methods with elements of theological analysis. Accessible sources in Arabic were directly investigated, and the works of contemporaries of the Tatar scholar were also used.
Workstation
Authors: Farhan Firwanda
Published: April 2020

Memanfaatkan aplikasi yang tersedia secara open source memungkinkan administrasi jaringan computer dapat dilakukan dengan lebih efektif dan efisien. Seperti kita ketahui, tugas utama seorang administrator jaringan adalah mengelola jaringan itu sendiri, misalnya membangun Local Area Network (LAN) mengelola sebuah computer workstation yang lain, melakukan backup data dan monitoring jaringan itu sendiri.
Exposure to the Covid-19 pandemic and generosity
Authors: Branas-Garza Pablo , Jorrat Diego Andrés , Alfonso Antonio , Espin Antonio M. , García Teresa , Kovarik Jaromir
Published: April 2020

We report data from an online experiment, which allow us to study whether generosity has changed during the early Covid-19 pandemic. We have gathered data from Spanish participants over a six-day period in which Covid-19-associated deaths in Spain, one of the most affected countries, increased fourfold. In our experiment, participants could donate a fraction of a €100 prize to a charity. Our data are particularly rich in the age distribution and we complement them with daily public information about the Covid-19-related deaths, infections, and hospital admissions. We find that donations decreased in the period under study and scale down with the public information about the life and health impact of the pandemic. The effect is particularly pronounced among older subjects. Our analysis of the mechanisms behind the detected decrease in solidarity highlights the key—but independent—role of expectations about others’ behavior, perceived mortality risk, and (alarming) information in behavioral adaptation.
How representative are neuroimaging samples? Large-scale evidence for trait anxiety differences between fMRI and behaviour-only research participants.
Authors: Charpentier Caroline J , Faulkner Paul , pool eva , Ly Verena , Tollenaar Marieke , Kluen Lisa Marieke , Fransen Aniek , Yamamori Yumeya , Lally Níall , Mkrtchian Anahit , Valton Vincent , Huys Quentin JM , Sarigiannidis Ioannis , Morrow Kelly , Krenz Valentina , Kalbe Felix , Cremer Anna , Zerbes Gundula , Kausche Franziska Magdalena , Wanke Nadine , Giarrizzo Alessio , Pulcu Erdem , Murphy Susannah Elinor , Kaltenboeck Alexander , Browning Michael , Paul Lynn K. , Cools Roshan , Roelofs Karin , Pessoa Luiz , harmer catherine , Chase Henry W. , Grillon Christian , Schwabe Lars , Roiser Jonathan Paul , Robinson Oliver Joe , O'Doherty John
Published: April 2020

Over the past three decades, functional MRI (fMRI) has become key to study how cognitive processes are implemented in the human brain. However, the question of whether participants recruited into fMRI studies differ from participants recruited into other study contexts has received little to no attention. This is particularly pertinent when effects fail to generalize across study contexts: for example, a behavioural effect discovered in a non-imaging context not replicating in a neuroimaging environment. Here, we tested the hypothesis, motivated by preliminary findings (n=272), that fMRI participants differ from behaviour-only participants on one fundamental individual difference variable: trait anxiety. Analysing a large-scale dataset drawn from multiple institutions (n=3317) and including possible confounding variables, we found robust support for lower trait anxiety in fMRI study participants, consistent with a sampling or self-selection bias. The bias was larger in studies that relied on phone screening (compared to full in-person psychiatric screening), recruited at least partly from convenience samples (compared to community samples), and in pharmacology studies. Our findings highlight the need for surveying trait anxiety at recruitment and for appropriate screening procedures or sampling strategies to mitigate this bias.
Latent Class Growth Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling using R: A tutorial for two R-packages and a comparison with Mplus.
Authors: Wardenaar Klaas J
Published: April 2020

Latent Class Growth Analyses (LCGA) and Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) analyses are used to explain between-subject heterogeneity in growth on an outcome, by identifying latent classes with different growth trajectories. Dedicated software packages are available to estimate these models, with Mplus (Muthén & Muthén, 2019) being widely used. Although this and other available commercial software packages are of good quality, very flexible and rich in options, they can be costly and fit poorly into the analytical workflow of researchers that increasingly depend on the open-source R-platform. Interestingly, although plenty of R-packages to conduct mixture analyses are available, there is little documentation on how to conduct LCGA/GMM in R.This educational document aims to provide applied researchers with relatively little prior experience with a tutorial and coding examples for conducting LCGA and GMM in R. The results obtained with R and the modeling approaches (e.g., default settings, model configuration) of the used R-packages are compared to each other and to Mplus using simulated data.
Urban security and crime prevention in smart cities: a systematic review
Authors: Vivo Delgado Gerard , Castro-Toledo Francisco Javier
Published: April 2020

The scientific literature on crime prevention in urban contexts is very vast, nevertheless it is still limited in the Smart Cities context. With the aim of assessing how this phenomenon has been studied to date from an evidence-based approach, a quantitative systematic review has been conducted on the basis of gathering information from the most recent scientific literature (2014-2019) on strategies for improving urban safety in smart city scenarios. Specifically, it was systematised according to different variables such as research designs, results of the implementation of measures to improve urban safety, crimes assessed, fields of application of the measures and problems associated with the use of these measures. As a result, the majority of the studies examined are of a cross-sectional, non-experimental nature. Also, most results are descriptive and the preventive measures evaluated have positive effects. Similarly, most of the applications are connected with civil, preventive and police settings. Finally, this paper analyses the importance of following up on this emerging line of research.
Meta-design knowledge for Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: Miah Shah J , Blake Jacqueline , Kerr Don
Published: April 2020

Knowledge gained from a Decision Support Systems (DSS) design should ideally be reusable by DSS designers and researchers. The majority of existing DSS research has mainly focused on empirical problem solving rather than on developing principles that could inform solution approaches for other user contexts. Design Science Research (DSR) has contributed to effective development of various innovative DSS artefacts and associated knowledge development, but there has been limited progress on new knowledge development from a practical problem context, going beyond product and process descriptions. For DSS applications such as Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) design and development, relevant reusable prescriptive knowledge is of significance not only to understand mutability but also to extend application of theory across domains. In this paper, we develop new design knowledge abstracted from the approach taken in a representative case of innovative CDSS development, specified as an architecture and six design principles. The CDSS design artefact was initially designed for a specific clinical need is shown to be flexible for meeting demands of knowledge production both for diagnosis and treatment. It is argued that the proposed general strategy is applicable to designing CDSS artefacts in similar problem domains representing an important contribution of design knowledge both in DSS and DSR fields.
Cyber-Physische Zwillinge
Authors: Czwick Cordula , Martin Georg , Anderl Reiner , Kirchner Eckhard
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Der neue Begriff „Cyber-Physische Zwillinge“ beschreibt die gleichzeitige Entwicklung der Komponenten, Cyber Zwilling (virtuell) und Physischer Zwilling (real), sowie ihrer bi-direktionalen Wechselwirkung. Cyber-Physische Zwillinge unterscheiden sich vom Digitalen Zwilling durch das Angebot von Services zum Beispiel Handlungsempfehlungen im Cyber Zwilling zum Verhalten des Physischen Zwillings. Diese neue Konzeption wird insbesondere mit der Entwicklung und Anwendung sensorintegrierender Maschinenelemente vorgestellt.
Simulationsplattform für Automatisierungslösungen
Authors: Daniel Christian
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

In den letzten Jahren steigt der Bedarf an die Digitalisierung und den Einsatz von Simulationssystemen im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau rasant. Insbesondere die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme (VIBN) wird verstärkt in Unternehmen etabliert, um die Realisierung von komplexen und flexiblen Produktionseinrichtungen abzusichern. Durch vorgezogene Tests an digitalen Modellen wird die Qualität der Steuerungssoftware verbessert sowie der Start der Produktion und der 100 % Produktionsausstoß beschleunigt. Bei führenden Automatisierungsherstellern und Betreibern gehört inzwischen nicht nur die VIBN zum festen Bestandteil des Engineering-Prozesses. Zunehmend werden Digitale Zwillinge eingesetzt, die neben der VIBN alle Phasen der Automatisierungslösung begleiten. Dieses bildet auch die Basis für neue Geschäftsprozesse und -modelle, die im Sinne der Initiative Industrie 4.0 die Innovationskraft Deutscher Unternehmen beschleunigen soll.
Der Digitale Zwilling über den Produktlebenszyklus
Authors: Massonet Angela , Kiesel Raphael , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Obwohl der Digitale Zwilling ein Schlüsselkonzept des Industrial Internet of Things ist, haben viele Unternehmen davon noch keinen Gebrauch gemacht. Gründe hierfür sind das mangelnde Bewusstsein für Einsatzmöglichkeiten sowie Unklarheit über die Umsetzung. Um eine notwendige Basis für die Umsetzung zu schaffen, wurden am Fraunhofer IPT im Rahmen des International Center for Networked and Adaptive Production ein Konzeptbild und eine Struktur entwickelt, welche das Verständnis fördern sowie die wichtigsten Komponenten und Schritte, die zur Schaffung eines Digitalen Zwillings erforderlich sind, skizzieren
Multicultural Education From the Position of a Dialogue Approach
Authors: Breshkovskaya Karine Yurevna , Ezhkova Nina Sergeevna
Published: April 2020

The article presents a scientific analysis of the problem of multicultural education. The dialogue approach as a methodological component of modern multicultural education, based on the position of the dialogue of cultures and cultural pluralism is characterized in the article. The concept of "dialogue" is characterized as the basis for interaction, support for the subjective position of the individual, its spiritual development in the educational process, and a way to unite different cultures. Cultural identity is highlighted as a favorable factor for introducing children to the world of culture and assimilating the values of other cultures; the relationship between cultural identity and cultural diversity is revealed, as well as the possibility of using such unity in building technologies of modern multicultural education. The methodological aspects of multicultural education of preschoolers: the process of developing values in preschoolers is creation of a multicultural educational environment. The author identifies the levels of development of value concepts in preschoolers: cognitive, evaluative, and activity. The author gives a meaningful description of pedagogical work with children at each selected level, describes the leading positions that should be used in the development of children's ideas about people of other nationalities.
Methods. During the study, the authors carried out a theoretical analysis of the literature on the problem. It is concluded that in the process of implementing the principle of dialogics in multicultural education, children are prepared to understand another culture, to recognize the surrounding diversity.
Traditions and Innovations in the Dynamics of Ethnosocial Organism Development: Problem Statement
Authors: Ashkhamakhov Kazbek Idadovich , Kozlov Roman Sergeevich
Published: April 2020

Authors of the article pay a special attention to the consideration of traditions and innovations in the dynamics of ethnosocial organism development, since the last decade, the blurring of lines of ethnocultural identity on a global scale has become more obvious. Aggressive penetration into the territory of many states by a pro-Western faceless pseudo culture led to a loss of life orientation at the genetic level and the prospects for the existence of most ethnic groups.
The aim of work is to search, identify and analyze the main structure-forming principles, the main provisions of which can preserve a unique and inimitable core of ethnocultural organism in a practical application, give a vector of a further more qualitative state.
Methods. Using the principles of formal logic, functionalism, and a systematic approach, it was possible to determine the stages of the origin, transformation, and structural integration of cultural innovations in the ethnic environment. Characteristics of each stage from the side of a positive direction as well as a negative one, leading to the degeneration and decay of the ethnocultural system, is presented.
As a result of the study, methodological approaches to preserving ethnic cultures, based on traditional ties in relations within the people were identified. These principles are, in authors’ opinion, invariable mechanisms of the dynamic, progressive development of any ethnic group, if the ethnocultural identity of all mankind is perceived as a conscious, creative way for the development and preservation of an ethnos.