bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term monitoring of the dredged material deposit sites in the Eastern Gulf of Finland
Authors: Chusov Alexander , Shilin Mikhail , Gogoberidze George , Bobylev Nikolai , Ershova Alexandra , Lednova Julia
Published: May 2020

The goal of the paper is summarizing the results of the 20-years monitoring of the deposit sites of the dredged material in the Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) and in the Neva Bay. The biotic and abiotic components of deposit sites ecosystems were observed there in 1999-2019, with using standard monitoring methods, in order to reveal effects of dumping on hydrobiologic communities and to determine their environmental status. The Biota Condition Index for 6 deposit sites was calculated and compared to areas which are not stressed by dumping. It is shown that the biological communities (especially – benthic) in the deposit sites areas are enormous not-sustainable and start their succession from the zero point every time after repeating stressing effect of dumping.
Building a physical model of acoustic air pollution reduction process for brick manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Bespalov Vadim , Gurova Oksana , Baklakova Valeriya
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the air acoustic pollution reduction process for brick manufacturing enterprises based on the physical and energy approach based on the theory of dispersed systems. The authors performed physical modeling of the process taking into account the properties of all the objects taking part in it at each stage and the features of the space in which it is implemented. Based on the constructed model, a mathematical description of the probability of the process and its effectiveness is obtained.
Determination of inhalation toxicity of the ozone-air mixture
Authors: Belyaev Valery , Nikulin Vladimir , Kochkarov Ruslan , Gvozdetsky Nikolay , Grudeva Elena
Published: May 2020

The work on the inhalation toxicity of the ozone-air mixture was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, acute inhalation toxicity was studied and the class of toxicity was determined, at the second stage, subchronic inhalation toxicity was determined. The object of the study was an ozone-air mixture. A portable standalone ozone generation device developed by us was used as a source of the mixture. A total of 58 outbred mature white Wistar rats of both sexes were used in the study, where 18 rats participated in the first stage, and 40 rats in the second. The animals were placed in an inhalation chamber. The procedure for testing acute inhalation toxicity was carried out according to the standard method at concentrations of ozone-air mixture of 100, 500, 2500 ppm and an exposure of 4 hours. As a result, the fatal outcome was observed only in 3 groups (2500 ppm), 3 out of 6 individuals were killed, including 2 males and 1 female. In fallen animals, death occurred as a result of respiratory arrest. The surviving animals were monitored for 14 days after the test. During the treatment of animals with ozone-air mixture, a gradual inhibition of the respiratory system was observed, followed by the development of pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Based on the data obtained, the ozone-air mixture under study was assigned a hazard class 3. In the study of subchronic inhalation toxicity of oats, concentrations of 250, 125, and 50 ppm were studied. The experiment was carried out, according to the standards for determining the subchronic inhalation toxicity of substances, for 90 days. During the experiment, body weight, feed consumption, behavioral activity were recorded, and blood hematological and biochemical parameters were determined. As a result of the study of subchronic inhalation toxicity of the ozone-air mixture, no signs of intoxication were detected in rats, and there were no death cases.
Properties of the urban watercourse composition under anthropogenic load
Authors: Denisov Viktor , Bondarenko Ekaterina , Scherbakov Alexander
Published: May 2020

The anthropogenic impact on urban rivers is very significant. Industrial enterprises, municipal, and agricultural organizations discharge wastewater directly into the rivers. In the samples of the studied water, certain properties were found. The water in the river is cloudy, brown in color, and in some places has a sharp smell. Extraneous impurities and foam were detected in water. Moreover, various chemicals were found, which are not characteristic to natural waters. The analyzed water is highly polluted as shown by the following chemical indicators, which reported results higher than the Maximum Allowable Concentration: Fe concentration is 24 times higher than standard, Cu is 5 times higher, Mn is 6 times higher, Al is 366 times higher, Hg is 3 times higher, Zn is 4 times higher, NO2 is 2.5 times higher, hydrocarbon pollution is 2.8 times higher, NH4 is 1.9 times higher. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately develop effective methods for monitoring the state of the watercourse, both economic and energetic. To save the sustainable development of the natural system.
Peculiarities of weather and snow accumulation conditions in Moscow region in winter period 2019/2020
Authors: Frolov Denis
Published: May 2020

The study of weather and snow accumulation conditions is important because for example on basis of knowledge on temperature regime and accumulation peculiarities of snow cover the ground freezing depth calculations are performed. So the results of study of peculiarities of weather and snow accumulation conditions in Moscow region for winter period 2019/2020 are presented in the paper. The comparison of these data for this winter period with the previous winter periods and the long-term averaged values is also done.
The use of green energy for energy conservation in high-rise buildings
Authors: Rudenko Nikolay , Ershov Valery
Published: May 2020

The article discusses technical proposals for energy saving in high-rise buildings based on the use of “green” energy. These include: the use of hybrid wind and solar power plants and vortex wind-driven power plants with a vertical axis to utilize both the energy of horizontal wind flows at height level and the energy of ascending airflows. The general principles of building hybrid wind and solar power plants for energy conservation in high-rise buildings are set forth based on the analysis of prior art. These include the following: to ensure safe operation and the absence of tele-interruptions, it is advisable to close the wind turbines with a dome design that has a cavity that captures the wind flow; to ensure environmental friendliness and ease of management, it is advisable to use a variety of vertical vortex wind turbines of modular design; for efficient use of solar energy, it is advisable to integrate photovoltaic cells into the outer structure of the dome; To reduce the cost of the project, it is advisable to use the existing high-rise buildings. A vortex wind power installation is proposed, which allows the use of small winds and low-potential thermal flows, to reduce low-frequency vibration, to increase the stability and efficiency of use of wind energy with ease of installation, maintenance and repair.
Methods for reducing vibrations generated by shock equipment
Authors: Pushenko Sergei , Bozhko Evgeny , Zolotuhina Irina
Published: May 2020

Noise is one of the most unfavorable environmental factors in production facilities, for which it is most difficult to achieve compliance with sanitary standards. Prolonged exposure to intense vibrations and noise leads to noise and vibration diseases. The effect of noise on the human body is not limited to exposure to the organ of hearing. Irritation by noise is transmitted to the central and autonomic nervous systems, through them acts on the internal organs, leading to significant changes in the functional state of the organism. With pulsed and irregular noise, the degree of impact of noise on the body of workers increases. Most types of forging equipment relate to impact machines, during the operation of which impulse noise occurs, the levels of which at workplaces, in most cases, exceed the maximum permissible values and relate to those factors, the significance of which in some cases is greater than dustiness, high temperature, manipulation of heated workpieces. Therefore, the problem of reducing vibration and noise in the forge shops is extremely relevant and has great scientific and socio-economic significance. To solve the problem of noise reduction in forge shops, various options for reducing the noise activity of equipment have been developed/ It is possible to most effectively reduce noise by changing the material and shapes of the beds, noise-attenuating casings, oil baths for gears.
Geometric characteristics of micro holes in a fabric air duct
Authors: Agafonova Vera
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop new effective air supply devices, taking into account the current level of development of science and technology and the emergence of modern high-tech materials. These include microperforated fabric ducts made of a polymer composite material. The holes in such ducts are cut with a laser. The results of studying the geometric characteristics of micro holes in a textile air duct section using an optical microscope are presented. It was found that the area of the holes varies in the range from 39629 μm2 to 50955 μm2. The average value of the area of micro holes is S = 47718 µm2, which corresponds to a diameter of d = 242 µm (0.24 mm), and the diameter declared by the manufacturer is 0.2 mm. The results obtained make it possible to determine the resistance of a microperforated fabric air duct.
Using algorithmic design tools at the stage of building operation
Authors: Knyazeva Natalia , Levina Daria
Published: May 2020

Nowadays automation tools for separate construction processes and transmission of information model between different software frameworks are being developed. Prominent among these are plugins for nodes or visual programming, which are used to solve specific challenges. The procedures of solving them are considered to be possible variants for BIM-scenarios usage. The main goal of the study is demonstration of an example of using algorithmic design for the object operation stage. In this article we formulated and analyzed BIM-scenarios for the building operation stage at the building technical condition monitoring sub-stage and we offered to use tools for algorithmic design to automate implementation of processes of a considered scenario and also formed the main conclusions for the presented study.
Mathematical model for optimization of heat exchange systems
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir , Yushkova Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of thermodynamic optimization of heat transfer systems. Optimization is carried out by an exergy pinch method. This method includes the advantages of exergy analysis and pinch method. Exergy analysis takes into account the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of thermal processes, the pinch method allows structural and parametric optimization of heat transfer systems. The article presents a mathematical model for optimization by exergy pinch analysis. This model allows automated system optimization. Exergy pinch analysis allows more efficient use of energy and resources at the enterprise, which is relevant today.
Setting the problem of designing monitoring systems for engineering structures and methods of its solution
Authors: Shendiapina Svetlana , Alisultanov Ramidin
Published: May 2020

The unprecedented construction of large-span, high-rise and technically complex Olympic facilities in a very short time sets the goal of ensuring the engineering safety of the facilities being built. A necessary condition for its solution is a well-functioning system of continuous monitoring the state of load-bearing structures. It should be capable of identifying unacceptable deviations in the operability of the structure (reducing its reliability) and notifying operating services in a timely manner. The research is devoted to designing such systems. The research subject of the study is a set of requirements for monitoring systems for engineering structures. The feed data for the conducted studies was information about accidents that occurred at constructional projects with various purposes. Analysis of monitoring tools and controlled parameters was used as a research method. The paper investigated some of the existing monitoring systems. The following global monitoring tasks are formulated: what to control; how to control; controlled parameters.
Corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement in polymer silicate shyngizite concrete
Authors: Sokolova Irina
Published: May 2020

Polymersilicate concrete is used for structures of industrial buildings in many industries, where production processes form an acidic wet- gas operating environment. The lightweight polymer silicate shungizite concrete, proposed by the author for external walls, can also be attributed to these materials. The polymersilicate composition is based on the components of schungite and schungizite. The composition also included liquid glass, sodium silicofluoride and furyl alcohol. These ingredients are usually adopted for polymersilicate concrete. Previously, the author carried out the research of physical and mechanical properties of the composition. The components based on schungite and schungizite were chosen because of their high acid resistance. The issue of the corrosion resistance of reinforcement in light polymer-silicate concrete has not been studied enough. This article presents the results of investigations of the corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement in polymer silicate shungizit concrete. The investigations were carried out in an airy environment of high humidity and in solutions of sulfuric acid of various concentrations. After the established time limits for corrosion testing, the corrosion of reinforcement in samples was not observed. Such a result was obtained due to the dense structure of the material and high acid resistance of the constituent components on the basis of schungite and shungizite. There is no need for additional protection of the concrete surface to prevent corrosion of the reinforcement in it . The author recommends the use of the material for reinforced structures of external walls exposed to an acidic wet- gas operating environment.
Improving the energy method for calculating beams with a narrow rectangular section on the side buckling
Authors: Yazyev Serdar , Lapina Anastasia , Zotov Ivan , Chepurnenko Anton , Doronkina Irina
Published: May 2020

We propose an improved version of the energy method in calculating rectangular beams for the stability of a flat bending shape. The essence of this variant of the method is to use the principle of the minimum total energy instead of the condition for the equality of the potential strain energy and the work of external forces. This version of the method makes it easy to obtain a numerical-analytical solution for any number of members of series. The solution of the problem for a pivotally supported beam is presented taking into account the vertical displacement of the load relative to the center of gravity.
Scientific and methodological bases of rational design of hoisting-and-transport machines metal structures
Authors: Sagirov Yurii , Artiukh Viktor , Mazur Vladlen , Aleksandrovskiy Maxim
Published: May 2020

Purpose of this paper is to improve parameters of metal structures elements of hoisting-and-transport machines (HTMs) by means of systematic approach to study changes of their stress-strain state during design or usage stage. Subject of the study is pattern of changes in distribution and values of stresses in elements of metal structures of HTMs depending on the structural and parametric characteristics. Design methodology of metal structures of HTMs on the basis of a portal crane is proposed, it is based on strength calculations using methods of allowable stresses and FEM, 3D computer simulation, system analysis of the stress-strain state and structural-parametric synthesis. Results of modeling of loading state and calculations of the portal crane metal structures on strength by FEM in CAD/CAE system, analysis of their stress-strain state, structural-parametric synthesis are presented. Recommendations on practical application of the results are given. Possible ways of further development of proposed solutions are identified.
Ensuring the safety of breaking up and making up of freight trains
Authors: Kovalenko Nina , Borodin Aleksandr
Published: May 2020

The article addresses the issue of the safety of breaking up and making up of freight trains. The aim of the study is the formation of a technological approach to the use of “barrier groups” of cars on marshalling tracks. For this, methods of analysis and modelling were used. The analysis of methods to prevent exiting of rolling stock beyond limits of the useful length of marshalling tracks is shown. A technology is proposed for the formation of “barrier groups” of cars on marshalling tracks as blocking devices.
The performance test of the car catalytic converter in the conditions of urban operation
Authors: Ivanov Aleksandr , Abyzov Oleg , Galyshev Yurii , Rumyantsev Victor
Published: May 2020

In the conditions of continuous operation of a car tests of its engine for compliance with the declared environmental class on specialized test benches seem to be quite costly and laborious. Given this circumstance, in this paper a simplified method for verifying the operability of converters is proposed including the assessment of the influence of certain operation modes and some operational factors on the amount of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. Efficiency of the converter was estimated by comparing the experimental data on the emissions of these toxic components in the exhaust system before and after the converter. To test the efficiency of the converter, the cold start and warm-up modes of the engine were selected and investigated, as well as several modes close to those typical for testing the engine and car in urban areas according to the European Driving Cycle. As operational factors, typical malfunctions were investigated that often occur during the operation of an engine and significantly increase the amount of harmful emissions. A criterion is proposed for evaluating the performance of the converter and recommendations are given to increase the efficiency of the converter to meet the certain emission standards for cars with spark-ignition engines.
An approach to the optimal timber transport scheduling
Authors: Shabaev Anton , Sokolov Anton , Urban Alexander , Pyatin Dmitry
Published: May 2020

An approach to the optimal timber transport scheduling is described in the paper. A description of this problem is given, a multi-criteria mathematical model is created. It is noted that the problem belongs to the class of General vehicle routing problems (GVRP) associated with the job-shop scheduling. A hybrid algorithm for solving this problem based on the decomposition method using the simplex method and the genetic algorithm is developed. Testing of the proposed approach using real data from wood harvesting enterprises showed its effectiveness. The algorithm was implemented in “Opti-Wood” decision support system for wood harvesting planning and management, developed by Opti-Soft company (Russia).
Impact of static and dynamic loads of vehicles on pavement
Authors: Kurakina Elena , Evtiukov Sergey
Published: May 2020

The present paper substantiates urgency of studies on early deterioration of pavement layers and on reasons entailing it. The aim was to investigate static and dynamic loads imposed on a road surface by vehicles in order to detect signs of early deterioration of pavement and understand its reasons. Certain tasks were set: to define diagnostic capacity for performing test works on road surface with the use of static and dynamic loading equipment; to carry out an elastic modulus analysis on the basis of static and dynamic loading tests performed; to assess strength properties of flexible pavement. The paper describes methods for determining strength properties of a road surface with the use of special static and dynamic loading equipment. The authors provide data on diagnostic capacity of tests of a pavement performed with the use of special testing equipment. The paper gives a list of potentials, advantages and fundamental features of the following units of equipment: apparatus for plate bearing tests, Dina-3M, UDN-NK, Dynatest apparatus. The main parameters of equipment for dynamic loading tests are provided. The results of both dynamic and static loading tests performed in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region are given. Deflection bowls and elastic modulus were determined. Coefficients of the dynamic elastic modulus being reduced to the static one were calculated. Strength properties of flexible pavement were assessed.
Evaluation of conditions influencing the change of cargo turnover in Russia
Authors: Goloshchapova Ludmila , Savina Natalia
Published: May 2020

The article presents analytical data on the assessment of cargo turnover on the territory of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in the main indicators that characterize the situation in this area: transportation of goods by road, evaluation of elements of the national project "Safe and high-quality roads" and factors that influence the studied indicators. The paper uses empirical research methods: observation, comparison, and modeling. According to the results of the study, the main conditions that affect the volume of cargo turnover in the regions of Russia are highlighted.
Digital twin of wheel tractor with automatic gearbox
Authors: Hoodorozhkov Sergey , Krasilnikov Andrey
Published: May 2020

This article describes the digital twin of power drive unit (engine and transmission) of 8-ton class wheel tractor with automatic gearbox. Detailed mathematical model of considered tractor power drive unit - engine with 16-speed automatic gearbox and friction shift of stages under load without breaking the power flow is given. The theoretical methods of research are based on the use of the MATLab package. With the help of fundamental package units, models of gearbox physical components are created: friction clutches, gears, shafts with the required properties, engine mathematical model, as well as model of the transmission control system. The calculation methods of the gearbox dynamic processes going on in the gear shifts using friction clutches is proposed. A feature of the mathematical model is consideration of the resistive torque, the rate of rise of switched on clutches friction torque, both during switching to the higher and lower gears. Mathematic simulation of tractor power drive unit operation under load was performed. The results of the completed calculations are presented. The possibility of using this digital model to simulate tractor operation during its main work operations is shown.
Fatigue of the automobile structural materials in corrosive environment
Authors: Pachurin German , Goncharova Diana , Gevorgyan Gor , Filippov Aleksey , Mukhina Marya , Trunova Irina , Koniukhova Natalia
Published: May 2020

Operation of machines and equipment is accompanied by an impact produced by various types of loads leading to fatigue rupture of the structural materials. The most harmful are the vibration loads which in a corrosive environment increase the potential for a failure resulting in human casualties. Therefore, the task of ensuring the operating capability of machine elements and assemblies is one of the outstanding tasks for all industry sectors. In addition, the need for extending the service life and increasing the operational reliability is also determined by a relatively high cost of the machine structural materials and hardware items. Therefore, the execution of the experimental studies of the structural material fatigue features with a view to reduce the metal consumption, to establish new processing methods as well as to select a competitive material, are of the priority for the up-to-date machine building sector. The purpose of this article is to determine any fatigue behavior regularities in automotive materials which were pre-processed according to various technology types and modes and which were operating in a corrosive environment. The experimental data analysis has demonstrated that the longer the cyclic metal materials testing is run, the more sufficient is the decrease of the fatigue resistance of these.
Mathematical model of a drive mechanism with a crank device of a crank press
Authors: Kobzev Kirill
Published: May 2020

The most important link in the forging equipment is a crank mechanism. Their significant drawback is the unbalanced inertia forces of the moving masses of the crank mechanism, which cause vibration. The analysis of the phenomena occurring in the mechanism and the assessment of the technological process are based on the theory of chains, which allows analytically analyzing the dynamic characteristics of systems with a large number of degrees of freedom, based on the analysis of one structural element. The study of the process of force interaction inevitably comes down to the construction of a mathematical model of mechanisms, the formative movement of which leads to its formation. One of the partial systems makes an irregular programmed motion, meaning the crank drive mechanism. In addition, unwanted vibrations caused by kinematic excitation are superimposed on this drive. According to numerous papers on this topic, significant dynamic errors arise due to vibration accelerations. One of the main tasks in reducing the vibration activity and, accordingly, the level of acoustic emission of the process under study is to ensure the required law of motion of the instrument. On this basis, the study of the stability of formative movements is of particular importance. This question is complicated by the fact that in the processing, there is a change in the process parameters and, consequently, in the characteristics of the friction coupling. The latter circumstance presupposes the evolution of the system under study, and therefore the need for process control.
Experimental estimation of GNSS performances at the national aviation university
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymir , Konin Valeriy , Pogurelsky Olexiy , Stativa Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

The goal of the research is to develop a of Global Navigation Satellite Systems quality monitoring methodology based on available equipment in the satellite navigation laboratory of the National Aviation University (Kyiv, Ukraine). For successful the goal achievement it is necessary to solve follow list of tasks: to determine the composition of the necessary equipment and order of it installing and connection; to develop the necessary software for processing received GNSS data; to estimate the GNSS characteristics with the help of experimental data. The primary focus of this research is on the following characteristics: accuracy (in terms of deviation coordinates in horizontal and vertical planes from the coordinates of the reference station and numerical values in meters); integrity information (summarized in the form of horizontal and Stanford plots); overall availability of service – measured as the availability of signals meeting the requirements for instrumented approaches with vertical guidance (APV) APV-1, APV-2, and Category 1 (CAT-1) precision approaches to runways. The main result of this research is developing software that could be applied for continuous monitoring of GNSS performances. The possibilities of it were successfully tested with the help of experimental data received from GPS and Galileo satellites.
Organization of residential areas focused on walking and using low-speed individual vehicles
Authors: Leptyukhova Olga , Bibartceva Daria
Published: May 2020

To create a comfortable urban environment, authorities are currently working with the population to reduce the specific share of trips by private car and to encourage the use of alternative modes of transportation, including walking, using low-speed individual vehicles as well. The feasibility of such actions is confirmed by numerous studies of the current urban environment, formed based on the universal accessibility of a private car. Car is a personal vehicle, stored near the place of residence. In the conditions of dense development of large cities, formed according to the rules that do not take into account the ownership of a car by the bulk of the population, as well as modern multi-story buildings in the context of a shortage of land resources, the population is faced with the problem of congestion of local territories with private cars, which leads to conflicts between neighbors. In these conditions, the urgent problem of organizing residential elements of the planning structure focused on pedestrian movements and movement using low-speed individual vehicles. This raises the question of the reorganization of the living environment and the identification of the territorial reserves for changes. This article presents the results of a study of the dense development of residential areas to identify the possibilities of its reorganization based on the principles of pedestrian accessibility and accessibility for low-speed individual vehicles. For research, the design method was used. This method made it possible to establish the quantitative value of territorial resources that are possible for redistribution according to their functional purpose, provided that the intensity of use of the territory corresponds to the standards of urban planning.
Civil law regulation of town planning
Authors: Voskresenskaya Elena , Zhilskiy Nikolay , Golovanov Nicolay , Pisareva Natalya
Published: May 2020

The present research article contains the legal analysis of prescription of the procedure and levels of law making in the field of civil and town planning legislation. The authors have explored their nature and origin, which will help fill the gaps in legislation and eliminate the existing conflicts of law. The current town planning legislation is of complex nature, so it cannot be applied without taking into account civil law, which directly influences town planning relations. It is worth mentioning that both town planning and civil law relations depend on the set of other constitutional principles related to the right of ownership, right of undertaking entrepreneurial or other economic activities, intellectual property right, etc. Interrelation and differentiation of regulations of town planning and civil legislation are currently essential. Civil legislation is manifested mainly by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which regulates property and some non-property yet associated relations that concern town planning activities. For the last years, the Russian legislation has paid much attention to statutory regulation of town planning relations, passing the way from federal laws to codification. The present paper focuses on the social and economic role of town planning and its place in current times.
Creating public space through urban analysis
Authors: Talipova Liliia , Lyubomirskiy Arseniy , Povarenko Daria , Scherbakov Alexander
Published: May 2020

The article researches purpose is to create a project of improvement of the right side of Kushelevskaya road through urban analysis. The transformation of the studied area will can lead to the improvement of the visual environment, creation of public spaces, landscaping of the adjacent territory, creation of visual code and new points of development and growth of the district. The study analyzes the physical and social environment, considers social scenarios. A SWOT analysis of the study area and a development map was carried out.
Volume-planning and town-planning organization of mixed residential development in the complex development of the territory
Authors: Yablonskii Leonid
Published: May 2020

The study is devoted to the issues of forming the concept of a mixed residential environment. The relevance of the research topic is due to the growth in housing construction in commuter belts of megacities and adjacent territories. Relevance of the study is also substantiated by such prerequisites as uneven distribution of housing among various categories of citizens, problems of territory insecurity with the whole complex of infrastructure necessary for the population, problems of significant territorial remoteness of jobs from places of residence. Moreover, a faceless, depressing and largely anti-human environment is created during the development of large territories due to the architecturally unattractive, heterogeneous, non-ergonomic high-rise high-density buildings. All the above-mentioned reasons cause the necessity for searching for new methods of organizing residential development that is comfortable for citizens and cost-effective for the developer. The scientific novelty of the study is to justify and define an integrated approach to understanding mixed residential development, to propose the principles, methods and tools of mixed residential development in the integrated development of the territory in the commuter belts of the metropolis, based on the most progressive foreign analogues studied. Also, scientific novelty lies in studying the index of mixed use according to the world analogues of the projects of Integrated Territory Development and recommendations on implementing this approach in Russia when planning projects of the Integrated Territory Development (ITD).
Urban planning approaches to the development of social infrastructure, considering the behavioral preferences of the population (Moscow, Russia)
Authors: Strashnova Yulia , Strashnova Lyudmila , Makarova Irina
Published: May 2020

Sociological studies in urban planning are increasingly being used in planning the placement of facilities across the city, including facilities in the service sector. When conducting a sociological study, the following methods were used: population survey (using online questionnaire), field survey (collection of information about the territory, population, its movements with cultural and domestic purposes, prevailing development, condition of facilities), analysis and generalization of survey results, comparison with data of the official statistics. The results of the study are: the main areas for the development of the social infrastructure of the city and a model of integrated functional and spatial organization of facilities developed taking into account modern behavioral preferences of various socio-demographic groups of the population. On the territory of the city of Moscow (in residential quarters, groups of residential quarters, groups of districts, administrative districts), a new type of facilities is proposed for placement - a multifunctional public complex (MPC) of socio-cultural purpose. The proposed functional composition of MPCs is formed taking into account a survey of the main consumers of services - socio-demographic groups of the population and their behavioral preferences. The main peculiarity of MPCs is the combination of cultural, sports, and additional education facilities that are currently insufficiently present in the urban environment.
The impact of climate change on the building climatology parameters used for designing the buildings and constructions in Russia
Authors: Vasilyev Gregory , Gornov Victor , Konstantinov Pavel , Kolesova Marina , Dmitriev Alexander
Published: May 2020

The data analysis results of long-term measurements of climatic parameters in Moscow and St. Petersburg is presented. The data on change in these parameters during the year over the past 10 years is exposed. The trends have been identified and represented for the following parameters: outdoor temperature, sunshine, snow depth, wind speed, humidity, etc. The duration of heating periods for each studied year and city is considered, as well as crossings through -2℃ during these periods. Throughout the research, the impact of climatic changes on the parameters of building climatology, which are used in designing the buildings and constructions in Russia, was determined. The obtained climate information will allow predicting the energy efficiency of operation for various engineering systems in the construction sector, as well as for the long term perspective.
Design of healthcare structures by green standards
Authors: Danilov Alexey , Benuzh Andrey , Yeye Orlan , Compaore Steve , Rud Nikita
Published: May 2020

Global warming is real, and the healthcare industry is both a contributor and a victim. Also, physical setting and, in particular, sustainable design practices can support patient recovery during hospitalization. In the context of this paper, focus areas for design of green healthcare structures have been explored in detail. Herein, we are laying focus on understanding architecturally justified approaches of interior lighting in a healthcare setting. This paper also discusses design strategies to improve indoor air quality in hospitals and the current international research to improve indoor air quality are reported. Other focus areas like greenhouse keeping, use of green interior materials and landscaping are discussed. Data for the review was extracted from published books and diverse online sources with the help of the Google search engine. It was found that healthcare structures, being resource intensive establishments, consume vast amounts of energy, water, and construction materials to provide high quality care. It was also found that healthcare institutions, by adopting sustainable measures are capable of reducing their environmental footprint to a bigger extent, boost the wellbeing of healthcare staff and aid patient recovery.
Aesthetic, functional and physical features of glulam in building architecture
Authors: Zhuravlev Mikhail , Zhuravleva Tatyana
Published: May 2020

The main purpose of this research is to prove the efficiency of glulam to meet various architectural needs. The three features of glulam such as: plasticity and aesthetic value, functional efficiency, supporting properties and resistance to extreme conditions, are compared with the same features of concrete and steel, the most widely used materials nowadays. The methods are based upon actual test results and practical experience in creating glulam constructions. The research shows that plasticity of glulam allows to create complex curved surfaces and its surface and texture clearly demonstrate the unique aesthetic features of the elements made of this material. Glulam can also be efficiently used to create various space morphotypes such as compact rooms, linear vertical and horizontal space, hall space, space with a complex spatial configuration. It is also proved that glulam strength expressed in Constructive Quality Ratio (CQR) surpasses steel and concrete in supporting ability and its durability also exceeds steel structures durability and is comparable to concrete.
Structure, adaptability and security of an architectural object
Authors: Yankovskaya Yuliya , Datciuk Tamara , Kondratieva Lidiia , Mangushev Rashid
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the improvement of the modern methodological apparatus for describing and modeling the structure of architectural objects, which is focused on current trends in the design of buildings and structures with a certain degree of variability and adaptability to rapidly changing modern requirements of potential and real users and external environmental conditions (natural, man-made). In addition, the complexity and variability of the structure of architectural objects directly affect the increase in their operational characteristics, the improvement of security systems and the hierarchy of structures of spaces of different access levels. Another aspect of this problem is the creation of a scientific basis for the formation of a more flexible regulatory framework in architecture.
The General Plan of St. Petersburg 2005 - 2025: prerequisites, ideas, implementation
Authors: Vaitens Andrei , Volkov Victor , Mityagin Sergey
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, the main urban planning document of St. Petersburg - the General Plan 2005 - 2025 is in the process of updating and revising a number of positions. In this regard, it seems important to consider the reasons for the proposed changes, as well as the stages of its development, its main ideas and periods of its implementation from 2005 to 2015. Also, environmental impact is considered.
Historical cities as an object of protection: approaches to the preservation of urban planning heritage in Russia
Authors: Marushina Natalia , Nazarova Anna , Pasechnik Igor
Published: May 2020

The historical city is one of the most complex objects of research, being a “living” organism, the environment of modern man, a combination of natural and man-made, tangible and intangible elements. The relevance of the study of the historical and urban planning environment is caused by the ongoing search for the most effective approaches to preserving the heritage of cities and the sustainable development of their territories. Systematic and structural analysis of such a phenomenon as a historical city, identification of internal relationships of elements that make up the historical and urban planning environment; comparison of existing tools for the protection of urban planning heritage and determination of the most effective mechanism for its preservation, proposed by modern Russian legislation. Based on the analysis of existing tools for the protection of the historical urban planning environment, the authors propose to consider the procedure for determining the boundaries and subject of protection of historical settlements as one of the aspects of the implementation of the international approach to the preservation of historic urban landscapes (HUL approach), and identify ways to improve the national tools in the field of urban planning heritage protection.
Comprehensive approach to the restoration of historical and cultural monuments (example of the mansion of A. A. Polovtsov)
Authors: Shchedrin Petr
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the problems of restoration design and study of cultural heritage objects that have a long history of existence and operation since the first half of the 19th century. The main aspects faced by researchers of monuments in our time are listed. The list of problems that designers face when studying such objects in St. Petersburg is given. A small dive into the technology of historical development for 250-300 years in St. Petersburg is made. The features of historic masonry and reinforced masonry structures are discussed. In particular, the problems of the state of brickwork walls of cultural heritage monuments of the early 19th century are listed. As a result, it can be stated that the technical and technological difficulties of restoration and the most problematic objects in the design were left to the current generation. We can also say that the current community of restoration designers, to a greater extent, does not take into account many factors that affect the integrity and load-bearing capacity of masonry historical walls. Using the example of a cultural heritage object - the building of the mansion of A. A. Polovtsov, the stages of design of restoration work and analysis of the result obtained and forced corrections after detailed restoration implementation in the structure during its restoration and conservation are given.
Street lighting St. Petersburg from 1703 to 1917
Authors: Venslauskene Ekaterina , Vozniak Ekaterina , Zavarikhin Svetozar
Published: May 2020

The article talks about the emergence of a street lighting system in the metropolis of St. Petersburg shortly after its founding before the 1917 revolution. The purpose of the study: a detailed analysis of all types of street lighting elements that appear in the structure of the rapidly growing St. Petersburg, including oil, gas, with an alcohol-containing mixture, kerosene lamps, lamps with arc lamps and incandescent lamps, street kerosene lamps. For each type, stylistic characteristics and technical differences are indicated, and the role of the lamp as an element of improvement is determined. In addition, architectural details and profiles that make up the luminaire volume are taken into account. Research methods: research of archival and library materials, historical maps, iconography. Results: the use of research materials can be both in the theory of architectural forms, and for the preservation and reconstruction of the historical environment of St. Petersburg, for the use of historical principles in new areas - analogues of historical lamps can be used as a standard in the improvement of open urban spaces, taking into account the existing scale, stylistic solutions, technological innovations
Modern use of historical architectural objects of Botanical gardening (foreign experience)
Authors: Belousova Olga
Published: May 2020

Studying the experience of European countries that have influenced the development of world botanical architecture, such as Italy, France, Belgium, Austria and Germany, in the field of restoration and use of these historical structures, can serve as a basis for choosing alternative ways of functional use of historical greenhouses in St. Petersburg. A historical analysis of changes in the basic function of greenhouses has been carried out, which allowed us to identify two groups of causes: global and local. The beginning of active work on the restoration and reconstruction of historical greenhouses, as well as options for their adaptation to modern conditions. 64 historical greenhouses located on the territory of botanical gardens, as well as on the territory of palace and park ensembles, estates and villas of selected European countries were considered for modern use. This allowed us to distinguish three directions of their functional use: preserving the basic botanical function; changing the basic botanical function; and combining various functions. The architectural and town- planning features of the object are considered, taking into account the location on the site, the geometric characteristics and material of the greenhouses, as well as the architectural and environmental impression, taking into account the new functional use.
Domestic schools of architectural restoration in the XX century
Authors: Shumilkin Aleksandr
Published: May 2020

One of the aspects of the development of Russian architectural restoration in the twentieth century was the selection and formation of regional architectural restoration schools. The purpose of the study: to identify the features of the leading schools of Russian architectural restoration in the twentieth century. Methods: a comprehensive study, comparative analysis of architectural and restoration practices of Moscow, Novgorod, Vladimir-Suzdal, Leningrad, Pskov restoration schools based on the generalization of bibliographic material. Results: the role of architectural and restoration schools in the development of scientific theory and practice of restoration in the twentieth century is Revealed.the features of restoration techniques and methodological approaches of Moscow, Novgorod, Vladimir-Suzdal, Leningrad, Pskov restoration schools are Analyzed. The influence of the typological and architectural and artistic context, the degree of its preservation, on the specifics of architectural and restoration activities of individual schools is revealed. The prevailing types of restoration (integral, fragmentary, compromise, synthetic) at the main stages of formation of domestic restoration schools are determined.
Theory of architectural morphogenesis (to the development of ideas of the phenomenological school)
Authors: Yankovskaya Yuliya , Zavarikhin Svetozar , Kurbatov Yuryi , Pukharenko Yuryi
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the historical and architectural aspect of the development of ideas about morphogenesis in architecture and built environment. The paper emphasizes the role and place of the phenomenological area of Russian architectural studies and its influence on the development of formative concepts. A certain innovation is the separation of two branches in the theory of morphogenesis: compositional and phenomenological. The phenomenological concept is considered in the development of ideas of A.G. Gabrichevsky.