bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Blood Concentrations of Interleukin-12 are Associated with a Longer Survival in Untreatable Metastatic Solid Tumor Patients: Preliminary Observations
Authors: Lissoni P. , Rovelli F. , Fumagalli L. , Mauri E. , Barni S. , Tancini G.
Published: April 2018

IL-2 and IL-12 are the main antitumor cytokines in humans. Endogenous IL-2 production is generally low in metastatic cancer patients. In contrast, preliminary data suggest a possible increased secretion of IL-12 in a subgroup of metastatic cancer patients, of which the prognostic significance is still to be established. This preliminary study was performed to investigate the survival time in relation to IL-12 blood levels in patients with untreatable metastatic solid tumors. The study included 40 patients (lung cancer: 16; gastrointestinal tumors: 24). Abnormally elevated serum levels of IL-12 were observed in 15/40 (37%) patients, without any apparent relation with tumor histotype. The 1-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with elevated IL-12 baseline values than in those with normal concentrations (8/15 vs 3/25, p < 0.01). The results of this preliminary study, which need to be confirmed in a greater number of patients by monitoring the clinical course of the neoplastic disease, seem to suggest that abnormally high baseline serum levels of the antitumor cytokine IL-12 may have a favorable prognostic significance, as they appear to be associated with a longer survival time.
PSA and Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Modoni S. , Calò E. , Nardella G. , Ritrovato G. , Frusciante V.
Published: April 2018

The authors evaluate the role of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and bone scintigraphy in the follow-up of radical prostatectomy-treated and radiotherapy-treated patients. 784 patients were evaluated by simultaneous PSA assay and bone scans. The correlation between PSA levels and extension of bone metastases was good. The frequency of extraskeletal metastases was low: only 13 patients had soft tissue metastases without bone involvement and 33/138 patients with bone metastases had also extraskeletal metastases.

The results underline the importance of PSA and the possibility to omit bone scan when the PSA level is below 8 ng/ml in patients who did not undergo anti-androgenic treatments.
The Diagnostic Value of Pretreatment Serum LDH in Patients with Limited Disease Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Stokkel M.P.M. , Van Eck-Smit B.L.F. , Zwinderman A.H. , Willems L.N.A. , Pauwels E.K.J.
Published: April 2018

Background

In patients with limited disease SCLC, the overall survival is still poor. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed involving 48 patients with limited disease SCLC to select a parameter which can identify prognostic subgroups at the time of diagnosis.

Materials and methods

Follow-up ranged from 3 to 96 months, during which period 38 patients died. Based on clinical outcome, patients were classified into 3 groups: complete remission (CR) (n=16), local recurrence (LOC) (n=7) and distant recurrence (DIS) (n=25). Age, gender and pretreatment biochemical parameters were correlated with clinical outcome and survival. For survival 70 patients staged as having extensive disease (ED) served as a control group.

Results

No differences in survival were found in patients with LOC (14% 2-year survival) and DIS (16% 2-year survival) (p=0.67). Patients achieving a complete remission had a significantly better survival (75% two-year survival). LDH was found to be the only significant correlate of both tumor progression and survival. All patients with pretreatment LDH levels >240 U/L (n=13) had tumor recurrence. The survival rate of patients with LDH levels <240 U/L (41% 2-year survival) was much better than that of patients with LDH levels <240 U/L (8% 2-year survival) (p=0.0001). No significant difference in survival (p=0.33) was found between patients with LD and LDH <240 U/L and patients with ED and LDH >400 U/L. Patients with ED and LDH values <400 U/L showed the poorest outcome.

Conclusion

LDH may be used for the identification of prognostic subgroups in SCLC. Patients showing pretreatment LDH levels >240 U/L have an extremely high risk of tumor recurrence, while their survival is poor and comparable to that of patients staged as having extensive disease and LDH values <400 U/L.
Bladder Cancer Monitoring using two Novel Urinary Markers
Authors: Botti C. , Seregni E. , Mattioli S. , Martinetti A. , Ferrari L. , Bombardieri E.
Published: April 2018

Bladder cancer shows extreme variability in its behavior. Even the superficial forms, when surgically treated, are characterized by a high recurrence rate, and therefore regular and intensive post-treatment monitoring is an important aspect of the management of this tumor. The standard follow-up of patients with a bladder cancer history is based on cystoscopic examination of the internal bladder, which is an invasive procedure causing discomfort to the patient. In this context, the availability of a non-invasive laboratory test which measures circulating markers associated with bladder cancer could facilitate the monitoring of patients and could be of help in understanding the metastatic potential of bladder tumors, especially the superficial forms.
Concussion knowledge and experience among a sample of American adults
Authors: Waltzman Dana , Daugherty Jill
Published: April 2018

Background

Recently, there has been a strong emphasis on educating athletes, parents, coaches, and health care providers about concussions. However, not much is known about whether these efforts are affecting the general public’s level of concussion knowledge.

Purpose

To determine what is currently known among the public about concussions and where education campaigns may be targeted in order to fill in the gaps.

Methods

In order to achieve the project’s objective, CDC analyzed self-reported data from Porter Novelli’s 2017 SummerStyles survey, an annual survey of American adults aged 18 and older across the United States. The questions focused on personal concussion experiences, basic concussion knowledge, knowledge of prevention strategies, and perceived best sources of information about concussion.

Results

Analysis of the data showed that approximately 18% of respondents reported that they had personally experienced a concussion in their lifetime, and about two-thirds of these respondents were evaluated by a health care provider after their injury. In terms of concussion knowledge, the majority were aware of common causes of concussion. While 94% knew that headache was a symptom of concussion, just over half were aware that sleep problems were as well. Most respondents (>78%) correctly identified that wearing seat-belts, preventing falls, and reducing participation in contact sports were ways to prevent a concussion, while installing baby-gates across stairs was less frequently known (65.5%) as a prevention technique. Nearly all of the respondents believed that a doctor or other health professional was a good source of information about concussions. These results varied by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that even though the public has a relatively high knowledge level of concussion, targeted education is needed to teach American adults about the symptoms and ways of getting a concussion.
Therapeutic Effect of Steroids in Osmotic Demyelination of Infancy
Authors: Bansal Lalit R.
Published: April 2018

An 11-month-old male presented with acute gastroenteritis, seizures, and altered mental status. Laboratory workup revealed serum sodium of 177 mmol/L. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed reduced diffusion in the supratentorial white matter, T2 hyperintensities in the left central pons and midbrain, subacute stroke in the right occipital lobe, and bilateral cerebellar hemorrhagic infarcts. The child was presumed to have hypernatremia-induced central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. He received 5 days of high-dose methylprednisolone for persistent encephalopathy and spastic quadriparesis with rapid recovery of his cognitive function and neurological examination. The child remained seizure-free and achieved normal development at 3-month and 2-year follow-ups. Osmotic demyelination of infancy may leave children with a significant neurological deficit. For favorable neurological outcome, early steroids should be considered.
Late mortality after autologous blood or marrow transplantation in childhood: a Blood or Marrow Transplant Survivor Study-2 report
Authors: Holmqvist Anna Sällfors , Chen Yanjun , Wu Jessica , Battles Kevin , Bhatia Ravi , Francisco Liton , Hageman Lindsey , Kung Michelle , Ness Emily , Parman Mariel , Salzman Donna , Winther Jeanette Falck , Rosenthal Joseph , Forman Stephen J. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Arora Mukta , Armenian Saro H. , Bhatia Smita
Published: April 2018

Key Points

Two-year survivors of autologous BMT in childhood have a substantially increased risk of late mortality compared with the general population. There has been a significant decline in all-cause mortality in children undergoing autologous BMT over the past 3 decades.
Use of a life-size three-dimensional-printed spine model for pedicle screw instrumentation training
Authors: Park Hyun Jin , Wang Chenyu , Choi Kyung Ho , Kim Hyong Nyun
Published: April 2018

Background

Training beginners of the pedicle screw instrumentation technique in the operating room is limited because of issues related to patient safety and surgical efficiency. Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables training or simulation surgery on a real-size replica of deformed spine, which is difficult to perform in the usual cadaver or surrogate plastic models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational effect of using a real-size 3D-printed spine model for training beginners of the free-hand pedicle screw instrumentation technique. We asked whether the use of a 3D spine model can improve (1) screw instrumentation accuracy and (2) length of procedure.

Methods

Twenty life-size 3D-printed lumbar spine models were made from 10 volunteers (two models for each volunteer). Two novice surgeons who had no experience of free-hand pedicle screw instrumentation technique were instructed by an experienced surgeon, and each surgeon inserted 10 pedicle screws for each lumbar spine model. Computed tomography scans of the spine models were obtained to evaluate screw instrumentation accuracy. The length of time in completing the procedure was recorded. The results of the latter 10 spine models were compared with those of the former 10 models to evaluate learning effect.

Results

A total of 37/200 screws (18.5%) perforated the pedicle cortex with a mean of 1.7 mm (range, 1.2–3.3 mm). However, the latter half of the models had significantly less violation than the former half (10/100 vs. 27/100, p < 0.001). The mean length of time to complete 10 pedicle screw instrumentations in a spine model was 42.8 ± 5.3 min for the former 10 spine models and 35.6 ± 2.9 min for the latter 10 spine models. The latter 10 spine models had significantly less time than the former 10 models (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

A life-size 3D-printed spine model can be an excellent tool for training beginners of the free-hand pedicle screw instrumentation.
Prevalence, identification of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy products
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Safarpoor Dehkordi Farhad , Sakhaei Shahreza Mohammad Hossein , Rahimi Ebrahim
Published: April 2018

Background

Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli strains are one of the most important foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance. Foodborne STEC strains are mainly associated with presence of certain virulence factors and O-seogroups. The present investigation was done to study the distribution of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from milk and dairy products.

Methods

Six-hundred samples were randomly collected and immediately transferred to laboratory. All samples were cultured and E. coli strains were isolated. STEC strains were identified based on the presence of putative virulence factors and subtypes. STEC isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR and disk diffusion methods.

Results

One-hundred and eighty-one out of 600 samples (30.16%) harbored E. coli. Prevalence of STEC strains was 10.66%. O157 (43.75%) and O26 (37.50%) were the most frequently identified serogroups. Aac(3)-IV (100%), CITM (96.87%) and tetA (76.56%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. STEC strains had the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (100%) and tetracycline (96.87%).

Conclusions

Kashk and dough were negative for presence of E. coli strains. High prevalence of resistant-O157 strains and simultaneous presence of multiple virulence factors pose an important public health problem regarding the consumption of raw milk and dairy products.
Reform of mental health services in Eastern Europe and former Soviet republics: progress and challenges since 2005
Authors: Muijen Matt , McCulloch Andrew
Published: April 2018

For over a decade, concerted efforts have been made in Europe to reform mental health services and move away from institutions to community-based models of care, supported by international policy statements, good practice examples and research evidence. Progress has been uneven. So what is the status of mental healthcare across the World Health Organization European Region, and what factors support, or detract from, such progress?
Determining Bidirectional Ground Motions for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of Buildings at Far-Field Sites
Authors: Kwong N. Simon , Chopra Anil K.
Published: April 2018

The current practice for selecting bidirectional ground motions (GM pairs) to conduct nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of multistory buildings is restricted to those with a symmetric plan. To overcome such limitations, we propose selecting GM pairs to be consistent with a pair of target spectra defined along the structural axes, enabling a unique azimuth to be determined for each GM pair. We develop two new target spectra: (1) the s-GCMS for two horizontal components of GM and (2) the CMS-UHS Composite Spectrum. Based on nonlinear RHAs of buildings with both symmetric and unsymmetric plans, the CMS-UHS Composite Spectrum is shown to be the best alternative to the current practice of utilizing multiple CMSs, because it provides accurate demands with minimal computational effort and can be easily constructed using existing PSHA tools.
Seismic Performance and Evaluation of Controlled Spine Frames Applied in High-rise Buildings
Authors: Chen Xingchen , Takeuchi Toru , Matsui Ryota
Published: April 2018

A controlled spine frame system consists of moment frames and spine frames with concentrated energy-dissipating members. This system guarantees the continuous usability of buildings against Japanese Level-2 earthquake events (similar to DBE events in California), and the authors have confirmed its excellent performance in preventing damage concentration in low-rise buildings. This study further investigates the effect of diverse structural properties on the seismic performance of controlled spine frames applied in high-rise buildings. The effect of building height, yield drift of dampers, spine-to-moment frame stiffness ratio, and damper-to-moment frame stiffness ratio are illustrated in detail, and optimal values are discussed. Also, a segmented spine frame system is proposed for high-rise buildings. The simple evaluation procedure proposed by the authors for low-rise buildings, based on equivalent linearization techniques and response spectrum analyses, was modified to include higher-mode effects for high-rise buildings based on modal analysis. The modified evaluation method was verified by modal pushover and time-history analyses.
Testing of 17 Identical Ductile Reinforced Concrete Beams with Various Loading Protocols and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Marder Kai , Motter Christopher , Elwood Kenneth J. , Clifton G. Charles
Published: April 2018

A set of tests on 17 large-scale, nominally identical, beam specimens with variations in loading protocol, loading rate, and restraint to axial elongation are described. Three specimens were also repaired by epoxy injection following an initial damaging earthquake loading. This paper provides a detailed description of the test program, and the corresponding data are made available at Design-Safe (DOI: 10.17603/DS2SQ2K). While the primary goal of the test program was to improve the state of knowledge regarding the post-earthquake residual capacity of reinforced concrete plastic hinges in beams, the data are useful for modeling approaches that consider loading rate, plastic hinge elongation, cyclic degradation, and flexure–shear–axial interaction, in addition to investigating the effectiveness of post-earthquake repair techniques by epoxy injection of cracks.
Effects of Long-Term Denosumab on Bone Histomorphometry and Mineralization in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Dempster David W , Brown Jacques P , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Kendler David , Rizzo Sebastien , Valter Ivo , Wagman Rachel B , Yin Xiang , Yue Susan V , Boivin Georges
Published: April 2018

Context

Denosumab is a potent antiresorptive agent that reduces fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Objective

Determine effects of up to 10 years of denosumab on bone histology, remodeling, and matrix mineralization characteristics.

Design and Setting

International, multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial [Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM)] with a long-term open-label extension.

Patients

Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (92 women in FREEDOM, 46 in extension) who provided iliac bone biopsies, including 11 who provided biopsies at multiple time points.

Interventions

FREEDOM subjects were randomized 1:1 to subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg or placebo every 6 months for 3 years. Long-term extension subjects continued receiving denosumab, open-label, for 7 additional years.

Outcomes

Bone histology, histomorphometry, matrix mineralization.

Results

Ten-year denosumab biopsies showed normal histology. Bone histomorphometry indicated normal bone structure and reduced bone remodeling after 10 years of denosumab, similar to levels after 2 and/or 3 and 5 years of denosumab. The degree of mineralization of bone was increased and mineralization heterogeneity was reduced in the denosumab years 2/3 group vs placebo. Changes in these mineralization variables progressed from years 2/3 to year 5 of denosumab, but not thereafter.

Conclusions

Denosumab for 2/3, 5, and 10 years was associated with normal histology, low bone remodeling rate, increased matrix mineralization, and lower mineralization heterogeneity compared with placebo. These variables were unchanged from year 5 to year 10. These data, in combination with the maintenance of low fracture rates for up to 10 years as previously reported with denosumab therapy, suggest that strong, prolonged remodeling inhibition does not impair bone strength.
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) – skeletal muscle response to cerebrospinal fluid from SALS patients in a rat model
Authors: Shanmukha Shruthi , Narayanappa Gayathri , Nalini Atchayaram , Alladi Phalguni Anand , Raju Trichur R.
Published: April 2018

Skeletal muscle atrophy is the most prominent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons. However, the contribution of skeletal muscle to disease progression remains elusive. Our previous studies have shown that intrathecal injection of cerebrospinal fluid from sporadic ALS patients (ALS-CSF) induces several degenerative changes in motor neurons and glia of neonatal rats. Here, we describe various pathologic events in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle following intrathecal injection of ALS-CSF. Adenosine triphosphatase staining and electron microscopic (EM) analysis revealed significant atrophy and grouping of type 2 fibres in ALS-CSF-injected rats. Profound neuromuscular junction (NMJ) damage, such as fragmentation accompanied by denervation, were revealed by α-bungarotoxin immunostaining. Altered expression of key NMJ proteins, rapsyn and calpain, was also observed by immunoblotting. In addition, EM analysis showed sarcolemmal folding, Z-line streaming, structural alterations of mitochondria and dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum. The expression of trophic factors was affected, with significant downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), marginal reduction in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). However, motor neurons might be unable to harness the enhanced levels of BDNF and GDNF, owing to impaired NMJs. We propose that ALS-CSF triggers motor neuronal degeneration, resulting in pathological changes in the skeletal muscle. Muscle damage further aggravates the motor neuronal pathology, because of the interdependency between them. This sets in a vicious cycle, leading to rapid and progressive loss of motor neurons, which could explain the relentless course of ALS.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Mitochondrial cAMP exerts positive feedback on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via the recruitment of Epac1
Authors: Szanda Gergő , Wisniewski Éva , Rajki Anikó , Spät András
Published: April 2018

We have previously demonstrated in H295R adrenocortical cells that the Ca2+-dependent production of mitochondrial cAMP (mt-cAMP) by the matrix soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC; encoded by ADCY10) is associated with enhanced aldosterone production. Here, we examined whether mitochondrial sAC and mt-cAMP fine tune mitochondrial Ca2+ metabolism to support steroidogenesis. Reduction of mt-cAMP formation resulted in decelerated mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in intact cells during K+-induced Ca2+ signalling and also in permeabilized cells exposed to elevated perimitochondrial [Ca2+]. By contrast, treatment with the membrane-permeable cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP, inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 and overexpression of sAC in the mitochondrial matrix all intensified Ca2+ uptake into the organelle. Identical mt-cAMP dependence of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was also observed in HeLa cells. Importantly, the enhancing effect of mt-cAMP on Ca2+ uptake was independent from both the mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ efflux, but was reduced by Epac1 (also known as RAPGEF3) blockade both in intact and in permeabilized cells. Finally, overexpression of sAC in the mitochondrial matrix potentiated aldosterone production implying that the observed positive feedback mechanism of mt-cAMP on mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation may have a role in the rapid initiation of steroidogenesis.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Językoznawstwo polonistyczne na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim dawniej i dziś (w 10 rocznicę powstania Wydziału Polonistyki UJ)
Authors: Rak Maciej
Published: April 2018

Polish linguistics at the Jagiellonian University then and now (on the tenth anniversary of the creation of the Faculty of Polish Studies)

The paper presents a synthesis of the history and achievements of Polish linguistics cultivated at the Jagiellonian University since the second half of the 19th century till this day. The beginnings are the first lectures which discussed the Polish language, followed by the creation of chairs, then the institute, and finally a separate Faculty of Polish Studies. The author interweaves the institutional and personal threads, and indicates the most important figures of old professors whose works were central to the development of Polish linguistics and its various fields.
Nazwy chorób epidemicznych w przeklęciach gwarowych
Authors: Buława Monika
Published: April 2018

Names of epidemic illnesses in dialectal curses

The paper is concerned with dialectal curses containing names of illnesses. Following a presentation of the units of this type that appeared in our material, a detailed analysis is given of the group of curses which use the names of epidemic illnesses: powietrze, morówka, pomór, pomorek, dżuma, pomucha (all six meaning ‘plague, pest, murrain’), and cholera (‘cholera’). The curses have been shown in a broader linguistic context which takes into account the functioning of the given name in dialects, not only as the base name of the illness, but also as an element of phraseological expressions and as a unit which undergoes the processes of semantic and word-formative derivation.
Losy projektu Wielkiego słownika gwary podhalańskiej
Authors: Okoniowa Joanna
Published: April 2018

The fate of the projected Great Dictionary of the Podhale Dialect

The author characterizes the unpublished materials for a dictionary of the Podhale dialect, and postulates the preparation of a digital edition.
Powstanie Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
Authors: Skarżyński Mirosław
Published: April 2018

The foundation of the Polish Linguistic Society

In 1924, Andrzej Gawroński, a professor at the John Casimir University, a linguist, and an Indian philologist, postulated the creation of a scientific society for linguistics. The project was accepted by the then few circles of Polish linguists, and steps have been taken toward its realization. On 31st May 1925, the founding meeting was held in Lviv and formally brought to life the Polish Linguistic Society. Based on the vestigial extant sources, this paper presents, to what degree it is possible, this episode in the history of Polish linguistics.
Prasłowiański przyrostek *-tajь w świetle materiału porównawczego
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: April 2018

The Proto-Slavic Suffix *-tajь in the Light of Comparative DataThe author considers anew the origin of the Slavic suffix *-tajь, taking into account new Tocharian data which feature the agentive suffix -tau (e.g. Toch. B. olyitau ‘boatman’ : Toch. AB olyi; Toch. B käryorttau ‘trader, merchant’ : karyor ‘buying, business negotiation’), as well as the iterative-frequentative feature of the verbal suffix *-teh₂- in the Indo-European languages. The iterative-frequentative aspect of the Indo-European suffix *-teh₂- is securely preserved in the Latin verbal system, cf. Lat. eō, īre ‘to go, walk, move, pass’, Gk. εἶμι ‘id.’ (< PIE. *h₁ei- ‘to go’) vs. Lat. itō, itāre (verbum iterativum vel intensivum) ‘to go, march’, Gk. ἰτητέον (adiectivum verbale) (< PIE. *h₁i-teh₂- ‘to go frequently’). It is suggested that the iterative-frequentative (and perhaps intensive) meaning of the suffix *-teh₂- was adopted from Indo-European verbal formations and introduced into a number of nominal forms, e.g. agent nouns (nomina agentis) with the (verbal) suffix *-teh₂-, e.g. PIE. *h₂erh₃-i̯e-ti ‘he ploughs’   PIE. *h₂erh₃-teh₂-i̯e-ti ‘he frequently (or constantly) ploughs’  PIE. *h₂erh₃-teh₂-s m. ‘a man who frequently (or constantly) ploughs the earth’, i.e. ‘ploughman, farmer’  PIE. dial. *h₂erh₃-teh₂-i̯o-s m. ‘id.’. The author concludes that the Proto-Indo-European archetype *h₂erh₃-teh₂-(i̯o)-s originally denoted ‘a person who frequently (or constantly) ploughs the earth’. Put differently, the Indo-European nominal suffix *-teh₂-, attested in certain agent nouns in Baltic, Greek, Slavic and Tocharian, was characterized by the iterative-frequentative aspect taken over from the corresponding verbs in *-teh₂-. The original semantic difference, reconstructible for the Indo-European proto-language, has been completely forgotten in most of the daughter languages. This is why the Ancient Greek noun ἀρότης m. ‘plougman, farmer’ (< PIE. *h₂erh₃-téh₂-s m.), which originally denoted ‘a person who frequently or constantly ploughs the earth’, seems to be fully synonymous with ἀροτήρ m. ‘plougman, farmer’ (< PIE. *h₂erh₃-tér-s m.) which originally indicated a man who is ploughing currently but not constantly. The same semantic difference must have existed in Baltic (e.g. Lith. artójas ‘ploughman, farmer’, OPruss. artoys ‘farmer’ vs. Lith. arėjas m. ‘plougman’, Latv. arẽjs m. ‘ploughman, farmer’), as well as in Slavic (e.g. Pol. rataj ‘ploughman, farmer’ vs. oracz m. ‘ploughman’).
Jan Baudouin de Courtenay i Aleksander Brückner
Authors: Łaziński Marek
Published: April 2018

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay and Aleksander BrücknerThe article presents the lives and mutual relations between two outstanding Polish scholars, professors of lingusistics and philology at universities in Russia and Germany at the end of the Partitions of Poland. Brückner in Berlin and Baudouin de Courtenay in Petersburg (earlier Kazan and Dorpat) can be considered amabssadors of Polish culture and research. The relations between them were a mixture of reverence and contempt, involving Baudouin’s students, Kruszewski and Ułaszyn who remained in conflict with Brückner. Their fate and the decisions made by both leading figures of Polish linguistics before, during and after the Great War of 1914–1918, show the difference in their approach to linguistic research and contemporary political issues.
Jan Baudouin de Courtenay o kwestii narodowości
Authors: Saloni Zygmunt
Published: April 2018

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay on the Problem of NationalityThe great Polish linguist Jan Baudouin de Courtenay spoke many times of the issue of nationality and problems related to it. He stated concisely: “If one strictly abides by the freedom of conscience and respect for human dignity, one may consciously not include oneself in any nationality, as well as one may consciously include oneself in and emotionally belong to two or more nationalities.” In tsarist times he promoted the idea of federalization of the Russian empire and granting autonomy to other nationalities; in independent Poland he defended the rights of national minorities. Thanks to his bold and consistent attitude, de Courtenay gained great respect among people. In 1922 he was nominated by members of national minorities as a candidate for the president of Poland. De Courtenay was particularly sensitive to confusing the concepts of nationality and citizenship.
Listy Jana Baudouina de Courtenay jako świadectwo autobiograficzne
Authors: Sękowska Elżbieta
Published: April 2018

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay’s Letters As an Autobiographic TestimonyBased on a selection of de Courtenay’s letters, the paper presents those aspects of everyday life which characterize him as a teacher, publicist, and an active participant in social and political events. Only a fragment of de Courtenay’s vast correspondence has been used. His letters made it possible to focus on less known areas of his life, such as work in various scientific centres and contacts with other linguists, but also with social activists and publishers. They show de Courtenay’s attitude towards various events through which he lived: revolution, war, change of workplace. They also allow us a peek into some of his personality traits. Letters can be treated as a source of knowledge about the cultural and social reality.
Funkcje dwukropka w polskich opracowaniach normatywnych dotyczących interpunkcji (1770–1935)
Authors: Tutak Kinga
Published: April 2018

Functions of the Colon in Polish Prescriptive Works on Punctuation (1770–1935)The paper investigates the function assigned to the colon in Polish prescriptive works on the rules of punctuation published between 1770 and 1935. Following the authors of grammar textbooks, spelling rules and punctuation treatises, three primary functions of the colon have been distinguished: the colon as an indicator of a citation, enumeration, and as an announcement of the forthcoming explanation of the previous sentence. The colon could constitute the sole signal of text delimitation, but it was also sometimes paired with the lexical environment, especially with metatextual elements. Treatises on punctuations also emphasized the role played by the colon in the rhetoric period.
Odmiany terytorialne i społeczne współczesnego języka polskiego na Ukrainie
Authors: Dzięgiel Ewa
Published: April 2018

Territorial and Societal Variants of Contemporary Polish in UkraineThe article presents various types of differentiation in contemporary Polish language in Ukraine. It focuses primarily on 1) territorial factors – dispersion over a large area and the consequent diversification of political and cultural conditions, as well as influence from different languages and Ukrainian dialects, 2) societal factors – regional (cultural) Polish of former south-eastern Kresy in urban and rural centres, and the stratification of rural Polish into separate dialects of the peasantry and nobility, 3) historical factors – the influence that the history of Polish settlement in the region exerted on the shape of local Polish dialects. Referring to her own, 25-year long experience in studying Polish in Ukraine, and also to the literature on this topic, this author verifies previous views on the territorial and societal variations of the Polish language in Ukraine and revises the related interpretations of linguistic facts (e.g. the origin of the dental ł in Polish dialects in Ukraine).
Język jako element świadomości społecznej (na przykładzie Polski po 1918 roku)
Authors: Sagan-Bielawa Mirosława
Published: April 2018

Language as an Element of the Social Consciousness (Using the Example of Poland after 1918)This paper has been inspired by social sciences. According to Stanisław Ossowski, social consciousness is the sum of ideas, opinions and convictions shared by a society. Every community has the ability to construct its own language ideologies (denoted in Polish by the term świadomość językowa ‘language awareness’). The paper describes how the part of social consciousness that is related to the language, was reflected in Polish press after the regaining of the independence. Attitudes towards variation and all the other linguistic phenomena seem to have been influenced by the previous partition of the country, and regional and political stereotypes. View of the language was based on both linguistic knowledge and the common opinion. The paper attempts to demonstrate that social consciousness consists largely of general and mutually exclusive opinions which a more detailed analysis does not support. Notwithstanding, these convictions do have an indirect influence on the development of the language.
A novel use of cement as a salvage procedure in patients with complex spinal injuries with proximal junctional failure
Authors: Divani K , Selvadurai S , Molloy S
Published: April 2018

Long-construct fixations can be complicated by proximal junctional kyphosis. In elderly, high-risk patients with numerous comorbidities, lengthy surgical times and increased blood loss associated with revision osteotomies and extension of fusions are not often tolerated and pose serious life-threatening risks. We present a salvage technique used in a patient with proximal junctional failure and demonstrate its role in improving symptoms and functionality in those not deemed fit for major surgery. Pre- and postoperative pain scores in accordance with the visual analogue scale, walking distances and radiographs were reviewed in a patient who underwent the salvage technique to ascertain the subjective and objective difference in pain and functionality. The patient showed marked improvement in pain scores and walking distances postoperatively. Additionally, the degree of proximal junctional kyphosis was lower on postoperative radiographs. While holding risks of its own, our described technique can be performed in select cases and is a good salvage procedure in high-risk patients. It prevents their exposure to the risks that accompany large revision operations and fusion models with further potential to fail. We recommend that our technique is performed only at specialist centres.
Towards the incorporation of a raised walkway at the Royal Alcázar of Seville: status and execution of the works
Authors: Atanasio Guisado Alberto , Molina Rozalem Juan Francisco
Published: April 2018

The Milanese architect Vermondo Resta arrived in Seville in the 16th century and soon became the master builder for the Alcázar, in charge of all the construction works undertaken in this royal palace dating from the Middle Ages. One of the challenges he addressed was the transformation of a fragment of the 12th century wall, which had lost its defensive function, into a double-storey gallery with views over the palace gardens. It was called the Galería del Grutesco, or Grotto Gallery. At the beginning of the 21st century arose the opportunity to restore this space to the design that Resta had conceived four centuries earlier. This article discusses the need to undertake this restoration and describes the technical solution that was proposed and recently executed.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: REFLEXÃO E EMANCIPAÇÃO
Authors: Lopes Amanda Cristina Teagno
Published: April 2018

O texto analisa o conceito  de professor reflexivo e sua superação, o conceito de intelectual crítico-reflexivo. Partindo da elaboração proposta por Donald Shön, o artigo apresenta contribuições, críticas e limitações encerradas no conceito de professor reflexivo, formulações que conduzem ao conceito de intelectual crítico-reflexivo. Em seguida, é proposta uma breve discussão sobre o significado e o sentido da reflexão, apontando-se para a necessidade de elaboração de formas de concretização, na prática, da proposta de reflexão no interior das escolas. Ao final, a análise recai sobre as possibilidades de construção de práticas de reflexão docente no contexto da escola pública, processo que demanda, além de condições de trabalho, a construção de culturas colaborativas. Faz-se necessário, portanto, humanizar os processos formativos, aproximando as pessoas e construindo ambientes favoráveis à colaboração e à reflexão, superando-se propostas que concebem a formação como um processo meramente racional e técnico.
QUAIS OS CONTRIBUTOS DA ANTROPOLOGIA PARA A COMPREENSÃO DAS SITUAÇÕES DE DEFICIÊNCIA?
Authors: Gardou Charles
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a importância da Antroplogia para pensar a questão da deficiência. Apergunta inicial é em que situação de deficiência, esta pode contribuir para abrir os nossos olhos e conduzir-nos  discernir para além da singularidade, por vezes extrema, os universos da humaninade. Tentamos em seguida mostrar que todo o pensamento neste domínio é ao mesmo tempo um pensamento sobre a sociedade, porque a deficiência  funciona como significante social, encarnando a nossa difícil relação com os outros. Por fim, procuramos demonstrar que a Antropologia ocupa um lugar de alerta para a vida das sociedades como para o funcionamento dos seus dispositivos ou sistemas sociais e educativos.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Nuances Revista
Published: April 2018

EDITORIAL
O PODER MÁGICO DA FALA: ORALIDADE E ORACIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Simões Rita Alexandra Vieira , Berg Karine Cristina Manzo
Published: April 2018

Sendo o Homem um ser naturalmente narrativo habituado a comunicar oralmente, de que forma é que esta oralidade vai ser importante no desenvolvimento de um leitor e de um escritor mais crítico e reflexivo? De que forma é que a escola, enquanto entidade formadora, trabalha e valoriza a oralidade? Será realmente desenvolvida a oracia nos primeiros anos de ensino-aprendizagem? Estas são algumas das perguntas que procuraremos responder ao longo deste artigo, propondo, no final, algumas atividades didáticas de exploração da oralidade.
ENCENANDO A LEITURA: A LEITURA, O LEITOR E A BIBLIOTECA CONSTRUÍDOS NUMA CAMPANHA PUBLICITÁRIA VEICULADA NO JORNAL
Authors: Silva Lílian Lopes Martin da , Ferreira Norma Sandra de Almeida
Published: April 2018

Elegeu-se para estudo o material relativo à recente campanha de venda de livros do Jornal Folha de São Paulo – Biblioteca Folha. Considerou-se que a mídia, de modo geral pode ser pensada como uma importante instância educativa já que a educação não se restringe à educação escolar. Considerou-se ainda que a Campanha fez circular junto à população um repertório de imagens, valores e conceitos para a Leitura. Foi nosso objetivo: 1. penetrar e dialogar com  as argumentações trazidas pela Campanha em torno da atividade de leitura, identificando as formas como a leitura, o livro, a biblioteca, a literatura e o leitor  “apareceram” imaginadas, representados, sugeridas no material coletado; 2. registrar e analisar a maneira pela qual se constituiu a Campanha, enquanto estratégia editorial para o aumento de leitores do jornal.
A LEITURA NA LITERATURA INFANTIL BRASILEIRA: A METODOLOGIA DA PERSONAGEM PROFESSOR
Authors: Pereira Maria Cecília Rizo
Published: April 2018

A LEITURA NA LITERATURA INFANTIL BRASILEIRA: A METODOLOGIA DA PERSONAGEM PROFESSOR
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES-LEITORES: AS MARCAS DE UM CAMINHO E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM UMA EDUCAÇÃO PARA A LEITURA
Authors: Souza Ana Cláudia De
Published: April 2018

A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES-LEITORES: AS MARCAS DE UM CAMINHO E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM UMA EDUCAÇÃO PARA A LEITURA
A AMAMENTAÇÃO MATERNA: UM DOS PARÂMETROS DA RELAÇÃO MÃE – CRIANÇA1
Authors: Parrat-Dayan Silvia
Published: April 2018

Este texto aborda a categoria da psicologia científica a relação mãe-criança e analisa a amamentação materna como um dos parâmetros que, antigamente assim como hoje, era considerado como constitutivo da relação mãe – criança. Trata-se de uma análise dos comportamentos maternos e das crianças ao longo da primeira infância com base na constituição histórica desta relação. À medida que o contexto sócio-cultural muda no tempo e no espaço, as atitudes maternas de integração da criança pequena a este contexto se modificam sob pressão de transformações demográficas, políticas, sociais, culturais e científicas. O método de estudo da categoria mãe-criança é duplo, ao mesmo tempo antropológico e histórico por oposição a uma linha de pesquisa que se contenta em estudar a relação “mãe-criança” segundo apenas as normas da cultura pós-industrial ocidental com suas entidades abstratas à la Durkheim ou seus tipos ideais à la Weber: a mãe, a criança.
LINGUAGENS INFANTIS: OUTRAS FORMAS DE LEITURA
Authors: Simão Márcia Buss
Published: April 2018

LINGUAGENS INFANTIS: OUTRAS FORMAS DE LEITURA
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA FORMAÇÃO CONTÍNUA EM SERVIÇO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DO PROFISSIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL1
Authors: Santos Marisa Oliveira Vicente dos
Published: April 2018

CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA FORMAÇÃO CONTÍNUA EM SERVIÇO NACONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DO PROFISSIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃOINFANTIL1
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Nuances Autor
Published: April 2018

APRESENTAÇÃO
VALORIZAÇÃO X IDENTIDADE: UM PARADOXO DA QUESTÃO MUNICIPAL NA VALORIZAÇÃO DOCENTE COM O FUNDEF
Authors: Ramos Géssica Priscila
Published: April 2018

Esse texto é baseado em parte da pesquisa “O outro lado da valorização no FUNDEF”, cujo objetivo foi buscar a análise que os professores faziam sobre a associação municipalização do ensino e valorização do magistério, possibilitada pelo FUNDEF, para a valorização docente. Fundada em um estudo de caso com professores do ensino fundamental (1ª à 4ª série) do município de Américo Brasiliense/SP, teve como um de seus recursos metodológicos as entrevistas semiestruturadas. Constam, aqui, somente alguns resultados referentes ao processo de fragmentação da categoria docente proveniente da referida associação. No caso estudado, essa associação gerou a convivência de professores de diferentes vínculos profissionais (estadual -cedido ao Município pelo Estado, por meio de Convênio- e municipal), na mesma rede municipal de 1ª à 4ª série, possibilitando a diversificação entre suas vivências e entre os “pesos e medidas” de suas valorizações.
INJUSTIÇA NA ESCOLA E GÊNERO: REPRESENTAÇÕES DE ALUNOS(AS) DE ESCOLAS PARTICULARES E PÚBLICA DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO DA CIDADE DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTESP
Authors: Mizusaki Renata Aparecida Carbone
Published: April 2018

INJUSTIÇA NA ESCOLA E GÊNERO: REPRESENTAÇÕES DEALUNOS(AS) DE ESCOLAS PARTICULARES E PÚBLICA DE ENSINOFUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO DA CIDADE DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTESP
O SIGNIFICADO DO PROJETO PEDAGÓGICO A PARTIR DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS PROFESSORES
Authors: Cervellini Filho Alberto
Published: April 2018

O SIGNIFICADO DO PROJETO PEDAGÓGICO A PARTIR DASREPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS PROFESSORES
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE INFÂNCIA: UM ESTUDO COM PAIS E EDUCADORAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Demathé Tércia Millnitz , Cordeiro Maria Helena Baptista Vilares
Published: April 2018

Fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, de Moscovici, este estudo buscou caracterizar as representações sociais sobre infância de professoras e pais de crianças de EI (Educação Infantil) de um pequeno município de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Consta de três etapas. Na primeira, as 41 professoras de EI responderam uma questão de associação livre, tendo “infância” como palavra indutora; desenharam sua imagem de infância e produziram um texto sobre ela. Na segunda, foram constituídos dois grupos focais, com cinco professoras das pré-escolas e com nove professoras das creches. A análise das falas mostrou dois eixos: a infância de ontem X a infância de hoje e as tensões família X a instituição de EI. Procurou-se compreender esta tensão na terceira etapa, investigando as representações dos pais das crianças sobre infância. A associação livre, respondida por 31 pais, mostrou que, como as professoras, eles associam a infância com brincadeira e alegria, mas, para eles, esses significados não incorporam conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento da criança pequena. O grupo focal realizado com cinco pais confirmou que as mudanças  do contexto familiar têm cerceado a liberdade das crianças, limitando suas possibilidades de brincadeiras. O excesso de preocupação que leva os pais a superprotegerem seus filhos é visto pelas professoras como falta de informação; para os pais, é resultado das informações divulgadas pela mídia. Estes não expressam a percepção da existência de tensões na relação entre as famílias e as escolas ou instituições de EI.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE INDISCIPLINA EM SALA DE AULA DOS PROFESSORES INICIANTES DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE –SP: IMPLICAÇÃOES PARA A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL
Authors: Souza Dulcinéia Beirigo de
Published: April 2018

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE INDISCIPLINA EM SALA DE AULA DOS PROFESSORES INICIANTES DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE –SP: IMPLICAÇÃOES PARA A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL
ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS: A BUSCA DE RESPOSTAS AOS DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS NA/DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA, POPULAR E DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Janial Márcia Aparecida Pinheiro
Published: April 2018

ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS: A BUSCA DE RESPOSTAS AOS DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS NA/DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA, POPULAR E DEMOCRÁTICA
QUALIDADE EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Cury Carlos Roberto Jamil
Published: April 2018

Este artigo discute o tema “qualidade da educação”, considerando as suas dimensões filosófica e legal. Aborda-se ainda a relação entre qualidade e avaliação enfatizando-se a ligação entre ambas e o fato de que as avaliações realizadas têm apresentado resultados preocupantes, que indicam ausências, falhas e distorções nos conteúdos (não) alcançados nas formas de aprendizagem. Para apontar caminhos para a superação desta situação, trabalha-se a questão do direito ao saber e o papel dos professores, assim como pontos referentes ao financiamento da educação. Por fim, ao delinear caminhos para efetivar o direito à qualidade, aponta-se a importância de uma Lei de Responsabilidade Educacional, entre outros pontos.