bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Women’s Sexuality After Hiv Diagnosis: An Integrative Literature Review / Mudanças na Sexualidade de Mulheres Após o Diagnóstico do Hiv: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Melo Geyslane Pereira de , Brandão Brígida Maria Gonçalves de Melo , Angelim Rebeca Coelho de Moura , Silva Leila Freire Leite , Abrão Fátima Maria da Silva , Costa Aurélio Molina da
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Investigar as transformações ocorridas em mulheres soropositivas frente à sua sexualidade. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo revisão integrativa, do qual foram analisados 7 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2008 e 2017, nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, Bdenf e Cuiden. Resultados: A soropositividade em mulheres influenciou na sua sexualidade ao revelar as seguintes mudanças de atitudes: se fecharam para relacionamentos; se sentiram solitárias ou desconfortáveis para conversar sobre o HIV com o parceiro; apresentaram medo de contaminar; revelou aumento da responsabilidade do uso de preservativo e da negociação com o parceiro para uso do mesmo. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o diagnóstico de HIV positivo interfere diretamente na sexualidade feminina, afetando os relacionamentos afetivos e modificando sua qualidade de vida.
Estimation of effective imaging dose and excess absolute risk of secondary cancer incidence for four‐dimensional cone‐beam computed tomography acquisition
Authors: Yuasa Yuki , Shiinoki Takehiro , Onizuka Ryota , Fujimoto Koya
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to estimate the organ equivalent dose and effective imaging dose for four‐dimensional cone‐beam computed tomography (4D‐CBCT) using a Monte Carlo simulation, and to evaluate the excess absolute risk (EAR) of secondary cancer incidence. The EGSnrc/BEAMnrc were used to simulate the on‐board imager (OBI) from the TrueBeam linear accelerator. Specifically, the OBI was modeled based on the percent depth dose and the off‐center ratio was measured using a three‐dimensional (3D) water phantom. For clinical cases, 15 lung and liver cancer patients were simulated using the EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc. The mean absorbed doses to the lung, stomach, bone marrow, esophagus, liver, thyroid, bone surface, skin, adrenal glands, gallbladder, heart, intestine, kidney, pancreas and spleen, were quantified using a treatment planning system, and the equivalent doses to each organ were calculated. Subsequently, the effective dose was calculated as the weighted sum of the equivalent dose, and the EAR of the secondary cancer incidence was determined for each organ with the use of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR) VII model. The effective doses were 3.9 ± 0.5, 15.7 ± 2.0, and 7.3 ± 0.9 mSv, for the lung, and 4.2 ± 0.6, 16.7 ± 2.4, and 7.8 ± 1.1 mSv, for the liver in the respective cases of the 3D‐CBCT (thorax, pelvis) and 4D‐CBCT modes. The lung EARs for males and females were 7.3 and 10.7 cases per million person‐years, whereas the liver EARs were 9.9 and 4.5 cases per million person‐years. The EAR increased with increasing time since radiation exposure. In clinical studies, we should use 4D‐CBCT based on consideration of the effective dose and EAR of secondary cancer incidence.
Understanding Ostwald Ripening and Surface Charging Effects in Solvothermally‐Prepared Metal Oxide–Carbon Anodes for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhang Jiao , Wu Yingqiang , Wang Wenxi , Ming Hai , Sun Qujiang , Wang Limin , Ming Jun , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: October 2019

Metal oxides synthesized by the solvothermal approach have widespread applications, while their nanostructure control remains challenging because their reaction mechanism is still not fully understood. Herein, it is demonstrated how the competitive relation between Ostwald ripening and surface charging during solvothermal synthesis is crucial to engineering high‐quality metal (oxide)–carbon nanomaterials. Using SnO2 as a case study, a new type of hollow SnO2–C hybrid nanoparticles is synthesized consisting of core–shell structured SnO2@C nanodots (which has not been previously reported). This new anode material exhibits extremely high lithium storage capacity of 1225 and 955 mAh g−1 at 200 and 500 mA g−1, respectively, and excellent cycling stability. In addition, full‐battery cells are constructed combining SnO2–C anode with Ni‐rich cathode, which can be charged to a higher voltage compared to commercial graphite anode and still demonstrate extraordinary rate performance. This study provides significant insight into the largely unexplored reaction mechanism during solvothermal synthesis, and demonstrates how such understanding can be used to achieve high‐performance metal (oxide)–C anodes for rechargeable batteries.
Self‐Assembly of MXene‐Surfactants at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: From Structured Liquids to 3D Aerogels
Authors: Shi Shaowei , Qian Bingqing , Wu Xinyu , Sun Huilou , Wang Haiqiao , Zhang Hao‐Bin , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Russell Thomas P.
Published: October 2019

2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), a class of emerging nanomaterials with intriguing properties, have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, owing to the highly hydrophilic nature of MXene nanosheets, assembly strategies of MXene at liquid–liquid interfaces have been very limited and challenging. Herein, through the cooperative assembly of MXene and amine‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane at the oil–water interface, we report the formation, assembly, and jamming of a new type MXene‐based Janus‐like nanoparticle surfactants, termed MXene‐surfactants (MXSs), which can significantly enhance the interfacial activity of MXene nanosheets. More importantly, this simple assembly strategy opens a new platform for the fabrication of functional MXene assemblies from mesoscale (e.g., structured liquids) to macroscale (e.g., aerogels), that can be used for a range of applications, including nanocomposites, electronic devices, and all‐liquid microfluidic devices.
Self‐Assembly of Hybrid Oxidant POM@Cu‐BTC for Enhanced Efficiency and Long‐Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Yayu , Zhang Jian , Yang Yulin , Qiu Lele , Xia Debin , Lin Kaifeng , Wang Jiaqi , Fan Xiao , Fan Ruiqing
Published: October 2019

The controllable oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD and improving the stability of hole‐transport materials (HTMs) layer are crucial for good performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an efficient hybrid polyoxometalate@metal–organic framework (POM@MOF) material, [Cu2(BTC)4/3(H2O)2]6[H3PMo12O40]2or POM@Cu‐BTC, for the oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD with Li‐TFSI and TBP. When POM@Cu‐BTC is introduced to the HTM layer as a dopant, the PSCs achieve a superior fill factor of 0.80 and enhanced power conversion efficiency 21.44 %, as well as improved long‐term stability in an ambient atmosphere without encapsulation. The enhanced performance is attributed to the oxidation activity of POM anions and solid‐state nanoparticles. Therefore, this research presents a facile way by using hybrid porous materials to accelerate oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD, further improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Gewinner und Verlierer des Klimawandels
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm
Published: October 2019

Die geographische Verbreitung von Tier‐ und Pflanzenarten wird ganz wesentlich vom Klima bestimmt. Veränderungen in den Temperatur‐ und Niederschlagsverhältnissen sowie in der Häufigkeit von Extremereignissen haben einen direkten Einfluss auf Jahresrhythmus, Verhalten, Fortpflanzung, Konkurrenzfähigkeit und Nahrungsbeziehungen von Arten. Hierdurch kann es zu starken Verschiebungen in deren Verbreitungsgebieten sowie in Artenzusammensetzung und Struktur ganzer Ökosysteme kommen. Schon heute sind entsprechende Entwicklungen durch zahlreiche Beobachtungen weltweit auch aus unterschiedlichsten Lebensraumtypen vom Meer bis ins Hochgebirge belegt. Dabei werden die bisher nachgewiesenen Klimaveränderungen noch deutlich geringer eingeschätzt, als das, was für die nächsten Jahrzehnten zu erwarten ist.
Three‐Dimensional Morphological Analysis of Sex, Age, and Symmetry of Proximal Femurs from Computed Tomography: Application to Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sparks Chelsea A. , Decker Summer J. , Ford Jonathan M.
Published: October 2019

The success of a total hip arthroplasty is directly related to the ability of the implant to match original femoral morphology. Given this critical relationship, we characterized normal proximal femoral morphology as it relates to sex, age, and symmetry. Sixty abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans (30 male and 30 female, ages 20–85 years old) from patients without any osseous pathology or implants were utilized. Three‐dimensional models were constructed from the CT scans using Mimics v19 (Materialize). Thirteen landmarks were placed on each femur model and yielded eight morphological measurements for each femur. Medullary cavity measurements were taken superior to, at the center of, and inferior to the lesser trochanter. Morphological measurements were analyzed by sex, age group, and left versus right. A significant difference was identified between males and females for femoral head height, inferior neck length, minimum neck diameter, neck shaft angle, mediolateral medullary cavity measurement superior to the lesser trochanter and the anteroposterior at the lesser trochanter (P < 0.05). Age was found to correlate with medullary cavity measurements. As previously identified in the literature, differences with respect to the right and left femur were not of practical significance. The results show that sex is critical in determining prosthesis fit with the examined morphological measurements of the proximal femur while age is more important with respect to the medullary cavity. It is also evident that the current practice of using one femur to approximate the opposite is a viable clinical assumption. Clin. Anat., 33:731–738, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effective Characterization of DNA Ligation Kinetics by High‐Resolution Melting Analysis
Authors: Zhu Jianming , Wang Jing , Cheng Kai , Chen Hui , An Ran , Zhang Yaping , Komiyama Makoto , Liang Xingguo
Published: October 2019

High‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis has been improved and applied for the first time to quantitative analysis of enzymatic reactions. By using the relative ratios of peak intensities of substrates and products, the quantitativity of conventional HRM analysis has been improved to allow detailed kinetic analysis. As an example, the ligation of sticky ends through the action of T4 DNA ligase has been kinetically analyzed, with comprehensive data on substrate specificity and other properties having been obtained. For the first time, the kinetic parameters (kobs and apparent Km) of sticky‐end ligation were obtained for both fully matched and mismatched sticky ends. The effect of ATP concentration on sticky‐end ligation was also investigated. The improved HRM method should also be applicable to versatile DNA‐transforming enzymes, because the only requirement is that the products have Tm values different enough from the substrates.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of New Red‐to‐NIR Emitting Donor–Acceptor Pyrene Derivatives
Authors: Merz Julia , Dietz Maximilian , Vonhausen Yvonne , Wöber Frederik , Friedrich Alexandra , Sieh Daniel , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Moos Michael , Holzapfel Marco , Lambert Christoph , Marder Todd B.
Published: October 2019

We synthesized new pyrene derivatives with strong bis(para‐methoxyphenyl)amine donors at the 2,7‐positions and n‐azaacene acceptors at the K‐region of pyrene. The compounds possess a strong intramolecular charge transfer, leading to unusual properties such as emission in the red to NIR region (700 nm), which has not been reported before for monomeric pyrenes. Detailed photophysical studies reveal very long intrinsic lifetimes of >100 ns for the new compounds, which is typical for 2,7‐substituted pyrenes but not for K‐region substituted pyrenes. The incorporation of strong donors and acceptors leads to very low reduction and oxidation potentials, and spectroelectrochemical studies show that the compounds are on the borderline between localized Robin‐Day class‐II and delocalized Robin‐Day class‐III species.
Generation of Organozinc Reagents by Nickel Diazadiene Complex Catalyzed Zinc Insertion into Aryl Sulfonates
Authors: Klein Philippe , Lechner Vivien Denise , Schimmel Tanja , Hintermann Lukas
Published: October 2019

The generation of arylzinc reagents (ArZnX) by direct insertion of zinc into the C−X bond of ArX electrophiles has typically been restricted to iodides and bromides. The insertions of zinc dust into the C−O bonds of various aryl sulfonates (tosylates, mesylates, triflates, sulfamates), or into the C−X bonds of other moderate electrophiles (X=Cl, SMe) are catalyzed by a simple NiCl2–1,4‐diazadiene catalyst system, in which 1,4‐diazadiene (DAD) stands for diacetyl diimines, phenanthroline, bipyridine and related ligands. Catalytic zincation in DMF or NMP solution at room temperature now provides arylzinc sulfonates, which undergo typical catalytic cross‐coupling or electrophilic substitution reactions.
Care delivery, patient experiences, and health outcomes among sexual and gender minority patients with cancer and survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Kent Erin E. , Wheldon Christopher W. , Smith Ashley Wilder , Srinivasan Shobha , Geiger Ann M.
Published: October 2019

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) face a disproportionate burden of cancer, yet little is known about the experiences and specific needs of these underserved populations in cancer care delivery. The authors conducted a scoping review to characterize the literature on cancer care delivery, health outcomes, and health care experiences for patients with cancer and survivors identifying as SGM. In total, 1176 peer‐reviewed citations were identified after a systematic search of the PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Sciences databases without restriction on publication date. The details captured included study aims, design, population, cancer site, and main findings. Thirty‐seven studies published from 1998 to 2017 met the study criteria. Most studies were conducted in the post‐treatment survivorship phase of the continuum (n = 30), and breast cancer was the most common cancer site (n = 20). There were only 2 intervention studies. The studies reviewed were classified under the following areas of focus: 1) disclosure of sexual orientation and gender identity, 2) quality of care, 3) psychosocial impact of/ adjustment to cancer, 4) social support, 5) sexual functioning, and 6) health risks/health behavior. Very little research reported an assessment of gender minority status or included a focus on gender minorities (n = 7). This review revealed substantial research gaps given a lack of population‐based data and small sample sizes, likely related to the absence of systematic collection of sexual orientation and gender identity information in the cancer care context. Deficient research in this area likely perpetuates health disparities. Further research is needed to identify and remove the barriers to delivering high‐quality care to SGM individuals with cancer.
Where Can Patients Obtain Information on the Preapproval Access Pathway to Investigational Treatment in Japan? A Survey of Patient Advocacy Organizations’ Websites
Authors: Nakada Haruka , Takashima Kyoko
Published: October 2019

Investigational treatments are those that have been approved for testing in humans but are not yet available as an approved treatment option. For many patients with a terminal illness who have no approved treatment option and are not eligible for a clinical trial, investigational treatments are the last resort. However, not much is known about the dissemination of information by patient advocacy organizations (PAOs). We evaluated the quantity and quality of information on preapproval access to investigational therapies provided by Japanese PAO websites between January 24 and March 29, 2019. A total of 49 PAOs were identified. Of these, 16 (33%) provided no relevant information. The most frequent information provided was the PAO's own clinical trial finder or list of clinical trials (n = 15, 31%); of the 10 cancer‐related PAOs, 5 (50%) provided this information. Nine (18%) PAOs had developed patient registries or provided a link to relevant registries. Only 1 PAO (2%) provided a link about the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare trials that described the process and regulations of clinical trials. Our results indicate that PAOs do not disseminate adequate information on preapproval pathways. We suggest that the government involve PAOs in disseminating this information to both patients and physicians.
General practitioner and mental healthcare use in a community sample of people with diagnostic threshold symptoms of bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and other eating disorders
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Ghabrial Brittany , Mannan Haider , Conti Janet , Gonzalez‐Chica David , Stocks Nigel , Heriseanu Andreea , Touyz Stephen
Published: October 2019

Objective

Lengthy delays in receiving treatment have been reported for people with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge‐eating disorder (BED). This study aimed to investigate healthcare use and predictors of mental health specialist healthcare use in a community sample of individuals with diagnostic threshold symptoms of BN, BED‐Broad, or another eating disorder (Other ED).

Method

In 2017, 2,977 individuals aged ≥15 years were interviewed in a general population survey. Participants were asked questions relating to sociodemographic, ED symptoms, other clinical features, and healthcare use data. Assessment of ED symptoms was based on diagnostic questions derived from the eating disorder examination.

Results

Thirty‐six participants with symptoms of BN, 33 participants with BED‐Broad, and 369 with an Other ED were identified. Fewer people with symptoms of BN/BED‐Broad (23%) or an Other ED (6%) had treatment from a mental health specialist than from a general practitioner (GP; 80%, 71.6%). Healthcare use differed significantly across type of ED only for treatment from a mental health specialist. In multivariate analyses, being asked about a person's mental health by a GP was the best explanatory variable for receiving treatment from a mental health specialist.

Discussion

A large treatment gap exists in healthcare for people with EDs. Inquiry about an individual's mental health by a GP was associated with higher rates of treatment from mental health specialists. However, a similar diet/eating inquiry did not have this association. Future research should consider the use of this patient and practitioner consultation in targeting improved detection of EDs.
Outcomes for elderly patients 75 years and older treated with curative intent radiotherapy for mucosal squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck
Authors: Horsley Patrick J. , Perera Lakmalie , Veness Michael J. , Stevens Mark J. , Eade Thomas N. , Back Michael , Brown Chris , Jayamanne Dasantha T.
Published: October 2019

Background

Elderly patients with mucosal squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (mHNSCC) represent a challenging clinical dilemma.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of patients ≥75 years, treated with curative‐intent radiotherapy for mHNSCC in two quaternary Sydney hospitals between 2007 and 2017.

Results

Ninety‐five patients met inclusion criteria. The median age was 79 years (75‐94). Patients received radiotherapy alone (n = 24), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (n = 22), surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 45), or surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 4). Median follow‐up was 4.5 years, median overall survival (OS) was 3.8 years, and 2‐year and 5‐year OS were 56% and 43%, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≥2 (P < .001) was a statistically significant predictor of reduced OS. Thirty‐four patients (36%) required hospitalization, 5 (5%) did not complete radiotherapy, and 9 (9%) were feeding tube dependent beyond 6 months.

Conclusions

Appropriately selected elderly patients can achieve durable outcomes from curative intent radiotherapy with acceptable treatment toxicity.
Cutaneous nevi and internal cancer risk: Results from two large prospective cohorts of US women
Authors: Li Xin , Wu Wenting , Giovannucci Edward , Stampfer Meir J. , Gao Xiang , Han Jiali
Published: October 2019

Elevated cutaneous nevus number has been linked to longer telomeres. Recently, a large systematic Mendelian randomization study identified a significant positive association between telomere length and risk of cancer. Here, we hypothesized that higher nevus count, as a phenotypic marker of longer telomere, may be associated with increased risk of internal cancer, and prospectively examined the association between nevus count and total as well as site‐specific cancer risk among participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1986–2012) and the Nurses’ Health Study 2 (NHS2, 1989–2013) using Cox proportional hazards models. During 3,900,264 person‐years of follow‐up, we documented a total of 23,004 internal cancer cases (15,484 in the NHS and 7,520 in the NHS2). Compared to participants who had no nevi, the multivariate hazard ratios of total cancer (excluding skin cancer) were 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.09) for women with 1–5 nevi, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03–1.15) for those who had 6–14 nevi and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.05–1.35) for those with 15 or more nevi (p trend <0.0001). Moreover, because nevus count has been associated with risk of breast cancer previously, we conducted a secondary analysis by excluding breast cancer from the outcomes of interest. The results were very similar to those of our primary analysis. For individual cancer, most of the associations with nevus count were positive but not statistically significant. In conclusion, we identified the number of cutaneous nevi as a phenotypic marker associated with internal cancer risk, which may be explained by telomere biology.
Evaluation of corneal epithelial thickness in glaucomatous patients using anterior‐segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Montorio Daniela , Cennamo Gilda , Breve Maria A. , Fiore Ugo , Reibaldi Michele , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Cennamo Giovanni
Published: October 2019

The corneal epithelium represents one of the main structures that undergo degenerative alterations due to antiglaucomatous therapy. Chronic glaucoma therapy containing benzalkonium chloride induces epithelial cellular changes and inflammatory infiltration that in turn causes ocular surface changes resulting in ocular discomfort. Also, age‐related changes can involve the tear film stability and the corneal epithelium surface with reduction of microvilli. The objective of this study is to gain insights about the changes in corneal epithelium in glaucomatous patients divided according to age, type and duration of therapy using anterior‐segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT). This study evaluated a total of 81 eyes of 42 patients for whom corneal epithelium thickness (CET) was measured in different sectors of the cornea. Our results showed no significant differences in CET among patients divided according to type and duration of treatment, while younger patients showed a thinner CET in comparison with older patients. AS‐OCT results demonstrated that the physiological age‐related alterations contributed to corneal epithelium changes in patients undergo chronic antiglaucoma therapy.
Optical investigation of three‐dimensional human skin equivalents: A pilot study
Authors: Kallepalli Akhil , McCall Blake , James David B. , Junaid Sarah , Halls James , Richardson Mark A.
Published: October 2019

Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three‐dimensional living models of human skin that are prepared in vitro by seeding cells onto an appropriate scaffold. They recreate the structure and biological behaviour of real skin, allowing the investigation of processes such as keratinocyte differentiation and interactions between the dermal and epidermal layers. However, for wider applications, their optical and mechanical properties should also replicate those of real skin. We therefore conducted a pilot study to investigate the optical properties of HSEs. We compared Monte Carlo simulations of (a) real human skin and (b) two‐layer optical models of HSEs with (c) experimental measurements of transmittance through HSE samples. The skin layers were described using a hybrid collection of optical attenuation coefficients. A linear relationship was observed between the simulations and experiments. For samples thinner than 0.5 mm, an exponential increase in detected power was observed due to fewer instances of absorption and scattering.
Extraction and identification by mass spectrometry of phenolic compounds from canola seed cake
Authors: Zardo Ivanor , Rodrigues Naira Poerner , Sarkis Júlia R , Marczak Ligia DF
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Canola oil processing generates as by‐products cakes rich in proteins, which have high nutritional value. These cakes contain an expressive amount of phenolic compounds which are important as antioxidants, but can interfere in proteins nutritional value. The aim of this work was to identify the phenolic compounds present in canola seed cake and to maximize their extraction by investigating the factors: temperature (20–70 °C), ethanol concentration in water (0–85%) and sample/solvent ratio (1:5–1:20).

RESULTS

The maximum phenolic compounds amount was obtained at 65 °C, ethanol concentration of 35% and sample/solvent ratio of 1:20. At this condition, more than 95% of these compounds were extracted from the canola seed cake. It was observed that the solvent could be re‐used for additional extractions, reducing the solvent consumption. A large number of phenolic compounds were identified (24 compounds) and quantified, including sinapic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides derivatives and major and minor sinapoyl choline derivatives.

CONCLUSION

The phenolic compounds can be easily extracted from the canola seed cake, resulting in a cake with low antinutrients content and, in contrast, an extract rich in antioxidant compounds with possible use as a natural source of antioxidants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Unexpected high‐risk pathologic features following thyroidectomy in the chinese immigrant population
Authors: Badhey Arvind K. , Moshier Erin , Jategaonkar Ameya , Wong Anni , Echanique Kristen , Chai Raymond L.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To compare rates of unexpected high‐risk pathologic features between Chinese and non‐Asian patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary academic urban medical center. Patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma from 2015 to 2017 were included. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and tumor histopathology were analyzed. Primary outcome was the presence of adverse histopathologic features such as lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or microscopic/minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE). Differences between the groups were analyzed using multivariate logistical regression analysis and propensity score‐weighted analysis.

Results

One hundred seventy‐nine patients were included: 58 Chinese‐born and 121 non‐Asian. The median age of the cohort was 47 years old (36–58). Twenty‐nine percent of patients were male, and 71% were female. There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts in rates of LVI, multifocality, extent of surgery, or presence of thyroiditis. Patients with mETE were more likely to have larger tumors (P = 0.00247). Both the multivariate and propensity‐weighted models demonstrated that Chinese ancestry was independently associated with an increased rate of unexpected mETE (adjusted prevalence ratio, 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.82–3.48).

Conclusion

mETE is significantly higher in the immigrant Chinese compared to the non‐Asian population. Given the high prevalence of unexpected mETE in the Chinese population, the added risk of this finding should be brought into the discussion during initial surgical planning.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 130:1844–1849, 2020
Expression of aquaporins in inner ear disease
Authors: Dong Sung Hwa , Kim Sung Su , Kim Sang Hoon , Yeo Seung Geun
Published: October 2019

The inner ear is responsible for hearing and balance and consists of a membranous labyrinth within a bony labyrinth. The balance structure is divided into the otolith organ that recognizes linear acceleration and the semicircular canal that is responsible for rotational movement. The cochlea is the hearing organ. The external and middle ear are covered with skin and mucosa, respectively, and the space is filled with air, whereas the inner ear is composed of endolymph and perilymph. The inner ear is a fluid‐filled sensory organ composed of hair cells with cilia on the upper part of the cells that convert changes in sound energy and balance into electric energy through the hair cells to transmit signals to the auditory nerve through synapses. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane proteins present in all species that can be roughly divided into three subfamilies according to structure and function: 1) classical AQP, 2) aquaglyceroporin, and 3) superaquaporin. Currently, the subfamily of mammalian species is known to include 13 AQP members (AQP0–AQP12). AQPs have a variety of functions depending on their structure and are related to inner ear diseases such as Meniere's disease, sensorineural hearing loss, and presbycusis. Additional studies on the relationship between the inner ear and AQPs may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of inner ear disease. Laryngoscope, 130:1532–1539, 2020
Accuracy of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) in the oral mucosa according to novel diagnostic guidelines in Japan: Classification of cytology for oral mucosal disease (JSCC, 2015)
Authors: Kondo Yuko , Oya Kaori , Sakai Manabu , Fujiwara Chisato , Tojo Fumiaki , Usami Yu , Fukuda Yasuo , Kogo Mikihiko , Kishino Mitsunobu
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Recently, the applications of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) have been extended to oral cytology, and in 2015, diagnostic guidelines having roots in the Bethesda System for oral exfoliative cytology were published by the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology (JSCC): Classification of cytology for oral mucosal disease (JSCC, 2015). Here we aimed to evaluate the applicability of LBC in the oral mucosa in accordance with the novel diagnostic guidelines.

Methods

Two preparation techniques (conventional exfoliative cytology [CEC] with LBC and LBC alone) were used in this study. Intraepithelial lesions of the oral mucosa histologically diagnosed by biopsy or resection materials were selected as samples and multiple intraepithelial lesions in a single patient were counted. Deep‐seated lesions under the oral mucosa were excluded. The performance of cytological diagnosis was evaluated in each technique by comparing cytological diagnoses with histological diagnoses in accordance with the diagnostic guidelines.

Results

The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of cytological diagnosis in CEC with LBC were 61%, 73%, 86%, 41%, and 64% (P ≤ .023), respectively. For LBC alone, these values were 55%, 79%, 92%, 29%, and 60% (P ≤ .024), respectively. The rates of inadequate samples were 0.83% for CEC with LBC and 1.2% for LBC alone against whole samples.

Conclusion

LBC showed good specificity, positive predictive value, and low rate of inadequate specimen, so it was suitable for oral cytology. The data used for this study reflect a large contribution in daily medical examination.
Sensitivity Analysis for Electrical Detection of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Melito Gian Marco , Badeli Vahid , Reinbacher-Köstinger Alice , Ellermann Katrin
Published: October 2019

In medical and patient‐specific applications, uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis are indispensable in the process of diagnosis and decision‐making. For the identification of an aortic dissection, a 3D FEM model is used to simulate an appropriate measurement setup. Based on this model, a method to evaluate the uncertainty distribution of a pre‐defined parameter set is proposed. In particular, sensitivity analysis is divided into two steps. The first step involves an initial screening using the Morris method. In the second step, a sensitivity analysis is performed through a variance‐based setting. Here, Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) surrogate model is used. Subsequent post‐processing on the study allows the computation of the representative sensitivity indices.
Optimal feedforward control of hydraulic drive systems with long pipelines
Authors: Pietschnig Christopher , Marko Lukas , Kemmetmüller Wolfgang , Kugi Andreas
Published: October 2019

Hydraulic drives are used in many technical systems, ranging from automotive and aerospace applications to industrial production systems. They provide high forces and torques at a compact design. The typical setup of hydraulic drive systems comprises a valve which controls a hydraulic cylinder or motor. In many practical applications, the valve is connected to the hydraulic cylinder via hydraulic pipelines, whose length can amount to several meters. Typically, the distributed‐parameter characteristics of these pipelines is not considered in the controller design. For very fast operation scenarios, wave effects can be excited which may cause a significant reduction of the control accuracy or even lead to instability of the closed‐loop system. In this paper, a model‐based control strategy is proposed which allows to systematically account for long pipelines. One main element is the spatial discretization of the partial differential equations of the pipelines by means of the spectral elemental method (SEM), which yields a low‐dimensional, but yet accurate model. Based on this model, an optimal feedforward control strategy is developed, which also enables to take into account actuator constraints. The resulting optimal control problem is efficiently solved on a moving horizon, resulting in a real‐time capable moving horizon trajectory planning strategy. An observer is added to account for uncertain model parameters. The high potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated in simulation by applying the method to the actuation system of a looper in a hot strip rolling mill.
Nonlinear Finite Element Study of Beams with Elasto‐Plastic Damage Behavior in the Post‐Buckling Regime
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Todt Melanie , Pettermann Heinz E.
Published: October 2019

Lattice structures with low density tend to localize under compressive loading. The localizations start in a single cell band due to buckling of the beams and lead to compaction of the cells. To identify an appropriate discretization and to determine the influence of damage in an elasto‐plastic material behavior two simple load cases are analyzed with the finite element (FE) method. Simulations of an axial loaded beam in the post‐buckling regime with and without damage are carried out. In addition, a triangular cell under compression with different discretizations is analyzed.
A Note on the Harmonic Extension Approach to Fractional Powers of non‐densely defined Operators
Authors: Meichsner Jan , Seifert Christian
Published: October 2019

We show to what extend fractional powers of non‐densely defined sectorial operators on Banach spaces can still be described by the harmonic extension approach.
Prediction of the mechanical behavior of recycled concrete with fresh concrete waste aggregate
Authors: Wang Qinghe , Zhang Yuzhuo , Fang Yanfeng , Zhang Yichao , Wu Fengyuan
Published: October 2019

Crushing fresh waste concrete that collects from ready‐mixed concrete plants to prepare aggregates for new concrete production reduces the carbon dioxide footprint. This study intends to predict the mechanical properties of recycled concrete with fresh concrete waste aggregate (FCWA), including compressive strength development over time, elastic modulus, and shrinkage. Current available experimental studies were first summarized to investigate the impact of FCWA incorporation on the mechanical properties of resulting concrete. Prediction expressions were proposed for compressive strength development over time for recycled concrete accounting for FCWA replacement (r) ratio. Elastic modulus and shrinkage prediction models were theoretically derived for recycled concrete accounting for the residual cement paste content (CRCP) of FCWA and benchmarked against available experimental results. Results showed that concrete decreased its mechanical properties with increasing FCWA r ratio. 35.7‐58.7% reductions in the compressive strength and 36–55% reductions in the elastic modulus for FCWA concrete could be observed, while 66–108% increases in the shrinkage could be obtained for concrete with FCWA r ratio of 30%. The models proposed in this study well predicted the mechanical properties for FCWA concrete.
Assessing Intercultural Competence in Teacher Education: A Missing Link
Authors: Thapa Sapna
Published: October 2019

This chapter discusses the importance of developing intercultural competence as a foundational strategy in teacher education. The primary argument asserts that specific, mandated-content assessments do not help newly trained teachers to develop skills and knowledge related to thoughtfulness, criticality, cultural responsiveness, and caring for the young individuals with whom they work. The author attributes this to the lack of intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication in teacher education discourses. Researchers suggest that caring in schools and other such institutions have diminished as there are distinct gaps in the relationships between teachers and culturally diverse students causing these students to fall out of the school systems. The chapter informs about the need to equip teachers with intercultural sensitivities and intercultural communication skills to help them navigate the changing demographics in classrooms. Finally, it provides some insight into discovering missing links in teaching and pedagogical approaches and offers some strategies for bridging the ever-widening intercultural gaps.
Quantitative trait loci and differential gene expression analyses reveal the genetic basis for negatively associated β-carotene and starch content in hexaploid sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]
Authors: Gemenet Dorcus C. , da Silva Pereira Guilherme , De Boeck Bert , Wood Joshua C. , Mollinari Marcelo , Olukolu Bode A. , Diaz Federico , Mosquera Veronica , Ssali Reuben T. , David Maria , Kitavi Mercy N. , Burgos Gabriela , Felde Thomas Zum , Ghislain Marc , Carey Edward , Swanckaert Jolien , Coin Lachlan J. M. , Fei Zhangjun , Hamilton John P. , Yada Benard , Yencho G. Craig , Zeng Zhao-Bang , Mwanga Robert O. M. , Khan Awais , Gruneberg Wolfgang J. , Buell C. Robin
Published: October 2019

Key message

β-Carotene content in sweetpotato is associated with theOrangeandphytoene synthasegenes; due to physical linkage ofphytoene synthasewithsucrose synthase, β-carotene and starch content are negatively correlated.

In populations depending on sweetpotato for food security, starch is an important source of calories, while β-carotene is an important source of provitamin A. The negative association between the two traits contributes to the low nutritional quality of sweetpotato consumed, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a biparental mapping population of 315 F1progeny generated from a cross between an orange-fleshed and a non-orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety, we identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage group (LG) three (LG3) and twelve (LG12) affecting starch, β-carotene, and their correlated traits, dry matter and flesh color. Analysis of parental haplotypes indicated that these two regions acted pleiotropically to reduce starch content and increase β-carotene in genotypes carrying the orange-fleshed parental haplotype at the LG3 locus.Phytoene synthaseandsucrose synthase,the rate-limiting and linked genes located within the QTL on LG3 involved in the carotenoid and starch biosynthesis, respectively, were differentially expressed in Beauregard versus Tanzania storage roots. TheOrangegene, the molecular switch for chromoplast biogenesis, located within the QTL on LG12 while not differentially expressed was expressed in developing roots of the parental genotypes. We conclude that these two QTL regions act together in acisandtransmanner to inhibit starch biosynthesis in amyloplasts and enhance chromoplast biogenesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and accumulation in orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Understanding the genetic basis of this negative association between starch and β-carotene will inform future sweetpotato breeding strategies targeting sweetpotato for food and nutritional security.
On social machines for algorithmic regulation
Authors: Cristianini Nello , Scantamburlo Teresa
Published: October 2019

Autonomous mechanisms have been proposed to regulate certain aspects of society and are already being used to regulate business organisations. We take seriously recent proposals for algorithmic regulation of society, and we identify the existing technologies that can be used to implement them, most of them originally introduced in business contexts. We build on the notion of ‘social machine’ and we connect it to various ongoing trends and ideas, including crowdsourced task-work, social compiler, mechanism design, reputation management systems, and social scoring. After showing how all the building blocks of algorithmic regulation are already well in place, we discuss the possible implications for human autonomy and social order. The main contribution of this paper is to identify convergent social and technical trends that are leading towards social regulation by algorithms, and to discuss the possible social, political, and ethical consequences of taking this path.
Understanding high ε-poly-l-lysine production by Streptomyces albulus using pH shock strategy in the level of transcriptomics
Authors: Pan Long , Chen Xusheng , Wang Kaifang , Mao Zhonggui
Published: October 2019

ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is a natural food preservative, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide spectra of microorganisms. The production of ε-PL was significantly enhanced by pH shock in our previous study, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. According to transcriptional and physiological analyses in this study, the mprA/B and pepD signal transduction system was first proved to be presented and activated in Streptomyces albulus M-Z18 by pH shock, which positively regulated the transcription of ε-PL synthetase (Pls) gene and enhanced the Pls activity during fermentation. Furthermore, pH shock changed the ratio of unsaturation to saturation fatty acid in the membrane through up-regulating the transcription of fatty acid desaturase genes (SAZ_RS14940, SAZ_RS14945). In addition, pH shock also enhanced the transcription of cytochrome c oxidase (SAZ_RS15070, SAZ_RS15075), ferredoxin reductase (SAZ_RS34975) and iron sulfur protein (SAZ_RS31410) genes, and finally resulted in the improvement of cell respiratory activity. As a result, pH shock was considered to influence a wide range of proteins including regulators, fatty acid desaturase, respiratory chain component, and ATP-binding cassette transporter during fermentation. These combined influences might contribute to enhanced ε-PL productivity with pH shock.
3D variable-grid full-waveform inversion on GPU
Authors: Wang Zi-Ying , Huang Jian-Ping , Liu Ding-Jin , Li Zhen-Chun , Yong Peng , Yang Zhen-Jie
Published: October 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool to reconstruct subsurface geophysical parameters with high resolution. As 3D surveys become widely implemented, corresponding 3D processing techniques are required to solve complex geological cases, while a large amount of computation is the most challenging problem. We propose an adaptive variable-grid 3D FWI on graphics processing unit devices to improve computational efficiency without losing accuracy. The irregular-grid discretization strategy is based on a dispersion relation, and the grid size adapts to depth, velocity, and frequency automatically. According to the transformed grid coordinates, we derive a modified acoustic wave equation and apply it to full wavefield simulation. The 3D variable-grid modeling is conducted on several 3D models to validate its feasibility, accuracy and efficiency. Then we apply the proposed modeling method to full-waveform inversion for source and residual wavefield propagation. It is demonstrated that the adaptive variable-grid FWI is capable of decreasing computing time and memory requirements. From the inversion results of the 3D SEG/EAGE overthrust model, our method retains inversion accuracy when recovering both thrust and channels.
The energy-critical nonlinear wave equation with an inverse-square potential
Authors: Miao Changxing , Murphy Jason , Zheng Jiqiang
Published: October 2019

We study the energy-critical nonlinear wave equation in the presence of an inverse-square potential in dimensions three and four. In the defocussing case, we prove that arbitrary initial data in the energy space lead to global solutions that scatter. In the focusing case, we prove scattering below the ground state threshold.
The Incidence of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Sørensen Jeanette , Schantz Laursen Birgitte , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Krarup Anne Lund
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Several studies have suggested that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently have symptoms of sexual dysfunction.

Aim

The current study aims to map the current knowledge about the burden of sexual dysfunction in patients with IBS.

Methods

A literature review was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE using the following search terms or combinations thereof: irritable bowel syndrome; functional colonic disease; sexual function; sexual health; sexual behavior; sexual dysfunction; dyspareunia; erectile dysfunction; quality of life; and questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measure

Sexual dysfunction.

Results

1,273 texts were found, 331 duplicates were removed, and 844 texts were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 98 full text articles. These were examined and it was found that 41 fulfilled the criteria. 4 questionnaires were found; Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire, the Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Quality of Life (IBSQOL) questionnaire, the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-36 question (IBS-36) questionnaire, and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. Subscores for sexual relations in IBS-QOL ranged from 37.7−100 (11.9) for patients with IBS and 82.2−100 (6.6) for controls. The IBSQOL and IBS-36 subscores for sexual relations ranged from 49.7−90.5 (9) to 3.9−5.4 (0.8) with no healthy controls for comparison. After interventions were implemented, there was an improvement in subscores (the IBS-QOL mean changed to 10.5%, IBSQOL mean changed to 3.8%, and the IBS-36 mean changed to 40%). The study using Arizona Sexual Experience Scale showed that 51% of patients with IBS had sexual dysfunction and also scored lower on the IBSQOL questionnaire.

Conclusion

The information about sexual dysfunction in patients with IBS is sparse and emerges primarily from quality of life questionnaires. It seems as though patients with IBS have more sexual problems compared to controls, but further investigation regarding the extent and type of sexual dysfunction is needed.