bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bs MIXING AT SLD
Authors: Lin Cheng-Ju S.
Published: April 2003

We set a preliminary 95% C.L. exclusion on the oscillation frequency of [Formula: see text] mixing using a sample of 400,000 hadronic Z0 decays collected by the SLD experiment at the SLC during the 1996-98 run. Three analyses are presented in this paper. The first analysis partially reconstructs the [Formula: see text] by combining a fully reconstructed Ds with the remaining charged B decay tracks. The second analysis selects a sample of events with a partially reconstructed charm vertex and a lepton track. The third naalysis reconstructs b-hadrons topologically and exploits the b→c cascade charge structure to determine the flavor of the b-hadron at decay. All three analyses take advantage of the large forward-backward asymmetry of the polarized [Formula: see text] decays and information in the hemisphere opposite to the reconstructed B vertex to determine the b-hadron flavor at production. The results of the three analyses are combined to exclude the following values of the [Formula: see text] oscillation frequency: Δms<7.6 ps-1 and 11.8<Δms<14.8 ps-1 at the 95% confidence level.
Measuring γ with CP-Tagged Bs and Bd Decays
Authors: PETROV ALEXEY A.
Published: April 2003

We propose a new method for measuring the CKM phase γ using the partial rates for CP-tagged Bs decays. Such an experiment could be performed at a very high luminosity symmetric e+e- collider operating at the ϒ(5S) resonance, where the [Formula: see text] state is produced in a state of definite CP. We also discuss CP-tagging in the Bd system at the ϒ(4S), where a time-dependent analysis is required to compensate for the anticipated large CP violation in [Formula: see text] mixing.
NEW RESULTS ON KLandKS RARE DECAYS BY NA48
Authors: CECCUCCI AUGUSTO
Published: April 2003

New measurements of the branching ratios KL → e+e-e+e- and K L →π0γγ are presented. The use of a target placed nearby the beginning of the decay region allows sensitive K S rare decay searches: we report a new measurement of BR(K S →γγ) and a new upper limit for the decay K S →π0e+e-.
NEUTRINO PHYSICS WITH SMALL EXTRA DIMENSIONS
Authors: NEUBERT MATTHIAS
Published: April 2003

We study neutrino physics in the context of the localized gravity model with non-factorizable metric proposed by Randall and Sundrum. Identifying the right-handed neutrino with a bulk fermion zero mode, which can be localized on the "hidden" 3-brane in the Randall-Sundrum model, we obtain naturally small Dirac neutrino masses with-out invoking a see-saw mechanism. Our model predicts a strong hierarchy of neutrino masses and generically large mixing angles.
SEMI-CONTAINED NEUTRINO EVENTS IN MACRO
Authors: NOLTY R.
Published: April 2003

Updated results are presented of low-energy [Formula: see text] neutrino interactions observed by the MACRO detector. Two analyses (of different topologies) are presented; individually, and especially in their ratio, they are inconsistent with no oscillations and consistent with maximal mixing at Δm2 of a few times 10-3.
νee(elastic) from LSND
Authors: MALIK ADAM
Published: April 2003

A measurement of the cross section for the elastic scattering of electron neutrinos on electrons was performed using the data collected with the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) at LANL. This cross section was calculated to be (10.0±1.1±1.1)× E ν×10-45 cm 2 and is used to determine the destructive interference term between the neutral-current and charged-current interactions for this reaction.
FINAL NEUTRINO OSCILLATION RESULTS FROM LSND
Authors: SUNG MYUNGKEE
Published: April 2003

The LSND experiment at Los Alamos has conducted searches for [Formula: see text] oscillations using [Formula: see text] from μ+ decay at rest and for νμ→νe oscillations using νμ from π+ decay in flight. For the [Formula: see text] search, a total excess of 83.3±21.2±12.0 events is observed with e+ energy between 20 and 60MeV. If attributed to neutrino oscillations, the most favored allowed region is a band from 0.2 to 2.0eV2.
OBSERVATION OF ANOMALOUS DIMUON EVENTS IN THE NUTEV DECAY DETECTOR
Authors: Adams T. , Alton A. , Avvakumov S. , de Barbaro L. , de Barbaro P. , Bernstein R. H. , Bodek A. , Bolton T. , Brau J. , Buchholz D. , Budd H. , Bugel L. , Conrad J. , Drucker R. B. , Fleming B. T. , Formaggio J. , Frey R. , Goldman J. , Goncharov M. , Harris D. A. , Johnson R. A. , Kim J. H. , Koutsoliotas S. , Lamm M. J. , Marsh W. , Mason D. , McDonald J. , McFarland K. S. , McNulty C. , Naples D. , Nienaber P. , Romosan A. , Sakumato W. K. , Schellman H. , Shaevitz M. H. , Spentzouris P. , Stern E. G. , Suwonjandee N. , Vakili M. , Vaitaitis A. , Yang U. K. , Yu J. , Zeller G. P. , Zimmerman E. D.
Published: April 2003

A search for the decay of long-lived neutral particles has been performed using an instrumented decay channel at the E815 (NuTeV) experiment at Fermilab. The data were examined for particles decaying into the muonic final states μμ, μe, and μπ. Three μμ events were observed over an expected background of 0.040±0.009 events; no events were observed in the other modes. No Standard Model process appears to be consistent with this observation.
SEARCHES FOR SUSY AT HERA
Authors: BRUMMER NICHOL
Published: April 2003

In supersymmetric models with R-parity violation, the [Formula: see text] coupling term allows for single production of a squark in eq fusion. Searches at HERA are presented for the production of such squarks decaying to a lepton and one or more jets.
PROTON DECAY IN SO(10) SUPERSYMMETRIC GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES
Authors: DERMÍŠEK RODOVAN
Published: April 2003

We calculate the proton lifetime in a SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified theory [SUSY GUT] with U(2) family symmetry. This model fits the low energy data, including the recent data for neutrino oscillations. We discuss the predictions of this model for the proton lifetime in light of recent SuperKamiokande results which significantly constrain the SUSY parameter space of the model.
SQUEEZED GLUON CONDENSATE AND QUARK CONFINEMENT IN THE GLOBAL COLOR MODEL OF QCD
Authors: PAVEL H.-P. , BLASCHKE D. , RÖPKE G. , PERVUSHIN V. N.
Published: April 2003

We discuss how the presence of a squeezed gluon vacuum might lead to quark confinement in the framework of the global color model of QCD. Using reduced phase space quantization of massive vector theory we construct a Lorentz-invariant and colorless squeezed gluon condensate and show that it induces a permanent, nonlocal quark interaction (delta-function in four-momentum space), which according to Munczek and Nemirovsky might lead to quark confinement. Our approach makes it possible to relate the strength of this effective confining quark interaction to the strength of the physical gluon condensate.
INSTANTON–ANTI-INSTANTON MOLECULE WITH NONZERO MODES OF QUARKS INCLUDED
Authors: ZUBKOV A. G. , DUBASOV O. V. , KERBIKOV B. O.
Published: April 2003

A straightforward algebraic derivation is carried out of light quark propagator and effective action in the instanton–anti-instanton molecule. Exact expressions are obtained which contain contributions of all quark modes. Possible implications of the results include chiral phase transition and correlation functions of mesons and baryons.
ZERO-POINT ENERGY OF A CONDUCTING SPHERICAL SHELL
Authors: ESPOSITO GIAMPIERO , YU. KAMENSHCHIK ALEXANDER , KIRSTEN KLAUS
Published: April 2003

The zero-point energy of a conducting spherical shell is evaluated by imposing boundary conditions on the potential Aμ, and on the ghost fields. The scheme requires that temporal and tangential components of Aμ perturbations should vanish at the boundary, jointly with the gauge-averaging functional, first chosen to be of the Lorentz type. Gauge invariance of such boundary conditions is then obtained provided that the ghost fields vanish at the boundary. Normal and longitudinal modes of the potential obey an entangled system of eigenvalue equations, whose solution is a linear combination of Bessel functions under the above assumptions, and with the help of the Feynman choice for a dimensionless gauge parameter. Interestingly, ghost modes cancel exactly the contribution to the Casimir energy resulting from transverse and temporal modes of Aμ, jointly with the decoupled normal mode of Aμ. Moreover, normal and longitudinal components of Aμ for the interior and the exterior problem give a result in complete agreement with the one first found by Boyer, who studied instead boundary conditions involving TE and TM modes of the electromagnetic field. The coupled eigenvalue equations for perturbative modes of the potential are also analyzed in the axial gauge, and for arbitrary values of the gauge parameter. The set of modes which contribute to the Casimir energy is then drastically changed, and comparison with the case of a flat boundary sheds some light on the key features of the Casimir energy in noncovariant gauges.
AREA PRESERVING DIFFEOMORPHISM, QUANTUM GROUP AND BERRY PHASE
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY P.
Published: April 2003

We study here the relationship between the area preserving diffeomorphism and quantum group with the deformation of symplectic structure and Berry phase in the Landau problem of 2D electron gas in a magnetic field. It is argued that while the area preserving diffeomorphism leads to the quantization of the symmetry [Formula: see text], the deformation of the symplectic structure leads to the quantization of the system having the relation Δp. Δ q=2πnℏ, n being an odd integer giving rise to the Berry phase ei2πμ with n=2μ. A possible link between the deformation parameter q of the deformed algebra [Formula: see text] with the Berry phase factor arising out of the quantization procedure has been suggested. Finally, the latticization of space associated with the quantum group and its connection with the Zp spin system is discussed.
SCALAR AND VECTOR MIXINGS IN SU(2) × U(1) MODELS
Authors: PEYRANÈRE M. C.
Published: April 2003

We study the possible mixings between gauge vector fields and scalar fields through their self-energies, arising in models with two Higgs doublets. We derive the relevant set of Schwinger–Dyson equations and the Ward identities that compel the longitudinal parts of the field propagators. A linear Rξ gauge is used and the results are given at all orders in perturbative theory, and some particular aspects of the one-loop case are stressed.
GAUGE DEPENDENCE IN CHERN–SIMONS THEORY
Authors: DILKES F. A. , MARTIN L. C. , MCKEON D. G. C. , SHERRY T. N.
Published: April 2003

We compute the contribution to the modulus of the one-loop effective action in pure non-Abelian Chern–Simons theory in an arbitrary covariant gauge. We find that the results are dependent on both the gauge parameter (α) and the metric required in the gauge fixing. A contribution arises that has not been previously encountered; it is of the form [Formula: see text]. This is possible as in three dimensions α is dimensionful. A variant of proper time regularization is used to render these integrals well behaved (although no divergences occur when the regularization is turned off at the end of the calculation). Since the original Lagrangian is unaltered in this approach, no symmetries of the classical theory are explicitly broken and ∊μλν is handled unambiguously since the system is three-dimensional at all stages of the calculation. The results are shown to be consistent with the so-called Nielsen identities which predict the explicit gauge parameter dependence using an extension of BRS symmetry. We demonstrate that this α dependence may potentially contribute to the vacuum expectation values of products of Wilson loops.
DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING IN THE EXTERNAL GRAVITATIONAL AND CONSTANT MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: INAGAKI T. , ODINTSOV S. D. , SHIL'NOV YU. I.
Published: April 2003

We investigate the effects of the external gravitational and constant magnetic fields to the dynamical symmetry breaking. As simple models of the dynamical symmetry breaking we consider the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and the supersymmetric Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (SUSY NJL) model nonminimally interacting with the external gravitational field and minimally interacting with constant magnetic field. The explicit expressions for the scalar and spinor Green functions are found to the first order in the space–time curvature and exactly for a constant magnetic field. We obtain the effective potential of the above models from the Green functions in the magnetic field in curved space–time. Calculating the effective potential numerically with the varying curvature and/or magnetic fields we show the effects of the external gravitational and magnetic fields to the phase structure of the theories. In particular, increase of the curvature in the spontaneously broken phase of the chiral symmetry due to the fixed magnetic field makes this phase to be less broken. At the same time the strong magnetic field quickly induces chiral symmetry breaking even in the presence of fixed gravitational field within the nonbroken phase.
D = 26 AND EXACT SOLUTION TO THE CONFORMAL-GAUGE TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM GRAVITY
Authors: ABE MITSUO , NAKANISHI NOBORU
Published: April 2003

The conformal-gauge two-dimensional quantum gravity is formulated in the framework of the BRS quantization and solved completely in the Heisenberg picture: all n-point Wightman functions are explicitly obtained. The field-equation anomaly is shown to exist as in other gauges, but there is no other subtlety. At the critical dimension D = 26 of the bosonic string, the field-equation anomaly is shown to be absent. However, this result is not equivalent to the statement that the conformal anomaly is proportional to D - 26. The existence of the FP-ghost number current anomaly is seen to be an illusion.
THE LAX PAIR OF A GENERALIZED THIRRING MODEL
Authors: TINEBRA FABRIZIO
Published: April 2003

The system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations called the Massive Thirring Model is reviewed. In particular it is analyzed in the chiral fermion version, which is extended by introducing a local gauge symmetry in place of the usual global symmetry. This is done by minimally coupling the fermions with a SU L(2) ⊗ SU R(2) gauge potential. Following the formalism of path integrals, we then formulate the study of chiral gauge anomalies in the quantum theory of this gauge extended model. The ultimate goal of it would be to compute the divergence of the chiral fermion current for a nonlinear anomalous theory. Actually, in this work we merely exhibit the Lax pair representation of the system of partial differential equations just derived; it holds to the first order approximation in the infinitesimal gauge parameters and coupling constants present.

Our aim is to hint a motivation in searching for explicit solutions of anomalous nonlinear gauge field theories, at least in simple cases.
LANDAU EQUATIONS AND ASYMPTOTIC OPERATION
Authors: TKACHOV F. V.
Published: April 2003

The pinched/nonpinched classification of intersections of causal singularities of propagators in Minkowski space is reconsidered in the context of the theory of asymptotic operation as a first step towards extension of the latter to non-Euclidean asymptotic regimes. A highly visual distribution-theoretic technique of singular wave fronts is tailored to the needs of the theory of Feynman diagrams. Besides a simple derivation of the usual Landau equations in the case of the conventional singularities, the technique naturally extends to other types of singularities, for example due to linear denominators in non-covariant gauges, etc. As another application, the results of Euclidean asymptotic operation are extended to a class of quasi-Euclidean asymptotic regimes in Minkowski space.
A ROTATING QUANTUM VACUUM AND THE DEPOLARIZATION PROBLEM IN STORAGE RINGS
Authors: DE LORENCI V. A. , SVAITER N. F.
Published: April 2003

We investigate how a uniformly rotating frame is defined as the rest frame of an observer rotating with constant angular velocity Ω around the z axis of an inertial frame. Assuming that this frame is a Lorentz one, we second quantize a free massless scalar field in this rotating frame and obtain a new rotating vacuum (of a massless scalar field) different from the Minkowski one. After this we consider a monopole detector interacting with the field. The radiative processes are discussed from a rotating and inertial frame point of view. Finally using this formalism, the polarization effects of electrons in circular accelerators is discussed.
COMPARISON OF APPROXIMATE AND ACCURATE METHODS IN QUARK–PION MODELS
Authors: AMOREIRA L. , FIOLHAIS M. , GOLLI B. , ROSINA M.
Published: April 2003

Accurate and approximate methods are compared in the framework of models of the nucleon with valence quarks interacting linearly with a pion cloud. In order to establish the comparison, nucleon properties are computed from model states resulting from diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, and from approximate solutions based on variational and perturbative methods.
ONE-LOOP RENORMALIZATION GROUP EQUATIONS OF THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK WITH TWO HIGGS DOUBLET
Authors: CVETIČ G. , HWANG S. S. , KIM C. S.
Published: April 2003

Using a finite energy cutoff method, we derive one-loop renormalization group equations (RGE's) for Yukawa coupling parameters of quarks and for the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets in the general framework of the Standard Model with two Higgs doublets (2HDM "type III"). In the model, the neutral-Higgs-mediated flavor-changing neutral currents are allowed but are assumed to be reasonably suppressed at low energies. The popular "type II" and "type I" models are just special cases of this framework. We then compare our RGE results with those of other authors who derived them for general (semi)simple gauge groups. We find out that our one-loop results disagree with those of Vaughn and Machacek, and agree with those of Jack and Osborn. We identify the mistakes of the former authors. We subsequently present a numerical example for the RGE flow of Yukawa coupling parameters and masses of quarks. The example shows a remarkable persistence of the suppression of the neutral-Higgs-mediated FCNC's as the energy of probes increases, in contrast to the usual expectations and reservations about this model.
A VARIATIONAL APPROACH TO THE QCD WAVEFUNCTIONAL: CALCULATION OF THE QCD β-FUNCTION
Authors: BROWN WILLIAM E. , KOGAN IAN I.
Published: April 2003

The β-function is calculated for an SU (N) Yang–Mills theory from an ansatz for the vacuum wavefunctional. Direct comparison is made with the results of calculations of the β-function of QCD. In both cases the theories are asymptotically free, the only difference being in the numerical coefficient of the β-function, which is found to be -4 from the ansatz and [Formula: see text] from other QCD calculations. This is because, due to the constraint of Gauss' law applied to the wavefunctional, some interactions between gluons (which contribute the [Formula: see text]) are omitted. The renormalisation procedure is understood in terms of "tadpole" and "horseshoe" Feynman diagrams which must be interpreted with a nonlocal propagator.
ALGEBRAS OF DISCRETE SYMMETRIES AND SUPERSYMMETRIES FOR THE SCHRÖDINGER–PAULI EQUATION
Authors: NIKITIN ANATOLY
Published: April 2003

It is shown that the Schrödinger–Pauli (SP) equation is invariant with respect to the algebra gl (4,C) provided that the vector-potential of an external field has definite parities. This invariance algebra is used to reduce the SP equation to uncoupled subsystems and to search for extended and generalized supersymmetries.
HILBERT SPACE OF ISOMORPHIC REPRESENTATIONS OF BOSONIZED CHIRAL QCD2
Authors: BELVEDERE L. V. , DO AMARAL R. L. P. G. , ROTHE K. D.
Published: April 2003

We analyze the Hilbert space structure of the isomorphic gauge noninvariant and gauge-invariant bosonized formulations of chiral QCD 2 for the particular case of the Jackiw–Rajaraman parameter a=2. The BRST subsidiary conditions are found not to provide a sufficient criterium for defining physical states in the Hilbert space and additional superselection rules must be taken into account. We examine the effect of the use of a redundant field algebra in deriving basic properties of the model. We also discuss the constraint structure of the gauge-invariant formulation and show that there are only primary constraints, and they are first-class.
QUANTUM EVOLUTION OF INHOMOGENEITIES IN CURVED SPACE
Authors: REIS H. C.
Published: April 2003

We obtain the renormalized equations of motion for matter and semiclassical gravity in an inhomogeneous space–time. We use the functional Schrödinger picture and a simple Gaussian approximation to analyze the time evolution of the λϕ4 model, and we establish the renormalizability of this nonperturbative approximation. We also show that the energy–momentum tensor in this approximation is finite once we consider the usual mass and coupling constant renormalizations, without the need of further geometrical counterterms.
SELF-DUAL VORTICES IN A MAXWELL CHERN–SIMONS MODEL WITH NONMINIMAL COUPLING
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN H. R. , CUNHA M. S. , HELAYËL-NETO J. A. , MANSSUR L. R. U. , NOGUEIRA A. L. M. A.
Published: April 2003

We find self-dual vortex solutions in a Maxwell–Chern–Simons model with anomalous magnetic moment. From a recently developed N=2 supersymmetric extension, we obtain the proper Bogomol'nyi equations together with a Higgs potential allowing both topological and nontopological phases in the theory.
RADIATIVE DECAY OF HEAVY MESONS IN A RELATIVISTIC QUARK MODEL
Authors: DAS R. K. , PANDA A. R. , SAHOO R. K.
Published: April 2003

Radiative decays of heavy vector mesons are considered in the lowest order in a field-theoretic quark model of composite hadrons. The translationally invariant hadron states required in such a calculation are described by constituent quark field operators satisfying equal time algebra and harmonic oscillator wave functions. The constituent quark field operators are Lorentz-boosted through a spin rotation to describe hadrons in motion. The model, like its earlier success in describing different hadronic phenomena, in the present investigation without any free parameters also obtains the radiative decay widths and transition moments in reasonable agreement with other theoretical calculations as well as experimental measurements.
LEADING LOGARITHMS IN FIELD THEORY
Authors: AGLIETTI UGO , CORBÒ GUIDO , TRENTADUE LUCA
Published: April 2003

We consider the Sudakov form factor in effective theories and we show that one can derive correctly the double logarithms of the original, high-energy, theory. We show that in effective theories it is possible to separate explicitly soft and hard dynamics, these being two regimes related to velocity conserving and to velocity changing operators respectively. A new effective theory is sketched which extracts the leading collinear singularities of the full theory amplitudes. Finally, we show how all leading logarithmic effects in field theory can be obtained by means of simple effective theories, where they correspond to a renormalization effect.
HEAVY MAJORANA NEUTRINOS AND BARYOGENESIS
Authors: PILAFTSIS APOSTOLOS
Published: April 2003

The scenario of baryogenesis through leptogenesis is reviewed in models involving heavy Majorana neutrinos. The various mechanisms of CP violation occurring in the out-of-equilibrium lepton-number-violating decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos are studied within a resummation approach to unstable-particle mixing. It is explicitly demonstrated how the resummation approach preserves crucial field-theoretic properties such as unitarity and CPT invariance. Predictions of representative scenarios are presented after solving numerically the Boltzmann equations describing the thermodynamic evolution of the Universe. The phenomenological consequences of loop effects of heavy Majorana neutrinos on low-energy observables, such as lepton-flavor and/or lepton-number nonconservation in τ and Z-boson decays and electron electric dipole moment, are discussed.
ZERO-POINT ENERGY OF MASSLESS SCALAR FIELDS IN THE PRESENCE OF SOFT AND SEMIHARD BOUNDARIES IN D DIMENSIONS
Authors: CARUSO F. , DE PAOLA R. , SVAITER N. F.
Published: April 2003

The renormalized energy density of a massless scalar field defined in a D-dimensional flat space–time is computed in the presence of "soft" and "semihard" boundaries, modeled by some smoothly increasing potential functions. The sign of the renormalized energy densities for these different confining situations is investigated. The dependence of this energy on D for the cases of "hard" and "soft/semihard" boundaries are compared.
THE SPECTRUM OF THE HYBRID MESONS WITH HEAVY QUARKS FROM THE BS EQUATION
Authors: CUI J. Y. , JIN H. Y. , WU J. M.
Published: April 2003

We solve the BS equation for the hybrid mesons with heavy quarks under instantaneous approximation. The kernel is chosen as the sum of a one-gluon-exchange potential and a linear confining potential. The equations are solved by the numerical method, and the spectrum of hybrid mesons [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is obtained.
CANONICAL QUANTIZATION OF THE SELF-DUAL MODEL COUPLED TO FERMIONS
Authors: GIROTTI H. O.
Published: April 2003

This paper is devoted to formulating the interaction-picture dynamics of the self-dual field minimally coupled to fermions. As a preliminary, we quantize the free self-dual model by means of the Dirac-bracket quantization procedure. The free self-dual model turns out to be a relativistically invariant quantum field theory whose excitations are identical to the physical (gauge-invariant) excitations of the free Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory.

The interacting model is also quantized through the Dirac-bracket quantization procedure. One of the self-dual field components is found not to commute, at equal times, with the fermionic fields. Hence, the formulation of the interaction-picture dynamics demands the elimination of that component. This procedure brings, in turn, two new interactions terms, which are local in space and time while nonrenormalizable by power counting. Relativistic invariance is tested in connection with the elastic fermion–fermion scattering amplitude. We prove that all the noncovariant pieces in the interaction Hamiltonian are equivalent to the covariant minimal interaction of the self-dual field with the fermions. The high-energy behavior of the self-dual field propagator confirms that the coupled theory is nonrenormalizable. The self-dual field minimally coupled to fermions bears no resemblance to the renormalizable model defined by the Maxwell–Chern–Simons field minimally coupled to fermions.
POINT-SPLITTING REGULARIZATION IN (SUPER)CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY
Authors: BAAQUIE BELAL E. , YIM KOK KEAN
Published: April 2003

The method of point-splitting regularization is applied on the two-dimensional (super)conformal field theory. This method is first used to regularize the fermionic conformal field theory and then the N=1 superconformal field theory. We obtain the correct central extensions for the conformal algebra and the N=1 superconformal algebra. We arrived at these results only after some nontrivial, but exact, cancelations among all the singular terms, as required by the consistency of the point-splitting method. In the course of our analysis, we rederive Wick's Theorem directly from the commutation equations of the fundamental fields.
INEQUIVALENT QUANTIZATION IN THE SKYRME MODEL
Authors: IKEMORI HITOSHI , KITAKADO SHINSAKU , NAKATANI HAJIME , OTSU HIDEHARU , SATO TOSHIRO
Published: April 2003

Quantum mechanics on manifolds is not unique, and in general an infinite number of inequivalent quantizations can be considered. These are specified by the induced spin and the induced gauge structures on the manifold. The configuration space of the collective mode in the Skyrme model can be identified with S3 and thus the quantization is not unique. This leads to the different predictions for the physical observables.
A QUASI-EXACTLY SOLVABLE N-BODY PROBLEM WITH THE sl(N+1) ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURE
Authors: HOU XINRUI , SHIFMAN M.
Published: April 2003

Starting from a one-particle quasi-exactly solvable system, which is characterized by an intrinsic sl (2) algebraic structure and the energy-reflection symmetry, we construct a daughter N-body Hamiltonian presenting a deformation of the Calogero model. The features of this Hamiltonian are (i) it reduces to a quadratic combination of the generators of sl (N+1); (ii) the interaction potential contains two-body terms and interaction with the force center at the origin; (iii) for quantized values of a certain cohomology parameter n it is quasi-exactly solvable, the multiplicity of states in the algebraic sector is (N+n)!/(N!n!); (iv) the energy-reflection symmetry of the parent system is preserved.
PROTON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS FROM CHIRAL DYNAMICS AND QCD CONSTRAINTS
Authors: WEBER H. J.
Published: April 2003

The spin fractions and deep inelastic lepton structure functions of the proton are analyzed using chiral field theory involving Goldstone bosons. A detailed comparison with recent chiral models sheds light on their successful description of the spin fractions of the proton as being due to neglecting helicity nonflip chiral transitions. This approximation is valid for zero mass but not for constituent quarks. Since the chiral spin fraction models with the pure spin-flip approximation reproduce the measured spin fractions of the proton, axialvector constituent-quark-Goldstone boson couplings are found to be inconsistent with the proton spin data. Initial quark valence distributions are then constructed using quark counting constraints at Bjorken x→1 and Regge behavior at x→0. Sea quark distributions predicted by chiral field theory on this basis have the correct order of magnitude and shape. The spin fractions also agree with the data.
THE ALGEBRAS OF LARGE N MATRIX MECHANICS
Authors: HALPERN M. B. , SCHWARTZ C.
Published: April 2003

Extending early work, we formulate the large N matrix mechanics of general bosonic, fermionic and supersymmetric matrix models, including Matrix theory: the Hamiltonian framework of large N matrix mechanics provides a natural setting in which to study the algebras of the large N limit, including (reduced) Lie algebras, (reduced) supersymmetry algebras and free algebras. We find in particular a broad array of new free algebras which we call symmetric Cuntz algebras, interacting symmetric Cuntz algebras, symmetric Bose/Fermi/Cuntz algebras and symmetric Cuntz superalgebras, and we discuss the role of these algebras in solving the large N theory. Most important, the interacting Cuntz algebras are associated to a set of new (hidden!) local quantities which are generically conserved only at large N. A number of other new large N phenomena are also observed, including the intrinsic nonlocality of the (reduced) trace class operators of the theory and a closely related large N field identification phenomenon which is associated to another set (this time nonlocal) of new conserved quantities at large N.
ORIGIN, PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS AND INVARIANT FORMULATION OF CLASSICAL AND OPERATOR DEFORMATIONS
Authors: SANTILLI RUGGERO MARIA
Published: April 2003

In this paper we study three aspects of generalized classical and operator theories, herein generically called deformations, which do not appear to have propagated in the rather vast literature in the field: (1) the first known studies on classical and operator deformations; (2) their rather serious physical and mathematical shortcomings due to lack of invariance when conventionally formulated; and (3) the ongoing efforts for the achievement of invariant formulations preserving the axiomatic consistency of the original theories. We begin by recalling the mathematical beauty, axiomatic consistency and experimental verifications of the special relativity at both classical and quantum levels, and its main axiomatic properties: universal invariance of the fundamental units of space and time; preservation of hermiticity-observability at all times; uniqueness and invariance of numerical predictions; and other known properties. We then review the first known, generally ignored, classical and operator deformations. We then study the generally ignored problematic aspects of classical and operator deformations in their current formulation which include: lack of invariance of the fundamental units of space and times with consequential inapplicability to real measurements; loss of observability in time; lack of uniqueness and invariance of numerical predictions; violation of causality and probability laws; and, above all, violation of Einstein's special relativity. We finally outline the generally ignored ongoing efforts for the resolutions of the above shortcomings, and show that they require the necessary use of new mathematics specifically constructed for the task. We finally present a systematic study for the identical reformulation of existing classical and operator deformations in an invariant form.
POINT-SPLITTING REGULARIZATION IN N=2 SUPERCONFORMAL FIELD THEORY
Authors: BAAQUIE BELAL E. , YIM KOK KEAN
Published: April 2003

In this paper, the method of point-splitting regularization is applied on the N=2 superconformal field theory, specifically the superconformal coset model formulated by Kazama and Suzuki. We obtain the correct central extensions for the N=2 superconformal algebra after many nontrivial cancellations among the various singular expressions. This shows the consistency of the point-splitting method in an N=2 superconformal system. In the process, we arrive at the Kazama–Suzuki conditions which govern the existence of an N=2 superconformal coset model in the N=1 coset model. In addition, we obtain a number of mathematical relations between the structure constants and the complex structure of the model, which allow us to simplify the U(1) current of the N=2 superconformal algebra. In the course of our analysis, we found that, at least in a two dimension conformal field theory, the operator product expansion of a composite current must be written in a way which conveys all the information of the commutator equations.
INTEGRAL TREATMENT FOR TIME EVOLUTION: THE GENERAL INTERACTIVITY
Authors: CASUSO E.
Published: April 2003

Assuming that the unpredictability associated with many dynamical systems is an artefact of the differential treatment of their time evolution, we propose here an integral treatment as an alternative. We make the assumption that time is two-dimensional, and that the time distribution in the past of observables characterizing the dynamical system, is some characteristic "projection" of its time distribution in the future. We show here how this method can be used to predict the time evolution of several dynamically complex systems over long time intervals. The present work can be considered as the natural next step to the assumption of nonderivability for subatomic dynamical systems to explain the connection between Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. Here we propose that matter and space–time are not only nonderivable but also show structural discontinuity. Starting with this premise we use continuity and derivability, but only as a first order approximation to reality. Extrapolation to very large or very small scales, or to predictions over long time scales for many natural systems on intermediate scales (human scales), may lead to chaotic behavior, or to nondeterministic or probabilistic theories.
ON THE FACTORIAL MOMENT ANALYSIS OF HIGH ENERGY EXPERIMENTAL DATA WITH NONINTEGER PARTITION NUMBER
Authors: CHEN GANG , LIU LIANSHOU , GAO YANMIN
Published: April 2003

It is pointed out that in doing the factorial moment analysis with noninteger partition M of phase–space, the influence of the phase–space variation of two (or more) particle correlations has to be considered carefully. In this paper this problem is studied and a systematic method is developed to minimize this influence. The efficiency and self-consistency of this method are shown using the data of 250 GeV /c π+p and K+p collisions from the NA22 experiment as example.
DOES THE WEYL ORDERING PRESCRIPTION LEAD TO THE CORRECT ENERGY LEVELS FOR THE QUANTUM PARTICLE ON THE D-DIMENSIONAL SPHERE?
Authors: NETO JORGE ANANIAS , OLIVEIRA WILSON
Published: April 2003

The energy eigenvalues of the quantum particle constrained in a surface of the sphere of D dimensions embedded in a RD+1 space are obtained by using two different procedures: in the first, we derive the Hamiltonian operator by squaring the expression of the momentum, written in Cartesian components, which satisfies the Dirac brackets between the canonical operators of this second-class system. We use the Weyl ordering prescription to construct the Hermitian operators. When D=2 we verify that there is no constant parameter in the expression of the eigenvalues energy, a result that is in agreement with the fact that an extra term would change the level spacings in the hydrogen atom; in the second procedure it is adopted the non-Abelian BFFT formalism to convert the second-class constraints into first-class ones. The non-Abelian first-class Hamiltonian operator is symmetrized by also using the Weyl ordering rule. We observe that their energy eigenvalues differ from a constant parameter when we compare with the second-class system. Thus, a conversion of the D-dimensional sphere second-class system for a first-class one does not reproduce the same values.
MULTIPLE EDGE PARTITION FUNCTIONS FOR FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL STATES
Authors: INO KAZUSUMI
Published: April 2003

We consider the multiple edge states of the Laughlin state and the Pfaffian state. These edge states are globally constrained through the operator algebra of conformal field theory in the bulk. We analyze these constraints by introducing an expression of quantum Hall state by chiral vertex operators and obtain the multiple edge partition functions by using the Verlinde formula.
CONFINEMENT IN GAUGE THEORIES FROM THE CONDENSATION OF WORLD SHEET DEFECTS IN LIOUVILLE STRING
Authors: ELLIS JOHN , MAVROMATOS N. E.
Published: April 2003

We present a Liouville-string approach to confinement in four-dimensional gauge theories, which extends previous approaches to include nonconformal theories. We consider Liouville field theory on world sheets whose boundaries are the Wilson loops of gauge theory, which exhibit vortex and spike defects. We show that world sheet vortex condensation occurs when the Wilson loop is embedded in four target–space–time dimensions, and show that this corresponds to the condensation of gauge magnetic monopoles in target–space. We also show that vortex condensation generates an effective string tension corresponding to the confinement of electric degrees of freedom. The tension is independent of the string length in a gauge theory whose electric coupling varies logarithmically with the length scale. The Liouville field is naturally interpreted as an extra target dimension, with an anti-de-Sitter (AdS) structure induced by recoil effects on the gauge monopoles, interpreted as D branes of the effective string theory. Black holes in the bulk AdS space correspond to world sheet defects, so that phases of the bulk gravitational system correspond to the different world sheet phases, and hence to different phases of the four-dimensional gauge theory. Deconfinement is associated with a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition of vortices on the Wilson-loop world sheet, corresponding in turn to a phase transition of the black holes in the bulk AdS space.
NECESSITY OF SIMULTANEOUS CO-EXISTENCE OF INSTANTANEOUS AND RETARDED INTERACTIONS IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS
Authors: CHUBYKALO ANDREW E. , VLAEV STOYAN J.
Published: April 2003

We consider the electromagnetic field of a charge moving with a constant acceleration along an axis. We find that this field obtained from the Liénard–Wiechert potentials does not satisfy Maxwell equations if one considers exclusively a retarded interaction. We show that if and only if one takes into account both retarded interaction and direct interaction (so-called "instantaneous action at a distance") the field produced by an accelerated charge satisfies Maxwell equations.
GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION FROM TRIPLE STAR SYSTEMS
Authors: MONTANARI ENRICO , CALURA MIRCO , FORTINI PIERLUIGI
Published: April 2003

We have studied the main features of the gravitational radiation generated by an astrophysical system constituting of three compact objects attracting one another (only via gravitational interaction) in such a manner that stable orbits do exist. We have limited our analysis to systems that can be treated with perturbative methods. We show the profile of the gravitational waves emitted by such systems. These results can be useful within the framework of the new gravitational astronomy which will be made feasible by means of the new generation of gravitational detectors such as LISA in a no longer far future.
BOGOMOL'NYI VORTICES FROM SEIBERG–WITTEN MONOPOLES
Authors: NASIR SAZZAD MAHMUD
Published: April 2003

The Seiberg–Witten monopole equations are studied on manifolds of type X=Σ×S2, where Σ is a Riemann surface of genus g>1. Imposing spherical symmetry on the monopole equations, Bogomol'nyi vortices on Σ are obtained. The dimensions of the two moduli spaces agree. As a consistency check, we show that all solutions to the monopole equations on X that descend to Σ are spherically symmetric. Further, Bogomol'nyi vortices on S2 are obtained as dimensional reduction of the monopole equations on S2. Finally, the Seiberg–Witten "invariant" in these cases are briefly discussed.
EXACT RENORMALIZATION GROUP EQUATION FOR SU(2) GAUGE FIELDS INTERACTING WITH MASSIVE FERMIONS
Authors: ARNONE STEFANO , PANZA ANNAMARIA
Published: April 2003

We show an application of the Wilson renormalization group (RG) method to a SU(2) gauge field theory in interaction with a massive fermion doublet. We succeed in implementing the local gauge symmetry up to one loop by choosing suitable boundary conditions to the RG equation: we require the relevant monomials not present in the classical action to satisfy the Slavnov–Taylor identities once the cutoffs are removed. In this way the so called fine-tuning problem, due to the assignation of boundary conditions in terms of the bare parameters, is avoided.

In this framework, loop expansion is equivalent to the iterative solution of the RG equation; one loop calculations are performed in order to determine whether and, if so, how much the fermionic matter modifies the infrared and ultraviolet asymptotic form of the couplings. The analysis of the infrared behavior allows to verify the regularity of the Λ-flow equation at Λ=0. Then we compute the β-function and we check gluon transversality. Finally, we outline a proof of perturbative renormalizability.
LARGE BREAKING OF ISOSPIN SYMMETRY IN AN ELECTROWEAK SU(2)L × U(1) GAUGE THEORY OF J = 0 MESONS: THE CASE OF K → ππ DECAYS
Authors: MACHET B.
Published: April 2003

K→ππ decays are investigated in the framework of the SU (2)L× U (1) gauge theory of J=0 mesons proposed in Ref. 1, to which is added an interaction between mesons respecting the two symmetries generally attributed to strong interactions, flavor symmetry and parity conservation. It is shown that the damping of the K+→π+π0 amplitude with respect to the ones of Ks→ππ results from a cancellation between the W and Z gauge bosons. The ratio of the two types of amplitudes is sensitive to the spectrum of electroweak (pseudoscalar and scalar) mass eigenstates, and in particular to the mass of the Higgs boson. In the case where scalars and pseudoscalars are degenerate, I demonstrate for the amplitudes the lower bound |Ks→π+π-/ K+→π+π0|≥1/ tan 2θW, where θW is the Weinberg angle.
THE ROLE OF $K^*_0(1430)$ IN D → PK AND τ → KPντ DECAYS
Authors: FAJFER S. , ZUPAN J.
Published: April 2003

We consider the scalar form factor in the weak current matrix element , P=π, η, η′. It obtains the contributions from the scalar meson resonance [Formula: see text] and from the scalar projection of the vector meson K*(892) resonance. We analyze decay amplitudes of the Cabibbo suppressed decays D → KP, P=π, η, η′ using the factorization approach. The form factors of the relevant matrix elements are described by assuming the dominance of nearby resonances. The annihilation contribution in these decays arises from the matrix element . All the required parameters are experimentally known except the scalar meson [Formula: see text] decay constant. We fit the decay amplitudes and we find that final state interaction improves the agreement with the experimental data. Then we extract bounds on scalar form factor parameters and compare them with the experimental data obtained in the analyses of K→πeνe and K→πμνμ. The same scalar form factor is present in the τ → KPντ decay, with P=π, η, η′. Using the obtained bounds we investigate the significance of the scalar meson form factor in the τ→ KPντ, P=π, η, η′ decay rates and spectra. We find that the [Formula: see text] scalar meson dominates in the τ→Kη′ντ decay spectrum.
COSMIC TACHYON BACKGROUND RADIATION
Authors: TOMASCHITZ ROMAN
Published: April 2003

The equilibrium statistical mechanics of a background radiation of superluminal particles is investigated, based on a vectorial wave equation for tachyons of the Proca type. The partition function, the spectral energy density, and the various thermodynamic variables of an ideal Bose gas of tachyons in an open Robertson–Walker cosmology are derived. The negative mass square in the wave equation changes the frequency scaling in the Rayleigh–Jeans law, and there are also significant changes in the low temperature regime as compared to the microwave background, in particular in the caloric and thermal equations of state.
BFT EMBEDDING OF SECOND-CLASS SYSTEMS
Authors: FLECK M. , GIROTTI H. O.
Published: April 2003

The embedding procedure of Batalin, Fradkin, and Tyutin, which allows us to convert a second-class system into a first-class one, is pushed beyond the formal level. We study nonrelativistic as well as relativistic systems. We explicitly construct, in all cases, the variables of the converted first-class theory in terms of those of the corresponding second-class one. Moreover, we only conclude about the equivalence between these two different kinds of theories after comparing their respective spectra of excitations.
TWO/THREE-FLAVOR OSCILLATION AND MSW/VACUUM OSCILLATION SOLUTION OF NEUTRINOS IN THE SO(3) GAUGE MODEL
Authors: WU YUE-LIANG
Published: April 2003

Three interesting scenarios for neutrino mixing, i.e. (i) small-large mixing scenario, (ii) nearly bi-maximal mixing scenario and (iii) three-flavor oscillation scenario, are analyzed in connection with three possible assignments of the maximal CP-violating phase after spontaneous symmetry breaking of SO(3) in the model with gauged SO(3) lepton flavor symmetry. As a consequence, it is found that the scenario (ii) is more reliable to be constructed to reconcile both solar and atmospheric neutrino data. Though three Majorana neutrino masses in all scenarios can be nearly degenerate, in the scenarios (ii) and (iii) masses of the neutrinos are allowed to be large enough to play a significant cosmological role and in the scenario (i) the fraction Ων/Ωm is bounded to be Ων/Ωm<(1.8-4.5)% for Ωm=(1.0-0.4) and h=0.6.
MESON PVV INTERACTIONS ARE DETERMINED BY QUARK LOOPS
Authors: DELBOURGO R. , LIU DONGSHENG , SCADRON M. D.
Published: April 2003

We show that all abnormal parity three-body meson interactions can be adequately described by quark loops, evaluated at zero external momentum, with couplings determined by U(Nf) symmetry. We focus primarily on radiative meson decays which involve one pseudoscalar. The agreement with experiment for nonrare decays is surprisingly good and requires very few parameters, namely the coupling constants gπqq and gρqq and some mixing angles. This agreement extends to some three-body decays that are dominated by pion pairs in a P-wave state.
ONE-LOOP EFFECTIVE MULTIGLUON LAGRANGIAN IN ARBITRARY DIMENSIONS
Authors: RODULFO E. , DELBOURGO R.
Published: April 2003

We exhibit the one-loop multigluon effective Lagrangian in any dimension for a field theory with a quasilocal background, using the background-field formalism. Specific results, including counterterms (up to 12 space–time dimensions), have been derived, applied to the Yang–Mills theory and found to be in agreement with other string-inspired approaches.