bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTROVERSIES OVER THE REDEMPTION OF THEREGISTER
Authors: Szataniak Ewa
Published: August 2019

The article presents the institution of redemption of the register - both the idea of its creation and functioning in practice. It presents the positions of its supporters as well as doubts and objections raised by critics in connection with its creation. It also shows the controversy that still arise around this institution, and how it has changed over the past dozen or so years of functioning. The author tries to answer the following questions: whether the introduction of this institution has brought the expected benefits, have the goals that have been set for this new legal regulation been achieved, whether it was possible to eliminate its defects by means of subsequent amendments to the law, refer to the allegations indicated by her opponents, and whether the creation of a separate institution announced as a solution to the basic difficulties faced by the overloaded police, actually solved them
MISSIO CANONICA AS A BASIS FOR EXISTING THE EMPLOMENT CONTRACT OF CATHOLIC CATHECHESIS
Authors: Grygutis Jakub
Published: August 2019

The subject of this article is description of the legal status of a Catholic catechesis related to entering and termination of his employment by principal of a public school. This article explains heterogeneous nature of this employment relationship and what role plays mission canonica in this matter. Moreover, the issue of termination an employment with a Catholic catechesis, who is no longer authorized by the Catholic Church to serve this function, is described along with relevant legal issues. Finally, de lege ferenda conclusions are drawn
Análise do comportamento oscilatório de gotas de fluidos de van der Waals sob condições de microgravidade usando o método Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Silva Géssica Ramos da , Torres Maicon de Paiva , Góes Marciana Lima , Souto Helio Pedro Amaral
Published: August 2019

No presente trabalho, o método Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) é utilizado na modelagem do problema bidimensional da formação de uma gota líquida, sem a presença de uma atmosfera externa, considerando um fluido de van der Waals. Além disso, também estuda-se a influência do número de Reynolds, da razão de aspecto inicial e do número de Péclet no comportamento oscilatório da gota, em condições que simulam experimentos no espaço com gravidade zero. Tendo em vista as pesquisas mais recentes na área, utiliza-se um kernel hiperbólico em todas as simulações, garantindo, assim, a formação de gotas de líquido mais uniformes, ou seja, sem aglomeração de partículas. O uso dessa função de suavização reduz a instabilidade de tensão, de modo que não é necessário empregar nenhum tratamento especial quando da aplicação do método numérico.
Water quality modeling of the São Joaquim stream, Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Julio Cesar de Souza Inácio , Esposto Murilo Senhuki
Published: August 2019

Water quality modeling is applied as a supporting tool for water quality management. It is useful in identifying environmental impacts from pollutants discharged into rivers and in predicting self-depuration capacity. This study aimed to simulate the water quality along a stretch in São Joaquim stream basin, in order to identify the main polluting sources in the stream and to propose measures to control pollution. The mathematical model, based on the mass balance in plug flow reactor, was implemented in an electronic spreadsheet. The modeling process involved the following stages: collecting the input data, calibration, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, and the generation of the scenarios. The calibration of the model has generated r2 above 0.68, and it was the indication that the model can explain most of the variance found in the measured data. The wastewater and the stream flow were considered the most sensitive parameters in the model. The uncertainty analysis has shown the probability of the dissolved-oxygen to be higher than or equal to 2 mg L-1, the minimum value allowed for the class 4, is 5.3 %. The main pollution sources in stream are the discharge of untreated domestic wastewater from São Joaquim City, and the surface runoff from the agricultural area. The study has shown that a wastewater treatment station must installed in the basin, in order to remove at least 93% of the organic matter currently discharged in the stream.
Análise física da água de entrada no sistema agroindustrial de curtume em Maringá-Paraná
Authors: Estevam Marcelo , Silva Adriano Willian da , Silva Frederico Fonseca da
Published: August 2019

A avaliação da qualidade da água é de extrema importância para a saúde dos animais, em especial, dos seres humanos. Os parâmetros físicos (condutividade elétrica, dureza total, pH, turbidez, cor aparente, gosto, odor, sólidos totais, sólidos totais dissolvidos e sólidos suspensos totais), na água indicam a qualidade, inclusive, aquela usada para o consumo humano. Por isso, a verificação destes indicadores na água de entrada e saída de umsistema agroindustrial de curtume em Maringá/PR, entre os anos de 2014 a 2017, é importante para a compreensão e estímulo a formas de controle da qualidade da água. Os resultados obtidos e analisados com base na atual legislação ambiental demonstram que a qualidade da água utilizada na agroindústria, no tocante aos parâmetros físicos, respeita as normativas ambientais vigentes, não trazendo prejuízo ao meio ambiente e demonstrando que o processo aplicado no sistema agroindustrial é eficiente sob a ótica ambiental.
Sistema web para estimativa de evapotranspiração potencial por diferentes métodos
Authors: Bortolin Taison Anderson , Santos Lucas Moraes dos , Silva Adriano Gomes da , Schneider Vania Elisabete
Published: August 2019

Um dos parâmetros do ciclo hidrológico que possui grande influência na gestão da água e na produção agrícola é a evapotranspiração. Encontrar formas de repor essa quantidade de água perdida, ao solo, é essencial, seja a partir das chuvas ou das técnicas de irrigação. Em geral, para determinar a evapotranspiração são utilizados métodos indiretos, destacando-se o de Penman-Monteith. No entanto, o método necessita de um grande número de variáveis sendo necessária a utilização de outros métodos indiretos, menos exigentes em relação aos dados requeridos. Devido a uma grande quantidade de métodos para serem comparados é interessante fazer o uso de ferramentas computacionais que permitam automatizar estes cálculos. Diante do problema, vislumbrou-se o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação web que efetua o cálculo da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) de forma automatizada, a partir de diversos métodos matemáticos encontrados na literatura. O sistema dispõe ao usuário, resultados da ETo diária (mm/mês) para um determinado período de tempo, bem como a média diária (mm/mês), para o mês, e mensal (mm/mês), para determinado mês durante o período de alguns anos, utilizando dados atualizados oriundos de estações meteorológicas operadas pelo INMET. A aplicação facilita o processo de cálculo minimizando o tempo de estimativa e contribuindo à análise dos resultados pelo usuário.
Estudo etnobotânico do conhecimento e uso de plantas medicinais em Santa Luzia, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Maria dos Milagres Monsão , Cajaiba Reinaldo Lucas , Santos Wully Barreto dos , Sousa Elson Silva de , Martins Jesuino da Silva Costa , Pereira Kleber Sales , Sousa Vilson de Almeida
Published: August 2019

O uso de plantas como medicamentos tradicionais fornece um substituto real nos serviços de saúde para as comunidades rurais. O estudo de plantas medicinais revela espécies de plantas localmente importantes, muitas vezes úteis para a descoberta de novas drogas. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o uso de plantas medicinais em Santa Luzia, Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, e avaliar os padrões sociais e econômicos em relação ao uso da fitoterapia. Os dados etnobotânicos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, nas quais participaram 53 moradores (15 homens e 38 mulheres) selecionados aleatoriamente. Um total de 123 espécies de plantas medicinais foram registradas juntamente com seus usos medicinais. Entre as famílias mais citadas, a família Fabaceae apresentou 14 espécies medicinais, seguida por Apiaceae com 7 espécies. As folhas são as partes das plantas usadas com mais frequência e a decocção, o método de preparo. Entre os principais distúrbios tratados com plantas medicinais, as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e as doenças digestivas foram as mais citadas. Os resultados das correlações entre o número de pessoas por domicílio e a idade dos entrevistados foram positivamente relacionados ao número de plantas citadas. O estudo revelou que a área abriga uma diversidade de plantas medicinais e conhecimento associado. As comunidades locais dependem de plantas medicinais para satisfazer suas necessidades básicas de saúde.
Adsorção de óleos lubrificantes em casca de arroz
Authors: Hoss Louise , Loebens Larissa , Neto Luiz Alfredo Bohlke , Quadro Maurizio Silveira , Andreazza Robson , Gadotti Gizele Ingrid
Published: August 2019

O uso de óleos lubrificantes, apesar de ter o benefício de aumentar a eficiência de equipamentos e sua vida útil, causa prejuízos ambientais pela geração de resíduos contaminados e poluição de corpos hídricos. O tratamento destes resíduos é fundamental para garantir a sanidade do meio ambiente. Em vista disso, uma solução de baixo custo é o aproveitamento de resíduos, como a casca de arroz, para utilização como meio adsorvente.  A casca de arroz foi utilizada sem pré-tratamento em tempos de reação de cinco, quinze e trinta minutos, uma, duas e quatro horas. Os experimentos foram feitos em bateladas, com relações de adsorbato/adsorvente de 5,0 mL.g-1 e de 2,0 mL.g-1. Com base nos resultados foram estabelecidas as curvas de adsorção do sistema. Foi observado que a adsorção do óleo na casca de arroz ocorre de forma rápida, sendo adsorvidos entre 65 e 70% da capacidade total do adsorvente nos primeiros cinco minutos de contato. O equilíbrio dos processos de adsorção/dessorção mostrou que a capacidade máxima de retenção de óleo na casca de arroz foi de 1,91 g.g-1 (2,20 mL.g-1). A remoção de óleo na proporção de 2,0 mL.g-1 foi de até 94%, reduzindo a concentração de óleo no efluente de 86,7 g.L-1 para 5,4 g.L-1.
Organisations- og systemudvikling i folkebibliotekerne 1900 - 2000
Authors: Evald Pierre
Published: August 2019

Artiklen formidler biblioteksarbejdets udvikling fra pionertidens manuelle arbejde over funktionsopdelingens fase frem til det teambaserede og integrerede arbejde i nutidens hybridbibliotek. Samspillet mellem humansystemet og det tekniske system er centralt i fremstillingen, og der redegøres for de forandringsagenter der har drevet udviklingen frem. Der bygges på en helhedsorienteret teknologiteori med inddragelse af forfatterens egen dialogforskning og kursusempiri om organisationsudvikling og informationsteknologisk udvikling i århundredets sidste store forandringsfase. Afsluttende manes til eftertanke over for en aktuel import af amerikanske managementteorier, og der peges i stedet på en nordisk forankret organisationstænkning.
Sprogteknologiske ressourcer til informationssøgning
Authors: Pedersen Bolette Sandford , Paggio Patrizia , Navaretta Constanza
Published: August 2019

Formålet med denne artikel er at præsentere et antal sprogteknologiske ressourcer for dansk i form af ordbaser, ontologier og wordnets for derigennem forhåbentlig at medvirke til at skabe bedre synergi med den beslægtede forskning inden for indholdsbaseret informationssøgning der pågår i biblioteksverdenen. De beskrevne sprogressourcer har alle i større eller mindre grad været anvendt til at eksperimentere med indholdsbaseret informationssøgning, og flere af komponenterne indgår i dag i kommercielle løsninger. I artiklen beskriver vi således også en række eksperimenter hvor anvendelse af sprogteknologiske ressourcer har ført til udvidet funktionalitet eller forbedrede søgeresultater. Dernæst præsenterer vi et dansk wordnet som er under udvikling ved Center for Sprogteknologi og Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab. Vi diskuterer de mest interessante og udfordrende aspekter ved wordnettet, og vi drøfter perspektiverne i denne store satsning .
Ungdomar i virtuella gemenskaper. En övning på att utveckla socialt kapital
Authors: Söndergård Pia
Published: August 2019

Arbetets övergripande målsättning var att utöka kunskapen om ungdomars Internetanvändning under fritiden. Genom observationer och intervjuer bland svenskspråkig ungdom i Finland utforskades ungdomars deltagande i den virtuella gemenskapen LunarStorm i syfte att ta reda på vilken betydelse ett sådant engagemang har i deras vardagsliv samt hur deltagandet är förankrat i deras vardagsliv och övrig Internetanvändning. Resultaten visar att förankringen är djup både vad gäller identitetsetablering och tolkning av andras identiteter. Umgänget i den virtuella gemenskapen sker i huvudsak med de egna kamraterna som får rollen, enligt Wilsons (1983) uttryck, av kognitiva auktoriteter. Vistelsen blir rutinartad och är inbäddad i en bredare Internetrutin. Aktiviteterna i gemenskapen diskuteras utgående från Nahapiets och Ghoshals (1998) dimensioner hos det sociala kapitalet. Den tes som framläggs är att LunarStorm kan betraktas som ett verktyg för att utveckla socialt kapital.
Personlighed og informationsadfærd. En introduktion til et forskningsområde
Authors: Pors Niels Ole
Published: August 2019

Artiklens emne vedrører forholdet mellem personlighed og informationsadfærd. Dette emneområde er forholdsvist nyt indenfor den biblioteks- og informationsvidenskabelige litteratur. Formålet med artiklen er at introducere, hvad der kan opfattes som et nyt forskningsområde. Artiklen har således en introduktion til psykologisk testning, hvor der lægges vægt på at diskutere forholdet mellem analyse af faktorer og facetter. Artiklen giver nogle eksempler på indenfor hvilke områder personlighedsprofiler er anvendt i den generelle biblioteks- og informationsvidenskabelige forskning. Endelig analyseres tre af de større studier, der er foretaget indenfor emnet personlighed og informationsadfærd. Konklusionen er, at personlighedstests og –profiler med fordel kan anvendes kontekstuelt i studier af informationsadfærd. Der peges generelt på både praktiske og teoretiske perspektiver, hvoraf det vigtigste er, at det af hensyn til hypotesedannelse vil være nødvendigt at kombinere kvalitative og kvantitative studier af personlighed således som dette kommer til udtryk i forskellige måleinstrumenter.
At forstå (folke)biblioteket
Authors: Eiriksson Matthias Engberg
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE:Andersen, J, Jochumsen H, Rasmussen CH (red.)(2008): At forstå biblioteket. En introduktion til teoretiske perspektiver. København: [S.l.]: Danmarks Biblioteksforening. 267 s. ISBN 978-87-90849-53-5
Efterskrift
Authors: Hjørland Birger , Høyrup Helene
Published: August 2019

Det grundlæggende perspektiv i dette nummer harværet, at fremtiden er digital (nutiden er alleredegodt på vej), og at dette stiller forskningsbibliotekerne overfor store udfordringer, fordi deres hidtidige kerneydelse: Fysisk fremskaffelse af dokumentersnart ikke længere er en funktion, der kan opretholdedem som institutioner.
Critical Theory for Library and Information Science Exploring the Social from Across the Disciplines
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE: Leckie, Gloria J., Lisa M. Given, and John E. Buschman (red.) (2010). Critical Theory for Library and Information Science: Exploring the Social fromAcross the Disciplines. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.
Informationsspecialisters informationssøgeadfærd ved sygeplejefaglige litteratursøgninger - med udgangspunkt i EBLIP
Authors: Brøndum Iben , Kristiansen Hanne Munch
Published: August 2019

Informationsspecialisters informationssøgeadfærd ved sygeplejefaglige litteratursøgninger - med udgangspunkt i EBLIP Af Iben Brøndum og Hanne Munch Kristiansen Abstract Hovedformålet med denne artikel er at afdække informationsspecialisters søgeadfærd ved litteratur søgninger indenfor sygepleje. Det undersøges, om der eksisterer fællestræk, som kan danne grundlag for systematisering af processen. Fokus er arkivering af søgeprotokoller med henblik på genbrug, graden af søgeassistance, sygeplejens egne søgeord og oversættelse til databasernes vokabularer. Gennem 10 strukturerede kvalitative interviews belyses informationsspecialisters søgeadfærd, og der analyseres søgestrategier indsamlet af interview per sonerne. På baggrund af interview og søgeprotokoller kan det konkluderes, at der på nogle punkter findes fælles træk ved sygeplejefaglig litteratursøgning. Dog træder forskellene i højere grad frem i vores afdækning, og vi finder derfor ikke, at der er tilstrækkelig grundlag for at udarbejde en systematiseret model for søgeprocessen. I stedet foreslås at arkivere søgninger på termniveau med henblik på genanvendelse.
Kolofon
Authors: Høyrup Helene
Published: August 2019

7. årgang, nr. 1, udgivet august 2011 ISSN 1604-7869 ISSN (online) 1901-1040 © Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi (tidl. Danmarks Biblioteksskole). Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion: Helene Høyrup (ansvh.) Jette Hyldegård Trine Schreiber Redaktør af dette nummer: Helene Høyrup Layout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Nils Sloth
L’héritage du postmodernisme en histoire : réflexions sur le rapport des historiens à l’exercice épistémologique1
Authors: Noël Patrick
Published: August 2019

La discipline historique, possiblement plus que les autres sciences humaines, a eu un rapport difficile avec le défi postmoderne. Après un bref tour d’horizon nécessairement schématique des réflexions sur l’impact du postmodernisme sur la discipline historique, ce texte se penche sur un problème rarement soulevé en philosophie de l’histoire que le postmodernisme est venu poser avec une nouvelle acuité, celui du rapport non pas pratique, mais théorico-discursif que les historiens entretiennent avec leur savoir : l’exercice épistémologique. Nous soutenons que si les historiens ont longtemps valorisé l’absence de cet exercice au sein de leur discipline, le défi postmoderne a amené plusieurs d’entre eux à déplorer cette absence. C’est le rapport même des historiens à l’épistémologie qui se serait infléchi sous l’impulsion du postmodernisme. Au-delà de cette inflexion discursive majeure, nous concluons qu’il serait pertinent de s’interroger davantage sur les fonctions et les fins de l’exercice épistémologique au sein de la discipline historique, interrogation qui oblige à penser à nouveaux frais la vieille et épineuse question de la relation difficile entre histoire et philosophie.
L’objectivité dans les sciences historiques : entre mythe, exigence et idéal
Authors: Ouattara Ibrahim
Published: August 2019

La présente analyse vise premièrement à comprendre quand, pourquoi et comment une exigence comme l’objectivité a-t-elle pu, à un moment bien précis de notre histoire, émerger, se développer et s’imposer finalement, avec sa signification actuelle, en tant qu’idéal régulateur et norme de la pratique scientifique. Elle vise, deuxièmement, à comprendre également ce qu’il en est de nos jours de cet idéal dans les sciences historiques et sociales.

Dans cet objectif, après une brève introduction, (I) nous commencerons par faire une généalogie de l’objectivité, de Thucydide jusqu’au XXe siècle. (II) Par la suite, nous procéderons à une mise en perspective de la problématique de l’objectivité dans les sciences historiques et culturelles, et nous donnerons un aperçu des transformations que subira cet idéal aux XIXe et XXe siècles (le triomphe du paradigme de l’objectivité scientifique). (III) Ensuite, nous construirons une archéologie de l’objectivité, afin de rendre compte de la manière dont notre notion moderne d’objectivité, apparaissant tardivement au XVIIIe siècle, finira par s’imposer dans les sciences. (IV) Puis, nous proposerons une réflexion critique sur les développements actuels des sciences et le rôle qu’y peut encore (ou non) jouer la notion classique d’objectivité. Enfin, nous présenterons nos conclusions.
Qu’ont en commun des citoyens en désaccord sur la justice ?
Authors: Mineur Didier
Published: August 2019

Les théories du désaccord objectent aux tentatives de fondation des premiers principes normatifs de la démocratie, à l’image des fameux principes de la justice de Rawls, qu’elles méconnaissent le désaccord axiologique. Dans cette perspective, la démocratie est justement la procédure adéquate pour le trancher, de telle sorte qu’elle ne saurait être bridée par des principes substantiels fixés une fois pour toutes. Cependant, une conception intégralement procédurale de la démocratie est impossible : le choix de la démocratie, de préférence à une autre procédure, engage nécessairement des valeurs morales minimales. Cette étude cherche à en préciser la nature. Elle soutient que des individus en désaccord sur la justice qui s’engagent cependant dans un projet démocratique partagent une rationalité pratique minimale dont la raison publique rawlsienne, en dépit des apparences, peut fournir le modèle ; en effet, la raison publique peut être comprise comme une procédure qui met en oeuvre le principe de réciprocité équitable, plutôt qu’une conception déterminée de la justice. Parce qu’elle constitue un concept procédural de la rationalité pratique, elle permet de dessiner les contours d’une théorie de la démocratie ancrée dans le désaccord sur la justice — et non pas seulement sur le bien.
Les nouvelles configurations de l’ordre public
Authors: Valentin Vincent
Published: August 2019

Le rapport entre le droit et la morale est depuis quelques années l’objet d’un nouvel investissement de la part de la doctrine juridique, à la recherche d’un nouvel équilibre entre la liberté individuelle d’un côté, et l’affirmation de droits ou de valeurs vus comme impératifs, à l’instar de la dignité ou du principe de non-discrimination. Dans cet article est proposée une modélisation des conceptions de la neutralité rattachée à la définition de l’ordre public, dont les potentialités sont dans un second temps testées sur le terrain du traitement de la religion dans l’entreprise.
Du psychologisme au platonisme : l’évolution de Reinach sur les fondements du droit
Authors: Taieb Hamid
Published: August 2019

Reinach est connu pour défendre une théoriea prioridu droit civil. Cette position, qui se dit inspirée de Husserl, est usuellement qualifiée de « platonisme » dans la littérature secondaire. Elle se comprend comme intuition des essences, projet de phénoménologie eidétique que Reinach fait remonter à Platon. Une position qui est rejetée par Reinach en philosophie du droit est le « psychologisme », thèse tendant à expliquer le droit par référence à la psyché. L’hostilité de Reinach à l’égard du psychologisme semble être une hostilité à l’égard de lui-même : en tant qu’élève de Lipps, Reinach avait écrit une thèse sur la notion de causalité en droit pénal, dans laquelle il faisait jouer à la psychologie un rôle fondateur pour le droit. Dans mon exposé, je retracerai l’évolution de Reinach sur ces questions, en repartant de sa thèse et des travaux de Lipps sur lesquels elle se base pour la comparer aux écrits reinachiens plus tardifs et leur rapport tant à Platon qu’à Husserl.
Comprendre la représentation syndicale au plan local : rôles perçus et ressources mobilisées par des dirigeants de syndicats locaux dans deux secteurs d’activités au Québec
Authors: Fortin-Bergeron Chloé , Hennebert Marc-Antonin , Doucet Olivier
Published: August 2019

Dans le contexte actuel de transformations des milieux de travail, cette étude s’intéresse à la représentation syndicale au plan local et, plus spécifiquement, aux rôles assumés par les président(e)s et les vice-président(e)s de syndicats locaux. Tenant compte de l’interaction entre le représentant, qui interprète son rôle et entretient une vision et des objectifs personnels face à ses fonctions, et l’environnement sectoriel et syndical dans lequel il s’insère, qui le confronte à des problématiques particulières et balise les ressources à sa disposition, cette recherche analyse l’influence des rôles perçus par les dirigeants syndicaux locaux sur la manière dont ils affirment mobiliser les ressources mises à leurs dispositions pour assumer leurs fonctions de représentation.

À partir d’une recherche empirique de nature qualitative menée auprès de vingt-neuf dirigeants locaux actifs au sein des secteurs des télécommunications (15) et de l’hôtellerie (14) au Québec, nos résultats montrent que ces dirigeants perçoivent occuper des rôles variés — liés autant à des dimensions organisationnelles que relationnelles — qui vont, non seulement influencer leur propension à mobiliser certaines ressources syndicales, mais qui orienteront également la manière dont ces ressources seront utilisées. En s’inscrivant dans des contextes variés et en adoptant une approche qui admet la coexistence de plusieurs rôles chez un même dirigeant, cette étude fait également ressortir l’importante marge de manoeuvre dont disposent les dirigeants locaux dans l’interprétation de leurs rôles, ainsi que l’effet des environnements sectoriel et syndical dans lesquels ils s’insèrent et qui délimitent en partie leur champ d’action. Notons néanmoins que, si ces deux environnements exercent une influence sur la perception qu’entretiennent nos répondants quant à leurs rôles, les analyses suggèrent qu’ils n’ont pas d’effet surdéterminant sur l’appropriation des rôles au plan local, car les dirigeants syndicaux au sein d’un même secteur et d’une même affiliation syndicale ne vont pas forcément prioriser les mêmes rôles dans l’exercice de leurs fonctions.
Mesure de l’évolution de la mortalité sur la base de la fonction des survivants
Authors: Menthonnex Jacques
Published: August 2019

L’évolution dans le temps de la fonction des survivants par âge est très souvent présentée graphiquement, mais n’est pas mesurée précisément. Cela s’explique par le fait que la lecture directe de ce déplacement selon l’âge n’est pas possible dans la mesure où les tables de mortalité sont décrites âge par âge et non pas pour des proportions de survivants données. En fait, il est possible de détourner cette difficulté au moyen d’interpolations. Des mesures sont présentées pour une dizaine de pays à faible mortalité. Le déplacement de la fonction des survivants (Sx) au cours du temps — à droite, selon l’axe des âges x, se réduit au fur et à mesure que le niveau de Sx diminue ; cette liaison est pratiquement linéaire lorsque Sx est inférieur à 0,8. Une suggestion, basée sur cette démarche, est proposée pour établir une projection d’une table de mortalité nécessitant seulement de définir la trajectoire au fil du temps au moyen de deux paramètres facilement interprétables. Cette méthode présente l’avantage de tenir compte du fait que l’effet de l’âge évolue au fur et à mesure que l’âge au décès augmente.
Delivery of targeted gene therapies using a hybrid cryogel-coated prosthetic vascular graft
Authors: Huynh Cindy , Shih Ting-Yu , Mammoo Alexander , Samant Amruta , Pathan Saif , Nelson David W. , Ferran Christiane , Mooney David , LoGerfo Frank , Pradhan-Nabzdyk Leena
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The success of prosthetic vascular grafts in the management of peripheral arterial disease is frequently limited by the development of anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia (ANIH), with the host response to prosthetic grafts beginning soon after implantation. To address this, we combine a platform of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric with an applied cryogel layer containing biologic agents to create a bioactive prosthetic graft system, with the ability to deliver therapeutics targeting modulators of the ANIH-associated transcriptome response, along with antithrombotic agents.

Methods

Hybrid graft materials were synthesized by cryopolymerization of methacrylated alginate and heparin onto electrospun (ePET), knitted PET (kPET), or woven PET (wPET). Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides were added to increase cell adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure at 1 day, and 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Physical properties such as swelling ratio, pore connectivity, shape recovery, and stiffness were evaluated. Human aortic endothelial cell (HAoEC) adherence was visualized using confocal microscopy after 24 hours and proliferation was evaluated with a resazurin-based assay for 7 days. Confocal microscopy was used to assess delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV-GFP) after incubation of hybrid grafts with HAoECs. Heparin activity of the materials was measured using an anti-Xa assay.

Results

SEM demonstrated large interconnected pores throughout the entire structure for all graft types, with minimal degradation of the cryogel after 8 weeks. Hybrid materials showed a trend towards increased shape recovery, increased stiffness, decreased swelling ratio, and no difference in pore connectivity. HAoECs incorporated, adhered, and proliferated over 7 days on all materials. HAoECs were successfully transduced with AAV-GFP from the hybrid graft materials. Anti-Xa assay confirmed continued activity of heparin from all materials for over 7 days.

Conclusions

We have developed a bioactive prosthetic graft system with a cryogel coating capable of delivering biologic agents with antithrombotic activity. By applying the cryogel and selected agents onto PET prior to graft implantation, this study sets the stage for the system to be individualized and tailored to the patient, with bioengineering and targeted gene therapy strategies dovetailing to create an improved prosthetic graft adaptable to emerging knowledge and technologies.
An Assessment of Chicken Excreta Management in Poultry Farms in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Awesome A. Adejare. , Oyewo Isaac. O.
Published: August 2019

The rapid growth in the poultry industry in Nigeria especially in Oyo State, has led to increased generation of chicken excreta. Unfortunately, there has not been a commensurate increase in the quality of chicken excreta management.There is therefore the need to assess existing methods of chicken excreta management in Oyo State with a view to achieving environmentally-friendly and economically-viable waste management methods. A three-stage sampling procedure was used. Oyo State was purposively selected due to its high concentration of chicken farms. For the same reason, two local government areas were also purposively selected:Afijio and I do. Lastly, based on the number of farms in each local government areas (LGAs) 50 and 70 chicken farms were randomly selected from Afijio and Ido LGAs making a total of 120 farms. Out of the 120 copies of the structured questionnaire administered, 101(84.2%) were retrieved. Data were collected on socio-economic characteristics, types of poultry waste generated and poultry waste disposal methods. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics. Most poultry farmers were male (85.1%) and married (86.4%) with a mean age of 41.0+ 10.8 years while household size was 5.0±1.58.Years of formal education and farming experience were 8±2 years and 8.09±5.87 years respectively .Based on the  responses the following chicken waste disposal methods were evaluated:dumping on vacant lands (47%), using  as manure (50.7%) and selling  (29%). The management methods evaluated in the study area had adverse environmental effects.
Laser Patterning of Thin Films
Authors: Stegemann Bert , Schultz Christof
Published: August 2019

Laser‐based patterning of thin films has rapidly revolutionized materials processing over the last years and is increasingly replacing conventional patterning techniques such as photolithography or mechanical patterning. Currently, it is widely used for both fundamental research and practical applications. According to the desired requirements, laser and processing parameters can be specifically selected for selective, precise, reproducible, and nearly damage‐free patterning of single layers and layer stacks of a wide variety of materials. This article summarizes the fundamentals and basic processes of laser ablation and discusses the influence of the essential laser parameters on laser–matter interaction. Moreover, an overview on practical aspects such as different optical setups, process control and approaches for selective layer ablation are given. A variety of current examples for the application of lasers for patterning thin films is introduced with a clear focus on photovoltaic applications. These examples highlight that laser patterning is a versatile, flexible, and reliable technique for processing a wide range of thin‐film materials, which will be increasingly implemented in the future.
Using Large Datasets to Understand Nanotechnology
Authors: Paunovska Kalina , Loughrey David , Sago Cory D. , Langer Robert , Dahlman James E.
Published: August 2019

Advances in sequencing technologies have made studying biological processes with genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics commonplace. As a result, this suite of increasingly integrated techniques is well positioned to study drug delivery, a process that is influenced by many biomolecules working in concert. Omics‐based approaches can be used to study the vast nanomaterial chemical space as well as the biological factors that affect the safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nanotechnologies. The generation and analysis of large datasets, methods to interpret them, and dataset applications to nanomaterials to date, are demonstrated here. Finally, new approaches for how sequencing‐generated datasets can answer fundamental questions in nanotechnology based drug delivery are proposed.
Textile‐Only Capacitive Sensors for Facile Fabric Integration without Compromise of Wearability
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Yu Lu , Xia Yun , Zhang Peng Fei , Kirk Timothy V. , Chen Xiao Dong
Published: August 2019

Wearable sensors promise advances in monitoring for athletes and patients, and offer the possibility of convenient longitudinal data collection without compromising lifestyle or comfort. To fully realize these possibilities, devices should be easily integrated into the clothing, accessories, and medical products that best suit consumers. An effective capacitive strain sensor whose components consist solely of fibers with a textile thread‐like morphology, i.e., that requires no solid polymer matrix that complicates integration, and can be woven directly into the fabric of clothing, bandages, and other products is presented. It is produced by twisting two core‐spun yarns into a fine double‐ply yarn. The core‐spun yarns are fabricated by wrapping silver‐coated nylon fibers with cotton fibers, and fixing them with polyurethane. Excellent capacitive linearity is displayed, with high dielectric stability over 10 000 cycles of endurance testing. Other detection properties are in line with existing sensors, though with lower ultimate strain and elastic limit. Textile integration is demonstrated via incorporation with kneepads and gloves without compromise of comfort or range of motion. All materials are compatible with medical sterilization methods. Additional versatility is illustrated by weaving the core‐spun yarn into pressure sensor arrays, which can be blended into wearable fabrics.
Manipulating Coherent Light–Matter Interaction: Continuous Transition between Strong Coupling and Weak Coupling in MoS2 Monolayer Coupled with Plasmonic Nanocavities
Authors: Hou Songyan , Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Wang Xingli , Xie Zhenwei , Yu Junhong , Zhou Jin , Zhang Daohua , Dang Cuong , Coquet Philippe , Tay Beng Kang , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Teo Edwin Hang Tong , Wang Hong
Published: August 2019

Strong interactions between surface plasmons in ultracompact nanocavities and excitons in 2D materials have attracted wide interests for its prospective realization of polariton devices at room temperature. Here, a continuous transition from weak coupling to strong coupling between excitons in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer and highly localized plasmons in ultracompact nanoantenna is proposed. The nanoantenna is assembled by a silver nanocube positioned over a gold film and separated by a dielectric spacer layer. A 1570‐fold enhancement in the photoluminescence is observed at weak coupling regime in hybrid nanocavities with thick spacer layers. The interaction between excitons and plasmons is then directly prompted to strong coupling regime by shrinking down the thickness of spacer layer. Room temperature formation of polaritons with Rabi splitting up to 190 meV is observed with a fair polariton loss around 165 meV. Numerical calculations quantify the relation between coupling strength, local density of states, and spacer thickness, and reveal the transition between weak coupling and strong coupling in nanocavities. The findings in this work offer a guideline for feasible designs of plasmon–exciton interaction systems with gap plasmonic cavities.
Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of α‐Substituted Diazophosphonates with 3‐Acryloyl‐2‐oxazolidinone to Access Chiral Pyrazoline Derivatives with Phosphonyl at a Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Center
Authors: Huang Nan , Tong Xunfei , Zhou Surong , Guo Qixiang , Peng Yungui
Published: August 2019

An efficient asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between α‐substituted diazophosphonates and 3‐acryloyl‐2‐oxazolidinone, catalyzed by a chiral Mg(II)/BOX complex, has been achieved for the first time. This reaction gave the corresponding chiral 5,5‐disubstituted 1H‐pyrazoline‐5‐phosphonates in good yields (up to 98%) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to 95% ee). The resulting highly functionalized pyrazolines, which have a tetrasubstituted stereogenic center at the phosphonate‐bearing carbon, can be further transformed into pyrazolidine and bicyclic pyrazolidine derivatives.

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Regioselective [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction Using Allene‐ynes with Simple Allenes under Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Arai Shigeru , Izaki Arisa , Amako Yuka , Nakajima Masaya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Nishida Atsushi
Published: August 2019

A Ni‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction between allene‐ynes and various mono‐, di‐ and tri‐substituted allenes is described. This protocol effectively differentiates allenyl π components and shows broad substrate generality to give highly functionalized carbocycles. A DFT study played a key role in revealing a detailed reaction mechanism that controls site‐, regio‐ and stereoselectivity, which are thought to originate in the substituent effect on π‐bonds in the early transition state.

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Dual‐Band Fano Resonance of Low‐Frequency Sound Based on Artificial Mie Resonances
Authors: Sun Ye‐Yang , Xia Jian‐Ping , Sun Hong‐Xiang , Yuan Shou‐Qi , Ge Yong , Liu Xiao‐Jun
Published: August 2019

It is reported both experimentally and numerically that dual‐band acoustic Fano resonances (AFRs) of low‐frequency sound are realized by a compound unit array composed of two types of multiple‐cavity unit cells with different inner radii. Eigenmode analyses show that two types of monopolar Mie resonance (MMR) modes can be observed below 650 Hz, which arise from the coupling resonance of the overall structure and the Helmholtz resonance of each resonance cavity, respectively. Based on the MMRs with the out‐of‐phase characteristic induced by the mutual coupling of the two types of unit cells, the dual‐band AFRs, in which the quality factor of the AFR II can exceed 600 when the ratio of the inner radii is closed to 1.0, can be observed. More interestingly, the application of the dual‐band AFRs in sound encryption communication is further discussed. The proposed multiple‐cavity unit cell and its associated dual‐band AFRs provide diverse routes to design multiband sound devices with versatile applications, such as filtering, sensing, and communication.
Ion‐Enhanced Field Emission Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Chung Jihoon , Heo Deokjae , Shin Gunsub , Choi Dukhyun , Choi Kyungwho , Kim Dongseob , Lee Sangmin
Published: August 2019

As interest in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) continues to increase, some studies have reported that certain limitations exist in TENG due to high potential difference, resulting in air breakdown and field emission. In addition, with known limitations such as extremely low voltage at low external resistance, a breakthrough is required to overcome the limitations of TENG. Here, a new TENG mechanism is reported, utilizing ion‐enhanced field emission (IEFE). Using a simple IEFE‐inducing layer, which consists of a charge accumulation layer and a metal‐to‐metal contact point, electrons can flow directly to a counter electrode while generating high‐output power. Under vertical contact–separation input, the generated root mean square (RMS) power of IEFE‐TENG is 635% higher compared to conventional TENG. As the fundamental mechanism of the IEFE‐TENG is based on installing this simple IEFE‐inducing layer, the power output of existing TENGs including sliding mode types can be boosted. This new TENG mechanism can be a new standard for metal–metal contact TENGs to effectively amplify the output power and to overcome potential limitations.
Remarkably Enhanced Hydrogen Generation of Organolead Halide Perovskites via Piezocatalysis and Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Mengye , Zuo Yunpeng , Wang Jingli , Wang Yi , Shen Xinpeng , Qiu Bocheng , Cai Lejuan , Zhou Feichi , Lau Shu Ping , Chai Yang
Published: August 2019

To alleviate photoinduced charge recombination in semiconducting nanomaterials represents an important endeavor toward high‐efficiency photocatalysis. Here a judicious integration of piezoelectric and photocatalytic properties of organolead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) to enable a piezophotocatalytic activity under simultaneous ultrasonication and visible light illumination for markedly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation of MAPbI3 is reported. The conduction band minimum of MAPbI3 is higher than hydrogen generation potential (0.046 V vs normal hydrogen electrode), thereby rendering efficient hydrogen evolution. In addition, the noncentrosymmetric crystal structure of MAPbI3 enables its piezoelectric properties. Thus, MAPbI3 readily responds to external mechanical force, creating a built‐in electric field for collective piezophotocatalysis as a result of effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers. The experimental results show that MAPbI3 powders exhibit superior piezophotocatalytic hydrogen generation rate (23.30 µmol h−1) in hydroiodic acid (HI) solution upon concurrent light and mechanical stimulations, much higher than that of piezocatalytic (i.e., 2.21 µmol h−1) and photocatalytic (i.e., 3.42 µmol h−1) hydrogen evolution rate as well as their sum (i.e., 5.63 µmol h−1). The piezophotocatalytic strategy provides a new way to control the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers by cooperatively capitalizing on piezocatalysis and photocatalysis of organolead halide perovskites to yield highly efficient piezophotocatalysis.
Emerging 2D Layered Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Bati Abdulaziz S. R. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Shapter Joseph G.
Published: August 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now at the forefront of the state‐of‐the‐art photovoltaic technologies due to their high efficiency and low fabrication costs. To further realize the potential of this fascinating class of solar cells, nanostructured functional materials have been playing important roles. 2D layered materials have attracted a great deal of interest due to their fascinating properties and unique structure. Recently, the exploration of a wide range of novel 2D materials for use in PSCs has seen considerable progress, but still a lot remains to be done in this field. In this progress report, the advancements that have recently been made in the application of these emerging 2D materials, beyond graphene, for PSCs are presented. Both the advantages and challenges of these 2D materials for PSCs are highlighted. Finally, important directions for the future advancements toward efficient, low‐cost, and stable PSCs are outlined.
Benchmarking Treatment Effectiveness of Community‐Delivered Trauma‐Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Rudd Brittany N. , Last Briana S. , Gregor Courtney , Jackson Kamilah , Berkowitz Steven , Zinny Arturo , Kratz Hilary E. , Cliggitt Lauren , Adams Danielle R. , Walsh Lucia M. , Beidas Rinad S.
Published: August 2019

It is critical for urban youth with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) living in poverty to have access to evidence‐based interventions for their traumatic stress. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of these interventions when provided in urban, community settings. The objectives of the current study are to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered from 2013 to 2016 in 15 behavioral health agencies on youth (N = 114) PTSD as well as  general mental health symptoms and  functioning, and (b) benchmark these clinical outcomes against other published efficacy and effectiveness trials. Effectiveness data are from the Philadelphia County Community Behavioral Health System, a system that has invested significantly in the training and ongoing support of clinicians providing high‐quality trauma services to youth since 2012. From baseline to last assessment, youth PTSD symptom severity (d = 0.34), PTSD functional impairment (d = 0.38), and overall mental health problem severity (d = 0.29) improved. The effect sizes of  improvements were smaller than effect sizes observed in efficacy and effectiveness studies. This study is the first benchmarking study of TF‐CBT and provides preliminary findings with regard to the effectiveness, and transportability, of TF‐CBT to urban community settings that serve youth in poverty.
Density Functional Theory Study of the Mechanisms of Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Anti‐Markovnikov Addition of C‐H Bonds in Aromatic Ketones to Alkenes
Authors: Ren Qinghua , An Shanshan , Wang Yuling , Tong Weiqi
Published: August 2019

The mechanisms of iron‐catalyzed regioselective anti‐Markovnikov addition of C‐H bonds in the aromatic ketones to alkenes are studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with the B3LYP‐D3 method. Our results show that the overall catalytic cycle includes the initial generation of aromatic ketone C‐H activation, the coordination and insertion of a styrene, and finally C‐C reductive elimination. Two different alkylation products are obtained through the linear or branched formation via several different paths. The formation of the linear product is energetically favorable over that of the branched product, which is in agreement with the experimental observation. The rate‐limiting step for the whole catalytic cycle to obtain the main linear product is the reductive elimination step where the Gibbs free energy in solvent THF ΔGsol is 13.5 kcal/mol computed using the SMD method.
Electric field‐driven preparation of elastomer/plastic nanoparticles gradient films with enhanced damping property
Authors: Zhang Yuanfang , Fang Wei , Zhao Yichun , Liu Zhihong , Chen Shaoyun , Hu Chenlong , Liu Jiyan , Liu Xueqing
Published: August 2019

Polymeric gradient film consisting of the plastic nanoparticles in addition to an elastomer matrix was created by driving the charged sulfonated polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix under direct‐current electric field. The gradient morphology was frozen by thermal curing. The morphology, composition, damping, and mechanical properties of cured PS/PDMS gradient film containing 10 wt % of PS nanoparticles were measured with scanning electron microscopy, energy‐disperse spectroscopy, and dynamic thermal mechanic analysis and tensile test, respectively. In comparison with the isotropic PS/PDMS film, the gradient film shows a better damping property, and a higher tensile strength and elongation at breaking. The interpretation in terms of deformation and fracture mechanism of gradient structure was proposed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48401.