bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAS2R38 genotype predicts surgical outcome in nonpolypoid chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Adappa Nithin D. , Farquhar Douglas , Palmer James N. , Kennedy David W. , Doghramji Laurel , Morris Shane A. , Owens David , Mansfield Corrine , Lysenko Anna , Lee Robert J. , Cowart Beverly J. , Reed Danielle R. , Cohen Noam A.
Published: November 2015

Background

Over 550,000 sinus surgeries are performed annually in the United States on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although the results of sinus surgery vary widely, no known genetic factor has been identified to predict surgical outcomes. The bitter taste receptor T2R38 has recently been demonstrated to regulate upper airway innate defense and may affect patient responses to therapy. Our goal was to determine whether TAS2R38 genetics predicts outcomes in CRS patients following sinus surgery.

Methods

A prospective study of patients undergoing sinus surgery evaluating postoperative outcomes through the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). Patients were genotyped for TAS2R38.

Results

A total of 123 patients with CRS were initially analyzed; 82 patients showed nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and 41 patients were without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Six months after surgery, the overall SNOT‐22 improvement was 25 ± 23 points. The TAS2R38 genotype was found to significantly correlate with surgical outcomes in patients without polyps; homozygotes for the functional receptor had a mean improvement of 38 ± 21, whereas heterozygotes or homozygotes for the nonfunctional receptor had a mean improvement of 12 ± 22 (p = 0.006). This result was confirmed with a multivariate regression that incorporated further patients with 1‐month and 3‐month scores (n = 207).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing sinus surgery for CRS, we have identified a genetic polymorphism that predicts variability in quality of life improvement following surgery at 6 months in nonpolypoid CRS. This is the first genetic polymorphism identified that has demonstrated to predict surgical outcome for a select group of CRS patients.
Profuse bleeding from a pseudoaneurysm of the right superior thyroid artery after tracheostomy
Authors: Tanaka Koichi , Tachibana Naoto , Sato Hirokazu , Uematsu Keigo , Shiba Yosuke , Hamami Gen
Published: November 2015

Case

A 70‐year‐old man was brought to our hospital emergency department with accidental thermal burns. Surgical tracheostomy was carried out on day 8 after admission, followed by several profuse bleeding episodes from the orifice. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography of the neck revealed a small nodule with arterial phase enhancement that was suspected to be a pseudoaneurysm. During emergency angiography, the nodule was revealed to be a pseudoaneurysm arising from the right superior thyroid artery with contrast medium extravasation.

Outcome

The patient underwent transcatheter arterial embolization, which resolved bleeding from the tracheostomy orifice.

Conclusion

Pseudoaneurysm of the superior thyroid artery is an extremely rare and life‐threatening tracheostomy complication. All clinicians certified to perform tracheostomy should be acquainted with the various complications and methods for managing life‐threatening post‐tracheostomy complications.
A laboratory exercise to illustrate protein–membrane interactions
Authors: Weers Paul M.M. , Prenner Elmar J. , Curic Spomenka , Lohmeier‐Vogel Elke M.
Published: November 2015

The laboratory protocol presented here takes about 3 hours to perform and investigates protein and lipid interactions. Students first purify His6‐tagged human apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) with Ni‐NTA affinity resin in a simple batch protocol and prepare multilamellar vesicles (MLV) from pre‐dried phospholipid films. When apoA‐I is added to the MLV, much smaller protein/lipid nanodisc complexes are formed in some instances. Nanodisc formation can be monitored by a decrease in light‐scattering intensity at 340 nm using a simple spectrophotometer. Students will observe nanodisc formation with MLV formed from the anionic phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol, which pack poorly into lipid bilayers, but not with MLV formed from the zwitterionic phospholipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, which form stable bilayers. This laboratory exercise is accompanied by questions and exercises that enable students a deeper of the dimensions of apoA‐I and nanodiscs as well as the biological relevance of nanodisc formation in the process of reverse cholesterol transport. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:86–94, 2016.
The values and motivations behind sustainable fashion consumption
Authors: Lundblad Louise , Davies Iain A.
Published: November 2015

The growth in ethical consumption behaviour and greater interest in sustainable fashion from a production side provides grounding for the emergence of a new consumer market for sustainable fashion. To date, however, most studies in this field focus on the production end of the emerging market, with little exploration of the consumers. Of the work, there is on sustainable fashion consumption; the majority discuss perceptions of sustainable fashion by the general population, with little work sampling actual consumers of sustainable fashion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the values and motivations underpinning actual sustainable fashion consumption. Thirty‐nine in‐depth interviews were conducted with a sample of frequent sustainable clothing consumers. The study follows a means‐end theory approach linking purchased products back to purchasing criteria and personal values. This study therefore contributes to the overall understanding of sustainable fashion consumption and gives insights into purchasing criteria and behavioural choices of sustainable fashion consumers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Helix‐Stabilized Cell‐Penetrating Peptide as an Intracellular Delivery Tool
Authors: Yamashita Hiroko , Oba Makoto , Misawa Takashi , Tanaka Masakazu , Hattori Takayuki , Naito Mikihiko , Kurihara Masaaki , Demizu Yosuke
Published: November 2015

Two types of cationic cyclic α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids: Api
(which possesses a lysine mimic side chain) and ApiC2Gu (which possesses an arginine mimic side chain), were developed. These amino acids were incorporated into an arginine‐based peptide sequence [(l‐Arg‐l‐Arg‐dAA)3: dAA=Api
or ApiC2Gu], and the relationship between the secondary structures of the resulting peptides and their ability to pass through cell membranes was investigated. The peptide containing ApiC2Gu formed a stable α‐helical structure and was more effective at penetrating cells than the nonhelical Arg nonapeptide (R9). Furthermore, the peptide was able to deliver plasmid DNA into various types of cells in a highly efficient manner.
Organic Solvent Nanofiltration‐Supported Purification of Organocatalysts
Authors: Großeheilmann Julia , Fahrenwaldt Thomas , Kragl Udo
Published: November 2015

In this study, the successful use of organic solvent nanofiltration for the purification of three highly enantioselective quinine‐based organocatalysts was demonstrated. Commercially available solvent‐resistant membranes (DuraMem series) were utilized to remove specific impurities that originated from their respective synthesis pathways. DuraMem 200 exhibited the highest catalyst retention of 99 %, which facilitated catalyst purification at the gram scale with a purity >99 %.
Combining Acoustic Emission and Vibration Technologies Harbors Huge Potential for Material Characterization
Authors: Nienhaus Karl , Wotruba Hermann , Boos Domenic , Klösges Simon , Vraetz Tobias , Neubert Kilian
Published: November 2015

The demand for raw materials is growing worldwide, in step with increasing world population and rising living standards of emerging countries. It is becoming more difficult to exploit primary raw materials because of declining ore grades and increasingly complicated mineralogies. Thus, the efficient and environmentally sustainable exploitation of primary resources using innovative technologies has emerged as an important research field to address these issues. An innovative approach is introduced to optimize process and quality control by combining acoustic emission (AE) and vibration technology. The general feasibility of these two technologies for material recognition and characterization is examined. The new approach was tested to determine whether coal could be distinguished from waste rock.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of SrNi2‐xSb2.
Authors: Gvozdetskyi Volodymyr , Hlukhyy Viktor , Gladyshevskii Roman , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: November 2015

The intermetallic title phase is prepared by arc‐melting of the elements followed by annealing (1370 K for 2 h and 1070 K for 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A High‐Voltage and Ultralong‐Life Sodium Full Cell for Stationary Energy Storage.
Authors: Guo Shaohua , Liu Pan , Sun Yang , Zhu Kai , Yi Jin , Chen Mingwei , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: November 2015

A P2‐layered Na0.66Ni0.17Co0.17Ti0.66 O2 electrode material is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Na2CO3, NiO, CoO, and TiO2 with a 5 wt% excess of Na2CO3 under Ar (900 °C, 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of AM2(OH)(SeO3)2 (A: Na, Rb; M: Mg, Zn).
Authors: Liu Yunsheng , Mei Dajiang , Xu Jingli , Wu Yuandong
Published: November 2015

The crystal structures of compounds (IV) and (VII) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry of the M11+,2+—M22+,3+—(H)‐Arsenites: The First Cadmium(II) Arsenite, Na4Cd7(AsO3)6.
Authors: Dordevic Tamara
Published: November 2015

Single crystals of Na4Cd7(AsO3)6 are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of NaOH, CdO, and As2O3 in the molar ratio of 1:2:2 (autoclave, 220 °C, 52 h, 95% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: CH3NH3SnxPb1‐xBr3 Hybrid Perovskite Solid Solution: Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties.
Authors: Mancini Alessandro , Quadrelli Paolo , Milanese Chiara , Patrini Maddalena , Guizzetti Giorgio , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: November 2015

Single‐phase (MeNH3)SnxPb1‐xBr3 (x = 0‐1) solid solutions are precipitated from aqueous solutions of Pb(O‐Ac)2 and SnBr2, MeNH2, excess HBr, and H4P2O6 (100→46 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Actinide Chalcogenides Ba2Cu4USe6, Ba2Cu2ThSe5, Ba2Cu2USe5, and Sr2Cu2US5: Crystal Structures and Physical Properties.
Authors: Mesbah Adel , Prakash Jai , Beard Jessica C. , Lebegue Sebastien , Malliakas Christos D. , Ibers James A.
Published: November 2015

Ba2Cu4USe6 (I), Ba2Cu2ThSe5 (II), Ba2Cu2USe5 (III), and Sr2Cu2US5 (IV) are prepared by melting stoichiometric mixtures of the elements in a CsCl flux (carbon‐coated evacuated silica tube, 1173 K, 96 h; <80% yield of (I) and (IV)).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometallic 3d—4f Cluster‐Containing Polyoxotungstate Obtained by Partial Disassembly of Preformed Large Clusters.
Authors: Yao Shuang , Yan Jing‐Hui , Duan Hui , Jia Qian‐Qian , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Wang En‐Bo
Published: November 2015

Crystals of the new compound KNa5{K2Dy2Cu2 (H2O)8 (SbW9O33)2}·17H2O are prepared by reacting a conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Isoquinoline N‐Oxides.
Authors: Miyaji Ryota , Asano Keisuke , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: November 2015

The aromatic electrophilic bromination of isoquinoline N‐oxides (I) and (III) with N‐bromoacetamide in the presence of a cinchona‐derived catalyst gives rise to axially chiral products (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by a Porphyrin‐Inspired Manganese Complex.
Authors: Dai Wen , Lv Ying , Wang Lianyue , Shang Sensen , Chen Bo , Li Guosong , Gao Shuang
Published: November 2015

30 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of Ruthenium—NHC Complexes and Their Catalysis in Hydrogen Transfer Reaction.
Authors: Chen Chao , Lu Chunxin , Zheng Qing , Ni Shengliang , Zhang Min , Chen Wanzhi
Published: November 2015

Ruthenium—NHC complexes bearing pyrimidine‐ and pyridine‐functionalized NHC ligands are prepared and utilized as highly efficient catalysts in transfer hydrogenation of ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Alkylation of Arenes by a Thiol‐Based Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Parnes Regev , Pappo Doron
Published: November 2015

Various arenes endowed with electron‐donating substituents are transformed in an alkylthiol‐promoted chemo‐ and regioselective aromatic substitution with a diverse range of aryl and alkyl aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenyl Carbonyl Derivatives in Enantioselective Redox Relay Heck Reactions: Accessing α,β‐Unsaturated Systems.
Authors: Zhang Chun , Santiago Celine B. , Kou Lei , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: November 2015

Arylation of various alkene substrates linked to carbonyl functions is investigated under the optimized conditions A) to produce a broad spectrum of functionalized α,β‐unsaturated structures with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of 2‐Iodobiaryls into 2,2′‐Diiodobiaryls via Oxidation‐Iodination Sequences: A Versatile Route to Ladder‐Type Heterofluorenes.
Authors: Wu Bin , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: November 2015

The two‐step method yields 2,2‐diiodobiaryls from 2‐iodobiaryls through an oxidative cyclization/copper‐catalyzed iodinative ring‐opening sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Naphthols Without Lewis Acid.
Authors: Zhu Yijun , Lin Kuaile , Ye Deyong , Zhou Weicheng
Published: November 2015

The simple method allows the alkylation of α‐and β‐naphthols with various β‐chloroketones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Systematic Approach to Diverse, Lead‐Like Scaffolds from α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acids.
Authors: Foley Daniel J. , Doveston Richard G. , Churcher Ian , Nelson Adam , Marsden Stephen P.
Published: November 2015

Four amino acid‐derived building blocks are converted into 22 scaffolds, e.g. azides (III) and (XIV), hydantoins (IV), lactams (VI), tetrahydropyridines (IX), and azepanes (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylazidation of Alkynes: Efficient Access to CF3‐Substituted Azirines and Aziridines.
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhu Na , Chen Pinhong , Ye Jinxing , Liu Guosheng
Published: November 2015

This novel method gives access to CF3‐containing azirines via a copper‐catalyzed trifluoromethylazidation followed by a photocatalyzed rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Annulation of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropane and N‐Tosylaziridinedicarboxylate: One‐Step Synthesis of Functionalized 2H‐Furo[2,3‐c]pyrroles.
Authors: Ghosh Asit , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Banerjee Prabal
Published: November 2015

Diastereoselective cyclization of 1,1‐cyclopropanedicarboxylates with 2,2‐aziridinedicarboxylates using MgI2 yields saturated 2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter by Organocatalytic Enantioselective α‐Functionalization of α‐Substituted β‐Ketocarbonyls with Electron Deficient Vinylarenes.
Authors: Liu Shizhou , Tong Mengchao , Yu Yang , Xie Hexin , Li Hao , Wang Wei
Published: November 2015

The enantioselective reaction of ketones (II) and (VI) with vinylarenes (I) gives rise to desired dicarbonyl compounds (III) and (VII), which are readily converted into chiral pyrazolones (V) and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Ammonium Enolates with Oxaziridines.
Authors: Smith Siobhan R. , Fallan Charlene , Taylor James E. , McLennan Ross , Daniels David S. B. , Morrill Louis C. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: November 2015

The title process is investigated with racemic oxaziridine (II) under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Nitrate Mediated Regioselective [2 + 2 + 1] Cyclization of Alkynes with Alkenes: A Cascade Approach to Δ2‐Isoxazolines.
Authors: Gao Mingchun , Li Yingying , Gan Yuansheng , Xu Bin
Published: November 2015

The regioselective synthesis of pharmacologically relevant polysubstituted Δ2—isoxazolines is based on the copper‐mediated direct transformation of terminal alkynes and alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: The Vilsmeier—Haack Formylation of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones and Isomeric 1,2‐Dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones: An Effective Approach to Functionalized 2H‐/4H‐Chromenes and Tetrahydroacridines.
Authors: Farat Oleg K. , Markov Victor I. , Varenichenko Svetlana A. , Dotsenko Victor V. , Mazepa Alexander V.
Published: November 2015

It is demonstrated, that 1,3‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones react with Vilsmeier reagent to give chromene derivatives in generally good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Dual Annulation of o‐Halobenzaldimine with Alkyne: A Powerful Route Toward Bioactive Indenoisoquinolinones.
Authors: Liu Chuan‐Che , Hsieh Jen‐Chieh , Korivi Rajendra Prasad , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: November 2015

The dual annulation of alkyne (VIII) with isolated aldimine (IX) leads to known bioactive tetracyclic derivative (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzoxepinopyrrolidines/Spiropyrrolidines via oxa‐Pictet—Spengler and [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Sivakumar Nagappan , Devaraj Anthonisamy
Published: November 2015

Oxa‐Pictet—Spengler cyclization of Baylis—Hillman adducts with paraformaldehyde gives benzoxepines (III), which undergo [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with in situ generated azomethine ylides to form fused pyrrolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn(III)‐Mediated Phosphonation—Azidation of Alkenes: A Facile Synthesis of β‐Azidophosphonates.
Authors: Xu Jian , Li Xueqin , Gao Yuzhen , Zhang Liangliang , Chen Weizhu , Fang Hua , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: November 2015

A new and general method for the synthesis of a broad variety of β‐azidophosphonates (26 examples) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward and One‐Pot Synthesis of Bifunctional Phosphorus Betti Bases under Solvent‐Free Conditions via Phosphine Oxide Component.
Authors: Liu Fengjiao , Li Guozhu , Jiang Jie , Zheng Fangying , Wu Mingshu
Published: November 2015

Optimized reaction conditions allow the synthesis of the title species via condensation of 2‐naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and diphenylphosphine oxide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Balancing Act: Stability Versus Reactivity of Mn(O) Complexes
Authors: Neu Heather M. , Baglia Regina A. , Goldberg David P.
Published: November 2015

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Exceptionally Rich Coordination Chemistry Generated by Schiff‐Base Ligands Derived from O‐Vanillin
Authors: Andruh Marius
Published: November 2015

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Ethers
Authors: Lo Angel S. W. , Horvath Istvan T.
Published: November 2015

Review: [48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Secondary Metabolites from Higher Fungi
Authors: Reck Bernhard , Spiteller Peter
Published: November 2015

Review: [160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali/Coinage Metals — Organolithium, Organocuprate Chemistry
Authors: Harford Philip J. , Peel Andrew J. , Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: November 2015

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable, Fluorescent Primary Phosphines
Authors: Davies Laura H. , Stewart Beverly , Higham Lee J.
Published: November 2015

Review: recent findings on the preparation and utility of fluorescent primary phosphins based on the boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) skeleton; 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Baunach Martin , Hertweck Christian
Published: November 2015

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Templated Synthesis for Nanoarchitectured Porous Materials
Authors: Malgras Victor , Ji Qingmin , Kamachi Yuichiro , Mori Taizo , Shieh Fa‐Kuen , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: November 2015

Review: 386 refs.
Identification of AB‐FUBINACA metabolites in authentic urine samples suitable as urinary markers of drug intake using liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem time of flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Vikingsson Svante , Gréen Henrik , Brinkhagen Linda , Mukhtar Shahzabe , Josefsson Martin
Published: November 2015

Synthetic cannabinoids are a group of psychoactive drugs presently widespread among drug users in Europe. Analytical methods to measure these compounds in urine are in demand as urine is a preferred matrix for drug testing. For most synthetic cannabinoids, the parent compounds are rarely detected in urine. Therefore urinary metabolites are needed as markers of drug intake. AB‐FUBINACA was one of the top three synthetic cannabinoids most frequently found in seizures and toxicological drug screening in Sweden (2013–2014). Drug abuse is also reported from several other countries such as the USA and Japan. In this study, 28 authentic case samples were used to identify urinary markers of AB‐FUBINACA intake using liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem time of flight mass spectrometry and human liver microsomes. Three metabolites suitable as markers of drug intake were identified and at least two of them were detected in all but one case. In total, 15 urinary metabolites of AB‐FUBINACA were reported, including hydrolxylations on the indazole ring and the amino‐oxobutane moiety, dealkylations and hydrolysis of the primary amide. No modifications on the fluorobenzyl side‐chain were observed. The parent compound was detected in 54% of the case samples. Also, after three hours of incubation with human liver microsomes, 77% of the signal from the parent compound remained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mycobacterial receptor, Clec4d (CLECSF8, MCL), is coregulated with Mincle and upregulated on mouse myeloid cells following microbial challenge
Authors: Kerscher Bernhard , Wilson Gillian J. , Reid Delyth M. , Mori Daiki , Taylor Julie A. , Besra Gurdyal S. , Yamasaki Sho , Willment Janet A. , Brown Gordon D.
Published: November 2015

The C‐type lectin receptor (CTLR), Clec4d (MCL, CLECSF8), is a member of the Dectin‐2 cluster of CTLRs, which also includes the related receptors Mincle and Dectin‐2. Like Mincle, Clec4d recognizes mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose dimycolate, and we recently demonstrated its key role in anti‐mycobacterial immunity in mouse and man. Here, we characterized receptor expression in naïve mice, under inflammatory conditions, and during Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection using newly generated monoclonal antibodies. In naïve mice, Clec4d was predominantly expressed on myeloid cells within the peritoneal cavity, blood, and bone marrow. Unexpectedly, basal expression of Clec4d was very low on leukocytes in the lung. However, receptor expression was significantly upregulated on pulmonary myeloid cells during M. bovis BCG infection. Moreover, Clec4d expression could be strongly induced in vitro and in vivo by various microbial stimuli, including TLR agonists, but not exogenous cytokines. Notably, we show that Clec4d requires association with the signaling adaptor FcRγ and Mincle, but not Dectin‐2, for surface expression. In addition, we provide evidence that Clec4d and Mincle, but not Dectin‐2, are interdependently coregulated during inflammation and infection. These data show that Clec4d is an inducible myeloid‐expressed CTLR in mice, whose expression is tightly linked to that of Mincle.
An efficient and energy stable scheme for a phase‐field model for the moving contact line problem
Authors: Aland Sebastian , Chen Feng
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we propose for the first time a linearly coupled, energy stable scheme for the Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard system with generalized Navier boundary condition. We rigorously prove the unconditional energy stability for the proposed time discretization as well as for a fully discrete finite element scheme. Using numerical tests, we verify the accuracy, confirm the decreasing property of the discrete energy, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through numerical simulations in both 2‐D and 3‐D. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Near Neighbour and Neural Network in Travel Forecasting
Authors: Olmedo Elena
Published: November 2015

In this paper we confirm the existence of nonlinear dynamics in a time series of airport arrivals. We subsequently propose alternative non‐parametric forecasting techniques to be used in a travel forecasting problem, emphasizing the difference between the reconstruction and learning approach. We compare the results achieved in point prediction versus sign prediction. The reconstruction approach offers better results in sign prediction and the learning approach in point prediction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Pass‐through of Exchange Rate in the Context of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis
Authors: Ben Cheikh Nidhaleddine , Rault Christophe
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates whether exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) into import prices is a nonlinear phenomenon for five heavily indebted Euro area countries, namely the so‐called GIIPS group (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain). Using logistic smooth transition models, we explore the existence of nonlinearity with respect to sovereign bond yield spreads (versus the German bund) as an indicator of confidence crisis/macroeconomic instability. Our results provide strong evidence that the extent of ERPT is higher in periods of macroeconomic distress, that is, when sovereign bond yield spreads exceed a given threshold. For almost all the GIIPS countries, we reveal that the increase in macroeconomic instability and the loss of confidence during the recent sovereign debt crisis have entailed higher sensitivity of import prices to exchange rate movements. For instance, the rate of pass‐through in Greece is equal to 0.66% when the yield differential is below 2.13%, but beyond this threshold level, the sensitivity of import prices becomes higher and reaches full ERPT. Our findings raise the serious question of whether the exchange rate could be an effective tool to boost the trade balance and prevent deflationary threats when financial crisis hits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed optimal control of the viscous Burgers equation via a Legendre pseudo‐spectral approach
Authors: Sabeh Z. , Shamsi M. , Dehghan Mehdi
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a computational technique based on the pseudo‐spectral method for the solution of distributed optimal control problem for the viscous Burgers equation. By using pseudo‐spectral method, the problem is converted to a classical optimal control problem governed by a system of ordinary differential equations, which can be solved by well‐developed direct or indirect methods. For solving the resulting optimal control problem, we present an indirect method by deriving and numerically solving the first‐order optimality conditions. Numerical tests involving both unconstrained and constrained control problems are considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Create a culture of change by allowing faculty to dream big
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2015

When Sona Andrews was recalled from her Armenian college in Beirut, Lebanon, during her sophomore year due to the imminent Lebanese civil war, her transcripts stayed behind. Although this made transferring difficult, Andrews found a home at Worcester College to complete her bachelor's degree. She eventually earned both a master's and doctorate at Arizona State University.
Stakeholder Dynamics during the Project Front-End: The Case of Nuclear Waste Repository Projects
Authors: Aaltonen Kirsi , Kujala Jaakko , Havela Laura , Savage Grant
Published: November 2015

Understanding stakeholder dynamics and their impact on project management is crucial, especially for large and complex projects such as nuclear waste repositories. This study examines the stakeholder dynamics during the project front-end stage of two pioneering nuclear waste repository projects. To analyze changes in stakeholders’ importance and position on a project, we propose and apply a new conceptual framework: a stakeholder salience-position matrix. The study explicates how stakeholder dynamics are influenced by the interaction of stakeholders’ influence behavior, stakeholder management activities, and the project's contextual conditions. Prior stakeholder literature has rarely conceptualized the elements of stakeholder dynamics in a systematic manner.
Bridging contributions to polyelectrolyte brush collapse in multivalent salt solutions
Authors: Brettmann Blair Kathryn , Laugel Nicolas , Hoffmann Norman , Pincus Philip , Tirrell Matthew
Published: November 2015

Polyelectrolyte brushes are essential in many aspects of surface functionality, particularly for colloidal stabilization and lubrication in biological and materials science applications. It has been shown experimentally that the brushes undergo an abrupt shrinkage in the presence of multivalent counter‐ions. This transition is studied here using a phenomenological mean‐field approach with a model that specifically includes bridging of the polyelectrolyte chains by the multiple charges on the multivalent counter‐ions. Using an energy balance represented by the sum of electrostatic, polymeric and entropic mean‐field terms, additional parameterized phenomenological terms are introduced for counter‐ion condensation and for the attractive interaction between adjacent polyelectrolyte chains to account for the bridging effect. The free energy is minimized with respect to the counter‐ion populations and the brush height. In agreement with experimental observations, increasing the concentration of multivalent ions leads to a sharp collapse of the polyelectrolyte brush height. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 284–291
New π‐Conjugated polymers containing 4H,4′H‐[1,1′‐Bithieno [3,4‐C]Pyrrole]‐4,4′,6,6′(5H,5′H)‐Tetraone (biTPD) units and their application to thin‐Film transistors and photovoltaic cells
Authors: Lee Dae Hee , Kim Kyung Hwan , Shin Jicheol , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: November 2015

We successfully synthesized new D‐A copolymers that employ 1,10‐bithienopyrrolodione (biTPD), thiophene, and selenophene‐based donor monomeric units. Two polymers, PBTPDEBT and PBTPDEBS, exhibited high degrees of crystallinity and unique polymer chain arrangements on the substrate, which is attributed to their enhanced coplanarity and intermolecular interactions between the polymer chains. Among the thin‐film transistor devices made of PBTPDEBT and PBTPDEBS, the annealed PBTPDEBS device displayed relatively high hole mobility, which was twice that of the PBTPDEBT‐based device. In addition, an organic photovoltaic device based on a PBTPDEBS:PC71BM blend displayed the maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.85%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1228–1235
Evidence for formation of self‐trapped excitons in a β‐Ga2O3 single crystal
Authors: Yamaoka Suguru , Nakayama Masaaki
Published: November 2015

We have investigated photoluminescence (PL) and absorption properties of a β‐Ga2O3single crystal from the viewpoint of the stability of self‐trapped excitons (STEs). A broad PL band with a large Stokes shift, which is conventionally assigned to the STE, was observed. To reveal the stability of the STE, we precisely measured the temperature dependence of the Urbach tails in absorption spectra. It was confirmed that the Urbach tails at all temperatures converge into a specific point, which verifies the validity of the treatment of the Urbach tail. We analysed the temperature dependence of the exponential slope, the so‐called steepness constant, of the Urbach tail and evaluated the exciton‐phonon coupling constant g, which defines the stability of the STE, to be g = 5.4. Based on a previously reported theory for exciton‐phonon interactions, g > 1 generally results in that the STE is a stable state relative to a free exciton. Consequently, the above large g factor demonstrates that the STE formation is stable in β‐Ga2O3. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Combine Effects of Essential Oils and Packaging on Smoked Rainbow Trout Stored 4°C
Authors: Oğuzhan Yıldız Pınar
Published: November 2015

In this study, the effect of essential oils (thyme and clove) and packaging treatments (vacuum and modified atmosphere) on the storage of hot smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets over a period of 120 days at 4°C was investigated. Fillets were subjected to microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mould), chemical analyses (pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total volatile base nitrogen) and quality testing throughout the storage period. Difference in microbiological and chemical changes between samples was found to be significant (p < 0.05) during storage period. Sensory evaluation showed significant differences between the samples, and V2 and M2 samples were assessed as the most acceptable products by the panellists. In conclusion, essential oils treatment to hot smoking had a positive effect on shelf life of rainbow trout, especially clove oil showed more positive effect when compared with thyme oil. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The virtual intestine: in silico modeling of small intestinal electrophysiology and motility and the applications
Authors: Du Peng , Paskaranandavadivel Niranchan , Angeli Timothy R. , Cheng Leo K. , O'Grady Gregory
Published: November 2015

The intestine comprises a long hollow muscular tube organized in anatomically and functionally discrete compartments, which digest and absorb nutrients and water from ingested food. The intestine also plays key roles in the elimination of waste and protection from infection. Critical to all of these functions is the intricate, highly coordinated motion of the intestinal tract, known as motility, which is coregulated by hormonal, neural, electrophysiological and other factors. The Virtual Intestine encapsulates a series of mathematical models of intestinal function in health and disease, with a current focus on motility, and particularly electrophysiology. The Virtual Intestine is being cohesively established across multiple physiological scales, from sub/cellular functions to whole organ levels, facilitating quantitative evaluations that present an integrative in silico framework. The models are also now finding broad physiological applications, including in evaluating hypotheses of slow wave pacemaker mechanisms, smooth muscle electrophysiology, structure–function relationships, and electromechanical coupling. Clinical applications are also beginning to follow, including in the pathophysiology of motility disorders, diagnosing intestinal ischemia, and visualizing colonic dysfunction. These advances illustrate the emerging potential of the Virtual Intestine to effectively address multiscale research challenges in interdisciplinary gastrointestinal sciences. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:69–85. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1324

This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods

Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Surface Active Properties and Biological Activities of Novel Anionic Surfactant Based on Oxapyridazinone Derivatives
Authors: El‐Shahawi Manal Mohamed , Shalaby Alyaa Abou Sheashaa , Gabre Adel Mohy El‐Din , Ghonim Abd El‐Hamed Mahmoud
Published: November 2015

A series of novel oxapyridazinone derivatives has been synthesized via cyclization of the corresponding sodium salt of α‐sulfonated fatty acid hydrazide with chloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate and acetic anhydride. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic and elemental analysis. The surface properties (surface tension, CMC value and area per molecule), the thermodynamic stability and antimicrobial activities of the prepared compounds were determined and compared to standard trade material Texapone® N‐70. The prepared compounds exhibit surface activity comparable to the standard and thus can be used as anionic surfactants.
SOBOLEV INEQUALITIES FOR RIESZ POTENTIALS OF FUNCTIONS IN OVER NONDOUBLING MEASURE SPACES
Authors: OHNO TAKAO , SHIMOMURA TETSU
Published: November 2015

Our aim in this paper is to deal with Sobolev inequalities for Riesz potentials of functions in Lebesgue spaces of variable exponents near Sobolev’s exponent over nondoubling metric measure spaces.
Caregivers’ nutrition knowledge and attitudes are associated with household food diversity and children’s animal source food intake across different agro-ecological zones in Ghana
Authors: Christian Aaron K. , Marquis Grace S. , Colecraft Esi K. , Lartey Anna , Sakyi-Dawson Owuraku , Ahunu Ben K. , Butler Lorna M.
Published: November 2015

Caregivers’ nutrition knowledge and attitudes may influence the variety of foods available in the household and the quality of children’s diets. To test the link, this study collected data on caregivers’ (n 608) nutrition knowledge and feeding attitudes as well as the diets of their household and of their 2–5-year-old children in twelve rural communities nested in the three main agro-ecological zones of Ghana. Household foods and children’s animal source foods (ASF) consumed in the past 7 d were categorised into one of fourteen and ten groups, respectively. About 28 % of caregivers believed that their children needed to be fed only 2–3 times/d. Reasons for having adult supervision during child meal times, feeding diverse foods, prioritising a child to receive ASF and the perceived child benefits of ASF differed across zones (P<0·001). Households with caregivers belonging to the highest tertile of nutrition knowledge and attitude scores consumed more diverse diets compared with those of caregivers in the lowest tertile group (11·2 (sd 2·2) v. 10·0 (sd 2·4); P<0·001). After controlling for the effect of agro-ecological zone, caregivers’ nutrition knowledge and feeding attitudes positively predicted household dietary diversity and the frequency and diversity of children’s ASF intakes (P<0·001). The number of years of formal education of caregivers also positively predicted household dietary diversity and children’s ASF diversity (P<0·001). A key component to improving child nutrition is to understand the context-specific nutrition knowledge and feeding attitudes in order to identify relevant interventions.
Insiders and outsiders: policy and care workers in Taiwan's long-term care system
Authors: CHEN CHEN-FEN
Published: November 2015

As in many developed countries, foreign care-givers have made up a short-term labour force to help shoulder the responsibilities of older adult care in Taiwan since 1992. This study uses the dual labour market and the occupational segregation theoretical frameworks and a mixed-method approach to examine whether foreign care-givers are supplementary or have replaced Taiwanese care-givers in Taiwan's long-term care (LTC) industry, and to understand better the status of care workers and their influx into the secondary labour market. As of 2012, 189,373 foreign workers joined the care services, compared to 7,079 Taiwanese, indicating they are no longer supplementary. The gap between the dual care system and workforce regulation has resulted in occupation segregation, and the secondary care labour market has been divided into ‘institutional’ and ‘home’ spheres, segregating care-givers into three levels: all Taiwanese care-givers, foreign institutional care-givers, and foreign home care-givers, the latter being the cheapest, most obedient and most adaptable LTC products. This case exhibits the ‘particularistic’ associations between nationality and care-givers’ workplace, which should be abolished. Only by squarely facing the changes and impacts caused by importing workers into the secondary labour market can one propose concrete, effective LTC labour plans and retention policies.
Developing internal and external motivations towards the dominant language: Some data from Finland
Authors: Vincze László , Henning-Lindblom Anna , Holley Peter
Published: November 2015

Taking a self-determination perspective, the present study aims at assessing how the linguistic background shapes internal and external motivation towards Finnish among young Swedish-speaking Finns. Self-report questionnaire data were collected in 2014 among students in Swedish language secondary schools in Esbo/Espoo and Raseborg/Raasepori in Finland (N= 233). The results demonstrated that bilinguals are more internally motivated towards Finnish, whereas Swedish speakers are more externally motivated towards Finnish. Furthermore, while Swedish speakers in both Swedish-dominated and Finnish-dominated localities reported the same level of external motivation, bilinguals in the Swedish-dominated locality reported higher level of external motivation than did bilinguals in the Finnish-dominated locality. These findings and their theoretical implications are discussed.
MYC-induced reprogramming of glutamine catabolism supports optimal virus replication
Authors: Thai Minh , Thaker Shivani K. , Feng Jun , Du Yushen , Hu Hailiang , Ting Wu Ting , Graeber Thomas G. , Braas Daniel , Christofk Heather R.
Published: November 2015

Viruses rewire host cell glucose and glutamine metabolism to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of viral propagation. However, the mechanism by which viruses reprogram glutamine metabolism and the metabolic fate of glutamine during adenovirus infection have remained elusive. Here, we show MYC activation is necessary for adenovirus-induced upregulation of host cell glutamine utilization and increased expression of glutamine transporters and glutamine catabolism enzymes. Adenovirus-induced MYC activation promotes increased glutamine uptake, increased use of glutamine in reductive carboxylation and increased use of glutamine in generating hexosamine pathway intermediates and specific amino acids. We identify glutaminase (GLS) as a critical enzyme for optimal adenovirus replication and demonstrate that GLS inhibition decreases replication of adenovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and influenza A in cultured primary cells. Our findings show that adenovirus-induced reprogramming of glutamine metabolism through MYC activation promotes optimal progeny virion generation, and suggest that GLS inhibitors may be useful therapeutically to reduce replication of diverse viruses.
Magnetite nanoparticles facilitate methane production from ethanol via acting as electron acceptors
Authors: Yang Zhiman , Shi Xiaoshuang , Wang Chuanshui , Wang Lin , Guo Rongbo
Published: November 2015

Potential for interspecies hydrogen transfer within paddy soil enrichments obtained via addition of magnetite nanoparticles and ethanol (named as PEM) was investigated. To do this, PEM derived from rice field of Hangzhou (named as PEM-HZ) was employed, because it offered the best methane production performance. Methane production and Fe (III) reduction proceeded in parallel in the presence of magnetite. Inhibition experiments with 2-bromoethane sulfonate (BES) or phosphate showed that interspecies hydrogen transfer and Fe (III) reduction also occurred in methane production from ethanol. 16S rRNA-based Illumina sequencing results showed that Dechloromonas, Thauera, Desulfovibrio and Clostridium were the dominant putative Fe (III) -reducers and that hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium accounted for about 88% of the total archaeal community. These results indicated that magnetite nanoparticles that acted as electron acceptor could facilitate rapid oxidation of ethanol by members of the Fe (III) -reducers in PEM-HZ and establishment of the syntrophic relationship of Fe (III) -reducers with Methanobacterium via interspecies hydrogen transfer. Our results could offer a model to understand the microbial interaction with magnetite from a novel angle during methanogenesis.
Ocean acidification and global warming impair shark hunting behaviour and growth
Authors: Pistevos Jennifer C. A. , Nagelkerken Ivan , Rossi Tullio , Olmos Maxime , Connell Sean D.
Published: November 2015

Alterations in predation pressure can have large effects on trophically-structured systems. Modification of predator behaviour via ocean warming has been assessed by laboratory experimentation and metabolic theory. However, the influence of ocean acidification with ocean warming remains largely unexplored for mesopredators, including experimental assessments that incorporate key components of the assemblages in which animals naturally live. We employ a combination of long-term laboratory and mesocosm experiments containing natural prey and habitat to assess how warming and acidification affect the development, growth and hunting behaviour in sharks. Although embryonic development was faster due to temperature, elevated temperature and CO2 had detrimental effects on sharks by not only increasing energetic demands, but also by decreasing metabolic efficiency and reducing their ability to locate food through olfaction. The combination of these effects led to considerable reductions in growth rates of sharks held in natural mesocosms with elevated CO2, either alone or in combination with higher temperature. Our results suggest a more complex reality for predators, where ocean acidification reduces their ability to effectively hunt and exert strong top-down control over food webs.
Loss resilience for two-qubit state transmission using distributed phase sensitive amplification
Authors: Dailey James M. , Agarwal Anjali , Toliver Paul , Peters Nicholas A.
Published: November 2015

We transmit phase-encoded non-orthogonal quantum states through a 5-km long fibre-based distributed optical phase-sensitive amplifier (OPSA) using telecom-wavelength photonic qubit pairs. The gain is set to equal the transmission loss to probabilistically preserve input states during transmission. While neither state is optimally aligned to the OPSA, each input state is equally amplified with no measurable degradation in state quality. These results promise a new approach to reduce the effects of loss by encoding quantum information in a two-qubit Hilbert space which is designed to benefit from transmission through an OPSA.
Embryo development in association with asymbiotic seed germination in vitro of Paphiopedilum armeniacum S. C. Chen et F. Y. Liu
Authors: Zhang Yan-Yan , Wu Kun-Lin , Zhang Jian-Xia , Deng Ru-Fang , Duan Jun , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Huang Wei-Chang , Zeng Song-Jun
Published: November 2015

This paper documents the key anatomical features during the development ofP. armeniacumzygotic embryos and their ability to germinate asymbioticallyin vitro. This study also examines the effect of media and seed pretreatments on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Seeds collected from pods 45 days after pollination (DAP) did not germinate while 95 DAP seeds displayed the highest seed germination percentage (96.2%). Most seedlings (50%) developed to stage 5 from 110 DAP seeds whose compact testa had not yet fully formed. Suspensor cells were vacuolated, which enabled the functional uptake of nutrients. The optimum basal medium for seed germination and subsequent protocorm development was eighth-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/8MS) for 95 DAP seeds and ¼MS for 110 DAP seeds. Poor germination was displayed by 140 DAP seeds with a compact testa. Pretreatment of dry mature seeds (180 DAP) with 1.0% sodium hypochlorite solution for 90 min or 40 kHz of ultrasound for 8 min improved germination percentage from 0 to 29.2% or to 19.7%, respectively. Plantlets that were at least 5 cm in height were transplanted to a Zhijing stone substrate for orchids and 85.3% of plantlets survived 180 days after transplanting.