bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSEPSI KARYAWAN KONTRAK DALAM MEMAHAMI KEPEMIMPINAN DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA
Authors: Marheta Venna Rosia , Sintyasari Ita
Published: April 2022

The development of an increasingly globalized and competitive industry, many entrepreneurs apply a contract employee system, this is one of the tactics in facing global competition. Employees with legal contract status generally have a weak position in a company, if someone with contract employee status makes a mistake, their working relationship with an agency can be easily terminated without conditions. Every company must pay attention to the level of leadership ability in this case a manager in communicating properly and correctly to all employees so as to create a good family climate which can ultimately improve employee performance. Increasing effective and correct leadership is one aspect of the effectiveness of employee work. The dominant leadership role is very important, especially when it is associated with the necessity to interact with an ever-changing and evolving environment, partly because of the rapid advances in science and technology.
PERAN MOTIVASI KERJA DALAM MEMEDIASI KOMPENSASI DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Realita Tasnim Nikmatullah
Published: April 2022

It is important to know the role of work motivation as a mediator of the influence of remuneration on the performance of the Malang Family Population Planning and Control Department, as the population in Malang area is the main task of planning and serving the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct influence of remuneration and motivation on work results and the mediating role of motivational variables is the influence of remuneration on the work results of employees of the Department. Population Control and Family Planning in Malang Regency. The sample for this study included employees of the Malang Department of Population Control and Family Planning with a total of 63 employees. This study uses path analysis. The results of the study explain that there is a direct influence of compensation and motivation on employee performance. This dynamic can minimize the impact of compensation on the performance of the Bureau of Population Control and Family Planning staff in Malang Regency.
Dielectric Behaviour of PVP 360 and PVA for Thin Flexible Transistors Application
Authors: Herbei Elena Emanuela , Busila Mariana , Alexandru Petrica , Epure Silviu , Musat Viorica
Published: April 2022

Despite important progress in the field of the thin flexible transistor (TFT)-based electronics, a major challenge still exist for organic TFTs to decrease the operating voltage, which is related to the properties of the dielectric and semiconductor layers from the OTFTs structure. In this paper, we present the electrical behavior of two biocompatible polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 360) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), regarding the application as insulating layer in thin-film transistors. The PVA and PVP 360 thin films were deposited onto epoxy resin copper double-sided layer and polyethylene tere-phthalate/Indium tin oxide (PET/ITO) substrates by sol-gel method, spin-coating technique. Two sol concentrations (1 and 5 wt. %) were prepared and the contact angle onto the used substrates was measured using a digital microscope camera. The obtained films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dielectrical behaviour. For electrical measurements, the metal-insulating-metal (MIM) structure was realized by cooper electrodes deposition at room temperature, onto the top of thin films, by magnetron sputtering method. The current (I) - applied voltage (from -5 to +5 V) curves were measured in air at room temperature (RT), using the Picoammeter homemade device. PVA and PVP 360 thin films showed low leakage currents with values within � 2 nA for �5 V range.
Recycling of Carbon Fiber Laminates by Thermo-mechanical Disassembly and Hybrid Panel Compression Molding
Authors: Proietti Alice , Iorio Leandro , Gallo Nicola , Regi Marco , Bellisario Denise , Quadrini Fabrizio , Santo Loredana
Published: April 2022

An innovative recycling process for thermoset composite laminates is proposed by thermo-mechanical disassembly and further compression molding of hybrid thermoformable composite plates. Due to the thermo-mechanical process, single cured plies are extracted from the waste laminate. Subsequently re-lamination is performed by interposing thermoplastic films between the reclaimed composite plies. Final consolidation is carried out by compression molding. In order to show the feasibility of the novel recycling technology, carbon fiber reinforced composite plates by autoclave molding were thermo-mechanically disassembled in a manual roll bending machine after heating in oven. Reclaimed cured plies were laminated by alternating thermoplastic interlayers made of low density polyethylene. The hybrid laminate was consolidated at the temperature of 220�C and the holding pressure of 38.5 bar. Results from bending tests on virgin and recycled plates showed the very good agglomeration of the hybrid samples and the optimal preservation of performances of initial cured plies of the virgin material into the recycled plate.
Green P(AAm-co-DADMAC) Copolymeric Material as Catalyst for Synthesis of Potential Phytohormones of Phenylazophenoxy-acetic Acids by Phase Transfer
Authors: Bratulescu George
Published: April 2022

Several phenylazophenoxyacetic acid derivatives were obtained starting from azophenols and ethyl chloroacetate by an environmentally friendly approach. The synthesis reaction was carried out in heterogeneous medium using P(AAm-co-DADMAC) copolymer. Good results have been obtained thanks to phase transfer catalysis. Retrosynthetic and structural analysis were performed.
Research on Obtaining Nanostructured Surfaces Efficient in Combating Microbial Biofilm
Authors: Tatar Adina Milena , Mihut Nicoleta Maria , Pasare Minodora Maria , Cirtina liviu , Alecsoiu Olivia Roxana , Pasculescu Dragos , Avramoiu Roxana
Published: April 2022

Infections that occur after the insertion of biomedical devices are a major problem; potential sources of infection are due to the adhesion of bacteria on the surface of implants, bacteria that form biofilms. In order to combat or to effectively prevent various microbial, which occur in medical procedures, we try to make compounds and materials that prevent the formation or development of microbial biofilm. The aim of this study was to obtain nanostructured surfaces based on magnetite, carboxymethylcellulose and ceftriaxone, as films with anti-infective properties in order to use them in the field of current biomedicine. To obtain nanostructured surfaces with high non-stick potential, the carboxymethylcellulose-functionalized magnetite powder was homogenized with an anti-infective agent, ceftriaxone. From the analysis of the obtained results it was found that the nanostructured surfaces obtained had a strong antimicrobial character infections and can be used successfully in the coating of medical implants, in order to combat the microbial biofilm.
HA/HDPE Reinforced with MWCNTs for Bone Reconstruction and Replacement Application
Authors: Al-Allaq Ali A. , Kashan Jenan S. , El-Wakad Mohamed T. , Soliman Ahmed M.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to demonstrate how the effect of adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanoparticles to the (Hydroxyapatite /High-density polyethylene) bio-composites. In this investigation, the samples with various percentages of (MWCNTs) were fabricated by a hot-press technique. The morphological characteristics, roughness of the surface and thermal properties of the bio-composite samples (HA/HDPE/MWCNTs) were investigated. The excellent homo-geneous distribution of the internal fibrous network and microstructure arrangements were among the most prominent characteristics obtained through FE-SEM and AFM examinations. The degree of crystallinity showed that the (MWCNTs) additives enhance by an increase of approximately (35%), compared with pure sample (without addition MWCNTs). Based on the experimental results obtained, the fabrication of the presented bio-composites sample exhibited the excellent characteristics that make them promising material for biomedical application as a substitute material for hard tissue likes bone reconstruction.
Experimental Investigation of Pterocarpus Marsupium Resin/LY 556 Epoxy Blended Hybrid Polymer Material
Authors: Srinivasan Prasath , Somasundaram Dharmalingam , Subramanian Rajendiran , Vajjiram Santhanam
Published: April 2022

In this work an attempt had been made to hybridise the Epoxy resin by incorporating the Pterocarpus Marsupium natural resin powder derived from the Pterocarpus Marsupium tree. The mechanical, dynamic mechanical, biodegradability and thermal stability of the blended polymer was evaluated at different Pterocarpus Marsupium resin particulate loading (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 v/v %). The composite specimens were fabricated by using hand layup method. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength had shown significant improvement than the tensile modulus and flexural modulus due to blending, the experimental results indicated that the better properties of the blended polymer were obtained at 30% v/v Pterocarpus Marsupium resin incorporated Epoxy polymer. Soil burial test revealed that the incorporation of bio resin resulted in weight loss of the blended polymer over prolonged period of time.
Influential Parameters and Multi Objective Optimization of Bagasse and Palm Kernel Natural Fibre Plates Using Taguchi Assisted Topsis
Authors: Subramanian Krishnakumar , Mani Ilangkumaran
Published: April 2022

Composites that have a good to lower weight ratio can be used to replace conventionally used Engineering Materials. The properties of natural fibers are almost equal to that of artificial fibres. Natural fibers can be used in many applications and is also a cost-effective material. Bagasse fibre reinforced with dry palm kernel fibre powder is used to improve mechanical properties and fabricated in plate form. In this research work, the input constraints that have been used to fabricate the plate are 10, 20, 30 wt% of bagasse fibre, 10, 20, 30 wt% of palm kernel fibre, at 10, 15, 20 MPa compression pressure and 2, 4, 6 mm of speciemn thickness respectively. The optimization has been performed by Taguchi L27 orthogonal array and influence of output parameters viz. Tensile Strength (MPa), Flexural Strength (MPa) and Hardness (Hv) have been measured by using statistical analysis of variance. The multi-criteria decision making of the output parameters has been performed by Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). This research offers new insight into decision-making, particularly in the optimization part, to increase the strength and mechanical property of natural fiber composites.
Multi-disciplinary Optimizations on Flexural Behavioural Effects on Various Advanced Aerospace Materials: A validated investigation
Authors: Gnanasekaran Raj Kumar , Shanmugam Balasubramanian , Raja Vijayanandh , Kathiresan Sakthipandi
Published: April 2022

Generally, the importance of bending test has been employed to analyse the induction level of internal resistance of its larger face size of the test speciemens. Comparatively, stress induction is quite larger at the perpendicular face, where the bending load has been initiated its point of contact. Therefore the estimation of the location of maximum stress induction on bending test specimen must be analysed for the purpose to estimate the breaking point of test specimen, which supported a lot in the lifespan estimation of a component. In this work, three different composites are selected under the category of primary composites and thereby underwent the bending testing for the purpose of material refinement to tackle compressive load based applications. Three-Point flexural tests are conducted on the primary composites. The internal molecules bonds at peak loads are visulaized through SEM approach. Thus, the perfect inital and boundary conditions for computational strurtual analyses are found out. Ansys Workbench is an advancement tool, which is used in this work for composite generation and structural simulations. All the computational tests are effectively executed with the help of advanced coupling facility between different working environments. Finally, the numerical results are compared with experimental results and then suitable material is shortlsted based on high load withstand capacity. Additionally, the conventional analytical approaches are used to validate the flexural outcomes. Further, the advanced finite element analyses are expanded to advanced composites materials such as nanocomposites, shape memory alloys based composites, and sandwich composites. From the above all studies, the superior material is finalized based on the outcomes of this multi-inclusive investigations.
ESTIMATION OF INCOME INEQUALITY AND FACTOR DETERMINATION OF INCOME VARIATION IN WEST BENGAL USING NSSO DATA
Authors: Choudhury Sangita
Published: April 2022

The paper initially attempts assessing extent of income inequality for various social, religious and regional categories, merging rural and urban areas of West Bengal and applying Gini index on 50th and 68th rounds of NSSO employment unemployment survey data. As a comparative study, the result of the paper suggests for almost all categories, irrespective of classification, extent of income inequality increased during the time interval and within a particular time variation in inequality is also found across most of the categories. Further, the paper expands to identify the factors, responsible for variation in income considering different NSSO regions of West Bengal. The results for different NSSO regions show similarity in significance for some explanatory variables and reveals dissimilarity for some others. Age, general education, sector, land possessed, year, religion and socially backward categories appear as significant variables to explain variation in income irrespective of NSSO regions as well as for the state as a whole.
A GLANCE INTO THE WORLD OF GIG ECONOMY: A REVIEW & BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: . Maitri , Bhati Parulkumari
Published: April 2022

Purpose –Comprehensive review of the existing literature has been done to analyze the theoretical concepts and current developments in the domain of Gig Economy. Exploring current trend of Gig Economy is the aim of this paper. Further future research agenda will also be identified & set.
Research Method – 526 papers from the web of science database was analyzed. Comprehensive explorations of papers have been done by two tier method.Bibliometric analysis helped to understand current state of affair on this topic. Systematic literature review analysis of few papers was conducted for identifying different domain of research
Findings –Extensive review of the existing literature has been provided, based on the bibliometric analysis. This study also highlights future research themes by identifying knowledge gaps based on literature review.
Research Limitations/Implications – State of Gig Economy have been explained for few years only. Web of science title search reflected papers for five years only. This research can be extended on the database of Scopus for extended number of years to gain deep insights on this topic. Multiple dynamics of Gig economy has not been explored, which is required to be explored to evaluate its impact specifically in the domain of human resource. All human resource management decisions are required to be taken meticulously not just by evaluating its impact on ROI but also valuing its impact on human mind.Orgnaizations should keep human sentiments, its overall spillover effect in mind while adopting strategies right from human resource planning,recruitment,onbaording,salary framework,training,mentoring to firing. Research of this kind will add human element in hiring & firing decisions.
Originality/value – To develop an exhaustive overview & understanding of the research in the area of Gig Economy, bibliometric analysis & literature review has been done. Future researcher will be able to orient their research in the identified area.
Design and optimization of the sustainable natural gas liquefaction process plant: A process system engineering approach
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ali Wahid
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of the world economy and technologies, the energy demand is increasing. Based on the current regulations energy sectors need low-emission and low-carbon energy solutions. Natural gas (NG) is considered a green future fuel that is usually stored and transported as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid. The liquefied NG has 1/600th of its volume which helps in transportation. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) operations are the most energyintensive techniques. During refrigeration and liquefaction, the units of the LNG consume around ∼40−50% of the entire LNG supply chain energy. To date, the simplest single mixed refrigerant (SMR) cycle-based NG liquefaction plants have exergy efficiencies of around 26.97%. Moreover, the conventional SMR process utilizes a hydrocarbon-based mixed refrigerant (i.e., C1 to C3 and N2) mixture that is further harmful to the ecosystem. In this research work, it was found that the addition of eco-friendly hydro-fluoro-olefin (HFO123yf) with conventionally used refrigerants reduces energy consumption under the same conditions. Further hydraulic turbines were proposed to replace the expansion valves require for the Joule Thompson cooling effect that further increasing the process reversibility and energy efficiency. Hence, this research utilizes the optimization of the HFO based modified mixed refrigerant mixture (HSMR) for optimal operation of the LNG plant. The evaluated result shows that the proposed stochastic biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm successfully reduces the overall energy consumption by 0.232 kW/kg-NG. This energy consumption is about 41.709 % compared to our base case study and it was 36% more efficient compared to the conventional SMR published study. This research further explores the sensitive decision variables that affect power consumption using the sensitivity analysis index method. The sensitivity indices may enable us to operate the plant in any abrupt changing or uncertain conditions when needed quick optimization using only a few key sensitive optimizing variables which are useful for real-time plant optimization. Moreover, the economic analysis of the proposed plant shows a total annualized cost of 6,158,000 USD with a 20% rate of return, per year.
ARCHIVING TRADITIONAL HOUSES THROUGH DIGITAL SOCIAL MAPPING: AN INNOVATION APPROACH FOR LIVING HERITAGE CONSERVATION IN JAVA
Authors: Suprapti Atiek , Sejati Anang Wahyu , Pandelaki Edward Endrianto , Sardjono Agung Budi
Published: April 2022

Indonesia has various types of traditional houses, one of which is the most unique architectural work that is the Joglo Pencu (JP) house. It also has a meaning by reason of a symbol which defines as the development of culture and identity. The role of community in the conservation of cultural heritage buildings is very important. However, due to the pressure of urbanization, many heritage buildings transitioned into modern houses. The study area is the historic area of Kudus city, which previously had a significant influence on Islamic architecture due to its residential model. This study aims to provide a social mapping using GIS and primary survey involves community participation of living heritage. As a result, IT becomes the bridge between conservation needs and management patterns of structured organizations that connects all stakeholders. By innovation of digital social mapping, it will be a bridge for the participation of living heritage community with a more transparent and accountable conservation management. In this case, it is shown that Kudus has experienced cultural shifting and transition in traditional houses. The architectural design of the houses that was initially in JP has begun to disappear. The role of the community in social mapping is very decisive in providing data accuracy. Lacking in preservation and maintenance are the main factors, especially the minimum effort from local government. Therefore, active cooperation between cultural communities, communities, and the government is needed to be able to keep the existence of JP intact as a historical heritage building.
Temporal Analysis of GRB Precursors in the Third Swift-BAT Catalog
Authors: Li Liande , Mao Jirong
Published: April 2022

We select 52 long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that have precursor activity in the third Swift-BAT catalog. Each episode shown in both the precursors and the main bursts is fitted by the Norris function. We systematically analyze the temporal properties for both the precursors and the main bursts. We do not find any significant difference between the temporal profile of the precursor and that of the main burst. The photon count of the precursor is related to that of the main burst. It is indicated that the precursor and the main burst might have the same physical origin, as the precursor and the main burst follow the same τ

p
–ω relation. However, we do not find the explicit relation between the energy release of the precursor and the quiescent time. Some theoretical models, such as the fallback collapsar scenario and the jet-cocoon scenario, may be helpful to explain the GRB-precursor phenomena.
Superrotation of Titan’s Stratosphere Driven by the Radiative Heating of the Haze Layer
Authors: Sumi Motoki , Takehiro Shin-ichi , Ohfuchi Wataru , Nomura Hideko , Fujii Yuka
Published: April 2022

Titan’s stratosphere has been observed in a superrotation state, where the atmosphere rotates many times faster than the surface does. Another characteristic of Titan’s atmosphere is the presence of a thick haze layer. In this paper, we performed numerical experiments using a general circulation model to explore the effects of the haze layer on the stratospheric superrotation. We employed a semigray radiation model of Titan’s atmosphere following McKay et al., which takes account of sunlight absorption by the haze particles. The phase change of methane or seasonal changes were not taken into account. Our model with radiation parameters tuned for Titan yielded a global eastward wind around the equator with larger velocities at higher altitudes, except at around 70 km, after 105 Earth days. Although the atmosphere is not in an equilibrium state, the zonal wind profiles are approximately consistent with the observed one. By changing the parameters of the radiation model, we found that the intensity and the location of the maximum zonal wind velocity highly depended on the optical thickness and the altitude of the haze layer, respectively. Analysis of our experiments suggests that the quasi-stationary stratospheric superrotation is maintained by the balance between the meridional circulation decoupled from the surface and the eddies that transport angular momentum equatorward. This is different from, but similar to, the so-called Gierasch mechanism, in which momentum is supplied from the surface. This structure may explain the no-wind region at about 80 km in altitude.
Mixing of Condensable Constituents with H–He during the Formation and Evolution of Jupiter
Authors: Stevenson David J. , Bodenheimer Peter , Lissauer Jack J. , D’Angelo Gennaro
Published: April 2022

Simulations of Jupiter's formation are presented that incorporate mixing of H–He with denser material entering the planet as solids. Heavy compounds and gas mix substantially when the planet becomes roughly as massive as Earth, because incoming planetesimals can fully vaporize. Supersaturation of vaporized silicates causes the excess to sink as droplets, but water remains at higher altitudes. Because the mean molecular weight decreases rapidly outward, some of the compositional inhomogeneities produced during formation can survive for billions of years. After 4.57 Gyr, our Jupiter model retains compositional gradients; proceeding outward, one finds (i) an inner heavy-element core, the outer part derived from hot supersaturated rain-out; (ii) a composition-gradient region, containing most of the heavy elements, where H–He abundance increases outward, reaching about 0.9 mass fraction at 0.3 of the radius, with silicates enhanced relative to water in the lower parts and depleted in the upper parts; (iii) a uniform-composition region (neglecting He immiscibility) that is enriched over protosolar and contains most of the planet’s mass; and (iv) an outer region where cloud formation (condensation) of heavy constituents occurs. This radial compositional profile has heavy elements more broadly distributed than predicted by classical formation models but less diluted than suggested by Juno-constrained gravity models. The compositional gradients in the region containing the bulk of the heavy elements prevent convection, in both our models and those fitting current gravity, resulting in a hot interior where much of the accretion energy remains trapped.
Fine-scale abundance of rocky shore macroalgae species with distribution limits in NW Iberia in 2020/2021
Authors: Pereira Joana , Monteiro Catia , Seabra Rui , Lima Fernando
Published: April 2022

Climate change has been increasing at an unprecedented rate in the last decades. Global warming has been causing a variety of impacts in marine ecosystems, including shifts in the geographical ranges of species. The north-western Iberian Peninsula coast is particularly interesting to study distribution shifts as it features a strong latitude thermal gradient, establishing a biogeographical transitional region where several cold- and warm-adapted species have their equatorward or poleward distributions. In the early 2000s, it appeared that, while warm-water species were already responding to warming, cold-water species did not display a coherent response. It is now necessary to gather up-to-date data on the distribution of the same group of species to understand if current patterns of change confirm or deny those observed back then, which may give us important clues about the mechanisms setting species limits in the area.

This study provides a fine-scale description of the occurrence of intertidal macroalgae species in the rocky shores of the north-western Iberian coast. Specifically, the spatial distribution and semi-quantitative abundance of 34 native and invasive species were assessed at 70 wave-exposed locations. This included 19 species of cold-water affinity, 10 species of warm-water affinity and five neutral species. When contrasted with historical observations, these new data can be used to quantify and map biodiversity change in the region, as well as help understanding the mechanisms constraining species distributions.
Revision of the genus Woldstedtius Carlson, 1979 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae) from Japan
Authors: Morishita Shunsuke , Watanabe Kyohei
Published: April 2022

Japanese species of the genus Woldstedtius Carlson, 1979 are revised. Nine species are recorded from Japan, including two new species, W. alpicolasp. nov. and W. punctatussp. nov.Woldstedtius biguttatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) is newly recorded from Japan. Taxonomic status of W. flavolineatus kuroashii (Uchida, 1957) is changed from the subspecies of W. flavolineatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) to a separated species. Woldstedtius holarcticus (Diller, 1969) is newly synonymized under W. kuroashii (Uchida, 1957). A key to Japanese species of this genus is provided.
A contribution to the genus Didrepanephorus Wood-Mason, 1878 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae)
Authors: Zhao Ming-Zhi , Liu Wei-Xin
Published: April 2022

The diagnostic characters of the generaDidrepanephorusWood-Mason, 1878 andFruhstorferiaKolbe, 1894 are clarified. The following nomenclatorial acts are proposed:Didrepanephorus birmanicus(Arrow, 1907),comb. nov.,Didrepanephorus fukinukii(Muramoto & Araya, 2000),comb. nov.,Fruhstorferia baron(Prokofiev, 2013),comb. nov., andFruhstorferia anthracinaOhaus, 1903,comb. rev.Didrepanephorus tangzhaoyangiZhao & Liu,sp. nov.is described from Yunnan Province, China. A lectotype is designated forFruhstorferia birmanicaArrow, 1907.Didrepanephorus mizunumaiNagai & Hirasawa, 1991 is reported from Myanmar for the first time.
Nothotytthonyx, a new genus of Malthininae (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar
Authors: Li Yan-Da , Biffi Gabriel , Kundrata Robin , Huang Di-Ying , Cai Chen-Yang
Published: April 2022

A new fossil genus and species of Cantharidae, Nothotytthonyx serratus Li, Biffi, Kundrata & Cai gen. et sp. nov., is reported from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new species is tentatively attributed to the extant subfamily Malthininae based on a combination of characters, including the symmetrical apical maxillary palpomeres, shortened elytra, pronotum with arched margins and well-defined borders, tibiae with apical spurs, and tarsal claws simple, although its well-developed gonostyli are atypical in Malthininae. The discovery of Nothotytthonyx also suggests a possible Gondwanan origin for Malthininae.
Configurations of new ventures and SMEs: a literature review of empirical research
Authors: Michor Lukas
Published: April 2022

This article aims at analyzing configuration studies and their respective variable selection in the context of entrepreneurship and SMEs. New ventures as well as SMEs are both confronted with a high amount of dynamism and complexity. The configuration approach is well suited to capture that and allows researchers to model and analyze the performance and change of these ventures. This perspective focuses on identifying classifications of firms that resemble each other along mutual interactive dimensions (Short et al., 2008). In the first part, the theoretical background of this paper is presented. Following that, the existing configuration literature is reviewed. 34 articles meet the tight selection criteria, which determine an article’s inclusion. In a next step, the characteristics of the whole sample are discussed and the variable selection of the papers is analyzed in detail. Similarities as well as varieties between the different articles are highlighted and if available the reasoning behind the variable selection is also presented. In order to provide a systematic overview, the variables are categorized in four domains (person, structure and resources, strategy, environment), which encompass contextually related variables. It shows that strategy and environment are the two domains, which were examined most often. More than 90% of the analyzed articles incorporated variables within these domains. However, not even half of the studies focused on the person. Furthermore, factors that are intensively discussed in entrepreneurship literature but were not included in any study are described in this paper.
From Firm Network to a Sector-System of Production and Innovation: A Case Study of Innovation Policy Initiative
Authors: Frykfors Carl-Otto
Published: April 2022

This paper examines innovation policy making during the transition of innovative ideas into mature industries within building/construction and mineral extraction/mining industries. The main focus is how interaction occurs between major stakeholders and intermediating actors and how industrial change processes are orchestrated. A case study approach examines the rather complex processes occurring within industrial sector development. Two main success criteria were observed: (1) continuity in initial vision and leadership and (2) a clear intention to achieve strategic interplay and knowledge fusion between heterogonous industrial sectors. Currently, this has been achieved in a classic way using R&D and technology development approaches combined with explorative market development to co-ordinate and allow knowledge fusion between the sectors. The transition process is illustrated in four phases: (1) idea and start-up, (2) formation of a technical R&D programme and networking, (3) consolidation of actor networks and formation of an embryological innovation system, and (4) development of a more sector-based production and innovation system.
Learning entrepreneurship by entrepreneurial learning?
Authors: de Krosse Luc E.P.T.
Published: April 2022

That entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education is a relevant topic nowadays is evident (van Praag, 2006; van der Sluis, 2007; The Oslo Agenda for Entrepreneurship Education in Europe, 2006). This is confrontating universities of applied sciences in the Netherlands with a great challenge, namely to educate more and better entrepreneurs. Main goal of universities of applied sciences is to prepare students to become successful in their profession. Specific for entrepreneurial education programmes we can state that it is their purpose to prepare students to become successful entrepreneurs. From literature it seems that motives and competencies are the most important objectives for educators to focus upon. But are they achieving these goals? Are students, after attending an entrepreneurial education program, more motivated to become entrepreneurs and are they more competent to become successful than before? This research intends to answer the questions whether there is an effect on the development of relevant motives and competencies, whether there is an influence of the learning environment on these effects and whether there are certain causes for the reason that one program has minimum or no effects and other programs have greater effects. For answering these questions every entrepreneurial program will be positioned in a didactic model and all students of the entrepreneurial programs will be asked to make a selfassessment before and after attending the program. After this it should be clear what kind of educational programs are more effective than others. For answering the final question, which are the causes of the differences in effects of the different kinds of program, it will be necessary to interview the responsible developers and teachers.
Knowledge Transfer and Disseminative Capacity: a review and propositions for further research on academic knowledge transfer
Authors: Kuiken Janna
Published: April 2022

The process of knowledge transfer is extensively studied from a variety of theoretical orientations. In this study the authors adopt a communication theory point of view as their orientation and focus on the dissemination capacity. After a review of the literature the authors focus on the disseminative capacity of universities and formulate four propositions that give directions for further research.
Psychology in Entrepreneurship and Economic Evolution
Authors: Reschke Carl H.
Published: April 2022

In this paper I describe the processes of internal and external selection of a business project before official founding. I put particular emphasis on the psychological processes of 'internal' selection in an aspiring entrepreneur. The project deals with development and commercialisation of innovative DNA-Biochips. These can be used to detect gene-based health conditions and in drug discovery. The case study is used to test some conjectures on the operation of evolutionary principles in economics and to identify similar and differing characteristics in visionary technologists and entrepreneurs.
Small firms more often develop strategies for opportunities instead of opportunities for strategies, which frequently leads to no-go decisions: a comparative case study on foreign entry into China
Authors: Oortwijn Maud
Published: April 2022

In an uncertain, unknown foreign business environment small firms face a high chance of faillure, as they base international expansion more often on one local opportunity. A total of 25 Dutch firms are studied while making Go/No-Go decisions for 54 business activities in or with China. The research is unique in that it follows firms of different size over time, while they make highly strategic choices in an uncertain and unknown foreign business environment. Insight is gathered on firm characteristics, opportunity identification, the strategic advantage, the Go/No-Go decision and the strategy process leading to these choices. The study shows how small firms more often build an international business strategy around one concrete opportunity in China. Other firms first identify a strategic advantage beneficial for the firm, after which they search for opportunities in China to fulfill these. When faced with disappointment, firms who seek opportunities in China for a strategic need, frequently postpone plans or continue to search for opportunities elsewhere. Small firms who develop a strategy that is triggered by a concrete opportunity in China, cancel the internationalization plan entirely when the opportunity considered is disappointing.
ValuePOLE: an ex-ante predictive revenue performance tool for NPD in SMEs
Authors: Sheahan Ann
Published: April 2022

Decision makers within SMEs face many competitive threats but also have a range of development opportunities available to them to advance the competitive position of their firm. These opportunities typically include development of new products and/or the improvement of their process performance. However it is very difficult to decide, ex-ante i.e. before-the-event, to which combination of new product development and/or improvement opportunities the SME should devote resources for the firm to maximise its economic performance. This is of strategic importance, given the limited resources available to SMEs. The ValuePOLE project addresses this challenge. ValuePOLE, a collaborative research project between academics and SME practitioners, is funded under the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme, Research for the Benefit of SMEs. Its objective is to deliver a Model, an ICT Tool and a Methodology to answer this challenge for the SME decision maker so that they can maximise their competitive position with the minimum investment of resources. This paper describes the project as well as the results to date at the four SME case study firms.
Quest for Space and Identity of the East Indian Diasporic Female Laborers
Authors: Roy Renuka Laxminarayan
Published: April 2022

The literature of the Indo-Caribbean is replete with stories of migration and enslavement of bonded laborers brought from India. The West Indian literary tradition has for a long period overlooked the issue of real representation of East Indian female folk. The Indo-Caribbean female writers started contesting their space in the West Indies literature in the 1970s and 80s. This chapter argues that Ramabai Espinet's anthology Nuclear Seasons (1991) delineates the evolving identity of East Indian indentured female laborers from the state of complete ‘obfuscation' to ‘self-assertion'. The expressions of an anguished individual who faces cultural alienation and displacement owing to her hyphenated identity forms the major subject of the poems in the collection under study. The chapter analyses and establishes the ascendance of the East Indian indentured female laborers from the state of complete ‘annihilation' to ‘self-actualization' and final ‘recuperation' as has been portrayed by Espinet.
Principal Leadership in an Online Environment
Authors: Perez Aaron M.
Published: April 2022

Principal leadership is a role that revolves around quickly changing tasks. In a broad sense, the ability of a principal leader to communicate clearly, build culture, and empower others has positive benefits that lead to school progress. Along with these skills, another skill to consider mastering is plan development and follow-through. Besides skill-related tasks, taking time to meet with staff to connect on a personal level and empowering staff to continue their professional development is a great method for building work culture, just as the leader would expect staff to connect with students. This is one technique for modeling how one would like his or her staff to interact with students. Lastly, this chapter will focus on some lessons learned from the pandemic, specifically revolved around leading through unknown territory, being comfortable with being uncomfortable, and focusing on the fundamentals of the organization.
Business Transformation and Enterprise Architecture Projects
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: April 2022

This chapter proposes the fundaments of artificial intelligence (AI) and is the basics of the author's framework that is specialized in transformation initiatives. The proposed natural language programming (NLP) concept is supported by the author's applied holistic mathematical model (AHMM) for AI (AHMM4AI) that is the result of research on AI, business, financial, and organizational transformations using applied mathematical models. This research is based on years of cross-functional research initiatives and on an authentic and proprietary mixed research method that is supported by an authentical version of an AI search tree, which is combined with an internal heuristics motor, which is applied to requirements NLP strategy. The proposed AHMM4AI-based NLP fundamentally functions like the human empiric decision-making process that can be compared to the behaviour-driven development methods, which are optimal for complex software engineering.
New Frontiers in Payment Services
Authors: Zammitti Maria Vittoria
Published: April 2022

The chapter will explore issues related to the Payment Initiation Service, currently subject to Directive 2015/2366/EU (Payment Services Directive II, PSD2) and, in Italy, to the Law Decree n. 11 of January 27th, 2010. It plays a relevant part in e-commerce payments establishing a software bridge between the website of the merchant and the online banking platform of the payer's account servicing payment service provider in order to initiate internet payments on the basis of a credit transfer. The transaction involves many actors, including some new entrants into the payment service market, such as third-party providers (TTPs). The chapter will deal with the nature of relations between payment service users and payment initiation service providers as well as those between the latter and account servicing payment service providers. It will also address criteria to allocate liability when a transaction initiated through a PISP was unauthorized, non-executed, or wrongfully or lately executed.
Blockchain and Smart Contracts
Authors: Garilli Chiara
Published: April 2022

New technologies making use of blockchains and smart contracts have been considered an efficient and innovative way to achieve the goal of effective copyright protection in the digital market. It is impossible to deny, however, that these innovative technologies raise serious questions about their compatibility with international, European, and national legislative frameworks, at least if we compare them with the original and most widely-used blockchain model (i.e., the so-called permissionless blockchain). Indeed, permissionless blockchains create a “law-free zone” resistant to any subsequent modification and judicial intervention. In this general context, this chapter aims to analyse the pros and cons of using blockchains and smart contracts in the context of copyright. It will also attempt to investigate possible legislative solutions at the national and supranational levels aimed at encouraging the use of these innovative technologies to the extent they are compatible with the existing regulatory framework.
Artificial Intelligence and Redress for Damages
Authors: Marchisio Emiliano
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence has innumerable applications in society. Algorithms have a certain degree of autonomy in their functioning. Therefore, their “behaviour” evolves over time, and the relationship of cause and effect, as regards causation of damages, may be not linear as we believe. Results of AI activity may be unpredictable despite no flaw in design or implementation. Many proposals were made in order to adapt civil liability rules in this. The author drafts here a proposal grounded on the ideas that (1) overall benefits of artificial intelligence evolution outweigh costs deriving therefrom, so that it should be encouraged or, at least, not hindered; (2) “traditional” civil liability rules (either based on fault or strict liability) may provide a negative incentive toward such evolution, insofar as they may impose the obligation to pay redress onto producers and programmers of AI devices despite no flaw in design or implementation. He proposes, in this respect, no-fault redress schemes as an interesting and worthy regulatory strategy to this end.
Old Rules for New Tools
Authors: Coggiola Nadia
Published: April 2022

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the features and problems posed by the damages that may be caused by the surge of new technologies, such as drones, artificial intelligence, and robots, and the solution found to those problems using the traditional civil liability tools of liability for fault, strict liability, and compulsory insurance. Notwithstanding the theoretically possible different remedies that could be applied in these cases, the authors discover that the traditional tools of liability for fault, strict liability, and compulsory insurance are most probably the best suited for the compensation of the damages caused by the new technologies.
Science, Technocracy, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Tarantino Giovanni
Published: April 2022

The chapter reflects the relationship between the advances that new scientific discoveries allow and their consequent and necessary legal regulation. Considering the fact that science does not always offer elements of definitive clarity and certainty on the issues, the reflections of this contribution must be read in the light of the current pandemic, considering the renewed relevance of the need to place ethical limits on scientific action today in order to guide the scientist toward the common good.
Supporting Preservice Elementary Teachers in Planning for Mathematical Discussions
Authors: Rupe Kathryn Mary , Borowski Rebecca S.
Published: April 2022

One goal for teacher preparation programs is to develop preservice teachers' ability to plan student-centered lessons that include meaningful mathematical discourse. The five practices for orchestrating productive mathematical discussions provides one framework for planning this critical component of mathematics instruction. This chapter discusses several strategies the authors implemented in undergraduate mathematics education courses. Mathematics teacher educators can use these strategies to support preservice teachers as they develop their understanding of mathematical discussions and their mathematical knowledge for teaching. The culminating activity, a three-part lesson planning sequence, prompts preservice teachers to apply knowledge of the five practices to plan responsive lessons in which student thinking is centered.
Reform-Based Mathematics in Kenya
Authors: Sitabkhan Yasmin , Platas Linda M. , Nduku Tabitha , Ralaingita Wendi
Published: April 2022

The focus of this chapter is to describe efforts to implement reform-based mathematics practices in Kenya preprimary classrooms. As much of the research behind reform-based practices comes from high-income contexts, the authors explore how practices can be adapted to middle income contexts through a case study with seven teachers. Using observations, surveys, and interviews, they present data around two key strategies common in reform-based math: questioning strategies and small group, hands-on work. They show that teachers struggled to use open ended questions, which may be related to their pedagogical knowledge. Teachers were successful with implementing small group work, especially after they were comfortable with the content. They discuss what types of research are needed to better understand how reform-based math practices can be adapted to be used across countries with varying levels of resources.