bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Právo sell-out z pohledu teorie a praxe
Authors: Špačková Michala
Published: April 2017

Právo odkupu (sell-out) patří k důležitým, byť v praxi ne příliš často využívaným, nástrojům ochrany menšinových akcionářů. Právní úprava sell-out tuto skutečnost odráží pouze částečně, kdy právo sell-out výslovně zakotvuje prostřednictvím generální klauzule, což lze vnímat jako jev pozitivní, nicméně dílčí pravidla realizace práva odkupu plně nereflektují specifickou povahu zkoumaného institutu. Cílem tohoto příspěvku není pouze vytknout největší nedostatky právní úpravy sell-out, ale rovněž nastínit v úvahu přicházející varianty řešení, zahrnující mimo jiné i možnost aplikace funkčně srovnatelného práva na odkup.
Nepominutelný dědic a jeho právo na povinný díl
Authors: Talandová Iveta
Published: April 2017

Nepominutelný dědic je klasickým pojmem soukromého práva, a jak je ze samotného pojmenování patrné, jde o osobu, která nemá být při dědění opomenuta. Na tohoto nepominutelného dědice by měl zůstavitel v případě pořízení pro případ smrti pamatovat a zanechat mu alespoň jeho zákonem stanovený povinný díl. Současná úprava výši povinného dílu oproti předchozí úpravě razantně zkrátila, a to až na takřka zanedbatelnou hodnotu, přičemž v rámci rekodifikační komise bylo diskutováno i o úplném zrušení tohoto institutu. V odborných i profesních kruzích se v souvislosti s tímto otevřely diskuze, zda je úprava povinného dílu ještě zapotřebí. Následující text, který je věnován historickému vývoji tohoto institutu, současné úpravě v občanském zákoníku, a také ústavněprávním aspektům tohoto institutu, by měl přinést další náhled do uvedené diskuze.
Trestní odpovědnost zastupitelů měst a obcí
Authors: Vicherek Roman
Published: April 2017

Ve své článku se hodlám věnovat trestní odpovědnosti úředních osob především se zaměřením na členy zastupitelstev měst a obcí. Podrobně se budu zabývat riziky, která z výkonu této funkce plynou a okolnostem, kdy z obavy těchto osoby z přepínání trestní represe vedou k situaci, kdy se nedaří řadu zastupitelstev především v menších obcích a městech obsadit.
Ustanovení občanského zákoníku o nájmu bytu a domu vhodná k technické novele
Authors: Hadamčík Lukáš
Published: April 2017

Autor se v příspěvku zaměří na ustanovení občanského zákoníku týkající se nájmu bytu, o nichž je přesvědčen, že jsou chybná. Jde např. o § 2202 odst. 1 věta druhá ObčZ, § 2252 ObčZ a § 2281 odst. 1 věta druhá ObčZ. Autor v příspěvku uvede, v čem spatřuje nesprávnost daných ustanovení, přičemž vyloží důvody, které jej k tomuto závěru vedou. Konečně navrhne, jakým způsobem by bylo vhodné vyložené nesprávnosti napravit.
Satisfação da equipe de enfermagem em serviços de saúde mental
Authors: Alves Sidnei Roberto , Santos Reginaldo Passoni dos , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda
Published: April 2017

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el grado de satisfacción profesional entre el personal de enfermería de una institución pública y el de un servicio de salud mental privado. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva transversal en dos servicios psiquiátricos, uno público y otro privado. En la investigación participaron 70 profesionales de enfermería. Para la recogida de datos, entre abril y mayo de 2013, se utilizó una herramienta de caracterización y para evaluar la satisfacción de los profesionales el instrumento SATIS-BR. Los resultados se analizaron con el software estadístico R, considerándose como significativo el valor de p <0,05. Los profesionales del servicio privado representaron el 70% (n = 49) de los sujetos. Sin embargo, independientemente de la institución, la mayoría de los participantes eran mujeres con nivel de instrucción medio o técnico. En cuanto a la satisfacción laboral, el personal del servicio público mostró puntuación media global de 3,53 puntos y el del servicio privado de 3,18 puntos, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (valor de p <0,001). Por lo tanto, se constató que, en el análisis general, el personal de enfermería que trabajaba en la institución pública estaba más satisfecho con el servicio.
Hanseníase e vulnerabilidade da saúde em belo horizonte, minas gerais
Authors: Rodrigues Rayssa Nogueira , Niitsuma Eyleen Nabyla Alvarenga , Bueno Isabela de Caux , Baquero Oswaldo Santos , Jardim Cassius Catão Gomes , Lana Francisco Carlos Félix
Published: April 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la distribución espacial de la lepra y su relación con el Índice de Vulnerabilidad en Salud (IVS). Se trata de un estudio ecológico de múltiples grupos de carácter analítico realizado en Belo Horizonte, Brasil, utilizando secciones censales como unidades de análisis. Los datos de los casos de lepra, notificados entre 2004 y 2013, se obtuvieron en el Sistema de Información sobre Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria. Para reflejar las condiciones de vida adversas utilizamos el IVS 2012, indicador compuesto preparado por la Secretaría de Salud Municipal de Belo Horizonte. La tasa suavizada se obtuvo mediante el método Bayés empírico global. Los resultados indican que las medianas de las tasas de detección de la lepra tienden a ser mayores a medida que aumenta la vulnerabilidad de acuerdo con el IVS, mientras que en los sectores pertenecientes a la categoría de riesgo muy alto o de categoría alto las medianas de las tasas son significativamente más altas en comparación con los sectores clasificados como riesgo bajo o medio (p<0,001). Las evidencias muestran la necesidad de intensificar las medidas para mejorar las condiciones de vida de las personas ya que en esta ciudad la incidencia de la lepra está vinculada a la desigualdad socioeconómica, confirmada por su relación con el IVS.
Conhecimento das mães sobre a alimentação de lactentes a partir dos seis meses de idade
Authors: Brasil Guilherme da Costa , Leon Casandra Genoveva Rosales Martins Ponce de , Ribeiro Laiane Medeiros , Schardosim Juliana Machado , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi
Published: April 2017

El período en que se ofrecen otros alimentos o líquidos además de la leche materna se conoce como de alimentación complementaria. Cualquier otro alimento ofrecido al lactante durante ese periodo se llama alimento complementario. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el conocimiento de las madres sobre la alimentación de lactantes a partir de los seis meses de vida. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo realizado con 30 madres de lactantes de un Centro de Salud de Ceilandia - Distrito Federal. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo en entrevistas semiestructuradas y su análisis se realizó según el análisis temático. Se ha podido constatar que las madres no están ofreciendo los alimentos como lo recomienda el Ministerio de Salud. Creen que ofrecen alimentación saludable pero los propios informes lo contradicen.
A New Take on an Old Square
Authors: Richardson Janessa , Bachman Rachel M.
Published: April 2017

A preservice teacher recounts historical perspectives and her own discoveries in the process of completing the square.
Math “Rules"” Prompt Reflection on Teachers' Identity
Authors: Yagi Seanyelle , Venenciano Linda
Published: April 2017

In a professional development session, teachers reflect on their mathematical practice following the reading of the MTMS article, “12 Math Rules that Expire.” The ideas in the article elicited teachers' awareness of mathematics that they emphasize in instruction and implications for student learning.
Fractions in Origami Pinwheels
Authors: Russell R. Alan
Published: April 2017

Modify traditional paper folding to review fraction concepts.
A fraction activity to understand sorting algorithms
Authors: King Barbara , Smith Carmen Petrick
Published: April 2017

In an activity integrating mathematics and computer science, students order fractions from least to greatest, reflect on the process they used, and make connections to sorting algorithms. Contributors to the iSTEM (Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) department share ideas and activities that stimulate student interest in the integrated STEM fields in K–grade 6 classrooms. Send submissions of no more than 1500 words to this department by accessing http://tcm.msubmit.net. See detailed submission guidelines for all departments at http://www.nctm.org/WriteForTCM.
Indigenous Emotional Intelligence Scale: Development and validation
Authors: Afolabi Olukayode Ayooluwa
Published: April 2017

In Nigeria, it seems there is sparse of indigenous measure of emotional intelligence. Therefore, this research fills a gap in literature by developing a valid and reliable indigenous scale. To achieve this, the author combined the Bar-On and Goleman’s models of emotional intelligence. In Study 1, 255 items were generated and were reduced to 198 based on expert advice. At the end of several analyses, 52 items were retained. These items were put in a questionnaire form and administered to 850 students in a university. The author determined the factorial validity of the scale using a sample of 834 participants who returned the scale. The scale (using varimax rotation method) was then subjected to principal component analysis and 40 items were retained in a 7 well defined factor structure. The factors/dimensions include interpersonal skill (r = .77), empathetic response (r = .73), stress tolerance (r = .69), optimism (r = .75), assertiveness (r = .78), problem solving (r = .74) and flexibility (r = .80). The scale has convergent validity because of its positive relationship with empathy (r = .67) and social intelligence (r = .79) and negative relationships with aggression (r = -.41) and impulsiveness (r = -.32). A test re-test reliability of .79 was also established for the scale.
Graphic creativity assessment: Psychometric properties in college students from Buenos Aires
Authors: Freiberg Hoffmann Agustín , Fernández Liporace Mercedes
Published: April 2017

Research on creativity has acquired major development due to its relevance concerning teaching in college. Its assessment is generally conducted by means of verbal and graphic measures. A short scale to measure verbal creativity (CREA) in college students from Buenos Aires is currently available. However, right now there are no similar scales designed to assess graphic creativity. In view of that, this study will analyse psychometric features of the ECG scale locally known as Evaluación de la Creatividad Gráfica – Graphic Creativity Assessment, to be employed in the academic milieu in order to provide a complementary measure of verbal creativity. Face and construct validity evidences (converging validity analysis and confirmatory factor analysis) were examined as well as reliability, taking into account internal consistency aspects, inter-rater and test-retest stability. The resulting scale showed adequate technical features. The original version, supported by De la Torre’s model, was composed by 12 indicators. This study’s findings maintained 9 of them but, considering new analyses, only 4 of the original ones were retained. This 4-indicator model obtained a better fit to empirical data and good indexes of correlation with a verbal creativity measure, as well as good reliability indicators (internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest). Findings are discussed taking into account theoretical basis.
Българска стандартизация на скалата за себеоценка на морис розенберг
Authors: Dilova Margarita , Papazova Eva , Koralov Metodi
Published: April 2017

Стандартизация на скалата за равнище на себеоценката на Розенберг беше извършена върху извадка от 1498 изследвани лица на възраст от 14 до 64 години. Българският вариант на скалата показа добра вътрешна консистентност (алфа на Кронбах – 0,82). Експлораторният факторен анализ доведе до двуфакторно решение, като негативните айтеми, както в много други изследвания, се обособяват във втори фактор. Не установихме различия между мъжете и жените в равнището на себеоценката. Изследваните, по-възрастни от 30 години, имат малко по-висока себеоценка от по-младитe: t(1496) = 3,52, p < 0,001, размер на ефекта d = 0,18. Средното равнище на себеоценка е с 5 пункта над теоретичната средна на скалата, с което се потвърждава универсално установяваната тенденция към висока себеоценка. Данните от редица изследвания със скалата са в подкрепа на нейната конструктна валидност.
Mass spectra of sulfonephthalein pH indicator dyes and their impurities
Authors: Easley Regina A. , Place Benjamin J.
Published: April 2017

Sulfonephthalein pH indicator dyes have historically been noted for impurities originating from the synthesis process, which lead to batch to batch differences in pH measurements. Uncertainties up to 0.1 pH units have been attributed to impurities in these reagents. In an effort to understand the extent of impurities in these dyes and the potential impact on the expanded uncertainty of spectrophotometric pH measurements, we have examined seven commercially available sulfonephthalein pH indicators using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS): bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), bromothymol blue (BTB), cresol red (CR), meta-cresol purple (MCP), phenol red (PR), and thymol blue (TB). Peaks eluting from the LC were subjected to fragmentation by mass spectrometry. The resulting dataset will aid in efforts to improve the synthesis or purification of these dyes.
The American Connection: Jean-Christophe Averty and his U.S. TV Contemporaries
Authors: Spigel Lynn
Published: April 2017

This essay explores the television productions of Ernie Kovacs and Charles and Ray
Eames, analyzing their pioneering audio-visual experiments in the American network broadcast
system of the mid-century period. It examines how their work with TV graphics, montage,
collage, sound, video tricks and special effects relates to Jean Christophe Averty’s work in
French TV in the same period. It explores the “experimental spirit” across the Atlantic
before the rise of video art per se, demonstrating how all of these early TV
artists challenged dominant conceptions of what TV should be in their respective national
and industrial contexts. Finally, it calls for more historical research on and theoretical
inquiry into the complex relationships between art, design and commercial TV at
mid-century.
Agradecimento aos revisores
Authors: Health Sciences ABCS
Published: April 2017

Não se aplica
Como posso ajudar? Sentimentos e experiências do familiar cuidador de pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Figueiredo Tamara , Silva Andréia Pereira da , Silva Rita Mânia Rosa , Silva Juliana De Jesus , Silva Carla Silvana De Oliveira e , Alcântara Deivite Danilo Ferreira , Souza Luís Paulo Souza e , Souza Ana Augusta Maciel de
Published: April 2017

Introdução: O câncer é reconhecido como uma doença familiar, não apenas sob o ponto de vista genético, mas pelo impacto que gera. É uma doença que exige mudanças e reorganização na vida cotidiana, incorporando os familiares nos cuidados que o tratamento exige. Objetivo: Compreender os sentimentos de familiares cuidadores ao enfrentarem o diagnóstico, o tratamento e a evolução do câncer em um ente querido. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com sete familiares cuidadores de parentes com câncer e em tratamento; no segundo semestre de 2011, em uma unidade de oncologia na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas pela técnica de análise do conteúdo. Resultados: Os familiares demonstraram sentimentos relacionados à mudança de vida, angústias e privações que o tratamento do câncer impõe. Declararam-se cansados, estressados, amedrontados e chorosos, vivendo uma grande oscilação emocional. Porém, na tentativa de superar o sofrimento, os mesmos se atem à religiosidade. Conclusão: O cuidado ao paciente oncológico não deve ser centrado apenas no doente ou na doença, mas na família que o rodeia, requerendo um cuidado humanizado, com apoio físico e psicossocial, proporcionando à família qualidade de vida durante o tratamento.
A prescrição de benzodiazepínicos no Brasil: uma análise da literatura
Authors: Fiorelli Katiana , Assini Fabricio Luiz
Published: April 2017

Benzodiazepínicos são medicamentos psicotrópicos de prescrição restrita e sujeitos a controle especial, conforme a Portaria nº 344, de 12 de maio de 1998. São utilizados como hipnóticos e sedativos, sendo bastante comuns na prática clínica. O uso prolongado destes fármacos pode causar dependência e por isso é necessário identificar seu perfil de prescrição. Este estudo busca revisar a literatura sobre os trabalhos que descreveram o uso de benzodiazepínicos no Brasil. Para isso, uma busca direta foi realizada em três bases de dados, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando os descritores prescrição/prescription, benzodiazepínicos/benzodiazepines, Brasil/Brazil. Depois de aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 12 artigos, os quais foram analisados. A análise destes trabalhos mostrou que, no Brasil, os benzodiazepínicos são utilizados especialmente por mulheres com tendência ao aumento do uso com o avançar da idade. Desta maneira, conclui-se que permanece a necessidade de políticas públicas que busquem o uso racional destes fármacos.
Changes in the free-energy landscape of p38α MAP kinase through its canonical activation and binding events as studied by enhanced molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kuzmanic Antonija , Sutto Ludovico , Saladino Giorgio , Nebreda Angel R , Gervasio Francesco L , Orozco Modesto
Published: April 2017

p38α is a Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in a variety of cellular processes and pathological conditions, which makes it a promising pharmacological target. Although the activity of the enzyme is highly regulated, its molecular mechanism of activation remains largely unexplained, even after decades of research. By using state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations, we decipher the key elements of the complex molecular mechanism refined by evolution to allow for a fine tuning of p38α kinase activity. Our study describes for the first time the molecular effects of different regulators of the enzymatic activity, and provides an integrative picture of the activation mechanism that explains the seemingly contradictory X-ray and NMR data.
Reproducible, component‐based modeling with TopoFlow, a spatial hydrologic modeling toolkit
Authors: Peckham Scott D. , Stoica Maria , Jafarov Elchin , Endalamaw Abraham , Bolton W. Robert
Published: April 2017

Modern geoscientists have online access to an abundance of different data sets and models, but these resources differ from each other in myriad ways and this heterogeneity works against interoperability as well as reproducibility. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the main issues and some best practices for addressing the challenge of reproducible science in the context of a relatively simple hydrologic modeling study for a small Arctic watershed near Fairbanks, Alaska. This study requires several different types of input data in addition to several, coupled model components. All data sets, model components and processing scripts (e.g., for preparation of data and figures, and for analysis of model output) are fully documented and made available online at persistent URLs. Similarly, all source codes for the models and scripts are open source, version controlled, and made available online via GitHub. Each model component has a Basic Model Interface to simplify coupling and its own HTML help page that includes a list of all equations and variables used. The set of all model components (TopoFlow) has also been made available as a Python package for easy installation. Three different graphical user interfaces for setting up TopoFlow runs are described, including one that allows model components to run and be coupled as web services.
Quantitative precipitation estimates for the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau over the last 18,000 years
Authors: Li Jianyong , Dodson John , Yan Hong , Cheng Bo , Zhang Xiaojian , Xu Qinghai , Ni Jian , Lu Fengyan
Published: April 2017

Quantitative information regarding the long‐term variability of precipitation and vegetation during the period covering both the Late Glacial and the Holocene on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is scarce. Herein, we provide new and numerical reconstructions for annual mean precipitation (PANN) and vegetation history over the last 18,000 years using high‐resolution pollen data from Lakes Dalianhai and Qinghai on the northeastern QTP. Hitherto, five calibration techniques including weighted averaging, weighted average‐partial least squares regression, modern analogue technique, locally weighted weighted averaging regression, and maximum likelihood were first employed to construct robust inference models and to produce reliable PANN estimates on the QTP. The biomization method was applied for reconstructing the vegetation dynamics. The study area was dominated by steppe and characterized with a highly variable, relatively dry climate at ~18,000–11,000 cal years B.P. PANN increased since the early Holocene, obtained a maximum at ~8000–3000 cal years B.P. with coniferous‐temperate mixed forest as the dominant biome, and thereafter declined to present. The PANN reconstructions are broadly consistent with other proxy‐based paleoclimatic records from the northeastern QTP and the northern region of monsoonal China. The possible mechanisms behind the precipitation changes may be tentatively attributed to the internal feedback processes of higher latitude (e.g., North Atlantic) and lower latitude (e.g., subtropical monsoon) competing climatic regimes, which are primarily modulated by solar energy output as the external driving force. These findings may provide important insights into understanding the future Asian precipitation dynamics under the projected global warming.
A simple temperature domain two‐source model for estimating agricultural field surface energy fluxes from Landsat images
Authors: Yao Yunjun , Liang Shunlin , Yu Jian , Chen Jiquan , Liu Shaomin , Lin Yi , Fisher Joshua B. , McVicar Tim R. , Cheng Jie , Jia Kun , Zhang Xiaotong , Xie Xianhong , Jiang Bo , Sun Liang
Published: April 2017

A simple and robust satellite‐based method for estimating agricultural field to regional surface energy fluxes at a high spatial resolution is important for many applications. We developed a simple temperature domain two‐source energy balance (TD‐TSEB) model within a hybrid two‐source model scheme by coupling “layer” and “patch” models to estimate surface heat fluxes from Landsat thematic mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM/ETM+) imagery. For estimating latent heat flux (LE) of full soil, we proposed a temperature domain residual of the energy balance equation based on a simplified framework of total aerodynamic resistances, which provides a key link between thermal satellite temperature and subsurface moisture status. Additionally, we used a modified Priestley‐Taylor model for estimating LE of full vegetation. The proposed method was applied to TM/ETM+ imagery and was validated using the ground‐measured data at five crop eddy‐covariance tower sites in China. The results show that TD‐TSEB yielded root‐mean‐square‐error values between 24.9 (8.9) and 78.2 (21.4) W/m2 and squared correlation coefficient (R2) values between 0.60 (0.51) and 0.97 (0.90), for the estimated instantaneous (daily) surface net radiation, soil, latent, and sensible heat fluxes at all five sites. The TD‐TSEB model shows good accuracy for partitioning LE into soil (LEsoil) and canopy (LEcanopy) components with an average bias of 11.1% for the estimated LEsoil/LE ratio at the Daman site. Importantly, the TD‐TSEB model produced comparable accuracy but requires fewer forcing data (i.e., no wind speed and roughness length are needed) when compared with two other widely used surface energy balance models. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that this accurate operational model provides an alternative method for mapping field surface heat fluxes with satisfactory performance.
Rainfall variability in the Himalayan orogen and its relevance to erosion processes
Authors: Deal Eric , Favre Anne‐Catherine , Braun Jean
Published: April 2017

Rainfall is an important driver of erosion processes. The mean rainfall rate is often used to account for the erosive impact of a particular climate. However, for some erosion processes, erosion rate is a nonlinear function of rainfall, e.g., due to a threshold for erosion. When this is the case, it is important to take into account the full distribution of rainfall, instead of just the mean. In light of this, we have characterized the variability of daily rainfall over the Himalayan orogen using high spatial and temporal resolution rainfall data sets. We find significant variations in rainfall variability over the Himalayan orogen, with increasing rainfall variability to the west and north of the orogen. By taking into account variability of rainfall in addition to mean rainfall rate, we find a pattern of rainfall that, from a geomorphological perspective, is significantly different from mean rainfall rate alone. Using these findings, we argue that short‐term rainfall variability may help explain observed short and long‐term erosion rates in the Himalayan orogen.
Graphene‐Assisted Exfoliation of Molybdenum Disulfide to Fabricate 2D Heterostructure for Enhancing Lithium Storage
Authors: Wang Tailin , Zhao Gang , Sun Changlong , Zhang Lei , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng , Shao Yongliang
Published: April 2017

Graphene–molybdenum sulfide composite materials are attracting considerable interest as a promising candidate of anode for lithium‐ion batteries because of their excellent electrical properties. However, few studies have been conducted on the lithium‐storage mechanism and process of dynamics of these materials. In this work, the lithium‐storage mechanism of these materials is examined by structural characterization and kinetic analysis. Structural characterization results show that the prepared G/MoS2 is a heterostructure and contains CS bonds after treatment with a novel layered graphene oxide‐assisted ultrasonic method. The existence of CS bond benefits the transport of lithium ion and electrons and enhances the electrochemical properties of G/MoS2 electrode. Kinetic analysis further reveals that the lithium‐ion diffusion effect plays a major role in charge and discharge processes. This synthesis method and analysis strategy may also apply to other composite materials for high‐performance lithium‐ion storage.
Active Control over the Wettability from Superhydrophobic to Superhydrophilic by Electrochemically Altering the Oxidation State in a Low Voltage Range
Authors: Zahiri Beniamin , Sow Pradeep Kumar , Kung Chun Haow , Mérida Walter
Published: April 2017

Fast and reversible active control over the surface wettability of electrodeposited copper is achieved through electrochemical manipulation of the oxidation state. The switchable wettability described in this work allows for facile and precise control over the surface wettability, ranging from superhydrophobic (contact angle about 157°) to superhydrophilic (contact angle less than 10°) with a short response time. The rate of wetting transition and the desired contact angle can be precisely controlled by modulating the magnitude and duration of the applied potential. The wettability alteration is completely reversible when the sample is dried at ambient or heat‐dried at 100 °C. The heat‐drying does not impact the surface composition when compared to the samples dried at room temperature. The surface contains a mixture of CuO and Cu2O as revealed by the surface composition analysis. The mechanism underlying the wetting alteration is based on the Faradaic phase transformation at the surface. An integrated droplet manipulation system is also demonstrated. The single‐step and additive‐free sample preparation is scalable and can be used to design smart surfaces and devices that require control over the wettability (e.g., liquid lenses, microfluidic devices, sensitive particulate matter handling systems, controlled filtration, and biomedical applications).
Dehydrogenation of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Graphene Oxide as a Versatile Metal‐Free Catalyst under Air
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Chen Shiya , Chen Fangfang , Xu Wensheng , Deng Guo‐Jun , Gong Hang
Published: April 2017

Graphene oxide (GO) has been developed as an inexpensive, environmental friendly, metal‐free carbocatalyst for the dehydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles. Valuable compounds, such as quinoline, 3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline, quinazoline, and indole derivatives, have been successfully used as substrates. The investigation of various oxygen‐containing molecules with different conjugated systems indicated that both the oxygen‐containing groups and large π‐conjugated system in GO sheets are essential for this reaction.

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Evolution and revolution of laparoscopic liver resection in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Hironori , Otsuka Yuichiro , Kubota Yoshihisa , Wakabayashi Go
Published: April 2017

Due to important technological developments and improved endoscopic techniques, laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is now considered the approach of choice and is increasingly performed worldwide. Recent systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of observational data reported that LLR was associated with less bleeding, fewer complications, and no oncological disadvantage; however, no prospective randomized trials have been conducted. LLR will continue to evolve as a surgical approach that improves patient's quality of life. LLR will not totally supplant open liver surgery, and major LLR remains to be technically challenging procedure. The success of LLR depends on individual learning curves and adherence to surgical indications. A recent study proposed a scoring system for stepwise application of LLR, which was based on experience at high‐volume Japanese centers. A cluster of deaths after major LLR was sensationally reported by the Japanese media in 2014. In response, the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery conducted emergency data collection on operative mortality. The results demonstrated that mortality was not higher than that for open procedures except for hemi‐hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction. An online prospective registry system for LLR was established in 2015 to be transparent for patients who might potentially undergo treatment with this newly developed, technically demanding surgical procedure.
Triplex‐DNA‐Nanostrukturen: von grundlegenden Eigenschaften zu Anwendungen
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Cecconello Alessandro , Idili Andrea , Ricci Francesco , Willner Itamar
Published: April 2017

Triplex‐Nukleinsäuren sind ein Teil des umfangreichen “Struktur‐Werkzeugkastens”, der für die Entwicklung von Nanostrukturen und Materialien auf DNA‐Basis eingesetzt wird. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt die Verwendung von DNA‐Triplexen für die Konstruktion von Sensorplattformen und molekularen Schaltern. Daneben behandeln wir die pH‐induzierte, schaltbare Assoziation und Dissoziation von Triplex‐DNA‐verbrückten Nanostrukturen. Dazu gehören die Aggregation/Deaggregation von Nanopartikeln, die reversible Oligomerisierung von Origamikacheln oder DNA‐Zyklen und die Verwendung von Triplex‐DNA‐Strukturen als Funktionseinheiten zum Aufbau von pH‐responsiven Systemen und Materialien. Beispiele hierfür sind Halbleiter‐beladene DNA‐stabilisierte Mikrokapseln und DNA‐funktionalisierte Farbstoff‐beladene Metall‐organische Gerüste (MOFs) sowie die pH‐induzierte Freisetzung der Beladungen. Auch stimuliresponsive Hydrogele auf DNA‐Basis, die unter Verwendung von Triplex‐Nukleinsäuren reversible pH‐induzierte Hydrogel‐zu‐Lösung‐Übergänge durchlaufen und die Verwendung von Triplex‐DNA zum Herstellen von Formgedächtnis‐Hydrogelen werden behandelt. Schließlich wird ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Anwendungen und Perspektiven für Triplex‐Nukleinsäuren gegeben.
Chemistry of the 5g Elements: Relativistic Calculations on Hexafluorides
Authors: Dognon Jean‐Pierre , Pyykkö Pekka
Published: April 2017

A Periodic System was proposed for the elements 1–172 by Pyykkö on the basis of atomic and ionic calculations. In it, the elements 121–138 were nominally assigned to a 5g row. We now perform molecular, relativistic four‐component DFT calculations and find that the hexafluorides of the elements 125–129 indeed enjoy occupied 5g states.
Palladium‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of cyclic diaryliodoniums: Synthesis of fluorenones
Authors: Liu Li , Qiang Jian , Bai Shuhua , Li Yang , Miao Chunbao , Li Jian
Published: April 2017

An efficient approach to the synthesis of fluorenones via the palladium‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of cyclic diaryliodoniums was developed. Our route enables facile access to fluorenones with various substituents in modest to high yields.
A three‐lncRNA expression signature associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Song Peng , Jiang Bo , Liu Zhijian , Ding Jie , Liu Song , Guan Wenxian
Published: April 2017

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential players in gene regulation. An ever‐increasing number of lncRNAs has been found to be associated with the biogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to develop an lncRNA signature with prognostic value for survival outcomes of GC. Using an lncRNA mining approach, we analyzed the lncRNA expression profiles of 492 GC patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which consisted of the GSE62254 set (N = 300) and the GSE15459 set (N = 192). The associations between the lncRNAs’ expression and survival outcome were evaluated. A set of three lncRNAs (LINC01140, TGFB2‐OT1, and RP11‐347C12.10) was identified to significantly correlate with overall survival. These lncRNAs were then combined to form a single prognostic signature. Based on this three‐lncRNA expression signature, patients in the GSE62254 set were classified into high‐ and low‐risk subgroups with significantly different overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.93, P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (HR = 1.91, P < 0.001). Good reproducibility for the prognostic value of this lncRNA signature was confirmed in the GSE15459 set. Further analysis showed that the prognostic value of this signature was independent of some clinical characteristics. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that high‐risk scores positively related to several molecular pathways of cancer metastasis. Our results suggest that this innovative lncRNA expression signature may be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of patients with GC based on bioinformatics analysis.
New Hydrazides and Hydrazide‐Hydrazones of 2,3‐Dihalogen Substituted Propionic Acids: Synthesis and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
Authors: Popiołek Łukasz , Biernasiuk Anna
Published: April 2017

The main aim of this research was the synthesis, spectral identification and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of new hydrazides and hydrazide‐hydrazones of 2,3‐dihalogen substituted propionic acids. New hydrazides were obtained by the substitution reaction of appropriate ethyl esters of 2,3‐dihalogen substituted propionic acids with hydrazine hydrate. Then obtained hydrazides were subjected to condensation reaction with various aldehydes which yielded with new hydrazide‐hydrazone derivatives. All obtained compounds were identified on the basis of spectral methods (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR) and in vitro screened against a panel of bacterial and fungal strains according to EUCAST and CLSI guidelines.
Endo‐α‐Mannosidase‐Catalyzed Transglycosylation
Authors: Iwamoto Shogo , Kasahara Yuta , Yoshimura Yayoi , Seko Akira , Takeda Yoichi , Ito Yukishige , Totani Kiichiro , Matsuo Ichiro
Published: April 2017

In order for facilitating the synthesis of oligosaccharides, transglycosylation reactions mediated by glycoside hydrolases have been studied in various contexts. In this study, we examined the transglycosylating activity of a Golgi endo‐α‐mannosidase. We prepared various glycosyl donors and acceptors, and recombinant human Golgi endo‐α‐mannosidase and its various mutants were expressed. The enzyme was able to mediate transglycosylation from α‐glycosyl‐fluorides. Systematic screening of various point mutants revealed that the E407D mutant had excellent transglycosylation activity and extremely low hydrolytic activity. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that minimum motif required for glycosyl acceptor is Manα1– 2Man. The synthetic utility of the enzyme was demonstrated by generation of a high‐mannose‐type undecasaccharide (Glc1Man9GlcNAc2).
Human embryonic stem cell therapy for aplastic anemia
Authors: Shroff Geeta , Gupta Rakesh , Zadeng Lalduhawmi
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) therapy is the potential therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with aplastic anemia (AA). The study showed a remarkable improvement in the AA patient subsequent to hESC administration. No adverse events occurred in the patient. hESC therapy is safe and effective for AA patients.
A 72‐year‐old with eyelid opening apraxia in Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome
Authors: Qureshi Ihtesham A. , Qureshi Mohtashim A. , Maud Alberto
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

In our patient with Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome presenting with apraxia of eyelid opening, there is a possibility to be readily confused with conditions presenting in similar pattern such as blepharospasm and eyelid ptosis. Therefore, it is essential to correlate the clinical findings with electromyographic recordings and dopamine transporter scan (DaT).
Biodiesel Purification Using Polymeric Nanofiltration Composite Membranes Highly Resistant to Harsh Conditions
Authors: Torres Juan J. , Arana Javier Toledo , Ochoa Nelio A. , Marchese José , Pagliero Cecilia
Published: April 2017

Biodiesel as alternative for conventional diesel fuel is mainly produced by the catalytic reaction of triglycerides with an alcohol. In this work, the purification of biodiesel was carried out with two lab‐made solvent‐resistant composite nanofiltration membranes of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) as support and poly(dimethylsiloxane) as coating layer. Biodiesel was obtained from the esterification of partially refined soy oil with bioethanol (EtOH) and NaOH as catalyst. The best biodiesel purification performance was achieved with the PVDF‐12SI membrane reaching high retention of glycerol, total glycerides, and soap. PVDF‐SI membranes were found to have an excellent stability for biodiesel permeation, achieving a flux recovery ratio of EtOH as high as 0.94 after twenty cycles of use.
Stereoselective Crystallization as a Basis for Single‐Enantiomer Drug Production
Authors: Bredikhin Alexander A. , Bredikhina Zemfira A.
Published: April 2017

In the 21st century, single enantiomeric chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) prevail among new drugs. Their preparation is made easier by using direct methods for the separation of racemates. The history of this issue is summarized and information about new and updated methods of conglomerate identification and practical implementation options for direct resolutions is provided. Examples are given for the application of direct methods for obtaining enantiopure APIs by the resolution of their racemic synthetic precursors, using a slight modification of the target product and finally by direct resolution of the racemic chiral drugs as such.
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy with a Folate/Sensitizer Assembly Produced from Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Zhou Chunfang , Afonso Damien , Valetti Sabrina , Feiler Adam , Cardile Venera , Graziano Adriana C. E. , Conoci Sabrina , Sortino Salvatore
Published: April 2017

A mesoporous silica material prepared by using folic acid (FA) as a template enables the effective encapsulation of meso‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) in its interior. Combination of steady‐state and time‐resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy demonstrate that FA and TCPP are released from the silica material to the aqueous phase in the form of a non‐covalent assembly. This assembly does not form by simple mixing of the two components in the absence of silica, suggesting the key role of the material in the assembling process. The FA/TCPP assembly exhibits dual color fluorescence in the visible region, good photosensitization capability of singlet oxygen, and enhanced photo‐induced mortality in KB cancer cells overexpressing folate receptor, if compared with the free components.
A multiscale approach for determining the morphology of endothelial cells at a coronary artery
Authors: Pakravan Hossein Ali , Saidi Mohammad Said , Firoozabadi Bahar
Published: April 2017

The morphology of endothelial cells (ECs) may be an indication for determining atheroprone sites. Until now, there has been no clinical imaging technique to visualize the morphology of ECs in the arteries. The present study introduces a computational technique for determining the morphology of ECs. This technique is a multiscale simulation consisting of the artery scale and the cell scale. The artery scale is a fluid‐structure interaction simulation. The input for the artery scale is the geometry of the coronary artery, that is, the dynamic curvature of the artery due to the cardiac motion, blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and the mechanical properties of the blood and the arterial wall, the measurements of which can be obtained for a specific patient. The results of the artery scale are wall shear stress (WSS) and cyclic strains as the mechanical stimuli of ECs. The cell scale is an inventive mass‐and‐spring model that is able to determine the morphological response of ECs to any combination of mechanical stimuli. The results of the multiscale simulation show the morphology of ECs at different locations of the coronary artery. The results indicate that the atheroprone sites have at least 1 of 3 factors: low time‐averaged WSS, high angle of WSS, and high longitudinal strain. The most probable sites for atherosclerosis are located at the bifurcation region and lie on the myocardial side of the artery. The results also indicated that a higher dynamic curvature is a negative factor and a higher pulse pressure is a positive factor for protection against atherosclerosis.
Utilizing PBPK Modeling to Evaluate the Potential of a Significant Drug–Drug Interaction Between Clopidogrel and Dasabuvir: A Scientific Perspective
Authors: Arya V , Zhao P , Reynolds KS , Mishra P , Younis IR
Published: April 2017

Dasabuvir, a component of VIEKIRA PAK, is a substrate of CYP2C8 enzymes. Prescribing information for VIEKIRA PAK contraindicates gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C8 inhibitor, because coadministration significantly increases dasabuvir exposures, which may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Clopidogrel may increase dasabuvir exposures primarily due to CYP2C8 inhibition by clopidogrel‐acyl‐β‐D‐glucuronide. This commentary outlines the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interdisciplinary review team's scientific perspective to address the potential for a significant drug–drug interaction (DDI) between clopidogrel and VIEKIRA PAK.
Occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment need in 7‐ to 10‐year‐olds in Estonia
Authors: Sepp Hettel , Saag Mare , Svedström‐Oristo Anna‐Liisa , Peltomäki Timo , Vinkka‐Puhakka Heli
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment need and complexity in Estonian 7‐ to 10‐year‐old children. This data provides solid information for planning of orthodontic care. Data of 392 Estonian children (198 girls and 194 boys, mean age 9.0 years, range 7.1–10.4 years) was analysed in this cross‐sectional study. Assessed traits included first molar and canine sagittal relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, crossbite, and scissor bite. Orthodontic treatment need and complexity were assessed using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need. Parents' opinion regarding their child's teeth was determined using a questionnaire. The most prevalent occlusal traits were canine class I sagittal relationship (73.7%), midline diastema (73.0%), molar class I sagittal relationship (57.4%), and overbite ≥3.5 mm (51.8%). According to the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need, 64.3% of Estonian elementary school children were in need of orthodontic treatment. Treatment complexity was simple in 12.5%, mild in 38.8%, moderate in 22.7%, difficult in 14.0%, and very difficult in 12.0% of the children. Approximately 66.4% of the parents felt that their child needed orthodontic treatment. This study confirms earlier findings indicating that the most frequent sagittal relationship is class I in the first molars and class I in the canines. However, the sagittal relationship was asymmetric in more than half of the children. Correlation between objectively defined treatment need and parents' desire for treatment was high in Estonia.
In depth comparative phenotyping of blood innate myeloid leukocytes from healthy humans and macaques using mass cytometry
Authors: Elhmouzi‐Younes Jamila , Palgen Jean‐Louis , Tchitchek Nicolas , Delandre Simon , Namet Inana , Bodinham Caroline L. , Pizzoferro Kathleen , Lewis David J.M. , Le Grand Roger , Cosma Antonio , Beignon Anne‐Sophie
Published: April 2017

Comparative immune‐profiling of innate responses in humans and non‐human primates is important to understand the pathogenesis of infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases as well as for the preclinical development of vaccines and immune therapies. However, direct comparisons of the two species are rare and were never performed using mass cytometry. Here, whole‐blood‐derived leukocytes from healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were analyzed with mass cytometry. Two similar panels of around 30 monoclonal antibodies targeting human markers associated with innate myeloid cells to stain fixed human and macaque leukocytes were constructed. To compare the circulating innate cells from the two primate species, an analysis pipeline combining a clustering analysis by the Spanning‐tree Progression Analysis of Density‐normalized Events (SPADE) algorithm with a two‐step hierarchical clustering of cells nodes and markers was used. Identical SPADE settings were applied to both datasets, except for the 20 clustering markers which slightly differed. A correlation analysis designed to compare the phenotypes of human and macaque cell nodes and based on 16 markers, including 15 shared clustering markers and CD19 for humans or CD20 for macaques, revealed similarities and differences between staining patterns. This study unique by the number of individuals (26 humans and 5 macaques) and the use of mass cytometry certainly contributes to better assess the advantages and limits of the use of non‐human primates in preclinical research. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry