bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des écoles d’excellence en dehors de l’École
Authors: Bertrand Julien , Coton Christel , Nouiri-Mangold Sabrina
Published: June 2016

L’article croise les résultats de trois recherches menées sur trois dispositifs de formation différents : le système de formation des officiers de l’armée de terre, celui des cavaliers d’entraînement et celui des footballeurs professionnels. Bien qu’ils appartiennent à des univers dissemblables, ces dispositifs ont des propriétés et fonctions communes : leurs écoles préparent toutes à un métier ou à une fonction particulière et elles sont les gardiennes sélectives de l’entrée dans des univers professionnels dits « d’exception ». À ce titre, elles constituent des terrains privilégiés pour étudier la fabrique d’excellences spécifiques. L’article montre comment ces instances édifient des hiérarchies propres sans pouvoir échapper totalement aux classements scolaires ou, pour le dire autrement, comment elles sont prises dans une double subordination, à un espace professionnel d’une part, et à l’espace scolaire d’autre part. La confrontation des études de cas révèle ainsi la nature des relations entre des systèmes de classements professionnels et scolaires, et les conditions qui sous-tendent la forme prise par l’articulation de ces ordres de légitimité.
La fabrique algérienne d’une politique coloniale socialiste
Authors: Marynower Claire
Published: June 2016

Cet article analyse le processus de formulation d’une politique coloniale par les fédérations socialistes des départements d’Algérie, dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Il restitue les relations des fédérations avec la direction métropolitaine du Parti et le tissu politique algérien. Il montre combien le décloisonnement doctrinal est lié à l’élargissement des sociabilités militantes sur le terrain. La vision d’un socialisme colonial et colonialiste se trouve révisée au profit d’une vision plus nuancée, attentive aux évolutions de la doctrine des socialistes en Algérie. Toutefois, ce socialisme algérien a eu peu de portée sur la politique coloniale du Parti socialiste dans son ensemble.
Pierre Bournel, « mort pour la France »
Authors: Sauget Stéphanie
Published: June 2016

Le principe d’honneur en République est un ressort important qui permet de souder et d’incorporer les individus et les communautés à la nation. Il sert aussi à en exclure les indignes. Pour étudier la force réelle et l’usage de l’honneur en République, nous suivons le parcours d’errance bien singulière de Pierre Bournel (1881-1916), petit-fils de bagnard corrézien, condamné pour vol avec violence à l’âge de vingt ans à Tours, et relégué en Algérie dans les bataillons des exclus de l’armée après avoir purgé sa peine civile. Jamais réellement formé à se battre, il se sacrifie héroïquement en tombant au combat en 1916.
La recuperación del patio en la arquitectura doméstica mudéjar. Restauraciones en el Albaicín de Granada en los últimos treinta años
Authors: Gutiérrez Carrillo M. L. , Bestué Cardiel I. , Molina Gaitán J. C.
Published: June 2016

El patio, como núcleo central de la casa mudéjar granadina ha sido uno de los elementos que ha sufrido más transformaciones en los procesos de evolución arquitectónica.
La revalorización de estas arquitecturas domésticas a través de su rehabilitación para nuevos o análogos usos respecto a los originales, ha motivado intervenciones de muy diferente índole sobre el elemento centralizador del patio.
A partir del estudio de una muestra significativa de setenta viviendas intervenidas en los últimos treinta años en Granada, analizamos las metodologías de actuación, los criterios definidos y los procesos constructivos de restauración y conservación.
De este modo se obtiene una visión de conjunto diacrónica de la evolución del proceso restaurador en Granada sobre esta tipología, que abarca desde las reinterpretaciones en estilo en las etapas más tempranas a los criterios de autenticidad y de reinterpretación arquitectónica desde la contemporaneidad para las actuaciones más actuales.
Immersive Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Analgesic for Pain Management
Authors: Gromala Diane , Tong Xin , Shaw Chris , Jin Weina
Published: June 2016

In the 1990s, when immersive Virtual Reality (VR) was first popular, researchers found it to be an effective intervention in reducing acute pain. Since that time, VR technologies have been used for treating acute pain. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, VR is thought to be an especially effective form of pain distraction. While pain-related virtual environments have built upon pain distraction, a handful of researchers have focused on a more difficult challenge: VR for long-term chronic pain. Because the nature of chronic pain is complex, pharmacological analgesics are often insufficient or unsustainable as an ideal long-term treatment. In this chapter, the authors explore how VR can be used as a non-pharmacological adjuvant for chronic pain. Two paradigms for virtual environments built for addressing chronic pain have emerged – Pain Distraction and what we term Pain Self-modulation. We discuss VR's validation for mitigating pain in patients who have acute pain, for those with chronic pain, and for addressing “breakthrough” periods of higher pain in patients with chronic pain.
A Bounded Health Information Technology System Design Approach to Support Community-Based Care Delivery
Authors: Peyton Liam , Bindra Jaspreet , Baarah Aladdin , Chamney Austin , Kuziemsky Craig E.
Published: June 2016

Health information technology (HIT) offers great potential for supporting healthcare delivery, particularly collaborative care delivery that is provided across multiple settings and providers. To date much of HIT design has focused on digitizing data or processes on a departmental or healthcare provider basis. However, this bounded approach has not scaled well for supporting community based care across disparate providers or settings because of the lack of boundaries (e.g. disprate data and processes) that exist in community based care. Cloud computing approaches that leverage mobile form applications for developing integrated HIT solutions have the potential to support collaborative healthcare delivery in the community. However, to date there is a shortage of methods that describe how to develop integrated cloud computing solutions to support community based care delivery. In particular there is a need for methods that identify how to incorporate boundaries into cloud computing systems design. This paper uses a three year case study of the design of the Palliative Care Information System (PAL-IS) to provide system design insight on cloud computing approaches that leverage mobile forms applications to support community care management.
Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering
Authors: Kirubakaran Sivapriya , Thiruvenkatam Vijay
Published: June 2016

This chapter introduces the basic concepts of nano science to readers. Some novel methodologies for synthesizing nano particles are discussed briefly. Since the book title suggests diverse applications of nano materials, this chapter also summarizes the applications of nano technology in medicine (nano medicine), where tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are discussed. Other applications DNA nanotechnology in living organisms are discussed briefly. Overall, this chapter introduces the readers to broad sections of nano science and its applications in chemistry, engineering, and medicine.
Nanomedicine Magic Bullet for Human Cancer
Authors: Patnaik Srinivas
Published: June 2016

Nanotechnology is the new tool that has changed healthcare, engineering, and space science. The technology involves nanoparticles that are effectively a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. The properties of materials change its surface plasmon resonance in metals, supermagnetism in magnetic materials as their size approaches to nanoscale. Taking in to account of their small sizes (less than 100nm) and their miraculous properties, unlike their precursor bulk material, nanoparticles are exploited to create new diagnostics and therapeutics with respect to several human diseases. Nanomedicine is generating a new generation of innovative revolution in nanoscale drug delivery strategies, site-specific drug delivery, and personalized therapy in cancer by releasing the drug at a specific site. This chapter discusses the evolution of nanomedicine to several advancements in the field of nanoparticle technologies, targeting and controlled release strategies, with the desire of generating robust and efficient nanotherapeutic tools against cancer.
Analysis of Valuable Techniques and Algorithms Used in Automated Skin Lesion Recognition Systems
Authors: Jamil Uzma , Khalid Shehzad
Published: June 2016

Application of computational intelligence techniques helps physicians as well as dermatologists in faster data process to give better and more reliable diagnoses. The whole system is categorized as: Pre-processing the lesion image to enhance its readability, Segmentation of the Lesion from skin, Feature extraction, selection, and finally the identification of dermoscopic images. Pros and cons of various methods are focused to provide a help for the researchers starting work in automated lesion detection system. Numerous computerized diagnostic systems have been reported in which different border detection, feature extraction, selection, and classification algorithms are used. The aim of this review is to summarize and compare advanced dermoscopic algorithms used for the classification of skin lesions and discuss important issues affecting the success of classification. This paper will be a guide that represents a comprehensive guideline for selecting suitable algorithms needed for different steps of automatic diagnostic procedure for ensuring timely diagnosis of skin cancer.
The Role of Primary Health Care in Prevention, Early Detection, and Control of Cancer
Authors: Bahkali Salwa , Househ Mowafa , Bawazir Amin , Khalifa Mohamed , Sheikh Mohamud
Published: June 2016

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the incidence is growing. Recent evidence shows a reduced risk of dying from cancer. For years Primary Health Care (PHC) has played a vital role in promoting health, but little has been done in emphasizing its role in reducing the incidence of and mortality from cancer through performing early diagnosis. PHC is directly involved in the initial diagnosis of more than 85% of all cancer cases worldwide (Vedsted & Olesen, 2009). PHC also has an important role in the public awareness about the importance of screening, especially in high-risk patient groups. The interaction between the patient and the health service is crucial in ensuring that relevant alarming symptoms are presented and that action is taken at the earliest possible time. This chapter aims to explore the role of primary healthcare in the prevention, early detection, and control of cancer in a developing nation - Saudi Arabia.
Isocenter Verification in Radiotherapy Clinical Practice Using Virtual Simulation
Authors: Matsopoulos George K. , Asvestas Pantelis A. , Markaki Vasiliki , Platoni Kalliopi , Kouloulias Vasilios
Published: June 2016

This chapter presents an overview of the procedures that are used for the verification of the patient position during radiotherapy. Furthermore, a method for the verification of the radiotherapy isocenter prior to treatment delivery is proposed. The method is based on the alignment of two Computed Tomography (CT) scans: a scan, which is acquired for treatment planning, and an additional verification scan, which is acquired prior to the treatment delivery. The proposed method was applied to CT scans, acquired from 20 patients with abdominal tumors and 20 patients with breast/lung cancer. The results of the proposed method were compared with the ones obtained using conventional methods, indicating that the estimated isocenter displacement can be translated into patient setup error inside the treatment room.
Ethics
Authors: Ivascu Natalia S. , Tabaie Sheida , Meltzer Ellen C.
Published: June 2016

In all areas of medicine physicians are confronted with a myriad ethical problems. It is important that intensivists are well versed on ethical issues that commonly arise in the critical care setting. This chapter will serve to provide a review of common topics, including informed consent, decision-making capacity, and surrogate decision-making. It will also highlight special circumstances related to cardiac surgical critical care, including ethical concerns associated with emerging technologies in cardiac care.
Nova metodologia para avaliação da seletividade de herbicidas para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Fagliari Júlio Roberto , Oliveira Junior Rubem Silverio de , Constantin Jamil
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar, Saccharum spp (Poaceae), sem interferência de plantas daninhas e utilizando-se testemunhas duplas. Os dados foram analisados de duas formas: no primeiro caso, comparou-se as áreas tratadas com herbicidas com a média de todas as testemunhas duplas dentro de cada repetição e, no segundo caso, com a média das testemunhas duplas adjacentes. No primeiro caso, que é o método convencional utilizado para se estudar a seletividade, nenhum herbicida afetou de forma significativa as características avaliadas e, desta forma, poder-se-ia concluir que todos os herbicidas utilizados são seletivos para a cultura da cana. No entanto, no segundo caso, quando os dados foram analisados comparando-se cada herbicida com as médias das suas respectivas testemunhas duplas, verificaram-se comportamentos distintos para a maioria deles, ou seja, a maioria dos herbicidas estudados foi considerada não seletiva para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar
Níveis de polímero superabsorvente, freqüências de irrigação e crescimento de mudas de café
Authors: De Freitas Azevedo Tedson Luis , Bertonha Altair , Andrade Gonçalves Antonio Carlos , Lourenço de Freitas Paulo Sergio , Rezende Roberto , Frizzone José Antonio
Published: June 2016

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência do polímero de poliacrilamida denominado de polímero superabsorvente, adicionado ao substrato de transplantio no armazenamento de água para o cafeeiro (Coffea arábica L.), cv. Tupi (Rubiaceae). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Centro Técnico de Irrigação da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, no período de agosto a outubro de 1998. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 16 tratamentos e 5 repetições, na forma de fatorial 4 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de quatro turnos de regas T1 = 10; T2 = 20; T3 = 30 e T4 = 40 dias e quatro níveis de polímero de poliacrylamida hidratado, P1 = 0; P2 = 15; P3 = 30 e P4 = 45, adicionados ao substrato de transplantio. A altura e o peso seco da planta aumentaram com a adição de polímero superabsorvente no substrato de transplantio e diminuíram com o aumento do intervalo entre irrigações. A presença de polímero no substrato de transplantio permite aumentar o intervalo entre as irrigações, sem comprometer o crescimento, o acúmulo e a matéria seca do cafeeiro
Épocas de semeadura do milho “safrinha”, no Estado do Paraná, com menores riscos climáticos
Authors: Gonçalves Sergio L. , Caramori Paulo H. , Wrege Marcos S. , Shioga Pedro , Gerage Antonio C.
Published: June 2016

O milho “safrinha”, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), é cultivado em parte do Estado do Paraná, em diversos tipos de solo e clima, podendo sofrer perdas elevadas provocadas por eventos climáticos desfavoráveis, dependendo da época de semeadura. Neste trabalho, foram realizadas análises dos riscos de geadas em todo o ciclo da cultura, com atenção especial ao período compreendido entre o florescimento e a maturação, bem como os de deficiência hídrica no estabelecimento e no florescimento, para identificar zonas homogêneas climaticamente e indicar as melhores épocas de semeadura para o estado. O risco de geada, nos trinta dias que antecedem a maturação, foi considerado o de maior restrição ao cultivo da “safrinha” de milho. Este fator, associado à combinação de menor risco de deficiência hídrica, permitiu a identificação de oito regiões distintas, com períodos de semeadura variando de janeiro a março
Qualidade dos grãos de café em função de doses de potássio
Authors: Silva Enilson De Barros , Nogueira Francisco Dias , Gontijo Guimarães Paulo Tacito
Published: June 2016

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos a campo, sendo um no município de São Sebastião do Paraíso, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico e outro em Patrocínio, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO distrófico, Estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de definir a dose de potássio de máxima produtividade e qualidade dos grãos de café, Coffea arábica L. (Rubiaceae), bem como o local de cultivo de melhor resposta à aplicação de doses de potássio. Usaram-se, em ambos os locais, cafezais da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho, com idade de seis anos, com uma planta por cova, no espaçamento 3,5 x 0,7 m. Foram aplicadas quatro doses de K2O, correspondentes a 0, 120, 240 e 480 kg . há-1, utilizando-se o KCl. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a produção, a atividade enzimática da polifenoloxidase, o índice de coloração, a acidez titulável total e os açúcares totais dos grãos de café, durante quatro safras (1995 a 1998), em cada local. A qualidade dos grãos de café melhorou com a dose de potássio em ambos locais, atingindo melhor qualidade com a aplicação da dose de 266 kg . há-1 de K2O para uma produtividade máxima de 46,4 sacas . há-1, para nível de potássio no solo entre 60 a 70 mg . dm-3. Nas condições de Patrocínio, para uma mesma dose de K2O, a qualidade dos grãos foi melhor que nas condições de São Sebastião do Paraíso
Atividade forrageadora de Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em povoamento de eucalipto
Authors: Araujo Marco Da Silva , Castro Della Lucia Terezinha Maria , Lima Carlos Alberto , De Souza Danival Jose , Petternelli Ethel Fernandes
Published: June 2016

Observou-se, de novembro de 1994 a fevereiro de 1995, a atividade forrageadora de duas colônias de Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel em área reflorestada com eucalipto, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae), em Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Essas colônias foram monitoradas por dois ciclos consecutivos de 24 horas por mês, tendo sido observado que a atividade dessas colônias foi predominantemente noturna, com correlação negativa, entre o fluxo de operárias nas trilhas e a temperatura do ar, e positiva, com a umidade relativa do ar. A área média explorada, durante o forrageamento, foi de 9,24 m². Foram observadas trilhas mais longas quando não havia trilhas secundárias. O comprimento médio de forrageamento foi de 4,08 m, variando de 2,10 a 8,83 m
Fator erodibilidade e tolerância de perda dos solos do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Mannigel Anny Rosi , E Carvalho Morel De Passos , Moreti Dolorice , Medeiros Luciano Da Rosa
Published: June 2016

Foram calculados o fator erodibilidade (K) e a tolerância de perda de solos (T) do Estado de São Paulo, com base no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos de 1999, onde se estudaram 25 perfis representativos das novas classes dos solos. Utilizou-se a expressão de Bouyoucos para a determinação indireta do fator de erodibilidade para os horizontes superficiais e subsuperficiais. A determinação da tolerância de perda de solo foi calculada com base em Smith e Stamey (1964). Os valores extremos do fator erodibilidade do horizonte A foram de 0,4278 e 0,0044 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm, respectivamente para um Argissolo e um Gleissolo. Os valores extremos do fator erodibilidade do horizonte B foram de 0,5750 e 0,0038 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm, respectivamente para um Espodossolo e um Latossolo. Por outro lado, os valores extremos da tolerância de perda de solo variaram entre 14,70 (Cambissolo/Neossolo) e 3,00 (Argissolo) t/ha.ano. Concluiu-se que, com o aumento da relação textural houve, em geral, diminuição da tolerância e aumento do fator erodibilidade dos solos
Controle genético de alguns caracteres relacionados à cor da semente de feijão no cruzamento Rosinha X Esal 693
Authors: Baldoni Aisy Botega , Teixeira Flavia França , Santos João Bosco dos
Published: June 2016

A cor da semente do feijão, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae-Faboideae), é de grande importância para o consumo no Brasil, por isso, o conhecimento do seu controle genético, em um cruzamento particular, orienta no dimensionamento da população segregante para a seleção do fenótipo de interesse. Então, objetivou-se determinar o controle genético de alguns caracteres relacionados à cor da semente, a partir do cruzamento Rosinha x ESAL 693 (tipo carioca) e prever as chances de seleção dos fenótipos semelhantes aos das cultivares Carioca e Rosinha. Foram avaliadas as cores de fundo e a presença/ausência de listras e halos nas sementes produzidas em plantas F2 e em plantas das famílias F2:3. Constatou-se apenas um gene responsável pela ocorrência de listras na semente e outro pela cor bege clara ou escura de fundo da semente tipo carioca. Para os caracteres presença ou ausência de halo e tipo de semente igual ou diferente da cultivar Rosinha, foram identificados dois genes em cada caso. Excetuando-se a presença de listra, certamente estão também envolvidos genes modificadores no controle dos demais caracteres. Considerando todos os caracteres, esperam-se 11,26% das plantas F2 produzindo sementes do tipo carioca ideal e 12,82% das plantas com sementes do tipo rosinha
Manejo da época de aplicação da adubação potássica em arroz de terras altas irrigado por aspersão em solo de cerrado
Authors: Silva Tiago Roque Benetoli da , Soratto Rogerio Peres , Ozeki Marcio , Arf Orivaldo
Published: June 2016

O emprego de adubos é um dos fatores mais importantes que influenciam na produtividade da cultura do arroz. Com respeito a adubação, há poucos estudos sobre o potássio, principalmente na adubação em cobertura. O presente trabalho foi realizado em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico (LVd) em Selvíria, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de dois cultivares de arroz (IAC 201 e IAC 202), Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae), em função do manejo da adubação potássica (semeadura, perfilhamento e no início da diferenciação da panícula) em cultivo irrigado por aspersão. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados dispostos em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições. O cultivar IAC 201 apresentou alto nível de acamamento. Já o cultivar IAC 202 apresentou comportamento superior em todas as características avaliadas como altura de plantas, panículas m-2, produção de grãos e peso hectolítrico. A melhor época para se realizar a adubação potássica na cultura do arroz foi na semeadura
Utilização de um algoritmo genético na otimização do lucro de uma propriedade agrícola
Authors: Catarina Adair Santa , Uribe Opazo Miguel Angel , Bach Sirlei Lourdes
Published: June 2016

Este artigo apresenta um Algoritmo Genético (AG) utilizado para otimizar o lucro de uma propriedade agrícola. Um protótipo de software chamado “AG Optimizer” foi desenvolvido para aplicar um AG nesta otimização. Compararam-se os resultados da otimização realizada pelo AG com os resultados obtidos através de um método determinístico, o método Simplex. O método Simplex forneceu um lucro de R$ 34.639,85 enquanto que o AG forneceu um lucro variando entre R$ 32.756,91 e R$ 34.387,08. Estes valores confirmam que AGs podem ser utilizados para otimizar o lucro de uma propriedade agrícola
Plantas de pimentão cultivadas em ambiente enriquecido com CO2. II. Produção de matéria seca
Authors: Rezende Fatima Conceição , Frizzone Jose Antonio , Pereira Anderson Soares , Botrel Tarlei Arriel
Published: June 2016

O experimento foi conduzido na Esalq/USP, em Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do aumento da concentração de CO2 e do volume de água aplicado em plantas de pimentão, Capsicum annum L. (Solanaceae), cultivadas em vasos, em ambiente protegido. Adotou-se quatro concentrações de CO2 (367, 600, 800 e 1000µmol mol-1) aplicado diariamente, através de microtubos instalados a 3m de altura. A irrigação foi por gotejamento com um gotejador por planta, com freqüência de dois dias e aplicou-se quatro volumes de água definidos pela evapotranspiração (30,89L, 40,7L, 61,86L e 82,83L), com quatro repetições. A matéria seca dos frutos, raiz, parte aérea e total da planta foi determinada após secagem em estufa ventilada, a 65oC. O aumento do volume de água aplicado e da concentração de CO2 aumentou a produção de matéria seca porém, no ambiente com maior concentração de CO2 a matéria seca da raiz foi menor para todos os volumes de água aplicados
Propriedades químicas de um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico após aplicação por dois anos consecutivos de lodo de esgoto
Authors: Cesare Barbosa Graziela Moraes , Tavares Filho João , De Batista Fonseca Inês Cristina
Published: June 2016

O destino do lodo de esgoto é um dos problemas ambientais urbanos mais relevantes na atualidade. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades químicas e a produtividade de milho safrinha em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico tratado com lodo de esgoto por dois anos consecutivos. As análises foram realizadas em um experimento instalado na Fazenda Escola da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Estado do Paraná, que apresentava delineamento em blocos ao acaso, contendo 3 repetições com os seguintes tratamentos: sem adubação, somente adubação mineral, adubação orgânica com lodo de esgoto (em base seca) em doses crescentes de 6, 12, 18, 24 e 36 t.ha-1. Nas avaliações, foram determinados pH, teores de Ca2+, Mg2+, P, K+, CTC, V %, carbono orgânico e a produtividade do milho safrinha. Os resultados mostraram que a acidez do solo, a CTC, V%, os teores de Ca2+, Mg2+, P, carbono orgânico e a produtividade do milho safrinha aumentaram em função das doses de lodo aplicadas no solo, sendo os melhores resultados alcançados na parcela que recebeu 36 t.ha-1 / ano
Microstructures and Synthesis of Noble Metal-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses (Zr-Be-Ni-Ti)
Authors: Abo-Elsoud M.
Published: June 2016

High-energy ball-milling in hexane medium was employed to prepare Nobel Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) alloy of three different nominal compositions Zr47Be23Ni15Ti15, Zr50Be20Ni15Ti15 and Zr52Be18Ni15Ti15, numbers indicate at.%). The glass forming ability was found to increase with decreasing Zr and increasing Be content, which can be ascribed to the enhanced atomic size mismatch of the constituents on Be addition. Amorphous Zr47Be23Ni15Ti15 powder undergoes two-stage crystallization with onset temperatures at 640 and 700 K and glass transition temperature Tg at 566 K. In contrast, the Zr50Be20Ni15Ti15 and Zr52Be18Ni15Ti15 samples remained crystalline to a certain extent even after prolonged milling and contained FCC Zr crystallites. Structural characterization was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, thermal analyses were performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram to justify the experimental findings.
Analysis of Negative Refractive Index Asymmetric Chiral Metamaterial Based on L Shaped Structure
Authors: Rahim Tariq , Xu Jia Dong
Published: June 2016

An asymmetrical chiral metamaterial at microwave frequency is constructed by using four double-layered L-shaped strips which are rotated by 900 with respect to their adjacent metal strip. These different size strips allows another degree of freedom in the equalizing the orthogonal components of the electric fields at the output interface with 90o phase difference when the x-polarized wave excites the structure. The proposed structure exhibits the properties of chiral medium such as optical activity and circular dichroism. The L shaped chiral objects can be etched on double side substrate. The effect of structure on different electromagnetic parameter like chirality, optical activity and reflection characteristics are analyzed. Due to the strong chirality the structure posses negative refractive index for either left circularly or right circularly polarized wave. In this paper, a numerical study in the frequency domain of the electromagnetic-wave propagation through these types of structures is achieved by using the commercial software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio.
Reduction of Aircraft Tyre Wear by Pre-Rotating Wheel Using ANSYS Mechanical Transient
Authors: Alroqi Abdurrhman A. , Wang Wei Ji
Published: June 2016

Heavy aircraft main landing gear tyres skid immediately after touchdown as result of the high slip ratio between the tyres and runway, which lead to tyre wear and smoke. In this paper, the tyre wear is modelled on the Archard theory using ANSYS mechanical transient, to reveal the wheel’s dynamic and the tyre tread wear. The wheel’s dynamic and the amount of wear are calculated for initially static and for pre-spun wheels in order to find the effectiveness of the technique of pre-spinning the wheel, as suggested by many patents since the early days of airplane use, in order to eliminate aircraft landing wear and smoke.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disease by Regulating M1-Type Macrophage–Th17 Axis
Authors: Mangalam Ashutosh K. , Rattan Ramandeep , Suhail Hamid , Singh Jaspreet , Hoda Md Nasrul , Deshpande Mandar , Fulzele Sadanand , Denic Alexander , Shridhar Viji , Kumar Ashok , Viollet Benoit , Rodriguez Moses , Giri Shailendra
Published: June 2016

The AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, is an energy-sensing, metabolic switch implicated in various metabolic disorders; however, its role in inflammation is not well defined. We have previously shown that loss of AMPK exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease severity. In this study, we investigated the mechanism through which AMPK modulates inflammatory disease like EAE. AMPKα1 knockout (α1KO) mice with EAE showed severe demyelination and inflammation in the brain and spinal cord compared with wild-type due to higher expression of proinflammatory Th17 cytokines, including IL-17, IL-23, and IL-1β, impaired blood–brain barrier integrity, and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the CNS. Infiltrated CD4 cells in the brains and spinal cords of α1KO with EAE were significantly higher compared with wild-type EAE and were characterized as IL-17 (IL-17 and GM-CSF double-positive) CD4 cells. Increased inflammatory response in α1KO mice was due to polarization of macrophages (Mϕ) to proinflammatory M1 type phenotype (IL-10lowIL-23/IL-1β/IL-6high), and these M1 Mϕ showed stronger capacity to induce allogenic as well as Ag-specific (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG]35–55) T cell response. Mϕ from α1KO mice also enhanced the encephalitogenic property of MOG35–55–primed CD4 T cells in B6 mice. The increased encephalitogenic MOG-restricted CD4+ T cells were due to an autocrine effect of IL-1β/IL-23–mediated induction of IL-6 production in α1KO Mϕ, which in turn induce IL-17 and GM-CSF production in CD4 cells. Collectively, our data indicate that AMPK controls the inflammatory disease by regulating the M1 phenotype–Th17 axis in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.
TLR9 Deficiency Leads to Accelerated Renal Disease and Myeloid Lineage Abnormalities in Pristane-Induced Murine Lupus
Authors: Bossaller Lukas , Christ Anette , Pelka Karin , Nündel Kerstin , Chiang Ping-I , Pang Catherine , Mishra Neha , Busto Patricia , Bonegio Ramon G. , Schmidt Reinhold Ernst , Latz Eicke , Marshak-Rothstein Ann
Published: June 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, life-threatening autoimmune disorder, leading to multiple organ pathologies and kidney destruction. Analyses of numerous murine models of spontaneous SLE have revealed a critical role for endosomal TLRs in the production of autoantibodies and development of other clinical disease manifestations. Nevertheless, the corresponding TLR9-deficient autoimmune-prone strains consistently develop more severe disease pathology. Injection of BALB/c mice with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD), commonly known as pristane, also results in the development of SLE-like disease. We now show that Tlr9−/− BALB/c mice injected i.p. with TMPD develop more severe autoimmunity than do their TLR-sufficient cohorts. Early indications include an increased accumulation of TLR7-expressing Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes at the site of injection, upregulation of IFN-regulated gene expression in the peritoneal cavity, and an increased production of myeloid lineage precursors (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte myeloid precursors) in the bone marrow. TMPD-injected Tlr9−/− BALB/c mice develop higher autoantibody titers against RNA, neutrophil cytoplasmic Ags, and myeloperoxidase than do TMPD-injected wild-type BALB/c mice. The TMP-injected Tlr9−/− mice, and not the wild-type mice, also develop a marked increase in glomerular IgG deposition and infiltrating granulocytes, much more severe glomerulonephritis, and a reduced lifespan. Collectively, the data point to a major role for TLR7 in the response to self-antigens in this model of experimental autoimmunity. Therefore, the BALB/c pristane model recapitulates other TLR7-driven spontaneous models of SLE and is negatively regulated by TLR9.
Bats of Alpi Marittime Nature Park (North West Italy) and Site of Community Importance IT1160056: distribution and status
Authors: Toffoli Roberto , Culasso Paola , Locatelli Andrea G. , Giraudo Luca
Published: June 2016

A survey of bats was carried out at Alpi Marittime Nature Park and more generally within Site of Community Importance (SIC) IT1160056 from April 1991 to January 2015, using different techniques such as: mist-netting, acoustic sampling and roost surveys. Twenty-one species of bats were detected (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Myotis oxygnathus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Nyctalus leisleri, Hypsugo savii, Eptesicus nilssonii, Eptesicus serotinus, Barbastella barbastellus, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus macrobullaris, Tadarida teniotis). Species diversity is higher in this area than in other Alpine protected areas of a similar size. Records of E. nilssonii, P. pygmaeus and P. macrobullaris in the study area contribute to the knowledge of the distribution of these species in Piedmont and more generally in Italy. In particular, thanks to records of E. nilssonii, its geographic range could be extended to the western part of the Alps whereas it previously seemed to be only present in the Central-Eastern Alps.
[Second additions to the vascular flora of the Umbria region (central Italy)]
Authors: Falcinelli Francesco , Conti Fabio , Donnini Domizia
Published: June 2016

In this work 13 new floristic records for Umbria region (central Italy) are reported. The survey was carried out from 2009 to 2015. Some species are of particular interest from a phytogeographical or conservational point of view.
Anomuran and brachyuran trackways and resting trace from the Pliocene of Valduggia (Piedmont, NW Italy): environmental, behavioural, and taphonomic implications
Authors: Pasini Giovanni , Baldanza Angela , Gallo Lorenzo M. , Garassino Alessandro , Karasawa Hiroaki
Published: June 2016

We report a rich ichnofacies including trackways and a resting trace made by indeterminate anomuran and brachyuran crabs, and other organic sedimentary structures produced by invertebrates. This is the first fossil record of crab trackways and resting trace in a shoreface intertidal environment from the Pliocene sediments of Valduggia area (Vercelli, Piedmont, NW Italy). Behavioural and palaeoenvironmental data allow reconstruction of the possible scenario of the upper shoreface surface in this area of the northern paleo-Adriatic Gulf during the Pliocene. The resting trace is tentatively compared to the rehydrating and respiration behaviour of a semiterrestrial (?Ocypodidae) crab, documented for the first time in the fossil record. A single trackway is tentatively assigned to the locomotion of a land hermit crab, the first such fossil record from the paleo-Mediterranean area. Moreover, among other invertebrate burrows, hypichnal Halopoa cf. H. imbricata is reported in shallow marine deposits for the first time. Palaeontological, petrological, sedimentological, taphonomic, and ethological implications are discussed and compared with neoichnological data. This notable discovery enlarges our scant knowledge on the palaeo-ichnology of decapod crustaceans.
Frontotemporal dementia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from rarity to reality?
Authors: Orsini Marco , De Freitas Ferreira Ana Carolina Andorinho , Nascimento Osvaldo J.M. , De Souza Jano Alves , Magalhães Thaís Nascimento , De Assis Anna Carolina Damm , Westin Larissa Kozow , Pessoa Bruno L. , Oliveira Acary Bulle , Fiorelli Rossano , De Freitas Marcos R.G. , Bittencourt Juliana , Fiorelli Stenio , Moreira Maria Fernanda Freitas Ferreira , Ribeiro Pedro
Published: June 2016

not required
Head and Neck Soft Tissue Sarcomas Treated with Radiation Therapy
Authors: Vitzthum Lucas K. , Brown Lindsay C. , Rooney Jessica W. , Foote Robert L.
Published: June 2016

Head and neck soft tissue sarcomas (HNSTSs) are rare and heterogeneous cancers in which radiation therapy (RT) has an important role in local tumor control (LC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes and patterns of treatment failure in patients with HNSTS treated with RT. A retrospective review was performed of adult patients with HNSTS treated with RT from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2012. LC, locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and predictors thereof were assessed. Forty-eight patients with HNSTS were evaluated. Five-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of LC, LRC, DFS, and OS were 87, 73, 63, and 83%, respectively. Angiosarcomas were found to be associated with worse LC, LRC, DFS, and OS. Patients over the age of 60 had lower rates of DFS. HNSTSs comprise a diverse group of tumors that can be managed with various treatment regimens involving RT. Angiosarcomas have higher recurrence and mortality rates.
Symptomatic Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor not Otherwise Specified in a Post-Menopausal Woman
Authors: Sood Neha , Desai Kaniksha , Chindris Ana-Maria , Lewis Jason , Dinh Tri A.
Published: June 2016

Steroid cell tumor not otherwise specified (NOS) is a rare subtype of sex cord stromal tumor of the ovary and contributes less than 0.1% of all ovarian neoplasms. The majority of tumors occur in pre-menopausal women (mean age: 43 years), in which 56-77% of patients present with virilization due to excess testosterone. An 80-year-old woman with worsening alopecia and excessive growth of coarse hair on abdomen and genital area was found to have elevated serum testosterone level (462 ng/mL). Radiologic studies were consistent with bilateral adrenal adenomas. Bilateral adrenal venous sampling ruled out the adrenal gland as origin of hormone secretion. A diagnostic and therapeutic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy confirmed steroid cell tumor NOS of the left ovary. Post-operatively, the patient had complete resolution of her symptoms and normalization of testosterone level. Our case emphasizes the importance of a clinical suspicion for an occult testosterone secreting ovarian tumor in a symptomatic patient without obvious ovarian mass on imaging.
Nuclear Protein of the Testis Midline Carcinoma Masquerading as a Primary Mediastinal Seminoma
Authors: Sayapina Maria S. , Savelov Nikita A. , Karseladze Apollon I. , Bulanov Anatoly A. , Tryakin Alexey A. , Nosov Dmitry A. , Garin Avgust M. , Tjulandin Sergey A.
Published: June 2016

Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) midline carcinomas are rare aggressive carcinomas characterized by chromosomal rearrangements that involve the gene encoding the NUT. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features and the differential diagnosis of these malignancies.
Palliative care needs in Malawi: Care received by people living with HIV
Authors: Mkwinda Esmie , Lekalakala-Mokgele Eucebious
Published: June 2016

Background: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has changed from an acute to a chronic illness in the past decade, because of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). Malawi’s response to the HIV challenge included provision of ART for people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA), which significantly reduced HIV- and AIDS-related mortality. In addition, palliative care for PLWHA was introduced as a strategy that improves the success of ART.Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the needs of PLWHA concerning care received from primary caregivers and palliative care nurses in Malawi.Methods: A qualitative, explorative design was used and 18 participants were selected purposefully and interviewed individually using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed using NVivo software package version 10.Results: Results revealed that PLWHA needed physical care from the primary caregivers due to severity of illness, integration of healthcare services, and continuity of care and proper care from nurses. They also needed knowledge from nurses in several areas which affected decision-making and needed financial and nutritional support.Conclusion: More could be done in meeting needs of PLWHA to improve their health and survival and assist them to achieve a better quality of life.Keywords: people living with HIV/AIDS, palliative care, palliative care nurse, primary caregiver, support
Enhanced expression of recombinant beta toxin of Clostridium perfringens type B using a commercially available Escherichia coli strain
Authors: Bakhshi Fatemah , Pilehchian Langroudi Reza , Imani Bahram Golestani
Published: June 2016

Clostridium perfringens beta toxin is only produced by types B and C and plays an important role in many human and animal diseases, causing fatal conditions that originate in the intestines. We compared the expression of C. perfringens type B vaccine strain recombinant beta toxin gene in the Escherichia coli strains RosettaTM(DE3) and BL21(DE3). The beta toxin gene was extracted from pJETβ and ligated with pET22b(+). pET22β was transformed into E. coli strains BL21(DE3) and RosettaTM(DE3). Recombinant protein was expressed as a soluble protein after isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction in strain RosettaTM(DE3) but not in BL21(DE3). Expression was optimised by growing recombinant cells at 37 °C and at an induction of 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 1.5 mM IPTG. Expression was evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The recombinant protein was purified via Ni-NTA and was analysed using western blot. We concluded that E. coli strain RosettaTM(DE3) can enhance the expression of C. perfringens recombinant beta toxin.Keywords: C. perfringens beta toxin (CPB); expression; RosettaTM; BL21
Effectiveness of resistance strength training in children and adolescents with ≥30% total body surface area: A systematic review
Authors: Brink Yolandi , Brooker Heather , Carstens Emmari , Gissing Cary A. , Langtree Candice , Louw Quinette
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Children and adolescents with burn injuries are at risk of living with social, educational, physical and psychological impairments. The systematic review aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of resistance strength training on muscle strength and lean body mass (LBM) in children and adolescents with burn injuries.Method: Five databases were searched. Randomised controlled trials with an intervention defined as a supervised, individualised resistance exercise programme were sought. The outcomes included muscle strength and/or LBM. The PEDro scale was used to describe the methodological quality. Comparable data were combined using RevMan©.Results: Seven papers were included in the review with an average methodological appraisal score of 5.7/11. Comparable data were combined for muscle strength and LBM. The meta-analysis revealed no significant clinical difference between the exercise and standard care groups after 3 months of strength training for both muscle strength (p = 0.43) and LBM (p = 0.60).Conclusions: There is no conclusive evidence to support the benefit of strength training for children and adolescents with burns injuries in terms of muscle strength and LBM. However, it appears that isokinetic training might benefit children and adolescents with burns, but more studies investigating the effect of isokinetic training are required.Keywords: burns, children, adolescents, strengthening
The effect of positioning and diaphragmatic breathing exercises on respiratory muscle activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Morrow Brenda , Brink Jarred , Grace Samantha , Pritchard Lisa , Lupton-Smith Alison
Published: June 2016

Background: Body positioning and diaphragmatic breathing may alter respiratory pattern and reduce dyspnoea in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Objectives: To determine the effect of positioning and diaphragmatic breathing on respiratory muscle activity in a convenience sample of people with COPD, using surface electromyography (sEMG).Methods: This prospective descriptive study recorded sEMG measurements at baseline, after upright positioning, during diaphragmatic breathing and 5 minutes thereafter. Vital signs and levels of perceived dyspnoea were recorded at baseline and at the end of the study. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVAs with post hoc t-tests for dependent and independent variables.Results: Eighteen participants (13 male; mean ± standard deviation age 59.0 ± 7.9 years) were enrolled. Total diaphragmatic activity did not change with repositioning (p = 0.2), but activity increased from 7.3 ± 4.2 µV at baseline to 10.0 ± 3.3 µV during diaphragmatic breathing (p = 0.006) with a subsequent reduction from baseline to 6.1 ± 3.5 µV (p = 0.007) at the final measurement. There was no change in intercostal muscle activity at different time points (p = 0.8). No adverse events occurred. Nutritional status significantly affected diaphragmatic activity (p = 0.004), with participants with normal body mass index (BMI) showing the greatest response to both positioning and diaphragmatic breathing. There were no significant changes in vital signs, except for a reduction in systolic/diastolic blood pressure from 139.6 ± 18.7/80.4 ± 13.0 to 126.0 ± 15.1/75.2 ± 14.7 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: A single session of diaphragmatic breathing transiently improved diaphragmatic muscle activity, with no associated reduction in dyspnoea.Keywords: diaphragmatic breathing, positioning, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, physiotherapy, electromyography, breathing exercises