bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Expert Committees and the Markets That Assess Them: A Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Renes Sander , Visser Bauke
Published: October 2024

Committees of experts are widely used to make decisions. We experimentally investigate the relationship between decision making in committees and the assessment of the ability of committee members by evaluators, comparing observed behavior with theoretical predictions. Treatments vary in whether members care only about a state-dependent project payoff or also about assessments and whether evaluators can base their assessments only on the decision the committee makes or also on cheap-talk statements made by committee members on their confidence in the committee decision. Evidence for the equilibrium predictions is mixed; for example, contrary to theory, committees with a concern for their assessment do not distort their decisions more than committees without, whereas in line with theory, evaluators give higher assessments to committees that take the risky decision rather than the riskless. We analyze whether evaluators rationally base their assessments on observed behavior of committees using an orthogonality test. In treatments with cheap-talk statements, assessments are quite rational; in treatments without, they are too low on average. We investigate whether committees best reply to expected project payoffs and, in treatments in which members’ payoffs also depend on assessments, to predicted assessments conditional on observed committee behavior. In all treatments, committees respond to the possibilities to raise expected payoffs but do not use them as much as predicted by theory. We conclude by showing that the amount of information about committee members’ abilities that ends up in assessments is considerably larger when evaluators observe committees’ decisions and statements rather than only decisions.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) under the grant 400-09-338; and Erasmus University Rotterdam [Grant CSTO 2014–54].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03007 .
Can Random Friends Seed More Buzz and Adoption? Leveraging the Friendship Paradox
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Sudhir K.
Published: October 2024

A critical element of word of mouth (WOM) or buzz marketing is to identify seeds, often central actors with high degree in the social network. Seed identification typically requires data on the relevant network structure, which is often unavailable. We examine the impact of WOM seeding strategies motivated by the friendship paradox, which can obtain more central nodes without knowing network structure. Higher degree nodes may be less effective as seeds if these nodes communicate less with neighbors or are less persuasive when they communicate; therefore, whether friendship paradox–motivated seeding strategies increase or reduce WOM and adoption remains an empirical question. We develop and estimate a model of WOM and adoption using data on microfinance adoption across village social networks in India. Counterfactuals show that the proposed strategies with limited seeds are about 13%–30% more effective in increasing adoption relative to random seeding. These strategies are also on average 5%–11% more effective than the firm’s leader seeding strategy. We also find these strategies are relatively more effective when we have fewer seeds.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.4991 .
Efficacy of a gelling-fibre dressing and a gelling-fibre dressing with silver nanoparticles at controlling exudate and infection: a 4-week multicentre clinical evaluation
Authors: Fong Choi Ching , Graham Anna , Hamilton Sandie , Jelly Melissa , Linsley James , Perry Hannah , Weaver Hilary
Published: October 2024

Background:

Suprasorb Liquacel Pro (standard test dressing) and Suprasorb Liquacel Ag (test dressing with silver nanoparticles) are absorptive gelling-fibre dressings designed to manage wound exudate levels and promote moist wound healing, with the latter having additional antimicrobial properties.

Aims:

To assess the impact of the test dressing on healing, exudate levels and signs of infection.

Methods:

Patients with moderately-to-highly exuding hard-to-heal wounds of any type were dressed with the standard test dressing or the test dressing with silver nanoparticles if they showed covert or overt signs of local infection. Comparative data were collected at baseline and 4-week conclusion. Adverse events and patient and professional opinions were also reported and collated.

Findings:

There were 19 patients with lower-limb wounds of various types present for a mean of 26 months. At baseline, most wounds were deteriorating or static (68%), while at conclusion most were improving or healed (84%), with additional indicators of improved healing. The number of patients with moderate-to-high exudate levels decreased from 84% to 53%. The 15 patients using the test dressing with silver nanoparticles saw reductions in covert signs of infection from 93% to 80%, overt signs of infection from 33% to 13% and antibiotic use from 13% to 7%.

Conclusions:

On average, the test dressings were effective in managing and reducing the barriers to healing, including high exudate, infection and biofilm, and in restarting stalled healing.
The essentials of nursing assessment and care planning in a care home: a case study
Authors: Lawn Bronagh , Sproule Henry , Reid Bernie
Published: October 2024

Nurses play a key role in the assessment and planning of patient care. Using a case study approach, this article discusses the importance of a person-centred approach in identifying a care need, determining a goal of care and providing evidence-based nursing interventions.
CPD: Vision Challenges of Space Flight
Authors: Clarkson Douglas
Published: October 2024

Dr Douglas Clarkson takes a look at the increasing evidence for the impact of space travel and microgravity upon ocular and visual health (C105845, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Accommodating your customers is key
Authors: Spencer Richard
Published: October 2024

Optician speaks to Richard Spencer about winning Dispensing Optician of the Year at the Optician Awards 2022
Toric versus spherical soft contact lenses in the correction of low to moderate astigmatism
Authors: Lahmami Danya
Published: October 2024

Danya Lahmami reviews the published evidence comparing the correction of astigmatism with either spherical or toric soft contact lenses. This is an edited version of the 2020 City University/Optician Best Dissertation prize-winner (C105880, suitable for logging as one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
Training day
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2024

Simon Jones talks to Specsavers and Topcon Medical about their training for optical assistants and other staff performing delegated functions
Repeated low-level red-light therapy
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2024

Bill Harvey hears about a new, light-based myopia management treatment that is proving popular in Australia and likely to make an impact in the UK in the coming years
Life changing scheme to be expanded
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2024

An eye care programme for children living with special needs has received an unexpected greenlight from NHS England. Simon Jones reports
Recognise the skills
Authors: Blackmore Francesca
Published: October 2024

Francesca Blackmore shares her experiences from a career in optics that began with a role as a receptionist
Truth or myth
Authors: Schulze Marc , Janssen Meredith
Published: October 2024

In the first of a monthly series looking at common myths concerning contact lenses, Dr Marc Schulze and Dr Meredith Janssen show how soft multifocal lens fitting is not chair-time heavy
Well-intended proposals fall short
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean explores the industry's response to proposed changes to primary eye care in Wales
Atropine and the Goldilocks problem
Authors: Flitcroft Professor Ian , McElduff Corrina
Published: October 2024

Ian Flitcroft and Corrina McElduff provide an update on UK approval for atropine
Lens File: Myopia done the MyCon way
Authors: Copley Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew Copley explains why single vision lenses are not the answer for myopia management and how Rodenstock's MyCon offers a solution
NHS England Long Term Workforce reform
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: October 2024

Optical sector bodies respond to the recent NHS England Long Term Workforce plan and how far actions go to support eye care professionals. Lucy Patchett reports
CPD: BCLA Clear 9
Authors: Hui Alex
Published: October 2024

The ninth in a series of articles summarising the key findings of the BCLA CLEAR publication, a major review of the published evidence relating to all aspects of contact lens practice, Dr Alex Hui offers an overview of the BCLA CLEAR section relating to the contact lens technologies of the future. (C106120 suitable for one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
Truth or Myth
Authors: Wong Dr Stephanie , Meyler John
Published: October 2024

This month, in our series looking at common myths concerning contact lenses, Stephanie Wong and John Meyler look at whether monovision is a good place to start
Forward Thinking on Myopia
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2024

Miyosmart helped Hoya scoop the Lens Award in 2022. Mike Hale reports
Rnib Cymru Report Casts Spotlight on Progress
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: October 2024

The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) shares its highlights from 2022-23 and ongoing efforts to support visually impaired communities. Lucy Patchett reports
Under the radar
Authors: Cosby Zoe
Published: October 2024

Ahead of Silmo next month, Zoe Cosby looks at some of the less-well known eyewear brands that are worth searching out at the event in Paris
Style into Winter
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: October 2024

Lucy Patchett previews autumn/winter 2023 collections from Marcolin's licensed brands
Diary of a Spectacle Designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: October 2024

Tom Davies extols the virtues of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers
Employee ownership offers clear future for opticians
Authors: Dormer John
Published: October 2024

John Dormer explains how employee ownership schemes can benefit optical practices
CPD: Alcon talks
Authors: Travé Huarte Sònia
Published: October 2024

The third in the series of online education events was delivered by Dr Sònia Travé Huarte. The focus of this webinar was to discuss dry eye and ocular health and how assessments can be implemented seamlessly into the normal routine to help practitioners diagnose and manage dry eye disease. (C106327, suitable for one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
Following the trends
Authors: Cosby Zoe
Published: October 2024

Zoe Cosby reads the tea leaves of the spring/summer 2024 fashion shows to decipher what trends are in store for eyewear this year
The Diamond Light Source
Authors: Clarkson Douglas
Published: October 2024

Dr Douglas Clarkson describes how a scientific tool in the UK could help extend our knowledge of ocular tissue structure
The Eyes Have It
Authors: White Emma
Published: October 2024

Coalition's report launched at Westminster Eye Health Day sets out recommendations for a national eye health strategy. Emma White reports
Perinatal depression and adverse child growth outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carosella Elizabeth , Chhabria Shradha , Kim Hyelee , Moreira Aliya , Naamani Dana , Ninesling Brennan , Lansdale Aimee , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi , Gelaye Bizu , Yousafzai Aisha , Papatheodorou Stefania
Published: October 2024

Perinatal depression (PND), which encompasses the antepartum and postpartum depression (APD and PPD), is a neglected crisis in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to systematically search and meta-analyze existing evidence to determine whether a mother’s PND affects adverse growth outcomes in children in LMICs (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42021246803). We conducted searches, including nine databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Global Health Database, Google Scholar, WHO Regional Databases, PsycINFO, and LILACS) from January 2000 to September 2023. We restricted studies that assessed PND using validated screening tools or clinical interviews during pregnancy or within 12 months postpartum. We included studies that reported four types of adverse child growth outcomes (stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight/obesity) in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the quality using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) between PND and each adverse growth outcome using random-effects models. In total, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, with 24 eligible for meta-analysis, spanning data from 15 countries and 26,261 mother-baby pairs. Based on the studies that reported ORs, children below the age of 3 years with mothers experiencing PND had higher odds for stunting (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.32, 2.02, I2 = 56.0%) and underweight (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.90, 3.68, I2 = 34.5%) compared to children of mothers without PND. The pooled RRs for stunting and underweight did not show significant differences between mothers with and without PND. Studies on wasting (n = 5) and overweight/obesity (n = 2) were limited, demonstrating inconsistent results across studies. The association between PND and adverse growth outcomes varied according to the measure of association, region, country, PND type, outcome timepoint, and study design. There were limited studies in diverse LMICs, particularly on wasting, or overweight/obesity as an outcome.
Experimental and numerical study on cavitation pulsating pressure of water-jet propulsion axial-flow pump
Authors: Qiu Ji-Tao , Liu Teng-Yan , Liu Xia-Yong , Dai Yuan-Xing , Wang Zong-Long , Cai You-Lin
Published: October 2024

Cavitation may occur in water-jet pump during operation of water-jet propulsion vessel, and once cavitation occurs, the tip clearance pulsating pressure of the impeller may be intensified, resulting in increased vibration of the water-jet propulsion unit. In this paper, the cavitation pulsating pressure characteristics at different positions in the pump are studied by experiment and numerical simulation, and the pulsating pressure characteristics in tip clearance are mainly researched. Based on Star-CCM+ commercial software, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations(RANS) numerical simulation is carried out, and the feasibility of the numerical simulation method is verified by uncertainty analysis. The results show that the cavitation pulsating pressure near the leading edge of the impeller in the tip clearance is the largest. The variation of the tip clearance pulsating pressure with the intensification of cavitation is studied by numerical simulation, and its mechanism is revealed. A dimensionless coefficient of net positive suction head (CNPSH) is proposed, and the study shows that the cavitation pulsation pressure coefficients of pumps of different scales are equal when the working conditions are similar and the CNPSH are equal, which indicates that the cavitation pulsating pressure performance of full scale pump can be predicted by model scale. It is of great significance to evaluate the vibration performance of the full scale water-jet propulsion.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic reveal OsCOI2 as the jasmonate-receptor master switch in rice root
Authors: Cheaib Mohamad , Nguyen Hieu Trang , Couderc Marie , Serret Julien , Soriano Alexandre , Larmande Pierre , Richter Chris , Junker Björn H. , Raorane Manish L. , Petitot Anne-Sophie , Champion Antony
Published: October 2024

Jasmonate is an essential phytohormone involved in plant development and stress responses. Its perception occurs through the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE (COI) nuclear receptor allowing to target the Jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Consequently, repressed transcription factors are released and expression of jasmonate responsive genes is induced. In rice, three OsCOI genes have been identified, OsCOI1a and the closely related OsCOI1b homolog, and OsCOI2. While the roles of OsCOI1a and OsCOI1b in plant defense and leaf senescence are well-established, the significance of OsCOI2 in plant development and jasmonate signaling has only emerged recently. To unravel the role of OsCOI2 in regulating jasmonate signaling, we examined the transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of jasmonate-treated rice lines mutated in both the OsCOI1a and OsCOI1b genes or OsCOI2. RNA-seq data highlight OsCOI2 as the primary driver of the extensive transcriptional reprogramming observed after a jasmonate challenge in rice roots. A series of transcription factors exhibiting an OsCOI2-dependent expression were identified, including those involved in root development or stress responses. OsCOI2-dependent expression was also observed for genes involved in specific processes or pathways such as cell-growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesis (phenylpropanoids and diterpene phytoalexins). Although functional redundancy exists between OsCOI1a/b and OsCOI2 in regulating some genes, oscoi2 plants generally exhibit a weaker response compared to oscoi1ab plants. Metabolic data revealed a shift from the primary metabolism to the secondary metabolism primarily governed by OsCOI2. Additionally, differential accumulation of oryzalexins was also observed in oscoi1ab and oscoi2 lines. These findings underscore the pivotal role of OsCOI2 in jasmonate signaling and suggest its involvement in the control of the growth-defense trade-off in rice.
Effects of upper thoracic Mulligan mobilization on pain, range of motion and function in patients with mechanical neck pain: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Cevik Ramazan , Pala Omer Osman
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the impact of Mulligan Reverse Natural Apophyseal Glides (RNAGS) applied to the upper thoracic region on pain, movement limitation, and function in individuals with mechanical neck pain.

Methods

Conducted between January 2021 and May 2021, the study involved 69 participants randomly assigned to a sham group, physiotherapy group, and Mulligan group. A two-week, 11-session treatment program was administered with shared physiotherapy interventions and stretching exercises to all groups. The Mulligan group received additional mobilization with the Mulligan RNAGS technique. The sham group received sub-standard Mulligan mobilization. Outcome measures included Range of Motion (ROM), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Neck Disability Index (NDI).

Results

No baseline differences were found in measurements among the groups. After the intervention, all groups showed increased ROM and decreased VAS and NDI scores (p<0.001). The Mulligan group exhibited significantly greater improvement in VAS, ROM, and NDI compared to other groups (p<0.001). The sham group demonstrated greater improvement in NDI and extension ROM compared to the physiotherapy group (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Mulligan RNAGS technique in the upper thoracic region proved beneficial for pain relief, range of motion, and functionality in mechanical neck pain. Long-term effects warrant further exploration through population-based studies.
Development of phage-containing hydrogel for treating Enterococcus faecalis-infected wounds
Authors: Abed Sahar , Beig Masoumeh , Barzi Seyed Mahmoud , Shafiei Morvarid , Hashemi Shahraki Abdolrazagh , Sadeghi Sara , Sohrabi Aria
Published: October 2024

Background

Chronic wound infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis pose formidable challenges in clinical management, exacerbated by the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains. Phage therapy offers a targeted approach but encounters delivery hurdles. Due to their biocompatibility and controlled release properties, hydrogels hold promise as carriers.

Objective

This study aimed to fabricate phage-containing hydrogels using sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and hyaluronic acid (HA) to treat E. faecalis-infected wounds. We assessed the efficacy of these hydrogels both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The hydrogel was prepared using SA-CMC-HA polymers. Phage SAM-E.f 12 was incorporated into the SA-CMC-HA hydrogel. The hydrogel’s swelling index was measured after 24 h, and degradation was assessed over seven days. Surface morphology and composition were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity was tested via optical density (OD) and disk diffusion assays. Phage release and stability were evaluated over a month. In vivo efficacy was tested in mice through wound healing and bacterial count assays, with histopathological analysis.

Results

Hydrogels exhibited a swelling index of 0.43, a water absorption rate of %30, and 23% degradation over seven days. FTIR confirmed successful polymer incorporation. In vitro studies demonstrated that phage-containing hydrogels significantly inhibited bacterial growth, with an OD of 0.3 compared to 1.1 for the controls. Hydrogels remained stable for four weeks. In vivo, phage-containing hydrogels reduced bacterial load and enhanced wound healing, as shown by improved epithelialization and tissue restoration.

Conclusion

Phage-containing hydrogels effectively treat wounds infected with E. faecalis-infected wounds, promoting wound healing through controlled phage release. These hydrogels can improve clinical outcomes in the treatment of infected wounds.
Transformer fault identification based on GWO-optimized Dual-channel M-A method
Authors: Ji Ning , Chen Xi , Qin Xue , Wei Wei , Jiang Chenlu , Bo Yifan , Tao Kai
Published: October 2024

In order to improve the accuracy of the transformer fault identification using nature-inspired algorithms, an identification method based on the GWO (Grey Wolf Optimizer)-optimized Dual-channel MLP (Multilayer Perceptron)-Attention is proposed. First, a Dual-channel model is constructed by combining the AM (Attention Mechanism) and MLP. Subsequently, the GWO algorithm is used to optimize the number and the nodes of the hidden layer in the Dual-channel MLP-Attention model. Typical transformer faults are simulated using DDRTS (Digital Dynamic Real-Time Simulator) system. Experiments showed that the GWO- optimized method has an accuracy rate of 95.3%-96.7% in identifying the transformer faults. Compared with BP, SVM, MLP, and single-channel M-A models, the proposed method improved the accuracy by14.1%, 9.6%, 9.3%, and 3.3% respectively. This result indicates the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method in transformer fault identification.
Characteristic disease defects in circulating endothelial cells isolated from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Aulak Kulwant S. , Mavarakis Lori , Tian Liping , Paul Deborah , Comhair Suzy A. , Dweik Raed A. , Tonelli Adriano R.
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressures that can lead to right heart failure and death. No cure exists for this disease, but therapeutic advancements have extended its median survival from 2 to 7 years. Mechanistic research in PAH has been limited by factors including that a) animal models do not fully recapitulate the disease or provide insights into its pathogenesis, and b) cellular material from PAH patients is primarily obtained from donor lungs during autopsy or transplantation, which reflect end-stage disease. Therefore, there is a need to identify tools that can elucidate the specific mechanisms of human disease in individual patients, a critical step to guide treatment decisions based on specific pathway abnormalities. Here we demonstrate a simple method to isolate and culture circulating endothelial cells (CECs) obtained at the time of right heart catheterization in PAH patients. We tested these CECs using transcriptomics and found that they have typical traits of PAH, including those involving key treatment pathways, i.e. nitric oxide, endothelin, prostacyclin and BMP/activin pathways. CECs show important gene expression changes in other central PAH disease pathways. In summary, we present a new cellular model for the ex-vivo mechanistic evaluation of critical PAH pathways that participate in the pathogenesis of the disease and may help personalized therapeutic decisions.
Beneficial effects of hydroxychloroquine on blood lipids and glycated haemoglobin: A randomised interventional study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wahlin Bengt , Braune Antje , Jönsson Elias , Wållberg-Jonsson Solveig , Bengtsson Christine
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) exerts a large reduction of cardiovascular risk in patients with inflammatory diseases, but the mechanisms are not fully known. The aim of this study was to study potential mechanisms for this.

Methods

This interventional study (EudraCT 2014-005418-45) in 30 patients (23 with rheumatoid arthritis, 7 with systemic lupus erythematosus) investigates the effects of HCQ on cardiovascular risk factors and arterial stiffness in patients with inflammatory disease. Blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and arterial stiffness was assessed at initiation, after four weeks of treatment and after eight weeks of treatment with 200 mg HCQ daily.

Results

After four weeks of treatment with HCQ, total cholesterol had decreased from 5.4 mmol/L to 5.1 mmol/L (p<0.001), low-density lipoproteins from 3,0 mmol/L to 2.7 mmol/L (p<0.001) and apolipoprotein B from 0.96 g/L to 0.90 g/L (p<0.01). Those levels remained unchanged after eight weeks of treatment with HCQ. Levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A1 remained unchanged during the study. HbA1c decreased in most patients, especially in patients with high levels at start of HCQ, but increased HbA1c was seen in patients with low levels at start of treatment with HCQ. No significant effect was seen on blood pressure or any measure of arterial stiffness.

Conclusion

This study does not identify the mechanisms of cardiovascular risk reduction from HCQ. Arterial stiffness is not affected by HCQ. The impact of HCQ on HbA1c and blood lipids is rapid, but of modest magnitude, and these effects do not fully explain the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease seen in observational studies. The mechanisms of cardiovascular risk reduction from HCQ are yet not completely known.
A study of the clinical significance of mSEPT9 in monitoring recurrence and prognosis in patients with surgically treated colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Rong , Chen Jiaojiao , Shen Xin , Lin Yanping , Tang Jiadai , Xiong Guangrui , Zhang Ke , Xiang Mengying , Xie Lin , Hu Fengdi
Published: October 2024

Objective

To explore the medical significance of methylated septin9 (mSEPT9) in monitoring recurrence and prognostic assessment in individuals with surgically treated colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

To investigate the role of Septin9 in colorectal cancer, we utilized the TIMER2.0 database to analyze its differential expression between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Colorectal cancer RNA-seq data from the TCGA database was downloaded and curated. The clinical relevance of mSEPT9 in colorectal cancer was explored by examining the correlation between Septin9 methylation levels and clinical characteristics using UALCAN and MethSurv software. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 130 CRC subjects who underwent surgery for the detection of mSEPT9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression, along with collection of clinicopathological data such as age, gender, tumor site, TNM stage, and tumor differentiation. Patients were followed up for at least 3 years post-surgery until the death or final follow-up dates (31/12/2022). Additionally, peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 colorectal cancer surgery patients for mSEPT9 detection before and 7 days after surgery.

Results

Through bioinformatic database analysis, we identified higher expression levels of SEPT9 mRNA in most tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Similarly, both paired and unpaired CRC tissues exhibited elevated expression of Septin9 when compared to normal tissues. Following GO and KEGG analysis of Septin9 target genes, we discovered their significant associations with ncRNA metabolic processes, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, spliceosomes, and viral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the overexpression of mSeptin9 was observed in CRC tissues, and it demonstrated a correlation with colon cancer staging and histologic classification. In our clinical sample study, The positive rate of mSEPT9 in CRC patients 7 days after surgery was 43.44% lower than that of preoperative. The differences in TNM stage, tumor differentiation degree, and preoperative CEA expression level between the preoperative mSEPT9 positive and negative groups of CRC were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were shorter in the preoperative mSEPT9-positive group, meaning preoperative mSEPT9 status was a risk factor for CRC recurrence and prognosis (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC value of preoperative mSEPT9 and CEA levels for predicting postoperative recurrence in CRC patients were 88% vs. 72%, 56.19% vs. 55.24%, and 0.721 vs. 0.636 respectively, well the AUC value of the combined prediction of postoperative recurrence was 0.758.

Conclusion

The detection of mSEPT9 combined with CEA in preoperative plasma helps predict recurrence in colorectal cancer patients.
Eating habits of students of health colleges and non-health colleges at the Northern Border University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bayomy Hanaa E. , Alruwaili Shmoukh Mushref , Alsayer Razan Ibrahim , Alanazi Nuof Khalid , Albalawi Dana Ahmed , Al Shammari Khulud Hamed , Moussa Mariam Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Background

Eating habits are important determinants of health. Young adults who have recently transitioned to university life experience stress and lack of time, which are major risk factors for poor eating habits. This study’s objectives were to identify and compare eating habits between students at health and non-health colleges at Northern Border University (NBU), Saudi Arabia and to determine the relationship between students’ eating habits and their sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors.

Methods

This comparative cross-section study was conducted on 480 students equally from health and non-health colleges at NBU from March to April 2023. A pre-designed electronic questionnaire was used to collect data on students’ sociodemographic characteristics, eating habits, and diet-related psychological factors. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA/SE version 11.2 for Windows.

Results

Unhealthy eating habits were reported by 44.6% and 41.3% of students at health and non-health colleges, respectively. Most students had irregular meals, skipped breakfast, ate fast food frequently, and consumed insufficient amounts of vegetables, fruits, and water. Parental separation, living away from family predisposed to unhealthy eating habits. Being 21–23 years old, playing sports, and high body mass index were linked to healthy eating habits. Psychological factors such as overeating until the stomach hurts and eating to feel happy were associated with unhealthy eating habits.

Conclusion

Unhealthy eating habits were prevalent among students at NBU irrespective of the type of study. Thus, implementing initiatives to promote nutrition and healthy eating habits within the university environment is crucial for health promotion and well-being among students.
Reference values of normal fetal ductus venosus Doppler flow measurements at 11–14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Li Shizhen , Wu Haifang , Zhu Linlin , Li Qi , Dong Xiangyi
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To establish the reference range of normal fetal ductus venosus pulsatility index (DV PI) and ductus venosus (DV) blood flow velocity at 11–14 weeks of gestation.

Material and methods

Fetal ductus venosus Doppler flow was measured in singleton pregnancies attending our hospital for early pregnancy nuchal translucency (NT) screening between June 2021 and May 2022. All fetuses were followed up for pregnancy outcome using the following inclusion criteria: Singleton pregnancy; no maternal underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, rheumatism, or other pregnancy complications; fetal crown-rump length (CRL) of 45 to 84 mm; normal NT screening ultrasound; no absent or reversed ductus venosus a-wave; no fetal structural abnormalities; no chromosomal abnormalities during follow-up; and good pregnancy outcome. DV PI, peak ventricular systolic velocity (S-wave), atrial systolic flow velocity (a-wave) and time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV) were recorded.

Results

The ductus venosus Doppler parameters of 224 fetuses which met the inclusion criteria were analysed. DV PI P5 and P95 ranged from 1.0007 and 1.3415 for a CRL of 45 mm to 0.9734 and 1.2115 for a CRL of 84 mm, indicating a statistically significant correlation with CRL. DV S-wave, a-wave, and TAMXV all increased as CRL increased, demonstrating a statistically significant correlation with CRL values.

Conclusions

A reference range of normal fetal ductus venosus Doppler spectral parameters at 11–14 weeks was established to provide a basis for further research into the clinical value of normal and abnormal DV PI values in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Voice, Silence and Gender in South Africa's Anti-Apartheid Struggle: The Shadow of a Young Woman
Authors: Johnson Rachel
Published: October 2024

In 1978, amidst the aftermath of the Soweto Uprisings and after being held in detention without charge for over a year, a young black woman who had just turned eighteen, stepped into the witness box at Kempton Park Circuit Court, north-east of Johannesburg. She was there to testify in the apartheid State’s case against eleven Soweto school student activists, on trial for sedition. She confirmed her name as Mary Masabata Loate. Loate would live with the consequences of this decision to talk for the rest of her short life. Who spoke about the liberation struggle whilst it was ongoing? When did they speak and how? And what effects does the gendered history of speech and silence within anti-apartheid politics continue to have upon our knowledge of the past? Arguing that she is emblematic of the way gendered narratives of the struggle have been made, this book listens for the voice and silence of Masabata Loate and her contemporaries within political trials; newspapers; photography; human rights reportage; creative fiction, drama, poetry and song; autobiography and memoir; and oral histories. The result is an unconventional biography that sees this young woman as a shadow within the story of South Africa’s anti-apartheid liberation struggle.
Physician’s perceived barriers to millet-based diet in clinical practice: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Katkuri Sushma , Saxena Shubhangi , Komarraju Satyalakshmi , Dasarathan Sathyanath , Muralidharan Shrikanth
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the perceived barriers faced by physicians in Maharashtra when recommending a millet-based diet for diabetic patients. The objectives were to identify the challenges physicians encounter in promoting millet consumption, assess their knowledge and beliefs about millet-based diets, and evaluate the current resources and practices used in dietary counseling for diabetes management. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 68 physicians specializing in diabetes care in Maharashtra. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling and met the inclusion criteria of having over 10 years of clinical practice and significant experience in diabetes management. Data collection was performed through a pre-tested survey tool distributed through email and Google Forms. The survey included questions on the effectiveness of millet-based diets, patient characteristics influencing dietary recommendations, barriers to providing millet-based food education, and current and desired resources for promoting such diets. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Results: The survey revealed that 70.59% of physicians considered a millet-based diet significantly effective for lowering blood sugar levels. However, several barriers were identified, including high comorbidities (82.35%) and low income (54.41%) among patients, which hindered dietary recommendations. In addition, physicians reported a lack of formal training in millet-based nutrition (73.53%), personal skepticism toward millet-based diets (63.23%), and insufficient patient educational resources (55.89%). Current resources used for dietary counseling were primarily verbal education (100%) and electronic resources (97.06%). Conclusion: Despite recognizing the potential benefits of millet-based diets, physicians face substantial barriers in recommending them to diabetic patients. These barriers include factors such as lack of training, time, and educational resources. To overcome these challenges, there is a need for enhanced educational programs for physicians, increased availability of patient-friendly educational materials, and access to trained dietitians. Implementing these measures could improve dietary management strategies and health outcomes for diabetic patients.
Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeted drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory tract infections
Authors: Epameinondas Georgakopoulou Vasiliki , Papalexis Petros , Trakas Nikolaos
Published: October 2024

Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). By leveraging the unique properties of nanoscale delivery systems, nanotechnology can significantly enhance the selectivity and efficacy of antimicrobials, thereby reducing off-target effects. Objective: This review explores the development and application of targeted nanosystems in combating viral, bacterial, and fungal RTIs. Nanotechnology-based systems, including biological and non-biological nanoparticles, offer innovative solutions for overcoming antimicrobial resistance, improving drug bioavailability, and minimizing systemic side effects. RTIs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Traditional drug delivery methods face numerous challenges, such as rapid clearance, poor tissue penetration, and drug degradation. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems address these issues by enhancing tissue penetration, providing sustained drug release, and enabling targeted delivery to infection sites. These systems include liposomal delivery, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metal-based nanoparticles, each offering unique advantages in treating RTIs. Nanotechnology also plays a crucial role in vaccine development by offering new strategies to enhance immune responses and improve antigen delivery. Furthermore, the review discusses the clinical translation and regulatory considerations for nanotechnology-based drug delivery, emphasizing the need for rigorous testing and quality control to ensure safety and efficacy. Conclusion: Nanotechnology offers promising advancements in the treatment, and prevention of RTIs by enhancing drug delivery and efficacy. By addressing challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and poor tissue penetration, nanotechnology-based systems have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.
SEZs IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Danilova Irina , Karetnikova Tatyana
Published: October 2024

Increasing the pace of economic growth, attracting investments, and technological develop-ment are considered by governments of developing countries as priority goals. Methods of economic regu-lation, in particular the creation of special economic zones (SEZs) with a set of preferential investment and production conditions are used to this end. This paper analyzes the compliance of the applied model of SEZs with the level of industrial development, and the current stage of industrial development in the coun-try. The hypothesis is that the formation of SEZs in developing countries and the system for evaluating their effectiveness are determined by the level of industrial development and resource availability, as characteris-tics of the industrial development of the economy. The article uses systemic and institutional-evolutionary methodology, and methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparative analysis. The study revealed that at an early stage of industrial development, countries actively attract foreign capital by creating export-oriented zones. Attracting foreign direct investment can increase the pace of economic growth, form an industrial complex, and make qualitative changes in the structure of the workforce. The attractiveness of SEZs for foreign investment depends on the geographical features of the location, the available resources, and the in-frastructure. During the transition of countries to the final stage of industrialization, it is advisable to use a SEZ open to the domestic market, aimed at maintaining the innovation sector and integrating research and production. Maintaining an isolated SEZ export model may increase the vulnerability of the host country to global challenges and slow down the transition to a post-industrial economy.
THE INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kelchevskaya Natalya , Zhaparov Rustam
Published: October 2024

One factors of sustainable development is digitalization, which includes digital technologies em-bedded in business processes and models of organizations. This study analyzes the integration of digital tech-nologies into the strategy of a modern enterprise from the point of view of its sustainable development goals. The hypothesis of the study is that the integration of digital technologies contributes to the achieve-ment of sustainable development goals. The methodological basis was the sustainable development of the economy and industrial enterprises, and research considering the digitalization of the economy and the inte-gration of digital technologies. As a result, the concept and essence of sustainable development are re-vealed. The definition of digital production is given. The results show that the emergence of “Industry 5.0” was due to the concept of “Industry 4.0” focusing on technological changes and digitalization of produc-tion, and less on the basic principles of social justice and sustainable development. The new industrializa-tion of the economy is not limited to technological changes in production processes, but increasingly ac-quires an environmental, social, humanistic dimension and focuses the application of new technologies on the sustainable development of the economy, society, and humanity. The practical significance of the work lies in combining approaches to innovative and technological support for the activities of enterprises to achieve a level of sustainable development.
Desenvolvimento de filmes orodispersíveis para administração antisséptica bucal de clorexidina: preparo, avaliação e atividade antimicrobiana in vitro
Authors: Alves Resende Juliana , Almeida Brambati Renato , Aparecida de Paula Geanne , Morgado Cassa Alice Cristina , Areas Bastos Kamila , Polastreli Pirovani Eliseu , Garruth Prata Rayane , Oliveira Villanova Janaina Cecília
Published: October 2024

Este estudo concentra-se na formulação e avaliação de filmes orodispersíveis (FODs) para a administração direcionada de clorexidina como antisséptico bucal. Os FODs foram preparados utilizando misturas de polímeros naturais, seja isoladamente ou em combinação com polivinilpirrolidona (PVP), empregando o método de moldagem e evaporação do solvente. A solução de digluconato de clorexidina foi incorporada nos FODs em concentrações de 0,625, 1,25 e 2,5% m/m e estes foram submetidos à caracterização, abrangendo parâmetros como aparência, espessura, peso médio, resistência à dobra, tempo de desintegração, pH e teor de água residual. As análises revelaram atributos favoráveis para a administração bucal dos FODs. Estudos de dissolução in vitro demonstraram rápida desintegração e liberação, favorecendo o alcance de níveis terapêuticos de clorexidina em um curto período de tempo. A atividade antimicrobiana da clorexidina liberada contra cepas bacterianas Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e um fungo foi avaliada por meio de ensaios de difusão em ágar. O ODF contendo 1,25% m/m de clorexidina apresentou a maior atividade antimicrobiana, com teor de clorexidina de 3,76 mg, atendendo aos padrões de uniformidade de conteúdo. O processo de manipulação mostrou-se simples, rápido, reprodutível e robusto, utilizando excipientes e dispositivo aplicador de filme de baixos custos. Essas descobertas têm implicações significativas para a melhoria das práticas de higiene oral e o tratamento de infecções bucais. Em conclusão, esta formulação personalizada apresenta-se promissora para a manipulação de antissépticos bucais baseados em FODs pelas farmácias magistrais.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization Thaumatin-like Protein (TLP) Genes in Wild Olive (Olea europaea var. sylvestris)
Authors: Silva Alves Maria Cidinaria , da Silva de Souza Ramon , Cabral da Silva Ruana Carolina
Published: October 2024

The wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris) is the ancestor of all olive varieties, displaying remarkable adaptability to diverse climatic conditions and soil types. This iconic tree of the Mediterranean Basin stands out for its ability to withstand environmental stresses, such as water scarcity and temperature variations, playing a crucial role in the ecology, economy, and culture of the region. In this study, 42 TLP genes were characterized in the wild olive tree, distributed across 14 chromosomes and nine scaffolds. In silico analysis revealed the presence of domains associated with antifungal activity in some sequences, indicating their potential role in pathogen resistance. The structural diversity of OeTLP genes was explored through multiple alignments, conserved motifs and phenetic analysis. Correlation was observed between phenetic diversity, genetic structure, and motif patterns, suggesting different functions among OeTLP groups. Additionally, the distribution of exons and introns in the pheneticc tree provided further insights into the evolution of these genes. Comparative modeling of OeTLPs unveiled three-dimensional models with good structural quality and distinctive surface charge characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical, structural, and phenetic features of TLP genes in Wild Olive, contributing to knowledge about this species' response to environmental stresses and pathogens.