bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-(1–9) enhances stasis-induced venous thrombosis in the rat because of the impairment of fibrinolysis
Authors: Mogielnicki A , Kramkowski K , Hermanowicz JM , Leszczynska A , Przyborowski K , Buczko W
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

ACE2 alternatively converts angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang-(1–7) and Ang I into Ang-(1–9). There is little information in the literature with respect to Ang-(1–9) properties. A number of studies show a link between peptides of the renin-angiotensin system and thrombosis.

Materials and methods:

We have investigated the influence of Ang-(1–9) on stasis-induced venous thrombosis in the rat. The contribution of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) and MAS receptor in the mode of Ang-(1–9) action was also determined.

Results:

Ang-(1–9) enhanced thrombosis development, decreased plasma concentration of tissue plasminogen activator and increased the level of its inhibitor (PAI-1). The action of Ang-(1–9) was reversed by selective antagonist of AT1 receptor, but not Ang-(1–7) antagonist. Ang-(1–9) did not bind to the AT1 receptor.

Conclusions:

Ang-(1–9) enhances venous thrombosis in the rat because of the impairment of fibrinolysis. The prothrombotic effect of Ang-(1–9) is mediated by Ang II acting via the AT1 receptor.
Characteristics of Exercise Training Interventions to Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Stroke
Authors: Marsden Dianne L. , Dunn Ashlee , Callister Robin , Levi Christopher R. , Spratt Neil J.
Published: July 2013

Background. Cardiorespiratory fitness is low after stroke. Improving fitness has the potential to improve function and reduce secondary cardiovascular events. Objective. This review with meta-analysis aims to identify characteristics and determine the effectiveness of interventions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke. Methods. A systematic search and review with meta-analysis was undertaken. Key inclusion criteria were the following: peer-reviewed articles published in English, adult stroke survivors, an intervention with the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) assessed preintervention and postintervention via a progressive aerobic exercise test. Results. From 3209 citations identified, 28 studies were included, reporting results for 920 participants. Studies typically included chronic, ambulant participants with mild to moderate deficits; used an aerobic or mixed (with an aerobic component) intervention; and prescribed 3 sessions per week for 30 to 60 minutes per session at a given intensity. Baseline VO2peak values were low (8-23 mL/kg/min). Meta-analysis of the 12 randomized controlled trials demonstrated overall improvements in VO2peak of 2.27 (95% confidence interval = 1.58, 2.95) mL/kg/min postintervention. A similar 10% to 15% improvement occurred with both aerobic and mixed interventions and in shorter (≤3 months) and longer (>3 months) length programs. Only 1 study calculated total dose received and only 1 included long-term follow-up. Conclusions. The results demonstrate that interventions with an aerobic component can improve cardiorespiratory fitness poststroke. Further investigation is required to determine effectiveness in those with greater impairment and comorbidities, optimal timing and dose of intervention, whether improvements can be maintained in the longer term, and whether improved fitness results in better function and reduced risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.
Are There Racial Disparities in Psychotropic Drug Use and Expenditures in a Nationally Representative Sample of Men in the United States? Evidence From the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Authors: Pierre Geraldine , Thorpe Roland J. , Dinwiddie Gniesha Y. , Gaskin Darrell J.
Published: July 2013

This article sought to determine whether racial disparities exist in psychotropic drug use and expenditures in a nationally representative sample of men in the United States. Data were extracted from the 2000-2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a longitudinal survey that covers the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. Full-Year Consolidated, Medical Conditions, and Prescribed Medicines data files were merged across 10 years of data. The sample of interest was limited to adult males aged 18 to 64 years, who reported their race as White, Black, Hispanic, or Asian. This study employed a pooled cross-sectional design and a two-part probit generalized linear model for analyses. Minority men reported a lower probability of psychotropic drug use (Black = −4.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−5.5, −3.0]; Hispanic = −3.8%, 95% CI = [−5.1, −2.6]; Asian = −4.5%, 95% CI = [−6.2, −2.7]) compared with White men. After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and health status variables, there were no statistically significant race differences in drug expenditures. Consistent with previous literature, racial and ethnic disparities in the use of psychotropic drugs present problems of access to mental health care and services.
Characterization method through the electrophoretic behaviour of clays in an aqueous medium
Authors: Piccinini C. A. , Bragança S. , Bergmann C. P.
Published: July 2013

This study investigated a method for characterizing the behaviour of clays in an aqueous medium in the presence of an electric field. The experiments were performed with different clays (kaolinite, smectite, kaolinite-smectite) suspended in deionized water. An apparatus was developed for measuring a continuous electric current under the singular effect of adding sodium silicate to the aqueous suspensions. The results showed that the method allows the differentiation of the investigated clays through their electrophoretic behaviour in an aqueous solution.
Clinical and experimental studies regarding the expression and diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Mu-qing , Du Yan , Liu Yi-wen , Wang Ying-zhi , He Yi-qing , Yang Cui-xia , Wang Wen-juan , Gao Feng
Published: July 2013

Background

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a multifunctional Ig-like cell adhesion molecule that has a wide range of biological functions. According to previous reports, serum CEACAM1 is dysregulated in different malignant tumours and associated with tumour progression. However, the serum CEACAM1 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) is unclear. The different expression ratio of CEACAM1-S and CEACAM1-L isoform has seldom been investigated in NSCLC. This research is intended to study the serum CEACAM1 and the ratio of CEACAM1-S/L isoforms in NSCLC.

Methods

The expression of the serum CEACAM1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression and the location of CEACAM1 in tumours were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The CEACAM1 mRNA levels in tumour and normal adjacent tissues were measured using quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression patterns and the rate of CEACAM1-S and CEACAM1-L were analysed by reverse transcription-PCR.

Results

Serum CEACAM1 levels were significantly higher in NSCLC patients compared with that from normal healthy controls (P <0.0001). 17 patients (81%) among 21 showed high expression of CEACAM1 by immunohistochemical staining. Although no significant differences were found between tumour and normal tissues on mRNA expression levels of CEACAM1 (P >0.05), the CEACAM1-S and the CEACAM1-S/L (S: L) ratios were significantly higher in tumour than normal tissues (P <0.05).

Conclusions

Our data indicated that the serum levels of CEACAM1 could discriminate lung cancer patients from health donors and that CEACAM1 might be a useful marker in early diagnosis of NSCLC. Moreover, our results showed that the expression patterns of CEACAM1 isoforms could be changed during oncogenesis, even when total CEACAM1 in tumour tissues did not show significant changes. Our study suggested that the expression ratios of CEACAM1-S/CEACAM1-L might be a better diagnostic indicator in NSCLC than the quantitative changes of CEACAM1.
Existence of three solutions for a nonlocal elliptic system of "Equation missing" -Kirchhoff type
Authors: Chen Guang-Sheng , Tang Hui-Yu , Zhang De-Quan , Jiao Yun-Xiu , Wang Hao-Xiang
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we study the solutions of a nonlocal elliptic system of

(
p
,
q
)

-Kirchhoff type on a bounded domain based on the three critical points theorem introduced by Ricceri. Firstly, we establish the existence of three weak solutions under appropriate hypotheses; then, we prove the existence of at least three weak solutions for the nonlocal elliptic system of

(
p
,
q
)

-Kirchhoff type.
Changes in codon-pair bias of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have profound effects on virus replication in cell culture
Authors: Martrus Gloria , Nevot Maria , Andres Cristina , Clotet Bonaventura , Martinez Miguel Angel
Published: July 2013

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has a biased nucleotide composition different from human genes. This raises the question of how evolution has chosen the nucleotide sequence of HIV-1 that is observed today, or to what extent the actual encoding contributes to virus replication capacity, evolvability and pathogenesis. Here, we applied the previously described synthetic attenuated virus engineering (SAVE) approach to HIV-1.

Results

Using synonymous codon pairs, we rationally recoded and codon pair–optimized and deoptimized different moieties of the HIV-1 gag and pol genes. Deoptimized viruses had significantly lower viral replication capacity in MT-4 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Varying degrees of ex vivo attenuation were obtained, depending upon both the specific deoptimized region and the number of deoptimized codons. A protease optimized virus carrying 38 synonymous mutations was not attenuated and displayed a replication capacity similar to that of the wild-type virus in MT-4 cells and PBMCs. Although attenuation is based on several tens of nucleotide changes, deoptimized HIV-1 reverted to wild-type virulence after serial passages in MT-4 cells. Remarkably, no reversion was observed in the optimized virus.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate that SAVE is a useful strategy to phenotypically affect the replicative properties of HIV-1.
Adequacy of ovarian diathermy under ultrasound control: an experimental model
Authors: Pimentel Anita Mylius , Kliemann Lucia Maria , Brum Daniela dos Santos , Leivas Fábio Gallas , Sanches Paulo Roberto Stefani , Capp Edison , Corleta Helena von Eye
Published: July 2013

Background

To develop a minimally invasive ovarian cauterization technique under transvaginal ultrasound control and evaluate the safety and feasability of monopolar cauterization to cause ovarian injury using female cattle of reproductive age as an experimental model.

Method

Experimental study in a university research center was performed. Eleven female bovines of reproductive age were submitted to monopolar transvaginal ovarian cauterization. The right ovary (RO) was punctured at four sites and 40 W was applied for 5 s at each point, resulting in a total of 800 J (Joules) of thermal energy. In the left ovary (LO), the procedure was similar, with the same time and 80 W, resulting in a thermal energy of 1600 J. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were assessed.

Results

Of 22 ovaries punctured, 20 were cauterized and exhibited macroscopic and typical microscopic lesions. No lesions could be found in the needle path. The measures of the areas of microscopic electrocautery lesions calculated estimating a cylindrical volume showed a median of 1.12% in the right ovary and 1.65% in the left ovary. When the estimate was calculated by spherical shape, the medians were 1.77% in the right ovary and 3.06% in the left ovary. There was a statistically significant difference in these two estimates (sphere, p = 0.008; cylinder, p = 0.021).

Conclusion

The experimental animal model described for transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian needle cauterization seems to be feasible. The ovaries were successfully cauterized without injuries in needle path and more energy resulted in significantly more thermal lesion. The safety and effectiveness of this technique, theoretically less invasive than current ovarian drilling methods, could be tested in anovulatory women with PCOS.
Comparison between Ag (I) and Ni (II) removal from synthetic nuclear power plant coolant water by iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Salmani Mohammad Hossein , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Aboueian -Jahromi Mohaddeseh , Askarishahi Mohsen
Published: July 2013

The impact of effective parameters such as iron oxide nanoparticles dosage, contact time and solution pH was optimized for removal of Ag(I) and Ni(II) in the nuclear cooling system and the best conditions were compared. Nearly complete removal (97%) of Ni(II) and Ag(I) were obtained at adsorbent dosage of 40 and 20 g/L, respectively. Experiments showed that 4 hours was a good choice as optimum contact time for two ions removal. The effective parameter was pH, so that maximum removal efficiency was obtained for Ag(I) in acidic pH=3 and for Ni(II) in basic pH=10. It seems that removal of Ag(I) was controlled by adsorption-reduction mechanism, but Ni(II) could place only adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich model was more suitable for nickel and silver removal by this adsorbent, respectively. Ag(I) and Ni(II) removal efficiency trend by this adsorbent is similar at periods but different in the concentrations, pHs and equilibrium model. The obtained results were very promising, as both Ag(I) and Ni(II) were effectively removed from synthetic wastewater and there was a possibility to remove Ag(I) very fast. Hence, the idea of using nanoparticles for application of metal ions removal from wastewaters seems to be very efficient and quite promising.
Influence of cheek support on respiratory impedance measured by forced oscillation technique
Authors: Uchida Akemi , Ito Satoru , Suki Béla , Matsubara Hiroki , Hasegawa Yoshinori
Published: July 2013

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a useful tool to assess respiratory resistance and reactance during tidal breathing in patients with respiratory diseases, specifically asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although the FOT has been clinically used, results of respiratory impedance can be affected by various factors such as upper airway artifact. We investigated the effects of cheek support on respiratory resistance and reactance measured by a commercially available FOT equipment MostGraph-01. Respiratory resistance at 20 Hz (R20) with support of the cheeks was significantly higher than those without the cheek support in healthy subjects. Two different cheek support protocols, support of the cheeks by subjects themselves and an operator, were compared in healthy volunteers and patients with respiratory diseases. The cheek support protocols significantly affected respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and reactance at 5 Hz (X5) in the patient group but not in the healthy subjects. Moreover, for X5, there was a significant interaction between cheek support protocols (by a subject or operator) and groups (healthy or diseased). In conclusion, during impedance measurements using the FOT, application of cheek support either by subjects or the operator is recommended to reduce upper airway artifacts, however, results obtained by two protocols may be different in patients with respiratory diseases. Contribution of the chest wall and position of the arms to the mechanical properties should be carefully considered in physiological studies in which the FOT is attempted.
Full-waveform inversion of multicomponent data for horizontally layered VTI media
Authors: Kamath Nishant , Tsvankin Ilya
Published: July 2013

Although full-waveform inversion (FWI) has shown significant promise in reconstructing heterogeneous velocity fields, most existing methodologies are limited to acoustic models. We extend FWI to multicomponent (PP and PS) data from anisotropic media, with the current implementation limited to a stack of horizontal, homogeneous VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) layers. The algorithm is designed to estimate the interval vertical P- and S-wave velocities ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and Thomsen parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] from long-spread PP and PSV reflections. The forward-modeling operator is based on the anisotropic reflectivity technique, and the inversion is performed in the time domain using the gradient (Gauss-Newton) method. We employ nonhyperbolic semblance analysis and Dix-type equations to build the initial model. To identify the medium parameters constrained by the data, we perform eigenvalue/eigenvector decomposition of the approximate Hessian matrix for a VTI layer embedded between isotropic media. Analysis of the eigenvectors shows that the parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] (density is assumed to be known) can be resolved not only by joint inversion of PP and PS data, but also with PP reflections alone. Although the inversion becomes more stable with increasing spreadlength-to-depth ([Formula: see text]) ratio, the parameters of the three-layer model are constrained even by PP data acquired on conventional spreads ([Formula: see text]). For multilayered VTI media, the sensitivity of the objective function to the interval parameters decreases with depth. Still, it is possible to resolve [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for the deeper layers using PP-waves, if the ratio [Formula: see text] for the bottom of the layer reaches two. Mode-converted waves provide useful additional constraints for FWI, which become essential for smaller spreads. The insights gained here by examining horizontally layered models should help guide the inversion for heterogeneous TI media.
Fluid dependence of anisotropy parameters in weakly anisotropic porous media
Authors: Collet Olivia , Gurevich Boris
Published: July 2013

Predicting seismic velocities in isotropic fluid-saturated rocks is commonly done using the isotropic Gassmann theory. For anisotropic media, the solution is expressed in terms of stiffness or compliance, which does not provide an intuitive understanding on how the fluid affects wave propagation in anisotropic media. Assuming weak anisotropy, we expressed the anisotropy parameters of transversely isotropic saturated media as a function of the anisotropy parameters in the dry medium, the bulk and shear moduli of the saturated and dry media, the grain and fluid bulk moduli, and the porosity. By deriving an approximation of the anellipticity parameter [Formula: see text], we discovered that if the dry medium was elliptical, the saturated medium was also elliptical but only if the porosity exceeded a certain threshold value. This result can provide a way of differentiating between stress- and fracture-induced anisotropy.
A transient-flow syringe air permeameter
Authors: Brown Stephen , Smith Martin
Published: July 2013

In response to the need to better describe spatial variations in permeability, we designed and built a new portable field air permeameter for use on rocks in outcrop and core. In this instrument, a chamber containing a small volume of air in contact with the rock is suddenly increased in volume creating a vacuum, causing air to flow from the rock into the chamber. The instantaneous chamber volume and the air pressure within it were monitored. We evaluated a theory to allow interpretation of these data for the rock permeability. The theory required knowledge of some difficult-to-determine geometric constants. This difficulty was circumvented in practice through a calibration procedure. We described the theory for the design and construction of this instrument and reviewed some successful uses in field-scale studies of rock permeability heterogeneity.
Obesity and Insulin Resistance Induce Early Development of Diastolic Dysfunction in Young Female Mice Fed a Western Diet
Authors: Manrique Camila , DeMarco Vincent G. , Aroor Annayya R. , Mugerfeld Irina , Garro Mona , Habibi Javad , Hayden Melvin R. , Sowers James R.
Published: July 2013

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, constitutes the main source of morbidity and mortality in men and women with diabetes. Although healthy young women are protected against CVD, postmenopausal and diabetic women lose this CVD protection. Obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes promote heart failure in females, and diastolic dysfunction is the earliest manifestation of this heart failure. To examine the mechanisms promoting diastolic dysfunction in insulin-resistant females, this investigation evaluated the impact of 8 weeks of a high-fructose/high-fat Western diet (WD) on insulin sensitivity and cardiac structure and function in young C57BL6/J female versus male mice. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and two-dimensional echocardiograms were used to evaluate cardiac function. Both males and females developed systemic insulin resistance after 8 weeks of a WD. However, only the females developed diastolic dysfunction. The diastolic dysfunction promoted by the WD was accompanied by increases in collagen 1, a marker of stiffness, increased oxidative stress, reduced insulin metabolic signaling, and increased mitochondria and cardiac microvascular alterations as determined by electron microscopy. Aldosterone (a promoter of cardiac stiffness) levels were higher in females compared with males but were not affected by the WD in either gender. These data suggest a predisposition toward developing early diastolic heart failure in females exposed to a WD. These data are consistent with the notion that higher aldosterone levels, in concert with insulin resistance, may promote myocardial stiffness and diastolic dysfunction in response to overnutrition in females.
ROCK1 in AgRP Neurons Regulates Energy Expenditure and Locomotor Activity in Male Mice
Authors: Huang Hu , Lee Seung Hwan , Ye Chianping , Lima Ines S. , Oh Byung-Chul , Lowell Bradford B. , Zabolotny Janice M. , Kim Young-Bum
Published: July 2013

Normal leptin signaling is essential for the maintenance of body weight homeostasis. Proopiomelanocortin- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-producing neurons play critical roles in regulating energy metabolism. Our recent work demonstrates that deletion of Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) in the AgRP neurons of mice increased body weight and adiposity. Here, we report that selective loss of ROCK1 in AgRP neurons caused a significant decrease in energy expenditure and locomotor activity of mice. These effects were independent of any change in food intake. Furthermore, AgRP neuron-specific ROCK1-deficient mice displayed central leptin resistance, as evidenced by impaired Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 activation in response to leptin administration. Leptin's ability to hyperpolarize and decrease firing rate of AgRP neurons was also abolished in the absence of ROCK1. Moreover, diet-induced and genetic forms of obesity resulted in reduced ROCK1 activity in murine arcuate nucleus. Of note, high-fat diet also impaired leptin-stimulated ROCK1 activity in arcuate nucleus, suggesting that a defect in hypothalamic ROCK1 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of central leptin resistance in obesity. Together, these data demonstrate that ROCK1 activation in hypothalamic AgRP neurons is required for the homeostatic regulation of energy expenditure and adiposity. These results further support previous work identifying ROCK1 as a key regulator of energy balance and suggest that targeting ROCK1 in the hypothalamus may lead to development of antiobesity therapeutics.
A non-canonical role for the C. elegans dosage compensation complex in growth and metabolic regulation downstream of TOR complex 2
Authors: Webster Christopher M. , Wu Lianfeng , Douglas Denzil , Soukas Alexander A.
Published: July 2013

The target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and regulates cellular energetics, growth and metabolism. Loss of function of the essential TORC2 subunit Rictor (RICT-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans results in slow developmental rate, reduced brood size, small body size, increased fat mass and truncated lifespan. We performed a rict-1 suppressor RNAi screen of genes encoding proteins that possess the phosphorylation sequence of the AGC family kinase SGK, a key downstream effector of TORC2. Only RNAi to dpy-21 suppressed rict-1 slow developmental rate. DPY-21 functions canonically in the ten-protein dosage compensation complex (DCC) to downregulate the expression of X-linked genes only in hermaphroditic worms. However, we find that dpy-21 functions outside of its canonical role, as RNAi to dpy-21 suppresses TORC2 mutant developmental delay in rict-1 males and hermaphrodites. RNAi to dpy-21 normalized brood size and fat storage phenotypes in rict-1 mutants, but failed to restore normal body size and normal lifespan. Further dissection of the DCC via RNAi revealed that other complex members phenocopy the dpy-21 suppression of rict-1, as did RNAi to the DCC effectors set-1 and set-4, which methylate histone 4 on lysine 20 (H4K20). TORC2/rict-1 animals show dysregulation of H4K20 mono- and tri-methyl silencing epigenetic marks, evidence of altered DCC, SET-1 and SET-4 activity. DPY-21 protein physically interacts with the protein kinase SGK-1, suggesting that TORC2 directly regulates the DCC. Together, the data suggest non-canonical, negative regulation of growth and reproduction by DPY-21 via DCC, SET-1 and SET-4 downstream of TORC2 in C. elegans.
The insulator protein Suppressor of Hairy-wing is an essential transcriptional repressor in theDrosophilaovary
Authors: Soshnev Alexey A. , Baxley Ryan M. , Manak J. Robert , Tan Kai , Geyer Pamela K.
Published: July 2013

Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] is a DNA-binding factor required for gypsy insulator function and female germline development in Drosophila. The insulator function of the gypsy retrotransposon depends on Su(Hw) binding to clustered Su(Hw) binding sites (SBSs) and recruitment of the insulator proteins Centrosomal Protein 190 kD (CP190) and Modifier of mdg4 67.2 kD (Mod67.2). By contrast, the Su(Hw) germline function involves binding to non-clustered SBSs and does not require CP190 or Mod67.2. Here, we identify Su(Hw) target genes, using genome-wide analyses in the ovary to uncover genes with an ovary-bound SBS that are misregulated upon Su(Hw) loss. Most Su(Hw) target genes demonstrate enriched expression in the wild-type CNS. Loss of Su(Hw) leads to increased expression of these CNS-enriched target genes in the ovary and other tissues, suggesting that Su(Hw) is a repressor of neural genes in non-neural tissues. Among the Su(Hw) target genes is RNA-binding protein 9 (Rbp9), a member of the ELAV/Hu gene family. Su(Hw) regulation of Rbp9 appears to be insulator independent, as Rbp9 expression is unchanged in a genetic background that compromises the functions of the CP190 and Mod67.2 insulator proteins, even though both localize to Rbp9 SBSs. Rbp9 misregulation is central to su(Hw)-/- sterility, as Rbp9+/-, su(Hw)-/- females are fertile. Eggs produced by Rbp9+/-, su(Hw)-/- females show patterning defects, revealing a somatic requirement for Su(Hw) in the ovary. Our studies demonstrate that Su(Hw) is a versatile transcriptional regulatory protein with an essential developmental function involving transcriptional repression.
In Situ Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property of Bismuth Nanocrystal-filled Carbon Tubes
Authors: Tuerdi Ailijiang , Chen Pei , Zhao Fengqi , Fan Xuezhong , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei
Published: July 2013

A facile in situ template carbonization method was developed to prepare bismuth nanocrystal-filled carbon nanotubes (Bi–CNTs). The resultant Bi–CNTs exhibited high photoactivity for the Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under UV irradiation, and the degradation efficiency was up to 96.6% after 120 min. It was proposed that the surface plasma resonance of Bi nanocrystals may be related to photocatalytic activity of Bi–CNTs under UV irradiation.
BEM Simulation and Performance Analysis of a Small Wind Turbine Rotor
Authors: Song Qiyue , Lubitz William David
Published: July 2013

The blade element momentum (BEM) method is a popular tool for predicting the performance of wind turbine rotors. This study investigated the impact of including factors such as tip loss, hub loss and drag coefficients in BEM simulations of a Bergey XL.1 small wind turbine. The Bergey XL.1 has constant chord, untwisted blades that are challenging to simulate owing to the large variation in angle of attack along the blade during operation. Methods of including post-stall airfoil characteristics, and three wake approaches (Buhl, Glauert and Wilson-Walker) were also examined. BEM simulations were consistent with test data from a Bergey XL.1 collected using a vehicle-based platform. Including tip losses, drag coefficients and wake effects in the BEM simulation had a significant impact on predicted performance, while the effect of including hub loss was negligible. The results illustrate that BEM methods can predict the performance of small wind turbine rotors.
An Overview of Possible Aeroelastic Instabilities for Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Holierhoek J. G.
Published: July 2013

Aeroelastic instabilities can be disastrous for wind turbines. In the early years of wind turbines, aeroelasticity was not a problem, but once wind turbines became larger than 500 kW, some turbines experienced problems due to aeroelastic instabilities. Therefore it is important to design wind turbines with full knowledge of possible aeroelastic instabilities. Different known possible wind turbine blade instabilities are examined and investigated. Stall flutter and flap-lag-stall flutter have been investigated in more detail, showing the possibility of these instabilities occurring on wind turbines, because these instabilities have had less exposure in wind energy literature. Negative damping of the edgewise mode, negative damping of the flap mode and classical flutter are also discussed. The examples show that the knowledge already gained in the field of helicopter aeroelasticity can be very useful. However, the differences between helicopters and wind turbines are such that the results for helicopters cannot simply be copied to wind turbines. There are several instabilities that occur on wind turbines and are less relevant for helicopters.
From the Editor
Authors: Woodruff David L.
Published: July 2013

The “From the Editor” laments the passing of Saul Gass and Arne Løkketangen, and describes the journal's new data policy.
The role of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in atherosclerosis
Authors: Kaznowska-Bystryk Iwona
Published: July 2013

Numerous studies point out to the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and proteoglycans (PG) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Both GAG and PG take part in the formation of tunica intima and tunica media, contribute to the neointima formation, and can be found in the glycocalix layer. These molecules influence many properties of blood vessels, such as permeability, viscoelasticity, hemostasis, lipid metabolism, and extracellular matrix organization. The PG from atherosclerotic arteries had higher binding affinity for LDL, which suggests that alterations in the vascular PG contents predispose to atherosclerosis development. Atherogenic LP retained in the intima in association with GAG/PG, undergo several modifications, such as the oxidation or aggregation. LDL exposed to CS PG is more susceptible to such modification, which favours uptake by the macrophages. Moreover, oxy-LDL stimulated SMC to synthesize longer chains GAG and enhanced LDL binding properties. For this reason GAG structure and metabolism are the potential targets of the therapeutic investigation.
The role of acetylcholine in drug addiction
Authors: Gaweł Kinga , Jenda Małgorzata , Kotlińska Jolanta H.
Published: July 2013

Acetylcholine ACh, is involved in many CNS functions like sensory and motor processing, sleep, nociception, memory, mood, stress response, attention, arousal, motivation and reward. Due to the interaction with the dopaminergic reward system mainly in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), it is believed that ACh plays a significant role on the initiation and maintenance of the drug addiction. Substances affecting the cholinergic system by increasing the levels of ACh, like cholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, physostigmine, tacrine, galantamine), reduced the symptoms of addiction in a drug-induced CPP test as well as locomotor activity caused by morphine, cocaine and heroin. Unfortunately, donepezil failed to inhibit methamphetamine-CPP as well as the locomotor sensitization caused by this drug. For comparison, it has been indicated that mice lacking M5 receptor showed a reduction in cocaine self-administration and morphine-induced CPP. The stimulation of M4 receptor decreased DA release in NAc and the administration of non-selective antagonist of mAChRs, scopolamine decreased cocaine-induced locomotor activity in rats. Moreover, mecamylamine, a noncompetitve antagonist of nAChRs, prevented the increase in cocaine consumption as well as blocked cocaine and amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Thus, drugs affecting cholinergic transduction could be approached as potential therapeutic agents for patients who abuse different psychoactive substances. These issues, however, require further studies.
The role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) in drug dependence
Authors: Jenda Małgorzata , Gaweł Kinga , Kotlińska Jolanta H.
Published: July 2013

The successful pharmacotherapy for drug addiction is a challenge for pharmacology in XXI century. We still do not have any registered medication for cocaine by FDA, alcohol therapies are not enough successful. High hopes concern metabotropic glutamate 7 receptor as a target for pharmacotherapy development of drug dependence. It is well documented the role of the mGluR7 in rewarding and motivational effects of cocaine and alcohol. The mGluR7 allosteric agonist AMN082 and antagonist MMPIP have become new tools in preclinical studies. AMN082 attenuated cocaine-enhanced electrical Brain Stimulation Reward (eBSR) in rats decreased cocaine self-administration, too, probably by counteracting cocaine-induced inhibition of the ventral pallidal GABA release. The mGluR7 activation reduced alcohol intake and preference in rats. The mGluR7 receptors take part in reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior after abstinence. The investigations showed that AMN082 suppressed cocaine-induced reinstatement of self-administrated rats via mGluR2/3 mechanism. It was mentioned also that mGluR7 allosteric agonist inhibited reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP. Moreover, activation of the mGluR7 receptor exhibits less adverse reaction in comparison to other mGluRs and may give a promise for further development of drug dependence therapies in humans. However, some nonspecific effects of the mGluR7 in ethanol addiction have been recognized, so there are further investigations needed to explain the mechanisms of the mGluR7 action in rewarding and motivational effects of drugs.
Making Rational Reinstatement Decisions
Authors: Wishart Mary Ellen
Published: July 2013

A study of 187 students reinstated to the College of Education at Iowa State University from 1981–1987 showed that a student's previous academic deficit in college and classification (grade level) in school are characteristics significantly related to success on reentry.
Components of Good Advising: Differences in Faculty and Student Perceptions
Authors: Creeden John E.
Published: July 2013

An advising survey identified differences between faculty and student perceptions of “good” advising. According to the survey, students rely more on printed information and friends than on academic advisors. Advising sessions usually involve discussions about registration and add/drop problems, although students expressed a desire to discuss broader, more substantive, educational issues.
The College Foreign Language Requirement: An Action Plan for Alternatives
Authors: Philips Lois , Ganshow Leonore , Anderson Reed
Published: July 2013

Foreign language requirements for college admission and/or graduation often pose problem for students with learning disabilities. This paper describes an action plan for the implementation of foreign language waiverlsubstitution policies and procedures to assist students and university staff in resolving the dilemmas that a foreign language requirement may pose.
Using Noncognitive Variables in Advising Nontraditional Students
Authors: Sedlacek William E.
Published: July 2013

Advisors who work with students from culturally diverse backgrounds need to consider, in addition to such traditional variables as academic ability and financial need, nontraditional variables that deal with cultural and racial background. Two case studies allow advisors to try applying various noncognitive variables in advising situations.
Validation of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory With a Sample of Students in Nursing
Authors: Chacko Sandra Beermann , Huba Mary E.
Published: July 2013

The authors examine the construct validity of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) using first semester nursing students. Although 10 subscales have been identified by the authors of the instrument, factor analysis of the LASSI data obtained from the current subjects resulted in 4 reliable sub-scales. Results suggest that academic advisors, counselors, and learning center specialists should be cautious in the use of the LASSI with undergraduate students.
The Relationship of Student Satisfaction With Advising to Administrative Support for Advising Services
Authors: Fielstein Lynda L. , Lammers William J.
Published: July 2013

This study revealed that students in a College of Business reported receiving fewer of what were identified as priority advising activities than did students in two other colleges at the same university. Interviews with the associate deans of the three colleges revealed that student satisfaction was related to administrative policies and attitudes, including advisorladvisee ratios.
Advising Major-Changers: Students in Transition
Authors: Gordon Virginia N. , Steele George E.
Published: July 2013

Students who change majors do so because of changing interests or because they are forced to face “institutional realities. “ Major-changers often drift without recognition or advising. Many students are able to make an otherwise difficult transition into another academic area if they are given special curricular and career advising. An innovative program for helping these students identify, explore, and decide on alternative educational and career directions is described.
Academic Advising: The Challenge of the 90s
Authors: King Margaret C.
Published: July 2013

“Academic Advising: The Challenge of the 90s” was delivered as the President's Address at the 1992 NACADA National Conference in Atlanta, Georgia. In her address King argues that the challenge faced by the profession in the coming decade is the challenge of accomplishing more with fewer staff and fewer resources. King suggests that the basic tenets of Total Quality Management can productively be applied to improve the content and delivery of advising services.
Interventions Using Scales Measuring Expected and Actual Adjustment to College
Authors: Baker Robert W. , Schultz Kim L.
Published: July 2013

This study evaluates the consequences of intervention by interview with college freshmen identified by questionnaires as being at risk in three respects: (a) low prematriculation expectations regarding capacity for dealing with the transition into college, (b) significant postmatriculation disillusionment regarding adjustive capacity, and (c) low self-assessed adjustment in the first semester. Effects were analyzed in terms of score change on scales of adjustment, freshman year grade point average (GPA), number of credits earned in the freshman year, and continuance of enrollment.
Planned Change Projects in Academic Advising: A NACADA Research Grant Report
Authors: Creamer Elizabeth G. , Creamer Don G.
Published: July 2013

Two thirds of the respondents to a survey of NACADA members reported planned changes in academic advising underway at their institutions. The projects were perceived to have positive results, including enhanced perception of the value of academic advising among faculty and administrators.
Continuous Quality Improvement: Transforming Advising Using a META Approach
Authors: Higginson Linda C. , Trainor Jane M. , Youtz Susan C.
Published: July 2013

In providing information needed to initiate personal quality improvement efforts in working with advisees, the authors discuss key continuous quality improvement (CQI) themes and introduce four META principles (i.e., measurement, empowerment, teamwork, and advisee focus). Specific advising scenarios and possible measurable outcomes demonstrate applications.
Determinants of MBA Advisor Job Satisfaction: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Moser Steven B. , Chong John K. S.
Published: July 2013

At most institutions accredited by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), a single advisor works with students enrolled in the Master of Business Administration (MBA) program. This advisor provides advice on course loads as well as careers. As this advisor may make a lasting impression on students, his or her job satisfaction is critical. This exploratory study focused on four classes of determinants of advisor satisfaction. Data were obtained through a survey mailed to all AACSB-accredited schools. A regression analysis revealed that job- and advisor-descriptive variables explained most of the variation in satisfaction. Critical determinants included role clarity, work status, student orientation, and expertise in both technical and creative areas of advisement. This study suggests that full-time employment and clarification of job tasks may enhance advisor job satisfaction.
Cross Talk on Campus: Collegiality and Hostility
Authors: Kramarae Cheris
Published: July 2013

The author argues that, despite a veneer of gender equality on college campuses, the system of gender difference–particularly men's and women's differing communication patterns–continues to put women students at a distinct disadvantage. Focusing on language, the author outlines several areas where women students experience harassment in and out of the classroom and offers suggestions for changing biased communication patterns on our campuses.
A Comparison of the Psychosocial Developmental Levels of Traditional Freshman and Nontraditional Freshman Students: Are They Really Different?
Authors: Arbuckle Julianne , Gale Darwin
Published: July 2013

Data collected during new-student orientation on nontraditional-age freshman and traditional-age freshman students, who had never before attended an institution of higher education, indicated that there were more psychosocial similarities than differences between them. This research suggests that first-entry nontraditional students experience some of the same needs and concerns in higher education as do their younger peers. Referrals to existing advising services may help these students overcome discouragements and barriers to success in their educational endeavors.
Monthly Advising Reports: A Technique to Demonstrate the Contributions of Advising Units
Authors: Migden Joe
Published: July 2013

A centralized advising center promotes its value to the university community by generating monthly reports based on a functional analysis of academic advisor activities. The functions include advising, teaching, conducting workshops, giving lectures, performing research, providing departmental outreach, and advising student organizations. Each month the completed reports are submitted to administrators and faculty members to demonstrate the contributions of the Academic Advisement Center to the campus community.
The Next Generation of Computer-Assisted Advising and Beyond
Authors: Leonard Michael J.
Published: July 2013

In a recent NACADA Journal “Advisor's Toolbox” article, Tukey (1994) explained ways in which personal computer software could be used to automate the process of calculating grade-point averages. Building on this particular example of computer-assisted advising, the present article introduces the next generation of computer-based grade-point average calculation programs and expands the definition of computer-assisted advising by examining additional examples of interactive, student-centered, computer-based advising programs.
The “4-D” World of Higher Education: A New Context for Student Support Services
Authors: West Thomas W. , Daigle Stephen L.
Published: July 2013

Not long ago, one might have thought that student services and information technologies were only marginally related. The former was humanistic and personal, the latter technical and impersonal. This article will suggest that the digital revolution in the university and in the culture as a whole mandates the widespread adoption of technology in all facets of student support services. In exchange for developing new skills, one can also discover powerful new tools for meeting student needs.
Developing an Advisor's Web Page
Authors: Wellborn Beatrice
Published: July 2013

A Web page provides an indispensable resource to advisees. Advisors may include content unique to the needs of their specific advisee populations, and the hyperactive linkages contained on a page can lead to other important academic and job-related resources. This article provides suggestions about how to start Web page development and where one may find examples of advising related sites. A brief outline of possible content is suggested.
The Relationship Between Prematriculation College Knowledge and Disillusionment: Was College What Students Expected?
Authors: Chizhik Estella Williams
Published: July 2013

Disillusioned students are at risk for dropping out. This study examined the relationship between prematriculation college understanding and freshman students' unrealized expectations. A knowledge measure was created to assess preen-rolled students' understanding of the academic, social, and environmental conditions of postsecondary institutions. Though levels of college knowledge were expected to be associated with lesser college disillusionment, the data revealed a complex relationship. Community college students with high levels of knowledge about community colleges were less disillusioned than those with less understanding. Similar relationships were not found for students attending public or private 4-year universities. Implications for academic advisors are discussed.
Improving Services for International Students by Understanding Differences Between Japanese and United States Culture and Educational Systems
Authors: Oliver Diane E.
Published: July 2013

This article is presented to help advisors gain a better understanding of international students; specific emphasis is given to students who have received their secondary education in Japan. Major topics covered are a) differences between the Japanese and U.S. educational systems, b) the complexities of cross-cultural communications, and c) universal concepts in adolescent development. Problems experienced by international students attending U.S. institutions of higher education often fall into at least one of these areas.
Preparing Students for Success in a Multicultural World: Faculty Advisement and Intercultural Communication
Authors: Cornett-DeVito Myrna M. , Reeves Kenna J.
Published: July 2013

U.S. academic advisors are challenged to adapt to the educational needs of a culturally diverse student body. They are expected to prepare advisees for success in a multicultural, multilingual world. Presented are key findings from counseling, advisement, and intercultural communication literature that are associated with multicultural competence, including the academic and modeling role of the advisor. The authors also provide a promising conceptual framework of standards that can guide advisors who want to increase their multicultural communication advisement competence and who want to create a more systematic and comprehensive approach to expanding multicultural advisement scholarship.