bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prerequisite of Insulin and Intravenous Fluid in the Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis to Overwhelmed the Catastrophe
Authors: Butt Tariq Tahir , Ilyas Sobia Muhammad , Shah Syed Mir Usman , Azam Muhammad , Khokhar Amanullah , Shafique Ayesha
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Ketoacidosis (DKA) is relatively common among the states of acute metabolic decompensation of diabetes. It usually transpires in patients with diabetes mellitus who have some type of infection and have poor compliance of insulin. Treatment entailed of correcting hyperglycaemia, dehydration, acidosis, electrolyte imbalance and antibiotic therapy in patients with any type of infection or treating another reason, if any. The aim of this study is to determine the requirement of insulin and intravenous fluid for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis to overcome the catastrophe Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study, held in the Medicine of Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot for six-months duration from July 2021 to December 2021. Methods: Sixty adult patients with DKA who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria who need the total volume of intravenous fluid (saline) required to manage diabetic ketoacidosis. Results: The total numbers of selected patients were 60. Diabetic ketoacidosis was communal in patients with formerly detected diabetes (71.4%), and its frequency was higher in the poor and the rural population, no significant gender differences were found. Vomiting (53.3%), Nausea (36.7%), infection (38.3%) and abdominal pain (30%) were common, with polyuria (25%) and polydipsia (18.3%). The main causes were infection (38.3%) and failure to administer insulin (51.7%). In most cases, status of glycaemia was poor. Many of the cases had mild (43.3%) to moderate (56.7%) acidosis, and electrolyte disturbances were less frequent. Leucocytosis (90%) was consistently present even in the absence of any infection. The result (91.7% survival) is comparable to that of developing countries. For the treatment of CKD, 35% of patients with increased diuresis required 11 liters of fluid. 23.3% of patients required 91-100 insulin units, and maximum patients (31.7%) needed forty-eight hours to correct their acidosis. Conclusion: Diagnosing diabetic ketoacidosis is not tough if noticed in time and can be treated successfully. In order to prevent mortality; adequate fluid replacement is mandatory. Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetes, intravenous fluids and insulin.
Current Practice for the Management of Blunt Abdominal Trauma in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Study
Authors: Khatti Shah Nawaz , Latif Abdul , Bukhari Sorath , Bazai Ajmal Khan , Afzal Sidra Fatima , . Kanwal
Published: August 2022

Aim: To assess the different kinds of management provided to patients with Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT) in the surgical department of a tertiary care hospital. Study design: prospective study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from March 2021 to March 2022 Methodology: The present study includes 115 patients who presented with blunt abdomen trauma (BAT). The data was collected with the pre-designed questionnaire. Data were collected prospectively from all patients admitted to the hospital with abdominal trauma. The trauma was treated using ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) techniques. Laboratory and imaging investigations were performed to diagnose and manage the patients. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were presented in mean, SD/median, frequency, and percentage. Results: During the investigation, 115 BAT patients were examined. The average age of the patients was 33.7 ± 7.2 years. Males (n=94, 81.7%) and symptomatic cases (n=108, 94%) made up the majority of the injured patients. More than half of the patients (n=73, 63.5%) had abdominal tenderness when they arrived. The majority of the patients had X-rays (n=87, 75.6%) ultrasound (n=75, 65.2%), lab investigation (n=83, 72.1%) and abdominal CT scan (n=35, 30.4%). Only a few patients died (n=17, 14.8%). Patients were treated conservatively in 83% of cases, while surgical treatments were used in 17% of cases. Conclusion: Non-operative therapy has become the gold standard for critically stable patients with traumatic injuries. Although non-operative management has a higher risk of failure in patients with multiple solid organ injuries, it should still be used with caution in most critically stable persons who do not have peritoneal symptoms. Keywords: Accident, Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT), Non-operative management, vitally stable.
Evaluation of Mesh Infection in Patient with Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Retrospective Study
Authors: . Kanwal, , Afzal Sidra Fatima , Bazai Ajmal Khan , Bukhari Sorath , Latif Abdul , Khatti Shah Nawaz
Published: August 2022

Aim: To evaluate Post-Laparoscopic infection in Mesh followed by inguinal hernia repair. Study design: A retrospective study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate and Medical Centre Karachi from April 2021 to April 2022 Methodology: A total of 80 participants were included in the study. All the patients had an extensive infection in the mesh followed by mesh hernia repair through laparoscopy. The preoperative workup was done for all the patients before a laparoscopic excision of mesh. A drain was placed in the preperitoneal space after the removal of the mesh. Closure of the peritoneal flap was done after that with a 3/0 absorbable suture. Result: The course of the operation was uneventful for all the patients. Only two patients required a sigmoidectomy for the repair of the fistula. Three patients presented with contralateral side infection and mesh residues around the pubic. A second laparoscopy was done on those three patients. Recurrence of hernia was seen in four of the cases observed on follow-up. Conclusion: Laparoscopic removal of the mesh is a superior approach to the open surgical removal of the mesh for the treatment of mesh infection. However, prevention of infection by prophylactic antibiotics, maintaining an aseptic environment during hernia repair surgery, and proper sterilization of the instruments can prevent the infection. Keywords: laparoscopic, mesh infection, inguinal hernia repair
H. Pylori Infection Prevalence at the Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: Shah Rubina , Butt Tariq Tahir , Ejaz Khan Muhammad Sohaib , Azam Muhammad , Salem Numan Mohammad Saud , Shafique Ayesha
Published: August 2022

Background: The diagnosis of the oeso-gastroduodenal diseases has been revolutionized by the advances in in endoscopy especially gastroscopy. But there is limited data about the digestive endoscopy techniques is available. Objective: The study was carried out to analyze the endoscopic lesions profile and occurrence of H.pylori at the time of endoscopy (digestive). Study design: It is a retrospective study conducted at medicine department of Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot from June 2021 to December 2021. Material and Methods: There were 121 patients that participated in this study and among them there were 58 male and 63 female members. The patients were aware of the objective and signed the consent willingly. All the patients went through gastrointestinal endoscopy and their data was collected for analysis. The review board and ethical committee of our institute teaching hospital approved the study. According to the inclusion criteria the patients that underwent the gastrointestinal endoscopy were included in this research. Results: The data suggest that there were more female members that consulted doctor related to this issue as compared to men. It was also observed that there were more patients under 50 age who came to get their treatment done as compared to older patients. Data showed that the common sign and symptom that was reported by the patients was epigastralgia with 82% patients reporting it. Then the second most dominant symptom was vomiting followed by gastrointestinal bleeding and loss of weight. There were many patients that reported multiple of these symptoms at the same time. . It was observed that the data of esophageal varices was found to be linked with male sex with a significant p value of 0.047. The gastritis linked to H.pylori was associated with lesion. Conclusion: The goal of the study was to find the profile of endoscopic lesions and H.pylori prevalence, its infection in patients undergoing digestive endoscopy. The study was retrospective, and analysis was carried out to find the different types of endoscopic lesions and their impact on certain demographic parameters. The gastric tumor was found to be correlated with age, tobacco had some impact on peptic ulcer occurrence. And the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was commonly observed in majority of the patients. Keywords: endoscopic lesions, H.pylori, and gastric tumor
A Case Control Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in Acute Appendicitis Diagnosis among Children
Authors: Brohi Saifullah , Anwer Sajid , Hamid Faran , Hussain Yasir
Published: August 2022

Aim: To access the diagnostic value of the mean platelet volume in children with acute appendicitis. Study design: A case control study Place and duration: In the Surgical department of Bilawal Medical College for Boys LUMHS, Jamshoro and Sheikh Zayed Medical College/ Hospital Rahim Yar Khan for six-months duration from July 2021 to December 2021. Methods: 150 total patients were selected with the WHO formula with SD 1.09, 80% power, 5% significance level with cases to control ratio of 1:1 and expected populace 7.55. The patients were selected with simple random technique of sampling (lottery method). The continuous variables of both groups were compared by means of the t-test. To determine the association of MPV with other variables; correlation test was applied. Results: The study included 150 patients; 35 (46.7%) are men and 40 (53.3%) are women in the study group and 34 (45.3%) men and 41 (54.7%) women in the control group. 8.21 ± 3.51 (1-15 years) was the mean age of the patients in the study group and the mean age of the controls was 8.69 ± 3.51 (1-15 years). The specificity for raised neutrophil and WBC values was 91% and 89%, and the sensitivity was 77% and 84%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity to MPV reduction was 87% and 54%. Conclusion: The increase in the leukocytes and neutrophils is significantly associated with acute appendicitis diagnosis. It is less costly and less time-consuming which cause more attention to MPV values during complete blood counts in the acute appendicitis diagnosis among pediatric patients. The low MPV levels are encountered in children with acute appendicitis. Keywords: High white blood cell count, acute appendicitis, specificity, mean platelet volume (MPV).
Risk Factors Distribution for Cardiovascular Diseases among High School Students
Authors: Ashraf Jawad , Din Iqtidar-Ud- , Rauf Muhammad Abdur , Arafat Yasir , Khan Imran , , Ahmad Tanveer
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the chronic non-communicable diseases and leading cause of mortality due to various risk factors such as diabetes, tobacco usage, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and physical inactivity. The incidence of CVDS is rising rapidly due to these risk factors. These risk factors track at different ages starting from childhood to adulthood and their distribution varies with gender. Therefore, the prevalence of these risk factors among high school students need to be determined. The present study aimed to assess the different risk factor’s distribution for cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 940 high school students (aged 12-18 years) of Nowshera Pakistan from September, 2020 to December, 2021. Random sampling technique and WHO steps methodology was used for the assessment of various risk factors. All the randomly selected participants were recruited conventionally. Descriptive statistics was used to measure the risk factors distribution among high school students. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age of the students was 15.8±1.4 years whereas age varied from 12 years to 18 years. Of the total 940 students, about 59% (n=555) were boys and 41% (n=385) were girls. The prevalence of tobacco, overweight, and hypertension among boys were 33.2%, 12.1%, 7.2%, and 17.6% (P< 0.001) respectively. However, their prevalence among girls were 7.1%, 1.4%, 12.2%, and 23.8% (P<0.001) respectively. The hypercholesterolemia was found higher among boys whereas girls had more prevalent high triglycerides levels compared to boys. Conclusion: The present study found a higher incidence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among high school students. These risk factors need to be reduced to control cardiovascular diseases among the young population. Also, this study found a poor profile of various risk factors for cardiovascular disease that require future nation-wide investigation to clarify the precise findings. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Risk factors, Hypertension
Isolation and Identificationof Bacteriocin by Dairy Products
Authors: Aslam Maryam , Shah Furqan Ali , Farooq Hassan , Hassan Gul , Khan Mizhgan Ovais , Shah Syed Hasnain , Ali Gadhir , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Bacteriocins is an antimicrobial substances produced by bacteria, identified by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which has been used as food bio-preservatives. The study was conducted at “Department of Life sciences, University of Management and Technology,” Lahore, Pakistan and was aimed to isolates and identify bacteriocin producing bacterial from milk and yogurt.A total of 30 samples were collected (milk n=15; yogurt n= 14)from different local areas of Lahore. All the samples were serially diluted (10-1 to 10-7) and processed on nutrient agar by spread plate method for 24 h at 37℃. All the isolates wereidentified through colony morphology on agar plates, Gram stain reaction and different biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase, coagulase and indole respectively. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were used as sensitive indicator bacteria towards bacteriocin producing species. Out 87 isolates, 30 were found as bacteriocin producers. Out of 30 producer species, 45% were from milk and 24% were from yogurt samples. The prominent producer isolates were Lactobacillus (40%),Lactococcusspp. (17%) and Enterococcus spp. (7%) respectively. Good inhibitory activity was observed against indicator species such as B. subtilis whereas; it was moderate against E. coli. The result indicated that the raw milk as a potential source of bacteriocin producing bacteria. Further research should be done on molecular level of bacterial isolates from dairy products. Keywords: Bacteriocin, Bio-preservatives, Lactic acid bacteria, Antimicrobial activity
Frequency of Proteinuria in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rahman Adnan , Babar Bakht , Sebtain Ali , Gul Hira , Qasim Muhammad , Mustafa Syed Hassan , . Mahnoor , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a huge global health issue, affecting more than 350 million people worldwide, and the number might rise to 439 million in 2030. Diabetes Mellitus is associated with many complications. Most of these complications usually develop after many years or even decades of exposure to chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the most common and grave complication of diabetes mellitus and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was performed on 285 patients from August 2021 to February 2022 on all newly diabetic patients in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Their 24-hour urine for protein analysis was measured to screen them for proteinuria.After measuring the urine protein level in each patient, the study's total frequency was computed across all the patients who had been diagnosed. Data was recorded into a proforma. Results: The age range in this study was from 15 to 70 years with a mean age of 43.01±6.90 years, mean BMI was 27.67±1.99 Kg/m2, and mean proteinuria levels were 42.38±34.142mg/ dl. Males constituted the majority of the patient-group (62.1%). 34.7% of patients were also hypertensive. Proteinuria was seen in 114 patients (40%). Conclusion: This study has concluded that screening for the complications of diabetic patients is beneficial in the preventive management of the disease. Keywords: Diabetic patients, proteinuria
Efficiency of Cordia MYXA (Bumber) Fruit Powder added to Broiler Diets Exposed to Heat Stress on Productive and Physiological Performance
Authors: Al-Gburi Nashwan Majeed Ali , Jasim Mohammed Rasoul Mahdi
Published: August 2022

As a scientific attempt to find food alternatives that contribute to alleviating the heat stress that birds are exposed to, this study resorted to showing the effect of using different levels of Bumber fruit powder to the diets of broilers exposed to heat stress, 240 one-day-old broilers of Ross 308 breed, bred in One of the fields belonging to broiler breeders in the district of Jableh, 65 km north of the center of Babil Governorate (Babylon city), Iraq. The birds were randomly distributed to four treatments, each treatment 60 birds and three replicates for each treatment (20 birds per replicate), the experiment transactions were divided into: Control treatment (C) without Any addition, the first treatment (B1) was added to its diet Bumber fruits powder at an amount of 2 g/kg of feed, the second treatment (B2) was added to its diet by Bumber fruits powder at an amount of 3 g/kg of fodder, and the third treatment (B3) was added to its diet by Bumber fruits powder at an amount of 4 g/kg of feed, during the six-week trial period, the productive characteristics of (body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, food conversion factor) were studied, which were studied weekly starting from the age of one day, in addition to the characteristics of blood plasma represented by (total glucose, cholesterol For total, total protein, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, HDL, LDL, VLDL) which were studied at the age of three and six weeks during the study period, the results of the current study indicated a significant improvement in the productive performance of diseased broilers to intermittent heat stress represented by weight gain. Body weight, feed consumption rate and food conversion factor, as well as the moral improvement in blood plasma characteristics represented in blood chemical characteristics and liver enzymes activity, in addition to a decrease in harmful fat levels in blood plasma. We conclude from the current study that adding Bumber fruit powder to broiler diets exposed to heat stress has significantly improved the productive and physiological performance of the bird, which may give the impression that adding this substance may add a significant difference in the general performance of the bird, which is positively reflected on the general health status of the bird.. Keywords: Broiler, Bumber, Heat Stress, Productive Performance, Physiological Performance
Frequency of Hypomagnesaemia in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Younus Muhammad , Farooq Fareena , Anwar Sohail , Nasir Yasir
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and lungs which occurs secondary to exposure to tobacco, biomass fuel smoke and harmful gases. Every time patient develops acute exacerbations of COPD lung functions further declines compromising quality of life. Magnesium is an important element involved in many functions of respiratory tract by releasing neurohumoral mediators, mucociliary clearance, stabilization of mast cells and bronchodilation of respiratory tract smooth muscles. Objective: The objective of this study is to find frequency of hypomagnesaemia in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and Method: This Cross sectional study was conducted at Institute of chest Medicine, Mayo hospital Lahore. A total of 135 cases fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in study. Informed written consent was taken from patients or attendant and then their demographic data (including name, age, gender, address and duration of disease) was also recorded. All patients with COPD exacerbation were assessed for their magnesium levels. A blood sample of 5 cc was drawn in aseptic measures with help of staff nurse. The blood sample was sent to same hospital laboratory and their magnesium level was recorded and hypomagnesaemia was labeled according to operational definition. Results: Mean age of patients was 47.11 ± 10.92 years. Males were 125(92.59%) and 10(7.41%) were female. There were 33(24.44%) case who had mild, 31(22.96%) cases had moderate, 35(25.93%) cases had severe and 36(26.67%) cases had very severe disease. According to operational definition, 54(40%) cases had hypomagnesemia and 81(60%) cases had normal magnesium levels. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia was found in 40% patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hence, in future magnesium supplementation can be added along with standard treatment to improve the outcome. By correcting magnesium levels, we can further reduce the severity of disease and prevent the related complications. Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypomagnesaemia, Magnesium level, Acute Exacerbation
The Relationship between Swimming Styles and Il-6 Rs1800795 Polymorphism in Professional Swimmers
Authors: Tuna Gökhan , Polat Tolga , Yilmaz Özlem Özge , Kapici Sezgin , Doğan Canan Sercan , Sağiroğlu Isa , Savaşan Mustafa , Erdil Niyazi Güven , Ulucan Korkut
Published: August 2022

Background: Athletic performance can be improved with regular training, the contribution of genetic factors, nutrition and psychological factors. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism in Turkish swimmers and to compare the results with sedentary individuals. Material and Methods: 75 people, including 45 professional swimmers and 30 healthy and sedentary individuals (control), participated in the study. DNA isolation from buccal specimens of athletes was performed using the commercial kit Invitrogen (Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Genotyping was performed with real-time PCR. Results: GG genotype and G allele were found to be higher in athletes. GG genotype and G allele were found to be higher in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the athletes and controls in terms of IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism. In our study, when the IL-6 rs1800795 gene polymorphism was compared between the groups in terms of swimming styles-distances and genotypes, no significant difference was found. Conclusion: Our study is the first to analyze the IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism in Turkish swimmers. More studies are needed in terms of IL-6 rs1800795 to reveal the importance of genetic factors in determining the sports performance of the athlete and to clarify their effects on athletic performance. This first report, which includes relevant genetic markers and swimmers, will guide scientists for further studies. Keywords: Genetics, Polymorphisms, Sports Genetics, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Swimmers, IL-6
Assessment of Risk Factors of Hepatitis B; A Case-Control Study
Authors: . Adnan , Zaman Fakhar Uz , Khuwaja Imran
Published: August 2022

Background: Global health is facing numerous health problems but Hepatitis B Virus is regarded as a major health concern because it has manifested among 7% of the world's population. The majority of people who are infected with this virus are reported from developing countries and they have little to no access to medical facilities; their options of getting a proper treatment are minimal. Hepatitis B Virus is a blood-borne disease; it is transmitted from person-to-person through contact and practices that involve the exchange of body fluids such as unsafe sex or blood transfusions of an infected person. Vertical transmission can also aid in the spreading of the Hepatitis B Virus, contaminated needles used in the injection of drugs or infected needles used for tattoos can also be fundamental tools for spreading this virus. This study was done to assess and find the risk factors for hepatitis B in the region of Abbottabad district. Methods: A case-control study was done among the patients visiting Ayub Teaching Hospital for regular checkups. The sample included 80 cases and 80 controls. The non-probability convenient method was used as a sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23 and frequencies, mean, standard deviation, p values, and odds ratios were calculated. Results: A total of 80 cases and 80 controls were taken (Male to female ratio was 1:4). The mean age of patients was 38.74 ± 13.597. The frequency of age ranging from age 18 to 30 was maximum. Odds ratios and p values were calculated for different risk factors. The odds ratio for the history of blood transfusion was 1.581. Patients who had family members with hepatitis B had a p-value of 0.002. Those who share toothbrushes had an odds ratio of 1.116. Individuals who used illicit injectable drugs had an odds ratio of 2.206. Patients with a history of dental procedures had an odds ratio of 1.581. People with tattoos, ear, and nose piercings had an odds ratio of 1.527. Patients with a history of surgical procedures had an odds ratio of 1.165. Conclusion: This study showed that those patients who received a blood transfusion are at more risk of getting hepatitis B infection. Similarly, patients who live with hepatitis B patients or those who have infected family members are at risk. Sharing toothbrushes, and using illicit injectable drugs are at risk. Patients with a history of dental or surgical procedures are also at risk of developing hepatitis B. Keywords: HBV (hepatitis B virus), HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen), Risk factors
Evaluating Medical College Lib Guides: A Usability Case Study
Authors: Farid Ghulam , Zaheer Sadia , Khalid Ayesha , Arshad Alia , Kamran Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Many libraries have adopted usability testing as a standard practise for ensuring that their online presence is user-friendly and accessible. This study attempt to test usability of LibGuides platform at Shalamar Teaching Hospital, Lahore. The purpose of this qualitative research is to examine the usability, user experience (UX), and information architecture (IA) of LibGuides in the institutional context of Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, The research explored users’ views and was then extended to discuss the general utility of the Shalamar LibGuides. In this aspect, the study is remarkable because there is a paucity of literature on the subject. Keywords: user-centered design, subject guides, LibGuides, Pakistan, usability; research guides; Medical libraries
Evaluating Community Pharmacist Provided Short Education Program to Improve Clinical Status of Selected Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Okab Abbas Khazaal , Hadi Ali Mohammed , Al_Sadoon Ied , Khairalla Mudher Al-
Published: August 2022

Background: Incorrect inhaler usage is very common issue that leads to poorly managed asthma. Clinical pharmacist enhanced patient education is critical in reducing such errors. Education on inhaler technique is one area where pharmacists may significantly impact on asthma therapy and improvement in clinical features. Aim: This study aim to evaluate the efficacy of a pharmacist-delivered education program for improving patients' inhaler technique and clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort trial included 51 individuals with asthma, divided up between an intervention group of 26 participants who were subjected to pharmacist intervention as well as a control group of 25 participants. MDI and turbuhaler users were gathered to participate in the study from five community pharmacies in different areas of the Thi-Qar province (Nasirriya, Suq Al-Shoyookh, and Al Eslaah cities). Basic asthma control and spirometry parameters were evaluated using standardized questionnaire of asthma control test and spirometer respectively. Patients in intervention group were taught how to properly use their inhalers using a combination including demonstrations and re-demonstrations counselling with aid of advices leaflet. After one month for both groups, clinical outcomes (asthma control and spirometry) were reassessed and comparisons were made. Results: A total of 51 patients were involved, with 35 using a turbuhaler and 16 using an MDI. At first session of assessment for all participants, a low asthma control and low median value of FEV1/FVC ratio were recording. After intervention, the median values for asthma control test and all pulmonary parameters was increased significantly (for ACT of 18.5 to 21, p=0.000, for PEF of 2.2 to 2.8, p=0.001, for FEV1 of 1.6 to 1.9, p=0.001, for FEV1/FVC ratio of 63 to 71.5, p=0.002). Conclusion: Community pharmacist based education program applied to patients with asthma to increase awareness of patients about proper inhaler technique have positive impact in improvement of asthma control level and pulmonary functions parameters. This short education program highly applicable and should be consider as one of daily community pharmacist duties. Keywords: Community pharmacist, asthma control test, asthmatic patients, spirometer, inhaler technique, Thi-Qar.
Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Oral Motor Exercises among Speech and Language Therapists/Pathologists in Various Disorders
Authors: Malik Rija Aziz , Rashid Amna , Ghayas Khan Muhammad Sikander , Ahmed Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Azzam , Chugtai Arslan Saleem
Published: August 2022

Background: Oral motor exercises are widely used for treatment of speech disorders by the speech and language pathologists worldwide. Oral motor exercises are oral activities that impact speech production without actually producing speech. These activities include lateral tongue movements, crumpling of lips, panting of cheeks, breathing out and swallowing. Speech and language pathologists in many countries carry on with the use oral motor exercises for treatment of various speech disorders in their therapy sessions. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the knowledge, awareness and practice of oral motor exercises among speech and language pathologists in various disorders. Methodology: A standardized questionnaire from the article “The use of oral motor exercises among Indian speech and language pathologists to treat speech disorders” was taken by permission of author. The questionnaire future betrothed to extract information regarding the use of oral motor exercises. 207 participants were addressed. Participants were Pakistani speech and language pathologists. The questionnaire contains three sections. First section consists of demographic information, second and third sections extract information from the pathologists who did and did not choose to use oral motor exercises, respectively. A written consent was taken from the pathologists to participate in this research work and then questionnaire was given to fill. Descriptive statistics were implemented to analyze answers. Observational cross-sectional study was used and data was gathered from SLPs at University of Lahore. Results: Ninety-one (91%) of the speech and language pathologists who responded to the questionnaire demonstrates that they use oral motor exercises to treat speech disorders. Conclusion: The results tells that the percentage of speech and language pathologists preferring to use oral motor exercises is same as the results of other studies done in other countries. The Pakistani speech and language pathologists prefer to use oral motor exercises on base of multitude of beliefs. It is very important for speech and language pathologists to use the principles of evidence-based practice while using oral motor exercises to provide high quality clinical care. Keywords: oral motor exercises, treating speech disorders, speech therapy.
Antidandruff property of Psidium guajava leaf extracts
Authors: Bhajan Cheetra , Soulange Govinden Joyce , Ranghoo Sanmukhiya Vijayanti
Published: August 2022

Psidium guajava leaf paste and decoction have long been used in Mauritius for their efficacy in dandruff management. The study aimed to test P. guajava leaf extracts against fungi collected from dandruff patients' scalps, as previous research has shown a strong link between dandruff and dermatophytes. Fungi were isolated and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), which contained 2% olive oil, 1% Tween 80, and chloramphenicol. The isolates were identified using physiological, macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction of Mauritian P. guajava leaves were used to obtain essential oil and different solvent fractions, which were then screened for the presence of phytochemicals. The microdilution assay was used to test the antifungal activity of harvested extracts against isolates. Neurospora intermedia, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichosporon asahii were identified as fungi. The solvents chloroform, methanol, and hexane produced higher extract yields (16.2%, 15.2% and 14.7%). The phytochemicals were most abundant in the chloroform-methanol (4:1 v/v) fraction. The methanol fraction had the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC), with concentrations of 298.27 19.66 g GAE/g, 132.1 6.15 g QUE/g, and 118.53 1.60 g GAE/g, respectively. Isolates were most sensitive to chloroform-methanol (4:1 v/v) and methanol fractions, with a MIC of 1.56 mg/mL. From the study, it can be deduced that P. guajava leaf extracts are effective antifungal agents and potential ingredients for natural antidandruff hair products, which are in high demand in the cosmetic industry.
Phytochemical screening and potential antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-melanoma activities of Rollinia dolabripetala leaves
Authors: Campos Mateus , Oliveira Tânia , Júnior Abelardo , Filardi Marcelo , Souza Cristiano , Costa Marcelo , Costa Liovando
Published: August 2022

Plants are an important source of natural compounds used for medicine. The Annonaceae family exhibits a cytotoxic effect on different tumor strains and on several bacterial strains. This unprecedented study investigates the antioxidant, anti-melanoma, anti-staphylococcal and anti-streptococcal potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of Rollinia dolabripetala leaves and of 1.7 -dihydroxyxanthone and xanthone phytocompounds. The determination of the antioxidant capacity was performed by the DPPH and lipid peroxidation methods. Isolated phytochemicals xanthone and 1.7-dihydroxyxanthone were also included in cytotoxicity and antimicrobial tests. Assays for antitumor leaf potential were performed on melanoma carcinogenic cells and assays for antibacterial potential were performed on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus 29213 (SA13), S. aureus 4075 (SA75) and Streptococcus bovis-01 (SB01) strains. The phytochemical prospection revealed the presence of flavonols, tannins and xanthones. Halo inhibition (mm) of Gram-positive SA13 was 7.00 ± 0.38. There was no inhibitory effect on SA75 and SB01 strains. The antitumor activity, expressed in the minimum lethal concentration (GI50) was in μg/mL: R. dolabripetala: 47.04, 1.7-dihydroxyxanthone: 0.98, Xanthone: 3.38, and 5-Fluorouracil: 0.24. When comparing treatments with 5-Fluorouracil, the best correlation between dosage and the inhibition rate occurs with 1.7-dihydroxy-xanthone followed by R. dolabripetala treatment. In conclusion, R. dolabripetala exhibits antioxidant, anti-staphylococcal and anti-melanoma bioactivities with 1.7-dihydroxy-xanthone exhibiting the best correlation between dosage and inhibition rate. Phytochemicals such as, flavonols, tannins and xanthone reinforce the biological results obtained. The seasonal factor in the collection of plant samples may explain the discrepancies in the phytochemical data of R. dolabripetala compared to other species of the genus.
Flash Estimates of Household Final Consumption Expenditure in East Java
Authors: Zulkarnain Rizky
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to construct a flash estimates model for household final consumption expenditure in East Java. There were 153 indicators that were used, covering Big Data and non Big Data indicators. Indicators from Big Data were the Google Trends indicators. The Google Trends categories were selected based on the highest correlation coefficient. While the non Big Data indicators were the total deposit, consumption credit, consumer lending rate, term deposit rate (1, 3, and 6 months), withdrawal (outflow), and Consumer Price Index (CPI). This study examines several models: ARIMA, ADL, Elastic Net, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Ensemble. The models were examined using various scenarios of out-of-sample and estimation periods (t+10 days, t+20 days and t+30 days). The prediction performance of models were evaluated using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The evaluation results showed that the Elastic Net and the Ensemble were the best model for any scenarios. Both models had good performance since t+10 days.
VLSI implementation of booth multiplier and carry select adder based fir filter design for ECG signal denoising
Authors: Sathya Narayanan V , Siddanthan K , Sneha Priya K C , Valarmathi B
Published: August 2022

Over the last two decades, FIR filters have been the subject of intense research. The design of an adder, which is a major building component in circuit design, determines the overall performance of a system. The Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter has been increasingly popular in signal processing applications in recent years. For signal processing field applications and VLSI systems, many adders are implemented. Signal denoising, as well as the production of an effective multiplier, had never been explained in any of the previous publications. This paper proposes 8 bit booth multipliers for partial products. The design employs the Carry select and Booth techniques. For partial product addition, the Carry Select Adder (CSA) is employed. The architecture of the FIR filter is proposed for operation with Electro Cardiogram (ECG) signal. It's known as CSA-BOOTH FIR, and it's used for denoising. Using the MATLAB application, the ECG signal with noise is sent into the filter. The denoising method is written in Verilog, with the output recorded in a text file. The binary values are read in MATLAB to denoise the signal. The performance of FPGAs and ASICs is evaluated.
legality of euthanasia concerning right to life
Authors: Rahman Sajidur , Saikia Priyanka
Published: August 2022

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which deals with the protection of life and personal liberty, has been interpreted in several landmark cases by the courts of law. Every one of those formulations has enlarged the scope of Article 21 to encompass those aspects of life that give meaning, purpose, and dignity to existence. The terms "life" and "liberty" are deeply linked. Liberty gives a person the freedom to make decisions freely, and life without liberty would be meaningless. Thus, Article 21 integrated the concepts of life and liberty distinctly and also connected them through the use of a legal mechanism for their deprivation. Due to this interpretation, the right to die was never construed as an important aspect of the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed by Article 21. The right to die is a notion that is predicated on the belief that a person has the right to make any choice about the termination of his or her life (this also includes undergoing voluntary euthanasia). The major issue is whether individuals should have the right to die and what may be the rationale for such a right.
Synthesis of nano-oxides by preparing metal complexes based on dithiocarbamate derivatives
Authors: Lateef Nisreen Talib , Al-Fahdawi Aeed Salih
Published: August 2022

Metal oxide nanoparticles are a branch of nanoparticles that have high optical properties. Dithiocarbamites are organic sulfur bonds that form stable complexes with metals. There are two types of dithiocarbamate: mono- and di-alkyl dithiocarbamate. In this study, two Schiff bases were prepared, the first Schiff base: [(E)-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-Phenyl methanimine] and the second Schiff base: [(E)-N-benzyl-1-Phenyl methanimine ]. From these two bases, the first secondary amine was prepared: N-Benzyl-2-ethylhexyl-1-amine, and the second secondary amine, Di Benzylamine. This was followed by the preparation of ligands from the two prepared secondary amines, which are Potasium benzyl(2-ethyl) Carbamadithioate, and the second ligand: Potasium di benzyl Carbamodithioate. These two ligands were employed in the interaction with the ions: Mn, Cu, Zn. each separately to form the macrocyclic complexes.
Phytochemical screening and determination of treatment dose of Capparis spinosa L. roots extract in adjuvant induced arthritis in mice
Authors: Jalebawi Rand J. A. , Chyad Amer Hakeem
Published: August 2022

This study was aimed to investigate phytochemical properties of Capparis spinosa roots extract and to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of this extract in adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice which initiated using the complete Freund's adjuvant. For these purposes, the roots of C. spinosa were collected from different rural areas in Wasit province, and the extract was prepared and analyzed phytochemically. Also, a total of 42 male mice were prepared, divided equally to 7 groups involved 2 controls [negative (NC) and positive (PC)] as well as 5 treated (TG1, TG2, TG3, TG4 and TG5) received respectively 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg B.W of the extract for 21 days. Phytochemical analysis of C. spinosa L. roots extract showed a significant elevation in alkaloids and lacking of steroid, with existence of tannins, saponins, polysaccharides carbohydrates and glycosides, proteins and amino acid, coumarins, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds. The clinical findings of the right paw thickness for mice of different study groups were revealed a significant variation in their values. Comparing to NC, values of PC were increased significantly; while, the findings of treated groups with different concentrations of C. spinosa L. roots extract were variable significantly.
Recognition of interferon–induced helicase-1 gene polymorphism (rs1990760G/A) in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Rradeef Shahad Tareq , Mahdi Ilham Abed
Published: August 2022

A case-control study was conducted on 100 females who diagnosed as Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients aged 32-62 years and 100 healthy volunteers who matched in age and gender with patients. Patients were attended to Al-Sader medical city in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. All participants underwent medical examinations to make sure they were suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The TaqMan real-time- PCR method was applied to investigate the genotyping of The IFIH1 gene in addition to the levels of T3, T4, TSH, Anti TPO, and Anti-TG were determined by applying ELISA method by certain kit in all study groups individuals. Current study recorded that allelic and genotypic distributions of IFIH1 polymorphism at position rs1990760 G/A were not significantly different between control subjects and HT patients for the GA genotype (OR = 1.2, %95 CI: 0.57-2.30, P = 0.68), for the GA genotype. While for AA genotype (OR = 1.76, %95 CI: 0.78-3.9, P = 0.16). The same result was obtained when comparing healthy control and HT patients in the dominant, recessive, and additive models. Additionally, significant association of the IFIH1 polymorphism in codominant and dominant models with TPO and Anti-TG, and non-significant correlation with other biochemical features, Age, BMI, T3, T4, TSH, fT3, fT4.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some metals complexes with new Azo-Schiff ligand
Authors: Mizher Safeer Kareem , Wadday Fawzi Yahya
Published: August 2022

In this research the ligand 5-((3-(1-((5-bromopyridin-2yl)imino)ethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (BHAP)was used to prepare new complexes with elements Cu(II) ,Ni(II), Pt(II),Co(II) ,Cr(III). The new ligand was analyzed by partial analysis of the elements (C.H.N). UV- visible and infrared rays(FTIR), spectroscopy H1NMR, C13NMR and mass spectrometry. The complexes were prepared after determining the optimum pH and concentration values ​​by examining the spectra (UV - Vis) of the solutions of these complexes to find out the pH (3-10), concentration (1*10 -4-5.5*10-4) and molar ratios that agree with Beer-Lambert's law. The chemical measurement of the complexes was known with respect to the ligand ratio, which was verified by spectroscopy technique, after choosing the maximum absorption of the solutions of those complexes, where the ligand ratio (1:1) was achieved for all complexes. The properties of the prepared complexes were identified by (FTIR), ultraviolet and visible rays, molar conduction, atomic absorption, magnetic sensitivity and elemental analysis techniques (C.H.N. Through the results obtained from physical, chemical and spectroscopic techniques, the geometrical shape of these complexes was suggested as octahedral. All these complexes were evaluated against two types of pathogenic bacteria (positive and negative).
study of sulfur content in crude oil, gasoline and kerosene in some Iraqi oil fields and refineries
Authors: Alzarqani Alaa K. , Alduhaidahawi Faris J.
Published: August 2022

Sulfur content in crude oil and petroleum products is a major problem, as the high content of sulfur in fuel leads to harmful emissions and leads to serious environmental and health risks as a result of emissions from sources that use gasoline as fuel for cars or kerosene as fuel for household heaters, causing serious emissions harmful to health. It is necessary to determine the sulfur content in crude oil, and to determine the type of crude oil (acid or sweet). comparing gasoline and kerosene sulphur content to international regulations to determine the extent to which oil refineries comply with internationally permitted limits and the extent to which sulphur content is linked to API Gravity sampling of several oil fields and refineries at varying intervals and distributed to nine provinces (Muthanna, Diwaniyah, Dhi Qar), Basra-Shuaiba, Maysan, Wasit, Baghdad-Dora refinery, Baiji refinery,The huss. It was concluded that Iraqi crude oil is sour, and laboratory tests showed that all refineries do not adhere to the limits allowed globally and domestically in terms of gasoline and kiros production, and the results showed a strong relationship between sulfur content and API Gravity.
effect of identifying automatic thoughts on reducing self-defeat among female students who were domestically abused at the secondary stage
Authors: Zubairy Batoul Bnai , Khalifa Doaa Mohamed
Published: August 2022

The effect of identifying spontaneous thoughts in reducing self-defeat among female students who were domestically abused in the secondary stage. The stage of adolescence in which individuals deviate from the right path if they are not informed of care and control, because the conflict between the elements of good and evil in the individual, and the struggle between satisfying aggressive motives and between fear of punishment, remorse of conscience, loss of a sense of security, guilt complexes and a sense of guilt subconsciously push the individual to defeat The secondary school stage corresponding to the middle adolescence stage is one of the most sensitive stages of an individual's life, as the individual becomes vulnerable to many behavioral, emotional and social problems (Al-Tamimi, 2013, pg. 47). There are a number of these studies that confirmed and diagnosed the existence of self-defeat among female students, including the study (Murad, 2011) and the study (Hovland, 2007). The researcher decided to confront this phenomenon in another indicative way, which is the method of identifying automatic thoughts. Permanent change in his feelings and behavior.