bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINKRONISASI ANTARA PERENCANAAN NAGARI DENGAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH DI KABUPATEN SOLOK
Authors: Agustar Asdi , Syarfi Ira Wahyuni , Wati Elma
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sinkronisasi perencanaan pada tingkat nagari dengan perencanaan pembangunan pada tingkat kabupaten di Kabupaten Solok dan untuk mengetahui masalah sinkronisasi perencanaan pada tingkat nagari dengan perencanaan pembangunan pada tingkat kabupaten di Kabupaten Solok. Penelitian ini menganalisis dokumen perencanaan pada tingkat nagari yaitu RPJM Nagari Tahun 2013-2019 dan RKP Nagari Tahun 2017-2019 dengan dokumen perencanaan Kabupaten Solok yaitu RPJMD Kabupaten Solok Tahun 2016-2021 dan RKPD Kabupaten Solok Tahun 2017-2019 dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus pada 4 nagari kasus berdasarkan Indek Desa Membangun (IDM) Tahun 2019 yaitu : (1) Nagari Talang (nagari maju), (2) Nagari Aie Batumbuk (nagari berkembang), (3) Nagari Labuah Panjang (nagari tertinggal), dan (4) Nagari Sarik Alahan Tigo (nagari sangat tertinggal) dengan gabungan pendekatan kuantitatif (analisis isi dan analisi pernyataan) dan kualitatif (wawancara dengan informan kunci). Aspek yang dianalisis didalam penelitian ini yaitu visi, misi, tujuan, dan sasaran dari RPJM serta arah kebijakan dalam RKP. Hasil analisis akan dikelompokkan ke dalam empat level tingkat keterkaitan Krippendorff yaitu kuat, sedang, lemah, dan tidak terkait.  Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) visi terkait sedang dengan visi Kabupaten Solok; (2) Misi terkait kuat dengan misi Kabupaten Solok; (3) tujuan terkait lemah dengan tujuan Kabupaten Solok; (4) Sasaran terkait lemah dengan sasaran Kabupaten Solok; dan (5) RKP nagari terkait kuat terhadap RKPD Kabupaten Solok. Masalah dalam sinkronisasi ini terlihat pada lemahnya sumber daya manusia nagari dan tidak adanya monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap dokumen perencana tersebut. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya tim indipenden nagari yang besinergi dengan pemerintahan Kabupaten Solok dan adanya pendampingan nagari oleh Kabupaten dalam membuat dokumen perencanaa nagari.

Kata Kunci: Sinkronisasi; Perencanaan; Pembangunan; RPJM; dan RKP
LOKASI POTENSIAL SIMPUL PERSINGGAHAN TRANSPORTASI MENJADI PUSAT PERMUKIMAN PADA KORIDOR KOTA BENGKULU-PERBATASAN SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Rahmadanita Annisa
Published: December 2021

Wilayah Provinsi Bengkulu dilalui jalan arteri primer yang berfungsi sebagai sumbu pengembangan yang menghubungkan Kota Bengkulu dengan Kota Palembang, melalui Kota Lubuk Linggau, Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, Kabupaten Kepahiang, dan Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Keberadaan wilayah koridor jalan arteri primer nasional sebagai sumbu pengembangan ini seringkali terabaikan dalam pengembangan wilayah. Penelitian ini dalam rangka untuk memanfaatkan keberadaan kawasan koridor sumbu pengembangan tersebut, dengan melakukan identifikasi dimana saja lokasi potensial simpul persinggahan transportasi (SPT) yang memungkinkan dikembangkan dan yang memiliki ranking potensialitas tinggi untuk dikembangkan menjadi pusat permukiman di sepanjang koridor Kota Bengkulu-Perbatasan Sumatera Selatan? Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti berusaha memotret kondisi nyata yang ada di lapangan dengan menyertakan bukti-bukti otentik dari berbagai teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan, dengan mendasarkan pengambatan berdasarkan indikator yang telah ditentukan berbasis teori Development Axes (Pottier, 1963 dalam Hilhorst, 1972) dan teori perkembangan SPT pada SP (Santoso, 2014). Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pada Koridor jalan arteri primer Kota Bengkulu-bts Sumsel (Lubuk Linggau), terdapat 48 lokasi potensial pengembangan SPT menjadi Pusat Permukiman (yg lebih besar) dengan 28 fungsional dan 20 potensi. Di wilayah Kota Bengkulu terdapat 5 lokasi potensial dgn 4 fungsional dan 1 lokasi masih potensi. Di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah Terdapat 23 lokasi potensial dgn 14 fungsional dan 10 potensi. Di Kabupaten Kepahiang terdapat 7 lokasi potensial dgn 4 fungsional dan 3 potensi. Di Kabupaten Rejanglebong terdapat 15 lokasi potensial, dgn 9 fungsional dan 6 potensi. Adapun rekomendasi terkait dengan adanya perbedaan perkembangan dan fungsionalitas lokasi potensial, Pemda Kab/kota dan Provinsi perlu menyusun Strategi yang berbeda-beda untuk tiap jenis lokasi potensial terkait dengan perkembangan dan kelemahan yg ada.

Kata Kunci:  Lokasi Potensial, Simpul Persinggahan Transportasi, Pusat Permukiman.
EFEKTIVITAS PERAN BAPPEDA DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI PASAR SORE TAPIOKA KELURAHAN SIRIWINI DISTRIK NABIRE KABUPATEN NABIRE PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana , Arfayan Manuel Pieter Stenly
Published: December 2021

Pasar Sore Tapioka merupakan sektor perekonomian yang memiliki kondisi fisik atau infrastruktur dengan kategori buruk. Kondisi bangunan seperti ini membuat masyarakat membutuhkan sentuhan pemerintah untuk membangun pasar tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis efektivitas peran Bappeda dalam perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur di Pasar Sore Tapioka Kelurahan Siriwini, Distrik Nabire, Kabupaten Nabire. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan didasarkan pada teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Efektivitas Peran Bappeda dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan belum efektif. Sesuai dengan indikator teori efektivitas, dimana masih belum maksimalnya koordinasi antar stakeholder terkait untuk melaksanakan pembangunan di Pasar Sore Tapioka. Kemudian, masyarakat pelaku ekonomi juga merasa belum puas dengan pembangunan pasar tersebut yang kurang memadai, hal ini disebabkan karena Pasar Sore Tapioka belum memiliki data teknis atau sertifikat tanah yang jelas. Sertifikat ini menjadi landasan pelaksanaan perencanaan pembangunan maupun pengembangan Pasar Sore Tapioka karena akan menggunakan anggaran negara. Untuk itu, pembangunan dan pengembangan Infrastruktur di Pasar Sore Tapioka ini seyogyanya dilaksanakan, serta pengkinian data kepemilikan tanah anggota masyarakat perlu ditegakkan. Dengan demikian, tertib administrasi pertanahan menjadi modal utama dalam menyukseskan pembangunan Infrastruktur di Pasar Sore Tapioka.

Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Perencanaan Pembangunan, Peran Bappeda, Pembangunan Berkelanjutan,Kabupaten Nabire
Green building as a direction of sustainable development: essence, tasks, principles, benefits, prospects
Authors: Bilotil V.
Published: December 2021

The construction industry plays an important role in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals and reducing the impact on climate change through the introduction of green building principles. So the article has been devoted to this type of construction as an important area of sustainable development.
The interaction of climate change and construction activities has been substantiated in the article. Tasks and principles of sustainable construction have been analyzed. The economic, ecological and social benefits of green construction have been studied. The difference between traditional and green construction has been described. The current state of development of sustainable construction in Ukraine and the world has been considered. Prospects for green construction in Ukraine have been identified. The urgency and necessity of its implementation in our country have been proved.
Tipping Points in the Earth System
Authors: Mackie Erik
Published: December 2021

There is mounting evidence that some parts of the Earth system may be at risk of abrupt and potentially irreversible changes, driven by the cumulative impact of incremental global warming. Such a non-linear transition could be triggered if a critical threshold in global temperature – a “tipping point” – is crossed, when a small change could push a system into a completely new state, with potentially catastrophic impacts. In this technical briefing, we will first define tipping points and tipping elements, then explore several tipping elements in more detail and discuss the questions of abruptness, irreversibility, timescales and uncertainties for each of them. We also investigate the possibility of developing early warning systems for tipping points, and the risk of cascades of interacting tipping points, where one tipping point could trigger another.
Early Life Painful Procedures: Long-Term Consequences and Implications for Farm Animal Welfare
Authors: Adcock Sarah J. J.
Published: December 2021

Farm animals routinely undergo painful husbandry procedures early in life, including disbudding and castration in calves and goat kids, tail docking and castration in piglets and lambs, and beak trimming in chicks. In rodents, inflammatory events soon after birth, when physiological systems are developing and sensitive to perturbation, can profoundly alter phenotypic outcomes later in life. This review summarizes the current state of research on long-term phenotypic consequences of neonatal painful procedures in rodents and farm animals, and discusses the implications for farm animal welfare. Rodents exposed to early life inflammation show a hypo-/hyper-responsive profile to pain-, fear-, and anxiety-inducing stimuli, manifesting as an initial attenuation in responses that transitions into hyperresponsivity with increasing age or cumulative stress. Neonatal inflammation also predisposes rodents to cognitive, social, and reproductive deficits, and there is some evidence that adverse effects may be passed to offspring. The outcomes of neonatal inflammation are modulated by injury etiology, age at the time of injury and time of testing, sex, pain management, and rearing environment. Equivalent research examining long-term phenotypic consequences of early life painful procedures in farm animals is greatly lacking, despite obvious implications for welfare and performance. Improved understanding of how these procedures shape phenotypes will inform efforts to mitigate negative outcomes through reduction, replacement, and refinement of current practices.
Euglena gracilis and Its Aqueous Extract Constructed With Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Facilitate Cutaneous Wound Healing in Mice Without Inducing Excessive Inflammatory Response
Authors: Li Jin , Zheng Zezhou , Du Ming , Chen Jinchun , Zhu Hui , Hu Zhangli , Zhu Yanxia , Wang Jiangxin
Published: December 2021

Naturally occurring compounds isolated from the microalga Euglena gracilis, such as polysaccharide paramylon, exhibit antimicrobial, anti-viral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. Whether live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract accelerate burn wound healing remains to be investigated. In this study, live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract were mixed with chitosan-hyaluronic acid hydrogel (CS/HA) to form cell + CS/HA and extract + CS/HA, which were then smeared onto the deeply burned skin of mice. The efficacy of these mixtures in accelerating wound healing was assessed through wound size reduction measurement, histological and immunofluorescence analyses, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine level (INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) determination. The live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract were found to facilitate wound healing by enhancing re-epithelization and reducing fibroplasia without stimulating excessive inflammatory response. In conclusion, live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract can be potentially used to treat cutaneous wounds.
A Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for CEA Detection on a Novel Signal Amplification Platform of Cu2S/Pd/CuO Nanocomposites
Authors: Cao Linlin , Zhang Wen , Lu Sumei , Guo Chengjie , Wang Peijun , Zhang Dantong , Ma Wanshan
Published: December 2021

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is regarded as one of the crucial tumor markers for colorectal cancer. In this study, we developed the snowflake Cu2S/Pd/CuO nanocomposite to construct an original label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of CEA levels. The nanocomposite of cuprous sulfide (Cu2S) with Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was synthesized through an in situ formation of Pd NPs on the Cu2S. Cuprous sulfide (Cu2S) and CuO can not only be used as a carrier to increase the reaction area but also catalyze the substrate to generate current signal. Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) have excellent catalytic properties and good biocompatibility, as well as the ability of excellent electron transfer. The immunosensor was designed using 5 mmol/L H2O2 as the active substrate by optimizing the conditions with a detection range from 100 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml and a minimum detection limit of 33.11 fg/ml. The human serum was detected by electrochemical immunoassay, and the results were consistent with those of the commercial electrochemical immunosensor. Therefore, the electrochemical immunosensor can be used for the detection of human serum samples and have potential value for clinical application.
Fast Screening and Identification of Illegal Adulterated Glucocorticoids in Dietary Supplements and Herbal Products Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS With All-Ion Fragmentation Acquisition Combined With Characteristic Fragment Ion List Classification
Authors: Xue Ying , Sheng Yanghao , Wang Jue , Huang Qi , Zhang Fengyu , Wen Ying , Liu Shao , Jiang Yueping
Published: December 2021

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) with all-ion fragmentation (AIF) acquisition was established for an identification and quantification of illegal adulterated glucocorticoids in dietary supplements and herbal products. Next, a novel method called characteristic fragment ion list classification (CFILC) was developed for a fast screening of adulterated compounds. CFILC could provide the characteristic ions comprehensively and completely through direct extract from the MS2 library instead of finding them manually. This is time-saving and provides fast screening results with a high confidence level by filtering of a pre-calculated threshold of similarity scores for illegal adulterants that are not included in the library as well as for new emerging structural analogs. The obtained results demonstrated the great qualitative and quantitative strength of this approach, providing a promising and powerful method for a routine fast screening of illegal adulterated glucocorticoids.
Implications of Multiple Disequilibrium Textures in Quartz-Hosted Embayments
Authors: Ruefer Anna C. , Befus Kenneth S. , Thompson James O. , Andrews Benjamin J.
Published: December 2021

The faces of volcanic phenocrysts may be marked by imperfections occurring as holes that penetrate the crystal interior. When filled with glass these features, called embayments or reentrants, have been used to petrologically constrain magmatic ascent rate. Embayment ascent speedometry relies on the record of disequilibrium preserved as diffusion-limited volatile concentration gradients in the embayment glass. Clear, glassy embayments are carefully selected for speedometry studies. The use and subsequent descriptions of pristine embayments overrepresent their actual abundance. Here, we provide a textural analysis of the number, morphology, and filling characteristics of quartz-hosted embayments. We target a collection of large (i.e., >20 km3 erupted volume) silicic eruptions, including the Bishop Tuff, Tuff of Bluff Point, Bandelier Tuff, Mesa Falls Tuff, and Huckleberry Ridge Tuff in the United States, Oruanui Tuff in New Zealand, Younger Toba Tuff in Indonesia, the Kos Plateau Tuff in Greece, and the Giant Pumice from La Primavera caldera in Mexico. For each unit, hundreds of quartz crystals were picked and the total number of embayment-hosting crystals were counted and categorized into classifications based on the vesicularity and morphology. We observed significant variability in embayment abundance, form, and vesicularity across different eruptions. Simple, cylindrical forms are the most common, as are dense glassy embayments. Increasingly complex shapes and a range of bubble textures are also common. Embayments may crosscut or deflect prominent internal cathodoluminescence banding in the host quartz, indicating that embayments form by both dissolution and growth. We propose potential additional timescales recorded by embayment disequilibrium textures, namely, faceting, bubbles, and the lack thereof. Embayment formation likely occurs tens to hundreds of years before eruption because embayment surfaces are rounded instead of faceted. Bubble textures in embayments are far from those predicted by equilibrium solubility. Homogenous nucleation conditions likely allow preservation of pressures much greater than magmastatic inside embayments. Our textural observations lend insight into embayment occurrence and formation and guide further embayment studies.
Thyroid Hormone Nuclear Receptor TRα1 and Canonical WNT Pathway Cross-Regulation in Normal Intestine and Cancer
Authors: Sirakov Maria , Claret Leo , Plateroti Michelina
Published: December 2021

A pivotal role of thyroid hormones and their nuclear receptors in intestinal development and homeostasis have been described, whereas their involvement in intestinal carcinogenesis is still controversial. In this perspective article we briefly summarize the recent advances in this field and present new data regarding their functional interaction with one of the most important signaling pathway, such as WNT, regulating intestinal development and carcinogenesis. These complex interactions unveil new concepts and will surely be of importance for translational research.
Craniofacial and Craniocervical Features in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Radiological Study of 17 Patients and 34 Controls
Authors: Arponen Heidi , Evälahti Marjut , Mäkitie Outi
Published: December 2021

Background

Biallelic mutations in the non-coding RNA gene RMRP cause Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), a rare skeletal dysplasia in which the main phenotypic characteristic is severe progressive growth retardation.

Objective

This study compared the cranial dimensions of individuals with CHH to healthy subjects.

Methods

Lateral skull radiographs of 17 patients with CHH (age range 10 to 59 years) and 34 healthy individuals (age range 10 to 54 years) were analyzed for relative position of the jaws to skull base, craniofacial height and depth, as well as vertical growth pattern of the lower jaw, anterior cranial base angle, and the relationship between the cervical spine and skull base.

Results

We found that the length of the upper and lower jaws, and clivus were significantly decreased in patients with CHH as compared to the controls. Anterior cranial base angle was large in patients with CHH. Basilar invagination was not found.

Conclusion

This study found no severe craniofacial involvement of patients with CHH, except for the short jaws. Unexpectedly, mandibular deficiency did not lead to skeletal class II malocclusion.

Clinical Impact

Although the jaws were shorter in patients with CHH, they were proportional to each other. A short posterior cranial base was not associated with craniocervical junction pathology.
Lactobacillus acidophilus Supplementation Exerts a Synergistic Effect on Tacrolimus Efficacy by Modulating Th17/Treg Balance in Lupus-Prone Mice via the SIGNR3 Pathway
Authors: Kim Da Som , Park Youngjae , Choi Jeong-Won , Park Sung-Hwan , Cho Mi-La , Kwok Seung-Ki
Published: December 2021

Objective

Tacrolimus (Tac) is an immunosuppressant used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, it induces T cell subset imbalances by reducing regulatory T (Treg) cells. Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) is reported to have therapeutic efficacy in immune-mediated diseases via T cell regulation.

Methods

This study investigated whether a combination therapy of LA and Tac improves the therapeutic efficacy of Tac by modulating T cell subset populations in an animal model of SLE. Eight-week-old MRL/lpr mice were orally administered with 5 mg/kg of Tac and/or 50 mg/kg of LA daily for 8 weeks. Cecal microbiota compositions, serum autoantibodies levels, the degree of proteinuria, histological changes in the kidney, and populations of various T cell subsets in the spleen were analyzed.

Results

Mice presented with significant gut dysbiosis, which were subsequently recovered by the combination treatment of Tac and LA. Double negative T cells in the peripheral blood and spleens of MRL/lpr mice were significantly decreased by the combination therapy. The combination treatment reduced serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and Immunoglobulin G2a, and renal pathology scores were also markedly alleviated. The combination therapy induced Treg cells and decreased T helper 17 (Th17) cells both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro treatment with LA induced the production of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, programmed death-ligand 1, and interleukin-10 via the specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin homolog-related 3 receptor signals.

Conclusion

The present findings indicate that LA augments the therapeutic effect of Tac and modulates Th17/Treg balance in a murine model of SLE.
First Report on the Benthic Invertebrate Community Associated With a Bronze Naval Ram From the First Punic War: A Proxy of Marine Biodiversity
Authors: Gravina Maria Flavia , Casoli Edoardo , Donnarumma Luigia , Giampaoletti Jacopo , Antonelli Federica , Sacco Perasso Carlotta , Ricci Sandra
Published: December 2021

Historical traces of organisms on the seafloor, such as shells and tubes, constitute the ecological memory of ancient benthic assemblages and serve as an important resource for understanding the assembly of modern communities. Archeological shipwrecks are particularly interesting submerged substrata for both their archeological and biological implications. For the first time, we studied the species composition and life-history traits of dominant organisms in the benthic assemblage on a bronze Carthaginian naval ram, which sank more than two thousand years ago in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. By comparing the species composition of the ram assemblage with those of the surrounding habitats, we inferred possible colonization patterns for the ram and discussed the informative role of the shipwreck as a proxy of marine biodiversity. The ram assemblage was rich in species, including both sessile (bryozoans, serpulid polychaetes, and few bivalves) and motile (gastropods) species. Sexual reproduction with free-spawning fertilization and long-duration larvae characterized most species. The long submersion time of the ram, together with the reproductive strategies, growth forms, and motility of the dominant species were key factors shaping the community of the ram. The ram itself offers an archeological artifact of inestimable value, but our analysis revealed it to be an effective collector of fauna from the surrounding seabed. The ram community hosted species from a range of nearby natural habitats (mostly coralligenous, detritic bottoms, and zoosteracean meadows) and thus served as a proxy for marine biodiversity on the surrounding seabed. We conclude that the presence of many species on the ram that commonly occur in adjacent habitats of great environmental value was informative and highlight the important marine biodiversity in the area of the Aegadian archipelago.
The Impact of Postponed Fertility Treatment on the Sexual Health of Infertile Patients Owing to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dong Meng , Wu Shanshan , Tao Yanqiang , Zhou Feifei , Tan Jichun
Published: December 2021

Background: With the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the beginning of 2020, all non-essential medical treatments were suspended, including fertility treatments. As a unique group in society, patients with infertility may be more sensitive and vulnerable in the face of pressure and crisis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on the influence of postponed fertility treatment on the sexual health of infertile patients owing to COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether postponed fertility treatment resulting from COVID-19 affects the sexual health of patients with infertility.

Methods: A total of 1,442 participants were included for analysis in this large-scale study. Those with postponed fertility treatment were categorised as group A (n = 474), whereas those whose fertility treatment was not delayed were in group B (n = 968). The sexual health and psychological well-being were compared between the two groups.

Results: The total Female Sexual Function Index score and five domains of female sexual function (arousal ability, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and coital pain) were significantly lower in group A than those in group B (p < 0.05). The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction score and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool score were significantly higher in group A than those in group B (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Delaying fertility treatment obviously affects patients' sexual and mental health. Through a structural equation model, we observed that postponed fertility treatment mediates sexual health by regulating psychological distress and couple relationship quality.
Augmented Reality in Ophthalmology: Applications and Challenges
Authors: Li Tongkeng , Li Chenghao , Zhang Xiayin , Liang Wenting , Chen Yongxin , Ye Yunpeng , Lin Haotian
Published: December 2021

Augmented reality (AR) has been developed rapidly and implemented in many fields such as medicine, maintenance, and cultural heritage. Unlike other specialties, ophthalmology connects closely with AR since most AR systems are based on vision systems. Here we summarize the applications and challenges of AR in ophthalmology and provide insights for further research. Firstly, we illustrate the structure of the standard AR system and present essential hardware. Secondly, we systematically introduce applications of AR in ophthalmology, including therapy, education, and clinical assistance. To conclude, there is still a large room for development, which needs researchers to pay more effort. Applications in diagnosis and protection might be worth exploring. Although the obstacles of hardware restrict the development of AR in ophthalmology at present, the AR will realize its potential and play an important role in ophthalmology in the future with the rapidly developing technology and more in-depth research.
Long Non-coding RNAs Gabarapl2 and Chrnb2 Positively Regulate Inflammatory Signaling in a Mouse Model of Dry Eye
Authors: Yang Yuhan , Chen Minjie , Zhai Zimeng , Dai Yiqin , Gu Hao , Zhou Xujiao , Hong Jiaxu
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To elucidate the expression profile and the potential role of long non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) (lncRNAs) in a dry eye disease (DED) model.

Methods: A DED model was established in C57BL/6J mice with 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) twice a day for 14 days. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected by RNA-seq technology (Gene Expression Omnibus, GEO GSE186450) and the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were further verified by RT-qPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to predicate the related candidate genes and potential pathological pathways. Cells from a human corneal epithelial cell line (HCECs) were cultured under hyperosmolarity. The regulation of inflammatory factors by silencing potential targeted lncRNAs was verified in vitro in HCECs.

Results: In our study, a significant increase in corneal fluorescence staining and a reduction in tear production were observed in DED mice at all follow-ups compared with the controls, and the differences were increasing over time. In total, 2,649 upregulated and 704 downregulated lncRNAs were identified in DED mice. We selected six aberrantly expressed and most abundant lncRNAs and performed RT-qPCR using the samples for RNA-seq. Chrnb2, Gabarapl2, and Usp31 were thereby confirmed as the most significantly altered lncRNAs. Pathway analysis revealed that the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction signaling pathway was the most enriched, followed by the calcium signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. Following treatment of Gabarapl2 siRNA and Chrnb2 siRNA, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were significantly downregulated in the HCECs.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that Chrnb2 and Gabarapl2 may be involved in the inflammation response by regulating TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in DED. These candidate lncRNAs may be both potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DED.
Microbial Community Response to Polysaccharide Amendment in Anoxic Hydrothermal Sediments of the Guaymas Basin
Authors: Krukenberg Viola , Reichart Nicholas J. , Spietz Rachel L. , Hatzenpichler Roland
Published: December 2021

Organic-rich, hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas Basin are inhabited by diverse microbial communities including many uncultured lineages with unknown metabolic potential. Here we investigated the short-term effect of polysaccharide amendment on a sediment microbial community to identify taxa involved in the initial stage of macromolecule degradation. We incubated anoxic sediment with cellulose, chitin, laminarin, and starch and analyzed the total and active microbial communities using bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our results show a response of an initially minor but diverse population of Clostridia particularly after amendment with the lower molecular weight polymers starch and laminarin. Thus, Clostridia may readily become key contributors to the heterotrophic community in Guaymas Basin sediments when substrate availability and temperature range permit their metabolic activity and growth, which expands our appreciation of the potential diversity and niche differentiation of heterotrophs in hydrothermally influenced sediments. BONCAT-FACS, although challenging in its application to complex samples, detected metabolic responses prior to growth and thus can provide complementary insight into a microbial community’s metabolic potential and succession pattern. As a primary application of BONCAT-FACS on a diverse deep-sea sediment community, our study highlights important considerations and demonstrates inherent limitations associated with this experimental approach.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prime a Protective Immune Response in Galleria mellonella to Defend Against Candida albicans
Authors: Xu Mei-nian , Li Li , Pan Wen , Zheng Huan-xin , Wang Meng-lei , Peng Xiao-ming , Dai Si-qi , Tang Ying-mei , Zeng Kang , Huang Xiao-wen
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have exerted antimicrobial properties. However, there is insufficient evaluation regarding the in vivo antifungal activity of ZnO-NPs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of ZnO-NPs in controlling Candida albicans in the invertebrate Galleria mellonella.

Methods:Galleria mellonella larvae were injected with different doses of ZnO-NPs to determine their in vivo toxicity. Non-toxic doses of ZnO-NPs were chosen for prophylactic injection in G. mellonella followed by C. albicans infection. Then the direct in vitro antifungal effect of ZnO-NPs against C. albicans was evaluated. In addition, the mode of action of ZnO-NPs was assessed in larvae through different assays: quantification of hemocyte density, morphology observation of hemocytes, characterization of hemocyte aggregation and phagocytosis, and measurement of hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) activity.

Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were non-toxic to the larvae at relatively low concentrations (≤20 mg/kg). ZnO-NP pretreatment significantly prolonged the survival of C. albicans-infected larvae and decreased the fungal dissemination and burden in the C. albicans-infected larvae. This observation was more related to the activation of host defense rather than their fungicidal capacities. Specifically, ZnO-NP treatment increased hemocyte density, promoted hemocyte aggregation, enhanced hemocyte phagocytosis, and activated PO activity in larvae.

Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with lower concentrations of ZnO-NPs protects G. mellonella from C. albicans infection. The innate immune response primed by ZnO-NPs may be part of the reason for the protective effects. This study provides new evidence of the capacity of ZnO-NPs in enhancing host immunity and predicts that ZnO-NPs will be attractive for further anti-infection applications.
Cepharanthine Suppresses Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication Through the Downregulation of the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Liu Yao , Chen Li , Liu Wenjun , Li Dan , Zeng Jiuseng , Tang Qiong , Zhang Yuexin , Luan Fei , Zeng Nan
Published: December 2021

Cepharanthine (CEP) is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata. Although its underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood, this compound is reported as a promising antiviral drug. In the present study, we explore the anti-HSV-1 effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of CEP in vitro. Our results show that CEP could significantly inhibit the formation of plaque and the expression of viral proteins and exhibit a general suppression of replication-associated genes. Whereas HSV-1 infection increases the expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in host cells, CEP was effective indirectly inhibiting phosphorylation levels of the targets in PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, CEP markedly decreased G0/G1 phase and increased G2/M phase cells and decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase1 (CDK1) and cyclinB1 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, CEP increased apoptosis in infected cells, reduced B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein levels, and increased the protein levels of Bcl-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase3, and nuclear IκB kinaseα (IκBα). Collectively, CEP could arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis in infected cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, hence further reducing HSV-1 infection and subsequent reproduction.
Altered Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Xu Yuanhang , Shang Huajie , Lu Hui , Zhang Junying , Yao Li , Long Zhiying
Published: December 2021

Subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) can cause cognitive impairment and affect the static functional connectivity of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Numerous previous studies have demonstrated that functional connectivities (FCs) fluctuate dynamically over time. However, little is known about the impact of cognitive impairment on brain dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) in SIVD patients with MCI. In the present study, the DFC analysis method was applied to the resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 37 SIVD controls (SIVD-Control) without cognitive impairment, 34 SIVD patients with amnestic MCI (SIVD-aMCI) and 30 SIVD patients with nonamnestic MCI (SIVD-naMCI). The results indicated that the cognitive impairment of SIVD mainly reduced the mean dwell time of State 3 with overall strong positive connections. The reduction degree of SIVD-aMCI was larger than that of SIVD-naMCI. The memory/execution function impairment of SIVD also changed the relationship between the mean dwell time of State 3 and the behavioral performance of the memory/execution task from significant to non-significant correlation. Moreover, SIVD-aMCI showed significantly lower system segregation of FC states than SIVD-Control and SIVD-naMCI. The system segregation of State 5 with overall weak connections was significantly positive correlated with the memory performance. The results may suggest that the mean dwell time of State 3 and the system segregation of State 5 may be used as important neural measures of cognitive impairments of SIVD.
Altered Local Brain Amplitude of Fluctuations in Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Huang Pei , Luan Xing-Hua , Xie Zhou , Li Meng-Ting , Chen Sheng-Di , Liu Jun , Jia Xi-Ze , Cao Li , Zhou Hai-Yan
Published: December 2021

This study is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the spontaneous brain activity in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). A total of 18 patients with DM1 and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were examined by resting-state functional MRI. Combined methods include amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs), the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs), and Wavelet transform-based ALFFs (Wavelet-ALFFs) with standardization, percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) with/without standardization were applied to evaluate the spontaneous brain activity of patients with DM1. Compared with HCs, patients with DM1 showed decreased ALFFs and Wavelet-ALFFs in the bilateral precuneus (PCUN), angular gyrus (ANG), inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri (IPL), posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), superior frontal gyrus, medial (SFGmed), middle occipital gyrus (MOG), which were mainly distributed in the brain regions of default mode network (DMN). Decreased ALFFs and Wavelet-ALFFs were also seen in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (IFGoperc), which were the main components of the executive control network (ECN). Patients with DM1 also showed decreased fALFFs in SFGmed.R, the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (ACGR), bilateral MFG. Reduced PerAF in bilateral PCUN, ANG, PCG, MOG, and IPLL as well as decreased PerAF without standardization in PCUNR and bilateral PCG also existed in patients with DM1. In conclusion, patients with DM1 had decreased activity in DMN and ECN with increased fluctuations in the temporal cortex and cerebellum. Decreased brain activity in DMN was the most repeatable and reliable with PCUN and PCG being the most specific imaging biomarker of brain dysfunction in patients with DM1.
Cortical Cartography: Mapping Arealization Using Single-Cell Omics Technology
Authors: Nano Patricia R. , Nguyen Claudia V. , Mil Jessenya , Bhaduri Aparna
Published: December 2021

The cerebral cortex derives its cognitive power from a modular network of specialized areas processing a multitude of information. The assembly and organization of these regions is vital for human behavior and perception, as evidenced by the prevalence of area-specific phenotypes that manifest in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Generations of scientists have examined the architecture of the human cortex, but efforts to capture the gene networks which drive arealization have been hampered by the lack of tractable models of human neurodevelopment. Advancements in “omics” technologies, imaging, and computational power have enabled exciting breakthroughs into the molecular and structural characteristics of cortical areas, including transcriptomic, epigenomic, metabolomic, and proteomic profiles of mammalian models. Here we review the single-omics atlases that have shaped our current understanding of cortical areas, and their potential to fuel a new era of multi-omic single-cell endeavors to interrogate both the developing and adult human cortex.
Analysis of Cerebral Aneurysm Wall Tension and Enhancement Using Finite Element Analysis and High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging
Authors: Galloy Adam E. , Raghuram Ashrita , Nino Marco A. , Varon Miller Alberto , Sabotin Ryan , Osorno-Cruz Carlos , Samaniego Edgar A. , Raghavan Suresh M. L. , Hasan David
Published: December 2021

Biomechanical computational simulation of intracranial aneurysms has become a promising method for predicting features of instability leading to aneurysm growth and rupture. Hemodynamic analysis of aneurysm behavior has helped investigate the complex relationship between features of aneurysm shape, morphology, flow patterns, and the proliferation or degradation of the aneurysm wall. Finite element analysis paired with high-resolution vessel wall imaging can provide more insight into how exactly aneurysm morphology relates to wall behavior, and whether wall enhancement can describe this phenomenon. In a retrospective analysis of 23 unruptured aneurysms, finite element analysis was conducted using an isotropic, homogenous third order polynomial material model. Aneurysm wall enhancement was quantified on 2D multiplanar views, with 14 aneurysms classified as enhancing (CRstalk≥0.6) and nine classified as non-enhancing. Enhancing aneurysms had a significantly higher 95th percentile wall tension (μ = 0.77 N/cm) compared to non-enhancing aneurysms (μ = 0.42 N/cm, p < 0.001). Wall enhancement remained a significant predictor of wall tension while accounting for the effects of aneurysm size (p = 0.046). In a qualitative comparison, low wall tension areas concentrated around aneurysm blebs. Aneurysms with irregular morphologies may show increased areas of low wall tension. The biological implications of finite element analysis in intracranial aneurysms are still unclear but may provide further insights into the complex process of bleb formation and aneurysm rupture.
Case Report: HSV-2 Encephalitis Presenting With Chorea; Effects of Infection Alone or Combination of Infection and Autoimmunity?
Authors: Kolesnik Michael , Ballout Ahmad A. , Hameed Natasha , Najjar Souhel
Published: December 2021

Background: Chorea as a symptom of late-onset post-infectious autoimmune encephalitis has been reported with HSV-1 but not HSV-2 encephalitis. Extrapyramidal symptoms are typically associated with the presence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies but may also exist in antibody-negative individuals.

Case: This case highlights a patient who presented with mental status changes and chorea as the initial manifestation of HSV-2 encephalitis. The choreiform movements failed to respond to antiviral medications but were rapidly responsive to plasmapheresis, which, together with abnormal intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, suggests a potential contribution of parainfectious immune-mediated process. The patient made a full recovery and a complete resolution of the chorea.

Discussion: This is the first case associating HSV-2 encephalitis presentation with chorea. The neurological complications, including chorea, are largely related to active CNS HSV-2 infection, possibly together with triggered CNS autoimmunity despite undetectable CSF neuronal autoantibodies and normal neuroimaging. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral agent and immune therapies might be pivotal to optimize the clinical outcome.
Erenumab for Migraine Prevention in a 1-Year Compassionate Use Program: Efficacy, Tolerability, and Differences Between Clinical Phenotypes
Authors: Schoenen Jean , Timmermans Gregory , Nonis Romain , Manise Maïté , Fumal Arnaud , Gérard Pascale
Published: December 2021

During a 1-year compassionate use program, 156 patients with migraine self-administered a monthly dose of erenumab 140 mg with a subcutaneous autoinjector. Main inclusion criteria were: ≥ 4 migraine days/month and ≥two prior prophylactic treatment failures. The patients covered the migraine severity spectrum from episodic migraine (EM) (n= 80) to chronic migraine (CM) (n= 76). During the 3rd month of treatment, monthly headache days decreased by 45.7% in EM and 35.5% in CM. The 50% responder rate for reduction in monthly headache days was significantly higher in EM (55%) than in CM (43%) (p= 0.05). In both the migraine subgroups, the clinical improvement vs. baseline was already significant during the 1st month of treatment (p< 0.001). There were also significant reductions in mean headache severity, duration, and monthly days with acute drug intake. The 30% responder rate at 3 months was 60% in CM and 54.1% of patients reversed from CM to EM. The therapeutic effect was maintained at 12 months when 50% responder rates, considering discontinuation for lack of efficacy or adverse effects as 0% response, still were 51% in EM and 41% in CM. A total of 10 patients with EM (12.5%) and 23 patients with CM (30.3%) had discontinued treatment, considering the treatment as ineffective. At 3 months, 48% of patients reported non-serious adverse events among which the most frequent was constipation (20.5%); corresponding figures at 12 months were 30 and 15%. Discontinuation due to an adverse effect for the entire 12 month period was rare (3.8%). The lower efficacy in CM than in EM was mainly due to a very low 50% responder rate in patients with CM with continuous pain (13%) as compared to CM with pain-free periods (58%) (p< 0.001). Similarly, the 50% responder rate was lower in patients with ≥two prior prophylactic treatment failures (40.5%) compared to those with two failures (70%) (p< 0.05). There was no significant efficacy difference between low (4–7 migraine days/month,n= 22) and high frequency (8–14 days,n= 59) EM nor between patients with CM with (n= 50) or without (n= 26) acute medication overuse. Erenumab had no effect on the frequency of auras. Taken together, erenumab 140 mg monthly was highly effective for migraine prophylaxis over the whole severity spectrum of the disease, except in patients with continuous headaches. Its effect is significant after the first injection, quasi-maximal after the second injection, and does not wear off after 12 months. The most frequent adverse effect was constipation. These results are compared to those published for erenumab in the pivotal randomized placebo-controlled trials and to those reported in several recent real-world studies.
Is Dietary Iodine Intake Excessive According to the Theoretical Model of Healthy Dietary Intake Pattern in Pregnant Women and Schoolchildren: Water, Salt, or Food?
Authors: Candido Aline Carare , Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida Vieira , Macedo Mariana de Souza , Fontes Edimar Aparecida Filomeno , Souza Eliana Carla Gomes De , Lopes Duarte Maria Sonia , Priore Silvia Eloiza , Peluzio Maria do Carmo Gouveia , Milagres Regina Célia Rodrigues de Miranda , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can cause hypothyroidism and goiter; in schoolchildren, it can cause reduced intelligence quotient. In excess, iodine can cause thyroiditis, goiter, and Hashimoto's hypothyroidism. Currently, schoolchildren and pregnant women are classified as risk groups for excessive iodine intake and iodine deficiency, respectively. Thus, determining iodine from all sources of consumption is important for intervention planning.

Objective: To construct a theoretical model for the iodine intake of schoolchildren and pregnant women of a city in the Zona da Mata Mineira region, considering a healthy diet, salt consumption and water intake.

Methodology: The dietary iodine intake of pregnant women was analyzed based on a dietary iodine table compiled from an international database. A dietary plan was prepared following the Brazilian Food Guide. Iodine concentration of different salt brands sold in local establishments was checked, and drinking water samples from healthcare facilities were analyzed. A descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis was performed and the results were presented in absolute and relative frequencies, and measures of central tendency and dispersion.

Results: According to the proposed diet, pregnant women and schoolchildren would have a daily intake of 71.6 μg and 71 μg, respectively. Thirteen salt brands were evaluated, 69.2% complied with the legislation and the mean iodine content was 29.88 mg. The mean concentration of iodine in water was 25 μg iodine/liter and 14 μg iodine/liter, respectively, in summer and autumn. Considering the intake of food, salt, and drinking water according to the proposed dietary plan, the daily intake for pregnant women would be 279.5 and 253.5 μg for schoolchildren.

Conclusion: The daily iodine intake of schoolchildren and pregnant women according to this theoretical model was excessive, considering a healthy dietary pattern. This theoretical model can guide actions and public policies aimed at targeting all forms of iodine intake.