bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic profile in women differs between high versus low energy spenders during a low intensity exercise on a cycle-desk
Authors: Guirado Terry , Bourdier Pierre , Pereira Bruno , Le Roux Elisa , Bergouignan Audrey , Birat Anthony , Isacco Laurie , Thivel David , Duclos Martine , Metz Lore
Published: June 2022

Active-desks are emerging strategies aiming at reducing sedentary time while working. A large inter-individual variability in energy expenditure (EE) profile has been identified and has to be explored to better optimize and individualize those strategies. Thus the present study aimed at comparing the metabolic and physical profile of individuals characterized as high spenders (H-Spenders) versus low spenders (L-Spenders) based on EE during a cycle-desk low intensity exercise. 28 healthy women working in administrative positions were enrolled. Anthropometric, body composition and fasting metabolic profile parameters were assessed. EE was determined by indirect calorimetry, at rest and during a 30-min cycle-desk use. Participants were categorized as H-Spenders and L-Spenders using the median of the difference between EE at rest and during the 30-min exercise. H-Spenders had higher mean EE (p < 0.001) and carbohydrate oxidation (p = 0.009) during exercise. H-Spenders displayed higher values for fasting plasma insulin (p = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.002) and lower values for HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.014) than L-Spenders. The percentage of body fat mass was significantly higher in H-Spenders (p = 0.034). Individuals expending more energy during a low intensity cycling exercise presented a less healthy metabolic profile compared with L-Spenders. Future studies will have to explore whether the chronic use of cycle-desks during work time can improve energy profile regarding metabolic parameters.
The histone H2B Arg95 residue links the pheromone response pathway to rapamycin-induced G1 arrest in yeast
Authors: Alhaj Sulaiman Abdallah , Ali Reem , Aouida Mustapha , Moovarkumudalvan Balasubramanian , Ramotar Dindial
Published: June 2022

Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant used for treating many types of diseases such as kidney carcinomas. In yeast, rapamycin inhibits the TORC1 kinase signaling pathway causing rapid alteration in gene expression and ultimately cell cycle arrest in G1 through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Herein, we screened a histone mutant collection and report that one of the mutants, H2B R95A, is strikingly resistant to rapamycin due to a defective cell cycle arrest. We show that the H2B R95A causes defects in the expression of a subset of genes of the pheromone pathway required for α factor-induced G1 arrest. The expression of the STE5 gene and its encoded scaffold protein Ste5, required for the sequential activation of the MAPKs of the pheromone pathway, is greatly reduced in the H2B R95A mutant. Similar to the H2B R95A mutant, cells devoid of Ste5 are also resistant to rapamycin. Rapamycin-induced G1 arrest does not involve detectable phosphorylation of the MAPKs, Kss1, and Fus3, as reported for α factor-induced G1 arrest. However, we observed a sharp induction of the G1 cyclin Cln2 (~ 3- to 4-fold) in the ste5Δ mutant within 30 min of exposure to rapamycin. Our data provide a new insight whereby rapamycin signaling via the Torc1 kinase may exploit the pheromone pathway to arrest cells in the G1 phase.
A multi-analytical characterization of fourteenth to eighteenth century pottery from the Kongo kingdom, Central Africa
Authors: Tsoupra Anna , Clist Bernard , da Conceição Lopes Maria , Moita Patricia , Barrulas Pedro , da Piedade de Jesus Maria , da Silva Domingos Sónia , Bostoen Koen , Mirao José
Published: June 2022

Pottery traditions reflect the socioeconomic framework of past cultures, while the spatial distribution of pottery indicates exchange patterns and interaction processes. Material and earth sciences are employed here to determine raw material sourcing, selection and processing. The Kongo kingdom, internationally renowned since the late fifteenth century, is one of the most famous precolonial states in Central Africa. Despite the large number of historical studies relying on African and European oral and written chronicles, there are still considerable gaps in our current understanding of this political unit. Here, we provide new insights into pottery production and circulation within the Kongo kingdom. Implementing a multi-analytical approach, namely XRD, TGA, petrographic analysis, XRF, VP-SEM-EDS and ICP-MS, on selected samples, we determined their petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical signatures. Our results allowed us to correlate the archaeological objects to naturally occurring materials and to establish ceramic traditions. We identified production templates, exchange patterns, distribution of high-quality goods and interaction processes through technological knowledge transmission. Our results demonstrate that political centralisation in the Lower Congo region of Central Africa had a direct impact on pottery production and circulation. We expect our study to provide a sound basis for further comparative research to contextualise the region.
Behavioural and neural responses of crabs show evidence for selective attention in predator avoidance
Authors: Bagheri Zahra M. , Donohue Callum G. , Partridge Julian C. , Hemmi Jan M.
Published: June 2022

Selective attention, the ability to focus on a specific stimulus and suppress distractions, plays a fundamental role for animals in many contexts, such as mating, feeding, and predation. Within natural environments, animals are often confronted with multiple stimuli of potential importance. Such a situation significantly complicates the decision-making process and imposes conflicting information on neural systems. In the context of predation, selectively attending to one of multiple threats is one possible solution. However, how animals make such escape decisions is rarely studied. A previous field study on the fiddler crab,Gelasimus dampieri, provided evidence of selective attention in the context of escape decisions. To identify the underlying mechanisms that guide their escape decisions, we measured the crabs’ behavioural and neural responses to either a single, or two simultaneously approaching looming stimuli. The two stimuli were either identical or differed in contrast to represent different levels of threat certainty. Although our behavioural data provides some evidence that crabs perceive signals from both stimuli, we show that both the crabs and their looming-sensitive neurons almost exclusively respond to only one of two simultaneous threats. The crabs’ body orientation played an important role in their decision about which stimulus to run away from. When faced with two stimuli of differing contrasts, both neurons and crabs were much more likely to respond to the stimulus with the higher contrast. Our data provides evidence that the crabs’ looming-sensitive neurons play an important part in the mechanism that drives their selective attention in the context of predation. Our results support previous suggestions that the crabs’ escape direction is calculated downstream of their looming-sensitive neurons by means of a population vector of the looming sensitive neuronal ensemble.
Resistivity of solid and liquid Fe–Ni–Si with applications to the cores of Earth, Mercury and Venus
Authors: Berrada Meryem , Secco Richard A. , Yong Wenjun
Published: June 2022

Electrical resistivity measurements of Fe–10wt%Ni–10wt%Si have been performed in a multi-anvil press from 3 to 20 GPa up to 2200 K. The temperature and pressure dependences of electrical resistivity are analyzed in term of changes in the electron mean free path. Similarities in the thermal properties of Fe–Si and Fe–Ni–Si alloys suggest the effect of Ni is negligible. Electrical resistivity is used to calculate thermal conductivity via the Wiedemann–Franz law, which is then used to estimate the adiabatic heat flow. The adiabatic heat flow at the top of Earth’s core is estimated to be 14 TW from the pressure and temperature dependences of thermal conductivity in the liquid state from this study, suggesting thermal convection may still be an active source to power the dynamo depending on the estimated value taken for the heat flow through the core mantle boundary. The calculated adiabatic heat flux density of 22.7–32.1 mW/m2 at the top of Mercury’s core suggests a chemically driven magnetic field from 0.02 to 0.21 Gyr after formation. A thermal conductivity of 140–148 Wm−1 K−1 is estimated at the center of a Fe–10wt%Ni–10wt%Si Venusian core, suggesting the presence of a solid inner core and an outer core that is at least partially liquid.
Evaluation of a biocoagulant from devilfish invasive species for the removal of contaminants in ceramic industry wastewater
Authors: Aguilera Flores Miguel Mauricio , Medellín Castillo Nahum Andrés , Ávila Vázquez Verónica , González García Raúl , Cardona Benavides Antonio , Carranza Álvarez Candy
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a biocoagulant produced from the devilfish invasive species and its combination with two chemical coagulants (aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate) to remove turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids in ceramic industry wastewater using a combined experimental design of Mixture-Process. This design optimized the coagulation process and evaluated the effects and interactions between mixture components and coagulant doses. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the experimental data obtained in the study, and the response surface plots by response type (turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids) were obtained. Results showed that the coagulation treatment could be technically and economically feasible since efficiencies of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids removal of 74, 79, and 94% could be achieved using an optimal coagulant dose of 800 mg/L with a mixture of 35% biocoagulant and 65% ferric sulfate. Analysis of variance results showed that the models are significant, and the lack of fit is not required according to the probability value (pvalue), which were < 0.0001, and > 0.05, respectively. Hence, the experimental data were fitted to a combined reduced special cubic x linear model. These results support the use of devilfish meal as a biocoagulant, being more feasible in dual systems when mixed with ferric sulfate.
The relationship between traction spurs, Modic change, vacuum phenomenon, and segmental instability of the lumbar spine
Authors: Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Kobayashi Takaomi , Muranaka Kazuki , Yoshihara Tomohito , Maeda Kazumasa , Sonohata Motoki , Kasai Yuichi , Otani Koji , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: June 2022

A thorough understanding of lumbar segmental motion is valuable to treat patients with degenerative lumbar disease, but kinematics associated with indicators of lumbar intervertebral instability [traction spur, Modic changes (MCs) and vacuum phenomenon (VP)] in the lumbar spine have not been well understood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationships between traction spur, MCs and VP to radiographic measurements in the lumbar spine. A total of 525 lumbar discs from L1-2 to L5-S1 of 105 patients were evaluated. The sagittal translation (ST) and sagittal angulation were measured from the radiographs taken flexion–extension. The anterior disc height (ADH) was measured from the lateral radiographs, and ΔADH was measured as the difference from supine to sitting position. Logistic regression analyses were used to detect the association between the existence of traction spur, MCs and VP and related factors. Multivariate analysis showed that the traction spur was significantly related to translational motion (ST > 2 mm, OR 4.74) and the VP was significantly related to vertical motion (ΔADH > 3 mm, OR 1.94). These results suggest that the segments with traction spur and VP should be evaluated carefully because these may be a sign of lumbar intervertebral instability.
A simulation of geographic distribution for the emergence of consequential SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Ishii Tadashi
Published: June 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been facilitated by the intermittent emergence of consequential variant strains. This study evaluated the geographic disproportionality in the detection of consequential variant lineages across countries. As of November 2021, a total of 40 potentially consequential SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages have been identified. One-hundred repeated simulations that randomly produced consequential variants from overall COVID-19 cases worldwide were performed to evaluate the presence of geographical disproportion in the occurrence of consequential variant outbreaks. Both the total number of reported COVID-19 cases and the number of reported genome sequences in each country showed weak positive correlations with the number of detected consequential lineages in each country. The simulations suggest the presence of geographical disproportion in the occurrence of consequential variant outbreaks. Based on the random occurrence of consequential variants among COVID-19 cases, identified consequential variants occurred more often than expected in the United Kingdom and Africa, whereas they occurred less in other European countries and the Middle East. Simulations of the occurrence of consequential variants by assuming a random occurrence among all COVID-19 cases suggested the presence of biogeographic disproportion. Further studies enrolling unevaluated crucial biogeographical factors are needed to determine the factors underlying the suggested disproportionality.
Cassava root crown phenotyping using three-dimension (3D) multi-view stereo reconstruction
Authors: Sunvittayakul Pongsakorn , Kittipadakul Piya , Wonnapinij Passorn , Chanchay Pornchanan , Wannitikul Pitchaporn , Sathitnaitham Sukhita , Phanthanong Phongnapha , Changwitchukarn Kanokphu , Suttangkakul Anongpat , Ceballos Hernan , Vuttipongchaikij Supachai
Published: June 2022

Phenotypic analysis of cassava root crowns (CRCs) so far has been limited to visual inspection and very few measurements due to its laborious process in the field. Here, we developed a platform for acquiring 3D CRC models using close-range photogrammetry for phenotypic analysis. The state of the art is a low cost and easy to set up 3D acquisition requiring only a background sheet, a reference object and a camera, compatible with field experiments in remote areas. We tested different software with CRC samples, and Agisoft and Blender were the most suitable software for generating high-quality 3D models and data analysis, respectively. We optimized the workflow by testing different numbers of images for 3D reconstruction and found that a minimum of 25 images per CRC can provide high quality 3D models. Up to ten traits, including 3D crown volumes, 3D crown surface, root density, surface-to-volume ratio, root numbers, root angle, crown diameter, cylinder soil volume, CRC compactness and root length can be extracted providing novel parameters for studying cassava storage roots. We applied this platform to partial-inbred cassava populations and demonstrated that our platform provides reliable 3D CRC modelling for phenotypic analysis, analysis of genetic variances and supporting breeding selection.
Synergistic size and charge conversions of functionalized PAMAM dendrimers under the acidic tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Liao , Hu Shumin , Zhang Leitao , Wu Wenlan , Cheng Qiuli , Li Junbo , Narain Ravin
Published: June 2022

We describe a novel nano-therapeutic system, G4-PAMAM dendrimers modified with AB, capable of the simultaneous dual conversions of size and charge while targeting the acidic tumor microenvironment.
Correction: Modeling the heating and cooling of a chromophore after photoexcitation
Authors: Ventura Elizete , do Monte Silmar Andrade , do Casal Mariana T. , Pinheiro Max , Toldo Josene Maria , Barbatti Mario
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Modeling the heating and cooling of a chromophore after photoexcitation’ by Elizete Ventura et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 9403–9410, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP00686C.
TiO2-modified CeVO4 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Li Yingjie , Lian Zhihua , Lin Jinhan , Wang Meng , Shan Wenpo
Published: June 2022

A facile and efficient strategy was applied for doping Ti into CeVO4 to improve its NH3-SCR performance, and the obtained Ce–V–Ti catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity and high resistance to SO2 and H2O poisoning.
5d → 4f transition of a lanthanide-activated MGa2S4 (M = Ca, Sr) semiconductor for mechanical-to-light energy conversion mediated by structural distortion
Authors: Zhang Xianhui , Yang Dong , Wu Shaofan , Xu Xieming , Ma Ronghua , Peng Dengfeng , Wang Zhilin , Wang Shuaihua
Published: June 2022

A new piezophotonic chalcogenide ML host family MGa2S4 (M = Ca, Sr) has been developed, which shows high efficiency mechanical-to-light conversion activated by lanthanide ions originating from structural distortion.
Triphenylamine-containing imine-linked porous organic network for luminescent detection and adsorption of Cr(vi) in water
Authors: Wang Man , Li Han-Shu , Ding Xin , Jiang Lizan , Wu Pengyan , Zheng Ruiting , Bao Guoyue , Liu Guoliang , Wang Jian
Published: June 2022

An imine-linked porous organic network can be used as a turn-off luminescent sensor for the detection and adsorption of Cr(vi) (CrO42− and Cr2O72−) in water.
Co, Mn co-doped Fe9S11@Ni9S8 supported on nickel foam as a high efficiency electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Zhang Lixin , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: June 2022

The Earth's fossil resources will be exhausted soon, so it is urgent to find clean and efficient new energy for replacing fossil resources.
Amine-functionalized porous organic polymers for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Sekizkardes Ali K. , Wang Ping , Hoffman James , Budhathoki Samir , Hopkinson David
Published: June 2022

Amine functionalization methods in porous organic polymers for CO2capture applications. The figure was created by Michael J. Gipple.
Origin of luminescence properties and synthetic methods for gold- and bimetallic gold-based nanomaterials
Authors: Bharti Kanika , Sahu Jitendra K. , Sadhu Kalyan K.
Published: June 2022

This review covers the mechanistic origin of luminescent mono- and bimetallic gold-based nanomaterials and their syntheses by the chemical reduction of metal precursors in the presence of surface capping agents.
Theoretical modeling of ice lithography on amorphous solid water
Authors: Liu Tao , Tong Xujie , Tian Shuoqiu , Xie Yuying , Zhu Mingsai , Feng Bo , Pan Xiaohang , Zheng Rui , Wu Shan , Zhao Ding , Chen Yifang , Lu Bingrui , Qiu Min
Published: June 2022

This paper reports on the theoretical modeling of ice lithography (IL) on amorphous solid water for the first time and fills the theoretical study gap on ice lithography as a whole, which will hopefully provide advanced IL-nanofabrication with important guidance.
Regio- and stereoselective base-catalyzed assembly of 6-methylene-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptanones from alkynyl cyclopropyl ketones
Authors: Samultceva Sofia O. , Dvorko Marina Yu. , Shabalin Dmitrii A. , Ushakov Igor’ A. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: June 2022

A novel synthetic approach to almost unknown highly functionalized oxa-spirocyclopropanes from alkynyl cyclopropyl ketones is described.
Vinyl azide as a synthon for DNA-compatible divergent transformations into N-heterocycles
Authors: Sun Jie , Nie Qigui , Fang Xianfu , He Zhiwei , Zhang Gong , Li Yangfeng , Li Yizhou
Published: June 2022

We have developed a series of DNA-compatible N-heterocycle formation methods utilizing on-DNA vinyl azide as a synthon to obtain two kinds of poly-substituted imidazoles and isoquinolines.
Reductive removal of selenate (VI) in aqueous solution using rhodium metal particles supported on TiO2
Authors: Oshima Kazumasa , Ito Kyogo , Konishi Eriko , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Fukai Jun , Kajiwara Toshihisa , Kishida Masahiro
Published: June 2022

Rh metal particles supported on TiO2 could reduce Se(vi) to Se(0) in aqueous solution. Although a hydrazine reductant caused deactivation due to covering, a formaldehyde reductant led to a stable reaction due to deposition in isolation.
Boron-induced oxygen vacancies for methanol oxidation reaction: selectivity towards formate via non-noble metals
Authors: Naveen Kumar T. R. , Swamynadhan M. , Ghosh Saurabh , Neppolian B.
Published: June 2022

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) with value-added product.
A rechargeable Li–CO2 battery based on the preservation of dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Lu Zhenhua , Xiao Min , Wang Shuanjin , Han Dongmei , Huang Zhiheng , Huang Sheng , Meng Yuezhong
Published: June 2022

The electrolyte of high concentration LiTFSI dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nickel foam are applied to help preserve electrolyte and achieve a record-breaking cycle stability for Li–CO2 batteries.
Mesogenic polymer composites for temperature-programmable thermoelectric ionogels
Authors: Park Sienoh , Kim Byeonggwan , Cho Cheolhyun , Kim Eunkyoung
Published: June 2022

Liquid crystalline ionogels are explored as an ionic thermoelectric composites that demonstrates a reversible thermal programmability and a thermal sensor for operating optoelectronics from low-grade heat sources.
Superwetting surfaces for filtration separation of high-viscosity raw petroleum/water mixtures
Authors: Jiang Xian , Yang Fuchao , Guo Zhiguang
Published: June 2022

We provide an overview of the filtration separation of crude oil/water mixtures, and future opportunities and challenges are presented.
1,7/8-Substituted isoquinoline derivatives: position isomerism caused by HIO3-induced dehydrogenation and solid-state fluorescence stimulus-responsive properties
Authors: Han Xiangdong , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Nannan , Gao Wenxia , Lei Yunxiang , Zhou Yunbing , Liu Miaochang , Wu Huayue , Huang Xiaobo
Published: June 2022

1,7/8-Substituted isoquinolines with solid-state fluorescence stimulus-responsive properties are obtained from HIO3-induced dehydrogenation of 7,8-dihydroisoquinolines.
Toward flexible memory application: high-performance phase-change magnetic material Fe:GeTe films realized via quasi-van der Waals epitaxy
Authors: Liu Jindong
Published: June 2022

The flexible Fe:GeTe films realized via Q-vdWE exhibit excellent pliability, robust mechanical durability, stable ferromagnetism, superior cycling endurance, and good signal repetition, indicating great potentials for flexible electronics.
Real time read-frequency optimization for railway monitoring system
Authors: Jemmali Mahdi , Melhim Loai Kayed B. , Al Fayez Fayez
Published: June 2022

Trains have a key role in transporting people and goods with the option of moving from source to destinations by passing through several stations, with time-based features like date scheduling and known arrival times, which makes time a critical factor. The main challenge here, is to ensure that the train trip or train schedules are not affected or delayed in any way during the whole train trip; by giving the control unit in the railway system, the required time to process requests regarding all collected data. This an NP-hard problem with an optimal solution of handling all collected data and all service requests by the control unit of the railway system. Operational research will be used to solve this problem by developing many heuristics to deal with tasks of real-time systems, to produce a significant time optimization in the railway systems. To solve this problem, the proposed approach employs optimization by adapting 22 heuristics based on two categories of algorithms, the separated blocks category algorithm and the blocks interference category algorithm. The proposed approach receives data from many different sources at the same time, then collects the received data and save it to a data base in the railway system control unit. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the developed heuristics, more over the proposed approach minimized the maximum completion time that was elapsed in handling the received requests.
Zufallsbefund NEN Appendix
Authors: Thomas Michael , Wahba Roger , Chiapponi Costanza , Stippel Dirk L. , Bruns Christiane
Published: June 2022

Neuroendokrine Neoplasien (NEN) der Appendix stellen mit 80% die häufigste Neoplasie dieser Lokalisation dar. In den meisten Fällen werden diese Tumoren als Zufallsbefund nach stattgehabter
Appendektomie bei V. a. Appendizitis diagnostiziert. Hierbei handelt es sich meist um hoch differenzierte neuroendokrine Tumoren. Aufgrund ihrer häufigen Lage im Bereich der Appendixspitze
sind die NEN der Appendix meist nicht ursächlich für die Appendizitis-typischen Beschwerden.

Die meisten Patienten (80–90%) sind durch die bereits durchgeführte Appendektomie ausreichend onkologisch therapiert. Sollten sich jedoch Risikofaktoren wie eine Tumorgröße > 2 cm,
basisnahe Lage, Angioinvasion, Perforation oder Infiltration von Nachbarorganen, Proliferationsindex von > 2% oder eine Infiltration des Mesoappendix von mehr als 3 mm im endgültigen
histopathologischen Befund ergeben, so wird eine Nachresektion als onkologische Hemikolektomie rechts empfohlen.

Aufgrund des meist frühen Tumorstadiums bei Diagnosestellung ohne nachgewiesene Lymphknotenmetastasierung weisen Patienten mit einer NEN der Appendix exzellente 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten
über alle Tumorstadien hinweg von 70–85% auf.
Advantages of Revision Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery in Patients who have Previously Undergone Posterior Spine Surgery
Authors: Yagi Kiyoshi , Kishima Kazuya , Tezuka Fumitake , Morimoto Masatoshi , Yamashita Kazuta , Takata Yoichiro , Sakai Toshinori , Maeda Toru , Sairyo Koichi
Published: June 2022

Background Revision lumbar spine surgery via a posterior approach is more challenging than primary surgery because of epidural or perineural scar tissue. It demands more extensive removal of the posterior structures to confirm intact bony landmarks and could cause iatrogenic instability; therefore, fusion surgery is often added. However, adjacent segment disease after fusion surgery could be a problem, and further exposure of the posterior muscles could result in multiple operated back syndrome. To address these problems, we now perform transforaminal full-endoscopic spine surgery (TF-FES) as revision surgery in patients who have previously undergone posterior lumbar surgery. There have been several reports on the advantages of TF-FES, which include feasibility of local anesthesia, minimal invasiveness to posterior structures, and less scar tissue with fewer adhesions. In this study, we aim to assess the clinical outcomes of revision TF-FES and its advantages.

Methods We evaluated 48 consecutive patients with a history of posterior lumbar spine surgery who underwent revision TF-FES (at 60 levels) under local anesthesia. Intraoperative blood loss, operating time, and complication rate were evaluated. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using the modified Macnab criteria and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for leg pain, back pain, and leg numbness. We also compared the outcome of revision FES with that of primary FES.

Results Mean operating time was 70.5 ± 14.4 (52–106) minutes. Blood loss was unmeasurable. The clinical outcomes were rated as excellent at 16 levels (26.7%), good at 28 (46.7%), fair at 10 (16.7%), and poor at 6 (10.0%). The mean preoperative VAS score was 6.0 ± 2.6 for back pain, 6.8 ± 2.4 for leg pain, and 6.3 ± 2.8 for leg numbness. At the final follow-up, the mean postoperative VAS scores for leg pain, back pain, and leg numbness were 4.3 ± 2.5, 3.8 ± 2.6, and 4.6 ± 3.2, respectively. VAS scores for all three parameters were significantly improved (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in operating time, intraoperative blood loss, or the complication rate between revision FES and primary FES.

Conclusions Clinical outcomes of revision TF-FES in patients with a history of posterior lumbar spine surgery were acceptable (excellent and good in 73.4% of cases). TF-FES can preserve the posterior structures and avoid scar tissue and adhesions. Therefore, TF-FES could be an effective procedure for patients who have previously undergone posterior lumbar spine surgery.
Encryption, decryption, and control with fractional quantum bits, quantum chiral states and pyramidal quantum bits switching in graphene
Authors: Raza Syed Masood , Raza Syed Ali , Raza Syed Mohsin
Published: June 2022

A novel method for encryption, decryption, and control of data using the theory of “rings and fields” is proposed. A system comprising a ring or loop with a maximum of six vector tuples or sub-loops, which are changed into knots on a ring, is suggested, whereby these vector tuples at 0.4 ≤ nf ≤ 0.9 hold Dirac bosons. The Dirac bosons are precessed at characteristic frequencies and are integrated with a braid; the remaining fractional quantum bits (f-qubits) are occupied with Dirac fermions with the same braid, i.e., 0.1 ≤ nf ≤ 0.3. The fractional Fourier transform is used for modeling and simulating the eigenfunctions for stretching, twisting, and twigging. The fractional charges are quantized and invariant at knots, where subquanta—Dirac bosons—are held on the honeycomb lattice of graphene. The degeneracy of f-qubits is permanently established. The characteristic magnetic excitations due to different precessing frequencies of Dirac bosons are exploited for encryption and decryption. The spinning and precessing Dirac fermions are used for pyramidal switching. Addresses for f-qubits are evaluated by normalizing the Hamiltonian operator, which becomes Hermitian. The topological transitions for a quantized non-interacting electron as above are exploited. A method for encryption, decryption, and control of quantum information with seventy-two (72) “quantum chiral states” is suggested with graphene. The chiral matrix of nfxg2/ℏc, where 0.1 ≤ nf ≤ 0.9 and 0.02 ≤ g2/ℏc ≤ 0.08, is the most suitable option for f-qubits as compared to qubits especially when conformal mapping for quantum computation is accomplished.
The effects of defects on the defect formation energy, electronic band structure, and electron mobility in 4H–SiC
Authors: Jiang Shangting , Li Ye , Chen Zhiyong , Zhu Weihua , Wu Qinmao , He Hongyu , Wang Xinlin
Published: June 2022

With the first-principle method, we studied the effects of the type and position of defects on the defect formation energy, electronic band structure, and electron mobility of the 4-layer hexagonal system silicon carbon (4H–SiC). The vacancy defect formation energy is smaller than the interstitial defect formation energy. The C vacancy defect formation energy is the smallest, while the Si interstitial defect formation energy is the largest. The defect formation energy is little affected by the defect position. The electronic band structure shows semi-metallic property due to the vacancy defect and the interstitial defect, and it shows a smaller bandgap due to the antisite defect. The electronic band structure changes little while the defect position changes. The electron mobility is reduced in varying degrees according to different defect types. The electron mobility changes little while the defect position changes.
Improving cultural competence of healthcare workers in First Nations communities: a narrative review of implemented educational interventions in 2015–20
Authors: Rissel Chris , Liddle Lynette , Ryder Courtney , Wilson Annabelle , Richards Barbara , Bower Madeleine
Published: June 2022

Background Cultural competency is often promoted as a strategy to address health inequities; however, there is little evidence linking cultural competency with improved patient outcomes. This article describes the characteristics of recent educational interventions designed to improve cultural competency in healthcare workers for First Nations peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA. Methods In total, 13 electronic databases and 14 websites for the period from January 2015 to May 2021 were searched. Information on the characteristics and methodological quality of included studies was extracted using standardised assessment tools. Results Thirteen published evaluations were identified; 10 for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The main positive outcomes reported were improvements in health professionals’ attitudes and knowledge, and improved confidence in working with First Nations patients. The methodological quality of evaluations and the reporting of methodological criteria were moderate. Conclusions Cultural competency education programs can improve knowledge, attitudes and confidence of healthcare workers to improve the health of First Nations peoples. Providing culturally safe health care should be routine practice, particularly in places where there are concentrations of First Nations peoples, yet there is relatively little research in this area. There remains limited evidence of the effectiveness of cultural education programs alone on community or patient outcomes.
La traduction entre extractivisme et « écologie machinique »
Authors: Talbot Aurélien
Published: June 2022

Le tournant écologique de la traductologie apporte un nouvel éclairage sur le rapport entre la traduction et les technologies. La notion d’extractivisme, issue du domaine environnemental, permet ainsi d’affiner un regard critique sur l’extraction massive de données de traduction qui constitue l’un des leviers de l’industrialisation du secteur et fait peser des risques sur son avenir (Cronin 2017). Après être revenu sur les conséquences de l’extractivisme en traduction, nous examinons deux autres notions issues du domaine environnemental (biens communs et recyclage) dont des traductologues (Cronin 2017;Moorkens et Lewis 2019;Larsonneur 2021) se sont inspirés pour proposer un rééquilibrage de l’écosystème bouleversé du secteur. Enfin, les hypothèses d’une « traduction augmentée » (Mihalache 2021) et d’une « écologie machinique » (Guattari 1989etCronin 2021) sont envisagées en tant qu’elles suggèrent une redéfinition du rapport entre la traduction et la machine, intégrant l’expertise numérique dans une conception étendue du savoir-faire.
A survey of translation and interpreting studies doctoral students’ experiences
Authors: Lee Jieun , Song Yonsuk
Published: June 2022

Despite a remarkable growth of translation and interpreting studies (TS), little attention has been paid to
doctoral students and their experiences of doctoral studies. This paper investigates TS doctoral experiences based on a survey of
73 doctoral students and graduates from the two largest and oldest TS doctoral programmes in South Korea. The survey includes
questions about their personal backgrounds, overall doctoral experiences, research competencies, regrets and suggestions for the
doctoral programmes. The analysis reveals the challenges they encountered and examines their assessments of TS research
competencies. Research competence and time management were the greatest challenges in their doctoral studies. The paper also
highlights the factors for successful doctorate completion by statistically analysing the participants’ variables, including their
age, marital status, years of practice and personal motives for undertaking doctoral studies. The paper concludes by discussing
its implications for TS doctoral programmes and research.
Confining atomic populations in space via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a doped solid
Authors: Stabel Markus , Feldmann Leo Daniel , Halfmann Thomas
Published: June 2022

We experimentally demonstrate spatial confinement of atomic excitation by adiabatic passage processes in a rare-earth ion-doped Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. In particular, we apply stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and compare its performance with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using a Stokes beam with Gaussian and a pump beam with donut shape we localize the atomic population in the zero-intensity center of the latter. Our data confirm that adiabatic passage confines excitation far below the diameter of the driving laser beams, and that this localization rapidly increases with laser intensity. We find, that STIRAP significantly outperforms EIT, as it was predicted by previous theory proposals, i.e., STIRAP reaches small excitation volumes with much lower laser intensity. The experimental data agree very well with numerical simulations. The findings serve as a step towards new applications for STIRAP, to prepare excitation regions or population patterns in space with large resolution.
Effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed hydration and hygroscopicity
Authors: Rongsangchaicharean Thunyapuk , Ruangwong Khomsan , Onwimol Damrongvudhi , Tephiruk Naowarat , Suwannarat Sawita , Srisonphan Siwapon
Published: June 2022

Nonthermal plasma has been explored as a green technology for improving seed wettability and crop productivity. In this investigation, we demonstrate scalable dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment of rice seeds at atmospheric pressure to elucidate the effect of plasma on seed hydration, hygroscopicity, and moisture content (MC). These properties are associated with seedling quality, nutrition, and shelf-life storage. The floating approach was utilized to evaluate seed wettability for a large-scale seed lot because treated seeds become superhydrophilic and sink immediately into water, whereas nontreated seeds float on the surface. We proved that a hydrophilic surface is necessary to improve water absorption, but the extent of physical etching and chemical functionalization had the greatest impact. After 5 h of imbibition, the seeds that were treated with plasma for 10 min absorbed ∼20% more water than the nontreated seeds. After plasma treatment, seed vigor increased dramatically, as evidenced by the radicle emergence times of ∼64 h for treated and ∼69 h for nontreated seeds. Furthermore, the treated seeds yielded seedlings that were ∼10% longer compared to the nontreated seeds on day 14 of germination, even after an artificial aging process. During treatment, the MC of the seed was linearly reduced due to an ionic wind with a velocity of ∼4.7 m s−1, which was generated using a localized nonuniform electric field that was applied around the seed’s surface. DBD plasma can modify seed coatings at the nanoscale level but not the availability of its primary nutrition and hygroscopicity. Although the treated seed absorbed moisture four times faster than the nontreated seed during the first 24 h of storage in a ∼99% relative humidity environment, there was no difference in MC subsequently. Thus, plasma treatment combines the advantages of efficient imbibition and vigor enhancement, and is beneficial for long-term seed preservation.
Study on the radiation detriment
Authors: Beck Thomas R
Published: June 2022

Cancer incidence risks, lifetime effects and radiation detriments are determined for the whole population and various subpopulations as a result of acute and chronic exposure to low-LET radiation, taking into account the risk models, procedures and representative populations provided by ICRP. The results are given for solid cancers in different organs, as well as for soft tissue cancer in bone marrow. For most cancer sites a good agreement is obtained between the results of this study and the values published by the ICRP. The agreement with ICRP values is better for the whole population than for the working age population, where the results are systematically elevated. For chronic exposure, the years of life lost per radiation-induced cancer incidence are generally higher. In particular, this results in a radiation detriment for the whole population that is 30% higher than for acute exposure. The study reveals that risk quantities show a pronounced age dependence. The highest radiation risks are attributed to young persons; the lowest to persons in advanced ages. The total detriment imposed on people in different ages varies by a factor of about 30. The average values provided by the ICRP mask these variations and considerably underestimate radiation risks in childhood and adolescence. This also concerns the determination of the effective dose for persons in these age groups. Unlike the ICRP, which provides different nominal detriments for the whole population and the working age population, the results of this study do not support the use of different detriments for these populations.
Tunable magnetic flux avalanches triggered by a focalized laser spot
Authors: Li Liujiang , Jiang Lu , Zhou You-He , Silhanek Alejandro V , Xue Cun
Published: June 2022

Magnetic flux avalanches caused by thermomagnetic instabilities are a common phenomenon occurring in type II superconducting films. The unpredictability of these catastrophic events threaten the application of superconducting thin film equipment, such as high-temperature superconducting magnets. In the present work, through the fast Fourier transform method, we numerically investigate artificially triggered flux avalanches in superconducting films by a focalized laser, unveiling new features beyond those associated to naturally occurring avalanches. The numerical modeling is validated by reproducing previous experimental results. We investigate the effects of laser irradiation on the nucleation and evolution of flux avalanches for different cases, namely varying the laser irradiation position, laser power, laser-spot size, ramping rate of applied magnetic field and working temperature. We find that the laser irradiation can control and guide the position of flux avalanches at applied magnetic fields with small ramping rate, while similar guidance effect cannot be observed at high ramping rates. We demonstrate that such phenomenon can be tuned by the environmental temperature, and the underlying physical mechanism can be ascribed to current crowding and local heating around the laser spot. Furthermore, by considering a pair of laser spots, we observe two possible scenarios depending on the laser power, (i) single flux avalanche triggered at one of the laser spots and (ii) double flux avalanches triggered at both laser spots.
3D printed low-permittivity all-dielectric metamaterial for dual-band microwave absorption based on surface lattice resonances
Authors: Guo Mengchao , Wang Xiaokun , Zhuang Haiyan , Tang Dongming , Zhang Baoshan , Yang Yi
Published: June 2022

Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) have been widely studied in optical field in recent years but none in microwave field. Meanwhile, some multi-band low-permittivity all-dielectric metamaterial absorbers (ADMMAs) fabricated by machining have been reported recently in microwave band and exhibited similar characteristics with SLRs. Considering this, microwave SLRs are investigated here and a dual-band low-permittivity ADMMA with a period of 20 mm is designed accordingly and fabricated by 3D printing. The simulation result shows an anomaly at 15 GHz and two absorption peaks at 11.35 GHz and 14.45 GHz, respectively. It can be discerned from simulation that the peak at lower frequency results from the magnetic dipole resonances inside individual elements, while the peak at higher frequency results from microwave SLR. The measured result is agreed with the simulated one, indicating that 3D printing is a better alternative for the fabrication of low-permittivity ADMMAs due to its several advantages. In addition, the absorption peaks are quite sensitive to the surrounding environment, which are suitable for microwave sensing applications. It can be expected that this work will help to guide the design of numerous metamaterials whose periods of arrays are close to wavelengths.
Role of vacancies in tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of BiCoO3
Authors: Kumari Manisha , Jindal Kajal , Tomar Monika , Jha Pradip K
Published: June 2022

Effect of vacancies on structural, electronic and magnetic properties of BiCoO3 (BCO) have been studied using first principles calculations. Formation energy calculation suggest that VBi is stabilized in −2 charge state with no net change in magnetization and is likely to be formed spontaneously. VCo is stabilized in −1 state under O-poor conditions and exhibits various transition levels under O-rich conditions leads to a net magnetization. VO are formed readily under O-poor conditions with 0 and +2 charge state. Under O-rich conditions, VO(1) is stabilized in 0 and +1 states with a change in magnetization and leads to a net magnetization of 2 μ
B (0.25 μB per formula unit), and VO(2) is stabilized as 0 and +2 charge states with no change in net magnetization. DOS shows that VBi leads to the formation of acceptor levels which may be responsible for p-type conduction, on the other hand, VO(2) leads to the formation of deep traps in BCO.
Non-Gaussianity in inflationary scenarios for primordial black holes
Authors: Davies Matthew W. , Carrilho Pedro , Mulryne David J.
Published: June 2022

Working in an idealised framework in which a series of
phases of evolution defined by the second slow-roll parameter η 
are matched together, we calculate the reduced bispectrum, f
NL,
for models of inflation with a large peak in their primordial power
spectra. We find f
NL is typically approximately constant over
scales at which the peak is located, and provide an analytic
approximation for this value. This allows us to identify the
conditions under which f
NL is large enough to have a significant
impact on the resulting production of primordial black holes (PBHs)
and scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs). Together with
analytic formulae for the gradient of the rise and fall in the power
spectrum, this provides a toolkit for designing or quickly analysing
inflationary models that produce PBHs and SIGWs.
Two states of liquid water with a qualitative difference in behavior of saturated vapor pressure
Authors: Konyukhov Vadim K , Stepanov Eugene V
Published: June 2022

A new analysis method of the liquid water state based on testing of saturated water vapor extracted from the surface of the liquid phase is proposed. The method uses transport properties of water vapor flow when water vapor passes through a vacuum valve. The method allows you to divide the states of liquid water samples into rest or restless ones. Restless water is obtained from rest water by mechanical influence on it, for example, vibration or mixing. The return time of restless water to a rest state was estimated based on experimental data.
Conserved Gross–Pitaevskii equations with a parabolic potential
Authors: Liu Shi-min , Zhang Da-jun
Published: June 2022

An integrable Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a parabolic potential is presented where particle density ∣u∣2 is conserved. We also present an integrable vector Gross–Pitaevskii system with a parabolic potential, where the total particle density

∑

j
=
1

n

∣

u

j

∣

2

is conserved. These equations are related to nonisospectral scalar and vector nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Infinitely many conservation laws are obtained. Gauge transformations between the standard isospectral nonlinear Schrödinger equations and the conserved Gross–Pitaevskii equations, both scalar and vector cases are derived. Solutions and dynamics are analyzed and illustrated. Some solutions exhibit features of localized-like waves.
A constant pressure flowmeter for extreme-high vacuum
Authors: Eckel S , Barker D S , Fedchak J , Newsome E , Scherschligt J , Vest R
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate operation of a constant-pressure flowmeter capable of generating and accurately measuring flows as low as 2 × 10−13 mol s−1. Generation of such small flows is accomplished by using a small conductance element with C ≈ 50 nl s−1. Accurate measurement then requires both low outgassing materials (

<
1
×
1

0

−
15

mol s−1) and small volume changes (

≈
70

μl). We outline the present flowmeter’s construction, detail its operation, and quantify its uncertainty. The type-B uncertainty is

<
0.2

% (k = 1) over the entire operating range. In particular, we present an analysis of its hydraulic system, and quantify the shift and uncertainty due to the slightly compressible oil. Finally, we compare our flowmeter against a NIST standard flowmeter, and find agreement to within 0.5% (k = 2).