bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic scoliosis. Mechanisms of development
Authors: Viktorovich Late Serdyuk Valentyn , Valentinovich Serdiuk Oleksandr , Tishkin Grigory
Published: November 2021

Objective: One of the most complicated problems of Orthopaedics is the treatment of scoliosis. More than 90% of cases are attributable to Idiopathic deformation, the cause of which is unknown. We investigated the cause of pathogenesis of this disorder.

Methods: At our institution more than 6900 patients aged 1-89 years have undergone inpatient and outpatient treatment in connection with spinal pain syndrome and different neurological disorders associated with idiopathic scoliosis. This study was undertaken between February 1996 and February 2010.  All patients had a clinical, radiography and laboratory examinations.

Results: The 29.6% of patients were aged 31-50 years old. 60% were men and 40% were women. While examining patients with scoliosis deformation, we noted symptoms of body asymmetry i.e. different volumes of the right and left halves of face body and limbs. These features were typical for all patients irrespective of sex, age, and ethnic origin. 83,2% of patients had underdevelopment of the left part of the body, and only 16,8% of the right side. Analysis of published work in anatomy, physiology, neurophysiology, vertebrology, done simultaneously with analysis of the clinical material, allowed us to make some conclusions.

Conclusions: First asymmetrical structure of the human body is based on laws of nature and is linked with difference of sizes of brain’s hemispheres, particularly of the right and left gyrus centralis anterior which controls the muscle’s function and our movements. Second asymmetrical tension of Erector spinae muscles, leads to inclination of the pelvis on a side of weak muscles; thus initiating development of the lateral spine curves. Since such a situation is typical for all people, this deformation is known as functional scoliosis. Third, further development of the bodies of vertebrae, their arches, processes, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and other anatomical elements in position of the deviation leads to one sided underdevelopment of these structures. As a result the areas of instability appear in each segment of spine ( neck, chest, lumbar and sacral areas ). Fourth, the  muscles in a growing body misbalance and on the ground of rotating movement, start rotatory dislocation of vertebrae in zones of instability in all parts of the spine. As a result torsion of the deformed wedge-shaped vertebrae leads to formation of the structural scoliosis. The rotation of the vertebrae, described above, does not depend on sex, age and ethnic origin of the patient and has a character of the natural development. Thus from our point of view, the term idiopathic scoliosis, must be changed to spinal muscle asymmetrical deformation of a reflex origin. Understanding of this rotation allowed us to establish an effective non-surgical method of treatment of scoliosis and spinal pain syndrome in patients of all ages.
INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGES OF ANTI-DRONE EFFORTS
Authors: ORBÁN József
Published: November 2021

The steps against the careless and deliberately malignant use of unmanned aircraft vehicle involve the evidence needed for the support of detection, drone avoidance and legal consequences. Detection is made more difficult by the small size as well as stealth operations. Avoidance shall be solved such lawful means that cause no unjustifiable or disproportionate harm to third parties. The complexity of the challenge can be handled with close collaboration among different various disciplines. The aim of this research is to give a brief introduction including interdisciplinary collaboration, hoping for uniting the resources can lead to the realization of the realistic constraints of the mischievous use of unmanned aircraft vehicles.
A Rare Presentation of a Common Disorder: Hyponatremia Presenting as Reversible Complete Heart Block
Authors: Palsania Mukesh
Published: November 2021

Hyponatremia is the imbalance in the levels of electrolytes in the body. It is very rare to diagnose patients of hyponatremia with the arrhythmic disorders or complete Heart Block. Studies shows that several defects of conduction system are directly or indirectly associated with Hyponatremia. A case of 72-year-old is described with the reoccurrence of syncopal attacks and respiratory tract infection.
Long-Term Follow-up of Standard and Small Diameter Implantable Cardioverter Leads
Authors: Zappulla Paolo
Published: November 2021

Background: Small-diameter implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads have been introduced into clinical practice to facilitate the implantation procedure. Despite their expected benefits, the reliability of these leads has proven to be questionable. The main purpose of our study is to investigate the impact of ICD lead diameter (≤8 F versus >8 F) on long-term lead durability.

Methods: Overall, 206 consecutive patients implanted with a right ventricular ICD lead in the Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing Unit of our department from January 2008 to December 2013 were included in this analysis. ICD leads were defined, according to their diameter, as small (≤8 F) and standard (>8 F).The small-diameter leads (n=106) included Linox (Biotronik; n=58) and Durata (St. Jude Medical/Abbot; n=48). The standard-diameter ICD leads (n=100) consisted of Sprint Quattro (Medtronic; n=64) and Endotak (Boston Scientific; n=36).

Results: After a median follow-up of 7.3 years, lead failure rate was significantly increased for small-diameter leads compared with standard-diameter leads (6.6% vs 1%; P=0.035). No difference in lead survival probability has been observed between Linox and Durata small-diameter leads (93% vs 92.7%; P=0.71). The majority of lead failures presented as noise (87.5%), without detectable abnormalities on fluoroscopic evaluation.

Conclusion: Our single-centre study showed that both Linox and Durata small-diameter ICD are associated to be more susceptible to a greater risk of lead failure as compared to standard-diameter ICD leads. In this perspective, a comprehensive vigilance strategy including home monitoring is warranted for early detection of lead failure.
Not the Only Gay in the Village: Towards the Development of a Framework for the Organization Of LGBTQI+ Pride Events in Rural Communities
Authors: Lockett Olive , Lewis Clifford
Published: November 2021

Academic literature has typically taken a metrocentric perspective to studying LGBTQI+ pride events, with limited attention being paid to rural LGBTQI+ pride events, particularly from an organization perspective. This study addresses this gap by developing a framework to assist with
the organization of pride events in rural communities. Ten experts with experience of organizing such events in rural communities were interviewed. The aim of the interview was to identify the components that needed to be managed when organizing such an event and considerations relevant to
implementing each component. Seventeen components were identified that needed to be addressed at different points in the event organization process—that is, before the event, during the event, and after the event. Based on these components, the Rural Pride Event Organization Framework
is put forward.
Pengaruh Musik Iringan terhadap Minat Jemaat Beribadah di GKE Palangka I Palangka Raya
Authors: Sulistyowati Ratih , Nugrahhu Putra Andino , Utami Ni Nyoman Astrini
Published: November 2021

Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis Palangka I menyelenggarakan ibadah dengan menggunakan alat musik pengiring yang beragam dengan menggunakan nuansa musik dalam setiap jam ibadah menjadi berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh musik iringan terhadap minat jemaat beribadah di Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis Palangka I Palangka Raya. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasi. Populasi berjumlaah 800 jemaat dengan sampel berjumlah 80 jemaat yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa musik iringan memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat jemaat beribadah di Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis Palangka I ditunjukkan dengan besar koefisien determinan adalah 0,569 yang berarti bahwa variabel musik iringan memberikan sumbangan pengaruh atau kontribusi pengaruh terhadap minat jemaat beribadah di Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis Palangka I Palangka Raya sebesar 56,9%. Sedangkan sisanya 43,1% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Dengan demikian, hipotesis diterima bahwa musik iringan berpengaruh positif terhadap minat jemaat beribadah di Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis Palangka I Palangka Raya.
Digital Creativity Development in an E-learning Environment – A 3D Design Project
Authors: Klima Gábor
Published: November 2021

During the pandemic, arts disciplines had to seek new paths for creation to continue visual skills development outside the studio. ICTs offer a natural tool set for individual and collaborative work and sharing online. 3D design and the development of digital creativity can represent new directions for Hungarian art education and its major discipline called Visual Culture. With this tool, visual art education can proceed on the bumpy road to teach the visual language of the 21st century. Certainly, technological focus is not the only option for progress in art education. Nevertheless, if we look for possible directions for renewal, we cannot ignore the use of software products that support visual creativity,and are becoming more and more easily available, simpler and free of charge. This paper focuses on the pedagogical possibilities of 3D printing. We present an experimental program with secondary school students aged 16 years, that started and ended face-to-face and was partly realised online. As the project manifests a creative synergy of Visual Culture and Information Technology disciplines that may be of interest for art and ICT educators as well.
Pandemic and Education
Authors: Buda András , Czékman Balázs
Published: November 2021

The emergence and rapid spread of the Coronavirus in the spring of 2020 has fundamentally changed our lives. The most important change has been the attempt to minimise face–to–face contacts everywhere in order to keep the epidemic under control. Public gatherings were banned, shopping malls were closed, and sporting events were also cancelled. As COVID–19 spread as easily among children as among adults, schools could not escape the restrictions. During the first wave of the epidemic, institutions had to switch to emergency remote education (ERE) at very short notice, which presented a number of problems for all participants. These problems and experiences of the switch should be collected at all levels of education, as they not only help to prepare for similar situations, but may also lead to conclusions that can be used to make the methods and solutions of classroom–based teaching more motivating, more effective or even more efficient. In this paper, we review both the challenges of the transition and the possible implications for the future teaching–learning process by reflecting on the lessons learned.
“From the Initial Steps to the Concept of Online Education” – Teacher Experiences and Development Directions Based on Feedback from Online Education Introduced During the Pandemic
Authors: Rajcsányi-Molnár Mónika , Bacsa-Bán Anetta
Published: November 2021

The pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has challenged the education system, not only in Hungary, but everywhere in the world. The use of information and communication technology in education, including higher education, has transformed students' expectations and, at the same time, redefined the role of the online educator. This is because online teaching and learning is significantly different from teaching-learning in a traditional environment, and educators need to rethink their role in the learning and teaching paradigm. Our higher education institution has developed a new learning-teaching concept based on the experience of distance education introduced as a result of the pandemic situation. The research described in the study and the corresponding developments are shared as good practice for other higher education institutions.
nueva normalidad
Authors: Limón Yáñez ¨Nancy
Published: November 2021

En este artículo analizo la experiencia emocional de niños y niñas en un contexto de nueva normalidad a través del aprendizaje en la educación básica en línea en México durante el confinamiento a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19. Pretendo recuperar la importancia de las emociones y el cuerpo ante políticas emergentes enmarcadas en estudios histórico-sociales, considerando la voz del infante, de madres y algunos docentes. Se desarrolla desde una perspectiva teórica sociológica de las emociones y el cuerpo junto con la pedagogía corporal; además de un corte metodológico cualitativo con la Teoría Fundamentada y análisis sociológico del dibujo.
Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Papaya Pulp-Milk Blends Fermented with a Probiotic Starter Culture
Authors: Waweru D. M. , Onyango A. N. , Okoth E. M. , Rimberia F. K. , Mathara J. M. , Makokha A. O.
Published: November 2021

Yoghurt is a popular fermented milk product across the globe. As consumers become more health conscious, there has been rising interest in probiotic yoghurts, fermented with bacteria that can promote human health, as well as yoghurts containing fruit pieces, juice or pulp, which increase the levels of phytochemicals, dietary fibre and some vitamins in the product. Generally, the fruit products are added only up to about 20%. Here we investigated the physicochemical, sensory and microbial properties of analogous fermented products containing milk, but consisting mainly of papaya fruit pulp. Formulations were made at different ratios ranging from 50-100% papaya pulp. Yoghurt (with 0% papaya) was made to serve as the control. Conditions for pasteurization prior to fermentation were optimized for the control of yeasts and molds. The products were fermented with a probiotic culture consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus + Lactobacillus acidophilus + Bifidobacterium spp. Sensory analysis on a 9-point hedonic scale revealed an increase in acceptability of the various attributes with increase in pulp. Formulations containing 80% to 100% papaya fruit were found to be most liked and of comparable quality to the control, having scores of ≥ 7 (ranging from moderately liked to liked very much)) in colour, taste, texture and overall acceptability. Compared to the control, these formulations were found to contain more ascorbic acid, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, dietary fiber and carbohydrates. The control was however higher in thiamine, protein and fat levels. The products were stable under refrigerated storage (4 ⁰C) for 3 weeks.
In conclusion, we found that papaya pulp fermented with a probiotic starter culture, and containing up to 20% milk had good sensory acceptability. The health benefits of such products are worthy of further investigations.
On the issues of judicial control over the discretion of the authority
Authors: Onishchuk Mykola
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to define the concept of «discretionary powers», to formulate conclusions on the limits of discretionary powers of government authorities, to analyze the limits of judicial control over discretionary powers, the correlation between court procedural discretion and public administration discretion.

Methods: The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are modern general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge. The formal-logical method and the method of analysis and synthesis are used in the study of doctrinal provisions on the concept of «discretionary powers». The method of comparative legal analysis is used in the study of foreign models of judicial control over the exercise of discretionary powers.

Results: The article defines the concept of «discretionary powers», considers the types of administrative discretion, approaches to the scope of judicial control over the implementation of discretionary powers in different European countries, givthe criteria for effective judicial control over the exercise of discretionary powers.

Conclusions: The attribute of effective judicial protection against illegal activity in the exercise of discretionary powers is the issuance of a court decision that makes it impossible to re-apply to the administrative body or re-resolve the same issue. Based on this, it is concluded that in Ukraine it is appropriate to apply the model of full judicial control, and the recognition of the disputed decision as illegal with the obligation to re-adopt the administrative decision is contrary to the rule of law principle, except the situations when:

- there was no real consideration of the issue as such (non-compliance with the decision-making procedure, decision-making by an inappropriate subject);

- there is an exclusive competence of the relevant body to make a specific decision (assign a rank, military rank, etc.).

Keywords: rule of law, administrative discretion, procedural discretion, judicial control, remedies.
Freedom of movement in terms of justification in a democratic society: ECtHR approaches
Authors: Kuchiv Oksana
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the right to freedom of movement, guaranteed by the Article 2 of the Protocol 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and compliance with the requirement of «necessity in a democratic society» while restricting freedom of movement. The article mentions the implementation of Article 2 of Protocol 4 to the Convention and the case law of the ECtHR by national courts in practice. In particular, it is stated that Article 2 of Protocol 4 to the Convention is most often applied in decisions of the courts of civil jurisdiction (507), less so in cases of the administrative courts (47), although namely administrative justice must protect human rights from arbitrary state interference. Article 2 of Protocol 4 to the Convention is most frequently applied by administrative courts in numerous and uncomplicated cases concerning the registration of a person's place of residence.

It is noted that freedom of movement includes 3 aspects: free movement, freedom to choose residence and the right to leave any country freely, including one's own. It is emphasized that freedom of movement, even though it is a fundamental freedom, is not absolute and may be restricted under the conditions set out in Article 2 of the Protocol.

Restrictions on freedom of movement must be necessary in a democratic society. Proportionality is an indirect requirement of necessity in a democratic society. The concept of «necessity in a democratic society» is the most unusual for national jurisprudence. A study of the ECtHR case law on Article 2 of Protocol 4 shows that freedom of movement is most often violated because the imposed restrictions are not justified in a democratic society. Using the ECtHR case law (judgements «Garib v. The Netherlands», «Soltysyak v. Russia», «Stamose v. Bulgaria», «Bartik v. Russia») revealed (named, described) key aspects (factors) taken into account by the ECtHR when verifying compliance with the criterion of «necessity in a democratic society» and proportionality in the consideration of complaints concerning the restriction of the right to freedom of movement.

It is appropriate to take into account the following factors: the private situation of the person whose right is restricted, the severity of the measure, the duration of restrictions, the availability of judicial review. The circumstances that exist in the state at the time when the restrictions are applied are important. Restrictive measures must be appropriate to the purpose pursued throughout the duration of the restrictions. To determine whether the restriction was proportionate, it is necessary to take into account the dynamic approach to the interpretation of the ECHR, according to which the Convention is a «living" instrument and should be interpreted in the current context.

Key words: freedom of movement, Protocol № 4 to the Convention, ECtHR practice, restrictions, administrative jurisdiction, necessity in a democratic society, proportionality.
Alman Gençlik Edebiyatında Z-Kuşağı Etkisi: Bir Alanyazın Taraması Örneği
Authors: ÖZEN Neriman Nüzket , GÖÇERLER Harun
Published: November 2021

2000’li yılların başından itibaren gençler sorunlarını, sevinçlerini, fikirlerini, hayat görüşlerini, yaşam tarzlarını pek çok farklı dijital platformda farklı kültürlerdeki ve ülkelerdeki gençler ile paylaşabilmektedir. Bu şekilde kendine has yeni bir yaşam felsefesi oluşturan ve Z-Kuşağı olarak anılan bir kuşak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, özellikle 2000 yılından sonra yazılmış olan Alman gençlik edebiyatı eserlerinden bazılarının örneklem olarak ele alınmasıyla bir alanyazın taraması yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu sayede Alman gençlik edebiyatında ele alınan konuların neler olduğu, hangi sebeplerden dolayı bu konuların ele alınmış olabileceği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. İkincil hedef ise çalışmanın sonuç kısmında Türkiye’deki gençlik edebiyatı alanına ilişkin önerilerde bulunmaktır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuca göre Alman gençlik edebiyatında sıklıkla arkadaş ilişkileri, toplum içerisinde kimlik arayışı, okulu terk etme, uyuşturucu kullanımı ve doğurduğu sonuçlar, adaletsizlik, aile içi iletişim sorunları, ebeveyni ayrı olan gençlerin hikâyeleri, Cyber-Mobbing, aşk, bilimkurgu, göç, kültürlerarasılık, suç gibi konularının aktarıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Teoría del Procesamiento de la Información Mediada por la Blackboard para la Enseñanza del Inglés
Authors: Bautista-Boada Francy Katerine
Published: November 2021

En los últimos tiempos la educación ha sido impactada por diversos avances tecnológicos. Estos cambios han tenido una gran influencia en los agentes educativos quienes ponen en práctica nuevos métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje mediante herramientas que facilitan procesar de manera diferente la información, y así llevan su propio ritmo de aprendizaje. El objetivo que orientó esta investigación fue analizar la teoría del procesamiento de la información de Gagné mediada por la plataforma Blackboard para la adquisición del idioma inglés. Para llegar a cumplirlo, esta investigación se enmarcó en un enfoque cualitativo, el cual se desarrolló en cuatro fases: planificación, acción, observación y reflexión. Para el desarrollo de la presente investigación, se seleccionaron como informantes clave 5 docentes con conocimiento en educación y 7 estudiantes. En el presente trabajo se tuvo en cuenta la teoría de Gagné, la cual hace referencia a cómo los estudiantes procesan la información. Esta teoría se encontró mediada por el uso de la plataforma Blackboard como herramienta para el aprendizaje del inglés. Como resultado al utilizar esta herramienta se apreció una educación flexible que permitió al estudiante transmitir y producir información obtenida de estas herramientas tecnológicas, sin importar el tiempo o lugar. En conclusión, por medio de las TIC los estudiantes utilizaron herramientas digitales y pedagógicas para construir conocimientos a partir de sus saberes previos llegando a crear aprendizajes más significativos para comprender el inglés.
Teoría de la Conversación Literaria de Aidan Chambers como Estrategia para el Fortalecimiento de la Comprensión Lectora
Authors: Peña-Maldonado Omaira
Published: November 2021

La escasa comprensión lectora es una de las principales problemáticas que afrontan los docentes de primaria. Además, es uno de los factores limitantes en el desempeño académico de los niños en Colombia. Con esta investigación se analizó la incidencia de la teoría de la conversación literaria de Aidan Chambers en el fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora en el grado tercero, Sede R Jagüi del Colegio Juan XXIII. La metodología implementada se basó en el paradigma metodológico cualitativo, Investigación Acción (IA), sustentado en un análisis crítico con la participación activa de los agentes implicados. La investigación fue realizada con un grupo de dos discentes. Se ejecutó a través de la modalidad de enseñanza totalmente virtual utilizando la plataforma de Zoom, WhatsApp y Educaplay, por medio de videos, libros álbum, composiciones, juegos, creaciones. El estudio fue realizado con una muestra de 2 estudiantes del grado tercero, sus edades oscilan entre los 8 y 9 años. Se planteó en la unidad didáctica de cinco sesiones de trabajo en pro de mejorar la comprensión lectora y abordar una serie de temáticas sobre el territorio, a partir de las cuales elaboraron sus propias producciones para alimentar la página el producto final (una página web). La propuesta fue efectiva, así lo dejan ver los resultados de la prueba aplicada en la cual se puede evidenciar las estrategias innovadoras que permitieron mejorar la comprensión de los hábitos lectores.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALINITY AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM
Authors: USLU Leyla
Published: November 2021

In the study, Porphyridium cruentum was cultured under laboratory conditions at 20±2°C, 16:8 (light:dark) photoperiod and continuous aeration to different salinity (20‰, 30‰, 40‰) and two different light intensities (37 µmol m-2s-1 photon and 110 µmol m-2s-1 photon) and growth was determined. Dry matter, optical density and chlorophyll a parameter were used to determine growth. The best growth was determined in culture with a salinity of 30‰ at 110 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity. In this group, the optical density (OD) was 1.504±0.003 and the dry matter amount was 1.327gl-1. In the case of 37µmol µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity, the optical density values were found to be similar in groups with 30‰ and 50‰ salinity and were found to be 1.234±0.004 and 1.215±0.002, respectively. The amounts of dry matter were also similar; 1.168gl-1 and 1.159gl-1, respectively. While the lowest growth was in the culture at 37 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity and 20‰ salinity. The optical density obtained on the last day of this group was 1.165±0.004 and the dry matter amount was determined as 0.986gl-1. The amount of chlorophyll a was determined in the cultured groups at the best 37 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity.
DETERMINING LEARNING SUCCESS of kNN ALGORITHM on ZOO DATASET
Authors: ÇELİK Ahmet
Published: November 2021

People learn by examining, observing and researching their environment. They actually gains experience from what they have learned. By using the experience they have gained, they can adapt to the new situation they encounter and make decisions. People always make decisions by comparing their previous knowledge while describing objects and classifying them. Similarities and differences to previously learned objects are very effective in decision making. It has been shown in the studies that the experiential learning method can also be used on machines. Intelligent machines and devices that use machine learning methods in their structure are widely used in many areas. Machine learning can be performed using different algorithms. These algorithms use the attributes of the objects in the data set when making decisions. Similarities and differences in the attributes of objects are obtained by comparing them with previous experiences. As a result of the comparison, a decision is made and predictions are made about the classes of the objects. In this study, kNN machine learning algorithm, which is a supervised learning method, was used on the Zoo dataset. In this data set, there are attributes of common living things. By using these attributes, the classes of living things in the data set are determined. The “k” neighbor value and weight parameter selected in the kNN algorithm affect the learning success. In this study, the effect of two parameters used in the kNN algorithm on learning success is shown. According to the results obtained, the "k=1" neighbor value and the "Distance Weight" parameter were selected and the highest success result was obtained.
Probing the Wind Component of Radio Emission in Luminous High-redshift Quasars
Authors: Richards Gordon T. , McCaffrey Trevor V. , Kimball Amy , Rankine Amy L. , Matthews James H. , Hewett Paul C. , Rivera Angelica B.
Published: November 2021

We discuss a probe of the contribution of wind-related shocks to the radio emission in otherwise radio-quiet quasars. Given (1) the nonlinear correlation between UV and X-ray luminosity in quasars, (2) that such a correlation leads to higher likelihood of radiation-line-driven winds in more luminous quasars, and (3) that luminous quasars are more abundant at high redshift, deep radio observations of high-redshift quasars are needed to probe potential contributions from accretion disk winds. We target a sample of 50 z ≃ 1.65 color-selected quasars that span the range of expected accretion disk wind properties as traced by broad C iv emission. 3 GHz observations with the Very Large Array to an rms of ≈10 μJy beam−1 probe to star formation rates of ∼400 M
⊙ yr−1, leading to 22 detections. Supplementing these pointed observations are survey data of 388 sources from the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey Data Release 1 that reach comparable depth (for a typical radio spectral index), where 123 sources are detected. These combined observations reveal a radio detection fraction that is a nonlinear function of C iv emission-line properties and suggest that the data may require multiple origins of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars. We find evidence for radio emission from weak jets or coronae in radio-quiet quasars with low Eddington ratios, with either (or both) star formation and accretion disk winds playing an important role in optically luminous quasars and correlated with increasing Eddington ratio. Additional pointed radio observations are needed to fully establish the nature of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars.
Fragmenting Active Asteroid 331P/Gibbs
Authors: Jewitt David , Li Jing , Kim Yoonyoung
Published: November 2021

We describe active asteroid 331P/Gibbs (2012 F5) using archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data taken between 2015 and 2018. 331P is an outer main belt active asteroid with a long-lived debris trail that formed in 2011. Embedded in the debris trail we identify 19 fragments with radii between 0.04 and 0.11 km (albedo 0.05 assumed) containing about 1% of the mass of the primary nucleus. The largest shows a photometric range (∼1.5 mag), a V-shaped minimum, and a two-peaked lightcurve period near 9 hr, consistent with a symmetric contact binary. Less convincing explanations are that 331P-A is a monolithic, elongated splinter or that its surface shows hemispheric 4:1 albedo variations. The debris trail is composed of centimeter-sized and larger particles ejected with characteristic 10 cm s−1 speeds following a size distribution with index q = 3.7 ± 0.1 to 4.1 ± 0.2. The HST data show that earlier, ground-based measurements of the nucleus were contaminated by near-nucleus debris, which cleared by 2015. We find that the primary nucleus has effective radius 0.8 ± 0.1 km and is in rapid rotation (3.26 ± 0.01 hr), with a lightcurve range of 0.25 mag and a minimum density of 1600 kg m−3 if strengthless. The properties of 331P are consistent with (1) formation about 1.5 Myr ago by impact shattering of a precursor body, (2) spin-up by radiation torques to critical rotation, (3) ejection of about 1% of the nucleus mass in mid 2011 by rotational instability, and (4) subsequent evolution of the fragments and dispersal of the debris by radiation pressure.
Spectral Modeling of Flares in Long-term Gamma-Ray Light Curve of PKS 0903-57
Authors: Mondal Sandeep Kumar , Prince Raj , Gupta Nayantara , Kumar Das Avik
Published: November 2021

A detailed study of the BL Lacertae PKS 0903-57 has been done for the first time with 12 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. We have identified two bright gamma-ray flares in 2018 and 2020. Many substructures were observed during multiple time binning of these flares. We performed a detailed temporal and spectral study on all the substructures separately. A single-zone emission model is used for time-dependent leptonic modeling of the multiwavelength spectral energy distributions. Our estimated values of variability timescale, magnetic field in the emission region, and the jet power obtained from leptonic modeling of PKS 0903-57 are presented in this work. Currently, we have a minimal number of observations in X-rays and other bands. Hence, further simultaneous multiwavelength monitoring of this source is required to have a better understanding of the physical processes occurring in the jet of the blazar PKS 0903-57.
Direct Measurements of Giant Star Effective Temperatures and Linear Radii: Calibration against Spectral Types and V − K Color
Authors: van Belle Gerard T. , von Braun Kaspar , Ciardi David R. , Pilyavsky Genady , Buckingham Ryan S. , Boden Andrew F. , Clark Catherine A. , Hartman Zachary , van Belle Gerald , Bucknew William , Cole Gary
Published: November 2021

We calculate directly determined values for effective temperature (T
eff) and radius (R) for 191 giant stars based upon high-resolution angular size measurements from optical interferometry at the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. Narrow- to wideband photometry data for the giants are used to establish bolometric fluxes and luminosities through spectral energy distribution fitting, which allows for homogeneously establishing an assessment of spectral type and dereddened V
0 − K
0 color; these two parameters are used as calibration indices for establishing trends in T
eff and R. Spectral types range from G0III to M7.75III, V
0 − K
0 from 1.9 to 8.5. For the V
0 − K
0 = {1.9, 6.5} range, median T
eff uncertainties in the fit of effective temperature versus color are found to be less than 50 K; over this range, T
eff drops from 5050 to 3225 K. Linear sizes are found to be largely constant at 11 R
⊙ from G0III to K0III, increasing linearly with subtype to 50 R
⊙ at K5III, and then further increasing linearly to 150 R
⊙ by M8III. Three examples of the utility of this data set are presented: first, a fully empirical Hertzsprung–Russell diagram is constructed and examined against stellar evolution models; second, values for stellar mass are inferred based on measures of R and literature values for

log
g

; finally, an improved calibration of an angular size prediction tool, based upon V and K values for a star, is presented.
The Maximum Accreted Mass of Recycled Pulsars
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Chen Xuefei , Chen Hai-Liang , Han Zhanwen
Published: November 2021

The maximum mass of neutron stars (NSs) is of great importance for constraining equations of state of NSs and understanding the mass gap between NSs and stellar-mass black holes. NSs in X-ray binaries increase in mass by accreting material from their companions (known as the recycling process), and the uncertainties in the accretion process make studying the NS mass at birth a challenge. In this work, we investigate the NS accreted mass while considering the effect of NS spin evolution and provide the maximum accreted mass for NSs in the recycling process. By exploring a series of binary evolution calculations, we obtain the final NS mass and the maximum accreted mass for a given birth mass of an NS and a mass transfer efficiency. Our results show that NSs can accrete relatively more material for binary systems with donor masses in the range of 1.8 ∼ 2.4 M
⊙, NSs accrete relatively more mass when the remnant WD mass is in the range of ∼ 0.25–0.30 M
⊙, and the maximum accreted mass is positively correlated with the initial NS mass. For a 1.4 M
⊙ NS at birth with a moderate mass transfer efficiency of 0.3, the maximum accreted mass could be 0.27 M
⊙. The results can be used to estimate the minimum birth mass for systems with massive NSs in observations.
An Unbiased CO Survey toward the Northern Region of the Small Magellanic Cloud with the Atacama Compact Array. I. Overview: CO Cloud Distributions
Authors: Tokuda Kazuki , Kondo Hiroshi , Ohno Takahiro , Konishi Ayu , Sano Hidetoshi , Tsuge Kisetsu , Zahorecz Sarolta , Goto Nao , Neelamkodan Naslim , Wong Tony , Sewiło Marta , Fukushima Hajime , Takekoshi Tatsuya , Muraoka Kazuyuki , Kawamura Akiko , Tachihara Kengo , Fukui Yasuo , Onishi Toshikazu
Published: November 2021

We have analyzed the data from a large-scale CO survey toward the northern region of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) obtained with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) stand-alone mode of ALMA. The primary aim of this study is to comprehensively understand the behavior of CO as an H2 tracer in a low-metallicity environment (Z ∼ 0.2 Z
⊙). The total number of mosaic fields is ∼8000, which results in a field coverage of 0.26 deg2 (∼2.9 ×105 pc2), corresponding to ∼10% of the area of the galaxy. The sensitive ∼2 pc resolution observations reveal the detailed structure of the molecular clouds previously detected in the single-dish NANTEN survey. We have detected a number of compact CO clouds within lower H2 column density (∼1020 cm−2) regions whose angular scale is similar to the ACA beam size. Most of the clouds in this survey also show peak brightness temperature as low as <1 K, which for optically thick CO emission implies an emission size much smaller than the beam size, leading to beam dilution. The comparison between an available estimation of the total molecular material traced by thermal dust emission and the present CO survey demonstrates that more than ∼90% of H2 gas cannot be traced by the low-J CO emission. Our processed data cubes and 2D images are publicly available.
Mass-ratio and Magnetic Flux Dependence of Modulated Accretion from Circumbinary Disks
Authors: Noble Scott C. , Krolik Julian H. , Campanelli Manuela , Zlochower Yosef , Mundim Bruno C. , Nakano Hiroyuki , Zilhão Miguel
Published: November 2021

Accreting supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) are potential multimessenger sources because they emit both gravitational-wave and electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Past work has shown that their EM output may be periodically modulated by an asymmetric density distribution in the circumbinary disk, often called an “overdensity” or “lump;” this modulation could possibly be used to identify a source as a binary. We explore the sensitivity of the overdensity to SMBBH mass ratio and magnetic flux through the accretion disk. We find that the relative amplitude of the overdensity and its associated EM periodic signal both degrade with diminishing mass ratio, vanishing altogether somewhere between 1:2 and 1:5. Greater magnetization also weakens the lump and any modulation of the light output. We develop a model to describe how lump formation results from internal stress degrading faster in the lump region than it can be rejuvenated through accretion inflow, and predicts a threshold value in specific internal stress below which lump formation should occur and which all our lump-forming simulations satisfy. Thus, detection of such a modulation would provide a constraint on both mass ratio and magnetic flux piercing the accretion flow.
Are Stripped Envelope Supernovae Really Deficient in 56Ni?
Authors: Ouchi Ryoma , Maeda Keiichi , Anderson Joseph P. , Sawada Ryo
Published: November 2021

Recent works have indicated that the 56Ni masses estimated for stripped envelope supernovae (SESNe) are systematically higher than those estimated for SNe II. Although this may suggest a distinct progenitor structure between these types of SNe, the possibility remains that this may be caused by observational bias. One important possible bias is that SESNe with low 56Ni mass are dim, and therefore more likely to escape detection. By investigating the distributions of 56Ni mass and distance of the samples collected from the literature, we find that the current literature SESN sample indeed suffers from a significant observational bias, i.e., objects with low 56Ni mass—if they exist—will be missed, especially at larger distances. Note, however, that those distant objects in our sample are mostly SNe Ic-BL. We also conducted mock observations assuming that the 56Ni mass distribution for SESNe is intrinsically the same as that of SNe II. We find that the 56Ni mass distribution of the detected SESN samples moves toward higher mass than the assumed intrinsic distribution because of the difficulty in detecting the low-56Ni mass SESNe. These results could explain the general trend of the higher 56Ni mass distribution (than SNe II) of SESNe found thus far in the literature. However, further finding clear examples of low-56Ni mass SESNe (≤ 0.01 M
⊙) is required to strengthen this hypothesis. Also, objects with high 56Ni mass (≳ 0.2 M
⊙) are not explained by our model, which may require an additional explanation.
Constraining Progenitors of Observed Low-mass X-ray Binaries Using Convection and Rotation-Boosted Magnetic Braking
Authors: Van Kenny X. , Ivanova Natalia
Published: November 2021

We present a new method for constraining the mass transfer evolution of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs)—a reverse population synthesis technique. This is done using the detailed 1D stellar evolution code MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) to evolve a high-resolution grid of binary systems spanning a comprehensive range of initial donor masses and orbital periods. We use the recently developed convection and rotation-boosted (CARB) magnetic braking scheme. The CARB magnetic braking scheme is the only magnetic braking prescription capable of reproducing an entire sample of well-studied persistent LMXBs—those with mass ratios, periods, and mass transfer rates that have been observationally determined. Using the reverse population synthesis technique, where we follow any simulated system that successfully reproduces an observed LMXB backward, we have constrained possible progenitors for each observed well-studied persistent LMXB. We also determined that the minimum number of LMXB formations in the Milky Way is 1500 per Gyr if we exclude Cyg X-2. For Cyg X-2, the most likely formation rate is 9000 LMXB Gyr−1. The technique we describe can be applied to any observed LMXB with well-constrained mass ratio, period, and mass transfer rate. With the upcoming GAIA DR3 containing information on binary systems, this technique can be applied to the data release to search for progenitors of observed persistent LMXBs.
Dissecting the Local Environment of FRB 190608 in the Spiral Arm of its Host Galaxy
Authors: Chittidi Jay S. , Simha Sunil , Mannings Alexandra , Prochaska J. Xavier , Ryder Stuart D. , Rafelski Marc , Neeleman Marcel , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Tejos Nicolas , Jorgenson Regina A. , Day Cherie K. , Marnoch Lachlan , Bhandari Shivani , Deller Adam T. , Qiu Hao , Bannister Keith W. , Shannon Ryan M. , Heintz Kasper E.
Published: November 2021

We present a high-resolution analysis of the host galaxy of fast radio burst (FRB) 190608, an SB(r)c galaxy at z = 0.11778 (hereafter HG 190608), to dissect its local environment and its contributions to the FRB properties. Our Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 ultraviolet and visible light image reveals that the subarcsecond localization of FRB 190608 is coincident with a knot of star formation (ΣSFR = 1.5 × 10−2
M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2) in the northwest spiral arm of HG 190608. Using Hβ emission present in our Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field spectrum of the galaxy with a surface brightness of

μ

H
β

=
(
3.36
±
0.21
)
×

10

−
17

erg

s

−
1

cm

−
2

arcsec

−
2

, we infer an extinction-corrected Hα surface brightness and compute a dispersion measure (DM) from the interstellar medium of HG 190608 of DMHost,ISM = 94 ± 38 pc cm−3. The galaxy rotates with a circular velocity v
circ = 141 ± 8 km s−1 at an inclination i
gas = 37° ± 3°, giving a dynamical mass

M

halo

dyn

≈

10

11.96
±
0.08

M

⊙

. This implies a halo contribution to the DM of DMHost,Halo = 55 ± 25 pc cm−3 subject to assumptions on the density profile and fraction of baryons retained. From the galaxy rotation curve, we infer a bar-induced pattern speed of Ω
p
= 34 ± 6 km s−1 kpc−1 using linear resonance theory. We then calculate the maximum time since star formation for a progenitor using the furthest distance to the arm’s leading edge within the localization, and find

t

enc

=

21

−
6

+
25

Myr. Unlike previous high-resolution studies of FRB environments, we find no evidence of disturbed morphology, emission, or kinematics for FRB 190608.
Precise Measurements of CH Maser Emission and Its Abundance in Translucent Clouds
Authors: Tang Ningyu , Li Di , Luo Gan , Heiles Carl , Qin Sheng-Li , Wang Junzhi , Xia Jifeng , Chen Long-Fei
Published: November 2021

We present high-sensitivity CH 9 cm ON/OFF observations toward 18 extragalactic continuum sources that have been detected with OH 18 cm absorption in the Millennium survey with the Arecibo telescope. CH emission was detected toward 6 of the 18 sources. The excitation temperature of CH has been derived directly through analyzing all detected ON and OFF velocity components. The excitation temperature of CH 3335 MHz transition ranges from −54.5 to −0.4 K and roughly follows a log-normal distribution peaking within [−5, 0] K, which implies overestimation by 20% to more than 10 times during calculating CH column density by assuming the conventional value of −60 or −10 K. Furthermore, the column density of CH would be underestimated by a factor of 1.32 ± 0.03 when adopting local thermal equilibrium assumption instead of using the CH three hyperfine transitions. We found a correlation between the column density of CH and OH following log N(CH) = (1.80 ± 0.49) log N(OH) −11.59 ± 6.87. The linear correlation between the column density of CH and H2 is consistent with that derived from visible wavelengths studies, confirming that CH is one of the best tracers of H2 components in diffuse molecular gas.
In vitro Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Moringa oleifera on Phytopathogenic Fungi Affecting Carica papaya
Authors: Oniha Margaret , Eni Angela , Akinnola Olayemi , Omonigbehin Emmanuel Adedayo , Ahuekwe Eze Frank , Olorunshola John Folashade
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Plants remain the natural sources of efficacious phytonutrients with beneficial assets to mankind against microbial disorders. Diverse folklores have reported the roles of medicinal plants in the remedies of various disorders in man and animals. Metabolites and pesticides from the plant origin are considered better alternatives due to favorable environmental impact as compared to the synthetic counterparts. Significant economic losses and hindrance of global papaya production are due to fungal diseases. Phytochemicals have made medicinal plants become sources of environmentally friendly alternative antimicrobials.

AIM: This study aimed at assessing the antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera against phytopathogenic fungi isolated from Carica papaya.

METHODS: n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaves were evaluated for their antifungal properties. Agar well-diffusion method was implemented for in vitro screening, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extract types against fungal species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Trichoderma.

RESULTS: All the extracts evaluated inhibited fungal growth to some degree, with the aqueous extract exhibiting more inhibitory activities than the organic extracts. There was significant inhibition of fungal development by the tested plant extracts at different concentrations. MIC of the extracts was 15.625 mg/ml while the MFC values ranged between 15.625 and 31.25. In this work, the antifungal activity of M. oleifera was found to be equal or higher than commercially available fungicide, ketoconazole.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that foliole extracts of M. oleifera have potential for use as biofungicides for plant protection against fungal diseases.