bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Strategy for Realizing Reliable Welding of Aluminum-Steel
Authors:   American Welding Society, LI MINGFENG , WANG YANJUN , TAO WU , YANG SHANGLU
Published: December 2023

This study proposed a novel welding strategy called active-expulsion-assisted resistance spot welding (RSW), which was used to address the limitations of RSW of aluminum to steel. The method primarily comprised an intentionally set expulsion stage and a locking stage. In the expulsion stage, a short-duration expulsion pulse with a relatively large welding current was applied to melt the aluminum and induce liquid aluminum expulsion. Then, in the locking stage, a welding current pulse was used to join the locking sheet and the steel workpiece. A combination of quenched and partitioned 1180 steel and AA6016 aluminum alloy with and without adhesive was used for welding. Experimental results showed that the expulsion pulse efficiently removed the aluminum alloy in the weld, creating the conditions for fundamentally avoiding the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the nugget during the subsequent welding stage. After the welding pulse, a strong joint was generated between the locking sheet and the steel, thus realizing a firm connection for the combination of welding and riveting between an aluminum alloy and steel substrate.
Capacity building in Nigeria's healthcare sector: A review of skill development and mentorship initiatives
Authors: Beatrice Adedayo Okunade  , Foluke Eyitayo Adediran  , Obe Destiny Balogun  , Chinedu Paschal Maduka  , Adebukola Adejumoke Adegoke
Published: December 2023

This paper delves into the critical realm of skill development and mentorship within Nigeria's healthcare sector, aiming to dissect and evaluate the current state of healthcare capacity building. Set against the backdrop of Nigeria's complex healthcare landscape, the study navigates through the intricacies of healthcare training, mentorship practices, and the challenges inherent in the system. The primary aim is to scrutinize the effectiveness of existing skill development initiatives and mentorship models, and how they align with the healthcare needs of Nigeria. Employing a comprehensive literature review as its methodological backbone, the paper systematically examines various government and NGO-led programs, mentorship practices, and the integration of skill development with mentorship. This approach enables a thorough analysis of the historical evolution, current challenges, and gaps in healthcare capacity building in Nigeria. The findings reveal a healthcare sector that, despite facing infrastructural and educational challenges, is witnessing progressive strides in skill development and mentorship. The study highlights the transformative impact of these initiatives on healthcare delivery, emphasizing the synergy between skill enhancement and mentorship in elevating healthcare standards. It also identifies the critical role of mentorship in fostering professional growth and leadership among healthcare practitioners. Conclusively, the paper underscores the need for a multi-faceted and collaborative approach in enhancing healthcare capacity. It recommends robust skill development programs, innovative mentorship models, and strategic policy interventions aimed at creating a sustainable, resilient, and efficient healthcare system. The study advocates for a united effort from government bodies, educational institutions, healthcare organizations, and international partners to achieve these goals. This paper is a clarion call for a renewed focus on capacity building in Nigeria's healthcare sector, highlighting the path towards a more competent and responsive healthcare system.
Modern electric motors: A review of sustainable design and maintenance principles: scrutinizing the latest trends focusing on motor efficiency, sustainability, recyclability, and reduced maintenance
Authors: Abimbola Oluwatoyin Adegbite  , Chinedu Nnamdi Nwasike  , Nwabueze Kelvin Nwaobia  , Joachim Osheyor Gidiagba  , Oseluole Tobi Enabor  , Samuel Onimisi Dawodu  , Adedayo Adefemi  , Chinedu Alex Ezeigweneme
Published: December 2023

This study presents a comprehensive review of the current state and advancements in sustainable electric motor design, focusing on aspects of efficiency, sustainability, recyclability, and maintenance. The research employs a systematic literature review methodology, analyzing peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and academic theses from the past decade. The aim is to synthesize existing knowledge and identify trends, challenges, and opportunities in the field of electric motor technology, particularly in the context of environmental sustainability and technological innovation. Key findings highlight a significant shift from conventional motor designs to more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly models. The study reveals advancements in the use of sustainable materials, innovative manufacturing processes, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies to enhance motor efficiency. The importance of recyclability and effective maintenance strategies in extending the lifecycle of electric motors is also emphasized, alongside the critical role of international standards and regulations in shaping industry practices. The future landscape of electric motor technology is marked by both challenges and opportunities, with technological advancements paving the way for further improvements in efficiency and sustainability. However, the need for more sustainable materials, improved recycling processes, and adaptation to evolving regulatory landscapes presents ongoing challenges. The study concludes with recommendations for industry leaders and policymakers, emphasizing the need for continuous investment in research and development, embracing circular economy principles, and fostering collaboration between various stakeholders. Future research directions are suggested, focusing on exploring new materials and technologies, developing standardized methods for environmental impact assessment, and promoting effective recycling and maintenance strategies. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders in the electric motor industry, providing insights and guidance for future developments in sustainable electric motor technologies.
A review of sustainable entrepreneurship practices and their impact on long-term business viability
Authors: Zainab Efe Egieya  , Sarah Kuzankah Ewuga  , Adedolapo Omotosho  , Abimbola Oluwatoyin Adegbite  , Osato Itohan Oriekhoe
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the intricate relationship between sustainable entrepreneurship practices and long-term business viability. The literature review highlights the positive impact of sustainable entrepreneurship on financial performance, market positioning, and employee satisfaction by examining key concepts, theoretical frameworks, and empirical evidence. Despite the evident benefits, entrepreneurs face barriers such as regulatory complexities, resource constraints, and a lack of awareness. Looking to the future, emerging trends like technology integration and circular economy adoption offer opportunities for forward-thinking entrepreneurs. Recommendations include continuous learning, stakeholder engagement, transparency, sustainable innovation, and educational initiatives. In conclusion, sustainable entrepreneurship emerges as a strategic business imperative, fostering a future where economic success aligns harmoniously with environmental and social responsibility.
Comparative review of big data analytics and GIS in healthcare decision-making
Authors: Odunayo Josephine Akindote  , Abimbola Oluwatoyin Adegbite  , Samuel Onimisi Dawodu  , Adedolapo Omotosho  , Anthony Anyanwu  , Chinedu Paschal Maduka
Published: December 2023

This research explores the confluence of big data analytics and Geographic information systems (GIS) in healthcare decision-making. The comparative review delineates the unique strengths of each technology, showcasing potential synergies. Big data analytics harnesses advanced analytics for predictive modeling and clinical decision support, while GIS introduces a spatial context for health data analysis. Future trends suggest integrations with artificial intelligence, real-time analytics, and wearable technology. However, challenges encompass data privacy, biases, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Ethical considerations emphasize transparency, informed consent, and the responsible use of patient data. As these technologies evolve, their seamless integration holds the promise of precision health, community-oriented interventions, and proactive pandemic response, reshaping the landscape of healthcare decision-making.
A study on spatial distribution of infectious diseases based on a normal Q-Q plot and GIS
Authors: Thi-Quynh Nguyen  , Thi-Tuyet Mai Nguyen  , Thi-Bich-Thuy Luong
Published: December 2023

Background: Distribution of infectiousdisease location based on Geographic Information System (GIS) is considered as an infrastructure in the field of health in formation managment and also known as a fundamental issue in the field of new tachnologies in police medicine. The aim of this article is to carry out a study on spatial distribution of infectious diseases based on a normal Q-Q plot and GIS. Case studies from hand, foot, mouth diseases (HFMD) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) will be illustrated in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam). Methods: The normal Q-Q plot was firstly constructed to study the distribution of HFMD and DHF cases and HFMD and DHF incidence. A GIS was then employed to map the spatial distribution of the HFMD and DHF incidence. Finally, the study results in Ho Chi Minh city was discussed and concluded. Results: It was found that (i) the observed values from HFMD/DHF cases were mostly not on the expected straight line of the normal distribution in the normal Q-Q plot (ii) The high HFMD/DHF infection rate were mainly concentrated in the center of the city. The highest infection rate area was found in District 1, followed by districts District 5, District 3, District 11 and District 11. Whereas, districts having low HFMD/DHF infection rates included District 9, Nha Be, Cu Chi and Can Gio. Conclusions: Findings in this study indicated that the combination of a normal Q-Q plot and a GIS is an effective tool to monitor and control the various infectious diseases.
The Effect of Conventional Semen, Sexed-Semen, and Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Rate in Holstein Dairy Cows
Authors: KOCA Davut , AKTAR Ahmet , TURGUT Ali Osman , SAĞIRKAYA Hakan , ALÇAY Selim
Published: December 2023

In this study, it was aimed to detect the effects of conventional semen, sexed-semen and embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in Holstein dairy
cows. In the study, a total of 139 healthy cows with the serum progesterone > 8 ng/ml were used as animal material. Estrus synchronization protocol
was applied and cows were divided into three different groups as conventional semen group (G1, n=46), sexed semen group (G2, n=47),
and embryo transfer group (G3, n=46) considering age, body condition score, lactation number, and body weight. Cows in G1 and G2 were
inseminated with conventional semen and sexed-semen, respectively. Embryo transfer was performed to cows in Group 3 (n=46) 7th day after
estrus. The embryos were transferred to recipients as freshly. Pregnancy examinations for the cows were conducted on the 30th and 60th days
of gestation. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed. Pregnancy rates were detected as %50, %46,8 and %69,56 in G1, G2,
and G3 respectively on 30th day. On 60th day, however, pregnancy rates were %45.60, %42.55 and %67.39 in G1, G2, and G3 respectively due
to embryonic losses. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the embryo transfer group (G3) compared to the conventional semen (G1)
and sexed-semen (G2) group (p<0.05) on both 30th and 60th days. There was no significant difference between G1 and G2 (p>0.05). Findings
led to the conclusion that higher serum progesterone level may increase pregnancy rate in cattle. In addition, it is evident that embryo transfer
has the potential for widespread use in the field of veterinary medicine in terms of genetic progress.
Examination of Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Units in the Scope of Deployment Directions
Authors: SÜALP Çetin , COŞGUN Nilay
Published: December 2023

Temporary houses are needed for the rehabilitation phase, which emerges a few weeks after the disaster and lasts until the finish of permanent houses. It is practically difficult to construct temporary houses in a short period. In particular, there are technical problems related to the logistics and installation speed. Therefore, the deployability feature, which can speed up the process, comes to the fore in this context. In this study, three examples with different deployment directions, which could be deployed in one, two and four directions, were examined regarding their capacity, storage and transportation, area per user and effective land utilization. Selected examples from the literature were compared according to the performances. As a result of this study, each example came to the fore in different performances. In this way, the advantages and disadvantages of each system were shown.
Introducing the Community Foodprint App: Co-creating sustainable future food habits and practicing socially beneficial design
Authors: Giunta Elena Enrica
Published: December 2023

The Community Foodprint app, developed by Studio SHIFT, is a
digital solution that helps track emissions along the food journey
and measures the positive impact of food recovery practices
that one can adopt as new habits. The project was created to
address the challenge of reducing the food chain‘s impact for
the Italian organisation PGS Frassati.
Metrics for Impact: Elevating design in the business landscape
Authors: Griffel Sandra , Junglas Susanne
Published: December 2023

The effective use of metrics is an important and still underutilised
way to elevate and clarify the role and ambitions of
service design. If we want our work to make a difference,
we need to make its impact on user experiences, business
success and the environment tangible in a nuanced way.
“Capaces de rendir trabajo útil”. Las mujeres en la política de colonización franquista
Authors: Cabezas Vega Laura
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo se analiza la realidad social de los pueblos de colonización creados durante el franquismo desde una perspectiva degénero. Partiendo de una aproximación a los discursos y repre- sentaciones generados en torno a la diferencia sexual en la nueva ruralidadfranquista, se toma como caso de estudio el poblado de El Torno (Cádiz, 1942). A través de la consulta de fuentes de archivo y de la historiaoral, se analizan cuestiones como la asignación de lotes de tierra o la creación de nuevos espacios proyectados por el Instituto Nacional deColonización. El estudio de la vivienda como lugar de aplicación de unos esquemas sociales determinados por el género permite lacomprensión de las contradicciones en las que cae el propio sistema. Se pone de relieve la importancia de las mujeres como agentes económicos fundamentales en los nuevos poblados, cuestión poco o nada analizada hasta ahora.
Exploring Chinese EFL pre-service teachers’ perceptions of self-directed professional development: The benefits and challenges disclosed
Authors: WANG YONGXIANG , WANG YONGLIANG
Published: December 2023

Teaching has long been regarded as a demanding and complicated job, in which teachers play a vital role. To be effective and successful in this profession, they need to constantly engage in professional development programs. However, such programs are mostly externally driven with teachers playing passive roles. Against this pitfall, self-directed professional development (SDPD) has recently captured the attention of educational researchers. Yet, the benefits and challenges of SDPD in pre-service programs are unknown in EFL contexts. To fill this gap, this study used a semi-structured interview with 50 Chinese pre-service teachers regarding their perceptions of this mode of professional development. The findings of thematic analysis obtained by MAXQDA software (v. 2022) revealed that the most frequent benefits of SDPD were being “needs-based” and “self-directed”, which, in turn, produce “flexibility”, “autonomy”, and “professional knowledge development” in teachers. Concerning the challenges in implementing SDPD, “lack of professional interaction/assistance” from external forces and being “labor-intensive” for teachers were posed most frequently by the participants. Despite these complexities, most of the Chinese pre-service teachers (82%) preferred self-directed and self-initiated PD given their potential and effectiveness. The study encourages EFL educators to revisit their perspectives, plans, and strategies regarding professionalism and professional development.
FUNDING INFORMATION. This study is a part of a research project on ‘The Training Mode of the Five-Year Bilingual International Talents under the Background of New Liberal Arts Construction’ supported by Nanjing Normal University’s New Liberal Arts Research and Reform Project in 2021.
Professional identity and psychological capital as determinants of EFL teachers’ burnout: the mediating role of self-regulation
Authors: FATHI JALIL , NADERI MILAD , SOLEIMANI HABIB
Published: December 2023

This study delves into the intricate web of relationships among professional identity, psychological capital, self-regulation, and burnout in a cohort of 434 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) educators. Employing validated measures and structural equation modeling, we unravel these critical connections. Professional identity emerges as a robust predictor, significantly linked to reduced burnout. Additionally, psychological capital exerts a positive influence on self-regulation, highlighting its significance within the EFL teaching context. Self-regulation, in turn, negatively impacts burnout. Mediation analysis solidifies the role of self-regulation: it partially mediates the relationship between professional identity and burnout and fully mediates the connection between psychological capital and burnout. This research deepens our comprehension of EFL teaching psychology and carries implications for both practitioners and policymakers.
Do emotional regulation behaviors matter in EFL teachers' professional development? A process model approach
Authors: LI SHENGJI , AKRAM HUMA
Published: December 2023

The effectiveness of pedagogical approaches to teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) can be enhanced by ensuring that teachers are in a psychologically sound state, allowing them to upgrade their professional skills. Emotional regulation (ER) is acknowledged as a key factor in enhancing one’s professional capabilities. However, research in this area is notably underdeveloped. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the utilization level and impact of ER strategies on EFL teachers’ professional development in Chinese higher educational institutions. The research used a survey approach, employing questionnaires as the primary means of data collection. The data was then analysed through structural equation modelling and a descriptive statistical approach. The findings provide evidence that EFL teachers effectively employ various ER strategies to navigate the challenges inherent in the classroom, underscoring their adaptability and resilience. Moreover, the study identified a significant relationship between the use of ER and EFL teachers’ professional development. These findings highlight the essential role of emotional regulation in the teaching journeys of EFL educators and underscore the importance of integrating emotional regulation training into teacher development programs.
FUNDING INFORMATION. This study is supported by the Education and Teaching Research Project of Henan Province, China (Grant No. 2022SYJXLX051), and the Education and Teaching Research Project of the International Cooperation and Exchange Division, Ministry of Education, China. (Grant No. (2023) No. 156).
The interplay between identity and emotion of young LOTE (languages other than English) teachers in their early careers: A sociocultural theory perspective
Authors: HE YANHUA , QIN LILI , CHEN HAORAN
Published: December 2023

There is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between teachers’ identities and emotions. The inconsistency may be explained by a one-way causal relationship or two-way support. However, from a sociocultural perspective, the two might dialectically influence each other. Furthermore, most studies on teacher identities have focused solely on teaching and research identities without considering their social service roles as well. Further, little is known about LOTE (Languages Other than English) teachers in higher education, and even less is known about younger novice teachers. To fill these gaps, this study included a survey of 843 young LOTE teachers and in-depth interviews with three respondents at universities to gain a deeper understanding of their identities and emotions. As a result, the interaction between the two variables in the teaching dimension was observed to have a more robust relationship. Teachers’ identities and emotions were inextricably linked in either a positive or negative manner. Specifically, a higher sense of identity and positive emotion correlated closely, whereas a lower sense of identity and negative emotion walked together. As a result of the weak sense of research identity, this relationship was evident in teaching and social service, de-emphasizing research. The present study provides additional evidence with respect to the dialectical relationship between teacher identity and teacher emotion.
FUNDING INFORMATION. The project has been primarily supported by Research Fund for Yunshan Outstanding Scholar, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (No. 2023RC031), the MOE Project at Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Shanghai International Studies University Peak Discipline (Linguistics) Construction Project (N0. 41004525/001), and Shanghai International Studies University Mentor Academic Leadership Program (N0. 2022113041).
The paper has also been supported by: An Empirical Study on the Impact of Public Sponsored Study Abroad on the Professional Development of University Teachers-Taking Guangdong as an Example (N0: GD22CJY10).
Gita Vadati
Authors: Shankar Sati , Bhatt Kavita
Published: December 2023

‘गीता वदति‘ नामक यह पुस्तक जनसामान्य हेतु श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता को व्यावहारिक, सरल और सारगर्भित ढंग से प्रस्तुत करने का विनम्र प्रयास है। पुस्तक की विषयवस्तु पर चर्चा करने से पूर्व श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता की ऐतिहासिक और औपदेशिक पृष्ठभूमि को समझना अनिवार्य है। भारतीय वांग्मय में मानव सभ्यता के चार युगों का वर्णन प्राप्त होता है- सत्, त्रेता, द्वापर और कलि युग। इन युगों के आदर्श व्यक्तित्व क्रमशः सत्यवादी राजा हरिश्चन्द्र, कर्त्तव्यनिष्ठ मर्यादा पुरुषोत्तम श्रीराम तथा धर्मसंस्थापक जगत्गुरु श्रीकृष्ण जैसे महापुरुष हुए। सर्वविदित है कि श्रीराम और श्रीकृष्ण को भगवान विष्णु का अवतार माना गया है। श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता भगवान श्रीकृष्ण द्वारा अर्जुन को दिए गए उपदेशों का व्यवस्थित स्वरूप है; इसीलिए इसे श्रीभगवान का गीत कहकर सम्बोधित किया गया। अतः इसका शीर्षक हुआ श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता; जिसे संक्षिप्त सम्बोधन में गीता कहा जाता है।
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION USING KAHOOT GAME IN VOCABULARY LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Darwis Nirwana , Amal Nur Ikhsan
Published: December 2023

In general, teaching and learning activities are mostly supported by books, the presentation of the materials by the teacher, and written or oral exercises. This type of learning method is monotonous. With technological developments and the internet as an educator, it is reasonable to utilize technology-based online learning applications, such as Kahoot. This research aims to find out the students' perceptions using Kahoot game in the vocabulary learning process. The participants of this research are XI Bahasa class students at MAN 1 BONE who have experienced using Kahoot. This qualitative research used questionnaire, interview, and documentation as instruments, purposive sampling technique was used to select participants to get data through interview. The results showed that Kahoot provides many positive impacts on students' learning. It was found that students perceive Kahoot as an online learning platform that increases interest, improves their vocabulary knowledge, and increases their motivation and enthusiasm which leads to active learning through flexible learning process. In addition, this research found difficulties that students experienced when using Kahoot, such as poor internet connection.
ONLINE AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR EFL STUDENTS
Authors: Mandarsari Pujainda
Published: December 2023

This qualitative case study investigates the use of online authentic materials in teaching English at SMPN 2 Tinambung . The study aims to identify the types of online authentic materials used, teachers’ perceptions of their use, and the challenges faced by teachers in using them. Two English teachers were selected using purposive sampling. The results show that teachers used various types of online authentic materials such as YouTube videos, Google pictures, online articles, online news, podcasts, and web short stories. The teachers perceived online authentic materials to be similar to face-to-face authentic materials, but with different media. They were able to adapt the materials based on their needs and purposes. However, they preferred face-to-face meetings due to fewer problems. Challenges in the implementation of online authentic materials included internet connection, classroom management, and language difficulty.
Pulse interval modulation of ultra-wideband chaotic radio pulses: theory and experiment
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str., 11, b.7, Kuzmin L.V. , Efremova E.V. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str., 11, b.7, Petrosyan M.M. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str., 11, b.7, Itskov V.V. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str., 11, b.7
Published: December 2023

An approach to reduce the negative impact of multipath signal propagation (interpulse interference) in a wireless communication channel has been proposed. Pulse-interval modulation of chaotic radio pulses allows to increase the time interval between pulses without reducing the average bitrate. The possibility of using this method in ultra-wideband microwave channels with multipath propagation is demonstrated. The noise immunity of the AWGN channel has been studied. An experimental implementation of the method is described.
МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ЕКОНОМІКО – МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПОТОЧНОГО СТАНУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Прокопенко Микола , Нестеренко Валентина , Тімров Олексій
Published: December 2023

УДК 330.5; JEL Classification: E 17

Прокопенко М.В., Нестеренко В.Ю. Тімров О.О. МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ЕКОНОМІКО – МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПОТОЧНОГО СТАНУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

Мета дослідження полягає у вивченні теоретичних аспектів процесу макроекономічного моделювання поточного стану національної економіки в сучасних умовах господарювання та розробки пропозицій щодо їх вдосконалення за допомогою раціонального поєднання даних національних рахунків та математико-статистичного прогнозування. Методика дослідження. Було розглянуто макроекономічний та статистичний аналіз, математичні середні, максимальні та граничні показники стану національної економіки, об’єднання статистичних показників, застосовано методи економетричного та статистичного моделювання. Результати дослідження. Основним завданням дослідження було вивчення теорії та практики застосування макроекономічних методів прогнозування стану національної економіки держави. Результатом дослідження є доведена можливість використання економіко - статистичних методів дослідження за умови підвищення якості статистичної інформації, та розгляд практичних аспектів застосування отриманих прогнозів. Для моделювання та доведення можливості побудови економіко-статистичної моделі національної економіки було розглянуто декілька класичних економетричних моделей. Наукова новизна. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в аналізі та розробці теоретико – практичних засад вирішення проблеми моделювання стану національної економіки за допомогою макроекономічних показників. Запропоновано методику аналізу теперішнього стану національної економіки держави за допомогою використання елементів економіко-статистичного аналізу даних національних рахунків. Практичне значення отриманих результатів. Отримані результати дослідження дають можливість визначити раціональне співвідношення макроекономічних показників національної економіки за допомогою економетричного моделювання. Практична сторона дослідження дозволяє на основі розробленого підходу макроекономічного моделювання стану національної економіки досягти максимальної ефективності економічної політики та сприятиме зростанню конкурентоспроможності держави на внутрішньому і міжнародному ринках.
БЕЗРОБІТТЯ ТА МІГРАЦІЯ ЯК ВИЗНАЧНІ МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНІ ФАКТОРИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Нестеренко Валентина , Деділова Тетяна , Прокопенко Микола
Published: December 2023

УДК 331.556.4; JEL Classification: J 61

Нестеренко В.Ю., Деділова Т.В., Прокопенко М.В. безробіття та міграція як визначні макроекономічні фактори соціально-економічного розвитку національної економіки україни

Мета. Дослідження впливу макроекономічних факторів безробіття та міграції на соціально-економічний розвиток національної економіки. Методика дослідження. В ході дослідження використовувалися методи аналізу і синтезу, метод логічного аналізу. Інформаційними ресурсами дослідження є спеціалізовані наукові видання і матеріали періодичних видань. Результати. Безробіття є одним з варіантів порушення макроекономічної рівноваги в національній економіці, яке відзначається дуже потужним впливом на загальні результати економічного розвитку країни та є характерним для деяких фаз економічного циклу. Великі обсяги безробіття можуть мати серйозні наслідки для національної економіки країни: зниження споживчого попиту, збільшення соціальних витрат, зменшення виробничого потенціалу, соціальні проблеми, зменшення інновацій, політичні наслідки. Окремі аспекти позитивного впливу безробіття на розвиток національної економіки: реалізація регулюючої функції, стимулювання інновацій, реорганізація ринку праці. Серед факторів, які потужно впливають на економічний розвиток України зараз також обов’язково слід розглядати міграцію населення, при чому, як в розрізі внутрішнього переміщення, так і в розрізі міграції працездатного населення України за кордон. Серед можливих наслідків внутрішньої міграції для економіки країни можна виокремити: вплив на ринок праці, вплив на ринок житла, вплив на суспільні послуги, економічна нерівність, розвиток регіональних економік, податки та бюджет. Наслідки міграції трудових ресурсів для країни-джерела праці наступні: втрати робочої сили та навичок, навантаження на соціальні служби, додаткові грошові потоки в економіку від трудових мігрантів, демографічні втрати. Наукова новизна. Сформовано перелік негативних та позитивних наслідків безробіття для соціально-економічного розвитку національної економіки. Проаналізовано вплив внутрішньої та зовнішньої міграції трудових ресурсів на розвиток України та її регіонів. Практична значущість. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані дослідниками, органами управління та місцевого самоврядування, власниками підприємств при визначенні ефективних засобів соціально-економічного розвитку національної економіки.
This Is Great, but Watch Out: The Effect of Risk and Reward Cues on Target Selection for Account Hijacking
Authors: Stibbe Danielle , Ruiter Stijn , Steenbeek Wouter , Moneva Asier
Published: December 2023

Account hijacking, the unauthorized access to online accounts, poses a significant security threat. The target selection process of this cybercrime is not well understood. This online field experiment investigated how risk and reward cues influence target selection for account hijacking in the context of a hacker forum. Following rational choice principles, we manipulated risk and reward cues in post titles featuring (fake) credential leaks across six credential types. We found that posts in the high-risk condition, which included warnings of potential account monitoring, received fewer views than those in the low-risk condition, while posts with high-reward cues, promising various account benefits, attracted more views than their low-reward counterparts. Similar patterns were observed for post replies and likes. These findings suggest that potential cyber-offenders act rationally when choosing a target for account hijacking. Furthermore, an unexpected law enforcement operation created a natural experiment interacting with our own. This operation triggered post removals and rejections of, specifically, high-risk posts on the hacker forum. This responsive removal continued but slowed over time, suggesting forum administrators adapt to real-life events, temporarily intensifying efforts to reduce perceived detection risks. These findings underscore the rational behavior of hacker forum administrators and their adaptation to changing circumstances.
Sweeter than Honey: Are Gmail accounts associated with greater rewards at a higher risk of hijacking?
Authors: Stibbe Danielle , Ruiter Stijn , Steenbeek Wouter , Moneva Asier
Published: December 2023

Objectives. This study investigates the effect of advertised rewards in credential leaks on the likelihood and speed of account hijacking.Methods. In an online field experiment, we created 176 honey Gmail accounts and randomly assigned them to eight different posts containing account credential leaks. We used a 2×2 experimental design, manipulating two key variables within the post titles: thenumber of accounts (5K or 1.5M) and the promise of access to additional platforms (absent or present). We then monitored the accounts for any subsequent activity.Results. Our findings indicate that the promise of access to additional platforms increased the likelihood and speed of an attempted access. Only 12 accounts were fully accessed, however, because most hijackers did not complete the second-factor authentication (2FA) process required for gaining full access. It seems that the 2FA acted as a deterrent to complete Gmail account hijacking.Conclusions. The study aligns with the rational choice perspective of crime, showing that the prospect of greater rewards leads to more attempted account accesses.
Modelling and explaining readiness to act against climate change by integrating individual and system-related behaviours
Authors: Betsch Cornelia , Geiger Mattis , Lehrer Lena , Sprengholz Philipp , Temme Hellen , Jenny Mirjam A.
Published: December 2023

Until now, behavioural science in the climate change field has focused mainly on understanding and changing individual behaviours. However, in order to broaden the spectrum of behaviours to acknowledge the need for systemic change, this paper introduces a novel model showing that a trait-like ‘readiness to act against climate change’ explains variation in a broad spectrum of behaviours: past individual high-emission behaviour, acceptance of climate change mitigation policies and political participation for societal change to mitigate climate change. The model underwent rigorous validation (N = 6,041) by psychometrically evaluating measurement instruments and testing the explanatory power of a comprehensive set of predictors, including perceived health risks, trust in institutions, social norms, perceived effectiveness of political measures, self-efficacy and knowledge. This contribution offers theoretical advancement, innovative measures bridging climate and social science, and a large dataset allowing recommendations on how to advance climate action.
Inducing Positive Involuntary Mental Imagery in Daily Life Using Personalized Photograph Stimuli
Authors: Bagheri  , Woud Marcella Lydia , Simon Jolina , Abdalla Lilah , Dombrowe Mats , Woinek Cem , Margraf Jürgen , Blackwell Simon Edward
Published: December 2023

Most people experience positive involuntary mental imagery (IMI) frequently in daily life, and this imagery is thought to play important functional roles. However, evidence for the importance and effects of positive IMI is largely indirect. The current study adapted a paradigm previously used to induce IMI in the lab with the aim of investigating whether it could also be used to experimentally induce positive IMI in participants’ daily lives. This could in turn provide a means to conduct direct experimental tests of the effects of positive IMI. In a within-subjects design, participants (N = 41) generated a series of positive mental images (imagery condition) and sentences (verbal condition) via combining pictures with positive word captions in the lab. Half of the pictures used were photos participants had taken from their own living environment. Participants then recorded involuntary memories of the previously generated images or sentences in a seven-day diary, before returning to the lab and completing some measures including an involuntary memory task. In the diary participants reported more involuntary memories from the imagery condition than from the verbal condition, and more involuntary memories from their own photos compared to the other photos. A more mixed pattern of findings was found across other tasks in the lab. The study indicates the paradigm can be used as a means to induce positive IMI, and that using photos as the basis for generating positive imagery increases the amount of IMI in daily life. Theoretical and potential clinical implications are discussed.
Leveraging Deep Neural Networks for Lucid Dream Communication via Two-Dimensional Electrooculography
Authors: Amo Victoria , Godt Nikolai , Leugering Johannes , Appel Kristoffer
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces a novel approach to lucid dream communication, leveraging electrooculographical signals for real-time, natural language messaging within dreams. Beyond traditional horizontal eye movement techniques, our methodology incorporates vertical eye movements, enhancing the expressive range of communication. Recognizing the potential for lucid dream communication in diverse settings, including home and laboratory environments with varying conditions, we explore two distinct approaches.Methodologically, we employ a grid system enabling dreamers to encode messages into eye gestures. We develop two Deep Neural Network models for classifying and decoding eye movement data. One model integrates a dynamic threshold algorithm with a convolutional neural network for gesture classification, while the other uses a static threshold algorithm and rate of change analysis for classification, followed by transformer-based decoding of grid-encoded natural language sentences. Tested in two pilot studies with awake participants, our setups exhibit promising results.In Pilot Study 1, we attained an average accuracy of 77.6% in classifying eye gestures across subjects. Pilot Study 2 demonstrates an average accuracy of 97.6% in classifying elementary gestures, sustaining a 90.3% average accuracy post-decoding, successfully recovering the original English language message in most cases. Our method exhibits an average eye typing speed of 19.7 characters per minute.Our results emphasize the practicality of real-time natural language dream communication, demonstrating its applicability in both laboratory and home settings. If successfully replicated during lucid dreaming states, this pioneering method holds the potential to pave the way for novel research on dreams, memory, and consciousness.
Study of Fiber Yielding Plants of Devchuli Municipality Ward no.13, Nawalparasi
Authors: Pokharel Pooja , Das Manoj Kumar Lal
Published: December 2023

Ethnobotany deals with the study of the use of plants by humans and the relation between humans and vegetations. The indigenous people around the world have established their own local knowledge on plant utility, management and conservation since time immemorial. It has attracted much attention in recent years. In Devchuli-13 (Daldale) area, local people depend on fiber yielding plants in their daily life because most of them do farming and rearing animals. These plants are mostly used while collecting fodder and dried tree branches from the near forest or pasture lands. The total of 52 fiber yielding plants species belonging to 45 genera and 24 families has been documented among them. Poaceae family with 17 species is largest. Large number of plant species found are herbs (about 39%) are herbs followed by trees, shrubs and climbers. Among these plant 21 species are mostly used by the local people. Most of these plants are used for making ropes baskets, mats followed by making brooms. The most common parts used are whole plant of herbs, stem/bark of trees (xylem, phloem, cortical fibers) while roots are very rarely used. Large number of highly valuable plants are reported which can improve the economic condition of people or creating the scope for small businesses. Documentation of ethnobotanical knowledge of traditional practices is gradually going to disappear from the elder to younger generations. So, proper documentation of fiber yielding plants with their economic value is very important. Addressing these set of skill is very important to eradicate the immerging problem of unemployment.
ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing Model to Forecast Average Annual Precipitation in Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Kafle Sarad Chandra , Hooda Ekta
Published: December 2023

Precipitation includes different kinds of moisture that fall from the sky to the Earth's surface, like rain, snow, sleet, hail, or drizzle. In places with flat terrain like Bharatpur, rainfall is the predominant form of precipitation. Therefore, in the plains of Nepal, most of the precipitation comes in the form of rainfall. Rainfall is a natural occurrence known for its unpredictable nature, making it difficult to predict accurately. However, there are statistical methods that can help forecast future rainfall using past data. This research focuses on developing a reliable forecasting model: Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing for the prediction of average annual precipitation in Bharatpur, Nepal. The primary objectives are to develop, compare, and identify the superior model between these two approaches. Utilizing average annual adjusted precipitation data (PRECTOTCORR) obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration website for the period 1990 to 2021, both the models were trained and validated using distinct training and test sets. The comparison of these models is based on the minimum Mean Squared Error criterion. The findings reveal that the ARIMA (1, 2, 1) model effectively predicts average annual precipitation in Bharatpur for future periods, outperforming the Exponential Smoothing Model. The results indicate that the time series model for the studied area differs from those of previously examined regions, highlighting the need for a model tailored to the specific characteristics of this region. The research provides valuable insights for stakeholders involved in water management and agricultural planning within the region. Accurate rainfall predictions, as demonstrated by the superior performance of the ARIMA model, can empower decision-making processes related to water resource management and agricultural planning. This, in turn, has the potential to enhance productivity and sustainability outcomes.
Avian urban ecology in Nepal: A call for attention
Authors: Bhusal Dinesh , Ghimire Prashant
Published: December 2023

Urbanization is increasing at an unprecedented rate, leading to changes in land use resulting in the loss of habitat for birds worldwide. Nevertheless, urban areas still support approximately 20% of the world's bird population. In Nepal, urbanization has been rapidly increasing in recent decades, yet little attention has been paid to urban biodiversity exacerbating the impact of urban expansion on threatened birds. In this perspective article, we explore studies on urban birds in Nepal to identify existing research patterns, discuss what has been known, outline gaps and pave immediate future interventions in studies of avian urban ecology in Nepal. There has been a significantly lower number of studies on urban birds in Nepal compared to neighbouring India and China in the last 10 years. Studies of urban birds in Nepal are at a very early stage focused on the diversity and richness in Kathmandu, Pokhara and Butwal with no baseline data for other major cities. Our understanding of bird homogenization or extinction as well as the effects of birds on cities, such as their rapid colonization and potential role as pests, may be limited by this dearth of knowledge about urban birds and biodiversity. Therefore, we have outlined future research opportunities in avian urban ecology in Nepal such as long-term bird surveys, interdisciplinary field of studies, diseases study, management of urban green spaces, avian adaptation to urban environments, colonization and extinction patterns in cities, and conflicts, challenges, and management strategies related to urban avian ecology. With this article, we call the immediate attention of scientists, urban planners, and related stakeholders to use birds as a model system to study urban environments which could be a good start in building a bird-friendly city.
Study on item analysis of multiple – choice questions amongst the undergraduate dental students
Authors: Lama Chhiring Palmu , Kharbuja Rabita , Karki Deepika , Dhungel Shaligram
Published: December 2023

Assessments are powerful tools for bringing on the achievement of educational goals and one of the tools for bringing it rightly is “item analysis.” Multiple - Choice Questions (MCQs) are one of the most common methods of assessing the knowledge capabilities of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students. The main objective of this study was to analyze the quality of MCQs and to assess the relationships of items having good difficulty and discrimination indices with their distracter efficiency. After getting an ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital a cross – sectional study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2022 to December 2022 in the Department of Human Anatomy of Nepal Medical College. The difficulty index (DIF I), discrimination index (DI) and distracter efficiency (DE) were calculated and analyzed. The results obtained revealed that the mean and standard deviation of DIF I, DI and DE were 56.75±22.6, 0.3±0.2 and 43.24±25.66 respectively. The items analyzed were neither too easy and nor too difficult (DIF I = 62.8%). The majority of items fulfilled the criteria of acceptable difficulty and good discrimination index and the maximum number of items were found to have 2 NFDs (DE = 33.33 %). The present study was hence undertaken as it assists to evaluate the MCQ items to discern its effectiveness in assessing the knowledge of students as well as it plays a vital role in developing a question bank having valid MCQs.