bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hair Cortisol Research in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - 10 Years of
Insights and Open Questions. A Systematic Review
Authors: Schindler-Gmelch Lena , Capito Klara , Steudte-Schmiedgen Susann , Kirschbaum Clemens , Berking Matthias
Published: August 2023

Background:

Cortisol is one of the most extensively studied biomarkers in the context of
trauma/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For more than a decade, hair cortisol concentrations
(HCC) have been measured in this context, leading to a two-staged dysregulation model. Specifically,
an elevated secretion during/immediately after trauma exposure eventually reverts to hyposecretion
with increasing time since trauma exposure has been postulated.

Objective:

The aim of our systematic review was to re-evaluate the two-staged secretion model with
regard to the accumulated diagnostic, prognostic, and intervention-related evidence of HCC in lifetime
trauma exposure and PTSD. Further, we provide an overview of open questions, particularly with respect
to reporting standards and quality criteria.

Method:

A systematic literature search yielded 5,046 records, of which 31 studies were included.

Results:

For recent/ongoing (traumatic) stress, the predictions of cortisol hypersecretion could be
largely confirmed. However, for the assumed hyposecretion temporally more distal to trauma exposure,
the results are more ambiguous. As most studies did not report holistic overviews of trauma history
and confounding influences, this may largely be attributable to methodological limitations. Data
on the prognostic and intervention-related benefits of HCC remain sparse.

Conclusion:

Over the last decade, important insights could be gained about long-term cortisol secretion
patterns following lifetime trauma exposure and PTSD. This systematic review integrates these insights
into an updated secretion model for trauma/PTSD. We conclude with recommendations for improving
HCC research in the context of trauma/PTSD in order to answer the remaining open questions.
Strychni Semen Combined with Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Attenuates
Rheumatoid Arthritis by Regulating Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin , Li Yuling , Lou Huihui , Yang Zidong , Wang Jing , Liang Xiaodong , Bian Yuejuan
Published: August 2023

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to joint pain and disability, and seriously impact patients' quality of life. Strychni Semen combined with Atractylodes Macrocephala koidz (SA) have pronounced curative effect on RA, and there is no poisoning of Strychni Semen (SS). However, its pharmacological mechanisms are still unclear.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of Strychni
Semen combined with Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz (SA) for the treatment of RA.

Methods:

We used network pharmacology to screen the active components of SA and predict the
targets and pathways involved. Results originating from network pharmacology were then verified
by animal experiments.

Results:

Network pharmacology identified 81 active ingredients and 141 targets of SA; 2640 disease-
related genes were also identified. The core targets of SA for the treatment of RA included
ALB, IL-6, TNF and IL-1β. A total of 354 gene ontology terms were identified by Gene ontology
(GO) enrichment analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment
analysis results showed that SA was closely associated with TNF signaling pathways in the
treatment of RA. Furthermore, according to the predicted results of network pharmacology, we
established a rat model of Adjuvant Arthritis (AA) for in vivo experiments. Analysis showed that
each treatment group led to an improvement in paw swelling, immune organ coefficient and synovial
tissue morphology in AA rats to different degrees, inhibit the expression levels of IL-1β,
TNF-α and IL-6, upregulated the levels of Fas, Bax and Caspase 3, down-regulated the expression
levels of Fas-L, Bcl-2 and p53.

Conclusion:

SA has an anti-RA effect, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of SA in
AA rats was related to the regulation of apoptosis signaling pathways
Role of Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine and as Feed Additive in Livestock
Authors: Saeed Saba , Afzal Gulnaz , Kiran Shumaila , Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz , Zeshan Haider Muhammad , Naz Saba
Published: August 2023

Nanotechnology is gaining more popularity in various applied fields due to
its versatile applications. Different world challenges, including pollution, resistance
against antibiotics, disorders in human/ animal digestive systems, contaminants of
feeds, health management & feed efficiency, etc., can be overcome by using
nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be used as antibiotics, as feed additives, and can also
be used against mycotoxin and as biocidal agents. The efficiency and productivity of
various items could be improved using multiple supplements like enzymes, yeast, plant
extracts, etc. Many efforts are going on to improve productivity and efficiency using
different supplements, such as yeast, enzymes, probiotics, and plant extracts.
Nanomaterials can effectively replace all. In this chapter, we will discuss various types
of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and their role in livestock as feed additives, pointing
out their level of toxicity as well. The current and future regarding the permissible
nanomaterials to be used in veterinary-related products will also be highlighted.
Pharmacological and psychotherapy pain management in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with depressive organic disorder patient
Authors: Tjoegito Regina Astari , Wardani Ida Aju Kusuma
Published: August 2023

Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or also called Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. ALL is strongly related to pain due to the nature of the disease where leucocyte cells infiltrate organs causing pain, and also due to some of its treatments which can cause pain as a side effect. Case report: A female patient, aged 45 years, consulted the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, sub-Palliative Department with a complaint of pain. The patient felt severe pain, intermittent but kept getting worse over time, with VAS of 7-8 causing her to feel weak and have difficulty sleeping, with a history of Paracetamol and Codeine as analgetic. When the pain peaked, the patient felt weak and sometimes crying for no reason. She became more emotional since her illness and she’s not an emotional person before. Patients also tend to get tired and lost enthusiasm in doing activities. Patient with anankastic personality character, acting out, and sublimation defense mechanism, was diagnosed with Organic Depressive Disorder (F06.32); ALL ECOG2, mild anemia, suspect CAD with differential diagnosis of ischemic due to supply & demand mismatch (anteroseptal ischemia), uterine mass et causa suspected leukemic infiltration with differential diagnosis of uterine myoma.
Gestão de riscos em arquivos proposição de um método para priorização de ações para o impedimento da perda do patrimônio documental
Authors: Menezes Priscila Lopes , Fidelis Reginaldo , Contani Eduardo Augusto do Rosário , Leão Meissane Andressa da Costa
Published: August 2023

In view of the recurring disasters,that put archival collections at risk,and the complex nature of addressing this issue, especially given the limited financial resources allocated to these sectors, we propose a method to assist managers of archival institutions or sectors in prioritizing actions to prevent the loss of documentary heritage and institutional memory. We utilized the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria method in conjunction with the integrated Fine-Mosler model to develop this method. The proposed approach is exemplified through the central archives of two public agencies. Our results demonstrate that this method is an effective tool for defining the order of priorities for preservation actions that must be taken for archival collections.
Properties of Bacterial Cellulose/Polyvinyl Composite Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Li ion Battery
Authors:   Research Center for Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong Gd. 442, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia, Sabrina Qolby , Kamilah Hilwa ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta 15412, Indonesia, Rina Ratri Christin ,   Research Center for Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong Gd. 442, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia, Lestariningsih Titik ,   Research Center for Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong Gd. 442, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia, Ahmiatri Saptari Sitti ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta 15412, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

High ionic conductivity and porous properties of material play important role as a solid polymer electrolyte in Li ion battery application. In this study, a bacterial cellulose (BC)- based polymer was modified with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Blending the polymer host is one more approach to work on the morphology pore and electrochemical properties of polymer electrolytes. The slurry of BC is rich of fibers that contribute to forming of the pore template for solid electrolyte membrane. Polyvinyl act as material to creating pore and increases the polymer segmental ion lithium mobility. Pore morphology of BC-PVA and -PVP composite membrane homogeneously distributed by SEM observations. The presence of many pores makes the tensile strength of the BC PVA membrane lower. For solid electrolytes purposes, it does not affect battery performance but has a greater possibility for battery lifetime. The presence of pores contributes to the absorption of electrolytes membranes. In addition, enhancement of the conductivity upon addition of salt is correlated to the enhancement of pores from solid polymer electrolyte. The conductivity of BC-PVA composite is reported 8.7 x 10-5 Scm-1 , and this ion conductivity is slightly higher than conductivity in BC-PVP 8.4 x 10-7 Scm-1 at room temperature. In the future, BC-PVA can be applied for solid electrolyte membranes material based on cellulose.
Comparison of Fabrication Technique and Carrier Oil to Curcumin Nanoemulsion Properties
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Ningsih Zubaidah , Puspita Dewi Syaiful Sepriana ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Lucia A.D. Lestari Maria ,   Department of Pharmaceuticals Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Mardiana Diah ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Kamulyan Budi ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is included in the rhizome plant containing curcumin which has various therapeutic properties. However, curcumin has poor bioavailability. The manufacture of nanoemulsion is expected to increase curcumin bioavailability. This study aims to compare 3 methods (wet-ball milling, ultrasonication and microfluidic) and 3 carrier oils (soybean, virgin coconut, and olive oil) in the production of curcumin nanoemulsion. Wet-ball milling reduces particle size through grinding process using milling beads in liquid medium. Microfluidic decreases the particle size via collision of emulsion components in microchannel while ultrasound utilizes sound-wave energy to break down the particle size. Parameters compared were particle size, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency. Particle size and polydispersity index were observed using Particle Size Analyzer with Dynamic Light Scattering technique while entrapment efficiency was measured based on the curcumin absorbance in UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 420 nm. Our study concludes that microfluidic is the most effective and efficient fabrication method which produces the smallest particle size and polydispersity index compared to ultrasonication and microfluidic. The resulting particle sizes using microfluidic are 154, 140 and 132 nm with polydispersity index of 0.224; 0.200 and 0.208 in soybean, virgin coconut, and olive oil respectively. However, entrapment efficiency is best achieved using wet-ball milling method with the average value of 49±10%. Soybean oil appears to be the most curcumin solubilizing oil compared to olive and virgin coconut oil. Thus, it can be concluded that fabrication methods and carrier oils determine curcumin nanoemulsion properties.
Potential Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extract, Ethyl Acetate, and n-Hexane Fraction from Clitoria ternatea L. on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line and Molecular Docking Study to P53
Authors:   Pharmacy Program, The Faculty of Science and Technology, Ma Chung University, Malang, Indonesia, Rollando Rollando , Anggita Amelia Marsha ,   Pharmacy Program, The Faculty of Science and Technology, Ma Chung University, Malang, Indonesia, Hilmi Afthoni Muhammad ,   Pharmacy Program, The Faculty of Science and Technology, Ma Chung University, Malang, Indonesia, Rega Prilianti Kestrilia ,   Informatic Program, The Faculty of Science and Technology, Ma Chung University, Malang, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

Breast cancer is a condition where the cells in breast tissue lose control and multiply uncontrollably. In this study, MCF-7 breast cancer cells were tested for cytotoxic activity using the MTT assay and the active compound's interaction with the p53 protein was tested in silico. The most active fraction was found to be the ethyl acetate fraction, with an IC50 value of 1.730 μg/mL and a selectivity index of 2.485. However, the selectivity index was less than 3, and Vero cells showed changes in morphology with the addition of the ethyl acetate fraction. GC-MS was used to identify 19 compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction, and in-silico tests were performed on 5 potential anticancer compounds. Lipinski's Rule of Five test showed that only 3 of these compounds could undergo molecular docking. The results indicated that Anethole compound can interact with p53 protein, while Cinnamaldehyde, (E)- can interact with p21 protein.
REGULAÇÃO E MERCADOS ASIÁTICOS
Authors: Ragazzo Carlos , Tourinho Vanessa
Published: August 2023

Este trabalho buscou explorar os motivos por trás do crescimento do mercado asiático de fintechs, durante o ano de 2022 e o primeiro trimestre de 2023, período no qual o contexto macroeconômico global não era propício a investimentos de risco. Em um primeiro momento, buscou-se identificar os fatores que os investidores observam para investir no mercado de fintechs, como a existência de uma regulação favorável, a existência de um mercado financeiro estável e a capacidade de inovação. Em seguida, buscou-se explorar se as medidas em prol da resiliência do mercado financeiro e o pioneirismo regulatório dos países da região asiática poderiam explicar a maior atratividade destes mercados no atual contexto macroeconômico de elevadas taxas de juros. Ao final, buscou-se fornecer uma percepção inicial sobre os motivos por trás do crescimento asiático de fintechs no contexto macroeconômico global pouco propício para investimentos de risco.
Developing the MathSci 21st app: Enhancing higher-order thinking skills assessment in mathematics and science education within an Islamic context
Authors: Zulfiani Zulfiani , Suwarna Iwan Permana , Muin Abdul , Mulyati Tita , El Islami R. Ahmad Zaky
Published: August 2023

The innovation of digital assessment holds profound potential for enhancing educational quality. To measure higher-order thinking skills, intrinsic to effective problem-solving in science and mathematics education, and to cultivate digital literacy, a specialized platform is imperative. This study delineates the developmental trajectory of the MathSci 21st app, designed to assess mathematics and science proficiency within the Islamic context. Emphasizing the pivotal role of higher-level thinking skills in the contemporary landscape, the research method unfolds across distinct phases: Akker (preliminary research), prototype stage (prototyping), summative evaluation, and systematic reflection and documentation. This article confines its focus to preliminary research and prototype stages. The validation of the application prototype engaged a panel of ten experts, while a controlled trial encompassed 32 high school students and one educator. Utilizing observation sheets, questionnaires, and tests as research tools, comprehensive data analysis was executed employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Research outcomes affirm the feasibility of the Prototype MathSci 21st app, an Android-based competency assessment tool characterized by its integrated and contextual dimensions. Android-based applications not only heighten efficiency and efficacy but also exhibit environmental conscientiousness by reducing paper usage. Additionally, their user familiarity augments acceptability. Significantly, the MathSci 21st app expedites assessment, empowering educators to provide prompt feedback and expedite future learning analysis. This study pioneers a digital assessment paradigm tailored to intricate higher-order thinking skills, thereby addressing critical educational imperatives in mathematics and science within the Islamic milieu.
Anomalous hysteresis loops of ferrimagnetic Gd-Co films of different thickness near the magnetic compensation temperature
Authors: Rusalina A. S.  , Lepalovskij V. N.  , Stepanova E. A.  , Vas’kovskiy V. O.  , Kurlyandskaya G. V.  , Svalov A. V.
Published: August 2023

Triple hysteresis loops were observed for amorphous ferrimagnetic Gd-Co films near the magnetic compensation temperature, which can be a consequence of both the spin-flop transition and the chemical composition gradient. In the work, an assessment of the possible chemical inhomogeneity of the films based on magnetic measurements was carried out and its relationship with the thickness of the samples was observed. Keywords: amorphous magnetic films, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, ferrimagnetism, magnetic domain structure, magnetic hysteresis.
Oxygen distribution in the structure of YBa-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Cu-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-7-delta-=/SUB=- thin films after vacuum exposure at 300 K
Authors: Il’in A. I.  , Ivanov A. A.  , Egorov V. K.
Published: August 2023

We have found out that vacuum exposure of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin epitaxial films at 300 K for 24 hours decreases oxygen content and induces changes in their crystal structure depending on the films synthesis conditions. YBa2Cu3O7-delta films on SrTiO3 (100) substrates were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. The crystal structure was studied using XRD technique. Additional maxima of diffraction peak (005) before and after vacuum exposure indicate the presence of regions with different oxygen content; and the change in the shape of the rocking curves indicate a change in the crystallites orientation. After vacuum exposure, the oxygen deficiency delta in the films increased from ~0.01 to ~0.6 for films with a crystallites size of 2-10 nm and from ~0.25-0.35 to ~0.6 for crystallites size of 500-1000 nm. The appearance of a residual resistance after the superconducting transition in the dependence R(T) may be explained by the fact that oxygen loss mainly in the boundary regions of the crystallites takes place, so that their boundaries become dielectric, while the crystallites themselves remain superconductive. Based on the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as resistive measurements, we have come to the conclusion about oxygen loss through grain boundaries in films with nanocrystallites of 2-10 nm in size, and also through structural defects in films with larger crystallites. Keywords: pulsed laser deposition, surface relief, transport characteristics of films, film evolution, SrTiO3.
Simple spin-reorientation model for rare-earth orthoferrites and orthochromites
Authors: Vasinovich E. V.  , Moskvin A. S.
Published: August 2023

A simple theory of spontaneous spin reorientation in rare-earth orthoferrites RFeO3 and orthochromites RCrO3 induced by 4f-3d-interaction is presented. It is shown that both the temperature and the nature of the spin reorientation are the result of the competition between the second- and fourth-order spin anisotropy of the 3d-sublattice, the crystal field for 4f-ions, and also the 4f-3d interaction. A case of the substitution of the rare-earth ions with a non-magnetic impurity is also considered. Keywords: spin reorientation, 4f-3d interaction, weak ferromagnetism, orthoferrites, orthochromites.
Frequency dependence of the spin mixing conductance of YIG|Pt structures upon MSSW spin pumping
Authors: Nikulin Yu. V.  , Vysotsky S. L.  , Seleznev M. E.  , Kozhevnikov A.V.  , Sakharov V. K.  , Dudko G. M.  , Khivintsev Yu. V.  , Filimonov Y. A.
Published: August 2023

Spin pumping by traveling magnetostatic surface waves (MSSW) has been experimentally investigated in YIG|Pt structures made on the basis of 0.9, 4, 8, 14 and 18 μm thick YIG epitaxial films. It is found that at frequencies corresponding to the van Hove singularities in the density of states of the MSSW spectrum of the structure, the EMF value generated due to the inverse spin Hall effect increases. This increase is associated with an increase in the spin mixing conductance of the YIG|Pt interface due to an increase in the efficiency of electron-magnon scattering at the frequencies of van Hove singularities in the spin wave spectrum. Keywords: spintronics, spin transport, spin waves, magnon density of states.
Influence of the Elastically Stressed State of Interfaces on the Magnetoelectric Properties of Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Layered Structures
Authors: Sharko S. A.  , Serokurova A. I.  , Novitskii N. N.  , Poddubnaya N. N.  , Ketsko V. A.  , Stognij A. I.
Published: August 2023

In the layered ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structures in the form of cobalt, nickel or permendur layer on a ferroelectric substrate of lead zirconate titanate obtained by ion-beam sputtering --- deposition, relative strains due to mismatch of crystal lattices of mating materials at the metal/substrate in-terface make a more noticeable contribution to the magnetoelectric response than those associated both with the magnetostriction of the ferromagnetic layer and with the piezoelectric effect of the ferroelectric substrate. The structures obtained are characterized by the thermal stability and reproducibility of magnetoelectric characteristics and can be used as converters of magnetic and electrical quantities, for example, in magnetic field sensors and actuators. Keywords: Ion beam sputtering --- deposition, ion beam planarization, ferromagnetic/ferroelectric interface, layered structures, magnetoelectric effect.
Numerical simulation of the behavior of enstatite up to 1.4 TPa
Authors: Maevskii K. K.
Published: August 2023

An accurate description of the effect of extreme pressure and temperature on the physical properties of materials is required to understand the structure and composition of the mantle of the Earth and similar planets. One of such materials is enstatite MgSiO3, which causes increased interest in the investigating of its behavior under intense dynamic loads. It is proposed to consider the shock-wave loading of enstatite as a mixture of quartz oxides SiO2 and MgO periclase in an equal stoichiometric ratio based on experimental data in which decomposition of magnesium silicates was observed. Calculations are performed using a thermodynamically equilibrium model that takes into account the phase transitions of the components. Phase transitions of SiO2 and MgO are taken into account when modeling high-energy effects on enstatite. The results are compared with the data obtained on the basis of shock-wave loading experiments, as well as with calculations based on the PREM model performed based on the results of seismic exploration. Keywords: equation of state, phase transitions, quartz oxide, periclase oxide, enstatite.
SiC thermal conductivity: calculation of the isotope effect from first principles
Authors: Chernodoubov D. A.  , Inyushkin A. V.
Published: August 2023

The thermal conductivity temperature dependence kappa(T) of a hexagonal 2H-SiC silicon carbide crystal was calculated using the first-principle approach for the orientation of the heat flux in the basal plane and along the hexagonal axis c in the temperature range from 100 to 500 K. The effect of silicon and carbon isotopic disorder on thermal conductivity is considered. It was found that, at a temperature of 300 K, the thermal conductivity of isotopically pure 2H-SiC containing 100% 28Si and 100% 12C is higher by 15.2% and 12.4% for directions along and across the basal plane, respectively, than that of crystals with a natural composition of silicon and carbon isotopes. For crystals with a natural mixture of carbon isotopes textnatC, the isotope effect for silicon is 14.5% and 11.9% for these directions. Keywords: single crystal, thermal conductivity, silicon carbide, first principle calculation.
Heat balance method of computing the cooling modes of large-sized optics in vacuum
Authors: A.V. Zavatskaya  , Y.A. Rezunkov
Published: August 2023

The heat balance method is developed to optimize cooling modes of large-sized optics in a special cryogenic-vacuum system by considering a complicated heat transfer in the system to minimize the optics thermal deformations. Keywords: radiative heat transfer, conductive heat transfer, heat balance, thermostat, collimator.
On the importance of thermal resistances of the cooling system when choosing a thermoelectric module
Authors: Vasil’ev E.N.
Published: August 2023

Calculations and analysis of the energy characteristics of the cooling and thermal control system are carried out, taking into account the operating characteristics of the thermoelectric module, thermal resistances of heat supply and removal devices, and parameters of the cooled object. The cooling efficiency is compared when using two serial thermoelectric modules with different power. It is shown that a significant factor affecting the efficiency of cooling is the thermal resistance of the devices for supplying and removing heat. Criteria are defined that allow choosing a thermoelectric module for a cooling and thermal control system. Keywords: thermoelectric cooling system, heat exchanger, coefficient of performance, cooling capacity.
The lower hybrid frequency range wave emission in the ohmic discharge of the FT-2 tokamak
Authors: Dyachenko V. V.  , Altukhov A. B.  , Gurchenko A. D.  , Gusakov E. Z.  , Esipov L. A.  , Konovalov A. N.  , Lashkul S. I.  , Popov A. Yu.
Published: August 2023

The paper presents observations of plasma intermediate frequency range wave emission ((200--1000) MHz) performed in ohmic discharge of the FT-2 tokamak. The dependencies of the RF signal amplitude and spectrum on the plasma parameters and on the location of the probes are presented. Two possible explanations for this effect is proposed. One of them is related to the distortion of the electron distribution function due to the strong ripple of the magnetic field in the FT-2 tokamak. Second one is related to the existence of a beam of run-away electrons, the buildup of a fan instability responsible for the generation of synchrotron radiation in the range (10-80) GHz, and a complex chain of nonlinear decay instabilities leading to such a strong decrease in the frequency of the observed oscillations. Keywords: tokamak, lower hybrid current drive, high frequency oscillations, parametric decay instabilities.
The effect of chemical-mechanical processing of silicon wafers on their surface morphology and strength
Authors: V.A. Kozlov  , V.I. Nikolaev  , V.V.  Shpeizman  , R.B. Timashov  , A.O. Pozdnyakov  , S.I. Stepanov
Published: August 2023

The mechanical strength of various silicon wafers with a thickness of 100 μm has been studied, depending on the methods of their preparation and the modes of their subsequent grinding or polishing, including chemical-mechanical (HMP). The plates were loaded using the ring-to-ring method, the magnitude of stresses and deflection under the small ring was determined by the finite element method. For all the samples studied, the profiles and roughness parameters of the plates were obtained by stylus profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) when scanning the surface along the baseline and over the area. A direct correlation was found between the strength of the plates and the characteristic parameters of their surface profile (the average values of the magnitude and period of fluctuations in the height of the irregularities). Keywords: silicon wafer, strength, chemical-mechanical polishing treatment, surface morfology.
Influence of the corona discharge on the formation of the diffractive holographic gratings in the As-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-60-x-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=- films
Authors: A.M. Nastas  , M.S. Iovu  , A.M. Prisacar  , G.M. Triduh  , V.D. Prilepov  , A.L. Tolstik  , I.V. Stashkevich
Published: August 2023

The influence of the corona discharge on the holographic recording and the subsequence chemical etching of the recording holographic gratings in the Cr/As40S60-xSex thin film structures was investigated. It was established that applied of the positive corona discharge leads to the increase of the holographic sensitivity during the recording in the As-S-Se films, as well as to the amplification of the diffraction efficiency of the recording gratings and of the relief-phase diffractive gratings obtaining in the result of the consecutive chemical etching. Among the investigated films of the As40S60-xSex system, the best results on the application of the Argon laser irradiation (488 nm) was obtaining for the composition As40S39Se21. Applied of the corona discharge bring to the increase of the holographic sensitivity more than up two order, and of the diffraction efficiency about three order in the respect of the of the ordinary recording. Reciprocally was reached a amplification of the diffraction efficiency of the relief diffraction gratings formed in the result of the sequent chemical etching up to 30%. Keywords: chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors, holographic diffractive grating, corona discharge, diffraction efficiency, selective etching.
Reciprocity relations for mechanically induced spin currents in metals in a nonlinear regime
Authors: Ignatjev V.K.
Published: August 2023

In the Markov relaxation and locally quasi-equilibrium distribution approximation, analogues of Onzager's relations for the response functions of the spin current in the nonlinear by intense mechanical and thermodynamic effects regime were obtained by the Kubo method. Keywords: locally quasi-equilibrium distribution, spin Hamiltonian, spin current, nonlinearity, reciprocity, streintronics, spin caloritronics, Peltier spin effect, Zeebeck spin effect.
Sistema de medición del color como parámetro de calidad en la industria de alimentos
Authors: Valdes Restrepo Magda , Delgado Ospina Johannes , Londoño-Hernández Liliana , Rodríguez Restrepo Robert Augusto
Published: August 2023

Color is one of the main characteristics that allows to establish the quality of food. Technically, it is defined as a mental response to the stimulus that a visible radiation produces in the retina that is transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve, so it is closely related to the nervous system and thus, this attribute in food marks the preference of an individual. Given its importance, different systems have been developed to objectively measure color in food, evaluating the changes obtained in a product due to processing and storage, determining, among other things, its shelf life. Considering the above, this review is presented with the objective of recognizing the main methods for determining color of food, and its applications in the food industry.
Perubahan Makna pada “Dictionary of Covid-19 Terms: English – French – Arabic” Terbitan Alesco 2020 (Kajian Semantik)
Authors: Setiyawan Agus
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini berusaha untuk membedah istilah – istilah tentang Covid-19 yang tercantum dalam Dictionary of Covid-19 Terms: English – French – Arabic (Mu’jam Mustalahat Covid-19: Injlizi – Faransi – Araby), sebuah kamus elektronik yang diterbitkan oleh ALESCO (Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization). Dikarekan sebuah bahasa sangat berhubungan erat dengan fenomena, tentu fenomena sebesar Pandemi Covid-19 punya dampak yang besar terhadap perkembangan bahasa. Istilah – istilah mulai digunakan untuk penamaan, baik gejala maupun tindakan. Dalam hal ini, penanggung jawab urusan budaya Liga Arab, ALESCO (Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization) menerbitkan sebuah kamus untuk menghimpun istilah – istilah yang berkaitan dengan Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif – deskriptif dengan pendekatan semantic change ala Mukhtar Umar, dengan menelusuri asal muasal istilah secara leksikal untuk dihubungkan dengan konteks Covid-19. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah, bahwa istilah – istilah yang ada dalam kamus ini bukanlah produksi kata baru, melainkan kata lama yang dilabeli dengan makna baru, 90% dari istilah-istilah tersebut mengalami bentuk perluasan makna, sedangkan sisanya mengalami penyempitan dan pergeseran makna.
A Corpus-Based Study on the Chinese Translation of Run Away from the Perspective of Androgyny
Authors: Cuiping Hao , Xuefei Cao
Published: August 2023

Run Away, the collection of eight short stories written by Nobel laureate Alice Munro examines the lives of Canadian women throughout the last century. As a female writer’s novels, it inevitably flashes valuable female consciousness. From the perspective of androgyny, this thesis will explore the gender awareness in Li Wenjun’s Chinese version on the lexical level by investigating corpus data and analyzing specific cases. This study holds that male translators with androgynous perspectives could cross the gender border and translate from other gender’s perspective to make feminine elements visible.
Real-Time Sewage Manhole Monitoring System
Authors: Dhivya  , Sreerambabu  , Riyaz Mohammed , Kalidasan
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Monitoring thе sеwagе systеm is vital to maintain thе clеanlinеss of thе city. Bеcausе of thе inconsistеncy of thе sеwеragе systеm drains arе cloggеd. Cloggеd sеwеrs arе thе primary rеasons for flooding and pollution in thе sеwеr systеm. Thеy might bе involvеd in an accidеnt if thе workеrs do not know what is going on at thе sеwеr holе. Thе manholе has bееn usеd as a point of contact for thе sеwеr systеm. If a blockagе is not clеarеd, watеr from thе sеwеrs flows through thе manholеs. As long as thе blockagе is not addrеssеd, thе watеr from thе sеwеr flows through thе manholеs, raising thе tеmpеrs of pеdеstrians and vеhiclе drivеrs. It's also dangеrous to have tiltеd manholе covеrs, which can lеad to accidеnts. To ovеrcomе thеsе problеms, thе systеm is еquippеd with a wirеlеss sеnsor. Thе proposеd modеl includеs a systеm to monitor watеr lеvеls, atmosphеric tеmpеraturе, and prеssurе insidе thе manholе, to chеck whеthеr thе manholе lid is opеn or damagеd, and to dеtеrminе thе lеvеl of harmful gasеs. It will sеnd a WhatsApp alеrt to thе connеctеd mobilе dеvicеs of authorizеd pеrsons rеmotеly locatеd at work whеrе lеvеls arе highеr than a thrеshold. With thе hеlp of livе vidеo strеaming, blockagеs can bе monitorеd if thеy arе еncountеrеd. The corе of this systеm is an IoT-basеd, low-powеr portablе dеvicе installеd undеr thе manholе covеr. Thе systеm will bеnеfit thе public in addition to lowеring thе risk of accidеntal dеath for pеoplе who manually clеan sеwеrs.
A Review on Activated Carbon: Preparation, Characterization and Applications
Authors: M. Mamatha
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Charcoal has been used as an adsorbent material since ancient times. Its activation enhances the adsorbing capacity of the carbon and multiplies it manyfold. Activated carbon has proven to be very useful for removing impurities such as toxic metals, heavy metals, corrosive products, colour, odour, toxins, etc. from water, soil, air, the human body, and so on. The use of activated carbon is unlimited and dates back to very ancient times. It is cited in medicines and purification processes in Vedic and Egyptian literature. This paper describes in detail the various materials used by many researchers for the preparation of activated carbon. The other important parameters that are discussed in the paper are activating agents, activation temperature, carbonization, effect of various parameters, characterization techniques, etc. The paper also deals with the applications of activated carbon described by many authors in the purification and removal of impurities from various industrial effluents. The use of agro wastes as precursors for activated carbon material is mainly emphasized in the present study to make the material cheap and the purification process cost-effective.
Manifestaciones de violencia en las protestas sociales en Bogotá, D. C.: una lectura desde la convivencia.
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Molina Garzón Alba Luz , Cardoso González Rodrigo ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Serrador Osorio Luis Enrique ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: August 2023

Para la Policía Nacional, es de interés analizar las transformaciones que se están forjando en la protesta social; por ello, esta investigación se propone como objetivo plantear una acción institucional de respuesta a las nuevas manifestaciones del fenómeno del vandalismo, durante las protestas sociales, mediante la evaluación de los impactos en la convivencia ciudadana y la identificación de nuevos desafíos en la actividad y el servicio de policía, para fortalecer las capacidades institucionales. El método empleado fue cualitativo-descriptivo. Los hallazgos de la investigación están relacionados con la naturaleza híbrida y compleja del vandalismo, sus causas diversas que abarcan elementos de influencia internacional, las conflictividades sociales, la polarización y el empleo de las vías de hecho por grupos radicales anarquistas. Asimismo, se realiza una caracterización del vandalismo a nivel de su estructura, método, actores, intereses y el impacto negativo en la seguridad y convivencia, que permite establecer como conclusión que no se está ante un fenómeno espontáneo, sino ante un comportamiento colectivo cada vez más organizado y con una intencionalidad de generar caos y miedo. Finalmente, se presentan los desafíos para la Institución y propuestas para afrontar escenarios de alta con-flictividad social y violencia.
Percepción de la seguridad ciudadana en Colombia: La protesta social, ¿manifestación de partidos políticos o descontento social?
Authors:   Legal & Tierras Consultores SAS, Martínez Goyeneche Jesús Antonio , Rojas Guevara Jorge Ulises ,   Research Center Working Dogs®, Gallego Betancourth Martha Lucía ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Fernández Osorio Andrés Eduardo ,   Ejército Nacional de Colombia, Cervantes Estrada Luis Carlos ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Rubio David ,   Universidad Nacional Abierta y A Distancia, Villaizon Castro Erika ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: August 2023

La violencia ha sido protagonista infortunada de la protesta social, alentada por las redes sociales. Objetivos: 1) analizar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios de la imagen de la Policía Nacional de Colombia en convivencia y seguridad, el Escuadrón Móvil Antidisturbios con relación a la protesta social. Método: encuestas ponderadas: empleando 80 preguntas, además, se correlacionaron los datos anteriormente obtenidos que midieron la participación en la acción colectiva y si está influenciada por las tres orientaciones del sistema político (reglas, roles y valores), correlacionando con un modelo de regresión logística del alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: El 90,75 % de ellos consideran que no debería existir el ESMAD, ni acudir ninguna forma de autoridad. Las variables que influyen en el poder político estadísticamente significativas (p < .001) se encuentran la seguridad, el uso de la fuerza y los derechos humanos. Asimismo, los valores y roles, tanto para los estudiantes de instituciones privadas y públi-cas, también fueron estadísticamente significativos. Discusión: existe un sesgo informativo en la protesta social, con operación de justicia precaria y sin apoyo ciudadano. Conclusiones: el sesgo informativo alimentado por algunos grupos políticos que emplean las redes sociales para ganar adeptos, necesitando otros estudios asociados con la cultura, los valores y el fortalecimiento del aparato ju-dicial, aumentando las penas, el rechazo social y la garantía de la protesta social.
Entre la historiografía y la opinión pública: los miembros del Centro de Historia de Santander ante el pretendido cuarto centenario del Socorro, Santander (1939)
Authors: Pico Cruz Óscar Andrés
Published: August 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo es indagar las características del debate suscitado por la propuesta de conmemoración del cuarto centenario de El Socorro (Santander, Colombia) en 1939. En este sentido, se identificaron dos dimensiones en las que se desarrolló dicha discusión: la opinión pública y la historiografía institucional de las academias de historia. Por consiguiente, la dimensión pública se estudió a través de la prensa y los actos oficiales, mientras que la dimensión historiográfica se trabajó a partir de documentación del Centro de Historia de Santander (CHS). Se identificó que la argumentación varió entre ambos contextos, a pesar de que participaron las mismas personas. En consecuencia, planteamos que para el espacio público se adoptaron argumentos que apelaron a la memoria y la justicia de la conmemoración, mientras que, en el interior del CHS, el debate estuvo marcado por su carácter disciplinar historiográfico y la alusión a la verdad histórica.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Berbagai Level Onggok Sebagai Perekat Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Wafer Ransum Komplit Berbasis Jerami Jagung
Authors: Mastur Aria mastur rahmadan , Akmal Akmal , Murni Rasmi
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui level terbaik penggunaan onggok dalam pembuatan wafer ransum komplit berbasis jerami jagung (WRKJJ) dinilai dari kualitas fisik wafer. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu: WRKJJ-3 (Ransum komplit menggunakan 3% onggok), WRKJJ-6 (Ransum komplit menggunakan 6% onggok), WRKJJ-9 (Ransum komplit menggunakan 9% onggok), dan WRKJJ-12 (Ransum komplit menggunakan 12% onggok) masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Peubah yang diamati yaitu kadar air, berat jenis, kerapatan bahan, wafer durability indeks, dan daya serap air. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Ragam (ANOVA) dan diuji Polinomial Orthogonal (PO) untuk mengetahui level optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan berbagai level onggok sebagai perekat tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kadar air (38,14%-40,36%), berat jenis (0,75 g/ml-0,77 g/ml), kerapatan wafer (0,22 g/cm3-0,24 g/cm3), dan  daya serap air (182%-195%) namun berpengaruh nyata (P<0,005) terhadap wafer durability indeks (38,61%-92,99%) dengan persamaan y = -0.5869x2 + 14.694x + 0.489. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan level onggok 9% merupakan level terbaik untuk berat jenis dan kadar air wafer, penggunaan level onggok 12% merupakan level terbaik untuk daya serap air wafer dan penggunaan level ongok 12,5% merupakan level terbaik untuk wafer durability indeks.

 

Kata kunci: Jerami Jagung, Level Onggok, Wafer Ransum Komplit, Sifat Fisik
Subtitusi Ampas Jagung Pada Konsentrat Ayam Pejantan Terhadap Konversi Pakan Dan IOFC
Authors: Hadiani Dimas Pratidina Puriastuti , Kustiyorini Tri Ida Wahyu , Leuwerung Megawati
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konversi pakan dan IOFC pada penggunaan ampas jagung sebagai bahan subtitusi pada konsentrat ayam pejantan. Materi yang digunakan adalah ayam pejantan sejumlah 30 ekor umur 30 hari dengan rata-rata bobot badan 500 gram. Metode yang digunakan adalah percobaan lapang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah PO ( konsentrat 100 % ), P1 ( konsentrat 90 % dan ampas jagung 10 % ) dan P2 ( konsentrat 80 % dan ampas jagung 20 % ). Variabel yang diamati adalah konversi pakan dan Income Over Feed Cost ( IOFC ). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, jika menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subtitusi  ampas jagung memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata ( P < 0,01 ) terhadap konversi pakan dan Income Over Feed Cost ( IOFC ) ayam pejantan dengan nilai terbaik pada P1 untuk konversi pakan yaitu 1,67 dan Income Over Cost ( IOFC ) Rp. 16.019. Kesimpulan yang didapat  bahwa substitusi ampas jagung pada konsentrat terhadap ayam pejantan dengan ampas jagung 10 % memberikan nilai terbaik pada konversi pakan dan Income Over Feed Cost
Karakteristik Kimia Yoghurt dengan Penambahan Sari Wortel (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Purba Dina Ayu Theresia Purba , Mega Olfa , Musnandar Endri
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas kimia yoghurt dengan penambahan sari wortel. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, Perlakuannya adalah  yoghurt dengan penambahan sari wortel (PSW): 0%PSW), 15%PSW, 20%PSW  dan 25%PSW. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah pH, asam laktat,  kadar protein, lemak, dan air. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam, hasil analisis yang berpengaruh nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan sari wortel berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar asam laktat dan kadar protein, berpengaruh nyata  (P<0,05) terhadap nilai pH dan kadar lemak, namun penambahan sari wortel tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kadar air yoghurt. Kadar asam laktat pada perlakuan 25%PSW (0,39%) sangat nyata lebih tinggi dari 20%PSW (0,35%), 15%PSW (0,33%) dan 0%PSW (0,31%), sedangkan penambahan sari wortel sangat nyata menurunkan kadar protein yoghurt.  Kadar protein masing-masing perlakuan adalah 0%PSW (2,45%), 15%PSW (2,29%), 20%PSW (1,77%) dan 25%PSW (1,71%). Nilai pH dan kadar lemak yoghurt juga turun dengan penambahan sari wortel. Nilai pH terendah pada perlakuan 20%PSW  yaitu 4,10 dan kadar lemak terendah pada perlakuan 25%PSW (4,28%). Kadar air yoghurt yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini berkisar antara 81,10-81,70%. Penambahan sari wortel sampai 25% pada pembuatan yoghurt   menurunkan nilai pH, kadar protein, dan kadar lemak, meningkatkan kadar asam laktat dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar air yoghurt.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD THE DOMINANT USE OF ENGLISH AS A MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION AT A UNIVERSITY IN JAMBI
Authors: Oktavia Eka Rizki , Wulandiri Bunga Ayu , Abrar Mukhlash , Heryanti Reny
Published: August 2023

The purposes of this qualitative research were to know what the students perceive, difficulties and students' strategies to overcome challenges listening to lecturers who use mainly English as a medium of instruction. In doing this research, the researcher used a basic interpretive approach. There were 10 participants participated in this research. Data collection techniques are by using interviews. The results of the research showed that the researcher found there is some student who agrees with using English and agree with the terms and condition. The result also indicated that two themes of difficulties were identified, including internal (lack of vocabulary and lack of knowledge) and external (lecturer accents, and lecturer's attitude). This result also revealed that there were three identified students’ strategies to overcome challenges listening to lecturers who mainly use English as a medium of instruction, including self-management (practice, reading the material before learning, less noise or distraction), asking for help (asking friends and asking lecturer),  and the benefits of technology (listening to music, opening google translate, and opening dictionary)
 
Keywords: Student, perceptions, Dominant, English, University