bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic development and residential water consumption in Chile
Authors: Fercovic Juan , Foster William , Melo Oscar
Published: November 2018

A better understanding of the relative importance of factors related to climate change and to changes associated with economic growth would serve to inform water policy and to focus scarce public resources on anticipated problems arising from distinct sources of changes in water demand. This article investigates the determinants of residential water consumption in Chile, a developing country that has seen noteworthy changes in incomes, household size, poverty rates and levels of urbanization, and which is projected to experience significant climatic but varied changes, depending on the region of the country. Panel data for 1998-2010 at the municipal level is used to analyze the sensitivity of residential water demand to climate and development-related factors. In the case of Chile, the effect on water consumption of these development-related changes is estimated to be several times that of the changes associated with climate projections for 50 to 80 years in the future.
FINANCIAL FIRM PRODUCTION OF INSIDE MONETARY AND CREDIT CARD SERVICES: AN AGGREGATION THEORETIC APPROACH
Authors: Barnett William A. , Su Liting
Published: November 2018

A monetary production model of financial firms is employed to investigate supply-side inside-money aggregation, augmented to include credit card transaction services. Inside money is a supply-side concept. Financial firms are conceived to produce monetary and credit card transaction services as outputs through financial intermediation. While credit cards provide transactions services, credit cards have never been included into measures of the money supply. The reason is accounting conventions, which do not permit adding liabilities to assets. However, index number theory measures service flows and is based on microeconomic aggregation theory, not accounting. We derive theory needed to measure the supply of the joint services of credit cards and inside money, needed to estimate the output supply function and to compute value added. The data needed for empirical implementation of our theory are available online from the Center for Financial Stability in New York City.
Partners in Crime: An Empirical Evaluation of the CIA Rendition, Detention, and Interrogation Program
Authors: Schmidt Averell , Sikkink Kathryn
Published: November 2018

In the years following the attacks of 9/11, the CIA adopted a program involving the capture, extraordinary rendition, secret detention, and harsh interrogation of suspected terrorists in the war on terror. As the details of this program have become public, a heated debate has ensued, focusing narrowly on whether or not this program “worked” by disrupting terror plots and saving American lives. By embracing such a narrow view of the program’s efficacy, this debate has failed to take into account the broader consequences of the CIA program. We move beyond current debates by evaluating the impact of the CIA program on the human rights practices of other states. We show that collaboration in the CIA program is associated with a worsening in the human rights practices of authoritarian countries. This finding illustrates how states learn from and influence one another through covert security cooperation and the importance of democratic institutions in mitigating the adverse consequences of the CIA program. This finding also underscores why a broad perspective is critical when assessing the consequences of counterterrorism policies.
The Politics of Attributing Blame for Cyberattacks and the Costs of Uncertainty
Authors: Schulzke Marcus
Published: November 2018

Attribution is one of the most serious challenges associated with cyberattacks. It is often difficult to determine who launched an attack and why, which hinders efforts to formulate appropriate responses. Although the attribution problem has been discussed extensively in research on cybersecurity, it is generally approached as a technical challenge for security professionals and politicians. I contend that it is vital to take the attribution problem beyond this elite focus by considering how attributional challenges can interfere with the public’s efforts to understand security challenges and evaluate government actions. Faced with uncertainty and the confusion of attempting to understand novel cyber threats, citizens frequently lack the information they need to reliably identify the culprits behind attacks—or sometimes even to know whether an attack has taken place. I show that attributional uncertainty immediately following cyberattacks encourages dependence on a narrow range of elite frames and the assignment of blame to familiar enemies. Over time this promotes conspiratorial thinking and poses a risk to democratic accountability. When seen in light of these broader costs, the attribution problem becomes a vital political concern with implications that reach beyond the scope of elite-focused cybersecurity research.
Democratic Backsliding and Academic Freedom in Hungary
Authors: Enyedi Zsolt
Published: November 2018

The Hungarian government’s discriminatory actions against the Central European University constitute one of the most prominent conflicts between an academic institution and a government today. My contribution gives a detailed account of how the conflict has unfolded so far. Various frameworks of interpretation, including democratic backsliding, cultural war, and international politics are discussed. I place the story of the university in the context of the polarized cultural climate of Eastern Europe and draw attention to the power of universities in collaborating across borders in defense of academic freedom—and freedom in general.
A Discussion of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’sHow Democracies Die
Authors: Bunce Valerie
Published: November 2018

Among the many scholarly attempts to reckon with the causes and consequences of Donald Trump’s rise, few have attracted popular attention on the scale of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’sHow Democracies Die.Seldom do books by political scientists make it onto theNew York Timesbest sellers list, but this one has, a testament to its broad influence. Levitsky and Ziblatt situate Trumpism within a broader comparative and historical context in order to assess its similarities to and differences from democratic breakdowns elsewhere, particularly in Europe and Latin America. Their broad argument is that modern slides into authoritarianism are not the result of revolutions or military coups, but rather the consequence of a steady erosion of political norms and the assault on such fundamental democratic institutions as an independent judiciary and a free press. In short, contemporary democracies die not as a result of men with guns attacking from outside the system, but rather because elected leaders from inside that system slowly undermine them. Judged from this standpoint, the authors argue that American democracy is now in real danger, and they offer a range of suggestions for saving it. How convincing is Levitsky and Ziblatt’s analysis of democratic breakdown, and how well does it apply to the American case? How useful are the solutions that they offer for rescuing American democracy? We have asked a range of prominent scholars from across the discipline to consider these questions in the present symposium.
A Discussion of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’s How Democracies Die
Authors: Connolly William E.
Published: November 2018

Among the many scholarly attempts to reckon with the causes and consequences of Donald Trump’s rise, few have attracted popular attention on the scale of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’s How Democracies Die. Seldom do books by political scientists make it onto the New York Times best sellers list, but this one has, a testament to its broad influence. Levitsky and Ziblatt situate Trumpism within a broader comparative and historical context in order to assess its similarities to and differences from democratic breakdowns elsewhere, particularly in Europe and Latin America. Their broad argument is that modern slides into authoritarianism are not the result of revolutions or military coups, but rather the consequence of a steady erosion of political norms and the assault on such fundamental democratic institutions as an independent judiciary and a free press. In short, contemporary democracies die not as a result of men with guns attacking from outside the system, but rather because elected leaders from inside that system slowly undermine them. Judged from this standpoint, the authors argue that American democracy is now in real danger, and they offer a range of suggestions for saving it. How convincing is Levitsky and Ziblatt’s analysis of democratic breakdown, and how well does it apply to the American case? How useful are the solutions that they offer for rescuing American democracy? We have asked a range of prominent scholars from across the discipline to consider these questions in the present symposium.
A Discussion of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’sHow Democracies Die
Authors: Pérez-Liñán Aníbal
Published: November 2018

Among the many scholarly attempts to reckon with the causes and consequences of Donald Trump’s rise, few have attracted popular attention on the scale of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’sHow Democracies Die.Seldom do books by political scientists make it onto theNew York Timesbest sellers list, but this one has, a testament to its broad influence. Levitsky and Ziblatt situate Trumpism within a broader comparative and historical context in order to assess its similarities to and differences from democratic breakdowns elsewhere, particularly in Europe and Latin America. Their broad argument is that modern slides into authoritarianism are not the result of revolutions or military coups, but rather the consequence of a steady erosion of political norms and the assault on such fundamental democratic institutions as an independent judiciary and a free press. In short, contemporary democracies die not as a result of men with guns attacking from outside the system, but rather because elected leaders from inside that system slowly undermine them. Judged from this standpoint, the authors argue that American democracy is now in real danger, and they offer a range of suggestions for saving it. How convincing is Levitsky and Ziblatt’s analysis of democratic breakdown, and how well does it apply to the American case? How useful are the solutions that they offer for rescuing American democracy? We have asked a range of prominent scholars from across the discipline to consider these questions in the present symposium.
Colonial American Paper Money and the Quantity Theory of Money: An Extension
Authors: Grubb Farley
Published: November 2018

The quantity theory of money is applied to the paper money regimes of seven of the nine British North American colonies south of New England. Individual colonies, and regional groupings of contiguous colonies treated as one monetary unit, are tested. Little to no statistical relationship, and little to no magnitude of influence, between the quantities of paper money in circulation and prices are found. The quantity theory of money does not explain the value and performance of colonial paper monies well. This is a general and widespread result, and not a rare and isolated phenomenon.
Novel upregulation of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by microRNA-346 via targeting of APP mRNA 5′-untranslated region: Implications in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Long Justin M. , Maloney Bryan , Rogers Jack T. , Lahiri Debomoy K.
Published: November 2018

In addition to the devastating symptoms of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of the processing products of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide precursor protein (APP). APP’s non-pathogenic functions include regulating intracellular iron (Fe) homeostasis. MicroRNAs are small (~ 20 nucleotides) RNA species that instill specificity to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In most cases, RISC inhibits mRNA translation through the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) sequence. By contrast, we report a novel activity of miR-346: specifically, that it targets the APP mRNA 5′-UTR to upregulate APP translation and Aβ production. This upregulation is reduced but not eliminated by knockdown of argonaute 2. The target site for miR-346 overlaps with active sites for an iron-responsive element (IRE) and an interleukin-1 (IL-1) acute box element. IREs interact with iron response protein1 (IRP1), an iron-dependent translational repressor. In primary human brain cultures, miR-346 activity required chelation of Fe. In addition, miR-346 levels are altered in late-Braak stage AD. Thus, miR-346 plays a role in upregulation of APP in the CNS and participates in maintaining APP regulation of Fe, which is disrupted in late stages of AD. Further work will be necessary to integrate other metals, and IL-1 into the Fe-miR-346 activity network. We, thus, propose a “FeAR” (Fe, APP, RNA) nexus in the APP 5′-UTR that includes an overlapping miR-346-binding site and the APP IRE. When a “healthy FeAR” exists, activities of miR-346 and IRP/Fe interact to maintain APP homeostasis. Disruption of an element that targets the FeAR nexus would lead to pathogenic disruption of APP translation and protein production.
A pilot study of the clinical evidence for the methodology for prevention of oral mucositis during cancer chemotherapy by measuring salivary excretion of 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Kumagai Akiko , Iijima Shin , Nomiya Takayuki , Furuya Izuru , Ohashi Yu , Tsunoda Koichi , Onodera Kei , Tsunoda Naoko , Komatsu Yuko , Hirano Taifu
Published: November 2018

Objective to re-examine measures to prevent oral mucositis caused by drugs in head and neck cancer patients during cancer treatment by measuring salivary excretion of 5-fluorouracil. Saliva, blood, and urine were simultaneously collected from oral cancer patients and breast cancer patient at the point in time of before, during, and after the administration of 5-FU, then the 5-FU levels of the samples were quantitatively analysed using LC-MS/MS. In all patients, the 5-FU levels in saliva and serum peaked at 30 min to 3 h after the start of 5-FU treatment, and high levels were maintained throughout the administration of the drug. With regard to urinary 5-FU levels, they remained high from 3 to 120 h after the start of 5-FU treatment. After the completion of 5-FU treatment, even though it not appeared in the patients’ serum and urine promptly, 5-FU was detected in saliva at 12 h after the completion of 5-FU treatment in one oral cancer patient and at 48 h after the completion of 5-FU treatment in the breast cancer patient. It was suggested that the level of hydration after the completion of chemotherapy may be involved in the differences in 5-FU excretion.
Genome-wide meta-analysis implicates mediators of hair follicle development and morphogenesis in risk for severe acne
Authors: Petridis Christos , Navarini Alexander A. , Dand Nick , Saklatvala Jake , Baudry David , Duckworth Michael , Allen Michael H. , Curtis Charles J. , Lee Sang Hyuck , Burden A. David , Layton Alison , Bataille Veronique , Pink Andrew E. ,   The Acne Genetic Study Group, Alexandroff Anton , Anstey Alex , Azad Jaskiran , Aziz Omar , Burrows Nigel , Butt Aamir , Cartwright Peter , Chapman Anna , Clayton Timothy H. , Cliff Sandeep , Cutler Tim , Daly Brigid , Darvay Amrit , DeGiovanni Claudia , Downs Anthony , Dwyer Colm , English John , Ferguson Adam , Fleming Colin , Fraser-Andrews Elizabeth , Goodfield Mark , Grattan Clive E. , Hempel Hartmut , Hood Sue , Hughes Bronwyn , Ladoyanni Evmorfia , Lyon Calum , Mahmud Ali , Malik Moshin , Mallon Eleanor , Meggitt Simon , Messenger Andrew , Moosa Yaaseen , Munn Stephanie , Ormerod Anthony , Rallan Deepak , Ross Janet , Salvary Ingrid , Wachsmuth Rachel , Wahie Shyamal , Walton Shernaz , Walsh Sarah , Williamson Diane , Willis Carolyn , Carlavan Isabelle , Voegel Johannes J. , Spector Timothy D. , Trembath Richard C. , McGrath John A. , Smith Catherine H. , Barker Jonathan N. , Simpson Michael A.
Published: November 2018

Acne vulgaris is a highly heritable common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin for which five genetic risk loci have so far been identified. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of 3823 cases and 16,144 controls followed by meta-analysis with summary statistics from a previous study, with a total sample size of 26,722. We identify 20 independent association signals at 15 risk loci, 12 of which have not been previously implicated in the disease. Likely causal variants disrupt the coding region of WNT10A and a P63 transcription factor binding site in SEMA4B. Risk alleles at the 1q25 locus are associated with increased expression of LAMC2, in which biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause the blistering skin disease epidermolysis bullosa. These findings indicate that variation affecting the structure and maintenance of the skin, in particular the pilosebaceous unit, is a critical aspect of the genetic predisposition to severe acne.
Main-chain mutagenesis reveals intrahelical coupling in an ion channel voltage-sensor
Authors: Infield Daniel T. , Matulef Kimberly , Galpin Jason D. , Lam Kin , Tajkhorshid Emad , Ahern Christopher A. , Valiyaveetil Francis I.
Published: November 2018

Membrane proteins are universal signal decoders. The helical transmembrane segments of these proteins play central roles in sensory transduction, yet the mechanistic contributions of secondary structure remain unresolved. To investigate the role of main-chain hydrogen bonding on transmembrane function, we encoded amide-to-ester substitutions at sites throughout the S4 voltage-sensing segment ofShakerpotassium channels, a region that undergoes rapid, voltage-driven movement during channel gating. Functional measurements of ester-harboring channels highlight a transitional region between α-helical and 310segments where hydrogen bond removal is particularly disruptive to voltage-gating. Simulations of an active voltage sensor reveal that this region features a dynamic hydrogen bonding pattern and that its helical structure is reliant upon amide support. Overall, the data highlight the specialized role of main-chain chemistry in the mechanism of voltage-sensing; other catalytic transmembrane segments may enlist similar strategies in signal transduction mechanisms.
Efficient labeling and imaging of protein-coding genes in living cells using CRISPR-Tag
Authors: Chen Baohui , Zou Wei , Xu Haiyue , Liang Ying , Huang Bo
Published: November 2018

The lack of efficient tools to image non-repetitive genes in living cells has limited our ability to explore the functional impact of the spatiotemporal dynamics of such genes. Here, we addressed this issue by developing a CRISPR-Tag system using one to four highly active sgRNAs to specifically label protein-coding genes with a high signal-to-noise ratio for visualization by wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Our approach involves assembling a CRISPR-Tag within the intron region of a fluorescent protein and then integrating this cassette to N- or C-terminus of a specific gene, which enables simultaneous real-time imaging of protein and DNA of human protein-coding genes, such as HIST2H2BE, LMNA and HSPA8 in living cells. This CRISPR-Tag system, with a minimal size of ~250 bp DNA tag, represents an easily and broadly applicable technique to study the spatiotemporal organization of genomic elements in living cells.
Cis interaction between sialylated FcγRIIA and the αI-domain of Mac-1 limits antibody-mediated neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Saggu Gurpanna , Okubo Koshu , Chen Yunfeng , Vattepu Ravi , Tsuboi Naotake , Rosetti Florencia , Cullere Xavier , Washburn Nathaniel , Tahir Suhail , Rosado Aaron M. , Holland Steven M. , Anthony Robert M. , Sen Mehmet , Zhu Cheng , Mayadas Tanya N.
Published: November 2018

Vascular-deposited IgG immune complexes promote neutrophil recruitment, but how this process is regulated is still unclear. Here we show that the CD18 integrin Mac-1, in its bent state, interacts with the IgG receptor FcγRIIA incisto reduce the affinity of FcγRIIA for IgG and inhibit FcγRIIA-mediated neutrophil recruitment under flow. The Mac-1 rs1143679 lupus-risk variant reverses Mac-1 inhibition of FcγRIIA, as does a Mac-1 ligand and a mutation in Mac-1’s ligand binding αI-domain. Sialylated complex glycans on FcγRIIA interact with the αI-domain via divalent cations, and this interaction is required for FcγRIIA inhibition by Mac-1. Human neutrophils deficient in CD18 integrins exhibit augmented FcγRIIA-dependent recruitment to IgG-coated endothelium. In mice, CD18 integrins on neutrophils dampen IgG-mediated neutrophil accumulation in the kidney. In summary,cisinteraction between sialylated FcγRIIA and the αI-domain of Mac-1 alters the threshold for IgG-mediated neutrophil recruitment. A disruption of this interaction may increase neutrophil influx in autoimmune diseases.
Charge transfer drives anomalous phase transition in ceria
Authors: Zhu He , Yang Chao , Li Qiang , Ren Yang , Neuefeind Joerg C. , Gu Lin , Liu Huibiao , Fan Longlong , Chen Jun , Deng Jinxia , Wang Na , Hong Jiawang , Xing Xianran
Published: November 2018

Ceria has conventionally been thought to have a cubic fluorite structure with stable geometric and electronic properties over a wide temperature range. Here we report a reversible tetragonal (P42/nmc) to cubic (Fm-3m) phase transition in nanosized ceria, which triggers negative thermal expansion in the temperature range of −25 °C–75 °C. Local structure investigations using neutron pair distribution function and Raman scatterings reveal that the tetragonal phase involves a continuous displacement of O2− anions along the fourfold axis, while the first-principles calculations clearly show oxygen vacancies play a pivotal role in stabilizing the tetragonal ceria. Further experiments provide evidence of a charge transfer between oxygen vacancies and 4f orbitals in ceria, which is inferred to be the mechanism behind this anomalous phase transition.
Antibiotic sensitivity reveals that wall teichoic acids mediate DNA binding during competence in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Mirouze Nicolas , Ferret Cécile , Cornilleau Charlène , Carballido-López Rut
Published: November 2018

Despite decades of investigation of genetic transformation in the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the factors responsible for exogenous DNA binding at the surface of competent cells remain to be identified. Here, we report that wall teichoic acids (WTAs), cell wall-anchored anionic glycopolymers associated to numerous critical functions in Gram-positive bacteria, are involved in this initial step of transformation. Using a combination of cell wall-targeting antibiotics and fluorescence microscopy, we show that competence-specific WTAs are produced and specifically localized in the competent cells to mediate DNA binding at the proximity of the transformation apparatus. Furthermore, we propose that TuaH, a putative glycosyl transferase induced during competence, modifies competence-induced WTAs in order to promote (directly or indirectly) DNA binding. On the basis of our results and previous knowledge in the field, we propose a model for DNA binding and transport during genetic transformation in B. subtilis.
Widespread bacterial lysine degradation proceeding via glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate
Authors: Knorr Sebastian , Sinn Malte , Galetskiy Dmitry , Williams Rhys M. , Wang Changhao , Müller Nicolai , Mayans Olga , Schleheck David , Hartig Jörg S.
Published: November 2018

Lysine degradation has remained elusive in many organisms including Escherichia coli. Here we report catabolism of lysine to succinate in E. coli involving glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate as intermediates. We show that CsiD acts as an α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalysing hydroxylation of glutarate to L-2-hydroxyglutarate. CsiD is found widespread in bacteria. We present crystal structures of CsiD in complex with glutarate, succinate, and the inhibitor N-oxalyl-glycine, demonstrating strong discrimination between the structurally related ligands. We show that L-2-hydroxyglutarate is converted to α-ketoglutarate by LhgO acting as a membrane-bound, ubiquinone-linked dehydrogenase. Lysine enters the pathway via 5-aminovalerate by the promiscuous enzymes GabT and GabD. We demonstrate that repression of the pathway by CsiR is relieved upon glutarate binding. In conclusion, lysine degradation provides an important link in central metabolism. Our results imply the gut microbiome as a potential source of glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate associated with human diseases such as cancer and organic acidurias.
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for co-utilization of d-galacturonic acid and d-glucose from citrus peel waste
Authors: Protzko Ryan J. , Latimer Luke N. , Martinho Ze , de Reus Elise , Seibert Tanja , Benz J. Philipp , Dueber John E.
Published: November 2018

Pectin-rich biomasses, such as citrus peel and sugar beet pulp, hold promise as inexpensive feedstocks for microbial fermentations as enzymatic hydrolysis of their component polysaccharides can be accomplished inexpensively to yield high concentrations of fermentable sugars and d-galacturonic acid (d-galUA). In this study, we tackle a number of challenges associated with engineering a microbial strain to convert pectin-rich hydrolysates into commodity and specialty chemicals. First, we engineer d-galUA utilization into yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Second, we identify that the mechanism of d-galUA uptake into yeast is mediated by hexose transporters and that consumption of d-galUA is inhibited by d-glucose. Third, we enable co-utilization of d-galUA and d-glucose by identifying and expressing a heterologous transporter, GatA, from Aspergillus niger. Last, we demonstrate the use of this transporter for production of the platform chemical, meso-galactaric acid, directly from industrial Navel orange peel waste.
The impact of immune response on endochondral bone regeneration
Authors: Longoni A. , Knežević L. , Schepers K. , Weinans H. , Rosenberg A. J. W. P. , Gawlitta D.
Published: November 2018

Tissue engineered cartilage substitutes, which induce the process of endochondral ossification, represent a regenerative strategy for bone defect healing. Such constructs typically consist of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) forming a cartilage template in vitro, which can be implanted to stimulate bone formation in vivo. The use of MSCs of allogeneic origin could potentially improve the clinical utility of the tissue engineered cartilage constructs in three ways. First, ready-to-use construct availability can speed up the treatment process. Second, MSCs derived and expanded from a single donor could be applied to treat several patients and thus the costs of the medical interventions would decrease. Finally, it would allow more control over the quality of the MSC chondrogenic differentiation. However, even though the envisaged clinical use of allogeneic cell sources for bone regeneration is advantageous, their immunogenicity poses a significant obstacle to their clinical application. The aim of this review is to increase the awareness of the role played by immune cells during endochondral ossification, and in particular during regenerative strategies when the immune response is altered by the presence of implanted biomaterials and/or cells. More specifically, we focus on how this balance between immune response and bone regeneration is affected by the implantation of a cartilaginous tissue engineered construct of allogeneic origin.
Tandem fluorescence and Raman (fluoRaman) characterisation of a novel photosensitiser in colorectal cancer cell line SW480
Authors: Gala de Pablo Julia , Chisholm David R. , Steffen Andreas , Nelson Amanda K. , Mahler Christoph , Marder Todd B. , Peyman Sally A. , Girkin John M. , Ambler Carrie A. , Whiting Andrew , Evans Stephen D.
Published: November 2018

A novel photosensitiser, DC473, designed with solvatochromatic fluorescence and distinct Raman signal, is detected with tandem fluoRaman in SW480 cells.
Subsecond detection of guanosine using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Cryan Michael T. , Ross Ashley E.
Published: November 2018

We present the first electrochemical characterization of guanosine, a purinergic neuromodulator and neuroprotector, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes.
Cellular deoxyribonucleic-acid probes of two-photon-excited fluorescent quinolinium-substituted carbazole
Authors: Feng Yanru , Chi Shuheng , Zhao Yanli , Zhang Yunjie , Wu Yiqun
Published: November 2018

Three new quinolinium-carbazole derivatives as deoxyribonucleic-acid probes irradiated with near-infrared-light have been designed and synthesized.
An aptamer based voltammetric biosensor for endotoxins using a functionalized graphene and molybdenum disulfide composite as a new nanocarrier
Authors: Yuan Yonghua , Li Linlin , Zhao Min , Zhou Jing , Chen Zhihui , Bai Lijuan
Published: November 2018

This work describes a label-free aptasensor for highly sensitive endotoxin detection using a functionalized graphene and molybdenum disulfide composite for amplification.
An exceptionally stable Zr-based fluorescent metal–organic framework for highly selective detection of pH
Authors: Wu Shun-Hua , Wang Shu , Fang Wen-Le , Guo Xiao-Feng , Wang Hong
Published: November 2018

UiO-67-bpydc was synthesized as pH sensor for specifically sensing pH in bodyfluids matrix, based on the protonation of bipyridine group.
Photoactivatable platinum anticancer complex can generate tryptophan radicals
Authors: Vallotto Claudio , Shaili Evyenia , Shi Huayun , Butler Jennifer S. , Wedge Christopher J. , Newton Mark E. , Sadler Peter J.
Published: November 2018

l-Tryptophan (Trp), melatonin (MLT) and the Trp-peptide pentagastrin quenched the formation of azidyl radicals generated on irradiation of the anticancer complextrans,trans,trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)2] with visible light, giving rise to C3-centred indole radicals which were characterized for Trp and MLT using an EPR spin-trap.
An iminodibenzyl–quinoxaline–iminodibenzyl scaffold as a mechanochromic and dual emitter: donor and bridge effects on optical properties
Authors: Pashazadeh Ramin , Pander Piotr , Bucinskas Audrius , Skabara Peter J. , Dias Fernando B. , Grazulevicius Juozas V.
Published: November 2018

Dual emission (TADF + RTP) and mechanochromism have been obtained using an iminodibenzyl–quinoxaline–iminodibenzyl scaffold.
Cyclopentannulation and cyclodehydrogenation of isomerically pure 5,11-dibromo-anthradithiophenes leading to contorted aromatics
Authors: Bheemireddy Sambasiva R. , Hussain Waseem A. , Uddin Ain , Du Yachu , Hautzinger Matthew P. , Kevorkian Paul V. , Petrie Frankie A. , Plunkett Kyle N.
Published: November 2018

Isomerically pure 5,11-dibromo-ADT was used to create contorted aromatics with large splay angles, low band gaps, and low LUMOs.
Metal free direct C(sp2)–H arylaminations using nitrosoarenes to 2-hydroxy-di(het)aryl amines as multifunctional Aβ-aggregation modulators
Authors: Roy Subhra Kanti , Tiwari Anuj , Saleem Mohammed , Jana Chandan K.
Published: November 2018

A direct C(sp2)–H arylamination of 2-hydroxyarenes using nitrosoarenes was achieved under metal free conditions without the aid of additional reagents/steps for N–O bond cleavage.
Carbon–nitrogen bond cleavage of pyridine with two molecular substituted allenoates: access to 2-arylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one
Authors: Jin Tao , Yuan Hongdong , Su Shikuan , Jia Xueshun , Li Chunju , Li Jian , Fang Jianhui
Published: November 2018

A DABCO-catalyzed annulation reaction of pyridin-2-amine and substituted allenoates enables the ring-opening of a pyridine ring system and the formation of two new rings including a pyrimidinone ring and a benzene ring.
First-principle study of seven allotropes of arsenene and antimonene: thermodynamic, electronic and optical properties
Authors: Zhang Bofeng , Zhang Hong , Lin Jiahe , Cheng Xinlu
Published: November 2018

Seven types of arsenenes and antimonenes with their band structures and partial densities of states.
Can microsolvation effects be estimated from vacuum computations? A case-study of alcohol decomposition at the H2O/Pt(111) interface
Authors: Schweitzer Benjamin , Steinmann Stephan N. , Michel Carine
Published: November 2018

Activation and reaction energies of alcohol decomposition at Pt(111) are barely modified by a PCM, in contrast to adding a single water molecule, whose effect can be predicted based on vacuum computations.
A perspective on quantum mechanics and chemical concepts in describing noncovalent interactions
Authors: Clark Timothy , Murray Jane S. , Politzer Peter
Published: November 2018

Since quantum mechanical calculations do not typically lend themselves to chemical interpretation, analyses of bonding interactions depend largely upon models (the octet rule, resonance theory, charge transfer, etc.). This sometimes leads to a blurring of the distinction between mathematical modelling and physical reality.
Reduction of double manganese–cobalt oxides: in situ XRD and TPR study
Authors: Bulavchenko Olga A. , Gerasimov Evgeny. Y. , Afonasenko Tatyana N.
Published: November 2018

The mechanism of reduction of double Mn–Co oxides with hydrogen differs significantly from the processes occurring on simple oxides.
Multiplexed immunoassay using post-synthesis functionalized hydrogel microparticles
Authors: Lee Hyun Jee , Roh Yoon Ho , Kim Hyeon Ung , Kim Sun Min , Bong Ki Wan
Published: November 2018

Post-synthesis functionalized hydrogel microparticles were demonstrated in multiplex immunoassays with high sensitivity, a wide assay range, and fast detection.
Design and synthesis of heteroaromatic-based benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potent inhibitors of H5N1 influenza A virus
Authors: Yu Yongshi , Tazeem Tazeem , Xu Zhichao , Du Liaoqi , Jin Mengyu , Dong Chune , Zhou Hai-Bing , Wu Shuwen
Published: November 2018

A novel series of heteroaromatic-based benzenesulfonamide derivatives were identified as potent inhibitors of H5N1 influenza A virus.
The N-terminal 14-mer model peptide of human Ctr1 can collect Cu(ii) from albumin. Implications for copper uptake by Ctr1
Authors: Stefaniak Ewelina , Płonka Dawid , Drew Simon C. , Bossak-Ahmad Karolina , Haas Kathryn L. , Pushie M. Jake , Faller Peter , Wezynfeld Nina E. , Bal Wojciech
Published: November 2018

The superior Cu(ii) affinity of human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) drives copper acquisition from human serum albumin (HSA).
Structure–property relationships on thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters
Authors: Cowan Michael J. , Mpourmpakis Giannis
Published: November 2018

Our recently developed thermodynamic stability theory was applied to a large range of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters, demonstrating its power in accurately capturing stability over large nanocluster size regimes.
Electrochemical properties of the [SiW10O36(M2O2E2)]6− polyoxometalate series (M = Mo(v) or W(v); E = S or O)
Authors: Kemmegne-Mbouguen Justin Claude , Floquet Sébastien , Zang Dejin , Bonnefont Antoine , Ruhlmann Laurent , Simonnet-Jégat Corine , López Xavier , Haouas Mohamed , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

New insights about the electrochemical properties of S-containing polyoxometalates. Electrochemical properties of the compounds γ-[SiW10O36(M2O2E2)]6− (M = Mo(v) or W(v); E = O2− or S2−) in DMF.
Correction: The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research
Authors: McAlpine James B. , Chen Shao-Nong , Kutateladze Andrei , MacMillan John B. , Appendino Giovanni , Barison Andersson , Beniddir Mehdi A. , Biavatti Maique W. , Bluml Stefan , Boufridi Asmaa , Butler Mark S. , Capon Robert J. , Choi Young H. , Coppage David , Crews Phillip , Crimmins Michael T. , Csete Marie , Dewapriya Pradeep , Egan Joseph M. , Garson Mary J. , Genta-Jouve Grégory , Gerwick William H. , Gross Harald , Harper Mary Kay , Hermanto Precilia , Hook James M. , Hunter Luke , Jeannerat Damien , Ji Nai-Yun , Johnson Tyler A. , Kingston David G. I. , Koshino Hiroyuki , Lee Hsiau-Wei , Lewin Guy , Li Jie , Linington Roger G. , Liu Miaomiao , McPhail Kerry L. , Molinski Tadeusz F. , Moore Bradley S. , Nam Joo-Won , Neupane Ram P. , Niemitz Matthias , Nuzillard Jean-Marc , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Ocampos Fernanda M. M. , Pan Guohui , Quinn Ronald J. , Reddy D. Sai , Renault Jean-Hugues , Rivera-Chávez José , Robien Wolfgang , Saunders Carla M. , Schmidt Thomas J. , Seger Christoph , Shen Ben , Steinbeck Christoph , Stuppner Hermann , Sturm Sonja , Taglialatela-Scafati Orazio , Tantillo Dean J. , Verpoorte Robert , Wang Bin-Gui , Williams Craig M. , Williams Philip G. , Wist Julien , Yue Jian-Min , Zhang Chen , Xu Zhengren , Simmler Charlotte , Lankin David C. , Bisson Jonathan , Pauli Guido F.
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research’ by James B. McAlpine et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7np00064b.
Optical radiation stability of ZnO hollow particles
Authors: Neshchimenko Vitaly , Li Chundong , Mikhailov Mikhail , Lv Jinpeng
Published: November 2018

The research is focused on the effect of irradiation by protons and electrons on the optical properties’ stability of zinc oxide hollow particles as compared with ball, star and flower shaped particles, as well as micro- and nanocrystal powders.
Uniform P doped Co–Ni–S nanostructures for asymmetric supercapacitors with ultra-high energy densities
Authors: Meng Yao , Sun Pengxiao , He Weidong , Teng Bing , Xu Xijin
Published: November 2018

Hierarchical P doped Co–Ni–S nanostructures with excellent electrochemical performances were designed for supercapacitors with ultra-high energy densities.
Dichotomy between frustrated local spins and conjugated electrons in a two-dimensional metal–organic framework
Authors: Jiang Wei , Liu Zheng , Mei Jia-Wei , Cui Bin , Liu Feng
Published: November 2018

Dichotomy between local spins and conjugated electrons spawns various exotic physical phenomena. We discover a 2D MOF dichotomy system and propose to characterize the exotic electronic states using STM.
An effective and facile synthesis of new blue fluorophores on the basis of an 8-azapurine core
Authors: Eltyshev Alexander K. , Suntsova Polina O. , Karmatskaia Ksenia D. , Taniya Olga S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Benassi Enrico , Belskaya Nataliya P.
Published: November 2018

A new efficient route for the synthesis of blue fluorescent triazolopyrimidines for biological applications is reported.
Catalyst-free [4 + 2] cyclization of para-quinone methide derivatives with homophthalic anhydrides
Authors: Zhou Jia-Yu , Ma Chun , Zhang Yi-Zhu , Wu Qiong , Shi Feng
Published: November 2018

A catalyst-free [4 + 2] cyclization of para-quinone methide derivatives with homophthalic anhydrides has been established, which is used for constructing dihydrocoumarin frameworks in generally good yields (up to 99%) and high diastereoselectivities (up to >95 : 5 dr).
Anion control of tautomeric equilibria: Fe–H vs. N–H influenced by NH⋯F hydrogen bonding
Authors: Chambers Geoffrey M. , Johnson Samantha I. , Raugei Simone , Bullock R. Morris
Published: November 2018

Addition of excess BF4− to the iron hydride [Fe(PEtNMePEt)(CO)3H]+[B(C6F5)4]− leads to the NH tautomer, due to NH⋯F hydrogen bonding.
Enhancing the thermoelectric power factor of Sr0.9Nd0.1TiO3 through control of the nanostructure and microstructure
Authors: Ekren Dursun , Azough Feridoon , Gholinia Ali , Day Sarah J. , Hernandez-Maldonado David , Kepaptsoglou Despoina M. , Ramasse Quentin M. , Freer Robert
Published: November 2018

Doping with zirconia controls A site cation ordering in Sr0.9Nd0.1TiO3 and significantly enhances the thermoelectric power factor.
Ordered intracrystalline pores in planar molybdenum oxide for enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Haque Farjana , Zavabeti Ali , Zhang Bao Yue , Datta Robi S. , Yin Yuefeng , Yi Zhifeng , Wang Yichao , Mahmood Nasir , Pillai Naresh , Syed Nitu , Khan Hareem , Jannat Azmira , Wang Ning , Medhekar Nikhil , Kalantar-zadeh Kourosh , Ou Jian Zhen
Published: November 2018

Planner hexagonal molybdenum oxide as an emerging electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media.
Charge carrier transport dynamics in W/Mo-doped BiVO4: first principles-based mesoscale characterization
Authors: Pasumarthi Viswanath , Liu Taifeng , Dupuis Michel , Li Can
Published: November 2018

First principles-based mesoscale characterization of electron transport in W/Mo-doped BiVO4 reveals the existence of “stabilization” regions around dopant sites. The stabilization regions decrease slightly the electron polaron mobility, albeit the overall electrode conductivity increases.
Regulation of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers: accelerators/brakes, anchors and sensors
Authors: Paul Somnath , Bartholomew Blaine
Published: November 2018

All ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers have a DNA translocase domain that moves along double-stranded DNA when hydrolyzing ATP, which is the key action leading to DNA moving through nucleosomes. Recent structural and biochemical data from a variety of different chromatin remodelers have revealed that there are three basic ways in which these remodelers self-regulate their chromatin remodeling activity. In several instances, different domains within the catalytic subunit or accessory subunits through direct protein–protein interactions can modulate the ATPase and DNA translocation properties of the DNA translocase domain. These domains or subunits can stabilize conformations that either promote or interfere with the ability of the translocase domain to bind or retain DNA during translocation or alter the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze ATP. Second, other domains or subunits are often necessary to anchor the remodeler to nucleosomes to couple DNA translocation and ATP hydrolysis to DNA movement around the histone octamer. These anchors provide a fixed point by which remodelers can generate sufficient torque to disrupt histone–DNA interactions and mobilize nucleosomes. The third type of self-regulation is in those chromatin remodelers that space nucleosomes or stop moving nucleosomes when a particular length of linker DNA has been reached. We refer to this third class as DNA sensors that can allosterically regulate nucleosome mobilization. In this review, we will show examples of these from primarily the INO80/SWR1, SWI/SNF and ISWI/CHD families of remodelers.
PynPoint: a modular pipeline architecture for processing and analysis of high-contrast imaging data
Authors: Stolker T. , Bonse M. J. , Quanz S. P. , Amara A. , Cugno G. , Bohn A. J. , Boehle A.
Published: November 2018

Context. The direct detection and characterization of planetary and substellar companions at small angular separations is a rapidly advancing field. Dedicated high-contrast imaging instruments deliver unprecedented sensitivity, enabling detailed insights into the atmospheres of young low-mass companions. In addition, improvements in data reduction and point spread function (PSF)-subtraction algorithms are equally relevant for maximizing the scientific yield, both from new and archival data sets.

Aims. We aim at developing a generic and modular data-reduction pipeline for processing and analysis of high-contrast imaging data obtained with pupil-stabilized observations. The package should be scalable and robust for future implementations and particularly suitable for the 3–5 μm wavelength range where typically thousands of frames have to be processed and an accurate subtraction of the thermal background emission is critical.

Methods. PynPoint is written in Python 2.7 and applies various image-processing techniques, as well as statistical tools for analyzing the data, building on open-source Python packages. The current version of PynPoint has evolved from an earlier version that was developed as a PSF-subtraction tool based on principal component analysis (PCA).

Results. The architecture of PynPoint has been redesigned with the core functionalities decoupled from the pipeline modules. Modules have been implemented for dedicated processing and analysis steps, including background subtraction, frame registration, PSF subtraction, photometric and astrometric measurements, and estimation of detection limits. The pipeline package enables end-to-end data reduction of pupil-stabilized data and supports classical dithering and coronagraphic data sets. As an example, we processed archival VLT/NACO L′ and M′ data of β Pic b and reassessed the brightness and position of the planet with a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis; we also provide a derivation of the photometric error budget.
Réaction des éleveurs bovins des régions semi-arides algériennes face aux contraintes économiques et climatiques
Authors: Semara Lounis , Madani Toufik , Mouffok Charefeddine , Belkasmi Farida
Published: November 2018

Les évolutions socioéconomiques récentes de l’Algérie et l’accentuation de l’aridité du climat local induisent des transformations dans les pratiques et les stratégies des exploitations agricoles. Cette étude analyse la réaction des petites exploitations familiales d’élevage bovin des régions semi-arides de Sétif face aux contraintes économiques et aux incertitudes du milieu. L’approche retenue est l’identification des trajectoires d’évolution des exploitations agricoles d’élevage bovin sur une période de cinq ans, entre 2012 et 2017. L’analyse montre que les exploitations suivies ont développé six types de trajectoires d’adaptation pour maintenir leur production et répondre aux pressions externes et internes aux exploitations. Généralement, on observe une réduction des effectifs du cheptel bovin et des surfaces consacrées aux fourrages, ainsi qu’une chute de la proportion d’exploitations spécialisées en élevage bovin et en production laitière. Cette étude montre l’importance d’intégrer la dynamique des exploitations d’élevage dans les programmes régionaux de développement agricole.
Détermination de la souplesse hors plan d’un assemblage de composites boulonnés à l’aide d’une démarche d’homogénéisation
Authors: Gornet Laurent , Hamonou Romain , Jacquemin Frédéric , Auger Stéphane , Chalandon Pierre
Published: November 2018

Dans de nombreux secteurs industriels, les matériaux composites tissés à fibres de carbone et matrices thermoplastiques semblent être une alternative prometteuse aux matériaux métalliques pour alléger les structures. Les matrices composites thermoplastiques ont un coût plus adapté à la fabrication de pièces composites avec de grandes cadences. Les assemblages de structures peuvent être des jonctions mécaniques à base de rivets, de vis ou de boulons. Dans cette étude, nous proposons de développer une approche expérimentale et numérique pour identifier les souplesses hors plan des constituants élémentaires d’un assemblage boulonné. Il n’y a actuellement aucune règle de conception pour prédire la rupture des liaisons boulonnées constituées de substrats composites thermoplastiques. Par conséquent, une étude expérimentale d’une liaison boulonnée utilisant la technique de corrélation d’images est présentée. Simultanément, des modèles éléments finis tridimensionnels d’assemblages associés à une approche d’équivalence en énergie ont été développés afin de déterminer la souplesse des éléments de l’assemblage. Ces modèles éléments finis ont ensuite été comparés avec succès à des résultats expérimentaux.