bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A two‐dimensional quantitative parametric investigation of simplified surface imperfections on the aerodynamic characteristics of a NACA 633‐418 airfoil
Authors: Krog Kruse Emil , Sørensen Niels N. , Bak Christian
Published: October 2020

The aerodynamic performance of a NACA 633‐418 airfoil has been analyzed with disturbances in approximately 1000 different configurations focused on the frontal 10% of the airfoil. The configuration parameters are based on field test samples and rain erosion test specimens. The most important trends are presented by 500 configurations each simulated for 6°, 8°, and 10° angle of attack. The simulations are performed with the DTU Wind Energy in‐house 2D CFD Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes solver, EllipSys2D, combined with the eN transition model for the laminar‐turbulent boundary layer transition. The configurations are modeled by a direct geometrical modification of the airfoil shape. The results show that the most important parameters are the position and the depth/height of the disturbance, with up to 35% lift reduction and 90% lift/drag reduction within the specified angle of attacks and disturbance parameter ranges.
Introduction
Authors: Beck Hans Peter , Charitos Panagiotis
Published: October 2020

The present volume collects the proceedings of the workshop “The Economics of Science” that was held in June 2019 in Brussels in the framework of the FCC Week with the support of the H2020 EuroCirCol and EASITrain projects and the Belgium Charter of the LSE Alumni Association. The goal of the meeting was threefold: First to explore the role of public investments in research infrastructures and Big Science projects for economic development, review ways to access their financial impact beyond their core scientific mission and thirdly create a forum for exchanging best practices that can maximize the impact of such projects. The collected essays focus on Big Science Organizations that participated in the workshop while we should clarify to readers that by “Science” we mainly refer to curiosity-driven research. However, we hope that some of the ideas and tools discussed by the participants of the workshop can find applications in many ways.
Towards a Sustainable European Research Infrastructures Ecosystem
Authors: Ribeiro Margarida
Published: October 2020

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are of fundamental strategic importance for Europe’s global competitiveness and remain at the heart of the knowledge triangle of research, education and innovation. Of paramount importance is to coordinate the development and use of top infrastructures for data collection, management, processing and analysing while also ensuring the long-term sustainability of research infrastructures. The following essay touches on some of the key goals and available tools to develop world-class sustainable Research Infrastructures open and accessible to all researchers in Europe and beyond.
The European Spallation Source: Designing a Sustainable Research Infrastructure for Europe
Authors: Womersley John
Published: October 2020

The paper briefly outlines some of the key challenges in building sustainable support for any science megaproject, using the European Spallation Source (ESS) as an example. Beyond the project’s imminent socio-economic impact the essay also reflects on the broader question of how public investments in large-scale “Big Science” projects can tackle the present global inequalities by reshaping the current forces of globalization, offering more opportunities for participation and empowering marginalized groups that often feel excluded.
Socio-Economic Impact Assessments of ESA Programmes: A Brief Overview
Authors: Mathieu Charlotte
Published: October 2020

The European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organisation established in the seventies with today 22 Member States. Its purpose is to promote cooperation between Member States, in space research and technology as well as in space applications. ESA’s Member States wish to ensure maximum benefits to the economy and society from their investments in space activities. The Agency, as any other modern public administration, has a responsibility to ensure the creation of value for society, in an end-to-end perspective (i.e. from technology research to service development). The paper briefly summarizes the outcome of ESA’s previous socio-economic impact assessment studies of its programmes and provides useful references.
On the convergence rate of the fraction of simple algebras
Authors: Aichinger Florian
Published: October 2020

We provide an improved lower bound for the convergence rate of the fraction of simple algebras using combinatorial arguments.
Managing patient flows in radiation oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Akuamoa-Boateng Dennis , Wegen Simone , Ferdinandus Justin , Marksteder Regina , Baues Christian , Marnitz Simone
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The described work aimed to avoid cancellations of indispensable treatments by implementing active patient flow management practices and optimizing infrastructure utilization in the radiation oncology department of a large university hospital and regional COVID-19 treatment center close to the first German SARS-CoV‑2 hotspot region Heinsberg in order to prevent nosocomial infections in patients and personnel during the pandemic.

Patients and methods

The study comprised year-to-date intervention analyses of in- and outpatient key procedures, machine occupancy, and no-show rates in calendar weeks 12 to 19 of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate effects of active patient flow management while monitoring nosocomial COVID-19 infections.

Results

Active patient flow management helped to maintain first-visit appointment compliance above 85.5%. A slight appointment reduction of 10.3% daily (p = 0.004) could still significantly increase downstream planning CT scheduling (p = 0.00001) and performance (p = 0.0001), resulting in an absolute 20.1% (p = 0.009) increment of CT performance while avoiding overbooking practices. Daily treatment start was significantly increased by an absolute value of 18.5% (p = 0.026). Hypofractionation and acceleration were significantly increased (p = 0.0043). Integrating strict testing guidelines, a distancing regimen for staff and patients, hygiene regulations, and precise appointment scheduling, no SARS-CoV‑2 infection in 164 tested radiation oncology service inpatients was observed.

Conclusion

In times of reduced medical infrastructure capacities and resources, controlling infrastructural time per patient as well as optimizing facility utilization and personnel workload during treatment evaluation, planning, and irradiation can help to improve appointment compliance and quality management. Avoiding recurrent and preventable exposure to healthcare infrastructure has potential health benefits and might avert cross infections during the pandemic. Active patient flow management in high-risk COVID-19 regions can help Radiation Oncologists to continue and initiate treatments safely, instead of cancelling and deferring indicated therapies.
Complex patellofemoral reconstruction leads to improved physical and sexual activity in female patients suffering from chronic patellofemoral instability
Authors: Lutz Patricia M. , Winkler Philipp W. , Rupp Marco-Christopher , Geyer Stephanie , Imhoff Andreas B. , Feucht Matthias J.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To analyze postoperative physical and sexual activity as well as Quality of Life (QoL) after complex patellofemoral reconstructions in female patients suffering from chronic patellofemoral instability (PFI).

Methods

Female patients aged > 18 years undergoing complex patellofemoral reconstruction for chronic PFI were included. Complex patellofemoral reconstruction was defined as medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) combined with at least one major bony procedure (distal femoral osteotomy, high tibial osteotomy, and trochleoplasty). Outcome was evaluated retrospectively after a minimum follow-up of 12 months using Tegner activity scale, Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument 2.0 (BPII 2.0), EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L), EuroQol Visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and a questionnaire about sexual activity.

Results

A total of 34 females (mean age, 26 ± 5 years) with a mean follow-up of 45 ± 16 months were included. Seventy-seven percent had one major bony correction + MPFL-R and 24% had at least two major bony corrections + MPFL-R. The re-dislocation rate was 6%. Median Tegner activity scale improved from 3 (range 0–10) to 4 (range 2–6) (n.s.) and an improved activity level was observed in 49% of subjects. QoL scores showed an EQ-5D-3L Index Value of 0.89 ± 0.15, EQ-VAS of 80.3 ± 11.4, and BPII of 68.3 ± 19.1. Thirty-four percent of patients reported restrictions of sexual activities due to PFI preoperatively with an improved sexual function observed in 60% postoperatively due to less pain, improved mobility, and less apprehension. Postoperative return to sexual activity was 91%, whereof 19% reported current restrictions of sexual function because of pain and/or limited range of motion.

Conclusion

Despite the complexity and invasiveness of complex patellofemoral reconstruction, combined bony procedures and MPFL-R resulted in a low redislocation rate, improved physical activity and QoL comparable to values reported after isolated MPFL-R. Furthermore, sexual activity was improved in 60% of females with preoperative restrictions.

Level of evidence

IV.
Incidence of concomitant chondral/osteochondral lesions in acute ankle fractures and their effect on clinical outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Darwich Ali , Adam Julia , Dally Franz-Joseph , Hetjens Svetlana , Jawhar Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Despite successful osteosynthesis, some patients report residual symptoms after ankle fractures. One of the reasons behind the postoperative complaints might be traumatic concomitant chondral lesions (CL) and/or osteochondral lesions (OCL) within the ankle joint. The study aims to systematically review the incidence of CL and/or OCL in ankle fractures and to assess their effect on the clinical outcome.

Materials and methods

This work was conducted according to PRISMA checklists. A systematic literature search was performed using following keywords: “Ankle Fractures” OR “Trimalleolar Fracture” OR “Bimalleolar Fracture” OR “Maisonneuve fracture” OR “Malleolus Fracture” AND “Cartilage” OR “Cartilage Diseases” OR “Cartilage, Articular” OR “chondral” up to March 2020. The identified articles were analysed to determine the incidence of CL and/or OCL. Included studies in the meta-analysis assessed possible cartilage damage through arthroscopy or MRI immediately after traumatic ankle fractures and described the postoperative clinical outcome.

Results

The search identified a total of 111 publications; 19 described the incidence of CL and/or OCL after ankle fractures; six met the criteria to be included in the meta-analysis: five (n = 293) diagnosed CL and/or OCL through arthroscopy during ORIF and one study (n = 153) used preoperative MRI. The clinical outcome was evaluated in four studies (n = 177) using AOFAS score and in two (n = 269) using FAOS score. The mean incidence of arthroscopically detected CL and/or OCL was 65 ± 21% [95% CI 53.9 to 76.72]. The cumulative meta-analysis sample size comprised a total of 400 Patients (170 with and 230 without CL and/or OCL) available for a mean follow-up of 23.9 ± 11.5 months [95% CI 11.79 to 36.07]. The average age was 44.3 ± 5.5 years [95% CI 38.57 to 50.13]. The meta-analysis revealed a mean AOFAS score of 91.2 ± 4.8 [95% CI 83.53 to 98.93] with versus 94.4 ± 4.7 [95% CI 86.81 to 102.07] without CL and/or OCL (p = 0.15) and a mean FAOS score of 73.2 ± 11.31 [95% CI − 28.44 to 174.85] with versus 79.0 ± 18.4 [95% CI − 86.77 to 244.87] without CL and/or OCL (p = 0.18).

Conclusions

CL and/or OCL appear very frequently after ankle fractures. A tendency towards a favourable short- to mid-term clinical outcome was noticed in ankle fractures without CL and/or OCL, however without reaching statistical significance.

Level of evidence

Level I.
Cucullanus carettae Baylis, 1923, in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) from the Adriatic sea: first detection and molecular characterization
Authors: Di Renzo L. , Di Gialleonardo L. , Marchiori E. , Di Francesco G. , Curini V. , Cocco A. , Guccione S. , Ferri N. , Marcer F. , Cammà C. , Pascucci I.
Published: October 2020

Cucullanus carettae Baylis, 1923 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) is found worldwide in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). Regarding the Mediterranean, C. carettae has been identified in the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian Sea and a unique description of a Cucullanus sp. specimen in loggerheads from the Adriatic Sea has been reported in the literature so far. In the framework of a bio-monitoring project of the Abruzzo and Molise coasts, a parasitological survey was performed on stranded and by-caught sea turtles, at the Istituto Zooprofilattico of Abruzzo and Molise “G. Caporale.” During necropsy, the gastrointestinal system of 72 stranded loggerhead turtles was analyzed for the presence of endoparasites and fecal samples were collected for coprological examination. Adult C. carettae (n = 123) was found in the upper intestine of one loggerhead turtle, associated with chronic lymphoplasmocytic enteritis. Additionally, five stool samples (6.9%) were positive for Cucullanus sp. eggs. Molecular characterization of adult nematodes was carried out to study phylogenetic relationships among the Cucullanus species. To our knowledge, this is the first morphological and molecular identification of C. carettae in loggerhead turtles from the Adriatic Sea. Additional studies on the distribution of this parasite in the Mediterranean are encouraged.
On the topological convergence of multi-rule sequences of sets and fractal patterns
Authors: Caldarola Fabio , Maiolo Mario
Published: October 2020

In many cases occurring in the real world and studied in science and engineering, non-homogeneous fractal forms often emerge with striking characteristics of cyclicity or periodicity. The authors, for example, have repeatedly traced these characteristics in hydrological basins, hydraulic networks, water demand, and various datasets. But, unfortunately, today we do not yet have well-developed and at the same time simple-to-use mathematical models that allow, above all scientists and engineers, to interpret these phenomena. An interesting idea was firstly proposed by Sergeyev in 2007 under the name of “blinking fractals.” In this paper we investigate from a pure geometric point of view the fractal properties, with their computational aspects, of two main examples generated by a system of multiple rules and which are enlightening for the theme. Strengthened by them, we then propose an address for an easy formalization of the concept of blinking fractal and we discuss some possible applications and future work.
Developing Personalized Education: A Dynamic Framework
Authors: Tetzlaff Leonard , Schmiedek Florian , Brod Garvin
Published: October 2020

Personalized education—the systematic adaptation of instruction to individual learners—has been a long-striven goal. We review research on personalized education that has been conducted in the laboratory, in the classroom, and in digital learning environments. Across all learning environments, we find that personalization is most successful when relevant learner characteristics are measured repeatedly during the learning process and when these data are used to adapt instruction in a systematic way. Building on these observations, we propose a novel, dynamic framework of personalization that conceptualizes learners as dynamic entities that change during and in interaction with the instructional process. As these dynamics manifest on different timescales, so do the opportunities for instructional adaptations—ranging from setting appropriate learning goals at the macroscale to reacting to affective-motivational fluctuations at the microscale. We argue that instructional design needs to take these dynamics into account in order to adapt to a specific learner at a specific point in time. Finally, we provide some examples of successful, dynamic adaptations and discuss future directions that arise from a dynamic conceptualization of personalization.
The quantity-quality tradeoff: a cross-national, longitudinal analysis of national student-faculty ratios in higher education
Authors: Buckner Elizabeth , Zhang You
Published: October 2020

This article analyzes cross-national trends in national student-faculty ratios (SFRs) over the past five decades. In descriptive analyses, we find that SFRs have increased globally, driven by particularly large increases in low-income countries. We analyze two cross-national datasets to examine factors associated with national SFRs. We find that national SFRs are positively associated with gross tertiary enrollment rates and particularly so in low-income countries. In contrast, both the female share of faculty and research spending are associated with having lower national SFRs. The findings shed light on how national higher education systems are responding to massification pressures and suggest that differentiating faculty roles is one way that countries curb their rising SFRs as enrollments grow.
I Would like to, but I can’t. An Online Survey on the Moral Challenges of German Farm Veterinarians
Authors: Dürnberger Christian
Published: October 2020

The job of veterinarians is often described as morally challenging. This online survey (n = 123) investigated how farm veterinarians in Germany perceive these challenges. Most participants described their job in accordance with the literature: as a profession that regularly has to deal with morally difficult decisions. The majority assumed that their moral challenges were greater than the ones of small animal practitioners. The results indicate that the typical moral challenges are (a) situations in which the farm veterinarians are convinced to know what is morally right, however, specific external obstacles prevent them from implementing their convictions. Therefore, the central moral problem from the veterinarians’ point of view can be described with the following words: “I would like to, but I can’t.” Other ideal types of moral challenges like (b) open ethical questions, (c) ethical dilemmas or (d) “duty vs. inclination” conflicts play a less prominent role. With regard to dealing with these challenges, the study shows that farm veterinarians are looking for exchange, for example with colleagues. Most participants see the current social debate about livestock farming as something that stresses them, arguing that their university’s curriculum did not adequately prepare them to participate in these controversies.
Photo-Seebeck study of amorphous germanium–tellurium-oxide films
Authors: Gholizadeh A. Baset , Walton Alex S. , Smith Richard , England Jonathan , Craig Christopher , Hewak Dan , Curry Richard J.
Published: October 2020

The measurement of the Seebeck coefficient of thin film (100 nm) amorphous germanium telluride containing ~ 31% oxygen under dark conditions and when exposed to monochromatic light in the 400 nm to 1800 nm wavelength region is reported. Exposure of the films to light is found to reduce the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient compared to that measured in the dark. Furthermore, the magnitude of this reduction displays a distinctive spectral dependence over the wavelength range covered. The observed behaviour suggests that these measurements provide a method determining the optical bandgap of thin amorphous chalcogenide films. Further analysis of the data, along with that of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoconductivity studies, is used to determine the presence of sub-bandgap defect states and their role in determining the optical response of the Seebeck coefficient.
Awakening Compassion in Managers—a New Emotional Skills Intervention to Improve Managerial Compassion
Authors: Paakkanen Miia , Martela Frank , Hakanen Jari , Uusitalo Lotta , Pessi Anne
Published: October 2020

Compassion is in high demand within organizational research, with important implications for leadership, well-being, and productivity. However, thus far only meditation-based interventions have been implemented to increase compassion in organizations. Our aim was to explore whether compassion could be increased among managers through improving their emotional skills. We implemented a quasi-randomized controlled trial with pre-test and post-test design of a new emotional skills cultivation training among managers, measuring the treatment group (N = 68), the control group (N = 90), and their followers (N = 85 and N = 72). Compared to the control group, the managers exhibited significantly increased sense of emotional skills, with some evidence for an improved sense of compassion. We also found that emotional skills mediated the impact of participating in the intervention group and compassion. Additionally, servant leadership behaviors in the intervention group improved following the intervention. These results demonstrate that instead of being something innate, compassion is a skill that can be increased through training emotional skills, with observable benefits for the organization.
The Importance of Methyl-Branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons for Successful Host Recognition by the Larval Ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis
Authors: Awater-Salendo Sarah , Schulz Hartwig , Hilker Monika , Fürstenau Benjamin
Published: October 2020

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of host insects are used by many parasitic wasps as contact kairomones for host location and recognition. As the chemical composition of CHCs varies from species to species, the CHC pattern represents a reliable indicator for parasitoids to discriminate host from non-host species. Holepyris sylvanidis is an ectoparasitoid of beetle larvae infesting stored products. Previous studies demonstrated that the larval CHC profile of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, comprises long chain linear and methyl-branched alkanes (methyl alkanes), which elicit trail following and host recognition in H. sylvanidis. Here we addressed the question, whether different behavioral responses of this parasitoid species to larvae of other beetle species are due to differences in the larval CHC pattern. Our study revealed that H. sylvanidis recognizes and accepts larvae of T. confusum, T. castaneum and T. destructor as hosts, whereas larvae of Oryzaephilus surinamensis were rejected. However, the latter species became attractive after applying a sample of T. confusum larval CHCs to solvent extracted larvae. Chemical analyses of the larval extracts revealed that CHC profiles of the Tribolium species were similar in their composition, while that of O. surinamensis differed qualitatively and quantitatively, i.e. methyl alkanes were present as minor components on the cuticle of all Tribolium larvae, but were absent in the O. surinamensis CHC profile. Furthermore, the parasitoid successfully recognized solvent extracted T. confusum larvae as hosts after they had been treated with a fraction of methyl alkanes. Our results show that methyl alkanes are needed for host recognition by H. sylvanidis.
May I Speak Freely? The Difficulty in Vocal Identity Processing Across Free and Scripted Speech
Authors: Stevenage Sarah V. , Tomlin Rebecca , Neil Greg J. , Symons Ashley E.
Published: October 2020

In the fields of face recognition and voice recognition, a growing literature now suggests that the ability to recognize an individual despite changes from one instance to the next is a considerable challenge. The present paper reports on one experiment in the voice domain designed to determine whether a change in the mere style of speech may result in a measurable difficulty when trying to discriminate between speakers. Participants completed a speaker discrimination task to pairs of speech clips, which represented either free speech or scripted speech segments. The results suggested that speaker discrimination was significantly better when the style of speech did not change compared to when it did change, and was significantly better from scripted than from free speech segments. These results support the emergent body of evidence suggesting that within-identity variability is a challenge, and the forensic implications of such a mild change in speech style are discussed.
Implementation and outcome of an electronic tool for detection of paracetamol overdose in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Cabrera-Diaz Francisco , Zaugg Claudia , Lim Silke , Blum Kim , Salili Ali Reza
Published: October 2020

Background Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug in hospitals. The development and implementation of an electronic tool with algorithm-based alerts (e-agent) in a clinical information system could reduce the risk of overdose. Objective In this study, the performance of such an e-agent developed to detect paracetamol overdosing was analyzed. Setting Swiss tertiary care hospital. Method All patients ≥ 18 years old who had documented paracetamol administration in the used clinical information system during 2017 were retrospectively screened for an absolute and relative overdosing of paracetamol (> 4 g and > 60 mg/kg/24 h, respectively). This was compared with the patients for which the e-agent had, during the same period, prospectively made an alert for absolute or relative overdosing or for a dosing interval < 4 h (potentially leading to an absolute overdose). Main outcome measure E-agent performance defined as detection rate. Results of the 13,196 adult patients who received at least one dose of paracetamol, 2292 were exposed at least once to > 4 g/day (17.4%), 39 of these (0.3% of total) were given > 5 g paracetamol. None received more than 6 g. The e-agent detected 87.2% of cases with doses > 5 g. In most cases (87.9%), the cause of the absolute overdose was a switch from intravenous to oral paracetamol, resulting in an absolute overdose the day of the change. The maximal daily dose of 60 mg/kg was exceeded in 30.1% of patients weighing < 50 kg, as well as in 42.3% of patients weighing < 60 kg. The e-agent detected 73.4% and 75.5% of those cases. Multiple absolute overdoses were found in 204 patients. The e-agent detected 72.7% of those. 90 multiple overdoses occurred during the same hospital stay and 11 on consecutive days. Conclusion Paracetamol overdose is a common medication error in hospitalized patients, which may occur due to process failures such as wrong timing when changing administration route or when factors like comedication and low body weight are ignored. The e-agent detects cases of paracetamol overdose, and therefore, can help prevent this kind of medication error in the clinical setting.
Gender gap in medical research: a bibliometric study in Swiss university hospitals
Authors: Sebo Paul , de Lucia Sylvain , Vernaz Nathalie
Published: October 2020

Several studies explored gender inequalities in research, but only limited data are available concerning general internal medicine and family medicine. We aimed to assess the level of gender inequalities in Swiss academic medical research. In this bibliometric study conducted in March 2020, we selected all senior hospital physicians practicing internal medicine or family medicine in the six Swiss university hospitals. The list of these physicians was extracted from the hospitals’ websites. We recorded their socio-demographic characteristics. Then, using Web of Science, we retrieved the number of publications (overall, as first author, per year, per year as first author), the proportion of publications as first author, the number of citations (overall, per year, per publication) and the h-index, and we compared the data by gender. 367 senior physicians were included in the study [female physicians: 172 (47%), internal medicine: 187 (51%)]. Female physicians were four times less likely to be a professor (5% vs. 20%, p value < 0.001) and half as often heads of division or staff physicians (19% vs. 40%, p value < 0.001). The proportion of physicians having published at least one article was lower among women than men (79% vs. 90%, p value 0.003). Finally, all bibliometric indices were associated with male gender (incident rate ratios ranging from 1.9 [(95% CI 1.3–2.8), p value 0.001] for number of citations per publication to 9.3 [(95% CI 5.3–16.2), p value < 0.001] for number of citations), except the proportion of publications as first author that was associated with female gender [odds ratio 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.3), p value 0.003). Our data suggest a “leaky pipeline” phenomenon (a lower proportion of women moving up the academic ladder). In addition, with the exception of the proportion of publications as first author, all bibliometric indices were lower for female than male physicians.
Impact of the reference list features on the number of citations
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Fontaneto Diego , Martínez Alejandro , Chichorro Filipe
Published: October 2020

Many believe that the quality of a scientific publication is as good as the science it cites. However, quantifications of how features of reference lists affect citations remain sparse. We examined seven numerical characteristics of reference lists of 50,878 research articles published in 17 ecological journals between 1997 and 2017. Over this period, significant changes occurred in reference lists’ features. On average, more recent papers have longer reference lists and cite more high Impact Factor papers and fewer non-journal publications. We also show that highly cited articles across the ecological literature have longer reference lists, cite more recent and impactful references, and include more self-citations. Conversely, the proportion of ‘classic’ papers and non-journal publications cited, as well as the temporal span of the reference list, have no significant influence on articles’ citations. From this analysis, we distill a recipe for crafting impactful reference lists, at least in ecology.
Erster Eindruck oder sechster Sinn? Supervision und Coaching im Spannungsfeld zwischen Intuition und Reflexion
Authors: Jonas Eva , Moser Anna , Quirin Markus
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag untersucht das Spannungsfeld zwischen Reflexion und Intuition, welches sich durch die hohe Komplexität von Beratungssituationen ergibt. Auf Grundlage der Theorie der Persönlichkeits-System-Interaktionen (PSI) unterscheiden wir eine niedere und eine höhere Form von Intuition, um einer undifferenzierten Verwendung des Begriffs Intuition entgegenzuwirken. Dazu werden Zwei-Prozess-Modelle der Informationsverarbeitung erweitert, welche lediglich zwischen bewusst-analytischen und unbewusst-assoziativen Prozessen unterscheiden. Eine zusätzliche Differenzierung bietet Lösungen für Berater/innen, die zwar nach einer Vereinfachung komplexer Beratungssituationen suchen, gleichzeitig aber dem Reflexionsanspruch der Beratungsformate Coaching und Supervision gerecht werden wollen.
The Association Between Legal Status and Poverty Among Immigrants: A Methodological Caution
Authors: Spence Cody , Bachmeier James D. , Altman Claire E. , Hamilton Christal
Published: October 2020

Using nationally representative survey data, this research note examines the association between immigrant legal status and poverty in the United States. Our objective is to test whether estimates of this association vary depending on the method used to infer legal status in survey data, focusing on two approaches in particular: (1) inferring legal status using a logical imputation method that ignores the existence of legal-status survey questions (logical approach); and (2) defining legal status based on survey questions about legal status (survey approach). We show that the two methods yield contrasting conclusions. In models using the logical approach, among noncitizens, being a legal permanent resident (LPR) is counterintuitively associated with a significantly greater net probability of being below the poverty line compared with their noncitizen peers without LPR status. Conversely, using the survey approach to measure legal status, LPR status is associated with a lower net probability of living in poverty, which is in line with a growing body of qualitative and small-sample evidence. Consistent with simulation experiments carried out by Van Hook et al. (2015), the findings call for a more cautious approach to interpreting research results based on legal status imputations and for greater attention to potential biases introduced by various methodological approaches to inferring individuals’ legal status in survey data. Consequently, the approach used for measuring legal status has important implications for future research on immigration and legal status.
Controlled Assembly of Luminescent Lanthanide-Organic Frameworks via Post-Treatment of 3D-Printed Objects
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Wu Peiyi
Published: October 2020

Complex multiscale assemblies of metal–organic frameworks are essential in the construction of large-scale optical platforms but often restricted by their bulk nature and conventional techniques. The integration of nanomaterials and 3D printing technologies allows the fabrication of multiscale functional architectures. Our study reports a unique method of controlled 3D assembly purely relying on the post-printing treatment of printed constructs. By immersing a 3D-printed patterned construct consisting of organic ligand in a solution of lanthanide ions, in situ growth of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (LnMOFs) can rapidly occur, resulting in macroscopic assemblies and tunable fluorescence properties. This phenomenon, caused by coordination and chelation of lanthanide ions, also renders a sub-millimeter resolution and high shape fidelity. As a proof of concept, a type of 3D assembled LnMOFs-based optical sensing platform has demonstrated the feasibility in response to small molecules such as acetone. It is anticipated that the facile printing and design approach developed in this work can be applied to fabricate bespoke multiscale architectures of functional materials with controlled assembly, bringing a realistic and economic prospect.
Connecting planar linear chains in the spatial N-body problem
Authors: Yu Guowei
Published: October 2020

The family of planar linear chains are found as collision-free action minimizers of the spatial
N
-body problem with equal masses under

D_{N}

and

D_{N} \times \mathbb{Z}_{2}

-symmetry constraint and different types of topological constraints. This generalizes a previous result by the author in [32] for the planar
N
-body problem. In particular, the monotone constraints required in [32] are proven to be unnecessary, as it will be implied by the action minimization property.

For each type of topological constraints, by considering the corresponding action minimization problem in a coordinate frame rotating around the vertical axis at a constant angular velocity
ω
, we find an entire family of simple choreographies (seen in the rotating frame), as
ω
changes from 0 to
N
. Such a family starts from one planar linear chain and ends at another (seen in the original non-rotating frame). The action minimizer is collision-free, when

\omega = 0

or
N
, but may contain collision for

0 < \omega < N

. However it can only contain binary collisions and the corresponding collision solutions are

C^{0}

block-regularizable.

These families of solutions can be seen as a generalization of Marchal's

P_{12}

family for

N = 3

to arbitrary

N \geq 3

. In particular, for certain types of topological constraints, based on results from [3] and [7], we show that when
ω
belongs to some sub-intervals of

[0,N]

, the corresponding minimizer must be a rotating regular
N
-gon contained in the horizontal plane.
A Ritual Feature with Bell Beaker Elements in a Late Neolithic Hunter-Gatherer Campsite in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Manasterski Dariusz , Januszek Katarzyna , Wawrusiewicz Adam , Klecha Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The ephemeral nature of religious practices and rituals makes them challenging to trace in the archaeological record of Late Neolithic hunter-gatherer communities in central and eastern Europe. A ritual feature with Bell Beaker elements discovered in north-eastern Poland, a region occupied by hunter-gatherer groups of the Neman cultural circle, is thus exceptional. Its syncretic character indicates its role as a harbinger of wider cultural change that led to the emergence in this region of the western group of the Bronze Age Trzciniec cultural circle.
Comparison of diagnosis and prescribing practices between virtual visits and office visits for adults diagnosed with uncomplicated urinary tract infections within a primary care network
Authors: Johnson Kaitlyn L. , Dumkow Lisa E. , Salvati Lisa A. , Johnson Kristen M. , Yee Megan A. , Egwuatu Nnaemeka E.
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Telemedicine visits are an increasingly popular method of care for mild infectious complaints, including uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), and they are an important target for antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) to evaluate quality of prescribing. In this study, we compared antimicrobial prescribing in a primary care network for uncomplicated UTIs treated through virtual visits and at in-office visits.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study comparing guideline-concordant antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated UTI between virtual visits and office visits.

Setting:

Primary care network composed of 44 outpatient sites and a single virtual visit platform.

Patients:

Adult female patients diagnosed with a UTI between January 1 and December 31, 2018.

Methods:

Virtual visit prescribing was compared to office visit prescribing, including agent, duration, and patient outcomes. The health system ASP provides annual education to all outpatient providers regarding local antibiogram trends and prescribing guidelines. Guideline-concordant therapy was assessed based on the network’s ASP guidelines.

Results:

In total, 350 patients were included, with 175 per group. Patients treated for a UTI through a virtual visit were more likely to receive a first-line antibiotic agent (74.9% vs 59.4%; P = .002) and guideline-concordant duration (100% vs 53.1%; P < .001). Patients treated through virtual visits were also less likely to have a urinalysis (0% vs 97.1%; P < .001) or urine culture (0% vs 73.1%; P < .001) ordered and were less likely to revisit within 7 days (5.1% vs 18.9%; P < .001).

Conclusions:

UTI care through a virtual visit was associated with more appropriate antimicrobial prescribing compared to office visits and decreased utilization of diagnostic and follow-up resources.
Unfit for History: Race, Reparation and the Reconstruction of American Lyric
Authors: COTTON JESS
Published: October 2020

This article explores how contemporary US black poetics evidences the entanglement of the history of lyric with the history of race. Through readings of the work of Claudia Rankine, Evie Shockley, Tyehimba Jess and Terrance Hayes, I make the case that this poetics situates American lyric within the violence of Reconstruction to imagine how Black Reconstruction may be enacted in cultural form. My contention is that this poetics makes lyric “unfit for history” and thus exposes the racialization processes embedded in poetry's modern life forms. I show how this poetics does not simply recuperate lyric subjectivity but presents a different model of subjectivity altogether, one that is rooted in a fugitive idea of blackness. I locate this lyric from the publication of Shockley'sthe new black(2011), as a reckoning with the failures of representation that were pronounced in the colour-blind politics of the Obama era and chart it to Hayes's engagement with Trumpian politics in his sonnet sequenceAmerican Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin(2018). I argue that this contemporary poetics, which makes its argument through a destabilization of genre, unravels the racialization processes embedded in the form of reading poetry that Virginia Jackson refers to as “lyricization.”
Using mixed methods to understand sensitive wildlife poisoning behaviours in northern Cambodia
Authors: de Lange Emiel , Milner-Gulland E. J. , Yim Vichet , Leng Chantheavy , Phann Sithan , Keane Aidan
Published: October 2020

In northern Cambodia, threatened wildlife, livestock and people are being poisoned by pesticides deposited in seasonal waterholes. Addressing this critical conservation threat requires understanding the drivers of poisoning behaviours and the social contexts in which they occur. This study across 10 communities in two protected areas aimed to provide a first assessment of this phenomenon. We used the theory of planned behaviour to measure socio-psychological determinants of behaviour and deepened this understanding using informant interviews and focus group discussions. Informants reported that so-called termite poisons, including powerful carbamates, are deliberately deposited at waterholes to catch wildlife for consumption. This method is perceived to be low effort and high efficacy, and perceptions of the health risks vary. Predominant users are young men and children, but it is unclear whether the practice is related to food insecurity. Threatened wildlife species reported as affected include the giant ibisPseudibis giganteaand vulture species. Overall, social norms are strongly negative towards poisoning; 75% of survey respondents perceived negative norms because of impacts on human and livestock health, environmental quality, and risks of legal sanctions. This has led to interventions by local authorities in half of the studied villages. We suggest that future interventions should raise the salience of negative norms by providing a non-conflictual mechanism for community members to participate in monitoring and sanctioning, such as a reporting hotline. Regulatory interventions are also required to control the supply of restricted pesticides.
Cost-effectiveness of a market-based home fortification of food with micronutrient powder programme in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sayem , Sarma Haribondhu , Hasan Zahid , Rahman Mahfuzur , Ahmed Mohammad Wahid , Islam Mohammad Ashraful , Djimeu Eric W , Mbuya Mduduzi NN , Ahmed Tahmeed , Khan Jahangir AM
Published: October 2020

Objective:

We estimated the cost-effectiveness of home fortification with micronutrient powder delivered in a sales-based programme in reducing the prevalence of Fe deficiency anaemia among children 6–59 months in Bangladesh.

Design:

Cross-sectional interviews with local and central-level programme staff and document reviews were conducted. Using an activity-based costing approach, we estimated start-up and implementation costs of the programme. The incremental cost per anaemia case averted and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted were estimated by comparing the home fortification programme and no intervention scenarios.

Setting:

The home fortification programme was implemented in 164 upazilas (sub-districts) in Bangladesh.

Participants:

Caregivers of child 6–59 months and BRAC staff members including community health workers were the participants for this study.

Results:

The home fortification programme had an estimated total start-up cost of 35·46 million BDT (456 thousand USD) and implementation cost of 1111·63 million BDT (14·12 million USD). The incremental cost per Fe deficiency anaemia case averted and per DALY averted was estimated to be 1749 BDT (22·2 USD) and 12 558 BDT (159·3 USD), respectively. Considering per capita gross domestic product (1516·5 USD) as the cost-effectiveness threshold, the home fortification programme was highly cost-effective. The programme coverage and costs for nutritional counselling of the beneficiary were influential parameters for cost per DALY averted in the one-way sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions:

The market-based home fortification programme was a highly cost-effective mechanism for delivering micronutrients to a large number of children in Bangladesh. The policymakers should consider funding and sustaining large-scale sales-based micronutrient home fortification efforts assuming the clear population-level need and potential to benefit persists.
Food security and alternative food acquisition among US low-income households: results from the National Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey (FoodAPS)
Authors: Crespo-Bellido Mayra , Grutzmacher Stephanie , Smit Ellen
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To determine the characteristics of US low-income households that use alternative food acquisition strategies and to examine the association between food security and alternative food acquisition.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis. The ten-item Adult Food Security Survey Module was used to determine food security status. Self-reported data were used to determine food acquisition from community food sources, social networks and household food production.

Setting:

The National Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey (FoodAPS), 2012.

Participants:

The sample consisted of 2534 low-income households (≤185 % of the federal poverty line) in the USA.

Results:

Households using alternative food acquisition strategies were more likely to have a primary respondent who was non-Hispanic White, born in the USA, and female, and more likely to live in a rural area, have higher income and own a home than households not using alternative acquisition strategies. Very low food security was positively associated with the use of community food sources (aOR = 2·26 (95 % CI 1·15, 4·46)). There was no association between food security and food acquisition from social networks or household food production.

Conclusions:

Use of alternative food acquisition strategies varied by specific demographic characteristics among low-income households, suggesting opportunities for outreach and promotion of alternative acquisition strategies in specific subpopulations in the USA. Future research should examine whether quantity and quality of food received from these sources are associated with food security.
Professional characteristics and the prevalence of advance directives among palliative care professionals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Garcia Ana Cláudia Mesquita , Dadalto Luciana , Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Caldeira Silvia , O'Mahony Aoife , Moreira de Barros Guilherme Antonio
Published: October 2020

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between professional characteristics and the prevalence of advance directives among palliative care professionals.

Methods

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A diverse sample of 327 healthcare professionals completed an online survey investigating demographic variables, length of time working in palliative care, post-graduate qualifications in palliative care, and development of their own advance directives.

Results

The prevalence of advance directives among professionals working in palliative care was associated with factors such as higher academic qualifications, holding a post-graduate qualification in palliative care, and working in palliative care for a longer time. Furthermore, psychologists were most likely to have registered their own advance directives, compared with other healthcare professionals.

Significance of results

Post-graduate palliative care education and professional experience in this area appear to be important factors associated with palliative care professionals writing of their own advance directives. However, our study suggests that just being involved in or familiar with the context of palliative and end-of-life care does not guarantee that health professionals register their advance directives.