bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of TRPC5 in hippocampal excitatory synapses improves memory impairment associated with neuroinflammation in microglia knockout IL-10 mice
Authors: Huo Shiji , Ren Jiling , Ma Yunqing , Ozathaley Ahsawle , Yuan Wenjian , Ni Hong , Li Dong , Liu Zhaowei
Published: November 2021

Background

Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) protein family are widely distributed in the hippocampus of mammals and exert respective and cooperative influences on the functions of neurons. The relationship between specific TRPC subtypes and neuroinflammation is receiving increasing attention.

Methods

Using Cx3cr1CreERIL-10−/−transgenic mice and their littermates to study the relationship between TRPC channels and memory impairment.

Results

We demonstrated that Cx3cr1CreERIL-10−/−mice displayed spatial memory deficits in object location recognition (OLR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The decreased levels of TRPC4 and TRPC5 in the hippocampal regions were verified via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence tests. The expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin in the hippocampus decreased with an imbalance in the local inflammatory environment in the hippocampus. The number of cells positive for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), increased with the high expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Cx3cr1CreERIL-10−/−mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was also involved in this process, and the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 activated by NLRP3 were also elevated by western blotting. The co-localization of TRPC5 and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) significantly decreased TRPC5 expression in excitatory neurons. AAV9-CaMKIIα-TRPC5 was used to upregulate TRPC5 in excitatory neurons in the hippocampus.

Conclusions

The results showed that the upregulation of TRPC5 improved the memory performance of Cx3cr1CreERIL-10−/−mice related to inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammation.

Graphical Abstract
Early upregulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2α in motor neurons is induced by misfolded SOD1 in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Malada Edelstein Yafa Fetfet , Solomonov Yulia , Hadad Nurit , Alfahel Leenor , Israelson Adrian , Levy Rachel
Published: November 2021

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective death of motor neurons. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) upregulation and activation in the spinal cord of ALS patients has been reported. We have previously shown that cPLA2α upregulation in the spinal cord of mutant SOD1 transgenic mice (SOD1G93A) was detected long before the development of the disease, and inhibition of cPLA2α upregulation delayed the disease’s onset. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism for cPLA2α upregulation.

Methods

Immunofluorescence analysis and western blot analysis of misfolded SOD1, cPLA2α and inflammatory markers were performed in the spinal cord sections of SOD1G93A transgenic mice and in primary motor neurons. Over expression of mutant SOD1 was performed by induction or transfection in primary motor neurons and in differentiated NSC34 motor neuron like cells.

Results

Misfolded SOD1 was detected in the spinal cord of 3 weeks old mutant SOD1G93A mice before cPLA2α upregulation. Elevated expression of both misfolded SOD1 and cPLA2α was specifically detected in the motor neurons at 6 weeks with a high correlation between them. Elevated TNFα levels were detected in the spinal cord lysates of 6 weeks old mutant SOD1G93A mice. Elevated TNFα was specifically detected in the motor neurons and its expression was highly correlated with cPLA2α expression at 6 weeks. Induction of mutant SOD1 in primary motor neurons induced cPLA2α and TNFα upregulation. Over expression of mutant SOD1 in NSC34 cells caused cPLA2α upregulation which was prevented by antibodies against TNFα. The addition of TNFα to NSC34 cells caused cPLA2α upregulation in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusions

Motor neurons expressing elevated cPLA2α and TNFα are in an inflammatory state as early as at 6 weeks old mutant SOD1G93A mice long before the development of the disease. Accumulated misfolded SOD1 in the motor neurons induced cPLA2α upregulation via induction of TNFα.
Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on mortality of prostate cancer patients with COVID-19: a propensity score-based analysis
Authors: Duarte Mateus Bringel Oliveira , Leal Frederico , Argenton Juliana Luz Passos , Carvalheira José Barreto Campello
Published: November 2021

Background

Previous studies hypothesized that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) infectivity. However, it is unknown whether there is an association between ADT and a higher survival in prostate cancer patients with COVID-19.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of prostate cancer (PC) patients hospitalized to treat COVID-19 in Brazil’s public health system. We compared patients with the active use of ADT versus those with non-active ADT, past use. We constructed propensity score models of patients in active versus non-active use of ADT. All variables were used to derive propensity score estimation in both models. In the first model we performed a pair-matched propensity score model between those under active and non-active use of ADT. To the second model we initially performed a multivariate backward elimination process to select variables to a final inverse-weight adjusted with double robust estimation model.

Results

We analyzed 199 PC patients with COVID-19 that received ADT. In total, 52.3% (95/199) of our patients were less than 75 years old, 78.4% (156/199) were on active ADT, and most were using a GnRH analog (80.1%; 125/156). Most of patients were in palliative treatment (89.9%; 179/199). Also, 63.3% of our cohort died from COVID-19. Forty-eight patients under active ADT were pair matched against 48 controls (non-active ADT). All patients (199) were analyzed in the double robust model. ADT active use were not protective factor in both inverse-weight based propensity score (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.38–1.31,P = 0.263), and pair-matched propensity score (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.27–1.63,P = 0.374) models. We noticed a significant imbalance in the propensity score of patients in active and those in non-active ADT, with important reductions in the differences after the adjustments.

Conclusions

The active use of ADT was not associated with a reduced risk of death in patients with COVID-19.
Multimodal brain imaging effect of “Adjust Zang-fu and Arouse Spirit” electroacupuncture on diabetic cognitive impairment: study protocol of a randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial
Authors: Yao Lin , Li Mengyuan , Sun Shunan , Xu Ming , Yu Shuo , Zhang Ziyang , Zhang Liying , Zheng Haizhu , Zhong Zhen , Ma Shiqi , Huang Haipeng , Wang Hongfeng
Published: November 2021

Background

Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a serious chronic complication caused by diabetes. The pathogenesis of DCI is complex, but brain nerve injury and brain nerve cell apoptosis are important pathological changes. Multimodal brain imaging is one of the most important techniques to study the neural mechanism of the brain. For the clinical treatment of DCI, there is no effective targeted Western medicine and a lack of clear drug intervention methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find effective complementary and alternative methods and clarify their mechanism. This research seeks to explore the multimodal brain imaging effect of “Adjust Zang-fu and Arouse Spirit” electroacupuncture for DCI.

Methods

This clinical research will be a randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 60) and the control group (n = 30). The intervention group will be divided into the “Adjust Zang-fu and Arouse Spirit” electroacupuncture group (n = 30) and sham electroacupuncture group (n = 30). All participants will continue to receive routine hypoglycemic therapy. The treatment period is the same in both groups. The primary outcomes include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The secondary outcomes include blood glucose and blood lipid tests, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), Hachinski Ischemic Scale (HIS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and before and after treatment, and adverse events will be examined. Inter- and intragroup analyses will be performed.

Discussion

This randomized controlled study, combined with multimodal brain imaging techniques and a clinical evaluation scale, was designed to explore the mechanism of “Adjust Zang-fu and Arouse Spirit” electroacupuncture in improving the central nervous system in DCI.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registration ChiCTR2000040268. Registered on 26 November 2020
Single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis of SLE-risk loci in lupus patient monocytes
Authors: Ghodke-Puranik Yogita , Jin Zhongbo , Zimmerman Kip D. , Ainsworth Hannah C. , Fan Wei , Jensen Mark A. , Dorschner Jessica M. , Vsetecka Danielle M. , Amin Shreyasee , Makol Ashima , Ernste Floranne , Osborn Thomas , Moder Kevin , Chowdhary Vaidehi , Langefeld Carl D. , Niewold Timothy B.
Published: November 2021

Background

We performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in single classical (CL) and non-classical (NCL) monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to quantify the impact of well-established genetic risk alleles on transcription at single-cell resolution.

Methods

Single-cell gene expression was quantified using qPCR in purified monocyte subpopulations (CD14++CD16− CL and CD14dimCD16+ NCL) from SLE patients. Novel analysis methods were used to control for the within-person correlations observed, and eQTLs were compared between cell types and risk alleles.

Results

The SLE-risk alleles demonstrated significantly more eQTLs in NCLs as compared to CLs (p = 0.0004). There were 18 eQTLs exclusive to NCL cells, 5 eQTLs exclusive to CL cells, and only one shared eQTL, supporting large differences in the impact of the risk alleles between these monocyte subsets. The SPP1 and TNFAIP3 loci were associated with the greatest number of transcripts. Patterns of shared influence in which different SNPs impacted the same transcript also differed between monocyte subsets, with greater evidence for synergy in NCL cells. IRF1 expression demonstrated an on/off pattern, in which expression was zero in all of the monocytes studied from some individuals, and this pattern was associated with a number of SLE risk alleles. We observed corroborating evidence of this IRF1 expression pattern in public data sets.

Conclusions

We document multiple SLE-risk allele eQTLs in single monocytes which differ greatly between CL and NCL subsets. These data support the importance of the SPP1 and TNFAIP3 risk variants and the IRF1 transcript in SLE patient monocyte function.
Affective temperaments of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia: comparison by gender and severity of psychosis
Authors: Dib Joseph E. , Nehme Ilige , Haddad Chadia , Azar Jocelyne , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Our aim in this study was to identify affective temperament differences utilizing the TEMPS-A in a large sample size of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia and compare them to healthy controls. Gender differences, demographic factors and degree of psychotic symptoms were also considered. A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (PHC) from March to June 2019. Two-hundred fifty chronic patients with schizophrenia were compared to 250 healthy controls randomly chosen from the general population.

Results

Patients with schizophrenia significantly had higher mean depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament scores compared to healthy controls. Healthy controls significantly had a higher mean hyperthymic temperament score compared to patients with schizophrenia. In the group of patients with schizophrenia exclusively, females scored higher in terms of depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperaments compared to males. In the group of healthy controls, males scored higher in terms of hyperthymic and irritable temperaments compared to females, whereas a higher mean depressive and anxious temperament scores were significantly found in females compared to males. In addition, higher PANSS total scores, as well as higher positive, negative and general subscales scores were significantly associated with higher depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament scores.
Predicted transmembrane proteins with homology to Mef(A) are not responsible for complementing mef(A) deletion in the mef(A)–msr(D) macrolide efflux system in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Fox Valeria , Santoro Francesco , Pozzi Gianni , Iannelli Francesco
Published: November 2021

Objectives

In streptococci, the type M resistance to macrolides is due to the mef(A)–msr(D) efflux transport system of the ATP-Binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, where it is proposed that mef(A) codes for the transmembrane channel and msr(D) for the two ATP-binding domains. Phage ϕ1207.3 of Streptococcus pyogenes, carrying the mef(A)–msr(D) gene pair, is able to transfer the macrolide efflux phenotype to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Deletion of mef(A) in pneumococcal ϕ1207.3-carrying strains did not affect erythromycin efflux. In order to identify candidate genes likely involved in complementation of mef(A) deletion, the Mef(A) amino acid sequence was used as probe for database searching.

Results

In silico analysis identified 3 putative candidates in the S. pneumoniae R6 genome, namely spr0971, spr1023 and spr1932. Isogenic deletion mutants of each candidate gene were constructed and used in erythromycin sensitivity assays to investigate their contribution to mef(A) complementation. Since no change in erythromycin sensitivity was observed compared to the parental strain, we produced double and triple mutants to assess the potential synergic activity of the selected genes. Also these mutants did not complement the mef(A) function.
Dementia in Southeast Asia: influence of onset-type, education, and cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Vipin Ashwati , Satish Vaynii , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Koh Wilbur , Lim Levinia , Silva Eveline , Nyu Mei Mei , Choong Tanya-Marie , Chua Esther , Lim Linda , Ng Adeline Su Lyn , Chiew Hui Jin , Ng Kok Pin , Kandiah Nagaendran
Published: November 2021

Background

Southeast Asia represents 10% of the global population, yet little is known about regional clinical characteristics of dementia and risk factors for dementia progression. This study aims to describe the clinico-demographic profiles of dementia in Southeast Asia and investigate the association of onset-type, education, and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) on dementia progression in a real-world clinic setting.

Methods

In this longitudinal study, participants were consecutive series of 1606 patients with dementia from 2010 to 2019 from a tertiary memory clinic from Singapore. The frequency of dementia subtypes stratified into young-onset (YOD; <65 years age-at-onset) and late-onset dementia (LOD; ≥65 years age-at-onset) was studied. Association of onset-type (YOD or LOD), years of lifespan education, and CVD on the trajectory of cognition was evaluated using linear mixed models. The time to significant cognitive decline was investigated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) was the most common diagnosis (59.8%), followed by vascular dementia (14.9%) and frontotemporal dementia (11.1%). YOD patients accounted for 28.5% of all dementia patients. Patients with higher lifespan education had a steeper decline in global cognition (p<0.001), with this finding being more pronounced in YOD (p=0.0006). Older patients with a moderate-to-severe burden of CVD demonstrated a trend for a faster decline in global cognition compared to those with a mild burden.

Conclusions

There is a high frequency of YOD with DAT being most common in our Southeast Asian memory clinic cohort. YOD patients with higher lifespan education and LOD patients with moderate-to-severe CVD experience a steep decline in cognition.
A familiar study on self-limited childhood epilepsy patients using hIPSC-derived neurons shows a bias towards immaturity at the morphological, electrophysiological and gene expression levels
Authors: Casalia Mariana L. , Casabona Juan Cruz , García Corina , Cavaliere Candedo Verónica , Quintá Héctor Ramiro , Farías María Isabel , Gonzalez Joaquín , Gonzalez Morón Dolores , Córdoba Marta , Consalvo Damian , Mostoslavsky Gustavo , Urbano Francisco J. , Pasquini Juana , Murer Mario Gustavo , Rela Lorena , Kauffman Marcelo A. , Pitossi Fernando J.
Published: November 2021

Background

Self-limited Childhood Epilepsies are the most prevalent epileptic syndrome in children. Its pathogenesis is unknown. In this disease, symptoms resolve spontaneously in approximately 50% of patients when maturity is reached, prompting to a maturation problem. The purpose of this study was to understand the molecular bases of this disease by generating and analyzing induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from a family with 7 siblings, among whom 4 suffer from this disease.

Methods

Two affected siblings and, as controls, a healthy sister and the unaffected mother of the family were studied. Using exome sequencing, a homozygous variant in the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH Domain Containing 6 gene was identified in the patients as a putative genetic factor that could contribute to the development of this familial disorder. After informed consent was signed, skin biopsies from the 4 individuals were collected, fibroblasts were derived and reprogrammed and neurons were generated and characterized by markers and electrophysiology. Morphological, electrophysiological and gene expression analyses were performed on these neurons.

Results

Bona fide induced pluripotent stem cells and derived neurons could be generated in all cases. Overall, there were no major shifts in neuronal marker expression among patient and control-derived neurons. Compared to two familial controls, neurons from patients showed shorter axonal length, a dramatic reduction in synapsin-1 levels and cytoskeleton disorganization. In addition, neurons from patients developed a lower action potential threshold with time of in vitro differentiation and the amount of current needed to elicit an action potential (rheobase) was smaller in cells recorded from NE derived from patients at 12 weeks of differentiation when compared with shorter times in culture. These results indicate an increased excitability in patient cells that emerges with the time in culture. Finally, functional genomic analysis showed a biased towards immaturity in patient-derived neurons.

Conclusions

We are reporting the first in vitro model of self-limited childhood epilepsy, providing the cellular bases for future in-depth studies to understand its pathogenesis. Our results show patient-specific neuronal features reflecting immaturity, in resonance with the course of the disease and previous imaging studies.
Biofilm formation and antagonistic activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (PTCC1712) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (PTCC1745)
Authors: Rezaei Zeinab , Khanzadi Saeid , Salari Amir
Published: November 2021

Currently, the health benefits of probiotic bacteria are well known, and this has taken up a great deal of space in food science and health, both research and operational. On the other hand, anti-biofilm properties on food pathogens in the food and pharmaceutical industries have created an attractive challenge. This study aimed to describe the inhibitory activity of cell-free supernatants (CFS), planktonic cells, and biofilm form of lactobacilus strains (L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum) against food pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. Anti-bacterial activities of the CFS of lactobacillus strains were assessed by the microplate method and via violet staining. Evaluation of the antagonistic activity of planktonic cells and biofilm of LAB were performed by the spread plate method. The results showed the incubation time of 48 h was the best time to produce biofilm. Although the planktonic states reduce the pathogens bacterial about 1 –1.5 log, but in biofilm forms, decreased L. monocytogenes about 4.5 log compared to the control, and in the case of P. aeruginosa, a growth reduction of about 2.13 log was observed. Furthermore, biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes in the presence of L. rhamnosus cell-free supernatant was more weakly than L. plantarum CFS, but their CFS effect on reducing the bacterial population of P. aeruginosa was the same. According to the study, biofilm produced by probiotic strains can be considered a new approach for biological control. Also, cell-free supernatant can be used as postbiotic in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
The effects of nebulized ketamine and intravenous magnesium sulfate on corticosteroid resistant asthma exacerbation; a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Farshadfar Kimia , Sohooli Maryam , Shekouhi Ramin , Taherinya Ali , Qorbani Mostafa , Rezaei-kojani Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Background and aims

Asthma exacerbation is defined as an acute attack of shortness of breath with more than 25% decrease in morning peak flow compared to the baseline on 2 consecutive days, which requires immediate standard therapy. The majority of asthmatic patients are considered to be steroid-sensitive; however, corticosteroid-resistant asthma is a subset of asthma with poor response to corticosteroids and is responsible for frequent hospital admissions. In this study we aimed to compare the effects of two enhancing strategies, the nebulized ketamine and IV magnesium sulfate, in treatment of severe steroid resistant asthma.

Materials and methods

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients who presented to a referral clinic in Alborz, Iran. Using random allocation, patients were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with nebulized ketamine and the second group was treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate. Peak expiratory flow rates were assessed before the intervention, 30 and 60 min after the intervention and compared with the aid of SPSS software.

Results

The Peak expiratory flow rates before the intervention, 30 min and 60 min after the intervention was statistically significantly different in both ketamine and magnesium sulfate groups. Peak expiratory flow rates change between 0 and 60 min were 29.4 and 15.2% in the ketamine and magnesium sulfate group respectively. Although the ketamine group showed much higher increase in mean PEFR compared to the MgSO4 groups, there was no statistically significant difference across both groups.

Conclusion

Our study concluded that combined with standard therapy, both ketamine and IV magnesium sulfate are effective agents in the improvement of PEFR in patients with acute severe asthma that failed to respond to traditional therapies. However, there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Identifying relations between posture and pain in lower back pain patients: a narrative review
Authors: Kripa Sai , Kaur Harmanpreet
Published: November 2021

Posture is a “body’s attitude or the positioning of the limbs when standing or sitting.” There are many examples of different postures which include lordotic posture, swayback posture, flat back, and anterior pelvic tilt. Everyone in some of the other parts of their life considers pain as an unpleasant feeling or sensation that is experienced. Specifically, low back pain can be relentless and daunting to many people who often recovered without the need of a health care professional or any treatment by changing their posture or performing the movement. Various factors are leading to low back pain other than the postural fault, for instance, age, sedentary lifestyle, anxiety, and sleep. However, for back pain, posture has become deep-rooted in people’s thoughts. Health care professionals have instructed people to correct their posture to fight back pain. As people become older, the posture becomes worse, but this does not appear to cause pain. If any person cannot move his/her body, that does not mean that they are having a problem involving posture; that is actually because of a problem relating to movement. A study proved that there is no difference in the lordotic angle of the populace having an issue with LBP. There is a decrease in the range and speed of the movement performed. What matters is the movement rather than the appearance of standing or sitting. The primary aim of this paper is to improve knowledge and understanding of the association between posture and LBP, as, speaking about recent researches, they have observed no association between posture and LBP. There are many studies published to support this evidence. People call the importance of posture and alignment for while performing a heavy deadlift, land a jump, or any strenuous activity. Therefore, an urge to write a paper on this topic is to change the mindset of many people worrying out there about their postural faults or their appearances by providing information about varying their static posture to conform to some ideal and keep moving to improve their function.
Global Risk Indicator and Therapy for Older Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Di Mengyang , Keeney Tamra , Belanger Emmanuelle , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Olszewski Adam J.
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE:

To examine the impact of global risk, a measure comprising age, comorbidities, function, and cognitive statuses, on treatment selection and outcomes among older home care recipients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

METHODS:

From SEER-Medicare, we selected home care recipients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 2011-2015, who had pretreatment Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) evaluations. We created a global risk indicator categorizing patients as low-, moderate-, or high-risk on the basis of OASIS assessments. We examined the association of global risk with receipt of therapy and among chemotherapy recipients, with mortality, emergency department visits, hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission within 30 days from first treatment in logistic models, reporting adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI. We compared overall survival across risk groups estimating adjusted hazard ratios.

RESULTS:

Of the 1,232 patients (median age, 80 years), 65% received chemotherapy. High-risk patients ( v moderate-risk) were less likely to receive any chemotherapy (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.64) and curative regimens (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.86) if treated, although even in the moderate-risk group, only 61% received curative regimens. High-risk patients were more likely to experience acute mortality (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.43 to 3.52), emergency department visits (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.83), hospitalization (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.17), or intensive care unit admission (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.22) and had inferior overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.78).

CONCLUSION:

Global risk on the basis of OASIS is easily available, suggesting a potential way to improve patient selection for curative treatment and institution of preventive measures.
Experiences of Health Insurance among American Indian Elders and Their Health Care Providers
Authors: Jaramillo Elise Trott , Haozous Emily A. , Willging Cathleen E.
Published: November 2021

Context: American Indian elders have a lower life expectancy than other aging populations in the United States because of inequities in health and in access to health care. To reduce such disparities, the 2010 Affordable Care Act included provisions to increase insurance enrollment among American Indians. Although the Indian Health Service remains underfunded, increases in insured rates have had significant impacts among American Indians and their health care providers.

Methods: From June 2016 to March 2017, we conducted qualitative interviews with 96 American Indian elders (age 55+) and 47 professionals (including health care providers, outreach workers, public-sector administrators, and tribal leaders) in two southwestern states. Interviews focused on elders' experiences with health care and health insurance. We analyzed transcripts iteratively using open and focused coding techniques.

Findings: Although tribal health programs have benefitted from insurance payments, the complexities of selecting, qualifying for, and maintaining health insurance are often profoundly alienating and destabilizing for American Indian elders and communities.

Conclusions: Findings underscore the inadequacy of health-system reforms based on the expansion of private and individual insurance plans in ameliorating health disparities among American Indian elders. Policy makers must not neglect their responsibility to directly fund health care for American Indians.
Mapping the metabolomic and lipidomic changes in the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis in young and aged mice
Authors: Weckerle Jelena , Picart-Armada Sergio , Klee Stephan , Bretschneider Tom , Luippold Andreas H. , Rist Wolfgang , Haslinger Christian , Schlüter Holger , Thomas Matthew J. , Krawczyk Bartlomiej , Fernandez-Albert Francesc , Kästle Marc , Veyel Daniel
Published: November 2021

Alterations in metabolic pathways were recently recognized as potential underlying drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), translating into novel therapeutic targets. However, knowledge of metabolic and lipid regulation in fibrotic lungs is limited. To comprehensively characterize metabolic perturbations in the bleomycin mouse model of IPF, we analyzed the metabolome and lipidome by mass spectrometry. We identified increased tissue turnover and repair, evident by enhanced breakdown of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and extracellular matrix turnover. Energy production was upregulated, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutaminolysis, lactate production and fatty acid oxidation. Higher eicosanoid synthesis indicated inflammatory processes. Because the risk of IPF increases with age, we investigated how age influences metabolomic and lipidomic changes in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Surprisingly, except for cytidine, we did not detect any significantly differential metabolites or lipids between old and young bleomycin-treated lungs. Together, we identified metabolomic and lipidomic changes in fibrosis that reflect higher energy demand, proliferation, tissue remodeling, collagen deposition and inflammation, which might serve to improve diagnostic and therapeutic options for fibrotic lung diseases in the future.
Ribosome profiling reveals novel regulation of C9ORF72 GGGGCC repeat-containing RNA translation
Authors: van ‘t Spijker Heleen M. , Stackpole Emily E. , Almeida Sandra , Katsara Olga , Liu Botao , Shen Kuang , Schneider Robert J. , Gao Fen-Biao , Richter Joel D.
Published: November 2021

GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in the first intron of C9ORF72 causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Repeat-containing RNA is translated into dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, some of which are neurotoxic. Using dynamic ribosome profiling, we identified three translation initiation sites in the intron upstream of (G4C2) repeats; these sites are detected irrespective of the presence or absence of the repeats. During translocation, ribosomes appear to be stalled on the repeats. An AUG in the preceding C9ORF72 exon initiates a uORF that inhibits downstream translation. Polysome isolation indicates that unspliced (G4C2) repeat-containing RNA is a substrate for DPR protein synthesis. (G4C2) repeat-containing RNA translation is 5′ cap-independent but inhibited by the initiation factor DAP5, suggesting an interplay with uORF function. These results define novel translational mechanisms of expanded (G4C2) repeat-containing RNA in disease.
RESEARCH ON TEACHING, MANAGEMENT AND LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS IN “DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM” OF APPLIED UNDERGRADUATE
Authors: LI HENG , LENG YAHONG , PENG JUAN
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Based on the talent training goals and requirements of applied undergraduate colleges, how to effectively solve the various difficulties and pain points encountered in the teaching of professional courses in applied undergraduate colleges is a new subject faced by applied undergraduate colleges. This paper comprehensively and thoroughly clarifies the pain points of “data structure and algorithm” in application undergraduate course: teaching (syllabus, teachers and teaching materials, teaching methods), management (administrative staff, classroom management), learning (source of students, learning basis, learning atmosphere) ; focuses on the corresponding solutions: teaching (syllabus should highlight the “three goals”, teaching staff should achieve the “three combinations”, teaching materials should reflect the “three natures”, theoretical teaching should highlight the “three characteristics”, practical teaching should highlight the “three natures”), management (administrative staff should achieve the “three insistences”, classroom management should grasp the “three degrees”), learning (promoting the quality of students through high-quality employment, laying a solid foundation of C language theory and practice, and strengthening the education, management and supervision of study style) .The purpose is to ensure that the training of talents meets the requirements and standards of OBE-based engineering education certification. The teaching of related professional courses in similar universities can be used for reference.
ON THE TEACHING DESIGN AND TEACHING PRACTICE OF IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COURSE BASED ON “STUDENT-CENTERED”
Authors: LIAO QINSI , HU RONG
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Education is a human activity and a social activity with human as its object. This “People-oriented” educational philosophy is a trend of thought that has influenced the world since modern times, especially since the middle and late 20th century. Students are the foundation of university, but also the object of university education and the center of university development. The paper, adhering to the “Student-centered learning” approach, designs and practices the ideological and political education in College English curriculum from a multi-dimensional perspective, and discusses how to promote the ideological and political education in College English course.
STUDY ON THE CORRELATION EFFECT OF INCOME LEVEL ON CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY AND INSURANCE BEHAVIOR
Authors: SHI JIAQI , CHEN WEIKE , LI JIAQI , MA YUQI , LIU XIAOYU
Published: November 2021

Abstract. At present, the consumer psychology of some consumers does not match with the insurance behavior because of insufficient income. The performance is that many people who have the intention to insure do not produce the insurance behavior. Therefore, it is one of the insurance marketing strategies that how to break the hesitancy of those people who have the intention to insure to become insurance customers. From the perspective of behavioral economics, this paper puts forward the hypothesis that income level has correlation effect on consumer psychology and insurance behavior, conducts the empirical study, constructs the model of income level—consumer psychology— insurance behavior correlation effect, reveals the transformation mechanism of policy holder’s psychology—willingness—behavior, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions for effectively stimulating consumption to increase the insurance density. Its study value lies in guiding the insurance practice with the basic theory of behavioral insurance, which is helpful for both parties to have a win-win situation and promoting the social security function and coverage of insurance, so as to promote the healthy and orderly development of insurance industry.
Frontiers: Virus Shook the Streaming Star: Estimating the COVID-19 Impact on Music Consumption
Authors: Sim Jaeung , Cho Daegon , Hwang Youngdeok , Telang Rahul
Published: November 2021

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the consumption of audio music streaming?
Editorial: A New Chapter or a New Page for Marketing Science?
Authors: Toubia Olivier
Published: November 2021

Marketing Science authors are facing challenging times, in which we have no monopoly over any topic. Yet we must produce original and relevant research in a timely manner. We are also living through an exciting era in which many constituencies in other academic fields, industry, and public policy are interested in our research and we have the opportunity to have significant impact. The continued success of Marketing Science over the next few years will be the result of the creativity and rigor of authors and the diligence and insight of reviewers, associate editors, and senior editors. The result will be a secured place both among the top business journals and the top social science journals. I plan to do my part by helping to reduce the “time to market” of our research (time from initial submission to acceptance) without compromising on quality and by continuing to invest in Frontiers in Marketing Science.
Time Is Relative: How Framing of Time Estimation Affects the Accuracy of Cost Information
Authors: Schuhmacher Karl , Burkert Michael
Published: November 2021

Accurate cost information is critical to effective decision making within organizations. Cost computations often rely on subjective judgments by employees regarding the amount of time that different tasks consume. In an experimental setting, we examine the accuracy of two common approaches to eliciting subjective time estimates vital for accurate cost information. Specifically, we compare estimation error when employees estimate (i) the total time for all iterations of a task (the pool approach) versus (ii) the average time for one iteration of a task (the unit approach). These two approaches have received interest by both practitioners and researchers and are at the heart of the difference between conventional activity-based costing (ABC) and time-driven ABC. While mathematically equivalent, we hypothesize and find that the two approaches evoke different cognitive processes that lead to differences in estimation error. Relative to the unit approach, the pool approach produces larger error in the allocation of time among different tasks, but only when the number of iterations per task varies across tasks. Further, the pool approach results in overestimation of productive time, whereas the unit approach leads to underestimation of productive time. Our findings are robust to different response modes of the pool approach (estimates in absolute time units and in percentages). This study is relevant for designers and users of cost and performance-measurement systems in that allocation errors lead to cost cross-subsidization and poor resource-allocation decisions, while overall errors undermine capacity utilization decisions.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
الأسس الأخلاقية وعلاقتها بالأبعاد الثلاثة للتسلطية والسلوك السياسي لدى طلبة الجامعات في محافظات غزة
Authors: أبو نجيلة سفيان
Published: November 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التحقق من صحة بعض الافتراضات !النظرية الأسس الأخلاقية!.، وبعض آراء الباحثين التي ترى أن الاختلاف في الاتجاهات السياسية، وما يمثله من خلافات سياسية، ربما تعكس -في جزء منها- الاختلافات في الأسس الأخلاقية. واستخدم الباحث عينة عشوائية من طلبة ثلاث جامعات من كبرى الجامعات في محافظات غزة، وهي: جامعة الأزهر والجامعة الإسلامية وجامعة الأقصى، بلغ عدد مفرداتها ١١٠٥ طلاب ذكورا واءناقا من المنتمين وغير المنتمين للتذظيماتا/الحركات السياسية الفلسطينية وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة انه توجد علاقة ارتباطية عكسية دالة بين السلوك السياسي وجميع أبعاد مقياس الأسس الأخلاقية، ما عدا بعد الولاء للجماعة فكان الارتباط موجبا. كما توجد علاقة ارتباطية طردية دالة إحصائبا بين جميع أبعاد مقياس الأسس الأخلاقية وجميع أبعاد مقياس التسلطية، ما عدا بعد الولاء للجماعة فكان الارتباط عكسيا. كما وبينت نتائج تحليل الانحدار التدريجي صحة، افتراضر نظرية الأسس الأخلاقية، نسبيا، إذ تنبأت غالبية متغيرات الأسس الأخلاقية بالدرجة الكلية للتسلطية وابعادها الثلاثة، وتنبأت بعض متغيرات الأسس الأخلاقية، بالسلوك السياسي. كما وبينت النتائج وجود فروق دالة في الأسس الأخلاقية والسلوك السياسي، بين المنتمين وغير المنتمين للتنظيمات الفلسطينية، وجاءت الفروق في الأسس الأخلاقية في اتجاه غير المنتمين، بينما جاءت الفروق في السلوك السياسي، في اتجاه المنتمين، ولم تبين النتائج وجود أية فروق دالة في التسلطية بأبعادها الثلاثة. واخيرا، بينت النتائج وجود فروق دالة في كل من التسلطية بأبعادها الثلاثة ودرجتها الكلية، والسلوك السياسي، بين المنتمين لحماس والمنتمين لفتح، وجاءت الغروق في اتجاه المنتمين لحماس، في حين لم تبين النتائج وجود أية فروق دالة إحصائيا في الأسس الأخلاقية بين المجموعتين
Mathematical Achievement as a Proxy for Measuring Quality of Education among Non-Native English Speakers // التّحصيل الرّياضيّ مؤشّرًا لقياس جودة التّعليم لدى غير
النّاطقين بالإنجليزيّة
Authors: Ahmed F. Fasfous  , Natalia Hidalgo-Ruzzante  , Raquel Vilar-López  , Mario Gálvez-Lara  , Miguel Pérez-García
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the role of mathematical achievement in explaining cultural differences in neuropsychological performance. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was
administrated to 54 individuals from two different cultures: (27 Spaniard and 27 Colombians). Several studies have demonstrated that the quality of education measured by reading
ability tests may explain cultural differences in neuropsychological test performance. These studies have been conducted mostly among English speakers within the same educational
system. Being a non-phonemic language, English allows for the reading of low-frequency words to be used as a measure of the quality of education. However, this might not be useful
in the case of phonemic languages, such as Spanish. Moreover, it is difficult to compare the quality of education measured by reading ability in cultures with different languages
or different educational systems. The results of this study reveal significant differences between these group on the majority of neuropsychological tests. All these differences
disappeared when the effect of mathematical achievement was controlled. Thus, mathematical achievement may be considered as a measure of quality of education when studying cultural
neuropsychological differences.
The Effect of Length on Word Recognition (in Reading): The Case of Arabic // تأثير طول الكلمة على دقة القراءة: العربية كدراسة حالة
Authors: Deia Ganayim  , Shireen Ganayim
Published: November 2021

In this study, two experiments were conducted to assess the role of word length in visual word recognition. In Experiment 1 two lists of Arabic three and five letter words were used in a print word-reading task which measured accuracy and reading time. In Experiment 2, three, four and five letter words were displayed in the center of fixation on a screen in a naming task measuring accuracy and naming time. In reading, two contrasting processes have been suggested: the holistic process and the analytical process. According to the holistic process, the recognition of a word is determined by its global features and configuration. Consequently, reading consists of the simultaneous processing of all the letters of a word in parallel. In contrast, according to the analytical process, reading is a sequential screening of all the letters within a particular word. Length effect—that is, short words are recognized more rapidly and accurately than long words—is the signature of analytical processing of the non-lexical route due to its seriality which is caused by assembled phonology. The results of both experiments revealed that the average reading time of Arabic words from paper and screen was affected by word length, reflecting certain analytical processes and the activation of a non-lexical route, in which letters are processed sequentially.
Report: A Comprehensive Student Support Program in Mental Health // برنامج دعم طلابي شامل للصحة النفسية
Authors: Sherein Abdeen  , Samah Jabr  , Michael Morse  , Katherine Lyman  , Elizabeth Berger
Published: November 2021

In response to an identified need to improve the emotional resilience of children in Palestine, the Palestinian Medical Education Initiative (PMED) developed a comprehensive program to support student mental health that was delivered at a private school in East Jerusalem in 2015–2016. This report describes the structure and function of the comprehensive program, in which training was provided for all school staff and for parents in a series of meetings and workshops, in addition to the establishment of a permanent school-based Taskforce, led by the trainer, consisting of two teachers, the principal, and the guidance counselor. The report also outlines the processes of outcomes measurement and evaluation of this program.

The aim of the Taskforce was to develop school-wide programming supporting student resilience and to make specific plans to address individual students who had been identified with behavioral or learning problems. The success of this pilot program demonstrates the effectiveness of the training/Taskforce model and suggests that future policy planning and research in Palestine consider adopting similar comprehensive student support programs.
0.1–5  MHz ultrahigh-speed gas density distributions using digital holographic interferometry
Authors: Rodrigues Neil S. , Brown Alex D. , Meyer Terrence R. , Lucht Robert P.
Published: November 2021

Gas density distributions for an underexpanded jet at several different pressure ratios were measured at ultrahigh speeds in this work using digital holographic interferometry (DHI). DHI measurements have generally been performed on the order of several Hz in the literature, although some recent groups report measurements at 10 and 100 kHz. We demonstrate 2D imaging of gas density distributions at imaging rates up to 5 MHz, which is an increase by a factor of 50 compared to the previous DHI literature. A narrow-linewidth, continuous-wave laser was used in a Mach–Zehnder configuration, and the holograms were recorded using one of two different CMOS cameras. The interferograms were analyzed using the Fourier method, and a phase unwrapping was performed. Axisymmetric flow was assumed for the region near the nozzle exit, and an Abel inversion was performed to generate a planar-slice gas density distribution from the line-of-sight unwrapped phase. The challenges and opportunities associated with performing DHI measurements at ultrahigh speeds are discussed.
Prism-shaped hyperlens for subwavelength focusing of light
Authors: Deel Ahmad Jalali , Alighanbari Abbas
Published: November 2021

Subwavelength focusing of light is on-demand for overcoming the diffraction limit of light for applications such as photolithography. A prism-shaped hyperlens capable of focusing incident light to a subwavelength scale is proposed. The lens lifts the complexity of previous structures and achieves a spot size of about

λ
0

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at the free-space wavelength

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=

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. Another feature of the proposed lens is that it consists of planar input and output ports, which have been a design challenge for focusing lenses in recent years.