bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical evidence against U.S. H1-B visa restrictions, the case of employment in the manufacturing industry
Authors: Gjoci Erjon
Published: November 2021

This empirical research paper provides ample evidence for policy makers to readdress the immigration policy--especially H1-B visa cap restrictions. The paper is focused on employment shifts and human capital achievement for two groups: the U.S. born and foreign-born working within the United States manufacturing industry. The manufacturing industry is the largest industry employer in the country, and it is in the brink of being at a disadvantage in the global stage due to labor shortage as the workforce ages. The paper uses data for three-year periods--2000, 2010, and 2019--from U.S. Census, The American Community Survey (ACS), Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) files, thus providing an overview in labor trends and the human capital needed for the industry to be competitive. The paper builds from the Mincer (1974) earnings function to determine hourly wages for the two groups and then uses the Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) method to measure potential bias between the U.S. born and foreign-born employees in the manufacturing industry. The results in this paper align with other recent research findings (Gest et al., 2021; Eckstein & Peri, 2018) that show immigration as a tool to economic competitiveness. The data trends and findings in this paper synchronize with Borjas and Edo (2021) insights indicating that the native-born may respond to supply shocks of immigration by moving to other labor markets that are not directly affected by immigration.
Grain trade between China and the United States shapes the spatial genetic pattern of common ragweed populations in East China cities
Authors: lu Siran , Luo Xiangyu , Wang Hongfang , Gentili Rodolfo , Citterio Sandra , Yang Jingyi , Jin Jing , Li Jianguang , Yang Jun
Published: November 2021

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive alien species (IAS) that can cause severe allergies among urban residents. Understanding its invasion pathways is critical for designing effective control programs. However, studies on the invasion of common ragweed normally skip urban areas. Results from a few studies based on analyzing occurrence records contain high uncertainties. We attempted to address this knowledge gap through a case study in East China cities by combining the population genetic method with the occurrence records. We first collected leaf samples of 37 common ragweed populations from 15 cities. We then quantified the spatial genetic pattern of common ragweed populations by analyzing genomic and chloroplast DNA extracted from the leaf samples. Combined with the analysis of occurrence data and trade data, we discovered that multiple introductions have impacted the spatial genetic pattern of common ragweed populations in East China Cities. We inferred that the modern-day grain trade between the United States and China could be the primary invasion source while the bridgehead introduction passage through Japan played a minor role. Among the studied cities, Nanjing and Shenyang dispersed more gene flows than other cities. The two cities' central roles in transportation and grain importation might explain the observed pattern. Based on our findings, we suggest that invasive species control programs should consider the potential role of cities as landing points and dispersal hubs of common ragweed in invaded countries.
Genome-wide SSR Markers in Bottle Gourd: Development, Characterization, Utilization in Assessment of Genetic Diversity of National Genebank of India and Synteny With Other Related Cucurbits
Authors: Bonthala Bhawna , Verma Manjusha , Abdin M Z , Arya Lalit , Pandey Chithra D , Dixit Ved , Yadav Priya
Published: November 2021

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley is an important cultivated crop with its immense importance in pharmaceutical industry and as vegetable. Its seed, root, stem, leaves, flower and fruit are used as an ointment for ailment of various diseases throughout Asia. Despite its worldwide importance,informative co-dominant microsatellite markers in the bottle gourd crop are very restricted, impeding geneticimprovement, cultivar identification and phylogenetic studies. Next generation sequencing has revolutionizedthe approaches for discovery, assessment and validation of molecular markers. We conducted a genome wideanalysis, for developing SSR markers by utilizing restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) data.By performing in silico mining of microsatellite repeat-motifs, we developed 45,066 perfect SSR markers. Ofwhich 203 markers were successfully validated and 101 (49.75%) polymorphic primer pairs were utilized for anin depth genetic diversity and population structure analysis of 96 accessions from the National Genebank ofIndia. Tetranucleotide repeats (∼34.3%) were the most prevalent followed by trinucleotide repeats (∼30.73%),further 21.03%, 9.6% and 4.3% of di-, penta- and hexa- nucleotide repeats in the bottle gourd genome. Syntenyof SSR markers on 11 bottle gourd linkage groups was correlated with the 7 chromosomes of cucumber(93.2%), 12 chromosomes of melon (87.4%) and 11 watermelon (90.8%). The generated SSR markers providea valuable tool for germplasm characterization, genetic linkage map construction, studying synteny, genediscovery and for breeding in bottle gourd and other cucurbits species.
Web Accessibility Interventions for Citizens Living with Cognitive Impairment: A Rapid Evidence Assessment
Authors: Flynn Paul , Gartland Sara , Cullen Joe , Carneiro Maria Ana , Fialho Jose de Sousa , Holloway Greg , Cullen Clare , Hamilton Emma , Harris Amy
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThere is a clear and pressing need to understand the barriers to technology user experience, particularly in relation to people with cognitive disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent expansion of digital technologies associated with education, wellness and employment only makes the need to understand how people with cognitive disabilities interact with such technologies, within the naturalistic context of their lifeworld, increasingly urgent. Therefore a necessary first step is to develop a baseline understanding of the current state of web accessibility for people with cognitive disabilities. Thus, the purpose of this review is to conduct baseline research to understand the factors and processes that inhibit access to online content and services for people with cognitive impairments.MethodsThis systematic, rapid evidence assessment, review will employ a search strategy using defined terms within agreed search strings in the following databases: Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, ERIC and ProQuest. Internet searching through Google Scholar will be carried out as well as forward and backward tracking of citations from studies that are included in the review. All results, screening process results will be documented in tabular form and communicated in a PRISMA flow diagram. In addition, the research team consider it necessary to carry out a grey literature search due to the nature of the work being investigated. The expertise within the research team indicated that many programmes that support people with cognitive impairments do not formally report their work through academic dissemination pathways. Consequently it is intended that a grey literature search will be carried out to supplement that findings of study. In contrast to the focus on studies published in English for peer review returns, the grey literature search will actively seek out returns across all languages of the European Union.DiscussionThis rapid review protocol will focus on citizens ages 9 and up who live with cognitive impairment and establish a baseline for best practice in supporting web accessibility for people with cognitive impairments. It will achieve this by providing a time limited state-of-the-art evidence report, specific to the challenges people with cognitive impairment, that will help those involved in policy development, policy response initiatives and localised activity. It is intended that, depending on the outcome of the review process, additional opportunities for innovation and/or research may be communicated to relevant stakeholders and policy makers.Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol has been submitted to the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO, and is currently under review. Reference No. 269245.
CoViD-19 als Katalysator für die digitale Professionalisierung angehender Lehrpersonen?
Authors: Schwabl Franziska , Vogelsang Christoph
Published: November 2021

Die CoViD-19-Pandemie ab Frühjahr 2020 und die pandemiebedingten Kontaktbeschränkungen hatten erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die studienbegleitenden Praxisphasen im Lehramtsstudium. Studierende, die ihr Praxissemester im Sommersemester 2020 absolvierten, waren in der Folge erheblich von Einschränkungen sowohl während der universitären Begleitveranstaltungen als auch in den Praxisschulen betroffen. Durch die überwiegende Umstellung von Präsenzformaten zu digitalem Lehren und Lernen auf Distanz ist die Annahme naheliegend, dass Studierende vermehrt die Möglichkeit hatten, Erfahrungen mit digitalen Lernformaten zu machen. Anhand einer Sekundäranalyse der Befragung einer Kohorte von Praxissemesterstudierenden der Universität Paderborn (N=362) kann allerdings gezeigt werden, dass der erwartete Möglichkeitsraum für eine digitale Professionalisierung keineswegs ausgeschöpft bzw. überhaupt genutzt wurde. Vielmehr zeigte sich, dass angehende Lehrpersonen digitale Medien vor allem dann in den eigenen Unterricht einbetten, wenn diese in der mentoriellen Begleitung thematisiert wurde oder während Hospitationen beobachtet werden konnte. Zudem deuten die Analysen an, dass ungünstige Professionalisierungsbedingungen an den Praxisschulen nur bedingt durch die universitären Anteile der Praxisphasen aufgefangen werden konnten. Für die Gestaltung der universitären Lehrpersonenausbildung ergibt sich daher u. a. die Notwendigkeit einer intensiveren Kooperation zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren der drei Phasen der Lehrpersonenbildung.
Effects of Exogenous Gibberellic Acid in Huanglongbing-affected Sweet Orange Trees under Florida Conditions – I. Flower Bud Emergence and Flower Formation
Authors: Tang Lisa , Singh Garima , Dewdney Megan , Vashisth Tripti
Published: November 2021

Under Florida conditions, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) affected by Huanglongbing {HLB [Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)]} frequently exhibits irregular flowering patterns, including off-season flowering and prolonged bloom period. Such patterns can increase the opportunity for temporal and spatial proliferation of pathogens that infect flower petals, including the fungal causal agent for postbloom fruit drop (PFD) Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds. For the development of strategies to manipulate flowering, the effects of floral inhibitor gibberellic acid (GA3) sprayed monthly at full- and half-strength rates (49 and 25 g·ha−1, or 33 and 17 mg·L−1, respectively) with different regimens, starting from September and ending in November, December, or January, on the pattern of spring bloom were evaluated in field-grown HLB-affected ‘Valencia’ sweet orange at two locations in subsequent February through April for two separate years in this study. To further examine whether GA3 effects on flowering patterns vary in different cultivars, early-maturing ‘Navel’ sweet orange trees receiving no GA3 or full-strength GA3 monthly in September through January were included. Overall, for ‘Valencia’ sweet orange, monthly applications of GA3 at 49 g·ha−1 from September to December not only minimized the incidence of scattered emergence of flower buds and open flowers before the major bloom but also shortened the duration of flowering, compared with the untreated control trees. In addition, exogenous GA3 led to decreased leaf flowering locus t (FT) expression starting in December, as well as reduced expression of its downstream flower genes in buds during later months. When applied monthly from September through January at 49 g·ha−1, similar influences of exogenous GA3 on repressing flower bud formation and compressing bloom period were observed in ‘Navel’ sweet orange. These results suggest that by effectively manipulating flowering in HLB-affected sweet orange trees under the Florida climate conditions, exogenous GA3 may be used to reduce early sporadic flowering and thereby shorten the window of C. acutatum infection that causes loss in fruit production.
Genetic Resistance of Lactuca spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Race 1
Authors: Murray Jesse J. , Hisamutdinova Gulnoz , Sandoya Germán V. , Raid Richard N. , Slinski Stephanie
Published: November 2021

Fusarium wilt of lettuce is caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (Fol) and is a growing threat to global lettuce production. Fol was first detected in Florida in 2017 and was subsequently confirmed as race 1. Management strategies for this long-persisting soil pathogen are limited, time-consuming and expensive, and they may lack efficacy. Identifying diverse sources of genetic resistance is imperative for breeding adapted cultivars with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of resistance against a race 1 isolate of Fol in Florida, delineate the relationship between foliar and taproot symptoms, and investigate the inheritance of resistance and partial resistance in two F2 populations. Thirteen experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field locations to characterize the diversity of genetic resistance in the genus Lactuca. Leaf cultivars Dark Lollo Rossa and Galactic; romaine breeding lines 43007, 60182, and C1145; and iceberg breeding line 47083 consistently exhibited low foliar and taproot disease symptoms. Resistance was not identified among the wildtype Lactuca or primitive plant introductions (PI) in this study based on taproot symptoms. An additional test was conducted to study the segregation pattern of Fol resistance between one resistant and one susceptible accession (R × S) and one partial resistant and one susceptible accession (PR × S). The F2 population from ‘60182 × PI 358001-1’ fit the expected segregation ratio for a single recessive locus model, whereas the ratio for ‘Dark Lollo Rossa × PI 358001-1’ did not fit either recessive or dominant single locus models. These sources of resistance are potential candidates for developing commercial cultivars with multiple resistance loci against Fol race 1, especially for the Florida lettuce production system.
Implementation of non-pharmaceutical intervention of COVID-19 in MRT through engineering controlled queue line using participatory ergonomics approach
Authors: Sugiono Sugiono , Satrio N Willy , Anggara Teuku , Nurlaela Siti , Kusuma Andyka , Wicaksono Achmad , Lukodono Rio P.
Published: November 2021

The viral transmission in public places and transportations can be minimized by following the world health organization (WHO) guideline. However, the uncertainty in a dynamic system complicates the social engagement to the physical distancing regulation. This study aims to overcome this obstacle in MRT stations and train by developing an adaptive queue line system. The system was developed using low-cost hardware and open-source software to guide passengers using visual information. The system works by capturing seat images and identify the presence of humans using a cloud machine learning service. The physical representation of MRT was translated to data representation using the internet of things (IoT). The data then streamed using an asynchronous API with a representative endpoint. The endpoint is then accessed by a display computer in the destination station platform to provide visual information. The visual information was ergonomically designed with visual display principles, including the minimum content load, layout, color combination, and dimension of contents. The design of the system was evaluated by Markov simulation of virus transmission in train and usability testing of the visual design. The implementation of the system has balanced the queue line capacity in station and crowd spots distribution in MRT. The system was effective due to the visual cortex manipulation by visual information. Consequently, the aerosol and falling droplets' viral transmission radius can be reduced. Accordingly, the chance for airborne transmission can be lowered. Therefore, the adaptive queue line system is a non-pharmaceutical intervention of viral transmission diseases in public transportation
Revealing changes in the technical parameters of the teat cup liners of milking machines during testing and production conditions
Authors: Paliy Andriy , Aliiev Elchyn , Paliy Anatoliy , Ishchenko Katerina , Lukyanov Igor , Dobrovolsky Volodymyr , Yurchenko Oksana , Chekan Oleksandr , Dedilova Tetiana , Musiienko Yurii
Published: November 2021

To implement effective cow milking, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the milk flow process, the milking machine's adaptability to perform the given technological functions. The aim of research is to establish changes in the design and technological parameters and physical and mechanical properties of teat cup liner of milking machines during its testing and in production conditions. The results obtained will make it possible to make a rational choice of rubber, ensure an efficient milking process during its service life. It is found that the tensile strength of silicone teat cup liner at the beginning of operation was 1.6 times higher than that of a rubber compound, and after 6 months. operation – 1.7 times. With respect to the relative elongation, this difference was 1.4 times, and after operating time – 1.3 times. Studies have proven that rubber during operation changes its physical and mechanical properties: the length of the active part increased by 3.1 mm; wall thickness – 0.2 mm. It is found that the most intensively elastic properties of teat cup liner changed during the first 10–20 days. After 10 days, the closing vacuum increased by 16.6 % compared to the initial one, and after 20 days by 23.3 %, which amounted to 8.57 and 9.06 kPa, respectively. Up to 420 hours of operation, the clamping vacuum reached 11.3 kPa, which is 5.8 % lower than the requirements for toughening teat cup liner for rejection. In general, over the period of experiments, the average value of the vacuum of closing the opposite walls of teat cup liner increased from 7.35 to 12.43 kPa, which is 3.6 % higher than the norm (12 kPa). As a result of experimental studies, the regularity of the rubber tension force depending on the operating time in the form of a fourth degree polynomial is obtained. It is found that after 150 hours of operation, the tensile force of teat cup liner decreased by 21 %
The investigation of natural-rubber for improving self-powered heat detector based on thermoelectric generators
Authors: Prathepha Krittanon , Sa-ngiamvibool Worawat
Published: November 2021

Fire hazard has destroyed humanity creations. Fire detectors have been developed by using different techniques. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a part of energy harvesting which is able to convert heat into electricity because of temperature difference between hot and cold side of thermoelectric device (TE). Different materials are used for thermoelectric generators which depend on the characteristics of the heat source, heat sink and the design of the thermoelectric generator. Many thermoelectric generator materials are currently undergoing research. This paper presented an investigation of seeking an alternative way of detecting fire hazard by developing architecture prototype of a fire detection technique using natural rubber. The thermoelectric prototype used self-powered device which improved the temperature difference gap and stabilized the cold side of TE alongside natural rubber as the cooling material. The technique is relatively simple system realization based on three viable components, i.e. a heat sensor, a low-power RF-transmitter and a RF-receiver. The heat sensor is designed and fabricated by thermoelectric and heat sink with natural rubber (NR) coating. The NR coating is heat absorption reduction. Therefore, the temperature difference is wildly resulting in the higher TE output voltage. The voltage is also supplied to the low-power RF transmitter module. In case of fire hazard, the temperature increases from 26 to 100 °C , the prototype can operate successfully. This technique will solve potentially the power supply issue in fluctuated situations. The rubber coating from rubber trees in Thailand would be a value chain added for bio-economy, supporting a sustainable development goal of the country
Experimental partitioning of fluorine and barium in lamproites
Authors: Ezad Isra S. , Foley Stephen F.
Published: November 2021

The dynamic properties and melting behavior of the Earth’s mantle are strongly influenced by the presence of volatile species, including water, carbon dioxide, and halogens. The role that halogens play in the mantle has not yet been fully quantified: their presence in only small quantities has dramatic effects on the stability of mantle minerals, melting temperatures, and in generating halogen-rich melts such as lamproites. Lamproites are volumetrically small volcanic deposits but are found on every continent on the planet: they are thought to be melts generated from volatile-rich mantle sources rich in fluorine and water. To clarify the mantle sources of lamproites, we present experimentally determined mineral/melt partition coefficients for fluorine and barium between phlogopite and lamproite melts. Both fluorine and barium are compatible in phlogopite [DF(Phl/Melt)0.96 ± 0.02 – 3.44 ± 0.33, DBa(Phl/Melt)0.52 ± 0.05 – 3.68 ± 0.43] at a range of pressures (5–30 kbar), temperatures (1000–1200 °C), and fluid compositions (C-O-H mixtures). Using our partition coefficients, we model the melt compositions produced by potential lamproite sources, including phlogopite garnet lherzolite, phlogopite harzburgite, and hydrous pyroxenite. The results demonstrate that hydrous pyroxenites and phlogopite garnet lherzolite can produce melts with F and Ba contents similar to lamproites, but only hydrous pyroxenites fully reproduce other geochemical characteristics of lamproites including high K2O, low CaO contents, and high F/H2O ratios.
The influence of flushing fluids rheological properties on rock breaking efficiency when drilling wells by pellet impact drilling method
Authors:   PhD student, Oil and Gas Engineering Department, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Isaev Evgenii D.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Pellet impact drilling method which is basically the destruction of rocks by blows of pellets, has been studied by many researchers. Despite this, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid used in pellet impact drilling have not been investigated yet. All bench and field tests were carried out using service water. The use of a drilling fluid with a higher viscosity than water has the potential to expand the field of application of pellet impact drilling. Therefore, it becomes urgent to study the effectiveness of destruction of rocks when using flushing fluids with different rheological parameters. Objective of this research is to investigate the efficiency of rock destruction in the process of drilling wells using the pellet impact drilling method at various rheological parameters of the drilling fluid. Methods of research. A scaled laboratory bench was used in the research. The bench was a closed system of circulation of the drilling fluid (drilling mud). The solution was prepared separately on a high-speed mixer. The main part of the bench was a scaled pellet drill bit located in a simulated well. After the experiment, the destructed rock volume and the rheological parameters of the flushing fluid were measured. A series of experiments was carried out with a gradual increase in the viscosity of the flushing fluid. A biopolymer (xanthan gum) in various concentrations was used to thicken the flushing fluid. Drilling fluid rheological parameters were measured using an eight-speed rotary viscometer and a Marsh funnel. Results. For the first time, a relationship has been established between the efficiency of rock destruction during pellet impact drilling and the rheological parameters of the drilling fluid used. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of biopolymer and an increase in viscosity, at first, there was a significant increase in the volume of drilled rock per unit time, and with a further increase in concentration, a gradual decrease occurs. Conclusions. The results obtained expand the field of application of pellet impact drilling. The reliability of predicting the drilling speed is improved depending on changes in the properties of the drilling fluid. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the selection of the optimal parameters of the drilling fluid, depending on the drilling conditions.
Developing the technology of associated gold recovery when concentrating copper-pyrite ore
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Evdokimov Sergei I. , Gerasimenko Tatiana E. ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)
Published: November 2021

Research objective is to address an up to date task of developing the technology of associated gold recovery from complex ore. Object of research is the gold-bearing copper-pyrite ore. Gold was recovered in laboratory conditions with the use of gravity methods of mineral separation. Research tools. Rational modes of machinery operation have been determined through mathematical planning of experiments including the obtained results processing by mathematical and statistical methods. Methods of research. Gold was recovered in the grinding-classification circuit based on a seriesinstalled short-cone hydrocyclone, a jigging machine and a shaking table. Research results. The developed jig mode differs from the existing ones by the closed-circuit of jig machine chambers: from the feed of the second (in the direction of the light fraction travel) jig chamber, the light fraction (tailings) and undersize product – fraction with the increased content of accessory minerals (rough concentrate) are separated. The rough concentrate in the second chamber is directed to the first chamber of the machine, where the finished jig concentrate is obtained in the form of an undersize product. The light fraction moves from the first chamber to the second and is removed from the machine through the tail board. When fine-tuning the heavy fraction of jigging on a shaking table, it is recommended to mix 1/2 part of the initial feed of the tables with the rough concentrate isolated from the other 1/2 of the original feed. The new jigging mode and the scheme of concentration on the tables provide an increase in the gold content in the initial feed of the apparatus, which is the reason for a decrease in gold losses with the tails of the gravity circuit. Research relevance. Gold recovery increment by 4.77% was obtained due to the use of all three recommended scientific and technical measures, namely sands concentration in a short head cone crusher on a jig, switching the jig chambers to a closed circuit, and jet motion of concentrates on shaking tables. Scope of the results. The results should be applied when concentrating ore containing free (amalgamable) gold, as well as gold-bearing pyrite.
Numerical modeling of open pit ventilation when varying the location of the dust and gas cloud
Authors:   Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems KSC RAS, Amosov Pavel V.
Published: November 2021

Research objective is to estimate the effect of bulk explosion location and the initial height of the dust and gas cloud on open-pit natural ventilation time and the level of air contamination of the upper edge of the open pit down the wind. Methods of research. Computer modeling of aerodynamics and gaseous component transfer in the 2D geometry is carried out with the COMSOL software. To calculate the aerodynamic characteristics, the approximation of the incompressible fluid with the standard k–ε turbulence model was carried out. Gaseous component distribution was modeled using the numerical solution to the convection-diffusion equation of contaminant transfer. Numerical experiments under the fixed initial concentration of the gaseous component and the speed of the incoming wind flow have been carried out for three locations of bulk explosions and six values of the initial height (from 70 to 420 m with a step of 70 m) of the dust and gas cloud. Research results and analysis. Spatial distributions of the model’s aerodynamic characteristics and contaminants gaseous component when reaching the maximum permissible concentration in the modeled area have been obtained. The estimated time of the open-pit natural ventilation and the dynamics of the open-pit upper edge air contamination dynamics down the wind have been analyzed. The complex and diversified nature of open pit ventilation for various locations of bulk explosions has been recorded. The undulating character of contaminant loss has been predicted (with different heights of peaks) conditioned by the presence of vortex formation in the open pit. Conclusion and scope of results. For the recirculation scheme of ventilation, the situations with the bulk explosion locations shifted to the windward edge of the open pit are the longest. It has been shown that the reduction in the dust and gas cloud lift does not always ensure the reduction in the contamination level at the upper edge of the open pit down the wind.
Mine surveying technique and steel storage tank base deformation removal
Authors:   PhD (Engineering), associate professor of the Department of Metallurgy and Mining, Barulin Aleksandr I.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Vertical steel tanks are extensively used in oil fields to hold crude oil and other liquids. Their construction requires continuous surveying control. However, measurement procedures, data processing, and deviations and documentation correction are not universal and cannot be applied for tanks with a capacity of less than 3000 m3. Moreover, the process of correcting the detected bottom irregularities is poorly substantiated and intuitive. Research objective is to improve the as-built survey accuracy and reliability of the low-capacity steel tank bottom, substantiate the minimum height of its irregularities, increase the objectivity and productivity of measurement processing, develop an unambiguous method for time-predictable correction of bottom irregularities, and substantiate the optimal contents of its relief’s as-built scheme. Methods of research. Geometric leveling for the bottom profile survey failed to provide adequate accuracy and was therefore replaced by the method of trigonometric leveling. A method has been developed for determining the deviations of the existent tank bottom profile from the design position by means of algebraic actions with surfaces of a topographic order. The accuracy of determining the smallest height of bottom irregularities has been estimated under the tacheometric survey. A method has been proposed for controlling the correction of tank bottom irregularities based on evaluation calculations of bottom deformations by the finite element method. Research results. All the development results are exemplified by a specific production example. It was found that for a full completion of work, two iterations of tank bottom irregularities correction are enough. Methods of optimal design for the facility’s as-built schemes are presented. Conclusions. A simple, accurate, low-cost, productive, and time-predictable method of mine surveying, mathematical processing and correction of deviations in the tank bottom profile has been developed. This technique reduces the construction period and increases the operating time of the facility.
Formally proving whether the software implementation of models applied in instrumentation and control systems conform to the specified requirements
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Lapin Eduard S. , Abdrakhmanov Marat I. ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: November 2021

Research objective is to study the possibility to formally validate whether the model’s software implementation meets all the specified requirements of the systems, the model of which can be represented in the form of finite-state automata. Research relevance. At one of the first stages, the development of software for instrumentation and control systems provides for the creation of the system model. The model is based on the terms of reference, specification, and various a priori information. Most of the models for engineering systems in the modern mining industry (conveyor systems, ventilation systems, etc.) can be described in terms of the finite state automaton model. Such a model can be applied to solve diverse tasks. The next step is to implement the model in whole or in part. In this context, the task arises to determine the model’s software implementation conformity to its initial description. Results. One way to solve the task is to formally prove that the software model possesses the properties which are provided in the specification (description) of the initial model. By the example of the mine conveyor system, the paper illustrates the application of the method which consists in the software implementation of the corresponding finite-state automaton model, forecasting whether the model possesses the properties through theorems and their subsequent proof by applying special software. Conclusions. Formal methods of specification, development, and verification of system models’ software implementation together with other methods make it possible to improve the quality and reliability of solutions under development.
Factorial confirmatory analysis to measure the perception of labor inclusion of people with disabilities
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Saúl , Magaña-Medina Deneb Elí , Guzmán Fernández Candelaria
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The objective of this scientific approach was to validate through confirmatory factor analysis a measurement model to determine the perceived importance of the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the labor market, in employees who work or interact during the course of their duties with disabled employees.
Method: The study had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, was carried out in 4 organizations: a Higher Education Institution, two private sector agencies and a public administration institution, in the Southeast of Mexico; where a total of 120 employees who work or interact during the course of their duties with partners with disabilities participated, the participants were also sought to belong to different departments of those organizations. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine the psychometric properties of the instrument.                       
Results: The proposed model ratified by means of confirmatory factor analysis the values of the main fit indicators (X 2 =40.15, p=.216; CMIN/DF= 1.18; CFI=.97; GFI= .91, IFI=.97; RMSEA=.04; CI 90 [.00-.09]).
Discussion or conclusion: The results confirm the empirical sustainability of the proposed model to measure the perception on the occupational inclusion of people with disabilities" (POIPD) in organizations with at least one partner with disabilities, the data presented show evidence of a sustainable factor model.
Optimización del proceso de elaboración de Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC) mediante el control granulométrico de las partículas del Suelo
Authors: Guillén Guillén César Armando , Muciño Vélez Alberto , Guerrero Baca Luis Fernando , Cruz Farrera Francisco José
Published: November 2021

Introducción: el siguiente estudio se enfoca en el análisis granulométrico de suelos, utilizando una tierra de la localidad de Cuauhtémoc, Villa flores, Chiapas, México, para determinar su posible uso en la elaboración de Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC). El fin del estudio es lograr resistencias mecánicas adecuadas sin emplear estabilización química.
Método: el procedimiento de caracterización inicial de las muestras de tierra se desarrolló mediante determinación granulométrica y límites de consistencia, lo que permitió identificar el suelo por su curva granulométrica y resistencia a compresión axial. La discusión surgió de la identificación en la normativa existente para los BTC en España y México que establecen intervalos granulométricos demasiado amplios y no parecen darle importancia a lograr un acomodo óptimo de la curva granulométrica, forzando la estabilización química. Se idealizó un rango granulométrico para BTC ajustando límites máximos y mínimos de los distintos tamaños de partículas que conforman a las muestras y se estableció el porcentaje de agua inicial a partir del índice de plasticidad. Después se elaboró 3 series con cinco probetas de tierra comprimida en cada configuración, variando la curva granulométrica, porcentaje de agua y presión de elaboración con el fin de mejorar su resistencia a la compresión.
Resultados: los resultados describen un notable mejoramiento en el comportamiento de la tierra como bloque comprimido cuando se realiza el ajuste granulométrico. Con la mezcla diseñada, se incrementó la resistencia del BTC de 32.5 kg/cm2 a 54.75 kg/cm2 al ajustar el porcentaje de agua y presión nominal de elaboración.
Conclusión: se concluye que es posible optimizar el uso de la tierra para la construcción controlando la granulometría, contenido de agua y presión nominal de la materia prima, lográndose resistencias mecánicas superiores a 50 kg/cm2 sin emplear cemento, asfalto ni cal como estabilizantes.
Sustainability of water facilities under community based management in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kativhu Tendai , Madzivanyika Trevor T. , Nunu Wilfred N. , Macherera Margaret , Chinyama Annatoria
Published: November 2021

Community Based Management (CBM) has been envisaged as a panacea to sustainability challenges faced in the Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector globally. In spite of this approach having success stories, studies have shown that failures are also being recorded. This study investigated the sustainability of rural water supply facilities under the CBM approach in Chipinge District of Zimbabwe. The specific objectives were to assess the technical, financial and institutional factors influencing sustainability. A cross sectional study design was used. Data was collected using Focus Group Discussions, Key Informant Interviews, household questionnaires and an observation checklist. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel while qualitative data was analysed using the thematic approach. Results showed that the technical factors which are influencing sustainability are age of the water facility, frequency of carrying out preventive maintenance and existence of external support. Regression analysis showed a positive linear correlation between age and breakdown frequency (R2 = 0.46) and the odds of obtaining a breakdown decreased as the frequency of preventive maintenance increased. User communities were contributing inadequate O&M funds resulting in long downtimes. Non-functionality of WPCs negatively influenced sustainability. The study recommends training of user communities on CBM and technical skills.
Evaluating the impact of free private well testing outreach on participants' private well stewardship in New Jersey
Authors: Seliga Alecia , Spayd Steven E. , Procopio Nicholas A. , Flanagan Sara V. , Gleason Jessie A.
Published: November 2021

Over 1 million people in New Jersey (NJ) are estimated to receive drinking water from private wells. The most commonly detected contaminants in NJ private well water are naturally occurring arsenic and gross alpha (8.3 and 10.9%, respectively). Between 2015 and 2018, three free and voluntary private well testing events tested a total of 571 at-risk wells and 226 (40%) were identified as having one or more contaminants exceeding drinking water standards. Participants were invited to complete a survey to evaluate household characteristics, participant experience, and private well stewardship behavior patterns. Of 529 delivered surveys, 211 (40%) participants completed surveys. Among respondents, 63% reported plans to test their private wells in the future. Among failed wells, 45% of households reported performing mitigative action in response to the event, either through the installation of water treatment system or switching to bottled water. The survey evaluation identified previous knowledge of well contamination risks and discussing test results with a third party as important factors for promoting self-reported stewardship behavior. The evaluation provides guidance for outreach organizers to develop effective testing events and further considers the private well owners' experience of the outreach events to identify information for ‘best practices’ and improvements of future programs.
An uncertainty-based smart market model for groundwater management
Authors: Sharghi Soroush , Kerachian Reza
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a new water market mechanism, which can be used for selecting the best trading policy by incorporating the uncertainties of total annual available water and wholesale price of agricultural products. In this mechanism, water users are asked to submit bid packages via a web-based platform. A bid package represents the real values that a user puts on different quantities of withdrawn groundwater considering its quality. Then, the most reliable water trading policy as well as the price of water are calculated by taking the market endogenous and exogenous uncertainties into account using the regret theory. The results show that by applying the proposed uncertainty-based smart groundwater market mechanisms to the Nough Plain in Iran, the average productivity of water users increases about 18% compared to the status quo condition. Furthermore, based on the outputs of the proposed market model, groundwater is finally distributed to agricultural users almost proportional to their farm's area.
Mariposas. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Coley Coronado Edinson
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo presenta 298 especies de mariposas diurnas, agrupadas en seis familias y 22 subfamilias, encontradas en la ciudad de Santa Marta, en su Sierra Nevada y en sus estribaciones (Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona). El estudio se hizo desde el nivel del mar hasta los 2.700 m de elevación. Salvo pocas excepciones, se muestran fotografías in situ de estos bellos insectos. Las mariposas son frágiles criaturas que embellecen los espacios naturales, cumplen el papel de polinizadores y dependen en gran parte de la vegetación, en donde ponen sus huevos, encuentran refugio y muchas de ellas aprovechan el néctar de las flores, sin importar si estas son tan vistosas como una orquídea o tan discretas como las diminutas flores de una maleza como Boerhavia erecta. Sin embargo, los disturbios que han generado la expansión de la frontera agrícola, la fumigación y la deforestación amenazan la supervivencia de este grupo de organismos. Esta obra es, entonces, una ventana que lleva a una fracción poco conocida de la biodiversidad de nuestra región y que brinda la oportunidad de conocer una muestra de nuestro universo de mariposas antes de que sea demasiado tarde.
double role of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung
Authors: Sukarlinawati Wayan , Suda I Ketut , Utama I Wayan Budi
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on (1) the dual roles of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung, (2) the forms of the dual roles of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung, (3) the implications of the dual roles of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung for themselves, their families, and society. The theories used in this study include the first theory of Abraham Harold Maslow's motivation which emphasizes the hierarchy of needs and motivations, the second theory of Liberal Feminism in dismantling the concept of patriarchy, and the third, the theory of Hegemony to dissect the problems regarding the implications of Hindu women for themselves, their families, and implications for society in Bandar Lampung. This study uses a phenomenological approach with a critical emancipatory knowledge paradigm. The method used is observation, interviews and literature study with data analysis techniques with qualitative interpretation to explain the sociological phenomena observed in the field in accordance with the meaning given by the research subjects. The results of this study indicate that (1) The reasons why Hindu women have a dual role are due to economic reasons, social reasons, cultural reasons, reasons for patriarchal domination, and religious reasons.
Quararibea calycoptera (Malvaceae), una nueva especie de los bosques muy húmedos del Pacífico de Ecuador y Colombia
Authors: Fernández-Alonso José Luis , Cornejo Xavier
Published: November 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género de árboles Quararibea (Malvaceae), propio del Nuevo Mundo, agrupa a unas 60 especies con distribución centrada en el norte de Sudamérica y sur de Mesoamérica. Como parte del trabajo de revisión que se está llevando a cabo en un grupo morfológico de Quararibea que presenta columna estaminal digitada, en este trabajo se describe una nueva especie proveniente de los bosques muy húmedos del Pacífico de Ecuador y Colombia y se propone su categorización IUCN. Métodos: Se estudió un grupo de colecciones de herbario de Quararibea, provenientes de los bosques muy húmedos del norte de Ecuador, que presentaban algunas divergencias morfológicas con respecto a las especies descritas en este género. Se realizó la diagnosis morfológica y se delimitó la distribución geográfica de estas plantas, proponiéndose aquí como un taxón nuevo. Asimismo, se hace una propuesta preliminar de categorización, de acuerdo con los criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN.Resultados clave: Se describe y documenta gráficamente la nueva especie Quararibea calycoptera, como especie afín a Q. grandifolia y a Q. cornejoi, con las que se compara. La nueva especie se separa morfológicamente de ambas por los siguientes caracteres: la consistencia de la lámina, la longitud del pedicelo floral y bractéolas y la forma y tamaño del cáliz floral. Conclusiones: Dentro de lo que se había venido identificando como Quararibea grandifolia en el Occidente de Ecuador, con base en el estudio de nuevas colecciones de los bosques muy húmedos de Esmeraldas, pudo diagnosticarse lo que representa una nueva especie asignable al pequeño grupo de especies de Quararibea, con columna estaminal digitada y cálices alados, en proceso de revisión.
DETERMINANT FACTORS OF NEIGHBOURHOOD QUALITY
Authors: Abdul Rahman Norainah , Omar Dasimah , Salleh Abdul Ghani
Published: November 2021

The basic concept of neighbourhood refers to a physical boundary where people lead their private lives. Neighbourhood is about physical environment, economy and social which constitute the sense of community and place attachment. The development and neighbourhood changes for urban renewal, urban regeneration and redevelopment are to fulfil the people's needs and requirements. The neighbourhood changes are required to improve the neighbourhood conditions such as neighbourhood quality, liveable neighbourhood, healthy neighbourhood, sustainable neighbourhood, dynamic and self-stabilising neighbourhood, safe neighbourhood and better neighbourhood. All of these are shared towards people's well-being, health, safety and sustainable communities. This article looks into the multivariable influences in the provision of neighbourhood quality for the residents' needs in their housing and neighbourhood area. Previous research had explained three multivariable factors that influenced the quality of neighbourhood namely physical, social and economic aspects. The physical aspects were examined in four categories namely dwelling unit, facilities and services, accessibility and surrounding environment. The social aspects were classified as socio-demographic, social community and social interaction and place attachment. The economic aspect focused on the socio-economic of the residents.