bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Pork Loin Subjected to Different Temperature–Time Combinations of Sous Vide Cooking
Authors: Kurp Lidia , Danowska-Oziewicz Marzena
Published: October 2024

Cooking with the sous vide method preserves nutritional value and maintains desirable sensory qualities of food, thanks to vacuum-sealed heat treatment at controlled low temperatures. In meat, the right combination of temperature and time is critical for texture, juiciness, and flavour, all essential features for consumer acceptance of cooked meat. This study assessed the impact of sous vide heat treatment on selected quality attributes of pork loin using various low temperature–time combinations. Pork loins were sliced, vacuum-sealed, and cooked in a water bath at temperatures of 57 °C to 63 °C for 3 to 5.5 h. The meat was evaluated for cooking loss, proximate composition, pH, water activity, oxidative changes, colour, texture, and sensory characteristics. The results showed that cooking losses increased with higher temperatures and longer times of cooking. Likewise, the oxidative changes were significantly affected by both cooking parameters. Temperature of cooking influenced only meat redness (a*), but cooking time had no significant effect on colour parameters. The lowest hardness was observed for samples cooked at 59 °C/4.5 h and at 60 °C/4–5 h. Sensory analysis indicated that cooking at 59 °C for 4.5 h provided the most acceptable sensory characteristics of pork loin.
Research on Safety Evaluation of Stadium Reconstruction Construction Based on Combination Weighting Extension Model
Authors: Jia Lixin , Sun Cheng , Lv Wenhao , Li Wenlong
Published: October 2024

As an important carrier of sports services and the main force participating in the “short board” project of urban development, the renovation and upgrading of old stadiums have become an important trend for the sustainable development of venues in the context of urban renewal, consumption upgrading, and national fitness. However, owing to the complexity of the transformation process, the probability of safety accidents continues to increase, posing a serious threat to national property security. In order to reasonably evaluate the safety of the stadium renovation construction process and reduce the incidence of accidents in the renovation project, this study proposed a safety evaluation model for the stadium renovation construction based on the combination weighting extension model. First, according to the 5M1E theory, 27 influencing factors were selected, a safety evaluation index system for stadium reconstruction construction was constructed, and the safety evaluation grade of the index was quantified. Second, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and improved entropy weight method, the combination weight of the index was determined, and a safety evaluation model was constructed using the matter–element extension theory. Finally, the established evaluation model was applied to the example of stadium renovation, and the construction safety level of the renovation project was obtained. The research results showed that the model has strong operability, and the evaluation results are reasonable and reliable, providing a new concept for the safety control of stadium reconstruction construction.
Short Cyclic Algorithm for Turbo Block Construction
Authors: Vranjevac Stefan , Gavran Dejan , Fric Sanja , Ilić Vladan , Trpčevski Filip , Lukić Miloš , Milovanović Nikola
Published: October 2024

This paper presents perhaps the shortest possible algorithm for drafting a turbo block in a standard CAD environment. Though not defining the complete turbo roundabout geometry (the legs are defined by their centerlines only), turbo block construction stays at the very core of its geometrical definition. Relevant national policies elaborate turbo block construction at various levels of detail. Some policies skip certain definitions of spirals’ centers and some even allow for slight discontinuities in spiraling lanes’ geometries. But, as our computer program had to be based on precisely defined geometrical features, no question, be it a location of a particular center or relation between the interconnecting arcs, could be left unanswered. Consequently, while explaining the basics on which the program relies, all the elements of the turbo block are discussed. Even the problems not addressed in renowned national policies (such as alternatively matching marking and curb lines) had to be resolved before being incorporated into the program. After resolving and elaborating turbo block roundabout technics in detail, a new cyclic algorithm for turbo block construction is presented. The program is very short and could be easily understood and modified by the average programmer.
Improving Exposure Therapy Through Projection-Based Augmented Reality for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia: A Feasibility, Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Study
Authors: Palau-Batet María , Bretón-López Juana , Grimaldos Jorge , Suso-Ribera Carlos , Castilla Diana , García-Palacios Azucena , Quero Soledad
Published: October 2024

Augmented Reality (AR) is helpful for overcoming the challenges of in vivo exposure therapy for Specific Phobia (SP). Specifically, Projection-based AR exposure therapy (P-ARET) allows the individual to face the feared animal without intrusive hardware, the phobic stimulus can be controlled, and it can maximize “variability”, producing a positive effect in the generalization of the results. The goal of this work is to assess the feasibility of P-ARET for SP, comparing multiple stimuli (MS) versus single stimulus (SS) conditions and evaluating the participants’ user experience. Adherence to a daily monitoring app (Emotional Monitor) and preliminary efficacy of the P-ARET treatment were assessed. Four participants diagnosed with SP of cockroaches (DSM-5) were randomly assigned to different baselines. Episodic and daily evaluations were performed. Participants considered the MS condition more aversive but more effective than the SS condition. Adherence to the mobile app was 83% for three participants and 55% for the remaining person. Analyses of non-overlap of all pairs and changes in the functionality levels showed a decrease in the SP symptoms at post-treatment and follow-ups. This study offers preliminary feasibility results for a novel form of P-ARET to treat participants with cockroach phobia, which may also apply to other phobias.
Influence of Fatigue and Defensive Pressure on Three-Point Jump-Shot Kinematics in Basketball
Authors: Li Feng , Dukarić Vedran , Očić Mateja , Li Zheng , Knjaz Damir
Published: October 2024

This study examines the influence of fatigue and defensive pressure on the kinematic parameters of the three-point jump shot in basketball. Fourteen male collegiate basketball players (age: 21 ± 3 years old, body height: 186.35 ± 7.02 cm, body mass: 82.20 ± 10.99) participated in the study. Each participant performed three-point jump shots under four conditions: without defense, with defense, without defense after a fatigue protocol, and with defense after a fatigue protocol. Kinematic data were collected using the Xsens MVN inertial suit system and the OptoJump Next system. The analysis focused on various parameters including jump height, center of mass, release height, shoulder angle, and segment velocities. The repeated-measures ANOVA was used to observe the differences between each shot condition (fatigue, defense). Results indicated significant changes in the kinematic parameters due to both fatigue and defensive pressure. Fatigue notably changed shooting performance, affecting jump height and release mechanics. The defensive pressure altered shooting technique, leading to quicker ball release and higher release points. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating fatigue and defensive scenarios in training, suggesting that coaches develop more targeted training plans to improve performance under conditions of fatigue and defensive pressure.
Classification of Faults in Power System Transmission Lines Using Deep Learning Methods with Real, Synthetic, and Public Datasets
Authors: Turanlı Ozan , Benteşen Yakut Yurdagül
Published: October 2024

Every part of society relies on energy systems due to the growing population and the constant demand for energy. Because of the high energy demands of transportation, industry, and daily life, energy systems are crucial to every part of society. Electrical transmission lines are a crucial component of the electrical power system. Therefore, in order to determine the power system’s protection plan and increase its reliability, it is critical to foresee and classify fault types. With this motivation, the main goal of this paper is to design a deep network model to classify faults in transmission lines based on real, generated, and publicly available datasets. A deep learning architecture that was based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) was utilized in this study. Accuracy, specificity, recall, precision, F1 score, ROC curves, and AUC were employed as performance criteria for the suggested model. Not only synthetic but also real data were used in this study. It has been seen that the created model can be used successfully for both real data and synthetic data. In order to measure the robustness of the network, it was tested with three different datasets consisting of real, generated, and publicly available datasets. In the paper, 1D CNN, one of the machine learning methods, was used on three different power systems, and it was observed that the machine learning method was successful in all three power systems.
A Deep Learning Model for Predicting the Laminar Burning Velocity of NH3/H2/Air
Authors: Yue Wanying , Zhang Bin , Zhang Siqi , Wang Boqiao , Xia Yuanchen , Liang Zhuohui
Published: October 2024

Both NH3 and H2 are considered to be carbon-free fuels, and their mixed combustion has excellent performance. Considering the laminar burning velocity as a key characteristic of fuels, accurately predicting the laminar burning velocity of NH3/H2/Air is crucial for its combustion applications. The study made improvements to the XGBoost model and developed NH3/H2/Air Laminar Burning Velocity Net (NHLBVNet), which adopts a composite hierarchical structure to connect the functions of feature extraction, feature combination, and model prediction. The dataset consists of 487 sets of experimental data after the exclusion of outliers. The correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99) of NHLBVNet is higher than that of the XGBoost model (R2 > 0.93). Robustness experiment results indicate that this model can obtain more accurate prediction results than other models even under small sample datasets.
Spiking Neural Networks for Object Detection Based on Integrating Neuronal Variants and Self-Attention Mechanisms
Authors: Li Weixuan , Zhao Jinxiu , Su Li , Jiang Na , Hu Quan
Published: October 2024

Thanks to their event-driven asynchronous computing capabilities and low power consumption advantages, spiking neural networks (SNNs) show significant potential for computer vision tasks, especially in object detection. However, effective training methods and optimization mechanisms for SNNs remain underexplored. This study proposes two high accuracy SNNs for object detection, AMS_YOLO and AMSpiking_VGG, integrating neuronal variants and attention mechanisms. To enhance these proposed networks, we explore the impact of incorporating different neuronal variants.The results show that the optimization in the SNN’s structure with neuronal variants outperforms that in the attention mechanism for object detection. Compared to the state-of-the-art in the current SNNs, AMS_YOLO improved by 6.7% in accuracy on the static dataset COCO2017, and AMS_Spiking has improved by 11.4% on the dynamic dataset GEN1.
Equivalent Simulation Study of Delta-Rotor Engine
Authors: Shi Yaoyao , Li Liangyu , Tian Ye , Zou Run
Published: October 2024

The mechanical structure, movement mode, and combustion process of a triangular rotor engine differ from those of a conventional engine with a crank connecting rod mechanism as the core. This makes it impossible to directly use existing simulation software to simulate the performance of the entire engine, rendering it difficult to conduct structural evaluation and performance prediction during the engine development stage. Therefore, using existing performance simulation software to establish a performance-equivalent model for a triangular rotor engine is crucial. To solve the above problems, this study proposes a performance-equivalent simulation modelling method for a triangular rotor engine based on a three-dimensional simulation model and the operating principles of the triangular rotor and four-stroke engines. Compared to various performance indicators obtained from the three-dimensional simulation model, the results show that the equivalent model established in this study has sufficient accuracy for key indicators such as the cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, and in-cylinder quality under various working conditions. This can satisfy the requirements of the complete machine-performance simulation of a triangular rotor engine.
Cider Terroir: Influence of Regionality on Australian Apple Cider Quality
Authors: Way Madeleine L. , Jones Joanna E. , Hunt Ian , Dambergs Robert G. , Swarts Nigel D.
Published: October 2024

Understanding how regionality influences the key characteristics of cider will assist the industry to produce a premium and consistent quality product. Three dessert apple varieties were sourced from three (minimum) orchards per region from nine major growing regions across Australia over two seasons. Ciders produced from these apples were analysed for base quality characteristics, including total phenolic content (TPC), pH, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). Across both seasons, region had a significant influence on TPC, with the region model explaining approximately 25% of the variation in TPC. TSS and TA were significantly influenced by an interaction between variety and region, with the model accounting for approximately 60% and 75% of the variation, respectively, over both seasons. An interaction between variety and region influenced pH results in the first season, with only mean effects in the second season. A climate model was developed using average rainfall data and growing degree days (GDDs). Differences in climate accounted for most, but not all, of the regional variation observed in cider quality measurements. These results demonstrate that the apple growing region can significantly impact the resulting cider quality. Such findings are critical for supporting cider producers to make informed decisions when sourcing fruit.
A Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Based Phantom for Prostate Cancer Detection Using Multiparametric Ultrasound: A Validation Study
Authors: Jawli Adel , Nabi Ghulam , Huang Zhihong
Published: October 2024

Multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) enhances prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis by using multiple imaging modalities. Tissue-mimicking materials (TMM) phantoms, favoured over animal models for ethical and consistency reasons, were created using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying molecular weights (Mw). Methods: Four PVA samples, varying in Mw with constant concertation, were mixed with glycerol, silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Phantoms with varying depth and inclusion sizes were created and tested using shear-wave elastography (SWE). An mpUS phantom was developed to mimic prostate tissue, including isoechoic and hypoechoic inclusions and vessels. The phantom was scanned using supersonic ultrasound, strain elastography, and Doppler ultrasound. Validation was performed using radical prostatectomy data and shear-wave elastography. Results: The acoustic properties varied with enhancers like glycerol and Al2O3. Low Mw PVA samples had a speed of sound ranging from 1547.50 ± 2 to 1553.70 ± 2.2 m/s and attenuation of 0.61 ± 0.062 to 0.63 ± 0.05 dB/cm/MHz. High Mw PVA samples ranged from 1555 ± 2.82 to 1566 ± 4.5 m/s and 0.71 ± 0.02 to 0.73 ± 0.046 dB/cm/MHz. Young’s modulus ranged from 11 ± 2 to 82.3 ± 0.5 kPa across 1 to 10 freeze-thaw cycles. Inclusion size, depth, and interaction statistically affect the SWE measurements with p-value = 0.056327, p-value = 8.0039 × 10−8, and p-value = 0.057089, respectively. SWE showed isoechoic inclusions, prostate tissue, and surrounding tissue only. The Doppler velocity was measured in three different inner diameters. Conclusion: PVA mixed with enhancer materials creates an mpUS phantom with properties that mimic normal and abnormal prostate tissue, blood vessels, and soft tissue, facilitating advanced diagnostic training and validation.
Changes in the Cyto- and Fibroarchitectonics of the Cerebellar Cortex in Rats Subjected to Extreme Physical Activity
Authors: Balakin Evgenii , Yurku Ksenia , Kuropatkin Viacheslav , Izotov Alexander , Nakhod Valeriya , Pustovoyt Vasiliy
Published: October 2024

Physical overexertion surpassing the functional capacity of the nervous system causes the hyperactivation of the neural structures of the cerebellum. In turn, it causes the depletion of intracellular resources and progressive structural changes in cerebellar cells and fibers. These degenerative changes may lead to cerebellar dysfunction, including the worsening of coordination, balance, and motor functions. In order to maintain the health and functioning of the cerebellum and the nervous system in general, one needs to avoid physical overexertion and have enough time to recover. Three major types of Purkinje cells were identified in control group animals. After the forced swimming test, animals had significant morphological changes in pyriform cells, granule cells, internuncial neurons, and neuroglial cells. In particular, the extreme degeneration of granule cells was manifested via their fusion into conglomerates. These changes demonstrate that neurodegeneration in the cerebellum takes place in response to physical overexertion.
Short-Term Proteasome Inhibition: Assessment of the Effects of Carfilzomib and Bortezomib on Cardiac Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Vascular Reactivity
Authors: Wesley Callan D. , Sansonetti Annarita , Neutel Cedric H. G. , Krüger Dustin N. , De Meyer Guido R. Y. , Martinet Wim , Guns Pieter-Jan
Published: October 2024

Proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and carfilzomib induce apoptosis and are a cornerstone in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. However, concerns have emerged concerning their link to cancer therapy-related cardiovascular dysfunction (CTRCD). Bortezomib, a reversible first-generation inhibitor, and carfilzomib, a second-generation irreversible inhibitor, are associated with hypertension, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. The current study investigated the effects of bortezomib and carfilzomib on cardiac (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) and vascular (arterial stiffness, vascular reactivity) function. Cardiac function assessment aimed to build upon existing evidence of proteasome inhibitors CTRCD, while arterial stiffness served as an early indicator of potential vascular remodeling. Groups of 12-week-old C57BL/6J male mice (n = 8 per group) were randomly assigned to receive vehicle, carfilzomib (8 mg/kg I.P.), or bortezomib (0.5 mg/kg I.P.). Additionally, proteasome inhibition was assessed in mice treated with L-NAME (0.5 mg/kg) to induce hypertension. Cardiac and vascular parameters were evaluated via echocardiography on days 0 and 3. On day 6, mice were sacrificed for ex vivo analysis of arterial stiffness and vascular reactivity. Overall, no changes in arterial stiffness were detected either in vivo or ex vivo at basal pressures. However, a steeper pressure–stiffness curve was observed for carfilzomib in normotensive (p < 0.01) and hypertensive (p < 0.0001) mice ex vivo. Additionally, in hypertensive mice, carfilzomib decreased LVEF (p = 0.06), with bortezomib exhibiting similar trends. Vascular reactivity remained largely unchanged, but proteasome inhibition tended to enhance endothelial-independent relaxations in both control and hypertensive mice. In conclusion, short-term treatment with carfilzomib and bortezomib is considered relatively safe for the protocols assessed in the study.
The Influence of Exogenous CdS Nanoparticles on the Growth and Carbon Assimilation Efficiency of Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Kuo , Yang Yue , Wang Jie , Huang Xiaomeng , Cui Daizong , Zhao Min
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the impact of CdS nanoparticles (NPs) on Escherichia coli growth and metabolism under varying conditions. Under illumination, CdS NPs significantly enhanced bacterial growth, glucose assimilation, and biomass accumulation. Key metabolic and stress response genes showed increased expression, indicating improved ATP synthesis and oxidative stress resistance. Additionally, CdS NPs enhanced the electrochemical properties of E. coli, promoting efficient electron transfer. No significant changes were observed in the dark. These findings suggest that light-activated CdS NPs promote E. coli growth and metabolic efficiency by upregulating crucial genes involved in growth and oxidative stress management.
Pulling Forces Differentially Affect Refolding Pathways Due to Entangled Misfolded States in SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain
Authors: Lan Pham Dang , O’Brien Edward P. , Li Mai Suan
Published: October 2024

Single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) experiments can monitor protein refolding by applying a small force of a few piconewtons (pN) and slowing down the folding process. Bell theory predicts that in the narrow force regime where refolding can occur, the folding time should increase exponentially with increased external force. In this work, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we compared the refolding pathways of SARS-CoV-1 RBD and SARS-CoV-2 RBD (RBD refers to the receptor binding domain) starting from unfolded conformations with and without a force applied to the protein termini. For SARS-CoV-2 RBD, the number of trajectories that fold is significantly reduced with the application of a 5 pN force, indicating that, qualitatively consistent with Bell theory, refolding is slowed down when a pulling force is applied to the termini. In contrast, the refolding times of SARS-CoV-1 RBD do not change meaningfully when a force of 5 pN is applied. How this lack of a Bell response could arise at the molecular level is unknown. Analysis of the entanglement changes of the folded conformations revealed that in the case of SARS-CoV-1 RBD, an external force minimizes misfolding into kinetically trapped states, thereby promoting efficient folding and offsetting any potential slowdown due to the external force. These misfolded states contain non-native entanglements that do not exist in the native state of either SARS-CoV-1-RBD or SARS-CoV-2-RBD. These results indicate that non-Bell behavior can arise from this class of misfolding and, hence, may be a means of experimentally detecting these elusive, theoretically predicted states.
A Novel Peptide from VP1 of EV-D68 Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against Human Enteroviruses
Authors: Lin Xiaojing , Sun Qiang , Cao Yang , Li Zi , Xu Cuiling , Liu Jun , Song Jingdong , Qin Kun , Zhang Yong , Zhou Jianfang
Published: October 2024

Enteroviruses have been a historical concern since the identification of polioviruses in humans. Wild polioviruses have almost been eliminated, while multiple species of non-polio enteroviruses and their variants co-circulate annually. To date, at least 116 types have been found in humans and are grouped into the species Enterovirus A–D and Rhinovirus A–C. However, there are few available antiviral drugs, especially with a universal pharmaceutical effect. Here, we demonstrate that peptide P25 from EV-D68 has broad antiviral activity against EV A–D enteroviruses in vitro. P25, derived from the HI loop and β-I sheet of VP1, operates through a conserved hydrophilic motif -R---K-K--K- and the hydrophobic F near the N-terminus. It could prevent viral infection of EV-A71 by competing for the heparan sulfate (HS) receptor, binding and stabilizing virions by suppressing the release of the viral genome. P25 also inhibited the generation of infectious viral particles by reducing viral protein synthesis. The molecular docking revealed that P25 might bind to the pocket opening area, a potential target for broad-spectrum antivirals. Our findings implicate the multiple antiviral effects of peptide P25, including blocking viral binding to the HS receptor, impeding viral genome release, and reducing progeny particles, which could be a novel universal anti-enterovirus drug candidate.
Identification of Multifunctional Putative Bioactive Peptides in the Insect Model Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)
Authors: Scieuzo Carmen , Rinaldi Roberta , Giglio Fabiana , Salvia Rosanna , Ali AlSaleh Mohammed , Jakše Jernej , Pain Arnab , Antony Binu , Falabella Patrizia
Published: October 2024

Innate immunity, the body’s initial defense against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, heavily depends on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are small molecules produced by all living organisms. Insects, with their vast biodiversity, are one of the most abundant and innovative sources of AMPs. In this study, AMPs from the red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a known invasive pest of palm species, were examined. The AMPs were identified in the transcriptomes from different body parts of male and female adults, under different experimental conditions, including specimens collected from the field and those reared in the laboratory. The RPW transcriptomes were examined to predict antimicrobial activity, and all sequences putatively encoding AMPs were analyzed using several machine learning algorithms available in the CAMPR3 database. Additionally, anticancer, antiviral, and antifungal activity of the peptides were predicted using iACP, AVPpred, and Antifp server tools, respectively. Physicochemical parameters were assessed using the Antimicrobial Peptide Database Calculator and Predictor. From these analyses, 198 putatively active peptides were identified, which can be tested in future studies to validate the in silico predictions. Genome-wide analysis revealed that several AMPs have predominantly emerged through gene duplication. Noticeably, we detect a newly originated defensin allele from an ancestral defensin via the deletion of two amino acids following gene duplication in RPW, which may confer an enhanced resilience to microbial infection. Our study shed light on AMP gene families and shows that high duplication and deletion rates are essential to achieve a diversity of antimicrobial mechanisms; hence, we propose the RPW AMPs as a model for exploring gene duplication and functional variations against microbial infection.
Stress-Induced Evolution of the Nucleolus: The Role of Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer (rIGS) Transcripts
Authors: Gavrilova Anastasia A. , Neklesova Margarita V. , Zagryadskaya Yuliya A. , Kuznetsova Irina M. , Turoverov Konstantin K. , Fonin Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

It became clear more than 20 years ago that the nucleolus not only performs the most important biological function of assembling ribonucleic particles but is also a key controller of many cellular processes, participating in cellular adaptation to stress. The nucleolus’s multifunctionality is due to the peculiarities of its biogenesis. The nucleolus is a multilayered biomolecular condensate formed by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). In this review, we focus on changes occurring in the nucleolus during cellular stress, molecular features of the nucleolar response to abnormal and stressful conditions, and the role of long non-coding RNAs transcribed from the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA (IGS rDNA).
tRNA and tsRNA: From Heterogeneity to Multifaceted Regulators
Authors: Li Yun , Yu Zongyu , Jiang Wenlin , Lyu Xinyi , Guo Ailian , Sun Xiaorui , Yang Yiting , Zhang Yunfang
Published: October 2024

As the most ancient RNA, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play a more complex role than their constitutive function as amino acid transporters in the protein synthesis process. The transcription and maturation of tRNA in cells are subject to stringent regulation, resulting in the formation of tissue- and cell-specific tRNA pools with variations in tRNA overall abundance, composition, modification, and charging levels. The heterogeneity of tRNA pools contributes to facilitating the formation of histocyte-specific protein expression patterns and is involved in diverse biological processes. Moreover, tRNAs can be recognized by various RNase under physiological and pathological conditions to generate tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) and serve as small regulatory RNAs in various biological processes. Here, we summarize these recent insights into the heterogeneity of tRNA and highlight the advances in the regulation of tRNA function and tsRNA biogenesis by tRNA modifications. We synthesize diverse mechanisms of tRNA and tsRNA in embryonic development, cell fate determination, and epigenetic inheritance regulation. We also discuss the potential clinical applications based on the new knowledge of tRNA and tsRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases.
Microbiota Orchestra in Parkinson’s Disease: The Nasal and Oral Maestros
Authors: Rei Nádia , Grunho Miguel , Mendes José João , Fonseca Jorge
Published: October 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Background/Objectives: Over the past decade, studies have identified a potential link between the microbiome and PD pathophysiology. The literature suggests that specific bacterial communities from the gut, oral, and nasal microbiota may be involved in neuroinflammatory processes, which are hallmarks of PD. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the current research on the composition, diversity, and dysbiosis characteristics of the nasal and oral microbiota in PD. Methods: Through a comprehensive search across scientific databases, we identify twenty original studies investigating the nasal and oral microbiota in PD. Results: Most of these studies demonstrate the substantial roles of bacterial communities in neuroinflammatory pathways associated with PD progression. They also underscore the influences of microbiota-derived factors on key aspects of PD pathology, including alpha-synuclein aggregation and immune dysregulation. Conclusions: Finally, we discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of modulating the nasal and oral microbiota in PD management. This analysis seeks to identify potential avenues for future research in order to clarify the complex relationships between these microorganisms and PD.
Evaluating the Performance of Taiwan Airport Renovation Projects: An Application of Multiple Attributes Intelligent Decision Analysis
Authors: Chung Yu-Jen , Fan Ching-Lung , Yen Shan-Min , Chang Kuei-Hu
Published: October 2024

Performance evaluation is a vital tool for measuring whether construction projects meet their established objectives, particularly in complex tasks. It helps identify key areas for improvement and enhances resource allocation efficiency. Through precise performance evaluation, managers can make optimal decisions regarding resource use, ultimately increasing project productivity and overall performance. The objective of this study is to measure the production efficiency of airport renovation projects in Taiwan using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) for predicting project quality. DEA effectively handles scenarios with multiple inputs and outputs, providing relative efficiency comparisons among projects and quantifying the potential for improvement. ANN, on the other hand, can learn nonlinear patterns from the data, allowing for accurate predictions of project quality. As construction projects become more complex, ensuring efficient operation within limited resources becomes increasingly crucial. Traditional performance evaluation methods are inadequate for addressing scenarios involving multiple inputs and outputs; therefore, using DEA and ANN offers a more accurate framework for analysis and prediction. The results of this study indicate that, through the DEA model, five projects achieved an efficiency score of 1, while twelve inefficient projects need to reduce defect frequency by 54.76% and increase the progress and budget implementation efficiency by an average of 10.33% to improve performance. The ANN model achieved a classification accuracy of 94.1% and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.11 in regression predictions. By adopting a data-driven approach, ANN facilitates intelligent decision making and forecasting throughout the construction process. This study provides construction managers with concrete guidelines for resource allocation and quality prediction, thus enhancing project management effectiveness.
Rapid Urban-Scale Building Collapse Assessment Based on Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis and Earthquake Observations
Authors: Biglari Mahnoosh , Kawase Hiroshi , Ashayeri Iman
Published: October 2024

Rapid damage assessment after an earthquake is crucial for allocating and prioritizing emergency actions. Building damage due to an earthquake depends on the seismic hazard and the building’s strength. While it is now possible to promptly access acceleration data as seismic input through online strong motion networks in urban areas, good models are necessary to evaluate the damage in different zones of the affected area. This study aims to present a rapid method for such an urban-scale building collapse evaluation by conducting a nonlinear dynamic analysis of modeled buildings. Based on the Nagato and Kawase model, this study estimates the yield shear strength of 3-story steel buildings, 3-story reinforced concrete buildings, and 1-story masonry buildings in Sarpol-e-Zahab City after the 2017 Mw7.3 earthquake. The damage ratio is calculated through nonlinear dynamic analyses using estimated records from the main earthquake shock in different city zones. The research found that the seismic yield shear strength of steel and reinforced concrete buildings might be weaker than that of the Iranian seismic code’s standard value. Conversely, masonry-building resistance is stronger than the guidelines assumed. The constructed numerical models can be used for the rapid building damage assessment immediately after a damaging earthquake.
Acoustic Analysis of the Masjid at Necmettin Erbakan University Köyceğiz Campus in Konya
Authors: Kaygısız Ali , Semerci Fatih , Tuna Sayın Rumeysa
Published: October 2024

In this study, the passive acoustic performance of Necmettin Erbakan University Köyceğiz Campus Masjid was investigated. Designed as the largest masjid of the city with a capacity of 15,000 people and a volume of 43,200 m3, the masjid, which has traces of Seljuk, Ottoman and Modern architecture. is built as a complex at a location overlooking the city in the Meram District of Konya City, Turkiye. The aim of the study is to determine the acoustic comfort conditions by considering all the activities in the masjids as a whole. Within the scope of the study, the acoustic performance of the masjid was evaluated by determining different source and receiver points for each mode of activity. As a method, the chosen masjid was simulated with ODEON Room Acoustics Software Ver. 14.04 software. Objective room acoustic parameters were analysed in three groups. These are sound energy ratio parameters (reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), clarity (C50, C80), lateral fraction (LF80)), speech intelligibility parameters (definition (D50), speech transmission index (STI)) and sound strength parameters (strength (G)). The results obtained were compared with precedent studies in the literature. In comparison with the acoustic values obtained in other masjid/mosque buildings, it was reported that, while the speech intelligibility of other masjids/mosques was at a satisfactory level, the masjid under consideration was at a poor level in both fully occupied and unoccupied conditions. In the analysis made for reverberation time, it was seen that the masjid discussed in this study showed similar characteristics to other masjids/mosques globally. As a result, it was determined that the dimensions of the surfaces forming the mihrab, the minbar design and the depths of the mahfil overhangs are effective regarding the acoustics of the masjid, and the design of curved surfaces should be carried out in a way that does not cause focusing problems. In addition, suggestions that can give guidelines to modern masjid designs have been put forward.
Measuring Street Quality: A Human-Centered Exploration Based on Multi-Sourced Data and Classical Urban Design Theories
Authors: Wang Runxian , Huang Chengcheng , Ye Yu
Published: October 2024

Advancements in analytical tools have facilitated numerous studies on perceived street quality. However, most have focused on limited aspects of street quality, failing to capture a comprehensive perception. This study introduces a quantitative approach to holistically measure street quality by integrating three key dimensions: visual perception, network accessibility, and functional diversity. Using Beijing and Shanghai as case studies, we employed artificial neural networks to analyze street view images and quantify the visual characteristics of streets. Additionally, street network accessibility was assessed through spatial design network analysis, and functional diversity was evaluated using the entropy of points of interest (POIs) data. The evaluation results were combined using the analytic hierarchy process. The reliability and accuracy of this method were validated through further testing. Our approach offers a human-centered, large-scale measurement framework, providing valuable insights for urban street renewal and design.
Laboratory Experimental Investigation on the Structural Optimization of a Novel Coupled Energy Tunnel
Authors: Wen Jiwei , Zhang Pengshuai , Xiong Zhe , Guo Falin , Qiao Huilin , Feng Jiale , Ma Yachen , Li Yao , Gan Minchuan
Published: October 2024

Freezing damage to tunnels in cold regions has long posed a threat to the safe operation of high-speed trains and other means of transportation. Finding a reasonable and effective solution to this problem, while also considering green, low-carbon, energy-saving, and environmental protection measures, has garnered widespread attention. Herein, the concept of a novel coupled energy tunnel is proposed, which combines the technologies of an air curtain and ground source heat pump (GSHP). The aim is to effectively address the issue of freezing damage in tunnels located in cold regions, while ensuring traffic safety. First, the multifunctional experimental apparatus for testing the anti-freezing and insulation performance of a coupled energy tunnel was independently designed and developed for laboratory experiments. Second, single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments are conducted, and the influences of five key factors (i.e., the air outlet hole diameter, air outlet hole spacing, circulating water temperature of the GSHP, wind speed at the tunnel model entrance, and airflow jet angle) on the internal temperature field of the tunnel model are discussed. Third, combined with range analysis and variance analysis, the ranking of importance for each key factor and the optimal scheme of the coupled energy tunnel are obtained as follows: wind speed at the tunnel model entrance D > circulating water temperature of GSHP C > airflow jet angle E > air outlet hole spacing B > air outlet hole diameter A, and the optimal scheme is A2B1C4D1E2, i.e., the air outlet hole diameter is 3 mm, the air outlet hole spacing is 10 mm, the circulating water temperature of GSHP is 50 °C, the wind speed at the tunnel model entrance is 1.5 m/s and the airflow jet angle is 45°. In conclusion, the research achievements presented in this paper can offer a new perspective for the structural design of tunnels in cold regions. Additionally, they contribute to the early achievement of a carbon dioxide emissions peak and carbon neutrality, and provide some valuable and scientific references for both innovators and practitioners.
Database Analysis of Long-Term Settlement Behavior of Pile Foundations in Shanghai Soft Coastal Clays
Authors: Wang Qibiao , Li Jie , Fang Tao , Yu Shaohua
Published: October 2024

A database of 195 field records of long-term settlement of high-rise buildings in Shanghai soft coastal clays is presented. The collected field records are divided into two categories based on pile type, i.e., bored pile and precast pile. Based on the settlement recorders collected, the long-term settlement behavior and settlement duration of the pile foundations in soft coastal clays are investigated. The statistical results show that the pile foundation in Shanghai soft coastal clays can be divided into three kinds of site conditions by considering the pile length and variation of long-term deformation behavior. Prediction models based on the power function are proposed to calculate the normalized final settlement for both bored pile and precast pile foundations. Based on the statistical results, the average normalized final settlement (settlement per floor), average settlement ratio (final settlement to the settlement when the superstructure is completed), and average settlement duration in the three site conditions for both bored pile and precast pile foundations are given. Additionally, an exponential settlement prediction model that can accurately forecast the entire settlement and post-construction settlement characteristics of buildings in Shanghai’s soft soil area is proposed. These statistical results can be referred to the preliminary foundation design works, which contribute to the quick evaluation of the possible settlement range, settlement ratio, and settlement duration of the proposed building constructed in the soft coastal clay area in Shanghai.
Energy-Efficient Architectural Design of a Banquet Hall with Integrated Tunnel Ventilation: Monitoring Performance During the Transitional Season in China
Authors: Xiong Jianwu , Wu Jing , Cao Jifan , Tian Zexuan , Yang Qianru
Published: October 2024

The construction industry, a significant contributor to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, is under considerable pressure to adopt transformative approaches. Public buildings, which account for a substantial portion of total energy usage, must balance high standards of thermal comfort with ventilation efficiency. In China, many public buildings are part of urban landscapes, where façade designs often limit natural ventilation. Consequently, technologies like earth-to-air heat exchangers and wind towers are increasingly essential for enhancing natural ventilation. However, research on the efficacy of these systems remains sparse. This study examines the transitional seasonal environment by evaluating the thermal-humidity index of a banquet hall equipped with an earth-to-air heat exchanger system. Using DeST software [DeST 2.0], the study simulates indoor natural ventilation, calculates ventilation rates, and assesses residual heat removal efficiency. The system’s performance is also modeled under various thermal design zones. Results demonstrate that under natural ventilation, the system can achieve a residual heat removal efficiency of up to 490%. Simulations across different climate zones indicate that the system performs best in regions with extreme temperature fluctuations, particularly those with hot summers and warm winters. In these areas, the system reduces the annual temperature difference by up to 56.7%, significantly improving thermal comfort and reducing dependency on air conditioning. In contrast, performance in milder regions like Kunming achieves only a 37.5% reduction in temperature difference. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into energy-efficient design strategies and thermal optimization for banquet halls, with significant potential for energy savings and enhanced occupant comfort.
Facile Synthesis of Metal/Carbide Hybrid toward Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Mo Junxiang , Fu Nianqing , Mu Songlin , Peng Jihua , Liu Yan , Zhang Guoge
Published: October 2024

The development of cost-effective and high-performance bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting is crucial for achieving sustainable clean energy. In this study, a metal/carbide hybrid (NiFeMo/NiFeMoCx) was prepared through fast and facile cathodic plasma electrolytic deposition. Due to the synergistic effect between the metal and carbide, NiFeMo/NiFeMoCx exhibited high activity in both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with overpotentials of 230 mV and 60 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. In addition, robust stability was demonstrated during the overall water splitting (1.52 V at 10 mA cm−2, with little degradation after 18 h of catalysis). This work provides a useful strategy for designing advanced water splitting catalysts for real application.
Flower-Shaped MnFe2O4@MoS2 Nanocomposite Activated H2O2 for Efficient Degradation of Tetracycline: Performance Evaluation, Mechanism and Degradation Pathway
Authors: Sun Yunyun , Liu Fangming , Gao Yushan , Dou Jingang , Jiang Yecheng , Deng Aoyan , Zhao Lanpo , Liu Huitao
Published: October 2024

The limited utilization of H2O2 restricts the practical application of heterogeneous Fenton oxidation technology. In this study, the flower-shaped MnFe2O4@MoS2 nanocomposite was prepared by two-step hydrothermal treatment, constructing MnFe2O4@MoS2/H2O2 system for the degradation of tetracycline (TC). Under optimized conditions, MnFe2O4@MoS2/H2O2 system fully degraded 20 mg·L−1 of TC within 60 min, and the corresponding utilization of H2O2 was also as high as 95.7%. Meanwhile, this system not only exhibited excellent cycling stability for the degradation of TC but also had good anti-interference ability against actual water sources, inorganic cations and anions and natural organic compounds. The efficient activation of H2O2 in MnFe2O4@MoS2/H2O2 system mainly relied on the redox cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Mn(II)/Mn(III) mediated by MoS2; meanwhile, the oxygen vacancies caused by redox cycling also accelerated activation of H2O2, resulting in the production of a large number of active species (·OH, ·O2− and 1O2) for rapid degradation of pollutants. The vulnerable atomic sites of TC were confirmed through theoretical calculation, and four degradation pathways of TC in MnFe2O4@MoS2/H2O2 system were proposed. Finally, the toxicity analysis confirmed that the toxicity of degradation intermediates was developing towards low toxicity. This study provided new insights into the wide application of heterogeneous Fenton systems in wastewater treatment.