bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Curcumin-encapsulated SPC and
HSPC Liposome Nanoparticles on Human Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Gholami Leila , Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas , Malaekeh-Nikouei Bizhan , Nikfar Banafsheh , Amanolahi Farjad , Mohammadi Ali , Kazemi Oskuee Reza
Published: March 2023

Background:

Curcumin is a main bioactive constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with pleiotropic
health beneficial effects. However, poor bioavailability is the major barrier to the efficient pharmacological
effects of curcumin in humans.

Aims:

The present study aimed to develop liposome formulations based on soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC)
and hydrogenated SPC (HSPC) to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin in bladder cancer cells.

Methods:

Curcumin was encapsulated in HSPC and SPC liposome nanoparticles using the solvent evaporation
method. Physical properties, encapsulation efficiency (%), stability, and in vitro drug release of the prepared
liposome formulations have been evaluated. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of curcumin-encapsulated
nanoliposomes on bladder carcinoma HTB9 cell line and normal fibroblast L929 cell line were studied. DNA
fragmentation, apoptosis, and genotoxicity assessments have been carried out to determine the molecular mechanisms
underlying the cytotoxic effects of liposomal curcumin formulations on bladder cancer cells.

Results:

The results indicated that curcumin could be efficiently encapsulated in the HSPC and SPC liposome
formulations. The liposomal curcumin formulations have shown shelf-life stability for 14 weeks at 4°C. The
accelerated stability testing showed that curcumin encapsulated in nanoliposomes was significantly (p < 0.001)
more stable than free curcumin at various pH degrees ranging from alkaline to acidic pH. The in vitro drug release
study showed curcumin to be sustainably released from the liposome nanoparticles. Of note, SPC and
HSPC nanoliposome formulations significantly increased the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of curcumin on
bladder cancer HTB9 cells. Mechanistically, liposomal curcumin was found to exert a selective inhibitory effect
on the viability of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and DNA damage.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, SPC and HSPC liposome nanoparticles can significantly increase the stability and
bioavailability of curcumin, which are important for improving its pharmacological effect.
The Potential of Lipid Droplet-associated Genes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bai Yu-Ting , Wang Xin , He Ming-Jing , Xie Ji-Rong , Chen Xiao-Jie , Zhou Gang
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The role of lipid droplets (LDs) and lipid droplet-associated genes (LD-AGs)
remains unclear in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate
LDs in HNSCC and identify LD-AGs essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC
patients.

Methods:

The LDs in the HNSCC and normal cell lines were stained with oil red O. Bioinformatic
analysis was used to find LD-AGs in HNSCC that had diagnostic and prognostic significance.

Results:

LDs accumulation was increased in HNSCC cell lines compared with normal cell lines
(P<0.05). Fifty-three differentially expressed genes, including 34 upregulated and 19 downregulated,
were found in HNSCC based on the TCGA platform (P<0.05). Then, 53 genes were proved to
be functionally enriched in lipid metabolism and LDs. Among them, with an AUC value > 0.7, 34
genes demonstrated a high predictive power. Six genes (AUP1, CAV1, CAV2, CAVIN1, HILPDA, and
SQLE) out of 34 diagnostic genes were linked to overall survival in patients with HNSCC (P<0.05).
The significant prognostic factors AUP1, CAV1, CAV2, and SQLE were further identified using the
univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard models (P<0.05). The protein expression of
CAV2 and SQLE was significantly increased in the HNSCC tissue compared to normal tissues
(P<0.05). Finally, the knockdown of the four LD-AGs decreased LDs accumulation, respectively.

Conclusions:

Increased LDs accumulation was a hallmark of HNSCC, and AUP1, CAV1, CAV2,
and SQLE were discovered as differentially expressed LD-AGs with diagnostic and prognostic
potential in HNSCC.
Heterogeneity of Red Blood Cell Deformability Caused by Lipopolysaccharide
based on a Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Chen Yue , Liu Zhen , Shao Huaze , Xu Jun , Li Jincheng , Chen Haoyi , Zhou Chunqiong , Liu Lihong
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Alterations in red blood cell deformability (RBC-df) provide important
information for the diagnosis of various diseases.

Aim:

We evaluated individual differences of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative damage
of RBC-df and analyzed the correlation between RBC-df and biochemical parameters.

Methods:

A microfluidic chip was developed to detect inter-individual variability of different
concentrations of LPS-induced oxidative damage of RBC-df in 9 healthy volunteers. The relationships
between various biochemical indicators (Na+-K+-ATPase activity, lipid peroxide (LPO) content,
glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase
(SOD) activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and hemoglobin (HB) content) and RBCsdf
were investigated.

Results:

The obvious inter-individual variability of LPS-induced oxidative damage of RBC-df was
revealed. The Na+-K+-ATPase activity, LPO content, GSH-PX activity, and CAT activity of RBCs
showed significant correlations with RBC-df (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Oxidative damage and energy metabolism are the critical factors of RBC-df impairment
induced by LPS, and the individual dependence on RBC-df is an important indicator for the
treatment of infection-associated sepsis since antibiotics can kill pathogenic bacteria, which results
in the release of LPS from the cell wall.
Bromelain: An Enzyme Expanding its Horizon from Food to Pharmaceutical
Industry
Authors: Sharma Gauresh , Vimal Archana
Published: March 2023

Bromelain is a protein digestive enzyme obtained from the extract of pineapple (steam,
fruit, and leaves). It is a cocktail of several thiol endopeptidases and other components like peroxidase,
cellulase, phosphatase, and several protease inhibitors. It is a glycoprotein with an oligosaccharide
in its molecular structure that contains xylose, fucose, mannose, and N-acetyl glucosamine.
Many approaches have been used in the extraction and purification of bromelain like filtration,
membrane filtration, INT filtration, precipitation, aqueous two-phase system, ion-exchange
chromatography, etc. This enzyme is widely used in the food industry for meat tenderization, baking,
cheese processing, seafood processing, etc. However, this enzyme also expands its applicability
in the food industry. It is reported to have the potential for the treatment of bronchitis, surgical
trauma, sinusitis, etc. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that it possesses fibrinolytic, antiinflammatory,
antithrombotic, anti-edematous activity, etc. The human body absorbed bromelain
without any side effects or reduction in its activity. However, in some cases, it shows side effects
in those patients who are allergic to pineapple. To minimize such adverse effects bromelain is
immobilized inside the nanoparticles. This paper gives an overview of the production, purification,
and application of this industrially important enzyme in the food and pharmaceutical industry. It
also discusses the various immobilization strategies used to enhance its efficiency.
The Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Targeted PD-L1 Therapy with Durvalumab
in Solid Tumors
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Jiang Jian , Chen Junyu , Wang Mengqi , Lu Yaci , Liu Lei , Zhao Lijing , Wang Lisheng
Published: March 2023

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint
inhibitors have been on the front line of clinical revolution in which, the targeted PD-L1 therapy
has obtained some success in patients with solid tumors. A large number of clinical trials revealed
that both monotherapy and combination therapy of PD-L1 antibody significantly suppress
some tumor growth and promote the survival of patients. At present, anti-PD-L1 treatment has
been used as a portion of standard treatment for lung cancer, breast cancer, head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma. Although much evidence has demonstrated that
PD-L1 antibody is safe in most patients, there are still some adverse reactions, such as pneumonitis,
hepatitis, colitis, neurologic events and myocarditis. In this review, the clinical information, including
the efficacy and safety of durvalumab in solid tumors, was enumerated and summarized at
this stage to grasp the current application of targeted PD-L1 therapy and provide guidance for clinical
application.
Roadmap to Pyruvate Kinase M2 Modulation - A Computational
Chronicle
Authors: Shard Amit , Kapoor Saumya , Chatterjee Deep Rohan , Chowdhury Moumita Ghosh , Das Rudradip
Published: March 2023

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has surfaced as a potential target for anti-cancer therapy.
PKM2 is known to be overexpressed in the tumor cells and is a critical metabolic conduit in supplying
the augmented bioenergetic demands of the recalcitrant cancer cells. The presence of PKM2 in
structurally diverse tetrameric as well as dimeric forms has opened new avenues to design novel
modulators. It is also a truism to state that drug discovery has advanced significantly from various
computational techniques like molecular docking, virtual screening, molecular dynamics, and pharmacophore
mapping. The present review focuses on the role of computational tools in exploring
novel modulators of PKM2. The structural features of various isoforms of PKM2 have been discussed
along with reported modulators. An extensive analysis of the structure-based and ligand-
based in silico methods aimed at PKM2 modulation has been conducted with an in-depth review
of the literature. The role of advanced tools like QSAR and quantum mechanics has been
established with a brief discussion of future perspectives.
Advancement in Beneficial Effects of AVE 0991: A Brief Review
Authors: Deng Yang , Ding Wangli , Peng Qiang , Wang Wei , Duan Rui , Zhang Yingdong
Published: March 2023

AVE 0991, a non-peptide analogue of Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], is orally active and
physiologically well tolerated. Several studies have demonstrated that AVE 0991 improves glucose
and lipid metabolism, and contains anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrosis, and anti-oxidant
effects. Numerous preclinical studies have also reported that AVE 0991 appears to have beneficial
effects on a variety of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular, liver, kidney, cancer, diabetes,
and nervous system diseases. This study searched multiple literature databases, including PubMed,
Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the ClinicalTrials.gov website
from the establishment to October 2022, using AVE 0991 as a keyword. This literature search revealed
that AVE 0991 could play different roles via various signaling pathways. However, the potential
mechanisms of these effects need further elucidation. This review summarizes the benefits of
AVE 0991 in several medical problems, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper also describes
the underlying mechanisms of AVE 0991, giving in-depth insights and perspectives on the
pharmaceutical value of AVE 0991 in drug discovery and development.
Molecular Targets Underlying the Neuroprotective Effects of Boswellic
Acid: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khaafi Faezeh , Javadi Behjat
Published: March 2023

Background:

Neurodegenerative procedures include a large spectrum of disorders with
diverse pathological features and clinical manifestations, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's
disease (PD), Multiple sclerosis, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurodegenerative
diseases (NDs) are indicated by progressive loss of neurons and cognitive function, which is associated
with free radical formation, extra and intercellular accumulation of misfolded proteins, oxidative
stress, mitochondrial and neurotrophins dysfunction, bioenergetic impairment, inflammation,
and apoptotic cell death. Boswellic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene molecule of plant origin that has
been applied for treating several inflammatory disorders. Numerous studies have also investigated
its’ therapeutic potential against multiple NDs.

Objective:

In this article, we aim to review the neuroprotective effects of boswellic acid on NDs and
the related mechanisms of action.

Methods:

The databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, and Scopus were searched
to find studies that reported the effects of boswellic acid on NDs without time limits. Review articles,
letters, editorials, unpublished data, and articles not published in the English language were not
included in the study.

Results:

Overall, 17 studies were included in the present study (8 NDs in general, 5 AD, 3 PD, and
1 ALS). According to the reports, boswellic acid exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic,
and neuromodulatory effects against NDs. Boswellic acid decreases Tau phosphorylation
and amyloid-β (Aβ) generation in AD. This substance also protects nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons
and improves motor impairments in PD and modulates neurotransmitters, decreases the demyelination
region, and improves behavioral functions in ALS.

Conclusion:

Due to the significant effects of boswellic acid in NDs, more clinical studies are necessary
to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this substance because it seems that boswellic acid can be
used as a complementary or alternative treatment in patients with NDs.

PROSPERO Registration Number:

361020.
Identification of Important Genes Associated with the Development of
Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav
Published: March 2023

Atherosclerosis is one of the most important medical problems due to its prevalence and
significant contribution to the structure of temporary and permanent disability and mortality. Atherosclerosis
is a complex chain of events occurring in the vascular wall over many years. Disorders of lipid
metabolism, inflammation, and impaired hemodynamics are important mechanisms of atherogenesis.
A growing body of evidence strengthens the understanding of the role of genetic and epigenetic
factors in individual predisposition and development of atherosclerosis and its clinical outcomes. In
addition, hemodynamic changes, lipid metabolism abnormalities, and inflammation are closely related
and have many overlapping links in regulation. A better study of these mechanisms may improve the
quality of diagnosis and management of such patients.
Artemisia Absinthium Extract Attenuates the Quinolinic Acid-Induced
Cell Injury in OLN-93 Cells
Authors: Rashidi Roghayeh , Akaberi Maryam , Gholoobi Aida , Ghazavi Hamed , Forouzanfar Fatemeh
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Increased quinolinic acid (QA) accumulation has been found in many neurodegenerative
diseases. Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) has been reported to have neuroprotective
and antioxidant activities. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. absinthium in QAinduced
neurotoxicity in OLN-93 Cells.

Methods:

OLN-93 cells were cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum,
100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. The cells were pretreated with concentrations of
A. absinthium extract for two h and then exposed to QA for 24 h. After 24 h cell viability, the level of
malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic cells were quantitated in
OLN-93 Cells.

Results:

Pretreatment with A. absinthium extract prevented the loss of cell viability in OLN-93 cells.
ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in QA -injured OLN-93 cells were reduced following
A. absinthium extract pretreatment.

Conclusion:

A. absinthium extract exerts its neuroprotective effect against QA-induced neurotoxicity
via oxidative stress and apoptosis modulation.
Polyacrylic Acid Supported L-proline as an Effective Heterogeneous
Catalyst for the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Zhang Cuizhi , Fan Yanchao , Wang Sijia , Liu Shaojie , Chu Xiaomeng , Tang Erjun
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

L-proline is an efficient chiral small-molecule organocatalyst for the direct asymmetric aldol reaction between unmodified acetone and a variety of aldehydes.

Methods:

However, it is difficult to separate from the reaction medium for reuse. In this work, poly-acrylic acid (PAA) supported The acylation reaction between L-hydroxyproline and PAA prepared l-proline (P(AA-co-PA)) catalysts with various catalyst loadings. Fourier characterized them trans-forms infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetry analysis.

Results:

These macromolecular catalysts were used to catalyze acetone and benzaldehydes' direct asymmetric aldol reaction. The influence of the catalyst structure on the catalytic performance was studied, and the reaction conditions were optimized.

Conclusion:

The results showed that P(AA-co-PA) with 50 mol% catalyst loading had excellent cata-lytic performance, much higher than that of L-proline and L-hydroxyproline. Its recovery was achieved by simple filtration. After being reused 7 times, its catalytic performance was still higher than that of L-proline.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer and its Association
with Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Following Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Iravani Kamyar , Khosravi Yaaghoob , Doostkam Aida , Soltaniesmaeili Amir
Published: March 2023

Background:

Nutritional factors in developing some malignancies have been investigated
recently.

Objective:

In this study, we evaluated the role of vitamin D in advanced laryngeal cancer and its association
with the development of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) following total laryngectomy.

Study Design:

A cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted.

Methods:

Fifty-five patients with advanced laryngeal cancer referred for total laryngectomy were
included. We also considered 55 healthy individuals after matching age and sex as a control group.
Serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) kit. The association of serum 25(OH)D3 with PCF following total
laryngectomy was also determined.

Results:

Vitamin D was significantly lower in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer than in the
control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, our results showed that a mean serum concentration of
25(OH)D3 in patients with PCF was significantly lower than in patients without PCF (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in advanced laryngeal cancer, most pronounced
in those who develop a PFC following total laryngectomy.
Electrospun Propolis-coated PLGA Scaffold Enhances the Osteoinduction
of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Askari Mohammad , Jadid Tavaf Maryam , Ghorbani Masoud , Yazdanian Mohsen , Moghaddam Mehrdad Moosazadeh
Published: March 2023

Background:

Major injuries that are caused by trauma and cancer can not be repaired through
bone remodeling. The goal of bone regeneration by tissue engineering approaches is to fabricate bone
implants in order to restore bone structure and functions. The use of stem cells and polymer scaffolds
provides the conditions for tissue regeneration based on tissue engineering.

Objective:

This study aimed to fabricate a combined matrix of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and
propolis extract, which is a mixture of pollen and beeswax collected by bees from certain plants and has
long been used in traditional herbal medicine, to promote the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-
derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs).

Methods:

The scaffold was fabricated through electrospinning and was immersed in a propolis extract
solution. Then, AD-MSCs were cultured and differentiated into the osteogenic lineage. The cell viability
on the scaffold was evaluated by MTT assay. Osteogenic differentiation of the seeded stem cells was
detected by evaluating calcium content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression of bonespecific
genes.

Results:

The viability of cells was not affected by propolis-coated and uncoated fabricated scaffolds,
while higher calcium content, ALP activity, and expression of RUNX-2, type I collagen, osteocalcin, and
osteonectin were observed in cells differentiated on propolis-coated PLGA scaffold on days 7, 14, and 21
of differentiation compared to PLGA scaffold.

Conclusion:

The results of this study showed that the presence of propolis in the scaffold could lead to
better cell attachment and strengthen the osteoinduction process in stem cells.
Piezo1-ERK1/2-YAP Signaling Cascade Regulates the Proliferation of
Urine-derived Stem Cells on Collagen Gels
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Li Ling , Sun Bishao , Hou Xianglin , Song Siqi , Shi Chunying , Chen Wei
Published: March 2023

Background:

Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) were considered to be an ideal source of stem
cells for repairing urological diseases. However, the proliferative ability of USCs significantly decreased
when cultured on plastic dishes, which limited their clinical application. It was found that collagen gels
could promote the proliferation of USCs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms were unclear.

Objective:

The study aims to investigate the role of the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo1 and
the transcriptional coactivator YAP in the regulation of proliferation of USCs on collagen gels.

Methods:

USCs were cultured on collagen gels (group COL), or plastic dishes (group NON). MTT assay,
Scratch assay, EDU staining, and immunofluorescence (IF) of Ki67 were performed to evaluate the
proliferation of USCs; IF of YAP was conducted to observe its nuclear localization; calcium imaging
experiment was executed to evaluate the function of Piezo1; western blot was used to compare changes in
protein expression of YAP, LATS1, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2. In addition, the regulatory effect of YAP on
the proliferative capacity of USCs was confirmed by intervening YAP with its inhibitor verteporfin (VP);
and the inhibitor or activator of Piezo1, GsMTx4 or Yoda1 was used to explore the effect of Piezo1 on the
nuclear localization of YAP, the proliferation of USCs and the regeneration of injured bladder.

Results:

The results showed that cell proliferation was significantly enhanced in USCs in the COL group
with the nuclear accumulation of YAP compared with the NON group and VP attenuated these effects.
The expression and function of Piezo1 were higher in the COL group compared with the NON group.
Blockage of Piezo1 by GsMTx4 decreased nuclear localization of YAP, the proliferation of USCs, and
caused the failure of bladder reconstruction. Activation of Piezo1 by Yoda1 increased the nuclear
expression of YAP, and the proliferation of USCs, which further improved the regeneration of the injured
bladder. Finally, the ERK1/2 rather than LATS1 was revealed to participate in the Piezo1/YAP signal
cascades of USCs proliferation.

Conclusion:

Taken together, Piezo1-ERK1/2-YAP signal cascades were involved in regulating the
proliferation ability of USCs in collagen gels which would be beneficial for the regeneration of the bladder.
The Potential Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Cognitive
Impairment Prevention
Authors: Zeqaj Iris , Piffero Roberto , Calzaducca Elisa , Pirisi Mario , Bellan Mattia
Published: March 2023

Background:

Vitamin D is implicated in many processes in the central nervous system
(CNS), such as neurogenesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, synaptogenesis and protection against oxidative
stress, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.

Objective:

In the present review, we aimed to evaluate the potential benefit(s) of vitamin D supplementation
for CNS aging in different clinical contexts.

Methods:

We performed a literature search, looking for clinical trials and randomized clinical trials evaluating
the effect of vitamin D supplementation on different endpoints related to cognitive outcomes.

Results:

Firstly, we identified 16 papers dealing with the impact of vitamin D supplementation on
cognitive function in healthy subjects; the current literature suggests a real role for vitamin D supplementation
in the prevention of cognitive decay in this clinical setting. Conversely, two papers suggest
that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Finally, current data on vitamin D in Alzheimer’s disease are contradictory.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D supplementation may improve the cognitive outcomes of patients with MCI,
whereas there is no evidence that it may prevent dementia or modulate the course of Alzheimer’s disease.
Molecular Docking, Multicomponent One-pot Synthesis of Pyrimidine
Derivatives as Anti-mycobacterial Agents
Authors: Chandra  Panda Krishna , Kumar B.V.V. Ravi , Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Chandrasekaran Balakumar , Swain Parijat
Published: March 2023

Background:

Molecular docking study is used significantly in the drug discovery process for predicting the interaction between drug and receptor. This technique has been used commonly to identify the binding affinity and orientation of drug molecules at the binding site of the target. The main objectives of docking studies include accurate modeling of molecular structure and precise prediction of the biological activity of the drug molecules.

Methods:

Based on this concept, a series of 2-amino-6-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives have been designed and synthesized via multi-component reaction. The synthetic protocol involves the one-pot, three-component reaction be-tween equimolar quantities of substituted benzaldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate, and guanidine in an ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution.

Results:

The characterization of the titled compounds was carried out by assessing infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity by using the luciferase reporter phage (LRP) assay method.

Conclusion:

The determination of anti-mycobacterial activity was carried out in terms of the percent reduction in the relative light unit (RLU). The test compounds displayed significant ac-tivity against Mycobacterium strain H37Rv in comparison to isoniazid as a standard drug.
Biological Activities of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed, Rind and Pulp Oil
Extracts
Authors: Getahun Aynalem , Yusuf Zekeria , Desta Mulugeta
Published: March 2023

Background:

Carica Papaya L. is widely cultivated for food and traditional medicine throughout the World due to its rich source of bioactive compounds in its fruit, leaves, latex and stem.

Objective:

The aim of this work was to assess the physicochemical properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of oils extracted from papaya seeds, fruit pulp and rind using the solvent ex-traction method.

Methods:

Hexane mediated extraction of oil was made. Then, physicochemical properties of the oil extracts were based on the determination of oil yield, specific gravity, acid value, free fatty acid and peroxide value, while the antioxidant activities were conducted based on ascorbic acid content, DPPH and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activities. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted based on disc diffusion and broth dilution methods.

Results:

The result of physicochemical properties of papaya seeds, pulp and rind oil extracts demon-strated significantly the highest oil yield (42.50%) and specific gravity (0.85) obtained for seed oil. Significantly the highest DPPH (19.35%), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities (32.45%) were recorded for seed oil extract. The strongest antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (18.50 mm), minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (0.03 μg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concen-tration MBC (0.05 μg/mL) were recorded for seed oil extract against S. pyogenes. However, the strong-est antifungal activity with maximum zone of inhibition (16.75 mm), MIC (0.05 μg/mL) and MFC (0.10 μg/mL) against C. albicans was recorded for rind oil extract against C. albicans.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded from the result of this study that seed oil was found to have antioxidant and antibacterial potential but fruit rind oil extract was the most effective antifungal in papaya.
Research on Wheel Out-of-round Fault Diagnosis Based on Vibration Data
Images
Authors: Sun Peng , Yao Huiming , Yuan Chunping
Published: March 2023

Background:

The wheel out-of-round fault of urban rail vehicles has a very important impact
on the safe operation of urban rail trains. Therefore, it is of great significance to achieve an accurate
diagnosis of the wheel out-of-round fault of trains.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the diagnosis methods of the wheel out-of-round
fault, and propose a new diagnosis method based on vibration data images, which can effectively identify
the wheel out-of-round fault.

Methods:

The one-dimensional vibration signal is converted into a two-dimensional texture matrix.
The Statistical Geometrical Features (SGF) method extracts the feature information of the twodimensional
gray image and combines it with a support vector machine for training and recognition to
achieve the fault diagnosis of the wheel out-of-roundness.

Results:

The feasibility and accuracy of the method are verified by simulation and experimental signal
analysis, respectively. The experimental results show that the overall recognition accuracy of the model
simulation data and the two-wheel experimental bench data exceeds 91%, exhibiting significantly
high fault identification accuracy.

Conclusion:

In this paper, a wheel out-of-round fault diagnosis model based on vibration data images
has been established by analyzing the vertical dynamic signal of the axle box, which has the advantages
of fast recognition in combination with two-dimensional grey-scale images, no signal preprocessing,
and high recognition accuracy. It provides a new method for monitoring and diagnosing
wheel out-of-round faults in urban rail vehicles.
COVID-19 Study, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Transition
Authors: Lu Da-Yong , Lu Ting-Ren
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

The outbreak of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China occurred three years ago. However,
the healthcare state and legislature for COVID-19 varied greatly worldwide. After three
years, the social life of most countries worldwide is gradually back to normal. Diagnosis and
therapeutics worldwide are formalized now. Improvement of the knowledge about this devastating
disease will shed new light on its management and spawn the development of new
counter measures. Due to the differences in socioeconomic conditions and policies worldwide,
the diagnostic and therapeutic transition should be established. The schedules and techniques
of vaccines, drugs, or other therapeutic strategies could be formalized in the future.
The origin and hidden nature of COVID-19 biology (relationship between viral strain and
drug targeting) should be further investigated. Knowledge and opinion breakthroughs may
significantly heighten the quality of preventive and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
To further stabilize the global situation, the issues of viral spread and induced mortality
should be emphasized. Existing animal models, pathophysiological knowledge, and therapeutics
for different infected patients played vital roles. The diagnostic widening, variants of
COVID, and therapeutic selection worldwide totally solve the complex outcomes and promote
the curability for infected patients. Different diagnostic platforms can reach different
therapeutic selections, responses, and benefits in the clinic. It will provide advanced diagnostic
dimensions, therapeutic paradigms, and drug selection strategies for the purpose of the
greatest benefiting and recoveries of COVID-19 patients. To speed up the global fight against
COVID-19, biomedical knowledge, prophylactic vaccines, and therapeutic paradigms should
be updated in dynamic states.
(p, q, t)L-th Order Based Some Further Results of Integer Translated Composite Entire and Meromorphic Functions
Authors: Biswas Tanmay , Biswas Chinmay
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this chapter is to investigate some results related to the
growth rates of the composition of integer translated entire and meromorphic functions
using (p, q, t)L-th order and (p, q, t)L-th lower order under certain different conditions.
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS PADA BIROKRASI PERENCANAAN PERKOTAAN
Authors: Sutikno Fauzul Rizal
Published: March 2023

Di perkotaan Indonesia, banyak permukiman informal dibangun di atas tanah negara sehingga menjadikannya ilegal dan rawan penggusuran. Namun, karena kurangnya sumberdaya untuk melakukan proses penggusuran atau karena kepentingan politik para pengambil keputusan kota, pemerintah secara informal mengizinkan adanya permukiman informal tersebut. Interaksi politik dalam birokrasi perkotaan di Indonesia menimbulkan ketidakpastian bagaimana regulasi diimplementasikan oleh pemerintah terhadap penduduk perkotaan, sektor swasta, dan antarlembaga pemerintah. Studi ini menggunakan stakeholder analysis dan social network analysis untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan informasi dan kohesi dalam birokrasi pemerintah yang mempengaruhi agenda politik di balik pengaturan proyek yang berkaitan dengan permukiman informal. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kekuatan politik broker dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakpastian dalam peraturan. Sebaliknya, broker juga memiliki kemampuan untuk menyalurkan sumberdaya ke permukiman informal dengan mengkombinasikan hubungan formal dan informal yang dimilikinya.
Kata Kunci : informal, politik, birokrasi, social network analysis.
PERKEMBANGAN KOTA-KOTA KECIL DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS DAN POTENSI PENGUATAN PERANNYA DALAM KETERKAITAN DESA KOTA
Authors: Sari Diyah Kumala , Mardiansjah Fadjar Hari
Published: March 2023

Kabupaten Banyumas merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang mengalami urbanisasi wilayah yang ditandai oleh perkembangan kawasan perkotaan yang massif di wilayahnya. Pada tahun 2019 kabupaten ini memiliki tingkat urbanisasi sebesar 49,6% dengan adanya 144 desa perkotaan yang membentuk 26 aglomerasi perkotaan, walaupun aktivitas perdesaan seperti pertanian dan pertambangan, yang dikombinasi oleh pariwisata, dan perindustrian masih menjadi aktivitas utama dari Sebagian besar masyarakat di kabupaten ini. Perkembangan kawasan perkotaan yang membentuk kota-kota kecil memiliki potensi peran dalam peningkatan perekonomian wilayah sebagai jembatan aktivitas yang memperkuat keterkaitan desa kota. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis perkembangan kota-kota kecil di Kabupaten Banyumas dan mengetahui bagaimana peluang pengembangannya dalam peningkatan potensi perannya dalam memperkuat keterkaitan desa kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus berbasis pada data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertumbuhan kawasan perkotaan terjadi hampir di seluruh wilayah kabupaten. Teridentifikasi terdapat satu kota sedang, lima kota kecil, serta dua puluh kota kecamatan yang berkembang. Namun keberadaan kota-kota kecil tersebut belum sepenuhnya mampu dalam menyediakan fasilitas pendukung bagi aktivitas perdesaan. Umumnya, kota-kota kecil yang ada hanya dikembangkan sebagai kawasan pelayanan umum yang mampu melayani kawasan perkotaan serta kawasan lain di sekitarnya, dan belum diarahkan menjadi pusat pendukung pengembangan aktivitas perdesaan. Sehingga untuk meningkatkan penguatan potensi perannya dalam kebijakan dan strategi pembangunan wilayahnya perlu menambahkan pengembangan fasilitas di kawasan-kawasan perkotaan, agar mampu menjadikan kawasan-kawasan tersebut sebagai kawasan penyedia fasilitas pendukung sekaligus sebagai pusat transformasi produksi ekonomi dari kawasan perkotaan dan kawasan pertanian perdesaan di sekitarnya, di dalam upaya memperkuat keterkaitan desa kota di Kabupaten Banyumas.
Kata Kunci: aktivitas perdesaan, keterkaitan desa kota, perkembangan kota kecil, peran kota kecil, urbanisasi wilayah
Evidence of Pain Neuroscience Education on Musculoskeletal Disorders: An Updated Review
Authors: Sunidhi Sunidhi
Published: March 2023

Pain neuroscience education ( PNE) is a new concept which helps the patients to modulate their pain perception and experiences. The concept has shown effectiveness, comparable to other pain-relieving modalities including manual therapies.The objective of the current review is to explore the mechanism on which pain neurosciences work and various methodologies to implement pain neuroscience education. The current literature of pain neurosciences education has ben reviewed and the evidences synthesised to explore the above objectives. Pain neuroscience education takes into account the complexity of a pain experience and aids patients in redefining pain by educating them on the various neurophysiological, neurobiological, social, and physical factors that may be present in their particular pain experience. The main objective of PNE is to assist individuals in rethinking their chronic pain. The mechanism through which PNE works is reframing the way we think about pain. It is important to accept that in chronic pain, pain is not a direct measure of tissue damage and more chronic the pain it becomes less reliable gauge for tissue damage. It is also important to note that pain is influences by physical, psychological and social factors According to research, pain neuroscience education is a successful therapy technique for a number of chronic pain subtypes, including whiplash-related pain, neck pain in teenagers, and pain from lumbar surgery, complicated regional pain syndrome, and low back pain. PNE has advantages for participants from early adolescence to old persons. Pain Neuroscience Education is an effective method of managing pain and may be used by the physiotherapist to manage the patients with musculoskeletal conditions Chronic musculoskeletal pain is very common complaint and research shows that pain neuroscience education is effective in pain management and physiotherapists should utilize the concept in patients as it improves patient engagement in health care.
Calidad sensorial y proximal en conservas de mondongo de res (Bos taurus) en salsa de ají amarillo (Capsicum baccatum)
Authors: Ligarda Samanez Carlos Alberto , Choque-Quispe David , Allende Allende Lineth Florisa , Ramos Pacheco Besty Suri , Peralta-Guevara Diego Elio
Published: March 2023

Los despojos blancos provenientes del ganado vacuno son materias primas secundarias que podrían ser transformadas por la agroindustria. El rumen y el retículo son valorados en la gastronomía peruana, especialmente en la preparación de platos típicos que incorporan Capsicum baccatum como ingrediente fundamental. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades organolépticas y nutricionales en conservas de filete de mondongo de res, utilizando salsa de ají amarillo al 1 % (F1), 2 % (F2) y 3 % (F3) p/p; para la obtención de los enlatados se mezcló la salsa y los demás ingredientes que luego se esterilizaron y una vez obtenidos los productos se realizó el análisis proximal y las pruebas de preferencia y aceptación de escala hedónica. Al finalizar, la información obtenida se procesó utilizando estadística paramétrica y no paramétrica, donde se reportaron contenidos de proteínas entre 21,23 y 21,65 %, lípidos entre 8,65 y 13,76 %, minerales entre 2,10 y 2,33 %, carbohidratos entre 1,88 y 2,10 % y humedad entre 61,03 y 65,25 % y no se observaron diferencias significativas en el contenido proteico, cenizas y carbohidratos (valor p > 0,05), contrario al caso de las grasas (valor p < 0,05). La evaluación sensorial demostró que no existe una diferencia significativa entre las formulaciones F1 y F3 para los descriptores de olor y sabor; por otro lado, la formulación F3 obtuvo la mayor aceptabilidad general y porcentaje de preferencia (47,50 %). Se concluye que el producto tiene calidad sensorial y bromatológica para el consumo humano.
Incorporating Consumers’ Needs in Nutrition Apps to Promote and Maintain Use: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: van der Haar Sandra , Raaijmakers Ireen , Verain Muriel C D , Meijboom Saskia
Published: March 2023

Background

Nutrition apps seem to be promising tools for supporting consumers toward healthier eating habits. There is a wide variety of nutrition apps available; however, users often discontinue app use at an early stage before a permanent change in dietary behavior can be achieved.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to identify, from both a user and nonuser perspective, which functionalities should be included in nutrition apps to increase intentions to start and maintain use of these apps. A secondary objective was to gain insight into reasons to quit using nutrition apps at an early stage.

Methods

This study used a mixed methods approach and included a qualitative and a quantitative study. The qualitative study (n=40) consisted of a home-use test with 6 commercially available nutrition apps, followed by 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) to investigate user experiences. The quantitative study was a large-scale survey (n=1420), which was performed in a representative sample of the Dutch population to quantify the FGDs’ results. In the survey, several app functionalities were rated on 7-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (very unimportant) to 7 (very important).

Results

A total of 3 different phases of app use, subdivided into 10 user-centric app aspects and 46 associated app functionalities, were identified as relevant nutrition app elements in the FGDs. Relevance was confirmed in the survey, as all user-centric aspects and almost all app functionalities were rated as important to include in a nutrition app. In the starting phase, a clear introduction (mean 5.45, SD 1.32), purpose (mean 5.40, SD 1.40), and flexible food tracking options (mean 5.33, SD 1.45) were the most important functionalities. In the use phase, a complete and reliable food product database (mean 5.58, SD 1.41), easy navigation (mean 5.56, SD 1.36), and limited advertisements (mean 5.53, SD 1.51) were the most important functionalities. In the end phase, the possibility of setting realistic goals (mean 5.23, SD 1.44), new personal goals (mean 5.13, SD 1.45), and continuously offering new information (mean 4.88, SD 1.44) were the most important functionalities. No large differences between users, former users, and nonusers were found. The main reason for quitting a nutrition app in the survey was the high time investment (14/38, 37%). This was also identified as a barrier in the FGDs.

Conclusions

Nutrition apps should be supportive in all 3 phases of use (start, use, and end) to increase consumers’ intentions to start and maintain the use of these apps and achieve a change in dietary behavior. Each phase includes several key app functionalities that require specific attention from app developers. High time investment is an important reason to quit nutrition app use at an early stage.
Patients’ Experiences Using a Mobile Health App for Self-Care of Heart Failure in a Real-World Setting: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Madujibeya Ifeanyi , Lennie Terry A , Pelzel Jamie , Moser Debra K
Published: March 2023

Background

Publicly available patient-focused mobile health (mHealth) apps are being increasingly integrated into routine heart failure (HF)–related self-care. However, there is a dearth of research on patients’ experiences using mHealth apps for self-care in real-world settings.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore patients’ experiences using a commercially available mHealth app, OnTrack to Health, for HF self-care in a real-world setting.

Methods

Patient satisfaction, measured with a 5-point Likert scale, and an open-ended survey were used to gather data from 23 patients with HF who were provided the OnTrack to Health app as a part of routine HF management. A content analysis of patients’ responses was conducted with the qualitative software Atlas.ti (version 8; ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH).

Results

Patients (median age 64, IQR 57-71 years; 17/23, 74% male) used OnTrack to Health for a median 164 (IQR 51-640) days before the survey. All patients reported excellent experiences related to app use and would recommend the app to other patients with HF. Five themes emerged from the responses to the open-ended questions: (1) features that enhanced self-care of HF (medication tracker, graphic performance feedback and automated alerts, secured messaging features, and HF self-care education); (2) perceived benefits (provided assurance of safety, improved HF self-care, and decreased hospitalization rates); (3) challenges with using apps for self-care (giving up previous self-care strategies); (4) facilitators (perceived ease of use and availability of technical support); and (5) suggested improvements (streamlining data entry, integration of apps with an electronic medical record, and personalization of app features).

Conclusions

Patients were satisfied with using OnTrack to Health for self-care. They perceived the features of the app as valuable tools for improving self-care ability and decreasing hospitalization rates. The development of apps in collaboration with end users is essential to ensure high-quality patient experiences related to app use for self-care.
Revealing disease‐specific endogenous target mimic of microRNA from long non‐coding RNA identification and characterization in Musa spp.
Authors: Putra Audie Masola , Nugrahapraja Husna , Dwivany Fenny Martha
Published: March 2023

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world. Unfortunately, the plants are at risk from many disease problems, which mainly derive from microorganism. It is a little known about the relationship between disease‐inducing microorganisms and plants, particularly at the molecular level. This research aimed to characterize long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) from bananas that may have roles in regulating gene expression related to the disease response mechanism in banana derived from transcriptomic libraries. Furthermore, the detected transcripts were analyzed to identify the endogenous target mimics (eTMs) interaction between lncRNA and microRNA (miRNA) using computational approaches. Data from Cavendish banana (AAA group), Berangan (AAA group), Yunnan Banana (Itinerans), Dajiao (ABB group), and Klutuk (BB group) were used in this research. We found that lncRNA tends to be unsustainable, and most sizes are below 1000 bp (≥ 75%). Based on this result, we investigated the eTMs to determine lncRNA transcripts and miRNA, such as miR397 in Cavendish and miR444 in Klutuk. This transcript would be regulated following exposure to extreme temperatures and disease, indicating the possibility of disease‐specific interaction between bananas and their environment at the molecular level.