bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M2AR: An Architecture for a 3D Enhanced Metamodeling Platform for Extended Reality
Authors: Muff Fabian
Published: February 2025

As stated in the previous chapter’s conclusion, two-dimensional (2D) metamodeling platforms such as ADOxx (see Sect. 5.2.2) are not suitable for modeling three-dimensional augmented reality (AR) applications, such as modeling with the newly introduced Augmented Reality Workflow Modeling Method (ARWFMM). However, not only for visual modeling of AR scenarios, such 2D metamodeling platforms come to their limits. Taking again into account the derived use cases for extended reality applications combined with conceptual modeling in Chap. 3, it becomes clear that the traditional 2D approach is not sufficient here either.
Prototypical Realization of the M2AR Metamodeling Platform
Authors: Muff Fabian
Published: February 2025

This chapter shows how the first prototype of the proposed M2AR metamodeling platform looks. The chapter is structured as follows. First, the technology stack used will be introduced (Sect. 7.1). Then, the different parts that have been implemented will be shown, including the database (Sect. 7.2), the Global Shared Datastructure (Sect. 7.3), the API Server Module (Sect. 7.4), as well as the Instance Modeling Client (Sect. 7.5).
Evaluation of the M2AR Platform Prototype
Authors: Muff Fabian
Published: February 2025

This chapter evaluates three different aspects of the M2AR platform. First, it includes a comparative evaluation of the global generic- and specific requirements (see Chaps. 3 and 4), against the first implementation of the metamodeling platform M2AR (see Chaps. 6 and 7), and against the first implementations of the Augmented Reality Workflow Modeling Method (ARWFMM) language implemented on M2AR. This is followed by a demonstration of M2AR and its ARWFMM implementation, and third, an empirical evaluation of the comprehensibility of the ARWFMM and its language concepts.
Seasonal dynamics of Hildenbrandia rubra in a Mediterranean marine cave: insights into the algal community and biodiversity
Authors: Iluz David , Barinova Sophia , Mayer Danielle , Golstein Efrat , Cherniavska Elena , Alster Alla , Dubinsky Zvy , Abu-Ghosh Said
Published: February 2025

Marine caves, often overlooked hotspots of biodiversity, provide unique habitats for specialized species. Located on the Mediterranean coast, Rosh HaNiqra is a midlittoral cave renowned for its vibrant epilithic algal community. In the study reported here, we explored the light environment, algal composition, and ecological dynamics of the Rosh HaNiqra cave. Light measurements revealed that illumination in the cave ranged from 0.5 to 2.5% of the sunlight recorded at the mouth of the cave, with variations across seasons and times of day, peaking during summer, and an increase in red wavelengths towards sunset. Biodiversity assessments, including rbcL gene sequencing studies, identified Hildenbrandia rubra (red alga) as the principal alga, together with Blidingia dawsonii (green alga), cyanobacteria, and mosses, forming a “Balcony of Colors”. The cave's conditions were found to be most favorable for H. rubra in the autumn through early winter, when the cave provides a critical refuge where this alga thrives in stable, low-light conditions, demonstrating high photosynthetic efficiency even in reduced light. Our study of algal distribution showed seasonal fluctuations, with peak coverage during warmer months and a decline in winter. This study not only deepens our understanding of Rosh HaNiqra's cave ecosystem but also provides an essential baseline for future ecological and conservation research in marine caves.
Targeting the sigma-1 receptor with pridopidine induces functional neurorestoration in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Sweed Eman , Khodir Suzan A. , Motawea Shaimaa Mohamed , El-Haron Hala , Mostafa Basma Abdelnaby , Elkholy Mona S. , Salim Mohammud , Shebl Doaa Z. M.
Published: February 2025

Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs with an incidence of 1–32%, often leading to paraplegia with limited prevention options. Pridopidine (Prdpn), a highly selective sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) agonist, serves as a protein chaperone that is engaged in neuroplasticity and cellular defense. This research aimed to assess the neuroprotective properties of Prdpn in spinal cord IRI in rats and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: control, sham, IRI, and IRI + Prdpn. Tarlov’s test was used to examine behavioral performance, as well as withdrawal from agonizing stimuli and the placing/stepping reflex (SPR). Biochemical markers, including spinal malondialdehyde (MDA), AOPP, antioxidant GPX, TNF-α and IL-1β, and apoptotic caspase-3, were measured, along with BDNF, GDNF, and Sig-1R gene expression. Histopathological changes in spinal cord tissue were also evaluated. Spinal cord IRI significantly caused neurological deficits, evidenced by lower scores in Tarlov’s test, withdrawal from agonizing stimuli, and SPR. Biochemically, spinal cord IRI led to decreased GPX and increased MDA, AOPP, TNF-α, IL-1β, caspase-3, and GDNF levels, along with downregulated BDNF and Sig-1R gene expression. Histopathologically, spinal cord IRI resulted in greater spinal neuronal degeneration, apoptosis, and demyelination. However, treatment with Prdpn significantly improved behavioral outcomes and partially reversed the biochemical and histopathological alterations. Prdpn improved spinal cord IRI-induced behavioral deficits through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic properties. It suggests promise as a potential treatment option to stop spinal cord IRI.
Polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics-induced neurotoxicity in adult male Swiss albino mice with amelioration of betaine: a histopathological, neurochemical, and molecular investigation
Authors: Kamel Nehal A. , Bashir Dina W. , El-Leithy Ebtihal M. M. , Tohamy Adel F. , Rashad Maha M. , Ali Ghada E. , El-Saba Abdel Aleem A.
Published: February 2025

Medicines, food packaging, personal care products, and cosmetics extensively use polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics (PET-NaPs). However, they also have harmful impacts on several organs. Betaine demonstrates potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Our goal was to investigate the detrimental impact of PET-NaPs on the mouse brain and evaluate the neuroprotective properties of betaine. We allocated 40 completely mature male Swiss albino mice into four distinct groups: control group, betaine group, PET-NaPs group, and betaine-co-treated group. Following a 30-day duration, euthanasia was performed on the mice, and analyzed tissue samples were obtained from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus. PET-NaPs resulted in an elevated level of malondialdehyde and upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression while significantly reducing the levels of glutathione and downregulating acetylcholinesterase. The PET-NPs also caused significant changes in the histopathology of the brain tissue, and there was a demonstrable rise in the immunostaining of IL-1β and glial fibrillary acidic proteins. Consequently, betaine effectively alleviated the negative consequences of PET-NaPs. Therefore, betaine possesses the capacity to mitigate the neurotoxic consequences induced by PET-NaPs.
James Joyce. Chronisch rezidivierende Iritis infolge einer postvenerischen reaktiven Arthritis
Authors: Zeidler H.
Published: February 2025

Der irische Autor James Joyce (1882–1941) erkrankte an chronisch rezidivierender Iritis mit vielfältigen Komplikationen, die zu einer fast völligen Blindheit führten. Als Auslöser diskutiert wurden v. a. Syphilis und eine rheumatische Erkrankung im Sinne eines Reiter-Syndroms. Das zeitliche Zusammentreffen von venerischer Infektion, Arthritis und charakteristischen, ärztlich dokumentierten Merkmalen der Iritis einschließlich der typischen Komplikationen sind zusammen mit dem chronisch rezidivierenden Verlauf der Augenerkrankung überzeugende Argumente für eine postvenerische reaktive Arthritis. Für den ungünstigen Verlauf der Iritis sind möglicherweise eine familiäre Disposition und Rauchen mit verantwortlich. Es fehlen sichere Hinweise auf eine Syphilis, und v. a. die mehrfachen Rezidive der Iritis sind nicht vereinbar mit einer luetischen Infektion. Kunsthistoriker haben auch nach den medizinischen Publikationen, in denen die rheumatische Genese überzeugend diskutiert wurde, und in deren Kenntnis an der Diagnose der Syphilis festgehalten. Deshalb ist zu wünschen, dass zukünftig die kunsthistorische Literatur die Krankheit von Joyce entsprechend der medizinischen Erkenntnisse wiedergibt.
Motor and nonmotor features of p.A53T alpha-synuclein PD vs idiopathic PD: longitudinal data from the PPMI study
Authors: Simitsi Athina Maria , Sfikas Evangelos , Koros Christos , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Beratis Ion , Papadimitriou Dimitra , Antonellou Roubina , Fragiadaki Styliani , Kontaxopoulou Dionysia , Picillo Marina , Pachi Ioanna , Alefanti Ioanna , Stamelou Maria , Barone Paolo , Stefanis Leonidas
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives

The phenotype of p.A53T-α-synuclein (SNCA) mutation carriers with Parkinson’s disease (A53T-PD) appears more severe compared to idiopathic PD (iPD), however, information is limited. Here we conducted a comprehensive longitudinal study to investigate the progression of motor and nonmotor features of Α53Τ-PD compared to iPD.

Methods

Detailed longitudinal 3-year data, concerning both motor and non-motor features, of 16 p.A53T-PD and 48 iPD, matched for age (51–53 years) and disease duration (approximately 4 years) at baseline, were downloaded from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database and compared between the two groups. Additionally, a cognitive composite score was generated by five cognitive tests, focused more on executive/visuospatial function.

Results

At baseline, global cognitive function, as assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), was not significantly different between the two groups, in contrast to tests evaluating executive/visuospatial function, including the composite score, which were worse in A53T-PD. There was a significant decline over time in all neuropsychological tests in A53T-PD, while iPD remained stable. A similar pattern was revealed for motor status and function, as well as autonomic function, which were similar between the two groups at baseline, but deteriorated significantly only in A53T-PD over time.

Discussion

A53T-PD patients present an accelerated decline in both motor and non-motor parameters, with an impairment in executive-visuospatial function occurring early in the disease process. Such data may set the stage for targeted disease-modifying therapies in this particular subtype, while generated data may be widely applicable to iPD, which is largely a sporadic synucleinopathy.
Assessment of the influence of 660 and 808-nm PBM treatments on mitochondrial oxygen consumption of MG-63 osteoblast: a 3D cell culture study
Authors: Sleep Simone , Hryciw Deanne , Gunter Jennifer , Arany Praveen , Tomy Nifty , George Roy
Published: February 2025

This study explores the dose-dependent effects of 660-nm and 808-nm photobiomodulation (PBM) on mitochondrial oxygen respiration rate activity in MG-63 osteoblast cells using an innovative 3D in vitro spheroid model. MG-63 osteoblast cells were grown to 80% confluence and seeded in fish gelatin hydrogel (LunaGel™) to form 3D spheroids within 3–7 days. Spheroids were seeded on Seahorse microplates and incubated in a LunacrossLinker™ (visible light crosslinking system) for 2 min to give hydrogel a mid-stiffness of 3.5 kPa. Cells were exposed to PBM either 660-nm or 808-nm at panel setting of 5 J/cm2 and 15 J/cm2 and then assessed immediate (15 min before analysing) and 24 h time points. Mitochondrial activity was determined using an XFe96 Seahorse analyzer. Data distribution was assessed, and parametric or non-parametric tests and compared the mitochondrial respiratory capacity across different experimental conditions. The study indicated that 660-nm and 808-nm PBM could modulate mitochondrial functions in osteoblasts. The maximal respiratory rate for the fluency assessed at 808-nm wavelength was increased when cells were assessed immediate post. Interestingly, the 660-nm PBM-treated cells showed a decrease in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at the basal and maximal bioenergetic state at all time points (immediate and 24 h.) and fluency compared to the untreated control. The effects of 660-nm and 808-nm wavelengths on osteoblast mitochondrial function suggest that PBM demonstrates differential modulation of osteoblast metabolism and bioenergetics depending on the wavelength. These findings have practical implications in both research and clinical settings, offering insights into selecting specific wavelengths for therapeutic applications.
Prospective observational study on the relationships between genetic alterations and survival in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: the impact of IDC-P
Authors: Kato Masashi , Sato Hiroyuki , Naito Yushi , Yamamoto Akiyuki , Kawanishi Hideji , Nakano Yojiro , Nishikimi Toshinori , Kobayashi Masataka , Kondo Atsuya , Hirabayashi Hiroki , Katsuno Satoshi , Sakamoto Fumitoshi , Kimura Tohru , Yamamoto Shigeki , Araki Hidemori , Tochigi Kosuke , Ito Fumihiro , Hatsuse Hatsuro , Sassa Naoto , Hirakawa Akihiro , Akamatsu Shusuke , Tsuzuki Toyonori
Published: February 2025

Background

Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate (IDC-P) is a significant prognostic indicator for prostate cancer, which demonstrates significant associations with homologous recombination repair gene mutations (HRRm) and alterations in tumor suppressor genes. However, no study in Japan has investigated the association between IDC-P and genetic mutations in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Methods

This prospective observational study enrolled 102 de novo mCSPC (LATITUDE high-risk) patients diagnosed between 2018 and 2021, with subsequent monitoring of survival outcomes. A single genitourinary pathologist evaluated all needle biopsy slides. Genetic analyses were performed using the Myriad myChoice HRD plus™. These genetic analyses covered 108 genetic loci, including 15 HRRm genes, with a success rate of 91%.

Results

Genetic alterations were observed in 79 patients (77.5%), with 20 exhibiting HRRm (19.6%). Common genetic alterations included FOXA1 (29.4%) and TP53 (17.6%) mutations; BRCA (9.8%) mutations were the most frequent HRRm (BRCA1:2 cases, BRCA2:8 cases, including 6 biallelic). IDC-P-positive patients demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of genetic aberrations (82.6% vs. 50%, p = 0.0082). Patients with biallelic BRCA2, TP53, and PTEN mutations exhibited significantly poorer cancer-specific survival. Multivariate analysis identified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (HR 1.005, p = 0.035), TP53 mutations (HR 5.196, p < 0.001), biallelic BRCA2 mutations (HR 10.686, p = 0.005), and IDC-P as independent predictors of poor cancer-specific survival. No cancer-related deaths occurred in IDC-P-negative cases.

Conclusion

Our study emphasizes the significant association between IDC-P and an elevated incidence of genetic alterations in Japanese mCSPC patients, emphasizing the need for early genetic testing to guide therapeutic decision-making.
Classification of fundus autofluorescence images based on macular function in retinitis pigmentosa using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Kominami Taro , Ueno Shinji , Ota Junya , Inooka Taiga , Oda Masahiro , Mori Kensaku , Nishiguchi Koji M
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To determine whether convolutional neural networks (CNN) can classify the severity of central vision loss using fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images and color fundus images of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and to evaluate the utility of those images for severity classification.

Study design

Retrospective observational study.

Methods

Medical charts of patients with RP who visited Nagoya University Hospital were reviewed. Eyes with atypical RP or previous surgery were excluded. The mild group was comprised of patients with a mean deviation value of > − 10 decibels, and the severe group of < − 20 decibels, in the Humphrey field analyzer 10-2 program. CNN models were created by transfer learning of VGG16 pretrained with ImageNet to classify patients as either mild or severe, using FAF images or color fundus images.

Results

Overall, 165 patients were included in this study; 80 patients were classified into the severe and 85 into the mild group. The test data comprised 40 patients in each group, and the images of the remaining patients were used as training data, with data augmentation by rotation and flipping. The highest accuracies of the CNN models when using color fundus and FAF images were 63.75% and 87.50%, respectively.

Conclusion

Using FAF images may enable the accurate assessment of central vision function in RP. FAF images may include more parameters than color fundus images that can evaluate central visual function.
Amphibian conservation in Europe: the importance of pond condition
Authors: López-de Sancha A. , Boix D. , Benejam L. , Briggs L. , Davidson T. A. , Fahy J. C. , Frutos-Aragón V. , Greaves H. M. , Lemmens P. , Mehner T. , Martín L. , Oertli B. , Sayer C. , Brucet S.
Published: February 2025

Most amphibians found in Europe inhabit ponds, small aquatic ecosystems commonly threatened by habitat degradation and destruction. Despite this situation, ponds are rarely considered in conservation policies. Thus, their effective management may present a significant opportunity to alleviate the ongoing decline of amphibian populations. In this study, we assessed if the favourable condition of a pond and its conservation status promotes its amphibian species richness, which was determined by using environmental DNA metabarcoding. For this, we investigated the condition of 154 ponds across six European countries, considered through measurements of their conservation status (Shallow Lentic Ecosystem Conservation Status index, ECELS), water quality and trophic state, and physical characteristics. By utilising Generalised Linear Mixed Models, we determined that a higher amphibian species richness, and a higher number of protected ones, are found in shallow ponds with a better pond condition, meaning a higher conservation status and a better water quality. Specifically, we observed that non-eutrophic ponds characterized by permeable and shallow basins with smooth slopes, and without weirs, foster a higher amphibian diversity. Conservation efforts targeting the preservation of natural pond hydrological processes and mitigating nutrient pollution are critical for safeguarding amphibian biodiversity in Europe and contributing to broader freshwater conservation goals.
Risk factors for interval breast cancer: insights from a decade of a mammography screening program
Authors: Subelack Jonas , Morant Rudolf , Blum Marcel , Eichenberger Alena , Geissler Alexander , Ehlig David
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Breast cancer remains a major global health issue, with mammography screening programs (MSPs) being critical for early detection to improve survival. Interval breast cancers (IBC) are an important quality criterion and have been linked with increased mortality. We aimed to identify risk factors for IBC diagnoses, based on MSP data.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we merged data from the Swiss MSP “donna” with data from cancer registries from 2010 to 2019 to categorize cases as IBC or screen-detected breast cancer (SBC). We compared the incidence, tumor characteristics, and survival proportions of women with IBC versus SBC. We used a multivariable Poisson regression with robust errors to identify risk factors for IBC diagnoses.

Results

We identified 1134 breast cancer cases, specifically 251 IBC and 883 SBC. The 7-year survival proportions significantly deviated with 92.9% for women with IBC and 96.4% for women with SBC (p < 0.05). Women with IBC are diagnosed with significantly higher tumor stages (p < 0.05) and have a worse tumor biology in multiple dimensions e.g. larger tumor size or more often triple negative (p < 0.05). Higher breast density (BI-RADS d risk ratio (RR): 3.293), certain age groups (55–59 years RR: 1.345), and a family breast cancer history (RR: 1.299) were identified as significant (p < 0.05) risk factors for IBC diagnoses.

Conclusions

Women with IBC had lower overall survival proportions than women with SBC, possibly due to higher stages at diagnosis. Increased breast density and a positive family history of breast cancer could encourage MSPs to personalize their screening process (e.g. additional diagnostics).
Cultivating CSR: The Artistic Influence of Top Executives on Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Xiao Jinli , Liang Weijuan , Pan Yue , Tian Gary Gang
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of top executives’ art exposure on corporate social responsibility (CSR) through the lens of altruistic motivations. Utilizing data on artistic elements from China’s national intangible cultural heritage (ICH), we find a significant positive relationship between board chairs’ art exposure and CSR performance, particularly when the arts are influential and popular. The effect is more pronounced among female, older, and local board chairs, and in firms with a CSR committee, greater board− CEO cultural proximity, lower corporate risk, and those in culturally vibrant regions. Mechanism analyses reveal that art exposure increases board chairs’ likelihood of engaging with the arts and reduces socially irresponsible behaviors. However, CSR performance in firms led by board chairs with extensive art exposure is negatively associated with firm value. These findings suggest that board chairs with rich art exposure engage in CSR primarily driven by altruistic motives rather than self-interest. Overall, the study underscores the role of artistic engagement in promoting altruism and enhancing CSR, advocating for the integration of the arts into business strategies.
Estimating the impacts of climate change: reconciling disconnects between physical climate and statistical models
Authors: Polonik Pascal , Ricke Katharine , Burney Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Climate impacts studies often rely on empirical statistical methods to isolate the effects of changing environmental factors on human outcomes of interest. However, this research may not always account for the ways in which the underlying structure of climate might influence estimates from such models. Here we show how the different characteristic spatial scales of temperature (T) and precipitation (P), as well as the physical relationship between T and P, lead to biased historical and projected impact estimates in standard statistical approaches. Furthermore, we demonstrate how contemporary statistical research designs that exploit local fluctuations may unintentionally mis-characterize the influence of shifts in mean climate on outcomes of interest. Drawing on data from published studies we demonstrate these three issues; we focus primarily on the economic growth literature, though our results also apply to other contexts. We also propose several avenues to correct and bound the magnitude of the identified biases.
Memetic semantic boosting for symbolic regression
Authors: Leite Alessandro , Schoenauer Marc
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a novel approach called semantic boosting regression (SBR), leveraging the principles of boosting algorithms in symbolic regression using a Memetic Semantic GP for Symbolic Regression (MSGP) algorithm as weak learners. Memetic computation facilitates the integration of domain knowledge into a population-based approach, and semantic-based algorithms enhance local improvements to achieve targeted outputs. The fusion of memetic and semantic approaches allows us to augment the exploration and exploitation capabilities inherent in Genetic Programming (GP) and identify concise symbolic expressions that maintain interpretability without compromising the expressive power of symbolic regression. Our approach echoes the boosting algorithm’s characteristic, where weak learners (e.g., MSGP) are sequentially improved upon, focusing on correcting previous errors and continuously enhancing overall performance. This iterative strategy, intrinsic to boosting methods, is adeptly adapted to our SBR model. Experimental results demonstrate that our memetic-semantic approach has equal or better performance when compared to state-of-the-art evolutionary-based techniques when addressing real-world symbolic regression challenges. This advancement helps tackle the bloating issue in GP and significantly improves generalization capabilities. However, akin to classic boosting algorithms, one limitation of our approach is the increased computational cost due to the sequential training of boosting learners.
Non-static axisymmetric structures embedded in an asymptotically $$\Lambda $$CDM universe
Authors: García-Reyes Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

We construct non-static adiabatic axisymmetric structures embedded in an asymptotically

$$\Lambda $$

Λ

CDM universe from given solutions of the Poisson’s equation of Newtonian gravity, using a particular form of the metric in isotropic coordinates. The approach is used in building of a razor-thin disk source made of perfect fluid for the McVittie metric, a system composite by a Plummer-type perfect fluid razor-thin disk surrounded by an halo also of perfect fluid, and a model of Miyamoto–Nagai-type anisotropic fluid thick disks, embedded in an asymptotic

$$\Lambda $$

Λ

CDM universe. In the especial case of spherical symmetry, we also present a family of models of expanding anisotropic thick spherical shells. Moreover, the geodesic motion of test particles in stable circular orbits around of the structures, the fulfilment of the energy conditions and principal stresses (pressure) are analyzed.
Use of deep geothermal energy to supply heat to a village in Scotland
Authors: Penman David , Muhammad-Sukki Firdaus , Abu-Bakar Siti Hawa , Bani Nurul Aini , Mas’ud Abdullahi Abubakar
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the possibility of utilising geothermal energy in an existing district heat network in the Aberdeenshire village of Banchory to provide hot water through the creation of a hypothetical geothermal well. It considers a simulated deep geothermal single well (DGSW), commonly referred to as a coaxial system with a depth of 5000 m. The hypothetical well was created using the dimensions of existing oil wells which, once they have reached the end of their lifecycle, hold the potential to be repurposed for geothermal use. It was found that the thermal output of the well decreases over time due to the drop in local rock temperature which is a result of thermal extraction. Given this, the thermal output after a year of operation was calculated and found that, to directly supply the Banchory heat network, a volumetric flow rate of 4.8m3/hr was required. After a year of operation, the site's peak thermal production was 108.4 kW which equates to a production of more than 949.9 MWh over the first operational year.
Comparison of electrical properties of pure and copper-doped diamond-like carbon interfacial-layered Schottky devices under different temperature conditions
Authors: Şahin Mustafa , Kaymaz Ahmet , Feizollahi Vahid Aylar , Özerden Enise , Altındal Şemsettin
Published: February 2025

In this study, some electrical parameters of the pure and copper-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) interfacial-layered Schottky devices have been investigated under different temperature conditions. Thus, it was aimed to determine the effects of copper doping on the electrical properties of the devices. Experimental results showed that although different behaviors were observed in both devices in some specific temperature regions, the series resistance values ​​in the copper-doped device gave more stable results depending on the temperature and voltage changes. On the other hand, while the surface states in the DLC interlayered device varied between 1013 and 1014 eV−1 cm−2 levels, lower values (1012–1013 eV−1 cm−2 levels) were observed in the copper-doped device. Moreover, voltage-dependent ideality factor and barrier height exhibited classical behavior as in the literature. However, the copper-doped device still exhibited more stable behaviors. As a result, it has been understood that the electrical properties of the copper-doped device give more regular/stable and higher-quality results.
Raising and head-external relatives in Atchan
Authors: Jarvis Rebecca
Published: February 2025

This paper argues that Atchan (Kwa; Côte d’Ivoire) exhibits raising and head-external relatives. I argue that the two relative clause derivations in Atchan must be separate and do not reflect the cross-linguistically common raising/matching ambiguity: in particular, the non-raising derivation is a head-external one, and Atchan lacks matching-derived relatives. Evidence for two structures comes from negative concord licensing and extraposition, while evidence for the head-external derivation comes from idiom interpretation and word-order possibilities given the complex relative-clause periphery of Atchan. The latter piece of evidence relies on a pattern of relative-clause subject displacement in Atchan, which is shown to force a raising derivation. These phenomena in Atchan serve as evidence for the relevance of the head-external derivation cross-linguistically and, in particular, show that hybrid or other matching-based accounts of relative-clause connectivity cannot be applied universally.
Remarks on Nahm sums for symmetrizable matrices
Authors: Mizuno Yuma
Published: February 2025

Nahm sums are specific q-hypergeometric series associated with symmetric positive definite matrices. In this paper we study Nahm sums associated with symmetrizable matrices. We show that one direction of Nahm’s conjecture, which was proven by Calegari, Garoufalidis, and Zagier for the symmetric case, also holds for the symmetrizable case. This asserts that the modularity of a Nahm sum implies that a certain element in a Bloch group associated with the Nahm sum is a torsion element. During the proof, we investigate the radial asymptotics of Nahm sums. Finally, we provide lists of candidates of modular Nahm sums for symmetrizable matrices based on numerical experiments.
Mechanisms of ZDDP—An Update
Authors: Spikes Hugh
Published: February 2025

This paper describes how research over the last 20 years has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of action of ZDDP, especially with respect to tribofilm formation. We now know that ZDDP tribofilm formation is promoted by applied shear stress and this explains many of the features of these films. We also now recognise that ZDDP tribofilms evolve during rubbing from relatively soft, long chain polyphosphate films to much more wear-resistant, short chain phosphates. Several disadvantages of ZDDPs as lubricant additives have emerged in recent years, in particular their tendency to increase friction in thin film rubbing conditions, their promotion of micropitting wear, and accelerated wear when present together with soot contaminants in engine oils. Research has revealed the origins of all these effects. Over the last 20 years there have been growing efforts to model ZDDP tribofilm formation, both at a macro- and molecular-scale, so far with limited success. Finally, this paper outlines some aspects of ZDDP behaviour that we still do not fully understand and where further research is needed.

Graphical Abstract
Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in patients with diabetic kidney disease: a matched cohort study
Authors: Vestersager Sofus Valentin , Skov-Jeppesen Sune Moeller , Yderstraede Knud Bonnet , Bistrup Claus , Jensen Boye L. , Lund Lars
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) is a potential novel treatment against diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The present study investigates the longer term effects of LI-ESWT on kidney function in patients with DKD.

Methods

This matched cohort study included 28 patients with DKD, who received six sessions of LI-ESWT. Patients were matched 1:5 with patients from the Funen Diabetes Database. Multivariable adjusted eGFR and ACR were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. The primary outcomes were ACR and eGFR measured at 3, 6, 12, and 18 month follow-up. Secondary analyses with patients stratified for sex, age, baseline eGFR, and baseline ACR were made for the multivariable adjusted values of eGFR and ACR.

Results

No significant difference in multivariable adjusted ACR or eGFR was found at 18 months. The intervention group showed a non-significant decrease in adjusted eGFR (1.83 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower, p = 0.15) and ACR (14%, p = 0,56). Stratified results revealed lower eGFR in patients > 60 years 3.64 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.03) and those with baseline ACR ≤ 300 mg/g (3.64 mL/min/1.73, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

LI-ESWT did not demonstrate overall statistically significant effects on eGFR and ACR at 3, 6, 12, or 18 months. However, secondary analyses suggest possible effects in certain subgroups. Clinical studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the efficacy of LI-ESWT in specific DKD patient subgroups.

Trial Registration The trial was prospectively registered July 31, 2015, at ClinicalTrials.gov with registration number NCT02515461.
Causal relationships between university students’ social media use and subjective well-being in Japan: Examination through two-wave panel survey
Authors: Ye Shaoyu , Ho Kevin K. W.
Published: February 2025

This study examined the causal relationships between university students’ social media use (e.g., LINE, Twitter (X), Instagram) and their subjective well-being (SWB) in Japan, considering the effects of gender and academic standing. Between May 2021 and May 2022, a two-wave panel survey of university students enrolled in the Kanto region of Japan was conducted. The cross-lagged effects model analysis clarified the following results: (1) Overall, the amount of time spent using LINE decreased the participants’ SWB, which was significant among first-year students. (2) Female students’ amount of time spent using Instagram tended to improve their SWB. (3) SWB had a negative effect on posting frequency on Twitter overall and among male students. (4) Lower SWB led third-year students to use Twitter longer. Data were collected during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and further analyses were conducted to clarify whether this affected the results. SWB had marginally negative effects on anxiety toward COVID-19 among male Instagram users and female Twitter users. In contrast, anxiety toward COVID-19 had a marginally weak negative effect on SWB among third-year students who used Twitter. These findings suggest that the relationship with SWB may differ according to the type of social media used. These relationships are not limited to specific periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, improving the SWB of the younger generations could help prevent excessive Twitter usage. Future education on social media use should consider how social media types affect different causal relationships with SWB among young adults, including the effects of gender and academic standing.
Nun aber wirklich mehr Einfluss auf die Weltpolitik: BRICS+ im Zeitalter der Polykrise
Authors: Brosig Malte
Published: February 2025

Der Ansatz der Polykrise wird häufig mit einem Verfall multilateraler Ordnung assoziiert und die BRICS+ als Herausforderer der liberalen Weltordnung gesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann die BRICS+-Gruppe als Beschleuniger einer vielgliedrigen Weltordnung angesehen werden, die sowohl herausfordernde als auch ergänzende Elemente zur bestehenden Ordnung enthält. Der Beitrag beleuchtet den Einfluss der BRICS+-Gruppe auf die Weltordnung am Beispiel des Krieges gegen die Ukraine, der Teil der Polykrise ist.
Defining the form of the Earth with the help of pendulums in 1765–1815
Authors: Nyblom Jukka
Published: February 2025

The article treats the first 50 years’ history of the use of the seconds pendulum for defining the form of the earth. It starts at the late 18th century and continues to the early 19th century. Section 2 derives the relationship between gravity at a given latitude and the length of the simple pendulum at the same latitude. Then Sect. 3 deals with the relationship between the gravitational flattening and the geometrical flattening known as Clairaut’s formula. Sects. 4–6 report the historical data analyses made by Lambert, Laplace and Hällström. The Appendix explains the statistical methods applied to pendulum data and provides the list of data sources.
Cell-level deep learning as proxy model for reservoir simulation and production forecasting
Authors: Magalhães Rafael M. , Machado Thiago J. , Santos Moisés D. , Oliveira Gustavo P.
Published: February 2025

Optimizing strategies in the Oil and Gas Industry, particularly within reservoir engineering and management, remains a significant challenge due to the prohibitive computational time costs and high resource demands of current simulation methods, even for medium-sized reservoirs. Notably, existing scientific approaches have not leveraged Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for fine-grained predictions at the grid-cell level. This thesis introduces a novel approach that integrates DNNs with a Design of Experiments framework to develop a proxy model for reservoir simulation software. The methodology includes a robust feature selection process, model design, and training strategy, supplemented by comprehensive statistical evaluations and graphical tools. The proposed proxy models are validated using four distinct industrial scenarios based on the SPE9 black oil benchmark, incorporating production and injection wells across diverse temporal samples. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in computational efficiency without compromising accuracy, achieving over 80% accuracy across all scenarios, and reaching up to 99.9% under specific conditions. These findings highlight the potential of DNN-based proxy models to transform reservoir management practices, offering a scalable and resource-efficient alternative to traditional numerical simulations.
Beyond the city limits: perceptions of pre-service teachers undertaking professional experience in regional, rural and remote schools
Authors: Harris Marnie , Rhodes David , Gray Christina , Vernon Lynette
Published: February 2025

Australia’s regional, rural and remote (RRR) areas face persistent teacher shortages, presenting ongoing challenges for schools and education systems. Pre-service and newly graduated teachers represent a potential resource for addressing these shortages, yet many complete their initial teacher training without exposure to RRR schools. Framed by Bronfenbrenner and Morris’s Bioecological Theory of Human Development, this qualitative study explores the current perspectives of pre-service teachers (PSTs) who have undertaken professional experiences in RRR areas. Findings show PSTs’ experience success when they encounter positive multifaceted support, particularly from their mentor teacher and financial assistance. Furthermore, experiences are enhanced when PSTs utilise prior knowledge and preparation, exhibit personal attributes advantageous for undertaking such experience and explore the positive nuances of RRR living. Conversely, the study findings identify areas requiring improvement, including enhanced mentorship, increased financial support, time constraints, and strategies to overcome negative perceptions of RRR areas. Through qualitative analysis, this research amplifies the voices of PSTs, garnering a comprehensive understanding of their experiences in RRR areas. Based on these insights, the study offers recommendations to overcome existing barriers to PST engagement in RRR schools.
Should we stop talking about “democracy”? Conceptual abandonment and the perils of political discourse
Authors: Koch Steffen
Published: February 2025

In his recent book, The Concept of Democracy: An Essay on Conceptual Amelioration and Abandonment (OUP, 2023) Herman Cappelen argues that we should abandon the concept of democracy, and hence stop using the words “democracy” and “democratic.” In the course of developing his arguments for this surprising claim, Cappelen also offers a more general theory of what kind of reasons count in favor of abandoning a concept. In this paper, which is part of a book symposium on Cappelen’s book, I review and criticize both his theory of abandonment and his case for abandoning the concept of democracy. I argue that Cappelen’s abandonment theory is inconclusive and that his case for abandoning the concept of democracy is unconvincing.
Infrared radiation characteristics of an aero-engine binary plug nozzle with various slot cooling configurations
Authors: Song Y. , Yang Q. , Shi Y. , Xiang H. , Chen L.
Published: February 2025

For binary plug nozzle, the plug cone is exposed to high-temperature mainstream flow, making it one of the nozzle’s high-temperature components. This paper uses the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and the reverse Monte Carlo method to numerically investigate the aerodynamic and infrared radiation characteristics of the plug nozzle. Various slot cooling configurations were adopted to study the nozzle’s infrared radiation in detail. Results indicate that compared to the baseline nozzle, the plug nozzle’s performance is slightly reduced due to the decrease in effective area of flow over the plug cone. Introducing slot cooling at the rear edge provides significant infrared suppression benefits at low detection angles and notably reduces infrared radiation discrepancy with baseline nozzle at high detection angles. The cooling air from slots causes the nozzle jet to exhibit a ‘thermal layered’ feature. With the same total coolant mass flow, the ‘leading edge + trailing edge’ cooling configuration can lower the area-averaged wall temperature of the plug cone by 5.5% – 12.3%. However, its infrared radiation intensity at each detection angle on the pitch detection plane is higher than that of the ‘trailing edge’ configuration. The significance of leading-edge cooling is focused more on thermal protection for the plug. Thus, it is essential to balance coolant mass flow distribution between infrared radiation suppression and thermal protection.
China’s Outward Investment in Europe during the “Go Out” Policy Years: Trends, Drivers, and Strategies in the Automotive Industry, 2000–2018
Authors: Jia-Zheng Yuan , Binda Veronica
Published: February 2025

This article examines China’s outward investment in the European automotive industry since the late twentieth century. By mapping and analyzing the main investment operations, we argue that private companies played a key role in the internationalization of the Chinese automotive sector. Chinese state-owned enterprises took part, especially in the initial stages of international expansion. Our contribution also analyzes the pattern of internationalization followed by Chinese companies, arguing that it differed from the one followed by well-established automotive firms in advanced economies during previous decades. The findings reveal that achieving the most advanced technology was the key driver of outward investment decisions. However, Chinese investors’ strategy was not uniform; it was flexible and varied significantly depending on the European country and the size of the company targeted. Furthermore, Chinese government industrial policies greatly influenced the international strategies of both state-owned and private companies, particularly the “Go Out” policy.
Northern range extension of the fortune jack Seriola peruana (Actinopterygii: Carangidae), with comments on its distribution in the Gulf of California
Authors: Romo-Curiel A. E. , Rubio-Rodríguez U. , Ramírez-Mendoza Z. , González-Acosta A. F.
Published: February 2025

The fortune jack (Seriola peruana), a pelagic fish typically found along the Tropical Eastern Pacific, has been recorded in the northernmost Gulf of California (GC) region. The first record in the Upper Gulf and habitat expansion of S. peruana is reported based on the meristic, morphometric, and biological data of three specimens caught by local artisanal fishermen in April 2024. The lack of commercial value likely explains the region's absence of records for this species. The increased presence of S. peruana distribution in the Upper GC could have significant ecological implications, which warrants further fish habitat use and climate change research.
The association between cannabis and depression: an updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Churchill Victoria , Chubb Caroline Sutton , Popova Lucy , Spears Claire A. , Pigott Terri
Published: February 2025

Background

Cannabis is one of the most commonly used drugs globally, although its legal status varies across regions. Public support for its decriminalization has increased, but gaps in our understanding of the health consequences of cannabis use remain, particularly related to its impact on mental health. This article provides an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (previous being Lev-Ran et al., 2014) looking at the relationship between cannabis and depression.

Methods

Literature available before March 2023 was screened for longitudinal studies that included cannabis use and depression. Cross-sectional studies and those only looking at special populations were excluded. Studies must have also controlled for depression at baseline to allow for investigation of a temporal relationship. Extracted data included cannabis measures, depression outcomes, adjusted odds ratios, and study settings. Meta-analysis employed a random effects model with multilevel meta-regression for effect size moderators.

Results

The search yielded 1,599 titles from various databases, resulting in 22 studies for meta-analysis, including 14 from Lev-Ran et al. Eleven studies were US-based, with participants mostly under 18. Meta-analysis showed a higher risk of depression among cannabis users (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46). Risk of bias assessment showed medium risk across studies with exposure measurement being a key bias area. The funnel plot and Egger’s Sandwich test did not suggest publication bias.

Conclusions

This study underscores the association between cannabis use and depression but also emphasizes the need for further research, especially in understanding usage patterns, heavy use definitions, and long-term effects on depression risk amidst changing cannabis trends.