bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher Education Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Dementia after a Stroke or TIA. The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Mirza Saira Saeed , Portegies Marileen L.P. , Wolters Frank J. , Hofman Albert , Koudstaal Peter J. , Tiemeier Henning , Ikram M. Arfan
Published: January 2016

Background: Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia, possibly because of a higher tolerance to subclinical neurodegenerative pathology. Whether higher education also protects against dementia after clinical stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains unknown. Methods: Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, 12,561 participants free of stroke, TIA and dementia were followed for occurrence of stroke, TIA and dementia. Across the levels of education, associations of incident stroke or TIA with subsequent development of dementia and differences in cognitive decline following stroke or TIA were investigated. Results: During 124,862 person-years, 1,463 persons suffered a stroke or TIA, 1,158 persons developed dementia, of whom 186 developed dementia after stroke or TIA. Risk of dementia after a stroke or TIA, compared to no stroke or TIA, was highest in the low education category (hazards ratio [HR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.18-1.81) followed by intermediate education category (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.81). No significant association was observed in the high education category (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.25-1.54). In gender stratified analyses, decrease in risk of dementia with increasing education was significant only in men. Conclusion: Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia after stroke or TIA, particularly in men, which might be explained by a higher cognitive reserve.
Renal Arterial Pseudoaneurysm and Renal Arteriovenous Fistula Following Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Chen Jinchao , Yang Min , Wu Pengjie , Li Teng , Ning Xianghui , Peng Shuanghe , Wang Jiangyi , Qi Nienie , Gong Kan
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Renal arterial pseudoaneurysm (RAP) and renal arteriovenous fistula (RAVF) are rare but can cause fatal bleeding. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) in our department. The clinical features and treatment methods were analysed, and the relationships between RAP/RAVF and the surgical methods and R.E.N.A.L. score were investigated. Results: Eleven patients were diagnosed with RAP/RAVF (9 with RAP and 2 with RAVF). The incidence of RAP/RAVF after laparoscopic PN showed no significant difference compared to that after open PN (p = 0.47). A low R.E.N.A.L. score was present in 6 patients, while an intermediate/high score was present in the other 5 patients. The major clinical manifestations included haematuria and haemorrhagic shock, and the median time of occurrence was 8 days after the operation. Six patients underwent an ultrasound examination. Of the 4 patients who underwent enhanced CT, 2 patients were diagnosed with RAP. All 11 patients were diagnosed by renal angiography and were cured after super-selective arterial embolization. The serum creatinine levels before and after embolization showed no significant differences (p = 0.14). Conclusions: RAP/RAVF may not have any relationship with the surgical procedure or R.E.N.A.L. score. Renal angiography and super-selective arterial embolization are the preferred methods for diagnosing and treating RAP/RAVF.
Treatment with Clopidogrel Prior to Acute Non-Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke Attenuates Stroke Severity
Authors: Tziomalos Konstantinos , Giampatzis Vasilios , Bouziana Stella D. , Spanou Marianna , Kostaki Stavroula , Papadopoulou Maria , Angelopoulou Stella-Maria , Tsopozidi Maria , Savopoulos Christos , Hatzitolios Apostolos I.
Published: January 2016

Background: Clopidogrel reduces the risk of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke, but it is unclear whether it affects the severity and outcome of stroke. We aimed at evaluating the effect of prior treatment with clopidogrel on acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke severity and in-hospital outcome. Methods: We prospectively studied 608 consecutive patients (39.5% males, age 79.1 ± 6.6 years) who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke. The severity of stroke was assessed at admission with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Severe stroke was defined as NIHSS ≥21. The outcome was assessed using the dependency rates that prevailed at the time of discharge (i.e. modified Rankin scale between 2 and 5) and with in-hospital mortality. Results: At admission, 397 patients did not have atrial fibrillation or heart valve disease. Among these 397 patients, 69 were receiving monotherapy with clopidogrel prior to stroke, 69 were receiving monotherapy with aspirin and 236 patients were not on any antiplatelet treatment. The prevalence of severe stroke was lower in patients who were receiving clopidogrel than in patients who were receiving aspirin and patients who were not on antiplatelets (1.4, 13.0 and 11.0%, respectively; p < 0.05). Independent predictors of severe stroke at admission were male gender (relative risk (RR) 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.78, p < 0.05) and treatment with clopidogrel prior to stroke compared with no antiplatelet treatment (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.97, p < 0.05). Treatment with aspirin prior to stroke did not predict severe stroke compared with no antiplatelet treatment (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.51-2.98, p = NS). The rate of dependency at discharge did not differ between patients who were receiving clopidogrel, patients who were receiving aspirin and those who were not on antiplatelets (57.9, 47.8 and 59.7%, respectively; p = NS). Independent predictors of dependency at discharge were age (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.19, p < 0.001) and NIHSS at admission (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.46-1.92, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality rate also did not differ between patients who were receiving clopidogrel, patients who were receiving aspirin and those who were not on antiplatelets (4.3, 4.3 and 5.0%, respectively; p = NS). The only independent predictor of in-hospital mortality was NIHSS at admission (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.30, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Treatment with clopidogrel prior to acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke attenuates the severity of stroke at admission but does not appear to affect the functional outcome at discharge or the in-hospital mortality of these patients.
State-of-the-Art Treatment and Novel Agents in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Cramer Paula , Hallek Michael , Eichhorst Barbara
Published: January 2016

Chemoimmunotherapy is the established first-line treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who do not display the high-risk genetic features del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation: Physically fit patients without or with only mild comorbidities should receive fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab, while bendamustine and rituximab can be considered in fit elderly patients of over 65 years and in patients with a higher risk of infections. Patients with relevant coexisting conditions should receive chlorambucil with a CD20 antibody, preferably obinutuzumab. Patients with a del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation respond poorly to conventional chemo(immuno)therapies. However, the recently approved BTK and PI3K inhibitors ibrutinib and idelalisib have the best efficacy ever documented in patients with these high-risk genomic alterations and/or refractory CLL. The choice between ibrutinib and idelalisib should be based on the patients' comorbidities and concomitant medications since both agents have a distinct toxicity profile, although they are generally well tolerated in the majority of patients. For treatment of patients with a late relapse, chemoimmunotherapy instead of kinase inhibitors is still a reasonable approach, but has to be determined for every patient individually. Further targeted drugs and their combinations are currently being evaluated in clinical trials and have the potential to eradicate all residual CLL cells and thus lead to a cure of CLL.
Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban therapy in daily-care patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hecker Judith , Marten Sandra , Keller Loretta , Helmert Sindy , Michalski Franziska , Werth Sebastian , Sahin Kurtulus , Tittl Luise , Beyer-Westendorf Jan
Published: January 2016

The effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (SPAF) demonstrated in ROCKET AF needs to be confirmed in daily care. To evaluate effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban therapy in SPAF patients in daily care, we used data from an ongoing, prospective, non-interventional registry of more than 2700 patients on novel oral anticoagulants in daily care. Between October 1, 2011 and February 28, 2013, a total of 1204 SPAF patients receiving rivaroxaban were enrolled. During a mean follow-up of 796.2 ± 207.3 days, the combined endpoint of stroke/transient ischaemic attack/systemic embolism occurred at a rate of 2.03/100 patient-years in the intention-totreat analysis (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.5–2.7) and at 1.7/100 patient-years in the on-treatment analysis (events within 3 days after last intake). On-treatment rates were higher in patients selected for 15 mg rivaroxaban (n=384) once daily [OD] compared with the 820 patients selected for 20 mg OD (2.7 [95 % CI 1.6–4.2] vs 1.25/100 patient-years [95 % CI 0.8–1.9]). On treatment, major bleeding occurred at a rate of 3.0/100 patient-years and significantly more often in patients receiving the 15 mg OD dose compared with the 20 mg OD dose (4.5 vs 2.4/100 patient-years). Rivaroxaban treatment discontinuation occurred in a total of 277 patients during follow-up (12.0/100 patientyears in Kaplan-Meier analysis). Our data contribute to the confirmation of effectiveness and relative safety of rivaroxaban in daily-care patients. Furthermore, rivaroxaban discontinuation rates were considerably lower than those reported for vitamin K antagonists.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
A rede social de indivíduos pós-tentativa de suicídio: o ecomapa como recurso
Authors: Machado Fernanda Pâmela , Soares Marcos Hirata , Mastine Juliana Stuqui
Published: January 2016

O objetivo foi caracterizar, por meio do ecomapa, a rede de apoio social de pessoas que tentaram suicídio. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo observação participante entre 2011 e 2012, em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil, com pacientes que tentaram suicídio por produtos químicos. Nesse período, foram entrevistados 6 sujeitos que tentaram suicídio. Para apresentar os dados, criaram-se dois quadros e um ecomapa para cada sujeito. A partir dos dados, criaram-se duas categorias: história de vida e apoio social no cotidiano dos sujeitos. Observou-se que os pacientes tentaram suicídio para solucionar seus problemas e o ecomapa apresentou-se como recurso útil para caracterizar sua rede de apoio social, a qual se apresentou fragilizada, possibilitando estratégias de prevenção de novas tentativas.
Mechanical Forces Reshape Differentiation Cues That Guide Cardiomyogenesis
Authors: Happe Cassandra L. , Engler Adam J.
Published: January 2016

Soluble morphogen gradients have long been studied in the context of heart specification and patterning. However, recent data have begun to challenge the notion that long-standing in vivo observations are driven solely by these gradients alone. Evidence from multiple biological models, from stem cells to ex vivo biophysical assays, now supports a role for mechanical forces in not only modulating cell behavior but also inducing it de novo in a process termed mechanotransduction. Structural proteins that connect the cell to its niche, for example, integrins and cadherins, and that couple to other growth factor receptors, either directly or indirectly, seem to mediate these changes, although specific mechanistic details are still being elucidated. In this review, we summarize how the wingless (Wnt), transforming growth factor-β, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways affect cardiomyogenesis and then highlight the interplay between each pathway and mechanical forces. In addition, we will outline the role of integrins and cadherins during cardiac development. For each, we will describe how the interplay could change multiple processes during cardiomyogenesis, including the specification of undifferentiated cells, the establishment of heart patterns to accomplish tube and chamber formation, or the maturation of myocytes in the fully formed heart.
Commented checklist of marine fishes from the Galicia Bank seamount (NW Spain)
Authors: BAÑON RAFAEL , ARRONTE JUAN CARLOS , RODRIGUEZ-CABELLO CRISTINA , PIÑEIRO CARMEN-GLORIA , PUNZON ANTONIO , SERRANO ALBERTO
Published: January 2016

A commented checklist containing 139 species of marine fishes recorded at the Galician Bank seamount is presented. The list is based on nine prospecting and research surveys carried out from 1980 to 2011 with different fishing gears. The ichthyofauna list is diversified in 2 superclasses, 3 classes, 20 orders, 62 families and 113 genera. The largest family is Macrouridae, with 9 species, followed by Moridae, Stomiidae and Sternoptychidae with 7 species each. The trachichthyd Hoplostethus mediterraneus and the morid Lepidion lepidion were the most abundant species. Biogeographically, the Atlantic group, with 113 species (81.3%) is the best represented, followed by the Lusitanian one with 17 species (12.2%). Data on species abundance, as number of individuals caught, size and depth are reported. Habitat, distribution and vulnerability status are commented. Moreover, biometric data and meristic counts are also reported for several species. The results obtained showing a high fish biodiversity and a sensible number of threatened species, strongly support the future declaration of the Galicia Bank as a Marine Protected Area.
A hidden pygmy devil from the Philippines: Arulenus miae sp. nov.—a new species serendipitously discovered in an amateur Facebook post
(Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae)
Authors: SKEJO JOSIP , CABALLERO JOY HONEZZA S.
Published: January 2016

Arulenus miae Skejo & Caballero sp. nov. is described from Buknidon and Davao, Mindanao, the Philippines. The species was serendipitously found in an amateur photo posted in Orthoptera Facebook group by Leif Gabrielsen. Holotype and paratype are deposited in Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit in Leiden, the Netherlands. Detailed comparison with Arulenus validispinus Stål, 1877 is given. A new diagnosis of the genus and A. validispinus is given. The paper is part of the revision of the subfamily Discotettiginae. This study provides a good example of how social networks can be used as a modern tool of discovering biodiversity if the regulations of the International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature are followed. A brief insight into habitat and ecology of this rainforest and mountainous species is presented.
Evaluation of Monthly Satellite-Derived Precipitation Products over East Africa
Authors: Cattani E. , Merino A. , Levizzani V.
Published: January 2016

East Africa experienced in the 2001–11 time period some of the worst drought events to date, culminating in the high-impact drought of 2010/11. Long-term monitoring of precipitation is thus essential, and satellite-based precipitation products can help in coping with the relatively sparse rain gauge ground networks of this area of the world. However, the complex topography and the marked geographic variability of precipitation in the region make precipitation retrieval from satellites problematic and product validation and intercomparison necessary. Six state-of-the-art monthly satellite precipitation products over East Africa during the 2001–09 time frame are evaluated. Eight areas (clusters) are identified by investigating the precipitation seasonality through the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) climatological gauge data. Seasonality was fully reproduced by satellite data in each of the GPCC-identified clusters. Not surprisingly, complex terrain (mountain regions in particular) represents a challenge for satellite precipitation estimates, as demonstrated by the standard deviations of the six-product ensemble. A further confirmation comes from the comparison between satellite estimates and rain gauge measurements as a function of terrain elevation. The 3B42 product performs best, although the satellite–gauge comparative analysis was not completely independent since a few of the products include a rain gauge bias correction.
Development and Evaluation of High-Resolution Climate Simulations over the Mountainous Northeastern United States
Authors: Winter Jonathan M. , Beckage Brian , Bucini Gabriela , Horton Radley M. , Clemins Patrick J.
Published: January 2016

The mountain regions of the northeastern United States are a critical socioeconomic resource for Vermont, New York State, New Hampshire, Maine, and southern Quebec. While global climate models (GCMs) are important tools for climate change risk assessment at regional scales, even the increased spatial resolution of statistically downscaled GCMs (commonly ~⅛°) is not sufficient for hydrologic, ecologic, and land-use modeling of small watersheds within the mountainous Northeast. To address this limitation, an ensemble of topographically downscaled, high-resolution (30″), daily 2-m maximum air temperature; 2-m minimum air temperature; and precipitation simulations are developed for the mountainous Northeast by applying an additional level of downscaling to intermediately downscaled (⅛°) data using high-resolution topography and station observations. First, observed relationships between 2-m air temperature and elevation and between precipitation and elevation are derived. Then, these relationships are combined with spatial interpolation to enhance the resolution of intermediately downscaled GCM simulations. The resulting topographically downscaled dataset is analyzed for its ability to reproduce station observations. Topographic downscaling adds value to intermediately downscaled maximum and minimum 2-m air temperature at high-elevation stations, as well as moderately improves domain-averaged maximum and minimum 2-m air temperature. Topographic downscaling also improves mean precipitation but not daily probability distributions of precipitation. Overall, the utility of topographic downscaling is dependent on the initial bias of the intermediately downscaled product and the magnitude of the elevation adjustment. As the initial bias or elevation adjustment increases, more value is added to the topographically downscaled product.
Neoliberalism and sustainable urban water sectors: A critical reflection of sector characteristics and empirical evidence
Authors: Lieberherr Eva , Fuenfschilling Lea
Published: January 2016

Urban water sectors in industrialised countries are increasingly facing a diverse range of challenges. Aging assets, environmental concerns and economic issues put pressure on the current governance and organisation of these sectors. In recent years, a plethora of neoliberal reforms have been initiated in various countries as efforts to counteract these developments. While rather successful in infrastructure sectors, such as energy or telecommunication, neoliberal reforms have proven difficult in many industrialised, urban water sectors. The article argues that this is related to distinct characteristics of the water sectors. Specificities include large-scale technologies, high externalities and the nature of the good. This article analyses these key characteristics of urban water sectors and shows their implications and challenges for neoliberal reforms by drawing on the privatisation of the English water sectors. The results show key trade-offs between economic and environmental issues, and less with social goals.
Characterization of a Cardiorenal-like Syndrome in Aged Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Chilton J. , Wilcox A. , Lammey M. , Meyer D.
Published: January 2016

Cardiorenal syndrome involves disease and dysfunction of the heart that leads to progressive renal dysfunction. This study investigated the relationship between cardiac and renal disease in 91 aged chimpanzees at the Alamogordo Primate Facility by evaluation of the medical histories, metabolic parameters, functional measurements of the cardiovascular system, clinical pathology, and histopathology focused on the heart and kidney. Cardiac fibrosis was the most frequent microscopic finding in 82 of 91 animals (90%), followed by glomerulosclerosis with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 63 of 91 (69%). Cardiac fibrosis with attendant glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was observed in 58 of 91 animals (63%); there was a statistically significant association between the 2 conditions. As the severity of cardiac fibrosis increased, there was corresponding increase in severity of glomerulosclerosis with tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Altered metabolic, cardiovascular, and clinical pathology parameters indicative of heart and kidney failure were commonly associated with the moderate to severe microscopic changes, and concurrent heart and kidney failure were considered the cause of death. The constellation of findings in the chimpanzees were similar to cardiorenal syndrome in humans.
Workforce Diversity and Job Satisfaction of the Majority and the Minority
Authors: Choi Sungjoo
Published: January 2016

The structural approaches of workforce diversity note that the racial composition of work groups may affect work attitudes of racial/ethnic minority and White employees in different ways. Analyzing the data from the federal workforce, this study examines how the racial mixture of the agency affects job satisfaction of racial/ethnic minority and White employees. To do so, three models for all employees, Whites, and racial/ethnic minorities were tested using ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions with agency-fixed effects. The results suggest that holding a minority status in their agency may bring lower job satisfaction to both racial/ethnic minority and White employees. Racial/ethnic minorities reported the lowest job satisfaction in predominantly White settings, while Whites expressed the lowest job satisfaction in minority–majority settings. In contrast, racial/ethnic minorities reported the highest job satisfaction when they hold a majority status in their agency (minority–majority settings). Interestingly, Whites seem to be most satisfied in White-majorities settings, which are less homogeneous than predominantly White settings. The finding for all employees showed that federal employees stated higher satisfaction in White-majorities settings than in others.
A high-dimensional design optimisation method for centrifugal impellers
Authors: Ju Yaping , Qin Ruihong , Kipouros Timoleon , Parks Geoff , Zhang Chuhua
Published: January 2016

The metamodel-based design optimisation (MBDO) method has been gaining increasing popularity in the field of turbomachinery design. Nevertheless, the ‘curse of dimensionality’ remains a formidable obstacle for the application of MBDO in high-dimensional design problems, which, in the context of turbomachinery design, are problems with at least 10 design variables, if expensive simulations such as computational fluid dynamics are required. To address this issue, the present study proposes to utilise a novel high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) method to support the process of MBDO and applies it to the design optimisation of a centrifugal impeller. A total of 15 geometrical design variables and three performance objectives are considered in the optimisation. In particular, the HDMR method is assisted by support vector regression (SVR) metamodels to explicitly represent the relationships between design variables and performance objectives. Apart from high metamodelling accuracy and efficiency, the SVR-HDMR metamodelling technique enables designers to refine design space as well as to identify correlations between design variables during the metamodelling process. Analysis of the final optimisation results show that a reduced hub-line curvature, a negative rake angle, a positive splitter blade lean angle and an increased splitter blade inlet angle are beneficial for enhancing efficiency of this impeller. This work provides valuable references for further high-dimensional design optimisation of turbomachine components.
Childhood Sexual Abuse in Adolescents Adjudicated for Sexual Offenses: Mental Health Consequences and Sexual Offending Behaviors
Authors: Morais Hugo B. , Alexander Apryl A. , Fix Rebecca L. , Burkhart Barry R.
Published: January 2016

Most studies on the mental health consequences of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) focus predominantly on CSA survivors who do not commit sexual offenses. The current study examined the effects of CSA on 498 male adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses who represent the small portion of CSA survivors who engage in sexual offenses. The prevalence of internalizing symptoms, parental attachment difficulties, specific sexual offending behaviors, and risk for sexually offending were compared among participants with and without a history of CSA. Results indicated that participants with a history of CSA were more likely to be diagnosed with major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder than those who did not report a history of CSA. A history of CSA was also positively correlated with risk for sexually offending and with specific offense patterns and consensual sexual behaviors. No significant differences emerged on parental attachment difficulties. These results highlight that adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses with a history of CSA present with differences in sexual and psychological functioning as well as markedly different offending patterns when compared with those without a CSA history. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
“How do I do Discourse Analysis?” Teaching Discourse Analysis to novice researchers through a study of intimate partner gender violence among migrant women
Authors: Carbó Pilar Albertín , Andrea Vázquez Ahumada M , Caballero Antonia Dorado , Lezama Argüelles Gustavo Adolfo
Published: January 2016

This article will examine how Discourse Analysis can be taught and used. Specifically, it will first explore how to introduce the basic theoretical and epistemological principles of Discourse Analysis and how these dimensions must be taken into account when students start doing Discourse Analysis. Next, the article will illustrate the basic steps of Discourse Analysis through a research project. We focus our attention on the process of teaching and learning Discourse Analysis using a study of intimate gender violence among migrant women conducted between 2011 and 2014 in Catalonia, Spain1. The migrant women, professionals from psychosocial services and from the judiciary provided the study texts. While there are different approaches to Discourse Analysis, there are also common elements that function as a guide to its use. The results presented are framed within Ibáñez and Iñiguez’s (1997) sociodiscursive and critical psychology and show that it is necessary to follow a series of steps that orient Discourse Analysis ranging from topic identification on the informants’ narratives, to the variations, positions, and rhetoric of the statements, all assuming that language is functional and is constituted as social action.
Multi-branch hidden Markov models for remaining useful life estimation of systems under multiple deterioration modes
Authors: Le Thanh Trung , Chatelain Florent , Bérenguer Christophe
Published: January 2016

Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation plays an important role in implementing a condition-based maintenance (CBM) program, since it could provide sufficient time for maintenance crew to act before an actual system failure. This prognostic task becomes harder when several deterioration mechanisms co-exist within the same system due to the variability and dynamics of its operating environment, since the RUL obviously depends on the mode that the system is following. In this paper, we propose a multi-branch modeling framework to deal with such problems. The proposed model consists of several branches in which each one represents a deterioration mode and is considered as a hidden Markov model. The system’s conditions are modeled by several discrete meaningful states, such as “good”, “minor defect”, “maintenance required” and “failure”, which would be easy to interpret for maintenance personnel. Furthermore, these states are considered to be “hidden” and can only be revealed through observations. These observations are the condition monitoring information in the CBM context. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated through numerical studies. The results show that the multi-branch model can outperform the standard one-branch HMM model in RUL estimation, especially when the “distance” between the deterioration modes is considerable.
Being Wheeled or Walking
Authors: Annemans Margo , Audenhove Chantal Van , Vermolen Hilde , Heylighen Ann
Published: January 2016

Objective:

In this article, we explore what a different way of moving—being wheeled versus walking—means for the spatial experience of day surgery patients.

Background:

Day surgery centers can be conceived in very different manners. Some are organized similar to traditional hospital admittance; others are located in a specifically designed part of the hospital and receive patients as guests who walk through the entire procedure.

Methods:

We conducted semistructured interviews with 37 patients at two distinct day surgery centers.

Results:

Despite the different managerial concepts and corresponding spatial designs, in both centers, patients’ spatial experience is shaped by the interrelation of material, social, and time-related aspects. However, the chosen concept results in a different experience throughout patients’ journey.

Conclusions:

Based on an analysis of the different journeys, we conclude that patients’ interpretation of a hospital’s care vision is influenced not only by what the hospital communicates explicitly or how it educates its staff but also by what is implicitly told by the built environment.
Evaluation of ethnic disparities in detection of depression and anxiety in primary care during the maternal period: Combined analysis of routine and cohort data
Authors: Prady Stephanie L. , Pickett Kate E. , Petherick Emily S. , Gilbody Simon , Croudace Tim , Mason Dan , Sheldon Trevor A. , Wright John
Published: January 2016

Background

There are limited data on detection disparities of common mental disorders in minority ethnic women.

Aims

Describe the natural history of common mental disorders in primary care in the maternal period, characterise women with, and explore ethnic disparities in, detected and potentially missed common mental disorders.

Method

Secondary analyses of linked birth cohort and primary care data involving 8991 (39.4% White British) women in Bradford. Common mental disorders were characterised through indications in the electronic medical record. Potentially missed common mental disorders were defined as an elevated General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) score during pregnancy with no corresponding common mental disorder markers in the medical record.

Results

Estimated prevalence of pre-birth common mental disorders was 9.5%, rising to 14.0% 3 years postnatally. Up to half of cases were potentially missed. Compared with White British women, minority ethnic women were twice as likely to have potentially missed common mental disorders and half as likely to have a marker of screening for common mental disorders.

Conclusions

Common mental disorder detection disparities exist for minority ethnic women in the maternal period.
Lung Cancer Survival Among Chinese Americans, 2000 to 2010
Authors: Gomez Scarlett Lin , Yang Juan , Lin Shih-Wen , McCusker Margaret , Sandler Alan , Patel Manali , Cheng Iona , Wakelee Heather A. , Clarke Christina A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Despite being the leading cause of cancer death, no prior studies have characterized survival patterns among Chinese Americans diagnosed with lung cancer. This study was conducted to identify factors associated with survival after lung cancer in a contemporary cohort of Chinese patients with lung cancer.

Methods

The study design is a prospective descriptive analysis of population-based California Cancer Registry data. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for overall mortality. Participants were Chinese American residents diagnosed with first primary invasive lung cancer from 2000 to 2010 (2,216 men and 1,616 women).

Results

Among Chinese men, decreased mortality was associated with care at a National Cancer Institute cancer center (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.99) and adenocarcinoma versus small-cell carcinoma (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.92). Women had better survival compared with men (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89), with mortality associated with never married versus currently married status (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.66), lower versus higher neighborhood socioeconomic status (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.72 comparing lowest to highest quintile), care at a cancer center (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.96), and squamous cell relative to small-cell carcinoma (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.48).

Conclusion

Focusing on factors associated with marital status, community socioeconomic status, and characteristics unique to National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers may help to identify potential strategies for improving the length of survival for Chinese Americans.
Industrial and Urban Sources in Campania, Italy: The Air Pollution Emission Inventory
Authors: Iodice Paolo , Senatore Adolfo
Published: January 2016

Atmospheric emission inventories are a primary and essential cognitive element for the air quality management and are becoming more and more necessary to set up remediation programs in areas characterized by pollution problems. In order to estimate for the Region Campania (Italy) the total emissions of the main air pollutants (CO, VOC, NOx and PM10), in this study a bottom-up methodology was employed, focusing at regional level instead of national and then including local and specific parameters. The amounts of pollutants emitted from various sources in this region were obtained through direct and continuous measures for the principal industrial systems, while for diffused sources the emissions were estimated on the basis of opportune activity indicators and fixed emission factors concerning specific emissive activities. Emissions from road transport sector, that in Europe are almost always an important fraction of the total emissions and are also the most difficult to calculate depending on many variables, were estimated with a procedure that implements the COPERT methodology. Analysis of research results has identified local critical factors in Region Campania.
Barriers to Renewable Energy Development: Five Fuel Policy in Malaysia
Authors: Kardooni Roozbeh , Yusoff Sumiani Binti , Kari Fatimah Binti
Published: January 2016

Since the year 2000 in Malaysia, national government has identified appropriate implementation strategies for the development and utilisation of renewable energy sources. A target of obtaining 5% of the total energy supply from renewable sources was set, although it has not yet been reached. A lot of studies were carried out about potential technological, economic, social, or politics barriers to renewable energy development in Malaysia. Although important, there is a necessity for multi aspect investigation of these barriers. By applying a theoretical framework, this paper seeks to examine expert perceptions and understanding of the barriers to renewable energy development in Malaysia. This study shows that barriers to renewable energy cannot be explained only by one factor in separation. The results of this study indicate that, the intention to use renewable energy is influenced by the cost of renewable energy technology. From the analysis of the opinions of the respondents, it can be said that best way to overcome these barriers is that the government should play a powerful leadership.
Job and Life Satisfaction: The Perspective of Collegiate Head Coaches
Authors: Bopp Trevor , Wigley Brian J. , Eddosary Melfy
Published: January 2016

Research regarding the relationship between job and life satisfaction has drawn opposing conclusions, with some suggesting one's satisfaction with work is significantly and positively related to one's attitude of life, while others claim the relationship between the two is at best weak. The purpose of this research was to further expand on the relationship between job and life satisfaction among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) head coaches. To this end, data from 348 head coaches across all three NCAA Divisions were analyzed. Results imply that life satisfaction and job satisfaction are significantly and positively related in the collegiate coaching context. However, the relationship between the two constructs was not reciprocal and the unidirectional effects differed based on the gender of the team coached. Practical implications of these findings might offer significant insights for managers and policy makers such that they are better equipped to establish and increase work (e.g., job) and non-work (e.g., life) satisfaction.
Elite Coach Perceptions of Cohesion on Coacting Teams
Authors: Cormier Marc L. , Bloom Gordon A. , Harvey William J.
Published: January 2016

This study explored the knowledge and perceptions of elite coacting sport coaches as applied to team cohesion. Six experienced university cross-country running coaches who achieved high levels of success and recognition were purposefully chosen and interviewed for this study. Results demonstrated that these coaches valued cohesion and felt it played an integral role in developing team success and satisfaction, despite facing barriers such as intrateam competition and rivalry. Purposeful recruiting, choosing effective team leaders, setting and monitoring team goals, and encouraging social events were some strategies utilized to enhance cohesion and establish positive relationships among teammates. These findings provide a greater understanding of the knowledge of elite coacting coaches and cohesion.
Where are We Going?: Narrative Accounts of Female High School Student-Athletes in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Han Siwan , Kwon Hyungil H. , You JeongAe
Published: January 2016

Previous research on female athletes' burnout found that female athletes experienced higher level of burnout than their male counterpart. However, the studies were not able to identify what actually caused such higher level of burnout among female athletes. The purpose of the study was to explore the sources and contexts of burnout among female track and field athletes in a high school. Total of 13 female student-athletes were interviewed to portray their stories of burnouts using narrative inquiry. The burnout sources of female student athletes were identified into three dimensions: stories of physiological burnout as personal dimension, stories of relational burnout as interpersonal dimension, and stories of structural burnout as institutional dimension. In this study, it is indicated that most of the causes in the above three dimensions basically came from multiple role conflicts, future career foreclosure, and invisible female coach recruitment.
The Relationship Between Playing Situation, Defence and Tackle Technique in Rugby Union
Authors: Sewry Nicola , Lambert Mike , Roode Brad , Matthews Bevan , Hendricks Sharief
Published: January 2016

Although it is known that both technical and tactical proficiency are required for success in rugby, not much is known about the interaction of these two characteristics and their association with success. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between defence and tackle technique, and its association with tackle success, in the context of the playing situation. Tackle contact events (n=763) from the 2010 Super 14 rugby tournament were coded based on playing situation, defensive characteristics, tackle technique and tackle outcome. Then the relative risk ratio (RRR) was determined for each variable in relation to the tackle outcome. Technical characteristics associated with tackle success included head position of tackler (RRR 0.46, p=0.01), type of tackle (RRR 0.58, p<0.001) and tackler leg drive (RRR 0.43, p<0.05). In the relationship between technique and tactical components of the tackle (i.e., defence), tackle techniques proved to be more associated with tackle performance than defence. However, this is not to say that defensive strategies are not important when defending.
Les enjeux de la traduction sous la Révolution française. La transmission des textes du républicanisme anglais
Authors: Monnier Raymonde
Published: January 2016

L’étude des traductions est essentielle pour éclairer la généalogie de la transmission des idées et des théories politiques. L’article tente de comprendre les enjeux politiques et stratégiques de la traduction sous la Révolution française, notamment celle des textes républicains de la première révolution anglaise. Quand et pourquoi les concepts développés en leur temps par les théoriciens du Commonwealth prennent-ils une nouvelle actualité en 1789? Comment et dans quelles circonstances les traducteurs se réapproprientils ces textes pour agir sur le cours des choses? Le but est de dépasser l’analyse en termes de transfert et d’influence d’une tradition pour s’intéresser au contexte de réception, à l’agenda politique des traducteurs et à l’épreuve de la traduction dans un état donné de la langue. Comment ces textes s’insèrent-t-ils dans le contexte intellectuel et les conventions argumentatives du moment? Dans quelle mesure ces traductions ont-elles été des outils de l’innovation politique?
Transfert des idées par la voie de la traduction pendant l’ère révolutionnaire grecque (1797-1832)
Authors: Sfoini Alexandra
Published: January 2016

Les traductions grecques, liées à l’apprentissage des langues et à un tournant vers la
connaissance du monde extérieur, voient leur nombre augmenter au cours du xviiie siècle et
leur importance s’accroître progressivement comme véhicules des idées nouvelles venues de
l’Europe qui, dans la conscience des Grecs, constitue le lieu des Lumières et de la liberté. La
première phase du mouvement de libération grec coïncide avec le retentissement des idées
de la Révolution française et s’exprime par le transfert en grec d’ouvrages révolutionnaires,
philosophiques mais aussi littéraires qui renforcent chez les Grecs l’idée de la liberté et
de la vertu ancestrale, accomplissant ainsi leur “révolution morale”. Cette période de la
maturation des Lumières néohelléniques entretient un rapport étroit avec le mouvement des
Idéologues, qui demeurent fermement attachés aux principes de liberté et d’égalité. Au cours
de la Révolution grecque, au moment où en Europe domine la Sainte Alliance, on traduit
des brochures philhellènes ainsi que des textes de constitutions, des ouvrages de politique et
de philosophie, qui sont destinés à servir comme modèle à la conduite de la Révolution, aux
besoins de l’administration, à l’éducation du citoyen et à la formation future de l’État grec.
A three-dimensional model of the human blood-brain barrier to analyse the transport of nanoparticles and astrocyte/endothelial interactions
Authors: Sreekanthreddy Peddagangannagari , Gromnicova Radka , Davies Heather , Phillips James , Romero Ignacio A. , Male David
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human blood-brain barrier in vitro, which mimics the cellular architecture of the CNS and could be used to analyse the delivery of nanoparticles to cells of the CNS. The model includes human astrocytes set in a collagen gel, which is overlaid by a monolayer of human brain endothelium (hCMEC/D3 cell line). The model was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A collagenase digestion method could recover the two cell types separately at 92-96% purity.  Astrocytes grown in the gel matrix do not divide and they have reduced expression of aquaporin-4 and the endothelin receptor, type B compared to two-dimensional cultures, but maintain their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The effects of conditioned media from these astrocytes on the barrier phenotype of the endothelium was compared with media from astrocytes grown conventionally on a two-dimensional (2D) substratum. Both induce the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hCMEC/D3 cells, but there was no difference between the induced expression levels by the two media. The model has been used to assess the transport of glucose-coated 4nm gold nanoparticles and for leukocyte migration. TEM was used to trace and quantitate the movement of the nanoparticles across the endothelium and into the astrocytes. This blood-brain barrier model is very suitable for assessing delivery of nanoparticles and larger biomolecules to cells of the CNS, following transport across the endothelium.
Theoretical Bases and Technologies of Educational Standards Development
Authors: �������  , Monakhov V.
Published: January 2016

The article gives a theoretical justifi cation of the didactic process of creating standards, instrumentation and operation of certain aspects of the modernization

of the methodological training system. Thesaurus approach to the formation of the original version of the standard is considered.
The Teacher�s Professional Competence As the Monitoring Object
Authors: ������  , Checheva N.
Published: January 2016

Monitoring has become the widespread tool in the modern education. This is due to wide functional capabilities of monitoring as the effi cient means of

informational support for operational and strategic management of educational systems. The effi ciency of monitoring is determined primarily by the

thoroughness of its scientifi c basics.

Technologically, the monitoring process needs a conceptually specifi ed object, and as such an object various educational processes and phenomena

can be chosen, including the teachers� professional activities. The educators� professional competence is chosen as the object of monitoring deliberately,

being considered as the key factor for enhancing quality of education. Now, when the value orientation and benchmarks of national education are being

renewed as a result of paradigm shift, the teachers� professional competence is considered to be the key factor for achieving the new quality level of education.

The author attempts to accomplish the thorough analysis of the very concept of �a teacher�s professional competence�, because considers it as the

essential modeling object to be incorporated in the monitoring procedure.