bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CRUDE TAINNIN EXTRACTS FROM GLIRIDIA SEPIUM ON INTESTINAL MICROFLORA AND CHYME PH OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Aliu F. A. , Amao O. H. , Adetoro A. W. , Ogunfowote O. D. , Popoola O. I. , Adelani A. S. , Abu O. A.
Published: December 2024

Tannins have been reported to have antibiotic effect on consuming animals. In this study the effect of application of crude tannin extracts in drinking water of chickens in place of synthetic antibiotics on intestinal microflora and chyme pH of broiler chicken. Gliricidia sepium leaves were harvested, weighed, air-dried and milled using hammer mill. The tannins were extracted in aqueous medium as crude tannin extract (CTE) and then ad libitum 0, 12, 24, and 36mL-1 in water. Eighty-four 1- day old Abor acres chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments, three replicates in Completely Randomized Design. The birds were fed common diets and their respective water ad libitum. At week 6 the birds were slaughtered by severance of the jugular veins and the chyme pH, and the microbial populations within the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were examined. All data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The digesta pH within the ilea of broiler fed diet with CTE at 24 mL-1 in drinking water was significantly lower compare to all other groups (P>0.05). The Total bacteria count within the jejunum of birds fed 36 mL-1 was significantly lower (p>0.05) in contrast to other treatments. The coliform population in broiler fed diet with CTE at T2(12mL-1) within the jejunum was significantly lower than those fed T1(0 mL-1), T3(24 mL-1) and T4(36 mL-1) in drinking water (p>0.05). The population of Lactobacillus in jejunum of broiler fed diet with CTE at 0mL-1in drinking water was significantly higher compare to all other groups. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in total fungi count within all the intestinal segment with the exception of broiler fed with CFE at T3 (24 mL-1) in drinking water in duodena. Based on the results from this study it could be concluded that the supplementation of gliricidia crude tannin extract at 36mL-1 in drinking water reduced bacteria population in small intestine.
DIETARY REPLACEMENT OF YELLOW MAIZE WITH GRADED LEVELS OF RED SORGHUM WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYME (ENZYBLEND®) ON THE NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, VISCERAL ORGAN AND CARCASS YIELD OF RABBITS
Authors: Tarhemba F. , Torhemen M. , Wayo S. N. , Mashi A. M. , Sarwuan G. D.
Published: December 2024

A study lasting 84 days was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Akperan Orshi Polytechnic Yandev, Gboko to determine the nutrient digestibility, visceral organ and carcass yield of replacing yellow maize with red sorghum in rabbit diets with or without enzyme. A total of 54 weaner rabbits of mixed strains and sexes with initial body weight of 690.84-794.83g were assigned to 9 dietary treatments containing 6 rabbits per treatment with 1 rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design of 4×2+1 factorial arrangement having two levels of enzyblend supplementation (with & without). Dietary treatments included: D1: 0 %, D2 :25 %, D3: 50 %, D4 :75 % D5: 100 % red sorghum replacement. The results showed that, increase in the replacement level of sorghum had significant (p<0.05) higher effects on the apparent digestibility. Carcass characteristics showed no significant (P>0.05) difference on % dressed weight and carcass cut except % head which had differed significantly (P>0.05) higher on rabbit fed control. All parameters on internal organs weight showed no significant (P>0.05) difference except kidney fat and oesophagus which had significantly (P<0.05) higher on rabbit fed 100 (2.14 and 0.14 %), The study therefore recommends 100 % sorghum inclusion level to farmers for improved percentage carcass yield and internal organs in rabbit production.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER FINISHERS FED GINGER WASTE MEAL AS AN ENERGY SOURCE
Authors: Akure C. O. , Ayodele J. T. , Agbo A. N. , Abdulkareem S. B. , Vantsawa P. A.
Published: December 2024

A 4-week feeding trial was conducted with four-week-old unsexed Abor-Acres chickens (n=375) to examine the growth performance and carcass traits of the chickens fed graded dietary levels of ginger waste meal (GWM) at 0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0% replacement for maize, representing T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The chickens were allotted to 5 treatments with 5 replicates each of 15 birds in a completely randomized design. Clean water was provided ad libitum. At the end of the four-week feeding trial, some growth parameters (Final weight, daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio) and carcass traits were calculated. The results showed that dietary levels of inclusion of GWM had significant (P<0.05) effect on the growth parameters and carcass traits measured. Final weight and daily weight gain increased as GWM increased in the diet, while average daily feed consumed and the feed to gain ratio also increased. The dressing percentage, carcass, thigh, breast, wing and back weights were higher for the birds fed 0, 7.5%, 15.0%, and 22.5% GWM based diets than those on 30%GWM. It is concluded that 22.5% of the maize in broiler chicken diets can be substituted by dried GWM with no loss of performance as measured by growth rate, feed conversion and carcass conformation.
EFFECTS OF ADDITION OF NITROGEN ADDITIVES AND VARYING FERMENTATION DAYS ON ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED RICE MILLING WASTE
Authors: Kabir A. U. , Abdurrahaman S. L. , Dahiru M. , Suleiman B. M. , Salisu I. B. , Muhammad A. S. , Musa B. S.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of urea and poultry litter as additives and fermentation days on quality of ensiled rice milling waste. Mixture consisting rice milling waste with urea or poultry litter was ensiled, with three experimental treatments: (T1) rice milling waste without additive (control); (T2) rice milling waste 95% and urea 5% and (T3) rice milling waste 70% and poultry litter 30% on dry matter basis of mixture, respectively using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). All treatments were packed into an open-mouthed kilner jar (cope Bs 910-8, 100mL) for 20 days at room temperature (28 – 30oC). During fermentation process sample per treatment was taken at days; 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. The result showed that the pH value of all mixed silages significantly increases (p<0.05) with ensiling time except for the control in which no significant (P>0.05) changes in pH values were observed throughout the ensiling days. Similarly, significant in Color and aroma were observed in mixed silages (T2 and T3) across the fermentation days in comparison with control silage. The overall findings of this study suggested that addition of 5% urea in rice milling waste silage could improve its quality for ruminants’ animals’ production.
NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SELECTED TROPICAL LEAVES AND THEIR COMPOSITE MIXES
Authors: Ayeni A. O.
Published: December 2024

The nutritional values of selected tropical leaves and their composite leaf mix (CLM) were evaluated. Harvested fresh leaves and garlic were air-dried and milled to produce leaf meals. The CLM was a mixture of Moringa leaf, Bitter leaf, Scent leaf, Neem leaf, and Garlic in a 3:4:1:1:1 ratio, respectively. The proximate and mineral compositions of these leaf meals and their CLM were obtained using an appropriate methodology and statistical analysis conducted with the aid of Microsoft Excel. Results showed that moisture content was higher in Neem leaf meal (15.88%) while Scent leaf meal had the lowest (11.60%) compared to others, ranging from 11.60-15.88% However, the crude protein ranged from 17.29-34.12% with Moringa leaf meal having the highest (34.12%) and lowest in Neem leaf meal (17.29%). The crude fibre ranged from 4.05% in garlic to 19.21% in Gliricidia leaf meal. Nitrogen free extract ranged from 21.09-52.64% with garlic having the highest (52.64%) and lowest in Moringa leaf meal (21.09%). The leaf meals also contained appreciable amount of micro and macro minerals, with Potassium, Calcium, and Zinc values at 32787.81mg/kg, 8300mg/kg, and 54.5mg/kg respectively. It can be concluded that these tropical leaves contained appreciable nutrients that could contribute towards meeting animal nutritional requirements for growth, and they can also be used as additives.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY AND CUTTING AGE ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF F1 PENNISETUM PURPUREUM
Authors: Aderinola O. A. , Adedokun S. N. , Oyewole S. T. , Binuomote R. T. , Ojoawo O. T.
Published: December 2024

Cultivation of improved pasture variety is a means to sustainable livestock production. During dry season most forages declined in agronomic and nutritional performance. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation time and cutting age on the agronomic and nutritional composition of F1 Pennisetum purpureum. The experiment was laid in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement using Randomized completely Block Design. An already established fenced pasture plot measuring 37 × 15 m2 with 12 beds of 4 × 4 m each and with 1 m spacing between beds were cutback to 15 cm above the ground level. The treatments includes two levels of irrigation interval (48 hrs and 76 hrs; cutting age 3, 6 and 9 weeks. Data collected includes the plant height, number per tiller, tiller length, leave width, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, Dry matter and Ash contents. All data collected were analyzed using SAS 2000 package and significance level was determined using the same package. Plants irrigated at 48 hrs recorded the highest Leaf Width (5.08 cm) while other agronomic parameters were not significantly affected. However, an increase in weeks of age at cutting increase the agronomic performance. Nutritional compositions were affected by irrigation interval and plant harvested between weeks 3-6 recorded higher nutritional composition.
ENSILING QUALITY OF PEARL MILLET FORTIFIED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF COWPEA FORAGE
Authors: Ahmad M. Y. , Muhammad I. R. , Abubakar S. A. , Shehu B.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) forage inclusion on the ensiling quality of Pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Burm.F). Pearl millet and cowpea forages were mixed at 100:00, 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60, respectively and ensiled for 3 weeks in the laboratory silos. After fermentation period, the silos were opened and contents scored for colour, aroma and pH. Proximate composition and fiber analysis was carried, dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy and reference feed value was also estimated. The result revealed that the silages were moderately acidic, very sweet and had yellowish colour. Cowpea forage inclusion for ensiling pearl millet improved the CP, ash, EE, ME, dry matter digestibility, dry matter intake and RFV with corresponding declined in DM and fiber fractions. Cowpea forage inclusion at 60% level is recommended for ensiling pearl millet grass. Further studies to determine voluntary feed intake and animal performance are recommended.
EFFECTS OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION METHODS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MAIZE LEAVES AS FODDER FOR LIVESTOCK
Authors: Abdulazeez A. , Yunusa B. M.
Published: December 2024

Fodder production requires nutrients for its tissue and cell developments, however its productivity is hampered by low nitrogen contents in the soil. Inorganic fertilizers are becoming expensive daily and beyond the reach of many livestock farmers that use maize leaves as fodder for their livestock. Foliar method of fertilizer application is expected to use less quantity of inorganic fertilizers compared to placement method, however, its effect on chemical composition needs to be investigated. This experiment was therefore conducted to determine the effect of method of fertilization on chemical composition of maize leaves as feed for livestock. The experiment consisted of four treatments, Treatment 1 (T1) was the application of inorganic fertilizer using side placement while Treatments 2 (T2), 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) were 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively of total amount of fertilizer applied in T1 using foliar method of application. The treatments were replicated three times making the total of 12 experimental units. The experimental design adopted was Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD. The maize leaves were then analyzed for organic matter (OM), dry matter (DM), ASH, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP). The result revealed that, there was significant (p≤0.05) effect of method fertilization on the chemical composition of maize leaves (DM= 94.32-95.40%), (OM= 90.83-94.73%), (ADF= 25.15- 29.04%), (NDF= 19.05-31.72%,), (ADL= 3.10-4.33%), and (CP= (7.41-10.29%).It was concluded that application of fertilizer using foliar method at the rate of 100kg/ha NPK 20:10:10 and 50kg/ha urea could reduce rate of leaching and cost of maize production as forage for livestock.
EFFECT OF ENSILED SWEET POTATO VINES TREATED WITH ADDITIVES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION
Authors: Kuttu J. M. , Garba Y. , Usman H. , Babalola K. W. , Mahmud A. U.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to look at the effect of ensiled sweet potato vines treated with molasses, urea and yeast at five weeks. Two varieties of sweet potato vines silage (SPVS) were made with no additive as control T1, with urea T2, with molasses T3 and with yeast T4. The data collected was analyzed using line with marker chat in Microsoft Excel office Software for pH. ANOVA was used to analyze in vitro gas production using SPSS version 20, where significant differences occurred, the means was separated using general linear model.The results showed that King J had a better silage compared to Dan china variety of SPV on control and urea except for molasses and yeast which had equal pH values of 4.5 and 4.8 each respectively for the two varieties. Among the additives, control produced the best silage for King J variety followed by molasses, yeast and urea.The results for in vitro gas production showed that King J and Dan china varieties were significantly different (P˂0.05) at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 21 and 24hr except 15hr on all the treatments. In conclusion, this studies confirmed that the addition of molasses, urea, and yeast improved silage quality of two varieties of sweet potato vines silage King J and Dan china including the control, with King J as superior variety in terms of silage, while Dan china is better on in vitro gas production. Molasses, urea and yeast are said to be recommended as additive in silage making using sweet potato vines.
ECONOMY OF SUPPLEMENTATION ON RED SOKOTO BUCKS DURING EARLY RAINY SEASON GRAZING
Authors: Yusuf A. , Idowu W. , Garba M. G.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the economy of supplementing Red Sokoto bucks’ feed with concentrate during early rainy season grazing. Four supplements were formulated to contain 12% CP. Twelve bucks (12) were used for the experiments in a completely randomized design with four treatments of three animals each as a replicate randomly allocated into four (4) treatment diets containing varied inclusion levels of soybean hulls. Supplement 1 served as control diet, while 2, 3, and 4 contained varied levels of soybean hulls at 15.00, 22.50 and 30.00% respectively. Animals were offered their respective supplements at 400g per head per day (200g each in the morning and evening) and thereafter allowed to graze the available forages. The experiments lasted for 84 days. Results of the experiments revealed that total cost of feed (₦) differs significantly (p<0.05) across the diets. Though, the total weight gain were similar (p>0.05) highest (1.23kg) value was recorded in T4. Also cost of feed per (₦) per (kg) weight gain were similar, lowest (1397.56) value was obtained in the same T4. It is therefore concluded that supplimentation of Red Sokoto Buck’s feed with soybean hulls at 30.00% had least cost of production with a concomitant reduction in cost of feed per (₦) per (kg) weight. As such is recommended for supplementation of Red Sokoto bucks during early rainy season grazing.
ENHANCIED SUSTAINABLE CATTLE PRODUCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF FEEDING REGIMENS ON WHITE FULANI CALVES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Akinlade J. A. , Aderinola O. A. , Ojoawo O. T. , Adekanmbi A. D.
Published: December 2024

Eminent among challenges faced by the Nigerian beef industry, is the inconsistent availability of feed affecting livestock feeding practices. Recognizing the need for year-round production of quality meat to meet population demands, the study focuses on the use of supplemental feeding regimens to optimize the growth potential of grazing the white Fulani breed calves in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. The study explored the impact of three feeding regimens (morning concentrate supplement (G1), evening concentrate supplement (G2), and without supplementation (G3)) on body measurements and haematological indices. The experiment, conducted over three months, employs a completely randomized design with three replicates. Proximate analysis of the supplemental diet and forages reveals nutritional compositions within the recommended ranges for calf growth crude protein of 8.90 % and 22.59 % and dry matter of 88.66 %-90.80 %. Body measurements showed significant improvements, with evening supplementation leading to notable changes in body length (6cm), weight, circumference, and tail length. Red blood cell count (8.46 x 106uL, haemoglobin (6.90 g/dL), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (24.50 g/dL), exhibited significant variations (P>0.05) among the feeding regimens, suggesting a nuanced impact on animal health. In conclusion, supplemental feeding in the evening emerges as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of white Fulani calves, not only in terms of growth but also in maintaining favourable blood profiles.
EFFECTS OF GUAVA LEAF (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA) SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE DIET OF RUMINANT ON IN VITRO METHANE PRODUCTION, DEGRADABILITY AND PROTOZOA POPULATION
Authors: Akinbode R. M. , Adebayo K. O. , Isah O. A. , Oyewusi I. K. , Oloyede A. R. , Adebayo F. D.
Published: December 2024

Guava leaf is a sustainable and locally accessible forage that can serve as a valuable supplement to the diet of ruminants due to their rich nutritional profile and appreciable secondary metabolites which support methane reduction for effective nutrient utilization. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf supplementation in the diet of ruminant on in vitro methane production, degradability and protozoa population. Guava leaves (GL) was substituted for Panicum hay (PH) at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% levels as roughage source in the diet of West African dwarf goats with roughage to concentrate ratio of 60:40. In vitro gas production technique was carried out by incubating 200 mg of samples from each treatment with 30 mL inoculum. Total gas production, Methane production, diet degradability and protozoa population were evaluated at the end of 48 hours incubation. Guava leaves supplementation improved the proximate composition of the diets especially the crude protein content which was higher (p < 0.05) in diet containing 30 to 60% GL supplementation. In vitro gas and methane production decreased drastically (P < 0.05) with guava leaves supplementation. Diet with 30% GL caused 59% methane reduction with minimal effect on diet degradation. Protozoa count reduced with increase in the level of GL inclusion. It can be concluded from this study that guava leaves should form 30% of diet for West African dwarf goats for effective methane reduction with minimal effect on feed degradability.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN HORSES USING MICROSATELLITES
Authors: LUIS C. , MAYAKI A. M. , JURAS R. , COTHRAN E. G.
Published: December 2024

To our knowledge this study was the first to analyze the genetic variability of Nigerian horses through genetic markers. Genetic variation in 15 microsatellite loci was examined in 31 Nigerian horses and high levels of genetic variation were observed. The values were similar to those found in Barb horses from Morocco and Algeria.
EVIDENCE OF BRUCELLA ANTIBODIES IN MILK OF COWS IN THE NORTH SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: BUHARI H. U. , SAIDU S. N. A. , MOHAMMED G. , RAJI M. A.
Published: December 2024

In view of the socio-economic and cultural roles played by Cow milk in Nigeria, a study was carried out to determine the status of bovine brucellosis in the North Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Six local Government areas (LGAS) from the North Senatorial district of Kaduna State were used for the study. A total of 202 milk samples from apparently healthy lactating cows were collected and subjected to the Milk Ring Test (MRT) between the Months of July, 2013 and January, 2014. From the 202 samples subjected to the MRT, 77 (38.1%) tested positive while 125 (61.9%) tested negative. The highest prevalence was obtained from Kubau LGA (54.8%) while the least prevalence of 20.0% each was obtained from Ikura and Makarfi LGAs respectively. There was however no statistical significant difference in the prevalence rates between LGAS. The high prevalence of Brucella antibodies in the milk of sampled cattle indicates the great public health risk posed to humans in the study area to infection with Bruclla spp. Stake holders in the Livestock sector should be educated on the public health implication of the dis ase in other animal species and humans.
PARTURIENT PARESIS (MILK FEVER): A POTENTIAL THREAT TO SUCCESSFUL MILK PRODUCTION-A REVIEW
Authors: OKIN H. O. , DAUDU O. M.
Published: December 2024

This study reviews the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of parturient paresis and its effect on the dairy industry. Milk fever is a metabolic disease. Highly producing dairy cattle, cows in third to sixth lactation, cows with previous history of parturient paresis, Jersey and Guernsey breeds have been reported to be at high risk. It occurs when serum ionized calcium concentration is low and mostly close to the time of parturition. Preventive measures taken are majorly aimed at boosting blood calcium level around parturitionso as to reduce the incidence, treatment protocols also center around the use of calcium based drugs (salts). Such measures include proper dietary management, dietary calcium restriction, feeding acidogenic diets, and use of calcium chloride gel and calcium gluconate.
NUTRIENT INTAKES AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED DIETS CONTAINING DRY LOCUST BEAN PULP
Authors: Ismaila E. O. , Oderinwale O. A. , Toviesi D. P. , Bomodeoku G. T. , Oluwatosin B. O. , Adekunle E. O.
Published: December 2024

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the nutrient intakes and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats fed diets containing dry locust bean pulp (DLBP) in a completely randomized design (CRD) for twelve weeks. The research was carried out at the Small Ruminant Unit of the College of Animal Science and Livestock Production (COLANIM), Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria. A total number of twenty (20) WAD goats of less than one (1) year were randomly allotted on weight equalization into four (4) dietary treatments consisting of five (5) goats per treatments which were: 0, 10, 20 and 30% DLBP inclusion levels. Data obtained at the end of the study were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range test at a 5% probability level. The dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) influenced all the nutrient intake parameters observed. Goats fed 20% DLBP recorded the highest total dry matter (430.49%), total crude fibre (72.95%), total ether extract (41.58%), total acid detergent fibre (109.28%) and total acid detergent lignin (64.72%) intake compared with other dietary treatments. Total nitrogen intake (6.29%), total nitrogen excreted (2.55%) and nitrogen absorbed (5.00%) were significantly (p<0.05) different with 0% DLBP having significantly higher values while 20% DLBP had the highest nitrogen retained (3.89%). The results of this study indicated that the inclusion of dry locust bean pulp at 20% level enhanced nutrients intakes and nitrogen utilization by West African Dwarf goats.
EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING PYRIDOXINE AND ASCORBIC ACID AT GRADED LEVELS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors: Bomodeoku G. T. , Oderinwale O. A. , Ismaila E. O. , Toviesi D. P. , Oluwatosin B. O. , Adekunle E. O.
Published: December 2024

Vitamin C and B6 play crucial roles in enhancing appetite and promoting feed intake of ruminant animals. These vitamins are involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters that control hunger and satiety. By providing an adequate amount of Vitamin C and B6 in the diet, West African Dwarf goats are likely to exhibit improved feed intake, resulting in a greater nutrient intake and better growth performance. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of diets containing ascorbic acid and pyridoxine at graded levels on the growth performance of WAD goats. A total of twenty (20) West African Dwarf (WAD) goats aged less than a year old were used for a feeding trial that lasted for 12 weeks. This study was carried out at the Small Ruminant Unit of the College of Animal Science and Livestock Production (COLANIM), Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria. The goats were randomly allotted on weight equalization into four (4) dietary treatments consisting of five (5) goats per treatments which were: basal concentrate diet (control), basal concentrate diet (100kg) + 50g of ascorbic acid, basal concentrate diet (100kg) + 50g of pyridoxine, basal concentrate diet (100kg) + 25g of ascorbic acid + 25g of pyridoxine. Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level. Results obtained also showed that the treatments had no significant (P<0.05) effect on all the growth performance parameters under consideration. Goats fed diets containing 50g of pyridoxine had highest value for total feed intake (248.29g/day) and total protein intake (22.18g/day) while goats fed diets containing 50g ascorbic acid had higher mean values for majority of growth performance parameters which were final weight (8.20kg), metabolic weight gain (4.45g/day/W0.75), metabolic final weight (4.84g/day/W0.75), daily weight gain (20.40g/day). The results of this study indicated that the inclusion of Ascorbic Acid at 50g inclusion rate (T2) is best in supplementing concentrate diets for a better growth performance.
EFFECT OF FENUGREEK SEED POWDER ON MILK YIELD, QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF KANO BROWN GOAT
Authors: Hanga H. R. , Garba Y. , Baba M.
Published: December 2024

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of fenugreek seed powder (FSP) on performance and milk yield of lactating Kano Brown Goat. Twenty goats in their 1st and 2nd parity were used in the study. Treatments were T1 (0% FSP), T2 (5%FSP), T3 (10%FSP) and T4 (15%FSP). Lactating Kano Brown does were allocated to a treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicated a significant variation among treatments in terms of Ash, Crude fibre (CF), Crude protein (CP), Carbohydrate, Dry matter (DM), Ether extract (EE), Nitrogen free extract (NFE) and Energy. A significant (P<0.05) variation existed among the treatments in the CP contents of 5.33, 7.10, 6.24 and 4.45%, respectively.T1 and T4 affected the ash content (P<0.05). Significant (P<0.05) difference existed between T1 and T3 for EE (8.55% vs 6.86%). The highest daily milk yield (237.5ml) was obtained from treatment T3. Among the treatments, milk amino acid profile evaluated showed a highly significant (P>0.05) difference. There was a statistical difference (P<0.05) in the values for average daily weight gain (ADWG) evaluated in T2 (90.72g/d) and T3 (50.40g/d) and the values for dry matter intake (DMI) evaluated in T2, T3 and T4.. Increase in weight by kids from birth to week 12 in the treatments was observed. However, the higher weight gain was recorded in T3 (7.98Kg). It was therefore concluded that feeding diets containing fenugreek seed powder improved milk yield and its quality.
MINERAL SAFETY INDEX AND FUNCTIONAL PROERTY OF THE STOMATOPOD SHRIMP (SQUILLA ACULEATA HOLTHUIS, 1959) (CRUSTACEA: STOMATOPODA)
Authors: Moruf R. O.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to analyze the mineral composition, safety ratio and functional properties of the cephalothorax and abdomen (fillet) of the stomatopod shrimp, Squilla aculeata. The mineral content, expressed in mg 100g-1, revealed distinctive patterns in the two body parts. The cephalothorax exhibited higher concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Mn compared to the abdomen. Notably, the mineral safety index (MSI) calculated for each mineral indicated potential mineral overload in both body parts, excluding sodium. The MSI values for Ca, Mg, P, and Na were compared against standard values. All minerals, except sodium, exhibited negative percentage differences, suggesting elevated concentrations beyond the recommended levels. The extent of these differences ranged from -1250.27 to 60.29 for cephalothorax and -706.2 to 82.82 for the abdomen, emphasizing the potential health risks associated with the consumption of S. aculeata. Furthermore, the functional properties of the stomatopod shrimp, revealing significant variations between the cephalothorax and abdomen. The cephalothorax demonstrated higher values in water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), emulsion stability, foam stability, solubility, packed bulk density, loose bulk density, specific gravity, and emulsion capacity. Conversely, the abdomen exhibited superior foam capacity, swelling power, and dispersibility. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights into the mineral safety/composition and functional properties of different body parts of S. aculeata. The findings underscore the importance of considering both nutritional content and functional characteristics when evaluating the suitability of stomatopod shrimp for consumption and industrial applications.
THE FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS OF AUCHEONOGLANIS OCCIDENTALIS (VALENCIENNES, 1840) INHABITING SEBORE RESERVOIR, MAYO - BELWA, ADAMAWA STATE
Authors: Yusuf Z. A. , Bara’atu A. , Hassan S. K. , Nababa A. S. , Ali M. E. , Abdulkarim M.
Published: December 2024

Sebore Reservoir is blessed with many commercial and potential aquaculture species but there is paucity of published information on their food and feeding habits especially Aucheonoglanis occidentalis. This study aimed at providing information on the food and feeding habits of A. occidentalis found in the reservoir. A total of 144 samples of A. occidentalis, were collected monthly for a period of one year. Fishing was done using gill nets and canoe. The fish specimens were washed with clean water and preserved in ice crest to minimize any post-mortem changes. The stomach contents of each of the A. occidentalis sample were identified and analysis was done using the numerical and frequency of occurrence methods. The results recorded from the 144 samples of A. occidentalis elucidated that 84 samples of A. occidentalis representing 58.33% have their stomach full with food, 51 (35.42%) were having a half-filled stomach and 9 (6.25%) were having an empty stomach. The higher number of A. occidentalis samples recorded with full stomach than the A. occidentalis samples with half - filled and empty stomach in the study area indicated that there was constant availability of food for the fish. Findings from this study indicated that the A. occidentalis from Sebore reservoir of Adamawa State is an Omnivore, which fed on both plant and animal materials, though it feeds mostly on animal materials (Insect parts, fish parts and unidentified worms) than on plants. The different varieties of food items observed in the gut make it a potential candidate for aquaculture.
PERFORMANCE OF AFRICAN MUD CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS BURCHELL,1822) HATCHLINGS FED BAKER’S YEAST, EGG YOLK AND MILK POWDER AS STARTER DIETS
Authors: Ali M. E. , Yusuf S. K. , Maisheru J. A. , Ekaette E. E. , Nababa A. S. , Idris M. , Yahaya I. , Useni S. S. , Yusuf Z. A.
Published: December 2024

Feeding trials involving the use of four different starter diets; shell-free Artemia which served as the control (T0), baker’s yeast (T1), chicken egg yolk (T2) and milk powder (T3) were carried out. For the feeding of Clarias gariepinus hatchlings, was carried out at the hatchery room of the National Biotechnology Development Agency, Katsina, Diets were fed to hatchlings (n = 1,200, 0.28±0.0g) for 28 days in twelve hatchery tanks (n = 100). Hatchlings were fed at a fixed feeding rate of 10% body weight six times daily between the hours of 07:00 and 23:00 at regular interval. Data obtained were analyzed using One - way ANOVA at P = 0.05. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of hatchlings fed T0, T2, and T3, except for the hatchlings fed T1. The higher survival rate values recorded from both the hatchlings fed T0 and T2 indicated that these diets were well utilized by the hatchlings and does not have any negative effect on the water quality parameters, while the lower survival rate values recorded from both the hatchlings fed T1 and T3 was due to nutrient leach in the baker’s yeast and the milk powder which quickly dissolve in water, thereby causing pollution, which have negative effects on the survival rate of the hatchlings. Findings from this study indicated that use of boiled chicken egg yolk is encouraged in the culture of C. gariepinus hatchlings as alternative to shell-free Artemia as starter diets.
RELEVANCE OF Amblyomma variegatum INFESTATION IN THE PREVALENCE OF BOVINE DERMATOPHILOSIS
Authors: OWOLABI Y. H. , JAMES I. J. , YUSUF K. H.
Published: December 2024

Fifty (50) cattle were randomly sampled from five different herds across Zaria metropolis for ticks using standard methods, the severities of the dermatophilosis lesions were observed and the extent of infestation with Amblyomma variegatum compared. The mean±SD per herd of Amblyomma variegatum ranges from 2.2± 2.6 to 5.4 ± 3.5 in all the herds with about 20% of the cattle not having any Amblyomma variegatum on them. The distribution of those not infested ranges between 10 to 30% within the herds. The level of dermatophilosis lesion on the cattle per herd revealed that 34% of all the cattle sampled showed no lesions of dermatophilosis and those without lesion were spread within four out of the five herds, 16% (8) of the animal showed mild infestation, 36% (18) showed moderate infestation while the remaining 16% showed severe and very severe infestation. Of all the 50 cattle sampled in the five herds, 34 (68%) showed lesion of dermatophilosis with concurrent infestation with Amblyomma variegatum. The remaining fractions either showing no lesions of dermatophilosis with Amblyomma variegatum infestation or manifested lesions of dermatophilosis without Amblyomma variegatum infestation. The extent of the dermatophilosis lesion was found in most cases to correlate with the severity of Amblyomma variegatum infestation Key words: Amblyomma variegatum, Dermatophilosis, Infestation, Cattle
MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH FARMING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN IBADAN, OYO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Atobaale O. Y. , Ajagbe S. O. , Ajagbe R. O. , Ariwoola O. S. , Ojubolamo M. T. , Lawal M. O.
Published: December 2024

Catfish farming is management-intensive. It requires daily routine management activities for the realization of optimum profit. The incident of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) halted and disrupted this daily routine management, which invariably affected the profit of the enterprise. Therefore, this study aims to assess the management challenges in catfish production during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. This study employed a structured questionnaire to elicit information from the respondents through the snowball sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the mean age was 46.46±1.55 years, and they were literate. The average years of experience of the catfish farmers were 9.30±0.82. The majority (88%) observed the COVID-19 protocol, and most (80%) agreed that COVID-19 protocols changed their usual ways of managing their farms. Among the challenges faced during the pandemic are poaching and loss of profit. Although the government distributed some palliative items to cushion the effects of COVID-19 on the masses, most (84% of farmers) confirmed that they did not receive any or even the services of extension agents during the period. It was observed that gender and educational background were the only socioeconomic characteristics that influenced catfish management during the COVID-19 lockdown and were significantly different at P < 0.05.
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF LIVESTOCK WASTE ON WELLBEING OF FARM WORKERS AND RESIDENTS WITHIN FARM CATCHMENT AREA IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Kadurumba C. , Osuchukwu A. A. , Azodo N. L.
Published: December 2024

The drive to boost livestock output in Nigeria in an effort to enhance protein consumption creating a rise in waste generation. This study, examined how people in the farm catchment area of Abia State assessed the impact of animal waste on their well-being. A multistage sampling method was employed to choose 148 participants for the research. A systematic interview schedule was used to elicit information from the workers, and descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, and the t-test were used to analyze the results. There was a significant difference (t = 3.684, P = 0.001) in how study area inhabitants and farm workers perceive the impact of animal wastes on their well-being. Residents and farm workers thought livestock waste had little impact on their well-being. Wellbeing of residents was more affected with livestock waste than that of farm workers. There is a need to formulate rules and regulations governing safe handling of waste to minimise its impact on the wellbeing of citizens.https://www.njap.org.ng/index.php/njap/manageIssues#backIssues
RETRACTION OF PAPER: NSAP-UI 20241.The editorial board of the Nigerian Journal of Animal Production hereby formally retract a paper titled “Perceived effect of livestock waste on wellbeing of farm workers and residents within farm catchment area in Abia State, Nigeria” authored by Kadurumba, C., Osuchukwu, A.A, and Azodo N.L.(2024), which appeared on pages 220-222 of the  Proc. 49th Conf., Nig. Soc. for Anim. Prod.(2024) was found to be a plagarised paper titled “Perceived effect of livestock waste on wellbeing of farm workers and residents within farm catchment area in Oyo State, Nigeria Olusola Samuel Fadairo, Oluwaseun Aderonke Adeleke, Beatrice Oluwatosin Olowofoyeku (2019) published in AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA, 52/3–4, 139–147
2.The paper by Kadurumba et al. (2024) titled “Perceived effect of livestock waste on wellbeing of farm workers and residents within farm catchment area in Abia State, Nigeria” is thereby retracted and should not be cited as reference in future.
ORGAN WEIGHT CHANGES OF WEANER PIGS FED DIET CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF COMBINED YAM PEEL AND SWEET POTATO PEEL MEAL COMBINATION
Authors: Obioma C. A. , Akinmutim A. H. , Onunkwo D. N.
Published: December 2024

Nutritionists focusing on animal health in Nigeria face ongoing challenges in finding alternative feeding solutions for monogastric animals, particularly pigs. To address this, a study was conducted using 24 weaner pigs to assess the effects of incorporating a combination of yam peel and sweet potato peel meal into a maize-based diet on organ weights. The total of twenty-four pigs were divided into four dietary groups, each replicated three times, with two pigs per replicate, following a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The diets consisted of a maize-based diet (D1) and three experimental diets where the maize was partially replaced with a combination of yam peel and sweet potato peel meal at levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15%, respectively (D2, D3, and D4). The proximate composition and gross energy content of the combined sweet potato peel and yam peel meals were as follows: crude protein: 9.11 %, ether extract 1.20 %, crude fibre 3.47 %, ash 6.89 %, dry matter 89.10 % and gross energy 3.010 Kcal/kg. Anti-nutritional factors present in the meal included hydrogen cyanide (0.23 mg/kg), phytates (0.56 %), tannins (0.46 %), and Heamagglutinins (0.47 mg/hu). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in organ weights between the control and experimental groups, except for the heart and lungs. The spleen weights did not display a consistent pattern attributable to the test ingredient. However, the liver and kidney weights of pigs fed the experimental diets were higher than those on the control diet. Nonetheless, the observed enlargement of kidney and liver suggested that weaner pigs may have limited tolerance to the test ingredient beyond 10%.
IMPACT OF PROCESSED CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS (LEMON GRASS) LEAF MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Olabode A. D. , Agu C. I.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was carried out to determine the impact of processed lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrates) leaf meal on the growth performance and haematological indices of broiler birds. One hundred and twenty (120), day old "Agrited" broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, each replicated three times with ten birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Four diets were formulated such that the lemon grass leaf meal was incorporated into the diets at 0%, 0.75%, 1.50% and 2.25% corresponding to treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Feed and water were given ad-libitum throughout the experimental period of 49 days. Final body weight was superior (P<0.05) in T4 (2530g), while the least value of 2200g was observed in treatment 1. Body weight gain was highest in T4 (1290g), but least in T1 (958g). While feed conversion ratio was at its best in treatment 4 with 1.99. Haematological profile results showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) effect of lemon grass leaf meal across the treatment groups studied in terms of haemoglobin and red blood cell, but differed (P<0.05) in packed cell volume and white blood cell. From the results obtained in this present research, it can be concluded that lemon grass leaf meal can be added up to 2.25% in the diet of broiler chickens without any undesirable effect in terms of growth performance and no negative impact on the health of the birds at this phase of growth.
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN LIVESTOCK BREEDING: A REVIEW
Authors: Lamido M. , Alade N. K. , Kembe N. D. , Mukaddas J.
Published: December 2024

Conventional breeding strategies in livestock production is time consuming and the effect of conventional breeding scheme in livestock is limited in most cases. This strategies do not take into account all sources of genetic variability efficiently. Also, selection for sex-limited, lowly heritable or late-expressed traits are not only difficult but also very expensive using conventional breeding strategies. However, Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) technique combined all genetic information at markers and Quantitative trait loci (QTL) with the phenotypic records to enhance genetic evaluation and selection. It is an important tool in selection of economic traits in farm animals and hence, it is expected to increase the rate of genetic gain in livestock when relating to traditional breeding programmes.
EFFECT OF SOILING LENGTH ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF BACKYARD POULTRY TABLE EGGS
Authors: RIBAH M. I. , OLADOSU J, , MUFTAU M. A. , ANLADE Y. D. R. , BELLO S.
Published: December 2024

In a study to investigate the effect of soiling length on the physico-chemical qualities of backyard poultry table eggs, a deep litter system of egg production was simulated in a completely randomised design consisting of seven treatments (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours) of soiling length, using freshly laid eggs from an automated battery cage system. Data was analysed using the SPSS statistical package. Results for physical and chemical analysis indicated that soiling length had significantly (P<0.05) affected Egg weight loss, Albumin height, Haugh unit, Moisture content, Crude protein, Ether extract and Ash. Increase in soiling length led to increase in: egg weight loss and moisture content; and decrease in albumin height, Haugh unit, crude protein, ether extract and ash. It was concluded from the study that, soiling length had significantly influenced some physical qualities of the eggs such as increase in egg weight loss and decrease in albumin height and the haugh unit. Similarly, increasing soiling length leads to the increase in moisture content of the eggs and decrease in crude protein, ether extract and ash. The study suggests that laid eggs should not be left to stay for longer hours on the floor of the backyard for the optimum conservation of quality and safety of the eggs to the consumers.
OESTRUS RESPONSES USING DOUBLE TREATMENTS OF PGF2a (LUTALYSE AND SYNCHROMATE) IN NIGERIAN JENNIES
Authors: HASSAN R. , REKWOT P. I. , BAWA E. K. , MOHAMMED A. K. , LAWAL M. , OKEEGBODO B. E. , BELLO T. K. , HUSSAINI M.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to evaluate oestrus responses using double treatments of pgf2a (Lutalyse and Synchromate) in Nigerian jennies. Eight (8) cycling jennies aged 3.8 ± 2.0 years were used for this study. The jennies were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 4 jennies each; Group 1 (n=4): jennies treated with a double injection of 10mg of Lutalyse; Group 2 (n=4): jennies treated with double injection of 375μg of Synchroniate. Blood was collected from the jennies for extraction of serum, for progesterone and oestradiol estimation using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Groups 1 and 2, had time to onset of oestrus of 3.98 ± 0.95 and 1.78 ± 0.29 hours (P>0.05), duration of oestrus of 78.0 ± 22.7 and 120 16.97 hours (P<0.05), oestrus response rate of 75 and 100% and intensity of synchronization within 48 hours was 75 and 100% (P<0.01), respectively. From this study it was established that the oestrus period and oestrus cycle length of groups 1 and 2 was 8 and 15 days and also 17 and 21 days, respectively, in Nigerian indigenous jennies. In conclusion, Synchronization of jennies is possible using exogenous PGF2a, however, double treatment of Cloprostenol Sodium (Synchromate) had a better response, therefore, it is more efficient than double treatment of Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) in oestrus synchronization of jennies.
TESTICULAR HOMOGENATE AND FILTRATE VOLUME OF KANO BROWN BUCKS AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE, CHANGES IN RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND FEEDING REGIME
Authors: NASIRI M. , GALAHlMA N. M. , ABUBAKAR M. M. , ZANGO H. M. , SALISU N.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the seasonal and nutritional effect on testicular homogenate and filtrate volume of Kano brown bucks. Baseline data was collected at University Teaching and Research Farm of and laboratory of the Department of Animal Science, Bayero University, Kano. Sixteen (16) Kano brown bucks with an average of 15 kg. 10-12 month of age were used. Four bucks one from each treatment were orchiectomised for the determination of testicular homogenate and filtrate volume. The result obtained were significant (P < 0.05) different T3 recorded the highest mean value of 81.00 ml while had the lowest mean values of 39.00 ml right testis homogenate volume. It can be concluded that temperature, humidity changes and feeding regime has a significant effect on testicular homogenate and filtrate volume of Kano brown bucks, goat should be allowed to go grazing and supplemented twice per day.