bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An annotated catalogue of the exotic flora of Angola: state of the art
Authors: FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: March 2022

Data and information provided in a 2008 floristic inventory of the indigenous and exotic flora of Angola was disaggregated and reanalysed for an improved understanding of the floristic component that is non-indigenous to the country. Results of the analysis are presented here as a catalogue of the exotic flora recorded for Angola. The catalogue consists of three lists: 1. ‘Naturalised aliens’; 2. ‘Taxa of uncertain indigenous or naturalised status or presence’; and 3. ‘Cultivated, casual, and escaped taxa’. Overall, the catalogue is expanded, brought up to date, and evidence-based information is provided for each taxon included on one of the three lists. A total of 180+ taxa are recorded here as having become naturalised in Angola. This figure includes records at the rank of genus that likely include more than one species. A further 53 taxa of uncertain indigenous or naturalised status or presence are listed. Additionally, 110 taxa that are cultivated, casual, or escaped are discussed. We compare the figures presented here to those available for a selection of other countries. We show that, in terms of numbers, the non-indigenous flora of Angola is smaller than that of some near-neighbouring countries, such as Zimbabwe (to the east) and South Africa (to the south), and argue for the use of standard terminology when recording and referring to non-indigenous species, and for the preparation of herbarium vouchers when such species are encountered.
Breynia pseudorostrata (Phyllanthaceae), a new species from Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors: YANG FENG , LI PING-PING , LIU JIN-LI , WANG QIU-PING , WANG HUAN-CHONG
Published: March 2022

Breynia pseudorostrata Huan C. Wang & Feng Yang, a new species in Phyllanthaceae, is described and illustrated. The new species was found in central Yunnan Province, southwest China. It morphologically resembles B. rostrata, but clearly differs from the latter by its ovate to elliptic leaf blades with broadly rounded to acute apex, styles strict, broad and nearly connate at base, stigmas with 2 shallow and completely inflexed lobes, and apex of capsule subtruncate.
Study on the genus Morimospasma Ganglbauer, 1889 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) from Hubei, China
Authors: WANG PING , XIE GUANGLIN , WANG WENKAI
Published: March 2022

Totally nine species/subspecies of the genus Morimospasma Ganglbauer, 1889 are recorded from Hubei (China). Among of them, a new species, Morimospasma (Parvopama) shii sp. nov., from Shennongjia Forestry District, is described and illustrated and Morimospasma (Parvopama) tuberculatum Breuning, 1939 is newly recorded from Hubei.
Managing Fatigue in Parkinson’s Disease: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alizadeh Neda , Packer Tanya L. , Sturkenboom Ingrid , Eskes Gail , Warner Grace
Published: March 2022

Background. Fatigue is a disabling symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Managing Fatigue: A Six-Week Energy Conservation Intervention was developed to improve the occupational performance of people with fatigue. Efficacy of this program has not been established in PD. Purpose. This study will assess feasibility of the Managing Fatigue: Individual Program ( MFIP) delivered via videoconference, the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) protocol, and the preliminary effectiveness of the MFIP. Methods. A mixed-methods approach nested in a pilot RCT, randomizing 54 participants 1:1 to usual care or MFIP arms, will be employed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of MFIP. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected simultaneously. Implications. Results will identify evidence for establishing protocol requirements for a full-scale RCT. Knowledge of the effectiveness of the one-to-one videoconference delivery format of the program has the potential to enhance the accessibility and the quality of care of the PD population.
Croon’s Bias-Corrected Estimation for Multilevel Structural Equation Models with Non-Normal Indicators and Model Misspecifications
Authors: Cox Kyle , Kelcey Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Multilevel structural equation models (MSEMs) are well suited for educational research because they accommodate complex systems involving latent variables in multilevel settings. Estimation using Croon’s bias-corrected factor score (BCFS) path estimation has recently been extended to MSEMs and demonstrated promise with limited sample sizes. This makes it well suited for planned educational research which often involves sample sizes constrained by logistical and financial factors. However, the performance of BCFS estimation with MSEMs has yet to be thoroughly explored under common but difficult conditions including in the presence of non-normal indicators and model misspecifications. We conducted two simulation studies to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the estimator under these conditions. Results suggest that BCFS estimation of MSEMs is often more dependable, more efficient, and less biased than other estimation approaches when sample sizes are limited or model misspecifications are present but is more susceptible to indicator non-normality. These results support, supplement, and elucidate previous literature describing the effective performance of BCFS estimation encouraging its utilization as an alternative or supplemental estimator for MSEMs.
Consequences of Implementing Curricular-Aligned Strategies for Identifying Rural Gifted Students
Authors: Callahan Carolyn M. , Azano Amy , Park Sunhee , Brodersen Annalissa V. , Caughey Melanie , Dmitrieva Svetlana
Published: March 2022

Analysis of assessment data from an initial pool of second-grade students ( n = 4549) in low-income rural communities and a subgroup of students identified from that pool for gifted services ( n = 524) provided evidence for the validity of a curricular-aligned process including universal screening and local norms for identifying rural students in high-poverty schools as gifted. We first compared identification data on a group identified with existing, more general identification strategies to data on students identified specifically in language arts using universal screening and local norms as part of the identification criteria, providing staff development focused on indicators of rural giftedness prior to teacher ratings of students, and using a profile in decision making. This comparison confirmed the hypothesis that talent in rural students from low-income areas may manifest in ways that are not captured by more generic identification processes. Despite concerns about the implementation of identification processes using local norms, students identified through the project’s alternative approach scored higher on a measure of verbal aptitude and scored as well on postintervention assessments as students identified using the district-identification process. This outcome provides evidence that students identified with local norms in a specific academic domain reach similar or higher levels of achievement as students identified using national norms and more general means of assessment.
Institutionalized affect in organizations: Not an oxymoron
Authors: Ashforth Blake E , Humphrey Ronald H
Published: March 2022

Can affective states – emotions, moods, and sentiments – become institutionalized in an organization such that they become “objective” factors that are exterior to any one person and resistant to change? We argue that the answer is yes, through intertwined top–down and bottom–up processes that shape an organization’s (or subunit’s) affective climate and affective culture, resulting in a dynamic equilibrium. The top–down processes include leadership, attraction–selection–attrition, and socialization, coupled with the physical, task, and social context, while the bottom–up process of emergence occurs via affective events, appraisal, affective sharing, and affect schemas. We also consider how identification with the organization (or subunit) enhances the likelihood of institutionalized affect. We conclude that institutionalized affect in organizations is far from an oxymoron.
Toward Culturally Sensitive Development Paradigms: New Shifts, Limitations, and the Role of (Cross-) Cultural Psychology
Authors: Badaan Vivienne , Choucair Farah
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we tackle three central questions: (1) How is cultural sensitivity currently shaping development agendas? (2) How can collaborations between development agencies and (cross-) cultural psychologists ensure that development priorities are culturally sensitive and bottom-up, rather than culturally universal and top-down? And finally, (3) How can utopian thinking be used as a bottom-up research device to tap into the content of the social imaginary of people across cultures and contexts in a way that can inform and guide development paradigms? We review relevant literatures and research from development agencies, cultural, and cross-cultural psychology, highlight advancements in devising culturally sensitive development goals, and advocate for a bottom-up approach to prioritizing needs and goals of citizens across different cultures. To that end, we propose that utopian thinking could be leveraged as a culturally sensitive research tool that could illuminate culturally specific development needs and goals that have been left untapped by contemporary development approaches. We conclude by reiterating the importance of leveraging knowledge, research methods, and expertise from cultural and cross-cultural psychology to reach the ultimate development goal—the improvement of the human condition in a sustainable, equitable manner.
Reviewing Latin American railway historiography: New trends and research avenues
Authors: Santamaría García Antonio
Published: March 2022

Latin-American railways have not general-comparative historical studies, although more recent publications generated valuable contributions to knowledge. The content and approach of the latest research resonate better into the international historiographical debates, incorporating perspectives that go beyond the national bias of previous works, avowing the previous stress on the region backwardness and economic inequalities. They also incorporate research about social, labor, and cultural-heritage topics, and about the necessity of resizing of the state role, and estimates on its direct contribution to growth. This article reviews such last new studies—except regarding cultural-heritage, because due to its scope the issue would precede a particular analysis—stating how these investigations can growth further.
Identifying and interpreting government successes: An assessment tool for classroom use
Authors: Douglas Scott , ‘t Hart Paul , Van Erp Judith
Published: March 2022

Journalists, politicians, watchdog institutions, and public administration scholars devote considerable energy to identifying and dissecting failures in government. Studies and case-studies of policy, organizational, and institutional failures in the public sector figure prominently in public administration curriculums and classrooms. Such a focus on failures provides students with cautionary tales and theoretical tools for understanding how things can go badly wrong. However, students are provided with less insights and tools when it comes to identifying and understanding instances of success. To address this imbalance, this article offers students a framework to systematically identify, comprehensively assess and carefully interpret instances of successful public governance. The three-stage design of the funnel introduces students to relevant debates and literatures about meaningful public outcomes, the prudent use of public power, and the ability to sustain performance over time. The articles also discuss how this framework can be used effectively in classroom settings, helping teachers to stimulate reflection on the key challenges of assessing and learning from successes.
Improving Eye Contact and Gaze Following in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Withdrawal of Stimulus Prompts and Tangible Reinforcers
Authors: Lee Gabrielle T. , Tang Yuwei , Xu Sheng
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a procedure involving systematic withdrawal of stimulus prompts and tangible reinforcers on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of eye contact and gaze following for two children with ASD in China. Two boys with ASD (5–6 years of age) participated. A concurrent multiple probe design across behaviors and participants was used. Results indicate that the procedure effectively established eye contact and gaze following for both children. Generalization to new instructors occurred in the free play setting, and the acquired behaviors were maintained for 1 month following training. Eye contact was maintained with social consequences for one child; the other child required tokens along with social consequences to maintain eye contact. Social consequences were sufficient to maintain gaze following for both children.
The shadow banning controversy: perceived governance and algorithmic folklore
Authors: Savolainen Laura
Published: March 2022

In this paper, I approach platform governance through algorithmic folklore, consisting of beliefs and narratives about moderation systems that are passed on informally and can exist in tension with official accounts. More specifically, I analyse user discussions on ‘shadow banning’, a controversial, potentially non-existing form of content moderation on popular social media platforms. I argue that discursive mobilisations of the term can act as a methodological entry point to studying the shifting grounds and emerging logics of algorithmic governance, not necessarily in terms of the actual practices themselves, but in terms of its experiential dimension that, in turn, indicates broader modalities and relationalities of control. Based on my analysis of the user discussions, I argue that the constitutive logics of social media platforms increasingly seem to run counter to the values of good governance, such as clarity and stability of norms, and consistency of enforcement. This is reflected in how users struggle, desperately, to form expectations about system operation and police themselves according to perceived rules, yet are left in a state of dependency and frustration, unable to take hold of their digital futures.
Identifying Olfactory Phenotypes to Differentiate Between COVID‐19 Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Somani Shaan N. , Farrokhian Nathan , Macke Jamison , Yu Katherine M. , Uhlich Cody , Rea Emma L. , Villwock Jennifer A.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to identify specific olfactory phenotypes—patterns of olfactory performance—across distinct cohorts with or without olfactory dysfunction (OD). Adult patients underwent testing via a novel olfactory testing methodology in 1 of 4 groups based on health status: sinonasal inflammatory condition (chronic rhinosinusitis or allergic rhinitis), ≥4 weeks of self‐reported OD after resolved COVID‐19 infection, Alzheimer’s disease, and healthy control. Participants’ scores for each scent were normalized on a scale of 0 to 1 relative to their worst and best scores. Agglomerative hierarchal cluster analysis was performed on normalized data for the COVID‐19 and sinonasal cohorts. Resulting clusters from the penultimate merger revealed a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 63% for the detection of patients with COVID‐19. These results support that there are olfactory phenotypes that may discriminate COVID‐19 OD from sinonasal inflammatory disease. These phenotypes will likely become increasingly leveraged in the workup and treatment of patients with OD.
The impact Of high-intensity interval training On functioning And health-related quality Of life In post-stroke patients: A systematic review With meta-analysis
Authors: Anjos Jorge Motta , Neto Mansueto Gomes , dos Santos Franciele Silva , Almeida Katna de Oliveira , Bocchi Edimar Alcides , Lima Bitar Yasmin de Souza , Duraes Andre Rodrigues
Published: March 2022

Objective

To examine the effects of high-intensity interval training on the functioning and health-related quality of life of post-stroke patients.

Methods

We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro database, and Scielo up to January 2022 for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training in post-stroke patients. Two reviewers selected the studies independently. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The mean difference (MD), standard mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Nine studies met the study criteria (375 patients). The age of the participants ranged from 55.8 to 72.1 years. The studies included patients within 2 weeks of stroke onset to patients longer than 1 month of stroke. High-intensity interval training resulted in improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake) MD (3.8 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 2.62, 5.01, n  =  91), balance MD 5.7 (95% CI: 3.50, 7.91; N = 64), and gait speed SMD (0.2 m/s; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.27; N = 100) compared with continuous aerobic training. The health-related quality of life did not differ between the groups. Compared to usual care, high-intensity interval training improved the cardiorespiratory fitness SMD (0.5 95% CI: 0.14, 0.81, n  =  239). No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

The findings of this systematic review show that high-intensity interval training was more efficient than continuous aerobic training to gain cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and gait speed in post-stroke patients. In addition, compared to usual care, high-intensity interval training improved cardiorespiratory fitness.
Fall arrest strategy training improves upper body response time compared to standard fall prevention exercise in older women: A randomized trial
Authors: Arnold Catherine M , Lanovaz Joel , Farthing Jonathan P , Legg Hayley , Weimer Melanie , Kim Soo
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Exercise can decrease fall risk in older adults but less is known about training to reduce injury risk in the event a fall is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to compare standard fall prevention exercises to novel Fall Arrest Strategy Training ( FAST); exercises designed to improve upper body capacity to reduce fall-injury risk in older women.

Method

Forty women (mean age 74.5 years) participated in either Standard (n = 19) or FAST (n = 21) twice per week for 12 weeks. Both interventions included lower body strength, balance, walking practice, agility and education. FAST added exercises designed to enhance forward landing and descent control such as upper body strengthening, speed and practice of landing and descent on outstretched hands.

Results

Both FAST and Standard significantly improved strength, mobility, balance, and fall risk factors from pre to post-intervention. There was a significant time by group interaction effect for upper body response time where FAST improved but Standard did not ( p = 0.038).

Discussion

FAST resulted in similar gains in factors that reduce fall risk as a standard fall prevention program; with the additional benefit of improving speed of arm protective responses; a factor that may help enhance landing position and reduce injury risks such as head impact during a forward fall.
Theorising victim decision making in the police response to domestic abuse
Authors: Birdsall Nathan , Boulton Laura
Published: March 2022

The paper provides a conceptual argument for the importance of understanding victim decision making in responding to cases of domestic abuse. It applies core elements of decision-making theory to illustrate how victims may undergo different forms of thinking, could be affected by bias, consider gain and loss differently, and suffer from decision inertia. Suggestions are provided on how this perspective could be used in practice to deliver a victim empowerment approach in policing. However, the paper also expresses the importance of the theory’s limitations, especially around external validity, and suggests that research across various disciplines is critical to determine whether the perspective could be placed onto an empirical footing.
An efficient, modular controller for flapping flight composing model-based and model-free components
Authors: De Avik , McGill Rebecca , Wood Robert J
Published: March 2022

We present a controller that combines model-based methods with model-free data-driven methods hierarchically, utilizing the predictive power of template models with the strengths of model-free methods to account for model error, such as due to manufacturing variability in the RoboBee, a 100 mg flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle (FWMAV). Using a large suite of numerical trials, we show that the model-predictive high-level component of the proposed controller is more performant, easier to tune, and able to stabilize more dynamic tasks than a baseline reactive controller, while the data-driven inverse dynamics controller is able to better compensate for biases arising from manufacturing variability. At the same time, the formulated controller is very computationally efficient, with the MPC implemented at 5 KHz on a Simulink embedded target, via which we empirically demonstrate controlled hovering on a RoboBee.
Anatomic variations of the anterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal veins encountered during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Chen Shanwen , Wu Yingchao , Wang Xin , Wang Pengyuan , Pan Yisheng , Liu Yucun , Jiang Yong
Published: March 2022

Objective

The vascular anatomic variations of the right colon present a challenge for colorectal surgeons. However, there have been few detailed studies of the variations in the anterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV).

Methods

We studied consecutive patients with right colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy at Peking University First Hospital (N = 117) between January 2018 and June 2021.

Results

The variations in the ASPDV were classified as type I (n = 101, (86.3%)), defined as ASPDVs draining into the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GCT); type II (n = 10, (8.5%)), defined as ASPDVs draining into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV); or type III, defined as ASPDVs draining into both the GCT and SMV. For type I, subtypes were defined according to the branching of the ASPDVs: subtype a, with one branch (n = 87, (86.1%)); subtype b, with two branches (n = 12, (11.9%)); and subtype c, with more than two branches (n = 2, (2.0%)). Type I was also subtyped according to the confluence of the ASPDV and GCT, with subtype 1 being defined by a proximal site (n = 96, 95%) and subtype 2 by a distal site (n = 5, 5.0%).

Conclusions

We have characterized the variations in ASPDVs encountered during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, which should provide a reference for colorectal surgeons.
Data-Driven Analysis of Final Separation Between Successive Landing Aircraft
Authors: Gu Yushi , Zhang Junfeng , Zhou Ming , Wang Bin
Published: March 2022

In recent years, with the development of air traffic in China, airspace resources cannot keep up with the growth of traffic demand. Therefore, enhancement of runway capacity by reducing wake turbulence separation has become a research hotspot in the air traffic management field. As there are gaps between theory and practice, many scholars are doing practical operation-based evaluations, focusing on the final separations (intervals) between two successive aircraft. However, few studies have considered the impact of different controllers and the evolution of separations over time. This paper is dedicated to analyzing the final separations between leading and trailing aircraft based on the aircraft trajectories. This study carries out the final separation analysis from static and dynamic perspectives, considering the final separations under different traffic pressures, by different controllers, and in the different segregated and mixed operations. Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (ZGGG) is taken as an experimental case. The results indicate that the final separation buffer decreases over time. Moreover, under the same high traffic pressures, the final separations could be used to compare the effectiveness of different controllers.
Green Light on Buying a Car: How Consumer Decision-Making Interacts with Environmental Attributes in the New Vehicle Purchase Process
Authors: Fujita K. Sydny , Yang Hung-Chia , Taylor Margaret , Jackman Dana
Published: March 2022

Although it is commonly understood that the average U.S. new vehicle buyer ranks price and safety above environmental attributes, a stated ranking of one shopping criterion above another is not necessarily maintained when consumers make an actual purchase decision. In fact, the distribution of shopping criteria rankings is not well understood, and it is unclear how rankings translate to the attributes of purchased vehicles. This raises several related questions: What is the distribution of shopping criteria rankings across the U.S. and how do they differ among demographic groups and purchasers of different vehicle fuel types or body styles? How do consumers weigh their purchase criteria? How does the environmental impact of a vehicle rank as a purchase criterion for U.S. new vehicle buyers, and its importance differ among gender, age, or income groups? Do purchase criteria differ for consumers who state that they value the environment? Is a consumer’s shopping criteria ranking of environmental attributes reflected in the vehicles they consider and ultimately purchase? We explore these issues using data from an extensive survey of new vehicle buyers in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (approximately 250,000 respondents per year). We broadly find the environmental criterion outranked by preference for safety and performance, but different patterns emerge across groups defined by household income, purchased vehicle fuel type, and other measures of respondent attitude toward the environment. Stated preferences for environmental attributes align with higher fuel economy and greater likelihood of electric or hybrid fuel type within considered and purchased vehicles.
Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Graft-Bone Healing of Artificial Ligaments: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Liu Xingwang , Sun Kai , Xu Pengzhi , Yu Zhongshen , Lei Zeming , Zhou Huihui , Li Jutao , Li Xi , Zhu Zhiyong , Wang Huisheng , Chen Chen , Bai Xizhuang
Published: March 2022

Background:

As many researchers have focused on promoting the graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments, even with numerous chemical coatings, identifying a biosafe, effective, and immediately usable method is still important clinically.

Purpose:

(1) To determine whether a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound system (LIPUS) promotes in vitro cell viability and osteogenic differentiation and (2) to assess the applicability and effectiveness of LIPUS in promoting the graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments in vivo.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets and grafts were randomly assigned to control and LIPUS groups. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on PET sheets. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated using a live/dead viability assay and scanning electron microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and Western blot were evaluated for osteogenic differentiation. For in vivo experiments, the effect of LIPUS was evaluated via an extra-articular graft-bone healing model in 48 rabbits: the osteointegration and new bone formation were tested by micro–computed tomography and histological staining, and the graft-bone bonding was tested by biomechanical testing.

Results:

Cell viability was significantly higher in the LIPUS group as compared with control (living and dead compared between control and LIPUS groups, P = .0489 vs P = .0489). Better adherence of cells and greater development of extracellular matrix were observed in the LIPUS group. Furthermore, LIPUS promoted alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and the protein expression of collagen 1 ( P = .0002) and osteocalcin ( P = .0006) in vitro. Micro–computed tomography revealed higher surrounding bone mass at 4 weeks and newly formed bone mass at 8 weeks in the LIPUS group ( P = .0014 and P = .0018). Histological analysis showed a narrower interface and direct graft-bone contact in the LIPUS group; the surrounding bone area at 4 weeks and the mass of newly formed bone at 4 and 8 weeks in the LIPUS group were also significantly higher as compared with control (surrounding bone, P < .0001; newly formed bone, P = .0016 at 4 weeks and P = .005 at 8 weeks). The ultimate failure load in the LIPUS group was significantly higher than in the control group ( P < .0001 at 4 weeks; P = .0008 at 8 weeks).

Conclusion:

LIPUS promoted the viability and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in vitro and enhanced the graft-bone healing of PET artificial ligament in vivo.

Clinical Relevance:

LIPUS is an effective physical stimulation to enhance graft-bone healing after artificial ligament implantation.
Arthroscopic Quantitative Measurement of Medial Clear Space for Deltoid Injury of the Ankle: A Cadaveric Comparative Study With Stress Radiography
Authors: Chiang Chao-Ching , Lin Chien-Fu Jeff , Tzeng Yun-Hsuan , Teng Ming-Hung , Yang Tzu-Cheng
Published: March 2022

Background:

The deltoid ligament (DL) is an important stabilizer of the ankle. DL injury of varying severity can occur alone or with syndesmotic injury and fibular fracture. Limited diagnostic tools are available to assess DL injury quantitatively.

Purpose:

To establish an arthroscopic quantitative assessment of DL injury and to compare its performance with that of external rotation stress (ERS) and gravity stress (GS) radiography.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In total, 24 cadaveric lower extremities were divided into 4 groups: group 1 consisted of intact DL, group 2 of superficial DL disruption, group 3 of deep DL disruption, and group 4 of complete DL (superficial and deep) disruption. All specimens underwent sequential sectioning of syndesmotic ligaments, and medial clear space (MCS) was measured with ankle arthroscopy, ERS radiography, and GS radiography at different stages of syndesmotic sectioning.

Results:

For noninjured deltoid (group 1) and injured deltoid (groups 2-4), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of measurement of MCS was 0.939 for arthroscopy, 0.932 for ERS radiography, and 0.874 for GS radiography, with a significant difference between arthroscopy and GS radiography ( P = .014). For incomplete deltoid injury (groups 1-3) and complete deltoid injury (group 4), the AUC of MCS was 0.811 for arthroscopy, 0.656 for ERS radiography, and 0.721 for GS radiography, with a significant difference between arthroscopy and ERS radiography ( P < .001) and between arthroscopy and GS radiography ( P = .035). For all stages of syndesmotic sectioning, cutoff values of arthroscopic MCS with intact fibula were ≤2.5 mm for intact DL, between 2.5 and 3.5 mm for partial DL injury (superficial or deep), and ≥3.5 mm for complete DL injury. Arthroscopy was unable to detect a difference between superficial deltoid injury (group 2) and deep deltoid injury (group 3) in partial DL injury, with a measured MCS between 2.5 and 3.5 mm. The intraclass correlation coefficient of interrater reliability was 0.975 for arthroscopy, 0.917 for ERS radiography, and 0.811 for GS radiography.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic MCS measurement can differentiate intact DL, partial DL injury, and complete DL injury. Compared with ERS and GS radiography, arthroscopic MCS measurement has greater accuracy with excellent interrater reliability.

Clinical Relevance:

For patients with suspected DL injury, arthroscopic MCS is useful for determining deltoid lesion severity based on defined cutoff values for consideration in preoperative planning to improve surgical outcomes.
Salvianolic acid B attenuates the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis by regulating MAPKs/ NF-κB signaling pathways in LDLR-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Feng Xiaoteng , Du Min , Ding Jie , Liu Ping
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the main effective water-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Sal B was explored in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced LDLR-/- mice and oxidized low-density-lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Methods: The LDLR-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups after 12 weeks of high-fat diet. Then, the mice were administrated with 0.9% saline or Sal B (25 mg/kg) or Atorvastatin (1.3 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. RAW 264.7 cells were induced with ox-LDL/LPS, or ox-LDL/LPS plus different concentrations of Sal B (1.25 μg/mL, 2.5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL), or ox-LDL plus Sal B plus MAPKs activators. ELISA was used for detecting serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines, RT-qPCR used for gene expression, Oil Red O used for plaque sizes, and immunofluorescence staining used for NF-κB p65 and TNF-α production. Inflammation-related proteins and MAPKs pathways were detected by Western Blot. Results: The results showed that Sal B decreased the levels of serum lipids (TC, TG, and LDL-C), attenuated inflammatory cytokines, and improved lipid accumulation in the aorta. Sal B also attenuated the elevation of inflammatory cytokines induced by ox-LDL or LPS in RAW264.7 cells, and the phosphorylation of MAPKs/NF-κB pathways in the aorta and RAW264.7 cells, resulting in a significant decrease in the contents of p-JNK, p-ERK 1/2, p-P38, p-IκB, and p-NF-κB p65. Conclusions: Sal B could exert anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis via MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro.
Democracy and Health in Developing Countries: New Cross-National Evidence, 1990–2016
Authors: Mejia Steven Andrew
Published: March 2022

Scholars have long investigated the factors that affect health outcomes in less-developed countries. One debate that has increasingly intensified in recent years is the democracy and health relationship in comparative international context. Scholars argue that democracy does affect country-level health outcomes in less-developed countries, while others argue democracy does not affect country-level health outcomes. I estimate the effect of numerous democracy indexes on child mortality and infant mortality in developing countries using fixed effects regression models with heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors clustered by country. I find that multiple aspects of democracy exert significant beneficial effects on child mortality and infant mortality in less-developed countries.
Chemical recycling: A critical assessment of potential process approaches
Authors: Quicker Peter , Seitz Mathias , Vogel Julia
Published: March 2022

Increased media coverage of plastic pollution in the environment and import bans on plastic waste in several countries have resulted in plastic waste becoming one of the most discussed waste streams in recent years. In the European Union (EU), only about one-third of the post-consumer plastic waste is recycled; the rest goes to energy recovery and landfilling in equal parts. In connection to the necessary increase in efforts to achieve the ambitious EU recycling targets, chemical recycling is currently receiving more and more attention. The assumption is that chemical recycling processes could open up new waste streams for recycling and generate valuable raw materials for the chemical industry. Although there exists no legal definition for chemical recycling, there is more or less agreement that it covers the conversion of plastic polymers into their monomers or chemical building blocks. Techniques such as gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction as well as solvolysis can be used for chemical recycling. So far, only few large-scale plants for chemical recycling exist worldwide. This article presents the different processes by means of examples from (formerly) running installations and their suitability for plastics recycling is assessed. However, to date, only few chemical recycling plants are in continuous operation, and further scientific evidence for the ecological and economic benefits is still necessary for final evaluation.
Industrial symbiosis in Brazil: A systematic literature review
Authors: Colpo Iliane , Martins Mario Eduardo Santos , Buzuku Shqipe , Sellitto Miguel Afonso
Published: March 2022

This study describes how industrial symbiosis is reposed in studies dealing with the Brazilian context. This study was based on a systematic literature review in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, relying on the Prisma method and a research protocol. The results embrace quantitative and qualitative aspects such as the number of publications, the territorial scope of the studies, authors and keywords networks. The sample was also segregated into three categories, theoretical works, opportunities and formed networks, reporting the presence of industrial symbiosis in Brazil in the extant literature. The main contribution of this research is to aggregate the studies already published in the international literature, demonstrate how the IS is reported and how they can be expanded in territories or business cases not yet portrayed.
Nonprofit Segregation: The Exclusion and Impact of White Nonprofit Networks
Authors: Danley Stephen , Blessett Brandi
Published: March 2022

Nonprofits in cities often exist in segregated contexts in which leadership in high-capacity nonprofits reflects the whiteness of surrounding suburbs while leadership in grassroots nonprofits reflects the makeup of residency (low-income people of color). We build upon a small but burgeoning literature that uses critical race theory to better understand whiteness and segregation in the nonprofit sector. Using ethnographic data in Camden, New Jersey (NJ), we identify three key emergent findings on the impact of a segregated nonprofit sector: (a) the sector’s segregation reflects regional, residential segregation; (b) White, suburban overrepresentation in high-capacity nonprofits leads to a defense of White, suburban interests; and (c) these dynamics contribute to economic segregation within the sector. In our conclusion, we lay out a wider theoretical discussion of how these factors are interrelated.
Intelligent vehicle longitudinal acceleration control method based on feedforward and feedback combination
Authors: Fei He , Xin Guan , Hao Jin , Chunguang Duan
Published: March 2022

This article proposes a longitudinal acceleration control method based on feedforward and feedback combination to solve the problem of the unfixed mapping relationship between longitudinal acceleration and pedal operation. The drive/brake system is normalized by steady-state compensation correction, and the closed-loop parameterized design is carried out with the principle of non-smooth optimization, so that the closed-loop control system conforms to the ideal second-order system accordingly, so that the pedal operation amount and the acceleration mapping relationship are kept consistent. At the same time, by designing a reasonable frequency bandwidth, the dynamic quality of longitudinal motion is improved. Through driving simulator-based dynamic response performance verification, mapping relationship consistency verification, and acceleration tracking control verification under different working conditions. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has good dynamic response performance and acceleration tracking control effect, and the mapping relationship between acceleration and pedal remains unchanged when the performance of automobile components is degraded.
Research on start-up characteristics of electric motor driven reversely by hydraulic pump/motor
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Liu Huanlong , Zhou Jianyi
Published: March 2022

The series electro-hydraulic hybrid powertrain can improve the power characteristics of battery rail vehicles (BRVs) while also extending battery life and increasing vehicle mileage. A novel electric motor start-up method using the hydraulic pump/motor to reversely drive the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) to restart at a speed is proposed based on the energy reverse transfer characteristics between the electric motor and hydraulic pump/motor. PID controls the reverse driving process of the hydraulic motor. The zero vector voltage (ZVV) method is used to determine the initial speed and rotor position of the motor restart at a speed. The electric motor speed control adopts the speed sensorless space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control based on the back-electromotive force (EMF) integration method. The simulation models are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim and built a special test platform. The results show that the method for controlling electric motor restart is feasible and effective. The start-up current of the electric motor is related to its initial speed. The closer the initial speed is to its target speed, the smaller its start-up current is, the faster the electric motor reaches the stable target speed.
Heat and mass transfer study of hydrocarbon based magnetic nanofluid (C1-20B) with geothermal viscosity
Authors: Sharma Kushal , Vijay Neha , Kumar Sanjay , Mehta Ruchika
Published: March 2022

The prime concern of the present investigation includes a numerical approach targeting the study of heat and mass transfer for the flow of magnetic nanofluid based on hydrocarbon (C1-20B) past a rotating porous disk taking into cognizance the various parameters present. The modelled system of equations for the unsteady flow is rendered into the dimensionless non-linear system of differential equations, via suitable transformations. The modelled system of dimensionless equations is numerically solved by MATLAB bvp4c solver. The influence of involved emerging parameters, namely permeability, viscosity variation, rotation, radiation, ferrohydrodynamic interaction, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion parameters on flow regimes has been studied and shown graphically. Moreover, numerical data of the rate of heat and mass transfer and coefficients of skin friction are also mentioned in tabular form. It is found that the tangential velocity is reduced for increasing the value of viscosity variation parameters. The fluid temperature profile shows an increment when we increase the rotation of the disk.
Sexual Violence in the Digital Age: Replicating and Augmenting Harm, Victimhood and Blame
Authors: Killean Rachel , McAlinden Anne-Marie , Dowds Eithne
Published: March 2022

This article examines some of the complexities and tensions which lie at the intersection of popular and official constructions of technology-assisted sexual violence (TA-SV). It argues that many of the core contextual understandings of victimhood and harm which underpin the cultural and legal framing of offline forms of sexual violence are not only reproduced but augmented in virtual settings. Drawing on debates from critical victimology, the article argues that TA-SV amplifies traditional understandings of ‘victim’ and ‘offender’ behaviours concerning sexual crime. In so doing, it highlights the particular challenges around: a) the ‘ideal victim’; (b) responsibilisation and blame; and c) victim-offender-bystander continuums which emerge not only within discourses on TA-SV, but also through the use of digital evidence at trial. The article concludes by examining the broader implications for academic discourses on victimhood and the challenges for legal and cultural discourses in responding to sexual violence in the digital age.
Fluconazole-Induced adrenal insufficiency following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Freyer Craig W. , Loren Alison W.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a potentially life-threatening endocrine abnormality rarely associated with azole antifungals. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) are at high risk of invasive fungal infection and frequently receive azoles. Signs and symptoms of AI, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, lethargy, and electrolyte disturbances frequently overlap with common alloHCT toxicities, such that azole-induced AI may be under-reported in this population.

Case Report

We report the first published case of azole-induced AI following alloHCT. The patient presented with orthostasis and nonspecific gastrointestinal and failure to thrive symptoms in the setting of roughly 6 weeks of fluconazole prophylaxis. The patient was found to have primary AI diagnosed via low serum cortisol and inadequate response to cosyntropin.

Management & Outcome

AI symptoms resolved with hydrocortisone supplementation and recurred upon rechallenge with fluconazole. The patient had fluconazole permanently discontinued with resolution of symptoms. We rate this case as a probable adverse drug reaction on the Naranjo scale.

Discussion

AI may be underreported and misdiagnosed in the alloHCT population given the presence of multiple toxicities with overlapping features. Clinicians must be diligent in investigating adrenal function in patients undergoing alloHCT on azole antifungals who present with symptoms of AI.
How Do Risky Behaviors and Mental Health Differ Among Students Based on Undergraduate Class Status?
Authors: Jennings Mathis Karen , Carden Holly , Tavares Alexis , Al Sanea Alia
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among undergraduate class status, risky behaviors (i.e., alcohol and marijuana use, sexual activity), life satisfaction, and ability to cope.

Methods:

Undergraduate students ( N = 2,961) completed an electronic survey to assess for mental health status and risky behaviors.

Results:

Compared with others, first-year students reported fewer days of having at least one alcoholic drink, fewer days of having five or more alcoholic drinks in a row, and less frequency of marijuana use. First-year students reported fewer sexual partners and less frequency of sexual activity compared with others. First-year students were more likely to report greater life satisfaction, being able to cope with difficult situations, and greater self-worth, compared with others.

Conclusions:

As undergraduate students progress through their academic career, they are more likely to engage in risky behaviors and experience life dissatisfaction.
Lessons Learned From a Qualitative COVID-19 Investigation Among Essential Workers With Limited English Proficiency in Southwest Kansas
Authors: Jaramillo Jahn , Moran Bradley Belen , Jentes Emily S. , Rahman Mehabuba , Sood Neha Jaggi , Weiner Judith , Marano Nina , Ahmed Farah S. , Kumar Gayathri S.
Published: March 2022

In this commentary, we briefly describe our methodology in conducting a remote qualitative investigation with essential workers from southwest Kansas, and then describe some key considerations, challenges, and lessons learned in recruiting and conducting interviews remotely. From August 4, 2020 through August 26, 2020, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff conducted five phone interviews with culturally and linguistically diverse employees in southwest Kansas to understand COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices and communication preferences. Our experience details the potential challenges of the federal government in recruiting individuals from these communities and highlights the possibilities for more effectively engaging health department and community partners to support investigation efforts. Optimizing recruitment strategies with additional participation from community partners, developing culturally and linguistically appropriate data collection tools, and providing supportive resources and services may augment participation from refugee, immigrant, and migrant (RIM) communities in similar remote investigations.