bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY PROFILING AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF EXOCARPOS LONGIFOLIUS (SANTALACEAE) EXTRACTS
Authors: Praptiwi Praptiwi , Fathoni Ahmad
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objectives of the study were to investigate phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of twigs and leaves of Exocarpos longifolius and its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity.Methods: Phytochemical screening covering saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins were carried out by standard methods. The free radical scavenging activity was performed by thin-layer chromatography - bioautography, followed by determining the IC50 values of active extracts. Chemical compounds of active extract were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that all extracts have been shown to contain tannins and terpenoids, saponins were found in the methanol extract of twigs, and alkaloids were found in the ethyl acetate extracts of twigs and leaves, while flavonoids were found in the methanol extract and ethyl acetate extracts of twigs and leaves of E. longifolius. Ethyl acetate extract of twigs showed the best of IC50 value (15.65 μg/mL), while ethyl acetate extract of leaves and methanol extract of twigs have strong free radical scavenging activity which IC50 were 78.59 and 67.24 μg/mL, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract of twigs has shown the presence of 12 identified compounds, and the main chemical compound is Stigmast-4-en-3-one (21.91%).Conclusions: The ethyl acetate extract of E. longifolius showed a very powerful free radical scavenging activity and revealed chemical compounds had been known to have biological activity. It might be used as a natural antioxidant.
AMELIORATION OF NECROSIS FORMATION IN GINGIVA BY LICORICE ROOT EXTRACT
Authors: Ss Shivanni , V Vishnu Priya , R Gayathri
Published: October 2018

Objective: Gingivitis is a reversible condition associated with a bacterial plaque that resolves in about 1 week after the reinstitution of oral hygiene procedures. If left untreated, may ultimately progress to periodontitis in a subset of individuals. The objective of the study was to evaluate the amelioration of necrosis formation in gingiva by Licorice root extract. The licorice compounds, licoricidin, and licorisoflavan A were the most effective antibacterial substances.Methods: Licorice root extract was prepared by macerating 50 g of dry powder with 100 ml of 70% (w/v) ethyl alcohol for a week. Human gingival fibroblasts were obtained from a commercial source and were maintained in serum-free fibroblast medium as recommended by the manufacturer. The cells were treated with licorice root extract (100 μg/ml) and incubated for 48 h. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated.Result: TNF-alpha levels were raised, and agglutination of CRP was observed in hepatocyte growth factor positive samples whereas after the treatment with licorice root extract the TNF-alpha levels were declined and no agglutination was seen.Conclusion: TNF and CRP levels are raised during necrosis formation. These levels are decreased when treated with licorice root extract. Thus, licorice root extract causes amelioration of necrosis formation in the gingiva.
STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF MICRONUTRIENT FOUND IN SPERAMAX® DURING PREGNANCY PERIODS ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND NEWBORN
Authors: Hamzah Sawsan S
Published: October 2018

Objective: This paper aims at evaluating the benefits of vitamins and minerals found in the Speramax® supplement and the risks to mother and infants of additional supplementation and possible adverse interactions between micronutrients in pregnancy.Method: A total of 30 male and 120 female albinos Swiss mice of 8–12 weeks of age weighing 25–35 g were used. Speramax was administrated orally for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Fertile female mice were classified into four main groups: Group 1 is spontaneously (SPO); Group 2 is administrated with SperamaxÒ only; Group 3 is treated SperamaxÒ with superovulation (SUO); and Group 4 is superovulated only without Speramax.Result: The results indicated that treatment with Speramax® showed a positive effect on neonatal development and an increase in the number of newborn SPO and SUO treated with Speramax® after 1 week and 2 weeks. The results showed high significance (p˂0.000) compared with SPO and SUO mice not treated with Speramax® and with groups treated for 4 weeks.Conclusion: Good nutrition found in Speramax® may, therefore, be especially important to this group of infants and must be instituted alongside other nutritional supplements.
A PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (SIAM WEED)
Authors: Kanase Vanita , Shaikh Sana
Published: October 2018

Chromolaena odorata is commonly known as Siam weed which belongs to sunflower family Asteraceae. C. odorata is an important medicinal plant which can be easily found in tropical Asia, West Africa, and parts of Australia. It is native to the America, and found in Florida and Texas in the United States, throughout Mexico and the Caribbean to South America. The medicinal usage of C. odorata has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. It has wide variety of ethanomedicinal and pharmacological properties. The young leaves are crushed, and the resulting liquid can be used to treat skin wounds. The leaves extract is used by the kani tribals of Kouthalai in Tirunelveli hills to cure skin diseases, poison bites, wounds, and rheumatism. Following various folk claims for the ailment of various diseases, efforts have been made by the researchers to verify the efficacy of this weed through scientific biological screenings. A study of the literature revealed some notable pharmacological activities of the shrub such as anthelmintic, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antigonorrheal, antimycobacterial, insecticidal, fungicidal, wound healing, diuretic, blood coagulation, and antibacterial. The current review is created with an intent to focus on the numerous ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological reports on C. odorata.
EVALUATION OF MUSA ACUMINATA FRUIT AS A NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT FOR TABLET FORMULATION
Authors: E Gopinath
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate a new, low-cost effective superdisintegrant from Musa acuminata fruit for tablet formulation.Methods: The study involved collection of M. acuminata fruit powdered and evaluated for physicochemical properties. Propranolol Hcl was used as a model drug for tablet formulation. Different concentrations of M. acuminatea powder were used as superdisintegrant, and orodispersible tablet is prepared and evaluated. In the present study, sodium starch glycolate was used as synthetic superdisintegrant for comparative study.Result: The powder was dark brownish and did not change throughout the study. The percentage porosity of powder was found to be 42.88% and angle of repose of was found to be 33.69°. The solubility study shows that the powders are sparingly soluble in water and disperse into individual particles. Total ash and acid insoluble ash values of powder were found to be 2.61 and 2.11% w/w, respectively. The average weight of tablets was ranged from 101.42 to 103.52 mg and averaged hardness was found to be 3.4 kg/cm2. Moreover, the tablets exhibited acceptable friability. Disintegration time of all formulations was found to be in the range of 22–80 s and wetting time was found to be 07–18 s.Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that M. acuminatea powder in the range of 2–12% can be used as superdisintegrant in orodispersible tablet formulation and shall be preferred as having nutritive value as well as cost profit in the development of orodispersible tablet than synthetic polymer.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF NOVEL MICROEMULSION-BASED SPRAY FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY OF ISOTRETINOIN
Authors: Wani Ashwini , Sanghani Chintan , Wani Swapnil
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present study aimed at the development of a suitable formulation for the treatment of acne using microemulsion-based topical spray system. In this study, we have designed and evaluated novel isotretinoin microemulsion-based spray and gel using basil oil. The rationale of work is to develop single topical formulation with multiple effects by combining effect of retinoid (prevention of comedones formation) and natural oil like basil oil (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and penetration enhancer).Methods: The optimized microemulsion-based spray comprised basil oil, Kolliphor RH40, Ethanol, and water was prepared by an aqueous titration method with the help of a ternary phase diagram. The microemulsion-based gel was prepared using Carbopol ETD 2020. The formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties. The formulations were subjected to antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus using cup plate method against hydrogen peroxide as standard. Finally, the drug released from spray and gel formulations was studied and compared to a commercially available product.Results: Isotretinoin microemulsion-spray showed highest flux (27.67±0.12 μg/cm2/h) in comparison to formulated microemulsion gel (21.81±0.103 μg/cm2/h) and conventional marketed gel (19.29±0.34 μg/cm2/h). The particle size of optimized microemulsion was found to be 68.43 nm. The results indicate that the formulated microemulsion-based spray presents a promising alternative for acne therapy.Conclusion: This mentioned delivery system presented several benefits such as photostability, better patient compliance, antibacterial activity, and good penetration into the desired skin layer when compared to in vitro diffusion of conventional gel and microemulsion-based gel.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES ON TALINUM PORTULACIFOLIUM (FORSSK.) ASCH. EX SCHWEINF.
Authors: K Hemalatha , P Abirami
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present study was undertaken to establish the micromorphological characters of Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf. belonging to the family Portulacaceae.Methods: The fresh plant parts were selected for micromorphological studies, and the air-dried plant powder was used for powder analysis as per the standard techniques [1-3].Results: Results revealed the presence of diagnostic characters like calcium oxalate crystals in the parenchyma cells of the leaf, which are druses with spiny surface that occurs in ordinary parenchyma cells. Stomata are paracytic which are present in both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf. The powder contains fragments of leaf epidermis, densely distributed stomata in laminar portions of the leaf.Conclusion: The present study provides the valuable information and also acts as pharmacognostical standards to standardize the study plant scientifically.
MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY POLYOL METHOD AND TESTING THEIR SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN THE PRESENCE OF VANCOMYCIN
Authors: D Malathy , Revathi Meyappan , M Letticia
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanorods using polyol under microwave heating method. Methods: The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible, infrared spectral studies (Fourier-transform infrared [FTIR]), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, the antibacterial activity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) protected AgNPs, against a series of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was studied. Results: From UV-visible spectroscopy studies, the growth rate of AgNPs was confirmed by measuring the change in absorbance of plasmon peak shape at different time intervals. FTIR spectroscopy studies showed the changes in the metal and the capping agents. SEM and TEM images revealed that very stable colloidal solutions of AgNPs with almost spherical and rod shape along with high monodispersity can be obtained with PEG protected AgNPs. Finally, the antibacterial activity of PEG protected AgNPs was investigated, which showed a synergistic role for the AgNPs along with vancomycin. Conclusion: Uniform and stable polymer protected AgNPs were synthesized using ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and PEG as reducing agent in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Js Thaslima Nandhini , G Savitha Basker , V Vishnupriya
Published: October 2018

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disease condition characterized by truncal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance. An excessive circulating uric acid (UA) level even within normal range is always comorbid with metabolic syndrome and its components. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and serum UA level.Methods: A total of 60 subjects were divided into two groups of healthy (30 individuals) and metabolic syndrome patients (30 individuals) from dental outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected in the plain collection tubes and centrifuged, and then serum was separated. Then, the serum was used to analyze the fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides (TGLs), and serum UA by GOD-POD, enzymatic colorimetric, and uricase method, respectively. A statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Mean body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), TGL, and UA level of control group were 23.36±1.81, 84.45±13.1, 110.9±22.6, and 3.48±1.21 respectively. Mean BMI, FBS, TGL, and UA level of study group were 35.24±3.04, 122.85±23.3, 212.1±39.6 and 9.08±2.63 respectively. There is a significant difference between these two groups with p<0.0001.Conclusion: This study showed that those individuals with metabolic syndrome have higher UA level that indicates hyperuricemia which is a significant predictor of metabolic syndrome.
MECHANISTIC ROLE OF VARUNA (CRATAEVA NURVALA) EXTRACT ON THYROID GLAND AND ITS HISTOLOGY THROUGH IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES
Authors: Kaur Arshvir , Verma Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2018

Objective: Crataeva nurvala (CN) is used for its therapeutic effects, but its effect on the thyroid gland in euthyroid conditions and mechanism behind its thyrotropic activity in hypothyroidism is still not explored. This study screened the pharmacological effect of the ethanolic extract of the bark of CN on thyroid hormones, free and total thyroxine (FT4 and T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and thyroid histology in normal Swiss albino female mice.Methods: Eighteen animals of 28–33 g were segregated into three groups: Group I treated with vehicle (NOR+VEH), Group II administered CN 400 mg/kg (NOR+CN 400), and Group III given CN 600 mg/kg (NOR+CN 600), for 15 days, per os (p.o.). The variation in the T4, FT4, T3, and TSH levels was recorded using ELISA, 24 h after the last dose, and T3/T4 ratio thus calculated along with the histopathological studies of the thyroid gland.Results: The findings were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean, using one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s post-tests to compare all columns with the control. NOR+CN 600 has shown thyroid protective effect through retaining euthyroid profile, normal T3/T4 ratio, and near-normal histology. However, NOR+CN 400 had shown the significant decline in T3/T4 ratio and pathological changes in thyroid histology, in comparison with the control and NOR+VEH group.Conclusion: The higher dose of CN was found to sustain the euthyroid levels through retention of iodothyronine deiodinases activity, facilitating the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, and in retaining normal histoarchitecture of the thyroid gland in contrary to a lower dose.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS L. GROWING IN MOROCCO AND ITS IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL BACTERIA RESPONSIBLE FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
Authors: El Kamari Fatima , Taroq Amal , Atki Yassine El , Aouam Imane , Lyoussi Badiaa , Abdellaoui Abdelfattah
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) essential oils against some bacteria causing nosocomial infections in the neonatal and intensive care rooms at the university hospital center of Fez Morocco. Methods: The phytochemical screening of essential oils was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analysis. The antibacterial test was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) using disc diffusion method. Results: Twenty-nine components were identified in the fruits’ oil representing 93.1% of total oil. The major components in the fruits oil are 1,8-cineole (11.6%), α-thujene (9.3%), phyllocladene (8.2%), α-pinene (7.9%), caryophyllene (5.9%), and cubenol (5%). Furthermore, 28 components were identified in the leaf essential oil. The main component was caryophyllene (9.5%), followed by 1,8-cineole (8.7%), manoyl oxide (7.3%), eugenyl acetate (7.1%), phyllocladene (6.8%), and α-pinene (5.2%). Antibacterial activity of both oils showed a strong activity against nosocomial bacteria tested. Conclusion: Essential oils of Moroccan VAC could be exploited as natural drugs for bacteria, especially those who have acquired resistance to conventional antibiotics.
EVALUATION OF ADENOIDS BY ORONASAL AND NASAL SPIROMETRY
Authors: R Gayatri Devi , G Sethu
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The main aim of this study is to compare the oronasal and nasal spirometry among adenoid hypertrophy children before and after surgery.Methods: A total of 40 healthy and 40 adenoid hypertrophy children were recruited for this study with the age range from 6 to 15 years. All the children were examined by two measurements (1) oronasal spirometry and (2) nasal spirometry. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1), FEV 1/FVC%, forced expiratory time (FET), peak expiratory flow rate, peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), and forced expiratory flow (FEF)25-75, FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, FIF25%, FIF50%, and FIF75% were recorded.Results: All the parameters were significantly reduced in adenoid hypertrophy by nasal spirometry when compared to oronasal spirometry. FEV1/ FVC% was insignificant from oral to nasal values among adenoid hypertrophy in both the sexes. FET can act as an indicator for upper airway obstruction which shown significantly in adenoid hypertrophy but insignificant among control and adenoidectomy. Inspiratory parameters also had shown more variation in nasal than oronasal spirometry.Conclusion: Significant differences were found in many parameters between oronasal and nasal spirometry among adenoids and adenoidectomy. Nasal spirometry is a portable one, simple, and less cost-effective and so it can be used to determine the obstruction in the nose nasopharynx region.
COLLECTION, IDENTIFICATION, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NON-GILLED MUSHROOMS COLLECTED FROM NORTH WESTERN HIMALAYAS
Authors: Singh Shaveta , Tripathi Astha
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of present research deals with collection, taxonomic, molecular taxonomy characterization, and antioxidant activity of wild non-gilled mushrooms sample collected from North Western Himalayas.Methods: The wild non-gilled mushroom samples were characterized for micro, morphological properties, and molecular identification. 1,1 diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and free radical scavenging assay were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of selected wild non-gilled mushrooms.Results: The obtained results revealed that on the basis of microscopic and morphological identification all the four non-gilled mushrooms samples were tentatively identified as 2/15 (Auricularia sp.1), 6/15 (Auricularia sp.2), 32/15 (Ganoderma sp.), and 132/15 (Trametes sp.). The colony, mycelial, and basidiospore morphology of fungal isolate were evidence of Basidiomycetes family. All these four non-gilled mushrooms were sequenced. Sequences were submitted to National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and their accession number was MF770159 (2/15), MF774107 (6/15), MF770158 (32/15), and MF770160 (132/15). The phylogenetic analysis of 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (18S rDNA) sequence of four non-gilled mushrooms was compared with other species and identified as Auricularia polytricha, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula-judae, and Trametes elegans. The four non-gilled mushrooms extract exhibited DPPH, NO2, and H2O2 free radical scavenging activities. G. lucidum methanolic extract has the highest effect on free radicals in comparison to hexane effect.Conclusion: All the isolated four non-gilled mushrooms showed good antioxidant potential, and it can be concluded that these mushrooms are not only consumed but also have a wide range of medicinal properties which must further explode for future use.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF C-KIT IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA PATIENTS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATIONS
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy Jayalalitha , Shyamsundar Vidyarani , Shanmugam Subbiah , Mani Jagadeesan G , Hari Rajeswary
Published: October 2018

Objective: The study was designed to evaluate the C-Kit expression and also to assess the relationship with various clinicopathological characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.Methods: A total number of 102 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded retrospective tissue samples were collected, in which (n =84) were histologically confirmed for OSCC, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) (n=9), and control group (n=10) and studied immunohistochemically. The baseline characters and the correlation between the protein expression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier Survival Method.Results: OSCC exhibited C-Kit protein expression positivity of 6% and OED with 11.11% with no expression of this protein in control patients. Overall survival analysis showed that patients with negative expression had a better survival than patients with positive expression. However, we found that expression pattern of C-kit did not correlate with various clinicopathological characteristics.Conclusion: Vast amount of study has to be still performed to under the mechanism of OSCC in C-KIT Expression to enhance the prognosis of OSCC patients in the near future.
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VITAL STATICS OF ADULTS AMONG URBAN, SEMIURBAN, RURAL AREAS OF UTTARAKHAND
Authors: Thapliyal Vinita , Singh Karuna , Joshi Anil
Published: October 2018

Objective: India is in the affirmed phase of evolution and transition, demographic, economic, epidemiological, and nutrition transition. Moreover, all these transitions are leading non-communicable diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its association with vital statics of adults among urban, semiurban, rural areas of Sub-Himalayan Region.Methods: A cross sectional community based study was done, using WHO step questionnaire. A survey was conducted in urban, semi urban, Rural areas of Uttrakhand, to make a sample size of 300 adults (18-45yr), 100 from each zone. Blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) of the participants was calculated. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the sample population based on systolic BP, 61.3% were non-hypertensives, 29.7% were pre-hypertensives, and 9% were hypertensives. Based on diastolic BP, 43.3% were non-hypertensives, 32.7% were pre-hypertensives, and 24% were hypertensives. Participants with hypertension and pre-hypertension have higher BMI and waist circumference.Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of pre-hypertension and hypertension was depicted in urban, semiurban, and rural areas of the sub-Himalayan region. 4.8% of the female participants had systolic high blood pressure compared to the 11.9% of the male participants. On the other hand, 21.8% of the female participants had diastolic high blood pressure compared to the over 25% of the male participants. Dehradun has the highest rates of high blood pressure while Rudraprayag has the lowest. BMI was significantly correlated with systolic BP in Dehradun adults (p<0.05). Diastolic BP was significantly positively correlated with age and BMI in Dehradun adults (p<0.05). Age was positively significantly correlated with pulse rate in Dehradun and Uttarkashi adults (p<0.05). In Rudraprayag adults, weight was significantly positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic BP (p<0.05). No other correlations were seen in anthropometry and vital statistics of Rudraprayag or Uttarkashi adults (p>0.05).
Cuspal Flexure and Stress in Restored Teeth Caused by Amalgam Expansion
Authors: Danley BT , Hamilton BN , Tantbirojn D , Goldstein RE , Versluis A
Published: October 2018

Objective:

Cracks in amalgam-filled teeth may be related to amalgam expansion. This study measured cuspal flexure and used finite element analysis to assess associated stress levels in amalgam-filled teeth.

Methods and Materials:

External surfaces of 18 extracted molars were scanned in three dimensions. Nine molars were restored with mesio-occluso-distal amalgam fillings; the other teeth were left intact as controls. All teeth were stored in saline and scanned after two, four, and eight weeks. Cuspal flexure and restoration expansion were determined by calculating the difference between scanned surfaces. Stresses in a flexed tooth were calculated using finite element analysis.

Results:

Cusps of amalgam-filled teeth flexed outward approximately 3 μm, and restoration surfaces expanded 4 to 8 μm during storage. Cuspal flexure was significantly higher in the amalgam group (multivariate tests, p<0.05), but storage time had no significant effect (repeated measures, p>0.05). Expansion caused stress concentrations at the cavity line angles. These stress concentrations increased stresses due to mastication 44% to 178%.

Conclusions:

Amalgam expansion pushed cavity walls outward, which created stress concentrations at the cavity line angles. Expansion stresses can raise stresses in amalgam-filled teeth and contribute to incidentally observed cracks.
MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ANAK MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL
Authors: Fajrin Oktaviastuti Awalia
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Changes that occur today is akbiat of shifting children's activities in play, nowadays children prefer to play using digital games such as playing games online in cybercaf� or on the phone. Traditional games are increasingly displaced and forgotten by the increasingly modern and sophisticated technology. Yet the impact of playing video games is very alarming, causing the learning achievement of children to decline, making children forget everything, and a more severe to make children fall into crime. For that traditional game must be returned again because it can cause positive impact for children, and meciptakan the next generation of the nation with superior character.Keywords: online games addiction, traditional child games, character formation
Motivating Salespeople to Sell New Products: What Makes Them Try Harder to Spur on Sales?
Authors:   MIR Editors
Published: October 2018

Product innovation has become increasingly important as a means for ensuring a competitive advantage, growth and financial success in today’s ultracompetitive business environment. To build a competitive advantage, pay off development and start-up costs and to generate cash, it is desirable to be successful from the start. In B2B markets, in particular, the sales force plays a key role in making sales grow quickly and generating cash to fuel further growth. It is therefore in companies’ interest to support their sales force as effectively as possible to enable them to fulfill this key task.
According to a study on the sales of two different innovations at a global industrial company, the recipe for high sales performance is fairly straightforward: if salespeople are willing to try harder, their higher levels of effort lead to higher performance. But the simplest and most frequently used attempt to motivate is not the most effective: producing considerable management attention and promotion opportunities for salespeople who meet and exceed established expectations both show limited success. Rather, increased sales are facilitated by an approach that builds on the principle of intrinsic motivation. If management puts emphasis on increasing the inherent attractiveness of selling the new product, as well as on increasing a salesperson’s belief in his or her ability to sell the product, the positive impact on sales is stronger.
Therefore, managers should apply normative incentives judiciously. For better new product performance, it seems more advisable to treat salespeople as the first “customers” and reinforce a positive attitude towards the task in early selling attempts.
Decrease Level Of Candida Albicans in Children with The Practice of “Pure Honey” Oral Hygiene
Authors: Alfiyanti Dera , Hidayanti Titi Nur
Published: October 2018

Background: Oral hygiene is an act of cleansing the entire area of the mouth, including teeth and gums to avoid infection. Purpose of hygiene to reduce dental plaque, reduce risk of oral cavity, eliminate tooth decay, gum, improve comfort in child.. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of oral hygiene using 30% pure honey to the number of candida albicans in hospitalized children. Method: This study was a quasy experiment pre and post test with control group design. The data were analyzed with paired t-test dan independent paired samples t-test. The population of this study was all hospitalized children. The sample size is determined by purposive sampling technique, with a sample size of 20 (10 children were intervention group, 10 children were control group). Result: Mean number of candida pre test  of 38.90 CFU / ml and post test A total of 27.40 CFU / ml. The result of statistical test of separate parametric test in pairs of t-test p value of 0.001 (α = 0,05), so it can be concluded that there is oral hygiene effect using 30% pure honey to number of candida albicans child's mouth. Discussion: Hospitalized children were high risk population of nosocomial infection. There were many source of secondary infection such as infection by candida albicans. The recommendation of this research is that all children treated in hospital are done orally hygiene by using 30% pure honey
Nurse’s Health Education in Families of Pediatric Surgical Clients
Authors: Naviati Elsa , Sudarmiati Sari
Published: October 2018

Health education is one important component in caring for children with surgical cases. Health education is done to clients and families as an intervention of various nursing problems that appear both pre and post surgery. This study aims to find out how the implementation of health education provided by nurses to families of child surgical clients. This research method is descriptive qualitative phenomenology by using in-depth interview. The number of participants was 5 nurses. The amount is determined after the researchers assume that the research data saturated. The research produced five themes: preoperative health education, postoperative health education, postoperative nutrition, surgical wound care and post operative post pain. The health education provided by the majority nurses is physical. Psychosocial should also be a topic in health education provided by nurses to clients of children and their families.
Bathing Neonatal in Bimanese Tradition and Its Implication Toward Health
Authors: Wulandari Ade , Haris Abdul
Published: October 2018

Background: Child care practices and parenting are still influenced by some habits that are considered as the basic needs of individuals or groups called cultures. An interesting phenomenon is the practice of newborn care by Bimanese by following tradition that is inherited from generation to generation. These child care practices include self-care hygiene of newborns, known as Kandeu Li, i. Kandeu Li'i is the tradition of bathing the baby for a long time, even the child gets shiver and cyanosis. Objective: to get a description of the tradition of self-care of newborns by Bimanese. Methods: data were obtained through descriptive study conducted in the working area in the Asakota Public Health Service  of Bima City on 25 families who were taking care of newborns encountered in the research period. Data collection was carried out by interview and observation method. Result: Observation results showed that 80% of respondents soaked the baby more than 10 minutes when the baby was bathed, 84% of the respondents did an additional tradition after the baby was bathed. The results of the interviews revealed that the majority of respondents said they follow the tradition of bathing the baby from inherited tradition and the reason of the respondent soaked the baby and did an additional tradition after bathing is to make baby can sleep more soundly and not easily surprised. Conclusion: Tradition and beliefs of most Bimanese about the newborn's self-care hygiene has high risk and harmful for the health and safety of the baby. Suggestion: As part of a professional health worker, the nurse needs to conduct home visits for families who will have babies to prepare parenting skills.
СИСТЕМНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССА ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РЕГИОНА
Authors: Дохолян Сергей Владимировна , Петросянц Виктор Завенович , Джамбулатова Анай Зайдиновна , Эминова Эльнара Мигажидиновна
Published: October 2018

Цель работы. На основе использования системного подхода к организации процесса воспроизводства ресурсного потенциала сельского хозяйства региона рассмотреть влияние факторов, которые обеспечивают воспроизводство ресурсного потенциала аграрной сферы региона и систему пропорций воспроизводства ресурсного потенциала в сельском хозяйстве. Метод или методология проведения работы. Основой данной работы являются фундаментальные труды отечественных и зарубежных учёных в области экономики сельского хозяйства, оценки и прогнозирования тенденций развития ресурсного потенциала аграрного сектора экономики региона. В основе исследования с целью обосновать теоретико-методические положения и выводы применены принципы системного подхода, общенаучные логические приемы и методы исследования. Результаты. При несовершенном воспроизводстве составляющих действующего механизма воспроизводства РП, когда плодородие почвы снижается, а степень износа техники увеличивается и теряется трудоспособность и квалификация рабочей силы, этот механизм воспроизводства РП работает неэффективно. А, для того чтобы обеспечить эффективное воспроизводство РП сельского хозяйства, надо иметь ориентиры, которые надо достичь для обеспечения оптимизации воспроизводственных процессов. Таким образом, воспроизводственные процессы в агропромышленной отрасли являются сбалансированными только при достижении целевых ориентиров. Существует много различных факторов, находящихся в тесной взаимосвязи и существенно влияющих друг на друга, которые серьёзно влияют на процесс воспроизводства РП. Исследования показали, что факторы, влияющие на воспроизводство РП, можно разделить на следующие группы: природно-климатическая, финансовая, информационная, кадровая, управленческая и инновационная. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при разработке программных документов в области развития ресурсного потенциала аграрного сектора экономики. Выводы. Пропорции воспроизводства ресурсного потенциала в сельском хозяйстве представляет собой важный инструмент управления воспроизводственными процессами. С их помощью можно дать оценку состоянию воспроизводственных процессов, определить эффективность воспроизводства ресурсного потенциала в целом. Предложенная классификация воспроизводственных пропорций в сельском хозяйстве может быть использована при стратегическом планировании развития агропромышленного комплекса.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ РЕГИОНА В УСЛОВИЯХ РЫНОЧНЫХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЙ
Authors: Гасанов Магомед Алиевич
Published: October 2018

Цель работы. В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы развития производственно-отраслевой инфраструктуры региона в условиях рыночных преобразований. Освещаются особенности и приоритеты структурных преобразований в данной подотрасли субъектов Северо-Кавказского федерального округа. Повысить связанность территории региона за счет современных инфраструктуры и коммуникации. Достижение этой цели должно стать ключевым ориентиром устойчивого функционирования производственной инфраструктуры. С учетом этого сформированы основные направления развития экономики производственно-информатизационной инфраструктуры региона. Метод или методология проведения работы. Проведен социально-экономический анализ развития производственно-информатизационной инфраструктуры региона. Основой исследования являются фундаментальные труды отечественных и зарубежных учёных в области экономики дорожно-транспортной инфраструктуры. В ходе исследования использованы экономико-статистические виды анализа, позволяющие выработать концептуальные подходы к устойчивому развитию производственно-отраслевой инфраструктуры субъектов СКФО. Результаты. Научно-практические результаты исследования могут быть использованы при прогнозировании структурных составляющих производственной и информационно-коммуникационной инфраструктуры страны и ее регионов. Среди этих приоритетных направлений предложено ускорить разработку законодательно-правовой и нормативной базы, усовершенствовать в соответствии с новыми хозяйственными условиями эффективный механизм и структуру управления производственной инфраструктурой. Разработаны методические подходы к реализации инновационной стратегии, предусматривающие эффективное использование георесурсов как важнейшего условия устойчивого развития экономики отраслевой инфраструктуры региона; определены приоритетные направления совершенствования управления отраслевой инфраструктуры в условиях рыночных преобразований. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть применены при прогнозировании и анализе структурных составляющих производственно-информатизационной инфраструктуры страны и ее регионов, а также региональными органами управления для разработки и реализации инвестиционных программ устойчивого функционирования транспортной инфраструктуры. В связи с этим поиски резервов управления и повышения эффективности предприятий региона в условиях структуризации экономики представляет особый теоретический и методологический интерес для науки, а также имеют практическое значение. Выводы. По результатам исследований сделан вывод, практическое использование концепции автора будет способствовать: ускорению рыночных преобразований в отраслях производственно-информатизационной инфраструктуры, созданию благоприятных условий для развития бизнеса, повышению эффективности работы предприятий отрасли, сбалансированному развитию различных видов инфраструктуры, экспорта инфраструктурных услуг и др.
РАЗВИТИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ: ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОМ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ
Authors: Иманов Рафаил Арифович , Пономарева Светлана Васильевна , Серебрянский Даниил Игоревич
Published: October 2018

Цель научной статьи. На базе проведенных исследований в области развития цифровой экономики, авторами предполагается выявить степень вовлечения отечественных компаний в сферы разработки искусственного интеллекта и нейронных сетей, а также их применение в передовых промышленных предприятиях. Методология проведённого исследования. В статье были использованы следующие методы научного познания материалов исследования: анализ, синтез и моделирование. Результаты исследований. В статье представлена модель схемы разработки искусственного интеллекта на основе отсеков чипа (программного обеспечения). В данную модель вошла система сетевой и информационной безопасности, технология распознавания лиц, поддержка системы «чат-бот», технология самосовершенствования, кибербезопасность (т.е. реализация мер по защите систем, сетей и программных приложений от цифровых атак), а также программное обеспечение для внедрения и применения искусственного интеллекта. Авторами исследуются степень технологического развития и оснащения Российской Федерации. Анализируется применение отечественных разработок в области искусственного интеллекта в промышленной сфере экономики и инжиниринга. Область применения. В статье особенно отмечены три эвентуальных области применения технологий на базе внедрения искусственного интеллекта с инженерной точки зрения: геологоразведка, добыча полезных ископаемых и их стратегической планирование. Выводы. На современном этапе научно-технического развития отечественных предприятий необходимо продолжить исследования в области применения искусственного интеллекта и нейронных сетей.
Determination of the concentration of Ce, La, Sm and Eu in a phosphogypsum stack, in Imbituba city, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Borges Renata Coura , Marques Letícia Mombrini , Mahler Cláudio Fernando , Bernedo Alfredo Victor Bellido
Published: October 2018

Phosphate fertilizer industry produces phosphoric acid from phosphate rocks, and as a byproduct, it produces phosphogypsum, also known as agricultural gypsum. This material was stock an open-air stacks near the producing units. In order to determine levels of rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum stacks, located in Imbituba, Brazil. Samples of 1000 grams of phosphogypsum were collected in nine different points in stack 1. The concentration of rare-earth elements was determined through neutron activation analysis and results indicate significant values of rare earth elements in the phosphogypsum from Imbituba, when compared to the values of the Earth’s crust.
Harezm-Kıpçak Döneminde Arapça İle Türkçeyi Buluşturan Sözlükler: ez-Zemahşerî'nin Mukaddimetu’l-Edeb'i Örneği
Authors: DERELİ Muhammet Vehbi
Published: October 2018

Yabancılara
Türkçe öğretiminin tarihi çok eskilere dayanır. Türklerin İslam'a girmesi ile
birlikte bu iki dili bir araya getiren özgün sözlükler hazırlanmıştır. Büyük ölçüde Arap sözlük
hazırlama ekolleri temeline dayanan Türk sözlükçülüğünün
kuruluşu asıl olarak Karahanlılar dönemine rastlamaktadır. Kaşgarlı Mahmud, Ebû İbrahim el-Fârâbî’nin Dîvânu’l-Edeb’de uyguladığı kalıp ve uyak ekolünü geliştirerek, ilk
Türk sözlükçülüğü ekolünü kurmuştur. Ancak Kaşgarlı’nın başlattığı anlayışın
sürdürülememesi, Türk sözlükçülük tarihi açısından büyük eksikliktir. Ondan
sonra, bu alanında onun kurduğu ekolden habersiz olarak Harezm ve Kıpçak sahasında
Türk ve Arap bilginlerce Türk dilini öğrenmek ve öğretmek amacıyla çeşitli
tarzlarda sözlükler oluşturulmuştur. Bunlardan biri de ez-Zemahşerî'nin Mukaddimetul-Edeb’idir.

Sözlüğün
müellifi Mahmud b. Ömer el-Harezmî ez-Zemahşerî, 467/1075 yılında bugün
Özbekistan topraklarında bulunan Harezm’in Zemahşer kasabasında doğmuştur. Arap
asıllı olmamasına rağmen, Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı, Tefsir ve Fıkıh gibi
alanlarda önemli eserler veren bir dilci ve kelamcıdır. Arap ve Türk sözlükçülüğü
açısından da kendisine çok şey borçlu olduğumuz bir bilgindir. Esâsu'l-Belâğa adlı Arapça lugati
hazırlayan müellif, Arapça öğrenmek isteyen
Harzemşahlar Devleti
Hükümdarı Atsız
b. Muhammed için de Mukaddimetu'l-Edeb’i kaleme
almıştır.
Bu, onun Türkçe yazılmış tek
eseridir. Arapça pratik bir sözlük niteliğinde
olan eserin ez-Zemahşerî
tarafından yazılmış nüshası şu ana kadar bulunamamıştır. Arapça-Farsça-Türkçe yazma
nüshaları çoktur ve dünyanın çeşitli kütüphanelerinde
bulunmaktadır. Dönemin söz varlığının tespiti
açısından adeta bir hazine olan bu pratik sözlük,
isimler, fiiller,
harfler, isim ve fiil çekimleri olmak üzere beş bölüme
ayrılır. Onda Orta Asya Türklerinin hayat teşkilatını ve
genel anlamda Türklerin devlet varlığına dair işaretler bulmak mümkündür. Bu
bakımdan onun Divânu Lugâti’t-Türk’e nispetle daha
orijinal olduğu yorumlarına dahi rastlanmaktadır.
Meryem'e Müjde Sahnesinde Meryem'in Kirmeni, Kırmızı ve Mor Yünü Üzerine Görüşler
Authors: DEMİR Hatice
Published: October 2018

Hıristiyan resim sanatında
oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olan Meryem’e Müjde Sahnesi, hem Kanonik hem de
Apokrif kaynaklı olması bakımından önemlidir. Kanonik İncillerde, sahne ile
ilgili olarak ayrıntılı bilgi verilmezken, sahnenin hemen hemen tüm ikonografik
elemanları ile ilgili bilgileri, Apokrif kaynaklardan elde ederiz. Bunlar
içerisinde sahne ile ilgili olarak en ayrıntılı
bilgiyi 2. yüzyılda yazılmış olan Yakobus’un Protoevangelium’u
verir. Çalışma konusunu oluşturan Meryem’in kırmızı/mor yünü ve kirmeni de Protoevangelium
kaynaklıdır. Müjde sahnesi iki episoddan oluşması bakımından önemlidir. İlk
Müjde; kuyu başında gerçekleşirken, ikinci Müjde ise Meryem’in Evinde
gerçekleşmiştir. Bu bağlamda Meryem’e Evinde Müjde konumuz adına önemlidir.
Çünkü sahnede; Gabriel Meryem’e İsa’yı müjdelemek için geldiğinde, elindeki
kirmeni ile kırmızı/mor yününü örmektedir. Kırmızı ve mor bir renk olarak
birçok ikonografik gönderme içermektedir. İsa’nın eti ve kemiği ile özdeşleşen
rengin ikonografik geçmişini etkileyen birçok etken vardır.

Hıristiyan resim sanatında, Müjde sahnesi
kapsamında, Meryem’in kirmeni ikonografisini etkileyen birçok unsur vardır.

Bunlar içerisinde, Mezopotamya ve Yunan
pantheonu oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu bağlamda her iki coğrafyadaki
Ana Tanrıça kültleri, dini ritüeller, sosyal yaşam, soyluluk, hanedan mensubu
olmak gibi geniş yelpazede birçok etken her iki rengin ikonografik gelişim
sürecini desteklemiştir.  Bu çalışmada,
Müjde sahnesinde oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olan mor ve kırmızı rengin
ikonografik bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. İki rengin ikonografik
değerlendirilmesi yapılırken, Mezopotamya ve Yunan kültür çevrelerinden çeşitli
örneklendirilmelere gidilmiştir. Bu örneklendirmeler arasında Meryem sadece Ana
Tanrıçalar ile değil, Havva ile de kıyaslanmıştır.
Impact of Electronic Competence Based Teaching in Higher Education
Authors: SHABANİ İsak , HALİLAJ Fatos , REXHA Blerim
Published: October 2018

In the beginning of Bologna’s
process and creation of European Higher Education Area (EHEA), great importance
has been to the transparency, increase of quality and concurrency between
institutions of higher education. Nowadays, hot topic in higher education
institutions in Europe are real-time learning outcomes, they are analyzed,
projected and are evaluated today in all Europe and abroad. Traditional models
and methods of success expression in learning and the degree of qualification
is substituted with modern online systems. This paper proposes best practices
for competence based teaching in higher education by using eCompetence
software. The way these competences are organized, activities which are related
to these competences and course contents which will help us to continuously
evaluate students and prepare them for the labor market. Our results suggest
that by implementing competence based teaching system in university evaluation
and competence gaining would be more productive and would better prepare students
for labor market. Consequently, this paper draws attention on provision of
implementation of such a system in higher education by providing competence
matrix, a competence software, and evaluation process.