bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in some Haematological Parameters in Patients with Plasmodiasis Attending Antenatal Clinic in Primary Health Care Centre, Ozuoba, Port Harcourt
Authors: Echonwere-Uwikor B.E. , Chukwuigwe-Igbere O.E. , Chukwu P.H. , Uwikor F.K. , Aleruchi-Didia T.N. , Gogo B.
Published: March 2022

Introdction: Haematological parameters are useful in making diagnosis of diseases and also help in the antenatal assessment of women during pregnancy. The physiological changes of pregnancy, due to the influence of hormones such as oestrogen, progesterone also affect haematological indices when compared with the non-pregnant state.

Aim: The study investigated haematological indices in pregnant women with plasmodiasis attending antenatal clinics in Primary health care centre Ozuoba, Port Harcourt.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study, which recruited a total of one hundred (100) subjects, of which (40) were non parasitized pregnant women who served as control, while (60) were parasitized pregnant women who served as test. The samples were analyzed for haematological parameters using (Sysmex XP-300), while microscopy was used to investigated for the presence of malaria parasite.

Result: Comparing the hematological parameters of the study population at different level of plasmodiasis, showed that WBC, and Neutrophil were significant with p-Value of 0.001 and 0.0089 respectively at P<0.05.

The other haematological parameters such as, Red Blood Cell, Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Cell Volume, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, Mean CellHaemoglobin Concentration, Platelet, Plateletcrit, Neutrophils, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil showed no statistical significant difference at p<0.05. While comparison of the haematological parameters of the study group according to parity showed that WBC count had statistical significance with a p-Value of 0.0035 at p<0.05.

Conclusion: Findings from this study has shown that there was statistical significant difference in the white blood cell count of malaria-parasitized pregnant subject. It was further revealed that there was no statistical significant difference in the other haematological parameters. The reason for the pattern of result obtained is that some of the pregnant women may have been receiving prophylactic antimalarial drugs before their recruitment, this will in turn minimize the impact of malaria infection on some haematological parameters.
Aqueous Hypoestes rosea Leaf extract Ameliorates Lead-Acetate-Induced Thyroid Hormones Disruption in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Uwikor F. K. , Echonwere-Uwikor B. E. , Chukwuigwe-Igbere O. E. , Bamigbowu O. E.
Published: March 2022

Aim: To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Hypoestes rosea (AEHR) leaf extract on thyroid hormones in lead-acetate-induced Albino Rats.

Study design: Experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, University of Port Harcourt and Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt, between October, 2019 and March, 2020.

Methodology: A total of 140 albino Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into 26 groups (6 post-treatment and 6 pre-treatment groups for female rats and the same number for male rats). Each group contained 5 rats for both sexes in both pre- and post-treatments groups, except the positive control groups that had 10 animals for both sexes. The study was carried out for 21 days in each sex. The negative control groups received rat feed only, the extract control (EC) group received 100mg/kg bwt/day for 21 days, the positive control (PC) group received 60mg/kg b.wt per day of lead acetate for 7 days. The other 3 groups received 100mgkg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg b.wt respectively for 14 days either as pre-treatment or post treatment, for both sexes of the albino rats. At the end of the experimental periods, the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and samples were taken through the jugular vein. Thyroid hormone levels (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4)) were estimated using the Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1 and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The results showed that the administration of lead acetate in male and female rats caused significant (p<0.05) fall in the levels of TSH, fT3 and fT4. The plant in a dose dependent pattern was able to significantly (p<0.05), reverse the effect of lead acetate in the post treatment phase and also protect the endocrine system from the deleterious effect of lead acetate in the pre-treatment phase.

Conclusion: This study shows that the consumption of AEHR by albino rats could help protect the endocrine system against endocrine disruptors.
The Physiological Aspect of Backbending Asana's
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Sharma Rashi , Pegu Biju
Published: March 2022

The Hathyogic Asanas are the preparatory limbs for spiritual awakening, but they are also an essential health science. True, practicing Asanas takes more time and work for a long-term and beneficial effect, but it is a very potent and effective therapy.

The numerous organs and systems in the physical body each have their own function to fulfill, but there should be total coordination between them, which is achieved via the practice of Hathyogic Asanas. Asanas serve to control psychosomatic disorders by improving physiological efficiency, anatomic balance, and mental poise and equilibrium in the body.

It was employed by yogis and rishis in ancient times for the relief and elimination of all kinds of ailments and faults, and it was only recently recognized that asana are more powerful and effective techniques of managing the entire body. Hathyogic asana has been the subject of scientific research and investigations for the past three decades, proving that it offers biological benefits. In this study we have used a literature survey method on the basis of different yogic texts to find out the actual effect of back bending asana.
A Case Report on Diagnostic Evaluation and Management of Chikungunya
Authors: Sheikh Alfiya , Dhole Pallavi , Pathade Aniket , Pande P. S.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Chikungunya virus is spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos, which are found throughout the Asian, European, African, and American continents. Infection with the Chikungunya virus is spread via mosquitoes. (CHIKV). Fever and arthralgia are the most common symptoms. The same mosquitos that cause Chikungunya also spread Dengue and Zika viruses, and there have been occurrences of coinfections. To tackle the infection, there is currently no vaccine or specific therapy available. The goal of treatment is to reduce the severity of the disease's symptoms.

Patient Information: A 33-year-old male was admitted to AVBR hospital with a chief complaint of fever, & severe joint pain for 3 days, headache, muscle pain, nausea & vomiting.

Main Symptoms:  He has the chief complaint of fever, & severe joint pain for 3 days, headache, muscle pain, Nausea & vomiting after careful history collection, physical examination, Complete blood count, RBS, CT scan, MRI Etc. my patient diagnoses as chikungunya.

Medical Management: Patient was provided with the medication as prescribed by the doctor. Among the major drugs are antipyretics, analgesics such as Tab. Paracetamol, Tab. acetaminophen, Tab. Emset.

Nursing Perspectives: After diagnosis, the patient’s vital signs are monitored hourly as medications are administered as per doctor’s prescription, maintaining the IV fluid 4 hourly with a concise record of an intake and output chart.

Conclusion: Patient’s health condition improved following early diagnosis and timely treatment of infection.
Designing and Development of a Nursing Care Plan Based on Johnson’s Behavioural Model in Patient with Carcinoma of Larynx: A Case study
Authors: Jose Neethu , Ravi Ramya Kundayi , Sebastian Sheeja
Published: March 2022

Background: Behavioural model can be very easily applied in the clinical settings and nurses will be able to design and implement an appropriate nursing care planning using Johnson’s behaviour model in patients with carcinoma of larynx.

Aim: The aim of this paper was to investigate the application clinical function of Johnson’s Behavioural model in a patient with carcinoma of Larynx in a clinical setting.

Methodology: This is a case study, in which nursing process has been used in accordance with the Johnson’s Behavioural model applied in Mr.X who is affected with cancer of Larynx.

Result: After implementing Johnson’s Behaviour model in nursing process, the researcher achieved the goal easily. This case study was a very successful on application of Johnson’s Behaviour model.

Conclusion: Johnson’s behaviour model is related to a person’s environment and can be used in a clinical setting as a frame work for identifying the problems of a patient and helps in evaluating the quality of nursing care. The patient who has been studied in this paper reveals the application of Johnson’s Behaviour model in a clinical setting.
QbD Approach: A Framework for Integrating Quality into Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Kharb Monika , Rathore Kamal Singh
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The traditional development processes use a quality by testing (QbT) approach that needs continuous testing to determine quality. Such processes are fixed, averse to change, and focus only on process reproducibility. This approach does not allow variation in material and process controls. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional process, regulatory bodies have issued guidelines for the industries to improve the understanding of the process and the quality of the product. It aims to shift from traditional process QbT to a scientific approach quality by design (QbD) to assure product quality in the pharmaceutical industry.

Methodology: Articles related to QbD published in many search engines such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed were reviewed.

Review Findings: In order to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical products, regulatory bodies have emphasized on the implementation of QbD. For this, various guidelines have been published from time to time. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has started to apply the principles of QbD. Implementation of QbD develops a detailed understanding of the manufacturing process. The design space is achieved by QbD within which the expected quality is achieved even with changes in process parameters.

Conclusion: In short, the QbD approach is a great tool for assuring pharmaceutical product quality and better understanding of the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is imperative to have a successful implementation of the QbD approach.
Perceptions of Self-Directed Learning among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Institutes in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Richard Bella , Arif Shireen , Ghouri Aftab , Khan Abdul Rehman , Sajid Sohail , Jokhio Faiza
Published: March 2022

Background: Nursing is a profession where theory and skills runs vice-versa but advancement and new technology increasing challenges for professionals, to update their-selves for which they required to use self-directed learning (SDL). The SDL has become a key concept in nursing education and is considered as an essential as learning of skill for nursing students and nurses to keep them motivated for lifelong learning,

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the readiness level of nursing students regarding self-directed learning (SDL) currently studying in the BSN program in private nursing institutes.

Study Design:

Method:  This study used the descriptive cross-sectional study design.

Place and Duration of the Study: Study performed in three institutes of nursing, in Karachi, Pakistan, in duration between May to October 2019.

Methodology: 384 BS Nursing students of I- IV year were selected by stratified random sampling technique, 203 were females and 181 males participated. Mostly (200) aged between 26-30. The data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire focused on self-directed learning.

Result: Out of 384, 200 (52%) participants were between 26-30 years of age, 203 (52.8%) were females. The participants were belong from three different institutes and enrolled in BSN with the year I, II, III, IV. The 324 (84.3%) participants showed a high level of SDL, which indicates effective SDL abilities in students. All the sub-categories like awareness, evaluation, interpersonal skills, learning strategies, and learning activities were applied ANOVA; major difference observed in all sub-categories and participants’ age and total score with age group with P-value = .05.

Conclusion: There is no difference in male and female learning abilities. SDL may enhance confidence and empowerment among students. SDL can be equally beneficial in education and clinical area. To increase SDL, various considerations are required like teacher’s role, involvement in curriculum, and other professional or academic bodies that can bring learner-oriented positive teaching-learning environment; hence effective learning strategies can enhance the use of SDL.
Pattern of Injuries in Genito-Anal Area in Cases of Sexual Assault: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Aslam Nadia , Memon Abrar Ul Hasnain , Memon Haya Afzal , Kumar Pardeep , Rajper Sultan , Parveen Asiya
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the pattern of injuries in the genito-anal area in cases of sexual assault

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical and Health sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from June 2020 to July 2021

Methodology: A total of 96 victims of assault, who survived rape, were incorporated. The victims were from all groups of ages. All the patients considered in this study were both male and female. All of them had reported the case to the police and community.

Results: There were 84.5% cases of penile-anal penetration, 76% of penile-oral penetrate and 48% of assault victims presented with ano-genital bleeding. Most of the cases of sexual assault considered in this study were not completely investigated previously.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the most common pattern of injury after sexual assault was penile-anal penetration. Penile-oral penetration was the second most common injury. Nothing can undo whatever a sexual assault victim has to go through but catching and punishing the perpetrator is a necessary step. Genital injuries are not proof of a sexual assault. A sexual assault does not necessarily leave the genital area injured.
Development and Evaluation of Ceftazidime Loaded Microemulsion for Parenteral Drug Delivery System
Authors: Hatwar Bhushan , Jain Ashish , Singhaii Akhilesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

The goal of this study was to develop a parenteral microemulsion formulation of Ceftazidime antibiotics. The ceftazidime sparingly soluble in organic solvent like ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide were determined. For biological experiment, organic solvent- free aqueous solutions of ceftazidime (hydrate) are prepared by directly dissolving the crystalline compound in aqueous buffer. The peudo ternary phase diagrams of oil, surfactant, cosurfactants (Butanol/ Isopropyl alcohol mixture) and water were constructed to identify boundaries for microemulsion existence. Ceftazidime microemulsion particle size, solution viscosity and conductivity were evaluated. The microemulsion stability and haemolytic activity were examined after dilution in 5% dextrose solution for injection to 1 mg/mL ceftazidime. In vitro haemolysis studies indicated that Ceftazidime microemulsions were well tolerated by erythrocytes. The novel microemulsion formulation of Ceftazidime was developed that is suitable for parenteral administration. This new formulation could potentially have less vehicle-associated side effects that current commercial formulation of Ceftazidime based on Cremophor® EL and isopropyl alcohol solution.
Angioid Streaks and Systemic Pathologies: Is This Association Always There?
Authors: Miguel Thiago Sande , Miguel Vinicius Sande , Costa Daniel Almeida Da , Pereira Maurício Bastos
Published: March 2022

Aims :To describe Angioid Streaks and Systemic Pathologies

Presentation of Case: T.A.N., male, 32 years old, lawyer, born in Rio de Janeiro, attends the routine ophthalmologic appointment without specific ophthalmologic complaints.

In her previous pathological history, he claims not to have systemic comorbidities. Denies diabetes, eye trauma, previous eye surgeries and any eye pathologies. Denies previous ophthalmologic procedures, daily use of eye drops and family members with a history of glaucoma.

Discussion: The patient in the report, up to the time of the consultation, claimed not to be aware of any systemic pathology and did not present any ocular complaints, not even knowing the findings of his fundus examination. Systemic associations should always be considered when diagnosing Angioid Streaks on funduscopy. Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum must have their follow-up done in parallel with the dermatology service. Patients with hemoglobinopathies should be immediately referred for diagnostic clarification with the medical clinic team

Conclusions: It is essential that specialists are familiarized with the peculiar appearance , their potential to produce retinal and subretinal complications and, especially, remember that this finding in funduscopy can be unique without being associated with systemic diseases.
Improving autonomous vehicle in‐traffic safety using learning‐based action governor
Authors: Han Kyoungseok , Li Nan , Tseng Eric , Filev Dimitar , Kolmanovsky Ilya , Girard Anouck
Published: March 2022

TheAction Governor (AG)is a supervisory scheme augmenting a nominal control system in order to enhance the system's safety and performance. It acts as an action filter, monitoring the action commands generated by the nominal control policy and adjusting the ones that might lead to undesirable system behavior. In this article, we present an approach based on learning to developing an AG for autonomous vehicle (AV) decision policies to improve their safety for operating in mixed‐autonomy traffic (i.e., traffic involving both AVs and human‐operated vehicles (HVs)). To achieve this, we demonstrate that it is possible to train the AG in a traffic simulator that is capable of representing in‐traffic interactions among AVs and HVs. We illustrate the effectiveness of this learning‐based AG approach to improving AV in‐traffic safety through simulation case studies.
Photoinduced Multi‐Bit Nonvolatile Memory Based on a van der Waals Heterostructure with a 2D‐Perovskite Floating Gate
Authors: Lai Haojie , Zhou Yang , Zhou Huabin , Zhang Ning , Ding Xidong , Liu Pengyi , Wang Xiaomu , Xie Weiguang
Published: March 2022

The development of floating‐gate nonvolatile memory (FGNVM) is limited by the charge storage, retention and transfer ability of the charge‐trapping layer. Here, it is demonstrated that due to the unique alternate inorganic/organic chain structure and superior optical sensitivity, an insulating 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite (2D‐RPP) layer can function both as an excellent charge‐storage layer and a photosensitive layer. Optoelectronic memory composed of a MoS2/hBN/2D‐RPP (MBR) van der Waals heterostructure is demonstrated. The MBR device exhibits unique light‐controlled charge‐storage characteristics, with maximum memory window up to 92 V, high on/off ratio of 104, negligible degeneration over 103 s, >1000 program/erase cycles, and write speed of 500 µs. Dependent on the initial states, the MBR optoelectronic memory can be programmed in both positive photoconductivity (PPC) and negative photoconductivity (NPC) modes, with up to 11 and 22 distinct resistance states, respectively. The optical program power for each bit is as low as 36/10 pJ for PPC/NPC. The results not only reveal the potential of 2D‐RPP as a superior charge‐storage medium in floating‐gate memory, but also provides an effective strategy toward fast, low‐power and stable optical multi‐bit storage and neuromorphic computing.
Roles of MXene in Pressure Sensing: Preparation, Composite Structure Design, and Mechanism
Authors: Lei Dandan , Liu Nishuang , Su Tuoyi , Zhang Qixiang , Wang Luoxin , Ren Ziqi , Gao Yihua
Published: March 2022

Flexible pressure sensors are one of the most important components in the fields of electronic skin (e‐skin), robotics, and health monitoring. However, the application of pressure sensors in practice is still difficult and expensive due to the limited sensing properties and complex manufacturing process. The emergence of MXene, a red‐hot member of the 2D nanomaterials, has brought a brand‐new breakthrough for pressure sensing. Ti3C2Tx is the most popular studied MXene in the field of pressure sensing and shows good mechanical, electrical properties, excellent hydrophilicity, and extensive modifiability. It will ameliorate the properties of the sensitive layer and electrode layer of the pressure sensor, and further apply pressure sensing to many fields, such as e‐skin flexibility. Herein, the preparation technologies, antioxidant methods, and properties of MXene are summarized. The design of MXene‐based microstructures is introduced, including hydrogels, aerogels, foam, fabrics, and composite nanofibers. The mechanisms of MXene pressure sensors are further broached, including piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and potentiometric transduction mechanism. Moreover, the integration of multiple devices is reviewed. Finally, the chance and challenge of pressure sensors improved by MXene smart materials in future e‐skin and the Internet of Things are prospected.
Unveiling the Interaction Mechanisms of Electron and X‐ray Radiation with Halide Perovskite Semiconductors using Scanning Nanoprobe Diffraction
Authors: Ferrer Orri Jordi , Doherty Tiarnan A.S. , Johnstone Duncan , Collins Sean M. , Simons Hugh , Midgley Paul A. , Ducati Caterina , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: March 2022

The interaction of high‐energy electrons and X‐ray photons with beam‐sensitive semiconductors such as halide perovskites is essential for the characterization and understanding of these optoelectronic materials. Using nanoprobe diffraction techniques, which can investigate physical properties on the nanoscale, studies of the interaction of electron and X‐ray radiation with state‐of‐the‐art (FA0.79MA0.16Cs0.05)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 hybrid halide perovskite films (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium) are performed, tracking the changes in the local crystal structure as a function of fluence using scanning electron diffraction and synchrotron nano X‐ray diffraction techniques. Perovskite grains are identified, from which additional reflections, corresponding to PbBr2, appear as a crystalline degradation phase after fluences of 200 e− Å−2. These changes are concomitant with the formation of small PbI2 crystallites at the adjacent high‐angle grain boundaries, with the formation of pinholes, and with a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic. A similar degradation pathway is caused by photon irradiation in nano‐X‐ray diffraction, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. This approach explores the radiation limits of these materials and provides a description of the degradation pathways on the nanoscale. Addressing high‐angle grain boundaries will be critical for the further improvement of halide polycrystalline film stability, especially for applications vulnerable to high‐energy radiation such as space photovoltaics.
Introducing Metal–Organic Nanotubes to Derive High‐Density Bimetal Alloy Nanoparticles Supported on Nanorods for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Luo Hao , Lin Cong , Zhou Hongbin , Zhao Yajun , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Dawei , Yu Yan
Published: March 2022

Oxygen electrolysis is the key component of lithium–oxygen batteries, which require highly active cathode catalysts to reduce cathode polarization and improve cycling stability, while metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived carbon‐based materials have aroused great interest as alternatives to noble‐metal oxygen electrocatalysts. Herein, a single‐walled metal–organic nanotube (MONT), Ni(II)(C6H7NO6)(H2O), with a novel crystal structure, is synthesized and doped with cobalt to be used as precursors to produce the uniformly distributed high‐density NiCo alloy nanoparticles, which are encapsulated by the graphitized N‐doped carbon (NiCo@NC) and supported on the nanorods based on the structural and morphological characteristics of the MONT precursor. Benefited from the uniformly distributed high‐density catalytic active sites, bimetal alloy composition, and excellent mass transfer structure, the as‐derived NiCo@NC catalyst endows the assembled lithium–oxygen battery with a low overpotential of 0.98 V, a high discharge capacity of 12 477 mAh g–1, and more importantly, the excellent cycling stability of over 800 h. These findings demonstrate the potential of this superb catalyst in high‐performance lithium–oxygen batteries and diverse energy conversion and storage devices.
Tumor Derived Extracellular Vesicles Drive T Cell Exhaustion in Tumor Microenvironment through Sphingosine Mediated Signaling and Impacting Immunotherapy Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Gupta Prachi , Kadamberi Ishaque Pulikkal , Mittal Sonam , Tsaih Shirng‐Wern , George Jasmine , Kumar Sudhir , Vijayan Dileep K. , Geethadevi Anjali , Parashar Deepak , Topchyan Paytsar , McAlarnen Lindsey , Volkman Brian F , Cui Weiguo , Zhang Kam Y. J. , Di Vizio Dolores , Chaluvally‐Raghavan Pradeep , Pradeep Sunila
Published: March 2022

SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase‐1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), is found to be highly expressed in solid tumors. Here, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are identified as the key transporters of SPHK1 to the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, SPHK1‐packaged EVs elevate S1P levels in the tumor microenvironment, where S1P appears as an immunosuppressive agent. However, the exact mechanism of how S1P mediates its immunosuppressive effects in cancer is not understood. It is investigated that S1P can induce T cell exhaustion. S1P can also upregulate programmed death ligand‐1 (PDL‐1) expression through E2F1‐mediated transcription. Notably, an SPHK1 inhibitor PF543 improves T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, combining PF543 with an anti‐PD‐1 antibody reduces tumor burden and metastasis more effectively than PF543 alone in vivo. These data demonstrate a previously unrecognized mechanism of how SPHK1‐packaged EVs contribute to the progression of ovarian cancer and thus present the potential clinical application of inhibiting SPHK1/S1P signaling to improve immune checkpoint blockage (anti‐PD‐1 antibody) therapy in ovarian cancer.
Hierarchical Network Enabled Flexible Textile Pressure Sensor with Ultrabroad Response Range and High‐Temperature Resistance
Authors: Jia Meiling , Yi Chenghan , Han Yankun , Wang Lei , Li Xin , Xu Guoliang , He Ke , Li Nianci , Hou Yuxin , Wang Zhongguo , Zhu Yuanhao , Zhang Yuanao , Hu Mingzhu , Sun Ran , Tong Peifei , Yang Jiawei , Hu Yougen , Wang Zhixun , Li Weimin , Li Wenjie , Wei Lei , Yang Chunlei , Chen Ming
Published: March 2022

Thin, lightweight, and flexible textile pressure sensors with the ability to detect the full range of faint pressure (<100 Pa), low pressure (≈KPa) and high pressure (≈MPa) are in significant demand to meet the requirements for applications in daily activities and more meaningfully in some harsh environments, such as high temperature and high pressure. However, it is still a significant challenge to fulfill these requirements simultaneously in a single pressure sensor. Herein, a high‐performance pressure sensor enabled by polyimide fiber fabric with functionalized carbon‐nanotube (PI/FCNT) is obtained via a facile electrophoretic deposition (EPD) approach. High‐density FCNT is evenly wrapped and chemically bonded to the fiber surface during the EPD process, forming a conductive hierarchical fiber/FCNT matrix. Benefiting from the large compressible region of PI fiber fabric, abundant yet firm contacting points and high elastic modulus of both PI and CNT, the proposed pressure sensor can be customized and modulated to achieve both an ultra‐broad sensing range, long‐term stability and high‐temperature resistance. Thanks to these merits, the proposed pressure sensor could monitor the human physiological information, detect tiny and extremely high pressure, can be integrated into an intelligent mechanical hand to detect the contact force under high‐temperature.
Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Assembled in Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Stable Blue Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tsai Hsinhan , Huang Hsin‐Hsiang , Watt John , Hou Cheng‐Hung , Strzalka Joseph , Shyue Jing‐Jong , Wang Leeyih , Nie Wanyi
Published: March 2022

All inorganic cesium lead trihalide nanocrystals are promising light emitters for bright light emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, CsPb(BrCl)1.5 nanocrystals in metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) thin films are demonstrated to achieve bright and stable blue LEDs. The lead metal nodes in the MOF thin film react with Cs‐halide salts, resulting in 10–20 nm nanocrystals. This is revealed by X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Employing the CsPbX3‐MOF thin films as emission layers, bright deep blue and sky‐blue LEDs are demonstrated that emit at 452 and 476 nm respectively. The maximum external quantum efficiencies of these devices are 0.72% for deep blue LEDs and 5.6% for sky blue LEDs. More importantly, the device can maintain 50% of its original electroluminescence (T50) for 2.23 h when driving at 4.2 V. Detailed optical spectroscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy suggest that the ion migration can be suppressed that maintains the emission brightness and spectra. The study provides a new route for fabricating stable blue light emitting diodes with all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals.
Biallelic variants in TTC21B as a rare cause of early‐onset arterial hypertension and tubuloglomerular kidney disease
Authors: Olinger Eric , Phakdeekitcharoen Pran , Caliskan Yasar , Orr Sarah , Mabillard Holly , Pickles Charles , Tse Yincent , Wood Katrina ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Sayer John A.
Published: March 2022

Monogenic disorders of the kidney typically affect either the glomerular or tubulointerstitial compartment producing a distinct set of clinical phenotypes. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), for instance, is characterized by glomerular scarring with proteinuria and hypertension while nephronophthisis (NPHP) is associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, salt wasting, and low‐ to normal blood pressure. For both diseases, an expanding number of non‐overlapping genes with roles in glomerular filtration or primary cilium homeostasis, respectively, have been identified. TTC21B, encoding IFT139, however has been associated with disorders of both the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartment, and linked with defective podocyte cytoskeleton and ciliary transport, respectively. Starting from a case report of extreme early‐onset hypertension, proteinuria, and progressive kidney disease, as well as data from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project, we illustrate here the difficulties in assigning this mixed phenotype to the correct genetic diagnosis. Careful literature review supports the notion that biallelic, often hypomorph, missense variants in TTC21B are commonly associated with early‐onset hypertension and histological features of both FSGS and NPHP. Increased clinical recognition of this mixed glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease with often mild or absent features of a typical ciliopathy as well as inclusion of TTC21B on gene panels for early‐onset arterial hypertension might shorten the diagnostic odyssey for patients affected by this rare tubuloglomerular kidney disease.
Regional cerebral hypometabolism on 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan in delirium is independent of acute illness and dementia
Authors: Nitchingham Anita , Pereira Jarett Vanz‐Brian , Wegner Eva A. , Oxenham Vincent , Close Jacqueline , Caplan Gideon A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Delirium is associated with new onset dementia and accelerated cognitive decline; however, its pathophysiology remains unknown. Cerebral glucose metabolism previously seen in delirium may have been attributable to acute illness and/or dementia. We aimed to statistically map cerebral glucose metabolism attributable to delirium.

Methods

We assessed cerebral glucose metabolism using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in sick, older patients with and without delirium, all without clinical dementia (N = 20). Strict exclusion criteria were adopted to minimize the effect of established confounders on FDG‐PET.

Results

Patients with delirium demonstrated hypometabolism in the bilateral thalami and right superior frontal, right posterior cingulate, right infero‐lateral anterior temporal, and left superior parietal cortices. Regional hypometabolism correlated with delirium severity and performance on neuropsychological testing.

Discussion

In patients with acute illness but without clinical dementia, delirium is accompanied by regional cerebral hypometabolism. While some hypometabolic regions may represent preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), thalamic hypometabolism is atypical of AD and consistent with the clinical features that are unique to delirium.
Incidence, morbidity, mortality and disparities in dementia: A population linked electronic health records study of 4.3 million individuals
Authors: Chung Sheng‐Chia , Providencia Rui , Sofat Reecha , Pujades‐Rodriguez Mar , Torralbo Ana , Fatemifar Ghazaleh , Fitzpatrick Natalie K. , Taylor Julie , Li Ken , Dale Caroline , Rossor Martin , Acosta‐Mena Dionisio , Whittaker John , Denaxas Spiros
Published: March 2022

Introduction

We report dementia incidence, comorbidities, reasons for health‐care visits, mortality, causes of death, and examined dementia patterns by relative deprivation in the UK.

Method

A longitudinal cohort analysis of linked electronic health records from 4.3 million people in the UK was conducted to investigate dementia incidence and mortality. Reasons for hospitalization and causes of death were compared in individuals with and without dementia.

Results

From 1998 to 2016 we observed 145,319 (3.1%) individuals with incident dementia. Repeated hospitalizations among senior adults for infection, unknown morbidity, and multiple primary care visits for chronic pain were observed prior to dementia diagnosis. Multiple long‐term conditions are present in half of the individuals at the time of diagnosis. Individuals living in high deprivation areas had higher dementia incidence and high fatality.

Discussion

There is a considerable disparity of dementia that informs priorities of prevention and provision of patient care.
Nicht‐immunsuppressive Cyclophilin‐Inhibitoren
Authors: Schiene‐Fischer Cordelia , Fischer Gunter , Braun Manfred
Published: March 2022

Cyclophiline, Enzyme mit einer Peptidyl‐Prolyl‐cis/trans‐Isomerase‐Aktivität, sind für eine Vielzahl biologischer Prozesse von Bedeutung. Das am häufigsten vorkommende Mitglied dieser Enzymfamilie, Cyclophilin A, ist der zelluläre Rezeptor des Immunsuppressivums Cyclosporin A (CsA). Aufgrund der pathophysiologischen Rolle der Cyclophiline, insbesondere bei Virusinfektionen, besteht ein breites Interesse an der Inhibierung von Cyclophilinen ohne immunsuppressive Wirkung. In diesem Überblick wird zunächst eine Einführung in die physiologische und pathophysiologische Rolle der Cyclophiline gegeben. Die Präsentation der nicht‐immunsuppressiven Cyclophilin‐Inhibitoren beginnt mit Wirkstoffen, die auf chemischen Modifikationen von CsA basieren. Die makrocyclischen, natürlich vorkommenden Sanglifehrine wurden zu einer weiteren Leitstruktur für Cyclophilin‐inhibierende Wirkstoffe. Schließlich werden de novo entwickelte Verbindungen vorgestellt, deren Strukturen nicht von Naturstoffen abgeleitet oder durch sie inspiriert sind. Es werden relevante synthetische Konzepte erörtert, jedoch liegt auch ein Schwerpunkt auf biochemischen Untersuchungen, Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen und klinischen Studien.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed (4+1) Cycloaddition between Benzocyclobutenones and Styrene‐Type Alkenes
Authors: Ochi Shusuke , Zhang Zining , Xia Ying , Dong Guangbin
Published: March 2022

Herein, we describe a unique one‐carbon ring‐expansion strategy to access multi‐substituted 2‐indanones from benzocyclobutenones and styrene‐type olefins. The use of a cationic “ligandless” rhodium catalyst was the key for both high reactivity and selectivity towards the (4+1) product. Broad functional group tolerance, a good substrate scope, and scalability have been demonstrated. Computation studies reveal that the origin of the (4+1) selectivity is due to a facile β‐H elimination pathway that reduces the overall barrier of the turnover‐limiting C−C reductive elimination step.
Nickel supported on magnetic biochar as a highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of spirooxindole‐dihydropyridines
Authors: Dong Li‐Na , Wang Ya‐Meng , Zhang Wan‐Lu , Mo Li‐Ping , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: March 2022

Magnetic materials show promising applications in heterogeneous catalysis because of their ease of separation and good reusability. The present work reports the design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel magnetic biochar supported nickel catalyst. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction technology (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques were used for analyzing the prepared catalyst. The prepared catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for synthesis of spirooxindole‐dihydropyridines derivatives by a one‐pot three‐component reaction of isatin, barbituric acid, and 6‐amino uracil or 1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine. This new methodology demonstrated some important features, including high yields, lower loading of the catalyst, easy work‐up, and recyclability of the catalyst for a minimum of six times without an obvious decay of catalytic performance.
Silver‐catalysed A3‐coupling reactions in phenylacetic acid/alkylamineN‐oxide eutectic mixture under dielectric heating: An alternative approach to propargylamines
Authors: Brambilla Elisa , Bortolla Alison , Pirovano Valentina , Caselli Alessandro , Tiecco Matteo , Abbiati Giorgio
Published: March 2022

The development of alternative benign reaction conditions to perform multicomponent reactions is an interesting and desirable strategy to increase the sustainability of organic synthesis. In this paper, we report a new version of A3‐coupling MCR for the preparation of differently substituted propargylamines starting from aldehydes, alkynes and amines in an acidic DES as reaction media, under dielectric heating, and in the presence of a tetraaza‐macrocyclic silver complex as catalyst. The reaction scope is broad in terms of aldehyde partners. Electron‐rich phenylacetylenes are the more reactive alkynes partners, whereas the nature of the amine is the more serious limitation as only secondary cyclic amines are tolerated.
Construction of solvent resistance O‐PASS@UiO‐66‐NH2/O‐PASS composite membrane for methylene blue removal
Authors: Wu Xibin , Wei Zhimei , Yang Jie , Zhang Gang , Long Shengru , Wang Xiaojun
Published: March 2022

The purification of dye wastewater plays a critical role in water pollution treatment. Adsorption is a cheap and effective separation technology but is limited by the reuse of adsorption materials. Ultrafiltration membranes have a relatively high flux but their pores are too large to reject small dye molecules. In this study, negatively charged oxidized poly (arylene sulfide sulfone) (O‐PASS) membrane, NMP pretreatment oxidized O‐PASS (N‐O‐PASS) membrane, and O‐PASS@UiO‐66‐NH2/O‐PASS composite membranes were fabricated to retain cationic methylene blue (MB) from wastewater by combining ultrafiltration and adsorption techniques. The increased porosity of the N‐O‐PASS membrane provides more available adsorption sites for an equilibrium MB adsorption amount of 22.5 (mg g−1) and 100% rejection in the first 10 min during ultrafiltration with a pure water flux of 162.32 (L m−2 h−1 bar−1). Due to the enhanced hydrophilicity and separating property by deposited UiO‐66‐NH2 particles and PASS resin, O‐PASS@UiO‐66‐NH2/O‐PASS composite membrane shows a flux of 170.32 (L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and a 100% MB rejection in 60 min with great reusability. The O‐PASS@UiO‐66‐NH2/O‐PASS composite membrane is a new promising membrane for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Meanwhile, the superior solvent resistance endows it great adaptability in wide applications, especially in harsh conditions.
Polyester/polyvinyl butyral/zirconium carbide multifunctional composite yarn with high photothermal conversion capacity
Authors: Jin Xinya , Li Wenbin , Ke Guizhen
Published: March 2022

A novel composite yarn was prepared by simple sizing coating using polyester (PET) as core yarn and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and zirconium carbide (ZrC) suspension as slurry. The scanning electron microscope results revealed the core–shell structure of the composite yarn and ZrC particles deposited on surface coating successfully. The maximum near‐infrared absorption rate of the fabric made of PET/PVB/ZrC composite yarn reached 96.42%. The test showed that when exposed to infrared light (dominant wavelength 950 nm), the surface temperature of the composite yarn rose more quickly than that of pure PET yarn. The photothermal conversion property of the composite yarn reached the best when PET yarn was treated in 4 wt% PVB solution with 5 wt% ZrC content. The composite yarn also exhibited good light‐to‐heat performance in real environment. In addition, PVB/ZrC coating provided the composite yarn excellent ultraviolet (UV) protection (UPF 50+) and produced little effect on thermal stability. Durability tests of PET/5%PVB/4%ZrC composite yarn verified pretty good washing resistance of near‐infrared absorption and UV protection properties of the composite yarn. This work provides a simple and economical method for preparing multifunctional composite yarn.
Exposure of individual harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and waters surrounding protected habitats to acoustic deterrent noise from aquaculture
Authors: Findlay Charlotte R. , Hastie Gordon D. , Farcas Adrian , Merchant Nathan D. , Risch Denise , Wilson Ben
Published: March 2022

Pinniped depredation at aquaculture sites is a globally recognized problem. To mitigate depredation, the aquaculture sector uses acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) as a non‐lethal alternative to shooting pinnipeds interacting with caged finfish. However, it is unclear whether sound emissions from ADDs have the potential to also impact non‐target pinnipeds at spatial scales relevant to populations.

Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data from seven harbour seals tagged in a non‐aquaculture context, on the west coast of Scotland, in 2017 were combined with modelled maps of ADD noise to quantify sound exposure and estimate the potential for auditory impairment. The acoustic model applied an energy flux approach across the main frequency range of ADDs (2–40 kHz). Predictions of temporary and permanent auditory threshold shifts were made using seal location data and published noise exposure criteria. The acoustic exposure of waters (10‐km buffers) surrounding protected habitats (i.e. designated haul outs and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs)) on the west coast of Scotland was also assessed.

All tagged seals and waters surrounding 51 of 56 protected sites were predicted to be exposed to ADD noise exceeding median ambient sound levels. Temporary auditory impairment was predicted to occur in one of the seven tagged harbour seals and across 1.7% of waters surrounding protected habitats over a 24‐hour period, when assuming a 100% ADD duty cycle.

Although the predicted risk of auditory impairment appears to be relatively low, these findings suggest that harbour seals inhabiting inshore waters off western Scotland are routinely exposed to ADD noise that exceeds median ambient sound levels. This chronic exposure risks negative consequences for individual harbour seals among the wider population in this region. The use of ADDs to mitigate pinniped depredation should be carefully considered to reduce unintended habitat‐wide impacts on non‐target species, including pinnipeds that are not specifically interacting with aquaculture.
The relationship between body mass index and postoperative delirium
Authors: Deng Xiyuan , Qin Peijuan , Lin Yanan , Tao He , Liu Fanghao , Lin Xu , Wang Bin , Bi Yanlin
Published: March 2022

Purpose

We aimed to investigate the relevance of body mass index (BMI) to postoperative delirium (POD), and to test whether the influences of BMI on POD were mediated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.

Patients and methods

Our study recruited 682 and 761 cognitively intact individuals from the perioperative neurocognitive disorder risk factor and prognosis (PNDRFAP) study and the perioperative neurocognitive disorder and biomarker lifestyle (PNDABLE) study, respectively. The incidence of POD was evaluated by using Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), and POD severity was measured by using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and POD. The levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐tau in preoperative CSF were measured by enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA) in the PNDABLE study. Mediation analysis with 5000 bootstrapped iterations was used to explore the mediation effects.

Results

In the PNDRFAP study, the incidence of POD was 16.3%, with logistic regression analysis showing that BMI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.900, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.823–0.985, p = .022) is a protective factor of POD. In the PNDABLE study, the incidence of POD was 18.7%, and regression analysis confirmed that BMI (OR = 0.832, 95% CI 0.761–0.910, p < .001) is a protective factor of POD, while T‐tau (OR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003–1.006, p < .001) and P‐tau (OR = 1.037, 95% CI 1.024–1.050, p < .001) were risk factors of POD. Mediation analyses revealed that the association between BMI and POD was partially mediated by T‐tau (proportion: 36%) and P‐tau (proportion: 24%).

Conclusion

Higher BMI mediated protective effects on POD through CSF biomarkers (T‐tau and P‐tau).
Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros muelleri
Authors: Ramos Daniela Fernandes , Bartolomeu Halicki Priscila Cristina , da Silva Canielles Caprara Carolina , Borges Pedro , da R. M.D'Oca Caroline , de Fátima C. Santos Maria , D'Oca Marcelo G. M. , Roselet Fabio , Almeida da Silva Pedro Eduardo , Abreu Paulo Cesar
Published: March 2022

Microalgae, due to its rapid growth, low nutritional requirements, and versatility of adaptation to different environmental conditions, has aroused the biotechnological interest, synthesizing novel molecules with antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. In this sense, we carried out the bioprospection of Chaetoceros muelleri, a marine diatom employed in aquaculture, as a candidate to the development of new drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. The chemical profile of extracts in different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone) were analyzed by 1H‐NMR. The hexane extract was the most active against all bacteria species tested, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 μg/ml. Contrarily, the methanol extract was inactive against all tested microorganisms and, in addition, was the only one with IC50 >800 μg/mL, showing no cytotoxicity in VERO cell lines. All other extracts showed antibacterial potential and IC50 values varying between 267.58 and 142.47 μg/ml. The fact that C. muelleri is a microalga easily grown on bioreactors on a large scale may promote its biotechnological use, especially as scaffolds for the development of new compounds against bacterial species of clinical and public health interest.