bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problèmes de mobilité : l'étude des familles rurales à partir des listes nominatives
Authors: Papy Michel
Published: March 2016

Quand on dispose pour une même commune d'une longue suite de listes nominatives de recensement, il est possible d'étudier la continuité familiale dans le cadre de la maison. Un tel travail ne peut s'appliquer qu'aux communes rurales, du fait de leur petite taille comme du pourcentage relativement élevé des familles demeurant dans la même maison au travers des générations.

On dresse d'abord un tableau pour chaque famille, adapté des méthodes connues d'élaboration des fiches de famille. Sur cette base est ensuite dressé un tableau communal, qui donne une vision globale et suggestive de certains aspects de la mobilité. En lecture horizontale il permet de distinguer divers types de familles, et en lecture verticale de discerner diverses époques.

Les données des tableaux — familiaux et communal — fournissent, par couplages variés, des éléments d'interprétation, qui permettent de mieux appréhender la mobilité sociale.
Les causes des fluctuations annuelles du taux de mortalité finlandais entre 1750 et 1806
Authors: Turpeinen Oiva
Published: March 2016

La première question envisagée, c'est de savoir s'il y a une corrélation visible entre les variations annuelles de la mortalité et celles des récoltes. Il II est clair que non et qu'il faut se tourner pour expliquer les variations annuelles du taux de mortalité finlandais vers les maladies et épidémies. La corrélation s'établit essentiellement avec les maladies infectieuses, plus particulièrement la variole et la rougeole. A l'opposé, durant les mauvaises récoltes des années 1769 à 1773, le taux de mortalité finlandais fut faible. De 1788 à 1791, la poussée de mortalité est entraînée par le typhus et la dysenterie. Au contraire, d'une année sur l'autre le nombre des morts dues à la tuberculose ne varie guère. L'âge des famines était passé.
Le rôle des connaissances historiques dans l'étude du comportement procréateur en U.R.S.S
Authors: Vichnevski A. G.
Published: March 2016

The analysis of the children's role in the economy of a patriarchal peasant family, of the different elements of the non-economic value of children, of the attitude towards their birth or death and towards birth control in the traditional Russian society shows that if the fertility level in the past, right up to the twenties of the 20th cent., was very high, it was not a consequence of «rational» fertility behaviour of couples, their conscious interest in having as many children as possible. A new historical type of fertility behaviour based on free personal choice and presupposing a deliberate search of purposes and adequate means to achieve them, takes shape and spreads on a large scale only as a resuit of the demographic revolution (in USSR - in 20th cent.).
Le concept de la planification de la famille et son influence sur la pratique de la gestion d'État en URSS
Authors: Avdeev Alexandre
Published: March 2016

Avortement et contraception ont été au centre de multiples discussions pendant les premières années du pouvoir soviétique. Perçu comme un enjeu d'une extrême importance le débat qui va se découler entre 1918 et 1936 va être un révélateur particulièrement fin des divers courants politiques de l'époque.

Prenant ses racines dans la période qui précède la révolution, il va concentrer toutes les contradictions d'une société ne réussissant pas à trouver son équilibre. L'examen des textes de cette période, effectué dans cet article permet de mettre en place ces divergences qui vont conduire à l'attitude libérale du début des années 1919- 1920 qui se transforme, à partir du début de la décennie suivante, en une législation très restrictive.
Un aspect peu connu de l'abandon d'enfants dans l'Angleterre victorienne : le baby farming
Authors: Chassaigne Philippe
Published: March 2016

Pratique largement répandue dans l'Angleterre victorienne, le baby farming consiste en l'adoption -sans valeur légale- d'un enfant par une gardeuse professionnelle pour une somme de quelques livres sterling. Apre au gain, car appartenant à un milieu modeste, celle-ci négligeait l'enfant, n'hésitant pas, le cas échéant, à recourir à l'infanticide. Le baby farming est donc une forme d'abandon d'enfant, et témoigne du peu de valeur que les parents accordaient à la vie de leur progéniture. Les procès pour infanticide liés au baby farming se soldent par des condamnations très dures, qui se veulent exemplaires. C'est là le signe d'une évolution des mentalités, à la suite de nombreuses campagnes philanthropiques. Dans les premières décennies du XXe siècle, la réforme d'une législation trop laxiste amène la disparition de cette pratique.
Migrations matrimoniales en France (1740-1829)
Authors: Houdaille Jacques , Bonneuil Noël
Published: March 2016

The investigation on French population 1740-1829 helps revealing marriage migrations between parishes at that time.

Through time and from one region to another, first marriages were celebrated in a constant proportion between people living in the same parish. Mixed marriages were celebrated more and more in the parish where the woman lived, especially after 1815. This phenomenon is emphasized for marriages of widows with grooms. Moreover, it turns out that people were more likely to marry a person living in the same parish rather than in a border parish. Howeyer, a widower marrying a bride was more likely to seek this bride outside of his own parish.

The salient feature of marriage migrations is eventually stability through time, as well as permanency of differences among French regions.
Vie et patrimoine dans les Andes : la population Quirua en 1598
Authors: Loza Carmen Beatriz
Published: March 2016

L'analyse d'une source fiscale de l'administration espagnole réalisée en 1598 dans l'actuel département de La Paz en Bolivie, appelé Revisita des Quiruas d'Uyuni, permet à l'auteur de :

1) Montrer que la structure d'enregistrement des données présente dans ce document reprend celle des sources plus anciennes, à savoir : le premier recensement du Pérou, Visita General del Virrey Toledo (1570-1575) dans un premier niveau. Ce dernier renvoie à la logique de notation des données agraires des cordelettes-registres mnémotechniques indigènes, les khipus, qui avait été reprise par la Visita.

2) D'analyser la population quirua à partir de la formulation de son cours de vie ou biographie, faisant une reconstitution générale des caractéristiques successives des individus à l'égard du fisc, selon leur position au sein du ménage. Les données démographiques et agricoles ainsi obtenues montrent que les capacités matérielles pour répondre à la charge fiscale varient considérablement en fonction de l'âge fiscal et de la productivité à un moment donné du cours de vie.
Le retour d'un péril : la lèpre dans l'Espagne contemporaine, 1878-1932. Aspects démographique et socio-sanitaire
Authors: Bernabeu-Mestre Josep , Ballester Artigues Teresa
Published: March 2016

Cet article aborde les aspects démographique et socio-sanitaire de la pandémie de lèpre qui a touché la population espagnole au cours de la période contemporaine. Puis, après avoir exposé les difficultés éprouvées dans l'élaboration de statistiques fiables sur la morbidité lépreuse, il décrit la géographie de la pandémie. De même, à partir des témoignages d'observateurs privilégiés de l'époque, il analyse les causes de l'apparition et de l'aggravation de la lèpre en accordant une place particulière à l'influence des mouvements migratoires. Enfin, il décrit la réponse collective, tant publique que privée, apportée durant cette période au problème de santé publique posé par la lèpre.
STRONG STABILITY OF A NONLINEAR MULTI-STAGE DYNAMIC SYSTEM IN BATCH CULTURE OF GLYCEROL BIOCONVERSION TO 1,3-PROPANEDIOL
Authors: Zhang Jinxing , Yuan Jinlong , Feng Enmin , Yin Hongchao , Xiu Zhilong
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we consider a nonlinear multi-stage dynamic system to characterize batch culture. We construct corresponding linear variational system for the solution to the multi-stage system, also prove the boundedness of fundamental matrix solutions for the linear variational system. On this basis, we prove strong stability with respect to perturbance of initial state vector for the multi-stage system through the application of such boundedness. From extensive simulation study, it is observed that the strong stability is highly satisfactory.
FUJITA CRITICAL CURVE FOR A COUPLED DIFFUSION SYSTEM WITH INHOMOGENEOUS NEUMANN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS∗
Authors: Du Runmei , Guo Minghao
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we establish the blow-up theorems of Fujita type for a class of exterior problems of nonlinear diffusion equations subject to inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. The critical Fujita exponents are determined and it is shown that the critical curve belongs to the blow-up case under any nontrivial initial data.
L’ aventure coloniale éolienne dans le nord de l’ Égée. Un facteur décisif dans l’ ouverture de l’ Hellespont à la présence grecque ?
Authors: Baralis Alexandre
Published: March 2016

L’existence d’une tradition attribuant une double fondation à certaines colonies de Propontide et du sud de la mer Noire constitue un obstacle majeur pour la compréhension du cadre chronologique au sein duquel se déploie la présence grecque dans les Détroits. En l’absence de fouilles archéologiques régulières dans l’Hellespont, il apparaît essentiel de reconsidérer la pénétration grecque dans cette région à la lumière des réseaux d’échanges qui se développent dans le nord de l’Égée à partir du IX e  siècle av. J.-C. Ceux-ci permettent en retour de saisir le contexte général dans lequel s’opère l’installation des premiers colons autour de ses rives.
« Le dernier ennemi qui sera détruit, c’est la mort ». Le christianisme est-il un transhumanisme ?
Authors: Antier Guilhen
Published: March 2016

En guise de contribution à ce dossier sur Jn 11, Guilhen Antier * propose un éclairage latéral sur la problématique de la résurrection à partir d’un décryptage de la notion d’ immortalité dans le discours de la foi chrétienne. Dans une démarche interdisciplinaire menée à la croisée de la psychanalyse lacanienne et des théologies irénienne et luthérienne, il tente de redéfinir les notions de mort et de vie mobilisées par la pensée paulinienne (1 Co 15 ; Rm 7) dans le cadre d’une ontologie relationnelle qui marque une rupture avec l’ontologie substantialiste. Par là, il évalue en quoi et comment l’affirmation néotestamentaire d’une résurrection des morts se distingue radicalement du projet transhumaniste d’en finir avec la mort. Au cœur de la réflexion, c’est la question même de ce qui fait l’humain qui est posée.
Les idées que l’on se fait de l’économie
Authors: Lima Léa
Published: March 2016

Les enseignants en SES se donnent sans doute comme objectif de remettre en cause les croyances et les représentations des élèves en matière d’économie. Les prénotions, c’est-à-dire les idées que l’on se fait des choses par et pour l’expérience, qu’Émile Durkheim voyait comme des obstacles à la connaissance 1  concernent autant le fonctionnement de la société que le fonctionnement de l’économie, si tant est qu’on sépare l’économie de la société. L’enseignant serait donc dans son rôle en levant le voile d’ignorance des élèves.
« Ce qui compte n’est pas le vote
Authors: Piteau Michel
Published: March 2016

Une famille choisit son lieu de vacances, un pays, sa constitution et tous votent à la majorité. De longue date, corporations et villages, ordres religieux et conclaves ont aussi recours au suffrage, mais avec divers décomptes des voix, parfois sans urne ni isoloir. Pour nommer un représentant ou arbitrer entre choix publics, on peut également délibérer jusqu’à s’accorder, comme dans la France de l’Ancien régime et les conseils africains. Il arrive, enfin, qu’on tire au sort, préfère l’hérédité voire l’autocratie, choisisse un comité d’experts ou fasse appel – on l’a vu… – à l’Esprit saint. Pour agréger les préférences, nos scrutins sont-ils vraiment plus démocratiques et efficaces ?
Du théâtre Nô au psychodrame
Authors: Blondelot Xavier
Published: March 2016

Notre pratique est souvent confrontée en institution à des enfants, des adolescents étiquetés troubles du comportement. Afin de répondre à une demande institutionnelle concernant ces sujets, nous avons mis en place l’atelier masque, un dispositif appliquant au psychodrame les principes venant d’une forme de théâtre japonais, le nô. Avec comme idée clé la mise en parole en lieu et place de la mise en acte, ou comment réarticuler la pulsion scopique à la pulsion invocante et permettre à ces jeunes une réappropriation de leur inconscient, de cesser les mises en acte et devenir acteurs de leurs dires.
Vers une réorientation de la doctrine de l’indulgence ? Réflexions à partir de Misericordiae vultus
Authors: Gué Xavier
Published: March 2016

La bulle d’indiction du jubilé de la miséricorde Misericordiae vultus consacre un paragraphe à l’indulgence. Cet article commente la pensée du pape François sur l’indulgence et souligne les déplacements théologiques et anthropologiques opérés dans ce texte au regard d’une doctrine multiséculaire.
L’Eucharistie, révélation suprême de la miséricorde chez saint Augustin
Authors: Giusto Mariagnese
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine, dans l’œuvre de saint Augustin, les relations entre la miséricorde et l’Eucharistie et leurs conséquences dans la vie de l’homme. La première partie montre comment la miséricorde divine régit l’action de Dieu dans toutes les étapes de l’Incarnation, tout particulièrement dans la croix et l’Eucharistie. La deuxième partie illustre les relations entre miséricorde, Incarnation et Eucharistie par deux images déployées par Augustin : le lait et le pain. La troisième partie expose la réponse de l’homme à l’action miséricordieuse de Dieu dans l’Eucharistie.
La croissance urbaine marocaine : convergence vs concentration
Authors: Schaffar Alexandra , Nassori Dounia
Published: March 2016

Cet article propose d’étudier la croissance et les hiérarchies urbaines au Maroc entre 1994 et 2010. Il montre que, contrairement aux théories de la courbe en cloche, le système urbain marocain est caractérisé par une baisse de la concentration urbaine et une croissance démographique soutenue des villes de petite et de moyenne taille. Une telle conclusion implique un changement d’orientation dans les politiques d’aménagement du territoire dans ce pays, résolument tournées jusqu’ici vers la gestion de la pression urbaine dans les grandes métropoles. Le travail engagé s’appuie sur une base de données originale fournie par le Haut-Commissariat au Plan permettant de recenser la taille des agglomérations marocaines et utilise un ensemble d’instruments statistiques et économétriques comme les tests de stationnarité et les chaînes de Markov.
Du risque des mesures de risque systémique
Authors: Boucher Christophe , Kouontchou Patrick , Maillet Bertrand
Published: March 2016

La mesure du risque systémique des institutions financières est devenue un enjeu essentiel pour la stabilité du système financier. La plupart des mesures actuellement proposées reposent sur l’estimation de quantiles conditionnels, qui ont la caractéristique d’être extrêmement sensibles à la méthode d’estimation et à la spécification des modèles de risque utilisés. Nous proposons de corriger les mesures de risque systémique à partir de procédures de validation statistique. Notre application sur la c o v a r suggère que le risque de modèle est important et que les institutions identifiées comme « systémiques » diffèrent selon que l’on prenne en compte ou non le risque de modèle.
The Chief Clinical Informatics Officer (CCIO)
Authors: Sengstack Patricia , Thyvalikakath Thankam , Poikonen John , Middleton Blackford , Payne Thomas , Lehmann Christoph , Kannry Joseph ,   the AMIA Task Force Report on CCIO Skillset and Educational Requirements
Published: March 2016

The emerging operational role of the “Chief Clinical Informatics Officer” (CCIO) remains heterogeneous with individuals deriving from a variety of clinical settings and backgrounds. The CCIO is defined in title, responsibility, and scope of practice by local organizations. The term encompasses the more commonly used Chief Medical Informatics Officer (CMIO) and Chief Nursing Informatics Officer (CNIO) as well as the rarely used Chief Pharmacy Informatics Officer (CPIO) and Chief Dental Informatics Officer (CDIO).

The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) identified a need to better delineate the knowledge, education, skillsets, and operational scope of the CCIO in an attempt to address the challenges surrounding the professional development and the hiring processes of CCIOs.

An AMIA task force developed knowledge, education, and operational skillset recommendations for CCIOs focusing on the common core aspect and describing individual differences based on Clinical Informatics focus. The task force concluded that while the role of the CCIO currently is diverse, a growing body of Clinical Informatics and increasing certification efforts are resulting in increased homogeneity. The task force advised that 1.) To achieve a predictable and desirable skillset, the CCIO must complete clearly defined and specified Clinical Informatics education and training. 2.) Future education and training must reflect the changing body of knowledge and must be guided by changing day-to-day informatics challenges.

A better defined and specified education and skillset for all CCIO positions will motivate the CCIO workforce and empower them to perform the job of a 21st century CCIO. Formally educated and trained CCIOs will provide a competitive advantage to their respective enterprise by fully utilizing the power of Informatics science.
Vocational Literacy in Mozambique: Historical Development, Current Challenges and Contradictions
Authors: Popov Oleg , Manuel Alzira
Published: March 2016

The study analyses the historical development of vocational literacy in basic education and Non-Formal Vocational Education (NFVE) in Mozambique, as well as current challenges and contradictions. The theoretical lens of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is employed in the study. Methodologically the study was executed through an analysis of oral, printed and e-resources produced by the main stakeholders and also the reflective experiences of the authors in their extensive educational work in the country. The findings reveal poorly developed vocational literacy education in schools and non-formal settings in spite of recurrent political declarations about its importance. There is a strong dependence by formal and particularly NFVE sectors on the technical and financial support provided by international organisations. Vocational literacy courses are characterized by a lack of adequate equipment and poor practice. As a consequence, theoretical or elementary forms of vocational knowledge are dominant in the courses, resulting in the dissatisfaction of both learners and educators. Vocational literacy development proved to be a complex field that faces many challenges and is characterised by diverse internal contradictions.
Can we detect regional methane anomalies? A comparison between three observing systems
Authors: Cressot Cindy , Pison Isabelle , Rayner Peter J. , Bousquet Philippe , Fortems-Cheiney Audrey , Chevallier Frédéric
Published: March 2016

Abstract. A Bayesian inversion system is used to evaluate the capability of the current global surface network and the space-borne GOSAT and IASI instruments to quantify surface flux anomalies of methane at various spatial (global, semi-hemispheric and regional) and time (seasonal, yearly, 3-yearly) scales. The evaluation is based on a signal-to-noise ratio analysis, the signal being the methane fluxes inferred from the surface-based inversion from 2000 to 2011 and the noise being computed from the Bayesian equation for each of the three inversions using either surface or satellite data. At the global and semi-hemispheric scales, all observing systems properly detect flux anomalies at all the tested time-scales. At the regional scale, seasonal flux signals are properly detected by all observing systems, but year-to-year changes and longer-term trends are only poorly detected. Moreover, reliably detected regions depend on the reference surface-based inversion used as a signal. Indeed, tropical flux inter-annual variability, for instance, can be attributed mostly to Africa in the reference inversion or spread between tropical regions and China. Our results show that inter-annual analyses of methane emissions inferred by atmospheric inversions should always include an uncertainty assessment and that the attribution of the atmospheric methane increase since 2007 to a particular region still needs more attention i.e. gathering more observations for the future and using improved transport models. At all scales, GOSAT generally obtains the best results of the three observing systems.
Trends in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) associated with urban development in northern West Siberia
Authors: Esau Igor , Miles Victoria V. , Davy Richard , Miles Martin W. , Kurchatova Anna
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Exploration and exploitation of oil and gas reserves of northern West Siberia has promoted rapid industrialization and urban development in the region. This development leaves significant footprints on the sensitive northern environment, which is already stressed by the global warming. This study reports the region-wide changes in the vegetation cover as well as the corresponding changes in and around 28 selected urbanized areas. The study utilizes the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from high-resolution (250 m) MODIS data acquired for summer months (June through August) during 15 years (2000–2014). The results reveal the increase of NDVI (or “greening”) over the northern (tundra and tundra-forest) part of the region. Simultaneously, the southern, forested part shows the widespread decrease of NDVI (or “browning”). These region-wide patterns are, however, highly fragmented. The statistically significant NDVI trends occupy only a small fraction of the region. Urbanization destroys the vegetation cover within the developed areas and at about 5–10 km distance around them. The studied urbanized areas have the NDVI values by 15 % to 45 % lower than the corresponding areas at 20–40 km distance. The largest NDVI reduction is typical for the newly developed areas, whereas the older areas show recovery of the vegetation cover. The study reveals a robust indication of the accelerated greening near the older urban areas. Many Siberian cities become greener even against the wider browning trends at their background. Literature discussion suggests that the observed urban greening could be associated not only with special tending of the within-city green areas but also with the urban heat islands and succession of more productive shrub and tree species growing on warmer sandy soils.
Prolonged aragonite undersaturation in bottom water of a biological hotspot in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Yamamoto-Kawai Michiyo , Mifune Takahisa , Kikuchi Takashi , Nishino Shigeto
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Distribution of calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω) was observed in bottom waters of the Chukchi Sea in autumn 2012 and early summer 2013. Aragonite and calcite undersaturation were found in high productivity regions in autumn 2012 but not in early summer 2013. Comparison with other parameters has indicated that biological processes -respiration and photosynthesis- are major factor controlling regional and temporal variability of Ω. From these ship-based observations, we have obtained empirical equations to reconstruct Ω from temperature, salinity and apparent oxygen utilization. Using two-year-round mooring data and these equations, we have reconstructed seasonal variation of Ω in bottom water in Hope Valley, a biological hotspot in the southern Chukchi Sea. Results showed prolonged undersaturation for both aragonite and calcite even during winter period, not only in 2012 but also in 2013. Calculations also suggest that bottom water in the hotspot could have been undersaturated for aragonite on an intermittent basis even in the pre-industrial period. Anthropogenic CO2 has extended the period of aragonite undersaturation to two- or three-fold longer by now. When atmospheric pCO2 increases to 650 ppm, occupation of aragonite and calcite undersaturation can be as long as two-third and one-third of a year, respectively. Anthropogenic CO2 has significant impact on duration of CaCO3 undersaturation in the bottom water of the Chukchi Sea, even though horizontal and seasonal variability in Ω is controlled by biological processes.
Behavior analysis by model slope experiment of artificial rainfall
Authors: Park Min Cheol
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In this study, we performed a model slope experiment with rainfall seepage, and the results were compared and verified with the unsaturated slope stability analysis method. In the model slope experiment, we measured the changes in water content and matric suction due to rainfall seepage, and determined the time at which the slope failure occurred and the shape of the failure. In addition, we compared and verified the changes in the factor of safety and the shape of the failure surface, which was calculated from the unsaturated slope stability analysis with the model experiment. From the results of experiment and analysis, it is concluded that the unsaturated slope stability analysis can be used to accurately analyze and predict rainfall-induced slope failure. It is also concluded that in seepage analysis, setting the initial conditions and boundary conditions is very important. If engineers will use the measured porewater pressure or matric suction, the accuracy of analysis can be enhanced. The real-time monitoring system of porewater pressure or matric suction can be used as a warning of rainfall-induced slope failure.
Quantitative experimental monitoring of molecular diffusion in clay with positron emission tomography
Authors: Kulenkampff Johannes , Zakhnini Abdelhamid , Gründig Marion , Lippmann-Pipke Johanna
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Clay plays a prominent role as barrier material in the geosphere. The small particle sizes cause extremely small pore sizes and induce low permeability and high sorption capacity. Transport of dissolved species by molecular diffusion is less sensitive to the pore size. Heterogeneous structures on centimetre scale could cause heterogeneous effects, like preferential transport zones, which are difficult to assess. Laboratory measurements with diffusion cells yield limited information on heterogeneity, and pore space imaging methods have to consider scale effects. We established positron emission tomography (PET); applying a high-resolution PET-scanner, as spatially resolved quantitative method for direct laboratory observation of the diffusion process of a PET-tracer on the prominent scale of 1–100 mm. Although PET is rather insensitive to bulk effects, quantification required significant improvements of the image reconstruction procedure with respect to Compton scatter and attenuation. The experiments were conducted with 22Na and 124I over periods of 100, respectively 25 days. From the images we derived trustable anisotropic diffusion coefficients and, in addition, we identified indications for preferential transport zones. We thus demonstrated the unique potential of the PET imaging modality for geoscientific process monitoring under conditions where other methods fail, taking advantage of the extremely high detection sensitivity that is specific to radiotracer applications.
Analysis of the mass balance time series of glaciers in the Italian Alps
Authors: Carturan Luca , Baroni Carlo , Brunetti Michele , Carton Alberto , Dalla Fontana Giancarlo , Salvatore Maria Cristina , Zanoner Thomas , Zuecco Giulia
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This work presents an analysis of the mass balance series of nine Italian glaciers, which were selected based on the length, continuity and reliability of observations. All glaciers experienced mass loss in the observation period, which is variable for the different glaciers and ranges between 10 and 47 years. The longest series display increasing mass loss rates, which were mainly due to increased ablation during longer and warmer ablation seasons. The mean annual mass balance (Ba) in the decade from 2004 to 2013 ranged from −1788 to −763 mm w.e. yr−1. Low-altitude glaciers with low range of elevation are more out of balance than the higher, larger and steeper glaciers, which maintain residual accumulation areas in their upper reaches. The response of glaciers is mainly controlled by the combination of October–May precipitations and June–September temperatures, but rapid geometric adjustments and atmospheric changes lead to modifications in their response to climatic variations. In particular, a decreasing correlation of Ba with the June–September temperatures and an increasing correlation with October–May precipitations are observed for some glaciers. In addition, the October–May temperatures tend to become significantly correlated with Ba, possibly indicating a decrease in the fraction of solid precipitation, and/or increased ablation, during the accumulation season. Because most of the monitored glaciers have no more accumulation area, their observations series are at risk due to their impending extinction, thus requiring a replacement soon.
Daily Activity and Initial Bone Mineral Density are Associated with Periprosthetic Bone Mineral Density after Total HIP Arthroplasty
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Hashimoto Shingo , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: March 2016

Objectives

To evaluate periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) changes around a cementless short tapered-wedge stem and determine correlations between BMD changes and various clinical factors, including daily activity, after total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a tapered-wedge stem.

Methods

65 patients underwent THA with a TriLock BPS stem. At baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively the BMD of the 7 Gruen zones were evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Correlations were determined between BMD changes and clinical factors, including the Harris Hip Score, body mass index, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) activity rating score, age at surgery, and initial spine BMD. Radiographic parameters, including the proximal femoral geometry (Dorr Classification), canal filling ratio, canal flare index, and calcar-to-canal ratio were also assessed.

Results

Minimal BMD changes were noted in the distal femur. However, significant BMD loss was noted in zone 7 at each time point. BMD loss was also noted in zone 1 at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, but BMD recovered after 18 months. Significant positive correlations were noted between BMD changes and the UCLA activity score in zones 1, 6, and 7. Additionally, negative correlations were noted between BMD changes and the preoperative lumbar BMD in zones 2 and 3. No correlations were noted between BMD changes and the radiographic parameters. Periprosthetic BMD was was virtually unchanged in the proximal femur, especially Gruen zone 1.

Conclusions

Daily activity may reflect improvements in periprosthetic bone quality after THA; however, the use of this tapered-wedge stem is not recommended in patients with poor bone quality.
Subspine Impingement: 2 Case Reports of a Previously Unreported Cause of Instability in Total HIP Arthroplasty
Authors: Davidovitch Roy I. , DelSole Edward M. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M.
Published: March 2016

Background

Instability is a common cause of revision hip arthroplasty and is frequently due to improper component placement and subsequent component impingement. Impingement of the greater trochanter upon the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) has been described as a cause of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), but has never been described as a cause of instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Case review

We present 2 cases of patients undergoing THA. Each patient was evaluated preoperatively and found to have a prominent AIIS, which was concerning due to it overhanging the anterolateral acetabular lip. Both patients had intraoperative posterior instability of their THA, the cause of which was determined to be impingement of the greater trochanter upon a prominent AIIS. Open resection of the AIIS was performed with subsequent resolution of impingement.

Literature review

AIIS impingement has been reported as a cause of symptomatic FAI. In these case reports, open or arthroscopic resection of the AIIS resulted in resolution of symptoms. Morphologically distinct subtypes of the AIIS have been previously described based upon computed tomography, and some subtypes are associated with a high risk of impingement in the native hip. No previous studies have described this phenomenon in the setting of THA.

Clinical relevance

Instability is a common cause of revision THA. Impingement of the greater trochanter upon a prominent AIIS is a previously unreported cause of THA instability which can be addressed with intraoperative resection of the AIIS with good result.
Bonding Strategies of Resin Cement to Er, Cr:YSGG Lased Dentin: Micro-CT Evaluation and Microshear Bond Strength Testing
Authors: Meriç Gökçe , Taşar Simge , Orhan Kaan
Published: March 2016

Aims

Pretreatment of the tooth surface is essential for establishing effective micromechanical retention between it and the restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength between the resin and the Er, Cr:YSGG laser irradiated dentin and to examine morphologic characterization of the dentin-resin interface. In addition, the study evaluated the quantity of opened and closed dentinal tubules.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty extracted human molars were sectioned into samples of 1 mm thickness. The samples were randomly assigned to two groups containing 15 specimens each. Surface treatments were not applied to the samples in the control group and the samples in the experimental group were irradiated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Two resin cement samples were polymerized on the surface of each sliced dentin. The micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) between dentin and cement (n = 30 for each group) was measured with a universal testing machine. The topography and morphology of the resin-dentin interface were evaluated by micro-CT (n = 20 for each group). The areas of closed tubular space, closed porosity, area of open tubular space, open porosity, total area of tubular space and fractal dimension were investigated by micro-CT. Statistical analysis used: The data for each parameter were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk and Student's t test (p<0.05).

Results

μSBS values for control group were higher than experimental group. Dentin surfaces in the control group revealed less closed and more opened dentin tubules compared to the experimental group. Total area of tubular space was found to have decreased due to the laser ablation. There was no significant difference between the fractal dimensions of the control and experimental groups.

Conclusions

The lased dentin surface was not favorable for the bonding mechanism due to alterations in the dentinal structure.
Self-Centering Split-Tip Catheter versus Conventional Split-Tip Catheter in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Balamuthusamy Saravanan , Nguyen Peter , Bireddy Suman , Vallurapalli Avinash , Jalandhara Nishant , Afolabi Dapo
Published: March 2016

Purpose

This study compared the patency of a split-tip self-centering catheter with a predesigned curve (CentrosFLO; Merit, Salt Lake City, Utah) and a standard split-tip catheter with straight distal limbs (Medcomp, Harleysville, Pennsylvania) catheter in patients requiring exchange of a dysfunctional tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC).

Materials and methods

A single-center retrospective chart review was performed between January 2013 and July 2014. Patients had an existing dysfunctional TDC that was exchanged over a wire using the same access site for either a split-tip self-centering catheter with a predesigned curve or a standard split-tip catheter with straight distal limbs catheter. The primary endpoint was catheter patency analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 months after initial exchange.

Results

A total of 73 patients met inclusion criteria (46 in the self-centering catheter group and 27 in the standard split-tipped group). Mean durations of the exchanged catheters were similar between groups. The mean 1-, 3-, and 6-month patency rates for the self-centering and split-tip catheters were 89%, 67.4%, and 23.9% and 81.5%, 40.7%, and 14.8%, respectively. Mean blood flow rates (BFRs) were similar between groups at 1 and 3 months; however, at 6 months, mean rates were 388 mL/min versus 352 mL/min for the self-centering group and split-tipped group, respectively (p<0.01).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate improved patency with the CentrosFLO self-centering catheter versus the split-tip catheter. This may be due to the unique design of the self-centering catheter, allowing for preserved BFRs and patency. These results should be further explored in prospective, randomized multicenter studies.
Sequential Boost in Neoadjuvant Irradiation for T3N0-1 Rectal Cancer: Long-Term Results from a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Mazzola Rosario , Ferrera Giuseppe , Cucchiara Teresa , Figlia Vanessa , Gueci Marina , Sciumè Francesco , Di Paola Gioacchino , Scibetta Nunzia , Lo Casto Antonio , Pappalardo Maria Pia , Lagalla Roberto , Alongi Filippo
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of radiation dose on tumor regression grade (TRG) and sphincter preservation rate in a series of cT3N0-1 rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) with or without a sequential radiation boost.

Materials and methods

Between May 2002 and September 2013, 116 cases were eligible for retrospective evaluation. Radiotherapy was delivered for a total dose of 45 Gy (no boost arm) or 50.4 Gy (boost arm). TRG was evaluated with the Dworak scale.

Results

Median follow-up was 62 months (range, 12-138 months). The 5-year overall survival and local control rates were 72% and 93%, respectively. Fifty-five patients (47%) were treated with a sequential radiation boost and 61 (53%) without a boost. Eighty patients (72%) presented T3N0 disease and 32 (28%) T3N1 disease. Concomitant capecitabine was administered in 92 cases (79%) and intravenous 5-fluorouracil in 24 cases (21%). Sphincter preservation was performed in 82% of patients in the boost arm and 66% in the no-boost arm. A higher TRG was related to a longer interval between neoadjuvant treatment and surgery (p<0.001). The probability of a TRG ≥2 was 2.5 times higher in the boost arm. A gain in local control, estimated at 4% during the first 3 years after CT-RT, favored the boost arm.

Conclusions

The long-term results from our single-center experience confirm literature data on the role of a sequential boost in tumor response after neoadjuvant CT-RT in a series of cT3N0-1 rectal cancer patients.
Secondary Bone Marrow Malignancies after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Report of 2 Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Rossi David , Sarti Donatella , Malerba Lara , Tommasoni Silvia , Visani Giuseppe , Martignetti Angelo , Fiorentini Giammaria
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Secondary malignancies are new cancers occurring in patients previously treated with radiation or chemotherapy for a primary tumor. Secondary cancers are not related to the primary tumor, and may develop months or years after cancer treatment: they are usually a result of the first cancer therapy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may increase the risk of second cancers, such as skin tumors (basal or squamous cell carcinoma) or acute leukemia.

Methods

A patient with B-lymphoma and a patient with multiple myeloma, previously treated for breast cancer, are presented.

Results

We report the cases of 2 patients treated with adjuvant therapy for breast cancer who developed secondary bone marrow malignancies 15 years after primary treatment.

Conclusions

By literature review, these 2 cases do not support the relationship between primary tumor treatment and secondary cancer, but strongly suggest the need for histologic samples when bone metastasis occurred after years from diagnosis of breast cancer. In this setting, the oncologist should take into account a secondary bone marrow tumor before starting treatment for breast cancer.
Divinations of Agency in Blood Meridian and No Country for Old Men
Authors: Bannon Brad
Published: March 2016

McCarthy's characteristic interest in questions of determinism and agency is perhaps nowhere as evident as it is in Blood Meridian and No Country for Old Men, yet little attention has been given to the way in which these novels are linked through the imagery of coinage, circulation, and currency. In this article, I argue that McCarthy's conception of agency is explicitly tied to a criticism of economic modernity that traces its history from the scalp-hunting of the Glanton gang to the calm collection methods of Anton Chigurh, outlining a trajectory of spiritual decline that reaches its culmination in the final years of the twentieth century.
“In what direction did lost men veer?”: Late Capitalism and Utopia in The Road
Authors: Jergenson Casey
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes the material, social, and ideological composition of The Road's post-apocalyptic world through the lens of Benjaminian historical materialism. The Road historicizes the post-apocalyptic condition through its framing of the relationship between the novel's present and its late capitalist prehistory. The ideological project of the father and son, as they seek to convey “the fire” across the desiccated wasteland, entails the performance of a mode of human relationality that conflicts with the late capitalist ideologies of the past and their behavioral residue in the cannibalistic practices of the apocalypse's other survivors. The Road transcends purely negative social criticism by offering, through the praxis of the father and son, the outline of a utopian alternative to the social order that produced and continues to shape the novel's post-apocalyptic world.
Assessment of a Regional-Scale Weather Model for Hydrological Applications in South Korea
Authors: Jung Yong , Lin Yuh-Lang
Published: March 2016

In this study, a regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) model known as the Weather Research Forescasting (WRF) model was adopted to improve the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) by optimizing combined microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes. Four locations in two regions (plain region for Sangkeug and Imsil; mountainous region for Dongchun and Bunchun) in Korean Peninsula were examined for QPF for two heavy rainfall events 2006 and 2008. The maximum Index of Agreement (IOA) was 0.96 at Bunchun in 2006 using the combined Thompson microphysics and the Grell cumulus parameterization schemes. Sensitivity of QPF on domain size at Sangkeug indicated that the localized smaller domain had 55% (from 0.35 to 0.90) improved precipitation accuracy based on IOA of 2008. For the July 2006 Sangkeug event, the sensitivity to cumulus parameterization schemes for precipitation prediction cannot be ignored with finer resolutions. In mountainous region, the combined Thompson microphysics and Grell cumulus parameterization schemes make a better quantitative precipitation forecast, while in plain region, the combined Thompson microphysics and Kain-Frisch cumulus parameterization schemes are the best.
Het consultatievoorstel voor een herziene Code en langetermijnwaardecreatie: alleen ‘jam tomorrow’ of ook ‘jam today’?
Authors: Overkleeft F.G.K. , Beckers J.H.L.
Published: March 2016

Het consultatievoorstel voor een herziene Code en langetermijnwaardecreatie: alleen ‘jam tomorrow’ of ook ‘jam today’?

Op 11 februari 2016 publiceerde de Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance een consultatiedocument met voorstellen tot herziening van de Nederlandse Corporate Governance Code. De Commissie heeft met haar consultatievoorstel beoogd om het onderwerp van langetermijnwaardecreatie nadrukkelijk op de agenda te zetten. Dat is gelukt, maar er is nog wel voer voor discussie.
Historier for øjne, ører og muskler. Computerspil set under en mediehistorisk og evolutionær synsvinkel”
Authors: Grodal Torben
Published: March 2016

Artiklen er en grundig gennemgang af en række principielle kognitive

mekanismer, der har afgørende betydning for, hvordan computerspil

kan modtages af ”brugeren”. Artiklen diskuterer en række verserende

synspunkter om, hvordan computerspil kan eller ikke kan betragtes

som historie og spil. Endelig fremlægger artiklen det synspunkt, at com-

puterspil aktiverer en fundamental anden form for kognitiv respons sam-

menlignet med at se film. At spille et spil og at se en film er kognitivt set

noget forskelligt.
Digital æstetik i hverdagen
Authors: Højbjerg Lennard
Published: March 2016

Denne artikel er en videreførelse af forfatterens arbejde med en digital

æstetik, der i stigende omfang vinder indpas på tværs af forskellige

mediegenrer. Med en række konkrete iagttagelser fra den danske

sendeflade og trykte medier demonstrerer forfatteren, hvordan denne

digitale stil umærkeligt har selvstændiggjort sig som dominerende.
McTv. Bidrag til en forståelse af tv-formaternes globale popularitet
Authors: Waisbord Silvio
Published: March 2016

Globaliseringen har knyttet verdens tv-industrier tættere sammen. Struk-

turelle og institutionelle forbindelser mellem tv-systemer og tv-industrier

har skabt en tv-branche, der i stigende grad styres af de samme prak-

sisser og mål. Denne dynamik afspejles i tv-formaternes popularitet. På

overfladen bidrager den globale udbredelse af tv-formater dog ikke kun

til en global integration af industriens økonomi men også til en standardi-

sering af programmernes indhold. Få store medieselskaber sælger idéer

på et internationalt marked, således at seerne tilsyneladende ser natio-

nale variationer af de samme programmer. På et dybere niveau viser

salget af formater dog, at tv stadig er knyttet til lokale og nationale kulturer.

Med eksempler fra Latinamerika argumenterer denne artikel for det syns-

punkt, at tv på én gang er globalt og nationalt formet både af de globalise-

rede medieøkonomier og af de lokale og nationale kulturer.
New Technologies and Not-So-New Democracies
Authors: Schudson Michael
Published: March 2016

Discussions of the impact of the new media on democratic politics

often generalize too broadly about new technologies and almost

always take for granted a uniformity about democracies. Democra-

cies vary across nations and over time. For the USA, it is argued

that Americans have had four different visions of what political spe-

ech and participation should be. American democracy has shifted

from a citizenship of deference, to one of party enthusiasm, to a

model of the informed citizen, to the contemporary model of irreve-

rent citizenship. Each model calls forth different versions of a public

sphere. What is the democracy that technology is having an impact

on? This question must be integrated in the discussion of the impact

of technology on democracy.