bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parvovirus B19 and Pregnant Women: A Bibliographic Review
Authors:   Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech (FMPM), Morocco, M Bouraddane , K Warda ,   Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech (FMPM), Morocco, S Zouhair ,   Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech (FMPM), Morocco
Published: March 2022

Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is one of the smallest viruses that are known to infect humans [1]. The clinical manifestations of B19V infection vary greatly and depend on age, hematologic and immunologic status. In immunocompetent individuals, the infection can be completely asymptomatic or can cause mild and self-limiting clinical manifestations such as erythema infectiosum or fifth disease during childhood, arthralgias and arthritis in adults, particularly in women [2,3], chronic hemolytic anemia, and fetal death in utero or non-immune hydrops fetalis in pregnant women [4]. Due to the efficient replication of B19V in the erythroid progenitor cells [5]. In temperate climates, the infection may occur throughout the year, Infection is most common in late winter or early spring [6]. During pregnancy, the virus is transmitted through exposure to infected respiratory droplets or blood products and vertically from mother to fetus [7,8]. The vertical transmission of B19 occurs in about one-third of women infected [9].The proportion of pregnant women susceptible to B19 infection ranges from 34% to 65% in various parts of the world. The incidence of seroconversion during pregnancy is estimated at between 1% and 1, 5% in the endemic period, increasing to 13% in the epidemic period [10]. Non-immune women are most likely to be infected by young children [11]. Parvovirus infection of mothers is diagnosed using serologic or an immune assay enzyme B19 IgM and B19 IgG [12]. Viral DNA can be detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and is considered to be the best indicator of infection in maternal, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid [13]. In these conditions, it seemed necessary to us to study this virus in this article and to answer the various practical questions raised by the occurrence of contagion and/or infection with Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy.
Density Functional Tight Binding Calculations for Probing Electronic-Excited States of Large Systems
Authors: Yamijala Sharma , Oviedo M. Belen , Wong Bryan
Published: March 2022

This review focuses on the application of Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB) to electronic-excited states, which has attracted significant attention for extending the computationally efficient approach to the time domain. The chapter highlights the use of real-time time-dependent-DFTB to probe the electron dynamics of large systems in external electric fields where the nuclei are held fixed. Surface hopping is a general mixed quantum-classical nonadiabatic dynamics methodology with many variants, such as fewest-switches surface-hopping, decoherence induced surface hopping, independent electron surface hopping, and others. The nuclei are propagated according to classical mechanics, and the forces on the nuclei, at any given instant of time, arise from a single adiabatic potential energy surfaces. The review illustrates the charge transfer dynamics of Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/polythiophene, which is a model system for understanding photo-induced charge transfer dynamics in organic photovoltaics.
Insights of Shadow Trapping States and Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Simultaneous Redshift and Efficiency Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence in Carbon Dots
Authors: Shen Yanfei , Yang Erli , Yang Hong , Ning Zhenqiang , Fang Yanfeng , Chen Mengyuan , Zheng Yongjun , Wu Guoqiu , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: March 2022

While highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters with finely tunable emission wavelengths are crucial for practical applications, the simultaneous modulation of ECL efficiency and emission wavelength, along with the deep understanding of the mechanism in the molecular level, remain elusive. Herein, we reported carbon dots (CDs) with both fine-tuned ECL efficiency and emission wavelength were achieved by phosphorus (P) doping, e.g., the ECL emission was finely tuned from 425 nm to 645 nm, and the efficiency (relative to the Ru(bpy)32+/K2S2O8 system) was promoted from 10.6% to 57.4%. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed the P dopants in the form of P-C and P-O groups not only imported shadow trapping states but also promoted a significant intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which jointly induced the redshift and boosted the ECL performance of CDs. This work would provide a clue for the rational design of CDs to tune the ECL properties for advanced biomedical applications finely.
Steering the Mechanism of the Furan-Maleimide Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction to a Sequential Pathway with an External Mechanical Force
Authors: Cardosa-Gutierrez Manuel , De BO Guillaume , Duwez Anne-Sophie , Remacle Francoise
Published: March 2022

Mechanical forces are known to control rates of chemical reactions and govern reaction pathways, possibly inducing a change of mechanism with respect to the zero force one. We report on a switching of mechanism of the retro Diels-Alder bond breaking from concerted at zero force to sequential under tension for four furan–maleimide adducts, mechanophores widely used in polymer mechanochemistry because they can undergo reversible breakage under tension. The four different adducts differ by their regio- and stereochemistry. The reaction paths on the force modified potential energy surfaces were characterized by isometric and isotensional approaches and determining stationary points (equilibrium geometries and transition states) as a function of the applied force, as well as by analyzing the redistribution of strain energy over the internal degrees of freedom. We evidence different bond breaking pathways and rate constants for the four isomers, the proximal configurations being favored over the distal ones. The switch from a concerted pathway at zero force to a sequential one occurs for a threshold force that is significantly higher (≈ 2.4 nN) for the distal-exo adduct than for the other three (≈ 1 nN), explaining its larger resistance to breaking and its almost inert character under tension. The switch is accompanied by the rupture of one of the two scissile bonds which leads to a twice smaller imaginary frequency of the transition state and an increase of the activation barrier, which then decreases for higher force strengths (> 3nN) to become barrierless at a critical force value.
Ultra-stable Transformer Oil nanofluids with significant AC Breakdown Voltage enhancement at ultra-low filler fraction of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Bhunia Mississippi Missouri , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar , Chattopadhyay Paramita
Published: March 2022

This paper reports the purposeful fluorination of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanofillers and its impact on reinforcement of AC breakdown strength and stability of transformer oil (TO) nanofluid. Fluorine functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (f-BNNs) of ˜5 nm thickness was synthesized in house via wet synthetic exfoliation route of pristine h-BN utilizing Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) as the shedding agent. This promotes attachment of some highly electro- negative fluorine atoms to boron. This tailored f-BNNs exhibit a diminished band gap and induced electrical conductivity which helps in elevating the AC breakdown Voltage to 26 %- 20% and a surge in resistivity at appreciably low nanofiller fraction of 0.005-0.01wt. %. These noteworthy improvement of electrical insulation properties compared to the state-of-the-art Boron nitride nanoparticles or nanosheets is explained by the parallel role played by fluorine in charge trapping as well as the role played 2D morphology of the nanofillers. Here, fluorine facilitated extrinsic energy bands in the oil-nanofiller interface acted as efficient charge trapping sites and helped to accumulate large quantities of streamer charges, more than h-BN nanosheets or BN nanoparticle for a longer time and improved the electric insulation properties to a large extent. The ultra-high steadiness of the nanofluid is also observed at these lower filler concentrations. 2D morphology, lipophilicity and electro-negativity induced electrostatic repulsion between the f-BNNs nanosheets are attributed to achieve this alluring property of the nanofluid. Such significant improvements at very low filler fractions justifies the fluorination of hexagonal boron nitride as a novel idea and a better alternative among all the reported BN brothers for high voltage applications of nano engineered liquid insulation
Enhanced Spatial Mapping of Histone Proteoforms in Human Kidney Through MALDI-MSI by High-Field UHMR Orbitrap Detection
Authors: Zemaitis Kevin , Veličković Dušan , Kew William , Fort Kyle , Reinhardt-Szyba Maria , Pamreddy Annapurna , Ding Yanli , Kaushik Dharam , Sharma Kumar , Makarov Alexander , Zhou Mowei , Paša-Tolić Ljiljana
Published: March 2022

Core histones including H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are key modulators of cellular repair, transcription, and replication within eukaryotic cells, playing vital roles within the pathogenesis of disease and cellular responses to environmental stimuli. Traditional mass spectrometry (MS) based bottom-up and top-down proteomics allows for the comprehensive identification of proteins and of post-translational modification (PTM) harboring proteoforms. However, these methodologies have difficulties preserving near cellular spatial distributions because they typically require laser capture microdissection (LCM) and advanced sample preparation techniques. Herein, we coupled a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source with a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive HF Orbitrap MS upgraded with ultra-high mass range (UHMR) boards for the first demonstration of complementary high-resolution accurate mass (HR/AM) measurements of proteoforms up to 16.5 kDa directly from tissue using this benchtop mass spectrometer. The platform achieved isotopic resolution throughout the detected mass range, providing confident assignments of proteoforms with low ppm mass error and considerable increase in duty cycle over other Fourier trans-form mass analyzers. Proteoform mapping of core histones was demonstrated on sections of human kidney at near-cellular spatial resolution, with several key distributions of histone and other proteoforms noted within both healthy biopsy and a section from a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) containing nephrectomy. The use of MALDI-MS imaging (MSI) for proteoform map-ping demonstrates several steps towards high-throughput accurate identification of proteoforms and provides a new tool for mapping biomolecule distributions throughout tissue sections in extended mass ranges.
Evaluation of Iron-Based Metal-Organic Framework Activation Temperature in Acetylene Adsorption
Authors: Day Gregory S. , Rowe Gerard T. , Ybanez Carlos , Ozdemir Ray O. , Ornstein Jason
Published: March 2022

One of the major issues regarding long-term human space exploration is the need for a breathable atmosphere. Typically, this requires both removal of exhaled CO2 and generation or recovery of oxygen. NASA’s current technology only operates at about 50% efficiency due to the need to vent methane that is produced during the CO2 reduction process. One method of improving the efficiency of this process is through plasma pyrolysis, wherein the methane is pyrolyzed to produce hydrogen and various dehydrogenated carbon byproducts, with acetylene being one of the main components of this byproduct stream. Unfortunately, while the concentration of this effluent is generally high in hydrogen (>90% typically) the presence of this acetylene can act as a poison for the Sabatier catalysts, requiring a removal step. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a valuable method removing these unsaturated hydrocarbons due to their high tunability, particularly through the incorporation of open metal sites. In this study, two common iron-based MOFs, MIL-100 and PCN-250, were studied for their ability to adsorb acetylene. A combination of gas adsorption and density functional theory results show the ability of these materials to undergo a thermal induced reduction event results in an improvement in gas adsorption performance, which appears to be at least partially due to the increased presence of π-backbonding towards the acetylene molecules.
MESOSCOPIC MODELING OF A VITRIMER BASED ON DIGLYCIDYL ETHER BISPHENOL A
Authors: Малышев Максим Дмитриевич , Комаров Павел Вячеславович
Published: March 2022

Выполнена разработка мезомасштабной модели полимерной сетки на основе диглицидилового эфира бисфенола A и отвердителя трикарбоновой жирной кислоты. Для реализации расчетов использовалась реакционная версия диссипативной динамики частиц. Подготовленные образцы полимерной сетки использовались для изучения процесса сварки. Для контроля целостности системы проводился контроль числа несущих нагрузку цепей в объеме ячейки. В работе показано, что в результате реакции обмена связями происходит восстановление целостности полимерной сетки за счет перераспределения разорванных связей в объеме ячейки.

A mesoscale model of a polymer network based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and a tricarboxylic fatty acid hardener has been developed. To implement the calculations, the reaction version of the dissipative particle dynamics is used. The prepared samples of the polymer network were used to study the welding process. To control the integrity of the system, the number of load-bearing circuits in the cell volume is monitored. It is shown in the work that as a result of the bond exchange reaction, the integrity of the polymer network is restored due to the redistribution of the distribution of broken bonds in the volume of the cell.
KINETIC PARAMETERS OF THE OXIDATION OF D-GLUCOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF BIOCATALYSTS
Authors: Гребенникова Ольга Валентиновна , Сульман Александрина Михайловна , Шиманская Елена Игоревна
Published: March 2022

В работе были определены кинетические параметры константа Михаэлиса (Km) и максимальная скорость реакции (Vmax) для реакции окисления D-глюкозы в присутствии нативной и иммобилизованной глюкозооксидазы. Фермент был ковалентно иммобилизован на магнитоотделяемые пористые оксиды алюминия и кремния, полученные путем образования в их порах наночастиц магнетита в результате термического разложения нитрата железа. Наилучшие результаты для иммобилизованного фермента были получены для образца FeO-SiO-GOx (Km=118 мМ, Vmax=152 мкМ/мин).

In this work, the kinetic parameters of the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) for the oxidation of D-glucose in the presence of native and immobilized glucose oxidase were determined. The enzyme was covalently immobilized on magnetically detachable porous aluminum and silicon oxides obtained by the formation of magnetite nanoparticles in their pores as a result of thermal decomposition of iron nitrate. The best results for the immobilized enzyme were obtained for the FeO-SiO-GOx sample (Km=118 mM, Vmax =152 μM/min).
CATALYTIC HYDROGENOLYSIS OF LIGNIN PEROXIDASE OXIDATION PRODUCTS
Authors: Шиманская Елена Игоревна , Гребенникова Ольга Валентиновна , Филатова Анастасия Евгеньевна
Published: March 2022

Продукты переработки лигнина могут быть использованы в качестве компонентов биотоплив. Однако переработка лигнина является энергозатратным процессом с низким выходом химически ценных продуктов. Предобработка лигнина биокаталитическим способом позволяет в мягких условиях разбить полимер на более короткие отрезки, которые проще подвергаются в дальнейшем процессу гидрогенолиза, таким образом, понижая энергозатратность процесса получения мономерных фрагментов. В статье приведены экспериментальные данные по каталитическому гидрогенолизу лигнина, предварительно обработанного пероксидом водорода в присутствии перокcидазы хрена.

The products of lignin processing can be used as components of biofuels. However, lignin processing is an energy-consuming process with a low yield of chemically valuable products. The pretreatment of lignin by the biocatalytic method allows, under mild conditions, to break the polymer into shorter segments, which are easier to undergo further hydrogenolysis, thus reducing the energy consumption of the process of obtaining monomer fragments. The article presents experimental data on the catalytic hydrogenolysis of products of lignin peroxidase oxidation.
RESTORATION OF KALININ AFTER RELEASE FROM OCCUPATION
Authors: Болокина Любовь Александровна
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается процесс восстановления г. Калинина после освобождения от немецкой оккупации в декабре 1941 г. Городское хозяйство находилось в полуразрушенном состоянии, особенно сильный ущерб был нанесен электросетям, текстильной промышленности. Показаны основные направления восстановительных работ, деятельность властных структур по их координации. Одновременно жителям приходилось заниматься ремонтом и строительством коммуникаций, жилых домов, производственных помещений, зданий лечебных и детских учреждений. Выявляются причины, затруднявшие проведение работ: отсутствие топлива, электричества, инструментов, необходимого оборудования. Почти во всех сферах, за исключением торговли, не хватало квалифицированных специалистов и рабочих. Использовались различные способы решения кадровой проблемы, но восполнить дефицит рабочих рук весной 1942 г. не удалось. Самыми медленными темпами продвигалось восстановление жилищ, объектов здравоохранения и образования.

The article discusses the process of restoration of Kalinin after liberation from the German occupation in December 1941. The urban economy was in a dilapidated state, heavy damage was caused to the power grid, the textile industry. The main directions of restoration work, the activities of the authorities to coordinate them are shown. At the same time, residents had to repair and build communications, residential buildings, industrial premises, buildings of medical and children's institutions. The reasons that made it difficult to carry out the work are identified: lack of fuel, electricity, tools, necessary equipment. In almost all spheres, with the exception of trade, there were not enough qualified specialists and workers. Various ways of solving the personnel problem were used, but it was not possible to fill the shortage of workers in the spring of 1942. The slowest pace was the restoration of housing, healthcare and education facilities.
KASHINSKY UEZD IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XVII CENTURY: TERRITORY
Authors: Богданов Сергей Владимирович
Published: March 2022

В сообщении представлены результаты локализации пунктов - сел, деревень и пустошей, - указанных в Кашинской писцовой книге 1628-1629 гг. и актовой документации первой половины XVII в. Локализации подвергнуты границы Дубенского, Пудицкого, Гостунского станов и Кимрской дворцовой волости. Автор использует методику последовательного сопоставления топонимических данных письменных источников, Топографического атласа Менде и Алфавитов Генерального межевания. Итогом этой работы стала первая в отечественной историографии реконструкция точных границ указанных административных единиц. Предложенная реконструкция отличается от реконструкции границ станов и волостей Кашинского уезда, предложенная Ю.В. Готье. Реконструкция границ станов и Кимрской дворцовой волости реализована в ГИС средставами программы QGiS-Next.

The report presents the results of the localization of villages, villages and wastelands indicated in the Kashin scribal book of 1628-1629. and act documentation of the first half of the 17th century. The author reconstructs the borders of Dubensky, Puditsky, Gostunsky staves and Kimry palace volost. The author uses the method of consistent comparison of toponymic data from written sources, Mende's Topographic Atlas and General Survey Alphabets. The result of this work was the first in Russian historiography reconstruction of the exact boundaries of these administrative units. The proposed reconstruction differs from the reconstruction of the borders of the mills and volosts of the Kashinsky district, proposed by Yu.V. Got'ye. Reconstruction of the boundaries of the camps and the Kimry palace volost was implemented in GIS using the QGiS-Next program.
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Prefabricated Multi-Storey Building Technology
Authors: Sun Jingjing
Published: March 2022

In active response to the national requirements of promoting green building materials and developing prefabricated buildings, it is necessary to continuously optimize and reasonably employ relevant technologies. Autoclaved aerated concrete block prefabricated multi-storey building technology is a new technology, which will not only effectively realize green environmental protection in construction engineering, but also promote the further development of prefabricated buildings. Therefore, this paper analyzes the autoclaved aerated concrete block prefabricated multi-storey building technology for future references.
ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE LOS MÉTODOS ESPECTROFOTÓMETRICO Y POTENCIOMÉTRICO PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN CUANTITATIVA DE FENOLES TOTALES EN PLANTAS MEDICINALES ECUATORIANAS
Authors: Jaramillo Jiménez Anyi , Jaramillo Jaramillo1 Carmita , Rojas de Astudillo Luisa
Published: March 2022

En este estudio, fueron comparados los valores de las concentraciones de fenoles totales en extractos acuosos de plantas medicinales ecuatorianas que fueron obtenidos usando el método espectrofotométrico desarrollado por Folinn y Ciocalteau y por titulación potenciométrica. Por el método potenciométrico se cuantificaron los fenoles totales presentes en cuatro plantas medicinales (Ageratum conyzoides, Cnidoscolus chayamansa, Cynara scolymus y Taraxacum officinale), las cuales fueron seleccionadas por ser representativas de los contenidos alto, medio, intermedio y bajo de fenoles totales de las doce plantas previamente analizadas espectrofotométricamente. Los resultados de la cuantificación de fenoles totales por titulación potenciométrica tuvieron una alta correlación (R2=0,987) con los valores obtenidos por el método espectrofotométrico, a las concentraciones de 0,70 a 24,0 mg/g. El uso de la potenciometría para cuantificar fenoles totales resultó amigable con el ambiente al utilizar concentraciones muy diluidas de reactivos y reemplazar las substancias tóxicas empleadas habitualmente en los métodos espectrofotométricos.
Comparación de sistemas penitenciarios internacionales basada en teorías de la pena desde una perspectiva filosófica: Como el sistema carcelario ecuatoriano podría restaurarse para evitar la violencia carcelaria.
Authors: Sigcho Espinoza Veronica Alexandra
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo compara los sistemas penitenciarios internacionales a través de una perspectiva filosófica, y así, evalúa sus respectivas ventajas y desventajas para sugerir el tipo de restauración que el sistema carcelario ecuatoriano necesita para reducir la violencia carcelaria. Varios pensadores y filósofos, clásicos y contemporáneos, proponen teorías penológicas para determinar el propósito y los rasgos que caracterizan la pena. Desde el propósito de la pena propuesto por Thomas Hobbes, relacionada a su teoría contractualista, hasta las ideas disuasorias de Jeremy Bentham, este artículo analiza diversas teorías que ejemplifican la manera en la que diversos sistemas penitenciarios operan, enfatizando los sistemas penitenciarios de Noruega, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. A partir de este análisis, se mencionan diferentes métodos para reformar el sistema de cárceles, facilitar la digna rehabilitación de reos y disminuir violencia dentro de los centros penitenciarios en Ecuador.
Aplikasi Penjadwalan Job Shop dengan Pendekatan Rolling Time Window
Authors: Wahyudin Cucu , Subagiantoro Ramdhani
Published: March 2022

Perubahan pola produksi dari mass production ke customized production menuntut pengembangan aktivitas perencanaaan dan pengendalian produksi termasuk penjadwalan, dari yang bersifat statis menjadi yang bersifat dinamis. Salah satu model penjadwalan yang bersifat dinamis adalah penjadwalan dengan pendekatan rolling time window. Time Window adalah suatu rentang waktu tertentu yang lebih pendek dari horizon penjadwalan. Tiap time window terdiri dari dua bagian yang sama panjang, yaitu bagian awal yang tidak dapat diubah, dan bagian akhir yang dapat diubah. Pendekatan ini dinamakan rolling time window yang ada dalam suatu horizon penjadwalan sambung-menyambung secara bergulir (rolling), yaitu bagian akhir suatu time window akan berubah menjadi bagian awal time window berikutnya dan saat pergantian time window merupakan saat penjadwalan ulang.

Metoda yang digunakan ini adalah metoda penjadwalan dengan penentuan panjang Time Window yang diusulkan oleh Sun dan Lin (1994) yang kemudian dikembangkan lebih jauh lagi oleh Yosephin Suharyanti (2000) menjadi metoda Time Window Forward Scheduling (TWFS) dengan fungsi tujuan meminimasi total biaya tardiness dan earliness, serta dapat menyederhanakan pencarian solusi dan mengakomodasi gangguan datangnya job baru.

Kerta Karkim Unit INKABA. merupakan salah satu perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Daerah(BUMD) Tingkat I Jawa Barat yang bergerak dalam bidang Industri Karet dengan tingkat variasiproduk yang tinggi, waktu penerimaan pesanan yang tidak tentu, waktu pengiriman produk yang berbeda-beda, sehingga perusahaan mengalami kesulitan dalam meminimasi waktu keterlambatan (tardiness) pada pesanan yang baru karena pesanan yang baru belum tentu memiliki due-date yang lebih besar dari pesanan yang datang terlebih dahulu dan mengalami kesulitan dalam meminimasi terjadinya kelebihdinian produksi (earliness), jika waktu penyelesaian pesanan tersebut lebih kecil dari due-datenya, sehingga perlu ditentukan panjang waktu untuk penjadwalan (time window) agar memudahkan pembuatan jadwal.

Dari hasil pengolahan data dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat panjang time window yang memberikan total tardiness dan earliness minimum, yaitu pada time window 250 Jam dengan total biaya tardiness dan earliness sebesar Rp 1.629.353,67. sehingga panjang time window hasil pengolahan tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melakukan penjadwalan pada horison penjadwalan berikutnya.
Pemodelan dan Simulasi Olah Yudha (War Game Simulation)
Authors: Sridadi Bambang
Published: March 2022

Simulasi waktu nyata (real time simulation) dan dunia maya (synthetic environment) merupakan salah satu bentuk kemajuan teknologi informasi yang dapat membantu perbaikan tingkat keberhasilan suatu sistem nyata atau sistem baru. Salah satu bentuk gabungan antara teknologi simulasi dan teknologi wahana sintetik adalah Simulasi Olah Yudha (SOY) atau war game simulation. Sistem SOY merupakan suatu wahana latihan (training device) yang digunakan untuk melatih komandan dan staf personil anggota Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mengambil keputusan strategis dan taktis operasional olah yudha dalam melakukan misinya. Tulisan ini menjelaskan proses perancangan model dan implementasi suatu prototipe sistem SOY.

Konfigurasi prototipe sistem SOY yang dikembangkan terdiri dari perangkat keras (hardware),dan perangkat lunak (software). Perangkat keras terdiri dari 4 (empat) buah komputer pribadi (PC- Personal Computer) yang terhubung secara jaringan lokal (local area network). Perangkat lunak adalah berupa program simulasi waktu nyata olah yudha yang ditulis dengan pendekatan berorientasi objek (object-oriented), multithreading dan multitasking dalam Borland C--- Builder (BCB) dan dieksekusi pada sistem operasi Windows NT dan Windows 98 dengan model eksekusi client-server, terdiri dari game engine dan graphic engine.
Analisis Pengaruh Katalis pada Reaksi Esterifikasi Minyak Sawit Mentah
Authors: Didi Didi , Febrianto Febrianto , Tasroni Tasroni
Published: March 2022

Minyak Sawit Mentah (CPO) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku oleokimia, dimana komponen dasar oleokimia terdiri dari: asam lemak, ester, alkohol, komponen nitrogen dan gliserol. Pemanfaatan oleokimia ini antara lain untuk industri lilin, produksi kosmetika, sabun, bahan pembantu dalam pengolahan karet sebagai platisizer. 

Selama ini pemanfaatan CPO hanya sebagai bahan baku minyak goreng dan margarin. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan teknologi, kebutuhan akan minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO) semakin besar untuk industri pangan dan non pangan. Pemanfaatan CPO ini belum optimal, oleh sebab itu alangkah baiknya apabila CPO ini diproses kembali untuk meningkatkan nilai jual diantaranya diolah sebagai ester, melalui proses esterifikasi.

Untuk mempercepat proses esterifikasi minyak sawit mentah, salah satu hal yang dilakukan adalah dengan penambahan katalis. Katalis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah katalis homogen [asam (H2SO4) dan basa (NaOH)], dengan % berat masing masing adalah 0,5%; 2%; dan 3%.

Dari hasil analisa dengan menggunakan metoda asetin perolehan % gliserol yang tertinggi pada proses batch dan katalis homogen adalah pada kondisi penambahan katalis asam (H2SO4) dengan 3% berat, waktu reaksi 60 menit, temperatur reaksi 63oC, dan putaran pengaduk 240 rpm yaitu sebesar 91,05%.
Planning and designing of experiments
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Dunchenko N.I.
Published: March 2022

The textbook outlines the main issues related to the organization of scientific research within the framework of the final qualifying work of masters in the field of training 19.04.03 - Animal food. The basic concepts and functions of science, the organization of scientific research in Russia, information search in scientific research, the basics of planning and organizing scientific research, scientific research in quality management are considered.
DECORATIVE DENDROLOGY. DEPARTMENT OF FLOWER MAGNOLIOPHYTA
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Sorokopudov V.N.
Published: March 2022

The publication, prepared in accordance with the State Educational Standard, takes into account the peculiarities of the discipline "Decorative dendrology" in agricultural universities. The information about the most widespread woody species of the Flowering Magnoliophyta department is given.
Kazan University in the Early 1870s as Seen by a Kievan Master of Science: Some Comments on the Master’s Thesis Defense by I.V. Luchitsky
Authors:   Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia, Luchitskaya S.I.
Published: March 2022

The year 2021 marks 150 years since the great Russian and Ukrainian historian, the representative of the école russe Ivan Vasilievich Luchitsky defended his Master’s thesis at the Kazan University. This article publishes for the first time seven letters by I.V. Luchitsky preserved in his personal collection at the Institute of Manuscript of Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. The letters presented here were written in Kazan where the young scholar arrived early in October 1871 in order to defend his thesis titled “Feudal Aristocracy and Calvinists in France” before the jury of the Imperial Kazan University. The publication of the handwritten sources is essential for several reasons: firstly, they bring to light some new facts about the historian’s biography; secondly, they give an idea of the thesis defense procedure in the post-reform Russia; thirdly, they describe the daily life of the Kazan University in the early 1870s, thus being a valuable source for historians. Besides the letters, the scholars and public figures of Kazan who were famous during that period are characterized.
Anthropological View of Plague Epidemics in the Historical Past
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Khaydarov T.F. , Dolbin D.A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, 420012 Russia
Published: March 2022

At many times in their history, humans have faced major epidemics. The “Black Death”, which broke out in the middle of the 14th century, is believed to be the deadliest one. The total number of the deceased population and the scale in many ways had a dramatic impact on the course of subsequent historical events. Until recently, the myths dating back to the Middle Ages have prevailed in scientific circles. They have remained unrevised despite the latest achievements in the research on the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis, the history of climate and medicine, and the extensive published data, making it of an interest to both reconsider certain established dogmas and reconstruct the algorithm of the course of major plague epidemics from the historical past using the results of the available paleogenetic, epidemiological, and climatological studies. This triggered our discussion on the nonlinear nature of the course of plague pandemics. The analysis of the historical sources showed that the scale and speed of the spread of plague epidemics in new territories directly depended on the degree of inclusion of cities and regions of the Afro-Eurasian space in the economic system of the Great Silk Road, the proximity to various epidemic centers of plague. The decisive influence of the anthropogenic factor on the duration and main directions of the spread of plague epidemics was revealed. The multivariate onset and course of pandemic plague waves were recognized. Therefore, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact place where the spread of the plague epidemics ended or to identify their consequences.
Coarse Motley Shirts with the Elements of Discontinuous Supplementary-Weft Weaving among the Peoples of the Volga-Urals Region (On the History of Formation of the Traditions)
Authors:   R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450077 Russia, Nechvaloda E.E.
Published: March 2022

This research aims at specifying the territory and time of the establishment of traditions to decorate women’s shirts with discontinuous supplementary-weft weaving among the peoples of the Volga-Urals region, as well as at identifying the ethnic environment in which these traditions had their roots. Certain ethnographic, ethnoreligious, and ethnoterritorial groups of the peoples in the region acquainted with the tradition under study and the territory of its emergence were analyzed using the historical comparative method and taking into account the history of migrations of these ethnic groups, their neighborhood environments, and major vectors of their interethnic interactions. The results obtained reveal that during the early 20th century women’s shirts in the Volga-Urals region were made following two distinct traditions in using the elements of discontinuous supplementary-weft weaving as a decoration that differed over time and place of their formation. The earliest one is associated with decorating the coarse motley shirt along the lower edge with a sewn-in patterned ribbon made using the discontinuous supplementary-weft weaving technique. Among the Tatars of the Volga regions, this type of decoration appeared by the mid-17th century. In the Bashkir, Udmurt, and Mari costumes, such shirts were the borrowed element. Another tradition, to decorate shirts with supplementary-weft rosettes distributed evenly across the surface, became established no earlier than the mid-19th century within the area where the interactions between the Tatars and Bashkirs took place and where similar shirts were observed in the early 20th century among the Tatars, Bashkirs, Udmurts, and Maris, i.e. in the northwestern part of the Ufa Province and the adjacent northern and western territories. The results obtained can be used for further studies of traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga-Urals region and their interethnic interactions.
Soviet Historical Science Development in the Second Half of the 1980s: Challenges of Perestroika
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, 644077 Russia, Metel O.V.
Published: March 2022

This article considers the development of Soviet historical science during the second half of the 1980s based on the analysis of periodicals, private sources, as well as clerical and other documents of Soviet universities and academic institutions. During the first stage, i.e., in 1985–1987, historians had to respond to the “challenge posed by the party” and turn to studying the topical problems of the recent past. However, the system of Soviet historical science was “stable” enough to cope with this “challenge” without profound transformations of the long-established mechanism of work among academic institutions and universities. The second stage of the Soviet historical science reorganization, i.e., in the second half of 1988–1990, was characterized by more radical changes that implied the institutional restructuring implemented within the framework of the program for the reorganization of the existing research centers and the “turn” to solving the urgent research problems. Additionally, a new space of public history, where publicists, writers, and historians discussed the “acute” problems of the recent past was developing with the very legitimacy of official Soviet historiography questioned.
Reception of the Ukrainophilic Ideas by Russian Periodicals during the First Half of the 1860s: Democratic and Protective Approaches
Authors:   Perm State University, Perm, 614990 Russia, Rachev E.R.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses how Russian periodicals responded to the Ukrainophilic views that were widely supported by Russian society during the early 1860s. The writers from the bilingual magazine “Osnova” (‘Basis’), particularly N.I. Kostomarov and P.A. Kulish, actively contributed to the achievements of the first generation of Ukrainophiles. The latter elaborated and presented their program aimed to preserve the Little Russia culture. The results of the analysis of the periodical sources show that the printed media of the period under study had polarized views on the national identity of Little Russia and divided into two factions: the democratic and protective ones. The democratic approach was led by the magazines “Sovremennik” (‘The Contemporary’) and “Otechestvennye Zapiski” (‘Annals of the Fatherland’) that considered the new provincial movement as the beginning of Narodism. The key supporters of the protective approach were the newspaper “Den’” (‘The Day’) and the magazine “Russkii Vestnik” (‘The Russian Bulletin’) that criticized the Ukrainian legacy adherents for separating the Russian nationalities. The stages of the evolution of the Russian periodicals’ attitude to Ukrainophiles were singled out. The main factors that influenced it were revealed. The consequences of the short-term prevalence of the Ukrainian “selfhood” ideology among publicists of the Russian Empire and its influence on the subsequent development of the Ukrainophilia movement were summarized.
The Centenary of the Decembrist Revolt in the Socio-Cultural Context of the 1920s: Ways of Crafting the Historical Memory
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, 644077 Russia, Bakhturin V.V.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the practices of perpetuating the names of the Decembrists in the first half of the 1920s in various geocultural landscapes. The focus is on the anniversary campaign, which included drawing up a program of events, goals and objectives faced by public figures and the scientific association of historians, as well as the methods and means used to reconstruct the past in the regions. These issues were covered based on the materials from a number of periodicals and the anniversary literature of Moscow and Leningrad, the Ukrainian SSR, and Siberian cities. The analysis of the available sources showed that the centenary celebrations of the Decembrist Revolt viewed and represented the events of December 1825 from different perspectives. In the capital cities (Moscow and Leningrad), a political myth about the “first generation of revolutionaries” appeared. The commemorative practices contributed to the consolidation of the revolutionary images of the past in the public consciousness. The Ukrainian SSR was the second major center for celebrating the centenary. The Ukrainian historical science, on the contrary, abandoned the official version of the Decembrist Revolt and created its own narrative, in which the Decembrists were described as “Ukrainian heroes” who stood on the legacy of the independence of Little Russia. Siberia, as a place of exile for convicts and state criminals, supported the revolutionary canon of the center and, at the same time, portrayed the Decembrists as “Siberian enlighteners”. The commemorative practices presented the Siberian cities as the “places of memory” about the Decembrists. The centenary contributed to the nationalization and glorification of the images of the Decembrist Revolt and the exile of the Decembrists to Siberia in the historical memory of society.
DIRECTIONS OF KNOWLEDGE AND SCHOOLS IN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors:   Uppsala University, Department of History, Uppsala, 751 26 Sweden, Torstendahl R.
Published: March 2022

After a short terminological introduction, this article discusses the origin of schools as collective knowledge producers. European historiography had not seen such schools until Leopold von Ranke started his teaching, which included historical research through seminars. His school became paradigmatic. However, from the late 19th century, nationalist historians, who rallied around political ideas rather than around new historical knowledge, challenged the Rankean conception. Another challenge came from historians gathering around a French journal, the Annales. From Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre, these historians had different ideas about historical research, but there were links between the conceptions of history in the second and third generation of editors. Thereby, they also came to precede the present with its different directions of historiography based on ideas of fruitful areas for research.
THE PHENOMENON OF THE GRAVESTONE PORTRAIT IN POLISH SARMATISM
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts named after Ilya Repin, Moon Elizaveta A.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the phenomenon of the gravestone portrait as a structural element of funerals within the Sarmatyzm culture. It studies the main types of tombstone portraits and the materials on which they were made. The author tells that the tradition of making and fixing tombstone portraits originates from an ancient ritual about the participation of a double of a de- ceased person. It is noted that the tombstone portraits were nailed to the end of the coffin and was directed in such a way that it was visible to all participants of the funeral procession. Special attention was paid to the decoration and deco- ration of the tombstone portrait, and the figures of angels acted as decorations. In this regard, the church service was conducted being focused directly on the tombstone portrait. The conclusion is formulated that the gravestone portrait personified the deceased in the funeral procession.
SOME ASPECTS OF CRITICISM OF THE TEACHINGS OF ARCHP. S. BULGAKOV IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TOPIC OF THE CORRELATION OF PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University of Humanities, Pavliuchenkov Nikolai N.
Published: March 2022

The article considers V.N. Lossky’s criticism of the teachings of Prot. S. Bulgakov in the context of the topic of the correlation of philosophy and theology. Examples of N.A. Berdyaev’s assessments of the state of contem- porary theology in Russia and encyclopedic definitions of the features of theol- ogy are given. Attention is drawn to the complexity of the issue and the lack of clear criteria by which Christian theology can be distinguished from Christian religious philosophy. In that connection, the criteria for such a distinction, which were proposed by V.N. Lossky, are considered: the need for “apophase” in theological research and the theologian’s stay in the mystical “stream” of the Tradition of the Church. V.N. Lossky linked those requirements necessary for the theologian to the concept of “ecclesiasticism”. Thus, he once again raised the question of the need to give a dogmatically precise definition of the Church and its “borders”. After a brief analysis of the formulation of a similar issue by E.N. Trubetskoy in the early twentieth century the author makes the principal conclusion that the concept of “boundaries of the Church”, as well as the criteria for distinguishing theology and religious philosophy, is apparently impossible to give a rational definition.
PUBLIC ASPECTS OF LOBBYING
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Levicheva Valentina F.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the promotion of public interests as a pro- cess of interaction and competition between various groups and organizations (NGOs, social movements, professional associations, etc.) that convey social issues, expressing their concerns and seeking solutions from the authorities. The author calls into question the rather widespread point of view that any really serious flaw in the social structure of society becomes the topic of public discourse and gets the attention of the authorities. Reliance on the “fairness” of the public interest asserted does not exclude such phenomena as clientelism and favoritism. The author shows that there is not, and cannot be, any even nominal equidistance of public interest groups from the institutions of power, and lobbying efficiency depends on the resource, organizational, value and cul- tural factors. Special attention is paid to the analysis of correlation between the institutional and informal in lobbying public interests.
CONFESSIONS IN THE PUBLIC LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Federal Sociological Center, Mchedlova Elena M.
Published: March 2022

The article describes the situation in the field of public policy and state-confessional relations, not only in the socio-cultural context, but also in the socio-political, legal, and confessional. The article analyzes confessional identity, which is becoming one of the main parameters of the modern political process and affecting the specifics of political institutions and sys- tems. The independence of citizens from worldview preferences revealed dur- ing the monitoring sociological studies showed a relative unity of opinions about the images of the future and did not reveal irreconcilable contradic- tions between followers of different confessions, demonstrating sustainable value development. The article considers such public policy instruments as: populism, Euros- cepticism, etc., used by religious confessions and their leaders in their activities. They advocate the protection of democratic values and basic human rights. Meanwhile, the growing degree of radicalization in the religious environment can lead to conflicts and temporary destabilization of society.
ELDERLY RUSSIANS AT RISK OF COVID-19
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Kienko Tat’yana S. , Ptitsyna Natal’ya A. ,   Ivanovo State University
Published: March 2022

With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, people over 65 became objects of special “care” and restrictions, which led to social exclusion a reduction in the living space, mobility and freedom, a decrease in the kinetic and social activity, and “secondary damage”. Following the materials of inter- views in two Russian regions (Ivanovo and Rostov regions), the authors define typical and special issues of older people, lifestyle changes in the conditions of COVID-19, reactions to restrictions and risks. An analysis of the experi- ence of the emotions feeling and reacting to changes in the “coronavirus” and “post-coronavirus” world shows the extreme heterogeneity of an elderly people group. The artificial age stratification frame of 65 years for all Russians without taking into account their own opinions, lifestyle characteristics, life goals and values, social, labor, medical, etc. status increases the segregation, exclusion, age inequality. The complexity of the social consequences of restrictions for elderly people gains newfound relevance for the application of the syndemic approach in the sociology of aging.