bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upregulated expression of substance P and NK1R in blood monocytes and B cells of patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Han Peixuan , Chen Liping , Chen Dong , Yang Ruiming , Wang Wei , Liu Jingyu , He Shaoheng , Zhang Huiyun
Published: August 2022

Increased expression of substance P (SP) and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) has been noticed in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA). However, little is known of the expression of SP and NK1R in monocytes and B cells of AR and AA. In the present study, the expression levels of SP and NK1R were determined by flow cytometry and mouse AR and AA models. The results showed that both percentages of SP+ monocytes and SP+ B cells, and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of SP in monocytes were elevated in the blood of AA and AR combined with AA (ARA) patients. Similarly, the percentages of NK1R+ monocytes were elevated in the blood of AR, AA, and ARA patients. Allergens Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE), house dust mite extract (HDME), and Platanus pollen allergen extract (PPE) increased the expression density of SP molecules (determined by MFI) in an individual monocyte of AR patients. HDME and PPE appeared to enhance SP and NK1R expression in the B cells of ARA and AR patients. In the mouse AR and AA models, the percentages of NK1R+ monocytes and B cells were elevated in blood following OVA (ovalbumin) sensitization and challenge. Knocking out the FcεRI molecule completely abolished the OVA-induced upregulation of expression of NK1R in monocytes and B cells of AA mice. In conclusion, upregulated expressions of SP and NK1R may contribute to the pathogenesis of airway allergy.
The effects of pre-cue posterior alpha on post-cue alpha activity and target processing in visual spatial attention tasks with instructional and probabilistic cues
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Wang Jianan , Sun Junfeng , Li Chunbo , Tong Shanbao , Hong Xiangfei
Published: August 2022

The electroencephalography alpha-band (8–13 Hz) activity may represent a crucial neural substrate of visual spatial attention. However, factors likely contributing to alpha activity have not been adequately addressed, which impedes understanding its functional roles. We investigated whether pre-cue alpha power was associated with post-cue alpha activity in 2 independent experiments (n = 30 each) with different cueing strategies (instructional vs. probabilistic) by median-splitting subjects (between-subject) or trials (within-subject) according to pre-cue alpha. In both experiments, only subjects with higher pre-cue alpha showed significant post-cue alpha desynchronization and alpha lateralization, while whether trials had higher or lower pre-cue alpha affected post-cue alpha desynchronization but not alpha lateralization. Furthermore, significant attentional modulation of target processing indexed by N1 component was observed in subjects and trials regardless of higher or lower pre-cue alpha in the instructional cueing experiment. While in the probabilistic cueing experiment, N1 attentional modulation was only observed in higher pre-cue alpha subjects and lower pre-cue alpha trials. In summary, by demonstrating the effects of pre-cue alpha and cueing strategy on post-cue alpha activity and target processing, our results suggest the necessity of considering these 2 contributing factors when investigating the functional roles of alpha activity in visual spatial attention.
Chronology of Practice: Chinese Practice in Public International Law in 2020
Authors: Wu Xiaohui
Published: August 2022

This Survey covers materials reflecting Chinese practice in 2020 relating to: treaties, agreements and other documents signed or ratified by the People’s Republic of China; national legislation; statements made by Chinese representatives at the meetings of the UN and other international organizations, international conferences, and those made by the Foreign Ministry spokespersons, with respect to various branches of international law; and judicial decisions, in particular on the applicability and application of international conventions, by Chinese courts.
Longitudinal Changes in Subclinical Vascular Disease in Ugandan Youth With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Dirajlal-Fargo Sahera , Zhao Chenya , Labbato Danielle , Sattar Abdus , Karungi Christine , Longenecker Chris T , Nazzinda Rashidah , Funderburg Nicholas , Kityo Cissy , Musiime Victor , McComsey Grace A
Published: August 2022

Background

Prospective investigations on the risk of cardiovascular disease among youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study was performed in 101 youth (aged 10–18 years) with PHIV and 97 who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uninfected (HIV−), from 2017 to 2021 at the Joint Clinical Research Center in Uganda. Participants with PHIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and had HIV-1 RNA levels ≤400 copies/mL. The common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated at baseline and at 96 weeks. Groups were compared using unpaired t-test, and potential predictors of IMT and PWV were assessed using quantile regression.

Results

Of the 198 participants recruited at baseline, 168 (89 with PHIV, 79 HIV−) had measurements at 96 weeks. The median age (interquartile range) age was 13 (11–15) years; 52% were female, and 85% had viral loads <50 copies/mL that remained undetectable at week 96. The baseline mean common carotid artery IMT was slightly higher in participants with PHIV compared with controls (P < .01), and PWV did not differ between groups (P = .08). At week 96, IMT decreased and PWV increased in the PHIV group (P ≤ .03); IMT increased in the HIV− group (P = .03), with no change in PWV (P = .92). In longitudinal analyses in those with PHIV, longer ART duration was associated with lower PWV (β = .008 [95% confidence interval, −.008 to .003]), and abacavir use with greater IMT (β = .043 [.012–.074]).

Conclusions

In healthy Ugandan youth with PHIV, virally suppressed by ART, the common carotid artery IMT did not progress over 2 years. Prolonged and early ART may prevent progression of subclinical vascular disease, while prolonged use of abacavir may increase it.
Mesenteric elasticity assessed by shear wave elastography and its relationship with peritoneal function in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Diao Xiangwen , Chen Yujun , Lin Jianxiong , Xu Ming , Cao Peiyi , Peng Yuan , Wu Haishan , Guo Qunying , Huang Fengxian , Mao Haiping , Yu Xueqing , Xie Xiaoyan , Yang Xiao
Published: August 2022

Background

We evaluated the mesenteric elasticity in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using shear wave elastography (SWE) and investigated its relationships with peritoneal function.

Methods

Patients were recruited in our peritoneal dialysis (PD) centre between 15 July 2019 and 31 December 2021 and followed up to 31 March 2022. Twelve chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and nineteen healthy people were included as controls. Correlation, linear regression and Cox regression analyses were applied.

Results

Of the 218 PD patients, 104 (47.8%) were male. Their mean age was 48.0 ± 13.2 years and the median PD duration was 59.0 months [interquartile range (IQR) 17.0–105]. The median mesenteric SWE value was 8.15 kPa (IQR 5.20–16.1). The mesenteric SWE values of patients with a PD duration of <3 months [5.20 kPa (IQR 3.10–7.60)] were not significantly different from those of CKD patients [4.35 kPa (IQR 2.63–5.20), P = .17] and healthy controls [3.60 kPa (IQR 2.90–5.10), P = .13] but were lower than those of patients with a PD duration of 3 months–5 years [6.40 kPa (IQR 4.10–10.5), P < .001], 5–10 years [11.9 kPa (IQR 7.40–18.2), P < .001] and >10 years [19.3 kPa (IQR 11.7–27.3), P < .001]. Longer PD duration (β = 0.58, P < .001), high effluent interleukin-6 (β = 0.61, P = .001) and low effluent cancer antigen 125 (β = −0.34, P = .03) were independently associated with low mesenteric elasticity. The mesenteric SWE value was independently correlated with the dialysate:plasma creatinine ratio (β = 0.39, P = .01) and negatively correlated with the total daily fluid volume removed (β = −0.17, P = .03). High mesenteric SWE values were an independent risk factor for death-censored technique failure [adjusted hazard ratio 4.14 (95% confidence interval 1.25–13.7), P = .02).

Conclusions

SWE could be used to non-invasively characterize peritoneal textural changes, which were closely associated with changes in peritoneal function.
A Qualitative Methods Approach to Reimagine Education-Related Parental Involvement among Low–Socioeconomic Status Families
Authors: Perrigo Judith L , Hurlburt Michael , Harris Taylor , Villamil Grest Carolina , Borja Jessica , Samek Anya
Published: August 2022

Disparities in academic achievement have been well documented between low– and high–socioeconomic status (SES) students in the United States. Studies point to education-related parental involvement as a key factor in academic accomplishments, with higher parental involvement facilitating higher academic achievement. However, current definitions of parental involvement neglect interpretations of parental involvement held by low-SES parents. This work explored these definitions held by low-SES families through focus groups (n = 10) and individual interviews (n = 23) with parents of school-age children. Findings suggest that low-SES parents define parental involvement to include the vital role of siblings, limited communication with teachers unless behavioral or academic problems arise, and activating informal enrichment activities. Factors that hindered their involvement include having limited time for engaging in education-related activities and poor proficiency in educational materials. These findings suggest that the concept of parental involvement ought to be conceptualized in more nuanced ways to support the closure of the academic achievement gap between students from low- and high-SES families.
Inflammatory pathways in heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: implications for future interventions
Authors: Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Filidei Francesco , De Biase Nicolò , Maffia Pasquale , Guzik Tomasz J , Masi Stefano , Taddei Stefano , Cleland John G F
Published: August 2022

Many patients with symptoms and signs of heart failure have a left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, termed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a heterogeneous syndrome mainly affecting older people who have many other cardiac and non-cardiac conditions that often cast doubt on the origin of symptoms, such as breathlessness, or signs, such as peripheral oedema, rendering them neither sensitive nor specific to the diagnosis of HFpEF. Currently, management of HFpEF is mainly directed at controlling symptoms and treating comorbid conditions such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, anaemia, and coronary artery disease.

HFpEF is also characterized by a persistent increase in inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammation may be a key driver of the development and progression of HFpEF and many of its associated comorbidities. Detailed characterization of specific inflammatory pathways may provide insights into the pathophysiology of HFpEF and guide its future management. There is growing interest in novel therapies specifically designed to target deregulated inflammation in many therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular disease. However, large-scale clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments in HFpEF are still lacking. In this manuscript, we review the role of inflammation in HFpEF and the possible implications for future trials.
Multimodality imaging and transcriptomics to phenotype mitral valve dystrophy in a unique knock-in Filamin-A rat model
Authors: Delwarde Constance , Toquet Claire , Aumond Pascal , Kayvanjoo Amir Hossein , Foucal Adrien , Le Vely Benjamin , Baudic Manon , Lauzier Benjamin , Blandin Stéphanie , Véziers Joëlle , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine , Lecointe Simon , Baron Estelle , Massaiu Ilaria , Poggio Paolo , Rémy Séverine , Anegon Ignacio , Le Marec Hervé , Monassier Laurent , Schott Jean-Jacques , Mass Elvira , Barc Julien , Le Tourneau Thierry , Merot Jean , Capoulade Romain
Published: August 2022

Aims

Degenerative mitral valve dystrophy (MVD) leading to mitral valve prolapse is the most frequent form of MV disease, and there is currently no pharmacological treatment available. The limited understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to MVD limits our ability to identify therapeutic targets. This study aimed to reveal the main pathophysiological pathways involved in MVD via the multimodality imaging and transcriptomic analysis of the new and unique knock-in (KI) rat model for the FilaminA-P637Q (FlnA-P637Q) mutation associated-MVD.

Methods and results

Wild-type (WT) and KI rats were evaluated morphologically, functionally, and histologically between 3-week-old and 3-to-6-month-old based on Doppler echocardiography, 3D micro-computed tomography (microCT), and standard histology. RNA-sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC-seq) were performed on 3-week-old WT and KI mitral valves and valvular cells, respectively, to highlight the main signalling pathways associated with MVD. Echocardiographic exploration confirmed MV elongation (2.0 ± 0.1 mm vs. 1.8 ± 0.1, P = 0.001), as well as MV thickening and prolapse in KI animals compared to WT at 3 weeks. 3D MV volume quantified by microCT was significantly increased in KI animals (+58% vs. WT, P = 0.02). Histological analyses revealed a myxomatous remodelling in KI MV characterized by proteoglycans accumulation. A persistent phenotype was observed in adult KI rats. Signalling pathways related to extracellular matrix homeostasis, response to molecular stress, epithelial cell migration, endothelial to mesenchymal transition, chemotaxis and immune cell migration, were identified based on RNA-seq analysis. ATAC-seq analysis points to the critical role of transforming growth factor-β and inflammation in the disease.

Conclusion

The KI FlnA-P637Q rat model mimics human myxomatous MVD, offering a unique opportunity to decipher pathophysiological mechanisms related to this disease. Extracellular matrix organization, epithelial cell migration, response to mechanical stress, and a central contribution of immune cells are highlighted as the main signalling pathways leading to myxomatous MVD. Our findings pave the road to decipher underlying molecular mechanisms and the specific role of distinct cell populations in this context.
Nicotine exacerbates endothelial dysfunction and drives atherosclerosis via extracellular vesicle-miRNA
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Cong , Shi Jiaxin , Li Hairu , Jiang Shuangquan , Zhao Peng , Zhang Maomao , Du Guoqing , Fu Shuai , Li Shouqiang , Wang Zhuo , Wang Xiaokun , Gao Fei , Sun Ping , Tian Jiawei
Published: August 2022

Aims

Nicotine, a major component of tobacco, is an important factor contributing to atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the link between nicotine and atherosclerosis are unclear. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication in atherosclerosis, we investigated whether their influence on arterial pathophysiology under nicotine stimulation.

Methods and results

EVs from the serum of smokers (smoker-EVs) were significantly increased and exacerbated endothelial inflammation, as well as apoptosis according to functional studies. Meanwhile, inhibition of EVs blunted the nicotine-induced atherosclerosis progression, and injection of nicotine-induced EVs promoted atherosclerosis progression in ApoE–/– mice. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a remarkable increase in miR-155 levels in smoker-EVs, which was correlated with carotid plaque formation in patients measured by ultrasound imaging. Moreover, CD14 levels were significantly increased in EVs from smokers (representing EVs derived from monocytes), indicating that monocytes are an important source of smoker-EVs. DNA methylation and the transcription factor HIF1α may contribute to increased miR-155 levels in monocytes, as assessed with bisulfite conversion sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Mechanistically, EVs encapsulated miR-155 induced endothelial cell dysfunction by directedly targeting BCL2, MCL1, TIMP3, BCL6, and activating NF-κB pathway, as verified in a series of molecular and biological experiments. Injecting EVs from nicotine-stimulated monocytes promoted plaque formation and triggered vascular endothelial injury in ApoE–/– mice, whereas inhibition of miR-155 weakened this effect.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed an EV-dependent mechanism of nicotine-aggravated atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we propose an EV-based intervention strategy for atherosclerosis management.
Deaf Language Specialists: Delivering Language Therapy in Signed Languages
Authors: Hoskin Joanna , Herman Ros , Woll Bencie
Published: August 2022

Deaf professionals, whom we term Deaf Language Specialists (DLS), are frequently employed to work with children and young people who have difficulties learning sign language, but there are few accounts of this work in the literature. Through questionnaires and focus groups, 23 DLSs described their work in this area. Deductive thematic analysis was used to identify how this compared to the work of professionals (typically Speech and Language Therapists/Pathologists, SLPs) working with hearing children with difficulties learning spoken language. Inductive thematic analysis resulted in the identification of two additional themes: while many practices by DLSs are similar to those of SLPs working with hearing children, a lack of training, information, and resources hampers their work; additionally, the cultural context of language and deafness makes this a complex and demanding area of work. These findings add to the limited literature on providing language interventions in the signed modality with clinical implications for meeting the needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing children who do not achieve expectations of learning a first language in their early years. The use of these initial results in two further study phases to co-deliver interventions and co-produce training for DLSs is briefly described.
Spatiotemporal Foraging Dynamics of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its Potential Effects on the Spatial Structure of Interspecific Competition
Authors: Vandermeer John , Flores Jennifer , Longmeyer Jacob , Perfecto Ivette
Published: August 2022

The ant communities on coffee farms in the West/Central Mountains of Puerto Rico are composed of mainly invasive species, although many have a long history of occupation and are effectively naturalized. The ecological forces that maintain such communities are thus of interest, and are evidently related to the spatial patterns in which they inevitably occur. Furthermore, the spatial patterns in which members of the native ant community forage almost certainly include limitations related to the structure of the networks of subterranean foraging tunnels that extend from the nest mounds of Solenopsis invicta. Here we explore some details of that structure. We ask, what is the pattern of foraging exit holes and the gaps between them, and how does that pattern change from farm to farm and from time to time? We encounter typical underground foraging trails punctuated by foraging exits, which, we propose, create a structure above ground of relatively small foraging exits in a matrix of effective foraging gaps. This pattern varies from nest to nest and farm to farm. Other ant species clearly occupy those gaps and seem to gain some of their resilience in the system from this peculiarity of S. invicta's foraging area structure.
Impact of residual angina on long-term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft for complex coronary artery disease
Authors: Ono Masafumi , Serruys Patrick W , Kawashima Hideyuki , Lunardi Mattia , Wang Rutao , Hara Hironori , Gao Chao , Garg Scot , O'Leary Neil , Wykrzykowska Joanna J , Piek Jan J , Holmes David R , Morice Marie-Claude , Kappetein Arie Pieter , Noack Thilo , Davierwala Piroze M , Spertus John A , Cohen David J , Onuma Yoshinobu ,   for the SYNTAX Extended Survival Investigators, Head Stuart J , Davierwala Piroze M , Mohr Friedrich-Wilhelm , Serruys Patrick W J C , Mack Michael J , Holmes David R , Morice Marie-Claude , Kappetein A Pieter
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact on 10-year survival of patient-reported anginal status at 1 year following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) and/or three-vessel CAD (3VD).

Methods and results

In this post hoc analysis of the randomized SYNTAX Extended Survival study, patients were classified as having residual angina (RA) if their self-reported Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency (SAQ-AF) scale was ≤90 at the 1-year follow-up post-revascularization with PCI or CABG. The primary endpoint of all-cause death at 10 years was compared between the RA and no-RA groups. A sensitivity analysis was performed using a 6-month SAQ-AF.

At 1 year, 373 (26.1%) out of 1428 patients reported RA. Whilst RA at 1 year was an independent correlate of repeat revascularization at 5 years [18.3 vs. 11.5%; adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.15], it was not associated with all-cause death at 10 years (22.1 vs. 21.6%; adjusted HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.83–1.47). These results were consistent when stratified by the modality of revascularization (PCI or CABG) or by anginal frequency. The sensitivity analysis replicating the analyses based on 6-month angina status resulted in similar findings.

Conclusion

Among patients with LMCAD and/or 3VD, patient-reported RA at 1 year post-revascularization was independently associated with repeat revascularization at 5 years; however, it did not significantly increase 10-year mortality, irrespective of the primary modality of revascularization or severity of RA.
The cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in the COMPASS trial
Authors: Lamy Andre , Eikelboom John , Tong Wesley , Yuan Fei , Bangdiwala Shrikant I , Bosch Jackie , Connolly Stuart , Lonn Eva , Dagenais Gilles R , Branch Kelley R H , Wang Wei-Jhih , Bhatt Deepak L , Probstfield Jeff , Ertl Georg , Störk Stefan , Steg P Gabriel , Aboyans Victor , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Ryden Lars , Yusuf Salim
Published: August 2022

Aims

The Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) trial demonstrated that rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID with aspirin 100 mg was more effective than aspirin 100 mg daily alone for the prevention of cardiovascular (CV) death, stroke, or myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban using patient-level data from the COMPASS trial.

Methods and results

We performed an in-trial analysis and extrapolated our results for 33 years using a two-state Markov model with a 1-year cycle length. Hospitalization events, procedures, and study drugs were documented for patients. We applied country-specific (Canada, France, and Germany) direct healthcare system costs (in USD) to healthcare resources consumed by patients. Average cost per patient during the trial (mean follow-up of 23 months), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and lifetime cost-effectiveness were calculated. Costs of events and procedures were reduced with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID with aspirin. The addition of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID increased total costs for the combination group. Over a lifetime horizon (in trial +33 years), rivaroxaban plus aspirin was associated with 1.17 QALYs gained, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $3946/QALY, $9962/QALY, and $10 264/QALY in Canada, France, and Germany, respectively. PAD and polyvascular disease subgroups had lower ICERs.

Conclusion

Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone reduces direct healthcare costs. After acquisition costs of rivaroxaban, the lifetime cost-effectiveness of 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin is highly cost-effective in Canada, France, and Germany.

(COMPASS ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01776424)
Landscape, National Identity and the Medieval Past in England, c.1840–1914
Authors: Readman Paul
Published: August 2022

This article re-examines the place of the Middle Ages in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century English culture. In doing so, it presents an argument about the interrelationship of landscape, history and English national identity. Emphasising the importance of the medieval past to mainstream constructions of Englishness, the article shows how this importance largely derived from the felt presence of the Middle Ages in the physical environment, in the landscape of England. Their history congealed in the fields, forests, hills, towns and villages of the present day, the Middle Ages were readily accessible through imaginative agency and possessed of vital contemporary meaning. Embodied experience of landscape offered Victorians and Edwardians compelling evidence of the long continuities of English national history, from Anglo-Saxon times onwards. In an increasingly democratic context, the medieval presence in the landscape was evidence of the continuity not only of the institutions of the realm, but of the English people themselves. Until at least the First World War, and perhaps beyond, the tangible heritage of the Middle Ages in the English landscape served as an important source of reassurance of the nation’s endurance and progress, amid the transformations of modernity.
Anterior open bite self-correction after cessation of non-nutritive sucking habits: a systematic review
Authors: Adriano Letícia Zacchi , Derech Carla D’Agostini , Massignan Carla , Flores-Mir Carlos , Porporatti André Luís , Canto Graziela De Luca , Bolan Michele
Published: August 2022

Background

Non-nutritive sucking habits likely may cause occlusal changes such as anterior open bite (AOB) if they persist over extended time.

Objectives

To assess if there is self-correction of AOB after cessation of non-nutritive sucking habits in children older than 4 years old, through a systematic review.

Search methods

Data sources included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) databases, gray literature as Google Scholar, the database System for Information on Gray Literature in Europe (OpenGrey) and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database, also hand searches of the included studies references.

Selection criteria

Studies assessing occlusal changes in children aged 4–12 years with AOB traits and non-nutritive sucking habits after the discontinuation of the habit were included.

Data collection and analysis

Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklist for quasi-experimental studies. The confidence in cumulative evidence was assessed using the GRADE criteria.

Results

Over 3100 studies, only 5 met the inclusion criteria. There is often self-correction of AOB after discontinuing the non-nutritive sucking habit, even in cases older than 4 years old. The improvement ranged between 50 and 100%. The overall quality of evidence was very low.

Conclusions

AOB self-correction after discontinuing a non-nutritive sucking habit is possible, even after 4 years old, although with very low certainty in the body of evidence. It is not clear after what age the removal from the habit is unlikely to facilitate AOB self-correction.

Registration and conflict of interest

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews code: CRD42016052171. There was no conflicting interest from the review authors.
In-hospital mortality and major complications related to radiofrequency catheter ablations of over 10 000 supraventricular arrhythmias from 2005 to 2020: individualized case analysis of multicentric administrative data
Authors: Doldi Florian , Geßler Nele , Anwar Omar , Kahle Ann-Kathrin , Scherschel Katharina , Rath Benjamin , Köbe Julia , Lange Philipp Sebastian , Frommeyer Gerrit , Metzner Andreas , Meyer Christian , Willems Stephan , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Eckardt Lars
Published: August 2022

Aims

The incidence of in-hospital post-interventional complications and mortality after ablation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) vary among the type of procedure and most likely the experience of the centre. As ablation therapy of SVT is progressively being established as first-line therapy, further assessment of post-procedural complication rates is crucial for health care quality.

Methods and results

We aimed at determining the incidence of in-hospital mortality and bleeding complications from SVT ablations in German high-volume electrophysiological centres between 2005 and 2020. All cases were registered by the German Diagnosis Related Groups—and the German Operation and Procedure Classification (OPS) system. A uniform search for SVT ablations from 2005 to 2020 with the same OPS codes defining the type of ablation/arrhythmia as well as the presence of a vascular complication, cardiac tamponade, and/or in-hospital death was performed. An overall of 47 610 ablations with 10 037 SVT ablations were registered from 2005 to 2020 among three high-volume centres. An overall complication rate of 0.5% (n = 38) was found [median age, 64; ±15 years; female n = 26 (68%)]. All-cause mortality was 0.02% (n = 2) and both patients had major prior co-morbidities precipitating a lethal outcome irrespective of the ablation procedure. Vascular complications occurred in 10 patients (0.1%), and cardiac tamponade was detected in 26 cases (0.3%).

Conclusion

The present case-based analysis shows an overall low incidence of in-hospital complications after SVT ablation highlighting the overall very good safety profile of SVT ablations in high-volume centres. Further prospective analysis is still warranted to guarantee continuous quality control and optimal patient care.
Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with temporary external pacemakers
Authors: Fyenbo Daniel Benjamin , Jensen Morten Steen Kvistholm , Kronborg Mads Brix , Kristensen Jens , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Witt Christoffer Tobias
Published: August 2022

Aims

To describe safety and feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with transvenous temporary external pacemakers and whether artefacts affect the diagnostic image quality during cardiac MRI.

Methods and results

We reviewed records of all patients treated with temporary external pacing between 2016 and 2020 at a tertiary centre. Temporary pacing was established using a transvenous standard active fixation pacing lead inserted percutaneously and connected to a MRI-conditional pacemaker taped to the skin. All patients undergoing cardiac or non-cardiac MRI during temporary transvenous pacing were identified. Before MRI, devices were programmed according to guidelines for permanent pacemakers, and patients were monitored with continuous electrocardiogram during MRI. Of 827 consecutive patients receiving a temporary external pacemaker, a total of 44 (5%) patients underwent MRI (mean age 71 years, 13 [30%] females). Cardiac MRI was performed in 22 (50%) patients, while MRI of cerebrum, spine, and other regions was performed in the remaining patients. Median time from implantation of the temporary device to MRI was 6 (3–11) days. During MRI, we observed no device-related malfunction or arrhythmia. Nor did we detect any change in lead sensing, impedance, or pacing threshold. We observed no artefacts from the lead or pacemaker compromising the diagnostic image quality of cardiac MRI. MRI provided information to guide the clinical management in all cases.

Conclusion

MRI is feasible and safe in patients with temporary external pacing established with a regular MRI-conditional pacemaker and a standard active fixation lead. No artefacts compromised the diagnostic image quality.
Cellular Bioenergetics: Experimental Evidence for Alcohol-induced Adaptations
Authors: Simon Liz , Molina Patricia E
Published: August 2022

At-risk alcohol use is associated with multisystemic effects and end-organ injury, and significantly contributes to global health burden. Several alcohol-mediated mechanisms have been identified, with bioenergetic maladaptation gaining credence as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cellular injury. This evidence-based review focuses on the current knowledge of alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues: liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain. Alcohol metabolism itself significantly interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, particularly the liver. Alcohol decreases states of respiration in the electron transport chain, and activity and expression of respiratory complexes, with a net effect to decrease ATP content. In addition, alcohol dysregulates major metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. These bioenergetic alterations are influenced by alcohol-mediated changes in mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics. The review highlights similarities and differences in bioenergetic adaptations according to tissue type, pattern of (acute vs. chronic) alcohol use, and energy substrate availability. The compromised bioenergetics synergizes with other critical pathophysiological mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress and accelerates cellular dysfunction, promoting senescence, programmed cell death, and end-organ injury.
Propagation of Pacemaker Activity and Peristaltic Contractions in the Mouse Renal Pelvis Rely on Ca2+-activated Cl− Channels and T-Type Ca2+ Channels
Authors: Grainger Nathan , Shonnard Cameron C , Quiggle Sage K , Fox Emily B , Presley Hannah , Daugherty Robbie , Shonnard Matthew C , Drumm Bernard T , Sanders Kenton M
Published: August 2022

The process of urine removal from the kidney occurs via the renal pelvis (RP). The RP demarcates the beginning of the upper urinary tract and is endowed with smooth muscle cells. Along the RP, organized contraction of smooth muscle cells generates the force required to move urine boluses toward the ureters and bladder. This process is mediated by specialized pacemaker cells that are highly expressed in the proximal RP that generate spontaneous rhythmic electrical activity to drive smooth muscle depolarization. The mechanisms by which peristaltic contractions propagate from the proximal to distal RP are not fully understood. In this study, we utilized a transgenic mouse that expresses the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP3, under a myosin heavy chain promotor to visualize spreading peristaltic contractions in high spatial detail. Using this approach, we discovered variable effects of L-type Ca2+ channel antagonists on contraction parameters. Inhibition of T-type Ca2+ channels reduced the frequency and propagation distance of contractions. Similarly, antagonizing Ca2+-activated Cl− channels or altering the transmembrane Cl− gradient decreased contractile frequency and significantly inhibited peristaltic propagation. These data suggest that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are important determinants of contraction initiation and maintain the fidelity of peristalsis as the spreading contraction moves further toward the ureter. Recruitment of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels, likely Anoctamin-1, and T-type Ca2+ channels are required for efficiently conducting the depolarizing current throughout the length of the RP. These mechanisms are necessary for the efficient removal of urine from the kidney.
Interventional inflammatory bowel disease: endoscopic therapy of complications of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Shen Bo
Published: August 2022

Endoscopic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) or IBD surgery-associated complications or namely interventional IBD has become the main treatment modality for Crohn’s disease, bridging medical and surgical treatments. Currently, the main applications of interventional IBD are (i) strictures; (ii) fistulas and abscesses; (iii) bleeding lesions, bezoars, foreign bodies, and polyps; (iv) post-operative complications such as acute and chronic anastomotic leaks; and (v) colitis-associated neoplasia. The endoscopic treatment modalities include balloon dilation, stricturotomy, strictureplasty, fistulotomy, incision and drainage (of fistula and abscess), sinusotomy, septectomy, banding ligation, clipping, polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection. The field of interventional IBD is evolving with a better understanding of the underlying disease process, advances in endoscopic technology, and interest and proper training of next-generation IBD interventionalists.
Natural Killer Cells Disrupt Nerve Fibers by Granzyme H in Atheriosclerotic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Yu Dafan , Cai Wei , Chen Xiaodong , Lu Danli , Hu Mengyan , Lu Tingting , Qin Bing , Wu Aimin , Ruan Hengfang , Lu Yaxin , Liu Zifeng , Wei Lei , Lu Zhengqi
Published: August 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells are enriched in the central nervous system in aging-related atheriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD), but their roles and underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. To identify potential cytotoxic molecules released by NK cells in aCSVD lesions, proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and peripheral NK cells from patients with aCSVD were performed. We found that integrin β2 (ITGB2), cathepsin D (CTSD), and granzyme H (GZMH) were highly expressed in NK cells. ITGB2 interacted with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in vascular endothelial cells. As assessed by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy of the blood–brain barrier model, transwell membranes covered with primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes, we demonstrated that the CTSD-mediated degradation of collagen in the blood–brain barrier depended on the cytotoxicity of NK cells in aCSVD. With the immunostaining in vitro and in vivo, GZMH disruption of demyelinated nerve fibers was reversed by cotreatment with the inhibitor 3,4-DCIC during white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in aCSVD. Our results indicate that NK cells contribute to CTSD-induced damage to the blood–brain barrier and GZMH-induced disruption of nerve fibers during WMH in aCSVD.
A Spotlight on Adaptation: Preimplementation of Montessori-Based Activity Programming in Long-Term Care Using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced (FRAME)
Authors: Madrigal Caroline , Mills Whitney L , Keleher Virginia C , Pimentel Camilla B , Hartmann Christine W , Snow A Lynn , Camp Cameron , Hilgeman Michelle M
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

Effectively adapting evidence-based interventions for nursing home (NH) implementation is a critical, yet underexamined, component of improving care quality. Montessori-based activity programming (MAP) is an evidence-based intervention that promotes person-centered care, engages persons living with dementia, and mitigates distress behaviors. Currently, there is sparse evidence of MAP in Department of Veterans Affairs NHs (i.e., community living centers [CLCs]). CLCs differ significantly from community NHs and require adaptations to support MAP use and sustainability. This study uses the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced (FRAME) to track changes made to MAP as an exemplar for clinicians and implementation scientists. This work fills a gap in adapting interventions through a detailed examination of the adaptation process in NHs.

Research Design and Methods

Qualitative and quantitative data were collected across 8 CLCs (e.g., advisory panel, staff interviews, training evaluations, field notes, and fidelity assessments). We used an iterative, rapid content analytic approach to triangulate findings and identify needed adaptations for the CLC setting.

Results

Thirty-six adaptations were made. Most adaptions occurred during the preimplementation phase, were reactive, focused on training/evaluation, and involved researchers, intervention developers, and practitioners. All were fidelity-consistent with MAP. The most common goal across adaptations was increased reach/engagement of the intervention.

Discussion and Implications

CLCs and community NHs can use findings to support intervention adaptation, and adapt and implement MAP to improve meaningful engagement for persons living with dementia and other residents. Future research should further evaluate and standardize FRAME for diverse users of complex interventions.
‘I have a healthy relationship with alcohol’: Australian midlife women, alcohol consumption and social class
Authors: Lunnay Belinda , Foley Kristen , Meyer Samantha B , Miller Emma R , Warin Megan , Wilson Carlene , Olver Ian N , Batchelor Samantha , Thomas Jessica A , Ward Paul R
Published: August 2022

Alcohol consumption by Australian women during midlife has been increasing. Health promotion efforts to reduce alcohol consumption in order to reduce alcohol-related disease risk compete with the social contexts and value of alcohol in women’s lives. This paper draws on 50 qualitative interviews with midlife women (45–64 years of age) from different social classes living in South Australia in order to gain an understanding of how and why women might justify their relationships with alcohol. Social class shaped and characterized the different types of relationships with alcohol available to women, structuring their logic for consuming alcohol and their ability to consider reducing (or ‘breaking up with’) alcohol. We identified more agentic relationships with alcohol in the narratives of affluent women. We identified a tendency for less control over alcohol-related decisions in the narratives of women with less privileged life chances, suggesting greater challenges in changing drinking patterns. If classed differences are not attended to in health promotion efforts, this might mitigate the effectiveness of alcohol risk messaging to women.
COVID-19 preparedness and social dynamics in a Sub-Saharan Africa country, Benin
Authors: Maccaro Alessia , Piaggio Davide , Vignigbé Marius , Stingl Alexander , Pecchia Leandro
Published: August 2022

This project aims to assess and analyse the perception and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Benin. The applied research methodology was interdisciplinary and combined field studies that used ethnographic and social research methods with coding and data analysis, leading to theoretical dilemmas, which were analysed from the viewpoint of bioethical reflection. Furthermore, biomedical engineering approaches were used to assess the preparedness to COVID-19. Despite the preparedness to COVID-19 due to the promoted governmental measures, a peculiar management of the pandemic emerged. The latter, although noteworthy, did not overcome the typical challenges of medical locations in low-resource settings. This, together with the controversial spread of information and local beliefs, caused significant economic and social consequences, exceeding the benefits related to the containment of the virus. This research highlights how the emotion of fear, in this specific situation, was herald of dramatic consequences, rather than having a heuristic and empowering effect.
3. Meanings and Views of Development
Authors: Thomas Alan
Published: August 2022

This chapter investigates the different senses in which the term 'development' is used. 'Development' is used in three main senses: a vision or measure of a desirable society; a historical process of social change; and deliberate efforts at improvement by development agencies. The variety of competing overall views on development can be organized into three groups according to how they see development relating to capitalism: through, against, or in the context of capitalism. The first two of these groups of views are labelled Market economics and Structuralism. A third group of views, pragmatic rather than theoretical, is termed Interventionism and concentrates on how to achieve development. Finally, there are those who reject all these views as versions of 'mainstream' development. They seek alternatives, either an alternative form of development or rejecting the development concept entirely.
A method for Identifying sensitivity of marine benthic invertebrates to ocean acidification through a biological traits approach
Authors: Gray P , Garcia C , Robinson C , Bremner J
Published: August 2022

Ocean acidification poses a major threat to the structure and diversity of marine ecosystems. The marine seabed sustains important ecosystem functions, and so understanding the sensitivity to increased pCO2 within benthic invertebrates is critical for informing future management strategies. Here, we explore a traits-based approach for estimating the sensitivity of benthic taxa to ocean acidification, using data from the western area of the North Sea. We selected 56 taxa across 11 taxonomic groups representative of the various habitats found in the region. Biological traits considered sensitive to elevated pCO2 were identified from literature review, and the taxa were scored for each trait to produce a total relative sensitivity (TRS) index. We investigated differences in sensitivity between the taxa and across habitats and explored whether sensitivity was spatially aggregated. Our analyses indicated that benthic species are sensitive to acidification, with 51% of the taxa scoring in the top three TRS bands overall, and hot spots of sensitivity being more widely distributed across the region than corresponding "cold spots" (low sensitivity). The opportunities and limitations of the approach are discussed.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing low-flow duration of extracorporeal and conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Mandigers Loes , Boersma Eric , den Uil Corstiaan A , Gommers Diederik , Bělohlávek Jan , Belliato Mirko , Lorusso Roberto , dos Reis Miranda Dinis
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES

After cardiac arrest, a key factor determining survival outcomes is low-flow duration. Our aims were to determine the relation of survival and low-flow duration of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) and if these 2 therapies have different short-term survival curves in relation to low-flow duration.

METHODS

We searched Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception up to April 2021. A linear mixed-effect model was used to describe the course of survival over time, based on study-specific and time-specific aggregated survival data.

RESULTS

We included 42 observational studies reporting on 1689 ECPR and 375 751 CCPR procedures. Of the included studies, 25 included adults, 13 included children and 4 included both. In adults, survival curves decline rapidly over time (ECPR 37.2%, 29.8%, 23.8% and 19.1% versus CCPR-shockable 36.8%, 7.2%, 1.4% and 0.3% for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min low-flow, respectively). ECPR was associated with a statistically significant slower decline in survival than CCPR with initial shockable rhythms (CCPR-shockable). In children, survival curves decline rapidly over time (ECPR 43.6%, 41.7%, 39.8% and 38.0% versus CCPR-shockable 48.6%, 20.5%, 8.6% and 3.6% for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min low-flow, respectively). ECPR was associated with a statistically significant slower decline in survival than CCPR-shockable.

CONCLUSIONS

The short-term survival of ECPR and CCPR-shockable patients both decline rapidly over time, in adults as well as in children. This decline of short-term survival in relation to low-flow duration in ECPR was slower than in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Trial registration

Prospero: CRD42020212480, 2 October 2020.