bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Електрокапілярні властивості гідрогелів
Authors: Zabashta Yu.F. , Kovalchuk V.I. , Svechnikova O.S. , Bulavin L.A.
Published: December 2022

На пiдставi термодинамiчної теорiї електрокапiлярностi одержано формулу, що зв’язує коефiцiєнт поверхневого натягу гiдрогелю та поверхневу концентрацiю iонних домiшок у полiмерi. Експериментально визначено вiдноснi коефiцiєнти поверхневого натягу гiдрогелю, створеного на основi гiдроксипропiлцелюлози з домiшками iонiв лужних металiв I-ї групи (хлориди Li, Na, K, Rb i Cs). За допомогою отриманої формули обчисленi вiдноснi поверхневi концентрацiї iонiв у вiдповiдних зразках. Показано, що коефiцiєнт поверхневого натягу i поверхнева концентрацiя iонiв залежать вiд розмiру iонiв, i що цi залежностi мають немонотонний характер. Запропоновано механiзм, який вiповiдальний за вказану немонотоннiсть.
Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations for Eating Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Milliren Carly E. , Richmond Tracy K. , Hudgins Joel D.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Recent studies have reported increasing eating disorder incidence and severity following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In a diverse cohort of pediatric hospitals, we examined trends in the volume of emergency visits and inpatient admissions for eating disorders before and during the pandemic.

METHODS

We examined monthly trends in volume of patients with eating disorders (identified by principal International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnosis codes) across 38 hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System pre– (January 2018–March 2020) and post–COVID-19 onset (April 2020–June 2022). Using interrupted time series analysis, we examined the pre- and post monthly trends in eating disorder emergency and inpatient volume.

RESULTS

Before the pandemic, eating disorder emergency visit volume was increasing by 1.50 visits per month (P = .006), whereas in the first year postonset, visits increased by 12.9 per month (P < .001), followed by a 6.3 per month decrease in the second year postonset (P < .001). Pre–COVID-19, eating disorder inpatient volume was increasing by 1.70 admissions per month (P = .01). In the first year postonset, inpatient volume increased by 11.9 per month (P < .001), followed by a 7.6 per month decrease in the second year postonset (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

The volume of patients seeking emergency and inpatient eating disorder care at pediatric hospitals has increased dramatically since the pandemic onset and has not returned to prepandemic levels despite a decline in the second year postonset, with important implications for hospital capacity.
Post-slaughter indicators of meat productivity and chemical composition of the muscular tissues of bulls receiving corrective diet with protein-vitamin premix
Authors: Yaremchuk O. S. , Razanova O. P. , Skoromna O. I. , Chudak R. A. , Holubenko T. L. , Kravchenko O. O.
Published: December 2022

The problem of increasing the production of beef to provide the population with domestically-produced meat is mainly being solved by selective breeding of dairy and combined breeds. Therefore, there is a need for the development and introduction of complex measures to increase meat productivity of young cattle, especially regarding the completeness of diet and optimal content of mineral elements in it. The study was conducted on bulls of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed starting from the age of 6 up to the age of 15 months. At the end of the experiment, the animals were slaughtered, 5 from each group. The study was aimed at determining the effect of the protein-vitamin premix Intermix Fattening on the slaughter parameters, morphological composition of carcass and flesh composition by quality grades, chemical composition of the muscle tissue. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that feeding bulls with the supplement increased pre-slaughter live weight by 7.1% and slaughter weight by 9.8%. After meat separation, more edible parts of carcass were obtained in the absolute value. The weight of paired carcass was 9.5% higher. Intake of the diet with protein-vitamin premix influenced the bulls’ characteristics of growth and development of musculature and bones, intensity of fat deposition, leading to 10.8% increase in flesh and no statistical decrease in the yield of bones compared with the carcass weight. Muscle-bone ratio equaled 4.27 in the control, and 4.56 in the experimental animals. Meatiness index of the young animals that had received the supplement with the diet was higher by 11.1%. Flesh of carcasses of bulls belonging to the experimental group had higher content of valuable grades of beef. We obtained 27.3% more flesh of the highest quality and 11.5% of the first-grade quality. In the muscle tissue and the longissimus of the bulls that had been consuming the premix, the concentration of dry matter was higher by 0.78%, and protein by 0.85%. Use of the Intermix protein-vitamin premix would lead to an increase in live weight of animals, and therefore significantly increase the yield of meat and improve the morphological composition of the bulls’ carcasses.
Microflora of boxes for holding veterinary patients in clinics
Authors: Mocherniuk M. M. , Kukhtyn M. D. , Horiuk Y. V. , Horiuk V. V. , Tsvigun O. A. , Tokarchuk T. S.
Published: December 2022

A significant element of the prophylaxis of nosocomial infection in veterinary clinics is monitoring ambient objects, air, equipment, and instruments. In order to determine the role of boxes for keeping ill animals as a source of transmission of pathogens of nosocomial infections in veterinary clinics, we studied the microflora of surfaces of boxes and bioaerosol prior and after sanitation. For this purpose, we collected rinses from the surfaces of plastic and steel boxes, air samples prior to morning sanitation, after cleaning and wiping the surfaces with water and detergents and after disinfection. From the surfaces of the boxes for holding animals, we mostly isolated bacteria of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. Gram-negative species we found were bacteria of Escherichia spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp. After wet cleaning and disinfection of plastic boxes, we detected species of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. in 5.4% of the samples, Micrococcus spp. in 8.1% and Bacillus spp. in 2.7%. Gram-negative bacteria of Enterobacter spp. were found in 2.7% of the samples. At the same time, the number of microorganisms in samples in which the bacteria were found after disinfection on the surfaces of stainless-steel boxes was 2.0 times lower than in such from the surfaces of plastic boxes. We determined that after wet disinfection of boxes’ surfaces, there occurred decrease in the microbial number in the air, equaling 3.7 times on average, compared with prior to disinfection. The basis of the air microflora after disinfection comprised species of Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp., which can be airborne-transmitted. Bacteria that were isolated from the boxes after disinfection (Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.) formed highly dense biofilms, which probably ensure the survival of the microbial cells, thus making the boxes a probable source of nosocomial infection.
Efficacy of ultrasound in diagnosis of dirofilariasis in dogs caused by Dirofilaria immitis
Authors: Yevstafieva V. , Kryvoruchenko D. , Melnychuk V. , Nikiforova O. , Kone M. , Barabolia O.
Published: December 2022

Ultrasonic diagnostics is a modern and effective method of laboratory testing of both animals and humans, used for estimation of overall state, and for detection of different pathologies in organs and systems. The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy of ultrasonic diagnostics of dog dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria immitis parasitism, based on several indexes of invasion intensity. It was established that the number of D. immitis helminths found depended on the intensity indexes of microdirafilariasis invasion: using echocardiography, there were no helminths found under the index lower than 40 larvae/cm3. Under the index higher than that, we visualized 1–10 parasite individuals in the cavity of the right ventricle and right atrium, and at the tricuspid valve leaflets. It was established by the results of echocardiography of dogs invaded by D. immitis that the level of invasion intensity impacts significantly on the animals’ heart structure and function, and on their intracardiac hemodynamics. It was proved that under increase of microfilaria number in the blood, heart function deteriorates. Under the invasion intensity lower than 40 larvae/cm3, the changes were characterized by a slight increase in thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle in diastole, aorta diameter, left atrium and pulmonary artery (by 6.2%). Under the invasion intensity of 40–60 larvae/cm3, the deterioration in heart structure and function was followed by thickening of the interventricular septum in diastole, posterior wall of the left ventricle in diastole (by 5.6%), increase in ejection fraction index (by 7.0%), widening of aorta root, pulmonary artery, diameter of the left ventricle (by 21.4%), and with increase in indexes of ratio between diameters of the left ventricle and pulmonary artery, and aorta (by 15.6%). Signs of hemodynamic deterioration were established in sick animals, which was characterized by increase of blood speed in the tricuspid valve (by 33.7%), and its decrease in the pulmonary artery (14.1%). Under the invasion intensity higher than 60 larvae/cm3, the aforementioned indexes changed even more significantly. We observed thickening of the posterior wall of the right ventricle in diastole, decrease of the end-systolic size of the left ventricle (by 13.0%), blood speed increase in the aorta and mitral valve (by 12.2%). The obtained results show the necessity of echocardiographic testing of dogs with cardiac dirofilariasis, which allows effective proof of the diagnosis and also helps to understand the overall state of the animal more deeply and to provide it with the appropriate symptomatic cure.
Occurrence of cytogenetic effects under the action of epimutagen in winter wheat
Authors: Beiko V. , Nazarenko M.
Published: December 2022

Research on studying the features of 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.50% epimutagen Triton-X-305 impact at the cellular level, which means the way of identifying the viability of pollen in plants of the first generation, and cytological analysis of chromosomal aberrations in the cells of the primary meristem of germinal roots during germination of bread winter wheat seeds have been conducted. Research in this direction allows us to significantly improve the monitoring of same type of substances in the environment and to forecast the nature of their action at the DNA-level. Genotypes Podolyanka and Spivanka created by Ukrainian selection and varieties of French selection Altigo, Courtot, Lyrik, Flamenko have been studied. These genotypes were selected in order to characterize possible genotype-mutagenic interactions for a compound of complex hereditary pattern for a range of concentrations with maximum contrast taking into account the possible high site-specific effect. The main purpose of this research was to identify the specificity of impact of the agent Triton X-305 at the cellular level and identify parameters fully showing the effect of this substance on the subsequent induction of biodiversity and the enhancement of hereditary variability at the cellular level. Such indicators as pollen sterility effected by various concentrations, the total frequency of chromosomal rearrangements, the spectrum of chromosomal rearrangements, including fragments and double fragments, single and double bridges, micronuclei and lagging chromosomes have been investigated. The ratio of fragments to bridges as an indicator of the active factor nature, the number of cells with two or more rearrangements as an indicator of genetic toxicity of this substance has been established. As a result, a significantly weaker effect of the epimutagen on the overall frequency of chromosomal rearrangement has been shown unlike other factors of a mutagenic nature, at the same time changing the ratio of the obtained aberrations in favour of micronuclei and lagging chromosomes. In addition, other parameters are determined as more meaningful for identifying a specific agent of impact, and the differences in concentrations are less contrasting. There is also a less significantly decreasing fertility, however, this parameter is highly dependent on the source material. In the future, we intend to assess the variability, primarily of a hereditary nature, by the way of a visual analysis of the obtained material in subsequent generations, as well as through biochemical analysis, yield qualities analysis and morphometry of the obtained material.
Synchronizing the Destructions of the Mycenaean Palaces
Authors: Kardamaki Eleftheria
Published: December 2022

The Late Bronze Age Mycenaean palaces in southern and central Greece stood at the head of the earliest state system on the European continent. The authors, all leading scholars in Bronze Age research and often engaged in excavating the palace sites themselves, focus in their contributions on the most recent progress in pottery studies, in order to arrive at precise relative chronological dates of the destruction events. The investigated archaeological sites range from Crete in the south to the Peloponnese with the palaces of Pylos, Ayios Vasileios, Mycenae and Tiryns and further north to central Greece with the palace of Thebes, while contemporary sites on Cyprus and in Syria are taken into consideration as well. A precise chronology of those multilayered sites is a precondition for placing the administrative texts from the palace archives in a historical sequence as well as for writing the building history of the palaces themselves. Ultimately, this chronological sequence must also form the backbone of each theory seeking to explain the causes of the palace destructions and their final abandonment. The search for those historical causes is subject of this publication as well. The book contains primary data from the investigated sites – in many cases illustrating the relevant archaeological finds for the first time. It is the first comprehensive analysis of the topic and is based on the most recent archaeological excavation results.
Simplification of calibration of low-cost MARG sensors without high-precision laboratory equipment
Authors: Sabir Abdelhay , Zakriti Alia
Published: December 2022

In mechatronic-related applications, estimating orientation from a magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor array is a significant topic. Representing attitude orientation is a well-known topic in the aerospace industry, where it plays a critical role in airplanes and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), but it has also gained relevance in other sectors. However, most of the sensors utilized are quite expensive, heavy, and large, making them unsuitable for modest applications. This paper examines the performance of several sensors in low-cost hardware and high-acceleration environments. A theorical method was adopted to estimate Euler angles by using accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer, and a robust and easy to implement method calibration was proposed to calibrate the MARG sensor without any external equipment. An experimental verification of the proposed calibration method was completed. The experimental results are then interpreted to provide an insight to advantages and disadvantages for using each sensor separately.
A magyar Cystás Fibrosis Regiszter genetikai revíziója
Authors: Deák Anna , Koczok Katalin , Bessenyei Beáta , Szűcs Zsuzsanna , Madar László , Csorba Gabriella , Orosz Orsolya , Laki István , Halász Adrien , Marsal Géza , Balogh István
Published: December 2022

Bevezetés: A cystás fibrosis (CF) az egyik leggyakoribb
monogénes betegség. A genetikai vizsgálat a kóros mutációk kiderítésével a
diagnózis felállításához, illetve megerősítéséhez egyre inkább elengedhetetlenné
válik. A magyar CF-betegek genetikai revízióját a kornak megfelelő diagnosztikai
stratégia kialakítása tette szükségessé. Ezt a törekvést később kiegészítette a
CF-ben alkalmazható mutációspecifikus kezelés elvárása, mely genetikai alapokon
nyugszik. Célkitűzés: A munkacsoport célként tűzte ki a magyar
Cystás Fibrosis Regiszterben nyilvántartott betegek genetikai adatainak
revideálását, illetve átfogó genotípus-elemzését. Módszer: A
revízió során összesen 582 (528, regiszterben szereplő és 54, a revízió ideje
alatt érkezett) beteg adataival, illetve mintáival dolgoztunk. A meglévő leletek
áttekintése után, amennyiben azok nem igazolták a CF diagnózisát, a
CFTR-gén háromszintű genetikai analízisét végeztük el.
Eredmények: A regiszterben szereplő 528 vizsgált beteg
közül 395 (74,8%) esetében sikerült igazolni mindkét kóroki variánst.
Vizsgálataink felderítették, illetve javították 94, korábban 1 mutációval
rendelkező vagy kimutatott mutációval nem rendelkező beteg genetikai statusát
is. Összesen 73 különböző mutációt detektáltunk, melyek között egy korábban még
nem közölt, patogén eltérést is leírtunk (c.3130G>A). Az első öt leggyakoribb
mutáció a hazai populációban: F508del (68,4%); CFTRdele2,3
(3,7%); G542X (3,2%); 2184insA (2,7%); W1282X (2,3%). Genotípus és életkor
alapján 211 beteget találtunk alkalmasnak a lumakaftor–ivakaftor kombinált
készítményre és 361-et az ivakaftor–tezakaftor–elexakaftor terápiára, melyek már
hazánkban is elérhetők. Következtetés: A revízió
eredményeképpen felismerésre kerültek azok a betegek, akik tüneti terápia
helyett a mutációspecifikus gyógyszereknek köszönhetően oki terápiában
részesülhetnek. Emellett a meglévő eredmények alapján sikerült feltérképezni a
CFTR-gén mutációinak hazai megoszlását, ami segít a
diagnosztikus stratégia kialakításában. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(51): 2052–2059.
Redeeming gender imbalances: How biblical interpretations effect women’s health in Indonesia
Authors: Zaluchu Fotarisman
Published: December 2022

Several health indicators suggest that the level of women's health globally remains poor. Indicators such as maternal mortality, domestic violence, and stunting, particularly in Africa and Asia, are also linked to poor women's health. There is evidence that the poor quality of women's health parallels the prevalence of gender imbalance. One system supporting gender imbalance is the subjective interpretation of normative gender relations. To address this issue, this qualitative study makes use of the approach developed by Joan W. Scott covering four dimensions of analysis: symbols for both sexes in a culture, normative conceptions that follow these symbols, gender division, and subjective identity. This subjective research took place in the island of Nias, Indonesia where Christianity is the primary religion. The result of this study shows that certain interpretations of biblical verses have negatively impacted women, such as women being considered inferior to men, experiencing loss of opportunity to maintain health due to excessive work responsibilities, and risking mental and physical violence. Certain interpretations of biblical verses are believed and accepted as an absolute and fixed self-identity for Christians. An analysis of gender roles using an approach offered by an historian like Joan W. Scott accurately explains the power of religion-based symbols and norms in maintaining gender imbalance, which in turn, affect women’s health. A way forward is suggested to expand biblical interpretations which could increase equality and improve women’s health.
Irrationality in the State-Legal Reality
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Varchuk Alexander
Published: December 2022

Introduction: the phenomenon of irrationality is deeply rooted in being. Its multidimensional nature, on the one hand, attracts attention, forcing us to evaluate its real, actual influence in one or another sphere. On the other hand, it may seem that its versatility is rather exaggerated, because how in the modern world can one analyze ontological phenomena based on irrationalistic positions? Moreover, how can we doubt the rationality of such a stable institution as the state? Despite the gradual rationalization of the entire system of state power, rooting in society the idea of the necessity of the state itself, less rational systems of power, and perhaps, even irrational ones, have existed for thousands of years. Moreover, the state began to acquire its inviolability and stability precisely during the period of less rationality of society. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is the methods of analysis, induction, analogy, and the historical, structural and functional methods. Among the results, first of all, there is the fact that irrationality in the state is by no means a relic of the past. On the contrary, it is inherent in modern states. This actualizes the need for its detailed analysis. The main conclusions include the following: 1) the theory of progress, reflecting the regularity of the development of society, explains the gradual rationalization of the state itself; 2) the ideas of the psychological school of law quite definitely demonstrate the manifestation of the ancient Roman saying consènsusfàcitjus (consent creates law), since it is tacit consent, which is inherently irrational before the authority of the state and forms it as a stable system; 3) the study of the phenomenon of irrationality in the state is able to reveal various problems in a new, not so obvious light.
On the Issue of “Concluding a Contract” in the Projection of the Perception of Contractual Relations in the Pre-Revolutionary, Soviet and Modern Periods
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Belova Olesya
Published: December 2022

Introduction: the issue of concluding a contract, as a non-momentary process, regulated by the general norms of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation (Article 432 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), is still debatable in both scientific and practical terms. Such a phenomenon is caused by the absence in the legislation and the lack of consolidation of the dynamics of the stages of concluding a civil contract as a single process, whose end result is perfection (the effective time of the contract), which generates the emergence of mutually defined rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. The identification of modern trends, the analysis of the development of the science of civil law on the issues of the dynamic process of concluding a contract, the disclosure of the imperfections of modern formulations of the civil legislation is the purpose of the study. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative jurisprudence. Results: the study analyzes the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern understanding of the civil legislation provisions for the concluding a contract, in particular, determining the time of its conclusion and the emergence of the rights and obligations of the parties. The revealed doctrinal understanding of the time of concluding a contract, set out in the results of the scientific research of civilists of various periods, allowed us to find that the process of concluding a civil contract is a stepwise process. At various stages of its conclusion, the roles of the parties have specificity due to the time of the will of the party entering into the transaction. Conclusions: the scientific theses on the conclusion of a civil contract, formulated by pre-revolutionary and Soviet civil law, at the present stage of development of the economic system, introducing more and more means and technologies of information and communication interaction, do not have relevance for current participants in civil turnover. The author has formulated the proposals for the modernization of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation aimed at leveling the issues of the stages of concluding a contract, and reflecting its ultimate goal – the time of entry into force of the contract (perfection).
The Procedure for the Sale of a Debtor’s Property in Bankruptcy Cases of Individuals: Features of the Sale of Property Belonging to a Debtor Citizen on the Right of Common Ownership
Authors:   Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Kotelnikov Nikolay , Sadkov Andrey ,   Volgograd State University, Prudnikova Natalia ,   Arbitration Court of the Volgograd Region
Published: December 2022

Introduction: the paper deals with the problems of the legal regulation of relations arising during the sale under the procedures used in the bankruptcy case of a citizen, of property belonging on the right of common ownership, in which the individual debtor has a certain share. The purpose of the study is to search for solutions aimed at improving the legal regulation of the mechanism for selling the property of a citizen recognized by the arbitration court as bankrupt, which is subject to the regime of common ownership. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative jurisprudence. Results: based on the accumulated law enforcement experience and civil doctrine, the authors propose recommendations for resolving the most common conflict of laws issues that arise when approving the procedure for selling the property of an individual debtor under the procedures used in the bankruptcy case of the citizen. Conclusions: the authors have concluded that the adoption by the arbitration court of a decision on declaring a citizen bankrupt excludes the possibility of foreclosing on the share of such a debtor in common property in accordance with the procedure provided for in Article 255 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. When selling the share of a bankrupt individual in the right of common ownership, the remaining co-owners can use their pre-emptive right by acquiring the disposed share at a price determined by the results of the auction, while the co-owners have an advantage over the awardee. The norms of the current legislation make it possible to establish a fair balance between the interests of the spouse of a citizen undergoing bankruptcy procedures and the creditors of such a citizen.
Procedural Standards of Proof in Special Judicial and Criminal Proceedings
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Burmagin Sergey
Published: December 2022

Introduction: the presence in the Russian criminal procedure of special judicial and criminal proceedings (control, enforcement and rehabilitation) separate from the criminal case makes it necessary to identify, scientifically analyze and adequately reflect in the procedural law their essential, substantive and procedural features, primarily concerning the process of finding of fact and conclusion of law and evidence in such cases. The purpose of the paper is to identify the specifics of the application in special court proceedings of the standards of procedural evidence common to adversarial proceedings. Methods: in the course of the research, the dialectical, logical, comparative legal and formal legal methods of scientific cognition, the methods of analysis and generalization were used, as well as the method of sociological survey in the form of a questionnaire. Results: the importance of standards in legal proceedings is determined; the “standards of proof” relating to the process of proof itself are singled out from them, their specific content is revealed, which manifests itself in the implementation of evidence in cases considered in special court proceedings. In the paper, in relation to these proceedings, the features of the fact at issue are analyzed, the means of procedural proof used in finding of fact and conclusion of law are established; their specific limitations are noted. At the same time, the widespread use of such means of proof, not provided for by the system of evidence established in the law, as explanations received by the court through questioning at a court session of persons on the circumstances to be established in the case, is stated. The author analyzes the peculiar distribution of the burden of proof in judicial control proceedings on complaints against the actions and decisions of criminal prosecution bodies, judicial enforcement and rehabilitation proceedings, shows the role of the court in “favoring” individuals defending their rights and interests in disputes with the public authorities, and assisting them in presenting the required evidence to the court. Finally, the conclusion is made: the features of the implementation of standards of evidentiary activity, characteristic of special judicial proceedings, should be reflected in the norms of the law, and the means of proof used should be unified and consistent with the existing system of criminal evidence.
The Criminal Legal System and the System of Criminal Law
Authors:   Ural State Law University named after V.F. Yakovlev, Shchelkonogova Elena
Published: December 2022

Introduction: in modern social and legal realities, the question of the need for a systematic understanding of law in general, and criminal law in particular, is acute. The judicial practice shows that law enforcement officers often have difficulties in interpreting and implementing legal norms. In this connection, the author of the paper sets the purpose of the study: to consider criminal law as a system-based construct. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the systematic approach, the method of deduction, induction, abstraction, analysis and comparative law. Results: the author’s position justified in the work is based on the legislation and the opinions of the competent scientific community on the question of whether the totality of sources of criminal law has a sign of consistency. Using the legal analysis of the provisions of the theory of law, the question is raised about the possibility of including in the criminal legal system such elements as the legislation on issues related to criminal law, doctrinal opinions of scientists, rules for the qualification of crimes, criminal law principles, judicial practice and others. A semantic distinction is made between the concepts of the criminal legal system and the system of criminal law. The author’s definition of the category of a system-forming feature of criminal law, as well as the concept of a criminal legal system, is given. The conclusion about the non-identity of these concepts is substantiated. Conclusions: as a result of the study, it is established that criminal law has signs of consistency. Criminal law as a branch of law contains various elements, including those related to unwritten law. Among them, it is possible to distinguish socio-philosophical categories, such as religious norms, norms of morality and decency, as well as the rules formulated in the criminal-legal sphere by theoretical scientists and law enforcement officers. In particular, they include the rules for the qualification of crimes, the general principles of criminal law, the doctrine of the composition of the crime and others.
Toward an Understanding of Historical and Legal Studies of Military Conflicts as the Sources of Transforming the State and Law
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Latypova Natalia
Published: December 2022

Introduction: social and political conflicts often lead to direct armed clashes both inside and outside the state. At the same time, the state-legal consequences generated by military conflicts often radically transform the mechanism of the state, its legal and political systems. In the conditions of constantly emerging armed conflicts in the world (according to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, there are currently more than 20), their historical research is of particular importance. The subject of the work was the legal consequences of intra-state armed conflicts and social contradictions that had triggered their onset and development. The purpose of the work is to determine the role and significance of historical and legal studies of armed conflicts through the example of civil wars and to justify the need for further research of a violent armed conflict within the framework of legal science. Methods: the methodological framework for the research was made up of the formal legal, historical, sociological methods, as well as the synthesis and analysis of historical events and their legal consequences. The topic has a novelty in the context of the need to conduct research in the national historical and legal science of the “blind” zone of violent military conflicts, as a rule, ignored by legal history. The results of such generalizing studies will make it possible to realize one of the functions of history of state and law as a science – the forecasting of state-legal phenomena of the future and the analysis of current political processes. Finally, the author comes to the conclusion about the significant and underestimated role of historical and legal studies of armed conflicts, namely, the fallacy of omission from the research field of its violent course.
International Experience in the Field of Returning Cultural Property to Its Rightful Owner
Authors:   Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Arkhiptsev Ivan , Sarychev Alexander ,   Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Zhiteneva Natalia ,   Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction: restitution in international law is a form of material compensation for damage as a result of an unlawful international act by restoring the state that had existed before it was committed. It can be said that restitution is designed to restore lost rights, which means that it is a legal institution that promotes the protection of human rights and freedoms. In this regard, it is necessary to name the purpose of the study, which is to analyze the current international legislation regulating the procedure and conditions for the return of lost cultural property to individuals. Methods: the research is based on such methods as logical, systematic, the formal legal methods, as well as the methods of analysis, synthesis and other methods of scientific cognition. Results: based on the research, it has been revealed that the development of the institution of restitution of cultural property by private individuals in the Russian Federation requires the adoption of effective measures both at the legislative level and at the level of international cooperation. Conclusions: the institution of cultural property restitution is a relatively young civil law phenomenon that requires close attention from the legislator. As a result of the research, the authors have comprehensively reviewed the international experience of returning cultural property to its rightful owners, as well as their grounds and subjects.
The Legal Regulation of Interethnic Relations in the European Union
Authors:   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University, Shubenkova Ksenia , Ignatova Karine ,   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The European Union is ethnically diverse and this factor can both positively and negatively influence the processes of regulation of interethnic relations. The European experience shows that it is impossible to avoid the emergence of inter-ethnic tension, the manifestation of xenophobia or discrimination, but they can be effectively combated. The main purpose of the work is to systematize the result obtained and, on its basis, to reveal the structure of the system of sources of legal regulation of interethnic relations in the European Union. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is the methods of historical and system analysis. Results: the analysis of the current legislation of the European Union revealed positive practices and gaps in the regulation of interethnic relations. Thus, despite the common European legal framework, the EU countries have not reached agreements on the development of common strategies for national and migration policies. Conclusions: In matters of regulating interethnic relations, the European Union fully relies on the standards developed by the Council of Europe, and this is natural, since the development of common approaches to the establishment of common European values is more typical for the European community. The legal experience of the European Union, taking into account interaction with the Council of Europe, creates additional opportunities for sustainable development in this area.
The Сivil Foundations for the Developing and Functioning of the Mobilization Economy in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Bogdanov Evgeny
Published: December 2022

Introduction: due to the sharp aggravation of the international situation and actions by the West against the Russian Federation, in fact, laced with the military ones, the paper substantiates the need for a significant adjustment of the socio-economic model in the country. Purpose: it is necessary not to liquidate or reorganize state-owned enterprises based on the right of economic management, but, on the contrary, to develop them. Methods: in carrying out this study, the formal legal, historical-legal and comparative-legal methods were used to formulate the civil foundations for the developing and functioning of the mobilization economy in the Russian Federation. Results: in modern conditions, a more efficient economy that quickly responds to changing conditions is required, that does not require lengthy negotiations and approvals. This should be a mobilization economy, such an economy should function not only on the basis of private, but also state property, represented not only by private, but also by state structures - state enterprises. The expediency of creating a two-sector economy consisting of the private sector and the public sector is proved. Conclusions: the conclusion is substantiated that only conscientious entrepreneurs should have the right to freedom of entrepreneurial activity. Such a category as the right to freedom of entrepreneurial activity needs serious clarification. This right should be understood as freedom for bona fide entrepreneurs, that is, those who carry out entrepreneurial activities not only to obtain their own benefit, but also to satisfy the public interest. The need to increase the social significance of entrepreneurship has been identified. Article 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation should clarify the concept of entrepreneurial activity, indicating that this activity is carried out both in public and private interests.
Legal Forms of Ensuring Information Security on the Internet
Authors:   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University, Egorov Gennady
Published: December 2022

Introduction: the development of modern digital networks is associated with the introduction into circulation of datawith increased social danger and, as a consequence, limited to civilian use in the Russian Federation. Unlike the authorities, this type of information is not recognized by society as dangerous, but generates aspirations of certain categories of citizens to possess such information, to disseminate it, to introduce it into illegal civil circulation. The scientific community, recognizing this problem, has been striving to neutralize the consequences in this area for a long time. The purpose of the work is to conduct a scientific analysis of the existing legal forms of ensuring information accessibility, to determine the effectiveness of modern legal and organizational mechanisms to ensure civil interests in this area. Using the methods of scientific cognition, primarily the method of system analysis, it is established that the complexity of the highlighted problem involves the use of both law-making and law-realization approaches to identify the violations of arrangements for using electronic information in the violation of applicable law. Results: the considered approaches and legal mechanisms for ensuring information security in the Internet environment will justify the need to introduce the organizational and legal methods to improve the current legislation and law enforcement practice in the country and propose a number of measures for their eliminating. Conclusions: it is necessary 1) to adapt the existing judicial system related to the restriction of the circulation of information on the Internet to modern realities in the technical and legal spheres; 2) to change not only the procedure for recognizing information as prohibited, but also to introduce additional forms of responsibility for its placement, in particular, the imposition of administrative forms of sanctions not only on the creator of illegal content, but also on technical intermediaries (providers, telecom operators, domain name grantors), which can be presented in the form of imposing technical prohibitions on the placement of information on the Internet; 3) to increase the number of persons subject to legal liability (administrative or criminal) for the violation of information security in the Russian Federation.
Numerical Modeling of Self-Consistent Dynamics of Shallow Waters, Traction and Suspended Sediments: I. Influence of Commercial Sand Mining on the Safety of Navigation in the Channel of the Volga River
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Khrapov Sergey , Agafonnikova Ekaterina ,   Volgograd State University, Klikunova Anna ,   Volgograd State University, Radchenko Viktor ,   Volgograd State University, Baskakov Evgeniy ,   Volgograd State University, Savin Egor ,   Volgograd State University, Makoveev Ilya ,   Volgograd State University, Khrapov Nikita ,   Municipal educational institution «Lyceum No. 11 of Voroshilovsky district of Volgograd»
Published: December 2022

A mathematical model of the joint dynamics of shallow waters, entrained and suspended sediments is constructed, which takes into account nonlinear fluid dynamics and bottom deformations. The dynamics of shallow waters is described by the Saint-Venant equations taking into account the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of the terrain. The transport of entrained sediments is described by the Exner equation generalized to the case of an inhomogeneous distribution of the parameters of the underlying surface. The dynamics of suspended sediments is described by the transport equation, which includes convective transport by water flow and the process of diffusion of the suspension in the liquid layer. For numerical integration of the Saint-Venant, Exner equations and suspended sediment dynamics, a stable and well-tested CSPH-TVD method of the second order of accuracy is used, the parallel CUDA algorithm of which is implemented in the form of a software package «EcoGIS-Simulation» for highperformance computing on supercomputers with graphics coprocessors (GPU). The conditions for the development of a quarry of non-metallic building materials (NSM) located at the mouth of the Partridge Volozhka of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain on the 2549–2550 km section of the Volga River are considered. To study the safety of navigation from the lower reaches of the Volga hydroelectric dam to the entrance to the VDSK, numerical hydrodynamic modeling of the dynamics of channel processes in this section of the Volga River was carried out. Based on the results of mathematical modeling of the joint dynamics of surface waters, entrained and suspended sediments in the riverbed of the Volga River, it is concluded that the development of the NSM quarry considered in the work does not significantly affect the safety of navigation both along the main ship course «The lower reaches of the Volga hydroelectric dam — VDSK» and on additional — «Volgograd zaton» and «Volozhka Partridge».
Normative Reference Values of Physical Fitness Levels in Koreans: Results from the National Fitness Award Project (2017-2019)
Authors: Park Saejong , Lee Seunghee , Lee Yonghee , Lee Mihyun
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop age- and sex-specific smoothed percentile curves for fitness items using LMS methods in Koreans aged 13–85 years or older.METHODS: A total of 559,430 individuals aged 13-85 years or older (adolescents: 13-18 years, adults: 19-64 years; older adults: >65 years) participated in the National Fitness Award (NFA) project in 2017, 2018, and 2019 in Korea. In this study, the results of body composition (body fat percent), muscle strength (absolute handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength), and flexibility (sit and reach) tests performed by adolescents, adults, and older adults, were analyzed. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m PACER, VO2max) was performed only by adolescents and adults. Percentile curves of fitness items smoothed by age- and sex-specific variables were calculated for fit using the LMS method.RESULTS: Percentile curves for each age- and sex-specific group were presented for each physical fitness component. Percent body fat in men and women increased from the age of 25 and 30 years, respectively. Flexibility showed a tendency to decrease sharply after the age of 65 and 70 years in men and women, respectively. Muscle strength decreased gradually after 40 years, and sharply after 60 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness tended to decrease from the age of 25 years in men and from 19 years in women.CONCLUSIONS: The NFA project dataset provided the opportunity to establish normative values for fitness items in Korean men and women aged 13-85 years or older. The use of the LMS method enabled factoring age in the analysis. Normative reference values of fitness items can be used to interpret individuals’ fitness levels during the everyday practice of fitness and/or in clinical settings.
The Relationship of Performance and Physical Fitness Factors in Korean National Men’s Bobsled and Skeleton Athletes
Authors: Min Seok-Ki , Lim Seung-Taek , Lee Kwang-Kyu
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between performance-related factors and physical abilities in Korean national bobsled and skeleton athletes.METHODS: Sixteen bobsled and skeleton athletes who participated in the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics as a Korean national team volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were evaluated in terms of performance-related factors, including anaerobic power, 5 bound jump (5 BJ), and sprinting speed by sections, and physical abilities, including isokinetic strength, 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) strength, body composition, anthropometry, and agility. Stepwise selection of multiple regression analyses was used to investigate the relationship between performance-related factors and physical ability.RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations were observed between anaerobic power, sprinting speed by sections, 5 BJ and chest, isokinetic strength (knee, 180°/s), deadlift, and side-step.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the performance of Korean national bobsled and skeletal athletes is related to upper and lower body strength and agility. Thus, future training programs for bobsled and skeletal athletes should focus on improving strength and agility for performance enhancement.