bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does amplitude compression help or hinder attentional neural speech tracking?
Authors: Orf Martin , Hannemann Ronny , Obleser Jonas
Published: January 2025

Amplitude compression is an indispensable feature of contemporary audio production and especially relevant in modern hearing aids. The cortical fate of amplitude-compressed speech signals is not well-studied, however, and may yield undesired side effects: We hypothesize that compressing the amplitude envelope of continuous speech reduces neural tracking. Yet, leveraging such a ‘compression side effect’ on unwanted, distracting sounds could potentially support attentive listening if effectively reducing their neural tracking. In this study, we examined 24 young normal-hearing (NH) individuals, 19 older hearing-impaired (HI) individuals, and 12 older normal-hearing individuals. Participants were instructed to focus on one of two competing talkers while ignoring the other. Envelope compression (1:8 ratio, loudness-matched) was applied to one or both streams containing short speech repeats. Electroencephalography (EEG) allowed us to quantify the cortical response function and degree of speech tracking. With compression applied to the attended target stream, HI participants showed reduced behavioural accuracy, and compressed speech yielded generally lowered metrics of neural tracking. Importantly, we found that compressing the ignored stream resulted in a stronger neural representation of the uncompressed target speech. Our results imply that intelligent compression algorithms, with variable compression ratios applied to separated sources, could help individuals with hearing loss suppress distraction in complex multi-talker environments.

Significant statementAmplitude compression, integral in contemporary audio production and hearing aids, poses an underexplored cortical challenge. Compressing the amplitude envelope of continuous speech is hypothesized to diminish neural tracking. Yet, capitalizing on this 'compression side effect' for distracting sounds might enhance attentive listening. Studying normal-hearing (NH), older hearing-impaired (HI), and older normal hearing individuals in dual-talker scenarios, we applied envelope compression to speech streams. Both NH and HI participants showed diminished neural tracking with compression on the speech streams. Despite weaker tracking of a compressed distractor, HI individuals exhibited stronger neural representation of the concurrent target. This suggests that adaptive compression algorithms, employing variable ratios for distinct sources, could aid individuals with hearing loss in suppressing distractions in complex multi-talker environments.
Longitudinal sex-at-birth and age analyses of cortical structure in the ABCD Study®
Authors: Marshall Andrew T. , Adise Shana , Kan Eric C. , Sowell Elizabeth R.
Published: January 2025

While the brain continues to develop during adolescence, such development may depend on sex-at-birth. However, the elucidation of such differences may be hindered by analytical decisions (e.g., covariate selection to address brain-size differences) and the typical reporting of cross-sectional data. To further evaluate adolescent cortical development, we analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development StudySM, whose cohort of 11,000+ youth participants with biannual neuroimaging data collection can facilitate understanding neuroanatomical change during a critical developmental window. Doubly considering individual differences in the context of group-level effects, we analyzed regional changes in cortical thickness, sulcal depth, surface area, and volume between two timepoints (∼2 years apart) in 9- to 12-year-olds assigned male or female sex-at-birth. First, we conducted linear mixed-effects models to gauge how controlling for intracranial volume, whole-brain volume (WBV), or a summary metric (e.g., mean cortical thickness) influenced interpretations of age-dependent cortical change. Next, we evaluated the relative changes in thickness and surface area as a function of sex-at-birth and age. Here, we showed that WBV (thickness, sulcal depth, volume) and total cortical surface area were more optimal covariates; controlling for different covariates would have substantially altered our interpretations of overall and sex-at-birth-specific neuroanatomical development. Further, we provided evidence to suggest that aggregate change in how cortical thickness is changing relative to surface area is generally comparable across those assigned male or female sex-at-birth, with corresponding change happening at slightly older ages in those assigned male sex-at-birth. Overall, these results help elucidate neuroanatomical developmental trajectories in early adolescence.

Significance StatementWhile most of our brain’s development happens early in life, much of it still happens in adolescence. Because many factors can alter those developmental trajectories, it is important to evaluate the shape/timing of those trajectories (i.e., what generally constitutes typical brain development). Here, we showed that our understanding of those trajectories can be affected by how we choose to analyze them. First, we showed that the way researchers address differences in brain size affects how we interpret regional variation in brain change over time. Further, we showed that it is important to consider how similar patterns of development may simply be happening at different ages in different groups. These results support a relatively novel way of analyzing adolescent brain development.
How to Use Dynamic Statistical Software for Biological Investigations?
Authors: Sonmez Duygu , Ozgun Koca S. Asli
Published: January 2025

A deeper understanding of issues such as climate change is necessary for problem-solving. Education is one the most powerful tools we can use on the path for tackling such issues. With this in mind, we present an activity that aims to support students’ understanding of ecosystems and biological investigations using dynamic data analysis software.
Power Preservation, No Matter the Means
Authors: Vučković Vladimir , Radeljić Branislav , Đorđević Vladimir
Published: January 2025

This article examines the Serbian political leadership—the president and government alike—by addressing the dominant political figures’ narratives. We communicate with the theoretical aspects in the study of populism and conspiracy theories as this nexus enables us to examine the specific nature of the domestic politics in Serbia. In our view, the ruling elite complements its populist discourse with conspiracy theory to ensure its survival in power, by regularly generating fear about the threat posed to Serbian statehood and lack of apprehension for Belgrade’s geopolitical preferences and exploration of foreign policy alternatives. Our analysis fills a major gap in the literature, since there has been only sporadic research on this topic and none of it has focused on the merger of populism and conspiracy theory. The findings we have reached—largely those of the elite’s self-victimization narratives and their dissemination of anti-Western sentiments—provide for a fresh contribution to the debate concerning the power struggle and the state of democracy in Serbia, especially given the fact that the key political stakeholders draw heavily on pro-regime media outlets to readily disseminate their self-serving accounts.
The Role of the Aesthetic in Decolonial Critique
Authors: Roelofs Monique , Holland Norman S.
Published: January 2025

Claudia Llosa’s film The Milk of Sorrow/La teta asustada (2009) figures in a polemic over magical realism and the colonial overdeterminations of spectatorship ranging from Jean Franco to Dolores Tierney and beyond. Denounced for its complicity in the Western gaze, magical realism plays into the reality that Latin American acclaim often follows favorable reception in the Global North. The debate has yet to reckon with the ensuing tensions. Indeed, Llosa’s film highlights the contradictions of its Berlinale poster, which sells the narrative of an Indigenous woman who overcomes trauma and becomes modern. Though peddling exoticism, the poster questions a transcultural reconciliation of indigeneity and modern nationhood by oscillating between Peru’s birthing and burying alive of Quechua protagonist Fausta. The film explores these incongruities. It shakes off the modernity–Andean village binary by construing Fausta as a decolonial aesthetic agent who creates her home in her informal settlement, her pueblo joven. Born into Indigenous traditions, she reads the world through them, reconceiving her cultural inheritance as she fulfills her responsibilities and learns. Upending aesthetically inflected racial and gender dynamics and magical realist and transcultural paradigms from the inside, the film self-reflexively investigates the status of aesthetic forms and images and the way we read them. Intricate aesthetic strategies shape its politics at the intersection of violence, religion, poverty, and artistic invention. Uncovering these overlooked aesthetic registers, this essay demonstrates the significance of the aesthetic to the controversy over magical realism and transculturation and to the project of decolonial cultural critique more broadly.
Replanting Imageries of Resistance in Visual Culture
Authors: Medina Julia M.
Published: January 2025

This article unpacks the events of the April 2018 insurrection in Nicaragua through an analysis of visual representations of plant forms in urban landscapes and in social media in the country’s recent history. By revealing a contested imagery of plants, it considers the implications of historically decentering the human in visual culture, and how the speculative potential of plant and vegetal thinking may reconfigure social movements. Based on the vegetal iconography of this historical juncture, the analysis exposes a cartography of ecocidal practices of neoliberal/global capitalism at the margins. The iconography of vegetation suggests what Michael Marder calls plant thinking and being, as well as a new configuration of networks that challenge current forms of authoritarian power and capture different ontologies of practice.
Regulación de algoritmos y sistemas de IA para la toma de decisiones judiciales, la toma de decisiones con sistemas de IA en la justicia colombiana
Authors: Sánchez Acevedo Marco Emilio
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo de investigación es resultado del trabajo adelantado por el autor dentro del proyecto de investigación Análisis de datos para la toma de decisiones espaciales e inteligencia artificial para la administración, vinculado al grupo de investigación Derecho Público y Tecnologías, categoría Colciencias A1 de la Universidad Católica de Colombia. De igual forma, resultado de la colaboración con el grupo de investigación Régimen jurídico constitucional de las libertades, el gobierno abierto y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías (UVEG-GIUV2016-270), así como del proyecto nacional MICINN, Derechos y garantías frente a las decisiones automatizadas en entornos de inteligencia artificial, IoT, big data y robótica (PID2019-108710RB-I00, 2020-2022) de la Universidad de Valencia, España. 
El lector encontrará un análisis que parte de la siguiente hipótesis: Las autoridades judiciales al utilizar sistemas de inteligencia artificial deben garantizar que estos sistemas cumplen la política de uso de tecnologías y en particular, los estándares que permitan la materialización del debido proceso. Por ello, el objetivo general de este artículo es determinar la existencia de límites jurídicos a los que están sometidas las autoridades judiciales cuando usan sistemas de inteligencia artificial para el cumplimiento de la función judicial. Para lograr este objetivo se aborda: 1) los derechos y principios en los entornos digitales, son referencia de buena administración algorítmica; 2) las normas que deben cumplir las autoridades judiciales, de manera general, cuando se usan tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones; 3) las obligaciones derivadas del cumplimiento de las normas referidas al uso de sistemas de inteligencia artificial y 4) la necesidad de regulación de algoritmos para la toma de decisiones judiciales. Por último, se dan las conclusiones.
Pulp screen plugging characteristics
Authors: Aryanpour Parsa , Gooding Robert W. , Olson James A.
Published: January 2025

Aperture plugging is a phenomenon that limits both the capacity and efficiency of pulp screens, which are critical components of the papermaking process. An understanding of how plugs are created and how they can be avoided can enhance the manufacture of paper products, providing energy savings, increased productivity, improved product quality, and higher levels of paper recycling. This work considers the creation and dispersion of plugs in a small, industrial screen. Flow resistance provides a means of assessing the presence of plugs and their evolution through creation and dispersion. A structured means of plug dispersion was formulated, from which floc strength could be inferred. These novel measurements provide insight not only into the factors that control plug creation, but into their character. Long-fiber (softwood) plugs were found to form and consolidate quickly and to achieve high strength. Their low porosity limited flow through the slot soon after creation. Short-fiber (hardwood) plugs formed more slowly, and they were more porous and weaker.
Risk of damage inside wooden cultural heritage sites based on temperature, humidity, and airborne fungi in South Korea
Authors: Im Ik-Gyun , Han Gyu-Seong
Published: January 2025

The temperature, humidity, and indoor airborne fungi were evaluated at 24 wooden cultural heritage sites (WCHs) (5 from field surveys and 19 from previous studies). Surface contaminating fungi was present year-round in the indoor space of WCHs. Wood decay fungi float only in summer and fall when relative humidity is high. The internal conditions of WCHs, such as an average temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 75% or more, persisted for at least 4 weeks and up to 8 weeks of the year. Accordingly, the growth of surface contaminating fungi and wood decay fungi on wood and Hanji (Korea paper) surfaces was evaluated for 12 weeks. There was no growth at relative humidity of 95% or less. The maximum average relative humidity of 24 WCHs nationwide was 90% or less, which makes it impossible for most wood decay fungi to germinate and grow, and the period when it remained above 95% was very short. Therefore, the indoor space of WCHs is unlikely to be damaged by surface contaminating fungi and wood decay fungi in all periods of the year, as the environment suitable for germination and growth is not created for a long period.
Kurčiųjų ar neprigirdinčiųjų tėvų ir girdinčiųjų vaikų šeima: dviejų atvejų tyrimas
Authors: Mikelevičiūtė Laura , Jakaitė-Bulbukienė Kristina
Published: January 2025

The present study analyses the language policy of two families of deaf or hard-of-hearing parents and hearing children. The desire to explore this topic was motivated by the fact that the linguistic situation of families consisting of deaf parents and hearing children is either not explored or the material is inaccessible to those who do not know Lithuanian sign language. A qualitative method of analysis was chosen to collect the material: in-depth semi-structured interviews with both parents individually and observation of joint activities of the whole family. The aspects of the interview analysis were: pre-planning of language policy strategies before the birth of the child and changes as the child grows up, behavior during arguing or in more complicated linguistic situations, i.e. looking at what are the usual compensatory strategies of communication. The analysis of the data shows that families have not developed specific linguistic strategies before having children, but some decisions has been made after the birth of the children, based on the experience of other families in the same situation. However, unlike previous generations, deaf parents have not tried to talk to their hearing children because it is already known that this is not effective. The analysis of the data also shows that both families have not made any special efforts to teach their children either Lithuanian Language or Lithuanian Sign Language. The biggest problem in families is the manipulation of children by their parents’ hearing impairment, and it is also evident that the families in the study deal with this problem differently. When communication difficulties arise, the most common strategies used are cooperative: lip reading, voice pronunciation tactics, use of the alphabet, seeking help from hearing relatives, and the use of paraphrasing strategies. However, the non-cooperative strategies also were mentioned: ignoring, avoiding. This study could be of interest and benefit to researchers working in the field of applied linguistics, families of deaf and hearing people, social workers working with deaf and hearing families and teachers.
Bifurcation of Archetypes in Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi’s Novel “Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors”
Authors: Dzera Oksana , Molchko Oksana
Published: January 2025

This article reinterprets Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi’s “Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors” by moving beyond the traditional view of the novel as a Hutsul “Romeo and Juliet” tale centered on a family feud. Applying Carl Jung’s theory of archetypes, the study explores how the narrative unfolds deeper psychological themes, including the Shadow, the Anima, the Wise Old Man, and the Changeling. The analysis reveals that the true essence of the novel lies in the protagonist’s struggle with his darker nature, his unfulfilled redemption, and the symbolic duality of the feminine, offering a universal exploration of identity, duality, and the human psyche. The authors integrate the overlapping of paganism and Christianity in the novel with the theory of archetypes, emphasizing how these elements shape the protagonist’s character and fate.
A Rövidített Sürgősségi Osztályos Betegelégedettségi Skála hazai validációja
Authors: Ádám Kornél , Barta Luca , Xantus Gábor , Fenyves Bánk , Varga Csaba
Published: January 2025

Bevezetés: A betegelégedettség mérése kulcsfontosságú a
minőségfejlesztési folyamatokhoz. A sürgősségi ellátás sajátosságai miatt
elengedhetetlen egy adaptált mérőeszköz alkalmazása. A Brief Emergency
Department Patient Satisfaction Scale egy nemzetközileg validált, célzottan a
sürgősségi ellátásban tapasztalt betegelégedettség mérésére kifejlesztett
kérdőív. Megbízhatóságát, érvényességét hazánkban eddig nem vizsgálták.
Célkitűzés: A vizsgálat célja a kérdőív magyar verziója
megbízhatóságának és alkalmazhatóságának elemzése volt, továbbá a
betegelégedettség összetevőinek vizsgálata egy magyar sürgősségi osztály
adatgyűjtése alapján. Módszer: Az adatgyűjtés 2023. január és
2024. augusztus között zajlott. Összesen 683, a Semmelweis Egyetem Sürgősségi
Orvostani Klinikáján megforduló, nem traumatológiai beteg és/vagy hozzátartozó
töltötte ki a kérdőívet. Az elemzéshez Cronbach-alfa mutatót, mediántesztet és
faktoranalízist végeztünk. Eredmények: A kérdőív összesített és
alskálák közötti Cronbach-alfa-értékei kiváló megbízhatóságra és belső
konzisztenciára utaltak (Cronbach-alfa: 0,86–0,94). A mediánteszt szignifikáns
különbséget mutatott a személyzettel való elégedettség és az általános
betegelégedettség (χ² = 7,57, p = 0,006), valamint a hozzátartozói elégedettség
között (χ² = 4,90, p = 0,027), míg a környezet megítélése (p = 0,064), valamint
az orvosi ellátás közötti különbség ugyanitt nem volt szignifikáns (p = 0,056).
A Cliff-delta alapján a legnagyobb hatásméret a személyzettel való elégedettség
és az általános betegelégedettség között mutatkozott (Cliff-delta = 0,17). A
faktoranalízis öt fő tényezőt azonosított, amelyek a teljes varianciát
magyarázták. Megbeszélés: A kérdőív nagy megbízhatósággal mérte
a betegelégedettség különböző aspektusait. Az alskálák közötti erős korrelációk
és a faktorelemzés eredményei alátámasztották a kérdőív komplexitását, azaz a
kérdőív a betegelégedettség lényegi aspektusait vizsgálta. Nem meglepő módon, az
általános betegelégedettséget a személyzettel való elégedettség befolyásolta a
legjelentősebben. Következtetés: A kérdőív magyar adaptációja
megbízható, és felszíni validitásában megfelelő eszköz a vizsgáló hazai
sürgősségi osztály betegelégedettségének felmérésére. A kérdőív esetleges
országos bevezetésével, annak mélyebb megértéséhez szükséges további adatok is
megszerezhetők, részletesebb statisztikai elemzési technikákkal, bővített
demográfiai változókkal finomítani lehetne az eredményeket. Orv Hetil. 2025;
166(3): 109–115.
O DIVÓRCIO E A CRIANÇA NA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA
Authors: De Oliveira Gonçalves Gabriela , Cardoso Lopes Hariel , Mouco Fernandes Raphaela , Lacerda Nobre Thalita
Published: January 2025

No Brasil, a partir da pandemia de COVID-19 registrou-se aumento significativo nos casos de divórcio. Isso leva a conjecturar sobre as repercussões nas crianças. O estudo objetiva compreender os efeitos do divórcio dos pais em crianças na primeira infância, observando mudanças emocionais e sociais a partir de estudos estruturados em Neurociência e Psicologia do desenvolvimento. Utiliza revisão narrativa de literatura fundamentada em autores clássicos como Winnicott, Bowlby e Ainsworth. Obteve-se que o efeito do divórcio nas crianças é sinalizador para melhoria das intervenções psicológicas e obtenção de esclarecimento a respeito deste fenômeno social. Acredita-se que a psicologia possa contribuir positivamente na promoção de saúde mental das crianças que vivenciaram o divórcio dos pais.
O LUGAR DOS PAIS NA PSICANÁLISE COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Barros Rodrigues Samuel , Vitória dos Passos Guerra da Silva Laiza , De Oliveira Romano Nicole , De Quadros Cherer Evandro
Published: January 2025

O lugar dos pais é um fator relevante que se impõe desde o início no atendimento psicanalítico com crianças. Compreende-se que o sintoma atribuído aos filhos pode estar relacionado com questões subjetivas parentais. Desse modo, a criança pode ser a porta-voz de conflitos e sofrimentos dos pais. Considerando esses aspectos, este estudo objetiva apresentar um relato de experiência descritivo-reflexivo sobre atendimentos realizados a pais que procuraram tratamento psicológico para seus filhos. Para tanto, são apresentados três casos que propiciaram a oportunidade de aprendizado concernente à implicação parental em relação ao sintoma. Assim, considera-se que o espaço de escuta para os pais é fundamental para compreender o sentido que a criança representa no discurso parental.
USO E APLICABILIDADE DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS PARA O CULTIVO DAS EMOÇÕES POSITIVAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Rincón Uribe Fabio Alexis , Monteiro Favacho Maria Fernanda , Pedroso Janari da Silva
Published: January 2025

Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, as pessoas experimentaram uma carga emocional negativa que incluiu sensações de tristeza, medo, raiva e estresse. No entanto, neste contexto, a vivência das emoções positivas favoreceu a redução do sofrimento emocional e o aumento do bem-estar, da resiliência e da boa saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar o papel que as emoções positivas desempenharam durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e as contribuições que as intervenções digitais em saúde ofereceram neste contexto. As emoções positivas são respostas que envolvem fatores cognitivos, emocionais e fisiológicos que se manifestam ante situações, objetos ou pessoas significativas e positivas. Embora estas emoções se manifestem em momentos favoráveis ou satisfatórias, durante momentos de adversidade podem desenvolver um papel importante na proteção da saúde e o bem-estar. Destacam-se os aportes da saúde para o cultivo das emoções positivas durante a emergência da COVID-19. Estas ferramentas facilitaram o acesso rápido e eficaz aos serviços de saúde, favoreceram a indução de emoções positivas e contribuíram para o melhoramento do bem-estar e da saúde em geral.
Kultūrinė atmintis Lietuvos radiofonuose 1926–1940 metais kiekybiniu požiūriu
Authors: Krutulys Titas
Published: January 2025

Straipsnyje kiekybinės turinio analizės metodu analizuojamos istorinės tematikos transliacijos Lietuvos radijuje 1926–1940 metais. Tiriamos trys radijo stotys: Valstybės radiofonas, Klaipėdos radiofonas ir Vilniaus radiofonas. Jiems tirti pasitelkiami archyviniai šaltiniai ir publikuotos radijo programos. Šiuo tyrimu siekiama atskleisti būdingiausias skirtinguose radiofonuose sutinkamas istorinių transliacijų temas, dažniausiai minimus istorinius laikotarpius, asmenybes ir transliacijų pobūdį. Kiekybiniai aspektai siejami su istoriografijoje analizuotais periodinės spaudos duomenimis, radiją kontroliavusių tautininkų ideologijos principais. Lietuvos radiofonai pasižymėjo specifiniais kultūrinės atminties sklaidos būdais, kurie nebūdingi kitoms tuometėms medijoms, perteikta kultūrinė atmintis buvo stipriai paveikta tautininkų ideologijos.
Mechanical Characterization of Friction Stir Welded Magnesium Alloy Reinforced with Titanium Carbide Nanofibers
Authors: Kaliappan Sabari , Appusamy Muniappan , Singh Mandeep
Published: January 2025

Abstract In this study, we focused on a lap joint arrangement made with a vertical machining machine to examine the impacts of adding Titanium Carbide nanofibers (TiCnf) to the weld pool of Grade AZ31 magnesium alloy. During the investigation, we followed ASTM guidelines for measuring tensile strength and yield strength, percentage of elongation, and Vickers hardness strength. The information gathered showed that welds with a peak tensile strength of 452 MPa showed a remarkable rise in TiCnf content of around 1.5 wt%. Additionally, it was revealed that adding more nanofibers considerably increased micro hardness. This improvement led to polished and distortion-free grain structures, especially in the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) and Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone (TMT). The mechanical qualities of the welds were ultimately improved as a result.
Confidence-based Estimators for Predictive Performance in Model Monitoring
Authors: Kivimäki Juhani , Nurminen Jukka K. , Białek Jakub , Kuberski Wojtek
Published: January 2025

After a machine learning model has been deployed into production, its predictive performance needs to be monitored. Ideally, such monitoring can be carried out by comparing the model’s predictions against ground truth labels. For this to be possible, the ground truth labels must be available relatively soon after inference. However, there are many use cases where ground truth labels are available only after a significant delay, or in the worst case, not at all. In such cases, directly monitoring the model’s predictive performance is impossible.
Recently, novel methods for estimating the predictive performance of a model when ground truth is unavailable have been developed. Many of these methods leverage model confidence or other uncertainty estimates and are experimentally compared against a naive baseline method, namely Average Confidence (AC), which estimates model accuracy as the average of confidence scores for a given set of predictions. However, until now the theoretical properties of the AC method have not been properly explored. In this paper, we bridge this gap by reviewing the AC method and show that under certain general assumptions, it is an unbiased and consistent estimator of model accuracy. We also augment the AC method by deriving valid confidence intervals for the estimates it produces. These contributions elevate AC from an ad-hoc estimator to a principled one, encouraging its use in practice.
We complement our theoretical results with empirical experiments, comparing AC against more complex estimators in a monitoring setting under covariate shift. We conduct our experiments using synthetic datasets, which allow for full control over the nature of the shift. Our experiments with binary classifiers show that the AC method is able to beat other estimators in many cases. However, the comparative quality of the different estimators is found to be heavily case-dependent.
İlkokul 4. Sınıf Türkçe Dersi 2019-2024 Öğretim Programlarının ve Ders Kitaplarının Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Ölçer Sena , Öztürk Mustafa Kemal
Published: January 2025

Bu araştırma, 2019 ve 2024 yıllarındaki ilkokul Türkçe dersi öğretim programları ve ders kitaplarının sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri (SKH) açısından incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Öğretim programları ve ders kitapları doküman analizi ile incelenmiştir. 2019 öğretim programında "Açlığa Son" ve "Sağlıklı Yaşam" gibi hedefler ön plana çıkarken, 2024 öğretim programında "Sürdürülebilir Şehirler ve Topluluklar" ile "Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim" gibi çevresel hedeflere daha fazla vurgu yapılmaktadır. Ders kitapları incelendiğinde, içeriklerin konu anlatımı, soru, etkinlik ve görsel ifade biçimi aracılığıyla sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine yer verdiği tespit edilmiştir. TDK1 koduyla incelenen ders kitabında Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar hedefine daha fazla katkı sağladığı görülürken, TDK2 koduyla incelenen ders kitabında Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim hedefine daha geniş yer verilmiştir.
Comparação de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática (CAP) sobre leishmaniose visceral no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Doyle Rovaina , Knorr Sabrina Braga , Da Silva Francine Raimundo , Lagranha Camila dos Santos , Da Silva Filho Manoel Roberto Poitevin , Santos Franklin Gerônimo Bispo , Pellegrini Débora da Cruz Payão
Published: January 2025

Justificativa e Objetivos: a leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose com grande impacto na saúde pública, acometendo populações negligenciadas, com alta taxa de letalidade, sendo seu controle altamente dependente das ações humanas. Este estudo objetivou descrever e comparar o nível de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática (CAP) em relação à LV nas populações de três municípios do Rio Grande do Sul (zonas de foco endêmico e não endêmico). Métodos: foram aplicados 334 questionários, no formato CAP, com resultados classificados em adequado e inadequado. A variável “A” (Atitude) foi avaliada antes e após uma breve explanação sobre o tema. Resultados: do total de entrevistados, 43,63% da cidade com zona urbana de foco endêmico (ZUFE) obtiveram escore adequado em “C” (Conhecimento) sobre LV, 16,66%, com avaliação adequada em “P” (Prática), e 61,40%, com nível de “A” adequado. Na zona rural de foco endêmico (ZRFE), os escores obtidos foram 14,54%, 10% e 56,40%, respectivamente, e em zona não endêmica (ZNE), 10,9%, 11,81% e 30,90%, respectivamente. Os respondentes com maior nível de “C” em ZRFE e ZUFE optaram pela eutanásia dos cães positivos e não mudaram de opinião após a explanação sobre a doença. Já em ZNE, os respondentes com maior nível de “C” optaram pelo tratamento sem mudar a escolha, ao passo que os entrevistados com maior escore “P” optaram pela eutanásia e assim a mantiveram. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam que o conhecimento da doença interfere na tomada de decisão diante da mesma, o que pode ser determinante no controle e prevenção da LV.
Análise de prescrições de antifúngicos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Distrito Federal
Authors: Santos Lula Barros Débora , Juan Ribeiro Calisto dos Santos Pedro , Nara da Rocha Thayanne
Published: January 2025

Justificativa e Objetivos: o uso inadequado de agentes antifúngicos acarreta o desenvolvimento de resistência e a falta de efetividade do tratamento, o que pode levar ao agravamento do quadro clínico e à persistência das infecções, ao aumento das taxas e à prolongação das internações hospitalares, além de óbitos e elevação dos custos em saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as prescrições de antifúngicos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Região de Saúde Sul do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e observacional, no qual foram avaliadas as segundas vias das prescrições retidas na farmácia. Resultados: foram analisadas 69 prescrições dispensadas em outubro de 2019. Em relação à prescrição de medicamentos segundo a Denominação Comum Brasileira (DCB) e à verificação da presença dos antifúngicos na Relação de Medicamentos Essenciais do Distrito Federal (REME-DF), encontraram-se taxas superiores a 90% nos documentos analisados. Apenas uma prescrição continha a associação de dois antifúngicos. A categoria prescritora predominante foi a enfermagem, seguida por médicos e odontólogos. Os antifúngicos mais prescritos foram fluconazol e miconazol. As vias de administração presentes nas prescrições foram oral e tópica. Conclusão: a escassez de estudos sobre o uso de antifúngicos na atenção primária ressalta a importância desta investigação para a geração de conhecimento especializado sobre o tema.
Discursos y prácticas gubernamentales en torno al narcotráfico en la provincia de Buenos Aires (2015-2019)
Authors: Navarro-Urquiza Pablo
Published: January 2025

Introducción: las investigaciones sobre el abordaje gubernamental del narcotráfico en la provincia de Buenos Aires establecen que la mayoría de los gobiernos desestimaron esta problemática y la afrontaron de manera superficial. Sin embargo, poco se conoce respecto del desempeño del gobierno provincial encabezado por María Eugenia Vidal (2015-2019) en esa materia. Objetivo: en este marco, el trabajo tiene por objeto aportar al conocimiento sobre los discursos y las prácticas gubernamentales en torno al narcotráfico durante la gestión de Vidal. Metodología: se propone una metodología cualitativa basada en la aplicación de un estudio de caso y un enfoque teórico asentado, principalmente, en la noción de políticas públicas de control del narcotráfico. Conclusiones: el artículo evidencia la sobreactuación discursiva y el profundo desconocimiento que predomina en el ámbito provincial en materia de control del narcotráfico, y las deficiencias que exhibieron las acciones institucionales y políticas impulsadas por el gobierno bonaerense durante el periodo señalado.
Comparative Analysis of the Incidence, Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer between China and the United States
Authors: Wang Ye , Li Xuemei , You Zongbing
Published: January 2025

In the context of globalization and an aging population, prostate cancer has emerged as a significant threat to male health, with its incidence and mortality rates on the rise worldwide. Particularly in comparison between China and the United States, two representative countries, there are notable differences in the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer due to variations in medical resource allocation, diagnostic techniques, lifestyles, and cultural perceptions. This article aims to compare and analyze the current status of prostate cancer in China and the U.S., explore the key factors influencing these differences, and provide references for the development of prostate cancer prevention and control strategies in China. We employ multi-dimensional data collection and analysis approaches including literature review, case-control studies, and statistical analysis. We focus on the epidemiological data, clinical practice guidelines, patient quality of life, and medical economic burden to comprehensively dissect the differences and their causes in prostate cancer management between China and the U.S. Our findings highlight the disparities between the two countries in the aspects of early screening, treatment preference, and long-term follow-up mechanisms, aiming to uncover the underlying reasons behind these differences and propose corresponding improvement suggestions. Conclusions drawn from our analyses indicate that the U.S. is relatively advanced in early diagnosis and personalized treatment of prostate cancer, benefiting from a more comprehensive healthcare system and advanced medical technologies. Although China has made a significant progress in recent years, it still faces many challenges due to the uneven distribution of medical resources, and there is space for improvement in public health awareness. The significance of our analysis lies in providing empirical evidence for formulating more scientifically sound and reasonable strategies for the prevention and control of prostate cancer in China, which will help promote further development and improvement in this field.
Clinical profile and risk factors for respiratory failure in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Huang Limin , Qian Junjie , Deng Kelei , Yang Zihao , Chen Zhenjie , Li Wei , Tan Linhua
Published: January 2025

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children and can lead to severe complications, including respiratory failure. A retrospective analysis of 2084 children diagnosed with CAP and treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 was conducted. A comprehensive dataset of patient demographics, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings was initially assembled. Subsequent statistical analyses were carried out to elucidate the clinical characteristics of MP pneumonia (MPP) in children. Additionally, the study identified high-risk factors for respiratory failure in the context of MPP. Among the hospitalized MPP cases, 15.8% progressed to respiratory failure. Statistical analysis identified D-dimer level as a significant risk factor for respiratory failure in children with MPP. A predictive model was developed using D-dimer levels, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818 with a cutoff value of 1.015 mg/L. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 62.4% and a specificity of 91.3%, proving effective in predicting respiratory failure caused by MPP. Respiratory failure remains a critical complication in children with MPP, and D-dimer levels serve as a key predictive risk factor. Vigilant monitoring of coagulation function, particularly D-dimer levels, is essential for the early identification of patients at risk of developing respiratory failure in MPP cases.
La cova de la Dona i la dona, entre el mite i la realitat històrica
Authors: Llorca Ibi Francesc Xavier
Published: January 2025

L’any 1929, el folklorista alteà Francesc Martínez presentà l’obra Llegendari valencià al concurs «Llegendari popular català», però l’obra va quedar inèdita fins a 1995. Entre les narracions que componien el volum hi havia «La cova de la Dona», una llegenda alteana en què s’explica el rapte i alliberament d’una jove pels pirates barbarescs. Cal dir que la història venia motivada per una cova vora mar de la Marina Baixa denominada cova de la Dona. Afortunadament, l’any 1947, «La cova de la Dona» aparegué en el tercer volum de Coses de la meua terra, de Francesc Martínez. Dos aspectes principals podem observar en la llegenda: l’amalgama entre realitat històrica i mite i el distint tractament entre la descripció del protagonista masculí (objectiva) i la descripció de la protagonista femenina (sexualitzada). Aquest tractament esbiaixat resulta més clar si el contrastem amb les reelaboracions contemporànies, com la sinopsi de la llegenda realitzada per Joan Borja (2005) i la versió que escriu Pilar Llorca (2018). Ambdues versions estan creades des d’uns paràmetres més concordes amb els temps actuals, en què la cosificació de la dona desapareix. L’anàlisi i contrast de les versions ens permeten veure com els sedassos ideològics modifiquen la presentació de les narracions tradicionals.
MINECRAFTseq V2 v1
Authors: Baglaenko Yuriy
Published: January 2025

Genetic studies have identified thousands of individual disease-associated non-coding alleles, but identification of the causal alleles and their functions remain critical bottlenecks. Even though CRISPR-Cas editing has enabled targeted modification of DNA, inefficient editing leads to heterogeneous outcomes across individual cells, limiting the ability to detect functional consequences of disease alleles. To overcome these challenges, we present a multi-omic single cell sequencing approach that directly identifies genomic DNA edits, assays the transcriptome, and measures cell surface protein expression. We apply this approach to investigate the effects of gene disruption, deletions in regulatory regions, and non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms. We identify the specific effects of individual SNPs, including the state-specific effects of an IL2RA autoimmune variant in primary human T cells. Multimodal functional genomic single cell assays including DNA sequencing bridge a crucial gap in our understanding of complex human diseases by directly identifying causal variation in primary human cells.
The effects of Rhodopseudomonas palustris on the improvement of agronomic traits and key enzyme-coding genes related to polysaccharide biosynthesis in Codonopsis pilosula v1
Authors: Wang Wanhua
Published: January 2025

1. Activation and Purification of Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2. Soil treatment 3. Germination promotion of Codonopsis pilosula 4. Measurement of agronomic traits and polysaccharide content of Codonopsis pilosula 5. Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula 6. Trans.criptome data analysis methods 7. Verification of expression level by qRT-PCR
Radiomics for osteoporosis detection – current opportunities and prospects: a literature review
Authors: Chugaev Anton I. , Vasilev Yuriy A. , Petraikin Alexey V. , Blokhin Ivan A. , Vladzymyrskyy Anton Vyacheslavovich , Omelyanskaya Olga Vasilevna
Published: January 2025

Background. The prevalence of osteoporotic fractures continues to increase as the population ages and undergoes a demographic transition, which is relevant for developed countries, including the Russian Federation. Radiomics may become a valuable tool for detecting osteoporosis in the future. Aim. This literature review aims to demonstrate the development and application of radiomic analysis in the diagnosis of oncological and non-oncological diseases, and for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Materials and methods. The literature corresponding to the topic of the review was searched in the PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary over the past five years. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of osteoporosis were taken from articles over the past fifteen years. The databases were searched for keywords: radiomic, osteoporosis, texture, MRI, CT, non-oncological radiomics, texture analysis, radiomic analysis. The review includes data from original articles. As a result, 247 articles were identified, of which 59 studies were included in the analysis. Conclusion. Currently, there are a limited number of studies exploring the possibilities of radiomic analysis for the detection of osteoporosis. Further research is needed on the radiomic analysis of CT and MRI images to detect osteoporosis, in comparison with recognized existing techniques – DRA, FRAX.
Prenatal MRI diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Ivlykova Tatiana , Bugrova Daria , Melnikov Alexander , Belotserkovtseva Larisa , Klimova Natalia
Published: January 2025

The article presents a clinical case of intrauterine diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis, followed by examination of the newborn and genetic verification of the diagnosis.
Lipid-lowering drugs: present and future
Authors: Selizarova Natalia O. , Napalkova Svetlana M. , Anisimova Natalia A. , Buyuklinskaya Olga V. , Bolotova Vera Ts. , Okovityi Sergey V.
Published: January 2025

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for the development atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The review summarizes data on lipoprotein metabolism and discusses methods pharmacological correction of dyslipidemia. Classification presented Lipid-lowering drugs, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic features, indications for use and side effects of individual representatives, issues of their effectiveness and safety are considered. Prospects for the treatment of dyslipidemia are outlined.
Neurotropic and immunomodulatory properties of a novel bioflavonoid composition
Authors: Goldina Irina A. , Markova Evgeniya V. , Savkin Ivan V. , Anikeeva Olga S. , Serenko Evgeniy V. , Smyk Anna V. , Shushpanova Tamara V. , Knyazheva Mariya A.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Flavonoids, a class of plant polyphenols, exhibit a wide range of biological (neuro- and immunotropic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, epigenome-modulating) properties involved in the mechanisms of management in various pathological processes, including nervous system diseases. Alcoholism is a pervasive social, medical, and economic issue of a modern society. Prolonged exposure to ethanol has a direct and mediated toxic effect on the human body through its metabolites negatively affecting nervous and immune systems that play a major role in adaptation. The ability of bioflavonoids to manage pathological disorders in a wide range of chronic diseases with neuroimmune pathogenesis mechanisms by interacting with specific cell surface receptors can provide therapeutic benefits in alcoholism.
AIM: To assess neurotropic and immunomodulatory properties of a novel curcumin-based bioflavonoid composition during prolonged ethanol consumption.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The content of bioflavonoids in the composition was measured in aqueous-organic extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chronically alcoholized male (CBA×C57Bl/6)F1 mice who received a 10% ethanol solution as the sole source of fluid during six months were administered a bioflavonoid composition during 30 days. Subsequent studies assessed alcohol motivation by consumption of a 10% ethanol solution in free choice with water, as well as behavioral parameters in the open field test, cytokine content in the brain structures (prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum) using enzyme immunoassay. The intensity of the cellular and humoral immune response was determined by the severity of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response and relative number of splenic antibody-forming cells, respectively.
RESULTS: The quantitative content of bioflavonoids was determined in the composition consisting of curcumin, piperine, soybean isoflavonoids, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, triterpene saponins, and β-carotene. Taking this composition in the context of prolonged ethanol consumption was shown to have a positive effect expressed in correcting the alcoholism-related behavioral phenotype (reduced alcohol motivation, stimulation of locomotor and exploratory activity), accompanied by decreased levels of certain proinflammatory cytokines in the brain structures (most pronounced in the hippocampus). Stimulation of the humoral and cellular immune response was also demonstrated after a course of treatment with the described composition.
CONCLUSIONS: The data support the use of the novel bioflavonoid composition as an additional immunomodulatory and neurotropic agent in the treatment of chronic alcoholism.