bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep-Water Warming in the Gulf of Mexico from 2003 to 2019
Authors: Ochoa José , Ferreira-Bartrina Vicente , Candela Julio , Sheinbaum Julio , López Manuel , Pérez-Brunius Paula , Herzka Sharon , Amon Rainer M.W.
Published: February 2021

A key consequence in climate change is the warming of deep waters, away from the faster warming rates of near-surface subtropical and tropical waters. Since surface and near-surface oceanic temperatures have been measured far more frequently in time and space than deep waters (>2000 m), deep measurements become quite valuable. Semi-enclosed basins, such as the Gulf of Mexico, are of particular interest as the waters below sills that connect with the neighboring oceans have residence times much longer than upper layers. Within the western Gulf of Mexico, near-bottom measurements at ~3500-m depths at four sites show a stable linear warming trend of ~16 ± 2 m°C decade−1 for the period 2007–18, and CTD data from eight oceanographic cruises occurring from 2003 to 2019 show a trend of ~18 ± ~2 m°C decade−1 from the bottom to ~2000 m below the surface. The bottom geothermal heat flux is a contributing factor to be considered in the warming and renewal of such waters, but it has not changed over millennia and is therefore unlikely to be the cause of the observed trend. The densest waters that spill into the Gulf of Mexico, over the Yucatan Channel sill, must mix substantially during their descent and in the near-bottom interior, losing their extreme values. A simple box model connects the observed warming, well within the Gulf interior, with that expected in the densest waters that spill from the North Atlantic into the Cayman Basin through Windward Passage and suggests that the source waters at the entrance to the Caribbean have been warming for at least 100 years.
In situ Generation of Antibiotics using Bioorthogonal “Nanofactories”
Authors: Li Cheng-Hsuan , Huang Rui , Makabenta Jessa Marie , Schmidt-Malan Suzannah , Patel Robin , Rotello Vincent M
Published: February 2021

Prodrug strategies use chemical modifications to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and therefore therapeutic effects of parent drugs. Traditional prodrug approaches use endogenous enzymes for activation. Bioorthogonal catalysis uses processes that endogenous enzymes cannot access, providing a complementary strategy for prodrug uncaging. Site-selective activation of prodrugs to drugs (uncaging) using synthetic catalysts is a promising strategy for localized drug activation. We discuss here recent studies that incorporate metal catalysts into polymers and nanoparticle scaffolds to provide biocompatible “enzyme-like” catalysts that can penetrate bacterial biofilms and activate prodrug antibiotics in situ, affording a new strategy to treat bacterial biofilm infections with the potential for reduced off-target effects.
Men’s Physical Activity and Sleep Following a Workplace Health Intervention: Findings from the POWERPLAY STEP Up challenge
Authors: Seaton Cherisse L. , Bottorff Joan L. , Soprovich Allison L. , Johnson Steven T. , Duncan Mitch J. , Caperchione Cristina M. , Oliffe John L. , Rice Simon , James Carole , Eurich Dean T.
Published: February 2021

The workplace provides an important delivery point for health promotion, yet many programs fail to engage men. A gender-sensitive 8-week team challenge-based intervention targeting increased physical activity was delivered at a petrochemical worksite. The purpose of this study was to examine men’s pre–post physical activity and sleep following the intervention, as well as to explore program acceptability and gather men’s recommendations for health promotion. Pre–post surveys assessed physical activity, sleep, program exposure, acceptability, and suggestions for continued support. Overall, 328 men completed baseline surveys and 186 (57%) completed follow-up surveys. Walking increased by 156.5 min/week, 95% confidence interval (61.2, 251.8), p = .001. Men with higher program exposure increased moderate and vigorous activity 49.4 min more than those with low exposure ( p = .026). Sleep duration and quality were higher postintervention, though changes were modest. Program acceptability was high as was intention to maintain physical activity. Men’s suggestions to enable physical activity involved workplace practices/resources, reducing workload, and leadership support. These findings suggest that a gender-sensitive physical activity workplace intervention showed promise for improving physical activity and sleep among men. The men’s suggestions reflected workplace health promotion strategies, reinforcing the need for employers to support ongoing health promotion efforts.
EMS operation in a female restricted university, Saudi prospective
Authors: Alassaf Wajdan , Al Hamid Sameer , Kentab Osama , Al Otaibi Abdullah , Al Mufareh Bandar
Published: February 2021

This paper was written to explain the process and steps and to describe the experience with building a women-only operated collegiate emergency medical service (EMS) system in the largest women-only university in the world. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the EMS system described in this report is the first collegiate EMS system in the Gulf region. The concept of the collegiate EMS system at the university, the factors that mandated the creation of this system, the process steps, the challenges faced, and, finally, the reported outcome have been evaluated. The women-only campus conferred unique challenges and additional pressure during the planning and implementation stages of this project; our system had helped in decreasing response time to medical emergency, provided back up support during mass gathering events in the university, and helped in decreasing the load on other national EMS services.
Behavioral changes and hygiene practices of older adults in Japan during the first wave of COVID-19 emergency
Authors: Arai Yasumichi , Oguma Yuko , Abe Yukiko , Takayama Midori , Hara Azusa , Urushihara Hisashi , Takebayashi Toru
Published: February 2021

Background

On April 7, 2020, Japan declared a state of emergency due to the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the associated social distancing likely to have had a great impact on older adults’ lifestyle and health. This study aimed to explore the behavioral changes and personal hygiene practices in relation with background psychosocial and health characteristics of older adults during the COVID-19 emergency.

Methods

A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted with the participants of the Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project (KAWP), an on-going longitudinal cohort study of older adults aged 85 or older. The interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire consisting of 11 closed questions regarding behavioral changes and personal hygiene practices during the state of emergency. Sociodemographic and health data were obtained from the KAWP baseline survey conducted 2.2 years before the telephonic survey.

Results

Overall, 487 participants from the KAWP responded to the telephonic survey (response rate: 89.2%). 94.5% of the respondents reported no changes in basic lifestyle habits, such as eating, sleeping, smoking, and drinking, whereas 28.1% reported a decrease in physical activity, and 54.6% reported going out less frequently. One-third of the respondents reported a decrease in the number of people to converse with, as well as the amount of time to converse. For personal hygiene practices, 93.8% reported wearing a mask when they went out, and 50.3% reported an increased frequency of handwashing. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that engagement in physical activity at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–3.08), smartphone ownership (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.33–3.47), and visual impairment (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.10–2.91) were independently associated with decreased physical activity during the COVID-19 emergency. Female respondents and smartphone ownership were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing.

Conclusions

The study revealed that older adults in an urban setting responded to the COVID-19 emergency with behavioral changes. The findings of this study have implications for the design of preventive strategies to maintain the health and wellbeing of at-risk older adults.
Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics
Authors: Bell Joshua A. , Santos Ferreira Diana L. , Fraser Abigail , Soares Ana Luiza G. , Howe Laura D. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Carslake David , Davey Smith George , O’Keeffe Linda M.
Published: February 2021

Background

Males experience higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) than females, but the circulating traits underpinning this difference are poorly understood. We examined sex differences in systemic metabolites measured at four life stages, spanning childhood to middle adulthood.

Methods

Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (7727 offspring, 49% male; and 6500 parents, 29% male). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy from a targeted metabolomics platform was performed on EDTA-plasma or serum samples to quantify 229 systemic metabolites (including lipoprotein-subclass-specific lipids, pre-glycaemic factors, and inflammatory glycoprotein acetyls). Metabolites were measured in the same offspring once in childhood (mean age 8 years), twice in adolescence (16 years and 18 years) and once in early adulthood (25 years), and in their parents once in middle adulthood (50 years). Linear regression models estimated differences in metabolites for males versus females on each occasion (serial cross-sectional associations).

Results

At 8 years, total lipids in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were lower in males; levels were higher in males at 16 years and higher still by 18 years and 50 years (among parents) for medium-or-larger subclasses. Larger sex differences at older ages were most pronounced for VLDL triglycerides—males had 0.19 standard deviations (SD) (95% CI = 0.12, 0.26) higher at 18 years, 0.50 SD (95% CI = 0.42, 0.57) higher at 25 years, and 0.62 SD (95% CI = 0.55, 0.68) higher at 50 years. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein-B, and glycoprotein acetyls were generally lower in males across ages. The direction and magnitude of effects were largely unchanged when adjusting for body mass index measured at the time of metabolite assessment on each occasion.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that males begin to have higher VLDL triglyceride levels in adolescence, with larger sex differences at older ages. Sex differences in other CHD-relevant metabolites, including LDL cholesterol, show the opposite pattern with age, with higher levels among females. Such life course trends may inform causal analyses with clinical endpoints in specifying traits which underpin higher age-adjusted CHD rates commonly seen among males.
Outcomes of dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty versus bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Hsuan-Hsiao , Chou Te-Feng Arthur , Pai Fu-Yuan , Tsai Shang-Wen , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming
Published: February 2021

Background

Elderly patients with femoral neck fractures are at a higher risk of dislocation after hip arthroplasty procedures. In comparison with total hip arthroplasty (THA), bipolar hemiarthroplasty (HA) and dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty (DM-THA) can be an effective alternative treatment which increases the effective head size and overall stability of the prosthesis. We aim to review the current evidence on the outcome after DM-THA and HA for femoral neck fractures in the elderly.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive review of literatures on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials and comparative interventional studies. Of the 936 studies identified, 8 met the inclusion criteria (541 DM-THA and 603 HA procedures). Two reviewers independently reviewed and graded each study and recorded relevant data including dislocation rate, implant failure rate, reoperation rate, 1-year mortality rate, Harris hip score (HHS), operation time, and intraoperative blood loss.

Results

DM-THA was associated with a lower dislocation rate (OR 3.599; 95% CI 1.954 to 6.630), a lower reoperation rate (OR 2.056; 95% CI 1.211 to 3.490), an increased operation time (SMD − 0.561; 95% CI − 0.795 to − 0.326) and more intraoperative blood loss (SMD − 0.778; 95% CI − 1.238 to − 0.319), compared with the HA group. Moreover, the multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, female sex, posterolateral surgical approach, and choice of DM-THA or HA were not associated with dislocation or reoperation.

Conclusions

Based on the current evidence, the advantages reported for DM-THA over HA with regard to dislocation and reoperation rate in elderly patients with FNF remain inconclusive. High-quality studies on the high-risk patients with cognitive disorder or dementia are necessary to validate the value of DM-THA.
Protection strategy against outbreak of COVID-19 at a tertiary hematology-oncology: strengths and pitfalls
Authors: Kaddu-Mulindwa Dominic , Thurner Lorenz , Bewarder Moritz , Murawski Niels , Ahlgrimm Manfred , Pfuhl Thorsten , Gärtner Barbara , Smola Sigrun , Stilgenbauer Stephan
Published: February 2021

Due to the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak it is mandatory for health care workers to develop containment strategies. Recently published data showed, that cancer patients might have a higher risk for severe course of the disease. We therefore developed a strategy of screening and containment for SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized cancer patients. Our approach includes a temporary isolation in a so-called floating zone and testing strategy for screening of asymptomatic individuals by pooling of samples before RT-PCR amplification. Patients as far as health care professionals got tested twice a week. Nurses and physicians entered the floating zone with full body protection. Within 8 weeks we tested 418 individuals (professionals and patients) in total. Only 2 patients had COVID-19 without documented further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We therefore think that our strategy might be a useful approach to protect inpatients with cancer at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection during this ongoing pandemic.
Chronic pain after breast surgery: incidence, associated factors, and impact on quality of life, an observational prospective study
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Mandarano Raffaele , Scirè-Calabrisotto Caterina , Rizzelli Valeria , Del Duca Martina , Montin Diego Pomarè , Paparella Laura , De Gaudio A. Raffaele , Romagnoli Stefano
Published: February 2021

Background

Chronic pain after breast surgery (CPBS) has a disabling impact on postoperative health status. Mainly because of the lack of a clear definition, inconsistency does exist in the literature concerning both the actual incidence and the risk factors associated to CPBS. The aim of this prospective, observational study is to describe the incidence of and risk factors for CPBS, according to the definition provided by the IASP taskforce. The impact of CPBS on patients’ function and quality of life is also described.

Methods

Women aged 18+ undergoing oncological or reconstructive breast surgery from Jan until Apr 2018 at the Breast Unit of Careggi Hospital (Florence, Italy) were prospectively observed. Postoperative pain was measured at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 3 months (CPBS) after surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were compared in CPBS and No-CPBS groups through multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among the 307 patients considered in this study, the incidence of CPBS was 28% [95% CI 23.1–33.4%]. Results from the logistic regression analysis suggest that axillary surgery (OR [95% CI], 2.99 [1.13–7.87], p = 0.03), preoperative use of pain medications (OR [95% CI], 2.04 [1.20–3.46], p = 0.01), and higher dynamic NRS values at 6 h postoperatively (OR [95% CI], 1.28 [1.05–1.55], p = 0.01) were all independent predictors for CPBS.

Conclusions

Chronic pain after breast surgery is a frequent complication. In our cohort, long-term use of analgesics for pre-existing chronic pain, axillary surgery, and higher dynamic NRS values at 6 h postoperatively were all factors associated with increased risk of developing CPBS. The possibility to early detect persistent pain, particularly in those patients at high risk for CPBS, might help physicians to more effectively prevent pain chronicisation.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04309929.
A theory of migration: the aspirations-capabilities framework
Authors: de Haas Hein
Published: February 2021

This paper elaborates an aspirations–capabilities framework to advance our understanding of human mobility as an intrinsic part of broader processes of social change. In order to achieve a more meaningful understanding of agency and structure in migration processes, this framework conceptualises migration as a function of aspirations and capabilities to migrate within given sets of perceived geographical opportunity structures. It distinguishes between the instrumental (means-to-an-end) and intrinsic (directly wellbeing-affecting) dimensions of human mobility. This yields a vision in which moving and staying are seen as complementary manifestations of migratory agency and in which human mobility is defined as people’s capability to choose where to live, including the option to stay, rather than as the act of moving or migrating itself. Drawing on Berlin’s concepts of positive and negative liberty (as manifestations of the widely varying structural conditions under which migration occurs) this paper conceptualises how macro-structural change shapes people’s migratory aspirations and capabilities. The resulting framework helps to understand the complex and often counter-intuitive ways in which processes of social transformation and ‘development’ shape patterns of migration and enable us to integrate the analysis of almost all forms of migratory mobility within one meta-conceptual framework.
Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) survival on transgenic cotton in India
Authors: Naik V. Chinna Babu , KB Subbireddy , Kranthi Sandhya , Nagrare V. S. , Kumbhare Sujit , Gokte-Narkhedkar Nandini , Waghmare V. N.
Published: February 2021

Background

Insecticidal proteins from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) marks the genetically modified cotton crop that was commercialized in India in March 2002 for the control of lepidopteron bollworms. Despite organized initial control, the pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), adapted itself to cry toxins resulted in field control failures in 2016 and 2017.  The present study was designed to understand the survival and development of PBW populations differing in susceptibility to Cry toxins on Bt and non-Bt plants. 

Results

For assessment of infestation, populations were collected from different cotton growing states. Per cent infestation of flowers and green bolls in the study areas were in the range of 3.09–29.26 and 36–91.20% for flowers and green bolls, respectively. Among different locations highest magnitude of resistance to Cry1Ac (371.8-fold) and Cry2Ab (4214.3-fold) was spotted in late season populations of Rajkot collected from bolls. Further, in order to confirm field level resistance of surviving larvae on high and low concentrations of Cry toxins, larvae were pooled and subjected to boll bioassays. Results revealed that, none of the larvae from susceptible populations survived on BGII bolls. Although, the same populations showed a survival of 38 and 32%, which led to 80% locule damage on non-Bt cotton. Maximum survival (32%) and locule damage (70%) was observed for Maharashtra (F-H) Cry2Ab and Gujarat (B-H) Cry2Ab populations recorded 36% survival and 70% mortality, respectively, on BGII cotton and 58.33% survival and 60% locule damage on non-Bt cotton, respectively. Populations derived from survivals on low concentrations produced the lowest survival and locule damage on Bt cotton. Maximum number of mines on epicarp (2.4 mines/boll) was recorded by susceptible population on NBt cotton. Green bolls of Bt and NBt cotton did not differ in the number of mines.

Conclusion

It was concluded that none of the larvae from susceptible populations survived on BGII bolls. Although, the same populations showed a survival of 38 and 32%, which led to 80% locule damage on non-Bt cotton
Sleep disorders and their relationship to other psychiatric disorders in women with breast cancer: a case-control study
Authors: Gabra Romany H. , Hashem Doaa F.
Published: February 2021

Background

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women, impacting 2.1 million women each year. The aim of the study is to determine prevalence of sleep disorders among patients with breast cancer, its correlation with different psychological symptoms and the ability of such symptoms to predict sleep disorders among those patients. The current study is a case-control study compromised of 153 participants, 93 breast cancer patients versus 60 cross-matched healthy control persons recruited from the outpatient clinic of Oncology Department—Assiut University Hospital. Arabic versions of Beck’s Depression Inventory, symptom checklist, and Sleep Disorder Scale were used to evaluate depression, obsession, sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoia ideation, psychoticism, and sleep disorders, respectively. The correlation of this data with clinical and social variables of these patients and the effect of such variables on each other were also determined.

Results

A statistically higher prevalence of sleep disorders and depression was reported among breast cancer patients compared to the control group. Also, patients with breast cancer scored statistically higher mean scores in somatization, obsession, sensitivity, anxiety, and phobic anxiety than those of the control group.

Conclusions

Prevalence of sleep disorders, depression, obsession, sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoia ideation, and psychoticism among breast cancer patients poses a challenge to the treatment of such patients. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement lead to poor treatment outcomes of both cancer disease and psychiatric disorders.
COVID-19 infection and cardiac angiosarcoma: a dangerous combination—a case report
Authors: Endara Santiago A. , Dávalos Gerardo A. , Molina Gabriel A. , Zavala Aldo B. , Ponton Patricia M. , Brito Maribel , Nieto Carlos , Ullauri Vladimir E.
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained all medical systems, especially in countries like Ecuador, where health services were already limited. These conditions, combined with a deadly and unusual disease, like primary heart angiosarcoma, can lead to severe outcomes. Angiosarcomas represent the most common and aggressive primary malignant heart tumor; regretfully, its clinical manifestations are vague and can be easily missed. Most patients become symptomatic when there is local invasion, embolization, or metastases, leading to late diagnosis and poor survival. High clinical awareness, adequate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are vital in these rare diseases, in which time is of paramount importance.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 28-year-old female who had cough, hemoptysis, and ground-glass opacities in the CT (computed tomography). Since Ecuador is in the middle of this pandemic, she was misdiagnosed and mistreated. Primary heart angiosarcoma was diagnosed, and regretfully, the patient suffered multiple complications due to diagnosis and died.

Conclusion

To this day, most cardiac angiosarcomas are found in a late-stage with distal metastasis and advanced local invasion. Sadly, this tumor is frequently missed due to its incidence and broad-spectrum of clinical symptoms. Considering that its manifestations can be misleading, misdiagnosis can occur, especially in pandemic times. Therefore, knowledge of other pathologies prevents COVID-19 from overshadowing other diagnoses, hence preventing delayed diagnosis or even misdiagnosis and consequent adverse outcomes for patients.
Short-term outcomes of reconstruction of extensively diseased left anterior descending artery with or without endarterectomy: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Fayad El-Sayed A. , Amr Mohamed A.
Published: February 2021

Background

Surgical management of extensively diseased left anterior descending artery (LAD) is challenging. Reconstruction of the LAD with endarterectomy may lead to intimal disruption and affect the outcomes of surgery. We aimed to compare hospital outcomes of surgical reconstruction of extensively diseased LAD with and without endarterectomy.

Results

This retrospective multicenter study included 275 patients who had reconstruction of extensively diseased LAD from 2015 to 2019. We divided patients into two groups: group 1 (n = 138) included patients who had plaque exclusion and patching, and group 2 (n = 137) included patients who had endarterectomy and patching. All patients had primary isolated on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting to LAD. On-lay LIMA patch was used in 118 patients in group 1 and 132 patients in group 2. A saphenous vein patch was used in 20 patients in group 1 and 5 patients in group 2. Propensity score matching identified 100 matched pairs. The age in group 1 was 56.1 ± 7.8 years versus 55.2 ± 7.1 in group 2 (P = 0.34). There were 119 (86.2%) males in group 1 and 113 (82.5%) in group 2 (P = 0.39). After matching, there was no difference in preoperative and operative data. In the matched groups, low cardiac output occurred in 6 (6%) patients in group 1 and 4 (4%) patients in group 2 (P = 0.73). There was no difference in mechanical ventilation time between groups (9 (25th- 75th percentiles: 7.5–14) hours in group 1 vs. 9 (7–14) hours in groups 2; P = 0.93). Length of hospital stay was 7 (6–9) days in group 1 and 7 (6–10) days in group 2 (P = 0.57). Mortality occurred in one patient in group 1. We did not report early graft occlusion cases in group 1, and one patient had a myocardial infarction in group 2.

Conclusion

The outcomes after reconstructing extensively diseased LAD with endarterectomy or plaque exclusion and patching are satisfactory and comparable in both approaches.
Demographic and clinical phenotypic differences between people with dissociative seizures and those with other psychiatric disorders
Authors: Smakowski Abigail , Bird Jacob S. , Pritchard Megan , Mula Marco
Published: February 2021

Background

A large amount of literature surrounds the differences between dissociative neurological symptom disorder with non-epileptic seizures (DNSD-S) and epilepsy.

Aims

To explore the research gap on phenotypic differences between DNSD-S and other psychiatric disorders.

Method

We conducted a case–control study of 1860 patients (620 patients with DNSD-S and 1240 controls with other psychiatric disorders) seen at the South London and Maudsley Hospital NHS Trust between 2007 and 2019.

Results

Compared with the controls, the patients with DNSD-S were more likely to be female (76 v. 47%, P < 0.001), of White ethnicity (77 v. 60%, P < 0.001), married (34 v. 14%, P < 0.001) and living in areas of lower socioeconomic status (−3.79, 95% CI −2.62 to −4.96, P < 0.001). Two peaks for age at diagnosis were observed for DNSD-S: the early 20s and late 40s. After 31 years of age, men's chance of being diagnosed with DNSD-S increased from 19 to 28% (P = 0.009). People with DNSD-S presented more commonly with a history of a neurological episodic or paroxysmal disorder (OR = 12, 95% CI 7.82–20.26), another dissociative disorder (OR = 10, 95% CI 1.64– 65.95) or unclassified signs or symptoms (OR = 4, 95% CI 2.61–6.43). Neither anxiety, depression nor other somatoform disorders predicted subsequent diagnosis of DNSD-S, and controls had a larger proportion of preceding psychiatric diagnoses than patients with DNSD-S (65 v. 49%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This is the first study comparing demographic and phenotypic correlates of patients with DNSD-S against a large cohort of psychiatric patients. These data will inform development and drive service needs in psychiatry for people with DNSD-S.
Evolving Role of Oncolytic Virotherapy: Challenges and Prospects in Clinical Practice
Authors: Moaven Omeed , Mangieri Christopher W. , Stauffer John A. , Anastasiadis Panos Z. , Borad Mitesh J.
Published: February 2021

Selective oncotropism and cytolytic activity against tumors have made certain viruses subject to investigation as novel treatment modalities. However, monotherapy with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has shown limited success and modest clinical benefit. The capacity to genetically engineer OVs makes them a desirable platform to design complementary treatment modalities to overcome the existing treatment options' shortcomings. In recent years, our knowledge of interactions of the tumors with the immune system has expanded profoundly. There is a growing body of literature supporting immunomodulatory roles for OVs. The concept of bioengineering these platforms to induce the desired immune response and complement the current immunotherapeutic modalities to make immune-resistant tumors responsive to immunotherapy is under investigation in preclinical and early clinical trials. This review provides an overview of attempts to optimize oncolytic virotherapy as essential components of the multimodality anticancer therapeutic approach and discusses the challenges in translation to clinical practice.
How the Critique of Heaven Confines the Critique of the Earth
Authors: Amer Meziane Mohamad
Published: February 2021

This essay examines the effects of the critique of religion on the critique of capital and how the former confines the latter. It asks: What remains of the concepts of alienation or fetishism if they all stem from an anthropology of religion that seems to be criticized? If religion ceases to refer to an anthropological essence and is criticized as a European colonial concept, then what happens to the critique of capital? It argues that what Marx considers the condition for critique seems to be the blind spot of Western Marxism. Without a critical analysis of how the concept of religion is constructed and how religion is thus described as a human invention, Marxism cannot know itself. If Marx is a “critic of the critique of religion,” this gesture must apply to Marx as well as to Marxism itself. The critique of capitalism might need an alternative foundation if the anthropological concept of religion that supported it collapses. It is therefore impossible to maintain the critique of capital as it is while refusing the critique of religion that lies at its foundation.
Workers Entering the Prison
Authors: McGowan Christopher
Published: February 2021

This article argues that Steve McQueen’s Hunger (2008) represents an unexpected but compelling mutation of the genre of postindustrial labor film. Hunger depicts the protests of Irish republican prisoners inside the Maze Prison that culminated in the 1981 Irish hunger strike. At the same time, the film develops an extended representation of the labor of the prison workers who beat, humiliate, care for, and counsel the prisoners throughout the protests. By combining and reworking the genres of labor film, prison film, and Irish Troubles film, Hunger imagines the prison as a microcosm of a deindustrialized Northern Irish economy where labor has left the factory and become conjoined to the disciplinary power of the state, either as police work or as care work. In this way, Hunger attends to the “spirit” of what Lenin called the “labor aristocracy,” here reduced to the work of maintaining the very boundary between itself and those excluded from it. McQueen’s attention to the body and to the affective dimensions of labor and struggle, the article argues, allows Hunger to achieve a uniquely committed, totalizing representation of the political economy of Northern Ireland.
Dealing with predictable and unpredictable temperatures in a climate change context: the case of parasitoids and their hosts
Authors: Le Lann Cécile , van Baaren Joan , Visser Bertanne
Published: February 2021

The Earth's climate is changing at a rapid pace. To survive in increasingly fluctuating and unpredictable environments, species can either migrate or evolve through rapid local adaptation, plasticity and/or bet-hedging. For small ectotherm insects, like parasitoids and their hosts, phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging could be critical strategies for population and species persistence in response to immediate, intense and unpredictable temperature changes. Here, we focus on studies evaluating phenotypic responses to variable predictable thermal conditions (for which phenotypic plasticity is favoured) and unpredictable thermal environments (for which bet-hedging is favoured), both within and between host and parasitoid generations. We then address the effects of fluctuating temperatures on host–parasitoid interactions, potential cascading effects on the food web, as well as biological control services. We conclude our review by proposing a road map for designing experiments to assess if plasticity and bet-hedging can be adaptive strategies, and to disentangle how fluctuating temperatures can affect the evolution of these two strategies in parasitoids and their hosts.
Chronic splenic artery occlusion with gastric wall arterial ectasia, an unusual cause of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Authors: Al-Balas Hassan , Metwalli Zeyad A. , Sada David M.
Published: February 2021

Life-threatening upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage can occur as a result of bleeding from a variety of arterial and venous sources. We present an unusual cause of life-threatening upper GI hemorrhage arising from ectatic gastric wall arterial branches in a 49-year-old male with previously unrecognized chronic splenic artery thrombosis. The patient developed a recurrence of bleeding despite coil embolization of an accessory left gastric artery branch supplying the gastric fundus suspected to be the site of active bleeding. The patient subsequently underwent splenectomy and surgical ligation of a bleeding gastric artery branch. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing this unusual cause of upper GI hemorrhage for proper management and prevention of recurrence. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of the case report including accompanying images.
Influence of time and hydration (ageing) on flexural strength of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) fabricated with different CAD-CAM Systems
Authors: Al Aali Khulud A , Alresayes Saad , Alhenaki Aasem M , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of time and hydration (ageing) on flexural strength of yttrium-stabilized zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) zirconia fabricated from three different materials.

Methods: This in-vitro study was performed from June to September 2019. Y-TZP bars, measuring 2 x 3 x 20 mm were prepared and sintered from three different materials, Group-1: LAVA™ Zirconia (3M™ ESPE, US) (control) Group-2: Vita In-Ceram YZ (VITA, Germany) and Group-3: Aadva™ Zirconia (Zr) (GC Advanced technologies Inc.). 30 zirconia bars per group were prepared using sectioning of blocks with isomet saw. Followed by sintering in furnaces for recommended temperature cycles. One side of bars were polished and beveled for flexural testing. Groups of specimens were divided into subgroups of 3 (n=10) based on the ageing (distilled water in the incubator at 37ºC) durations (48 Hrs and two and half years). Ten specimens in each material groups were not aged (controls). Samples were exposed to a static force in a three-point bend test using a universal instron-testing machine until fracture. Scanning electron microscopic assessment was performed for fractured specimens for ageing. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test.

Results: The mean flexural strength at baseline for Group-1: LAVA™ Zirconia, group (632.7 ± 136.5 MPa) 2: Vita In-Ceram YZ (1036.3 ± 229.6 MPa), and Group-3: Aadva™ Zirconia (1171.3 ± 266.3 MPa) were significantly different. Group-2 and Group-3 specimens showed higher strength compared to Group-1 specimens, irrespective of the ageing duration (p<0.05). Analysis of pooled data for flexural strength for materials by aging period (baseline, after 48 hours and after 2 and ½ years) showed that there was significant reduction of strength with increasing duration (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Y-TZP showed variations in flexural strength depending on the material type. Ageing duration exhibited significant influence on the flexural strength of Y-TZP when comparing no ageing to two and half years. Vita In-Ceram YZ and Aadva Zirconia (Zr) showed higher and clinically acceptable flexural strength outcomes.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3996

How to cite this:Al-Aali KA, Alresayes S, Alhenaki AM, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Influence of time and hydration (ageing) on flexural strength of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) fabricated with different CAD-CAM Systems. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):833-839.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3996

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
RP-REP Ribosomal Profiling Reports: an open-source cloud-enabled framework for reproducible ribosomal profiling data processing, analysis, and result reporting
Authors: Jensen Travis L. , Hooper William F. , Cherikh Sami R. , Goll Johannes B.
Published: February 2021

Ribosomal profiling is an emerging experimental technology to measure protein synthesis by sequencing short mRNA fragments undergoing translation in ribosomes. Applied on the genome wide scale, this is a powerful tool to profile global protein synthesis within cell populations of interest. Such information can be utilized for biomarker discovery and detection of treatment-responsive genes. However, analysis of ribosomal profiling data requires careful preprocessing to reduce the impact of artifacts and dedicated statistical methods for visualizing and modeling the high-dimensional discrete read count data. Here we present Ribosomal Profiling Reports (RP-REP), a new open-source cloud-enabled software that allows users to execute start-to-end gene-level ribosomal profiling and RNA-Seq analysis on a pre-configured Amazon Virtual Machine Image (AMI) hosted on AWS or on the user’s own Ubuntu Linux server. The software works with FASTQ files stored locally, on AWS S3, or at the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). RP-REP automatically executes a series of customizable steps including filtering of contaminant RNA, enrichment of true ribosomal footprints, reference alignment and gene translation quantification, gene body coverage, CRAM compression, reference alignment QC, data normalization, multivariate data visualization, identification of differentially translated genes, and generation of heatmaps, co-translated gene clusters, enriched pathways, and other custom visualizations. RP-REP provides functionality to contrast RNA-SEQ and ribosomal profiling results, and calculates translational efficiency per gene. The software outputs a PDF report and publication-ready table and figure files. As a use case, we provide RP-REP results for a dengue virus study that tested cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum cellular fractions of human Huh7 cells pre-infection and at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 40 h post-infection. Case study results, Ubuntu installation scripts, and the most recent RP-REP source code are accessible at GitHub. The cloud-ready AMI is available at AWS (AMI ID: RPREP RSEQREP (Ribosome Profiling and RNA-Seq Reports) v2.1 (ami-00b92f52d763145d3)).
Interactive biomedical segmentation tool powered by deep learning and ImJoy
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Le Trang , Xu Hao , Lundberg Emma
Published: February 2021

Deep learning-based methods play an increasingly important role in bioimage analysis. User-friendly tools are crucial for increasing the adoption of deep learning models and efforts have been made to support them in existing image analysis platforms. Due to hardware and software complexities, many of them have been struggling to support re-training and fine-tuning of models which is essential  to avoid  overfitting and hallucination issues  when working with limited training data. Meanwhile, interactive machine learning provides an efficient way to train models on limited training data. It works by gradually adding new annotations by correcting the model predictions while the model is training in the background. In this work, we developed an ImJoy plugin for interactive training and an annotation tool for image segmentation. With a small example dataset obtained from the Human Protein Atlas, we demonstrate that CellPose-based segmentation models can be trained interactively from scratch within 10-40 minutes, which is at least 6x faster than the conventional annotation workflow and less labor intensive. We envision that the developed tool can make deep learning segmentation methods incrementally adoptable for new users and be used in a wide range of applications for biomedical image segmentation.
periodicDNA: an R/Bioconductor package to investigate k-mer periodicity in DNA
Authors: Serizay Jacques , Ahringer Julie
Published: February 2021

Periodic occurrences of oligonucleotide sequences can impact the physical properties of DNA. For example, DNA bendability is modulated by 10-bp periodic occurrences of WW (W = A/T) dinucleotides. We present periodicDNA, an R package to identify k-mer periodicity and generate continuous tracks of k-mer periodicity over genomic loci of interest, such as regulatory elements. periodicDNA will facilitate investigation and improve understanding of how periodic DNA sequence features impact function.
When ultrasonography reveals a fetal abdominal wall defect
Authors: Juusela Alexander L , Gimovsky Martin
Published: February 2021

Although these fetal defects are rare, be alert to their potential presence when early ultrasonography indicates structural abnormalities. Here, surveillance, planning, and appropriate patient counseling are reviewed.
Optimizing the use of oxytocin on labor and delivery
Authors: Barbieri Robert L
Published: February 2021

Oxytocin is the most common hormone administered in obstetrics. Reducing variation in the use of this agent will improve patient safety.
Wide-Awake Hand surgery
Authors: Kim Young Woo
Published: February 2021

Wide-awake surgery is a surgical procedure which is not used a tourniquet and any sedation by using the function of lidocaine and epinephrine through the tumescent injection technique. The biggest advantages of wide-awake surgery are the prevention of the systemic risk of general anesthesia and the surgeon can confirm the result of surgery by moving the patient’s joint and tendon during the operation. But some modification of wide-awake surgery may be beneficial for the surgeon and patient. For decreasing the patient anxiety, low-grade sedative can be used and short-time use of tourniquet during initial dissection of the operating site can prevent the unexpected complication.
Terminal Ranking Games
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Zhang Yuchong
Published: February 2021

We analyze a mean field tournament: a mean field game in which the agents receive rewards according to the ranking of the terminal value of their projects and are subject to cost of effort. Using Schrödinger bridges we are able to explicitly calculate the equilibrium. This allows us to identify the reward functions which would yield a desired equilibrium and solve several related mechanism design problems. We are also able to identify the effect of reward inequality on the players’ welfare as well as calculate the price of anarchy.
O sentimento do estrangeiro na esfera intelectiva e afetiva
Authors: Barcelos Robson Da Rosa
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo versa sobre o sentimento de estraneidade no ser humano. Em se tratando de ser humano, tradiconalmente se compreende enquanto seres contendo razões e emoções. Dessa forma, para melhor compreesnão do sentimento do estrangeiro se analisa seu contexto sobre a ótica do sentimentalismo moral humeano Hume (2004), e sobre o entrelaçamento, proposto por Husserl (2009b), entre as esferas intelectivas e afetivas. A partir desses filósofos percebe-se a convergência entre as esferas intelectiva e afetiva, assim como entre a razão e emoção. Por conseguinte, teorias emocionais contemporâneas trazem um ganho explicativo para a compreensão do sentimento do estrangeiro diante de novos ambientes e culturas, na medida em que se percebe que tanto elementos cognitivos quanto não-cognitivos. Portanto, Goldie (2000) e Hurssel (2009b) contribuem para analise do sentimento de estraneidade do estrangeiro em suas diversas peculiaridades.
O pensar de Heidegger: notas sobre a história da recepção da filosofia
Authors: Trawny Peter
Published: February 2021

Tradução de Felipe Maia da Silva e Deborah Moreira GuimarãesEste artigo explicita a problematização da recepção do pensamento de Heidegger e o modo pelo qual a prática filosófica tem sido realizada no ambiente universitário. Trata-se de sustentar a tese de que a grande relevância do pensamento heideggeriano consiste em defender a autonomia do pensar em relação às demais formas de manifestação da existência. Nesse sentido, a História da Filosofia foi consolidada, apesar do que buscamos defender aqui, como uma história de recepções, fortemente determinada pela objetificação do pensar e pela manutenção de estruturas fixas de atuação. Portanto, nosso objetivo é mostrar que a filosofia de Heidegger preserva um importante instrumento de combate à sedimentação do pensamento em obras e à estagnação da atividade filosófica em si mesma.Palavras-chave: Heidegger. História da Filosofia. Recepção filosófica.
Exploring anticancer activity of wild and polyploid mutant of Artemisia cina
Authors: Kasmiyati Sri , Kristiani Elizabeth Betty Elok , Herawati Maria Marina , Rondonuwu Ferdy S
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Kasmiyati S, Kristiani EBE, Herawati MM, Rondonuwu FS. 2021. Exploring anticancer activity of wild and polyploid mutant of Artemisia cina.  Biodiversitas 22: 1227-1234. The research aims were to explore the anticancer compounds in wild type (W) and polyploid mutant (P) of Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov using NIR and compare their cytotoxicity and selectivity on WiDR colon cancer and HTB183 lung cancer cell lines and Vero normal cell line. The W was obtained from B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu, Indonesia while P was by inducing A. cina shoot culture with 100 mg/l colchicine for 48 hours. They were extracted with hexane using the soxhletation method for 6 hours. The anticancer compounds were detected using NIR. The cytotoxic activity was determined using MTT assay, with Doxorubicin (D) as a control. The calculation of IC50 value used SPSS16 with a Probit analysis. The P contained the determined four compounds while the W contained no rutin. The IC50 values of W, P, and D were 295.5, 84.1, and 0.5 µg/mL on WiDr, 322.4, 128.6, and 39.9 µg/mL on HTB 183, whereas on Vero were 104, 315.6, and 295.5 µg/mL respectively. The selectivity indexes of W, P, and D were 34, 4, and 91 on WiDr, while HTB 183 was 31, 3, and 7, respectively. The P contained artemisinin, quercetin, kaemferol, and rutin, while the W contained no rutin. The cytotoxicity of both plants was less than doxorubicin. Both plants were selective on WiDR and HTB 183.