bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaches to the financial evaluation of the “El Ahogado” wastewater treatment plant in Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: MORENO-ORTIZ Alba Lucia , VÁZQUEZ-ELORZA Ariel
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To generate financial feasibility indicators for the "El Ahogado" wastewater treatment plant project in Jalisco, Mexico, as an integral part of the water sanitation system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (AMG). Metodology: Model of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the development of social infrastructure works. A research object is adapted to a retrospective case study for its current application in Mexico. The financial feasibility analysis includes an evaluation of the financial costs regarding the revenues and subsidies delivered to the developer periodically and those received for water recovery per month. Contribution: This study allows us to conclude that for the financial conditions for the development or private capital in the “El Ahogado” treatment plant project, it was not financially viable given the maintenance and operation costs required in this infrastructure.
Oppression Toward The Marginal Society In Patricia Mccormickâ€™s Novel â€œSoldâ€
Authors: Neisya  , Julia Pardede Merry
Published: March 2024

The major intention of this research is to analyze the causes of oppression toward the marginal society and the main characterâ€™s resistance to the oppression in Patricia McCormickâ€™s novel Sold. The data was analyzed by using Spivakâ€™s subaltern theory. The objectives of the research were to find out the causes of oppression and the main characterâ€™s resistance toward it. The study designed is a descriptive qualitative method. The study results showed that the oppression was caused by four factors: (1) patriarchy (2) rural poverty (3) capitalism (4) age. Meanwhile, the main characterâ€™s resistance toward the oppression was (1) an act of obedience (2) enduring the suffering of fear (3) feeling dying, worthless, disgusted with herself (4) expecting freedom (5) seeking comfort by pretending (6) expecting the law of stopping the human trafficking (7) learning English and Hindi language secretly (8) longing for affection.
Evaluation des Pilotprojekts STEPS der isa – Fachstelle Migration
Authors: Stalder Lisa , Efionayi-Mäder Denise , Ruedin Didier
Published: March 2024

Das Pilotprojekt STEPS – Schritte zum Berufsziel der isa – Fachstelle Migration im Kanton Bern beriet zwischen 2020 und 2023 insgesamt 170 erwachsene Personen mit Migrationserfahrung beim Berufseinstieg oder -wechsel. Das Schweizerische Forum für Migrations- und Bevölkerungsstudien (SFM) der Universität Neuchâtel wurde beauftragt, eine Evaluation von STEPS durchzuführen. Diese Evaluation hat aufgezeigt, dass für ein solches Pilotprojekt eine Nachfrage vorhanden ist und dass die Beratungen durch die befragten Klient·inn·en überwiegend positiv beurteilt werden. Der auf individuelle Bedürfnisse abgestimmte Ansatz von STEPS konnte Migrant·inn·en konkret und mit vielfältigen Methoden auf dem Weg zur Anerkennung von ausländischen Diplomen oder zu einem Schweizer Berufsabschluss unterstützen und durch seine Ressourcen- und Chancenorientierung auch zur sozialen Anerkennung beitragen. Allerdings erwies sich die Zusammenarbeit zwischen STEPS und weiteren Angeboten in der Anerkennungs-, Bildungs- und Berufsberatung im Kanton Bern auch im Kontext der Covid-19 Pandemie und aufgrund unterschiedlicher institutioneller Logiken als Herausforderung. Die Erfahrungen aus dem Pilotprojekt zeigen aber wichtige Lücken und Handlungsmöglichkeiten auf, welche nicht nur in Bezug auf ein migrantisches Zielpublikum sondern auch allgemein für die Beratungstätigkeit in den Bereichen Bildung und Beruf von Bedeutung sein können.
Bibliometric Analysis for Entrepreneurship skill Improvement in SMEs Pakistan Sector
Authors: Fareed Abid , Fatimah Nuzulul , Zargar Nasir Ahmad , Ali Umar
Published: March 2024

Pakistan has a big potential of development by boosting up the SMEs. The SMEs seem neglected by their history in Pakistan as the main focus remained on the public sector. The SMEs particularly in large-scale manufacturing units beyond the government, bank, and liberalization. As the SMEs sector periodically withdraws their development because of a lack of skill and function. In this research, the SMEs sector in Pakistan is an object using the bibliography methodological to analyze the improvement of entrepreneurship skill by internal factors TVEs, and external factors in the Entrepreneurial Environment
Investigating the Practice of Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (Msmes): Evidence from Central Kalimantan
Authors: Hafizi Muhammad Riza , Akbar Wahyu , Hakim Sofyan , Misnaningsih Lusy Nur
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate the application of micro and small business financial reports. The approach taken in this research uses using descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative data through semi-structured interviews were collected from 27 main subjects, namely micro and small businesses. The interview lasted between 45 and 60 minutes, in addition to using observation and documentation techniques to investigate further the role of micro and small business reports as corroborating other forms of evidence. At the same time, the data validation technique uses source triangulation techniques for analysis of data collection, reduction, display and verification. The findings of the results of the investigation of the micro and small business financial reports show that micro and small businesses still need to be more optimal in implementing financial reports following the procedures for Micro, Small and Medium Entity Financial Accounting Standards (SAK EMKM). This is evidenced by 27 micro and small business subjects. Only two small business people were interviewed intensively and implemented the management of recording initial financial reporting activities, namely collecting transaction evidence; 25 other micro and small businesses did not record financial reports. This study contributes to the investigation of the application of micro and small business financial reports in the field by exploring the factors that cause the non-application of financial reports according to the Micro, Small and Medium Entity Financial Accounting Standards (SAK EMKM).
How to Reduce Moral Hazard Crisis in Business: Study from Indonesian's Pesantren
Authors: Rifai Khamdan
Published: March 2024

This empirical study report on Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) aimed to explore how to manage the pesantren enterprise. It deals with the pesantren phenomenon but from a different angle. A philosophical stream of Al Hikam taught Kasab (human must fill their needs earnestly)  and Tajrid (life attitude doesn't make bustle about solely worldly pursuit). Those tasawuf concepts are reflected in pesantren's economic behaviour, which is believed to counter a business ethic crisis that began being popularized in the late 90s about the spiritual organization.
Siyasah Al-Ighraq: A Case Study on Convection Market, Aur Kuning Bukittinggi
Authors: Rika Widianita  , Andis Febrian  , Syaiful Rahman
Published: March 2024

This research is motivated by the widespreed practice of siyasah al-ighraq (dumping) by traders in the Aur Kuning convection market in Bukittinggi in West Sumatera Provinve. Meanwile, siyasah al-ighraq(dumping) is haram in Islam. Therefore the author wants to examine how the siyasah al-ighraq (dumping) is carried out by traders in the Aur Kuning convection market in Bukittinggi, and how it impacts to market prices balance from an Islamic perspective. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques by conducting interviews with traders in the Aur Kuning convection market, Bukittinggi. The result showed that siyasah al-ighraq (dumping) practice by traders at the Aur Kuning convection market was only at certain times, such as during the month of ramadhan, after Eid al-fitr and the celebration of independence day. Siyasah al-ighraq are done just to use up old stocks that piled up. Then also dumping are carried out for new store promotion and as a marketing strategy. It dumping is called sporadic dumping, it is fine in Islam, because it doesn’t damage market price balance and doesn’t harm other traders. Dumping practice that haram in Islam are dumping that kill other people’s businesses and damage market price balance.
Preparing Foundation Financial Statements Based on ISAK 35 Based on Microsoft Access at Madani Sinergi Foundation, Sidoarjo
Authors: M. Khoirul Hasbi Asiddiqi  , Shulthoni Moch , Roziq Ahmad
Published: March 2024

A non-profit organization is an organization that operates without the aim of making a profit. Non-profit organizations are growing very rapidly, one of which is a foundation. Foundations are institutions that receive finance from resource providers who do not expect rewards and other economic benefits. Therefore, there is a need for transparency of funds to convince funders and all parties in terms of the use of these funds. Currently, ISAK 35 is a guideline for the process of preparing non-profit oriented financial statements. This study aims to compile financial statements of foundations that are guided by ISAK 35 and based on Microsoft Access. The data obtained by researchers based on the results of interviews, observations, and documentation. Preparation of financial reports using Microsoft Access starts from making tables, relations between tables, queries, forms, and reports. The results of this study are expected to make it easier for non-profit organizations to prepare financial statements based on ISAK 35 based on Microsoft Access.
The Impact of Enforcement Baznas Toward Funds Collection Before and During Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Abdul Jalil  , Mochammad Syahfril Moharom  , Ermawati  , Irham Pakkawaru  , Ma’rifah Nurmala
Published: March 2024

Indonesia is the largest Muslim-majority population in the world, makes this country has enermous potential toward zakat funds. Palu city has a large zakat potential in fact, the zakat funds collected succeeding to be expected. Moreover, Indonesia and other countries are experiencing a fairly dangerous Covid-19 outbreak. However, when the world economy deteriorated due to the pandemic, a funds at Palu showed high increasing before Pandemic. The common problem is whether is there a difference between the enforcement of BAZNAS in collecting zakat funds before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The method was a quantitative of comparative analysis. The sample used a probability sampling technique and obtained 32 respondents and questionnaires distribution. This study used the analysis method of Paired Sample T Test Differences by fulfilling Classical Assumption. Based on the results of  Paired Sample T Test, there is no difference between the enforcement of the Palu City BAZNAS before and during the Pandemic. The collection of zakat funds cannot be separated from the role of the National Amil Zakat Agency itself so socialization and approaches must be maximized build cooperation with agencies in order  the collection of zakat funds in the city  would run as expected.
RULES AND REGULATIONS OF SHARIAH REPURCHASE AGREEMENT INVESTMENT IN SHARIAH CAPITAL MARKET OF INDONESIA
Authors: Ahmad Saparwadi
Published: March 2024

The study tries to find out basic principle of regulations related to shariah repurchase agreement investment that can provide legal certainty to the parties and the mechanism of Shariah repurchase agreement transactions. In answering the problems, the research method used is to analyze the positive laws (ius constitum) which are supported by literature studies as a reinforcement of existing regulations. The results of this study are that the legal certainty of Shariah repurchase agreement investment in the capital market can be achieved through the legal substance that has been ratified through regulations, executive, and supervisory in Shariah repurchase agreement activities in the capital market. This investment activity gets legality based on the fatwa of the National Sharia Board-Indonesia Council of Ulama. while the mechanism of Shariah repurchase agreement transactions in the capital market is the same as the transaction of repurchase agreements in general, it's just that what distinguishes it is in terms of actors who must run their companies based on Sharia Principle or has Sharia units, the securities invested based on the sharia principle and the contract used is al-bai' ma'a al-wa'd bi al-syira'. Then there is an Shariah Capital Market Expert as a party or institution that provides an assessment related to the application of Shariah principles by investors in the Indonesian Capital Market.
Qualitative Content Analysis Related to the Use of Instagram @pertamina as a Communication Technology in Response to Post Fire Crisis Plumpang Depo March 2023
Authors: Cornelius Maria Adeline , Kurniawati Meilinda , Putri Tania Rizqia
Published: March 2024

On March 3, 2023, a fire occurred at the Pertamina Plumpang Depot, Koja, North Jakarta. Transparency and good communication regarding the responsibilities carried out by Pertamina are important steps in maintaining trust and minimizing the negative impact on the company's reputation. Situational Crisis Communication Theory can be applied in managing communication in crisis situations. The @pertamina Instagram account shows empathy and concern in dealing with the crisis caused by this fire. This article aims to analyze the use of Instagram as a crisis response strategy after the Plumpang Depo fire on March 3, 2023, with a focus on content on the @pertamina account. A qualitative content analysis method was used in this study, with the unit of analysis in the form of content on Instagram @pertamina in the post-fire period at the Plumpang Depo, namely between 4 and 8 March 2023. Data collection was carried out through observing content, including uploads, descriptions on images, and information on the post, and there are ten contents examined. In this study, it was found that Pertamina uses a crisis response strategy model in the form ofdeal response strategy in responding to the crisis. The @pertamina Instagram account is used as a communication technology that becomes a bridge to the public in dealing with crises with consistency and in accordance with society's expectations, such as providing compensation, apologizing, and showing regret, without trying to prove the truth or allude that the crisis originates from factors outside the organization's
Analisis Kesadaran Hukum bagi Peserta Didik terhadap Pelanggaran Disiplin di SMA Negeri 1 Bilah Hulu
Authors: Pardosi Yosefina Mariama , Toni Toni , Rohana Rohana
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesadaran hukum bagi peserta didik terhadap pelanggaran disiplin di SMA Negeri 1 Bilah Hulu. Jenis Penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan metode Deskriftif Kualitaif. Subjek peneliti terdiri dari siswa kelas XI1, Kelas XI2 berjumlah 76 siswa, wali kelas dan guru BK. Hasil penelitian 1). Faktor penyebab peserta didik melakukan pelanggaan disiplin dikarenakan faktor keluarga yang kurang menerapkan disiplin terhadap anak, faktor sekolah yang kurang kondusif dalam pengajaran, dan faktor dari pergaulan interaksi sosial teman yang kurang kondusif sehingga berdampak negatif bagi siswa. 2). Upaya kesadaran hukum terhadap pelanggaran disiplin bagi peserta didik masih ditemukan adanya siswa yang belum sadar dan masih adanya pengulangan pelanggaran disiplin sekolah. Sesuai dengan dugaan kasus yang telah terjadi di sekolah dalam penerapanya, pihak satuan pendidik dengan guru BK berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk meningkatkan kesadaran hukum disiplin terhadap siswa. Dengan upaya memberikan nasehat, sosialisasi dan penerapan peraturan sekolah  secara tegas dan konsisten. Kerja sama antara orang tua dan pihak satuan pendidikan harus tetap terjaga dalam mendidik siswa baik lingkungan keluarga maupun lingkungan pendidikan di sekolah.
Performance Evaluation of Coffee Coffea canephora (syn. Coffea robusta) Germplasm in the Hilly Region
Authors: Rahman M. G. , Malek M. A. A. , Hossain M. A. , Islam M.
Published: March 2024

The study was conducted at the Hill Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Khagrachari during the year 2017 to 2019. Thirty (30) genotype of Coffea canephora (syn. Coffea robusta) commonly known as robusta coffee from the existing coffee orchard of HARS, Khagrachari was selected for the study. The average height of evaluated line (CC Kha 001) was medium (4.31 m) and regular bearing shrub of small tree. The average width and length of leaf was 9.2 cm & 20.86 cm respectively with 1.6 cm of leaf petiole length. The average width and length of individual fruit was 1.28 cm & 1.16 cm respectively with 1.06 cm of thickness. Harvesting duration of fruit berry was mid-January to mid-February. The seed colour of evaluated coffee plant (CC Kha 001) was greenish brown with roundish shape. The average length and width of individual seed was 1.09 cm & 0.99 cm respectively with 0.75 cm of thickness. Average weight of 100 been was 100.33 gm. Average berry weight (kg) per trunk was 8.08 (kg/tree).
Response of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Deficit Irrigation Levels at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Water Productivity at Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Nurga Yetagesu , Mebrahtu Yemane , Mehari Hagos
Published: March 2024

The most important biotic stress factor impacting tomato crop biophysical, biochemical, physiological, and morphological features is water stress. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water stress at different growth stage on yield and water productivity and to identify the most sensitive growth stage to deficit irrigation. The study was conducted for three non-consecutive years at Mekhoni Agricultural Research Center, Raya valley, Ethiopia. The experimental treatments were four crops growing stages (initial, development, mid and maturation stages) and three deficit irrigation levels (85% ETc, 70 % ETc and 55% ETc levels) and control irrigation of 100% ETc. The design of the experiment was split plot design with three replications.
Intercropping System: Enhancing Productivity and Sustainability in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Cultivation: A Review
Authors: Megersa Habtamu Gudisa , Banjaw Dejene Tadese
Published: March 2024

The practice of intercropping hot peppers and basil has yielded several benefits, as discussed in this article. Intercropping is the cultivation of multiple crop species in the same plot of land for a specific period with the aim of increasing yield by utilizing resources such as solar radiation, water, and mineral nutrients more effectively. Studies have shown that Intercropping systems capture and utilize more water, nitrogen, and light than single-crop systems, leading to improved moisture and nutrient use efficiency. Additionally, the use of intercropping systems has been found to enhance crop diversification, thereby reducing the risk of total crop failure and improving yield stability over seasons. This practice has also been shown to increase gross returns per unit area, leading to increased land productivity and financial benefits. Furthermore, planting basil alongside hot peppers has been documented to enhance the productivity of the main crop, while reducing losses due to pests, diseases, and weeds caused by the presence of phytonutrients. Overall, intercropping has been found to be an important agricultural activity that allows for increased yield gains through efficient utilization of growth resources, making it an ideal option for the sustainable intensification of crop production.
The Factors Influencing Students’ Attitude towards Learning English at University of Transport and Communication Ho Chi Minh City Campus
Authors: Ha Thai Thi Xuan , Bao Nguyen Kim Vu
Published: March 2024

This article explores the relationship between students' confidence in their ability to successfully learn English, the values that English will bring to them, and their impact on two factors: (1) English language learning outcomes and (2) participation in English language courses based on data collected from 603 students at University of Transport and Communication Ho Chi Minh City campus (UTC-HCMC campus). The article analyzes the differences between male and female students in these measurement outcomes. Confidence in the ability to successfully learn English is closely related to English language learning outcomes, while confidence in the usefulness of English is closely related to the decision to participate in English language courses.
A Survey Study on English Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Non-English Major Students at University of Transport and Communication Ho Chi Minh City Campus
Authors: Thanh Ha Thi
Published: March 2024

The research was conducted based on theoretical frameworks, previous research findings, and the English learning situation of non-English major students at University of Transport and Communication Ho Chi Minh City Campus (UTC HCMC). This study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Survey results from over 400 non-majored students at UTC HCM campus from February to May of the year 2023 showed that they are aware of the importance of English communication skills in general and English vocabulary in particular. However, their actual learning practices do not fully reflect this awareness. Furthermore, the experimental study results demonstrated the effectiveness of two proposed methods: (1) vocabulary flashcards and (2) repeated writing of words, both of which are proven to be effective and widely applicable for learners at UTC HCMC.
Blunt Trauma-Induced Diaphragmatic Hernia: Surgical Strategy and Outcomes
Authors: Rathor Jitendra Singh , Bhushan Ankita , Shrivastava Shefali , Patel Sanket
Published: March 2024

Blunt trauma-induced diaphragmatic hernia (DIH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for successful outcomes. We present the case of a 40-year-old male who sustained blunt abdominal and chest trauma resulting in a left DIH with extensive gastrointestinal involvement. The patient underwent emergency laparotomy with primary repair of the diaphragmatic defect and resection of gangrenous stomach and bowel segments. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was discharged on day 14. Diagnosis of DIH relies on high clinical suspicion and radiological imaging, with CT scan being the modality of choice. Management involves surgical repair, either by primary closure or with the use of mesh, depending on the extent of the injury and presence of infection. Mortality rates are high in emergency repairs, especially when associated with bowel necrosis and perforation. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and timely intervention in DIH. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for DIH in patients presenting with a history of trauma and respiratory or abdominal symptoms. Improving awareness and understanding of abdominal injuries in trauma centers can help in early diagnosis and appropriate management, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients with DIH.
The Efficacy of Transverse Abdominal Plane Block with Bupivacaine Combined with Dexamethasone for the Management of Post-Caesarean Pain
Authors: Guibla I. , Traoré S. I. S. , Ki K. B. , Ilboudo S. C. , Bado B. I. , Ouattara C. A. , Komboigo B. E. , Savadogo J. N. , Sawadogo D. A. , Somé D. A. , Méda Z. C. , Traoré I. A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is a commonly performed major surgical procedure that causes significant postoperative pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the transverse abdominal plane block (TAPB) in the management of post-caesarean pain at the Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital (CHUSS) of Bobo Dioulasso. Methodology: This was a single blind randomised clinical trial. One hundred patients admitted for CS under spinal anaesthesia were randomised into two groups using the sealed envelope method. The intrathecal morphine (ITM) group received 100 µg morphine intrathecally at induction and the TAPB group a bilateral TAPB at the end of the caesarean section with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone in the same syringe on each side. The proportion of mild pain, numeric rating scale (NRS) < 3 on mobilisation at 24 hours post-caesarean was the primary outcome. Results: The 2 groups were comparable for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The mean age of the patients was 28.14 ± 6.34 years and 29.08 ± 5.58 years (p=0.43). At rest at 24 hours post-op, the proportion of NRS < 3 was 100% for the TAPB group and 88% for the ITM group (p=0.49). On mobilisation at 24 hours post-op, 96% of patients in the TAPB group and 74% in the ITM group (p=0.002) had a NRS < 3. At rest at 48 hours post-op, it was 100% for the TAPB group and 88% for the ITM group (p=0.027). On mobilisation at 48 hours post-op, it was 94% for the TAPB group and 70% for the ITM group (p=0.002). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were present in 50% of patients in the ITM group and 6% in the TAPB group (p<0.001). Conclusion: TAPB significantly reduced pain scores on mobilisation in the post-caesarean period with a significant reduction in PONV.
Prevalence of Heart Failure Patients Admitted in the Winter and Other Seasons in a Tertiary Care Hospital Bangladesh
Authors: Lita Arifin Islam , Kumar Das Uttam , Wahiduzzaman Miah , Dhar Rajib
Published: March 2024

Background: As a leading global cause of death and disability, heart failure places a significant strain on the healthcare system. It has been observed that in some countries, there is a seasonal increase in the number of people admitted to hospitals with heart failure during winter. However, there is a dearth of population-based statistics for Southeast Asia and Bangladesh. with regards to this subject. Objective: To determine the number of patients with heart failure admitted during the winter and other seasons in Bangladesh's tertiary care hospitals. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, observational design. The study was carried out at the Cardiology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). The research took place over the course of a year, from April 2015 to March 2016. Patients with heart failure who are admitted to the DMCH's Cardiology Department constitute the study population. This study made use of a systematic sampling strategy. All 584 patients who visited the hospital's cardiology department were counted. Patients' demographics, medical histories, symptoms, and test results were recorded on a standard data collection form. The statistical software package SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data (Statistical Package for Social Science). Results: Heart failure patients were most prevalent in the 41 to 60 age group, with 74.3% being men and 25.7% being women. The winter season saw the largest number of patient admissions (n=207, 35.5%). Compared to other seasons, the winter had higher concentrations of all risk variables. It is statistically significant, with the exception of thyroid issues and dyslipidemia (p-values of <0.222, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.006). Conclusion: General practitioners might learn how to handle heart failure patients' responses to the cold and hone their abilities in this area. This research may also be useful for modifying the wintertime accessibility of hospital resources like emergency rooms.
Luxury Fracture of the Sacrum [S1 S2] and [S2 S3]
Authors: Djerbal Amel , Badache Kenza , Tebani Samir , Akloul Yousria , Sadat Souhila , Zeghdoud Dalila , Harrar Reda
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Transverse fractures of the sacrum are rare and constitute less than 1% of all vertebral fractures. While the majority is longitudinal, only 3 to 5% are transverse fractures. Transverse fractures are usually seen following a fall by high-energy trauma, hence the name “Suicidal jumper’s fractures”. Neurological deficits involving the sacral roots are common and have been reported at rates of 96% to 100% in the literature. Material and Methods: We describe two uncommon cases of fracture-dislocation of the sacrum, the first at the S2-S3 level and the second at the S1-S2 level treated by isolated laminectomy without internal fixation with cauda equina syndrome, during the year 2020 in our department, including a review of the literature on the treatment of this type of fracture. Result: Our two patients on neurologically recovered at 7 months post laminectomy. Conclusion: Isolated decompression can be considered for patients who present a stable sacrum with non-displaced fracture or an old fracture that shows fracture healing. Favorable pelvic outcomes and neurological recovery, along with acceptable stability, can be acquired.
Insights into Placental Pathology: Analyzing Patterns and Fetal Outcomes in 205 Livebirths at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Hadali Ndulila , Matovelo Dismas , Kiritta Richard , Ottoman Oscar , Mbulwa Cosmas , Hokororo Adolfine , Ndaboine Edgar
Published: March 2024

Background: The placenta facilitates vital nutrient exchange between fetus and mother, offering insights into fetal and maternal health. Despite its significance, research on placental histopathology in Tanzania is scarce. This study investigates placental features, maternal factors, and their impact on fetal outcomes at Bugando Medical Centre from January to May 2022. Methods: This 5-month cohort study included 205 mothers delivering at BMC. Fetal outcomes were evaluated at birth and after seven days, with maternal characteristics recorded at delivery. Participants were from the twenty-eighth week of gestation, excluding those with intrauterine fetal death or multiple pregnancies. Data on placental histology, maternal factors, and fetal outcomes were collected systematically, while statistical analysis employed STATA version 15, utilizing descriptive statistics. Results: In this study of 205 placentas, participants had a median age of 29 years and a mean gestational age of 38 weeks. Histopathological patterns were present in 61% of placentas, with acute inflammation (22%) and maternal vascular malperfusion (20.8%) being most common. Favorable outcomes were observed in 81% of newborns, while 19% experienced poor outcomes, including 1.9% early neonatal deaths. Most placental lesions were mild (53.6%), with severe pathology in 2.9% of cases. Acute inflammation correlated with various admission reasons, especially neonatal sepsis (60%). Maternal vascular lesions were associated with prematurity (63.6%) and birth asphyxia (40%). Chronic inflammation was more prevalent among low-birth-weight infants (18.8%), while very low birth weight was common in cases of maternal vascular lesions (68.8%). Conclusion: The majority of placentas showed normal or mild pathology, associated with positive fetal outcomes. Further research is needed to understand placental changes and their impact on maternal-fetal health.
Doença Cística das Vias Biliares do tipo IVa: Relato de Caso
Authors: Carraro Caroline , Ortmann Strada Kaylani , Tureta Cagnini Emanuela Fernanda , Da Silva Bucco Júnior Rodinei Luís
Published: March 2024

A doença cística das vias biliares é uma anomalia congênita que pode acometer as vias biliares intra e/ou extra-hepáticas. A tríade clássica se apresenta como dor abdominal, icterícia e massa abdominal. Entretanto, o diagnóstico preciso é dificultado já que essa tríade se apresenta em apenas um terço dos pacientes, e também pelas alterações laboratoriais serem inespecíficas, podendo sugerir inúmeras doenças hepatobiliares. Métodos de imagem como a ultrassonografia (US) e a colangiopancreatografia por ressonância magnética (CPRM) são indicados para o diagnóstico precoce dos cistos para evitar possíveis complicações, além de serem úteis no plano cirúrgico. O relato de caso tem como objetivo a análise detalhada das condutas tomadas a partir do quadro clínico apresentado, através da observação do prontuário e entrevista à paciente. O caso clínico descreve uma paciente adulta do sexo feminino, que se apresentou com dor em hipocôndrio direito, icterícia, náuseas e vômitos. Os exames iniciais revelaram hiperbilirrubinemia, e a abordagem diagnóstica incluiu Tomografia de Abdome, US e Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE), resultando no diagnóstico de colecistite crônica e colelitíase. Após colecistectomia, desenvolveu bilioma infectado, tratado com drenagem percutânea e intervenção cirúrgica. Subsequentemente, apresentou colangite, sendo diagnosticada com doença cística das vias biliares do tipo IVa. Realizou drenagem biliar combinada e recebeu alta com encaminhamento para acompanhamento cirúrgico. Logo, o relato de caso demonstra a complexidade do manejo desta condição e a importância de realizar a investigação minuciosa para alcançar o correto diagnóstico a fim de fornecer o melhor tratamento possível e evitar maiores complicações.
Avaliação da ansiedade do paciente periodontal durante seu tratamento
Authors: Dos Santos Junior Joel , Piardi Rafaela , Galafassi Daniel , Conde Alexandre , Pereira Butze Juliane
Published: March 2024

O tratamento odontológico é frequentemente descrito por muitos pacientes como uma fonte de estresse e ansiedade. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a dor e ansiedade pré-tratamento periodontal em pacientes diagnosticados com periodontite, submetidos ao tratamento não-cirúrgico. Os participantes foram pacientes que buscaram atendimento na Clínica de Triagem do curso de Odontologia do Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha - FSG, durante os meses de agosto a novembro de 2022. Eles foram entrevistados para fornecer informações sobre dados pessoais, idade e nível de escolaridade. Para avaliar a ansiedade odontológica, foi utilizada a escala proposta por Corah. A versão reduzida do IDATE foi empregada para avaliar traços e estados de ansiedade. O nível basal de dor foi registrado através da Escala Visual Analógica, Escala Numérica e Escala Verbal. Os resultados revelaram que 46,5% dos participantes não se importariam em visitar o dentista no dia seguinte à consulta inicial, enquanto 27,2% sentiriam um leve desconforto. Mais da metade (54,6%) dos entrevistados relataram sentir-se relaxados na sala de espera do dentista, enquanto 45,4% se sentiram tensos ou ansiosos a ponto de passar mal. A escala IDATE mostrou que a maioria dos entrevistados se sentia segura, confortável e calma. No entanto, também indicou que alguns se sentiam tensos e perturbados devido a problemas momentâneos. Em relação à dor imediatamente após a raspagem, 46% relataram não sentir dor e 36% sentiram uma dor leve. Após uma semana, 64% não sentiram dor e 36% relataram uma dor leve. Com base na pesquisa, a ansiedade relatada pelos pacientes com periodontite é relativamente baixa, e não parece ter interferido diretamente no tratamento periodontal nem no processo de recuperação da saúde gengival dos pacientes.
ANCIENT LANDMARKS OF DERNA AND ITS REMAINS, “AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY”
Authors: Riyad Zainab Abd El-Twab
Published: March 2024

Derna is a Libyan city, it lies between the Mediterranean Sea in the north, and El Jebel Akhdar hills in the south, its location makes it vulnerable to any natural hazards that may come from its coast or from its mountainous forests, there is no doubt that; the natural hazards are among the most hard disasters that are difficult to intervene in at any time, It comes suddenly, and may cause great disasters in a short time, this is what actually happened on September 10, when a catastrophic storm called Storm Daniel entered eastern Libya, accompanied by large amounts of rain, which led to the filling of the Derna dams, one of which was forty meters high, and they collapsed the next day, the water flowed as a result of the hurricane and the collapsed dams, sweeping away five entire neighbourhoods of the city with it, causing the deaths of thousands, Derna turned into remains and ruins that drew tears of sadness on Libya's face, fear became in the heart of the all Arab world, and everyone began to think about any solutions to this unknown fate that might come as an unwanted visitor, unexpectedly!!
But are there any adjustments that need to be made? Did Derna have the Protection Measures Against Potential Hazards? Is there a possibility of reconstructing the city and its archaeological and historical buildings? Are there any hopes of restoring the history of ancient Derna? and what are the most important historical and archaeological monuments that existed and were removed by this brutal hurricane?
The article tries to shed light on all these questions, to out of with results. Perhaps, if we can apply them, we will regain the old face of Derna in its new era.
Key words: (Derna, hurricane, disaster, monuments, civilization, architecture, Storm Daniel)
Role of customized scan strategies and dwell time on microstructure and properties of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel
Authors: Pathak Puskar , Majkic Goran , Selvamanickam Venkat
Published: March 2024

Direct energy deposition (DED)-based additive manufacturing facilitates fabrication of medium-to-large functional parts. This study assesses the role of varying scan strategies and dwell time between each layer to control the cooling rate of 316L stainless steel produced by the laser-engineered net shaping-DED method. Customized print patterns were designed, keeping other optimized print parameters constant to obtain printed parts with better dimensional tolerance. The parts, which were >99% dense, were fabricated in a controlled argon environment. A heterogeneous microstructure consisting of a cellular columnar and equiaxed substructure was obtained. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of a single-phase γ-austenitic FCC phase. A refined microstructure with less elemental segregation was noticed with an increase in dwell time between the print layers. Internal defect analysis using X-ray micro-computed tomography revealed low lack-of-fusion voids along the build direction without any micro-cracks, which is attributed to higher cooling rates between subsequent print layers. As demonstrated in a mechanical performance evaluation of tensile and micro-hardness properties, better performance can be achieved by controlling the cooling rate and customizing deposition patterns.
The Largest Crossing Number of Tanglegrams
Authors: Czabarka Éva , Liu Junsheng , Székely László
Published: March 2024

A tanglegram $\mathcal{T}$ consists of two rooted binary trees with the same number of leaves, and a perfect matching between the two leaf sets. In a layout, the tanglegrams is drawn with the leaves on two parallel lines, the trees on either side of the strip created by these lines are drawn as plane trees, and the perfect matching is drawn in straight line segments inside the strip. The tanglegram crossing number ${\rm cr}({\mathcal{T}})$ of $\mathcal{T}$ is the smallest number of crossings of pairs of matching edges, over all possible layouts of $\mathcal{T}$. The size of the tanglegram is the number of matching edges, say $n$. An earlier paper showed that the maximum of the tanglegram crossing number of size $n$ tanglegrams is $<\frac{1}{2}\binom{n}{2}$; but is at least $\frac{1}{2}\binom{n}{2}-\frac{n^{3/2}-n}{2}$ for infinitely many $n$. Now we make better bounds: the maximum crossing number of a size $n$ tanglegram is at most $\frac{1}{2}\binom{n}{2}-\frac{n}{4}$, but for infinitely many $n$, at least $\frac{1}{2}\binom{n}{2}-\frac{n\log_2 n}{4}$. The problem shows analogy with the Unbalancing Lights Problem of Gale and Berlekamp.
Poset Structure Concerning Cylindric Diagrams
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Nakada Kento , Toyosawa Yoshitaka
Published: March 2024

Cylindric diagrams admit the structure of infinite $d$-complete posets with natural ordering. The purpose of this paper is to provide a realization of a cylindric diagram as a subset of an affine root system of type A via colored hook lengths and to present several characterizations of its poset structure. Furthermore, the set of order ideals of a cylindric diagram is described as a weak Bruhat interval of the affine Weyl group.
Enumeration of Sets of Mutually Orthogonal Latin Rectangles
Authors: Jäger Gerold , Markström Klas , Öhman Lars-Daniel , Shcherbak Denys
Published: March 2024

We study sets of mutually orthogonal Latin rectangles (MOLR), and a natural variation of the concept of self-orthogonal Latin squares which is applicable on larger sets of mutually orthogonal Latin squares and MOLR, namely that each Latin rectangle in a set of MOLR is isotopic to each other rectangle in the set. We call such a set of MOLR homogeneous.In the course of doing this, we perform a complete enumeration of non-isotopic sets of $t$ mutually orthogonal $k\times n$ Latin rectangles for $k\leq n \leq 7$, for all $t < n$. Specifically, we keep track of homogeneous sets of MOLR, as well as sets of MOLR where the autotopism group acts transitively on the rectangles, and we call such sets of MOLR transitive.We build the sets of MOLR row by row, and in this process we also keep track of which of the MOLR are homogeneous and/or transitive in each step of the construction process. We use the prefix stepwise to refer to sets of MOLR with this property.Sets of MOLR are connected to other discrete objects, notably finite geometries and certain regular graphs. Here we observe that all projective planes of order at most 9 except the Hughes plane can be constructed from a stepwise transitive MOLR.
3. Charting a Course for Academic Freedom in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Situated Epistemology, Codification, Practice
Authors: Matei Liviu
Published: March 2024

Abstract The article posits that the predicaments of academic freedom in Europe in the first two decades of the 21st century amount to a crisis with distinctive regional characteristics rather than national or global. The article discusses the nature and origin of the crisis
and why Europe (the European Higher Education Area) is a relevant unit of analysis in this regard, before examining how situated-epistemology underpinnings impact standing tendencies regarding the conceptualization and codification of academic freedom as well as incipient new efforts to reimagine
it. The latter appear to be fueled by a belief most often not explicitly articulated and shared by a small number of non-university policy entrepreneurs rather than leaders from within the academe or theoreticians of academic freedom in what could be called the need to chart a new course for
academic freedom through its reconceptualization and the adoption of new codifications and practices for it.
2. Graduate Income Inequalities: A Qualified Desert Responsibility Analysis
Authors: Morrison Andrew
Published: March 2024

Abstract This article proposes a ‘qualified desert responsibility’ framework to analyse social class-based differentials in graduate incomes in the UK. I posit that unequal outcomes can only be justified on desert grounds by virtue of actions or qualities for
which individuals may reasonably be held responsible. I then review a range of sociological studies of graduate employment from which I conclude that disparities between middle-class and working-class graduates cannot be justified by reference to a desert principle because they are the product
of an unequally structured labour market for which individuals cannot reasonably be held responsible. In the discussion, I develop this argument by drawing upon Fishkin’s theory of ‘opportunity pluralism’. I conclude with a brief account of sociological investigations of
intra-class graduate employment experiences. Here, I suggest that unequal outcomes can be justified by reference to the desert principle where there is evidence that the responsibility condition has been met.
Correlation Between APGAR Scores and the Incidence of Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates at Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Denpasar
Authors: Putri Widyastiti Ni Nyoman , I Wayan Bikin Suryawan  , Anak Agung Made Sucipta
Published: March 2024

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is defined as total serum bilirubin level at ≥ 5 mg/dl. In Indonesia, the prevalence of jaundice is 13,7-85%. One of the risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates is babies born with a history of asphyxia. The diagnosis of asphyxia can be enforced by the APGAR scoring system. This study aims to determine the relationship between APGAR values and the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates treated at Wangaya Regional General Hospital.

Methods: This research is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional approach, which was carried out in April-May 2022. The sample was taken by consecutive sampling. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Confounding variables will be controlled by design and by analysis. Influential risk factors were analyzed multivariate with logistic regression. Data were analyzed with SPSS software.

Results: From 84 samples, 67, 9% had hyperbilirubinemia. The 1-minute APGAR score (P = 0,017, OR = 8,373, 95% CI; 1,468 – 47,738) and the 5-minute APGAR score (P = 0,034, OR =8,680, 95% CI; 1,172 – 64, 293) had significant correlation with the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates treated at Wangaya Regional General Hospital.

Conclusion: Low APGAR scores have a significant correlation with the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates treated at Wangaya Regional General Hospital. The factor that most influences the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia is the 1-minute APGAR score. Neonates born with a low 1-minute APGAR score are 8,3 times at risk of experiencing hyperbilirubinemia.
Beyond Panacea: Deconstructing the Multifaceted Relationship between Procurement Accountability and Quality in the County Government of Kitui, Kenya
Authors: J.N Justice Mutua , Korir Cynthia
Published: March 2024

Procurement and supply chain processes in public administration are often scrutinized for their susceptibility to inefficiency and corruption. This research investigated the influence of different accountability mechanisms on the quality of procurement and supply chain management within the Kitui County government in Kenya. Moving beyond a simplistic notion of accountability as mere responsibility, the study adopted a nuanced approach, drawing upon agency theory and institutional theory to analyse the interplay between formal rules, oversight bodies, and stakeholder engagement in shaping procurement outcomes. It examined how these mechanisms influence key quality dimensions like cost-effectiveness, transparency, and value for money. A mixed-method was employed, utilizing both quantitative surveys within the Kitui County procurement department and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. The coefficients of correlation and the P-values were as follows: Accountability (Beta= 0.774, P-value= 0.000<0.05) thus indicating a statistical significance, 1 point increase in accountability increases quality of procurement by 0.774 hence indicating a very strong positive influence. This research serves as a springboard for further investigation into the nuanced dynamics of accountability within public procurement and supply chain management, ultimately aiming to improve quality and deliver greater value for public institutions and their stakeholders