bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endophytic fungi associated with endogenous Boswellia sacra
Authors: EL-NAGERABI SAIFELDIN A.F. , ELSHAFIE ABDULKADIR E. , ALKHANJARI SOLEIMAN S.
Published: July 2014

El-Nagerabi SAF, Elshafie AE, AlKhanjari SS. 2014. Endophytic fungi associated with endogenous Boswellia sacra. Biodiversitas 15: 24-30. Endophytic fungi associated with leaves and stem tissues of Boswellia sacra growing in Dhofar Mountains of Oman were investigated from May 2008 through October 2011. The biological diversity, tissue-preference and seasonal variations of fungi were evaluated. Forty-three species and 3 varieties of fungi were recovered as new records from this plant. Of these isolates, 35 species are new reports to the mycoflora of Oman, whereas 12 species were added to the list of fungal flora of the Arabian Peninsula. The genus Alternaria (12 species) is the most prevalent genus recovered from 12.5-83.3% of the screened leaves and stem samples, followed by Aspergillus (5 species, 3 varieties, 6.9-86.1%), Mycelia sterilia (76.4%), Rhizopus stolonifer (62.5%), Drechslera (3 species, 40.3- 54.2%), Cladosporium (3 species, 20.8-52.8%), Curvularia lunata (38.8%), Chaetomium (2 species, 15.3-26.3%), Penicillium spp. (9.8- 27.8%), Fusarium (9 species, 6.9-27.8%), Ulocladium consortiale (27.8%), Mucor hiemalis (19.5%), and the remaining species (Scytalidium thermophilum, Phoma solani, Taeniolella exilis, and Botryodiplodia theobromae) exhibited very low levels of incidence (4.2-11.1%). Endophytic colonization of the leaf tissues was greater (43 species, 3 varieties) comparable to stem tissues (25 species).This indicates heterogeneity and tissue-preference, with no evidence of seasonal variation. Therefore, the isolation of many fungal species and sterile mycelia supports the biodiversity of the endophytic fungi invading B. sacra and the high possibility of isolating more fungal species using advanced molecular techniques
A comparative study on plant diversity in alder (Alnus subcordata) stands of natural and plantation areas
Authors: TALESHI SEYED ALIAKBAR REZAEI
Published: July 2014

ezaei-Taleshi SA. 2014. A comparative study on plant diversity in alderÂ (Alnus subcordata) stands of natural and plantation areas. iodiversitas 15: 39-47. Diversity index is the useful criteria for evaluating sustainability of forest ecosystems. Current study carried outÂ in AlderÂ (Alnus subcordata C.A. Meyer) stands that located in north forests of Iran. The aim of the study is express the plant diversityÂ indices and positive role of the trees both natural and plantation forms. Data of Alder trees and associated species were recorded inÂ sample plots which lay down in study area randomly. The abundance, density, percentage of frequency of each species was calculatedÂ by standard methods. The results of analysis revealed that, 47 species (21 trees and shrubs species and 26 herbaceous species) wereÂ abundant in 80 sample plots both in natural and plantations Alder stands. Whilst the results showed that the number of species in naturalÂ area (44 species)Â was more than plantation stands (37 species). Comparison of species distribution in different physiographical situationÂ showed that some species such as Alnus subcordata, Parrotia persica, Rubus hyrcanus and Prunus sp. recorded in spread rang ofÂ physiographic variables as elevation, slopes and aspects. The biodiversity criteria as Shannon Hâ€™ and Simpsons D and 1/D indexesÂ showed that they were more in natural stands than plantation areas.
Zelkova carpinifolia reservoir from Hyrcanian Forests, Northern Iran, a new sacrifice of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
Authors: AHMADI AKRAM , KAVOSI MOHAMMAD REZA , SOLTANLOO HASSAN
Published: July 2014

Ahmadi A, Kavosi MR, Soltanloo H. 2014. Zelkova carpinifolia reservoir from Hyrcanian Forests, Northern Iran, a new sacrifice ofÂ Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Biodiversitas 15: 48-52. Zelkova carpinifolia belongs to the Ulmaceae. It is the only species from ZelkovaÂ genus that has been distributed and is native to Iranian forests. This tree species is one of the valuable species that is comprised ofÂ endangered plants. Nevertheless, the most of reservoirs of this species have been faced to problems that fungal disease is one of theÂ important and lethal disturbance. This study was conducted to identify the main disturbance which has been resulted in Z. carpinifoliaÂ decadence in Daland forest reservoir, North of Iran. The study has ensured that O. novo-ulmi is the fungal pathogen in this forestÂ reservoir. It can be reminded that this pathogen had been previously found in Ulmus genus which has been created devastating event inÂ these noteworthy reservoirs. Some symptoms which were observed in field comprising flagging and wilting of leaves. Bark beetleÂ galleries and occlusion of xylem vessels were the other evidence of fungal disease. In light of laboratory results, the fungi colony wasÂ fluffy, light-colored and fast-growing. The different shapes of fungi growth like white fibrous and flower shape or dark petaloid shapeÂ were observed. Mean colony diameters of O. novo-ulmi were 3.72 Â±0.16 mm/day in the dark at 20 Â°C. Simultaneously, MicroscopicÂ analysis of sexual and asexual systems of O. novo-ulmi using a light microscope, a stereo microscope, and a scanning electronÂ microscope revealed that it had morphological features of sporothix, pesotum, yeast-like and perithecium synanon morphology.
Birds of Lansdowne forest division and adjacent suburban landscapes, Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India: Community structure and seasonal distribution
Authors: KUKRETI MOHAN , BHATT DINESH
Published: July 2014

Kukreti M, Bhatt D. 2014. Birds of Lansdowne forest division and adjacent suburban landscapes, Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand,Â India: Community structure and seasonal distribution. Biodiversitas 15: 80-88. This study of bird species diversity aims atÂ understanding the distribution patterns and structures of avifauna of the two forest ranges and adjoining suburban areas of theÂ Lansdowne forest division, Uttarakhand, India. Data on the abundance and richness were collected by standardized Vernerâ€™s lineÂ transect method for two years (January 2011 to December 2012). A total of 216 species were recorded from the study area. FamilyÂ Muscicapidae with 30 species was found to be dominant in the forest habitats, while family Corvidae with 10 species was found to beÂ dominant in the suburban areas. Results indicate that the forests had more complex bird community structure in terms of higher speciesÂ richness (8.95 vs 8.59),Â higher species diversity (0.085 vs 0.080) and more rare species (74 vs 15)Â as compared to urban habitats. Bird species richness (BSR)Â and bird species diversity (BSD) fluctuated across seasons but notÂ across habitat types. In order to sustain avian diversity, it is recommended that anthropogenic disturbance should be reduced andÂ traditional agroforestry should be developed in the study area.
Plants utilization by the communities of Bharsar and adjoining area of Pauri Garhwal District, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: BISHT ANAND S. , SHARMA K. D
Published: July 2014

Bisht AS, Sharma KD. 2014. Plants utilization by the communities of Bharsar and adjoining area of Pauri Garhwal District,Â Uttarakhand, India. Biodiversitas 15: 94-100. Garhwal Himalaya possesses luxuriant a varied vegetation with in the Himalaya region.Â Almost every plant has economic value in the form of shelter, food, water, medicine, fuel and industrial products and fodder. SurveysÂ were conducted in entire Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India in order to get information on traditional uses of plants byÂ local inhabitants. A total of 138 plants were collected that some species had more than one function of which 39 species of vegetables,Â 28 species of medicinal plants, 19 species of fruits, 18 species of ornamental flowers, 12 species of forest plants, 7 species ofÂ agroforestry and social forestry, 8 species of spices and condiments, 6 species of minor cereal crop plants, 5 species of pulses, and 4Â species of oil seed plants were found economically important as they are used by the people frequently for various purposes.
Short Communication: A new variety of Pholiota microspora (Agaricales) from Nepal
Authors: ADHIKARI MAHESH K. , WATANABE KAZUO , PARAJULI G. P.
Published: July 2014

Adhikari MK, Watanabe K, Parajuli GP. 2014. A new variety of Pholiota microsporaÂ (Agaricales) from Nepal.Â Biodiversitas 15: 101-103. In the fall of late rainy season 2011, a new Pholiota (Fr.)Â P. Kumm. (Agaricales, Strophariaceae) wasÂ collected in the Quercus forest of Phulchowki (Kathmandu valley) along the trial line, on the dead log at an altitude of 2600m. TheÂ specimen gathered was quite small. It was brought to laboratory and cultivated in NARC, Pathology laboratory, Lalitpur, Kathmandu,Â Nepal. The mushroom has been identified as Pholiota microspora (Berk.)Â Sacc. var. himalensis var. nov..
Alterações na qualidade física de um latossolo amarelo sob pastagem
Authors: Torres Lorena Chagas , Barros Katiane Raquel Mendes , Lima Herdjania Veras de
Published: July 2014

Indicadores de qualidade física do solo representam uma importante ferramenta no estudo das alterações que ocorrem no solo em função de ações de uso e manejo. Objetivou-se com este estudo utilizar o intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) e o índice-S (declividade da curva de retenção de água no solo no ponto de inflexão) para quantificar as alterações físicas do solo promovidas pelo sistema de pastagem, tendo como referência um solo sob mata. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Amarelo distroférrico típico sob mata nativa e pastagem, onde foram coletadas amostras deformadas e indeformadas nas profundidades de 0-5 e 25-30 cm, utilizadas para determinação do carbono orgânico do solo e análises físicas. Os valores de índice-S, com exceção do solo sob mata (0-5 cm), estiveram abaixo do limite sugerido para separar solos com boa e pobre qualidade estrutural. O IHO foi fortemente reduzido no solo sob pastagem, chegando a atingir valor zero. O principal fator limitante para a disponibilidade de água foi a resistência à penetração, que exceto em mata (0-5 cm), atuou como limite inferior do IHO em todas as áreas e profundidades avaliadas. Os indicadores de qualidade física do solo, IHO e índice-S, apresentaram conformidade quanto à avaliação da qualidade física dos solos estudados e indicaram as alterações físicas promovidas no solo sob sistema de pastagem.
Enxaqueca e Estresse em Mulheres no Contexto da Atenção Primária
Authors: Correia Luciana Leonetti , Linhares Maria Beatriz Martins
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a associação entre enxaqueca e estresse em mulheres, assim como examinar o melhor modelo de predição da enxaqueca, considerando variáveis pessoais e do contexto ambiental. A enxaqueca foi identificada pelo Teste de Cefaleia em 75 mulheres sem antecedentes psiquiátricos. O estresse foi avaliado por meio do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos. Paralelamente, foram avaliados: eventos vitais, nível socioeconômico e características da amostra. Verificou-se que 55% das mulheres apresentaram enxaqueca e 59% sintomas de estresse. O modelo de predição identificou que o estresse foi o único preditor da enxaqueca em mulheres. Os achados mostram associação entre enxaqueca e estresse, a qual precisa ser levada em conta na assistência à saúde da mulher.
Falsas Memórias e o Paradigma DRM: Uma Abordagem por Meio de Fotos Emocionais Associadas
Authors: Bourscheid Fábio Rodrigo , Pinto Luciano Haussen , Knijnik Luiza Feijó , Stein Lilian Milnitsky
Published: July 2014

O estudo das falsas memórias tem sido beneficiado pelo uso do paradigma DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott), no qual listas de palavras associadas induzem à falsa lembrança de itens não apresentados previamente. Para demonstrar a eficácia de uma categoria alternativa de estímulos, investigou-se a influência da emoção nas falsas memórias por meio de conjuntos de fotografias temática e emocionalmente associadas, extraídas do IAPS (International Affective Picture System). Foram verificados índices de falsas memórias comparáveis àqueles observados em estudos que utilizaram estímulos verbais ou estímulos visuais simples. Conjuntos negativos eliciaram maiores índices de memórias verdadeiras e de falsas memórias do que conjuntos positivos. Sugere-se que resultados tipicamente observados com o DRM podem ser obtidos por meio de conjuntos de fotografias, estímulos mais complexos e ecológicos do que palavras.
Risco e Sinthome: A Psicanálise no Sistema Socioeducativo
Authors: Guerra Andréa Maris Campos , Cunha Cristiane de Freitas , Costa Maria Helena , Silva Thaís Limp
Published: July 2014

Pretendemos discutir a aplicação da teoria psicanalítica às políticas públicas voltadas à socioeducação de adolescentes autores de ato infracional. Partimos de revisão sobre adolescência e clínica psicanalítica, especialmente com adolescentes infratores. Com discussão de caso de uma adolescente em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida, levantamos duas considerações sobre a psicanálise nesse dispositivo: a singularidade do caso face ao universal da regulação jurídica e os limites e as potencialidades do atendimento institucional. Concluímos pela importância da palavra e pelo recolhimento de seu excedente no trabalho subjetivo do adolescente, verificando a necessidade de ações que encaminhem os efeitos das intervenções. Podemos dizer que o efeito político-social esperado pela aplicação de uma medida socioeducativa não caminha sem a consideração do mais singular e íntimo de cada adolescente, do qual sua posição subjetiva faz testemunho, delimitando seu modo de fazer exceção à regra e habitar o mundo.
Escolarização formal e dimensões curriculares para alunos com autismo: o estado da arte da produção acadêmica brasileira
Authors: Neves Anderson Jonas das , Antonelli Carolina de Santi , Silva Mariana Girotto Carvalho da , Capellini Vera Lúcia Messias Fialho
Published: July 2014

A mediação do conhecimento é um dos deveres da educação, independentemente dos atributos físicos e mentais do alunado. Dado que o currículo pode configurar-se como uma barreira pedagógica para a escolarização formal de indivíduos com autismo, este estudo objetivou mapear a produção acadêmica nacional, disponível no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior (BTD-CAPES) sobre o processo de escolarização formal e as dimensões curriculares para alunos com essa característica. Organizou-se um banco de dados com 157 teses e dissertações, as quais foram submetidas à categorização, análise estatística e temática. Os resultados indicam restrita produção acadêmica pelos programas de mestrado e doutorado do país. Conclui-se que há necessidade de pesquisas que amparem e propiciem estratégias pedagógicas para permitir ao aluno com autismo apropriar-se dos conteúdos curriculares da educação formal.
Neoliberalismo na América do Sul: a reinvenção por meio do estado
Authors: Vadell Javier Alberto , Carvalho Pedro Henrique Neves de
Published: July 2014

Neste texto, são discutidas as atuais abordagens acerca dos pressupostos aninhados na perspectiva do novo-desenvolvimentismo, como também expostos os alcances e os limites deste mesmo por meio de uma perspectiva estrutural com intuito de ofertar, dentro dos fenômenos das relações internacionais, algumas variáveis intervenientes que implicam a formação ou atualização da ideia de desenvolvimento em um contexto Sul-Sul. Quanto ao novo-desenvolvimentismo, uma combinação de práticas econômicas por meio da "dirigência" do Estado nacional é destacada no núcleo duro do argumento em um hibridismo analítico, o qual assenta os principais argumentos nas capacidades internas do próprio Estado. Nessa linha, o presente artigo indexa as ações atuais pelo desenvolvimento dentro de uma perspectiva superestrutural, que embolsa, criticamente, uma leitura segura no entorno daquilo que se pensa como desenvolvimento nacional.
A institucionalização de blocos de integração: uma proposta de critérios de medição
Authors: Botelho João Carlos Amoroso
Published: July 2014

O campo de estudos da integração regional evoluiu pouco no que se refere à comparação e à definição de critérios para a avaliação de casos. Um procedimento recorrente é aplicar a outros processos critérios elaborados para o caso europeu. Como o modelo de integração adotado na Europa não se repete em outras partes do mundo, esse procedimento só pode levar às mesmas conclusões: a avaliação de que há problemas nos demais blocos, de que suas perspectivas são ruins e de que, em alguns casos, sequer se caracteriza um processo de integração. Portanto, é necessário estabelecer critérios que possam ser aplicados universalmente e que avaliem os blocos de integração de acordo com seu nível de institucionalização, como já foi proposto e adotado na ciência política para os regimes democráticos e os sistemas partidários. Essa é uma tarefa urgente para a sistematização e a pesquisa comparativa no campo de estudos da integração regional. O trabalho, então, propõe um conjunto de critérios que tem capacidade de medir o nível de institucionalização em diferentes âmbitos da integração e indicadores para cada critério. Além disso, faz uma seleção abrangente das dimensões de análise, para não privilegiar certo âmbito ou modelo de integração. Os critérios são aplicados, então, a CAN, Mercosul, Unasul e UE, considerando o processo europeu como mais um caso, e não como parâmetro para a análise. O resultado observado corrobora essa perspectiva, já que a UE, ao contrário do esperado, não apresenta o nível de institucionalização mais alto em todas as dimensões.
Expectativas prévias ao implante coclear e avaliação pós implante em adolescentes
Authors: Murakami Gisele Aparecida de Oliveira , Neme Carmen Maria Bueno , Yamada Midori Otake , Bevilacqua Maria Cecília
Published: July 2014

O trabalho objetivou verificar tendências de relação entre expectativas prévias (E.P.), ansiedades e temores de pacientes candidatos a Implante Coclear (I.C.) e suas avaliações posteriores quanto a ganhos obtidos com o implante. Os sujeitos foram 6 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, entre 13 a 19 anos de idade com I.C. realizado de 7 a 44 meses. Dados anteriores à cirurgia foram coletados dos prontuários e comparados aos coletados via entrevista semi-estruturada na fase de reabilitação posterior. Resultados indicaram similaridade entre tipos de E.P. e avaliações subseqüentes ao I.C.. O aspecto estético mostrou-se importante fator de preocupação. A orientação pré-cirúrgica facilitou adequação de E.P. e avaliações de ganhos pós implante. Indica-se a necessidade de acompanhamento psicológico pré e pós I.C. para minimizar dificuldades de adaptação relacionadas à auto-imagem de pacientes adolescentes e adequação de expectativas.
A inclusão do brincar na hospitalização infantil
Authors: Soares Maria Rita Zoéga , Zamberlan Maria Aparecida Trevisan
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo pretende discutir a importância da inclusão da atividade lúdica no atendimento à criança hospitalizada, bem como explicitar a utilização de tal recurso pelo psicólogo, equipe hospitalar e família do paciente. Considera-se o brincar uma atividade que pode facilitar o trabalho dos profissionais de saúde, porque propicia melhor adaptação e cooperação do paciente aos procedimentos médicos. Conclui-se que atividades lúdicas devem ser organizadas no hospital, por auxiliarem no desenvolvimento integral da criança, incrementando seu repertório comportamental.
Interação e trabalho docente em aula de alfabetização
Authors: Gomes-Santos Sandoval Nonato , Jordão Heloisa Gonçalves
Published: July 2014

A interação em sala de aula é objeto de investigação em diferentes investimentos de pesquisa no campo dos estudos da linguagem. Para os estudos em Linguística Aplicada, entre os desafios da abordagem do tema encontra-se, conforme percepção de Kleiman (1991), a compreensão das relações entre a interação em sala de aula e problemas relativos ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Com base nessa percepção, este estudo propõe descrever e analisar a interação em uma sala de aula de alfabetização, a fim de investigar a articulação entre sua materialidade discursiva e seu funcionamento didático (GOMES-SANTOS; ALMEIDA, 2009; MATÊNCIO, 2001; ROJO, 2007). Do ponto de vista teórico, esse propósito é delimitado pela contribuição tanto de estudos sobre o problema da interação em sala de aula (MEHAN, 1979), quanto daqueles ocupados, particularmente, com a natureza didática dessa interação e com o lugar do trabalho docente em sua configuração (SCHNEUWLY, 2009). A geração dos dados consistiu de acompanhamento de uma turma de segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública da rede de ensino de Taboão da Serra, município da região metropolitana de São Paulo (SP), cujas aulas foram objeto de registro em áudio e vídeo e em caderno de campo, durante o primeiro semestre escolar de 2011. Neste estudo, é considerada uma amostragem do corpus correspondente a um determinado dia de trabalho da alfabetizadora. A descrição e análise dos dados aponta para a relação de interdependência das atividades escolares propostas, dos objetos de ensino visados e dos instrumentos didáticos utilizados na sala de aula: as formas pelas quais esses elementos são combinados têm efeitos no formato da interação entre professora e alunos e desvelam alguns dos desafios presentes no cotidiano do trabalho de alfabetizar.
Políticas linguísticas em uma escola pública de ensino médio e tecnológico: a oferta de línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Cáceres Glenda Heller
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem a finalidade de compreender a realidade da oferta de línguas estrangeiras em uma escola pública de Ensino Médio e Tecnológico do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo sustenta-se em referenciais teóricos atuais sobre políticas linguísticas, além de calcar-se em conceitos como governamentalidade e ideologia. A geração e análise dos dados se realizaram de acordo com uma perspectiva etnográfica, tomando-se como fonte entrevistas semi-estruturadas, registros visuais e análise documental. Os participantes são membros da instituição (uma ex-coordenadora de ensino e dois alunos) e seus relatos provêm elementos significativos para responder à pergunta de pesquisa, a saber: há indícios de que a visão ideológica dos alunos está em consonância com a política linguística da escola para as línguas estrangeiras no Ensino Médio? A apreciação dos dados permite-nos compreender que, embora pequenas mudanças estejam ocorrendo em termos político-linguísticos, elas não são suficientes para atender às expectativas dos alunos em relação às línguas estrangeiras ofertadas na escola.
Uma compreensão etnometodológica de aprendizagem e proficiência em língua adicional
Authors: Abeledo María de la O López , Fortes Melissa Santos , Garcez Pedro de Moraes , Schlatter Margarete
Published: July 2014

Descrevemos ações que configuram o trabalho de aprender espanhol como língua adicional e o trabalho de ser membro em entrevista de proficiência oral em português como língua adicional em duas sequências de fala-em-interação, segmentadas de dois corpora: 24 horas de gravações audiovisuais de aulas de espanhol como língua adicional em uma escola de línguas no Brasil (ABELEDO, 2008) e 10 horas de gravações em áudio de entrevistas de proficiência oral em português como língua adicional do exame Celpe-Bras (FORTES, 2010). Essas análises, representativas de coleções de ambos os corpora, mostram que os participantes utilizam práticas de descrição e categorização (SACKS, 1992; SCHEGLOFF, 2007a) aceitáveis e compreensíveis para manter a sua intersubjetividade (GARFINKEL, 1967), orientando-se para as práticas de descrição e categorização da língua adicional como sendo não apenas aceitáveis, mas preferíveis. A atribuição e a ratificação de categorias de pertencimento (SACKS, 1992; SCHEGLOFF, 2007a) entre os participantes também são comuns a ambos os corpora: para o trabalho de aprender, os participantes atribuem e ratificam categorias institucionais (SCHEGLOFF, 1992) enquanto demonstram copertencimento na comunidade de práticas linguísticas que eles simultaneamente instauram, reorganizando, portanto, a sua participação (GOODWIN; GOODWIN, 2004); para o trabalho de ser membro competente em entrevistas de teste de proficiência linguística, os participantes conferem uns aos outros categorizações localmente relevantes em torno de [ser daqui] e [ser de lá]. Os resultados da análise nos permitem conceber a aprendizagem de língua adicional como trabalho interacional constante que é inseparável da participação. A análise dos dados de entrevistas de proficiência oral aponta para a necessidade de parâmetros de avaliação de proficiência oral em língua adicional cada vez mais válidos e coerentes com a visão de que o uso da linguagem serve para ação no mundo (CLARK, 1996).
What's in a name? The quest for new metaphors for second language acquisition
Authors: Paiva Vera Lucia Menezes Oliveira e
Published: July 2014

The present article focuses on a series of metaphors found in texts on language and language learning, and discusses the criticisms of the acquisition metaphor and the addition of participation as a new concept to represent language learning. The main theoretical proposals for second language acquisition (SLA) have been selected in order to verify which theories use acquisition and which use participation. While scrutinizing those texts, I found that other metaphors have also been proposed; however, acquisition and participation are still the most prevalent. Participation has been used as a metaphor since Sfard (1998) and has been well accepted in Applied Linguistics. Therefore, I present the cognitive view of metaphor and metonymy and demonstrate that, according to the cognitive studies on metaphor, participation cannot be seen as a metaphor, but rather as a metonym. To prove this, I use the metonymic model proposed by Lakoff (1990) as support. I conclude, agreeing with Ortega (2009) that a metaphorical polyphony can help us understand the complex phenomenon of language and language learning. Nevertheless, metonyms must not be disregarded.
Efecto del feedback correctivo directo y metalingüistico en el proceso de escritura de una L2 en el contexto escolar: estudio piloto
Authors: Durán Jorge Lillo
Published: July 2014

Desde los inicios de la investigación en Adquisición de Segundas Lenguas (ASL), los estudios de Feedback Correctivo Escrito (FCE) buscaron respuesta a diversas preguntas en torno al FC y en especial al escrito: las razones para corregir los errores, cuáles errores corregir, cuándo corregirlos, cómo corregirlos y por quién. Sin embargo, los estudios iniciales no se concentraron en la pregunta que es de vital importancia en esta temática el día de hoy, es decir, si el FC tiene el potencial de contribuir al desarrollo de la lengua meta (BITCHENER & FERRIS, 2012). En este artículo se informa de los resultados de un estudio piloto que aborda la efectividad del FC escrito. Los hallazgos revelan que los grupos experimentales obtuvieron mejores resultados que el grupo control en el postest escrito; sin embargo debido a ciertas limitaciones del estudio piloto, los resultados hay que visualizarlos con cautela.
O (não) funcionamento da reescrita em textos produzidos por licenciandos em letras
Authors: Ferreira Elisa Cristina Amorim , Araújo Denise Lino de
Published: July 2014

Estudos apontam o funcionamento da reescrita como etapa de melhoramento do texto. Todavia, experiências empíricas nos indicaram que nem sempre a reescrita funciona conforme o esperado. A partir dessas observações, realizamos pesquisa sobre atividades de reescrita com professores em formação inicial, entre os quais identificamos sujeitos que, supostamente, deveriam dominar a produção textual, mas que revelaram pouco domínio dessa atividade, necessitando, portanto, da didatização da reescrita. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os fatores que contribuem (ou não) para a reescrita textual no ensino superior. Os fundamentos teóricos recuperam os estudos sobre escrita de Kato (1993), Meurer (1997) e Sautchuk (2003), além de trabalhos sobre a reescrita elaborados por Jesus (1995), Ruiz (2001), Antunes (2003), entre outros. A metodologia, de inspiração interpretativista, segue os procedimentos dos trabalhos documentais e exploratórios. A análise revela a existência de dois fatores complexos e imbricados que contribuem tanto para o funcionamento quanto para o não funcionamento da reescrita textual no ensino superior: a correção do sujeito professor e a experiência com a escrita do sujeito licenciando produtor. Há uma tendência de a correção favorecer a passividade do produtor; concomitantemente, há outra tendência que é a da reversão dessa passividade, mas esta depende do engajamento do produtor na atividade de reescrita. Os dados mostram que essa segunda tendência é menos recorrente.
Biodegradation of Azo Dye Disperse Orange S‐RL by a Newly Isolated Strain Acinetobacter sp. SRL8
Authors: Cai Zhiqiang , Zhang Wenjie , Ma Jiangtao , Cai Jinyan , Li Shanshan , Zhu Xiaolin , Yang Guanghua , Zhao Xiyue
Published: July 2014

The strain SRL8, which could decolorize the azo dye disperse orange S‐RL (S‐RL), was first isolated from sludge and identified as Acinetobacter sp. through physiobiochemical identification and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The effects of temperature, pH, dye concentration, O2, and glucose concentration on S‐RL decolorization by the strain SRL8 were studied. The optimal conditions were 30 °C, pH 7.0, 4g·L−1 of inoculation (wet cells), and microaerophilic incubation. The decolorization percentage for S‐RL by the strain SRL8 could reach 90.2% under optimal conditions. The strain SRL8 was highly tolerant to the azo dye SRL up to 300 mg·L−1 and it had a broad decolorizing spectrum. According to the Monod equation, kinetic parameters of decolorization by SRL8 were calculated. The vmax and Km were 5.57 × 10−3 h−1 and 14.53 mg·L−1, respectively.
Secant tree calculus
Authors: Foata Dominique , Han Guo-Niu
Published: July 2014

A true Tree Calculus is being developed to make a joint study of the two statistics “eoc” (end of minimal chain) and “pom” (parent of maximum leaf) on the set of secant trees. Their joint distribution restricted to the set {eoc-pom ≤ 1} is shown to satisfy two partial difference equation systems, to be symmetric and to be expressed in the form of an explicit three-variable generating function.
Commutativity of set-valued cosine families
Authors: Smajdor Andrzej , Smajdor Wilhelmina
Published: July 2014

Let K be a closed convex cone with nonempty interior in a real Banach space and let cc(K) denote the family of all nonempty convex compact subsets of K. If {F t: t ≥ 0} is a regular cosine family of continuous additive set-valued functions F t: K → cc(K) such that x ∈ F t(x) for t ≥ 0 and x ∈ K, then $F_t \circ F_s (x) = F_s \circ F_t (x)fors,t \geqslant 0andx \in K$.
Hopf hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians with generalized Tanaka-Webster $$\mathfrak{D}^ \bot$$-parallel structure Jacobi operator
Authors: Pak Eunmi , Suh Young
Published: July 2014

Regarding the generalized Tanaka-Webster connection, we considered a new notion of $$\mathfrak{D}^ \bot$$-parallel structure Jacobi operator for a real hypersurface in a complex two-plane Grassmannian G 2(ℂm+2) and proved that a real hypersurface in G 2(ℂm+2) with generalized Tanaka-Webster $$\mathfrak{D}^ \bot$$-parallel structure Jacobi operator is locally congruent to an open part of a tube around a totally geodesic quaternionic projective space ℍP n in G 2(ℂm+2), where m = 2n.
Bianchi type-II universe with linear equation of state
Authors: Adhav Kishor , Pawade Ishwar , Bansod Abhijit
Published: July 2014

We have studied anisotropic and homogeneous Bianchi type-II cosmological model with linear equation of state (EoS) p = αρ−β, where α and β are constants, in General Relativity. In order to obtain the solutions of the field equations we have assumed the geometrical restriction that expansion scalar θ is proportional to shear scalar σ. The geometrical and physical aspects of the model are also studied.
Isoscalar giant monopole resonance for drip-line and super heavy nuclei in the framework of relativistic mean field formalism with scaling calculation
Authors: Biswal Subrata , Patra Suresh
Published: July 2014

We study the isoscalar giant monopole resonance for drip-lines and super heavy nuclei in the framework of relativistic mean field theory with a scaling approach. The well known extended Thomas-Fermi approximation in the nonlinear σ-ω model is used to estimate the giant monopole excitation energy for some selected light spherical nuclei starting from the region of proton to neutron drip-lines. The application is extended to the super heavy region for Z=114 and 120, which are predicted by several models as the next proton magic numbers beyond Z=82. We compared the excitation energy obtained by four successful force parameters NL1, NL3, NL3*, and FSUGold. The monopole energy decreases toward the proton and neutron drip-lines in an isotopic chain for lighter mass nuclei, in contrast to a monotonic decrease for super heavy isotopes. The maximum and minimum monopole excitation energies are obtained for nuclei with minimum and maximum isospin in an isotopic chain, respectively.
Localized mRNA translation and protein association
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir
Published: July 2014

Recent direct observations of localization of mRNAs and proteins both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can be related to slowdown of diffusion of these species due to macromolecular crowding and their ability to aggregate and form immobile or slowly mobile complexes. Here, a generic kinetic model describing both these factors is presented and comprehensively analyzed. Although the model is non-linear, an accurate self-consistent analytical solution of the corresponding reaction-diffusion equation has been constructed, the types of localized protein distributions have been explicitly shown, and the predicted kinetic regimes of gene expression have been classified.
Bilastine as a Potential Treatment in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kowal Krzysztof , DuBuske Lawrence
Published: July 2014

Background

Allergic rhinitis is a very frequent disease. H1 antihistamines have been used for treatment of allergic rhinitis for more than 5 decades. They differ in chemical structure, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects.

Methods

We performed a detailed analysis of all available publications concerning the new H1-antihistamine bilasitine.

Results

Bilastine, a piperidine derivative, is a novel potent H1 antihistamine. It is at least as potent as cetirizine or fexofenadine in in vitro studies. In animal studies it demonstrates dose-dependent antihistaminic and antiallergic effects. In humans its metabolism is not affected by age, gender or renal function but may be affected by coadministration of P glycoprotein inhibitors. Efficacy of bilastine in therapy of allergic rhinitis patients has been documented in several large controlled clinical trials showing bilastine being at least as effective as cetirizine or desloratadine. No significant suppressive effect on central nervous system could be demonstrated when bilastine was used in the recommended doses.

Conclusion

Bilastine is a novel H1 antihistamine with anti-allergic properties which is highly effective in the treatment of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile and is generally well tolerated.
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Affects Sinonasal Microbiota
Authors: Choi Chris H. , Poroyko Valeriy , Watanabe So , Jiang Duo , Lane James , deTineo Marcella , Baroody Fuad M. , Naclerio Robert M. , Pinto Jayant M.
Published: July 2014

Background

Microbes and allergens can stimulate the nasal mucosa, potentially leading to the development of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). This study was designed to determine if allergen exposure alters the sinonasal microbiome.

Methods

We performed a parallel observational study of healthy adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR; grass or tree, n = 20) or nonallergic subjects (n = 19). Microbiota specimens were obtained by endoscopy from the middle meatus and vestibule before and during the relevant season and were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Differences in bacterial microbiota were assessed by standard ecological measures of bacterial diversity. Quality of life and symptom scores were recorded, and nasal lavages for eosinophils were performed.

Results

SAR subjects had increased nasal symptoms in season, impaired disease-specific quality of life, and increased nasal eosinophils, compared with no changes in nonallergic subjects. During the season, SAR subjects had a significantly greater variety of organisms in the middle meatus compared with nonallergic subjects (p < 0.036) and increased bacterial diversity (Shannon index, p < 0.013). We found a significant positive correlation between bacterial diversity in the middle meatus during the season and the nasal lavage eosinophil count of SAR subjects. There were no significant changes in the nasal vestibule (p > 0.05, all comparisons).

Conclusion

The interaction of allergy and microbiota may affect the sinonasal physiology, with broad implications for several airway diseases. Characterization of the specific organisms involved using next-generation sequencing may clarify the relationship between allergic inflammation and ABRS. This finding may help explain why allergic inflammation predisposes to ABRS.
Passive Smoke Exposure in Chronic Rhinosinusitis as Assessed by Hair Nicotine
Authors: Wentzel Jennifer L. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Soler Zachary M. , White David R. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: July 2014

Background

Prevalence of passive smoke exposure is relatively unknown in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous studies have attempted to establish this relationship using subjective, questionnaire-based methodologies to assess smoke exposure, thus introducing the potential for error bias. The purpose of this study was to accurately determine the prevalence of passive smoke exposure in CRS and control patients using hair nicotine levels as a quantitative measure of cigarette smoke exposure.

Methods

Hair samples were obtained at time of surgery from 569 patients: 404 undergoing surgery for CRS and 165 controls undergoing surgery for repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak, removal of pituitary tumors, or adenoidectomy from 2007 to 2013. Patient charts were reviewed for reported smoking status. Hair nicotine was quantified using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Nonsmoking patients were classified as passive smoke exposed or smoke naïve according to the hair nicotine results. Statistical analysis was performed to test for differences in demographic information and smoke exposure prevalence between CRS, CRS subtypes, and controls.

Results

The prevalence of passive smoke exposure in CRS as documented by hair nicotine was lower than previously reported subjective estimates. Passive smoke exposure rates were equivalent between those with CRS versus controls and significantly higher in children. Severity of passive smoke exposure was also equivalent between CRS subsets and controls. Annual passive smoke exposure prevalence did not change over time.

Conclusion

There is no clear evidence of avoidance of passive smoke exposure in the CRS population compared with controls. Passive smoke exposure also remained stable over time despite recent regional implementation of smoking bans. Given the constancy of exposure, it is critical that the impact of passive smoke on CRS exacerbation, outcomes, and pathophysiology be evaluated in large-scale clinical studies.
Allergic Rhinitis is Associated with Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Chung Shiu-Dong , Lin Herng-Ching , Hung Shih-Han
Published: July 2014

Background

Despite many reports linking allergic rhinitis (AR) to problems of the eye, the relationship between AR and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) has not been studied. The purpose of this epidemiology study was to provide an estimation of the association of OAG with AR by using a population-based data set in Taiwan.

Methods

We retrieved our study sample for this case–control study from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. We extracted 7063 subjects with OAG as cases and 21,189 matched controls (three controls per case). We used conditional logistic regression analyses to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) to describe the association between OAG and having previously been diagnosed with AR.

Results

A chi-squared test showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of prior AR between cases and controls (28.8% versus 22.3%; p < 0.001). A conditional logistic regression analysis suggested that the OR of having previously been diagnosed with AR for cases was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.31∼1.48; p < 0.001) compared with controls after adjusting for monthly income, geographic region, urbanization level, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and hypothyroidism. It also revealed that OAG was consistently and significantly associated with prior AR across all age groups. In particular, subjects aged 50∼59 years had the highest OR for prior AR among cases compared with controls (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.53∼2.06; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This outcome research found that there was an association between AR and OAG.
Sinonasal Sarcoidosis: A New System of Classification Acting as a Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Lawson William , Jiang Nancy , Cheng Jeffrey
Published: July 2014

Background

The signs and symptoms of sinonasal sarcoidosis are diverse and nonspecific. It easily mimics more common sinonasal disorders such as allergic rhinitis, bacterial sinusitis, and atrophic rhinitis. The purpose of this study was to develop a classification system of sinonasal sarcoidosis that will help serve as a guide for both diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients diagnosed with sinonasal sarcoidosis from 1974 to 2013. A PubMed literature review of all published case series of sinonasal sarcoidosis was also reviewed.

Results

The charts of 14 patients with biopsy-proven sinonasal sarcoidosis were reviewed. Follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 28 years. Presenting signs included hypertrophic mucosa, nasal polyps, crusting, nasal enlargement, and destructive processes. Eight patients underwent medical management alone and six patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Five of the six patients were successfully treated with surgery. On review of the literature, 256 cases of sinonasal sarcoidosis were found, of which 43 patients underwent surgery. Clinical outcomes of the patients who underwent surgery were not consistently reported.

Conclusion

Based on critical analysis of the clinical presentation of sinonasal sarcoidosis in our case series and on review of the literature, sinonasal sarcoidosis can be classified into four subgroups: atrophic, hypertrophic, destructive, and nasal enlargement. Each subgroup responds differently to treatment and has its own differential diagnosis. Surgery is only indicated for a select group of patients and the vast majority of patients benefit from medical management alone.
The Expression and Significance of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain in the Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Nonallergic Rhinitis
Authors: Meng Cuida , Sha Jichao , Li Lin , An Lifeng , Zhu Xuewei , Meng Xun , Zhu Dongdong , Dong Zhen
Published: July 2014

Background

Inflammation has been shown to be an integral component of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, there is no n worth debate regarding this fact in nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). Some studies have suggested that exclusion of inflammation is indicative of NAR and other studies have indicated that most of the NAR patients have some degree of inflammation. Recently, it has been shown that the level of immunoglobulin free light chains (IgFLCs) in serum is increased in some autoimmune diseases and airway inflammation. This study was designed to show whether IgFLC is associated with non–IgE-mediated rhinitis to reveal the relationship between the expression of IgFLC and activation of mast cells and eosinophils.

Methods

Thirty patients with IgE-mediated AR and 30 patients with NAR and 30 healthy persons as control were involved this study. The total IgE, IgFLC, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and mast cell tryptase (MCT) in serum, and nasal secretions were assayed, respectively. For identifying the expression cells of IgFLC in nasal mucosa, the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for kappa-FLC, gamma-FLC, ECP, and MCT were performed on 30 specimens. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of kappa-FLC, gamma-FLC, and MCT was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

IgFLCs (kappa/lambda) levels in serum and nasal secretion were significantly increased in AR patients and NAR patients. The ECP and MCT levels in serum and nasal secretion were significantly enhanced in AR and NAR patients when compared with healthy control subjects (p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between IgFLC (kappa/lambda) and MCT n nasal secretion of patients with NAR, but only IgFLC (kappa-FLC was associated with MCT in AR. There was no correlation between IgFLC and ECP in nasal secretion. In serum expression level, there was a positive correlation between IgFLC (kappa) and ECP in AR or IgFLCs (lambda) and ECP in NAR. IHC staining showed that FLC+ cells were significantly increased in AR and NAR mucosa, kappa-FLC was mainly expressed in epithelial cells, and lambda-FLC was mainly expressed in subepithelial cells. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of lambda-FLC was mainly localized in mast cells in NAR nasal mucosa (45%).

Conclusion

These findings suggest strongly that IgFLC may play an important role in inducing local nasal mucosa inflammation especially those in AR and NAR.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Risk of Nasopharyngeal Cancer in a Taiwanese Health Study
Authors: Tsou Yung-An , Lin Che-Chen , Tai Chin-Jaan , Tsai Ming-Hsui , Tsai Tung-Chou , Chen Chuan-Mu
Published: July 2014

Background

Although epidemiological and laboratory studies report that chronic inflammatory conditions contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer, it remains controversial whether chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) results in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study was performed from the National Health Insurance (NHI) Taiwan database. This study prospectively examined whether CRS or nasal polyposis is associated with NPC risk in the NHI, a population-based cohort of 231,490 Taiwan Chinese individuals with a mean age of 32 years, recruited between 2000 and 2006. We collected information from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Each subject completed an interview including questions about medical conditions, and the NPC occurrence and survival statuses were determined by linkage to population-based NHI registries in Taiwan. In addition, each NPC and CRS subject had completed an interview on medical condition to confirm their diagnosis.

Results

After adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, allergic rhinitis, otitis media, coronary artery disease, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis, individuals with rhinosinusitis were found to have a 3.55-fold increased risk of developing NPC compared with individuals without rhinosinusitis (hazard ratio = 3.55; 95% CI = 2.22–5.69). The same results were also observed when the study subjects were analyzed without comorbidities.

Conclusion

Adult patients with rhinosinusitis should be followed up with regard to the nasopharynx for at least 3 years, particularly repeat sinusitis patients.