bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Strains From Industrial Dairy Farms of Hamedan, Iran
Authors: Ghavami Qumars , Mahmoodi Pezhman , Bahari Aliasghar
Published: May 2022

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is considered as one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in calves, infecting animals during the first week of age. The secretory diarrhea is attributed to the virulence factors of ETEC strains mainly including heat stable toxin (STa), as well as F5 (K99) and F41 fimbriae. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate ETEC infection in neonatal calves of industrial dairy farms of Hamedan, Iran. Additionally, it was undertaken to investigate the genotypic screening of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from from dairy farms calves of Hamedan county. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 rectal swab samples were collected from healthy and diarrheic calves at one week of age belonging to eight farms. Conventional bacteriological methods, multiplex PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility test of the ETEC isolates were performed. Results: Nine E. coli isolates were found to be ETEC strains, carrying STa enterotoxin along with F5 and/or F41 fimbriae as the indicators of ETEC cells. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility test of the ETEC isolates revealed that all of them were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin, whereas complete resistance was observed against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%) and polymyxin B (100%). The present study, conducted for the first time in Hamedan, indicated a prevalence of 7.5% for Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the examined animals. Conclusion: Regarding economic losses of the infection in claves as well as the zoonotic nature of ETEC cells, it is recommended that measures should be taken, such as immunization of pregnant cows prior to the delivery, feeding of adequate colostrum to newborn calves at the right time, and adherence to hygiene practices on the farms to prevent and/or reduce the incidence of diarrhea cases caused by infection with these bacteria.
The Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Parasites in Drinking Water Resources of Alborz province , the Central Part of Iran in 2018
Authors: Kamrani Farzaneh , Nouri Sepehr Mohammad , Heidari Aliehsan , Dehghanifard Emad , Miahipour Abolfazl , Sezavar Moniereh
Published: May 2022

Background: Giardia and Cryptosporidium are common parasitic protozoa that cause acute intestinal infections in children. These two parasites are mostly found in aquatic environments, including raw water, wastewater, and even treated water. Objective: The present study aimed to examine parasitic contamination of drinking water resources by cysts and the oocyst of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Alborz province, Iran. Materials and Methods: Water samples from three rivers and seven randomly-selected wells of Alborz province were examined using Sheather, formol-ether, and immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA) techniques. The prepared slides were examined with optical and fluorescence microscopes. Results: IFA technique revealed that 28% of the wells were contaminated with both parasites. It was also shown that all rivers’ drainage basins were contaminated with Cryptosporidium parasite, while 66% of rivers’ drainage basins were contaminated with Giardia parasite. Conclusion: The results showed that water resources of Alborz province contained Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts, which required health care officials to pay serious attention to treating drinking water.
Investigation of Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteraemia in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern
Authors: Igunma Jeremiah A , Awopeju Temitayo A O , Olonipile Folusho A , Umasoye Aaron
Published: May 2022

Background: The re-emergence of gram-negative bacilli (GNB) as the predominant cause of bacteraemia remains a major concern, given the increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance among this group of organisms. Prompt and effective empirical antibiotic treatment is vital for preventing adverse outcomes; therefore, a good knowledge of the local bacteria profile is required. Objective: This study was designed to aid the establishment of local antibiogram and empirical treatment for GNB bacteremia in patients referred to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 230 blood samples were obtained from inpatients in different units/departments from December 2017 to November 2018. The blood cultures were processed using BACTEC 9060 automated blood culture system, and the isolates were identified using MICROBACT 12E identification kits (Oxoid, UK) at the microbiology laboratory of UPTH. Susceptibility and resistance tests were done according to CLSI guidelines. Relevant information was obtained from the laboratory request forms and patients’ clinical files. Results: The prevalence of GNB in the study was 28.9% (71/246). The distribution of GNB bacteraemia was as follows: surgical unit (26.8%), special care baby unit (SCBU) (23.9%), intensive care unit (ICU) (21.1%), and paediatric ward (8.5%). The most common source of bacteraemia was pneumonia (35.2%) followed by puerperal sepsis (15.1%) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (15.1%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated gram-negative bacillus (26.6%). The overall resistance rate of extended spectrum lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) producers, carbapenemase producers, and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms was 32.4%, with Acinetobacter baumannii (50%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.3%) exhibiting the highest level of resistance to carbapenems. Conclusion: This study showed a high MDR rate among GNB causing bacteraemia in patients at UPTH. An urgent review of the current antimicrobial prescription policy and infection control measures is recommended.
Detection of Escherichia Albertii in Urinary and Gastrointestinal Infections in Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Foroughi Azadeh , Namdari Afshin , Rahimian-Zarif Bahareh
Published: May 2022

Background: Escherichia albertii has been recently isolated from the feces of people with gastroenteritis as a pathogen that causes diarrhea. Due to insufficient information on the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of E. albertii, it is difficult to distinguish it from other species of the Enterobacteriaceae family and, therefore, it is mistakenly identified as Escherichia coli or even Hafnia alvei. Objective: The present study which was conducted for the first time in Iran aimed to identify E. albertii in samples from individuals afflicted with urinary and gastrointestinal infections by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The required samples were obtained from clinical laboratories in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: Firstly, a total of 60 urinary and 40 fecal samples identified as E. coli in clinical laboratories were re-evaluated in terms of specific phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of E. coli. Then, two lysP and mdh genes were detected for E. albertii, and the uidA gene was found for E. coli by PCR using specific primers pairs. Results: The results from phenotypic and biochemical tests indicated that all samples shared common characteristics with E. coli. However, PCR findings demonstrated that out of 100 samples, 6 samples (6%) contained specific genes of E. coli while 94 remaining samples (94%) showed the uidA gene. Out of the given 6 samples, 5 samples carried urinary tract infections and only one showed gastrointestinal infection. Conclusion: Our study findings revealed that E. albertii could have been considered as one of the causes for urinary and gastrointestinal infections in Iran, and that it was mistakenly identified as E. coli in clinical laboratories.
Business Impact of the Covid 19 Epidemic on Digital Payments
Authors: Nalina K G
Published: May 2022

Today Covid 19 virus made the people to buy essentials and other items via online. People shop their things from their homes due to lock down. They protect themselves by social distancing for safety. Hence, the banks will need to expand access to digital payments in a safe way for 24 hrs x 7 days availability. All business sectors were widely affected and some small sectors were closed due to covid virus. Hence the banks offered fee waiver on select digital payments like IMPS, NEFT, RTGS,cash withdrawals from third-party ATMs, moratorium on loans and credit card dues by RBI etc., for the benefit of the customers during the crisis. This paper deals with the impact of different business sectors during Covid times.
A Study on Impact of E-Commerce on Banking Sector with Reference to HDFC
Authors: Subbulakshmi K
Published: May 2022

Now days, E-Commerce is the major resource with the help of Internet facilities. E-commerce provides the facility to buy and sell the products and services or transfer the funds or the data. These business deals do eitheras Business-to- Business, Business-to- Client, consumer-to-Consumer. HDFC net Banking allows you to perform a wide range of sale from anywhere, any time. With the help of digital banking there is no need to visit the bank for any transactions. E-banking is the operation of E-Commerce used by bank clients for the purpose of Electronic Data Interchange, Fund transfer and E-mail etc. This source is for all retail saving, payment, managed, and Non-Managed individual clients also.
The Serfdom of Women Portrayed by Margaret Atwoodin The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Delicea Jasmine J
Published: May 2022

The aim of this paper The Handmaid’s Tale is to scrutinize issues. As there is plenty of traditional feminist critique of male power structures in Atwood’s works, The Handmaid’s Tale argues the power structure of Gilead also analyses the feminine roles that support and allow the suppression of other women. Placing the novel in the contexts of Atwood’s career, feminism, and dystopian literature, provides a fuller understanding of how the novel functions as an expression of the divergence of women. Margaret Atwood focuses on the problems such as gender equality and the dangers of a hierarchical- structured system for women’s oppression. Her focal point is to mention the subservience of women in a male-dominated society and women’s enslavement in a consumer society in which women’s body is handled as object, an instrument and also as adorable item. Margaret Atwood is one of the foremost vivid writers in current Canadian literature. She has vigorously contributed to Canadian politics and its cause. Her works are mostly associated with social and political issues. She contemplates the relation between men and ladies and human basic rights. the topic of gender is the author’s major concern. She depicts the ladies in her novels that always search for their identity which is lost within the male-controlled societies. Oppression of ladies is another theme for her novels and it may be seen evidently in her writings. She encounters the lower position of girls in society. Atwood’s images of gender, the mistreatment and coercion of ladies, predominantly women’s bodies. She signifies the misery of her female characters limited in their feminine roles in her novels. Moreover, femininity is the main fear for examining The Handmaid’s Tale. In Gilead society, women are depressed about their freedom and ordered to serve the state in numerous ways and functions.
The Plight of Refugees: Journey of Dilemma A Journey Towards Home or a Journey Towards Destiny
Authors: Karan Suriya Varma SPV
Published: May 2022

Refugees are ordinary people who live through extraordinary times in a country where conflict or persecution have put them at risk. They have no other choice but to flee and leave their country to seek safety; this means leaving a lot behind, one of the most complex decisions a person can ever take. So what makes a person a Refugee? From where do they come? Furthermore, where are they going? And how is the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) office helping them? Refugees frequently flee with nothing more than the clothing on their backs, abandoning their daily lives. They may lose their home, savings, jobs, and, more often than not, their families and loved ones. The journey to safety can be long and full of dangers. During the journey, people can get hurt, and unfortunately, many people die; all of this can create serious trauma. In this article, let us look at the journeys people are leaving and which they are arriving in. And what destinies await them.
Exploring the Theme of Human- Animal Kinship in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake
Authors: Usha Bharathi M
Published: May 2022

Oryx and Crake explored the theme of advancement of science and its challenges are distinct between human and animal. Atwood discusses the theme during a special way in her novel ‘Oryx and Crake’ published within the year 2003. It deals with the protagonist Snowman’s hindering mind about his past and annihilating present. The protagonist is revealed through his attitude with creature called ‘Crakers’ and his deportments throughout the novel.The most frightening thing within the novel is that the pigoons that Jimmy’s father helps to make as a genetic engineer at the Organ Inc Farms Compound. The novel is setting by post-apocalyptic and narrates the story of mankind’s demise as results of a worldwide epidemic deliberately caused by the idealistic scientist Crake. This novel highlights how the Crakers, a scientifically created race meant to out pace humanity, take over man’s place.
Peripheral Voices in Easterine Kire’s A Terrible Matriarchy and Bitter Wormwood
Authors: Purkayastha Sharmistha , Shirley Fernando R
Published: May 2022

The Northeast of India has hardly received any attention till recent times due to administrative and political negligence by the centre, which has led to the marginalization of the various groups of people residing in the region. Northeast has become one of India’s post-independent others like many other subaltern groups within the nation. Given the history of violence and insurgency from different pockets of the region, the people from mainland India have grossly misunderstood the tribal people of Northeast and have not made any attempt to comprehend their lives and culture. The literature from this region, with a rich history of oral tradition among many diverse communities inhabiting the Northeast, is attempting to become an instrument to depict the experiences of the people and at the same time provide a platform to the dissenting voices from the region. This paper proposes to explore the peripheral voices of the Naga people protesting against the social ills administered by the Centre that have affected their harmonious living in the society. Easterine Kire in her novels A Terrible Matriarchy and Bitter Wormwood exhibits how the Naga people living in the periphery are discriminated by the centre and what impact it has on their lives.
A Study on Effectiveness of Digital Marketing Among College Students in Usilampatti, Madurai District
Authors: Nagapriya Mrs. K. , Vidya Chellam Dr. V.
Published: May 2022

The modern facet of marketing is digital marketing. Consumers have become more tech-savvy as a result of the advancement of technology and smart phones are provided the instant access to the internet. If the consumer wants to get information, they simply get from the internet. As a result, marketers began to use this channel to disseminate information about their products, services and thoughts, this practice known as Digital Marketing. The primary goal of digital marketing is to attract users and provide them with access to information about businesses via digital media. This article looks at the many digital marketing promotion tactics available, as well as their appeal and effectiveness among college students. A random sample of 70 students was selected to investigate the reasons for the growing popularity and efficiency of digital marketing in compared to traditional marketing strategies.
Review on Vortex Generators Mounted on Airfoil to Improve the Aerodynamic Performance
Authors: Gore Mayuri R. , .K Balaji
Published: May 2022

In aircrafts lift is the most important factor which depends on wing performance. But during the cruising flight when the angle of attack increases there is change in the aerodynamic factors such as lift and drag forces due to the boundary layer (BL) separation. To delay or avoid this boundary layer separation and improve the aerodynamic performance of the wing vortex generators were introduced. Vortex generators helps to keep the boundary layer attached to the wings upper surface. In previous decades much study is done to control this BL on the different types of airfoils i.e. symmetrical or unsymmetrical. This review is based on study related to improve these parameters so that there will be increment in lift coefficient and reduction in drag coefficient. To overcome these parameters appropriate size, shape, length, position and incidence angle, etc should be investigated to find out the suitable one. These investigations can be performed as numerical based using software simulation and also by experimental approach in a wind tunnel. The main practical advantage of these vortex generators is to reduce parasite drag on airfoil and increase the lift force, they are also demonstrated to be critically important in other applications also.
A Study on Evaluation of Teaching Methods to Amplify the Effectiveness of Management Education
Authors: Sumanth MG , Irshad Nazeer Dr
Published: May 2022

The concept of management education, its growth, status, evolution and trends are analyzed based on secondary data. Bridging the gap between Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0 by reorientation of Learning and Teaching methods to amplify the effectiveness of management education. Lectures and tutorials have become most commonly used teaching techniques at business schools. However Practitioners and Educationists developed case study based, Corporate Games, Simulations and interactive teaching techniques to enhance the effectiveness of management education in business schools. Quantitative method is deployed by executing parametric tests. The Innovative, creative and practical based teaching methods can improve the quality of management students and institutions. Education 4.0 offers learning beyond the geographical boundaries and encourages cross domain and culture learning which boost the pragmatic application of learned concepts.
A Study to Find the Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Employee Motivation in the Organization
Authors: Gautam Priyanka , Raja Sankaran Dr
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of emotional intelligence on employee motivation in the organization and to find the relationship between six factors namely, Organizational commitment, Reward, Recognition, Performance Appraisal, Job Satisfaction, and Emotional Exhaustion.Methodology/Approach: An online survey was conducted to collect the data from 57 employees, who are currently working in various IT Companies. The conceptual model was tested, and the findings were validated and statistically analyzed using SmartPLS.Findings: The factor Emotional Exhaustion was found to be significant on Organizational Commitment, whereas Reward, Recognition, Performance Appraisal, and Job Satisfaction were found to be not significant on Organizational Commitment.Implications: Employers can use this study to find out which factor is affecting the motivation level of employees in the organization.
A Quantitative Study of User Perception of Credibility of Jobs Posted on Online Job Search Portals
Authors: Sharma Anshu
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study aims to study the factors which influence user perception of credibility of jobs posted on online job search portalsDesign/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research methodology was used and 240 responses received, via a web-based survey, were analysed. These responses covered user perception across more than 10 leading online job portals.Findings: Credibility perception of jobs posted on online job search portals differs across users belonging to different categories with respect to years of work experience, job application response, and number of jobs changed. Number of responses received on their online job applications and the proportion of jobs they get via the online portals emerged as significant predictors of users’ credibility perception of the jobs posted on such portals.Practical Implications: Marketers of online job search portals must collaborate with their recruitment partners to focus on driving response rate and actual job seeking success rate for users on their portals.Originality/Value: This study bridges a key gap in current literature regarding a limited understanding of how users perceive the usefulness of online job search portals.
Impact of Human Resource Management Policies and Digitalization on the Public Sector Enterprises in India
Authors: Kumar Garg Rakesh , Deepak Kumar Agarwal Dr
Published: May 2022

Any organization’s success is determined by the quality of its human resources. Human resources, in the form of personnel, are the most vital and valuable assets that any firm has. In the changing and globalized environment, enterprises are supposed to give more thought to quality and human resources needs to become sustainable. Productivity and efficiency of the employees are two of the top factors influencing organization success. Digitalization has become necessary for the Indian public sector and markets in the present scenario. The Digital India initiatives have transformed Indian market into a digitally empowered knowledge economy. It is a scheme of the Indian Government to assimilate the various public sectors and the people of India. It seeks to provide Government services to the citizens of India in online format than paperwork. The aims of this study consist validation of a framework for assessing the associations among HRM policies and digitalization of the public sector enterprises in India.
The Tidy Hunger in The Hungry Tide
Authors: Raja Vignesh M , Chandran MR
Published: May 2022

Ecology is the scientific study of natural interdependencies of life forms as they relate to each other and their shared environment. Creatures produce and shape their environment, as their environment produces and shapes them. Ecology developed in reaction against the practice of isolating creatures for study in laboratories is based on field work and draws to specific disciplines of study including zoology, botany, geology and climate change and so on. A variety of wildlife survived till the later part of the 19th century despite the rapid depletion of habitat. In 1875, the sundarbans has variety of wild animals like tiger, wild buffaloes, rhinos, leopards, wild hogs, monkeys and so on and also rich floras. But now the entire sundarbans is under threat due to population explosion and the greediness of the humans. Amitav Ghosh’s novel, The Hungry Tide has profound ecological implication as he views the current global ecological crisis from the ecological and eco-feminist perspective in the sundarbans
The Influence of International Law in 1945 Constitution Amendments of the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Natamiharja Rudi , Rasya Algizca , Putri Ria Wierma , Banjarani Desia Rakhma
Published: May 2022

As a country that is active in international relations, Indonesia often creates relations about the relationship between international and national law, which also raises questions about the influence between the two. The linkages between international law and national law give rise to each other, including in the process of drafting amendments to the constitution of a country, one of which is Indonesia. This paper discusses the influence of international law in the amendments to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used is normative juridical in the form of library research. The results of the research are that there is a link between national law and law that influence each other, including in the process of amending the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Although not all articles are affected by international law, at each stage of the amendment there are several articles that have a positive effect on the whole. directly or indirectly.
Principles Audi Et Alteram Partem Compatibility in Litigation Process at State and Religious Court: Impact of Pandemic
Authors: Pawana Sekhar Chandra , Setyawan Vincentius Patria
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic that surge around the world, caused adjustments in various ways, including in the law. The existence of regulations regarding e court strongly supports government programs in suppressing the rate of development of the Covid-19 virus, but on the other hand this development raises questions regarding the application of the principle of audi et alteram partem. This paper aims to present how the application of Principles Audi Et Alteram Partem Compatibility in Litigation Process in State and Religious Court in emergency situation. This study uses an normative method approach with descriptive analytical research specifications. This research seeks to illustrate the facts of the Audi et Alteram Partem Principle Compatibility in E-court anda E-Litigation.. Starting from this, there should be synchronization and uniformity of rules for all judicial processes, which should ideally be conducted electronically. From the results of the study, the implementation of the electronic trial shows the application of the principle of audy et alteram partem. All of this is in the interest of the justice-seeking community itself so that the trial process can better guarantee. It is found that even though the court process is conducted online, the principle of audi et alteram partem can be realized.
Relationship between Hyperglycemia and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Andriana Anna , Pandelaki Karel , Rotty Linda W. A.
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases found in COVID-19 patients. People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing a more severe form when infected with the SARS-CoV2 virus. This study aimed to determine the relationship of hyperglycemia and the outcome of COVID-19 patients. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The outcomes studied were the degree of COVID-19 disease and the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. The results obtained 10 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. COVID-19 patients suffering from hyperglycemia, both those with and without a history of diabetes, experienced more severe degree of illness and higher mortality rate compared to patients without hyperglycemia. In conclusion, there is a relationship between hyperglycemia and the severity of illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients.Keywords: hyperglycemia; COVID-19 Abstrak: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling sering ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19. Penyandang DM berisiko lebih tinggi untuk berkembang menjadi bentuk yang lebih parah ketika terinfeksi virus SARS-CoV2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hiperglikemia dengan luaran pasien COVID-19. Jenis penelitian berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey,dan Google Scholar. Luaran yang diteliti yaitu derajat penyakit dan angka kematian pasien COVID-19 dengan DM. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Pasien COVID-19 dengan hiperglikemia baik yang penyandang DM maupun tanpa riwayat DM mengalami keparahan penyakit yang lebih berat dengan angka kematian yang lebih tinggi dibanding pasien tanpa hiperglikemia. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan antara hiperglikemia dengan keparahan penyakit dan angka kematian pasien COVID-19.Kata kunci: hiperglikemia; COVID-19
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Antibakteri Masker Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kalu Burung (Barleria prionitis L.)
Authors: Wowor Meriam Gratia Gabriel , Tampara Josua , Suryanto Edy , Momuat Lidya Irma
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada ekstrak etanol daun kalu burung, membuat masker peel-off berbahan aktif ekstrak etanol daun kalu burung dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol dan sediaan masker peel-off. Metode yang digunakan adalah preparasi sampel, ekstraksi, uji senyawa fitokimia, pembuatan masker peel-off, uji sifat fisik dan kimia masker meliputi uji organoleptik, stabilitas fisik, lama mengering dan pH, serta uji antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk daun kalu burung memiliki kadar air sebesar 6.13% dan rendemen ekstrak etanol sebesar 10.34%. Ekstrak etanol daun kalu burung mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid dan alkaloid pada uji Dragendorff. Sediaan masker peel-off memiliki karakteristik fisik dan kimia yang aman digunakan pada kulit. Masker peel-off memiliki kisaran pH antara 5-6 dan lama mengering dengan kisaran antara 23-29 menit. Zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri untuk ekstrak etanol daun kalu burung sebesar 12.33 mm dan masker peel-off mengandung daun kalu burung sebesar 9.67 mm. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa daun kalu burung mengandung metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri baik dalam ekstrak etanolnya maupun dalam sediaan masker peel-off ekstrak dan mempunyai sifat fisik dan kimia yang aman.Kata kunci: antibakteri; fitokimia; kalu burung; masker peel-off Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Test of Peel-Off Mask with Ethanol Extracts of Kalu Burung Leaves (Barleria prionitis L.).ABSTRACTThis research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites contained in the ethanol extract of Kalu Burung leaves, to make peel-off masks from ethanol extract of Kalu Burung leaves and to test the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts and peel-off masks. The methods used were sample preparation, extraction, testing of phytochemical compounds, making peel-off masks, testing the physical and chemical properties of masks such as organoleptic tests, physical stability, drying time and pH, as well as antibacterial tests. The results showed that the Kalu Burung leaf powder had a moisture content of 6.13% and an ethanol extract yield of 10.34%. The ethanol extract of Kalu Burung leaves contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and alkaloids in the Dragendorff test. The peel-off mask has physical and chemical characteristics which are safe to use. Peel-off masks have a pH range of 5-6 and drying time of 23-29 minutes. The inhibition zone of bacterial growth for ethanol extract was 12.33 mm and the peel-off mask containing Kalu Burung leaves was 9.67 mm. In conclusion, Kalu Burung leaves contain secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity both in the ethanol extract and in the peel-off extract mask with safe physical and chemical properties.Keywords: antibacterial; kalu burung leaves; peel-off mask; phytochemistry
Diagnosis of Partial Discharge in Power Transformer using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Sowndarya S. , Balaraman Sujatha
Published: May 2022

In an electric power system, power transformers are essential. Transformer failures can degrade the quality of the power and create power outages. Partial Discharges (PD) are a condition that, if not adequately monitored, can cause power transformer failures. This project addresses the diagnosis of PD in power transformer using the Phase Amplitude (PA) response of PRPD (Phase-Resolved Partial Discharge) patterns recorded using PD Detectors. It is a widely used pattern for analysing Partial Discharge. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to classify the type of PD defects. The PRPD patterns of 240 PA sample images have been taken from power transformer of rating 132/11 KV and 132/25 KV for training and testing the network. The feature extraction has also been done using CNN. In this work, the classification of PD faults is done using a supervised machine learning technique. The three different classes of PD faults such as Floating PD, Surface PD and Void PD are considered and predicted using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Simulation study is carried out using MATLAB. Based on the results obtained, it is found that CNN model has achieved a greater classification accuracy and thereby the life span of power transformer is enhanced.
Evocación de Federico Aznar Gil
Authors: Román Sánchez
Published: May 2022

El 4 de febrero de 2021 falleció en Zaragoza, Federico Rafael Aznar
Gil, a la edad de 67 años, siendo enterrado al día siguiente en su localidad
natal de La Almunia de Doña Godina (Zaragoza). Desde hacía algo más
de tres años su salud se había resentido y, ya jubilado a finales de 2018
como catedrático en la Facultad de Derecho canónico de la Universidad
Pontificia de Salamanca, se encontraba residiendo en la casa sacerdotal
de su diócesis, Zaragoza, donde seguía colaborando pastoralmente en la
parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Portillo y manteniendo los cargos de
Promotor de justicia y Defensor del vínculo del Tribunal Interdiocesano
de Segunda Instancia de Zaragoza, a la vez que preparando algún trabajo
histórico, pues su intención era la de seguir siendo útil a la Iglesia. Culminaba así una vida plena de actividad en el ámbito del Derecho canónico
que desarrolló durante cuatro décadas de un modo muy intenso.
Retos actuales de la Administración de Justicia en la Iglesia
Authors: Arroba Conde Manuel J.
Published: May 2022

El autor aborda en este artículo algunos de los desafíos más apremiantes
con los que se enfrenta hoy la administración de justicia en la Iglesia y en la
sociedad. Entre estos desafíos se hallan, desde la crisis de credibilidad que atraviesa la administración de justicia en la Iglesia, hasta algunas cuestiones apremiantes a las que atender en el campo de los procesos matrimoniales, penales y
administrativos. Se ofrecen algunas pautas de futuro y estrategias de superación
de esta crisis en consonancia con la naturaleza del Derecho eclesial y la función
social que corresponde a la misma actividad procesal.
Confirmatio donationis, intervivos facta, en el Derecho Romano y su recepción hasta la Edad Media
Authors: García Fueyo Beatriz
Published: May 2022

Hay muchas instituciones del Derecho romano que fueron acogidas por el
Derecho canónico medieval, algunas de las cuales se plasmaron en el derecho
codificado del siglo XX. Quisiéramos poner de relieve que la recepción del ordenamiento romano no significó un trasunto íntegro y literal de las reglas romanas, sino que en muchas ocasiones fueron también de la sociedad cristiana
con valores y esquemas jurídicos diferentes a los actuales. En este segundo aspecto, la donatio inter vivos, cuyo régimen aplicable es el justinianeo, e irrevocable
desde época clásica, con excepciones bien conocidas, a la luz de una escritura
notarial mirobrigense de 1604, sufrió el aditamento de una nota específica, para
el supuesto del negocio realizado por un obispo hispano en la Edad Moderna,
que era nulo, si manifestaba su voluntad, cumpliendo lo prescrito por el derecho
español vigente, tanto en la forma como en el contenido, pocas fechas antes de
su óbito, sin respetar los cuarenta días que estaban prescritos entre ambas datas.
Agradecimientos
Authors: Campos Martínez Francisco José.
Published: May 2022

El 28 de septiembre de 2018 el profesor Federico Aznar impartía en
el Aula San Juan Pablo II de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca la que a
la postre sería –sin siquiera poder sospecharlo los que allí estábamos
presentes– su última conferencia. Su disertación llevaba por título Las
reformas en materia de Derecho matrimonial canónico y el marco de la misma fue
el Simposio sobre Las reformas legislativas del Papa Francisco, organizado por
la Facultad de Derecho Canónico y con el que además se quería rendir
homenaje al maestro Aznar al final de su carrera docente como catedrático
de la UPSA
Actos jurídicos, documentados notarialmente, otorgados por el Obispo Civitatense, los días 6-7 de diciembre de 1604
Authors: García Sánchez Justo
Published: May 2022

A lo largo del año 1604, el obispo Civitatense, Martín de Salvatierra, fue
otorgando diversas donaciones, a favor de personas particulares e instituciones
eclesiásticas, falleciendo el 13 de diciembre de 1604. El día 6 del mismo mes y
año citado, en pleno uso de sus facultades mentales, otorgó una escritura notaA lo largo del año 1604, el obispo Civitatense, Martín de Salvatierra, fue
otorgando diversas donaciones, a favor de personas particulares e instituciones
eclesiásticas, falleciendo el 13 de diciembre de 1604. El día 6 del mismo mes y
año citado, en pleno uso de sus facultades mentales, otorgó una escritura notaA lo largo del año 1604, el obispo Civitatense, Martín de Salvatierra, fue
otorgando diversas donaciones, a favor de personas particulares e instituciones
eclesiásticas, falleciendo el 13 de diciembre de 1604. El día 6 del mismo mes y
año citado, en pleno uso de sus facultades mentales, otorgó una escritura notarial de excepcional importancia, porque con ella distribuyó la práctica totalidad
de su patrimonio personal o privativo, y otros muchos bienes que estaban bajo
su administración eclesiástica, mediante una pluralidad de donaciones inter vivos,
que tuvieron múltiples beneficiarios, pero de las que salieron muy enriquecidos
sus cognados más próximos, y otros familiares consanguíneos, además de algunas obras pías, como dos seminarios. Con la segunda, otorgada al día siguiente,
y también autorizada por escribano público y del número de la localidad, otorgó
el testamento nuncupativo, sin institución de heredero, pero incluyendo las
cláusulas precisas para su inhumación y exequias, sufragios y limosnas, muy
acorde con el espíritu del buen prelado, y normativa canónica aplicable. De este
modo dejamos en suspenso el juicio de su conducta, ya que no hemos podido
localizar, hasta ahora, el inventario del heredero, quien aceptó la herencia con
ese beneficio, ni el que, casi con seguridad, debió redactar la Cámara Apostólica,
a resultas de su instancia ante el Nuncio, declarando la nulidad de las donaciones contenidas en la escritura notarial del día 6, antes de efectuarse la cesión de
su titularidad patrimonial a los herederos del obispo.
Tesis de Derecho Canónico Matrimonial defendidas en la Real Universidad de San Felipe, de Santiago de Chile durante el período indiano, 1785-1810
Authors: Salinas Araneda Carlos
Published: May 2022

Se reconstruyen, conjeturalmente, los contenidos de las tesis defendidas en
la Real Universidad de San Felipe, de Santiago de Chile, entre los años 1758 y
1810, referidas al matrimonio canónico, de las que sólo se ha conservado el
título, al igual que ha sucedido con el resto de las tesis defendidas en dicha
universidad durante el período indiano. Para ello, se utiliza el derecho de la
época, así como la doctrina de los autores que trataban de las materias abordadas en las tesis.
El error diagnóstico del TDAH y la incapacidad matrimonial, análisis en dos sentencias recientes
Authors: Benedito Morant Vicente
Published: May 2022

La ausencia de detección del TDAH en el ámbito forense canónico es muy
notoria. Incluso el tratamiento doctrinal y jurisprudencial es muy poco significativo. En cambio, el conocer este trastorno y abordarlo en el ámbito canónico,
a pesar de la concurrencia con otros trastornos, es importante. Esta importancia
práctica se pone de relieve en las dos sentencias analizadas, y puede ser la diferencia entre una resolución afirmativa o negativa, como se comprueba. En el
comentario a ambas sentencias se estudia un factor que resulta fundamental en
la ausencia de diagnóstico, se trata del fenómeno de la concurrencia del TDAH
con otros trastornos y síndromes (la comorbilidad). Asociado a este fenómeno
de la comorbilidad se produce también consecuencia del error diagnóstico. Este
error diagnóstico hace que haya una tendencia a detectar sólo las causas psíquicas asociadas más conocidas (las cuales estudiamos). Sin embargo, la detección
del TDAH puede resultar fundamental en algunos casos para diferenciar una
falta de voluntad respecto de una verdadera incapacidad del canon 1095 §
Exclusión de la sacramentalidad del matrimonio y exclusión del bien de los cónyuges. Una sentencia sobre un tema actual y controvertido: el matrimonio de contrayentes no creyentes
Authors: Ferrer Sarroca Roberto
Published: May 2022

Se presenta una sentencia del año 2014, del Tribunal eclesiástico de Zaragoza. La causa se inició después de que se hubieran denegado diversos capítulos
de nulidad, e invocando en este caso exclusión de la sacramentalidad del matrimonio y exclusión del bien de los cónyuges, siendo por tanto esta sentencia
exponente de unas cuestiones muy actuales en el ámbito del Derecho canónico.
Oí del Papa Francisco un cambio crucial en el Sínodo de 2015
Authors: Martínez Sistach Lluís
Published: May 2022

Deseo comunicar una experiencia personal que tuve sobre un contenido que estaba muy en boga en la temática tratada por el Sínodo episcopal de 2014 y el de 2015. Mi aportación se reducirá a exponer el contenido de la referida experiencia que viví personalmente al lado el Papa
Francisco en una de las sesiones de la asamblea sinodal de octubre de
2015.
Importancia y propuestas de valoración desde la psicología de la religiosidad en las causas de nulidad matrimonial
Authors: Sánchez Ordóñez Raquel. , Urchaga Litago José David.
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo se defiende, tanto desde un punto de vista teórico como
real, que la valoración de la religiosidad (tanto cuantitativamente, como cualitativamente) es posible y necesaria en los peritajes psicológicos de nulidad matrimonial. En un primer momento se realiza una revisión de textos de la Iglesia
que exponen la importancia de valorar los aspectos psicológicos, así como la
religiosidad de los contrayentes. Estos aspectos influyen directamente en el matrimonio, tal y como se demuestra en diferentes investigaciones. En general, las
personas religiosas tienen matrimonios más felices y con menos rupturas. La
religiosidad, desde un punto de vista psicológico, no sólo es una dimensión
cuantitativa (más o menos religioso), sino que también es cualitativa (por ejemplo, religiosidad infantil frente a adulta o madura). Se presentan, a modo de
ejemplo, tres modelos psicológicos para evaluar la religiosidad (de los autores:
Vázquez, Fowler y Oser).
التعليم العالي في ليبيا في ضوء بعض المؤشرات الكمية والنوعية للتعليم
وفرص التطوير
Authors: الاشهب عبد الله , الاشهب أسماء
Published: May 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تفسير الأهمية الجوهرية لبعض المؤشرات الكمية، والنوعية للتعليم العالي في ليبيا وفق المؤشرات الإقليمية والدولية، ومدى إمكانية التطوير فيها، وذلك بإتباع المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المقارن، باستخدام أداة جمع الوثائق والتقارير. وشمل مجتمع الدراسة جميع المؤشرات الكمية لمؤسسات التعليم العالي دوليا وإقليميا (عربيا)، وعينته تمثلت في الاستدلال بالمؤشرات الكمية لكل الدول العربية (22 دولة)، وبعض الدول المتقدمة في العالم، ولمن توفرت بياناتهم في السنوات (2014-2019) لكل منهما.
ومن أهم النتائج التي خلصت إليها الدراسة، أن عدد طلاب مؤسسات التعليم العالي في ليبيا يزيد عن 300 ألف طالب وطالبة، هذه النسبة المشار إليها أي بإجمالي عدد الطلاب و قدرة 3000 طالب وطالبة لكل مائة ألف نسمة من السكان، والمفترض أن يكون في حدود 1600 طالب وطالبة لكل 100 ألف نسمة، هذه النسبة وبالرجوع إلى المعيار النفسي والاجتماعي وفقا للتوزيع الطبيعي لمنحني الذكاء لأي مجتمع، تعد أعلى نسبة في الدول العربية بالإضافة إلى المؤشرات الإقليمية و الدولية نجد أنها هي تقريبا ضعف متوسط النسبة في العالم، والتي تفوق المعدلات المعمول بها سواء على المستوى الإقليمي، أو الدولي، والتي تشير إلى أن هناك وضعًا غير سليم في ارتفاع نسبة الطلاب الملتحقين بمؤسسات التعليم في ليبيا. وفي ضوء ذلك أوصي الباحثان بجملة من المقترحات لخفض أعداد الطلاب لتكون ضمن المؤشرات المعمول بها دوليا وإقليميا وتحقيق التطوير في مؤسسات التعليم العالي في ليبيا.
Teacher and Student’s Self-Directed Learning Readiness in Using Technology in the Urgency of Online Learning
Authors: Oktariani Ni Luh Tu , Santosa Made Hery , Pratiwi Ni Putu Astiti
Published: May 2022

Education nowadays shifted from face-to-face learning into online learning. Teacher and student readiness are the essential factors to the success of online learning. The present study aims to analyze the teacher and student’s self-directed learning readiness in using the technology in the urgency of remote education. The participants were an English teacher and a student of SMP Negeri 2 Melaya. The data collection was done by interviewing and observing the teacher and student in online learning. The instruments were an interview guide and an observation checklist. The data analysis was implemented the interactive model analysis. It involved data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the teacher and student were ready to use the technology in online learning analyzed by their self-directed learning. The result of perceived and observed readiness showed similar results. The results of the current research is the same as the previous reserch which most of the students observed that they have good self-directed learning in learning. It also supported by the participants which familiar on using the technology.
Tasks Development for English Online Learning at SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja
Authors: Sumadi Gde Dody , Saputra I Nyoman Pasek Hadi , Agustini Dewa Ayu Eka
Published: May 2022

Covid-19 pandemic is a situation that has impacted people’s life and all sectors especially Education. This pandemic situation forced the restrictions to do online learning in the teaching activities, including English learning in giving English Online Tasks. It raises pro contra between the implementation of online learning. The study aimed to find out the development of English Online Tasks and integrate those tasks in Online Learning Platforms. The study employed qualitative approach with interview and observation method. The sample of this study is one English teacher from SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja. The results showed that the English teacher has a lot of tasks during online learning in 1 semester. In developing English Online Tasks, the teacher has many methods. These tasks are integrated into several Online Learning Platforms. Therefore, it is suggested for the government to use this result as a reference to evaluate the online learning specifically in giving English Online Tasks for senior high school students.