bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nighttime Midlatitude E‐F Coupling in Geomagnetic Conjugate Ionospheres: A Double Thin Shell Model and a Multi‐Source Data Investigation
Authors: Fu Weizheng , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Ssessanga Nicholas , Ma Guanyi , Yamamoto Mamoru
Published: March 2023

Geomagnetic conjugate mid‐latitude nighttime ionospheres are frequently simultaneously populated with electrified nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). Earlier observations and theoretical analysis have underscored the ionosphere E‐F coupling and the postulation of coupled conjugate hemispheres, playing a pivotal role in the formation of electrified MSTIDs. In this paper, the conjugate MSTIDs are studied to elucidate the causes and effects of E‐F coupling in the interhemispheric coupled ionosphere. The hemisphere‐coupled ionospheres over Japan and Australia are observed and analyzed using total electron content (TEC) measurements, supplemented with multi‐source observations from ionosondes, Ionospheric Connection Explorer (neutral wind), Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (electron density), and Swarm (magnetic field). A double‐thin‐shell model is introduced to analyze the ionospheric responses in E and F regions during the coupling process. For the first time, observation results provide the evidence that F‐region geomagnetic conjugate irregularities in both hemispheres are mainly driven by the Es layers in the summer hemisphere. The Es layer in the summer hemisphere subsequently triggers local E‐F coupling and inter‐hemispheric coupling. In the winter hemisphere, Es layers show amplitude reduction or even dissipation during the interhemispheric coupling process. Furthermore, thermospheric winds, non‐equipotential magnetic field lines, and background TEC are presumed candidates for the inter‐hemispheric asymmetry in MSTIDs amplitudes and growth rates.
The Fifth Generation Regional Climate Modeling System, RegCM5: Description and Illustrative Examples at Parameterized Convection and Convection‐Permitting Resolutions
Authors: Giorgi Filippo , Coppola Erika , Giuliani Graziano , Ciarlo` James M. , Pichelli Emanuela , Nogherotto Rita , Raffaele Francesca , Malguzzi Piero , Davolio Silvio , Stocchi Paolo , Drofa Oxana
Published: March 2023

We introduce the latest version of the RegCM regional climate modeling system, RegCM5. Compared to the previous model version (RegCM4) the main new development is the inclusion of the non‐hydrostatic dynamical core from the weather prediction model MOLOCH, which is more accurate and much more computationally stable and efficient than the previous one. In particular, the new dynamical core is best designed for use at convection‐permitting resolutions of a few km. Several physics schemes and coupled model components have also been upgraded compared to the previous version of the model. A set of test simulations for present day climate conditions at parameterized convection and convection permitting resolutions over different European domains is presented for illustrative purposes. Overall, for these simulations RegCM5 exhibits a better performance than RegCM4 for the majority of statistics analyzed, especially at convection‐permitting resolutions. However, this performance depends on the physics schemes used, and further optimization work is under way to fully test the model in different climate settings and reduce current biases. RegCM5 is a freely available, computationally efficient, flexible, and portable Regional Earth System model designed for community use, so that prospective model users are welcome to access its code and use it for different applications.
Soil Moisture Observations From Shortwave Infrared Channels Reveal Tornado Tracks: A Case in 10–11 December 2021 Tornado Outbreak
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Lin Yun , McFarquhar Greg M. , Park Edward , Gu Yu , Su Qiong , Fu Rong , Lee Kee Wei , Zhang Tianhao
Published: March 2023

Satellite‐based post‐tornado assessments have been widely used for the detection of tornado tracks, which heavily relies on the identification of vegetation changes through observations at visible and near‐infrared channels. During the deadly 10–11 December 2021 tornado outbreak, a series of violent tornadoes first touched down over northeastern Arkansas, an area dominated by cropland with rare vegetation coverage in winter. Through the examination of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer multi‐spectral observations, this study reveals significant scars on shortwave infrared channels over this region, but none are captured by visible and near‐infrared channels. The dominant soil type is aquert (one of vertisols), whose high clay content well preserves the severe changes in soil structure during the tornado passage, when the topmost soil layer was removed and underlying soil with higher moisture content was exposed to the air. This study suggests a quick post‐tornado assessment method over less vegetated area by using shortwave infrared channels.
The moderating role of eating behaviour traits in the association between exposure to hot food takeaway outlets and body fatness
Authors: Hoenink Jody C. , Burgoine Thomas , Brage Soren , Forouhi Nita , Griffin Simon J. , Monsivais Pablo , Wareham Nicholas J. , Ahern Amy , Adams Jean
Published: March 2023

Background

Previous studies demonstrated a relation between takeaway outlet exposure and health outcomes. Individual characteristics, such as eating behaviour traits, could make some people more susceptible to the influence of the food environment. Few studies have investigated this topic. We aimed to investigate the moderating role of eating behaviour traits (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating) in the association between neighbourhood exposure to hot food takeaway outlets (hereafter referred to as takeaway outlets), and takeaway food consumption and adiposity.

Methods

We used cross-sectional data from a cohort in Cambridgeshire, UK (The Fenland study). Takeaway outlet exposure was derived using participants’ residential address and data from local authorities and divided into quarters. The Three Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) was used to measure eating behaviour traits. Primary outcomes were consumption of takeaway-like foods (derived from food frequency questionnaire), and body fat percentage (measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).

Results

Mean age of participants (n = 4791) was 51.0 (SD = 7.2) and 53.9% were female. Higher exposure to takeaway outlets in the neighbourhood and higher eating behaviour trait scores were independently associated with greater takeaway consumption and body fat percentage. Uncontrolled eating did not moderate the associations between takeaway outlet exposure and takeaway consumption or body fat percentage. The association between takeaway outlet exposure and takeaway consumption was slightly stronger in those with higher cognitive restraint scores, and the association between takeaway outlet exposure and body fat percentage was slightly stronger in those with lower emotional eating scores.

Conclusion

Eating behaviour traits and exposure to takeaway outlets were associated with greater takeaway consumption and body fat, but evidence that individuals with certain traits are more susceptible to takeaway outlets was weak. The findings indicate that interventions at both the individual and environmental levels are needed to comprehensively address unhealthy diets.

Trial registry

ISRCTN72077169
AlphaFold2 and its applications in the fields of biology and medicine
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Zeng Xiaoxi , Zhao Yi , Chen Runsheng
Published: March 2023

AlphaFold2 (AF2) is an artificial intelligence (AI) system developed by DeepMind that can predict three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins from amino acid sequences with atomic-level accuracy. Protein structure prediction is one of the most challenging problems in computational biology and chemistry, and has puzzled scientists for 50 years. The advent of AF2 presents an unprecedented progress in protein structure prediction and has attracted much attention. Subsequent release of structures of more than 200 million proteins predicted by AF2 further aroused great enthusiasm in the science community, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. AF2 is thought to have a significant impact on structural biology and research areas that need protein structure information, such as drug discovery, protein design, prediction of protein function, et al. Though the time is not long since AF2 was developed, there are already quite a few application studies of AF2 in the fields of biology and medicine, with many of them having preliminarily proved the potential of AF2. To better understand AF2 and promote its applications, we will in this article summarize the principle and system architecture of AF2 as well as the recipe of its success, and particularly focus on reviewing its applications in the fields of biology and medicine. Limitations of current AF2 prediction will also be discussed.
Genetic architecture of spatial electrical biomarkers for cardiac arrhythmia and relationship with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Young William J. , Haessler Jeffrey , Benjamins Jan-Walter , Repetto Linda , Yao Jie , Isaacs Aaron , Harper Andrew R. , Ramirez Julia , Garnier Sophie , van Duijvenboden Stefan , Baldassari Antoine R. , Concas Maria Pina , Duong ThuyVy , Foco Luisa , Isaksen Jonas L. , Mei Hao , Noordam Raymond , Nursyifa Casia , Richmond Anne , Santolalla Meddly L. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Soroush Negin , Thériault Sébastien , Trompet Stella , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Ahmadizar Fariba , Alonso Alvaro , Brody Jennifer A. , Campbell Archie , Correa Adolfo , Darbar Dawood , De Luca Antonio , Deleuze Jean-François , Ellervik Christina , Fuchsberger Christian , Goel Anuj , Grace Christopher , Guo Xiuqing , Hansen Torben , Heckbert Susan R. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Kors Jan A. , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Linneberg Allan , Macfarlane Peter W. , Morrison Alanna C. , Navarro Pau , Porteous David J. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Reiner Alexander P. , Risch Lorenz , Schotten Ulrich , Shen Xia , Sinagra Gianfranco , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Stoll Monika , Tarazona-Santos Eduardo , Tinker Andrew , Trajanoska Katerina , Villard Eric , Warren Helen R. , Whitsel Eric A. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Arking Dan E. , Avery Christy L. , Conen David , Girotto Giorgia , Grarup Niels , Hayward Caroline , Jukema J.Wouter , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Olesen Morten Salling , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Psaty Bruce M. , Pattaro Cristian , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P. , Rotter Jerome I. , Stricker Bruno H. , van der Harst Pim , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Verweij Niek , Wilson James G. , Orini Michele , Charron Philippe , Watkins Hugh , Kooperberg Charles , Lin Henry J. , Wilson James F. , Kanters Jørgen K. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Mifsud Borbala , Lambiase Pier D. , Tereshchenko Larisa G. , Munroe Patricia B.
Published: March 2023

The 3-dimensional spatial and 2-dimensional frontal QRS-T angles are measures derived from the vectorcardiogram. They are independent risk predictors for arrhythmia, but the underlying biology is unknown. Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies we identify 61 (58 previously unreported) loci for the spatial QRS-T angle (N = 118,780) and 11 for the frontal QRS-T angle (N = 159,715). Seven out of the 61 spatial QRS-T angle loci have not been reported for other electrocardiographic measures. Enrichments are observed in pathways related to cardiac and vascular development, muscle contraction, and hypertrophy. Pairwise genome-wide association studies with classical ECG traits identify shared genetic influences with PR interval and QRS duration. Phenome-wide scanning indicate associations with atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block and arterial embolism and genetically determined QRS-T angle measures are associated with fascicular and bundle branch block (and also atrioventricular block for the frontal QRS-T angle). We identify potential biology involved in the QRS-T angle and their genetic relationships with cardiovascular traits and diseases, may inform future research and risk prediction.
Control of human cytomegalovirus replication by liver resident natural killer cells
Authors: Forrest Calum , Chase Thomas J. G. , Cuff Antonia O. , Maroulis Dionas , Motallebzadeh Reza , Gander Amir , Davidson Brian , Griffiths Paul , Male Victoria , Reeves Matthew
Published: March 2023

Natural killer cells are considered to be important for control of human cytomegalovirus– a major pathogen in immune suppressed transplant patients. Viral infection promotes the development of an adaptive phenotype in circulating natural killer cells that changes their anti-viral function. In contrast, less is understood how natural killer cells that reside in tissue respond to viral infection. Here we show natural killer cells resident in the liver have an altered phenotype in cytomegalovirus infected individuals and display increased anti-viral activity against multiple viruses in vitro and identify and characterise a subset of natural killer cells responsible for control. Crucially, livers containing natural killer cells with better capacity to control cytomegalovirus replication in vitro are less likely to experience viraemia post-transplant. Taken together, these data suggest that virally induced expansion of tissue resident natural killer cells in the donor organ can reduce the chance of viraemia post-transplant.
A cognitive behaviour data analysis on the use of social media in global south context focusing on Bangladesh
Authors: Samya Shashwata Sourav Roy , Tonmoy MD. Shaleh Islam , Rabbi MD. Forhad
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the factors that contribute to the propagation of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on social media in Bangladesh. We attempted to identify the links between the propagation of misinformation and the factors associated with trust in sources based on personal ties among our respondents. In order to find our targeted outcomes, we used a cognitive method in our survey. A total of 202 replies were chosen for analysis, in which respondents were presented with falsified news and asked how they would react to it being shared or posted by someone with whom they have a personal connection. The survey also recorded a variety of other parameters. The Likert Chart Scale was our primary method of data collection, with Yes/No responses serving as a secondary option. The responses were analysed using statistical methods such as Chi-Square Tests, data visualizations and the Ordinal Logistic Regression Model. Our findings have shown that trust in the source can lead to hastily sharing news on social media platforms without proper verification. Other key factors, such as time spent on social media platforms and the type of content shared, also contribute to the propagation of fake news on social media platforms. Such findings may contribute to making Bangladesh more safe and secured in the cyberspace area.
A machine learning approach for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using elemental contents in fingernails
Authors: Chan Yun-Nam , Wang Pengpeng , Chun Ka-Him , Lum Judy Tsz-Shan , Wang Hang , Zhang Yunhui , Leung Kelvin Sze-Yin
Published: March 2023

The aim of this pilot study was to predict the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by the elemental content in fingernails and urine with machine learning analysis. Sixty seven pregnant women (34 control and 33 GDM patient) were included. Fingernails and urine were collected in the first and second trimesters, respectively. The concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Logistic regression model was applied to estimate the adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The predictive performances of multiple machine learning algorithms were evaluated, and an ensemble model was built to predict the risk for GDM based on the elemental contents in the fingernails. Beryllium, selenium, tin and copper were positively associated with the risk of GDM while nickel and mercury showed opposite result. The trained ensemble model showed larger area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (0.81) using fingernail Ni, Cu and Se concentrations. The model was validated by external data set with AUC = 0.71. In summary, the results of the present study highlight the potential of fingernails, as an alternative sample, together with machine learning in human biomonitoring studies.
A laser-induced mouse model of progressive retinal degeneration with central sparing displays features of parafoveal geographic atrophy
Authors: Khan Adnan H. , Soundara Pandi Sudha Priya , Scott Jennifer A. , Sánchez-Bretaño Aida , Lynn Savannah A. , Ratnayaka J. Arjuna , Teeling Jessica L. , Lotery Andrew J.
Published: March 2023

There are no disease-modifying treatments available for geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. Current murine models fail to fully recapitulate the features of GA and thus hinder drug discovery. Here we describe a novel mouse model of retinal degeneration with hallmark features of GA. We used an 810 nm laser to create a retinal lesion with central sparing (RLCS), simulating parafoveal atrophy observed in patients with progressive GA. Laser-induced RLCS resulted in progressive GA-like pathology with the development of a confluent atrophic lesion. We demonstrate significant changes to the retinal structure and thickness in the central unaffected retina over a 24-week post-laser period, confirmed by longitudinal optical coherence tomography scans. We further show characteristic features of progressive GA, including a gradual reduction in the thickness of the central, unaffected retina and of total retinal thickness. Histological changes observed in the RLCS correspond to GA pathology, which includes the collapse of the outer nuclear layer, increased numbers of GFAP + , CD11b + and FcγRI + cells, and damage to cone and rod photoreceptors. We demonstrate a laser-induced mouse model of parafoveal GA progression, starting at 2 weeks post-laser and reaching confluence at 24 weeks post-laser. This 24-week time-frame in which GA pathology develops, provides an extended window of opportunity for proof-of-concept evaluation of drugs targeting GA. This time period is an added advantage compared to several existing models of geographic atrophy.
Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence of oil spill recognition using a semi-supervised algorithm based on thickness and mixing proportion–emission matrices
Authors: Gong Bowen , Zhang Hongji , Wang Xiaodong , Lian Ke , Li Xinkai , Chen Bo , Wang Hanlin , Niu Xiaoqian
Published: March 2023

The fluorescence of oil films with different thicknesses and mixing proportions was measured and classified using an improved co-training algorithm, which improves the classification accuracy and provides prospects for recognition of similar oil species.
Phase transformation of calcium carbonate in acetonitrile/H2O mixed solvents: effects of water content and dielectric constant
Authors: Zou Wenwu , Xie Zhenze , Du Chang
Published: March 2023

The content of water and dielectric constant have a lot of effects on calcium carbonate growth by a dissolution recrystallization pathway, or Ostwald ripening process.
Structure and formation of copper cluster ions in multiply charged He nanodroplets
Authors: Lushchikova O. V. , Gatchell M. , Reichegger J. , Kollotzek S. , Zappa F. , Mahmoodi-Darian M. , Scheier P.
Published: March 2023

The most stable structure of cationic (left) and anionic (right) Cu5 was determined by particularly stable configurations with He.
Reciprocity of CO⋯π interactions with the dominant anion–π on fullerene (C60)– amine-based organocatalysts: a mechanistic elucidation for additionvs.decarboxylation reaction
Authors: Panneerselvam Murugesan , Akash Hiregange , Patnaik Archita
Published: March 2023

Synergistic effects of anion–π and CO⋯π surface interactions playing a central role in the organo-catalysis reaction on the π-acidic surface of a fullerene C60 catalyst.
3D printed triply periodic minimal surfaces as advanced structured packings for solvent-based CO2 capture
Authors: Ellebracht Nathan C. , Roy Pratanu , Moore Thomas , Gongora Aldair E. , Oyarzun Diego I. , Stolaroff Joshuah K. , Nguyen Du T.
Published: March 2023

Advanced structured packing geometries fabricated with 3D printing were used for absorber CO2 capture with a liquid solvent. Compared to conventional packing, they had greatly enhanced (90–140%) effective surface areas and comparable hydrodynamics.
Novel histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors using benzimidazole as caps for cancer treatment
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Hong , Hue Bui Thi Buu , Pham Minh Quan , Hoa Tran Phuong , Tran Quang De , Jung Hosun , Hieu Le Trong , Quoc Nguyen Cuong , Quang Hong Vinh , Quy Nguyen Phu , Yoo Hye Jin , Yang Su-Geun
Published: March 2023

A cap of benzimidazole and a four carbon-chain-containing thioether linker is a superior HDAC6 inhibitor to belinostat.
Gamma irradiated structural modification of Ti3C2Tx for high performance supercapacitors and the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Mehran Muhammad Taqi , Baig Mutawara Mahmood , Shahzad Faisal , Naqvi Salman Raza , Iqbal Sajid
Published: March 2023

The gamma irradiation technique was used to modify the Ti3C2Tx MXene and the effect on the electrochemical performance of gamma-irradiated Ti3C2Tx (γ-Ti3C2Tx) for the hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitor applications was studied.
Solvent engineering of MAPbI3 perovskite thick film for a direct X-ray detector
Authors: Qian Wei , Qiu Weitao , Yu Shanshan , Huang Duan , Lei Renbo , Huang Xianzhen , Xiao Shuang , Wang Xinwei , Yang Shihe
Published: March 2023

An ethylene glycol based solvent engineering strategy to prepare high-quality MAPbI3 thick films for direct X-ray detectors.
Realizing room temperature catalytic hydrogenation of sodium phenoxide by Ru/TiO2 for hydrogen storage
Authors: Tan Khai Chen , Pei Qijun , Yu Jiafeng , Wen Hong , Yu Yang , Wang Jintao , Nordin Nor Izzati , He Teng , Chua Yong Shen , Chen Ping
Published: March 2023

Room temperature catalytic hydrogenation of sodium phenoxide is successfully realized by a Ru/TiO2 catalyst, where the electron-rich state of Ru and the interface of Ru and TiO2 are responsible for the enhanced activity.
A human VEGF magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for drug-free anti-angiogenesis and photothermal therapy of tumors
Authors: Wen Mengzhao , Shi Haizhu , Wan Yu , Wu Jiateng , Tian Xiao , Chen Qian , Wu Ming-Yu , Feng Shun
Published: March 2023

A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was successfully developed as a drug-free system in combating cancer through a ‘two-track’ approach by integrating anti-angiogenesis and photothermal therapy with broad-spectrum anticancer activities.
Fast and slow walking driven by chemical fuel
Authors: Rajasekaran Vishnu Verman , Elramadi Emad , Valiyev Isa , Howlader Prodip , Schmittel Michael
Published: March 2023

Using a di Stefano fuel acid, the two-component walker-on-deck exhibits fast forward motion upon protonation and slow stepwise return to the starting point.
Selective and efficient detection of Pb2+ in aqueous solution by lanthanoid-organic frameworks bearing pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid and glutaric acid
Authors: ul Nisa Zaib , Ashashi Nargis Akhter , Singhaal Richa , Ahmad Musheer , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Sheikh Haq Nawaz
Published: March 2023

Five metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized by the solvothermal method. The luminescent Eu/Tb MOFs function as efficient selective sensors for hazardous Pb2+via the turn-off mode.
Ni nanoparticles assembled on the surface of biomass-derived porous carbon as competitive candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chai Dong-Feng , Han Yue , Zhang Wenzhi , Dong Guohua , Zhang Zhuanfang , Bai Liming , Guo Dongxuan
Published: March 2023

Ni nanoparticles assembled on the surface of biomass-derived porous carbon are constructed to circumvent the self-aggregation nature of Ni nanoparticles.
Sodium tantalates: monitoring crystallization via in situ total X-ray scattering
Authors: Onur Şahin Ezgi , Zhang Siyuan , Scheu Christina , Weidenthaler Claudia
Published: March 2023

Intending to understand the structural basis of their activity in catalysis, amorphous NaxTayOz was monitored by in situ X-ray diffraction and total scattering experiments during crystallization to a nanocomposite of natrotantite and perovskite.
Effect of radial advection on autocatalytic reaction–diffusion fronts
Authors: Comolli Alessandro , Negrojević L. , Brau Fabian , De Wit A.
Published: March 2023

Scalings characterizing the properties of an autocatalytic front when the autocatalytic species is injected radially at a constant flow rate into the reactant solution are derived.
Metal complexes with valuable biomolecules produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a review of the coordination properties of pyocyanin, pyochelin and pyoverdines
Authors: Andrejević Tina P. , Ašanin Darko P. , Pantović Bojana V. , Stevanović Nevena Lj. , Marković Violeta R. , Djuran Miloš I. , Glišić Biljana Đ.
Published: March 2023

A survey of the results achieved in the field of metal complexes with the natural products derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, namely pyocyanin, pyochelin, and pyoverdines, has been presented.
Ferrocene modified analogues of imatinib and nilotinib as potent anti-cancer agents
Authors: Philipova Irena , Mihaylova Rositsa , Momekov Georgi , Angelova Rostislava , Stavrakov Georgi
Published: March 2023

Analogues of imatinib and nilotinib, where the pyridine ring is replaced by a ferrocenyl moiety, were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer activity. Two of the metallocenes exhibited highly selective tumor cell growth inhibition.
Single-atom alloy Ir/Ni catalyst boosts CO2 methanation via mechanochemistry
Authors: Tu Rui , Zhang Yujie , Xu Yuchun , Yang Junxia , Zhang Ling , Lv Keran , Ren Guoqing , Zhai Shengliang , Yu Tie , Deng Weiqiao
Published: March 2023

A new catalytic approach is pioneered to achieve CO2 methanation via a single atom alloy Ir/Ni catalyst using a ball-milling method.
Dithiocarbamate-based linear versus macrocyclic architecture: comparative studies and applications in protein interaction and heavy metal removal
Authors: Thurakkal Liya , Vijayakumar Sreelakshmi , Tripathi Ayushi , Porel Mintu
Published: March 2023

Linear vs. macrocyclic architectures with same functional groups indicated linear outperformed for environmental remediation whereas, macrocycle outperformed for biological application.
Flexible plasmonic nanocavities: a universal platform for the identification of molecular orientations
Authors: Yao Lei , Hao Qi , Li Mingze , Fan Xingce , Li Guoqun , Tang Xiao , Wei Yunjia , Wang Jiawei , Qiu Teng
Published: March 2023

Plasmonic nanocavities enable the manipulation of field polarization, thereby to selectively enhance the Raman modes of specific target molecules.
1,6-Naphthyridin-7(6H)-ones: synthesis and optical properties
Authors: Beghennou Anissa , Gontard Geoffrey , Dossmann Héloïse , Passador Kévin , Thorimbert Serge , Corcé Vincent , Botuha Candice
Published: March 2023

Original fluorescent dyes containing 1,6-naphthyridin-7(6H)-one have been synthesized and their optical properties have been studied.
E/Z configurational determination of oximes and related derivatives through quantum mechanics NMR calculations: scope and limitations of the leading probabilistic methods
Authors: Cortés Iván , Sarotti Ariel M.
Published: March 2023

Oximes and related derivatives featuring a CN double bond are important in many areas of chemistry.
Borane catalysis for epoxide (co)polymerization
Authors: Naumann Stefan
Published: March 2023

This review discusses the impact of borane catalysis on epoxide homo- and copolymerization, focussing on polymerization mechanisms and catalyst design.
Overexpression of ARM repeat/U-box containing E3 ligase, PUB2 positively regulates growth and oxidative stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Saini Lokesh K. , Sharma Manisha , Ravi Barkha , Ghosh Soma , Pahuja Sonam , Singh Nidhi , Pandey Girdhar K.
Published: March 2023

Plant growth and development are governed by selective protein synthesis and degradation. Ubiquitination mediated protein degradation is governed by activating enzyme E1 followed by conjugating enzyme E2 and E3 ligase. Plant Armadillo (ARM) repeat/U-box (PUB) protein family is one of the important classes of E3 ligase. We studied the function of AtPUB2 by loss-of-function (knockout and knock down mutants) and gain-of-function (CaMV 35S promoter driven overexpression lines) approach in Arabidopsis. Under normal growth condition, we observed that loss-of-function mutant plants did not show any significant difference in growth when compared with wild-type possibly due to functional redundancy between PUB2 and PUB4. However, AtPUB2-OE lines exhibit early flowering and improved vegetative growth. Also, AtPUB2-OE seedlings showed sensitive phenotype in the presence of exogenous cytokinin. We found that AtPUB2 expression is induced under oxidative stress. Subcellular localization analysis shows that AtPUB2 is predominantly localized in the nucleus. We performed the phenotypic analysis under oxidative stress condition induced by methyl viologen (MV) and observed that overexpression lines display tolerance to oxidative stress in light and dark conditions. Furthermore, we found less amount of ROS accumulation, enhanced proline accumulation and decreased levels of MDA after MV treatment in AtPUB2-OE lines. PUB2-OE lines showed enhanced oxidative stress marker genes expression. By in vitro auto-ubiquitination assay, we also show that it possesses the E3 ligase activity. Overall, our findings suggest the possible role of AtPUB2 in plants ability to tolerate oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which in turn improves ROS scavenging activity and homeostasis.
Forbidden planetesimals
Authors: Schönau L. , Teiser J. , Demirci T. , Joeris K. , Bila T. , Onyeagusi F. C. , Fritscher M. , Wurm G.
Published: March 2023

Planetesimals are born fragile and are subject to destruction by wind erosion as they move through the gas of a protoplanetary disk. In microgravity experiments, we determined the shear stress necessary for erosion of a surface consisting of 1 mm dust pebbles down to 1 Pa ambient pressure. This is directly applicable to protoplanetary disks. Even pebble pile planetesimals with low eccentricities of 0.1 cannot survive inside of 1 au in a minimum-mass solar nebula, and safe zones for planetesimals with higher eccentricities are located even farther out.
Diffuse solar coronal features and their spicular footpoints
Authors: Milanović N. , Chitta L. P. , Peter H.
Published: March 2023

Context. In addition to a component of the emission that originates from clearly distinguishable coronal loops, the solar corona also exhibits extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray ambient emission that is rather diffuse and is often considered undesirable background. Importantly, unlike the generally more structured transition region and chromosphere, the diffuse corona appears to be rather featureless.

Aims. The magnetic nature of the diffuse corona, and in particular, its footpoints in the lower atmosphere, are not well understood. We study the origin of the diffuse corona above the quiet-Sun network on supergranular scales.

Methods. We identified regions of diffuse EUV emission in the coronal images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). To investigate their connection to the lower atmosphere, we combined these SDO/AIA data with the transition region spectroscopic data from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and with the underlying surface magnetic field information from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), also on board SDO.

Results. The region of the diffuse emission is of supergranular size and persists for more than five hours, during which it shows no obvious substructure. It is associated with plasma at about 1 MK that is located within and above a magnetic canopy. The canopy is formed by unipolar magnetic footpoints that show highly structured spicule-like emission in the overlying transition region.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that the diffuse EUV emission patch forms at the base of long-ranging loops, and it overlies spicular structures in the transition region. Heated material might be supplied to it by means of spicular upflows, conduction-driven upflows from coronal heating events, or perhaps by flows originating from the farther footpoint. Therefore, the question remains open how the diffuse EUV patch might be sustained. Nevertheless, our study indicates that heated plasma trapped by long-ranging magnetic loops might substantially contribute to the featureless ambient coronal emission.
Ultra-high-resolution observations of plasmoid-mediated magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere
Authors: Rouppe van der Voort Luc H. M. , van Noort Michiel , de la Cruz Rodríguez Jaime
Published: March 2023

Context. Magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere can give rise to enhanced emission in the Balmer hydrogen lines, a phenomenon referred to as Ellerman bombs.

Aims. To effectively trace magnetic reconnection below the canopy of chromospheric fibrils, we analyzed unique spectroscopic observations of Ellerman bombs in the Hα line.

Methods. We analyzed a 10 min data set of a young emerging active region observed with the prototype of the Microlensed Hyperspectral Imager (MiHI) at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST). The MiHI instrument is an integral field spectrograph that is capable of achieving simultaneous ultra-high resolution in the spatial, temporal, and spectral domains. With the combination of the SST adaptive optics system and image restoration techniques, MiHI can deliver diffraction-limited observations if the atmospheric seeing conditions allow. The data set samples the Hα line over 4.5 Å with 10 mÅ pix−1, with 0.​​″065 pix−1 over a field of view of 8.​​″6 × 7.​​″7, and at a temporal cadence of 1.33 s. This constitutes a hyperspectral data cube that measures 132 × 118 spatial pixels, 456 spectral pixels, and 455 time steps.

Results. There were multiple sites with Ellerman bomb activity associated with strong magnetic flux emergence. The Ellerman bomb activity is very dynamic, showing rapid variability and a small-scale substructure. We found a number of plasmoid-like blobs with full-width-half-maximum sizes between 0.​​″1 and 0.​​″4 and moving with apparent velocities between 14 and 77 km s−1. Some of these blobs have Ellerman bomb spectral profiles with a single peak at a Doppler offset between 47 and 57 km s−1.

Conclusions. Our observations support the idea that fast magnetic reconnection in Ellerman bombs is mediated by the formation of plasmoids. These MiHI observations demonstrate that a microlens-based integral field spectrograph is capable of probing fundamental physical processes in the solar atmosphere.
Integration of sheep and corn in rural agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Amam Amam , Rusdiana Supardi , Maplani Maplani , Talib Chalid , Adiati Umi , Priyatno Tri Puji
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to determine the integration of sheep and corn in rural agriculture in Indonesia. The research was conducted in Serang District, Banten Province in 2021. The research respondents were sheep farmers as well as corn farmers. The number of research respondents as many as 58 people. Methods of collecting data were desk study, survey, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive and economical analysis. The results showed that the integration of sheep and corn was stated to be quite good, but it needed institutional support from farmers and the government to facilitate the development of integration of sheep and corn. The development of integration of sheep and corn is focused on meeting the needs of aqiqah and qurbani. Through this integration system, the farmer's profit is Rp. 3,415,000/sheep. The conclusion of the study is that the sheep and corn integration system is feasible for development.
The diversity of coral reefs in Kaana Waters Enggano Island, Bengkulu
Authors: Wilopo M. D. , Sari Y. P. , Utami M. A. F. , Vandana E. , Permanda E. E.
Published: March 2023

Coral reef ecosystems are among the most sophisticated and specialized in the tropics. It is distinguished by its high levels of productivity and biodiversity. Along the shore of Kaana Village, coral reef ecosystems are almost dispersed. Reef fish, sea cucumbers, and shellfish are among the coral reef-related resources utilized by the inhabitants of this settlement. This research aims to identify the community structure of the coral reefs in the surroundings of Kaana waters, Enggano Island. Additionally, this study attempts to assess coral reef coverage. This investigation was carried out in August 2021 at depths of 3 and 7 meters in Ubik, Air Baun, Kikuba, and Sawang Pari points adopting a survey method. The Line Intercept Transect observation method was analyzed to evaluate the diversity of coral reefs (55 m long). There are 45 species, which belong to 25 genera and 10 families. Kaana's coral cover falls bad to moderate (13.5 to 30.75 percent), with an average of 21.60 percent.
Growth and yield of sweet corn in response to the liquid organic fertilizer derived from Tithonia diversifolia and Ageratum conyzoides
Authors: Fadhillah I.M. , Dasumiati D. , Sudjatmiko S.
Published: March 2023

Sweet corn is a popular alternative vegetable among Indonesians. Because the majority of its growing area is alternated with other vegetable crops, a strategy for managing the source of fertilizer is required to ensure efficiency and sustainability. This research aims to determine an optimum dose of LOF derived from T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides for increasing sweet corn growth and yield. A completely randomized block design was used to set up five levels of fertilizer application: 750 mL LOF without T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides as fresh materials, 750 mL LOF, 1.500 mL LOF, 2.250 mL LOF, derived from T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides as fresh materials, and a standard dose of inorganic fertilizer. The findings revealed that LOF derived from T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides had a significant effect`on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, and ear weight, as well as on ear weight per plot. When compared to the LOF treatment without T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides, plants nutrients obtained from standard inorganic fertilizer or LOF of T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides of 2.250 mL had a higher average for all observed variables, including plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, and ear weight per plot. Based on the current research, adding liquid organic fertilizer made from T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides at a rate of 2.250 mL per plant led to the best growth and yield of sweet corn. The findings confirm the possibility of replacing inorganic fertilizer with LOF from local plants like T. diversifolia and A. conyzoides.
Performance of seedling and mixed-species planting test of three species of Rubiaceae treated by different seedling media and mycorrhizae application
Authors: Widyani N. , Sudrajat D.J. , Nurhasybi N. , Rustam E. , Suita E. , Leksono B. , Surono S.
Published: March 2023

Seedling growth in the nursery and early field performance of three fast-growing tree species from the Rubiaceae family, i.e., white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba), red jabon (Neolamarckia macrophylla, and gempol (Nauclea orientalis), were tested by using different seedling media and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatments in the nursery and mixed-species field tests. The experiment design in the nursery and field test was laid out following a split-split plot design of a randomized complete block with four replications. The main factors were tree species, the sub-factors were seedling media, and the sub-sub factors consisted of the AMF inoculation, with a mixed species planting pattern. White jabon had a more dominant growth both at the seedling level in the nursery and at the field test level until the age of 2 years, followed by gempol and red jabon. AMF inoculation in those three species at the seedling level was strongly influenced by the characteristics of the seedling media like media with high fertility levels resulting in a very low percentage of AMF colonization. In the field trial, all tree species and treatments were infected with mycorrhizae with colonization percentages ranging from 27.6% to 57.7%, which was suspected to be an infection from native AMF in the planting site. The AMF application had a significant effect on the percentage of colonization and tree diameter growth of 2-year-olds with a percentage increase of 14.4% and 8.4%, respectively.
The response of Dundubia Manifera sound effects to changes in stomata density and stomata index of water spinach as information on the rate of photosynthesis
Authors: Rahman Refpo , Salamah Umi , Fadila M. Adeng , Wibowo Risky Hadi
Published: March 2023

Sound waves are vibrations that propagate through a medium. Sound waves can be applied to agricultural land as a technology that is often called Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (PAFT). This technology is applied to agricultural land by using sound that has been manipulated with a certain frequency. This study aims to provide the sound effect of Dundubia Manifera to determine the effect on stomatal density and stomatal index. This sound has been manipulated using Adobe Audition CS6 to be 4000 Hz which will be applied 30 minutes for 28 days. The results show that stomatal density and stomata index are affected by exposure to sound waves. In which, stomatal density was reduced by 89% with control plants (97,506 /mm2) and treatment plants (51,428 /mm2). Meanwhile, the stomatal index increased by 41% with control plants (0.194 m) and treatment plants (0.274 m). These results indicate that stomata have a very good impact on plants such as increasing the rate of photosynthesis, plant immune systems, surviving climate change, and increasing crop yields.
Physical, chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of flavor seasoning combination of palm mushroom (volvariella volvacea) and snakehead fish (channa striata) with drying temperature variation
Authors: Ramdani H.N. , Yuwana Y. , Budiyanto Budiyanto
Published: March 2023

The delicacy of food can be improved by employing flavor seasoning addition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the material combination of oil palm mushrooms and snakehead fish and the drying temperature variation on the flavor seasonings' physical, chemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the ratio of oil palm mushrooms and snakehead fish of 25%: 75%, 50%: %, 75%: 25% and the second factor was drying temperatures of 50ºC and 60ºC. The ANOVA and DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) tests were used to analyze the quantitative parameters while the Friedman test was utilized to analyze the qualitative parameters. The results of the research on the material comparison factor significantly affected the solubility, protein content, glutamic acid, and organoleptic. No significant effect on water and salt content. While the temperature factor significantly affects the solubility, protein, and organoleptic. No significant effect on water content, glutamic acid, and salt. The microbiological test has met the requirements of SNI. The panelists preferred the flavor seasonings of the material combination of 75% palm oil mushroom and 25% snakehead fish dried at a temperature of 60ºC characterized by a water content of 2.71%, a solubility of 72.67%, protein of 22.47%, acid glutamic acid of 8.60%, salt content 2.72%, total plate number 0.81 x 10³ colony/g, coliform <3 APM/g and yeast of 0.65 x 10³ colony/g and the average panelists' preference’s score of 3.64.
Effect customer behaviour in online food purchasing on customer perceptions of the existence of online food marketing for sustainable food security in Pekanbaru municipality
Authors: Yolanda Anne Mudya , Septya Fanny , Andriani Yulia
Published: March 2023

Pandemic COVID 19 and the digitalization era had changed consumer preference for food purchasing from offline to online. So, online food marketing was alternative food access in order to support food security. This research aimed to analyse the effect of customer behaviour in food online purchasing on customer perceptions of online food marketing of the existence of online food marketing for sustainable food security in Pekanbaru City using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). SEM is a combination of factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, was used to explain the relationships between multiple variables. Using this, the indirect effect of indicators on each variable could also be investigated. The data used in this study were obtained through the purposive sampling of 100 customers who met the criteria of having shopped for food online at least twice, being of productive age (18-25 years), being married, and residing in Pekanbaru. Customer behaviour was measured by five indicators: Online Shopping Attitudes, Perceptions of Ease of Shopping, Quality of Service, Products, and Prices, whilst the perception was evaluated by three indicators: Food Availability, Food Access, and Food Utilization. With a 5% significance level, it could be concluded that the Perceptions of the Ease of Shopping, Products, and Prices have an impact on customer perception.
Comparative study of chemical quality and sensory attributes of top brand cooking oils in Indonesia
Authors: Destiana I.D. , Safitri L.S.
Published: March 2023

Cooking oil is one of the food products that are the basic needs of people in Indonesia. To maintain the quality of cooking oil, the government has issued a regulation that requires cooking oil to use in packaging. For four consecutive years (2019 – 2022), there have been three brands of packaged cooking oil with the highest Top Brand Index (TBI), namely A, B, and C brands. However, whether this is in line with chemical qualities and people's preferences regarding sensory attributes needs to be explored. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical qualities of 3 cooking oils based on TBI and to find out the ranking of brands based on the sensory attributes of these cooking oils according to the people in Subang. It tested the quality of palm cooking oil based on SNI 7709:2019 with water and volatile matter, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, vitamin A, and pelican oil. Parameters in the ranking test are color, clarity, odor, and texture of packaged palm cooking oil. Order of TBI-based palm cooking oil brands according to chemical quality. The First Rank A brand has the lowest value of water content and volatile matter (0.028%), free fatty acids (0.009%) and peroxide value (0.1 Mek O2/kg), as well as vitamin A content (61.2 IU/g) and negative results for pelican oil. Ranking test results with respondents in Subang showed that the 1-3 brand ranks were C, B, and A-brands. The preference rating for cooking oil in Subang is inversely proportional to TBI and its chemical quality.