bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Quality Assessment for Arbitrary Translational 6DoF Video: Subjective Quality Database and Objective Assessment Metric
Authors: Jin Chongchong , Chen Yeyao
Published: January 2025

Arbitrary translational Six Degrees of Freedom (6DoF) video represents a transitional stage towards immersive terminal videos, allowing users to freely switch viewpoints for a 3D scene experience. However, the increased freedom of movement introduces new distortions that significantly impact human visual perception quality. Therefore, it is crucial to explore quality assessment (QA) to validate its application feasibility. In this study, we conduct subjective and objective QAs of arbitrary translational 6DoF videos. Subjectively, we establish an arbitrary translational 6DoF synthesized video quality database, specifically exploring path navigation in 3D space, which has often been limited to planar navigation in previous studies. We simulate path navigation distortion, rendering distortion, and compression distortion to create a subjective QA database. Objectively, based on the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of various distortions, we propose a no-reference video quality assessment (VQA) metric for arbitrary translational 6DoF videos. The experimental results on the established subjective dataset fully demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed objective method.
Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors from Pharmaceutical Wastes: Advancing Energy-Efficient Chemistry with Green Solutions
Authors: Raghavendra Narasimha , Chapi Sharanappa , M. V. Murugendrappa , Pawlak Małgorzata , Saeb Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

Pharmaceutical waste is a type of bio-waste inevitably generated by the pharmaceutical industry, often due to regulatory changes, product deterioration, or expiration. However, their collection and valorization can be approached from a sustainable perspective, offering potential energy-efficient solutions. In this work, the expired Eslicarbazepine acetate drug (ESLD) was utilized as a sustainable anticorrosive agent against mild steel in a 3 M HCl wash solution. Experimental tests combined with theoretical Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations revealed the corrosion inhibition potential of ESLD. The gasometrical results revealed a high inhibition efficiency rate of 98% upon increases in concentration of expired ESLD from 0.25 to 1.00 mg·L−1, whereas hydrogen gas evolution decreased to 0.7 mL. An impedance investigation evidenced the pivotal role of charge transfer in reducing the disintegration process. As per DFT computations and MC simulation, electron-rich elements in the expired ESLD were key in controlling the dissolution through the adsorption process. Contact angle studies revealed that the increment in the contact angle from 61° to 80° in the presence of expired ESLD validates the chemical, electrochemical, and computational results. This approach not only mitigates pharmaceutical pollution, but also exemplifies the integration of green chemistry principles into corrosion protection, contributing to energy-efficient and sustainable industrial practices.
On Edge-Fog-Cloud Collaboration and Reaping Its Benefits: A Heterogeneous Multi-Tier Edge Computing Architecture
Authors: Fernando Niroshinie , Shrestha Samir , Loke Seng W. , Lee Kevin
Published: January 2025

Edge, fog, and cloud computing provide complementary capabilities to enable distributed processing of IoT data. This requires offloading mechanisms, decision-making mechanisms, support for the dynamic availability of resources, and the cooperation of available nodes. This paper proposes a novel 3-tier architecture that integrates edge, fog, and cloud computing to harness their collective strengths, facilitating optimised data processing across these tiers. Our approach optimises performance, reducing energy consumption, and lowers costs. We evaluate our architecture through a series of experiments conducted on a purpose-built testbed. The results demonstrate significant improvements, with speedups of up to 7.5 times and energy savings reaching 80%, underlining the effectiveness and practical benefits of our cooperative edge-fog-cloud model in supporting the dynamic computational needs of IoT ecosystems. We argue that a multi-tier (e.g., edge-fog-cloud) dynamic task offloading and management of heterogeneous devices will be key to flexible edge computing, and that the advantage of task relocation and offloading is not straightforward but depends on the configuration of devices and relative device capabilities.
Development of Acoustic Insulating Carpets from Milkweed Fibers Using Air-Laid Spike Process
Authors: Lupescu Deborah , Robert Mathieu , Elkoun Said
Published: January 2025

Fibers from milkweed, which grows in Quebec (Canada), offer a distinct and outstanding advantage compared to other natural fibers: their ultra-lightweight hollow structure provides excellent acoustic and thermal insulation properties for the automobile industry. To highlight the properties of milkweed fibers and reduce the use of synthetic materials in vehicles, nonwoven carpeting made from a blend of milkweed fibers and polylactic acid (PLA) fibers was produced using the air-laid process. Some of the nonwovens were compressed to investigate the effects of increased mass per unit area on their thermal, acoustic, and mechanical properties. The nonwovens’ mass per unit area, thermal insulation, sound absorption coefficient, airflow resistivity, compression, and resistance to moisture were evaluated and compared to other carpets made of natural and synthetic fibers. The findings indicate that milkweed and PLA carpets have lower thermal conductivity values of 37.45 (mW/m·K), (mW/m·K) less than carpets made from cotton and polypropylene. At low frequencies, none of the carpets absorbed sound. At high frequencies, milkweed and PLA carpets showed sound absorption values of at least 0.6, which provide better acoustic insulation than nonwoven materials made from jute and polyethylene (PE) fibers. Milkweed and PLA carpets exhibited better compression values than polypropylene (PP) carpets.
Study on Fermentation Preparation, Stability, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Tomato Pomace Peptide
Authors: Mu Ying , Maimaitiyiming Ruxianguli , Hong Jingyang , Wang Yu , Zhao Yao , Liu Ruoqing , Wang Liang , Chen Keping , Aihaiti Aihemaitijiang
Published: January 2025

The substantial quantity of discarded tomato pomace (TP) results in the waste of valuable resources. This study utilizes these tomato by-products by mixing them with water in a specific proportion and fermenting the mixture in two stages: first with yeast, and then with lactic acid bacteria. The most suitable microbial strains for TP fermentation were identified by evaluating parameters such as peptide content, degree of hydrolysis, and gel electrophoresis analysis. Subsequently, tomato pomace peptides (TPPs) were separated into peptides of different molecular weights using ultrafiltration. The IC50 values, ACE inhibitory activities, and in vitro stability of these peptides were compared, and their secondary structures and microstructures were characterized. The results indicated that the soluble protein concentration increased from 26.25 mg/g to 39.03 mg/g after 32 h of fermentation with strain RV171. After an additional 32 h of fermentation with Bifidobacterium thermophilum, the peptide content reached 49.18 ± 0.43%. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis showed that the TPP molecular weights were predominantly below 10 kDa. The IC50 results demonstrated that fractions with smaller molecular weights exhibited greater ACE inhibitory activities. Structural analysis confirmed that the TP hydrolysate was indeed a peptide.
Enhancing Beef Hamburger Quality: A Comprehensive Review of Quality Parameters, Preservatives, and Nanoencapsulation Technologies of Essential and Edible Oils
Authors: Oliveira Tainara Santos , Almeida Rogeria Comastri de Castro , Silva Vanessa de Lima , Ribeiro Cláudio Vaz Di Mambro , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , Ferreira Ribeiro Camila Duarte
Published: January 2025

Essential and edible oils have applications in reducing oxidative processes and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in meats and their derivatives, providing a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. This preservative action meets the demand for clean labels and safe products, aiming to replace synthetic additives that pose potential health risks. Advances and limitations in applying essential and edible oils in meat preservation, highlighting their preservative properties or ability to improve nutritional profiles, are explored in this study. Despite the benefits, the direct application of oils faces limitations such as low solubility and sensory impact, which can be overcome by nanotechnology, including association with biopolymeric matrices, focusing on the protection of bioactive compounds and enhancing the functionality of natural oils in food systems. This approach is essential for innovation in food preservation, promoting safety and sustainability in the meat sector, and following consumer expectations and food safety guidelines. Studies suggest that by combining the functional benefits of essential and edible oils associated with nanotechnology, there can be significant contributions to innovation and sustainability in the meat sector, promoting natural preservation and meeting market regulations and expectations.
Enhanced Peelability and Quality of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment
Authors: Park Gyeong-Seo , Seo Hyeon , Lee Han-Baek , Lee Ji-Won , Shahbaz Hafiz Muhammad , Jeong Se-Ho , Lee Dong-Un
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the peeling efficiency and textural properties of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp samples were treated at field strengths of 0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kV/cm to assess PEF impact on peeling force, incomplete peeling percentage, and texture profile. The results showed that PEF treatment significantly reduced the peeling force from 50.88 N in controls to 42.99 N at 2.0 kV/cm, while the percentage of incompletely peeled shrimp decreased from 27.5% to 15.9%. Texture profile analysis indicated that PEF treatment had no impact on the key properties of hardness and chewiness (no significant difference), with a reduction in springiness observed at higher field strengths. Improvements in peelability are attributed to electroporation, which disrupts collagen in the connective tissue between the shrimp shell and muscle. These findings indicate that PEF treatment is an efficient, non-thermal method for enhancing shrimp peeling processes while preserving textural integrity. PEF technology offers a promising alternative to traditional mechanical and thermal methods in the seafood processing industry.
The Effects of Cold-Plasma Technology on the Quality Properties of Fresh-Cut Produce: A Review
Authors: Li Yuanpeng , Huang Xinmeng , Yang Yuting , Mulati Ailikemu , Hong Jingyang , Wang Jiayi
Published: January 2025

With improving economic conditions, consumer demand for fresh-cut produce is rising. The development of the fresh-cut industry has been hindered by pathogenic contamination and quality deterioration. Scientific communities have developed novel preservation technologies for fresh-cut produce. As an innovative non-thermal processing method, cold plasma effectively preserves the nutritional value and inactivates pathogens in fresh-cut produce. This review delineates the principles of cold-plasma generation and concludes with the primary factors influencing its efficacy. These factors include the specifications and parameters of the equipment utilized, the properties of the conductive gas utilized, the method of treatment, and the intrinsic properties of a sample subjected to treatment. Furthermore, this review delineates various scenarios for cold-plasma applications. This review focuses on its effects on enzymatic activities (including peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and pectin methylesterase), pathogenic microorganisms, and nutritional value. This review concludes with the potential application of cold-plasma technology in the processing of fresh-cut products. This study proposes advancing plasma technology in fresh-cut produce processing by (1) optimizing cold-plasma parameters for diverse fruit and vegetable varieties and (2) scaling up to facilitate industrial application.
An Upcycling Approach from Fruit Processing By-Products: Flour for Use in Food Products
Authors: Benvenutti Laís , Moura Fernanda Moreira , Zanghelini Gabriela , Barrera Cristina , Seguí Lucía , Zielinski Acácio Antonio Ferreira
Published: January 2025

The growing global population has led to increased food consumption and a significant amount of food waste, including the non-consumed parts of fruits (e.g., stems, rinds, peels, seeds). Despite their nutrient richness, these by-products are often discarded. With the rising interest in nutrient-dense foods for health benefits, fruit by-products have potential as nutritious ingredients. Upcycling, which repurposes waste materials, is one solution. White flour, which is common in food products like bread and pasta, has good functional properties but poor nutritional value. This can be enhanced by blending white flour with fruit by-product flours, creating functional, nutrient-rich mixtures. This review explores using flours from common Brazilian fruit by-products (e.g., jaboticaba, avocado, guava, mango, banana, jackfruit, orange, pineapple, and passion fruit) and their nutritional, physical–chemical properties, quality and safety, and applications. Partially replacing wheat flour with fruit flour improves its nutritional value, increasing the amount of fiber, protein, and carbohydrates present in it. However, higher substitution levels can alter color and flavor, impacting the sensory appeal and acceptability. While studies showed the potential of fruit by-product flours in food formulation, there is limited research on their long-term health impacts.
Fish-Tail Structured Fractal Monopole Printed Antenna with Dual Broadband Characteristics for Sub–6GHz 5G and X–Band Radar Applications
Authors: Yaminisasi Guntamukkala , Pardhasaradhi Pokkunuri , Prasad Nagandla , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani , Algarni Abeer D. , Das Sudipta , El Ghzaoui Mohammed
Published: January 2025

This article presents a printed antenna, designed with a fractal-shaped patch with fish-tail structured outer edges, a tapered feedline, and a rectangular notch-based defected partial ground structure (DPGS). The presented design has been printed on a FR-4 substrate, which has a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.035. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 24 × 40 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed fractal antenna achieved dual broad-band functionality by maintaining the compact size of the radiator. The designed fractal radiator can operate at three distinct resonant frequencies (3.22, 7.64, and 9.41 GHz), covering two distinct frequency bands, extending from 2.5 to 4.2 GHz and 7 to 9.8 GHz. A thorough parametric analysis has been carried out using CST Studio suite 2019 licensed version to achieve better performance in terms of S11 (dB), radiation efficiency, and gain over the operating frequency range. The operating bands fall within the S, C, and X bands to support sub-6GHz 5G and Radar applications at the microwave frequency range.
Three Stages in Evolution of the Object Th4-4
Authors: Kondratyeva Lyudmila , Denissyuk Eduard , Shomshekova Saule , Reva Inna , Aimanova Gauhar , Krugov Maxim
Published: January 2025

The results of observations of the object Th4-4 in 1970–2024 showed that during this period the object went through several stages, when its characteristics corresponded to different classes of objects: Be star, symbiotic star and planetary nebula. Currently, the object appears to be a low-excitation planetary nebula.
Evaluating Consolidation Behaviors in High Water Content Oil Sands Tailings Using a Centrifuge
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , Beier Nicholas A. , Kaminsky Heather
Published: January 2025

The composition of oil sands tailings is a complex mixture of water, fine clay, sand, silt, and residual bitumen that remains after the extraction of bitumen. Effective tailings disposal management requires an understanding of the mechanisms controlling water movement, surface settlement rates and extents (hydraulic conductivity and compressibility), and strength variation with depth. This investigation examines the self-weight consolidation behavior of oil sands tailings, typically assessed by utilizing large strain consolidation (LSC) methods such as the multi-step large strain consolidation (MLSC) test and seepage-induced consolidation test (SICT). These methods, however, are time consuming and often take weeks or years to complete. As an alternative, centrifuge testing, including both geotechnical beam type and benchtop devices, was utilized to evaluate the consolidation behaviors of three untreated high water content oil sands tailing slurries: two high-plasticity fluid fine tailing (FFT) samples and one low plasticity FFT. The centrifuge-derived compressibility data closely matched the LSC testing compressibility data within the centrifuge stress range. However, the hydraulic conductivity obtained from centrifuge testing was up to an order of magnitude higher than the LSC test results. Comparing centrifuge and large strain modeling results indicates that centrifuge test data demonstrate average void ratios 10–33% lower than those predicted by simulations using LSC parameters, highlighting a notable deviation. To examine the scale effect on result accuracy, validation tests indicated that the benchtop centrifuge (BTC) yielded comparable results to the geotechnical beam centrifuge (GBC) for the same prototype, saving time, resources, and sample volumes in the assessment of tailings consolidation behavior. These tests concluded that the small radius of the benchtop centrifuge had a minimal impact on the results.
Urban Landscapes: Turfgrass Benefits
Authors: Lindsey Alex J. , Schiavon Marco , Unruh J. Bryan , Kenworthy Kevin
Published: January 2025

Recently, turfgrass has received scrutiny from the public in many parts of the United States due to the misconception that it has limited benefits and has negative impacts on the environment. These negative impacts are often associated with water and chemical usage during turfgrass maintenance. Even with these ill-advised concerns, turfgrass remains an important component of urban landscapes. Contrary to public opinion, turfgrass has numerous environmental, ecological, economical, social, and societal benefits. This review paper summarizes and highlights the benefits of turfgrass systems.
Comorbidity of Histamine Intolerance and Polyvalent Allergy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wojas Oksana , Krzych-Fałta Edyta , Pihowicz Paweł , Żybul Paulina , Szylling Anna , Samoliński Bolesław
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Histamine intolerance is becoming a critical medical problem across numerous clinical specialties, due to the absence of a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to manage patients with a suspicion of or diagnosis of this condition. Histamine intolerance is a type of non-immune food hypersensitivity, characterized by heterogenous etiologies and a very broad range of symptoms. The condition is the result of an imbalance between the amount of histamine accumulated within the body and the body’s systemic ability to degrade it. In regard to the diagnostics of histamine intolerance, the need to preliminarily exclude other potential conditions associated with increased histamine levels in the blood has been highlighted. The co-occurrence of allergies and histamine intolerance is not uncommon, and the similarity of the clinical manifestations can lead to diagnostic, as well as therapeutic, difficulties. This paper details the diagnostic and clinical workflow for a patient with histamine intolerance and polyvalent allergy comorbidity, with the aim being to help outline a protocol that may be helpful to clinicians managing patients with histamine intolerance. Case Presentation: This article presents the case of a 30-year-old patient with a polyvalent allergy and multimorbidity (allergic rhinitis, asthma, a food allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis), with comorbid histamine intolerance. Due to the violent and severe symptoms, including facial erythema, urticaria, pruritus, abdominal pain, and tachycardia, experienced after meals, the patient received intramuscular epinephrine injections three times a week. The diagnostic protocol and the course of therapeutic management are presented. Conclusions: The diagnosis of histamine intolerance is difficult due to the high variability and heterogeneity of clinical symptoms in individual patients. Many studies on the issue recommend ruling out an allergic background in terms of the complaint. However, the possibility of the symptoms of an IgE-dependent allergy overlapping with those of histamine intolerance should be taken into account in every case. This is particularly important in patients presenting with an atypical and severe course of allergic diseases. The clinical case presented herein may be helpful for the daily practice of allergologists and physicians with other specialties, as an example of multimorbidity with both allergic and non-allergic backgrounds.
Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Real-Life Experience Using a New In-Line Method
Authors: De Fusco Giulia , Gessoni Gianluca
Published: January 2025

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) consists of the collection of a patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) that, after incubation with a photosensitive molecule, are exposed to ultraviolet-A (UVA) and then reinfused into the patient. There are two methods for performing the ECP procedure: the “in-line” methods and the “off-line” methods. In the “in-line” method, all the phases of ECP (leukapheresis, photoactivation, and reinfusion) are achieved sequentially in extracorporeal circulation using a single instrument and a single sterile disposable kit without disconnection from the patient’s blood circulation. In this paper, we report our real-life experience with a recently licensed in-line ECP system proposed by Fresenius-Kabi. Methods: The ECP procedures (n = 211) were performed using an Amicus cell separator and a Phelix UV irradiator with Amicus software 4.51 and Phelix software 1.0. A targeted 2000 mL of whole blood (WB) was processed, and 1.5 J/cm2 of UVA light was delivered to the collected mononuclear cells (MNCs). Results: From May 2023 to April 2024, we performed 211 ECP procedures in 11 patients with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The processed blood volume was between 1992 and 2000 mL, and the blood flow speed during the procedures was highly variable (from 30 to 50 mL/min), so the total duration of the procedure was quite variable (from 92 to 118 min). The collection efficiency (CE2) for mononuclear cells was always satisfactory (from 55% to 73%), with a minimal presence of RBCs and PLTs. Conclusions: In our experience, the Amicus system-based ECP procedure is safe and well tolerated as we observed only one side effect. The duration of the procedure was always under two hours. The collection efficiency (CE2) for MNCs was satisfactory, with minimal platelet and RBC product contamination.
A SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNA Gene Isolated from Watermelon (ClSAUR1) Positively Modulates the Chilling Stress Response in Tobacco via Multiple Signaling Pathways
Authors: Wang Duo , Ma Gangli , Shen Jia , Xu Xinyang , Shou Weisong , Xuan Zhengying , He Yanjun
Published: January 2025

SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNA (SAURs) genes are acknowledged as auxin-responsive genes that play crucial roles in modulating adaptive growth under abiotic stress conditions. Low temperatures constitute a primary limiting factor that significantly impairs the development, growth, and fruit quality of watermelon plants during the winter and spring seasons. Despite their potential importance, SAURs have not yet been thoroughly investigated or characterized in watermelon. In this study, we identified a positive regulator of the chilling stress response among watermelon SAURs, designated as ClSAUR1. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that the protein is directed to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that ClSAUR1 is ubiquitously expressed across various watermelon tissues, with pronounced expression in the roots and leaves. Moreover, qRT-PCR and promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining assays revealed that the expression of ClSAUR1 is significantly upregulated in response to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and chilling stress. The overexpression of ClSAUR1 in tobacco lines was contrasted and analyzed, revealing an increased tolerance to chilling stress. This was evidenced by a reduced degree of wilting and chlorosis compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, the overexpressed lines showed reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. The qRT-PCR results further indicated that the expression levels of genes associated with abscisic acid (ABA), antioxidant enzymes, and CBF–COR cold-responsive pathways were upregulated in the transgenic tobacco lines. This study provides new insights into the role of ClSAURs in enhancing the cold resistance of watermelon.
Emotional State as a Key Driver of Public Preferences for Flower Color
Authors: She Juan , Wu Renwu , Pi Bingling , Huang Jie , Bao Zhiyi
Published: January 2025

Flowers, as integral elements of urban landscapes, are critical not only for aesthetic purposes but also for fostering human–nature interactions in green spaces. However, research on flower color preferences has largely been descriptive, and there is a lack of exploration of potential mechanisms influencing flower color preferences, such as economic and social factors. This study created visual samples through precise color adjustment techniques and introduced the L*, a*, and b* parameters from the CIELAB color system to quantify the flower colors of the survey samples, conducting an online survey with 354 Chinese residents. The complex aesthetic process’s driving factors were unveiled through a comprehensive analysis using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), a piecewise Structural Equation Model (SEM), and linear regression models. The results show that the public’s flower color preference is primarily related to the a* and b* parameters, which represent color dimensions in the CIELAB color space, and it is not significantly related to L* (lightness). Factors such as age, annual household income level (AI), personal income sources (PI), nature experience, and emotional state (TMD) significantly influence color preferences, with emotional state identified as the most critical factor. Lastly, linear regression models further explain the potential mechanism of the influencing factors. This study proposes a framework to assist urban planners in selecting flower colors that resonate with diverse populations, enhancing both the attractiveness of urban green spaces and their potential to promote pro-environmental behavior. By aligning flower color design with public preferences, this study contributes to sustainable urban planning practices aimed at improving human well-being and fostering deeper connections with nature.
Strawberry Germplasm Influences Fruit Physicochemical Composition More than Harvest Date or Location
Authors: Haynes Brianna , Fernandez Gina , Ma Guoying , Chen Hsuan , Perkins-Veazie Penelope
Published: January 2025

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) are highly valued for their colorful fruit and flavorful taste. Anthocyanins provide much of the red fruit color, and the flavor is highly affected by soluble sugars and non-volatile organic acids. These fruit composition parameters impact consumer decisions. In this study, strawberry fruits from 17 commercial cultivars and advanced selections were collected weekly from replicated trials at three locations in North Carolina. The relative effects of the location and germplasm on fruit composition were determined, including the soluble solid concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (Tacid), and total anthocyanin content (TAC). The breeding criteria of at least 8.0% SSC and 0.80% Tacid were met by eight and six genotypes, respectively and five of these met both criteria. The fruit TAC ranged from 24.0 to 45.7 mg pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G) equivalents/100 g FWT. P3G was the dominant pigment in all genotypes, followed by pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (P3R). As harvest dates advanced, pH, TAC, P3G, P3R, and pelargonidin-3-O-(6″-malonylglucoside) (P3MG) generally decreased, while Tacid, SSC, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) increased. Composition of field-grown strawberries in this mid-Atlantic location were more influenced by the genotype and harvest date than by the growing location.
Application of RNA-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Fusion Assay for Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Fei Fei , Telatar Milhan , Tomasian Vanina , Chang Lisa , Gust Mariel , Yew Hooi , Dyer Tamerisa , Danilova Olga , Arias-Stella Javier , Pillai Raju , Aldoss Ibrahim , Stewart F. Marc , Becker Pamela S. , Pullarkat Vinod , Marcucci Guido , Afkhami Michelle
Published: January 2025

Recurrent fusions drive the pathogenesis of many hematological malignancies. Compared to routine cytogenetic/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies, the RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) fusion assay enables the identification of both known and novel fusions. In many cases, these recurrent fusions are crucial for diagnosis and are associated with prognosis, relapse prediction, and therapeutic options. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of the RNA-based NGS fusion assay in hematological malignancies. Our study included 3101 cases with available fusion results, and a fusion event was identified in 17.6% of cases. The discordant rate between the RNA-based NGS fusion assay and cytogenetic/FISH studies was 36.3%. Further analysis of discordant cases indicated that, compared to cytogenetic/FISH studies, the RNA-based NGS fusion assay significantly improved the identification of cryptic fusion genes, such as NUP98::NSD1, P2RY8::CRLF2, and KMT2A fusions involving different partners. Additionally, our study identified 24 novel fusions and 16 cases with the simultaneous presence of two fusions. These additional findings from the RNA-based NGS fusion assay resulted in improved risk stratification, disease targeting and monitoring. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of an RNA-based NGS fusion assay for patients with hematological malignancies, suggesting that it may be essential for the routine clinical workup of these patients.
A Multi-Omics Analysis of a Mitophagy-Related Signature in Pan-Cancer
Authors: Agir Nora , Georgakopoulos-Soares Ilias , Zaravinos Apostolos
Published: January 2025

Mitophagy, an essential process within cellular autophagy, has a critical role in regulating key cellular functions such as reproduction, metabolism, and apoptosis. Its involvement in tumor development is complex and influenced by the cellular environment. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of a mitophagy-related gene signature, composed of PRKN, PINK1, MAP1LC3A, SRC, BNIP3L, BECN1, and OPTN, across various cancer types, revealing significant differential expression patterns associated with molecular subtypes, stages, and patient outcomes. Pathway analysis revealed a complex interplay between the expression of the signature and potential effects on the activity of various cancer-related pathways in pan-cancer. Immune infiltration analysis linked the mitophagy signature with certain immune cell types, particularly OPTN with immune infiltration in melanoma. Methylation patterns correlated with gene expression and immune infiltration. Mutation analysis also showed frequent alterations in PRKN (34%), OPTN (21%), PINK1 (28%), and SRC (15%), with implications for the tumor microenvironment. We also found various correlations between the expression of the mitophagy-related genes and sensitivity in different drugs, suggesting that targeting this signature could improve therapy efficacy. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of mitophagy in cancer biology and drug resistance, as well as its potential for informing treatment strategies.
Evaluation of a Simple Antibiotic-Free Cryopreservation Protocol for Drone Semen
Authors: Egyptien Sophie , Ponthier Jérôme , Ectors Fabien , Thibaut Brice , Deleuze Stéfan
Published: January 2025

The increasing reliance of modern agriculture on honey bee (Apis mellifera) pollination has driven efforts to preserve and enhance bee populations. The cryopreservation of drone semen presents a promising solution for preserving genetic diversity and supporting breeding programs without live animal transport risks. This study aimed to evaluate a one-step dilution antibiotic-free drone semen slow-freezing protocol under field conditions with in vitro and in vivo parameters. Semen viability was tested by two different mixes of dyes, and both techniques gave similar results, showing a post-thaw viability drop of 37%. Virgin queens were inseminated either with fresh or frozen–thawed semen. Survival rates until egg-laying onset and female brood production were similar for both groups; however, colonies with queens inseminated with fresh semen were more likely to go into wintering. Results suggest that frozen–thawed semen can support viable queen insemination, with potential for female brood production even without antibiotics in the diluent. This study highlights the need for further refinement of cryopreservation protocols, particularly regarding semen quality and queen longevity, to improve the feasibility of cryobanking for Apis mellifera conservation and breeding.
25-Year Comparison of Coronary Lesions Anatomy in Two Cohorts of French Canadians with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Lauziere Alex , Brisson Diane , Tremblay Gérald , Bedard Sophie , Khoury Etienne , Gaudet Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background: Over the past decades, new treatments and guidelines have been introduced for the screening and management of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). However, the impact of these medical and scientific advances on the characteristics and burden of coronary lesions over time in FH remains poorly documented. Objective: The primary goal of this study is to determine the characteristics of coronary lesions in HeFH patients who underwent coronary angiography within two distinct timeframes: the last five years versus those who had the procedure at the same hospital 25 years earlier. Methods: The characteristics of coronary lesions in 108 HeFH patients who consecutively underwent coronary angiography for CAD between 2017 and 2022 (2022 cohort) were compared to those of 240 patients who had an angiography between 1995 and 1998 (1998 cohort). Results: Compared to 1998, FH patients requiring coronary angiography were proportionally less numerous and significantly older in 2022 (p < 0.001). Although the number of coronary lesions (2.5 ± 1.5 in both cohorts) and the proportions of multi-vessel (70.4% vs. 70.2%), three-vessel (29.6% vs. 30.2%) and left main involvement (15.7% vs. 16.0%) did not differ significantly in 2022 compared to 1998, proximal involvement (57.7% vs. 79.5%) and total occlusion (26.8% vs. 52.7%) were less frequently observed in 2022 (p < 0.001) and referral to bypass grafting (CABG) decreased by >50% from 1998 to 2022 (15.5% vs. 39.8% p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over a 25-year period, the incidence of total coronary artery occlusion and the need for CABG among adults with FH from a high-prevalence founder population were reduced by more than 50% and occurred in older ages. However, the absence of major improvement of coronary anatomy severity underscores the persistently high cardiovascular risk in FH patients.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Application of T-PEP in the Therapeutic Management of COPD Patients
Authors: Sepiacci Arianna , Starc Nadia , Laitano Rossella , Pasqua Franco , Rogliani Paola , Ora Josuel
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) that exacerbates airway obstruction and accelerates disease progression. Effective airway clearance techniques are essential to improve respiratory function and reduce exacerbations. Temporary Positive Expiratory Pressure (T-PEP) is a novel airway clearance device that has shown promise in managing COPD. Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of T-PEP in a standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in the MEDLINE and PEDro databases. Data from 162 subjects, including those with severe COPD and bronchiectasis, were analyzed. Key outcomes assessed were changes in lung function (FVC, FEV1, TLC), inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP), gas exchange (PaO2, PaCO2), exercise capacity (6MWT), symptom severity (mMRC, CAT, BCSS), and exacerbation rates. Results: T-PEP significantly improved FVC, FEV1, TLC, MIP, MEP, and DLCO compared to baseline, with heterogeneity noted across studies. Improvements in gas exchange and physical capacity were observed, with PaO2 increasing and PaCO2 decreasing. T-PEP also reduced symptoms of cough and dyspnea, improving quality-of-life scores. Additionally, a notable reduction in acute exacerbations of COPD was seen after one month and three months of treatment. Conclusions: T-PEP therapy shows substantial benefits in improving lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life while reducing exacerbation rates in COPD patients. Although promising, these findings require further confirmation through randomized clinical trials to establish the optimal application of T-PEP in various clinical settings and patient phenotypes.
Quality Improvement of Polycarbonate Medical Device by Moldex3D and Taguchi DOE
Authors: Saha Upoma , Mokhtar Wael
Published: January 2025

Incorporating a new design combined with a thermoplastic material without having a prior process database may cause numerous defects in the molded part. Along with the initial setup cost, the scrape due to defects can add additional costs to the production. To address such issues, the numerical analysis tool Moldex3D was used to conduct simulations, and Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) was performed to optimize the process parameters. For this study, a classic medical device like the safety goggle model has been chosen as a subject. An amorphous material, polycarbonate, was used because of its transparent and significant thermal properties. The most influential defects, like the warpage and short shot, needed to be addressed together. Process parameters like melt temperature, injection speed, coolant temperature, and packing pressure were considered to address those defects. The goal of this work was to improve both warpage and short-shot defects at the same time using the same combination of process parameters. By performing the simulation and statistical analysis method, 25% of warpage defects had been reduced in the molded part. A total of 2.3% of any potential short-shot defect reduction was recorded. Additionally, 300 °C melt temperature, 80 mm/s injection speed, 10 MPa packing pressure, and 100 °C coolant temperature were the best combinations for the part that had uneven thickness and narrow flow channels. The combinations to reduce potential short shots were 280 °C melt temperature, 40 mm/s injection speed, 10 MPa packing pressure, and 90 °C coolant temperature. Moreover, packing pressure for the warpage and melt temperature for the short shots were the most significant factors of all.
Prior Knowledge-Based Two-Layer Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Ship Hybrid Power System
Authors: Liu Lin , Yang Xiangguo , Li Xin , Zhou Xingwei , Wang Yufan , Tang Telu , Song Qijia , Liu Yifan
Published: January 2025

Implementing energy management is crucial in the fuel cell and battery or supercapacitor hybrid energy systems of ships. Traditional real-time energy management strategies often struggle to adapt to complex operating conditions; to address this issue and mitigate fuel cell fluctuations during real-time operations while extending the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries, this paper proposes a two-layer energy management system (EMS) based on prior knowledge of ship operation. In the first layer of the EMS, which operates offline, dynamic programming (DP) and low-pass filtering (LPF) are used to allocate power optimally for different typical ship operating conditions. Distribution results are then used to train an SSA-BP neural network, creating an offline strategy library. In the second layer, operating in real-time, the current load power is input into a support vector machine (SVM) to classify the current operating condition. The corresponding strategy from the offline library is then selected and used to provide energy distribution recommendations based on the real-time load and the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The proposed EMS was validated using different ship load cycles. The results demonstrate that, compared to second-order filtering-based real-time energy management strategies, the proposed method reduces fuel cell power fluctuations by 44% and decreases lithium-ion battery degradation by 28%. Furthermore, the simulation results closely align with the offline optimization results, indicating that the proposed strategy achieves near-optimal energy management in real-time ship operations with minimal computational overhead.
Verification of Interaction Between Cl− Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete
Authors: Zhang Maohua , Du Lin , Xu Ronghua
Published: January 2025

Marine concrete frequently experiences performance degradation due to the combined effects of chloride ion (Cl−) erosion and carbonation. While many studies have examined the separate effects of Cl− erosion and carbonation, their combined impact on concrete is still debated. Investigating the interaction mechanisms between Cl− erosion and carbonation is crucial for improving the durability of concrete structures. This study utilizes a method where concrete specimens are immersed in artificial seawater with NaCl concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% prior to carbonation, with carbonation depth serving as a key indicator for analyzing the impact of Cl− erosion on carbonation. Both carbonation-treated and standard concrete specimens are immersed in 5% artificial seawater to evaluate the impact of carbonation on chloride erosion, with the free chloride content in the concrete serving as the assessment criterion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to examine the microstructure of the concrete, elucidating the interplay between Cl− erosion and carbonation. This study reveals that (1) Cl− erosion hinders concrete carbonation as NaCl crystals and Friedel’s salt in the pores limit CO2 penetration, with this effect intensifying at higher artificial seawater concentrations; (2) carbonation has a dual impact on Cl− erosion: in fully carbonated areas, carbonation products block pores and restrict Cl− diffusion, while at the interface between carbonated and non-carbonated zones, carbonation depletes Ca(OH)2, reducing Cl− binding capacity, increasing free Cl− content, and promoting Cl− diffusion.
Exploring the Coupling of Land Development Intensity and Green Economy Development in the Pearl River Delta: Patterns, Challenges, and Strategic Pathways
Authors: Huang Huiming , Xu Shuangyu , Fang Kailun
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the spatiotemporal patterns of land development intensity and green economy development at the district and county level in nine cities within the Pearl River Delta (PRD). A comprehensive evaluation framework is developed using a coupling coordination degree model and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to explore the spatial and temporal evolution of their relationship. The research reveals several key findings. (1) In 2013–2023, land development intensity followed a pattern of “concentration in the east and south, and sparsity in the west and north”, highlighting significant regional imbalances. (2) In 2013–2023, high-intensity development areas tended to cluster together, forming high-value zones, while low-intensity areas were often located next to similarly underdeveloped regions, reflecting a “low-value connection” trend. (3) There is a long-term stable co-integration relationship between land development intensity and green economy development. This study fills a gap in research at the district and county scale and offers practical insights for optimizing regional growth strategies and fostering green economic development across different areas in 2013–2023. These findings contribute to the design of balanced and sustainable development policies in the PRD, addressing both economic growth and environmental sustainability.
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Blind Rivet Joints Using Numerical Simulations and Experimental Testing
Authors: Beber Martin , Stejskal Martin , Sedlacek Frantisek
Published: January 2025

This study explores the tensile performance of blind rivet joints in galvanized steel sheets, focusing on their behavior under shear and normal load conditions. Blind rivets are frequently used in structural applications due to their ease of installation and ability to be applied from one side, making them highly effective in industries like aerospace and automotive. Two types of DIN 7337—4.8 × 8 blind rivets—galvanized steel St/St and stainless steel A2/A2—paired with galvanized steel sheets DX51D + Z275, were experimentally tested to assess how their material properties affect their joint strength, deformation patterns, and failure modes. Single-lap shear, double-lap shear, and pure normal load tests were conducted in multiple configurations to evaluate joint performance under varying loading conditions, simulating real-world stresses. Using custom-built equipment, controlled forces were applied perpendicular to the rivet joints to replicate practical loading conditions. The results revealed distinct differences in the load-bearing capacities of the two materials, offering valuable insights for applications where corrosion resistance and structural integrity are critical. Finite element analysis (FEA) was then used to simulate the behavior of the joints, with the results validated against experimental data. To enhance the reliability of numerical simulations in optimizing the design of rivet joints, a methodology was proposed to calibrate non-linear FEA models to experimental results, and a substantial agreement of 92.53% was achieved via optimization in ANSYS OptiSLang. This research contributes to our broader understanding of riveted connections, providing practical recommendations for assessing the performance of such joints in various engineering fields.