bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Challenges and Opportunities in the Quest to End Hunger
Authors: Zwagerman Jennifer Williams
Published: June 2020

As an attorney and professor that does not focus on intellectual property law, I was a bit apprehensive about providing a keynote address for a Symposium focusing on “Agriculture, Intellectual Property, and Feeding the World in the 21st Century.” As I thought about this topic, knowing that there were other speakers who would focus more on the IP issues and technical aspects of various topics, I kept coming back to the importance of technology as we worktowards the goal of feeding the world, and the many ways in which innovation plays a role in meeting that goal. It also brought to mind some of the broader issues involving technology that can both impede and support attempts to successfully feed the world, both now and looking to the future. Food. Agriculture. Technology. There is no doubt that when it comes to these areas of law, regulation, policy, and practice, there is much that binds them, and yet they are also very divisive. A quick scan of almost any major and reputable news source will provide articles on a daily basis that pertain to not just one, but often all three of these topics. They are independent industries—science, agricultural production, and food manufacturing, but the truth is that in today’s world, they intersect more than ever. Consumer understanding of each of these industries is far from complete, and that can lead to many issues when it comes to the adoption of technology, agricultural production, and consumer food choices. When you incorporate government regulation, international relations, and infrastructure challenges, it becomes clear that technology alone will not feed the world. Feeding the world requires looking at issues beyond production and manufacturing, and into the challenges and issues that limit access to food and inputs. When it comes to feeding the world, I believe that technology and innovation will be a key driver and a major part of any successful attempts at addressing this challenge. Technology does not just mean increased use of genetically engineered crops, although that may likely be a part of the solution. To successfully feed the growing world, we need to take a broader look at technology and how it can be used to address challenges that impact the ability to increase or sustain production. We also need to look at the barriers to the adoption of various forms of technology, and what needs to be done on a global scale to support sustainable and self-sufficient food production across the world. Strong communication across sectors and working collaboratively will be required to tackle broader issues surrounding food access and in protecting the interests of everyone involved from supplier to grower to consumer.
Which Statute Will Trump
Authors: Al-Haj Allen
Published: June 2020

A law can often be a double-edged sword—its mandate or protection of one right will sometimes come at the cost of another. Compounding this problem of unintended consequences is that laws do not operate in a vacuum. Instead, laws interact with other laws, and if they conflict, courts must determine which will prevail. Determining the validity of class-action waivers in employment arbitration agreements will require reconciling the Federal Arbitration Act’s mandate that arbitration agreements be enforced according to their terms against the National Labor Relations Act’s protection of employees’ right to engage in concerted activities for the purpose of mutual aid and protection. The dispute over the validity of these agreements requires courts to determine which law and congressional policy should prevail. The National Labor Relations Board and circuit courts throughout the country have been unable to reach a uniform decision, which has prompted the United States Supreme Court to grant certiorari on a triad of cases concerning this issue. With a decision from the nation’s highest Court expected during the 2017–18 term, this Comment analyzes the background and legal arguments behind these competing statutes to determine how the Court is likely to rule. This Comment concludes that, given the Court’s previous rulings in arbitration and class-action cases and the recent Supreme Court confirmation of Justice Neil Gorsuch, the Court is likely to rule in favor of validating class-action waivers in employment arbitration agreements.
Things Invisible To See
Authors: Singer Joseph William , Saidel-Goley Isaac
Published: June 2020

This Article revisits the state action doctrine, a judicial invention that shields “private” or “non-governmental” discrimination from constitutional scrutiny. Traditionally, this doctrine has applied to discrimination even in places of public accommodation, like restaurants, hotels, and grocery stores. Born of overt racial discrimination, the doctrine has inflicted substantial injustice throughout its inglorious history, and courts have continuously struggled in vain to coherently apply the doctrine. Yet, the United States Supreme Court has not fully insulated “private” or “horizontal” relations among persons from constitutional scrutiny. The cases in which it has applied constitutional norms to non-governmental actors should be celebrated rather than shunned. This Article proposes reinterpreting the state action doctrine to mitigate its historical and contemporary harms. Ultimately, the Authors draw from property law theory to contend that the doctrine should be fundamentally reformed in favor of a more egalitarian conception of the state’s role in ensuring equal protection of law. The insights of property law theory lead the Authors to conclude that: (1) equal protection depends on law, not action; (2) common law is law and, whether it is coercive or permissive, it must comply with the Equal Protection Clause; and (3) common law that allows discriminatory exclusion from the marketplace violates the Equal Protection Clause. What matters, for the purposes of constitutional protection, is not “state action” but whether the law violates the norms of liberty, equality, and dignity recognized by free and democratic societies.
Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor, Your Pregnant
Authors: Roholt Kaytlin L.
Published: June 2020

Since a majority of Supreme Court justices created the abortion right in 1973, a troubling pattern has emerged: The Supreme Court has come to ignore—and even nullify—longstanding precedent and legal doctrines in the name of preserving and expanding the abortion right. And with a Supreme Court majority that is blithe to manipulate any doctrine or principle—no matter how deeply rooted in U.S. legal tradition—in the name of expansive abortion rights, it should come as no surprise that lower courts are following suit. Most recently, the D.C. Circuit fired up the “ad hoc nullification machine,” but this time, its victim of choice was the constitutional distinction between citizenship and alien status. In Garza v. Hargan, the D.C. Circuit—sitting en banc—pronounced, for the first time, that the Constitution guarantees the right to an abortion on demand to unlawfully present aliens. The Supreme Court has long held, however, that the scope of constitutional rights accorded to unlawful aliens is limited. Rather than confront this inconvenient precedent, the D.C. Circuit entirely ignored the antecedent question of whether unlawfully present aliens are entitled to the Fifth Amendment abortion right. Instead, the court simply assumed that they are. This holding is wrong for two reasons. First, by effectively deciding that an unlawful immigrant minor, in federal custody, whose only contact with the United States was her detention at the U.S. border, was entitled to the full scope of Fifth Amendment rights, the D.C. Circuit ignored Supreme Court precedent mandating that a person must have “developed substantial connections with the country” before being accorded constitutional protections. Second, by carving out this special exception for the abortion right, the court prioritized that right over all other constitutional protections.
A (Re)Adoption Story
Authors: Martin Emma
Published: June 2020

Ava was adopted from Africa when she was four years old. She became the baby sister to two older brothers and the daughter to two loving, experienced parents. A year or two after Ava moved to America, she and her “forever family” attended a Colorado summer camp. All was seemingly well until the camp staff and the other families at camp started to notice something strange about the way Ava’s parents treated her compared to her brothers. After an activity, the parents greeted the brothers with an excited “did you have fun?” or “what did you learn?,” while the parents greeted Ava with a terse scolding for leaving her jacket behind. When the boys each sat next to a parent at the front of the boat on a white-water rafting trip, baby Ava sat at the very back of the raft next to a guide she did not know. These scenarios, along with others, raised questions and concerns. Another family, who had several adopted children, reached out to Ava’s parents and asked how she was doing in her new home. Ava’s family admitted that Ava, though sweet and loving at times, was having behavioral issues that they believed were linked to a lack of attachment to the family. They also admitted that they just could not love her the way that they loved their biological children. In the end, Ava’s parents decided that they had had enough— they no longer desired Ava to be their daughter. They relinquished their parental rights and sent Ava to live with the family they connected with at summer camp. Ava’s new family formally re-adopted her and gave her the love and support she desperately needed. And at last, after three families and two adoptions, Ava finally found her “forever family.” Unfortunately, this pattern is not altogether uncommon. Many parents who adopt children, especially older children, face similar stories of a frustrating inability to thrive as a family once the child enters the home. This pattern of adopting a child and then later seeking to find another home for that child has been coined “rehoming.” Rehoming is largely unregulated by most states and only minimally regulated in Texas. Fortunately for Ava, she found a true “forever family” who gave her a home she could thrive in. Some children are less fortunate. In fact, because of the regulatory void, some children are handed over to new parents without any vetting by an official agency. These practices are reckless and violate Texas’s policy to find homes that are in the best interest of children. For that reason, Texas must take action in both its child advocacy and its criminal laws to prevent and, when impossible to prevent, control rehoming practices. This Comment will look first at the mechanics behind rehoming—what it is and where it fits into the legal framework of the child welfare system. Next, it will look at the causes of rehoming, focusing specifically on how trauma in a child’s background can create a need for specialized training techniques. Lastly, it will look at other states’ legislation to combat rehoming and suggest different areas where Texas can improve its child welfare laws to both prevent and deter rehoming.
Standing in the Way of Our Goals
Authors: Holtman Jessica Nation
Published: June 2020

Currently in Texas, standing options for third-party nonparents seeking to file suits affecting the parent-child relationship (“SAPCRs”) are extremely limited. And, even though the standing options are codified, the evidence necessary to meet the threshold elements may be drastically different depending on the case’s location. These third parties, who have previously exercised parental responsibilities, must make showings to the court that most divorced parents could not make; and this is just for a chance to bring a claim in court. While this seems unfair, and Texas should absolutely resolve the split among its appellate courts, there is one extremely important part that has yet to be mentioned: the child. Standing determinations do not involve a best interest of the child inquiry; this must be changed. This Comment uses a San Antonio Court of Appeals case to highlight both the Texas appellate-court split and the lack of a best interest of the child consideration. Using the case’s facts, this Comment breaks down the general third-party standing option by venue to show just how different the requirements are depending on where in Texas the party resides. In most cases, the outcome spotlights that the child is the true victim of these standing limitations. Professor James Dwyer explains that relationships have a far greater impact on children than on adults. Courts should consider this when determining the best interest of the child. More importantly, the best interest of the child should be a primary consideration, not one that is considered after the plaintiff establishes standing. Allowing a third-party parent to file suit is highly likely to serve the child’s best interest. Once judges apply the best-interest standard at the appropriate stage, judges should then look through the child’s lens for making recommendations on the child’s behalf. Too few judges have said too few words about the lack of the best interest of the child consideration when issuing standing determinations. But with our nation’s evolving familial structure, the time has come to reconsider how courts determine who may bring suits affecting children.
The Many Sins Of NEPA
Authors: Epstein Richard A.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this Article is to expose the weak technical underside of NEPA’s statutory scheme. This inquiry does not start with NEPA itself, but, by way of comparison, with the earlier network of common law and equitable rules— which for these purposes I shall treat as a single body of judge-made common law—that made far wiser design choices in the structure of the overall legal system.
Beyond The Ethical Boundaries Of Solidarity
Authors: Karako-Eyal Nili
Published: June 2020

Mandatory vaccination laws require children to be vaccinated against certain communicable diseases to attend school. These laws also provide exemptions to school vaccination requirements. All states exempt children from vaccination requirements for medical reasons, and most states also provide an exemption for religious and/or other personal reasons. Seven states include an educational component in their religious or philosophical exemption process, requiring that parents receive information regarding the benefits of vaccination and the risks of not being vaccinated. Of these seven states, five require that information regarding the social benefits of vaccination will be provided to parents.

This type of legislation is part of an overall trend to tighten the vac- cine exemption process, which is reflected in the vaccination laws of an increasing number of states. Tightening the vaccine exemption process through the addition of administrative requirements has been proven to decrease exemption rates. But this is not the focus of this Article. Instead, the Article focuses on one aspect of the educational component of the legislation—educating parents regarding the social benefits of vaccines. The Article explores the nature of the obligation to be educated regarding the social benefits of vaccines and the potential influence of this legislation on parents’ vaccination decision making.

I claim that this legislation should be conceptualized and under- stood through the concept of solidarity. Following this conclusion, I will explore the potential effects of solidarity legislation on parents’ vaccination behavior. For this purpose, two aspects of the legislation will be addressed. First, I will discuss the language included in these laws, which explicitly declare that vaccines have social benefits. I will explore the expressive functions of this language and their potential influence on parental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. I will continue by addressing the educational process that this legislation requires. Addressing this aspect of the legislation, I will examine whether providing parents information regarding the social benefits of vaccines through educational encounters is expected to increase their motivation to vaccinate their child.
Managing Hurricane (And Other Natural Disaster) Risk
Authors: Jerry Robert
Published: June 2020

With the data showing that hurricanes are the most likely and serious of all of these disasters, we return to Hurricane Harvey. No one living in Texas—especially in the cities of Houston, Port Arthur, Bridge City, Rockport, Wharton, Conroe, Port Aransas, and Victoria, or more generally in the counties of Harris, Aransas, Nueces, Jefferson, Orange, Victoria, Calhoun, Matagorda, Brazoria, Galveston, Fort Bend, Montgomery, and Wharton—needs to be told that the U.S. needs a better approach to managing hurricane and other natural disaster risk, both in terms of pre-disaster planning and post-disaster recovery. Texans are not alone, as survivors of Hurricanes Katrina, Sandy, Irma, Maria, Florence, Michael, and others will be quick to agree. This Article primarily examines hurricane risk through the optic of insurance, but, as the discussion will show, a much larger lens is needed if we are to have a chance of improving our management of this enormous, and growing, problem.
Billion Dollar Orphans
Authors: Sheridan John
Published: June 2020

This Comment examines the extent to which Congress empowered the FDA to address the increase in petitions and the general accessibility of orphan drug remedies. Specifically, this Comment seeks to understand why the FDA’s interpretation of the purpose of the ODA seems to conflict with the statutory intent as interpreted by federal courts. This Comment considers a statute’s ultimate goal or social purpose to be the purpose of the statute, whereas the express mechanisms by which Congress seeks to bring about these goals is best understood as the statute’s intent. To understand the FDA and judiciary’s differing interpretations of the ODA, this Comment analyzes the language of the Statute, recent ODA litigation, FDA’s promulgated regulations, as well as recent response to pharmaceutical companies’ increase in designation requests for orphan drugs.

Ultimately, this Comment strives to determine whether or not the ODA can effectively achieve the goals Congress set forth in 1983.This Comment conducts a statutory analysis of the ODA and closely examines how courts, the FDA, and litigant pharmaceutical companies interpret the Statute differently. This Comment argues that Congress’s intent in passing the ODA was to create lucrative incentives for the development of drugs for orphan diseases. But, Congress’s purpose in drafting the ODA was to ensure the drugs became available to patients. The incentives serve as a tool to achieve the purpose of the ODA: to treat patients suffering from rare diseases.This Comment concludes that to better effectuate this purpose, Congress must amend the ODA or pass other legislation empowering the FDA to promulgate regulations that alter the schedule and administration of the ODA’s lucrative “basket of goodies.”
Subsurface Tension
Authors: Smith Kameron B.
Published: June 2020

A recent oil boom in Southern New Mexico has resulted in increased hydraulic fracturing operations in the region and, as a result, a steady and reliable supply of water to fuel such operations is required. As New Mexico regulations make it difficult to acquire a steady supply of water within the state, oil and natural gas producers are turning to unregulated areas in Texas, which permit unlimited pumping of groundwater. However, this groundwater is being pumped from the Pecos Valley aquifer, which is the same source of water that New Mexico is regulating within its borders. This issue is only one in a series of interstate water feuds between the two states. This Comment identifies the current practice of groundwater imports from Texas into New Mexico and the methods New Mexico might employ to limit or prevent such imports. Additionally, this Comment discusses an interstate compact as an alternative to New Mexico attempting to regulate water imports, which would undoubtedly lead to extensive litigation.
Visual vs. Tactile Reaction Testing Demonstrates Problems with Online Cognitive Testing
Authors: Kim Jeehyun , Francisco Eric , Holden Jameson , Lensch Rachel , Kirsch Bryan , Dennis Robert , Tommerdahl Mark
Published: June 2020

Reaction time is one of the most commonly used measures in online cognitive assessments.  However, there are significant technical problems with the methods that are commonly deployed for obtaining this measure.  Most online cognitive toolkits obtain reaction time measures with a visual cue and some type of mechanical response (keyboard, mouse or touchscreen).  Both the hardware and software involved in the computer systems that these online cognitive tests depend on introduce significant delays and more significantly, variation in these delays.  The variability that is introduced by these systems leads to inaccurate results that health care professionals have come to rely on.  In this report, a comparison is made between the reaction time data collected with a tactile based device that is accurately calibrated to sub-millisecond accuracy (the Brain Gauge) to a visual reaction time test that relies on consumer grade computer systems in a manner that parallels the methods commonly used in online cognitive testing.  Forty healthy controls took both the tactile based and visually based reaction time test, and the results demonstrated a significant difference in both reaction time and reaction time variability.  Most significant was the difference in reaction time variability, which was 16 msec for the tactile test and 81 msec for the visual test.  While the differences could be partially accounted for by tactile vs. visual biological pathways, the variability of the results from the visual task are in the range predicted by error measured from previous reports that performed robotic testing to derive differences between the two modalities of testing.
Terrorizmus elleni küzdelem az Európai Unióban és a terrorizmus egységes fogalma megalkotásának problémái
Authors: Pék Richárd Tamás
Published: June 2020

Nowadays one of the most dangerous phenomena is terrorism in the European Union, which is a kind of political violence and affects the internal security, as well. Therefore – after a short historical review – it is necessary to examine the definition and conceptualization of terrorism in the European Union’s criminal law system and to clear if the legal regulation is common and adequate? With special regard to the fact, that scholars flash the problem, that there is a lack of common definition of terrorism, which arises some problems at global and at the European Union’s level, as well. My treatise shows the mentioned problems in five chapters. In the first chapter is shown the present impact of terrorism in the European Union and after a short historical review (chapter II) is separately presented the definition of terrorism in the European Union’s law system and in the scientific world, showing the disadvantages of the lack of common definition (chapter III and IV). At the end in the conclusion I present some proposals and possible directions of a new regulatory method.
EVALUATION OF SOME EXOTIC SUGARBEET VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT LOCATION OF DISTRICTS THATTA AND HYDERABAD SINDH, PAKISTAN
Authors: Kaloi Ghulam Muhiyuddin , Soomro Abdul Fatah , Mari Ali Hassan , Ahmed Sagheer , Junejo Salahuddin , Bhutto Muhammad Abbas , Chohan , Muhammad , Arain Samia
Published: June 2020

Sugarbeet is a temperate crop successfully grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It has also capability to grow well under different moderate climate regimes. The 10 exotic sugarbeet varieties were tasted on 3 locations of districts Thatta and Hyderabad. Experiments were in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in separate plots. Three seeds were sown per hole. The germination was recorded after 30 days of sowing, while beet yield, sugar recovery and sugar yield obtained at the time of harvesting. The highest mean germination (76.40%) was noted at CBA-SAU Tandojam. The highest mean beet yield obtained at NSTHRI Thatta (54.69 t ha-1) and CBA-SAU Tandojam (55.87 t ha-1) was statistically at par. Similarly, highest mean sugar recovery noted at NSTHRI Thatta (14.58 %) and AAF Mirpur-Sakro (14.62 %) were also statistically likewise. The Highest mean sugar yield (7.44 t ha-1) was noted NSTHRI Thatta. The variety SDPAK-09-07 showed best performance at all three locations. The remaining best performing varieties were California, Magnolia and SDPAK-07-07.
MODELING DYNAMICITY OF WILLINGNESS TO PAY MECHANISM IN THE CASE OF SPECIAL ASSESSMENT DISTRICT
Authors: Bae Deog Sang , Kim Seok
Published: June 2020

A new public project usually provides economic benefits to property owners. In general, a delay caused by a government budget shortage proportionally reduces the future cash flow of the private developer potentially benefitted from a new public project. Based on that eventuality, this study examines a mechanism of willingness to pay, which asks private developers to voluntarily participate in sharing the budget shortage. This participation process is investigated by applying system dynamics, which demonstrate several causal loops, such as between the delay cause and the reaction of the private developer. In spite of difficulty in predicting the actual effect of this idea due to its conceptual origin, this innovative approach can contribute to real-world exigencies in two ways: the provision of background for research on the on-time completion of public projects via private developer cost-sharing participation and the illustration of an alternative that minimizes private developers’ future revenue deduction caused by delays.
SIMPLIFIED NEUTROSOPHIC INDETERMINATE DECISION MAKING METHOD WITH DECISION MAKERS’ INDETERMINATE RANGES
Authors: Du Shigui , Ye Jun , Yong Rui , Zhang Fangwei
Published: June 2020

There exists the indeterminate situations of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees due to the
uncertainty and inconsistency of decision makers’ arguments in a complicated decision making (DM) problem. Then, existing
neutrosophic set cannot describe the indeterminate information of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees. It is noted that
the simplified neutrosophic set (SNS) is depicted by truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees, while a neutrosophic number
(NN) can be flexibly depicted by its determinate part and its indeterminate part. Regarding the indeterminate situations
of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees in indeterminate DM problems, this study first presents a simplified neutrosophic
indeterminate set (SNIS) to express the hybrid information of SNS and NN and defines the score, accuracy, and certainty
functions of simplified neutrosophic indeterminate elements (SNIEs) with indeterminate ranges to compare SNIEs. Then, we
introduce a SNIE weighted arithmetic averaging (SNIEWAA) operator and a SNIE weighted geometric averaging (SNIEWGA) operator
to aggregate simplified neutrosophic indeterminate information. Next, a multi-attribute DM approach with decision makers’
indeterminate ranges is established regarding the SNIEWAA and SNIEWGA operators in SNIS setting. Finally, the proposed DM
approach is applied in a DM example on choosing a suitable slope design scheme to indicate the applicability and suitability
of the proposed approach.
Photochemistry of Anoxic Abiotic Habitable Planet Atmospheres: Impact of New H2O Cross Sections
Authors: Ranjan Sukrit , Schwieterman Edward W. , Harman Chester , Fateev Alexander , Sousa-Silva Clara , Seager Sara , Hu Renyu
Published: June 2020

We present a study of the photochemistry of abiotic habitable planets with anoxic CO2–N2 atmospheres. Such worlds are representative of early Earth, Mars, and Venus and analogous exoplanets. Photodissociation of H2O controls the atmospheric photochemistry of these worlds through production of reactive OH, which dominates the removal of atmospheric trace gases. The near-UV (NUV; >200 nm) absorption cross sections of H2O play an outsized role in OH production; these cross sections were heretofore unmeasured at habitable temperatures (<373 K). We present the first measurements of NUV H2O absorption at 292 K and show it to absorb orders of magnitude more than previously assumed. To explore the implications of these new cross sections, we employ a photochemical model; we first intercompare it with two others and resolve past literature disagreement. The enhanced OH production due to these higher cross sections leads to efficient recombination of CO and O2, suppressing both by orders of magnitude relative to past predictions and eliminating the low-outgassing “false-positive” scenario for O2 as a biosignature around solar-type stars. Enhanced [OH] increases rainout of reductants to the surface, relevant to prebiotic chemistry, and may also suppress CH4 and H2; the latter depends on whether burial of reductants is inhibited on the underlying planet, as is argued for abiotic worlds. While we focus on CO2-rich worlds, our results are relevant to anoxic planets in general. Overall, our work advances the state of the art of photochemical models by providing crucial new H2O cross sections and resolving past disagreement in the literature and suggests that detection of spectrally active trace gases like CO in rocky exoplanet atmospheres may be more challenging than previously considered.
Time-delay Measurement of Mg ii Broad-line Response for the Highly Accreting Quasar HE 0413-4031: Implications for the Mg ii–based Radius–Luminosity Relation
Authors: Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Martinez–Aldama Mary Loli , Rałowski Mateusz , Olejak Aleksandra , Panda Swayamtrupta , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Śniegowska Marzena , Naddaf Mohammad-Hassan , Pych Wojtek , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Figaredo C. Sobrino , Haas Martin , Średzińska Justyna , Krupa Magdalena , Kurcz Agnieszka , Udalski Andrzej , Gorski Marek , Sarna Marek
Published: June 2020

We present the monitoring of the active galactic nuclei continuum and Mg ii broad-line emission for the quasar HE 0413-4031 (z = 1.38) based on the six-year monitoring by the South African Large Telescope (SALT). We manage to estimate a time-delay of

days in the rest frame of the source using seven different methods: interpolated cross-correlation function, discrete correlation function (DCF), z-transformed DCF, JAVELIN, two estimators of data regularity (Von Neumann, Bartels), and χ
2 method. This time-delay is below the value expected from the standard radius–luminosity relation. However, based on the monochromatic luminosity of the source and the spectral energy distribution modeling, we interpret this departure as the shortening of the time-delay due to the higher accretion rate of the source, with the inferred Eddington ratio of ∼0.4. The Mg ii line luminosity of HE 0413-4031 responds to the continuum variability as

, which is consistent with the light-travel distance of the location of Mg ii emission at R
out ∼ 1018 cm. Using the data of 10 other quasars, we confirm the radius–luminosity relation for the broad Mg ii line, which was previously determined for the broad Hβ line for lower-redshift sources. In addition, we detect a general departure of higher-accreting quasars from this relation in analogy to the Hβ sample. After the accretion-rate correction of the light-travel distance, the Mg ii–based radius–luminosity relation has a small scatter of only 0.10 dex.
Cosmological Parameter Estimation from the Two-dimensional Genus Topology: Measuring the Shape of the Matter Power Spectrum
Authors: Appleby Stephen , Park Changbom , Hong 홍 Sungwook E. 성욱 , Hwang Ho Seong , Kim Juhan
Published: June 2020

We present measurements of the two-dimensional genus of the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) catalogs to constrain cosmological parameters governing the shape of the matter power spectrum. The BOSS data are divided into 12 concentric shells over the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.6, and we extract the genus from the projected two-dimensional galaxy density fields. We compare the genus amplitudes to their Gaussian expectation values, exploiting the fact that this quantity is relatively insensitive to nonlinear gravitational collapse. The genus amplitude provides a measure of the shape of the linear matter power spectrum and is principally sensitive to Ωc
h
2 and scalar spectral index n
s. A strong negative degeneracy between Ωc
h
2 and n
s is observed, as both can increase small-scale power by shifting the peak and tilting the power spectrum, respectively. We place a constraint on the particular combination

—we find

after combining the LOWZ and CMASS data sets, assuming a flat ΛCDM cosmology. This result is practically insensitive to reasonable variations of the power spectrum amplitude and linear galaxy bias. Our results are consistent with the Planck best fit

.
New record of a Dalmatolacerta oxycephala (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) population in the northern part of Montenegro
Authors: Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka , Ćorović Jelena , Ćosić Nada
Published: June 2020

Two previously known northernmost localities of Sharp-snouted rock lizard in Montenegro were the entrance of the Komarnica Canyon (Nevidio), and the middle part of the Tara River Canyon (village Tepca). It was presumed that Komarnica and Piva canyons were once corridors for the spreading of this species from the Eastern Adriatic sub-Mediterranean area to the Tara River Canyon in the north. However, it had not been hitherto known if there were any other relict populations in the area. In the autumn of 2019 a localized population of D. oxycephala was discovered in the middle part of the Komarnica Canyon.
Le surveillant général, « ancêtre encombrant » du conseiller principal d’éducation (CPE), le mythe à l’aune des données archivistiques
Authors: Focquenoy-Simonnet Christine
Published: June 2020

L’Archive révèle le profil historique du surveillant général, plus nuancé que l’image caricaturale laissée par cet acteur scolaire des xix e et xx e siècles dans les représentations. L’analyse historique, basée sur un croisement des sources (dossiers de carrière, textes officiels, témoignages, revue professionnelle…) a permis de cerner les missions, les attentes institutionnelles et les caractéristiques socio-professionnelles du surveillant général. Celui-ci doit être « un bon disciplinaire » exécutant les ordres. Il est le garant de l’éducation comme clôture. Sa carrière s’apparente à un parcours d’obstacles pour gravir une subtile échelle de prestige jusqu’au graal parisien Les années 1950-1960, théâtre d’une profonde évolution de la société et du système éducatif, constituent le terreau propice à l’éclosion du Conseiller principal d’éducation. Le changement d’appellation marque une rupture qui masque une réalité professionnelle plus complexe, pour ce nouvel acteur scolaire. Les scories de l’héritage historique ne lui permettent pas toujours d’être concepteur de son activité.
Le conseiller principal d’éducation accompagnant au cœur de collectifs de travail
Authors: Mikaïloff Nathalie
Published: June 2020

Le conseiller principal d’éducation (CPE) exerce son action pédagogique pour répondre aux besoins des élèves, dans une institution marquée dans le second degré par une division du travail éducatif. Son activité d’accompagnement est explorée ici dans ses dimensions collectives, en tant que système relationnel inscrit dans des collectifs de travail malgré les représentations liées aux attentes normatives de la communauté éducative. Dans une approche compréhensive, cette étude s’appuie sur l’expression du vécu des sujets pour mettre en évidence l’interaction de la relation CPE-élève avec son environnement. Une analyse qualitative d’entretiens menés auprès des professionnels sur leurs modalités de suivi des élèves est complétée par le traitement d’un questionnaire confirmatoire. Il apparaît que la relation d’accompagnement de l’élève évolue selon les moments pédagogiques et permet de nouvelles possibilités éducatives au sein de l’établissement. L’émergence de modalités de coopération entre acteurs scolaires invite à dépasser la modélisation des tensions entre individuel et collectif dans l’établissement.
Quelle est la place du travail collaboratif entre le conseiller principal d’éducation et les enseignants dans les représentations sociales des étudiants ?
Authors: Rouillard Rozenn , Chauvigné Céline
Published: June 2020

Notre recherche porte sur les représentations sociales des métiers de Conseiller principal d’éducation et d’enseignant du secondaire, en lien avec la problématique de la division du travail éducatif dans les établissements scolaires, chez les étudiants inscrits en première année de master. Nous nous appuyons sur une enquête par questionnaire menée dès l’entrée en formation, à l’échelle des académies d’Aix-Marseille, Lille, Nantes et Rennes. Les résultats soulignent l’idée paradoxale d’un CPE qui, s’il n’est plus perçu comme un surveillant général, n’en reste pas moins identifié comme l’expert de l’ordre malgré la reconnaissance d’une évolution du métier, notamment sur le suivi des élèves ou le pilotage de l’équipe vie scolaire. Les définitions des métiers se rejoignent peu ou prou mais la projection sur le terrain professionnel donne à voir un travail conjoint, soit peu partagé, soit peu envisagé.
La gouvernance d’entreprise a-t-elle évolué ? Analyse des entreprises du SBF 120 sur la période 2000-2015
Authors: Brédart Xavier
Published: June 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’évolution de la gouvernance des entreprises du SBF 120 sur la période 2000-2015. Ayant recours à différents outils méthodologiques, nous rapportons l’évolution de plusieurs variables largement débattues dans les codes et relatives au conseil d’administration et à la rémunération du dirigeant. Nos résultats indiquent qu’une évolution significative est enregistrée pour certaines variables telles que l’indépendance ou la diversité de genre.
Quel investisseur êtes-vous ? Proposition de profils
Authors: Pozniak Laetitia , Scoubeau Chantal
Published: June 2020

Peut-on parler de l’investisseur avec un grand « I » ? Cette enquête auprès de 706 ménages belges a mené à l’identification de 5 profils d’investisseurs : les dormants, qui délèguent complètement la gestion de leurs avoirs ; les traditionnels, influencés par leur famille ; les suiveurs, sensibles aux médias et à leurs pairs ; les joueurs, caractérisés par l’effet de disposition et le goût du risque et les experts, maîtres dans l’art de la diversification et soucieux d’investir aussi localement.
La Francophonie : mécanisme d’inflexion de la politique africaine du Vietnam face au soft power chinois
Authors: Dang Hong Khanh
Published: June 2020

Dans un contexte d’accélération de la mondialisation, de nouvelles dynamiques sur la scène internationale sont observées parmi lesquelles figurent la croissance économique très élevée de certains pays du Sud et le développement remarquable de leur coopération avec l’Afrique. Au cœur de cette dynamique portée par la Chine, la coopération Vietnam-Afrique, quoiqu’ayant un mimétisme évident avec la coopération Chine-Afrique, s’en distingue par l’appartenance du Vietnam et d’un grand nombre de pays africains à la Francophonie. Ce lien francophone tissé à travers une histoire commune liée à la décolonisation, est aujourd’hui maintenu sous un autre angle au sein de cette organisation internationale regroupant 88 États et gouvernements ayant le français en partage en 2020. L’analyse de la politique étrangère du Vietnam vers l’Afrique en comparaison avec celle de la Chine, ainsi que l’étude de la Francophonie en tant qu’une institution internationale à vocation politique et culturelle nous permettront de clarifier si elle pourrait constituer un mécanisme d’inflexion dans une politique africaine du Vietnam qui est actuellement trop sino-orientée face au soft power chinois.
Cartographie de la postmodernité chinoise
Authors: Ning Wang , Bartel David
Published: June 2020

Pour Wang Ning, l’existence en Chine d’une forme de postmodernisme ne fait pas de doute malgré le défaut de certaines conditions de la postmodernité. Dans ce texte, Wang regarde comment l’extension global du postmoderne, étudiée depuis ses pratiques critiques et créatives, a généré un phénomène hétéroclite. Il cartographie ici pour nous les similarités et les différences entre le « postmodernisme » chinois et sa contrepartie occidentale.
Hirak : l’an I ?
Authors: Benzenine Belkacem , Dris Cherif , Allal Amin , Souiah Farida
Published: June 2020

Dans cet entretien croisé, deux politistes algériens, Belkacem Benzenine et Chérif Dris, livrent leurs analyses du Hirak. Ils offrent de précieuses clés de lectures à celles et ceux qui souhaitent appréhender les séquences, les dates clés, les acteurs.trices du mouvement ainsi que les perspectives et défis qui se présentent.
Youcef Krache et Fethi Sahraoui, deux photographes algériens témoins et acteurs de la contestation
Authors: Brahimi Atlal
Published: June 2020

Les photographes algérien.nes ont connu une médiatisation sans précédent depuis le début du Hirak, qu’ils et elles ont couvert de l’intérieur, semaine après semaine, répondant entre autres aux sollicitations des médias étrangers. Leur travail de mise en image du présent révolutionnaire articule, à travers l’expression d’une subjectivité engagée, exigence artistique et urgence politique.
Raviver la « Guerre de libération nationale » et la dépasser : l’Algérie attend le 1 er novembre
Authors: Badis Salah
Published: June 2020

« Dépasser Novembre n’est pas une rupture telle que l’interpréteraient l’État et son histoire officielle. Dépasser Novembre implique d’assimiler ce legs révolutionnaire et de le reconnaître afin de tourner la page pour en écrire une nouvelle », écrit le journaliste et poète Salah Badis le 30 octobre 2019, dans un texte publié initialement en arabe dans le journal électronique Al Manassa . Le titre est sans concession : « Raviver la “Guerre de libération nationale” et la dépasser : l’Algérie attend le 1 er  novembre ». La 37 e  marche coïncide en effet avec la date hautement symbolique du 65 e  anniversaire du déclenchement de la lutte armée pour l’indépendance. En se réappropriant l’histoire nationale et en ouvrant le champ des possibles, le Hirak non seulement en rappelle les fondements mais surtout les actualise, faisant de la révolution un processus d’avenir.
Consigner le Hirak : de l’expérience à l’archive
Authors: Chenoufi Lalia , Direche-Slimani Karima
Published: June 2020

Prenant à bras le corps le déferlement d’images et de sons qui ont dès le premier jour accompagné, traduit, doublé le Hirak, les auteures entreprennent une méditation sur leur « goût de l’archive », ces archives-ci et leur nature singulière autant que révolutionnaire, en ce qu’elles sont aussi inattendues que le soulèvement lui-même. L’histoire de l’Algérie, tant ancienne que récente, a été trouée et confisquée par un pouvoir constant dans sa stratégie d’occultation. Il est alors décisif d’arrimer ces flux d’images concomitants aux événements aux différents régimes d’apparition, de visibilisation, de mise en récit, de conservation et d’analyse dont ils sont désormais justiciables, ce afin d’éclairer la question plus vaste du désir d’y trouver sa place.
« Ça passe ou ça ne passe pas ? »
Authors: Slim  , Nime  , Souiah Farida
Published: June 2020

Dans cet entretien, les paroles de deux dessinateurs, Slim et Nime – et par leurs biais de deux générations différentes – se croisent et se font écho. Ils reviennent sur leur rapport au dessin, les difficultés à en faire un métier ainsi que sur leurs expériences dans le contexte politique algérien actuel et passé où les lignes rouges sont floues et mouvantes ; il est difficile de prédire quand la censure va frapper. Slim est le créateur de certains des personnages emblématiques de la BD algérienne : Bouzid, Zina, le Gatt M’digouti (le chat dégoûté). Il a contribué à des aventures éditoriales qui ont marqué l’histoire du pays : la première revue dessinée algérienne M’Quidèch ou encore la revue dessinée satirique El Manchar . Il collabore aujourd’hui avec Le Soir d’Algérie , dans lequel il publie une planche hebdomadaire. Nime est quant à lui l’auteur de plusieurs dessins emblématiques du Hirak, notamment L’élu et Le regret de la juge pour lesquels il fut emprisonné. Il partage ses créations sur son blog, Dans ma bulle , et sur sa page Facebook.
Quand l’armée algérienne occupe le devant de la scène politique
Authors: Arezki Saphia
Published: June 2020

En Algérie, l’armée occupe les devants de la scène politique lors des temps de crise ou de transition politique : de l’été 1962 à la démission forcée d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika en avril 2019, en passant par la désignation de Chadli Bendjedid (1978-1979) et l’interruption du processus électoral en janvier 1992. En retracer l’histoire permet de mieux appréhender ces moments, où la façade civile du régime politique algérien vient à tomber.
Le Hirak : un cas d’école ?
Authors: Haddag Lydia
Published: June 2020

Depuis un an, la population algérienne s’est levée contre la hogra (le mépris) comme mode de gouvernance d’une classe politique autoritaire et corrompue. Pacifique et déterminée, elle réclame le droit à la dignité, à la liberté et à la démocratie. La dimension morale de l’engagement politique se lit dans le répertoire des chants et des slogans qui, avec créativité et pertinence, scandent la mobilisation, s’adaptant de semaine en semaine aux réponses bornées du pouvoir.
Tourism Circular Economy
Authors: Vargas-Sánchez Alfonso
Published: June 2020

The aim of this chapter is to present a research agenda that can help to advance the generation of scientific knowledge intended to support the implementation of circular economy initiatives in the tourism industry. In this line, a decalogue was used as a starting point, which was checked with academics and professionals in this field in order to refine the initial proposal and enrich it with new research opportunities and challenges. As a result, a research framework has been created and organized into four sections, according to their nature: economic/business, social, environmental, and cross-sectional. Nevertheless, in spite of the particular character of each of them, their interconnections are also underlined in order to contribute to the progressive development of a more circular tourism economy.
Financing the Sustainable Development Agenda Goals
Authors: Ivo-Cruz Bernardo , Ribeiro Sónia
Published: June 2020

The 2030 Agenda is comprehensive, universal, and ambitious. To reach its goals, the world needs to invest US$5 to 7 trillion/year. To finance it, the private sector must be involved. This chapter considers the motivations of business and corporations to incorporate the SDG in their investment agenda and the role DFIs can play in providing financing to their projects. It acknowledges that the private sector is a key element for long-term sustainable development and highlights the difficulties of DFI in assessing impact in risk analysis and therefore financing private investments for sustainable development. Finally, it finds that the international community and developing countries need to work together to improve the business environment on those countries, and concludes that the international community and the banking system do not know how to assess the role and impact of business and corporations projects in the agenda, and that the risk mitigation policy does not consider the nature of DFIs. Looking into the future, the authors present future research topics needed on this subject.