bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Cd (II) Ions by Coconut Copra: Isotherm and Regeneration Studies
Authors: Lee Terri Zhuan Ean , Zhang Jianghong , Feng Yichen , Lin Xin , Zhou Jinqin
Published: February 2021

This study employed coconut copra to adsorb cadmium and investigated its adsorption behavior via isotherm models. A total of seven isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevic, Brouers-Sotolongo and Hill were utilized to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Results showed that Langmuir isotherm best fitted cadmium adsorption process among all models studied, with correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.963. The maximum adsorption capacity of coconut copra towards cadmium recorded 1.092 mg g−1 according to Langmuir isotherm, Dubinin-Radushkevic and Temkin isotherm asserted that this is a physical adsorption process. This study however observed negative cooperativity, as claimed by Hill and Temkin isotherm models. In addition, this study explored the feasibility of biosorbent regeneration. Coconut copra demonstrated potential to be regenerated, supported by its efficient removal percentage up to 7 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. As a whole, coconut copra is potentially viable to be used as a sustainable biosorbent for cadmium removal cadmium.
Mechanical properties of M-Zr (M=Cr, Al, Mn) co-doped ceria: A first-principles study
Authors: Xiao Wei , Shi Jingmin , Sun Lu , Wang Xue , Zhou Gege , Yan Jiasi
Published: February 2021

Zr-doped ceria has been extensively been used in three-way catalyst industry due to the excellent physical and chemical properties. Co-doping technology is always employed to improve the stability of the materials by hindering the phase segregation into CeO2 and ZrO2 individual phases. In this paper, we have intensively studied the stability of M-Zr co-doping systems (M= Cr, Al and Mn) under different growth conditions and under the applied stress. The results show that the O-rich growth condition is very beneficial to the formation of these compounds. Compared with Cr and Mn atoms, Al atoms produce a different type of lattice distortions, which all can improve the stability of the whole system. Among these candidates, Al-Zr co-doping can be most easily formed. Furthermore, our researches demonstrate that under a small strain range, co-doping might increase the mechanical properties of the systems by the solid solution strengthening.
Application Characteristics and Industrial Development Countermeasures of Shenmu Semi-coke
Authors: Wei Ning , Wang Lidan , Zhao Bo , Yan Qingcong
Published: February 2021

The quality index of Shenmu semi-coke is investigated to study its application characteristics, combined with the quality index of Shenmu raw coal and anthracite. Through the analysis of semi-coke products and the environmental protection characteristics in the production process, the ideas for cleaner production are provided. The industrial development countermeasures are put forward based on the development and future demand of Shenmu semi-coke industry.
Research on the market mechanism of generation grid load storage interaction to promote new energy consumption
Authors: Han Song
Published: February 2021

With the continuous development of China’s clean energy industry, the consumption of high proportion of new energy after being connected to the grid has become the focus of attention of the industry. Flexible resources can effectively restrain the fluctuation of new energy generation and improve the stability of power grid. Therefore, in order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of flexible resources, give full play to the market advantages, guide the market participants of generation side, power consumption side and energy storage side to participate in the Generation Grid Load Storage interaction, this paper establishes a market-oriented energy storage interaction mechanism to promote new energy consumption and form a win-win market system.
Applications of near infrared spectroscopy for fish and fish products quality: a review
Authors: Yu Wenqian
Published: February 2021

Fish and fish products are rich in significant nutrients such as protein and fat, and it is an important part of human diet. However, the deterioration of fish due to the influence of microorganisms and oxidation has not only wasted resources but also affected food safety. Therefore, the development of fast and simple detection technology is an important solution. This paper combines with domestic and foreign literatures, summarizes research papers based on Near-infrared (NIR)spectroscopy, discusses the basic principles, analysis process and modeling methods of NIR spectroscopy respectively, and reviews the application of NIR spectroscopy in physical and chemical indicators, microbial indicators, storage conditions, classification and identification, geographic traceability and other related aspects, which provides a reference for the further development and research of rapid detection technology for fish and fish products.
Based on MOD13Q1 data to analyze the characteristics of vegetation changes in central Yunnan from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Peng Zongqi , Yang Kun , Luo Yi , Yang Jiaying
Published: February 2021

The central Yunnan is an important development area in Yunnan Province. Studying the pattern of vegetation change in this region and the relationship between vegetation change and climate factors can provide information support for the management of the ecological environment and promote sustainable economic development. This study used the meteorological dataset of the Climate Date Store (ECMWF) and the vegetation dataset of MOD13Q1, combined with spatial autocorrelation analysis, simple linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to analyze the change of the NDVI and the distribution characteristics of spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that the NDVI value in central Yunnan increased slowly from 2000 to 2019 with the growth rate of 0.027/decade, but the increase was not significant. On the seasonal scale, the growth rate was highest in autumn (0.051/decade). In the past 20 years, the overall Moran I of NDVI was greater than 0.71, and the vegetation in central Yunnan showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation.
Discussion on the Evolution of Sea Reclamation from 2006 to 2018 in Jimo District, Qingdao, Shandong Province
Authors: Xiu Chun , Lu Xin , Huo Suxia , Li Zhengxu , Ma Tianran , Chen Keke
Published: February 2021

Sea reclamation is an important way to develop marine resources and expand land space. Based on the extraction technology of remote sensing image, the spatial distribution and evolution of sea reclamation in Jimo District from 2006 to 2018 were discussed. From 2006 to 2018, the reclamation area of Jimo District increased by 32.68km2. The industrial structure adjustment, the implementation of major projects and the increase of population were the main driving forces. The reclamation areas are mainly located in Aoshan Bay, Hengmen Bay and Xiaodao Bay, which occupy the former tidal flat and wetland resources of these bays and cause the change of the hydrodynamic environment. At the same time, the problems of land idle and low intensive utilization still remain. In the face of these problems, some measures, such as establishing and improving a long-term monitoring mechanism, reducing the stock of reclamation in accordance with the principles of economization and strengthening the ecological restoration of coastal zones, should be taken.
The Formation of Supermassive Black Holes at Early Universe
Authors: Cao Zhi
Published: February 2021

The high-redshift universe is now the frontier of modern astronomy, and is the key object for current and near-future telescopes. The high-redshift quasars put a tight constraint on existing BH growth model, as it is challenging to form a 1010 M⊙ BH at z∼6.

In this work, we relax the widely-adopted Salpeter BH growth model, to consider a more realistic path. We consider the variation in the mass and angular momentum orientation of gas supply (i.e. through ∊L and n), as well as the change in accretion mode (hot versus cold). Moreover, the conventionally considered BH spin impact on the radiative efficiency ∊M is also taken into account. Our key results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, sufficient gas supply (larger in ∊L) is obviously a key factor to make the BH grow efficiently. Also, The BH spin (a*), through the radiative efficiency ∊M, has a dominant impact on the BH growth, i.e., those high-redshift quasars with MBH > 1010 M⊙ should be formed in a chaotic gas supply situation, where the angular momentum orientation of the gas is random. Finally, through analyzing the most realistic accretion model, we find that the only existing model of seed BH is through the direct collapse, driven by either dynamical processes or thermodynamics
Cross-Comparison of Snow Albedo Products Derived from Satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8) Optical Data
Authors: Fan Yan , Yu Jie , liu Wenting
Published: February 2021

Snow albedo is an important factor affecting global climate change. Due to the limitation of atmospheric conditions and cloud cover, remote sensing products of snow albedo have data missing and error uncertainty. In this study, based on the method of directly inverting the reflectance of the top of the atmosphere, the difference and accuracy of the snow albedo derived from the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 data were compared. we used two narrowband-to-broadband conversion algorithms to obtain a total of four snow albedo products. Then we use scatterplots and three indicators (the mean absolute value error, root mean square error, and pearson correlation coefficient) to compare the correlation and accuracy of the four products. The research results show that four snow albedo products derived from satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8) optical data have a strong correlation. Finally, we use IDL to check each field for regression analysis to obtain a linear regression equation. The fitting coefficient of the equation is between 0.85-0.90. The snow albedo is inverted by a variety of remote sensing data, which provides a solution to the problem of missing data.
Study on SDE Distribution of Forest Vegetation in China Based on Trapezoidal Grid Segmentation
Authors: Jiao Youquan , Feng Ji
Published: February 2021

The trapezoidal grid segmentation of China was carried out at a scale of 1:10000 to form a grid system covering the Chinese mainland. Based on the standard deviation ellipse (SDE) distribution theory, seven major categories and 53 sub-categories of Chinese forest vegetation were studied respectively. The SDE distribution was obtained and the average area distribution rate of 51.75% major-category vegetation was also obtained. Broad-leaved forests and sparse forests accounted for the largest proportion in China, with a proportion of 68.11%, the deviation rate of the average was 31.61%, and the dispersion was 0.097; the average distribution rate of sub-category vegetation was 9.38%, and the temperate subalpine evergreen coniferous forests accounted for the largest proportion in China, with a distribution rate of 30.23% and a dispersion of 0.032. The spatial distribution pattern of vegetation is mostly "southwest-northeast", but the elliptical center of the major-category vegetation moves more; while in terms of the direction of sub-category vegetation, there were nine categories of vegetation with three long-axis azimuths [<45 degrees], 27 categories of vegetation with long-axis azimuth [>45°∪≤90°], and 27 categories of vegetation with long-axis azimuth [> 90°].
The possibility of using self-compatible forms of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in breeding to increase seed productivity
Authors: Novoselov M Y , Starshinova O A , Drobysheva L V
Published: February 2021

A genetic source of self-compatibility was identified, sample No. 3000, whose offspring in the I1 generation had this property at the level from 18 to 100 %. The average seed setting rate for self-pollination was 77 %, which is many times higher than the self-compatibility rate for diploid varieties (0.5-1 %). Under mechanical action on inflorescences without tripping of flowers, the seed setting in the studied forms was 46 %. In reciprocal crosses with the Early 2 variety, a high heritability of the self-compatibility trait was found, which was observed in the F1 generation in 53 % of genotypes in direct and 74% in reverse crosses. Hybrid combinations of Early 2♀ x No.3000 I2♂ and No.226 BC ♀ x No.3000 I2 ♂ were created in generations I1 - I3, in the offspring of which an increase in the number of highly self-compatible genotypes was detected by 50% and 60%, respectively. By the I3 generation, self-compatible and weakly self-compatible genotypes were completely absent, and the percentage of medium-and high-self-compatible genotypes reached 100 %. Based on linear material (Early 2 x No. 3000 I2) I4, multilinear F1 populations were created and their seed productivity was evaluated. Self-compatible hybrids in the number of inflorescences exceeded the Early 2 variety by 19%; in seed setting-by 25-31 %, in seed weight from 1 plant-by 18-24 %. A breeding program was developed to create the source material of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with high seed productivity using a genetic source of self-compatibility.
Mechanochemical modification of natural zeolite to improve the adsorption and hydrolysis properties of metsulfuron-methyl
Authors: Spiridonov Yu Ya , Chkanikov N D , Khalikov S S , Spiridonova I. Yu. , Nasakina E O , Glinushkin A P
Published: February 2021

For the first time, potentially active samples of zeolites were obtained by their mechanochemical modification with the polysaccharide arabinogalactan and aerosil. The most positive effect on the desorption properties of aerosil addition is shown.
Research on convergence analysis method of metro tunnel section--Based on mobile 3D laser scanning technology
Authors: Zhang Hongfei , Xia Jinzhou
Published: February 2021

The protection and monitoring of subway tunnels have always been an important guarantee for the safe operation of urban rail transit. The current monitoring of tunnel deformation and convergence relies on traditional technology methods such as convergence meters and electronic total stations. Although the 3D laser scanning method of stationary station setup and station-to-station splicing of monitoring station is gradually becoming mature, the error accumulation and slow operation efficiency brought by station-to-station splicing are still the bottleneck of subway tunnel protection and monitoring. Based on the analysis of the principles and advantages of mobile 3D laser scanning technology, this paper deeply studies the mobile 3D laser scanning technology for rapid collection of point cloud data in subway tunnels, proposes an improved RANSAC algorithm based on the tunnel ellipse parameter model, and extracts metro tunnel deformation information through denoising and fitting of the tunnel cross section point cloud data, achieving convergence analysis of metro tunnel section. The results show that this method can quickly and accurately obtain tunnel section data, which provides a new and efficient technical approach for subway tunnel protection monitoring.
BIM Process and Application in Geological Exploration of Rail Transit Engineering in Mountainous Cities
Authors: Guo Wei , Ma JianXiong
Published: February 2021

Based on the practical problems in the geological modeling of rail transit engineering in Chongqing, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the commonly use methods of engineering geological modeling. In view of the special geological conditions such as sand-mudstone interbedding and lens in mountainous cities, the problem of unified stratification of complex strata is solved by means of three-dimensional auxiliary layering and a process of three-dimensional modeling suitable for regular underground running tunnels and deep-buried underground running tunnels in mountainous cities is established.
Analysis on construction deformation characteristics of Da-Puling tunnel by monitoring measurement
Authors: Liu Hewen , Wu Wenjia
Published: February 2021

Tunnel monitoring and measurement is the guarantee of tunnel construction safety and implementation of dynamic parameter design; relying on the surface settlement, vault settlement and convergence deformation in the tunnel during the construction of Da-Puling tunnel on Guangxi expressway, based on the monitoring data, the stress situation and deformation characteristics of the tunnel are analyzed; the results show that the construction parameters of Da-Puling tunnel are basically reasonable, and the portal section is the key to the control of the whole construction parameters, the settlement of the tunnel vault in the V-Class surrounding rock of the portal section is about 4 times of the convergence deformation, which is mainly caused by the gravity of the overlying soil layer. The settlement of the tunnel vault in the IV-class surrounding rock is close to the convergence deformation, and the stress release deformation in the loose area of the tunnel surrounding rock is the main one. The monitoring and analysis in the construction process provides reliable data for design and construction in time, and ensures the smooth progress of tunnel construction.
Bearing capacity analysis of flap gate under impact load
Authors: Zhu Hemin , Li Xiaona , Chen Yile
Published: February 2021

In order to study the bearing capacity of flap gate under impact load, this paper uses the finite element calculation model to calculate the bending and shear resistance of the buttress of the flap gate under the design model, and designs the reinforcement amount of the section to study the bearing capacity of the flap gate under the impact load. The research result shows that the impact load controls the bearing capacity of the pier section, and the reduction of impact load can effectively alleviate the stress concentration at the corner of the pier. It is necessary to reconfigure the appropriate tension and compression reinforcement, but the stirrup and diagonal reinforcement do not need to be reconfigured.
Supplier Selection in Shipbuilding Industry – A Review
Authors: Pribadi S R W , Pribadi T W , Wahidi S I
Published: February 2021

There are many criteria and methods that can be used to select the right supplier. Selection of a suitable supplier is needed, especially in the shipbuilding industry. Selection of suppliers is to reduce risky purchases, maximize price suppression with the best quality goods for buyers and establish long-term relationships between suppliers and buyers to facilitate future cooperation with today’s increasingly competitive industry. This study was made to critically analyze the factors and appropriate methods in selecting suppliers in the shipbuilding industry. With many methods and criteria that are of particular concern to today’s industrial developments, in this paper the literature has been thoroughly reviewed to help provide solutions to these problems. The results of the reviews that have been carried out can be seen that the right criteria for selecting suppliers include quality, price, delivery, service, technical ability, financial strength, geographical location, reputation, reciprocal arrangements, etc. Likewise, the methods used, namely ANP-PROMETHEE and LARG, can be taken into consideration for a good supplier selection method.
Monitoring and Automatic Control of various Parameters for Mushroom Farming
Authors: Suresh M , Srinivasan M , Gowri Shankar S , Karthikeyan D , Nakhul V , Naveen Kumar A , Sundar S , Maniraj P
Published: February 2021

Mushroom cultivation nowadays mostly done as indoor cultivation. The yield of mushroom is lesser in conventional method. To improve the yield of mushroom, automation in mushroom cultivation is needed and can be achieved using smart electronic components. For cultivating and growing mushrooms, certain parameters like temperature, humidity, light intensity, CO2 level should be maintained at certain level. Depending upon the type of mushroom, these parameters should be changed. Mushroom needs a dark, cool, moist, and humid growing atmosphere. Many of them proposed Automatic mushroom cultivation, but cultivator didn’t achieve the required cooling. In order to solve the proposed problem, Peltier Air Conditioner with honey pad setup methodology is proposed in this paper. The main objective is to monitor and control the physical parameters automatically, those are essentially needed to be in control round the clock for the efficient cultivation of mushroom.
A Review on the Mechanical Properties of the Green Concrete
Authors: Mukesh T S , Sampathkumar K , Kisshore V
Published: February 2021

In the 1950s, Viktor Glukovsky of Kiev, U.S.S.R., developed concrete materials that were originally known as “soil silicate concretes” and “soil cements,” however since Joseph Davidovits coined the geopolymer theory, the terms and meanings of “geopolymer” have become more complex and often more frequent. As the production of Ordinary Portland Cement produces substantial CO2 emissions, Geopolymer Concrete will be of considerable cure to global warming related to the construction industry. At the same time, GPC substitutes OPC by industrial waste products for instance Fly Ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume, Rice-Husk Ash, Metakaoline or Red Mud (RM) utterly or almost 80%.
Manufacturing methods of healthy and edible cups-An integrative review
Authors: Satheesh Kumar K V , Vikram S , Vigneswaran S J , Sudhanhari C T A
Published: February 2021

A teacup is for drinking tea. It is also larger than coffee cups. Morning tea cups are typically bigger than afternoon tea cups. Several studies suggest that customer perception of beverages and purchase preferences were heavily associated with form and colour of a vessel. Since previous studies centered on wine, bubble beverages, juice, chocolate, etc., there has been barely any study on the required drinking tea vessels. In this review, tea experts and designers were approached to gather data for their perspectives. This study revealed that a tea-drinking vessel’s architecture and manufacture could affect the tea’s taste and scent perception. Cups used for hot drinks like tea and coffee are constructed of materials like steel, glass, plastic, etc. Cookie cups provide an option to such cups by introducing some flavor to drinks. Most notably, this cookie cup is often produced of sugarless biscuits that allow diabetics eat this cup. This cup would be cost-effective, reducing paper cup use. Hostels, clinics, and every business may use this cup. These findings explain a cup of biscuits concept and production processes.
Automatic Turning ON/OFF Bike Indicator Using Offline GPS Navigation System
Authors: Usha S , Karthik M , Lalitha R , Jothibasu M. , Krishnamoorthy T
Published: February 2021

In the present modern world, most of the people are using the roadways for transportation purposes. The utilization of roadways increases by one side, on the other side the road accidents are also escalating. The current assessment shows that the reasons for the road accidents are not obeying the traffic rules, inappropriate usage of indicators while turning right or left while driving the vehicles and so on. In peak hours and in traffic times people are speeding up with their vehicle and forgot to use their indicator. This leads to an accident while sudden turning and braking without a proper indication. In order to overcome these types of difficulties, an automatic turning on/off bike indicators using offline GPS navigation system is proposed. The proposed system works in an offline mode and does not need any internet connectivity. By turning on the supply to the board, it will generate the hotspot and it will be connected with Wi-Fi in Mobile Phone. Then the destination is fixed in the mobile application. When turning is available in the way to destination before 100 meters of that turning, indicator will be automatically turned on and after that indicator will be automatically turned off. Thus the proposed work would help the people during the rush hours and also during the emergency situations to avoid accidents.
Design and Fabrication of Low Cost 3D Printer
Authors: Gomathi K , Arangamuthalvan K R , Deepigkashri S , Dharnieshwaran C B , Dhivya S , Praveen C
Published: February 2021

3D printing technology is one type of additive manufacturing processing in which three dimensional solid objects can be created by consecutive layers. It is often referred as rapid prototyping. In this process, 3D models are easily generated on a relatively sized system linked to a device containing object blueprints where this idea of custom production is an exciting one. By using of inkjet printing technology, this innovative approach for making 3D models saves time. To create an overall structure in its own way this technology is often preferred. The major part used to develop a pattern is the cartridge which can be used in most applications such as jewellery design, Architecture domain, Health care, and Engineering. Most required design is created with the help of Computer-Aided Design or 3D Scanner where the cost of a 3D printer is merely high; so a cost-effective low-cost 3D printer with suitable components is fabricated.
Concept of Automated Agriculture - Auto Techno Farming
Authors: Sharath Prasanna R. , Karthikeyan V. , Mohamed Armoon Shaliq M. , Sarath ARP
Published: February 2021

Agriculture cushions men and helps humans to lead a comfortable and convenient life. The main objective of this project is to enhance farm productivity in large scale farming and urban areas, it tends to solve the uncertain issues that are developing in urban agriculture by implementing human free automated agriculture. With the espousal of Artificial Intelligence in Auto Techno Farming (ATF) can lead to the development of advanced agricultural farming methods. We are presenting the concept of automated agriculture that is a track based farming technique for large area farming. Machine design is carried out in such a way that it receives a single command from the user, after which it assesses and analyses geographical conditions and begins to send the analysed data to the user. ATF is fully automated, which will assist to select the seeds by itself and sow the seed according to the optimal weather conditions in appropriate time. The challenging issue probably solved by ATF is, it sprays pesticide only to the required areas. In addition this provides multitudinous advantages such as, full automation, uses AI, weeding, harvesting and other farming techniques are done predominantly by itself. The project proposed above can be tested on agricultural fields with high precision. It makes a pristine beauty of agriculture and makes the survival of the man significant by ATFs. ATF serves as a milestone in the field of agriculture under emerging Environmental Engineering Technologies. The concept of Auto Techno farming is described with the design, simulation and circuits out of CATIA V5, Creo, MATLAB, Proteus 8.9 and Blender.
Review paper on material properties of high performance concrete
Authors: Thiyaneswaran M.P. , Revin Jenova L , Navaneethan K.S.
Published: February 2021

In modern years, effective utilization of high performance concrete in construction because of their increase in durability and mechanical properties. In particular high performance concrete is made by replacing/introducing mineral admixtures and chemical admixtures with cement or replacing/introducing the fibers into the concrete. The focus of this review is to illustrate the properties of the various materials used, mix proportion of materials to make high performance concrete and observation of high performance concrete. Moreover there are three main groups which are important in manufacture of high performance concrete they are increase of workability, increase of strength and increase of durability. Finally the studies on the high performance concrete have been reviewed.
An experimentation on gravity influence in concentric tube heat pipe heat exchanger using various working fluids
Authors: Ram Kumar P , Sivasubramanian M , Vivek C M , Raveendiran P
Published: February 2021

In present work the experimentation is carried out in the heat pipe introduce inside concentric-tube heat exchanger. Methanol, Acetone as working fluids, and water as heat transport fluid. The investigation is done by different mass flow rates and temperatures of the fluids. The effect of gravitational angles for 0° and 90° are experimented. The maximum heat transfer performance is obtained at angle is 0°. In this investigation for acetone as working fluid there is an increment of 30.42% for effectiveness, 2.5% for Reynolds number and 21.57% decrease in thermal resistance than with methanol. This experimentation clearly shows that heat pipe heat exchanger with acetone exhibits enhanced performance when related with methanol.
Investigation of Direct Delta Sigma Receiver for Modern Cellular Systems
Authors: Manjula S. , Malleswari M. , Asha A.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the significance of Direct Delta Sigma Receiver (DDSR) in modern cellular communication systems. The development of 4G/5G technologies such as LTE and WiMax is increased the need of digital technology and new solutions for cellular systems. Due to the demand of digitalization in modern cellular applications which leads to minimize the analog circuits, support frequency-agile and several bandwidths, DDSR is introduced and becomes more popular than other conventional receivers. DDSR is the combination of front end of direct conversion receiver and Delta Sigma Modulator (DSM). The importance and structure of DDSR are studied. In DDSR, quantization noise shaping with filtering can be provided by the feedback loop. The filter coefficients are mapped to the properties of RF circuits at the front end is more challenging and difficult task. Optimization of filter coefficients plays an important role in DDSR. In future, optimization methods and algorithms can be efficiently used to optimize filter coefficients in DDSR.
Experimental investigation on behaviour of RC circular and square columns confined with natural fabrics
Authors: Ravi Prakash T. , Balaji S. , Anandakumar S. , Vignesh M.
Published: February 2021

In this paper natural fibers are confined with short circular and square columns for strengthening purpose with conventional wrapping technology. The substitution of natural fibres for synthetic fibres is a new approach to achieve sustainable construction. The most commonly used fibers are Glass, Carbon, Aramid, etc., but the fibers are costly and considered to be slightly uneconomical. Hence natural fibers namely Jute, Kenaf and Flax are utilized in this research. An experimental study reports the efficacy of the use of Jute, Kenaf, and Flax fabrics as external confinement for concrete columns furthermore, the outcomes propose that a huge improvement in the quality properties. Circular columns of 100mm diameter and 600mm height have been constructed and are tested under axial compression. The test outcomes show that the axial load carrying limit of FRP wrapped is increased than the control columns by a significant percentage. In these three natural fibers, Flax FRP wrapped columns offer more strength than Jute and Kenaf fiber wrapped columns. Natural fibers not only increase the strength it is cost-effective and environmental friendly as they are 100% bio-degradable.
Investigation of Strength and Security of Pseudo Random Number Generators
Authors: Sathya K , Premalatha J , Rajasekar Vani
Published: February 2021

Security is a key factor in today’s fast communicating world. Many cryptographic algorithms are tested and put into use efficiently. Random numbers are used in diverse forms like nonces, secret key, initialization vector, etc. They find place in encryption, digital signature, hashing algorithms. A deterministic algorithms takes an intial seed value as input and produces pseudo random numbers with falsely induced randomness. This research work extensively surveys large set of state-of-the-art PRNGs and categorizes them based on methodology used to produce them. We compared their statistical results obtained from various statistical test tools like NIST SP 800-22, TestU01. Finally, security analyses of various PRNGs were done quantitatively for their key space, key sensitivity, entropy, speed of bit generation, linear complexity. At last, we concluded the results with some future directions for researchers to carry out their research in improving the PRNGs.
Food management and surveillance using Viola Jones algorithm and Local Binary Pattern Histogram
Authors: Senthil K Manoj , Nirmala Devi P , Praveen Raj K G , Kavin M
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes an efficient system to manage the online food ordering, maintenance of employee attendance and provides auto surveillance. In this system, a camera will be placed at the entrance of the company. Whenever a person enters into the company, their faces are detected by the camera and features are extracted. Then those features are compared with the extracted features of the trained database. Two databases one employee database and other VIP database is maintained. When the features of a face get matched, the system will check whether the features are from the employee database or Very Important Person (VIP) database. When the match is from the employees list, the employee will be marked present. Then a unique code and the food ordering link will be sent to their mobile number. The ordered food will be delivered to the employee at the food court at the respective time slots. Suppose when the match is from the VIP list, an alert message will be sent to the reception desk along with the VIP ID. On the other hand, when the person photo is not matched, it will be saved in the unknown person list. When an employee leaves the company before the food is delivered, the food cancellation link will be sent to their respective mobile number to cancel the food order.
Enforcement of Highly Secured Dynamic ATM Pin Entry
Authors: Ranjith Kumar K , Reegha Shreyaa R , Thiyaneswaran K M , Santhosh R , Gururajan S
Published: February 2021

The proposes system carries implementing some real-time modifications to the existing systems. It implies with providing an additional special character along with the 4-digit pin rather than the conventional ATM pin. The special character ensures the implementation of a special mathematical algorithm which creates a dynamic security pin during each transaction, making each transaction highly secure. While the transaction is initiated, a set of special characters is displayed in the ATM screen. The display carries our special character (provided with our security pin) along with number of special characters. The count of the special character is to be noted and added along with the provided 4-digit security pin and entered. The importance of this algorithm is the count of the special character is varied dynamically during every transaction. It creates a new security pin during every transaction. The security pin entered during a transaction is stored in the bank server safely. It adds up a safety feature that, if somebody illicitly captures our security pin and illicitly try to enter it, it blocks the ATM and intimates the user. To help the blind person to access the ATM centres, a technique implemented for facial recognition and the transactions carryout securely. The facial recognition helps to initiate the transaction, following it the ATM provides voice command to help them to carry out the transactions with the braille keyboard.
A Unique Technique to Improve the Performance of Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave Imaging Application
Authors: Balaji A. , Karthi J. , Chinnammal V. , Malarvizhi C. , Vanaja S.
Published: February 2021

A highly directional Ultra-wideband (UWB) Vivaldi antenna is offered for the study of microwave imaging utilization and radar based technique. In this paper, a novel Vivaldi antenna is designed which improve the directivity, gain and bandwidth parameters of the antenna. Initially the desired performance is achieved by making some changing in the exponential tapered structure. Again some modifications are made in the top of the patch by adding some corrugations in the flaring section, so better performance improvement is obtained in the value of directivity, low frequency of operation, bandwidth and gain. The operating frequency of the tapered Vivaldi structure is 1.45GHz in the lower cut-off frequency whereas the upper cut-off frequency is 9.8GHz. The proposed corrugated Vivaldi antenna is fabricated using FR4 substrate prototype of the modified antenna is fabricated and experimentally studied as well.
Enhanced Crow Search Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing
Authors: Prasanna Kumar K R , Kousalya K , Vishnuppriya S , Ponni S , Logeswaran K
Published: February 2021

The task scheduling in the cloud computing environment seems to be the most noteworthy problem. It is the important move to enhance the cloud performance and efficiency. The nature inspired algorithms are applied to perform the scheduling in cloud. The Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) is used to assign the task to Virtual Machine (VM). In the CSA the random selection of task is used which may downgrade the performance of cloud. The random task selection is improved with task selection and VM selection algorithms. The improved version of CSA is called as Enhanced CSA (ECSA). The performance of ECSA compared with CSA and Max-Min algorithm.
Detection on sarcasm using machine learning classifiers and rule based approach
Authors: Sentamilselvan K. , Suresh P. , Kamalam G K , Mahendran S. , Aneri D.
Published: February 2021

Sentiment Analysis has been mainly used to understand the judgment of the text. It has been undergoing major provocation and irony detection is considered as one among the most provocations in it. Irony is the unusual way of narrating an information which disagrees the concept which leads to uncertainty. One primary task included by most developers is data preprocessing which includes many techniques like lemmatization, tokenization and stemming. Many researches are done under irony detection which includes many feature extraction techniques. Machine learning classifiers used for these researches are Support Vector Machine (SVM), linear regression, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest and many more. Results of these research works includes accuracy, precision, recall, F-score which can be used to predict the best suited model. In this paper various methodology used in irony text detection for Sentiment Analysis is discussed.
Adaptive Resource Management Utilizing Reinforcement Learning Technique in Inter-Cloud Environments
Authors: Kumar Vadla Pradeep , Prakash Kolla Bhanu
Published: February 2021

In cloud computing, the cloud provider agent offers the quality of service (QoS) for different categories of cloud consumer agents. In general, the inter-cloud environment provides resources as a virtual machine (VM) instance representing processing power, Memory allocated in RAM, and secondary storage for consumer agents with QoS guarantees. A service level agreement framework with a reinforcement learning mechanism is considered for provisioning VM’s for all categories of client classes. The parameters like cost of service, availability, and service demand are considered while provisioning VM’s in the inter-cloud environment. QoS violation happens because another set of cloud consumer agents receives the less no of VMs. In our approach, the adaptive resource provisioning is integrated with reinforcement learning mechanism during the service admission process and ensures the collaborated cloud providers will gain more profits without violation of SLA.
Real Time Cognitive State Prediction Analysis using Brain Wave Signal
Authors: Sophia S. , Devi D. , Maheswari S.
Published: February 2021

The teaching-learning process is seeing a big transformation in this digital age. It involves digital classrooms with various accessories of online tools such as video conferencing, digital materials, and other platforms for learning and assessment with options for both real-time and self-paced work in addition to the availability of teachers over video conferencing, text, phone, email, etc. To improve the online learning efficiency, assessing the cognitive state during the learning phase is highly required for the success of these developments. This work focused on cognitive state analysis during different learning tasks is determined by EEG brain signals that are captured using 128 channels Emotive Epoch headset device. Artifacts prominent in raw signals are filtered by linear filtering. Feature extraction for determination of concentration levels is done by applying fuzzy fractal dimension measures and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) on the processed signals. The classification of extracted parameters into concentration levels is done by using deep learning algorithms like Enhanced Convolutional Neural Network (ECNN). This ECNN deep learning classification is highly accurate amongst all other remaining classifiers and is used as a feedback model to regulate this cognitive state.
A Technical Review on Classification of Various Faults in Smart Grid Systems
Authors: Sarathkumar D , Srinivasan M , Stonier Albert Alexander , Samikannu Ravi , Dasari Narasimha Rao , Raj Raymon Antony
Published: February 2021

Increasing the technological developments of smart sensors, Information and communication tools (ICT) the traditional electric power systems have emerged with the improvement of Smart grids. Smart grid is defined as a modernized electric power grid with the integration of ICT tools and distributed generation (DG) resources into existing power system to provide continuous, stable and quality of power to all. Present smart grid electric power system network, the fault identification and mitigation is one of very critical task. Current power system structure transformed remarkably due to extension and integration of enormous amount of DG resources at delivery side. To confront the limitations of smart grids, existing fault identification and mitigation methods requires immoderate revision by making use of excellent facilities and tools. That will be useful to attain automation in fault detection, enhance the voltage stability, transient stability, and self-healing ability to perform the desired task. This paper is going to presents a detailed survey about target on various types of faults and fault detection methods in smart grids.
Recent mortality in Britain: a review of trends and explanations
Authors: Murphy Michael
Published: February 2021

The annual percentage improvement in standardised mortality rates in the period 2011–19 was the lowest for 70 years, whereas the 2001–10 value was the highest since records began in 1841. A similar slowdown occurred from around 2011 in most European Union countries, although this was generally less severe than in Britain. Life expectancy at birth actually fell in USA for three successive years in period 2014–17. The downturn in Britain since 2011 was wide-ranging, affecting young and old, women and men and the more and the less advantaged to a broadly similar extent. Year-to-year variation in mortality increased mainly due to increased volatility in winter excess mortality from 2011, but all seasons showed lower rates of improvement in underlying longer-term trends. Mortality had started to improve at the end of the decade and the 2019 value was the lowest-ever value in Britain. Two main explanations for these trends have been advanced: UK Government post-2008 austerity policies, especially in the health and social care sectors, and the role of seasonal influenza. However, the evidence for a dominant role for either of these is weak. Longer-term overall trends have been determined principally by trends in cardiovascular rather than non-cardiovascular causes of death, although recent changes in discovery and coding of dementias makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Healthy life expectancy trends are also affected by changes in data and methods, but the proportion of life spent in good health for both women and men over age 65 has increased slightly since 2010.
Dosgenes or deleterious recessives control late-acting self-incompatibility inHandroanthus heptaphyllus(Bignoniaceae)? A diallel study with four full-sib progeny arrays
Authors: Bianchi Marta B , Meagher Thomas R , Gibbs Peter E
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims

Genetically controlled self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms constrain selfing and thus have contributed to the evolutionary diversity of flowering plants. In homomorphic gametophytic SI (GSI) and homomorphic sporophytic SI (SSI), genetic control is usually by the single multi-allelic locus S. Both GSI and SSI prevent self pollen tubes reaching the ovary and so are pre-zygotic in action. In contrast, in taxa with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), rejection is often post-zygotic, since self pollen tubes grow to the ovary, where fertilization may occur prior to floral abscission. Alternatively, lack of self fruit set could be due to early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms underlying the lack of selfed fruit set in Handroanthus heptaphyllus in order to assess the likelihood of LSI versus EID.

Methods

We employed four full-sib diallels to study the genetic control of LSI in H. heptaphyllus using a precociously flowering variant. We also used fluorescence microscopy to study the incidence of ovule penetration by pollen tubes in pistils that abscised following pollination or initiated fruits.

Key Results

All diallels showed reciprocally cross-incompatible full sibs (RCIs), reciprocally cross-compatible full sibs (RCCs) and non-reciprocally compatible full sibs (NRCs) in almost equal proportions. There was no significant difference between the incidences of ovule penetrations in abscised pistils following self- and cross-incompatible pollinations, but those in successful cross-pollinations were around 2-fold greater.

Conclusions

A genetic model postulating a single S locus with four S alleles, one of which, in the maternal parent, is dominant to the other three, will produce RCI, RCC and NRC full sib situations each at 33 %, consistent with our diallel results. We favour this simple genetic control over an EID explanation since none of our pollinations, successful or unsuccessful, resulted in partial embryo development, as would be expected under a whole-genome EID effect.