bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COLLOCATIONS SEBAGAI TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SPEAKING FLUENCY PADA MATA KULIAH ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
Authors: Yuniarti Yuniarti , Yulian Ryani
Published: January 2020

Minimnya exposure dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris dan lemahnya pengetahuan akan penggunaan ekspresi atau frasa kalimat yang tepat, lazim dan wajar seringkali  menjadi faktor ketidaklancaran dalam speaking. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan speaking fluency menggunakan collocations sebagai Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT). Dengan menerapkan metode  penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research), penelitian ini melibatkan 28 mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PG PAUD) Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang menghasilkan peningkatan nilai rata-rata speaking performance mahasiswa secara signifikan yaitu dari 55.50 menjadi 68.50. Selain itu, persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan collocations sebagai Task-based Language Teaching  dalam meningkatkan speaking fluency sangat baik dan positif karena metode ini melatih dan membiasakan  untuk menggunakan istilah bahasa Inggris yang tepat, lazim, dan wajar seperti yang biasa digunakan oleh penutur asli / native speaker (88%), memberikan kesempatan mahasiswa  untuk belajar bahasa Inggris secara komunikatif dan kolaboratif (85%), dan meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dalam hal kelancaran dan kefasihan (82%) serta  menambah pengetahuan  tentang frasa dan penggabungan kata (87%). Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran bahasa Inggris berbasis tugas menunjukkan  bahwa penggunaan collocations sebagai task-based language teaching efektif  dalam meningkatkan speaking fluency mahasiswa.
Economic Losses of Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sihaloho Estro Dariatno , Rahma Rahma , Senja Wandira Larasati , Pitriyan Pipit , Siregar Adiatma Y.M
Published: January 2020

The knowledge of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding is still low in East Nusa Tenggara. Many families have started providing complementary foods like bananas or porridge, to their babies when they are only 2 months old. Providing complementary foods since babies 2 months old will increase the possibility of diarrhea and pneumonia/respiratory of babies. This study has three objectives. The first objective tries to estimate the economic impact of non-breastfeeding in East Nusa Tenggara. The second objective tries to calculate the health system medical cost and the third objective tries to calculate the patient/non-medical cost. This paper calculates the patient cost from 153 patient data collected from Kupang district in 2016. This paper estimates the economic impact by combining the health system cost, patient/non-medical cost with the prevalence data from IDHS 2012. This study finds that total economic losses caused by non-exclusive breastfeeding due to diarrhea and pneumonia/respiratory about US$ 2,718,497.  This study finds the average cost due to non-exclusive breastfeeding for diarrhea cases about US$ 9.3 and PRD cases about US$8.4.
Strategi Manajemen Meningkatkan Kinerja dan Pelayanan Anggota Koperasi Produksi Pedagang Kota Depok
Authors: Shahreza Dhona , Lindiawatie Lindiawatie
Published: January 2020

Koperasi Produksi Pedagang Kota Depok (KPPD) berdiri sejak 2016 namun kehadirannya tidak mampu menarik pedagang mikro dan kecil di pasar untuk aktif menjadi anggota. Bahkan, kini hanya 50 orang anggota yang aktif dari 300 orang yang terdaftar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi manajemen KPPD dalam meningkatkan kinerja dan pelayanan kepada anggotanya. Metode kualitatif deskriptif diterapkan dengan  pengumpulan data melalui wawancara terstruktur dan semi terstruktur terhadap pengurus dan pengelola koperasi, dokumentasi dan observasi langsung ke koperasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis SWOT dengan mengidentifikasi faktor eksternal dan internal untuk mendapatkan matriks SWOT. Hasil penelitian merumuskan strategi manajemen yang fokus pada peningkatan aset dan profit dengan cara membuat dan meningkatkan kualitas produk/jasa dan memperluas saluran pemasaran. Adapun strategispesifik yang dirumuskan berupa: 1) Strategi SO dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas SDM, Perluasan usaha tidak saja berupa simpan pinjam, meningkatkan komitmen pengurus, Memperkuat pangsa pasar; 2) Strategi STdengancara membangun fasilitas yang memadai, meningkatkan kepercayaan anggota dan calon anggota, menetapkan strategi pemasaran; 3) Strategi WOdengancara menambah modal baru, memperketat syarat pinjaman, meningkatkan komitmen anggota,meningkatkan promosi, meningkatkan kualtitas pelayanan dan 4) Strategi WT dengan cara meningkatkan strategi manajemen yang efektif dan efisien, menampilkan keunggulan produk yang berdaya saing, bekerja sama dengan pemerintah untuk memperkuat koperasi.

 
Gabrielle Ferrieres - 'Jean Cavailles'. Combat philosopher. 1903-44.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: January 2020

The young Cavailles : Chapter 1. Childhood.
PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT MENGGUNAKAN HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
Authors: Cahyana Gede H
Published: January 2020

Activated sludge is a wastewater treatment reactor widely applied for hospital. The reactor requires a mechanical aerator as a source of oxygen. At the same time, Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland is rarely used. Both types of reactors utilize microbes in reducing pollutants of wastewater. The role of microbes in activated sludge is taken over by microbes that grow in the root zone of Typha latifolia and Vetiver sp. Two laboratory scale reactors were made to get serial data on the performance of the two plants in treating hospital wastewater. The result, the removal efficiency of COD on Q1 = 0.13 l/h and COD on Q2 = 0.43 l/h for Typha latifolia plants were 87.71% and 67.61%. On Vetiver sp. plants were 90,07% and 68,32%. The removal efficiency of BOD5 on Q1 = 0.13 l/h and Q2 = 0.43 l/h for Typha latifolia plants were 90.00% and 71.7%. On Vetiver sp. plants were 91.69% and 73.29%. The efficiency of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen removal (TKN) Q1 = 0.13 l/h and Q2 = 0.43 l/h for Typha latifolia plants were 91.27% and 61.54%, whereas in Vetiver sp. plants were 92.01% and 62.68%. Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland is capable and feasible for hospital wastewater treatment.
TANTANGAN PENDIDIKAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA YANG PROGRESIF DAN DEMOKRATIS
Authors: Napitupulu Udin
Published: January 2020

Pendidikan progresif yang demokratis menghendaki suatu perencanaan pendidikan dankurikulum atas prinsip-prinsip yang dinamis dan demokratis, bukan pola-polastatis. Apayang mereka butuhkan dalam kurikulum ialah mendorong perkembangan pribadi yangmeliputi perkembangan minat, berfikir dan kemampuan praktis. Dalam hal ini filsafatprogresivisme ingin membentuk keluaran (output) yang dihasilkan dari pendidikansekolah yang memiliki keahlian dan kecakapan (skill) yang langsung dapat diterapkan dimasyarakat luas. Pendidikan progresivisme yang demokratis menghendaki bentuk yangbervariasi dan isi kurikulum yang kaya nilai moral, serta pemerataan dalam pendidikan
The opposite effect of infinitesimal molecule dilutions due to quantum information conservation
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: January 2020

Two axioms explain the contrary effect produced in infinitesimal dilutions.
Gravity and super-curvature the phase space
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: January 2020

gravity and super-curvature the phase space
DeWitt geometry and the wave equation in hyper-volume
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: January 2020

DeWitt geometry and the wave equation in hyper-volume
Imagined “imagined conversations”. (Brief note on Danescu/Lee 2011)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: January 2020

Flaws in Cornell Movie-Dialogs Corpus.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Manajerial Terhadap Kinerja Ketua Tim Profesi I(onsultan Dengan Kompetensi Emosional Sebagai Variabel Moderator
Authors: mulyadi
Published: January 2020

System certification (competency test) for individuals who will undergo professional world in consulting services continue to be developed. No exception to the role of team leeder is a profession that individuals responsible for the implementation of consulting services. For the purposes of this analysis of the role of competencies necessary for a team leader in performing the taskc consulting services. lndications ability is manifested in the form of independent variables competencies necessary for a team Ieader that managerial competence and emotional competence in addition to competency skills that have been owned by ptroof of their certification. The analysis aims to look at the extent of the influence on the performance of managerial competence to the team leader role as moderator of emotional contpetence in managing the task force (task force). Analysis of the influence done by multiple linear regression, the independent variable (managerial competence), moderator variable (emotional competencies) and the dependent variable (performance).
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. WIRA EKA PERSADATAMA KENDARI
Authors: Madi Riski Amalia , Vernanda Valen , Ansir
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menguji secara empiris Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu Dan Lingkunan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Wira Eka Persadatama Kendari. Teknik Pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sensus, yaitu teknik penentuan responden dengan mengambil semua jumlah populasi dalam penelitian. sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Dengan menggunakan SPSS 16.Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa: secara simultan variabel karakteristik individu dan Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Wira Eka Persadatama Kendari Kendari. Karakteristik individu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Wira Eka Persadatama Kendari. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Wira Eka Persadatama Kendari.Kata kunci: karakteristik individu, lingkungan kerja, dan kinerja karyawan.
Pengembangan Dan Pengelolaan Pasar : Study Kasus Pasar Raya Padang
Authors: mulyadi
Published: January 2020

Pasar Raya Padang as well as elsewhere is a site of transactions between sellers (supply) and buyers (demand). Market Management Raya be vested. in the OffIce of Market, in this case the development efforts and market development by prividing opportunities for small businesses (community) to participate, using public facilities (public) as a pIace of business they hope one or two years they (the informal sector) will be able to enter into the formal sector. This incident created where the market as-center of community interaction and development centers and growth. becomes chaotic and disorganized. Office market as an organization that is authoized to regulate and develop the market must necessarily formulate changes they will execute. Changes made should be realized as a whole and not one part of it that is in a sense made in the strategic and operational aspect. A prosses of change always brings two opposing effect of positive and negative impacts. Both of these effects dependscompletely on the formulation of the vision of the changes that are formulated and if accuracy is not effective formulation it is possible that there will be negative impact or unwanted changes. Errors may occur in the formulation stage of the vision of change, but when did the breakdown error or inaccuracy vision statement will appear and then be able to make corrections
Artikel-Pemeriksaan Fungsi Ginjal
Authors: Irawan Putra Adi
Published: January 2020

Pemeriksaan fungsi ginjal sangat penting dilakukan untuk penegakkan diagnosis penyakit ginjal. Terdapat beberapa parameter dalam evaluasi kesehatan ginjal diantaranya: Kreatinin, Urea, Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus, Cystatin-C, dan Albumin (In Bahasa-Indonesia)
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI HOLDING PERIOD SAHAM PADA SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2016-2018
Authors: Hamrullah Rijal , Wahyullah Muhammad , Prathama Baiq Desthania
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh market value, earnings per share, dividend payout ratio dan return on asset secara parsial dan simultan terhadap holding period pada sektor makanan dan minuman perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sektor makanan dan minuman perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018. Dari populasi sebanyak 20 perusahaan diperoleh 10 perusahaan sebagai sampel dengan periode pengamatan selama tiga tahun (2016-2018). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data disimpulkan bahwa market value, dividend payout ratio dan earnings per share tidak berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap holding period saham. Sedangkan return on asset berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap holding period saham. Hasil uji kesesuaian model menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan market value, earnings per share, dividend payout ratio dan return on asset berpengaruh terhadap holding period saham. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai F hitung sebesar 3,912 dan nilai signifikansi 0,013. Hasil koefisien determinasi (adjusted R2) menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh market value, earnings per share dividend payout ratio dan return on asset, dalam menjelaskan Holding Period Saham sebesar 38,50%, dan sisanya dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini
Hypertext device for forensic text in courtroom context
Authors: Fuat Keyman , Kathrane Sade
Published: January 2020

In a hypertext device for forensic text in courtroom context, the anchor rarely defines the nature of the link which it maintains with the target, the information to which it points. But navigation cannot be reduced to successive actions carried out on links. It is a rich and complex activity made up for the reader of defined waiting horizons, of cognitive patterns which are sometimes largely implicit and which function as frameworks of coherence. Thus, the hypertext link, which generates so much disorientation in an activity of information research and in the exploitation of documents with informative, explanatory or argumentative value, can turn out to be a formidable narrative efficiency in a narrative interactive. The interactive narrative is a particularly relevant object for understanding the way in which the frames inherited from a traditional form of reading are invested in the digital field, which are a source of coherence but which are simultaneously seen to be profoundly renewed by the exploitation of certain properties of hypertext devices for forensic text in courtroom context.
Noisy is better than rare: Comprehenders compromise subject-verb agreement to form more probable linguistic structures
Authors: Keshev Maayan , Meltzer-Asscher Aya
Published: January 2020

Production and perception errors are common in everyday language use. Recent studies suggest that in order to overcome the flawed speech signal, comprehenders engage in rational noisy-channel processing, which can pull their interpretation towards more probable “near-neighbor” analyses, based on the assumption that an error may have occurred in the transmission of the sentence. We investigate this type of processing using subject/object relative clause ambiguity in Hebrew. In four self-paced reading experiments and a sentence completion experiment, we find that during online processing, readers apply elaborate knowledge regarding the distribution of structures in the language, and that they are willing to compromise subject-verb agreement to refrain from (grammatical but) highly improbable structures. The results suggest that the prior probability of alternative analyses modulates the interpretation of agreement.
Review of the Landscape Model of reading: composition, dynamics and application
Authors: Bernabeu Pablo
Published: January 2020

Throughout the 1990s, two theories were used to explain how people understand texts. The gap between those was bridged by the Landscape Model (van den Broek, Young, Tzeng, & Linderholm, 1999). A review is offered, including a schematic presentation of the Landscape Model.
Breaking human social decision making into multiple components and then putting them together again
Authors: Suzuki Shinsuke , O'Doherty John
Published: January 2020

Most of our waking time as human beings is spent interacting with other individuals. In order to make good decisions in this social milieu, it is often necessary to make inferences about the internal states, traits and intentions of others. Recently, some progress has been made to uncover the neural computations underlying human social decision-making by combining functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) with computational modeling of behavior. Modeling of behavioral data allows us to identify key computations necessary for decision-making and how these computations are integrated. Furthermore, by correlating these computational variables against neuroimaging data, it has become possible to elucidate where in the brain various computational variables are implemented during social decision making. Here we review the current state of knowledge in the domain of social computational neuroscience. Findings to date have emphasized that social decisions are driven by multiple computations that are conducted in parallel and which are implemented in distinct brain regions. We suggest that further progress is going to depend on identifying how and where such variables get integrated in order to yield a coherent behavioral output.
Support from a TMS/MEP study for a direct link between positive/negative stimuli and approach/avoidance tendencies
Authors: Fini Chiara , Fischer Maja , Bardi Lara , Brass Marcel , Moors Agnes
Published: January 2020

Previous behavioral studies using stimulus-response compatibility tasks have shown that people are faster to carry out instructed approach/avoidance responses to positive/negative stimuli. This result has been taken as evidence that positive/negative stimulus valence directly activates a tendency to approach/avoid, which in turn, facilitates execution of instructed approach/avoidance behavior. In these studies, however, it cannot be excluded that the results reflect a purely semantic link between stimulus valence and instructed responses. According to this alternative interpretation, positive/negative stimuli do not elicit an approach/avoidance tendency, but instead they interact with the positive/negative valence of the instructed responses, and in this way, produce the observed compatibility effect. To circumvent this possible disadvantage of compatibility tasks, we used a novel method for the measurement of early action tendencies: TMS induced MEPs. In two experiments, participants were first trained to abduct the index finger to approach and the thumb to avoid. Then, they observed a series of positive and negative stimuli. Each stimulus was followed by a TMS pulse (at 400 ms post-stimulus onset) and MEPs were measured continuously on the muscles of both fingers. These observation trials were randomly intermixed with response trials, in which neutral stimuli were presented and participants were instructed to approach/avoid the stimuli. In Experiment 1, participants received clear visual feedback on the outcome of their response in the response trials. In Experiment 2, we omitted this feedback to test whether it was necessary for the effect to occur. The results indicated higher MEPs for the approach/avoidance finger after positive/negative stimuli in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. Analyses on the data aggregated over both experiments suggest that the visual feedback was necessary for stimulus valence to elicit action tendencies. Taken together, the results are in line with the results of behavioral studies with compatibility tasks, suggesting that stimulus valence directly elicits specific action tendencies already at 400 ms but they indicate that clear visual feedback is necessary for this effect to occur.
Developmental relations between ADHD symptoms and bullying perpetration and victimisation in adolescence
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Zych Izabela , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: January 2020

It has previously been hypothesised that individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms are at greater risk of bullying perpetration and victimization; however, a lack of high-quality longitudinal data has meant that this hypothesis is yet to be adequately tested. Using autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals (ALT-SR) and four waves (ages 11, 13, 15 and 17) of longitudinal data from the BLINDED STUDY NAME (n=1526, 52% male), we evaluated the developmental relations between ADHD and bullying using both self- and teacher-reported ADHD symptom data. Analyses suggested that ADHD symptoms primarily increase the risk of bullying perpetration, with a within-person effect of ADHD symptoms on bullying perpetration symptoms identified across ages 13 to 15 (β=.13) and ages 15 to 17 (β=.19) based on self-reported ADHD symptoms; and a similar effect identified across ages 11 to 13 (β=.24) and 13 to 15 (β=.29) based on teacher-reported inattention symptoms. There were also some indications of reciprocal effects and effects involving victimization that merit further exploration in future research. Results imply that the content of bullying intervention and prevention programs should take account of ADHD symptoms in order to ensure that those with elevated ADHD symptoms can benefit from these interventions as much as their typically developing peers. This will involve addressing bullying perpetration that may reflect impulsive/reactive aggression and impaired social skills rather than instrumental aggression. Further, programs should go beyond classical curriculum/classroom-based delivery to ensure that individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms can be successfully engaged.
The racialized glass escalator and safety net: Wages and job quality in “meds and eds” among working-class men
Authors: Dill Janette , Hodges Melissa
Published: January 2020

Past research has shown that minority men are more likely to enter female-dominated occupations, but less is known about their job quality in these fields in contrast to other employment options. In this study, we use the 2004 and 2008 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine whether the female-dominated industries of education and health care produce better job quality in terms of wages, benefits, hours, and job security for working-class men relative to other industries, with emphasis on differences by race-ethnicity. We find that although workers in the education and health care industries fared better during the Great Recession as compared to other industries, effects for wages, health insurance, hours, and layoff for working-class men of color were substantially lower as compared to white men. We find strong evidence of a racialized glass escalator, but also a racialized safety net in the care sector post-recession: the health care and education industries provide better job quality for white men than men of color, though they are less likely to be in these jobs, and these sectors were more protective of white men as compared to minorities during the recession.
Limited detraditionalization of intimacy: Growing socioeconomic differences in contraceptive use at first intercourse in Italy
Authors: Struffolino Emanuela , Zagel Hannah
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates links between social inequality and reproductive behavior. It complements the extensive research on the stratification of young adults' life chances in education and the labor market by considering changes over time in the stratification of contraceptive use at first intercourse by parental background. We seek to understand detraditionalization trends in young people’s sexually intimate behavior by investigating whether these trends were driven by particular social groups and how they were supported by policy initiatives. We study Italy from 1950-2006, which shows strong regional and socioeconomic disparities, and comparatively slow changes in religion and gender norms. Data from the “Survey on Italians’ Sexual Behavior” (2006) and macro indicators on family planning centers are used. The findings show a steep increase in contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse over time, stratified by parental background, but only for condom use. We did not find that family planning centers intervened in these relationships.
Can we learn from our mistakes? A case study of failure to implement evidence-based mental health policy within the UK NHS hierarchy
Authors: Foreman David
Published: January 2020

I examined the failure of the UK mental health framework policy NSF-9 to sustain the intended development in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in England from its inception in 2003. NSF-9 used Evidence-Based Policy/Practice (EBP) with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) derived from both research and expert practitioner advice. Adequate funding was provided, the workforce was engaged from the outset, and the KPIs were supported by dedicated data collection and dissemination systems, so failure was unexpected. I reviewed theories from the social sciences of Public Administration and Policy Research (PAPR) from the perspective of three questions. 1. Are there applicable Public Administration Theories (PATs) that can account for this unexpected outcome?2. Did the metrics used, or their delivery, have administrative or policy characteristics which undermined their expected impact?3. Are there organisational factors, separate from EBP commitment, which could have jeopardised the NSF model?I undertook a qualitative synthesis of the findings of several qualitative and quantitative datasets, using constant comparison between the datasets’ results and candidate PATs. I concluded that the currently accepted explanation; NSF-9’s failure was caused by inadequacies in culture and values was incomplete, as they resulted from weaknesses in the EBP model itself. When I applied relevant PATs to the data, it was clear NSF-9 had many faults as a policy within the NHS bureaucracy, which were not compensated within its design, and drove its eventual failure. I concluded that policy success without including evidence from PAPR is extremely uncertain, and is a continuing structural risk, as there is currently a disjunction between PAPR and Health Services Research. This needs urgent correction.
Desain Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Berdasarkan Konten Kitab Kuning dan Kompetensi Literasi Saintifik
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini menyusun desain pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak berdasarkan konten kitab kuning dan kompetensi literasi saintifik, mengggunakan pendekatan R&D model 4D yaitu: define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran, kami menggunakan format observasi pelaksanaan dan mengukur literasi saintifik siswa. Luaran penelitian ini adalah desain pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak berdasarkan konten kitab kuning dan kompetensi literasi saintifik yang keabsahan dan keandalan didasarkan kepada pelaksanaan dalam satu tahun pembelajaran.
Motivation and Attitude towards Studying Tourism among Students of Kaski District, Nepal
Authors: Palikhe Amin , Adhikari Nabin Bahadur , Mulmi Sudan Kumar
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to find the factors that motivate students to study tourism in the colleges of Nepal and to identify selection patterns for studying tourism subject through analysis of socio demographic determinants according to gender, study level and college type. This study is designed as a descriptive and analytical study based on primary data. A total of 124 respondents collected from Kaski district as data input during November 2018 and data are collected using structure questionnaire. Chi-square test is used to determine factors associated with studying tourism in colleges of Nepal according to gender, study level and college type. Cronbach’s alpha has been used to test reliability and validity. The result shows that gender has no association with all motivational variables for studying tourism in colleges of Nepal. Study level is associated with motivational variables such as learning value, self-efficacy, interest and emerging subject. College type is associated with motivational variables such as learning value, self-efficacy, social status and interest (p<0.05). This study is particularly relevant for tourism subject teaching colleges and can help them for developing strategies for promotion of tourism subjects. Colleges studying tourism subjects must focus on the various opportunity areas that can be achieve by studying tourism subject to attract students.
Determinants of Households’ Adaptation Practices against Climate Change Impact on Off Farm Activities in Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Ananta Raj , Khand Purna Bahadur
Published: January 2020

Study on adaptation practices against climate change impact in agriculture sector have been explored extensively globally but adaptation practices against climate change impact on off farm activities are not studied in detail. This study aims to analyze the determinants of households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off farm activities in Nepal. It utilizes the data generated from nationally representative samples of National Climate Change Impact Survey, 2016 conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics. Total sample size of this survey was 5060 households. But for this paper, total of 4114 samples were considered. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off-farm activities in Nepal. Most of the respondents are male of age 40-54 years, from non-Brahmin/Chhetri caste/ethnicity, illiterate, with lowest income Quintile, from tropical climate zone and without getting any services from agricultural service center. Females ageless likely to have adaptation practices towards off farm activities (started more off-farm activities; shifted to non-agricultural employment; and temporary out-migration) in compared with male. Non-Brahmin/Chhetri caste/ethnicity with reference to Brahmin/Chhetri is the determining factor for the adaptation practices (shifted to non-agricultural employment; and temporary out-migration). Status of receiving any services from agricultural service center, years of experience in agricultural sector and sub-tropical climate zone with reference to tropical zone are the common determining factors for households’ adaptation practices towards off farm activities against climate change impact in Nepal.
Inter-generational Mobility in Occupations of People in Rural Nepal
Authors: Aryal Badri , Devkota Durga , Devkota Naba Raj
Published: January 2020

This paper attempts to investigate the causal factors for occupational variation between father and son using Nepalese data from rural context. A well-structured questionnaire schedule was used to collect information from a total of 385 father son pairs in Gajuri rural municipality of Province No 3 in Dhadingdistrict of Nepal. Information was collected from those father and/or son, the senior son of a father who was married at the time of interview and whose father was alive. Three sets of variables were isolated as having an effect on the occupational relationships between father and son; father's characteristics, son’s characteristics and household characteristics. Findings revealed that three fifths of all sons adopted occupations different than their fathers. Chi-square statistics revealed a statistically significant relationship between occupation of father and occupation of son revealing a high level of occupational persistence in between generations. Binary logistic regression revealed that sons of the fathers holding salaried job/business and trades as well as those having wage labour are more likely to catch father’s occupation than the sons of farmers. Among all explanatory measures, sons' own level of education and migration experiences are powerful determinant for whether son adopts occupations different than their fathers or not.
Social and Psychological Experiences of Senior Citizens to Cope with Their Lives
Authors: Paudel Kalpana
Published: January 2020

Aging is a normal, inevitable, biological and universal phenomenon and is the outcome of certain structural and physiological changes that take place in different parts of the body as the life years increases. During ageing process, coping with the situations of everyday life and meeting its demands become more difficult than before. This study mainly focused on the experiences of senior citizens to cope with their lives. A descriptive qualitative case study design was used to explore the experiences. Twenty-five senior citizens from Pokhara Aged Shelter were selected in the study. In-depth interview was used to collect primary data. Qualitative data was recorded; transcribed and thematic analysis was made. Elderly people express themselves as useless and worthless. They think that they have nothing to contribute to social life and the community. Social activities are reduced after ageing. They have fear of pain, disability, decline, loss of control and death and also have feelings of anxiety, fear and powerlessness. Elderly people have negative feelings such as emptiness, sadness, resignation, frustration, loneliness and regret because of being alone, limited activities or troubles to cope with ageing. They feel discouraged and helpless. During the ageing process, they give up daily activities gradually. Elderly people missed having somebody to share their small daily experiences. Family is an important factor that contributed to the elderly people’s ability to cope with. Hence, the issue of senior citizen and old age should be addressed appropriately as other social problems in society.
Effects of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Baral Krishna Babu
Published: January 2020

Financial intermediaries and stock markets are important for the economic growth. The relationship between stock market development and economic growth has been extensively studied in the recent years. This study used analytical research design that involves bi-variate analysis by using simple regression model to examine the relationship between stock market development (measured by size and liquidity of the stock market) and economic growth (measured by logarithm of capital GDP at constant price) in Nepal during the period 2007-2017. Secondary data were collected from the official websites of Ministry of Finance (MoF) and Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). It is assumed that economic growth is the function of stock market development for the purpose of data analysis. Empirical results of this study indicate significant positive relationship between economic growth and stock market development. Moreover, stock market development explained considerable variations in economic growth of Nepal i.e. size of the stock market explained 57.7 percent, and liquidity of the stock market explained 41.6 percent variation in economic growth of Nepal.
Exploring Teacher Traits in Classroom Practices
Authors: Neupane Nabaraj
Published: January 2020

Teachers play a key role to proliferate the educational system as they are at the implementation level of educational acts, rules and regulations. Their traits are at a flux because of temporal and contextual variations encountered in different settings. This context led this study to explore teacher traits in real classroom practices. To achieve this goal, phenomenological research design, as a type of qualitative inquiry, has been adopted. The population of the study comprised the stakeholders of Bachelor of Mountain Tourism Management (BMTM) programme conducted in Janapriya Multiple Campus, Pokhara. The tool for collecting information was non-participant class observation, in which three classes were observed. The results of the study reveal that teacher traits can be measured by triad roles like professional, administrative, and social dimensions. The study implies that teachers should be aware of these triad roles; and the current pedagogical trends and practices.
Shattered Dreams and Stolen Childhood: A Study of Child Labour and Child Rights in Restaurants and Hotels of Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Prakash
Published: January 2020

Nepal is committed to end child labour expressed by the ratification of ILO convention and its national plan of action for children and Master Plan to end child labour. However, the wicked problem’ of child labour is increasing at an alarming rate in urban areas. New hotels and restaurants have been opened and along with it a new way of child labour exploitation has emerged in urban centres. Most of the workers in restaurants/hotels of Pokhara are children. The employers of such business prefer child labour as they are cheap and can be easily exploited. This study attempts to determine the extent to which child labour constitutes a violation of child rights. Pedestal on theories of exploitation and structural-functionalism the study result reveals that condition of child labourers is disgraceful with a shattered dream and stolen childhood—a result of family dysfunction and child rights violation by employer that has thwarted the opportunities for healthy adulthood under a vicious cycle of deprivation, abuse and exploitation. Amid noxious relationship between child labourer and the employer, child labourers face violence and sexual harassment by employer, senior staff and customers. Heavy workload, trouncing and dragging by hair and ill-treatment are the common violence faced by child labourer. Most of the employers are ignorant of child rights. It is a paradox that child labourer is valuable for employer but the life of child labourer is worthless. Most of the child labourers are willing to rehabilitate.
Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth of Nepal
Authors: Khadka Ramesh Bahadur
Published: January 2020

Trade openness has been considered as an important determinant of economic growth. It has been witnessed during the past couple of decades that international trade openness has played a significant role in the growth process of both developed and developing countries. International organizations such as Word Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund and World Bank are constantly advising, especially developing countries, to speed up the process of trade liberalization to achieve high economic growth. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth of Nepal. For this purpose, all the data regarding gross domestic product, export, import, total trade, trade balance of Nepal from 1980 A.D. to 2013 A.D. published by World Bank (2014) were used. Both descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Correlation analysis was used to find the correlation between the selected variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to analyze the impact of the trade liberalization in economic growth of Nepal. Trade cost does not explain any influence in gross domestic product, export, import, total trade and trade balance. The impact of trade openness is positive for all variables except trade balance. Trade openness has influenced economy significantly; import increased with purchasing power, export also increased but service only. Therefore, there is gap in export and imports.
Preoperative Anxiety and Social Support among Patients undergoing Surgery
Authors: Sharma Sharada , Gharti Kamala
Published: January 2020

Most patients awaiting surgery experience anxiety. The study aims to assess the levels of preoperative anxiety and social support, determine the association of background variables with levels of preoperative anxiety and social support and to examine the relationship between levels of preoperative anxiety with social support. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients undergoing surgery in a government Hospital, Pokhara. The study period was from September 2016 to August 2017. Total sample was 442 patients scheduled for surgery. Data was collected through Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire for anxiety and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support through face to face interview. Ethical approval was obtained from IRC, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University. Data were entered and analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).The total 94.1 percent of patients were married and 52 percent had low living standard. High level of preoperative anxiety and social support are seen in 42.1 and 64.3 percent respectively. Preoperative anxiety had significant statistical association with standard of living, experience of past operation, and types of operation(p<0.05). Social support had significant statistical association with age, gender, residence, standard of living, and types of operation (p<0.05). Correlation between preoperative anxiety and social support insignificant (r = -.133, p = 0.005) at the 0.05 level. As social support increased; preoperative anxiety decreased. Therefore, health care provider should identify patients with high anxiety, encourage them to talk about their feelings and facilitate more time with their families.
Basic Accounting System & Recent Taxation Issues
Authors: Sharma Bed Nath
Published: January 2020

Not available.
Drug Error beyond the Hospital and Role of Pharmacists in drug Safety Process
Authors: Khan Gulam Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Medication related error is one of the most common error prevailing in this time. Medication error can be defined as a ‘failure in the treatment process that leads to or has potential to lead to harm to the patient. Medication error can occur from the process of ordering to the administration to the patient. Among the healthcare professionals; a pharmacist can be responsible in identification of contributing factors and reducing its occurrence. Great efforts are needed in this area, due to diversity in the types of errors, the relationship between the provider and the patient, information transfer, optimization of e-prescribing systems, the lack of adequate training in analyzing the collected data and poor practical strategies for maintaining accurate drug lists in electronic medical records. Recently healthcare professionals have started becoming aware about the risks of patients’ medication exposure. After all, still the area of medication safety beyond the hospital setting needs community pharmacy intervention to avoid malpractice claims and misled decisions in solving medication safety-related problems in the outpatient setting. Approaches like medication reviews and reconciliation, monitoring drug therapy, reporting error will help in identify and prompt the detection of errors, open productive discussions, quality control checks, and effective system-based decisions like performing risk assessment subsequently reduces the harm and risks before patient is exposed to any form of drug error.
Revisiting Capitalism through Social Business Model
Authors: Bhandari Krishna Raj , Baral Kshitiz
Published: January 2020

Seeing the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union gave a false hope to the proponent of capitalism that it is the only hope for the future. However, this very belief is crumbling the western societies with the rise of the populism and nationalism. Amidst this confusion, this paper revisited the published literature on social business model suggested by Nobel Laureate prof. Muhammad Yunus and added a new dimension of entrepreneurial attention suggested by Ocasio (1997). Propositions are derived on how the entrepreneurial attention increases the sustainable performance of the social business.
Human infection with pandemic Influenza (H1N1): A Review Article
Authors: Karmacharya Ranjita
Published: January 2020

Swine flu, also known as the H1N1 virus, is new strain of an influenza virus that causes symptoms similar to the regular flu. It originated in pigs, but is spread rapidly from person to person. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to highlight on H1N1 Influenza, its mode of transmission, risk factor, clinical spectrums and preventive ways. Studies published relevant to swine flu was searched through scientific databases like MEDLINE, Pubmed and online search engines like ‘Google Scholar’. Eligible studies involved at least one factor related to ‘influenza A virus’, ‘H1N1 subtype’, ‘epidemiology’, ‘transmission” and ‘preventive measures’ etc. Searches were limited to human only and also looked at the websites of the leading health authorities (e.g. WHO, CDC, HPA). Swine is a new flu virus that appears in human and spreads very quickly from person to person. In Nepal, the first case was detected on June 2009 after that the case is increasing day by day. In 2010 till May there were 172 confirmed positive cases, likewise on August 7, 2017 there were 10 death and 354 positive cases of swine flu in Nepal. Therefore, Government of Nepal has broadcasted awareness programs, organized seminars and meetings, to make people aware regarding H1N1 Influenza. But, it seems challenging to decrease its outbreak in Nepal because of low financial resources, low manpower, limited technology and political instability.
Bacterial Diversity in Aquatic Ecosystems over the Central Himalayas, Nepal: Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Adhikari Namita Paudel , Adhikari Subash , Paudel Ganesh
Published: January 2020

Nepal hosts a large area of freshwater aquatic ecosystem including glacier associated system like glacier-fed streams and lakes as well as stream fed lowland lakes. Bacteriological studies are very important in aquatic ecosystems as bacteria are the major participants in biogeochemical cycles and food web structures. This study reviewed available literature in bacteriological studies of aquatic ecosystems in the Central Himalayas, Nepal and revealed that such studies are very limited. Thus, we conclude that future research works need to proceed through the latest molecular methods with high throughput technique using multiple environmental factors in the aquatic ecosystem.
Intricacies of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Arable Land Crop Production in Cameroon
Authors: Tambi Mbu Daniel , Nanyongo Nganje Sophie , Njuh Chuo Joshua
Published: January 2020

This study emphasizes on the contribution of organic and chemical fertilizer application to arable land on Crop production in Cameroon”. The objective of this research is to determine the correlates of fertilizer application on arable land and determine their effects on arable land production as well as decompose the arable land effected by the application of organic and chemical fertilizer. The analysis method used was the instrumental-cum-control function model in Cameroon household consumption survey. The result shows that fertilizer is strongly correlating with arable land production. The magnitude of this effect is stronger in organic fertilizer than in chemical fertilizer. Besides, land size, professional training, average annual precipitation, the use of modern technology, male household head, urban residence and the cost of fertilizer are factors positively and significantly influencing the application of fertilizer on arable land in Cameroon. In terms of policy, this study recommends that the government of Cameroon should increase and subsidize the supply of Fertilizer to farmers given the right conditions. This is an essential booster of agricultural production in this era of food security.JEL Classification: Q12, Q18, Q20