Integration of Cardiovascular Control Systems in Dynamic Exercise
Authors: Rowell Loring B. , O'Leary Donal S. , Kellogg Dean L. 
Published: November 2010

The sections in this article are:

I. Intrinsic Properties of the Cardiovascular System: How They Permit the Rise in Cardiac Output

The Heart

Intrinsic Properties of the Heart

Pericardial Constraints

The Vascular System

Distribution of Resistance, Conductance, and Compliance

Dependency ofCVPon Cardiac Output

Mechanical Effects on the Circulation—Auxiliary Pumps

Does Exercise Reduce Systemic Vascular Compliance?

Neural Control of the Vascular System during Exercise: How Important?

Balance between Mechanical and Neural Effects on Blood Flow and Blood Volume Distribution

II. Reflex Control of the Cardiovascular System During Dynamic Exercise: What Variables are Sensed and then Regulated by the Autonomic Nervous System During Dynamic Exercise?

Central Command

Reflexes from Active Muscles

Isometric Contractions: Testing Hypotheses

Isometric Contractions vs. Dynamic Exercise

Open‐Loop vs. Closed‐Loop Conditions

Does the Pressor Response to Voluntary Isometric Contraction have Chemoreflex or Mechanoreflex Origin?

Functional Importance of Muscle Chemoreflexes During Dynamic Exercise

Basic Concepts and Theory

Changes inMSNAas Evidence for Chemoreflex Activity in Dynamic Exercise

Does the Muscle Chemoreflex Initiate IncreasedSNAduring Dynamic Exercise with Unimpaired Flow?

Does Activation of the Muscle Chemoreflex Correct Blood Flow Errors, and if so, How?

Baroreflex Regulation of Arterial Pressure (SAP) and Vascular Conductance in Dynamic Exercise

Does the Arterial Baroreflex ControlSAPDuring Exercise?

Characterization and Analysis of Arterial Baroreflex Function

Baroreflex Sensitivity in Dynamic Exercise

Importance of Arterial Baroreflexes at the Onset of Exercise

Evidence Indicating “Resetting” of the Arterial Baroreflex

Central Command and Resetting of the Arterial Baroreflex—An Hypothesis

Role of Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptors in Dynamic Exercise

The Cardiopulmonary, or Low‐Pressure, Baroreflex

Interaction between the Cardiopulmonary and Arterial Baroreflexes at Rest

Role of Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex during Dynamic Exercise

Interaction between Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex and Muscle Chemoreflex

Interaction between Cardiopulmonary and Arterial Baroreflexes in Exercise

Importance of Cardiopulmonary Baroreflexes during Dynamic Exercise

Control of the Circulation During Exercise and Heat Stress: Competing Reflexes

Cardiovascular Demands of Heat Stress

Overall Neural Control of the Cutaneous Circulation

Reflex Control of the Cutaneous Circulation during Exercise

Baroreflex v. Thermoregulatory Reflex Control of the Cutaneous Circulation during Exercise

How Does Physical Conditioning Alter Cardiovascular Function?

Range of Adjustment in Overall Cardiovascular Function

What Cardiovascular Adjustments Explain the Rise in?

How does MaximalSVIncrease with Physical Conditioning?

Does Physical Conditioning Change Autonomic Control of the Circulation?

Synthesis

What is the Autonomic Nervous System Controlling during Exercise?

What Errors Are Sensed and then Corrected by the Autonomic Nervous System during Exercise?