bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Post-COVID-19 Condition in Korea
Authors: Jang Myungwon , Choi Dongkwon , Choi Jonghyuk , Kwon Ho-Jang
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Numerous studies have explored the causes and spread of outbreaks, yet there is a lack of research on post-coronavirus disease 2019 condition (PCC) in Korea. The goal of this study was to identify the various types of PCC and associated factors in discharged patients and to provide directions for the ongoing health management of confirmed patients.Methods: A telephone survey was conducted among 680 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients diagnosed between July 7, 2021 and August 26, 2021, in Dangjin, Chungnam, Korea. A descriptive analysis of characteristics, univariate analysis, and regression were performed using data from basic epidemiological surveys conducted at the time of diagnosis and post-discharge questionnaires.Results: Of the 585 patients who responded, 159 (27.2%) developed PCC. Of the 211 patients with no initial symptoms, 27 (12.8%) developed PCC, versus 132 (35.3%) of the 374 patients with initial symptoms. Among the initial symptoms, fever or chills, cough or sputum, loss of smell, and sore throat were associated with PCC. Compared to patients with less than 10 days of hospitalization, those with a hospitalization period of 21 days to 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 5.2) and 31 days or more (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 18.1) had a higher risk of PCC.Conclusions: More than a quarter of COVID-19 patients, including those who had no initial symptoms, experienced PCC in Korea. People with the initial symptoms of fever, chills, and respiratory symptoms and those who had prolonged hospital stays had a high risk of PCC.
Vprašanje umetnostnega naročništva pri treh dolnjeprekmurskih župnikih, ki so v poznem 17. stoletju študirali v Bologni
Authors: Žnidaršič Golec Lilijana
Published: September 2023

Prispevek odpira vprašanje o umetnostnem naročništvu pri treh duhovnikih, ki so v osemdesetih letih 17. stoletja študirali teologijo v Bologni, pozneje pa službovali v župnijah Dolnjega Prekmurja. Gre za duhovnike zagrebške škofije Nikolaja Kiša, Emerika Nyilasa in Petra Paulušiča, daljši ali krajši čas izpričane na čelu župnij Dobrovnik, Turnišče in Dolnja Lendava (danes Lendava). V biografskih orisih, ki so v članku navedeni za vsakega posebej, so večje pozornosti deležni njihovo bivanje v Ilirsko-ogrskem kolegiju v Bologni oziroma študij na tamkajšnji univerzi, njihove študijske, socialne in druge povezave ter sledi, ki so jih pustili ali bi jih utegnili pustiti na področju umetnosti. Eden pomembnejših ciljev prispevka je spodbuditi nadaljnje raziskave o vplivih in prenosih umetnostnih in kulturnih zgledov iz Bologne (in Italije) v dolnjeprekmurski prostor ter druga območja zagrebške in sosednjih škofij.
The Duchess of Disunity: Margaret Cavendish on the Materiality of Mind
Authors: Chamberlain Colin
Published: September 2023

Sometimes we love and hate the same thing at the same time. Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673) appeals to this type of passionate conflict to argue that the mind is a material thing. When our passions conflict, the mind or reason conflicts with itself. From this, Cavendish infers that the mind has parts and, therefore, is material. Cavendish says that this argument is among the best proofs of the mind’s materiality. And yet, the existing scholarship on Cavendish lacks the kind of detailed reconstruction required to evaluate the merits of this argument. In this paper, I provide just such a reconstruction. I also show that Cavendish’s argument is an effective intervention in her dispute with René Descartes and Henry More about the materiality of the mind.
Não conhece o coração:
Authors: Nascimento Igor Costa do
Published: September 2023

Enquanto muitos autores interpretaram o ceticismo como um desafio filosófico e científico genuíno, como por exemplo Descartes, Stanley Cavell entende-o como um problema existencial com consequências éticas. Duvidar do mundo ou da existência de outras mentes não seria uma tese puramente filosófica, mas envolveria uma posição diante de nossa vida. Tal interpretação se funda em como Cavell lê a filosofia moderna e a ruptura da mesma com modelos anteriores de pensamento. Expandindo esse diagnóstico, Cavell vê em Shakespeare uma manifestação dos limites do conhecimento e dos problemas morais que adentramos ao lidar com o ceticismo. Enquanto tal análise se deu principalmente nas peças do Bardo, o presente texto tenta o fazer em seus Sonetos.
Implementation of a Web Application and GIS Electronic Atlas for Teaching in Open Education
Authors: Damekova Saule Kairollovna , Karassyova Lyubov Nikolaevna , Medetov Nurlan Amirovich , Ozhibayeva Zamzagul Manapovna , Tsvetkov Bozhidar
Published: September 2023

Geospatial technology (GST) training has become an important part of open education. The education of primary school children is difficult to design and develop, since there are no educational tools for teaching GST technologies in the school education system of Kazakhstan. This study is aimed at developing and evaluating a system for studying the basics of GST, based on the use of an electronic GIS atlas of geography and a mobile web application KAZCUNET of open education for elementary school students who need additional attention from teachers and parents. The article examines the academic performance of children and the perception of end users based on an extended technology implementation model using the SmartPLS 4 tool. The results contribute to and confirm the significant positive effect of the introduction of GST in open education. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, support, satisfaction positively affect the behavioral intention to use the proposed educational web application and the educational electronic GIS atlas of geography.
Assessing the Impact of Regional Industrial Relocation in China
Authors: Wang Chonghao , Lin Boqiang
Published: September 2023

Through innovative application of the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO) and spatial econometric methods, this paper investigates the trends, scale, and environmental impacts of China's industrial relocation, providing new information from an input-output perspective. The findings indicate that the relocation of China's industrial sector has exhibited a distinctive trend of moving “westward” and “northward,” while the service sector has demonstrated a tendency to cluster in several developed regions. Moreover, the authors have identified that the energy efficiency in net inflow regions and other regions is affected differently by industrial relocation. Specifically, the net inflow of the industrial sector positively impacts the energy intensity of local provinces, but negatively affects neighboring provinces. Conversely, the net inflow of the service sector has the opposite effect. The research enriches the understanding of China's industrial relocation and provides targeted implications to further prove the high-quality of China's industrial relocation.
Dry-season habitat occupancy by ungulate tiger prey in the Hukaung Valley of northern Myanmar
Authors: Naing Hla , Fuller Todd K. , Sievert Paul R. , Randhir Timothy O. , Tha Po Saw Htoo , Htun Saw , Myint Than
Published: September 2023

We assessed habitat occupancy and distribution of principal tiger (Panthera tigris) ungulate prey species to assess factors affecting their occurrence and their potential contribution to low tiger presence in the core part of the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, in northern Myanmar. We surveyed for signs on 1,651 km of transects partitioned into 554 sampling units between November 2007 and May 2008. By incorporating seven environmental and four social covariates, we predicted habitat occupancy rates of 0.76 for gaur (Bos gaurus), 0.91 for sambar (Rusa unicolor), 0.57 for wild pigs (Sus scrofa), and 0.89 for northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis). Overall, shorter Euclidean distances to ranger stations and trails, decreased stream density, and broadleaved evergreen/semi-deciduous forest and relatively rare rain-fed cropland habitat occurrence positively influenced prey habitat occupancy; conversely, shorter Euclidean distances to villages, roads, and streams, higher elevations, and occurrence of mixed broadleaved and needle-leaved forest habitat negatively influenced occupancy. In addition, Euclidean distance to ranger stations, trails, and roads positively affected species detections, whereas shorter Euclidean distance to villages and streams, high elevations, and high precipitation negatively affected detections. Results indicated that all four prey species were relatively well-distributed through the Sanctuary core area, but comparisons with indices of abundance elsewhere suggest that prey density was low and would not likely support many tigers.
Effects of Fatigue on Lower Limb Biomechanics and Kinetic Stabilization During the Tuck-Jump Assessment
Authors: Kember Lucy S. , Myer Gregory D. , Moore Isabel S. , Lloyd Rhodri S.
Published: September 2023

Context

General and local muscular fatigue is postulated to negatively alter lower limb biomechanics; however, few prospective studies have been done to examine the effect of fatigue on tuck-jump performance. The tuck-jump assessment (TJA) is a criteria-based visual screening tool designed to identify neuromuscular deficits associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Use of kinetics during the TJA after an intense sport-specific fatigue protocol may identify fatigue-induced neuromuscular deficits associated with ACL injury risk.

Objective

To examine the effects of a sport-specific fatigue protocol on visually evidenced (2-dimensional) technical performance of repeated tuck jumps and lower limb kinetic stabilization.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twelve female netball athletes (age = 20.8 ± 2.6 years, height = 170.0 ± 0.04 cm, mass = 67.5 ± 7.4 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants performed 1 set of a TJA before and after a sport-specific fatigue protocol. Paired t tests and effect sizes were used to evaluate differences and the magnitude of differences in TJA scoring criterion, kinetics, and kinetic stabilization prefatigue to postfatigue.

Results

A small increase was observed for vertical relative lower extremity stiffness postfatigue (P = .005; Hedges g = 0.45). Peak center-of-mass displacement, time of jump cycle, ground contact time, flight time, jump height, and vertical net impulse decreased with small to moderate effect sizes (P < .01; Hedges g range, 0.41–0.74). No differences were observed for TJA composite scores, peak vertical ground reaction force, and stabilization indices of kinetic variables after the fatigue protocol (P > .05).

Conclusions

Kinetic analysis of repeated tuck jumps after a fatigue protocol identified an altered jumping strategy, which was not identifiable via visual 2-dimensional assessment. However, based on kinetic measures, fatigue induces a stiffer jumping strategy, and practitioners should consider assessing load attenuation strategies that may not be visually evident when evaluating ACL-injury risk factors in athletes who are fatigued.
Effects of mask use on cardiopulmonary functions and coronaphobia in the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study among university students
Authors: Ustundag Hilal , Akbaba Özge , Huyut Mehmet Tahir
Published: September 2023

Mask use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been widely recommended and mandated worldwide. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the potential adverse health effects of mask usage. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the negative effects of surgical mask use on scientifically proven cardiopulmonary functions in undergraduate and associate degree students, as well as its impact on coronaphobia. A total of 145 volunteer university students (49 males, 96 females, with a mean age of 20 years) were enrolled in the study, which consisted of two 120-minute sessions. Blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure were assessed before and immediately after each session. The Coronavirus-19 Phobia Scale was utilized to measure levels of COVID-19 phobia. While a time-dependent decrease in oxygen saturation level, blood pressure, and heart rate was measured when vital signs were evaluated at 1 and 120 minutes, none of the values fell outside the reference range. The study also investigated the effects of mask use on various symptoms including headaches, visual impairment, facial discomfort, earaches, shortness of breath, and anxiety. Significantly increased occurrences of all these symptoms were observed at the 60th and 120th minute compared with the baseline. The participants enrolled in the study demonstrated a moderate level of COVID-19 phobia based on the mean total score. Furthermore, high scores were recorded in the psychological and social sub-dimensions, while lower scores were recorded in the economic and psychosomatic sub-dimensions. In the post-COVID-19 normalization phase, the use of a surgical mask during a 120-minute course was found to have no significant impact on cardiopulmonary functions, but moderately affected coronaphobia scores.
Progressive changes in residual gradient after aortic coarctation repair and its role in the prediction of reintervention: A longitudinal data analysis
Authors: Eldadah Osama M , Alsalmi Asseel Ali , Diraneyya Obayda M , Hrfi Abdah A , Mohammed Mohammed H A , Valls Maria L , Alghamdi Abdullah A
Published: September 2023

Background:

Repair of aortic coarctation through left thoracotomy is the standard treatment when anatomically feasible. Long term outcomes are well studied, including the need for reintervention. However, the timely variation in residual gradients across the repaired segment is ill defined. The aim of this work was to study the progressive changes of estimated peak gradient (ePG) acquired by transthoracic continuous wave Doppler echocardiography across the aortic arch after repair and to assess the role of timing of assessment and values of ePG in prediction of reintervention.

Materials and Methods:

All eligible patients for this study who underwent aortic coarctation repair through left thoracotomy from 2001 to 2017 were reviewed. Details of the aortic arch dimensions and associated lesions were obtained by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The primary outcome was the ePG across the aortic arch after repair. Longitudinal data analyses with mixed effect modeling were used to determine independent predictors for ePGs.

Results:

A total of 312 patients were included. Median age and weight were 30 days and 4 kg, respectively. Associated lesions included ventricular septal defect (VSD) (53%), bicuspid aortic valve (53%) and mitral stenosis (25%). Over 15 years follow up the freedom from reintervention was 92.3%, while 24 out of the 312 patients underwent reintervention (7.7%). Longitudinal data analyses of serial 2566 TTE studies were done. The graphical display showed that the ePG across coarctation area in the first postoperative TTE was the most notable difference between those who underwent reintervention and those who did not. Further testing with proportional hazard and logistic regression modeling confirmed this finding. The area under receiver operating curve statistics showed that an ePG of 25 mmHg is an optimal cutoff value for the prediction of the reintervention.

Conclusions:

The ePG acquired in the first postoperative TTE is the most important predictor for reinterventions. The presence of VSD is associated with decreased ePGs. We propose that an ePG in the first postoperative TTE of 25 mmHg or more is a strong predictor for the need of reintervention.
Clinical profile and outcomes of childhood dilated cardiomyopathy – A single-center three-decade experience
Authors: Mukhtar Gousia , Sasidharan Bijulal , Krishnamoorthy Kavassery Mahadevan , Kurup Harikrishnan K. N. , Gopalakrishnan Arun , Sasikumar Deepa , Sarma Sankara , Valaparambil Ajit Kumar , Sivasubramonian Sivasankaran
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aims:

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure (HF) among children. Research on pediatric DCM remains surprisingly scarce. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical profile and outcomes of pediatric DCM and the secondary objective was to study the predictors of outcome.

Methods and Results:

We enrolled all patients with cardiomyopathy who presented to us between 1990 and 2020 and were younger than 18 years. During the 30 year study period, we identified 233 cases of pediatric cardiomyopathy. One hundred and nineteen (51%) cases had DCM. This retrospective cohort was analyzed to study their outcome and the possible predictors of outcome. Nearly, 8% presented in the neonatal period, and 37% in infancy. The most common mode of presentation was dyspnea on exertion (71%). Ninety three patients presented in heart failure (78%). The median left ventricular dimension z score in diastole was 4.3 (range 2.5–9.06). The median left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction was 31%. Seventy two percent of this cohort were on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, 40% on aldosterone antagonists, and 47% on beta blockers. One third had syndromic, metabolic, genetic, or any secondary cause identified. Twenty seven patients satisfied the three tiered clinical classification for the diagnosis of probable acute myocarditis. Over a mean follow up of 3.29 years, 27% were lost to follow up. Among the remaining patients who were on follow up (n = 86), 39 (45%) died, 31 (36%) recovered, and 16 (18%) had persistent LV dysfunction. Heart Failure was the most common cause of death. Eight patients in this cohort (4.2%) had thromboembolic phenomena. Nine had sustained ventricular arrhythmias and six had atrial/junctional arrhythmias. Among the various risk factors studied, only infantile onset had a significant relationship with death or ventricular arrhythmias (P value– 0.05). The 5 year survival rate of DCM patients was 59%.

Conclusion:

A reasonably good percentage of our population showed recovery of the left ventricular function (36%). Only infantile onset had a significant relationship with death or ventricular arrhythmias. The outcome in our DCM cohort is similar to other population cohorts.
Association of adiposity and fitness with triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in youth
Authors: Musa Danladi Ibrahim , Toriola Abel Lamina , Abubakar Nurudeen O , Omachi Sunday , Olowoleni Victor B , Ayodele Kolade B
Published: September 2023

Background:

The ratio of triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) is considered a robust biomarker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is associated with several diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN). This study examined the independent association of adiposity and fitness with the TG/HDL-C ratio.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study comprising 403 (201 girls) Nigerian adolescents aged 11–19 years. Participants were evaluated for body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and TG/HDL-C. Regression models adjusting for age and biological maturity were used to evaluate the association of adiposity and fitness with TG/HDL-C ratio. The TG/HDL-C ratios of 1.0 mmol/L and 1.1 mmol/L were used to stratify female and male participants into low- and high-risk groups, respectively.

Results:

Of the 135 high-risk adolescents, 21.1%, 5.5%, 12.7%, 14.9%, and 0.5% were at risk of T2DM, systolic HTN, diastolic HTN, abdominal obesity, and MetS, respectively. The independent variables were significantly associated with TG/HDL-C ratio only in boys but not girls. In boys, high adiposity (β = 0.193; P = 0.025) and low fitness (β = −0.169; P = 0.048) were independently associated with the dependent variable. Unfit boys were 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.37–10.94, P = 0.011) times more likely to develop elevated TG/HDL-C ratio than their fit peers. The likelihood of girls at risk of MetS developing a high TG/HDL-C ratio was 13.7 (95% CI = 3.89–48.32, P < 0.001) times compared to their counterparts without MetS.

Conclusions:

Adiposity and fitness were independently associated with TG/HDL-C in boys but not in girls. Health promotion intervention focusing on lowering TG/HDL-C ratio among Nigerian adolescents should include an emphasis on healthy diet and endurance activity programs.
Pediatric Bentall procedure for giant ascending aortic aneurysm in Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Sicim Hüseyin , Ulucan Ali Ertan , Yurdakök Okan , Aydemir Numan Ali
Published: September 2023

Ascending aortic aneurysm is very rare in children, and is usually seen in patients with underlying connective tissue disorders such as Marfans and Ehler–Danlos syndrome. Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is less commonly seen as a cause of ascending aortic aneurysms in children. In this case report, we describe pediatric Bentall procedure, which we successfully performed to a child with LDS (Type I) with giant ascending aortic enlargement and significant aortic regurgitation.
A rare unreported complication following transcatheter correction of sinus venosus defect
Authors: Sagar Pramod , Thejaswi Puthiyedath , Sivakumar Kothandam
Published: September 2023

Transcatheter correction of superior sinus venosus defects using covered stent is increasingly reported in the literature and provides an alternative option to surgery in appropriately selected adults. Being a new intervention, meticulous attention to procedural techniques and precise surveillance imaging modalities are vital to detect and avoid potential early and late complications. This report highlights the occurrence of a residual interatrial communication following covered stent placement and large subclinical asymptomatic nonocclusive thrombus formation at the right atrial end of the stent. The management of both these complications is also highlighted in this report.
Comparative Assessment of Periodontal Status in Subjects with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and its Correlation with Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mariam Sarah , Mali Amita , Khan Saif , Agrawal Neha , Gupta Juhi , Khalique Najam
Published: September 2023

New avenues for research have opened, which assess the influence of systemic disease on periodontium and vice versa. To find the correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontium by assessing clinical parameters [plaque index (PI), probing depth, periodontal disease index (PDI)] and the anthropological parameter [body mass index (BMI)] and to find the correlation between body mass index and periodontal disease index in subjects with and without PCOS. Sixty females comprising 30 with PCOS and 30 without PCOS were selected. Clinical, anthropological, and radiological assessment was done. Double blinding was incorporated. There was a statistically highly significant difference in mean age, mean PI, and mean PDI (P < 0.001) in PCOS group when compared to those without PCOS group by unpaired t-test for inter-group analysis. A statistically significant difference was found in mean probing depth and mean BMI (P < 0.05) in PCOS group when compared to those without PCOS group by unpaired t-test for inter-group analysis. No statistically significant correlation was found between mean PDI and mean BMI in PCOS and non-PCOS group subjects using Spearman’s rank correlation. Women suffering from PCOS may be at a heightened risk for developing periodontal disease as our study re-establishes this association with respect to some periodontal parameters. With such a result, general practitioners/gynecologists can be encouraged to refer cases of PCOS to periodontists for early detection, prevention of periodontal disease, and maintenance of periodontal health.
Towards a Resilient Post-Pandemic Health System: Lessons through the Spectacles of Indian Health Policy Scenario
Authors: Talukdar Rounik , Barman Diplina , Dutta Shanta , Kanungo Suman
Published: September 2023

A resilient health system necessitates strong governance, political commitment, effective administrative entities and inter-organisational collaboration. This paper examines India’s current health policy landscape and explores the analytical and operational capacities required to establish a robust post-pandemic health system using the policy capacity framework described by Wu et al. (2015). We emphasised the need for a coordinated policy response to strengthen health information systems, health service management, human resource management and healthcare financing. The role that the planned implementation of Indian public health management cadres would play in the coming era, the importance of a comprehensive health information management system and the need for operational coordination between government and non-governmental organisations has also been emphasised.
Assessment of Communication Skills in MBBS Interns with Objective Structured Video Examination (OSVE)
Authors: Luthra Megha , Ohri Puneet , Sharma Utkarsh , Sharma Ashwani , Mohanty Soumya , Maheshwari Sonam
Published: September 2023

Background:

Medical graduates enter work force with substantial knowledge but are they prepared for practice in diverse settings? To train medical interns in communication skills using Demonstration Observation Assistance and Performance (DOAP) and to assess communication skills in medical interns using objective structured video examination (OSVE).

Methods and Materials:

DOAP sessions of all 27 interns posted in Community Medicine and Pediatrics departments during the duration of the study were conducted in six clinical scenarios followed by two OSVEs.

Methods and Material:

Interns performed selected activity independently twice for assessments. Videos submitted by interns were assessed by Gap Kalamazoo assessment forms (OSVE). Data analysis was done by appropriate methods. Percentages and proportions and calculation of median scores with interquartile ranges.

Results:

Seventy one point four percent of faculty and 96.3% of interns were satisfied with module implementation. More than = 57.8% marks were scored by 94.45% interns in self-assessment and faculty assessment and by 100% interns in patient assessment. Median scores of all second assessments were higher.

Conclusions:

DOAP method is good for training of interns in communication skills. OSVE may be an appropriate assessment tool as it leads to progression in learning.
Sleep Disturbances among Caregivers of Home-Isolated and Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Turabi Nafisa , Tomar Shashi Prabha , Anyagwa Onyekachi E. , Durganaudu Hanusha , Ishwarya V , Kivan Husam , Kras Magdalena M. , Samouti Paraskevi , Khaled Eman , Ramesh N Nishitha , Krishnegowda Amruth S. , Shabani Moshi Moshi , Palacios-Garay Miguel A. , Ambriz-Salas Fernanda , Aigbonoga Daniel Ehis , Bassiony Mahmoud
Published: September 2023

Background:

Since the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic began, several studies were published on the possible prevention and treatment of the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV-2), and its complications. However, one aspect that was overlooked is the impact on the mental health of the caregivers of COVID-19 patients. The current study endeavors to investigate sleep quality disturbances in the caregivers of COVID-19 patients in different countries.

Material and Methods:

This cross-sectional multi-center study was performed between August 1, 2021, and August 30, 2022, across 11 countries. A total of 2411 responses meeting the inclusion criteria (being a family member or caregiver involved in patient care) were collected. The sleep quality was assessed using the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 12. Total scores ranged from 0 to 21. A ≥5 indicated poor sleep quality with 89.6% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity.

Results:

A total of 2411 responses meeting the inclusion criteria showed that mean PSQI scores (P = 0.3604) were higher in caregivers of hospitalized patients than in patients isolated at home. Approximately 62.4% of caregivers reported sleep quality problems while caring for their patients.

Conclusion:

The results showed that the majority of caregivers of patients with COVID-19 reported disturbances in sleep quality and impaired sleep was more common among caregivers of hospitalized patients, perhaps because hospitalization is associated with a more severe course of the disease. There is a pressing need to take measures to improve the mental health of these caregivers. There should be treatment programs set up to reverse sleep disturbances in this population sufficiently.
Comparison of Burden of Injury at a Tertiary Care Centre of National Importance: Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 Era
Authors: Akhade Swapnil P. , Akhade Kiran S. , Chavli Krishnadutt H. , Ranjan Ravi
Published: September 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, precautionary guidelines to shut down non-essential services had an impact on the pattern of hospital trauma admissions. We compared the trauma cases handled in our hospital from 24th March 2020 to 30th November 2020 during the restricted movement period with statistics from 2019. The objectives of this study is to assess the prevalence of trauma during lockdown and restricted movement phase of COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the epidemiology factor associated with trauma in pre COVID-19 and COVID-19 era in a tertiary care hospital of National importance in central India. This retrospective record-based study was done to analyze the profile of injured trauma patients presented to trauma and emergency center of tertiary care center of national importance from March 24 to June 30, 2020 (lockdown phase) and 1st July to 30th November (post-lockdown phase) of 2020. Results were compared with data from the year 2019. Total 621 trauma patients were managed during various restricted phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 - November 2020). Out of which 128 admissions were in the strict lockdown phase (March-May 2020) while 493 presented after lockdown during the restricted movement phase. Both during and after a strict lockdown, road traffic accidents are significantly reduced. In contrast, assaults and household injuries were significantly higher. During the post-lockdown phase of 2020, self-falls increased significantly in both phases compared to the year 2019. There was a significant decrease in trauma admissions in lockdown phase due to decreased vehicular accident but increase in household injury due increased activities inside home. To determine the readiness to deal with future situations similar to these, we look at the behavioral changes in our patient population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vitamin B12 Status in Rural Adolescent School Girls in Mysuru, India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar K. Jagadish , Balaji Sangeetha , Kulkarni Praveen , Manjunath V G , Nandish H R
Published: September 2023

Almost 56% of Indian adolescent girls aged 15–19 years suffer from anemia. Adolescent age is a period of many significant physiological changes that increase nutritional demand, and they remain at risk for nutritional deficiencies. Our aim is to assess the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency among school-going adolescent girls aged 13–16 years of rural Mysore. This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted in two high schools in rural Mysuru. Adolescent girls aged 13–16 years were included. The chosen subjects underwent complete hemogram, peripheral smear examination, and vitamin B12 level estimation. Out of 98 subjects enrolled, 40.81% were found to be deficient in vitamin B12. Macrocytes and hyper-segmented neutrophils were found to have statistically significant (P value < 0.001) relationship with vitamin B12 deficiency. The relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency with either type of diet and anemia was statically insignificant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among rural adolescent girls in Mysuru is high. Other causes of nutritional anemia apart from iron deficiency, such as vitamin B12 deficiency, must be considered in the etiology of anemia and optimally treated. It is recommended to further strengthen the adolescent national health programs and food fortification programs.
Emotional Freedom Technique-Importance in Nursing
Authors: Krishnamurthy Deepak , Sharma Anil
Published: September 2023

Emotional Freedom technique was an effective tool in managing various psychological distresses, and optimizes emotional health. It was often overlooked due to skepticism of its result, No matter we have sound psychopharmacology and various psychological therapies to treat emotional problems, even EFT, simple tapping technique was found effective in treating various emotional issues like depression, anxiety, stress, addiction and many more if practiced by Nurses in clinical settings to adopt holistic approach to heal the emotional issues.
Impact of Screen Time on Sleep Quality
Authors: Baby Renju Sussan , Issac Alwin , Vasudev Alka , Sabu Divya K. , Gopika T. S. , Pal Mansi , Sahu Ragini
Published: September 2023

Background:

Technology that years ago we could only dream of or read in science fiction novels, which we then actually created with much hope in their power of connecting people, has become a tool of gratification. To many, smart phone is an eye opener, their first alarm clock, newspaper, and stress buster. The scariest part about smart phone addiction is that it can affect our physical and mental health, our relationships, and productivity. Considering the growing use of smart phone by the youth and its impact on sleep, this study was undertaken to assess the relationship between Smart phone screen time and sleep quality.

Materials and Methods:

A quantitative approach with cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. An application named “Quality time” was used to assess the screen time among samples. Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to appraise the duration of sleep.

Results:

The study establishes that there was a significant negative correlation between smart phone screen time and sleep duration (ρ = −0.61 P < 0.001)

Conclusion:

Availability of diverse sort of electronic media engages the students more on screen, which adversely affects their sleeping quality and pattern. Although the development of technology is a boon, findings of the study depict that greater the screen time, poorer the quality of the sleep.
Assessment on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dyslexia among Primary School Students
Authors: Rajesh R , Sunney Honeymol
Published: September 2023

Background:

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects reading skills and language processing. Children with dyslexia have difficulty in reading, writing, spelling, grammar or in speaking. Due to these difficulty, the child may be slow in academics, social skills, difficult in manage their daily activities, emotional problems etc. which may lead to long-term educational problems.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence and explore the risk factors of dyslexia among the primary school students in selected schools. To assess the prevalence of dyslexia among primary school students. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of dyslexia among primary school students. To find out association between the prevalence of dyslexia and selected socio-demographic variables of primary school students.

Methodology:

A non-experimental study with explorative survey descriptive research design was used. The study was conducted in R.L. Jalappa central school, Tamaka, Kolar. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was adopted in order to select the samples of 100 primary school students who fulfill the selection criteria. The data was collected from the primary school students along with the help of their teachers by using screening checklist for dyslexia which consists of 30 items adopted from British Dyslexia Association (BDA) and a checklist on identifying the risk factors of dyslexia on primary school students which has 10 items through interview method on one to one basis until the desired sample is reached. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for analyzing the data.

Results:

Regarding age in years, 56% of the students were 08 years old, 43% were female students & 57% were male students; class of studying 50% were from 1st standard, another 50% of them were from 2nd standard;44% of the students' academic performance were good with50 % of them were found to be average. The prevalence regarding dyslexia among primary school students on screening were identified as 06% of them with dyslexia and remaining 94% of the students are without dyslexia. In regard to the risk factors concerning to dyslexia in these primary school students; 06 % of them had pre-school language impairment, 04% had some vision/sight problems, 15% of the students were found impulsive in nature: 04% of them had motor coordination difficulty with some developmental problems and almost all the students 100% had normal level of intelligence.

Conclusion:

The present findings of the study states that the primary school students may be at risk for not attaining full literacy skills due to various risk factors. Early screening with all children in school and intense intervention services should focus on the students who demonstrate the warning signs of dyslexia and related problems in the best way to prevent from becoming more severe in overtime and for better outcomes.
Perceptual Ineptness In relation to Drug Addiction
Authors: Firdous Nuzhat
Published: September 2023

Addiction of any kind is indeed detrimental, leading to psychological, financial, and social disorders. However, drug addiction is seen as one of the major concerns worldwide, having the most distressing consequences. This may be attributed to a number of psychosocial factors which put a person at a greater risk to develop such behavior. For some, drugs provide a kind of relief in times of distress, and for others, it increases the confidence level and improves the performance on a given task. Several studies have been carried out so far highlighting various precipitating/perpetuating factors (parental neglect, discord, peer pressure, lack of coping and resilience, and social incompetence) in maintaining such behaviors, as well as the preventive ones (authoritative parenting, extended family system, and enhanced psychological capital) to overcome this menace. What makes it more challenging is holding a fallacious belief of baking (roasting) the weed (Charas) as a skill and smoking as a means of lifting one's morale and a matter of prestige. This may be attributed to the germination of a thought of exhibiting the power of masculinity before the same or the opposite sex and thus eventually sidelines the efforts made by the stakeholders to restrict the ill effects of drug addiction on youth and on society as a whole. There is thus a pressing need to educate young minds and restructure their belief system at a very early stage of development. In that direction, all the institutions (family, school, and place of worship) must go hand in hand to ensure that youth is aware about the ill effects of such illicit behaviors, well in advance.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Resilience among Patients with Neurotic and Stress-Related Disorders with Normal Counterpart in a Selected Hospital Tezpur, Assam
Authors: Das Deepa , Baruah Arunjyoti
Published: September 2023

Context:

Health is a multidimensional concept, denoting not only an absence of disease and disability, but also feeling of happiness and welfare. Stress is among the important factors threatening mental health, and people are faced with numerous stressors in their everyday lives. Accumulation of daily stress would affect individuals' physical and mental health, and when it lasts for long term, it can lead to negative outcomes, including neurotic and stress-related disorders. However, most individuals do not develop such illnesses after experiencing stressful life events, because the person who is resilient does not develop neurotic and stress-related disorders because this resilience shield people against the development of stress-related disorder.

Aim:

This study was conducted to find if there is a significant difference in the scores on measures of resilience between patients with neurotic and stress-related disorders with normal counterpart.

Methods:

The sample comprised 60 participants, 30 with neurotic and stress-related disorder, and 30 their normal counterpart. Participants were administered Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), General Health Questionnaire-12, and sociodemographic pro forma.

Results:

Significant differences were found in the resilience score of neurotic and stress-related disorders' patients with normal counterpart (t = 18.524, P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

CD RISC-25 showed the mean score of resilience among neurotic and stress-related disorders' patients were found to be 34.86 ± 9.35, and the counterpart scored the mean value of 85.66 ± 11.70 where the maximum possible score was 100. Resilience of counterpart was higher than neurotic and stress-related disorders' patients, (t = 18.524, P = < 0.000).
Optimism, Quality of Life, and Psychological Distress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ravindran Ottilingam S. , Shanmugasundaram Natarajan , Madhusudhan Saidivya
Published: September 2023

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious chronic illness which has a major impact on the psychological well-being of the individuals.

Aim:

This case–control study compared the optimism, quality of life (QOL), and psychological distress between T2DM persons and healthy controls and examined the relationship of optimism with QOL and psychological distress among T2DM persons.

Materials and Methods:

Using a purposive sampling technique, this study was conducted in the General Medicine Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and March 2020. Fifty participants (25 cases and 25 healthy controls) in the age range of 30–60 years took part in the study. Both groups were assessed by the following instruments: Life Orientation Test-Revised, WHOQOL-BREF, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.

Results:

T2DM persons are experiencing significant psychological distress with a pessimistic disposition and reduced QOL. Furthermore, optimism was positively correlated with psychological health among T2DM persons.

Conclusions:

T2DM persons are found to be pessimistic and distressed with significant reductions in their QOL.
Noncompliance to Treatment among Persons with Mental Illness
Authors: Seena M. C. , George Reena , Krishnakumar Padinharath , Ravindran Rajith K.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Noncompliance to treatment is an alarming issue challenging the entire mental health-care system. If this issue is tackled by the institutions and mental health-care professionals, a drastic change can be brought to the treatment of mentally ill and prevent unnecessary hospitalization due to relapse. Noncompliance to psychiatric treatment among 569 patients revealed that 328 (58.2%) were complied with the treatment and 236 (41.8%) were noncompliant to psychiatric treatment.

Objectives:

The objectives were to assess the noncompliance to treatment among person with mental illness and to identify the factors contributing to the noncompliance to treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A quantitative approach with cross-sectional descriptive design using retrospective analysis was adopted for the study. All patients attending psychiatric unit were screened and 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected through nonprobability convenience sampling technique from the adult psychiatry unit, IMHANS, Kozhikode. The data collection instruments were a sociodemographic pro forma, noncompliance checklist, and a checklist on factors contributing to the noncompliance to treatment. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

A population of 156 patients were screened, (56) 35.8% of patients had compliance to treatment and (100) 64% of patients had noncompliance to treatment. Hence, the sample consists of the 100 patients who had noncompliance to the treatment. The data on diagnoses and percentage of patients with noncompliance show that most of the patients (25%) who had noncompliance to treatment were diagnosed with bipolar affective disorders and 22% of sample to noncompliance to treatment were diagnosed with schizophrenia. The study found that a main cause of noncompliance to treatment is to avoid the feelings of being sick.

Conclusion:

This study found that there is an increased need to conduct public awareness programs and other psychosocial interventions to sensitize the public to regarding mental illness and importance of compliance to treatment.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Poststroke Depression among Acute Stroke Survival Patients Attending Neurology Outpatient Department of a Selected Hospital in Kolkata
Authors: Ghosh Chandrika , Adhikari Uma R.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Poststroke depression is consider as the most common emotional disorder of stroke survivors; it can affect one among three of stroke survivors at any time up to 5 years after stroke. Researcher chooses the topic to give focus on the emotional health of the stroke survivors after the stroke. This study was conducted to identify the incidence (short-term incidence) and risk factors of poststroke depression among acute stroke survival patients.

Subjects and Methods:

This descriptive survey design was conducted at neurology outpatient department of a selected hospital in Kolkata. Total 104 acute (within 3 months following stroke) stroke survival patients were selected by purposive sampling technique for this study purpose. Incidence of poststroke depression was identified by Montgomery–Asberg depression rating scale and for risk factors of poststroke depression; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, and Mini-mental status examination were used. Tool was pretested before the final study.

Results:

The findings of the study showed that the incidence (short-term incidence) of poststroke depression was 52% (95% confidence interval: 42.2%–61.8%). The Chi-square value reveals that there is a significant association between poststroke depression and deterioration of disease condition from the onset of the disease, days of suffering from the disease, number of admission for the disease, severity of stroke, impairment of level of independence, and impairment of cognitive function.

Conclusion:

Identifying the risk factors of poststroke depression, the nurses can screen the stroke survival patients for early detection of depression following stroke.