bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Актуальные проблемы развития рынка грузовых автотранспортных перевозок
Authors: Батищев И.И. , Низов М.А. , Можайская И.А.
Published: September 2022

В статье рассматриваются проблемы регулирования рынка грузовых автомобильных перевозок. Показаны существующие размеры парка грузовых автомобилей, объемы выполняемой работы, оценен объем и названы причины «теневых» перевозок, приведены затраты по доставке грузов, вскрыты недостатки и обоснованы предложения по регулированию рынка перевозок крупногабаритных и тяжеловесных грузов. Авторы выявляют ключевые проблемы рынка международных перевозок, включая пространство ЕАЭС, оценивают эффективность системы «Платон». На основе проведенного анализа сформулированы предложения по развитию потенциала российской отрасли автомобильных грузоперевозок.
Yaşa Bağlı İşitme Kaybı Olan Bireylerde Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri ve Toplumsal Katılımın İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇAVDAR Rumeysa Gülkız , BUMİN Gonca , BAYDAN ARAN Mine
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, yaşa bağlı işitme kaybı olan bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin ve toplumsal katılımlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 65 yaş ve üzeri, işitme kaybı olan ve işitme cihazı kullanmayı reddeden 30 birey, işitme kaybı olan ve cihaz kullanan 30 birey ve işitme kaybı olmayan 30 birey dahil edildi. Çalışmaya katılan bireyler Kanada Aktivite Performans Ölçeği (KAPÖ), Mayers Yaşam Tarzı Anketi (MYQ3), İşitme Engeli Ölçeği – Yaşlı (İEÖ-Y), Yaşlılarda Toplumsal Katılım Anketi (TKA-R) ile değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: Katılımcıların İEÖ-Y’de işitme kaybı olmayan bireylerin sonuçları cihaz kullanan ve kullanmayı reddeden bireylerden anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p>0,05). TKA-R’de ev katılımı ve sosyal katılımda anlamlı fark bulunmazken (p>0,05), üretkenlik ve elektronik- sosyal ağ katılımında işitme kaybı olmayan bireylerin sonuçları cihaz kullanan bireylerden anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). 3 grup arasında KAPÖ’deki performans ve memnuniyet puanları arasında ve MYQ3 alt parametrelerinde 3 grup arasında farklılık bulunmadı (p>0,05). Tartışma: 3 grup arasında KAPÖ’de belirtilen aktiviteler açısından işitme engeline sahip olan 2 grubun teknolojik ürünleri kullanma zorluğunun daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Ülkemizde yaşa bağlı işitme kaybı olan bireylerin bütüncül olarak ele alınarak doğru cihaz kullanımı ve ergoterapi yaklaşımları ile desteklenmesi günlük yaşamda bağımsızlığının artması açısından önemlidir.
Introduction of Intermedial Analysis of a Literary Text in Literature Lessons in Senior School of the Humanities
Authors: Karabanova Nadezhda Valerievna
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study is to substantiate the need to introduce intermedial analysis of literary texts in senior school of the humanities. In the article, the author gives the notion of intermedial analysis, reveals the specifics of studying Chekhov’s traditions in the dramaturgy of the 20th century in school with in-depth study of literature, presents the results of diagnosing the readiness of teachers to introduce intermedial analysis into the school curriculum of literature, offers methodological recommendations on the use of intermedial analysis in literature lessons in senior school. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the level of readiness of modern language teachers to introduce intermedial analysis in literature lessons when studying the work of playwrights of the 20th century (B. Akunin, L. S. Petrushevskaya). As a result, the necessity of carrying out intermedial analysis at different levels of studying a literary text in literature lessons in senior school of the humanities has been proved.
Development of Students’ General Cultural Competence in Teaching Literature in the Framework of Secondary Vocational Illiberal Education
Authors: Nikolaeva Elena Anatolievna
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study is to assess the methodological potential of an integrative literature course aimed at developing general cultural competence (GCC) among students receiving secondary vocational illiberal education (SVE). The article describes the specifics of teaching literature in secondary vocational education, systematizes the ideas about general cultural competence, and suggests the forms of classes and techniques that contribute to the development of individual components of the general cultural competence. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the integrative literature course in order to develop the general cultural competence of students receiving secondary vocational education. As a result, it was proved that the introduction of the integrative literature course, developed on the basis of an inductive approach, into the educational process contributes to the effective development of the level of general cultural competence of students’ secondary vocational education.
New Didactics: Academic and Post-Academic Discourse
Authors: Tarkhanova Irina Yurievna
Published: September 2022

The paper aims to compare academic and post-academic discourses in modern didactics - to search for their points of contact and ways to implement the results of didactic research into practice. By analysing postmodern philosophy, the paper explicates the phenomenon of modernisation and renovation of didactic knowledge, ascertains a combination of external negative academisation trends caused by the gnoseological crisis and the predominance of applied research in the field of didactics without its proper understanding at the theoretical and methodological level. The study is novel in that it proposes ways of bringing together academic and post-academic discourses in didactic research based on the results of analysing the activities of the interuniversity research center “New Didactics”. As a result, the researcher has substantiated the need for accumulation of new didactic solutions in practice, their summarisation and didactic analysis by means of fundamental science, consolidation of the efforts of the entire academic and pedagogical community to popularise modern didactic concepts and to test them in practice.
Teacher’s Personal Website When Modelling the Course “English for Special Purposes” for Master’s Students
Authors: Tsvetkova Natalia Igorevna , Yablokova Tatyana Nikolaevna
Published: September 2022

The aim is to substantiate the need to develop a teacher’s personal website for multi-level teaching of master’s students within the framework of organizing teaching English for special purposes. The article focuses on the expediency of using an individual approach in teaching the language and the effectiveness of using modern information technologies in this educational environment, on the special role of the teacher’s personal website in the learning process. The authors share their experience of creating the teacher’s personal website when modelling the course “English for Special Purposes” for master’s students, clearly describing the components of the process of its design. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time, for linguodidactic purposes, it describes the stages of organizing the personal educational website for an English teacher for special purposes, within which master’s students are taught on an individual educational track. As a result, the features of modelling the course “English for Special Purposes” for the master’s students of the European Educational Institute of MGIMO University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia are presented; the specific recommendations for its development and ways to organize the work of students are given, taking into account the specifics of the course program; the algorithm of actions is defined when creating the teacher’s personal website for multi-level education of master’s students.
Strategi Orang Tua dalam Perkembangan Aspek Sosial-Emosi Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Azizah Nur , Busyra Sarah
Published: September 2022

The stages of life from birth to death are shaped by the social influences which the person interacts with. In order to develop the social aspects of children, a family role, especially the parents, is needed so that children can develop properly. Social and emotional development are inseparable from one to another. Positive social and emotional development makes it easier for children to get along with others and learn better, as well as in other activities in the social environment. This study aims to determine the strategies taken by parents to develop the socio-emotional aspects of early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study are that the strategies carried out by parents include providing understanding and education about the pandemic situation, in addition to holding other activities that can be done at home including playing with the mother as practiced by the informants. From the results of interviews, the researcher takes the point that good communication between children and parents, especially by mothers, will make the children easier to understand the conditions for activities that have changed due to the current pandemic. Keywords: parents, strategies, social-emotional, early childhood
Desain Modul Berorientasi Literasi Matematika dengan Bantuan Aplikasi Wolfram Mathematica untuk Materi Artimatika Sosial
Authors: Purnama Indrianika , Murtianto Yanuar Hery , Muhtarom Muhtarom
Published: September 2022

Kemampuan literasi matematika salah satu kemampuan yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa. Dalam mengembangkan kemampuan literasi dibutuhkan perangkat pembelajaran berupa modul yang inovatif yang dapat membantu proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan desain bahan ajar berorientasi literasi matematika berbantuan aplikasi Wolfram Mathematica untuk materi aritmatika sosial yang valid, efektif dan praktis. Penelitian menerapkan model penelitian pengembangan, model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE yaitu meliputi tahap Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Untuk instrument yang digunakan berupa lembar validasi untuk ahli materi dan ahli media serta angket respon siswa dan guru untuk melihat efektif dan kepraktisan dari modul yang sudah dikembangkan. Hasil penilaian validasi dari ahli media diperoleh skor sebesar 91,7% dan dari ahli materi diperoleh skor sebesar 89,55% yang mana penilaian dari ahli media dan materi berada pada kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis angket keefektifan dan kepraktisan bahan ajar berbantuan aplikasi Wolfram Mathematica dinyatakan praktis digunakan dalam pembelajaran dengan persentase kelayakan sebesar 90,7% berada pada kategori sangat baik. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar berbantuan aplikasi Wolfram Mathematica yang dikembangkan memiliki kualitas valid dan praktis serta efektif untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas
Berdirinya Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia (PSMTI) Di Pekanbaru (2003-2019)
Authors: Purbasara Sindy Farzana Lutfia , Bunari Bunari , Fikri Asyrul
Published: September 2022

Organisasi sosial PSMTI merupakan salah satu organisasi etnis Tionghoa yang berada di Pekanbaru, dimana organisasi ini mewadahi pendapat dan aspirasi-aspirasi dari etnis Tionghoa. Organisasi sosial PSMTI di Pekanbaru berdiri pada tahun 2003. Dalam penelitian ini membahas mengenai: (1) awal mula dan latar belakang berdirinya PSMTI di Pekanbaru; (2) peranan PSMTI dalam bidang sosial, budaya, dan pendidikan; (3) tanggapan masyarakat sekitar dengan adanya organisasi PSMTI . pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode sejarah, yang dimana metode sejarah memiliki 4 tahap, yaitu: (1) Heuristik; (2) Kritik sumber; (3) Interpretasi; (4) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor pendorong orang Tionghoa datang ke Indonesia yang pertama adalah alasan ekonomi, dimana cina pada akhir abad ke-19 mengalami masalah ledakan penduduk, dan pertengahan abad ke-19 munculnya permasalahan yang mempengaruhi melonjaknya angka kemiskinan, kerusuhan dan keresahan sosial, diperburuk lagi oleh sistem kekaisaran cina yang hampir hancur, faktor pendorong yang kedua yaitu alasan politik.
Assessment of Thermal Pollution at Selected Stretch of Tigris River in Baghdad by Field Observations and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Mahmood Noor Shakir , Mohammad T. A.
Published: September 2022

Although many technological improvements are occurring in power production worldwide, power plants in third world countries are still using old technologies that are causing thermal pollution to the water bodies. Power facilities that dump hot water into water bodies are damaging aquatic life. In the study, the impact of the Al Dora thermal power plant on a nearby stretch of Tigris River in Baghdad city was assessed by measuring the temperature of the disposed of hot water in various cross-sections of the selected stretch of Tigris River, including measuring the thermal mixing length. The measurements were conducted in winter, spring, and summer. For field measurements, it was found that the impact of recovery distances extended to 1500, 1810, and 2450 m in winter, spring, and summer seasons, respectively. Also, the impact of the thermal pollution was simulated using the CFD COMSOL model. When these values were compared with the predicted values, the measured values were found smaller than the predicted by using the heat equation for temperature recovery distances. Also, the simulation included the impact of reducing the velocity of the disposed of hot water on the temperature distribution and mixing length in the studied stretch of Tigris River. Simulation results show that when the velocity of the disposed of hot water was reduced from 1.6 to 0.5 m/s, the thermal mixing in the Tigris River improved. The estimation of dissolved oxygen concentrations was found to range from 6.9 to 10.7 mg/l, which is higher than the critical concentration of 5 mg/l, which is required for aquatic life.
Design and Implementation of Active Noise Cancellation for Car Cabin on Sulaimania Roads Using Arduino Embedded System
Authors: Hamza Aven Rawf , Shiekh Mohammed Abdullah Hussein
Published: September 2022

Car drivers hear many kinds of noise inside their vehicles' cabins, and the most annoying ones are the noise generated by tires, engines, and outside winds. Noise affects the comfort of the passengers inside the cabin, and it’s sad to say that modern cars are noisier in many kinds of noise signals due to using a lot of plastic materials in new budget cars. For expensive and luxury cars, the problem is solved by using better sound insulation materials, but for the budget ones, the approach used here is effective. It is called Active Noise Cancellation and can be done using analog or digital electronics. An operational amplifier and filters are used for the analog one, and in the digital one, signal processor chips are used. In engineering, cost reduction is a significant goal, and it is here, by using low-cost signal processor chips to achieve this, and our nominee is the Arduino processor. It is a low-cost open-source processor used in many digital control fields but not for noise cancellation, which is the concern of this paper. Considering the moderate signal processing capabilities of Arduino processors, a decision is required on what type of cabin noise signals our nominee can remove, and our selection is road noise. To a great extent, road noise relates to its quality, and the metric of concern is road roughness. In this work, three types of roughness are considered, low, medium, and high, the noise obtained from each type is analyzed, and countermeasures were applied to reduce them. Max cancellation obtained per three types, low, medium, and high roughness are 10 to 12 dB.
Evaluation of effect of modifiers on technological and deformation properties of secondary polystyrene
Authors:   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Mzhachikh I. E. , Gorbunova I. Yu. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Kostromina N. V. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Chalaya N. M. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Kravchenko T. P. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Shishkinskaya V. A. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology
Published: September 2022

Изучен процесс модификации вторичного полистирола и установлены оптимальные условия переработки модифицированных композиций. Исследовано влияние содержания термоэластопластов и монтмориллонита на физико-механические характеристики и морфологию вторичного полимера, образующегося после термоформования пищевой упаковки из листов полистирола.
Program Pendampingan Daur Ulang Sampah Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Polusi Lingkungan Melalui Transformasi untuk Nilai Tambah Ekonomi
Authors: Rosdiana Aliva , Wibowo Purwo Adi
Published: September 2022

Masyarakat Jepara setiap harinya menghasilkan lebih dari 1300 ton per hari, termasuk sampah plastik sebanyak 20 ton. Jika tidak ditangani maka hal ini akan menjadi pencemaran lingkungan. Program pendampingan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Tematik X kelompok 21 Unisnu Jepara  bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam program daur ulang (recycling) sampah anorganik sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan melalui transformasi sebagai nilai tambah ekonomi bagi masyarakat Jepara. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini adalah sosialisasi dan pendamping­an.Program dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari dan Maret 2021 bermitrakan paguyuban Bank Sampah Rembulan di desa Mantingan kecamatan Tahunan kabupaten Jepara.Pelatihan keterampilan dan kreativitas dilakukan dalam sosialisasi untuk menambah wawasan masyarakat terhadap limbah yang didaur ulang agar menjadi bentuk kerajinan bernilai seni. Kegiatan pendampingan dilakukan melalui transformasi limbah anorganik berupa kertas dan plastik menjadi tas, bunga, tempat sampah, dan lampu lampion.  Hasil yang diperoleh dari program ini adalah masyarakat menjadi lebih terampil dalam mengolah sampah, masyarakat lebih terampil dalam memanajemen sampah, dan masyarakat mampu berkreasi terhadap limbah anorganik melalui transformasi sampah kertas dan plastik menjadi karya seni sebagai nilai tambah ekonomi.
Peran Insentif Pajak di Masa Pandemi bagi UMKM “Dayana Gallery”
Authors: Bandiyono Agus
Published: September 2022

Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat dengan tema Insentif Pajak di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 yang selanjutnya diberi judul Insentif Pajak Bangkitkan UMKM di masa Pandemi didasari akan kondisi terkini dari UMKM yang terdampak covid-19 dan juga bahasan dalam topik ini yang nantinya akan disalurkan dalam bentuk keluaran yang akan diberikan kepada penerima manfaat yakni UMKM diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan dan pengetahuan lebih sekaligus membantu para UMKM untuk memahami lebih dalam serta jelas akan insentif pajak di masa pandemi Covid-19 untuk kembali membangkitkan usaha UMKM. Hal ini juga didasari akan pertimbangan bahwa masih terdapat UMKM yang belum memahami dengan baik bahkan tidak mengetahui hadirnya insentif pajak di masa pandemi covid-19.  Pemilihan keluaran dalam bentuk video adalah dimaksudkan agar informasi yang diberikan lebih kreatif, menarik, namun juga jelas serta sarat akan penjelasan sehingga video menjadi media informatif yang juga di lain sisi sangat mudah untuk penerima manfaat.
The Heritage (Legacy Of Wisdom) Of Turkish Culture-The Akhilic Unıon and On Their Contributions To The History Of Islamic Civilization
Authors: ŞEMŞEK Vesile
Published: September 2022

The Ahi community, which has a very important place in terms of Turkish-Islamic civilization, includes Turkish culture and the tradition of wisdom arising from this culture. In general, it is seen that the Ahi community has succeeded in carrying the Islamic rules that form the basis of the heritage of wisdom to daily life, and also identifies the Islamic rules with Turkish culture. In this context, it can be said that the Ahi community has contributed to the history of world civilization by keeping the universal principles of Islam alive. On the other hand, it is seen that there are important studies on the construction of models that will reflect the spirit of Ahi-order throughout history and awareness studies on the teachings of Akhism. As a matter of fact, there is a greater need than ever before for such institutions that support the social acceptances associated with the moral values of the Ahi community and their customary reflections today as well as at that time. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the basic teachings of the wisdom heritage of the history of Islamic civilization-Ahi-Unity and to transfer these basic values to today's youth.
Accumulation of radiocarbon in ancient terrestrial landscapes: A small but significant input of unknown origin
Authors: Broz Adrian , Aguilar Jerod , Xu Xiaomei , Silva Lucas
Published: September 2022

The persistence of soil organic carbon (C) in soil, defined as the mean residence time of organic C compounds in soils, is a critical measure for understanding the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to regulate biogeochemical cycles. The persistence of organic carbon in soil is most often considered at timescales ranging from tens to thousands of years, but the study of organic C in paleosols (i.e., ancient, buried soils) suggests that buried soils may have the capacity to preserve organic compounds for tens of millions of years. A quantitative assessment of C sources and sinks from these ancient terrestrial landscapes is complicated by additions of modern organic C, primarily due to the infiltration of dissolved organic carbon. In this study, we quantify total organic C content and radiocarbon activity in samples collected from 28- to 33-million-year-old paleosols that are naturally exposed as unvegetated badland outcrops near eastern Oregon’s “Painted Hills”. The study site is part of a well-mapped ~400-meter-thick sequence of Eocene-Oligocene (45-28 Ma) volcaniclastic paleosols, and thus we expected to find “radiocarbon dead” samples preserved in deep layers of the lithified, brick-like exposed outcrops. Total organic C, measured in three individual profiles spanning depth transects from the outcrop surface to a 1-meter depth, range from 0.01 - 0.8 wt. % with no clear C-concentration or age-depth profile. Ten radiocarbon dates from the same profiles reveal calibrated radiocarbon ages of ~11,000 – 30,000 years BP that unexpectedly indicate additions of recent and /or modern organic C. A two-endmember mixing model for radiocarbon activity suggests that modern C may compose ~0.5-3.5% of the total organic carbon pool preserved in these ancient landscapes. We discuss several mechanisms by which modern organic C could have infiltrated into the lithified, brick-like paleosol surfaces and discuss potential implications for future research of ancient soils.
False Memories: What Neuroimaging Tells Us About How We Mis-remember the Past
Authors: Dennis Nancy , Chamberlain Jordan , Carpenter Catherine M
Published: September 2022

False memories, or erroneous memories for experiences that never truly occurred, are a consequence of the fallibility and malleability of memory. In the current chapter we review recent neuroimaging findings regarding the neural underpinnings of false memories. In doing so, we show how recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies contribute support to longstanding theories of false memories, including those highlighting both encoding failures and erroneous retrieval. Further, we highlight work examining how aging exacerbates false memories and faulty neural processing associated with such errors of commission. Exciting work utilizing multivoxel analytic approaches further reveals how patterns of neural activity differentiate between true and false information maintained in memory traces within and across memory phases. Future directions for the field of neuroimaging of false memories are also discussed.
Management of fracture non-union long bones by limb reconstruction devices
Authors: Praveen Garg  , Bajpai Tanmay , Rajeev Saxena
Published: September 2022

Background: The limb reconstruction system (LRS), rail road fixator, and Ilizarov fixator are used to treat open fractures with bone loss and infective non-union of long bones. It benefits the fracture site by permitting distraction, compression, and further enhancing micromotion at the level of fracture site which plays an important part in healing. The LRS is a straightforward, unidirectional arrangement that provides exceptional strength and rigidity. The limb rebuilding procedure has proven to be an effective treatment option in instances of fracture infective non-union of long bones.
Aims and Objectives: This study is to evaluate and to observe the use of limb reconstruction devices (such as the Ilizarov fixator and the rail road fixator) in the treatment of open fractures with bone loss and infective non-union of long bones.
Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (15 males and five females) with fracture non-union of long bones were involved in this study after taking permission from ethic committee and consents from all 20 individuals. These patients then underwent thorough debridement and resection of non-viable bone ends with the application of limb reconstruction devices which were then followed by bone transport to fill the bone gap. This was done by means of Ilizarov in 13 patients and by rail road fixator in the remaining seven patients. The average time of union and complications were evaluated.
Results: Mean duration of fracture union was 7.9 months. While one patient had failure resulting in non-union, other 19 patients achieved union by limb reconstruction devices. Majority of the cases had no complications. Mean period of hospital stay for Ilizarov was 68.13 days and for rail road fixator 53.17 days. After applying independent “t-test,” no statistically significant differences were observed in fracture union duration between Ilizarov and rail road fixator, since the calculated P value was observed to be >0.05. Mean union of Ilizarov and rail road fixator application was found to be 7.6 months and 8.2 months, respectively.
Conclusion: Limb reconstruction devices in our present study can be utilized as an effective way to tackle infective non-union of long bones and open fracture with bone loss for achieving better stabilization. Both Ilizarov and rail road fixator perform a crucial role in causing early mobilization of the patient and also in fracture union by distraction osteogenesis.
Comparative study of sonographic measurement of PRE-E/E-VC ratio versus Hyomental distance ratio to correlate Cormack–Lehane grading for airway assessment
Authors: Debomita Das  , Bhattacharya Dipasri , Parvati Magda Hembrom Bani , Choudhury Arpita
Published: September 2022

Background: Predicting a difficult airway preoperatively overcomes the hurdles of unanticipated difficult airway management. Cormack–Lehane grading (CL Grading) best describes the view of larynx. However, direct laryngoscopy cannot be used to predict difficult airway for patients undergoing intubation for the 1st time. On the other hand, ultrasound is a safe and painless procedure. This study was done to correlate airway ultrasound findings with CL Grading by direct laryngoscopy. The patients selected were undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of the present study were to correlate the ultrasound view of the airway with the Cormack–Lehane classification by direct laryngoscopy.
Materials and Methods: A group of 94 patients, aged 18–60 years, ASA I/II were selected who underwent elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia requiring intubation by direct laryngoscopy. Pre-epiglottic (PRE-E) depth and epiglottic vocal distance (E-VC) were measured along with hyomental distance ratio (HMDR) by ultrasound. The ultrasound parameters were then compared with CL Grading during laryngoscopy.
Results: The PRE-E depth/epiglottic vocal cord distance correlated better than hyomental distance ratio in predicting CL Grading (P=0.000).
Conclusion: The PRE-E/E-VC ratio was a better predictor of CL Grading than the HMDR.
Development of a counseling intervention protocol to improve treatment adherence of ischemic heart disease patients
Authors: Chandima Kumara Walpita Gamage  , Piyanjali Thamesha de Zoysa  , Aindralal Balasuriya  , Neil Francis Joseph Fernando
Published: September 2022

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been identified as the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in Sri Lanka.
Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this study was to develop a socio-culturally appropriate health counseling intervention protocol to enhance the adherence of prescribed physical activity, diet, and medication among IHD patients attending medical clinics in Sri Lanka.
Materials and Methods: This protocol was designed to be used by health professionals and consisted of two sections – an assessment and an intervention. The intervention section integrated communication skills with motivational interviewing, goal setting, and problem-solving. A panel of five experts reviewed each section of the protocol, in a Delphi process. The ratings received at Delphi stage one that was evaluated for degree of consensus. The protocol was modified according to the comments received and resent for a second Delphi round. Again, the re-ratings were reevaluated for the degree of consensus. With regard to assessing consensus, each section was revised/removed if 70% or more of the re-ratings were at 0–3 and kept as the same if 70% or more of the re-ratings were at four or above.
Results: All the subsections were rated in categories of four and above in both stages. Therefore, none of the sections was removed from the original protocol. Some modifications were done according to the suggestions received in the Delphi review.
Conclusion: The finalized protocol would be initially implemented in selected hospitals in Galle district as a quasi-experimental study in the near future.
A prospective observational study on maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone and its impact on maternal and perinatal outcome
Authors: Zeba Nuzhat , Chithra Arumgamuthu Kanagamuthu  , Jayaraj Punithavathi
Published: September 2022

Background: Numerous hormonal changes and metabolic demands occur during pregnancy, resulting in complex changes in maternal thyroid function. Thyroid disorder is the second most common endocrine disorder found in pregnancy next to the diabetes group. It affects 1–2% of women of reproductive age. Overt hypothyroidism complicates 0.3–0.5% of pregnancies. The incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women is about 2–3%. Hyperthyroidism is present in 0.1–0.4%.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the maternal thyroid function test during pregnancy and its effect on maternal and fetal outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu over a period of 1 year February 2019 to January 2020. The study is to screen pregnant women for thyroid disorders based on their serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at the first antenatal visit and its impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Results: In our study, overall thyroid abnormality incidence was found to be 5.5%. It is statistically significant (P<0.001). Subclinical hypothyroid was found as a major thyroid disorder in the study population (significant P<0.002). In the study overt hyperthyroidism: 0.5%, subclinical hypothyroidism: 3.5%, primary hypothyroidism 1.5% was found. More than 54% of the study population had no high-risk factors and were found to have a thyroid disorder. In our study, maternal complications in women with thyroid disorders were analyzed. One woman with overt hypothyroidism, one with subclinical hypothyroidism developed mild preeclampsia. One hypothyroid woman had preterm labor at 32 weeks of gestational age. Maternal complications were less inadequately treated patients resulting in a normal incidence of these complications. In our study birth weight of the babies, <2.5 kg was 18.2%, 2.5–3 kg was 63.6%, and >3 kg was 18.2%. Perinatal outcomes were in terms of preterm, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, and fetal distress.
Conclusion: All pregnant women irrespective of their low risks or high risks for a thyroid disorder should be screened for serum TSH at the first booking visit to prevent the maternal and perinatal complications of thyroid disorders and close monitoring and effective treatment could be provided to them.
Study the association of body mass index and obesity in MBBS students with their family health status in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry
Authors: Suresh Pichandi  , Vasu Ganesh , Janakiraman Pichandi  , Muraliswaran Perumal
Published: September 2022

Background: Overweight-obesity has turned into a worldwide epidemic due to sedentary lifestyle with more eating and less physical activity. The overweight and obesity rising among young people give alarm which may cause the formation link to the rise of other non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and stroke are the most important concern. Medical students are exposing lot of stress in their education and this stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, lack of exercise, and their family health history, each being considered an independent factor leading to obesity.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 2nd year MBBS students and find the association between family history with body mass index (BMI).
Materials and Methods: This study included 150 MBBS students’ BMI survey from SVMCHRC, Puducherry The height and weight of the students were be measured and BMI was calculated using formula. Students parents health status data were collected and the association of BMI and family history was established.
Results: Based on student BMI details, the study found that overweigh was 18% and obese was 38%. Student parents health details obtained and studied possible future risk for obese student.
Conclusion: Students are overweight-obese that particular students family history was collected. They are susceptible to the future development of cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, anesthesia risks, and menstrual abnormalities as well as some types of cancers including those of colon and breast. So that students necessary health promotional activities are suggested to adopt healthy life style including regular physical exercises, yoga, and good dietary habits that are advised for healthy life style.
A comparison of burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Santosh Kumar  , Arpit Jaiswal  , Simran Sharma  , Ekaansh Sharma  , Neeraj Sanghwan  , Satyam Pandey  , Ali Ramjan
Published: September 2022

Background: Schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are two common and chronic psychiatric illnesses known to be associated with a considerable burden of caregiving. Various sociodemographic and clinical variables can influence the caregiving experience of the caregivers of these patients.
Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to assess the burden of care, with the help of a well-standardized tool, and its relationship with different factors related to the caregivers.
Materials and Methods: After obtaining the ethical approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, a total of 50 adult caregivers with their patients with OCD as well as 50 caregivers with their patients with schizophrenia were enrolled on the study. The burden assessment schedule (BAS) was the principal tool to assess the burden of care in the caregivers of both patient groups.
Results: The majority of the caregivers were male in both study groups. Both the study groups were comparable in terms of all sociodemographic variables except education and occupation. An education level of high school and above was found in a significantly higher number of the caregivers of patients with the OCD than those with schizophrenia (76% vs. 34%; χ2= 25.76; P<0.001). A significantly higher number (70% vs. 42%, χ2=8.227, P<0.05) of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were unemployed. Both groups were comparable in terms of the overall burden of care (i.e., total BAS score), but the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had a significantly higher mean score of the burden in the domain “caregiver’s routine” (8.92±1.82 vs. 8.08±1.85; t=2.291; P<0.05) and in the domain “taking responsibility” (11.0±0.50 vs. 10.08±0.94; t=6.103; P<0.001) than the caregivers of patients with OCD.
Conclusion: The burden of care in the caregivers of patients with the OCD was not less than that in patients with schizophrenia in almost all of its domains except the burden of caregiver’s routines and taking responsibilities which were higher than the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. There is a need for the development of educational inputs and support programs for these caregivers based on their local needs.
A survey of impression materials and techniques in fixed partial dentures among general dental practitioners and prosthodontists in India
Authors: Dibyatanu Majumder  , Saha Sarmishtha , Sengupta Parama
Published: September 2022

Background: Replacement of missing tooth plays an important role in patient’s comfort and self-esteem.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the most commonly used impression materials and techniques practiced for crowns and bridgework by prosthodontists and general dental practitioners compared to the theoretical methods suggested in the literature and to determine the clinical factors that might influence the decision-making process for the selection of impression materials and techniques.
Materials and Methods: Pre-tested and pre-validated structured and closed-ended anonymous questionnaire was shared with general dental practitioners and prosthodontists.
Results: Most of the prosthodontists use diagnostic impression compared to general dental practitioners (P<0.01). Full-arch tray was used by general dental practitioners significantly more frequently compared to prosthodontists (P<0.01) for single anterior, single posterior, anterior, and posterior bridge preparations. Alginate hydrocolloid was used by general dental practitioners significantly more than prosthodontists (P<0.05); however, addition silicone and condensation silicone were used by prosthodontists significantly more than general dental practitioners (P<0.05). For the impression technique followed in case of using elastomeric impression materials, the prosthodontists used the two-step putty reline technique with spacer more commonly, while general dental practitioners used the multiple mix technique (P<0.01). For the use of provisional restoration for single tooth crowns and for all the bridges, prosthodontists used provisional restoration in significantly higher proportion as compared to general dental practitioners (P<0.01).
Conclusion: According to our study compared to general dental practitioners, practices of the prosthodontists regarding use of fixed partial denture is more in line with the current global trend.
Diagnostic utility of pap smear and visual inspection of acetic acid for the detection of various cervical lesions
Authors: Jain Rashmi , Jagannath Jatav  , Ankit Jain
Published: September 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women facing gynecological problems. It requires early detection by various screening methods.
Aims and Objectives: The current research aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of pap smear cytology and visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA) as a screening test for various cervical lesions.
Materials and Methods: The current prospective study was conducted on 210 non-pregnant women. Cervical pap smears were taken and reported according to the revised Bethesda system, 2014. VIA examination was also done, and any dense opaque aceto-white lesion observation near the squamo-columnar junction was reported as VIA positive. The findings of pap smear cytology and VIA were correlated with findings of histopathology.
Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of pap smear cytology for the diagnosis of cervical lesions were found to be 90.16%, 85.22%, 89.43%, 86.2%, and 88.09%, respectively; while sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of VIA for the diagnosis of cervical lesions were found to be 88.37%, 55.55%, 76%, 75%, and 75.71%, respectively. Our study showed a substantial degree of agreement between pap smear cytology and histopathology for the diagnosis of cervical lesions with Cohen’s kappa value being 0.755.
Conclusion: The current study revealed that pap smear and VIA have high sensitivity with good diagnostic accuracy for the detection of neoplastic cervical lesions, which indicate that they can be used as an efficient screening tool for the detection of cervical lesions in their earlier stages.
Management of intertrochanteric femur fracture by proximal femoral nail and its functional outcome: A prospective study
Authors: Satish Divakar Mehta  , Rahil Jiwani  , Abhijit Maruti Kadam  , Bharat Pawar
Published: September 2022

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are commonly encountered in orthopedics practice. Achieving early mobilization in patients with intertrochanteric fractures is the cornerstone of management. Proximal femoral nailing (PFN) is gaining popularity because of better tolerance of this procedure as well as minimal complication rates. We conducted this study to find out the functional outcome of patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by PFN.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives are as follows: (1) To find out the functional outcome of patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by PFN. (2) To find out complications in patients treated by PFN.
Materials and Methods: 60 patients with intertrochanteric fracture were included in this prospective study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Under spinal anesthesia closed reduction and internal fixation by PFN were done. Open reduction was done in cases where closed reduction was not possible. Functional outcome as assessed by Harris hip score. Statistical analysis was done using SSPS 21.0 Software and P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 60 studied cases there were 37 (61.67%) males and 23 (38.33%) females with a M: F ratio of 1:0.62. The most common type of fracture was AO A3.2 (simple transverse fracture) which was seen in 28 (46.67%) patients followed by AO A3.1 (Simple Oblique fracture) and AO A3.3 (wedge fracture or multi-fragmentary fracture). Functional outcome was excellent to good in 41 (68.33%) patients whereas fair and poor outcome was seen in 12 (20%) and 5 (8.33%) patients, respectively. Very poor outcome was seen in 2 (3.33%) patients.
Conclusion: PFN is an excellent technique for management of intertrochanteric fractures. It is associated with excellent outcome in majority of the cases and is associated with minimal complications.
Comparative analysis of deferasirox and deferiprone iron chelator on the growth pattern of Bengali β-thalassemia major children of West Bengal, India
Authors: Isita Tripathy  , Panja Amrita , Rajarshi Basu
Published: September 2022

Background: Ineffective erythropoiesis and excessive red blood cell transfusions are the major source of iron overload in case of thalassemia major patients. It is mainly accountable for the growth retardation, morbidity, and mortality in patients with beta thalassemia major. The availability of effective iron chelators and proper knowledge regarding the iron toxicity can significantly improve the rate of survival in thalassemia patients.
Aims and Objectives: The study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of the deferiprone (DFP) with deferasirox (DFX) in regulating the growth pattern among the thalassemia major patients.
Materials and Methods: The height and weight were plotted on the World Health Organization recommended growth charts for 0–5 years and 5–19 years old boys and girls during the follow-up visits. Comparison between the role of DFP versus DFX was evaluated by t-test.
Results: There is no statistically significant (P=0.11 in males and P=0.06 in females) difference between DFP versus DFX while considering height velocity. A similar observation was obtained in case of weight velocity (P=0.78 in males and P=0.56 in females) and basal metabolic index (BMI) index (P=0.44 in males and P=0.53 in females).
Conclusion: Both DFX and DFP have no significant correlation in regulating the height, weight, and BMI of thalassemia children.
Histopathological study of childhood tumors of the urogenital system
Authors: Kripa Varghese  , Vivi Miriam Srivastava  , Ramani Manojkumar
Published: September 2022

Background: Malignancies form one of the important causes of pediatric morbidity as well as mortality. These malignancies are increasingly becoming more important causes of pediatric mortality as deaths from other causes such as infections, malnutrition, and heart diseases are decreasing due to advances in field of pediatric medicine. Urogenital tumors form one of the important causes of pediatric urology consultations. This study was done to describe the spectrum and clinicopathologic features of childhood tumors of the urogenital tract in our institution.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) To study the histopathology of childhood tumors of the urogenital system. (2) To describe the clinical, gross, and microscopic features of these tumors.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Christian Medical College, Vellore, in which children below 18 years of age, in whom biopsies or resections of tumors of the urogenital system was done, were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Slides of all such specimens were retrieved from the archives of General Pathology. The clinical features were recorded from cases papers. Microscopic and immunohistochemistry findings were studied. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Descriptive data were reported and compared. Categorical variables were reported using frequency and percentage. Continuous variables were reported using mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) as appropriate.
Results: In our study of 100 pediatric patients with urogenital tumors, there were 55 boys (55%) and 45 girls (45%) amongst the studied cases with a M: F ratio of 1:0.81. The most common type of urogenital neoplasm in pediatric age group was found to be Wilms tumor which was seen in 55 (55%) patients. The other common histopathological findings were mature cystic teratoma (13%), mixed germ cell tumor (7%), yolk sac tumor (6%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (6%). Sertoli cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and clear cell renal carcinoma were less common and were seen in one patient (1%) each.
Conclusion: Urogenital tumors in pediatric age groups form one of the important causes for pediatric urology consultation. In our study Wilms tumor was most common urogenital tumors followed by mature cystic teratoma, mixed germ cell tumor, yolk sac tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and immature teratoma.