bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Ancient Land Boundaries at Tauric Chersonesos Using Satellite Images
Authors: Terekhin Edgar A. , Smekalova Tatiana N.
Published: July 2019

The near chora (agricultural land) of Tauric Chersonesos was investigated using multiyear remote sensing data and field surveys. The boundaries of the land plots were studied with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technology and an analysis of satellite images. Reliable reconstruction of the borders has been done for 231 plots (from a total of about 380), which is approximately 53% of the Chersonesean chora. During the last 50 years, most of the ancient land plots have been destroyed by modern buildings, roads, or forests. However, in the 1960s, a significant part of the chora was still preserved. Changes in preservation with time were studied with the aid of satellite images that were made in 1966 and 2015. During that period, it was found that the number of plots with almost-complete preservation decreased from 47 to 0. Those land plots whose preservation was better than 50% dropped from 104 to 4. A temporal map shows this decline in preservation. It was found that the areas of land plots could be determined accurately with satellite images; compared to field surveys, this accuracy was about 99%.
New Archaeological Data on Achaemenid Influences in the Southern Urals
Authors: Yablonsky† Leonid T. , Treister Mikhail Yu.
Published: July 2019

Under the eastern outer edge of Burial-mound 1 in the Filippovka-1 cemetery near the edge of the mound a grave-pit was discovered which was untouched by looters. The grave goods in this female burial numbered approximately 1200 objects used for various purposes: they included objects from the Achaemenid range, which bear witness to the influences exerted by Achaemenid culture on the material and spiritual culture of the local nomads. This article is a publication of those objects (jewellery items, utensils, vessels made of silver, glass and stone) and their attribution, which makes it possible with varying degrees of probability to date them and to determine the centre of production from which they came.
The Geopolitics of Cyberspace: a Diplomatic Perspective
Authors: Riordan Shaun
Published: July 2019

The Internet has been seen as the harbinger of a world without borders or sovereignty. But states have recently reemerged in Cyberspace, asserting sovereignty or using it to pursue conflict with rivals. This article explores the geopolitics of Cyberspace. It argues that critical geopolitical concepts like geopolitical fields, culture and conditions can offer insights into the behaviour of actors in Cyberspace. The argument is explored through case studies of the US, Russia and China. The article goes beyond traditional nation states to apply similar analysis to the European Union and Internet companies. It concludes that both classical and critical geopolitics can make valuable contributions to the analysis of Cyberspace, and the behaviour of both state and non-state actors. Diplomacy has a crucial role in managing geopolitical conflicts in Cyberspace. But diplomats need to rethink their engagement and reform the structures and cultures in which they operate.
Observations on Pluteaceae in Vietnam. 1. New species and new records of Volvariella
Authors: MALYSHEVA EKATERINA , MALYSHEVA VERA , ALEXANDROVA ALINA , MOROZOVA OLGA
Published: July 2019

Six species of Volvariella are described based on materials collected from Vietnam. Four of them (V. niveosulcata, V. guttulosa, V. ptilotricha and V. pulla) are new species, one (Volvariella sp.) is presented as provisional, and two new collections of V. morozovae, a rare species previously known only from the type locality, are described and discussed. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions are presented based on nrITS and nrLSU regions.
The genus Pseudexechia Tuomikoski re-characterized, with a review of European species (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
Authors: KJÆRANDSEN JOSTEIN
Published: July 2019

The genus Pseudexechia Tuomikoski is re-characterized and described, including a thorough morphological study of the male and female terminalia, providing homology assessment of the various parts and substructures. The 25 currently known species of Pseudexechia are tentatively grouped into four species groups that are characterized mainly by structures of the male terminalia: the canalicula group (Holarctic), the longistylus group (Afrotropical) the trisignata group (Holarctic and Oriental), and the trivittata group (Holarctic and Oriental). The ten European species of Pseudexechia are then revised, of which one, Pseudexechia tuomikoskii sp. n., is described as new to science. All males and nine associated females are keyed, measured, described and illustrated. A principal component analysis of 59 morphometric measurements failed to give a clear separation of the different species and species groups. Except for overall size and some diffuse differences in flagellomere and tarsus lengths the present study also failed to reveal morphometric characters that are clearly taxonomically informative, and species identity must rest primarily on structural differences in the terminalia with aid of coloration patterns. Given as ratios, however, some measurements, like the wing vein R 4+5 bending index and the length to width ratio of clypeus, appear to be informative at species group level.
Some shallow water octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Persian Gulf
Authors: NAMIN K. SAMIMI , VAN OFWEGEN L. P.
Published: July 2019

A collection of octocorals from the Persian Gulf is examined, and all species are identified to at least genus level. Sinularia erecta Tixier-Durivault, 1945; S. compressa Tixier-Durivault, 1945; Subergorgia suberosa (Pallas, 1766); Junceella juncea (Pallas, 1766); and Acanthogorgia spinosa Hiles, 1899, could be identified further. With some doubts Trimuricea reticulata (Thomson & Simpson, 1909), Menella cf. kanisa Grasshoff, 2000, and Verrucella cf. reticulata (Thomson & Simpson, 1909) are tentatively identified. Subergorgia perezi Stiasny, 1940 is synonymised with Subergorgia suberosa (Pallas, 1766), and Echinogorgia bahrelfarsi Stiasny, 1940 is assigned to Menella. Three new species are described and depicted.
Second representative of the order Misophrioida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Australia challenges the hypothesis of the Tethyan origin of some anchialine faunas
Authors: KARANOVIC TOMISLAV , EBERHARD STEFAN M.
Published: July 2019

A new species of the genus Speleophria is described from a cave in the Nullarbor region in southern Western Australia. Its congeners include species from the Balearics, Croatia, Bermuda, Yucatan peninsula and north-western Western Australia, all considered to be Tethyan relicts. However, the discovery of the new speleophriid in the Nullarbor region has important biogeographic and ecological implications. From the biogeographic perspective, it either suggests dispersal as the process determining the current distribution pattern of the aquatic fauna found on the Roe Plains or significantly extends the Tethyan track across Australia, from the north-western coastal margin of the continent to the southern coastal margin. From an ecologic perspective, the new speleophriid suggests the possible existence of anchialine habitats in southern Australia. Speleophria nullarborensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its four congeners by its plesiomorphic 3-segmented endopod of the first swimming leg (2-segmented in other species) and unusually long innermost apical seta on the caudal ramus. Another character that easily distinguishes our new species, and seems to be an autapomorphic feature, is its constricted preanal somite.
Relationships, evolution and biogeography of Semaphore geckos, Pristurus (Squamata, Sphaerodactylidae) based on morphology
Authors: ARNOLD E. N.
Published: July 2019

The Sphaerodactylid gecko genus Pristurus has at least 20 recognised species in Arabia, the Socotra archipelago, and northeast Africa with an isolate 4500km away in Mauritania. Analysis of nineteen variable morphological characters in the Sphaerodactylidae suggests Pristurus is most closely related to Quedenfeldtia of Morocco and then successively to the Spaerodactylini and Saurodactylus. This contrasts with recent studies using nuclear DNA, which place Pristurus in a basal polychotomy in the family. If the molecular tree is correct, there must have been considerable parallelism in anatomy in these taxa. Within Pristurus, parsimony analysis was carried out on a set of 72 variable morphological characters (equivalent to 86 binary ones) from external features, skeleton, musculature and behaviour. Apparent relationships are as follows: P. celerrimus (P. insignis, P. insignoides) (P. guichardi (P. socotranus (P. abdelkuri (P. rupestris, P. popovi, P. flavipunctatus, P. gallagheri, P. adrarensis, the Spatalura clade)))). Relationships within the Spatalura clade are: (P. minimus, P. simonettai) (P. crucifer, P. phillipsi (P. somalicus (P. saada (P. collaris (P. ornithocephalus, P. carteri))))). The more basal Pristurus were apparently primitively heliothermic rock climbers with one lineage becoming tree dwelling. These forms are now confined to the North Oman mountains of eastern Arabia and the Socotra archipelago and may have been replaced elsewhere in Arabia and perhaps northern Africa by a radiation of more morphologically advanced species. Most of these have similar niches to the more primitive forms, but one lineage that gave rise to the Spatalura clade became ground dwelling and partly nocturnal. Many morphological changes on the phylogeny of Pristurus may be functionally associated with shifts in ecology and behaviour.
Three new species and one newly recorded species of oonopid spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Hainan, China
Authors: TONG YANFENG , LI SHUQIANG
Published: July 2019

Three new species and one newly recorded species of the genera Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis collected from Hainan Island, China, are diagnosed, described and illustrated: Gamasomorpha comosa sp. nov., Gamasomorpha virgulata sp. nov., Xestaspis loricata (L. Koch, 1873) and Xestaspis rostrata sp. nov. The genus Xestaspis is firstly recorded from China. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS).
Review of the genus Sorolopha Lower (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Olethreutinae) from Mainland China, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: YU HAILI , LI HOUHUN
Published: July 2019

The genus Sorolopha Lower from the Chinese Mainland is reviewed. Seventeen species are recognized, including two new species, S. dactyloidea sp. n. and S. identaeolochloca sp. n., and five species previously unrecorded from China, S. asphaeropa Diakonoff, 1973, S. ferruginosa Kawabe, 1989, S. karsholti Kawabe, 1989, S. liochlora (Meyrick, 1914), and S. stygiaula (Meyrick, 1933). Also, the female of S. ferruginosa is reported for the first time with a brief description and illustration. Sorolopha longurus Liu & Bai, 1982 (syn. n.) and S. micheliacola Liu, 2001 (syn. n.) are proposed as new synonyms of S. camarotis (Meyrick, 1936), and S. chlorotica Liu & Bai, 1985 (syn. n.) as a new synonym of S. rubescens Diakonoff, 1973. Photographs of adults and genitalia of the new species are provided. A key to the species from the Chinese Mainland is given based on the male genitalia.
A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America
Authors: MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , ARCHIBALD S. BRUCE
Published: July 2019

A new genus and species Allorapisma chuorum gen. sp. nov. is described from the Early Eocene locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A. The forewing venation of Allorapisma is most similar to that of the genus Principiala Makarkin & Menon from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Britain. A new, informal suprageneric taxon consisting of these genera is proposed, the Principiala group. The habitats of extant and fossil Ithonidae are briefly discussed.
The genus Hyboella Hancock (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Metrodorinae) in China
Authors: DENG WEI-AN , ZHENG ZHE-MIN , WEI SHI-ZHEN
Published: July 2019

The species of Hyboella Hancock occurring in China are listed. Two new species, Hyboella tuberdoralis sp. nov. and Hyboella jiuwanshanensis sp. nov. are described. The synonymy, distribution and a key to the species are presented.
New ground-spider genera and species with annexed checklist of the Gnaphosidae (Araneae) of Israel
Authors: LEVY GERSHOM
Published: July 2019

The new spiders addressed in this paper complement a series of revisions of the family Gnaphosidae from Israel. New records are reported and two new genera: Leptopilos and Talanitoides are defined.The following new species are described: Berlandina avishur, Drassyllus adullam, Leptopilos levantinus, L. lakhish, Megamyrmaekion magshimim, Micaria galilaea, Phaeocedus mikha, Setaphis mediterranea, Talanitoides habesor, Trachyzelotes miniglossus, Zelotes baram, Z. harmeron, Z. geshur, Z. lehavim, Z. golanensis, Z. adderet, Z. paradderet, Z. naphthalii and Z. zekharya. The unknown mates of Haplodrassus atarot Levy, 2004, Leptopilos tenerrimus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) n. comb., L. manolisi (Chatzaki, 2002) n. comb., Megamyrmaekion caudatum Reuss, 1834 (former mis-matched male transferred to M. hula n. nov.), Trachyzelotes stubbsi Platnick & Murphy, 1984, Poecilochroa taborensis Levy, 1998, Z. meronensis Levy, 1998, (former mis-matched female transferred to Z. haifaensis n. nov.), Z. hierosolymitanus Levy, 1998, Z. shaked Levy, 1998, Z. zin Levy, 1998 and Z. sumchi Levy, 1998, are described. Two new synonymies are defined: Leptodrassus leclerci Denis, 1966 = Leptopilos tenerrimus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) n. comb., and Zelotes incisupalpis Levy, 1998 = Z. hierosolymitanus Levy, 1998. A checklist of all the Gnaphosidae of Israel is provided.
Ascidians of the genus Aplidium collected on shallow hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia (Atlantic coast of N America, U.S.A.)
Authors: SANAMYAN KAREN , GLEASON DANIEL F.
Published: July 2019

Four shallow-water species of colonial ascidians of the genus Aplidium are identified in the collections made by divers off the coast of Georgia, U.S.A. One of the specimens, Aplidium ruzickai n. sp., is characterized by a combination of high numbers of rows of stigmata and stomach folds and is described as a new species.
Differentiation of larvae and pupae of aquatic genera of Nearctic Hemerodromiinae (Diptera: Empididae)
Authors: BRAMMER COLIN A. , HARKRIDER J. ROBERT , MACDONALD JOHN F.
Published: July 2019

Larvae and pupae representing four genera of aquatic dance flies, Chelifera Macquart, Hemerodromia Meigen, Metachela Coquillett, and Neoplasta Coquillett (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) are differentiated, diagnosed, illustrated, and keyed. Results are based on: limited rearing associations of larvae, pupae, and adults; external morphology of larvae, pupae, and pupal exuviae; and fragment sizes of ribosomal DNA extracted from larvae, pupae and adults of Nearctic Hemerodromiinae. Fragment size of ribosomal DNA is diagnostic at the generic level.
On the generic identity of Odontophrynus moratoi Jim & Caramaschi, 1980 (Anura, Cycloramphidae)
Authors: AMARO RENATA CECÍLIA , PAVAN DANTE , RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT
Published: July 2019

The generic identity of Odontophrynus moratoi is controversial since the original description due to the presence of intermediate morphological features between the genera Odontophrynus and Proceratophrys. Herein we performed molecular analyses of three genes (16S, cyt b and Rag-1) and recovered O. moratoi deeply imbedded inside a clade containing only Proceratophrys species, appearing as the sister group of Proceratophrys concavitympanum. Therefore, this study formally transfers the species O. moratoi to the genus Proceratophrys [Proceratophrys moratoi (Jim & Caramaschi 1980) comb. nov].
Not from Down Under: new synonymies and combinations for orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) erroneously reported from Australia
Authors: FRAMENAU VOLKER W. , SCHARFF NIKOLAJ , LEVI HERBERT W.
Published: July 2019

The examination of type material of presumed Australian orb-weaving spiders as part of a revision of the Araneidae of this country revealed that a number of species are not from Australia. The Natural History Museum, Vienna (Austria) holds the type material of three species of orb-weaving spiders that were originally described from Australia, however all of the species are undoubtedly of American, most likely southern Brazilian, origin and it is unlikely that they were collected in Australia. We propose the following synonymies and generic transfers: Acacesia tenella (L. Koch, 1871) comb. nov. (= Acacesia cornigera Petrunkevitch, 1925 new synonymy); Alpaida navicula (L. Koch, 1871) comb. nov. (= Alpaida roemeri (Strand, 1908) new synonymy); and Eustala mucronatella (Roewer, 1942) comb. nov. In addition, Novearanea queribunda (Keyserling, 1887) comb. nov. (= Araneus quaesitus (Keyserling, 1887) new synonymy; = Novaranea laevigata (Urquhart, 1891) new synonymy) is a New Zealand orb-weaving spider based on the labels that were found with the type specimens housed at the Natural History Museum, London (England). In the original description no locality data was given for N. queribunda and “Australien” was erroneously listed for A. quaesitus.
Nonlinear Zonal Propagation of Organized Convection in the Tropics
Authors: Blanco Joaquin E. , Nolan David S. , Mapes Brian E.
Published: July 2019

A wide range of the observed variability in the ITCZ is frequently explained in terms of equatorially trapped modes arising from Matsuno’s linear shallow-water model. Here, a series of zonally constant, meridionally symmetric aquachannel WRF simulations are used to study the propagation of tropical cloud clusters (CCs; patches of deep cloudiness and precipitation) in association with eastward-moving super cloud clusters (SCCs), also called convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs). Two independent but complementary methods are used: the first, from a local approach, involves a CC-tracking algorithm, while the second uses Lagrangian trajectories in a nonlocal framework. We show that the large-scale flow in low to midlevels advects the CCs either eastward or westward depending on model climatology, proximity to the CCKW axis, and latitude. Moreover, for most analyzed cases, sequences of CCs oscillate, describing qualitatively sinusoidal-like paths in longitude–time space, although with sharp transitions from westward to eastward motion due to westerly wind burst activity associated with the CCKWs. We also find that the discrete precipitation elements (CCs) are embedded in continuous tracks of positive moisture anomalies, which are parallel to the Lagrangian trajectories themselves. A conceptual model of the nonlinear SCC–CC interaction is presented.
Projected Changes in European and North Atlantic Seasonal Wind Climate Derived from CMIP5 Simulations
Authors: Ruosteenoja Kimmo , Vihma Timo , Venäläinen Ari
Published: July 2019

Future changes in geostrophic winds over Europe and the North Atlantic region were studied utilizing output data from 21 CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs). Changes in temporal means, extremes, and the joint distribution of speed and direction were considered. In concordance with previous research, the time mean and extreme scalar wind speeds do not change pronouncedly in response to the projected climate change; some degree of weakening occurs in the majority of the domain. Nevertheless, substantial changes in high wind speeds are identified when studying the geostrophic winds from different directions separately. In particular, in northern Europe in autumn and in parts of northwestern Europe in winter, the frequency of strong westerly winds is projected to increase by up to 50%. Concurrently, easterly winds become less common. In addition, we evaluated the potential of the GCMs to simulate changes in the near-surface true wind speeds. In ocean areas, changes in the true and geostrophic winds are mainly consistent and the emerging differences can be explained (e.g., by the retreat of Arctic sea ice). Conversely, in several GCMs the continental wind speed response proved to be predominantly determined by fairly arbitrary changes in the surface properties rather than by changes in the atmospheric circulation. Accordingly, true wind projections derived directly from the model output should be treated with caution since they do not necessarily reflect the actual atmospheric response to global warming.
Bound to Fail? Exploring the Systemic Pathologies of CSR and Their Implications for CSR Research
Authors: Schneider Anselm
Published: July 2019

Among critics of corporate social responsibility (CSR), there is growing concern that CSR is largely ineffective as a corrective to the shortcomings of capitalism, namely, the negative effects of business on society and the undersupply of public goods. At the same time, researchers suggest that despite the shortcomings of CSR, it is possible to make it more effective in a stepwise manner. To explain the frequent failures of current CSR practices and to explore the possibilities of remedying them, I examine the close relationship between CSR, the persistent expansion of capitalism, and the pressure that capitalism puts on companies to legitimize their business operations. My analysis shows that the failure of CSR to serve as a corrective to the problematic effects of capitalism is, in fact, an inevitable consequence of the problematic dynamics of the capitalist system. On this basis, I suggest that capitalism limits the possibilities of making CSR more effective, argue for change on the systemic level of capitalism, and explore the ways in which CSR research can contribute to this political endeavor.
Characteristics of Conversion Disorder in an Urban Academic Children’s Medical Center
Authors: Samuels Ayol , Tuvia Tali , Patterson Daniel , Briklin Olga , Shaffer Scott , Walker Audrey
Published: July 2019

Background. Literature on childhood conversion disorder (CD) is sparse and is mostly limited to the outpatient population. Method. Our study retrospectively examines the characteristics of childhood CD in 42 children and adolescents seen by the psychiatric consultation-liaison service in an urban academic medical center with a large minority population. Results. CD accounted for 11% of our consultations. The majority of patients were female adolescents, but in the younger cohort, the male-to-female ratio equalized. Other somatic symptoms and additional psychiatric diagnoses were common, anxiety disorders in particular. Antecedent stressors were identified in 95% of patients, most commonly related to family stressors. Recent or remote history of abuse was rare. Neurological presentations were complex, with almost half of the patients presenting with multiple distinct neurological symptoms. Hyperkinetic symptoms were more common than hypokinetic symptoms, and paroxysmal symptoms were more common than non-paroxysmal. No distress (la belle indifference) was found in only 25% of patients and about half of patients had no socio-academic impairment. High resource utilization was noted based on multiple specialist consultants, diagnostic studies, and length of stay. Conclusion. Much of our data confirms previous findings and contributes to what is becoming a more robust characterization of this population.
Backing the Incumbent in Difficult Times: The Electoral Impact of Wildfires
Authors: Ramos Roberto , Sanz Carlos
Published: July 2019

How do voters react to shocks that are outside the control of politicians? We address this question by studying the electoral impact of wildfires in Spain in the period 1983-2014. This context allows us to study (a) the effects of fires at different locations and times, as opposed to a specific disaster; (b) the heterogeneous effects by time relative to election day; and (c) the effects on elections for all levels of government. Using a difference-in-difference strategy, we find that an accidental fire up to 9 months ahead of a municipal election increases the incumbent party’s vote share by up to 8 percentage points, whereas a fire earlier in the term does not affect the election results. In addition, fires have no effect on regional or national elections. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind the results in light of the main theories on electoral accountability.
Effects of Liberalization on Incumbent Firms’ Marketing-Mix Responses and Performance: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment
Authors: Ramani Nandini , Srinivasan Raji
Published: July 2019

Many markets are liberalizing by opening up their economies to foreign competition, with the expectation that this will increase economic growth. While foreign competitors with superior technology and management practices pose serious threats to incumbent firms, they also provide them an opportunity to gain new marketing knowledge. How do incumbent firms respond to liberalization? Can incumbent firms’ marketing-mix responses affect their performance following liberalization? Addressing these questions, the authors examine incumbent firms’ marketing-mix responses to liberalization and the impact of these responses on performance, using the quasi-experiment of liberalization reforms in India. Estimation results from a panel of 3,927 firms in the period 1989–2000 suggest that while all incumbent firms intensified their product and promotions in response to liberalization, only incumbent firms with greater domestic market knowledge intensified their advertising and distribution responses. Furthermore, incumbent firms’ marketing-mix responses significantly affect their performance outcomes. The research’s findings extend theory and provide practical guidelines on how incumbent firms can design marketing-mix responses to liberalization to improve performance.
The Charm of Behavior-Based Pricing: When Consumers’ Taste Is Diverse and the Consideration Set Is Limited
Authors: Amaldoss Wilfred , He Chuan
Published: July 2019

Technology is making it easier for firms to track consumers’ purchase history and leverage the information when setting prices. This article explores the practice of behavior-based pricing (BBP) in a horizontally differentiated market where consumers’ taste is diverse and the consideration set is limited. The analysis identifies a novel mechanism that can help firms earn more profits with BBP than without it. Prior research shows that BBP intensifies price competition for new consumers. The authors show that if consumer valuation is low, the lower price can help expand sales to consumers for whom only the second preferred product is available, and the resulting increase in revenue more than offsets the loss in revenue because of the intensified price competition. The opposite result occurs if product valuation is high. Moreover, the difference in the price charged for old and new consumers under BBP decreases with the diversity in consumers’ taste if consumer valuation is low. The result, however, is reversed if consumer valuation is high.
The Secret Ingredient Is Me: Customization Prompts Self-Image-Consistent Product Perceptions
Authors: Klesse Anne-Kathrin , Cornil Yann , Dahl Darren William , Gros Nina
Published: July 2019

Companies frequently allow customers to customize products by assembling different product features or ingredients. Whereas existing research has demonstrated that customers assign greater overall value to customized products, this research focuses on the effect of customization on customers’ perceptions of specific product attributes (e.g., how healthy a product is). The findings of six studies—in the field, laboratory, and online—demonstrate that customizers and noncustomizers differ in their product perceptions even if the product is objectively the same. This is because customization leads customers to perceive the product in line with their own self-image (e.g., as an unhealthy eater), a phenomenon that the authors term “self-image-consistent product perceptions.” Essentially, customization may influence product perceptions depending on the product and individuals’ self-image; this can have downstream consequences on recommendations and social media communication. The authors test this theory for different product categories (clothing, food, and vacation packages) and attributes (fashionable, healthy, and adventurous) and demonstrate that framing customization as a simple choice or strengthening product positioning through labeling mitigates negative effects of customization.
When Salespeople Manage Customer Relationships: Multidimensional Incentives and Private Information
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Sudhir K. , Uetake Kosuke , Canales Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

At many firms, incentivized salespeople with private information about customers are responsible for customer relationship management. Although incentives motivate sales performance, private information can induce moral hazard by salespeople to gain compensation at the expense of the firm. The authors investigate the sales performance–moral hazard trade-off in response to multidimensional performance (acquisition and maintenance) incentives in the presence of private information. Using unique panel data on customer loan acquisition and repayments linked to salespeople from a microfinance bank, the authors detect evidence of salesperson private information. Acquisition incentives induce salesperson moral hazard, leading to adverse customer selection, but maintenance incentives moderate it as salespeople recognize the negative effects of acquiring low-quality customers on future payoffs. Critically, without the moderating effect of maintenance incentives, the adverse selection effect of acquisition incentives overwhelms the sales-enhancing effects, clarifying the importance of multidimensional incentives for customer relationship management. Reducing private information (through job transfers) hurts customer maintenance but has greater impact on productivity by moderating adverse selection at acquisition. This article also contributes to the recent literature on detecting and disentangling customer adverse selection and customer moral hazard (defaults) with a new identification strategy that exploits the time-varying effects of salesperson incentives.
Medical negligence according to the Islamic Penal Code in Iran: A case report
Authors: Moghaddam Omid Moradi , Lahiji Mohammad Niakan , asl Nahid Dadashzadeh , Memarian Azadeh
Published: July 2019

Crimes against a person's physical integrity are a serious and consequential felony in the Islamic criminal law. A war veteran and victim of chemical warfare deceased at the age of 69 was referred to Kahrizak Legal Medicine Center, Tehran, Iran for autopsy. According to Iranian law, deceased war veterans should undergo autopsy to have the potential damage to their organs due to chemical warfare identified, so that due compensation can be awarded to their heirs. When the chest was opened and the pericardium was removed to separate the heart from arterial bases, a sterile gauze was astonishingly found in the mediastinal cavity. According to the history provided by his children, the veteran had undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) 10 years before, which had caused him physical and mental frailty and ultimately led to his death following a respiratory infection.
Proxy models for evaluation of permeability, three-phase relative permeability, and capillary pressure curves from rate-transient data
Authors: Zhang Zhenzihao , Ertekin Turgay
Published: July 2019

This study developed a data-driven forecasting tool that predicts petrophysical properties from rate-transient data. Traditional estimations of petrophysical properties, such as relative permeability (RP) and capillary pressure (CP), strongly rely on coring and laboratory measurements. Coring and laboratory measurements are typically conducted only in a small fraction of wells. To contend with this constraint, in this study, we develop artificial neural network (ANN)-based tools that predict the three-phase RP relationship, CP relationship, and formation permeability in the horizontal and vertical directions using the production rate and pressure data for black-oil reservoirs. Petrophysical properties are related to rate-transient data as they govern the fluid flow in oil/gas reservoirs. An ANN has been proven capable of mimicking any functional relationship with a finite number of discontinuities. To generate an ANN representing the functional relationship between rate-transient data and petrophysical properties, an ANN structure pool is first generated and trained. Cases covering a wide spectrum of properties are then generated and put into training. Training of ANNs in the pool and comparisons among their performance yield the desired ANN structure that performs the most effectively among the ANNs in the pool. The developed tool is validated with blind tests and a synthetic field case. Reasonable predictions for the field cases are obtained. Within a fraction of second, the developed ANNs infer accurate characteristics of RP and CP for three phases as well as residual saturation, critical gas saturation, connate water saturation, and horizontal permeability with a small margin of error. The predicted RP and CP relationship can be generated and applied in history matching and reservoir modeling. Moreover, this tool can spare coring expenses and prolonged experiments in most of the field analysis. The developed ANNs predict the characteristics of three-phase RP and CP data, connate water saturation, residual oil saturation, and critical gas saturation using rate-transient data. For cases fulfilling the requirement of the tool, the proposed technique improves reservoir description while reducing expenses and time associated with coring and laboratory experiments at the same time.
Synthesis and application of poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) macromolecule dyes with high light fastness
Authors: Shan Bin , Cui Ruilin , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao
Published: July 2019

New types of poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) macromolecule dyes were designed and synthesized based on poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) and reactive dyes. The structures of the synthesized dyes were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and thin layer chromatography. They were applied for dyeing cotton fibers and high fixations were achieved due to their reactive abilities. The dyed samples showed excellent fastness to washing and rubbing and the light fastness of red, blue and yellow poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) dye could reach grades 3–4, 4 and 6–7, respectively.
Housing abandonment in shrinking cities of East Asia: Case study in Incheon, South Korea
Authors: Jeon Youngmee , Kim Saehoon
Published: July 2019

Despite growing signs of urban shrinkage in countries such as Korea, Japan and China, few studies have examined the generalisable pattern of urban shrinkage and its relationship to the characteristics of housing abandonment in the East Asian context. This study explores five major paths that may explain the emergence of vacant houses in declining inner-city areas, based on empirical observations in the city of Incheon, South Korea. The paths are: (1) strong government-led new built-up area development plans (pull factor for population movement); (2) delay and cancellation of indiscriminate redevelopment projects (push factor for population movement); (3) initial poor development and concentration of substandard houses; (4) aging of the elderly population; and (5) the outflow of infrastructure and services. These paths, also found in Japan or China, are expected to be combined in a local context, leading to more serious housing abandonment. This study suggests that it is important to take appropriate countermeasures based on the identification of the paths causing vacant houses.
Ethical Infrastructure for a Modern Judiciary
Authors: Appleby Gabrielle , Le Mire Suzanne
Published: July 2019

The ethical conduct of judicial officers has been traditionally seen as a matter for individual judges to determine for themselves. Today, judges are still frequently left to consider ethical dilemmas with little formal institutional support. They must rely on their own resources or informal advice and counsel from colleagues and the head of jurisdiction. This article will explore whether this arrangement continues to be appropriate. We consider a hypothesis that a number of factors, including the growing numbers and diversity of the judiciary mean that it is less likely that there will be common understandings of the ethical values to be employed in resolving difficult dilemmas. Thus, we further hypothesise, the traditional arrangements are likely to prove insufficient. Drawing on the findings of a survey of judicial officers across Australian jurisdictions conducted in 2016, we test these hypotheses by reference to the perceptions of Australian judicial officers as to the adequacy of the ethical support available to them. Finally, we consider the variety of supports that are available in comparable jurisdictions and also in the legal profession, before turning to possible solutions to the question our hypotheses raise, including the introduction of ‘ethical infrastructures’ in the form of more formal arrangements that provide ethical guidance to judges. We argue that these ethical support mechanisms have the potential to enhance the quality of ethical decision-making and foster an ethical culture within the judiciary.
Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Refractory to Maximal Medical Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study Under Real-World Conditions
Authors: Dejaco Daniel , Riedl David , Giotakis Aristeidis , Bektic-Tadic Ljilja , Kahler Patrick , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: July 2019

This investigation explored the outcomes of 4 standardized treatments in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), despite recent maximal medical therapy (MMT). In a prospective observational study, we compared continued nasal steroids and irrigation (cNSI), repeated MMT (rMMT), pulsed nasal steroid inhalation (PSI), and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Between November 2015 and March 2016, patients with symptomatic CRS despite having received MMT during the year prior to symptom reoccurrence were offered 1 of 4 standardized treatments. Reflecting real-world conditions, patients selected their treatment option following physician counseling. Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) scores were obtained before treatment, at the end of treatment, and at 2 months and 1 year following treatment. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) duration since last MMT was 144 (±36 days). Of the 130 patients, 52 selected cNSI, 16 PSI, 19 rMMT, and 43 ESS. Mean SNOT-22 scores before treatment did not significantly differ between treatments ( P = .99). Overall, SNOT-22 scores decreased from 38 ± 2 before treatment to 20 ± 2 after 1 year ( P < .001), with a higher reduction for patients having CRS with nasal polyps than for those without nasal polyps (35 ± 2 to 15 ± 2 vs 41 ± 3 to 25 ± 4, respectively; both P < .001). Overall, no difference between the 3 medical treatments was observed (all P > .2). Post-treatment scores following ESS (19 ± 2) were significantly lower than for each of the 3 medical treatments (cNSI 26 ± 2, P = .004; PSI 27 ± 3, P = .026; rMMT 28 ± 3, P = .008). At 1 year following ESS, 26 of 31 patients were asymptomatic and did not require additional systemic steroids, compared to 25 of 50 patients following medical treatment ( P = .002). The investigated standardized treatments significantly improved SNOT-22 scores in patients with refractory CRS under real-world conditions. Both patients having CRS with and those without nasal polyps showed significant improvement in SNOT-22 scores, although a less profound effect was found among the latter group. Patients who selected ESS were less symptomatic during the first follow-up year than patients who selected medical treatment alone. Patients with refractory CRS did not benefit from an additional course of MMT in comparison to those who were treated only with cNSI.
Management of Upper Airway Leech Infestations
Authors: Harun Kucuk
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Upper airway foreign body is one of the most encountered clinical situations in otolaryngology practice. In rare conditions, a living organism may be a foreign body in the upper airway. In this study, we demonstrate 19 patients with leech infestations in nose, nasopharynx, and larynx.

Methods:

This study was enrolled with 19 patients between 2012 and 2016 in a regional state hospital. All of the patients were admitted to clinic with these complaints: epistaxis, hemoptysis, coughing, foreign body sensation, and bloody stool.

Results:

There were 12 male and 7 female patients. The leech was in the nose in 12 patients, in nasopharynx in 6 patients, and in the larynx in only 1 patient. All leeches are removed under local anesthesia (except laryngeal presentation). No bleeding and complication were seen after extraction of leech.

Conclusion:

Leech can be easily diagnosed and managed in the upper aero-digestive tract without any complication and leech-associated disease.
Perceptions of Strengths-Based Child Welfare Practices Among Mothers With Drug Use Histories
Authors: Fusco Rachel A.
Published: July 2019

Families in the child welfare system show especially poor outcomes when a parent has a drug use history. These parents may be difficult to engage, which may contribute to their failure to follow through with service planning and receipt. The child welfare system has historically emphasized risk and pathology and does not always use a strengths-based approach, although this has and can greatly increase client engagement. The current study involves data from mothers of young children receiving child welfare services ( n = 336) to examine individual and family risk factors and mothers’ perceptions of strengths-based practices by their caseworker. Roughly one third of women reported past year drug use. Mothers reporting drug use perceived four dimensions of strengths-based practice lower than mothers with no drug use history. Individual and family risks were associated with lower perceived strengths-based practices among mother who used drugs. Strengths-based practices with mothers with drug use histories are discussed.
Effects of Positive Thinking on Dementia Caregivers’ Burden and Care-Recipients’ Behavioral Problems
Authors: Bekhet Abir K. , Garnier-Villarreal Mauricio
Published: July 2019

Most dementia care is provided at home by family members. This caregiving places an additional burden on the family members, which can negatively impact their physical and psychological well-being. The caregivers’ burden can also contribute to behavioral problems in the care-recipients. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating/moderating effects of positive thinking (PT) on the relationship between caregivers’ burden (embarrassment/anger, patient’s dependency, and self-criticism) and their care-recipients’ behavioral problems (memory, depression, and disruption) in a sample of 100 dementia caregivers. Results indicated that caregivers’ embarrassment, self-criticism, and perception of patient dependency predicts depression in care-recipients, and these relationships are moderated by PT. Results also indicated that as PT increases, the relationship between embarrassment and disruption goes down as well as does the relationship between self-criticism and depression. The study provided direction for the development of a PT training intervention to help caregivers to combat their burden.
Canine Ependymoma: Diagnostic Criteria and Common Pitfalls
Authors: Miller Andrew D. , Koehler Jennifer W. , Donovan Taryn A. , Stewart Jennifer E. , Porter Brian F. , Rissi Daniel R. , Priestnall Simon L. , Schulman F. Yvonne
Published: July 2019

Reports of canine ependymoma are generally restricted to single case reports with tumor incidence estimated at 2% to 3% of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. While most commonly reported in the lateral ventricle, tumors can occur anywhere in the ventricular system and in extraventricular locations. Rosettes and pseudorosettes are a common histologic feature; however, these features can be mimicked by other CNS neoplasms. Thirty-seven potential ependymoma cases were identified in a retrospective database search of 8 institutions, and a histologic review of all cases was conducted. Of 37 cases, 22 candidate cases were further subjected to a consensus histologic and immunohistochemical review, and only 5 of 37 (13.5%) were conclusively identified as ependymoma. The neuroanatomic locations were the lateral ventricle (3/5), third ventricle (1/5), and mesencephalic aqueduct (1/5). Subtypes were papillary (4/5) and tanycytic (1/5). Histologic features included rosettes (5/5), pseudorosettes (5/5), ependymal canals (2/5), tanycytic differentiation (1/5), blepharoplasts (1/5), ciliated cells (1/5), and high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (5/5). Immunolabeling for GFAP (4/4) and CKAE1/3 (3/4) was found in pseudorosettes, rosettes, and scattered individual neoplastic cells. Diffuse but variably intense cytoplasmic S100 immunolabeling was detected in 3 of 4 cases. Olig2 intranuclear immunolabeling was observed in less than 1% of the neoplastic cells (3/3). Tumors that had pseudorosettes and mimicked ependymoma included oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus tumor, pituitary corticotroph adenoma, papillary meningioma, and suprasellar germ cell tumor. These findings indicate that canine ependymoma is an extremely rare neoplasm with histomorphologic features that overlap with other primary CNS neoplasms.
Ageing and the orchestra: Self-efficacy and engagement in community music-making
Authors: MacRitchie Jennifer , Garrido Sandra
Published: July 2019

This study examines the relationship between age, self-efficacy and intellectual, emotional and social engagement in a group of orchestral players who are a mixture of professional and amateur musicians. Using a concurrent triangulation design, quantitative survey data from 23 orchestral players is cross-validated with qualitative interview data from three of these respondents. Results confirm that intellectual stimulation is high for these orchestral players and is a balance between perceived challenge, effort and reward of the musical tasks. In this particular orchestra, it appears that emotional engagement increases with age for amateur players, yet decreases with age for professionals, which may be due to increasing pressures. Although social engagement is high, with players reporting feeling connected as a group whilst making music, new personal connections may be difficult to forge.
Wind resource clustering based on statistical Weibull characteristics
Authors: van Vuuren Chantelle Y Janse , Vermeulen Hendrik J
Published: July 2019

This investigation presents results for the clustering of wind resource data based on statistical Weibull characteristics. The clustering of a chosen geographical area is based on the Weibull and mean wind speed characteristics for each geospatial point for the high energy demand period. The geographically clustered area is chosen from one of the renewable energy development zones, which were identified by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The renewable energy dataset used throughout this study represents the eight renewable energy zones through a meso-scale wind and solar dataset, which spans a 5-year period, at a 15-min temporal resolution. The clustering exercise is aimed at the identification of various geographical areas which best represent a specific independent power producers energy site expectations, while balancing factors such as grid stability and economic and environmental considerations. The study looks into various clustering factors, namely the demand seasons and the energy time of use periods, which correlate to energy production demands for the South African region. The clustering algorithms compared within this study include k-means clustering, the Clustering LARge Applications algorithm, the hierarchical agglomerative algorithm and a model-based clustering algorithm. The initial comparison study yielded the k-means algorithm as the best performing algorithm based on the following internal validation metrics: the Silhouette index, Dunn index and the Calinski-Harabasz index. This clustering method is then subsequently performed on various topical case studies.