bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
海外轨道交通建设“PPP+EPC”模式风险控制探讨
Authors: 韩 春景
Published: March 2020

中国承包商在承建国际工程项目方面有较长的历史，近年来结合国家的“一带一路”倡议，“PPP+EPC”模式逐渐成为主流。城市轨道交通领域“PPP+EPC”的建设模式也开始在中方参与投资和建设的国家实施，论文主要以项目实施角度为例，简要介绍“PPP+EPC”模式在海外的实施结构和相对应的风险分析、防控措施。
Strategic Analysis of English Teaching Reform in Universities and Colleges under the Background of the“Belt and Road”Strategy
Authors: Wu Shaojie
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the "Belt and Road" as a newly proposed economic strategy has not only created a new type of economic development model, but also brought some reforms to the current English education in Universities and Colleges. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the "Belt and Road" and the English teaching in universities and colleges, the author makes suggestions for the innovation of teaching ideas, aiming to cultivate more outstanding talents for the strategic development of the "Belt and Road".
Los derechos de las audiencias: una mirada deconstructiva a los principios de actuaci�n de televisoras en Am�rica Latina
Authors: Ar�valo Mart�nez Rebeca Illiana , Del Prado Flores Rogelio
Published: March 2020

Este estudio realiza un an�lisis deconstructivo de los principios de actuaci�n de las televisoras en Am�rica Latina, con el fin de destacar las paradojas que conforman el ser y la actuaci�n de la industria de mayor influencia en la sociedad. La deconstrucci�n es un gesto pol�tico que responde a la deuda con la justicia heter�noma. De tal forma que el objetivo es deconstruir los marcos operativos y conocer qu� tanta importancia tiene para las televisoras publicar los derechos de las audiencias. Este estudio demuestra que ninguna televisora, de una muestra de 10 empresas, cumple con el compromiso de publicar en sus p�ginas electr�nicas los derechos de las audiencias proclamados por diferentes organismos, como la Organizaci�n de las Naciones Unidas, y otros organismos internacionales encargados de establecer los derechos fundamentales del ser humano, lo que nos demuestra que las televisoras se manejan seg�n sus propios intereses, y no como un servicio de inter�s p�blico a favor de la democracia. Este estudio demuestra, por tanto, que la televisi�n no es una aliada en la conformaci�n de una ciudadan�a participativa.
Acercamiento a la comunicaci�n externa de organizaciones dedicadas a la venta de caf� y sus clientes, en la ciudad de Mexicali
Authors: Gallegos Arredondo �mbar Eugenia , Mart�nez M�ndez Gabriela , Montoya Robles Mar�a De Jes�s
Published: March 2020

La venta de bebidas a base de caf� es una oportunidad que han identificado algunos empresarios de la regi�n, quienes cuentan con el respaldo de productos de un pa�s cafetalero como el nuestro, gracias a ello han logrado posicionar sus productos dando un servicio atractivo para los clientes, un espacio de socializaci�n, entretenimiento o relajaci�n. Pero �qu� otras estrategias deben seguir para permanecer en las preferencias de sus clientes? Se propone un acercamiento a su comunicaci�n externa dirigida a los clientes, con apoyo de lo Hecho en M�xico. Se realiz� un estudio del estado actual de los medios y c�mo son percibidos, a partir de una muestra de 168 clientes en diversas empresas de caf� se describen sus h�bitos y preferencias de consumo, su opini�n sobre los medios y la atenci�n que reciben por parte de los empleados. La propuesta consiste en no improvisar, sino en plantear estrategias, mejorar anuncios, diversificar medios y propiciar mayor proximidad con clientes a trav�s de medios de comunicaci�n para empresas de este tipo.
Writing in English for the Workplace
Authors: Tosques Edward
Published: March 2020

Writing in English for the Workplace is an eLearning work for the acquisition of profession-oriented writing skills in English. It consists of tutorials and interactive exercise materials on a variety of text types, as well as on all stylistic aspects related to writing. The text-types cover the four major areas of mass communications, business, research and technology. The work is being published in installments, of which the Interactive Grammar is the first. The others will be added at regular intervals, to form an interlocking whole.
These interactive learning materials were programmed with Macromedia Authorware. To read them over the internet you must first download/install, free of charge, the appropriate Authorware Web Player.
Effetto Poe
Authors: Melani Costanza
Published: March 2020

Effetto Poe is an essay on comparative literature dedicated to the great success that Edgar Allan Poe gained in Italy from the moment the translation of his works reached the Turin bookshops in 1857 until the mid-twentieth century. The volume re-enacts the history of a long and complex assimilation, analysing the relationship that some thirty Italian writers had with the work of Poe, considered as readers, translators, critics or imitators. Baccio Emanuele Maineri, Igino Ugo Tarchetti, Emilio Cecchi, Giovanni Papini, Tommaso Landolfi, Dino Buzzati, Ennio Flaiano are just some of the authors representing the Italian nocturnal side that grew up in the shadow of the American master's nightmares.
I Kalasha del Hindu Kush: ricerche linguistiche e antropologiche
Authors: Di Carlo Pierpaolo
Published: March 2020

The Kalush are the last Kafirs (pagans) of Hindu Kush and speak an Indo-European language, which makes them a particularly precious resource for the Indo-European scholar. This thesis offers an in-depth study of their language and of some aspects of their culture. Starting from the data collected during a field study in the least well-known of the three Kalasha valleys, on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, the author proposes a contrastive analysis of the everyday language and that used for poetry. This analysis, and the mass of ethnographic data considered, enable the author to identify the socio-cultural reasons behind certain linguistic choices that can be observed in the poetic discourse, thus bringing to light the essence of the relations between language and culture.
Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Kombinasi Direct Acting Antivirals (DAA) Pada Pasien Hepatitis C Di RSUD Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Meila Okpri , ST Fatimah A. Triwildan
Published: March 2020

Tatalaksana penyakit hepatitis C telah mengalami perubahan dari terapi berbasis PEG-interferonke terapi golongan Direct Acting Antiretroviral(DAA) seperti daclastavir, sofobusvir dan simeprevir. DAA terbukti memiliki efektifitas lebih tinggi dengan pencapaian Sustained Virological Response (SVR) di atas 95%, dengan penggunaan oral dan efek samping yang rendah, namun biaya terapi kombinasi DAA tetap tinggi. Ada beberapa pedoman tatalaksana terapi, namun belum diketahui terapi mana yang lebih efektif dan efisien pada golongan tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan cost effectivedalam penggunaan obat hepatitis Ckombinasi sofobusvir – daclastavir (S-D) dengan kombinasi sofobusvir – simeprevir (S-S). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskripsi analitik secara potong lintang dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis penderita hepatitis C sementara data rincian biaya pengobatan diperoleh dari bagian keuangan pasien rawat jalan di RSUD Tebet Jakarta Selatan periode Januari 2017 – Oktober 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 62 pasien yang terdiri dari 31 pasien menggunakan kombinasi S-D dan 31 pasien menggunakan S-S. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini hanya biaya pengobatan langsung (yang meliputi biaya pemeriksaan, biaya laboratorium dan biaya obat), sedangkan efektivitasnya menggunakan nilai sustained virological response(SVR -12). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efektivitas terapi paling besar untuk mencapai nilai SVR-12 negatif adalah kombinasi sofobusvir - daclastavir yaitu sebanyak 31 pasien (100%), sedangkan kombinasi S-S hanya 29 pasien (93,55%) yang mencapai nilai SVR-12 negatif. Sementara efektivitas biaya berdasarkan nilai ACER pada kombinasi S-D dan kombinasi S-S secara berurutan adalah Rp. 29,037,937/pasien dan Rp. 40,686,453/pasien, sementara nilai ICER sebesar yaitu sebesar -Rp  4,511,792. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi S-Dlebih cost effective dibandingkan kombinasi S-S
HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN MENGGUNAKAN OBAT DENGAN KEBERHASILAN TERAPI PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RS PT PUSRI PALEMBANG
Authors: Rikmasari Yopi
Published: March 2020

Resiko terjadinya komplikasi kardiovaskuler dan kematian meningkat pada pasien yang tidak patuh terhadap rejimen terapi hipertensi. Ketidakpatuhan dalam minum obat hipertensi dapat memicu terjadinya reboun, yaitu tekanan darah yang sudah turun saat diobati tiba – tiba bisa melonjak lebih tinggi saat obat dihentikan. Tingkat kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia yang masih rendah terhadap kesehatan berdampak pada jumlah pasien yang tidak menyadari bahwa dirinya menderita hipertensi dan tidak mematuhi minum obat kemungkinan lebih besar Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepatuhan menggunakan obat dengan keberhasilan terapi pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit “X” Palembang.Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional secara prospektif, menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat analitis dengan desain deskriptif  berupa chi square. Sumber data diperoleh dari data primer  dan data sekunder. Kepatuhan pasien dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS – 8.   Keberhasilan terapi dinilai sesuai dengan sasaran terapi pada pengobatan hipertensi menurut JNC 7.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan golongan obat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ACEi, diuretic, CCB, ARB dan Beta Bloker dengan persentase penggunaan paling banyak adalah golongan ARB yaitu candesartan sebanyak 32,29 % dan valsartan 29,17 %. Tingkat kepatuhan pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit X Palembang berada pada tingkat kepatuhan rendah sebesar 18,75 %, tingkat kepatuhan sedang 55,21 % dan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi 26,04 %. Terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan penggunaan obat dengan keberhasilan terapi pada pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit X Palembang. Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, kepatuhan, hasil terapi
THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF A MODERN GARDEN
Authors: Badenikova Margarita
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the main stylistic features peculiar to the gardens of modernism.
THE ADSORPTION TECHNOLOGY REMOVAL OF THE CADMIUM COMPOUNDS FROM SEWAGE
Authors: Baranova Mariya , Chernysheva Evgeniya , Korchevin Nikolay
Published: March 2020

The possibility of using lignin based sorbents for removal of the cadmium compounds from sewage is researched. The sorbents were obtained by polycondensation of chlorlignin, wastewaresepichlorgidrin production and sodium polysulfide. The data about removal of cadmium from model solutions: the pH influence and process kinetic are discussed.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN AND CONTENT OF EDUCATIONAL EDITIONS
Authors: Pudalov Aleksey
Published: March 2020

Lists and provides definitions of textbooks with the current regulations. The quantitative parameters of educational publications are indicated. The main requirements for their content

are given. The structure of educational publications is defined and their main elements are indicated.

The list of necessary information for the development and design of textbooks. Regulates the requirements for information and bibliographic apparatus textbooks.
DISLEXIA E A DIFICULDADE NA APRENDIZAGEM:
Authors: De Fátima Carneiro Cruz Tatiane
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho possui como objetivo, conceituar a dislexia e analisar como é realizada sua identificação e possibilidades de intervenção. A metodologia utilizada consiste na pesquisa bibliográfica, que abrange obras de vários autores sobre o tema aqui abordado. A dislexia foi conceituada como um distúrbio neurológico, que possui origem genética, devendo, portanto, considerar o histórico familiar. Esse distúrbio afeta a atuação do aluno dentro das escolas. Por isso, o indivíduo portador da dislexia deve ser avaliado por diversos profissionais, que realizarão exames neurofisiológicos e potenciais auditivos e visuais. Também devem ser realizados testes psicológicos que irão abranger questões cognitivas e afetivas. Após a realização do diagnóstico, devem ser demonstrados métodos de intervenção, capazes de ajudar o disléxico na realização de suas atividades. No âmbito escolar, os profissionais de ensino precisam utilizar novas abordagens no processo de ensino – aprendizagem, utilizando jogos, leituras compartilhadas, meios para o desenvolvimento da escrita e memória, equipamentos especiais e materiais didáticos que despertem o interesse dos alunos. Assim, o disléxico poderá ter um maior desempenho escolar, bem como maior autoestima para enfrentar os desafios da aprendizagem
Fazer, pensar e decidir:
Authors: Cappellin Paola , Castro Elisa Guaraná
Published: March 2020

Sem resumo.
Agricultura familiar e previdência social:
Authors: Caldas Nádia Velleda , Anjos Flávio Sacco dos , Bezerra Antônio Jorge Amaral
Published: March 2020

O propósito deste estudo é analisar, empiricamente, como a previdência social rural influencia a dinâmica da agricultura familiar no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo como base uma pesquisa realizada entre 2003 e 2004, havendo sido aplicados questionários estruturados em 238 estabelecimentos rurais. Os resultados indicam a enorme importância desta política pública para a reprodução social das famílias rurais, particularmente entre os pequenos proprietários. A hipótese que aponta o papel da previdência no financiamento indireto da agricultura foi igualmente confirmada, especialmente naquelas regiões onde as famílias contam com reduzidas oportunidades de emprego e renda.
Activity of Higher Education art Inctitutions in the Contemporary Socio-cultural Realities
Authors: Bezghin Oleksii
Published: March 2020

The use of culture and art for socio-economic development and the formation of a positive image of Ukraine abroad require highly skilled specialists. The cultural development of society depends to a large extent on the effectiveness of artistic education, which functions as a streamlining of spiritual life and aesthetic education of a person.
The article emphasizes that the characteristic feature of the artistic institutions of higher education in modern conditions is the ability to take into account the demands of society, to carry out an assessment of all internal and external factors that provide favourable conditions for their normal functioning. It is also necessary to take into account the requirements of cultural and artistic institutions to the quality of training specialists and to make carefully thought out management decisions.
It is emphasized that the specificity of the preparation of creative personnel at the level of postgraduate education in artistic higher educational establishments requires further development of the normative base, the establishment of clear requirements for the competences of the applicant of the degree of doctor of arts. In this context, it becomes relevant to study the problems of artistic education as a component of public culture and cultural policy of the state, and allows considering possible ways of development of artistic higher educational institutions, taking into account their peculiarities.
Mythic Plots: the Experience of the Movie Interpretation
Authors: Kokhan Tymofii
Published: March 2020

The article states that the actor’s mastering of the role is structurally divided into several stages, at each of which there is a certain accumulation of knowledge about the character of the play. The main theories of the structure of the creative process are illuminated in the theories of the three-act by P. Engelmayer, the three-stage model of A. Poincaré, and the four-stage model of creative thinking by G. Wallace, E. Getchinson. The imagination and creative activity of a person depend on the diversity of his previous experience, represented by the material from which the constructions of the presentation are created. It is noted that the most important feature of the imagination is its striving for embodiment. The actor designs the future physical embodiment of the character’s stage image. It is concluded that the imagination is constructed from the thoughts and visions of a person, simultaneously or alternately covering his mind. The actor profession is dominated by the emotional connection between the activity of the imagination and the act of reincarnation. The peculiarity of the actor’s imagination is the creative experience of the actor, and not his personal one. Imagination works in the preparatory analytical stage of the role as the accumulation of former emotional traces. In the process of implementing the role, these traces come to life, which leads to the act of reincarnation in the role.
Frequency of Different Odontogenic Cysts in Patients Visiting Oral Maxillofacial Department of Dental Hospitals in Peshawar
Authors: Durrani Sofia Haider , Nisa Waqar -Ul- , Afridi Saira
Published: March 2020

Background and Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of odontogenic cysts in two local dental college hospitals.Methodology:In this study 90 cysts from both jaws, treated at Khyber College of Dentistry and Sardar Begum Dental College from March 2008 to March 2013 were analyzed in order to evaluate the incidence of these cysts.Results:Case history of 52 males and 38 females were analyzed. The age of patients varied from 07 to 70 years, with a mean age of 26.4±13.89. In this 5-year study of odontogenic cysts, 48 were radicular cysts, 22 were odontogenic keratocysts and 20 were dentigerous cysts. Out of these 46 cysts were present in the maxilla and 44 in the mandible. In the maxilla 46.7%were present in the anterior maxilla and 4.4% in the posterior maxilla. In the mandible 35.6% were present in the posterior mandible and 13.3% in the anterior mandible.Conclusion:From the findings of this study we conclude that odontogenic cysts were mostly inflammatory in nature i.e. the radicular cysts and was followed by odontogenic keratocysts. Majority of the cysts were located in the anterior maxilla and posterior mandible regions. The male predilection was higher as compared to females.
Complications of Tonsillectomy and Management
Authors: . Arifullah , Hassan Sayed Zafar , Muhammad Ghulam
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to determine the complications of tonsillectomy and management of these the complications.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study was Randomized controlled trial conducted from 1st January 2008 to 31 December 2009 (of two year duration) at ENT Department Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Total 2156indoorpatientsof all age ad both sex, underwent tonsillectomy were included in the study.RESULTS:In my study all of the 2156 patients underwent tonsillectomy were having pain in which 1176 patients (56%) with mild to moderate pain and 980 patients (44%) with severe pain, 1274 patients (59%) nausea and vomiting, 129 patients (7%) bleeding, 19 patients (<1%) airway obstruction, 273 patients fever and infection, 17 patients (<1%) pneumonia, 126 patients (6%) dehydration, and injury to surrounding structure like teeth injury in 105 patients (5%), temporary uvular or tongue edema in 367 patients (17%), and other rare complications (<1%) like temporomandibularjoint dislocation in 7 patients, Grisel’s syndrome in 5 patients, atlanto-axial joint subluxation in 1 patient and glossopharyngeal nerve damage in 3 patients.CONCLUSION:Though tonsillectomy is a routine and safe surgery can result in morbid complications and can cause death. By adopting pre and per-op basic steps can minimize the complications of tonsillectomy.
Evaluation of Infection Control Measures in a Public Sector Dental Hospital of Peshawar
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed , Afridi Saira , Gillani Syed Imran
Published: March 2020

Objective:To evaluate infection control measure in a public sector dental hospital of Peshawar.Methodology:It was a cross sectional study conducted in Khyber college of Dentistry. Study subjects were Dental health care providers who were willing to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire was designed that included various categories of infection control. Data was entered into SPSS version 17. Descriptive statistics were applied and frequencies and percentages were obtained.Results:The results from the data shows that the overall score for the infection control standards were less than 50%. Among the various categories of infection control only personal hygiene standards showed good score (77.3%). Personal protective equipment score was adequate (61%) while hand hygiene score was inadequate (52%). The rest of the categories showed poor scores.Conclusion:The result of the study shows that majority of categories of infection control measures at Khyber college of Dentistry are inadequate or poor.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dentists Regarding Cross Infection in Dental Teaching Hospitals of Peshawar
Authors: Qazi Nadia , Shah Syed Nasir
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:The objective of the current study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of dentist regarding cross infection in Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD) and Sardar Begum Dental College (SBDC) Peshawar.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals having sample size 214 with 94 males and 121 females. A pilot study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex to assess the reliability of questionnaire. Self administered anonymous questionnaire was administered to 214 dentists. The dentist in each health care facility was observed for their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cross infection.RESULTS:Knowledge of dentist’s was optimum but they were lacking sufficient knowledge in areas of sterilization and cross infection due to waste material present in pipes of dental units. Significant numbers of them 28.8% were not agreed with the role of wearing rings in cross infection during dental procedure. Although lack of hand washing and impression was considered as a source of cross infection and 33.9% reported poor attitude regarding hand washing, 39.9% were not regarding the hygiene of nails in cross infection control. Similarly only 59% of them have shown positive attitude towards the vaccination of dental professionals. Although the knowledge and attitude was seen acceptable but their practices regarding the infection control were lacking in area of use of N95 respirator, taking off jewelry during dental surgeries, use of filtered water, use of anti-retraction valve, use of rubber dam for aerosols, use of separate box for sharp disposal and use of disinfectants in dental units..CONCLUSION:From current study it was concluded that dentists have good knowledge but poor practice regarding various aspect of infection control which provide an indication either lack of availability facilities or poor supervision and monitoring, due to lack of policy and implementation regarding cross infection control in dental units
Correlation of Serum Sodium with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Zeb Shah , Tauseef Muhammad Atif , Ullah Najeeb
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTIONHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is neuropsychiatric syndrome for which symptoms, manifested on a continuum, is deterioration in mental status, with psychomotor dysfunction, impaired memory, increase reaction time, poor concentration, disorientation, and in severe form coma and may develop at an annual rate of 8% in cirrhotic patients in Far Eastern studies. Fluctuation in serum sodium level is a frequent complication of advanced cirrhosis related to impairment in the renal capacity to eliminate solute-free water that causes retention of water that is disproportionate to the retention of sodium, thus causing a reduction in serum sodium concentration and hypo-osmolality. Hyponatremia is a common finding in patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to an abnormal regulation of body fluid homeostasis.OBJECTIVETo determine the correlation of serum sodium with severity of hepatic encephalopathyMATERIAL AND METHODSThis study was conducted at Naseer Teaching Hospital Peshawar. Duration of the study was 01 year and the study design was cross sectional (Correlation) study in which a total of 408 patients were observed by using – 0.1411 of correlation coefficient between serum sodium and hepatic encephalopathy 95% confidence level and 80% power of test. More over non probability consecutive sampling was used for sample collection.RESULTSIn this study mean age was 65 years with SD ± 0.315. Sixty two percent patients were male and 38% patients were female. Mean serum sodium level was 123 meq/L with SD ± 0.21. Five percent patients had severity of grade I, 39% patients had severity of grade II, 48% patients had severity of grade III and 8% patients had severity of grade IV. Correlation of severity of hepatic encephalopathy with serum sodium level was analyzed as all the 20 patients with severity of grade I had serum sodium level ranged 131-133 meq/L. All the 159 patients with severity of grade II had serum sodium level ranged 126-130 meq/L. In 196 patients with severity of grade III, 45 patients had serum sodium level ranged 126-130 meq/L while 151 patients had serum sodium level ranged 120-125 meq/L where as all the 33 patients with severity of grade IV had serum sodium level ranged 120-125 meq/L.CONCLUSIONHyponatremia was a common feature in patients with cirrhosis and its severity increased with the severity of liver disease. The existence of serum sodium concentration < 135 mmol/L was associated with greater frequency of hepatic encephalopathy. It was also noticed that more severe the hyponatremia, greater will be the grade of hepatic encephalopathy. Close monitoring of serum sodium concentration should be performed in patients with cirrhosis in order to prevent the rapid development of cirrhosis related complications.
Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients Having Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Zeb Shah , Naz Shafaq , Ullah Najeeb
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTIONThyroid hormone by binding to the thyroid hormone receptors affects metabolism and growth in nearly all tissues of the body. Thyroid hormones play vital role in the synthesis and metabolism of lipids. The reduced secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) from the thyroid gland results in hypothyroidism. The subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is term used for the condition in which there is small elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the presence of normal thyroid hormone levels. Disorders of thyroid gland are the second most common endocrine abnormalities globally after diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVETo determinethe frequency of dyslipidemia in patients having subclinical hypothyroidism.METHODOLOGYThis study was conducted at Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Duration of the study was one years and the study design was descriptive cross sectional study. The total sample size was 136 patients presenting with subclinical hypothyroidism taking 34.31% proportion of dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroid patients12, 95% confidence interval and 8 % margin of error; using WHO software for sample size calculation. More over consecutive (non-probability sampling) technique was used for sample collection.RESULTSIn this study mean age was 40 years with SD 1.26. Sixty three percent patients were female and 37% patients were male. Seventy percent patients had dyslipidemia while 30% patients didn’t have dyslipidemia.CONCLUSIONThe current study shows that the incidence of dyslipidemia was found to be in patients having subclinical hypothyroidism.
Acrocallosal Syndrome in a 6-Month-Old Pakistani Infant
Authors: Afridi Rifayatullah , Ambreen Aneela , Janjua Faizan Ali
Published: March 2020

Acrocallosal syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The prevalence of the disease is not known but fewer than 55 cases have been published since 1979. ACS is characterized by the total or partial absence of the corpus callosum, Minor craniofacial anomalies (prominent forehead, hypertelorism, short nose with anteverted nostrils and large anterior fontanel) moderate to severe psychomotor retardation (with hypotonia), polydactyly or polysyndactyly. We are reporting a case of 6 month old infant child who was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia, measles, episodes of fits, large anterior fontanelle, prominent forehead, high arched palate, fused tongue, micrognathism , hypotonia, motor developmental delay , polysyndactyly and absent corpus callosum. His clinical diagnosis was confirmed by CT-Brain. The patient was managed for superimposed pneumonia and measles. He was provided with other supportive treatment as well as parental counseling, physiotherapy sessions, and multiple disciplinary approaches was undertaken for further management.
Formative and Summative Assessment in the Light of Students Perceptions
Authors: Chughtai Mohammad Ali , Khalid Mariya , Afridi Saira , Shah Syed Nasir
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESTo collect information about the Perceptions of dental students regarding Formative and Summative Assessment in Sardar Begum Dental College.METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted at Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar. Pre validated Assessment Experience Questionnaire was used to collect information. All the students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th year BDS and House officers who have joined and continued their bachelors education at Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital from the first year were invited to participate in this study through Convenience sampling technique after taking verbal and written consent.RESULTSOverall response rate was 29.3% in 2nd Year, 35.1% in 3rd year, 75.7% in 4th Year and 92.7% among house officers.60-70% students opined that formative assessment experiences stimulated deep learning and were useful in the preparation for summative assessment. Majority of the students were satisfied with the atmosphere, structure and conduct of summative assessment. More than 70% admitted that they learn more when preparing for summative assessment near the examination. Almost 60% prefer to have more number of SEQs by claiming that these let them apply deep learning. Despite of accepting the contents of OSCE/OSPE as of good quality, majority students from all the professional years were dissatisfied from the time allocation as well as slides and images placed in each stationCONCLUSIONStudents like formative assessment mainly because of feedback as it helps them in learning as well as preparing for summative assessment. All parts of summative assessment were more satisfactory for the students.
Refeeding Syndrome in a 5 Years Old Child
Authors: Afridi Rifayatullah , Ambreen Aneela , Janjua Faizan Ali , Khan Muhammad Riaz
Published: March 2020

Refeeding syndrome is a rare but preventable complication of malnutrition management. This is the second case of refeeding syndrome being reported from Pakistan. Although many cases have been reported worldwide. It is a clear indication of lack of knowledge of the entity (Refeeding syndrome) in our doctor’s community. Refeeding syndrome presents with a mix picture of clinical manifestations and thus it is necessary to keep a regular check and balance of electrolyte disturbance especially serum phosphate levels before and after initiating nutrition irrespective of the route nutrition are given through. We are reporting a case of refeeding syndrome in a severely malnourished 5-year-old child which unfortunately died despite taking strict lifesaving actions.
Outcome of Hemorrhoidectomy with the Ligasure in Comparison with the Traditional open Method
Authors: Rahman Fiaz -Ur- , Amin Arshad , Nisar Shahid , Hussaind Musarat
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVETo compare the operative time and outcomes of Ligasure hemorrhoidectomy with that of the traditional open hemorrhoidectomy.METHODOLOGYA total of 49 patients were included in this study. Out of which 24 were in the Ligasure group and 25 in the open group. The main objective or the primary variable was to assess the operative time for the excision of a single hemorrhoidal lesion, the need for morphine, for post operative pain relief and any other complications such as preoperative bleeding and the time to return to work. The data like age, sex, type of Haemorrhoidectomy, type of complicating etc. were recorded in already prepared proforma. The data was analysed through computer program SPSS10.RESULTSThe demographic data were comparable between the two groups. The time spent in excision of a solitary hemorrhoidal lesion was significantly shorter in the Ligasure group compared to the open group (8.25 min Vs 16.75 min ) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Operative bleeding was also significantly lower than the open method of Haemorrhoidectony. Other parameters like post operative pain, opioid requirement, urinary retention and chronic complications like anal stenosis and gas incontinence were not significant. There was no difference in the period of convalescence and return to work between the two groups.CONCLUSIONHemorrhoidectomy with the Ligasure entails a shorter surgical time and could be associated with a lesser pain besides being safer.
Different Types of Complications in Patients Suffering from B-Thalassemia (Thalassemia Major)
Authors: Gul Riaz , Wazir Jasim Dil , Rehman Shandana
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTIONThalassemia is a heterogeneous group of gene disorders caused byan inherited mutation or deletion of genes at chromosome 16 & 11 resulting in decreased synthesis of adult hemoglobin. Its incidence is higher in people/children having a positive family history of Thalassemia Among its various types Beta Thalassemia major is the one which requires regular blood transfusions.OBJECTIVESThe main objective of the study was to determine the frequency of different types of complications in patients suffering from B-Thalassemia.METHODOLOGYThe study was conducted in two private originations in Peshawar i.e. Fatimid Foundation and Hamza Foundation.150 patients) were studied, the study was Cross-Sectional, descriptive type and sampling type was Non-Probability, convenience type sampling. All necessary data were obtained by using semi structured questionnaire, having both closed and open ended questions. Pilot Study was conducted on 15 patients (10%of target questionnaires). After completing the pilot study necessary changes were made in questionnaire and a well-informed, well-designed and organized questionnaire was finalized. An informed consent was taken from respondents and the responses were obtained each from the parents & from children themselves (in case of older children). Data was collected and results were presented in the form of tables and charts. Manual analysis of the data was carried out.RESULTSAccording to the study, among 150 patients, Splenectomy was done in about 86% patients. Consanguinity among the parents of these patients was about 76%, while awareness only 72% of patients. About 64% patients were having psychological problem. Among neurological problems 57% of patients had headache. Among complications, majority of patients had palpitations about 54% joint pains about 32% & history of bones fractures about 21%. Socioeconomic condition of majority of them was poor about 52%. All of them were taking primary treatment i.e. Blood transfusion &Chelating Therapy to prevent iron overload.CONCLUSSIONSThalassemia major is a life threatening disease causing morbidity and mortality among those who are not treated properly. The incidence of the disease is high among those with a family history of Thalassemia.
Incidence of Crime Under the Influence of Alcohol Intoxication in Lahore
Authors: Shafi Shagufta , Yousaf Muhammad , Ansari Rizwan Zafar , Haq Anwar UI , Khalil Zahid Hussain , Gul Riaz
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the crimes committed under the influence of alcohol in district Lahore.

METHODOLOGY:

A six months study of alcohol intoxication through cases brought for examination at office of surgeon medicolegal Lahore from January 01, 2016 to June 30, 2016 is conducted. Available data is analysed on SPSS 13 which includes variables of age, gender, socio-economic conditions, religious background, and time of the day when the case brought for examination.

RESULTS:

Maximum number of cases is of 3rd decade of life i.e. 21-30 year of age. Consumption of alcohol is found highest in younger age group (21-30 years) i.e. 57.6%, while minimum consumption is observed i.e. 4% and 4.1% respectively in the age group of 51-60 years and 61-70 years. The cases which were males, Muslims and brought at day time, formed a larger group which outnumbered the females, non- Muslims and night cases.

CONCLUSION:

The study indicated that rate of crime incidence under alcohol consumption was significantly high in Muslim males. The facts highlighted by the study are significant and may be helpful to policy makers and law enforcing authorities in the city of Lahore for the years to come.
Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among the Children of Special Education Complex, Peshawar
Authors: Saleem Bismah , Ullah Naeem , Hussain Hamid , Ayub Ayaz , Khan Muhammad Hamayun
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among children of special education complex.

METHODOLOGY:A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine refractive error among the children of special education complex Hayatabad, Peshawar. A total of 272 children were examined from age 5-19 years. Refractive errors were determined by doing retinoscopy, subjective and objective refraction, ophthalmoscope and, hand held auto refractors. Snellen’s charts, lea symbol chart and kay pictures were used for assessing the visual acuity in children who could cooperate.

RESULTS:Among 272 children, 225 children were males (82.7%). 34(12.5%) were mentally retard, 182(66.9%) were hearing impaired and 56(20.6%) were physically handicapped. Children suffering from refractive errors were 47(17.3%). 11(4.0%) reported that they were using glasses. Squint was present in 5(1.8%). On examination status of right eye 5(1.8%) were with visual acuity 6/60 or less. For children who were unable to comprehend with Snellen visual acuity chart, they were be assessed by using other charts like Lea symbol chart or Kay pictures. 19(7.0%) were assessed by Lea symbol chart, 9(3.3%) by Kay pictures and maximum number of children easily understand Snellen visual acuity chart that was 244(89.7%).

CONCLUSION:This study concluded that refractive errors were common in special children.
Peningkatan Minat Belajar Siswa dengan Metode TGT (Teams Games Tournament) pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas V B MI Nurul Huda Sidoarjo
Authors: Muhtar Muktafi
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena kenyataan dilapangan para guru rata-rata mengeluhkan rendahnya kesadaran siswa untuk mengerjakan tugas-tugas mandiri dan pada saat pembelajaran di dalam kelas sebagian besar siswa pasif dan hal ini berpengaruh pada rendahnya minat belajar khususnya kelas V B, dari hasil penelitian dalam pembelajaran guru hanya menggunakan metode ceramah yang dianggap kurang efektif dalam pembelajaran karena keaktifan siswa sangat terbatasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan penerapan metode TGT (Teams Games Tournament) terhadap materi bangun ruang kelas V B mata pelajaran Matematika. Dan untuk mengetahui tingkat minat belajar siswa padamateri bangun ruang Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islamsetelah menggunakan metode TGT (Teams Games Tournament). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode TGT (Teams games Tournament), dan penelitian ini menggunakan model Penelitian Tindakan Kelas oleh Kemmis dan Mc Taggart. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus dengan subyek penelitian kelas V B MI Nurul Huda Sidoarjo.Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan Observasi dan Angket, dengan instrument yang mendukung berupa lembar observasi guru dan siswa serta angket. Penerapanmetode TGT (Teams games Tournament) berjalan dengan baik melalui perbaikan-perbaikan pada tiap siklus. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar. Dimana aktifitas guru mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I dari kategori baik menjadi sangat baik pada siklus II. Begitu juga dengan aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan selama proses pembelajaran. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil observasi aktivitas siswa pada siklus I berkategori baik dan meningkat pada siklus II yaitu berkategori sangat baik.Dan peningkatan minat siswa yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil angket minat belajar siswa pada siklus I yang berkategori cukup dan meningkat pada siklus II yang berkategori sangat baik.Terjadi peningkatan minat siswa kelas V B mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di MI Nurul HudaSidoarjo setelah menggunakan metode TGT (Teams games Tournament) dengan baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan keaktifan siswa dalam mengikuti proses belajar mengajar, serta dibuktikan dari hasil penelusuran hasil angket minat belajar siswa yang berkategori sangat baik.
URBANIZUOTŲ TERITORIJŲ KARTOGRAFAVIMO YPAČ STAMBIU MASTELIU ORTOFOTOGRAMETRINĖS TECHNOLOGIJOS YPATUMAI
Authors: Sužiedelytė-Visockienė Jūratė , Žalnierukas Albinas
Published: March 2020

Aprašomos urbanizuotų teritorijų ypač stambaus mastelio (1:1000–1:2000) spalvotų ortofotografinių žemėlapių sukūrimo,
taikant naujausias technologijas, galimybės. Pateikiami technologijos ypatumai ir tikslumo duomenys, rekomenduojami aerofotonuotraukos sudarymo
parametrai. Aptariami aerofotonuotraukų skenavimo darbai, pateikiamas tinkamiausias vaizdo elemento (pikselio) dydis, skenavimo geometrinis tikslumas,
nurodomi aerotrianguliacijos variantai, skaitmeninio reljefo modelio sudarymo žingsnio dydis bei tikslumas, analizuojami ortofotografinio
žemėlapio generavimo ypatumai.
PSEUDOATSTUMŲ IR NEŠLIO FAZIŲ SALYGINIŲ LYGČIŲ SU PAPILDOMAIS PARAMETRAIS TAIKYMAS GPS MATAVIMŲ REZULTATAMS APDOROTI
Authors: Skeivalas Jonas
Published: March 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojami metodai pseudoatstumų ir nešlio fazių matavimų rezultatams apdoroti,
naudojant dviejų ir trijų nešlio dažnių GPS imtuvus. Čia taikomos pseudoatstumų ir nešlio fazių sąlyginės lygtys
su papildomais parametrais, sudaromos kiekvienoje epochoje pagal kiekvieno „matomo“ palydovo signalų matavimo rezultatus.
Siūlomu metodu galima patikimai eliminuoti atsitiktines ir sistemingąsias matavimų klaidas, kurių pagrindinė
priežastis – troposferos ir jonosferos įtaka.
Large-scale Molecular Gas Distribution in the M17 Cloud Complex: Dense Gas Conditions of Massive Star Formation?
Authors: Nguyen-Luong Quang , Nakamura Fumitaka , Sugitani Koji , Shimoikura Tomomi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Kinoshita Shinichi W. , Kim Kee-Tae , Kang Hynwoo , Sanhueza Patricio , Evans II Neal J. , White Glenn J.
Published: March 2020

The non-uniform distribution of gas and protostars in molecular clouds is caused by combinations of various physical processes that are difficult to separate. We explore this non-uniform distribution in the M17 molecular cloud complex that hosts massive star formation activity using the 12CO (J = 1–0) and 13CO (J = 1–0) emission lines obtained with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. Differences in clump properties such as mass, size, and gravitational boundedness reflect the different evolutionary stages of the M17-H ii and M17-IRDC clouds. Clumps in the M17-H ii cloud are denser, more compact, and more gravitationally bound than those in M17-IRDC. While M17-H ii hosts a large fraction of very dense gas (27%) that has a column density larger than the threshold of ∼1 g cm−2 theoretically predicted for massive star formation, this very dense gas is deficient in M17-IRDC (0.46%). Our HCO+ (J = 1–0) and HCN (J = 1–0) observations with the Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory 14 m telescope trace all gas with a column density higher than 3 × 1022 cm−2, confirming the deficiency of high-density (≳105 cm−3) gas in M17-IRDC. Although M17-IRDC is massive enough to potentially form massive stars, its deficiency of very dense gas and gravitationally bound clumps can explain the current lack of massive star formation.
The Onset of 3D Magnetic Reconnection and Heating in the Solar Corona
Authors: Leake James E. , Daldorff Lars K. S. , Klimchuk James A.
Published: March 2020

Magnetic reconnection, a fundamentally important process in astrophysics, is believed to be initiated by the tearing instability of an electric current sheet, a region where magnetic field abruptly changes direction. Recent studies have suggested that the amount of magnetic shear in these structures is a critical parameter for the switch-on nature of magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere, at large spatial scales. We present results of visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetic reconnection in 3D current sheets with conditions appropriate to the solar corona. We follow the evolution of the linear and nonlinear 3D tearing instability. We find that, depending on the parameter space, magnetic shear can play a vital role in the onset of significant energy release and plasma heating. Two regimes in our study exist, dependent on whether the current sheet is longer or shorter than the wavelength of the fastest growing mode, thus determining whether subharmonics are present in the actual system. In one parameter regime, where the fastest growing parallel mode has subharmonics, the subsequent coalescence of 3D plasmoids dominates the nonlinear evolution, with magnetic shear playing only a weak role in the amount of energy released. In the second parameter regime, where the fastest growing parallel mode has no subharmonics, only strongly sheared current sheets, where 3D effects are strong enough, show any significant energy release. We expect both regimes to exist on the Sun, and so our results have important consequences for the question of reconnection onset in various solar physics applications.
Constraining the Infalling Envelope Models of Embedded Protostars: BHR 71 and Its Hot Corino
Authors: Yang Yao-Lun , Evans Neal J. , Smith Aaron , Lee Jeong-Eun , Tobin John J. , Terebey Susan , Calcutt Hannah , Jørgensen Jes K. , Green Joel D. , Bourke Tyler L.
Published: March 2020

The collapse of a protostellar envelope results in the growth of a protostar and the development of a protoplanetary disk, playing a critical role during the early stages of star formation. Characterizing the gas infall in the envelope constrains the dynamical models of star formation. We present unambiguous signatures of infall, probed by optically thick molecular lines, toward an isolated embedded protostar, BHR 71 IRS1. The three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations indicate that a slowly rotating infalling envelope model following the “inside-out” collapse reproduces the observations of both

HCO

+

J
=
4
→
3

and CS

J
=
7
→
6

lines, as well as the low-velocity emission of the HCN

J
=
4
→
3

line. The envelope has a model-derived age of 12,000 ± 3000 yr after the initial collapse. The envelope model underestimates the high-velocity emission at the HCN

J
=
4
→
3

and H13CN

J
=
4
→
3

lines, where outflows or a Keplerian disk may contribute. The ALMA observations serendipitously discover the emission of complex organic molecules (COMs) concentrated within a radius of 100 au, indicating that BHR 71 IRS1 harbors a hot corino. Eight species of COMs are identified, including CH3OH and CH3OCHO, along with H2CS, SO2 and HCN v
2 = 1. The emission of methyl formate and 13C-methanol shows a clear velocity gradient within a radius of 50 au, hinting at an unresolved Keplerian rotating disk.