bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silver craft and Buddhist temple in the shaping of neighbourhood communities in Wua‐Lai, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Pumketkao‐Lecourt Pijika , Teeraparbwong Komson , Tansukanun Pranom
Published: October 2022

This paper explores neighbourhood‐based projects such as “local project” (Magnaghi, 2005), the strategic scenarios that set out a process of mobilisation and promotion of local resources, planned and run by local people. It focuses on two residential communities in Wua‐Lai neighbourhood, namely Chumchon Wat Muen‐Sarn and Chumchon Wat Sri‐Suphan. The analysis deals with three local projects: Wua‐Lai Walking Street and Saturday Market, Lanna Arts Study Centre and community museums. It seeks to understand how the residents use silver handicraft, Buddhist temple and local marketplaces for shaping their projects and for connecting the neighbourhood to the city. This study allows us to identify the key elements in place on which the local projects are premised and how these elements reproduce sense of belonging and sociability that create the potential for collective action. It intends to highlight on the neighbourhood capacities, and its limits, to carry out local initiatives and to challenge more economic forces.
Optimal value for the exponential term of Wilmink's function according to current Holstein lactation curves in Japan
Authors: Chiba Shiori , Osawa Takefumi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Hagiya Koichi
Published: October 2022

We compared values of Wilmink's exponential term to describe the lactation curves of Holstein cows in Japan. Data were a total of 100,971,798 test‐day records from the first through fifth parities during 1991 through 2018. The lactation curve model used fourth‐order Legendre polynomials and Wilmink's exponential term. In total, 810 analyses were executed to compare six values (−0.02, −0.03, …, −0.07) for the exponential term to select the one that yielded the smallest root mean square error. For all parities, daily milk yield and lactation persistency increased consistently and peak lactation days occurred later from year to year. For the years evaluated, the optimal exponential term was −0.05 for first and second parities, −0.04 for third parity, and −0.03 for fourth and fifth parities. The change in the exponential parameter with increasing year was related to delays in peak lactation.
Prospective voice assessment after uncomplicated thyroidectomy: A comprehensive analysis of a single centre experience
Authors: Nam Inn‐Chul , Bae Ja‐Seong , Lee So‐Hee , Kim Jeong‐Soo , Hwang Yeon‐Shin , Shim Mi‐Ran , Kim Geun‐Jeon , Park Jun‐Ook , Park Young‐Hak , Sun Dong‐Il
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Voice change after uncomplicated thyroidectomy has been an important issue in the field of thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to promote understanding of voice change after uncomplicated thyroidectomy by analysing the results for a large number of patients from a single institute.

Design

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 2879 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy and voice evaluation between January 2014 and December 2019 in a single institute. All the patients had their vocal status assessed using videostroboscopy, acoustic voice analyses, aerodynamic study, and Thyroidectomy‐related Voice and Symptom Questionnaire (TVSQ) scores preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. We analysed the pattern of voice changes over time and differences in voice parameters based on clinical factors. To confirm the usefulness of the TVSQ, the correlation between TVSQ scores and objective parameters was analysed. Lastly, predictive factors for persistent voice symptoms were analysed.

Setting

Tertiary referral hospital.

Results

The frequency ranges and TVSQ scores exhibited significant deterioration until 6 months following surgery. Among clinical factors, the extents of thyroidectomy and neck dissection were associated with worse voice parameters. The TVSQ score was significantly correlated with objective voice parameters. The extents of thyroidectomy and neck dissection were predictive of persistent voice symptoms at 6 months after thyroidectomy.

Conclusion

After uncomplicated thyroidectomy, most voice parameters tended to recover, but some parameters remained aggravated even at 6 months after surgery. With more extensive surgery, worse voice quality and the higher risk of persistent voice symptoms may be anticipated.
Overprescription of short‐acting β2‐agonists among patients with asthma in Saudi Arabia: Results from the SABINA III cohort study
Authors: Al‐Jahdali Hamdan , Wali Siraj , Albanna Amr S. , Al Harbi Abeer , Allehebi Riyad , Arwadi Abdulmajed , Dahan Tarek , Fattouh Mohamed , Hamza Ezzat , Beekman Maarten
Published: October 2022

Despite near‐universal health care and timely updates to treatment guidelines in Saudi Arabia, asthma control remains suboptimal, warranting deeper exploration of its management practices. This study describes asthma characteristics and prescription patterns of short‐acting β2‐agonists (SABAs) in the Saudi Arabia cohort of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study. Patients with asthma (aged ≥12 years) from seven sites across Saudi Arabia participated in this cross‐sectional study. Asthma severity was classified by study investigators, guided by the 2017 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommendations. Of 511 patients enrolled, 502 patients, treated by respiratory medicine specialists, were analyzed (mean [standard deviation] age, 47.5 [14.8] years; female, 68.5%). Most patients had moderate‐to‐severe asthma (89.6%, GINA treatment steps 3–5), were overweight/obese (78.9%), and received full health care reimbursement (83.4%). Asthma was partially controlled/uncontrolled among 64.3% of patients; 62.3% experienced ≥1 severe asthma exacerbation(s), and 60.6% and 41.2% were prescribed ≥3 (overprescription) and ≥10 SABA canisters, respectively, in the 12 months preceding study initiation. Additionally, 21.9% of patients purchased SABA over the counter (OTC), of whom 66.4% purchased ≥3 SABA canisters. Ninety‐seven (88.2%) patients who purchased SABA OTC also received SABA prescriptions, and 80.4% and 56.7% of these were prescribed ≥3 and ≥10 SABA canisters, respectively. Overall, compared with SABINA III, a higher percentage of patients from Saudi Arabia were overprescribed SABA (60.6% vs. 38.0%, respectively) and purchased SABA OTC (21.9% vs. 18.0%, respectively), underscoring the need to align asthma treatment practices with current evidence‐based recommendations and regulate SABA OTC sales in Saudi Arabia.
Young children interpret number gestures differently than nonsymbolic sets
Authors: Gibson Dominic J. , Berkowitz Talia , Butts Jacob , Goldin‐Meadow Susan , Levine Susan C.
Published: October 2022

Researchers have long been interested in the origins of humans’ understanding of symbolic number, focusing primarily on how children learn the meanings of number words (e.g., “one”, “two”, etc.). However, recent evidence indicates that children learn the meanings of number gestures before learning number words. In the present set of experiments, we ask whether children's early knowledge of number gestures resembles their knowledge of nonsymbolic number. In four experiments, we show that preschool children (n = 139 in total; age M = 4.14 years, SD = 0.71, range = 2.75–6.20) do not view number gestures in the same the way that they view nonsymbolic representations of quantity (i.e., arrays of shapes), which opens the door for the possibility that young children view number gestures as symbolic, as adults and older children do. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/WtVziFN1yuI

Highlights

Children were more accurate when enumerating briefly‐presented number gestures than arrays of shapes, with a shallower decline in accuracy as quantities increased.

We replicated this finding with arrays of shapes that were organized into neat, dice‐like configurations (compared to the random configurations used in Experiment 1).

The advantage in enumerating briefly‐presented number gestures was evident before children had learned the cardinal principle.

When gestures were digitally altered to pit handshape configuration against number of fingers extended, children overwhelmingly based their responses on handshape configuration.
insectDisease: programmatic access to the Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens
Authors: Dallas Tad A. , J. Carlson Colin , Stephens Patrick R. , Ryan Sadie J. , Onstad David W.
Published: October 2022

Curated databases of species interactions are instrumental to exploring and understanding the spatial distribution of species and their biotic interactions. In the process of conducting such projects, data development and curation efforts may give rise to a data product with utility beyond the scope of the original work, but which becomes inaccessible over time. Data describing insect host–pathogen interactions are fairly rare, and should thus be preserved and curated with appropriate metadata. Here, we introduce the insectDisease R package, a mechanism for curating, updating and distributing data from the Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens, a database of insect host–pathogen associations, including attempted inoculations and infection outcomes for insect hosts and pathogens (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoans and viruses). This dataset has been utilized for several projects since its inception, but without a well‐defined, curated and permanent repository, its existence and access have been limited to word‐of‐mouth connections. The current effort presented here aims to provide a means to preserve, augment and disseminate the database in a documented and versioned format. This project is an example of the type of effort that will be necessary to maintain valuable databases after the original funding disappears.
spectre: an R package to estimate spatially‐explicit community composition using sparse data
Authors: Simpkins C. E. , Hanß S. , Spangenberg M. C. , Salecker J. , Hesselbarth M. H. K. , Wiegand K.
Published: October 2022

An understanding of how biodiversity is distributed across space is key to much of ecology and conservation. Many predictive modelling approaches have been developed to estimate the distribution of biodiversity over various spatial scales. Community modelling techniques may offer many benefits over single species modelling. However, techniques capable of estimating precise species makeups of communities are highly data intensive and thus often limited in their applicability. Here we present an R package, spectre, which can predict regional community composition at a fine spatial resolution using only sparsely sampled biological data. The package can predict the presences and absences of all species in an area, both known and unknown, at the sample site scale. Underlying the spectre package is a min‐conflicts optimisation algorithm that predicts species' presences and absences throughout an area using estimates of α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity. We demonstrate the utility of the spectre package using a spatially‐explicit simulated ecosystem to assess the accuracy of the package's results. spectre offers a simple to use tool with which to accurately predict community compositions across varying scales, facilitating further research and knowledge acquisition into this fundamental aspect of ecology.
Motion opponency at the middle temporal cortex: Preserved motion information and the effect of perceptual learning
Authors: Yu Alexander , Zhang Ruizhe , Silva Andrew E. , Xing Yang , Thompson Benjamin , Liu Zili
Published: October 2022

Motion opponency, first observed within the primate middle temporal cortex (MT), refers to the suppressing effect of opposite motion directions on neuronal activity. Namely, when opposing motion directional signals stimulate an MT neuron's receptive field, this neuron's response is comparable with that induced by flicker noise. Under such suppression, it is unknown whether any directional information is still represented at MT. In this study, we applied support vector machine (SVM) learning to human functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate if any motion defined orientation information was still available from suppressed MT. We found that, at least at the level of ±45° discrimination, such orientation information was still available. Interestingly, after behavioural perceptual learning that improved human discrimination of fine orientation discrimination (e.g. 42° vs. 48°) using the MT‐suppressive motion stimuli, the SVM discrimination of ±45° worsened when functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals at post‐learning MT were used. This result is consistent with findings in Thompson et al. (2013) that, post‐perceptual learning, MT suppression was not released, suggesting that motion opponency was perhaps functionally too important for perceptual learning to overcome.
Climate disequilibrium dominates uncertainty in long‐term projections of primary productivity
Authors: Felton Andrew J. , Shriver Robert K. , Stemkovski Michael , Bradford John B. , Suding Katharine N. , Adler Peter B.
Published: October 2022

Rapid climate change may exceed ecosystems' capacities to respond through processes including phenotypic plasticity, compositional turnover and evolutionary adaption. However, consequences of the resulting climate disequilibria for ecosystem functioning are rarely considered in projections of climate change impacts. Combining statistical models fit to historical climate data and remotely‐sensed estimates of herbaceous net primary productivity with an ensemble of climate models, we demonstrate that assumptions concerning the magnitude of climate disequilibrium are a dominant source of uncertainty: models assuming maximum disequilibrium project widespread decreases in productivity in the western US by 2100, while models assuming minimal disequilibrium project productivity increases. Uncertainty related to climate disequilibrium is larger than uncertainties from variation among climate models or emissions pathways. A better understanding of processes that regulate climate disequilibria is essential for improving long‐term projections of ecological responses and informing management to maintain ecosystem functioning at historical baselines.
De‐branching, too‐much‐branching, and cost of debt of SMEs in Slovakia
Authors: Rafaj Oliver , Siranova Maria
Published: October 2022

We investigate nonlinear effects of bank branch saturation on SMEs' cost of debt at regional level in Slovakia over the period 2013–2019. We adopt the two‐step approach by first constructing model of bank branch localization, and then analyzing effects of positive and negative deviations from the equilibrium level. We observe negative effect of debranching, but report no effect of positive increase in deviations from equilibrium level on SMEs' cost of debt. The most affected firms are middle‐sized, domestically owned, operating in low‐tech industries, and with better creditworthiness. Bank market characteristics also tend to matter for pricing of firm's debt.
Initial soil organic carbon stocks govern changes in soil carbon: Reality or artifact?
Authors: Slessarev Eric W. , Mayer Allegra , Kelly Courtland , Georgiou Katerina , Pett‐Ridge Jennifer , Nuccio Erin E.
Published: October 2022

Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage have the potential to affect global climate; hence identifying environments with a high capacity to gain or lose SOC is of broad interest. Many cross‐site studies have found that SOC‐poor soils tend to gain or retain carbon more readily than SOC‐rich soils. While this pattern may partly reflect reality, here we argue that it can also be created by a pair of statistical artifacts. First, soils that appear SOC‐poor purely due to random variation will tend to yield more moderate SOC estimates upon resampling and hence will appear to accrue or retain more SOC than SOC‐rich soils. This phenomenon is an example of regression to the mean. Second, normalized metrics of SOC change—such as relative rates and response ratios—will by definition show larger changes in SOC at lower initial SOC levels, even when the absolute change in SOC does not depend on initial SOC. These two artifacts create an exaggerated impression that initial SOC stocks are a major control on SOC dynamics. To address this problem, we recommend applying statistical corrections to eliminate the effect of regression to the mean, and avoiding normalized metrics when testing relationships between SOC change and initial SOC. Careful consideration of these issues in future cross‐site studies will support clearer scientific inference that can better inform environmental management.
Adult male birds advance spring migratory phenology faster than females and juveniles across North America
Authors: Neate‐Clegg Montague H. C. , Tingley Morgan W.
Published: October 2022

Advances in spring migratory phenology comprise some of the most well‐documented evidence for the impacts of climate change on birds. Nevertheless, surprisingly little research has investigated whether birds are shifting their migratory phenology equally across sex and age classes—a question critical to understanding the potential for trophic mismatch. We used 60 years of bird banding data across North America—comprising over 4 million captures in total—to investigate both spring and fall migratory phenology for a total of 98 bird species across sex and age classes, with the exact numbers of species for each analysis depending on season‐specific data availability. Consistent with protandry, in spring (n = 89 species), adult males were the first to arrive and immature females were the last to arrive. In fall (n = 98), there was little difference between sexes, but adults tended to depart earlier than juveniles. Over 60 years, adult males advanced their phenology the fastest (−0.84 days per decade, 95 CrI = −1.22 to −0.47, n = 36), while adult and immature females advanced at a slower pace, causing the gap in male and female arrival times to widen over time. In the fall, there was no overall trend in phenology by age or sex (n = 57), driven in part by high interspecific variation related to breeding and molt strategies. Our results indicate consistent and predictable age‐ and sex‐based differences in the rates at which species' springtime phenology is shifting. The growing gap between male and female migratory arrival indicates sex‐based plasticity in adaptation to climate change that has strong potential to negatively impact current and future population trends.
Potential for redistribution of post‐moult habitat for Eudyptes penguins in the Southern Ocean under future climate conditions
Authors: Green Cara‐Paige , Green David B. , Ratcliffe Norman , Thompson David , Lea Mary‐Anne , Baylis Alastair M. M. , Bond Alexander L. , Bost Charles‐André , Crofts Sarah , Cuthbert Richard J. , González‐Solís Jacob , Morrison Kyle W. , Poisbleau Maud , Pütz Klemens , Rey Andrea Raya , Ryan Peter G. , Sagar Paul M. , Steinfurth Antje , Thiebot Jean‐Baptiste , Tierney Megan , Whitehead Thomas Otto , Wotherspoon Simon , Hindell Mark A.
Published: October 2022

Anthropogenic climate change is resulting in spatial redistributions of many species. We assessed the potential effects of climate change on an abundant and widely distributed group of diving birds, Eudyptes penguins, which are the main avian consumers in the Southern Ocean in terms of biomass consumption. Despite their abundance, several of these species have undergone population declines over the past century, potentially due to changing oceanography and prey availability over the important winter months. We used light‐based geolocation tracking data for 485 individuals deployed between 2006 and 2020 across 10 of the major breeding locations for five taxa of Eudyptes penguins. We used boosted regression tree modelling to quantify post‐moult habitat preference for southern rockhopper (E. chrysocome), eastern rockhopper (E. filholi), northern rockhopper (E. moseleyi) and macaroni/royal (E. chrysolophus and E. schlegeli) penguins. We then modelled their redistribution under two climate change scenarios, representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (for the end of the century, 2071–2100). As climate forcings differ regionally, we quantified redistribution in the Atlantic, Central Indian, East Indian, West Pacific and East Pacific regions. We found sea surface temperature and sea surface height to be the most important predictors of current habitat for these penguins; physical features that are changing rapidly in the Southern Ocean. Our results indicated that the less severe RCP4.5 would lead to less habitat loss than the more severe RCP8.5. The five taxa of penguin may experience a general poleward redistribution of their preferred habitat, but with contrasting effects in the (i) change in total area of preferred habitat under climate change (ii) according to geographic region and (iii) the species (macaroni/royal vs. rockhopper populations). Our results provide further understanding on the regional impacts and vulnerability of species to climate change.
Impacts of monoculture cropland to alley cropping agroforestry conversion on soil N2O emissions
Authors: Shao Guodong , Martinson Guntars O. , Corre Marife D. , Luo Jie , Niu Dan , Bischel Xenia , Veldkamp Edzo
Published: October 2022

Monoculture croplands are a major source of global anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to ozone depletion. Agroforestry has the potential to reduce N2O emissions. Presently, there is no systematic comparison of soil N2O emissions between cropland agroforestry and monoculture systems in Central Europe. We investigated the effects of converting the monoculture cropland system into the alley cropping agroforestry system on soil N2O fluxes at three sites (each site has paired agroforestry and monoculture) in Germany, where agroforestry combined crop rows and poplar short‐rotation coppice (SRC). We measured soil N2O fluxes monthly over 2 years (March 2018–January 2020) using static vented chambers. Annual soil N2O emissions from agroforestry ranged from 0.21 to 2.73 kg N ha−1 year−1, whereas monoculture N2O emissions ranged from 0.34 to 3.00 kg N ha−1 year−1. During the rotation of corn crop, with high fertilization rates, agroforestry reduced soil N2O emissions by 9% to 56% compared to monocultures. This was mainly caused by low soil N2O emissions from the unfertilized agroforestry tree rows. Soil N2O fluxes were predominantly controlled by soil mineral N in both agroforestry and monoculture systems. Our findings suggest that optimized fertilizer input will further enhance the potential of agroforestry for mitigating N2O emissions.
Cost of non‐communicable diseases in people living with HIV in the Central Denmark Region
Authors: Ehlers Lars Holger , Axelsen Flemming , Bøjer Rasmussen Thomas , Dollerup Jens , Jespersen Nils Abild , Larsen Carsten Schade , Nørgaard Mette
Published: October 2022

Objective

To estimate the economic burden of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Denmark.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study using population‐based Danish medical registries including all adult residents of the Central Denmark Region registered with a first‐time HIV‐diagnosis during the period 2006–2017. For each PLWH, we matched 10 persons without HIV from the background population by birth year, sex and municipality of residence. Information on healthcare utilization and costs for the PLWH and non‐HIV cohorts was retrieved from register data. For each cohort, we estimated the annual costs for major disease categories (HIV care, other somatic care, and psychiatric care) in the period from 3 years before to 9 years after diagnosis/matching date.

Results

We identified 407 PLWH and 4070 persons from the background population. The total healthcare costs during the study period were approximately three times higher for PLWH compared to the non‐HIV cohort (€76 198 vs. €23 692). Average annual cost of hospital care, primary care and selected prescription medicine was estimated to be €6987 per year in the years after the diagnosis compared to €2083 per year in the non‐HIV cohort. In PLWH, the cost of NCDs and psychiatric care was approximately two times higher than the cost of HIV care.

Conclusion

PLWH have higher healthcare costs stemming from three areas: excess cost due to the HIV infection, the treatment of NCDs, and psychiatric care.
Bacterial resistance to antiseptics used in dentistry: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ardila Carlos M. , Bedoya‐García Jader Alexander
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence and proportions of bacteria resistant to antiseptics used in dentistry.

Methods

A review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews involving different databases. MeSH terms and keywords were provided to examine only RCTs with antiseptic‐resistant results.

Results

Five RCTs were included. These investigations analysed 442 patients. Concerning the prevalence and proportion of species resistant to antiseptics, it was found that the chlorhexidine group showed a statistically significant increase in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus counts indicating bacterial resistance (p < 0.001). Moreover, Veillonella species showed resistance to triclosan at the commencement and during the RCTs, and a slight increase in the proportion of resistant strains was observed. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not show resistance to cetylpyridinium chloride. Similarly, it was no observed resistance to medicinal herbal plant formulations.

Conclusions

Resistance of S. mutans and L. acidophilus to chlorhexidine was observed, this resistance increased during the follow‐up period. Similarly, although in a slight proportion, an increase in the resistance of Veillonella spp. to triclosan during the study period was also described. No microorganisms resistance was observed to any of the other antiseptics studied.
Characteristic stable structure of the myosin rod in dark muscle of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola aureovittata)
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Zheming , Huang Yizhen , Konno Kunihiko , Tong Tianjian , Yu Chenxu , Zhu Beiwei , Dong Xiuping
Published: October 2022

The dark muscle of yellowtail kingfish is regularly consumed as fresh sashimi alongside with the ordinary muscle. Thus, in this study, three types of ATPase activities, chymotryptic digestion patterns as well as thermal unfolding of various myosin domains were determined to reveal the denaturation characterisation of myosin in dark muscle and compare it with normal muscle. The thermal inactivation rate of dark muscle myosin Ca2+‐ATPase at 30°C (7.3 × 10−4, sec−1) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of ordinary muscle (5.9 × 10−4, sec−1), while dark muscle myosin became more stable than ordinary muscle one once bound with F‐actin. On the other hand, the rod region especially light meromyosin region of the dark muscle myosin was much more stable than ordinary myosin. These results characterised that myosin in the dark muscle of yellowtail kingfish is constituted with less stable head and more stable rod regions than those in the ordinary muscle.
A review: role of mass spectrometry in the quality and authenticity identification of olive oil
Authors: Lu Cong‐Hui , Huang Xin‐Yi , Shao Jin , Pei Dong
Published: October 2022

Quality and authenticity identification of olive oil is a vital issue for the olive oil industry on account of its great economic value, unique sensory characteristics, and rich nutritional value. Therefore, it is of great significance to effectively detect olive oil's quality and authenticity. Mass spectrometry, based on the advantages of specificity, sensitivity, and fast analysis speed, has played an increasingly important role in the identification of olive oil quality and authenticity in recent years. Chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry (LC–MS, GC–MS) and direct mass spectrometry (DIMS, DART, MALDI, and PTR‐MS) techniques provide rich detection information in the identification of main compounds (fatty acids, triacylglycerols, etc.) and minor compounds (phenols, sterols, tocopherols, diacylglycerols, etc.) in olive oil. And these techniques are widely applied in whole oils analysis and characteristic compounds identification in olive oil. The literature results show that the combination of mass spectrometry data and chemometrics has made a significant contribution to determining the geographical traceability, adulteration identification, and grade classification of olive oil. This review aims to provide a certain reference for mass spectrometry techniques in the identification of olive oil quality and authenticity, and forecasts the development prospects.
Acidity rectified aggregation behaviour of colloids in sugarcane juice
Authors: Meng Lidan , Shi Changrong , Wen Tongquan , Huang Liyuan , Wang Qi , Hang Fangxue , Xie Caifeng , Li Kai
Published: October 2022

During processing and low‐temperature storage, pH change affects the stability of sugarcane juice. This study investigated the colloidal stability and aggregation mechanisms of membrane‐filtered sugarcane juice at the pH range of 2.5–9.5. The mechanisms of aggregate formation were speculated based on the compositional variations in sugarcane juice at different pH. When pH was lower than 6.03, aggregation was driven by the electrostatic effect, wherein proteins, polysaccharides and phenolic compounds interact, hence increase the average particle size and turbidity. The absolute value of the zeta potential of the juice was decreased and found an isoelectric point at the pH range of 3.0–3.5. However, under alkaline conditions, calcium phosphate mesh flocs, which are the dominant components of the aggregate, attract colloidal impurities in the juice, eventually resulting in a sharp increase in turbidity and the rapid formation of enormous precipitates, further increasing particle size. This work provides new clues to control aggregation issues commonly encountered by the sugarcane beverage industry.
Physicochemical, shear force and sensory characteristics of PUFA‐tenderising solution injected restructured blade and brisket beef steaks during ageing
Authors: Yar Muhammad K. , Jaspal Muhammad H. , Ali Sher , Ijaz Muawuz , Badar Iftikhar H. , Manzoor Adeel , Hussain Jibran
Published: October 2022

This study evaluated physicochemical, shear force, and sensory characteristics of antioxidants added, PUFA‐tenderising solution (PUFA‐TS) injected restructured blade, and brisket beef steaks aged 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. The brisket, PUFA‐TS injected, and 14 days aged steaks showed higher CIE colour a*, b*, and C* values than the blade, non‐PUFA‐TS injected, or any other days aged steaks. The blade and PUFA‐TS injected steaks showed higher cooking loss and lower WBSF values than brisket and non‐PUFA‐TS injected steaks. Ageing time decreased the WBSF and increased the TBARS values. PUFA‐TS injection enhanced the long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3‐LC‐PUFA) content up to 47.44 mg/100 g of the steak. Meat cut type, PUFA‐TS injection treatment, and ageing time did not affect the sensory characteristics. These results suggest that antioxidants added, PUFA‐TS injection coupled with 14 days of ageing could improve the colour and oxidative stabilities and fatty acid profile of restructured blade and brisket beef steaks.
Comprehensive study on nutritional, flavour and metabolite characteristics of green prickly ash (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) at different picking stages
Authors: Huang Shan , Li Bin , An Yuanzhe , Yang Gang , Liao Shenglan , Kan Jianquan
Published: October 2022

The nutritional, flavour and metabolite properties of Zanthoxylum schinifolium in 10–145 days postanthesis (P10‐P145) were comprehensively investigated. With increasing maturity, fruit volume and weight significantly increased, moisture content decreased. Amino acids in Z. schinifolium are mainly composed of arginine, proline, tryptophan and glutamic acid. Total amino acid content reached the highest level of 31.153 mg/g at P130. Total phenols and flavonoids contents reached the highest level at P100. The content of sanshool and volatile oil reached the highest level of 123.76 mg/g and 12.79 mL/100 g, respectively, at P100 and P115. In addition, linalool, as the characteristic aroma component of Z. schinifolium, was the most abundant at P100. Z. schinifolium at P100 is considered to be the most edible and economic value. P100 is therefore considered to be the suitable picking stage for consumption and processing of Z. schinifolium. Meanwhile, metabolomics is performed to quickly identify the maturity of Z. schinifolium in this study. The present results can be used to optimise harvest timing and promote the development of Z. schinifolium industry.
Enrichment and bioactivities of polyphenols of crude extract by deep eutectic solvent extraction from foxtail millet bran
Authors: Zheng Bailiang , Ding Yana , Johnson Joel B. , Xiang Jinle , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Youyang , Luo Denglin
Published: October 2022

The adsorption and desorption capabilities of eight types of macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) for polyphenols from foxtail millet bran (FMB) extract were investigated. The D101 resin demonstrated the highest adsorption and desorption capacity, followed by the AB‐8, DM301 and ADS‐17 resins. The reaction kinetics for the adsorption of FMB polyphenols onto MARs accorded with a pseudo‐first‐order model (R2 > 0.99), with an apparent adsorption rate constant (K) of 1.225 × 10−2 g/mg·min. The adsorption process of FMB polyphenols onto D101 resin could be best described with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 > 0.99). The phenolic fractions were separated using silica gel column chromatography, and their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content (TFC), anti‐glycosylation activity and acetylcholinesterase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities were compared. Fraction 4 had the highest abundance of phenolic compounds, with N′‐p‐coumaroyl‐N″‐feruloylspermidine (461.65 ± 0.79 μg/g) and N′,N″‐di‐feruloylspermidine (578.46 ± 2.56 μg/g) being the predominant phenolics, the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and anti‐glycosylation activity. Fraction 5 contained the highest apigenin‐C‐dihexoside, and therefore showed the best performance of α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. Fractions 4 and 5 displayed high antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and anti‐diabetic potential, indicating that these two fractions should be targeted for further high‐value utilisation of free polyphenols from FMB.
Effects of deep frying vegetable oils rich in PUFAs on gut microbiota in rats
Authors: Ruan Mengcheng , Zhang Zhe , Yuan Xuemei , Zhou Ruijie , Zhang Shijie , Tian Yu , Li Xueyin , Li Na , Liu Zhiguo , Zhu Rui , Wang Hualin
Published: October 2022

Vegetable oils rich in PUFAs are widely used in daily cooking and food industry, and PUFAs could be utilised by gut microbiota and present prebiotic effects. However, PUFAs are unstable in high‐temperature cooking like frying. In the current study, we aimed to explore the influence of thermally oxidised oils rich in PUFA on gut microbiota. Two vegetable oils: omega‐3 alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA)‐rich perilla oil or omega‐6 linoleic acid‐rich sunflower oil were heated at 180 °C for 10 h, and then fed to male SD rats for 14 weeks. Administration of heated perilla oil dramatically increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a recent identified probiotics which may weaken intestinal mucus barrier, and inhibited the expression of several tight junction‐related genes including occludin and claudin‐1 in colon. Consumption of thermally oxidised sunflower oil stimulated the proliferation of Bifidobacterium. Our findings suggested that thermally processing has complicated effects on the prebiotic effects of vegetable oils rich in PUFAs, and perilla oil fried foods may be potential sources to stimulate Akkermansia proliferation in gut.
Chilo suppressalis heat shock proteins are regulated by heat shock factor 1 during heat stress
Authors: Dong Chuan‐Lei , Feng Zhu , Lu Ming‐Xing , Du Yu‐Zhou
Published: October 2022

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) functions to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis by regulating the expression of target genes, including those encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the present study, the gene encoding HSF1 was cloned from the rice pest Chilo suppressalis, and designated Cshsf1. The deduced protein product, CsHSF1, contained conserved domains typical of the HSF1 family, including a DNA‐binding domain, two hydrophobic heptad repeat domains, and a C‐terminal transactivation domain. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that Cshsf1 was highly expressed in hemocytes. Expression analysis in different developmental stages of C. suppressalis revealed that Cshsf1 was most highly expressed in male adults. RNAi‐mediated silencing of Cshsf1 expression reduced C. suppressalis survival at high temperatures. To investigate the regulatory interactions between Cshsf1 and Cshsps, the promoters and expression patterns of 18 identified Cshsps in C. suppressalis were analysed; four types of heat shock elements (HSEs) were identified in promoter regions including canonical, tail–tail, head–head, and step/gap. The expression of Cshsp19.0, Cshsp21.7B, Cshsp60, Cshsp70 and Cshsp90 was positively regulated by Cshsf1; however, Cshsp22.8, Cshsp702, Cshsp705 and Cshsp706 gene expression was not altered. This study provides a foundation for future studies of HSF1 in insects during thermal stress.
Pediatric nurse‐sensitive outcomes: A systematic review of international literature
Authors: Amatt Natalie G. , Marufu Takawira C. , Boardman Rachel , Reilly Lesley , Manning Joseph C.
Published: October 2022

Background

Nurse‐sensitive outcomes are measures for improvement and evaluation of the quality of nursing care delivered. The specific outcomes that need to be measured will be determined by the patient population, as well as the field and scope of practice, in which nursing care is being delivered. Currently, there is no internationally agreed upon set of nurse‐sensitive outcomes for pediatric nursing, which provides specialist care to infants, children, and young people.

Aim

To identify and evaluate nurse‐sensitive outcomes for pediatric nursing.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases (British Nursing Index, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and EMCARE) were searched in the period up to February 2022. Studies were selected for inclusion using title and abstract screening using predetermined criteria. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used for quality assessment. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed.

Results

A total of 633 studies were identified from online searches, with 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies had moderate to high methodological strength. A total of 57 nurse‐sensitive outcomes were identified from all included studies. Using the nurse‐sensitive outcome conceptual analysis framework, 25 (45%) of the items were classified as outcome attributes, 20 (35%) as process attributes, and 13 (23%) as structure attributes. The most frequently reported nurse‐sensitive outcomes included pressure ulcers, nosocomial infections, hospital‐acquired infections, peripheral intravenous infiltration, failure to rescue, and staffing levels.

Conclusions

This review provides an up‐to‐date and comprehensive list of nurse‐sensitive outcomes for use in pediatric nursing and describes their frequency of use. However, further work is required to achieve consensus for an international core nurse‐sensitive outcome set for pediatric nursing with policy recommendations to ensure agreed‐upon minimum standards.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Policy initiatives and guideline recommendations on nurse‐sensitive outcome frameworks as part of patient safety should be a part of key priorities for policy makers. The commonly reported nurse‐sensitive outcomes should be incorporated into daily bedside pediatric clinical nursing practice as a mechanism to evaluate and improve the quality of care, enhancement of patient safety, and better outcomes.
Influence of composition on structural evolution of high‐entropy zirconates—cationic radius ratio and atomic size difference
Authors: Hutterer Patrick , Lepple Maren
Published: October 2022

Ten different high‐entropy rare‐earth zirconates with the general formula of A2Zr2O7 were synthesized using reverse coprecipitation. Thereby, five cations were mixed on the A sublattice, and their composition was varied systematically regarding cation size to vary the cationic radius ratio rA/rB and the atomic size difference δA. Phase and chemical composition as well as morphology of the synthesized materials were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. Additionally, their phase stability was investigated using high‐temperature XRD and differential scanning calorimetry. Single‐phase materials were obtained when δA was below 4.5%. This threshold value was determined and verified using additional data taken from literature. The single‐phase compositions formed pyrochlore or defect fluorite structure depending on their rA/rB with a threshold value of 1.46 being the same as for binary zirconates. Furthermore, the single‐phase compositions remained stable up to high temperatures.
Parasites and prey of the nursehound sharkScyliorhinus stellaris(Linnaeus, 1758): Insights into hidden trophic web interactions in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Santoro Mario , Bellisario Bruno , Fernández‐Álvarez Fernando Ángel , Crocetta Fabio , Palomba Marialetizia
Published: October 2022

The metazoan parasite community and the stomach contents of the nursehound sharkScyliorhinus stellarisfrom the Gulf of Naples (central Mediterranean Sea) were studied. The nursehound shark harboured a poor parasite community composed of a species of gill monogenean (Hexabothrium appendiculatum) and three intestinal cestode taxa (Acanthobothrium coronatumand two unidentified species of the generaYamaguticestusandScyphophyllidium), all represented by adult stages. Hosts were mostly parasitized by individuals ofA. coronatum, which was the most abundant species and contributed to almost 80% of the total number of parasites found. Conversely, other trophically transmitted parasites (i.e.,Yamaguticestussp. andScyphophyllidiumsp.) showed low prevalence and abundance. The parasite infracommunity was poor, showing low values of species richness, total mean abundance, and diversity indices. Overall, 52 prey items belonging to 13 taxa were identified in the stomach contents. Cephalopods were the most important prey items (represented by nine taxa) and the most diverse and abundant group. In the multivariate space provided by a principal component of mixed data (PCAmix), nursehound sharks distributed along two main axes, related to individual traits (first axis) and stomach contents (including empty ones, second axis). A logistic regression based on the first two axes of the PCAmix showed a significant influence of host individual traits and, to a lesser extent, of stomach contents, regarding the probability of being infected byA. coronatum. Alongside specific traits already associated with parasites transmission, our results highlight the importance of cephalopods in transferring cestode infections through trophic web interactions in the top‐predator nursehound shark.
Single centre retrospective review of outcome of 177Lu‐DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the treatment of progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumours: Survival, toxicity, and prognostic factors
Authors: Alsadik Shahad , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , Chen Luohai , Quigley Ann‐Marie , Mandair Dalvinder , Toumpanakis Christos , Caplin Martyn , Navalkissoor Shaunak
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 177Lu‐DOTATATE therapy in advanced metastatic disease. A retrospective analysis of 395 patients (180 female, 215 males, mean age 62) with progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) who were treated with 177Lu‐DOTATATE was performed. Overall, 115 patients had less than four cycles and 280 completed four cycles of treatment. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was performed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Analysis of survival predictors was performed using Cox regression model. Toxicity was defined using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5 (CTCAE 5.0). The percentage of patients with liver and skeletal metastases were 91 and 57%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were calculated at 33 months (95% CI: 29–37 months) and 46 months (95% CI: 48–56 months), respectively. End of treatment response assessment was performed using cross sectional imaging demonstrated partial response in 22%, stable disease in 64% and progressive disease in 14% of patients. Overall, grade 3 and 4 bone marrow toxicity was seen in 8%. One patient (0.3%) developed irreversible grade 4 nephrotoxicity. Myelodysplastic disease was recorded in one patient (0.3%). Univariate analysis of PFS predictors showed that body mass index (BMI), baseline chromogranin A (CgA) >400 ng/l, baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >130 mg/dl, liver tumour volume and overall tumour burden were significant. On multivariate analysis only Ki67, high CgA and low BMI retained significance. 177Lu‐DOTATATE is an effective treatment in advanced NETs with generally high‐volume metastases. It is well‐tolerated. Ki‐67, CgA and BMI appear to be predictors for PFS.
Case of anti‐NT5c1A antibody‐seropositive inclusion body myositis associated with severe dysphagia and prominent forearm weakness
Authors: Matsui Naoko , Takahara Mika , Yamazaki Hiroki , Takamatsu Naoko , Osaki Yusuke , Kaji Ryuji , Nishino Ichizo , Yamashita Satoshi , Izumi Yuishin
Published: October 2022

We report a case of an 82‐year‐old woman with inclusion body myositis (IBM), who presented with severe dysphagia, finger flexor weakness, and respiratory dysfunction. In addition, the patient showed prominent forearm weakness with quadriceps sparing and was seropositive for the anti‐cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (NT5c1A) antibody. The presence of the anti‐NT5c1A antibody is presumably associated with dysphagia. We speculate that the anti‐NT5c1A antibody is associated with the large discrepancy between distal upper limb weakness and proximal lower limb weakness in IBM.
Critical water contents at leaf, stem and root level leading to irreversible drought‐induced damage in two woody and one herbaceous species
Authors: Trifilò Patrizia , Abate Elisa , Petruzzellis Francesco , Azzarà Maria , Nardini Andrea
Published: October 2022

Plant water content is a simple and promising parameter for monitoring drought‐driven plant mortality risk. However, critical water content thresholds leading to cell damage and plant failure are still unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether whole‐plant or a specific organ water content is the most reliable indicator of mortality risk. We assessed differences in dehydration thresholds in leaf, stem and root samples, hampering the organ‐specific rehydration capacity and increasing the mortality risk. We also tested eventual differences between a fast experimental dehydration of uprooted plants, compared to long‐term water stress induced by withholding irrigation in potted plants. We investigated three species with different growth forms and leaf habits i.e., Helianthus annuus (herbaceous), Populus nigra (deciduous tree) and Quercus ilex (evergreen tree). Results obtained by the two dehydration treatments largely overlapped, thus validating bench dehydration as a fast but reliable method to assess species‐specific critical water content thresholds. Regardless of the organ considered, a relative water content value of 60% induced significant cell membrane damage and loss of rehydration capacity, thus leading to irreversible plant failure and death.