bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of trophic indices for lake Onego using of the ecological information system
Authors: Korosov Andrey , Kalinkina Nataliia , Tekanova Elena , Syarki Mariya , Isakova Kseniya
Published: November 2021

GIS technologies were used to study the spatial distribution of zones with different trophic conditions in the water area of Lake Onego. Empirical data on the trophic conditions of waters sampled in 1982–2020 were as the basis for the map development. Two periods, before and after 2000, were considered separately to assess the impact of climate change. As indicators of trophic conditions, the number of saprophytic bacterioplankton, biomass of crustacean zooplankton, concentration of chlorophyll “a” and water transparency were used. All characteristics were converted to a normal distribution, and the values at individual points were interpolated for the entire water area of the lake, which was presented as a network of 544 squares. Each cell of the water area was characterized by four values of indicators. To assess trophic conditions, multivariate statistics (principal component analysis) and an expert system (Bayesian classifier) were used. The first principal component can be considered as the integral value of trophic conditions in a given part of the water area. The Bayesian classification method allows to get an estimate of the probability of classifying each cell in the water area as “high trophic conditions” and “low trophic conditions” and assign a significance threshold (p = 0.05). The cartograms built on the basis of both methods are basically the same. Most of Lake Onego area is characterized as low trophic conditions. The vast area with high trophic conditions was identified in the northwestern part of Lake Onego where on the coast large cities are located (Petrozavodsk and Kondopoga), which is associated with active anthropogenic pollution in the last century. In recent years, due to industry recession, trophic conditions in this area has sharply decreased, with the exception of Kondopozhskaya Bay, where there is an increase in water pollution as a result of trout farms.
RISCOS À SAÚDE E ADOECIMENTO DO AGRICULTOR DECORRENTES DAS ATIVIDADES RURAIS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Vieira Coelho Ferreira Luana , Dallacort Rivanildo , Fenner William , Nonato Cunha de França Raimundo , Carolina Macri Gaspar Vendramini Ana
Published: November 2021

Objetivou-se analisar as evidências científicas sobre os riscos à saúde e doenças que acometem os agricultores decorrentes das atividades rurais. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada na base de dados eletrônicas SciELO e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) com os seguintes descritores: agricultores, trabalhadores rurais, população rural, exposição ocupacional, exposição ambiental, riscos ocupacionais, doenças dos trabalhadores agrícolas, doenças profissionais e estresse psicológico. Foram incluídos textos completos, do período entre 2010-2020, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. A revisão foi realizada em seis etapas. Foram encontrados 104 artigos, após leitura do título, resumo e palavras-chave 89 artigos foram excluídos, resultando em uma amostra de 15 artigos para análise final. Os resultados foram descritos em cinco categorias temáticas, sendo: riscos à saúde decorrentes do uso e exposição aos agrotóxicos, implicações à saúde decorrentes da fumicultura, implicações na saúde mental decorrentes do trabalho rural, riscos à saúde decorrentes da atividade extrativista e adoecimento do agricultor decorrentes a diferentes exposições no trabalho rural. Os agricultores estão expostos à vários riscos à saúde, decorrentes de diferentes atividades agrícolas, entre eles, os riscos físicos, químicos, biológicos, ergonômicos, organizacionais e à saúde mental. Muitos riscos são minimizados com a utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual, no entanto, é necessário maior sensibilização sobre a importância do uso correto desses equipamentos na prevenção dos agravos.

Palavras chave: Agricultores; Trabalhadores Rurais; Exposição Ocupacional; Exposição Ambiental; Doenças Profissionais.
EPIDEMIOLOGIA DAS HOSPITALIZAÇÕES POR DIARREIA E GASTROENTERITE EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO PEDIÁTRICO
Authors: de Novais Batista Alex , Pinheiro de Melo Letícia , José Nunes Vieira Thales , Sucupira Casimiro Geofabio , Sibelly Marques de Abrantes Kennia
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico das hospitalizações em crianças e adolescentes por diarreia e gastroenterite ocorridas no período de 01 de janeiro de 2014 a 31 de dezembro de 2018 no Hospital Universitário Júlio Bandeira (HUJB), localizado na cidade de Cajazeiras-PB. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo ecológico, transversal, exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, de base documental e de campo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da consulta aos prontuários de pacientes de 0 a 19 anos, hospitalizados por diarreia ou gastroenterite no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2018. Após a coleta, as informações foram importadas para o programa estatístico IBM SPSS Statistics 21 para realização de análises estatísticas descritivas, sendo também calculada a proporção de hospitalizações por diarreia e gastroenterite. Resultados: Houve um total de 334 internamentos por diarreia e gastroenterite no HUJB na população estudada durante o período determinado para a pesquisa, com redução numérica de 29,4% se comparados com os dados referentes ao ano inicial e ao ano final da pesquisa. Uma a cada quatro hospitalizações no mês de fevereiro ocorreu por diarreia e gastroenterite e os maiores números concentraram-se em crianças menores de 5 anos (73,1%), cor/raça parda (57,8%), moradores da zona urbana (69,5%) e procedentes do município de Cajazeiras-PB (56,9%). Conclusão: A partir da identificação da distribuição das hospitalizações ao longo dos meses do ano e do perfil populacional mais afetado por essas afecções é possível obter melhor planejamento da instituição de saúde a fim de garantir insumos necessários às demandas específicas do tratamento, assim como realizar treinamento profissional e promover educação em saúde da comunidade.

Palavras chave: Diarreia. Gastroenterite. Hospitalização. Criança. Adolescente.
Entre a pesquisa acadêmica, a difusão científica e o mercado futebolístico
Authors: Hollanda Bernardo Borges Buarque de
Published: November 2021

O artigo debruça-se sobre a experiência de um centro de estudos dedicado ao monitoramento estatístico do futebol profissional nos últimos quinze anos. Com base em um acompanhamento presencial no suíço Football Observatory, propõe-se a descrição e análise da atuação de uma equipe de geógrafos que se especializou na mineração de dados para radiografar elementos demográficos, performáticos e financeiros do futebol de espetáculo contemporâneo. O argumento sustenta que, egressos do meio acadêmico, os analistas responsáveis aproximam-se dos agentes e das instituições que pretendem observar, produzindo uma dualidade, quando não uma ambiguidade, analítica: ora entende-se que os índices e as cifras levantados servem para uma compreensão crítica dos rumos assumidos pelo profissionalismo exponencialmente mercantilizado e concentrador; ora tal aproximação direciona o objeto do que pretendem investigar, com pesquisas e consultorias voltadas de maneira progressiva a atender os interesses dos entes envolvidos com a administração e a promoção do futebol no século XXI.
Dois precisos poemas de futebol
Authors: Negrão Renato
Published: November 2021

A revista FuLiA/UFMG apresenta dois poemas sobre futebol de Renato Negrão. O primeiro foi publicado na abertura de seu livro Vicente viciado (Rótula, 2012) e o outro na antologia Pelada poética – Copa do Mundo no Brasil (Scriptum, 2014), organizada por Mário Alex Rosa e Welbert Belfort.
Novel attributes of a dual pocket tunnel field-effect transistor
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Saurabh Sneh
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we propose the application of a dual pocket adjacent to the source in a tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) to improve its electrical characteristics. Using two-dimensional device simulations, we demonstrate that if appropriate doping concentration and length are chosen for the dual pocket, then a sharp curvature is obtained in the energy bands at the onset of tunneling. Consequently, a smaller tunneling width and higher band-to-band tunneling are obtained in a dual pocket TFET (DP-TFET). We demonstrate that the proposed DP-TFET exhibits a 64% smaller average subthreshold swing (SS) compared to a conventional TFET and a 39% smaller average SS compared to a TFET in which a single fully depleted counter-doped pocket adjacent to the source is added. Moreover, the proposed technique of inserting a dual pocket is effective at lower supply voltage (V

DD
= 0.5 V). Therefore, we can obtain a high ON-current to OFF-current ratio at lower supply voltages and the proposed technique can be employed in future TFETs for low power applications.
Capacitor-type thin-film heat flow switching device
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Matsunaga Takuya , Singh Saurabh , Matsunami Masaharu , Takeuchi Tsunehiro
Published: November 2021

We developed a capacitor-type heat flow switching device, in which electron thermal conductivity of the electrodes is actively controlled through the carrier concentration varied by an applied bias voltage. The device consisted of an amorphous p-type Si–Ge–Au alloy layer, an amorphous SiO2as the dielectric layer, and an n-type Si substrate. Both amorphous materials are characterized by very low lattice thermal conductivity, ≤1 W m–1K–1. The Si–Ge–Au amorphous layer with 40 nm in thickness was deposited by means of molecular beam deposition technique on the 100 nm thick SiO2layer formed at the top surface of Si substrate. Bias voltage-dependent heat flow density through the fabricated device was evaluated by a time-domain thermoreflectance method at room temperature. Consequently, we observed a 55% increase in the heat flow density at the maximum.
Continuous Fermi level tuning of Nb-doped WSe2 under an external electric field
Authors: Hisama Kaoru , Gao Yanlin , Maruyama Mina , Kitaura Ryo , Okada Susumu
Published: November 2021

The possibility of continuous Fermi level tuning of Nb-doped WSe2 under an external electric field is investigated, using the density functional theory combined with the effective screening medium method. The Fermi level monotonically increases and decreases as the carrier concentration increases and decreases, respectively, by controlling the external electric field. The electronic structure of Nb-doped WSe2 is insensitive to the Nb concentration and arrangement. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the electric field simply shifts the Fermi level of Nb-doped WSe2, resulting in the constant quantum capacitance through the gate voltage, irrespective of the Nb concentration and arrangement.
Effect of Temperature and Nanoparticle Concentration on the Viscosity of Glycerine-water based SiO2 Nanofluids
Authors:   Research Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore, India., Lahari M.L.R. Chaitanya , Bee P. Haseena ,   Research Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore, India., Sai P.H.V. Sesha Talpa ,   Professor & Director-R&D, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India., Narayanaswamy K.S. ,   Professor & Director, School of Mechanical Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore, India., Devaraj S. ,   Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore, India., Sharma K.V. ,   Emeritus Professor, Centre for Energy Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India.
Published: November 2021

Dynamic viscosity of SiO2/22nm nanofluids prepared in a glycerine-water (30:70 by volume) mixture base liquid, referred to as GW70, is measured experimentally. Nanofluids with concentrations of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 percent are produced, and viscosity measurements are carried out at temperatures ranging from 20 to 80 oC using a LVDV-2T model Brookfield Viscometer. The particle size and elemental composition of nanoparticles are determined using FESEM and EDX. XRD images confirm the SiO2 peaks in the crystalline structure. The rheology of nanofluids is influenced by the nanoparticle’s concentration. In the experimental temperature and concentration range, nanofluids show Newtonian behavior. The viscosity of nanofluids enhanced as particle concentration increased and reduced as temperature increased. For 1.0 percent vol. concentration at 20oC, the maximum viscosity value is achieved, and for 0.2 percent vol. concentration at 80oC, the lowest viscosity value is observed. The viscosity of the glycerine-water base fluid was also determined at 20, 40, 60, and 80 degrees Celsius. The viscosity ratio of nanofluids to the base liquid is found to be more than one for all the nanofluids. This viscosity data is useful to estimate HTC of glycerine-water-based silica nanofluids.
Aggregation Operators in Hesitant Fuzzy Set for Decision Making
Authors:   Computer Science, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., R Roopa Chandrika , N.S Gowri Ganesh ,   Computer Science, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., A Mummoorthy ,   Computer Science, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., A Gayathri ,   Computer Science, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Published: November 2021

Uncertainty is prevalent in a wide range of real-world issues. The fuzzy sets, vague sets or intuitionistic fuzzy sets are widely used in recent years for decision making and various analysis where uncertainty is predominant. An extension of fuzzy sets is Hesitant Fuzzy Sets, which deals with ambiguous situations that arise when determining an element's membership degree in a set. Researchers have defined various ideas, extensions, aggregation operators, and measurements to deal with reluctant information as a result of this new approach. Machine leaning algorithms are also exploiting hesitant fuzzy sets for better decision making.
Fostering Spaces for Black Joy in STEM-Rich Making and Beyond
Authors: Worsley Ti'Era D , Roby ReAnna S
Published: November 2021

What does it mean to express Black joy and loving blackness through STEM-rich making? What does it mean for Black youth in community-based, youth-focused makerspaces to express Black joy and loving blackness? We look at how Black youth alongside their facilitators co-create spaces of Black joy through making. These makerspaces are located at two local Boys and Girls Clubs in the US Midwest and the Southeast. Makerspaces are informal sites where youth are encouraged to work collaboratively while building digital and physical artifacts. As two Black female STEM educators working with Black youth we frame our work in critical race theory. Specifically we draw on the tenets of whiteness as property and counter-narratives. Using critical ethnographic methods, we explore the ways in which Black youth produce counter-narratives that disrupt whiteness as property through STEM-rich making. Data sources include fieldnotes; artifacts, such as youth work; interviews; and video recordings. The first vignette highlights how two Black girls navigate choosing and creating characters using Scratch. The second vignette focuses on a brother and sister duo who center their making on family and their shared maker identity. We then discuss the freedoms afforded to youth with flexible co-designed curriculum with facilitators and how we foster open spaces. We address this special issue’s driving question by asking, How do we, as STEM facilitators, counter anti-blackness in/through STEM by fostering space for Black joy with youth in making?
On Black Mattering and (Un)framing the Preparation of Higher Education/Student Affairs Administrators
Authors: Boss Ginny Jones , Davis Tiffany J. , Porter Christa J.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this critical content analysis study was to examine higher education/student affairs (HE/SA) preparation toward a racial framing that centers and honors Black mattering. We explored linkages between Black literacies and epistemic credibility as indicators of Black mattering by analyzing 24 syllabi of foundational courses in HE/SA graduate preparation programs using Muhammad’s (2020) Historically Responsive Literacy (HRL) framework. The HRL framework is a four-layered equity framework with the following learning goals: (a) identity development; (b) skill development; (c) intellectual development; and (d) criticality. Across the four layers, we found little evidence of Black mattering in our data. To meaningfully situate Black mattering within curriculum development, we suggest instructors use their syllabus to begin unframing white supremacy and framing the curriculum with Black mattering.
Letter from the special issue editors
Authors: Stewart Terah J. , Okello Wilson Kwamogi
Published: November 2021

Over the past year we have labored to curate this special issue of the Journal of Effective Teaching in Higher Education titled In The Along: Curricular and Pedagogical Imperatives for Black Mattering. This process began during a global health pandemic and the already ongoing assault on Black people and lifeways, and we complete the issue in the same, if not more precarious place.
EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH A GASTROSTOMY FEEDING TUBE
Authors: Maria Dousi , Dafni Papada , Nikoleta Gkatzia
Published: November 2021

The life quality of patient's caregivers who have a gastrostomy feeding tube at home has not been adequately researched, although it consists of an
integral part of good home care. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers and identify the effective factors. A
quantitative sample was created by 120 caregivers of patients with a gastrostomy feeding tube. The participants answered the following collection
of questions: a sociodemographic characterization form, the SF-36 Health Research Questionnaire, the Greek Multidimensional Fatigue
Questionnaire (MFI), and the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (24-item CBI or CBI-24). Regarding the SF-36 questionnaire, the lowest scores were
recorded for the summary mental health scale (average value 43.8), the summary physical health scale (average value 49.8), as well as for the
physical role dimension (average value 57.1). The data showed a positive correlation between married caregivers and cohabitants and physical
functioning scores (P = 0.001) and that increasing year of care was associated with lower physical functioning scores (P = 0.001). In addition, an
increase in the overall fatigue score (MFI-20) was associated with a decrease in the overall health score (P <0.001), vitality, emotional role, mental
health (P <0.001), physical pain. (P <0.001) and social functionality (P <0.001). Moreover, informal caregivers had a higher score of physical pain
than standard caregivers (P = 0.010). The results of this analysis suggest that the QoL of caregivers is affected across various domains and
underscore the importance of QoLresearch particularly in the target populations.
PROFICIENT STRIDES AND INHERENT LIMITATIONS IN CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY OF BREAST MASS
Authors: Hend Harahsheh , Duaa Al Shurbaji , Maha Alrabadi , Mohammad Al-shurafat , Muhand Lababneh , Firas Sha'ban , Rima Nserat , Rami Alqroom
Published: November 2021

Breast masses might be a mass discovered by patients incidentally
during breast self-examination or else by the physician during routine
physical examination. These masses have a variable etiology and
nature. while, Fibroadenoma considered the most common benign
breast mass, contrary, invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common
malignancy [1]. Although, the vast majority of these masses are
benign, still breast cancer is the furthermost frequently resulting
malignancy in females worldwide having an age-standardized
incidence rate (ASR) of 39.0 per 100,000 females, and the second
leading cause of cancer deaths in women [2-4]. In spite of most breast
cancers occur in women older than 50 years, one third of women
diagnosed with breast cancer between 1996 and 2000 were younger
than 50 years [5,6]. Contempt of medical advances and assuring
treatment regime, morbidity and mortality due to breast cancer has
seen no signicant changes in developing countries. In the US in 2020,
estimations reach 276,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer in
women ,and an additional 48,530 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ
diagnosed in women [7]. Also, an estimated mortality of 42,170
female patients with breast cancer will occur in 2020. Invasive female
breast cancer incidence rates trends increased slightly, by 0.3% per
year [2,6,8]. This might probably be due to lack of systematic
screening and early detection
PHYSICIAN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS FIBROMYALGIAAND FACTOR'S INFLUENCING KNOWLEDGE IN EASTERN PROVINCE , SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: AlObaid Hanan , AlRashed Laila , AlHraiz Ayat , Khalid Erum , AlDhamadi Mai
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a common rheumatological disease that is difcult to diagnose , because of it's subjective symptoms and decient
physician's knowledge of the disease . The purpose of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of family physicians regarding
bromyalgia
Methods: The study was a cross sectional with an online survey that was administered to general practitioners and family physicians in Eastern
province, responses were obtained from 209 participants, knowledge about bromyalgia, attitude and practice were assessed
Results: Regarding knowledge about bromyalgia, 89% of the respondents had poor knowledge. Attitudes revealed that More than half of the
respondents (56%) thought that bromyalgia is easy to diagnosed. However, only 12.4% of the medical practitioners agreed that diagnosis of
bromyalgia can be conducted in PHC setting and only 16.7% felt condent to use (ACR) criteria. Regarding management, about 27% believed
they can manage bromyalgia . Only a quarter (24.9%) said they never manage any cases of bromyalgia.
Conclusions: knowledge, attitude and practice regarding bromyalgia are poor which results in delay in the diagnosis and management.To
overcome this delays in diagnosis and treatment and improve knowledge about bromyalgia, further education is needed
LIVER PIGMENT CELLS OF THE GREEN FROG (PELOPHYLAX ESCULENTUS COMPLEX) ARE INVOLVED IN HEMATOPOIESIS AND LIVER PARENCHYMA REPAIR.
Authors: Akulenko. N. M.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the factors inuencing hematopoiesis in the liver of green frogs under conditions of anthropogenic pollution. For this, the
experiment compared the indicators of animals from groups with maximum and minimum signs of the liver damage taken from a contaminated
biotope. It has been shown that there are no differences between the groups in the indices of hematoposis, but there are signicant differences in the
content of pigments in the liver. Also, signicant correlations were found between the amount of pigments and indicators of erythropoiesis and
myelopoiesis. It was concluded that the reserves of pigments in the liver of frogs are involved in compensatory reactions.
Ultrasonographic, Hormonal, Morphological And Morphometric Correlate Studies of Induced Testicular Pathology In West African Dwarf Goat Bucks.
Authors: Raji L.O.
Published: November 2021

The study was carried out to evaluate the significance of ultrasound in the early detection of testicular pathology in the West African Dwarf (WAD) buck; hormonal, morphological and
morphometric studies were used as correlates. Twelve matured WAD bucks divided into two groups (of 6 per group); A—control, B — bucks with right testis spermatic cord ligated for four weeks were used for this study. Testicular ultrasound protocols were carried on the Longitudinal Planes (LP) and Transverse Planes (TP) on both testes. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein twice a week for four weeks and assayed for testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulation Hormone (FSH) concentrations. The testes were harvested after four weeks and carefully separated from the epididymides for gross and histological studies. Results revealed that 24 hours post induction of testicular pathology, inflammation of the right testes of the group B bucks was detected by ultrasound as hypo-echoic (dark) regions covering about two-third of the entire testis while the non-ligated testes appeared mostly homogeneously greyish on the TP. By the end of the fourth week the entire ligated testes were inflamed and appeared hypo-echoic with some areas of fibrosis on the TP and LP. The LH and FSH concentrations increased while there were no significant changes in testosterone concentrations. There were marked reduction in testicular and epididymal weights and sizes in group B bucks. The group B bucks testes showed complete loss of testicular architecture while the Leydig cells were intact. In conclusion, testicular ultrasound was valuable in the early detection of the induced testicular pathology (which hormonal, morphological and morphometric studies confirmed), hence should be adopted as part of the BSE programme of the WAD buck.
Estrous Cycle of Induced Ovulators: Lesson From The Camel — A Review
Authors: Dauda Y
Published: November 2021

Camel, rabbit, cat, ferrets, minks, koala and meadow moles are induced ovulators requiring copulation to trigger the ovulatory process and the estrous cycle differs from that of other domestic animals. The estrous cycle in these animals composed of follicular recruitment, follicular growth, follicular maturity and follicular regression phase. These animals are variously reared as companion, fur-bearing and meat animals. Among these, the camel is the most valuable and classical induced ovulator which is rear not only for milk and meat, but as work animal and contributes effectively to the welfare of people in harsh and difficult environments. As a classical induced ovulatory, camelid has cycling receptivity with distinctive estrus but requires mating in order to ovulate. The other classes of induced ovulators like cats and ferrets require both the presence of male to achieve behavioral estrus and actual copulation to ovulate. The camel has good prospects of survival as a suitable livestock for projects of sustainable agriculture and animal production under harsh desert or arid conditions. However the reproductive nature of camels presents a huge challenge to camel husbandry. The natural constraints include the long period of attaining puberty, limited breeding season, difficulties in induced ovulation, long gestation period and inter-calving intervals. Efforts to improve the reproductive efficiency of the female camel are closely related to a better understanding of the folliculogenesis or follicular wave pattern. Many investigators might not be aware of the peculiar reproductive information available about this animal species. A working knowledge of ovarian function or estrous cycle will be of immense importance to the application of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and enhancements of reproduction in camelids. This work presents the overview of estrous cycle in camel as a classical example of induced ovulators with the aim of providing current knowledge to the reader and to stimulate wider research interest in camel research and reproduction.
In Vitro Antileishmanial, Antitrypanosomal And Cytotoxic —Assessment of Extracts of Three Nigerian Medicinal Plants Using Alamar Blue Assay And Cell Counting Methods.
Authors: Alawa J.N.
Published: November 2021

Infections caused by protozoan species are major worldwide health problems resulting in over three million deaths annually in developing countries. Extracts of three selected plants used as medicinal plants by indigenous local communities in Nigeria were screened against Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream isolates and amastigotes forms of Leishmania major and for cytotoxic activity against normal cell lines (macrophages and L929 fibroblasts) and cancer cell lines (Jurkat and SH-SY5Y) using alamar blue assay and conventional cell counting methods. Results demonstrated that two extracts, aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and methanolic extract of Annona senegalensis (AS) showed significant antileishmanial activity against macrophage infectivity (=50%) without cellular damage. The percentage suppression with VA was significantly higher (p<0.05) while that of AS was comparable to the standard drug, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) (% suppression with VA=65.1; AS=48.4; SSG=40.2). Two extracts showed strong antitrypanosomal activity with EC,, and MIC,, values of less than I10ug/ml namely hexane extract of AS (2.88 and 3.12) and methanolic extract of VA (8.04 and 6.25) which were more effective than the reference drug Cymelarsan, while other extracts showed moderate to low activity with values ranging from 10 to above 20 ug/ml. Cytotoxicity studies showed that only methanolic extracts were toxic to L929 fibroblasts and macrophages while no toxicity was observed on the Jurkat and SH-SY5Y cancer cells at this concentration. Phytochemical screening using GC-MS showed the presence of polyacetylenes, ethers, fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, sulphur and alcohol compounds in the active extracts. The findings of this study has shown that extracts of AS and VA contain active compounds which could serve as alternative agents in the development of antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal drugs and warrants further investigation.
Prevalence of Parasitic Infections on Hematological Indices of Horses in the Gombe Royal Houses
Authors: Turaki U.A.
Published: November 2021

The prevalence and effects of parasitic infections on hematological indices of horses in royal house of Gombe was studied. A total of 150 male horses were used for the study (January to March, 2017). Blood, feces and skin scrapings were collected from each horse and examined using various standard laboratory procedures. The coprological results showed that Ascaris accounted for 10% (15), flatworms (fasciola) 4% (6) and hookworms 4.6% (7). The skin scrapings, Mange accounted for 4 (2.6%), and ticks 8 (5.3%) while hemoparasitological analysis showed that Babesia accounted for 5 (3.33%). The blood indices showed that horses infected by parasites have significantly (p<0.05) lower RBC PCV, HB, and platelets compared to non infected horses while the WBC values increased significantly (p<0.05) due to immune-cellular response to the parasitic infection. The findings showed that parasitism is a problem in the stables examined and calls for proper stable hygiene, improved management practice, regular and strategic parasite monitoring and deworming programmes in order to achieve improved health and performance.
Co-infection Dynamics of Canine Parasitic Diseases In Osun State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Approach.
Authors: Ola-Fadunsin S.D.
Published: November 2021

Multiple parasitic co-infections are a normal occurrence in animals. A ten year (2006-2015) data of parasitic diseases diagnosed in the major Veterinary clinics in Osun state was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. The prevalence of parasitic diseases co-infection, the epidemiological risk factors and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient associated with parasitic diseases co-infection was carried out to determine the dynamics of canine parasitic diseases in Osun State. A significant number of dogs were diagnosed with two or more parasitic infections at the same time. Exotic breed of dogs recorded a significant (P<0.05) lower prevalence of parasitic disease co-infections compared to indigenous and cross breeds. Young dogs were more prone to multiple parasite co-infections compared to growing and adult dogs. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) within gender as it pertains to multiple parasitic diseases co-infection. Higher number of parasite co-infections was recorded during the wet season than the dry season. There was a positive correlation between the occurrence of tick infestation with babesiosis, and tick infestation with ehrlichiosis. There is need for an improved Veterinary medical attention and hygienic practices given to dogs in the study area as multiple parasitic diseases co-infection could cause severe and adverse effect on the health, reproduction and performance of dogs.
Fatal Parasitic Gastroenteritis and Pneumonia In A Captive African Civet (Civettictis civetta)
Authors: Adam M
Published: November 2021

The African civet cat (Civetticus civetta) is native to Ethiopia, Guinea, Senegal, and other places in equatorial Africa. Civet cats are grouped under order Carnivora and family Viverridae and are wild viverids of the tropics. They are nocturnal and solitary animals that only mix during mating. Though, civet cats are primarily carnivorous, they are opportunistic omnivores, but feeds on a mixture of fruits and vegetables, maize meal and meat (1kg/civet), eggs, insects, rodents, invertebrates and birds. Parasitic and infectious diseases have become a major concern in the conservation of endangered species as they can cause mortality, dramatic population declines, and even contribute to local extinction events. This report concern is about a Civet which was acquired in May, 2016 by the private forest garden. It showed no previous sign of illness prior to its death in July. The carcass weighed approximately 4kg and was in good bodily condition. Congestion of the lungs were evident, while the stomach was empty, but the duodenum contained cream-coloured mucoid exudates admixed with two long cestodes, measuring up to 52cm and numerous short segments of this worm, (up to 2 cm in length) within the lumen of the proximal 1/3rd of the duodenum and extending to the jejunum and ileum. Parasitological examination revealed that the cestodes was Dipylidium spp. It was concluded that, the Civet could have died as a result of parasitic gastroenteritis and pneumonia 53 days after it was introduced into the forest garden. It is most likely that the infection was acquired from the wild before the animal was introduced into the forest garden.
The Management of Recurrent Sublingual Sialocele In A Feedlot Sokoto Gudali Bull: A Case Report
Authors: Kaltungo B. Y.
Published: November 2021

A 5-year-old Sokoto Gudali bull was presented with complaint of recurrent soft and flocculent swelling beneath the tongue. Careful clinical assessment led to a diagnosis of sublingual sialocele. A sialocele is a subcutaneous cavity containing saliva which is surrounded by tissue reaction to saliva. An aspirate of the fluid revealed a clear viscid content with neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. The case was managed surgically by marsupialization. Recovery was “uneventful” and was found to be normal 2 months post-surgery. It was concluded that marsupialization technique may be a permanent remedy for recurring sublingual sialocele in cattle.
Drug of Choice in the Treatment of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) Salmonellae Isolated from Wildlife in Nigeria
Authors: Oludairo O. O.
Published: November 2021

Multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella are frequently encountered with increased rates in recent years. Many variants of the organism have developed MDR genes which they retain even when antimicrobial drugs are no more in use, limiting the choice of drugs for therapy of Salmonella infections resulting in morbidity and mortality in both man and animals and raising more public health questions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Salmonella spp. to twelve antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Eight Salmonella spp. isolated from wildlife were tested. All the isolates exhibited MDR, showing resistance to at least four and up to nine antimicrobial agents. They were all highly resistant (100%) to ceftazidime, cephazoline, cefuroxidine and ampicillin but were susceptible to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Six resistant patterns were observed, with ampicillin-cefuroxime sodiumcephazolin-ceftazidime and streptomycin-ampicillin-cefuroxime sodium-cephazolin-ceftazidime resistant patterns exhibited by two isolates each. The substantial multiple resistance pointed to the fact that limitations could be faced in choosing drugs for the treatment of Salmonella infections and that mortality and economic losses could be experienced especially if sensitivity tests are not carried out before antimicrobial choice is made for treatments in both man and animals.
The Management of Pain In Animals on The Clinic Floor
Authors: Omamegbe J. O. , Nwinyi F. C.
Published: November 2021

Most animals presented for veterinary care are suffering or will suffer from some pain during restraint, clinical examination, samples collection, diagnostic imaging, parenteral drug administration or clinical procedures et cetera. The Veterinarian is ethically, morally and professionally enjoined to recognize and alleviate such pain. Although most studies on animal pain have been focused on mostly post surgical pain in dogs and cats, animals afflicted with most common external or internal, infectious and non-infectious disease conditions also suffer from pain. Identifying animals in pain alone is difficult except if a Veterinarian with a penchant for the management of pain in animals actively looks out for it in patients. The measurement of pain in animals poses even more difficulties for the Veterinarian than its identification mainly because animals are unable to communicate the locations, the temporal occurance and the severities of the pain they feel just as they don’t of other clinical manifestations. Therefore, animals in pain rely on their owners, handlers or keepers et cetera who actually don’t know how or where it hurts them to provide such details to the Veterinaruan. To complicate matters, the use of validated pain assessment scales in animals is fraught with serious limitations except to some less extent, for the visual analog and the simple descriptive scales which seem applicable in real clinic situations. A multi-modal mode of management in which opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, α 2 – adrenergic agonists, NDMA receptor antagonists and ketamine delivered through a variety of routes, at varied dosages and regimens, is advocated for pain management in animals. The need to regularly review the state of the patient vis-à-vis the need to modify the treatment module and regimen cannot be over emphasized when and if a clinical case is under consideration. This may involve the change of medications, the addition of more medications, the reduction in the number of medication, changes in dosages and the regimen in use from time to time. This discuss is aimed at the general Veterinary practitioner who is presented daily with different species and breeds of animals suffering from varieties of clinical conditions or which will undergo a variety of clinical procedures capable of causing pain in the course of veterinary health care delivery in diverse clinic settings.
Epidemiology of Q – Fever in Flocks of Sheep in Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu S. G.
Published: November 2021

Q-fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular Gram-negative bacterium. A cross sectional epidemiological study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Q-fever in flocks of sheep in Yobe State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the animals. A total of 420 blood samples from sheep of various ages were tested from April, 2018 to July, 2018 for Q-fever using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of the 420 sera tested 49 (11.7%) were seeropositive for Q fever. Of the 315 females sheep tested, 39 (12.4%) were seropositive and out of 105 male sheep tested, 10 (9.5%) were seropositive. There was no significant association (p>0.05) between the sex of sheep tested for Q fever. The seroprevalence was higher in animals greater than 2 years 41 (12.1%) than in animals less than 2 years 8 (9.8%). There were no significant associations between age and infection with Q-fever even though that animal greater than 2 years showed higher prevalence than those less than 2 years. The highest seroprevalence 22 (12.3%) was recorded in Yankasa sheep, and the least seroprevalence 8(9.9%) was recorded in Uda. The seroprevalence of 19 (13.6%), 16 (11.4%) and 14 (10.0%) were recorded in Damaturu, Potiskum and Gashua zones respectively. There was no significant association (p>0.05) between the breed and location of the animals tested for Q fever infection. This study concludes that Q-fever is endemic in sheep in Yobe State. Enlightenment campaign is recommended to educate the livestock farmers, herders and the general public on the dangers of Q-fever infection. There is need for large scale epidemiological investigation of the disease in other livestock farms in the state.
Human Gait-labeling Uncertainty and a Hybrid Model for Gait Segmentation
Authors: Wu Jiaen , Maurenbrecher Henrik , Schaer Alessandro , Becsek Barna , Easthope Chris Awai , Chatzipirpiridis George , Ergeneman Olgac , Pane Salvador , Nelson Bradley
J.
Published: November 2021

Motion capture systems are widely accepted as ground-truth for gait analysis and are used for the validation of other gait analysis systems.To date, their reliability and limitations in manual labeling of gait events have not been studied.

Objectives: Evaluate human manual labeling uncertainty and introduce a new hybrid gait analysis model for long-term monitoring.

Methods: Evaluate and estimate inter-labeler inconsistencies by computing the limits-of-agreement; develop a model based on dynamic time warping and convolutional neural network to identify a valid stride and eliminate non-stride data in walking inertial data collected by a wearable device; Gait events are detected within a valid stride region afterwards; This method makes the subsequent data computation more efficient and robust.

Results: The limits of inter-labeler agreement for key

gait events of heel off, toe off, heel strike, and flat foot are 72 ms, 16 ms, 22 ms, and 80 ms, respectively; The hybrid model's classification accuracy for a stride and a non-stride are 95.16% and 84.48%, respectively; The mean absolute error for detected heel off, toe off, heel strike, and flat foot are 24 ms, 5 ms, 9 ms, and 13 ms, respectively.

Conclusions: The results show the inherent label uncertainty and the limits of human gait labeling of motion capture data; The proposed hybrid-model's performance is comparable to that of human labelers and it is a valid model to reliably detect strides in human gait data.

Significance: This work establishes the foundation for fully automated human gait analysis systems with performances comparable to human-labelers.
Optimization of rabies (Rhabdoviridae: Lyssavirus) dog vaccination schedule using a mathematical model
Authors: Lobanova V. A. , Klyukina V. I.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Most cases of human rabies are caused by dog (Canis lupus familiaris) bites. Therefore, the implementation of vaccination programs of these animals is one of the urgent tasks.The work aims to identify the factors influencing the production of antirabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) in vaccinated dogs, and to formulate recommendations for adjusting the vaccination schedule using mathematical modeling (MM).Material and methods. We used a fixed-effects modeling procedure to estimate the two-compartment model parameters using log-transformed data (obtained by RFFIT, rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test; and FAVN, fluorescent antibody virus-neutralization test) on the VNAs levels in the serum of vaccinated dogs.Results. More vigorous immune response after a two-dose primary vaccination is formed in juvenile dogs at the age of 3 months to 1 year compared to the adult dogs. Following the primary vaccination and revaccination 1 year after, VNAs were produced more intensively in adult stray dogs than in domestic dogs.Discussion. The short-term immune response observed in dogs aged up to 3 months is due to the presence of colostral antibodies and the active growth of the organism at this age. The results of our study confirm that most of the dogs have a level of antirabies VNAs of ≥0.5 IU/ml up to two or more years following immunization. However, only regular annual revaccination ensures the protective VNAs level in animals that responded poorly to vaccination due to various factors.Conclusion. The following antirabies vaccination schedule is recommended: primary vaccination of the dog at the age of 3 months up to 1 year with 1–2 month intervals, then revaccination annually. This work also demonstrates the possibility of a wider application of MM methods for solving problems of vaccine prevention.
Strategi Dakwah Jamaah Tabligh dalam Tazkiyat Al-Nafs di Masjid PP. Darul Ulum Pakes Desa Panaan Palengaan Pamekasan
Authors: Ruji Moh , Faisol Abdul Hadi
Published: November 2021

Strategi dalam penjelankan sebuah dakwah adalah sebuah cara yang dilakukan agar dakwah yang disampaikan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Strrategi dakwah Jamaah Tabligh dalam hal Tazkiyat Al-nafs yaitu melalui kegiatan atau tindak lanjut dari setiap yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya selama masa tiga hari program berjalan.Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah metode Deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu dengan cara melalui pengamatan lapangan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dari Jamaah Tabligh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui stragegi dakwah yang dilakukan oleh Jama’ Tabligh, faktor pendukung dan  penghambat serta solusinya. Hasil penelitian. Pertama berisi tentang penyampaian terima kasih dan permohonan maaf dengan mesyarakat atas kesalahan selama beriktikaf di masjid, dan mengajak masyarakat untuk bergabung aktif dalam  program khuruj (tasykil) demi tercapainya jiwa yang bersih (Tazkiyat Al- nafs). Bagi kaum perempuan para Da’I mendatangi rumahnya dan membacakan Taklim. Meberi bantuian bagi yang tidak mampu dalam bidang ekonomi bagi yang ingin hendak melakukan Khuruj dan membantu sebagian pekerjaan rumahnya selama ia Khuruj.  Di sinalah salah satu kunci strategi yang  dapat memikat para hati mad’u untuk dapat diajak bergabung dalam kegiatan dakwah Jamaah Tabligh sehingga dapat mengamalkan dan bisa menyampaiakan kepada orang lain. Bagi Masyarakat yang berkeinginan Khuruj (keluar)  namun sibuk, maka tugas tersebut di tanggung sebagian anggota Jamaah Tabligh yang kebetulan tidak melaksanakan Khuruj.
Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dalam Menangani Disharmoni Pernikahan Usia Dini
Authors: Rohman Fathor , Annajih Moh. Ziyadul Haq
Published: November 2021

Disharmoni dalam pernikahan sering kali terjadi disebabkan adanya ketidak siapan para dari para mempelai yang menjalaninya. Baik dari segi umur yang belum matang, ataupun karena factor lain yang tidak bisa diprediksi sebelumnya. Namun demikian, usia pernikahan yang belum matang menjadi salah satu penyumbang banyaknya pasangan mengalami disharmoni dalam rumah tangga. Bimbingan dan konseling Islam menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengantisipasi disharmoni pernikahan dini yang terlanjur terjadi. Dalam hal ini, KKBPK Kecamatan Proppo memiliki peranan sentral dalam menyusun program untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengacu pada hasil wawancara dan observasi dan dokumentasi pada kegiatan pembimbingan yang dilakukan KKBPK Kecamatan Proppo kepada para remaja yang melakukan praktik pernikahan dini. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bimbingan dan konseling Islam memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam mencegah atau meminimalisir terjadinya disharmoni bagi pelaku pernikahan dini.