bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence and Improvement of Membrane Electrode Assembly Fabrication Methods for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Li Jiazhen , Yuan Shu , Zhao Congfan , Fu Cehuang , Shen Shuiyun , Yin Jiewei , Zhang Junliang
Published: May 2024

The performance of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is crucial for its commercialization. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) preparation process determines the catalyst layer’s (CL) structure, thereby influencing PEMWE performance. Herein, the effects of conventional preparation methods, i.e., direct spray deposition and decal transfer, on the CL were investigated. It was found that the MEA prepared via the decal process exhibits lower activation and Ohmic overpotential. For decal transfer CL, this is due to the improved electrochemically active surface area and proton conduction, derived from the improved catalyst-ionomer agglomerates interconnection and CL-membrane interfacial contact. For direct spray deposition CL, the crack and larger pores in CL facilitate its water-gas transport. On this basis, a hierarchical CL was designed in order to combine the advantages of direct spray deposition and decal transfer. As a result, the hierarchical CL shows better performance than both direct spray deposition and decal transfer CL. The Ohmic and mass transfer losses are reduced by 13% and 15% at 4 A cm−2, respectively. This work provides valuable insights for MEA development, crucial for the large-scale application of PEMWE.
Chemerin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by changing mitochondrial structure and function associated with androgen/androgen receptor
Authors: Yin Lijun , Tang Hongtai , Qu Jing , Jia Yi , Zhang Qilong , Wang Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

Decreased chemerin levels affect exercise-induced improvements in glycolipid metabolism in male mice by increasing mitochondrial number and function, which is likely mediated by androgen/androgen receptor expression. This study is the first to report the regulatory mechanism of chemerin in muscle mitochondria.
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Inonotus obliquus Ameliorates Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Downregulating TNF-α and Interleukin-6
Authors: Zhang Jiangsheng , Saeed Ayesha , Hussain Musaddique , Siddique Rida , Xu Hao , Bazmi Rizwan Rashid , Hussain Liaqat , Lv Guiyuan
Published: May 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic and endocrine disorder with multifactorial etiology and complex pathogenesis. These intrinsic physiological changes cause anovulation, infertility, and miscarriage in women and exacerbate their chances of becoming hyperlipidemic and diabetic. Inonotus obliquus has been used traditionally for infertility problems. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Inonotus obliquus (AEIO) in female rats with letrozole-induced PCOS, along with the determination of its possible mechanism. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-coumaric, benzoic acid, quercetin, salicylic acid, and kaempferol. Thirty female albino rats were acquired and divided into two groups (5 + 25) to induce PCOS. Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was used to induce the disease for 7 weeks (25 rats) except for the normal control (5 rats). The disease was confirmed by vaginal smear cytology, weight gain, and endocrinopathy. After disease induction, rats were divided into five groups (five rats in each group; disease control, metformin 20 mg/kg, AEIO 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg). After completion of the study, the animals were euthanized under the influence of anesthesia (chloroform). Ovaries were removed for histopathology, the liver was evaluated for oxidative stress biomarkers, and blood samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. Ovarian histopathology showed an abnormal architecture with cystic follicles and abnormal granulosa cells. Interestingly, treatment with AEIO restored normal ovarian histology with primary, growing, and developing follicles. After conducting a hormonal analysis, it was found that the induction of PCOS led to a significant increase (p < 0.001) in luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin, and testosterone levels, while the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased. However, treatment with AEIO at doses of 100–500 mg/kg restored these levels to normal. PCOS induction also resulted in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by significantly decreasing antioxidant enzymatic markers (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and increasing levels of lipid peroxidation enzymatic markers (MDA). AEIO restored the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). In conclusion, antioxidant phytochemicals (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-coumaric, benzoic acid, quercetin, salicylic acid, and kaempferol) rich extract alleviated PCOS symptomatology through modulating oxidative stress markers and eliminating ovarian low-grade inflammation by downregulating the expression of NF-κB associated TNF-α and IL-6.
Inclusion and Neighborhood on a Multivalent q-Symmetric Function with Poisson Distribution Operators
Authors: Amini Ebrahim , Al-Omari Shrideh , Suthar Dayalal
Published: May 2024

In this paper, by using Poisson distribution probability, some characteristics of analytic multivalent q-symmetric starlike and q-symmetric convex functions of order η are examined. Then, by utilizing the Poisson distribution and the concept of the q-analogue Salagean integral operator, the p-valent convergence polynomial was introduced. Furthermore, a number of subclasses of analytic symmetric p-valent functions linked to novel polynomials are also deduced. After that, specific coefficient constraints are determined and symmetric δ,q-neighborhoods for p-valent functions are defined. In relation to symmetric δ,q-neighborhoods of q-symmetric p-valent functions formed by Poisson distributions, this paper presents new inclusion results. In addition, a detailed discussion of certain q-symmetric inequalities of analytic functions with negative coefficients is also provided.
Comparison of Heart Rate Variability in Thai Older Adults with Hypertension, Pre-Hypertension, and Normotension
Authors: Sri-Amad Ruchada , Huipao Nawiya , Sriwannawit Porraporn , Prasertsri Piyapong , Roengrit Thapanee
Published: May 2024

Objectives. This study aims to compare HRV variables across three cohorts: normotensive (NT), prehypertensive (pre-HT), and hypertensive (HT) and to assess the relationship between the blood pressure (BP) and HRV parameters. Methods. Employing a cross-sectional design, 64 older participants were categorized based on the Joint National Committee’s criteria into NT (n = 10), pre-HT (n = 33), and HT (n = 21) groups. Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, and HRV indices were evaluated. HRV data were obtained from the Polar V800 chest strap device using HRV Kubios software for data analysis of short-term recordings lasting 10 minutes. This analysis encompasses both time and frequency domain assessments. The time domain includes the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), and the percentage of successive RR intervals differing by over 50 ms (pNN50). The frequency domain includes low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and the ratio of LF-to-HF power (LF/HF). Data were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. Results. The HT group exhibited significantly lower values in SDNN, pNN50, LF power, and HF power in comparison to the NT group (P<0.05). Moreover, the HT group had a significantly lower SDNN value compared to the pre-HT group (P<0.05). Inverse associations were uncovered between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and SDNN, pNN50, and HF power (P<0.05). Multiple regression further highlighted the significance of systolic and pulse pressure concerning HF power (P<0.05). Conclusions. HRV indices are reduced in Thai older adults with HT compared with those with NT. Monitoring HRV in older adults can provide valuable insights into autonomic function and cardiovascular disease risk.
The Mechanism of “Treating Different Diseases with the Same Treatment” by Qiangji Jianpi Decoction in Ankylosing Spondylitis Combined with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multiple Methods
Authors: Zhang Xuhong , Zhou Lamei , Qian Xian
Published: May 2024

Background. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prevalent autoimmune disorders that often co‐occur, posing significant treatment challenges. This investigation adopts a multidisciplinary strategy, integrating bioinformatics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and Mendelian randomization, to elucidate the relationship between AS and IBD and to investigate the potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine formulations, represented by Qiangji Jianpi (QJJP) decoction, in treating these comorbid conditions. Methods. We utilized databases to pinpoint common targets among AS, IBD, and QJJP decoction’s active compounds through intersection analysis. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, we mapped a network in Cytoscape, isolating critical targets. Molecular docking with AutoDock validated the affinity between targets and compounds. ROC analysis and dataset validation assessed diagnostic performance, while Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) offered pathway insights. Mendelian randomization explored the AS‐IBD causal relationship. Results. Screening identified 105 targets for QJJP decoction, 414 for AS, and 2420 for IBD, with 85 overlapping. These targets predominantly participate in organismal responses and DNA transcription factor binding, with a significant cellular presence in the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicle lumen. Molecular docking, facilitated by Cytoscape, confirmed IL1A, IFNG, TGFB1, and EDN1 as critical targets, with IFNG demonstrating diagnostic potential through GEO dataset validation. The integration of GSEA with network pharmacology highlighted the therapeutic significance of the relaxin, osteoclast differentiation, HIF‐1, and AGE‐RAGE signaling pathways in QJJP decoction’s action. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a positive causal relationship between IBD and AS, pinpointing rs2193041 as a key SNP influencing IFNG. Conclusion. Based on the principle of “treating different diseases with the same method” in traditional Chinese medicine theory, we explored the intricate mechanisms through which QJJP decoction addresses AS and IBD comorbidity. Our research spotlighted the pivotal role of the IFNG gene. IFNG emerges not only as a key therapeutic target but also assumes significance as a potential diagnostic biomarker through its genetic underpinnings. This investigation establishes a solid base for subsequent experimental inquiries. Our findings introduce novel approaches for incorporating traditional Chinese medicine into the treatment of AS‐IBD comorbidity, setting the stage for groundbreaking research directions.
FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: May 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, primarily due to its rapid progression. The current treatment options for PDAC are limited, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for PDAC progression is required to identify improved therapeutic strategies. In this study, we identified FBXO32 as an oncogenic driver in PDAC. FBXO32 was aberrantly upregulated in PDAC, and high FBXO32 expression was significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with PDAC. FRG1 deficiency promoted FBXO32 upregulation in PDAC. FBXO32 promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, FBXO32 directly interacted with eEF1A1 and promoted its polyubiquitination at the K273 site, leading to enhanced activity of eEF1A1 and increased protein synthesis in PDAC cells. Moreover, FBXO32-catalyzed eEF1A1 ubiquitination boosted the translation of ITGB5 mRNA and activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, thereby facilitating focal adhesion assembly and driving PDAC progression. Importantly, interfering with the FBXO32–eEF1A1 axis or pharmaceutical inhibition of FAK by defactinib, an FDA-approved FAK inhibitor, substantially inhibited PDAC growth and metastasis driven by aberrantly activated FBXO32–eEF1A1 signaling. Overall, this study uncovers a mechanism by which PDAC cells rely on FBXO32-mediated eEF1A1 activation to drive progression and metastasis. FBXO32 may serve as a promising biomarker for selecting eligible patients with PDAC for treatment with defactinib.

Significance: FBXO32 upregulation in pancreatic cancer induced by FRG1 deficiency increases eEF1A1 activity to promote ITGB5 translation and stimulate FAK signaling, driving cancer progression and sensitizing tumors to the FAK inhibitor defactinib.
Evidence of Decreased Long-term Risk of Cervical Precancer after Negative Primary HPV Screens Compared with Negative Cytology Screens in a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Gottschlich Anna , Hong Quan , Gondara Lovedeep , Alam Md S. , Cook Darrel A. , Martin Ruth E. , Lee Marette , Melnikow Joy , Peacock Stuart , Proctor Lily , Stuart Gavin , Franco Eduardo L. , Krajden Mel , Smith Laurie W. , Ogilvie Gina S.
Published: May 2024

Background:

The growing use of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer screening requires determining appropriate screening intervals to avoid overtreatment of transient disease. This study examined the long-term risk of cervical precancer after HPV screening to inform screening interval recommendations.

Methods:

This longitudinal cohort study (British Columbia, Canada, 2008 to 2022) recruited women and individuals with a cervix who received 1 to 2 negative HPV screens (HPV1 cohort, N = 5,546; HPV2 cohort, N = 6,624) during a randomized trial and women and individuals with a cervix with 1 to 2 normal cytology results (BCS1 cohort, N = 782,297; BCS2 cohort, N = 673,778) extracted from the provincial screening registry. All participants were followed through the registry for 14 years. Long-term risk of cervical precancer or worse [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+)] was compared between HPV and cytology cohorts.

Results:

Cumulative risks of CIN2+ were 3.2/1,000 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–4.7] in HPV1 and 2.7/1,000 (95% CI, 1.2–4.2) in HPV2 after 8 years. This was comparable with the risk in the cytology cohorts after 3 years [BCS1: 3.3/1,000 (95% CI, 3.1–3.4); BCS2: 2.5/1,000 (95% CI, 2.4–2.6)]. The cumulative risk of CIN2+ after 10 years was low in the HPV cohorts [HPV1: 4.7/1,000 (95% CI, 2.6–6.7); HPV2: 3.9 (95% CI, 1.1–6.6)].

Conclusions:

Risk of CIN2+ 8 years after a negative screen in the HPV cohorts was comparable with risk after 3 years in the cytology cohorts (the benchmark for acceptable risk).

Impact:

These findings suggest that primary HPV screening intervals could be extended beyond the current 5-year recommendation, potentially reducing barriers to screening.
Mapping the Single-Cell Differentiation Landscape of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Truong Danh D. , Weistuch Corey , Murgas Kevin A. , Admane Prasad , King Bridgette L. , Chauviere Lee Jes , Lamhamedi-Cherradi Salah-E. , Swaminathan Jyothishmathi , Daw Najat C. , Gordon Nancy , Gopalakrishnan Vidya , Gorlick Richard G. , Somaiah Neeta , Deasy Joseph O. , Mikos Antonios G. , Tannenbaum Allen , Ludwig Joseph
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The genetic intratumoral heterogeneity observed in human osteosarcomas poses challenges for drug development and the study of cell fate, plasticity, and differentiation, which are processes linked to tumor grade, cell metastasis, and survival.

Experimental Design:

To pinpoint errors in osteosarcoma differentiation, we transcriptionally profiled 31,527 cells from a tissue-engineered model that directs mesenchymal stem cells toward adipogenic and osteoblastic fates. Incorporating preexisting chondrocyte data, we applied trajectory analysis and non-negative matrix factorization to generate the first human mesenchymal differentiation atlas.

Results:

This “roadmap” served as a reference to delineate the cellular composition of morphologically complex osteosarcoma tumors and quantify each cell’s lineage commitment. Projecting a bulk RNA-sequencing osteosarcoma dataset onto this roadmap unveiled a correlation between a stem-like transcriptomic phenotype and poorer survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

Our study quantifies osteosarcoma differentiation and lineage, a prerequisite to better understanding lineage-specific differentiation bottlenecks that might someday be targeted therapeutically.
RMND1 Mutation Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bayrak Harun , Sezer Abdullah , Kılıç Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Mutations in the RMND1 gene that cause defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain result in a highly variable phenotypic presentation. The protein required for meiotic nuclear division 1 homolog (RMND1) is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is encoded by the nuclear genome. Case Presentation: We report a new patient from a consanguineous family who was severely affected by a previously described combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 11 and was treated rapidly due to early diagnosis. Methods: We also included patients with RMND1 mutation in the literature. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and genetic data of a total of 49 patients (98 alleles) in the literature, including our patient. We summarized all previously published patients and focused on the importance of early diagnosis. Results: The most common variant in patients with RMND1 mutation was c.713A>G (p.Asn238Ser). Mortality was significantly lower in patients with homozygous and compound heterozygous c.713A>G (p.Asn238Ser) mutations (p < 0.001). The second most common mutation was c1349G>C (p.*450Serext*31), which was reported in 11 patients (22.4%). Cardiac involvement and mortality were more common in patients with homozygous c.1349G>C (p.*450Serext*32) mutation (p = 0.008 and 0.008, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, the effect of cardiac involvement on mortality in RMND1 mutation was shown for the first time. We reported that mortality was lower in the c.713A>G (p.Asn238Ser) mutation. Furthermore, mortality was more common in the c.1349G>C (p.*450Serext*32) mutation. These findings have not been previously reported in the literature. They are reported for the first time in this study.
Percepção dos estudantes de graduação em medicina sobre o uso de práticas integrativas e complementares
Authors: Pereira Letícia de Alcântara , Piasecki Victória Prochmann , Czepula Alexandra , Santos Hudson Prestes dos
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O crescente uso de métodos não convencionais que proporcionam um cuidado holístico do paciente é um fenômeno global. Dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) revelam que cerca de 80% da população dos países em desenvolvimento faz uso de Medicina Tradicional e Complementar (CAM). No Brasil muitas destas práticas são reconhecidas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) como parte integrante do plano terapêutico de condições diversas. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, 29 delas são oficializadas e passíveis de serem disponibilizadas à população. Tais fatos demonstram a importância dos acadêmicos do curso de graduação em Medicina serem qualificados no tema, objetivando a capacidade de garantir a assistência integral aos seus futuros pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento dos estudantes do curso de graduação em Medicina de uma faculdade particular de Curitiba/PR sobre o uso de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares na área de saúde e conhecer a percepção pessoal destes sobre a importância da abordagem do tema na graduação. Método: Estudo de natureza quantitativa de cunho descritivo realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado via Google Formulários com estudantes do curso de graduação em Medicina de uma instituição particular de ensino superior de Curitiba/PR. Resultados: Foram obtidas 212 respostas, nas quais observou-se que os estudantes consideram seu conhecimento sobre as terapias complementares insuficiente, uma vez que somente 2% dos participantes julgaram-se capazes de orientar seus futuros pacientes em relação ao uso de terapias alternativas. Entretanto, 93,4% deles demonstram interesse em aprender formalmente sobre o tema. Conclusão: É essencial que o médico generalista tenha conhecimentos básicos sobre as modalidades alternativas de tratamentos, tanto para desenvolver uma relação médico-paciente humanizada, quanto para garantir a segurança nas suas decisões terapêuticas. Ao adquirir informações científicas e identificar possíveis efeitos colaterais e interações medicamentosas dessas terapias, a assistência médica se torna mais qualificada e integral.
Anemia ferropriva: aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos
Authors: Teixeira André Luiz Gomes , Morais Melissa Grazielle , Reis Stéfany dos , Braga Yasmim Aurora Vilela , Goulart Mirian Oliveira , Perina Keity Cristina Bueno
Published: May 2024

A anemia ferropriva ocorre por deficiência de ferro e é considerada a mais comum das carências nutricionais do mundo. Pode ser desencadeada pela má absorção de ferro, baixa ingestão do mineral e perda sanguínea, acometendo, sobretudo grupos de risco e apresentando seus sintomas característicos. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa em relação aos seus aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos associando a grupos de risco, descrever pontos relevantes da patologia, apresentar exames adotados e descrever métodos terapêuticos para o tratamento. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura em publicações do tipo artigos científicos originais encontradas por meio de bases eletrônicas SciELO, PUBMED, BVS, LILACS, Medline e GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa, publicados entre 2006 e 2020, utilizando critérios para inclusão e exclusão. Foram encontradas 20 publicações, das quais 9, foram incluídas seguindo os critérios supracitados. A anemia ferropriva é considerada um empecilho à saúde pública e mundial, por acometer camadas sociais fragilizadas em países emergentes. Acredita-se que aderir hábitos de vida saudáveis, juntamente com o apoio do Estado, podem melhorar esta problemática e assim diminuir o índice e a prevalência da doença.
O vídeo e o encontro etnográfico
Authors: Ferraz Ana Lúcia Marques Camargo , Cunha Edgar Teodoro da , Hikiji Rose Satiko Gitirana
Published: May 2024

Esse artigo propõe a construção de uma reflexão sobre as práticas de utilização do vídeo na pesquisa etnográfica. Os autores partem de contextos de pesquisa bastante diversos, envolvendo interlocutores como índios Bororo, trabalhadores em autogestão e jovens estudantes de música em um projeto social. O que os aproxima é uma coincidência metodológica: a proposta da apropriação do audiovisual pelos sujeitos pesquisados como meio de expressão e comunicação. No artigo, os autores buscam sistematizar algumas questões de método suscitadas nas “oficinas de vídeo”, marcadas pela abertura de diferentes possibilidades de interação com o grupo, de cognição e de comunicação. A produção audiovisual é analisada como agenciadora de performances, de reflexividade e de sensibilidades
Virtual Position Guided Strategy for Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms on Multimodal Problems
Authors: Li Chao , Sun Jun , Li Li-Wei , Shan Min , Palade Vasile , Wu Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

Premature convergence is a thorny problem for particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, especially on multimodal problems, where maintaining swarm diversity is crucial. However, most enhancement strategies for PSO, including the existing diversity-guided strategies, have not fully addressed this issue. This paper proposes the virtual position guided (VPG) strategy for PSO algorithms. The VPG strategy calculates diversity values for two different populations and establishes a diversity baseline. It then dynamically guides the algorithm to conduct different search behaviors, through three phases—divergence, normal, and acceleration—in each iteration, based on the relationships among these diversity values and the baseline. Collectively, these phases orchestrate different schemes to balance exploration and exploitation, collaboratively steering the algorithm away from local optima and towards enhanced solution quality. The introduction of “virtual position” caters to the strategy's adaptability across various PSO algorithms, ensuring the generality and effectiveness of the proposed VPG strategy. With a single hyperparameter and a recommended usual setup, VPG is easy to implement. The experimental results demonstrate that the VPG strategy is superior to several canonical and the state-of-the-art strategies for diversity guidance, and is effective in improving the search performance of most PSO algorithms on multimodal problems of various dimensionalities.
First-Person Experience in Virtual Reality Sport Advertisements: Transportation of Embodied Empathy
Authors: Uhm Jun-Phil , Lee Hyun-Woo , Kim Sanghoon , Han Jin-Wook
Published: May 2024

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a powerful marketing tool by eliciting novel and enjoyable consumer experiences. To help shape the future of sport advertisements and influence consumers' purchasing decisions, this study aims to investigate the effects of sport advertisements implemented with VR. Drawing on embodiment theory and transportation theory, we (1) conceptualized embodied empathy according to VR context and (2) examined a model involving psychological processes of embodied empathy, a sense of presence, and attitudes. The results showed that the effect of embodied empathy on consumers' attitude toward brand is mediated by a sense of presence and the attitude toward the advertisement, in a causal sequence. This study contributes in several ways to our understanding of VR in sport advertisements and suggests important practical implications.
Bryophyte flora of São Tomé and Príncipe: an update of the Lejeuneaceae family
Authors: COSTA DENISE PINHEIRO , GARCIA CÉSAR AUGUSTO , SÉRGIO CECÍLIA
Published: May 2024

A Lejeuneaceae updated checklist for São Tomé and Príncipe is presented, including 69 species, being 32 taxa endemic, 23 new records to São Tomé and Príncipe, and 10 new records to Africa. This checklist has been carried out, based on the study of ca. 600 samples housed at LISU herbarium collected by the second author in his postdoctoral project, on two field works in 2007 and 2008, and later in 2016. Within the Lejeuneaceae family, 85 species were known from the country and the new reports increased the total number of species in 27% compared with the last publications. Thus the islands can be distinguished due to the high number of the species of the Lejeuneaceae family that represents about 50% of the country liverwort’s flora. These results corroborate that field work and study of herbarium collections bringing new data for the bryophyte diversity of the archipelago.
Another cup of Java—An updated checklist of hornworts and liverworts of Java
Authors: SÖDERSTRÖM LARS , HAGBORG ANDERS , NADHIFAH AINUN , HAERIDA IDA , ISKANDAR EKA A. P. , KONRAT MATT VON
Published: May 2024

This represents an update to the 2010 checklist of all hornworts and liverworts reported for Java. The checklist includes i) new information published since 2010, ii) previously overlooked historical literature as well as iii) corrected unintentional mistakes that were published in 2010. We now report that the hornwort and liverwort flora of Java consists of 608 known and accepted species as well as several invalid names that we can not place to any taxon. The updated checklist includes 35 recorded species that are considered dubious and another 157 species are excluded from the flora of Java.
A new species of Bernardia (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with stellate trichomes from South America
Authors: CARRIÓN JUAN F. , AMORIM ANDRÉ M.
Published: May 2024

Bernardia fluviatilis is described as a new species of Euphorbiaceae from the Upper Paraguay River Basin in central South America. A literature review, examination of herbarium specimens, and fieldwork suggest that the new taxon is most similar to B. argentinensis but differs by its young branches covered by a sparsely sericeous indumentum of simple trichomes, usually shorter staminate peduncles, cymules scattered along the axis of the staminate inflorescence, and staminate flower pedicel usually glabrous. Illustrations, photographs, information about the distribution, habitat, and conservation status of the new species, and a key to the morphologically similar species, are also provided.
Hunting for Bushmeat Threatens the Rich Wildlife of Korup National Park in Cameroon
Authors: Ervis Manfothang , Jerome Niki-Buroro , Félicité Temgoua
Published: May 2024

Studied bushmeat hunting in the southwest (cluster E) of the Korup National Park (KNP) to identify the various poaching methods, quantify bushmeat, and identify the various hunting routes and to elucidate the key factors of poaching within this protected area. To achieve this task, purposeful and random sampling methods were used for the selection of target communities and respondents for questionnaires administration. Socio-economic surveys that included interviews, focus group discussions, guided questionnaires, and biological survey methods were used to estimate the quantity of bush meat harvested, species preferences, different bush meat routes and poaching methods. A total of 2,252 animals has been recorded with the most hunted species in the group of mammals being (pangolin) Phataginus sp. (150), (putty-nosed monkey) Cercopithecus nictitans (111), (great blue turaco) Corythaeola cristata (134), and (dwarf crocodile) Osteolaemus tetraspis (70). The main poaching tools in order of importance were shotguns (36.2%) followed by wire snares (31.7%). The main bush meat route identified was between the southwestern area of KNP and Nigeria through Ekong Anaku village. The main poaching factors were the inadequate source of income generating activities and high demand for bush meat in neighboring Nigeria. In parallel to the socio-economic benefits of this sector and its impact on rural population, the sustainable management of these threats in this area needs to be managed so as to guarantee the food security of local populations. For this, the successful monitoring and management of bushmeat extraction and trade in this park is to necessitate a collaboration approach with Cross River National Park to ensure a full control. It also requires the development of the alternatives sources of income to communities around the park.
Calculations of Stopping Power, Straggling and Range Projected of FeKr+
Authors: Farjallah Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The present work consists of the simulation of the interaction of a beam of Kr+ ions with a solid iron target by the software SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions In Matter). Our goal is to calculate different parameters related to sputtering and ion implantation in a target, such as the spatial distribution of implanted ions, the distributions of electronic and nuclear energy losses as a function of penetration depth and sputtering efficiency, as well as the damage created inside the target. The sputter induced photon spectroscopy technique was used to study the luminescence spectra of the species sputtered from Iron powder, during 5 keV Kr+ ions bombardment in vacuum better than 107 torr. The optical spectra recorded between 350 and 470 nm exhibit discrete lines which are attributed to neutral excited atoms of Iron (Fe). The experiments are also performed under 105 torr ultra-pure oxygen partial pressure. To ensure the maximum efficiency of molecular modification process, energy of irradiation was decided by using of SRIM software. Based on SRIM simulation of Iron ions interaction with Krypton, the areas on which effect of high energy ions will maximum were predicted. A comparative analysis of molecular before and after irradiation was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The maximum change in Krypton morphology, in the form of destruction of walls, was appeared at a distance of about μm from the start point of Fe+ ions track inside the molecular. A substantiation of reason of wall degradation in this area was proposed.
Ascending Aortic Stiffness Analysis Using Tissue Doppler Imaging for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Suspected Stable Angina: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Ling , Chen XiangYu , Yang Feng
Published: May 2024

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and arterial stiffening may coexist. Stable angina pectoris (SAP) is one of the common types of CAD. However, the association between SAP and aortic stiffness metrics remains poorly understood. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) measurement of ascending aorta motion velocity may be used to employed to assess the elastic properties of the great arteries. We hypothesized that non-CAD individuals may exhibit higher. TDI velocities in the ascending aorta. Aim: To explore the correlation between ascending aortic stiffness and SAP using parameters derived from two-dimensional and TDI echocardiography of the ascending aorta. Methods: This study comprised 118 patients with clinically suspected SAP. Two-dimensional echocardiography, TDI, electrocardiogram (ECG), and coronary angiography (CAG) were performed on all patients. Patients with coronary lumen area stenosis ≥70% were categorized as having significant CAD (CAD Group n=57) and were compared with patients without significant CAD (non-CAD Group n=61). Using TDI, aortic systolic velocity (SAo), early diastolic velocity (EAo), and late diastolic velocity (AAo) were measured from the anterior wall of the ascending aorta 3 cm above the aortic cusps in the parasternal long-axis view. Aortic stiffness index (β), aortic distensibility (D), and pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) were calculated from aortic diameters measured by two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography and blood pressure obtained by sphygmomanometry. Results: SAo was significantly higher in the non-CAD group (11.70 ±1.53 cm/s vs.12.80 ±2.21 cm/s, p < 0.05). EAo and AAo velocities of ascending aorta were similar in control and CAD groups. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) for diagnosing non-CAD, the optimal cut-off value of SAo was ≥13.35 cm/s (sensitivity, 85.96%; specificity, 40.98%; area under curve (AUC)=0.64; P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between SAo velocity and β (r=−0.34, P<0.05), D (r=0.32, P<0.05) and Ep (r =−0.29, P<0.05). Conclusions: Arterial stiffness is lower in patients without significant CAD. Measuring SAo of the anterior ascending aorta using TDI echocardiography has good sensitivity but poor specificity in patients without significant coronary artery stenosis in SAP.
Thermodynamic Pathways of Vertical Wind Shear Impacting Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change: Energetics and Lagrangian Analysis
Authors: Liu Zi-Qi , Tan Zhe-Min
Published: May 2024

This study analyzes the variations in the thermodynamic cycle and energy of a tropical cyclone (TC) under the influence of vertical wind shear (VWS), exploring the possible thermodynamic pathways through which VWS affects TC intensity. The maximum energy harnessed by the TC diminishes alongside a decrease in storm intensity in the presence of VWS. In the sheared TC, the ascending branch of the thermodynamic cycles of TC shifts toward lower entropy, which is related to the reduction in entropy in the eyewall and/or the increase in entropy and enhanced upward motion outside the eyewall. Moreover, the descending leg shifts toward higher entropy due to the increase in entropy and weakening of downward motion in both the ambient environment and the upper troposphere. These changes in the ascending and descending branches could reduce the work done by the heat engine cycle, with the former playing a primary role in the presence of VWS. Given that the ascending branch is influenced by the eyewall and the rainbands outside the eyewall under VWS, the thermodynamic pathways could be categorized into inner ventilation and outer ventilation based on the location of their roles. The pathways associated with inner ventilation primarily reduce the entropy in the eyewall. In addition to the conventional low- and midlevel ventilation, the inner ventilation also encompasses new pathways entering the midlevel eyewall after descending from the upper level and ascending from the boundary layer. Conversely, the pathways of outer ventilation are related to the increase in the entropy outside the eyewall. These include the ascent of high-entropy air to the middle and upper troposphere related to the inner and outer rainbands, the outward advection of high-entropy air from the eyewall in the midlevel and upper level, and air warming by the descending draft from the upper- to midlevel troposphere. These insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of the sophisticated interactions within TCs and their response to VWS.

Significance Statement

Vertical wind shear (VWS) is known to modify the thermodynamic structure of tropical cyclones (TCs), thereby affecting their development. The incorporation of multiple thermodynamic mechanisms amplifies the complexity of related studies and predictions. Within the context of a unified heat engine framework, this study aims to paint a relatively comprehensive picture of the key thermodynamic pathways through which VWS impacts the intensity of TCs. Contrary to previous studies, we emphasize the increase in entropy and the intensified upward motion outside the eyewall, which play pivotal roles in diminishing the intensity of TCs in the presence of VWS. Gaining an understanding of these critical mechanisms and structural changes offers insights and guidance that can enhance the prediction of sheared TCs.
Thermodynamical Effects of Ocean Current Feedback in a Quasigeostrophic Coupled Model
Authors: Jamet Quentin , Berger Alexandre , Deremble Bruno , Penduff Thierry
Published: May 2024

Air–sea fluxes are the main drivers of ocean circulation, yet their representation in ocean-only models remains challenging. While a zeroth-order formulation accounting only for the state of the atmosphere is well adopted by the community, surface ocean feedback has gained attention over the last decades. In this paper, we focus on thermodynamical indirect feedback of surface ocean currents, which completes the “eddy killing” effect induced by the mechanical feedback. In this study, we quantify both the mechanical and thermodynamical contributions in the context of idealized, coupled quasigeostrophic simulations through sensitivity experiments on wind stress formulation. As compared to eddy killing which impacts kinetic energy levels, the indirect thermodynamical feedback induces significant changes in potential energy levels. The thermodynamical feedback also enhances by +27% the potential-to-kinetic turbulent energy conversion induced by relative wind stress formulation, as well as significant changes in both forward and inverse cascades of potential energy (PE). That is, accounting for ocean surface currents in the computation of wind stress significantly changes transfers of PE from the mean to the turbulent flow. These changes are mostly controlled by a reduced upscale energy flux rather than a more vigorous downscale flux, a process in line with results obtained for kinetic energy fluxes associated with the eddy killing effect.
The FAITHS2 Model Predicts Functional Disability in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Meng , Han Ying , Zhou Qi , Wang Chun-Juan , Meng Xia , Jiang Yong , Yang Xin , Zhang Jing , Xiong Yun-Yun , Zhao Xing-Quan , Liu Li-Ping , Wang Yi-Long , Wang Yong-Jun , Gu Hong-Qiu , Li Zi-Xiao
Published: May 2024

The present study aimed to develop a model to predict functional disability at 3 months in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) ( n = 5,406). The primary outcome was functional disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] >2) at 3 months. A prediction model including blood biomarkers was developed based on a multivariable logistic regression model, which was internally validated by the 100-time bootstrap method. A nomogram and a web-based calculator were developed for usage in clinical practice. At 3 months, 11% (638/5,406) of the patients had functional disability. Seven independent predictors of functional disability at 3 months were incorporated into the FAITHS2 model (fasting plasma glucose, age, interleukin-6, stroke history, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] at admission, sex, and systolic blood pressure). The Area Under Curves (AUCs) were 0.814 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.796–0.832) and 0.808 (95% CI 0.806–0.810), and the Brier scores were 0.088 ± 0.214 and 0.089 ± 0.003 for the derivation cohort and internal validation, respectively, showing optimal performance of the model. The FAITHS2 model has excellent potential to be a dependable application for individualized clinical decision making.
H-Aggregation of Squaraine Dye as Generic Colorimetric Molecules to Detect Cu2+
Authors: Yu Lijia , Liu Xi , Zhao Shuhua , Zhu Wenxuan , Wu Lina , Ding Chunguang
Published: May 2024

An infrared squaraine dye was utilized to detect Cu2+ in solvents based on H-aggregates of squaraine dye. H-aggregates are a type of aggregation with enhanced photophysical properties compared to monomers. In the presence of a Ca2+ solution, F–Cl offers exceptional H-aggregators that can be transformed into monomers by adding Cu2+. Furthermore, this mode successfully demonstrated fluorescence changes in HeLa cells cultured in vitro after the addition of Ca2+ or Cu2+. A highly specific detection of Cu2+ was achieved using this transformation mode.
Differentiating Nylon Samples with Visually Indistinguishable Fluorescence Using Principal Component Analysis and Common Dimension Partial Least Squares Linear Discriminant Analysis with Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Froelich Noah M. , Azcarate Silvana M. , Goicoechea Héctor C. , Campiglia Andrés D.
Published: May 2024

Fluorescence spectroscopy is an attractive candidate for analyzing samples of nylon. Impurities within the polymers formed during the synthesis and processing of nylons give rise to the observed fluorescence, allowing for nylons to be analyzed based on their impurities. Nylons from the same source are expected to display similar fluorescence profiles, and nylons with different fluorescence are expected to be from different sources. This paper investigates an important case where different nylons displayed similar fluorescence, preventing easy discrimination. Samples of Nylon 6 and Nylon 6/12 had visually indistinguishable excitation–emission matrices (EEM), excitation spectra, fluorescence spectra, and synchronous fluorescence spectra at larger Δλ. By collecting synchronous fluorescence spectra at smaller Δλ, additional features in the fluorescence profiles were identified that allowed for some discrimination between the two nylons. Combining the EEM and synchronous fluorescence data with chemometric algorithms provided a clearer differentiation between the two nylons. parallel factor analysis, principal component analysis, and common dimension partial least squares (ComDim-PLS) showed two distinct clusters in the data, with ComDim-PLS providing the greatest distinction between the clusters. The loadings revealed the variables of interest to the ComDim-PLS were the 400 nm and 335 nm bands for all synchronous fluorescence spectra, the 460 nm and 310 nm bands for the Δλ = 20 nm and Δλ = 30 nm synchronous fluorescence spectra, and the 440 nm band for the Δλ = 20 nm synchronous fluorescence spectra. The linear discriminant analysis performed with the PLS data yielded a classification accuracy of 95% with the EEM data and 100% with the synchronous fluorescence data, displaying the power of this technique to differentiate two different nylons with visually indistinguishable fluorescence spectra.
Exchange Rate Models and the Management of Forex Losses in Ghana: Modelling Exchange Rate Volatilities for Businesses
Authors: Abdul-Rahaman Abdul-Rashid , Martha Coleman , Ayamba Emmanuel Caesar
Published: May 2024

Using the Self-exciting Threshold Autoregressive Model (SETAR_M) and linear models such as the vector error correction model (VECM), and univariate models, this article specifies forecasting models for exchange rate volatilities in Ghana and compares their forecasts accuracy using Diebold–Mariano and Pesaran-Timmermann tests statistics. The relevance of this research is to equip business owners and businesses on managing forex losses and to reduce their impact on profits, productivity and employment in high volatile and unstable currency environments. The research concludes that the non-linear SETAR model is superior to the linear models in predicting short-term volatilities in exchange rates, while the fundamentally based linear model is superior for predicting long-term volatility in exchange rates. Therefore, short-term business commitments or transactions such as raw material purchases, cash expenses or incomes in foreign currencies should be planned or managed using SETAR or a non-linear model, whereas long-term contractual obligations like futures and forward contracts should be planned with a fundamentally based multivariate linear model.
A novel calibration method for portable X-ray fluorescence analysis of printed circuit boards
Authors: Jandric Aleksander , Zafiu Christian , Hermann Gerrit , Salhofer Stefan
Published: May 2024

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the most complex and valuable component of electronic devices, but only 34% of them are recycled in an environmentally sound manner. Improving the recycling rate and efficiency requires a fast, reliable and uncostly analytical method. Although the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) shows high potential, it is often unreliable. In this study, we propose a novel XRF methodology for the elemental analysis of PCBs, using the certified reference material (CRM) to decrease uncertainty and enhance accuracy. The results show significant improvement in robustness and accuracy of portable XRF(pXRF) analyses for elements Cu, Pb, Ni, As and Au, with a relative average inaccuracy of approximately 5% compared to referenced values. The methodology validation carried out by comparing pXRF and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy analyses of personal computer motherboard samples shows no statistically significant difference for elements Cu, Cr and Ag. The study shows that the calibration of pXRF by CRMs enables the necessary analysis of PCBs in an efficient and reliable manner and could be also be applied to different types of PCBs and other electronic components, batteries or contaminated soil samples.