bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Activation in Motor and Language Areas Suggest a Compensatory Role of the Motor Cortex in Second Language Processing
Authors: Tian Lili , Chen Hongjun , Heikkinen Pyry Petteri , Liu Wenya , Parviainen Tiina
Published: November 2022

The involvement of the motor cortex in language understanding has been intensively discussed in the framework of embodied cognition. Although some studies have provided evidence for the involvement of the motor cortex in different receptive language tasks, the role that it plays in language perception and understanding is still unclear. In the present study, we explored the degree of involvement of language and motor areas in a visually presented sentence comprehension task, modulated by language proficiency (L1: native language, L2: second language) and linguistic abstractness (literal, metaphorical, and abstract). Magnetoencephalography data were recorded from 26 late Chinese learners of English. A cluster-based permutation F test was performed on the amplitude of the source waveform for each motor and language region of interest (ROI). Results showed a significant effect of language proficiency in both language and motor ROIs, manifested as overall greater involvement of language ROIs (short insular gyri and planum polare of the superior temporal gyrus) in the L1 than the L2 during 300–500 ms, and overall greater involvement of motor ROI (central sulcus) in the L2 than the L1 during 600–800 ms. We interpreted the over-recruitment of the motor area in the L2 as a higher demand for cognitive resources to compensate for the inadequate engagement of the language network. In general, our results indicate a compensatory role of the motor cortex in L2 understanding.
Making Sense of ‘Homemaking’ in the Diaspora
Authors: Sengupta Roshni
Published: November 2022

Diaspora groups across the world have been known for adopting and inventing processes and forms of ‘homemaking’ in their host lands. This article brings into focus the methods of homemaking assumed by the Indo-Surinamese Hindustani diaspora in the Netherlands, which owes its origin to colonial dispersal. Considering their status as a ‘twice-migrant’ diaspora, the process may appear to be distinctly difficult for the Hindustanis, a position this article seeks to examine. The article interrogates the notion of homemaking in the case of the Hindustanis through ethnographic conversational interviews of Indo-Surinamese interlocutors—a unique perspective based on personal histories and everyday experiences.
Understanding Turkey’s Long Debate on Extending Voting Rights to External Residents through Parliamentary Minutes
Authors: Anaz Necati , Kose Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Extending voting rights to citizens living abroad has been one of the longest debated subjects in the Turkish Parliament, even more persistent than is generally assumed in academic and political circles. In this study, we aim to understand how Turkish political decision-makers conceived Turkey’s external residents’ right to vote from abroad and the rationalisations and conjectures put forward by parliamentarians during different political times. For this purpose, we traced parliamentary minutes back from the beginning of Turkey’s two party-system to the present. We found that two channels of demand for change existed: pressure from citizens living overseas and individual parliamentarians who had connections with residents abroad. We also noticed that opposition parties’ agenda towards the Turkish diaspora’s right to vote differed when they took control of the government. Additionally, we found that coups d’état and the established bureaucracy in Turkey resisted the diaspora’s right to participate in national elections.
The Super Foul Apostles: Sexual Impropriety, Disgust, and Stinky Affective Histories in 2 Cor. 11:2–4
Authors: Gunderson Jaimie
Published: November 2022

This article explores the affective textures of Paul’s construction of his apostolic “opponents” in the paternal and erotic metaphor of 2 Corinthians 11:2–4. Building on insights from affect theory and studies in the cultural history of emotions, I examine the ways that Paul’s polemic thrives on a representation of reality predicated on affective and sensory stimuli, namely the odor of disgust. I suggest that Paul maligns the bodies of the other apostles as grotesque and morally repugnant, indexing them in a disgust-centered physiology overflowing with olfactory associations prevalent across the ancient world. Moving beyond a language-bound analysis of Paul’s polemic, this study demonstrates that Paul’s letters are potent with affect and visceral immediacy.
Response: The Blur of Letters, the Residue of Reception
Authors: Kotrosits Maia
Published: November 2022

This short piece offers a reflection, in light of the papers preceding it, on how we might engage some of the epistemological provocations associated with affect to reconceptualize letters and “reception” (the receiving of letters, the ongoing life of other kinds of texts). Drawing especially from Michal Beth Dinkler’s notion of “epistolary embodiment,” and putting it in conversation with Fred Moten’s description of “blur” in Black sociality and Erin Manning’s (related) understanding of infrathin moments of perception, this piece proposes that semantic meaning is only one part of the way we make sense of letters, and texts at large.
Identification and functional characterization of WNT5 in the ovarian maturation of Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950) (Caridea, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Lai Xiao F. , Shi Ting T. , Chen Hao , Shen Shan R. , Gao Huan , Wu Ge T.
Published: November 2022

The Wnt family, the ligand of the Wnt signal pathway, is highly conserved and plays an important role in various cellular processes including reproduction and development. In this study, wnt5 was cloned from the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda (Ec-wnt5) and its function in ovarian maturation was investigated. The results showed that the Ec-wnt5 cDNA was 2422 bp, including an ORF with 1116 bp encoding a polypeptide with 371 amino acids. Ec-WNT5 had the highest homology with WNT5 from Penaeus vannamei (93.1%). Ec-wnt5 was expressed in 9 tissues with the most expression in ovary and increased significantly () along with ovarian maturation, while decreased significantly () with vitellogenin and cathepsin L in E. carinicauda ovary post Ec-wnt5 RNA interference. All gonadosmatic indices of the RNAi group were significantly lower than those of the control (). The results suggest that Ec-WNT5 might be the key member of the Wnt family involved in ovarian maturation.
On Bread and National Ruin
Authors: Schlachet Joshua
Published: November 2022

This article explores a reactionary, and ultimately failed, medical dietary movement that sought to counter the influence of Western nutritional sciences at the turn of the twentieth century. Its supporters looked to the early modern past to create a vision of traditional Japanese foodways based on whole grains, unpolished rice, and locally grown vegetables, a nutritional regimen they called cerealism. In articulating a Japanese national diet, cerealism offered a new promise to not only recapture Japan’s food culture but its national subjectivity by envisioning native eating habits that could build both superior physique and quality of character. The intrusion of the Western staples of bread and meat, supporters feared, could cause the downfall of the Japanese nation on bodily, spiritual, and economic grounds. Cerealism thus sought to upend the universal claims of Western medical science by posing a simple question: Was there such a thing as Japanese nutrition?
The Operation of Peirce’s Pheme in Narrative Contexts
Authors: West Donna E.
Published: November 2022

Peirce’s Pheme directs interpretation of narratives via a “series of surprises” (ep2:154). The indexical and iconic elements inherent in Phemes are particularly potent in forcing attention and depicting relevant events. Index intrudes upon interpreters’ consciousness to notice the unexpected consequence; but icons exploit vividness. As imperatives, Phemes compel particular behaviors (1906: ms295). When narratives are portrayed in pictures, interpreters remember happenings in which Phemes feature surprising percepts, evoking an attentional response, and securing a confluence of events in memory.

Findings from children’s narrations demonstrate that events represented by Phemes are more often included in children’s retellings, because surprising images command active participation. This viewpoint impels listeners to build episodes, ascribing meanings across events, and proposing rationale for novel outcomes.
Pragmatism about Truth-Makers
Authors: Capps John
Published: November 2022

Truth-makers are the dark matter of metaphysics. On the one hand, truth-makers seem obvious and necessary: if there are truths then there must be something that makes these truths true. On the other hand, it’s proven difficult to say exactly what these truth-makers are. Even defenders disagree about what sort of entity truth-makers are or whether all truths have truth-makers. Skeptics have questioned whether truth-makers are actually so obvious and necessary, or even whether they exist at all. Here I offer an account of this unhappy state of affairs and a modest proposal. First, I argue that not only are there no good arguments for truth-makers but it’s unlikely that there ever will be. Second I point to how much can be done without resorting to truth-makers in the first place: they are not as essential as often assumed. Finally, I conclude that we needn’t jettison the concept of truth-makers entirely. Understood in a modest and pragmatic spirit we can hold on to truth-makers while recognizing their inherent limitations.
Pragmatism and the Pluralism of Paths: Reflections on Voparil’s Reconstructing Pragmatism: Richard Rorty and the Classical Pragmatists
Authors: Shusterman Richard
Published: November 2022

After noting Rorty’s rhetorical use of binary oppositions, which belies important continuities (and which is even reflected in the problem of radically opposing classical pragmatism to neopragmatism), I question the idea that progress in pragmatism must go through engagement with Rorty. I do so by arguing that Rorty failed to treat or outright rejected some important philosophical issues. I consequently challenge the famous model for pragmatist pluralism: the metaphor of a single hotel corridor opening to a plurality of rooms with different people doing or believing different things. My paper also makes a case for the central importance of the aesthetic in Rorty’s philosophy despite his avowed rejection of aesthetics.
Traveling with a Reconstructed Pragmatist Map: A Commentary on Chris Voparil’s Reconstructing Pragmatism
Authors: Dieleman Susan
Published: November 2022

Chris Voparil’s Reconstructed Pragmatism provides an opportunity to reconsider existing debates from a new pragmatist vantage point, one that takes seriously Rorty’s contribution to the tradition. In this commentary, I take advantage of this vantage point to briefly reconsider debates about deliberative democracy, including pragmatist contributions to them. Typically, such debates revolve around either the ethical/political constraints or the epistemic benefits of deliberation. Yet Voparil’s redrawn pragmatist map reconfigures the relationship between the ethical/political and epistemic dimensions of communities engaged in democratic deliberation. I use the vantage point made accessible by Voparil’s map to think about how the ethical/political and epistemic are simultaneously instantiated in the creation and expansion of communities, which suggests many existing attempts to justify or explain democratic deliberation are misguided.
A Trilemma for Voparil
Authors: Donelson Raff
Published: November 2022

This short review raises a trilemma for Chris Voparil’s reading of Richard Rorty. Voparil must deny one of three things. He must deny that Rorty affirmed a Jamesian approach to metaethics; he must deny that Rorty affirmed a version of Peircean realism; or, he must deny that Rorty treated all domains of discourse roughly the same. Because Rorty is quite clear in his commitment to the first and third theses and far less clear in affirming Peircean realism, I argue that Voparil is forced to give up attributing realism to Rorty or must simply concede that his version of Rorty is incoherent.
The Italian Law Authorizing the Creation of an Exclusive Economic Zone
Authors: Cataldi Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

With Law No. 91/2021 Italy authorized the establishment of an exclusive economic zone, an epoch-making change in Italian foreign policy. For decades, the governments of the Peninsula, conditioned by the interests of national fishermen and by the advice of the Navy, have pushed for a limitation of the extension of jurisdiction in the Mediterranean. There is no doubt that in semi-enclosed seas the EEZ regime is more difficult to apply, but by now almost all the coastal States of this sea have declared an EEZ or are preparing to do so. The regime will coincide with the provisions of UNCLOS on the subject. The most delicate problem is undoubtedly that of delimitation. In the past, Italy has negotiated disadvantageous delimitation lines of the continental shelf, which are now being proposed, by the States with which such agreements have been concluded, as “all purposes” delimitation lines. The problem arises for the moment essentially with Tunisia, since in the other cases the agreements are with EU countries, and with Algeria, with which there are no agreements in force but which has declared an EEZ that overlaps with areas potentially subject to Italian (and other countries’) jurisdiction.
The Conservation of Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea through Marine Protected Areas: The Barcelona System Faced with the Expansion of Coastal State Jurisdiction
Authors: Vezzani Simone
Published: November 2022

This paper tackles legal and policy issues concerning Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Mediterranean Sea. Since the 1970s, Mediterranean Countries have been at the forefront in international cooperation for the protection of marine ecosystems: notably, significant results have been achieved through the establishment of a network of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Interest (SPAMIs). After framing the general legal context, the paper examines the specificities of the above network, while at the same time pointing out its weakness when put to the test of facts. Accordingly, some proposals are made for improving the SPAMI system, which include a better allocation of jurisdiction among coastal States in the case of transboundary MPAs. It is argued that in a delicate phase of transition, characterized by the proclamation of EEZs and the ensuing maritime delimitation disputes, the creation of SPAMI may enhance the spirit of cooperation among Mediterranean States with opposite or adjacent coasts and possibly represent an alternative to the definition of a precise maritime boundary. Most notably, the creation of transboundary SPAMIs appears worth further exploration in the context of the negotiations aimed at defining the boundaries of the Italian EEZ.
The Role of International Organizations in the Mediterranean Sea: An Appraisal of the Union for the Mediterranean
Authors: Branca Eleonora
Published: November 2022

The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) is the international entity that brings together all States of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean shores, all Member States of the European Union and the European Union itself. The UfM is currently the only forum where all States of the Mediterranean basin carry out a form of international cooperation to foster economic development and regional integration. It has undergone a significant institutional development since the creation of the Barcelona Process in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership in 1995. Despite its uniqueness, the UfM has received very limited attention by international law scholarship.

The article aims at filling this gap by exploring the historical evolution along with the features and the functions of the UfM. The analysis will be undertaken in the purview of institutional law to verify whether the UfM can be considered an international organization or rather an informal partnership of States. The study will also discuss whether this entity could promote a form of “Mediterranean regionalism” or if the UfM would serve as a mere projection of the interests of the European Union over the Mediterranean Sea.
Italian Legislation in Times of Pandemics and International Law: Exceptionalism, Balancing and Compliance
Authors: Greco Donato
Published: November 2022

This inquiry collects the legislative measures that Italy enacted throughout the course of the pandemic in connection with international law obligations, i.e. either by enforcing, derogating or breaching international law. In this respect, the objective of the analysis is twofold. On the one hand, it is aimed at outlining Italy’s attitude vis-à-vis international law and what role the latter legal system has played within the context of the crisis. On the other hand, it intends to offer a survey tool for comparative legal analysis to those who may wish to review the experience gained and the lessons learned from the pandemic. To this end, this investigation will consider only measures that fall under international health law, international trade law, international investment law and international human rights law as these regimes have been most affected in the last two years.
In silico analysis of optimum photon energy spectra and beam parameters for iodine nanoparticle–aided orthovoltage radiation therapy of brain tumors
Authors: Mesbahi Asghar , Sadeghian Maryam , Mesbahi Aisan , Smilowitz Henry M , Hainfeld James F
Published: November 2022

In this study, the effect of photon energy spectra on the dose enhancement factor (DEF) and other influencing parameters such as skull–tumor dose ratios were estimated for a confined tumor loaded with iodine nanoparticles (INPs). A mathematical brain phantom with a brain tumor was simulated by the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code. A validated commercial computed tomography model consisting of an X-ray tube, Al–Cu filters, and collimators was used to simulate the rotational conformal treatment of the tumor. INPs with a diameter of 20 nm and concentrations of 10–50 mg/g were introduced inside the tumor as homogenously distributed spherical particles. The dose distribution inside the phantom was scored for several orthovoltage beams with the peak voltages of 140, 200, and 320 kVp as well as two 3.5 and 6 MV megavoltage beams. A significant rise of DEF values with nanoparticle (NP) concentration for orthovoltage beams is revealed; no significant dose enhancement was obtained for megavoltage beams. The highest DEF and skull–tumor dose ratio were obtained for the 140 kVp beam which decreased with the number of directional fields. The clinically optimal plan for a brain tumor, with high DEFs of 2.81–2.24 and acceptable skull–tumor dose ratios of 0.61–0.51, would be feasible for treatment using 200 and 320 kVp beams, an iodine concentration of 20 mg/g, and 8–15 fields. Our calculations show that clinically significant radiation dose enhancements can be obtained for tumors loaded with INPs using orthovoltage beams. Optimal treatment regimens are feasible using a proper selection of photon beam spectrum and sufficient numbers of cross-firing beams. The limiting effect of skull bone could be minimized by increasing the number of radiation fields and the use of higher quality of orthovoltage beams.
PWUD Experiences of Criminal Justice Reform: Enduring Tensions Between Policing and Harm Reduction in Baltimore, MD
Authors: Footer Katherine H. A. , Urquhart Glenna J. , Silberzahn Bradley , Rouhani Saba , Weicker Noelle P. , Owczarzak Jill , Park Ju Nyeong , Morris Miles , Sherman Susan G.
Published: November 2022

In this paper we explore people who use drugs (PWUD) perceptions and experiences of drug-related law enforcement in a major U.S. city. Maryland recently implemented several harm reduction policies/interventions aiming to improve PWUD-police relationships, such as the Good Samaritan Law (GSL), intended to avoid criminalizing police encounters with PWUD in cases of overdose. PWUD, though most impacted by these efforts, are seldom included in the decision making process. Data collection occurred in Baltimore City, a majority-Black city with a history of structural racism, where high overdose fatalities necessitate collaborative interventions, but where over-policing and abusive practices have generated widespread community mistrust of police. Between October 2018 and December 2019, we conducted in-depth interviews with 20 PWUD in Baltimore City to understand their perspectives of policing and its impact on harm reduction practices (specifically willingness to seek overdose assistance) in the context of the GSL. PWUD reported ongoing police mistrust, which impacted their harm reduction practices and experiences of laws such as the GSL. Results question whether police, as first responders to overdose, can ever avoid criminalizing the encounter. Findings intend to guide future public health-law enforcement collaboration efforts in the context of the current de-policing debate.
Border countervisuality: smartphone videos of border crossing and migration
Authors: Bayramoğlu Yener
Published: November 2022

This article explores how smartphone videos produced by migrants during border crossings challenge Eurocentric visualizations of borders. Implementing video analysis and iconographic interpretation, I explore three interrelated aspects of the smartphone videos: (1) By circulating videos via digital platforms, migrants create a countervisuality of border crossing that destabilizes the visual politics that shape current border regimes. (2) Unlike journalistic, humanitarian, or surveillance-oriented visual images produced from above, from a safe distance, from rescue or patrol ships, migrants’ smartphone footage puts their own narratives at the center of visualization. (3) Whereas Eurocentric visualizations of migration and borders aim to elicit affects and emotions such as pity, empathy, fear, or panic, migrants’ smartphone videos depict emotions such as joy and happiness after successful border crossings. These affective visualizations of individual migration stories confound binary representations of migrants as either victims or invaders. I argue that the shaky smartphone videos with their wandering focus and disordered mode of vision create a productive vantage point for seeing and sensing a world that is unimaginable for the normative, focused lens that structures views projected by journalism, humanitarian appeals, political mobilization, and surveillance technologies.
Endovascular aortic arch repair: A comparison of outcomes and current trends
Authors: Tan Sven ZCP , Jubouri Matti , Bashir Mohamad
Published: November 2022

Objective

Application of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to the aortic arch has been met with the development of purpose-made endoprostheses for on-label use in the aortic arch. An appraisal of the clinical efficacy of each major device is therefore useful towards informing clinical decision making for patients eligible for endovascular arch repair (EAR) rather than open surgical reconstruction.

Methods

A literature review of publications outlining clinical experience with the RELAY™ Branched and Zenith™ devices was undertaken, and the results therefrom analysed to evaluate the clinical efficacies of each device.

Results

Early- and long-term mortality rates associated with EAR appear favourable, especially compared against open surgical repair. EAR is also associated with good neurological outcomes and target vessel patency rates. However, EAR continues to be associated with substantial reintervention rates.

Conclusions

At the present stage, EAR represents a promising alternative option to open surgical reconstruction in patients that meet its eligibility criteria. Though there remains a substantial learning curve associated with EAR, its favourable outcome profile is likely to increase its applicability in the future.
Myocardial interaction of apixaban after experimental acute volume overload
Authors: Huuskonen Christa , Hämäläinen Mari , Kivikangas Nooa , Paavonen Timo , Moilanen Eeva , Mennander Ari
Published: November 2022

Objective

Acute volume overload (AVO) induces early ischemia-like changes in intramyocardial arteries. We investigated whether the Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor apixaban interacts with the myocardium early after AVO.

Methods

Fifty-five syngeneic Fisher rats underwent surgical abdominal aortocaval fistula to induce AVO. Among them, 17 rats were treated with apixaban (10 mg/kg/day). The myocardial outcome was studied using histological analysis and by measuring atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) gene expression.

Results

After 3 days, the total number of intramyocardial arteries was significantly increased in the AVO+apixaban (AVO+A) group compared with that in the AVO group (12.0  ±  1.2 and 10.2 ± 1.5, point score units, respectively). In the AVO+A group, there were significantly more edematous nuclei in myocardial arteries in the right and left ventricle compared with that in the AVO group. ANP and MMP9 expression levels continued to increase significantly in the AVO+A group compared with those in the AVO group.

Conclusion

Apixaban interacts with intramyocardial arteries in the left and right ventricles after AVO and ANP and MMP9 expression levels increased. Thus, the myocardial effect of Factor Xa inhibition needs to be monitored after AVO.
“Your Body Is Not Representative of Who You Are”: Exploring the Relations Between Feminist Attitudes, Feminist Identity, and Responses to Negative Body Talk Among Women
Authors: Nolen Erin , Myers Taryn A. , Kvaka Adrienne , Murnen Sarah K.
Published: November 2022

Negative body talk is a normative behavior among United States women and is an important area of intervention for women's health and well-being. Identifying as a feminist and/or endorsing feminist beliefs, which can promote a resistant stance toward cultural appearance standards, may protect against negative body talk. We conducted a mixed-methods study with an online sample of 447 predominantly White (81.1%) United States women between the ages of 18–73 years ( M = 41.25, SD = 12.54). We used Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified to systematically code open-ended survey data comprising responses to negative body talk and assessed whether liberal feminist attitudes or feminist identity relate to response categories. We categorized women's responses to negative body talk along with a feminist spectrum which ranged from explicit reinforcement of the thin ideal to a resistant stance toward beauty standards. Liberal feminism was negatively correlated with explicit reinforcement of the thin ideal, and both liberal feminism and feminist identity were positively correlated with a resistant stance. Therapists and practitioners who work with women on issues related to body image disturbance might consider supporting their clients in developing a feminist identity that can critically filter cultural messages that further objectify women.
Determination of force coefficient based on instantaneous forces and linear mechanistic model in ball end milling
Authors: Dikshit Mithilesh K.
Published: November 2022

Due to the intricate geometry, force prediction in the ball end milling process (BMP) is a challenging task. Cutting forces generated during BMP have an impact on important aspects of machining characteristics such as form error, chatter and vibration, surface finish, tool wear, and dimensional accuracy. These machining problems might be resolved by foreknowledge of the cutting forces. In the present research, a new and quick mathematical model based on the linear mechanistic method is reported to determine the force coefficients. The cutter’s hemispherical part is discretized into five discs along the axis at 0.4 mm uniform spacing in the range of 0.2–1.8 mm. For one cutter revolution, forces in the tangential, radial, and axial directions are measured for each disc to prevent radial runout. The current disc makes use of the preceding disc’s cutting force. To derive the shear and edge force coefficients, these are further divided into edge and shear forces. Validation experiments have been conducted and compared with the simulated forces to assess the predictive power of the developed force coefficient model. The predicted results are found to be remarkably close to the experimental results with an error of 5.5%, −8.6%, and 8.9% at 6631 rpm and 2.8%, −4.4%, and 2.21% at 10,052 rpm in tangential, radial, and axial forces, respectively.
Influence of mechanical properties of coating and substrate on wear performance of HDLC and TiN-coated AISI 5140 alloy steel
Authors: Sivakumar E.R. , Krishna Ram , Senthilkumar P. , Colak Ilhami
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the mechanical and wears resistance properties of AISI 5140 alloy steel coated with thin films of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (HDLC) and titanium nitride (TiN). HDLC and TiN films were sputtered onto AISI 5140 alloy steel samples using the magnetron sputtering technique. In addition to coatings, the metallic substrates were also evaluated for hardness and wear resistance. The findings on wear losses, patterns, and wear trace widths were determined after the wear tests. In tribological tests, a variety of wear patterns were observed on both thin film coatings. The primary wear mechanisms of TiN coatings were found to be tribochemical wear, substrate material loss, and wear debris. However, the HDLC coating experienced wear due to ploughing action, with minor patches of the thin film being removed from the underlying material, but scanning electron microscopy observations showed no detectable wear. Using Raman spectroscopy, the structural properties of HDLC were analyzed, and the findings were compared to those of wear patterns. The results showed that the coating significantly improved the wear resistance of the AISI 5140 alloy steel and that the TiN-coated AISI 5140 alloy steel sample was more comparable to wear than the HDLC-coated AISI 5140 alloy steel sample. It is also shown that, as compared to an uncoated metallic substrate, the resilience of thin film coated components is a key factor impacting component life.
Unsteady flow characteristics of an AFP based on energy loss and vortex identification under rotating stall condition
Authors: Jia Xiao Qi , Lv Hao , Zhu Zu Chao
Published: November 2022

Rotating stall, as a typical unsteady flow phenomenon in the axial flow pump (AFP), might easily result in a sharp decline in the performance of the AFP, thereby affecting the safe and stable operation of the pump. To better understand the loss mechanism of flow in the AFP, this paper numerically computes the unsteady flow of an AFP with guide vanes under a variety of working conditions. Unstable flow characteristics such as flow separation, typical vortex structure and flow loss of the pump under varied working conditions are analyzed using energy loss and vortex identification methods. The analysis of boundary vorticity flow (BVF) of the pump flow field shows that unstable flow can be observed in the BVF positive peak area on the blade surface, affecting the work of the impeller. Meanwhile, there is also unsteady flow from the trailing edge of the blade to the pressure surface of the adjacent blade near the impeller hub. It is gradually enlarged to block the impeller channel as the stall aggravates, causing the formation of a ‘saddle zone’ in the AFP. The guide vane and the impeller are core areas of energy loss within the AFP. On this basis, large numbers of vortex inside the impeller and the impact of unstable flow on the blades are the main contributors to the energy loss of the impeller.
Autonomous trajectory planning method for hypersonic vehicles in glide phase based on DDPG algorithm
Authors: Bao Cunyu , Wang Peng , He Ruizhi , Tang Guojian
Published: November 2022

An autonomous optimal trajectory planning method based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm of reinforcement learning (RL) for hypersonic vehicles (HV) is proposed in this paper. First, the trajectory planning problem is converted into a Markov Decision Process (MDP), and the amplitude of the bank angle is designated as the control input. The reward function of the MDP is set to minimize the trajectory terminal position errors with satisfying hard constraints. The deep neural network (DNN) is used to approximate the policy function and action-value function in the DDPG framework. The Actor network then computes the control input directly according to flight states. Using a limited exploration strategy, the optimal policy network would be considered fully trained when the reward value reached maximum convergence. Simulation results show that the policy network trained using a DDPG algorithm accomplishes 3-dimensional (3D) trajectory planning during the HV glide phase with high terminal precision and stable convergence. Additionally, the single step calculation time of the policy network occurs in near real time, which suggests great potential as an autonomous online trajectory planner. Monte Carlo experiments prove the strong robustness of the implementation of an autonomous trajectory planner under aerodynamic disturbances.
Observer-based distributed fault detection and isolation for multi-agent systems with time delays and disturbances
Authors: Quan Yue , Guo Hai , Huang Yourui , Xu Chaosheng , Zhou Xiaojie , liu Chunjian
Published: November 2022

In this article, the problem of distributed fault detection and isolation for single fault is considered for multi-agent systems affected by disturbances and communication delays. A bank of unknown input observers based on local information are constructed for distributed fault detection and isolation, and the sufficient conditions are presented to guarantee that the fault-detection residuals generated by unknown input observers satisfy [Formula: see text]. The logic of distributed fault detection is as follows: a agent can be declared as faulty when it's fault residuals exceed the threshold, and the fault residuals of its adjacent nodes are less than the threshold, declaring the existence of the fault.
Teaching time; Disrupting common sense
Authors: Birth Kevin
Published: November 2022

In my course “Time” I set out to disrupt the connection between cognitive tools used to represent time (clocks and calendars) and experiences of time. This article documents some of the topics and pedagogical methods I use: using unusual due dates for assignments, making the clock look strange, disrupting the idea of “now,” showing how clocks cultivate gullibility, exploring the different hour systems of the past, criticizing clock-based logics used in primatological research, explaining the theory of special relativity, and exploring the political and economic consequences of sleep loss.
Couple screening for recessively inherited disorders
Authors: Sisterna Silvina , Borrell Antoni
Published: November 2022

Couple screening aims to identify couples with an increased risk of having a child affected with an autosomal recessive or X-linked disorder, in order to facilitate informed reproductive decision making. Both expectant parents should be screened as a single entity, instead of individual testing. Carrier testing was typically performed for a few relatively common recessive disorders associated with significant morbidity, reduced life expectancy and often because of a considerably higher carrier frequency in a specific population for certain diseases. However, new genetic testing technologies enable the expansion of screening to multiple conditions, genes and sequence variants. There are multiple reproductive options for screening couples at risk, particularly when genetic traits are detected in the preconception period.
Epidemiology of primary shoulder dislocations requiring surgery: A cohort study from a major trauma center during 7 years
Authors: Yaari Lee , Ribenzaft Shay Zion , Kittani Mohamed , Yassin Mustafa , Haviv Barak
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The epidemiology of shoulder instability in the general population is lacking. The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence rate of primary shoulder dislocations requiring surgical interventions in a major trauma center within a large maintenance organization.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health records database from 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020 was conducted in major rural trauma center. This study included all patients aged 10 years or older with a primary shoulder dislocation that were treated with closed reduction in the emergency room department. An overall incidence density rates (IDR) (per 100,000 person-years) of primary shoulder dislocations and stabilization surgeries were determined for the entire cohort. The data was used to evaluate the age-specific and gender-specific epidemiology.

Results

During the study period of 7 years there were 1,302 patients who underwent closed reduction after a primary shoulder dislocation (mean age 45 years). Of those, a total of 106 shoulder stabilization surgeries (8%) were performed. The IDR of primary shoulder dislocations was 179 per 100,000 person-years. The IDR of primary shoulder stabilizations was 15 per 100,000 person-years. The peak in number of dislocations was observed in the age groups of 20–29 years and over 60 years. In the age groups under 59 years dislocations were more common in men while in ages over 60 years dislocations were more common in women. The vast majority of shoulder stabilization surgeries were performed in young patients (age under 39 years).

Conclusion

The IDR of primary shoulder dislocations calculated from a major trauma center of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel was 179 per 100,000 person-years. Shoulder dislocations had bimodal age distribution. Overall, eight percent of the patients (mainly young) with shoulder dislocations underwent shoulder stabilization surgery during the study period.
Evaluating a Unified Screener for Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
Authors: Weeks Sean N. , Renshaw Tyler L. , Rainey Allysia A. , Hiatt Aubrey
Published: November 2022

Internalizing and externalizing problems are common targets for school mental health screening. Prior research supports the interpretation of scores from the Youth Internalizing Problems Screener (YIPS) and the Youth Externalizing Problems Screener (YEPS), which were developed separately yet intended as companion measures. We extended previous work by evaluating the psychometric defensibility of integrated measurement models that combined items from the YIPS and YEPS into a unified screener (YIEPS). Specifically, we evaluated (a) a unidimensional model, (b) a correlated-factors model with two latent variables representing internalizing and externalizing problems, and (c) a bifactor model with two specific factors—internalizing and externalizing—and a general factor representing global mental health problems. We then tested the reliabilities of the several factors from these models and the informational value added of the competing models. Results indicated the bifactor YIEPS model had the best data-model fit for representing the unified screener. However, exploratory analyses suggested an alternative bifactor model with three specific factors—parsing attention problems from externalizing and internalizing content—might be an even better fit for the data. Reliability findings suggested the general factor—representing global mental health problems—was the most psychometrically defensible. Future directions for research and practice are discussed.
Nonlinear dynamic and forced vibration characteristic analysis of sandwich panel with double-U auxetic core and GPLRC facing sheets embedded with piezoelectric layers
Authors: Karimiasl Mahsa , Alibeigloo Akbar
Published: November 2022

The aim of the present research is to investigate the nonlinear dynamic and forced vibration of a composite sandwich panel embedded with piezoelectric layers under thermo-harmonic loading. The panel consists of a double-U auxetic honeycomb core made of aluminum alloy and graphene platelet reinforced composite (GPLRC) skins at the top and bottom surfaces. According to Gibson’s formula, the effective material properties of facing sheets and double-V auxetic core are considered. The nonlinear equations are obtained by applying Hamilton’s principles via von Karman’s nonlinear theory and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The governing equations of motion are solved by employing the differential quadrature method (DQM) and homotopy perturbation method, respectively. The accuracy of the current results has been verified by comparison with others in the literature. Finally, the influence of different parameters such as applied voltage, magnetic potential, temperature rise, different boundary conditions, and geometric parameters of core on the nonlinear frequency-amplitude response of cylindrical panels are analyzed. The numerical results show negative effect of temperature increment, positive influence of ratio of thickness to inclined length, core thickness, amplitudes of segments, considerable effect of the magnetic potential as well as small effect of applied voltage on the nonlinear vibration of sandwich panel. Finally, the important findings of this research indicate that the magnetic potential, amplitude segment, and length to inclined cell rib length have significant effects on nonlinear dynamic deflection and frequencies-amplitude response. Based on the results of this article, designers can develop different parts of aircraft.
Intimate Partner and Family Violence Among Women Tertiary Students in Australia: Prevalence and Cross-Cultural Differences
Authors: Zark Laura , Toumbourou John W. , Satyen Lata
Published: November 2022

Most prior research on violence among tertiary students has been restricted to dating and sexual violence and neglected cross-cultural variation. To provide more comprehensive and intersectional understandings, this study examined the prevalence and cultural differences in intimate partner and family violence among women tertiary students in Australia. Data were collected from 1,845 women studying at post-secondary institutions and weighted by age and country of birth to reflect the population composition. Eighty-seven percent (86.7%) of participants reported having experienced violence (physical, sexual, psychological, and/or financial) from an intimate partner and/or family member during adulthood. Students who identified as Anglo were more likely to report victimization by intimate partners, while those who identified as non-Anglo and multicultural were more likely to report victimization by family members. The findings highlight the need for tertiary education institutions to prioritize preventing and responding to intimate partner and family violence in their culturally diverse student bodies.
Integrating Neuroimaging Measures in Nursing Research
Authors: Figuracion Karl Cristie F. , Thompson Hilaire , Mac Donald Christine L.
Published: November 2022

Background

Medical and scientific advancement worldwide has led to a longer lifespan. With the population aging comes the risk of developing cognitive decline. The incorporation of neuroimaging measures in evaluating cognitive changes is limited in nursing research. The aim of this review is to introduce nurse scientists to neuroimaging measures employed to assess the association between brain and cognitive changes.

Methods

Relevant literature was identified by searching CINAHL, Web of Science, and PubMed databases using the following keywords: “neuroimaging measures,” “aging,” “cognition,” “qualitative scoring,” “cognitive ability,” “molecular,” “structural,” and “functional.”

Results

Neuroimaging measures can be categorized into structural, functional, and molecular imaging approaches. The structural imaging technique visualizes the anatomical regions of the brain. Visual examination and volumetric segmentation of select structural sequences extract information such as white matter hyperintensities and cerebral atrophy. Functional imaging techniques evaluate brain regions and underlying processes using blood-oxygen-dependent signals. Molecular imaging technique is the real-time visualization of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels in a given region. Examples of biological measures associated with neurodegeneration include decreased glutamine level, elevated total choline, and elevated Myo-inositol.

Discussion

Nursing is at the forefront of addressing upstream factors impacting health outcomes across a lifespan of a population at increased risk of progressive cognitive decline. Nurse researchers can become more facile in using these measures both in qualitative and quantitative methodology by leveraging previously gathered neuroimaging clinical data for research purposes to better characterize the associations between symptom progression, disease risk, and health outcomes.
Bariatric surgery prior to total hip arthroplasty: does timing or type matter?
Authors: Bains Sandeep S , Sax Oliver C , Chen Zhongming , Nabet Austin , Nace James , Delanois Ronald E
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Morbid obesity is a known risk-factor for increased complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thus, many orthopaedic surgeons recommend bariatric surgery (BS). However, there is no consensus on the type (commonly either a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB] or sleeve gastrectomy [SG]) and timing of BS prior to THA. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare BS recipients prior to THA to assess differences in 90-day to 2-year medical/surgical complications as well as revisions for: (1) type of BS (RYGB and SG); and (2) timing of BS. Additionally, we aim to assess risk factors for postoperative prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), dislocations, and revisions.

Methods:

We queried a national, all-payer database to identify patients undergoing primary THA from January 2010 to October 2020 ( n = 715,100). Patients were then divided into 6 cohorts: 2 cohorts without history of BS (body mass index [BMI] kg/m2 20–35 [ n = 59,995]) and BMI > 40 [ n = 36,799]); 2 cohorts with previous RYGB ( n = 1278) or SG ( n = 1051); and 2 cohorts that underwent BS either 6–12 months ( n = 412) and >12 months ( n = 1655) prior to the THA. Bivariate chi-square analyses of medical and surgical outcomes at 90 days–2 years were conducted. Multivariate logistic regressions identified independent risk factors for PJIs, dislocations, and revisions.

Results:

At 90 days–2 years, no differences in postoperative medical/surgical complications or revisions were seen among timing or type of BS. The BMI > 40 kg/m2 cohort had the highest complication profile among all other cohorts. Timing and type of BS has similar odds of PJIs, dislocations, and revisions.

Conclusions:

Patients undergoing RYGB or SG 6–12 months and >1 year prior to THA showed similar complications profiles. These results suggest, bariatric patients do not need to wait 1 year before undergoing a THA.