bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional satisfaction of practitioners in psychiatry departments
Authors: Strzelecka Beata , Wisniewska Katarzyna , Pacian Anna
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to determine the indicators of job satisfaction of doctors working in psychiatry departments, to analyse the professional satisfaction of Polish, European and world psychiatrists and to identify ways to improve it. The study identified factors that influence the professional satisfaction of psychiatrists, compared it among psychiatrists in Poland, Europe, and the world, and developed a number of methods to improve this indicator. The results of the study showed that the level of professional satisfaction of psychiatric doctors is influenced by the following factors: salary level, working conditions, team relations, resource support of the work process, stress level, level of emotional burnout, sense of recognition and importance of their own work, work-life balance, and the degree of stigmatization of mental disorders in society. In terms of the number of practising psychiatrists in the country, the availability of psychiatric services and the level of the average annual salary of psychiatrists in Poland, Europe, and the world, the highest rates of professional satisfaction are recorded in the Scandinavian countries and Austria. Poland and Eastern European countries have lower scores, but the gradual increase in funding for psychiatry in Poland is leading to a positive upward trend. Ways in which this increase can be achieved include: increasing the staff of psychiatric units and optimizing administrative work to reduce workload, using cooperation and mentoring programmes to achieve a comfortable team environment, encouraging specialists to participate in training and mentoring programmes to enhance their professional development.
Body composition estimates from bioelectrical impedance and its association with cardiovascular risk
Authors: Kistan Jesne , Wing Jeffrey , Tshabalala Khanyisile , Van Hougenhouck-Tulleken Wesley , Basu Debashis
Published: October 2024

Background: Screening for traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease is well known in primary healthcare (PHC) settings. However, other risk factors through newer tools (such as bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA]) could also be predictors of increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). Body composition estimates (body fat percentage, body water percentage, body lean mass) by BIA and its association to CVR have been studied with variable results.Aim: This study assesses the body composition estimates and their association with CVR in the South African PHC setting.Methods: A retrospective record analysis was conducted on a cohort of de-identified patients utilising the ABBY® Health Check Machine at a PHC facility in South Africa between May 2020 and August 2022. The ABBY Machine estimates body fat percentage (BF%) and body water percentage (BW%) estimates from BIA. Cardiovascular risk based on the Framingham-risk-score was stratified into high, medium and low CVR. An analysis of variance was used to determine mean differences of BF% and BW% among these groups.Results: A total of 4008 records (n = 4008) were used in the final analysis. The majority of patients were female (70.1%) with a mean age of 33.6 years. Higher mean BF% (35.75% vs. 31.10% vs. 27.73%; p  0.0001) and lower mean BW% (49.46% vs. 53.15% vs. 56.18%; p = 0000) were found to be significantly associated with high CVR.Lessons Learnt: This study demonstrated the use of newer technologies that could assist in the identification of CVR in low resource PHC settings.
Survey on the radiology report at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital: Clinician and radiologist perspectives
Authors: Thormahlen Liane , Wessels Robyn M. , Viljoen Ilana M.
Published: October 2024

Background: The radiology report is the primary means of conveying imaging findings between radiologists and clinicians. As a result, clinician satisfaction with the radiology report is an indicator of its quality and clinical relevance. It is crucial to identify factors that can enhance the radiology report in order to improve service delivery.Objectives: This study evaluates clinician and radiologist opinions, preferences and clinician utilisation of the radiology report.Method: Mixed quantitative and qualitative survey questionnaires were distributed in-person and online from December 2022 to February 2023 to a total of 287 clinicians and 43 independent medical practitioners specialising in radiology.Results: A total of 73.0% of radiologists and 56.5% of clinicians expressed satisfaction with the radiology reports. Additionally, 72.0% of radiologists expressed dissatisfaction with the history provided on the referral forms. It was found that 87.6% of clinicians read the radiology report, while 26.2% reviewed the radiological imaging without referring to it. Interestingly, 77.8% of clinicians preferred itemised listed reports, whereas 53.8% of radiologists preferred reports in paragraph format. It was discovered that 69.6% of radiologists and 65.4% of clinicians preferred a standardised reporting format.Conclusion: More than half of the clinicians and most of the radiologists expressed satisfaction with the radiology report. Both clinicians and radiologists showed a preference for a structured reporting format. A crucial element in constructing a good radiology report was having a relevant clinical history. The radiologist continued to be the preferred professional for interpreting radiological imaging.Contribution: This survey was a good starting point for improving communication between clinicians and radiologists. This will ultimately result in reports that are more useful to clinicians and radiologists who have a better understanding of what should be included in reports and how they should be structured.
Development and Validation of an Evaluation Tool for Process Implementation of Foundation Course in Competency-based Medical Education
Authors: Chalak Anita , Pawade Yogesh , Maksane Shalini
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim:

Competency-based medical education curriculum introduces several innovative reforms like foundation course (FC) in Phase-I MBBS. However, the implementation process of FC has not been evaluated systematically, which necessitates the development and validation of an evaluation tool for FC. This study was aimed to develop and validate a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the implementation process of the FC, in order to enhance its effectiveness.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive mixed-method study recruited 33 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. The evaluation tool was developed and shared with six experts participated in Delphi rounds. Multiple Delphi rounds were conducted, the responses were collected, and qualitative feedback from the experts was analyzed. The tool was revised based on the feedback and shared with 16 participants, including the six experts, for evaluating the relevance and usefulness of each item. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) of the items were calculated and items were further revised based on these scores. The revised tool was piloted on 17 participants for estimating its reliability.

Results:

The content validity of the tool was established by statistically high item-CVI (>79%) and scale-CVI (0.946). The CVR values of the items (0.5–1.0) indicated their essentiality. The acceptable reliability of the tool was confirmed by a Cronbach’s α of 0.73.

Conclusion:

The tool for evaluating the implementation process of FC met the criteria of validity and reliability and can be applied to FC for any medical college in India.
Investigating the role of various extracellular matrix in androgenetic alopecia: Insights from immunostaining and quantitative analysis – A pilot study
Authors: Lai I-Tzu , Chang Yi-Han , Chu Chia-Bao , Chung Pei-Lun , Hsu Chao-Kai , Yang Chao-Chun
Published: October 2024

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair loss, characterized by miniaturization of hair follicles, shortened anagen, and prolonged telogen phases. Clinically, distinct patterns of hair loss distribution are evident between males and females. The pathogenesis of AGA is considered a mutual interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Mechanical properties of the scalp, for example, skin stiffness, have also been proposed as an important factor. To date, no comprehensive study has been conducted to demonstrate the density and distribution of various extracellular matrix (ECM) components at different dermal depths in AGA. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted immunohistochemical staining in patients with pattern hair loss to analyze the distribution of ECM components. Our findings reveal distinct distribution patterns of collagen I, collagen III, and elastin fibers within different dermal layers in male and female AGA cases. Notably, the intensity of elastin staining was significantly increased in all dermal layers in the male AGA skin, compared to the normal scalp skin. In summary, our study highlights the significance of ECM components in both male and female AGA.
Barriers for adherence to diabetic retinopathy screening among Saudi adult population, 2023
Authors: Alamri Abdulrahman M. A. , Alamri Manar M. H. , Alolayani Rayan A. , Assiri Shaima Y. A. , Alshehri Rayan F. Z. , Alshabab Saud Q. A. , Alshahrani Shatha S. M. , Aloufi Razan S. , Al Thamr Amjad M.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

One common and blinding consequence of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy. However, adherence to regular screening remains a challenge for Saudi adults. The goal of this study is to investigate and identify the barriers that hinder Saudi diabetic adults from adhering to screening for diabetic retinopathy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of adult diabetic patients throughout Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a self-administered validated questionnaire comprising following five primary sections: sociodemographic information, profile of diabetes, knowledge of diabetic retinopathy, behaviors, and hurdles to diabetic retinopathy screening. Sample selected using snowball sampling technique. Questionnaire was converted into Google Forms and was shared with study participants via E-mail and several social media sites, including Facebook and WhatsApp during November and December 2023. Data analyzed using SPSS; mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables, whereas categorical data was presented as frequency and percentage. Logistic regression analysis determined barriers for adherence to screening for diabetic retinopathy.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the study group was 61.6 ± 15 years, and 58.3% were female. Out of 393 respondents, 71% had undergone retinopathy screening in the past few months; 29.0% had a history of diabetic retinopathy. Participants who knew about retinopathy were eight times more likely to have eye screening compared to those who did not know about retinopathy (odds ratio = 8.05, P < 0.001). Less screening chance was observed among those who had acquired their knowledge from the Internet (odds ratio = 0.23, P = 0.002) or relatives (odds ratio = 0.21, P = 0.002) compared to those who had been advised by their physicians.

CONCLUSION:

These findings underscored the multifaceted nature of barriers to regular screenings within the Saudi Arabian healthcare system. By understanding and addressing these barriers, healthcare systems can enhance the effectiveness of screening programs and improve health outcomes.
Efficiency of night shifts in Primary Healthcare Centers, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia: Data envelopment analysis
Authors: Saeed Abdullah A. , Al Khaldi Yahia M. , Falqi Tariq A.I. , Qarnan Mohammed A. , Alharthi Zaid S. , Alshafea Abdullah A.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Efficient allocation of healthcare resources is essential for meeting the increasing demand for healthcare services. This study aimed at exploring the performance of both one- and two-shift Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCCs) and examining the efficiency of healthcare centers to discover how efficiency is affected by the levels of resource allocation and staffing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted at 31 PHCCs assigned to cover extended hours, from 4:00 PM to 8:00 AM during May-October 2023. Study employed a quantitative approach and the data envelopment analysis technique to assess the efficiency of PHCCs, specifically focusing on night shift performance. Data were collected through interviews and surveys with primary healthcare staff including 99 doctors, 119 nurses, and 139 support staff using structured questionnaire. The DEA technique was utilized to measure the relative efficiency of the PHCCs by comparing the inputs and outputs.

RESULTS:

Out of 31 PHCCs, 45.2% run two shifts. Over the reported period, a total of 126,619 patient visits were recorded; 81.7% came to the two-shift PHCCs and 18.3% to the one-shift PHCCs. On average, each two-shift PHCC received approximately 161 visits/ shift, and the one-shift received 123 visits. Upper respiratory tract infections accounted for 30% of morbidities and chronic diseases for more than 20%. The performance of the two-shifts PHCCs revealed varying levels of efficiency with a score of 1.00 for the most efficient PHCC and 0.31 for the least efficient PHCC.

CONCLUSION:

This study underscores the importance of data-driven decision-making for healthcare administrators. Ongoing assessments and benchmarking are essential for continuously improving the quality of healthcare service and optimizing utilization of resources. Future research in this field can further explore the factors that contribute to healthcare efficiency and provide deeper insights into healthcare resource management and optimization of service delivery.
Knowledge of self-management and asthma control among asthma patients attending a polyclinic in Western part of Singapore
Authors: Khor Joanne H. , Szücs Anna , Goh Lay Hoon
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Self-management is important for asthma control, yet it is unclear whether asthmatic patients have sufficient knowledge to optimally manage their disease. We examined the associations between the knowledge of self-management in adult patients attending a polyclinic in Singapore, sociodemographic factors, and asthma control.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult asthmatic patients in a public primary care clinic (polyclinic) using convenience sampling. A a structured and validated self-administered questionnaire solicited the responses of study participants. Questionnaire comprised three sections: (1) Sociodemographic and asthma-related variables, (2) Modified Asthma Self-Management Questionnaire (ASMQ), and (3) The GINA assessment of asthma control. Participants completed the questionnaire in the clinic waiting area and returned them into a sealed box in the same area. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29.0. Summary statistics were used to describe the study sample; t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), as appropriate, tested the differences in self-management knowledge by sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between asthma control and self-management knowledge controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.

RESULTS:

The sample comprised 141 asthma patients; Out of a total of 100 points, the mean ASMQ score was 46.8 (standard deviation 21.7). The scores for the knowledge of self-management of Asthma differed by age, level of education, and having been taught about asthma on bivariate analyses (P < 0.05). Linear regression showed a significant association of asthma self-management knowledge with educational level only. No association was observed between ASMQ scores and asthma control.

CONCLUSION:

There were gaps in patients’ knowledge about asthma self-management, although they were generally knowledgeable about the inhaler technique. Higher education levels were associated with higher levels of knowledge beyond the effect of age and having been instructed about asthma, suggest that it is crucial that educational programs on asthma are made accessible to patients with lower levels of education. Further research needs to determine whether asthma educational programs targeting the knowledge gaps found in this study can improve knowledge of self-management and asthma control.
Immunoglobulin G4-related pancreatitis presenting as an obstructive pancreatic mass in a Latino male
Authors: Busey Blake , Estrada Paul , Anwer Javaria
Published: October 2024

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a localized or diffuse autoimmune fibro-inflammatory condition that can affect any organ. The literature is sparse on IgG4-RD in the Latino population. This is a case report of a Latino male diagnosed with IgG4-related pancreatitis presenting as a mass. Our 40-year-old Latino male patient presented with diarrhea and epigastric discomfort progressing to jaundice and pruritus. He had associated elevations in liver enzymes, antinuclear antibody, and IgG4. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a lobulated pancreatic head mass with common bile duct (CBD) narrowing. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of the pancreas revealed no malignancy, and the patient underwent CBD stenting through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The patient demonstrated a favorable response to systemic glucocorticoid therapy with resolution of his symptoms and normalization of his liver function tests. Coronavirus disease-2019 infection during treatment had no impact on the outcomes.
Ayurveda management of Savrana Shukla (superficial punctate keratitis): a case study
Authors: Irfan Mohammed , Naveen B. S. , Geetha Kumari B. , Viswam Ajoy , Namboodiri Krishnan N. , Naik Laxmi M.
Published: October 2024

Savrana Shukla is one of the Krishnagata Rogas (corneal pathologies) mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. The Lakshanas of Savrana Shukla can be correlated with the clinical features of superficial punctate keratitis. Superficial punctate corneal keratitis is characterized by multiple, spotty lesions in the outermost layer of the cornea. A 30-year-old male approached the Shalakya Tantra outpatient department with complaints of foreign body sensation, mild pricking pain, redness, and watering of the left eye for 4 days. On history taking and slit lamp examination, it was revealed that the patient had superficial punctate keratitis due to trichiasis. Seka (pouring medicine on the closed eyes) and Vidalaka (application of medicated paste on the outer part of the eyes) were given as treatment for 5 days and epilation was done considering the cause (trichiasis). The subject had significant improvement for both subjective and objective parameters. The clinical features in this subject correspond to Prathama Patala Savrana Shukla Lakshanas (epithelium and Bowman’s membrane involvement) and are Sadhya (curable) according to Acharya Vagbhata. This case report highlights the efficacy of Kriyakalpa treatments in managing Savrana Shukla.
Evidence-based approach to Jaloukavacharana with special reference to Aeromonas species: a case series
Authors: Sweta K. M. , Bharadwaj Achyut
Published: October 2024

Jalukavacharana (medicinal leech therapy) is a time-tested bloodletting therapy employed to treat inflammatory, ischemic, and infectious diseases. Aeromonas spp., commonly found in the leech’s gut, is known to cause two major diseases: gastroenteritis and wound infections (with or without bacteremia). In cases such as diabetes mellitus where the patient can be immuno-compromised, the possibility of complications through leech therapy and Aeromonas spp. is high. The current study was carried out on five subjects, indicated for Jalukavacharana. The blood culture was studied, and the vomitus of a Jalouka (leech) post Jaloukavacharna (medicinal leech therapy) was obtained to rule out the presence of any pathogenic bacteria, especially Aeromonas spp. Five subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were treated with Jaloukavacharna under all the therapeutic precautions, and then blood samples were collected and sent for blood culture and sensitivity analyses to confirm the presence of Aeromonas species in these samples, and one leech vomitus blood sample has been studied for the presence of the same. All the five blood samples tested negative for any pathogenic organism, including the Aeromoans spp., and the leech vomitus blood sample tested positive for Aeromonas spp. From the aforementioned case series, it is evident that though the leech vomitus contained the pathogenic gut bacteria Aeromonas spp., all the blood samples of the study subjects tested negative for the same, indicating that the proper practice of Jaloukavacharna (medicinal leech therapy) according to the classics can help us prevent the complications of leech therapy from affecting the individual.
Awake thoracoscopic non-anatomic pulmonary resections under thoracic paravertebral block: Results of a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Derdiyok Onur , Temel Uğur
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Awake video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) helps to avoid the adverse effects of general anaesthesia (GA) with single-lung ventilation. Its usage in anatomic and non-anatomic pulmonary resections has spread worldwide, and it is mostly performed under thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA). We herein report our surgical experience with awake VATS non-anatomical resections under the thoracic paravertebral block (TPB).

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective, single-centred study reviewed patients undergoing awake VATS non-anatomical pulmonary resection under TPB, who voluntarily accepted awake VATS despite being suitable for GA and were found unsuitable for GA based on pre-operative assessment results. Demographic, pre-, per- and post-operative data were collected, analysed and compared with the literature data.

Results:

Twenty-four patients (16 patients with normal pre-operative assessment results and 8 patients having high risk for GA) were selected. Fourteen bullectomies for recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax and 10 wedge resections (nine for metastasectomy and one for lung biopsy) were performed. Global in-operating room time was 77 ± 31 min. The morbidity rate was 20.8% (n = 5), including prolonged air leak in three and pneumonia in two patients. The mean duration of the chest tube was 1.9 ± 1.5 days and mean duration of hospital stay was 3.5 ± 2.1 days. There was no in-hospital mortality. Our results were mostly similar to the literature data.

Conclusion:

Non-anatomical lung resections by VATS can be performed easily and safely under TPB in awake patients. Although the perioperative and post-operative outcomes are not superior to other anaesthesia approaches, preferring TPB may help to avoid the serious potential complications of TEA.
An unusual case of small-bowel obstruction: Broad ligament hernia
Authors: Ahuja Anmol , Rengan Shyam Sundar , Dey Ashish , Malik Vinod K. , Mittal Tarun
Published: October 2024

Broad ligament hernias (BLHs) are rare internal hernias that can lead to serious complications if left untreated. In this case report, we present the case of a BLH in a female patient and discuss its clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. A 40-year-old woman presented with subacute intestinal obstruction symptoms, including the inability to pass flatus and faeces and recurrent bilious vomiting. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed small-bowel obstruction adjacent to the uterus within the left broad ligament. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a loop of obstructed small intestine within the broad ligament, which was released and found to be healthy. The defect between the broad and infundibulopelvic ligaments was closed with sutures. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was asymptomatic at a 6-month follow-up. BLHs can be congenital or acquired, with acquired defects often resulting from previous surgeries or pregnancy-related causes. The clinical presentation typically involves the symptoms of bowel obstruction, and a CT scan is the diagnostic modality of choice, showing characteristic findings such as closed-loop obstruction and bowel dilation. Laparoscopic management offers the advantages of faster recovery and less morbidity. Closure of the defect using nonabsorbable sutures is the standard surgical approach, although a wide opening of the defect has also been described. Recurrence is a possibility, particularly if absorbable sutures are used for closure. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in BLHs to prevent the complications and emphasises the role of laparoscopy in their management.
Unveiling the Enigma of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation: Causes, Consequences and Management Strategies
Authors: Jose Neethu , Joseph Elizabeth , John Johnson
Published: October 2024

Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a defect in the development of tooth enamel, affecting permanent first molars and incisors. This article explores MIH causes, consequences and management strategies for dental professionals. MIH is widespread, ranging from 2.4% to 40.2% globally. South America has the highest prevalence, while Africa has the lowest. Clinically, MIH presents as demarcated white, yellow or brownish opacities on the enamel surface. Affected teeth are fragile and prone to chipping, hypersensitivity and caries. MIH disrupts the tooth’s structure, increasing the risk of fractures, dentin exposure, pulp inflammation and rapid tooth decay. It can also lead to poor oral hygiene, aesthetic concerns and reduced quality of life for children. The causes of MIH are multifactorial and involve systemic or environmental factors during pre-natal or post-natal tooth development. Potential factors include childhood illnesses, antibiotic use, environmental toxins and Vitamin D deficiency. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for MIH management. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may involve remineralisation, desensitisation, fluoride therapy, pit and fissure sealants, restorations or extractions. MIH is a common dental concern in children. Early management by dental professionals can help prevent complications and improve oral health outcomes.
Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Edentulous Spaces with Dental Implants Using Single-stage and Two-stage Systems: A Case Series
Authors: Anbazhagan Ilavarasan , Ravichandran R , Kumar K Harsha , Nair Vivek V.
Published: October 2024

Dental implants are a useful tool in the treatment of missing teeth. Dental implantology has a long history that reaches back to ancient times when attempts were made to replace missing teeth with various materials. Modern dental implants are designed to osseointegrate with the jawbone. There are two main surgical techniques: One-stage surgery and two-stage surgery. One-stage surgery involves placing the implant and allowing a healing abutment to protrude through the gums. This eliminates the need for a second surgery but carries the risk of overloading the implant during the healing phase. Two-stage surgery is the standard approach, where the implant is initially submerged, and a second surgery is performed to connect the abutment. The choice between one-stage and two-stage surgeries depends on many factors. This article aims to discuss a series of cases comparing the two modalities of implant placement.
Anaesthetic Efficacy of Adjunct Therapy with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Kalantri Sarika Sunil , Shiraguppi Vijaykumar L. , Deosarkar Bharat Anantrao
Published: October 2024

Objective:

The aim of this prospective, randomised controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of pulpal anaesthesia in the management of pain in mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) in relation to alternative adjunct therapies with a conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) versus the conventional IANB technique.

Methods:

In accordance with the CONSORT statement, a prospective, randomised controlled parallel-design clinical trial was created. Group 1: Conventional IANB (Control group); Group 2: IANB plus local infiltration; Group 3: IANB plus long buccal nerve block; Group 4: IANB plus premedication with paracetamol; and Group 5: IANB plus cryotherapy was the five groups comprised 50 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. People were asked to use the Heft-Parker Visual Analogue Scale (HP-VAS) to score their level of discomfort at three separate intervals during the treatment process: before treatment, during access opening, and during pulp extirpation.

Results:

During access opening, Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison tests showed statistically highly significant differences (P < 0.001) between Group 1 and Group 4 and a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Group 1 and Group 3. During pulp extirpation statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Group 1 and Group 4 were reported. While the other group shows a statistically insignificant difference.

Conclusion:

IANB alone does not provide painless endodontic treatment in SIP patients. Hence, adjunct therapy of premedication with paracetamol or a supplementarily anaesthetising long buccal nerve block can significantly increase anaesthetic efficacy of IANB.
Management of Complicated Crown Root Fracture Using Chamfer Reattachment Technique
Authors: Senan Arya , Abraham George Varghese , Lekshmi Aiswarya , Johny Minimol K. , Devadathan A. , Jacob Jose
Published: October 2024

The reattachment of the tooth fragment is one of the viable treatment options if the original intact tooth fragment is available following dental trauma. The reattachment of the remaining fractured tooth can provide better aesthetics, improved function and generate a positive psychological response amongst patients. This case report consists of three cases of crown root fracture that was successfully treated using tooth fragment reattachment technique.
Assessment of right ventricular systolic function using right ventricular fractional area change among human immunodeficiency virus infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy and its relationship with viral load and CD4 cell count
Authors: Baba Musa Mohammed , Buba Faruk , Talle Mohammed Abdullahi , Garbati Musa A. , Abdul Habu
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population, and right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction is said to be associated with worse outcomes. HIV infection is an established risk factor for pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, pulmonary hypertension directly affects RV function through an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, causing right ventricle hypertrophy, chamber dilatation, and ultimately RV systolic dysfunction. We, therefore, sought to assess RV systolic function (RVSF) using RV fractional area change (RVFAC) among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its relationship with viral load and CD4 cell count.

Methods:

The study was a cross-sectional conducted among HIV patients receiving HAART at the Federal Medical Center, Nguru, Yobe State, North Eastern Nigeria, using RVFAC among HIV patients on HAART and its relationship with viral load and CD4 cell count.

Results:

One hundred and seven subjects were recruited into the study, comprising 37 (34.6%) males and 70 (65.4%) females. Ninety-six (89.71%) had preserved RVSF, while 11 (10.3%) had reduced RVSF. The mean CD4 cell count of patients with preserved RVSF was significantly higher compared to those with reduced RVSF (838.4 ± 27.5 cells/μL and 301.7 ± 12.4 cells/μL), respectively P ≤ 0.001. The mean viral load of patients with preserved was significantly lower compared to those with reduced RVSF (547.9 ± 10.8 1 copies/mL and 10,293.00 ± 74.8 1 copies/mL), respectively P ≤ 0.001.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of RV systolic dysfunction among HIV patients on HAART was found to be 10.3% and there was a significant positive correlation between RVFAC with CD4 cell count and a significant negative correlation between RVFAC with HIV viral load.
Analysis of Holter-electrocardiogram at the early stage of acute coronary syndrome in Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
Authors: Karel Makani Bassakouahou Jospin , Naïbe Gankama Thibaut , Bijou Moualengue , Ruddy Taty , Franck Ekoba , Arthur Bolongue Awasandeke , Stephane Ikama Meo
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Acute coronary syndrome is a medical emergency resulting from sudden obstruction of the coronary artery. The main objective of this study was to describe the pattern of rhythm abnormalities at the early stage of acute coronary syndrome and their possible associated factors in Brazzaville (Congo).

Methods:

A prospective and analytical study was carried out in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. We included consecutively all patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and having carried out a Holter-electrocardiogram (EKG) during the first 24 h.

Results:

The study concerned 59 patients. Coronary syndrome including ST segment elevation in 54 patients (91.5%) and without ST elevation in five patients (8.5%). The location of electrocardiographic abnormalities was anterosepto-apical (30.5%), extensive anterior (22%), anteroseptal (20.3%), inferior (17%), lateral (6.8%), and apicolateral (3.4%). Rhythm and conduction abnormalities on Holter-EKG were supraventricular extrasystole (49.2%), ventricular extrasystole (47.5%), atrioventricular block (6.8%), atrial fibrillation (3.4%), and ventricular tachycardia (3.4%). No relationship was found between clinico-biological factors and the occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.

Conclusion:

The early stage of acute coronary syndrome was mostly associated to ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles without link with clinico-biological factors.
Investigating supraventricular tachyarrhythmias on cardiac electrophysiology: A basic introduction
Authors: Uwanuruochi Kelechukwu , Shah Ruchit A. , Trimbak Kokane Hemant
Published: October 2024

Interest in cardiac electrophysiology is increasing in sub Saharan Africa, but the interpretation of results is poorly understood. Cardiac electrophysiology is the study of the electrical activity of the heart by virtue of catheters that are positioned in the heart in addition to leads placed on the chest surface. It is useful in identifying sites of origin of various cardiac arrhythmias, diagnosing conduction abnormalities, and treating various arrhythmias. This is the second in a series reviewing cardiac electrophysiology methods. The first introduced cardiac electrophysiology and assessment of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes. This paper reviews the assessment of supraventricular tachycardias.
Statistical tools and packages for data collection, management, and analysis - A brief guide for health and biomedical researchers
Authors: Deo Vishal , Ranganathan Priya
Published: October 2024

Previous articles in this series have looked at various aspects of planning, designing, conducting and interpreting biomedical research. In this article, we offer an overview of some tools and resources available to health and biomedical researchers, to help them with their research.
Growth factor-enhanced matrix combined either with free connective tissue graft or with collagen membrane in the treatment of Miller class II gingival recession
Authors: El Serafy Mohamed El Hussein , Razzak Mona Y. A. El , Shoukheba Malak Y. M. , Ghouraba Rehab F.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The goal of the study was to examine the efficacy of collagen membrane or free connective tissue graft in conjunction with growth factor-enhanced matrix (GEM) for treating Miller class two gingival recession.

Patients and methods

Twenty sites in 10 patients, with class II Miller gingival recession were allocated randomly to be treated by (GEM21s) with free connective tissue graft (group I) or GEM21s with collagen membrane (group II). Recession width, recession depth, height of keratinized tissue and digital measurements were recorded at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival thickness, and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Root coverage percentage were recorded 6 months postoperative and wound healing index were recorded at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperative.

Results

Both groups showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters and increase in bone level was observed after 6 months compared to baseline measures. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups except for recession depth at 1 and 3 months after surgery and height of keratinized tissue at 1, 3, and 6 months in favor of group I. Radiographically there was a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in amount of labial bone gain and bone density in favor of group I compared to group II.

Conclusion

GEM21s combined either with free connective tissue graft or collagen membrane led to favorable gingival coverage and radiographical results with better results for free connective tissue graft with GEM21s.
The adjunctive effect of frankincense extract gel to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Yousef Doaa A. , Eleknawy Engy , Arafa Mona F. , Negm Walaa A.
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study was aimed at assessing the impact of applying the frankincense extract gel subgingivally in addition to scaling and root planing (SRP) of nonsurgically treated moderate chronic periodontitis patients.

Patients and methods

Twenty cases were randomly chosen and undergo an equal division into two groups: group I underwent only SRP, group II underwent SRP as well as frankincense extract gel. Applying frankincense extract gel subgingivally was carried out after initial SRP (day 1), 7, and 14 days. Clinical measurements involved probing depth, bleeding on probing, as well as clinical attachment level. qRT-PCR was performed to identify the treatment’s effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinical measurements along with plaque samples for PCR were documented at baseline (prior to the therapy), 1, and 3 months following treatment.

Results

Group II (frankincense extract gel) exhibited statistically significant enhancement in all clinical parameters involving probing depth, clinical attachment level, as well as bleeding on probing. In addition, P. gingivalis revealed a significant reduction in its load as revealed from qRT-PCR as opposed to the control group.

Conclusion

Applying frankincense extract gel subgingivally has exhibited potent antibacterial properties. As it is biologically accepted by most cases when applied in periodontal pockets, it is advised to be utilized in addition to SRP for managing moderate chronic periodontitis cases as well as others under the periodontal maintenance phase.
Unveiling the role of mitofusin proteins in periodontal inflammation: Mitofusin-1 and Mitofusin-2 perspectives
Authors: Sharma Himani , Tripathi Umang
Published: October 2024

Periodontal diseases result from the complex interplay between microbial pathogens and the host immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in mitochondrial dynamics proteins, particularly Mitofusin-1 (MFN1) and Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal inflammation. Dysregulation of MFN1 and MFN2 expression levels may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and exacerbated inflammation. Furthermore, MFN1 and MFN2 modulate inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling processes in periodontal tissues. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of MFN1 and MFN2 holds therapeutic potential for developing novel interventions targeting mitochondrial dynamics in periodontal diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific pathways regulated by MFN1 and MFN2 and validate their potential as therapeutic targets in periodontal inflammation. This review explores the involvement of MFN1 and MFN2 in periodontal inflammation, shedding light on their mechanistic contributions and therapeutic implications.
Effect of chewing simulation in different Ph solutions on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia
Authors: Sallam Alaa S. , Masaod Gaber I. , El-dessouky Radwa A.
Published: October 2024

Aim

In vitro study is to evaluate the effect of chewing simulation in different ph solutions on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia.

Patients and methods

Forty zirconia bars (N = 40) were cut off zirconia disc using IsoMet. Each bar was 2 mm thickness, 25 mm length and 5 mm width. Specimens were divided into four groups (n = 10). The first group (control) was ready for universal test of flexural strength. Second, third, and fourth group were ready for chewing simulation but in different PH solutions acidic, neutral, and alkaline respectively. These solutions were collected from the lab (acidic-PH = 4, alkaline PH = 10). Twenty extracted human premolars (divided vertically into two halves by IsoMet) were collected for study as antagonist material for chewing simulation. After chewing simulation of these groups, the flexural strength was measured for them and SEM.

Results

Group 1 (control) showed the highest flexural strength with the mean value (745.21 ± 69.47) followed by group 3 (neutral) (720.40 ± 92.47), then group 2 (acidic) (507.56 ± 111.99), and finally group 4 (alkaline) (497.26 ± 172.90) with the least flexure of strength. There was significance between group 1 (control) and group 2 (acidic) and highly significant with group 4 (alkaline). There was no significance with group 3 (neutral). SEM showed that no cracks in control group. Group (2) surfaces were very smooth with amorphous structure showing disperessed small pores. Group (3) air voids were found entrapped between zirconia grains. Group (4) the surface was rough showing large compact flacks’ fragmentation and branched cracks.

Conclusions

This study clearly illustrates the significance of flexural strength in different pH of an aqueous solution in terms of the chewing of zirconia ceramics. Cyclic loading decreases flexural strength of 4% yttrium zirconia in neutral but not significantly. In alkaline and in neutral there were significant decrease in flexural strength with chewing due to degradation of stabilizers and transformation tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase. This degradation was in alkaline group more than in acidic group.
Depression, anxiety, and stress among dental students, Kafr El Sheik University, Egypt: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sabry Marwa
Published: October 2024

Background

Dentistry students face many pressures associated with treatment methods, training, and Faculty-level administration. Although several research have assessed the anxiety, stress, and depression of undergraduate students studying dentistry globally, data is limited in Egypt. This work aimed to determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Kafr El Sheik University, Egypt.

Methods

This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study included 400 students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Kafr El Sheik University, Egypt. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling using a physical copy of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21) questionnaire.

Results

Depression level was low in 90 (22.5%), moderate in 215 (53.8%), and high in 95 (23.8%) participants. Anxiety level was low in 134 (33.5%), moderate in 193 (48.3%), and high in 73 (18.3%) participants. Stress level was low in 43 (10.8%), moderate in 206 (51.5%), and high in 151 (37.8%) participants. There was a significant relation between overall DASS 21 and age greater than 20, higher year, female sex, below average financial status, and last year’s regrade of students (P value < 0.001, 0.008, and 0.041, respectively) and an insignificant relation between overall DASS 21 and residence of students. A significant relation between year and (depression, anxiety, stress, and overall DASS 21) was observed.

Conclusions

The significant depression, anxiety, and stress prevalence among Egyptian dentistry students is concerning.
Classification of normal phylogenetic varieties for tripods
Authors: Dinu Rodica Andreea , Vodička Martin
Published: October 2024

We provide a complete classification of normal phylogenetic varieties coming from tripods and, more generally, from trivalent trees. Let

G

be an abelian group. We prove that the group-based phylogenetic variety

X_{G,\mathcal{T}}

, for any trivalent tree

\mathcal{T}

, is projectively normal if and only if

G\in \{\mathbb{Z}_{2}, \mathbb{Z}_{3}, \mathbb{Z}_{2}\times\mathbb{Z}_{2}, \mathbb{Z}_{4}, \mathbb{Z}_{5}, \mathbb{Z}_{7}\}

.
Graded Lie algebras, compactified Jacobians and arithmetic statistics
Authors: Laga Jef
Published: October 2024

A simply laced Dynkin diagram gives rise to a family of curves over

\mathbb{Q}

and a coregular representation, using deformations of simple singularities and Vinberg theory, respectively. Thorne conjectured and partially proved a strong link between the arithmetic of these curves and the rational orbits of these representations. In this paper, we complete Thorne’s picture and show that 2-Selmer elements of the Jacobians of the smooth curves in each family can be parametrised by integral orbits of the corresponding representation. Using geometry-of-numbers techniques, we deduce statistical results on the arithmetic of these curves. We prove these results in a uniform manner. This recovers and generalises results of Bhargava, Gross, Ho, Shankar, Shankar and Wang. The main innovations are an analysis of torsors on affine spaces using results of Colliot-Thélène and the Grothendieck–Serre conjecture, a study of geometric properties of compactified Jacobians using the Białynicki-Birula decomposition, and a general construction of integral orbit representatives.