bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly(Acrylic Acid) Modification of Nd3+‐Sensitized Upconversion Nanophosphors for Highly Efficient UCL Imaging and pH‐Responsive Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Bei , Chen Yinyin , Li Chunxia , He Fei , Hou Zhiyao , Huang Shanshan , Zhu Haomiao , Chen Xueyuan , Lin Jun
Published: June 2015

In this work, a simple method is demonstrated for the synthesis of multifunctional core–shell nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Yb@NaNdF4:Yb@NaYF4:Yb@PAA (labeled as Er@Y@Nd@Y@PAA or UCNP@PAA), which contain a highly effective 808‐nm‐to‐visible UCNP core and a thin shell of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to achieve upconversion bioimaging and pH‐sensitive anticancer chemotherapy simultaneously. The core–shell Nd3+‐sensitized UCNPs are optimized by varying the shell number, core size, and host lattices. The final optimized Er@Y@Nd@Y nanoparticle composition shows a significantly improved upconversion luminescence intensity, that is, 12.8 times higher than Er@Y@Nd nanoparticles. After coating the nanocomposites with a thin layer of PAA, the resulting UCNP@PAA nanocomposite perform well as a pH‐responsive nanocarrier and show clear advantages over UCNP@mSiO2, which are evidenced by in vitro/in vivo experiments. Histological analysis also reveals that no pathological changes or inflammatory responses occur in the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and spleen. In summary, this study presents a major step forward towards a new therapeutic and diagnostic treatment of tumors by using 808‐nm excited UCNPs to replace the traditional 980‐nm excitation.
Subacute Tissue Response to 3D Graphene Oxide Scaffolds Implanted in the Injured Rat Spinal Cord
Authors: López‐Dolado Elisa , González‐Mayorga Ankor , Portolés María Teresa , Feito María José , Ferrer María Luisa , del Monte Francisco , Gutiérrez María Concepción , Serrano María Concepción
Published: June 2015

The increasing prevalence and high sanitary costs of lesions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) at the spinal cord are encouraging experts in different fields to explore new avenues for neural repair. In this context, graphene and its derivatives are attracting significant attention, although their toxicity and performance in the CNS in vivo remains unclear. Here, the subacute tissue response to 3D flexible and porous scaffolds composed of partially reduced graphene oxide is investigated when implanted in the injured rat spinal cord. The interest of these structures as potentially useful platforms for CNS regeneration mainly relies on their mechanical compliance with neural tissues, adequate biocompatibility with neural cells in vitro and versatility to carry topographical and biological guidance cues. Early tissue responses are thoroughly investigated locally (spinal cord at C6 level) and in the major organs (i.e., kidney, liver, lung, and spleen). The absence of local and systemic toxic responses, along with the positive signs found at the lesion site (e.g., filler effect, soft interface for no additional scaring, preservation of cell populations at the perilesional area, presence of M2 macrophages), encourages further investigation of these materials as promising components of more efficient material‐based platforms for CNS repair.
Virus Nanoparticles Mediated Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Metavarayuth Kamolrat , Sitasuwan Pongkwan , Luckanagul Jittima Amie , Feng Sheng , Wang Qian
Published: June 2015

There are few methodologies that allow manipulating a biomaterial surface at nanometer scale, which controllably influence different cellular functions. In this study, virus nanoparticles with different structural features are selected to prepare 2D substrates with defined nanoscale topographies and the cellular responses are investigated. It is demonstrated that the viral nanoparticle based substrates could accelerate and enhance osteogenesis of bone derived mesenchymal stem cells as indicated by the upregulation of osteogenic markers, including bone morphogenetic protein‐2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, at both gene and protein expression levels. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium mineralization, both indicators for a ­successful bone formation, are also increased in cells grown on these nanoscale possessed substrates. These discoveries and developments present a new paradigm for nanoscale engineering of a biomaterial surface.
Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity of Boron‐Doped Graphene Derived from Boron Carbide
Authors: Vineesh Thazhe Veettil , Kumar M. Praveen , Takahashi Chisato , Kalita Golap , Alwarappan Subbiah , Pattanayak Deepak K. , Narayanan Tharangattu N.
Published: June 2015

A single material that can perform water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), also called bifunctional catalyst, represents a novel concept that emerged from recent materials research and that has led to applications in new‐generation energy‐storage systems, such as regenerative fuel cells. Here, metal/metal‐oxide free, doped graphene derived from rhombohedral boron carbide (B4C) is demonstrated to be an effective bifunctional catalyst for the first time. B4C, one of the hardest materials in nature next to diamond and cubic boron nitride, is converted and separated in bulk to form heteroatom (boron, B) doped graphene (BG, yield ≈7% by weight, after the first cycle). This structural conversion of B4C to graphene is accompanied by in situ boron doping and results in the formation of an electrochemically active material from a non‐electrochemically active material, broadening its potential for application in various energy‐related technologies. The electrocatalytic efficacy of BG is studied using various voltammetric techniques. The results show a four‐electron transfer mechanism as well as a high methanol tolerance and stability towards ORR. The results are comparable to those from commercial 20 wt% Pt/C in terms of performance. Furthermore, the bifunctionality of the BG is also demonstrated by its performance in water oxidation.
Myeloproliferative neoplasm patient symptom burden and quality of life: Evidence of significant impairment compared to controls
Authors: Anderson Lesley A. , James Glen , Duncombe Andrew S. , Mesa Ruben , Scherber Robyn , Dueck Amylou C. , de Vocht Frank , Clarke Mike , McMullin Mary F.
Published: June 2015

The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) including polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are rare diseases contributing to significant morbidity. Symptom management is a prime treatment objective but current symptom assessment tools have not been validated compared to the general population. The MPN‐symptom assessment form (MPN‐SAF), a reliable and validated clinical tool to assess MPN symptom burden, was administered to MPN patients (n = 106) and, for the first time, population controls (n = 124) as part of a UK case–control study. Mean symptom scores were compared between patients and controls adjusting for potential confounders. Mean patient scores were compared to data collected by the Mayo Clinic, USA on 1,446 international MPN patients to determine patient group representativeness. MPN patients had significantly higher mean scores than controls for 25 of the 26 symptoms measured (P < 0.05); fatigue was the most common symptom (92.4% and 78.1%, respectively). Female MPN patients suffered worse symptom burden than male patients (P < 0.001) and substantially worse burden than female controls (P < 0.001). Compared to the Mayo clinic patients, MPN‐UK patients reported similar symptom burden but lower satiety (P = 0.046). Patients with PMF reported the worst symptom burden (88.3%); significantly higher than PV patients (P < 0.001). For the first time we report quality of life was worse in MPN‐UK patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). Am. J. Hematol. 90:864–870, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is there a “magic” hemoglobin number? Clinical decision support promoting restrictive blood transfusion practices
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence Tim , Shah Neil
Published: June 2015

Blood transfusion has been identified as one of the most frequently performed therapeutic procedures, with a significant percentage of transfusions identified to be inappropriate. Recent key clinical trials in adults have provided Level 1 evidence to support restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices. However, some advocates have attempted to identify a “correct” Hb threshold for RBC transfusion; whereas others assert that management of anemia, including transfusion decisions, must take into account clinical patient variables, rather than simply one diagnostic laboratory test. The heterogeneity of guidelines for blood transfusion by a number of medical societies reflects this controversy. Clinical decision support (CDS) uses a Hb threshold number in a smart Best Practices Alert (BPA) upon physician order, to trigger a concurrent utilization self‐review for whether blood transfusion therapy is appropriate. This review summarizes Level 1 evidence in seven key clinical trials in adults that support restrictive transfusion practices, along strategies made possible by CDS that have demonstrated value in improving blood utilization by promoting restrictive transfusion practices. Am. J. Hematol. 90:927–933, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the SPECC1L mutation phenotypic spectrum to include Teebi hypertelorism syndrome
Authors: Bhoj Elizabeth J. , Li Dong , Harr Margaret H. , Tian Lifeng , Wang Tiancheng , Zhao Yan , Qiu Haijun , Kim Cecilia , Hoffman Jodi D. , Hakonarson Hakon , Zackai Elaine H.
Published: June 2015

Teebi hypertelorism syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that has eluded a molecular etiology since first described in 1987. Here we report on two unrelated families with a Teebi hypertelorism‐like syndrome and Teebi hypertelorism phenotype who have missense mutations in Sperm Antigen With Calponin Homology And Coiled‐Coil Domains (SPECC1L), previously associated with oblique facial clefting and Opitz G/BBB syndrome. The first patient and his affected mother were previously‐reported by Hoffman et al. in this journal as a new syndrome resembling Teebi hypertelorism and Aarskog syndromes in 2007. This patient had hypertelorism, sagittal and coronal craniosynostosis, ptosis, natal teeth, unusual umbilicus, shawl scrotum, small hands, and feet, with grossly normal development. Our second patient had classic Teebi hypertelorism syndrome with hypertelorism and a giant umbilical hernia. Patient one and his affected mother had a c.1260G>C:p.E420D variant and patient two had a de novo c.1198_1203delATACAC:p.I400_H401del variant in SPECC1L. We review the phenotypic findings in the previously‐published Teebi hypertelorism syndrome patients, and the Opitz G/BBB patients with SPECC1L mutations. In addition we emphasize the findings of aortic root dilation and craniosynostosis in these patients, which should be considered in their management. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fundamental physics with cosmic particles
Authors: Resconi Elisa
Published: June 2015

Cosmic rays (charged particles), γ‐rays and neutrinos offer unique opportunities to extend the search for dark matter, to test quantum gravity phenomenology through the study of the invariance of the group of Lorentz transformations, and to probe the existence of sterile neutrinos. We discuss here these tests of beyond the Standard Model particle physics with present and planned future missions including the Pierre Auger Observatory, the space‐borne mission Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS‐02), Fermi‐LAT, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory as presently operating experiments, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and the IceCube‐Gen2 as future large scale infrastructures.

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Ein Dimetalloxycarben‐Bindungsmodus und der reduktive Kupplungsmechanismus zur Bildung von Oxalat ausgehend von CO2
Authors: Paparo Albert , Silvia Jared S. , Kefalidis Christos E. , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun , Cummins Christopher C.
Published: June 2015

Wir beschreiben ein stabiles, isolierbares Dimetalloxycarben [(TiX3)2(μ2‐CO2‐κ2C,O:κO′)], 5 (X=N‐(tert‐Butyl)‐3,5‐dimethylanilid), das NMR‐spektroskopischen Studien bei variabler Temperatur zufolge durch fluktuierende μ2‐κ2C,O: κ1O′‐Koordination des Carben‐C‐Atoms an beide Ti‐Zentren des zweikernigen Komplexes 5 stabilisiert wird. Quantenchemische Rechnungen am unmodifizierten Molekül lassen auf eine höhere Energie von nur +10.5 kJ mol−1 für den μ2‐κ1O: κ1O′‐Bindungsmodus des freien Dimetalloxycarbens gegenüber dem μ2‐κ2C,O:κ1O′‐Bindungsmodus des maskierten Dimetalloxycarbens schließen. Der kationische Ausgangskomplex [(TiX3)2(μ2‐OCHO‐κO:κO′)][B(C6F5)4], 4[B(C6F5)4], mit verbrückendem Formiatliganden wurde einfach mit der starken Base K(N(SiMe3)2) zu 5 deprotoniert. Komplex 5 reagiert glatt mit CO2 zum verbrückten Oxalatkomplex [(TiX3)2(μ2‐C2O4‐κO:κO′′)], 6, in einer C‐C‐bindungsbildenden Reaktion, die allgemein für die Oxalatbildung durch reduktive Kupplung von CO2 an niedervalenten Übergangsmetallkomplexen erwartet wird.
Hybridization Gap and Dresselhaus Spin Splitting in EuIr4In2Ge4
Authors: Calta Nicholas P. , Im Jino , Rodriguez Alexandra P. , Fang Lei , Bugaris Daniel E. , Chasapis Thomas C. , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: June 2015

EuIr4In2Ge4 is a new intermetallic semiconductor that adopts a non‐centrosymmetric structure in the tetragonal ${I\bar 42m}$ space group with unit cell parameters a=6.9016(5) Å and c=8.7153(9) Å. The compound features an indirect optical band gap Eg=0.26(2) eV, and electronic‐structure calculations show that the energy gap originates primarily from hybridization of the Ir 5d orbitals, with small contributions from the Ge 4p and In 5p orbitals. The strong spin–orbit coupling arising from the Ir atoms, and the lack of inversion symmetry leads to significant spin splitting, which is described by the Dresselhaus term, at both the conduction‐ and valence‐band edges. The magnetic Eu2+ ions present in the structure, which do not play a role in gap formation, order antiferromagnetically at 2.5 K.
Oxygen‐chelated indenylidene ruthenium catalysts for olefin metathesis
Authors: Xie Yu , Yuan Ye , Mousavi Bibimaryam , Cai Yuan , Kai Cheng , Lu Yin , Yusubov Mehman , Verpoort Francis
Published: June 2015

Olefin metathesis is a transition metal‐mediated transformation that rearranges the carbon atoms of the carbon–carbon double bond of olefins. This reaction has become one of the most important and powerful reactions. Therefore development of new, well‐defined, highly active and selective catalysts is very desirable and a valuable goal. This mini‐review mainly introduces the development of ruthenium catalysts in olefin metathesis highlighting oxygen‐chelated indenylidene ruthenium catalysts. Applying an alkoxyl group on the indenylidene ligand fragment can generate the RuO chelating bond. Additionally, various modifications of the ligand as well as the catalytic activity for ring‐closing metathesis reaction and selectivity of cross metathesis reaction are overviewed. Finally, the perspectives on the development of new catalysts are summarized. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One Step Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Pd–Fe3O4@Polypyrrole Composites and Their Application in Catalysis
Authors: Yao Tongjie , Wang Hao , Zuo Quan , Wu Jie , Zhang Xiao , Cui Fang , Cui Tieyu
Published: June 2015

The simple preparation of catalysts with superior catalytic activity and good reusability is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel strategy to construct reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Pd–Fe3O4@polypyrrole (PPy) catalysts with Pd and Fe3O4 nanoparticles anchored on a rGO nanosheet surface and wrapped in a PPy shell. The synthesis and assembly of both the Pd and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the preparation of the PPy layer, and the reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets were finished in one step. In the system, the PPy layer not only prevented aggregation of Pd and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, but also generated a synergistic effect with precursor Pd2+ ions, which led to a high dispersity of as‐prepared Pd nanoparticles. Although the procedure was simplified to one step, the catalytic activity and reusability were not sacrificed. In the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol, their catalytic performance was better than that in recent reports. Moreover, the catalysts showed good reusability owing to their magnetic properties.
ATCEM: a synthetic model for evaluating air traffic complexity
Authors: Xiao Mingming , Zhang Jun , Cai Kaiquan , Cao Xianbin
Published: June 2015

Air traffic complexity, which measures the disorder of air traffic distribution, has become the critical indicator to reflect air traffic controller workload in air traffic management (ATM) system. However, it is hard to assess the system accurately because there are too many correlated factors, which make the air traffic complexity nonlinear. This paper presents an air traffic complexity evaluation model with integrated classification using computational intelligence (ATCEM). To avoid redundant factors, critical factors contributing to complexity are analyzed and selected from numerous factors in the ATCEM. Subsequently, to construct the mapping relationship between selected factors and air traffic complexity, an integrated classifier is built in ATCEM. With efficient training and learning based on aviation domain knowledge, the integrated classifier can effectively and stably reflect the mapping relationship between selected factors and the category of air traffic complexity to ensure the precision of the evaluation. Empirical studies using real data of the southwest airspace of China show that the ATCEM outperforms a number of state‐of‐the‐art models. Moreover, using the critical complexity factors selected in ATCEM, the air traffic complexity could be effectively estimated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and disposition of novel mono‐hydroxyl mefenamic acid and their potentially toxic 1‐O‐acyl‐glucuronides in vivo
Authors: Fong Sophia Yui Kau , Zhang Yufeng , Wong Yin Cheong , Zhou Limin , Han Quanbin , Zuo Zhong
Published: June 2015

Mefenamic acid (MEF) is a widely prescribed non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that has been found associated with rare but severe cases of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. The formation of protein‐reactive acylating metabolites such as 1‐O‐acyl‐MEF glucuronide (MEFG) and 3′‐hydroxymethyl‐MEF 1‐O‐acyl‐glucuronide is one proposed cause. In addition to the well‐reported 3′‐hydroxymethyl‐MEF, two mono‐hydroxyl‐MEF (OH‐MEFs) were recently identified in vitro. However, in vivo evidence is lacking and whether these OH‐MEFs would be further glucuronidated to the potentially reactive 1‐O‐acyl‐glucuronides (OH‐MEFGs) is unknown. Utilizing UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS and LC‐MS/MS, the current study identified, for the first time, four OH‐MEFs and their corresponding OH‐MEFGs from plasma after a single oral administration of MEF (40 mg/kg) to rats, including an OH‐MEF that has not been reported previously. The systemic exposure of these identified metabolites was high, with metabolic to parent AUC0→24h ratios reaching 23–52% (OH‐MEFs) and 8–29% (OH‐MEFGs). These metabolites also had a long systemic exposure time in both single and 5 day multiple oral MEF‐treated rats, with elimination half‐lives between 9 h and > 24 h. In addition to these novel metabolites, the previously reported MEFG was also identified and its systemic exposure was found to be doubled after multiple MEF administrations. These pharmacokinetic results suggest that systemic toxicities caused by the potentially reactive MEFG and OH‐MEFGs could be considerable, especially after repeated MEF treatment. Nevertheless, MEFG and OH‐MEFGs had negligible uptake in the brain, indicating a minimal risk of brain toxicities. Furthermore, an in situ intestinal perfusion study revealed that during MEF absorption, it was extensively metabolized to MEFG while < 5% was metabolized to OH‐MEFs and OH‐MEFGs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of antibiotic EC50using a zero‐flow microfluidic chip based growth phenotype assay
Authors: Dai Jing , Suh Sang‐Jin , Hamon Morgan , Hong Jong Wook
Published: June 2015

Current existing assay systems for evaluating antimicrobial activity suffer from several limitations including excess reagent consumption and inaccurate concentration gradient preparation. Recently, microfluidic systems have been developed to provide miniaturized platforms for antimicrobial susceptibility assays. However, some of current microfluidic based assays require continuous flows of reagents or elaborate preparation steps during concentration preparation. In this study, we introduce a novel microfluidic chip based growth phenotype assay that automatically generates a logarithmic concentration gradient and allows observing the growth of pathogenic bacteria under different concentrations of antibiotics in nanoliter batch culture reactors. We chose pathogen bacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosaas a model strain and evaluated the inhibitory effects of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. We determined theEC50values and confirmed the validity of the present system by comparing theEC50values obtained through conventional test tube method. We demonstrated that theEC50values acquired from present assay are comparable to those obtained from conventional test tube cultures. The potential application of present assay system for investigating combinatorial effects of antibiotics on multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria is discussed and it can be further used for systematic evaluation of antifungal or antiviral agents.
Advanced process monitoring and feedback control to enhance cell culture process production and robustness
Authors: Zhang An , Tsang Valerie Liu , Moore Brandon , Shen Vivian , Huang Yao‐Ming , Kshirsagar Rashmi , Ryll Thomas
Published: June 2015

It is a common practice in biotherapeutic manufacturing to define a fixed‐volume feed strategy for nutrient feeds, based on historical cell demand. However, once the feed volumes are defined, they are inflexible to batch‐to‐batch variations in cell growth and physiology and can lead to inconsistent productivity and product quality. In an effort to control critical quality attributes and to apply process analytical technology (PAT), a fully automated cell culture feedback control system has been explored in three different applications. The first study illustrates that frequent monitoring and automatically controlling the complex feed based on a surrogate (glutamate) level improved protein production. More importantly, the resulting feed strategy was translated into a manufacturing‐friendly manual feed strategy without impact on product quality. The second study demonstrates the improved process robustness of an automated feed strategy based on online bio‐capacitance measurements for cell growth. In the third study, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured online and were used to automatically control the glucose feed, which in turn changed lactate metabolism. These studies suggest that the auto‐feedback control system has the potential to significantly increase productivity and improve robustness in manufacturing, with the goal of ensuring process performance and product quality consistency. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2495–2504. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro incorporation of a cell‐binding protein to a lentiviral vector using an engineered split intein enables targeted delivery of genetic cargo
Authors: Chamoun‐Emanuelli Ana M. , Wright Gus , Roger Smith , Münch Robert C. , Buchholz Christian J. , Chen Zhilei
Published: June 2015

Gene therapy represents a promising therapeutic paradigm for addressing many disorders, but the absence of a vector that can be robustly and reproducibly functionalized with cell‐homing functionality to mediate the delivery of genetic cargo specifically to target cells following systemic administration has stood as a major impediment. In this study, a high‐affinity protein–protein pair comprising a splicing‐deficient naturally split intein was used as molecular Velcro to append a HER2/neu‐binding protein (DARPin) onto the surface of a binding‐deficient, fusion‐competent lentivirus. HER2/neu‐specific lentiviruses created using this in vitro pseudotyping approach were able to deliver their genetic reporter cargo specifically to cells that express the target receptor at high levels in a co‐culture. We envision that the described technology could provide a powerful, broadly applicable platform for the incorporation of cell‐targeting functionality onto viral vectors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2611–2617. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building an end‐to‐end ISP broadband infrastructure as an advanced networking subject
Authors: Miles Christopher Raymond , Chan Ka Ching
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the development of an unsupervised, project‐based networking subject at the Bendigo campus of La Trobe University. With a view of producing work‐ready IT graduates, the advanced subject requires students to build an end‐to‐end ADSL broadband infrastructure, commonly used by Internet service providers. Unlike other project‐based subjects, the subject content is well structured, with documentation prepared for both students and lecturers. Seven milestones are clearly defined to ensure students make steady progress over the semester. This paper describes the subject delivery method, milestones, and the setup of equipment for experiments. The subject gives students the opportunity to gain in‐depth knowledge of how ADSL services are provided. This unsupervised project‐based subject is designed to meet the challenge faced by many universities to deliver sustainable, cost effective, and yet high quality subjects for a very small number of students. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:16–26, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21667
Sirolimus effects on cancer incidence after kidney transplantation: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yanik Elizabeth L. , Siddiqui Kulsoom , Engels Eric A.
Published: June 2015

Sirolimus, an immunosuppressant option for kidney transplant recipients, may reduce cancer risk by interrupting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. However, studies of sirolimus and cancer incidence in kidney recipients have not been definitive, and have had limited ability to examine specific cancer types. The literature was systematically reviewed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of kidney recipients that compared sirolimus users to sirolimus nonusers. Meta‐analytic methods were used to obtain pooled estimates of the association between sirolimus use and incidence of total cancer and specific cancer types. Estimates were stratified by study type (RCTvs. observational) and use of cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant that affectsDNArepair). TwentyRCTs and two observational studies were eligible for meta‐analysis, including 39,039 kidney recipients overall. Sirolimus use was associated with lower overall cancer incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.56–0.90), driven by a reduction in incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC,IRR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.32–0.76). The protective effect of sirolimus onNMSCrisk was most notable in studies comparing sirolimus against cyclosporine (IRR = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.04–0.84). After excludingNMSCs, there was no overall association between sirolimus and incidence of other cancers (IRR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.69–1.63). However, sirolimus use had associations with lower kidney cancer incidence (IRR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.20–0.81), and higher prostate cancer incidence (IRR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.17–2.91). Among kidney recipients, sirolimus users have lowerNMSCrisk, which may be partly due to removal of cyclosporine. Sirolimus may also reduce kidney cancer risk but did not appear protective for other cancers, and it may actually increase prostate cancer risk.
Tagging Glycoproteins with Fluorescently Labeled GDP‐Fucoses by Using α1,3‐Fucosyltransferases
Authors: Seelhorst Katrin , Pahnke Katharina , Meier Chris , Hahn Ulrich
Published: June 2015

Fucose‐containing glycans mediate a variety of biological processes, but there is little information on reaction processes and mechanisms mediated by fucosyltransferases. We recently reported on fluorescently labeled GDP‐β‐L‐fucose‐ATTO 550, which enabled monitoring of α1,3‐fucosyltransferase activity. Here we present an extension to the previously described results, based on the synthesis of a fluorescein‐isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled and two carboxyfluorescein‐labeled (FAM‐labeled) NDP‐β‐L‐fucose derivatives, and applied all four compounds in labeling of different glycoproteins with the aid of four different fucosyltransferases. The labeling processes were analyzed by in‐gel fluorescence and fluorescence polarization measurements. Comparison with the ATTO‐labeled sugar revealed that the FITC‐labeled fucose was the best of these substrates, and that the bacterial enzyme HP‐FucT tolerated the fluorescent substrates better than human fucosyltransferases.
Model‐Based Recognition of Mid‐Infrared Sensor Fouling in Paracetamol Crystallization
Authors: Minnich Clemens B. , Helmdach Lydia , Ulrich Joachim , Feth Martin P.
Published: June 2015

A procedure for the recognition of undesired solid deposition on the optical element of an attenuated total reflectance probe for online mid‐infrared spectroscopy during crystallization processes is presented. Unlike other approaches, the method exclusively uses intelligent spectral analysis for solid recognition and does not require additional devices. Indirect hard modeling enables the separation of the solid material's contribution to the mixture spectra from those contributions of the dissolved material and the solvents, expressed through the predicted component weights. The detection of the solid component weight is promising for implementation into process monitoring or control.
Controllability Analysis of Process Alternatives for Biobutanol Purification
Authors: Angelina‐Martínez Anyeli Yahaira , Sánchez‐Ramírez Eduardo , Quiroz‐Ramírez Juan José , Segovia‐Hernández Juan Gabriel
Published: June 2015

Biobutanol has characteristics similar to petroleum fuel and is considered as a superior biofuel compared to ethanol. The development of technologies for biobutanol production by fermentation has resulted in higher final biobutanol concentrations together with less energy‐intensive separation and purification techniques. These new technological developments have the potential to provide a production process for biobutanol that is economically viable in comparison to the petrochemical pathway for its production. The control properties of four different possible process designs for biobutanol purification are analyzed. The results, using the singular value decomposition technique, indicated that the scheme where only biobutanol flow is purified, and both ethanol and acetone leaving the purification process mixed with water and biobutanol traces, showed the best control properties.
Baseline Model for the Simulation of Bubbly Flows
Authors: Rzehak Roland , Krepper Eckhard , Liao Yixiang , Ziegenhein Thomas , Kriebitzsch Sebastian , Lucas Dirk
Published: June 2015

The bubble size is a key parameter appearing in closure relations for the Euler‐Euler two‐fluid model. The bubble size distribution is established as a result of bubble coalescence and breakup processes. These processes are very complex, and therefore, a two‐step procedure is adopted for model validation where, in a first step, measured values are substituted for the bubble size distribution. In this way, the uncertainties of the less developed modeling for bubble coalescence and breakup are bypassed and a validation of the other parts of the overall model becomes possible. In a second step, the previously qualified models for bubble forces and bubble‐induced turbulence are used without any change and the validity of the models for bubble coalescence and breakup can be assessed.
Fluid Dynamics of Droplets as a Useful Tool to Determine Coverage and Adsorption Kinetics of Surfactants
Authors: Paul Niklas , Schulz Joschka M. , Kraume Matthias
Published: June 2015

In many industrial applications impurities such as surfactants occur. These interfacially active molecules adsorb at liquid‐liquid interfaces where they influence the occurring transport processes, which again affect reaction rates of multiphase reactions or contact times in extraction columns etc. To quantify the influences on the given applications, the interfacial coverage of the liquid‐liquid interface with surfactant molecules must be known. The measurement of the fluid dynamics of single droplets provides a sensitive tool to capture any interfacial phenomena which changes the interfacial characteristics. This method was tested by applying two different surfactants in the system water/1‐octanol. In some cases, the determination of the fluid dynamics provides a more reliable method for determining changes of the interfacial characteristics than the measurement of the interfacial tension.
Time‐Resolved Fluorescence HPLC Detection Using Semiconductor Light Sources: Principles and Applications
Authors: Landgraf Stephan
Published: June 2015

Simultaneous static and time‐resolved fluorescence detection in HPLC systems using time‐correlated single photon counting and modulation techniques is a very recent topic in analytical and physical chemistry. Whereas most commercial systems use simple intensity detection in fluorescence systems or fluorescence spectra with very low sensitivity, here, real‐time time‐resolved fluorescence counting with on‐the‐fly data evaluation and display like a typical chromatogram are applied. Both results are independent and characteristic for the fluorescent analytes and exhibit equal sensitivity. For ns resolution, modern semiconductor light sources are used. Modern electronics allow a setup in typical HPLC component size and the measuring procedure requires no adjustment or calibration for the chromatogram. Rapid modification for new applications is possible due to the flexible modular design. The application is patent pending.
Stoichiometric and Catalytic Inter‐ and Intramolecular Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Mahdi Tayseer , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: June 2015

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) based on sterically encumbered anilines and the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 were found to react with terminal alkynes effecting intermolecular hydroamination affording iminium alkynylborate species of the form [RPhNC(R′)Me][R′CCB(C6F5)3]. In these cases, the reagent ratio of borane, aniline, and alkyne is 1:1:2. These reactions could also be performed in an intramolecular fashion by using anilines with alkynyl substituents effecting cyclization reactions. The use of 10 mol % B(C6F5)3 under a H2 atmosphere provides a one‐pot synthesis of the pyrrolidine 12, the piperidines 13–15, the azepane 16, the isoindoline 17, and the benzoxazine 18.
ChemInform Abstract: Protic Anions [H(B12X12)]‐ (X: F, Cl, Br, I) that Act as Broensted Acids in the Gas Phase.
Authors: Jenne Carsten , Kessler Mathias , Warneke Jonas
Published: June 2015

The protic anions [H(B12X12)]‐ (X: F, Cl, Br, I) are investigated with respect to their ability to protonate neutral molecules in the gas phase by using a combination of tandem mass spectrometry and quantum‐chemical calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Homocatenation of Aluminum: Alkane‐Like Structures of Li2Al2H6 and Li3Al3H8.
Authors: Gish J. Tyler , Popov Ivan A. , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: June 2015

Based on the Coalescence Kick search program coupled with DFT calculations on the potential energy surfaces of Li2Al2H6 and Li3Al3H6 a new class of homocatenated LinAlnH2n+2 compounds is proposed in which Al abstracts an electron from Li and thus becomes valence isoelectronic with C, Si, and Ge.
ChemInform Abstract: Intricate Short‐Range Ordering and Strongly Anisotropic Transport Properties of Li1‐xSn2+xAs2.
Authors: Kovnir Kirill , et al.
Published: June 2015

Li1‐xSn2+xAs2 (0.2 < x < 0.4) phases are prepared by stoichiometric solid state reaction of the elements (evacuated silica tubes, 973 K, 2 h; cooling to 423 K over 30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Na4IrO4: Square‐Planar Coordination of a Transition Metal in d5 Configuration Due to Weak On‐Site Coulomb Interactions.
Authors: Kanungo Sudipta , Yan Binghai , Merz Patrick , Felser Claudia , Jansen Martin
Published: June 2015

The title compound is prepared via the azide/nitrate route employing a 10:2:3 mixture of NaN3, NaNO3, and IrO2 under Ar (pressed pellets, steel vessel with Ag inlay, 600 °C, 50 h).
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Diffraction, Moessbauer Spectroscopy, Magnetic Susceptibility, and Specific Heat Investigations of Na4NpO5 and Na5NpO6.
Authors: Smith Anna L. , Hen Amir , Raison Philippe E. , Colineau Eric , Griveau Jean‐Christophe , Magnani Nicola , Sanchez Jean‐Pierre , Konings Rudy J. M. , Caciuffo Roberto , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: June 2015

The structures of the title compounds are determined by Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data.
ChemInform Abstract: Interrupted Chalcogenide‐Based Zeolite‐Analogue Semiconductor: Atomically Precise Doping for Tunable Electro‐/Photoelectrochemical Properties.
Authors: Lin Jian , Dong Youzhen , Zhang Qian , Hu Dandan , Li Na , Wang Le , Liu Yang , Wu Tao
Published: June 2015

The zeolite‐analog semiconductors (Hpip)24 [In28Se54(H2O)4] ·4H2O (I) and (Hpip)24 [In26Bi2Se54(H2O)2] ·4H2O (II) (pip: piperidine) are prepared by solvothermal reaction of a 4.5:1:0.3 molar mixture of Se, In, and Bi (in the case of Bi doping) in a mixed solvent of pip and H2O (170 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Orderings in Li2Cu(WO4)2 with Tungstate‐Bridged Quasi‐1D Spin‐1/2Chains.
Authors: Muthuselvam I. Panneer , Sankar Raman , Singh Viveka Nand , Rao G. Narsinga , Lee Wei‐Li , Guo Guang‐Yu , Chou Fang‐Cheng
Published: June 2015

The magnetic and electronic properties of the title compound are characterized by synchrotron powder XRD, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of a [20]Silafullerane with an Endohedral Chloride Ion.
Authors: Tillmann Jan , Wender Josef Heinrich , Bahr Ute , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Holthausen Max C. , Wagner Matthias
Published: June 2015

Discrete Si20 dodecahedra stabilized by an endohedral guest and valence saturation are prepared by a Cl‐‐induced disproportionation of Si2Cl6 in the presence of Bu3N.
ChemInform Abstract: MH4P6N12 (M: Mg, Ca): New Imidonitridophosphates with an Unprecedented Layered Network Structure Type.
Authors: Marchuk Alexey , Celinski Vinicius R. , Schmedt auf der Guenne Joern , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: June 2015

Isotypic MH4P6N12 (M: Mg, Ca) compounds are prepared by high‐pressure/high‐temperature reactions of stoichiometric amounts of M3N2, HPN2, and P3N5 (multi‐anvil press, 8 GPa, 1000 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Proton Conductivity of a New Two‐Dimensional Layered Aluminophosphate [C9H14N]8 [H2O]4· [Al8P12O48H4].
Authors: Zhu Jingran , Yan Yan , Liu Jiancong , Song Xiaowei
Published: June 2015

[Bn‐NHMe2]8(H2O)4 [Al8P12O48H4] is prepared by reaction of Al(O‐iPr)3, H3PO4, and Bn‐NMe2 in the presence of FeCl3 or CoCl2 in tetraethylene glycol and H2O under solvothermal conditions (autoclave, 130 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Formation of Thermodynamically Unstable Novel Borohydride Materials by a Wet Chemistry Route.
Authors: Jaron Tomasz , Wegner Wojciech , Fijalkowski Karol J. , Leszczynski Piotr J. , Grochala Wojciech
Published: June 2015

M[Y(BH4)4] (M: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) compounds are prepared by ball milling (20‐30 min) of a 1:1:3 molar mixture of anhydrous YCl3, (Bu4N)BH4, and LiBH4 (5 mol% excess) followed by extraction of (Bu4N)[Y(BH4)4] with CH2Cl2 (DCM) and CHCl3 and subsequent solvent evaporation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence Properties of a New Microporous Europium Silicate: Na3EuSi6O15·1.47H2O.
Authors: Liu Wei , Ji Ying , Liu Fuyang , Yang Min , Wang Ying , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: June 2015

Na3EuSi6O15·1.47H2O is prepared under high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions using a Na:Eu:Si = 10:1:6 molar mixture of NaOH, Eu2O3, and SiO2 (autoclave, 750 MPa, 400 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ba2GeS4 and Mg2SnS4: Synthesis, Structures, Optical Properties and Electronic Structures.
Authors: Wu Kui , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: June 2015

Ba2GeS4 (I) and Mg2SnS4 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of BaS and GeS2 (1050 °C, 72 h) and MgS and SnS2 (850 °C, 72 h), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: FeII Spin‐Crossover Phenomenon in the Pentadecanuclear {Fe9[Re(CN)8]6} Spherical Cluster.
Authors: Chorazy Szymon , Podgajny Robert , Nakabayashi Koji , Stanek Jan , Rams Michal , Sieklucka Barbara , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: June 2015

Single crystals of title compound (IV) are grown by self‐assembly in a MeOH solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted Silver‐Catalyzed Protodeboronation of Arylboronic Acids and Esters.
Authors: Liu Chun , Li Xinmin , Wu Yonghua
Published: June 2015

The method is highly efficient for the protodeboronation of a wide range of arylboronic acids and also for the efficient deprotection of bifunctional amine (IV) under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Decomposition of Benzoylthioureas into Benzamides and Thiobenzamides under Solvent‐Free Conditions Using Iodine—Alumina as the Catalyst and Its Mechanistic Study by Density Functional Theory.
Authors: Nahakpam Lokendrajit , Chipem Francis A. S. , Chingakham Brajakishor S. , Laitonjam Warjeet S.
Published: June 2015

For benzoylthiourea substrates (I), bearing an electron‐donating group at the para‐position of the aryl group, the formation of benzamide (II) is favored.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Alkyne Annulation by Weak Coordination with O2 as the Sole Oxidant.
Authors: Warratz Svenja , Kornhaass Christoph , Cajaraville Ana , Niepoetter Benedikt , Stalke Dietmar , Ackermann Lutz
Published: June 2015

This is the first example of a ruthenium‐catalyzed alkyne annulation via C—H functionalization using oxygen as the oxidant giving isocoumarins and other pyran‐fused ring systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization and Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Iodoalkanes and Aryl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Kim Jae Gon , Son Young Hoon , Seo Jin Won , Kang Eun Joo
Published: June 2015

The reaction is assumed to proceed via a radical process.
ChemInform Abstract: UV Light‐Mediated Difunctionalization of Alkenes Through Aroyl Radical Addition/1,4‐/1,2‐Aryl Shift Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Zheng Lewei , Huang Hongli , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: June 2015

The aroyl radical in situ generated from a photocleavage reaction, is added to acrylamide compounds followed by cyclization to give oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene‐Mediated Oxygenation of Benzylic C(sp3)‐H Bonds with N‐Hydroxyamides at Room Temperature.
Authors: Qian Peng‐Cheng , Liu Yu , Song Ren‐Jie , Hu Ming , Yang Xu‐Heng , Xiang Jian‐Nan , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: June 2015

A new and general, catalyst‐free strategy for the formation of C(sp3)—O bonds is established by iodosobenzene diacetate‐mediated oxygenation of benzylic C(sp3)—H bonds with N‐hydroxyamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Dihydrogen Generation from TMDS: Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides on Water.
Authors: Bhattacharjya Anish , Klumphu Piyatida , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: June 2015

While nitro groups are reduced to amino groups during dehalogenations, ester, keto, aldehyde, amide and cyano groups remain unaffected.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Cyanation of Sulfoximines by AIBN.
Authors: Teng Fan , Yu Jin‐Tao , Zhou Zhou , Chu Haoke , Cheng Jiang
Published: June 2015

A simple and environmentally benign protocol for the direct cyanation of sulfoximines to N‐cyanosulfoximines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: AsCat and FurCat: New Pd Catalysts for Selective Room‐Temperature Stille Cross‐Couplings of Benzyl Chlorides with Organostannanes.
Authors: Ronson Thomas O. , Carney Jonathan R. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Taylor Richard J. K. , Fairlamb Ian J. S.
Published: June 2015

Succinimide‐based palladium complex catalysts with either triphenylarsenic or trifuranylphospine ligands are used for the coupling of organostannanes with benzyl halogenides at ambient temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Uehling Mycah R. , Suess Alison M. , Lalic Gojko
Published: June 2015

The reaction proceeds with high regio‐ and E/Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Addition Reaction of Methanetricarboxylates to Unactivated Terminal Acetylenes.
Authors: Hori Shunsuke , Murai Masahito , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: June 2015

The reaction gives exclusively the E isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed, Controllable C—H Mono‐/Diarylation of Aryl Tetrazoles: Concise Synthesis of Losartan.
Authors: Ding Yan‐Jun , Li Yan , Dai Sheng‐Yu , Lan Quan , Wang Xi‐Sheng
Published: June 2015

This is the first example of a tetrazole‐directed C—H arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Medium Fluorous Grubbs—Hoveyda 2nd Generation Catalyst for Phase Transfer Catalysis of Ring Closing Metathesis Reactions.
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Inukai Sae , Kondo Natsuki , Watanabe Tomoko , Sugiyama Yuya , Hamamoto Hiromi , Shioiri Takayuki , Matsugi Masato
Published: June 2015

A fluorous Grubbs—Hoveyda metathesis catalyst supported on Teflon powder is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano CuFe2O4: An Efficient, Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Transesterification of β‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Gohain Mukut , Kumar Vinod , van Tonder Johannes H. , Swart Hendrik C. , Ntwaeaborwa Odireleng M. , Bezuidenhoudt Barend C. B.
Published: June 2015

Domino reaction of 5‐alkoxy‐ or 5‐aminoisoxazoles (I) with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under metal relay catalysis provides access to 2,4‐dicarbonylpyrrole derivatives in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Dicarboxamides Through Pd‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation with Diamines as N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Carrilho Rui M. B. , Almeida Ana R. , Kiss Mercedesz , Kollar Laszlo , Skoda‐Foeldes Rita , Dabrowski Janusz M. , Moreno Maria Jose S. M. , Pereira Mariette M.
Published: June 2015

A versatile and atom‐economical route to alkenyl and aryl dicarboxamides by catalytic aminocarbonylation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous MW Eco‐Friendly Protocol for Amino Group Protection
Authors: Nardi M. , Cano N. Herrera , Costanzo P. , Oliverio M. , Sindona G. , Procopio A.
Published: June 2015

with Boc2O, Fmoc‐Cl, Ac‐Cl and Tos‐Cl
ChemInform Abstract: Water Mediated Reactions: TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticle Catalyzed Multi Component Domino Reaction in the Synthesis of Tetrahydroacridinediones, Acridindiones, Xanthenones and Xanthenes.
Authors: Pugazhenthi Ilangovan , Ghouse Shaik Mohammed , Nawaz Khan Fazlur‐Rahman , Jeong Euh Duck , Bae Jong Seong , Kim Jong‐Pil , Chung Eun Hyuk , Kumar Yadavalli Suneel , Dasaradhan Changalraya
Published: June 2015

The new methodology offers a domino reaction strategy, high yield, simple operation, recyclability, and is eco‐friendly.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective and Diastereoselective Borono‐Mannich Reactions with Pinacol Allenylboronate.
Authors: Thaima Thanaphat , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: June 2015

The first documented study of the borono‐Mannich (Petasis) reactions of pinacol allenylboronate is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 2‐Heteroaromatic‐Substituted 1,2‐Amino Alcohols from Chiral tert‐Butanesulfinyl Aldimines.
Authors: Chen Yantao , Goldberg Frederick W. , Xiong Jian , Wang Shujun
Published: June 2015

Nine R/S pairs of heteroaromatic‐substituted amino alcohols are prepared by nucleophilic addition of heteroaromatic carbanions to chiral N‐(tert‐butylsulfinyl)imines.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Hydroxyallylsilanes as Propionaldehyde Enolate Equivalents and Their Use Toward Iterative Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Ruiz Johal , Murthy Akondi Srirama , Roisnel Thierry , Chandrasekhar Srivari , Gree Rene
Published: June 2015

Smooth and efficient reaction conditions for the transformation of protected β‐hydroxyacylsilanes into the corresponding aldehydes are developed.