bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale optical turbulence simulations above Tibetan Plateau: first attempt
Authors: Qing Chun , Wu Xiaoqing , Li Xuebin , Luo Tao , Su Changdong , Zhu Wenyue
Published: January 2020

The vertical distributions of optical turbulence (

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n

2

profiles) are a major factor in defining the capabilities of ground-based telescopes and interferometers. As site-testing campaigns are extremely expensive and instruments only provide the local atmospheric parameter, atmospheric modeling might represent an advance prediction result in astronomical sites. The key meteorological parameters and the integrated astroclimatic parameters (Fried parameter r0, seeing ɛ, isoplanatic angle θAO and wavefront coherence time τAO) related to the

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profiles above the Tibetan Plateau are investigated for astronomical applications by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Radiosonde measurements from a field campaign at Lhasa station above the Tibetan Plateau are used to quantify the ability of this model. The results show that the

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profile decreases rapidly in the surface layer, increasing with height from the boundary layer to low stratosphere, and decreases gradually in the high free atmosphere. From the whole campaign measurements above the Tibetan Plateau, the mean r0 is 8.64 cm, the mean ɛ is 1.55′′, the mean θAO is 0.42′′ and the mean τAO is 1.89 ms, and the comparison with the other world’s leading observatory sites have been presented. In addition, such as the bias and the root-mean-squared error are used to quantify the performance of the WRF model. In spite of the model performance in reconstructing the meteorological parameters is reasonable in general, the uncertainty in quantifying the

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profiles and the integrated parameters are not negligible in some cases. The main results of this study tell us that the WRF model could provide a useful resource to design, monitor the performance of, and even optimize the operation of sophisticated Adaptive Optics (AO) systems.
Overcoming standard quantum limit using a momentum measuring interferometer
Authors: Davuluri Sankar , Li Yong
Published: January 2020

We show that back-action noise in the momentum measurement of a damped
forced oscillator can be suppressed because of damping. Using this
principle, we propose a back-action suppressed interferometer, in
which the signal is a function of momentum of atoms in a harmonic
trap. We show that the quantum noise limited sensitivity of this
interferometer can overcome the standard quantum limit of force
sensing, even at frequencies much smaller than the eigen frequency of
the harmonic trap.
Optical vortex rotation and propagation from a spiral phase plate resonator with surface reflective coating
Authors: Rumala Yisa S.
Published: January 2020

A spiral phase plate resonator (SPPR) is created by depositing a reflective coating on the surfaces of a single conventional spiral phase plate (SPP) for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Optical transmission through the SPPR on the output plane of the device is measured to give sharp Fabry–Perot resonances as a function of beam roll angle. Similar measurements are performed for the reflected light emerging from the input plane of the SPPR device. Varying the light frequency going into the SPPR changes the orientation of the angular pattern (Fabry–Perot resonances) to give the rotational constant of the device, in agreement with theory. The optical mode profile is measured after the beam has propagated beyond the plane of the SPPR device while remaining in the diffraction near field, thus revealing new features in the transmitted optical beam. These new results have important implications for developing the SPPR for microscopy, imaging, angle measurement, rotational scanning, and LiDAR.
Sensing concept based on Bloch surface waves and wavelength interrogation
Authors: Gryga Michal , Ciprian Dalibor , Hlubina Petr
Published: January 2020

We report on a new, to the best of our knowledge, sensing concept based on Bloch surface waves (BSWs) and wavelength interrogation that utilizes the interference of

s

- and

p

-polarized waves from a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC), represented by a multilayer structure comprising a glass substrate and four bilayers of

T
i
O

2

/

S
i
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with a termination layer of

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i
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. We show that when a standard approach based on measurement of the reflectance of a

p

- or

s

-polarized wave in the Kretschmann configuration fails to confirm the excitation of the BSW, a new approach is successful. We demonstrate that the BSW excitation shows up as a dip with maximum depth, and resonance thus obtained is comparable in magnitude with resonance commonly exhibited by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The new sensing concept is verified experimentally for ethanol vapors. The BSW resonances are resolved within two band gaps of the 1DPhC with sensitivities of 3272 nm/RIU and 1403 nm/RIU, and figures of merit of

43.7

R
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U

−
1

and

173.2

R
I
U

−
1

, respectively. This research, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first demonstration of a new SPR-like response that can be utilized in a wide range of sensing applications.
Direct hyperspectral dual-comb imaging
Authors: Martín-Mateos Pedro , Khan Farid Ullah , Bonilla-Manrique Oscar Elías
Published: January 2020

Even though dual-comb-based systems are employed almost routinely nowadays in an ever-increasing number of applications, an efficient combination of this effective technique with an imaging arrangement, which would undoubtedly revolutionize hyperspectral imaging, had not yet been demonstrated. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first hyperspectral dual-comb imaging system in which interferograms are directly detected by a video camera. The system, based on a dual-comb scheme capable of consistently generating interferograms at a rate of 1 Hz and below, combines fast hyperspectral imaging with unprecedented optical resolution and fully multiplex operation. Various proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating hyperspectral imaging of molecular resonances have proved that the direct hyperspectral dual-comb imaging method presented here is capable of characterizing a scene with super-fine resolution in a narrow optical span within 1 s.
Prospective Validation of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) Score for Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Extremities
Authors: Hsiao Cheng-Ting , Chang Chia-Peng , Huang Tsung-Yu , Chen Yi-Chuan , Fann Wen-Chih
Published: January 2020

Objectives

The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was developed as a clinical decision tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. We prospectively evaluated the performance of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score for the diagnosis of patients with necrotizing fasciitis in the extremities.

Methods

We conducted a prospective and observational cohort study of emergency department patients with necrotizing fasciitis or severe cellulitis in the extremities between April 2015 and December 2016. The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was calculated for every enrolled patient. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of cut-off scores of 6 and 8 were evaluated. The accuracy of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

A total of 106 patients with necrotizing fasciitis and 825 patients with cellulitis were included. With an Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis cut-off score ≥6, the sensitivity was 43% (95% confidence interval 34% to 53%), specificity was 83% (95% confidence interval 80% to 86%), positive predictive value was 25% (95% confidence interval 20% to 30%), and negative predictive value was 92% (95% confidence interval 91% to 93%); with an Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis cut-off score ≥8, the sensitivity was 27% (95% confidence interval 19% to 37%), specificity was 93% (95% confidence interval 91% to 94%), positive predictive value was 33% (95% confidence interval 25% to 42%), and negative predictive value was 91% (95% confidence interval 90% to 92%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for accuracy of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was 0.696 (95% CI 0.640 to 0.751).

Conclusion

The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score may not be an accurate tool for necrotizing fasciitis risk stratification and differentiation between severe cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis in the emergency department setting based on our study.
El cooperativismo danés en el sistema societal de alternativas al capitalismo. Trayectorias nacionales y dinámicas transnacionales
Authors: Ahedo Santisteban Manuel
Published: January 2020

El cooperativismo en Europa se ha mantenido como una importante tradición de organización socioeconómica alternativa a las formas capitalistas dominantes, y es parte del sistema societal de alternativas al capitalismo. Este sistema se fundamenta en la construcción de formas colectivas y cooperativas de producción e intercambio. La sociedad de Dinamarca se caracteriza por ser una sociedad de ciudadano/as-trabajadore/as empoderado/as. Para entender el papel del cooperativismo en el sistema nacional danés de alternativas al capitalismo se realiza un doble análisis: a) un análisis del tipo de cooperativismo danés con sus variantes y trayectorias particulares, y b) un análisis de la coevolución del cooperativismo en relación a otros movimientos que han desarrollado la dimensión colectiva en la socioeconomía, en concreto el movimiento laboral-sindical y el movimiento socialdemócrata de bienestar público. El análisis nacional se enmarca en el contexto regional de los países nórdicos y de Europa.
Az ut pictura poesis velencei mestere: Giovan Mario Verdizzotti és állatmeséi
Authors: Vígh Éva
Published: January 2020

The paper (The Venetian master of the ut pictura poesis: Giovan Mario Verdizzotti and his animal fables) is dedicated to a little-known author of the Italian Renaissance: Giovan Mario Verdizzotti, poet and painter, a pupil of Titian. His masterpiece (Cento favole morali / Hundred moral fables) belongs to the rich literature of the sixteenth-century fables, whose particularity lies in the fact that the illustrations were made by the author himself thus realizing in one person the principle of the Horatian ut pictura poesis. The paper analyzes some fables demonstrating the harmony between the story and the drawing, and at the same time compares the structure and style of his woodcuts with those of the collection of Faerno and Pavesi, declared sources of our author.
Klasszikus, bibliai és középkori reminiszcenciák Petrarca Sine nomine-leveleiben
Authors: Ertl Péter
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze some classical, biblical and medieval literary reminiscences in Petrarch’s collection of satirical letters against the Papal court of Avignon, called Liber sine nomine. The examples examined illustrate how the poet combined the classical tradition with the Christian one and, thanks to the passages evoked, provided his own text with a further, political-polemical meaning. Moreover, the identification of an allusion to Virgil’s Aeneid allows a slight correction to be made to the critical text of the ninth epistle.
Egy ezeréves műfaj születése: antik hagyomány a Cinquecento olasz utópiáiban
Authors: Róth Márton
Published: January 2020

Ever since Thomas More’s “golden little book” was published in 1516 in Leuven, every notion of social theory and every theory of state which has projected an ideal social system to a non-existent place has been called utopia. Utopias pursuing answers to contemporary social, economic and moral questions also emerged in the struggling Italy of the XVIth century, gaining enormous popularity in the literature of the ancien régime. The goal of the present study is to describe the general characteristics of renaissance utopias and the most influential authors and works of the period – bearing in mind that the genre did not exist as a well-founded paradigm at the time. Discussing their characteristics, the study aims to pay special attention to presenting the antique authors and works inspiring this evolving genre beside the Morean tradition, as well as elements borrowed from the antiquity, which later became literary tropes.
A dantei Orpheus: egy makrotextuális modell
Authors: Draskóczy Eszter
Published: January 2020

My paper focuses on the influence of an important descent-into-hell narratives of classical literature, the catabasis of Orpheus on Dante's journey through the other world. Dante, in his own confession, is familiar with the Ovidian myth of the Thracian poet, but he is undoubtedly influenced also by other elaborations and interpretations of the myth. One of the aims of this work is to present and explore these sources. The special feature of Orpheus is that he is both poet and traveller of the underworld, and in this quality he turns out an unique Greek-Roman mythological antecedent of Dante. The other purpose of my analysis is to examine Dante's attitude with the comparison of Dante's texts and their possible sources, while taking into consideration the 14th century commentaries to Dante which shed light to the intellectual horizon of the contemporary reader.
Ammonia Predicts Hepatic Involvement and Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Bloom Patricia P. , Rodriguez-Lopez Josanna , Witkin Alison S. , Al-Samkari Hanny , Kuter David J. , Mojtahed Amirkasra , Luther Jay
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is common and can be associated with severe clinical consequences, including portal hypertension, cardiac failure, and encephalopathy. However, there are no reliable clinical predictors of hepatic involvement and its associated complications, limiting appropriate identification of these patients. In this work, we define the utility of serum ammonia and liver biochemical tests (LFTs) in predicting hepatic HHT involvement and its complications.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective study examining a well-characterized cohort of patients with HHT. Clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, liver imaging, transthoracic echocardiography assessment of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and history of other HHT-related outcomes were assessed. Patients were followed for the development of encephalopathy.

RESULTS:

Of 45 patients with definite HHT, 18 (40%) had elevated ammonia levels. An elevated ammonia associated with the presence of hepatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) on imaging (P < 0.03) and when combined with elevated liver tests increased the sensitivity for hepatic AVMs by 18% (55% for LFTs vs 73% for LFTs plus ammonia). Furthermore, an elevated serum ammonia in patients with HHT associated with an elevated RVSP (>35 mm Hg), providing an 80% sensitivity and 71% specificity for predicting the presence of pulmonary hypertension. In contrast, there was no association with an elevated serum ammonia and encephalopathy over a total of 859 months of follow-up.

DISCUSSION:

Elevated ammonia in a cohort of patients with HHT was associated with the presence of hepatic AVMs and elevated RVSP, but no other complications of HHT, including encephalopathy.
The Measurement of Islamic Bank Performance: A Study Using Maqasid Index and Profitability
Authors: Rusydiana Aam , Al Parisi Salman
Published: January 2020

This study aims to 1) measure Syariah Maqasid Index (SMI) and Profitability Index (PI) of Islamic Banks, and 2) compare the Syariah Maqasid and Profitability Index of Islamic Banks during 2011-2014 with cartesian diagram. This research consists of 2 methods: syariah maqasid index weighting (sekaran method), and Comparative Performance Index (CPI). The object of research consist of 11 Islamic Banks (BUS) in Indonesia with annual data 2011 to 2014. Result: Syariah Maqasid Index of BUS during 2011-2014 from the highest to the lowest, namely Panin Syariah (0254), BCAS (0212), BMI (0208), BRIS (0207), BSM (0202), BSB (0.2008), BJBS ( 0.2006), Victoria Syariah (0199), Maybank Syariah (0197), BNIS (0195), Mega Syariah Bank (0172). Then Profitability Index of BUS in 2011-2014 from the highest to the lowest, namely Maybank Syariah (628.5), Bank Mega Syariah (472.1), BSM (459.9), Panin Syariah (395.5), Victoria Sharia (355.4), BNIS (252.6), BMI (218.2), BCAS (155.4), BSB (150.9), BRIS (135.3), and BJBS (122.3). Conclusion: The highest of Syariah Maqasid Index is Panin Syariah Bank in period 2011-2014, while the highest of Profitability Index is Maybank Syariah in period 2011-2014.
The Relation Between Minimum Wages and Poverty in Indonesia: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Syarif Ahmad , Wibowo Wahyu Hadi
Published: January 2020

This study is part of Islamic economics research that aims to determine the relationship between the minimum wage and poverty rate in Indonesia, especially case studies in West Java, Central Java, East Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta, and Banten during the period 2007-2013. In addition to the primary independent variable, there are six control variables are used, the level of education, the GDP per capita, unemployment rate, inflation rate, average wages and economic growth. The analysis technique used in this study are Arellano Bond Dynamic GMM (Generalized Method of Moment). The results of this study found that the minimum wage is not a significant effect on poverty levels in 2007-2013, especially in the districts/cities in West Java, Central Java, East Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta and Banten. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that government has responsibilities and sufficient role to reduce poverty through minimum wage standardization, the state also has responsibilities to create social security, both for those who are unable to work, informal workers and vulnerable workers, so that the level of wages (income) they can meet any basic needs according to Ibn Hazm include food, clothing, health, education and housing.
vulnerability of islamic banking
Authors: Albanna Hasan
Published: January 2020

The recent global financial crisis has renewed the focus on the resistance of Islamic banks in order to confront the crisis. While several empirical studies show that Islamic banks have no resist from the crisis. thus, Islamic banks run their business side by side with their counterpart and play the game under the same umbrella and the rules of game. In case of Indonesia, which implement dual banking system, Islamic banks have potential to be effected by the variables of conventional banks. Which mean, this condition led the Islamic banks have the vulnerable spot in economic life. This paper aim to examine the stability of Islamic banks and to discern dynamic behavior of Islamic banks to the macroeconomic variables such as GDP, inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate. the measure of stability of Islamic banks formulated as z-score. Then, We use VAR/VECM analysis in order to see the dynamic behavior and the vulnerability of Islamic banks. the paper found several findings, first, during the global financial crisis, Islamic banks more stable than the conventional banks, while after the global financial crisis conventional banks tend to be more stable than Islamic banks. Second, From the IRF test display that Islamic banks react sensitively to the shock of interest rate. however, Islamic banks prohibit the practice of interest rate. even though, in practical reason, Islamic bank use interest rate as benchmarking to determine the price. This condition put the Islamic Banks in vulnerable condition. Third, the FEVD test showed that the stability of Islamic banks mostly contribute by its own stability then followed by GDP, interest rate, exchange rate and Inflation. At the seventh period the stability of Islamic banks mostly contribute by its stability then followed by Inflation rate, GDP, exchange rate and interest rate.
Remedy for Unproductive Researches and Disintegrated Information in Islamic Finance: ‘Riba Information Queries Digital Portal’
Authors: Khan TAHREEM
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Islamic finance industry evolution and development has been a central concern to scholars, researchers, and managers alike. However for last few years, academia and practitioners have indicated on a serious note that the success and growth of Islamic finance is getting affected because of lack of integration and collaborative approach between different institutions and key actors. Fragmentation plagues the thought process thus saps research productivity, it further create deadlock in research innovation, and makes it hard to be responsive according to the industry and customer needs.  In that case, it is essential to find an answer: How a valuable and impactful platform can be designed which can add knowledge to individuals, bankers and society aswell? Realizing the challenge of fragmented information and disconnected issues in Islamic finance sector, this research attempt to propose a solution which can assist Islamic bankers, Islamic finance education providers, shariah scholars, students and researchers in gathering information and conducting more useful and productive research.
NILAI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM DALAM KURIKULUM MADRASAH
Authors: Rofik Rofik
Published: January 2020

One criticism to Learning of Islamic Culture History (SKI) in Madrasah / School is memorization (rote) stigma. This criticism is quite reasonable, because in practical terms Islam Cultural History as a subject is often taught in informative or just in rote. One fact is reflected in the allotment of instructional time in the curriculum of 1994, for example, only one lesson hour. Medium scope and sequence of material is very wide and deep. This article aims to eliminate the stigma by finding Learning Value of Cultural History of Islam in the grand design SKI Content Standards in the madrasa curriculum of 1994, 2004, 2006, 2008 (specially PAI and Arabic Madrasa) and 2013. In order to be found on the basis of their human values, namely Islam, as a religion, then traced to the values of Islam to the Islamic Cultural History Value and finally to the Value of Learning History Islamic Cultural embodied in four categories, namely material value, formal value, functional value, and essential values.
PARADIGMA REVOLUSI MENTAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER BANGSA BERBASIS SINERGITAS ISLAM DAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Maragustam Maragustam
Published: January 2020

Mental revolution associated with a massive revamp of the human mind which manifests in three mindset patterns, confident, and patterns of taste-spirituality that bear behavior. That three patterns were based on the values that is planted in a person, they are: religion, culture-tradition, and philosophy of the nation. The existence of a person’s mental character is influenced by many factors, namelyeducation, environment, heredity and global culture. The global culture is useful to make everything easier to do in all areas of life, but on the other hand, the negative impact of global culture created secularism, materialism, hedonism, liberalism and the absence of religious spirituality. Therefore, this research attempts to answer how does the mental revolution paradigm toward characer establishment that based on the synergy of Islam and educational philosophy, how the strategy implies, and which values are needed to be revolutionized primarily. The approach is qualitative-reference by using analysis technique such as : content analysis, data reduction, data display and data verification. The conclusion is that a paradigm of mental revolution is basically the positive (good)-interactive mental of human and also dual-interactive. Mental revolution should be carried through stages and lasting continuously through six holistic and integral pillars:civilizing-habituation, moral knowing, moral loving and feeling, moral acting, modelling and conversion to implement takhalli, tahalli and tajalli.
“MUSLIM PROGRESIF” OMID SAFI DAN ISU-ISU ISLAM KONTEMPORER
Authors: Murfi Ali , Nursyahidin Rahmad
Published: January 2020

The research reveals about the thought of Omid Safi about Progressive Muslims from naming, agenda, attendance reasons, to focus them on the realm of Islamic thought and relate it to trends in contemporary Islam. Progressive Muslim intended as an umbrella concept for people who want an open and safe space for running a rigorous and honest engagement with tradition, and hopefully will lead to further action. There are three major agenda (mission) of Progressive Muslims, the first social justice; both gender equality; The third received a plurality. The method adopted by Omid Safi in constructing the concept of Progressive Muslims are methods Multiple Critique. Progressive Muslims in an attempt to compare with trends in contemporary Islam is indeed a lot of help affirm the distinction in each trend. However, when we conducted an analysis of eight classification proposed by Abdullah Saeed on trends in contemporary Islam, seemingly progressive Muslims more fit in the category of groups ijtihadi Progressive, which modern thinkers on religion which seeks to reinterpret religious teachings in order to answer kebutuham modern society and Saeed himself quoting Omid Safi when defining trends of this last one.
SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA BERKARAKTER: ELIGIBLE DI ERA MEA (MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN)
Authors: Hamidi Nur , Hamidi Nur
Published: January 2020

Human resources is the ability of individuals both mind and physical power of a person in achieving the goals effectively and efficiently. Human resources in one country is different with other countries. Human resources is the one used by countries to develop their respective countries into a better country in all fields. In the era of the ASEAN economic community, eligible human resources urgently needed by a country so that the country can integrate with other countries. Developed countries will easily adapt to the era of the ASEAN economic community, but in contrary, countries that do not have high human resources have to prepare the human resources to be available in the era of the ASEAN economic community in the late 2015’s. The following strategies can be used to prepare eligible human resources in an ASEAN Economic Community era. They are: (1) Provide special skills possessed by a certain region that is different from other regions; (2) Embedding strong and visionary souls in competing with other countries; (3) Having high attitude towards serving customers. This can be evidenced by language and tools/technology mastery according to the specifications of the individual.
Dialog Lintas Agama dalam Perspektif Hans Kung
Authors: Harjuna Muhamad
Published: January 2020

This article discusses religious imperative in contributing to humanitarian problems, and is responsible for bringing about world peace. To make religion a source or principle to bring about peace, then it takes efort to dialog a religion with reality. In the case it will be discussed with a interreligious dialogue in the perspective of Hans Kung. According to Hans Kung, there is no world peace without the peace of religions. No peace of religions without a interreligious dialogue, and no interreligious dialogue without dives for the foundation of religions. The purpose of the interreligious dialogue according to Hans Kung is to reinvent religious souls so that it can be donated to various humanitarian problems. Hans Kung offered a constructive dialogue to built a consensus together with the purpose to create world peace. In the transition from the modern era to the postmodern era, Kung suggested a modern theological model called a critical ecumenical theology. Hans Kung also offers the importance of seeking a global ethic. Kung effort to set up a global ethic has a dual purpose, that is, to promote peace between religions and to “cure” the world that have a crisis of meaning, value, and norm. In addition, Kung also invited the religious people to make changes in the culture of the ko-existence to pro-existence. Kung also seeks to build a culture without violence. According to Hans Kung, the true religion is not only that does not conflict with humanity but also perfect humanity.
Agama dan Cakupan Ilmu Agama Menurut W.B. Sidjabat
Authors: Permata Intan
Published: January 2020

Artikel ini menelaah gagasan W.B. Sidjabat prihal studi dan ilmu Agama. Kajian in hampir dilupakan oleh para cendikiawan. Mereka lebih memfokuskan kajiannya pada pemikirn Mukti Ali, Rasyidi, dan beberapa tokoh ilmu perbandingan Agama lainnya. Di banding mereka, Sidjabat cenderung lebih objektif dalam membangun paradigama ilmu Agama. Menurutnya, agama merupakan sebuah bidang keilmuwan yang bersifat netral. Seorang peneliti tidak boleh berpihak dalam melakukan suatu penelitian agama, penelitian agama juga tidak hanya menggunakan satu metodologi saja, melainkan menggunakan beberapa metodologi dalam satu penelitian.studi agama dan cakupan ilmu agama menurut W.B Sidjabat yaitu membina hubungan yang akrab secara pribadi antara agama, membina etika religius di kalangan umat beragama, memperdalam pengetahuan tentang anutan umat beragama lain, dan merangsang kerjasama antar umat beragama secara praktis.
Hadis Dhubābah Perspektif Teori Parity danSymmetric Universe
Authors: Fikriyati Ulya Ulya
Published: January 2020

Salah satu bidang hadis yang menjadi konsentrasi kajian kontemporer adalah iʻjāz ‘ilmī. Artikel ini membahas hadis dhubābah. Selama ini, hadis dhubābah didekati dengan teori-teori medis dan kedokteran. Artikel ini sebenarnya menggunakan data yang sama dari ranah medis, namun mendekatinya dari perspektif fisika. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hadis dhubābah adalah teori parity dan universe is symmetryc. Kedua teori tersebut menjelaskan bahwa fisik segala materi di dunia dibentuk dan diciptakan secara simetris. Partikel mikro maupun makro selalu memiliki pasangan demi stabilitas semesta, tidak terkecuali anatomi tubuh lalat. Sisi luar fisik lalat kerap terpapar sisi negatif karena sering hinggap di tempat-tempat kotor. Namun lalat juga memproduksi zat imun paling tinggi dibanding dengan hewan-hewan lain dari dalam tubuhnya. Selain menjadi media hidup E-Coly (sisi negatif), lalat juga menjadi lahan subur tumbuhnya Actinomyces (sisi positif) yang dapat menghasilkan zat antri-mikroba actinomycetin. Actinomycetin dikenal sebagai zat yang dapat memusnahkan E-Coly. Tanpa parity yang sempurna, lalat tidak dapat hidup. Jika lalat tidak dapat hidup, maka sampah yang dihasilkan manusia akan lebih lama terurai. Jika sampah tersebut tidak segera terurai, maka akan terjadi symmetry-breaking yang mengubah semesta secara gradual.
PEMAKNAAN HADIS TENTANG KHILAFAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HERMENEUTIKA
Authors: Yusron Yusron
Published: January 2020

Bentuk pemerintahan khilafah dan ormas tertentu yang memaksakan ideloginya dalam kontkes NKRI menjadikan urgensi penelitian khilafah menjadi sangat penting. Hal ini sebagaimana dilakukan dalam perspektif hadis dan pemaknaannya dalam konteks sekarang. Dalam hadis-hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh beberapa periwayat, hadis yang menunjukkan bahwa satu-satunya khilafah sebagai bentuk negara adalah dalam tatanan masa pemerintahan khulafah al-rasidun. Bentuk pemerintahan disesuaikan dengan kepentingan masing-masing negara. Selain khilafah, terdapat beragam bentuk pemerintahan yang disebut dalam hadis yaitu mulkan ‘adhdhan (kerajaan yang menggigit) dan mulkan jabriyyah (kerajaan diktator). Hal yang membedakan dengan pemerintahan khilafah pada masa khulafa a-rasyidun adalah mereka dipilih dengan musyawarah dan bukan turun-termurun. Dalam perspektif hermeneutika, pemahaman atas hadis tentang khilafah harus dikembalikan kepada pembacaan secara utuh dalam perspektif historisnya dan dipahami pula dalam konteks kekinian. Sehingga, pola pemerintahan saat ini adalah mengikuti pola berdasarkan kepentingan bersama dalam sebuah negara dengan merujuk pada kenyataan historis.
Intellectual Disability and Experiencing Happiness
Authors: PORCZYŃSKA-CISZEWSKA ANNA
Published: January 2020

Anna Porczyńska-Ciszewska, Intellectual Disability and Experiencing Happiness. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019.Pp. 51-66. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.03

Although it may be challenging to unambiguously recognize and define it, the notion of experiencing happiness, a constituent of psychological well-being, is undoubtedly one of the key traits featuring every person, whether intellectually fit or disabled. The feeling of happiness plays a significant role when coping with various types of situations including also the circumstances faced by an intellectually disabled person. Due to the diversity and multeity of the dimensions where it occurs, the experience of happiness can be subject of analyses from various stances, including the viewpoint of an intellectually disabled person. It seems that the disabled individual’s ability to deal with difficulties, which also influences efficiency of the rehabilitation process, is actually determined by the feelings of happiness, content and optimism, all of which remain in a relation with one’s personality, life situation,and conditions in which they live. The article draws attention to the subject of experiencing happiness by and psychological well-being of intellectually disabled people. It emphasizes the possibility of both theoretical and practical applications of assumptions of positive psychology as a requisite condition for the optimization of functioning of intellectually disabled people. Beyond any doubt, due care for the intellectually disabled people’s experience of happiness and psychological wellbeing is one of the most crucial requirements of their rehabilitation process as “positive states of mind (…) provide the power to struggle with adversities of life”
Early childhood education and care of children with normal and abnormal development in Poland – its importance and barriers
Authors: BUCHNAT MARZENA , WOJCIECHOWSKA ANETA
Published: January 2020

Marzena Buchnat, Aneta Wojciechowska, Early childhood education and care of children with normal and abnormal development in Poland – its importanceand barriers. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019.Pp. 67-81. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.04

The article presents a discussion on the importance of early therapeutic interactions for the development of a child at risk of disability or with a disability and his/her family. It indicates the importance of the time of taking action in relation to a child with developmental disorder for the period from birth to the age of three years. The article pays special attention to the place of early intervention and early support in the development process, its preventive, compensatory and corrective role. It describes barriers to the development of this system in Poland and points to potential solutions to these difficulties.
Functioning of inclusion classrooms in the opinion of parents – organization, teacher training, individualized instruction and social relations
Authors: PRZYBYSZEWSKA DOMINIKA
Published: January 2020

Dominika Przybyszewska, Functioning of inclusion classrooms in the opinion of parents – organization, teacher training, individualized instruction and social relations. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019. Pp. 83-108. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.05

Inclusive education is one of the available forms of education for students with disabilities in Poland. Inclusion classrooms have fewer student and an additional teacher assistant. The schools in which this type of education takes place should meet a number of requirements. They start with the infrastructure and available teaching aids, and end with the teacher training and the availability of specialists. However, these are only prerequisites. In addition to them, the attitude of teachers and their training, the atmosphere prevailing in the school and the relations between students are important. All these elements are components on which success depends. The article presents the opinions of parents whose children attend such classes. Their voice is consistent with the results obtained by other researchers and the reports of the Supreme Audit Office (NIK)- there are no teaching aids, it isnot always possible to talk to specialists (staff shortages), the individualization used in working with students is insufficient, and the relations in classes are only seemingly good.
Stereotypes about the deaf and sign language in the thinking of special needs education students
Authors: KOCOŃ MALWINA , SKALNY MAGDALENA
Published: January 2020

Malwina Kocoń, Magdalena Skalny, Stereotypes about the deaf and sign language in the thinking of special needs education students. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019. Pp. 109-126. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.06

The article discusses the problems of deaf people, Polish sign language as well as Signed Polish (Manually-Coded Polish) in the context of stereotypes held by first year students of special needs education. The analysis of the results of empirical research indicates which of the stereotypes concerning deaf and sign language mentioned in the study are present in the thinking of the social group covered by the research and the frequency of their occurrence. It presents and explains terminological aspects regarding stereotypes and proposes postulates to eliminate negative stereotyping.
Prawnik jako peacemaker – przeprosiny, przebaczenie, pojednanie w opanowywaniu sporów prawnych
Authors: Zienkiewicz Adam
Published: January 2020

Stałe poszukiwanie, badanie i aplikowanie różnorodnych, polubownych form opanowywania sporów, w tym wykorzystujących takie instytucje, jak: przeprosiny, przebaczenie i pojednanie, należy uznać za jak najbardziej zasadne, gdyż może przynieść korzyści w wymiarze indywidualnym, interpersonalnym i społecznym. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie specyficznej roli zawodowej lub społecznej, jaką mogą wykonywać prawnicy, określanej mianem lawyer as peacemaker. W toku rozważań przedstawiono przyjmowane rozumienie roli i celów prawnika jako peacemaker, bazujące na autorskiej koncepcji holistycznego podejścia do prawa i praktyki prawniczej. Następnie podjęto kwestie dotyczące istoty aktu przeprosin, przebaczenia i pojednania w kontekście opanowywania sporów prawnych zgodnie z tzw. peacemaking. Ponadto w tekście zidentyfikowane zostały regulacje polskiego prawa cywilnego i karnego odnoszące się do przeprosin, przebaczenia oraz pojednania.
Patriotyzm w czasie pokoju
Authors: Derdziuk Andrzej
Published: January 2020

Troska o rozwój patriotyzmu jako postawy aktywnego angażowania się w poznawanie i rozwój dziedzictwa narodowego jest moralnym obowiązkiem chrześcijanina wypływającym z cnoty sprawiedliwości. Otwierając się na potrzeby innych członków wspólnoty narodowej, człowiek poszerza swoje horyzonty i rozwija talenty otrzymane od Boga. Patriotyzm obejmuje element poznawczy, uczuciowy i wolitywny, które pozwalają na integralne włączanie się w strzeżenie i rozwijanie duchowego i materialnego dziedzictwa własnej kultury. Rozwój cnoty miłości i sprawiedliwości jest ważnym wkładem w budowanie kapitału społecznego, który ma wymiar osobowy i obejmuje duchowy potencjał osób tworzących daną wspólnotę narodową. Wśród działań promujących patriotyzm w czasie pokoju należy wskazać angażowanie się w życie polityczne przez udział w wyborach i aktywność obywatelską oraz troskę o kulturę, gospodarkę i środowisko naturalne. Inwestowanie we własnym kraju, płacenie podatków i pozostawanie w ojczyźnie przyczyniają się do rozwoju wspólnoty narodowej.
The syllable in Kuki-Chin
Authors: Lotven Samson , Berkson Kelly , Wamsley James C. , Danaher Jillian , Van Bik Kenneth , Davis Stuart
Published: January 2020

The Kuki-Chin group of the Tibeto-Burman language family consists of upwards of 50 languages spoken mainly in western Myanmar, predominantly in Chin State and in neighboring areas of India and Bangladesh (Simons & Fennig (eds.). 2019. Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 21st edn. Dallas Texas: SIL International. Online version. http://www.ethnologue.com/). In the many daughter languages of Proto–Kuki-Chin, syllable structure simplification has yielded a synchronic situation in which individual languages are spread along a cline ranging from more conservative languages, some with complex onsets and vowel length distinctions, to more innovative languages, some with no coda consonants at all. The distribution and phonetic realization of these features vary across the Kuki-Chin group, raising a number of relevant questions about the underlying phonological representations of the Kuki-Chin syllable. This paper surveys representative structures from a variety of Kuki-Chin languages in order to highlight issues in syllable structure across these little-studied languages. In doing so, we aim to both unify observations on Kuki-Chin phonology related to the syllable, and to propose research that will further elucidate its structures.
A Nationwide Library System and Its Place in Knowledge Society and Smart Nation: The Case of Singapore
Authors: Dresel Robin , Henkel Maria , Scheibe Katrin , Zimmer Franziska , Stock Wolfgang G.
Published: January 2020

What role can a library system play in the development of a knowledge society and a smart city or a smart nation? In Singapore, we are able to identify governmental master plans to develop and to consolidate a knowledge society and a knowledge-based economy since around 1980. The current Smart Nation plan aims for comprehensive digital innovations in the country. Singapore’s National Library Board (NLB) is an agency of the Ministry of Communication and Information; it is responsible for the Public Libraries, the National Library, and the National Archives. Its duties are regulated by law. This article describes the tasks of NLB and its institutions, the physical as well as digital resources, NLB’s services (for instance, OneSearch and the Singapore Memory Project), important programs (e.g. activities to foster digital literacy and information literacy), NLB’s social media activities, and, finally, user participation (following design thinking) in the development of NLB’s services. In contrast to many other countries in the world, the nationwide library system in Singapore plays an important role on the way towards a knowledge society and Smart Nation as it fosters ubiquitous access to knowledge (content), provides spaces for the community, and attempts to deepen digital literacy skills of all Singaporeans.
Comparison of the Affective Responses to Continuous Training and High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols: Application of the Dual-Mode Model
Authors: Alicea Sheila K. , Parrott April D. , Manos Tina M. , Kwon Young Sub
Published: January 2020

Alicea, SK, Parrott, AD, Manos, TM, and Kwon, YS. Comparison of the affective responses to continuous training and high-intensity interval training protocols: application of the dual-mode model. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3069–3075, 2021—High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is time-efficient and has physiological benefits similar to or greater than that of continuous training (CT); however, there are mixed results regarding how HIIT protocols influence affect. The purpose of this study was to compare acute affective responses between HIIT and CT protocols over time using the Dual-Mode Model (DMM) as a theoretical framework. Subjects included 12 healthy women (aged 19–28 years) who completed a HIIT protocol consisting of a 2-minute work interval (100% V̇o
2max) followed by a 2-minute rest interval (∼55% V̇o
2max), and a CT protocol set at the workrate corresponding to their respiratory compensation point (RCP; ∼80% V̇o
2max). Protocols were matched for average intensity, total duration, and energy expenditure. After blood pressure, anthropometrics, body composition, and V̇o
2max measurements were taken, responses were recorded for affect (Feeling Scale [FS]), arousal (Felt Arousal Scale [FAS]), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) before each protocol, during the last 10 seconds of every 2 minutes during the protocol, and at time points 2, 5, and 10 minutes after the protocol. Heart rate was also monitored continuously, and exercise enjoyment was measured before and after exercise. A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in affect between CT (M = 2.5, SD = 2.1) and HIIT (M = 2.6, SD = 2.1) protocols over the duration of the exercise. There were no significant differences in mean RPE between CT (M = 12.9, SD = 2.7) and HIIT (M = 13.0, SD = 1.9) protocols (t = 0.333, p = 0.745) or in enjoyment between CT (M = 2.3, SD = 1.1) and HIIT (M = 2.0, SD = 0.9) protocols (t = −0.288, p = 0.492). In addition, based on visual inspection, the general patterning of the mean FS and FAS values between HIIT and CT was similar within the circumplex model, supporting the DMM. In conclusion, a HIIT protocol at V̇o
2max and 1:1 exercise:rest interval did not result in a different affect response, perceived exertion, or enjoyment level when compared with a CT protocol at RCP.
Effects of Energy Gel Ingestion on Blood Glucose, Lactate, and Performance Measures During Prolonged Cycling
Authors: Kozlowski Karl F. , Ferrentino-DePriest April , Cerny Frank
Published: January 2020

Kozlowski, KF, Ferrentino-DePriest, A, and Cerny, F. Effects of energy gel ingestion on blood glucose, lactate, and performance measures during prolonged cycling. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3111–3119, 2021—Endurance athletes have long used carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged exercise (most recently with energy gels) to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate energy gel ingestion schedules (e.g., manufacturer's recommendations vs. a more frequent ingestion schedule) during 2 hours of steady-state cycling exercise on (a) blood glucose, (b) blood lactate, and (c) performance of a subsequent 15-minute time trial (TT). Ten trained cyclists (5 men and 5 women, mean age = 28.4 ± 3.66 years; body mass = 68.9 ± 10.63 kg; and V̇o
2max = 54.57 ± 9.45 mlO2·kg−1·min−1) performed 3 exercise trials in a randomized order. One gel was ingested 15 minutes before exercise during all trials. The 3 experimental trials included gel ingestion every 30 minutes (T1), every 45 minutes (T2) during exercise, and no gel ingested during exercise (T3). Subjects cycled at 70% of V̇o
2max for 2 hours, followed by a 15-minute fixed gear TT. The blood glucose level at 60 minutes of exercise was higher during T1 (125.5 ± 30.96 mg·dl−1) and T2 (127.6 ± 14.82 mg·dl−1) compared with T3 (102.8 ± 15.85 mg·dl−1). Time trial distance was significantly greater for T1 (7.56 ± 0.77 km) and T2 (7.16 ± 0.92 km) than T3 (6.69 ± 0.74 km) (p = 0.003) with moderate to strong effect sizes between trials. There were no differences in blood lactate concentrations across trials. Ingestion of energy gels during prolonged cycling elevates blood glucose levels and enhances subsequent performance, whereas a more frequent ingestion elicits additional performance benefits.