bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volume of hippocampal subfields and cognitive deficits in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Cacciaguerra Laura , Valsasina Paola , Meani Alessandro , Riccitelli Gianna C. , Radaelli Marta , Rocca Maria A. , Filippi Massimo
Published: August 2021

Background

Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel is involved in hippocampal plasticity and is the target of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) autoimmunity. We measured volumes of hippocampal subfields and their association with cognitive performance in AQP4‐seropositive NMOSD patients.

Methods

Global and regional hippocampal volumes were derived from 28 AQP4‐seropositive NMOSD patients and 101 healthy controls (HC) from 3D‐T1‐weighted images. Normalized brain volumes were also calculated. A neuropsychological evaluation, including the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests, was performed in patients. Based on HC data, we estimated mean z‐scores of volumes in the whole NMOSD group and compared them according to the status of global and domain‐selective cognitive impairment.

Results

Global cognitive impairment was detected in 46.4% of NMOSD patients, with attentive (60.7%) and executive (21.4%) domains being the most affected. NMOSD patients had left hippocampal atrophy at global (p = 0.012) and regional level (fimbria, Cornu Ammonis [CA] 3, molecular layer, dentate gyrus [DG], and subicular complex, p values ranging between 0.033 and <0.001). On the right side the fimbria and hippocampal tail were atrophic (p = 0.024 for both). Cognitively impaired patients showed atrophy in the left CA3 and CA4 (p = 0.025–0.028), while patients presenting verbal and visual memory impairment had significant CA3 and DG atrophy. Those patients with attentive or executive impairment had preserved brain and hippocampal volumes.

Conclusions

NMOSD patients showed hippocampal atrophy associated with verbal and visual memory impairment. Such damage did not explain attention and executive function alterations, which were the most common cognitive deficits in this population.
Quasistatic and fatigue behavior of an AISI H13 steel obtained by additive manufacturing and conventional method
Authors: Garcias José F. , Martins Rui F. , Branco Ricardo , Marciniak Zbigniew , Macek Wojciech , Pereira Cândida , Santos Cyril
Published: August 2021

This work aims to compare the mechanical behavior of an AISI H13 steel obtained by additive manufacturing with that obtained by conventional manufacturing methods. The average values of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductility obtained for the specimens produced by the conventional method were equal to 658 MPa and 18%, respectively, which compares with 503 MPa and 0.75% registered for the selective laser melting (SLM) specimens. Inversely, the average hardness value determined for the SLM specimens was higher, 450 HV, than the observed for the conventional, 200 HV. In addition, the maximum applied stress corresponding to a fatigue limit's endurance of 2 × 106 cycles was equal to 340 and 85 MPa for conventional and SLM specimens, respectively. Therefore, from a fatigue design point of view, it was possible to infer that σmax/UTS = 0.17 for the SLM specimens tested. Porosity and lack of fusion influenced the static and the fatigue strength negatively in the SLM specimens.
Effects of greenhouse gas emissions timing on alternative biomass and fossil energy sources for district heating
Authors: Kar Saurajyoti , Billen Pieter , Björnebo Lars , Katz Beth , Yang Sheng , Volk Timothy A. , Spatari Sabrina
Published: August 2021

District heating (DH) systems can improve energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and be a cost‐effective residential space heating alternative over conventional decentralized heating. This study uses radiative forcing (RF), a time‐sensitive life cycle assessment metric, to evaluate space heating alternatives. We compare forest residue and willow biomass resources and natural gas as fuel sources against decentralized heating using heating oil. The comparison is performed for selected locations in the Northeastern United States over a 30‐year production timeline and 100 observation years. The natural gas and willow scenarios are compared with scenarios where available forest residue is unused and adds a penalty of GHG emissions due to microbial decay. When forest residues are available, their use is recommended before considering willow production. Investment in bioenergy‐based DH with carbon capture and storage and natural‐gas‐based DH with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is considered to assess their influence on RF. Its implementation further improves the net carbon mitigation potential of DH despite the carbon and energy cost of CCS infrastructure. Soil carbon sequestration from willow production reduces RF overall, specifically when grown on land converted from cropland to pasture, hay, and grassland. The study places initial GHG emissions spikes from infrastructure and land‐use change into a temporal framework and shows a payback within the first 5 years of operation for DH with forest residues and willow.
Infiltrative tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: Clinical relevance and pathological implications
Authors: Shimada Wataru , Tanaka Hajime , Fukawa Yuki , Kimura Koichiro , Yamamoto Kouhei , Fukuda Shohei , Fukushima Hiroshi , Yasuda Yosuke , Uehara Sho , Yoshida Soichiro , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Tateishi Ukihide , Campbell Steven C , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Locally advanced renal cell carcinoma is considered clinically aggressive, despite heterogeneity in survival outcomes. We investigated the clinical relevance and pathological implications of infiltrative tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma on preoperative imaging in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Methods

A total of 77 patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (≥pT3a Nany M0) who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy (2008–2018) were analyzed. Preoperative dynamic computed tomography images were reviewed to assess radiological infiltrative features. A radiological infiltrative feature was defined as an ill‐defined tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma. The tumor interfaces were analyzed histologically and compared with radiological findings.

Results

The median tumor size was 6.4 cm. Lymphadenopathy was observed in four patients (5.2%). Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 66 patients (86%) and Fuhrman grade was 3–4 in 38 patients (49%). A total of 30 patients (39%) showed radiological infiltrative features, which were significantly associated with larger tumor size and higher clinical T stage. The specificity and sensitivity of radiological infiltrative features in predicting pathological renal parenchymal infiltration were 90 and 64%, respectively. During a median follow‐up period of 3.8 years, 27 patients (35%) developed cancer recurrences, and six patients (7.8%) died of renal cell carcinoma. Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of radiological infiltrative features was an independent risk factor for cancer recurrence. Cancer recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality were significantly stratified by the presence or absence of radiological infiltrative features (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

Locally advanced renal cell carcinoma can show radiological infiltrative features preoperatively, which are significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. Radiological infiltrative features on preoperative imaging correspond with a high specificity to pathological renal parenchymal infiltration.
Authoritarians and social dominators view career women markedly different (but only if they fail)
Authors: Süssenbach Philipp , Carvacho Héctor
Published: August 2021

In three studies (N1 = 160, N2 = 100, N3 = 135), the effects of right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) on the social judgment of working women (i.e., perceived warmth and competence) were examined. In each study, type of job (traditional vs. nontraditional job background) as well as the job‐related success (Studies 1a and 1b) or political success (Study 2) of women was manipulated. Across studies, we found that RWA and SDO affected liking for a target who violated shared expectations (woman with a nontraditional job background without job‐related/political success) in contrasting ways—with RWA predicting increased liking and SDO predicting decreased liking. Perceptions of stereotypic targets (e.g., the woman with a traditional job background without success, the woman with a nontraditional job background with success) were not consistently related to ideological attitudes. Theoretic implications as well as consequences for working women are discussed.
Time trends in autism diagnosis over 20 years: a UK population‐based cohort study
Authors: Russell Ginny , Stapley Sal , Newlove‐Delgado Tamsin , Salmon Andrew , White Rhianna , Warren Fiona , Pearson Anita , Ford Tamsin
Published: August 2021

Background

Autism spectrum disorder is a diagnosis that is increasingly applied; however, previous studies have conflicting findings whether rates of diagnosis rates continue to grow in the UK. This study tested whether the proportion of people receiving a new autism diagnosis has been increasing over a twenty‐year period, both overall and by subgroups.

Method

Population‐based study utilizing the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care database, which contains patients registered with practices contributing data to the CPRD between 1998 and 2018 (N = 6,786,212 in 1998 to N = 9,594,598 in 2018). 65,665 patients had a diagnosis of autism recorded in 2018.

Time trend of new (incident) cases of autism diagnosis was plotted for all, and stratified by gender, diagnostic subtypes, and developmental stage: infancy and preschool, 0–5 years old; childhood, 6–11 years old; adolescence, 12–19 years old; adults, over 19 years old.

Results

There was a 787%, exponential increase in recorded incidence of autism diagnoses between 1998 and 2018; R2 = 0.98, exponentiated coefficient = 1.07, 95% CI [1.06, 1.08], p < .001. The increase in diagnoses was greater for females than males (exponentiated interaction coefficient = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01, 1.03], p < .001) and moderated by age band, with the greatest rises in diagnostic incidence among adults (exponentiated interaction coefficient = 1.06, 95% CI [1.04, 1.07], p < .001).

Conclusions

Increases could be due to growth in prevalence or, more likely, increased reporting and application of diagnosis. Rising diagnosis among adults, females and higher functioning individuals suggest augmented recognition underpins these changes.
Fermented pomegranate extracts protect against oxidative stress and aging of skin
Authors: Chan Leong‐Perng , Tseng Ya‐Ping , Liu Cheng , Liang Chia‐Hua
Published: August 2021

Background

Punica granatum (pomegranate) potentially ameliorates skin inflammation and pain, including herpetic stromal keratitis. Fermentation is a biotechnological technique that may naturally induce health benefits by producing antioxidants. However, the anti‐aging effect of fermented pomegranate extracts (FPE) on the skin is still unclear.

Aim

This investigation evaluates the effects of fermented pomegranate as a functional supplement (FPE drink, FPE‐D) and a cosmetic ingredient (FPE serum, FPE‐S) in vitro and in vivo.

Patients/Methods

The effects of FPE products for anti‐oxidation, anti‐tyrosinase, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐aging were examined. Forty subjects were randomly allocated to FPE‐D or placebo drink groups (50 ml of a FPE‐D /placebo drink daily for 8 weeks for each subject), and another 40 subjects were recruited to FPE‐S or placebo serum groups (about 3 ml of a FPE‐S /placebo serum daily and nightly/daily for 4 weeks for each subject) in a double‐blind study.

Results

The effects of FPE products on the DPPH, ABTS+, and NO· free radical scavenging activities, their inhibiting of tyrosinase activity and their enhancement of the skin health of healthy subjects, were investigated. FPE‐D improved the moisture, brightness, elasticity, and collagen density of the skin of most subjects at 8 weeks relative to the baseline without treatment (p < 0.05). After 4 weeks of FPE‐S serum consumption, the moisture, brightness, elasticity, spots, UV spots, and collagen density of skin were slightly better than those at week 0 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The daily consumption of fermented pomegranate extracts can protect the skin against oxidative stress and slow skin aging.
Using Macro Archival Databases to Expand Theory in Micro Research
Authors: Hill N. Sharon , Aguinis Herman , Drewry Josiah , Patnaik Sanjay , Griffin Jennifer J.
Published: August 2021

Databases containing macro‐level data are an underutilized methodological tool for expanding theory in micro research (i.e., individual and team) to the macro (i.e., organizational and higher) level of analysis. We describe how macro archival databases support different theoretical approaches for upwardly expanding micro research and summarize unanswered research questions across micro domains requiring upward expansion. We describe 31 macro archival databases as a resource for testing research questions that upwardly expand theorizing in micro domains and how databases enable methodological best practices (i.e., data collection over time, multiple measures of a construct, multilevel statistical controls, missing data and outlier management) that are often difficult to apply in typical micro research. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of using macro archival databases through an empirical illustration in the workplace diversity domain: positive effects of manager gender diversity and manager industry gender diversity on firm performance (i.e., ROA and ROE).
A responsible psychologist is a responsible citizen
Authors: Kelman Herbert C.
Published: August 2021

This paper is based on a talk presented at a conference on “The Socially Responsible Psychologist – A Symposium in Honor of M. Brewster Smith,” held at the University of California, Santa Cruz, on April 16, 1988 on the occasion of Brewster Smith's retirement. It was slated to be published in a Festschrift for Brewster, but the volume did not materialize. Brewster passed away on August 4, 2012. As the centennial of his birth on June 26, 2019 approached, I decided to publish the paper in Brewster's memory and in deep appreciation of his life‐long contributions to our discipline and the betterment of the human condition.
The reproductive phenology of blackbuck: influence of seasonal nutritional resources and flexible lactation as an adaptive strategy
Authors: Priyadarshini K. V. R. , Gort G. , Rice C. G. , Yoganand K.
Published: August 2021

Seasonality poses significant nutritional constraints for ungulates. Consequently, most ungulates time their energy‐demanding events like calving and lactation to the availability of abundant and high‐quality nutritional resources. We investigated the reproductive phenology of blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra, in relation to resource seasonality, in a semi‐arid grassland in western India. We examined whether the body condition of females, forage abundance and forage quality influenced the timing of blackbuck reproduction. We also used a conceptual model to explore whether blackbuck use behavioural adaptations in maternal care as an adaptive strategy to buffer the high nutritional demands of lactation. Blackbuck showed biannual calving, which occurred before (pre‐monsoon) and after the rains (post‐monsoon). We found statistically significant relationships, albeit small effect sizes, of body condition, forage abundance (biomass) and moisture content of grasses on the proportion of lactating females. The biannual reproductive phenology seems more complex than a simple relationship of reproduction with body condition and optimal nutrition supply. In the conceptual model based on our data, we propose that blackbuck females shortened their lactation time and weaned their calves sooner during the pre‐monsoon calving to coincide with a period of optimal food quality, thus, ensuring sufficient nutrition for both weanlings and allowing the females to regain body reserves, whereas, resource availability during the post‐monsoon calving likely allowed females to invest in longer lactation, weaning the calves later, as compared to the pre‐monsoon calving season. Thereby, blackbuck may be maintaining biannual calving and thus increase their lifetime reproductive output.
Molecular adaptations to heat stress in the thermophilic ant genus Cataglyphis
Authors: Perez Rémy , de Souza Araujo Natalia , Defrance Matthieu , Aron Serge
Published: August 2021

Over the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to the molecular adaptations used by organisms to cope with thermal stress. However, to date, few studies have focused on thermophilic species living in hot, arid climates. In this study, we explored molecular adaptations to heat stress in the thermophilic ant genus Cataglyphis, one of the world's most thermotolerant animal taxa. We compared heat tolerance and gene expression patterns across six Cataglyphis species from distinct phylogenetic groups that live in different habitats and experience different thermal regimes. We found that all six species had high heat tolerance levels with critical thermal maxima (CTmax) ranging from 43℃ to 45℃ and a median lethal temperature (LT50) ranging from 44.5℃ to 46.8℃. Transcriptome analyses revealed that, although the number of differentially expressed genes varied widely for the six species (from 54 to 1118), many were also shared. Functional annotation of the differentially expressed and co‐expressed genes showed that the biological pathways involved in heat‐shock responses were similar among species and were associated with four major processes: the regulation of transcriptional machinery and DNA metabolism; the preservation of proteome stability; the elimination of toxic residues; and the maintenance of cellular integrity. Overall, our results suggest that molecular responses to heat stress have been evolutionarily conserved in the ant genus Cataglyphis and that their diversity may help workers withstand temperatures close to their physiological limits.
Mucin Msb2 cooperates with the transmembrane protein Sho1 in various plant surface signal sensing and pathogenic processes in the poplar anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Wang Xiaolian , Lu Dongxiao , Tian Chengming
Published: August 2021

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus that causes anthracnose on numerous plants worldwide and forms a specialized infection structure known as an appressorium in response to various plant surface signals. However, the associated mechanism of host surface signal recognition remains unclear. In the present study, three putative sensors, namely the mucin Msb2, the membrane sensor protein Sho1, and the G‐protein‐coupled receptor Pth11, were identified and characterized. The results showed that CgMsb2 plays a major role in the recognition of various host surface signals; deletion of CgMsb2 resulted in significant defects in appressorium formation, appressorium penetration, cellophane membrane penetration, and pathogenicity. CgSho1 plays a minor role and together with CgMsb2 cooperatively regulates host signal recognition, cellophane membrane penetration, and pathogenicity; deletion of CgSho1 resulted in an expansion defect of infection hyphae. Deletion of CgPth11 in wildtype, ΔCgMsb2, and ΔCgSho1 strains only resulted in a slight defect in appressorium formation at the early stage, and CgPth11 was dispensable for penetration and pathogenicity. However, exogenous cAMP failed to restore the defect of appressorium formation in ΔCgPth11 at the early stage. CgMsb2 contributed to the phosphorylation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase CgMk1, which is essential for infection‐associated functions, while CgSho1 was unable to activate CgMk1 alone but rather cooperated with CgMsb2 to activate CgMk1. These data suggest that CgMsb2 contributes to the activation of CgMk1 and has overlapping functions with CgSho1 in plant surface sensing, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity.
Medical phenome of musicians: an investigation of health records collected on 9803 musically active individuals
Authors: Niarchou Maria , Lin George T. , Lense Miriam D. , Gordon Reyna L. , Davis Lea K.
Published: August 2021

Previous studies suggest that musicians may be at higher risk for a set of medical problems; however, this literature has been limited by relatively small sample sizes, self‐reports, and lack of controls. To address such limitations, we examined trends in the medical care of musicians in an Electronic Health Record database. On the basis of a collection of keywords and regular expressions in the patients’ clinical notes, we identified 9803 “musicians” that we matched for sex, median age (across the medical record), ethnicity, race, the length of record, and the number of visits with 49,015 controls. We fitted 1263 logistic regression models to determine whether the phenotype was correlated with musicianship. Two hundred fifty‐seven phenotypes were more prevalent in musicians than controls after Bonferroni adjustment (P < 7.6 × 10–6), including diseases of the larynx and vocal cords (OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 2.25–2.40)), and hearing loss (OR = 1.36 (95% CI: 1.32–1.39)). Fifteen phenotypes were significantly more prevalent in controls than musicians, including coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94)). Although being a musician was related to many occupational health problems, we identified protective effects of musicianship in which certain disorders were less common in musicians than in controls, indicating that active musical engagement could have health benefits analogous to athletic engagement.
Strigolactones affect phosphorus acquisition strategies in tomato plants
Authors: Santoro Veronica , Schiavon Michela , Visentin Ivan , Constán‐Aguilar Christian , Cardinale Francesca , Celi Luisella
Published: August 2021

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that modulate morphological, physiological and biochemical changes as part of the acclimation strategies to phosphorus (P) deficiency, but an in‐depth description of their effects on tomato P‐acquisition strategies under P shortage is missing. Therefore, in this study, we investigate how SLs impact on root exudation and P uptake, in qualitative and quantitative terms over time, in wild‐type and SL‐depleted tomato plants grown with or without P. Under P shortage, SL‐depleted plants were unable to efficiently activate most mechanisms associated with the P starvation response (PSR), except for the up‐regulation of P transporters and increased activity of P‐solubilizing enzymes. The reduced SL biosynthesis had negative effects also under normal P provision, because plants over‐activated high‐affinity transporters and enzymatic activities (phytase, acidic phosphatase) to sustain elevated P uptake, at great carbon and nitrogen costs. A shift in the onset of PSR was also highlighted in these plants. We conclude that SLs are master kinetic regulators of the PSR in tomato and that their defective synthesis might lead both to suboptimal nutritional outcomes under P depletion and an unbalanced control of P uptake when P is available.
Conversational Cooperation Revisited
Authors: Ellefson Gretchen
Published: August 2021

It is commonly accepted that conversation is, in some sense, cooperative. This is due in part to Paul Grice’s articulation of the Cooperative Principle, which states that participants should “make [their] conversational contributions such as is required . . .” (1989, 26). Yet the significance of this principle, as well as the notion of cooperation that is entailed, is up for interpretation. For example, there are several ways of understanding what kind of force the Cooperative Principle is supposed to have: it could be meant as a requirement on the behavior of speakers, a description of the way speakers behave, or an articulation of what speakers assume of one another’s contributions. I consider each of these options, and I argue that the first, which is often seen as a naïve interpretation, is worth considering. Although I ultimately reject the prescriptive interpretation of the Cooperative Principle, it offers a jumping off point for exploring other prescriptions on conversational behavior, such as the Requirement of Interlocutor Responsiveness, which I offer as an explicitly prescriptive conversational principle.
Citrus transcription factor CsHB5 regulates abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and promotes senescence
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhang Yingzi , Sun Quan , Lu Suwen , Chai Lijun , Ye Junli , Deng Xiuxin
Published: August 2021

Senescence is a gradual physiological process involving the integration of numerous internal and environmental signals. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well‐known inducer of senescence. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA‐mediated senescence remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the citrus homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD‐ZIP I) transcription factor CsHB5 functions as a regulator of ABA‐triggered senescence. CsHB5 acts as a nucleus‐localized transcriptional activator, the expression of which appeared to be closely associated with citrus senescence. Overexpression of CsHB5 in citrus calli upregulated the expression of ABA‐ and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related genes, and significantly increased the content of ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), whereas silencing CsHB5 in citrus calli downregulated the expression of ABA‐related genes. Additionally, heterogenous overexpression of CsHB5 in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leads to early leaf yellowing under dark‐induced senescence conditions. Meanwhile, the levels of ABA and H2O2 in transgenic tomatoes increased significantly and the lycopene content decreased. Transcriptome analysis of CsHB5‐overexpressing citrus calli and tomato showed that CsHB5 was involved in multiple senescence‐associated processes, including chlorophyll degradation, nutrient compound biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA and ROS signal transduction. The results of yeast one‐hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual luciferase assays indicated that CsHB5 directly binds to the promoters of ABA biosynthetic genes, including β‐carotene hydroxylase 1 (BCH1) and 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), thereby activating their transcription. Our findings revealed that CsHB5 participates in senescence, at least partly, by directly controlling ABA accumulation. Our work provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA‐mediated senescence.
Vasovagal syncope after blood donation in active duty military personnel of the Spanish Army
Authors: Fraile Nuria , Fernández‐Cano Ester , Ramos Ascensión , López‐Aguilar Juan‐Carlos , Jiménez‐Moreno María‐Esther , Pereira Arturo
Published: August 2021

Background

All studies of vasovagal syncope (VVS) after blood donation have been performed with civilian donors. We hypothesized that military donors have a lower incidence of VVS and a particular set of predisposing factors.

Study Design and Methods

Retrospective case–control study matching every case of VVS seen from 2011 to 2019 with two controls without VVS from the same blood drive. We used the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), estimated by multivariate logistic regression, to identify independent predictors of VVS.

Results

There were 105 episodes of VVS among 65.481 whole blood donations (0.15%). VVS was more frequent among donors from military academies than from other military units (0.37% vs. 0.10%, p < .001) and in collections conducted in mobile inside setups than in mobile buses (0.23% vs. 0.06%, p < .001). In the multivariate analysis, the only independent predictors of VVS were the status of first‐time donor (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.4; p < .001) and pre‐donation systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mm Hg (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3; p = .01). Donors with both risk factors had a 5.5‐fold increased risk of VVS than donors without any risk factor. Age and female sex were not predictive of VVS.

Discussion

Active duty military blood donors have a lower incidence of VVS than that reported in civilian donors. First‐time donors and donors with SBP < 120 mm Hg should be temporarily deferred when immediate reincorporation to hazardous or strenuous duty tasks after donation is inescapable.
Sistema de Informações de Gerenciamento Costeiro
Authors: Argento Mauro Sergio F.
Published: August 2021

The objective on this paper is to show the methodology and the approach to establish environmental handle unities in Coastal Zone. The System is composed by 23 programs and subroutines using qualitative and quantitative analysis and computational methods with BASIC language. The creations of an environmental information System using its own data bank are an integral part of this study. In conclusion, Some perspectives of use of this methodo logy for establish environmental unities are described showing objectively the large use for an urban and regional planning, environmental impacts and establish the environmental handle unities. . This paper is integrant part of the Coastal Management Plan (CIRM - BRAZIL).
Holocene sea-level history along eastern-southeastern Brazil
Authors: Martin Louis
Published: August 2021

Relative sea-level curves have been delineated for several sectors of the Brazilian coast. In order to have homogeneous and consistent curves, very short segments of the coastline with the same framework are considered. To minimize systematic errors tied to the particular nature of an indicator, we use the maximum number of different indicators available from former positions of relative sea level. These sea-level curves show that, during the last 7000 years, the central Brazilian coast has been subjected to a submergence phase which lasted until 5100 14C yr BP (5600 cal yr BP), followed by a drop in sea level. This drop in sea level was not continuous but was interrupted by two high-frequency oscillations. The Salvador curve, the most detailed, can be used as a reference for the central portion of the Brazilian coastline. It is now presented with corrections for isotopic fractionation and reservoir effects as well as calibrations for astronomical ages. Additional supporting evidence for the existence of high-frequency oscillations is provided. They are of the same magnitude as is predicted for the future under greenhouse conditions. These data will help us to understand how the coastal systems will respond to these sea-level changes.
Benthic foraminiferal response to variations in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and organic carbon, in the Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Eichler Patrícia P. B. , Eichler Beatriz B. , Miranda Luiz B. de , Pereira Evelyn Da R. M. , Kfouri Patrícia B. P. , Pimenta Felipe M. , Bérgamo Alessandro L. , Vilela Claudia G.
Published: August 2021

Recent benthic foraminiferal distribution patterns in Guanabara Bay are investigated in relation to temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and organic carbon content. Patterns of foraminiferal fauna differ between the entrance of the bay and inner parts. The primary result of the present study is that the distribution of Cassidulina subglobosa and Discorbis williamsoni appear to be governed by lower temperature and higher salinities being found in the entrance of the bay. According to dissolved oxygen content it was observed that Quinqueloculina seminulum occurs when values are higher than 2 mg/l, being intolerant to low oxygen bottom water conditions. By the other hand, Buliminella elegantissima, Bolivina striatula and Bulimmina elongata flourishes under low oxygen waters and in sediment where the organic matter accumulation is high, being found mainly in the central parts of the bay.
Bacterial enzymatic activity and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments from Boa Viagem Beach (Guanabara Bay)
Authors: Crapez Mirian , Baptista Neto José Antonio , Bispo M. G. S.
Published: August 2021

This study focuses on the quality of the organic matter that reaches the sediment from Boa Viagem Beach and through the evaluation of the total bacterial count, the electron transport system activity (ETSA), the esterase activity (EST), as well as the protein and the organic matter contents. Seasonal variations of organic matter, protein content and the number of bacteria were particularly notable in the summer. ETSA reached a maximum of 7.48 Âµl O2 h-1 g-1 in the summer. EST activity presented a different pattern once it reached a maximum of 0.17 Âµg fluorescein h-1 g-1 in the winter. The temporal variation of ETSA and EST activity indicated that biopolymers predominated in the winter, and oligomers or monomers predominated in the summer. These results suggest that organic carbon turnover is more likely to be controlled by organic matter quality. The heavy metals concentrations, especially for Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr, indicated absence of the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity, and they are not bioavailable in the EC50 values
Fluorite mineralization related to the dolomitization: an equilibrium study of the Proterozoic stratabound carbonate Macaia-Ijaci Basin, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Pires Fernando Roberto Mendes , Mendes Carmen Lúcia Oliveira , Miano Sandra Cecília
Published: August 2021

Stratabound fluorite occurring as thin films in the concomitantly derived dolomitic portions of the calcitic limestone of the Proterozoic Carandaí Formation in the Macaia-Ijaci Basin was supposedly formed by metasomatic reactions between the carbonate and HF- and Mg2+- rich brines, during metamorphism. Thirteen electron microprobe analyses from the carbonate in a single petrographic thin section, allowed the determination of the temperature of the carbonate formation in the range 180º-230ºC, using the Mg-calcite solvus geothermometer. Five key mineral reactions in the system Mg-Ca-C-H-O-F plotted in diagrams in terms of either, CO2- and HF-fugacities or chemical potentials of CO2 and HF yielding fluorite + dolomite from calcite + Mg2+, are proposed. Apparently the fluorite formation is related with dolomitization. Additional reaction involving fluorite was calculated and inserted in the phase diagram, according to the existence of calcite-fluorite veinlets bordered by dolomite selvages, at the Casa de Pedra quarry.
Constitucionalismo Regresivo: Reflexiones en torno al equilibrio ideológico en el Tribunal Constitucional colombiano
Authors: Sarmiento Erazo Juan Pablo
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se argumenta que, con las últimas tres elecciones de magistrados de la Corte Constitucional colombiana, el balance ideológico ha impactado algunas decisiones relativas al reconocimiento de derechos de minorías, la participación ciudadana, al medio ambiente y a la protección de seres sintientes. Este impacto se ha generado a partir de tres estrategias: el neolegalismo y sentencias exhortativas; la creación o ampliación del test de vulnerabilidad y conexidad y la implementación de criterios de ponderación con alteraciones en el peso abstracto de los principios o de los derechos en juego. Así, a partir de la trayectoria de los magistrados y los debates y decisiones judiciales que se han producido desde este nuevo balance, se evidenciarán las principales tensiones materializadas en los ejes jurisprudenciales antes enunciados.
Energy demand reduction in the built environment using shallow geothermal integrated energy systems: Part II – Hybrid ground source heat pump for building heating
Authors: Kumar Balaji , Sharma Vishaldeep
Published: August 2021

The research collection aims at finding the various possible opportunities for the effective integration of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) to decrease the energy demand in the built environment and to reduce emission associated with it. The direct utilization of SGE using a ground source heat pump (GSHP) has been reviewed in comprehensive review part I and part II. From the extensive review, it is found that the hybrid GSHP is needed to avoid ground thermal imbalance and peak demand. Hybrid GSHP can adopt various supplemental heat sources and sinks according to the local climatic conditions and the balance of energy demands. The primary focus on the integration of subsystems such as biomass, solar energy (PV, PVT, and collector), phase change material, micro gas turbine, and absorption heat pump with GSHP is presented for heating application. This comprehensive review part III highlights the recent research findings and a potential gap in hybrid GSHP for further research and developments
An experimental validation of a nonlinear acoustic resistance model for an acoustically compact area contraction with steady mean flow
Authors: Humphreys Luke H. , Stubbs Daniel C. , Scarborough David E.
Published: August 2021

In a previously published paper, a model for the nonlinear acoustic response of an area contraction including bias flow was presented. The model's prediction for the zero-driving resistance grew progressively worse as the steady-flow Mach number increased. This trend suggests that the forward loss coefficients should depend on the steady Mach number. This letter provides an empirical fitting of this Mach number dependence, along with additional validation data for the model. These additional validation data corroborate the model's prediction that the nonlinear impedance is frequency independent. This letter additionally provides an experimental methodology for determining the characteristic length with sample results.
Neuronal control of maternal provisioning in response to social cues
Authors: Wasson Jadiel A. , Harris Gareth , Keppler-Ross Sabine , Brock Trisha J. , Dar Abdul R. , Butcher Rebecca A. , Fischer Sylvia E. J. , Kagias Konstantinos , Clardy Jon , Zhang Yun , Mango Susan E.
Published: August 2021

Neuronal FMRFamide signaling transmits social cues to modulate maternal provisioning of translational machinery.
The climate and health benefits from intensive building energy efficiency improvements
Authors: Gillingham Kenneth T. , Huang Pei , Buehler Colby , Peccia Jordan , Gentner Drew R.
Published: August 2021

Building energy efficiency improvements reduce emissions and premature mortality but require attention to indoor air quality.
Identification and assessment of cardiolipin interactions with
E. coli
inner membrane proteins
Authors: Corey Robin A. , Song Wanling , Duncan Anna L. , Ansell T. Bertie , Sansom Mark S. P. , Stansfeld Phillip J.
Published: August 2021

This study uses MD simulations to identify and analyze >700 binding sites for cardiolipin to a set of bacterial membrane proteins.
Origin of the Indus ophiolite linked to the mantle transition zone (410–660 km)
Authors: Das Souvik , Basu* Asish R.
Published: August 2021

The southeast Ladakh (India) area displays one of the best-preserved ophiolite sections in this planet, in places up to 10 km thick, along the southern bank of the Indus River. Recently, in situ, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mineralogical evidence from the mantle transition zone (MTZ; ~410–660 km) with diamond and reduced fluids were discovered from two peridotite bodies in the basal mantle part of this Indus ophiolite. Ultrahigh-pressure phases were also found by early workers from podiform chromitites of another coeval Neo-Tethyan ophiolite in southern Tibet. However, the MTZ phases in the Indus ophiolite are found in silicate peridotites, but not in metallic chromitites, and the peridotitic UHP phases show systematic and contiguous phase transitions from the MTZ to shallower depth, unlike the discrete UHP inclusions, all in Tibetan chromitites. We observe consistent change in oxygen fugacity (fO2) and fluid composition from (C-H + H2) to (CO2 + H2O) in the upwelling peridotitic mantle, causing melting to produce mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB). At shallow depths (<100 km) the free water stabilizes into hydrous phases, such as pargasitic amphibole, capable of storing water and preventing melting. Our discoveries provide unique insights into deep sub-oceanic-mantle processes, and link deep-mantle upwelling and MORB genesis. Moreover, the tectonic setting of Neo-Tethyan ophiolites has been a difficult problem since the birth of the plate-tectonics concept. This problem for the origin of ophiolites in mid-ocean-ridge versus supra-subduction zone settings clearly confused the findings from Indus ophiolites. However, in this contribution, we provide arguments in favor of mid-ocean-ridge origin for Indus ophiolite. In addition, we venture to revisit the “historical contingency” model of E.M. Moores and others for Neo-Tethyan ophiolite genesis based on the available evidence and have found that our new results strongly support the “historical contingency” model.
Regional-scale correlations of accreted units in the Franciscan Complex, California, USA: A record of long-lived, episodic subduction accretion
Authors: Apen Francisco E. , Wakabayashi John , Day Howard W. , Roeske Sarah M. , Souders A. Kate , Dumitru Trevor A.
Published: August 2021

The Franciscan Complex of California, the type example of an exhumed accretionary complex, records a protracted history of voluminous subduction accretion along the western margin of North America. Recent geochronological work has improved our knowledge of the timing of accretion, but the details of the accretionary history are disputed, in part, due to uncertainties in regional-scale correlations of different units. We present new detrital zircon U-Pb ages from two sites on opposite sides of San Francisco Bay in central California that confirm previously proposed correlations. Both sites are characterized by a structurally higher blueschist-facies unit (Angel Island unit) underlain by a prehnite-pumpellyite-facies unit (Alcatraz unit). The Angel Island unit yields maximum depositional ages (MDAs) ranging from 112 ± 1 Ma to 114 ± 1 Ma (±2σ), and the Alcatraz unit yields MDAs between 94 ± 2 Ma and 99 ± 1 Ma. Restoration of post-subduction dextral displacement suggests these sites were originally 44–78 km apart and much closer to other Franciscan units that are now exposed farther south in the Diablo Range. Comparison with detrital zircon dates from the Diablo Range supports correlations of the Bay Area units with certain units in the Diablo Range. In contrast, correlations with Franciscan units in the northern Coast Ranges of California are not robust: some units are clearly older than those in the Bay Area whereas others exhibit distinct differences in provenance. Integration of age data from throughout the Franciscan Complex indicates long-lived and episodic accretion from the Early Cretaceous to Paleogene. Although minor, sporadic accretion began earlier, significant accretion occurred during the interval 123–80 Ma and was followed by minor accretion at ca. 53–49 Ma. Periods of accretion and non-accretion were associated with arc magmatism in the Sierra Nevada–Klamath region, cessation of arc activity, and reorganization of paleodrainage systems, which implicates plate dynamics and sediment availability as major controls on the development of the Franciscan Complex.
Supplemental Material: Volcanic plumbing filters on ocean-island basalt geochemistry
Authors: Ubide Teresa , al. et
Published: August 2021

Data (Tables S1–S8), methods, and Figures S1–S3.
Community-based amoxicillin treatment for fast breathing pneumonia in young infants 7–59 days old: a cluster randomised trial in rural Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Malawi
Authors:   Enhanced Management of Pneumonia in Community (EMPIC) Study, Nisar Yasir B
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Young infants 7–59 days old with fast breathing pneumonia presented to a primary level health facility receive a 7-day course of amoxicillin as per the WHO guideline. However, community-level health workers (CLHW) are not allowed to treat these infants. This trial evaluated the community level treatment of non-hypoxaemic young infants with fast breathing pneumonia by CLHWs.

Methods

This cluster-randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial was conducted in rural areas of Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Malawi. We randomly allocated clusters (first-level health facility) 1:1, stratified by the population size, to an intervention group (enhanced community case management) or control group (standard community case management). Infants aged 7–59 days with a respiratory rate of ≥60 breaths/min and oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≥90% were enrolled. In the intervention clusters, these infants were treated with a 7-day course of oral amoxicillin (according to WHO weight bands) and were regularly followed up by CLHWs. In the control clusters, CLHWs continued the standard management (assess and refer after pre-referral antibiotic dose) and followed up according to the national programme guideline. The primary outcome of treatment failure was assessed in both groups by independent outcome assessors on days 6 and 14 after enrolment. Secondary outcomes (accuracy and impact of pulse oximetry) were also assessed.

Results

Between September 2016 and December 2018, we enrolled 2334 infants (1168 in intervention and 1166 in control clusters) from 208 clusters (104 intervention and 104 control). Of 2334, 22 infants with fast breathing were excluded from analysis, leaving 2312 (1155 in intervention clusters and 1157 in control clusters) for intention-to-treat analysis. The proportion of treatment failure was 5.4% (63/1155) in intervention and 6.3% (73/1157) in the control clusters, including two deaths (0.2%) in each group. The adjusted risk difference for treatment failure between the two groups was −1.0% (95% CI −3.0% to 1.1%). The secondary outcome showed that CLHWs in the intervention clusters performed all recommended steps of pulse oximetry assessment in 94% (1050/1115) of enrolled patients.

Conclusions

The 7-day amoxicillin treatment for 7–59 days old non-hypoxaemic infants with fast breathing pneumonia by CLHWs was non-inferior to the currently recommended referral strategy.

Trial registration numbers

CTRI/2017/02/007761 and ACTRN12617000857303.
Dilated cardiomyopathy: the role of genetics, highlighted in a family with Filamin C (FLNC) variant
Authors: Dungu Jason N , Langley Samantha G , Hardy-Wallace Amy , Li Brian , Barbagallo Rossella M , Field Duncan , Homfray Tessa , Savage Henry Oluwasefunmi
Published: August 2021

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heterogenous group of disorders characterised by left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction, in the absence of factors affecting loading conditions such as hypertension or valvular disease, or significant coronary artery disease. The prevalence of idiopathic DCM is estimated between 1:250 and 1:500 individuals. Determining the aetiology of DCM can be challenging, particularly when evaluating an individual and index case with no classical history or investigations pointing towards an obvious acquired cause, or no clinical clues in the family history to suggest a genetic cause. We present a family affected by DCM associated with Filamin C variant, causing sudden cardiac death at a young age and heart failure due to severe left ventricular impairment and myocardial scarring. We review the diagnosis and treatment of DCM, its genetic associations and potential acquired causes. Thorough assessment is mandatory to risk stratify and identify patients who may benefit from primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy according to international guidelines. Genetic testing has some limitations, and is positive in only 20%–35% of DCM, but should be considered in specific cases to identify families who may benefit from cascade screening after appropriate counselling. The management of often complex familial cardiomyopathy requires specialist input for every case, and the appropriate infrastructure to coordinate investigations.