bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Cultural Differences and Translation Strategies in Trademark Translation Based on Adaptation Theory
Authors: Jing Wang
Published: August 2023

As the golden business card, the trademark is quite unique for commodity and closely related to the survival and development of an enterprise. A good trademark not only conveys the basic information of the product but also impresses the consumers and even triggers them to buy the product. As a popular saying in Chinese business circle goes like that “Trademark is soft power”. Trademark translation is a complicated process. Trademark itself has the characteristics of recognition, transmission, aesthetics, adaptability and modernity, so trademark translation is endowed with cultural pragmatic function. This study is theoretically based on the adaptation theory proposed by Jef Verschueren, a famous Belgian linguist and secretary-general of the International Association for Pragmatics. This article discusses the application of adaptation theory in trademark translation. Adaptation theory refers to how a translator can adapt to different cultural and linguistic environments to ensure that the translated trademark name has the same commercial appeal and conveys the same brand image. The article emphasizes the need for translators to understand the cultural and commercial significance of the source language trademark, select an appropriate trademark name that appeals to the target audience, and ensure the trademark is legally and commercially acceptable in the target language environment. Overall, adaptation theory is crucial for ensuring that trademark names are translated effectively across different cultures and languages. With a number of successful examples and failures of existing trademark translations, this study will analyze the cultural differences reflected in the translation of trademarks from the perspective of consumer psychology, customs, aesthetic concepts, religious beliefs and cognitive differences. Several basic trademark translation methods including transliteration, literal translation, combination of transliteration and literal translation, free translation will also be proposed and analyzed. This paper seeks to provide a reference value for seeking more appropriate trademark translations in the future. In addition, through the prediction and analysis of the trend of trademark translation, the author believes that the future direction of trademark translation is diversified, especially from the perspective of the cultural communicative function of trademarks, the emphasis of trademark translation will be on the exploration of cultural transmission and pragmatic function.
Estrategias didácticas lúdicas para fortalecer la motivación lectora en estudiantes de preparatoria en una unidad educativa de Guayaquil, Ecuador 2022
Authors: Serrano Ortiz Silvana Auxiliadora
Published: August 2023

El presente Trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el aporte de estrategias didácticas para la motivación lectora en estudiantes de preparatoria en una unidad educativa de Guayaquil. Este trabajo consta de 8 capítulos que serán de gran aporte para los docentes ya que puedan poner en práctica sus conocimientos y destrezas a través de estrategias didácticas lúdicas, que servirán de motivación lectora para los estudiantes de preparatoria y el desarrollo de los procesos cognoscitivos. El Capítulo I conformado por la introducción, esta investigación presenta la  problemática de la poca motivación que tienen los estudiantes, por lo que será de gran aporte  para  el aprendizaje significativo a través de estrategias y desarrollo de destrezas cómo es mejorar la motivación lectora del estudiante de preparatoria, el Capítulo II aborda las teorías que sustentan el soporte de la investigación, con sus diferentes variables de investigación; el capítulo III trata acerca de las metodologías,  el Capítulo IV está representado por los Resultados de Investigación, en el Capítulo V se presenta la Discusión, el Capítulo VI  plantea las Conclusiones y el producto de la investigación, el Capítulo VII las Recomendaciones y  en el capítulo VIII se plantean las Propuestas de un programa de trabajo en desarrollo para el desempeño y la motivación de los estudiantes.
ВОСЕМНАДЦАТОЕ ЗАСЕДАНИЕ ДИСКУССИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КЛУБА ПО ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ: ОБ ОСНОВНЫХ ПОДХОДАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ К РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНА ДЕЙСТВИЙ ПО ПРОВЕДЕНИЮ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЯ ЯЗЫКОВ КОРЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ
Authors: Айбазова Зухра Казимовна
Published: August 2023

29 мая 2022 г. в Институте языкознания РАН в онлайн-формате на платформе Zoom прошло восемнадцатое заседание Дискуссионно-аналитического клуба по языковой политике. На заседании с докладом на тему «Об основных подходах Российской Федерации к реализации Глобального плана действий по проведению Международного десятилетия языков коренных народов» выступил начальник Управления государственной политики в сфере межнациональных отношений Федерального агентства по делам национальностей (ФАДН) России Тимур Гомбожапович Цыбиков.
ДИНАМИКА ВЛАДЕНИЯ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПО ДАННЫМ ПЕРЕПИСЕЙ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ 1989–2020 ГОДОВ
Authors: Горячева Мария Александровна
Published: August 2023

Статья посвящена изучению демографической мощности русского языка в Российской Федерации на основе статистических данных четырех переписей населения: 1989, 2002, 2010 и 2020 годов. Проводится сопоставление языковых блоков переписей и выявляется их специфика, анализируется динамика численности населения страны в контексте поставленных задач, при этом главное внимание уделяется динамике численности русских за сорок лет. Применительно к русскому языку анализируется динамика следующих параметров: этнос (русские и все другие этносы), родной язык, второй язык, владение русским языком (в том числе появившийся с 2020 г. параметр «использование русского языка в повседневной жизни»), «владение русским языком как родным». Кроме того, насколько позволяют возможности переписей, дается приблизительная оценка числа монолингвов и билингвов. Все субъекты РФ группируются по признаку процента русскоязычных. Дополнительно подключается параметр «городское/сельское население». На основе данных последней переписи детализируется группа «не указавшие национальную принадлежность»: варианты ответов «Предпочитаю не отвечать», «Затрудняюсь ответить», «Не имею национальной принадлежности», «Нет сведений». Изучается структура объединения «русскоязычные россияне» (русские, все другие этносы, не указавшие этническую принадлежность) и делаются выводы о произошедших за сорок лет изменениях. Статья снабжена наглядным материалом: таблицами и диаграммой.
К ВОПРОСУ О ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ КРЫМСКОТАТАРСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КРЫМ
Authors: Селендили Лемара Сергеевна
Published: August 2023

Цель настоящего исследования — систематизация теоретических и статисти­ ческих данных по проблеме функционирования крымскотатарского языка в Республике Крым. В работе использованы методы описания, наблюдения и анкетирования. Предметом исследования явился крымскотатарский язык, объектом исследования — языковая ситуация в Республике Крым. В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы языковой ситуации и языковой политики в Крыму, вопросы лингвокультурной реабилитации крымскотатарского языка. Описаны количественные признаки языковой ситуации в Республике Крым, языковая мощность наиболее распространенных языков: русского и крымскотатарского языков. Количественные признаки языковой ситуации в Крыму таковы: а) она многокомпонентная, т. е. в Крыму функционирует много языков, доминирующими из которых являются русский, крымскотатарский и украинский; б) демографическая мощность этих языков (т. е. число говорящих на них) неодинакова. По характеру языковой компетенции крымских татар выделено 5 групп коммуникантов: 1) симметричные билингвы; 2) асимметричные билингвы; 3) монолингвы; 4) полилингвы и 5) полилингвы-носители сленга. Приводятся статистические данные о реализации крымскотатарского языка в сфере образования, результаты проведенного лингвокультурного мониторинга. Обозначены сферы функционирования государственного крымскотатарского языка на современном этапе развития крымского социума.
О ПОНЯТИЙНОМ АППАРАТЕ И ГНОСЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСНОВАХ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИКИ: ГЕОРУСИСТИКА, «НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ВАРИАНТЫ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА», СОЦИОРУСИСТИКА
Authors: Рудяков Александр Николаевич
Published: August 2023

Статья посвящена анализу содержания термина «национальный вариант русского языка» с позиций георусистики, предполагающей перенос внимания с изучения единиц языка на русскоязычное глобальное пространство, возникновение которого обусловлено плюрицентричностью русского языка. Автор исходит из постулата, согласно которо-му русский язык существует в нескольких формах: «инвариант» и «варианты». Под инвариантом понимают «русский язык вообще», систему языковых единиц и отноше-ний, формирующих качественную стабильность языка и его противопоставленность другим языкам-инвариантам; вариант — это форма реализации инварианта в опреде-ленных позициях.

В статье доказывается необходимость учета принципиальных отличий при рассмо-трении русского языка как средства взаимовоздействия в рамках отдельного государ-ства и обусловленного этим варьирования и явлений иного порядка, к которым отно-сятся региональные отличия. Именно различия такого рода обусловливают адаптацию русского языка к тем условиям, которые сложились на территории отдельных госу-дарств и в которых протекает социальное взаимодействие носителей русского языка сегодня. В связи с этим в статье предлагаются теоретические основания для постро-ения действующей и актуальной модели русского языкового мира, которая отражает специфику взаимодействия русского языка с другими языками и охватывает различные формы существования русского языка, которые в рамках предлагаемой системы опи-сываются с позиции функционального тождества. При этом внимание сосредотачи-вается не на наборе выполняемых ими социальных функций, а на их роли в системе, которая заключается в представлении языка инварианта в конкретных социальных, региональных, исторических условиях.
ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ ПРОЖИВАНИЯ КОРЕННЫХ МАЛОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ СЕВЕРА
Authors: Горностаева Анна Александровна
Published: August 2023

Красноярский край – это большой полиэтничный регион, больше половины которого относится к районам Крайнего Севера. Активное промышленное освоение территорий, которые являются местами исконного проживания коренных малочисленных народов Севера (КМНС) − одно из приоритетных направлений современной политики Красноярского края. Основные действия для сохранения самобытных культур и языков коренных малочисленных народов направлены на преподавание родных языков в учреждениях общего образования. В статье анализируется положение языков КМНС в школьном и дошкольном образовании, роль сохранности языка и языковой ситуации в формировании учебного процесса. Рассматривается современная языковая политика в сфере образования и ее реализация на региональном и муниципальном уровнях через рассмотрение действующих нормативно- правовых актов, стратегий, ежегодных докладов Уполномоченного по правам КМНС Красноярского края, статистических данных Министерства образования Красноярского края, а главное, интервью, взятые автором в 2019-2020 гг. в г. Красноярске у работников школьного и дошкольного образования. Большинство информантов – жители Эвенкийского муниципального района, что повлияло на фокус исследования. Ряд причин, в том числе и эпидемиологическая обстановка, повлиял и на количество информантов. Цель исследования – описать и проанализировать существующее языковое планирование на территориях проживания КМНС в Красноярском крае, функционирование родных языков КМНС в учреждениях школьного и дошкольного образования. Сделана попытка обобщить имеющиеся образовательные практики, привлечь внимание к проблемам сохранения, поддержки и функционирования языков в образовании. В статье рассматриваются районы Красноярского края, где проживает наибольшее количество представителей КМНС: Таймырский (Долгано- Ненецкий), Эвенкийский и Туруханский.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ КРИТЕРИЯХ ПРОТИВОПОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКА И ДИАЛЕКТА В РОМАНСКОМ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИИ
Authors: Нарумов Борис Петрович
Published: August 2023

Публикуемый материал представляет собой фрагмент из незавершенной работы Б.П. Нарумова (1946–2007), посвященный некоторым критериям определения и противопоставления языка и диалекта в работах по романскому языкознанию. Рассматриваются, в основном, критерии, основанные на анализе социолингвистической ситуации в странах романской речи, в том числе, критерий языкового сознания говорящих и критерий взаимопонимания между носителями различных идиомов. Оба этих критерия достаточно неоднозначны. Говорящие на диалектах могут не осознавать своей принадлежности к определенному диалектному ареалу. Взаимопонимание же возможно между носителями разных языков, и уровень его может колебаться. Анализируется также теоретическое осмысление в романистике соотношения между языком, нацией и государством и процессы вписывания языковых меньшинств в структуру многонациональных и многоязычных государств. Наиболее универсальным оказывается критерий социолингвистического статуса, так как официализация языкового образования, как правило, связывается с его утверждением как языка.
ВОСЬМОЕ ЗАСЕДАНИЕ ДИСКУССИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КЛУБА ПО ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ
Authors: Ренковская Евгения Алексеевна
Published: August 2023

25 мая 2021 г. в Институте языкознания РАН состоялось восьмое заседание Дискуссионно-аналитического клуба по языковой политике, которое прошло в онлайн-формате на платформе Zoom. На заседании с докладом на тему «Языковая ситуация в Чувашии» выступил Блинов Александр Васильевич, координатор чувашской инициативной группы «Хавал», заместитель директора школы иностранных языков «Язык для Успеха» (г. Чебоксары).
Heat and Mass Transfer of CNTs Blood-based Casson Nanoliquids MHD Flow over a Rotating Stretchable Disk with Magnetic Field and Heat Source
Authors: Jada Prathap Kumar  , Jawali Channabasappa Umavathi  , Appasaheb Dhone
Published: August 2023

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being used in nanomedicine as drug delivery systems, particularly for the medical therapy of cancer. The CNTs are initially infused into the blood, which then travels to the tumour via waves generated by the artery walls in the presence of an outside influence, like a magnetic field. This article analyses the study of heat and mass transmission in a blood-based Casson nanoliquid MHD flow using single-wall (SW) and multi-wall (MW) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a rotating disc with a heat source and magnetic field effects. The suspension of both kinds of carbon nanotubes is accomplished using Casson blood. The spinning and extending of the disc cause the flow to be formed. The controlling nonlinear PDEs are transformed into nonlinear ODEs, and ODEs are resolved using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order approach in MATLAB's bvp4c package. By means of graphical representation, the effects of different model restrictions are highlighted for the following parameters: momentum, energy transport, concentration, microorganism profiles, drag coefficient, heat and mass transport rates, and motile density number. This study demonstrates that the fluid momentum of a single-walled CNTs-blood Casson nanofluid is relatively less impacted and that the heat profile of this nanofluid is more dominant than that of a multi-walled CNTs-blood nanoliquid. The outcomes further show that with higher levels of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the friction factor and rate of heat transport are improved.
Implementasi Media Berbasis TIK untuk Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ardiana Reni
Published: August 2023

Media pembelajaran merupakan wahana penyalur informasi belajar atau penyalur pesan. Masalahnya adalah bahwa siswa terlalu banyak menerima suatu ilmu dengan verbalisme. Apalagi dalam proses belajar mengajar yang tidak menggunakan media di mana kondisi siswa tidak siap, akan memperbesar peluang terjadinya verbalisme. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi media berbasis TIK dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penerapan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah brain storming. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Metode pengamatan berperanserta (observasi partisipatif), sebagai tekhnik utama untuk mengumpulkan data. Metode wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan terhadap guru  dalam pengumpulan data yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan. Metode dokumentasi sebagai penunjang untuk memperoleh data di lapangan. Tekhnik analisis data yaitu data yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber baik dari pengamatan, catatan lapangan, dan wawancara. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan bentuk sosialisasi di sekolah PAUD dengan harapan dapat mengenalkan teknologi informasi pada anak usia dini , dan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana  guru mengimplementasikan media berbasis TIK untuk pembelajaran anak usia dini. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengenalkan teknologi informasi pada anak usia dini, dan untuk mengentahui manfaat penerapan TIK dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini.
Edukasi Gadget Ramah Anak Usia Dini bagi Orang Tua
Authors: Jasmidalis Diah Andika Sari , Purnamasari Oktaviana , Zulhaini Luthfia
Published: August 2023

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada orang tua tentang penggunaan gadget yang ramah anak. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan model ADDIE dari Dick and Carry, yang terdiri dari  Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Tahap analisa kondisi pengetahuan orangtua tentang penggunaan gadget gadget yang ramah anak kepada orangtua yang mempunyai anak usia 5-6 tahun. Tahap perancangan dirancang materi pelatihan berupa materi pengetahuan gadget yang ramah anak, sesuai dengan kebutuhan, dan kondisi demografi. Tahap Development mengembangkan materi pelatihan, berupa praktek penggunaan gadget yang ramah anak sesuai dengan kompetensi yang diharapkan dari orangtua, serta angket untuk mengukur validitas dan respon subjek penelitian. Tahap implementasi adalah tahap pelatihan penggunaan modul yang terdiri dari 47 orang peserta. Tahap evaluasi, dilakukan setelah pelaksanaan pelatihan. Berdasarkan evaluasi didapatkan bahwa peserta pelatihan mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan setelah mendapatkan pelatihan sebesar 33% dari nilai rata-rata Pre test 47,1 mejadi 70,3 pada saat post tes. Sedangkan pada prakteknya, peserta mampu untuk memilih dan menggunakan aplikasi gadget yang ramah anak usia dini. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan penggunaan model Addie ini sesuai digunakan untuk pemberian pengetahuan pada kegiatan masyarakat.
Analisis Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional dalam Penguatan Kebhinekaan Global
Authors: Cahya Saputri Pramesti , Katoningsih Sri
Published: August 2023

Permainan tradisional merupakan permainan warisan nenek moyang yang mengandung unsur baik dalam perkembangan anak usia dini. Permainan tradisional dapat menumbuhkan generasi pelajar Indonesia sesuai ketentuan program baru Profil Pelajar Pancasila yang memiliki jiwa Pancasila. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya lembaga pendidikan berkontribusi melestarikan budaya Indonesia yang tergeser oleh kecanggihan teknologi selama pandemi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh permainan tradisional dalam penguatan kebhinekaan global pada anak TK B Alam Surya Mentari. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi kepada subyek yang diteliti dan wawancara kepada kepala sekolah dan guru kelas. Sedangkan Teknik analisi data menggunakan model miles dan Huberman dengan tahap analisis data yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah KB & TK Alam Surya Mentari memiliki kontribusi yang baik dalam melestarikan permainan tradisional kepada anak-anak. Upaya yang diterapkan untuk melestarikan permainan tradisional yaitu melalui kegiatan outbound, perlombaan, dan kegiatan belajar mengajar dikelas. Penelitian ini juga menemukan beberapa permainan tradisional yang telah dimainkan oleh anak-anak, seperti bakiak, cublak–cublak suweng, dan jamuran , yang mana anak-anak mengenal  dan ikut berkontribusi melestarikan budaya.
Penggunaan Chatbot Mela terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Kosa Kata Bahasa Indonesia Anak di RA Darul Mu’minin
Authors: Qotrunnida Nabila , Supriatna Encep , Naufal Arzaqi Roby
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  penggunaan chatbot mela untuk meningkatkan kosa kata bahasa Indonesia pada anak. Dalam chatbot mela anak belajar mengenai huruf dan kosa kata. Dalam artikel murhum ini peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain pre-experimental design melalui pendekatan One Group Pretest-Post test Design. Pre experimental design. Teknik Analisa data statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon untuk mengetahui peningkatan bahasa pada anak sebelum dan sesudah diberikan treatmen. Observasi dilakukan di RA Darul Mu’minin Jakarta barat dengan 20 siswa kelas B. Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan peningkatan kosa kata bahasa Indonesia pada siswa RA Darul Mu’minin  dengan hasil analisis uji statistik wilcoxon dengan memperoleh nilai Z= -3,948 berdasarkan dengan negative rank. Pengujian pada penelitian ini merupakan pengujian satu pihak maka nilai Sig.p-value (2-tailed) 0,001 akan dibagi dua . Karena nilai Sig.p value (1-tailed)  lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka artinya H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan kosa kata bahasa Indonesia siswa RA Darul Mu’minin sesudah menggunakan media pembelajaran melalui chatbot mela meningkat dibandingkan sebelum menggunakan media pembelajaran melalui chatbot mela.
Evaluasi Program Literasi Anak dengan Pendekatan Model CIPPO
Authors: Robiah Robiah , Hendarman Hendarman , Hidayat Rais
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan mengalasisis pelaksanaan program literasi. Informan yang menjadi narasumber terdiri dari direktur sekolah, kepala sekolah, guru, orang tua siswa, dan siswa. Dalam evaluasi program ini, penulis menggunakan model evaluasi CIPPO yang terdiri atas empat komponen evaluasi: 1) context, 2) input, 3) process, 4) output, dan 5) outcomes. Data dianalisis dengan model Miles and Huberman dengan tahapan reduksi data, display data, penarikan kesimpulan, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian pada komponen context, keempat aspek penilaian termasuk dalam kategori baik. Dari komponen input, yang terdiri dari tiga aspek penilaian, tedapat satu aspek yang dalam kategori cukup yaitu Sumber Daya Manusia. Dari komponen process yang terdiri tiga aspek, terdapat satu aspek yang termasuk dalam kategori cukup. Hasil evaluasi pada komponen product, terdapat satu aspek dan termasuk dalam kategori baik. Dan pada komponen outcomes terdapat satu aspek penilaian, masuk dalam kategori baik. Berdasarkan kedua belas aspek evaluasi pada komponen context, input, process, product, dan outcomes dapat disimpulkan bahwa program literasi baca tulis pada SD Karakter Cimanggis telah berjalan dengan baik dan dapat dilanjutkan dengan perbaikan pada dua aspek, yaitu komponen input pada aspek Sumber Daya Manusia, dan komponen process pada pelaksanaan program literasi baca tulis.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index Predicts Future Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A 16-Year Follow-up in a Prospective, Community-Dwelling Cohort Study
Authors: Moon Joon Ho , Kim Yongkang , Oh Tae Jung , Moon Jae Hoon , Kwak Soo Heon , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak Chul , Choi Sung Hee , Cho Nam H.
Published: August 2023

Background: While the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a measure of insulin resistance, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been well elucidated. We evaluated the TyG index for prediction of CVDs in a prospective large communitybased cohort.Methods: Individuals 40 to 70 years old were prospectively followed for a median 15.6 years. The TyG index was calculated as the Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)×fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. CVDs included any acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate CVD risks according to quartiles of the TyG index and plotted the receiver operating characteristics curve for the incident CVD.Results: Among 8,511 subjects (age 51.9±8.8 years; 47.5% males), 931 (10.9%) had incident CVDs during the follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, total cholesterol, smoking, alcohol, exercise, and C-reactive protein, subjects in the highest TyG quartile had 36% increased risk of incident CVD compared with the lowest TyG quartile (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.68). Carotid plaque, assessed by ultrasonography was more frequent in subjects in the higher quartile of TyG index (P for trend=0.049 in men and P for trend <0.001 in women). The TyG index had a higher predictive power for CVDs than the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (area under the curve, 0.578 for TyG and 0.543 for HOMA-IR). Adding TyG index on diabetes or hypertension alone gave sounder predictability for CVDs.Conclusion: The TyG index is independently associated with future CVDs in 16 years of follow-up in large, prospective Korean cohort.
The Effect of Earnings Growth, Audit Quality, Investment Opportunity Set on Earnings Quality of Financials Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: WIJAYA Aureliano G T B , GAMALIEL Hendrik , LAMBEY Robert
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of earnings growth, audit quality, and investment opportunity set on earnings quality in financial sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. Earning growth variable is measured by the earnings growth index, audit quality is measured by the dummy variable, the investment opportunity set is measured by MVBVA, and earnings quality is measured by QER. This type of research is a quantitative effect research using secondary data. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method which resulted in 34 companies as research samples from 103 companies. The data analysis technique in this study is multiple linear regression using the SPSS 26 program. The partial results show that earnings growth has a significant and positive effect on earnings quality, and audit quality and investment opportunity set have no effect on earnings quality. The results of the study simultaneously show that earnings growth, audit quality, and investment opportunity sets affect earnings quality.
MILITARY MEDICAL LAW
Authors: Shevchenko O. A. , Morozov P. E. , Ponkin I. V. , Ponkina A. A. , Kudryashova S. N.
Published: August 2023

This textbook characterizes military medical law: its subject, method, system, sources, principles and institutions of General and Special parts. The need to study military medical law is explained by the tendency to deepen legal differentiation and the need to take into ac-count the specifics of legal regulation of relations in the field of health protection of military personnel. The textbook is intended for all those who are interested in military law, medical law and social security law. The legislation is given as of April 2023
Psikiyatrik Hastalıklarda İntihar ve Acil Serviste İntihar Girişimine Müdahale: Güncel Bir Gözden Geçirme
Authors: ÇELİK Selime , KARAKUS YILMAZ Banu , UYGUR Abdullah Burak
Published: August 2023

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne göre intihar kişinin hayatını sona erdirme niyetiyle gerçekleştirdiği kendine zarar verici bir eylem olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Epidemiyolojik olarak intihar, önlenebilir erken ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Ülkemizde ve dünyada giderek artan bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelen intihar nedeniyle, dünya çapında her yıl 800.000’den fazla insan ölmektedir. İntihar; intihar girişimi ve tamamlanmış intihar (ölümle sonuçlanan) olarak gruplandırılmaktadır. Acil servisler genellikle intihar olgularıyla ilk karşılaşılan hastane birimidir ve intihar sonucu ölen insanların yaklaşık %40’ının ölümlerinden önceki yıl içinde en az bir kez acil servis başvurularının olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, acil servis hizmetleri fiziksel sağlık sorunlarıyla ilgilenmenin yanı sıra hastanın ruh sağlığı ihtiyaçlarını değerlendirmek açısından da kritik bir öneme sahiptir ve ciddi bir fırsatı temsil eder. İntihar girişimine acil serviste müdahale ve sonrasında yapılması gerekenler büyük önem arz etmektedir. İntihar ve intihar girişimleri çoğu durumda ruhsal bozukluklarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. İntihar girişimi sonucu ölenlerin %90’ından fazlasında bir psikiyatrik bozukluk olduğu düşünülmektedir. En sık rastlanan temel tanılar ise duygudurum bozuklukları, şizofreni ve madde kullanım bozukluklarıdır. Bireylerin intihar riskinin değerlendirilmesi ve risk altındaki bireylerin erken teşhis ve tedavilerinde çok sayıda değişkenin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Bu değişkenlerin en önemlilerinden biri de intihar için risk oluşturan eşlik eden psikiyatrik hastalıklardır. İntihar davranışı ile psikiyatrik hastalıkların birlikteliği düşünüldüğünde intihar girişiminde bulunan tüm hastalar için psikiyatri konsültasyonunun gerekli olduğu görülmektedir. Fakat gerçekleştirilen çalışma sonuçlarından da görüldüğü üzere; intihar girişimi sonrası acil servisten istenen psikiyatri konsültasyon sayıları oldukça düşüktür. Bu durum aynı zamanda hastaların yetersiz psikiyatrik destek aldıklarının da bir göstergesidir. İntihar girişimi sonrası hastalara yeterli destek sağlanabilmesi için psikiyatri konsültasyonlarının sayısının artırılması ve acil servis çalışanlarının "intihar" ile ilgili eğitim almalarının hastalara katkı sağlayabileceği görülmektedir. Bu derlemede psikiyatrik hastalıklarda intihar davranışı ve acil serviste intihar girişimine yaklaşım konusunun ele alınması amaçlanmıştır.
The Unusual M-dwarf Warm Jupiter TOI-1899 b: Refinement of Orbital and Planetary Parameters
Authors: Lin Andrea S. J. , Libby-Roberts Jessica E. , Alvarado-Montes Jaime A. , Cañas Caleb I. , Kanodia Shubham , Han Te , Hebb Leslie , Jensen Eric L. N. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Powers Luke C. , Swaby Tera N. , Wisniewski John , Beard Corey , Bender Chad F. , Blake Cullen H. , Cochran William D. , Diddams Scott A. , Frazier Robert C. , Fredrick Connor , Gully-Santiago Michael , Halverson Samuel , Logsdon Sarah E. , McElwain Michael W. , Morley Caroline , Ninan Joe P. , Rajagopal Jayadev , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Stefánsson Guðmundur , Stevens Daniel J. , Terrien Ryan C. , Wright Jason T.
Published: August 2023

TOI-1899 b is a rare exoplanet, a temperate warm Jupiter orbiting an M dwarf, first discovered by Cañas et al. (2020) from a TESS single-transit event. Using new radial velocities (RVs) from the precision RV spectrographs HPF and NEID, along with additional TESS photometry and ground-based transit follow-up, we are able to derive a much more precise orbital period of

P
=

29.090312

−
0.000035

+
0.000036

days, along with a radius of R

p
= 0.99 ± 0.03 R
J. We have also improved the constraints on planet mass, M

p
= 0.67 ± 0.04 M
J, and eccentricity, which is consistent with a circular orbit at 2σ (

e
=

0.044

−
0.027

+
0.029

). TOI-1899 b occupies a unique region of parameter space as the coolest known (T
eq ≈ 380 K) Jovian-sized transiting planet around an M dwarf; we show that it has great potential to provide clues regarding the formation and migration mechanisms of these rare gas giants through transmission spectroscopy with JWST, as well as studies of tidal evolution.
Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Dos Santos Leonardo A. , García Muñoz Antonio , Sing David K. , López-Morales Mercedes , Alam Munazza K. , Bourrier Vincent , Ehrenreich David , Henry Gregory W. , Lecavelier des Etangs Alain , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Nikolov Nikolay K. , Sanz-Forcada Jorge , Wakeford Hannah R.
Published: August 2023

One of the most well-studied exoplanets to date, HD 189733 b, stands out as an archetypal hot Jupiter with many observations and theoretical models aimed at characterizing its atmosphere, interior, host star, and environment. We report here on the results of an extensive campaign to observe atmospheric escape signatures in HD 189733 b using the Hubble Space Telescope and its unique ultraviolet capabilities. We have found a tentative, but repeatable in-transit absorption of singlyionized carbon (C ii, 5.2% ± 1.4%) in the epoch of June–July/2017, as well as a neutral hydrogen (H i) absorption consistent with previous observations. We model the hydrodynamic outflow of HD 189733 b using an isothermal Parker wind formulation to interpret the observations of escaping C and O nuclei at the altitudes probed by our observations. Our forward models indicate that the outflow of HD 189733 b is mostly neutral within an altitude of ∼2 R
p and singly ionized beyond that point. The measured in-transit absorption of C ii at 1335.7 Å is consistent with an escape rate of ∼1.1 × 1011 g s−1, assuming solar C abundance and an outflow temperature of 12,100 K. Although we find marginal neutral oxygen (O i) in-transit absorption, our models predict an in-transit depth that is only comparable to the size of measurement uncertainties. A comparison between the observed Lyα transit depths and hydrodynamics models suggests that the exosphere of this planet interacts with a stellar wind at least 1 order of magnitude stronger than solar.
Impact of Changing Stellar and Planetary Magnetic Fields on (Exo)planetary Environments and Atmospheric Mass Loss
Authors: Gupta Sakshi , Basak Arnab , Nandy Dibyendu
Published: August 2023

The magnetic activity of a star—which modulates the stellar wind outflow—shapes the immediate environments of orbiting (exo)planets and induces atmospheric loss, thereby impacting their habitability. We perform a detailed parameter space study using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to understand the effect of changing stellar wind magnetic field and planetary magnetic field strengths on planetary magnetospheric topology and atmospheric losses. It is observed that the relative strengths of stellar and planetary magnetic fields play a significant role in determining the steady-state magnetospheric configuration and atmospheric erosion. When the stellar field is strengthened or the planetary field is weakened, stellar magnetic field accumulation occurs at the dayside of the planet, forcing the magnetopause to shift closer to its surface. The magnetotail opens up, leading to the formation of Alfvén wings in the nightside wake region. We demonstrate how reconnection processes and wind conditions lead to the bifurcation of the magnetotail current sheet. With increasing stellar wind magnetic field strength, the dayside reconnection point approaches the planet, thereby enhancing mass loss. We establish an analytic equation relating the atmospheric mass-loss rates to stellar and planetary magnetic field strengths, which successfully explains the modeled behavior. Our results are relevant for understanding how the interplay of stellar and planetary magnetism influence (exo)planetary environments and their habitability in star–planet systems with differing relative magnetic field strengths or in a single star–planet system over the course of their evolution with age.
The Formation of Imines and Nitriles during VUV Photoirradiation of NH3:C2H
x
Ice Mixtures
Authors: Canta Alessandra , Öberg Karin I. , Rajappan Mahesh
Published: August 2023

Nitriles are key reactants in prebiotic synthesis networks of RNA bases and amino acids. The detection of CH3CN and other complex nitriles in planet-forming disks suggests that such molecules are regularly delivered to nascent planets, increasing the likelihood of origins of life outside of Earth. In this paper, we investigate the formation of CH3CN and the closely related imines from the vacuum ultraviolet irradiation of NH3:C2H6, NH3:C2H4, and NH3:C2H2 ice mixtures at 10–50 K. CH3CN is formed in a subset of these experiments, with the highest yield of ∼5% with respect to the initial NH3 abundance achieved at the lowest ice temperatures for the least saturated hydrocarbon ice mixture. We find that the imine CH3CH=NH serves as an intermediate for the production of CH3CN in all ices and its yield generally appears higher than that of CH3CN. If the investigated ice chemistry is an important formation pathway of nitriles, we should observe CH3CH=NH > CH3CN. The opposite is true toward the Galactic Center, while no published constraints on CH3CH=NH exist in disks. Such constraints are needed to distinguish between the formation pathway presented in this work and other possible gas and ice nitrile formation pathways in different astrophysical environments. In the meantime, we conclude that NH3:hydrocarbon ice photochemistry is an excellent candidate for efficient low-temperature interstellar imine production.
Characterizing CO Emitters in the SSA22-AzTEC26 Field
Authors: Huang Shuo , Umehata Hideki , Kawabe Ryohei , Kohno Kotaro , Lee Minju , Tamura Yoichi , Hatsukade Bunyo , Mawatari Ken
Published: August 2023

We report the physical characterization of four CO emitters detected near the bright submillimeter galaxy (SMG) SSA22-AzTEC26. We analyze the data from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array band 3, 4, and 7 observations of the SSA22-AzTEC26 field. In addition to the targeted SMG, we detect four line emitters with signal-to-noise ratio >5.2 in the cube smoothed with a 300 km s−1 FWHM Gaussian filter. All four sources have NIR counterparts within 1″. We perform UV-to-FIR spectral energy distribution modeling to derive the photometric redshifts and physical properties. Based on the photometric redshifts, we reveal that two of them are CO(2–1) at redshifts of 1.113 and 1.146 and one is CO(3–2) at z = 2.124. The three sources are massive galaxies with a stellar mass ≳1010.5
M
⊙, but have different levels of star formation. Two lie within the scatter of the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1–2, and the most massive galaxy lies significantly below the MS. However, all three sources have a gas fraction within the scatter of the MS scaling relation. This shows that a blind CO line search can detect massive galaxies with low specific star formation rates that still host large gas reservoirs and that it also complements targeted surveys, suggesting later gas acquisition and the need for other mechanisms in addition to gas consumption to suppress star formation.
Enhanced Hydrogen Escape on Mars during the 2018 Global Dust Storm: Impact of Horizontal Wind Field
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Gu Hao , Cui Jun , Wu Xiaoshu , Huang Xu , Ni Yangxin , Wu Zhaopeng , Li Lei
Published: August 2023

Mars has undergone a substantial water loss, transforming from the early warm and wet state to the current cold and arid state. Observations and modeling efforts suggest that hydrogen escape is a metric of water loss on Mars. As a consequence of the vertical transport of water vapor by deep convection, hydrogen escape is significantly enhanced during Martian global dust storms. Motivated by the established scenario that the horizontal wind field could substantially enhance thermal escape, here we evaluate, for the first time, how the escape of H and H2 on Mars during a typical global dust storm is modified by the enhanced horizontal wind field during the period. By combining kinetic model calculations and the Mars Climate Database outputs, we reach the conclusion that a nonnegligible enhancement of the H and H2 escape flux could be driven by horizontal winds near the exobase, reaching 15% for H and 60% for H2 at dawn near the equator during the dust storm. Although the enhancement of the global hydrogen escape rate by the horizontal wind is insignificant, it plays a crucial role in the redistribution of H and H2 escape flux. The results presented here make useful contributions to a thorough understanding of enhanced hydrogen escape during the global dust storms.
General-relativistic Radiation Transport Scheme in Gmunu. I. Implementation of Two-moment-based Multifrequency Radiative Transfer and Code Tests
Authors: Cheong 張 Patrick Chi-Kit 志杰 , Ng Harry Ho-Yin , Lam Alan Tsz-Lok , Li Tjonnie Guang Feng
Published: August 2023

We present the implementation of a two-moment-based general-relativistic multigroup radiation transport module in the General-relativistic multigrid numerical (Gmunu) code. On top of solving the general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics and the Einstein equations with conformally flat approximations, the code solves the evolution equations of the zeroth- and first-order moments of the radiations in the Eulerian-frame. An analytic closure relation is used to obtain the higher order moments and close the system. The finite-volume discretization has been adopted for the radiation moments. The advection in spatial space and frequency-space are handled explicitly. In addition, the radiation–matter interaction terms, which are very stiff in the optically thick region, are solved implicitly. The implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta schemes are adopted for time integration. We test the implementation with a number of numerical benchmarks from frequency-integrated to frequency-dependent cases. Furthermore, we also illustrate the astrophysical applications in hot neutron star and core-collapse supernovae modelings, and compare with other neutrino transport codes.
A Quick Look at the 3 GHz Radio Sky. II. Hunting for DRAGNs in the VLA Sky Survey
Authors: Gordon Yjan A. , Rudnick Lawrence , Andernach Heinz , Morabito Leah K. , O’Dea Christopher P. , Achong Kaylan-Marie , Baum Stefi A. , Bayona-Figueroa Caryelis , Hooper Eric J. , Mingo Beatriz , Morris Melissa E. , Vantyghem Adrian N.
Published: August 2023

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can often be identified in radio images as two lobes, sometimes connected to a core by a radio jet. This multicomponent morphology unfortunately creates difficulties for source finders, leading to components that are (a) separate parts of a wider whole, and (b) offset from the multiwavelength cross identification of the host galaxy. In this work we define an algorithm, DRAGNhunter, for identifying double radio sources associated with AGNs (DRAGNs) from component catalog data in the first epoch Quick Look images of the high-resolution (≈3″ beam size) Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS). We use DRAGNhunter to construct a catalog of >17,000 DRAGNs in VLASS for which contamination from spurious sources is estimated at ≈11%. A “high-fidelity” sample consisting of 90% of our catalog is identified for which contamination is <3%. Host galaxies are found for ≈13,000 DRAGNs as well as for an additional 234,000 single-component radio sources. Using these data, we explore the properties of our DRAGNs, finding them to be typically consistent with Fanaroff–Riley class II sources and to allow us to report the discovery of 31 new giant radio galaxies identified using VLASS.
Evaluation of Automated Measurement of Macular Ischemic Changes in Retinal Vein Occlusion With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Werner Jens U. , Dreyhaupt Jens , Enders Christian
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is altered in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and correlates inversely with visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an imaging tool to visualize FAZ safely and easily. Automated measurements can facilitate interpretation of OCTA images. In this comparative cross-sectional study, we compare the results of manual measurement of the FAZ with automated measurement by built-in application (Metrix).

Methods:

The study included patients with RVO who underwent OCTA. Manual measurement was compared with automated evaluation by Metrix in 3 mm x 3 mm and 6 mm x 6 mm scan sizes and correlations of the circularity, circumference, and size of the FAZ were calculated.

Results:

Forty-seven eyes were included in the study. A reliable measurement result in both Metrix 3 mm x 3 mm and 6 mm x 6 mm was found in only 25 of 47 eyes. The mean FAZ in these eyes by manual measurement was 0.50 mm
2
compared with 0.20 mm
2
and 0.24 mm
2
, respectively, by automated measurement. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found in both the automated 3 mm x 3 mm and 6 mm x 6 mm measurements for FAZ circumference with FAZ circularity but not FAZ area.

Conclusion:

The two automated measurements showed no significant bias regarding the size of the FAZ, but the plausibility of the data should be checked on a case-by-case basis. The manual measurements were higher, indicating limited agreement of manual and automated measurements. The information on circularity can point to ischemic maculopathy early in the course of the disease.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2023;54:462–469.]
Myopic Traction Maculopathy in Low Myopia
Authors: Cole Emily D. , Johnson Mark W.
Published: August 2023

We describe a case of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) in a patient with low myopia that resolved with surgical intervention. Our patient demonstrated no other features of myopic degeneration and none of the typical tractional elements that cause MTM, such as vitreomacular traction due to partial posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) with vitreomacular adhesion, epiretinal membrane, or a remnant cortical vitreous layer following PVD. Possible pathogenic mechanisms in our patient include reduced compliance of the aging internal limiting membrane and/or traction from elasticity within the thin cortical vitreous layer that forms the posterior wall of the premacular liquefied pocket.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2023;54:481–484.]
Characterization of the flanking region of the Shiga toxin operon in Stx2a bacteriophages reveals a diversity of the NanS-p sialate O-acetylesterase gene
Authors: Pascal Stefanía B. , Lorenzo Ramiro , Farías María Victoria Nieto , Rossen John W.A. , Lucchesi Paula M. A. , Krüger Alejandra
Published: August 2023

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are diarrheagenic strains that can cause bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Their main virulence factor, the Shiga toxin (Stx), is encoded by phages integrated into the bacterial chromosome. Stx phages are widely diverse and carry many genes with limited or unknown function. As the toxin subtype Stx2a is associated with highly pathogenic strains, this study was mainly focused on the characterization of the stx flanking region of Stx2a phages. Of particular interest was a sialate O-acetylesterase (NanS-p), which has been described previously to be encoded downstream stx in some phage genomes and may confer a growth advantage for STEC. Complete DNA sequences of Stx2a phages and prophages were retrieved from the GenBank database, and the genomic regions from anti-terminator Q to holin S genes were bioinformatically analyzed. Predicted NanSp sequences from phages encoding other Stx subtypes were also studied. Additionally, expression of nanS-p was quantified by qPCR in strains selected from our laboratory collection. The analysis of Stx2a phage genomes showed that all carried the Q, stx2a, nanS-p and S genes, but with allele diversity and other sequence differences. In particular, sequence differences were detected in each of the three domains of NanS-p esterases encoded by Stx2a phages and other Stx phages; however, nanS-p was not identified in the Stx2e, Stx2f and Stx2g phages analyzed. The expression of nanS-p increased in most stx2a-positive strains under phage inducing conditions, as was previously shown for stx2a. As the present work showed diversity at the Q-S region among Stx phages, and particularly in the encoded NanS-p enzyme, future studies will be necessary to evaluate if NanS-p variants differ in their activity and to assess the impact of the absence of nanS-p in certain Stx phages.