bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profesionalismo en tiempos de crisis: análisis de las principales controversias éticas durante la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: González-Amarante María del Pilar , Ayala Enríquez Pablo , Cordero Díaz Mary Ana , Valdez-García Jorge E. , López Mildred , Olivares Olivares Silvia Lizett
Published: April 2022

El cuidado del equipo interprofesional de salud es un factor indispensable para que el sistema sanitario funcione de manera estable y resiliente, especialmente cuando la presión se vuelve extrema. La pandemia, además de poner a prueba los sistemas de salud y sus actores, ha dejado algunas dudas respecto a los alcances del profesionalismo, frente a las demandas y expectativas que la sociedad tiene. Para efectos de la presente revisión, el concepto de profesionalismo en tiempos de crisis incluye controversias y dilemas que surgen en la relación con la sociedad, ética profesional y responsabilidad sobre el autocuidado. El compromiso y la resiliencia para garantizar el cuidado del paciente son evidentes en el actuar de los profesionales de la salud; sin embargo, en ocasiones esto ha ido en detrimento de su propia integridad física y moral. La agenda de salud en México está en deuda con médicos, residentes y profesionales de enfermería, una vía para saldarla es a través del fortalecimiento de las instituciones, la definición de políticas y normativas institucionales que promuevan el autocuidado y, entre otras medidas, el establecimiento de sistemas que no obliguen a aquéllos a convertirse en héroes enfrentados a los riesgos de una crisis.
Lugar para la simulación clínica
Authors: Bozzo Navarrete Sergio
Published: April 2022

Sin duda la práctica con pacientes es fundamental en la formación médica que es, en esencia, un saber aplicado. La práctica en centros asistenciales con pacientes reales, por su parte, ha sido la opción primordial y método tradicional para demostraciones y práctica supervisada de estudiantes de la salud de pre y postgrado.
Rapid Screening Using Pathomorphologic Interpretation to Detect BRAFV600E Mutation and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Kotani Daisuke , Hattori Masahiro , Nishihara Masato , Shikanai Toshihide , Hashimoto Junji , Hama Yuki , Nishino Takuya , Suzuki Mizuto , Yoshidumi Ayatoshi , Ueno Makoto , Komatsu Yoshito , Masuishi Toshiki , Hara Hiroki , Esaki Taito , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Bando Hideaki , Yamada Tomoyuki , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Rapid decision-making is essential in precision medicine for initiating molecular targeted therapy for patients with cancer. This study aimed to extract pathomorphologic features that enable the accurate prediction of genetic abnormalities in cancer from hematoxylin and eosin images using deep learning (DL).

Experimental Design:

A total of 1,657 images (one representative image per patient) of thin formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from either primary or metastatic tumors with next-generation sequencing–confirmed genetic abnormalities—including BRAFV600E and KRAS mutations, and microsatellite instability high (MSI-H)—that are directly relevant to therapeutic strategies for advanced colorectal cancer were obtained from the nationwide SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN project. The images were divided into three groups of 986, 248, and 423 images to create one training and two validation cohorts, respectively. Pathomorphologic feature-prediction DL models were first developed on the basis of pathomorphologic features. Subsequently, gene-prediction DL models were constructed for all possible combinations of pathomorphologic features that enabled the prediction of gene abnormalities based on images filtered by the combination of pathomorphologic feature-prediction models.

Results:

High accuracies were achieved, with AUCs > 0.90 and 0.80 for 12 and 27, respectively, of 33 analyzed pathomorphologic features, with high AUCs being yielded for both BRAFV600E (0.851 and 0.859) and MSI-H (0.923 and 0.862).

Conclusions:

These findings show that novel next-generation pathology methods can predict genetic abnormalities without the need for standard-of-care gene tests, and this novel next-generation pathology method can be applied for colorectal cancer treatment planning in the near future.
Hallmarks of Resistance to Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Karasarides Maria , Cogdill Alexandria P. , Robbins Paul B. , Bowden Michaela , Burton Elizabeth M. , Butterfield Lisa H. , Cesano Alessandra , Hammer Christian , Haymaker Cara L. , Horak Christine E. , McGee Heather M. , Monette Anne , Rudqvist Nils-Petter , Spencer Christine N. , Sweis Randy F. , Vincent Benjamin G. , Wennerberg Erik , Yuan Jianda , Zappasodi Roberta , Lucey Vanessa M. Hubbard , Wells Daniel K. , LaVallee Theresa
Published: April 2022

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), although revolutionary in improving long-term survival outcomes, are mostly effective in patients with immune-responsive tumors. Most patients with cancer either do not respond to ICIs at all or experience disease progression after an initial period of response. Treatment resistance to ICIs remains a major challenge and defines the biggest unmet medical need in oncology worldwide. In a collaborative workshop, thought leaders from academic, biopharma, and nonprofit sectors convened to outline a resistance framework to support and guide future immune-resistance research. Here, we explore the initial part of our effort by collating seminal discoveries through the lens of known biological processes. We highlight eight biological processes and refer to them as immune resistance nodes. We examine the seminal discoveries that define each immune resistance node and pose critical questions, which, if answered, would greatly expand our notion of immune resistance. Ultimately, the expansion and application of this work calls for the integration of multiomic high-dimensional analyses from patient-level data to produce a map of resistance phenotypes that can be utilized to guide effective drug development and improved patient outcomes.
A Costimulatory CAR Improves TCR-based Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Omer Bilal , Cardenas Mara G. , Pfeiffer Thomas , Daum Rachel , Huynh Mai , Sharma Sandhya , Nouraee Nazila , Xie Cicilyn , Tat Candise , Perconti Silvana , Van Pelt Stacey , Scherer Lauren , DeRenzo Chris , Shum Thomas , Gottschalk Stephen , Arber Caroline , Rooney Cliona M.
Published: April 2022

T-cell receptors (TCR) recognize intracellular and extracellular cancer antigens, allowing T cells to target many tumor antigens. To sustain proliferation and persistence, T cells require not only signaling through the TCR (signal 1), but also costimulatory (signal 2) and cytokine (signal 3) signaling. Because most cancer cells lack costimulatory molecules, TCR engagement at the tumor site results in incomplete T-cell activation and transient antitumor effects. To overcome this lack of signal 2, we genetically modified tumor-specific T cells with a costimulatory chimeric antigen receptor (CoCAR). Like classical CARs, CoCARs combine the antigen-binding domain of an antibody with costimulatory endodomains to trigger T-cell proliferation, but CoCARs lack the cytotoxic CD3ζ chain to avoid toxicity to normal tissues. We first tested a CD19-targeting CoCAR in combination with an HLA-A*02:01-restricted, survivin-specific transgenic TCR (sTCR) in serial cocultures with leukemia cells coexpressing the cognate peptide–HLA complex (signal 1) and CD19 (signal 2). The CoCAR enabled sTCR+ T cells to kill tumors over a median of four additional tumor challenges. CoCAR activity depended on CD19 but was maintained in tumors with heterogeneous CD19 expression. In a murine tumor model, sTCR+CoCAR+ T cells improved tumor control and prolonged survival compared with sTCR+ T cells. We further evaluated the CoCAR in Epstein–Barr virus–specific T cells (EBVST). CoCAR-expressing EBVSTs expanded more rapidly than nontransduced EBVSTs and delayed tumor progression in an EBV+ murine lymphoma model. Overall, we demonstrated that the CoCAR can increase the activity of T cells expressing both native and transgenic TCRs and enhance antitumor responses.
Molecular Signature of Tumor-Associated High Endothelial Venules That Can Predict Breast Cancer Survival
Authors: Sawada Junko , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Qi Rongsu , Jiang Lu , Fournier-Goss Ashley E. , Yoshida Masayuki , Kawashima Hiroto , Komatsu Masanobu
Published: April 2022

High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post-capillary venules that recruit naïve lymphocytes to lymph nodes. HEVs are essential for the development of adaptive immunity. HEVs can also develop in tumors where they are thought to be important for recruiting naïve T cells and B cells into the tumors and locally enhancing antitumor immunity by supporting the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Herein, we used comparative transcriptome analysis of human breast cancer to investigate genes differentially expressed between tumor-associated HEVs and the rest of the tumor vasculature. Tumor vessels highly expressing HEV-upregulated genes, such as the homeobox gene MEOX2 and the tetraspanin gene TSPAN7, were associated with extensive infiltration of T and B cells and the occurrence of tertiary lymphoid structures, which is known to predict therapeutic responses to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, high transcript counts of these genes in clinical tumor specimens were associated with a significant survival benefit in advanced breast cancer. The molecular signature of HEVs identified herein may be useful for guiding immunotherapies and provides a new direction for investigating tumor-associated HEVs and their clinical significance.

See related Spotlight by Gallimore, p. 371.
Loss of LRRC33-Dependent TGFβ1 Activation Enhances Antitumor Immunity and Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Jiang Aiping , Qin Yan , Springer Timothy A.
Published: April 2022

TGFβ has multiple roles and gene products (TGFβ1, -β2, and -β3), which make global targeting of TGFβ undesirable. Expression of TGFβ requires association with milieu molecules, which localize TGFβ to the surface of specific cells or extracellular matrices. Here, we found that LRRC33 was specifically associated with TGFβ1, not TGFβ2 and TGFβ3, and was required for surface display and activation of TGFβ1 on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. Loss of LRRC33-dependent TGFβ1 activation slowed tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing innate and adaptive antitumor immunity in multiple mouse syngeneic tumor models. LRRC33 loss resulted in a more immunogenic microenvironment, with decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells, more active CD8+ T and NK cells, and more skewing toward tumor-suppressive M1 macrophages. LRRC33 loss and PD-1 blockade synergized in controlling B16.F10 tumor growth. Our results demonstrate the importance of LRRC33 in tumor biology and highlight the therapeutic potential of dual blockade of the LRRC33/TGFβ1 axis and PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy.
Inhibiting Type I Arginine Methyltransferase Activity Promotes T Cell–Mediated Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Fedoriw Andrew , Shi Leilei , O'Brien Shane , Smitheman Kimberly N. , Wang Yunfei , Hou Jiakai , Sherk Christian , Rajapurkar Satyajit , Laraio Jenny , Williams Leila J. , Xu Chunyu , Han Guangchun , Feng Qin , Bedford Mark T. , Wang Linghua , Barbash Olena , Kruger Ryan G. , Hwu Patrick , Mohammad Helai P. , Peng Weiyi
Published: April 2022

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) are a widely expressed class of enzymes responsible for catalyzing arginine methylation on numerous protein substrates. Among them, type I PRMTs are responsible for generating asymmetric dimethylarginine. By controlling multiple basic cellular processes, such as DNA damage responses, transcriptional regulation, and mRNA splicing, type I PRMTs contribute to cancer initiation and progression. A type I PRMT inhibitor, GSK3368715, has been developed and has entered clinical trials for solid and hematologic malignancies. Although type I PRMTs have been reported to play roles in modulating immune cell function, the immunologic role of tumor-intrinsic pathways controlled by type I PRMTs remains uncharacterized. Here, our The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analysis revealed that expression of type I PRMTs associated with poor clinical response and decreased immune infiltration in patients with melanoma. In cancer cell lines, inhibition of type I PRMTs induced an IFN gene signature, amplified responses to IFN and innate immune signaling, and decreased expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine VEGF. In immunocompetent mouse tumor models, including a model of T-cell exclusion that represents a common mechanism of anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) resistance in humans, type I PRMT inhibition increased T-cell infiltration, produced durable responses dependent on CD8+ T cells, and enhanced efficacy of anti–PD-1 therapy. These data indicate that type I PRMT inhibition exhibits immunomodulatory properties and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to induce durable antitumor responses in a T cell–dependent manner, suggesting that type I PRMT inhibition can potentiate an antitumor immunity in refractory settings.
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Heidenreich Paul A. , Bozkurt Biykem , Aguilar David , Allen Larry A. , Byun Joni J. , Colvin Monica M. , Deswal Anita , Drazner Mark H. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Evers Linda R. , Fang James C. , Fedson Savitri E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hayek Salim S. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Khazanie Prateeti , Kittleson Michelle M. , Lee Christopher S. , Link Mark S. , Milano Carmelo A. , Nnacheta Lorraine C. , Sandhu Alexander T. , Stevenson Lynne Warner , Vardeny Orly , Vest Amanda R. , Yancy Clyde W.
Published: April 2022

Aim:

The “2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure” replaces the “2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure” and the “2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure.” The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with heart failure.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant clinical trials and research studies, published through September 2021, were also considered. This guideline was harmonized with other American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines published through December 2021.

Structure:

Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The 2022 heart failure guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to managing patients with heart failure, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients’ interests. Many recommendations from the earlier heart failure guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data. Value statements are provided for certain treatments with high-quality published economic analyses.
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Heidenreich Paul A. , Bozkurt Biykem , Aguilar David , Allen Larry A. , Byun Joni J. , Colvin Monica M. , Deswal Anita , Drazner Mark H. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Evers Linda R. , Fang James C. , Fedson Savitri E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hayek Salim S. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Khazanie Prateeti , Kittleson Michelle M. , Lee Christopher S. , Link Mark S. , Milano Carmelo A. , Nnacheta Lorraine C. , Sandhu Alexander T. , Stevenson Lynne Warner , Vardeny Orly , Vest Amanda R. , Yancy Clyde W.
Published: April 2022

Aim:

The “2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure” replaces the “2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure” and the “2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure.” The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with heart failure.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant clinical trials and research studies, published through September 2021, were also considered. This guideline was harmonized with other American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines published through December 2021.

Structure:

Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The 2022 heart failure guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to managing patients with heart failure, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients’ interests. Many recommendations from the earlier heart failure guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data. Value statements are provided for certain treatments with high-quality published economic analyses.
Synthetic Extracellular Volume in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Without Blood Sampling: a Reliable Tool to Replace Conventional Extracellular Volume
Authors: Chen Wensu , Doeblin Patrick , Al-Tabatabaee Sarah , Klingel Karin , Tanacli Radu , Jakob Weiß Karl , Stehning Christian , Patel Amit R. , Pieske Burkert , Zou Jiangang , Kelle Sebastian
Published: April 2022

Background:

The calculation of extracellular volume (ECV) in cardiac magnetic resonance requires hematocrit, limiting its applicability in clinical practice. Based on the linear relationship between hematocrit and blood T1 relaxivity, a synthetic ECV could be estimated without a blood sample. We aim to develop and test regression models for synthetic ECV without blood sampling in 1.5-T and 3.0-T scanners.

Methods:

A total of 1101 subjects who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance scanning with native and postcontrast T1 mapping and venous hematocrit within 24 hours were retrospectively enrolled. Subjects were randomly split into derivation (n=550) and validation (n=551) subgroups for each scanner. Different regression models were derived controlling for sex, field strength, and left ventricle/right ventricle blood pool and validated in the validation group. We performed additional validation analyses in subgroups of patients with histological validation (n=17), amyloidosis (n=29), anemia (n=185), and reduced ejection fraction (n=322).

Results:

In the derivation group, 8 specific models and 2 common estimate models were derived. In the validation group, using specific models, synthetic ECV had high agreement with conventional ECV (R
2
, 0.87;
P
<0.0001 and R
2
, 0.88,
P
<0.0001; −0.16% and −0.10%, left ventricle and right ventricle model, respectively). Common models also performed well (R
2
, 0.88;
P
<0.0001 and R
2
, 0.89,
P
<0.0001; −0.21% and −0.18%, left ventricle and right ventricle model, respectively). Histological validation demonstrated equal performance of synthetic and measured ECV. Synthetic ECV as calculated by the common model showed a bias in the anemia cohort significantly reduced by the specific model (−2.45 to −1.28, right ventricle common and specific model, respectively).

Conclusions:

Synthetic ECV provided a promising way to calculate ECV without blood sampling. Specific models could provide the most accurate value, while common models could be more suitable in routine clinical practice because of their simplicity while maintaining adequate accuracy.
Testing, Teacher Turnover, and the Distribution of Teachers Across Grades and Schools
Authors: Fuchsman Dillon , Sass Tim R. , Zamarro Gema
Published: April 2022

Teacher turnover has adverse consequences for student achievement and imposes large financial costs for schools. Some have argued that high-stakes testing may lower teachers’ satisfaction with their jobs and could be a major contributor to teacher attrition. In this paper, we exploit changes in the tested grades and subjects in Georgia to study the effects of eliminating high-stakes testing on teacher turnover and the distribution of teachers across grades and schools. To measure the effect of testing pressures on teacher mobility choices we use a difference-in-differences approach, comparing changes in mobility over time in grades/subjects that discontinue testing vis-à-vis grades/subjects that are always tested. Our results show that eliminating testing did not have an impact on the likelihood of leaving teaching, moving between districts, changing schools within a district, or changing grades. Our findings hold for all teachers as well as for the subsample of early career teachers.
The Widening Global Network of Indonesian Diaspora Scholars in Malaysia
Authors: Sari Betti Rosita , Maunati Yekti , Wuryandari Ganewati , Lamijo
Published: April 2022

The paper discusses the global network for Indonesian diaspora scholars who work in Malaysian tertiary education, an emerging Asian education hub. The study is based on documents, text reviews, interviews, and reflections from Indonesian diaspora scholars. Our analysis identified three main themes: building academic success, brain circulation, and contributing to development in the country of origin. The analysis indicates that the interplay between the quality of human diaspora capital and Malaysian policies on higher education has shaped the academic success stories of Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia. Although the Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia have generated brain drain debates, the findings show that while Indonesian scholars continue to work in Malaysia, they also exercise their global networks as sources of human capital and knowledge to assist their home country.
Schopenhauer, Existential Negativity, and Buddhist Nothingness
Authors: Nelson Eric S.
Published: April 2022

Hegel remarked in his discussion of the nothing in the Science of Logic that: “It is well known that in oriental systems, and essentially in Buddhism, nothing, or the void, is the absolute principle.” Schopenhauer commented in a discussion of the joy of death in The World as Will and Representation: “The existence which we know he willingly gives up: what he gets instead of it is in our eyes nothing, because our existence is, with reference to that, nothing. The Buddhist faith calls it Nirvana, i.e., extinction.” It is striking how nineteenth-century German philosophical discourses (from Hegel and Schopenhauer to Mainländer, von Hartmann, and Nietzsche) concerning negativity, nihility, and nothingness explicitly refer to Buddhism, which was initially conceived by Christian missionaries as a “cult of nothingness” and became entangled with European debates concerning pessimism (the Pessimismusstreit) and nihilism. In this article, I reconsider how the interpretation of negativity and nothingness in Schopenhauer and nineteenth-century German thought informed the reception of Buddhism as a philosophical and religious discourse, and trace the ways in which Buddhist emptiness was reinterpreted in the context of the Western problematic of being and nothingness.
Dao as You? Dropping Proper Parthood in a Mereological Reconstruction of Daoist Metaphysics
Authors: Banka Rafal
Published: April 2022

In this article, I discuss parthood status in mereologically interpreted Daoist metaphysics, based on the Daodejing. I depart from the dao and you interrelation, which mereologically overlap by sharing parts. I consider the case of a complete overlap, which (a) challenges proper parthood, according to which a part cannot be identical with the whole that it composes, and (b) entails the question of identity that, while complying with classical mereology, cannot be consistent with Daoist metaphysics. The discussion leads to abandoning proper parthood and antisymmetry axiom from classical axiomatics. It also shows a plausible further direction for mereological reconstruction.
Contact call acoustic structure is associated with inter-individual distances during antiphonal vocal exchanges in wild red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti)
Authors: McLester Edward
Published: April 2022

Contact calls allow animals to maintain group cohesion when visibility is restricted. To maximise call detection, animals should produce calls that are audible to closest neighbours or respond to individuals that produce preceding calls (i.e., antiphony). Antiphonal exchanges are more likely to occur between older conspecifics that respond more reliably or close neighbours that are more likely to detect calls when groups are travelling. Because animals should produce calls that are optimised for propagation, call structure should be associated with the distance between individuals calling in antiphonal exchanges. I investigated whether acoustic structures of red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) contact calls (phrased grunts) reflected increased sound propagation as nearest neighbour distances increased, depending on three factors: (1) the occurrence of a preceding grunt, (2) neighbour age-sex class, and (3) group travel speed. I recorded grunts from five habituated monkey groups at Kibale National Park, Uganda. Per grunt, I measured five parameters associated with sound propagation. Grunt mean entropy and frequency related negatively to neighbour distance when the neighbour produced a preceding grunt or when there was no preceding grunt, but not when a more distant individual grunted prior. Neighbour age-sex class and group travel speed did not influence whether grunt structure was associated with neighbour distance, but monkeys produced grunts with higher mean entropy and frequency as groups travelled faster. Variation in grunt mean entropy and frequency was associated with propagation to either nearest neighbours or more distant individuals that produced preceding calls, providing quantitative evidence for antiphonal calling. By calling antiphonally, animals in cohesive groups can spread out to avoid intra-group competition while maintaining contact with other group members. Higher grunt entropy and frequency as groups travel faster may counteract more variable sound attenuation as animals move through acoustically complex (e.g., densely vegetated) environments.
Displaced People and Public Mercy: A Theological Account
Authors: Teklu Theodros Assefa
Published: April 2022

Place shapes people (who will in turn shape it); it reveals the contextual nature of religions and their theologies, implying that certain phenomena can have a disruptive impact on the theological domain, rendering it an on-going reflective enterprise. In this article I seek to construct a public theology that responds to the disruption of displacement. To this end, I rehearse some of the theoretical considerations on the precarious nature of the human condition of displacement in order to appraise its disruptive potential. Then I draw on Gregory of Nyssa’s homilies on almsgiving to generate a theological account of public mercy that addresses itself to this condition of displacement. Finally, I will accentuate the desirability of mercy as a public virtue, arguing that its decline in contemporary public life and the diminishing consensus on its meaning in current scholarly discourses is disastrous.
Time and Space in the Kingdom of God: Exploring Bonhoeffer’s Worldly and Earthly Christianity in the Anthropocene
Authors: Rayson Dianne
Published: April 2022

This article considers Bonhoeffer’s treatment of time and space and their relationship to worldly Christianity, and asks how this might be important for life in the Anthropocene. It engages with time and space via aspects of several of his texts including his first published monograph, Creation and Fall: A Theological Exposition of Genesis 1–3 (1937) delivered as the ‘Creation and Sin’ lectures at the University of Berlin through 1932–33; the short lecture, “Thy Kingdom Come: The Prayer of the Church-Community for God’s Kingdom on Earth” (19 November 1932); as well as his Ethics (incomplete manuscripts from 1940–43). It applies these findings to Bonhoeffer’s notion of worldly Christianity. In doing so, it pursues a contemporary development of worldly Christianity in the form of Earthly Christianity, one suitable for the demands of the new age, the Anthropocene, characterised by disruption, dissociation with the world, and a loss of hope.
Process and Mutually Enticing Opportunity as an Explanation for the US-China Trade War Negotiations
Authors: Wichterman Jenna
Published: April 2022

The US-China trade war lasted for two years, resulting in a volatile environment for multinational businesses and exacerbating already heated Sino-American political tensions. Despite all the uncertainty it produced, the Phase One trade agreement was an economic ceasefire and not a negotiated agreement that resolved core issues in the Sino-American trade relationship. The US-China trade war negotiations failed to yield a successful negotiated agreement addressing core bilateral trade issues largely due to a mutually enticing opportunity to produce a ceasefire rather than address core issues, and process failures. The United States failed to collect information and apply expert advice in the diagnostic stage; both parties failed to establish a negotiation formula; and the US lacked an authoritative spokesperson. This led to a nearly-wasted two years of negotiations, which concluded with the Phase One trade deal declared in January 2020 due to both sides’ perception of a mutually enticing opportunity.
L’histoire de Delphes et les Asclépiades
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: April 2022

The object of this communication is to contribute to a rehabilitation of the Presbeutikos of Hippocrates generally considered since Littré as a legendary writing on the life of Hippocrates. Since Littré, the archaeological and epigraphic discoveries on Delphi have provided the Presbeutikos with anchoring points in reality. Three stages were important : a first, dating from the first half of the 20th century, due to Hans Pomtow, a second in the second half of the 20th century, due to Jean Bousquet and a third stage at the start of the 21st century due to Denis Rousset. These advances due to archaeologists must be put in relation with the advances of philologists which are not negligible either on the edition of the Presbeutikos after Émile Littré, in particular by the examination of the Ionian vocabulary of this speech including the rare words, which are hapax in the Hippocratic Corpus and are also attested in Herodotus. The language of Presbeutikos, by its antiquity, differs from that of more recent Letters.
Standard of Review in Indirect Expropriation: Reconciling the Effect Rule with the Doctrine of Intent
Authors: Ajibo Collins C. , Oguejiofor Chikodili O. , Egbom Chidi C. , Onyia Gloria I. , Okwulehie Iwu Victor E. , Nkokelonye Adaeze J.
Published: April 2022

The standard of review that underpins investor-state dispute resolution particularly in the energy and natural resources sectors remains mired in a conundrum of legitimacy. While the jurisprudence of arbitral tribunals illustrates that the effect doctrine constitutes the central standard of review, and the intent behind the measure is largely jettisoned, questions remain as to whether the exclusive reliance on the effect doctrine reflects the interest of both parties and actually balances such interests in such strategic sectors as oil and gas where a trade-off is critical in view of massive State reliance on accrued revenue. In essence, it is contended that the doctrine of intent be deployed to complement the effect doctrine. Such an approach will not only enhance the substantive legitimacy of the dispute settlement process but equally reflect the balanced interest emblematic of the proportionate commitment of both parties.
The Journal of the Galliot Nieuwer Amstel
Authors: van den Hout Julie , Jacobs Jaap , Dewulf Jeroen
Published: April 2022

In February 1660, supercargo Laurens de Sille sailed from New Amsterdam (Manhattan) to Curaçao aboard the galliot Nieuwer Amstel. Tasked with maintaining a record of the cargo, De Sille kept a journal of the four-month journey to Curaçao and back. While keeping a journal was common practice on Dutch ships, few survive from the seventeenth century. De Sille’s journal offers a unique insight into mid-seventeenth-century shipping activities at Curaçao, as his account captures day-to-day proceedings during a period for which there are only sparse extant sources on the island’s history. More importantly, De Sille’s chronicle of his two-month stay on the island depicts Curaçao as it emerged as a hub for the Dutch transatlantic slave trade.
Migrant Identity and Culture Maintenance: The Welsh in Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio, 1870–1930
Authors: Tyler Robert Llewellyn
Published: April 2022

This paper identifies the Welsh as a distinct ethno-linguistic community in the city of Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio during the late decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth. The paper analyses the nature of the Welsh community in the city, assesses the extent of involvement in its cultural expression, and considers socioeconomic improvement as indicated by occupational change. Further, the study considers culture maintenance, and suggests that Welsh ethnic integrity was undermined by a variety of forces, primarily: occupational diversity, bilingualism, high levels of exogamy, and the cessation of immigration from Wales. The article further posits that assimilation was aided by the desire of the Welsh to enter mainstream American society, with some actively abandoning their Old-World characteristics, and the host society’s perception, strongly promulgated by Welsh community leaders, that they were ideal immigrants.
German-Brazilians in Misiones Argentina: Tension between Identity and Ethnicity
Authors: Gallero María Cecilia
Published: April 2022

German-Brazilians recreated their homeland in Misiones, Argentina. They are distinguished for having developed transgenerational migration patterns: they inhabited the south of Brazil for a hundred years and then lived almost another century in Argentina. This article analyses how the identity of German migrants was shaped by their feeling of belonging to this new territory and what tensions were evidenced in their identity. Oral history and ethnographic fieldwork were the basis of this research that seeks to unravel tensions between identity and ethnicity after a century of settlement in Argentina (1919–2019). It has been structured in three parts: first some debates about Germanness are exposed. German-Brazilian immigration in Misiones is presented, and finally, tensions between identity and ethnicity are analysed through the Vogelfest, a family party.
Nights of Plague
Authors: Pamuk Orhan , Damrosch David , Ungureanu Delia
Published: April 2022

The following is an edited transcript of the opening plenary session of the Institute for World Literature in July 2020 – held online as a result of Covid-19. In this conversation with IWL’s director and associate director, Orhan Pamuk discusses his understanding of world literature and his place in it, and his ongoing work on his novel Nights of Plague, then nearing completion.
The World Poetics of Lockdown in Pandemic Poetry
Authors: Patnaik Anhiti
Published: April 2022

This essay uses contemporary theories on World Literature to discuss two anthologies of pandemic poetry: Singing in the Dark: A Global Anthology of Poetry Under Lockdown, and And We Came Outside and Saw the Stars Again: Writers from Around the World on the Covid-19 Pandemic. These anthologies develop a new criticality on issues of migration, biopower, and inequality that have long “plagued” cultures of late capitalism. As they represent various states of lockdown imposed around the world due to the spread of the coronavirus, the anthologies grapple with the paradoxical experience of the “singular-universal” that comes with living in a pandemic. By emphasizing the untranslatability of diverse bodies, races, cultures, and languages, these anthologies deconstruct the perceived synchrony of experiencing lockdown. This essay reveals how they attempt to deconstruct the Eurocentrism of “World Literature” by reconfiguring the category of the “global” and representing collective trauma.
“[S]old to Any One Who Would Buy Them”
Authors: Jones Ebony
Published: April 2022

The British Parliament passed the Slave Trade Abolition Act in 1807, making the transatlantic trade in human beings illegal. Intended to eliminate Atlantic high-sea slave trading, the 1807 Act placed limitations on how the merchant and planter class could move their human property between British holdings while also forbidding intercolonial slave trading. Included was an imperial-sanctioned exception to the rule—the “convict slave” clause—that allowed authorities in the British Caribbean to sell enslaved people to foreign colonies under transportation sentences allocated by colonial courts. This article pays particular attention to criminal transportation and its use to punish the enslaved. Execution of such sentences occurred at a time when Britain began its maritime abolition campaign and Spanish participation in the transatlantic slave trade simultaneously intensified. It provides evidence of operations of a local market in convicted enslaved people in Jamaica that was only possible because of the island’s intra-American slave trading connections with the Spanish Americas, and in particular, the commercial connections it held with the nearby-island of Cuba.
From the Green Zone to Havana Syndrome: Making Geographic Sense of Rotationality and Hardship in Diplomacy
Authors: Essex Jamey , Bowman Joshua
Published: April 2022

Most foreign ministries use a rotational system in deploying personnel abroad, with diplomats moving between foreign posts every few years and earning salary premiums based on the risks, dangers, and hardships associated with different foreign posts. We examine rotationality and hardship in diplomacy, identifying these as spatial and institutional practices for managing a global network of diplomatic personnel and sites. These are institutionalized in foreign ministries’ processes for assessing and compensating hardship and danger, and embodied in the design, function, and locational contexts of embassy buildings in foreign capitals. We rely on empirical examples from the US and Canadian foreign services, looking at US embassies in Berlin and Baghdad, and “Havana syndrome” among American and Canadian diplomats and their family members. We conclude that security-heavy forms of hardship assessment and management can limit diplomats’ ability to build local knowledge and constrain the interaction and openness usually prized in diplomatic practice.
Street Youth Groups in Sidi Moussa/Morocco: The Everyday Resistance of Precariousness
Authors: Touhtou Rachid
Published: April 2022

Street youth groups (syg) in Morocco represent underground urban counterculture where “class conflict” is being fed by lack of opportunities to climb the social ladder. Indefinable and tormenting globalization (Montgomery, 2019; Wacquant, 2009) has psychologically and socially transformed youth into social “victims”/dreamers of a “modern” wellbeing. Social inequalities exacerbated by covid-19 pandemic produced new precarious youths at the margins of “patronaged” neoliberal policies implemented for buying social peace policies. In this context, this paper is based on an ethnographic research with “Tcharmil” Street youth in the neighborhood of Sidi Moussa in Sale, twin city of the Capital Rabat known for urban violence in substandard housing. In this paper, I argue that these “Mcharmlin” youth are resisting marginalization through invading streets and imposing their “subculture” as a “non-movement” (Bayat, 2013) against inequalities. These humans of Sidi Moussa who are young and poor, facing the Atlantic and far from the Capital about 30 minutes behind walled ancient city of Sale of Corsairs, dreaming of a stable life, job and respect from society, living in “Zanqa 0”. Youth refusing nothingness are invading streets which do not have even a name as all streets are numbered from 0 to 14. each narrow street faces the Atlantic either you escape, or you get stuck if you turn your back on the Atlantic.
Contemporary Youth Culture at the Margins of Marseille and Milan: Gangs, Music, and Global Imaginaries
Authors: Mansilla Juan Camilo , Grassi Paolo , Palmas Luca Queirolo
Published: April 2022

In this article, we will compare Marseille and Milan, as well as the social (and digital) practices of young people living in two neighbourhoods: LaFab in the third district—one of the poorest areas of the French city—and San Siro—one of the largest social housing areas of the Italian one. These young people were born in France and Italy, but their parents are mostly of African origins. This comparative analysis is carried out at three interdependent levels: the youth policies, the ethnographic study of young people practices, and the imaginaries they (re)create. In conclusion, we will show how social exclusion intersects with spatial marginalisation and how, in the two cities, groups of young people (through music production, ngo projects, or illicit drug-trafficking networks) have developed glocally-oriented strategies to create self-determination and creativity spaces as an alternative to such structural obstacles.
Monalisas Without a Smile: Female Characters in Romanian Cinema between the ‘false feminism’ of the socialist era and the ‘antifeminism’ of the 1990s
Authors: Pojoga Mădălina
Published: April 2022

In Romanian Socialist cinema, filmul de actualitate (topical/contemporary/everyday life film) represented a topical genre that was supposed to reflect and legitimize – using the propaganda apparatus – an ideal but fictional society in which the protagonist had to be a hero with exceptional qualities, who reflected and promoted socialist ideology. My paper takes into account cinematic representations of female characters in this genre that reflect the Communist Party’s ideology regarding the role women should play in a socialist society. Once emancipated through work, their social roles changed in the 1970s as they became the symbol of motherhood. I will also discuss the way these representations changed after the fall of the communist regime and how the postcommunist transition highlighted the emergence of a new type of femininity when women were considered exportable goods, a product fitted for the free market.
“Secret Service Plot” or “Drunken Night”? Accounting Strategies in a Resignation Speech and Their Uptake in Media Reports in Three Countries
Authors: Gruber Helmut
Published: April 2022

In this article, former Austrian vice-chancellor’s H.C. Strache’s resignation speech and its media coverage in Austria, Germany, and the German speaking part of Switzerland are investigated. Strache resigned after the publication of a secretly recorded meeting with an alleged Russian oligarch during which he (and his closest political collaborator) discussed illegal ways of party funding. The analysis shows that Strache applies justifications (presenting him as victim of a plot) as well as excuses (presenting his demeanor as the normal behavior of a drunken male) in his resignation speech. These seemingly contradictory framing strategies, however, are shown to fit both into the right-wing populist rhetoric repertoire. Analysis of the media coverage of the speech shows country specific differences although media in all three countries did not adopt Strache’s framing strategies. The article also discusses the merits of integrating different data sources and methods in contrastive socio-pragmatic research.
Song, Dance, and the Karbala Martyrs: Muharram Commemoration and Sunni Islam in Kachchh, Gujarat
Authors: Bond Brian E.
Published: April 2022

Sunni Muslims in Kachchh, Gujarat commemorate the Islamic month of Muharram with a variety of practices, including street processions, drumming, musical stage performances, dancing, and dhamāl (piercing the body with skewers and daggers). This article focuses on osāṇī (<ḥusainī), a song genre that is only performed during Muharram and serves as the musical foundation of the osāṇī circle dance. Osāṇī dance is noteworthy for its incorporation of a stylized form of hāth kā mātam, the chest-beating typically associated with Shiʿa Muslims’ lamentation for the Karbala martyrs, which is generally avoided and criticized by Sunnis in other areas of South Asia. Drawing attention to the affectively mixed quality of osāṇī performances, I underscore the role of maza (enjoyment, fun) in the religious life of Muslim Kachchh, thus offering a counterbalance to the focus on valorized affects that has characterized recent influential studies of self-formation and embodied religious devotion in Muslim societies. Finally, the article traces the impact of Islamic reformism, which has prompted many Sunnis associated with the Ahl-e Sunnat wa Jamaʿat (“Barelvī”) movement to refrain from participating in osāṇī and other forms of Muharram commemoration over the past few decades.
Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverwort and Hornwort names published 2019–2020
Authors: SÖDERSTRÖM LARS , HAGBORG ANDERS , VON KONRAT MATT
Published: April 2022

A widely accessible authoritative list of known plant species is a fundamental requirement for local, regional, and global biodiversity conservation efforts. The longstanding index series of published names of liverworts and hornworts continues with 2019 and 2020. The list herein includes one higher taxon name, six generic names, 13 infrageneric names, 124 specific names, 27 infraspecific names, one infrageneric autonym and nine infraspecific autonyms for 2019 and 2020. The list includes 13 names of fossils as well as 13 invalid names. Four older names omitted in the earlier indices are included.
Morphological variability of stomatocyst 131 Pang & Wang (Chrysophyceae) from a freshwater shallow lake in South Urals, Russia
Authors: IGNATENKO MARINA , YATSENKO-STEPANOVA TATYANA , KAPUSTIN DMITRY
Published: April 2022

Stomatocyst 131 Pang & Wang was described from the sedge mires and puddles in the Aershan Geological Park, China and it has not been reported from other localities since its description. We recorded stomatocyst 131 from a shallow lake Zhurmankol in South Urals, Russia. Morphological variability of this morphotype was studied using scanning electron microscopy. We showed that the width of hexagonal pattern as well as the height of the mesh edges significantly varied depending on the maturation stage of the stomatocyst. An amended diagnosis of this stomatocyst is provided.
Amanita pallidoverruca, a new species of Amanita section Validae from the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China
Authors: CUI YANG-YANG , YANG ZHU L. , CAI QING
Published: April 2022

Amanita pallidoverruca, a new species of A. sect. Validae, is described from the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. This species is associated with Picea trees and is characterized by a greyish brown pileus decorated with dirty white to greyish warts, non-striate and non-appendiculate pileal margin, subapical annulus with a greyish yellow to olivaceous edge, and amyloid, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 8–10 × 6–7 μm. Phylogenetic analyses based on nrLSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1-α indicated that it is closely related to A. excelsa. Illustrated morphological descriptions, and comparisons with closely related and similar species are provided.