bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoscience Poster G7: The search for new oil and CO
Authors: Kalinowski Aleksandra
Published: June 2022

Poster G7 Residual oil zones (ROZs) could present a new, potentially large and commercially viable oil resource for Australia and provide an avenue for geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) through CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). These reservoirs, which can contain a moderate amount of residual oil and resemble water-flooded oil fields, can be associated with conventional fields (brownfields) or occur with no associated main pay zone (greenfields). Both types of ROZ are currently produced commercially through CO2-EOR in the Permian Basin, USA, and are of growing interest internationally, but our understanding of the occurrence and economic viability of oil production from ROZs in Australia is limited. We are employing geological and petrophysical methods to identify, map and quantify the potential oil resources of ROZs, initially in central Australian basins. Complementing this, we are conducting a series of CO2 core-flooding experiments combined with reservoir modelling to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of producing oil and storing CO2 in these formations. We aim to establish and test a workflow for characterising and evaluating ROZs in Australia. ROZs could prove to be good targets for CO2-EOR+, potentially even producing carbon-neutral or carbon-negative oil by using CO2 from anthropogenic sources, such as from blue hydrogen production. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Geoscience Poster G10: Addressing exploration uncertainties in the southern Bonaparte Basin: enhanced stratigraphic control and post drill analysis for upper Permian plays
Authors: Owens R.
Published: June 2022

Poster G10 The upper Permian to lower Triassic sedimentary succession in the southern Bonaparte Basin represents an extensive marginal marine depositional system that hosts several gas accumulations, including the Blacktip gas field that has been in production since 2009. Development of additional identified gas resources has been hampered by reservoir heterogeneity, as highlighted by preliminary results from a post drill analysis of wells in the study area that identify reservoir effectiveness as a key exploration risk. The sedimentary succession that extends across the Permian–Triassic stratigraphic boundary was deposited during a prolonged marine transgression and shows a transition in lithofacies from the carbonate-dominated Dombey Formation to the siliciclastic-dominated Tern and Penguin formations. Recent improvements in chronostratigraphic calibration of Australian biostratigraphic schemes, spanning the late Permian and early Triassic, inform our review of available palynological data, and re-interpretation and infill sampling of well data. The results provide a better-resolved, consistent and up-to-date stratigraphic scheme, allowing an improved understanding of the timing, duration and distribution of depositional environments of the upper Permian to lower Triassic sediments across the Petrel Sub-basin and Londonderry High. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Geoscience Poster G12: Old basins, new seismic data – architecture of Proterozoic basins in Northwest Queensland
Authors: Edwards Sally
Published: June 2022

Poster G12 As part of the Strategic Resources Exploration Program and to complement surveys acquired under Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future (EFTF) initiative, the Geological Survey of Queensland acquired the Camooweal 2D seismic survey in 2019. This survey was designed to support exploration for hydrocarbons in the Georgina and South Nicholson Basins and Isa Superbasin in Northwest Queensland (NWQ) by providing precompetitive sub-surface data to enable interpretation of basin and basement architecture and to examine structures interpreted in the 2018 North West Queensland SEEBASE Study. The Camooweal 2D seismic survey extends Geoscience Australia’s L210 South Nicholson Seismic Survey into an underexplored region of NWQ. It also ties into and complements the 1994 and 2004 Mount Isa seismic surveys, and the 2019 L212 Barkly Seismic Survey in the Northern Territory. The South Nicholson survey highlighted a significant thickness of sedimentary strata and identified a new depocenter of probable Proterozoic age, now referred to as the Carrara Sub-basin. The Camooweal and Barkly surveys extended the seismic coverage in this region and possibly increase the Carrara Sub-basin’s extent underneath the Georgina Basin. This work will present an interpretation of the basin architecture of the Camooweal 2D seismic in light of the recent drilling at NDI Cararra 1 and tie into interpretation of the Barkly Seismic Survey to provide a regional interpretation of NWQ’s Proterozoic basins in the region. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Engineering Poster E12: A holistic approach to reducing small-bore fitting and tubing failures in oil and gas facilities
Authors: Singh Rajinesh
Published: June 2022

Poster E12 Small-bore piping and instrument tubing vibration failures are not just a hidden risk to production, reliability, and safety, but also a frequent source of emissions through leaks and plant flaring when issues arise. Vibration-induced failure risks are often overlooked and detected too late, despite making up a significant portion of leaks and lost production incidents. Conventional approaches to managing these hidden risks have resulted in recurring failures and unplanned downtime at process plants. Large inventories of Small-Bore Fittings (SBFs) and tubing generally require management as most are integral parts of the plant and can be classed as safety and/or production critical. Small-bore tubing assemblies are at risk of fatigue failure due to a general lack of awareness of the best-practice design for reducing vibration response and how to manage this risk. A holistic approach to manage and pro-actively reduce small-bore piping and tubing vibration anomalies in the field is presented in this paper. This involves a risk-based assessment approach combined with the use of digital tools to register, manage, and visualise the status of the risk to the plant and the improvement in risk with the implementation of remedial actions. Best-practice and a short case study is discussed to demonstrate how the approach can be implemented to effectively reduce and manage vibration-induced small-bore piping and tubing failure incidents. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
ESG Poster ESG9: Enhancing the management of decommissioning activities in joint development areas
Authors: Ashman Mike (Michael) , Gibbs Grant
Published: June 2022

Poster ESG9 To help reduce physical injuries and improve mental health, Esso Australia has partnered with a seasoned wellness coach on a ‘Fit for Work, Healthy for Life’ program for the offshore workforce. Creating a health and wellbeing ‘game of life plan’ for an imperfect world, tailored to the challenges of offshore work to support personnel to perform at their best in all facets of life, at each stage of life, with a strong focus on being in the right head space to succeed. Key aspects are learning, eating, sleeping, connecting, injury prevention training, procrastination, instant gratification and mental health. Central to making any behavioural changes is individual engagement and making time to listen, which is being achieved through a real-world approach, discussing everyday challenges and normalising personal conversations combined with coaching on how to spark and manage difficult conversations to solve issues and concerns. As ‘no one t-shirt fits everyone’, we need to take diverse approaches, understanding that we are different, genetically, emotionally, physically and psychologically. ‘Listening to your body’ is a strategy discussed during the sessions that enables people to understand and act on potentially unrecognised mental or physical signs their body may be presenting. Since being rolled out to the offshore Esso workforce in the second quarter of 2021, the positive feedback from both a physical and mental health perspective from the participants has been overwhelming, with a common theme of healthy body, healthy mind shining through! To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
ESG Poster ESG11: Lighting the way
Authors: Hardman Blair , Sharp Dave
Published: June 2022

Poster ESG11 Historically, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd have utilised Mobile Diesel Lighting Towers (MDLTs), with ‘turtle friendly’ luminaires at the Gorgon natural gas project (located on Barrow Island, Western Australia), operated by Chevron Australia on behalf of a joint venture of the Australian subsidiaries of Chevron (47.3%), ExxonMobil (25%), Shell (25%), Osaka Gas (1.25%), Tokyo Gas (1%) and JERA (0.417%). MDLTs are a known, relatively safe and reliable light source that can be utilised in most locations, though they emit noise, odour, vibrations, waste hydrocarbons and CO2 as well as requiring regular refuelling and general engine maintenance. With recent and significant improvements in solar energy harvest, and battery storage efficiencies, Mobile Solar Lighting Towers (MSLTs) have technical and performance characteristics that are comparable, and in many instances superior, to MDLTs. In addition to these characteristics, Chevron Australia has successfully worked with its Australian supplier, conducting trials on site to introduce a range of additional design and performance improvements. These improvements include simple Human–Machine Interface (HMI) touch screen interface allowing remote automation through WiFi or 4G, real-time battery and performance monitoring, CCTV, geofencing and GPS tracking. The benefits of replacing just 25 owned MDLTs with solar includes the abatement of over 600 tonnes of CO2 and direct operational cost savings of almost A$50 000 per year (not including indirect cost savings or avoided carbon emissions costs). Further, net present value calculations demonstrate a financial benefit exceeding A$1 000 000 over 5 years when the solar towers are leased compared with maintaining existing or purchasing new diesel units. These MSLT units are delivering environmental benefits, direct and indirect financial savings, and reduced health, safety and environment risk, which have been welcomed by the on-site workforce. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Interpreters’ explicitating styles
Authors: Gumul Ewa , Bartłomiejczyk Magdalena
Published: June 2022

This article investigates explicitation as an indicator of individual interpreters’ style in the outputs of professional interpreters working for the European Parliament. The material used for the study is a sub-corpus of target texts by 12 interpreters extracted from a larger bi-directional parallel corpus of plenary contributions with the aid of voice recognition software. Interpretations from English into Polish and vice versa have been annotated manually for various explicitating shifts, ranging from cohesion-related additions and specifications to more extensive pragmatically oriented amplifications. Our initial hypothesis holds that interpreters working for the Polish Language Unit, who regularly cooperate and as a result acquire similar linguistic habits, are expected to display limited variety in their explicitating styles. The results do not confirm this assumption. The interpreters in our sample differ substantially in their explicitating styles, especially regarding frequency and consistency. This finding precludes any convergence due to their status as members of the same community of practice.
Nasal transfer in Hmongic
Authors: Taguchi Yoshihisa
Published: June 2022

Hmongic languages exhibit a single nasal coda -ŋ corresponding to three codas in Mienic: -m, n, -ŋ, which suggests that Hmongic languages have lost place distinctions in nasal codas. However, in some words, Hmongic syllables with a nasal coda -ŋ correspond to Mienic syllables with no nasal coda, which has been recognized as posing a problem in reconstructing Proto-Hmong-Mien. This paper provides an explanation for this exceptional correspondence by hypothesizing a phonological change in Proto-Hmongic and in later stages whereby nasality transfers from a syllable-initial nasal to a tautosyllabic coda. This paper also explores the Proto-Hmongic rime categories to which the relevant words would be expected to belong if the nasal transfer did not apply.
A proof of the polynomial conjecture for restrictions of nilpotent lie groups representations
Authors: Baklouti Ali , Fujiwara Hidenori , Ludwig Jean
Published: June 2022

Let

G
G

be a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group,

K
K

an analytic subgroup of

G
G

and

π
\pi

an irreducible unitary representation of

G
G

whose coadjoint orbit of

G
G

is denoted by

Ω
(
π
)

\Omega (\pi )

. Let

U

(

g

)

\mathscr U(\mathfrak g)

be the enveloping algebra of

g

C

{\mathfrak g}_{\mathbb C}

,

g

\mathfrak g

designating the Lie algebra of

G
G

. We consider the algebra
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D Subscript pi Baseline left-parenthesis upper G right-parenthesis Superscript upper K Baseline asymptotically-equals left-parenthesis script upper U left-parenthesis German g right-parenthesis slash kernel left-parenthesis pi right-parenthesis right-parenthesis Superscript upper K">

D

π

(
G

)
K

≃

(

U

(

g

)

/

ker
⁡
(
π
)
)

K

D_{\pi }(G)^K \simeq \left (\mathscr U(\mathfrak g)/\operatorname {ker}(\pi )\right )^K

of the

K
K

-invariant elements of

U

(

g

)

/

ker
⁡
(
π
)

\mathscr U(\mathfrak g)/\operatorname {ker}(\pi )

. It turns out that this algebra is commutative if and only if the restriction

π

|

K

\pi |_K

of

π
\pi

to

K
K

has finite multiplicities (cf. Baklouti and Fujiwara [J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 83 (2004), pp. 137-161]). In this article we suppose this eventuality and we provide a proof of the polynomial conjecture asserting that

D

π

(
G

)
K

D_{\pi }(G)^K

is isomorphic to the algebra

C

[
Ω
(
π
)

]
K

\mathbb C[\Omega (\pi )]^K

of

K
K

-invariant polynomial functions on

Ω
(
π
)

\Omega (\pi )

. The conjecture was partially solved in our previous works (Baklouti, Fujiwara, and Ludwig [Bull. Sci. Math. 129 (2005), pp. 187-209]; J. Lie Theory 29 (2019), pp. 311-341).
Integrative data semantics through a model-enabled data stewardship
Authors: Wegner Philipp , Schaaf Sebastian , Uebachs Mischa , Domingo-Fernández Daniel , Salimi Yasamin , Gebel Stephan , Sargsyan Astghik , Birkenbihl Colin , Springstubbe Stephan , Klockgether Thomas , Fluck Juliane , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Kodamullil Alpha Tom
Published: June 2022

Motivation

The importance of clinical data in understanding the pathophysiology of complex disorders has prompted the launch of multiple initiatives designed to generate patient-level data from various modalities. While these studies can reveal important findings relevant to the disease, each study captures different yet complementary aspects and modalities which, when combined, generate a more comprehensive picture of disease etiology. However, achieving this requires a global integration of data across studies, which proves to be challenging given the lack of interoperability of cohort datasets.

Results

Here, we present the Data Steward Tool (DST), an application that allows for semi-automatic semantic integration of clinical data into ontologies and global data models and data standards. We demonstrate the applicability of the tool in the field of dementia research by establishing a Clinical Data Model (CDM) in this domain. The CDM currently consists of 277 common variables covering demographics (e.g. age and gender), diagnostics, neuropsychological tests and biomarker measurements. The DST combined with this disease-specific data model shows how interoperability between multiple, heterogeneous dementia datasets can be achieved.

Availability and implementation

The DST source code and Docker images are respectively available at https://github.com/SCAI-BIO/data-steward and https://hub.docker.com/r/phwegner/data-steward. Furthermore, the DST is hosted at https://data-steward.bio.scai.fraunhofer.de/data-steward.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Spectral clustering of single-cell multi-omics data on multilayer graphs
Authors: Zhang Shuyi , Leistico Jacob R , Cho Raymond J , Cheng Jeffrey B , Song Jun S
Published: June 2022

Motivation

Single-cell sequencing technologies that simultaneously generate multimodal cellular profiles present opportunities for improved understanding of cell heterogeneity in tissues. How the multimodal information can be integrated to obtain a common cell type identification, however, poses a computational challenge. Multilayer graphs provide a natural representation of multi-omic single-cell sequencing datasets, and finding cell clusters may be understood as a multilayer graph partition problem.

Results

We introduce two spectral algorithms on multilayer graphs, spectral clustering on multilayer graphs and the weighted locally linear (WLL) method, to cluster cells in multi-omic single-cell sequencing datasets. We connect these algorithms through a unifying mathematical framework that represents each layer using a Hamiltonian operator and a mixture of its eigenstates to integrate the multiple graph layers, demonstrating in the process that the WLL method is a rigorous multilayer spectral graph theoretic reformulation of the popular Seurat weighted nearest neighbor (WNN) algorithm. Implementing our algorithms and applying them to a CITE-seq dataset of cord blood mononuclear cells yields results similar to the Seurat WNN analysis. Our work thus extends spectral methods to multimodal single-cell data analysis.

Availability and implementation

The code used in this study can be found at https://github.com/jssong-lab/sc-spectrum. All public data used in the article are accurately cited and described in Materials and Methods and in Supplementary Information.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The incidence of cancer recurrence and new cancer following commencement of dialysis
Authors: Lim Wai H , Ooi Esther , Pankaj Aashi , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Lin Yingxin , Johnson David W , Hawley Carmel M , Viecelli Andrea K , Pilmore Helen , Roberts Matthew A , Davies Christopher E , Krishnan Anoushka , Wong Germaine
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with kidney failure have a higher cancer risk compared with the age-matched general population. However, the outcomes of incident dialysis patients with a prior cancer history are unknown.

Methods

Using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry data (2000–2019), the outcomes and survival probabilities of incident dialysis patients with prior cancers and having experienced a cancer recurrence or having developed a new cancer after dialysis commencement were described.

Results

Of 4912 patients with prior cancers before dialysis commencement, 323 (7%) and 343 (7%) patients experienced cancer recurrence or developed new cancers after dialysis initiation, respectively. The median time from dialysis commencement to cancer recurrence was 1.2 years [interquartile range (IQR) 0.5–2.8] and was 2.0 years (IQR 0.7–4.0) for new cancer occurrence. Of those with cancer recurrence, 80% presented with metastatic disease and one in two patients died from cancer, with a median time from cancer recurrence to death of 0.5 years (IQR 0.2–1.7). Of those who developed new cancer, urinary tract and respiratory cancers were the most frequent cancer types, with a median time from new cancer diagnosis to death of 1.3 years (IQR 0.4–3.1). The 3-year survival probabilities on dialysis following cancer recurrence and new cancer were 19% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15–24] and 41% (35–47), respectively.

Conclusion

Among incident dialysis patients with a prior cancer history, 14% experienced cancer recurrence or developed a new cancer. Patients who experienced cancer recurrence or developed new cancer have poor outcomes, with ˂50% surviving beyond 3 years. These findings suggest the need to have a greater understanding of the characteristics, cancer screening, treatment responses and reasons for commencing dialysis in patients with kidney failure and prior cancer history, which may help in the shared clinical decision-making process when considering dialysis for these patients.
I will not see his like again: Remembering Salman Schocken (1968)
Authors: Schocken Gershom , Obermeier Stephanie , Jessen Caroline
Published: June 2022

After Salman Schocken’s death in 1959, public portrayals and obituaries praised the entrepreneur and philanthropist’s accomplishments. In 1967, Salman Schocken’s son Gershom Schocken wrote an essay reframing these earlier portraits. It took the accomplished journalist eight years to come to terms with this task, in his newspaper Haaretz, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of Salman Schocken’s birth. Some months later, an extended version of the text appeared in the German monthly Der Monat, translated into German by Gershom Schocken himself. Provided here is an abridged English translation of the German version of Schocken’s memories, accompanied by a brief commentary explaining the text’s relevance in the context of the Year Book’s special section on Salman Schocken’s collections.
Evaluating Expanded Noninvasive Prenatal Screening
Authors: Bayefsky Michelle J. , Caplan Arthur L. , Hoskins Iffath A.
Published: June 2022

Public attention has been drawn recently to the commercial availability of noninvasive prenatal screening for rare genetic conditions, despite estimates that the positive predictive value of such tests is low. Many have focused on the importance of educating patients on the difference between screening and diagnostic testing so that they are adequately prepared for the possibility of a false-positive result. Even so, we question whether expanded noninvasive prenatal screening is ready to be used a screening tool. We argue that established public health criteria for evaluating the risks and benefits of a screening tool should be applied to expanded noninvasive prenatal screening. If a test fails to meet accepted standards, governmental agencies should consider regulating the accuracy and promotional claims of commercially available tests.
Prevalence of Acute Neck Pain Following Sports-Related Concussion in High School Athletes
Authors: Cheever Kelly , King Jeffery , Swan Alicia A. , Kawata Keisuke
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

To explore the prevalence of acute neck pain in high school athletes following sports-related concussion (SRC) and to examine the role of acute neck pain in modifying or amplifying concurrent concussive symptoms.

Design:

Retrospective observational.

Setting:

High school sporting events.

Participants:

High school athletes who suffered a sports-related concussion between the 2011 and 2019 academic years academic years from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) Study.

Interventions:

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures:

Prevalence of neck pain (yes/no) along with 33 other commonly reported concussion symptoms, number of symptoms reported, mechanism of injury (contact with person/surface or object), sport type (contact/noncontact), and injury history (first time/repeated injury).

Results:

One hundred thirty-eight of 401 athletes (33.9%) indicated acute neck pain following SRC. Those with neck pain reported significantly more symptoms overall (M = 13.53, SD = 6.89) relative to their non–neck pain counterparts (M = 8.46, SD = 5.68; t [191.35] = 7.11, P < 0.001). Athletes with SRC due to contact with a surface were significantly less likely to report neck pain than those reported contact with a person. Neck pain, repeated injury, and female sex were significantly associated with a greater number of concussion symptoms in the acute phase.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that acute neck pain is a frequent acute symptom following SRC and signals the necessity for additional screening to seek and identify comorbid cervical pathology. Prospective studies should seek to access the benefit of cervical therapy in the early stages in SRC patients with neck pain to reduce the risk of persistent postconcussion symptoms.
Cardiac arrest centres: what, who, when, and where?
Authors: Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Yeo Jun Wei , Ong Marcus Eng Hock
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

Cardiac arrest centres (CACs) may play a key role in providing postresuscitation care, thereby improving outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). There is no consensus on CAC definitions or the optimal CAC transport strategy despite advances in research. This review provides an updated overview of CACs, highlighting evidence gaps and future research directions.

Recent findings

CAC definitions vary worldwide but often feature 24/7 percutaneous coronary intervention capability, targeted temperature management, neuroprognostication, intensive care, education, and research within a centralized, high-volume hospital. Significant evidence exists for benefits of CACs related to regionalization. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated clearly improved survival with favourable neurological outcome and survival among patients transported to CACs with conclusions robust to sensitivity analyses. However, scarce data exists regarding ‘who’, ‘when’, and ‘where’ for CAC transport strategies. Evidence for OHCA patients without ST elevation postresuscitation to be transported to CACs remains unclear. Preliminary evidence demonstrated greater benefit from CACs among patients with shockable rhythms. Randomized controlled trials should evaluate specific strategies, such as bypassing nearest hospitals and interhospital transfer.

Real-world study designs evaluating CAC transport strategies are needed. OHCA patients with underlying culprit lesions, such as those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or initial shockable rhythms, will likely benefit the most from CACs.
The Optimal Length of Stay after Microvascular Breast Reconstruction: A Cost-Utility Analysis
Authors: Mericli Alexander F. , Selber Jesse C. , Largo Rene D. , Tran Jacquelynn P. , Liu Jun , Reece Gregory P.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Length of stay can have a large impact on overall surgical costs. Several studies have demonstrated that a shortened length of stay is safe and effective after microvascular breast reconstruction. The optimal length of stay from a cost-utility perspective is not known.

Methods:

The authors used a decision tree model to evaluate the cost-utility, from the perspective of the hospital, of a variety of length-of-stay strategies. Health state probabilities were estimated from an institutional chart review. Expected costs and quality-adjusted life-years were assessed using Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analyses.

Results:

Over a 10-year period, the authors’ overall flap loss and take-back rates were 1.6 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively. After rollback, a 3-day length of stay was identified as the most cost-effective strategy, with an expected cost of $41,680.19 and an expected health utility of 25.68 quality-adjusted life-years. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis confirmed that discharge on postoperative day 3 was the most cost-effective strategy in the majority of simulations when the willingness-to-pay threshold varied from $50,000 to $130,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

Conclusion:

This cost-utility analysis suggests that a 3-day length of stay is the most cost-effective strategy after microvascular breast reconstruction.
Long-Term Evaluation of Endoscopic and Pretrichial Open Forehead Lifts: A Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Aslan Gülbitti Haydar , Stakelbeek Charlotte , van der Lei Berend
Published: June 2022

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the long-term (average, 6 years; range, 3 to 11 years) follow-up results of both the endoscopic and pretrichial open forehead lift. Both the amount of eyebrow elevation and patient satisfaction (FACE-Q questionnaires) were analyzed.

Methods:

Preoperative and postoperative eyebrow positions of 65 patients were measured. Both eyebrow sides were measured at three different points. Thirty-two patients completed the FACE-Q questionnaires (10 domains, Dutch translation).

Results:

Both the endoscopic and the pretrichial open forehead lift raised the eyebrow significantly at all measured points for each eye. This elevation effect was maintained significantly after long-term evaluation (average, 6 years; range 3 to 11 years), with no significant difference reported between techniques. After both procedures, patients were satisfied or strongly satisfied according to the FACE-Q questionnaires.

Conclusion:

Both the endoscopic forehead lift and the pretrichial open forehead lift raise the eyebrow significantly, and both have a long-term effect with either satisfied or strongly satisfied patients, as evaluated according to the FACE-Q questionnaire.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, III.
Renal mitochondrial toxicity: effects of thymidine analogues and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in African people with HIV
Authors: Hunt Matthew , Phillips Richard , Hardy Yasmine , Owusu Dorcas O. , Mitchelmore Rosa , Durrani Mehrab , Payne Brendan A.I. , Chadwick David R.
Published: June 2022

We investigated the contributions of thymidine analogue and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) antiretroviral therapy on renal mitochondrial toxicity in Ghanaian people with HIV (PWH). Similar levels of renal biochemical and mitochondrial dysfunction were seen, and there was no increased risk in PWH who had sequenced from thymidine analogue to TDF. However, mild renal impairment was associated with mitochondrial DNA damage in TDF but not thymidine analogue-treated PWH. These data support the continued use of TDF in resource-limited settings.
Sugar chain structure of apolipoprotein B-100 and its role in oxidation
Authors: Okada Masahiko
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research was to determine the structure of oligosaccharide antennae located on the surface of apoB-100, and to examine their roles in the oxidation process and in the signal transduction of endothelial cells. The profiles of oligosaccharides on apoB-100 were determined by enzymatic digestions as follows. First, N-glycanase was used to release a mixture of oligomannose and complex types of oligosaccharides. Second, endoglycosidase H was used to release high-mannose and hybrid types. Third, O-glycosidase DS was used to release O-linked oligosaccharides. The released oligosaccharides were then labeled and quantified by electrophoresis. In vitro apoB-100 oxidation was mimicked by adding transition copper ions. For the signal transduction study, I examined the expression of adhesion molecules on cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells by adding LDL in which the oligosaccharide sequences were enzymatically modified. The sugar chain structures on the surface part of apoB-100 were composed predominantly of N-linked oligosaccharides, i.e., two forms of complex type and five forms of high-mannose type. The digestion of sugar chains by exoglycosidases and endoglycosidases did not result in any changes in the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Also, LDL without monosaccharides such as sialic acid, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine did not induce any significant effect on the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, or ELAM-1. I found that the sugar chains did not play any significant roles in the oxidative processing of LDL and also in the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, or ELAM-1.
Interacting abiotic and biotic drivers shape woody invasions across Hawaiian forests
Authors: Craven Dylan , Chase Jonathan M. , Knight Tiffany M.
Published: June 2022

The same features that generate native biodiversity patterns across and within oceanic islands over evolutionary time – climate, soil age, topography, and biotic interactions – also influence their vulnerability to biological invasions. Here, we identify the factors that shape the richness and abundance of alien woody species in forest communities across the Hawaiian archipelago, and assess the relative importance of abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors and their interactions on the establishment and dominance of woody alien species. Using a database of 460 forest plots distributed across the six major Hawaiian islands, we examine variation ini) relative alien species richness and abundance as a function of abiotic and anthropogenic factors (e.g., temperature, aridity, soil age, and the human influence index) andii) establishment and dominance of alien species as a function of the same abiotic and anthropogenic factors, as well as phylogenetic and trait distinctiveness. We found that relative alien species richness and abundance were higher in areas where temperature was high and aridity low. Gradients in temperature, aridity, soil age, and human influence also modulated the importance of biotic factors in determining establishment of alien species. In contrast, whether these alien species could become locally dominant was not strongly influenced by abiotic or biotic factors, or their interactions. Our results suggest that environmental filtering mediates the strength of biotic filtering in determining where woody aliens are able to colonize and establish on these oceanic islands, but not whether they become dominant. The context dependence of multi-species invasions highlights the complexity of developing management strategies to mitigate the biodiversity and ecosystem impacts of biological invasions.
A systematic review on spectator behavior in esports: why do people watch?
Authors: Rietz Julia , Hallmann Kirstin
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Esports is rapidly growing in popularity and viewership. The study's purpose was threefold: (1) to provide a systematic review and synthesis of esports spectatorship research. (2) to provide a reference for the psychology of consumer behavior in esports live streaming and esports event attendance. (3) to deliver a clear picture of the factors that impact consumer behavior in esports online and on-site consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

The study systematically reviews motivational aspects of online and on-site spectatorship using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA). SCOPUS and Google Scholar were selected as social science databases. Twenty-five papers met the inclusion criteria: (1) published between 2000 and 2022, (2) empirical investigation, (3) focus on online and/or on-site esports spectatorship/events. Five papers implemented randomization to assess common method bias.

Findings

Twenty-five papers qualified for subsequent analysis. The papers were mostly quantitative. They included a theoretical framework and investigated online esports spectatorship. Significant antecedents for motivation to watch esports online and/or on-site were fanship, tension release, entertainment, escaping everyday life and unique features like chat and direct communication. No consensus was found concerning similarities or differences between online and on-site esports spectatorship and traditional sports spectatorship.

Originality/value

This research contributed to a new theoretical, methodological and practical agenda. A more comparative approach analyzing contextual, structural and demographic cues could lead to a holistic picture of esports spectator motivation.
The potential role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development at Musina municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Ramaano Azwindini Isaac
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study evaluates “the potential role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development at Musina Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa.”

Design/methodology/approach

Data on the local communities were collected by questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and field observations.

Findings

The study revealed a variety of cultural and heritage resources; however, with current fewer implications of tourism welfare on the livelihoods statuses of the communities. Thus, there was a need for a potentially sound tourism strategy in cultural heritage resources to empower the local communities in the study area.

Originality/value

Musina Municipality has some of the most challenging impoverishment attributes within the province, defined by evident poor livelihoods. However, it remarkably possesses rich natural biodiversity and tourism destination areas. In line with the probe on the role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development, the study uncovers the values of attributing factors associated with the current nature of social heritage resources and their impacts on tourism and community developments. Issues of heritage and cultural resources on tourism and community development have become of main interest within the tourism industry.
Digital displacement of youth offending: addressing the issue
Authors: McCord Alex , Birch Philip , Bizo Lewis A.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Global evidence suggests a potential displacement of youth offending from the physical to the digital landscape, requiring revision of existing detection and intervention methods. This study aims to explore pathways from harmful to illegal online activity perpetrated by young people, legislation and police perspectives, current detection methods and interventions.

Design/methodology/approach

This perspective paper examines issues observed within a larger systematic literature review on digital youth offending.

Findings

A trajectory from acceptable to harmful and subsequently illegal behaviour was identified, with a particular pathway from unethical video game activity to digitally dependent offending. Legislation and police perspectives vary by jurisdiction, with a common theme that increased officer education is key to the level of preparedness to investigate cases. Machine learning and automatic prevention show promise as detection and disruption processes, with education recommended for young people as a deterrent and redirection of skills to positive outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

Recommendations for further research include a broad survey of school students to include all identified areas of digital offending, which could drive the development of targeted education by law enforcement and partner agencies for young people.

Practical implications

The shift in youth offending requires the justice and educational systems to adjust how they respond to youth crime. Policy and practise shifts can include further exploration of investigative hacking, education for law enforcement and educational prevention and redirection programmes aimed at youth.

Originality/value

The digital displacement of youth offending is a progressively emerging concept. This paper examines the current state of response from educational and law enforcement agencies and discusses the next steps based on what is currently known.
The impact of leadership on perceived work-related stress in healthcare facilities organisations
Authors: Greco Emilio , Graziano Elvira Anna , Stella Gian Paolo , Mastrodascio Marco , Cedrone Fabrizio
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Employees in the private, public, and third sectors have experienced an increase in stress over the years. Amongst the sectors, people working in hospitals and other healthcare facilities were put under severe stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, the World Health Organisation has clearly stated that defending people's mental health at this particular time of restless pandemic growth is an absolute necessity. The purpose of this article is to assess the perceived work-related stress (WRS) of healthcare workers (HCWs) as a result of the spread of COVID-19, as well as how a leadership role can help to reduce WRS.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a multiple case study approach applied to two Italian health-care facilities, the questionnaire results were subjected to a regression analysis.

Findings

The results show an association in HCWs between the perception of supportive leadership and the perception of negative psychosocial risks whose exposure can lead to manifestation of WRS during COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

The study addresses the role that the perception of supportive leadership can play in reducing exposure to occupational psychosocial risks in a sample of healthcare professionals.
Board characteristics, ownership concentration and SME IPO underpricing
Authors: Arora Nischay , Singh Balwinder
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the moderating impact of governance structure, that is, board characteristics including board size, board independence, board committees and ownership structure like ownership concentration, on the underpricing of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) initial public offerings (IPOs) in the context of an emerging economy such as India.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample size of 403 SME IPOs listed on Bombay Stock Exchange SME platform and National Stock Exchange EMERGE, this study uses moderated hierarchical regression analysis to investigate these relationships.

Findings

The findings highlighted that board independence, board committees and ownership concentration negatively influence underpricing measured using market-adjusted excess returns. While analysing the moderating relationship, this study finds that ownership concentration positively moderates the relationship between board independence and underpricing, as well as the relationship between board committees and IPO underpricing.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to a single country only. Although perfectly suitable for our research inquiry, it is imperative to check the validity of the findings by extending it to other emerging countries with similar socio-economic characteristics. Furthermore, this study tested the hypotheses concerning three board characteristics only. Hence, it could be extended to explore additional governance characteristics for a more comprehensive understanding.

Practical implications

This study provides a foundation for managers to adopt a fine-grained approach to effectively design the board structure ahead of an IPO event. Additionally, the findings may assist policymakers in formulating various policies and guide regulators in regulating the limit on ownership held by various shareholders to prevent their opportunism. The results of this study may further advise potential investors interested in SME IPO firms to critically consider the ownership concentration as a driving factor when scrutinizing their investment portfolios.

Originality/value

This study is unique as it advances the debate on the importance of a governance characteristic, that is, ownership concentration, as a moderating variable in the underexplored context of IPO underpricing of small- and medium-sized firms in India.
Efficacy of blended interactive educational resources in improving writing skills in a hybrid learning environment
Authors: Ironsi Chinaza Solomon
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper asserts that while educational resources are times effective in teaching students how to write, the format in which they are delivered can influence results. With this in mind, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of using educational resources in a blended format.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a mixed-method research design to elicit information from 70 participants recruited for this study. The researcher divided the participants into experimental and control groups where the researcher taught the control group writing skills in a hybrid learning environment without using educational resources while the experimental group used blended interactive educational resources. The researcher analyzed and interpreted the participants’ post-test scores and transcripts of the interviewees.

Findings

This study finds that blended interactive educational resources contribute significantly toward improving the students' writing skills; however, improvements were not found in all aspects of their writing.

Originality/value

This study unpacks the positive contributions of blended interactive educational resources in writing instruction. This study contributes to educational literature in showing that these resources may be effective in improving some aspects of writing text. This study adds to other corpora of studies that emphasize the importance of using educational resources for learning.
Multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of high-speed maglev train nose
Authors: Yao Shuanbao , Chen Dawei , Ding Sansan
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The nose length is the key design parameter affecting the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev train, and the horizontal profile has a significant impact on the aerodynamic lift of the leading and trailing cars Hence, the study analyzes aerodynamic parameters with multi-objective optimization design.

Design/methodology/approach

The nose of normal temperature and normal conduction high-speed maglev train is divided into streamlined part and equipment cabin according to its geometric characteristics. Then the modified vehicle modeling function (VMF) parameterization method and surface discretization method are adopted for the parametric design of the nose. For the 12 key design parameters extracted, combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), support vector machine (SVR) model and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm, the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of high-speed maglev train nose and the sensitivity analysis of design parameters are carried out with aerodynamic drag coefficient of the whole vehicle and the aerodynamic lift coefficient of the trailing car as the optimization objectives and the aerodynamic lift coefficient of the leading car as the constraint. The engineering improvement and wind tunnel test verification of the optimized shape are done.

Findings

Results show that the parametric design method can use less design parameters to describe the nose shape of high-speed maglev train. The prediction accuracy of the SVR model with the reduced amount of calculation and improved optimization efficiency meets the design requirements.

Originality/value

Compared with the original shape, the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the whole vehicle is reduced by 19.2%, and the aerodynamic lift coefficients of the leading and trailing cars are reduced by 24.8 and 51.3%, respectively, after adopting the optimized shape modified according to engineering design requirements.