bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT Translation of Program Code for Image Sketch Abstraction
Authors: Kumar Yulia , Gordon Zachary , Alabi Oluwatunmise , Li J. Jenny , Leonard Kathryn , Ness Linda , Morreale Patricia
Published: October 2023

The migration from MATLAB to Python (M-to-PY) has gained significant traction in recent computational research. While MATLAB has long served as a linchpin in myriad scientific endeavors, there's an emerging trend to rejuvenate these projects using Python's extensive AI tools and libraries. This study presents a semi-automated process for M-to-PY conversion, using a detailed case study of an image skeletonization project comprising fifteen MATLAB files and a 1404-image dataset. Skeletonization is foundational for ongoing 3D motion detection research using AI transformers, predominantly developed in Python. The utilization of ChatGPT-4, acting as an AI co-programmer, is pivotal in this conversion. By leveraging the public OpenAI API, we developed an M-to-PY converter prototype, evaluated its efficacy using test cases from the Bard bot, and subsequently employed the converted code in an AI application. The dual contributions encompass a well-tested M-to-PY converter and a Skeleton App capable of sketching and skeletonizing any given image, enriching the AI toolset. This study accentuates how AI resources, like ChatGPT-4, can simplify code transitions, opening doors for innovative AI implementations using primarily MATLAB-coded scientific research.
Development of Knowledge Capital in the Field of Nuclear Energy in Poland – Perspective 2035
Authors: Gryz Jarosław Jerzy , Król Krzysztof , Szczygielska Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

The article addresses the issue of reducing the carbon footprint in the formula of the European Union’s New Green Deal using nuclear energy introduced in place of coal. It contains an analysis of the possibilities offered by currently developed concepts of using nuclear energy in the context of existing energy infrastructure in Poland. It indicates the compatibility of coal and nuclear technologies for generating electricity and heat, considering only those with the highest level of technological readiness. The aim of the article is to identify the energy transformation in Poland using nuclear technologies and acquiring, creating and developing knowledge on the subject. It is assumed that the future of coal-nuclear transformation depends on determining where investment processes could take place in Poland, demonstrating the power that can be replaced through transformation, and indicating appropriate coal CPP (Carbon Power Plant) and nuclear NPP (Nuclear Power Plant) technologies with which a roadmap for the development of Polish nuclear energy can be created. The direction of potential actions is shown, whose coordination and implementation requires cooperation between many entities with appropriate knowledge and experience. For the purposes of this article, preliminary research was conducted on the possibilities offered by currently developed concepts in the context of existing energy infrastructure in Poland, its transformation, and the necessary social capital and its sources. The considerations did not take into account power plants and combined heat and power plants that have been liquidated or the use of their remaining infrastructure.
When the Danger Is Not on the Record: Physicians’ Willingness to Work with Patients Not Yet Diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Rotaru Tudor-Ștefan , Cojocaru Daniela , Cojocaru Stefan , Alexinschi Ovidiu , Puia Aida , Oprea Liviu
Published: October 2023

Background: The risk to physicians who worked with patients without confirmed COVID-19 testing during the pandemic has been little studied. However, they were at high risk. Methods: A total of 1285 Romanian physicians completed an online survey. We performed Mann-Whitney comparisons between physicians who reported that they knowingly had direct contact with COVID patients and those who didn't regarding their willingness to work. Results: Compared with their colleagues, physicians who reported not knowingly having direct contact with COVID patients reported less access to protective equipment, less overall willingness to respond when asked to work with infected patients, more likely to work out of fear of losing their jobs, and fear of legal repercussions. They received less training in the use of protective equipment. Conclusions: Physicians who worked with patients not yet diagnosed with COVID-19 were significantly less willing to work. The perception of invisible risk may explain the observed differences.
Design of Photovoltaic System for Green Manufacturing by using Statistical Design of Experiments
Authors: Argha Debo Brata Paul , Ahmed Md Ashik
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo overcome the negative impacts on the environment and other problems associated with fossil fuels have forced many countries to inquire into and change to environmentally friendly alternatives that are renewable to sustain the increasing energy demand. Solar energy is one of the best renewable energy sources with the least negative impacts on the environment. Different countries have formulated solar energy policies to reduce dependence on fossil fuel and increasing domestic energy production by solar energy. According to the 2010 BP Statistical Energy Survey, the world cumulative installed solar energy capacity was 22928.9 MW in 2009, a change of 46.9% compared to 2008. In this study, a PV generation system has been modeled and installed considering uncertain whether based on the hourly wind speed data of New York City (NYC) of year 2014. Regression models has been used to forecast the hourly, weekly, and monthly wind speed of NYC year 2014. Design of experiment (DOE) has been used to determine the optimal panel size (area), the battery capacity size, and other levels of factors.
Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immune Parameters in Weanling Piglets
Authors: Gao Qing , Chen Daiwen , Ding Xuemei , Xu Zhiwen , Wu Aimin , Zhang Keying
Published: October 2023

In order to study the effects of dietary folic acid (FA) supplementation on growth performance and immune status in weanling piglets, a single factorial randomized block design trial with 6 dietary FA levels at 0.35, 0.66, 2.19, 5.18, 7.51 or 10.81 mg/kg was conducted. A total of 108 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) castrated weanling piglets (at 21 d of age) were allocated by body weight into 36 feeding cages (3 piglets/cage), which were allotted randomly into 6 dietary groups (6 cages/group). Piglets were fed ad libitum for 24 days. Blood samples were collected on the 24th day. The growth performance and the immune parameters were measured. Results showed that FA supplementation increased the serum FA level of weaned piglets (p < 0.01), and tended to increase the body weight (BW) at 45 d of age (p < 0.1) and the average daily gain (ADG) from 29 d to 45 d of age (p < 0.1). FA addition improved the feed efficiency (G/F) from 21 d to 45 d of age (p < 0.01), and with significant effects at 21 d to 45 d of age with FA 2.19 or 7.51 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Dietary FA at 0.66 or 2.19 mg/kg increased the serum CD3+CD8+ subset (p < 0.05), decreased the CD3+CD4+ / CD3+CD8+ ratio (p < 0.05); Moreover, FA addition increased the serum IFN-γ level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the adequate dietary FA is necessary to improve the immunity and growth performance of weaned piglets at 21 d of age. The suitable dietary FA level for immune function from 21 d to 45 d of age was 0.66 mg/kg, while were 6.82 mg/kg from 21 d to 28 d of age and 5.42 mg/kg from 29 d to 45 d of age respectively for feed efficiency.
Lightness Peaks during the Menstrual Phase: A Retrospective Challenge to a Visual Arousal Theory of Estrogen
Authors: Foutch Brian
Published: October 2023

1) Background: The influence of estrogen on cognitive and perceptual functions is debated. Some research suggests that estrogen increases arousal, improving cognitive function, while others propose that increased arousal might reduce performance on certain tasks. This study investigates the effects of menstrual cycle phase and estrogen levels on lightness perception in cycling women and hormonal contraceptive (HC) users. (2) Methods: Estrogen levels were determined from saliva samples collected at three sessions aligned with different menstrual phases in 16 women (9 with natural cycles, 7 HC users). The effects of wavelength and menstrual cycle phase on lightness perception were analyzed, followed by post-hoc comparisons and correlations between lightness perception and estrogen levels for both cycling women and HC users. (3) Results: Lightness varied by menstrual phase (MCP) in cycling women and was slightly higher during the low estrogen menstrual phase compared to peri-ovulation or luteal phases. In HC users, lightness measures were equivalent across phases. For cycling women, lightness was negatively correlated with estrogen for the green and green-yellow stimuli. There were no such associations among HC users. (4) Conclusions: This report challenges the concept that high estrogen phases of the menstrual cycle always positively influence perception. Conversely, the present results revealed that—at least in cycling, non-hormonal contraceptive users—lightness perception was both at a maximum during the low estrogen menstrual phase and negatively associated with estrogen levels across all tested wavelengths.
Effect of Electrodeposited Gold Coatings on Micro-Gaps, Surface Profile and Bacterial Leakage of UCLA Abutments Attached to External Hexagon Dental Implants
Authors: Walton Terry R
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The objective of the study was to qualitatively assess micro-gap dimensions, connecting fitting surface profile and bacterial leakage of machined and cast high gold alloy UCLA abutments, with or without electrodeposited gold coatings attached to external hexagon implants. Materials and methods: 16 plastic UCLA (PUCLA) and 5 machined cast-to UCLA (GUCLA) abutments were cast with a high gold content alloy. 10 were electrolytically gold plated (8 - PUCLA, 2 - GUCLA). All abutments were attached to implants giving 21 implant-abutment combinations (IACs). External perimeter micro-gaps measured with SEM under different illumination and magnification conditions were averaged over three regions. The IACs were examined for E.coli leakage following an initial sterility test. Disassembled combinations were examined with SEM and surface profiles qualitatively assessed. Results: External micro-gap measurements did not reflect the variable connecting surface profiles but average values < 3.5 μm were observed for all IACs. Bacterial transfer was observed in 3 of 5 PUCLA plated and 2 of 5 PUCLA non-plated IACs. No transfer occurred in the 3 GUCLA non-plated or 2 GUCLA plated IACs. Abutment connecting surfaces, both Au plated and not Au plated, showed plastic deformation (smearing) in variable mosaic patterns across the micro-gap. External micro-gap dimensions although not truly reflective of surface connecting profiles averaged < 3.5 μm measured under shadow eliminating silhouette illumination for both cast and pre-machined external hexagon abutments with and without Au plating. Conclusions: Micro-gap dimensions < 5 μm were obtained with both high noble metal cast and pre-machined external hexagon abutments with and without Au electrodeposited on the abutment connecting surface. Regions of intimate contact due to plastic deformation (smearing) of these surfaces was observed. A continuous smeared region around the circumference of the surfaces can provide an effective barrier to egress of E.coli bacteria from the internal regions of the implant under static loading.
Effects of Clothianidin Pesticide Application on the Honey Bees Colony Strength and Stress-Related Genes in the Vicinity of Rice Fields
Authors: Son Minwoong , Kim Ji Soo , Kim Dongwon , Lee Chang-Hoon , Akongte Peter Njukang , Oh Daegeun , Choi Yong-Soo , Park Bo-Sun
Published: October 2023

Honey bees are vital organisms that provide ecological and economic value to humans. However, in recent years, the increase in honey bee losses due to various environmental factors, including pesticides, has become a growing concern. In Europe, neonicotinoid pesticides that are banned are being used without restrictions in the domestic setting, leading to ongoing damages as a result. Ongoing research is continually being conducted to demonstrate the risks associated with neonicotinoid pesticides. However, validation of the actual damages and impact in the field remains absent. Therefore, in this study, we observed changes in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies located near rice cultivation areas as they progressed beyond the rice pesticide application period. Furthermore, we collected honey bees exposed to the clothianidin and analyzed their stress-related gene expression. The results showed that the foraging behavior of honey bee colonies located near rice cultivation areas did not exhibit significant differences between the treatment site (Cheongyang and Gimje) and the control site (Wanju) during the experimental period. However, it was observed that the expression levels of stress-related genes in honey bees collected from the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control. Most of the stress-related genes were associated with detoxification processes in response to pesticides. As a result, pesticide treatment in proximity to rice cultivation areas did not cause direct damage to honey bees but had an indirect impact, suggesting the potential for ongoing chronic damage.
Epigenetic Signatures of In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Models Employed in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and the Unique miR-148b-3p/PVT1/ZBTB7A Regulatory Network Discriminating Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Spella Magda , Bochalis Eleftherios , Athanasopoulou Katerina , Chroni Argyri , Dereki Irene , Ntaliarda Giannoula , Makariti Ifigeneia , Psarias Georgios , Constantinou Caterina , Chondrou Vasiliki , Sgourou Argyro
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Epigenetic approaches in direct correlation with assessment of critical genetic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are currently very intensive, as the epigenetic components in NSCLC development and progression have attained high recognition. In this level of research, established human NSCLC cell lines as well as experimental animals are widely used to detect novel biomarkers and pharmacological targets to treat NSCLC. The epigenetic background of NSCLC is highly complex and requires precise definition as these phenomena are variable between NSCLC subtypes and systems origin. We engaged an in-depth characterization of non-coding (nc)RNAs prevalent in human KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines A549 and H460 and mouse KRAS-mutant NSCLC tissue by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and quantitative Real Time PCRs (qPCRs). Also, the effect of transcription factor (TF) LRF, a known epigenetic silencer, was examined on the epigenome modulation. Finally, interacting networks underlying epigenetic variations in NSCLC subtypes were created. Data derived from our study highlights the divergent epigenetic profiles of NSCLC of human and mouse origin, as well as the significant contribution of 12qf1: 109,709,060-109,747,960 mouse chromosomal region to micro-RNA upregulated species. Fur-thermore, the novel epigenetic miR-148b-3p/PVT1/ZBTB7A axis was identified, which differentiates lung adenocarcinoma from large cell lung carcinoma, two characteristic NSCLC subtypes. The detailed recording of epigenetic events in NSCLC and combinational studies including networking between ncRNAs and TFs validate the identification of significant epigenetic features, prevailing in NSCLC subtypes and among experimental models. Our results enrich knowledge in the field and empower research on the epigenetic prognostic biomarkers of the disease and patient-tailored treatments.
Designing and Manufacturing of Biocompatible Hydroxyap-atite and Sodium Trisilicate Scaffolds by Ordinary Commercial Microwave Oven
Authors: Luciano Giorgio , Vignolo Maurizio , Galante Denise , D'Arrigo Cristina , Furlani Franco , Montesi Monica , Panseri Silvia
Published: October 2023

In this work we present a versatile, rapid, and low-cost manufacturing technique to develop bioceramic scaffolds that could enhance bone tissue regeneration via microwave preparation using a commercial microwave oven. The scaffolds were prepared combining hydroxyapatite and water glass (sodium trisilicate solution), foamed by using a microwaves oven and then characterized by means of SEM-EDS, mechanical properties, infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), density and stability test in water. Furthermore, in vitro tests were performed to verify the affinity of osteoclast cells versus the so prepared scaffold. The morphology of the samples showed interconnected pores suitable for promoting tissue regeneration and vascularization while specific mechanical properties were preserved. The physicochemical characterization and the in vitro tests presented promising results for bone regenerative applications.
Review of Current Treatment Intensification Strategies for Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Wasim Sobia , Park Jieun , Nam Seungyoon , Kim Jaehong
Published: October 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) used to be one of the most common nondermatologic cancers in men that can be treated only with surgery. However, a revolutionary breakthrough came in the 1980s with the introduction of long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists for the cu-rative treatment of PCa. This paradigm shift contributed to the combined use of androgen depri-vation therapy (ADT), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for the treatment. The latest data high-light the use of treatment intensification (TI), i.e., combined use of radiotherapy (RT) and hormo-nal or drug treatments, for localized or locally advanced PCa. Indeed, the results of combined modality treatments have shown a reduction in disease-specific mortality and improved overall survival. Although TI seems promising, more research studies are warranted to confirm its effi-cacy. This review summarizes the latest available outcome results of pivotal trials and clinical studies on the efficacy of TI.
Analysis of the Variation in Bearing Estimation Error with Frequency Band for a Source beneath Arctic Ice by a Geophone
Authors: Chen Sheng , Wen Hongtao , Yang Yanming , Zhou Hongtao , Ruan Hailin
Published: October 2023

To obtain a better estimation frequency band for source bearing estimation, source bearing estimation experiments using an ice-mounted geophone were performed at three sites on the Arctic ice cap. By transforming to the frequency domain, errors of the bearing estimation in a number of frequency bands within 1000 Hz and the horizontal peak displacements received by the geophone in the corresponding frequency bands were obtained. After comparing the variation of errors to the peak displacements in the same frequency band, it is found that the errors are related to the peak displacements, and higher peak displacement values mean smaller errors. When the incident angle of the acoustic source and the ice thickness meet certain conditions, some modes of the Lamb waves of the ice plate are excited, the peak displacements at the same frequency band are increased, the errors of bearing estimation are reduced, and the effective frequency band for bearing estimation is broadened. These results provide some new ideas for the bearing estimation of acoustic sources beneath Arctic ice.
Eumelanin Detection in Melanized Focal Changes and not in Red Focal Changes on Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fillet
Authors: Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Dijkstra Johannes M. , Mørkøre Turid , Ito Shosuke
Published: October 2023

Superficial discolored spots on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fillets are a serious quality problem for commercial seafood farming. Previous reports proposed that the black spots (called melanized focal changes (MFC)) may be melanin, but no convincing evidence has been reported. In this study, we performed chemical characterization of MFC, and also of red pigment (called red focal changes (RFC)), of salmon fillets using alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation and hydroiodic acid hydrolysis. This revealed that the MFC contain 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-derived eumelanin whereas the RFC only contain trace amounts of eumelanin. Therefore, probably, the black color of MFC can be explained by the presence of eumelanin from accumulated melanomacrophages. For the red pigment, we could not find a significant signature of either eumelanin or pheomelanin, and the red color is probably predominantly hemorrhagic in nature. However, we found that in RFC the level of pigmentation did increase together with some melanogenic metabolites. Comparison with a “mimicking experiment,” in which a mixture of a salmon homogenate + DOPA was oxidized with tyrosinase, suggested that the RFC include conjugations of DOPAquinone and/or DOPAchrome with salmon muscle tissue proteins. In short, the results suggest that melanogenic metabolites in MFC and RFC derive from different chemical pathways, which would agree with the two different colorations deriving from distinct cellular origins, namely melanomacrophages and red blood cells, respectively.
Comprehensive Research of Construction and Stability of Horizontal-Well Cavity Natural Gas Storage in Thinly-Bedded Salt Rocks in China
Authors: Lu Dan , Chen Jie , Wu Fei , Jiang Deyi , Liu Wei , Ding Bowen , Luo Xinyu , Kang Yanfei , He Yi
Published: October 2023

Based on the similarity theory, a large-size salt rock horizontal well cavity-leaching test platform was built, and horizontal-well cavity leaching tests with nitrogen cushion were carried out, and based on the cavity-leaching parameters, the extension characteristics of cavity morphology and the influence law of the cavity-leaching parameters were analysed; and through the establishment of numerical models reflecting the actual horizontal-well cavities morphology and characteristics, a long-term stability analysis of the horizontal well cavities was carried out, and in combination with the cavity morphology and characteristics, the distribution characteristics of the horizontal well cavity displacements and the plastic zones in the long-term operation were analysed.
Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist GW4064 Protects Lipo-2 Polysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier 3 Function and Colorectal Tumorigenesis Signaling 4 Through the αKloth/βKlotho/Fgfs Pathways
Authors: Liu Hsuan-Miao , Chang Zi-Yu , Yang Ching-Wei , Chang Hen-Hong , Lee Tzung-Yan
Published: October 2023

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/βKlotho/fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) pathway is crucial for maintaining the intestinal barrier and preventing colorectal cancer (CRC). We used an FXR ago-nist, GW4064, and FXR knockout (KO) mice to investigate the role of FXR/Klothos/FGFs pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and colon carcinogenesis. The results showed that upregulation of FXR in enterocytes effectively ameliorated intestinal tight junction markers (claudin1, Zonula occludens-1), inflammation, and bile acid levels, thereby protecting mice from intestinal barrier dysfunction and colon carcinogenesis. GW4064 treatment increased FXR, αKlotho, βKlotho, FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 in wild-type mice exposed to LPS, while FXR KO mice had decreased levels. FXR KO mice exhibited elevated colon cancer markers (β-catenin, LGR5, CD44, CD34, Cyclin D1) under LPS, underscoring the pivotal role of FXR in inhibiting the development of colon tumorigenesis. The varying gut microbiota responses in FXR KO mice versus wild-type mice post-LPS exposure emphasize the pivotal role of FXR in pre-serving intestinal microbial health, involving Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Helicobacter hepaticus. Our study validates the effectiveness of GW4064 in alleviating LPS-induced disruptions to the intestinal barrier and colon carcinogenesis, emphasizing the importance of the FXR/αKlotho/βKlotho/FGFs pathway and the interplay between bile acids and gut microbiota.
Gestures as Scaffolding to Learn Vocabulary in a Foreign Language
Authors: García-Gámez Ana Belén , Macizo Pedro
Published: October 2023

This review paper investigates the influence of gestures on foreign language (FL) vocabulary learning through a series of experiments conducted in our laboratory. The manipulation of the gesture-word relationship was a consistent factor across the studies. Firstly, we examined the impact of gestures on noun and verb learning. The results revealed that participants exhibited better learning outcomes when FL words were accompanied by congruent gestures compared to a no gesture condition. This suggests that gestures have a positive effect on FL learning when there is a meaningful connection between the words and the accompanying gestures. However, in general, the recall of words in conditions where gestures were incongruent or lacked meaning was lower than in the no gesture condition. This indicates that under certain circumstances, gestures may have a detrimental impact on FL learning. We analyzed these findings in terms of their implications for facilitating or interfering with FL acquisition. Secondly, we addressed the question of whether individuals need to physically perform the gestures themselves to observe the effects of gestures on vocabulary learning. To explore this, participants were divided into two experimental groups. In one group, participants learned the words by actively performing the gestures ("do" learning group), while the other group simply observed the gestures performed by others ("see" learning group). The processing of congruent gestures facilitated the recall of FL words in both the "see" and "do" learning groups. However, the interference effect associated with processing incongruent gestures was more pronounced in the "see" learning group than in the "do" learning group. Thus, the performance of gestures appears to mitigate the negative impact that gestures may have on the acquisition of FL vocabulary. In conclusion, our findings suggest that iconic gestures can serve as an effective tool for learning vocabulary in a FL, particularly when the gestures align with the meaning of the words. Furthermore, the active performance of gestures helps counteract the negative effects associated with inconsistencies between gestures and word meanings. Consequently, if a choice must be made, a FL learning strategy in which learners acquire words while making gestures congruent with their meaning would be highly desirable.
Neutral and Ionic Form of (Benzylthio)acetic Acid in Novel Aminopyrimidine Based Multi-Component Crystalline Phases
Authors: Sienkiewicz-Gromiuk Justyna , Drzewiecka-Antonik Aleksandra
Published: October 2023

The (benzylthio)acetic acid (HBTA) and some aminopyrimidines, namely 2-aminopyrimidine (2-AP), 5-aminopyrimidine (5-AP), 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (2-A-4,6-DMP) and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (2,4,6-TAP), were successfully embodied as structural units into the construction of a total of four novel supramolecular organic frameworks. The received crystalline solids were inspected by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC XRD) in order to obtain insight into the structural and supramolecular facets. The SOFs deriving from 2-AP, 5-AP as well as 2-A-4,6-DMP crystallize in the form of true co-crystals (1-3), while the one originating from 2,4,6-TAP crystallizes as salt solvate (4). The SC XRD results indicated the different contents of structural residues present in the asymmetric units of the crystals 1-4 despite the using the same molar ratio of molecular co-formers in each case. The molecular structures of co-crystals 1-3 consist of either one neutral residue of each starting components (1 and 3) or a half nonionized residue of aminopyrimidine ingredient and one neutral residue of acidic specie (2). The asymmetric unit of salt solvate 4 is composed of two ionized residues of each co-former (two 2,4,6-TAP+ cations and two BTA- anions) and one MeOH solvent molecule. The most extensive H-bonding network is observed in the crystal structure of salt solvate 4. The relevant molecular ingredients in co-crystals 1-3 are mainly hold together by the neutral Ocarboxylic–H···Npyrimidine and Namine–H···Ocarboxylic H-bonds. In the case of aggregate 4, the corresponding ionic residues are predominantly sustained by the charged-assisted Npyrimidinium–H···Ocarboxylate and Namine–H···Ocarboxylate hydrogen interactions. The MeOH solvent incorporated into the crystal lattice of adduct 4 is also involved in H-bonding by simultaneously serving as the single donor in OMeOH–H···S and the single acceptor in Namine–H···OMeOH H-bonds afforded the structural diversity within the 2,4,6-TAP+ cations and BTA- anions. Other weaker sets of additional non-covalent contacts existing in the crystal structures of analyzed conglomerates are involved in the self-assembly, stabilization and expansion of total supramolecular organic frameworks. The fact of the formation of non-covalent bonded supramolecular organic frameworks in question is also reflected in corresponding results obtained through elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT−IR) and thermal analysis (TG/DSC).
A Non-linear Trend Function for Kriging with External Drift Using Least Squares Support Vector Regression
Authors: Baisad Kanokrat , Chutsagulprom Nawinda , Moonchai Sompop
Published: October 2023

Spatial interpolation of meteorological data can have immense implications on risk management and climate change planning. Kriging with external drift (KED) is a spatial interpolation variant that uses auxiliary information in the estimation of target variable at unobserved locations. However, the traditional KED methods with linear trend functions may not be able to capture the complex and non-linear interdependence between target and auxiliary variables, which can lead to an inaccurate estimation. In this work, a novel KED method using least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) is proposed. This machine learning algorithm is employed to construct trend functions regardless of the type of variable interrelations being considered. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method (KED with LSSVR) relative to the traditional method (KED with a linear trend function), a systematic simulation study for estimating the monthly means temperature and pressure in Thailand in 2017 was conducted. The KED with LSSVR is shown to have superior performance over the KED with the linear trend function.
The BioPoly Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant Provides Beneficial Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Nathwani Dinesh , McNicholas Michael , Hart Alister , Miles Jonathan , Bobić Vladimir
Published: October 2023

We previously conducted a single-arm, prospective study in which 31 patients (mean age [and standard deviation], 42.5 ± 11.3 years) with cartilage lesions were treated with use of the BioPoly Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant. Treatment outcomes were compared with those reported for the standard of care, microfracture. We found that the mean KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) Quality of Life score at 5 years in the BioPoly cohort was noninferior to (p = 0.004), and indeed greater than (p = 0.021), that in the microfracture cohort. The BioPoly cohort demonstrated improvement in the mean scores for all KOOS domains at every postoperative time point (p < 0.025). The mean score for the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain significantly improved (p < 0.025) at all time points up to 4 years and trended toward significant improvement at 5 years (p = 0.027). This study indicated that the BioPoly implant was safe, provided significant improvement starting at 6 months and continuing to 5 years, and provided greater improvement than microfracture for some outcome measures.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Programa Criança Feliz: an Evaluation of the Impact on Maternal and Child Mortality and Nutrition
Authors: Lazaretti Lauana Rossetto , Becker Kalinca Léia
Published: October 2023

Background
Intervention programs for pregnant women and children in early childhood are known for their effectiveness and contribution to child health and development. To promote these indicators, the Programa Criança Feliz (PCF) started to monitor families in 2017 in Brazil. The present study aims to measure the impact of the PCF on the mortality and nutrition indicators of children and pregnant women in Brazilian municipalities benefited.
Methods
The identification strategy is based on two characteristics of the program: 1) the gradual adhesion of the municipalities, and 2) the specific characteristics that the municipality needs to have to be able to adhere. This leads to the use of the instrumented differences-in-differences (what is here referred to as a DDIV) method.
Results
The results indicate that the municipalities that are part of the PCF have lower rates of maternal deaths and, children from zero to six months have a higher adequate weight and a lower proportion of thinness. The results remain robust to variations in control groups, are monotonic concerning the time of exposure to treatment, and are higher in the north and northeast regions of the country.
Conclusions
This has important implications, because when the children are born with an adequate weight, the probability is that it will develop fewer diseases and that it will be a healthier child. Considering that health costs with newborns are high, healthier children generate less expenses for the public system. This makes preventive actions, such as the PCF case, highly cost-effective.
Temporal Forecasting by Converting Stochastic Behaviour into a Stable Pattern in Electric Grid.
Authors: Qashou Akram , Yousef sufian
Published: October 2023

The malfunction variables of power stations are related to the areas of weather, physical structure, control, and load behavior. To predict temporal power failure is difficult due to their unpredictable characteristics. As high accuracy is normally required, the estimation of failures of short-term temporal prediction is highly difficult. This study presents a method for converting stochastic behavior into a stable pattern, which can subsequently be used in a short-term estimator. For this conversion, K-means clustering is employed, followed by Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithms are used to perform the Short-term estimation. The environment, the operation, and the generated signal factors are all simulated using mathematical models. Weather parameters and load samples have been collected as part of a dataset. Monte-Carlo simulation using MATLAB programming has been used to conduct experimental estimation of failures. The estimated failures of the experiment are then compared with the actual system temporal failures and found to be in good match. Therefore, to address the gap in knowledge for any future power grid estimated failures, the achieved results in this paper form good basis for a testbed to estimate any grid future failures.
Comprehensive analysis of characteristic genes of inflammation-related bronchopulmonary dysplasia based on bioinformatics methods
Authors: An Ning , Li Mingxia
Published: October 2023

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of premature infants, and inflammation plays an important role in it. In this research, the key genes of inflammation-related BPD were comprehensively analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and a prediction model was constructed.
Methods: We obtained the GSE188944 and GSE108794 datasets from the GEO database and conducted GO and KEGG enrichment analyses to identify differential genes associated with inflammation-related BPD. Through the implementation of LASSO regression, RF, and XGBOOST algorithms, identify the key genes. The accuracy of these key genes in predicting BPD was assessed using ROC curve analysis and AUC calculations. In addition, the GSE190215 data set is used for external verification. Furthermore, we performed GSEA to quantify the key genes and analyze pathways, examine immune cell infiltration in BPD tissues, and explore the correlation amongst the key genes. Additionally, we used relevant databases to predict the miRNA and transcription factors associated with the key genes.
Results: This study successfully identified seven key genes (HLA-DRB1, SLC39A8, IL2RA, SYK, CD180, IL6ST, IL18R1) as novel markers for constructing a diagnostic prediction model for BPD. GSEA analysis revealed enrichment pathways related to the key genes, and significant differences in the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and mast cells were observed between BPD and non-BPD samples.
Conclusion: We successfully developed a risk model for inflammation-related BPD key genes, displaying favorable verification performance, but poor external verification performance. These findings suggest that inflammatory genes may influence the occurrence and progression of BPD through immune cell infiltration.
Factors associated with readmission risk in patients with HIV stratified by BMI: a hospital-based retrospective study
Authors: Shi Yi-rong , Deng Qiu-xia , Cao Jing , Wang Jing-hua , Ning Xian-jia , Wen Min , Chen Wei-mei , Chao Yan-ling
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess risk factors for repeated hospitalization in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stratified by BMI and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and nursing.
Methods: Patients admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2020 were included in the study group, and patients with repeat hospitalizations (≥ 2) during 2 years of follow-up were included in the observation group; a 1:1 case-control group was selected according to the general data such as age and sex and stratified by baseline body mass index（BMI）(< 18.5 kg/m2, ≥ 18.5 &＜25kg/m2). Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for repeat hospitalization in patients with AIDS with different baseline BMIs.
Results: This study included 311 individuals with HIV, of whom 80 had a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (low body weight)and 231 had a BMI ≥ 18.5&＜28 kg/m2(normal body weight). The readmission rate of those with low body weight was higher than those normal body weight (p = 0.025). In patients with HIV with a baseline BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, unemployment (versus employment) and lowest CD4+ T cell count were independent risk factors for readmission. The receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve constructed using these two variables performed better than other variables in predicting readmission in the lower BMI group. In contrast, in patients with HIV with a BMI ≥ 18.5&＜28 kg/m2, unemployment (versus employment) and time since diagnosis > 5 years (versus 0–1 years) were risk factors, whereas marital status of widowed or divorced was a protective factor (versus married). Furthermore, the ROC curve including these three variables performed better than other variables in predicting readmission in the higher BMI group.
Conclusions: Risk factors for repeat hospitalization varied among patients with AIDS patients with different baseline BMIs. For individuals with HIV, the present model can be effectively and efficiently used to predict the occurrence of readmission based on BMI.
Characterisation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mangrove Sediments of Ifiekporo Creek, Warri South Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria.
Authors: Berezi Okpoebi Kenneth , Aghomi Sisanmi Samuel , Eriegha Ochuko Joshua
Published: October 2023

The occurrence and level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mangrove sediment of the Ifiekporo community in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State were assessed in this study. A total of 10 sediment samples were collected from 10 sites along the Ifiekporo Creek. The extraction of PAHs from the sediment samples was achieved using the PAHs Analytical Test Method (USEPA 8270). This method measures individual concentrations of extractable PAHs in samples. The aliphatic and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons were quantified within C11-C22. The basic GC parameters for the analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed using the Gas Chromatograph-Mass Selective Detector (GC-MSD). The individual PAH concentration in mangrove sediment samples varies from Not Detected (ND) to 3.47 µg/kg. The PAHs concentration of 3.47 µg/kg was highest in sampling point 5 across the sampling points. The PAH source apportionment employing isomeric ratios and multivariate statistics indicated both pyrogenic and petrogenic source inputs in sediment samples. The PAHs homologous distribution sequence for sediment is 3-ring > 2-ring > 1-ring > 6-ring. The sediment samples are mostly dominated by LMW PAHs. The result of the ecological risk assessment in the study area indicates that there is low ecological risk associated with PAH exposures in sediment. These results provide data on the concentrations and compositional patterns of PAHs, which is useful in understanding the effects, sources, fate, and transport of PAHs in sediment in the study area, as well as providing relevant information for environmental quality management and forensic studies.
Understanding Research Gaps for Fungal Meningitis in the United States; Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Sage , Owusu Mark Asare , Walekhwa Abel Wilson
Published: October 2023

Background
This paper conducts a literature review and analysis on fungal meningitis (FM) which is a fungal infection that causes inflammation to the spinal cord and brain membranes. We identified a discrepancy in that most meningitis cases are due to bacterial causes and consequently more attention including control programmes is focused here. For example, meningitis vaccines are mainly focused on the bacterial cause while viral and FM seem to be neglected meanwhile there are still cases of FM. In this study, we sought to understand the existing evidence and areas for future research regarding the clinical epidemiology of FM in the US.
Methods
A protocol for human review was developed to inform this scoping review. A search of published studies on Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed was carried out using key search terms on 20th − 22nd May 2022 and 13th − 14th June 2023. We followed with manual searching of the grey literature to identify additional articles not captured through these sources. All articles that were accessed on these databases were appraised against a defined inclusion criterion. All ages, occupations and sexes of humans living in the USA. Furthermore, we also included all forms of FM detections through different diagnostic methods from registered and licensed suppliers for the diagnostics tools.
Results
Fungal meningitis is a fungal disease that causes the spinal and brain cord membrane inflammation. In the United States, Histoplasma meningitis is more common in the Midwest, such as the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. In general, however, fungal meningitis was found to be most commonly prevalent in southern states, as fungi grow most in these areas. With this disease, the diagnostic process of fungal meningitis and the specific causative agent remains important and key to recovery. Some gaps of knowledge that were found were the lack of reliable diagnostic methods of FM, insufficient knowledge of the specific mechanisms of fungal pathogens when infecting the host and entering the brain, and uncertainty in the timing and length of antiretroviral therapy. Some future areas of research that we suggest are conducting more research on BDG testing in diagnosis, and generally focusing on advancing diagnostic methods of FM. We also suggest further studies in the understanding of pathogen interactions with the host, so that a greater understanding of the specific mechanisms during infection of FM can be reached.
Trial registration
Not applicable
CLEC19A overexpression inhibits tumor cell proliferation/migration and promotes apoptosis concomitant suppression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Mohajerani Fatemeh , Tehrankhah Zahra Moazezi , Rahmani Saeid , Afsordeh Nastaran , Shafiee Sajad , Pourgholami Mohammad Hossein , Soltani Bahram M , Sadeghizadeh Majid
Published: October 2023

Background: GBM is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in humans. The CLEC19A is a member of the C-type lectin family, which has a high expression in brain tissue. Herein, we sought to carry out an in-depth analysis to pinpoint the role of CLEC19Aexpression in GBM.
Methods: To determine the localization of CLEC19A, this protein was detected using Western blot, Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy imaging. CLEC19A expression in glioma cells and tissues was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were examined through MTT assay, CFSE assay, colony formation, wound healing assay, transwell test, and flow cytometry respectively after CLEC19A overexpression. The effect of CLEC19A overexpression on the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway was investigated using Western blot. An in vivo experiment substantiated the in vitroresults using the glioblastoma rat models.
Results: Our in-silicoanalysis using TCGA data and measuring CLEC19A expression level by qRT-PCR determined significantly lower expression of CLEC19A in human glioma tissues compared to healthy brain tissues. By employment of ICC/IF, confocal microscopy imaging, and Western blot we could show that CLEC19A is plausibly a secreted protein. Results obtained from several in vitroreadouts showed that CLEC19A overexpression in U87 and C6 glioma cell lines is associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation, viability, and migration. Further, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed CLEC19A overexpression could reduce the expression levels of PI3K, VEGFα, MMP2, and NF-κB and increase PTEN, TIMP3, RECK, and PDCD4 expression levels in glioma cell lines. Furthermore, flow cytometry results revealed that CLEC19A overexpression was associated with significant cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis in glioma cell lines. Interestingly, using a glioma rat model we could substantiate that CLEC19Aoverexpression suppresses glioma tumor growth.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report providing in-silico, molecular, cellular, and in vivo evidences on the role of CLEC19A as a putative tumor suppressor gene in GBM. These results enhance our understanding of the role of CLEC19Ain glioma and warrant further exploration of CLEC19A as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
Multi-UAV Assisted Internet of Remote Things Communication within Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Integrated Network
Authors: Yao Yuanyuan , Dong Dengyang , Cai Changjun , Huang Sai , Yuan Xin , Gong Xiaocong
Published: October 2023

Due to the limited transmission capabilities of terrestrial intelligent devices within the Internet of Remote Things (IoRT), this paper proposes an optimization scheme aimed at enhancing data transmission rate while ensuring communication reliability. This scheme focuses on multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted IoRT data communication within the Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Integrated Network (SATIN), which is one of the key technologies for the sixth generation (6G) networks. To optimize the system's data transmission rate, we introduce a multi-dimensional Coverage and Power Optimization (CPO) algorithm, rooted in the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. This algorithm concurrently optimizes various parameters, including the number and deployment of UAVs, the correlation between IoRT devices and UAVs, and the transmission power of both devices and UAVs. To ensure comprehensive coverage of a large-scale randomly distributed array of terrestrial devices, combined with machine learning algorithm, we present the Dynamic Deployment based on K-means (DDK) algorithm. Additionally, we address the non-convexity challenge in resource allocation for transmission power through variable substitution and the successive convex approximation technique (SCA). Simulation results substantiate the remarkable efficacy of our CPO algorithm, showcasing a maximum 240% improvement in the uplink transmission rate of IoRT data compared to conventional methods.