bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comment on the paper “The Accountant: a Character in Literature” and an agenda for research on the accountant stereotype
Authors: Wells Paul K.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to explain the contextual basis for examining the accountant stereotype, describe the multiple influences on its development and propose directions for further research.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes the form of a review. It discusses a research paper published in the current issue of Meditari Accountancy Research which undertakes a content analysis using the General Inquirer to identify the image of accountants as represented in novels.

Findings

Several issues need to be considered when examining these results. The first of these is that the portrayal of accountants in the media has become more positive in recent times. Second, the media is just one influence on the development of stereotypes; third, the media may have limited influence on stereotype formation.

Research limitations/implications

The findings have implications for further research on the development and maintenance of the accountant stereotype.

Originality/value

This review contributes to the debate on possible interventions to create a more positive image of accountants.
Separation of flavonoids in the leaves of Sophora japonica by macroporous adsorption resin mixed-bed technology
Authors: Zhao Yingyu , Chen Zhenbin , Liu Donglei , Long Jiapeng , Di Duolong
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to separate and purify flavonoids existing in the leaves of Sophora japonica by a novel method, macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology, and the optimal MAR mixed bed was screened based on the adsorption experimental result with the order of single, two, three and four MAR mixed bed separately.

Design/methodology/approach

The adsorption performance of MAR and MAR mixed bed for flavonoids was studied using ultraviolet – visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry.

Findings

This research showed that the MAR mixed bed of LZ-54 + LZ-67 with a mass ratio of mLZ-54:mLZ-67 = 1:1 was the optimized combination with the optimal conditions of adsorption (volume V = 140 mL, pH = 5, T = 35°C) and desorption (liquid ratio R = 50 per cent, T = 30°C, pH = 6) obtained, relatively.

Practical implications

This study aims to find an efficient way of separating flavonoids and other components that are useful for human health from Sophora japonica, which is complying with the policy of sustainable development.

Originality/value

This contribution provided a novel way to separate flavonoids from Sophora japonica. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate (F) of MAR mixed bed LZ-54 + LZ-67 to the flavonoids was 63.65 per cent, the desorption rate (D) was 87.31 per cent and the purity was dramatically achieved at 58.17 per cent from 17.67 per cent after a round of adsorption/desorption operation.
Cross-border knowledge transfer in Malaysian multimedia super corridor (MSC) status corporations
Authors: Chong Chin Wei , Yuen Yee Yen , Tan Booi Chen
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the antecedents of successful organizational cross-border knowledge transfer and also the relationship among the antecedents for sustainable competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a focus group study was conducted to identify major constructs and map out the proposed framework. This is then followed by questionnaire survey from 210 Malaysian multimedia super corridor (MSC) status corporations as recipients. Their international business affiliates refer to any organizations located outside Malaysia with which the recipient firm has a relationship. Data were analysed using SPSS.

Findings

The findings suggest that the perceived value of the knowledge, relational dimension and cognitive dimension, as well as recipient learning intent and the attractiveness of a foreign source are significant related to the effectiveness of organizational cross-border knowledge transfer.

Research limitations/implications

Because this research only covered 210 MSC status corporations, future research can try to have more coverage on other industry to have larger sample size for generalizability purposes. Other factors such as organizational and context characteristics can be added as antecedents to strengthen the framework for effective knowledge transfer.

Practical implications

The empirical findings can be used as a guideline for MSC status firms to undergo a self-check and help them rethink and reposition themselves in light of the findings. It helps MSC status corporations to frame their organizational cross-border knowledge transfer activities to enable the creation and application of knowledge which should allow them to drive the capability of creating and retaining a greater value onto their core business competencies.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insights to help creating a successful foundation for organizational cross-border knowledge transfer. This study is also among few studies to examine the critical antecedents in successful organizational cross-border knowledge transfer from a multidimensional perspective in Malaysia.
Spiritual quotient towards organizational sustainability: the Islamic perspective
Authors: Akhtar Sohail , Arshad Mohd Anuar , Mahmood Arshad , Ahmed Adeel
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of spiritual quotient (SQ) on the organisational sustainability from the Islamic perspective. Till date, many organisations around the world are facing environmental, social and economic issues affecting their organisational sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

The present paper is conceptual paper based on literature review on employee’s behavioural issues and role of SQ for organisational sustainability.

Findings

This present paper argues that SQ must be considered as the important factor for employee development in the organisation. It develops spiritual awareness among employees which enhances their productivity within the organisation. Furthermore, SQ is necessary means of identifying and harnessing deeper inner resources with the capacity to care for the well-being of the organisation and advance its development.

Research limitations/implications

The paper suggests SQ and its multi-dimensions with the implication for future research in organisational sustainability.

Originality/value

The paper discusses the development of the concept of SQ from the Islamic perspective.
Enviropreneurial orientation in SME supply chains: construct measurement development
Authors: Namagembe Sheila , Ryan Suzanne , Sridham Ramaswami
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model that is inclusive and practical because of the deficiencies in models for construct measurement. Further, the authors demonstrate the value of the proposed model by describing its application to the development and validation of a multi-dimensional construct, enviropreneurial orientation. Although used in the literature, enviropreneurial orientation had not been developed nor tested as a construct. The paper provides detailed explanation of development and validation processes exemplified by experiences of research into the factors that motivate individual enviropreneurial orientation among owner/managers in supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors review models of construct development and propose an eight step model to overcome the deficiencies in the existing models. The eight steps are: defining the construct; identifying its dimensions; generating measurement items for each dimension; pretesting the measurement items; collecting data; constructing scales; analysing reliability; and evaluating the relationships. Each step is explained through examples based on the authors’ experience in using the model to develop the new construct – enviropreneurial orientation.

Findings

All correlation results were positive and significant as were the multiple regression results with one exception, competitive aggressiveness.

Originality/value

The authors provide a practical model to guide new construct measurement development which can be used by researchers and research students for multi-dimensional constructs, especially they are constrained by time and financial resources. By using an example to demonstrate the applicability of the model, the authors go beyond the usual description of construct development models to make the proposed model more comprehensible and thus useful.
Internationalisation of SMEs: does entrepreneurial orientation matter?
Authors: Ngoma Mohammed , Ernest Abaho , Nangoli Sudi , Christopher Kusemererwa
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a predictor of internationalisation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The key research question is “to what extent do the dimensions of EO (innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking) predict internationalisation of SMEs?”

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a cross-sectional survey to collect data from 282 SMEs, with the use of a multi-dimensional self-administered questionnaire. All the measures in this study were adopted from existing instruments from previous studies and all showed a CVI above 0.8. Data were analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, correlations and hierarchical regression. The nature and strength of the relationships between the variables was tested using the zero-order bivariate correlation analysis.

Findings

The study establishes a significant relationship between the dimensions of EO and internationalisation of SMEs.

Research limitations/implications

This paper contributes to the corpus of literature on internationalisation of SMEs. Future research should consider the major constructs from a longitudinal point of view given that cross-sectional studies sometimes fail to examine the interaction effect of the variables.

Practical implications

The paper illustrates how EO dimensions can influence an entrepreneur’s decision to go international especially handling the process of internationalisation and its dynamics.

Originality/value

The paper provides contextual evidence from a developing country to the effect that as local investors get more inclined to EO, they in the process ease their way to joining the international business arena.
Becoming Men: Masculinities and the Juvenile Convict Institutions of Carters’ Barracks and Point Puer in Nineteenth‐Century Australia
Authors: Nunn Cameron
Published: March 2017

Carters’ Barracks and Point Puer were the first attempts at creating a prison institution specifically for the growing number of juvenile male transportees who were being sent to the Australian colonies. Beyond the structures and regulations of the institutions, this article seeks to examine the ways in which the boys’ understanding of masculinities shaped their relationships with prison authorities and within the juvenile prison community.
Artificial Organs 2016: A Year in Review
Authors: Malchesky Paul S.
Published: March 2017

In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2016 are organized by category and briefly summarized. We aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, the International Society for Mechanical Circulatory Support, the International Society for Pediatric Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support, and the Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders “to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level.” Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We were pleased to publish our second Virtual Issue in April 2016 on “Tissue Engineering in Bone” by Professor Tsuyoshi Takato. Our first was published in 2011 titled “Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pumping” by Dr. Ashraf Khir. Other peer‐reviewed Special Issues this year included contributions from the 11th International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion edited by Dr. Akif Ündar and selections from the 23rd Congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps edited by Dr. Bojan Biocina. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, John Wiley & Sons for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to reporting further advances in the coming years.
Evening the keel: Measuring and responding to precarity in the Canadian labour economy
Authors: Zhang Selena , Zuberi Daniyal
Published: March 2017

This article argues that misalignment between the realities of work in the new economy and the regulations is having negative health and social implications at all levels of Canadian society. Remedying this requires drastic reshaping of policy approaches, but current laws and employment norms presume the labour market is a static entity. Policymakers should focus on improving how labour market data is collected for producing evidence‐based recommendations, and on re‐evaluating neoclassical economic assumptions underpinning this outdated framework. We argue the expansion of precarious work is reshaping the Canadian economy and society, and provide recommendations for data, policy and administration to address this trend.
A multiplex PCR‐based technique for identification of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica causing charcoal disease of oak trees in Zagros forests
Authors: Safaee D. , Khodaparast S. A. , Mirabolfathy M. , Mousanejad S.
Published: March 2017

Zagros oak (Quercus spp.) forests (ZOF) cover approximately 4 million hectares of the Zagros Mountains in Iran. Oak charcoal disease caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica has recently increased in some regions of ZOF. Detection of these fungi in host tissue and identification of the anamorphs by traditional methods have limitations and difficulties which were overcome using two primers, OP1 and OP2, based on rDNA sequences of O. persica and used along with the specific primers MED1 and MED2 for B. mediterranea to develop a multiplex PCR. This method was used to correctly identify 1 pg of fungal DNA per 1 mg of inner bark tissues of Quercus brantii, Q. infectoria and Q. libani.
On the risks of using dendrograms to measure functional diversity and multidimensional spaces to measure phylogenetic diversity: a comment on Sobral et al. (2016)
Authors: Villéger Sébastien , Maire Eva , Leprieur Fabien
Published: March 2017

Sobral et al. (Ecology Letters, 19, 2016, 1091) reported that the loss of bird functional and phylogenetic diversity due to species extinctions was not compensated by exotic species introductions. Here, we demonstrate that the reported changes in biodiversity were underestimated because of methodological pitfalls.
Teaching Undergraduates About LGBTQ Identities, Families, and Intersectionality
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Allen Katherine R.
Published: March 2017

Teaching undergraduate students about LGBTQ identities and family issues presents several challenges, or “opportunities,” which we address within personal, ecological, and historical contexts. We begin by articulating our positionality as scholars and instructors, and the feminist intersectional and queer lens that guides our research and pedagogy. We organize our presentation of contemporary teaching opportunities around three primary and interrelated topics: (a) teaching about LGBTQ issues with attention to intersectionality as a conceptual framework, (b) teaching about sexual orientation diversity and fluidity, and (c) teaching about gender diversity and transgender identities. We incorporate suggestions for educational practice throughout and recommend that instructors continually revise their teaching practices to reflect the changing technological and social landscape, thus maximizing opportunities for student engagement and learning.
Immunodominant protein MIP_05962 from Mycobacterium indicus pranii displays chaperone activity
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Equbal Md. Javed , Pandey Saurabh , Sheikh Javaid A. , Ehtesham Nasreen Z. , Hasnain Seyed E. , Chaudhuri Tapan K.
Published: March 2017

Tuberculosis, a contagious disease of infectious origin is currently a major cause of deaths worldwide. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), a saprophytic nonpathogen and a potent immunomodulator is currently being investigated as an intervention against tuberculosis along with many other diseases with positive outcome. The apparent paradox of multiple chaperones in mycobacterial species and enigma about the cellular functions of the client proteins of these chaperones need to be explored. Chaperones are the known immunomodulators; thus, there is need to exploit the proteome of MIP for identification and characterization of putative chaperones. One of the immunogenic proteins, MIP_05962 is a member of heat shock protein (HSP) 20 family due to the presence of α‐crystallin domain, and has amino acid similarity with Mycobacterium lepraeHSP18 protein. The diverse functions of M. lepraeHSP18 in stress conditions implicate MIP_05962 as an important protein that needs to be explored. Biophysical and biochemical characterization of the said protein proved it to be a chaperone. The observations of aggregation prevention and refolding of substrate proteins in the presence of MIP_05962 along with interaction with non‐native proteins, surface hydrophobicity, formation of large oligomers, in‐vivo thermal rescue of Escherichia coli expressing MIP_05962, enhancing solubility of insoluble protein maltodextrin glucosidase (MalZ) under in‐vivo conditions, and thermal stability and reversibility confirmed MIP_05962 as a molecular chaperone.
An Exploratory Study of Chinese University Undergraduates’ Global Competence: Effects of Internationalisation at Home and Motivation
Authors: Meng Qian , Zhu Chang , Cao Chun
Published: March 2017

Global competence is categorised into three dimensions: knowledge, skills/experience and attitudes. This study aims to investigate the global competence discrepancies of Chinese undergraduates in universities and regions of different development levels, as well as the effects of internationalisation efforts at home and students’ motivation on global competence. To this end, 2,695 students within nine universities (three 985 project universities, three 211 project universities and three provincial universities) in three Chinese cities (Beijing, Nanjing and Changchun) participated in this survey. The findings revealed that Chinese undergraduates have positive global attitudes, but they seem to lack sufficient global knowledge. Students from 985 project universities reported gaining higher global competence than students from 211 project and provincial universities, and students from Beijing reported higher global competence than students from Nanjing and Changchun. Competence discrepancies concerning fields of study were also found. The results of hierarchical regression analysis suggest that gender, 985 and 211 project universities, Beijing city, social sciences and humanities, experience of contact with foreigners on campus activities, enrolment in courses related to internationalisation and students’ motivation were predictive of Chinese students’ global competence.
The challenge of nutritional profiling of a protein‐free feed module for children on low protein tube feeds with organic acidaemias
Authors: Daly A. , Evans S. , Ashmore C. , Chahal S. , Santra S. , MacDonald A.
Published: March 2017

Background

Enteral tube feeding for children with organic acidaemias (OA) is recommended. Protein restriction, providing minimum safe levels of protein intake, is advocated. Standard paediatric tube feeding formulae provide more than the minimum safe protein requirements and are unsuitable in OA without modification. Modified paediatric enteral feeds consist of several modular ingredients. The aim of this prospective longitudinal interventional study was to assess the efficacy of a premeasured novel protein‐free module developed for children aged over 12 months compared to conventional practice.

Methods

In total, 15 children with OA (11.6–31 kg) needing enteral feeding were recruited. The protein‐free module, from either a protein‐free infant feed or modular ingredients, was replaced by the study feed. To ensure metabolic stability, energy and protein intake were unchanged. Dietary intake, anthropometry and nutritional biochemistry were recorded at baseline and week 26.

Results

Dietary intakes of magnesium (P = 0.02), sodium (P = 0.005), vitamin D (P = 0.04), docosahexaenoic acid (P = 0.01) and arachidonic acid (P = 0.001) significantly improved; plasma selenium (P = 0.002) and whole blood glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.02) significantly increased. Feed preparation accuracy as measured by composition analysis showed consistent errors both in pre‐ and study feeds.

Conclusions

A protein‐free module improved nutritional intake and biochemistry, although feed preparation errors remained a common finding
Measuring choice for adults with an intellectual disability – a factor analysis of the adapted daily choice inventory scale
Authors: O'Donovan M.‐A. , Byrne E. , McCallion P. , McCarron M.
Published: March 2017

Background

For most people, choice making is an everyday occurrence, but for adults with an intellectual disability (ID), such opportunities are often limited, if not, absent. Defining choice, and related opportunity capacity and supports continue to feature prominently in academic, practice and policy discourse within the field of ID as reflected in the range of measures available. This paper examines the factor analytic properties of an adapted 14‐item choice inventory scale.

Method

Presence and type of choice were recorded in wave 1 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing using a choice inventory scale adapted for the Irish context for 753 participants with ID over age 40 years. Analysis included both an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Descriptive statistics on choice by type of living arrangement, type of interview (proxy, self or supported) and level of ID are presented.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis indicates good model fit when using both a 3‐item and 4‐item response with the 4‐item version suggesting a two‐factor model. Further exploration of this two‐factor model through confirmatory factor analysis highlighted an improved fit for the 4‐item model. Further improvement in model fit is found when four item pairs are co‐varied within the model.

Conclusion

Two broad types of choice were found to exist for adults with ID – everyday decisions and key life decisions. In addition, the factor analysis support for the inclusion of a ‘no choice’ response may help reduce the potential for missing data.
Job and Worker Turnover in German Establishments
Authors: Bellmann Lutz , Gerner Hans‐Dieter , Upward Richard
Published: March 2017

We use a simple nonparametric regression approach to measure the relationship between employment growth, hirings and separations in a large panel of German establishments over the period 1993–2014. Although it is often claimed that firms in Europe have less flexibility in their ability to hire and fire, we find that the relationship between employment growth and worker flows in German establishments is very similar to the behaviour of U.S. establishments. The relationship is stable over time, even during the 2008–9 economic crisis and across different types of establishment. We verify our results with independent measures from administrative data. We suggest that this result is due to: the strong relationship between employment reductions and voluntary separations; the low level of ‘churning’; and the heterogeneity of jobs within establishments.
Asexual queen succession mediates an accelerated colony life cycle in the termite Silvestritermes minutus
Authors: Fougeyrollas R. , Křivánek J. , Roy V. , Dolejšová K. , Frechault S. , Roisin Y. , Hanus R. , Sillam‐Dussès D.
Published: March 2017

Mixed modes of reproduction, combining sexual processes with thelytokous parthenogenesis, occur in all major clades of social insects. In several species of termites, queens maximize their genetic input into nondispersing replacement queens through parthenogenesis, while maintaining genetically diverse sterile offspring and dispersing reproductives via sexual reproduction. This so‐called asexual queen succession (AQS) has multiple independent origins and its presumed advantages are diverse as well, ranging from multiplication of colony reproductive potential to extension of its lifespan beyond that of the foundress. However, how AQS shapes colony life cycles under natural conditions remains poorly known. The neotropical termite Silvestritermes minutus inhabits small but conspicuous nests, offering a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of AQS on life history. We report on its breeding system, life cycle and sex allocation using social structure census in 137 nests and genotyping of 12 colonies at 12 microsatellite loci. We show that colonies are established by an outbred pair of primary reproductives. In less than 2 years, the foundress is replaced by multiple neotenic queens, arising mostly through automixis with central fusion. Sterile castes, male and most (93%) female dispersers are produced sexually. Colony reproduction is usually restricted to a single dispersal of alates with unbiased sex ratio, taking place after 3 years. We conclude that S. minutus benefits from AQS to maximize colony growth rate and alate production within a very short life cycle rather than to extend colony lifespan. This highlights the versatile role of AQS in different cases of its polyphyletic origin.
Trade networks and colonial trade spillovers
Authors: Berthou Antoine , Ehrhart Hélène
Published: March 2017

This paper provides new empirical evidence regarding the formation of international trade networks. Established trade relations may open the gate to new trade opportunities, as they allow meeting new trade partners over time. We test this prediction and its implications for aggregate trade patterns by using the experience of ancient trade linkages between former colonies and their former colonizers (colonial trade linkages). We first show, using aggregate trade data, that former colonies have more trade with former colonizer's neighbors (colonial trade spillovers). We then show that the past export and import experience of former colonies with the colonizer have an impact on the propensity to trade similar products with third countries. In particular, the trade spillover effect is negatively related to geographical distance between third countries and the colonizer, and positively affected by their degree of economic integration.
Bayesian approach to LR assessment in case of rare type match
Authors: Cereda Giulia
Published: March 2017

The likelihood ratio (LR) is largely used to evaluate the relative weight of forensic data regarding two hypotheses, and for its assessment, Bayesian methods are widespread in the forensic field. However, the Bayesian ‘recipe’ for the LR presented in most of the literature consists of plugging‐in Bayesian estimates of the involved nuisance parameters into a frequentist‐defined LR: frequentist and Bayesian methods are thus mixed, giving rise to solutions obtained by hybrid reasoning. This paper provides the derivation of a proper Bayesian approach to assess LRs for the ‘rare type match problem’, the situation in which the expert wants to evaluate a match between the DNA profile of a suspect and that of a trace from the crime scene, and this profile has never been observed before in the database of reference. LR assessment using the two most popular Bayesian models (beta‐binomial and Dirichlet‐multinomial) is discussed and compared with corresponding plug‐in versions.
A spatial parallel heuristic approach for solving very large‐scale vehicle routing problems
Authors: Tu Wei , Li Qingquan , Li Qiuping , Zhu Jiasong , Zhou Baoding , Chen Biyu
Published: March 2017

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is one of the most prominent problems in spatial optimization because of its broad applications in both the public and private sectors. This article presents a novel spatial parallel heuristic approach for solving large‐scale VRPs with capacity constraints. A spatial partitioning strategy is devised to divide a region of interest into a set of small spatial cells to allow the use of a parallel local search with a spatial neighbor reduction strategy. An additional local search and perturbation mechanism around the border area of spatial cells is used to improve route segments across spatial cells to overcome the border effect. The results of one man‐made VRP benchmark and three real‐world super‐large‐scale VRP instances with tens of thousands of nodes verify that the presented spatial parallel heuristic approach achieves a comparable solution with much less computing time.
Enhancing Care for Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Evidence‐Based Practice Approach in a Rural Midwestern Region
Authors: Cook Christy L. , Dahms Shannon K. , Meiers Sonja J.
Published: March 2017

This column shares the best evidence‐based strategies and innovative ideas on how to facilitate the learning and implementation of EBP principles and processes by clinicians as well as nursing and interprofessional students. Guidelines for submission are available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1741-6787
Candidate Teachers’ Views on Implementation and Adoption of Democracy: Istanbul University Sample
Authors: Serin Hüseyin
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study is to determinethe candidate teachers’ views, who have pedagogical proficiency atHasan Ali Yucel education faculty, on implementation of organizational democracy according to gender and education variable. 370 of the candidate teachers who have graduate degree and continue undergraduate study atİstanbul University voluntarily participated in the study. Şeker’s (2010) scale named as ‘’ Adoption and Implementation of Organizational Democracy in Primary Schools according to Supervisors’ and Teachers’ Perceptions’’ was adapted and applied to candidate teachers. The five likert scale includes three dimensions; Participation in the Decision, Subsidiarity and Decentralization. EFA, CFA and t tests were conducted on the data collected fromthe study. According to the findings ofthe study, it has been understood that there are no differences among candidate teachers’ views on the implementation of organizational democracy scale, but there are meaningful differences among their views according to their educational level.
Exercise training reverses age‐induced diastolic dysfunction and restores coronary microvascular function
Authors: Hotta Kazuki , Chen Bei , Behnke Bradley J. , Ghosh Payal , Stabley John N. , Bramy Jeremy A. , Sepulveda Jaime L. , Delp Michael D. , Muller‐Delp Judy M.
Published: March 2017

Key points

In a rat model of ageing that is free of atherosclerosis or hypertension, E/A, a diagnostic measure of diastolic filling, decreases, and isovolumic relaxation time increases, indicating that both active and passive ventricular relaxation are impaired with advancing age.

Resting coronary blood flow and coronary functional hyperaemia are reduced with age, and endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation declines with age in coronary resistance arterioles.

Exercise training reverses age‐induced declines in diastolic and coronary microvascular function.

Thus, microvascular dysfunction and inadequate coronary perfusion are likely mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in aged rats.

Exercise training, initiated at an advanced age, reverses age‐related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction; these data suggest that late‐life exercise training can be implemented to improve coronary perfusion and diastolic function in the elderly.

The risk for diastolic dysfunction increases with advancing age. Regular exercise training ameliorates age‐related diastolic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. We investigated whether (1) microvascular dysfunction contributes to the development of age‐related diastolic dysfunction, and (2) initiation of late‐life exercise training reverses age‐related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction. Young and old rats underwent 10 weeks of exercise training or remained as sedentary, cage‐controls. Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), early diastolic filling (E/A), myocardial performance index (MPI) and aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity; PWV) were evaluated before and after exercise training or cage confinement. Coronary blood flow and vasodilatory responses of coronary arterioles were evaluated in all groups at the end of training. In aged sedentary rats, compared to young sedentary rats, a 42% increase in IVRT, a 64% decrease in E/A, and increased aortic stiffness (PWV: 6.36 ± 0.47 vs.4.89 ± 0.41, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05) was accompanied by impaired coronary blood flow at rest and during exercise. Endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation was impaired in coronary arterioles from aged rats (maximal relaxation to bradykinin: 56.4 ± 5.1% vs. 75.3 ± 5.2%, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05). After exercise training, IVRT, a measure of active ventricular relaxation, did not differ between old and young rats. In old rats, exercise training reversed the reduction in E/A, reduced aortic stiffness, and eliminated impairment of coronary blood flow responses and endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation. Thus, age‐related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction are reversed by late‐life exercise training. The restorative effect of exercise training on coronary microvascular function may result from improved endothelial function.
Accounting for Eccentricity in Compressor Performance Predictions
Authors: Young Anna M. , Cao Teng , Day Ivor J. , Longley John P.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, experiments and numerical modeling are used to quantify the effects of clearance and eccentricity on compressor performance and to examine the influence of each on flow distribution and stall margin. A change in the size of the tip-clearance gap influences the pressure rise and the stall margin of a compressor. Eccentricity of the tip-clearance gap then further exacerbates the negative effects of increasing tip-clearance. There are few studies in the literature dealing with the combined effect of clearance and eccentricity. There is also little guidance for engine designers, who have traditionally used rules of thumb to quantify these effects. One such rule states that the stall margin of an eccentric machine will be equal to that of a concentric machine with uniform clearance equal to the maximum eccentric clearance. In this paper, this rule of thumb is checked using experimental data and found to be overly pessimistic. In addition, eccentric clearance causes a variation in axial velocity around the circumference of the compressor. The current study uses a three-dimensional model which demonstrates the importance of radial flow gradients in capturing this redistribution. Flow redistribution has been treated analytically in the past, and for this reason, previous modeling has been restricted to two dimensions. The circumferential variation in axial velocity is also examined in terms of the local stability of the flow by considering the stalling flow coefficient of an equivalent axisymmetric compressor with the same local tip-clearance. The large clearance sector of the annulus is found to operate beyond its equivalent axisymmetric stall limit, which means that the small clearance sector of the annulus must be stabilizing the large clearance sector. An improved rule of thumb dealing with the effects of eccentricity is presented.
On the Merkel Equation: Novel ε-Number of Transfer Unit Correlations for Indirect Evaporative Cooler Under Different Lewis Numbers
Authors: Khamis Mansour M.
Published: March 2017

An innovative relationship between the effectiveness (ε) and number of transfer unit (NTU) was presented in this work for indirect evaporative cooler (IEC). This relationship is featured by its simplicity in use and has noniterative procedure to be implemented as the traditional one in the literature. The new model can be implemented in sizing and rating design of the IEC at different Lewis numbers with a reasonable accuracy. General integral equation, which is similar to that of Merkel equation, is developed in this model. The new relationship was verified through comparison with experimental and numerical work reported in the available literature for closed or indirect cooling tower (ICT), as an example of IEC. Additionally, the predicted results of the present model were compared to those obtained from the traditional numerical models at different Lewis numbers. The simulated results from the new model show a satisfactory agreement with those obtained from the experimental work of less than 10%. The new correlations can be implemented easily in predicting the thermal design and performance of IEC in any simulation program or in real site.
Extremely efficient internal exciton dissociation through edge states in layered 2D perovskites
Authors: Blancon J.-C. , Tsai H. , Nie W. , Stoumpos C. C. , Pedesseau L. , Katan C. , Kepenekian M. , Soe C. M. M. , Appavoo K. , Sfeir M. Y. , Tretiak S. , Ajayan P. M. , Kanatzidis M. G. , Even J. , Crochet J. J. , Mohite A. D.
Published: March 2017

How perovskites have the edge

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites form quantum wells by sandwiching inorganic-organic perovskite layers used in photovoltaic devices between organic layers. Blancon
et al.
show that if the perovskite layer is more than two unit cells thick, photogenerated excitons undergo an unusual but highly efficient process for creating free carriers that can be harvested in photovoltaic devices (see the Perspective by Bakr and Mohammed). Lower-energy local states at the edges of the perovskite layer facilitate dissociation into electrons and holes that are well protected from recombination.

Science
, this issue p.
1288
; see also p.
1260
Genome Sequence of Historical Bacillus anthracis Strain Tyrol 4675 Isolated from a Bovine Anthrax Case in Austria
Authors: Antwerpen Markus , Wölfel Roman , Grass Gregor
Published: March 2017

In 1988, an outbreak of anthrax occurred among cattle in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Since then, Austria has been declared anthrax-free. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of one of these last outbreak strains,
Bacillus anthracis
Tyrol 4675, isolated from a diseased cow.
Draft Genome Sequences of 18 Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Oranienburg Strains Isolated from Rivers in Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Casteñeda-Ruelas Gloria M. , Carreón-Gaxiola César , Castelán-Sánchez Hugo G. , Acatzi-Silva Abraham , Romero-Martínez Salvador , García-Molina Alejandra , Jiménez-Edeza Maribel
Published: March 2017

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Oranienburg is recognized as a foodborne pathogen widely distributed in the environment. Here, we report 18 draft genomes of
S
. Oranienburg strains isolated from rivers in the northwestern region of Mexico.
Draft Genome Sequences of Clinical Isolates of Serotype 6E Streptococcus pneumoniae from Five Asian Countries
Authors: Park In Ho , Baek Jin Yang , Song Jae-Hoon , Ko Kwan Soo , Kim Kyung-Hyo
Published: March 2017

Although serotype 6E
Streptococcus pneumoniae
consistently expresses capsules of either vaccine-serotype 6A or 6B, certain genetic variants of serotype 6E may evade vaccine induced immunity. Thus, draft genome sequences from five clinical isolates of serotype 6E from each of five different Asian countries have been generated to provide insight into the genomic diversity in serotype 6E strains.
Draft Genome Assembly of
Colletotrichum chlorophyti
, a Pathogen of Herbaceous Plants
Authors: Gan P. , Narusaka M. , Tsushima A. , Narusaka Y. , Takano Y. , Shirasu K.
Published: March 2017

Colletotrichum chlorophyti
is a fungal pathogen that infects various herbaceous plants, including crops such as legumes, tomato, and soybean. Here, we present the genome of
C. chlorophyti
NTL11, isolated from tomato. Analysis of this genome will allow a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal host range and pathogenicity.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Burkholderia pseudomallei Strain Isolated from a Pet Green Iguana in Prague, Czech Republic
Authors: Elschner Mandy C. , Thomas Prasad , El-Adawy Hosny , Mertens Katja , Melzer Falk , Hnizdo Jan , Stamm Ivonne
Published: March 2017

Burkholderia pseudomallei
was isolated from pus from an abscess of a pet iguana living in a private household in Prague, Czech Republic. This paper presents the complete genome sequence of
B. pseudomallei
strain VB976100.
Anterior condylar confluence dural arteriovenous fistula: a rare cause of hoarseness
Authors: Chia Ghim Song , Lim Winston Eng Hoe
Published: March 2017

Hoarseness secondary to an anterior condylar confluence (ACC) dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) has not been previously described. We present a 58-year-old patient with a 3-week history of progressive unilateral left-sided headaches and hoarseness. Nasolaryngoscopy and CT neck showed the presence of unilateral vocal cord palsy with no identifiable cause along the expected course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. MRI revealed an incidental finding of abnormal serpiginous vessels in the left hypoglossal canal which led to a diagnostic cerebral angiogram, confirming the presence of an ACC DAVF. The patient underwent transvenous coil embolisation with subsequent resolution of arteriovenous shunting and symptoms. Follow-up MRI at 6 months showed no recurrence and there was complete resolution of clinical symptoms.
Presentation ofcalcinosis cutis universalisin mixed connective tissue disorder: an encounter during hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ashraf Munis , Gopikrishnan Krishnanunni , Umamahesvaran Balaji , Sambandam Senthil Nathan
Published: March 2017

A woman aged 23 years with a diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disorder presented with left groin pain extending over 6 months. Workup revealed avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Grade 3) secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic steroid intake. An uncemented total hip arthroplasty was considered as the patient was only in the third decade of life. During the preop workup, careful clinical assessment had revealed multiple subcutaneous nodules affecting the extensor musculature limited to the gluteal region, anterior and posterior aspects of the thigh. The diagnosis ofcalcinosis cutis universaliswas made after a CT revealed calcified nodules in the subcutaneous, subfascial and muscular planes. A total hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach was performed with minimal trauma to the calcified nodules and thereby preventing a source of persistent drainage and reducing morbidity due to infection.
The entire mean weighted first-passage time on infinite families of weighted tree networks
Authors: Sun Yanqiu , Dai Meifeng , Shao Shuxiang , Su Weiyi
Published: March 2017

We propose the entire mean weighted first-passage time (EMWFPT) for the first time in the literature. The EMWFPT is obtained by the sum of the reciprocals of all nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues on weighted networks. Simplified calculation of EMWFPT is the key quantity in the study of infinite families of weighted tree networks, since the weighted complex systems have become a fundamental mechanism for diverse dynamic processes. We base on the relationships between characteristic polynomials at different generations of their Laplacian matrix and Laplacian eigenvalues to compute EMWFPT. This technique of simplified calculation of EMWFPT is significant both in theory and practice. In this paper, firstly, we introduce infinite families of weighted tree networks with recursive properties. Then, we use the sum of the reciprocals of all nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues to calculate EMWFPT, which is equal to the average of MWFPTs over all pairs of nodes on infinite families of weighted networks. In order to compute EMWFPT, we try to obtain the analytical expressions for the sum of the reciprocals of all nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues. The key step here is to calculate the constant terms and the coefficients of first-order terms of characteristic polynomials. Finally, we obtain analytically the closed-form solutions to EMWFPT on the weighted tree networks and show that the leading term of EMWFPT grows superlinearly with the network size.
SELLING AT THE ULTIMATE MAXIMUM IN A REGIME-SWITCHING MODEL
Authors: LIU YUE , PRIVAULT NICOLAS
Published: March 2017

This paper deals with optimal prediction in a regime-switching model driven by a continuous-time Markov chain. We extend existing results for geometric Brownian motion by deriving optimal stopping strategies that depend on the current regime state and prove a number of continuity properties relating to optimal value and boundary functions. Our approach replaces the use of closed form expressions, which are not available in our setting, with PDE arguments that also simplify the approach of [du Toit & Peskir (2009) Selling a stock at the ultimate maximum, Annals of Applied Probability 19 (3), 983–1014.] in the classical Brownian case.
Optimal Fair Division for Measures with Piecewise Linear Density Functions
Authors: Legut Jerzy
Published: March 2017

A nonlinear programming method is used for finding an optimal fair division of the unit interval [Formula: see text] among [Formula: see text] players. Preferences of players are described by nonatomic probability measures [Formula: see text] with piecewise linear (PWL) density functions. The presented algorithm can be applied for obtaining “almost” optimal fair divisions for measures with arbitrary density functions approximable by PWL functions. The number of cuts needed for obtaining such divisions is given.
Some notes on Lie ideals in division rings
Authors: Aaghabali M. , Ariannejad M. , Madadi A.
Published: March 2017

A Lie ideal of a division ring [Formula: see text] is an additive subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that the Lie product [Formula: see text] of any two elements [Formula: see text] is in [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. The main concern of this paper is to present some properties of Lie ideals of [Formula: see text] which may be interpreted as being dual to known properties of normal subgroups of [Formula: see text]. In particular, we prove that if [Formula: see text] is a finite-dimensional division algebra with center [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then any finitely generated [Formula: see text]-module Lie ideal of [Formula: see text] is central. We also show that the additive commutator subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is not a finitely generated [Formula: see text]-module. Some other results about maximal additive subgroups of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are also presented.