bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global classical solution to the chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with some realistic boundary conditions
Authors: Jin Chunhua
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider the chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes model with realistic boundary conditions matching the experiments of Hillesdon, Kessler et al. in a two-dimensional periodic strip domain. For the lower boundary, we impose the usual homogeneous Neumann-Neumann-Dirichlet boundary condition. While, for the upper boundary, since it is open to the atmosphere, we consider three kinds of different mixed non-homogeneous boundary conditions, that is, (i) Neumann-Dirichlet-Navier slip boundary condition; (ii) Zero flux-Dirichlet-Navier slip boundary condition; (iii) Zero flux-Robin-Navier slip boundary condition. For boundary conditions (i) and (iii), the existence and uniqueness of global classical solutions for any initial data and any large chemotactic sensitivity coefficient is established, and for boundary condition (ii), the existence and uniqueness of global classical solutions for any initial data and small chemotactic sensitivity coefficient is proved.
Possibilities of the Interval: Heidegger and the Reimagining of the Interval in Luigi Nono’s A Carlo Scarpa
Authors: BARTON JOHN
Published: March 2023

From 1976, the works of the Venetian composer Luigi Nono (1924–90) are marked by a noticeable change in both his philosophical and his political outlook. What results is a decade (1980–9) of compositions that feature poetry in librettos, live electronics, the spatialization of sound and a prominent use of microtonal pitches. Together these create completely novel soundscapes that are noticeably different from his previous output. This article will examine a particular influence – the philosophy of Martin Heidegger – in the creation of the 1984 piece for large ensemble A Carlo Scarpa. The purpose of this is not only to allow for an insight into the music and structure of A Carlo Scarpa, but also to illuminate how philosophical and political ideas can be represented within the craft of composition, and the new paths of thinking that guided Nono’s artistic output during the 1980s.
Performing Internationalism: The ISCM as a ‘Musical League of Nations’
Authors: MASTERS GILES
Published: March 2023

After the First World War, some musicians embraced ‘international’ identities in novel ways, requiring novel strategies.6 During the 1920s, internationalist initiatives were launched in musicology, music education, folk music and more, joining a more general proliferation of institutions devoted to cultural internationalism.7 In the domain of Western art music, the most high-profile internationalist organization of the era was the ISCM, founded in Salzburg in 1922.8 The ISCM’s principal activity during the interwar period was to organize an annual contemporary music festival. This peripatetic event, hosted in a different European city each year, served two intertwined ambitions: to promote contemporary music and to further international cooperation. The latter aspiration gave rise to an unofficial nickname – the ‘musical League of Nations’ – encapsulating the ISCM’s perceived affinities with other, heftier internationalist endeavours.9 A ‘musical League of Nations’ was, however, an ambivalent and precarious project: the moniker recognized, through analogy, a necessary proximity to the era’s chief prototype of an international structure; but it clung, by way of its adjective, to a degree of detachment from the treacherous waters of politics and diplomacy.
Worker Internationalism, Local Song and the Politics of Urban Space
Authors: BOYD-BENNETT HARRIET
Published: March 2023

At the height of the strikes and factory occupations that marked Turin’s biennio rosso (‘two red years’, 1919–20) a series of songs circulated among the workers. I will focus on two of these songs – La guardia rossa and Miśeria, miśeria – to listen to the particular stories they tell about the experiences of the city’s labouring classes: the ways in which the songs functioned as vehicles of political expression and solidarity, and as loci of memories of past labour and strife. Both songs survived in the memories of workers and their families long after the biennio rosso, as oral and written testaments to a moment when it seemed that revolution might be possible. The crucial point, however, is that while both were expressions of a local political milieu and neighbourhood-specific, working-class sentiment, they also gestured to a broader network of internationalist solidarity. It is the tensions and convergences between localism and internationalism that I want to explore further – a ‘local internationalism’, perhaps, that prompts us to pay attention to the broader political potential of small-scale communities, as well as to the situatedness of political ideologies during a period often framed in terms of national retrenchment and transnational exchange.60
Experiments on a 60° delta wing with vortex flaps and vortex plates
Authors: Rinoie K.
Published: March 2023

Low speed wind tunnel tests have been made to investigate the flow around a leading edge vortex flap at the maximum LID condition. Tests were also made to measure the performance of a vortex plate. The force measurements and flow visualisation tests were conducted on a 0·53 m span 60° delta wing model. Results indicate that the lift to drag ratio is a maximum for any given flap deflection angle that the flow comes smoothly onto the deflected vortex flap without forming a large leading edge separation vortex on the flap surface. The benefit of the vortex plate is seen in the drag results which are smaller than those for the datum wing. This benefit is due to leading edge suction acting on the forward facing region between the delta wing and the vortex plate.
Optimisation of constant altitude—constant airspeed flight for piston-prop aircraft
Authors: Ojha S. K.
Published: March 2023

The preliminary design phase of an aircraft requires quick calculation methods to assess its performance. This note develops an analytical method to obtain the optimum range and associated flight parameters for a piston-prop aircraft. The aircraft is flying so that the altitude and airspeed are kept constant.

Such a flight is called “constant altitude-constant airspeed” flight or simply “constant h-V flight”. Transport aircraft generally utilise this type of flight profile. Such a profile has been analysed by Bert for turbojet aircraft, and Hale has discussed it for both turbojet and piston-prop aircraft. This note further improves the analysis of constant h-V flight by optimising it independently and without using the known values from any other flight profile.
The 11th Sir Sydney Camm Lecture. Supporting the Royal Air Force — the challenge for Logistics Command as we approach the 21st century
Authors: Alcock Michael
Published: March 2023

There can be no doubt that Sir Sydney Camm has left an enduring legacy, both within the aerospace industry as a whole and in the RAF in particular. Indeed, the fact that the RAF has been flying one or more aircraft designed either in part or wholly by Sir Sydney Camm for the majority of the 75 years of our existence provides ample testimony to the extent of that legacy (Fig. 1). A military theme for this paper would therefore seem to be entirely appropriate.

The challenge, of course, stems from the reduced threat of global war and the rather greater likelihood of further conflicts such as that seen in the Gulf (Operation GRANBY). These developments have required the RAF to undertake a radical reappraisal of its size, composition and operational posture.
Rotary jet-thrust augmentors — the fallacy of Foa’s theory and the jet fan augmentor
Authors: Bore C. L.
Published: March 2023

The theory behind Foa’s rotary jet-thrust augmentor dates back to 1955, but there is a fundamental fallacy in it, which is proved by this note. When corrected, the augmentation value equals that of the static-jet augmentor.

The principles and theory of the jet-fan thrust augmentor are outlined. Thrust augmentation ratios of these will be around three times those of static-jet augmentors.
An experimental study of the interaction of an unsteady shock with a turbulent boundary layer at Mach numbers of 1.3 and 1.5
Authors: Edwards J. A. , Squire L. C.
Published: March 2023

In this paper the results are given of an experimental investigation into the flow development and the surface pressures in an unsteady shock boundary layer interaction at Mach numbers of 1.3 and 1.5. The experiment is one in which a naturally grown turbulent boundary layer on the tunnel walls is disturbed by a normal shock wave spanning the test section of the tunnel. The shock wave is oscillated by a periodic pressure disturbance in the tunnel diffuser far downstream of the interaction. Both instantaneous (spatially averaged) and time averaged results for the surface pressures are presented. These results are used to study the flow development and phase changes through the interaction over a frequency range from 34 to 167 Hz. This frequency range was chosen to cover the range of parameters likely to occur in conditions corresponding to stall flutter in the compressor fans of large bypass engines.
Self-adaptive mesh refinement for the computation of steady, compressible, viscous flows
Authors: Fischer J.
Published: March 2023

An adaptive method for the computation of steady, viscous compressible flows over a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers is presented. The method is based on a well-proven scheme for the solution of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and employs the flexible AMR-grid structure for the adaptation of discretisation to the computed flow. The basic numerical scheme and the grid structure are reviewed and the sensors employed for the detection of the main flow phenomena are presented. Special attention is given to several flows computed with the adaptive method. The numerical results are partially compared to experimental data and generally a good agreement is observed. It is also recognised that, with the present adaptive method, flow features can be computed with high resolution using greatly reduced computing power. At this time, the method is limited to the simulation of two-dimensional flows, with the extension to three space dimensions currently under development.
Evaluating the feeling of control in virtual object translation on 2D interfaces
Authors: Sun Wenxin , Huang Mengjie , Wu Chenxin , Yang Rui , Han Ji , Yue Yong
Published: March 2023

Computer-aided design (CAD) plays an essential role in creative idea generation on 2D screens during the design process. In most CAD scenarios, virtual object translation is an essential operation, and it is commonly used when designers simulate their innovative solutions. The degrees of freedom (DoF) of virtual object translation modes have been found to directly impact users’ task performance and psychological aspects in simulated environments. Little is known in the existing literature about the sense of agency (SoA), which is a critical psychological aspect emphasizing the feeling of control, in translation modes on 2D screens during the design process. Hence, this study aims to assess users’ SoA in virtual object translation modes on mouse-based, touch-based, and handheld augmented reality (AR) interfaces through subjective and objective measures, such as self-report, task performance, and electroencephalogram (EEG) data. Based on our findings in this study, users perceived a greater feeling of control in 1DoF translation mode, which may help them come up with more creative ideas, than in 3DoF translation mode in the design process; additionally, the handheld AR interface offers less control feel, which may have a negative impact on design quality and creativity, as compared with mouse- and touch-based interfaces. This research contributes to the current literature by analyzing the association between virtual object translation modes and SoA, as well as the relationship between different 2D interfaces and SoA in CAD. As a result of these findings, we propose several design considerations for virtual object translation on 2D screens, which may enable designers to perceive a desirable feeling of control during the design process.
Characteristics, treatment and care of pregnant women living with hepatitis B in England: findings from a national audit
Authors: Bailey Heather , Nastouli Eleni , Webb Sharon , Peckham Catherine , Thorne Claire
Published: March 2023

Around 0.4% of pregnant women in England have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and need services to prevent vertical transmission. In this national audit, sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory information was requested from all maternity units in England for hepatitis B surface antigen-positive women initiating antenatal care in 2014. We describe these women's characteristics and indicators of access to/uptake of healthcare. Of 2542 pregnancies in 2538 women, median maternal age was 31 [IQR 27, 35] years, 94% (1986/2109) were non-UK born (25% (228/923) having arrived into the UK <2 years previously) and 32% (794/2473) had ⩾2 previous live births. In 39%, English levels were basic/less than basic. Antenatal care was initiated at median 11.3 [IQR 9.6, 14] gestation weeks, and ‘late’ (⩾20 weeks) in 10% (251/2491). In 70% (1783/2533) of pregnancies, HBV had been previously diagnosed and 11.8% (288/2450) had ⩾1 marker of higher infectivity. Missed specialist appointments were reported in 18% (426/2339). Late antenatal care and/or missed specialist appointments were more common in pregnancies among women lacking basic English, arriving in the UK ⩽2 years previously, newly HBV diagnosed, aged <25 years and/or with ⩾2 previous live births. We show overlapping groups of pregnant women with chronic HBV vulnerable to delayed or incomplete care.
Dimension reduction analysis of a three-dimensional thin elastic plate reinforced with fractal ribbons
Authors: El Jarroudi Mustapha , El Merzguioui Mhamed , Er-Riani Mustapha , Lahrouz Aadil , El Amrani Jamal
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to study the dimension reduction analysis of an elastic plate with small thickness reinforced with increasing number of thin ribbons developing fractal geometry. We prove the$\Gamma $-convergence of the energy functionals to a two-dimensional effective energy including singular terms supported within the Sierpinski carpet.
Neolithic Cultural Heritage in Greece and Turkey and the Politics of Land and History
Authors: Souvatzi Stella
Published: March 2023

The paper explores and compares the ways in which Neolithic heritage in Greece and Turkey—two archaeologically and historically influential cases—has been used at the level of the state and the diverse meanings, values and histories ascribed to it by local communities and public discourse. Using four very representative examples as case studies, including the World Heritage sites of Çatalhöyük and Göbekli Tepe in Turkey as well as Dimini and Dispilio in Greece, the paper demonstrates how Neolithic spaces are used by different agents to install a certain image of history and to form a collective memory, but also to emphasize difference and discontinuity. The main aim is to explore the relationship between heritage, space and history. Special emphasis is placed on the politics of history or historiography and identity at all levels and on the placement of the debates into a larger historical and discursive context.
A. G. PAPANDREOU’S ACADEMIC ECONOMIC THOUGHT 1943–1963
Authors: Zouboulakis Michel S.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this article is to make an overall assessment of Andreas George Papandreou’s theoretical contributions during his American academic career, from the perspective of the history of economic thought. Papandreou contributed to the postwar development of economic thought in competition theory and experimental testing of consumer theory. In developing competition theory, he introduced a new method of evaluating the monopolistic power of a firm through a coefficient measuring the firm’s penetration in the market. Furthermore, he suggested a way of experimentally testing whether individual preferences satisfy the axiom of transitivity. He actively participated in the methodological controversies on the realisticness of economic assumptions that took place between 1946 and 1953, and on the empirical meaning of economics in 1963, between Milton Friedman, Paul Samuelson, Fritz Machlup, Herbert Simon, and others.
Estimating ground reaction force with novel carbon nanotube-based textile insole pressure sensors
Authors: Burch Kaleb , Doshi Sagar , Chaudhari Amit , Thostenson Erik , Higginson Jill
Published: March 2023

This study presents a new wearable insole pressure sensor (IPS), composed of fabric coated in a carbon nanotube-based composite thin film, and validates its use for quantifying ground reaction forces (GRFs) during human walking. Healthy young adults (n = 7) walked on a treadmill at three different speeds while data were recorded simultaneously from the IPS and a force plate (FP). The IPS was compared against the FP by evaluating differences between the two instruments under two different assessments: (1) comparing the two peak forces at weight acceptance and push-off (2PK) and (2) comparing the absolute maximum (MAX) of each gait cycle. Agreement between the two systems was evaluated using the Bland–Altman method. For the 2PK assessment, the group mean of differences (MoD) was −1.3 ± 4.3% body weight (BW) and the distance between the MoD and the limits of agreement (2S) was 25.4 ± 11.1% BW. For the MAX assessment, the average MoD across subjects was 1.9 ± 3.0% BW, and 2S was 15.8 ± 9.3% BW. The results of this study show that this sensor technology can be used to obtain accurate measurements of peak walking forces with a basic calibration and consequently open new opportunities to monitor GRF outside of the laboratory.
The effects of swing assistance in a microprocessor-controlled transfemoral prosthesis on walking at varying speeds and grades
Authors: Lee Jantzen , Goldfarb Michael
Published: March 2023

This article proposes, describes, and tests a swing-assist walking controller for a stance-controlled, swing-assisted knee prosthesis that aims to combine benefits of passive swing mechanics (e.g., quiet operation, biomimetic function, and low power requirements) with benefits of powered swing assistance (e.g., increased robustness of swing-phase motion and specifically increased toe clearance). A three-participant, multislope, multispeed treadmill walking study was performed using the swing-assist prosthesis and controller, as well as using the participants’ prescribed microprocessor knee devices. The swing-assist device and approach were found to improve user minimum foot clearance during walking at slopes and speeds, and also to improve symmetry of knee motion. Hip power inputs from stance knee release to heel strike indicated that, on average, less hip power was required when using the swing-assist prosthesis, indicating that the observed benefits were likely the result of the knee device and its control methodology, rather than a result of increased hip joint effort.
Nevertheless, It Persists
Authors: Neubaum German , Lane Daniel S.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Social media have become important environments for people to express and explore their political views. Yet, relatively little is known about how affordances provided by social media platforms affect whether and how users express political opinions. This work argues that message persistence (i.e., the temporal extent to which messages can be accessed by users) is a central affordance of many social media, which affects not only users’ likelihood of political expression, but also so-called self-effects in terms of users feeling socially committed to their expressed views. In a pre-registered experiment ( N = 994), we varied the level of message persistence in a social media platform and used behavioral measures of opinion expression. Contrary to expectations, high-persistence social media provoked more opinion expressions than low-persistence social media. Only minimal evidence was found of self-effects and the persistence of the social media environment did not influence self-related outcomes. Results are discussed in light of political expression literature and the role of self-effects in social media.
Permafrost Thermal Responses to Asymmetrical Climate Changes: An Integrated Perspective
Authors: Wang Kang , Zhang Tingjun , Clow Gary D.
Published: March 2023

An integrated perspective of permafrost dynamics is a key bridge between permafrost and global socioeconomic assessments. This study investigated the air temperature changes (1976–2020) among permafrost zones in the Northern Hemisphere and their potential impacts on permafrost. We found that continuous permafrost zones experienced faster warming than other regions. The freezing index declined 724°C‐day while the thawing index increased only 166°C‐day over continuous permafrost zones. This may explain why the temperature of cold permafrost increased rapidly but the active layer thickness changed only slightly. Assuming permafrost carbon emissions arise only from thaw processes may miss a significant source of the emissions. An often‐neglected factor is that cold‐season snow amplifies permafrost warming caused by summertime air temperature changes. Due to seasonal effects, using mean‐annual air temperature to depict permafrost evolution under integrated assessment frameworks may lead to significant errors.
3D Climate Simulations of the Archean Find That Methane has a Strong Cooling Effect at High Concentrations
Authors: Eager‐Nash J. K. , Mayne N. J. , Nicholson A. E. , Prins J. E. , Young O. C. F. , Daines S. J. , Sergeev D. E. , Lambert F. H. , Manners J. , Boutle I. A. , Wolf E. T. , Kamp I. E. E. , Kohary K. , Lenton T. M.
Published: March 2023

Methane is thought to have been an important greenhouse gas during the Archean, although its potential warming has been found to be limited at high concentrations due to its high shortwave absorption. We use the Met Office Unified Model, a general circulation model, to further explore the climatic effect of different Archean methane concentrations. Surface warming peaks at a pressure ratio pCH4:pCO2 of approximately 0.1, reaching a maximum of up to 7 K before significant cooling above this ratio. Equator‐to‐pole temperature differences also tend to increase up to pCH4 ≤ 300 Pa, which is driven by a difference in radiative forcing at the equator and poles by methane and a reduction in the latitudinal extend of the Hadley circulation. 3D models are important to fully capture the cooling effect of methane, due to these impacts of the circulation.
Shifts from cooperative to individual-based predation defense determine microbial predator-prey dynamics
Authors: de la Cruz Barron Magali , van Velzen Ellen , Klümper Uli , Weitere Markus , Berendonk Thomas U , Kneis David
Published: March 2023

Predation defense is an important feature of predator-prey interactions adding complexity to ecosystem dynamics. Prey organisms have developed various strategies to escape predation which differ in mode (elude vs. attack), reversibility (inducible vs. permanent), and scope (individual vs. cooperative defenses). While the mechanisms and controls of many singular defenses are well understood, important ecological and evolutionary facets impacting long-term predator-prey dynamics remain underexplored. This pertains especially to trade-offs and interactions between alternative defenses occurring in prey populations evolving under predation pressure. Here, we explored the dynamics of a microbial predator-prey system consisting of bacterivorous flagellates (Poteriospumella lacustris) feeding on Pseudomonas putida. Within five weeks of co-cultivation corresponding to about 35 predator generations, we observed a consistent succession of bacterial defenses in all replicates (n = 16). Initially, bacteria expressed a highly effective cooperative defense based on toxic metabolites, which brought predators close to extinction. This initial strategy, however, was consistently superseded by a second mechanism of predation defense emerging via de novo mutations. Combining experiments with mathematical modeling, we demonstrate how this succession of defenses is driven by the maximization of individual rather than population benefits, highlighting the role of rapid evolution in the breakdown of social cooperation.
Adaptive partitioning of a gene locus to the nuclear envelope in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is driven by polymer-polymer phase separation
Authors: González Lidice , Kolbin Daniel , Trahan Christian , Jeronimo Célia , Robert François , Oeffinger Marlene , Bloom Kerry , Michnick Stephen W.
Published: March 2023

Partitioning of active gene loci to the nuclear envelope (NE) is a mechanism by which organisms increase the speed of adaptation and metabolic robustness to fluctuating resources in the environment. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, adaptation to nutrient depletion or other stresses, manifests as relocalization of active gene loci from nucleoplasm to the NE, resulting in more efficient transport and translation of mRNA. The mechanism by which this partitioning occurs remains a mystery. Here, we demonstrate that the yeast inositol depletion-responsive gene locus INO1 partitions to the nuclear envelope, driven by local histone acetylation-induced polymer-polymer phase separation from the nucleoplasmic phase. This demixing is consistent with recent evidence for chromatin phase separation by acetylation-mediated dissolution of multivalent histone association and fits a physical model where increased bending stiffness of acetylated chromatin polymer causes its phase separation from de-acetylated chromatin. Increased chromatin spring stiffness could explain nucleation of transcriptional machinery at active gene loci.
Entangled spin-polarized excitons from singlet fission in a rigid dimer
Authors: Dill Ryan D. , Smyser Kori E. , Rugg Brandon K. , Damrauer Niels H. , Eaves Joel D.
Published: March 2023

Singlet fission, a process that splits a singlet exciton into a biexciton, has promise in quantum information. We report time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on a conformationally well-defined acene dimer molecule, TIPS-BP1', designed to exhibit strongly state-selective relaxation to specific magnetic spin sublevels. The resulting optically pumped spin polarization is a nearly pure initial state from the ensemble. The long-lived spin coherences modulate the signal intrinsically, allowing a measurement scheme that substantially removes noise and uncertainty in the magnetic resonance spectra. A nonadiabatic transition theory with a minimal number of spectroscopic parameters allows the quantitative assignment and interpretation of the spectra. In this work, we show that the rigid dimer TIPS-BP1' supports persistent spin coherences at temperatures far higher than those used in conventional superconducting quantum hardware.
Ligand vacancy channels in pillared inorganic-organic hybrids for electrocatalytic organic oxidation with enzyme-like activities
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Jili , Meng Lingshen , Li Jianan , Hao Yaming , Jiang Tao , Yang Xuejing , Li Yefei , Liu Zhi-Pan , Gong Ming
Published: March 2023

Simultaneously achieving abundant and well-defined active sites with high selectivity has been one of the ultimate goals for heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we construct a class of Ni hydroxychloride-based inorganic-organic hybrid electrocatalysts with the inorganic Ni hydroxychloride chains pillared by the bidentate N-N ligands. The precise evacuation of N-N ligands under ultrahigh-vacuum forms ligand vacancies while partially retaining some ligands as structural pillars. The high density of ligand vacancies forms the active vacancy channel with abundant and highly-accessible undercoordinated Ni sites, exhibiting 5-25 fold and 20-400 fold activity enhancement compared to the hybrid pre-catalyst and standard β-Ni(OH)2for the electrochemical oxidation of 25 different organic substrates, respectively. The tunable N-N ligand can also tailor the sizes of the vacancy channels to significantly impact the substrate configuration leading to unprecedented substrate-dependent reactivities on hydroxide/oxide catalysts. This approach bridges heterogenous and homogeneous catalysis for creating efficient and functional catalysis with enzyme-like properties.
Evolutionary ecology of microbial populations inhabiting deep sea sediments associated with cold seeps
Authors: Dong Xiyang , Peng Yongyi , Wang Muhua , Woods Laura , Wu Wenxue , Wang Yong , Xiao Xi , Li Jiwei , Jia Kuntong , Greening Chris , Shao Zongze , Hubert Casey R. J.
Published: March 2023

Deep sea cold seep sediments host abundant and diverse microbial populations that significantly influence biogeochemical cycles. While numerous studies have revealed their community structure and functional capabilities, little is known about genetic heterogeneity within species. Here, we examine intraspecies diversity patterns of 39 abundant species identified in sediment layers down to 430 cm below the sea floor across six cold seep sites. These populations are grouped as aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Different evolutionary trajectories are observed at the genomic level among these physiologically and phylogenetically diverse populations, with generally low rates of homologous recombination and strong purifying selection. Functional genes related to methane (pmoAandmcrA) and sulfate (dsrA) metabolisms are under strong purifying selection in most species investigated. These genes differ in evolutionary trajectories across phylogenetic clades but are functionally conserved across sites. Intrapopulation diversification of genomes and theirmcrAanddsrAgenes is depth-dependent and subject to different selection pressure throughout the sediment column redox zones at different sites. These results highlight the interplay between ecological processes and the evolution of key bacteria and archaea in deep sea cold seep extreme environments, shedding light on microbial adaptation in the subseafloor biosphere.
Nanoscale imaging of super-high-frequency microelectromechanical resonators with femtometer sensitivity
Authors: Lee Daehun , Jahanbani Shahin , Kramer Jack , Lu Ruochen , Lai Keji
Published: March 2023

Implementing microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators calls for detailed microscopic understanding of the devices, such as energy dissipation channels, spurious modes, and imperfections from microfabrication. Here, we report the nanoscale imaging of a freestanding super-high-frequency (3 – 30 GHz) lateral overtone bulk acoustic resonator with unprecedented spatial resolution and displacement sensitivity. Using transmission-mode microwave impedance microscopy, we have visualized mode profiles of individual overtones and analyzed higher-order transverse spurious modes and anchor loss. The integrated TMIM signals are in good agreement with the stored mechanical energy in the resonator. Quantitative analysis with finite-element modeling shows that the noise floor is equivalent to an in-plane displacement of 10 fm/√Hz at room temperatures, which can be further improved under cryogenic environments. Our work contributes to the design and characterization of MEMS resonators with better performance for telecommunication, sensing, and quantum information science applications.
Orbital design of Berry curvature: pinch points and giant dipoles induced by crystal fields
Authors: Mercaldo Maria Teresa , Noce Canio , Caviglia Andrea D. , Cuoco Mario , Ortix Carmine
Published: March 2023

The Berry curvature (BC)—a quantity encoding the geometric properties of the electronic wavefunctions in a solid—is at the heart of different Hall-like transport phenomena, including the anomalous Hall and the non-linear Hall and Nernst effects. In non-magnetic quantum materials with acentric crystalline arrangements, local concentrations of BC are generally linked to single-particle wavefunctions that are a quantum superposition of electron and hole excitations. BC-mediated effects are consequently observed in two-dimensional systems with pairs of massive Dirac cones and three-dimensional bulk crystals with quartets of Weyl cones. Here, we demonstrate that in materials equipped with orbital degrees of freedom local BC concentrations can arise even in the complete absence of hole excitations. In these solids, the crystals fields appearing in very low-symmetric structures trigger BCs characterized by hot-spots and singular pinch points. These characteristics naturally yield giant BC dipoles and large non-linear transport responses in time-reversal symmetric conditions.
Reversal of spin-polarization near the Fermi level of the Rashba semiconductor BiTeCl
Authors: Qu J. , Han X. , Sakamoto S. , Jia C. J. , Liu J. , Li H. , Guan D. , Zeng Y.-J. , Schüler M. , Kirchmann P. S. , Moritz B. , Hussain Z. , Devereaux T. P. , Shen Z.-X. , Sobota J. A.
Published: March 2023

Spin–orbit coupling forms the physical basis for quantum materials with non-trivial topology and potential spintronics applications. The Rashba interaction is a textbook model of spin–orbit interactions, with charge carriers undergoing linear, isotropic spin-splitting in momentum space. Recently, non-centrosymmetric semiconductors in the family BiTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) have been identified as exemplary Rashba materials due to the strong splitting of their bulk bands, yet a detailed investigation of their spin textures, and their relationships to local crystal symmetry, is currently lacking. We perform high-efficiency spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to directly image the spin texture of surface states of BiTeCl, and we find dramatic deviations from idealized behavior, including a reversal of the spin-polarization near the Fermi level. We show that this behavior can be described by higher-order contributions to the canonical Rashba model with the surface states localized to individual trilayers of the crystal. Due to the prominence of these effects near the Fermi level, they should have a strong impact on the spin-dependent transport of carriers.
Mapping the terraces on the Loess Plateau based on a deep learning-based model at 1.89 m resolution
Authors: Lu Yahan , Li Xiubin , Xin Liangjie , Song Hengfei , Wang Xue
Published: March 2023

Terraces on the Loess Plateau play essential roles in soil conservation, as well as agricultural productivity in this region. However, due to the unavailability of high-resolution (<10 m) maps of terrace distribution for this area, current research on these terraces is limited to specific regions. We developed a deep learning-based terrace extraction model (DLTEM) using texture features of the terraces, which have not previously been applied regionally. The model utilizes the UNet++ deep learning network as its framework, with high-resolution satellite images, a digital elevation model, and GlobeLand30 as the interpreted data and topography and vegetation correction data sources, respectively, and incorporates manual correction to produce a 1.89 m spatial resolution terrace distribution map for the Loess Plateau (TDMLP). The accuracy of the TDMLP was evaluated using 11,420 test samples and 815 field validation points, yielding classification results of 98.39% and 96.93%, respectively. The TDMLP provides an important basis for further research on the economic and ecological value of terraces, facilitating the sustainable development of the Loess Plateau.
A radioanatomical study of 3rd segment terminal branches of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa
Authors: Lovász Kolos , Magyar Péter , Szalóki Tibor , Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Altdorfer Károly , Tamás László , Alpár Alán
Published: March 2023

This study describes the clinical anatomical topography and relationship of the terminal branches of the maxillary artery to the bony wall of the maxillary sinus in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) to estimate the bleeding risk during surgical interventions. Using contrasted computer tomography records, (i) the route of the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, (ii) the number of the arteries in the critical PPF surgery plane, (iii) the diameter of the largest artery in the area and (iv) its relation to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus were examined. Furthermore, measurements were extended with (v) the minerality of the bony posterior wall of the maxillary sinus on bone-window images. For statistical analyses Student’s t- and Fisher-test were applied. 50 patients (n = 50, 100 cases including both sides) were examined in this study. The maxillary artery reached the pterygomaxillary fissure on the lateral side of the lateral pterygoid muscle in 56% of the cases (n = 32), in 37% (n = 23) on its medial side and in 7% (n = 4) on both sides. The number of arteries at the level of the Vidian canal in the PPF varied between 1 and 4 with a median of 2. The diameter of the biggest branch was 1.2–4.7 mm, the median diameter was 1.90 mm. In 41% (n = 30) of the cases the biggest artery directly contacted the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, and the mineral density of the posterior wall was decreased in 14.3% (n = 12) of all investigated cases. The present description and statistical analysis of the vasculature of the PPF optimizes operative planning—like clip size or the type and direction of the surgical approach—in this hidden and deep head/neck region.
A cortical biomarker of audibility and processing efficacy in children with single-sided deafness using a cochlear implant
Authors: Yaar-Soffer Y. , Kaplan-Neeman R. , Greenbom T. , Habiballah S. , Shapira Y. , Henkin Y.
Published: March 2023

The goals of the current study were to evaluate audibility and cortical speech processing, and to provide insight into binaural processing in children with single-sided deafness (CHwSSD) using a cochlear implant (CI). The P1 potential to acoustically-presented speech stimuli (/m/, /g/, /t/) was recorded during monaural [Normal hearing (NH), CI], and bilateral (BIL, NH + CI) listening conditions within a clinical setting in 22 CHwSSD (mean age at CI/testing 4.7, 5.7 years). Robust P1 potentials were elicited in all children in the NH and BIL conditions. In the CI condition: (1) P1 prevalence was reduced yet was elicited in all but one child to at least one stimulus; (2) P1 latency was prolonged and amplitude was reduced, consequently leading to absence of binaural processing manifestations; (3) Correlation between P1 latency and age at CI/testing was weak and not significant; (4) P1 prevalence for /m/ was reduced and associated with CI manufacturer and duration of CI use. Results indicate that recording CAEPs to speech stimuli in clinical settings is feasible and valuable for the management of CHwSSD. While CAEPs provided evidence for effective audibility, a substantial mismatch in timing and synchrony of early-stage cortical processing between the CI and NH ear remains a barrier for the development of binaural interaction components.
Differences in all-cause mortality risk associated with animal and plant dietary protein sources consumption
Authors: Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Mohammadifard Noushin , Zakeri Parisa , Najafian Jamshid , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Roohafza Hamidreza , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: March 2023

The relationship between protein intake and mortality is still controversial. We prospectively examined the associations of dietary protein sources with all-cause mortality risk in the Isfahan cohort study (ICS). A total of 5431 participants, aged ≥ 35 years, were enrolled in the ICS, in 2001 and followed through 2013. The frequency of protein intakes from different sources was estimated through a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Any new case of death was recorded over the follow-up duration. Hazard ratio (HR)s and 95% confidence interval (CI)s were estimated through Cox proportional hazards regression models. During a median follow-up of 11.3 years, 483 deaths were documented. Higher intakes of plant proteins (HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46, 0.91) and animal proteins (HR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.13, 2.05) were associated with a decreased and increased risk of mortality, respectively. Additional adjustment for some mediators did not considerably affect the associations for animal protein (HR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.15, 2.09), whereas led to a tendency towards lower risk for plant protein in the top quintile compared with the bottom one (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.48, 0.95; P trend = 0.06). Among specific major sources, higher intakes of nuts and fish were associated with a 27% (95% CI 0.58, 0.93) and 21% (95% CI 0.62, 1.01) lower risk of mortality, respectively. The inverse association between plant protein and mortality risk might be mediated by some metabolic disorders. However, our results suggest an independent positive association for animal protein and all-cause mortality.
In vitro and in silico studies of 7′′,8′′-buddlenol D anti-inflammatory lignans from Carallia brachiata as p38 MAP kinase inhibitors
Authors: Nalinratana Nonthaneth , Suriya Utid , Laprasert Chanyanuch , Wisidsri Nakuntwalai , Poldorn Preeyaporn , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Limpanasitthikul Wacharee , Wu Ho-Cheng , Chang Hsun-Shuo , Chansriniyom Chaisak
Published: March 2023

Excessive macrophage activation induces the release of high levels of inflammatory mediators which not only amplify chronic inflammation and degenerative diseases but also exacerbate fever and retard wound healing. To identify anti-inflammatory molecules, we examined Carallia brachiata—a medicinal terrestrial plant from Rhizophoraceae. Furofuran lignans [(−)-(7′′R,8′′S)-buddlenol D (1) and (−)-(7′′S,8′′S)-buddlenol D (2)] isolated from the stem and bark inhibited nitric oxide (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 9.25 ± 2.69 and 8.43 ± 1.20 micromolar for 1 and 2, respectively) and prostaglandin E2 (IC50: 6.15 ± 0.39 and 5.70 ± 0.97 micromolar for 1 and 2, respectively) productions in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. From western blotting, 1 and 2 suppressed LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner (0.3–30 micromolar). Moreover, analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway showed decreased p38 phosphorylation levels in 1- and 2-treated cells, while phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK levels were unaffected. This discovery agreed with in silico studies which suggested 1 and 2 bound to the ATP-binding site in p38-alpha MAPK based on predicted binding affinity and intermolecular interaction docking. In summary, 7′′,8′′-buddlenol D epimers demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities via p38 MAPK inhibition and may be used as viable anti-inflammatory therapies.
A micromechanical study on the effects of precipitation on the mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys with various annealing temperatures
Authors: Huang Chang-Wei , Su Pei-Ying , Yu Chi-Hua , Wang Chia-Ling , Lo Yu-Chieh , Jang Jason Shian-Ching , Hu Hsuan-Teh
Published: March 2023

The CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys remain an active field over a decade owing to its excellent mechanical properties. However, the application of CoCrFeMnNi is limited because of the relatively low tensile strength. Here we proposed a micromechanical model which adopted from the theory of dislocation density to investigate the strengthening mechanisms of precipitation of chromium-rich non-equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi alloy. The microstructures of CoCrFeMnNi were obtained directly from SEM-BSE images with different annealing temperatures. The proposed framework is validated by comparing simulations with experiments of uniaxial tensile tests on the CoCrFeMnNi alloys under different annealing temperatures. The stress–strain curves indicate that the precipitate has greater influence on post-yield hardening than the initial yielding strength. In addition, we identified that the particle distribution, controlled by the average size of the particle and the volume fraction of precipitation, can significantly enhance the strengthening effect. The numerical results indicate that HEAs with a precipitate distribution closer to a normal distribution and with smaller average size will tend to have higher strength and ductility.
Crystal orientation-dependent tensile mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms of zinc-blende ZnSe nanowires
Authors: Islam A. S. M. Jannatul , Hasan Md. Sayed , Islam Md. Sherajul , Bhuiyan Ashraful G. , Stampfl Catherine , Park Jeongwon
Published: March 2023

Crystal deformation mechanisms and mechanical behaviors in semiconductor nanowires (NWs), in particular ZnSe NWs, exhibit a strong orientation dependence. However, very little is known about tensile deformation mechanisms for different crystal orientations. Here, the dependence of crystal orientations on mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of zinc-blende ZnSe NWs are explored using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the fracture strength of [111]-oriented ZnSe NWs shows a higher value than that of [110] and [100]-oriented ZnSe NWs. Square shape ZnSe NWs show greater value in terms of fracture strength and elastic modulus compared to a hexagonal shape at all considered diameters. With increasing temperature, the fracture stress and elastic modulus exhibit a sharp decrease. It is observed that the {111} planes are the deformation planes at lower temperatures for the [100] orientation; conversely, when the temperature is increased, the {100} plane is activated and contributes as the second principal cleavage plane. Most importantly, the [110]-directed ZnSe NWs show the highest strain rate sensitivity compared to the other orientations due to the formation of many different cleavage planes with increasing strain rates. The calculated radial distribution function and potential energy per atom further validates the obtained results. This study is very important for the future development of efficient and reliable ZnSe NWs-based nanodevices and nanomechanical systems.
Evaluation of the growth, adaption, and ecosystem services of two potentially-introduced urban tree species in Guangzhou under drought stress
Authors: Zhang Muhan , Ni Yuan , Li Mingwei
Published: March 2023

Under rapid urbanization and agglomeration of population, cities are facing various environmental challenges. As urban forests play a crucial role in mitigating native environmental problems and providing ecosystem services, cities might enhance their urban forest construction through multiple approaches, of which the introduction of exotic tree species could be an effective way. Under the background of constructing a high-quality forest city, Guangzhou was considering introducing a series of exotic tree species to improve the local urban greening, among which Tilia cordata Mill. and Tilia tomentosa Moench became the potential objects. As Guangzhou was reported to experience higher temperatures with less precipitation and face drought events with increasing frequency and intensity, whether the two tree species could survive in the dry environment required to be investigated profoundly. Thus, we launched a drought-simulation experiment and measured their above- and below-ground growth in 2020. In addition, their ecosystem services were also simulated and evaluated for their future adaption. Furthermore, a congeneric native tree species Tilia miqueliana Maxim was also measured in the same experiment as a comparison. Our results showed that Tilia miqueliana exhibited moderate patterns of growth and advantages in evapotranspiration and cooling. Besides, its investment in root development at horizontal level could account for its special strategy against drought stress. Tilia tomentosa’s vigorous root growth could be the most positive behavior of coping with water deficit, which explained its maintenance of carbon fixation and implied a well adaption. Tilia cordata showed a complete decrease in above- and below-ground growth, especially for its fine root biomass. In addition, its ecosystem services were significantly reduced, reflecting a comprehensive failure when it faced a long-term scarcity of water. Therefore, it was necessary to supply sufficient water and under-ground space for their living in Guangzhou, especially for Tilia cordata. In the future, long-time observation of their growth under different stresses can be practical approaches to amplify their multiple ecosystem services.