bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phenomenological exploration of brief art therapy through folding two-dimensional drawings created by an adult population
Authors:   , Miller Yurika , Gerber Nancy E.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of individuals engaged in a paper-folding technique that might be adapted as a brief art therapy approach. The paper-folding technique in this study included the use of a drawing that was generated by the individual and then folded. In the art therapy context, the drawing was designed to express the thoughts and feelings of the individual. The premise of this study was based upon establishing the compatibility between the folding process and a brief art therapy approach. The parallel exists in the philosophy of brief therapy in which the ego supportive approach results in the covering over of unconscious material. Because there was no literature that systematically addresses paper-folding techniques as an art therapy process and since brief therapy was often the mode used for acutely psychiatrically ill hospitalized individuals, a study of this nature contributes to the adaptation of art therapy techniques to brief therapy approaches. The research design used in this study was phenomenological. Phenomenology allows for the emergence of an in-depth lived experience related to the phenomenon being studied (Creswell, 2003). Five healthy adult participants were recruited for this study. Each participant was asked to create a free drawing for 20 minutes, and to respond to an interview about the experience. He or she was asked to choose one folded shape from a group of three examples prepared by the co-investigator. Then, he or she followed the directions the co-investigator provided. After the participant completed thefolding process, the co-investigator conducted the second interview. The data gathered from this study provided normative data about the in-depth lived experience of participating in this art process. Collected data included the processes of drawing and paper folding, and in depth, open-ended responsive interviews. The data was analyzed using the phenomenological method, which included the steps of epoche, bracketing, horizonalization of significant statements, clustering statements into meaning units, developing textural description and imaginative variations. The result of these data analysis processes was the structural synthesis, which was composed of the essence of the lived experience of the phenomenon (Creswell, 2003). All participants were able to complete a free drawing and folded the drawing created. Based on the analysis of the data, essential structures were identified regarding the participant' experiences in folding their own drawing. Essential structures emerging from the data included evoking memories, the reflection, the denial, the creating art work with free association and emergence, the relief from anxiety and covering over the drawing in the folding.
A Dance/Movement Therapy Clinical Model for the Treatment of School Aged Children Who are Victims of Sexual Abuse
Authors:   , Converse Tara Elisabeth , Goodill Sherry W.
Published: July 2021

This literature based study was a review of theoretical, practice, and research literature regarding the effects of sexual abuse on children and their subsequent treatment. The review was focused on psychotherapy literature that addressed the trauma of sexual abuse specifically and other forms of childhood trauma. Foundational models for using dance/movement therapy (DMT) to treat abuse in children were developed in the 1980's during an increased societal awareness of this problem. An explosion of research and literature in many fields since the 1980's, was directed toward understanding and treating this population. In addition to the work done in DMT, much of the literature by other professionals recommended using body-based treatment approaches. However, there were updated DMT models for treating sexually abused children that incorporated recent literature and research in other psychotherapy fields. The objective of this research study was to create a comprehensive DMT clinical model for therapy with children who were victims of sexual abuse. Based on preliminary literature review, the model was directed toward a long term, group therapy format for school aged children, approximately 6-12 years of age. The literature review was focused on the past ten years however foundational sources were reviewed to provide a context for recent developments in the field. Relevant information from all sources was abstracted and organized into four review matrices (Matrix 1-3 non-DMT, Matrix 4DMT): 1) Effects in sexually abused or otherwise traumatized children, 2) Treatment concerns and overall guidelines for therapy, 3) Specific treatment models and methods, and 4) DMT methods for treatment of sexually abused or otherwise traumatized children and adult survivors of trauma including childhood sexual abuse. An analysis of matrices1-3 identified the central effects observed in therapy with this population and the key treatment techniques used. The selected effects and treatment techniques were synthesized into eight essential treatment categories. An analysis of Matrix 4 was completed to summarize supporting DMT techniques for use with abused children. These DMT treatment concepts and other DMT theory and practice information were used to create a clinical DMT model to address the eight treatment categories within three phase format; beginning, middle and ending treatment phases. The model was presented as full text and in a summarized table format. The model can be adapted for short term therapy and specific categories can be selected based on the needs and progress of children in therapy. This model can be effectively used by dance/movement therapists and other psychotherapists. This literature review and completed model provides strong support for DMT as a primary tool to help sexually abused children regain their sense of self and progress toward becoming healthy adults.
Exploring the Relationship Between Defense Mechanisms and Drawing Characteristics
Authors:   , Engelhardt Frederick John , Gerber Nancy E.
Published: July 2021

Defense mechanisms are unconscious mental processes that protect an individualfrom experiencing anxiety resulting from the perceived threat of internal or externalstress. Defense mechanisms are important to clinical practice in understandingpersonality dynamics, identifying preferred modes of coping, tailoring treatmentplanning, and refining diagnostic impressions. Defense mechanisms within the context ofthe current managed care culture are not generally assessed. The purpose of this studywas to examine the relationship between an individual's use of defense mechanisms andthe characteristics of his/her drawing in order to inform art therapy assessment. Seven participants were recruited to participate in the study. Each participantdrew a Person Picking an Apple from a Tree (PPAT) drawing and completed the DefenseStyle Questionnaire - 40 (DSQ - 40). The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS)was used to measure the graphic variables of the PPAT drawings. The scores from theDSQ-40 and the FEATS were correlated. The results demonstrated that the defense ofHumor correlated positively with the FEATS variables of Logic, Integration,Perseveration, Rotation, Problem Solving, Line Quality, and Developmental Level. Thedefense of Rationalization correlated positively with the FEATS variable of PerseverationThe defense of Pseudo-altruism exhibited a positive correlation with the FEATSvariables of Integration, Space, Problem Solving, Realism, and Developmental Level. Negative correlations between DSQ - 40 scores and FEATS scores were also studied. The defense of Displacement displayed a negative correlation with the FEATS variablesof Logic, Color Fit, Rotation, Person, and Line Quality while the defense of Devaluationexhibited a negative correlation with the FEATS variables of Perseveration, Rotation, andLine Quality. Additionally, participants scoring High on the overall Mature defensefactor drew figures picking an apple from a tree differently than participants who did notscore high on the Mature defense factor. The study was not able to draw strong correlations between individual defensemechanisms and FEATS categories in a way that would allow art therapists the ability toequate certain styles of drawing with a specific defense. This study did however suggest adifference in the drawings of individuals who utilize more mature defensive processesand is able to provide clinicians with data that may be useful in evaluating an individual'sawareness of support and ability to cope and problem solve. Future study may continue tofocus on qualitative differences in the artwork of individuals utilizing more maturedefensive processes versus those who utilize more immature defensive processes.
The role of business process capabilities and market-based assets in creating customer value and superior performance
Authors:   , Dickinson J. Barry , Anderson Rolph Ely
Published: July 2021

The expense of implementing marketing strategies has always been classified as a cost to the firm. However, recent research has demonstrated these costs might be more appropriately viewed as investments in creating assets. The present research augments the growing body of research examining the interface between the marketing and financial departments. The model is grounded in the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. The RBV postulates that firms must posses certain assets and deploy them successfully to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Specifically, the role marketing assets (relational and intellectual) play in creating customer value, SCA and, firm performance is examined. One of the criticisms of the RBV is also addressed--demonstrating a linkage between an endogenous variable (assets) and an exogenous variable (competitive advantage). Additionally, three core business processes are examined: customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM) and product innovation management (PIM). In the RBV, these processes can be viewed as strategic, interrelated capabilities. Marketing managers have substantial influence over these inter-functional processes. It is posited that a linear relationship exists between market-based assets and customer value, SCA and performance. The model is empirically tested with data collected in a business-to-business context. Data is collected from both sides of the buyer-seller dyad. In general, the results were very positive. Support was found for nine of the eleven hypotheses examined. Support was found for the relationship between market-based assets and customer perceived value and competitive advantage; human resource assets and competitive advantage; SCM, CRM and PIM capabilities and customer perceived value (both individually as well as collectively as a block); customer perceived value and competitive advantage; and competitive advantage and performance. Support was not found for the moderating role of BPC between the relationship between market-based assets and customer value nor the mediating role of Human Resource Assets between market-based assets and competitive advantage.
Ruthenium(II) complexes of multidentate thioether and amine ligands
Authors:   , Reeves GorDan T. , Addison Anthony William
Published: July 2021

Several ruthenium(II) complexes of thioether and amine ligands with heterocyclic aromatic ligands have been synthesized and characterized through several physical techniques. X-ray crystallography shows that the Ru(II) complexes are hexacoordinate and of octahedral geometry. The Ru(II) thioether complexes are of the general formula [Ru(L1)(L2)]2+, in which L1 is a tetradentate, pyridine-containing thioether ligand and L2 is a heterocyclic diimine or triimine. The Ru(II) amine complexes make use of the simple amine ligands, Tren (Tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine) and Dien (Bis-(2-aminoethyl)amine). Both the thioether and amine complexes show high redox potentials and strong absorption in the UV-visible range. Additionally, many of these complexes display strong emission in which can be fine tuned through the use of different heterocyclic amines.
A predictive model for vocational outcome in patients with low-grade brain tumors
Authors:   , Lowry Jody Beth , Chute Douglas L.
Published: July 2021

Despite advances in survival and longevity in the low-grade brain tumor population, this study is the first to focus on vocational outcome, and presents two accomplishments. First, this study developed and piloted a survey to standardize a comprehensive measure of vocational outcome for this, and other, neurological populations. Second, this is the initial report of predictors of vocational outcome in the low-grade brain tumor population. Specifically, the current study examined the predictive validity of tumor-related, functional, and social factors for vocational outcome with regard to whether or not one returns to work and the amount of leave taken from work prior to returning. The results implicate a multidimensional model for both outcomes. Specifically, being male, not having radiation therapy, lower levels of fatigue, better performance on measures of complex attention and processing speed, and not having a posterior tumor location were most predictive of return to work, correctly classifying employment status for 85% of the cases at one year following diagnosis and surgery. Similarly, being male, not having radiation therapy, lower levels of fatigue, and better performance on complex attention and processing speed explained 35% of the variance in time to return to work. By one year post baseline, 80% of the sample (n=67) was employed, returning in an average of eight weeks. Moreover, the majority of subjects (72%) reported no changes in work status or productivity at one year, and the remaining subjects who indicated change were equally as likely to report negative changes as positive changes, suggesting overall stability in return to work profiles. However, qualitative analysis revealed a trend in reduction in responsibilities and hours worked per week upon re-entering the workforce that rebounded to baseline productivity at one year. Data obtained from the vocational survey remain exploratory due to limited sample size, but support the notion that employment is viewed as a primary role that adds meaning to one's livelihood. Nonetheless, the vocational survey affords advances in the development of a systematic measure of vocational outcome, with the ultimate goal of standardizing an instrument to be used for research purposes and to inform clinical practice.
Pore-size ion-size correlations for carbon supercapacitors
Authors:   , Chmiola John , Gogotsi Yury
Published: July 2021

Carbon supercapacitors, which are energy storage devices that use ion adsorption on the surface of highly porous materials to store charge, have numerous advantages over other power-source technologies, but could realize further gains if their electrodes were properly optimized. This could lead to fleet-wide improvements in economy, performance, lifetime and environmental impact of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), as well as enable or advance many other applications. To determine correlations between ion-size and pore-size in carbon supercapacitors, we generated a well-characterized set of porous carbide-derived carbons (CDC) with average pore sizes from 0.6 to 2.25 nm and used them to probe the limits of understanding. Performing the first systematic study of the effect of pore size on capacitance showed that, in general, decreasing the pore size below the size of the solvated ion, or to precisely the size of the ionic liquid ion, allowed higher accumulation of charge. Using CDC with properly tuned porosity showed excellent performance in H₂SO4, ~200 F/g, andperformance superior to all prior reported results in organic (CH3CH2)4NBF4 (TEABF4) electrolytes as well as 1-ethyl-3-methyl immidazolium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI) ionic liquid, ~150 F/g. This work conclusively showed that precisely matching the pore size with the ion size is the key factor for maximizing capacitance. Understanding that pores significantly larger than the effective ion size do not have large contributions to energy storage, work on dense porous CDC films on conductive substrates showed ~100% larger volumetric capacitance than any previously reported. Depositing patterned films of carbide and electrical contacts could lead to microfabricated energy storage devices directly on a chip, or built up in layers for performances yet unrealized.
Acceptance-based intervention to promote HIV medication adherence
Authors:   , Moitra Ethan , Herbert James D.
Published: July 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health concern. Although effective pharmacological treatments, such as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been developed and implemented, a significant number of adults with HIV in the U.S. do not maintain adherence at adequate levels for treatment to work. The data suggest HIV medications should be taken 90% of the time or more, though typically Americans with HIV take their medications 60% to 70% of the time. Although some promising results have been shown using traditional cognitive-behavior therapies, an acceptance-based approach to HAART adherence may be preferable in this population because of the significant role played by denial. We compared treatment-as-usual to treatment-as-usual plus an acceptance-based intervention for increasing HAART adherence in a predominantly minority, low socio-economic status sample of 31 uninsured adults in a large metropolitan community primary care clinic. Results revealed no differences in the interventions on self-rated measures of adherence. However, patients in the acceptance-based group showed greater improvements in CD4 level gains over time relative to those who received treatment-as-usual. Secondary analyses revealed that baseline anxiety and baseline mindful acceptance predicted adherence at follow-up. These data suggest that acceptance-based strategies are promising tools for increasing adherence to HAART among HIV-positive persons. Future studies with larger samples are needed to expand upon these results, including adapting the intervention to an individual treatment format.
The effects of soil organic matter heterogeneity on equilibrium sorption by soils and sediments
Authors:   , Xiao Baohua , Huang Weilin , Kilham Susan Soltau
Published: July 2021

Sorption of nonionic hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) by soil is a phase distribution process in which HOCs are preferentially accumulated in naturally-occurring soil/sediment organic mater (SOM). The goal of this study was to identify and characterize which SOM component dominates the nonlinear and competitive sorption commonly observed for soils and sediments. I selected five different soils and sediments collected from relatively polluted areas. Different types of SOM were isolated from each sample, and were quantified and characterized using different physicochemical means. These isolated SOM fractions and the five original samples were used as the sorbents. Phenanthrene and naphthalene were selected as the target HOCs for examining single solute and bisolute sorption equilibria. The major findings include the following three aspects. Firstly, distinct nonlinear and competitive sorption equilibria were observed for all the sorbents. The results indicate that the particulate SOM (black carbon and kerogen) makes the major contributions to the overall nonlinear and competitive sorption exhibited by the bulk soils and sediments. Our finding that black carbon and kerogen are equally important in the nonlinear and competitive sorption is very different from the recent studies that described black carbon as the dominant SOM component but ignored the contribution from kerogen. Secondly, the results show that the sorption on humic acid (HA) is relatively less nonlinear with lower sorption capacities and that the solute-solute competition is comparably insignificant for HA. The less important role of HA in the overall sorption by soils is largely due to its low content in soils. This finding is surprisingly unexpected and is very different from a textbook notion that HA would be the major component of SOM and would be primarily responsible for the HOC sorption. Lastly, the results further revealed that the competitive sorption is not only a function of SOM heterogeneous properties, but is also depended up the loading sequence of the coexisting HOC solutes. When preloaded on a soil, the HOCs with larger molecular sizes may occupy the pore network, blocking a fraction of micropores with sizes smaller than the sorbates, lowering sorption capacities for incoming HOCs of smaller sizes.
Toward a better understanding of the development of overweight
Authors:   , Thomas John Graham , Lowe Michael R.
Published: July 2021

Obesogenic eating behavior is driven by a combination of person-specific factors (e.g., individual differences in physiology and attitudes towards food & eating) and environmental factors (e.g., type and amount of foods available). This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) via palmtop computers to collect real-time information about participants' environment, attitudes, and eating patterns to predict overeating (i.e., greater than usual intake during routine meals/snacks, and eating outside of a participant's normal routine) that could lead to weight gain. The EMA was completed by 43 women of normal weight, who denied any history of an eating disorder. Participants carried a palmtop computer for 7-10 days, which prompted them six times daily to answer questions about eating episodes, including the number of high-calorie foods in the environment, episodes of overeating, and fluctuations in restraint (as measured by efforts to eat less often, less portions, and fewer fattening foods). On average, 29.8% of eating episodes were characterized by self-identified overeating. Hierarchical linear models showed that BMI interacted with the number of high-calorie foods available in the environment to predict the occurrence of overeating (p = .035). Specifically, for individuals with a higher BMI, the probability of overeating was low in the absence of high-calorie foods, but quickly increased as the number of high-calorie foods available increased. For all participants, on days in which overeating occurred, dietary restraint was significantly higher after overeating than before. A significant nonlinear trend in dietary restraint was observed (p = .019), such that restraint began to increase gradually in the hours prior to self-identified overeating, and accelerated as the episode of overeating approached. Restraint reached a peak several hours after overeating. Reminiscent of Schachter's early work, the eating behavior of heavier individuals is susceptible to environmental cues. Also, dietary restraint appears to have a complex relationship with overeating in that it is unclear whether restraint leads to or results from bouts of over-consumption. In sum, healthy weight control may be facilitated by limiting high-calorie foods in the immediate environment, and by encouraging healthy dietary restraint.
Exploiting external/domain knowledge to enhance traditional text mining using graph-based methods
Authors:   , Zhang Xiaodan , Hu Xiaohua
Published: July 2021

Finding the best way to utilize external/domain knowledge to enhance traditional text mining has been a challenging task. The difficulty centers on the lack of means in representing a document with external/domain knowledge integrated. Graphs are and versatile tools, useful in various subfields of science and engineering for their simple illustration of complicated problems. However, the graph-based approach on knowledge representation and discovery remains relatively unexplored. In this thesis, I propose a graph-based text mining system to incorporate semantic knowledge, document section knowledge, document linkage knowledge, and document category knowledge into the tasks of text clustering and topic analysis. I design a novel term-level graph knowledge representation and a graph-based clustering algorithm to incorporate semantic and document section knowledge for biomedical literature clustering and topic analysis. I present a Markov Random Field (MRF) with a Relaxation Labeling (RL) algorithm to incorporate document linkage knowledge. I evaluate different types of linkage among documents, including explicit linkage such as hyperlink and citation link, implicit linkage such as coauthor link and co-citation link, and pseudo linkage such as similarity link. I develop a novel semantic-based method to integrate Wikipedia concepts and categories external knowledge into traditional document clustering. In order to support these new approaches, I develop two automated algorithms to extract multiword phrases and ontological concepts, respectively. The evaluations of news collection, web dataset, andbiomedical literature prove the effectiveness of the proposed methods. In the experiment of document clustering, the proposed term-level graph-based method not only outperforms the baseline k-means algorithm in all configurations but is superior in terms of efficiency. The MRF-based algorithm significantly improves spherical k-means and model-based k-means clustering on the datasets containing explicit or implicit linkage; the Wikipedia knowledge-based clustering also improves the document-content-only-based clustering. On the task of topic analysis, the proposed presentation, sub graph detection, and graph ranking algorithm can effectively identify corpus-level topic terms and cluster-level topic terms.
Uniform dielectric barrier discharge with nanosecond pulse excitation for biomedical applications
Authors:   , Ayan Halim , Friedman Gary G. , Fridman Alexander A.
Published: July 2021

For some period of time the use of plasma in medicine has been limited to thermal discharges for cauterization and dissection. The effects of thermal plasma on tissue are entirely related to local heating. Non-thermal plasma, on the other hand, can have many different modes of interaction with tissue. It has been recently demonstrated that direct treatment of smooth surfaces by non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in air is highly effective in killing pathogens. Moreover, DBD can create different sub-lethal and selective effects. These results hold significant promise for medical applications such as sterilization of wound surfaces. However, a typical DBD in air can be highly non-uniform, particularly on topographically non-uniform surfaces such as in most living tissues. This creates significant limitations for use of DBDs in wound care and other biomedical applications. In this thesis, a novel non-thermal plasma system, namely nanosecondpulsed DBD, has been developed and investigated to address this important limitation. Nanosecond-pulsed DBD is shown to be uniform in air at atmosphericpressure and much more effective in killing bacteria than conventional DBDs, particularly on topographically non-uniform surfaces. Thus, this new plasma system is potentially convenient for in vivo and hospital sterilization cases.
Determination of the electrospinning parameters for biopolyelectrolytes and their modifications
Authors:   , Schiffman Jessica D. , Schauer Caroline L.
Published: July 2021

The second most abundant naturally occurring, organic material, chitin, is a high molecular weight linear polymer; when N-deacetylated, the polyelectrolyte chitosan, is obtained. Each repeat unit of chitosan, as well as other polyelectrolytic biopolymers contain a charged atom, balanced by a cloud of counterions in solution. These charges and batch-to-batch variability make biopolymers challenging to work with; however, their renewable nature and inherent properties such as antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and chelation capability make them ideal candidates for a variety of applications. We have successfully electrospun the practical-grade (PG) of chitin and chitosan, along with a variety of biopolymer-composites into fibrous membranes. To increase the chemical stability of chitosan membranes, two novel cross-linking methods were developed and confirmed utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical stability studies. Flux capacity, mechanical properties, chelation capability, and crystallinity were analyzed using a flow cell, uniaxial tensile tester, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Three major impacts of this work include: (1) a full analysis of the transformation of PG chitin and PG chitosan throughout the electrospinning process, (2) identification and tailoring of the mechanical and electrical properties of chitosan membranes, and (3) applying knowledge gained from the chitosan system to increase the catalog of known biopolyelectrolytes, which could be electrospun into fibrous membranes.
A comparative performance analysis of the phase recovery algorithm for microstructure reconstruction
Authors:   , Kurpad Anupama Shankar , Johnson Jeremy Russell , Nagvajara Prawat
Published: July 2021

This thesis explores the high-performance implementation of a phase recovery algorithm for microstructure reconstruction of materials. Implementations on a variety of high-performance computing platforms, including multi-core and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), were investigated and compared. The phase recovery algorithm is an iterative process requiring multiple Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) computations each iteration. In order to achieve high-performance, it is necessary to use highly optimized fast Fourier transform (FFT) code to compute the DFTs. In our investigation, several FFT libraries, including FFTW, the Intel R Math Kernel Library (MKL), the CUFFT library for the NVIDIAR GPU, and the SPIRAL generated code, were used and compared. The SPIRAL system provides an extensible framework for generating and automatically optimizing implementations of DSP (digital signal processing) algorithms described using mathematical formulas, and is the most extensible of the platforms investigated here. The phas recovery algorithm intersperses FFT computations with point-wise computations, and while the FFTs are the dominant computation, the point-wise operations can have a significant impact on the overall performance. Therefore, simply relying on the performance of an optimized FFT library is insufficient to obtain optimal performance. Unlike the FFTW, MKL, and CUFFT libraries, the SPIRAL system allows the FFTs to be combined with the point-wise operations and the entire algorithm to be optimized. In this thesis, we obtained a mathematical formula representing the phase recovery algorithm that can be incorporated into the SPIRAL framework and utilize SPIRAL's parallel and vector code generation and optimization facilities. The SPIRAL code generated in this thesis is sequential. We estimate that with a vectorized and parallelized SPIRAL implementation, it is possible to obtain a 1.5-fold speedup for two-dimensional (2D) phase recovery and 1.88-fold speed up for 3D phase recovery over the MKL implementation.
Young eyewitnesses
Authors:   , Huneycutt Dominique , Bersoff Donald N.
Published: July 2021

The Young Eyewitnesses research study examined the relationship between lineup type (Lineup Present, Lineup Absent), experimental condition (Training, Control) and response accuracy (correct, incorrect, and Don't Know responses) for children ages 3 years through 8 years. Children watched a video depicting a picnic scene in which a woman steals a camera. After a distractor task, children were provided with general instructions and demonstrations regarding lineups, including specific instructions about Don't Know and Not Here response options. The children assigned to the training condition then made identifications from six lineup arrays of photographs of men. The rest of the children engaged in a card game (using the photographs of the men). All children then viewed the main lineup array, consisting of six photographs of women, a Don't Know card, and a Not Here card. Children's comprehension monitoring was assessed through a referential communication task. Lineup type had a significant effect on accuracy when response accuracy was measured at three levels (correct, incorrect, and Don't Know) but not when accuracy was collapsed to two levels (correct, incorrect). Training had no impact on response accuracy within the Lineup Present condition; it neither increased nor decreased the proportions of correct responses. In the Lineup Absent condition, there was a significant effect of training on response accuracy. The proportion of correct responses was significantly higher for children in the Training group as compared to those in the Control group. In the Lineup Absent condition, there was a significant interaction between response accuracy and age (coded as a dichotomous categorical variable, with children ages 3 years through 5 years as one level and children ages 6 years through 8 years as the other), with the proportion of correct responses for the younger children significantly greater than the proportion of correct responses for the older children. Training did not have any observed negative impact on identification responses and, in the Lineup Absent condition, improved response accuracy. Implications for police and other personnel involved in working with child eyewitnesses and suggestions for continued research are discussed.
Mobile intelligent tutoring system
Authors:   , Brown Quincy , Lee Frank J. , Salvucci Dario D.
Published: July 2021

The prominence of computers in the 21st Century has caused educators to reexamine the needs of today's K-12 students. The proposed 21st Century Skills center on the use of technology and thus millions of students are unable fully to master these skills due to their minimal access to technology. The Digital Divide, a correlation between an individual's access to technology and their socio-economic status, is poised to prevent large segments of society from advancing and thriving in this technology based economy. One proposed solution to this lack of computing resources lay in the transformation of mobile devices, like cell phones, from single-purpose communication tools to multipurpose computing resources. The smaller scale of mobile devices mandates the design of mobile learning applications be more than miniature desktop learning applications. Whether the applications are based on existing desktop applications or presenting new paradigms of learning activities there are human-computer-interaction and education concerns to address. This thesis describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a complete mobile intelligent tutoring system (ITS). The research questions investigated address the design and evaluation of the implemented system. To answer first question, "How might the design of an ITS be adapted for delivery on a mobile device?" a set of general mobile ITS guidelines is described. To answer the second question, "Can a mobile ITS provide learning gains greater than traditional instructional activities?" data was gathered from a controlled study to compare the performance of students using the mobile ITS with those who did not. These data reveal that students using the mobile ITS achieved gains greater than students receiving standard instruction. The third question, "What teaching strategy best supports a mobile ITS?", is answered through data gathered from the comparison of two teaching strategies, long and short. These data suggest that the long strategy, in which students are required to calculate the final answer to the problem, best facilitates student performance gains. This thesis lays the foundation for future research that explores the delivery of intelligent tutoring systems off the desktop as well as for research in methods of transforming desktop learning applications for mobile devices.
Analysis of an inventory system with product perishability and substitution
Authors:   , Myers Bret Rothschild , Banerjee Avijit
Published: July 2021

This thesis focuses on some inventory management policies for substitutable and perishable items under demand uncertainty. A set of perishable products with fixed shelf lives is considered under an (R,Si) system of inventory control where demand for a preferred product can be satisfied by a substitute product with a known probability, in the event of a stockout of the preferred product. While taking demand substitution and product expiration into account, the retailer is faced with the decision of determining the order-up-to level, Si, for each product i which maximizes expected total profit, given a common review period, R, determined exogenously. Under demand uncertainty, the problem detailed in this thesis involves stochastic optimization. An exact closed form expression, however, for expected profits becomes difficult for certain parameter values involving product shelf-life, product substitution, and lead time. As an alternative approach, order replenishment, demand consumption, substitution, and product expiration can be effectively modeled using discrete-event simulation. Through a discrete-event simulation model, each realization of the profit function can be evaluated for a selected value of Si, and a mean profit value can be estimated after a number of replications of a simulation run. In order to find the best Si solution, the technique of simulation-optimization is used. This thesis also examines the impact of key parameters such as substitution characteristics, shelf-life, cost structure, lead time, and number of products on the choice of inventory issuing policy on both the optimal Si levels and corresponding mean profit values. Through a factorial experimental design, the effects of these parameters on system performance are analyzed. In addition, heuristics are proposed and tested in order to provide managers with a convenient set of rules for determining near-optimal Si values in practice.
Compressive behavior of kinking nonlinear elastic solids
Authors:   , Zhen Tiejun , Barsoum Michel W. , Kalidindi Surya
Published: July 2021

Dislocation-based deformation in crystalline solids is almost always plastic. Once dislocations are generated they entangle and render the process irreversible. In our recent work we show that this does not apply to a new class of materials, best characterized as kinking nonlinear elastic (KNE) solids. KNE solids include the MAX phases, mica, graphite, boron nitride, so called nonlinear mesoscopic elastic (NME) solids discussed in geological literature and most probably ice. The MAX phases are a new class of layered machinable ternary carbides and nitrides, with the chemical formula M_[n+1]AX_n, where M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element (mostly IIIA and IVA) and X is C or N. The compressive loading-unloading stress-strain curves of KNE solids in the elastic regime outline nonlinear, fully reversible, reproducible, rate-independent, closed hysteresis loops whose shape and extent of energy dissipated are strongly influenced by grain size with the energy dissipated being significantly larger in the coarse-grained material. This unique property is attributed to the formation and annihilation of incipient kink bands (IKBs), defined to be thin plates of sheared material bounded by opposite walls of dislocations. As long as the dislocation walls remain attached, the response is fully reversible. Furthermore, because the dislocations are confined to the basal planes work hardening does not occur and the dislocations can move reversibly over relatively large distances. This kind of dislocation motion renders KNE solids potentially high damping material. The loss factor for Ti₃SiC₂, a prime member of KNE solids, is higher than most woods, and comparable to polypropylene and nylon. At higher temperatures or stress, since the IKB dissociate and coalesce to form regular irreversible kink bands. The close hystesis loops are open, the response is strain-rate dependent, and cyclic hardening is observed even at 1200 oC
The Experience of Younger Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer Involved in Dance/Movement Therapy with Regards to Body Image and Sexuality
Authors:   , Pilarski Diana Jean , Goodill Sherry W.
Published: July 2021

This mixed method, multiple case study, explored the experience of younger women diagnosed with breast cancer involved in dance/movement therapy (DMT) regarding body image and sexuality. A breast cancer diagnosis and its treatment side effects have a significant impact on an individuals' view of body image and sexuality, especially among younger women. Prior research in the field of DMT, has studied psychological and physical effects the therapy may provide for the breast cancer population. Currently, there are no published studies examining a woman's experience of DMT, or how her experience relates to emotional, cognitive and physical functioning. Nor has prior research used objective, subjective and observational measures to study specifically, the experience of body image and/or sexuality in younger women per se. The present study attempts to fill a gap in research, by including both objective and subjective data, as well as cross correlating movement data with other measures. Using a mixed methods design is important because it allows the researcher to gather more information to create an overall, deeper understanding of the phenomena being studied. Two 42-year-old women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer participated in a two-day, DMT workshop. Each workshop day was four hours long and included body image and sexuality-specific interventions. A pre and post workshop self-report and observation using the Serlin Kinaesthetic Imagery Profile (SKIP) Part I and Part II scalewere used to gather information concerning body image. Journaling and field notes were used to gather information about both individual's experience of DMT, body image and sexuality. The two individual cases were analyzed for similarities and contrasts between the SKIP Part I, the SKIP Part II, journal entries and field notes. Cross case comparison showed that both participants shared similar as well as unique experiences related to body image, sexuality, DMT and related constructs.
Quantitative biopharmaceutical applications of capillary electrophoresis
Authors:   , Zhang Junge , Foley Joe Preston
Published: July 2021

Various modes of capillary electrophoresis offer numerous possibilities for biopharmaceutical analysis. Chapter 2 studied capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for characterization of glycoprotein erythropoietin by its isoform distribution. The CZE method for identification of recombinant human erythropoietin described in the European Pharmacopoeia has shown poor reproducibility. In this study, it was found that the root cause of the irreproducibility was due to inadequate capillary conditioning. The method was optimized to make it more robust and suitable for quality control laboratory for analysis of epoetin alfa. Further, a procedure for removal of polysorbate 80 from formulated epoetin alfa was developed, allowing the material to be analyzed using the modified CZE method. Chapter 3 describes a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for the determination of residual cell culture media components including folic acid, hypoxanthine, mycophenolic acid, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, and xanthine. Acceptable limits of detection and quantitation were obtained. The MEKC method was compared to the corresponding CZE method using the same running buffer containing no sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The effect of SDS concentration on separation, the pH of the running buffer, and the detection wavelength were studied and optimal MEKC conditions were established. Chapter 4 describes a capillary SDS gel electrophoresis method for purity and impurity analysis of monoclonal antibodies. The study investigated the effect of sample buffer pH, incubation temperature and duration, alkylation conditions with iodoacetamide, and reduction conditions with 2-mercaptoethanol. It was observed that the sample buffer at slight acidic conditions (pH 5.5-6.5) greatly decreased thermally induced fragmentation of non-reduced CNTO3157. As such, a citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 was used for sample preparation to replace the commonly used Beckman sample buffer (pH 9.0). Chapter 5 details an investigation of the effect of sample injection length on efficiency and detection sensitivity enhancement in MEKC using the sweeping technique under conditions of suppressed electroosmotic flow. The relationship between injection length and retention factor was derived and experimentally confirmed. A method for predicting the optimal injection length for a given analyte was developed.
A Phenomenological Exploration of the Lived Experience of Mothers Recovering from Substance Use Disorders as They Participate in a Time-Limited Art Therapy Group
Authors:   , Bender Amy Elizabeth , Gerber Nancy E.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of mothersrecovering from substance use disorders as they participated in a time-limited art therapygroup. Mothers with substance use disorders (SUDs) face differing stressors, barriers totreatment, and treatment needs, than those of males or childless women. This study wasdesigned to explore how mothers experience their SUDs as expressed through the arttherapy process with the goal of creating a better understanding of the psychological andpsychosocial phenomena that contribute to the mothers' experience of substance use. The study was conducted at an outpatient substance use disorders treatmentcenter. The study was initially intended for five participants, between the ages of 18 and65, who were mothers with substance use disorders. Five participants were recruited;however three mothers withdrew during the course of the study due to personal issues. The data were collected via two simulated group art therapy sessions, individual openendedresponsive interviews, and followed by a telephone validation interview. The data were analyzed using a qualitative phenomenological methodology asoutlined by Moustakas (1994). The major findings included four composite essentialstructures which were: (1) creation and verbalization of artwork revealed the participants'struggles with an ambivalent sense of self or poor self-concepts and the need to seekapproval from others; (2) an underlying sense of deprivation and loss and a simultaneouspreoccupation with attempts to fill the void from external sources; (3) creation anddiscussion of the artwork allowed for open expression and identification ofuncomfortable or painful thoughts and feelings despite defenses used against suchfeelings; (4) objectification gained by creating and discussing artwork led toconcretization of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding past memories as well asfuture goals which increased self-awareness, leading towards internalization andacceptance of artwork as an extension of self. The implications of this study include clinical applications and recommendationsfor future research based upon the resulting composite essential structures. The clinicalapplications incorporate suggestions for art therapy assessment and treatment approachesthat emerged from the analysis of the data. Recommendations for future research includefollow up studies on the clinical art therapy applications and the integration of art therapyin the substance use disorder treatment team.