bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding challenges and support in a high initiation population
Authors: Zimmerman Deena R. , Kaplan Michael , Shoob Hanna , Freisthler Marlaina , Toledano Monique , Stein-Zamir Chen
Published: September 2022

Background

The breastfeeding initiation rate in Israel is approximately 90%, yet exclusive breastfeeding drops sharply in the early postnatal period. The study objective was to assess early postpartum professional breastfeeding support, its association with breastfeeding success and identification of risk factors for early breastfeeding discontinuation.

Methods

As part of a post-discharge newborn follow-up study, a convenience sample of 868 mothers attending Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCHCs) up to three months post-partum were interviewed using a 26-item questionnaire. Breastfeeding-related questions covered demographic variables, pregnancy and birth details; breastfeeding duration, lactation support in hospital and post-discharge; and problems experienced.

Results

Most mothers, 797 (91.8%), initiated breastfeeding in hospital. All women who initiated breastfeeding in the hospital reported exclusive breastfeeding; by two weeks postpartum, 70 women (13.2%) were supplementing with formula (partial breastfeeding). Kaplan–Meier Survival Analysis revealed an estimated mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the sample population of 66.8 ± 1.5 days. This duration was shorter for women with preterm births, low birthweight infants (LBW), cesarean births, and hospitalizations in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). A total of 472 (59.3%) breastfeeding mothers reported receiving in-hospital guidance. Of these, 290 (61.3%) were observed breastfeeding. Of all women who initiated breastfeeding, 280 (35.1%) attended MCHC follow-up within 72 h of hospital discharge. A higher proportion of women experiencing breastfeeding difficulties attended an MCHC within 72 h (131/297, 44.1%) compared to women not experiencing difficulties (148/499, 29.7%). The most frequently reported problems were mechanical (55.2%) or milk supply concerns (18.5%). First-time mothers were more likely to report problems, as were Jewish (vs Arab) mothers.

Conclusions

Even in a population with high initiation rates of breastfeeding, breastfeeding duration, both exclusive and partial, is less than recommended. As much of this drop-off occurs during maternity leave, it is likely related to breastfeeding challenges other than employment. Breastfeeding support needs of women are currently not adequately met; staffing and time for both in-hospital and community-based counseling needs to be funded as well as mandated. Counseling hours should be tailored to assure adequate coverage of high-risk groups such as women after cesarean delivery and newborns requiring intensive care.
The impact of workplace psychosocial factors on menstrual disorders and infertility: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Imamura Kotaro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Hidaka Yui , Ando Emiko , Eguchi Hisashi , Inoue Akiomi , Tsuno Kanami , Komase Yu , Iida Mako , Otsuka Yasumasa , Sakuraya Asuka , Asai Yumi , Iwanaga Mai , Kobayashi Yuka , Inoue Reiko , Shimazu Akihito , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Kawakami Norito
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Workplace environment, especially psychosocial factors at work such as job strain, workplace social support, and shift work, may affect the menstrual abnormalities and fertility of female workers. However, the association between psychosocial factors at work and menstrual abnormalities or fertility is not well understood. To address this relationship, we will conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature that has utilized a longitudinal or prospective cohort design.

Methods and analysis

The inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis are defined as follows: (P) adult female workers (over 18 years old), (E) the presence of adverse psychosocial factors at work, (C) the absence of adverse psychosocial factors at work, and (O) any menstrual cycle disorders, menstrual-related symptoms, or fertility. The MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and Japan Medical Abstracts Society electronic databases will be used to search for published studies. The statistical synthesis of the studies included in the meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate pooled coefficients and 95% CIs. For the main analysis, we will synthesize measures of association between psychosocial factors at work and menstrual-related disorders/symptoms. At least three eligible studies will have to be gathered to conduct a meta-analysis; otherwise (i.e., if only one or two studies will be eligible and included), the results will be presented in a narrative table. We will use the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) to determine the quality of selected studies. To assess meta-bias, Egger’s test, along with a funnel plot, will be used to check for publication bias. Lastly, we will examine heterogeneity using the χ2 test with Cochran’s Q statistic and I2.

Ethics and dissemination

The results and findings will be submitted and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated broadly to researchers and policymakers interested in the translatability of scientific evidence into good practices.

Systematic review registration

The study protocol was registered at the UMIN registry (registration number: UMIN000039488). The registration date is on 14 Feb 2020.

URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000044704
The Integrated Policy Package Assessment approach: elaborating ex ante knowledge in the field of urban mobility
Authors: Scheer Dirk , Dreyer Marion , Schmidt Maike , Schmieder Lisa , Arnold Annika
Published: September 2022

Background

In response to climate change challenges, a main policy emphasis is on transitioning the energy system from high- to low-carbon energy supply. The German energy transition is first and foremost based on political decisions and interventions. These decisions need to be assessed ex ante to ensure a good governance approach to energy policies, for which this paper introduces the Integrated Policy Package Assessment approach (IPPA). IPPA consists of four steps: design, assessment, evaluation and discourse.

Results

The results section illustrates the IPPA framework by applying it to urban passenger transport as an example case. First, the design phase was used to elaborate two complementary policy packages each consisting of several policy measures in the transformation pathways of “multi- and inter-modality”, and “alternative drive”. Second, the individual measures of the packages were impact-analysed by a large number of individual impact studies from various disciplines. Synthesizing the individual study results, we developed an impact assessment matrix for impact evaluation. The matrix covers the impact categories: technology development, sector integration, environment, social resonance, and institutional factors. In a further step, the key findings of the impact assessment were reflected and reviewed from the perspectives of various stakeholders and practice experts through a practice–science dialogue on transforming the urban passenger transport system.

Conclusions

The discussion and conclusion sections outline the main findings relating to content and process aspects, when applying the IPPA framework to a policy package in urban transport.
Buprenorphine/naloxone versus methadone opioid rotation in patients with prescription opioid use disorder and chronic pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ellerbroek Hannah , van den Heuvel Sandra A. S. , Dahan Albert , Timmerman Hans , Kramers Cornelis , Schellekens Arnt F. A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Opioids are effective in pain-management, but long-term opioid users can develop prescription opioid use disorder (OUD). One treatment strategy in patients with OUD is rotating from a short-acting opioid to a long-acting opioid (buprenorphine/naloxone (BuNa) or methadone). Both BuNa and methadone have been shown to be effective strategies in patients with OUD reducing opioid misuse, however data on head-to-head comparison in patients with chronic non-malignant pain and prescription OUD are limited.

Methods

This two-armed open-label, randomized controlled trial aims to compare effectiveness between BuNa and methadone in patients with chronic non-malignant with prescription OUD (n = 100). Participants receive inpatient rotation to either BuNa or methadone with a flexible dosing regimen. The primary outcome is opioid misuse 2 months after rotation. Secondary outcomes include treatment compliance, side effects, analgesia, opioid craving, quality of life, mood symptoms, cognitive and physical functioning over 2- and 6 months follow-up. Linear mixed model analysis will be used to evaluate change in outcome parameters over time between the treatment arms.

Discussion

This is one of the first studies comparing buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone for treating prescription OUD in a broad patient group with chronic non-malignant pain. Results may guide future treatment for patients with chronic pain and prescription OUD.

Trial registrationhttps://www.trialregister.nl/, NL9781
Coping motives mediate the relationship between PTSD and MDMA use in adolescents with substance use disorders
Authors: Basedow Lukas Andreas , Wiedmann Melina Felicitas , Roessner Veit , Golub Yulia , Kuitunen-Paul Sören
Published: September 2022

Background

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) often co-occur in adolescent patients. Previous research has shown that these patients differ from SUD patients without PTSD in terms of their substance use patterns. In this study, we aimed to test whether substance use in this population is related to an attempt to self-medicate PTSD-related symptoms.

Methods

German adolescent patients (aged 13–18 years) at an outpatient clinic for SUD treatment, n = 111 (43% female), completed a self-designed questionnaire on use motives, a measure of PTSD-related experiences, and underwent a standardized psychiatric interview including structured substance use questions. Participants were subsequently classified as ‘no traumatic experiences (‘noTEs’ but SUD), ‘traumatic experiences but no current PTSD diagnosis’ (‘TEs’ with SUD), and ‘PTSD’ with SUD. After establishing a self-designed motive measurement through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we calculated non-parametric group differences and a mediation analysis in a linear regression framework.

Results

The past-year frequency of MDMA use was highest in the PTSD group and lowest in the noTE group (H (2) = 7.2, p = .027, η2 = .058), but no differences were found for frequencies of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, or stimulant use (all H ≤ 4.9, p ≥ .085, η2 ≤ .033). While controlling for sex, the three groups showed a similar pattern (highest in the PTSD group and lowest in the noTE group) for coping scores (F (103) = 5.77, p = .004, η2 = .101). Finally, mediation analyses revealed an indirect effect of coping score (b = 0.61, 95% CI [0.29, 1.58], p = .145) on the association between group membership and MDMA use frequency.

Conclusions

In adolescent SUD patients, we found an association of current PTSD and lifetime traumatic experiences with higher MDMA use that could be partially explained by substance use being motivated by an attempt to cope with mental health symptoms. This indicates a coping process involved specifically in MDMA use compared to the use of other psychoactive substances, possibly due to unique psychoactive effects of MDMA.
The role of smallholder bean farmers in determining farm gate prices for beans in Uganda
Authors: Jjagwe George , Kibwika Paul , Mazur Robert , Sseguya Haroon
Published: September 2022

Background

Like for other agricultural commodities, the bean value chain involves a series of actors including; farmers as producers, middlemen, retailers, wholesalers and exporters. The study explains the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) marketing constraints faced by smallholder bean farmers and other actors in the bean value market chain that need redress for efficient and effective bean marketing in Uganda. Specifically, the effect of farmer bean production and marketing modes, and limited knowledge about bean market requirements on the final prices received for their beans and their limited ability to demand better prices is explained by the study. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 127 farmers (in strata of trained and non-trained farmers), 34 traders, five input dealers and 40 consumers, using semi structured questionnaires, and interview guides. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using SPSS and content analysis, respectively.

Results

Trained farmers produced more beans in the two seasons though the mean difference was not statistically significant from the non-trained farmers. Farmers determine the quantity of beans sold and not the prices. Both trained and non-trained farmers consider the price offered by traders through consultations. Most farmers individually sold their beans with little role in determining prices. Farmers formed groups to better access inputs and improve their bargaining power. Variety, price and quality influenced consumer purchase decisions. NABE 15 K132, NABE4, Yellow and white beans were preferred varieties. Trained farmers sold beans at a higher price of USD 0.505 per kilo gram, while non-trained farmers sold at USD 0.369 per kilo gram. The records kept by majority of the farmers pertain either to dates particular activities were executed or when they received visitors, and could neither be used in determining the bean prices nor costing production.

Conclusions

The constraints faced by the different bean actors provide a basis for developing bean marketing models. Addressing smallholders’ marketing challenges will increase their incomes and boost production. Increase in income through increased prices for farmers will improve farmer living standards as they will be able to meet basic needs. The quantity increase in production will partly address the food insecurity problems through direct consumption and selling the excess to buy other desired foods.
Transmission and mortality risk assessment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China: results from 11-years' study
Authors: Chen Qiulan , Yang Dong , Zhang Yanping , Zhu Mantong , Chen Ning , Yushan Zainawudong
Published: September 2022

Background

The transmission and fatal risk of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging infectious disease first discovered in China in 2009, still needed further quantification. This research aimed to analyze the SFTS clusters and assess the transmission and mortality risk for SFTS.

Methods

Both epidemiological investigation and case reports regarding SFTS clusters in China during 2011–2021 were obtained from the Public Health Emergency Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The transmission risk was evaluated by using the secondary attack rate (SAR) and relative risk (RR). Mortality risk factors were analyzed using a logistic regression model.

Results

There were 35 SFTS clusters during 2011–2021 involving 118 patients with a fatality rate of 22.0%. The number of clusters annually increased seasonally from April to September. The clusters mainly occurred in Anhui (16 clusters) and Shandong provinces (8 clusters). The SAR through contact with blood or bloody fluids was much higher than that through contact with non-bloody fluids (50.6% vs 3.0%; χ2 = 210.97, P < 0.05), with an RR of 16.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.23–26.97]. There was a statistically significant difference in the SAR between exposure to the blood of a deceased person during burial preparation and exposure to the living patients’ blood (66.7% vs 34.5%; χ2 = 6.40, P < 0.05), with an RR of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.11–3.37). The mortality risk factors were a long interval from onset to diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.385), 95% CI: 1.083–1.772, P = 0.009) and advanced age (OR: 1.095, 95% CI: 1.031–1.163, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

The SFTS clusters showed a high mortality rate and resulted in a high SAR. Contact with a bleeding corpse was associated with a higher infection risk, compared with contacting the blood from living patients. It is important to promote early detection and appropriate case management of patients with SFTS, as well as improved handling of their corpses, to prevent further transmission and mortality.

Graphical abstract
Associations between psychosocial risk factors, and changes in substance dependence and psychosocial functioning, during engagement with digital cognitive behavioral therapy for methamphetamine use: use of 'Breaking Free from Substance Abuse' by incarcerated people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elison-Davies Sarah , Newsome Jamie , Jones Andrew , Davies Glyn , Ward Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Background

Methamphetamine use can be associated with involvement with correctional services and incarceration. Traditionally, treatments for methamphetamine use have been delivered in-person – however, lockdowns initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced access to such in-person support in prisons. Therefore, in May 2020 a digital cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for substance use disorders - 'Breaking Free from Substance Abuse' - was made available across prisons in Ohio in order to meet this treatment gap. This represents the first time this digital CBT intervention has been made widely available to incarcerated people residing in prisons or jails in the United States (US). This was a within-subjects study using data from 2187 Ohio prison residents who engaged with this digital CBT program to address their methamphetamine use.

Results

Participants reported multiple psychosocial risk factors, including moderate to severe substance dependence, depression and anxiety; interpersonal conflict; aggressive behavior; paranoia; and difficulties with work, education and accommodation. Significant reductions in substance dependence, depression/anxiety and biopsychosocial impairment, and improvements in quality of life, were identified in the sample. Risk factors were associated with less positive outcomes, specifically interpersonal conflict and poor mental health. Completion of specific components of the program were associated with more positive outcomes – a dose response was also identified.

Conclusions

Digital CBT can be delivered in secure US correctional settings and may help to fill unmet needs for in-person treatment. Specifically, this digital CBT program may support incarcerated individuals to address methamphetamine use, with outcomes being associated with psychosocial risk factors and program engagement.
In vitro and in vivo differences in neurovirulence between D614G, Delta And Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Bauer Lisa , Rissmann Melanie , Benavides Feline F. W. , Leijten Lonneke , van Run Peter , Begeman Lineke , Veldhuis Kroeze Edwin J. B. , Lendemeijer Bas , Smeenk Hilde , de Vrij Femke M. S. , Kushner Steven A. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Rockx Barry , van Riel Debby
Published: September 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with various neurological complications. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, several studies have shown that neuroinflammation occurs in the acute and post-acute phase. As these studies have predominantly been performed with isolates from 2020, it is unknown if there are differences among SARS-CoV-2 variants in their ability to cause neuroinflammation. Here, we compared the neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism and neurovirulence of the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain D614G, the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variants using in vitro and in vivo models. The Omicron BA.1 variant showed reduced neurotropism and neurovirulence compared to Delta and D614G in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. Similar differences were obtained in Syrian hamsters inoculated with D614G, Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant 5 days post infection. Replication in the olfactory mucosa was observed in all hamsters, but most prominently in D614G inoculated hamsters. Furthermore, neuroinvasion into the CNS via the olfactory nerve was observed in D614G, but not Delta or Omicron BA.1 inoculated hamsters. Furthermore, neuroinvasion was associated with neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb of hamsters inoculated with D614G. Altogether, our findings suggest differences in the neuroinvasive, neurotropic and neurovirulent potential between SARS-CoV-2 variants using in vitro hiPSC-derived neural cultures and in vivo in hamsters during the acute phase of the infection.
Mindfulness and psychological well-being in adolescents: the mediating role of self-compassion, emotional dysregulation and cognitive flexibility
Authors: Yousefi Afrashteh Majid , Hasani Fereshteh
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Adolescence is a critical period of growth. Mental health during adolescence is one of the most important determinants of mental health in adulthood. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being of adolescents considering the mediating role of self-compassion, emotional dysregulation and cognitive flexibility.

Methods

The method of this research is cross-sectional. The research population was adolescents (elementary, first and second high school) in Zanjan, Iran in 2021, whose approximate number was 14,000. Data through adolescent mindfulness questionnaires (Brown, West, Loverich, and Biegel, 2011), short form of psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff and Keyes, 1995), short form of self-compassion scale (Raes et al., 2011), difficulty in Emotion regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and cognitive flexibility (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010) were collected. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis with SPSS-26 and lisrel-10.2 software.

Results

According the results, in addition to the fact that mindfulness is directly and positively related to psychological well-being (p < 0.05), it is also indirectly through self-compassion and Cognitive flexibility has a positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being and also mindfulness has an indirect, negative and significant relationship with psychological well-being through emotional dysregulation (p < 0.05). The results supported the goodness of model fit and confirmation of hypotheses.

Conclusion

Therefore, it is recommended that practitioners provide the basis for promoting psychological well-being through mindfulness, emotional dysregulation, self-compassion and cognitive flexibility.
Comparison of the accuracy of bracket positioning between direct and digital indirect bonding techniques in the maxillary arch: a three-dimensional study
Authors: Aboujaoude Rami , Kmeid Roland , Gebrael Carine , Amm Elie
Published: September 2022

Background/objectives

When the indirect bonding technique was developed in 1972 by Silverman and Cohen, many authors wondered whether this technique would improve bracket positioning accuracy compared to the direct bonding technique. Studies have found little to no difference between them regarding positioning accuracy. Recently, technological advances have improved the indirect method by allowing the user to position the brackets virtually using software applications such as OrthoAnalyzer™. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have compared direct positioning to this new digital indirect technique. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of placement between the two techniques in the maxillary arch using two different bracket types: conventional twin brackets and self-ligating brackets. A secondary objective was to evaluate whether bracket type affected positioning accuracy.

Methods

A maxillary arch of a patient was scanned by digital impression. Forty resin duplicates of this model were printed and then mounted on a mannequin head, on which 20 practitioners performed direct bonding using the aforementioned brackets. Later on, they performed a virtual indirect bonding of the same case virtually, with the digital impression superimposed to the patient’s CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography). Afterwards, the direct bonded models were unmounted, scanned, and then superimposed to the indirect models. Differences in height, angulation and mesio-distal position of the brackets were evaluated.

Results

Regarding height, the differences between direct and indirect methods were not significant. Height difference was significantly greater for self-ligating brackets compared to conventional brackets. Regarding mesio-distal positioning, significant differences were noted for teeth 13 and 15 with self-ligating brackets (p-value = 0.019 and p-value = 0.043, respectively). The deviation was also greater for these brackets. Regarding angulation, the difference was significant on tooth 12 when using conventional brackets (p-value = 0.04) and on 12 and 22 when using self-ligating brackets (p-value = 0.09).

Conclusion/implications

There were no major significant differences between direct and indirect bonding. Differences were significant only on the laterals for of angulation, and on teeth 13 and 15 for mesio-distal centering. The bracket type seems to influence positioning accuracy, since self-ligating brackets had a larger deviation range than conventional brackets.
Finite element simulation of permeable fault influence on a medium deep borehole thermal energy storage system
Authors: Seib Lukas , Welsch Bastian , Bossennec Claire , Frey Matthis , Sass Ingo
Published: September 2022

Solutions for seasonal energy storage systems are essential for the reliable use of fluctuating renewable energy sources. As part of the research project SKEWS, a medium deep borehole thermal energy storage system with a depth of 750 m is under construction at Campus Lichtwiese in Darmstadt, Germany, to demonstrate this innovative technology. Prior to the design of SKEWS, the geological context in the surroundings of the project location was investigated using archive drilling data and groundwater measurements. The geologic survey suggests the assumption that the uppermost part of the intended storage domain is crosscut by a normal fault, which displaces the Permian rocks east of Darmstadt against granodioritic rocks of the Odenwald crystalline complex. A 3D finite-element numerical model was implemented to estimate the effect of the potentially higher hydraulic conductivity of the fault zone on the planned storage system. For this purpose, a storage operation over a time span of 30 years was simulated for different parametrizations of the fault zone. The simulations reveal a limited but visible heat removal from the storage region with increasing groundwater flow in the fault zone. However, the section of the borehole thermal energy storage system affected by the fault is minor compared to the total depth of the system. This only constitutes a minor impairment of the storage efficiency of approximately 3%. In total, the amount of heat extracted varies between 320.2 GWh and 326.2 GWh for the different models. These findings can be helpful for the planning and assessment of future medium deep borehole thermal energy storage systems in fractured and faulted crystalline settings by providing data about the potential impact of faults or large fractures crosscutting the storage system.
Comparison of two porcine acute lung injury models: a post-hoc analysis
Authors: Rissel René , Renz Miriam , Mohnke Katja , Riedel Julian , Ritter Katharina , Ziebart Alexander , Ruemmler Robert , Hartmann Erik K. , Kamuf Jens
Published: September 2022

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common disease in intensive care medicine. Despite intensive research, mortality rates are high, not even in COVID-19 ARDS. Thereby, pigs offer some advantages to study the characteristics of ARDS. Many different ARDS models exist. Most of the articles published focused on histopathological and microscopic lung alterations to identify the most suitable animal ARDS model. “Macroscopic” observations and descriptions are often missing. Therefore, we performed a post-hoc comparison of two common ARDS models for pigs: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vs. a double-hit model (bronchoalveolar lavage + oleic acid infusion). We investigated hemodynamic, spirometric and laboratory changes as another main clinical part of ARDS.

Results

The groups were compared by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post-hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test. A p value lower than 0.05 was accepted as significant. All animals (n = 8 double-hit ARDS; n = 8 LPS ARDS) survived the observation period of 8 h. ARDS induction with reduced oxygen indices was successful performed in both models (76 ± 35/225 ± 54/212 ± 79 vs. 367 ± 64; T0/T4/T8 vs. BLH for double-hit; 238 ± 57/144 ± 59 vs. 509 ± 41; T4/T8 vs. BLH for LPS; p < 0.05). ARDS induced with LPS leads to more hemodynamic (mean arterial pulmonary pressure 35 ± 3/30 ± 3 vs. 28 ± 4/23 ± 4; T4/T8 LPS vs. double-hit; p < 0.05; doses of norepinephrine 1.18 ± 1.05 vs. 0.11 ± 0.16; LPS vs. double-hit for T8; p < 0.05) and inflammatory (pulmonary IL-6 expression: 2.41e−04 ± 1.08e−04 vs. 1.45e−05 ± 7.26e−06; LPS vs. double-hit; p < 0.05) alterations. ARDS induced by double-hit requires a more invasive ventilator strategy to maintain a sufficient oxygenation (PEEP at T4: 8 ± 3 vs. 6 ± 2; double-hit vs. LPS; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both animal ARDS models are feasible and are similar to human presentation of ARDS. If your respiratory research focus on hemodynamic/inflammation variables, the LPS-induced ARDS is a feasible model. Studying different ventilator strategies, the double-hit ARDS model offers a suitable approach.
Review on dry film photoresist-based patterning of Ag nanowire flexible electrodes for wearable electronics
Authors: Hwang Byungil , Matteini Paolo
Published: September 2022

Silver (Ag) nanowires have attracted significant attention as flexible electrodes for various wearable electronic devices owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Patterning is an important step in the fabrication of Ag nanowire electrodes of appropriate size and shape for electronic device applications. Among the various methods to pattern Ag nanowires, photolithography using a liquid photoresist is the most widely used. However, some factors have limited an extensive use of this method, such as the non-uniform thickness of liquid photoresist on large-scale coatings and the requirement of a post-annealing step that limits the application to few polymeric substrates. In turn, these factors affect the successful application of the roll-to-roll fabrication process. Dry film photoresist (DFR), a solid-state film-type photoresist, can enable a fast and simple patterning process at lower temperatures, as DFR-based patterning process only requires a simple lamination step to coat the photoresist on the substrates. The DFR process is performed at a temperature below 80 °C, which enables the application of most polymeric substrates. Furthermore, this process doesn’t involve any additional post-annealing process, which makes it an appropriate technology for the roll-to-roll fabrication process. Owing to the advantages of DFR patterning, several recent studies have focused on this process for Ag nanowires patterning. This review provides an overview of successful examples of Ag nanowire patterning based on the use of DFR, along with the application of patterned Ag nanowires substrates as obtained by this method.
Associations of reproductive factors with postmenopausal follicle stimulating hormone
Authors: Costa Rebecca , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Virtanen Jyrki , Niskanen Leo , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Recent studies have suggested that higher postmenopausal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) may be associated with lower risk of diabetes. However, relatively little is known about postmenopausal FSH levels, including the level of variation between women and whether reproductive factors are associated with this variation.

Methods

We assessed the relationship of multiple reproductive factors with FSH levels among 588 postmenopausal women in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Participants were aged 53 to 73 years and not using hormone therapy at study enrollment (1998–2001) when reproductive factors were assessed and FSH was measured.

Results

After adjustment for age, menopause timing, sex steroid levels, adiposity and behavioral factors, we observed numbers of pregnancies and age at first birth were each inversely associated with FSH levels. For example, women with ≥ 3 births and an age at first birth ≥ 25 years had mean FSH levels that were 7.8 IU/L lower than those of women with 1–2 births and an age at first birth ≤ 24 years (P = 0.003). Number of miscarriages was inversely associated with FSH levels (-2.7 IU/L per miscarriage; P = 0.02). Women reporting 4 or more years of past hormone therapy use had significantly higher mean FSH levels than women who had never used hormone therapy (P for trend = 0.006).

Conclusion

Multiple reproductive factors were associated with postmenopausal FSH, independent of estradiol, adiposity and other confounders. These findings warrant replication and further exploration of potential underlying mechanism.
The Benefits of Resistance Training in Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno , Forte Pedro , Vinhas Raquel , Marinho Daniel A. , Faíl Luís B. , Pereira Ana , Vieira Fernando , Neiva Henrique P.
Published: September 2022

Background

Physical activity is essential in acquiring healthy lifestyle behaviors in the early years of maturational development and preventing various diseases. Resistance training (RT) is fundamental for improving body composition and is increasingly recommended for obese adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to synthesize and analyze data on the effects of RT programs in this population, seeking to develop useful recommendations for health and sports professionals.

Methods

A search was performed using four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). According to specific inclusion criteria, twenty-one studies were selected to evaluate the impact of RT on body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Results

After the RT programs, the adolescents improved their muscle strength (SMD, 1.44; 95% CI: 0.76–2.12), cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD, 1.09; 95% CI: 0.15–2.04), BMI (SMD, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07–0.35), waist circumference (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI: 0.06–0.47) and body fat (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.34). However, insulin sensitivity (SMD, 0.32; 95% CI: − 0.47 to 1.10) and lean mass (SMD, 0.12; 95% CI: − 0.06 to 0.31) did not reveal any changes. Different RT programs were used but it seems that 2–3 times/week ∼60 min/session of RT for 12 weeks should be recommended for positive changes.

Conclusions

RT seems to be effective when the objective is to improve muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and can be an efficient strategy to reduce obesity in adolescents by reducing body fat, waist circumference and body mass index.

PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022333411.
What is the Effect of Changing Running Step Rate on Injury, Performance and Biomechanics? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Anderson Laura M. , Martin Joel F. , Barton Christian J. , Bonanno Daniel R.
Published: September 2022

Background

Running-related injuries are prevalent among distance runners. Changing step rate is a commonly used running retraining strategy in the management and prevention of running-related injuries.

Objective

The aims of this review were to synthesise the evidence relating to the effects of changing running step rate on injury, performance and biomechanics.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus.

Results

Thirty-seven studies were included that related to injury (n = 2), performance (n = 5), and biomechanics (n = 36). Regarding injury, very limited evidence indicated that increasing running step rate is associated with improvements in pain (4 weeks: standard mean difference (SMD), 95% CI 2.68, 1.52 to 3.83; 12 weeks: 3.62, 2.24 to 4.99) and function (4 weeks: 2.31, 3.39 to 1.24); 12 weeks: 3.42, 4.75 to 2.09) in recreational runners with patellofemoral pain. Regarding performance, very limited evidence indicated that increasing step rate increases perceived exertion ( − 0.49,  − 0.91 to − 0.07) and awkwardness (− 0.72, − 1.38 to − 0.06) and effort (− 0.69, − 1.34, − 0.03); and very limited evidence that an increase in preferred step rate is associated with increased metabolic energy consumption (− 0.84, − 1.57 to − 0.11). Regarding biomechanics, increasing running step rate was associated with strong evidence of reduced peak knee flexion angle (0.66, 0.40 to 0.92); moderate evidence of reduced step length (0.93, 0.49 to 1.37), peak hip adduction (0.40, 0.11 to 0.69), and peak knee extensor moment (0.50, 0.18 to 0.81); moderate evidence of reduced foot strike angle (0.62, 034 to 0.90); limited evidence of reduced braking impulse (0.64, 0.29 to 1.00), peak hip flexion (0.42, 0.10 to 0.75), and peak patellofemoral joint stress (0.56, 0.07 to 1.05); and limited evidence of reduced negative hip (0.55, 0.20 to 0.91) and knee work (0.84, 0.48 to 1.20). Decreasing running step rate was associated with moderate evidence of increased step length (− 0.76, − 1.31 to − 0.21); limited evidence of increased contact time (− 0.95, − 1.49 to − 0.40), braking impulse (− 0.73, − 1.08 to − 0.37), and negative knee work (− 0.88, − 1.25 to − 0.52); and limited evidence of reduced negative ankle work (0.38, 0.03 to 0.73) and negative hip work (0.49, 0.07 to 0.91).

Conclusion

In general, increasing running step rate results in a reduction (or no change), and reducing step rate results in an increase (or no change), to kinetic, kinematic, and loading rate variables at the ankle, knee and hip. At present there is insufficient evidence to conclusively determine the effects of altering running step rate on injury and performance. As most studies included in this review investigated the immediate effects of changing running step rate, the longer-term effects remain largely unknown.

Prospero Registration

CRD42020167657.
Synergistic Effect of Increased Total Protein Intake and Strength Training on Muscle Strength: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tagawa Ryoichi , Watanabe Daiki , Ito Kyoko , Otsuyama Takeru , Nakayama Kyosuke , Sanbongi Chiaki , Miyachi Motohiko
Published: September 2022

Background

Protein supplementation augments muscle strength gain during resistance training. Although some studies focus on the dose-response relationship of total protein intake to muscle mass or strength, the detailed dose-response relationship between total protein intake and muscle strength increase is yet to be clarified, especially in the absence of resistance training.

Objective

We aimed to assess the detailed dose-response relationship between protein supplementation and muscle strength, with and without resistance training.

Design

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Data Sources

PubMed and Ichushi-Web (last accessed on March 23, 2022).

Eligibility Criteria

Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of protein intake on muscle strength.

Synthesis Methods

A random-effects model and a spline model.

Results

A total of 82 articles were obtained for meta-analyses, and data from 69 articles were used to create spline curves. Muscle strength increase was significantly augmented only with resistance training (MD 2.01%, 95% CI 1.09–2.93) and was not augmented if resistance training was absent (MD 0.13%, 95% CI − 1.53 to 1.79). In the dose-response analysis using a spline model, muscle strength increase with resistance training showed a dose-dependent positive association with total protein intake, which is 0.72% (95% CI 0.40–1.04%) increase in muscle strength per 0.1 g/kg body weight [BW]/d increase in total protein intake up to 1.5 g/kg BW/d, but no further gains were observed thereafter.

Conclusion

Concurrent use of resistance training is essential for protein supplementation to improve muscle strength. This study indicates that 1.5 g/kg BW/d may be the most appropriate amount of total protein intake for maintaining and augmenting muscle strength along with resistance training.
Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood cells allows to discriminate MIS-C and Kawasaki disease
Authors: Castaldo Alice , D’Anna Carolina , Gelzo Monica , Giannattasio Antonietta , Maglione Marco , Muzzica Stefania , Raia Maddalena , Scalia Giulia , Tripodi Lorella , Castaldo Giuseppe , Tipo Vincenzo , Grieco Domenico , Grieco Michela
Published: September 2022

Background

The pathogenesis of the novel described multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease (KD) is still debated as it is not clear if they are the same or different nosological entities. However, for both the diseases a rapid and unequivocal diagnosis is mandatory to start the therapy before the onset of severe complications. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the white cell populations in MIS-C and KD as potential markers to discriminate between the two diseases.

Methods

We studied white cell populations by flow cytometry in 46 MIS-C and 28 KD patients in comparison to 70 age-matched healthy children.

Results

MIS-C patients had a significant lymphopenia that involved both B and T populations while KD patients showed a significant neutrophilia and thrombocythemia. Granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio helped to diagnose both MIS-C and KD with a high diagnostic sensitivity, while a multivariate analysis of granulocyte and T lymphocyte number contributed to discriminate between the two diseases.

Conclusions

The relevant lymphopenia observed in MIS-C patients suggests that the disease would be a post-infectious sequel of COVID-19 immunologically amplified by a massive cytokine release, while the significant neutrophilia and thrombocythemia observed in KD confirmed that the disorder has the genesis of a systemic vasculitis. The analysis of a panel of circulating cells may help to early diagnose and to discriminate between the two diseases.
Transforming growth factor-β-induced secretion of extracellular vesicles from oral cancer cells evokes endothelial barrier instability via endothelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Kobayashi Miho , Fujiwara Kashio , Takahashi Kazuki , Yoshioka Yusuke , Ochiya Takahiro , Podyma-Inoue Katarzyna A. , Watabe Tetsuro
Published: September 2022

Background

During metastasis, cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, and acquire invasive and metastatic potentials. Metastasis to distant organs requires intravascular invasion and extravasation of cancer cells, which is accompanied by the disruption of the adhesion between vascular endothelial cells. Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to induce the destabilization of normal blood vessels at the metastatic sites. However, the roles of EVs secreted from cancer cells that have undergone EMT in the destabilization of blood vessels remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we characterized EVs secreted by oral cancer cells undergoing TGF-β-induced EMT and elucidated their effects on the characteristics of vascular endothelial cells.

Methods

Induction of EMT by TGF-β in human oral cancer cells was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. Oral cancer cell-derived EVs were isolated from the conditioned media of oral cancer cells that were treated with or without TGF-β using ultracentrifugation, and characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunoblotting. The effects of EVs on human umbilical artery endothelial cells were examined by qRT-PCR, cellular staining, and permeability assay. The significant differences between means were determined using a t-test or one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Results

Oral cancer cells underwent EMT in response to TGF-β as revealed by changes in the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers at both the RNA and protein levels. Oral cancer cells treated with TGF-β showed increased EV production and altered EV composition when compared with untreated cells. The EVs that originated from cells that underwent EMT by TGF-β induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition, which was characterized by the decreased and increased expression of endothelial and mesenchymal cell markers, respectively. EVs derived from oral cancer cells also induced intercellular gap formation which led to the loss of endothelial cell barrier stability.

Conclusions

EVs released from oral cancer cells that underwent TGF-β-induced EMT target endothelial cells to induce vascular destabilization. Detailed characterization of oral cancer-derived EVs and factors responsible for EV-mediated vascular instability will lead to the development of agents targeting metastasis.
Pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellopontine angle: a rare case
Authors: Bhradwaj Pranjal , Pandey Sharad , Kumar Pankaj , Gupta L. N. , Bharadwaj Minakshi
Published: September 2022

Background

Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors in children. Most of the lesions occur in or near the midline. They are rare in extra-axial locations.

Case presentation

We report a 23-year-old lady who was found to have progressive right-sided sensorineural hearing loss and features of raised intracranial pressure due to a pilocytic astrocytoma of the right cerebellopontine angle. After an extensive Medline search, we could find only three cases of primary extra-axial pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) reported till now.

Conclusion

Even a rare occurrence, primary pilocytic astrocytoma, and in general gliomas, should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of CPA lesions.
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among nursing staff who provided direct care to COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gabra Marina Adel , Mohammed Khaled Abd Elmoez , Hegazy Mohammed Nabil , Hendi Ahmed Elarabi
Published: September 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a major physical and psychological burden on nursing staff who provide patient care in difficult circumstances with persistent exposure to infected patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among nursing staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with different work-related variables. It was designed as a cross-sectional comparative study in which 102 nurses on duty during the past 6 months were enrolled and divided into two groups. The first group included fifty-one COVID-dealing nurses who provided direct patient care to COVID-19 patients (emergency department, isolation zone, and intensive care unit (ICU)), while the second group included fifty-one non-COVID-dealing nurses on duty during the same period but in other hospital units and not providing direct care to COVID-19 patients (inpatient and outpatient wards).

Sociodemographic data, work-related variables, PTSD symptom severity, and diagnosis were all assessed.

Results

The COVID-dealing nurses had significantly less frequent short breaks (P = 0.007), inadequate organizational support and compensation (P = 0.024), and inadequate time off work (P = 0.004) compared to non-COVID-dealing nursing staff. They were also significantly suffering from PTSD compared to second-line staff (P = 0.025).

Conclusions

COVID-dealing nurses providing direct care to COVID-19 patients suffered significantly from PTSD with a variety of contributing work-related variables.