bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A network performance‐based device driven communication scheme for 5G networks
Authors: Biswash Sanjay K. , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we introduce a user centric performance based mode switching algorithm. This operates through a relay assisted communication technique that suit for 5G cellular networks. The proposed approach is central to mode switching and also incorporate user mobility. This mechanism is based on quality of experience (QoE) based methodology where network switches between cellular‐centric mode (CM) to user‐centric mode (UM) in order to improve the overall QoE. In UM, the network may assign a relay to guarantee the preset, as per long term evolution (LTE), QoE performance. The relay selection is a random process and the network will select an arbitrary node (within the proximity area) as a relay‐node by resorting to the performance metrics without negotiation of user mobility. The performance analysis shows the improvement in the proposed scheme with respect to link utilization and communication delay with high node‐mobility as compared to as 4G/LTE.
Testing complex animal cognition: Concept learning, proactive interference, and list memory
Authors: Wright Anthony A.
Published: January 2018

This article describes an approach for assessing and comparing complex cognition in rhesus monkeys and pigeons by training them in a sequence of synergistic tasks, each yielding a whole function for enhanced comparisons. These species were trained in similar same/different tasks with expanding training sets (8, 16, 32, 64, 128 … 1024 pictures) followed by novel‐stimulus transfer eventually resulting in full abstract‐concept learning. Concept‐learning functions revealed better rhesus transfer throughout and full concept learning at the 128 set, versus pigeons at the 256 set. They were then tested in delayed same/different tasks for proactive interference by inserting occasional tests within trial‐unique sessions where the test stimulus matched a previous sample stimulus (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 trials prior). Proactive‐interference functions revealed time‐based interference for pigeons (1, 10 s delays), but event‐based interference for rhesus (no effect of 1, 10, 20 s delays). They were then tested in list‐memory tasks by expanding the sample to four samples in trial‐unique sessions (minimizing proactive interference). The four‐item, list‐memory functions revealed strong recency memory at short delays, gradually changing to strong primacy memory at long delays over 30 s for rhesus, and 10 s for pigeons. Other species comparisons and future directions are discussed.
Multiple solutions for strongly resonant Robin problems
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Vetro Calogero , Vetro Francesca
Published: January 2018

We consider nonlinear (driven by the p‐Laplacian) and semilinear Robin problems with indefinite potential and strong resonance with respect to the principal eigenvalue. Using variational methods and critical groups, we prove four multiplicity theorems producing up to four nontrivial smooth solutions.
Hügel knacken, Därme quetschen, Naturstoffe finden
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: January 2018

Um zu untersuchen, welche Sekundärmetabolite bei pilzzüchtenden Termiten und in deren natürlichem Lebensraum vorkommen, nimmt eine Arbeitsgruppe aus Jena Hitze, Gestank und körperliche Arbeit auf sich. Sie will herausfinden, wie diese Stoffe entstehen und was der Mensch damit anfangen kann.
Dioxin und die Höchstgehalte in Säuglingsnahrung
Authors: Zhang Hong , Schwarze Jochen
Published: January 2018

Der derzeit in der Europäischen Union geltende Höchstgehalt für Dioxine führt dazu, dass Kleinkinder und Säuglinge im ungünstigsten Fall das 32‐Fache der nach der Weltgesundheitsorganisation tolerierbaren Menge aufnehmen. Nun setzt die EU die Höchstgehalte neu fest.
150 Jahre gemeinsame Geschichte
Authors: Weinig Hans‐Georg
Published: January 2018

GDCh und RSC feiern Jubiläumssymposium in London.
kFEM: Adaptive meshfree finite‐element methods using local kernels on arbitrary subdomains
Authors: Quaglino A. , Krause R.
Published: January 2018

We propose a novel finite‐element method for polygonal meshes. The resulting scheme is hp‐adaptive, where h and p are a measure of, respectively, the size and the number of degrees of freedom of each polygon. Moreover, it is locally meshfree, since it is possible to arbitrarily choose the locations of the degrees of freedom inside each polygon. Our construction is based on nodal kernel functions, whose support consists of all polygons that contain a given node. This ensures a significantly higher sparsity compared to standard meshfree approximations. In this work, we choose axis‐aligned quadrilaterals as polygonal primitives and maximum entropy approximants as kernels. However, any other convex approximation scheme and convex polygons can be employed. We study the optimal placement of nodes for regular elements, ie, those that are not intersected by the boundary, and propose a method to generate a suitable mesh. Finally, we show via numerical experiments that the proposed approach provides good accuracy without undermining the sparsity of the resulting matrices.
Behavioral effects of long‐term oral administration of aluminum ammonium sulfate in male and female C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Shoji Hirotaka , Irino Yasuhiro , Yoshida Masaru , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2018

Background

Aluminum (Al) is considered to be a neurotoxic metal, and excessive exposure to Al has been reported to be a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Al ammonium sulfate is one of the Al compounds that is widely used as a food additive. However, the effects of the oral administration of Al ammonium sulfate on physical development and behavior remain to be examined.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the effects of the administration of Al ammonium sulfate 12‐water dissolved in drinking water (0.075 mg/mL) beginning in adolescence on various types of behavior in adult female C57BL/6J mice through a battery of behavioral tests (low‐dose experiment; Experiment 1). We further examined the behavioral effects of the oral administration of a higher dose of the Al compound in drinking water (1 mg/mL) beginning in the prenatal period on behavior in adult male and female mice (high‐dose experiment; Experiment 2).

Results

In the low‐dose experiment, in which females’ oral intake of Al was estimated to be 0.97 mg Al/kg/d as adults, Al‐treated females exhibited an increase in total arm entries in the elevated plus maze test, an initial decrease and subsequent increase in immobility in the forced swim test, and reduced freezing in the fear conditioning test approximately 1 month after the conditioning session compared with vehicle‐treated females (uncorrected P < .05). However, the behavioral differences did not reach a statistically significant level after correction for multiple testing. In the high‐dose experiment, in which animals’ oral intakes were estimated to be about ten times higher than those in the low‐dose experiment, behavioral differences found in the low‐dose experiment were not observed in high‐dose Al‐treated mice, suggesting that the results of the low‐dose experiment might be false positives. Additionally, although high‐dose Al‐treated females exhibited increased social contacts with unfamiliar conspecifics and impaired reference memory performance, and high‐dose Al‐treated mice exhibited decreases in prepulse inhibition and in correct responses in the working memory task (uncorrected P < .05), the differences in any of the behavioral measures did not reach the significance level after correction for multiple testing.

Conclusion

Our results show that long‐term oral exposure to Al ammonium sulfate at the doses used in this study may have the potential to induce some behavioral changes in C57BL/6J mice. However, the behavioral effects of Al were small and statistically weak, as indicated by the fact that the results failed to reach the study‐wide significance level. Thus, further study will be needed to replicate the results and reevaluate the behavioral outcomes of oral intake of Al ammonium sulfate.
Bias from outcome misclassification in immunization schedule safety research
Authors: Newcomer Sophia R. , Kulldorff Martin , Xu Stan , Daley Matthew F. , Fireman Bruce , Lewis Edwin , Glanz Jason M.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The Institute of Medicine recommended conducting observational studies of childhood immunization schedule safety. Such studies could be biased by outcome misclassification, leading to incorrect inferences. Using simulations, we evaluated (1) outcome positive predictive values (PPVs) as indicators of bias of an exposure‐outcome association, and (2) quantitative bias analyses (QBA) for bias correction.

Methods

Simulations were conducted based on proposed or ongoing Vaccine Safety Datalink studies. We simulated 4 studies of 2 exposure groups (children with no vaccines or on alternative schedules) and 2 baseline outcome levels (100 and 1000/100 000 person‐years), with 3 relative risk (RR) levels (RR = 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00), across 1000 replications using probabilistic modeling. We quantified bias from non‐differential and differential outcome misclassification, based on levels previously measured in database research (sensitivity > 95%; specificity > 99%). We calculated median outcome PPVs, median observed RRs, Type 1 error, and bias‐corrected RRs following QBA.

Results

We observed PPVs from 34% to 98%. With non‐differential misclassification and true RR = 2.00, median bias was toward the null, with severe bias (median observed RR = 1.33) with PPV = 34% and modest bias (median observed RR = 1.83) with PPV = 83%. With differential misclassification, PPVs did not reflect median bias, and there was Type 1 error of 100% with PPV = 90%. QBA was generally effective in correcting misclassification bias.

Conclusions

In immunization schedule studies, outcome misclassification may be non‐differential or differential to exposure. Overall outcome PPVs do not reflect the distribution of false positives by exposure and are poor indicators of bias in individual studies. Our results support QBA for immunization schedule safety research.
Stillstand als Täuschung
Authors: Ehrmann Guido , Ehrmann Andrea
Published: January 2018

Der aus der Technik bekannte Stroboskop‐Effekt kann auch im menschlichen Auge auftreten. Er erweckt zum Beispiel den Eindruck, dass die Radspeichen eines vorbeifahrenden Wagens stillstehen oder sich langsam rückwärts drehen. Für seine Ursache gibt es unterschiedliche Erklärungen. Untersuchungen dieses Effektes können insbesondere vom Flackern vieler Leuchtmittel gestört werden, weshalb Messungen bei reinem Tageslicht am zuverlässigsten sind.
Ein Whirlpool aus Elektronen
Authors: Schattschneider Peter , Schachinger Thomas , Verbeeck Johan
Published: January 2018

Elektronenvortices sind junge Spieler auf dem weiten Gebiet der Teilchen‐ und Festkörperphysik mit enormem Entwicklungspotenzial. Wie optische Vortices tragen sie Bahndrehimpuls. Da sie im Elektronenmikroskop auf atomare Dimensionen fokussiert werden können, ähneln sie frei im Raum propagierenden Atomorbitalen. Im Magnetfeld erlauben sie die Untersuchung von Landau‐Zuständen außerhalb von Materie. Sie sind Hoffnungsträger für neue festkörperphysikalische Untersuchungsmethoden in der Elektronenmikroskopie. Ihre besonderen Eigenschaften, vor allem der Bahndrehimpuls und das vom Spin unabhängige quantisierte magnetische Moment, lassen auch kühnere Spekulationen zu. Diese reichen von der Nanomanipulation über die Untersuchung der Teilchendynamik in extremen Magnetfeldern bis zur Hochenergiephysik.
Katalytisch aktive Zentren direkt abgebildet
Authors: Pfisterer Jonas , Liang Yunchang , Schneider Oliver , Bandarenka Aliaksandr
Published: January 2018

Katalysatoren sind von großer industrieller Bedeutung, auch in elektrochemischen Anwendungen wie Brennstoffzellen und Elektrolyseuren zur Wasserstofferzeugung. Nicht alle Oberflächenatome eines Katalysators sind jedoch gleichermaßen aktiv; vielmehr gibt es aktive Zentren. Unsere Gruppe an der TU München konnte vor kurzem direkt die erhöhte katalytische Aktivität an solchen Zentren mit elektrochemischer Rastertunnelmikroskopie abbilden [1]. Dies eröffnet neue Wege zur Entwicklung hochwirksamer Katalysatoren.
Laser‐Verstärkung in angeregten Dielektrika
Authors: Winkler Thomas , Baumert Thomas , Senftleben Arne
Published: January 2018

Ultrakurze Laserpulse können überraschenderweise in einem laserangeregten Glasstück verstärkt werden. Diese von unserem Team der Universitäten Kassel und Aarhus entdeckte Verstärkung ist, ähnlich wie bei einem klassischen Laser, gerichtet und kohärent. Simulationen des bisher unbekannten dreistufigen Prozesses konnte die experimentellen Ergebnisse reproduzieren und somit das entwickelte theoretische Modell verifizieren.
Petit capitalisms in disaster, or the limits of neoliberal imagination: Displacement, recovery, and opportunism in highland Ecuador
Authors: Faas A. J.
Published: January 2018

Disaster capitalism is typically defined as a systematic and opportunistic reconfiguration of economies and economic regulations in service of capitalist interests under the cover of environmental crisis. This article offers another complementary variety of disaster capitalism—the production of capitalist subjects, petit capitalists “empowered” by the state and nongovernmental organizations via initiation into the special knowledge and crafts of small enterprise. This is at once a well‐intentioned strategy and one that reveals the limits of neoliberal imagination—the inability to envision recovery but through individualistic, entrepreneurial endeavors. In my study of recovery from the eruptions of Mt. Tungurahua in Ecuador, I present cases of state and nongovernmental organizations providing aid and recovery to affected highland peasants. These projects reveal people being moved to assume certain subjectivities by limited “inventories of possibility” and an internalization of dominant norms and structures. Even as subjects posture their culture and practices as moral, communitarian alternatives to capitalist greed, local economic strategies took on entrepreneurial characteristics that articulated with neoliberal ambitions of state and global institutions; peasant ambitions and desires are produced and invoked as if they were locally derived, while at the same time being co‐constituted by dominant interests. I discuss how these dramas unfold, with attention to the creative agency exercised by locals.
Naming Brazil's previously poor: “New middle class” as an economic, political, and experiential category
Authors: Klein Charles H. , Mitchell Sean T. , Junge Benjamin
Published: January 2018

The early years of the twenty‐first century were historic for socioeconomic relations in Brazil. While long known for stark socioeconomic inequality, the nation became internationally celebrated for its economic growth and successful poverty‐reduction initiatives, which together propelled some 35 million “previously poor” Brazilians into what became called a “new middle class.” The apparent rise of this “new” class has generated contentious debate and a range of social science studies in Brazil; yet this literature is little known in the Anglophone academic world. While some have interpreted this demographic transformation as an expansion of the existing middle class, others have questioned the utility of income‐ or consumption‐based criteria for the category “middle class.” Drawing from ongoing research in working‐class neighborhoods in three Brazilian cities (Recife, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo), this article reviews and engages these important debates, examines the extent to which Brazil's class structure has changed, and presents a conceptual framework for understanding experiences of socioeconomic mobility and class subjectivities among Brazil's “previously poor.”
Production for consumption: Prosumer, citizen‐consumer, and ethical consumption in a postgrowth context
Authors: Kosnik Elisabeth
Published: January 2018

“Do‐it‐yourself” and “grow‐it‐yourself” continue as popular trends throughout industrialized urban market societies; from community gardens to community‐supported agriculture, people engage in various schemes of self‐provisioning and alternative economies. Some go beyond growing fruits and vegetables for immediate consumption and opt for a rural lifestyle centered on voluntary self‐provisioning—people who choose a lifestyle that allows them to eat independently from the food industry. This article is based on ethnographic research on lifestyle subsistence farmers in central Europe and New Zealand. In this article, I investigate practices of self‐provisioning and diverse economies, drawing on Alvin Toffler's concept of the “prosumer” to investigate what production for consumption might mean in regard to discourses on ethical consumption, social distinction, and the “citizen‐consumer” within the context of a postgrowth society.
Biobased Diels‐Alder Engineered Network from Furfuryl Alcohol and Epoxy Resin: Preparation and Mechano‐Physical Characteristics
Authors: Karami Zeinab , Zohuriaan‐Mehr Mohammad Jalal , Rostami Ali
Published: January 2018

This study reports the use of Diels‐Alder (DA) chemistry to engineer a three‐step strategy for making a novel hybrid epoxy‐furan network (HDAN), from DGEBA resin and the fully bio‐based monomer furfuryl alcohol (FA). Thus, a furfurylated epoxy resin‐ (FER) was synthesized via reaction of DGEBA and FA. FER was blended with poly(furfuryl alcohol) bio‐resin, and in turn crosslinked with a bismaleimide to form HDAN. HDAN showed an inferior mechanical properties but superior thermo‐stability compared to those of a control sample i.e. amine‐cured DGEBA. Degradability of HDAN network was investigated both by thermal and ultrasonic methods. The results proved that the ultrasonic degradation isan alternative method for the thermal retro‐DA reaction. DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation, disconnection and re‐formation of DA cross‐linkages. Excellent thermo‐remending of scratched samples and practical welding of separated sample pieces were also approved by electron microscopy. In conclusion, HDAN was considered as an initiative candidate to be used in advanced applications (e. g., polymer composites…) requiring re‐processability, re‐mendability and weldability.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Synthesis of the Bromine‐Rich Bromidoplatinates [NBu3Me]2[Pt2Br10](Br2)2 and [NBu3Me]2[Pt2Br10](Br2)3
Authors: Eich Andreas , Köppe Ralf , Roesky Peter W. , Feldmann Claus
Published: January 2018

The bromine‐rich bromidoplatinates(IV) [NBu3Me]2[Pt2Br10](Br2)2 (1) and [NBu3Me]2[Pt2Br10](Br2)3 (2) were prepared by reaction of PtBr4 and elemental bromine in the ionic liquid [MeBu3N][N(Tf)2] [N(Tf)2 = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide]. Both bromine‐rich bromidoplatinates(IV) contain [Pt2Br10]2– anions and [NBu3Me]+ cations as voluminous building units with an almost identical structural arrangement and very similar unit cells. The difference of the title compounds is related to the specific number of Br2 molecules that link the [Pt2Br10]2– anions to three‐dimensional networks. Whereas 1 is relatively stable under inert conditions, 2 releases bromine even at ambient pressure. The title compounds are characterized by single‐crystal structure analysis and Raman spectroscopy.
Coordination Polymers based on the Neutral Ditopic Ligand (C6H4PO(OCH3)2)2 Involving some f‐Block Elements
Authors: Krekić Kristijan , Käkel Eireen , Klintuch Dieter , Bloß Dana , Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: January 2018

An improved synthesis using microwave heating affords (C6H4PO(OCH3)2)2 in excellent isolated yield (95 %). The ligand properties of this bisphosphonateester were explored towards hard metal centers M2+ (M = Ca, UO2) and M3+ (M = La, Ce, Sm, Eu) resulting in coordination polymers, for which the reduction of ionic size of the central metal atom resulted in lower‐dimensional structural motifs as opposed to higher dimensional networks obtained for the larger ions. All coordination polymers were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and combustion analysis. The ligand was furthermore characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Structure of Melamium Bromide C6N11H10Br and Melamium Iodide C6N11H10I
Authors: Kessler Fabian K. , Koller Thaddäus J. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

Melamium bromide and melamium iodide were synthesized from dicyandiamide in the presence of ammonium halides in evacuated Duran glass ampoules at temperatures of 450 °C. The crystal structures of both compounds were obtained from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Melamium bromide C6N11H10Br crystallizes in space group P21/n [no. 14, a = 7.0500(5), b = 28.7096(18), c = 10.8783(8) Å, β = 96.060(2)°, Z = 8, wR2 = 0.2231] and exhibits a layer‐like arrangement of melamium ions, wherein both planar as well as twisted molecular structures of the cations occur. Melamium iodide C6N11H10I crystallizes in space group P21/c [no. 14, a = 6.8569(3), b = 11.9949(6), c = 14.0932(6) Å, β = 97.613(2)°, Z = 4, wR2 = 0.0654], however in a structure completely different from the one of melamium bromide. The melamium iodide structure is comprised of stacks of planar melamium ions that form complex, hydrogen‐bonded network layers with iodide ions within the layers. Both compounds were further characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. Melamium bromide and melamium iodide could be obtained as air stable and colorless crystals. Samples are crystallographically phase pure as shown by Rietveld refinement.
Modeling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Social Networks with the Frailty Exponential Random Graph Model
Authors: Box-Steffensmeier Janet M. , Christenson Dino P. , Morgan Jason W.
Published: January 2018

In the study of social processes, the presence of unobserved heterogeneity is a regular concern. It should be particularly worrisome for the statistical analysis of networks, given the complex dependencies that shape network formation combined with the restrictive assumptions of related models. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of explicitly accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in exponential random graph models (ERGM) with a Monte Carlo analysis and two applications that have played an important role in the networks literature. Overall, these analyses show that failing to account for unobserved heterogeneity can have a significant impact on inferences about network formation. The proposed frailty extension to the ERGM (FERGM) generally outperforms the ERGM in these cases, and does so by relatively large margins. Moreover, our novel multilevel estimation strategy has the advantage of avoiding the problem of degeneration that plagues the standard MCMC-MLE approach.
Evidence into practice
Authors: Chilvers Rupatharshini , Harrison Glynn , Sipos Attila , Barley Madeline
Published: January 2018

Psychiatrists have long recognised that routine clinical practice needs to be shaped and informed by external evidence (Lewis, 1958). Psychiatric researchers were among the first to utilise multi-centre randomised controlled trials (demonstrating the effectiveness of antipsychotics), and psychologists were among the first in the health field to develop techniques of meta-analysis. Social workers, too, point to their tradition with the publication of one of the earliest controlled trials (Lehrman, 1949).
[No Title]
Authors: Vestergaard P. , Licht R. W.
Published: January 2018

Gracious & Falodun find that our study of mortality in affective disorder patients commenced on lithium (Brodersen et al, 2000) paints an unfairly negative picture of lithium's efficacy. They object to our intention-to-treat analysis of all patients commenced on lithium irrespective of compliance, which showed a significantly elevated standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 2.5. They suggest that we should have compared compliant with non-compliant patients and with the general population, as did Kallner et al (2000).
Corporate Strategies and Global Competition: Odense Steel Shipyard, 1918–2012
Authors: Poulsen René Taudal , Jensen Kristoffer , Christensen René Schrøder , Jiang Liping
Published: January 2018

This article analyzes the competitive strategies of Odense Steel Shipyard between 1918 and 2012 and challenges existing scholarship on competition in global industries. Until the 1980s, the yard adopted typical strategies in shipbuilding, starting with cost leadership and subsequently adopting global segmentation and differentiation strategies. From the mid-1980s, however, it successfully followed a unique national responsiveness strategy, which scholars including Dong Sung Cho and Michael E. Porter had ruled out in shipbuilding. The article shows how shipyard owners shaped strategies and influenced competitiveness.
Narrative, History, Critique
Authors: BOHMANN ULF
Published: January 2018

In Chapter 8 ofThe Language Animal, Charles Taylor claims that narratives are unsubstitutable for an appropriate understanding of social life and ‘human affairs’ in general. In order to identify open questions in his argumentation as well as unwanted consequences of his outlook, I proceed in three consecutive steps. I first problematize Taylor’s distinction between laws and stories, then go on to address his intentional blurring of stories and histories, and finally suggest that the concept of genealogy might be a promising candidate for describing Taylor’s approach, concluding that he implicitly forms the equation: narrative equals history equals critique.
L’individuation des parties temporelles
Authors: CAHEN MURIEL
Published: January 2018

Tous les perdurantistes soutiennent que les objets persistent dans le temps en ayant différentes parties temporelles à différents moments de leur existence. Cependant, alors que la majorité d’entre eux considère que les parties temporelles sont individuées par leurs limites temporelles, une minorité pense qu’elles sont individuées par un principe d’unité. Après un examen critique de ces deux options, je défendrai une nouvelle version de la seconde, notamment en montrant qu’elle est mieux à même de défendre le perdurantisme face aux les autres conceptions de la persistance.
OBSERVING PITCH GESTURES FAVORS THE LEARNING OF SPANISH INTONATION BY MANDARIN SPEAKERS
Authors: Yuan Chenjie , González-Fuente Santiago , Baills Florence , Prieto Pilar
Published: January 2018

Recent studies on the learning of L2 prosody have suggested that pitch gestures can enhance the learning of the L2 lexical tones. Yet it remains unclear whether the use of these gestures can aid the learning of L2 intonation, especially by tonal-language speakers. Sixty-four Mandarin speakers with basic-level Spanish were asked to learn three Spanish intonation patterns, all involving a low tone on the nuclear accent. In a pre-post test experimental design, half of the participants received intonation training without the use of pitch gestures (the control group) while the other half received the same training but with pitch gestures representing nuclear intonation contours (the experimental group). Musical (melody, pitch) abilities were also measured. The results revealed that (a) the experimental group significantly improved intonational production outcomes, and (b) even though participants with stronger musical abilities performed better, those with weaker musical abilities benefited more from observing pitch gestures.
Longitudinal Loneliness and Its Risk Factors among Older People in England
Authors: Yang Keming
Published: January 2018

Cet article présente les trajectoires longitudinales de la solitude associée au vieillissement et modélise les impacts de ses différents facteurs de risques. Les données proviennent des vagues 2 à 6 (2004/5 – 2012/13) de l’Étude longitudinale anglaise sur le vieillissement de la population (English Longitudinal Studies of Ageing; ELSA). Les répondants ayant participé à au moins deux vagues qui ont répondu de manière valide à l’Échelle de solitude de la UCLA (UCLA three-item loneliness scale) ont été inclus dans l’étude (ligne de base : n = 9171). Bien que les statistiques décrivant les changements entre les vagues confirment la stabilité de la solitude dans une optique longitudinale chez les personnes âgées, une attention particulière devrait être portée à la proportion restreinte de personnes âgées qui se retrouvent dans une « solitude longitudinale ». L’état de santé autodéclaré et les relations avec l’époux et les enfants faisaient partie des facteurs de risques significatifs; aussi, les changements dans le lien de proximité avec l’époux affectaient davantage le score de solitude que la perte de l’époux. D’autres recherches devront être menées afin d’identifier les événements personnels et sociaux qui accroissent la solitude des personnes âgées sur le long terme.
Effects of resolution in real and reciprocal spaces from a 2D detector at a high-energy synchrotron beamline
Authors: Bernasconi Andrea , Wright Jonathan
Published: January 2018

Different experimental conditions at a versatile high-energy beamline equipped with a two-dimensional detector have been compared for powder diffraction and pair distribution function (PDF) experiments. In particular, sample size and sample to detector distances have been evaluated on a standard sample, to evaluate their effects in bothQand real space. Two illustrative cases are also discussed. The average structure and local distortions in a BaTiO3powder with 100 nm particle size show that spurious ripples in the PDF are suppressed by increased counting statistics. Effects of small amounts of a crystalline impurity phase on a SiO2.Al2O3.Na2O.CaO glass have been quantified.
The Gender Gaps in Identity and Political Attitudes among American Indians
Authors: Herrick Rebekah
Published: January 2018

While there is much research examining gender gaps in political attitudes, there is less examining how gender gaps differ within social groups. This article helps fill that void by examining gender gaps among American Indians. Using two surveys, the initial findings suggest that among American Indians, women have a stronger American Indian identity, are more likely to support women's/compassion issues, and are more likely to be Democrats. It further finds that the gender gap in party is more likely the result of the gender gap in compassion issues than in American Indian identity. Additional analysis finds that among American Indians who prioritize their American Indian identity, the partisan gender gap is reversed, with men being significantly more likely to be Democrats. Although this study finds some similarities between the gaps among American Indians and whites, it also finds some unique gaps among American Indians. This suggests the need to look at the intersectionality of gender and social groups to fully understand the gender gaps.
SIRT6-dependent cysteine monoubiquitination in the PRE-SET domain of Suv39h1 regulates the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Santos-Barriopedro Irene , Bosch-Presegué Laia , Marazuela-Duque Anna , de la Torre Carolina , Colomer Carlota , Vazquez Berta N. , Fuhrmann Thomas , Martínez-Pastor Bárbara , Lu Wenfu , Braun Thomas , Bober Eva , Jenuwein Thomas , Serrano Lourdes , Esteller Manel , Chen Zhenbang , Barceló-Batllori Silvia , Mostoslavsky Raúl , Espinosa Lluis , Vaquero Alejandro
Published: January 2018

Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that facilitate cellular stress response. They include SirT6, which protects genome stability and regulates metabolic homeostasis through gene silencing, and whose loss induces an accelerated aging phenotype directly linked to hyperactivation of the NF-κB pathway. Here we show that SirT6 binds to the H3K9me3-specific histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 and induces monoubiquitination of conserved cysteines in the PRE-SET domain of Suv39h1. Following activation of NF-κB signaling Suv39h1 is released from the IκBα locus, subsequently repressing the NF-κB pathway. We propose that SirT6 attenuates the NF-κB pathway through IκBα upregulation via cysteine monoubiquitination and chromatin eviction of Suv39h1. We suggest a mechanism based on SirT6-mediated enhancement of a negative feedback loop that restricts the NF-κB pathway.
Versatile and on-demand biologics co-production in yeast
Authors: Cao Jicong , Perez-Pinera Pablo , Lowenhaupt Ky , Wu Ming-Ru , Purcell Oliver , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar , Lu Timothy K.
Published: January 2018

Current limitations to on-demand drug manufacturing can be addressed by technologies that streamline manufacturing processes. Combining the production of two or more drugs into a single batch could not only be useful for research, clinical studies, and urgent therapies but also effective when combination therapies are needed or where resources are scarce. Here we propose strategies to concurrently produce multiple biologics from yeast in single batches by multiplexing strain development, cell culture, separation, and purification. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for three biologics co-production strategies: (i) inducible expression of multiple biologics and control over the ratio between biologic drugs produced together; (ii) consolidated bioprocessing; and (iii) co-expression and co-purification of a mixture of two monoclonal antibodies. We then use these basic strategies to produce drug mixtures as well as to separate drugs. These strategies offer a diverse array of options for on-demand, flexible, low-cost, and decentralized biomanufacturing applications without the need for specialized equipment.
HoxC5 and miR-615-3p target newly evolved genomic regions to repress hTERT and inhibit tumorigenesis
Authors: Yan TingDong , Ooi Wen Fong , Qamra Aditi , Cheung Alice , Ma DongLiang , Sundaram Gopinath Meenakshi , Xu Chang , Xing Manjie , Poon LaiFong , Wang Jing , Loh Yan Ping , Ho Jess Hui Jie , Ng Joscelyn Jun Quan , Ramlee Muhammad Khairul , Aswad Luay , Rozen Steve G. , Ghosh Sujoy , Bard Frederic A. , Sampath Prabha , Tergaonkar Vinay , Davies James O. J. , Hughes Jim R. , Goh Eyleen , Bi Xuezhi , Fullwood Melissa Jane , Tan Patrick , Li Shang
Published: January 2018

The repression of telomerase activity during cellular differentiation promotes replicative aging and functions as a physiological barrier for tumorigenesis in long-lived mammals, including humans. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we describe how miR-615-3p represses hTERT expression. mir-615-3p is located in an intron of the HOXC5 gene, a member of the highly conserved homeobox family of transcription factors controlling embryogenesis and development. Unexpectedly, we found that HoxC5 also represses hTERT expression by disrupting the long-range interaction between hTERT promoter and its distal enhancer. The 3′UTR of hTERT and its upstream enhancer region are well conserved in long-lived primates. Both mir-615-3p and HOXC5 are activated upon differentiation, which constitute a feed-forward loop that coordinates transcriptional and post-transcriptional repression of hTERT during cellular differentiation. Deregulation of HOXC5 and mir-615-3p expression may contribute to the activation of hTERT in human cancers.
A proline deletion in IFNAR1 impairs IFN-signaling and underlies increased resistance to tuberculosis in humans
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , deWeerd Nicole A. , Stifter Sebastian A. , Liu Lei , Zhou Boping , Wang Wenfei , Zhou Yiping , Ying Binwu , Hu Xuejiao , Matthews Antony Y. , Ellis Magda , Triccas James A. , Hertzog Paul J. , Britton Warwick J. , Chen Xinchun , Feng Carl G.
Published: January 2018

Type I interferons (IFN), best known for their anti-viral functions, have been shown to impair host resistance to intracellular bacteria in mice. However, the precise role of type I IFN signaling in bacterial infection in humans is unclear. Here, we show that genetic variation in the human IFNAR1 gene is associated with decreased susceptibility to tuberculosis and an increased risk of viral hepatitis in Chinese populations. Receptor mutagenesis and cell signaling studies establish that the IFNAR1 mutation corresponding to a proline deletion in the hinge region of the membrane-proximal domain of IFNAR1 decreases the binding affinity of IFNAR1 to IFN-β, impeding type I IFN signaling. Our findings suggest that IFNAR1 signaling underlies an increased risk of tuberculosis in humans and reveals a function for the IFNAR1 inter-domain region in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and signal transduction.
Interneuron-specific signaling evokes distinctive somatostatin-mediated responses in adult cortical astrocytes
Authors: Mariotti Letizia , Losi Gabriele , Lia Annamaria , Melone Marcello , Chiavegato Angela , Gómez-Gonzalo Marta , Sessolo Michele , Bovetti Serena , Forli Angelo , Zonta Micaela , Requie Linda Maria , Marcon Iacopo , Pugliese Arianna , Viollet Cécile , Bettler Bernhard , Fellin Tommaso , Conti Fiorenzo , Carmignoto Giorgio
Published: January 2018

The signaling diversity of GABAergic interneurons to post-synaptic neurons is crucial to generate the functional heterogeneity that characterizes brain circuits. Whether this diversity applies to other brain cells, such as the glial cells astrocytes, remains unexplored. Using optogenetics and two-photon functional imaging in the adult mouse neocortex, we here reveal that parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons, two key interneuron classes in the brain, differentially signal to astrocytes inducing weak and robust GABAB receptor-mediated Ca2+ elevations, respectively. Furthermore, the astrocyte response depresses upon parvalbumin interneuron repetitive stimulations and potentiates upon somatostatin interneuron repetitive stimulations, revealing a distinguished astrocyte plasticity. Remarkably, the potentiated response crucially depends on the neuropeptide somatostatin, released by somatostatin interneurons, which activates somatostatin receptors at astrocytic processes. Our study unveils, in the living brain, a hitherto unidentified signaling specificity between interneuron subtypes and astrocytes opening a new perspective into the role of astrocytes as non-neuronal components of inhibitory circuits.
Carotenoid metabolism strengthens the link between feather coloration and individual quality
Authors: Weaver Ryan J. , Santos Eduardo S. A. , Tucker Anna M. , Wilson Alan E. , Hill Geoffrey E.
Published: January 2018

Thirty years of research has made carotenoid coloration a textbook example of an honest signal of individual quality, but tests of this idea are surprisingly inconsistent. Here, to investigate sources of this heterogeneity, we perform meta-analyses of published studies on the relationship between carotenoid-based feather coloration and measures of individual quality. To create color displays, animals use either carotenoids unchanged from dietary components or carotenoids that they biochemically convert before deposition. We hypothesize that converted carotenoids better reflect individual quality because of the physiological links between cellular function and carotenoid metabolism. We show that feather coloration is an honest signal of some, but not all, measures of quality. Where these relationships exist, we show that converted, but not dietary, carotenoid coloration drives the relationship. Our results have broad implications for understanding the evolutionary role of carotenoid coloration and the physiological mechanisms that maintain signal honesty of animal ornamental traits.
Disclosing the double mutualist role of birds on Galápagos
Authors: Olesen Jens M. , Damgaard Christian F. , Fuster Francisco , Heleno Ruben H. , Nogales Manuel , Rumeu Beatriz , Trøjelsgaard Kristian , Vargas Pablo , Traveset Anna
Published: January 2018

Life on oceanic islands deviate in many ways from that on the mainland. Their biodiversity is relatively poor and some groups are well-represented, others not, especially not insects. A scarcity of insects forces birds to explore alternative food, such as nectar and fruit. In this way, island birds may pollinate and disperse seed to an extent unseen on any mainland; they may even first consume floral resources of a plant species and then later harvest the fruit of the same species. Through this biotic reuse, they may act as double mutualists. The latter have never been studied at the level of the network, because they are traditionally considered rare. We sampled pollination and seed-dispersal interactions on Galápagos and constructed a plant-bird mutualism network of 108 plant (12% being double mutualists) and 21 bird species (48% being double mutualists), and their 479 interactions, being either single (95%) or double mutualisms (5%). Double mutualists constitute the core in the pollination-dispersal network, coupling the two link types together. They may also initiate positive feedbacks (more pollination leading to more dispersal), which theoretically are known to be unstable. Thus, double mutualisms may be a necessary, but risky prerequisite to the survival of island biodiversity.
In situ immune response and mechanisms of cell damage in central nervous system of fatal cases microcephaly by Zika virus
Authors: Azevedo Raimunda S. S. , de Sousa Jorge R. , Araujo Marialva T. F. , Martins Filho Arnaldo J. , de Alcantara Bianca N. , Araujo Fernanda M. C. , Queiroz Maria G. L. , Cruz Ana C. R. , Vasconcelos Beatriz H. Baldez , Chiang Jannifer O. , Martins Lívia C. , Casseb Livia M. N. , da Silva Eliana V. , Carvalho Valéria L. , Vasconcelos Barbara C. Baldez , Rodrigues Sueli G. , Oliveira Consuelo S. , Quaresma Juarez A. S. , Vasconcelos Pedro F. C.
Published: January 2018

Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently caused a pandemic disease, and many cases of ZIKV infection in pregnant women resulted in abortion, stillbirth, deaths and congenital defects including microcephaly, which now has been proposed as ZIKV congenital syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the in situ immune response profile and mechanisms of neuronal cell damage in fatal Zika microcephaly cases. Brain tissue samples were collected from 15 cases, including 10 microcephalic ZIKV-positive neonates with fatal outcome and five neonatal control flavivirus-negative neonates that died due to other causes, but with preserved central nervous system (CNS) architecture. In microcephaly cases, the histopathological features of the tissue samples were characterized in three CNS areas (meninges, perivascular space, and parenchyma). The changes found were mainly calcification, necrosis, neuronophagy, gliosis, microglial nodules, and inflammatory infiltration of mononuclear cells. The in situ immune response against ZIKV in the CNS of newborns is complex. Despite the predominant expression of Th2 cytokines, other cytokines such as Th1, Th17, Treg, Th9, and Th22 are involved to a lesser extent, but are still likely to participate in the immunopathogenic mechanisms of neural disease in fatal cases of microcephaly caused by ZIKV.
LSD1 activation promotes inducible EMT programs and modulates the tumour microenvironment in breast cancer
Authors: Boulding T. , McCuaig R. D. , Tan A. , Hardy K. , Wu F. , Dunn J. , Kalimutho M. , Sutton C. R. , Forwood J. K. , Bert A. G. , Goodall G. J. , Malik L. , Yip D. , Dahlstrom J. E. , Zafar A. , Khanna K. K. , Rao S.
Published: January 2018

Complex regulatory networks control epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but the underlying epigenetic control is poorly understood. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a key histone demethylase that alters the epigenetic landscape. Here we explored the role of LSD1 in global epigenetic regulation of EMT, cancer stem cells (CSCs), the tumour microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. LSD1 induced pan-genomic gene expression in networks implicated in EMT and selectively elicits gene expression programs in CSCs whilst repressing non-CSC programs. LSD1 phosphorylation at serine-111 (LSD1-s111p) by chromatin anchored protein kinase C-theta (PKC-θ), is critical for its demethylase and EMT promoting activity and LSD1-s111p is enriched in chemoresistant cells in vivo. LSD1 couples to PKC-θ on the mesenchymal gene epigenetic template promotes LSD1-mediated gene induction. In vivo, chemotherapy reduced tumour volume, and when combined with an LSD1 inhibitor, abrogated the mesenchymal signature and promoted an innate, M1 macrophage-like tumouricidal immune response. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients were enriched with LSD1 and pharmacological blockade of LSD1 suppressed the mesenchymal and stem-like signature in these patient-derived CTCs. Overall, LSD1 inhibition may serve as a promising epigenetic adjuvant therapy to subvert its pleiotropic roles in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance.
Gadoterate meglumine decreases ADC values of breast lesions depending on the b value combination
Authors: Arponen Otso , Sudah Mazen , Sutela Anna , Taina Mikko , Masarwah Amro , Liimatainen Timo , Vanninen Ritva
Published: January 2018

To retrospectively evaluated the influence of administration of the gadolinium based intravenous contrast agent (G-CA) on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in ADC maps generated using multiple b value combinations. A total of 106 women underwent bilateral 3.0 T breast MRI. As an internal validation, diffusion-weighted imaging (b values of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 s/mm2) was performed before and after the G-CA (gadoterate meglumine (0.2 ml/kg, 3 ml/s)). Whole lesion and fibroglandular tissue (FGT) covering region-of-interests (ROIs) were drawn on the b = 800 s/mm2 images; ROIs were then propagated to multiple retrospectively generated ADC maps. Twenty-seven patients (mean age 55.8 ± 10.8 years) with 32 mass-like enhancing breast lesions including 25 (78.1 %) histopathologically malignant lesions were enrolled. Lesion ADC values were statistically significantly higher in pre-G-CA than post-G-CA ADC maps (ADC0,200,400,600,800: 1.05 ± 0.35 × 10−3 mm2/s vs. 1.02 ± 0.36 × 10−3 mm2/s (P < 0.05); ADC0,200,400: 1.25 ± 0.42 × 10−3 mm2/s vs. 1.20 ± 0.35 × 10−3 mm2/s (P < 0.05)). ADC values between pre- and post-contrast maps were not statistically different when the maps were generated using other b value combinations. Contrast agent administration did not affect the FGT ADC values. G-CA statistically significantly reduced the ADC values of breast lesions on ADC maps generated using the clinically widely utilized b values.
Low-dimensional organization of angular momentum during walking on a narrow beam
Authors: Chiovetto Enrico , Huber Meghan E. , Sternad Dagmar , Giese Martin A.
Published: January 2018

Walking on a beam is a challenging motor skill that requires the regulation of upright balance and stability. The difficulty in beam walking results from the reduced base of support compared to that afforded by flat ground. One strategy to maintain stability and hence avoid falling off the beam is to rotate the limb segments to control the body’s angular momentum. The aim of this study was to examine the coordination of the angular momentum variations during beam walking. We recorded movement kinematics of participants walking on a narrow beam and computed the angular momentum contributions of the body segments with respect to three different axes. Results showed that, despite considerable variability in the movement kinematics, the angular momentum was characterized by a low-dimensional organization based on a small number of segmental coordination patterns. When the angular momentum was computed with respect to the beam axis, the largest fraction of its variation was accounted for by the trunk segment. This simple organization was robust and invariant across all participants. These findings support the hypothesis that control strategies for complex balancing tasks might be easier to understand by investigating angular momentum instead of the segmental kinematics.