bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De presbitero geniti. Dyspensy od nieprawego urodzenia dla średniowiecznego kleru pruskiego
Authors: Sumowski Marcin
Published: December 2024

The article examines the issue of illegitimate birth (defectus natalium) among clergy in late medieval Prussia. As one of the irregularities under canon law (irregularitas), it posed a barrier to ordination. However, papal dispensations offered a potential solution, typically granted by the Apostolic Penitentiary. This study primarily focuses on dispensations obtained through this route. The analysis of twenty-one supplications from Prussian dioceses spanning 1431–1523 reveals a significantly lower number compared to the rest of Europe, which was likely influenced by Prussia’s peripheral status, church structures, legal awareness, and the scope of interactions with the Holy See. The article also explores the social demographics of those seeking dispensations, noting a prevalence of scholars. Additionally, it examines the status of parents of illegitimate clergy candidates. Seven of them were from lay relationships of single state (solutus/soluta), two from relationships of a man of single state and a married woman (solutus/coniugata), while 12 were descendants of priests. The discussion of illegitimate births of clergymen and their efforts to obtain dispensations is enriched by a detailed examination of the case of brothers Albert and Kirstan from Ostrowite in Gdańsk Pomerania, sons of a local parson who sought dispensation for ordination. In 1380, they successfully obtained dispensation from the Apostolic Penitentiary, later approved by the Archbishop of Gniezno as their proper ordinary. The article includes two documents from the State Archives in Toruń related to this case, contributing significantly due to the scarcity of such sources, exacerbated by the absence of preserved files from the Apostolic Penitentiary during this period.
Nieślubne dzieci w Czechach pod koniec długiego XIX wieku w świetle twórczości wybranych czeskich pisarek
Authors: Gańczarczyk Gabriela Maria
Published: December 2024

The goal of the article is to demonstrate how illegitimate children were portrayed in Czech literature at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. To illustrate this phenomenon, the works of four Czech authors are used: playwright Gabriela Preissova and prose writers Božena Vikova‑Kuněticka, Růžena Svobodova, and Amalie Vrbova, who published under the male pseudonym Jiři Sumin. The analysis of individual literary works is preceded by an extensive introduction, in which, using the example of the Austro‑Hungarian Empire, the unequal legal situation of illegitimate children at the end of the “long” nineteenth century is presented and explained. Additionally, briefly discussed are issues related to illegitimate birth, such as infanticide and the availability of marriage.
Is it Possible to Die of Sadness? Emotions and Physical Health in the Annals of Jan Długosz
Authors: Słaboszowska Kalina
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the intersection between emotions and physical health in the narration of the “Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae” by Jan Długosz (1415–1480). The research is placed within the framework of the history of emotions, a field aimed at determining how people in the past used to perceive and experience emotions. Its main scope is to find out how emotions can influence the body and health according to the medieval author. The descriptions of illnesses and deaths caused by the influence of emotions are analysed both from the point of view of the medieval medicine and approach to emotions as well as contemporary concepts of psychosomatics and Susan Sontag’s approach.
A Trapped Body or a Living Stone? The Case of Grisaille and Demi-grisaille Paintings by Hans Memling
Authors: Woziński Andrzej
Published: December 2024

The en grisaille convention appeared in painting at the beginning of the fourteenth century in Italy, although it was already known in Antiquity – for instance, it is mentioned by Pliny the Elder, who calls it “monochromata.” It was quickly adopted by the French painters, especially illuminators. In the early fifteenth century, Dutch artists began to use it as well to decorate the closed wings of altarpieces with images imitating stone carvings. Monochrome was also used by Hans Memling, who introduced several innovations to this technique. There are several variants of monochrome in his works; though it should also be noted that he did not always use it. In almost all of his works, Memling gave the figures painted en grisaille an ambiguous character. They combine in varying proportions the qualities of living, corporeal beings and at the same time the qualities of a stone sculpture. They are also materially different from the accompanying lay persons and various accessories painted in multicolour. The reverses are fundamentally different from the open versions of the retables, where the scale and intensity of colour is incomparably richer; moreover, they are shallower in space and more modestly arranged. One of the most salient features of retables with movable wings is the transformation that takes place in the process of opening them. In Memling’s work, it has several stages: it begins with the closed wings, where, by means of illusion, the stone is transformed into a figure and the sculpture into a painting; it is then followed by a further, more radical stage after the opening of the wings: sacred reality appears in its full material and colour dimension, close to, but not identical to, the empirical world. The transformations of form, colour, and conventions that occur in Memling’s retables cannot be explained by purely liturgical considerations; such may have come into play in the large retables from Gdańsk and Lübeck intended to furnish chapels, while the small triptychs served private devotions and very possibly functioned in secular spaces. What is certain is that Memling’s monochrome images have an indeterminate status both in terms of their materiality – they are neither stone nor living being – and in terms of their genre – they are neither an imitation of a sculpture nor a painting, or in other words: they are at once stone and living beings, imitation sculpture and direct painting. This precarious state of the permanent intermingling of matter and means of expression made it all the more inviting to open the wings in order to find there – in the open retable – the solution to the riddle posed by the images outside.
"Through the stars to health", or Iatromathematics in Rescue of the Ailing Body. A Review of Late Medieval Sources from Kraków
Authors: Konarska-Zimnicka Sylwia
Published: December 2024

Healthcare has always been one of the key elements of human existence. The issue of the prevention of diseases and all kinds of ailments was taken up by scholars who represented various disciplines. Iatromathematics, combining medicine and astrology, offered excellent possibilities. The interpretation of this knowledge can be found in various astrological treatises, notes, calendars and prognostics, or strictly iatromathematical works. It is in these works that the manner and scale of the influence of the elements of the lunar world on man in the context of his health and illness are described. It is also here that a description of a rich array of diseases and ailments that affected the human body can be found. This gives us the possibility to deduce what type of diseases they were, but also how frequently they occurred. All this is placed in the context of the parallels between the macro‑and the microcosm.
Women and Insanity in English Renaissance Drama
Authors: Szwach Agnieszka , Wojciechowska Beata
Published: December 2024

The following article presents how in the sixteenth century England, thanks to the increased awarness of the problems with mental disorders, the stories of madness entered the world of Renaissance drama and appeared in the works of numerous writers. As early modern culture and literature made attempts to understand female melancholy or insanity, particular focus is given to the characters of Ophelia in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and the Duchess in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi. The thorough analysis of the texts shows that contrary to the then common belief that all women’s illness and irrationality derived from the womb, those were, too a great degree, social constraints which affected women and pushed them into insanity. Oppressive, male dominant and chaotic socjety either pushed women into a state of complete madness, which subsequently results in death or it is the madness, confusion and chaos around them that was the cause of their death.
Bruises, Bumps and Bloody Wounds. Body Injuries to the Victims of Physical Volence in Gdańsk in the 16th−17th Centuries
Authors: Kaczor Dariusz
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the issue of physical injuries resulting from interpersonal conflicts, in particular arguments, disputes, ordinary brawls and deliberate acts of physical violence occurring in the lower and middle classes in urban settings, based on the example of Gdańsk at the end of the 16th century and in the first half of the 17th century. This is based on the records of physical examination reports drawn up by the city’s barber‑surgeons on behalf of the municipal authorities for law enforcement purposes, subsequently appended to the burgrave’s and deputy mayor’s registers. In total, more than 18,000 such documents dated between 1580 and 1642 have survived. This enables an analysis of the subject at hand on a icro‑historical scale, as well as employing a statistical (quantitative) approach. The paper considers undamental issues pertaining to the nature and extent of injuries, common injury types, lasting damage, as well as questions regarding injuries, the origin and cause of which fall between physical and symbolic violence – this concerns aggressive demonstrative behaviour, marks of shame and others.
Amok and Its Punishment in 17th Century Dutch Batavia through the Eyes of Johann Gottfried Dreyer from Gdańsk
Authors: Jaśniewicz-Downes Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

In the years 1685–1687 Gottfried Dreyer from Gdańsk stayed in Batavia (Jakarta) as a soldier in the service of the Dutch East India Company. Back in his native city, Dreyer wrote down memories of his travels. His description of Batavia in the travelogue written in 1706 is opened by an account of public executions of native men guilty of running amok. The analysis of this fragment of the journal will provide insight into the author’s mentality: his perception of public executions, as well as criminal and legitimate violence, his attitude towards the colonial authorities and the indigenous inhabitants of Java. Gottfried Dreyer’s detailed recount of the Batavian spectacle of power and accompanying drawings are shedding light on the details of the proceedings. Moreover, Dreyer recalled beliefs of the Javanese which were underpinning their understanding of the punishment. The text gives a distinctive insight into the workings of the judicial system in Batavia and includes information previously not discussed in the literature on penal practices in seventeenth‑century Java.
Corporal and Dishonourable Punishments in the Union Army during the American Civil War in the Light of Army Regulations and Reports of the General Courts-Martial in the IX Corps of the Army of the Potomac
Authors: Derengowski Piotr
Published: December 2024

Both armies and the soldiers serving in them have, since the earliest times, functioned according to army regulations and military law. The primary purpose of such regulations has been to ensure effective army management. One of the sine qua non conditions was the maintenance of iron discipline and unconditional obedience of subordinates to their superiors. Any actions that threatened this principle were seen as detrimental to the army. Hence, it is not surprising that in practically all such situations, soldiers who committed rule‑breaking offences were brought before courts martial, tried and, if found guilty, convicted and punished according to the offence/crime committed. This article will Focus primarily on the various types of corporal and dishonourable punishments that were applied to soldiers during the American Civil War (1861–1865), most of which, from today’s perspective, would be seen as torture. This issue will be presented on the basis of contemporary army regulations and the proceedings of general courts‑martial, thus showing both the theoretical and practical side of the issue hand.
Między doświadczeniem wspólnot a samotnością. Interpretacja listownych próśb modlitewnych wysyłanych przez wiernych do Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej w latach 70. XX wieku
Authors: Gapiński Bartłomiej
Published: December 2024

The author analyses epistolary requests for prayers sent in the 1970s to the sanctuary in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska from the perspective of expressing loneliness and community identification. The article oscillates between historical and ethnological reflection, referring to „monoseology”, a coined term for a philosophical study on loneliness. The author analyses the attitudes of the faithful sending prayer requests to this sanctuary.
The article consists of four parts. In the first one, the history of the sanctuary in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska is presented. In the next part, the author analyses the Kalwaria letters with supplications for prayers as a historical source and attemps to make a general characteristic of them. In the third part, starting from the perspective of the history of solitude and monoseology, the author reflects on the expression of a solitary attitude in correspondence. He concludes by showing to which two fundamental communities the senders refer - namely, the family and the Church (identified in the Polish People’s Republic as a religious-national community).
Loneliness has a negative character in the correspondence, but it also expresses hope and faith in a positive change in life. Communities are perceived in the perspective of danger: the family’s disintegration and the Church’s confrontation with communism.
Tác động của marketing nội dung số đến quyết định mua của gen Z thông qua vai trò trung gian của hứng thú mua: Trường hợp mua dịch vụ giáo dục tiếng Anh
Authors: Châu Nguyễn Thị Bảo , Cảnh Nguyễn Minh
Published: December 2024

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá tác động của marketing nội dung số (digital content marketing) đến quyết định mua của khách hàng thuộc thế hệ gen Z thông qua vai trò trung gian của hứng thú mua trong lĩnh vực dịch vụ giáo dục tiếng Anh tại Thành phố Cần Thơ. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành khảo sát 300 người tham gia học tiếng Anh tại 41 trung tâm Anh ngữ và áp dụng phân tích bình phương tối thiểu từng phần của mô hình đường dẫn (PLS-SEM) trên phần mềm SmartPLS. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy việc sử dụng marketing nội dung số, dựa trên việc đo lường các yếu tố như giá trị thông tin, giá trị giải trí, giá trị xã hội, và giá trị chức năng, có tác động tích cực đến quyết định mua thông qua việc tăng cường hứng thú mua của khách hàng. Dựa trên kết quả này, tác giả đề xuất một số biện pháp quản trị nhằm cải thiện hiệu quả marketing nội dung số của các trung tâm Anh ngữ, nhằm thúc đẩy hứng thú mua và tăng cường quyết định mua của khách hàng thuộc thế hệ gen Z.
Legal Review of Misuse of Personal Portraits in WhatsApp Stickers
Authors: Sandi S Renda , Surya P Dhika
Published: December 2024

The development of information technology has facilitated digital communication, but has also opened up opportunities for privacy abuse, especially in the use of personal portraits without permission as WhatsApp stickers. This study analyzes the legal aspects, socio-psychological impacts, and prevention efforts related to the illegal use of personal portraits on digital platforms. Through a comprehensive review of Indonesian laws and regulations, the study reveals the complexity of personal data protection in the digital era. The results of the study show that despite the existence of a regulatory legal framework, there are still significant challenges in law enforcement, public awareness, and prevention technology. This study emphasizes the need for a multidimensional approach involving public education, strengthening regulations, and collaboration between the government, digital platforms, and law enforcement agencies to protect individual privacy rights.
Bridging Legal, Religious, and Human Rights Perspectives on LGBT Issue
Authors: Nurnisaa AS  , Okta Y Setyo Luthfi
Published: December 2024

This study examines the legal, religious, and human rights views of the LGBT community in Indonesia. This study aims to provide a broader understanding of how society's views of LGBT are influenced by legal, religious, and human rights factors. The formulation of the problem in this study focuses on how the legal, Islamic religion, and human rights views of the LGBT community in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with literature study as the main method, focusing on the analysis of relevant written sources, such as books, articles, reports, laws, interpretations, hadiths, and human rights documents. Despite legal efforts through the Constitutional Court's decision rejecting the criminalization of same-sex activity, discrimination against LGBT individuals continues, both through regional regulations and conservative religious views. The Islamic perspective that views homosexuality as deviant behavior exacerbates social stigma and legal challenges for LGBT individuals.
Updates of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
Authors: Kim Nam-Hee , Park Soo-Hyun
Published: December 2024

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia due to idiopathic granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus or orbital apex. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the etiology, diagnosis, and management of THS.
Postherpetic Neuralgia: Current Perspectives and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Kim Nam-Hee
Published: December 2024

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic neuropathic pain syndrome that persists for more than three months after the resolution of herpes zoster rash. This condition affects approximately 30% of the population, primarily the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. PHN can be severely debilitating and often proves challenging to treat effectively. Recent advances in prevention and treatment have improved the management of PHN. The introduction of herpes zoster vaccines has shown promise in reducing the incidence of both herpes zoster and PHN. Current treatment guidelines recommend a multimodal approach, with effective therapies including tricyclic antidepressants, topical lidocaine, gabapentin, pregabalin, opioids, and topical capsaicin. This review focuses on optimizing treatment strategies and developing novel therapies to further enhance PHN management.
Patterns of Brain Lesions in Adult-Onset Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Quantitative MRI Study
Authors: Kim Nam-Hee , Kim Dong-Eog , Park Kyung-Seok , Park Soo-Hyun
Published: December 2024

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder caused by CTG repeat expansion in the DMPK gene. Brain involvement in DM1 has been reported, but quantitative imaging data is limited. This study aimed to characterize and quantify brain structural abnormalities in DM1 using MRI and DUIH-Image software.Methods: Sixteen patients with classic DM1 (10 male, 6 female; age range 17–68 years) underwent genetic testing, neuropsychologic assessment, and brain MRI. FLAIR images were analyzed using DUIH-Image software to quantify brain lesions and create probabilistic lesion maps.Results: FLAIR imaging revealed hyperintensities predominantly in periventricular and subcortical white matter. Probabilistic lesion maps highlighted the subcortical white matter near the anterior horn as the most affected site, with additional involvement of the posterior horn, frontal, insular, parietal, and temporal cortices. Neuropsychological testing identified frontal lobe dysfunction as the most common deficit, correlating with brain involvement. No significant correlations were found between lesion load, CTG repeat number, and disease duration.Conclusions: This study demonstrates significant periventricular and subcortical white matter involvement in DM1, with the anterior subcortical white matter being the most affected site. Frontal lobe dysfunction was a frequent finding. Brain involvement did not correlate with CTG repeat number or disease duration, suggesting complex pathophysiology in DM1-related brain abnormalities.
آزادیئ صحافت اور تفتیشی خبرو ں کی پاداش میں قتل ہونے والے صحافیوں کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی جائزہ
Authors: Aleem Noureen , Naveed Sharjeel
Published: December 2024

The present study is conducted with the historical approach to reveal the ulterior facts lying behind the killings of journalists when the world has entered to a liberal phase where the media and journalism has been freed. The data collection process followed the methodology of qualitative content analysis usingthe cluster sampling for analysisThe country has witnessed martial law and democratic eras during 1994 to 2015. During these twenty years the tragedies of Cargill war and 9/11 had occurred. After the destruction during 9/11, Pakistan entered and played a major role in war against Terrorism. Pakistan fought against Taliban and deployed armed forces in major parts of the country that did several operations against Taliban to eradicate them from the country. During the whole time, the thing which lacked in the country was the flow of information. The private media had gotten the full boom. The media was seemingly free and liberal but the journalists were being threatened covertly by the political parties, pressure groups, and religious groups. Since the inception of Pakistan the journalism in Pakistan was severely censored and restricted. But the situation has not changed much since the last twenty years as the reports strongly suggest that the journalists in Pakistan are threatened and killed for breaking the facts and sincerely performing their duty
خواتین کی صحت پر اشتہارات کے اثرات سے متعلق مختلف ابلاغی تحقیق کا ایک مطالع
Authors: Iqbal Naveed , Ali Syed Azfar
Published: December 2024

Many researches have been conducted on the effect of advertisements on the consumers, most of which concludes that these effects are harmful for the consumers. According to these researches, women's health are being very much influenced by the effects of advertisement. Usually they are not satisfied withtheir natural looks and appearance and want to have physical appearance as the models reflect in advertisements. Researches made in Pakistan also share similar results. In the following paper, these researches have been discussed and views of female students of Karachi University have been presented, on the effect of advertisements on them .
اخبارات کا تعلیم میں کر دار
Authors: Faisal Samreen , Muhammad Azadi Fateh , Begum Syeda Maleeha
Published: December 2024

Newspapers around the world are used as a commodity to attain more and more information about the surroundings. On one hand we acquire the global perspective of the happenings around us while on the other hand the newspaper as well seems to play an important role for educational purposes amongststudents. Although schools remain main source of education and learning but cognition and awareness development are associated with the extraDcurricular activities of a young learner. In this regard the researcher has adopted the topic of  role of newspaper in education  , to find out according to the people of Karachi, the extent to which the newspapers quench the educational need of the students and what more can be done to achieve the goal. Adopting the random sampling approach, the research is carried out with the help of a survey of almost 100people in Karachi, especially from those women whose 73children go to school. The research suggests that although very few people get to read the newspaper at home but the newspapers hold great importance in the context of enhancing the childrens capabilities
Influences of Media on Adolescents Behaviour and Development
Authors: Shahid Mohammad , Sarfaraz Syeda Farhana , Ahmed Khan Nadia Fazal
Published: December 2024

Adolescence is a period between childhood and emerging adulthood. It is a period of tremendous change i.e. biological, psychological, and social. The process of globalization has allowed for a level of connectivity that was not possible only a few decades ago. One demographic that has especially been influenced by the growth of media is adolescents. The aim of the study is to examine the influences of media on the behavior and development of adolescents and explore the beneficial and harmful effects of media (print/electronic/social) on respondent’s behavior and development. This is also to help identify how teachers, policymakers, and parents can promote the healthy use of the media in our society. In this study, the researchers selected the private and public schools of district central Karachi as the universe. The population of the study was students/adolescents in the age bracket (12-14). Systematic and random sampling techniques of probability sampling were used to collect data through structured interview schedules from 367 respondents in District central. The method of the interview involved reading and explaining questions to the respondents and recording their answer on sheets. The finding of the study reveals that the respondents spent most of their time (85%) on social media, don’t like outdoor activities, and want to follow the characters they watch. The data shows less parental control on media use, due to economic activity, and most respondents created their social media accounts having been influenced by their peers. It has seven sections including; meaning and definition of adolescence, theoretical perspective, and influence of media, objectives, methodology, findings, and recommendations
Freedom of Expression and the Enigma of State Authoritarianism in Turkmenistan: A Historical Appraisal of Saparmurat Niazov’s Policies
Authors: Khan Hina
Published: December 2024

Since the independence of Central Asia in 1991, the five Soviet successor states in the region have been grappling with the birth pangs of a pre-mature liberal democracy and the death pangs of a seventy-four-years old authoritarian system. The result is a centralized authoritarianism under the veneer of a superficially democratic edifice. Among the five Central Asian states Turkmenistan has stood out in dictatorial rule of particularly under the personality cult of the Turkmenbashi –the father of Turkmens, President Saparmurat Niazov. Among other victims the media and the freedom of expression seems to be a permanent casualty. In this context, this paper attempts to explore the situation of media control in Turkmenistan particularly during Niazov’s era and its impacts on the perpetuation of authoritarianism in the region.
Role of Public Service Educational Messages in Educating People about the Perceived Risk of Hepatitis.
Authors: Iftikhar Moneeba , Mughal Muhammad Kamran
Published: December 2024

Public Service Educational Messages are well known in the health sector. This study investigates the “Role of Public Service Educational Messages (PSEM) in educating people about Perceived Risk of Hepatitis” through survey method using questionnaire as a tool of data collection. The researcher conducted a survey on the sample of 500 people, comprising both healthy and patients. It examines Public Service Educational Messages for educating masses about hepatitis and changing attitude and behavior of people towards their health for the preventive measures of hepatitis. It recorded the role of Government and NGO’s in educating the people and creating awareness among them about perceived risk of hepatitis and the change their behaviors and level of consciousness for maintaining their health.
Evaluating Effects of Innovative Media Technologies on Educational Achievement of Prospective Teachers.
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Asif , Shahzad Muhammad , Perveen Abida
Published: December 2024

Nowadays across the globe innovative media technologies like Android phones are becoming part and parcel of education. Students in higher education are specially gating acquainted with this technological innovation. Present research study evaluated effects of smart phones on the educational achievement of prospective teachers at higher education level. Major objectives of the study identified effects of innovative technology in the development of educational behavior of the graduates and evaluation of the problems faced by the learners at higher education level. Android phones became all in one portable devices of knowledge access pertaining face to face communication (video call, WhatsApp, Facebook, blogs and Imo) for the prospective teachers. Now learners seemed to use this media device as “technological object” as well as; “social interactor.”
Coverage of Women Sports in the Pakistan’s Newspapers
Authors: Adnan Malik , Shaikh Shazia Shahab , Soomro Arjumand Bano
Published: December 2024

The present research attempts to explore how much women sports are being covered in Pakistani newspapers. Many analysts in Pakistani context argued that women should not be shown on media and should not really be playing outdoor sports such as cricket as they have to play in before public while wearing inappropriate outfit. Within such context, the present research paper analyzes the news coverage of women’s sports in national dailies of Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. It is intended to investigate the difference in the coverage of the three newspapers. For this purpose, three newspapers the Daily ‘Kawish’ (Sindh newspaper), the Daily ‘Express’ (Urdu newspaper) and the Daily ‘The News’ (English newspaper) has been selected for research. The content analysis was employed as a research technique to collect data or find out line of women’s sport. The content analysis technique reveals that the women’s sports news in the Daily ‘The News’ (English language newspaper) was more (9266) covered than the ‘Daily Express’ (Urdu language Newspaper) (8479) and the ‘Daily Kawish’ (6618) (Sindhi language Newspaper).
Impact of Social Media and Political Participation on Political Efficacy of Youth in Pakistan
Authors: Javed Iqbal, Dr. Shahid Hussain & Nasir Iqbal
Published: December 2024

The aim of current study was to know the role of social networking sites on political participation and political efficacy of youth in Pakistan. This study reveals social media usage among the youth in Pakistan.  The data of 300 respondents were gathered from the students of Federal Capital Territory Islamabad who were studying in different universities. The respondents were selected through convenience sampling technique. These university students were selected because they belong to various parts of country. A survey questionnaire was administered by the students for the collection of required data. The respondents were questioned about the usage of social networking sites, political participation, and political efficacy. The regression analysis revealed that online communication has influence on the political participation and political efficacy of youth. This study also investigated that the online political outreach of political parties has power to affect the political behavior of youth. Through literature review it was hypothesized that digital media has positive impact on youth regarding political efficacy and political participation. This study showed that there were statistically significant positive associations between social media usage and political participation, and social media usage and political efficacy among youth.
From epidemic to pandemic: How Pakistan’s web Media depicts the portrayal of coronavirus
Authors: Dr. Wirsha Shahid
Published: December 2024

The world has experienced an effective challenge in the shape of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). First, from china to the globe, the coronavirus expanded in a very short span of time with fear and anxiety around the globe. People were taking precautionary measures and some were not taking it seriously although it was severe. Media from the entire globe covered it on the primary basis as it became pandemic from epidemic. Media covered it in news stories, features, editorials, columns, and vlogs and in blogs too. Digital media presented the news story in the top categories where a citizen can reach the content easily. In this article, the researcher will explore how the Pakistani net-centric media portrays and depicts the news stories of coronavirus, as it is a hot and current affair topic all around the globe, which needs to be researched in this scenario.
Social Media and Rape Discourse in Nigeria: An Exploratory Study of Facebook
Authors: Sarah Gambo, Woyopwa Shem & Siman Lazarus
Published: December 2024

In recent years, social media has proved to be an indispensable tool for bringing women’s rights issues especially rape to the attention of a wider public. Therefore, it is against this backdrop that this study examined the theme "social media and rape discourse in Nigeria: an exploratory study of Facebook." To aptly investigate the subject matter, this paper adopted mixed research methods, which are content analysis, interview, and observation. Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) was adopted as the theoretical framework.  The researchers content analysed and also observed posts in two Facebook groups between January and June 2020. In the same vein, five communication experts who were also social media users were interviewed to ascertain how social media (Facebook) has impacted rape discourse in Nigeria. It was found that social media users (Facebook) give priority to rape-related subjects and that the majority of the users of social media were anti-rape advocates as reflected in their comments on rape-related posts. Furthermore, the findings of this study revealed that social media is a fertile ground for public debate hence it has positively impacted the national rape discourse in Nigeria. The paper suggests that future studies should incorporate more social networking sites and time frames.
Primary School Teachers’ Implementation of the Authentic Assessment and Application of Results within the Standards-Based Science Curriculum in Effutu Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Dwamena Emmanuel , Acquah Sakina , Adwoa Donkor Mavis , Yeng Enock
Published: December 2024

This study explored the implementation of authentic assessment by primary science teachers within the Standards-Based Curriculum in the Effutu Municipality, using a descriptive survey design with a sample of 180 teachers. Additionally, four teachers were purposively sampled for classroom observation. Data was collected using a Classroom Assessment Conception Scale and a Classroom Assessment Lesson Observation Protocol. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Inferential statistics, specifically the independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA, were employed to test hypotheses. Observation guide data was subjected to summative analysis. The study’s findings revealed that teachers engaged in various authentic assessment tasks. It also came to light that authentic assessment results were underutilized. No significant difference was found in the use of authentic assessment tasks between public and private schools, nor in the utilization of assessment results across different educational circuits. The study recommended that stakeholders in the Effutu Municipality should invest in technology and provide training for primary science teachers to integrate authentic assessment tasks more effectively.
Eski Uygurcanın Nadir sözlerinden İkisi: çulvu ‘küfür; yalan’ ve mün ‘suç, kabahat; günah’
Authors: Ölmez Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Her yeni fragman Eski Uygurca söz varlığı hakkındaki bilgilerimize gerek yeni sözcüklerin eklenmesiyle gerekse düzeltmelerle katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bazı sözler çokluk Budist metinlerde görülürken bazıları da Manihaist metinlerde görülmektedir. İşte, Eski Uygurca yakın anlamlı iki sözcükten çulvu ‘küfür; yalan’ hem
Manihaist hem de Budist metinlerinde görülürken mün ‘suç, kabahat; günah’ çokluk Budist metinlerde görülür. Burada yer vereceğimiz yeni bir fragmanda ise çulvu farklı bir imla ile karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Política Pública orientada a Microempresas; un análisis documental de los sexenios 2012-2018 y 2018-2024 en México
Authors: Rivera Villalobos Alan , García Waldman David Horacio , Treviño Ramos Roberto
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las políticas públicas orientadas a las microempresas en México, específicamente durante los sexenios 2012-2018 y 2018-2024. A través de un análisis documental de las normativas vigentes y sus impactos, se busca identificar las fortalezas y debilidades en la implementación de estas políticas. El análisis se centra en la evaluación de las estrategias y programas diseñados para apoyar a las microempresas, considerando la relación estrecha entre el poder político y económico. Como resultado se propone un modelo de política pública denominado "Microempresas Competitivas", cuyo objetivo principal es fomentar el crecimiento y desarrollo de las microempresas. La investigación concluye que una política pública bien estructurada y evaluada periódicamente puede mejorar significativamente la sostenibilidad y crecimiento de las microempresas, contribuyendo al desarrollo económico y social de la región.
Internacionalización de la Ciudad Mexicana de Monterrey, México, para el desarrollo territorial
Authors: Treviño Treviño Iván Jonathan , Mata Sánchez Gabriela Aracely
Published: December 2024

La internacionalización territorial surge como un instrumento de desarrollo económico en donde los gobiernos subnacionales – estados federativos y ciudades – encuentran oportunidades para implementar políticas públicas para la acción internacional. Ante la actual fragmentación del sistema internacional, la literatura de Relaciones Internacionales da lugar al estudio de gobiernos no centrales como actores globales que conjugan sus dinámicas domésticas con estrategias de acción internacional, con el fin de beneficiarse de lo que ofrece el fenómeno de la globalización. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la internacionalización de la ciudad de Monterrey, México, para el desarrollo territorial, a través de una investigación documental complementada con entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a expertos sobre el tema. Entre los resultados, encontramos que las acciones para atraer inversiones extranjeras directas y promoción del turismo, además de la cooperación internacional descentralizada, han sido pilares fundamentales en la internacionalización de la ciudad.
Factores Críticos para la Sostenibilidad y Funcionalidad de Caminos de Tercer Orden: Caso de Estudio Zona Rural Portoviejo, Manabí
Authors: Cordero-Garcés Manuel O.
Published: December 2024

La infraestructura vial en zonas rurales es un componente esencial para la conectividad y el desarrollo socioeconómico de las comunidades. Este artículo analiza el estado actual de los caminos de tercer orden en Portoviejo, Manabí, evaluando su impacto en la movilidad, calidad de vida y ejecución de proyectos viales. El objetivo principal fue identificar los factores críticos que afectan la funcionalidad y sostenibilidad de esta infraestructura, proporcionando recomendaciones basadas en hallazgos empíricos. Se utilizó una metodología mixta que incluyó encuestas a 32 moradores y entrevistas a 10 constructores, técnicos y supervisores, combinando datos cuantitativos procesados mediante SPSS con análisis cualitativos. Los resultados destacaron la deficiencia del estado actual de los caminos, tiempos de viaje prolongados y un impacto negativo significativo en la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Aunque la disponibilidad de recursos y el uso de maquinaria fueron percibidos positivamente, aspectos como la comunicación, la coordinación y el mantenimiento presentan áreas críticas de mejora. Comparando estos hallazgos con normativas nacionales e internacionales, se identificaron discrepancias relevantes que refuerzan la necesidad de alinear prácticas locales con estándares técnicos. Este estudio subraya la urgencia de intervenir en los caminos rurales con enfoques integrales que incluyan planificación adecuada, supervisión eficiente y participación comunitaria, estableciendo bases para soluciones sostenibles y adaptadas a las condiciones locales.
Entre potentialités et dégradation : les défis de la valorisation verte et bleue des zones humides de Diourbel (Sénégal)
Authors: MAREGA Oumar , LE CALVEZ Caroline , SAJALOLI Bertrand , DIOP Aladji Madior , FAYE Adama , KANE Coura , MBENGUE Mamadou Saliou
Published: December 2024

Conserver et valoriser les zones humides urbaines dans un contexte de pression citadine et de changement climatique est une équation difficile. La ville de Diourbel (Sénégal), à travers la vallée fossile du Sine qui la traverse, est aujourd’hui confrontée à ce défi qui invite à une réflexion sur la gestion durable de ce milieu à la fois fragile et porteur d’importants services écosystémiques. Les vulnérabilités y sont multiples du fait de l’extrême variabilité du climat (sécheresse, inondations…), de la dégradation de la qualité de l’eau et des sols par la salinisation et de la pollution par les déchets, de la pression et de la spéculation foncière afférente à l’étalement urbain. Ces fragilités et vulnérabilités se traduisent par des changements socio-environnementaux qui interrogent les potentialités et les stratégies d’adaptation pour une valorisation verte et bleue des zones humides de Diourbel. Ainsi, l’objectif principal de cet article est d’analyser la trajectoire des usages et des paysages des zones humides de cette cité et de confronter le couple vulnérabilité-aménité dans les espaces d’eau dans un contexte de multiples changements. Dès lors, la finalité est d’éclairer les permanences et les mutations qui les caractérisent, leur perception par les populations locales et d’envisager des stratégies de valorisation, actuelles ou futures, pour ces lieux d’eau.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENUMPANG TRANSJAKARTA KORIDOR BLOK M-KOTA
Authors: Hudha Muchamad Nur , Bimo Bintoro Aryo
Published: December 2024

Transportasi massal masih menjadi salah satu sarana favorit bagi warga DKI Jakarta. Terhubungnya layanan transportasi massal tidak terlepas dengan semakin terhubungnya sistem transportasi di Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur pengaruh kualitas layanan terhadap kepuasan penumpang transjakarta koridor Blok M - Kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sumber data hasil jawaban kuesioner, observasi, dan telaah pustaka. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Slovin dengan jumlah keseluruhan sampel sebanyak 135 orang. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data regresi linear, koefisien determinasi, serta deskriptif dengan dibantu aplikasi SPSS versi 23 for windows. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penerapan kualitas pelayanan  transjakarta koridor Blok M – Kota berpengaruh sebesar 70,3% terhadap tingkat kepuasan penumpang transjakarta dan 29,7% adalah besarnya persentase yang tidak dilakukan penelitian.
TATA KELOLA PROGRAM PEREMAJAAN SAWIT RAKYAT (PSR) PADA LAHAN GAMBUT DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Rahmadini Nurkamila , Mayarni Mayarni
Published: December 2024

Peran tata kelola dalam Program Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat (PSR) menjadi suatu keharusan untuk mencapai tujuan tata kelola yang baik (Good Governance). Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan peremajaan perkebunan kelapa sawit sebagai prioritas sejak tahun 2017 sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk memperbaiki tata kelola sektor kelapa sawit. Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, salah satu daerah di Provinsi Riau, sangat bergantung pada perkebunan sebagai basis ekonominya, dan mengalami pertumbuhan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tata kelola dalam pelaksanaan program ini pada lahan gambut di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengadopsi teori John Graham, Bruce Amos, dan Tim Plumptre (2003). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola program Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat (PSR) di lahan gambut Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir telah berjalan, meskipun belum mencapai tingkat optimal karena  masih dihadapkan pada beberapa tantangan. Sehingga perlu meningkatkan keberlanjutan dan efektivitas Tata Kelola Program Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat pada Lahan Gambut di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir serta mengatasi tantangan dalam pelaksanaan PSR.
DAMPAK KONFLIK SOSIAL TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN OTONOMI DAERAH DI PAPUA: STUDI KASUS KEAMANAN DAERAH
Authors: Sarjito Aris
Published: December 2024

Abstrak: Studi ini mengeksplorasi dampak konflik sosial terhadap implementasi kebijakan otonomi daerah di Papua, dengan fokus pada implikasinya terhadap keamanan daerah dan mengidentifikasi strategi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas otonomi di tengah konflik sosial. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang memanfaatkan data sekunder, penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika rumit yang membentuk hubungan antara konflik sosial dan kebijakan otonomi. Menurut penelitian, kerusuhan sosial di Papua yang disebabkan oleh keluhan mengenai eksploitasi sumber daya dan pelanggaran hak-hak masyarakat adat membuat penegakan undang-undang otonomi menjadi jauh lebih sulit. Hal ini membuat pemerintah menjadi kurang efektif dan meningkatkan risiko keamanan. Namun, studi ini juga mengidentifikasi peluang untuk meningkatkan otonomi daerah melalui proses pengambilan keputusan yang inklusif, dialog, inisiatif pembangunan sosial-ekonomi, dan integrasi sistem pengetahuan adat. Temuan-temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya mengatasi keluhan-keluhan sosial yang mendasarinya dan mendorong tata kelola pemerintahan yang inklusif untuk mendorong perdamaian dan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Papua. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literatur yang ada mengenai resolusi konflik dan otonomi daerah, serta menawarkan wawasan yang dapat ditindaklanjuti bagi para pembuat kebijakan dan praktisi di Papua dan wilayah lain yang terkena dampak konflik. Kata Kunci: efektivitas pemerintahan, keamanan daerah, konflik sosial, otonomi daerah, Papua
QUALITY OF SERVICE AT PUBLIC SERVICE MALL BOYOLALI REGENCY
Authors: Cahyani Devita Indri
Published: December 2024

The Public Service Mall (MPP) in Boyolali Regency is an innovation aimed at improving service quality. Before the establishment of the Public Service Mall (MPP) in Boyolali Regency, public services were considered less effective and complicated. With the presence of the Boyolali Regency Public Service Mall (MPP), it is hoped that it will provide easy access to the public in terms of government administration. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods. The findings from this research indicate that the quality of service at the Boyolali Regency Public Service Mall (MPP) is considered quite good but needs to be improved. The seven indicators put forward by Gronroos to analyze service quality are professionalism & skills, reputation & credibility, attitudes & behavior, accessibility & flexibility, reliability & trustworthiness, service recovery, and serviscape. Of these indicators, four of them have not reached optimal levels, such as professionalism & skills, attitudes & behavior, accessibility & flexibility, and reliability & trustworthiness. Meanwhile, indicators of reputation & credibility, service recovery and serviscape environment are running well. Therefore, researchers recommend that the Boyolali Regency Public Service Mall (MPP) improve indicators that are not yet optimal, as well as maintain service quality at indicators that are already good.