bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new LDL-masked liposomal doxorubicin overcomes drug resistance in osteosarcoma
Authors: Elena Gazzano , Joanna Kopecka , Carolina Dimas Belisario , Costanzo Costamagna , Chiara Riganti
Published: January 2020

One of the chemotherapeutic drugs in the first-line treatment of osteosarcoma is doxorubicin (dox). However, its anticancer efficacy is limited by the overexpression of the multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) which extrudes doxorubicin, disrupts drug accumulation and thus hinders the cytotoxic activity of dox The drug extrusion activity of Pgp is enhanced by the presence of cholesterol within the plasma membrane. Pgp expression is up-regulated by multiple transcription factors including hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Decreasing Pgp expression and drug efflux activity may enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin against drug resistant osteosarcoma. To achieve this goal, we treated two human dox-sensitive cell lines (U-2OS and Saos-2), and their sublines displaying increasing Pgp levels and dox resistance, with a non-toxic dose of atorvastatin. This statin was able to decrease the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and cholesterol, two key metabolites that were markedly increased in drug resistant sublines. By reducing the FPP levels, atorvastatin decreased the Ras/ERK1/2/HIF-1α axis and down-regulated Pgp expression. Moreover, by decreasing cholesterol biosynthesis atorvastatin increased the levels of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), that was also progressively increased in the dox-resistant sublines. Taking advantage of this findings, we treated dox-resistant osteosarcoma with atorvastatin followed by treatment with dox encapsulated in liposomes decorated with an LDLR-binding peptide, hence facilitating binding to, and endocytosis via LDLR. This treatment strategy induced high retention of dox in dox-resistant cells, reduced cell viability in vitro and displayed growth inhibition of dox-resistance in mouse xenograft model. Hence, we propose the combination of statins plus LDL-decorated liposomal dox as a novel treatment strategy for Pgp-expressing multidrug resistant osteosarcomas.
Successful endovascular management of renal artery aneurysm containing several outflow vessels supplying significant part of the renal parenchyma
Authors: Omri Nativ , Robert Sachner , Bolos Awad , Zeev Loberman
Published: January 2020

Background: Complex renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) represent a therapeutic challenge, especially in those who contain branches of the renal artery. Treating the RAA may compromise renal perfusion, cause ischemia, and significant parenchymal loss. Purpose: The current report describes a rare case of complex RAA with three dependent arterial branches, successfully managed by a flow diverting stent (FDS) which is usually indicated for the treatment of large and giant cerebral aneurysms. Methods: We report a case of a 61-year-old male who presented with a 2.3 cm left RAA which contained the origin of three major arterial branches that provide a significant part of the blood supply to the entire left kidney. Due to the existence of these three branching blood vessels within the aneurysm, a standard stent-graft or an open procedure were not considered as adequate therapeutic alternatives in this case. To overcome this challenge, we have elected to use an FDS which is commonly used in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. This unique type of stent promotes gradual thrombosis of the aneurysmal sac with the advantage of maintaining flow in regional side branches. Results: At 6 months of follow up, creatinine level was 1.3 mg/dL (baseline was 1.1) and upon follow up CT - the renal parenchyma was well preserved. Conclusions: This case report presents a unique solution for treating complex RAA by using an FDS that is routinely used for the treatment of large and giant cerebral aneurysms. FDS is a valuable treatment option for complex RAAs since it can treat the aneurysm without compromising the branching blood vessels.
The role of developmental signaling pathways in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Darko Durovski , Ornella Randazzo , Godefridus J. Peters , Elisa Giovannetti
Published: January 2020

On a global scale, lung cancer is the most widespread and deadly type of cancer and the non-small cell lung cancer histological subtype, contributes to a significant proportion of this mortality. It has been recently proposed that the main drivers of cancer progression and chemoresistance are cancer stem cells which can be identified through numerous biomarkers or through the overactivation of developmental signaling pathways which are essential for embryonic development but are normally suppressed in adulthood. The primary aim of this review was to compile experimental findings about mediators of three signaling pathways, namely Sonic Hedgehog, Notch and Wingless Integrated, in the prognosis and targeting of three non-small cell lung carcinoma histological types, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma. Some mediators of all three signaling pathways can be used as biomarkers and overactivation is associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival of patients accompanied by metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of chemoresistance and radioresistance. Additionally, using antagonists to block overexpressed pathway mediators has yielded promising results in vitro with significant apoptotic and anti-tumor activity. Finally, numerous novel mediators of the three pathways have been identified and their pharmacological targeting has resulted in promising pre-clinical findings. The first in-human clinical trials of several drugs are currently being conducted. The current review supports further exploration of the three developmental signaling pathways in the prognosis and targeted treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma with the aim of enhancing current treatment guidelines with the implementation of targeted therapies.
The referendum on Republika Srpska’s National Day — a political response to the abuse of historical policy
Authors: Engelhardt Georgi
Published: January 2020

The National Day Referendum of September 25, 2016 has so far remained the only successful attempt of the Republika Srpska’s authorities of holding a plebiscite within the republic. Previously, Banja Luka had been forced by strong international pressure to abandon three such attempts - on issues of higher political significance. On the one hand, this shows the absence of immediate political implications of the vote on the status of the National Day; on the other, it demonstrated once again the intense confrontation of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s ethnic communities in the field of symbols and key historical stereotypes, especially with regards to events from their recent history, namely the Bosnian civil war of 1992–1995. However, the relatively insignificant National Day issue gave the President of the RS, Milorad Dodik a chance to establish a precedent in the history of Bosnia of the Dayton agreement by holding a separate referendum at the level of the republic. Supported by the Western powers, the efforts of the Bosniak leader Bakir Izetbegović to tread on the Bosnian Serbs’ interests in the field of historical policy and symbolics in fact afforded the President of the RS an opportunity to strengthen the autonomy of his republic. Milorad Dodik efficiently used the strong pressure from Sarajevo and the West along with the support from Russia for Bosnian Serb national mobilisation that resulted in massive electoral support — 99 % of 56 % voters that took part in the ballot were in favour of 9 January to be proclaimed the Republika Srpska’s National Day. In spite of the strong outside pressure, Dodik triumphed in carrying out a major political action and establishing a base for Banja Luka’s future independent political ventures. He also demonstrated utmost caution and pragmatism as he exploited further the 25 September Referendum. Although engaging in brinkmanship, he never crossed the red line of escalation into a regional conflict and/or direct Western intervention.
How the Slovenes celebrated memorial dates from their history in 1908
Authors: Kirilina Liubov
Published: January 2020

In 1908, the Slovenes celebrated three anniversaries: the 400th anniversary of the Lutheran preacher and founder of the Slovenian language and literature Primož Trubar, the centenary of the outstanding Slovenian national leader Janez Bleiweis, and the 60th anniversary of the reign of Emperor and King Francis Joseph I. Comparative analysis of the attitude of the Slovenes to these three jubilees shows not only the level of development of their national consciousness with its distinguishing features but also the specific manner of modelling their historical memory by their national leaders. The perception of Trubar’s personality was ambiguous; it reflected the conflicts between Liberals and Catholics as well as those between Slovenes and Germans. Bleiweis, despite all his merits, became a
figure of minor political and symbolic significance. The celebration of the Emperor’s anniversary, also designed to achieve national goals, revealed the peculiarities
of the Slovenes’ intellectual horizons: they identified the concept of the “broader
homeland” with the Empire and sought to transform it from German to Slavic.
Perawat Berperan Sebagai Change Agent
Authors: Zega Petra Diansari
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKKebutuhan akan perawat semakin meningkat, hal ini dapat dibuktikan bahwa tenaga kesehatan yang paling banyak yaitu Perawat. Perawat memliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam layanan kesehatan khususnya layanan keperawatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perawat sebagai change agent. Metode yang digunakan kajian ini dilakukan dengan mencari sumber data baik dari jurnal maupun buku-buku yang berhubungan dengan peran perawat sebagai change agent. Artikel penelitian yang digunakan bersumber dari Scholar Google. Perawat sebagai change agent harus memiliki fondasi keilmuan yang kuat dan hasil-hasil penelitian yang dimiliki oleh perawat akan meningkatkan kompetensi, kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan mengambil keputusan. Perawat sebagai change agent melakukan pelayanan keperawatan sesuai dengan standar keperawatan. Diharapkan perawat sebagai change agent mampu merencanakan dan membuat perubahan terarah, beradaptasi, bertanggung jawab dengan baik, berpikir kritis dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan.
Scattered Point Cloud Data Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Local Convexity
Authors: Niknamian Sorush
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Point cloud data reconstruction is the basis of point cloud data processing. The reconstruction effect has a great impact on application. For the problems of low precision, large error, and high time consumption of the current scattered point cloud data reconstruction algorithm, a new algorithm of scattered point cloud data reconstruction based on local convexity is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to surface variation based on local outlier factor (SVLOF), the noise points of point cloud data are divided into near outlier and far outlier, and filtered for point cloud data preprocessing. Based on this, the algorithm based on local convexity is improved. The method of constructing local connection point set is used to replace triangulation to analyze the relationship of neighbor points. The connection part identification method is used for data reconstruction. Experimental results show that, the proposed method can reconstruct the scattered point cloud data accurately, with high precision, small error and low time consumption.
SIKAP KEPALA RUANGAN TERHADAP ISSUE PATIENT SAFETY
Authors: Zega Petra Diansari
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKPatient safety merupakan issue nasional dan juga global di dunia keperawatan karena berhubungan dengan mutu suatu rumah sakit. Patient safety merupakan asuhan pasien yang lebih aman dan meminimalkan terjadinya kerjadian tidak diharapkan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana sikap kepala ruangan terhadap issue patient safety. Metode yang digunakan Kajian ini dilakukan dengan mencari sumber data baik dari jurnal maupun buku-buku serta Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia yang berhubungan dengan sikap kepala ruangan terhadap issue patient safety. Artikel penelitian yang digunakan bersumber dari Scholar Google. Sikap kepala ruangan terhadap issue patient safety dengan cara menggerakkan perawat di ruangan untuk memiliki motivasi menerapkan patient safety. Kepala ruangan harus memastikan bahwa perawat benar-benar menerapkan patient safety di ruangan dan hadir sebagai contoh ataupun panutan bagi perawat di ruangan. Diharapkan kepala ruangan dapat menyikapi issue patient safety di ruangan dengan efektif dan optimal serta melakukan pengawasan pada penerapannya.
Irrigation Water Fluxes in an Agricultural Watershed in Central Oklahoma
Authors: Datta Sumon , Taghvaeian Saleh , Mehata Mukesh , Moriasi Daniel
Published: January 2020

2019 ASABE AIM Powerpoiint Presentation of Sumon Datta
Accurate Identification Technique of Access Path Information for Hierarchical Geographic Traffic Network under Big Data Construction
Authors: Niknamian Sorush
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The traditional identification method of access path information requires a lot of data packets, and uses a fixed probability, and the identification accuracy is low. To this end, a new method for accurate identification of access path information of hierarchical geographic traffic network is proposed. Under the construction of big data, the access path information is marked with a certain probability, and part of the access path information of the corresponding router is recorded. According to the collected data packet, the accessed node reconstructs the path by using the access path information identified in the packet, to determine the identity range selection and identification format. According to the big data, the hierarchical geographic traffic network router is constructed. According to 1 p , it is judged whether the current data packet is identified, and the identification result is judged by 2 p . The particle cluster algorithm is used to optimize the identification result of the parameter and the penalty factor to complete the accurate identification of access path information of hierarchical geographic traffic network. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method, the proposed technique has high accuracy and strong convergence.
Data Fast Transmission Method in Wireless Vehicle Ad-hoc Network
Authors: Niknamian Sorush
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: In vehicular ad hoc networks, the current method does not consider the delay of data transmission, resulting in slower vehicle data transmission speed. A vehicle data transmission method based on backbone network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of vehicle ad hoc network are analyzed. Based on the statistics of the road, the vehicle cluster is composed of the vehicles parking on the roadside and no roadside according to the different directions of the vehicle driving. The backbone network is constructed on the basis of the cluster of vehicles, and the data transmission between the vehicles is implemented by the data transmission method of overlay network. This method can overcome the disadvantages of traditional data transmission methods, improve the efficiency of on-board data transmission, and complete the research on fast data transmission method in wireless vehicle ad hoc network. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher data transmission success rate with lower data transmission overhead and smaller transmission delay.
Federal Synergy Computing Model Based on Network Interconnection
Authors: Niknamian Sorush
Published: January 2020

Abstract: To solve the shortage problem of the computing power provided by the single machine or the small cluster system in scientific research, we offer a collaborative computing system for users. This system has massive operation ability. It introduced a scalable mixed collaborative computing model. Through the internet and the heterogeneous computing equipment, the system uses the task decomposition model. This system can solve the research and development problem because of the shortage of capacity. To test the model, a subtask decomposition example is used. The results of the example analysis show that the computing work can obtain the shortest computation time when the number of calculation nodes is more than the number of subtasks; Maximum calculation efficiency can be achieved when the number of the calculating nodes closes to the number of subtasks. Through joint collaborative computing, the extensible mixed collaborative computing mode can effectively solve the mass computing problem for the system with heterogeneous hardware and software. This paper provides the reference for the system, which provides large scale computing power through the Internet and the research problem of due to the lack of computing ability.
supervisi pendidikan
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

supervision is a process specifically designed to assist teachers in learning everyday tasks at school so they can use their knowledge and abilities to provide better services to parents of students and schools and strive to make schools a more effective learning community
Hak dan kewajiban PTK
Authors: atika nurul
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- In general, this study aims to find out and analyze the rights and obligations of educators and educational staff, so that PTK knows what their role will be someday. This research uses the literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of Educational Administration. PTK administration which includes Development has a broader scope in efforts to improve and enhance the competencies of the teaching and educational staff. Development is more focused on improving abilities (abilities) through formal channels with a long period of time, providing learning opportunities that are designed to help the self-development of the teaching staff and education where the development is directed to prepare the teaching / educational staff to hold responsibility for a position or work in the future. The following is a strategy for developing educators and education staff. Each personnel is entitled to a promotion if it meets the requirements required for the promotion. Promotion is not only a right that can be received by each personnel, but also at the same time as a tribute to the personnel concerned for the efforts of his service. That's why promotion can have a high motivational value. Dismissal of Civil Servants is a dismissal that causes the concerned no longer to be a Civil Servant. Dismissal from a civil service is a dismissal that causes the concerned to no longer work in the State organizational unit, but is still domiciled as a Civil Servant. Evaluation is an important activity to find out the progress or results achieved by schools in carrying out their functions according to plans that have been made by each school. The evaluation carried out is a comprehensive evaluation concerning the management of all fields within. The teacher is one component in the education system that has a very large role in achieving educational goals. The role of the teacher is not just to convey knowledge to students. However, when viewed broadly the teacher also acts as an education administrator.
Laporan standar sarana dan prasarana
Authors: Leonaldi
Published: January 2020

LEONALDI, 2020. Laporan Standar Sarana Dan Prasarana SMPN 3 Leuwiliang.Laporan standar sarana dan prasarana ini merupakan kegiatan akademik yang tercantum dalam mata Manajemen Sekolah yang ada dalam program studi yang ada di lingkungan STKIP Muhammadiyah Bogor. Laporan ini adalah bagian penting dan merupakan sebuah kegiatan yang mengetahui berbagai standar nasional pendidikan. Adapun tujuan laporan ini adalah pengamatan langsung kultur sekolah, dan mengetahu standar sarana dan prasarana sekolah tersebut.Seiring dengan melaksanakan tugas-tugas tersebut, saya sambil terus mencoba mengidentifikasi kultur sekolah serta sarana dan prasarana yang ada di SMPN 3 Leuwiliang. Yang mana sarana dan prasarana tersebut merupakan alat penunjang untuk proses belajar mengajar maupun dalam proses pendidikan lainnya, guna tercapainya tujuan pendidikan nasional.
administrasi Kurikulum
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

Curriculum in a manner etymology comes from Latin Curriculum, beginning means it a running course, specifically a chariot race course, and there are also in French Courier. Means To run (running) got formulation about definition curriculum, expert put forward diverse views. In the classical view, more emphasize the curriculum as a lesson plan in a school. Lesson -what lessons and material must be taken at school, that's the curriculum.
Administrasi Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan
Authors: Hamini Haisya
Published: January 2020

This article describes the administration of educators and education personnel. The writing of this article aims to make the reader understand that to become an educator and educational staff there needs to be an administration. Administrative educators and education personnel are two professions that are very closely related to the world of education even though the scope is different. For educators and educational staff there is a need for coaching and development. In the development of teaching and educational staff there are several analyzes that must be done, namely job analysis, needs analysis and resource analysis.
Administrasi PTK
Authors: atika nurul
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- In general, this study aims to find out and analyze what is the administration of educators and education personnel. This research uses the literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of Educational Administration. In general, educators or teachers, are educational staff who participate in organizing education with special assignments as a teaching profession. Educators have other designations according to their specificities, namely teachers, lecturers, counselors, tutors, widyaiswara, tutors, instructors, facilitators. Educational staff includes principals / madrasas, supervisors of education units, administrative staff, library staff, laboratory staff, technicians, study group managers, leaders in learning and cleaning. The administrative process of educators and education personnel includes the provision of educators and education staff, placement of educators and education staff, orientation of educators and education staff.
Administrasi Keuangan
Authors: atika nurul
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- In general, this study aims to find out and analyze what is financial administration, how is the financial administration process, how is the role of a teacher in financial administration and what are the objectives and scope of financial administration. This research uses the literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of financial administration. Financial administration is one of the substance of school management which will also determine the course of educational activities in schools. Financial administration is an act of financial administration / administration which includes recording, planning, implementation, accountability and reporting. Thus, school financial administration can be interpreted as a series of activities regulating school finance from planning, accounting, spending, supervision and accountability of school finance. Through financial administration activities, funding needs for school activities can be planned, procurement sought, recorded transparently, and used to finance the implementation of school programs effectively and efficiently. For this reason the purpose of financial administration is to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of school finances, increase accountability and transparency of school finances and to minimize misuse of school budgets.
Supervisi pendidikan
Authors: atika nurul
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- In general, this study aims to determine and analyze the role of supervision in an education. This research uses the literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of Educational Administration. Supervision comes from the word super and vision, which means to see and review from above or view and assess from above, which is carried out by superiors on the activities, creativity and performance of subordinates. In terms of terms, in Carter's Good Dictionary Education, supervision is all the efforts of school officials in leading teachers and other education personnel to improve teaching. These include stimulating, selecting the growth and development of teachers' positions, selecting and revising educational goals, teaching materials and teaching methods, and evaluating teaching. Educational supervision has very important goals and benefits. The scope of educational supervision includes the following: Managerial supervision of the curriculum, Managerial supervision of student affairs, Managerial supervision of educators and education personnel, Managerial supervision of facilities and infrastructure, Managerial supervision of finance, Managerial supervision of public relations, Managerial supervision of administration, Administration supervision academics about learning, related to methods, sourcing strategies, and evaluations.
Perceptions of powerlessness are negatively associated with taking action on climate change: A preregistered replication
Authors: Williams Matt N , Jaftha Bruce A
Published: January 2020

Despite segments of scepticism, the majority of the general public in most countries believe that climate change is occurring and caused by human activities. Behaviour changes by individuals can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to at least some extent, but a range of psychological and economic barriers can prevent individuals from taking action. A survey of New Zealanders by Aitken, Chapman and McClure (2011) reported that belief in human influence on climate change and the risks of climate change were positively correlated with taking action on climate change. Conversely, perceptions of powerlessness and the commons dilemma were negatively correlated with taking action on climate change. Feeling powerless was associated with placing less importance on climate change as an influence on actions. Although Aitken et al’s study has been influential, it was exploratory in nature, had a moderate sample size, was not preregistered, and has not previously been replicated. In this study we report a preregistered replication with a sample of 352 Australians testing four hypotheses based on Aitken et al’s findings (as summarised above). All four hypotheses were supported, reproducing Aitken et al’s key findings.
Not so simple! Mechanisms increase preference for complex explanations
Authors: Zemla Jeffrey C , Sloman Steven A. , Bechlivanidis Christos , Lagnado David
Published: January 2020

Mechanisms play a central role in how we think about causality, yet not all causal explanations describe mechanisms. Across four experiments, we find that people evaluate explanations differently depending on whether or not they include mechanisms. Despite common wisdom suggesting that explanations ought to be simple (appealing to as few causes as necessary to explain an effect), the previous literature is divided over whether people adhere to this simplicity principle. Our findings suggest that the presence of mechanisms in an explanation is one factor that moderates this preference for simplicity. Without mechanisms, people typically exhibit a preference for simple explanations, consistent with probabilistic accounts. This preference is significantly reduced or even reversed when explanations contain mechanisms, suggesting that mechanisms afford a different way of evaluating explanations. Rather than focusing on probability, complex explanations that contain mechanisms may be preferred because they provide a fuller account of the underlying causal network, promoting a greater sense of understanding.
International Assessment of DSM-5 and ICD-11 Personality Disorder Traits: Toward a Common Nosology in DSM-5.1
Authors: Bach Bo , Kerber André , Aluja Anton , Bastiaens Tim , Keeley Jared W , Claes Laurence , Fossati Andrea , Gutierrez Fernando , Oliveira Sérgio E. S. , Pires Rute , Riegel Karel D. , Rolland Jean-Pierre , roskam isabelle , Sellbom Martin , Somma Antonella , Spanemberg Lucas , Strus Włodzimierz , Thimm Jens , Wright Aidan G. C. , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and the ICD-11 Classification of Personality Disorders (PD) are largely commensurate, and when combined, they delineate six trait domains: Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism/Dissociality, Disinhibition, Anankastia, and Psychoticism. Objective: The present study evaluated the international validity of abrief 36-item patient-report measure that portrays all six domains simultaneously including 18 primary subfacets. Methods: We developed and employed a modified version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 – Brief Form Plus (PID5BF+). A total number of 16,327 individuals were included, of which 2,347 were patients. The expected 6-factor structure of facets was initially investigated insamples from Denmark (n = 584), Germany (n = 1,271), and the U.S. (n = 605), and was subsequently replicated in both patient- and community samples from Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Czech Republic, U.S., and Brazil. Associations with interview-rated DSM-5 PD categories were also investigated. Results: Findings generally supported the empirical soundness andinternational robustness of the six domains including meaningful associations with familiar interviewratedPD types. Conclusions: The modified PID5BF+ may be employed internationally by clinicians and researchers for brief and reliable assessment of the six combined DSM-5 and ICD-11 domains, including 18 primary subfacets. This six-domain framework may inform a future nosology for DSM-5.1 that is more reasonably aligned with the authoritative ICD-11 codes than the current DSM-5 AMPD model. The 36-item modified PID5BF+ scoring key is provided in supplemental Appendix A.
Magic Curiosity Arousing Tricks (MagicCATs): A novel stimulus collection to induce epistemic emotions
Authors: Ozono Hiroki , Komiya Asuka , Kuratomi Kei , Hatano Aya , Fastrich Greta M. , Raw Jasmine , Haffey Anthony , Meliss Stefanie , Lau Johnny King L. , Murayama Kou
Published: January 2020

Recent years have seen considerable interest in empirical research on epistemic emotions, i.e. emotions related to knowledge-generating qualities of cognitive tasks and activities such as curiosity, interest, and surprise. One big challenge when studying epistemic emotions is systematically inducting these emotions in restricted experimental settings. The current study created a novel stimulus set called Magic Curiosity Arousing Tricks (MagicCATs): a collection of 166 short magic trick video clips that aim to induce a variety of epistemic emotions. MagicCATs are available for research, and can be used in a variety of ways to examine epistemic emotions. Rating data also supports that the magic tricks elicit a variety of epistemic emotions with sufficient inter-stimulus variability, demonstrating good psychometric properties for their use in psychological experiments.
Body Perception in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): The Effect of Body Structure Changes
Authors: Gao Jie , Tomonaga Masaki
Published: January 2020

Chimpanzees have been found to show the inversion effect to visual stimuli of intact chimpanzee bodies, suggesting that they have a specific way of body processing. In this study, we examined how changes of body structures affect the inversion effect to reveal the properties of their body processing. We focused on two aspects of body structures: the first-order relations (i.e. body part arrangements), and body proportions. The experimental conditions had stimuli of chimpanzee bodies with scrambled first-order relations in Experiment 1, and chimpanzee bodies with distorted body proportions in Experiment 2. Both experiments had a control condition consisting of stimuli of intact chimpanzee bodies. Seven chimpanzees participated in matching-to-sample tasks on touch screens. In each trial, the stimuli were chimpanzee bodies with the same kind of manipulation of body structures and were either all upright or all inverted. We compared their performances in the upright and inverted trials to examine the inversion effect. The chimpanzees did not show any inversion effect to scrambled bodies, but showed the inversion effect to distorted bodies and to intact bodies. The results suggest that chimpanzees’ configural body processing relies on correct first-order relations, and distorted body proportions do not interfere with configural processing. It also implies that chimpanzees may have knowledge of the arrangement of body parts, but they may be less sensitive to body proportions. This study could facilitate the understanding of the evolution of visual processing of bodies, faces, and other objects.
Gender Quotas in Development Programming: Null Results from a Field Experiment in Congo
Authors: van der Windt Peter Cornelis , Humphreys Macartan , de la Sierra Raul Sanchez
Published: January 2020

We examine whether gender quotas introduced by development agencies empower women. As part of a development program, an international organization created community management committees in 661 villages to oversee village level program expenditures. In a randomly selected half of these villages the organization required the committees to have gender parity. Using data on project choice from all participating villages, data on decision making in a later development project (105 villages), and data on citizen attitudes (200 villages), we find no evidence that gender parity requirements empower women. We discuss potential reasons for the null result, including weakness of these social interventions in terms of the engagement they generate, their time horizon, and the weak delegation of responsibilities.
Citizen Attitudes towards Traditional and State Authorities: Substitutes or Complements?
Authors: van der Windt Peter Cornelis , Humphreys Macartan , Medina Lily , Timmons Jeffrey , Voors Maarten
Published: January 2020

Do citizens view state and traditional authorities as substitutes or complements? Past work has been divided on this question. Some scholars point to competition between attitudes toward these entities, suggesting substitution, whereas others highlight positive correlations, suggesting complementarity. Addressing this question, however, is difficult, as it requires assessing the effects of exogenous changes in the latent valuation of one authority on an individual’s support for another. We show that this quantity—a type of elasticity—cannot be inferred from correlations between support for the two forms of authority. We employ a structural model to estimate this elasticity of substitution using data from 816 villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo and plausibly exogenous rainfall and conflict shocks. Despite prima facie evidence for substitution logics, our model’s outcomes are consistent with complementarity; positive changes in citizen valuation of the chief appear to translate into positive changes in support for the government.
Measuring Intangible Capital with Market Prices
Authors: Ewens Michael , Peters Ryan , Wang Sean
Published: January 2020

Accounting standards prohibit internally created knowledge and organizational capital from being disclosed on firm balance sheets. As a result, balance sheets exhibit downward biases that have become exacerbated by increasing levels of intangible investments. To offset these biases, researchers must estimate the value of these off-balance sheet intangibles by capitalizing prior flows of R&D and SG&A. In doing so, a set of capitalization parameters must be assumed, i.e., the R&D depreciation rate and the fraction of SG&A that represents a long-lived asset. We estimate these parameters using market prices from firm exits and use them to capitalize intangibles for a comprehensive panel of firms from 1978-2017. We then use a series of validation tests to examine the performance of our intangible capital stocks versus those developed from commonly used parameters. On average, our estimates of intangible capital are 15% smaller than estimates from status-quo parameters while exhibiting larger variation across industry. Intangible capital stocks derived from exit price parameters outperform existing measures when explaining market enterprise values and identifying human capital risk. Adjusting book values with exit-based intangible capital stocks markedly attenuates well-documented biases in market-to-book and return on equity ratios while increasing the precision of the HML asset pricing factor. We conclude that our capitalization parameters create intangible stocks that perform equal to or better than status-quo measures in various applications.
Decision to use herbicide in wheat production by the farm households in Nepal: A probit regression analysis
Authors: Adhikari Surya P. , Ghimire Yuga N. , Subedi Sanjiv , Poudel Hema K.
Published: January 2020

The use of herbicides in wheat production is increasing in Nepal mainly due to labor shortage and higher wage rates, even if available. However, little information is available on what factors determine the use of herbicides. This study explored the major factors that affect the decision to use herbicide by the wheat farmers. The semi-structured interview schedule was administered to 343 farmers from four major wheat-growing districts. The study employed a probit regression model to identify the factors that influenced the decision to use herbicides. Educations, membership, migration, wheat cultivated area, amount of urea use were identified as the significant factors influencing the decision of farmers to use herbicides. Herbicides user farmers produced 220 kg more wheat grain yield from one hectare of land compared to non-users. This study suggests that the wheat yield of Nepal could be increased through adopting better weed management techniques.
Multivariate analysis of soybean genotypes
Authors: Singh Pallavi Kumari , Shrestha Jiban , Kushwaha Ujjawal Kumar Singh
Published: January 2020

The experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications at the research field of Agriculture Botany Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate sixteen soybean genotypes using multivariate analysis. The results showed the significant (p <0.05) differences among genotypes for plant height, days to maturity plant and hundred  seeds weight and grain yield. Cluster analysis based on these traits, sixteen soybean genotypes were divided the genotypes into four clusters. The soybean genotypes grouped into cluster 1  showed the  highest value for days to maturity. The genotypes belonged to cluster 2 had the highest values for grain yield and plant height. The principle components analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 having eigen values the highest than unity explained 76.6% of total variability among soybean genotypes attributable to plant height, days to maturity, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight and grain yield. The genotypes showing wide diversity in cluster and principle component analysis can be used as parents in hybridization programs to maximize the use of genetic diversity and expression of heterosis and develop high yielding soybean varieties.
Response of different wheat varieties to Bipolaris sorokiniana at seedling stage under laboratory condition
Authors: Kandel Khagendra , Dhakal Dilli , Giri Harish , Basnet Sushil , Koirala Utsav , Dhakal Narayan
Published: January 2020

Spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) is a major disease of wheat in warm, humid wheat-growing regions. The aim of present study was to evaluate the infection symptomology and disease severity to different wheat varieties under laboratory condition. A total of ten wheat genotypes including RR-21 (a susceptible check) and Aditya (a resistant check), were evaluated for seedling stage resistance to spot blotch disease through artificial inoculation under laboratory condition at Gokuleswor, Baitadi during 2018. Based on disease severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), Aditya was found resistant and RR-21 was found susceptible The tested genotypes were categorized on the basis of total AUDPC value, where Banganga, BL4341, BL4407 and local genotype were moderately resistant, BL-4406, NL-1190, NL-297 and NL-971 were found moderately susceptible to spot blot at seedling stage. The susceptible check, RR-21 had the highest disease severity (44%) as well as mean AUDPC value (51.38).
Effects of different combinations of poultry manure and urea on growth, yield and economics of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Sitaula Hom Prasad , Dhakal Roshan , Bhattarai Chandan , Aryal Amrit , Bhandari Dija
Published: January 2020

A field experiment was carried out in garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and five treatments in horticulture farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal to find out the efficacy of different combination of poultry manure and Urea as nitrogen fertilizers in its yield and yield attributes. The five treatments used for experiment were designed altering the recommended nitrogen dose through different sources i.e. (T1) 100% Urea, (T2) 7% Urea and 25% poultry manure, (T3) 50% Urea and 50% poultry manure, (T4) 25% Urea and 75% poultry manure and (T5) 100% poultry manure. The data regarding to the plant height, number of cloves, diameter of bulbs and fresh bulb weight were taken. In case of plant height, non-significant result was found between various treatments. The number of cloves was found highest in T5 (24.69±1.30), the diameter of bulb was found highest in T2 (3.93±0.39 cm), fresh bulb weight was found highest in T2 (14.32±0.39 gm) and total bulb yield was found highest in T2 (7.16±0.19 t/ha) which were significant at 5 % level of significance. The total bulb yield was found positively correlated (r=0.53) with diameter of bulb at 1 % level of significance. The benefit cost (B/C) ratio was found highest in T2 (1.54) and lowest in T3 (1.28). So 75% Urea and 25 % Poultry Manure stood one of the best combinations of nitrogen fertilizers providing higher economic yields.
Factors Influencing Food Insecurity in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Hem Raj , Rijal Kedar , Joshi Ganesh Raj , Sapkota Ramesh P. , Thapa Sridhar
Published: January 2020

Nepal has been persistently encountering food insecurity and under-nutrition. It is therefore utmost important to determine the factors responsible for influencing food insecurity in Nepal. This study examines the factors determining food insecurity in Nepal applying binary logistic models for food poverty, household with inadequate food consumption and poor dietary diversity using data from Nepal Living Standard Survey 2010/11. Food security was determined to be strongly associated with education level and age of household head, household with higher female education level, larger farm size with higher ratio of irrigated land, better access to markets, roads and cooperatives, better household assets and remittance recipient households. Food insecure is relatively more prevalent in rural areas with higher dependent on rain-fed agriculture, higher dependency ratio and larger family size. Improving both physical and economic access to foods, together with investment in education and agriculture could help to reduce food insecurity and hunger from Nepal.
Landsat 8 Imagery Utilization to Spatial Analysis of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Palu Disaster in 2018
Authors: Utami Westi , Wibowo Yuli Ardianto , Permadi Fajar Buyung , Jannah Wasyilatul
Published: January 2020

Rehabilitation and reconstruction as a post-disaster stage becomes an important part in the disaster management cycle. Post-disaster as a moment that can be used to rebuild a better life order must be optimized in its implementation. This study was conducted using a spatial approach through the use of multitemporalremote sensing satellite imagery in Palu region. The data used in this study are Landsat 8 images in March 2018, Landsat 8 in November 2018 and Landsat 8 in March 2019. The research method is carried out through spatial analysis by supervised classification which is the maximum likelihood algorithm for classifying land use. The analysis was conducted by supervising classification to classify the existing conditions of land use. The research indicates that the locations of residential development are determined by the Government which are located inthe urban village of Tondo, sub-district of Mantkulore and urban village of Duyu, sub-district of West Palu, Palu City district; and they have considered the aspect of disaster vulnerability and land availability. The analysis of Landsat imagery shows that in this area, the rehabilitation and reconstruction process is ongoing. By theanalysis, it is discovered that there are changes in land-use before and after the disaster. In November 2018, there was a decrease of 56.4 hectares of built land in the village of Tondo and 17.76 hectares in village of Duyu. While, the results of the Landsat 8 image study in March 2019 shows that there are increases in these two regions.
Facile preparation of single phase high-entropy oxide nanocrystalline powders by solution combustion synthesis
Authors: Xiang Hou-Zheng , Xie Hong-Xiang , Mao Aiqin , Jia Yang-Gang , Si Ting-Zhi
Published: January 2020

High-entropy oxides (HEOs), due to their excellent physicochemical properties, have attracted extensive attention. In this work, the solution combustion synthesis approach was applied to prepare a series of porous single-phase HEO nanocrystalline powders. Equiatomic (Co0.2Cu0.2Mg0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)O, (Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Mg0.2Zn0.2)3O4 and (Ce0.2La0.2Pr0.2Sm0.2Y0.2)O2 were successfully obtained. While the former two could be stabilized into single rock-salt (Fm-3m) and spinel (Fd-3m) structures, the latter could be synthesized to have either CaF2-type (Fm-3m) or CaF2-related-type (Ia-3) structure depending on synthesis temperature. Furthermore, their chemical and microstructural homogeneity was further confirmed.