bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding the Scope of Aminosugars: Synthesis of 2‐Amino Septanosyl Glycoconjugates Using Septanosyl Fluoride Donors
Authors: Saha Jaideep , Peczuh Mark W.
Published: May 2011

A general strategy amenable to the strerocontrolled synthesis of complex, ring‐expanded analogues of natural aminoglycosides has been developed. Central to the method is the utilization of septanosyl fluorides as glycosyl donors in facile and selective glycosylation reactions. The septanosyl fluorides proved to be the best choice for the glycosylations because of their accessibility and the scope of aglycones that they could glycosylate. Moreover, a high degree of stereoselectivity was observed in the glycosylations, exclusively giving 1,2‐trans‐glycosides. 2‐Amino septanosyl fluorides were prepared from D‐glucose, D‐galactose, and D‐mannose. Other routes to the septanosyl glyconjugates, especially with regard to alternate donor types, were systematically investigated. Since routes to the individual donor types were being explored, factors that exert a controlling influence on the acid‐mediated cyclization of 1,6‐hydroxy‐aldehydes were determined. The newly prepared 2‐amino septanosyl glycoconjugates illustrate the scope of the reaction and how it may be utilized for the preparation of other ring‐expanded analogues of glycosylated natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Exchange Processes on Solvated Beryllium Cations. Part 5. Water Exchange on [Be(X)(H2O)3]+ (X: H‐, F‐, Cl‐, Br‐, OH‐, CN‐, NCNCN‐)
Authors: Budimir Ana , Walther Markus , Puchta Ralph , van Eldik Rudi
Published: May 2011

DFT calculations
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancement of the Upconversion Luminescence Intensity in Er3+ Doped BaTiO3 Nanocrystals by Codoping with Li+ Ions.
Authors: Sun Qiu , Chen Xiangqun , Liu Zhikai , Wang Fuping , Jiang Zhaohua , Wang Chao
Published: May 2011

Er3+/Li+‐codoped BaTiO3 nanocrystals exhibit greatly enhanced infrared‐to‐visible upconversion luminescence intensity under 976 nm laser excitation compared to that of nanocrystals without Li+ ions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Li—O2/CO2 Battery.
Authors: Takechi Kensuke , Shiga Tohru , Asaoka Takahiko
Published: May 2011

The title battery exhibits a very high discharge capacity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Zintl Ion [As7]2‐: An Example of an Electron‐Deficient Asx Radical Anion.
Authors: Sen Ayusman , et al. et al.
Published: May 2011

Compound (II) crystallizes in the space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD) and contains the new electron‐deficient Zintl ion As72‐.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure, Thermal Decomposition, and Explosive Properties of a Novel Energetic Compound [Zn(N2H4)2(N3)2] n: A New High‐Nitrogen Material (N = 65.60%).
Authors: Wu Bi‐Dong , Yang Li , Wang Shi‐Wei , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zhou Zun‐Ning , Yu Kai‐Bei
Published: May 2011

The new title compound is synthesized from an aqueous solution of stoichiometric amounts of Zn(OAc)2, N2H4, an NaN3 (60—70 °C, 59% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Dicarboxylate Assisted Synthesis of the Monoclinic Heterometallic Tetrathiocyanato Bridged Copper(II) and Mercury(II) Coordination Polymer {Cu[Hg(SCN)4]}n: Synthesis, Structural, Vibration, Luminescence, EPR Studies and DFT Calculations.
Authors: Khandar Ali Akbar , Klein Axel , Bakhtiari Akbar , Mahjoub Ali Reza , Pohl Roland W. H.
Published: May 2011

The black‐green crystals of title compound (III) crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed‐Addenda Lindqvist‐Type Polyoxoanion [V2W4O19]4‐‐Supported Copper Complexes.
Authors: Wang Chunling , Weng Linhong , Ren Yuanhang , Du Chengbo , Yue Bin , Gu Min , He Heyong
Published: May 2011

Compounds (IV), (V), and (VI) are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, IR, and 51V NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis of Copper Indium Diselenide in Toluene.
Authors: Chang Juyeon , Han Jae Eok , Jung Duk‐Young
Published: May 2011

The reactivity of selected alkyl amines as complexing agents in the solvothermal synthesis of CuInSe2 from mixtures of Se, CuCl2, and InCl3 in toluene is studied and the critical amine concentration and shortest reaction times are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Wurtzite Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystals: A Novel Quaternary Semiconductor.
Authors: Lu Xiaotang , Zhuang Zhongbin , Peng Qing , Li Yadong
Published: May 2011

Nanocrystals of the new wurtzite phase of title are synthesized by injection of a hot (120 °C) dodecanethiol solution of CuCl2, ZnCl2, and SnCl4 into a mixture of dodecanethiol and oleylamine or oleic acid at 240 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 1‐Heteroarylalkanols by Asymmetric Esterification Using Diphenylacetic Acid with Pivalic Anhydride and a Chiral Acyl‐Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Ono Keisuke , Nakata Kenya
Published: May 2011

The first efficient non‐enzymatic method for providing optically active 1‐heteroarylalkanol derivatives by kinetic resolution is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodimerization and Cyclotrimerization of Isocyanates Promoted by One Praseodymium Benzenethiolate Complex [Pr(SPh)3(THF)3].
Authors: Wang He‐Ming , Li Hong‐Xi , Yu Xiang‐Yang , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Lang Jian‐Ping
Published: May 2011

Title praseodymium complex efficiently catalyzes the cyclotrimerization of aryl isocyanates (I) to give sym‐triazines (II) in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Benzo‐Anellated Heterocycles, Naphthalenes, and Polysubstituted Benzenes Through a Novel Benzannulation Reaction.
Authors: Cikotiene Inga , Buksnaitiene Rita , Sazinas Rokas
Published: May 2011

The novel and efficient methyl mercaptoacetate mediated procedure does not require transition‐metal catalysts and can be applied for the synthesis of a wide range of benzo‐annulated heterocycles, naphthalenes and benzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening of Hetaryne—Furan Diels—Alder Adducts: Rapid Access to Stereochemically Defined Heterocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Nguyen Trung D. , Webster Robert , Lautens Mark
Published: May 2011

Optically active quinoline, isoquinoline, benzoquinoline, and benzoindole derivatives are available.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold and Platinum Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Propargyl Acetates Bearing Terminal Alkynes or Methyl Ketones.
Authors: Kusakabe Taichi , Kato Keisuke
Published: May 2011

Two kinds of cascade reactions of propargyl acetates are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Arylation of Aliphatic Allylic Bromides: Steric and Electronic Effects on γ‐Selectivity.
Authors: Selim Khalid B. , Nakanishi Hirotsugu , Matsumoto Yasumasa , Yamamoto Yasutomo , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: May 2011

The outcome depends on the steric and electronic nature of educts and catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Isomerization/Enamide‐Ene and Diene Metathesis for the Construction of Indoles, Quinolines, Benzofurans and Chromenes with a Chiral Cyclopropane Substituent.
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Shuto Satoshi
Published: May 2011

The synthesis of indoles with an alkyl or a chiral cyclopropane at the 2‐position includes alkene isomerization and enamide‐ene ring‐closing metathesis as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: An Atom‐Efficient and Powerful Method for Direct Esterification of Silyl Ethers Catalyzed by HClO4—SiO2.
Authors: Du Ti‐Jian , Wu Qin‐Pei , Liu Hai‐Xia , Chen Xi , Shu Yi‐Nan , Xi Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Qing‐Shan , Li Yun‐Zheng
Published: May 2011

The fluoride‐free one‐pot method is environmentally friendly since the silyl protecting groups are transformed into acetates as the sole byproducts, which are readily recoverable and converted back to silyl chlorides as protecting agents by treatment with conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective, Three‐Component Reactions of Diazoacetates with Anilines and β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Esters: 1,2‐Addition versus 1,4‐Addition.
Authors: Zhu Yingguang , Zhai Changwei , Yang Liping , Hu Wenhao
Published: May 2011

The course of the reaction is highly dependent on the electronic nature of the diazoacetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Reduction of Prochiral Aromatic Ketones to Optically Pure Alcohols by a Coupled Enzyme System for Cofactor Regeneration.
Authors: Yan Zhen , Nie Yao , Xu Yan , Liu Xiang , Xiao Rong
Published: May 2011

A biphasic system containing NADPH and glucose with a cell‐free extract of a recombinant E.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Fluorinated α‐ and β‐Amino Nitriles from Fluoroalkylated α,β‐Unsaturated Imines.
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Ochoa de Retana Ana M. , Pascual Sergio , Fernandez de Troconiz Guillermo
Published: May 2011

An efficient synthesis of fluoroalkylated α‐aminonitrile derivatives is presented by regiospecific 1,2‐addition of TmsCN to isolated [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyanochalcogenation of Alkynes with Chalcogenocyanates.
Authors: Ozaki Toshiya , Nomoto Akihiro , Kamiya Ikuyo , Kawakami Jun‐ichi , Ogawa Akiya
Published: May 2011

The palladium‐catalyzed reaction of phenyl thiocyanate with alkynes (I) gives rise to (Z)‐alkene (III) as main or sole product in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐[(1R)‐1‐(6‐Fluoro‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐3‐substituted Phenyl Ureas and Their Inhibition Activity to Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase.
Authors: Pejchal Vladimir , Stepankova Sarka , Drabina Pavel
Published: May 2011

Several novel unsymmetrically substituted ureas (III) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Deoxybenzoins to Benzils with Air and One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinoxalines.
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Jiang Huanfeng , Huang Liangbin , Chen Zhengwang , Chen Huoji
Published: May 2011

The process offers an efficient synthesis of benzils and can be coupled with a subsequent condensation in the presence of o‐phenylenediamines to afford quinoxalines in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed [1,5]‐Sigmatropic Hydrogen Shift of Propargylic Esters Toward Substituted Naphthylamines.
Authors: Zhao Shu‐Chun , Shu Xing‐Zhong , Ji Ke‐Gong , Zhou An‐Xi , He Ting , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: May 2011

It provides a new and convenient approach to various β‐arylated naphthylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoradenes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation.
Authors: Rong Lingling , Liu Qiancai , Shi Yingbo , Tang Jie
Published: May 2011

The acid‐promoted mono‐ or dialkylation of carbazoles (I) with fluorenol (II) followed by palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular arylation of intermediates (III) and (V) gives rise to novel fluoradenes (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: The Darzens Condensation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Krafft Marie E. , Twiddle Steven J. R. , Cran John W.
Published: May 2011

Enolates of α‐bromo esters (I) or ketones (V) undergo one‐pot Darzens condensation to give diastereomeric mixtures of epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Ring Expansion of Chiral Vinyl Aziridines.
Authors: Brichacek Matthew , Villalobos Mauricio Navarro , Plichta Alexandra , Njardarson Jon T.
Published: May 2011

It allows new access to a number of chiral pyrrolines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Diversely Substituted 2‐Aminopyrroles. A Short General Synthesis of Rigidins A, B, C, and D.
Authors: Frolova Liliya V. , Evdokimov Nikolai M. , Hayden Kathryn , Malik Indranil , Rogelj Snezna , Kornienko Alexander , Magedov Igor V.
Published: May 2011

Base‐mediated coupling of sulfonamides of type (I) and (V) with aldehydes and activated cyanides allows new access to tetra‐ and pentasubstituted 2‐aminopyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Indoles Using Sulfur‐MOP Ligand.
Authors: Hoshi Takashi , Sasaki Koji , Sato Shun , Ishii Yuichi , Suzuki Toshio , Hagiwara Hisahiro
Published: May 2011

Among catalysts (I) derivatives, (Ia,b) prove to be the most effective ones in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Substituted‐1H‐pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza , Hosseini‐Tabatabaei Mohammad R. , Shahraki Mehdi , Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Ghoroghchian Saeedeh
Published: May 2011

In the absence of triphenylphosphine, stable (Z)‐hydrazone derivatives (IV) are obtained, which do not undergo cyclization toward pyrazoles (III) even upon prolonged heating in acetonitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Some Azole Derivatives Containing 2,4,5‐Triphenyl Imidazole Moiety as Antiinflammatory and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Amir Mohd , Ahsan Iftikhar , Akhter Wasim , Khan S. A. , Ali Israr
Published: May 2011

A variety of triazole, thiadiazole and thiazole derivatives is synthesized via intra‐ or intermolecular cyclization reactions of thiosemicarbazides (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Biologically Active Benzothiazole Derivatives Containing Benzimidazole and Imidazoline Moieties.
Authors: Chaudhary Manish , Pareek Deepak , Pareek Pawan K. , Kant Ravi , Ojha Krishan G. , Pareek Arun
Published: May 2011

Synthesized benzothiazole derivatives (IV) and (VI) are screened for their antibacterial activity, antifeedant activity, contact toxicity, stomach toxicity, and acaricidal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Replacement of the Double Bond of Antitubulin Chalcones with Triazoles and Tetrazoles: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Tron Gian Cesare , et al. et al.
Published: May 2011

The olefinic portion of chalcones is replaced by two metabolically stable and chemically inert heterocyclic rings (triazole or tetrazole).
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening/Intramolecular Conia‐Ene Reactions of Methylenecyclopropane 1,1‐Diesters with Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: Hu Bao , Ren Jun , Wang Zhongwen
Published: May 2011

Various pyran derivatives are synthesized by the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Approach to 3‐Aryl‐2‐aminopyridines Through a Radical Mechanism: Synthesis and Theoretical Rationale form Quantum Mechanical Calculations.
Authors: Camacho‐Artacho Marta , Abet Valentina , Frutos Luis M. , Gago Federico , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Burgos Carolina
Published: May 2011

It is found that treatment of bromopyridines of type (I) with (Tms)3SiH and the nitrile ACN allows selective access to 3‐aryl‐2‐aminopyridines via radical ipso substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Polypyridine‐polycarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Kelly Niamh R. , Goetz Sandrine , Hawes Chris S. , Kruger Paul E.
Published: May 2011

Various methyl‐substituted polypyridines are subjected to oxidation by dilute nitric acid under thermal conditions with a view to obtaining the corresponding carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Tetrahydroquinolines via Organocatalytic Michael/Aza‐Henry Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Jia Zhen‐Xin , Luo Yong‐Chun , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: May 2011

The reaction proceeds with the highest diastereoselectivity for ortho‐substituted aromatic imine substrates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New N‐Substituted Quinoline Derivatives of 1H‐Pyrazole.
Authors: Thumar Nilesh J. , Patel Manish P.
Published: May 2011

A variety of new derivatives of 4‐pyrazolyl‐N‐(het)arylquinoline (VI) and (VIII) (32 examples in all) is synthesized via a multicomponent reaction approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Pyrazolothienotetrahydroisoquinoline and [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4‐a]thienotetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Kamal Adel M. , Radwan Shaban M. , Zaki Remon M.
Published: May 2011

1‐Hydrazino‐3‐thioxotetrahydroisoquinoline‐4‐carbonitrile (II) is used as key precursor for the synthesis of a series of the title azolothienoisoquinoline heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Novel Chromeno[4,3‐b]quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Miri Ramin , Motamedi Radineh , Rezaei Mohammad Reza , Firuzi Omidreza , Javidnia Azita , Shafiee Abbas
Published: May 2011

Some of the title compounds (III) (15 examples) show moderate cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines and, at the same time, very low calcium channel antagonistic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of N‐Bridged Heterocycles via Dipolar Cycloaddition of Pentafulvenes with 3‐Oxidopyridinium Betaines.
Authors: Kuthanapillil Jinesh M. , Thulasi Sreeja , Rajan Rani , Krishnan K. Syam , Suresh E. , Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: May 2011

The betaines are generated in situ either by treatment of pyridinium bromides (II) with a base or by treatment of betaine dimers (IV) at elevated temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel n‐[3‐(4‐Phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐propyl]‐carboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: Weng Zhiyong , Gao Yanping , Zhang Jiankang , Dong Xiaowu , Liu Tao
Published: May 2011

A variety of novel title piperazine derivatives (VII) is designed, synthesized and screened for their cell‐cell fusion inhibitory activity for the use as potential antiretroviral drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of 5‐Substitution on the Electrochemical Behavior and Antitubercular Activity of PA‐824.
Authors: Bollo Soledad , Nunez‐Vergara Luis J. , Kang Sunhee , Zhang Liang , Boshoff Helena I. , Barry Clifton E. III , Squella Juan A. , Dowd Cynthia S.
Published: May 2011

Substitution at the imidazole ring of title compound (I) greatly influences reduction and stability of the corresponding nitro radical anion.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and General Synthesis of Oxazino[4,3‐a]indoles by Cascade Addition—Cyclization Reactions of (1H‐Indol‐2‐yl)methanols and Vinyl Sulfonium Salts.
Authors: An Jing , Chang Ning‐Jie , Song Li‐Dong , Jin Yu‐Qin , Ma Ying , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: May 2011

Indole derivatives of type (III) are known to possess antidepressant and/or antitumor activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 1‐(5‐Methyl‐3‐isoxazolyl)‐3,6‐diaryl‐4‐thioxo‐1,3,5‐triazinan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Raju S. , Reddy M. Nagi , Reddy K. Govardhan
Published: May 2011

All the title compounds (V) (12 examples) are found to exhibit good to excellent antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Heterocycles Based on a Diphenyl Sulfone Scaffold: Synthesis and Substituent Effect on the Antifungal Activity Against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: Murafuji Toshihiro , Fujiwara Yudai , Yoshimatsu Daisuke , Miyakawa Isamu , Migita Kouto , Mikata Yuji
Published: May 2011

A variety of heterocyclic organo‐bismuth(III) compounds are synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Type Indole Diterpene, Eujindoles, from Eupenicillium javanicum
Authors: Nakadate Shou , Nozawa Koohei , Horie Hitoshi , Fujii Yuichi , Yaguchi Takashi
Published: May 2011

isolation and structure determination of two new indole diterpenes, 17‐hydroxyeujindole (I) and 17‐oxoeujindole (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Dichotellides A—E, Five New Iodine‐Containing Briarane Type Diterpenoids from Dichotella gemmacea.
Authors: Liu Yonghong , et al. et al.
Published: May 2011

The absolute configuration of dichotellide A (I) is determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis, whereas the absolute configurations of dichotellide B (IIa), C (IIb), D (IIIa), and E (IIIb) remain to be established.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Triterpenes from Xylarialean sp. A45, an Endophytic Fungus from Annona squamosa L.
Authors: Lin Ting , Lin Xiao , Lu Chun‐Hua , Shen Yue‐Mao
Published: May 2011

isolation and structure elucidation of xylariacins A (I), B (II) and C (III)
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐6α‐Hydroxy Polyanthellin A — A Novel Antifouling Diterpenoid from the Indian Soft Coral Cladiella krempfi (Hickson).
Authors: Limna Mol V. P. , Raveendran T. V. , Parameswaran P. S. , Kunnath R. J. , Rajamohanan P. R.
Published: May 2011

Compound (I) is active against the cyprids of Balanus amphitrite.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Elucidation of Streptorubin B.
Authors: Haynes Stuart W. , Sydor Paulina K. , Corre Christophe , Song Lijiang , Challis Gregory L.
Published: May 2011

The investigation of the natural product reveals an 88:7:5 mixture of the (7′S,anti):(7′S,syn):(7′R,anti) stereoisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Strong Correlations in Actinide Redox Reactions
Authors: Horowitz S. E. , Marston J. B.
Published: May 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Molybdenum
Authors: Schrock Richard R.
Published: May 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Recoordination of Metal Cations in Complexes with Chromogenic Crown Ethers
Authors: Rusalov M. V. , Uzhinov B. M. , Alfimov M. V. , Gromov S. P.
Published: May 2011

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Coordination Chemistry and Its Relevance to Metal‐Mediated Radical Polymerization
Authors: Poli Rinaldo
Published: May 2011

Review: about 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Classical N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Kruger Anneke , Albrecht Martin
Published: May 2011

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ways for Old Structures
Authors: Irimie Florin Dan , Paizs Csaba , Tosa Monica , Podea Paula
Published: May 2011

Review: [i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing Chiral Phosphorus Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenations
Authors: Li Wei , Hou Guohua , Sun Xianfeng , Shang Gao , Zhang Weicheng , Zhang Xumu
Published: May 2011

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Direct Arylations via C—H Bond Cleavages
Authors: Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Vinylogous Aldol Reaction: Targeting Stereocontrol
Authors: Zanardi Franca , Battistini Lucia , Curti Claudio , Castraghi Giovanni , Rassu Gloria
Published: May 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bronsted Acids for Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Kampen Daniela , Reisinger Corinna M. , List Benjamin
Published: May 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Authors: Potrzebowski Marek J.
Published: May 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Klinowski Jacek , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Silva Patricia , Rocha Joao
Published: May 2011

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroactive Rotaxanes and Catenanes
Authors: Credi Alberto , Venturi Margherita
Published: May 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enones: Access to a New L‐Menthol Synthesis
Authors: Jaekel Christoph , Paciello Rocco
Published: May 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Future of Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Gladysz John A.
Published: May 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazolopyrimidines Without Bridgehead Nitrogen: Thiazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: El‐Bayouki Khairy A. M. , Basyouni Wahid M.
Published: May 2011

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biologically Active 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Rajak Harish , Kharya Murli Dhar , Mishra Pradeep
Published: May 2011

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Pyridineselenenyl‐ and Tellurenyl Chlorides as Building Blocks for Derivatives of 2,3‐Dihydro[1,3]selen(tellur)azolo[3,2‐a]pyridin‐4‐ium
Authors: Bortsov Alexander V. , Matsulevich Zhanna V. , Osmanov Vladimir K. , Borisova Galina N. , Fukin Georgy K.
Published: May 2011

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Indoles
Authors: Patil S. A. , Patil R. , Miller D. D.
Published: May 2011

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lactones by Asymmetric Hydrogenation — A Step Forward in (+)‐Biotin Production
Authors: Bonrath Werner , Karge Reinhard , Netscher Thomas , Roessler Felix , Spindler Felix
Published: May 2011

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Slow‐Release Strategy in Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling
Authors: Lennox Alastair J. J. , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C.
Published: May 2011

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Gosmini Corinne , Moncomble Aurelien
Published: May 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyphenylenes, Cross‐Linked Through Pd‐Carbene Complexes Formation, for Catalysis in Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Rud Dmiry A. , Kushakova Natalia S. , Shapovalov Alexey V. , Naumkin Alexander V. , Zhidkova Irina V. , Khotina Irina A.
Published: May 2011

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of Fast Photochemical Charge Separation and Charge Recombination Reactions
Authors: Ivanov A. I. , Mikhailova V. A.
Published: May 2011

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Collective Physical Properties in Supramolecular Organized Phthalocyanine—C60‐Fullerene Conjugates
Authors: Bottari Giovanni , Torres Tomas
Published: May 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Insights in the Rational Design of Synthetic Multivalent Glycoconjugates as Lectin Ligands.
Authors: Deniaud David , Julienne Karine , Gouin Sebastien G.
Published: May 2011

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Medical Applications of Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Materials within the Field of Silica‐Based Bioceramics
Authors: Vallet‐Regi Maria , Colilla Montserrat , Gonzalez Blanca
Published: May 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Role of Chirality in Nucleic Acid Recognition
Authors: D'Alonzo Daniele , Guaragna Annalisa , Palumbo Giovanni
Published: May 2011

Review: 233 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Analysis of Ginseng: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Qi Lian‐Wen , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Yuan Chun‐Su
Published: May 2011

Review: 318 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticle‐Based Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Biomolecules
Authors: Chiang Cheng‐Kang , Chen Wen‐Tsen , Chang Huan‐Tsung
Published: May 2011

Review: 60 refs.
Myeloablative doses of yttrium‐90‐ibritumomab tiuxetan and the risk of secondary myelodysplasia/acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Guidetti Anna , Carlo‐Stella Carmelo , Ruella Marco , Miceli Rosalba , Devizzi Lilli , Locatelli Silvia L. , Giacomini Arianna , Testi Adele , Buttiglieri Stefano , Risso Alessandra , Mariani Luigi , Di Nicola Massimo , Passera Roberto , Tarella Corrado , Gianni Alessandro M.
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND:

Because the long‐term toxicity of myeloablative radioimmunotherapy remains a matter of concern, the authors evaluated the hematopoietic damage and incidence of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia (sMDS/AML) in patients who received myeloablative doses of the radiolabeled antibody yttrium‐90 (90Y)‐ibritumomab tiuxetan.

METHODS:

The occurrence of sMDS/AML was investigated prospectively in 53 elderly patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who underwent an autograft after high‐dose radioimmunotherapy (HD‐RIT) myeloablative conditioning with 90Y‐ibritumomab tiuxetan. Bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitors and telomere length (TL) also were investigated.

RESULTS:

At a median follow‐up of 49 months, 4 patients developed sMDS/AML at 6 months, 12 months, 27 months, and 36 months after HD‐RIT, and the 5‐year cumulative incidence of sMDS/AML was 8.29%. A significant but transient decrease in BM granulocyte‐macrophage progenitors was observed; whereas multilineage, erythroid, and fibroblast progenitors were unaffected. A significant and persistent shortening of BM TL also was detected. A matched‐pair analysis comparing the study patients with 55 NHL patients who underwent autografts after chemotherapy‐based myeloablative conditioning demonstrated a 8.05% 5‐year cumulative incidence of sMDS/AML.

CONCLUSIONS:

HD‐RIT for patients with NHL was associated with 1) limited toxicity on hematopoietic progenitors, 2) accelerated TL shortening, and 3) non‐negligible incidence of sMDS/AML, which nevertheless was comparable to the incidence observed in a matched group of patients who received chemotherapy‐based conditioning. Thus, in the current series of elderly patients with NHL, the development of sMDS/AML was not influenced substantially by HD‐RIT. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Wet‐Chemical Synthesis of Nanoscale Iron Boride, XAFS Analysis and Crystallisation to α‐FeB
Authors: Rades Steffi , Kornowski Andreas , Weller Horst , Albert Barbara
Published: May 2011

The reaction of lithium tetrahydridoborate and iron bromide in high boiling ether as reaction medium produces an ultrafine, pyrophoric and magnetic precipitate. X‐ray and electron diffraction proved the product to be amorphous. According to X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) the precipitate has FeB structure up to nearly two coordination spheres around an iron absorber atom. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the ultrafine powder to be nanoscale. Subsequent annealing at 450 °C causes the atoms to arrange in a more distinct FeB structure, and further thermal treatment to 1050 °C extends the local structure to the α‐modification of FeB. Between 1050 °C and 1500 °C α‐FeB is transformed into β‐FeB.
Semi‐automated scoring of triple‐probe FISH in human sperm: Methods and further validation
Authors: Perry Melissa J. , Chen Xing , McAuliffe Megan E. , Maity Arnab , Deloid Glen M.
Published: May 2011

Although the frequency and consequence of sperm chromosomal abnormalities are considerable, few epidemiologic studies in large samples have been conducted to investigate etiologic risk factors. This is, in part, attributable to the labor intensive demands of manual sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) scoring. As part of an epidemiologic study investigating environmental risk factors for aneuploidy among men attending a hospital‐based fertility clinic, a semi‐automated method of slide scoring was further validated and used to estimate sex chromosome sperm disomy frequency in a large number of samples. Multiprobe FISH for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 was used to determine sex chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. Semi‐automated scoring methods were used to quantify X disomy (sperm FISH genotype XX18), Y disomy (YY18), and XY disomy (XY18). The semi‐automated results were compared with the results from manual scoring in 10 slides. The semi‐automated method was then used to estimate sex chromosome disomy frequency in 60 men. Of 10 slides scored, significant differences between the manual and semi‐automated results were seen primarily in one slide that was of poor quality because of over swollen nuclei. Among 60 men analyzed using the semi‐automated method, median total sex chromosome disomy frequency was 1.65%, which is higher than seen among normal men but within range with reports from fertility clinic populations. These results further validate that semi‐automated methods can be used to score sperm disomy with results comparable to manual methods. This is the largest study to date to provide estimates of sex chromosome disomy among men attending fertility clinics. These methods should be replicated in larger clinic populations to arrive at stable estimates of aneuploidy frequency in men who are members of subfertile couples. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Flow cytometric characterization of cerebrospinal fluid cells
Authors: de Graaf Marieke T. , de Jongste Arjen H. C. , Kraan Jaco , Boonstra Joke G. , Smitt Peter A. E. Sillevis , Gratama Jan W.
Published: May 2011

Flow cytometry facilitates the detection of a large spectrum of cellular characteristics on a per cell basis, determination of absolute cell numbers and detection of rare events with high sensitivity and specificity. White blood cell (WBC) counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important for the diagnosis of many neurological disorders. WBC counting and differential can be performed by microscopy, hematology analyzers, or flow cytometry. Flow cytometry of CSF is increasingly being considered as the method of choice in patients suspected of leptomeningeal localization of hematological malignancies. Additionally, in several neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, flow cytometry is commonly performed to obtain insight into the immunopathogenesis of these diseases. Technically, the low cellularity of CSF samples, combined with the rapidly declining WBC viability, makes CSF flow cytometry challenging. Comparison of flow cytometry with microscopic and molecular techniques shows that each technique has its own advantages and is ideally combined. We expect that increasing the number of flow cytometric parameters that can be simultaneously studied within one sample, will further refine the information on CSF cell subsets in low‐cellular CSF samples and enable to define cell populations more accurately. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A service‐oriented taxonomical spectrum, cloudy challenges and opportunities of cloud computing
Authors: Rimal Bhaskar Prasad , Choi Eunmi
Published: May 2011

Cloud computing has emerged as a popular computing milieu that provides a range of delivering solutions for small to large enterprises with a flexible model that allows a computing power and storing space for the large volumetric data within minimum cost. These days, computational paradigm is shifting towards utility‐based pay‐as‐you‐go model and many discussion aside, but there remains no canonical definition of cloud computing yet. In this paper we have proposed a service‐oriented taxonomical spectrum of cloud computing, which is more focused on the service engineering perspective of cloud. Our argument behind cloud engineering is a layered structural approach ‘as a Service’ such as security as a service, fault tolerance as a service, architecture as a service. The main contribution of this paper is to identify a wide spectrum of taxonomy, aiming at a better understanding of functional as well as architectural components that could benefit from cloudification. We describe each sub‐taxonomy (architecture, core services, security, fault tolerance, management services etc.) in details. In addition, we present a comparative study of several cloud systems based on taxonomy. Moreover, it also identifies many challenges and opportunities that exist on the landscape of enterprise cloud. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dopaminergic and noradrenergic circuit development in zebrafish
Authors: Schweitzer Jörn , Löhr Heiko , Filippi Alida , Driever Wolfgang
Published: May 2011

Dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons constitute some of the major far projecting systems in the vertebrate brain and spinal cord that modulate the activity of circuits controlling a broad range of behaviors. Degeneration or dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons has also been linked to a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged over the past two decades into a major genetic vertebrate model system, and thus contributed to a better understanding of developmental mechanisms controlling dopaminergic neuron specification and axonogenesis. In this review, we want to focus on conserved and dynamic aspects of the different catecholaminergic systems, which may help to evaluate the zebrafish as a model for dopaminergic and noradrenergic cellular specification and circuit function as well as biomedical aspects of catecholamine systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 256–268, 2012
Genetic dissection of the zebrafish habenula, a possible switching board for selection of behavioral strategy to cope with fear and anxiety
Authors: Okamoto Hitoshi , Agetsuma Masakazu , Aizawa Hidenori
Published: May 2011

The habenula is a part of an evolutionarily highly conserved conduction pathway within the limbic system that connects telencephalic nuclei to the brain stem nuclei such as interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and the raphe. In mammals, the medial habenula receives inputs from the septohippocampal system, and relaying such information to the IPN. In contrast, the lateral habenula receives inputs from the ventral pallidum, a part of the basal ganglia. The physical adjunction of these two habenular nuclei suggests that the habenula may act asan intersection of the neural circuits for controlling emotion and behavior. We have recently elucidated that zebrafish has the equivalent structure as the mammalian habenula. The transgenic zebrafish, in which the neural signal transmission from the lateral subnucleus of the dorsal habenula to the dorsal IPN was selectively impaired, showed extremely enhanced levels of freezing response to presentation of the conditioned aversive stimulus. Our observation supports that the habenula may act as the multimodal switching board for controlling emotional behaviors and/or memory in experience dependent manners. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 386–394, 2012
The DigiBog peatland development model 2: ecohydrological simulations in 2D
Authors: Morris Paul J. , Baird Andy J. , Belyea Lisa R.
Published: May 2011

In the first of this pair of papers we introduced the conceptual and hydrological basis of the peatland development model—DigiBog. Here we describe the submodels which simulate (i) the production of plant litter, (ii) peat decomposition, and (iii) changes in peat hydraulic conductivity due to decomposition. To illustrate how the model works, DigiBog was applied to three example situations: Bogs 1, 2, and 3. For each, the net rainfall was held constant at 30 cm year−1 and the oxic decomposition parameter kept at 0·015 year−1. The anoxic decomposition parameter varied from 5 × 10−6 (Bog 1) to 5 × 10−4 year−1 (Bog 3). Peatland development was simulated for 5000 years. For Bogs 1 and 2, plausible large peatland domes develop. Despite having a higher anoxic decomposition rate, Bog 2 grew thicker than Bog 1. This apparently counter‐intuitive result is caused by the feedback between hydraulic conductivity and degree of peat decomposition. For both Bogs 1 and 2, DigiBog also simulates transitions from wet to dry states, demarked by sudden switches from poorly decomposed to well‐decomposed peat moving upwards in the peat profile. These regime shifts result from internal peatland dynamics and not from allogenic influences, and challenge the view that peat properties are always a reflection of climate. In Bog 3, a ‘mini‐bog’ developed and persisted near the margin of the peatland; this bog can also be explained in terms of the internal feedbacks within the model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Paddle‐Wheel Zinc Carboxylate Clusters and Mixed Ligands
Authors: Li Jia , Peng Yu , Liang Hongwei , Yu Yang , Xin Bingjing , Li Guanghua , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: May 2011

A series of 3D interpenetrating metal‐organic frameworks, namely, [Zn3(BPDC)3(4‐BPT)1.5]·1.5DMF [1, BPDC = biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid, 4‐BPT = 4‐amino‐3,5‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole, DMF = dimethylformamide], [Zn3(BPDC)3(4‐PYTZ)1.5]·1.5DMF [2, 4‐PYTZ = 3,6‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine], [Zn2(OBA)2(4‐PYTZ)]·2DMF [3, OBA = 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoate)], [Zn2(OBA)2(3‐PYTZ)·Zn2(OBA)2(DMF)2]·7DMF [4, 3‐PYTZ = 3,6‐bis(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine] and [Zn2(OBA)2(3‐BPT)]·2.5DMF [5, 3‐BPT = 4‐amino‐3,5‐bis(3‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole] were synthesized by the reaction of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with various dipyridyl derivatives and rigid or nonrigid aromatic dicarboxylate ligands. These five compounds were constructed by paddle‐wheel‐type coordination of ZnII pairs and mixed ligands, which can be simplified as nodes and linkers to generate a variety of topologies. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit threefold interpenetrated 6‐connected pcu topology. The interpenetration observed in compounds 1 and 2 is a rare case of heterointerpenetration. The structure of 3 is derived from a 2D double interpenetrated rhombic grid substructure, and is an interesting example of a self‐catenated framework displaying a 6‐connected uninodal framework with a point symbol (44.610.8). Compound 4, which is derived from a crosslinked threefold interpenetrated substructure with pts topology, displays a self‐catenated 4,6‐connected binodal framework with the point symbol (42.62.72) (42.68.7.84). Compound 5 exhibits a self‐catenated 6‐connected structure with rob topology, and with the point symbol (48.66.8). Compounds 1–5 also display varied luminescence properties in the solid state.
Helicene‐Based Phosphite Ligands in Asymmetric Transition‐Metal Catalysis: Exploring Rh‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation and Ir‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination
Authors: Krausová Zuzana , Sehnal Petr , Bondzic Bojan P. , Chercheja Serghei , Eilbracht Peter , Stará Irena G. , Šaman David , Starý Ivo
Published: May 2011

Starting from the optically pure [6]helicene‐like alcohol(P,3S)‐3‐methyl‐4‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐1,3,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[c]benzo[5,6]phenanthro[4,3‐e]oxepin‐14‐ol, four helical phosphites were prepared from the corresponding chlorophosphites. These ligands containing parent or substituted 1,3,2‐dioxaphospholan‐2‐yl or dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin‐6‐yl moieties were applied to the asymmetric hydroformylation of terminal alkenes catalyzed by Rh(acac)(CO)2 and the asymmetric allylic amination of cinnamyl‐type carbonates catalyzed by [Ir(cod)Cl]2. The helical phosphite containing the dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin‐6‐yl group was most successful in the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene, leading to moderate enantiomeric excess values (up to 32 % ee), high regioselectivity in favor of the branched product, and mostly high conversion, whereas the helical ligand containing the 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholan‐2‐yl fragment was most effective in asymmetric allylic aminations, exhibiting high enantioselectivity (up to 94 % ee), excellent regioselectivity in favor of the branched products, and good reactivity. This study represents the first use of helicene‐like ligands in asymmetric reactions, including hydroformylation and allylic amination, and the promising results indicate the potential of the helicene moieties as chiral inductors.
Chiral Primary Amine Catalyzed Asymmetric Direct Cross‐Aldol Reaction of Acetaldehyde
Authors: Hu Shenshen , Zhang Long , Li Jiuyuan , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: May 2011

The first primary aminocatalytic direct cross‐aldol reaction of acetaldehyde is presented. Among the various vicinal diamines screened, the L‐tert‐leucine derivative 1c in conjunction with (H4SiW12O40)0.25 was identified as the optimal catalyst; good catalytic activity (up to 99 % yield in 4 h), and high enantioselectivities (up to 92 % ee) were achieved for a range of donors, including aromatic aldehydes and isatin derivatives. Aqueous acetaldehyde solution and paraldehyde can be conveniently applied in this system.
Stereocontrolled Generation of Benzo[a]‐ and Indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidines from (S)‐Tryptophanol and (S)‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenyl)alaninol‐Derived Lactams
Authors: Pérez Maria , Arioli Federica , Rigacci Gianna , Santos Maria M. M. , Gómez‐Esqué Arantxa , Escolano Carmen , Florindo Pedro , Ramos Carlos , Bosch Joan , Amat Mercedes
Published: May 2011

The stereochemical outcome of Pictet–Spengler cyclizations of (S)‐tryptophanol and (S)‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)alaninol‐derived lactams is discussed. When using HCl the respective trans‐H‐6/H‐12b (or H‐11b) indolo[2,3‐a]‐ or benzo[a]quinolizidines are stereoselectively formed, whereas BF3·Et2O‐promoted cyclizations lead to trans‐H‐6/H‐11b benzo[a]quinolizidines but cis‐H‐6/H‐12b indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidines. The intermediacy of an oxazolinium salt in the latter process is demonstrated.
Alkynylboronates and ‐boramides in CoI‐ and RhI‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions: Construction of Oligoaryls through Selective Suzuki Couplings
Authors: Iannazzo Laura , Vollhardt K. Peter C. , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent
Published: May 2011

Oligoaryls were prepared through transition‐metal‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions of borylated alkynes, followed by Suzuki cross‐couplings with aryl halides. Ethynylboryl pinacolate took part in cobalt‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions of all types investigated (i.e., all‐intermolecular cyclotrimerization, diyne‐yne cocyclization, and all‐intramolecular triyne cycloisomerization). The resulting platforms gave rise to linear and angular ter‐ and quateraryls after Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling. In addition, the first [2+2+2] cycloadditions involving alkynyl naphthaloboramides were developed. These derivatives could be cocyclized with diynes in the presence of a rhodium complex as catalyst. Because the boramide group is inactive under Suzuki coupling conditions, but can be readily deprotected to afford an active one, an iterative functionalization of a boronate‐/boramide‐substituted benzene could be achieved.
A New Indirect Electrochemical Method for Determination of Ozone in Water Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Cesarino Ivana , Moraes Fernando C. , Machado Sergio A. S. , PassarettiFilho Juliano , Cardoso Arnaldo A.
Published: May 2011

A new electrochemical methodology has been developed for the detection of ozone using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The method presented here is based on the reaction of ozone with indigo blue dye producing anthranilic acid (ATN). The electrochemical profile of ATN on an electrode of glassy carbon (GC) modified with MWCNT showed an oxidation peak potential at 750 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. An analytical method was developed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to determine ATN in a range of 50–400 nmol L−1, with a detection limit of 9.7 nmol L−1. Ozonated water samples were successfully analyzed by GC/MWCNT electrode and the recovery procedure yielded values between of 96.5 and 102.3 %.
Brain default‐mode network abnormalities in hepatic encephalopathy: A resting‐state functional MRI study
Authors: Zhang Longjiang , Qi Rongfeng , Wu Shengyong , Zhong Jianhui , Zhong Yuan , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Zongjun , Lu Guangming
Published: May 2011

Many neuroimaging investigations focus on hepatic encephalopathy (HE); however, few investigate default‐mode network (DMN) in the patients with HE and its underlying physiological relevance using resting‐state fMRI. In this study, independent component analysis was used to retrieve components representing the DMN of patients with HE (n = 14) and healthy volunteers (n = 14). Four patients were excluded because of head motion (n = 3) and the artifact from the artificial tooth (n = 1). Comparison results between the two groups revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity in the right middle frontal gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex in the HE patients. A statistical t‐map from the comparison of venous blood ammonia levels and the z‐scores of the DMN obtained from independent component analysis was computed in the HE group, which showed negative correlation with the changes in left angular gyrus. In conclusions, resting‐state fMRI can be used to examine DMN changes in HE patients. Reduced functional connectivity in the right middle frontal gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex consisting of the DMN and negative correlation between the functional connectivity changes in left AG and the venous blood ammonia levels support the notion of damages in functional organization of the central nervous system in HE patients. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring commonalities across participants in the neural representation of objects
Authors: Shinkareva Svetlana V. , Malave Vicente L. , Just Marcel Adam , Mitchell Tom M.
Published: May 2011

The question of whether the neural encodings of objects are similar across different people is one of the key questions in cognitive neuroscience. This article examines the commonalities in the internal representation of objects, as measured with fMRI, across individuals in two complementary ways. First, we examine the commonalities in the internal representation of objects across people at the level of interobject distances, derived from whole brain fMRI data, and second, at the level of spatially localized anatomical brain regions that contain sufficient information for identification of object categories, without making the assumption that their voxel patterns are spatially matched in a common space. We examine the commonalities in internal representation of objects on 3T fMRI data collected while participants viewed line drawings depicting various tools and dwellings. This exploratory study revealed the extent to which the representation of individual concepts, and their mutual similarity, is shared across participants. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.