bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing energy efficiency and lighting in residential villas: A holistic approach using renewable energy and smart technologies
Authors: Ouhadou Malika , El Boukili Abderrahman , Benami Abdellah , Messaoudi Choukri
Published: January 2025

This article aims to design and analyze energy systems for a villa to address the dual challenges of inadequate illumination and excessive electricity consumption. The study employs specialized software programs, including AutoCAD, PVsyst, DIALux evo, and T*sol, to design and dimension the villa’s energy systems. A comprehensive analysis of the photovoltaic system is conducted alongside precise architectural modelling and simulations of the interior lighting and solar water heater system. Additionally, the effectiveness of motion detectors in optimizing interior lighting to reduce energy consumption is examined, and solar lamps are integrated for the villa’s exterior lighting to promote sustainability. The findings indicate that the implementation of advanced energy system designs and the use of motion detectors can significantly enhance interior lighting while simultaneously reducing energy consumption by 30%. This paper contributes a holistic approach to energy system design in residential settings, offering innovative solutions for improving lighting quality and energy efficiency in villa architecture. The integration of renewable energy sources and smart technologies underscores the potential for sustainable living solutions in modern residential designs.
DC bus voltage control strategy of PV systems based on fuzzy logic
Authors: El Oussoul Laarabi , Elhamdaouy Achour , Belattar Abdellatif , Ait Madi Abdessalam
Published: January 2025

In a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation system, sudden changes in the output power of PV panels, caused by fluctuations in solar irradiation or shading, as well as real-time variations in system load, can lead to significant voltage fluctuations in the DC bus. If not properly managed, these voltage fluctuations can compromise the stability and efficiency of the entire system. To address this challenge and improve the performance of DC bus voltage regulation, this paper proposes a control method based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The proposed method primarily relies on two key correctors: the first is an energy corrector, which regulates the energy stored in the DC bus capacitor, and the second is an FLC, which controls the current to maintain voltage stability. This dual-corrector system is designed to enhance the system’s response to power fluctuations and maintain a stable DC bus voltage. The performance of this FLC-based control approach is compared to the traditional double closed-loop PI control method. Simulation results, carried out in the Matlab/Simulink environment, demonstrate that the proposed FLC method outperforms the traditional PI control in terms of both system stability and dynamic response. This improvement is especially evident in handling sudden disturbances and maintaining consistent voltage levels.
Comparative Analysis of Two Mathematical Models of Single Diode Photovoltaic Cells for Extracting PV Parameters Using Levenberg – Marquardt Algorithm
Authors: Chahet Youssef , Mimouni Abdelmalek , Bouaichi Abdellatif , El Amraoui Mohamed , El Amrani Aumeur , Bejjit Lahcen
Published: January 2025

In this present study, two mathematical models derived from the single-diode model of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules are evaluated. Moreover, the two mathematical approaches are investigated for the reduced single-diode model and the reduced single-diode combined to Lambert W-function model. The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm is chosen due to its effectiveness in addressing the complex optimization problems encountered in PV cells modeling. The comparative analysis evaluated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the both models for three PV datasets obtained from the literature. The results demonstrated that the combination of the reduced single-diode with Lambert W-function model achieves a minimum RMSE value of 3.1627×10−4, compared to the reduced single-diode model one of 3.2066×10−4.
Nonlinear control design of a DC microgrid based on the integral sliding mode controller
Authors: Akli Hajar , Abouobaida Hassan , Mchaouar Youssef , Fathelkhair Abdelmoghit , Oualifi Khadija
Published: January 2025

This article is designed to control the stability and the effective operation in a different entity of DC microgrid(MG) under varying climatic and load conditions. The proposed MG contains primarily renewable sources including photovoltaics (PV) commanded by a DC-DC boost converter additionally the wind power conversion system with a turbine wind, a permanent magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), a three-phase diode rectifier, and ultimately a DC-DC buck-boost converter. In addition, this system also includes a battery energy storage system (BESS) with a bidirectional DC-DC. The last component is the variable DC charge. The general purposes of this paper are the following firstly, obtaining the maximum power from PV and wind energy by using the perturb and observation method and by operating the boost converter and the buck-boost. Second, maintain the DC bus voltage as a constant value. Lastly, the management of energy and storage by controlling the bidirectional converter. The structure of energy conversion is elaborated by the mathematical model, controlled by a nonlinear technique which is the integral sliding mode control (ISMC). The robustness, performance, and efficiency are demonstrated with a simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Efficient direct asymmetric aldol reactions in water using chiral diamide as organocatalysts
Authors: Benrzeil Hajar , Tazi Bouchra , Guenoun Farhate
Published: January 2025

Two chiral diamide organocatalysts, N,N'-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene))bis(pyrrolidine-2- carboxamide) (IVa) and N,N'-(methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide) (IVb), were developed to catalyze asymmetric aldol reactions in water with low catalyst loadings ranging from 30% to 10%. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of chiral concavity of oxygen bridge catalyst IVa on the transition state of aldol reaction in water compared to methylene bridge catalyst IVb in terms of diastereoselectivity, optical purity, reaction time and catalyst loading. The reaction conditions were optimized using p-nitrobenzaldehyde as acceptor and cyclohexanone as donor in the aldol reaction. Oxygen-bridged catalyst IVa showed superior performance to catalyst IVb in water, achieving a reaction time of 28 h, a diastereoselectivity ratio of 78:22 (anti/syn), and an enantiomeric excess of up to 97%. This effect was attributed to the assembly of a chiral cavity facilitated by hydrogen bonds at the oil– water interface and the proximity of the catalytic sites favored by the oxygen bridge of catalyst IVa. Organic solvents, such as DMSO, DCM, and hexane, offered excellent diastereoselectivity, but had reaction times four times longer than those in water. This study highlights the potential of organocatalyst IVa for environmentally friendly asymmetric aldol reactions.
Optimizing University Program Selection: A Comparative Study of Multi-Criteria Methods
Authors: Daghouri Ansar , Mansouri Khalifa
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to present a comparative study of multi-criteria decision-making methods to optimize the selection of university programs. The results of implementing five MCDM methods are compared by evaluating each method using a hierarchical model, which is decomposed into a set of criteria. These criteria include the reputation of the university, the quality of teaching, career prospects, financial costs, the adaptability of the program, and the personal preferences of the student. The results indicate that there are both similarities and differences in the ranking of university programs. This study presents a hierarchical model for evaluating university programs according to the preferences of individual students. It offers an in-depth perspective on the benefits and limitations of each method in the decision-making process.
Spatiotemporal analysis of LST changes in Morocco: Assessing climate change impacts
Authors: Rhziel Fatima Zahrae , Ahsissene Safae , Lahraoua Mohammed , Raissouni Naoufal
Published: January 2025

In line with global climate change trends, Morocco has faced significant environmental challenges, including rising temperatures, decreased precipitation, and increased droughts, which have adversely affected its natural resources and agricultural productivity. Monitoring temperature variations is crucial for understanding and mitigating these issues. Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key parameter in environmental and climate studies, offering insights into global earth system changes. This study examines the spatiotemporal variations of LST in Morocco. LST data were obtained from the thermal infrared satellite sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), providing monthly composites of day and night values at a 1 km resolution from 2018 to 2023.
Comparison of Symmetric and Asymmetric Copper Tubing Designs for Improved Cooling in PV/T Systems
Authors: Riad Ayoub , Amiry Houssam , Touhtouh Samira , Belhora Fouad , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an enhanced cooling approach for Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) systems aimed at improving the thermal management and overall efficiency of photovoltaic cells. The comparative study investigates two novel copper tubing designs: symmetric and asymmetric serpentine configurations. Both designs were tested under identical conditions with a water flow rate of 2.44 L/min to analyze their influence in reducing the operating temperature of the PV modules. The numerical results show that the symmetric design reduced the PV module temperature from 50°C to 39.8°C, resulting in an electrical efficiency of 16.80% and a thermal efficiency of 20.3%. In contrast, the asymmetric design lowered the temperature to 42.7°C, achieving an electrical efficiency of 16.57% and a thermal efficiency of 30.40%. The findings demonstrate that while the symmetric system excels in electrical efficiency, the asymmetric design offers enhanced thermal energy recovery. Overall, the symmetric system achieved an overall efficiency of 20.81%, while the asymmetric design reached 29.40%. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the design of efficient cooling systems for PV/T modules, helping to strike a balance between electrical and thermal performance in real-world applications.
Parametric study and energy evaluation of the effect of double glazing on the efficiency of a solar panel
Authors: Ahliouati Mohamed , El Otmani Rabie , Kandoussi Khalid , Boutaous M’Hamed
Published: January 2025

The type of glazing used in the design of solar panels is considered one of the key technical aspects that can have a significant impact on the energy performance of the photovoltaic systems. The present study focuses on clarifying the impact of double-glazing on the efficiency of a photovoltaic module, by evaluating the variation in the thickness of the air space between the two layers of glazing that constitute the examined solar configuration. A comparative analysis of three different air space thicknesses was carried out to determine their effect on energy efficiency. An energy balance incorporating various energy parameters was employed, taking into account the influence of external meteorological parameters. The results demonstrate a significant sensitivity between the thickness of the air space in the double glazing and the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module. An average electrical efficiency of 16:02% is obtained for a thickness of 3 mm, and 15:76% for a thickness of 2 cm. In addition, average operating temperatures reached 39:1°C and 42:4°C for these thicknesses respectively.
Literature studies on natural disasters and communication in Indonesia
Authors: Oktavia Yenny , Khairani Wardah Nabila
Published: January 2025

Disaster communication is important in improving community preparedness because it can help convey information and instructions for the community to face and respond to disasters effectively. This study aims to analyse the role of communication in disaster management in Indonesia based on a review of various related literature sources. The research uses literature study approach, analysing the publication of communication science journals discussing communication and natural disasters in Indonesia. The data sources include various relevant scientific publications, since the year 2000. The results showed that: 1) The types of natural disasters that are the main concern in the publication of communication journals in Indonesia are disasters on a national and regional scale such as floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. 2) Various communication topics include disaster communication for community mitigation and preparedness, public communication and social media in disasters, crisis communication and disaster communication management, communication and community participation in disasters, as well as disaster communication and vulnerability issues of vulnerable groups. 3) Efforts to bridge the gap between research and disaster management practice are challenges that must be faced so that communication science can make a greater contribution to improving the effectiveness of disaster management and mitigation in Indonesia.
Learning from our vulnerabilities: Insights from Octavia E. Butler’s parable of the sower and West Sumatra’s 2024 flood disasters
Authors: Sandika Edria , Rizano Gindho , Yeni Marliza
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the correlation between flood disasters in West Sumatra in March and May 2024 and the science fiction novel
Parable in the Sower by Octavia E. Butler. The novel explores how social and environmental degradation amidst the extreme weather and climate change in the fictional setting of America in 2024-2027 mirrors West Sumatra’s lack of preparedness to face similar situations in reality. The novel warns people of the consequences of environmental issues by addressing our vulnerabilities and resistance to change. Through the concept of “Earthseed”, the story reminds society to work toward positive changes through resilient infrastructure, disaster preparedness, and empathy when facing natural disasters.
Problems of decentralized disaster management in Indonesia: A review of local government failures
Authors: Fatkul Fikri Ahmad , Rustian  , Afifuddin Mohammad , Ruswandi Dody , Susilo Rahardi Catur , Albright Sumange Andi
Published: January 2025

The issuance of Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management was the starting point for the decentralization of disaster management. The implementation of decentralization can provide significant benefits in disaster management, such as being faster and more precise in handling disasters. This study aims to examine the extent of the implementation of decentralization of disaster management. The research method used is qualitative exploration. data were collected using observational studies, interviews, and documentation with purposive sampling. Meanwhile, the data processing technique uses qualitative analysis techniques. The findings in this study are that the role of LDMAs and local governments in the pre-disaster, emergency response and post-disaster phases is still not optimal. The causes are: (1) political will from local leaders related to disaster management is still weak; (2) local government budget allocation for disaster management is still low; (3) the low quality of human resources of LDMA apparatus. As a result, local governments are still dependent on the central government for disaster management. Thus, the implementation of decentralization of disaster management, which aims to increase citizens’ disaster awareness, keep people away from disaster risk, and make people able to live side by side with disasters, has not been maximally realized.
Women’s rights protection in national disaster management law system
Authors: Tridewiyanti Kunthi , Silvana Nina , Sunardi Didi , Ayesha Nadyaputri Jazirra , Wijaya Endra
Published: January 2025

This study discusses women’s rights protection in the context of disaster management that occurred in Indonesia. This topic is important considering that Indonesia is a country that often experiences disasters, and women are a group that is vulnerable to becoming victims of these disasters. This study uses normative legal research method and relies on secondary data in the form of several legal materials. The analysis of this study uses qualitative method using statutory and conceptual approaches. This study concludes that there are still several weaknesses in the national disaster law system, especially in terms of practice and law enforcement. Therefore, women’s rights as disaster victims still do not receive maximum protection.
Influence of junior high school students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on earthquake and tsunami preparedness simulations in Padang
Authors: Yulfiwanti Idha , Mayetti  , Ihsan Indra
Published: January 2025

Padang, a city highly susceptible to earthquakes and tsunamis, requires students to possess adequate knowledge and develop cautious behaviors when confronted with such calamities. This study seeks to evaluate the influence of earthquake and tsunami simulations on junior high school students’ learning, perspectives, and practices. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used, involving eighth and ninth- grade students from SMP Negeri 4 Padang. The simulation exercises included earthquake and tsunami disaster drills. Data was collected through observation, focusing on the learning process and the school’s preparedness, including evacuation route planning. Of 87 respondents, 42 (48.3%) were male, and 45 (51.7%) were female. The age distribution was as follows: 2 students (2.3%) were 12 years old, 33 (31%) were 13, 48 (50.6%) were 14, and 15 (16.1%) were 15 years old. The simulations substantially improved students’ understanding, attitudes, and behaviors in dealing with earthquakes and tsunamis (p < 0.05). The earthquake and tsunami simulations at SMP Negeri 4 Padang effectively enhanced students’ knowledge, attitudes, and disaster preparedness. The drills improved their awareness and response to emergencies, particularly in following evacuation procedures. This hands-on approach solidified their theoretical understanding and fostered a proactive mindset towards disaster management.
Outbreak of acute diarrhea in children: Clinical manifestations, treatment, source of drinking water, and fecal microbiome analysis in region of West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dianne Jurnalis Yusri , Yugatama Andyan , Azka Neila , Fenobileri Nice
Published: January 2025

In April 2024, a severe diarrhea outbreak in Pesisir Selatan Regency, triggered by floods, led to 355 reported cases and five pediatric deaths. A rapid response team conducted a comprehensive investigation in two phases of research as countermeasure. Phase one involved data collection from medical records. Correlation between variables, nutritional status and difference of treatment between two health facilities, with length of stay (LoS). Phase two are PCR examination of fecal samples and examination of total coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria from drinking waters. Subjects predominantly aged 0–5 years (86.5%). Probiotic and intravenous 28.4 antibiotic were significantly correlated with shorter LoS (p<0.05). There are 4% malnutrition subjects with the longest LoS. Drinking water from the house of deceased patients was contaminated, with the highest total coliform of 6800 CFU/100 mL and from public water depots at 7800 CFU/100 mL. Fecal samples identified Escherichia coli as the primary pathogen responsible for the outbreak. The findings emphasize the importance of nutrition status, prompt medical treatment including probiotics and proper antibiotics as an effective treatment protocol and highlight urgent need to enhance water quality and sanitation to prevent diarrhea outbreaks in the future.
BLU-e: Over-dimension and over-load for vehicle transport mitigation tool at ferry ports
Authors: Tampubolon Freddy , Sarjana Sri , Permatasari Meila , Putri Mori Ritonga Virginia
Published: January 2025

Over-Dimension and Over-Load (ODOL) mitigation in vehicle transportation at ferry ports needs to involve strict inspection and enforcement of regulations at the port, including the use of weighbridge technology and dimensional measurement systems, and training to identify and provide solutions to violations. The study aims to reduce the number of ODOL vehicles and reduce potential losses in both material and immaterial terms by integrating BLU-e and Ferizy. A qualitative approach was applied to detect ODOL vehicles at the port through observation, surveys and interviews in the Land Transportation Management Center (BPTD) VIII Banten area. The results of the study explain the concept of ODOL, dimensional and payload limitations, and the importance of vehicle weighing which plays an important role in reducing the risk of maritime disasters. Tightening ODOL regulations ensures that vehicle loads are in accordance with ship capacity, reducing the risk of maritime accidents that can result in ship sinking and loss of life. Compliance with the rules must be adhered to by all vehicles operating at the ferry port so that the risk of disaster can be significantly reduced, both in terms of transportation safety, infrastructure protection, and emergency response efficiency.
Identification of plastic waste generation and composition to reduce environmental disaster risk (case study: Public facility sources in Padang City)
Authors: Ruslinda Yenni , Fahrunisa Gebi , Ayu Lestari Resti , Gunawan Hendra , Amin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Plastic waste is a material that is difficult to decompose and, if not managed properly, will cause environmental pollution. The degradation of plastic waste in aquatic environments can result in microplastics that threaten marine life, while the incineration of plastic waste produces toxic gases harmful to health. This study aims to identify the generation and composition of plastic waste as an initial step in reducing environmental disaster risks. The research was conducted at public facility sources in Padang City, including parks, beaches, recreational areas, and roads. Plastic waste generation at public facility sources in Padang City amounted to 13.76 tons/day, or 6.44% of the total public facility waste. The rate of plastic waste generation was 32.93 g/person/day or 1.13 l/person/day. The composition of plastic waste was dominated by PETE plastic at 43.21% and LDPE plastic at 25.56%, with 58.88% used for beverage packaging and 36.48% for food packaging. Only 11% of respondents from public facilities sort and sell plastic waste to collectors, while the remaining plastic waste was disposed of in landfill sites mixed with other waste. This can lead to environmental disaster risks around landfills, such as water and soil pollution.
How to support recovery phase for landslide through livelihoods? case study: Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Setyawati Dewanti Diah , Jaenul Haq Jejen , Viviani Nurhanifah Nita , Bi Chuanchen
Published: January 2025

The global climate is increasingly responsible for the frequency of extreme weather events, which have significant implications for vulnerable biological systems. Among these events, rainfall-induced landslides are recognized as one of the most severe geological disasters, particularly in Indonesia. The recovery phase is often the weakest link in disaster management implementation. This study aims to discern and assess the effects of the recovery phase on livelihoods in Kulon Progo, Indonesia, following landslides. The study examines the impact of human, social, physical, natural, and financial capital, as well as transformations in structure and process (TSP), on the recovery phase. The unit of analysis is households, with data collected from 300 households through stratified random sampling. Path analysis was applied to achieve the study’s objectives. The findings reveal that human capital (0.376**), social capital (0.279***), physical capital (0.182*), and TSP (0.263***) have a direct effect on the recovery phase. Additionally, social capital (0.352***) and physical capital (0.180**) indirectly influence the recovery phase through TSP as a mediator. To strengthen the recovery phase in landslide disaster management, the study identifies seven activities that directly support the recovery phase and another seven that indirectly contribute to its reinforcement.
Influence of soil structure interaction on the 4th story building
Authors: Kurniawandy Alex , Dayu Tiara Cindy , Aryanti Riza , Aminsyah Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Design structure generally is carried out using fixed-based restraints, which assume soil is infinitely rigid. The soil has a certain rigidity and can deform a structure commonly called soil structure interaction (SSI). However, practitioners rarely consider interaction between soil and structural systems because of their high complexity and long computing time. The SSI reviews need to be carried out to obtain a more accurate analysis according to original conditions in the soil. The study aims to identify structural behavior with consideration of SSI in a case study of the 4th-story building in Pekanbaru. Structural analysis is done linearly using response spectrum analysis and nonlinear pushover analysis. Modeling was made into two types: model 1 using fixed base and model 2 using spring located on the points along the pile foundation as a representation of SSI. The analysis results show the natural period increases by 20% in the X direction and 18% in Y. The base shear decreases by 18% in the X direction and 16% in Y. The maximum displacement increases by 29% in the X direction and 24% in Y. Nonlinear pushover analysis results in an increase in the performance point value of structure with SSI modeling.
Geotechnical analysis of potential landslides on slopes in the Rimbo Panjang area of Padang City and mitigation
Authors: Fardan Fadlan Abileo , Yuliet Rina , Koting Suhana , Mardhiah Ainul , Sucita Ikhsan Bunga , Hafizh  , Fadhlurahman Raihan
Published: January 2025

The Lambung Bukik area of Padang City is a relocation area for the flash flood disaster in Batu Busuk Padang on 24 July 2012. This research analyzes the potential for slope failure in the Rimbo Panjang area, where many residents’ houses are built on steep slopes. Geotechnical analysis was carried out to determine the soil characteristics in the Rimbo Panjang area, which was taken at four locations. The results of the classification show that the soil in the Rimbo Panjang area is inorganic silt - high plasticity (MH). The plasticity index value is 2.5 – 10.4%, indicating that the soil has low swelling potential. The activity value in inorganic silt soil is meager, namely in the range of 0.1 – 0.99, which is the mineral kaolinite and illite activity value. The activity values agree with the XRD test results, where the soil contains kaolinite and illite minerals with low swelling properties. The low swelling characteristic causes the slopes to have a low landslide potential. The safety factor value of the slopes is in the range of 1.79 – 2.71 > 1.5, so the slope can be said to be stable.
Management of inclusive data for Merapi volcano eruption risk areas using participatory action research (PAR) with the perspective of women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities
Authors: Meilinarti  , Swasto Eko , Ngurah Ida , Candraningrum Dewi , Bening Rahmayna Kania
Published: January 2025

This research, conducted by Plan Indonesia, YAKKUM Emergency Unit (YEU), and the Klaten Association of Disabled People (PPDK), with support from ELRHA, UKAid, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Plan International, aimed to foster inclusive research by integrating Views from the Frontline (VFL) guidelines with the Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) method. The study involved women, people with disabilities, including youth and children with disabilities, as well as the elderly. Research participants included people with disabilities, the elderly, health cadres, and elderly cadres, and was conducted from May to December 2023 in the disaster-prone areas of Kemalang and Manisrenggo Districts, Central Java. Data analysis was done through triangulation, utilizing multi-party meetings to verify findings based on various times, places, and participants. The research identified types of threats related to the Merapi volcano eruption and needs based on the Humanitarian Inclusion Standard, focusing on gender, age, and ability. Key recommendations include integrating disaster risk management approaches with community-led action plans, enhancing inclusion, promoting local leadership, and developing a national advocacy strategy to increase community involvement in disaster risk reduction efforts, particularly for women, the elderly, and people with disabilities.
Benchmarking equivalent circuit models for the IV characteristic of bifacial photovoltaic modules
Authors: Bartholomäus Martin , Morino Luca , Poulsen Peter B. , Spataru Sergiu V.
Published: January 2025

Modelling the current–voltage (IV) characteristic curve of photovoltaic (PV) modules can give valuable insight into the state of health of the PV modules by estimating equivalent circuit parameters, and be used for fault detection in conjunction with IV-based condition monitoring of PV modules, strings and arrays. The most prevalent approach to approximate the IV curve of bifacial solar devices is to model a single diode equivalent circuit model (ECM) with two photo-current sources, representing the front and the back side. This approach is implemented in the main PV modelling software with various methods to parameterize the model. In this work we benchmark the most common ECM models for bifacial devices, using pvlib-python, against module level IV curves measured with an outdoor measuring system. We record IV measurements on eight current-generation bifacial PV modules with PERC-type cells, covering the range of temperature and irradiance conditions over a full year in the Danish climate. The modelling uses datasheet specifications as that is the most widely available input. Results show normalized mean bias errors between −0.71% and 4.09% and normalized root mean squared errors between 1.62% and 9.76% across Pmp, Isc and Voc, with Voc exhibiting the lowest estimation errors. All models show weaknesses in the irradiance and temperature dependence at Isc. The CEC and PVsyst model have an improved temperature and irradiance dependency at Voc compared to the DeSoto model, which performed better at estimating Pmp. While the models characterize the Vmp/Voc ratio well, they fail to cover the wide range of Imp/Isc ratios seen in measurements. We found the generic datasheet parameters used for model parametrization to be overestimated compared to flash tests, which contributed to the modelling error. Using non-module specific inputs also meant that results vary significantly for different modules of the same type. A monofacial module showed on par or worse modelling results compared to bifacial modules, validating the modelling approach of a combined effective irradiance for the front and back side.
A CASE OF INTRAOPERATIVE ARREST & MOBILE ECMO
Authors: A Diaz Rodrigo , Alvarado Catalina , Gloria Karlezi Carmen , Garcia Dafna , Bejarano Gabriela , F Rodas Luisa
Published: January 2025

Over the past two decades, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly used to support critical patients with cardiac and respiratory failure who fail to respond to conventional management. In refractory cardiac arrest, ECMO can restore perfusion in patients who meet specific criteria designed to maximize survival benefit and good neurological outcomes. In recent literature, there is no report of mobile ECMO in a case of prolonged cardiac arrest with direct cardiac massage. We describe our experience with a 34-year-old man with multiple traumatic injuries following a motor vehicle collision. He was treated in a trauma center hospital in the same city as our center. He was initially in stable condition (spontaneous ventilation with FiO2 0.21, no vasoactive drugs, Glasgow 15, no acute kidney injury or other organ dysfunction). One week after admission, a retained left hemopneumothorax required surgical intervention, as previous drainage was ineffective. Computed tomography imaging was also concerning for parencyhmal injury by the thoracotomy tube. Intraoperatively, when the patient was placed in lateral position, he experienced cardiac arrest, presumed to be secondary to pulmonary embolism. After 18 minutes we were asked to rescue this patient with ECMO, as he had no contraindications to support. After 81 minutes of advanced life support, including direct cardiac massage, return of spontaneous circulation was achieved seconds after ECMO was initiated. He was then transported to our hospital. The patient achieved a favorable neurological outcome (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 at 24 h) and was discharged after a 2 month stay. This case highlights the potential benefits of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and ECMO in patients with refractory in-hospital cardiac arrest. In this case, proper ACLS and CPR allowed time for mobile ECMO support to be initiated from a remote center.
Deformation behaviour, limitations in design, applications, and additive manufacturing of hierarchical honeycombs
Authors: Chibinyani Munashe Ignatius , Dzogbewu Thywill Cephas , Maringa Maina , Muiruri Amos
Published: January 2025

Hierarchical honeycombs are particularly useful in aerospace industries because of their capability to overcome challenges related to bend-dominated behaviour. These structures are ideal for aeronautical applications because of their capacity to integrate lightweight design, good mechanical properties, and efficient load distribution. However, the efficacy under applied loads is influenced by the type of polygon cell typically introduced to the parent hollow structure. The current literature has gaps in knowledge regarding the highest order of hierarchy that can practically be achieved for hierarchical honeycombs with different cell shapes at the vertices or for the walls. This review paper documents work carried out on hierarchical honeycombs to examine their mechanical behaviour and how they can be efficiently designed. The first section of the paper highlights the deformation behaviour of hierarchical honeycombs in use today. The next section contains a discussion on the constraints in determining the order of hierarchy attainable for hierarchical honeycombs, particularly the geometric parameters. This is followed by a review of relevant applications for hierarchically built honeycomb parts in aerospace industries. The efficacy, as well as challenges related to using additive manufacturing in building hierarchical honeycombs, are then highlighted. Alternatives for future studies and advances in hierarchical honeycombs applied in the aerospace sector are addressed in the last section of the paper.
Classical theory of the optical Venn paradox
Authors: Stéphan G. M.
Published: January 2025

The optical Venn paradox is observed on light crossing three successive linear polarizers whose axes are oriented along x and y and at 45° between x and y. This observation has not yet been understood within the usual formalism of classical electromagnetism. Here, we develop a classical explanation where the theory is based on the use of potentials.
Influence of the Zn2+ concentration on the defect structure and optical properties in Zn:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Yan Zhehua , Dai Li , Yang Shunxiang , Ji Zesheng
Published: January 2025

Special attention has been paid to holographic storage and 3D display in recent years. LiNbO3 crystal is a distinguished multifunctional material where the field of holographic storage is of paramount importance. In this work, the Czochralski method was employed to grow a series of Zn:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals with different doping concentrations of Zn2+ ions (1, 3, 5, and 7 mol. %). The effects of doped ions of Zn2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ on crystal lattice parameters and defect structure were characterized by XRD and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the optical homogeneity was characterized by the birefringence gradient method. The x-ray powder diffraction experiments reveal that the crystal lattice structure remains unaffected by doping. The ICP-AES analysis revealed that as the concentration of Zn2+ ions increased, there was an observed enhancement in the effective segregation coefficient of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions, while a decrease was noted in that of Zn2+ ions. The birefringent gradient method demonstrates that the optical homogeneity improves with an increasing concentration of Zn2+ ion doping and reaches its maximum when the concentration of Zn2+ ion reaches 7 mol %. For the first time, the optical uniformity of Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals has been enhanced by heavy Zn2+ ion doping, making it possible to apply it in the field of holographic storage.
Extended depth-of-field microscopic imaging for intact histological samples via self-calibrated diplane network
Authors: He Yuezhi , Yang Xu , Ye Shiwei , Wen Zonghua , Liu Peng , Li Hui , Xiang Feng , Liao Jiuling , Tan Yizhou , Ning Haoyong , Zou Junjie , He Guilu , Zeng Long , Guo Yanwu , Li Hui , Gu Ying , Wang Bo , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2025

Pathological imaging of surgically excised specimens is the gold standard in clinical practice for diagnosing diseases and making treatment decisions. However, the limited depth of field (DOF) of conventional optical microscopy requires fixing and sectioning of excised samples, which is a cumbersome and lengthy process that significantly increases the time cost of acquiring pathological images. In this study, we propose deep-learning-powered, extended-DOF, dark-field reflectance ultraviolet microscopy (DE-DRUM) for rapid and large-DOF imaging of surgically resected tissues. The system first integrates two cameras positioned at two distinct imaging planes to simultaneously acquire images and then combines the images with a self-calibrated diplane network. The overall DOF of the system is enhanced over eight-folds, and the image acquisition speed is increased by more than seven times. By incorporating the diplane network into a custom-made vacuum compression device, intact and unprocessed mouse brain and human glioma samples are imaged. The results show that DE-DRUM captures pathological features across highly uneven tissue surfaces. DE-DRUM is a rapid, large-DOF, and label-free histological imaging method that holds great potential for application in clinical histopathological diagnosis. In addition, the design of the diplane imaging setup and network provides a plug-and-play solution for large-DOF imaging of various wide-field imaging modalities.
Ab initio study on the dynamics and spectroscopy of collective rovibrational polaritons
Authors: Szidarovszky Tamás
Published: January 2025

Accurate rovibrational molecular models are employed to gain insight in high-resolution into the collective effects and intermolecular processes arising when molecules in the gas phase interact with a resonant infrared (IR) radiation mode. An efficient theoretical approach is detailed, and numerical results are presented for the HCl, H2O, and CH4 molecules confined in an IR cavity. It is shown that by employing a rotationally resolved model for the molecules, revealing the various cavity-mediated interactions between the field-free molecular eigenstates, it is possible to obtain a detailed understanding of the physical processes governing the energy level structure, absorption spectra, and dynamic behavior of the confined systems. Collective effects, arising due to the cavity-mediated interaction between molecules, are identified in energy level shifts, in intensity borrowing effects in the absorption spectra, and in the intermolecular energy transfer occurring during Hermitian or non-Hermitian time propagation.
Performance analysis of superconducting motors for electrical aircraft propulsion using electromagnetic–thermal coupling method
Authors: Ma Enze , Li Yulong , Gao Yuan
Published: January 2025

The aviation industry is focusing on the development of low-carbon emission technologies, with hydrogen-powered aviation hybrid technology being an important area of interest. Superconducting motors (SCMs) play a crucial role in these aviation hybrid systems due to their high power-to-weight (PTW) ratio. However, SCMs face challenges such as strong coupling of the electric field, magnetic field, and temperature field within the motor. Conventional electromagnetic–thermal coupling analysis methods are not suitable for SCMs, as they are slow to perform calculations that are also less accurate. This study proposes an electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis model for SCMs, taking into account the constraints of critical current, critical magnetic field, and critical temperature of superconducting (SC) materials. The study analyzes the impact of the critical current of SC tapes, permanent magnet remanence, convection heat transfer coefficient between SC coils and cooling medium, AC loss reduction of SC coils, and motor speed on the ultimate power of SCMs. The results show that an optimal permanent magnet remanence can maximize the ultimate power, and the other parameters have been found to be positively correlated with the ultimate power of the SCM. To enhance the PTW ratio of SCMs, future research directions include increasing the critical current of SC materials, reducing the AC loss of SC coils, and improving the cooling effectiveness of SC coils.
Family values, culture maintenance and identity
Authors: Chowdhury Farzana Y
Published: January 2025

In the current global economy, the increased migration across the world has heightened the need for culture
maintenance due to its capacity to give meaning and value to individual identity. Family relations and values are significant
cultural components that ensure psychological wellbeing among migrants if they are maintained in their host society. Australia’s
multicultural policy has provided scope for the study of culture maintenance among its immigrant communities since the late 1970s.
Among the immigrant groups in Australia, Bangladeshi-born migrants are a relatively new but fast-growing community that has
attracted comparatively little research to date. This article is a narrative inquiry into the culture maintenance among
Bangladeshi migrants in Queensland, particularly emphasising family values, acculturation, and identity. This study focuses on
psychological, behavioural, and cognitive aspects of their acculturation in terms of what changes happen during acculturation. The
findings of this research demonstrate the efforts and strategies for maintaining their family values and cultural identity in
Australia. The final part of this article discusses the perception and attitudes of this group of Bangladeshi migrants towards
their acculturation and identity. This study provides insights that are pertinent to developing ideas about different migrant
communities in multicultural Australia.
The KNL-1/Knl1 outer kinetochore protein caught regulating F-actin
Authors: Bülow Hannes E.
Published: January 2025

Kinetochores are multiprotein complexes that link chromosomes to microtubules and are essential for chromosome segregation during cell divisions. In this issue, Alves Domingos et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202311147) show that the conserved KNL-1/Knl1 protein of the Knl1/Mis12/Ndc80 (KMN) outer kinetochore complex postmitotically regulates F-actin to shape somatosensory dendrites.
Summary of the trigger systems of the Large Hadron Collider experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb
Authors: Albrecht J , Bozianu L , Calefice L , Cella S , Cocha Toapaxi C E , Doglioni C , Gligorov V V , Gooding J A , Iversen K E , Inkaew P , Magdalinski D , Sopasakis A , Wilson-Edwards D J
Published: January 2025

In modern high energy physics (HEP) experiments, triggers perform the important task of selecting, in real time, the data to be recorded and saved for physics analyses. As a result, trigger strategies play a key role in extracting relevant information from the vast streams of data produced at facilities like the large hadron collider (LHC). As the energy and luminosity of the collisions increase, these strategies must be upgraded and maintained to suit the experimental needs. This whitepaper presents a high-level overview and reviews recent developments of triggering practices employed at the LHC. The general trigger principles applied at modern HEP experiments are highlighted, with specific reference to the current trigger state-of-the-art within the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb collaborations. Furthermore, a brief synopsis of the new trigger paradigm required by the upcoming high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC is provided. This whitepaper, compiled by Early Stage Researchers of the SMARTHEP network, is not meant to provide an exhaustive review or substitute documentation and papers from the collaborations themselves, but rather offer general considerations and examples from the literature that are relevant to the SMARTHEP network.
Metal chalcogenide quantum dots for photochemical and electrochemical hydrogen generation: recent advancements and technological challenges
Authors: Ali Syed Asim , Sadiq Iqra , Ahmad Tokeer
Published: January 2025

The performance of heterogeneous catalysis, specifically photochemical and electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) fundamentally relies upon the prudent choice of catalytic systems with ideal optoelectronic and surface properties. Progressive research in materials processing has hinted at the large-scale applicability of two-dimensional (2D) materials for achieving higher activity in the HER process. Among 2D materials, transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have emerged as the advanced materials to enhance the rate of HER on account of their layered structure and chalcogen-sites that exhibit favorable hydrogen binding energies. Developing quantum dots (QDs) is the state-of-the-art methodological approach to tuning the physicochemical properties of TMCs. Herein, we aim to encompass the latest advancements in the TMCs QDs for green hydrogen upscaling with special attention given to the comprehensive understanding of physicochemical properties and experimental benchmarks. Furthermore, we have accounted the major challenges associated with the exploitation of TMCs QDs in HER operations and future perspectives for subscribing to the overall water splitting for hydrogen synthesis in the light of TMCs QDs.
Zeitlin’s model for axisymmetric 3D Euler equations
Authors: Modin Klas , Preston Stephen C
Published: January 2025

Zeitlin’s model is a spatial discretisation for the 2D Euler equations on the flat two-torus or the two-sphere. Contrary to other discretisations, it preserves the underlying geometric structure, namely that the Euler equations describe Riemannian geodesics on a Lie group. Here we show how to extend Zeitlin’s approach to the axisymmetric Euler equations on the three-sphere. It is the first discretisation of the 3D Euler equations that fully preserves the geometric structure, albeit restricted to axisymmetric solutions. Thus, this finite-dimensional model admits Riemannian curvature and Jacobi equations, which are discussed. We also provide numerical experiments to showcase the method.