bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przewlekła Obturacyjna Choroba Płuc i Choroby Sercowo-Naczyniowe—“Kontinuum Sercowo-PłUcne”
Authors: Batura-Gabryel Halina , Grabicki Marcin
Published: October 2014

Przebieg przewlekłej obturacyjnej choroby płuc (POChP) charakteryzuje się nie tylko utrzymującymi się ograniczeniami przepływu powietrza przez oskrzela, ale również współwystępowaniem patologii pozapłucnych. Czynniki ryzyka, w tym przede wszystkim palenie tytoniu, prowadzą do rozwoju przewlekłego, ogólnoustrojowego procesu zapalnego, który pełni główną rolę w patogenezie zarówno POChP, jak i wielu chorób towarzyszących, w tym sercowo-naczyniowych. Obraz kliniczny POChP jest różnorodny i zależy od nasilenia zmian w układzie oddechowym, jak również od dysfunkcji innych narządów i chorób współistniejących. U osób z chorobą obturacyjną płuc najczęściej obserwuje się współwystępowanie chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego, które wpływają na jej ciężkość i przebieg naturalny, na jakość życia chorych oraz wielokrotnie są przyczyną hospitalizacji i zgonu. Są również ważnym czynnikiem prognostycznym. Obecność dodatkowych chorób może przedłużać zaostrzenie POChP. Z drugiej strony POChP jest niezależnym czynnikiem ryzyka wystąpienia incydentów sercowo-naczyniowych. Częstość POChP jest wysoka u chorych na chorobę niedokrwienną serca, a obturacyjne zaburzenia wentylacji to poważne czynniki ryzyka rozwoju niewydolności serca. Z łożoną interakcję między POChP a chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi niektórzy autorzy opisują jako „kontinuum sercowo-płucne”. Zależności te nie są szczegółowo poznane. Obecnie prowadzi się badania mające na celu wyjaśnienie tych skomplikowanych relacji. Przez wiele lat nie dostrzegano powiązań między POChP a chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi. Dziś wiadomo, że opieka nad chorym na POChP musi być kompleksowa i wymaga indywidualnego podejścia. Konieczne jest monitorowanie ryzyka chorób sercowo- naczyniowych i wpływu tych chorób na przebieg POChP. Istotne jest staranne i odpowiednio dobrane leczenie wszystkich występujących u pacjenta stanów chorobowych. Plan leczenia chorych na POChP i jednoczesnej terapii chorób współistniejących powinien być przygotowany przez dobrze współpracujący zespół interdyscyplinarny.
Pragmatičko-semantička analiza aseverativnih partikula u savremenom srpskom jeziku
Authors: Janjušević-Oliveri Ana
Published: October 2014

U radu se na funkcionalnostilski raznoobraznom korpusu savremenog srpskog jezika sa pragmatičko-semantičkog aspekta ispituju aseverativne partikule baš i upravo i njima djelimično sinonimične riječce taman, lično i glavom. Utvrđeno je da aseverativne partikule prvenstveno služe za pojačavanje nekog rečeničnog dijela izvan predikata, ali i da neke od njih (baš i taman), mogu biti upotrijebljene kao intenzifikatori u predikatskom dijelu rečenice, pri čemu se njihovo aseverativno značenje preobraća u faktivno. Partikula baš uz to u određenim kontekstima može imati i emfatičku intenzifikatorsku vrijednost.
Social housing of non-human primates in a research facility: socialization across macaque species and sexes
Authors: Rehrig A , DiVincenti L , Schery LA
Published: October 2014

Refinement of social housing practices is paramount to improving animal welfare in laboratory environments, especially with regard to non-human primates. Even though social housing of the same species should be considered the optimal paradigm, cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) share similar communication styles making inter-species, opposite sex socialisation a viable approach to providing social enrichment. This paper describes social housing a male cynomolgus macaque, which underwent a routine orchiectomy prior to pairing, with a female rhesus macaque for the purpose of providing social interaction for animals that otherwise would have been single housed. Once paired, the primates exhibited behaviours indicative of compatibility, including mounting, lip smacking, grooming, co-threatening and choosing to remain in close proximity. Social housing also ameliorated abnormal behaviour (eg pacing, self-directed fur-plucking) in the female macaque. Neutering male macaques, mixed-species pairing and opposite sex socialisation are all valid options for reducing the number of individually housed primates in research facilities.
Swedish cat shelters: a descriptive survey of husbandry practices, routines and management
Authors: Hirsch EN , Andersson M , Loberg J
Published: October 2014

Animal shelters rescue and care for society's unwanted companion animals. Nonetheless, several studies have shown that ending up in a shelter can be stressful, and that shelter husbandry can amplify and spread certain diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate and describe husbandry policy, practices and routines as well as occurrence and prevention of diseases in Swedish cat shelters. A survey was sent to 64 potential shelters of which 39 (61%) responded. Thirty-two shelters (82%) housed cats(Felis silvestris catus)in groups; one shelter provided only solitary housing. Thirty-one shelters provided single, pair and group housing. The most common group size was 3-5 cats (59%). Ninety-two percent of responding shelters had routines and/or protocol(s) for the management of the cats, 35 had healthcare routines and 30 shelters had routines for the admission of cats. All shelters with the exception of one had quarantine, and 22 shelters (58%) vaccinated cats prior to admittance. There was a significant positive correlation between shelter size and number of reported diseases. The most common reported disease was cat ‘flu/cold, although altogether, shelters reported a low occurrence of disease. Practices differ between shelters relating to management, eg use of quarantine and vaccination routines. In Sweden, group housing is common and shelters provide cats with plenty of resources, eg hides and climbing structures, often providing outdoor access and a more ‘home-like’ environment. The possibility that providing a more ‘enriched home-like’ environment can help cats cope with the shelter environment is discussed, thereby decreasing the occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases.
Killing of spent laying hens using CO2in poultry barns
Authors: Berg C , Yngvesson J , Nimmermark S , Sandström V , Algers B
Published: October 2014

In Sweden, laying hens are killed using the following methods: i) traditional slaughter; ii) on-farm with CO2in a mobile container combined with a grinder; or iii) with CO2inside the barn. The number of hens killed using the latter method has increased. During these killings a veterinarian is required to be present and report to the Swedish Board of Agriculture. Data were registered during four commercial killings and extracted from all official veterinary reports at CO2whole-house killings in 2008-2010. On-farm monitoring showed that temperature decreased greatly and with high variability. The time until birds became unconscious after coming into contact with the gas, based on time until loss of balance, was 3-5 min. Veterinary reports show that 1.5 million laying hens were killed, in 150 separate instances. The most common non-compliance with legislation was failure to notify the regional animal welfare authorities prior to the killings. Six out of 150 killings were defined as animal welfare failures, eg delivery of insufficient CO2or failure to seal buildings to achieve adequate gas concentration. Eleven were either potentially or completely unacceptable from the perspective of animal welfare. We conclude that, on the whole, the CO2whole-house gas killing of spent hens was carried out in accordance with the appropriate legislation. Death was achieved reliably. However, there remain several risks to animal welfare and increased knowledge would appear vital in order to limit mistakes related to miscalculations of house volume, improper sealing or premature ventilation turn-off.
Effects of field of study on university students’ attitudes towards animal issues
Authors: Phillips CJC
Published: October 2014

The field of study of university students may influence their attitudes towards animals, which in turn may influence their behaviour. Attitudes to animals in university students in eleven countries were obtained by survey, and the influence of field of study was evaluated after correcting for other influential factors. Students of agriculture were most accepting of killing animals, unnatural practices on animals, animal experimentation and animal rights issues, whereas humanities and arts students were less accepting of unnatural practices on animals and animal experimentation than students of other disciplines. Nevertheless, agriculture students had one of the highest proportions involved in animal protection organisations. It is suggested that regular contact with animals inures agriculture students to animal issues, whereas students in the humanities and arts, that have less contact with farm animals, have greater concern.
Jeu problématique en France : une première enquête nationale
Authors: Costes Jean-Michel , Kairouz Sylvia , Pousset Maud
Published: October 2014

Avant l’enquête nationale sur les jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) de 2010, la France ne disposait pas de mesure de la prévalence du jeu et du jeu problématique dans la population. Objectif : Cette étude présente un premier portrait des JHA en France, décrivant le profil sociodémographique des joueurs courants, les pratiques de jeu des joueurs dits assidus, c’est-à-dire de joueurs qui jouent fréquemment et qui dépensent beaucoup, ainsi que les associations entre les problèmes de jeu et l’usage de substances psychoactives. Méthodologie : Un module sur les pratiques de JHA fut introduit dans l’enquête nationale Baromètre santé. Lors d’une entrevue téléphonique, les participants répondaient à des questions au sujet de la fréquence à laquelle ils jouent et au sujet de la quantité d’argent qu’ils dépensent au jeu. On a mesuré la gravité des problèmes de jeu en utilisant l’indice canadien de jeu excessif (ICJE) et des mesures sur la consommation de substances psychoactives. Participants : L’enquête générale a été menée en 2010 auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 25 034 répondants âgés de 18 à 75 ans. Résultats : Les résultats révèlent que près de 12 % de la population générale est constituée de joueurs assidus qui ont joué 52 fois ou plus ou qui ont misé 500 euros ou plus au cours des 12 derniers mois. La proportion de joueurs excessifs parmi les joueurs assidus est estimée à 3,7 % et celle des joueurs à risque modéré à 7,1 %. Ces joueurs problématiques sont plus souvent des hommes issus de milieux socioéconomiques modestes. L’enquête met en évidence une relation significative entre les pratiques de jeu les plus à risque et la consommation problématique d’alcool, de tabac ou de cannabis. Conclusion : L’inclusion d’un ensemble élargi de conduites de jeux de hasard et d’argent à d’autres pratiques de santé assurera une meilleure compréhension des facteurs de risques et de vulnérabilité au jeu problématique.
Chevauchement entre les trajectoires de jeu et les trajectoires de consommation de psychotropes au début de l’adolescence : une étude longitudinale génétiquement informative
Authors: Dussault Frédéric , Vitaro Frank , Brendgen Mara , Boivin Michel , Séguin Jean R. , Dionne Ginette
Published: October 2014

L’objectif de cette étude est triple : 1- déterminer le nombre, la forme et le degré de chevauchement des trajectoires types de participation à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) et de consommation de substances psychotropes (SUP) chez un échantillon de jumeaux au début de l’adolescence ; 2- vérifier les ressemblances et les différences au niveau de l’architecture génétique et environnementale des trajectoires de JHA et de SUP ; 3- déterminer la présence de facteurs de risque associés de manière prédictive aux trajectoires simples ou mixtes de JHA et de SUP. L’échantillon final est composé de 213 (122 paires monozygotes et 91 paires dizygotes de même sexe) paires de jumeaux élevés au sein de la même famille. Les données relatives aux JHA et aux SUP ont été recueillies à 13, 14 et 15 ans à l’aide d’instruments de mesure autoadministrés. Les données relatives aux facteurs de risque touchent un facteur d’ordre personnel (c.-à-d., impulsivité) et des facteurs d’ordre familial mesurés à la préadolescence. Des analyses de trajectoires ont permis de dégager deux trajectoires de participation aux JHA et deux trajectoires de consommation de SUP. Des analyses génétiquement informatives ont permis, par ailleurs, de montrer que les trajectoires de participation à des JHA et de consommation de SUP sont majoritairement sous contrôle génétique. Finalement, des analyses de régression ont révélé des différences au plan des variables associées de façon prédictive aux trajectoires simples ou mixtes de JHA et de SUP. Ces résultats sont abordés à la lumière des changements dans le DSM-V qui établissent un rapprochement entre les problèmes de JHA et les problèmes de SUP.
JEu me questionne : un programme désiré par les CSSS du Québec ?
Authors: Ladouceur Robert , Fournier Patricia-Maude , Lafond Sophie , Goulet Annie , Simoneau Hélène , Sévigny Serge , Giroux Isabelle
Published: October 2014

JEu me questionne est le premier programme québécois d’intervention semi-autonome conçu pour venir en aide aux joueurs désirant exercer un meilleur contrôle sur leurs habitudes de jeu. Ce programme pourrait être offert dans les centres de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS), l’une des portes d’entrée pour les demandes de services en jeu problématique. Plusieurs CSSS du Québec qui offrent des services de première ligne à une clientèle variée intègrent déjà à leur offre de service un programme d’autotraitement pour les problèmes de consommation d’alcool. Un programme tel JEu me questionne correspond-il à un besoin et à un intérêt pour les CSSS ? L’étude vise à documenter la situation actuelle des services offerts en CSSS en matière de jeu et à vérifier la perception des administrateurs et des intervenants des CSSS à l’égard d’une éventuelle offre de ce programme dans leur milieu. Quatre-vingt-deux intervenants et seize administrateurs recrutés dans neuf CSSS du Québec ont rempli un questionnaire élaboré pour les besoins de l’étude. Les résultats montrent que près de 70 % des CSSS n’offrent pas de services d’intervention précoce pour les problèmes de jeu, redirigeant plutôt les demandeurs vers des ressources spécialisées. La majorité des répondants (65 %) affiche un intérêt pour offrir ce programme dans leur établissement et perçoit qu’il répondrait à un besoin des usagers. Pour réaliser cette offre, les répondants soulèvent l’importance d’une formation adéquate, la présence de ressources en quantité suffisante, la concertation des milieux cliniques et la promotion du service. Le manque de temps et de ressources humaines et financières représente le principal obstacle. Des solutions à ces contraintes sont discutées, dont la gestion centralisée de ce programme pour un meilleur accès aux joueurs.
Pourquoi le poker est-il si attirant? Étude qualitative des motivations auprès des joueurs en salle et sur Internet
Authors: Dufour Magali , Petit Sévrine , Brunelle Natacha
Published: October 2014

Le poker est le jeu de hasard et d’argent ayant connu la plus grande progression dans les dernières années. Certains joueurs de poker québécois investissent beaucoup de temps et d’argent dans cette activité. Or, les motivations sont étroitement liées aux habitudes de jeu et même à la sévérité des conséquences qui y sont associées. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été effectuées auprès de vingt joueurs de poker afin d’explorer les motivations amenant les joueurs de poker à pratiquer cette activité. Les résultats montrent que les joueurs distinguent le poker des autres jeux de hasard et d’argent en mettant l’accent sur les habiletés et la stratégie présentes au poker. Ils jouent au poker pour avoir du plaisir, pour l’aspect social, la stimulation intellectuelle, la compétition, l’adrénaline et l’appât du gain, pour passer le temps et, certains, pour en faire une éventuelle carrière. Les entretiens ont également permis de mettre en lumière de nombreuses fluctuations dans les motivations. Les motivations sont dynamiques en fonction de la modalité de pratique du poker et du moment dans la trajectoire de jeu du participant.
Observational Study Fails to Demonstrate the Effectiveness of OMT in Decreasing Low Back Pain
Authors: Licciardone John C.
Published: October 2014

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (JAOA) encourages osteopathic physicians, faculty members and students at colleges of osteopathic medicine, and others within the health care professions to submit comments related to articles published in the JAOA and the mission of the osteopathic medical profession. The JAOA's editors are particularly interested in letters that discuss recently published original research.

Letters must be submitted online at http://www.osteopathic.org/JAOAsubmit. Letters to the editor are considered for publication in the JAOA with the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere and are not simultaneously under consideration by any other publication. All accepted letters to the editor are subject to editing and abridgment.

Although the JAOA welcomes letters to the editor, these contributions have a lower publication priority than other submissions. As a consequence, letters are published only when space allows.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Goodkin Michael B. , Bellew Lawrence J.
Published: October 2014

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is associated with many symptoms including orthostatic intolerance, fatigue, palpitations, and cognitive dysfunction. Treatment, which typically consists of exercise, increased dietary sodium and fluids, compression garments, and medications for orthostatic intolerance, frequently produces unsatisfactory results. The authors report the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with a 6-year history of severe fatigue, orthostatic intolerance, heat intolerance, cognitive dysfunction, and diffuse pain. She had previously injured her jaw on an obstacle course. Results of a standing test were consistent with POTS. After standard medical therapy was unsuccessful, the patient was referred for osteopathic manipulative treatment. At her 18-month follow-up, the patient's symptoms had improved dramatically. Physicians should consider osteopathic evaluation and manipulative treatment when caring for patients with POTS.J Am Osteopath Assoc.2014;114(11):874-877 doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.173
Waves in a Venus general circulation model
Authors: Sugimoto Norihiko , Takagi Masahiro , Matsuda Yoshihisa
Published: October 2014

Waves in the Venus atmosphere are numerically investigated by extending a work of Sugimoto et al. (2014). Fast superrotating zonal flow of 120 m s−1 at the equator is reproduced and maintained by solar heating for more than 10 Earth years. The meridional distribution of the obtained fast zonal flow is quite consistent with observations at the cloud levels. In the cloud layer, baroclinic waves develop continuously with a life cycle of ~25 Earth days at midlatitudes, using available potential energy derived from a baroclinically unstable basic state. Rossby waves observed at the cloud top are generated by the baroclinic waves and induce spatio‐temporal variation of the superrotation with amplitude larger than 25 m s−1. Further, Kelvin waves with a period of ∼ 6.2 days appear in the equatorial region below ~50 km. Momentum and heat transports produced by these waves are discussed.
Assimilation of SMOS‐derived soil moisture in a fully integrated hydrological and soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer model in Western Denmark
Authors: Ridler Marc‐Etienne , Madsen Henrik , Stisen Simon , Bircher Simone , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: October 2014

Real surface soil moisture retrieved from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite is downscaled and assimilated in a fully integrated hydrological and soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer (MIKE SHE SW‐ET) model using a bias aware ensemble transform Kalman filter (Bias‐ETKF). Satellite‐derived soil moisture assimilation in a catchment scale model is typically restricted by two challenges: (1) passive microwave is too coarse for direct assimilation and (2) the data tend to be biased. The solution proposed in this study is to disaggregate the SMOS bias using a higher resolution land cover classification map that was derived from Landsat thermal images. Using known correlations between SMOS bias and vegetation type, the assimilation filter is adapted to calculate biases online, using an initial bias estimate. Real SMOS‐derived soil moisture is assimilated in a precalibrated catchment model in Denmark. The objective is to determine if any additional gains can be achieved by SMOS surface soil moisture assimilation beyond the optimized model. A series of assimilation experiments were designed to (1) determine how effectively soil moisture corrections propagate downward in the soil column, (2) compare the efficacy of in situ versus SMOS assimilation, and (3) determine how soil moisture assimilation affects fluxes and discharge in the catchment. We find that assimilation of SMOS improved R2 soil moisture correlations in the upper 5 cm compared to a network of 30 in situ sensors for most land cover classes. Assimilation also brought modest gains in R2 at 25 cm depth but slightly degraded the correlation at 50 cm depth. Assimilation overcorrected discharge peaks.
Dynamic aspects of soil water availability for isohydric plants: Focus on root hydraulic resistances
Authors: Couvreur V. , Vanderborght J. , Draye X. , Javaux M.
Published: October 2014

Soil water availability for plant transpiration is a key concept in agronomy. The objective of this study is to revisit this concept and discuss how it may be affected by processes locally influencing root hydraulic properties. A physical limitation to soil water availability in terms of maximal flow rate available to plant leaves (
) is defined. It is expressed for isohydric plants, in terms of plant‐centered variables and properties (the equivalent soil water potential sensed by the plant,
; the root system equivalent conductance,
; and a threshold leaf water potential,
). The resulting limitation to plant transpiration is compared to commonly used empirical stress functions. Similarities suggest that the slope of empirical functions might correspond to the ratio of
to the plant potential transpiration rate. The sensitivity of
to local changes of root hydraulic conductances in response to soil matric potential is investigated using model simulations. A decrease of radial conductances when the soil dries induces earlier water stress, but allows maintaining higher night plant water potentials and higher
during the last week of a simulated 1 month drought. In opposition, an increase of radial conductances during soil drying provokes an increase of hydraulic redistribution and
at short term. This study offers a first insight on the effect of dynamic local root hydraulic properties on soil water availability. By better understanding complex interactions between hydraulic processes involved in soil‐plant hydrodynamics, better prospects on how root hydraulic traits mitigate plant water stress might be achieved.
Impact of oxygen transport properties on the kinetic modeling of polypropylene thermal oxidation. II. Effect of oxygen diffusivity
Authors: François‐Heude Alexandre , Richaud Emmanuel , Guinault Alain , Desnoux Eric , Colin Xavier
Published: October 2014

The kinetic model, established in a previous article (François‐Heude et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., in press) to predict the homogeneous oxidation in iPP films typically thinner than 100 µm, is now extended to simulate the oxidation profiles in thicker plates by coupling the oxygen diffusion and its consumption by the chemical reactions. In this perspective, oxygen transport properties (namely oxygen solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) are measured by permeametry on a reference iPP. These values are compared with an exhaustive compilation of literature data to evaluate their variability among the whole iPP family, which one has been reasonably ascribed to initial differences in polymer morphology, but also to evaluate their consistency, especially their temperature dependence between 20 and 140°C. Failing to simulate oxidation profiles, the kinetic model is then used as an inverse resolution method for estimating more satisfactory values of oxygen transport properties. It is thus evidenced that the crystallinity changes induced by thermal oxidation largely explains the dramatic decrease in oxygen penetration toward the sample core just after the induction period. A strategy aimed for introducing the relationship between the polymer crystalline morphology and oxygen transport properties into the kinetic model is given in the graphical abstract, although the effect of polymer polarity remains to be established prior to this implementation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41562.
Adsorption of methylene blue on hemicellulose‐based stimuli‐responsive porous hydrogel
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Feng , Gan Zhou , Jing Zhanxin , Wang Haihong , Wang Duo , Jin Yinan
Published: October 2014

A stimuli‐responsive porous hydrogel was synthesized from wheat straw hemicellulose using CaCO3 as the porogen, and its application for the removal of methylene blue was studied. The porous structure of the prepared hydrogel was confirmed by SEM analysis. The effects of pH and polyelectrolyte on the swelling of the hydrogels were discussed, and the porous hydrogels showed excellent sensitivity to pH and salt. The deswelling kinetic study indicated that the hydrogels exhibited rapid shrinking in NaCl aqueous solutions. The methylene blue adsorption on the hydrogels was investigated, and the obtained adsorption data was fitted to the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intra‐particle diffusion kinetics models, and the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model could describe the adsorption process, and the adsorption process of methylene blue on the hydrogels was controlled by external film diffusion. This study reported that the hemicellulose‐based porous hydrogel is promising for water treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41606.
Form and Function in the Platyrrhine Skull: A Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Dental andTMJMorphology
Authors: Terhune Claire E. , Cooke Siobhán B. , Otárola‐Castillo Erik
Published: October 2014

Cranial and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) form has been shown to reflect masticatory forces and mandibular range of motion, which vary in relation to feeding strategy. Similarly, the dentition, as the portion of the masticatory apparatus most directly involved in triturating food items, strongly reflects dietary profile. Fine control over condylar and mandibular movements guides the teeth into occlusion, while the topography and position of the dental arcade mediate mandibular movements. We hypothesize that masticatory, and particularly TMJ, morphology and dental form covary in predictable ways with one another and with diet. We employed three‐dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to examine inter‐specific variation in ten platyrrhine species. Landmarks were collected on six datasets describing the upper and lower molars, cranium, glenoid fossa, mandible, and mandibular condyle; two‐block partial least squares analyses were performed to assess covariation between cranial morphology, dentition, and diet. Significant relationships were identified between the molars and the cranium, mandible, and glenoid fossa. Some of these shape complexes reflect feeding strategy; for example, higher crowned/cusped dentitions, as found in primates consuming larger quantities of structural carbohydrates (e.g.,AlouattaandSaimiri), correspond to anteroposterior longer and deeper glenoid fossae. These results indicate strong covariance between dental and TMJ form, aspects of which are related to feeding behavior. However, other aspects of morphological variation display a strong phylogenetic signal; we must therefore examine further ways in which to control for phylogeny when examining covariation in interspecific masticatory form. Anat Rec, 298:29–47, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of amino alcohol analogues possessing 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases
Authors: Grecsó Nóra , Ilisz István , Gecse Zsanett , Schönstein László , Fülöp Ferenc , Péter Antal
Published: October 2014

The stereoisomers of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline amino alcohol analogues and derivatives thereof were separated in normal‐phase mode on chiral stationary phases based on preprepared silica coated with cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate), cellulose tris‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenyl carbamate), cellulose tris‐(4‐methylbenzoate) or cellulose tris‐(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenyl carbamate). On all the investigated chiral columns, the retention and the enantioseparation were influenced by the nature and the concentrations of the mobile phase components and additives, and also the temperature. Experiments were performed in the temperature range 10–50°C. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from plots of lnα vs 1/T. On these polysaccharide‐based chiral columns, both enthalpy‐driven separations and entropy‐controlled enantioseparations were observed. The latter was advantageous with regard to the shorter retention and greater selectivity at high temperature. The sequence of elution of the stereoisomers was determined in all cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting the Crystal Structure of Rhombohedral Lead Metaniobate.
Authors: Olsen Gerhard Henning , Soerby Magnus Helgerud , Hauback Bjoern Christian , Selbach Sverre Magnus , Grande Tor
Published: October 2014

The crystal structure of rhombohedral PbNb2O6 is re‐examined by powder XRD and powder neutron diffraction in combination with ab initio DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Occurrence of Two Polymorphs of Rb2Sc[Si4O10]F and Their Structural, Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization.
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Manninger Tanja , Perfler Lukas , Toebbens Daniel M.
Published: October 2014

Single crystals of two forms of Rb2Sc[Si4O10]F within the same run are obtained from mixtures of Sc2O3, SiO2, and RbF (Pt tube, 1373 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Orbital‐Singlet State of AgxVP2O7.
Authors: Onoda Masashige , Sakamoto Takuma
Published: October 2014

Polycrystalline samples of AgxVP2O7 (0.7 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) are prepared by solid state reaction of mixtures of composition 2xAg3PO4, 4xVPO4, 3(1‐x)VPO5, and (3‐x)V(PO3)3 (sealed quartz tubes, 1073 K, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of Ca3Ti2O7:Eu3+, Bi3+, R+ (R+: Li+, Na+, and K+) Red Emission Phosphor.
Authors: Cao Renping , Chen Guo , Yu Xiaoguang , Cao Chunyan , Chen Kangbin , Liu Pan , Jiang Shenhua
Published: October 2014

The title phosphors are prepared by solid state reaction using CaCO3, M2CO3 (M: Li, Na, K), TiO2, Eu2O3, and Bi2O3 as source materials (600 °C for 5 h and 1350 °C for 4 h in air).
ChemInform Abstract: The Dy—Ni—Si System as a Representative of the Rare Earth—Ni—Si Family: Its Isothermal Section and New Rare‐Earth Nickel Silicides.
Authors: Yuan Fang , Mozharivskyj Y. , Morozkin A. V. , Knotko A. V. , Yapaskurt V. O. , Pani M. , Provino A. , Manfrinetti P.
Published: October 2014

Samples out of the Dy—Ni—Si system are prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 870 (Dy‐rich corner) or 1070 K (200‐240 h) and investigated by X‐ray and microprobe analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure‐High Temperature Synthesis of Lithium‐Rich Li3O(Cl, Br) and Li3‐xCax/2OCl anti‐Perovskite Halides.
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Han Jiantao , Zhu Jinlong , Lin Zhijun , Braga Maria H. , Daemen Luke L. , Wang Liping , Zhao Yusheng
Published: October 2014

The system (Li,Ca)—O—(Cl,Br) is investigated by synchrotron XRD under high pressure and temperature for the synthesis of lithium‐rich anti‐perovskite halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of Microporous Titanates Kx(Ti,M)8O16 Where M: Sc—Ni.
Authors: Moetakef Pouya , Larson Amber M. , Hodges Brenna C. , Zavalij Peter , Gaskell Karen J. , Piccoli Philip M. , Rodriguez Efrain E.
Published: October 2014

Single crystals of potassium titanate hollandites K1.5Sc1.5Ti6.5O16, K1.4Ti8O16, K1.5V1.5Ti6.5O16, K1.5Cr1.5Ti6.5O16, K1.6Ni0.8Ti7.2O16, K1.4Mn1.4Ti6.6O16, K1.5Fe1.5Ti6.5O16, K1.5Co0.75Ti7.25O16, and K1.6Ni0.8Ti7.2O16 are prepared by a flux method from transition metal oxides and KCl in a molar ratio of 1:10 (alumina crucibles, 1473—1573 K, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the New Strontium Borogermanate Sr3‐x/2B2‐xGe4+xO14 (x = 0.32).
Authors: Petermueller Benedikt , Petschnig Lucas L. , Wurst Klaus , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert
Published: October 2014

Small, colorless crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of SrO, SrCO3, GeO2, and H3BO3 in a NaF/KF flux (Pt crucible, 1100 °C, 38 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium Substitution in Mullite Type Bismuth Aluminate: Bi2CrxAl4‐xO9 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0.
Authors: Debnath Tapas , Ullah Ahamed , Ruescher Claus H. , Hussain Altaf
Published: October 2014

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the metal nitrates dissolved in glycerin (120 °C, 12 h) followed by calcination in air (Pt crucible, 800 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Nb28 Cluster Based on Tungstophosphate, [{Nb4O6 (OH)4}{Nb6P2W12O61 }4]36‐.
Authors: Zhang Dongdi , Liang Zhijie , Xie Songqiang , Ma Pengtao , Zhang Chao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: October 2014

Pale‐yellow block‐shaped crystals of Na12 [H24{Nb4O6 (OH)4}{Nb6P2W12O61 }4]·24H2O are prepared by addition of NaCl to mixtures of Nb6O19 dissolved in aqueous H2O2 solution, HCl, and K12[H2P2W12O48] (80 °C, 14% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskite‐Structure TlMnO3: A New Manganite with New Properties.
Authors: Yi Wei , Kumagai Yu. , Spaldin Nicola A. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Sato Akira , Presniakov Igor A. , Sobolev Alexey V. , Glazkova Yana S. , Belik Alexei A.
Published: October 2014

The title compound is prepared from a stoichiometric mixture of Mn2O3 and Tl2O3 (Au capsules, 6 GPa, 1500 °C, 2 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements, Moessbauer spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stability of Hexagonal OsB2.
Authors: Xie Zhilin , Blair Richard G. , Orlovskaya Nina , Cullen David A. , Andrew Payzant E.
Published: October 2014

Hexagonal ReB2‐type OsB2 refractory ceramic powder is prepared by high energy ball milling of elemental Os and B powders.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Stereoselective Organocatalysis with Indium(III) Salts.
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Wilson Claire Margaret , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: October 2014

Several organocatalytic SN1‐type reactions from allylic, benzylic and benzhydrylic alcohols are promoted by In(III) salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Trisubstituted 2‐Trifluoromethyl Pyrrolidines via Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition/Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Corbett Michael T. , Xu Qihai , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2014

Organocatalytic addition of trifluoromethylketones to nitroolefins proceeds under mild conditions to form Michael adducts with very high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Asymmetric Organocatalytic Michael Addition of α,α‐Disubstituted Aldehydes to Nitroolefins under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: He Junpeng , Chen Qiankun , Ni Bukuo
Published: October 2014

A simple and easily accessible chiral diamine catalyst is employed for the addition of aldehydes (I) and (IV) to nitroolefins to form Michael adducts in high yields and with high levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphoric Acid Mediated Tautomerism of Imines: Addition of a Secondary Enamine Intermediate to Aldehydes.
Authors: Davis Lindsey O. , Putri Marcella A. , Meyer Caitlin L. , Durant Christopher P.
Published: October 2014

Secondary enamines generated in situ from imine (I) and diethylphosphate react with aldehydes to give cross‐aldol condensation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Promoted Cyclization/Halogenation of Allenyl Ethenetricarboxylates and the Corresponding Amides: Stereoselective Synthesis of Haloalkenyl Five‐Membered Heterocycles.
Authors: Fukushima Yugo , Yamazaki Shoko , Ogawa Akiya
Published: October 2014

Reactions of allenyl ethenetricarboxylates (I) and the corresponding amides (III) with Lewis acids, such as AlCl3, AlBr3 and ZnX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) afford 3,4‐trans‐haloalkenyl lactones (III) and lactams (IV)/(V).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols to Aldehydes and Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Koenning Daniel , Olbrisch Tobias , Sypaseuth Fanni D. , Tzschucke C. Christoph , Christmann Mathias
Published: October 2014

Oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols (I), (III) and (VII) to the corresponding carboxylic acids (V), (VI), and (IX) is achieved by merging a Cu‐catalyzed oxidation using dioxygen as a terminal oxidant with subsequent chlorite oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: A 2‐Iodobenzamide Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols at Room Temperature.
Authors: Yakura Takayuki , Yamada Akihiro , Noda Narumi , Fujiwara Tomoya , Nambu Hisanori
Published: October 2014

Treatment of primary and secondary alcohols with a catalytic amount of iodobenzamide in the presence of oxone yields the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Photocatalytic Fluorination of Unactivated C—H Bonds.
Authors: Halperin Shira D. , Fan Hope , Chang Stanley , Martin Rainer E. , Britton Robert
Published: October 2014

A straightforward method for fluorination of unactivated C—H bonds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: N1‐Selective Oxidative C—N Coupling of Azoles with Pyrroles Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent.
Authors: Morimoto Koji , Ohnishi Yusuke , Nakamura Akira , Sakamoto Kazuma , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: October 2014

No explanation is given for the changed regioselectivity in the reaction of triazole (VIII) with unsubstituted indole (XV).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Alkylation of α‐Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals.
Authors: Yang Qin , Wu Ping , Chen Jiping , Yu Zhengkun
Published: October 2014

The title reaction applies styrene derivatives as alkylating reagents and affords highly functionalized olefins such as (III) and (V) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Aromatic C—H Bonds: An Access to Arylamines.
Authors: Xu Hui , Qiao Xixue , Yang Shiping , Shen Zengming
Published: October 2014

A simple and practical method for the title reaction is developed using oxygen as a terminal oxidant without any additional additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Transamidation of Carboxamides Catalyzed by Fe(III) and Water.
Authors: Becerra‐Figueroa Liliana , Ojeda‐Porras Andrea , Gamba‐Sanchez Diego
Published: October 2014

A highly efficient transamidation method is presented for several primary, secondary, and tertiary amides with aliphatic and aromatic amines (primary and secondary).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Cascade Reactions of Alkynols to Afford Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one and Dihydroisobenzofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Li Deng Yuan , Shi Ke Ji , Mao Xiao Feng , Chen Guo Rong , Liu Pei Nian
Published: October 2014

The result of the title cascade reaction of alkynols with imines depends on the solvent used (DMSO or THF).
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Palladium Iodide Catalyzed Multicomponent Carbonylative Approaches to Functionalized Isoindolinone and Isobenzofuranimine Derivatives.
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , Ziccarelli Ida , Armentano Donatella , Marino Nadia , Giofre Salvatore V. , Gabriele Bartolo
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of the title compound classes can be achieved from a wide variety of readily available alkynylbenzamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Reduction of Aldehydes with a Hydrosilane Leading to Symmetric Ethers and Silyl Ethers.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Nonomura Yoshifumi , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo
Published: October 2014

The hydrosilylation of the heteroaromatic aldehydes pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde and furfural does not proceed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective N—H Insertion‐Arylation Reactions of Nitrodiazoesters.
Authors: So Sonia S. , Mattson Anita E.
Published: October 2014

This multicomponent reactions furnishes substituted glycine derivatives in moderate to good yields but bad to low enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of α‐Sulfur‐Substituted Alkylstannanes to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Mediated by a Copper(II) Triflate and Chlorotrimethylsilane Combination.
Authors: Kagoshima Hirotaka , Yahagi Takeshi
Published: October 2014

A facile method for the synthesis of γ‐sulfur‐substituted ketones is provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)—Acid Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of 1,3‐Dienamides by Electrophilic Activation of α‐Aryl Diazoesters.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Horikawa Kouki , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu
Published: October 2014

A facile protocol for the synthesis of substituted cyclopropanes via reaction of electron rich alkenes with α‐aryl diazoesters is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Trapping the Lewis Acid Generated Transient Species from Pentafulvene Derived Diazanorbornenes with ortho‐Functionalized Aryl Iodides and Aliphatic Alcohols.
Authors: Chand S. Sarath , Saranya S. , Preethanuj P. , Dhanya B. P. , Jijy E. , Prakash Praveen , Sasidhar B. S. , Szymoniak Jan , Santhini P. V. , Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: October 2014

The stereoselective ring‐opening of pentafulvene derived diazabicyclic olefins (I) using ortho‐functionalized aryl iodides (II), (V) and (IX) gives access to trans‐1,2‐disubstituted alkylidenecyclopentenes (III), (VI) and (X), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Mitsunobu Reactions of Aliphatic Alcohols and Bulky Phenols.
Authors: Liu Dan , Sanow Logan P. , Zhang Cheng
Published: October 2014

Mitsunobu reactions of bulky phenols with primary alcohols are carried out in Et2O instead of THF.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)imines Catalyzed by Amberlist‐15.
Authors: Sanaboina Chakrapani , Jana Samaresh , Eppakayala Laxminarayana
Published: October 2014

A general, simple and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds by using Amberlite‐15 as a heterogeneous catalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: CO/C—H as an Acylating Reagent: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Carbonylative Esterification of Alcohols.
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Yanxia , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: October 2014

The base‐ and ligand‐free title reaction can be used for a greatly broad scope of substrate alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Thioesters from Thiols and Aldehydes in Water.
Authors: Huang Yu‐Ting , Lu Shao‐Yi , Yi Chih‐Lun , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: October 2014

The general title synthesis uses tBuOOH as oxidant and, in the most cases, water as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted Carbohydrazones Using K2CO3 as a Carbonyl Donor.
Authors: Wen Jun , Yang Chu‐Ting , Jiang Tao , Hu Sheng , Yang Tong‐Zai , Wang Xiao‐Lin
Published: October 2014

A novel method for the synthesis of carbohydrazones (III) via carbonylation of tosylhydrazones using K2CO3 as the carbonyl donor is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem C—H Activation/Arylation Catalyzed by Low‐Valent Iron Complexes with Bisiminopyridine Ligands.
Authors: Salanouve Elise , Bouzemame Ghania , Blanchard Sebastien , Derat Etienne , Desage‐El Murr Marine , Fensterbank Louis
Published: October 2014

The reaction is proposed to proceed through a metal‐based inner‐sphere C‐H activation involving concomitant electron transfer from the ligand and the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Ketophosphonates as Ester Surrogates: Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Diester and Lactone Synthesis.
Authors: Smith Siobhan R. , Leckie Stuart M. , Holmes Reuben , Douglas James , Fallan Charlene , Shapland Peter , Pryde David , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: October 2014

The reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: NiXantphos: A Deprotonatable Ligand for Room‐Temperature Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Walsh Patrick J. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2014

The title ligand outperforms all the other mono‐ and bidentate ligands in a deprotonative cross‐coupling process with aryl chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triaryls: Hydroxy and Amine Dinaphthyl and Diphenanthryl Aryls by One‐Pot Electron‐Transfer Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Jimenez Liliana B. , Torres Natalia V. , Borioni Jose L. , Pierini Adriana B.
Published: October 2014

both disubstitution isomers, cisoid and transoid, are obtained in case of compound (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indene Derivatives via Intramolecular Allylic Arylation of Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Shao Jiangbin , Hu Peizhu , Hong Guo , Fang Mingwu , Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng
Published: October 2014

A practical palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular allylic alkylation via C(sp2)—H activation is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopropane Spirooxindoles by Means of a Vinylogous Organocatalytic Cascade.
Authors: Cesar da Silva Rodrigo , Chatterjee Indranil , Escudero‐Adan Eduardo , Weber Paixao Marcio , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: October 2014

The stereoselective construction of cyclopropane spirooxindoles is carried out by means of a vinylogous cascade reaction, integrating a vinylogous iminium ion/dienamine tandem sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant‐Resistant Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donating Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Nucleophilic Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Li Shanji , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: October 2014

The bifunctional benzothiadiazine‐based organocatalyst promotes the asymmetric epoxidation of α,β‐unsaturated amides to provide chiral oxiranecarboxamides in excellent yields and low to good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Phosphine‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Michael Reactions of N‐Allylic Substituted α‐Amino Nitriles: Construction of Functionalized Pyrrolidine Rings via 5‐endo‐trig Cyclizations.
Authors: En Da , Zou Gong‐Feng , Guo Yuan , Liao Wei‐Wei
Published: October 2014

A one‐pot method for the synthesis of the title compounds is also presented [reaction of (V)].
ChemInform Abstract: Selective 5‐exo‐dig Cyclization of in situ Synthesized N‐Boc‐2‐aminophenyl Ethoxyethynyl Carbenols: Synthesis of Multifunctional Indoles and Their Derivatives.
Authors: Thirupathi Nuligonda , Kumar Yalla Kiran , Kant Ruchir , Reddy Maddi Sridhar
Published: October 2014

The multifunctional indoles obtained by this method can be used as substrates for the synthesis of polycyclic compounds, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C2‐Selective Carbenoid Functionalization and Subsequent C7‐Alkenylation of Indoles.
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Yan Yunnan , Li Qiu , Xu H. Eric , Yi Wei
Published: October 2014

The first example of a Rh(III)‐catalyzed and alcohol‐mediated direct C2‐selective carbenoid insertion functionalization of indoles (I) using the pyrimidyl function as a directing group is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Direct C‐2 Arylation of Indoles
Authors: Feng Jie , Lu Guoping , Lv Meifang , Cai Chun
Published: October 2014

and benzothiophene (VI) by a pincer palladium complex
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of the N1—C3 Linkage Stereogenic Centers by Catalytic Asymmetric Amination Reaction of 3‐Bromooxindoles with Indolines.
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Kang Hong , Hong Liang , Dong Weiping , Li Guolin , Zheng Xin , Wang Rui
Published: October 2014

The enantioselective amination of 3‐bromooxindoles with indolines under mild conditions is presented.