bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Technology, Innovation and Economic Policy
Authors: Melling Joseph
Published: July 2017

Technology, Innovation and Economic Policy, Peter Hall (Ed.), Philip Allan, London, 1986, 248p. £8.95 pbk. 0 86003 171 3.
Asian Regionalism: Competition and Co-operation Between Japan and the NIC’s
Authors: Lee Soo Hee
Published: July 2017

The topic of regionalism, trading blocks, and the role of Asia is becoming increasingly debated among academics and policymakers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze this topic from the viewpoint of co-operation and competition. Many of the Asian countries are “co-operating”, in the sense that they are forming certain blocks, such as APEC, in order to increase their bargaining position with the European Union and Nafta, and to encourage greater economic and business integration. At the same time, there is an increasing “competition”, between certain countries within Asia. A key part of this conflict, is between Japan, and the NIC’s, especially the two larger countries, South Korea and Taiwan. This paper will focus on the growing co-operation, mixed with competition and rivalry between Japan and these other Asian NIC’s.
Book Review: The New Economics of Human Behaviour
Authors: McChesney C.R.
Published: July 2017

Mariano Tommasi, Kathryn Ierulli (eds.), The New Economics of Human Behaviour. Cambridge University Press. 0 521 47420 5 (hardback) £35. 0 521 47949 5 (paperback) £12.95.
Unit trusts in Singapore: Performance of the local funds
Authors: Chong James
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the funds in Singapore. A number of theoretical issues concerning the propriety of using the Sharpe Index as the performance measure are discussed. This study attempts to evaluate not only the funds’ performance over the entire research period (61/2 years) but also their performance during the volatile Gulf War period. Generally, the funds outperformed the market index during both evaluation periods. This unexpected result offers fresh perspective on the funds’ ability to ‘beat the market’.
The Methodology Rather than the Rhetoric of Economics: McCloskey on Popper and Hume
Authors: McLachlan Hugh V. , Swales J.K.
Published: July 2017

McCloskey is against what he considers to be the traditional approach to the philosophy and methodology of economics. He is specifically opposed to the philosophies (of knowledge) of Hume and, even more so, of Popper. He seems, generally, to be against philosophy or, at least, philosophy of knowledge and methodology as such and, in comparison to them, offers ‘rhetoric’ for more favourable consideration. We argue that the epistemologies of Hume and of Popper should, indeed, be rejected but that they should be rejected on philosophical and methodological grounds rather than on ‘rhetorical’ ones. While some particular methodological theories can and should, as McCloskey suggests, be abandoned, economic methodology as such stands undamaged by McCloskey’s attempted attack upon it.
Ethics into Economics: Are We Homo Economicus or Homo Religious?
Authors: Mendis Patrick
Published: July 2017

This paper argues that the premise of modern economic policies, based purely on neo-classical models, has led to a social disequilibrium and environmental degradation. Neo-classical economic thinkers assume that complex human behaviors can be understood economically and analyzed rationally. Yet, people in the real world behave irrationally and not necessarily economically motivated. The ultimate human utility then lies not only within the economic domain to maximize self-interest in the material world but rather to achieve a satisfying and meaningful livelihood within the spiritual realm. Thus, we are essentially spiritual beings or homo religious having a homo economicus or material experience in search of purpose. The ultimate self-interest does indeed go beyond mere economic means and ends. The premise of economics and ethical and moral considerations should, therefore, be integrated to better understand the so-called economic behavior for a broader welfare of the society for sustainable development.
Public Goods, Predatory Pricing and Mr. Murdoch in the House of Lords
Authors: McGuinness Kevin , Maughan C. William
Published: July 2017

This article examines alleged predatory pricing in the newspaper industry which led the House of Lords to amend section 19 of the Competition Bill. In making that amendment, the House invoked a confused argument involving public good, merit good and predatory pricing concepts. This argument is shown to be theoretically suspect. Doubt is cast on whether section 19 will be beneficial to the newspaper or serve the Lords’ merit good objective.
Effects of Infrasound on Involuntary Eye Movement during Fixation
Authors: Takigawa Hiroshi , Kawade Fukiko , Sakamoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2017

This study was undertaken in order to clarify the effects of infrasound on vestibular functions by comparing observations of eye movement under exposure to infrasound and audible noise. Twenty-five healthy males were exposed to a wide octave-band noise, (approx. 125 Hz to 4kHz) or to 16 Hz or 5 Hz at 95 dB for 3 minutes. Their involuntary eye movement with the eyes visually fixed in the horizontal direction was measured before and during exposure with their eyes open and closed.

The extent of eye movement before the exposure was significantly greater with eyes closed than with eyes open. This difference was intensified by 5-Hz exposure, but exposure to the noise of 16-Hz infrasound had no effect. The power percentage in the low frequency-band, determined by spectral analysis of the eye movement, was significantly greater with eyes closed than with eyes open before the exposure. This increase in the power percentage in the low frequency-band was reinforced by the 16- and 5-Hz exposures, while no effect was observed upon exposure to the noise. These results suggest that the potential of the vestibulo-ocular reflex was increased upon exposure to infrasound, regardless of whether or not the subjects perceived any sensation.
Transmission of Vibration from Support Surface to Human Body in the Evaluation of Postural Stability
Authors: Starck Jukka , Pekkarinen Jussi , Pyykkö Ilmari , Aalto Heikki , Toppila Esko
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency response function between the vibration acceleration of the support surface and different body segments of a standing man. A metal platform moving freely on roller bearings was vibrated with random horizontal vibration at RMS acceleration of 3 m/s2 and frequency range 4–50 Hz. In addition to the constant horizontal acceleration, a frequency-dependent longitudinal acceleration was produced by the resonances of the support surface. The result indicates that between 4 and 20 Hz, the skeletal joints and muscles amplify longitudinal vibration acceleration and possibly transform horizontal vibration to the longitudinal vibration. At about 5 Hz the longitudinal vibration acceleration was amplified each time that it crossed joints. In the longitudinal direction the resonance frequency remained constant at different parts of the body but the resonances became sharper when crossing the main joints of the body.
Vibration Exposure, Vibration-Induced White Finger and Digital Arterial Tone in Chain Saw Operators
Authors: Bovenzi Massimo
Published: July 2017

In a group of 65 Italian forestry operators using chain saws, the overall prevalence of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) was found to be 29.2%. The occurrence of VWF was higher in the chain sawyers who had operated non-antivibration (non-A/V) as well as A/V saws (46.4%) than in those with experience limited to A/V saws (16.2%). The latency time before VWF averaged 9.4 yr (SD 6.8). The mean value of the four-hour energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration [(ah,w)eq(4)] was 7.2 m/s2 (SD 1.2). On the basis of the known VWF prevalence and of [(ah,w)eq(4)], a latent period before VWF of 7.1 yr was expected according to ISO 5349. The measurement of finger systolic pressure (FSP) at 15°C and 10°C by plethysmographic technique showed that the chain sawyers affected with VWF experienced a more intense digital vasospasm than a group of comparable controls and the chain sawyers without VWF. The sensitivity of the method to detect vibration-induced digital arterial hyper-responsiveness to cold was 84.2% and the specificity was 100%. The findings of this study showed a good agreement between the expected and observed latency times before VWF, even though the ISO dose-effect relationship seems to overestimate slightly the risk. The results of the cold test indicated that the measurement of FSP during local cooling is an accurate laboratory method to diagnose objectively Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin.
Transmission of Vibration into Vibration-Isolated Buildings
Authors: Hunt H. E. M.
Published: July 2017

Buildings constructed above or near underground and surface roads and railways often include some type of vibration isolation in their foundations. The effectiveness of such isolation measures is usually calculated by treating the building as a rigid block and the resulting mass-spring-damper system as a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator whose characteristic response to vibration is well known. Measurements in isolated buildings show that the truth is far more complicated and that the simple model is of no use whatsoever for predicting vibration levels. In this paper, simple alternative models of buildings will be presented and methods of interpretation of measured vibration spectra in the light of coherence functions for multi-input multi-output systems will be discussed.
Vibration of the Abdomen in Non-Pregnant Sheep: Effect of Dynamic Force and Surface Area of Vibrator
Authors: Peters Aemil J.M. , Abrams Robert M. , Gerhardt Kenneth J. , Burchfield David J.
Published: July 2017

Vibration exposure is a growing concern for increasing numbers of working pregnant women. The coupling between vibrating machines and the body determines to a great extent the degree of exposure and thus any maternal or foetal morbidity. In the present experiments we determined the effect of dynamic force and surface area of a vibrator on intraabdominal sound pressure level (SPL). Intraabdominal SPL was measured with a miniature hydrophone during mechanical vibration between 1–5000 Hz. Three different dynamic forces: 0.07, 0.14 and 0.42 newtons (N), and actuator head sizes: 2, 8 and 32 cm 2 were used with a constant static force of 9 N. Increasing the applied dynamic force increased the generated SPL (p<0.0001). The different actuator head sizes did not meaningfully affect sound transmissibility across frequencies.
Measures Against Ventilation Noise – which tone frequencies are least and most annoying?
Authors: Landström Ulf , Kjellberg Anders , SÖDerberg Lena , Nordström Bertil
Published: July 2017

20 subjects were exposed to a tonal ventilaton noise, with the information to adjust the tone frequency at 40 dBA, to the lowest and highest annoying experiences. The adjusted frequencies were 58 and 380 Hz. The higher frequency was correlated to significant higher annoyance, discomfort and lower performance. The rated effort was higher but below the significant level of 5%. According to the investigation, lower tone frequencies are less annoying than higher. The dBA ratings thus may result in an overestimation of the annoying reactions in cases of low frequency tone components.
Generation of Low-Frequency Rayleigh Waves by Heavy Lorries
Authors: Krylov V.V.
Published: July 2017

Generation of low-frequency ground vibrations by heavy lorries is considered theoretically for both vehicles accelerating (decelerating) with a constant acceleration and vehicles travelling at constant speed on damaged or bumpy surfaces. In the case of damaged or bumpy surfaces, excitation of axle-hop resonances is taken into account, whereas an accelerating or braking vehicle is modelled as a point horizontal traction force applied to the ground and moving along with the vehicle. Frequency spectra of the vertical component of the ground vibration velocity are investigated for different functions of road surface roughness, acceleration, final (initial) speed of the vehicle, ground attenuation, Poisson's ratio, and radiation angle relative to the direction of the vehicle movement. It is shown that damaged or bumpy road surfaces normally generate vibrations of higher amplitudes, in comparison with accelerating and braking lorries. In contrast to vehicles travelling along bumpy or uneven roads and generating vibrations propagating at all directions, the ground vibrations generated by accelerating and braking vehicles are characterised by the directivity function showing that there is no radiation in the direction perpendicular to the vehicle movement.
Exposure Time and its Influence on Noise Annoyance at Work
Authors: Landström Ulf , Holmberg Kjell , Kjellberg Anders , Söderberg Lena , Tesarz Maria
Published: July 2017

In a group of 123 persons recordings of noise exposures and annoyance were carried out twice during a working day. The recordings represented four different types of working environments; control rooms (n = 56), laboratories (n = 6), offices in industries (n = 30) and offices in administrations (n = 31). The noise exposure levels varied between 40 and 70 dB(A). The mean different time of noise exposure was 3 hours with a shortest time of one hour and a longest time of five and a half hours. The results were not unequivocal but indicated a lowered annoyance at the second occasion for all groups but the control room group, representing the most pronounced low frequency environment.
Who does Theology?
Authors: Davies D. P.
Published: July 2017

Anselm saw theology as fides quaerens intellectum, faith searching for understanding. Theology concerns itself with human awareness of something that transcends humanity. It starts where we are and involves a given-ness which forms its fundamental basis. Human experience or awareness of God is interpreted from within this agreed framework. Theology is a way of experiencing and interpreting life but it is also dynamic body of knowledge. Within the Christian tradition, this can be seen in the theologies from the so-called ‘margins’. The study of such a dynamic body of knowledge has been the concern of theology and religious studies degree programmes in modern Universities. Theology is however, not the preserve of the elite professionals. The professional theologians need to stand alongside ordinary people and learning from their experiences as much as theirs.
‘Can We Now Bypass That Truth?’ – Interrogating the Methodology of Dalit Theology
Authors: Sebastian J. Jayakiran
Published: July 2017

Dalit studies are making a come back. This is also reflected in the field of Indian Christian theology where Dalit theology has emerged as a separate discipline and not simply as a branch of theology. Dominant forms of discourse have the disconcerting habit of raising questions like ‘relevance’ and ‘viability’ which forces people to enter into the ‘bypass mode’. Questions raising issues like ‘reality’ and ‘representation’, often lead to internecine conflicts that help no one but the dominant discourses. Although much has been achieved, including major interventions in the field of Biblical studies and hermeneutics and the rediscovery of Dalit literature, there is much that still needs to be done in the field of Dalit theology.
Qualitative Data Analysis and the Transforming Moment
Authors: Ratcliff Donald
Published: July 2017

Insight is an important and repeated component of most qualitative research studies. Yet insight is often a vague concept that is not well articulated in textbooks and research reports. The late James Loder of Princeton University posited a theologically-based process he termed ‘the transforming moment’ that identifies predictable phases in a wide variety of transformations, including those of a psychological, scientific, and spiritual nature. This process corresponds at many levels with the role of insight in qualitative research. As a result, careful examination of Loder's outline of the transformative process can help clarify what is meant by insight and how it informs research activities.
Sources of Social and Political Theology: Interrogating the African experience
Authors: Eze E. Chukwudi
Published: July 2017

This paper analyses selected recent African theological works on the conceptual relationships between church and society. The author highlights what can be universally learned from the African writings with reference to debates about faith and its relationship to ideals of social and political justice. Some recent books by African theologians have taken up the challenge of directly confronting questions that arise from the relationships between Africa's religions and their wider social and political environment. The paper shows how according to these theologians the church in Africa must be judged by what it does and by what it does not do vis-à-vis the larger societies of which it is a part.
Globalization and Migratory Processes in the Socio-reli-gious, Economic and Political Context of the Malay Muslims of Malaysia
Authors: Cheong John
Published: July 2017

Globalization in Malaysia has introduced the Malay Muslim population to new ethno- religious dynamics at the urban-to-urban level internationally and rural-to-urban sphere nationally. At the international level, Malay Muslims who studied abroad have returned with alternate conceptions of Islam at odds with the local version as well as fostered transnational links to outsiders that later facilitated their religious influence locally. At the national level, Malay Muslim migration to an urban economy opened to global capitalism have produced reactionary discourses and attitudes by conservative Muslims desirous of countering the excesses of this economic reality. Implications for a Christian holistic transformation in light of these dynamics are proposed.
The Partition of Love and Hope: Eschatology and Social Responsibility
Authors: Williams Stephen
Published: July 2017

These days we hear a lot about the way our eschatological belief can affect our social action. Indeed it can: but do contemporary evangelicals satisfactorily show us how? In this article it is argued that our exact beliefs about the world's future should affect our present activity less than people think. The proposal is made that we distinguish between love and hope as springs of social action, not by rejecting hope but by showing its limitations. One advantage of this suggestion is that it keeps us from over-emphasizing eschatological differences as we pursue a theology of social action.
Social and behavioural difficulties in children with language impairment
Authors: Botting Nicola , Conti-Ramsden Gina
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the secondary social and behavioural difficulties of a large cohort of children attending language units in England. In stage 1 of the study, 242 children with language impairments were assessed on a measure of peer competence, a behavioural measure, a cognitive measure and also using teacher opinion of emotional/behavioural status in school year 2 (age 6-7). A year later, 214 of the children were followed up at age 7-8 years. The group is examined as a whole and in terms of subgroups according to type of language impairment. While the group pattern for behavioural difficulties showed that children in language units do not generally have clinical-level behavioural problems, the scores were significantly different by subgroup, with children exhibiting mainly expressive difficulties showing the least secondary behavioural problems and children with mixed expressive and receptive problems showing the greatest increase in behavioural scores from stage 1 to stage 2. Children with complex receptive and complex language impairments were the most likely to score over the clinical threshold when examined by frequency and these children were also rated as having more marked social difficulties with peers than the other subgroups. Agreement between questionnaire score and teacher opinion was high. Patterns of social and behavioural impairment showed no associations with gender or cognitive ability. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to other studies on social or behavioural impairment in this population.
Enhancing the emergent literacy skills of pre-schoolers with communication disorders: a pilot investigation
Authors: Ezell Helen K. , Justice Laura M. , Parsons Davida
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this pilot investigation was to examine the efficacy of a parent-child book-reading programme designed to enhance the early literacy skills of pre-schoolers with communication disorders. Four parents and their children completed a 5-week programme that included group parent training supplemented by individualized guided reading practice sessions for each day. Results indicated that programme participation positively influenced children’s concepts about print and that parents judged the programme to be beneficial to themselves and their children. These findings are discussed in terms of their relevance towards enhancing the early literacy skills of pre-schoolers with communication disorders.
Include us out? Speech and language therapists’ prioritization in mainstream schools
Authors: McCartney Elspeth
Published: July 2017

Speech and language therapy services face tensions when prioritizing in an increasingly inclusive educational system. The selection parameters available for prioritizing children are discussed, and they appear to have limits in a mainstream school context. However, prioritization must continue for resource reasons, and ways forward are discussed.
Learning new words using imitation and additional cues: differences between children with disordered speech
Authors: Bradford-Heit Amanda , Dodd Barbara
Published: July 2017

Preliminary data on the effectiveness of imitation and other cues in facilitating correct new word production are reported. Novel names were taught to three groups of children with disordered speech: those who consistently made non-developmental errors (consistent deviant); those who made inconsistent errors; and children diagnosed as having developmental verbal dyspraxia; as well as a normally speaking age-matched control group. The results suggested that the groups differed in terms of their ability to accurately imitate new words on the initial attempt, and in their ability to use different types of information to facilitate accurate production. The findings bear on the nature of the different deficits underlying subtypes of speech disorder and the usefulness of imitation as a clinical strategy.
Is time a problem for children with autism as well as for children with specific language impairments?
Authors: Diamond Lucy , Dobson Lindsay , Boucher Jill
Published: July 2017

This study was undertaken as a preliminary test of the hypothesis that where children with specific language impairment have problems in organizing and executing rapid fine movements, children with autism have problems in organizing their behaviour through more extended phases of time. A pre-school child with phonologic-syntactic specific language impairment and a pre-school child with autism were each paired with a sex-matched and age-matched control, and assessed on a range of tasks involving motor skills. It was predicted that the child with specific language impairment would be impaired relative to her control on tasks involving rapid fine movements, whether oral or manual; whereas the child with autism would be impaired relative to his control on tasks involving complex movements taking placing over more extended time-scales. The hypothesis received preliminary support.
A Class of Transportable Demountable Structures
Authors: Foster C. G. , Krishnakumar S.
Published: July 2017

A family of foldable, portable structures is described which is based on the Yoshimura buckle pattern for axially compressed cylindrical shells. Triangular panels are joined to form a structure which has considerable shape flexibility but rigidity when erected. By suitable arrangement of panels, structures with large clear spans are possible.
Member Ductility and Design Detail of Some Welded Joints
Authors: Schmidt L. C. , Morgan P. R.
Published: July 2017

The behaviour of tubular steel members and their connections are studied under ultimate tensile load conditions. Three end connection details are considered. These are practical connections, but one has a deliberately introduced defect of welding fabrication detail. Two types of steel are used: one is a conventional semi-killed mild steel, while the other is a rimmed steel that has been cold formed to produce an enhanced yield stress. The ratio of ultimate stress to yield stress (strain hardening ratio) is widely different for the two steels. The tests highlight the reduction in ultimate-load capacity and the severely reduced ductility that follows when defects of fabrication and low strain hardening ratio steels occur together.
An Efficient Approximation Method for Structural Synthesis with Reference to Space Structures
Authors: Salajegheh E. , Vanderplaats G. N.
Published: July 2017

A method is presented for the optimum design of structures which is very robust and efficient in terms of the number of required analyses of the structure. Some explicit approximation expressions are generated for the structural response quantities such as nodal displacements, forces and frequencies as functions of the cross-sectional properties. By substituting these expressions into the constraint equations, the design task becomes a non-linear programming problem which is an explicit problem in terms of the design variables. The solution of this problem gives the actual cross-sectional dimensions. The method is an iterative technique and the results indicate that the convergence to the optimal solution results indicate that the convergence to the optimal solution is very rapid. The robustness of the proposed method is due to the generation of explicit approximate relations for the structural response quantities, as in the past the design constraints were approximated. Also a high quality approximation is obtained for the internal forces directly without using the approximate values of the displacements. The quality of approximations is enhanced by expressing the structural responses, in particular, the frequencies with respect to the cross-sectional areas and second moment of inertias instead of using the cross-sectional dimensions. A double-layer grid and a grillage are chosen as test cases, the results of which are presented.
Textile Structures: A Comparison of Several Cutting Pattern Methods
Authors: Galasko G. , Leon J.C. , Trompette P. , Veron P.
Published: July 2017

The performances of three cutting pattern methods are compared by means of two specific and quite different examples: a hyperbolic paraboloid and a part of a sixteenth of a sphere. It is shown that the results obtained are significantly different, something which can explain the difficulties sometimes encountered during the practical erection of tensile structures despite a convenient shape definition.
The use of self-management strategies by people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hammond A
Published: July 2017

Objective: To investigate seven common arthritis self-management methods used by people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by studying their frequency of use and the patients' belief in their benefits. Also to look at how people obtained information about such methods.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Subjects and setting: Forty-one people with RA attending a rheumatology outpatient department at a large district general hospital.

Results: Twenty-three recalled receiving some self-management advice from rheumatology team members, but most stated the commonest source of information was arthritis books and leaflets ( n = 29). Two-thirds used technical aids and rest on a daily basis, half used exercise and heat (half doing so daily). A quarter to a half used relaxation, joint protection and working splints (half doing so daily).

Conclusion: People with RA reported using three or four self-management methods simultaneously to help control symptoms. In the main, believing a method to be beneficial was strongly related to its use. However, exercise and joint protection, whilst widely believed to be beneficial, were less used. People reported problems with knowing how to do these correctly, having insufficient time to practise sufficiently and difficulty in establishing habits.
Effect of a physiotherapist-led training programme on attitudes of nurses caring for patients after stroke
Authors: Forster Anne , Dowswell George , Young John , Bagley Pam , Sheard Jayne , Wright Philip
Published: July 2017

Background: A multidisciplinary project team developed a five-month physiotherapist-led training programme designed to enhance nurses' rehabilitation skills.

Aims: Investigation of the effects of the training programme on nurses' attitudes to patients with stroke.

Method: An attitude questionnaire was completed by the participating nurses before and after the training programme. In a complementary qualitative evaluation the nurses' expectations and views of the training programme were explored.

Results: Analysis of the attitude questionnaire indicated that the programme was successful in positively influencing the nurses' attitudes (median of the change in score 2, p = 0.005). The qualitative interviews reflected a similar outcome.

Conclusions: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation indicates that the training programme had some effect in changing nurses' attitudes to treating patients after a stroke. Such a training programme could be a useful contribution to post-stroke care.
A Live-Case Program for Teaching Marketing Research
Authors: Richardson Neil , Raveed Sion
Published: July 2017

This paper has three parts. Part one describes the initial attempt to teach undergraduate marketing students marketing research using an unstructured live-case method. Part two describes the program after the course was modified to make it more structured. The last section compares the unstructured and structured live-case methods.
The Pathology of Malignant Lymphoma in Cattle: A Study of 1113 Cases
Authors: Smith Hilton A.
Published: July 2017

About 1100 cases of malignant lymphoma were studied. Malignant lymphomas in cattle occur mostly at the older ages but they are by no means absent in the very young. Sex, breed and season of the year have little significance. Nearly all organs and tissues are susceptible to invasion, but some much more so than others, lymph nodes and heart being outstanding. Several histological types are described, as well as a relation to Hodgkin's disease. Reactions by eosinophils, plasma cells and other cells are described and an attempt made to evaluate them etiologically. Considerable evidence suggests that this neoplastic disease originates as an unsuccessful, generalized defensive reaction.
Primary Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands in Animals Compared to Similar Tumors in Man
Authors: Koestner A. , Buerger L.
Published: July 2017

Thirty primary salivary tumors of animals (22 in dogs, 4 in horses, 2 in cats, 1 in a baboon and 1 in a guinea pig) were classified according to their histologic and biological characteristics and compared with their counterparts in man. According to criteria used in this report, 3 were classified as mucoepidermoid tumors (1 benign and 2 malignant), 1 as a squamous carcinoma, 5 as benign mixed tumors, 1 as a malignant mixed tumor, 12 as acinic cell tumors, 2 as ductular, 3 as trabecular, 2 as anaplastic adenocarcinomas and 1 as a malignant melanoma. The parotid gland was the site of the neoplasm in 16 cases, the mandibular gland in 5, the sublingual gland in 2 and minor salivary glands in the remaining 7.

Except for the difference in proportional incidence of the various types of salivary neoplasms in animals as compared to man, they are similar in their morphological pattern and in their biological behavior.
Oesophagostomum columbianum: Experimental Infections in Lambs
Authors: Shelton G. C. , Griffiths H. J.
Published: July 2017

The effects of different types of exposure upon the host-parasite relationship of O. columbianum in young lambs is considered. Most histotropic larvae leave the mucosa of the small intestine between the 5th and 9th days following initial infections but are retained longer if there has been prior infection.

The main lesion of the disease is associated with vast accumulations of eosinophils around histotropic 4th stage larvae, or in tunnels left by the larvae as they move through the various tissues of the intestine. Necrotic masses of eosinophils eventually become encapsulated to form the characteristic nodules.

Nodular lesions are much more pronounced in the small intestines if there has been prior exposure. Host response in the large intestine is similar regardless of prior infection. Likewise, histotropic larvae enter and remain for weeks or months in the wall of the large intestine regardless of prior exposure.
Osteoporose bei Jungtieren
Authors: Dämmrich K.
Published: July 2017

The naturally occurring osteoporoses in young animals represent hypoplasia of bone. The osseous hypoplasia may start at the time of the beginning of skeletal ossification as is the case in osteogenesis imperfecta. In fetal osteoporosis in calves, the juvenile osteoporosis in cattle, sheep, dogs, cats and lions and the osteoporosis associated with scurvy (Morbus Möller-Barlow) in monkeys, dogs, cats and pigs the onset of osteoporosis occurs at a later stage of bone development.
Pathologic Report of 29 Necropsies on Dogs with Mastocytoma
Authors: Hottendorf G. H. , Nielsen S. W.
Published: July 2017

At necropsy 28 of 29 dogs with cutaneous mastocytoma had internal accumulations of mast cells in various organs. The order of decreasing incidence in these organs was: regional lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, kidneys, lungs, and heart. No correlation was obvious between the size of the external lesions and the extent of internal involvement. A good correlation existed between the degree of anaplasia of the initial external tumor and the extent of subsequent internal involvement. Other significant lesions observed in these dogs included a diffuse plasmacytosis and a chronic focal glomerulitis. The distribution of neoplastic mast cells in some dogs inferred a multicentric origin. The possibility of an autoimmune reaction in these dogs is briefly discussed.
Encephalitis in the Newborn Pup due to a Canine Herpesvirus
Authors: Percy D. H. , Olander H. J. , Carmichael L. E.
Published: July 2017

A puppy with natural infection, none of 4 puppies examined 18 to 48 hours after experimental infection, and all of 13 puppies examined 3 to 9 days after experimental infection with a canine herpesvirus had lesions of the central nervous system. These constituted a non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis, characterized by focal and segmental destruction of gray and white matter and diffuse and focal microgliosis. In general, the gray matter was most severely involved, especially within the brain stem. The histopathologic findings in this disease are comparable to those in other herpetic encephalitides.
Exudative Epidermitis
Authors: Mebus C. A. , Underdahl N. R. , Twiehaus M. J.
Published: July 2017

Twenty-six hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived, 3-week-old pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with coccoid bacteria. Starting 48 hours after inoculation, 2 pigs were killed daily, cultured, and examined. The organism was most consistently reisolated from the conjunctival sac. The cutaneous lesion began with spongiosis in the upper part of the stratum spinosum followed by formation of vesicles and pustules or loss of the stratum corneum. Subsequently there was an accumulation on the skin of amorphous protcinaceous material, keratin, inflammatory cells, and coccoid bacteria over a parakeratotic layer. When the exudate and coccoid bacteria were abundant, the deeper layers of the epithelium were necrotic. Dilation of the ureters and renal pelves resulted from ureteral obstructions caused by severe edema, inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and hyperplasia and mucoid degeneration of the epithelium.
Observations on Septicemia of Cattle Caused by a Haemophilus-Like Organism
Authors: Panciera Roger J. , Dahlgren Robert R. , Rinker Harold B.
Published: July 2017

A septicemia caused by a Haemophilus-like organism occurs singly and multiplicate in feedlot and pastured cattle and has been reproduced experimentally. Clinically the disease may be peracute and neurologic, acute and respiratory, subchronic to chronic and arthritic, or an amalgam. Grossly, lesions are widespread but most prevalent are multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis of the brain, meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis, and pseudomembranous or ulcerative laryngitis. Histologically, there are intense vasculitis, thrombosis, infarction, and a purulent exudate. The lesions of the experimental infection in cattle and mice resemble the natural ones.
Epithelial Changes in Porcine Exudative Epidermitis
Authors: Obel Anna-Lisa
Published: July 2017

The cutaneous lesions in 25 spontaneous cases of porcine exudative epidermitis (EE) were studied. During the first 4 days mild acanthosis, increase of cytoplasmic RNA, enlarged nucleoli, and intercellular oedema in the stratum spinosum with formation of vesicles occur. A PAS-positive, diastase-resistant material accumulates in the stratum intermedium. The keratohyaline granules disappear and parakeratotic horn containing abundant protein-bound SH-groups and lipids is produced.

Beyond 4 days duration acanthosis and the formation of parakeratotic horn with microabscesses are increased. During healing keratohyaline granules reappear and the formation of normal horn cells is resumed.

Acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase are increased in the parakeratotic horn. Lactic acid dehydrogenase is increased in the transitional zone and alkaline phosphatase in the stratum basale.

The observations indicate inhibition in the stratum intermedium of the differentiation of epithelial cells to horny cells. The disease is believed to be of viral origin.
Disseminated Geotrichosis in a Dog
Authors: Lincoln S. D. , Adcock J. L.
Published: July 2017

Geotrichum candidum was isolated from lung and bronchial lymph node of a dog with signs of pulmonary disease and which had generalized mycotic lesions. Firm fleshy nodules were scattered throughout the lungs. The pulmonary lesions consisted of foci of coagulative necrosis encircled by an inflammatory infiltrate composed chiefly of alveolar macrophages. Histologic features of lesions in bronchial lymph nodes, kidneys, adrenals, and myocardium resembled those in the lungs, but foci of involvement were smaller. Tiny, well-defined granulomas occurred in liver, spleen, bone marrow, brain, and eye. Fungi were abundant in most lesions, particularly those in the lungs. The organisms, predominantly yeast-like, occurred both free and in the cytoplasm of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells.
Spontaneous Tumors of the Brain in Rats
Authors: Bots G. Th. A. M. , Kroes R. , Feron V. J.
Published: July 2017

Three cases of spontaneous cerebral tumors are reported in Wistar rats, 2 oligodendrogliomas and 1 malignant ganglioglioma or astrocytoma (grade 4).
The Folding of Liberal Government: Contract Governance and the Transformation of the Public Service in Canada
Authors: O'Connor Daniel , Ilcan Suzan
Published: July 2017

“Supply correct abstract” Despite renewed interest in the Schmittian problematic of the exception as the constitutive principle of the political, the full significance of Schmitt's political philosophy remains underestimated. Starting from Schmitt's account of the relation between the constituted order and its constitutive principle, the decision on exception.
X/Xs: Toward a General Theory of the Exception
Authors: Prozorov Sergei
Published: July 2017

Despite renewed interest in the Schmittian problematic of the exception as the constitutive principle of the political, the full significance of Schmitt's political philosophy remains underestimated. Starting from Schmitt's account of the relation between the constituted order and its constitutive principle, the decision on exception, this article outlines a broader discursive space that is here called the political ontology of exceptionalism and articulates three theses that describe the ways in which all forms of order are constituted, sustained, and undermined by various functions of the exception.
Double-Bundle Versus Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Randomized Study With 10-Year Results
Authors: Järvelä Sally , Kiekara Tommi , Suomalainen Piia , Järvelä Timo
Published: July 2017

Background:

A long-term follow-up comparing double-bundle and single-bundle techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has not been reported before.

Hypothesis:

Double-bundle ACL reconstruction may have fewer graft ruptures, lower rates of osteoarthritis (OA), and better stability than single-bundle reconstruction.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Ninety patients were randomized for double-bundle ACL reconstruction with bioabsorbable screw fixation (DB group; n = 30), single-bundle ACL reconstruction with bioabsorbable screw fixation (SBB group; n = 30), and single-bundle ACL reconstruction with metallic screw fixation (SBM group; n = 30). Evaluation methods consisted of a clinical examination, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm knee scores, and a radiographic examination of both the operated and contralateral knees.

Results:

Eighty-one patients (90%) were available at the 10-year follow-up. Eleven patients (1 in the DB group, 7 in the SBB group, and 3 in the SBM group) had a graft failure during the follow-up and went on to undergo revision ACL surgery ( P = .043). In the remaining 70 patients at 10 years, no significant group differences were found in the pivot-shift test findings, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, or knee scores. The most OA findings were found in the medial compartment of the knee, with 38% of the patients in the operated knee and 28% of the patients in the contralateral nonoperated knee. However, no significant group difference was found. The most severe OA changes were in the patients who had the longest delay from the primary injury to ACL reconstruction ( P = .047) and in the patients who underwent partial meniscal resection at the time of ACL reconstruction ( P = .024).

Conclusion:

Double-bundle ACL reconstruction resulted in significantly fewer graft failures than single-bundle ACL reconstruction during the follow-up. Knee stability and OA rates were similar at 10 years. The most severe OA changes were found in the patients who had the longest delay from the primary injury to ACL reconstruction and in the patients who underwent partial meniscal resection at the time of ACL reconstruction.
Effect of Ester Linkages on the Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber-Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Kazayawoko M. , Balatinecz J. J. , Woodhams R. T. , Law S.
Published: July 2017

The esterification reaction between several wood fibers and maleated polypropylenes, and its role in determining the mechanical properties of wood fiberpolypropylene composites was investigated. The modification technique used in this study involved bulk treatment in a thermokinetic mixer. The treatment of wood fiber with maleated polypropylene had a significant effect in increasing the mechanical properties of the composites. However, no direct evidence of ester links was detected between wood fiber and maleated polypropylene by FT-IR. Thus, the effectiveness of maleated polypropylene in improving the mechanical properties was attributed to the compatibilization effect which is accomplished by improving the wettability of wood fiber by the matrix polymer, lowering the fiber to fiber interactions, improving fibers dispersion and orientation, and enhancing the adhesion between wood fiber and polypropylene matrix.
Manufacturing and Characteristics of Glass Reinforced PTFE
Authors: Xiao-Qun Wang , Jie-Cai Han , Shan-Yi Du , Dian-Fu Wang
Published: July 2017

A study on reinforced Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with chopped glass fiber or glass cloth was described. This study included manufacturing process of fibrous PTFE, the effects of the content of chopped glass fiber or glass cloth on the tensile strength and dielectric properties of the reinforced PTFE and the effect of filling particles on tensile strength and morphology of PTFE composites, etc. Our results showed that about 11% chopped fiber or 37% glass cloth reinforcing PTFE had the highest tensile strength and acceptable dielectric properties. Crystallizing phenomenon of PTFE was readily observed with the adding of particles. Finally, predicting of dielectric properties was discussed.
Comparison of Measurements and Modeling for Pultrusion of a Fiberglass/Epoxy I-Beam
Authors: Roux J. A. , Vaughan J. G. , Shanku R. , Arafat E. S. , Bruce J. L. , Johnson V. R.
Published: July 2017

This research presents the experimental characterization and modeling of three-dimensional unsteady-state temperature and degree of cure distributions for the pultrusion manufacturing of fiberglass-epoxy I-beam composites. The model is capable of predicting temperature and degree of cure distributions for composites with Cartesian shapes in three dimensions and temperature profiles in pultrusion dies without the aid of predetermined temperature values used as die wall boundary conditions. The numerical model is compared with experimentally measured temperatures and degrees of cure recorded during the actual pultrusion manufacturing of the fiberglass-epoxy I-beams. Using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), the die composite exit degree of cure was also obtained. The finite volume method was utilized in the development of the numerical model for solving the governing energy and species equations used in modeling the entire heating section of the pultruder. The combinations of pull speed, fiber volume, and die temperature profiles can be modeled very economically to simulate pultrusion manufacturing of composites. Since this research is not limited in terms of predetermined temperature values, it can be tailored easily to predict a multitude of temperature profiles suited for a pultrusion process. This research is also important because it provides realistic modeling of irregular cross-sectional geometries.
The Effect of Thickness on the Tensile and Impact Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastics
Authors: Pechulis Michael , Vautour Daniel
Published: July 2017

The properties of reinforced thermoplastics are affected by the amount of skin and core developed within a part during the injection molding process. Since the thickness of a part greatly influences the amount of skin and core developed within a molded part, thickness also affects the properties of reinforced thermoplastics. This study compares the tensile strength and modulus of several short and long fiber reinforced thermoplastics at 2.0, 3.2, 4.4, and 6.4 mm wall thicknesses. Falling dart impact properties of the short and long fiber reinforced materials are also examined at 3.2 and 6.4 mm wall sections. The results indicate that the tensile properties of the reinforced crystalline resins are more affected by thickness than the reinforced amorphous resins. The study also shows that increasing wall thickness from 3.2 to 6.4 mm will significantly increase the impact energy absorption characteristics of several reinforced thermoplastic materials.