bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene oxide-Au nano particle coated quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for the real time analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Jandas P. J. , Luo Jingting , Quan Aojie , Li Chong , Fu Chen , Fu Y. Q.
Published: January 2020

A label-free quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor was developed for the selective and real-time estimation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) through the present study.
Redox-active glyme–Li tetrahalogenoferrate(iii) solvate ionic liquids for semi-liquid lithium secondary batteries
Authors: Kemmizaki Yuta , Katayama Yu , Tsutsumi Hiromori , Ueno Kazuhide
Published: January 2020

Solvate ionic liquids (SILs), comprising long-lived, Li solvate cations and counter anions, serve as highly Li-ion-conductive and non-flammable electrolytes for use in lithium secondary batteries.
Manufacturing of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)-based hollow microvessels using microfluidics
Authors: Aykar Saurabh S. , Reynolds David E. , McNamara Marilyn C. , Hashemi Nicole N.
Published: January 2020

Biocompatible and self-standing poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)-based hollow microvessels were fabricated from a microfluidic device using microfluidic principles.
Dual Lewis site creation for activation of methanol on Fe3O4(111) thin films
Authors: Xu Fang , Chen Wei , Walenta Constantin A. , O'Connor Christopher R. , Friend Cynthia M.
Published: January 2020

Adjacent oxygen adatoms and lattice iron atoms on magnetite surfaces serve as dual Lewis sites that oxidize methanol to formaldehyde.
Self-assembly of magnetic colloids with radially shifted dipoles
Authors: Victoria-Camacho Jonathan A. , DeLaCruz-Araujo Ronal A. , Kretzschmar Ilona , Córdova-Figueroa Ubaldo M.
Published: January 2020

The effect of dipolar shift on the rate of aggregation (tz), the aggregation modes and structure of clusters is studied.
Fabrication of a freestanding metal organic framework predominant hollow fiber mat and its potential applications in gas separation and catalysis
Authors: Dai Zijian , Lee Dennis T. , Shi Kaihang , Wang Siyao , Barton Heather F. , Zhu Jie , Yan Jiaqi , Ke Qinfei , Parsons Gregory N.
Published: January 2020

Freestanding MOF predominant hollow fiber mats are fabricatedviaan oxide-to-MOF conversion approach. The unique hollow fiber mats show promising potential in CO2adsorption, CO2/N2separation, and VOC abatement applications.
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation on low-bandgap black zirconia (ZrO2) produced by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Wang Qing , Edalati Kaveh , Koganemaru Yuta , Nakamura Shohei , Watanabe Motonori , Ishihara Tatsumi , Horita Zenji
Published: January 2020

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation on low-bandgap black ZrO2 produced by high-pressure torsion.
A nanoconfined iron(iii) fluoride cathode in a NaDFOB electrolyte: towards high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sun Zifei , Fu Wenbin , Liu Michael. Z. , Lu Peilin , Zhao Enbo , Magasinski Alexandre , Liu Mengting , Luo Shunrui , McDaniel Jesse , Yushin Gleb
Published: January 2020

Iron(iii) fluoride (FeF3) is considered a potential cathode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high capacity and low cost.
Unraveling the dissolution mechanism of platinum and silver electrodes during composite electrodeposition in a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Xiong Xiaolu , Zou Xingli , Ding Kai , Pang Zhongya , Xu Qian , Zhou Zhongfu , Lu Xionggang
Published: January 2020

A three-dimensional Ni–AC–Ag–Pt composite with enhanced catalytic performance for HER has been deposited through the dissolution of Pt counter and Ag reference electrodes in a deep eutectic solvent, and the dissolution mechanism has been proposed.
Novel perylene probe-encapsulated metal–organic framework nanocomposites for ratiometric fluorescence detection of ATP
Authors: Zhou Xiaomeng , Li Juanmin , Tan Li-Li , Li Qiang , Shang Li
Published: January 2020

Schematic illustration of PDI@ZIF-8 nanocomposite synthesis and ratiometric fluorescence assay for ATP sensing. 2-MIm: 2-methylimidazole.
A FRET-based supramolecular nanoprobe with switch on red fluorescence to detect SO2 derivatives in living cells
Authors: Jia Lu , Niu Li-Ya , Wang Ling-Yun , Wang Xinxin , Yang Qing-Zheng
Published: January 2020

A fluorescent nanoprobe for detection of SO2, an important gasotransmitter, is reported.
Dual-source vacuum deposition of pure and mixed halide 2D perovskites: thin film characterization and processing guidelines
Authors: La-Placa Maria-Grazia , Guo Dengyang , Gil-Escrig Lidón , Palazon Francisco , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J.
Published: January 2020

Vacuum deposited 2D perovskites show high crystallinity at low temperatures. Mixed halide and wide bandgap compounds, however, can be challenging to obtain.
A designed and potentially decadentate ligand for use in lanthanide(iii) catalysed biomass transformations: targeting diastereoselectivetrans-4,5-diaminocyclopentenone derivatives
Authors: Peewasan Krisana , Merkel Marcel P. , Fuhr Olaf , Powell Annie K.
Published: January 2020

The catalysis of furfural to diastereoselectivetrans-4,5-diaminocyclopentenone building blocks for natural product synthesis for a wide range of amines was achieved under mild aerobic conditions.
Mixed crystal formation of two gold isocyanide complexes with various ratios for continuous tuning of photophysical properties
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Toyoshima Naoki , Ito Hajime
Published: January 2020

Mixed crystals composed of two distinct gold isocyanide complexes are reported.
Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles to identify key genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jin Yu , Qin Xing
Published: January 2020

DNA methylation has been demonstrated to play significant roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, methylation microarray dataset (GSE87053) and gene expression microarray dataset (GSE23558) were downloaded from GEO database and analyzed through R language. A total of 255 hypermethylated-downregulated genes and 114 hypomethylated-upregulated genes were finally identified. Functional enrichment analyses were performed and a comprehensive protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Subsequently, the top ten hub genes selected by Cytoscape software were subjected to further analyses. It was illustrated that the expression level of CSF2, CTLA4, ETS1, PIK3CD, and CFTR was intimately associated with HNSCC. Survival analysis suggested that CTLA4 and FGFR2 could serve as effective independent prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC patients. Overall, our study lay a groundwork for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC carcinogenesis, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
Improved space charge transport model in bi‐layer dielectrics—considering carrier dynamic equilibrium
Authors: Liang Hucheng , Du Boxue , Li Jin , Yao Hang , Wang Zehua
Published: January 2020

The Maxwell–Wagner model and bipolar charge transport model both aim at describing the charge transport behaviours in dielectrics. The Maxwell–Wagner model performs well in calculating the polarisation current and electric field distribution, but it is too macroscopic to describe the microscopic behaviours of space charges. The bipolar charge transport model can well simulate the space charge accumulation, but it cannot quantitatively relate the microscopic transport behaviours with the macroscopic conductivities of dielectrics. Considering the shortages of the above two models, an improved charge transport model, named carrier dynamic equilibrium model, was proposed in this study to simulate the polarisation process of the low‐density polyethylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer bi‐layer dielectric by introducing a source term of carrier dynamic equilibrium. Effects of carrier mobility and non‐equilibrium carrier lifetime on the simulation results were explored, and a comparison among the results of measurement and different models was also made. Compared with the Maxwell–Wagner model and bipolar charge transport model, the improved model has the best coincidence with measurements, which can provide an accurate reference for the design of high‐voltage direct current insulation systems.
Family of modular, extendable and high gain dc–dc converter with switched inductor and switched capacitor cells
Authors: Tewari Nilanjan , Thazhathu Sreedevi Vellithiruthi
Published: January 2020

This study presents a family of novel high gain non‐isolated hybrid dc–dc converter for dc micro grid application. The proposed family of the converter is developed by employing both inductor‐capacitor‐inductor (LCL) based switched inductor (SI) and switched capacitor (SC) technique to achieve high voltage gain. Appropriate increase in the number of LCL‐based SI cells in the power circuits in order to achieve ultra‐high voltage gain allows formulating a generalised structure of the circuit. Incorporation of SI & SC techniques and the structure of the circuit with one stage power transfer ensure high voltage gain at low voltage stress across the switches and diodes. The study includes the principle of operation, steady‐state analysis and performance analysis in detail for the converters. Experimental results from the developed hardware prototype of 380 V/250 W validate the adopted concept, design and exemplify that the proposed family of converter operates at a full load efficiency of 94%.
Robust AD for LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter with capacitor current quasi‐integral feedback
Authors: He Shiming , Xiong Jian , Wang Ze , Lin Shengchao
Published: January 2020

Considering the time delay introduced by the digital control, it turns out that capacitor current proportional feedback active damping (AD) is equivalent to a frequency‐dependent virtual impedance in parallel with the filter capacitor. Unstable open‐loop poles will arise due to the presence of virtual negative resistor, which causes that the system stability is highly sensitive to grid‐impedance variation. Therefore, this study proposes a novel capacitor current quasi‐integral feedback AD method. Theoretical analysis shows the proposed AD method can extend the region of the virtual positive resistor, i.e. damping region to the half of sampling frequency (fs/2). Hence, strong robustness against the grid‐impedance variation is achieved. Finally, experimental results including the proposed AD method as well as capacitor current proportional feedback AD method are given and compared, which validates the superior damping performance of the proposed scheme.
Robust MMSOGI‐FLL control algorithm for power quality improvement of solar PV‐SyRG pico hydro‐BES based islanded microgrid with dynamic load
Authors: Sharma Rohini , Kewat Seema , Singh Bhim
Published: January 2020

The islanded microgrids are vulnerable to stability problems during high penetration of dynamic loads like induction motors (IMs), which results in continuous oscillations in voltage and frequency, resulting in disturbances in the islanded microgrid. In this work, a modified multi‐second‐order generalised frequency locked loop (MMSOGI‐FLL) control algorithm is implemented. This control provides a fast response of the power converter; thereby the microgrid voltage/frequency are stabilised rapidly. Besides, the control also provides the dynamic reactive power for the sudden start of an IM load and regulates the common coupling point voltage in the islanded system. The MMSOGI‐FLL control also provides harmonics elimination, fast convergence, DC offset removal and reactive power compensation in the islanded system. The implemented islanded system is a combination of a pico‐hydro‐based synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG), solar photovoltaic (PV) array and a battery energy storage (BES). The BES is connected at DC link to maintain the power equilibrium under a change in the load and power generation. Moreover, the system used in this work is proficient in feeding the non‐linear load and dynamic load of an IM. The performance of this standalone microgrid is validated with extensive tests on the developed prototype, which meets the power quality requirement of the 1547.4 standards.
ALMA reveals a large structured disk and nested rotating outflows in DG Tauri B
Authors: de Valon A. , Dougados C. , Cabrit S. , Louvet F. , Zapata L. A. , Mardones D.
Published: January 2020

We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations at 14−20 au spatial resolution of the disk and CO(2-1) outflow around the Class I protostar DG Tau B in Taurus. The disk is very large, both in dust continuum (Reff, 95% = 174 au) and CO (RCO = 700 au). It shows Keplerian rotation around a 1.1 ± 0.2 M⊙ central star and two dust emission bumps at r = 62 and 135 au. These results confirm that large structured disks can form at an early stage where residual infall is still ongoing. The redshifted CO outflow at high velocity shows a striking hollow cone morphology out to 3000 au with a shear-like velocity structure within the cone walls. These walls coincide with the scattered light cavity, and they appear to be rooted within < 60 au in the disk. We confirm their global average rotation in the same sense as the disk, with a specific angular momentum ≃65 au km s−1. The mass-flux rate of 1.7−2.9 × 10−7 M⊙ yr−1 is 35 ± 10 times that in the atomic jet. We also detect a wider and slower outflow component surrounding this inner conical flow, which also rotates in the same direction as the disk. Our ALMA observations therefore demonstrate that the inner cone walls, and the associated scattered light cavity, do not trace the interface with infalling material, which is shown to be confined to much wider angles (> 70°). The properties of the conical walls are suggestive of the interaction between an episodic inner jet or wind with an outer disk wind, or of a massive disk wind originating from 2 to 5 au. However, further modeling is required to establish their origin. In either case, such massive outflow may significantly affect the disk structure and evolution.
Distinguishing freezing and thawing dark energy models through measurements of the fine-structure constant
Authors: Vilas Boas J. M. A. , Magano D. M. N. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Barbecho A. , Serrano C.
Published: January 2020

Mapping the behaviour of dark energy is a pressing task for observational cosmology. Phenomenological classification divides dynamical dark energy models into freezing and thawing, depending on whether the dark energy equation of state is approaching or moving away from w = p/ρ = −1. Moreover, in realistic dynamical dark energy models the dynamical degree of freedom is expected to couple to the electromagnetic sector, leading to variations of the fine-structure constant α. We discuss the feasibility of distinguishing between the freezing and thawing classes of models with current and forthcoming observational facilities and using a parametrisation of the dark energy equation of state, which can have either behaviour, introduced by Mukhanov as fiducial paradigm. We illustrate how freezing and thawing models lead to different redshift dependencies of α, and use a combination of current astrophysical observations and local experiments to constrain this class of models, improving the constraints on the key coupling parameter by more than a factor of two, despite considering a more extended parameter space than the one used in previous studies. We also briefly discuss the improvements expected from future facilities and comment on the practical limitations of this class of parametrisations. In particular, we show that sufficiently sensitive data can distinguish between freezing and thawing models, at least if one assumes that the relevant parameter space does not include phantom dark energy models.
Safety Evaluation of Hyperbolic Arch Aqueduct Using Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Deng Chengfa , Xu Chang , Xie Qi , Peng Qiang
Published: January 2020

The safety evaluation of the aqueduct in many years of operation is often performed to determine the structural operational behaviour so as to provide a scientific basis for further reinforcement or reconstruction. The missing of the original design data due to the long construction period provides great challenging in the structural safety evaluation of the aqueduct. Taking a hyperbolic arch aqueduct in China as an example, we first rebuilt the aqueduct model using the three-dimensional (3D) point cloud from the three-dimensional laser scanning technology. Coupled with the on-site safety inspection, the 3D finite element analysis was then performed to learn the stress performance of the aqueduct body and its supporting structures, so as to achieve the purpose of safety evaluation of aqueduct structure in a whole.
Derivation of the unified equation of axial compression of CFST columns
Authors: Zhou Ruoyang , Zha Xiaoxiong
Published: January 2020

The steel tube concrete columns with steel reinforcement cages, steel plates and steel tubes has been used in super high-rise buildings, which are called concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns with internal stiffeners. Based on the theory of limit equilibrium, the unified equation for the axial bearing capacity of the CFST columns with internal stiffeners is obtained. The derived equation in this study can provide reference for the future engineering applications.
Research on q-p-shaped elevated traffic system in wetland and forest parks
Authors: Kang Ning , Liu Yan , Zhang Qi
Published: January 2020

Ecological protection is the basis of the construction of wetland and forest parks and therefore any development and utilization should take it as the premise. The traffic system planning and positioning of wetland and forest parks should also follow this principle. The establishment of the q-p-shaped elevated traffic system equipped with ring elevated passage and local installation of ground and over-ground viewing platforms in whole park can achieve the diversion of commuter cars, bicycles and walking tourists which is conducive to solving the problems of patch fragmentation, human activities interference and single viewing form in wetland construction. In this paper, the ways of creating q-p-shaped elevated traffic system is introduced in detail and this study can provide reference for the planning and design of wetland and forest parks.
Selenium Fractionation and Speciation in Paddy Soils and Accumulation in Rice Under Field Conditions in Jinhua Zhejinang Province, China
Authors: Shao Yixian , Xie Bangting , Li Mengqi , Zhang Xiang , Xiao Hua
Published: January 2020

Soils, as well as paddy tissue samples, were collected in the Se-rich area of Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province, China. Sequential extraction procedure was used for selenium (Se) fractionation, including soluble Se, exchangeable Se, carbonate-bound Se, iron and manganese oxide-bound Se, humic acids-bound Se, organic matter-bound Se, and the residual Se fraction. The results showed that soluble Se, exchangeable Se, carbonate-bound Se, iron and manganese oxide-bound Se fractions accounted for less than 2% of the total Se, respectively. Organic matter-bound Se was the dominant fractions. The average concentrations (mg kg−1) of Se in the paddy tissues were 0.069 in seed, 0.263 in root, 0.09 in stalk, and 0.17 in leaf. The organic matter-bound Se had a significant indirect effect on Se accumulation in paddy tissues. In conclusion, organic matter-bound Se was an important fraction and source of plant Se in agricultural soil.
Sea Ice Automatic Extraction in the Liaodong Bay from Sentinel-2 Imagery Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Zherui Li , Huiwen Cai
Published: January 2020

Sea ice classification is one of the important tasks of sea ice monitoring. Accurate extraction of sea ice types is of great significance on sea ice conditions assessment, smooth navigation and safty marine operations. Sentinel-2 is an optical satellite launched by the European Space Agency. High spatial resolution and wide range imaging provide powerful support for sea ice monitoring. However, traditional supervised classification method is difficult to achieve fine results for small sample features. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposed a sea ice extraction method based on deep learning and it was applied to Liaodong Bay in Bohai Sea, China. The convolutional neural network was used to extract and classify the feature of the image from Sentinel-2. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the algorithm was 85.79% which presented a significant improvement compared with the tranditional algorithms, such as minimum distance method, maximum likelihood method, Mahalanobis distance method, and support vector machine method. The method proposed in this paper, which combines convolutional neural networks and high-resolution multispectral data, provides a new idea for remote sensing monitoring of sea ice.
Evaluation on the Energy Efficiency for Chinese cities
Authors: Siwei Han , Linyu Wang , Lei Guo , Shuai Liu , Guojun Song , Tianyi Song
Published: January 2020

This study fully considers the incomparable factors in city's energy efficiency assessment, and proposes a framework for city's energy efficiency assessment based on classification. In the process of classifying cities, the SVM method is used to establish a quantitative relationship model between relevant factors and city's energy consumption. Based on the model, the objective energy demand of the city is calculated, and the city is classified according to the level of objective energy demand. By comparing the actual energy consumption of the city with the objective energy demand, we can eliminate the interference of the incomparable factors on the city's energy efficiency assessment.
Discussion on ecotourism management of Giant Panda National Park in China
Authors: Duan Xiaoyu , Yang Shuhui
Published: January 2020

The Giant Panda National Park is one of the important contents in the construction of a natural reserve system based on national parks in China. It undertakes the responsibility of biodiversity conservation based on giant pandas, and takes into account functions such as recreation, science, and education. On the basis of protecting ecological integrity, the development of eco-tourism is an important issue to be considered in the construction of national parks. This paper combines the current status and trends of ecotourism development in national parks at home and abroad, and summarizes the advantages and existing problems of ecotourism in Giant Panda National Park, and discusses the development direction and construction content of ecotourism management.
Exploration on development mode of material and energy circulating metabolism on university campus:a case study of Chang’an campus of Northwest Polytechnical University
Authors: Xijie He , Ying Li
Published: January 2020

Every university campus usually bears the living consumption of materials and energy for thousands of people, and the linear metabolism aggravates the waste of materials and energy,and worsens the environmental pressure. However,the university campus can provide the additional site for the cycle facilities of the material and energy because of its abundant occupied land and low building density.Hence,the Chang’an campus of northwest polytechnic university will be studied as a typical case,and the development mode of material and energy circulating metabolism will be explored on the basis of the perspective of architecture and the focus point of material and energy circulating metabolism.The findings in this study will provide a new insight into developing the ecological mode of colleges and universities, thus propose a new solution to the ecological crisis.
Impact of psychological contract in knowledge sharing: A case study from Industrial Cluster Enterprises
Authors: Lan Juanli , Wang Bingxuan , Hu Bingkun , Lei Hongzhen
Published: January 2020

Psychological contract plays a critical role in knowledge sharing. In this paper, we have analyzed the influence of psychological contract and affective commitment to knowledge sharing in China. After using AMOS software for data processing by employing data on the questionnaire, which indicated that there are high consistency and stability and good convergence validity and construction reliability among variables, the multiple Ordinary Least Square(OLS) method was utilized in the study. There are 183 questionnaires were received in the experiment. After analysis, 157 questionnaires were valid for the research; the effective recovery rate was about to 86%. Based on the study, the conclusion could be conducted that the relationship contract and development contract of enterprise technical staff have positive impacts to knowledge sharing, On the contrary, the transaction contract has a negative impact to knowledge sharing.
Absolute calibration of the polarisation angle for future CMB B-mode experiments from current and future measurements of the Crab nebula
Authors: Aumont J. , Ritacco A. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Ponthieu N. , Mangilli A.
Published: January 2020

A tremendous international effort is currently dedicated to observing the so-called primordial B modes of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarisation. If measured, this faint signal imprinted by the primordial gravitational wave background, would be an evidence of the inflation epoch and quantify its energy scale, providing a rigorous test of fundamental physics far beyond the reach of accelerators. At the unprecedented sensitivity level that the new generation of CMB experiments aims to reach, every uncontrolled instrumental systematic effect will potentially result in an analysis bias that is larger than the much sought-after CMB B-mode signal. The absolute calibration of the polarisation angle is particularly important in this sense, as any associated error will end up in a leakage from the much larger E modes into B modes. The Crab nebula (Tau A), with its bright microwave synchrotron emission, is one of the few objects in the sky that can be used as absolute polarisation calibrators. In this communication, we review the best current constraints on its polarization angle from 23 to 353 GHz, at typical angular scales for CMB observations, from WMAP, IRAM XPOL, Planck and NIKA data. We will show that these polarization angle measurements are compatible with a constant angle and we will present a study of the uncertainty on this mean angle, making different considerations on how to combine the individual measurement errors. For each of the cases, the potential impact on the CMB B-mode spectrum and on the recovered r parameter will be explored.
Cosmological implications of a modified galaxy cluster pressure profile using the Planck tSZ power spectrum
Authors: Ruppin F. , Mayet F. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Perotto L.
Published: January 2020

The mean pressure profile of the cluster population is a key element in cosmological analyses based on surveys of galaxy clusters observed through the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. A variation of both the shape and the amplitude of this profile could explain part of the discrepancy currently observed between the cosmological constraints obtained from the analyses of the CMB primary anisotropies and those from cluster abundance in SZ surveys for a fixed mass bias parameter. We study the cosmological implications of a modification of the mean pressure profile through the analysis of the SZ power spectrum measured by Planck. We define two mean pressure profiles on either side of the one obtained from the observation of nearby clusters by Planck. The parameters of these profiles are chosen to ensure their compatibility with the distributions of pressure and gas mass fraction profiles observed at low redshift. We find significant differences between the cosmological parameters obtained by using these two profiles to fit the Planck SZ power spectrum and those found in previous analyses. We conclude that a ∼15% decrease of the amplitude of the mean normalized pressure profile is sufficient to alleviate the discrepancy observed between the constraints of σ8 and Ωm from the CMB and cluster analyses.
Long-term wind induced internal response mechanisms at Meiliang Bay of large, shallow Lake Taihu
Authors: Jalil Abdul , Zhang Ke , Qi Ling , Li Yiping
Published: January 2020

The internal response of shallow lakes to external factors is very important to investigate for understanding their role in long-term changes of the shallow lake ecosystem. The current study investigated the impacts of long-term wind dynamics on in-lake processes of the degraded shallow lake. The long-term high-frequency wind field, water quality, and Chlorophyll-a data analysis showed that there were two groups of variables found with higher internal similarity at Meiliang bay of large, shallow Lake Taihu. The temporal trends of wind, temperature, and Chl-a found highly consistent while dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended solids (SS) and Secchi depth were not significantly correlated in long-term temporal trends analysis. The results showed that Chl-a and other shallow lake ecosystem variables (abiotic) are strongly related to long-term wind field. The changes in nutrients and lower mixing scenarios trigger the growth of Chl-a and onshore lower winds help in the formation of colonies. There was a shift in wind and internal response variables before and after 2006. Wind and internal water quality parameters were highly variable before 2006 whereas, decline in wind speeds along with stable wind directional switching caused intense blooms formation along with thermal stratification (warming) for a longer period of time (after 2006) in the shoreline areas. The current study can help to understand the internal ecosystem response mechanisms in long-term interactions with wind field to control the eutrophication and algal blooms.
Spot weld bonding − process behavior of three-sheet steel stack‑ups and analysis strategies with online measuring methods
Authors: Brechelt Sascha , Neef Philipp , Wiche Henning , Wesling Volker
Published: January 2020

Due to the increased demands for reducing CO2emissions, improving fuel efficiency of modern vehicles has been continuously monitored. The body of a typical compact car design has a weight share of approx. 40%. In addition to increasing torsional stiffness and crash safety of the body, the aim is also to reduce the overall weight at the same time. In order to achieve these individual requirements, the use of three-sheet steel stack-ups with adhesive applications for car body construction is one of the current strategies used in automobile manufacturing. Adhesive applications lead to a change in process behavior of resistance spot welding. The effective weldability lobe is reduced and an adjusted preheat current is necessary to reconstitute the weldability of a component. Depending on squeeze time and electrode force the adhesive will be displaced. For an asymmetric sheet stack-up, the electrical resistance for every faying surface is highly differentiated. During welding, a specific characteristic of the electrical resistance is created for each individual material combination. These characteristics can be analyzed by using an online measurement device. In this manuscript, different sheet stack-ups are examined with regard to their weldability lobes and their process behavior. The individual three-sheet steel stack-ups used are made of low carbon steel (DX51), HSLA-steel (HX340) and UHS-steel (22MnB5). The corresponding characteristics of electrical resistance will be recorded by using an online measurement device. In addition, the process of adhesive displacement during the squeeze time and the initial welding current are discussed on the basis of the electrical energy generated in the component to be welded. The obtained results contribute to a direct verification of the welding process and an automatic detection of possible imperfect welds.
Thermal characterization of a new bio-composite building material based on plaster and waste chicken feathers
Authors: Ouakarrouch Mohamed , Laaroussi Najma , Garoum Mohammed
Published: January 2020

The building materials used in Morocco characterized by a low thermal resistance which generates a huge expense in terms of energy consumption. Promoting new sustainable construction and insulation materials become a necessity. This research study aimed to develop the thermal proprieties of plaster building material by mixing it with waste chicken feathers (WCF) in order to be used as wall exterior rendering. For the purpose of determining the thermal properties of the biocomposite material Plaster-WCF, several experimental measurements of thermophysical proprieties had been performed in order to determine apparent density, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity using the hot plate method in steady-state regime and the Flash method, respectively. The results showed that the addition of waste chicken feathers leads to a remarkable reduction in apparent density of about 12.3%, the thermal conductivity and diffusivity have been reduced by about 30.2% and 18%, respectively, which shows the interest of using this biocomposite material in the construction buildings in order to ensure thermal comfort and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2).
Reizdarm
Authors: Trebin Ernst
Published: January 2020

Unter einem Reizdarmsyndrom versteht man rein funktionelle Störungen des Magen-Darm-Traktes nach Ausschluss entzündlicher oder morphologischer Veränderungen. Der Übergang zu tieferen Pathologien ist aber fließend, die anzuwendenden homöopathischen Arzneien gleichen sich. Ein psychischer Stressfaktor spielt im Allgemeinen eine wichtige Rolle. Bei singulären Ereignissen bieten sich vor allem Arzneien pflanzlichen Ursprungs an, bei chronischer Erkrankungsneigung eher mineralischer Herkunft. Angststörungen haben große Bedeutung bei dem Krankheitsbild.
Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota Following Changes in Training
Volume Among Swimmers
Authors: Hampton-Marcell Jarrad Timothy , Eshoo Tifani W. , Cook Marc D. , Gilbert Jack A. , Horswill Craig A. , Poretsky Rachel
Published: January 2020

Exercise can influence gut microbial community structure and diversity; however,
the temporal dynamics of this association have rarely been explored. Here we
characterized fecal microbiota in response to short term changes in training
volume. Fecal samples, body composition, and training logs were collected from
Division I NCAA collegiate swimmers during peak training through their in-season
taper in 2016 (n=9) and 2017 (n=7), capturing a systematic
reduction in training volume near the conclusion of their athletic season. Fecal
microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing and
multivariate statistical analysis, Spearman rank correlations, and random forest
models. Peak training volume, measured as swimming distance, decreased
significantly during the study period from
32.6±4.8 km/wk to 11.3±8.1 km/wk
(ANOVA, p<0.05); however, body composition showed no significant
changes. Coinciding with the decrease in training volume, the microbial
community structure showed a significant decrease in overall microbial
diversity, a decrease in microbial community structural similarity, and a
decrease in the proportion of the bacterial genera Faecalibacterium and
Coprococcus. Together these data demonstrate a significant
association between short-term changes in training volume and microbial
composition and structure in the gut; future research will establish whether
these changes are associated with energy balance or nutrient intake.
Die Asiatische Tigermücke (Aedes albopictus) als Herausforderung für den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst – Exemplarische Darstellung eines situationsadaptierten Risikomanagements auf lokaler Ebene
Authors: Stich Heribert , Just Frank , Bothe Kai , Wicklein Bernd
Published: January 2020

Ziel der Studie Exemplarischer Fallbericht zum Risikomanagement einer infektionsepidemiologischen Bedrohungslage auf Stadtebene am Beispiel der Asiatischen Tigermücke (AT) mit Vermittlung von Erfahrungswerten an Akteure innerhalb des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD).

Methodik Formale und inhaltliche Darstellung eines Maßnahmenkataloges definierter Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen nebst ortsspezifischer Modifikation und Bewertung der Effektivität.

Ergebnisse Basierend auf einer zeitnahen Aufklärungsarbeit konnte die Etablierung einer erstmals im Herbst 2016 beobachteten Population der AT auf lokaler Ebene verhindert werden. Unter begünstigenden niedrigen Außentemperaturen während der Wintermonate 2016/2017 kamen primär physikalische Bekämpfungsmethoden zum Einsatz. Im Frühjahr 2017 konnten unter Verwendung von insgesamt 4 Monitoring-Einheiten mit jeweils einer Einsaugfalle und 3 Passivfallen keine AT mehr nachgewiesen werden. Auch in der Folgezeit bis einschließlich Frühjahr 2019 wurden keine invasiven Mückenspezies mehr auf dem ursprünglich betroffenen Friedhof, in angrenzenden Wohngebieten und Freizeitanlagen vorgefunden. In der Gesamtsicht konnte unter Zusammenarbeit von externen Experten und Akteuren des ÖGD auf individualmedizinischer Ebene einer insektenassoziierten Infektion der ortsständigen Bevölkerung vorgebeugt werden, wobei sich ein sukzessives Vorgehen nach definierten Kriterien bei der Insektenbekämpfung als effektiv und effizient erwies.

Schlussfolgerung Das Auftreten der AT stellt ein primär lokales Geschehen dar, das einer differenzierten Abwägung zwischen einem konkreten und einem abstrakten Gefahrenpotenzial durch die regionalen Gesundheitsbehörden bedarf. Neben objektiver und zeitnaher Aufklärung der betroffenen Bevölkerung als vertrauensbildende Maßnahme sind physikalische Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen im Sinne von Barriere-Maßnahmen effektiv, auch wenn chemische und biologische Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen im Bedarfsfalle ergänzend zum Einsatz kommen können.
Patchouli Oil Attenuates High Fat Diet-induced Non-alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Xu Nan , Wu Xue , Luo Hui-Juan , Xu Fang-Fang , Huang Qiong-Hui , Wu Jia-Zhen , Gan Yu-Xuan , Li Min-Yao , Lai Zheng-Quan , Lin Hui-Ran , Chen Jian-Nan , Su Zi-Ren , Ai Wei-Peng , Liu Yu-Hong
Published: January 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Nevertheless, no first-line therapy exists. Hepatic steatosis is the earliest stage of NAFLD, which is characterized by an accumulation of hepatic lipids. Patchouli oil (PO), which is isolated from the well-known Chinese herb named Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae), inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation effectively. However, its potential ability for the treatment of NAFLD had not been reported before. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of PO against hepatic steatosis and its underlying mechanisms. We used a high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis model of rats to estimate the effect of PO against NAFLD. Hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining were used to analyze the hepatic histopathological changes. ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting analysis were applied to evaluate the parameters for hepatic steatosis. Our results showed that PO significantly attenuated the lipid profiles and the serum enzymes, evidenced by quantitative and histopathological analyses. It also markedly down-regulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREPB-1c) with its downstream factors in de novo lipogenesis. And, likewise, in lipid export by very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), related molecules were dramatically improved. Furthermore, PO observably normalized the aberrant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) signal in fatty acids oxidation. In conclusion, PO exerted a preventing effect against HFD-induced steatosis and might be due to decrease de novo lipogenesis, promote export of lipids, as well as owing to improve fatty acids oxidation.
Development of a Divergent Route to Erythrina Alkaloids
Authors: Kristensen Jesper L. , Clementson Sebastian , Jessing Mikkel , Vital Paulo J.
Published: January 2020

Erythrina alkaloids were identified at the end of the 19th century and today, more than 100 members of the erythrinane family have been isolated. They are characterized by a unique tetracyclic, α-tertiary spiroamine scaffold. Herein we detail our efforts towards the development of a divergent enantioselective synthesis of (+)-dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) – one of the most prominent members of this intriguing family of natural products.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Strategy

2.1 First Generation

2.2 Second Generation

2.3 Third Generation

2.3.1 Radical Endgame

2.3.2 Completion of the Total Synthesis

3 Conclusion
Substrate-Selectivity in Catalytic Photooxygenation Processes Using a Quinine-BODIPY System
Authors: Fischer Jérôme , Serier-Brault Hélène , Nun Pierrick , Coeffard Vincent
Published: January 2020

Substrate selectivity by means of synthetic catalysts remains a challenging topic in chemistry. Here, a catalytic system combining an iodo-BODIPY photosensitizer and quinine was evaluated in the competitive photooxygenation of non-hydrogen and hydrogen-bond-donor substrates. The ability of quinine to activate hydrogen-bond-donor substrates towards photooxygenation was reported and the results were benchmarked with photooxygenation experiments in the absence of quinine.
DLK1, Notch Signaling and the Timing of Puberty
Authors: Macedo Delanie B. , Kaiser Ursula B.
Published: January 2020

The factors that trigger human puberty are among the central mysteries of reproductive biology. Several approaches, including mutational analysis of candidate genes, large-scale genome-wide association studies, whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing have been performed in attempts to identify novel genetic factors that modulate the human hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis to result in premature sexual development. Genetic abnormalities involving excitatory and inhibitory pathways regulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion, represented by the kisspeptin (KISS1 and KISS1R) and makorin ring finger 3 (MKRN3) systems, respectively, have been associated with sporadic and familial cases of central precocious puberty (CPP). More recently, paternally inherited genetic defects of DLK1 were identified in four families with nonsyndromic CPP and a metabolic phenotype. DLK1 encodes a transmembrane protein that is important for adipose tissue homeostasis and neurogenesis and is located in the imprinted chromosome 14q32 region associated with Temple syndrome. In this review, we highlight the clinical and genetic features of patients with CPP caused by DLK1 mutations and explore the involvement of Notch signaling and DLK1 in the control of pubertal onset.
Subhepatic caecum and appendix - a rare variant in an adult male cadaver
Authors: Savithri P.
Published: January 2020

In unusual cases of malrotation or incomplete rotation of caecum , the appendix is not located in the lower right quadrant. When the caecum is high [subhepatic caecum] the appendix is located in the right hypochondriac region and the pain in these cases is located there, not in the lower right quadrant. In this position , the symptoms and signs of acute appendicitis may mimic acute cholecystitis, diagnosis in such cases is a great diagnostic challenge. The author observed this less frequent anomaly in a middle aged male cadaver. After opening the abdomen while tracing peritoneal reflections abnormality was identified. The caecum and appendix were present in relation with inferior surface of liver. Embryologically, the caecal swelling appears as a small conical dilation of the caudal limb of primitive intestinal loop and it is the last part of the gut to reenter the abdominal cavity. It is temporarily located in the right upper quadrant directly below the right lobe of liver. From here it descends into the right iliac fossa. The failure to descend leads to subhepatic caecum.
Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy via an Eyebrow Incision: Management of the Opened Frontal Sinus
Authors: Peters David R. , Payne Caitlin , Wait Scott D.
Published: January 2020

Background The eyebrow orbitozygomatic craniotomy is a minimally invasive approach that can access a wide variety of lesions. Unintentional breach of the frontal sinus frequently occurs and has been cited as a reason to avoid this approach. Lack of access to a large pericranial graft and the inability to completely cranialize the sinus requires alternate techniques of sinus repair. We describe a technique for repairing an opened frontal sinus and retrospectively reviewed complications related to this approach.

Methods All patients, who underwent an orbitozygomatic craniotomy via an eyebrow incision by a single surgeon from August 1, 2012 to August 31, 2018, were included in this retrospective analysis. Data were collected on patient demographics, pathology treated, operative details, and perioperative morbidity. Follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 6 years.

Results Total 50 patients with a wide variety of pathologies underwent analysis. Frontal sinus breach occurred in 21 patients. All were repaired by the described technique. One patient (ruptured aneurysm) had a suspected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak postoperatively that resolved without any additional intervention. One patient developed a pneumomeningocele 4 years postoperatively that required reoperation. No patient suffered any infection or delayed CSF leak.

Conclusion Breach of the frontal sinus is common during eyebrow craniotomies. Despite reduced options for local repair, these patients have experienced no CSF leaks requiring intervention and no infections in our series. Long-term mucocele risk is not reliably determined with our length of follow-up. Breach of the frontal sinus is not a contraindication to the eyebrow approach.
The Effect of Timing of Surgery in Pituitary Apoplexy on Continuously Valued Visual Acuity
Authors: Kelly Patrick D. , Fernando Shanik J. , Malenke Jordan A. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Turner Justin H. , Chambless Lola B.
Published: January 2020

Background Pituitary apoplexy is often treated urgently, but this is based on studies which assess vision categorically and dichotomizes the time interval between symptom onset and surgery which may introduce bias in measuring an association between the two.

Objective This study was aimed to assess for a relationship between continuously valued surgery delay and visual acuity recovery after pituitary apoplexy.

Methods In this retrospective study, all patients presenting with symptomatic pituitary apoplexy between 2004 and 2016 were identified from an institutional database. The primary endpoint was visual acuity improvement, measured as the difference in acuity from the pre- to postoperative period, and measured in Logarithm of the Minimal Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) units. Analysis was performed using continuous values of time delay and visual acuity to assess for an underlying association.

Results Thirty-two pituitary apoplexy patients were identified. Visual acuity deficits were reported in 81%. The median visual acuity was 0.35 LogMAR (Snellen's fraction 20/40) preoperatively, and 0.1 (20/25) postoperatively (p < 0.01). The time between symptom onset and surgery was not associated with improvement in visual acuity (p = 0.46). When the time delay and visual outcome were intentionally dichotomized, patients undergoing surgery within 2 days of symptom onset had 0.21 times the odds of a good visual outcome (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–1.05).

Conclusion When assessed as continuously valued measures, the time from symptom onset to surgical intervention and the improvement in visual acuity are not associated, although intentional dichotomization of data produced conflicting results.