bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis The Use of Electronic Money in Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Mifta Qoirun Nisa , Oktavilia Shanty
Published: December 2020

E-money is an innovation of payment methods. A transaction using electronic money has more advantages than using cash. These advantages make electronic money transactions keep increasing. Currently, the increment of electronic money transactions didn’t follow by a reduction in the amount of money in circulation. This study aims to analyze the effect of macro instruments such as Gross Domestic Product, money supply (M1), inflation, and BI Rate on e-money transactions. This study focuses more on server-based electronic money and cash-substitution capabilities. This research uses quantitative methods using time-series data from January 2009 to December 2019, and the Error Correction Model Engle-Granger was employed. The results of the study show that the GDP variable in a short-run has an insignificant negative effect, while in a long-run has a positive effect, it is also significant on e-money transaction in Indonesia. The M1 variable in the short-run has an insignificant negative effect, while in the long-run, it has a significant negative effect on e-money in Indonesia. Inflation variables in both the short and long-run have an insignificant positive effect on e-money in Indonesia. The variable BI rate in the short and long-run have an insignificant negative effect on e-money in Indonesia.
Does supplementation with mitochondria improve oocyte competence? A systematic review
Authors: Ferreira Ana Filipa , Soares Maria , Almeida Reis Sandra , Ramalho-Santos João , Sousa Ana Paula , Almeida-Santos Teresa
Published: December 2020

Mitochondrial supplementation was proposed as a complementary treatment to assisted reproductive technologies to improve oocyte competence and support post-fertilization development. This strategy is based on the fact that poor-quality/aged oocytes contain lower and dysfunctional mitochondria. However, the efficacy and safety of mitochondrial supplementation are still controversial. Therefore, this review summarizes the clinical/biological outcomes of mitochondrial supplementation, aiming to improve oocyte competence or explore the safety of this technique, and was based on an online search using PubMed and Web of Science, until September 2019. The studies included reported outcomes related to the efficacy and safety of mitochondrial supplementation either in human or animal models (bovine, porcine and mouse). Extracted data were organized according to study objective, the mitochondrial source and the main outcomes: fertilization/pregnancy rates, embryo development and adverse outcomes. Clinical pregnancy was not improved in the only randomized controlled trial published, although an increase was demonstrated in other non-randomized studies. Fertilization rate and embryo development were not different from control groups in the majority of studies, although performed in different contexts and using diverse sources of mitochondria. The safety of mitochondria transfer is still a concern, however, the euploid rate and the absence of reported congenital malformation from the clinical studies are reassuring. In summary, mitochondrial supplementation does not seem to cause harm although the benefit of improving oocyte competence is still unclear due to the diversity of methodological approaches and low-quality of the data available. Analyzed data support the need to investigate further, in both pre-clinical and clinical contexts.
Why do developed economies become vulnerable to economic cycles
Authors: Mykhailyshyn Lilia , Vasylchenko Serhii
Published: December 2020

The possible reasons for the intensification of cyclical fluctuations of the economies of the developed countries in the last decade are analyzed in the article. At the same time, the countries with risky markets (emerging markets and developing economies) are experiencing lower GDP losses during cyclical reductions of the economy. This is particularly paradoxical in view of the fact that developed economies are generally considered to be more stable and competitive. Besides, during the twentieth century, mankind has accumulated considerable experience in counteracting the cyclical nature of national economies and learned to smooth the amplitude of cyclical fluctuations. The authors of the article put forward and substantiate the assumption that the reason for the increase in the amplitude of cyclical fluctuations, increase of the depth of cyclical fluctuations of economies of the developed countries compared to the countries with emerging markets and developing economies, is the significant difference in the structure of these economies. The significant predominance of the tertiary sector in the developed economies makes them more vulnerable to cyclical fluctuations due to the greater multiplier effect that is inherent in the tertiary sector industries compared to other sectors of the economy. The conducted correlation analysis showed the presence of the strong relationship between such parameters of the economy as the share of the tertiary sector in the economy and the percentage value of the predicted economic recession in 2020 in the developed economies and emerging markets and developing economies. But it is necessary to keep in mind that the autonomous cost multiplier works in the opposite direction, accelerating the economic decline during the economic cycle. That is why, in our opinion, measures of state regulation of the economy today should be increasingly aimed at regulating the tertiary sector to prevent the increasing cyclicality of the modern global economy, as the leading economic leaders themselves are often becoming generators of the business cycle due to economic financialization and tertiary sector growth in general.
Assessment of efficiency of agricultural enterprise management: methods and trend analysis
Authors: Yakubiv Valentyna , Yakubiv Roman , Maksymiv Yuliia , Hryhoruk Iryna , Popadynets Nazariy , Iwaszczuk Natalia
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes various scientific approaches to assessing the effectiveness of enterprise management. The advantages and disadvantages of using the four most common methods of assessing the effectiveness of enterprises are substantiated, such as 1) comprehensive assessment based on the methods of economic analysis; 2) analysis based on experimental estimates; 3) using the scoring method; 4) assessment based on testing. Given the fact that currently there is no single approach to assessing the effectiveness of enterprise management, including agricultural enterprises, the article proposes the author's method of assessing the effectiveness of management in agricultural enterprises. This methodology assumes that the effectiveness of management in agricultural enterprises is determined by integrating three indicators: economic efficiency of management, social efficiency of management, and organizational efficiency of management. The proposed methodology includes the gradual integration of partial 19 indicators in terms of economic, social, and organizational efficiency. Analysis of this phenomenon was conducted based on agricultural enterprises of the Ivano-Frankivsk region aimed at testing the developed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of management. The paper presents the research of the influence of the number of employees on the level of management efficiency in agricultural enterprises, the influence of enterprise size (by land area) on the level of management efficiency in agricultural enterprises, and the influence of average employment per 100 hectares of agricultural land on the level of agricultural management. The research was done using the grouping method. According to the results of the study, it was established that the developed methods for assessing the effectiveness of the management of agricultural enterprises can be used in practice.
Classification of strategies for socio-economic development of united territorial communities
Authors: Pylypiv Nadiya , Piatnychuk Iryna , Sologub Sviatoslav
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the classification of strategies for socio-economic development of united territorial communities in a dynamic business environment. The purpose of the article is to build a classification of strategies for socio-economic development of the united territorial communities to increase the effectiveness of their development and implementation in practice. Based on the conducted research, the author's vision of defining the essence of 'socio-economic development of united territorial communities' was formed. It will contribute to a clearer understanding of this category. We defined the characteristics that determine the socio-economic development of the united territorial community. We evaluated the dynamics of the process of creating territorial communities in Ukraine and identified opportunities for creating new communities. To build a strategy for the socio-economic development of united territorial communities that would meet the requirements of the modern business environment, as well as satisfy the expectations that are set for it, we systemized various types of strategies into classification groups. Among them: development strategies, strategies of management and utilization of united territorial communities resources, gender-oriented strategies, strategies to counter, strategies of the development of the economic sectors, strategies of the development of UTC areas, digitalization strategies, communication and information strategies,  management strategies, European integration strategies. The developed classification of strategies will contribute to a more accurate formation of strategic goals and actions, and contribute to the effective implementation and realization of the developed strategy of united territorial communities. The obtained results of the study serve as the basis for subsequent research in terms of ensuring the socio-economic development of united territorial communities.
Cross-border approach to regions’ smart specialization: experience of the EU member states
Authors: Demedyuk Olha , Prytula Khrystyna
Published: December 2020

In the recent decade, the EU Member States have been actively implementing the regional development policy based on innovative strategies of smart specialization. However, lately, European researchers have been paying increasing attention to the issues of regions’ capacity to overcome the boundaries of administrative units inside the country and abroad and to the need to consider regions in the context of their functioning among others, especially from the viewpoint of the growing role of their innovative networks in global value chains. That is why currently the EU is addressing the development of cross-border smart specialization strategies.

The paper aims to study the European experience on the functioning of cross-border innovation systems and joint strategic planning of cross-border regions’ development based on smart specialization and to outline the opportunities to implement the EU experience of cross-border approach to smart specialization in cross-border regions of Ukraine with EU Member States.

The paper analyzes the views of foreign researchers on the links between innovation systems in cross-border space that constitute the theoretical basis of the study of cross-border smart specialization strategies, namely regarding the dimensions and level of their development. The research of European scientists on cross-border innovation systems in specific cross-border regions is examined, in particular on Spanish-French and German-French borders.

Directions of implementation of smart specialization projects in cross-border context under the EU programs and other EU instruments that support regions in cooperation for the elaboration of joint view of development with neighbouring economically, socially, culturally, and historically close regions are outlined.

The experience and methodology of the first cross-border smart specialization strategy for Spanish and Portuguese regions are studied in detail.

The opportunities to use the EU experience by several Western Ukrainian regions based on the joint smart specialization priorities with the neighboring EU states are outlined. For this purpose, 1) the RIS3 strategies of the regions of Poland and Romania adjoining Ukraine and Regional Development Strategies of respective Ukrainian regions were analyzed to detect similar smart specialization priorities; 2) the clusters in the mentioned regions were analyzed as main drivers of achievement of smart specialization goals to detect similar or complementary functioning areas.
Logistical outsourcing as an effective enterprise activity mechanism rising
Authors: Tkach Oleg , Hryniv Liubov , Mykhailiv Halyna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to substantiate logistics outsourcing as an effective mechanism for improving the efficiency of the enterprise.

The authors summarize the arguments and counterarguments in the scientific discussion on logistics outsourcing as one of the best methods of optimizing resources in the activity of enterprises, one of the important factors of modern business. Systematization of the results of the research of scientific sources made it possible to identify the problems of outsourcing use in various spheres of activity of economic entities. Systematization of studies of aspects of enterprise management based on logistic approaches has allowed formulating the statement that special value all over the world in logistics is devoted to outsourcing. For many years there is a tendency in this area to transfer a part or all of the logistics functions to specialized companies and outsourcing of logistics services is used by the vast majority of enterprises. Because, as higher the level of consumption in the country, there is more need to involve in the supply chain the goods of qualified logistics operators and transfer part of their operations to logistics outsourcing.

The authors estimate the logistic outsourcing of the enterprise of PE “VEGA LTD” for the method of Yu. Zhelinskiy, which combines the change of income and expenses of the enterprise. Based on the calculations, it is proved that outsourcing for PE “VEGA LTD” is profitable. Therefore, it is advisable to use outsourced services not only for transport logistics but also for other logistic activities of the enterprise.

In the process of investigating the problems of logistics outsourcing and its impact on the efficiency of foreign economic activity of the company, the authors proved that outsourcing in logistics is one of the most modern business models. The use of this approach makes it possible to achieve significant competitive advantages in the activity of the enterprise. The main motives that drive outsourcing of logistics functions are the desire to make the business manageable, reduce transaction costs while obtaining quality service and profit. The results of the study are of practical importance and may be useful to scholars interested in the study of logistical outsourcing, as well as to the enterprises where outsourcing is most commonly used.
Success Factors and Boundary Conditions for Technology Parks in the Light of the Triple Helix Model
Authors:   Federal University of Viçosa, Faria Adriana Ferreira de , Ribeiro Juliane de Almeida ,   Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais, Campus Ouro Branco, Amaral Marcelo Gonçalves do ,   Triple Helix Research Group, Sedyama Jaqueline Akemi Suzuki ,   Fluminense Federal University
Published: December 2020

The innovation environments known as technology parks represent a worldwide phenomenon as agents of promotion of scientific and technological development and consequently of economic and social development. Despite different typologies, legal models and governance, there is a consensus in the literature and with managers that the first and noblest function of a technology park is to induce economic development, through technological innovation achieved through the interaction between companies and knowledge-generating institutions. It is also known the complexity of the management and operation of a technology park, involving several stakeholders with different interests and objectives and requiring high financial investments. Given this framework, the question is how to establish technology parks so that these are successful enterprises and development promoters? In this context, this work aimed to present a conceptual model on the management of technology parks that considers the relationships of the concepts of the Triple Helix with the main factors of success and boundary conditions that can influence its performance. It was a methodological approach understood by the theoretical framework and case study. The analysis of critical success factors and boundary conditions is related as prerequisites or parameters for the viability of these environments. The case study was conducted at the Centennial Campus, University Research Park of North Carolina State University (NC State), one of the most prominent science parks in the United States.
The Structural Functions of Consumer and Business Confidence Indices in OECD and Alterations on Financial Policies
Authors:   andirma Onyedi Eylul University, Özker Ahmet Niyazi
Published: December 2020

In this study we aim to put forth the important of consumer confidence indicators that are related to emerging markets, which effect on directly some macroeconomics alterations especially for OECD countries. The developing countries’ differences as OECD’ countries cause the different effects on the emerging markets that are in the different developing levels connected with different countries. The problematical structure cause to bring out in the two negative structural locations for reaching OECD’s general financial targets that mean to express the unity cooperation soul. In this context, two important financial effects of consumer price index in OECD countries can be emphasized. The first one, which is also the weighted topic of our study, is the structural changes that can be expressed by financial weakness and fragility. The other one is how and to what extent developing countries have been affected by these changes. In particular, developing underdeveloped countries display a structural process in which changes in financial indices change with changes in consumption indices in periods of financial crisis. This phenomenon leads to differentiation of these considered common policies within the scope of the OECD and it brings different levels of financial impact to the agenda.
Government Guide to Sustainability Impact Assessments
Authors:   Comenius University in Bratislava, Novak David
Published: December 2020

Global sustainability is becoming an increasingly important issue, as evidenced by the numerous conferences of the UN and its sister organizations with worldwide participation. The goal is a critical inventory of the desirable goals, as well as the questioning of the current status quo and the procedure. There are obvious gaps that will be briefly discussed. This paper does not only deal with state sustainability, but shows the approach of this topic by the German state. Not only the basic assumptions and the goals are documented, but these are, as far as possible, checked for their realism or feasibility. Method comparison of the defined procedure by the German Federal Government with the goals set by the UN and the finding of possible deviations. Research findings are shown within a brief summary to offer an opportunity for further analysis, discussions, or results. The sustainability test is an accepted possibility to measure effects on nature, based on indicators and values. The estimation of legal consequences must be borne in full by all decision makers. Ecology, Society, Technology and Economy have to go hand in hand and people have to be taught their current behavior regarding environment costs money. Results and implications for practice, applications and consequences are identified. Sustainability and its effects can be evaluated in the short, mid and long term run. All people worldwide are influenced by lived or just not lived sustainability massive in their lives. Avenues of future research should always include sustainability tests and estimations of legal consequences regarding the decisions done by politicians at this matter. This paper deals with sustainability and the associated consequences in the area of legislation, as well as with the verification of the achievement of individual environmental goals.
The Impact of Women’s Employment on Marital Stability in Qatar Society
Authors:   Qatar University, Doha, Lari Noora Ahmed
Published: December 2020

The State of Qatar has implemented several family policies in order to improve the wellbeing of Qatari families and ensure fair distribution of development benefits for both men and women. However, there is a linkage between female employment outside the home and instability in the marriages of Qatari families. This paper investigates the impact of female employment on marital stability, based on the results of primary data collected in Qatar, a questionnaire that consisted of several sections such as challenges in the workplace, supervisor, family and spouse relations, work motivation and performance. Of the 824 questionnaires that were returned, 807 were completed and valid for analysis. Regression analysis and an ANOVA test have been used to test the relationship between the variables. The results of the research have produced mixed findings about how wives’ employment increases marital instability and have yielded few significant differences on mean scores of discuss on work demands, insufficient time together, housework, financial matters, communication, relatives and rearing children. The results indicates that in general Qatar working women face several challenges in relation to their marital life as part of cultural and social constraints.
Company’s Reputation as an Intangible Asset and the Risks to It from Perceiving Socially Responsible Practices as “Hypocritical”
Authors:   University of Economics-Varna, Genova Zhana
Published: December 2020

As in previous years, people are always upset and will always be interested in environmental issues, global warming, famine, poverty, child labour and more. And business organizations use this interest and engage their users through donation or charity campaigns, sponsorships, or projects to support a particular cause or community in need. But there are cases when publishing the information of social responsible incorrectly creates scepticism in people, and the company loses reputation and trust among the public and stakeholders as a whole. This study will show that building a positive corporate image is a long process, requires strategic thinking and consistency, and social responsibility can influence a company image.
Benefit Clubs as a Tool for Loyalty Marketing. Study of Brazil’s Main Insurance Companies
Authors:   Methodist University of São Paulo, Silveira Guaracy Carlos Da , Costa Fernando Augusto Carvalho Dineli Da ,   Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado (FAAP)
Published: December 2020

: This paper considers Relationship Marketing as a business strategic tool and seeks to verify the existence of Benefit Clubs and their structure offered by the major insurance companies in Brazil, analyzing the presence and formatting of the programs. Through the content analysis methodology, we seek to infer its uses for the strengthening of the positioning of these companies. At the end of the paper we compare the best practices identified. The result of the analysis considers the differential obtained by the employment of programs that seek to create brand value and loyalty.
Efficiency Analysis of the Use of Cost Indicators for Decision-Making Processes in Swine Slaughtering Activities: Multicase Study
Authors:   Unidade Central de Educação Faculdades Faem, Camargo Tiago Francisco de , Zanin Antônio ,   UNOCHAPECO, Manfroi Leossania ,   Unidade Central de Educação Faculdades Faem, Anschau Cleusa ,   Unidade Central de Educação Faculdades Faem,, Bortoluzzi Citania Aparecida Pilatti ,   UNOESC Chapecó
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to compare the structure of costs between two pig finishing units which work in an integration mode and verify the effectiveness of the use of contribution margin (CM), break-even point (BEP) (q) and safety margin (SM) (%) indicators in speeding up the decision-making process to optimize said structure and maximize results. The studied farms are located in the West of Santa Catarina, and the research took place in 2015. Costs indicators for contribution margin, break-even point and safety margin were evidenced by assessing the costs of production for which the producer was responsible and by creating the income statement. It was then possible to notice the differences between composition and control of cost structure reflecting on the profitability of each farm; Farm A did not use any resources of rural accounting or cost control to manage its activity, which resulted in financial losses and lower production cost efficiency. Meanwhile, farm B, which makes use of these resources, displayed higher efficiency in controlling production costs and obtained positive results in comparison to farm A. It was then possible to conclude that the use of rural accounting resources and an accurate analysis of cost indicators allow managers to make agile and specific decisions within the cost structure, and that these indicators can help guide planning and budgeting of the activity and be used as reference for decision making.
Factors Affect to Customer Loyalty in Logistics Industry
Authors:   California State University, Aaron Chan Sum
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual framework to help the HK’s third party logistics (TPL) providers exploring the degrees of affecting of determinants in logistics industry such as Innovation (IN), Timeliness (TM), Information Availability (IA), Service Variety (SV) and Continuous Improvement (CI) for Customer Loyalty (CL). The research results indicate that innovation and timeliness are the most critical determinants that have affecting to customer loyalty and people will put extra weight on innovation when deciding whether to continue the relationship with the current supplier in long term. On the other aspect, the results show that elder people and female will interest on continuous improvement when deciding whether to recommend their supplier.
Social Appliances for Sustainable Smart Homes
Authors:   State University of Milan, Apolloni Bruno , Marconi Luca ,   ICT Startup, Epifania Francesco ,   ICT Startup, Mesiti Marco ,   State University of Milan, Valtolina Stefano ,   State University of Milan, Gaetano Serena Di ,   State University of Milan, Schiaffino Alberto ,   Web Agency, Pellegrini Roberto ,   Web Agency
Published: December 2020

We discuss a Cloud-based Collective Intelligence model and its in-progress implementation to direct users toward an optimal usage of their home appliances as a way of getting both personal advantage and an overall reduction of pollution and energy consumption. In this model sustainability is considered with respect to two types of resources: natural ones, to be mostly preserved, as indicated above, and brain resources, in terms of intention and knowledge, to be convoyed to a common target. Having the first aspect for a given, in this paper we focus on the secondby examining three distinct factors: user experience, knowledge achievement and business model. Our service paradigm is rooted on a Social Networks of Facts that requires experts’ know, like that owned by the appliance manufacturer, but exploits it in an autonomous way so as to comply with the specific intentions of the individual users. While cloud architectural and communication aspects are solved in a standard, though advanced, way, the interplay between user and expertsisconsidered variously within a range of business models. As the success of these models is related to the network population, here we discuss some preliminary simulations based on an effectively implemented infrastructure and on the extrapolation of early collected data.
Women Entrepreneurship Determinants in Nigeria
Authors:   Ahmadu Bello University, Abass Salimat M.
Published: December 2020

Women entrepreneurs have attracted the attention of organizations, policy makers and researchers as they have been identified as an important unexploited source of economic growth and development. The objective of this research is to contribute knowledge about women entrepreneurship in Nigeria and their motivations for entrepreneurship especially on MSMEs level. An empirical survey was conducted with cross-sectional data collected via questionnaire from 422 selected women respondents in six states each representing a geo-political zone in Nigeria using stratified sampling technique. Respondents are engaged in micro, small or medium enterprises in Nigeria. The study results provide strong determinant of women entrepreneurship in Nigeria. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed as tools for testing hypotheses using SmartPLS 2. Findings revealed that the determinant of women entrepreneurship varies by life experiences and country. The study further discovered that a lot of women were motivated by the need for survival, family traits, education and skills, independence and need for achievement respectively in Nigeria. The study recommended that the Nigerian government should encourage women more in entrepreneurial activities and provide sound conducive business environment for women through provision of infrastructural facilities such as entrepreneurial training and skills, finance, infrastructures and credit facilities that will enhance women’s participation more in business.
Impact of the National Health Insurance Scheme on Drugstores and Traditional Medicines in Ghana
Authors:   Edith Cowan University, Kwadwo Adusei-Asante
Published: December 2020

Ghana established a pro-poor hospital-based National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2004. Since the introduction of the scheme, limited research has been undertaken on its impact on Ghana’s healthcare options, which consist of traditional medicines, commercial pharmacies (drugstores) and faith healing. This paper draws on an ethnographic study conducted in the Daakye District of Ghana, and argues that although the NHIS has led to increased patronage of hospital-based treatment, the other healthcare options remain popular. Interrelated factors, including poverty, remoteness and cultural perceptions, were found to be drivers of the popularity of the non-hospital healthcare options. This paper seeks to contribute to recent discussions in the Ghanaian media on the government’s intention to integrate traditional medicines into Ghana’s healthcare delivery system.
Entrepreneurship Management at the Local Government Level: The Experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program
Authors:   National Ministry of Production, Gigli Patricio , Orsi Donatela ,   National Ministry of Production, Aramburú Marisel Martín ,   National Ministry of Production
Published: December 2020

This paper aims at describing the experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (Ciudades para Emprender or CPE) of the National Directorate of Community and Human Capital (which belongs to the SEPYME), National Ministry of Production. This paper starts from the premise that entrepreneurship takes place at the most micro level of the offer and, therefore, is a concept associated with the characteristics of the environment closest to that offer: the local territory. However, there is little history in the country of public policies relating the issue of entrepreneurship with the local management. That is why we take as a starting point the conceptualization of the chosen framework: local governments and the development issue, seen from the perspective of entrepreneurships. Moreover, an overview is given on the structural characteristics of municipalities in Argentina. In addition, some international experiences and attempts to promote entrepreneurship at a national level are analyzed. Finally, the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (CPE) is outlined, based on a summary of the diagnoses of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of the selected cities and the tools used and their execution status at the time of publication of this paper.
Willingness to Pay of Consumers for Improved Couscous Made with Corn in Southern Benin
Authors:   National Institute of Agricultural Research, Djinadou Adijatu Kouboura Alice , Acacha Hortensia Vicentia ,   Université d’Abomey-Calavi
Published: December 2020

This study evaluates the willingness of Southwestern Benin’s consumers to consume and pay (WTP) the improved Yêkê-yêkê, a couscous made with corn, and the determining factors via the contingent analysis approach. The data was collected from 95 consumers recruited in major markets and shops in urban and peri-urban areas. According to the results, the average WTP predicted from the weighted least squares (WLS) model is estimated at about 130 FCFA/kg (or 0.11 Euros per kilogram) or a 130% surplus of the average price of the traditional Yêkê-yêkê which costs 100 FCFA/kg (0.15 Euros per kg). The explanatory factors of this WTP are mainly related to gender, the area of residence expressing that urban consumers, especially women, were more inclined to grant a high WTP. Other factors, related to the perception of participants about the characteristics of the improved product, namely cleanliness/absence of insects or pebbles, cooking time, presentation/packaging, product availability and importance of the product. The importance of Yêkê-yêkê in household food was also determinant. The results could be useful for processors and policymakers in the ongoing effort to improve the quality and sale of maize products in West Africa at an acceptable price.
Unsolved Problem in Human Resources Qualities of Vietnamese Banking Industry in Integration
Authors:   University of Finance-Marketing, Truong Khanh Van , Tram Loc Bich ,   Sai Gon University
Published: December 2020

Economic integration become the inevitable trend of all countries around the world brings not only opportunities but also challenges for all aspects of society, especially the banking sector. Meanwhile, workforce in Vietnamese banking sector has been not only insufficient but also leftovers, which creates unsolvable problems for unemployment in the current period and for the competitiveness of the sector in near future. After conducting research in many different aspects, this paper finds out the main reasons why banker resources have not met the requirements of society, which can be summarized as follows: management methods of State agencies have only been implemented for form’s sake and their development planning is not appropriate for economic environment; most of training facilities focus on scale rather than the quality; the way of doing business of some banks creates a lot of potential risk but they have no appropriate management mechanism; and students majoring in banking sector have negligent learning attitude and deviant thinking of their career in future.
Corporate Governance and Performance of Organizations
Authors:   Ibn Tofail University-ENCG Kenitra, lemqeddem Hamid Ait , Tomas Mounya ,   Ibn Tofail University-ENCG Kenitra
Published: December 2020

There is renewed interest in the need to focus on corporate governance in an environment where it is a performance imperative for all small and large organizations, private and public, beginner or established.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the place of corporate governance practices in organizations to ensure that the board, officers, and directors take action to protect shareholder interests and all stakeholders. It is important to focus on the effect of these practices on improving performance and competitiveness. To do so, we opted for the hypothetico-deductive method with a quantitative approach. Our theoretical foundation is theory is agency theory.
Corporation Social Responsibility: Comparison and Contrast
Authors:   Hong Duc University, Hien Duong Thi
Published: December 2020

One of the greatest highlights in the business world nowadays is the participation in corporate social responsibility. With certain purposes, corporate social responsibility plans are run by almost all companies, within service sector as well as manufacturing sector, in developing and advanced based country. One important question is raised at hand is that whether the corporate social responsibility initiatives in all corporations are the same? The answer is “No”. In this paper, the author will use three cases of Nokia, Lenovo and Banco do Brasil to illustrate the distinction amongst corporate social responsibility activities in different industries and economic-based enterprises.
A Consumption Based Term Structure Model w ith Habit Utility
Authors:   City University of New York, Lou Jun
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a term structure of interest rates model that modifies and extends the Campbell and Cochrane (1999) surplus consumption framework. The distinguishing contributions are tractable, continuous-time analytical solutions for the term structure of interest rate generating a realistic upward sloping yield curve. Despite the focus on the term structure, the model matches plausible equity quantities. For the interest rate, the model is able to account for the moments of bond yields at numerous maturities and produce countercyclical bond risk premia as seen in the data. Moreover, the model captures reasonable time series fluctuation on real interest rates. However, the model has difficulties reproducing empirical deviations from the expectations hypothesis.
Machine Learning Algorithms in Administrative Decision-Making
Authors:   Lumsa University, Savona Paola
Published: December 2020

Machine learning algorithms play a significant role in the digital economy. They suggest products and services to clients, select friends and news, give navigation advice to drivers, make translations. Moreover, learning algorithms are increasingly used to make important decisions about individuals. Companies, for example, rely on machine learning to approve loan, evaluate investments, calculate insurance risks, evaluate workers’ performance or select people to hire. Governments use it to detect terrorists and prevent future attacks, target citizens or places for police scrutiny, select tax payers for audit, detect frauds, grant or deny visas, and more. The influence of machine learning in administrative decision-making might rapidly grow in the near future. The paper analyses opportunities and risks involved in relying on learning algorithms to support or to make administrative decisions with the aim of understanding the challenges that the use of those tools poses to the core principles of the rule of law.
Trends R egarding WiFi in Gauteng South Africa
Authors:   Graduate School of Business, Jagernath Krishan , Naicker Visvanathan ,   Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Published: December 2020

The demand for data usage in South Africa is growing and this growth is creating a heavy demand on the network of telecommunication providers. The challenge facing South Africa is a lack of spectrum especially for high-speed access of Long Term Evolution networks, which creates a set of challenges in providing services to their customers for these telecommunication providers. The paper presents a narrative to ascertain where consumers in Gauteng access WiFi on a regular basis, how often they access these WiFi hot spots, reasons for their access. The findings would reflect the consumers’ buying behaviours as the target population to discover trends and patterns using WiFi. A qualitative methods approach was chosen. This was based on the buying behaviour, trends and patterns of WiFi users and how Telecommunication Service Providers and businesses could position themselves as a WiFi provider and capture this market. Respondents were regular users of WiFi and had good knowledge and understanding of WiFi. The biggest benefit of WiFi hotspots to them was that it was free and conveniently located and saved them on their personal data usage. Whilst there is a sporadic WiFi footprint available in Gauteng, the service needs to be expanded and made more accessible in all restaurants, taxi ranks, universities, shopping malls, gated communities. WiFi can be provided to cover a wider range at shopping malls by Telecommunication Service Providers partnering up with providers of public and private WiFi hotspots.
Fintech Credit — Opportunities for SMEs in Vietnam
Authors:   University of Finance-Marketing, Khanh Truong Van , Loc Tram Bich ,   Sai Gon University
Published: December 2020

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have an important role in the development of countries, especially in developing ones like Vietnam, but access to capital of this type of business is always difficult, while the support of the Vietnamese government has not been effective or negligible. However, the fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0) have created a new type of business — Fintech companies which provide SMEs an easier way to access capital. Nevertheless, the concept of Fintech is relatively new in Vietnam and the operation of these companies implicit certain risks. Therefore, in order to help SMEs take advantage of this non-bank capital resource, the authorities are asked to promulgate laws or decrees for business environment of Fintech companies.
An Evolving Model of the Use of Feature Films in Undergraduate and Graduate Business Curriculum: The Education Awakens
Authors:   Seton Hill University, Giunta Catherine
Published: December 2020

This paper/exploratory analysis presents an evolving model for enhancing the use of full-length, feature film as a tool in undergraduate and graduate business curriculum. This model includes processes for determination of student perceptions of the efficacy of the use of feature film to teach business, including marketing and human resources competencies. Therefore, this work considers student perceptions of the use of film in undergraduate and graduate business education and their final outcomes. Awareness of students' views of this tool can be valuable information during the design of business curriculum. To date, limited research has coupled the business students’ perceptions of film in business curriculum along with implementation of feature films in business pedagogy. Therefore, the evolution of a working model aims to contribute to the understanding of students' expectations when film is used in business curriculum. There is a dearth of literature that covers the use of popular, full-length films in Marketing and in MBA Human Resource courses. This paper helps to fill that gap.
Nutrition and Health Benefit “Tulasi” (Ocimum Sanctum Linn.) in General and Oro-Dental Low Cost Medicine
Authors:   Mahasaraswati Denpasar University, Agung I Gusti Ayu Ari
Published: December 2020

Ocimum sanctum L. (OS) known as “Selasih Miik” or “Tulasi” in Bali, Indonesia, “Tulsi” in Hindi, and ‘Holy Basil’ in English is an very important for therapeutic potensials. The leaves, stem, flower, root, seeds and even whole plant of Tulasi it used in traditional nutritious food and medicine food. Tulasi is often enjoyed as a simple herbal tea and is frequently blended with other herbs and spices for various low cost nutritious food, medicinal food and culinary purposes.
Expenditure Barriers in Individual Meal Restaurant Ordering
Authors:   Dickinson College, Erfle Stephen E. , Forrester Jeffrey S. ,   Dickinson College, Yao Alan Xiang ,   Credit Suisse
Published: December 2020

Price points are an important consideration in the analysis of optimal pricing. We contribute to this literature by proposing that consumers have total expenditure barriers when purchasing a bundle of items from a seller. We suggest a rationale for, and test the proposition that, individuals set reservation expenditure levels for meal purchases using salient points in multiples of $5. We test this hypothesis using a sample of online orders from 257 restaurants clustered into five restaurant types. Single meal orders were identified by removing transactions having more than one entrée leaving 52,583 transactions for individual level analysis. Orders were analyzed by Payment Type (cash versus credit) × Meal Category (weekday lunch, weekday dinner, weekend lunch, weekend dinner) for each restaurant cluster. Two distributions are examined, final ticket amount and proportion of individuals with a particular base cost that added an additional item of $3 or less to the order. The data demonstrate that final ticket amounts peak just below a multiple of $5 and order adding behavior is greater just above than just below a multiple of $5. Both distributions exhibit strong evidence of expenditure barrier purchasing for dinner purchases and mixed evidence of such purchasing for lunch purchases.
Puerto Rican Women in International Business: Then and Now
Authors:   University of Puerto Rico, Garcia Maritza Soto
Published: December 2020

This paper was carried out to compare the perceptions and attitudes towards Puerto Rican women in international business and assignments that foster or hinder their participation in this area. The study compares data from research conducted from the same researcher at the end of the 1990’s and the present time, specifically, 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was sent through SurveyMonkey using Likert scale. A 42% response was obtained of the respondents, 30% were male and 67% were female. Respondents were selected using random sampling from a database of 200 local domestic and multinational firms. In general, the majority of the responses received support women’s participation in international business and assignments now as compared to the previous study. However, although respondents supported women’s participation, it was noted that organizations still remain hesitant to send women to international assignments, there remains a perception that foreign companies are prejudiced against women in international assignments and that when given an assignment, women are measured again male norms. It was found that the organizational departments that are most likely to have women in international assignments are Quality, Marketing, Human Resources, Legal, Services, Public/Government Relations, and Research & Development as compared to Sales, Marketing, Human Resources and Quality in the previous study. Although men and women have similar attitudes and perceptions regarding Puerto Rican women in international business and assignments, we find that women continue to be limited regarding their participation in careers dividing these into those that are most likely or less likely for women. It was also interesting to find that the perceptions and attitudes exhibited in this survey continue to be the perceptions regarding women’s participation in international assignments around many countries in the world. Findings need to be interpreted cautiously because 67% of the respondents were women although there is a greater tendency to find more females than males in the general workforce. A follow-up study with a broader group of respondents is recommended.
Economic Impact of a PGA Tournament (McGladrey Classic) on Surrounding Area
Authors:   Georgia Southern University, Halaby Dominique , McKay Benjamin , Ruhland Kristen
Published: December 2020

This study estimated the economic impact of the 2013 McGladrey Classic Golf Tournament (since renamed the RSM Classic) on Glynn County, Georgia. It was held at the Sea Island Golf Club, Seaside Course on Sea Island, Georgia in early November (7th through the 10th). This tournament is one of the stops for the PGA TOUR. The direct impacts were generated from spending from out-of-town visitors. These visitors included spectators, volunteers, title sponsor guests and the staff of the broadcast partner. In order to estimate the total amount of spending related to this event, the research team administered a survey to both volunteers online, prior to the event, and to spectators in person at the event. Additional expenditure data for the Golf Channel staff and McGladrey guests was provided by the Davis Love Foundation, host of this tournament.