bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interictal blood–brain barrier dysfunction in piriform cortex of people with epilepsy
Authors: Schulte Freya , Reiter Johannes T. , Bauer Tobias , Taube Julia , Bitzer Felix , Witt Juri‐Alexander , Piper Rory , Thanabalasingam Anoja , von Wrede Randi , Racz Attila , Baumgartner Tobias , Borger Valeri , Specht‐Riemenschneider Louisa , Vatter Hartmut , Hattingen Elke , Deichmann Ralf , Helmstaedter Christoph , Radbruch Alexander , Friedman Alon , Surges Rainer , Rüber Theodor
Published: August 2024

Objective

The piriform cortex is considered to be highly epileptogenic. Its resection during epilepsy surgery is a predictor for postoperative seizure freedom in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy is associated with a dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. We investigated blood–brain barrier dysfunction in the piriform cortex of people with temporal lobe epilepsy using quantitative T1‐relaxometry.

Methods

Gadolinium‐based contrast agent was administered ictally and interictally in 37 individuals before undergoing quantitative T1‐relaxometry. Postictal and interictal images were co‐registered, and subtraction maps were created as biomarkers for peri‐ictal (∆qT1interictal‐postictal) and interictal (∆qT1noncontrast‐interictal) blood–brain barrier dysfunction. Values were extracted for the piriform cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and the whole cortex.

Results

In temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 14), ∆qT1noncontrast‐interictal was significantly higher in the piriform cortex than in the whole cortex (p = 0.02). In extratemporal lobe epilepsy (n = 23), ∆qT1noncontrast‐interictal was higher in the hippocampus than in the whole cortex (p = 0.05). Across all individuals (n = 37), duration of epilepsy was correlated with ∆qT1noncontrast‐interictal (ß = 0.001, p < 0.001) in all regions, while the association was strongest in the piriform cortex. Impaired verbal memory was associated with ∆qT1noncontrast‐interictal only in the piriform cortex (p = 0.04). ∆qT1interictal‐postictal did not show differences in any region.

Interpretation

Interictal blood–brain barrier dysfunction occurs in the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy. This dysfunction is linked to longer disease duration and worse cognitive deficits, emphasizing the central role of the piriform cortex in the epileptogenic network of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Equiatomic CoCrFeNi Thin Films on C‐Sapphire: The Role of Twins and Orientation Relationships
Authors: Kini Maya K. , Lee Subin , Savan Alan , Breitbach Benjamin , Ghidelli Matteo , Ludwig Alfred , Scheu Christina , Chatain Dominique , Best James P. , Dehm Gerhard
Published: August 2024

Face‐centered cubic (fcc) metals deposited onto crystalline substrates grow heteroepitaxially with specific orientation relationships (ORs). The ORs depend on a number of factors including lattice mismatch, bonding and the relative symmetry between the surface and the film. Less explored factors include defects like growth and annealing twins. In this study, a high density of nanotwins in as‐deposited films delay grain growth of OR1 (, ) grains up to 0.56 Tm. A new OR with respect to the c‐sapphire substrate is found, compared to the well‐known OR1 and OR2 which grow with the . This is named OR3, grows above 0.56 Tm with . The OR3 growth is related to strain and defect energy advantage. An unusual OR accompanies OR3 in most films, occupying an area fraction of >0.3. A minute (<0.05) but consistent fractions of , , , and all parallel to and related to annealing twins in exact and near and grains are observed. The study opens new directions in the crystallography of ORs, considering the role of twins in addition to the surface and strain energies.
Continuous Nanofiber Bundle Production Using Helical Spinnerets with Different Configurations in Needleless Electrospinning
Authors: Yıldırım Behzat , Kılıç Ali , İçoğlu Halil İbrahim , Türkoğlu Melike , Topalbekiroğlu Mehmet
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the production of continuous nanofiber bundles using needleless electrospinning with a focus on helical spinneret configurations. It delves into the effects of spinneret diameter, pitch length, and thickness on nanofiber bundle characteristics, employing polyacrylonitrile as the polymer. The research highlights the significant impact of these parameters on the nanofiber morphology, bundle width, productivity, and deposition properties of nanofiber bundles. Scanning electron microscopy imaging, bundle depositions analyses, and electric field modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics are applied for the nanofiber bundles electrospun by helical spinnerets. As the diameter of the spinneret increases, productivity, bundle width, deposition ratio, deposition intensity, and deposition homogeneity are increased significantly. Additionally, an increase in spinneret thickness leads to a decrease in average nanofiber diameter. Specifically, increasing the spinneret diameter from 30 to 50 mm, pitch length from 20 to 40 mm, and reducing thickness from 3 to 1 mm increases productivity by 170%, 72%, and 32%, respectively. As a result of practical and modeling studies on helical spinnerets, the optimized parameters are determined as 1 mm thickness, 40 mm pitch length, and 50 mm diameter.
Limiting Molecular Twisting: Upgrading a Donor–Acceptor Dye to Drive H2 Evolution
Authors: Zhu Kaijian , Rodríguez Ainoa Paradelo , Brands Maria B. , de Haas Titus , Buda Francesco , Reek Joost N.H. , Mul Guido , Huijser Annemarie
Published: August 2024

The donor–acceptor (D–A) dye 4‐(bis‐4‐(5‐(2,2‐dicyano‐vinyl)‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐phenyl‐amino)‐benzoic acid (P1) has been frequently used to functionalize NiO photocathodes and induce photoelectrochemical reduction of protons when coupled to a suitable catalyst. Photoinduced twisting of the P1 dye is steered on NiO by co‐adsorption of tetradecanoic acid (C14, myristic acid (MA)). Density Functional Theory and time‐resolved photoluminescence studies confirm that twisting lowers the energy levels of the photoexcited D–A dye. The apolar environment provided by the MA suppresses photoinduced D–A twisting, retards charge recombination following photoinduced charge separation between P1 and NiO, and provides a larger electrochemical potential increasing the photocurrent. Very interestingly, co‐adsorption of MA induces H2 evolution upon photoexcitation without the presence of an H2 evolution catalyst. Based on prior art, the formation of H2 is assigned to the dissolution of Ni2+, followed by reduction and re‐deposition of Ni nanoparticles acting as the catalytically active site. It propose that only excited P1 with suppressed twisting provides the sufficient electrochemical potential to induce deposition of Ni nanoparticles. The work illustrates the importance of understanding the effects of photoinduced intramolecular twisting and highlights the promise of designing twisting‐limited D–A dyes to create efficient solar fuel devices.
Improved Mn4+/Mn2+ Contribution in High‐Voltage Zn–MnO2 Batteries Enabled by an Al3+‐Ion Electrolyte
Authors: Chang Xingqi , Chacón‐Borrero Jesús , Shang Jian , Xiao Ke , Montaña‐Mora Guillem , Mejia‐Centeno Karol V. , Lu Xuan , Yu Ao , Yu Jing , Zhou Xiaolong , Tunmee Sarayut , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Cui Changcai , Li Junshan , Tang Yongbing , Martínez‐Alanis Paulina R. , Arbiol Jordi , Cabot Andreu
Published: August 2024

Rechargeable aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries are attracting attention as a cost‐effective and safe energy storage solution, but their commercialization faces challenges due to limited stability, output voltage, and energy density. Herein, a hybrid‐ion Zn–MnO2 system with enhanced Mn4+/Mn2+ electrochemical contribution is introduced using an Al3+‐based electrolyte. Compared with conventional Zn2+ electrolytes, the hybrid Al3+/Zn2+ cell offers higher output voltage of 1.75 V, capacities up to 469 mAh g−1, and outstanding energy densities up to ≈730 Wh kg−1 at 0.3 A g−1. Besides, the Al3+‐enabled Zn–MnO2 battery shows 100% capacity and energy density retention after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Even at a high mass–loading of 6.2 mg cm−2, a capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1 is maintained for over 100 cycles. This outstanding performance is related to the contribution of different intercalation and reaction mechanisms, as proved by the combination of electrochemical analysis and ex‐situ x‐ray diffraction characterization of the cells at different discharge stages. Al3+ ions, as Lewis strong acid, contribute to capacity in two significant ways: through a highly reversible intercalation/de‐intercalation that substantially boosts capacitance at low current rates, and promoting the Mn4+/Mn2+ reaction aided by H+ that dominates the capacitance at higher current rates. Overall, this work demonstrates a practical Zn–MnO2 battery with a high potential for low‐cost stationary energy storage habilitated by multiple ion co‐intercalation.
Metal–Organic Frameworks with Axial Cobalt–Oxygen Coordination Modulate Polysulfide Redox for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lv Qingliang , Sun Yinjing , Li Bin , Li Caixia , Zhang Qi , Wang Lei
Published: August 2024

Although the ultrahigh theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness, lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries suffer from sluggish conversion kinetics and the shuttling effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, conductive hexagonal cobalt‐organic framework (Co‐HTP) nanosheets are anchored in situ on carboxyl graphene (CG) substrates and serve as host catalysts to modulate the polysulfide redox. Substantial characterizations identify that the local coordination environment of the quadrilateral Co–N4 units transforms into an asymmetric penta‐coordinated O–Co–N4 with axial Co─O coordination, which triggers spin polarization and remarkable electron delocalization of Co 3d orbital. The higher spin state and lower local electron density of the O–Co–N4 sites induce more active electronic states in Co‐HTP/CG and facilitate orbital hybridization with polysulfides to form more stable bond orders. Such optimized electronic structure significantly accelerates redox kinetics and enhances the adsorption strength of polysulfides. These merit the lithium–sulfur battery based on Co‐HTP/CG with a high reversible capacity, impressive rate capability, and prolonged cycling performance over 500 cycles. This work will enrich the design philosophy of modulating the spintronic structure of electrocatalysts for advanced Li–S batteries and beyond.
Supply responsive scheduling for ethylene cracking furnace systems based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Haoran , Qiu Tong
Published: August 2024

Ethylene is one of the most important chemicals, and scheduling optimization is crucial for the profitability of ethylene cracking furnace systems. With the diversification of feedstocks and the high variability in prices, supply chain fluctuations pose significant challenges to the scheduling decisions. Dynamically responding to these fluctuations has become crucial. Traditional mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models lack the capability of supply chain response, while receding horizon optimization (RHO) models require parameter prediction and repeated optimization solving. To address this challenge, we propose a deep reinforcement learning‐based framework that includes an ethylene dynamic scheduling environment and a decision agent based on deep Q‐network. Across three test cases, compared to the MINLP and RHO models, this framework significantly minimizes losses caused by supply chain fluctuations, thereby increasing daily average net profits by 9%–27%, demonstrating its significant potential for application in responsive scheduling in the presence of supply chain fluctuations.
Gold recovery through synergetic adsorption and reduction using acid–base additive‐reinforced tubular carbon nanofibers
Authors: Ahmad Mudasir , Al‐Anazi Menier , Tariq Muhammad Rizwan , Khan Idrees , Zhang Baoling
Published: August 2024

In response to the increasing demand for gold in electronic manufacturing, this study addresses the urgent need for gold recycling from electronic waste (E‐waste) to ensure the environment and energy safety. This study focuses on the preparation of the tubular carbon nanofibers (TCNFs) integrating NH4+ and SO3− groups into TCNF‐SO3−‐NH4+, which exhibited remarkable gold adsorption capacity (2003.25 ± 0.23 mg/g) and selectivity (Kd; 41.7 × 103 mL/g) at lower pH. TCNF‐SO3−‐NH4+ achieved a 99.77% gold adsorption efficiency under lower pH conditions (pH = 1) from E‐waste. The adsorption capacity reached 3.54 ± 0.11 mg/g at an initial concentration of 0.85 mg/L. The results highlight the efficacy of TCNF‐SO3−‐NH4+ for extracting gold and other precious metal ions from E‐waste, presenting a promising solution for clean energy and environmental protection.
Case report of recurrent vasa previa
Authors: Wang Michelle J. , Duffy Cassandra R. , Oyelese Yinka
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Vasa previa is a complication of pregnancy, which affects approximately 1:1200 pregnancies, and when undiagnosed prenatally, it can be associated with significant perinatal mortality. This condition is thought to be a sporadic entity without known genetic or familial associations and thus considered to carry a negligible recurrence risk.

Key Findings

We present a case of a 42‐year‐old gravida 3 para 2 diagnosed on transvaginal ultrasound with a vasa previa at 34 weeks associated with vaginal bleeding, which required an urgent caesarean in a prior spontaneous pregnancy. In the current pregnancy conceived with in vitro fertilisation, she was again diagnosed with a vasa previa at 30 weeks’ gestation at transvaginal ultrasound. She ultimately delivered at 37 weeks’ gestation via an uncomplicated repeat caesarean.

Discussion

Patients with vasa previa in one pregnancy may be at risk for recurrence in subsequent pregnancy and thus should be screened in future pregnancies. Further research should be done to explore and identify any risk factors for recurrence of vasa previa.
Solution‐Processable MOF‐on‐MOF System Constructed via Template‐Assisted Growth for Ultratrace H2S Detection
Authors: Wu Xuanhao , Tian Xin , Zhang Wanglin , Peng Xiaoyan , Zhou Siyuan , Buenconsejo Pio John S. , Li Yi , Xiao Song , Tao Jifang , Zhang Mingming , Yuan Hongye
Published: August 2024

Conductive metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) hold promise for highly sensitive sensing systems due to their conductivity and porosity. However, the fabrication of c‐MOF thin films with controllable morphology, thickness, and preferential orientation remains a formidable yet ubiquitous challenge. Herein, we propose an innovative template‐assisted strategy for constructing MOF‐on‐MOF (Ni3(HITP)2/NUS‐8 (HITP: 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexamino‐tri (p‐phenylene))) systems with good electrical conductivity, porosity, and solution processability. Leveraging the 2D nature and solution processability of NUS‐8, we achieve the controllable self‐assembly of Ni3(HITP)2 on NUS‐8 nanosheets, producing solution‐processable Ni3(HITP)2/NUS‐8 nanosheets with a film conductivity of 1.55×10−3 S ⋅ cm−1 at room temperature. Notably, the excellent solution processability facilitates the fabrication of large‐area thin films and printing of intricate patterns with good uniformity, and the Ni3(HITP)2/NUS‐8‐based system can monitor finger bending. Gas sensors based on Ni3(HITP)2/NUS‐8 exhibit high sensitivity (LOD~6 ppb) and selectivity towards ultratrace H2S at room temperature, attributed to the coupling between Ni3(HITP)2 and NUS‐8 and the redox reaction with H2S. This approach not only unlocks the potential of stacking different MOF layers in a sequence to generate functionalities that cannot be achieved by a single MOF, but also provides novel avenues for the scalable integration of MOFs in miniaturized devices with salient sensing performance.
Cell‐Specific Optical Control of AMPA Glutamate Receptors with a Photoswitchable Tethered Antagonist
Authors: Leippe Philipp , Donthamsetti Prashant , Ko Tongil , Stanley Cherise , Isacoff Ehud , Trauner Dirk
Published: August 2024

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are the main drivers of excitatory glutamatergic transmission in the brain, central to synaptic plasticity, and are key drug targets. However, AMPARs are expressed in virtually every neuron in the central nervous system and are activated with complex temporal dynamics, making it difficult to determine their functional roles with sufficient precision. Here we describe a cell specific, light‐controllable competitive antagonist for the AMPA receptor called MP‐GluAblock that combines the temporal precision of a photo‐switchable ligand with the spatial and cellular specificity of a genetically‐encoded membrane‐anchor protein. This tool could pave the way for controlling endogenous AMPARs in neural circuits with cellular, spatial, and temporal specificity.
6‐Hydroxy Picolinohydrazides Promoted Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation Reaction in Water: Machine‐Learning Accelerated Ligands Design and Reaction Optimization
Authors: Xu Lanting , Zhu Jiazhou , Shen Xiaodong , Chai Jiashuang , Shi Lei , Wu Bin , Li Wei , Ma Dawei
Published: August 2024

Hydroxylated (hetero)arenes are privileged motifs in natural products, materials, small‐molecule pharmaceuticals and serve as versatile intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we report an efficient Cu(I)/6‐hydroxy picolinohydrazide‐catalyzed hydroxylation reaction of (hetero)aryl halides (Br, Cl) in water. By establishing machine learning (ML) models, the design of ligands and optimization of reaction conditions were effectively accelerated. The N‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐9H‐ carbazol‐9‐yl)‐6‐hydroxypicolinamide (L32, 6‐HPA‐DMCA) demonstrated high efficiency for (hetero)aryl bromides, promoting hydroxylation reactions with a minimal catalyst loading of 0.01 mol % (100 ppm) at 80 °C to reach 10000 TON; for substrates containing sensitive functional groups, the catalyst loading needs to be increased to 3.0 mol % under near‐room temperature conditions. N‐(2,7‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐6‐hydroxypicolinamide (L42, 6‐HPA‐DTBCA) displayed superior reaction activity for chloride substrates, enabling hydroxylation reactions at 100 °C with 2–3 mol % catalyst loading. These represent the state of art for both lowest catalyst loading and temperature in the copper‐catalyzed hydroxylation reactions. Furthermore, this method features a sustainable and environmentally friendly solvent system, accommodates a wide range of substrates, and shows potential for developing robust and scalable synthesis processes for key pharmaceutical intermediates.
Multimodal Molecular Motion in the Rotaxanes and Catenanes Incorporating Flexible Calix[n]phyrin Stations
Authors: Grzelczak Rafał A. , Basak Tymoteusz , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Szyszko Bartosz
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of [2]rotaxanes stoppered with one or two dipyrromethane groups has opened a route for the construction of mechanically interlocked molecules incorporating various porphyrinoid stations. The exploitation of those precursors allowed the creation of [3]rotaxanes and [2]catenanes based on the calix[4]phyrin motif, presenting intriguing molecular dynamics. The intrinsic flexibility of the porphyrinoid allowed the introduction of a new type of molecular motion within the rotaxanes, termed fluttering. The latter involved a bending of the axle, interconverting two angular‐shaped stereoisomers of the rotaxane through a planarised transition state. Simple chemical transformations, i.e. methylation and (de)protonation of the [3]rotaxane and [2]catenane allowed controllable transformations within the conformationally flexible calix[4]phyrin‐incorporated mechanically interlocked porphyrinoids.
Clinical Issues — September 2024
Authors: Jones Emily
Published: August 2024

THIS MONTH

Selecting nonsterile sharps disposal containers

Key words: sharps safety, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), bloodborne pathogens, occupational exposure, disposal container.

Life support certification requirements for perioperative RNs

Key words: basic life support, advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), cardiopulmonary resuscitation, certification, training.

Using crisis checklists in the perioperative environment

Key words: emergency manuals, cognitive aids, clinical emergencies, crew resource management, crisis checklist.

Walking patients to the OR

Key words: fall prevention, fall risk, mobility assessment, safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM), ambulate.
Investigating the utility of the AQ‐10 in children and adolescents assessed in an outpatient ARFID clinic
Authors: Archibald Tanith , Willmott Emma , Kelly Cate , Bradbury Louise , Hugo Pippa , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel
Published: August 2024

The high co‐occurrence of autism and eating disorders is well established, including for those with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). It is therefore important to consider autism and identify possible autism when people present to eating disorder services to ascertain whether further assessment is indicated, to support clinical formulation and to make appropriate adaptations during interventions. This paper explores the utility of a validated autism screening measure, the AQ‐10, in a population of children and adolescents who presented to an outpatient eating disorders clinic for an assessment of possible ARFID. Over 19 months, 335 young people were assessed and 246 families with children aged between 4 and 17 years completed one of three versions of the AQ‐10 (Child, Adolescent, and Adult), as part of a battery of routinely administered pre‐assessment questionnaires. Results indicated that 80.2% (n = 69) of those with an existing autism diagnosis scored above clinical threshold of ≥6 (M = 7.2, SD = 1.9), 43.9% (n = 43) of those queried to be autistic scored above clinical threshold (M = 5.2, SD = 2.5), and 6.5% (n = 4) of non‐autistic individuals scored above clinical threshold (M = 2.8, SD = 1.8). Additionally, the AQ‐10 satisfactorily discriminated between those with a known autism diagnosis and those who are not autistic across all age groups and sex. We conclude that the AQ‐10, alongside a comprehensive clinical assessment and clinical judgment, is a useful screening tool that can support clinicians to identify appropriate onward referrals for autism assessments, aid clinical formulation, and consider appropriate adaptations and reasonable adjustments during ARFID interventions.
Multielectron Transfer in Halogen Batteries
Authors: Li Pei , Wang Yiqiao , Zhi Chunyi
Published: August 2024

Multielectron transfer in halogen batteries is a promising solution in pursuing high‐energy‐density and affordable energy storage systems. Interest in rich chemistries derived from unique valence electron structures of halogens is surging in electrode material design. However, deploying multielectron transfer chemistry comes with challenges, including limited redox reactivity and degrees of electrochemical irreversibility, which contribute to poor charging and cycling. To address these challenges, researchers explore physical/chemical strategies to activate high valence reactions and more electron transfer numbers and fix unstable valence state species through electrolyte and electrode regulation. This Concept presents the basic understanding of multielectron transfer electrochemistry concerning theoretical energy capabilities and electronic configuration evolutions. We divide multielectron transfer into two types: single and multi‐redox centers, providing an overview of the current development of multielectron transfer and hoping it will spur more intensive efforts towards a diverse energy future.
Paternal Valproate Treatment and Risk of Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Precautionary Regulatory Measures Are Insufficiently Substantiated
Authors: Garey Joan D. , Damkier Per , Scialli Anthony R. , Lusskin Shari , Braddock Stephen R. , Chouchana Laurent , Cleary Brian , Conover Elizabeth A. , Diav‐Citrin Orna , Dragovich Rachel S. , Garcia‐Bournissen Facundo , Hodson Ken , Kennedy Debra , Lamm Steven H. , Lavigne Sharon A. , Običan Sarah G. , Panchaud Alice , Perrotta Kirstie , Romeo Alfred N. , Shechtman Svetlana , Weber‐Schoendorfer Corinna
Published: August 2024

On January 12, 2024 the safety committee of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended precautionary measures over a potential risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born to men treated with valproate. These new measures recommend patient supervision by a specialist in the management of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, or migraine. In the United Kingdom, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) issued a far more stringent precaution, warning against prescribing valproate to anyone under 55 years of age. We, members of the European Network of Teratology Information Services (ENTIS) and the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS), believe that the EMA and MHRA warnings were premature. We are of the opinion that the underlying scientific data do not convincingly substantiate the inference of a paternally mediated risk from valproate to children, much less to an extent that justifies these far‐reaching recommendations.
Synthesis of sildenafil and its derivatives bearing pyrazolo‐pyrimidinones scaffold
Authors: Lee Seung Su , Oh Chang Ho
Published: August 2024

The pyrazole ring structure is extensively spotted as a pharmacophore and fortify‐cation of the modern organic synthesis toolbox, which demands synthetic tactics to generate its derivatives. Especially, pyrazolo‐pyrimidinones are crucial part to synthesize phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) such as sildenafil and lodenafil. Herein, we report a simple and efficient route for Sildenafil and derivatives from easily available materials.
Digital technology adoption in circular startups: An integrated framework
Authors: Hajoary Pinosh Kumar , Jennifer Dolly Sweetlin , Pathak Mayank
Published: August 2024

While the role of digital technologies (DTs) in facilitating entrepreneurship is well established, research on understanding the role of DTs among circular start‐ups as part of their overall strategy is scarce. This is vital from the perspective of emerging economies, such as India. The study aims to identify and analyse the factors influencing digital technology adoption in circular start‐ups using the Technology‐Organisation‐Environment (TOE) framework and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to form a novel Circular Startup Digital Adoption (CSDA) framework. In addition to integrating the TOE framework and TAM, the study utilises a systematic literature review with subject‐matter‐expert (SME) consultation in order to determine the factors of the CSDA framework. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is among the first studies to analyse the factors behind the adoption of DTs by circular startups from an emerging economy perspective, offering theoretical, managerial and policy implications.
Outcomes among patients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction on chronic anticoagulation: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Younes Ahmed M. , Hashem Ahmed , Maraey Ahmed , Khalil Mahmoud , Elzanaty Ahmed , Elgendy Islam Y.
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic systemic anticoagulation use is prevalent for various thromboembolic conditions. Anticoagulation (usually through heparin products) is also recommended for the initial management of non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Aims

To evaluate the in‐hospital outcomes of patients with NSTEMI who have been on chronic anticoagulation.

Methods

Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) years 2016–2020, NSTEMI patients and patients with chronic anticoagulation were identified using the appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 10th version (ICD‐10) appropriate codes. The primary outcome was all‐cause in‐hospital mortality while the secondary outcomes included major bleeding, ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA), early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (i.e., within 24 h of admission), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) during hospitalization, length of stay (LOS), and total charges. Multivariate logistic or linear regression analyses were performed after adjusting for patient‐level and hospital‐level factors.

Results

Among 2,251,914 adult patients with NSTEMI, 190,540 (8.5%) were on chronic anticoagulation. Chronic anticoagulation use was associated with a lower incidence of in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65−0.73, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in major bleeding (aOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.88−1.0, p = 0.15) or ischemic CVA (aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.03−1.69, p = 0.15). Chronic anticoagulation use was associated with a lower incidence of early PCI (aOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.76−0.80, p < 0.001) and CABG (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.41−0.45, p < 0.001). Chronic anticoagulation was also associated with decreased LOS and total charges (adjusted mean difference [aMD]: −0.8 days, 95% CI: −0.86 to −0.75, p < 0.001) and (aMD: $−19,340, 95% CI: −20,692 to −17,988, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Among patients admitted with NSTEMI, chronic anticoagulation use was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality, LOS, and total charges, with no difference in the incidence of major bleeding.
Outcomes of revascularization of stenotic inframalleolar lesions in chronic limb‐threatening ischemia
Authors: Suzuki Riho , Dannoura Yutaka , Makino Takao , Yokoshiki Hisashi
Published: August 2024

Background

For chronic limb‐threatening ischemia, revascularization has been reported for occlusions but not for stenosis in the inframalleolar (IM) lesions. We investigated the clinical outcomes of balloon dilation for stenotic IM lesions distal to the treatment target in the infrapopliteal (IP) legion.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had chronic limb‐threatening ischemia and underwent revascularization of stenotic IM lesions distal to the target IP lesions between January 2015 and August 2022. The outcome measures were amputation‐free survival, wound healing rate, and freedom from target IM reintervention.

Results

The 87 patients had a mean age of 72.7 ± 10.7 years and comprised 67.8% men, 74.7% with diabetes mellitus, 55.2% on dialysis, 33.3% who had Rutherford six classification. The amputation‐free survival (AFS), wound healing, and freedom from target IM reintervention rates at 1 year were 82.9%, 53.3%, and 58.4%, respectively. On Cox proportional multivariate analysis, the predictors were Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) ≥3 and diffuse stenosis in the target IM vessels for delayed wound healing and Global Limb Anatomic Staging System stage Ⅲ and ≥3 diseased IM vessels before endovascular therapy for target IM reintervention. At the time of reintervention, the lesion morphology had progressed from stenosis to occlusion in 50% of cases.

Conclusions

In patients with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia, revascularization of stenosis in IM lesions showed a high reintervention rate and progression of lesion morphology, although AFS and wound‐healing rates were acceptable.
Recognizing perforated Meckel's diverticulum: A crucial differential in acute appendicitis imitation
Authors: Shaikh Faiza Azeema , KA Dilip Vasant , Shaikh Humaira , Oduoye Malik Olatunde
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Meckel's diverticulitis (MD) mimics acute appendicitis with right lower abdominal pain. Clinicians must consider MD in acute abdomen cases to avoid diagnostic delays. Perforated MD can lead to serious complications. Timely use of advanced imaging and surgical assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is a gastrointestinal congenital anomaly that signifies a persistent remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct. While frequently asymptomatic, its complications vary widely, ranging from mild and painless to potentially life‐threatening conditions. This is a case of a 4‐year‐old female patient with sudden abdominal pain and tenderness, with an elusive cause before surgery. The definitive diagnosis of a perforated MD was established during diagnostic laparoscopy due to worsening symptoms. Detecting MD and its potential complications requires a high degree of suspicion. Once recognized, prompt management is essential to prevent further complications. Although perforation is uncommon in MD, its symptoms can mimic acute appendicitis, confusing emergency settings. This article underscores the significance of diagnosing MD, despite its rarity, and emphasizes the necessity for swift treatment upon identification.
Evaluating the sintering behaviors of ceramic oxide powders processed via binder jet additive manufacturing
Authors: Jimenez Edgar Mendoza , Aman Bashu , Ehrman Olivia , Beuth Jack , Reeja‐Jayan B
Published: August 2024

Binder jet additive manufacturing is well suited for fabricating large (order of cm) and geometrically complex ceramic preforms. However, the main challenge in producing ceramic oxide parts via binder jetting is the high‐temperature postprocess tasked with eliminating internal porosity to achieve full densities. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to produce oxide ceramic parts with desirable densities by sintering binder jetted preforms. We investigate the sintering behavior of binder jetted preforms composed of three oxide powders with distinct morphologies: ball‐milled alumina, gas‐atomized silica, and sintered‐agglomerated zirconia. We fabricate the preform samples using a commercial binder jetting system and a conventional die‐pressing technique to understand the effect of starting densities. Furthermore, we parametrize the heating profiles to understand the effect of sintering temperature, sintering duration, and heating rate on each powder's densification behavior, microstructure, and phase composition. Results show the relatively low starting densities within the binder jetted preforms caused the onset sintering temperature to be higher than what is documented in conventional sintering studies. As expected, we observed sintered densities increase with respect to sintering temperature and duration. These findings were utilized to downselect sintering parameters capable of achieving high densities (>96%). Herein, this study validates the sintering of binder jetted preforms as a suitable way to manufacture ceramic parts, regardless of powder morphologies, thereby increasing the robustness of the supply chain involved in additive manufacturing of ceramic oxides.
Elucidating the Intricate Roles of Gut and Breast Microbiomes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Bone
Authors: Naik Amruta , Godbole Mukul S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the most predominant and heterogeneous cancer in women. Moreover, breast cancer has a high prevalence to metastasize to distant organs, such as the brain, lungs, and bones. Patients with breast cancer metastasis to the bones have poor overall and relapse‐free survival. Moreover, treatment using chemotherapy and immunotherapy is ineffective in preventing or reducing cancer metastasis.

Recent Findings

Microorganisms residing in the gut and breast, termed as the resident microbiome, have a significant influence on the formation and progression of breast cancer. Recent studies have identified some microorganisms that induce breast cancer metastasis to the bone. These organisms utilize multiple mechanisms, including induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, steroid hormone metabolism, immune modification, bone remodeling, and secretion of microbial products that alter tumor microenvironment, and enhance propensity of breast cancer cells to metastasize. However, their involvement makes these microorganisms suitable as novel therapeutic targets. Thus, studies are underway to prevent and reduce breast cancer metastasis to distant organs, including the bone, using chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic drugs, along with probiotics, antibiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation.

Conclusions

The present review describes association of gut and breast microbiomes with bone metastases. We have elaborated on the mechanisms utilized by breast and gut microbiomes that induce breast cancer metastasis, especially to the bone. The review also highlights the current treatment options that may target both the microbiomes for preventing or reducing breast cancer metastases. Finally, we have specified the necessity of maintaining a diverse gut microbiome to prevent dysbiosis, which otherwise may induce breast carcinogenesis and metastasis especially to the bone. The review may facilitate more detailed investigations of the causal associations between these microbiomes and bone metastases. Moreover, the potential treatment options described in the review may promote discussions and research on the modes to improve survival of patients with breast cancer by targeting the gut and breast microbiomes.
Fair XIDS: Ensuring fairness and transparency in intrusion detection models
Authors: Chinu  , Bansal Urvashi
Published: August 2024

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is valuable for detecting anomalies and unauthorized access to a system or network. Due to the black‐box nature of these IDS models, network experts need more trust in systems to act on alerts and transparency to understand the model's inner logic. Moreover, biased models' decisions affect the model performance and increase the false positive rates, directly affecting the model's accuracy. So, maintaining Transparency and Fairness simultaneously in IDS models is essential for accurate decision‐making. Existing methods face challenges of the tradeoff between fairness and accuracy, which also affects the reliability and robustness of the model. Motivated by these research gaps, we developed the Fair‐XIDS model. This model clarifies its internal logic with visual explanations and promotes fairness across its entire lifecycle. The Fair‐XIDS model successfully integrates complex transparency and fairness algorithms to address issues like Imbalanced datasets, algorithmic bias, and postprocessing bias with an average 85% reduction in false positive rate. To ensure reliability, the proposed model effectively mitigates the tradeoff between accuracy and fairness with an average of 90% accuracy and more than 85% fairness. The assessment results of the proposed model over diverse datasets and classifiers mark its model‐agnostic nature. Overall, the model achieves more than 85% consistency among diverse classifiers.
Strong Covalent Metal‐Ligand Interaction Enables a Fast Kinetic and Structurally Stable Na‐Ion Layered Cathode
Authors: Li Jing‐Chang , Xu Sheng , Tian Jiaming , Peng Bo , Sun Yu , Tang Jiayi , Liu Zhaoguo , Liu Yuankai , Zuo Daxian , Xu Chengrong , Rao Yuan , Deng Yu , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua
Published: August 2024

Anionic redox chemistry has attracted increasing attention for the improvement in the reversible capacity and energy density of cathode materials in Li/Na‐ion batteries. However, adverse electrochemical behaviors, such as voltage hysteresis and sluggish kinetics resulting from weak metal‐ligand interactions, commonly occur with anionic redox reactions. Currently, the mechanistic investigation driving these issues still remains foggy. Here, we chemically designed Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 and Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2 as model cathodes to explore the covalency effects on metal‐ligand interactions during anionic redox process. Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 with strengthened covalent interaction of metal‐ligand bonds exhibits smaller voltage hysteresis and faster kinetics than Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2 during (de)sodiation process. Theoretical calculations suggest that Fe is the dominant redox‐active center in Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2, whereas the redox‐active center moves from Fe to O with the removal of Na+ in Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2. We attribute the above different redox behaviors between Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 and Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2 to the charge transfer kinetics from ligand to metal. Moreover, the structural stability of Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 is enhanced by increasing the cation migration barriers through strong metal‐ligand bonds during desodiation. These insights into the originality of metal‐ligand interactions provide guidance for the design of high‐capacity and structurally stable cathode materials for Li/Na‐ion batteries.
Seasonal variation in the ranging behavior of elephants in the Laikipia‐Samburu ecosystem
Authors: Kuria Loise W. , Kimuyu Duncan M. , Kinyanjui Mwangi J. , Wittemyer George , Ihwagi Festus W.
Published: August 2024

African savanna elephants are a highly mobile species that ranges widely across the diversity of ecosystems they inhabit. In xeric environments, elephant movement patterns are largely dictated by the availability of water and suitable forage resources, which can drive strong seasonal changes in their movement behavior. In this study, we analyzed a unique movement dataset from 43 collared elephants, collected over a period of 10 years, to assess the degree to which seasonal changes influences home range size of elephants in the semi‐arid, Laikipia‐Samburu ecosystem of northern Kenya. Auto‐correlated Kernel Density Estimation (AKDE) was used to estimate elephants' seasonal home range size. For each individual elephant, we also calculated seasonal home range shifts, as the distance between wet season home range centroids and dry season home range centroids. Core areas (50% AKDE isopleths) of all individual elephants ranged from 3 to 1743 km2 whereas total home range sizes (the 95% AKDE isopleths) ranged between 15 and 10,677 km2. Core areas and home range sizes were 67% and 61% larger, respectively, during the wet season than during the dry season. On average, the core area centroids for all elephants were 17 km away from the nearest river (range 0.2–150.3 km). Females had their core areas closer to the river than males (13.5 vs. 27.5 km). Females differed from males in their response to seasonal variation. Specifically, females tended to occupy areas farther from the river during the wet season, while males occupied areas further from the river during the dry season. Our study highlights how elephants adjust their space use seasonally, which can be incorporated into conservation area planning in the face of increased uncertainty in rainfall patterns due to climate change.
Role of energy natural resource productivity and environmental taxation in controlling environmental pollution: Policy‐based analysis for regions
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhai Guoqing , Ma Xiaowei , Si Mohammed Kamel , Bilan Yuriy , Nassani Abdelmohsen A.
Published: August 2024

The present study explores the impact of energy natural resource productivity and environmental tax on environmental sustainability in six major CO2‐emitting economies: the Euro Area, China, South Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, from 1997 to 2019. This analysis aims to reveal novel findings and implications for different energy natural resource productivity types and environmental regulations. We employed data regarding leading national and regional CO2 emitters from 1997 to 2020 to conduct an empirical analysis using the panel non‐linear auto‐regressive distributed lag (NARDL) and panel quantile ARDL (QARDL) methods. The results show that energy natural resource productivity and environmental tax are crucial components in reducing CO2 emissions by controlling for innovation technology and renewable energy consumption. The main findings demonstrate that the impact is stronger in the presence of increased energy natural resource productivity and vice versa. These findings have novel implications for sustainable development and carbon neutrality.
The price elasticity of heated tobacco and cigarette demand: Empirical evaluation across countries
Authors: Dauchy Estelle , Shang Ce
Published: August 2024

The market for heated tobacco products (HTPs) has grown rapidly in recent years, and many governments have started to include HTPs in tax codes to regulate their use. Currently, the evidence on how HTP prices impact tobacco use behaviors or whether consumers consider them as economic substitutes for cigarettes is lacking. This study is the first to answer these questions with a unique database to assess the own‐ and cross‐ price elasticities of HTP and cigarette demand. We collect a unique database of quarterly retail prices and sales of heated tobacco units and comparable scale cigarettes from 2014 to 2022, available for most countries where both HTPs and cigarettes are sold, and estimate the own‐ and cross‐ price elasticities of cigarette and HTP demand using a seemingly unrelated regression model. We find that HTP demand is price elastic (i.e., sensitive to prices) and has an own‐price elasticity of −1.2 to −1.3, about four times greater than the own‐price elasticity of cigarettes, which is about −0.3. We also find that cigarettes and HTPs are weak economic substitutes: while HTP demand is responsive to higher cigarette prices, cigarette demand is not sensitive to HTP prices. Our results suggest that tax policies that increase HTP and cigarette prices simultaneously will reduce HTP consumption without increasing cigarette consumption.
Two‐dimensional finite element inverse heat transfer approach with conjugate gradient method to evaluate the energy requirement of bread under various conditions
Authors: Reddy Ravula Sudharshan , Arepally Divyasree , Datta Ashis K.
Published: August 2024

Direct heat transfer problems can be solved analytically or numerically to predict the temperature profile when the thermal properties, boundary conditions, and other relevant parameters are known. Though it is common practice to measure temperature experimentally, heat transfer parameters and boundary conditions are more challenging to measure and can instead be inferred through the use of inverse heat transfer (IHT) techniques, which can be solved through optimization. In this study, the IHT method with the conjugate gradient method is used to determine the energy consumption of bread during the cooking process in a developed baking oven with and without a reflector. A complex variable differentiation method is integrated to calculate the accurate sensitivity coefficient matrix. The results demonstrated that the estimated heat flux is very close to the exact heat flux and relative error is less than measurement errors.