bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prognostic significance of preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and interleukin-6 level in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Shaoqi , Sun Yongming , Cai Longjun , Zhang Jianjun
Published: June 2024

Background

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most prevalent type of bladder cancer, typically associated with a favorable prognosis and a risk of recurrence during the follow-up period. Inflammatory markers have been used to predict prognosis in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of the readily accessible inflammatory markers, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in NMIBC.

Methods

The study comprised a retrospective analysis of clinical data collected from NMIBC patients diagnosed between October 2018 and October 2020. PLR was calculated using the routine preoperative blood test results, and preoperative IL-6 levels were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for PLR and IL-6 level and the optimal cut-off values were determined using Youden's index. Survival curves were generated to evaluate the association between PLR and IL-6, and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. A nomogram and calibration curve were generated to assess the clinical significance of the model.

Results

The ROC curves demonstrated that PLR and IL-6 levels were significantly associated with tumor pathology grade, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.833 (95% CI 0.757, 0.910) for PLR and 0.724 (95% CI 0.622, 0.825) for IL-6 levels. PLR and IL-6 levels were also positively associated with tumor recurrence, with AUC values of 0.647 (95% CI 0.538, 0.756) and 0.846 (95% CI 0.769, 0.924), respectively. The survival curves indicated that patients with high PLR and high IL-6 levels had shorter RFS than those with low PLR and low IL-6 level ( P < 0.01). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that age, tumor size, tumor number, pathological grade, PLR and IL-6 were potential risk factors for NMIBC recurrence. Multivariate analysis further revealed that tumor number, smoking, PLR, and IL-6 were independent risk factors for NMIBC recurrence ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory markers (PLR and IL-6) are useful predictors of RFS in NMIBC patients at the time of initial diagnosis. High PLR and high IL-6 were identified as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence and could serve as potential biological markers for prediction of NMIBC recurrence.
Memory and whaling: Commemorations of whale deaths in early modern Japan
Authors: Damian Michelle
Published: June 2024

Encounters with whales in early modern (seventeenth- to nineteenth-century) Japan were often memorialized through artwork such as scrolls or woodblock prints, permanent monuments such as steles or grave sites, and even in ritual practices such as annual Buddhist memorial ceremonies. Whaling groups used the commemorations of their interactions with whales to teach hunting techniques, display their prowess to outsiders, and atone for the Buddhist sin of killing another living creature. Non-whaling communities, which usually encountered whales through limited beachings or strandings, also found those situations worthy of commemoration. Their memorials celebrated the spectacle of the whale from the observer's viewpoint, or expressed gratitude for the financial windfall the dead whale brought to the community. This article examines how a community's relationship to whaling determined how it memorialized the encounter. These early modern memorial practices inform commemorations of whales even to the present day.
Novel Use of Fractal Analysis for Quantifying Polymethylmethacrylate Distribution Patterns in Osteoporotic and Malignant Vertebral Compression Fractures Following Vertebroplasty
Authors: Nasralla Mehran , Islam Shahriar , Vucevic Diana , Murphy Kieran
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Fractal analysis is a mathematical tool which allows the evaluation of complex microstructural features within materials that cannot be expressed in traditional geometric terms. The purpose of this study is to quantify the differences in polymethylmethacrylate intravertebral cement spatial distribution patterns following vertebroplasty using fractal analysis through the examination of osteoporotic and malignant compression fractures. Methods: Frontal and lateral post-vertebroplasty radiographs were evaluated from 29 patients with osteoporotic and malignant compression fractures who underwent vertebroplasty. The individually treated vertebra were divided into osteoporotic (n = 35) and malignant groups (n = 41). Images underwent segmentation, thresholding, and binarization prior to fractal analysis. Fractal dimension and lacunarity values were derived from the region of interest in treated vertebrae using the “box-counting” and “gliding-box” techniques respectively using ImageJ. The mean values of both parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The mean fractal dimension was significantly higher in the malignant vertebral compression fracture group (1.53 ± 0.08) compared to the osteoporotic group (1.34 ± 0.17; P < .001). Similarly, mean lacunarity values were significantly higher in the malignant fracture group (0.50 ± 0.09) compared to the osteoporotic group (0.37 ± 0.10; P < .001). Conclusions: Fractal dimension and lacunarity values of cement spatial distribution patterns obtained from the post-vertebroplasty radiographs can differentiate between benign osteoporotic and malignant vertebral compression fractures. This novel technique may be useful for evaluating cement spatial distribution patterns in spine augmentation procedures, although further research is warranted in this area.
COVID-19 Emergency Governance in Croatia: The Case of Perpetual Exception and Securitized Disenfranchisement
Authors: Bužinkić Emina , Šelo Šabić Senada
Published: June 2024

This article critically examines the governance of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia, focusing on the interrogation of (r-e)merging forms of governance amid perpetual crises. Our analysis dissects governmental strategies that formed a state of exception while derailing from the constitutional framing of a state of emergency. This intentional deviation served to re-solidify the intertwining politics of ethno-nationalism and securitization, rooted in a long trajectory of Croatian emergency governance, from the 1990s onwards. Moreover, the article scrutinizes the effects of governance during the pandemic on migrants and other minoritized populations. Through two case studies, we look into inequalities reproduced against racially, ethnically, culturally, and class-wise different social groups. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of crisis governance in a context of uncertain futurities.
Predictive modeling for design of low elastic modulus and biocompatible β-Ti alloys: A comprehensive machine learning-data driven approach with XGBoost as the key predictor
Authors: Kanapaakala Gouthamaraj , Subramani Venkatesan
Published: June 2024

Mechanical compatibility and biocompatibility are critical considerations in the design of β-Ti alloys. The former hinges on achieving a reduced elastic modulus, while the latter is contingent on the toxic alloying element’s absence. Although conventional alloy design methods have been employed for developing low-modulus β-Ti alloys, these theoretical approaches encounter limitations due to the high non-linear relationship between composition and elastic modulus. To address these challenges and improve the design of low-modulus and biocompatible β-Ti alloys, an alternative approach utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques has been explored. ML leverages sophisticated algorithms to discern intricate connections between material composition and elastic modulus, making it a promising avenue for alloy design. In this study, seven supervised ML regression models were developed and compared to identify the most effective model for the given dataset. Notably, the XGBoost model exhibited superior performance compared to the other models, boasting a remarkable accuracy with an R-squared ( R2) value of 0.962 and an RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of 3.16 GPa for the test data. Due to the inherent complexity of comprehending the structures and patterns present within datasets and simultaneously formulating effective predictive models, this study pursued the exploration of dependable models through the avenue of statistical inference analysis, a novel approach yet unexplored in prior research studies. Furthermore, a feature importance analysis was conducted to ascertain crucial input parameters significantly influencing the output, based on the best-performing model. The validity of the best model’s results was confirmed by comparing them with experimental data, ensuring the reliability and applicability of the ML-based alloy design method.
Effect of infill pattern on the mechanical properties of PLA and ABS specimens prepared by FDM 3D printing
Authors: Patel Shishir , Gupta Sneha , Saket Harshit , Bakna Kamesh , Patel Shiv Singh , Kumar Surender , Ramakoteswara Rao Veeravalli , Mandava Ravi Kumar
Published: June 2024

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a three-dimensional printing technique which has become more popular and spreading in many fields. In this process, the molten thermoplastic is deposited layer by layer using a heated nozzle. Users can set the infill pattern to save the material and printing time. The main objective of this study is to investigate the tensile properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) tensile specimens with different infill patterns such as lines, tri-hexagonal and lightning. Further, the test specimens were prepared as per ASTM D638 using Ender 3D printer with varying infill patterns. The specimens were subjected to tensile tests in a mechanical tensile testing machine. It was observed that the specimens with linear infill patterns obtained higher tensile strength than the tri-hexagonal and lightning pattern infilled specimens. Later on, a microstructural study was examined on the fractured surface using scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM). It shows that the line pattern specimens have more uniform structure when compared to hexagonal and lightning pattern specimens.
Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and doravirine in a virologically suppressed adult with HIV and on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: A case report
Authors: Bickenbach Elizabeth , Pan Jonathan , King Mackie
Published: June 2024

Data supporting the safe and effective use of first-line antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remains limited. Previously in this journal, the first case report of BIC/FTC/TAF use in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was presented. We present the first known case of DOR + FTC/TAF in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
COVID-19 and Dependence Between Oil and Renewable Energy Stocks: C-Vine Copula Approach
Authors: Siddiqui Saif , Kaur Rajbeer
Published: June 2024

This article analyses the dependence structure between traditional energy prices traditional oil indices and renewable energy stock indices employing Canonical Vine (C-Vine) copula based GARCH approach. The analysis is conducted before and during-COVID-pandemic period. Renewable energy stock is represented by SPGCE and CLEANTECH index, whereas traditional energy is represented by WTI crude oil and OVX. The empirical analysis indicated increasing asymmetric dependence between WTI crude and renewable energy indices during COVID-19. However, WTI crude oil is not found to be the primary determinant for influencing renewable energy stocks. In fact, we find a strong association between SPGCE and CLEANTECH and degree of dependence escalated during COVID-19 period. Besides this, the dependence structure between WTI crude and CLEANTECH changes from the upper tail dependence to lower tail dependence signifying the consequences of low economic activities on the technology sector. Furthermore, the dependence between OVX and SPGCE conditional on WTI reveal the scope of diversification as dependence parameters are insignificant. These findings are robust considering alternative GARCH specifications and alternative oil future benchmark and renewable energy stock index. The results provide useful implications for the energy policymakers and investors.
Truth on ProQOL and Burnout Assessment—Development and Intercultural Validation of the Brief ProQOL-12 from the Professional Quality of Life, Version 5
Authors: Hotchkiss Jason T. , Wong Claudia Ming Yu
Published: June 2024

Objective

The prevalence of burnout is becoming a public health issue across the world. This study developed and validated Brief ProQOL-12, formed from the existing, but yet unvalidated 30-item ProQOL-5.

Methods

Study 1—Eight intercultural samples of helping professionals from four continents (n = 4,129). Validation included step-wise appraisal and multi-group invariance testing. Study 2—Ethnically and occupationally-balanced sample (n = 453). Rasch modeling, factor analysis, analysis of measure correlates, and scale refinements.

Results

ProQOL-5 (30-item) did not fit among any continential or national samples, including North America. Study 1—Provisional ProQOL-12 showed good internal structure and measurement invariance. Study 2—Brief ProQOL-12 had an excellent fit in the ethnically and occupationally diverse sample. Included ProQOL 5 items were: 9, 10, 12-14, 18, 19, 21, 24-26, and 30. The reliability and validity of the Brief ProQOL-12 were significantly improved over the 30-item measure. Rasch modeling and factor analysis indicated that the measure was reliable, valid interculturally and occupationally.

Conclusions

The ProQOL-5 (30-item) reliability and validity concerns were resolved in this 12-item measure which was refined to include a more realistic time context of seven days and time definite Likert ranges. These enhancements increased validity, as evidenced by the improvement in all model fit indicators in the excellent range in Study 2. Transcending culture and ethnicity with proven psychometric robustness, the Brief ProQOL-12 serves as a valuable resource for evaluating burnout risk and well-being across heterogeneous ethnic, cultural, and occupational landscapes.
A Dedicated Multidisciplinary Growth and Feeding Clinic for Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate Demonstrates Need for Intervention
Authors: Prezelski Kayla , Villarreal Acha Daniel , Ngo Tuong-Vi Cindy , Wilson Caitlin , Thrasher Vania , Trevino Kandi , Van’t Slot Cortney , Hallac Rami R. , Seaward James R. , Kane Alex A.
Published: June 2024

Objective

A Growth and Feeding Clinic (GFC) focused on early intervention around feeding routines in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) was implemented.

Design

This study assessed the effect of preoperative feeding interventions provided by the GFC.

Setting

Tertiary academic center.

Methods

This study evaluated patients with CL/P who were cared for by the GFC and a control group of patients with CL/P. Weight-for-age (WFA) Z-score of less than −2.00 was used as a cutoff to classify patients who were underweight during the preoperative period.

Main Outcome Measure

The number of underweight patients who were able to reach normal weight by the time of their cleft lip repair was used as the primary outcome measure.

Results

Within both the GFC and control groups, 25% of patients with CL/P were underweight as determined by WFA Z-score. GFC patients who were underweight received more clinic visits ( P < .001) and GFC interventions ( P < .001) compared to GFC patients who were normal weight. At the time of cleft lip surgery, 64.1% of GFC underweight patients were normal weight compared to 31.8% of control group underweight patients ( P = .0187).

Conclusion

This study showed that multidisciplinary care provided by the GFC was able to target preoperative nutritional interventions to the highest-risk patients, resulting in double the percentage of patients who were of normal weight at the time of their cleft lip repair. These results provide objective proof supporting the assertion that multidisciplinary team care of the infant with cleft leads to measurable improvement in outcomes.
Sustainability-oriented service innovation and customer satisfaction in hospitality: Assessing the impact of value co-creation, ecological knowledge and gender
Authors: Bordian Mariia , Gil-Saura Irene , Fuentes-Blasco María , Ruíz-Molina María Eugenia , Berenguer-Contrí Gloria
Published: June 2024

In response to recent research calls on sustainability, innovation and consumer behaviour, in this article, the following objectives are pursued: (1) to empirically test the relationships between the newly introduced variable, the so-called ‘sustainability-oriented service innovation’ (SOSI), ecological knowledge and value co-creation; (2) to observe whether SOSI, ecological knowledge and value co-creation boost customer satisfaction; and (3) to examine the moderating effect of gender on the proposed relationships. The data were collected through a panel of hotel guests applying quota sampling in Spain in 2020. In total, 405 valid questionnaires were obtained. The partial least squares structural equations modelling was used to analyse the data, test hypotheses and conduct a multigroup analysis. The results allow a contribution to the body of knowledge by observing the advantages of simultaneous implementation of sustainability and innovation in the hotel industry through a novel approach such as SOSI. The finding supports the SOSI effect of SOSI on value co-creation. However, it is shown that the effect of SOSI on satisfaction is significant only if value co-creation acts as a mediator. Ecological knowledge is also a significant antecedent of SOSI and satisfaction; however, it impacts value co-creation indirectly through SOSI. Furthermore, significant moderating effects of gender were found in the relationship between SOSI and value co-creation, highlighting the more robust relationship between variables for women. Finally, regarding practical implications, the results reinforce the importance for hotel managers to develop innovative and sustainable actions and interact with the clients to increase their satisfaction.
Forming brown commons through queer joy in butiki/baboy: A pride conversation series
Authors: Ramirez Ian Rafael
Published: June 2024

In June 2023, Bangkô collective and Tambay Times Kids mobilized Filipino cis-heterosexual women and LGBTQ+ individuals to converse in a gathering which they called Butiki/Baboy: A Pride Conversation Series. Butiki/Baboy (literally Lizard/Pig) references a Filipino nursery song that goes “girl, boy, bakla, tomboy, butiki, baboy,” where butiki and baboy pertain to the made-inhuman others—those who are gender nonconforming and do not fit “Westernised” beauty standards. Conceived to discuss mundane queer topics that are the excess of relevant subjects highlighted during Pride Month, the 2023 iterations of Butiki/Baboy held at multiple sites around Los Baños, Laguna in the Philippines included sessions that revolved around narratives of queer intimacies of community development workers, queerbaiting on social media, radical joys in the mundanity of unfinished projects, and messy ecologies formed in the wilderness. This essay is interested in unpacking and understanding how queer joy emanates from this gathering of cisheterosexual women and LGBTQ+ individuals who are primarily cultural and creative workers, artists, and community development workers. It asks how queer joy, through Butiki/Baboy, affords moments of commoning. Taking the cue from José Esteban Muñoz who explains that the multifarious yet shared experience of suffering and hriving forms brown commons, I argue that Butiki/Baboy facilitated a space for engendering queer joy—that thing that is being banished from queer communities by an interlocking web of powers that tags queer bodies as unworthy and inhuman.
Utopian Hopes? Dystopian Fears?
Authors: Badley Graham
Published: June 2024

I use a discussion about our human hopes for a this-worldly utopia as a counter-choice to allowing the world to drift or neglect its way into its own forms of dystopia. The signs are clear, including those of climate change and increasing authoritarianism.
Hubris occurrence, management and accountability in higher education institutions in Australia
Authors: Akstinaite Vita , Lewis Mellisa
Published: June 2024

Hubris refers to an individual's display of self-assurance, pride or excessive confidence and has been presented in the extant literature to describe the language used by hubristic leaders. Therefore, this research explores the characteristic features of hubristic discourse in higher education and its potential link to the organisation's financial outcomes. By using computational linguistics to analyse written discourse samples of 20 Australian Vice-Chancellor's Addresses in the university's annual reports for the 10-year period, this research identifies linguistic markers of Vice-Chancellor hubris (increased use of negations, discrepancy words, power and achievement-oriented language) and their link to financial outcomes. As the role of the Vice-Chancellor has been compared in literature to that of the CEO, exploring if and how hubris’ symptoms manifest in language use can contribute towards explaining agency problems, accountability issues and the ongoing ethical debate over pay for performance in higher education. This research has implications for university key stakeholders such as government bodies, for standard setters who oversee the preparation of university financial reports and those who assume leadership roles within tertiary institutions.
Zones where corner kicks are most effective in the penalty box: Is there a sweet spot?
Authors: Tütüncü Onur , Mehta Saumya , Memmert Daniel
Published: June 2024

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of corner kicks, analyze the goal patterns resulting from corner kicks, and develop a model for the implementation of optimal corner kick strategies. The study used a descriptive retrospective design, and the data consisted of 455.898 corner kicks from matches played by 768 teams in 33 different leagues and an international tournament (UEFA). Six different models based on logistic regression were developed and analyzed. The results showed that more goals were scored from certain zones (1c, 2b, and 2c) inside the penalty area than from others ( p < 0.001). According to logistic regression, zones 1c and 2c increased the probability of scoring a goal by 1.12 and 1.08 times, respectively, compared to other regions. In addition, it is noticeable that the probability of scoring from the zones varies considerably depending on the type of kick. Further results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between goals scored from in-swing and out-swing corners, but significant differences were found for the other types of corners. Finally, 3.1% of all corners resulted in goals, and 69% of those goals resulted in a draw or the team taking the lead in the match. For these reasons, it is important to develop new corner-kick strategies in order to score goals and win matches.
An unexpected life-threatening persistent oxygen desaturation in a child after extubation
Authors: Jha Ajay Kumar , Palanisamy Sandhiya , Dhanyee Anity Singh
Published: June 2024

Ureteroscopic nephrolithotripsy is now being preferred over percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removal of kidney stones in children. Here, in this report, we have discussed persistent oxygen desaturation immediately after extubation in a two-year-old child who underwent Ho-YAG (holmium-yttrium-aluminium garnet) laser ureteroscopic nephrolithotripsy. The child developed bilateral pleural effusion after nephrolithotripsy and required continuous oxygen supplementation to maintain oxygen saturation above 95%, followed by ultrasound-guided thoracentesis.
A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response
Authors: Zelenka Martin Alice , Weston D , Kesten J M , French C E
Published: June 2024

Aims:

Rapid intervention development, implementation, and evaluation are required for emergency public health contexts, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A novel Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework has been developed to assist this endeavour in future public health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to map available behavioural science resources that can be used to develop and evaluate public health guidance, messaging, and interventions in emergency contexts onto components of ACE: rapid development and implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and inclusion of evaluation.

Methods:

A scoping review methodology was used. Searches were run on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Google, with search terms covering emergency response and behavioural science. Articles published since 2014 and which discussed a framework or guidance for using behavioural science in response to a public health emergency were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results:

Seventeen records were included in the synthesis. The records covered a range of emergency contexts, the most frequent of which were COVID-19 ( n = 7) and non-specific emergencies ( n = 4). One record evaluated existing approaches, 6 proposed new approaches, and 10 described existing approaches. Commonly used approaches included the Behavioural Change Wheel; Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour model; and social identity theory. Three records discuss co-production with the target audience and consideration of diverse populations. Four records incorporate rapid testing, evaluation, or validation methods. Six records state that their approaches are designed to be implemented rapidly. No records cover all components of ACE.

Conclusion:

We recommend that future research explores how to create guidance involving rapid implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and evaluation.
The Evolution and Institutionalisation of Business–Government Relations: Public–Private Partnerships in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Authors: Laochankham Sirisak , Kamnuansilpa Peerasit , Hicken Allen
Published: June 2024

How does the nature of business–government relations shape the capacity of local governments to accomplish their development objectives? How do different patterns of business–government interaction affect the quantity and quality of public services and the ability of citizens to hold policymakers accountable for their performance? This article attempts to answer these questions in the context of one municipality in Thailand, Khon Kaen City. We argue that the political economy of business–government relationships in Khon Kaen can be divided into three eras, each defined by a different model of business–government interaction: the government-led model, the contracting model, and the public–private partnership model. We describe how the character of business–government relationships has changed across these different models, focusing on three dimensions: (1) the degree to which ties are formalised or institutionalised, (2) the extent to which local businesses coordinate, cooperate, or collude amongst themselves, and (3) the distribution of power between the local government and businesses. We also analyse the drivers behind the shift from one model to another and consider the implications of each for local development and service provision, patterns of rent-seeking, and levels of accountability and participation.
The sensitivity of MIPs of 3D contrast-enhanced VIBE T1-weighted imaging for the detection of small brain metastases (≤ 5 mm) on 1.5 tesla MRI
Authors: Parillo Marco , Vertulli Daniele , Vaccarino Federica , Mallio Carlo Augusto , Beomonte Zobel Bruno , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To evaluate whether the use of Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) images derived from contrast-enhanced 3D-T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) would allow more sensitive detection of small (≤5 mm) brain metastases (BM) compared with source as well as 2D-T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) images.

Methods

We performed a single center retrospective study on subjects with BM who underwent 1.5 tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging. Two readers counted the number of small BM for each of the seven sets of contrast-enhanced images created: axial 2D-T1-weighted SE, 3D-T1-weighted VIBE, 2.5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE, and 5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE; sagittal 3D-T1-weighted VIBE, 2.5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE, and 5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE. Total number of lesions detected on each image type was compared. Sensitivity, the average rates of false negatives and false positives, and the mean discrepancy were evaluated.

Results

A total of 403 small BM were identified in 49 patients. Significant differences were found: in the number of true positives and false negatives between the axial 2D-T1-weighted SE sequence and all other imaging techniques; in the number of false positives between the axial 2D-T1-weighted SE and the axial 3D-T1-weighted VIBE sequences. The two image types that combined offered the highest sensitivity were 2D-T1-weighted SE and axial 2.5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE. The axial 2D-T1-weighted SE sequence differed significantly in sensitivity from all other sequences.

Conclusion

MIP images did not show a significant difference in sensitivity for the detection of small BM compared with native images.
Modelling and simulation of a tenoning jig to predict performance and failure mode on circular saw machine
Authors: Icha Asibong Asibong , Odey Simon Ogbeche
Published: June 2024

This research predicts the performance and failure mode of a developed tenoning jig (TJ) used on the circular saw machine. TJ developed consisted of a double-based adjustable medium density fibreboard (MDF) with an area of 100 × 200 mm2, side panel of equivalent length and a height of 114 mm2. SOLIDWORKS software, 2021 was used to model and simulate the jig applying a static load of 500 N. The jig performance was evaluated, results were recorded and deformation shape presented in true and defined scale of 1160.89. The analysis shows maximum directional deformation at 2.342 × 10-2 mm, equivalent elastic strain at 1.245 × 10-4, stress and yield strength at 2.580 × 106 N/m2 and 3.930 × 107 N/m2, respectively, with the factor of safety at 15. The jig offers cost-effectiveness with an estimated manufacturing cost of US$43.123 as of 2021. This research enhances safety in circular saw operations, minimising risk and improving the overall woodworking process.
Flu vaccine hesitancy of French nurses and nurse aides: A fresh light on freedom-restoring strategies of reactance to pro-vaccine communication
Authors: Wilhelm Marie-Claire , Gavard-Perret Marie-Laure , Mignot Alexandre , Epaulard Olivier
Published: June 2024

Despite numerous campaigns, influenza vaccination of healthcare workers remains insufficient in France. The highly cognitive approach of persuasion models in healthcare poorly explains this non-vaccination. A survey of 794 French nurses and nurse aides in 2018 highlights the role of psychological reactance. The greater their perceived threat to freedom due to vaccination pressure, the more it generates situational reactance and strategies for restoring their threatened freedom: denial or minimization of the health threat (low perceptions of severity and vulnerability to influenza) and diminished attractiveness or denigration of the recommended option or its source (low perceptions of efficacy and benefits of vaccination), leading to rejection of the recommended behavior (flu vaccination). This original modeling of variables traditionally seen as antecedents to reactance explains persuasive failure and is contextualized and discussed through objective characteristics (age, profession). Managerial recommendations and avenues of research follow.
Association of Untreated Pre-surgical Depression With Pain and Outcomes After Spinal Surgery
Authors: Shin Jae-Won , Park Yung , Park Sung-Hoon , Ha Joong Won , Jung Woo-Seok , Kim Hak-Sun , Suk Kyung-Soo , Park Si-Young , Moon Seong-Hwan , Lee Byung Ho , Kwon Ji-Won , Ahn Jaeun
Published: June 2024

Study Design

Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective

Untreated pre-surgical depression may prolong post-surgical pain and hinder recovery. However, research on the impact of untreated pre-surgical depression on post-spinal surgery pain is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess pre-surgical depression in patients and analyze its relationship with post-surgical pain and overall post-surgical outcomes.

Methods

We recruited 100 patients scheduled for lumbar spine surgery due to spondylolisthesis, degenerative lumbar disc diseases, and herniated lumbar disc diseases. Psychiatrists evaluated them for the final selection. We assessed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EuroQoL 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scores, numerical back and leg pain scales, and medication dosage data collected before and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.

Results

Ninety-one patients were included in this study; 40 and 51 were allocated to the control and depression groups, respectively. The pre- and post-surgical leg pain, back pain, and functional scores were not different. However, the depression group showed higher ODI and EQ-5D and lower JOA scores than the control group 3 months post-surgery. Partial correlation analysis revealed an inverse correlation between the JOA and BDI scores and a positive correlation between the EQ-5D and BDI scores at 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

Untreated depression can prolong postoperative pain and hinder recovery. Detecting and treating depression in patients before spine surgery may improve their overall quality of life and functional recovery.
Does the Offence– Defence Theory Explain War Onset Between Small States? Causes and Consequences of the 2020–2023 Armenia–Azerbaijan War
Authors: Khalilzada Javadbay
Published: June 2024

The article explores the causes and consequences of the 2020–2023 Karabakh War between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan reclaimed large parts of territories within 44 days of the war in 2020, the country lost control in the early 1990s and was only hindered from full control by a Russian-brokered ceasefire. Over the subsequent three years, Azerbaijan gradually asserted dominance, reclaiming all lost territories by 2023. The study probes the war’s causes and Azerbaijan’s military success. It focuses on power imbalances and strategic dynamics between the two countries that led to the war. By applying the offence–defence theory, it argues that shifting economic and military strengths rendered war inevitable due to deadlock in negotiations. Azerbaijan’s military investment, modernisation and purchase of advanced technological armament changed the balance between the two states and increased its offensive advantage. The article also examines underlying regional power competition, shaping post-war dynamics in the South Caucasus.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Adoption of Holistic Practices for Inclusive Recruitment in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Alexander Andreia B. , Funches Levi , Katta-Charles Sheryl , Williamson Francesca A. , Wright Curtis , Kara Areeba , Slaven James E. , Nabhan Zeina
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

A diverse physician workforce ensures equitable care. The holistic review of residency applications is one strategy to enhance physician diversity; however, little is known about current adoption and the factors that facilitate/impede the adoption of holistic recruitment practices (HRPs) by graduate medical education (GME) residency, and fellowship program directors (PDs). To describe the current state and explore, the barriers/facilitators to the adoption of HRPs at our institution.

METHODS

We disseminated information about HRP within our program between 2021 and 2022. In May 2022, a survey of 73 GME PDs assessed current recruitment practices and self-reported barriers to holistic recruitment. Holistic Recruitment Scores (HRSs) reflecting the adoption of best practices were tabulated for each program and compared to identify predictors of adoption.

RESULTS

73/80 (92%) of PDs completed the survey. Programs whose PDs had higher academic rank, total number of trainees, and female trainees in the past 3 years had higher HRSs. Program size was directly correlated with HRS. Most (93%) PDs felt their current efforts were aligned to increase diversity and 58% felt there were no barriers to the adoption of holistic review. The most reported barriers were lack of time and knowledge/expertise in diversity, equity, and inclusion ( DEI) , both reported by 16 out of 73 PDs (22%).

CONCLUSION

While most PDs implemented some HRP, institutional and departmental support of program directors through the commitment of resources (eg, staffing help and subject matter experts/coaches hiring) are crucial to overcome barriers.
Professional and Psychological Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Training of Medical Residents
Authors: Kanso Ali , Homsi Natasha , Chaitou Ali R. , Farfour Imadeddine , Wehbe Hussein , Tarabay Lubna , Abou-Mrad Fadi
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly impacted residency and fellowship training and education. However, how and to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon compromised the daily involvement of trainees on the clinical and ethical levels is currently unknown, which this study will shed light on.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional survey (30 questions) targeting medical residents delivering healthcare services in Lebanon. Residents from different specialties were included in the study to assess the effect of the pandemic on their education and the ethical obstacles they faced when dealing with patients.

RESULTS

A total of 221 postgraduate medical students participated in our study. Results showed that about half of the residents (52.1%) were only able to do a basic physical examination rather than a full examination as a mandatory requirement in the residency curriculum. The majority (60%) agreed that the doctor–patient relationship is contravened. In addition, almost all residents suffered from fear and emotional distress that affected their education (83.7%).

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study identify the effect of COVID-19 on residents’ training, which affects treatment outcomes and greatly impacts the mental well-being of both healthcare workers and patients.
The Association of Physical Activity and Stress-induced Neurocognitive Impairments in Inhibitory Control in Children
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Hanke Manuel , Schwarz Anja , Leuenberger Rahel , Bruggisser Fabienne , Looser Vera Nina , Gerber Markus
Published: June 2024

Background

Evaluation stress can impair inhibitory control, limiting the ability of children to perform cognitively. However, evidence on protective factors is lacking as stress-induced cognitive impairments are poorly understood. High physical activity has been related to better inhibitory control and has the potential to buffer the response to a stressor. We investigated the association of physical activity and stress-induced changes in inhibitory control as well as its underlying cognitive control processes (i.e., conflict monitoring and resolution).

Method

Participants (10 to 13 y) with either low ( N = 55) or high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( N = 55) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a control task in a randomized order. During both conditions, salivary cortisol was collected. Additionally, a computerized Stroop task was administered before and after the experimental conditions. The N200 and positive slow wave (PSW) components of event-related potentials elicited by the Stroop task were recorded using electroencephalography.

Results

In comparison to the control task, the TSST-C elicited a pre-to post-test decrease of accuracy on incompatible trials. Path-analyses further revealed that this decrease was related to low physical activity and a reduced PSW amplitude. However, both the N200 and PSW amplitudes did not mediate the relation between physical activity groups and performance on the Stroop task.

Conclusion

In children, evaluation stress decreases inhibitory control partly due to a reduced effectiveness of conflict resolution processes. Only children with high physical activity maintain inhibitory control after facing the stressor. However, this protective effect cannot be attributed to changes in conflict monitoring and resolution.
A Survey of Secondary Choir Teachers’ Immediacy, Ensemble Setup, and Use of Classroom Space
Authors: Roseth Nicholas E.
Published: June 2024

In every music classroom, nonverbal forces—including immediacy, ensemble setups, and teacher use of space—may impact student outcomes. Immediacy refers to a collection of nonverbal behaviors that communicate psychological closeness. The purpose of this survey study was to examine secondary choir teachers’ ( N = 137) self-reported immediacy behaviors, ensemble setups, and use of classroom space when teaching. Women reported significantly higher levels of immediacy than men, and all participants reported using proximity-related behaviors the least. Most participants reported using choir setups that limited teacher movement in contrast to setups that might help teachers move toward or among students. Participants reported spending most of their time at the piano instead of in other areas of the room. Finally, men spent significantly more time at the podium or behind the conductor’s stand than women. Recommendations for choir teachers to improve their immediacy, ensemble setup, and use of space are presented.
Perceptions of Choral Tone: A Review of Literature
Authors: Frizzell Emily Y.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this literature review was to synthesize research related to perceptions of choral tone and to provide implications for future research and praxis. Although considerable research exists on the topic of choral tone, choral music professionals have indicated contradictory philosophies of what makes “good” choral tone. To highlight these contradictions, this literature review includes common interpretations of tone, vocal tone, and choral tone; factors that influence choral tone production; and issues regarding the perception of choral tone. Implications and research-based suggestions for how choral directors may approach choral tone are also shared.
In vivo CAR T-cell generation in nonhuman primates using lentiviral vectors displaying a multidomain fusion ligand
Authors: Nicolai Christopher J. , Parker Maura H. , Qin Jim , Tang Weiliang , Ulrich-Lewis Justin T. , Gottschalk Rebecca J. , Cooper Sara E. , Hernandez Lopez Susana A. , Parrilla Don , Mangio Richard S. , Ericson Nolan G. , Brandes Alissa H. , Umuhoza Saluwa , Michels Kathryn R. , McDonnell Mollie M. , Park Lisa Y. , Shin Seungjin , Leung Wai-Hang , Scharenberg Andrew M. , Kiem Hans-Peter , Larson Ryan P. , Beitz Laurie O. , Ryu Byoung Y.
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated transformative efficacy in treating B-cell malignancies. However, high costs and manufacturing complexities hinder their widespread use. To overcome these hurdles, we have developed the VivoVec platform, a lentiviral vector capable of generating CAR T cells in vivo. Here, we describe the incorporation of T-cell activation and costimulatory signals onto the surface of VivoVec particles (VVPs) in the form of a multidomain fusion protein and show enhanced in vivo transduction and improved CAR T-cell antitumor functionality. Furthermore, in the absence of lymphodepleting chemotherapy, administration of VVPs into nonhuman primates resulted in the robust generation of anti-CD20 CAR T cells and the complete depletion of B cells for >10 weeks. These data validate the VivoVec platform in a translationally relevant model and support its transition into human clinical testing, offering a paradigm shift in the field of CAR T-cell therapies.
Venetoclax resistance leads to broad resistance to standard-of-care anti-MM agents, but not to immunotherapies
Authors: Deng Shuhui , Derebail Sanika , Weiler Vera Joy , Fong Ng Jessica , Maroto-Martin Elena , Chatterjee Madhumouli , Giorgetti Giulia , Chakraborty Chandraditya , Kalhotra Poonam , Du Ting , Yao Yao , Prabhala Rao , Shammas Masood , Gulla Annamaria , Aktas Samur Anil , Samur Mehmet Kemal , Qiu Lugui , Anderson Kenneth C. , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Munshi Nikhil C.
Published: June 2024

Abstact

To our knowledge, venetoclax is the first example of personalized medicine for multiple myeloma (MM), with meaningful clinical activity as a monotherapy and in combination in patients with myeloma harboring the t(11:14) translocation. However, despite the high response rates and prolonged progression-free survival, a significant proportion of patients eventually relapse. Here, we aim to study adaptive molecular responses after the acquisition of venetoclax resistance in sensitive t(11:14) MM cell models. We therefore generated single-cell venetoclax-resistant t(11:14) MM cell lines and investigated the mechanisms contributing to resistance as well as the cells’ sensitivity to other treatments. Our data suggest that acquired resistance to venetoclax is characterized by reduced mitochondrial priming and changes in B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins’ expression in MM cells, conferring broad resistance to standard-of-care antimyeloma drugs. However, our results show that the resistant cells are still sensitive to immunotherapeutic treatments, highlighting the need to consider appropriate sequencing of these treatments after venetoclax-based regimens.
CNS bridging radiotherapy achieves rapid cytoreduction before CAR T-cell therapy for aggressive B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Cederquist Gustav Y. , Schefflein Javin , Devlin Sean M. , Shah Gunjan L. , Shouval Roni , Hubbeling Harper , Tringale Kathryn , Alarcon Tomas Ana , Fregonese Beatrice , Hajj Carla , Boardman Alexander , Luna De Abia Alejandro , Corona Magdalena , Cassanello Giulio , Dahi Parastoo B. , Lin Richard J. , Ghione Paola , Salles Gilles , Perales Miguel-Angel , Palomba M. Lia , Falchi Lorenzo , Scordo Michael , Grommes Christian , Yahalom Joachim , Imber Brandon S.
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CART) for central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is a promising strategy, yet responses are frequently not durable. Bridging radiotherapy (BRT) is used for extracranial lymphoma in which it can improve CART outcomes through cytoreduction of high-risk lesions. We hypothesized that BRT would achieve similar, significant cytoreduction before CART for CNSL (CNS-BRT). We identified patients with CNSL with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma who received CNS-BRT before commercial CART. Cytoreduction from CNS-BRT was calculated as change in lesion size before CART. Twelve patients received CNS-BRT, and the median follow-up among survivors is 11.8 months (interquartile range, 8.5-21.9). Ten patients had CNSL (9 secondary, 1 primary) and 2 patients had epidural disease (evaluable for toxicity). All 10 patients with CNSL had progressive disease at the time of CNS-BRT. Of 12 patients, 1 experienced grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome, and 3 of 12 patients experienced grade ≥3 immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome. CNS-BRT achieved a 74.0% (95% confidence interval, 62.0-86.0) mean reduction in lesion size from baseline (P = .014) at a median of 12 days from BRT completion and before CART infusion. Best CNS response included 8 complete responses, 1 partial response, and 1 progressive disease. Three patients experienced CNS relapse outside the BRT field. Preliminary data suggest CNS-BRT achieves rapid cytoreduction and is associated with a favorable CNS response and safety profile. These data support further study of BRT as a bridging modality for CNSL CART.