bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ca triplet metallicities and velocities for 12 globular clusters toward the galactic bulge
Authors: Geisler D. , Parisi M. C. , Dias B. , Villanova S. , Mauro F. , Saviane I. , Cohen R. E. , Moni Bidin C. , Minniti D.
Published: October 2022

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are excellent tracers of the formation and early evolution of the Milky Way. The bulge GCs (BGCs) are particularly important because they can reveal vital information about the oldest in situ component of the Milky Way.

Aims. Our aim is to derive the mean metallicities and radial velocities for 13 GCs that lie toward the bulge and are generally associated with this component. This region is observationally challenging because of high extinction and stellar density, which hampers optical studies of these and similar BGCs, making most previous determinations of these parameters quite uncertain.

Methods. We used near-infrared low-resolution spectroscopy with the FORS2 instrument on the VLT to measure the wavelengths and equivalent widths of the CaII triplet (CaT) lines for a number of stars per cluster. We derived radial velocities, ascertained membership, and applied known calibrations to determine metallicities for cluster members, for a mean of 11 members per cluster. Unfortunately, one of our targets, VVV-GC002, which is the closest GC to the Galactic center, turned out not to have any members in our sample.

Results. We derive mean cluster RV values to 3 km s−1, and mean metallicities to 0.05 dex. We find general good agreement with previous determinations for both metallicity and velocity. On average, our metallicities are 0.07 dex more metal-rich than those of Harris (2010, arXiv:1012.3224), with a standard deviation of the difference of 0.25 dex. Our sample has metallicities between −0.21 and −1.64, and the values are distributed between the traditional metal-rich BGC peak near [Fe/H] −0.5 and a more metal-poor peak around [Fe/H] −1.1, which has recently been identified. These latter are candidates for the oldest GCs in the Galaxy, if blue horizontal branches are present, and include BH 261, NGC 6401, NGC 6540, NGC 6642, and Terzan 9. Finally, Terzan 10 is even more metal-poor. However, dynamically, Terzan 10 is likely an intruder from the halo, possibly associated with the Gaia-Enceladus or Kraken accretion events. Terzan 10 is also confirmed as an Oosterhoff type II GC based on our results.

Conclusions. The CaT technique is an excellent method for deriving mean metallicities and velocities for heavily obscured GCs. Our sample provides reliable mean values for these two key properties via spectroscopy of a significant number of members per cluster for this important yet previously poorly studied sample of BGCs. We emphasize that the more metal-poor GCs are excellent candidates for being ancient relics of bulge formation. The lone halo intruder in our sample, Terzan 10, is conspicuous for also having by far the lowest metallicity, and casts doubt on the possibility of any bona fide BGCs at metallicities below about −1.5.
Towards an alternative representation of indoor acoustic environment
Authors: Bailhache Simon , Maillard Julien , Guigou-Carter Catherine
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this investigation is to propose an alternative indoor sound spectrum based on objective and verifiable data, representative for an average household in Europe. It is obtained from the energetic sum of the emission spectra of sound sources commonly found in residential buildings, each weighted by its estimated occurrence time. Such a spectrum could then be used to evaluate airborne sound transmission performance.
À propos du colloque « Pour une recherche et une innovation responsables » : une analyse aux niveaux macro, micro et méso
Authors: Louafi Sélim
Published: October 2022

Un colloque intitulé « Pour une recherche et une innovation responsables » s’est tenu le 15 janvier 2021. Organisé par un groupe de travail interinstitutionnel (universités, instituts de recherche, grandes écoles), il visait à réinterroger le rôle et les pratiques de la recherche. Les tables rondes couvraient des thèmes liés à la fois aux finalités sociétales de la recherche pour un meilleur alignement avec les défis du développement durable, aux défis concrets de la gestion de sites et des comportements individuels et collectifs pour diminuer le coût environnemental et sociétal de la conduite des travaux de recherche et enfin aux défis d’apprentissage et de gouvernance de la recherche et de l’innovation pour que les savoirs viennent accompagner des changements de pratiques à l’échelle de l’ensemble des acteurs concernés. Ce texte propose de relire cette conférence à la lumière d’une grille d’analyse macro/micro/méso qui offre un moyen d’appréhender les différents niveaux d’action qui ont été évoqués pendant cette conférence, parfois au sein d’une même table ronde. Le niveau macro a surtout été couvert dans les deux premières tables rondes qui ont fait émerger le constat que les normes globales qui désormais guident la recherche ont fortement évolué. Il a souvent été fait référence au niveau micro pour parler de la multiplication d’initiatives prises par les chercheurs, individuellement ou collectivement, pour diminuer l’impact de leurs recherches sur l’environnement. Le niveau méso est finalement celui qui a le plus occupé les débats avec une série d’instruments, d’outils et d’initiatives pris par différentes organisations pour essayer à l’échelle de collectifs plus larges, de prendre en charge certains défis, gérer d’éventuelles tensions entre injonctions contradictoires venant du niveau macro et ainsi aider à faire bouger les lignes et à engager davantage la recherche vers des pratiques responsables.
Minimally invasive sacroiliac fusion, a case series, and a literature review
Authors: Amer Mohammad H. , Elnahal Walid A. , Khaled Sherif A. , Abdel-Kader Khaled F.M. , Cass Michael A. , Gibbs James , Stott Philip M.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Non-autoimmune sacroiliac joint pain contributes to nearly a quarter of low back pain patients. Non-surgical management fails to satisfy patients. A new minimally invasive technique for sacroiliac stabilization has been introduced, defying the traditional rules of fusion. The results outside explanatory trials and in day-to-day practice have not been reported. Materials and methods: This case series includes 20 patients diagnosed with chronic sacroiliac pain resistant to conservative management for at least 6 months. The diagnosis was confirmed with a positive sacroiliac injection. Patients underwent stabilization using the iFuse® implant. Patients were followed up for a minimum of one year. The primary outcome was the functional outcomes, assessed using VAS, ODI, and SF36. Secondary procedure rates, complication rates, and radiological assessments of fusion were collected as secondary outcomes. Results: At one year, the mean VAS score improved from 81.25 ± 10.7 SD preoperatively to 52.5 ± 26.8, p-value 0.0013. The mean ODI improved from 54.8 ± 11.21 SD preoperatively to 41.315 ± 15.34, P value = 0.0079. The mean PCS and MCS of SF36 improved by 17 and 20 points, respectively. Only 55% of patients achieved the MCID for the VAS score. 35% of the cohort had secondary procedures. Discussion: Minimally invasive sacroiliac fusion resulted in an improvement in mean functional scores with a wide dispersion. Patients not achieving MCID are patients with either a malpositioned implant, an associated lumbar pathology, or an inaccurate diagnosis. Our results are underwhelming compared to similar work but are still better than conservative cohorts in comparative studies. Conclusion: Minimally invasive sacroiliac fusion can be used successfully in select patients. Attention to diagnosis and surgical technique can improve the reproducibility of results.
Clinical Benefits of the Utrecht Questionnaire for Aesthetic Outcome Assessment in Rhinoplasty: An Update
Authors: Maldonado-Chapa Felix , Datema Frank R. , van Zijl Floris V.W.J. , Bran Gregor , Flores-Torres Oscar A. , Stapleton-Garcia Pedro , Filipović Boris , Lohuis Peter J.F.M.
Published: October 2022

Presently, there is no consensus on which patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) instrument is best suited to assess the aesthetic outcomes of rhinoplasty. In this regard, at least seven different validated PROMs are available from the literature, each one with advantages and disadvantages.

In this article, we review the development, validation, international translation, and clinical application of the Utrecht Questionnaire (UQ). The UQ was developed in 2009 with the idea to be a short and practical tool for the rhinoplasty surgeon to assess the aesthetic outcomes of rhinoplasty. The questionnaire was then validated in 2013. Body image in relation to nasal appearance is quantified with five simple questions on a 5-point Likert scale and a Visual Analogue Scale score. We discuss how the UQ can easily be incorporated and become an important asset in a rhinoplasty practice. Practical benefits, such as its role in the shared decision-making process, patient expectations management, identification of unsuitable patients, avoiding revision surgery, and the evaluation of the surgeon's personal performance curve, are exemplified. Currently, the UQ has been translated and validated in four languages, providing scientific opportunities to generate and compare international data for advances in rhinoplasty. We describe some of the significant scientific contributions of leaders in the field of rhinoplasty that used the UQ.
Congruence of national and Europarty manifestoes in the EU elections 2019
Authors: Hackemann Phil
Published: October 2022

This paper seeks to answer the question how congruent the policy positions of the four main Europarties were compared with their respective national member parties, as well as how they influenced each other in the drafting process, using the comparative example of German parties in the EU election 2019. It finds that the programmatic congruence of Euro- and their German member parties is small, with only insignificant coherences in issue salience and policy prioritization. In fact, some parties are even revealed to have higher programmatic congruence with other German parties than with their own Europarty. Nevertheless, cases of up- and downloading of policy positions as well as general political reconciliation processes are reported for all parties.
Upgrading models, evolutionary mechanisms and vertical cases of service-oriented manufacturing in SVC leading enterprises: Product-development and service-innovation for industry 4.0
Authors: Liu Hongda , Zhao Haifeng
Published: October 2022

To address Industry 4.0, service-oriented manufacturing unifies the development track of product development and service innovation and constructs a high-quality transformation path based on the service value chain. Therefore, analyzing the specific strategy of service-oriented manufacturing and clarifying its static connotation and dynamic evolution direction have become important topics in academic circles. First, based on the core logic of value creation, the upgrade model and critical contents of service-based manufacturing are studied and summarized using upgrade theory, guided by the evolutionary theory of enterprise deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Combining the service value chain (SVC) characteristics of leading enterprises, the influence mechanism of autonomy and otherness on service-oriented manufacturing is clarified. Second, the upgrade model content and upgrade evolution mechanism of service-oriented SVC manufacturing among leading enterprises are summarized. Four upgrade patterns—traditional manufacturing, service-based manufacturing progressive upgrade, and service-based manufacturing breakthrough upgrade I and II—are formed. The Hai Feng Ju Zhen (in Chinese; HFJZ) matrix of the guiding framework of service-oriented manufacturing development is finally formed using the service and manufacturing trends of enterprise revenue-cost. Finally, the complete process of service-oriented manufacturing is identified, presented, and explored using the vertical case of Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) High Tech. The logical evolutionary framework of resource–capability–advantage–development guides enterprises to construct a spiral development system involving the static upgrading-dynamic evolution of service-oriented manufacturing. We also verify the practicability and regularity of each stage in service-oriented manufacturing through the actual case of AVIC High Tech. We find that enterprises should follow the logic of value creation and use the active introduction of service factors to break the bondage of diminishing production factors. The product development and service innovation of service-oriented manufacturing can double-track and thus should achieve the synergistic construction of the supply chain, value chain, and innovation chain. The upgrade mode of service-oriented manufacturing should be compatible with the state of an enterprise and should not blindly service and lead to the stagnation of development. Scientific research and judgment in terms of a service-oriented manufacturing trajectory and the construction of a development state compatible with service-oriented manufacturing are the keys to the formation of SVC-leading enterprises.
Evaluation of college admissions: a decision tree guide to provide information for improvement
Authors: Liu Ying-Sing , Lee Liza
Published: October 2022

This study uses decision trees to analyze the admissions and enrollment of Taiwan’s 5-year junior colleges to explore the reasons that students might fail in an exam-free admissions process, propose methods for improvement, and view the implementation of the pedagogical theory of multiple intelligences. The college admissions system may produce confusion in Taiwan. Schools in metropolitan areas retain an advantage for screening talent across multiple abilities, and colleges in agricultural counties may unintentionally marginalize people, resulting in insufficient enrollment or an inverse selection of talent. It has been suggested that increasing the number of schools in metropolitan areas will reduce the rates of enrollment failure and improve the compulsory education environment that many are forced to attend.
Vortex shedding controlled combustion of the wake flame of an n-heptane wetted porous sphere
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Yang Yajing , Wei Yanju , Liu Shenghua
Published: October 2022

Aiming at the combustion characteristics of the microscopic flying fuel drops in fuel sprays in engines, an n-heptane wetted porous sphere (d0 = 6 mm) was employed to simulate the combustion of the fuel drops according to the flow similarity indicated by the Reynolds number (Re). The hot airflow provided by a wind tunnel with an inner diameter of 40 mm varied in flow velocity from U = 0.6 to 7.1 m/s and from temperature T = 423 to 723 K, with Re ∈ [0, 800]. Experimental results show that flow velocity plays a dominant role in determining the morphologies and fluctuation frequencies of the wake flame. The flame length and suspension height have a trade-off relationship and approach a linear relationship with the increase in air temperature. With increasing Re, the yellow flame gradually vanishes, and the blue flame ratio in the total flame increases following a hyperbolic tangent function. In addition, the length of the flame outline increases linearly with Re. The fluctuations in the flames under both natural and forced convective conditions and various air temperatures are proved to be determined by the vortex shedding behind the sphere, which helps one understand the underlying physics of spray combustion better.
A high efficiency and high power L-band relativistic magnetron with all-cavity extraction
Authors: Liu Zeyang , Fan Yuwei , Xu Haodong , Li Ankun , Wang Xiaoyu , Shi Difu
Published: October 2022

Relativistic magnetron (RM) is a promising high-power microwave source, whose advantages include high efficiency, high power, and compact configuration. Enhancing power efficiency and output power are the most important two development directions for RM. Based on the two targets, a high efficiency and high power RM is presented and investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. When the diode voltage is 485 kV, the beam current is 6.9 kA, and the magnetic field is 0.34 T, and high power microwave is generated with the power of 1.35 GW, frequency of 1.47 GHz, and power efficiency of 40.3% in the experiments.
Magnetotransport around the Morin transition in α-Fe2O3 single crystals
Authors: Huang L. , Li C. F. , Tang Y. S. , Lin L. , Zhai W. J. , Cui X. M. , Zhou G. Z. , Zhang J. H. , Yan Z. B. , Chen C. , Jiang X. P. , Lu C. L. , Liu J.-M.
Published: October 2022

Antiferromagnetic spintronics has been receiving attention recently, while spin-texture dependent magnetoresistance (MR) represents one of the main mechanisms for magnetic data storage. In particular, sufficiently large MR with high operating temperatures would be highly required for advanced spintronic applications. In this work, we experimentally investigate the MR effect of well-known antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3 (hematite) in a single crystal form, which has the Morin transition temperature as high as Tm ∼ 260 K. It is revealed that the MR effect associated with the spin-texture re-alignment, i.e., the spin-flop from the out-of-plane direction (c axis) to the in-plane direction, driven by sufficiently low magnetic fields inclined along the [012] direction, reaches up to ∼2.5% at temperature T ∼ 250 K. The first-principles calculations suggest that this MR effect originates from the reduced bandgap due to the spin-flop and the finite spin–orbital coupling. The present work sheds light on the possibility of α-Fe2O3 as a favored MR-based candidate for near-room temperature spintronics.
Low ohmic contact resistivity realized by in situ SiNx insertion for high Al-composition-AlGaN/GaN heterostructure
Authors: Du Hanghai , Liu Zhihong , Hao Lu , Xing Weichuan , Zhang Weihang , Zhou Hong , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue
Published: October 2022

A low ohmic contact resistance (Rc) is a challenge for an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure with a high Al-composition barrier, which is highly desired to further push the performance of GaN transistors. In this Letter, an effective ohmic contact technique with an in situ SiNx layer inserted between the conventional Ti/Al/Ni/Au metal stack and the III-nitride was proposed and the inside physical mechanisms were investigated for an Al0.65Ga0.35N/GaN heterostructure. The fabricated ohmic contact has a low Rc of 0.17 Ω·mm and a specific contact resistivity value (ρc) of 8.45 × 10−7 Ω·cm2, which is obviously improved compared with the Rc of 0.32 Ω·mm and ρc of 2.84 × 10−6 Ω·cm2 without in situ SiNx inserted. The strong temperature dependency of ρc with in situ SiNx insertion shows that the dominant current transport mechanism is the thermionic field emission. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses suggest that the enhanced ohmic contact is due to the possible formation of low-work function silicides and more TiN alloys during annealing.
Validating and optimizing mismatch tolerance of Doppler backscattering measurements with the beam model (invited)
Authors: Hall-Chen V. H. , Damba J. , Parra F. I. , Pratt Q. T. , Michael C. A. , Peng S. , Rhodes T. L. , Crocker N. A. , Hillesheim J. C. , Hong R. , Ni S. , Peebles W. A. , Png C. E. , Ruiz Ruiz J.
Published: October 2022

We use the beam model of Doppler backscattering (DBS), which was previously derived from beam tracing and the reciprocity theorem, to shed light on mismatch attenuation. This attenuation of the backscattered signal occurs when the wavevector of the probe beam’s electric field is not in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. Correcting for this effect is important for determining the amplitude of the actual density fluctuations. Previous preliminary comparisons between the model and Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) plasmas were promising. In this work, we quantitatively account for this effect on DIII-D, a conventional tokamak. We compare the predicted and measured mismatch attenuation in various DIII-D, MAST, and MAST-U plasmas, showing that the beam model is applicable in a wide variety of situations. Finally, we performed a preliminary parameter sweep and found that the mismatch tolerance can be improved by optimizing the probe beam’s width and curvature at launch. This is potentially a design consideration for new DBS systems.
Integrated 2D beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic at the Huan-Liuqi-2A (HL-2A) tokamak
Authors: Qin X. , McKee G. , Yan Z. , Geiger B. , Ke R. , Jaehnig K. , Morton L. , Wu Y. , Wu T. , Xu M.
Published: October 2022

Two newly developed, eight-channel, integrated Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) detectors have been installed at Huan-Liuqi-2A tokamak, which extends the existing 16 single-channel modular BES system with additional 16 spatial channels. The BES collects the Doppler-shifted Balmer Dα emission with a spatial resolution of 1 cm (radial) × 1.5 cm (poloidal) and a temporal resolution of 0.5 µs to measure long-wavelength (k⊥ρi < 1) density fluctuations. Compared to the modular BES, the dark noise of the integrated BES is reduced by 50%–60% on average. The signal-to-noise ratio of the integrated BES system is optimized by the high light throughput front-end optics, high quantum efficiency photodiodes, high-gain, low-noise preamplifiers, and sufficient cooling capacity provided by the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) units that maintain the detectors at −20 °C. Crosstalk between channels that share the same optical system is found to be negligible. High-quality density fluctuation data enables 2D (radial–poloidal) imaging of turbulence, which allows for multi-channel spectral analysis, multi-channel cross-correlation analysis and velocimetry analysis. Preliminary results show that BES successfully captures the spatiotemporal features of the local turbulence and obtains statistically consistent turbulence characterization results.
Crystal structure and piezoelectric properties of lead-free epitaxial (K,Na)NbO3 thin films grown on Si substrates
Authors: Tanaka Kiyotaka , Kawata Yoshiyuki , Kweon Sang Hyo , Tan Goon , Yoshimura Takeshi , Kanno Isaku
Published: October 2022

Epitaxial growth of lead-free (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) thin films on (001)SrRuO3/Pt/ZrO2/Si substrates was achieved by using RF magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that lattice constants (a1 = 0.3987 nm, a2 = 0.3959 nm, a3 = 0.4011 nm) of epitaxial KNN thin films with a pseudo cubic system were close to KNN single crystals. Vertical piezoelectric force microscopy observation indicated that the spontaneous polarization Ps with a downward direction was dominant, and the epitaxial KNN thin films were naturally polarized. The epitaxial KNN thin films exhibited low relative dielectric constant (εr ∼ 267). In addition, piezoelectric coefficients |e31,f| showed a constant value of about 6.5 C m−2 with the increase in applied positive voltages. Relatively high converse |e31,f| values were obtained at low applied voltages due to an intrinsic piezoelectric effect. Therefore, the epitaxial KNN thin films might enable piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems driven at low applied voltages.
Energy dissipation in violent three-dimensional sloshing flows induced by high-frequency vertical accelerations
Authors: Michel J. , Durante D. , Colagrossi A. , Marrone S.
Published: October 2022

The European H2020 project SLOWD is aimed to investigate the fuel sloshing damping effect to reduce the design loads on aircraft wings. Wings house the fuel tanks and are highly flexible structures that can significantly deform under gust loads. In the recent experiment by Martinez-Carrascal and González-Gutiérrez [“Experimental study of the liquid damping effects on a SDOF vertical sloshing tank,” J. Fluids Struct. 100, 103172 (2021)], the complex problem of the fuel sloshing inside a flexible wing structure was significantly simplified by considering a partially filled vertically heaving tank attached to a system of springs. In the present research, a smoothed particle hydrodynamic model was adopted to evaluate the energy dissipated in the three-dimensional sloshing flow obtained using the same tank motions. From a numerical point of view, the simulation of such a violent flow is rather challenging, the involved vertical accelerations being as large as 10 g. The resulting flow is extremely complex because of the severe turbulence developed, the violent impacts, and the considerable fragmentation of the air–liquid interface. The role of the viscosity is investigated by taking into account two different liquids. Finally, some comparisons between three-dimensional results and previous two-dimensional studies are also discussed.
Trajectory surface-hopping study of 1-pyrazoline photodissociation dynamics
Authors: Mahata Prabhash , Rauta Akshaya Kumar , Maiti Biswajit
Published: October 2022

The photodissociation dynamics of 1-pyrazoline has been studied from its first excited electronic state (S1) using the Direct Dynamics Trajectory Surface-Hopping method in conjunction with Tully’s fewest switches algorithm at the CASSCF(8,8)/6-31G* level of theory. After excitation of the molecule into the Franck–Condon region of the first excited state, S1, the molecule hops to the ground (S0) state quickly. The dissociation of one of the C–N bonds initially starts in the first excited state. Then, the molecule comes to the ground state (S0) via S1/S0 conical intersections, followed by complete dissociation in the ground state. Two different conical intersections are identified between the first excited singlet (S1) and the ground (S0) electronic states. One primary and three secondary dissociation channels are observed from our dynamics calculations of photodissociation of 1-pyrazoline that are in accord with the experimentally observed channels. After internal conversion to the ground electronic state (S0), the molecule dissociates to N2 and trimethylene biradical as the primary dissociation products. The trimethylene biradical then rearranges, leading to three secondary dissociation channels, N2 + cyclopropane, N2 + CH2 + C2H4, and N2 + CH3CHCH2. The major products formed from the trimethylene biradical in the secondary process is cyclopropane contributing about 78% of the overall products formation along with ∼12% propene and the rest ∼10% methylene (CH2) with ethene (C2H4).
On-chip ultra-compact nonvolatile photonic synapse
Authors: Quan Zhiqiang , Wan Yuanjian , Wang Jian
Published: October 2022

The important research content of modern communication systems is to realize high-speed, stable, and intelligent information transmission and processing. All-optical neural networks based on the silicon integrated technology and phase change materials (PCMs) can realize picosecond-level modulation speed, faster processing speed, and lower energy consumption compared with the traditional electrical communication system. The photonic synapse is the core component of the all-optical neural network module, but the existing photonic synapses based on PCMs require a modulation distance (MD) of several micrometers or even ten micrometers to achieve a large output intensity range. In this paper, we propose an ultra-compact nonvolatile photonic synapse, in which MD can be shortened to 1 μm, breaking the record of the minimum signal MD of the silicon photonic synapse using the PCMs. At the same time, the output intensity range of our synapse is almost twice that of the existing research. Based on this photonic synapse, we analyze the relationship between the output response and incident wavelength, which can help to design an ultra-compact photonic convolutional neural network. This work has great potential in future photonic computing and photonic communication technologies.
Heat transfer enhancement by a flexible inverted flag with an inclination angle
Authors: Shin Jae Won , Park Sung Goon , Shen Lian
Published: October 2022

The heat transfer system, including an inclined inverted flag that plays a role of a vortex generator, is proposed in the present study. A two-dimensional simulation is performed to analyze the effects of the inclination angle and the bending rigidity of the inverted flag on thermal performance. To consider the fluid-flexible body–thermal interaction, an immersed boundary method is adopted. The four regimes are observed depending on the inclination angle and the bending rigidity, that is, large-amplitude flapping (LAF), small-amplitude flapping (SAF), deflected (D), and straight (S) modes. The SAF and LAF modes are observed to be favorable in terms of the heat transfer efficiency, which considers the heat flux and mechanical energy loss. A scaling analysis is performed to explain the correlation between the flapping kinematics and the thermal quantities. A scaling parameter is newly defined based on the momentum transfer to the inverted flag due to a vortical impulse and shows a proportional relation to the mean drag force with a slope of 0.166. The heat transfer efficiency is observed to be proportional and inversely proportional to the parameter in the SAF and LAF modes, respectively. The optimized heat transfer system is obtained at the angle of 12° and the bending rigidity of 0.7, where the efficiency is enhanced up to 112.8% over the baseline flow.
Stability analysis of roughness-disturbed boundary layer controlled by wall-blowing
Authors: Lu Yuhan , Liu Zaijie , Zhou Teng , Yan Chao
Published: October 2022

Roughness-induced transition control is of considerable importance for high-speed vehicles. In this paper, the instability of a roughness-disturbed boundary layer controlled by spanwise-uniform wall-blowing is investigated through BiGlobal and three-dimensional parabolized stability equation (PSE-3D) analysis. Without wall-blowing, symmetric and antisymmetric unstable modes are observed when using BiGlobal analysis, with PSE-3D analysis suggesting that the symmetric mode is the dominant instability. Both modes are associated with the instability of the entire separated shear layer behind the roughness region rather than the components in certain directions, as both the wall-normal shear and the spanwise component resulting from the bending shear layer contribute to the growth of the disturbance. Upstream wall-blowing delays the roughness-induced transition by modifying the wake instability. The antisymmetric mode is the first to disappear as the blowing intensity increases while the symmetric instability is also suppressed. Upstream wall-blowing also reduces both the strength and bending of the shear layer by affecting the inflow boundary layer. This leads to a decrease in the wall-normal and spanwise contributions to the disturbance energy. Downstream wall-blowing achieves a control effect by decelerating the development of the dominant symmetric mode through the direct interaction between wall-blowing and the wake. Although the reduction in shear strength is not as strong as with upstream wall-blowing, downstream wall-blowing still relaxes the bending of the shear layer, which is related to the production of disturbance energy. In conclusion, two-dimensional wall-blowing can delay the roughness-induced transition by modifying the wake structure and instability.
Laminar planar hydraulic jump in thin film flow of power-law liquids—Experimental, analytical and numerical study
Authors: Samanta Banashree , Ray Subhabrata , Kaushal Manish , Das Gargi
Published: October 2022

This study explores the physics of laminar planar hydraulic jump of power-law liquids in a horizontal channel through shallow water analysis. The theory is supplemented and validated by numerical simulation performed by the phase-field method in COMSOL Multiphysics. The analysis is applicable for shear thinning as well as thickening liquids and reduces to Newtonian equations when the flow behavior index (n) is unity. The analytical and numerical results are further validated with experimental data of the present study. The steady state free surface profile in conjunction with a modified Bélanger type equation predicts jump location and strength (the ratio of film height just after and before the jump). The analysis provides a modified scaled relationship between the jump location and the liquid flow rate compared to that proposed for inviscid and viscous Newtonian liquids. An order of magnitude analysis expresses the scaled jump location and strength as a function of inlet Reynolds number (Rein), inlet Froude number (Frin), scaled channel length, and n. We find that an increase in the flow consistency index and/or n favors jump formation and the jump shifts toward the channel exit with increasing n for the same channel geometry, Rein and Frin. The influence of scaled channel length is more pronounced for n < 1 as compared to n > 1 while shear thickening liquids are more significantly influenced by Frin at fixed Rein and scaled channel length. The coupled effect of flow parameters on jump characteristics is depicted in the Rein–Frin plane, which denote the range of the existence of different jump types as the function of n.
Enhancing the sensitivity of atomic magnetometer with a multi-passed probe light
Authors: Li Rujie , Perrella Christopher , Luiten André
Published: October 2022

Atomic magnetometry has spectacular magnetic field sensitivity at room temperature. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the benefits of a multi-pass cell in magnetometers using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation interrogation. Our theoretical analysis shows that there is an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and consequently on the magnetic field sensitivity by carefully choosing the number of passes through the medium. In our specific case, we experimentally demonstrate a 160% enhancement in the magnetometer sensitivity by using a triple-pass cell, and it is consistent with our analysis on the SNR. This work provides a pathway to evaluate the benefits of multi-pass cells in high-performance atomic magnetometers.
Autumn precipitation: the competition with Santa Ana winds in determining fire outcomes in southern California
Authors: Cayan Daniel R. , DeHaan Laurel L. , Gershunov Alexander , Guzman-Morales Janin , Keeley Jon E. , Mumford Joshua , Syphard Alexandra D.
Published: October 2022

Background California’s South Coast has experienced peak burned area in autumn. Following typically dry, warm summers, precipitation events and Santa Ana winds (SAWs) each occur with increasing frequency from autumn to winter and may affect fire outcomes. Aims We investigate historical records to understand how these counteracting influences have affected fires. Methods We defined autumn precipitation onset as the first 3 days when precipitation ≥8.5 mm, and assessed how onset timing and SAWs were associated with frequency of ≥100 ha fires and area burned during 1948–2018. Key results Timing of autumn precipitation onset had negligible trend but varied considerably from year to year. A total of 90% of area burned in autumn through winter occurred from fires started before onset. Early onset autumns experienced considerably fewer fires and area burned than late onset autumns. SAWs were involved in many of the large fires before onset and nearly all of the lesser number after onset. Conclusions Risk of large fires is reduced after autumn precipitation onset, but may resurge during SAWs, which provide high risk weather required to generate a large fire. Implications During autumn before onset, and particularly during late onset autumns, high levels of preparation and vigilance are needed to avoid great fire impacts.
Coordination and expertise foster legal textualism
Authors: Hannikainen Ivar R. , Tobia Kevin P. , de Almeida Guilherme da F. C. F. , Struchiner Noel , Kneer Markus , Bystranowski Piotr , Dranseika Vilius , Strohmaier Niek , Bensinger Samantha , Dolinina Kristina , Janik Bartosz , Lauraitytė Eglė , Laakasuo Michael , Liefgreen Alice , Neiders Ivars , Próchnicki Maciej , Rosas Alejandro , Sundvall Jukka , Żuradzki Tomasz
Published: October 2022

A cross-cultural survey experiment revealed a dominant tendency to rely on a rule’s letter over its spirit when deciding which behaviors violate the rule. This tendency varied markedly across (
k
= 15) countries, owing to variation in the impact of moral appraisals on judgments of rule violation. Compared with laypeople, legal experts were more inclined to disregard their moral evaluations of the acts altogether and consequently exhibited stronger textualist tendencies. Finally, we evaluated a plausible mechanism for the emergence of textualism: in a two-player coordination game, incentives to coordinate in the absence of communication reinforced participants’ adherence to rules’ literal meaning. Together, these studies (total
n
= 5,794) help clarify the origins and allure of textualism, especially in the law. Within heterogeneous communities in which members diverge in their moral appraisals involving a rule’s purpose, the rule’s literal meaning provides a clear focal point—an identifiable point of agreement enabling coordinated interpretation among citizens, lawmakers, and judges.
Mitoguardin-2–mediated lipid transfer preserves mitochondrial morphology and lipid droplet formation
Authors: Hong Zhouping , Adlakha Jyoti , Wan Neng , Guinn Emily , Giska Fabian , Gupta Kallol , Melia Thomas J. , Reinisch Karin M.
Published: October 2022

Lipid transport proteins at membrane contacts, where organelles are closely apposed, are critical in redistributing lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they are made, to other cellular membranes. Such protein-mediated transfer is especially important for maintaining organelles disconnected from secretory pathways, like mitochondria. We identify mitoguardin-2, a mitochondrial protein at contacts with the ER and/or lipid droplets (LDs), as a lipid transporter. An x-ray structure shows that the C-terminal domain of mitoguardin-2 has a hydrophobic cavity that binds lipids. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that both glycerophospholipids and free-fatty acids co-purify with mitoguardin-2 from cells, and that each mitoguardin-2 can accommodate up to two lipids. Mitoguardin-2 transfers glycerophospholipids between membranes in vitro, and this transport ability is required for roles both in mitochondrial and LD biology. While it is not established that protein-mediated transfer at contacts plays a role in LD metabolism, our findings raise the possibility that mitoguardin-2 functions in transporting fatty acids and glycerophospholipids at mitochondria-LD contacts.
mTORC1 beyond anabolic metabolism: Regulation of cell death
Authors: Zhu Jiajun , Wang Hua , Jiang Xuejun
Published: October 2022

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a multi-subunit protein kinase complex, interrogates growth factor signaling with cellular nutrient and energy status to control metabolic homeostasis. Activation of mTORC1 promotes biosynthesis of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and simultaneously suppresses catabolic processes such as lysosomal degradation of self-constituents and extracellular components. Metabolic regulation has emerged as a critical determinant of various cellular death programs, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. In this article, we review the expanding knowledge on how mTORC1 coordinates metabolic pathways to impinge on cell death regulation. We focus on the current understanding on how nutrient status and cellular signaling pathways connect mTORC1 activity with ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death program that has been implicated in a plethora of human diseases. In-depth understanding of the principles governing the interaction between mTORC1 and cell death pathways can ultimately guide the development of novel therapies for the treatment of relevant pathological conditions.
Reply to ‘Comment on “Pendulum: the partial and global approach”’
Authors: Coelho Ricardo Lopes
Published: October 2022

Coelho presented a pendulum motion experiment that aims to complement the solving strategy of the pendulum problem in introductory courses. Pendrill does not question the results of this experiment but the way of presenting them and adds a set of algorithms that could or should be used to address that motion. In this reply, I will discuss Pendrill’s main criticism and the implications of her approach and explain the rationale for using the 18th century pendulum teaching method in introducing the subject to novices.
Comment on ‘Pendulum: the partial and global approach’
Authors: Pendrill Ann-Marie
Published: October 2022

The paper Pendulum: the partial and global approach combines a historic introduction to the theoretical treatment of pendulum motion with presentation of data from measurements on a single pendulum. This comment focuses on the presentation and analysis of experimental data, and how the use of dimensionless variables in graphs would make use of the mathematical properties, placing the single measurement in a more general context, including mass-independence and the isochronism (for small angles). The concept of ‘effective weight’ used by Coelho is then discussed in relation to inertial forces and the principle of equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass.
Using charge collection narrowing to tune from broadband to narrowband all-polymer photodetectors
Authors: Wang Xiao , Fang Yuan , Jin Hui , Jiang Wei , Gao Mile , Burn Paul L , E Shaw Paul
Published: October 2022

We report an all-polymer photodiode comprising a new electron-transporting polymer, PNNTH, that contains naphthalene diimide and thiazole moieties. PNNTH has strong absorption at around 670 nm and an electron mobility of ≈10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Bulk heterojunction films composed of PNNTH blended with the donor polymer, PBDTT-FTTE, in a weight ratio of 1:2 were found to have electron and hole mobilities of ≈10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and ≈10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The photoresponse of conventional and inverted organic photodiodes containing the blend could be tuned from broadband (400–800 nm) to narrowband (50 nm full-width-at-half-maximum) simply by changing the thickness of the all-polymer blend. The narrowband response was achieved using the charge collection narrowing mechanism, which was enhanced by the unbalanced charge mobility. Transfer matrix-based optical modelling confirmed the wavelength dependence of the photoresponse. For both the broadband and narrowband photodiodes, the specific detectivity was greater than 1011 Jones.
Constraining the local pulsar population with the cosmic-ray positron fraction
Authors: Bitter Olivia Meredith , Hooper Dan
Published: October 2022

Observations of the TeV halos associated with nearby pulsars indicate that these objects
inject significant fluxes of very high-energy electron-positrons pairs into the interstellar
medium (ISM), thereby likely providing the dominant contribution to the cosmic-ray positron
flux. In this paper, we use the cosmic-ray positron fraction as measured by the AMS-02
Collaboration to constrain the characteristics of the local pulsar population. For reasonable
model parameters, we find that we can obtain good agreement with the measured positron fraction up
to energies of Ee
∼ 300 GeV. At higher energies, the positron fraction is dominated
by a small number of pulsars, making it difficult to reliably predict the shape of the expected
positron fraction. The low-energy positron spectrum supports the conclusion that pulsars typically
transfer approximately η ∼ 5–20% of their total spindown power into the production of
very high-energy electron-positron pairs, producing a spectrum of such particles with a hard
spectral index, α ∼ 1.5–1.7. Such pulsars typically spindown on a timescale on the order
of τ ∼ 104 years. Our best fits were obtained for models in which the radio and
gamma-ray beams from pulsars are detectable to 28% and 62% of surrounding observers,
respectively.
On the primordial origin of the smoothing excess in the Planck temperature power spectrum in light of LSS data
Authors: Ballardini Mario , Finelli Fabio
Published: October 2022

The Planck DR3 measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies power spectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) show
an excess of smoothing of the acoustic peaks with respect to ΛCDM, often quantified by a
phenomenological parameter A
L. A specific feature superimposed to the primordial power
spectrum has been suggested as a physical solution for this smoothing excess.
Here, we investigate the impact of this specific localized oscillation with a frequency linear
in the wavenumber, designed to mimic the smoothing of CMB temperature spectrum corresponding to
A
L ≃ 1.1–1.2 on the matter power spectrum.
We verify the goodness of the predictions in perturbation theory at next-to-leading order with a set of N-body simulations, a necessary step to study the non-linear damping of these primordial oscillations.
We show that for a large portion of the parameter space, the amplitude of this primordial
oscillation can be strongly damped on the observed nonlinear matter power spectrum at z = 0, but
a larger signal is still persistent at z ≲ 2 and is therefore a target for future galaxy surveys at high redshifts. From an analysis of the BOSS DR12 two-point correlation function, we find
𝒜lin < 0.26 at 95% CL by keeping the frequency fixed to the best-fit of Planck data.
Schrödinger cat state formation in small bosonic Josephson junctions at finite temperatures and dissipation
Authors: Tsarev D V , Ansimov D V , Podoshvedov S A , Alodjants A P
Published: October 2022

In this work, we consider the feasibility of Schrödinger cat (SC) and

N
00
N

states formation by a convenient bosonic Josephson junction system in two-mode approximation. Starting with purely quantum description of two-mode Bose–Einstein condensate we investigate the effective potential approach that provides an accurate analytical description for the system with a large number of particles. We show that in the zero temperature limit SC states result from a quantum phase transition that occurs when the nonlinear strength becomes comparable with the Josephson coupling parameter. The Wigner function approach demonstrates the growth of the SC state halves separation and formation of

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00
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-like states (a Fock state superposition) with the particle number increase. We examine the possibility to attain the SC state at finite temperatures and a weak dissipation leading to appearing of some critical temperature; it defines the second-order phase transition from classical activation process to the SC state formation through the quantum tunneling phenomenon. Numerical estimations demonstrate that the critical temperature is sufficiently below the temperature of atomic condensation. The results obtained may be useful for experimental observation of SC states with small condensate Josephson junctions.
Development of thermal neutron shield with low radioactivity
Authors: Ha D.H. , Kim G.W. , Kim H.J. , Kim J.H. , Kim Y.D. , Lee E.K. , Lee J. , Nyanda P.B. , Park H. , Park S.Y. , Sari M.B. , Seo J.W. , Yi E.S. , Yoon Y.S.
Published: October 2022

The second phase of the Advanced Mo-based Rare process
Experiment (AMoRE-II) searches for a neutrino-less double-beta decay
of 100Mo. A background level in the region of interest of
3034 ± 10 keV is required to be lower than 10-4 count/(keV
kg year). Neutrons can generate background signals by gamma-ray
emitting reactions with AMoRE-II detector materials. Thermal neutron
shields will be installed inside and outside the lead shield to
reduce the neutron flux in the shielding system. The background
radioactivity of the inner thermal neutron shield must be low
because AMoRE-II requires a low background level. A thermal neutron
shield with a high shielding efficiency and low radioactivity was
produced by using boric acid powder and silicone rubber. The
shielding efficiency was tested to be
{99.2 ± 0.25(stat)-0.53
+0.47(syst)}%, and
the radioactivities of 40K, 226Ra, 228Ac, and 
228Th were measured to be < 9.2 at 90% C.L., 14.2 ± 1.5,
< 1.6 at 90% C.L., and 2.83 ± 0.80 mBq/kg, respectively.