bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universal activity-based labeling method for ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing bacteria
Authors: Sakoula Dimitra , Smith Garrett J , Frank Jeroen , Mesman Rob J , Kop Linnea F M , Blom Pieter , Jetten Mike S M , van Kessel Maartje A H J , Lücker Sebastian
Published: November 2021

The advance of metagenomics in combination with intricate cultivation approaches has facilitated the discovery of novel ammonia-, methane-, and other short-chain alkane-oxidizing microorganisms, indicating that our understanding of the microbial biodiversity within the biogeochemical nitrogen and carbon cycles still is incomplete. The in situ detection and phylogenetic identification of novel ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing bacteria remain challenging due to their naturally low abundances and difficulties in obtaining new isolates from complex samples. Here, we describe an activity-based protein profiling protocol allowing cultivation-independent unveiling of ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing bacteria. In this protocol, 1,7-octadiyne is used as a bifunctional enzyme probe that, in combination with a highly specific alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction, enables the fluorescent or biotin labeling of cells harboring active ammonia and alkane monooxygenases. Biotinylation of these enzymes in combination with immunogold labeling revealed the subcellular localization of the tagged proteins, which corroborated expected enzyme targets in model strains. In addition, fluorescent labeling of cells harboring active ammonia or alkane monooxygenases provided a direct link of these functional lifestyles to phylogenetic identification when combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we show that this activity-based labeling protocol can be successfully coupled with fluorescence-activated cell sorting for the enrichment of nitrifiers and alkane-oxidizing bacteria from complex environmental samples, enabling the recovery of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a novel, functional tagging technique for the reliable detection, identification, and enrichment of ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing bacteria present in complex microbial communities.
Structure and stability of symptoms in first episode psychosis: a longitudinal network approach
Authors: Griffiths Siân Lowri , Leighton Samuel P. , Mallikarjun Pavan Kumar , Blake Georgina , Everard Linda , Jones Peter B. , Fowler David , Hodgekins Joanne , Amos Tim , Freemantle Nick , Sharma Vimal , Marshall Max , McCrone Paul , Singh Swaran P. , Birchwood Max , Upthegrove Rachel
Published: November 2021

Early psychosis is characterised by heterogeneity in illness trajectories, where outcomes remain poor for many. Understanding psychosis symptoms and their relation to illness outcomes, from a novel network perspective, may help to delineate psychopathology within early psychosis and identify pivotal targets for intervention. Using network modelling in first episode psychosis (FEP), this study aimed to identify: (a) key central and bridge symptoms most influential in symptom networks, and (b) examine the structure and stability of the networks at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Data on 1027 participants with FEP were taken from the National EDEN longitudinal study and used to create regularised partial correlation networks using the ‘EBICglasso’ algorithm for positive, negative, and depressive symptoms at baseline and at 12-months. Centrality and bridge estimations were computed using a permutation-based network comparison test. Depression featured as a central symptom in both the baseline and 12-month networks. Conceptual disorganisation, stereotyped thinking, along with hallucinations and suspiciousness featured as key bridge symptoms across the networks. The network comparison test revealed that the strength and bridge centralities did not differ significantly between the two networks (C = 0.096153;p = 0.22297). However, the network structure and connectedness differed significantly from baseline to follow-up (M = 0.16405,p = <0.0001; S = 0.74536,p = 0.02), with several associations between psychosis and depressive items differing significantly by 12 months. Depressive symptoms, in addition to symptoms of thought disturbance (e.g. conceptual disorganisation and stereotyped thinking), may be examples of important, under-recognized treatment targets in early psychosis, which may have the potential to lead to global symptom improvements and better recovery.
Cdc25A inhibits autophagy-mediated ferroptosis by upregulating ErbB2 through PKM2 dephosphorylation in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Wang Chen , Zeng Jie , Li Li-Jie , Xue Min , He Si-Li
Published: November 2021

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and treatment for cervical cancer is very limited. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting ferroptosis is a promising way to treat cancer. Here, we investigated the role of ferroptosis in cervical cancer, with a focus on the Cdc25A/PKM2/ErbB2 axis. Cervical cancer cells were treated with sorafenib to induce ferroptosis. Cellular MDA/ROS/GSH/iron detection assays were used to measure ferroptosis. MTT assays were performed to assess cell viability. qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunostaining assays were performed to measure the levels of proteins. Autophagy was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Nuclear and cytosolic fractions were isolated to examine the location of PKM2 modifications. Co-IP experiments were conducted to determine the Cdc25A/PKM2 interaction. ChIP assays were performed to measure the binding affinity between H3K9Ac and the ErbB3 promoter, and a dual luciferase assay was performed to examine the transcriptional activity of ErbB2. A nude mouse xenograft model was used to examine the effects of the Cdc25A/ErbB2 axis on tumour growth in vivo. Cdc25A was elevated in human cervical cancer tissues but was reduced during sorafenib-induced ferroptosis of cervical cancer cells. Overexpression of Cdc25A inhibited sorafenib-induced ferroptosis by dephosphorylating nuclear PKM2 and suppressing autophagy. Cdc25A regulated autophagy-induced ferroptosis by increasing ErbB2 levels via the PKM2–pH3T11–H3K9Ac pathway. Cdc25A increased the resistance of cervical cancer to sorafenib, while knockdown of ErbB2 blocked these effects. Cdc25A suppressed autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in cervical cancer cells by upregulating ErbB2 levels through the dephosphorylation of PKM2. These studies revealed that Cdc25A/PKM2/ErbB2 pathway-regulated ferroptosis could serve as a therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
Phacoemulsification combined with micropulse cyclodiode laser in glaucoma patients: efficacy and safety
Authors: Daas Arij , Sherman Thomas , Danieliute Lina , Goyal Saurabh , Amon Andrew , Rodrigues Ian , Karimi Ayesha , Lim Kin Sheng
Published: November 2021

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) in glaucoma patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective case-note review. The participants were adult patients with diagnoses of glaucoma and cataract who required a further reduction in IOP or a reduction in the number of glaucoma drops. All consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery (CS) combined with MP-TSCPC laser between October 2018 and July 2019 were included in the study. The effect on visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of anti-glaucoma drops were evaluated at 6 and 12 months in addition to any complications that occurred during any time point of the study.

Results

42 eyes were included in the study. Mean IOP was reduced from 19.5 ± 5.4 mmHg by 22.5% to 15.1 ± 4.6 at 6 months post-operatively and by 19.5% to 15 ± 6.6 mm Hg at 12 months (p < 0.001 at both time points). The number of anti-glaucoma medications also reduced significantly from 2.8 ± 1.3 to 1.6 ± 1.2 at 6 months and to 2.2 ± 1.3 at 12 months (p < 0.001 at both time points). The success rate was 56% at 6 months and 54% at 12 months. 54.7% of our patients who completed 12 months follow up had an improvement or unchanged vision at the last visits.

Conclusion

This is the first study evaluating the effect of cataract surgery combined with MP-TSCPC in glaucoma patients. We demonstrated that this led to a reduction in IOP and the number of anti-glaucoma medications at 6 and 12-month postoperatively. The majority of patients had either stable or better vision at 12 months follow-up.
3D-printed phantoms to quantify accuracy and variability of goniometric and volumetric assessment of Peyronie’s disease deformities
Authors: Walker Dyvon T. , Jiang Tommy , Santamaria Alvaro , Osadchiy Vadim , Daniels Doug , Sturm Renea M. , Mills Jesse N. , Eleswarapu Sriram V.
Published: November 2021

Characterization of Peyronie’s disease (PD) involves manual goniometry and penile length measurement. These techniques neglect volume loss or hourglass deformities. Inter-provider variability complicates accuracy. Using 3D-printed models, we aimed to evaluate measurement accuracy and variability and establish computational assessment workflows. Five digital phantoms were created: 13.0 cm cylinder, 13.0 cm hourglass cylinder, 15.0 cm cylinder with 40° angulation, 12.0 cm straight penis, and 12.9 cm PD penis with 68° angulation and hourglass. Lengths, volumes, and angles were determined computationally. Each phantom was 3D-printed. Ten urology providers determined lengths, angles, and volumes with measuring tape, goniometer, and volume calculator. Provider versus computational measurements were compared to determine accuracy using t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. No significant differences were observed between manual assessment of length of penile models and designed length in penile models. Average curvature angles from providers for bent cylinder and PD phantoms were 38.3° ± 3.9° (p = 0.25) and 57.5° ± 7.2° (p = 0.006), respectively. When assessing for volume, hourglass cylinder and bent cylinder showed significant differences between designed volume and provider averages. All assessments of length, angle, and volume showed significant provider variability. Our results suggest manual measurements suffer from inaccuracy and variability. Computational workflows are useful for improved accuracy and volume assessment.
Direct evidence for the role of microbial community composition in the formation of soil organic matter composition and persistence
Authors: Domeignoz-Horta Luiz A , Shinfuku Melissa , Junier Pilar , Poirier Simon , Verrecchia Eric , Sebag David , DeAngelis Kristen M
Published: November 2021

The largest terrestrial carbon sink on earth is soil carbon stocks. As the climate changes, the rate at which the Earth’s climate warms depends in part on the persistence of soil organic carbon. Microbial turnover forms the backbone of soil organic matter (SOM) formation and it has been recently proposed that SOM molecular complexity is a key driver of stability. Despite this, the links between microbial diversity, chemical complexity and biogeochemical nature of SOM remain missing. Here we tested the hypotheses that distinct microbial communities shape the composition of SOM, and microbial-derived SOM has distinct decomposition potential depending on its community of origin. We inoculated microbial communities of varying diversities into a model soil matrix amended with simple carbon (cellobiose) and measured the thermal stability of the resultant SOM. Using a Rock-Eval® ramped thermal analysis, we found that microbial community composition drives the chemical fingerprint of soil carbon. While diversity was not a driver of SOM composition, bacteria-only communities lead to more thermally labile soil C pools than communities with bacteria and fungi. Our results provide direct evidence for a link between microbial community structure, SOM composition, and thermal stability. This evidence demonstrates the relevance of soil microorganisms in building persistent SOM stocks.
Root-associated fungal community reflects host spatial co-occurrence patterns in a subtropical forest
Authors: Kuang Jialiang , Han Shun , Chen Yongjian , Bates Colin T , Wang Pandeng , Shu Wensheng
Published: November 2021

Plant roots harbor and interact with diverse fungal species. By changing these belowground fungal communities, focal plants can affect the performance of surrounding individuals and the outcome of coexistence. Although highly host related, the roles of these root-associated fungal communities per se in host plant spatial co-occurrence is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the host dependency of root-associated communities for 39-plant species spatially mapped throughout a 50-ha subtropical forest plot with relevant environmental properties. In addition, we explored whether the differentiation in root fungal associations among plant species can reflect their observed co-occurrence patterns. We demonstrated a strong host-dependency by discriminating the differentiation of root-associated fungal communities regardless of background soil heterogeneity. Furthermore, Random Forest modeling indicated that these nonrandom root fungal associations significantly increased our ability to explain spatial co-occurrence patterns, and to a greater degree than the relative abundance, phylogenetic relatedness, and functional traits of the host plants. Our results further suggested that plants harbor more abundant shared, “generalist” pathogens are likely segregated, while hosting more abundant unique, “specialist” ectomycorrhizal fungi might be an important strategy for promoting spatial aggregation, particularly between early established trees and the heterospecific adults. Together, we provide a conceptual and testable approach to integrate this host-dependent root fungal “fingerprinting” into the plant diversity patterns. We highlight that this approach is complementary to the classic cultivation-based scheme and can deepen our understanding of the community-level effect from overall fungi and its contribution to the pairwise plant dynamics in local species-rich communities.
A redox reversible endoplasmic reticulum-targeted fluorescent probe for revealing the redox status of living cells
Authors: Tang Ying-Jie , He Shan , Guo Xiao-Feng , Wang Hong
Published: November 2021

N–Se can monitor the dynamic changes of redox status in endoplasmic reticulum.
Fabrication of a 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheet colloidal system and investigation of its fluorescence response to pesticide molecules
Authors: Su Boya , Liao Shengyun , Zhu Haitao , Ge Shuxian , Liu Yan , Wang Jingyao , Chen Hui , Wang Lidong
Published: November 2021

A novel Zn-LMOF was synthesized and exfoliated into ultrathin nanosheets to construct a stable sol–gel sensing system. It can sensitively sense pesticides such as imidacloprid, nitenpyram and dinotefuran via fluorescence quenching effect with very low detection limit (LOD).
A self-assembled M2L2 truncated square and its application as a container for fullerenes
Authors: Yuan Jun , Lv Wanqian , Li Anquan , Zhu Kelong
Published: November 2021

A truncated square-like M2L2 metallamacrocycle was successfully assembled and utilized as a container for the highly efficient encapsulation of fullerenes.
The ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic phases (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic) of KMnF3. A quantum mechanical investigation
Authors: Pascale Fabien , D’Arco Philippe , Dovesi Roberto
Published: November 2021

The relative stability of 3 FM/AFM groups of KMnF3 perovskites is computed and the superexchange mechanism is illustrated.
Novel high-performance anodic materials for lithium ion batteries: two-dimensional Sn–X (X = C, Si, and Ge) alloy monolayers
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Zu Yunxiao , Kuai Yue , Gao Shuli , Wu Ge , Chen Wen , Wu Liyuan , Chen Changcheng , Liu Gang
Published: November 2021

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have always been the focus of researchers for energy storage applications.
Thermal stability of C–F/C(–F)2 bonds in fluorinated graphene detected by in situ heating infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yulong , Cheng Jingliang , Wang Xu , Liu Yang , Liu Xiangyang
Published: November 2021

Fluorinated graphene (FG) with different types and distributions of C–F/C(–F)2 bonds was synthesized, and the correlation between the C–F/C(–F)2 bonds and thermal stability was monitored via in situ heating infrared spectroscopy.
Boosting the performance of Ni/Al2O3 for the reverse water gas shift reaction through formation of CuNi nanoalloys
Authors: Gioria Esteban , Ingale Piyush , Pohl Felix , Naumann d'Alnoncourt Raoul , Thomas Arne , Rosowski Frank
Published: November 2021

Adding Cu to Ni/Al2O3 is an excellent strategy to suppress methane formation and enhance carbon monoxide yield through formation of alloyed nanoparticles.
Effects of nanoplastics on microalgae and their trophic transfer along the food chain: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Zhu Honglu , Fu Shanfei , Zou Hua , Su Yanyan , Zhang Yifeng
Published: November 2021

Nanoplastics (NPs) have drawn increasing attention in recent years due to their potential threats to aquatic ecosystems.
Anti-aging effects of the fermented anthocyanin extracts of purple sweet potato on Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhao Jichun , Yu Jie , Zhi Qi , Yuan Tingting , Lei Xiaojuan , Zeng Kaifang , Ming Jian
Published: November 2021

After fermentation with Weissella confusa, purple sweet potato anthocyanins were degraded into phenolic acids, resulting in higher antioxidant activity. Fermented purple sweet potato anthocyanins can extend the lifespan of nematodes via IIS and dietary restriction pathways.
Antiproliferative activity of berberine in HepG2 cells via inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle
Authors: Yang Lele , Cao Jiliang , Wei Jinchao , Deng Jiagang , Hou Xiaotao , Hao Erwei , Du Zhengcai , Zou Liang , Li Peng
Published: November 2021

Antiproliferative mechanisms of berberine in HepG2 cells are revealed by integrating network pharmacology, proteomics, and bioinformatic analysis. Notably, this finding demonstrates a novel anti-tumor target of berberine via tumor suppressor-AKAP12.
The chemodynamic antibacterial effect of MnOX nanosheet decorated silicon nanowire arrays
Authors: Li Mingkang , Li Guize , Wang Hongwei , Yuan Lin
Published: November 2021

Modified manganese oxide on the surface of silicon nanowire arrays deposited on polydopamine (SN@PDA@MnOX) had a strong chemodynamic antibacterial effect due to a significant increase in the yield of ROS within a short time.
High entropy alloy nitrides with integrated nanowire/nanosheet architecture for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhu Han , Lu Shuanglong , Duan Fang , Du Mingliang
Published: November 2021

We report the in situ synthesis of FeCoNiCuMnN high entropy alloy nitrides with unique integrated nanowire/nanosheet architecture on carbon cloth by hydrothermal reaction and subsequent calcination.
Base-promoted thioannulation of o-alkynyl oxime ethers with sodium sulfide for the general synthesis of isothiocoumarins
Authors: Zhang Zhu-Zhu , Sun Cai-Ling , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Zhang Xing-Guo
Published: November 2021

Base-promoted 6-endo-dig thioannulation of o-alkynyl oxime ethers through two C–S bond formations, N–O bond cleavage and the hydrolysis of imines for the synthesis of isothiocoumarin-1-ones has been developed.
Intramolecular-locked triphenylamine derivatives with adjustable room temperature phosphorescence properties by the substituent effect
Authors: Han Mengmeng , Xu Zhichen , Lu Jie , Xie Yujun , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: November 2021

A series of intramolecular-locked triphenylamine derivatives with adjustable room temperature phosphorescence properties by the substituent effect, which can tune the intramolecular charge transfer and intermolecular interactions.
Ag/α-Ag2MoO4/h-MoO3 nanoparticle based microspheres: synthesis and photosensitive properties
Authors: Vishnevetskii Dmitry V. , Averkin Dmitry V. , Efimov Alexey A. , Lizunova Anna A. , Ivanova Alexandra I. , Pakhomov Pavel M. , Ruehl E.
Published: November 2021

We present a new and the most simple method for the preparation of a silver molybdate composite material with enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Ionic flexible force sensors and their potential applications
Authors: He Yin , Wu Junxian , Lin Meixia , Xiao Shuang , Liu Hao , Zhou Peng
Published: November 2021

Ionic flexible force sensors based on materials of different ionic electrolyte layers and flexible electrodes and their applications.
Study on the influencing factors to reduce the recovery time of superconducting tapes and coils for the DC superconducting fault current limiter applications
Authors: Xiang Bin , Wang Wenqing , Li Hongxu , Gao Lei , Liu Zhiyuan , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua , Tu Youping
Published: November 2021

Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) are important in improving the stability of electrical power systems. However, the existing resistive‐type DC SFCL has a long recovery time, which cannot meet the requirements of power system auto‐reclosure. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the methods of reducing recovery time of SFCLs. In the simulations on superconducting tapes, there is a lack of investigation about the effects of design factors of superconducting tapes and coils such as material, thickness, coil radius, coil winding method on recovery characteristics. The objective of this study is to obtain the effects of material and geometric properties of superconducting tapes and coils on recovery characteristics and obtain methods to reduce the recovery time. The recovery times under different conducting currents are also compared by simulations and experiments to verify simulation accuracy. The maximum error is below 40% and most of the cases have an error below 10%. Besides, by increasing tape thickness, the recovery time can be reduced by 22%. Tape materials and coil winding methods can be designed according to the auto‐reclosure and current‐limiting requirements of the power systems. The research provided directions for the design of superconducting tape and superconducting coil for resistive‐type DC SFCLs.
A novel method for driving path planning with spark
Authors: LI Leixiao , LIN Hao , Wan Jianxiong , Wang Yongsheng , GAO Jing
Published: November 2021

Efficient and accurate driving path planning can help drivers drive. To solve the problem of low efficiency of traditional heuristic algorithms such as PSO and GA in solving driving path planning, Excellence Coefficient is introduced into PSO and GA combine by serial hybrid structure and make a parallel design based on Spark, which is called EC‐SPPSOGA. Excellence Coefficient, calculated by length of the side, can increase the probability of good edges being left, simultaneously, preserves the possibility of longer side being selected. The parallel design of EC‐SPPSOGA is based on time‐consuming analysis of heuristic algorithms. The performance of EC‐SPPSOGA is validated based on the real latitude and longitude of Hohhot and the data in TSPLIB. It is verified that the EC‐SPPSOGA can improve efficiency of driving path planning and has good scalability.
The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: Evidence for SFR-induced cores in dark-matter dominated galaxies atz≃ 1
Authors: Bouché Nicolas F. , Bera Samuel , Krajnović Davor , Emsellem Eric , Mercier Wilfried , Schaye Joop , Epinat Benoît , Richard Johan , Zoutendijk Sebastiaan L. , Abril-Melgarejo Valentina , Brinchmann Jarle , Bacon Roland , Contini Thierry , Boogaard Leindert , Wisotzki Lutz , Maseda Michael , Steinmetz Matthias
Published: November 2021

Context.Disc-halo decompositionsz = 1 − 2 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) atz > 1 are often limited to massive galaxies (M⋆ > 1010M⊙) and rely on either deep integral field spectroscopy data or stacking analyses.

Aims.We present a study of the dark-matter (DM) content of ninez ≈ 1 SFGs selected among the brightest [O II] emitters in the deepest Multi-Unit Spectrograph Explorer (MUSE) field to date, namely the 140 h MUSE Extremely Deep Field. These SFGs have low stellar masses, ranging from 108.5to 1010.5 M⊙.

Methods.We analyzed the kinematics with a 3D modeling approach, which allowed us to measure individual rotation curves to ≈3 times the half-light radiusRe. We performed disk-halo decompositions on their [O II] emission line with a 3D parametric model. The disk-halo decomposition includes a stellar, DM, gas, and occasionally a bulge component. The DM component primarily uses the generalizedα, β, γprofile or a Navarro-Frenk-White profile.

Results.The disk stellar massesM⋆obtained from the [O II] disk-halo decomposition agree with the values inferred from the spectral energy distributions. While the rotation curves show diverse shapes, ranging from rising to declining at large radii, the DM fractions within the half-light radiusfDM( 1010M⊙. The DM halos show constant surface densities of ∼100M⊙pc−2. For isolated galaxies, half of the sample shows a strong preference for cored over cuspy DM profiles. The presence of DM cores appears to be related to galaxies with low stellar-to-halo mass ratio, logM⋆/Mvir ≈ −2.5. In addition, the cuspiness of the DM profiles is found to be a strong function of the recent star-formation activity.

Conclusions.We measured the properties of DM halos on scales from 1 to 15 kpc, put constraints on thez > 0cvir − Mvirscaling relation, and unveiled the cored nature of DM halos in somez ≃ 1 SFGs. These results support feedback-induced core formation in the cold dark matter context.
Highly sensitive search for magnetic fields in white dwarfs using broad-band circular polarimetry
Authors: Berdyugin Andrei V. , Piirola Vilppu , Bagnulo Stefano , Landstreet John D. , Berdyugina Svetlana V.
Published: November 2021

Circular polarisation measurements of white dwarfs of various ages and spectral types are useful to understand the origin and evolution of the magnetic field in degenerate stars. In the latest stages of white dwarf evolution, when stars are so cool that spectral lines are no longer formed in the normal H- or He-dominated atmospheres, magnetic fields can be probed only by means of circular polarimetry of the continuum. The study of the fields of featureless DC white dwarfs may reveal whether Ohmic decay acts on magnetic white dwarfs, or if magnetic fields continue to be generated even several billion years after white dwarf formation. Compared to spectropolarimetry, broad-band circular polarisation measurements have the advantage of reaching a higher accuracy in the continuum, with the potential of detecting magnetic fields as weak as a fraction of a MG in DC stars, if the telescope size is adequate for the star’s magnitude. Here we present the results of a first (short) observing campaign with the DIPol-UF polarimeter, which we have used to measure broad-band circular polarisation of white dwarfs. Our observing run was in part aimed to fully characterise the instrument, and in part to study the relationship between magnetic field strength (when known from spectropolarimetry) and circular polarisation of the continuum. We also observed a small number of previously unexplored DC white dwarfs, and we present the discovery of two new magnetic white dwarfs of spectral class DC, probably the first discovery of this kind made with broad-band circular polarimetric techniques since the late 1970s. We also discuss the characteristics of our instrument, and predict the level of polarimetric accuracy that may be reached as a function of stellar magnitude, exposure time, and telescope size.
The first coronal mass ejection observed in both visible-light and UV H I Ly-αchannels of the Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter
Authors: Andretta V. , Bemporad A. , De Leo Y. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Mierla M. , Naletto G. , Romoli M. , Sasso C. , Slemer A. , Spadaro D. , Susino R. , Talpeanu D.-C. , Telloni D. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M. , Antonucci E. , Auchère F. , Berghmans D. , Berlicki A. , Capobianco G. , Capuano G. E. , Casini C. , Casti M. , Chioetto P. , Da Deppo V. , Fabi M. , Fineschi S. , Frassati F. , Frassetto F. , Giordano S. , Grimani C. , Heinzel P. , Liberatore A. , Magli E. , Massone G. , Messerotti M. , Moses D. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Pelizzo M.-G. , Romano P. , Schühle U. , Stangalini M. , Straus Th. , Volpicelli C. A. , Zangrilli L. , Zuppella P. , Abbo L. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Bruno R. , Ciaravella A. , D’Amicis R. , Lamy P. , Lanzafame A. , Malvezzi A. M. , Nicolosi P. , Nisticò G. , Peter H. , Plainaki C. , Poletto L. , Reale F. , Solanki S. K. , Strachan L. , Tondello G. , Tsinganos K. , Velli M. , Ventura R. , Vial J.-C. , Woch J. , Zimbardo G.
Published: November 2021

Context.The Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter offers a new view of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), observing them for the first time with simultaneous images acquired with a broad-band filter in the visible-light interval and with a narrow-band filter around the H ILy-αline at 121.567 nm, the so-called Metis UV channel.

Aims.We show the first Metis observations of a CME, obtained on 16 and 17 January 2021. The event was also observed by the EUI/FSI imager on board Solar Orbiter, as well as by other space-based coronagraphs, such as STEREO-A/COR2 and SOHO/LASCO/C2, whose images are combined here with Metis data.

Methods.Different images are analysed here to reconstruct the 3D orientation of the expanding CME flux rope using the graduated cylindrical shell model. This also allows us to identify the possible location of the source region. Measurements of the CME kinematics allow us to quantify the expected Doppler dimming in the Ly-αchannel.

Results.Observations show that most CME features seen in the visible-light images are also seen in the Ly-αimages, although some features in the latter channel appear more structured than their visible-light counterparts. We estimated the expansion velocity of this event to be below 140 km s−1. Hence, these observations can be understood by assuming that Doppler dimming effects do not strongly reduce the Ly-αemission from the CME. These velocities are comparable with or smaller than the radial velocities inferred from the same data in a similar coronal structure on the east side of the Sun.

Conclusions.The first observations by Metis of a CME demonstrate the capability of the instrument to provide valuable and novel information on the structure and dynamics of these coronal events. Considering also its diagnostics capabilities regarding the conditions of the ambient corona, Metis promises to significantly advance our knowledge of such phenomena.
Solar Energetic Particle Event occurrence prediction using Solar Flare Soft X-ray measurements and Machine Learning
Authors: Aminalragia-Giamini Sigiava , Raptis Savvas , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Tsigkanos Antonis , Sandberg Ingmar , Papaioannou Athanasios , Papadimitriou Constantinos , Jiggens Piers , Aran Angels , Daglis Ioannis A.
Published: November 2021

The prediction of the occurrence of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events has been investigated over many years, and multiple works have presented significant advances in this problem. The accurate and timely prediction of SEPs is of interest to the scientific community as well as mission designers, operators, and industrial partners due to the threat SEPs pose to satellites, spacecrafts, and crewed missions. In this work, we present a methodology for the prediction of SEPs from the soft X-rays of solar flares associated with SEPs that were measured in 1 AU. We use an expansive dataset covering 25 years of solar activity, 1988–2013, which includes thousands of flares and more than two hundred identified and catalogued SEPs. Neural networks are employed as the predictors in the model, providing probabilities for the occurrence or not of a SEP, which are converted to yes/no predictions. The neural networks are designed using current and state-of-the-art tools integrating recent advances in the machine learning field. The results of the methodology are extensively evaluated and validated using all the available data, and it is shown that we achieve very good levels of accuracy with correct SEP occurrence prediction higher than 85% and correct no-SEP predictions higher than 92%. Finally, we discuss further work towards potential improvements and the applicability of our model in real-life conditions.
TIPS for the management of stomal variceal bleeding due to cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Kaczmarek Dominik J. , Kupczyk Patrick , Schultheiß Michael , Chang Johannes , Jansen Christian , Trebicka Jonel , Weismüller Tobias , Vilz Tim Oliver , Luu Andreas Minh , Attenberger Ulrike , Strassburg Christian P. , Meyer Carsten , Praktiknjo Michael
Published: November 2021

Background Portal hypertension (PH) is associated with the development of esophageal or gastric varices, which can cause bleedings with high mortality. Varices can also manifest at sites of stomata. These parastomal varices can cause recurrent variceal bleedings (VB) despite local therapies. We present a case series of parastomal VB due to PH that were managed with implantation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Methods We retrospectively included all patients (pt) from 2 tertiary medical centers with parastomal VB between January 2014 and February 2020 who underwent the TIPS procedure.

Results Nine pt were included. Seven pt had liver cirrhosis, mostly alcohol-related. Two pt had non-cirrhotic PH due to porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSD). Four pt had a colostomy, 1 an ileostomy, and 4 an ileal conduit. Malignancy was the leading cause of stoma surgery. All 9 pt suffered from recurrent parastomal VB despite non-selective beta-blocker and/or local therapy (e.g., compression, coagulation, suture ligation, or surgical stoma revision). All pt received TIPS implantation. In 7 pt, TIPS implantation led to sustainable hemostasis. Two pt suffered a bleeding relapse that was attributable to TIPS dysfunction. TIPS revision with coil embolization of the varices terminated the VB sustainably in both pt.

Conclusions In pt presenting with recurrent stomal bleedings, parastomal varices as a rare complication of PH must be taken into consideration as an underlying cause. In our case series, we managed to sustainably cease parastomal VB by TIPS implantation with or without coil embolization of the ectopic varices.
Zum Ertrag der Unterbringung in einer Entziehungsanstalt und zu methodischen Einwänden gegen die Essener Evaluationsstudie
Authors: Schalast Norbert , Frey Melanie , Nau Bastian , Boateng Shari , Leygraf Norbert
Published: November 2021

Der Bewährungserfolg einer Gruppe ehemaliger Patienten des § 64-Maßregelvollzugs und einer gematchten Vergleichsgruppe von Strafgefangenen wurde nach Entlassung in die Freiheit anhand von BZR-Auskünften verglichen.

Methodik 16 Kliniken übermittelten zu mehreren Zeitpunkten pseudonymisierte Daten. Zu jedem Patienten des MRV wurde anhand eines Merkmalschemas ein Vergleichsfall im Strafvollzug identifiziert.

Ergebnisse Beim Vergleich der Bewährungsverläufe über mehr als 4 Jahre zeigen sich hochsignifikante Vorteile der Interventionsgruppe (MRV) gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe (JVA), und zwar bei Einschluss auch aller Patienten mit ungünstigem Behandlungsverlauf.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse rechtfertigen nachdrücklich die Beibehaltung einer „Entziehungsmaßregel“.
The Role of Kinetics as Key Determinant in Toxicity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Their N-Oxides
Authors: Widjaja Frances , Alhejji Yasser , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M.
Published: November 2021

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a large group of plant constituents of which especially the 1,2- unsaturated PAs raise a concern because of their liver toxicity and potential genotoxic carcinogenicity. This toxicity of PAs depends on their kinetics. Differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics of PAs may substantially alter the relative toxicity of PAs. As a result, kinetics will also affect relative potency (REP) values. The present review summarizes the current state-of-the art on PA kinetics and resulting consequences for toxicity and illustrates how physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modelling can be applied to take kinetics into account when defining the relative differences in toxicity between PAs in the in vivo situation. We conclude that toxicokinetics play an important role in the overall toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. and that kinetics should therefore be considered when defining REP values for
combined risk assessment. New approach methodologies (NAMs) can be of use to quantify these kinetic differences between PAs and their N-oxides, thus contributing to the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) in animal studies.
Rosmarinic Acid Suppresses Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
Authors: Bian Huimiao , Wang Yang , Wu Peng , Han Na , Wang Linlin , Li Xue , Zhang XianJing , Cho Kenka , Zhang Yongyu , Yin Jun , Jiang Baohong
Published: November 2021

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder caused by dissection and rupture. No effective medicine is currently available for the > 90% of patients whose aneurysms are below the surgical threshold. The present study investigated the impact of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, or salvianolic acid B on experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Abdominal aortic aneurysms were induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via infusion of angiotensin II for 4 wks. Rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, salvianolic acid B, or doxycycline as a positive control was provided daily through intraperitoneal injection. Administration of rosmarinic acid was found to decrease the thickness of the aortic wall, as determined by histopathological assay. Rosmarinic acid also exhibited protection against elastin fragmentation in aortic media and down-regulated cell apoptosis and proliferation in the aortic adventitia. Infiltration of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in aortic aneurysms was found, especially at the aortic adventitia. Rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, or salvianolic acid B inhibited the infiltration on macrophages specifically, but these compounds did not influence T lymphocytes and neutrophils. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor significantly increased in aortic aneurysms. Rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid C decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in media, and rosmarinic acid also tended to reduce migration inhibitory factor expression. Further then, partial least squares-discriminate analysis was used to classify metabolic changes among different treatments. Rosmarinic acid affected most of the metabolites in the biosynthesis of the citrate cycle, fatty acid pathway significantly. Our present study on mice demonstrated that rosmarinic acid inhibited multiple pathological processes, which were the key features important in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Further study on rosmarinic acid, the novel candidate for aneurysmal therapy, should be undertaken to determine its potential for clinical use.
The [4.3.0] Piperidine Alkaloids: Architectures, Biology, Biosyntheses, and the Complete Details of the Asymmetric Syntheses of Streptazone A and Abikoviromycin
Authors: Poulsen Thomas B. , Wørmer Gustav J.
Published: November 2021

Piperidine alkaloids continue to challenge the synthetic community by featuring densely functionalized scaffolds that often require careful chemical orchestration. Streptazone A and abikoviromycin are small and highly functionalized piperidine alkaloids, both accommodating Michael acceptors and a labile epoxide. These moieties are loaded into a [4.3.0] bicyclic core also present in other structurally related natural products, including the well-known piperidine alkaloid streptazolin. Here, we cover ring-closing strategies employed in earlier streptazolin syntheses; provide a concise overview of structures, biological properties, and biosyntheses of selected [4.3.0] piperidine alkaloids; and, finally, provide complete coverage of our recent asymmetric syntheses of streptazone A and abikoviromycin.

1 Introduction

2 Streptazolin Syntheses

3 Epo-[4.3.0] Piperidine Alkaloids

3.1 Streptazones

3.2 Abikoviromycin

3.3 Strepchazolin A and B

3.4 Hatomamicin

3.5 Kobutimycin A and B

3.6 Camporidines A and B

3.7 Epostatin

3.8 N-Hydroxydihydroabikoviromycin

3.9 Dihydroabikoviromycin

3.10 Biosynthesis of Streptazone E and Camporidines

4 Syntheses of the Streptazones and Abikoviromycin

4.1 Retrosynthesis

4.2 Results and Discussion

5 Conclusion
Bromoarylation of Methyl 2-Chloroacrylate under Meerwein Conditions for the Synthesis of Substituted 3-Hydroxythiophenes
Authors: Ostapiuk Yurii V. , Schmidt Andreas , Shehedyn Maksym , Barabash Oksana V. , Demydchuk Bohdan , Batsyts Sviatoslav , Herzberger Colin
Published: November 2021

Methyl 3-aryl-2-bromo-2-chloropropanoates can be prepared by Meerwein reaction from methyl 2-chloroacrylate and various arenediazonium salts under copper(II) bromide catalysis. The resulting readily available compounds were used as starting materials in reactions with substituted methanethiols for the construction of substituted 3-hydroxythiophenes which have not yet been accessible by other routes. Structural variety of the obtained 2-substituted 5-aryl-3-hydroxythiophenes has been achieved due to a wide range of available starting materials, including both anilines and thiols.
Students' Perceptions of Clinical Education during a Global Pandemic
Authors: Pologruto Pamela , Jewell Jennifer , Cruz Laura
Published: November 2021

Introduction Clinical education is an essential component of allied health programs. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic had significant impacts on clinical education. The central purpose of this research was to recognize student perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their face-to-face clinical experiences during the global pandemic.

Methods A Qualtrics survey was sent to 80 physical therapist assistant students whose clinical education was affected during the 2019 to 2020 academic year. Subjects were asked about the following: factors that influenced their decision to complete clinical rotations during the pandemic; perceptions of learning, safety, and stress under these conditions as well as perceptions of the effectiveness of clinical preparatory activities.

Results Twenty-six responses to the survey were received and analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonpaired t-tests calculated for each scaled survey item to compare groups. A majority (83.3%) of the respondents reported graduation followed by professional experience (58.3%) as extremely important factors of consideration for participation in clinical education. Personal safety (33.3%) ranked the lowest of the extremely important factors. In preparing for the clinical experience, 75% reported that individual or small group meetings with the faculty member were extremely helpful. The majority of students (78.26%) strongly agreed that they learned a great deal from the clinical experiences under global pandemic; however, 52.17% reported they found the clinical experiences to be stressful.

Conclusion During the global pandemic, students placed greater value on interpersonal, trusted relationships when seeking information. Even though students felt stressed during their clinical education, they perceived that learning did occur. As the impacts of COVID-19 remain, physical therapy programs can use this data to recognize areas that require increased support and preparation for students' clinical experiences to encourage an impactful and sustainable future in clinical education.
Survey-Based Research of Knowledge and Perception of Endodontic Treatment on an Indian Subpopulation
Authors: Saji Shalin Ann , Shetty Chitharanjan , Shetty Aditya , Hegde Mithra N.
Published: November 2021

Objective To assess the patients' knowledge and perceptions regarding endodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in a group of 400 patients, consisting of questions based on sociodemographic details as well as their knowledge about endodontic treatment. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed using methods of descriptive analysis.

Results The majority of the respondents stated their level of knowledge regarding endodontic treatment as average.

Conclusion Within the limitations of the study, an improvement in the knowledge regarding endodontic treatment among patients was observed.

Clinical Significance Population-based surveys are useful for evaluating the community and patients' mentality toward endodontic treatment. Proper information regarding the treatment modalities can be explained to the patient based on their lack of information, which is of utmost importance to develop a positive approach to root canal treatment.
Peri-Implant Diseases
Authors: Das Dipanjan , Shenoy Nina
Published: November 2021

Osseointegrated dental implants have become an increasingly popular modality of treatment for the replacement of absent or lost teeth because of its high rates of long-term survival when used to support various types of dental prostheses. However, complications and implant failure can still occur and are considered by many clinicians as a major obstacle for implant treatment. Biological complications mainly refer to inflammatory conditions of the soft tissues and bone surrounding implants and their restorative components, which are induced by the accumulation of bacterial biofilm. Two clinical varieties may be distinguished: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible, plaque-induced inflammatory lesion confined to the peri-implant soft tissue unit, whereas peri-implantitis is an extension of peri-implant mucositis to involve the bone supporting the implant. Diagnosing and managing these biological complications is of utmost importance for the implant surgeon and dental practitioner. This review encompasses the etiology, diagnostic aspects, prevention, and management of biological complications.
An Assessment of Dental Anxiety in Patients Before and After Scaling and Polishing Procedures
Authors: Sreeja Sai S. , Bhandary Rahul , Bhat Amitha Ramesh , Shenoy Nina
Published: November 2021

Introduction As of now, there are not many investigations about the improvement of dental apprehension and dental participation in various populations over time. This investigation includes an examination of emotional appraisals of levels of dental apprehension in patients selected at the AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences. The investigation also aimed to discover the causes of dental apprehension as well as the effect of sexuality on the distinguished dental apprehension.

Materials and Methods The level of dental apprehension was assessed using questionnaires that included 15 questions before and after the scaling and polishing procedures for 78 patients. The typical features were drawn such as gender, age, and oral hygiene habits. The data analysis was analyzed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test to assess pre- and postanxiety levels.

Results A total of 78 responses were collected, resulting in a participation rate of 100%. Despite the fact that women had significantly higher overall dental apprehension levels compared with men, the discrepancy among the two genders was substantial and could be clarified.

Conclusion Dental fear was common in females, especially among those with dental problems, and a larger degree of dental fear can contribute to periodontal disease.