bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Tunnel Anchor Monitoring System Based on Long Short-Term Memory–Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Prediction
Authors: Qi Junyan , Che Yuhao , Wang Lei , Yuan Ruifu
Published: July 2024

Considering the shortcomings of the current monitoring system for tunnel anchor support systems, a tunnel anchor monitoring system based on LSTM-ARIMA prediction is proposed in this paper to prevent the deformation and collapse accidents that may occur in the underground mine tunnels during the backfilling process, which combines the Internet of Things and a neural network deep learning algorithm to achieve the real-time monitoring and prediction of the tunnel anchor pressure. To improve the prediction accuracy, a time series analysis algorithm is used in the prediction model of this system. In particular, an LSTM-ARIMA model is constructed to predict the tunnel anchor pressure by combining the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. And a dynamic weighted combination method is designed based on model prediction confidence to acquire the optimal weight coefficients. This combined model enables the monitoring system to predict the anchor pressure more accurately, thereby preventing possible tunnel deformation and collapse accidents in advance. Finally, the overall system is verified using the anchor pressure dataset obtained from the 21,404 section of the Hulusu Coal Mine transportation tunnel in real-world engineering, whose results show that the pressure value predicted using the combined model is basically the same as the actual value on site, and the system has high real-time performance and stability, proving the effectiveness and reliability of the system.
Enhancing Scalability of C-V2X and DSRC Vehicular Communication Protocols with LoRa 2.4 GHz in the Scenario of Urban Traffic Systems
Authors: Zadobrischi Eduard , Havriliuc Ștefan
Published: July 2024

In the realm of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), vehicular communication technologies such as Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC), Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), and LoRa 2.4 GHz play crucial roles in enhancing road safety, reducing traffic congestion, and improving transport efficiency. This article explores the integration of these communication protocols within smart intersections, emphasizing their capabilities and synergies. DSRC, based on IEEE 802.11p, provides reliable short-range communication with data rates up to 27 Mbps and latencies below 50 ms, ideal for real-time safety applications. C-V2X leverages LTE and 5G networks, offering broader coverage up to 10 km and supporting data rates up to 100 Mbps, with latencies as low as 20 ms in direct communication mode (PC5). LoRa 2.4 GHz, known for its long-range (up to 15 km in rural areas, 1–2 km in urban settings) and low-power characteristics, offers data rates between 0.3 and 37.5 kbps, suitable for non-critical data exchange and infrastructure monitoring. The study evaluates the performance and interoperability of these technologies in urban environments, focusing on data latency, transmission reliability, and scalability. Experimental results from simulated and real-world scenarios show that DSRC maintains reliable communication within 1 km with minimal interference. C-V2X demonstrates superior scalability and coverage, maintaining robust communication over several kilometers in high-density urban settings. LoRa 2.4 GHz exhibits excellent penetration through urban obstacles, maintaining connectivity and efficient data transmission with packet error rates below 10%.
An AC-DC Coordinated Scheme for Cascaded Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current to Suppress Wind Power Fluctuations
Authors: Zhou Tingshan , Li Qian , Xu Yufeng , Zhao Yizheng , Liu Deming , Liu Dong
Published: July 2024

Given power fluctuations from near-land offshore wind farms, this article designs a coordinated control strategy for cascaded hybrid DC transmission. To suppress the frequency disturbances when wind power varies, supplementary active power control schemes are proposed, in which the coordinated DC voltage control strategy is also considered in order to keep DC voltage stable when the supplementary control prompts a voltage-sourced converter overload. Simultaneously, to further improve wind farm-side AC voltage stability, a dynamic limiter is added in the coordinated control, which can make a voltage-sourced converter release more reactive power when a fault happens. Thereby, the stability of DC-side voltage and active power and AC-side frequency and voltage can all be enhanced through the proposed coordinated scheme. Finally, the electromagnetic transient model of the hybrid high-voltage direct current with renewable power is established using PSCAD X4.6.2 software, and the simulation example is carried out with the model to verify the scheme proposed in this article.
A Novel Chaos Control Strategy for a Single-Phase Photovoltaic Energy Storage Inverter
Authors: Gong Renxi , Liu Tao , Qin Yan , Xu Jiawei , Wei Zhihuan
Published: July 2024

The single-phase photovoltaic energy storage inverter represents a pivotal component within photovoltaic energy storage systems. Its operational dynamics are often intricate due to its inherent characteristics and the prevalent usage of nonlinear switching elements, leading to nonlinear characteristic bifurcation such as bifurcation and chaos. In this paper, a deep investigation of a single-phase H-bridge photovoltaic energy storage inverter under proportional–integral (PI) control is made, and a sinusoidal delayed feedback control (SDFC) strategy to mitigate the nonlinear characteristics is proposed. A frequency domain mapping model of the system is established, then, by analyzing the Jacobian matrix and equilibrium points, the bifurcation diagram is formed, and finally, the stable operational domains are determined under double and triple bifurcation parameters. Through simulation experiments, the efficacy of this strategy is validated. The findings show that through the control strategy, the stable operational envelope of the inverter can be greatly expanded and the nonlinear dynamic phenomena can be notably suppressed.
Interactive Path Editing and Simulation System for Motion Planning and Control of a Collaborative Robot
Authors: Yoo Taeho , Choi Byoung Wook
Published: July 2024

Robots in hazardous environments demand precise and advanced motion control, making extensive simulations crucial for verifying the safety of motion planning. This paper presents a simulation system that enables interactive path editing, allowing for motion planning in a simulated collaborative robot environment and its real-world application. The system includes a simulation host, a control board, and a robot. Unity 3D on a Windows platform provides the simulation environment, while a virtual Linux environment runs ROS2 for execution. Unity sends edited motion paths to ROS2 using the Unity ROS TCP Connector package. The ROS2 MoveIt framework generates trajectories, which are synchronized back to Unity for simulation and real-world validation. To control the six-axis Indy7 collaborative robot, we used the MIO5272 embedded board as an EtherCAT master. Verified trajectories are sent to the target board, synchronizing the robot with the simulation in position and speed. Data are relayed from the host to the MIO5272 using ROS2 and the Data Distribution Service (DDS) to control the robot via EtherCAT communication. The system enables direct simulation and control of various trajectories for robots in hazardous environments. It represents a major advancement by providing safe and optimized trajectories through efficient motion planning and repeated simulations, offering a clear improvement over traditional time-consuming and error-prone teach pendant methods.
Multiple-Indicator Filtering-Based Information Interaction Evaluation Method of Automatic Distribution Master Station for Grid Security
Authors: Li Peng , Shi Jinyuan , Zhao Ruifeng , Lu Jiangang , Wang Kailin , Guo Wenxin
Published: July 2024

Automatic distribution master stations (ADMSs) are software platforms that can be used to monitor energy supply and consumption of power demand-side resources as well as to guarantee grid security. They play a vital role in maintaining the optimal performance and stability of electrical power systems. However, the stability of ADMSs is usually determined by the performance of the information interaction, which includes various challenges and complexities. Therefore, an efficient multiple-indicator filtering-based information interaction evaluation method for the ADMS is proposed in this paper. The proposed method first utilizes the principal component analysis (PCA) to filter the indicators of the ADMS. Then, the data envelopment method and the analytic network process (ANP) are employed to remove the invalid indicators and to determine the indicator weights. In this regard, the secondary screening of the indicators is completed, the effective indicators are obtained, and the accuracy of the evaluation system is improved. Results of the simulation show that the proposed method works well when evaluating information interaction performance, and it offers satisfactory performance evaluation of ADMSs.
Development of a Methodology for Railway Bolster Beam Design Enhancement Using Topological Optimization and Manufacturing Constraints
Authors: Cascino Alessio , Meli Enrico , Rindi Andrea
Published: July 2024

Rolling stock manufacturers are finding innovative structural solutions to improve the quality and reliability of railway vehicle components. Structural optimization processes represent an effective strategy for reducing manufacturing costs, resulting in geometries that are easier to design and produce combined with innovative materials. In this framework, the present paper proposes the development of a design methodology to innovate a railway bolster beam using topological optimization techniques, assessing the effect of different manufacturing constraints oriented to the casting process. A comprehensive numerical testing campaign was conducted to establish an effective testing procedure. Two different designs were obtained and compared, statically and dynamically, evaluating the difference in terms of mass, mechanical performance and manufacturability. Reductions in stress values up to 70% were observed, along with an 8% increase in the first natural frequency of the component, leading to beneficial effects in terms of stiffness. The methodology shows encouraging results to streamline the design of complex casting components, moving to a new generation of structural railway components.
Heated Aeration for Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB) Control in Anammox-Integrated Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactors (MABR)
Authors: Shiu Natalia , Guo Hui , Kim Younggy
Published: July 2024

Nutrient removal in conventional wastewater treatment systems is expensive due to the high aeration costs. An alternative method for effective and sustainable nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment is anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) implemented with other innovative technologies, such as membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs). A major challenge associated with the Anammox process is effective control of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). High temperature operation in wastewater treatment systems can promote Anammox bacterial growth and inhibit NOB activity. This research aims to investigate the feasibility of integrating Anammox processes with a lab-scale MABR and to examine the effects of high temperature aeration supplied to MABR systems on Anammox bacterial growth and NOB suppression. Experimental results indicate that the membrane’s air permeability was a critical parameter for the successful operation of Anammox-integrated MABR systems due to its influence on the system’s dissolved oxygen concentration (0.41 ± 0.39 mg O2/L). The ammonia removal by AOB and Anammox bacteria was determined to be 7.53 mg N/L·d (76.5%) and 2.12 mg N/L·d (23.5%), respectively. High temperature aeration in MABRs with the Anammox process shows a promising potential for improving energy consumption and sustainable nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment systems.
Correlation between Breastfeeding, Maternal Body Mass Index, and Childhood Obesity
Authors: Palaska Ermioni , Antoniou Evangelia , Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou Maria , Eskitzis Panagiotis , Orovou Eirini
Published: July 2024

Breast milk is a unique and highly beneficial source of nutrition for infants. It contains a wide range of nutrients that are specifically tailored to meet the specific needs of a growing infant. On the other hand, obesity is a major health issue that affects people around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and child BMI and the role of maternal BMI, which may influence this relationship. This study revealed that a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of overweight children. Additionally, the research found that children born to overweight or obese women had a higher probability of being overweight or obese themselves. Considering that mothers with a higher pre-pregnancy body weight are more likely to have children with a higher BMI, it is important that they receive information about the advantages of breastfeeding for a minimum of 6 months for both themselves and their children. Additionally, they should be offered ongoing support, to encourage them to start breastfeeding and continue with it beyond this period.
Variation in Niche and Interspecific Associations across Elevations in Subtropical Forest Communities of the Wuyi Mountains, Southeastern China
Authors: Hu Jintao , Zheng Zhaoliang , Wen Xinyi , Hu Xisheng , Lin Yongming , Li Jian , Ni Jian , Wu Chengzhen
Published: July 2024

Elucidating changes in the structure and function of plant communities along different elevation ranges will help researchers to analyze the strategies plant communities use in environments and processes influencing niche differentiation. The aims of this paper are to reveal the underlying mechanisms and ecological processes governing the development of subtropical forest ecosystem plant communities. This paper analyzes the forest vegetation of the Wuyi Mountains across the following three elevation ranges: low elevation, mid elevation, and high elevation, spanning from 560 to 2150 m. Twenty and twenty-three dominant tree and shrub layer species, respectively, were identified based on their importance values, and their niches and species associations were further analyzed based on the elevation range. The results showed interspecific associations between tree and shrub species, with the strongest associations observed at mid-elevations. The analysis of niche width and overlap showed that the number of pairs of species with a higher degree of niche overlap decreased with increasing elevation, suggesting that resource use varied at different elevations for both tree and shrub layer species, which may be related to the adaptive capacity of plants at different elevations to the environment and resource use strategies. These findings should contribute to a deeper understanding of the ecological functioning and structural framework of plant communities on Wuyi Mountain.
Interactive Effects of Salinity and Hydrology on Radial Growth of Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) in Coastal Louisiana, USA
Authors: Day Richard H. , From Andrew S. , Johnson Darren J. , Krauss Ken W.
Published: July 2024

Tidal freshwater forests are usually located at or above the level of mean high water. Some Louisiana coastal forests are below mean high water, especially bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) forests because flooding has increased due to the combined effects of global sea level rise and local subsidence. In addition, constructed channels from the coast inland act as conduits for saltwater. As a result, saltwater intrusion affects the productivity of Louisiana’s coastal bald cypress forests. To study the long-term effects of hydrology and salinity on the health of these systems, we fitted dendrometer bands on selected trees to record basal area increment as a measure of growth in permanent forest productivity plots established within six bald cypress stands. Three stands were in freshwater sites with low salinity rooting zone groundwater (0.1–1.3 ppt), while the other three had higher salinity rooting zone groundwater (0.2–4.9 ppt). Water level was logged continuously, and salinity was measured monthly to quarterly on the surface and in groundwater wells. Higher groundwater salinity levels were related to decreased bald cypress radial growth, while higher freshwater flooding increased radial growth. With these data, coastal managers can model rates of bald cypress forest change as a function of salinity and flooding.
Spatial Pattern and Environmental Driving Factors of Treeline Elevations in Yulong Snow Mountain, China
Authors: Lin Chuan , Yang Lisha , Zhou Ruliang , Zhang Tianxiang , Han Yuling , Wang Yanxia
Published: July 2024

The southwestern region of China is a global biodiversity hotspot. Understanding the environmental mechanisms behind treeline formation in high-altitude areas is crucial for predicting ecosystem changes, such as the upward movement of the treeline due to climate warming and the disappearance of high-altitude rocky beach and shrub ecosystems. Globally, observations show that growing seasonal temperatures at treelines are typically 6–7 °C, but trees do not always reach the predicted elevations. Spatial heterogeneity exists in the deviation (Dtreeline) between actual treeline elevation and the thermal treeline; however, the main driving factors for Dtreeline in many areas remain unclear. This study uses Yulong Snow Mountain as an example, employing machine learning methods like Support Vector Machine (SVM) to precisely identify actual treeline elevation and Extreme Gradient Boosting Tree (XGBoost) to explore the main environmental factors driving the spatial heterogeneity of Dtreeline. Our research found that (1) more than half of the treelines deviated from the thermal treeline, with the average elevation of the thermal treeline (3924 ± 391 m) being about 56 m higher than the actual treeline (3863 ± 223 m); (2) Dtreeline has a complex relationship with environmental factors. In addition to being highly correlated with temperature, precipitation and wind speed also significantly influence the treeline in this region; and (3) the influence of individual variables such as precipitation and wind speed on the spatial variation of Dtreeline is limited, often nonlinear, and involves threshold effects. This knowledge is essential for developing comprehensive protection strategies for Yunnan’s high-altitude ecological systems in response to climate warming. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in understanding the changes in biological communities and the response of high-altitude areas to climate change.
Enhancing Antioxidant Bioaccessibility in Rosa rugosa through Lactobacillus plantarum Fermentation
Authors: Li Jiaru , Li Junxiang , Yang Hui , Ma Yuchan , Huo Zeqi , Wang Shutao , Lin Yang , Zhang Chunjiang
Published: July 2024

This study explores the biotransformation of phenolic compounds in Rosa rugosa through Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation, enhancing their bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity. We developed a sensitive and reproducible analytical method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS), enabling the analysis of 17 phenolic compounds from Rosa (R) and fermented Rosa (FR). Additionally, we conducted a density functional theory (DFT) study to correlate the structure of key phenolic compounds from R and FR with their antioxidant activity. Our findings revealed that both R and FR mitigate oxidative stress in tert-butyl-hydrogen peroxide (TBHP)-induced Caco-2 and HT-29 cells by elevating the activities of crucial antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GR). Furthermore, fermented Rosa significantly upregulated Nrf2, γ-GCS, HO-1, and NOQ-1 mRNA expression in TBHP-induced cells with Quantitative and real-time PCR technology, emphasizing its protective function primarily through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study is the first to demonstrate the link between the enhanced antioxidant potential in fermented Rosa and the biotransformation of its phenolic compounds. It paves the way for augmenting the antioxidant capacity of plant foods through Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation, offering a novel approach to reinforce their health benefits.
Effects of Eurotium cristatum Fermentation on Tartary Buckwheat Leaf Tea: Sensory Analysis, Volatile Compounds, Non-Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Jiang Liangzhen , Han Xiao , Wang Luo , Zheng Haonan , Ma Gen , Wang Xiao , Tang Yuanmou , Zheng Xiaoqin , Liu Changying , Wan Yan , Xiang Dabing
Published: July 2024

Background: Eurotium cristatum (E. cristatum) is the probiotic fungus in Fu-brick tea, with which fermentation brings a unique flavor and taste and health-promoting effects. Tartary buckwheat leaves are rich in functional active substances such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, yet are not effectively utilized. Methods: Tartary buckwheat leaves were processed into raw green tea first and subsequently fermented with E. cristatum to develop a novel fermented leaf tea. The tea quality was evaluated by the aspects of the sensory scores by E-tongue, the volatile compounds by HS-SPME-GC-MS, the non-volatile profile by biochemical and UPLC-MS/MS methods and the antioxidant activity by the colorimetric assay. Results: Fermented leaf tea displayed a golden yellow color, a unique “flower” aroma and a dark-tea taste, with an improved sensory acceptability. Fermentation raised the content of volatile heterocyclic and aromatic compounds, alkenes and other aromatic components, which produced a unique floral flavor. The proportion of sour, bitter and astringency accounting non-volatile compounds such as phenolic acids and amino acids decreased, while the proportion of umami and sweet accounting substances such as responsible amino acids increased. Fermented leaf tea displayed a relative stronger total antioxidant activity against ABTS. Conclusion: E. cristatum fermentation exerted positive effects on Tartary buckwheat leaf tea quality.
The Effect of Combustion Phase According to the Premixed Ethanol Ratio Based on the Same Total Lower Heating Value on the Formation and Oxidation of Exhaust Emissions in a Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Min Se-Hun , Suh Hyun-Kyu
Published: July 2024

A compression ignition engine generates power by using the auto-ignition characteristics of fuel injected into the cylinder. Although it has high fuel efficiency, it discharges a lot of exhaust emissions such as NOX and PM. Therefore, there is much ongoing research aiming to reduce the exhaust emissions by using the technologies applied in this regard, such as PCCI, HCCI, etc. However, these methods still discharge large exhaust emissions. The RCCI method, which combines the spark ignition method and compression ignition method, is attracting attention. So, in this work, the objective of this study is to numerically investigate the effect of combustion phase according to the premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total heating value in-cylinder by changing the initial air composition on the formation and oxidation of exhaust emissions in the RCCI engine. The heating value of the premixed ethanol ratio varied from 0% to 40% based on the same total lower heating value in-cylinder in steps of 10%. It was assumed that the ethanol introduced into the cylinder through the premixing chamber was evaporated, and the initial air composition in the cylinder was changed and set. It was revealed that when the premixed ratio based on the same total lower heating value was increased, the introduced fuel amount into the crevice volume with advancing the start of energizing timing was decreased, which increased the peak cylinder pressure. In addition, the ignition delay was also longer due to the low cylinder temperature by the evaporation latent heat of the ethanol, which reduced the compression loss, so the IMEP value was increased. The rich equivalence ratio had a narrow distribution in the cylinder, which caused a reduction in cylinder temperature, so the NO formation amount was reduced. The ISCO value increased the increase in premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total lower heating value in-cylinder because the flame propagation of ethanol by combustion of diesel did not work well, and the CO formed by combustion was slowly oxidized due to the cylinder’s low temperature as a result of the evaporation latent heat of ethanol. From these results, the optimal operating conditions for simultaneously reducing the exhaust emissions and improving the combustion performance were judged such that the start of energizing timing was BTDC 23 deg, and the premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total lower heating value in-cylinder was 40%.
Evaluating Soluble Solids in White Strawberries: A Comparative Analysis of Vis-NIR and NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Seki Hayato , Murakami Haruko , Ma Te , Tsuchikawa Satoru , Inagaki Tetsuya
Published: July 2024

In recent years, due to breeding improvements, strawberries with low anthocyanin content and a white rind are now available, and they are highly valued in the market. Strawberries with white skin color do not turn red when ripe, making it difficult to judge ripeness. The soluble solids content (SSC) is an indicator of fruit quality and is closely related to ripeness. In this study, visible–near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy are used for non-destructive evaluation of the SSC. Vis-NIR (500–978 nm) and NIR (908–1676 nm) data collected from 180 samples of “Tochigi iW1 go” white strawberries and 150 samples of “Tochigi i27 go” red strawberries are investigated. The white strawberry SSC model developed by partial least squares regression (PLSR) in Vis-NIR had a determination coefficient R2p of 0.89 and a root mean square error prediction (RMSEP) of 0.40%; the model developed in NIR showed satisfactory estimation accuracy with an R2p of 0.85 and an RMSEP of 0.43%. These estimation accuracies were comparable to the results of the red strawberry model. Absorption derived from anthocyanin and chlorophyll pigments in white strawberries was observed in the Vis-NIR region. In addition, a dataset consisting of red and white strawberries can be used to predict the pigment-independent SSC. These results contribute to the development of methods for a rapid fruit sorting system and the development of an on-site ripeness determination system.
Germination-Induced Enhancement of Brown Rice Noodle Nutritional Profile and Gut Microbiota Modulation
Authors: Chen Ruiyun , Zhang Huibin , Cai Jiamei , Cai Mingxi , Dai Taotao , Liu Yunfei , Wu Jianyong
Published: July 2024

This study explored how germination influences the starch digestion and intestinal fermentation characteristics of brown rice noodle. The study began with in vitro starch digestion tests to assess how germination affects starch digestibility in brown rice noodles, revealing an increase in rapidly digestible starch content and a decrease in resistant starch content. Subsequently, an in vitro human fecal fermentation model was used to simulate the human intestinal environment, showing that germination altered pH levels and the production of short-chain fatty acids, particularly by increasing propionate while decreasing acetate and butyrate. Additionally, the study noted a decrease in gut microbiota diversity following fermentation, accompanied by an increase in Megamonas growth and a decrease in Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, these findings suggest that germination could enhance the nutritional value and intestinal probiotic properties of brown rice noodles. This research contributes valuable insights into the role of germination in improving the nutritional properties of rice-based products and provides a foundation for further exploration into the development of health-promoting rice noodles.
Multifractal Analysis of 3D Correlated Nanoporous Networks
Authors: Carrizales-Velazquez Carlos , Felipe Carlos , Guzmán-Vargas Ariel , Lima Enrique , Guzmán-Vargas Lev
Published: July 2024

In this study, we utilize Monte Carlo methods and the Dual Site-Bond Model (DSBM) to simulate 3D nanoporous networks with various degrees of correlation. The construction procedure is robust, involving a random exchange of sites and bonds until the most probable configuration (equilibrium) is reached. The resulting networks demonstrate different levels of heterogeneity in the spatial organization of sites and bonds. We then embark on a comprehensive multifractal analysis of these networks, providing a thorough characterization of the effect of the exchanges of nanoporous elements and the correlation of pore sizes on the topology of the porous networks. Our findings present compelling evidence of changes in the multifractality of these nanoporous networks when they display different levels of correlation in the site and bond sizes.
Dual-Temperature/pH-Sensitive Hydrogels with Excellent Strength and Toughness Crosslinked Using Three Crosslinking Methods
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Yang Wanying , Li Yutong , Ma Xuerong , Xie Yuxin , Zhou Guangyan , Liu Shouxin
Published: July 2024

Hydrogels are widely used as excellent drug carriers in the field of biomedicine. However, their application in medicine is limited by their poor mechanical properties and softness. To improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels, a novel triple-network amphiphilic hydrogel with three overlapping crosslinking methods using a one-pot free-radical polymerization was synthesized in this study. Temperature-sensitive and pH-sensitive monomers were incorporated into the hydrogel to confer stimulus responsiveness, making the hydrogel stimuli-responsive. The successful synthesis of the hydrogel was confirmed using techniques, such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to compare and analyze the properties of physically crosslinked hydrogels, physically–chemically double-crosslinked hydrogels, and physically–chemically clicked triple-crosslinked hydrogels, various tests were conducted on the gels’ morphology, swelling behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and drug loading capacity. The results indicate that the triple-crosslinked hydrogel maintains low swelling, high mechanical strength, and good thermal stability while not significantly compromising its drug delivery capability.
Development of Clindamycin-Releasing Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel with Self-Healing Property for the Effective Treatment of Biofilm-Infected Wounds
Authors: Alifah Nur , Palungan Juliana , Ardayanti Kadek , Ullah Muneeb , Nurkhasanah Andi Nokhaidah , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Lallo Subehan , Agustina Rina , Yoo Jin-Wook , Hasan Nurhasni
Published: July 2024

Self-healing hydrogels have good mechanical strength, can endure greater external force, and have the ability to heal independently, resulting in a strong bond between the wound and the material. Bacterial biofilm infections are life-threatening. Clindamycin (Cly) can be produced in the form of a self-healing hydrogel preparation. It is noteworthy that the antibacterial self-healing hydrogels show great promise as a wound dressing for bacterial biofilm infection. In this study, we developed a polyvinyl alcohol/borax (PVA/B) self-healing hydrogel wound dressing that releases Cly. Four ratios of PVA, B, and Cly were used to make self-healing hydrogels: F1 (4%:0.8%:1%), F2 (4%:1.2%:1%), F3 (1.6%:1%), and F4 (4%:1.6%:0). The results showed that F4 had the best physicochemical properties, including a self-healing duration of 11.81 ± 0.34 min, swelling ratio of 85.99 ± 0.12%, pH value of 7.63 ± 0.32, and drug loading of 98.34 ± 11.47%. The B–O–C cross-linking between PVA and borax caused self-healing, according to FTIR spectra. The F4 formula had a more equal pore structure in the SEM image. The PVA/B-Cly self-healing hydrogel remained stable at 6 ± 2 °C for 28 days throughout the stability test. The Korsmeyer–Peppas model released Cly by Fickian diffusion. In biofilm-infected mouse wounds, PVA/B-Cly enhanced wound healing and re-epithelialization. Our results indicate that the PVA/B-Cly produced in this work has reliable physicochemical properties for biofilm-infected wound therapy.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes and Pathways Associated with Drought Tolerance of Early Stages in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)
Authors: Cheng Peng , Kong Fanna , Han Yang , Liu Xiaoping , Xia Jiaping
Published: July 2024

The yield of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] can be easily threatened by drought stress. Typically, early stages like the seedling stage and tuber-root expansion stage are more vulnerable to drought stress. In this study, a highly drought-tolerant sweet potato cultivar “WanSu 63” was subjected to drought stress at both the seedling stage (15 days after transplanting, 15 DAT) and the tuber-root expansion stage (45 DAT). Twenty-four cDNA libraries were constructed from leaf segments and root tissues at 15 and 45 DAT for Next-Generation Sequencing. A total of 663, 063, and 218 clean reads were obtained and then aligned to the reference genome with a total mapped ratio greater than 82.73%. A sum of 7119, 8811, 5463, and 930 differentially expressed genes were identified from leaves in 15 days (L15), roots in 15 days (R15), leaves in 45 days (L45), and roots in 45 days (R45), respectively, in drought stress versus control. It was found that genes encoding heat shock proteins, sporamin, LEA protein dehydrin, ABA signaling pathway protein gene NCED1, as well as a group of receptor-like protein kinases genes were enriched in differentially expressed genes. ABA content was significantly higher in drought-treated tissues than in the control. The sweet potato biomass declined sharply to nearly one-quarter after drought stress. In conclusion, this study is the first to identify the differentially expressed drought-responsive genes and signaling pathways in the leaves and roots of sweet potato at the seedling and root expansion stages. The results provide potential resources for drought resistance breeding of sweet potato.
Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Morphological Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Delen Yavuz , Palali-Delen Semra , Xu Gen , Neji Mohamed , Yang Jinliang , Dweikat Ismail
Published: July 2024

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most essential oil crops in the world. Several component traits, including flowering time, plant height, stem diameter, seed weight, and kernel weight, determine sunflower seed and oil yield. Although the genetic mechanisms governing the variation of these yield-related traits have been studied using various approaches, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not been widely applied to sunflowers. In this study, a set of 342 sunflower accessions was evaluated in 2019 and 2020 using an incomplete randomized block design, and GWAS was conducted utilizing two complementary approaches: the mixed linear model (MLM) and the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (farmCPU) model by fitting 226,779 high-quality SNPs. As a result, GWAS identified a number of trait-associated SNPs. Those SNPs were located close to several genes that may serve as a basis for further molecular characterization and provide promising targets for sunflower yield improvement.
Factors Affecting the Field Adaptation of Early-Stage Nurses in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Eunhee , Kim Miyeong , Lee Yunkyeong
Published: July 2024

Supporting early-stage nurses to adapt to the field and become proficient in nursing is important to improve the quality of patient care. This study aimed to determine the effects of the nursing work environment, nursing practice readiness, and optimism on the field adaptation of early-stage nurses. A descriptive survey was conducted among 209 early-stage nurses with ≤3 years of work experience at hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analysis with the SPSS Program. The participating nurses’ mean field adaptation score was 2.90 ± 0.40 (total score = 5) and a significant positive correlation was found between nursing work environment (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), nursing practice readiness (r = 0.41, p < 0.001), and optimism (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that the nursing work environment (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), nursing practice readiness (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), and turnover intention (β = 0.17, p = 0.001) significantly affect the field adaptation of early stage nurses; the explanatory power was 56.1% (F = 27.55, p < 0.001). The results suggest that to facilitate the field adaptation of early-stage nurses, the nursing work environment, job satisfaction, and nursing practice readiness should be improved. Improvement in the nursing work environment and the development of additional training for field adaptation would enhance the ability of early-stage nurses to adapt to the field and, consequently, improve the quality of nursing care.
The Evolution of Primate Litter Size
Authors: McBride Jack H. , Monson Tesla A.
Published: July 2024

Litter size plays an essential role in mammalian evolution and is one of the most important factors determining whether an organism is deemed to have a ‘slow’ or ‘fast’ life history strategy. Humans are distinct in being classified as having slow life history yet bearing singletons who have completed relatively less growth than other ape neonates. Previous work has proposed that the ancestral primate gave birth to singletons. However, primate litter size has not yet been contextualized within a broad phylogenetic assessment of mammalian life history. We performed a comprehensive investigation of primate litter size using life history data for 155 primate species, and litter size data for an additional 791 boreoeutherian mammals. Litter size and life history traits have strong phylogenetic signal in primates (Pagel’s lambda: 0.99, p < 0.001; Blomberg’s K: 0.6311. p < 0.001), and litter size is significantly negatively correlated with gestation length (p < 0.001). Our data support that the last common ancestors of both primates and Haplorhini gave birth to multiples (litter size 1.7 and 1.6, respectively). We also find that singleton-bearing pregnancies evolved convergently in multiple primate lineages, including tarsiers and other haplorhines. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of life history and litter size in mammals, and we emphasize the utility of a callitrichid model for investigating the evolution of human reproduction.
Frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Healthcare Workers in Germany: 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Stammkötter Christian , Thümmler Laura , Korth Johannes , Marenbach Beate , Braß Peer , Horn Peter A. , Lindemann Monika , Dittmer Ulf , Witzke Oliver , Rohn Hana , Krawczyk Adalbert
Published: July 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to a global pandemic with a significant impact on healthcare systems. Healthcare workers were particularly vulnerable due to frequent contact with COVID-19 patients. Despite vaccination, they remained at higher risk as the vaccines provided limited protection against infection with viral variants, like Delta or Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. Three years after the onset of the pandemic, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 infection frequencies among healthcare workers with varying levels of patient contact: high-risk (frequent COVID-19 patient contact), intermediate-risk (non-COVID-19 patient contact), and low-risk (no patient contact). We assessed their cellular and humoral immune responses based on their vaccination status and number of prior infections. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured by immunoglobulin ELISA, and neutralizing antibody titers were determined against the viral variants D614G, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. Cellular immune responses were analyzed using an interferon-γ ELISpot. Notably, three years into the pandemic, healthcare workers in daily contact with COVID-19 patients did not have higher infection rates compared to healthcare workers with non-COVID-19 patient contact or no patient contact. Immune responses were similar across all groups, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination and current hygiene standards in preventing virus transmission from patients to staff.
Primary Varicella Infection in a Young Adult from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Case Report and Mini-Review
Authors: McNaughton Andrew , Karsenti Nessika , Kwan Jason , Adawi Asal , Mansuri Saniya , Boggild Andrea K.
Published: July 2024

We describe a case of an immunocompetent adult male patient originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), who was referred to our unit for a several-day history of fever and a pruritic, vesicular rash. There was initial concern in the Emergency Department for Mpox (formerly known as “monkeypox”) given the current epidemiology versus other viral etiologies. Primary varicella zoster virus (pVZV) infection was ultimately diagnosed by PCR from a swabbed, unroofed lesion, and he recovered completely with supportive management and without antiviral therapy. We herein describe how common viral exanthems may best be differentiated in an emergency or outpatient setting.
Ergonomics, Health, and Perceptions about Remote Domestic Workposts: Study in Areas of City of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Silva Luiz Bueno , Beserra Melo Carmem Julianne , Lisboa de Souza Adriana Gomes , de Oliveira Lucas Guedes
Published: July 2024

Home office (HO) stands out as one of the most promising and popular forms of teleworking, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, many companies want to implement or maintain this working method, given its numerous advantages. However, there are adverse effects that are mainly related to physical and mental health. This article presents ergonomic analyses of HOs in neighborhoods considered heat islands. Temperature levels, extreme low-frequency non-ionizing radiation (ELF-NIR), illuminance, physical layout characteristics, and physiological parameters of teleworkers were measured. The results reveal that 92% of these professionals work 6 to 8 h daily with an ambient temperature between 25 and 30 °C, illumination levels in the range 11.20–290 Lux, and ELF-NIR > 0.4 µT. The majority of teleworkers are overweight (BMI > 24.9), and some of them have blood pressure higher than average values (129 mmHg for systolic and 84 mmHg for diastolic) in addition to a reduction in the number of red blood cells and hematocrits. Symptoms such as burning sensation, dryness, tired eyes, redness, itching, and photophobia (light sensitivity) show a 68.95% similarity. These HOs do not meet the required ergonomic and health standards.
Daylight and Electric Lighting in Primary and Secondary School Classrooms in the UK—An Observational Study
Authors: Price Luke L. A. , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret , Khazova Marina
Published: July 2024

Only a few recent studies report direct assessment or monitoring of light levels in the indoor learning environment, and no consensus exists on minimum exposures for children’s health. For instance, myopia is a common progressive condition, with genetic and environmental risk factors. Reduced daylight exposure, electric lighting changes, increased near-work for school children, greater academic focus, and use of display screens and white boards may have important detrimental influences. Published assessment methods had varied limitations, such as incomplete compliance from participants wearing light loggers for extended periods. Climate-Based Daylight Modelling is encouraged in UK school design, but design approaches are impractical for post-occupancy assessments of pre-existing classrooms or ad hoc modifications. In this study, we investigated the potential for direct assessment and monitoring of classroom daylight and lighting measurements. Combined with objective assessments of outdoor exposures and class time use, the classroom data could inform design and light exposure interventions to reduce the various health impacts of inadequate daylight exposure. The relevant environmental measure for myopia depends on the hypothesized mechanism, so the illuminance, spectral distribution, and temporal light modulation from the electric lighting was also assessed.
Women’s Empowerment and Associated Factors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Performance Monitoring Assessment Survey
Authors: Makongote Annick , Mbunga Branly , Akilimali Pierre , Castro Lopes Sofia , Mpunga Dieudonné
Published: July 2024

Empowering women and promoting gender equality is crucial for accelerating sustainable development in fragile countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, there is scarce existing knowledge or understanding of the factors determining women’s empowerment in these contexts. We aimed to assess women’s empowerment and determine its associated factors in Kinshasa, DRC. We analyzed data from the 2021 Performance Monitoring Assessment (PMA) survey. A sample of 1365 women of childbearing age was retained for this study. Twenty empowerment items related to household decision-making, contraception use, and husband/partner influence were considered. We calculated the average women’s empowerment index (aWEI), identified the women’s empowerment variables using principal component analysis (PCA), and determined the associated factors for the first three principal components through the performance of multivariate binary logistic regression. In Kinshasa, the overall aWEI was estimated at 0.65. It was low for household decision-making (0.34) and high for husband/partner influence domains (0.93). Three principal components were identified and named, including the absence of threats, control of sexuality, and participation in decision-making. The factors associated with these components were having internet access, being in free union with a partner, being aged 40–49 years, and residing in a non-slum area. Increasing access to information would enable women in Kinshasa to make strategic decisions about their lives, benefiting themselves and others.
Evaluating Food Procurement against the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet in a Sample of U.S. Universities
Authors: Bertoldo Jaclyn , Fammartino Abby , Egan Sophie , Neff Roni A. , Grekin Rebecca , Wolfson Julia A.
Published: July 2024

Aligning institutional food procurement with planetary health targets offers opportunities to improve nutrition and reduce food-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study compared foods procured by 19 university dining programs in the U.S. in 2022 with the EAT-Lancet planetary health diet. Each university’s procurement was then modeled to align with the EAT-Lancet planetary health diet, and changes to Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores and GHG emissions were evaluated. For a subset of universities that provided cost data, changes in annual total food costs were also estimated. Universities in this study exceeded EAT-Lancet planetary health targets for beef (x- = 657% of target), pork (x- = 587%), poultry (x- = 379%), and eggs (x- = 293%). All universities failed to achieve planetary health targets for legumes and nuts (x- = 39% of the target) and vegetables (x- = 68%). Aligning food procurement with the planetary health diet would result in an estimated average 46.1% reduction in GHG emissions and a 19.7 point increase in HEI scores. Universities that provided cost data saw an average 9.7% reduction in food costs in the EAT-Lancet-aligned scenario. The procurement metrics assessed in this study can help university dining programs and other institutional food service organizations set goals and monitor progress toward planetary health targets.