bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic transition hinders climate change mitigation in the aging and shrinking Japanese residential sector
Authors: Long Yin , Yoshida Yoshikuni , Chen Peipei , Wu Yi , Gasparatos Alexandros
Published: June 2022

The residential sector is one of the major sources of greenhouse gases, and as such it is key for achieving decarbonization targets. However, very diverse household characteristics affect energy use and emissions at the household level. Furthermore, demographic transitions characterized by ageing and shrinking in both total and household size can have enduring effects for some of these household characteristics at the societal level. Here, we explore how demographic transitions in Japan may affect the long-term emissions in the residential sector based on the scenarios to the year 2040. First, we draw from a large-scale survey conducted by the Japanese government (9,996 households) to develop a nuanced typology of households using an integrated clustering approach. This helps us identify high variability in emissions and adoption of emission mitigation technologies between households with different characteristics. We found that household size and age both play important role in terms of emissions. Finally, through different scenarios we identify that indeed the projected demographic transitions with the increasing prevalence of smaller and more elderly households in Japan will likely hinder emission mitigation in the residential sector, imposing significant constraints for achieving decarbonization in the long-term.
Fecal microbiome does not represent whole gut microbiome
Authors: Chung Hea-Jong , Lkhagva Enkhchimeg , Jung Sunjun , Kim Hyeon-Jin , Hong Seong-Tshool
Published: June 2022

The current gut microbiome research relies on the fecal microbiome under the assumption that the fecal microbiome represents the microbiome of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, there have been growing concerns about using feces as a proxy to study the gut microbiome. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the composition of microbiome and metabolites in the feces and at 14 different locations of GI tracts of genetically homogenous sibling pigs to evaluate the validity of using feces as a proxy to the whole gut microbiome. The fluctuation in the composition of the microbiome in stomach and the small intestine became stabilized from the large intestine to feces and were able to be categorized into 3 groups. The highly independent intestinal microbes in stomach and the small intestine became flourished in the large intestine and converged into a community with tightly connected networks. Comparative analysis of the gut microbiome at each location suggested that fecal microbiome is insufficient to represent the whole gut microbiome.
Alternaria gansuense, a plant systematic fungal pathogen producing Swainsonine in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Shi Min , Li Yanzhong
Published: June 2022

Astragalus adsurgens grows wildly in Eurasia and North America. The plant is considered a locoweed in the United States of America (USA) and Australia, and as forage in China. However, Alternaria gansuense (synonym: Embellisia astragali) systematically infects A. adsurgens, producing swainsonine(SW), which poisons domesticated animals with severe effects on the body weights, abdominal organs and blood enzymes of rats. We speculated that the A. gansuense SW-producing fungus could be morphologically and molecularly related to the locoweed endophyte, Alternaria oxytropis, which systematically grows in host plants. Therefore, pure cultures of the fungi from diseased plants or endophytic interaction collected from fields were assayed for SW using high-performance liquid chromatography linked to mass spectroscopy(HPLC-MS). The presence of SW was also detected in the A. adsurgens, A. oxytropis and diseased plants using β-ketoacyl synthase(KS) gene required for the SW synthesis. The contents of SW in mycelia of A. gansuense were 561.61 µg/g and ranged between 73.93 and 89.11 µg/g in diseased A. adsurgens plants. The contents of SW were 703.99 µg/g in mycelia of A. oxytropis isolated from locoweed plants O. ochrocephala and between 74.36 and 101.13 µg/g in O. ochrocephala with endophytes. However, the concentrations of SW found in healthy A. adsurgens plants were low and ranged from 7.75–18.62 µg/g, with a slight increase (15.55–32.37 µg/g) in those found in O. ochrocephala without endophytes. This study proves that A. adsurgens infected with A. gansuense are not safe for livestock and points to the need for caution when using the plants as feed.
Mapping prion pathology in mice using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Demetriou Eleni , Tachrount Mohamed , Ellis Matthew , Linehan Jackeline , Brandner Sebastian , Collinge John , Mead Simon , Shmueli Karin , Farrow Mark , Golay Xavier
Published: June 2022

Prion diseases are a group of rare progressive neurodegenerative disorders which cause cognitive impairment and neurological deficits. Additional measures of tissue status are necessary for improving the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis as in many cases clinical forms of prion disease are commonly mistaken for other forms of dementia. To that effect, we developed a set of quantitative magnetic resonance-based tools, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and quantitative T1 and T2 imaging to study the course of the disease in an animal model of prion disease. Using in vivo MTR, significant changes were detected in the cortex and thalamus of late-stage prion-infected mice as compared to littermates. In addition, we found a significant increase of MTR in thalamus and cortex of 80 dpi healthy mice when compared with 160 dpi healthy mice, suggestive of changes occurring during brain ageing. Using quantitative T2 mapping, significantly higher values were measured in thalamus of prion mice at all stages of the disease (T2 = 40ms) while T1 was found to be significantly higher in cortex (T1 = 1.89s) and hippocampus, albeit only in late-stage prion mice as compared to aged-matched controls (T1 = 1.67s). Using quantitative MRS significant changes were detected in glutamate (Glu) and myo-inositol (Ins) at all stages of prion disease when compared with the control group. NAA, Cr, Lactate and Lipids were only found to be significantly different at early and late stages of the disease while Taurine (Tau) was only significantly increased in the asymptomatic stage without any significant change at early and late stages of the disease. These changes in MRI and MRS signals, which precede clinical signs of disease, could provide insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and may enable early detection of pathology.
Effectiveness of Time-limited Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Therapy for Parents of Children with a Rare Life-Limiting Illness: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Conijn Thirsa , de Roos Carlijn , Vreugdenhil Hestien , Dijk-Lokkart Alice van , Wijburg Frits A , Haverman Lotte
Published: June 2022

Background: Parents of children with a rare progressive life-limiting illness are at risk for parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies on the treatment of parental PTSD with eye movement and desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in pediatric practice are lacking. Therefore this study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of time-limited EMDR therapy in reducing PTSD symptoms, comorbid psychological symptoms, distress, and parental stress.Methods: Mono-center randomized clinical trial conducted between February 2020 and April 2021. Fourteen parents (N=7 mothers, N=7 fathers) of mucopolysaccharidosis type III patients reporting PTSD symptoms on a (sub)clinical level were assigned to EMDR or a wait-list control condition followed by EMDR. Four sessions of EMDR (each 90 minutes) divided over two half-days were offered. Measurements were conducted at baseline, post-treatment/post-waitlist, and 3-months post-treatment. The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Check List for DSM-5). Secondary outcomes included comorbid psychological symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory), distress (Distress Thermometer for Parents) and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Questionnaire). Between-group comparisons pre-to-post treatment (N=7 EMDR vs. N=7 wait-list) and within-group comparisons (EMDR, N=14) from pre-to-post treatment and from pre-treatment to 3-months follow-up were carried out per intent-to-treat linear mixed model analyses. Results: Compared to wait-list, EMDR resulted in a significant reduction on total PTSD symptom severity (d=1.78) and on comorbid psychological symptoms, distress and parenting stress (d=.63-1.83). Within-group comparisons showed a significant effect on all outcomes at post-treatment (d=1.04-2.21) and at 3-months follow-up (d=.96-2.30) compared to baseline. EMDR was well-tolerated, associated with a low drop-out rate, a high therapy adherence and no adverse events. Conclusion: Time-limited EMDR reduces PTSD symptoms, psychological comorbidity, distress and parenting stress in parents of children with a rare progressive life-limiting illness. This treatment was feasible for these overburdened parents. Recurrent monitoring of PTSD symptoms, and, if needed, offering this time-limited type of trauma treatment should be introduced in everyday pediatric practice. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register, NL8496. Registered 01-04-2022, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8496
Teaching Clinical Reasoning Among Undergraduate Medical Students: a Crossover Randomised Trial
Authors: mlika mona , dziri chadli , jallouli manel , cheikhrouhou sarra , mezni faouzi
Published: June 2022

Background: clinical reasoning is a mandatory competency in medical curriculum. Many techniques have been reported in order to teach it. The authors focused on 2 student-centered techniques, SNAPPS and collaborative critical reasoning learning (CCRL) technique, and compared their efficiency in order to improve the clinical reasoning competencies of third year medical education students.Methods: the authors performed a prospective randomised, controlled, non blinded crossover trial including year-3 undergraduate medical students. Judgement criteria consisted in the scores attributed to a structured summary performed by the students after each session. Besides, a satisfaction likert-scale questionnaire was fulfilled by the students. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 20.0).Results: 72 students were included with a mean age of 21 years. The mean scores of CCRL reached 4.62 versus 4.99 for SNAPPS. No significant statistical difference was observed between the mean scores according to the method used. The analysis of the satisfaction questionnaire revealed that 75% of the students preferred the CCRL because of the collaborative work performed.Conclusion: this study highlights the need for varying techniques in order to improve critical reasoning skills of medical students. Besides, it pointed out the preference of students for collaborative techniques illustrating socio-constructivist theories of learning.
Safety and Efficacy of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval: A 5-year Single Center Retrospective Review from A Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Schuchardt Philip , Kis Lilla , Goloubev Alexey , Keshishian Edward , Mhaskar Rahul , Hoots Glenn , Davis Cliff , Massis Kamal , Shaikh Jamil
Published: June 2022

Background: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter retrieval is typically accomplished with a standard loop snare. When this fails, more advanced techniques are necessary, especially when removal falls outside a 12-month window. Complications during filter retrieval depend heavily on technique, type of filter, and filter position. In this study we examined safety and efficacy of 536 filter retrievals at a tertiary care center and compared complication rates between standard loop snare and endobronchial forcep retrieval. Method: We reviewed 536 cases between August 2015 and August 2020, recording retrieval success rates, patient comorbidities, and complication rates at the time of removal. Results: Total overall retrieval success was 97.9% (525/536), and complications occurred in approximately 6.0% (32/536) of all cases. Success and complications with standard snare technique alone were 99.4% (345/347) and 1.7% (5 Grade I/II, 1 Grade III) and advanced forcep technique 98.8% (171/173) and 14.5% (22 Grade I/II, 2 Grade III, and 1 Grade IV), respectively. There was no significant difference between the technical success rates of the isolated loop snare and forceps techniques (p=0.60) despite a significantly longer dwell time in patients undergoing forceps retrieval ( p<0.001). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of forceps directed IVC filter retrieval present in the literature. Successful endobronchial forceps and loop-snare retrieval rates in this study are similar to previous reports. Although use of endobronchial forceps may be associated with higher complication rates, this is likely due to prolonged dwell times, filter tilt, and attempted removal of non retrievable filters. Overall, forceps-directed retrieval offers a safe, effective means of removal in difficult cases. Level of Evidence: Level 3, Large Retrospective Study
Hydrochemical analysis and identification of karst water source and runoff process in the densely developed area of active faults and glacial lakes in the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau- a case study of Batang section of the Jinsha River Basin
Authors: Ma Jianfei , Li Xiangquan , Zhang Chunchao , Fu Changchang , Wang Zhenxing , Bai Zhanxue
Published: June 2022

Karst groundwater in the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau plays an important role in water supply and sustaining biodiversity and ecosystems. However, owing to the region’s complex stratigraphic structure, high tectonic activity and changeable climate, karst groundwater circulation processes are significantly more complex than elsewhere, which poses challenges to the protection of water resources and ecology. In this study, the recharge sources and flow processes of karst groundwater in the Batang section of the Jinsha River basin, which has a high density of active faults and glacial lakes, are identified by means of satellite remote sensing, hydrochemical and stable isotope analysis, and flow measurements. The results show that active faults control the distribution of glacial lakes, the recharge, runoff and discharge of karst groundwater. Glacial lakes have the function of store and regulate downstream water resources. In particular, they continuously recharge the karst system via faults, fractures, and karst conduits, thereby maintaining the relative stability of karst spring flows. Two main runoff conduits of karst water are distinguished by method of hierarchical cluster analysis, which are along Dingqu Fault and Eastern Zhairulong Fault. The elevation difference between the recharge and discharge areas of the three high flow karst spring groups is > 1000 m. The groundwater runoff is fast and the residence time in the aquifer is short. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite mainly occurs during transit though the groundwater system, and cation exchange is weak. Therefore, karst springs are predominantly of HCO3-Ca·Mg-type. To protect regional karst water resources and ecology, the monitoring and protection of glacial lakes should be strengthened.
Contribution to the drosophilid flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) of Sakartvelo (Georgia) with the new records for the country
Authors: Murvanidze Maka , Deutsch Ferenc , Inasaridze Nino , Japoshvili George
Published: June 2022

Four genera and 12 species of drosophilid flies have been recorded during our survey provided in five regions of Georgia. Two genera: Amiota (Loew, 1862) and Gitona Meigen, 1830, and four species: A. subtusradiata Duda, Drosophila busckii Coquillett, D. kuntzei Duda, 1924 and G. distigma Meigen, 1830 are new records for fauna of Sakartvelo (Georgia).
Implementing a General Practitioner-to-General Physician eConsult service (eConsultant) in Australia
Authors: Job Jennifer , Nicholson Caroline , Calleja Zoe , Jackson Claire , Donald Maria
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn response to lengthy wait times for specialist outpatient appointments, electronic consultation (eConsult) services have developed globally, providing asynchronous, secure and timely communication between general practitioner (GP) and specialist. This study aims to assess implementation of a Queensland eConsultant service in two Australian Primary Health Networks (Western Queensland and Brisbane South) to understand key barriers and enablers to adoption prior to broader implementation.MethodsOur theory-informed mixed-methods evaluation assessed implementation between July 2020 and March 2022. Adoption and implementation activities were prospectively recorded in bespoke tracking spreadsheets with implementation activities coded against the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) strategies. Semi-structured interviews with GPs and stakeholders informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were conducted to understand determinants of implementation. ResultsOf the 40 practices invited to take part in the eConsultant service, 20 (50%) enrolled. Of the 82 GPs who consented, 37 sent at least one Request for Advice (RFA) to the eConsultant with a total of 112 RFA sent. Implementation was predominantly guided by eight strategies. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 GPs and 4 stakeholders (12 from rural/remote regions, 11 females and two sole practitioners). Interviewees felt the eConsultant service supported outpatient appointment avoidance and provided efficient, timely access to specialist support for GPs and their patients. Barriers identified to using eConsultant related to digital infrastructure, competing priorities, and keeping the service ‘front of mind’. Key enablers identified were the relative advantage of eConsultant over other options, patient benefits and COVD-19 facilitating the use of digital technology.ConclusionsThis evaluation highlighted service enablers as well as user priorities for broader implementation. A focus on a well-integrated digital system and availability of a variety of eConsultant specialties are seen as key strategies to embedding the eConsultant option in GP advice processes in Australia.
Optimal internal reference genes for statin-based cancer research
Authors: Irie Nanami , Warita Katsuhiko , Zhou Yaxuan , Tashiro Jiro , Oltvai Zoltán N. , Warita Tomoko
Published: June 2022

Statins have recently been reported to have anticancer effects and can be used as anticancer agents via drug repositioning. In reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the internal reference gene itself must not be affected by any experimental conditions. Since statins are considered to have a wide range of effects on cells via inhibition of the mevalonate pathway, there is a high possibility that statins might vary the expression of internal reference genes, thereby misleading the obtained gene expression data. The present study evaluates the expression stability of the internal reference genes. Statin-sensitive cancer cells (lung cancer-derived HOP-92, prostate cancer-derived PC-3, and melanoma-derived SK-MEL-5 and MDA-MB-435) and statin-resistant cancer cells (lung cancer-derived NCI-H322M and prostate cancer-derived DU-145) were used for the analysis. Atorvastatin was administered at seven different concentrations (0–30 µM). RT-qPCR was performed for the 15 internal reference genes, and then five algorithms were used to evaluate the stability of internal reference genes. Both statin-sensitive and statin-resistant cancer cells showed that atorvastatin affected certain internal reference genes in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of statins on internal reference genes is dependent on the cancer cell type, suggesting that caution should be exercised when comparing expression between cells.
Core Outcome Measures for Clinical Effectiveness Trials of Nutritional and Metabolic Interventions in Critical Illness: An International Modified Delphi Consensus Study Evaluation (CONCISE)
Authors: Davies Thomas , Gassel Rob van , de Poll Marcel van , Gunst Jan , Casaer Michael , Christopher Kenneth , Preiser Jean Charles , Hill Aileen , Gundogan Kursat , Reintam-Blaser Annika , Rousseau Anne-Françoise , Hodgson Carol , Needham Dale , Castro Melina , Schaller Stefan , McClelland Thomas , Pilkington Joshua , Sevin Carla , Wischmeyer Paul , Lee Zheng Yii , Govil Deepak , Li Andrew , Chapple Lee-anne , Denehy Linda , Montejo-González Juan Carlos , Taylor Beth , Bear Danielle , Pearse Rupert , McNelly Angela , Prowle John , Puthucheary Zudin
Published: June 2022

Background: Clinical research on nutritional and metabolic interventions in critically ill patients is heterogenous regarding time points, outcomes and measurement instruments used, impeding intervention development and data syntheses, and ultimately worsening clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify and develop a set of core outcome domains and associated measurement instruments to include in all research in critically ill patients.Methods: An updated systematic review informed a two-stage modified Delphi consensus process (domains followed by instruments). Measurement instruments for domains considered “essential” were taken through the second stage of the Delphi and a subsequent consensus meeting.Results: 213 participants (41 patients/caregivers, 50 clinical researchers, 122 healthcare professionals) from 24 countries contributed. Consensus was reached on time points (30 and 90 days post randomisation). Three domains were considered “essential” at 30 days (Survival, Physical function and Infection) and five at 90 days (Survival, Physical function, Activities of daily living, Nutritional status and Muscle/nerve function). Core “essential” measurement instruments reached consensus for Survival and Activities of daily living, and “recommended” measurement instruments for Physical function, Nutritional status, and Muscle/nerve function. No consensus was reached for a measurement instrument for Infection. Four further domains met criteria for “recommended”, but not “essential”, to measure at 30 days post randomisation (Organ dysfunction, Muscle/nerve function, Nutritional status, and Wound healing) and three at 90 days (Frailty, Body composition and Organ dysfunction). Conclusion: The CONCISE core outcome set is an internationally agreed minimum set of outcomes for use at 30 and 90 days post randomisation, in nutritional and metabolic clinical research in critically ill adults.
Malaria Spatio-Temporal Patterns in Busia and Tororo Districts, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Chemutai Faith , Ondijo Calvince Ochieng , Kisakye Joseph , Kabbale Fredrick , Egeru Anthony
Published: June 2022

Malaria burden remains one of the major public health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda inclusive. Uganda has the 3rd highest global disease cases estimated to be 225 million and the 8th highest level of deaths equivalent to 781,000 per year. Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda, accounting for 30-50% of outpatient visits at health facilities, 15-20% of all hospital admissions, and up to 20% of all hospital deaths with at least 27.2% of inpatient deaths among children under five years of age. Widely recommended Plasmodium vector control approaches include utilization of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays which are insecticide-based. This study assessed a nine-year period malaria cases data (2012-2020) obtained from the health management database to depict malaria spatial and temporal patterns in Busia and Tororo districts pre and post-vector control interventions. The routine malaria surveillance data reported passively through public and high-volume private health facilities were entered and manipulated into MS Excel. This was done separately for each of the 9 years. Considering the malaria cases registered on annual basis, Mann- Kendal test revealed a drastic decline of malaria cases over the nine-year period (2012 -2020) in Tororo district with Sen’s slope of -22, while for Busia district it revealed an increase of malaria cases (Sen’s slope +28). Equally, these trends reveal varied spatial patterns over the two districts. Both Busia and Tororo revealed a high prevalence of malaria between May-November in respect to bimodal rainfall pattern, matching with the perennial transmission setting of Uganda. This study has shown that, for further epidemiological characterization, vector behavior, biology and physiology need consistent monitoring and surveillance while implementing new vector control interventions targeting outdoor biting Plasmodium vectors.
Impact of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Ketterl Tyler , Chow Eric , Baker K. Scott , Ballard Sheri , Goodman Pam , Moran Antoinette , Steinberger Juliia , Leisenring Wendy , Dengel Donald , Sinaiko Alan , Koves Ildiko
Published: June 2022

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) contributes to the increased risk of non-relapse late mortality after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). HCT survivors have a higher risk for insulin resistance and adverse CVD risk factors but the impact of exposure to HCT preparative conditioning regimens has not been clearly delineated. We enrolled 151 HCT recipients (26.4 ±0.9 years; time since HCT of 2.6-31.5 years) and 92 sibling controls to complete a cardiovascular risk assessment including insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, anthropometry, body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and serum biomarkers. We used linear models to test for mean differences in all continuous outcomes between survivors and siblings, accounting for intra-family correlations with generalized estimating equations. Recipients of HCT were found to have lower insulin sensitivity and more likely to have adverse CVD risk factors in comparison to their healthy siblings. Significantly higher percent fat mass and visceral adipose tissue, and significantly lower lean body mass were noted in HCT recipients than sibling controls despite having a similar body mass index between the two groups. Total body irradiation in the conditioning regimen was one of the strongest factors associated with lower insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and abnormal body composition leading to sarcopenic obesity.
Aetiology and outcome of paediatric acute liver failure in Asian children
Authors: Ng Ruey Terng , Chew Kee Seang , Choong Chee Liang , Song Zhi Liang , Teh Jane Kimm Lii , Koay Zhong Ling , Wong Shin Yee , Kam Choy Chen , Ranai Norashikin Mohd , Lee Way Seah
Published: June 2022

Objective: Outcome of paediatric acute liver failure (PALF) in countries with limited availability of LT is not well described. We evaluated the outcome and prognostic indicators of PALF in Malaysia where emergency LT for ALF is limited.Methods: In this retrospective review on children <18 years with PALF, we compared clinical and laboratory parameters between survival after supportive treatment and after LT or succumbed without LT. The predictive values of Liver Injury Unit (LIU; peak laboratory values for international normalized ratio [INR], ammonia, total bilirubin) and upon admission (aLIU) on outcome of PALF were evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Of 77 children (39 males [51%]; median age 2.8 years) with PALF, the overall survival was 55% (n=42); 52% (n=40) survived with supportive management, 2.6% (n=2) after LT. As compared to children who survived without LT, children who had LT/died had lower haemoglobin, aspartate transferase, g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and higher serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ammonia, and serum sodium (p <0.05). On multivariate analysis, significant independent predictor for death or LT were peak bilirubin >452 mmol/L and peak GGT <96 IU/L. The C-index of LIU and aLIU score were 0.79 and 0.68, respectively, indicating that LIU score was a good model in predicting outcome of PALF.Conclusions: Overall survival of PALF remained poor. High peak bilirubin and low GGT predict poor outcome of PALF. LIU score is a good model in predicting outcome of PALF and maybe useful in selecting children for emergency LT.
Evaluation of coal seam floor water bursting in multi aquifer situation: case study in the Gequan coal mine, China
Authors: Lv Situ , Zeng Yifan , Zhang Longqiang , Zhao Haonan
Published: June 2022

In order to ensure the safe production of Gequan coal mine, it is important to carry out a water bursting evaluation of the coal seam floor. This study selects vulnerability index method based on AHP as the evaluation method. Based on the analysis of the geological data in study area, water pressure, measured specific yield, equivalent thickness of effective aquiclude, brittle rock thickness under mining pressure damage zone, distribution of faults, distribution of collapse column, distribution of endpoints and intersection of fault and fault-scale index are taken as the evaluation index. As there are two aquifers in the lower part of the coal seam that are a threat to mining, the author evaluated Benxi limestone aquifer and Ordovician limestone aquifer separately, the reliability of the results was verified by comparing the results obtained with the water bursting point and some of the boreholes. The results of the evaluation provide guidance on the safe production of coal mines.
Cultivation practices can decrease genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs
Authors: Diaz-Martin Zoe , De Vitis Marcello , Havens Kayri , Kramer Andrea , Mackechnie Linda , Fant Jeremie
Published: June 2022

Agricultural production practices can decrease genetic diversity in managed plant species meant for conservation programs. In this study we exposed seeds of three Viola species to different dormancy breaking conditions and show how prioritizing rapid germination likely imposes artificial selection, leading to selective sweeps and a genetic bottleneck that limits genetic diversity in all species. The ongoing use of typical horticultural production practices to propagate plant material may jeopardize the adaptive potential and long-term persistence of reintroduced populations.
Comparison of short-term and medium-term outcomes between intracorporeal anastomosis and extracorporeal anastomosis for laparoscopic left hemicolectomy
Authors: Wang Li-Ming , Jong Bor-Kang , Liao Chun-Kai , Kou Ya-Ting , Chern Yih-Jong , Hsu Yu-Jen , Hsieh Pao-Shiu , Tsai Wen-Sy , You Jeng-Fu
Published: June 2022

Background:Few studies have investigated the feasibility and safety of intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) for left hemicolectomy. This study aimed to investigate the potential advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic left hemicolectomy with IA and compare the short- and medium-term outcomes between IA and extracorporeal anastomosis (EA).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 133 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomies from July 2016 to September 2019 and categorized them into the IA and EA groups. Short- and medium-term outcomes were compared.Results:The IA group had a shorter hospital stay, a shorter time to tolerate a liquid or soft diet, and higher serum C-reactive protein levels on postoperative day 3. There was no difference between both groups in operative time, postoperative pain, specimen length, or nearest margin. In addition, there were comparable 2-year overall survival (95.0% and 93.5%, p=0.747) and disease-free survival (97.5% and 90.9%, p=0.182) between both groups. Conclusions:Laparoscopic left colectomy with IA is technically feasible, with better short-term outcomes, including shorter hospital stays and faster tolerance to a liquid or soft diet. Higher postoperative serum C-reactive protein levels were observed in the IA group; however, no complications were observed. The medium-term outcomes were comparable to the overall survival and disease-free survival between IA and EA procedures.
Topographic ruggedness indices in ecology: past, present and future
Authors: Dilts Thomas E. , Blum Marcus E. , Shoemaker Kevin T. , Weisberg Peter J. , Stewart Kelley M.
Published: June 2022

Context:
Topographic ruggedness has been examined in thousands of ecological studies and is a popular variable for characterizing habitat selection. Despite widespread adoption, ruggedness metrics are often applied uncritically and require systematic and thorough testing using both artificial landscapes and real-world applications.
Objectives
In this paper we introduce a technique that removes the correlation of topographic ruggedness with curvature in order to more accurately represent fine-scale surface ruggedness.
Methods
We test our modified version of several ruggedness metrics against traditional ruggedness metrics using three ideal ruggedness criteria in artificial landscapes. We further tested our modified ruggedness measures using 449 real mountain ranges in Nevada, USA. Using desert bighorn sheep as a case study, we tested both modified and uncorrected ruggedness measures and slope in a multiscale context in order to examine habitat selection by female bighorn sheep.
Results
The modified versions of the metrics passed all three criteria of the ideal ruggedness test and was able to accurately capture surface ruggedness. Modified versions of ruggedness differed from uncorrected versions by containing fewer highly rugged cells along ridgelines and drainages. Habitat relationships of desert bighorn sheep with ruggedness were scale-dependent, such that female sheep selected for steep slopes at fine spatial scales and ruggedness at moderate spatial scales.
Conclusions
We demonstrate that there are three components to ruggedness: elevation variation, aspect diversity, and surface ruggedness representing first, second, and third generation ruggedness indices. Our technique for removing underlying topographic variation provides an improved mapping of surface ruggedness and augments the other two generations of ruggedness metrics.
Ocular Symptoms In COVID-19 Infection: A Survey Study
Authors: McHarg Matthew , Wang Yujuan , Yakin Mehmet , Zeleny Alex , Caplash Sonny , Sen Hatice Nida , Kodati Shilpa
Published: June 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) systemic symptoms and sequelae have been studied extensively, but less is known about the characterization, duration, and long-term sequelae of ocular symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency, spectrum, and duration of ocular symptoms in participants with COVID-19 infection treated in inpatient and outpatient settings.Methods: A retrospective electronic survey was distributed to NIH employees and the public who reported testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. The anonymous survey collected information on demographics, past ocular history, systemic COVID-19 symptoms, and ocular symptoms. Results: A total of 229 (21.9% male and 78.1% female, mean age 42.5 ±13.9) survey responses were included. Ocular symptoms were reported by 165 participants with a mean of 2.31±2.42 symptoms. The most commonly reported ocular symptoms were light sensitivity (31.0%), itchy eyes (24.9%), tearing (24.9%), eye redness (24.5%), and eye pain (24.5%). Participants with ocular symptoms had a higher number of systemic symptoms compared to participants without ocular symptoms (mean 9.17 ± 4.19 vs 6.22 ± 3.63; OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11 – 1.32; p<0.001). Ocular symptoms were more common in those who reported a past ocular history compared to those who did not (81.8% vs 67.1%; OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.08 – 4.37; p=0.03). Additionally, the onset of ocular symptoms occurred most frequently at the same time as systemic symptoms (47.5%), and 12.6% reported symptoms lasting ≥14 days. Conclusions: Ocular surface-related symptoms are the most frequent ocular manifestations, and systemic disease severity is associated with the presence of ocular symptoms. Additionally, our results show that ocular symptoms can persist post-COVID-19 infection. Further work is needed to better understand ocular symptoms in COVID-19 and long-term sequelae.
A bioinformatics analysis: ZFHX4 promotes metastasis in ovarian cancer by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and remodeling extracellular matrix
Authors: Zong Shuai , Xu Ping-ping , Xu Yin-hai , Guo Yi
Published: June 2022

Background
Ovarian cancer is a highly malignant gynecological tumor with high mortality worldwide. The poor prognosis mainly results from extensive metastasis at the time of presentation. Although some mechanisms of metastasis in ovarian cancer were proposed, few have been used in the clinical practice. In the study, we aimed to identify novel genes and pathways contributing to metastatic ovarian cancer from bioinformatics databases, thus providing more potential candidates for clinical applications.
Methods
Studies collecting matched primary tumors and metastatic lesions from ovarian cancer patients were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between groups were screened by software R language. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for the DEGs were implemented by using online software Metascape. Venn diagram was plotted to present overlapping DEGs. The associations between the overlapping DEGs and prognosis were tested by Cox proportional hazard regression model using a cohort from the TCGA database. Genes affecting patients’ outcome significantly were served as hub genes. The mechanisms of the hub genes in promoting ovarian cancer metastasis were predicted using samples from TCGA database by R software.
Results
Two gene expression profiles (GSE30587 and GSE73168) met the inclusion criteria and were finally analyzed. A total of 362 genes were significantly differentially expressed in GSE30587, whereas 653 genes were in GSE73168. In GSE30587, DEGs were mainly involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization; For GSE73168, most of DEGs showed ion trans-membrane transport activity. Both of the DEG sets were related to system development. There were 8 overlapping genes between the two datasets (DCN, SVEP1, MS4A6A, FABP4, APBB1IP, VCAM1 and ZFHX4), and ZFHX4 was proved to be an independent adverse prognostic factor for ovarian cancer patients (HR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.11–1.75, p = 0.004). Mechanistically, ZFHX4 was positively significantly correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (r = 0.54, p = 2.59×10− 29) and ECM-related genes (r = 0.52, p = 2.86×10− 27).
Conclusions
ZFHX4 could promote metastasis in ovarian cancer by regulating EMT and reprogramming matrisome, which rendered ZFHX4 as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer metastasis.
Feasibility, Indications and Prognostic Significance of Selective Dissection after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Middle/Low Rectal Cancer with Clinical Suspected Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Involvement: Results of the Multicenter Lateral Node Study in China
Authors: Zhou Sicheng , Zhang Hong , Liang Jianwei , Fu Wei , Lou Zheng , Feng Bo , Yang Chiying , Xie Zhongshi , Liu Qian
Published: June 2022

Background: It is believed that selective lateral lymph node (LPN) dissection (LPND) with total mesorectal excision after preoperative chemoradiotherapy can reduce lateral compartment recurrence and improve survival in rectal cancer patients with LPN metastases. We evaluated the feasibility, optimal indications, and prognosis of LPND after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study which included patients with rectal cancer and clinical evidence of LPN metastases (n = 466) treated across three hospitals in China. The patients who underwent the combined procedure were categorized into chemoradiotherapy (n = 155) and non-chemoradiotherapy (n = 291) groups.Results: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy significantly prolonged surgical duration (300.7 vs. 277.4 min, P <0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a post-chemoradiotherapy LPN short-axis diameter ≥7 mm and poor/mucinous/signet adenocarcinoma were independent risk factors for pathological LPN metastasis after chemoradiotherapy. Overall survival (P <0.001) and disease-free survival (P <0.001) were significantly worse in patients with LPN, which was however not an independent risk factor for survival after eliminating confounders. Multivariate prognostic analysis conducted in a subset of 40 patients with pathological LPN metastasis showed that distant metastasis, metastasis beyond the obturator or internal iliac region, and more than one LPN metastasis were independent predictor of poor overall survival.Conclusions: Chemoradiotherapy with the combined procedure is safe and feasible with acceptable morbidity. A post-chemoradiotherapy short-axis LPN diameter ≥7 mm and poor/mucinous/signet adenocarcinoma can predict pathological LPN metastasis after chemoradiotherapy. However, LPND should be carefully considered in patients with distant metastases, metastases beyond the obturator or internal iliac region, and multiple LPN involvement.
Colour Discrimination Functions of the Humming Bird Hawkmoth (Macroglosum Stellatarum) Modelled From Behavioural Choices
Authors: Garcia Jair E. , Dyer Adrian G.
Published: June 2022

The hummingbird hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellatarum) is a diurnal, visually oriented insect that has become an important animal model for comparative studies. Hawkmoths use colour information to find and identify profitable flowers, and they are major pollinators in various regions of the world. Recent research on other flower visiting animals including bees, hoverflies and birds shows that their respective colour choices for target-distractor stimuli of varying similarity can be reliably modelled using sigmoidal-type continuous functions, as postulated by von Helversen 50 years ago. We formally test if colour choices by M. stellatarum can also be reliably explained by these sigmoidal functions that are important for modelling plant-pollinator interactions in other animals. We fit multiple formulations of sigmoidal functions selecting those which best fit the observed data. We show that colour vision in hawkmoths varies across various regions of colour space. Our results are consistent with theories that colour choices are principally mediated by higher level neural processes in the animal brain, since it is at this level physiological signal modulation varies with stimulus modulation in a probabilistic fashion. These functions thus enable important insights into how to model how animals interact with colour stimuli like flowers in complex environments.
Knockdown of PYCR1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in oesophageal squamous cell cancer by limiting its interaction with EGFR
Authors: Meng Yuqi , Li Zheng , Li Bin , Li Xuan , Song Tieniu , Feng Haiming , Lin Junping
Published: June 2022

Background: The expression and functions of pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) in oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) are obscure. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of PYCR1 in ESCC.Methods: Immunohistochemistry with a human oesophageal cancer tissue microarray was used to assessPYCR1 levels in ESCC tissues and RT-qPCR was used to measure PYCR1 in ESCC cell lines. PYCR1 was knocked down in ESCC cells by lentivirus transduction. Cell viability was measured by MTT assays, proliferation by the multiplication of green fluorescent protein-labelled cells, and migration and invasion of cells using wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively, with and without extracellular matrix. Caspase 7/3 assays were used to assess apoptosis. In vivo functions of PYCR1 were investigated in xenograft mouse models and potential protein interactors were identified by mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and the results were verified by rescue experiments.Results: PYCR1 was strongly expressed in both ESCC cells and tissues and downregulation was confirmed after its knockdown. Knockdown led to reduced cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, together with increased apoptosis. Knockdown also inhibited the growth of xenograft tumours. PYCR1 was found to coimmunoprecipitate with EGFR and rescue experiments showed that EGRF overexpression counteracted the effects of PYCR1 knockdown.Conclusions: Upregulation of PYCR1 was observed in ESCC tissues and PYCR1 knockdown reduced tumour growth by preventing the PYCR1-EGFR interaction. This suggests that PYCR1 has oncogenic functions and may be a potential target for ESCC treatment.
Mineral and trace elements in nutritious flours: total contents, in vitro bioaccessibility and its contribution to dietary intake
Authors: Souza Thaís L. , Souza Laís A. , Barbosa Isa S. , Santos Daniele Cristina M. B. , Araújo Rennan Geovanny O. , Korn Maria Graças A.
Published: June 2022

The consumption of fruits, vegetables and cereals in the form of flour has been an alternative for the intake of nutrients, currently seen in society that seeks a healthier diet. Thus, the assessment of total content and bioaccessibility is important to better understand the actual intake of nutrients or contaminants present in foods. The aim of this study was to determine the total content and estimate the bioaccessible fraction of Cu, Fe, and Zn in nutritious flours by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after microwave acid digestion. Bioaccessibility was assessed using in vitro method that takes into account the entire gastrointestinal tract (Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM)). The following concentration ranges, in μg g-1, were found: Ca (341 - 6275), K (2984 - 13953), P (476 - 6110), Na (<0.39 - 2995), Fe (1.4 - 167), Cu (<0.01 - 59.6) and Zn (<0.07 - 30.3). Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed a tendency to form three groups. The bioaccessible fractions for Cu, Fe and Zn were considered low, ranging from 0.96 to 40% in the gastrointestinal phase and from 4.1 to 100 % in the gastric phase.
EEG Microstates in Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence Against Trait Markers of Illness
Authors: Bissonnette Jenna N. , Francis Ashley M. , Hull Krista M. , Leckey Jennifer , Pimer Laura , Berrigan Lindsay I. , Fisher Derek J.
Published: June 2022

Dysconnectivity between cortical networks is a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). Electroencephalography (EEG) derived microstates are a cost effective and time sensitive method of examining the dynamics of large-scale brain networks. Previous studies examining the four traditional microstate classes of A, B, C, and D in MDD have used mixed diagnostic samples and have displayed varied results. More recently, there have been reports of altered microstate parameters in studies where five microstate classes best fit the data. To continue the examination of this phenomenon, the current study examined five microstate classes in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. Although a five-microstate model best fit our data, we failed to replicate any alterations in the duration, occurrence, contribution, or transitional probabilities of any microstate class in MDD. However, the number of observed transitions varied significantly from what would be expected between microstates A, B, and E in the MDD group, suggesting abnormal connectivity between regions responsible for generating these states. There was also a significant relationship found between anxiety symptoms and the occurrence of microstate class E in our MDD sample. Potential explanations for our findings, such as illness severity and the presence of comorbid anxiety symptoms are discussed. The results provide skepticism for the utilization of microstate alterations as an independent biomarker for MDD. Future research is needed to clarify the observed relationship between anxiety symptoms and microstate class E.