bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chauhan Weighted Trajectory Analysis Reduces Sample Size Requirements and Expedites Time-to-Efficacy Signals in Advanced Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Chauhan Utkarsh , Mackey Daylen , Mackey John R.
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: As Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis is limited to single unidirectional endpoints, most advanced cancer randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are powered for either progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). This discards efficacy information carried by partial responses, complete responses, and stable disease that frequently precede progressive disease and death. Chauhan Weighted Trajectory Analysis (CWTA) is a generalization of KM that simultaneously assesses multiple rank-ordered endpoints. We hypothesized that CWTA could use this efficacy information to reduce sample size requirements and expedite efficacy signals in advanced cancer trials. (2) Methods: We performed 100-fold and 1000-fold simulations of solid tumor systemic therapy RCTs with health statuses rank-ordered from complete response (Stage 0) to death (Stage 4). At increments of the sample size and hazard ratio, we compared KM PFS and OS with CWTA for (i) sample size requirements to achieve a power of 0.8 and (ii) the time to first significant efficacy signal. (3) Results: CWTA consistently demonstrated greater power, and it reduced the sample size requirements by 18% to 35% compared to KM PFS and 14% to 20% compared to KM OS. CWTA also expedited time-to-efficacy signals by 2- to 6-fold. (4) Conclusions: CWTA, by incorporating all efficacy signals in the cancer treatment trajectory, provides a clinically relevant reduction in the required sample size and meaningfully expedites the efficacy signals of cancer treatments compared to KM PFS and KM OS. Using CWTA rather than KM as the primary trial outcome has the potential to meaningfully reduce the numbers of patients, trial duration, and costs to evaluate therapies in advanced cancer.
Exploring Performance of Using SCM Concrete: Investigating Impacts Shifting along Concrete Supply Chain and Construction
Authors: Chen Shiwei , Ye Zhukai , Lu Weizhuo , Feng Kailun
Published: July 2024

Concrete is one of the most used building materials globally, leading to a large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) as replacements for cement in concrete provides an effective way to reduce GHG emissions. However, quantifying the construction performance of using SCM concrete is hard because of complex interactions between concrete’s mechanical properties and construction characteristics, like local energy supply, surrounding temperature and construction plans, which leads to only the fragmental performance of using SCM concrete being explored in previous studies. There still lacks an effective way to quantify the comprehensive performance and provide decision support for contractors about how to use SCM concrete. To deal with the gap, this research proposes a Collection–Simulation–Calculation–Decision (CSCD) method to analyze the complex interactions between concrete and construction, and to quantify the performance of the supply chain–construction when using SCM. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is effective in quantifying the performance of using SCM concrete in construction and providing decision support for construction decision makers. A scenario analysis is also conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in different project characteristics, including the global warming potential (GWP) factors for different construction sites, seasonal temperature changes and different construction plans. The proposed method is an effective tool to quantify the construction performance of using SCM concrete considering complex interactions between concrete mechanical properties and construction characteristics. The results of the research can assist construction decision makers to make decisions about using SCM concrete by comprehensively understanding the impacts shifting along the concrete supply chain and construction.
Predictive Factors for Early Immune Recovery in NHL Patients after Autologous Transplantation: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Partanen Anu , Turunen Antti , Kuittinen Outi , Kuitunen Hanne , Mäntymaa Pentti , Varmavuo Ville , Jantunen Esa
Published: July 2024

Early lymphocyte recovery as manifested by an absolute lymphocyte count at d+15 (ALC-15) ≥ 0.5 × 109/L after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) has been associated with a better outcome. This prospective multicenter study aimed to clarify factors associated with ALC-15 ≥ 0.5 × 109/L after AHCT among 178 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The mobilization capacity, as manifested by peak blood CD34+ cell numbers > 45 × 106/L correlated with higher ALC-15 levels (p = 0.020). In addition, the amount of CD3+CD4+ T cells > 31.8 × 106/kg in the infused graft predicted ALC-15 ≥ 0.5 × 109/L (p < 0.001). Also, the number of infused graft CD3+CD8+ T cells > 28.8 × 106/kg (p = 0.017) and NK cells > 4.4 × 106/kg was linked with higher ALC-15 (p < 0.001). The two-year progression-free survival after AHCT was significantly better in patients with ALC-15 ≥ 0.5 × 109/L (74 vs. 57%, p = 0.027). The five-year OS in patients with higher ALC-15 was 78% vs. 60% in those with lower ALC-15 (p = 0.136). To conclude, the mobilization capacity of CD34+ cells and detailed measures of graft cellular content mark prognostic tools that predict ALC-15 ≥ 0.5 × 109/L, which is associated with a better outcome in NHL patients after AHCT.
Benefit of LDH-Derived Mixed Oxides for the Co-Oxidation of Toluene and CO Exhausted from Biomass Combustion
Authors: Paris Caroline , Dib Hadi , Bounoukta Charf Eddine , Genty Eric , Poupin Christophe , Siffert Stéphane , Cousin Renaud
Published: July 2024

The proposed study is devoted to highlighting the importance of mixed oxides preparation through the layered double hydroxide route for undesirable gas pollutants abatement. Different series of Cu/Al/Ce mixed oxides with similar or different stoichiometrics were prepared and compared for toluene and/or CO oxidation. Catalyst synthesis methods influence material properties and activity for oxidation reactions. The high activity for the oxidation reactions of mixed oxides derived from LDH is explained by the Cu/Ce synergy. The presence of CO in the CO/toluene mixture does not affect the total toluene oxidation, and the toluene does not affect the total oxidation of CO conversion at low temperatures. The most effective catalytic material (Cu6Al1.2Ce0.8) presents a long lifetime stability for total toluene oxidation and resistance to CO poisoning in mixtures.
Supported Inverse MnOx/Pt Catalysts Facilitate Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Bi Wenli , Zhang Ruoyu , Ge Qingfeng , Zhu Xinli
Published: July 2024

Catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO via the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction has been identified as a promising approach for CO2 utilization and mitigation of CO2 emissions. Bare Pt shows low activity for the RWGS reaction due to its low oxophilicity, with few research works having concentrated on the inverse metal oxide/Pt catalyst for the RWGS reaction. In this work, MnOx was deposited on the Pt surface over a SiO2 support to prepare the MnOx/Pt inverse catalyst via a co-impregnation method. Addition of 0.5 wt% Mn to 1 wt% Pt/SiO2 improved the intrinsic reaction rate and turnover frequency at 400 °C by two and twelve times, respectively. Characterizations indicate that MnOx partially encapsulates the surface of the Pt particles and the coverage increases with increasing Mn content, which resembles the concept of strong metal–support interaction (SMSI). Although the surface accessible Pt sites are reduced, new MnOx/Pt interfacial perimeter sites are created, which provide both hydrogenation and C-O activation functionalities synergistically due to the close proximity between Pt and MnOx at the interface, and therefore improve the activity. Moreover, the stability is also significantly improved due to the coverage of Pt by MnOx. This work demonstrates a simple method to tune the oxide/metal interfacial sites of inverse Pt-based catalyst for the RWGS reaction.
Application of Long-Period Fiber Grating Sensors in Structural Health Monitoring: A Review
Authors: Zhuo Ying , Ma Pengfei , Jiao Pu , Yuan Xinzhe
Published: July 2024

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for preventing and detecting corrosion, leaks, and other risks in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, ensuring environmental safety and structural integrity. Optical fiber sensors (OFS), particularly long-period fiber gratings (LPFG), have emerged as a promising method for SHM. Various LPFG sensors have been widely used in SHM due to their high sensitivity, durability, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and compact size. This review explores recent advancements in LPFG sensors and offers insights into their potential applications in SHM.
Investigating the Relationship between Chronic Liver Cirrhosis and Parkinsonism: A Comparative Analysis and a Suggested Diagnostic Scheme
Authors: Sigawi Tal , Hamtzany Omer , Hurvitz Noa , Ishay Yuval , Dayan Roy , Arkadir David , Ilan Yaron
Published: July 2024

Aim: Neurological manifestations are common in patients with chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to depict the association between liver cirrhosis and Parkinson’s disease (PD) and propose a clinically relevant diagnostic scheme. Methods: We examined patients’ medical records with PD and chronic liver impairment secondary to cirrhosis or liver metastases for temporal correlations between liver insult and Parkinsonian signs. Results: Thirty-five individuals with PD and chronic liver impairment were included due to either cirrhosis or liver metastases. In all 22 patients with PD and liver metastases, the diagnosis of PD preceded the diagnosis of cancer. Conversely, patients with cirrhosis were often diagnosed with liver impairment before diagnosing PD. Age at diagnosis did not account for this difference. Conclusions: This study reinforces the potential clinical association between cirrhosis and PD. We also provide a diagnostic scheme that may guide therapeutic interventions and prognostic assessments.
Comparisons of Audiologic Characteristics in Patients with Continuous and Intermittent Tinnitus
Authors: Chung Seok Hwan , Kim Sung Soo , Kim Sang Hoon , Yeo Seung Geun
Published: July 2024

Background: No studies to date have compared audiologic characteristics in patients with continuous and intermittent tinnitus. The present study classified tinnitus patients into continuous and intermittent groups based on tinnitus duration and compared their audiologic characteristics. Methods: This study enrolled 604 patients with tinnitus from January 2019 to December 2022. Clinical manifestations, PTA results, the frequency and loudness of tinnitus, ABR, DPOAE, and TEOAE tests were compared in patients with continuous and intermittent tinnitus. Results: Of the 604 patients, 231 (38.2%) had continuous and 373 (61.8%) had intermittent tinnitus. There were no significant between-group differences in otologic symptoms, tinnitus onomatopoeia. PTA showed that hearing thresholds, except at 125 Hz, were significantly higher in patients with continuous rather than intermittent tinnitus. The loudness of tinnitus was significantly greater in patients with continuous rather than intermittent tinnitus. ABR tests showed that the absolute latency of wave V was significantly longer in continuous than in intermittent tinnitus. Signal-to-noise ratios on TEOAE tests were significantly lower in patients with continuous rather than intermittent tinnitus at all frequencies tested (1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 kHz). Response rates to sound stimuli at all frequencies, except for 1 kHz, were significantly lower on DPOAE tests in patients with continuous rather than intermittent tinnitus. Conclusions: Continuous tinnitus is more common in males, more persistent over time, and is associated with a higher rate of hearing loss. In contrast, intermittent tinnitus is more common in women, appears acutely, and is associated with a relatively lower rate of hearing loss. Based on the findings of the current paper, it seems that audiologic characteristics may differ between patients with continuous and intermittent tinnitus.
Evaluating Aspirin’s Efficacy for Primary Prevention in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease: Insights from a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Ki-Hong , Ko Inseok , Kim Jong-Yeup , Kim Dong-Kyu
Published: July 2024

Background: The effectiveness of aspirin for the primary prevention of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases in Koreans remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the preventive effects of low-dose aspirin (equal or less than 100 mg) on cerebro-cardiovascular events. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Sample Cohort dataset. From the 1,106,580 individuals eligible in 2004, we selected 200 individuals (47% male and 22.5% aged 65 or older) who consistently received low-dose aspirin from 2004 to 2013 for inclusion in the aspirin cohort. Participants for the control cohort, who did not use aspirin, were selected through propensity score matching based on variables. Result: We compared the incidences of endpoints (acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage) between the aspirin group and the non-aspirin group over the 9-year follow-up period. There was no significant difference in the incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or cerebral hemorrhage between the aspirin and non-aspirin groups. Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention in Koreans did not reduce myocardial or cerebral infarctions and did not increase the risk of gastrointestinal or cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that aspirin for primary prevention should be used cautiously and tailored to the individual’s baseline cardiovascular risk.
The Prevalence of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting in the Emergency Service of Galati Hospital from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Dragomir Liliana , Marina Virginia , Anghele Aurelian-Dumitrache , Anghele Mihaela , Moscu Cosmina-Alina
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular emergencies and the relationships between these emergencies and the personal medical histories of patients. Materials and Methods: This study is retrospective, observational, and longitudinal, spanning five years from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Descriptive elements were observed and recorded to conduct statistical analysis on the cardiovascular characteristics of 723 patients transported by air and treated at the Emergency County Hospital of Galati, Romania. Results: Cardiovascular disease is a complex condition that often originates in the heart and presents with a variety of symptoms. Deaths related to cardiovascular diseases outnumber cancer-related deaths in both men and women worldwide. The one-year mortality rate for patients admitted to the hospital with acute pulmonary edema can be as high as 40%. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world and globally. Conclusions: The highest prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was noted in 2016, particularly among elderly men, who appear to be more affected by these conditions, while liver disease was minimal. In our study, the most prevalent cardiovascular disease was ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Gender plays a role in the risk of cardiovascular emergencies, with men being at a higher risk of developing life-threatening conditions. Additionally, there is a linear increase in risk with age for developing these pathologies.
Investigation of the Influence of Including or Omitting the Oxide Layer on the Result of Identifying the Local Boundary Condition during Water Spray Cooling
Authors: Cebo-Rudnicka Agnieszka , Hadała Beata
Published: July 2024

In the case of products made of steel, the presence of an oxide layer, which is formed during the steel production process as a result of high temperature, has a significant impact on the process of heat removal from the surface of the cooled material. For this reason, it is necessary to take into account the presence of the oxide layer in mathematical and numerical models used to simulate the distribution of the temperature field in cooled steel products. These models are based on the boundary conditions identified for given production conditions. This paper presents a comparison of the results of the identification of the boundary condition during water spray cooling of Armco iron with the use of the inverse solution. Numerical calculations were carried out using two models of heat conduction. In the first model, the presence of an oxide layer with different thermophysical properties than the base material (Armco iron) was taken into account. The second model assumed no oxide layer on the cooled Armco iron surface. It was found that the inverse solution obtained in the case of the heat conduction model taking into account the thickness of the oxide layer is correct in time and as a function of temperature. Thus, the boundary condition model obtained as a function of temperature is universal. However, this model requires an additional layer of oxides with different thermophysical properties than the base material to be included in the finite element model (FEM). Based on the conducted uncertainty tests of the inverse solution, it was found that the results of the determined boundary condition in the absence of the oxide layer on the cooled surface are subject to an error higher than 10% in comparison to the maximum reference value of the heat transfer coefficient.
Effects of Depressive and Anxiety-Related Behaviors in Patients Aged 30–75+ Who Have Experienced COVID-19
Authors: Rizanaj Nderim , Gavazaj Fahri
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the prevalence, severity, and implications of depressive and anxiety behaviors among individuals aged 30–75+ who have recovered from COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges, prompting a critical examination of its psychological aftermath. Employing a quantitative research design, the study utilized a cross-sectional approach to gather data from 422 participants recruited through convenience sampling from healthcare facilities, community organizations, and online platforms. Participants, who had tested positive for COVID-19 and recovered, completed standardized assessments including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item scale (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms. Demographic variables were also collected to explore the correlations and potential risk factors using SPSS software. Key findings highlight significant levels of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms among the study population, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions and support services. The study’s limitations include the inability to establish causal relationships due to its cross-sectional nature and potential biases associated with convenience sampling. Nevertheless, the research underscores the urgent need for healthcare and mental health professionals to prioritize the psychological well-being of COVID-19 survivors through targeted strategies and resource allocation. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and practitioners can enhance the resilience and recovery of individuals affected by the pandemic’s psychological toll.
Comparison of the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers between 2022 and 2023 in a Romanian COVID-19 Hub Hospital
Authors: Muntean Monica , Colcear Doina , Briciu Violeta , Lupse Mihaela , Crisan Catalina , Sidea Maria , Radulescu Amanda
Published: July 2024

We assessed depression, anxiety, and stress in healthcare workers (HCWs) in 2023 and the evolution of depression in 2023 compared with 2022. In September–November 2023, 181 HCWs from the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress 21 Scale (DASS-21 R), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). The prevalence of moderate-to-severe levels was 13.8% for DASS-Depression, 18.8% for DASS-Anxiety, 16.1% for DASS-Stress, 19.9% for PHQ-9, and 18.2% for HAM-A. Moderate-to-severe PHQ-9 depression was significantly lower in the 2023 study group (19.9%, N = 181) compared with 2022 (30.6%, N = 114) (p = 0.04), also within the 2022–2023 follow-up participants (N = 88) (p = 0.03). We did not find significant statistical differences between those infected vs. non-infected, vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated, or working with vs. not working with SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Males were significantly more stressed (p = 0.02) and anxious (p = 0.03), and physicians in training had the highest prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression (31.6%), followed by physicians (25.6%). In 2023, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms decreased but remained within a concerning range. By addressing these psychological issues, we may reduce the possibility of medical errors and prevent professional crises in the healthcare system.
EFCAB4B (CRACR2A/Rab46) Genetic Variants Associated with COVID-19 Fatality
Authors: Wang Dapeng , Wiktor Sabina D. , Cheng Chew W. , Simmons Katie J. , Money Ashley , Pedicini Lucia , Carlton Asya , Breeze Alexander L. , McKeown Lynn
Published: July 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in more than 692 million cases worldwide and nearly 7 million deaths (August 2023). Severe COVID-19 is characterised in part by vascular thrombosis and a cytokine storm due to increased plasma concentrations of pro-thrombotic proteins such as von Willebrand factor and cytokines secreted from endothelial and T-cells. EFCAB4B is a gene that encodes for two proteins (CRACR2A and Rab46) that play important roles in endothelial and T-cell secretion. In this study, using patient data recorded in the UK Biobank, we demonstrate the importance of variants in the EFCAB4B genetic sequence with COVID-19 fatality. Using logistic regression analysis, we determined that three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene cause missense variations in CRACR2A and Rab46, which are associated with COVID-19 fatality (rs9788233: p = 0.004, odds ratio = 1.511; rs17836273: p = 0.012, odds ratio = 1.433; rs36030417: p = 0.013, odds ratio = 1.393). All three SNPs cause changes in amino acid residues that are highly conserved across species, indicating their importance in protein structure and function. Two SNPs, rs17836273 (A98T) and rs36030417 (H212Q), cause amino acid substitutions in important functional domains: the EF-hand and coiled-coil domain, respectively. Molecular modelling shows minimal impact by the substitution of threonine at position 98 on the structure of the EF-hand. Since Rab46 is a GTPase that regulates both endothelial cell secretion and T-cell signalling, these missense variants may play a role in the molecular mechanisms underlying the thrombotic and inflammatory characteristics observed in patients with severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Duplex and Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Reinforcements in Alkaline Medium Contaminated with Chlorides
Authors: Martin Ulises , Bastidas David M.
Published: July 2024

Herein, the corrosion performance of different stainless steel (SS) reinforcing bar grades in alkaline solution is presented, including UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel (DSS), UNS S32304 and UNS S32001 lean DDS (LDSS). The electrochemical dissolution kinetics were studied by potentiodynamic polarization and the Tafel slope method. The environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) mechanisms of the different SS grades in the presence of Cl− were revealed with the slow strain rate test (SSRT). The higher activation of the anodic branch and the loss of toughness were related to the austenite-to-ferrite phase ratio. UNS S32205 DSS presented the slowest anodic dissolution kinetics, mainly due to the higher austenite content compared to the other LDSS; however, it suffered a more severe EAC than the UNS S32304 LDSS. In the case of UNS S32001 LDSS, even while having the lowest Ni content (i.e., large ferrite α-phase ratio), it experienced the least decrease in elongation as well as low anodic dissolution kinetics for Cl− contents up to 8 wt.%, where the Cl− threshold was reached.
Canadian Consensus for Treatment of BRAF V600E Mutated Pediatric and AYA Gliomas
Authors: Erker Craig , Vanan Magimairajan Issai , Larouche Valérie , Nobre Liana , Cacciotti Chantel , Vairy Stéphanie , Zelcer Shayna , Fleming Adam , Bouffet Eric , Jabado Nada , Legault Geneviève , Renzi Samuele , McKeown Tara , Crooks Bruce , Thacker Nirav , Ramaswamy Vijay , Coltin Hallie , Lafay-Cousin Lucie , Cheng Sylvia , Hukin Juliette , Climans Seth Andrew , Lim-Fat Mary Jane , McKillop Sarah , Lapointe Sarah , Alves Mélanie , Bennett Julie , Tabori Uri , Perreault Sébastien
Published: July 2024

Background: The treatment of BRAF V600E gliomas with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis) and MEK inhibitors (MEKis) has been increasingly integrated into clinical practice for pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) and pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs). However, some questions remain unanswered, such as the best time to start targeted therapy, duration of treatment, and discontinuation of therapy. Given that no clinical trial has been able to address these critical questions, we developed a Canadian Consensus statement for the treatment of BRAF V600E mutated pediatric as well as adolescent and young adult (AYA) gliomas. Methods: Canadian neuro-oncologists were invited to participate in the development of this consensus. The consensus was discussed during monthly web-based national meetings, and the algorithms were revised until a consensus was achieved. Results: A total of 26 participants were involved in the development of the algorithms. Two treatment algorithms are proposed, one for the initiation of treatment and one for the discontinuation of treatment. We suggest that most patients with BRAF V600E gliomas should be treated with BRAFis ± MEKis upfront. Discontinuation of treatment can be considered in certain circumstances, and we suggest a slow wean. Conclusions: Based on expert consensus in Canada, we developed algorithms for treatment initiation of children and AYA with BRAF V600E gliomas as well as a discontinuation algorithm.
The Rarity in the Rarity: Presentation of Three Cases of Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma with Clinical and Histopathological Insights
Authors: Cazzato Gerardo , Colagrande Anna , Caputo Valentina , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Cascardi Eliano , Fortarezza Francesco , Bonoldi Emanuela , Rongioletti Franco
Published: July 2024

A cutaneous carcinosarcoma (cCS) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer characterized by both carcinomatous (epithelial) and sarcomatous (mesenchymal) components, making it a biphasic tumor. Despite its occurrence in various organs, a cCS is exceptionally rare in the skin, predominantly affecting older males. The etiology of a cCS is unclear, but it may originate from a single progenitor cell capable of dual differentiation or from a collision of carcinoma and sarcoma cells. Clinically, a cCS presents as a rapidly growing, painful, ulcerated nodule or plaque on sun-exposed skin, with a high risk of local invasion and metastasis. Histopathologically, a cCS includes various epithelial components, such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, along with undifferentiated sarcomatous components resembling atypical fibroxanthoma. The tumor may also exhibit heterologous differentiation like angiosarcomatous or rhabdomyosarcomatous features. We present three cases of a cCS, highlighting their clinical and histological characteristics and comparing them with previously reported cases. Understanding a cCS is complicated by its rarity and diverse presentation, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate its pathogenesis and optimal management.
IgG4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD) with Unique Combined Generalized Skin Rashes and Biliary Tract Manifestation: A Comprehensive Immunological Analysis
Authors: Jung Ye La , Agrawal Sudhanshu , Wang Beverly , Gupta Sudhir
Published: July 2024

IgG4-RD is a multisystem fibroinflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of tissues by IgG4 plasma cells. Combined skin and biliary tract involvement in IgG4-RD has not been described. We present perhaps the most comprehensive analysis of lymphocyte subsets in the first case of IgG4-related generalized skin rash and first case of combined skin and biliary tract manifestations. A 55-year-old male presented with painful jaundice and generalized macular pigmented pruritic eruptions, and CT abdomen revealed biliary obstruction. Ampulla and skin biopsies were subjected to histology and immunostaining. Naïve, central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM), terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper subsets, naïve, transitional, marginal zone (MZ), germinal center (GC), IgM memory, and class-switched memory (CSM) B cells, and T follicular regulatory, regulatory B cells, CD4 Treg, and CD8 Treg were analyzed. Serum IgG4 was elevated at 448 mg/dL. Ampula biopsy showed lamina propria fibrosis and increased IgG4-positive plasma cells. Skin punch biopsy showed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with a 67% ratio of IgG4+:IgG+ plasma cells. CD4+TN and CD4+TCM decreased, whereas CD4+TEM increased. Naïve B cells increased; transitional, MZ, CSM, GC B cells, and plasmablasts decreased compared to control. CD4 Treg increased, whereas CD8 Treg and Breg decreased. In conclusion, IgG-RD may present with combined biliary tract and generalized dermatological manifestations. Changes in regulatory lymphocytes suggest their role in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD.
What Is the Trajectory of Recovery in the Early Postoperative Period after the Big 3 Shoulder Surgeries? Comparative Analysis Using 3 Previous Prospective Studies
Authors: Kim Du-Han , Kim Soon Gu , Cho Chul-Hyun
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: The aims of this study were to compare serial changes in outcome measures in the early postoperative period after rotator cuff repair (RCR), anatomical total shoulder replacement (ATSR), and reverse total shoulder replacement (RTSR). (2) Methods: In total, 143 patients who underwent RCR (n = 47), ATSR (n = 46), and RTSR (n = 50) were included. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the activity of daily living (ADL) score, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score were completed. (3) Results: At 3 months, the recovery rate for the VAS pain score was 43.7% in the RCR, 89.1% in the ATSR, and 78.4% in RTSR. The recovery rate for the ADL score was 36.3%, 69.5%, and 76.4%. The recovery rate for ASES score was 40.9%, 79.5%, and 77.4%. For all outcome measures, a lower recovery rate was observed in the RCR group than in the ATSR and RTSR groups. At 6 months after surgery, the recovery rate for the VAS pain score was 69.9%, 100%, and 90.3%. The recovery rate for the ADL score was 66.8%, 92.8%, and 91.5%. The recovery rate for the ASES score was 68.7%, 96.5%, and 90.9%. (4) Conclusion: Compared with ATSR and RTSR, a slower recovery rate was observed for RCR, measured to be approximately 40% at 3 months and 70% at 6 months after surgery. Rapid improvement in pain and shoulder function was achieved after ATSR and RTSR, with a recovery rate of over 70% at 3 months and over 90% at 6 months after surgery.
The Vision of University Students from the Educational Field in the Integration of ChatGPT
Authors: Cebrián Cifuentes Sara , Guerrero Valverde Empar , Checa Caballero Sabina
Published: July 2024

ChatGPT has significantly increased in popularity in recent months because of its capacity to generate novel content and provide genuine responses to questions. Nevertheless, like all technologies, it is crucial to assess its limitations and features prior to implementing it into an educational setting. A major obstacle associated with ChatGPT is its tendency to produce consistent yet occasionally unreliable and inaccurate responses. Our study provides students with training in this area, and its objective was to analyse the opinion of those same university students studying education-related degrees regarding the efficacy of the usefulness of ChatGPT for their learning. We used a mixed methodology and two instruments for data collection: questionnaires and discussion groups. The sample comprised 150 university students pursuing degrees in teaching and social education. The results show that the majority of students are familiar with the technology but have not had any formal training in a university. They use this tool to complete academic assignments outside the classroom, and they emphasise the need for training in it. Furthermore, following the training, the students highlight an increase in motivation and a positive impact on the development of generic skills, such as information analysis, synthesis and management, problem solving, and learning how to learn. Ultimately, this study provides an opportunity to consider the implementation of educational training of this tool at the university level in order to ensure its appropriate use.
Impact of Quantum Non-Locality and Electronic Non-Ideality on the Shannon Entropy for Atomic States in Dense Plasma
Authors: Nuraly Askhat T. , Seisembayeva Madina M. , Dzhumagulova Karlygash N. , Shalenov Erik O.
Published: July 2024

The influence of the collective and quantum effects on the Shannon information entropy for atomic states in dense nonideal plasma was investigated. The interaction potential, which takes into account the effect of quantum non-locality as well as electronic correlations, was used to solve the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom. It is shown that taking into account ionic screening leads to an increase in entropy, while taking into account only electronic screening does not lead to significant changes.
A Secure Image Encryption Scheme Based on a New Hyperchaotic System and 2D Compressed Sensing
Authors: Liu Muou , Ning Chongyang , Zhu Congxu
Published: July 2024

In insecure communication environments where the communication bandwidth is limited, important image data must be compressed and encrypted for transmission. However, existing image compression and encryption algorithms suffer from poor image reconstruction quality and insufficient image encryption security. To address these problems, this paper proposes an image-compression and encryption scheme based on a newly designed hyperchaotic system and two-dimensional compressed sensing (2DCS) technique. In this paper, the chaotic performance of this hyperchaotic system is verified by bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov diagrams, approximate entropy, and permutation entropy, which have certain advantages over the traditional 2D chaotic system. The new 2D chaotic system as a pseudo-random number generator can completely pass all the test items of NIST. Meanwhile, this paper improves on the existing 2D projected gradient (2DPG) algorithm, which improves the quality of image compression and reconstruction, and can effectively reduce the transmission pressure of image data confidential communication. In addition, a new image encryption algorithm is designed for the new 2D chaotic system, and the security of the algorithm is verified by experiments such as key space size analysis and encrypted image information entropy.
Trauma Exposure, Social Support and Mental Health in the General Population in Belgium
Authors: Muysewinkel Emilie , Vesentini Lara , Van Deynse Helena , Gisle Lydia , Smith Pierre , Bruggeman Helena , Bilsen Johan , Van Overmeire Roel
Published: July 2024

Introduction: International research has shown that trauma exposure can lead to mental health disorders and affect social support. However, there is little insight into trauma exposure and its related issues in the general population of Belgium. Methods: Secondary cross-sectional data on the general adult population were retrieved from the Belgian Health Interview Survey. Using a representative sample, data were collected on trauma exposure in the past 12 months, and the disclosure of trauma, social support, depressive/anxiety symptoms and background factors were investigated. Results: In total, 7728 participants were included in this study, and 4.8% (N = 369) reported trauma exposure within the past 12 months. People with trauma exposure (4.8%, N = 369) consistently had more anxiety and depressive symptoms than those without trauma (p < 0.001), and people with multiple trauma exposures had more symptoms than those with a single trauma (p < 0.001). Social support was observed to be lower among those with trauma exposure (p < 0.001), and 17.1% had never disclosed their trauma to anyone. Sexual violence was higher among women (64.5%) and was also the least disclosed form of trauma. Conclusions: Trauma exposure is associated with poorer mental health in Belgium. Around a fifth of those who experience trauma do not disclose their trauma, which is the most common after sexual violence.
A 2.0–3.0 GHz GaN HEMT-Based High-Efficiency Rectifier Using Class-EFJ Operating Mode
Authors: Wang Chenlu , Luo Junyi , Zhang Zhiwei , Gu Chao , Zhu Haipeng , Zhang Luyu
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a CGH40010F GaN-based wideband RF rectifier with high rectification efficiency is presented. A novel continuous class-EFJ-mode rectifier is constructed by combining a continuous class-J-mode rectifier and class-EF-mode rectifier under specific impedance conditions. This novel continuous class-EFJ-mode rectifier has high rectification efficiency and wide bandwidth at the same time. For validation, a wideband high-efficiency class-EFJ-mode rectifier functioning within the 2.0–3.0 GHz range is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurements indicate that, with an input power of 40 dBm and a resistance of 72 Ω on the dc load, the implemented rectifier sustains a rectification efficiency exceeding 60% across its entire operational frequency band. Meanwhile, the dimensions of the circuits are only 3 cm × 3.1 cm.
Improved BP Neural Network Algorithm for Predicting Structural Parameters of Mirrors
Authors: Xue Kejuan , Wang Jinsong , Chen Yuan , Wang Hao
Published: July 2024

Addressing the nonlinear correlations between input variables and output responses, in addition to the time-consuming nature of finite element analysis in mirror design, this study introduces an enhanced back-propagation (BP) neural network (BR-TLDBO-BPNN) employing Bayesian regularization and an optimized dung beetle algorithm. This novel approach facilitates rapid and efficient parameter estimations, significantly reducing the computational overhead. Utilizing an integrated analysis platform, the study obtained training and test samples, and the BR-TLDBO-BPNN model is used to predict the reflector’s mass and root mean square (RMS). The optimization mathematical model is built, and the nonlinear planning function (fmincon) is utilized to solve the problem and find an ideal set of structural parameters. The outcomes demonstrate that the prediction model is accurate enough to predict the mirror characteristics to optimize the mirror structural parameters. Empirical validation demonstrates that the proposed model achieves an over 99% accuracy in predicting mirror characteristics against finite element simulations. As a result, the BR-TLDBO-BPNN algorithm studied in this article not only broadens the application scope of neural networks, but also provides a new practical technique for engineering design.
A Real-Time and Privacy-Preserving Facial Expression Recognition System Using an AI-Powered Microcontroller
Authors: Zhang Jiajin , Xie Xiaolong , Peng Guoying , Liu Li , Yang Hongyu , Guo Rong , Cao Juntao , Yang Jianke
Published: July 2024

This study proposes an edge computing-based facial expression recognition system that is low cost, low power, and privacy preserving. It utilizes a minimally obtrusive cap-based system designed for the continuous and real-time monitoring of a user’s facial expressions. The proposed method focuses on detecting facial skin deformations accompanying changes in facial expressions. A multi-zone time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor VL53L5CX, featuring an 8 × 8 depth image, is integrated into the front brim of the cap to measure the distance between the sensor and the user’s facial skin surface. The distance values corresponding to seven universal facial expressions (neutral, happy, disgust, anger, surprise, fear, and sad) are transmitted to a low-power STM32F476 microcontroller (MCU) as an edge device for data preprocessing and facial expression classification tasks utilizing an on-device pre-trained deep learning model. Performance evaluation of the system is conducted through experiments utilizing data collected from 20 subjects. Four deep learning algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Deep Neural Networks (DNN), are assessed. These algorithms demonstrate high accuracy, with CNN yielding the best result, achieving an accuracy of 89.20% at a frame rate of 15 frames per second (fps) and a maximum latency of 2 ms.
The Trajectory Prediction of Spacecraft under the Influence of Gyroscopic Effect Generated during Non-Keplerian Motion
Authors: Li Xuehua , Zhang Lei , Li Zhijun
Published: July 2024

Due to perturbation forces and control forces, trajectories of spacecraft around the Earth are usually non-Keplerian orbits, which may result in a gyroscopic effect. To meet the complex demands of space operations in the future, the trajectory prediction of spacecraft under the influence of the gyroscopic effect generated during non-Keplerian motion needs to be studied in depth. The paper investigated the trajectory of spacecraft under the gyroscopic effect generated during non-Keplerian motion. Firstly, according to the similarity between the spacecraft precession motion and the gyroscopic precession, as well as the definition of the “gyroscopic effect” of high-speed rotating bodies, the “gyroscopic effect” generated during the non-Keplerian motion of spacecraft around the earth was defined. Then, taking a continuous radial thrust orbit as an example, the dynamics equations of spacecraft under the influence of gyroscopic effect were deduced. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the trajectory of spacecraft under the influence of the gyroscopic effect generated during non-Keplerian motion was investigated. Finally, the paper simulated the examples and tested the performance of the proposed method. Simulation results show that a large gyroscopic moment may be generated in some non-Keplerian motion of the spacecraft. The greater the rotational angular velocity of the orbital plane, the greater the gyroscopic moment. Due to the gyroscopic effect, there is a significant deviation in the orbit and the orbital elements compared to those without considering the gyroscopic effect, which indicates that the influence of the gyroscopic effect generated during non-Keplerian motion on the orbit of the spacecraft cannot be ignored. It can be seen from the simulation results that the gyroscopic effect has a significant influence on the trajectory of spacecraft. In some special cases, the gyroscopic effect can be utilized reasonably to save fuel and realize low-energy orbit maneuver control technology in actual space missions; but the control should be considered for the spacecraft to bring it back to the desired orbit in most cases. It is necessary to study the trajectory of spacecraft under the influence of gyroscopic effect. The method and conclusions proposed can provide a theoretical reference for spacecraft trajectory prediction and future large-scale fast orbital maneuvers to meet the needs of complex space operations.
Fault Detection Methods for Electric Power Steering System Using Hardware in the Loop Simulation
Authors: Pietrowski Wojciech , Puskarczyk Magdalena , Szymenderski Jan
Published: July 2024

The development of the automotive industry is associated with the rapid advancement of onboard systems. In addition, intensive development in the electronics and control systems industry has resulted in a change in the approach to the issue of assistance systems in vehicles. Classic hydraulic systems have been almost completely replaced by modern electric power steering (EPS) systems, especially in citizen vehicles. This paper focuses on fault detection algorithms for EPS, along with the available tools to aid development and verification. The article discusses in detail the current state of knowledge in this area. The principle of operation of the EPS system and the influence of the structure of the mechanical system on its operation, in particular the characteristics of the ground–tire contact, are presented. Various error identification methods are presented, including those based mainly on a combination of tests of real objects as well as those combined with modern hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) equipment and virtual vehicle environment software, enabling the development of new diagnostic methods, enhancing the security, reliability, and energy control in the vehicle. A review of the literature indicates that although many algorithms which enable fault detection at an early stage are described, their potential for use in a vehicle is highly limited. The reason lies in simplifications, including models and the operating EPS temperature range. The most frequently used simplification of the model is its linearization, which significantly reduces the calculation time; however, this significantly reduces the accuracy of the model, especially in cases with a large range of system operation. The need for methods to detect incipient faults is important for the safety and reliability of the entire car, not only during regular use but also especially during life-saving evasive maneuvers.
Revisiting Lorenz’s Error Growth Models: Insights and Applications
Authors: Shen Bo-Wen
Published: July 2024

This entry examines Lorenz’s error growth models with quadratic and cubic hypotheses, highlighting their mathematical connections to the non-dissipative Lorenz 1963 model. The quadratic error growth model is the logistic ordinary differential equation (ODE) with a quadratic nonlinear term, while the cubic model is derived by replacing the quadratic term with a cubic one. A variable transformation shows that the cubic model can be converted to the same form as the logistic ODE. The relationship between the continuous logistic ODE and its discrete version, the logistic map, illustrates chaotic behaviors, demonstrating computational chaos with large time steps. A variant of the logistic ODE is proposed to show how finite predictability horizons can be determined, emphasizing the continuous dependence on initial conditions (CDIC) related to stable and unstable asymptotic values. This review also presents the mathematical relationship between the logistic ODE and the non-dissipative Lorenz 1963 model.