bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces isolated from house dust samples collected around the world
Authors: Visagie C.M. , Hirooka Y. , Tanney J.B. , Whitfield E. , Mwange K. , Meijer M. , Amend A.S. , Seifert K.A. , Samson R.A.
Published: September 2014

As part of a worldwide survey of the indoor mycobiota, dust was collected from nine countries. Analyses of dust samples included the culture-dependent dilution-to-extinction method and the culture-independent 454-pyrosequencing. Of the 7 904 isolates, 2 717 isolates were
identified as belonging to Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces. The aim of this study was to identify isolates to species level and describe the new species found. Secondly, we wanted to create a reliable reference sequence database to be used for next-generation
sequencing projects. Isolates represented 59 Aspergillus species, including eight undescribed species, 49 Penicillium species of which seven were undescribed and 18 Talaromyces species including three described here as new. In total, 568 ITS barcodes were generated, and
391 β-tubulin and 507 calmodulin sequences, which serve as alternative identification markers.
Maternal dietary betaine supplementation modifies hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolic genes via epigenetic mechanisms in newborn piglets
Authors: Cai Demin , Jia Yimin , Lu Jingyu , Yuan Mengjie , Sui Shiyan , Song Haogang , Zhao Ruqian
Published: September 2014

To elucidate the effects of maternal dietary betaine supplementation on hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolic genes in newborn piglets and the involved epigenetic mechanisms, we fed gestational sows with control or betaine-supplemented diets (3 g/kg) throughout pregnancy. Neonatal piglets born to betaine-supplemented sows had higher serum methionine concentration and hepatic content of betaine, which was associated with significantly up-regulated hepatic expression of glycineN-methyltransferase. Prenatal betaine exposure increased hepatic cholesterol content and modified the hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolic genes in neonatal piglets. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 was down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels, while 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR)was down-regulated at the mRNA level, but up-regulated at the protein level, in betaine-exposed piglets. The transcriptional repression ofHMGCRwas associated with CpG island hypermethylation and higher repressive histone mark H3K27me3 (histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation) on the promoter, whereas increased HMGCR protein content was associated with significantly decreased expression of miR-497. Furthermore, LDL receptor was significantly down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels in the liver of betaine-exposed piglets, which was associated with promoter CpG hypermethylation. In addition, the expression of cholesterol-27α-hydroxylase (CYP27α1) was up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels, while the expression of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7α1) was increased at the mRNA level, but unchanged at the protein level associated with increased expression of miR-181. These results indicate that maternal betaine supplementation increases hepatic cholesterol content in neonatal piglets through epigenetic regulations of cholesterol metabolic genes, which involve alterations in DNA and histone methylation and in the expression of microRNA targeting these genes.
LET'S WORK TOGETHER! ECONOMIC COOPERATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND CHANCES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY IN CLASSICAL ATHENS
Authors: Deene Marloes
Published: September 2014

In the early fourth centurybc, a slave of possibly Phoenician origin, called Pasion, was owned by the Athenian bankers Antisthenes and Archestratos (Dem. 36.43). During the course of his slavery, Pasion quickly rose to become the trusted manager of his owners' money-changing and banking firm in Piraeus. After having been manumitted (Dem. 36.48), he took over the running of this bank (Isocr. 17,passim), became a very successful banker, and established a shield factory. His businesses prospered to the extent that by the time of his death in 370/369 he had assembled a fortune estimated at around 70 talents. With this money, Pasion made a number of generous benefactions to the Athenians, as a reward for which the Athenians passed a decree in his favour granting him a gold crown and the right of citizenship to him and his descendants ([Dem.] 59.2). As soon as he received his grant of citizenship, Pasion started to make use of his citizen rights and invested in real property. Although he was probably never actively involved in politics, he is known to have been a close friend of several members of the political elite, such as Agyrrhius of Collyte (Isocr. 17.31) and Callistratus of Aphnida (Dem. 49.47). Moreover, he had dealings with important public figures, such as Timotheus, son of Conon (Dem. 49,passim).
SACRED PLUNDER AND THE SELEUCID NEAR EAST
Authors: Taylor Michael J.
Published: September 2014

The Seleucid Empire was the largest and most ethnically diverse of all the successor kingdoms formed after the death of Alexander the Great. The relationship between the Macedonian dynasty and various subject peoples is therefore a central question of Seleucid historiography. This article focuses on the relations between king and native temples, arguing that temple despoliation was standard procedure for Seleucid rulers facing fiscal problems. I explore various instances in which Seleucid kings removed treasures from native temples under coercive auspices, suggesting that this pattern problematizes recent scholarship emphasizing positive relations between Seleucid kings and native priestly elites.
Metazoan parasites in the head region of the bullet tuna Auxisrochei (Osteichthyes: Scombridae) from the western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mele S. , Saber S. , Gómez-Vives M.J. , Garippa G. , Alemany F. , Macías D. , Merella P.
Published: September 2014

The head region of 72 bullet tuna Auxis rochei from the western Mediterranean Sea (south-east Spain and the Strait of Gibraltar) was examined for parasites. Seven metazoan species were found in the fish from south-east Spain: three monogeneans, two trematodes and two copepods, whereas only three species were isolated in the fish from the Strait of Gibraltar. A comparison of the levels of infection of the parasites according to fish size in south-east Spain showed that the prevalence of Didymozoon auxis and the mean abundance of Allopseudaxine macrova were higher in the larger hosts (range of fork length = 38–44 cm) than in the smaller ones (33–37 cm). A comparison of the parasite infections according to geographical region showed that the mean abundances of Nematobothriinae gen. sp. and Caligus bonito were higher in fish from south-east Spain than in those from the Strait of Gibraltar. A comparison of the parasite fauna of A. rochei from the Mediterranean Sea with the published data on Auxis spp. from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans revealed the closest similarity between the Mediterranean A. rochei and the Atlantic A. thazard.
Malaria diagnostics: now and the future
Authors: CHIODINI PETER L.
Published: September 2014

Light microscopy of stained blood films is still the mainstay of malaria diagnosis in many regions, but its pre-eminence is threatened by accurate and sensitive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on immunochromatography which are now widely used in the field. In well-resourced regions, nucleic acid detection easily out performs microscopy and RDTs. This paper reviews the main in vitro methods for parasite detection and considers future trends in diagnostics, both for sophisticated laboratory settings and for field use.
Epidemiological review ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in humans and animals in Portugal
Authors: LOPES A. P. , DUBEY J. P. , DARDÉ M.-L. , CARDOSO L.
Published: September 2014

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis. However, data from Portugal are limited and a considerable part of the literature is in Portuguese. Currently, the rate of congenital infection in Portugal is unknown, and almost nothing is known of sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis. There is no recent general population-based serological survey ofToxoplasma gondiiin humans in Portugal. In addition, there is little information on genetic characteristics ofT. gondiiin animals and humans. In the present paper, we review prevalence, clinical spectrum and epidemiology ofT. gondiiin humans and animals in Portugal. This knowledge should be useful to biologists, public health workers, physicians and veterinarians.
The protozoan parasiteTrichomonas gallinaecauses adult and nestling mortality in a declining population of European Turtle Doves,Streptopelia turtur
Authors: STOCKDALE JENNIFER E. , DUNN JENNY C. , GOODMAN SIMON J. , MORRIS ANTONY J. , SHEEHAN DANAË K. , GRICE PHILIP V. , HAMER KEITH C.
Published: September 2014

Studies incorporating the ecology of clinical and sub-clinical disease in wild populations of conservation concern are rare. Here we examine sub-clinical infection byTrichomonas gallinaein a declining population of free-living European Turtle Doves and suggest caseous lesions cause mortality in adults and nestlings through subsequent starvation and/or suffocation. We found a 100% infection rate byT. gallinaein adult and nestling Turtle Doves (n = 25) and observed clinical signs in three adults and four nestlings (28%). Adults with clinical signs displayed no differences in any skeletal measures of size but had a mean 3·7% reduction in wing length, with no overlap compared to those without clinical signs. We also identifiedT. gallinaeas the suggested cause of mortality in one Red-legged Partridge although disease presentation was different. A minimum of four strains ofT. gallinae, characterized at the ITS/5·8S/ITS2 ribosomal region, were isolated from Turtle Doves. However, all birds with clinical signs (Turtle Doves and the Red-legged Partridge) carried a single strain ofT. gallinae, suggesting that parasite spill over between Columbidae and Galliformes is a possibility that should be further investigated. Overall, we highlight the importance of monitoring populations for sub-clinical infection rather than just clinical disease.
Population-based, multi-generational family clustering study of social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder
Authors: Isomura K. , Boman M. , Rück C. , Serlachius E. , Larsson H. , Lichtenstein P. , Mataix-Cols D.
Published: September 2014

Background

We aimed to provide unbiased estimates of familial risk and heritability of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and avoidant personality disorder (AVPD).

Method

We identified 18 399 individuals diagnosed with SAD and 2673 with AVPD in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1997 and 2009. Risks (odds ratios; OR) for SAD in all biological and non-biological relatives of probands, compared to relatives of unaffected individuals were calculated. We also estimated the risks for AVPD in relatives of probands with SAD.

Results

The risk for SAD among relatives of SAD probands increased proportionally to the degree of genetic relatedness. The risks for first-degree relatives [OR 4.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.28–5.25] were significantly higher than for second-degree and third-degree relatives. Second-degree relatives (OR 2.30, 95% CI 2.01–2.63) had significantly higher risk than third-degree relatives (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.52–1.94). Relatives at similar genetic distances had similar risks for SAD, despite different degrees of shared environment. Heritability was estimated to be approximately 56%. There were no significant sex differences in the familial patterns. The risk of AVPD in relatives of SAD probands was significantly elevated, even after excluding individuals with both diagnoses (first-degree OR 3.54, second-degree OR 2.20, third-degree OR 1.62). Non-biological relatives (spouses/partners) also had elevated risks for both SAD (OR 4.01) and AVPD (OR 3.85).

Conclusions

SAD clusters in families primarily due to genetic factors. SAD and AVPD are aetiologically related and may represent different expressions of the same vulnerability. The strong marital concordance observed in SAD/AVPD may indicate assortative mating but the exact mechanisms and implications require further investigation.
Bowel parasitosis and neuroendocrine tumours of the appendix. A report from the Italian TREP project
Authors: VIRGONE C. , CECCHETTO G. , BESUTTI V. , FERRARI A. , BUFFA P. , ALAGGIO R. , ALESSANDRINI L. , DALL'IGNA P.
Published: September 2014

Five children with a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of the appendix associated with a parasitic bowel infection are described, and the possibility of inflammation-triggered carcinogenesis is discussed. Schistosoma haematobium is linked primarily to bladder cancer but it has been reported in association with several other histotypes, including NETs of the gastrointestinal tract. Conversely, Enterobius vermicularis has not yet been claimed to participate in the onset of pre-cancerous conditions or tumours. The rare occurrence of contemporary appendiceal NETs and parasitic infection, raises the intriguing hypothesis of an inflammation-related carcinogenesis, although a cause–effect relationship cannot be established. Larger international series of childhood appendiceal NETs, which also include countries with higher prevalence of parasitic bowel infections, are needed to further clarify this possible cause–effect relationship.
Child-evoked maternal negativity from 9 to 27 months: Evidence of gene–environment correlation and its moderation by marital distress
Authors: Fearon R. M. Pasco , Reiss David , Leve Leslie D. , Shaw Daniel S. , Scaramella Laura V. , Ganiban Jody M. , Neiderhiser Jenae M.
Published: September 2014

Past research has documented pervasive genetic influences on emotional and behavioral disturbance across the life span and on liability to adult psychiatric disorder. Increasingly, interest is turning to mechanisms of gene–environment interplay in attempting to understand the earliest manifestations of genetic risk. We report findings from a prospective adoption study, which aimed to test the role of evocative gene–environment correlation in early development. Included in the study were 561 infants adopted at birth and studied between 9 and 27 months, along with their adoptive parents and birth mothers. Birth mother psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms scales were used as indicators of genetic influence, and multiple self-report measures were used to index adoptive mother parental negativity. We hypothesized that birth mother psychopathology would be associated with greater adoptive parent negativity and that such evocative effects would be amplified under conditions of high adoptive family adversity. The findings suggested that genetic factors associated with birth mother externalizing psychopathology may evoke negative reactions in adoptive mothers in the first year of life, but only when the adoptive family environment is characterized by marital problems. Maternal negativity mediated the effects of genetic risk on child adjustment at 27 months. The results underscore the importance of genetically influenced evocative processes in early development.
Very extensive nonmaternal care predicts mother–infant attachment disorganization: Convergent evidence from two samples
Authors: Hazen Nancy L. , Allen Sydnye D. , Christopher Caroline Heaton , Umemura Tomotaka , Jacobvitz Deborah B.
Published: September 2014

We examined whether a maximum threshold of time spent in nonmaternal care exists, beyond which infants have an increased risk of forming a disorganized infant–mother attachment. The hours per week infants spent in nonmaternal care at 7–8 months were examined as a continuous measure and as a dichotomous threshold (over 40, 50 and 60 hr/week) to predict infant disorganization at 12–15 months. Two different samples (Austin and NICHD) were used to replicate findings and control for critical covariates: mothers' unresolved status and frightening behavior (assessed in the Austin sample,N= 125), quality of nonmaternal caregiving (assessed in the NICHD sample,N= 1,135), and family income and infant temperament (assessed in both samples). Only very extensive hours of nonmaternal care (over 60 hr/week) and mothers' frightening behavior independently predicted attachment disorganization. A polynomial logistic regression performed on the larger NICHD sample indicated that the risk of disorganized attachment exponentially increased after exceeding 60 hr/week. In addition, very extensive hours of nonmaternal care only predicted attachment disorganization after age 6 months (not prior). Findings suggest that during a sensitive period of attachment formation, infants who spend more than 60 hr/week in nonmaternal care may be at an increased risk of forming a disorganized attachment.
Co-development of early adolescent alcohol use and depressive feelings: The role of the mu-opioid receptor A118G polymorphism
Authors: Kleinjan Marloes , Rozing Mayke , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Verhagen Maaike
Published: September 2014

Alcohol use and depressive feelings are often related among early adolescents. However, the nature and underlying mechanisms of this association are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the co-development of alcohol use and depressive feelings over time and to examine the effects of the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G genotype on such co-development. Data from a five-wave longitudinal, genetically informed survey study, with intervals of 4 months among a group of 739 normative early adolescents (12–13 years of age at baseline), were analyzed using a dual latent growth curve approach.OPRM1status was evaluated from saliva-derived DNA samples. The results indicated a positive association between alcohol use and depressive feelings both at the initial levels and over time, indicating co-development in early adolescence. Compared toOPRM1118G carriers, homozygous 118A carriers showed a greater increase in frequency of alcohol use and higher levels of depressive feelings over time. Evidence for co-development was only found within the group of homozygous 118A carriers, whereas inOPRM1118G carriers the development of alcohol use and depressive feelings over time were not significantly associated. These results highlight the potential ofOPRM1as a common etiological factor for the development of alcohol use and depressive feelings in early adolescence.
Structural analysis of embryogenesis ofLeiarius marmoratus(Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
Authors: Oliveira-Almeida Isângela Rodrigues , Buzollo Hellen , Costa Raphael da Silva , Veríssimo-Silveira Rosicleire , Porto-Foresti Fábio , Ninhaus-Silveira Alexandre
Published: September 2014

Embryological studies in fish species are useful to the understanding of their biology and systematics. The available biological data inLeiarius marmoratusare scarce and additional information about its reproductive biology is needed, mainly because this species has been commercially exploited and used in production of hybrid lineages. In order to evaluate the temporal–morphological embryonic modifications inL. marmoratus, samples of nearly 200 embryos were collected at random at different stages of development, starting from fecundation (time zero). Embryos were fixed in modified Karnovsk's solution and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed and analysed under optic and electron microscopy. The incubation period ofL. marmoratuswas equal to 14.42 h at a mean temperature of 28.3 ± 0.07°C. The following stages of embryonic development were established: zygote, cleavage, gastrula, organogenesis and hatching. These stages were divided into phases, as follows: cleavage – phases of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 cells and morula; gastrula – phases of 25, 50, 75 and 90% of epiboly and blastopore closure; and organogenesis – neurula, segmentation and pre-larval phases. The embryogenesis ofL. marmoratuswas typical of neotropical teleosteans, with peculiarities in species development.
Psychosocial responses of parents to their infant’s diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Cantwell-Bartl Annie M. , Tibballs James
Published: September 2014

Objective:To evaluate the psychosocial status of mothers and fathers in response to their infant’s diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.Design:A study on interviews with parents whose children had survived staged surgery.Setting:Tertiary hospital paediatric ICU.Subjects:A total of 29 parents (16 mothers and 13 fathers) of surviving children.Intervention: A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted to explore experiences of parents in response to their infant’s diagnosis, their interaction with the doctor delivering the diagnosis, their deliberation about staged surgery, and their reasons for this choice.Measurement and Main Results: All parents were devastated about their infant’s diagnosis, and most (83%) of them said that the time of the diagnosis and the aftermath was the worst time of their lives. Parents reported helpful and unhelpful communication at this time. Although all parents in this study chose surgery for their infant, when faced with the choice, 17 of them made an immediate decision “to protect their infant’s life”, 8 were initially unsure when their infant was diagnosed in utero, and 4 were unsure when the infant was diagnosed after birth. Parents also experienced loss and other stressors.Conclusions:All parents of the infants diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome experienced intense loss and stressors. Physicians need to be sensitive to the needs and thinking of the parents when discussing treatment options before surgery. The nature of the relationship with the doctor at this time can support parents or be a further source of stress.
Ultrasound assessment of mesenteric blood flow in neonates with hypoplastic left heart before and after hybrid palliation
Authors: Cozzi Corin T. , Galantowicz Mark , Cheatham John P. , Nicholson Lisa , Fernandez Richard , Backes Carl H. , McCaw Carrie , Cua Clifford L.
Published: September 2014

Background: Altered mesenteric perfusion may be a contributor to the development of necrotising enterocolitis in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The goal of this study was to document mesenteric flow patterns in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome pre- and post-hybrid procedure. Methods: A prospective study on all patients with hypoplatic left heart syndrome undergoing the hybrid procedure was conducted. Doppler ultrasound analysis of the coeliac and superior mesenteric artery was performed. Results: A total of 13 patients were evaluated. There was a significant difference in the coeliac artery effective velocity-time intergral pre- and post-hybrid procedure (8.69±3.84 versus 12.51±4.95 cm, respectively). There were significant differences in the superior mesenteric artery antegrade velocity-time integral pre- and post-hybrid procedure (6.86±2.45 versus 10.52±2.64 cm, respectively) and superior mesenteric artery effective velocity-time integral pre- and post-hybrid procedure (6.22±2.68 versus 9.73±2.73 cm, respectively). There were no significant differences between the coeliac and superior mesenteric artery Doppler indices in the pre-hybrid procedure; there were, however, significant differences in the post-hybrid procedure between coeliac and superior mesenteric artery antegrade velocity-time integral (13.8 2±5.60 versus 10.52±2.64 cm, respectively) and effective velocity-time integral (13.04±4.71 versus 9.73±2.73 cm, respectively). Conclusion: Doppler mesenteric indices of perfusion improve in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after the hybrid procedure; however, there appears to be preferential flow to the coeliac artery versus the superior mesenteric artery in these patients post-procedure.
Genetic diversity and population structure in a rice drought stress panel
Authors: Tabanao Dindo A. , Pocsedio Arnel E. , Yabes Jonalyn C. , Niño Marjohn C. , Millas Reneth A. , Sevilla Neah Rosandra L. , Yulong Xiao , Yu Jianming
Published: September 2014

A drought stress panel composed of diverse accessions selected from upland, aerobic, rainfed lowland and irrigated lowland environments, was assembled to serve as germplasm for aerobic adaptation breeding. Aerobic rice requires significant levels of tolerance to drought stress due to intermittent water deficit and high soil impedance caused by aerobic conditions. Genomic information may be utilized to investigate the nature of the panel to guide varietal improvement. Using 153 simple sequence repeat and 384 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, the aim of the study was to compare the allelic properties of the two marker types, infer population structure of the panel, and estimate kinship among the accessions. There was a general agreement between the results derived from the two marker types. Marker alleles were found to occur at low frequencies, as the panel was composed mostly of improved accessions with some landraces. The panel clustered intojaponica(JA),aus(AU), upland-adaptedindica(UL) and lowland-adaptedindica(LL) subpopulations. The AU and JA subpopulations were more divergent from the rest of the subpopulations than were the LL and UL subpopulations. Average marker-based kinship for related accessions was less than 0.20, indicating a low degree of genetic relatedness in the panel. Within the LL and UL subpopulations, the low levels of kinship imply that there is still much genetic gain to be expected from utilizing the accessions in breeding. Thus, an understanding of the genetic variation in the panel suggests focusing on improving the mean in the short term, and tapping into the exotic alleles from the AU and JA subpopulations when genetic gain declines.
Ytterbium-doped fiber laser passively mode locked by few-layer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) saturable absorber functioned with evanescent field interaction
Authors: Du Juan , Wang Qingkai , Jiang Guobao , Xu Changwen , Zhao Chujun , Xiang Yuanjiang , Chen Yu , Wen Shuangchun , Zhang Han
Published: September 2014

By coupling few-layer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) with fiber-taper evanescent light field, a new type of MoS2 based nonlinear optical modulating element had been successfully fabricated as a two-dimensional layered saturable absorber with strong light-matter interaction. This MoS2-taper-fiber device is not only capable of passively mode-locking an all-normal-dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser and enduring high power laser excitation (up to 1 W), but also functions as a polarization sensitive optical modulating component (that is, different polarized light can induce different nonlinear optical response). Thanks to the combined advantages from the strong nonlinear optical response in MoS2 together with the sufficiently-long-range interaction between light and MoS2, this device allows for the generation of high power stable dissipative solitons at 1042.6 nm with pulse duration of 656 ps and a repetition rate of 6.74 MHz at a pump power of 210 mW. Our work may also constitute the first example of MoS2-enabled wave-guiding photonic device and potentially give some new insights into two-dimensional layered materials related photonics.
GSAASeqSP: A Toolset for Gene Set Association Analysis of RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Xiong Qing , Mukherjee Sayan , Furey Terrence S.
Published: September 2014

RNA-Seq is quickly becoming the preferred method for comprehensively characterizing whole transcriptome activity and the analysis of count data from RNA-Seq requires new computational tools. We developed GSAASeqSP, a novel toolset for genome-wide gene set association analysis of sequence count data. This toolset offers a variety of statistical procedures via combinations of multiple gene-level and gene set-level statistics, each having their own strengths under different sample and experimental conditions. These methods can be employed independently, or results generated from multiple or all methods can be integrated to determine more robust profiles of significantly altered biological pathways. Using simulations, we demonstrate the ability of these methods to identify association signals and to measure the strength of the association. We show that GSAASeqSP analyses of RNA-Seq data from diverse tissue samples provide meaningful insights into the biological mechanisms that differentiate these samples. GSAASeqSP is a powerful platform for investigating molecular underpinnings of complex traits and diseases arising from differential activity within the biological pathways. GSAASeqSP is available at http://gsaa.unc.edu.
Sustained delivery of bioactive neurotrophin-3 to the injured spinal cord
Authors: Elliott Donaghue Irja , Tator Charles H. , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: September 2014

The sustained release of neurotrophin-3 from a nanoparticle/hydrogel composite resulted in functional and tissue benefit after compressive spinal cord injury.
Efficient Mukaiyama aldol reaction in water with TiO4 tetrahedra on a hydrophobic mesoporous silica surface
Authors: Shintaku Hiroshi , Nakajima Kiyotaka , Kitano Masaaki , Hara Michikazu
Published: September 2014

A new heterogeneous catalyst, hydrophobic TiO4-deposited mesoporous silica, exhibited high catalytic performance as a reusable catalyst for the Mukaiyama-aldol condensation in water without a surfactant.
Seaurchin-like hierarchical NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core–shell nanomaterials for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Deng Yanghua , Hu Zhonghua , Liu Yafei , Yao Mingming , Liu Peipei
Published: September 2014

A seaurchin-like NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core–shell structure, which exhibits excellent electrochemical performances was first synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal method.
On subthreshold ionization of helium droplets, ejection of He+, and the role of anions
Authors: Renzler Michael , Daxner Matthias , Weinberger Nikolaus , Denifl Stephan , Scheier Paul , Echt Olof
Published: September 2014

How are atomic helium cations formed from helium nanodroplets at sub-threshold electron energies? Surprisingly, metastable helium anions play a crucial role.
New insights into secondary organic aerosol from the ozonolysis of α-pinene from combined infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry measurements
Authors: Kidd Carla , Perraud Véronique , Finlayson-Pitts Barbara J.
Published: September 2014

Thermograms of desorbing species from size-fractionated SOA.
Preparation of bio-based surfactants from glycerol and dodecanol by direct etherification
Authors: Fan Zhaoyu , Zhao Yan , Preda Florentina , Clacens Jean-Marc , Shi Hui , Wang Limin , Feng Xiaoshuang , De Campo Floryan
Published: September 2014

A new strategy for biobased surfactant preparation by the Pickering interfacial catalytic process of glycerol and dodecanol with a bi-functional catalyst.
Xylose yields and relationship to combined severity for dilute acid post-hydrolysis of xylooligomers from hydrothermal pretreatment of corn stover
Authors: Zhang Taiying , Kumar Rajeev , Tsai Yueh-Du , Elander Richard T. , Wyman Charles E.
Published: September 2014

A simple and efficient process was developed for near theoretical conversion of xylooligomers (XOs), and a modified combined severity parameter (CSP) was proposed to relate severity with XOs breakdown to xylose.
Palladium-heterogenized porous polyimide materials as effective and recyclable catalysts for reactions in water
Authors: Rangel Rangel E. , Maya E. M. , Sánchez F. , de la Campa J. G. , Iglesias M.
Published: September 2014

Functionalized porous polyimides were used as supports for palladium complexes leading to efficient catalysts for the Suzuki cross-coupling of water.
Improvement of analytical performance in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry without compromising robustness using an infrared-heated sample introduction system with a pneumatic nebulizer
Authors: Makonnen Yoseif , Burgener John , Beauchemin Diane
Published: September 2014

Infrared-heating the spray chamber and bottom of the torch significantly improves sensitivity and detection limit for 38 elements, as well as robustness, resulting in a Mg II 280.270 nm/Mg I 285.213 nm line intensity ratio of 13.
Predicting protein–protein interactions between human and hepatitis C virus via an ensemble learning method
Authors: Emamjomeh Abbasali , Goliaei Bahram , Zahiri Javad , Ebrahimpour Reza
Published: September 2014

We developed a novel method to predict human–HCV protein–protein interactions, the most comprehensive study of this type.
Evolution of the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity systems in prokaryotes: models and observations on virus–host coevolution
Authors: Koonin Eugene V. , Wolf Yuri I.
Published: September 2014

Mathematical modeling of the coevolution of CRISPR-Cas, the prokaryotic heritable adaptive immunity system, with viruses yields many non-trivial, testable predictions.
Evidence of oriented attachment in the growth of functionalized ZnTe nanoparticles for potential applications in bio-imaging
Authors: Dunpall Rekha , Mlowe Sixberth , Revaprasadu Neerish
Published: September 2014

Cysteine capped ZnTe nanoparticles have been synthesized using a simple solution based route. The growth mechanism of the particles under certain reaction conditions suggests an oriented attachment mechanism. The particles show potential for bio imaging applications.
Anti-hepatitis B virus activities and absolute configurations of sesquiterpenoid glycosides from Phyllanthus emblica
Authors: Lv Jun-Jiang , Wang Ya-Feng , Zhang Jing-Min , Yu Shan , Wang Dong , Zhu Hong-Tao , Cheng Rong-Rong , Yang Chong-Ren , Xu Min , Zhang Ying-Jun
Published: September 2014

The sesquiterpenoid glycoside dimers isolated from Phyllanthus emblica have anti-HBV activities towards HBsAg and HBeAg secretions inhibition.
Synthesis, polymorphism, and electronic structures of Sr3Sn2As4
Authors: Liu Xiao-Cun , Pan Ming-Yan , Li Xin , Xia Sheng-Qing , Tao Xu-Tang
Published: September 2014

Crystal structures of the two polymorphs of Sr3Sn2As4.
Coulomb explosion and dissociative ionization of 1,2-dibromoethane under an intense femtosecond laser field
Authors: Wu Hua , Zhang Shian , Yang Yan , Sun Shengzhi , Zhang Jian , Deng Li , Jia Tianqing , Wang Zugeng , Sun Zhenrong
Published: September 2014

Coulomb explosion and dissociative ionization of 1,2-dibromoethane are experimentally investigated in a near-infrared (800 nm) femtosecond laser field by dc-slice imaging technology.
Solid-state synthesis of SnO2–graphene nanocomposite for photocatalysis and formaldehyde gas sensing
Authors: Cao Yali , Li Yizhao , Jia Dianzeng , Xie Jing
Published: September 2014

SnO2–graphene nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity and gas sensing performance has been synthesized by solid-state chemical reaction in one-pot process.
Graphene oxide/polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium nanocomposite hydrogel with enhanced mechanical strength: preparation, characterization and the swelling behavior
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Zhai Dandan , He Yang
Published: September 2014

A ternary GO/PAM/CMC nanocomposite hydrogel was fabricated by introducing GO into PAM/CMC hydrogels followed by ionically crosslinking of Al3+. The compressive strength of the ternary hydrogel was dramatically enhanced with the incorporation of only 1.6 wt% GO sheets.
Electron transport enhanced by electrode surface reconstruction: a case study of C60-based molecular junctions
Authors: Wu Q. Q. , Zheng X. H. , Shi X. Q. , Lan J. , Hao H. , Zeng Z.
Published: September 2014

At the C60–Cu(111) interface, electrode surface reconstruction (Rec) increases electrical current compared to that for the unreconstructed (Unrec) surface.
Preparation of tungsten carbide nanosheets with large surface area using an in situ DWCNT template
Authors: Wu Zi Ping , Zhao Man , Hu Jing Wei , Zhang Wei Bo , Yin Yan Hong , Hu Ying Yan , Li Ye Sheng , Yang Jian Gao , Xu Qian Feng , Krishamurthy Ajay
Published: September 2014

H2WO4 sheets approximately 50 nm long and 20 nm wide were prepared using a DWCNT template, and WC nanosheets with large surface areas were obtained when the H2WO4 was carbonized at a low temperature using a liquid carbon source.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with a thin carbon layer for use as composite electrodes in supercapacitors
Authors: Kim Sung-Kon , Park Ho Seok
Published: September 2014

A sucrose-derived thin carbon layer (CS) is coated onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting composite electrode (CSN) has a larger capacitance than that of the MWCNTs and the CS.
Cu(ii) anchored nitrogen-rich covalent imine network (CuII-CIN-1): an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of organoselenides from aryl boronic acids in a green solvent
Authors: Roy Susmita , Chatterjee Tanmay , Banerjee Biplab , Salam Noor , Bhaumik Asim , Islam Sk Manirul
Published: September 2014

A Cu(ii)-grafted covalent imine framework material has been designed, which catalyzes the C–Se cross-coupling reactions to obtain a library of organoselenides.
Systematic investigation of quinoxaline derivatization of sialic acids and their quantitation applicability using high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Libo , Wang Dan , Zhou Xiang , Wu Lijun , Sun Xue-Long
Published: September 2014

Quinoxaline derivatization has been the most commonly used approach for sialic acid quantitation of biological samples and glycoproteins by either HPLC or LC-MS/MS.
Copper-catalyzed cyanoalkylarylation of activated alkenes with AIBN: a convenient and efficient approach to cyano-containing oxindoles
Authors: Wei Wei , Wen Jiangwei , Yang Daoshan , Guo Mengyuan , Tian Laijin , You Jinmao , Wang Hua
Published: September 2014

A novel, simple, and cost-effective protocol has been developed for the construction of cyano-containing oxindoles by copper-catalyzed direct cyanoalkylarylation of activated alkenes with AIBN.
Ammonolysis of anilides promoted by ethylene glycol and phosphoric acid
Authors: Stephenson Nickeisha A. , Gellman Samuel H. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: September 2014

Anilides undergo phosphoric acid-promoted ammonolysis to primary amides in a diol solvent, such as ethylene glycol.
Self-assembling morphologies of symmetrical PS-b-PMMA in different sized confining grooves
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Luo Jun , Shi Peixiong , Li Chunlong , He Xiaobin , Hong Peizhen , Li Junfeng , Zhao Chao
Published: September 2014

Directed self-assembly (DSA), an emerging lithographic technique, has attracted increasing attention as a result of its advantages of low cost, high throughput and convenient processing.
An aqueous molecular tube with polyaromatic frameworks capable of binding fluorescent dyes
Authors: Hagiwara Keita , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: September 2014

An aqueous polyaromatic tube binds two molecules of fluorescent dyes in water and the bound dye dimers exhibit unusual excimer-like emissions through efficient host–guest energy transfer.
One-step synthesis of mesoporous MnO2/carbon sphere composites for asymmetric electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Wang Guoxiang , Xu Hongfeng , Lu Lu , Zhao Hong
Published: September 2014

Mesoporous MnO2/C composites were synthesised using an easy one-step hydrothermal approach without any catalysts or templates using the carbon from carbonization of glucose without any active pretreatment.
Titanium carbide and carbonitride electrocatalyst supports: modifying Pt–Ti interface properties by electrochemical potential cycling
Authors: Roca-Ayats M. , García G. , Peña M. A. , Martínez-Huerta M. V.
Published: September 2014

An enhanced catalytic activity towards the CO and methanol electrooxidation on TiC and TiCN materials, induced by surface oxides at the Pt/support interface, is reported.
Facile fabrication of stable monolayer and few-layer graphene nanosheets as superior sorbents for persistent aromatic pollutant management in water
Authors: Yang Kaijie , Wang Jun , Chen Baoliang
Published: September 2014

A facile method was employed to prepare stable monolayer and few-layer graphene (ASG) nanosheets by loading on nanosilica substrates.
Air-processed inverted organic solar cells utilizing a 2-aminoethanol-stabilized ZnO nanoparticle electron transport layer that requires no thermal annealing
Authors: Jeon Il , Ryan James W. , Nakazaki Tafu , Yeo Kee Sheng , Negishi Yuichi , Matsuo Yutaka
Published: September 2014

Inverted organic solar cells using ZnO electron transport layers, that require no thermal annealing, are demonstrated using ZnO nanoparticles synthesized in 2-aminoethanol, which acts as both the solvent and stabilizing ligand
The coupled effect of oxygen vacancies and Pt on the photoelectric response of tungsten trioxide films
Authors: Yang Chaoqun , Zhu Qiang , Lei Tao , Li Huayao , Xie Changsheng
Published: September 2014

The coupled effect of Pt and oxygen vacancies makes Pt-H-WO3 show excellent sensitivity to formaldehyde in light or in the dark.
Epitaxial growth of GaN films on unconventional oxide substrates
Authors: Wang Wenliang , Yang Weijia , Wang Haiyan , Li Guoqiang
Published: September 2014

The unconventional oxide substrates have been used for the growth of high-quality GaN films due to their relatively small lattice and thermal expansion coefficient mismatches with GaN. This review focuses on the recent progress and discusses the perspectives of the epitaxial growth of GaN films on unconventional oxide substrates.
Columnar discotic Pt(ii) metallomesogens as luminescence multifunctional materials with chemo and thermosensor abilities
Authors: Cuerva Cristián , Campo José A. , Ovejero Paloma , Torres M. Rosario , Oliveira Elisabete , Santos Sérgio M. , Lodeiro Carlos , Cano Mercedes
Published: September 2014

A new family of Pt(ii) luminescent metallomesogens based on dicatenar pyridylpyrazolate ligands [Pt(pzR(n,n)py)2] (R(n,n) = C6H3(OCnH2n+1)2,n= 4–18) has been prepared, and their mesomorphic and photophysical properties are described.
Content Coverage of Single-Word Tests Used to Assess Common Phonological Error Patterns
Authors: Kirk Cecilia , Vigeland Laura
Published: September 2014

Purpose

This review evaluated whether 9 single-word tests of phonological error patterns provide adequate content coverage to accurately identify error patterns that are active in a child's speech.

Method

Tests in the current study were considered to display sufficient opportunities to assess common phonological error patterns if they provided at least 4 opportunities for each of 11 error patterns. The target phonemes for these error patterns had to occur as singletons (except for final consonant deletion and cluster reduction) and in stressed syllables (except for weak syllable deletion). Error patterns for which positional asymmetries have been documented (velar fronting, stopping of fricatives and affricates, and cluster reduction) required 4 opportunities in both word-initial and word-final position to meet the study's criterion.

Results

None of the tests provided 4 opportunities for every error pattern, the criterion level used in this study. Error patterns that tended to be underrepresented across tests included weak syllable deletion, reduction of word-final clusters, fronting of velars, gliding of liquids, and deaffrication.

Conclusion

This review will allow clinicians to gain a deeper understanding of the methods used to assess phonological error patterns in single-word tests.
The Disfluent Speech of Bilingual Spanish–English Children: Considerations for Differential Diagnosis of Stuttering
Authors: Byrd Courtney T. , Bedore Lisa M. , Ramos Daniel
Published: September 2014

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and types of speech disfluencies that are produced by bilingual Spanish–English (SE) speaking children who do not stutter. The secondary purpose was to determine whether their disfluent speech is mediated by language dominance and/or language produced.

Method

Spanish and English narratives (a retell and a tell in each language) were elicited and analyzed relative to the frequency and types of speech disfluencies produced. These data were compared with the monolingual English-speaking guidelines for differential diagnosis of stuttering.

Results

The mean frequency of stuttering-like speech behaviors in the bilingual SE participants ranged from 3% to 22%, exceeding the monolingual English standard of 3 per 100 words. There was no significant frequency difference in stuttering-like or non-stuttering-like speech disfluency produced relative to the child's language dominance. There was a significant difference relative to the language the child was speaking; all children produced significantly more stuttering-like speech disfluencies in Spanish than in English.

Conclusion

Results demonstrate that the disfluent speech of bilingual SE children should be carefully considered relative to the complex nature of bilingualism.
Information theoretical performance limits of single‐carrier underwater acoustic systems
Authors: Nouri Hatef , Uysal Murat , Panayirci Erdal , Senol Habib
Published: September 2014

In this study, the authors investigate the information theoretical limits on the performance of point‐to‐point single‐carrier acoustic systems over frequency‐selective underwater channels with intersymbol interference. Under the assumptions of sparse and frequency‐selective Rician fading channel and non‐white correlated Gaussian ambient noise, the authors derive an expression for channel capacity and demonstrate the dependency on channel parameters such as the number, location and power delay profile of significant taps, as well as environmental parameters such as distance, temperature, salinity, pressure and depth. Then, the authors use this expression to determine the optimal carrier frequency, input signalling and bandwidth for capacity maximisation.
Low complexity list successive cancellation decoding of polar codes
Authors: Cao Congzhe , Fei Zesong , Yuan Jinhong , Kuang Jingming
Published: September 2014

The authors propose a low complexity list successive cancellation (LCLSC) decoding algorithm, where the advantages of the successive cancellation (SC) decoding and the list successive cancellation (LSC) decoding are both considered. In the proposed decoding, SC decoding instead of LSC decoding is implemented when all information bits from bad subchannels are received reliably. While the reliability of each information bit is estimated by its likelihood ratio (LR), the bit channel quality is measured via its Bhattacharyya parameter. To achieve this goal, the authors introduce two thresholds: LR threshold and Bhattacharyya parameter threshold. Also, the methods to determine them are both elaborated. The numerical results suggest that the complexity of LCLSC decoding is much lower than LSC decoding and can be close to that of SC decoding, while the error performance is almost equal to that of LSC decoding. Especially, when the code rate is in low region, the advantage of our decoding is more obvious.
Modulated photocurrent experiments-comparison of different data treatments
Authors: Luckas Jennifer , Longeaud Christophe , Siebentritt Susanne
Published: September 2014

Modulated Photocurrent experiments provide a powerful tool to characterize localized defect states within the band gap of semiconductors. However, in recent years, different data analysis methods have been established. The method proposed by Herberholz et al. identify defect positions and attempt-to-escape frequencies considering the phase shift between excitation flux and measured photo current only. In contrast, Brüggemann et al. propose to use phase shift and amplitude of the modulated photo current to resolve an energy dependent density of trap states. This work compares both analysing procedures. We demonstrate that for simple and dominant defects, such as acceptor or donor like monovalent traps, both methods give equivalent results. However, the Herberholz method fails for more complex defect arrangements as exemplified on hydrogenated amorphous silicon or polycrystalline CuInSe2.