bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold Snare Polypectomy in Pediatric Polyposis: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Friesen Hunter J. , Attard Thomas M. , Liman Andrew Y. J. , Yasui Osamu W. , Walsh Catharine M. , Gugig Roberto , Barakat Monique T.
Published: February 2025

Background: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a well-established and recommended technique in adult gastroenterology for the safe, efficient and complete removal of nonpedunculated lesions up to 10 mm, with piecemeal excision possible for larger lesions. However, the application of CSP in pediatric patients remains underexplored. This study summarizes a multicenter experience of CSP in pediatric polyposis patients, focusing on safety, efficacy and clinical outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at two pediatric tertiary centers, encompassing patients aged 1 to 21 years with polyposis who underwent colonoscopy with CSP and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) between January 2022 and January 2023. Patient demographics, procedure characteristics, polyp details and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 477 CSPs were performed in 63 colonoscopies. Satisfactory bowel preparation was noted in 79% of procedures, with a pooled mean procedure duration of 52 min and cecal intubation achieved in 98%. Polyps resected by CSP ranged from 3 to 70 mm in size and were predominantly left-sided. Tissue retrieval was complete in 94% of cases and partial in 5%. Mild intraprocedural bleeding occurred in 25% of CSP cases, requiring endoclip placement in 19%, with no post-procedural bleeding or significant complications observed. Comparatively, CSP demonstrated favorable bleeding rates relative to HSP. At two-week follow-up, four patients required emergency evaluation for unrelated complaints, but with no adverse events attributed to CSP. Conclusions: CSP is a safe and effective technique for the removal of sessile polyps in pediatric patients with polyposis. Mild intraprocedural bleeding, when observed, was effectively managed with standard hemostatic techniques. These findings support the potential of CSP as a preferred modality for sessile polyp removal in pediatric patients, though further research is warranted to define its role across broader pediatric populations and practice settings.
Composite Treatment of Mortar Through Nano-Ion-Based Capillary Crystalline and Silane Hydrophobic Processing to Enhance Its Corrosion Resistance in the Cl−-Contained Environment
Authors: Hua Quan , Wu Changyun , Zhu Yangshun , Wang Haoyu , Wang Guowei , Zhang Shuguang , Song Dan
Published: February 2025

The inherent porous structure of concrete enables the penetration of water and Cl− ions through its pores, which eventually leads to rebar corrosion within the concrete. Consequently, the densification and impermeability of concrete protective layers play a critical role in the durability of reinforced concrete structures. This study proposes a composite anti-corrosion treatment for mortar protective layers by integrating nano-ion capillary crystalline with silane hydrophobic processing. Targeting existing mortar samples, a series of experiments were conducted, utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DSC-TG), X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), contact angle measurements, permeability tests, and electrochemical tests. These experiments systematically evaluated the effects of composite anti-corrosion treatment on the microstructure of hydration products, pore characteristics, surface hydrophobicity, impermeability, and the overall corrosion resistance of mortar-rebar samples in a Cl−-contained environment. The results reveal that nano-ion capillary crystalline materials react with free calcium ions in the mortar to produce secondary hydration products, effectively filling micro-pores, densifying the pore structure and inhibiting the invasion of Cl− ions. The combination of capillary crystalline and silane hydrophobic processing synergistically enhances surface hydrophobicity and impermeability, preventing the ingress of corrosive agents, such as Cl− ions, and significantly improving the anti-corrosion performance of mortar in a Cl−-contained environment.
Real-World Data to Assess the Proportion of Patients Admitted for Febrile Neutropenia That Could Be Considered at Low Risk: The Experience of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec
Authors: Jean Tommy , Sylvestre Camille , Caron Francis , Leblanc Dominique , Soucy Geneviève , Lemieux Julie
Published: February 2025

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious complication of chemotherapy that often leads to hospitalization in cancer patients. It is now well-established that carefully selected patients can be safely treated on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to assess the number and proportion of patients hospitalized for FN in a university hospital setting who would have met the low-risk criteria for FN, and whether these patients experienced favorable outcomes during hospitalization. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients admitted for FN at three hospitals in Quebec City between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2019. Patients with leukemia and those who had undergone stem cell transplants were excluded. A retrospective chart review was performed to establish the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) score for each patient. Based on predefined criteria, we also determined whether the clinical course was favorable or unfavorable. A total of 177 hospitalizations met our inclusion criteria. We found that 101/177 (57.1%) of the hospitalized patients met the low-risk FN criteria according to their MASCC score. Among these, 74/177 (41.8%) met all the criteria for outpatient treatment. The majority of these patients had a favorable outcome (70/74, 94.6%). In contrast, among patients who did not meet the eligibility criteria for outpatient treatment, 44.7% (46/103) experienced favorable outcomes during their hospitalization. These data highlight the importance of patient selection for outpatient care.
PTSD in Patients Who Undergo Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weiss Orli , Runnels Juliana , Dickstein Daniel R. , Hsieh Kristin , Jacobs Lauren , Shah Anuja , Arons Danielle , Reed Samuel , Sindhu Kunal K. , Bakst Richard , Bloom Julie
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after exposure to real or perceived threats to life and is characterized by symptoms including intrusive thoughts, hyperarousal, and emotional numbness. While PTSD is well-studied in populations affected by disasters and combat, the impact of serious medical conditions like cancer and its treatments remain under-researched. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, fear of recurrence, and disfiguring nature of treatments, patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) may experience a real or perceived risk of death. This systematic review synthesizes current knowledge on PTSD in patients with HNC. Methods: A systematic review was conducted per PRISMA guidelines. Five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and COCHRANE) were searched for studies describing PTSD in patients with and survivors of HNC. Studies with PTSD diagnosis and/or symptom data specific to patients with HNC were included. Results: Of 80 studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The most commonly used scale was the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. The prevalence of PTSD ranged from 8% to 41% across the studies. No significant differences were found with regards to PTSD prevalence by HNC tumor site, disease stage, or treatment modality. Two studies identified significant associations between PTSD after treatment and depression at the time of diagnosis. Patients with PTSD who received cognitive behavioral therapy showed improvement in their PTSD symptoms compared to those who did not. Conclusions: PTSD is common in individuals with HNC; however, the lack of a standardized approach to diagnosing PTSD in patients with and survivors of HNC creates challenges in identifying patients who may benefit from treatment. Given that HNC is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with increasing incidence, there is a need to better understand the relationship between HNC and PTSD to allow for better PTSD screening, identification, and treatment to improve patients’ health-related quality of life and provide optimal patient care.
Clinical Impact of MRI-Guided Intracavitary–Interstitial Brachytherapy in the Curative Management of Advanced-Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wark Antje , Hüfner Laura , Meixner Eva , Oelmann Jan , König Laila , Höne Simon , Lindel Katja , Debus Jürgen , Arians Nathalie
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the clinical efficacy of MRI-based adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) using combined intracavitary and interstitial techniques in the curative treatment of patients with advanced cervical cancer (LACC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 149 LACC patients treated at a single center. The therapeutic protocol included intensity-modulated external beam radiotherapy (IMRT) and IGABT. Dosimetric parameters were evaluated for relevance for local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier estimation, Cox regression, and log-rank test. Patients predominantly presented with stage III/IV tumors (81%, FIGO 2018). The median high-risk clinical target volume (hrCTV) was 34 cm3, with a median D90% dose of 88.9 GyEQD2. At 24 months, OS, PFS, and LC rates were 86%, 57%, and 81%, respectively. FIGO stage, tumor volume, and histology were significant predictors of PFS. Higher total hrCTV doses were strongly correlated with improved LC and PFS, emphasizing the importance of precise dosimetric optimization in IGABT and confirming the critical role of IGABT in achieving very good LC rates for LACC. The reported LC rates are comparable to landmark studies, such as INTERLACE and KEYNOTE-A18. This study validates the effectiveness of MRI-guided IGABT in enhancing local tumor control in advanced-stage cervical cancer while providing insights into the prognostic implications of dosimetric parameters such as hrCTV and point A. Future research should address the persistent challenge of distant metastases by exploring the integration of novel systemic treatment options.
A 7T MRI Study of Fibular Bone Thickness and Density: Impact of Age, Sex and Body Weight, and Correlation with Bone Marrow Expansion and Muscle Fat Infiltration
Authors: Johnson Talon , Su Jianzhong , Henning Anke , Ren Jimin
Published: February 2025

Background: Reduced bone mass and density, hallmark features of osteopenia and osteoporosis, significantly increase the risk of fractures, falls, and loss of mobility, especially in post-menopausal women and the elderly. Methods: This quantitative 7T MRI study examines the features of fibular bone thinning and bone mineral density loss (BMD) in 107 individuals (43F/64M) across various ages, body mass indices (BMIs), and ethnicities. Results: Women had significantly lower cross-sectional bone wall thickness (BT) and bone tissue area (BA), along with greater BMD loss compared to men in those over age 50 (n = 77), but not in the younger group (n = 30). The bone g-factor, defined as the ratio of inner-to-outer bone diameters, increased with bone thinning, bone marrow expansion (BME), and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) but was independent of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Bone thinning and BMD loss both tend to increase with BME and MFI. Additionally, bone density decrease correlated with bone mass loss, with a stronger association observed with BT than BA. Conclusions: These findings offer insights into the effects of aging and sex on skeletomuscular health, with implications for strategies to mitigate bone loss in osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia.
Factors Reducing Postoperative Pain Related to Root Canal Treatment: A Narrative Review of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Alhilou Abdelrahman M.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Pain after root canal treatment is a common concern that can greatly affect a patient’s quality of life. Identifying the factors contributing to this pain and focusing on those supported by high-quality research can lead to more effective pain management. This narrative review aims to analyze all available systematic reviews on this topic to determine what has been proven to help decrease pain following the root canal procedure. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Scopus and Google Scholar from January 2000 to January 2024, using defined MeSH terms. This yielded 51 systematic reviews, of which 45 specifically investigated factors reducing postoperative pain related to root canal treatment. Results: Eleven factors were identified in the literature, with only eight factors supported by low- to moderate-quality evidence to reduce postoperative pain related to root canal treatment. These eight factors include (1) laser therapy, (2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (especially when combined with acetaminophen) and corticosteroids, (3) ultrasonic irrigation and low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, (4) cryotherapy, (5) specific combinations of intracanal medicaments (notably calcium hydroxide with chlorhexidine), (6) bioceramic sealers, (7) rotary instrumentation, and (8) apical patency. Conclusions: The insights gained from this narrative review highlight several important factors that reduce postoperative pain related to root canal treatment. Nevertheless, the observed variability in the quality of the evidence calls attention to the necessity for further high-quality research.
Dynamics Model of a Multi-Rotor UAV Propeller and Its Fault Detection
Authors: Zou Yongtian , Xia Haiting , Yang Xinmin , Li Peigen , Yi Yu
Published: February 2025

The propeller state of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is difficult to detect in real time due to trouble with laying out the sensor and multiple signal sources. To solve this problem, a fault detection method for multi-rotor UAV propellers was proposed based on a signal analysis of the built-in inertial measurement unit (IMU). Firstly, the multi-source coupled signals of the UAV flight were obtained through the ground station. Then, the picked-up signals were optimally separated according to the multi-rotor UAV propeller fault dynamics model, and signals rich in fault information were obtained. Finally, the separated signals were calculated using the symmetrized dot pattern (SDP), and then the similarity index was used to quantify the distribution of the signal in the feature plot to realize propeller fault detection. The OTSU algorithm was used to quantify the detection results, yielding a similarity of 76.2% in the z-axis direction, which is better than the values in the other two directions. The simulation and experimental analysis of the propeller failure dynamics model showed that the proposed method can effectively identify the propeller faults of multi-rotor UAVs.
Developing Coaches Through a Cognitive Apprenticeship Approach: A Case Study from Adventure Sports
Authors: Mees Alice , Collins Dave , Collins Loel
Published: February 2025

A cognitive apprenticeship (CA) approach to the development of professional judgement and decision making has been examined in a variety of professional contexts in recent years. More recently several authors have theorised that CA may be an effective approach to developing judgement and decision making in outdoor professionals. This paper reports on a unique study of an in-house national coach development programme in the Outward Bound Trust (the Trust) in the UK. It examines the extent to which a CA framework is currently utilised in the development of coaches and considers how the current approach to coach development may be enhanced. This embedded mixed methods study proceeded in two parts: firstly a mixed online survey for the coaches, followed by a participatory focus group of the ‘in house’ coach trainers. The results found that aspects of the CA approach are used to varying degrees, depending on the experience and knowledge of the coach trainers, although limitations with the application of the CA approach are compensated by the organisation’s educational culture and through an established community of practice. Additionally, the application is inconsistent across the organisation. The findings highlight the need for increased intentionality, alignment with organisational values, and Trust-wide development of coach trainers in order to expand the existing approach and align it with the application of a CA within the Trust.
STAR-RIS-Assisted WET System Optimization: Minimizing Recharging Time Using PSO Based on S-CSI
Authors: Junior Rogério Pereira , Mendes Isabel Francine , Souto Victoria Dala Pegorara , Souza Richard Demo
Published: February 2025

Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) combined with Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (STAR-RIS) technology offers a promising approach to optimize the recharging of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this work, we propose the use of STAR-RIS in the WET context to enable efficient recharging of IoT devices, with the goal of minimizing the total system recharging time while ensuring that each IoT device meets its minimum energy requirement. The optimization is performed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique, including the beamforming configuration of the power beacon (PB) as well as the phase and amplitude coefficients of the STAR-RIS elements. We compare two STAR-RIS operating protocols: time switching (TS) and energy splitting (ES). Simulation results indicate that it is possible to charge devices efficiently using only statistical channel state information (S-CSI), even in the absence of direct link between the PB and the IoT devices.
Energy Benefits of PV-Integrated Dynamic Overhangs for Residential Buildings in Qatar
Authors: Krarti Moncef , Ayari Mohamed A. , Touati Farid , Paurobally Mohammad R.
Published: February 2025

This paper summarizes the potential energy efficiency benefits of PV-integrated dynamic overhangs for housing units in Qatar. Specifically, the technology combines two energy benefits of shading effects of reducing air conditioning loads and generating on-site electricity generation. The analysis is performed for a prototypical dwelling unit in Doha, Qatar. Three adjustment frequencies for the positions of the PV-integrated dynamic overhangs are evaluated, including hourly, daily, and monthly. It is found that optimally operated PV-integrated overhangs can substantially reduce the annual electricity needs of the dwelling unit. For instance, southern-oriented PV-integrated dynamic overhangs can lower the annual net energy requirements for the dwelling unit by 69.7% relative to the case with no shading and by 32.2% relative to the case of deploying PV-integrated static overhangs. Higher energy use reductions can be achieved when the overhang depth and window size are increased and when more energy-efficient glazing types are installed.
A Smart Microgrid Platform Integrating AI and Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sustainable Energy Management
Authors: Lami Badr , Alsolami Mohammed , Alferidi Ahmad , Slama Sami Ben
Published: February 2025

Smart microgrids (SMGs) have emerged as a key solution to enhance energy management and sustainability within decentralized energy systems. This paper presents SmartGrid AI, a platform integrating deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and neural networks to optimize energy consumption, predict demand, and facilitate peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. The platform dynamically adapts to real-time energy demand and supply fluctuations, achieving a 23% reduction in energy costs, a 40% decrease in grid dependency, and an 85% renewable energy utilization rate. Furthermore, AI-driven P2P trading mechanisms demonstrate that 18% of electricity consumption is handled through efficient decentralized exchanges. The integration of vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology allows electric vehicle (EV) batteries to store surplus renewable energy and supply 15% of household energy demand during peak hours. Real-time data from Saudi Arabia validated the system’s performance, highlighting its scalability and adaptability to diverse energy market conditions. The quantitative results suggest that SmartGrid AI is a revolutionary method of sustainable and cost-effective energy management in SMGs.
Isothiocyanates Enhance the Anti-Melanoma Effect of Zebularine Through Modulation of Apoptosis and Regulation of DNMTs’ Expression, Chromatin Configuration and Histone Posttranslational Modifications Associated with Altered Gene Expression Patterns
Authors: Anestopoulos Ioannis , Paraskevaidis Ioannis , Kyriakou Sotiris , Potamiti Louiza , Trafalis Dimitrios T. , Botaitis Sotiris , Franco Rodrigo , Pappa Aglaia , Panayiotidis Mihalis I.
Published: February 2025

Background: In the present study, we aimed to characterize the cytotoxic efficacy of Zebularine either as a single agent or in combination with various isothiocyanates in an in vitro model consisting of human melanoma (A375, Colo-679) as well as non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Methods: In this model, we have evaluated the anti-melanoma effect of Zebularine (in single and combinatorial protocols) in terms of cell viability, apoptotic induction and alterations in ultrastructural chromatin configuration, protein expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and associated histone epigenetic marks capable of mediating gene expression. Results: Exposure to Zebularine resulted in dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity through apoptotic induction in malignant melanoma cells, while neighboring non-tumorigenic keratinocytes remained unaffected. A more profound response was observed in combinational protocols, as evidenced by a further decline in cell viability leading to an even more robust apoptotic induction followed by a differential response (i.e., activation/de-activation) of various apoptotic genes. Furthermore, combined exposure protocols caused a significant decrease of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B protein expression levels together with alterations in ultrastructural chromatin configuration and protein expression levels of specific histone modification marks capable of modulating gene expression. Conclusions: Overall, we have developed a novel experimental approach capable of potentiating the cytotoxic efficacy of Zebularine against human malignant melanoma cells while at the same time maintaining a non-cytotoxic profile against neighboring non-tumorigenic keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells.
The Physical Properties of Surface Layer Thermally Modified Wood and Energy Consumption in the Preparation Process
Authors: Tang Jun , Xu Yisheng , He Jinrong , Peng Hui , Li Zhu , Jiang Jiali , Zhan Tianyi , Lyu Jianxiong
Published: February 2025

Surface layer thermal modification (SLTM) not only improves the dimensional stability of wood but also effectively shortens production time. However, limited research has been conducted on how treatment conditions influence the properties of SLTM wood and energy consumption during the production process. This study compared the physical properties of SLTM wood with conventional thermally modified (CoTM) wood treated at 185 °C, 200 °C, and 215 °C, as well as the energy consumption during processing. Samples were subjected to SLTM at three temperatures (185 °C, 200 °C, and 215 °C) two times (2 h and 3 h) and two target surface layer thicknesses (6 mm and 12 mm). The results showed SLTM improved dimensional stability, with the anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) after water absorption increasing by a maximum of 2.4 times compared to CoTM185-2h. Increases in treatment temperature, time, and target surface layer thickness all contributed to enhanced ASE. At 96% relative humidity, SLTM wood samples exhibited lower equilibrium moisture content (16.6% to 19.2%) than CoTM185-2h (19.5%). SLTM also reduced the total treatment time by 1.9 h to 10.8 h compared to CoTM treatments. SLTM demonstrated energy savings ranging from 215 kW∙h to 1567 kW∙h, resulting in a reduction in CO2 emissions by 73 kg to 729 kg per 1 m3 of processed wood. These findings suggest that SLTM provides a promising strategy for the energy-efficient utilization of plantation wood.
Synergistic Use of Nanosilica and Basalt Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Internally Cured Concrete with SAP: An Experimental Analysis and Optimization via Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Borito Said Mirgan , Zhu Han , Ibrahim Yasser E. , Haruna Sadi Ibrahim , Bo Zhao
Published: February 2025

This study explores the combined effects of nanosilica (NS) and basalt fibers (BF) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-modified concrete. NS (0–1.5% replaced by cement weight) and BF (0–1.2% by volume fraction) were incorporated to optimize compressive, flexural, and split-tensile strengths using response surface methodology. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was employed to analyze failure mechanisms. Results show that while SAP alone reduced strength, the addition of NS and BF mitigated this loss through synergistic microstructure enhancement and crack-bridging reinforcement. The optimal mix (0.9% NS and 1.2% BF) increased compressive, flexural, and split-tensile strengths by 15.3%, 10.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. SEM analysis revealed that NS filled SAP-induced pores, while BF limited crack propagation, contributing to improved mechanical strength of SAP-modified concrete. This hybrid approach offers a promising solution for durable and sustainable concrete pavements.
Taxonomic Revision and Conservation Review of Sinocyclocheilus grahami (Regan, 1904), the Only Known Cavefish Applied Both in the Traditional Medicine and Aquaculture
Authors: Liu Wuyang , Zhao Yahui , Huang Jinqing
Published: February 2025

Sinocyclocheilus grahami (Regan, 1904) is the only known cavefish used both in traditional medicine and aquaculture in the world, and it is also a national protected animal. However, its taxonomy and distribution remain ambiguous, hindering effective conservation and resource utilization. This study clarifies the taxonomy of S. grahami through field surveys, specimen examination, and literature reviews, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) for morphological comparison. The results indicate that S. grahami and S. guanduensis show no significant morphological differences, supporting the recognition of S. guanduensis as a junior synonym of S. grahami. Sinocyclocheilus huanglongdongensis, and S. hei, once synonyms of S. grahami, should be valid. The species faces a significant population decline, and its distribution is now restricted to a few unpolluted streams around Dianchi Lake. While artificial breeding has been successful, further studies are needed to determine the medicinal efficacy of these individuals. To address the conservation and sustainable use of this species, habitat restoration should be prioritized, particularly in protecting cave environments and maintaining groundwater connectivity. Additionally, artificial breeding and release in restored habitats are essential to establish a sustainable ecological governance system that supports biodiversity and regional development.
Non-Newtonian Interfacial Modeling of Protein Drops Sheared in Microgravity
Authors: Adam Joe A. , Riley Frank P. , Lopez Juan M. , Underhill Patrick T. , Hirsa Amir H.
Published: February 2025

Complex fluid interfaces are commonplace in natural and engineered systems and a major topic in the fields of rheology and soft matter physics, providing boundary conditions for a system’s hydrodynamics. The relationship between structure and function dictates how constituents within complex fluids govern flow behavior via constituents changing conformation in response to the local microenvironment to minimize free energy. Both hydrodynamics, such as shear flow, and the presence of air–liquid interfaces are principal aspects of a complex fluid’s environment. The study of fluid interfaces coupled to bulk flows can be uniquely advanced through experimentation in microgravity, where surface tension containment can be achieved at relatively large length scales. This computational investigation assesses flow in the ring-sheared drop (RSD), a containerless biochemical reactor operating aboard the International Space Station for the study of complex fluids and soft matter physics. Specifically, the hydrodynamic effects of a generalized Boussinesq–Scriven interface with a shear-thinning surface shear viscosity are examined in flow regimes where the air–liquid interface remains coupled to the Newtonian bulk fluid. The results verify this interfacial model’s ability to affect system-wide hydrodynamics under specific parameter regimes, enabling future model validation with high-precision rheological measurements.
Antioxidant-Rich Polyfloral Bee Pollen Exerts Antimicrobial Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells by Modulating the NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Cavallero Andrea , Vidotto Francesca , Sbrana Cristiana , Peres Fabbri Laryssa , Petroni Giulio , Gabriele Morena
Published: February 2025

Bee pollen is produced by honeybees from the agglutination of pollen grains belonging to one or more plant species. Although it is intended to be a nutritional source for the hive, its remarkable concentration of nutrients and phytochemicals, combined with its pleasant organoleptic qualities, makes it appealing for human consumption. This study examined the phytochemical content and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of a polyfloral bee pollen collected in Tuscany (Italy). Additionally, its less studied anti-inflammatory potential towards tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-inflamed A549 cells was evaluated to assess its possible use in inflammatory respiratory diseases. Bee pollen extract (BPE) was chemically characterized in terms of total polyphenol (20.2 ± 1.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g fw), flavonoid (9.22 ± 0.64 mg quercetin equivalents/g fw), and carotenoid (10.4 ± 1.4 µg carotenoids/g fw) contents. BPE exerted good antioxidant and antiradical activities in ferric reducing antioxidant power (38.6 ± 4.5 mg Fe2+/g fw), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (433.77 ± 18.95 μmol TE/g fw), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (EC50 = 613.8 ± 79.2 μg/mL) assays. Additionally, BPE inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas stutzeri (MIC = 10 mg/mL) in the microdilution assay. When TNF-α-inflamed A549 cells were pretreated with BPE (10 and 50 µg/mL), the upregulated interleukin-8 gene and cyclooxygenase-2 gene and protein expression were significantly attenuated. BPE modulated the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway by decreasing its active phosphorylated form levels. These encouraging results confirm that honeybee pollen is a valuable health-promoting food that could alleviate the inflammatory component of various chronic pulmonary conditions.
Brute Force Computations and Reference Solutions
Authors: Konstantinov Mihail Mihaylov , Petkov Petko Hristov , Madamlieva Ekaterina Borisova
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the application of brute force computational techniques (BFCTs) for solving computational problems in mathematical analysis and matrix algebra in a floating-point computing environment. These techniques include, among others, simple matrix computations and the analysis of graphs of functions. Since BFCTs are based on matrix calculations, the program system MATLAB® is suitable for their computer realization. The computations in this paper are completed in double precision floating-point arithmetic, obeying the 2019 IEEE Standard for binary floating-point calculations. One of the aims of this paper is to analyze cases where popular algorithms and software fail to produce correct answers, failing to alert the user. In real-time control applications, this may have catastrophic consequences with heavy material damage and human casualties. It is known, or suspected, that a number of man-made catastrophes such as the Dharhan accident (1991), Ariane 5 launch failure (1996), Boeing 737 Max tragedies (2018, 2019) and others are due to errors in the computer software and hardware. Another application of BFCTs is finding good initial guesses for known computational algorithms. Sometimes, simple and relatively fast BFCTs are useful tools in solving computational problems correctly and in real time. Among particular problems considered are the genuine addition of machine numbers, numerically stable computations, finding minimums of arrays, the minimization of functions, solving finite equations, integration and differentiation, computing condensed and canonical forms of matrices and clarifying the concepts of the least squares method in the light of the conflict remainders vs. errors. Usually, BFCTs are applied under the user’s supervision, which is not possible in the automatic implementation of computational methods. To implement BFCTs automatically is a challenging problem in the area of artificial intelligence and of mathematical artificial intelligence in particular. BFCTs allow to reveal the underlying arithmetic in the performance of computational algorithms. Last but not least, this paper has tutorial value, as computational algorithms and mathematical software are often taught without considering the properties of computational algorithms and machine arithmetic.
Adaptive AI-Driven Toll Management: Enhancing Traffic Flow and Sustainability Through Real-Time Prediction, Allocation, and Task Optimization
Authors: Pandey Satendra , P Vasanthi
Published: February 2025

Efficient toll processing is critical for mitigating traffic congestion and enhancing transportation network efficiency at toll stations. This study explores the Neelamangala Toll Plaza on India’s National Highway 48, employing artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize toll operations. The research integrates a Supervised Learning (SL) time series model for traffic prediction and a Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework based on a Markov Decision Process (MDP), coupled with a randomized algorithm for equitable task distribution. These AI-driven models dynamically adapt to real-time traffic conditions, preventing peak-hour system overload. Key performance metrics—Average Processing Time (APT), Queue Length Reduction (QLR), and Throughput (TP) were used to evaluate the system. Research also demonstrates the model’s superior performance in handling high traffic volumes and reducing congestion. The study underscores the potential of integrating AI and randomized algorithms in modern toll management, offering a scalable and adaptive solution for sustainable transportation infrastructure.
Potential Role of ABCF2 Gene in Pudendal Nerve Neuropathy and Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Musumeci Antonino , Vinci Mirella , Treccarichi Simone , Ragalmuto Alda , Bruno Giuseppe , Tinniriello Giordana , Farina Jessica , Federico Concetta , Saccone Salvatore , Calì Francesco , Porru Daniele
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Symptoms of pudendal nerve neuropathy may overlap with various symptoms of interstitial cystitis (IC). As documented, there is a well-established correlation between the genes involved in ATP metabolism, neuropathy, and IC. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters genes, in fact, are vital for ATP signaling. This study aims to associate the ABCF2 gene with a suspected pudendal nerve neuropathy and IC. Methods: Histological analysis was conducted for diagnosing IC while the genetic variant was identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) Trio and confirmed through Sanger. Results: We report a patient with IC, confirmed by histological examination, presenting with a suspected bladder and pudendal nerve neuropathy, though not analytically confirmed. Histological analysis revealed urothelial detachment caused by a dense subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate, predominantly composed of mast cells, which serve as key diagnostic markers for interstitial cystitis (IC). WES analysis identified the heterozygous genetic variant c.1253T>G p.Phe418Cys within ABCF2 gene, precisely in its functional domain which actively operates in the hydrolysis of ATP energizing various biological systems. As reported, this gene displays high expression patterns in bladder tissue. The variant, absent in the healthy brother, was inherited from the father which presents mosaicism. The in silico prediction analyses classified this variant as pathogenic, identifying potential alterations in the protein structure. Conclusions: Although the precise role of ABCF2 should be supported by further studies, we hypothesize that its disruption might impair ATP metabolism, likely altering the nociceptive response and leading to the patient’s neuropathy. Further analyses are imperative to validate this research, for laying the groundwork for a specific therapy targeting the genetic dysregulation involved in this condition.
HeartEnsembleNet: An Innovative Hybrid Ensemble Learning Approach for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
Authors: Zaidi Syed Ali Jafar , Ghafoor Attia , Kim Jun , Abbas Zeeshan , Lee Seung Won
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prominent determinant of mortality, accounting for 17 million lives lost across the globe each year. This underscores its severity as a critical health issue. Extensive research has been undertaken to refine the forecasting of CVD in patients using various supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning approaches. Methods: This study presents HeartEnsembleNet, a novel hybrid ensemble learning model that integrates multiple machine learning (ML) classifiers for CVD risk assessment. The model is evaluated against six classical ML classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting (GB), decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF). Additionally, we compare HeartEnsembleNet with Hybrid Random Forest Linear Models (HRFLM) and ensemble techniques including stacking and voting. Results: Employing a dataset of 70,000 cardiac patients with 12 clinical attributes, our proposed model achieves a notable accuracy of 92.95% and a precision of 93.08%. Conclusions: These results highlight the effectiveness of hybrid ensemble learning in enhancing CVD risk prediction, offering a promising framework for clinical decision support.
Identification of Grape NRT Gene Family and Analysis of Its Expression in Leaves Under Nitrogen-Deficiency Stress
Authors: Yang Zhongyi , Mei Junjie , Zheng Wei , Khan Falak Sher , Bhuiyan Mohammad Nasim , Wang Kangjie , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur , Abe-Kanoh Naomi , Ji Wei
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen, an indispensable macronutrient, significantly affects the appearance, quality, and yield of grapes (Vitis vinifera). Adequate nitrate uptake and intracellular transport, facilitated primarily by nitrate transport (NRT) proteins, are crucial for maintaining nutritional balance. However, there are no reports on the NRT gene family in grapes. In this study, we identified 53 Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter Family (NPF), 3 nitrate transporter 2 family (NRT2), and 1 Nitrate Assimilation-Related 2 (NAR2) genes in the grapevine Pinot Noir PN40024 genome. A comprehensive analysis of these gene families, including their physicochemical properties, structural organization, chromosomal distribution, collinearity, cis-acting element distribution, and phylogenetic relationships, revealed the rich diversity and evolutionary conservation of the grapevine Nitrate Transporter (NRT) genes. Furthermore, the expression profiles of VvNRTs in different tissues demonstrated that the NRT genes possess spatio-temporal expression specificity. The expression patterns of the NRT genes were examined by transcriptome sequencing in grapevines across various tissues under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. The expression patterns in grapevine leaves under nitrogen-deficiency conditions showed upregulation of the VvNPF2.3 gene in conditions of nitrogen deficiency. This upregulation was strongly associated with a 62.2% reduction in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels and a 21.3% increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, suggesting a complex regulatory response to nitrogen-induced stress. These findings emphasize the potential involvement of NRT genes in the adaptive reaction to nitrogen deficiency and set the stage for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen transportation in grapevines.
Dynamic Transcriptional Regulation of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Testis Axis in the Seasonally Breeding Teleost Sebastes schlegelii
Authors: Wang Xueying , Liu Qinghua , Li Jun
Published: February 2025

Spermatogenesis, the process of male germ cell development, is tightly regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–testis (HPT) axis in seasonally breeding teleosts. Despite its importance, our understanding of how the brain and male germ cells coordinate key transitions—such as testis initiation and maturation—remains limited, particularly in species with distinct seasonal reproductive cycles. Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), a marine viviparous teleost, exhibits a prolonged testis quiescent phase lasting three-quarters of the year, with testis initiation occurring in September and maturation concluding in November and December. The mechanisms underlying these transitions are poorly characterized, leaving a critical gap in our knowledge of seasonal spermatogenesis and its regulation. Addressing this gap is crucial for advancing artificial breeding technologies, which could significantly benefit the aquaculture industry. RNA-seq was used to explore the gene regulatory networks involved in testis initiation in S. schlegelii. Transcriptomic analyses of brain and testis were conducted across key developmental phases. In the brain, upregulated genes were notably involved in neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions, whereas in the testis, differentially expressed genes were linked to cell cycle processes and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. Our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying testis initiation in S. schlegelii, providing omics evidence for the role of the HPT axis in regulating this process. By elucidating the gene regulatory networks of the brain and testis during critical transitions, this study advances our understanding of spermatogenesis in seasonally breeding teleosts. These insights pave the way for developing year-round artificial breeding technologies, contributing to the sustainable management of commercially valuable fish species.
Nitroxidative Stress, Cell—Signaling Pathways, and Manganese Porphyrins: Therapeutic Potential in Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Silva Álvaro José Chávez , de Lavor Mário Sérgio Lima
Published: February 2025

Neuropathic pain, a debilitating condition arising from somatosensory system damage, significantly impacts quality of life, leading to anxiety, self-mutilation, and depression. Oxidative and nitrosative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antioxidant defenses, plays a crucial role in its pathophysiology. While reactive species are essential for physiological functions, excessive levels can cause cellular component damage, leading to neuronal dysfunction and pain. This review highlights the complex interactions between reactive species, antioxidant systems, cell signaling, and neuropathic pain. We discuss the physiological roles of ROS/RNS and the detrimental effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Furthermore, we explore the potential of manganese porphyrins, compounds with antioxidant properties, as promising therapeutic agents to mitigate oxidative stress and alleviate neuropathic pain by targeting key cellular pathways involved in pain. Further research is needed to fully understand their therapeutic potential in managing neuropathic pain in human and non-human animals.
Revolutionising Cardio-Oncology Care with Precision Genomics
Authors: Chong Jun Hua , Chuah Charles T. H. , Lee Caroline G.
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease is the worldwide leading cause of mortality among survivors of cancer due in part to the cardiotoxicity of anticancer therapies. This paper explores the progress in precision cardio-oncology, particularly in genetic testing and therapeutics, and its impact on cardiovascular diseases in clinical and laboratory settings. These advancements enable clinicians to better assess risk, diagnose conditions, and deliver personalised, cost-effective therapeutics. Through case studies of cancer-therapy-related cardiac dysfunction, clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, and polygenic risk scoring, we demonstrate the benefits of incorporating precision genomics in individualised care in cardio-oncology. Furthermore, leveraging real-world genomic data in clinical settings can advance our understanding of long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs, which play important regulatory roles in cardio-oncology. Additionally, employing human-induced pluripotent stem cells to stratify risk and guide prevention strategies represents a promising avenue for modelling precision cardio-oncology. While these advancements showcase the significant progress in genetic approaches, they also raise substantial ethical, legal, and societal concerns. Regulatory oversight of genetic and genomic technologies should therefore evolve suitably to keep up with rapid advancements in technology and analysis. Provider education is crucial for the appropriate use of new genetic and genomic applications, including on the existing protection available for patients regarding genetic information. This can provide confidence for diverse study groups to advance genetic studies looking to develop a comprehensive understanding and effective clinical applications for heterogeneous populations. In clinical settings, the implementation of genetic and genomic applications within electronic medical records can offer point-of-care clinical decision support, thus providing timely information to guide clinical management decisions.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Polymeric Systems for Potential Applications in Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wanat Dominika , Garbowska Claudia , Wrzesińska Wiktoria , Grzywacz Oliwia , Sala Katarzyna , Zapotoczny Kacper , Bańkosz Magdalena , Jampilek Josef , Walter Janusz , Tyliszczak Bożena
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the physicochemical properties of hydrogels based on PVA and PVP crosslinked with PEGDA, focusing on their swelling capacity, surface roughness, incubation behavior, and structural modifications upon bioactive component incorporation. Swelling analysis demonstrated that the amount and molecular weight of PEGDA significantly influences the hydrogels’ sorption properties, with the highest swelling coefficient observed for samples with 2 mL PEGDA (575 g/mol) due to a looser network structure, while the lowest was recorded for 2.5 mL PEGDA (700 g/mol), indicating a denser network. Surface roughness analysis revealed that increasing the crosslinker amount led to higher roughness both before and after incubation, with samples containing 575 g/mol PEGDA being more susceptible to structural changes in an incubation environment. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups, providing insight into the chemical stability and hydration properties of the hydrogels. Modification with a bioactive mixture (glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM) was confirmed by spectral analysis, indicating successful integration without compromising the hydrogel matrix. The modified hydrogels demonstrated potential applications in regenerative medicine, particularly for joint disease treatment and cartilage tissue repair.