bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Character of Peace in Judges’ Customary Criminal Receptions as Restorative Justice
Authors: Kusmayanti Hazar , Putri Sherly Ayuna , Fakhriah Efa Laela , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam
Published: March 2024

The idea that restorative justice primarily derives from indigenous communities' beliefs, which have existed for a very long time and have evolved into customary law from generation to generation, gave rise to the term restorative justice in Indonesia. According to Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Judicial Power Law, it is the duty of the judge to investigate, adhere to, and comprehend the legal values and sense of justice that exist in society. The author of this study will examine how judges in courts use restorative justice in the process of interpreting local customary law to avoid conflicts with it. And discover what challenges judges in court face in accepting this customary law. The author's research strategy is normative juridical and is based on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal resources. According to research, district court judges can significantly contribute to the realization of restorative justice in the context of customary criminal law by having a thorough understanding of customary law, employing a mediation approach, enforcing restorative sanctions, offering education and counseling; and placing a high priority on reconciliation. The current national criminal justice system can be viewed as failing to represent the interests of victims. The social background of the judge's origin, the judge's educational background, the judge's ethnicity, and the environment at the time of the hearing are all barriers to judges accepting customary law in their decisions.
The Development of Paper Gloss in Hot Calendering and Brushing
Authors:   STFI, Stockholm, Sweden, Back Ernst L.
Published: March 2024

In bleached, white top and coated packaging paper and board, paper gloss is a desirable property, whereas in printing papers print gloss is most desirable. One section of this paper deals with gloss development of uncoated paper and board and another section deals with coated paper. A final section addresses print gloss. The enhanced effect of hot calendering on paper gloss and print gloss, as compared to “air leak” smoothness, is illustrated. This enhancement is due to a thermal softening concentrated at the outermost layer of the paper in contact with the highly polished hot steel roll acting preferentially on the topographical irregularities up to a few microns. Brushing of coated papers produces some densification of the outermost coating layer, thereby filling the surface voids. Brushing improves both paper gloss and print gloss, as well as the gloss uniformity with no significant effect on the ‘fair leak” smoothness.
Modelling the State of Stress and Strain in Soft-nip Calendering
Authors:   Beloit Manhatten, Rodal Jose J. A.
Published: March 2024

A brief review of pertinent works in the field of contact mechanics is made, with emphasis placed on works related to the calendering process, starting with Hertz, assumptions and ending with non-Hertzian effects, including thin-layer covered rolls, sliding, sticking, “micro-slip”, and friction effects. Emphasis is placed on the effect that changing Poisson’s ratio has on the behavior of stress and strain in the nip and how this is related to soft-nip calendering parameters (the relative rotational velocities of soft-covered and mating rolls, for example). High resolution color graphics of the state of strain in the nip zone are presented, as modelled by finite-element analysis of the contact problem in soft-nip calendering.
The Calendering Creep Equation – A Physical Model
Authors:   MacMillan Bloedel Research, 3350 East Broadway, Vancouver. British Columbia, Canada, Popil R. E.
Published: March 2024

The modelling of the calendering process has been largely empirical, resulting in “creep” equations which relate the finished paper properties to calender parameters. Such modelling has the utility of optimizing calendering configurations for the attainment of a desired paper finish. This approach demonstrates the limitations of machine calendering and other alternatives to reach higher levels of surface finish are suggested. This study endeavours to establish an understanding of the physical basis for the form of the calendering creep equation. A simple physical model of calendering has been developed which allows at least the qualitative prediction of various calendering effects. The physical model of paper compression is based on the non-Hookean behaviour of paper under compression which is known to arise from the statistical distribution of the number of fibers in a paper web. Elastic constants associated with the exponential stress-strain relation for paper determine the dependencies of caliper reduction on moisture, temperature and fiber processing. A simple viscoelastic model suggests that the dependencies on moisture and temperature may not be as autonomous as they appear in the usual forms of the creep equation. This observation is corroborated by experimental data obtained on pilot laboratory calenders.
Instability and the Papermaking Process
Authors:   BTS UK Paper (Technical Services) Ltd., Parker J. R.
Published: March 2024

Mechanisms causing instability and change are commonplace in nature. Similar phenomena exacerbate the tasks of devising, building and maintaining systems for efficiently manufacturing paper to a tight specification and high standard of uniformity. In the case of a machine calender stack, CD control can impart stability to an otherwise unstable system. Instability of the headbox or approach flow system can however seriously affect the MD control of basis weight. Some types of instability lie outside the reach of control, and must if possible be eliminated through improved equipment design. For this reason a good understanding of instability is necessary. This paper considers some specific examples of unstable behaviour, including eddy and vortex formation, waves and other amplification mechanisms on Fourdrinier wires, corrugation growth, uneven wear, self-excited vibration, and thermal deformation affecting calender stacks.
Through Flow Across Moist and Dry Paper
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Polat O. , Crotogino R. H. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Douglas W. J. M. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University
Published: March 2024

Pressure drop for air flow through dry and moist paper has previously been expressed in terms of permeability as determined by Darcy’s law, an approximation now demonstrated to be substantially in error at through flow rates relevant to through drying. The more fundamental, non dimensional treatment using, the Reynolds number-friction factor model has never been applied for paper because of the need for characteristic dimension in Reynolds number. The use of various assumptions for this characteristic dimension in terms of permeability, specific surface, and llagen-Poiseuille equivalent capillary diameter are now shown to be in substantial disagreement with the pore structure of paper as examined by scanning electron microscopy. A new characteristic dimension for flow through paper has been determined by application of fundamental principles of momentum transport. This characteristic dimension was determined for kraft paper over a wide range of basis weight, 25-250 g/m2 , and over the full range of moisture content from wet to dry. With this characteristic dimension, Reynolds number is rigorously the ratio of the inertial to the viscous contribution to momentum transport. With variation in .moisture content, the value of this characteristic dimension changes between two asymtotic limits which differ by a factor of about 2.5. The limits of these asymptotic regions correspond to known water-fiber relations. The values of the characteristic dimension agree with measurements by scanning electron microscopy. A theoretical relationship between Reynolds number and friction factor is shown to fit a set of about 3000 measurements of pressure drop taken with about 150 sheets of kraft paper over a wide range of air through flow rate, paper moisture content and basis weight. This successful treatment, based on momentum transport theory, not only eliminates the need for the Darcy law permeability approximation, which leads to errors up to 600% for through flow rates used industrially in through drying, but also provides the basis for theoretical analysis of heat and mass transport phenomena during through drying.
Drying Strategies and a New Restraint Technique to Improve Cross-directional Properties of Paper
Authors:   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (STFI), Hansson T. , Feller Christer ,   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (STFI), Htun Myat ,   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (STFI)
Published: March 2024

Machine-made papers often have an unsatisfactory cross direction profile with regard to their mechanical properties. The edges often have a lower strength and stiffness than the middle of the web. Laboratory studies of the behaviour of paper during drying have shown the potential of improving CD properties without any deterioration in MD properties. This is achieved by preventing paper shrinkage in both directions during drying. After extensive trials on a full-size paper machine equipped with a new cross-direction restraining technique, it has been demonstrated that the laboratory results can be repeated in a continuous process. This invention has the potential of solving some old problems in papermaking such as evening out the cross-direction profile and improving strength and stiffness properties, dimensional stability and surface properties.
Mechanisms of Fibre Bond Formation
Authors:   Japan Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Nanko Hiroki , Ohsawa Junji ,   Japan Pulp and Paper Research Institute
Published: March 2024

The structure of interfibre bonding in hand sheets made of a hardwood BKP was investigated throughout the sheet formation stages using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a scanning laser microscope (SLM). The sample preparation techniques for TEM and SLM were newly developed for observation of the bond formation and bond structure. Observations were made on couched wet webs, pressed wet webs, drying stages of the wet webs and dry sheets . Structures of the bonded zone and bonded fibres were characterized based on these observations. In this paper we discussed how the structures are affected by beating, couching, pressing and drying. We also discussed the roles of these structures in the physical properties of the fibre bonding.
Review of Surface Application
Authors:   University of Abo Akademi, Laboratory of Paper Chemistry, Eklund Dan E.
Published: March 2024

Surface application has gained more and more popularity as a means of increasing the quality of paper and board. In its broadest sense, surface application covers everything from sur face-sizing to extrusion coating, but this review will concentrate on surface sizing and pigment coating, i.e. processes taking place as an integrated part of the paper manufacture. Because the goals of the surface treatmant are different and depending on the quality of the paper desired, the review will cover our present fundamental understanding of the processes themselves. The presentation will start with a description of the water or liquid penetration in paper. Then the mechanics of various blade coating processes and the liquid transport it blade coaters will be explained. Last will come a presentation of the size press and new equipment for surface sizing.
An Evaluation of Interactions between Coating Colour and Base Paper by Coating Proﬁle Analysis
Authors:   ECC International Ltd., Research Department, John Keay House, St . Austell, Cornwall, England, Gane P. A. C. , Hooper J. J. ,   ECC International Ltd., Research Department, John Keay House, St . Austell, Cornwall, England
Published: March 2024

Using techniques of coating thickness analysis and frequency transform procedures developed in the EM laboratories it has been possible to describe the basesheet surface profile changes caused by the coating application. Relaxation of the fibre network has been observed and found to depend not only on the base stock furnish, formation etc., but to a large extent on the coating pigment type, size distribution, coating colour rheology and most importantly the dewatering interactions between the coating colour and the base. Factors determining the dewatering characteristics of a coating colour will include the base absorbency, pigment particle packing and suspension fluid viscosity.
Printing Roughness and Compressibility: A Novel Approach Based on Ink Transfer
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Mangin P. J. , Geoffroy P. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
Published: March 2024

A new approach to characterize the roughness of paper in contact with ink under compression in the printing nip is proposed. The printing roughness is calculated from the parameters of the ink coverage function contained in the ink transfer equations. The approach assumes an identity between the ink transfer coverage function and the pore shape function of the surface pores. Although the printing roughness correlates well with standard roughness/porosity tests, different regression lines result from different printing conditions . The printing roughness was found to be inversely linearly related to the logarithm of the printing pressure with the slope of the regression line representing a measure of the compressibility of the paper surface. The compressibility is independent of the printing pressure but, for rough papers, is a function of the nip dwell time.
Recent Developments in the Technology and Understanding of the Calendering Processes
Authors:   University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Peel J. D.
Published: March 2024

Recent developments in industrial practice are briefly reviewed and then improvements of our understanding of calendering are reviewed under the headings: the assessment of surface properties, the compressibility of paper, the effects of calendering variables on paper properties (for hard (iron) roll calendering, soft roll calendering and temperature or moisture gradient calendering, and the effect of calendering on paper strength) and rolling contact phenomena. The Concluding Comments list the implications of these industrial and scientific developments for future technical development and research into the calendering processes. The last 8-9 years have seen further expansions and rationalisations within the paper industry so it is not surprising to read regular reports of new finishing lines on new or modernised machines. Particularly noticeable, however, have been the numerous installations of new supercalenders for LWC grades and the development of competing uncoated filled mechanical printing grades, also supercalendered. Also, there is a trend for makers of standard machine calendered newsprint to produce higher quality mechanical printing grades which require a supercalender finish. These developments have increased the already considerable interest in the possibility of reducing the costs of supercalendering compared in detail by Muller & Schmidt with machine calendering and with on-line soft roll calendering, using an 8 roll machine (1) . Although the analysis needs to be updated in the light of experience with modern 2 x 2 roll tandem soft calenders, not then in service, the relative importance of running costs, capital investment and production losses through down time are carefully compared. Supercalendering of newsprint produced at 1000 m/min was estimated to cost DM16/ton compared with about DM4 for conventional machine calendering, before down time losses adjust them to DM25 and 27 respectively. (At that time, the on-line alternative was apparently far more expensive) . The higher selling price of the supercalendered paper was not allowed for. Since 1980, there has been a rapid application of on-line soft roll calendering, in place of the conventional machine calendering with hard (iron) rolls. Excluding the gloss calenders developed about 1962, there are probably nearly two hundred installations, which, it may be said, give a supercalender type finish to papers which were usually not finished that way, or which were lightly supercalendered. Obviously, there has been considerable interest in seeing how far this on-line process can go to produce conventional supercalender grades. Before reviewing the scientific developments in these operations, it is useful to review briefly the practical improvements which have been made since about the time of the review by Peel, Kerekes and Baumgarten (2).
The Role of Formation on Soft Nip and Hard Nip Calendering – Prepared Contribution
Authors: Waterhouse J.
Published: March 2024

This contribution is based on the work of Eerd Palokangas, a special student at the Institute of Paper Science and Technology. His investigation was concerned with the effects of formation on hard and soft nip calendering. Four levels of formation were produced namely poor, medium, good and excellent for a 45g/m’ newsprint furnish. The first three levels were obtained by varying the formation consistency on a pilot plant former, while the sheets with excellent formation were produced on a Formette Dynamique. The same method of wet pressing and drying was used for each set of sheets, however important differences between the web formed sheets and Formette Dynamique sheets were later discovered. The level of formation or type of calendering did not appear to significantly effect sheet roughness at various levels of sheet densification, as measured by Parker Print Surf. Losses in elastic and strength properties were found, and were higher for hard nip calendering. Interestingly, strength losses were higher for sheets having excellent formation when compared with those having poor formation.
Summing Up the Symposium Presentations
Authors:   James River Corporation, Ebeling Kari
Published: March 2024

Dr. D.A. Page mentioned in his review of the beating of chemical pulps: “If a unified simple theoretical treatment can be made from a complex phenomenon, it will then have the following three advantages: professors can teach it, students can learn it, engineers can practice it”. Against this statement I feel the Symposium has been successful. The visionary evaluation of the opportunities and challenges of the future papermaking by Mr. R.C. Williams started the Symposium with high spirits. His call for increased cooperation between paper companies in supporting the development of new technology warrants full attention.
Science in 2025-2027 and the SPQEO journal
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine, Belyaev A. , Smertenko P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Relevance of recent research is important for scientists and journals reporting research results. There are many sources of prognoses and one of them is the Report of European Commission "Looking into the R&I future priorities 2025-2027". It predicts the importance of the following areas for users: healthcare, energy, climate, sustainability and digitalization. The Ukrainian journal Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics (SPQEO) actually focuses on these areas and contributes to the development of related knowledge. Monitoring of last SPQEO issues shows some interesting results: (i) the effect of local field amplification, which causes emergence of ponder motive forces acting on viruses until destruction of viral envelopes; (ii) the methods of malignant tumors treatment taking into account their genesis mechanisms and focusing on correction of definite pathogenesis components, while being nontoxic for other organs and tissues; and (iii) manipulation of the spectral characteristics of a “polycarbonate matrix – gold nanostructures – HTTH dye” system due to influence of gold nanostructures. SPQEO paid attention to the improvement of solar cells (SCs) by considering physical effects such as the effect of space charge region (SCR) recombination on the key characteristics of high-efficiency silicon solar cells, such as photovoltaic conversion efficiency and open-circuit voltage, is not only dependent on the charge-carrier lifetime in the SCR, but also on the ratio of hole-to-electron-capture cross section, σp/σn. Non- traditional SCs were also considered: SCs with perovskite thin films, SCs comprising CdS/CIGS heterojunctions, and vitamin B12-patterned silicon hybrids based SCs. Moreover, SPQEO also covers research results in the fields of quantum devices, diamond- like and oxide films, and light-emitting diodes.
Space charge region recombination in highly efficient silicon solar cells
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sachenko A.V. , Kostylyov V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Evstigneev M. ,   Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada
Published: March 2024

The recombination rate in the space charge region (SCR) of a silicon-based barrier structure with a long Shockley–Reed–Hall lifetime is calculated theoretically by taking into account the concentration gradient of excess electron-hole pairs in the base region. Effects of the SCR lifetime and applied voltage on the structure ideality factor have been analyzed. The ideality factor is significantly reduced by the concentration gradient of electron-hole pairs. This mechanism provides an increase of the effective lifetime compared to the case when it is insignificant, which is realized at sufficiently low pair concentrations. The theoretical results have been shown to be in agreement with experimental data. A method of finding the experimental recombination rate in SCR in highly efficient silicon solar cells (SCs) has been proposed and implemented. It has been shown that at the high excess carrier concentration exceeding 1015 cm–3 the contribution to the SCR recombination velocity from the initial region of SCR that became neutral is significant. From a comparison of theory with experiment, the SCR lifetime and the ratio of the hole to the electron capture cross sections are determined for a number of silicon SCs. The effect of SCR recombination on the key characteristics of highly efficient silicon SCs, such as photoconversion efficiency and open-circuit voltage, has been evaluated. It has been shown that they depend not only on the charge carrier lifetime in SCR, but also on the ratio of hole to electron capture cross sections σp /σn. When σp /σn < 1, this effect is significantly strengthened, while in the opposite case σp /σn > 1 it is weakened. It has been ascertained that in a number of highly efficient silicon SCs, the distribution of the inverse lifetime in SCR is described by the Gaussian one. The effect described in the paper is also significant for silicon diodes with a thin base, p-i-n structures, and for silicon transistors with p-n junctions. In Appendix 2, the need to take into account the lifetime of non-radiative excitonic Auger recombination with participation of deep impurities in silicon is analyzed in detail. It has been shown, in particular, that considering it enables to reconcile the theoretical and experimental dependences for the effective lifetime in the silicon bulk.
Green route to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and their structural, optical and impedance spectral properties
Authors:   PG and Research Department of Physics, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tenkasi-627412, Tamilnadu, India, Vella Durai S.C. , Kumar E. ,   Department of Physics, School of Science, Tamilnadu Open University, Saidapet-600015, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Indira R. ,   PG Department of Chemistry, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, Chrompet-600044, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Published: March 2024

This article investigates biosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) from Moringa oleifera leaves extract using an eco-friendly preparation method. The crystalline structure, optical properties, morphology and impedance characteristics of ZnO NPs were analyzed using impedance spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-vis). The powder XRD pattern confirmed the crystallinity of the prepared samples as well as enabled determining their crystallite size and pure phase portion. The FTIR study confirmed the presence of functional groups responsible for reduction metal ions into ZnO NPs. UV-vis absorption spectra contained the absorption peak corresponding to ZnO NPs. Impedance spectroscopy of the prepared ZnO NPs revealed the grain boundaries in them and confirmed their semiconducting nature.
Relação entre videogames de ação, mindfulness e medo da COVID-19 em universitários
Authors: Rezende Rodrigues Junior Radael , De Melo Rodrigues Livia Carla , Lima de Souza Mariane
Published: March 2024

A interação com videogame aumentou significativamente na pandemia de COVID-19. Por outro lado, um aspecto atencional que pode apresentar alterações relacionadas à quantidade de interação com videogames de ação é o mindfulness. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar uma possível relação entre o uso de videogames de ação (em horas semanais), o mindfulness e o medo da COVID-19. Para tanto, solicitou-se a jogadores e não jogadores de videogames de ação com idades entre 18 e 29 anos (n = 384, M = 21,6, DP = 2,6) que respondessem à Escala de Medo da COVID-19 e à Escala de Facetas do Mindfulness. Os resultados não demonstraram relação significativa entre uso de videogames de ação e mindfulness, mas apontaram que jogadores de videogame de ação apresentaram menos medo da COVID-19. Discute-se como o escapismo proporcionado pelo jogo pode explicar, em parte, uma diminuição da atenção a informações relativas à doença.
Distribution of shifted discrete random walk generated by distinct random variables and applications in ruin theory
Authors: Gervė Simonas , Grigutis Andrius
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the distribution function

\[ \varphi (u)=\mathbb{P}\Bigg(\underset{n\geqslant 1}{\sup }{\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}}({X_{i}}-\kappa )\lt u\Bigg),\]

and the generating function of $\varphi (u+1)$ are set up. We assume that $u\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}$, $\kappa \in \mathbb{N}$, the random walk $\{{\textstyle\sum _{i=1}^{n}}{X_{i}},\hspace{0.1667em}n\in \mathbb{N}\}$ involves $N\in \mathbb{N}$ periodically occurring distributions, and the integer-valued and nonnegative random variables ${X_{1}},{X_{2}},\dots $ are independent. This research generalizes two recent works where $\{\kappa =1,N\in \mathbb{N}\}$ and $\{\kappa \in \mathbb{N},N=1\}$ were considered respectively. The provided sequence of sums $\{{\textstyle\sum _{i=1}^{n}}({X_{i}}-\kappa ),\hspace{0.1667em}n\in \mathbb{N}\}$ generates the so-called multi-seasonal discrete-time risk model with arbitrary natural premium and its known distribution enables to compute the ultimate time ruin probability $1-\varphi (u)$ or survival probability $\varphi (u)$. The obtained theoretical statements are verified in several computational examples where the values of the survival probability $\varphi (u)$ and its generating function are provided when $\{\kappa =2,\hspace{0.1667em}N=2\}$, $\{\kappa =3,\hspace{0.1667em}N=2\}$, $\{\kappa =5,\hspace{0.1667em}N=10\}$ and ${X_{i}}$ adopts the Poisson and some other distributions. The conjecture on the nonsingularity of certain matrices is posed.
Fugitive Papers
Authors: Henisch Bridget Ann
Published: March 2024

Literary trivia concerning paper as a scarce commodity in British history as reflected in literary works from the 16-19th century. First references to use of paper in baking as in waxed paper.
Hukum tentang Penertiban dan Pendayagunaan Tanah Terlantar di Indonesia
Authors: Sa’adah Chotimatus , Sechan Deswinta Elsa Luxiana , Aziziyah Mujdalifatul , Syarofuddin Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Indonesia is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of land area. Despite having abundant natural potential, many parts of the land in Indonesia are still abandoned and have not been utilized optimally. This article discusses the regulation and utilization of abandoned land in Indonesia. This research is normative juridical research by analyzing laws and regulations of the land and relevant legal literature. The results of the study concluded that state land, which is a former abandoned land, can be utilized and utilized through renewal in the agrarian sector, strategic state programs, and reserves owned by the state for the benefit of its people. The existence of laws and regulations related to land reform (agrarian reform) and regulation of land rights is a concrete step by the government to reorganize land ownership, utilization, and management to improve community welfare and overcome land ownership inequality. With this legal basis, the government can take appropriate measures to make better use of wastelands.
Keywords: Wasteland, control, utilization, land.
 
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara terbesar di dunia dalam hal wilayah daratan. Meskipun memiliki potensi alam yang melimpah, banyak baian dari tanah di Indonesia yang masih terlantar dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Artikel ini membahas mengenai penertiban dan pendayagunaan tanah terlantar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis terhadap berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tanah negara yang merupakan bekas tanah terlantar dapat didayagunakan dan dimanfaatkan melalui pembaharuan dalam bidang agraria, program-program yang strategis negara, dan cadangan yang dimiliki oleh negara demi kemaslahatan masyarakatnya. Adanya ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait land reform (reformasi agraria) dan pengaturan hak-hak atas tanah menjadi langkah konkret pemerintah untuk mengatur ulang kepemilikan, pemanfaatan, dan pengelolaan tanah dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan mengatasi masalah ketidaksetaraan kepemilikan tanah. Dengan dasar hukum ini, pemerintah dapat mengambil tindakan yang tepat untuk memanfaatkan tanah terlantar dengan lebih baik.
Kata Kunci: Tanah terlantar, penertiban, pendayagunaan, pertanahan.
Probabilitas Indonesia Untuk Melegalisasi Perkawinan Sejenis Akibat Kampanye dan Propaganda LGBTQ (Studi Kasus Negara Asia-Amerika)
Authors: Tri Wicaksono Agung , Pamungkas Akbar Galih , Coppiens Celsie Aprilla , Mar'ah Sayidatul
Published: March 2024

Pernikahan merupakan penyatuan antara laki-laki dan wanita dalam ikatan yang sah. Dari sini dapat kita pahami bahwa pernikahan yang sah adalah pernikahan antara seorang laki-laki dengan seorang perempuan. Akan tetapi, berbagai perjalanan kehidupan merubah pemikiran beberapa orang bahwa selama sebuah pernikahan dapat membuat mereka bahagia, maka mereka berhak untuk memilih siapapun yang akan menjadi pendampingnya. Maraknya LGBTQ membuat pemikiran beberapa oknum beroikir untuk menyelenggarakan pernikahan sesama jenis. Tulisan ini membantu para pembaca untuk memahami tentang faktor apa saja sebenarnya yang mengakibatkan munculnya pernikahan sejenis dan mengapa dengan orientasi hak asasi manusia beberapa negara Asia maupun Amerika melegalkan hal tersebut. Topik pembahasan ini dipilih oleh para penulis dengan maksud memetakan motivasi pembaca tentang pentingnya kita mengetahui sejauh mana negara Asia-Amerika melegalkan hal tersebut dan apakah tindakan ini dapat mempengaruhi probilitas Indonesia mengenai pernikahan atau perkawinan sejenis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa dari sekian banyak negara Asia-Amerika diantaranya seperti Thailand, Vietnam, dan Amerika, negara-negara tersebut memandang bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi timbulnya jenis pernikahan ini, salah satunya adalah pelaksanaan dari Hak Asasi Manusia yang terlalu diberikan secara bebas. Berbeda dengan beberapa negara tersebut, justru Indonesia berdiri tegak dengan tegas bahwa mereka belum mengatur adanya pelegalan jenis pernikahan ini. akan tetapi, larangan dan perintah pelaksanaan pernikahan tertulis jelas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Perkawinan Indonesia.
Pencantuman Logo Halal secara Ilegal menurut Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Syarifah Ayudewi  , Maghfiro Sinta Camiliatul , Mamduh Najmuz Zuhhad
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The Government of Indonesia has passed Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee. The law regulates halal certification to provide legal certainty for consumers in Indonesia. However, in practice, many business actors still do not understand the importance of halal certification, so many business actors commit deviant actions, including illegally displaying halal logos. This journal discusses the illegal inclusion of halal logos according to Islamic Penal law. This research is normative juridical research. The primary legal materials in this study are laws, the Qur'an, and hadith. Secondary legal materials are books, articles, and journals. The collected data is analysed descriptively based on Islamic penal law. This study concludes that violations of the inclusion of halal logos are regulated in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 of 2021 concerning Halal Product Assurance Providers in Article 149, paragraphs (1) to (6). Article 149, paragraph (1) explains that violations of JPH implementation are subject to administrative sanctions. Then, paragraph (2) explained the stages of sanctions, starting with written warnings, administrative fines, revocation of halal certificates and/or withdrawal of circulating goods. The punishment is in accordance with the concept of takzir in Islamic criminal law.
Keywords: Logo, halal, illegal, Islamic penal law.
Abstrak: Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengesahkan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal. Undang-undang tersebut mengatur tentang sertifikasi halal untuk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para konsumen di Indonesia. Namun pada prakteknya masih banyak pelaku usaha yang tidak memahami tentang pentingnya sertifikasi halal, sehingga banyak pelaku usaha yang melakukan perbuatan yang menyeleweng di antaranya dengan mencantumkan logo halal secara ilegal. Jurnal ini membahas tentang pencantuman logo halal secara ilegal menurut hukum Pidana Islam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Bahan hukum primer dalam penelitian ini adalah undang-undang, al-Qur’an, dan hadis. Bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku, artikel, dan jurnal. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan hukum pidana Islam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelanggaran pencantuman logo halal diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggara Bidang Jaminan Produk Halal pada pasal 149 ayat (1) sampai (6). Dalam pasal 149 ayat (1) dijelaskan bahwa pelanggaran terhadap penyelenggaraan JPH dikenakan sanksi administratif. Kemudian pada ayat (2) dijelaskan tahapan-tahapan sanksi yang dimulai peringatan tertulis, denda administratif, pencabutan sertifikat halal dan/atau penarikan barang peredaran. Hukuman tersebut sesuai dengan konsep takzir dalam hukum pidana Islam.
Kata kunci: Logo, halal, ilegal, hukum pidana Islam.
Proses Mediasi dan Arbitrase dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa di Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Surabaya
Authors: Amarta Alif Tirta , Huri Daman
Published: March 2024

Abstract: There are many disputes in society, especially between consumers and business actors. Data from the Surabaya Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency from 2019-2022 totals approximately 100 disputes. Dispute resolution at the Surabaya Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency is in accordance with what is regulated in Law no. 30 of 1999. However, in resolving disputes at the Surabaya Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency from 2019-2020, according to existing data, at most two dispute resolution methods were used, namely Mediation and Arbitration. This article aims to find out the comparison in the mediation and arbitration dispute resolution process at the Surabaya Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency. This writing uses an empirical approach with collection techniques through observations supported by interviews. The results of this research conclude that in the comparison of the administrative processes between arbitration and mediation they are the same. What is different when entering the trial is that there are several things that are different. One of them concerns the difference in the role of the assembly as a mediator between business actors and consumers. The role of the tribunal when resolving through arbitration will be active, whereas if resolving through mediation the tribunal will be passive.
Keywords: Comparison, Mediation, Arbitration, Consumer Disputes.
 
Abstrak: Terdapat banyak sengketa di masyarakat khususnya antara pihak konsumen dan pihak pelaku usaha. Data Badan Penyelesaian Segketa Konsumen Surabaya dari tahun 2019-2022 total sebanyak kurang lebih 100 sengketa. Penyelesaian sengketa di Badan Peyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Surabaya telah sesuai dengan yang diatur didalam UU No. 30 Tahun 1999. Tetapi didalam penyelesaian sengketa di Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Surabaya dari tahun 2019-2020 sesuai data yang ada paling banyak menggunakan dua cara penyelesaian sengeketa yaitu Mediasi dan Arbitrase. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa mediasi dan arbitrase di Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Surabaya. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan melalui observasi/pengamatan didukung dengan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa didalam perbandingan proses administrasi antara arbitrase dengan mediasi mnunjukkan hasil yang sama. Hal yang membedakan ialah terletak pada saat proses persidangan dan beberapa hal yang berbeda. Salah satunya mengenai perbedaan peran majelis sebagai penengah antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen. Peran majelis jika menyelesaikan secara arbitrase akan bersifat aktif sebaliknya jika penyelesaiannya secara mediasi majelis akan bersifat pasif.
Kata Kunci: Perbandingan, mediasi, arbitrase, sengketa konsumen.
About Internal Sources of Reforming the Russian Higher Education System: System-Thought-Activity Methodology of G.P. Shchedrovitsky
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Garbuzov Dmitry , Mlechko Alexandr ,   Volgograd State University
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the internal sources of reform in the Russian higher education system in the post-Soviet period. The ideological design of the reforms is in line with the popular concept of University 3.0. But behind the facade of this Western model, internal sources of reform are also quite clearly revealed. The main topic of discussion is the ideas of G.P. Shchedrovitsky, which are now shaping ongoing reforms. Different followers have embraced their impact on the transformation of pedagogical science. Among the reforms is the emphasis in teaching on the method (competence) rather than the subject (knowledge). G.P. Shchedrovitsky especially emphasizes the popular and relevant idea of "continuous (conjunctural) education" today, suggesting that in conditions of high social mobility, a modern person is forced to regularly change the scope of his professional activity and constantly receive additional education. Therefore, the educational process should move not from the subject but from the method. Subject knowledge has become too broad; it is impossible to teach it to everyone in a reasonable time. At the same time, reference databases exist and are easily accessible, so they can always be consulted. Therefore, from the point of view of G.P. Shchedrovitsky, a real alternative is the methodological rationalization of the learning process, a transfer to the so-called active methods of teaching and education. But for this to happen, pedagogical science itself must be purposefully designed and constructed in the same way that a design engineer builds a machine. The basis of the new pedagogy should be the study of the psychological characteristics of the learning process and the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. Understanding the psychology of the learning process should be embodied in the instrumental technology of the educational process. Thus, we can talk, at a minimum, about the coincidence and synergy of internal sources of reforming education and science with attempts to integrate Russia into the Western cultural space in the post-Soviet period.
Habitualization of Scientific Enlightenment
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Gorina Tatyana
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the features and results of the habitualization of scientific enlightenment. It is shown that such habitualization helps to overcome a number of obstacles that arise during the popularization of science, both on the part of scientists and on the part of the public. The application of P. Bourdieu's approach allows us to explain that, thanks to the cognitive and motivating structures formed during habitualization, members of the public can recognize high-quality popular science information and discover and use the opportunities associated with it. The habitualization of scientific enlightenment contributes to the emergence and development of a predisposition to perceive such information in various formats, which is associated with the need to change the attitude of the public both to science and to the methods of transmitting scientific knowledge to non-specialists. Based on habitus, patterns of perception, understanding, and evaluation that arise in the process of habitualization of scientific enlightenment, the scientific picture of the world is legitimized, which makes the scientific view of the world familiar and increases the access of subsequent generations to scientific resources. Habitualization leads to an increase in interest in the scientific explanation of reality on the part of ordinary people, the exchange of knowledge between scientists and the general public, and the latter's involvement in solving scientific problems. It is noted that habitualization creates a predisposition among scientists to participate in the popularization of science. Their involvement in scientific enlightenment is due to overcoming such barriers as reluctance to be distracted from scientific research, fears regarding misinterpretation or distortion of scientific ideas, difficulties in presenting scientific knowledge in a publicly accessible form, etc. It is emphasized that the habitualization of scientific enlightenment ensures integrity, stability, and orderliness of activities in the field of popularization of science, reduces the degree of conflict in the interaction of individuals with different social status, life experience, and basic training, and promotes the assimilation of the achievements of modern science through institutes of scientific enlightenment, allowing for the use of cognitive potential and the development of effective strategies for translating scientific knowledge.
Informed Voluntary Consent of the Patient: Institutionalization of Practices in Modern Russia
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Khomutova Natalya , Zelenskaya Tatyana ,   Northwest State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Published: March 2024

The state has initiated the institutionalization of voluntary consent practices before medical intervention, recognizing that social well-being is a crucial factor in the provision of medical care. Today, informed voluntary consent (IVC) of the patient is being formalized, but the problem of trust in the healthcare system remains. An analysis of social patients' practices shows that consent has not been formalized, and a favorable public opinion about the healthcare system as an institution of trust in the medical system has not yet occurred. The conclusions are based on data from a survey of young people aged 18 to 35 years – patients of medical organizations in St. Petersburg. The sample is multi-stage, with nests (medical organizations) being selected first, followed by a purposeful sample, and the selection criterion for respondents is receiving medical care at the institution during the study period. This article presents an analysis of violations in signing informed consent and the reasons for their occurrence, as well as a patient assessment of the procedure and the IVC document. The obtained findings allow us to state that in order to improve the quality of medical care and increase trust in medical organizations, it is necessary to conduct additional explanatory work on medical interventions in written and accessible form for people who do not have special knowledge and are not familiar with medical and legal terminology. The IVC should have a place for indicating the performer of the medical intervention and special conditions that could be filled in considering the individual characteristics of the patient and the capabilities of the organization providing medical services. In a broader research perspective, it is worth paying attention to the discussion of bioethical documents, which are not always conducted from a conservative position; on the contrary, the principles of bioethics are questioned and new grounds are sought for its modernization; there is talk of "ambiguous ethics" and the impossibility of solving all problems within the framework of institutionalization theory.
Sociocultural Aspects of Modern Identification Processes
Authors:   Saratov State University, Listvina Evgeniya , Orlov Mikhail ,   Saratov State University, Ryazanov Alexander ,   Saratov State University
Published: March 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of multiple identities and the specifics of their interaction in modern conditions. Plurality of identities, on the one hand, is considered a normal phenomenon that explains complex social communications and allows an individual to optimally participate in a diverse modern social life, applying to various situations. On the other hand, the authors note that in conditions of social, political, economic, and cultural mobility, the phenomenon of identity also turns out to be in an unstable state, which is aggravated by the fact that the phenomenon of identity itself is not completely static. If a few decades ago an equivalent diversity of identities implied their interaction, multicultural polyphony, where a plurality of identities could be realized as much as possible, then at the beginning of the twenty-first century, a request for hierarchization and ordering of identities arises in society. In the article, the authors attempt to determine by what criteria it is possible to build a hierarchy of identities, on which social and cultural events, accents, and preferences this hierarchy will depend, whether it will be accepted by the whole society, or whether it will require taking into account group subcultural specifics. The authors note the desire for the dominance of civil and civilizational identities based on cultural identity as a deep foundation. Civil identity in a multinational state with ethnic, cultural, and economic diversity among regions presupposes a strong consolidating resource. The needs of society for a clear definition of the civilizational vectors of modern Russia make the question of defining civilizational identity one of the most demanded. The article also examines how purposeful social and institutional formation of identities and their conscious alignment into a hierarchical pyramid is possible.