bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Functions, Theory of Mind Abilities, and Personality Dispositions as Potential Predictors of the Detection of Reciprocity in Deceptive and Cooperative Contexts through Different Age Groups
Authors: Florkin Anne-Lise , Rosi Alessia , Lecce Serena , Cavallini Elena
Published: December 2023

Reciprocity is a fundamental element in social interactions and implies an adequate response to the previous actions of our interactant. It is thus crucial to detect if a person is cooperating, deceiving, or cheating, to properly respond. However, older adults have been shown to have a lower ability to detect reciprocity compared to younger adults, partially tying this decline to cognitive functions. Another likely association to reciprocity in literature is made with personality dispositions, i.e., agreeableness, altruism, and empathic concern, and Theory of Mind (ToM). Consequently, the present study investigated age-related differences in the detection of the different components of reciprocity, as well as examined the predictors of reciprocity, such as cognitive measures, personality dispositions, and true and false beliefs in young (n = 98; 20–39 years), middle-aged (n = 106; 40–64 years), and older adults (n = 103; 65–96 years). The Mind Picture Story-Theory of Mind Questionnaire was used to measure the reciprocity components and true and false beliefs in each group. This study reported a significant decline in reciprocity detection from adults aged 65 years old and over. Additionally, the ability to detect reciprocity was significantly linked to cognitive functioning and ToM across all age groups, especially in older adults.
Life Satisfaction and Psychological Capital in Athletes with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Zabala-Dominguez Olatz , Rubio Florido Isabel , Lázaro Fernández Yolanda , Borrajo Mena Erika
Published: December 2023

Athletes with physical disabilities practice fewer sports than people without disabilities due to the difficulties and barriers they face in their daily lives. Sports are a powerful tool offering multiple physical, psychological and social benefits and act as a facilitator in their societal integration and inclusion. Today, more and more studies are analysing the psychological strengths of athletes, as well as their well-being. This research aimed to describe the levels of life satisfaction and psychological capital in a sample of physically disabled athletes according to the following variables: age, gender, degree of dependence, type of disability and level of competition. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 101 federated athletes with physical disabilities in the Basque Autonomous Community, with a valid return rate of 79 participants. A study of the relationship between variables was conducted using student’s t-test and ANOVA. A stepwise hierarchical multiple linear regression was also performed to assess the predictive capabilities of the analysed variables on life satisfaction. The findings showed that gender, degree of dependence and level of competition correlated with the psychological capital and life satisfaction of athletes with disabilities; male athletes scored higher in the self-efficacy and hope dimensions of psychological capital; athletes with lower levels of dependence scored higher on life satisfaction; and international athletes scored higher on psychological capital, specifically on the self-efficacy dimension. Finally, psychological capital and degree of dependence also had a significant influence on athletes’ life satisfaction.
The Load-Bearing Capacity and Deformability of Connections of Wooden Elements with Composite Materials Based on Fiberglass
Authors: Tusnin Alexander , Nikolay Linkov , Aleksandr Klyukin
Published: December 2023

The research focuses on connections of wooden structural elements with composite materials based on fiberglass. An overview of existing research and regulatory technical documents in the field of connections between wooden elements and composite materials based on fiberglass has been conducted. A type of connection for wooden elements with composite materials based on fiberglass is proposed. The article presents the results of strength and deformability studies of the developed connection. Strength characteristics are established in the form of the slice resistance of the composite material along the welding seam in the connection, a tear resistance of the composite material from the base, and the chipping of the composite material. The deformability characteristics of fiberglass connections under short-term machine testing with linearly increasing load in samples have been determined.
Manufacturing of Fired Clay Bricks for Internal Walls with Dolomite Residue as a Secondary Material
Authors: Kandymov Nurmurat , Korpayev Serdar , Durdyev Serdar , Myratberdiyev Rejepmyrat , Gurbanmyradova Leyla
Published: December 2023

Alternative materials need to be mapped, characterized, and valued in order to reduce clay usage. A study was conducted on the utilization of waste dolomite material from a mirror manufacturing factory in the production of bricks where the factory disposes 2500 tons of dolomite waste annually. Dolomite residue was mixed with clay raw material in various mass ratios of 90/10, 87.5/12.5, 85/15, and 82.5/17.5 wt%, extruded with proper moisture content, dried at 110 °C, and fired at 1000 °C and 1100 °C. The addition of dolomite resulted in an efflorescence on the surface of the bricks while also providing thermal insulation advantages and higher fire resistance. The addition of dolomite allowed for an increase in firing temperature to 1100 °C, which was initially not possible due to the melting characteristics of the clay. Dolomite also decreased the density of the bricks, which is crucial in order to decrease the dead load in structures. The produced bricks are intended for internal wall applications because of the efflorescence on the surface of the bricks. Overall, the addition of dolomite improved thermal conductivity and density, and other characteristics also showed suitable results.
Reviewing the Potential of Phase Change Materials in Concrete Pavements for Anti-Freezing Capabilities and Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Authors: Asadi Iman , Jacobsen Stefan , Baghban Mohammad Hajmohammadian , Maghfouri Mehdi , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: December 2023

This study provides an overview of how phase change materials (PCMs) can improve the resistance of concrete pavement to freeze–thaw cycles and mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The investigation covers different types of PCMs and methods for integrating them into concrete pavement, as well as the mechanical properties and compressive strength of concrete pavement when employing various PCMs. Prior studies have identified porous aggregates, microencapsulation, and pipelines containing liquid PCM as common approaches for PCM integration. Researchers have observed that the utilization of PCMs in concrete pavement yields favorable thermal properties, suggesting the potential for anti-freezing and UHI mitigation applications. However, the choice of PCM materials should be informed by local climate conditions.
Evaluating Earthquake Stability of Solar Module Soundproofing Structure by 3D Numerical Analysis
Authors: Kwon Sun Yong , Kim Jongkwan , Yoo Mintaek
Published: December 2023

In this study, dynamic numerical analysis was conducted on the existing sound barrier wall structure and the recently developed double-sided solar-module-integrated sound barrier wall structure using the finite-difference method for numerical modeling. A seismic safety evaluation was performed based on a series of numerical analysis results. Both structures were modeled using a 3D modeling technique with FLAC 3D to account for differences in lateral stiffness. For seismic considerations, the Pohang seismic wave was selected to represent short-period earthquakes in line with Korea’s seismic characteristics. Additionally, the Hachinohe seismic wave was chosen to simulate long-period earthquakes and consider the effects of the seismic period. To calculate the input seismic waves based on the ground response, a site response analysis was conducted for a site designated for demonstrating a double-sided solar module-integrated sound barrier wall structure in Korea. The analysis reveals that the existing structure maintains overall structural integrity and ensures the safety of solar modules even in an earthquake with a return period of 2400 years. However, for a solar module-integrated sound barrier wall structure, stresses exceeding the compressive strength of the solar module occur in earthquakes with a return period exceeding 1000 years, necessitating additional design and reinforcement for preparation.
Experimental Study on Bond Behavior between CFRP and Concrete with a Convex-Circular Arc Interface
Authors: Qu Fulai , Wei Hexiang , Lu Hailu , Feng Dakuo , Meng Qingxin , Zhao Shunbo
Published: December 2023

The bond performance of CFRP to concrete plays a vital role in CFRP strengthening on concrete structures. In this paper, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the bond performance of CFRP to concrete with a convex-circular arc interface. The main factors were the curvature of the concrete surface and the bond length and the layers of the CFRP laminate. Based on the experimental results, the failure mode of the bond specimens, the variation of the bond capacity, the CFRP strain, and the bond–slip constitutive model are analyzed. The results showed that most of the specimens failed to peel off the interface concrete, and the bond capacity tended to increase with the increase in bond length when the bond length was within an effective value. When the interface curvature increased to 1/0.8 m, the bond capacity tended to increase due to the CFRP exerting a certain pressure on the concrete surface. The prediction formula of the bond capacity between the CFRP and concrete is proposed considering the influence of the interface curvature. The bond–slip curves are given out based on the finite differential analysis of the strain distribution of CFRP laminates. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed model are verified with a comparison to the test results and other existing models.
Developing Place Attachment in Master-Planned Residential Estates in Sydney: The Influence of Neighbourhood Parks
Authors: Yang Chunyan , Shi Song , Runeson Goran
Published: December 2023

Master-Planned Residential Estate (MPRE) is an integrated housing development form in Australia. MPREs are aimed to build a sense of place attachment and community via the provision of environmental and social infrastructure. Neighbourhood parks are regarded as a significant built environmental factor linked to residents’ place attachment and well-being in the literature. Understanding place attachment is crucial for promoting residents’ well-being in neighbourhoods and enhancing the attractiveness of real estates in the housing market. However, we know little about how place attachment is facilitated for park users in neighbourhoods. The psychological process of place attachment in MPREs is unclear in the literature, with a particular lack of qualitative studies in this area. This study explored the psychological process of place attachment and its associations with neighbourhood parks in MPREs in Sydney via a qualitative case study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 residents residing in two selected MPREs in Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Interviews found three themes and several subthemes regarding the process of place attachment for park users in MPREs: affect (emotional bonds), behaviour (place-related fulfilment of needs, place-related social bonds, and community participation), and cognition (membership of the community, place-related memory, and cultural significance). This study contributes to understanding place attachment and human-environment relations in sustainable neighbourhoods by adding new items into place attachment models from the perspective of MPREs in Sydney. It provides valuable qualitative evidence gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings furnish empirical insights for policymakers, developers, and urban planners involved in sustainable neighbourhoods’ development and housing management in Sydney and global regions.
Nonlinear Coupled Vibration Behavior of BFRP Cables on Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges under Parametric Excitation
Authors: Yang Yaqiang , Zhou Zixian , Guan Yanlin , Shi Jianzhe , Zhan Qiwei , Fahmy Mohamed F. M. , Wu Bitao
Published: December 2023

Based on the cable-stayed beam model, this paper studies the nonlinear coupled vibration behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) cables on long-span cable-stayed bridges under parametric excitation. Considering the sag, damping of BFRP cables, and the coupled interactions between stayed cables and the main girder, the nonlinear coupling vibration model of the BFRP cable–beam composite structure has been established. Taking the longest cable of Sutong Bridge as a case study, the nonlinear coupled vibration behavior of BFRP cables under parametric excitation has been numerically analyzed using the finite difference method. The analysis results indicate that (1) under parametric excitation, the large amplitude nonlinear vibration of the BFRP cable will be induced with an evident “beat” phenomenon. (2) Under the same parametric excitation, the nonlinear coupling vibration response and the beta frequency of the BFRP cable were both smaller than that of the traditional steel cable. (3) The nonlinear coupling vibration response of the BFRP cable increased with an increment in excitation amplitude and a decrement in cable force. With the increase in the excitation frequency, weight per unit length, and axial stiffness, the nonlinear vibration response of the BFRP cable increased first and then decreased. Meanwhile, the damping ratio of the BFRP cable had no significant influence on the nonlinear coupling vibration.
Visible-Light-Driven α-C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Tian Yao , Bu Xiubin , Chen Yuanrui , Wang Luohe , E Junnan , Zeng Jing , Xu Hao , Han Aihong , Yang Xiaobo , Zhao Zhen
Published: December 2023

The glycine motif is widely prevalent in bioactive peptides. Thus, the direct and precise modification of glycine derivatives has attracted significant attention over the past few decades. Among various protocols for the modification of glycine derivatives, the visible-light-driven direct α-C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of glycine derivatives has emerged as a powerful tool to achieve this objective, owing to its merits in atom economy, selectivity, reaction simplicity, and sustainability. This review summarizes the recent advancements in visible-light-driven direct α-C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of glycine derivatives. The contents of this review are organized based on the photocatalysts employed and the various reaction modes in the functionalization process. The mechanism, the challenges encountered, and future trends are also discussed, enabling readers to understand the current developmental status in this field.
The Immobilization of β-Galactosidase on Glass Fiber Rolls
Authors: Pečar Darja , Zečević Katja , Goršek Andreja
Published: December 2023

The usability of glass fibers as immobilization support with a porous open structure was investigated. We developed a method to immobilize the enzyme β-galactosidase on special glass fiber rolls. The new method is simple, non-expensive and industrially applicable. Glutaraldehyde was used as a non-specific cross-linking agent for the covalent binding of β-galactosidase on modified glass fibers. The efficiency of immobilization was tested with the known hydrolysis of lactose. All experiments were performed in a continuous laboratory reactor. The influence of the reaction temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C), the substrate flow rate (1, 2 and 3 mL/min) and the pH of the reaction medium (6, 7 and 8) on the conversion was investigated. The reaction efficiency was monitored by measuring the glucose concentration with a spectrophotometer. High immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity and stability were obtained. The optimal reaction temperature, substrate flow rate and pH were found. The activity and stability of the enzyme entrapped on the glass fiber rolls remained almost unchanged during reuse, which is promising for potential industrial applications.
Carbon Monoxide and Propylene Catalytic Oxidation Activity of Noble Metals (M = Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au) Loaded on the Surface of Ce0.875Zr0.125O2 (110)
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Cao Xuesong , Guo Lili , Fang Zhihao , Feng Di , Sun Xiaomin
Published: December 2023

With the advances in engine technology, the exhaust gas temperature of automobiles has further reduced, which in turn leads to an increase in the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs). In order to understand the influence of CeO2-based catalysts loaded with different noble metals on the catalytic oxidation activity of CO and HCs, this study constructed catalyst models of Ce0.875Zr0.125O2 (100) surfaces loaded with Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au. The electronic density and state density structures of the catalysts were analyzed, and the reaction energy barriers for CO oxidation and C3H6 dehydrogenation oxidation on the catalyst surfaces were also calculated. Furthermore, the activity sequences of the catalysts were explored. The results revealed that after loading Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au atoms onto the catalyst surfaces, these noble metal atoms exhibited strong interactions with the catalyst surfaces, and electron transfer occurred between the noble metal atoms and the catalyst surfaces. Loading with noble metals can enhance the catalytic activity of CO oxidation, but it has little effect on the dehydrogenation oxidation of C3H6. Of the different noble metals, loading with Pd exhibits the best catalytic activity for both CO and C3H6 oxidation. This study elucidated the influence of noble metal doping on the catalytic activity of catalysts at the molecular level, providing theoretical guidance for the design of a new generation of green and efficient catalysts.
The Role of p53 in Nanoparticle-Based Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Szewczyk-Roszczenko Olga , Barlev Nikolai A.
Published: December 2023

p53 is arguably one of the most important tumor suppressor genes in humans. Due to the paramount importance of p53 in the onset of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the p53 gene is found either silenced or mutated in the vast majority of cancers. Furthermore, activated wild-type p53 exhibits a strong bystander effect, thereby activating apoptosis in surrounding cells without being physically present there. For these reasons, p53-targeted therapy that is designed to restore the function of wild-type p53 in cancer cells seems to be a very appealing therapeutic approach. Systemic delivery of p53-coding DNA or RNA using nanoparticles proved to be feasible both in vitro and in vivo. In fact, one p53-based therapeutic (gendicine) is currently approved for commercial use in China. However, the broad use of p53-based therapy in p53-inactivated cancers is severely restricted by its inadequate efficacy. This review highlights the current state-of-the-art in this area of biomedical research and also discusses novel approaches that may help overcome the shortcomings of p53-targeting nanomedicine.
Thyroid Hormone and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Therapeutic Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Authors: Ramanathan Raghu , Patwa Sohum A. , Ali Ahmad Hassan , Ibdah Jamal A.
Published: December 2023

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a widespread global health concern that affects around 25% of the global population. Its influence is expanding, and it is anticipated to overtake alcohol as the leading cause of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no approved therapies for MASLD; as such, national and international regulatory health agencies undertook strategies and action plans designed to expedite the development of drugs for treatment of MASLD. A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet intake are important risk factors. Western countries have a greater estimated prevalence of MASLD partly due to lifestyle habits. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly linked to the development of MASLD. Further, it has been speculated that mitophagy, a type of mitochondrial quality control, may be impaired in MASLD. Thyroid hormone (TH) coordinates signals from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to control mitochondrial biogenesis and function in hepatocytes. Mitochondria are known TH targets, and preclinical and clinical studies suggest that TH, thyroid receptor β (TR-β) analogs, and synthetic analogs specific to the liver could be of therapeutic benefit in treating MASLD. In this review, we highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to development of MASLD, and how understanding the role of TH in improving mitochondrial function paved the way for innovative drug development programs of TH-based therapies targeting MASLD.
Exploring the Safety of Pllans-II and Antitumoral Potential of Its Recombinant Isoform in Cervical Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sevilla-Sánchez María José , Montoya-Gómez Alejandro , Osorno-Valencia Daniel , Montealegre-Sánchez Leonel , Mosquera-Escudero Mildrey , Jiménez-Charris Eliécer
Published: December 2023

The antitumor potential of proteins from snake venoms has been studied in recent decades, and evidence has emerged that phospholipases A2 can selectively attack cells of various types of tumors. Previous results have shown that phospholipase A2 “Pllans-II,” isolated from Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii snake venom, displayed antitumoral activity on cervical cancer and did not alter the viability of non-tumorigenic cells. However, until now, there was no evidence of its safety at the local and systemic levels, nor had experiments been developed to demonstrate that its production using recombinant technology allows us to obtain a molecule with effects similar to those generated by native phospholipase. Thus, we evaluated the impact caused by Pllans-II on murine biomodels, determining whether it induced local hemorrhage or increased pro-inflammatory and liver damage markers and histological alterations in the liver and kidneys. Additionally, the protein was produced using recombinant technology using a pET28a expression vector and the BL21 (DE3) Escherichia coli strain. Equally, its enzymatic activity and anticancer effect were evaluated on cervical cancer lines such as HeLa and Ca Ski. The results demonstrated that Pllans-II did not generate hemorrhagic activity, nor did it increase the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1B, or TNF-α at doses of 3.28, 1.64, and 0.82 mg/kg. There was also no evidence of organ damage, and only ALT and AST increased in mild levels at the two highest concentrations. Additionally, the recombinant version of Pllans-II showed conservation in its catalytic activity and the ability to generate death in HeLa and Ca Ski cells (42% and 23%, respectively). These results demonstrate the innocuity of Pllans-II at the lowest dose and constitute an advance in considering a molecule produced using recombinant technology a drug candidate for selective attacks against cervical cancer.
Exploring the Multifaceted Biologically Relevant Roles of circRNAs: From Regulation, Translation to Biomarkers
Authors: Hoque Parsa , Romero Brigette , Akins Robert E , Batish Mona
Published: December 2023

CircRNAs are a category of regulatory RNAs that have garnered significant attention in the field of regulatory RNA research due to their structural stability and tissue-specific expression. Their circular configuration, formed via back-splicing, results in a covalently closed structure that exhibits greater resistance to exonucleases compared to linear RNAs. The distinctive regulation of circRNAs is closely associated with several physiological processes, as well as the advancement of pathophysiological processes in several human diseases. Despite a good understanding of the biogenesis of circular RNA, details of their biological roles are still being explored. With the steady rise in the number of investigations being carried out regarding the involvement of circRNAs in various regulatory pathways, understanding the biological and clinical relevance of circRNA-mediated regulation has become challenging. Given the vast landscape of circRNA research in the development of the heart and vasculature, we evaluated cardiovascular system research as a model to critically review the state-of-the-art understanding of the biologically relevant functions of circRNAs. We conclude the review with a discussion of the limitations of current functional studies and provide potential solutions by which these limitations can be addressed to identify and validate the meaningful and impactful functions of circRNAs in different physiological processes and diseases.
Decreased Plasma Levels of Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid in Previously Treated and First-Episode Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Marković Miloš , Petronijević Nataša , Stašević Milena , Stašević Karličić Ivana , Velimirović Milica , Stojković Tihomir , Ristić Slavica , Stojković Mina , Milić Nataša , Nikolić Tatjana
Published: December 2023

Tryptophan (TRP) catabolites exert neuroactive effects, with the plethora of evidence suggesting that kynurenic acid (KYNA), a catabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP), acts as the regulator of glutamate and acetylcholine in the brain, contributing to the schizophrenia pathophysiology. Newer evidence regarding measures of KP metabolites in the blood of schizophrenia patients and from the central nervous system suggest that blood levels of these metabolites by no means could reflect pathological changes of TRP degradation in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma concentrations of TRP, kynurenine (KYN) and KYNA at the acute phase and remission of schizophrenia in a prospective, case-control study of highly selected and matched schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. Our study revealed significantly decreased KYN and KYNA in schizophrenia patients (p < 0.001), irrespective of illness state, type of antipsychotic treatment, number of episodes or illness duration and no differences in the KYN/TRP ratio between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. These findings could be interpreted as indices that kynurenine pathway might not be dysregulated in the periphery and that other factors contribute to observed disturbances in concentrations, but as our study had certain limitations, we cannot draw definite conclusions. Further studies, especially those exploring other body compartments that participate in kynurenine pathway, are needed.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal microRNAs in Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Bhaskara Meghana , Anjorin Olufisayo , Wang Meijing
Published: December 2023

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is one of the most promising modalities for cardiac repair. Accumulated evidence suggests that the therapeutic value of MSCs is mainly attributable to exosomes. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) replicate the beneficial effects of MSCs by regulating various cellular responses and signaling pathways implicated in cardiac regeneration and repair. miRNAs constitute an important fraction of exosome content and are key contributors to the biological function of MSC-Exo. MSC-Exo carrying specific miRNAs provides anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and angiogenic effects within the infarcted heart. Studying exosomal miRNAs will provide an important insight into the molecular mechanisms of MSC-Exo in cardiac regeneration and repair. This significant information can help optimize cell-free treatment and overcome the challenges associated with MSC-Exo therapeutic application. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and the potential mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomal miRNAs in cardiac repair and regeneration.
An Overview of Golgi Membrane-Associated Degradation (GOMED) and Its Detection Methods
Authors: Sakurai Hajime Tajima , Arakawa Satoko , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Torii Satoru , Honda Shinya , Shimizu Shigeomi
Published: December 2023

Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components and is performed using Atg5 and other molecules originating from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. On the other hand, we identified an alternative type of autophagy, namely, Golgi membrane-associated degradation (GOMED), which also utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components, but does not use Atg5 originating from the Golgi membranes. The GOMED pathway involves Ulk1, Wipi3, Rab9, and other molecules, and plays crucial roles in a wide range of biological phenomena, such as the regulation of insulin secretion and neuronal maintenance. We here describe the overview of GOMED, methods to detect autophagy and GOMED, and to distinguish GOMED from autophagy.
The Rating of Perceived Exertion—Pediatric (RPE-P) Scale: Preliminary Validation
Authors: LiaBraaten Brynn , Stolzman Stacy , Simpson Pippa M. , Zhang Liyun , Brockman Taylor , Linneman Nina , Weisman Steven J. , Hainsworth Keri R.
Published: December 2023

Physical activity is critical to functional rehabilitation for youth with chronic pain, which may be especially true for those with co-occurring obesity. To facilitate the development of physical activity interventions for youth with chronic pain, the newly developed “Rating of Perceived Exertion—Pediatric” scale was modeled after the widely used pain numeric rating scale-11. This study is an initial evaluation of the scale in a sample of adolescents (n = 157, 13–17 years, 51% female) with four subgroups: (1) healthy controls (healthy weight/no pain); (2) chronic pain/healthy weight; (3) obese (no pain); (4) chronic pain/obese. Participants rated perceived exertion using the new scale and the Borg 6–20 Scale of Perceived Exertion while holding a three-minute yoga pose (Warrior II). In the whole sample, the Perceived Exertion—Pediatric scale showed good concurrent (p < 0.001), convergent (all ps < 0.05), discriminant (p = 0.431), and known-groups validity (all ps < 0.05). The chronic pain subgroup also showed good concurrent (p < 0.001), mixed convergent (ps < 0.001 to 0.315), and good discriminant validity (p = 0.607). Limitations include the restricted age range, lack of diversity, and lack of test-retest reliability. The RPE-P shows promise as an assessment tool for perceived exertion in adolescents with and without chronic pain.
External Esophageal Stenting Technique in Palliation for Tracheal Agenesis in a Case of Esophageal Lung: A Lesson Learned from the Experience for Tracheomalacia
Authors: Hirotani Taichi , Tamura Ryo , Ando Makoto , Okajima Hideaki
Published: December 2023

Tracheal agenesis (TA) is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 1 per 50,000 newborns. It appears at birth with severe respiratory distress, cyanosis, and inaudible crying. Prompt esophageal intubation and long-term management of the esophageal airway are essential to overcome this catastrophic condition. In the long-term management, external stenting of the esophageal airway has been reported as promising to support the fragile esophageal wall; this technique was taken from the surgery for tracheomalacia. We experienced a case of an infant with tracheal agenesis whose respiratory status was stabilized after external esophageal stenting. The stenting was performed based on a lesson learned in the extensive experience in the surgical treatment for tracheomalacia, and the surgical techniques for successful stenting are herein described.
Does Foveal Hypoplasia Affect Emmetropization in Patients with Albinism?
Authors: Kessel Line , Kjølholm Christine Dahlgren Bohnsack , Jordana Joaquim Torner
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to describe refractive development from early childhood to adulthood in Danish patients with albinism and to evaluate the effect of foveal developmental stage on refractive development; (2) Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ocular or oculocutaneous albinism were invited for a refractive evaluation and comprehensive phenotyping including macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Foveal hypoplasia was graded based on OCT from 0 (normal) to 4 (absence of any signs of foveal specialization). Medical files were reviewed for historical refractive values in individual patients; (3) Results: Hyperopia (spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) of ≥+1 Diopter (D)) was common in both children (81.3%) and adults (67.1%). The lower prevalence of hyperopia in adults was predominantly explained by increasing astigmatism with age. Emmetropization (>2D change from before 3 years to adolescence) was seen in 22.2%. There was no influence on foveal hypoplasia grade on the degree of refractive errors throughout life; (4) Conclusions: We found that emmetropization was uncommon in Danish patients with albinism and that the degree of foveal developmental stage did not influence emmetropization or the distribution of refractive errors. High degrees of hyperopia and astigmatism were common. These results indicate that fear of impeding emmetropization should not refrain the clinician from providing adequate correction for refractive errors in young children with albinism.
Emotional Adjustment among Adolescent Students with and without Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Martín-Ruiz Isaías , González-Valenzuela María-José , Infante-Cañete Lidia
Published: December 2023

Adolescence is a psychologically vulnerable stage in which problems of emotional adjustment and psychological well-being can appear. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship and comparison of emotional deficits and resources among adolescents with or without specific learning disabilities. We evaluated 80 students distributed into two groups: 40 adolescents with specific learning disabilities and 40 normative adolescents matched with the previous group in terms of age, sex, and school year. The study variables are internalising problems (anxiety and depression), externalising problems (aggression, anger control, defiant behaviour, and antisocial behaviour), and personal resources (self-esteem, social competence and integration, and awareness of problems), evaluated by means of the SENA test. The results indicate a positive relationship between externalising and internalising problems and a negative relationship between the latter and some personal resources in both groups. We also found that adolescents with specific learning disabilities displayed more internalising and externalising symptoms than their peers, greater awareness of their emotional difficulties, and lower self-esteem and social integration and competence. The findings highlight the need for preventive interventions that promote the psychological well-being and mental health of adolescents within the school setting at an early age.
Trends in Simple and Complex Appendicitis in Children and the Potential Correlation to Common Viral Pathogens—A Retrospective Cohort Study between 2010 and 2019 in The Netherlands
Authors: The Sarah-May M. L. , van Amstel Paul , Noordzij Sophie M. , Bakx Roel , Bijlsma Taco. S. , Derikx Joep. P. M. , van Heurn L. W. Ernest , van der Kuip Martijn , Gorter Ramon R.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the annual, seasonal and monthly trends in children with simple and complex appendicitis and their correlation to common viral pathogens in the Netherlands. A consecutive multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2019 including children (<18 years) surgically treated for appendicitis. The primary outcome was the distribution of children with simple and complex appendicitis per year, season and month. Relevant seasonal variation was defined as ≥5%. The secondary outcome was a positive correlation of the number of patients with simple and complex appendicitis to common viral pathogens (data anonymously provided by the Dutch Working Group on Clinical Virology from the Dutch Society for Clinical Microbiology (NVMM)). In total, 896 patients were included: N = 524 (58%) patients with simple and N = 372 (42%) with complex appendicitis. Of the children aged 0–5 years, 81% had complex appendicitis, versus 38% in 6–18 years (p < 0.001). An overall decline was demonstrated for both simple and complex appendicitis between 2010 and 2019. No seasonal variation was found for simple appendicitis. For complex appendicitis, the highest number of patients was found in spring, and lowest in summer (N = 372, spring 28.2 ± 5.1% versus summer 21.0 ± 5.8%, p = 0.011), but the variance was regarded as not relevant (<5% from baseline). A positive correlation was found between complex appendicitis with Adenovirus 40.41 (R = 0.356, 95%CI 0.045–0.604, p = 0.026) and simple appendicitis with Adenovirus NON 40.41 (R = 0.332, 95%CI 0.019–0.586, p = 0.039), but these correlations did not remain significant after a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.003). In conclusion, we found no relevant seasonal variation for simple or complex appendicitis, nor positive correlation with common viral pathogens.
Enhanced UV-B Radiation in Potato Stems and Leaves Promotes the Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Tubers
Authors: Cui Lingyan , Li Maoxing , Zhang Xing , Guo Zongming , Li Kaifeng , Shi Yuhan , Wang Qiong , Guo Huachun
Published: December 2023

Enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaves, flowers and fruits of plants. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of enhanced UV-B radiation on the accumulation of anthocyanins in the tubers of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) remain unclear. Herein, reciprocal grafting experiments were first conducted using colored and uncolored potatoes, demonstrating that the anthocyanins in potato tubers were synthesized in situ, and not transported from the leaves to the tubers. Furthermore, the enhanced UV-B radiation (2.5 kJ·m−2·d−1) on potato stems and leaves significantly increased the contents of total anthocyanin and monomeric pelargonidin and peonidin in the red-fleshed potato ‘21-1’ tubers, compared to the untreated control. A comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that there were 2139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under UV-B treatment in comparison to the control, including 1724 up-regulated and 415 down-regulated genes. The anthocyanin-related enzymatic genes in the tubers such as PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3’5’H, ANS, UFGTs, and GSTs were up-regulated under UV-B treatment, except for a down-regulated F3’H. A known anthocyanin-related transcription factor StbHLH1 also showed a significantly higher expression level under UV-B treatment. Moreover, six differentially expressed MYB transcription factors were remarkably correlated to almost all anthocyanin-related enzymatic genes. Additionally, a DEGs enrichment analysis suggested that jasmonic acid might be a potential UV-B signaling molecule involved in the UV-B-induced tuber biosynthesis of anthocyanin. These results indicated that enhanced UV-B radiation in potato stems and leaves induced anthocyanin accumulation in the tubers by regulating the enzymatic genes and transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of enhanced UV-B radiation that regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers.
Intercomparison of Different Sources of Precipitation Data in the Brazilian Legal Amazon
Authors: dos Santos Silva Fabrício Daniel , da Costa Claudia Priscila Wanzeler , dos Santos Franco Vânia , Gomes Helber Barros , da Silva Maria Cristina Lemos , dos Santos Vanderlei Mário Henrique Guilherme , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , da Rocha Júnior Rodrigo Lins , Cabral Júnior Jório Bezerra , dos Reis Jean Souza , Cavalcante Rosane Barbosa Lopes , Tedeschi Renata Gonçalves , de Jesus da Costa Barreto Naurinete , Nogueira Neto Antônio Vasconcelos , dos Santos Jesus Edmir , da Silva Ferreira Douglas Batista
Published: December 2023

Monitoring rainfall in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA), which comprises most of the largest tropical rainforest and largest river basin on the planet, is extremely important but challenging. The size of the area and land cover alone impose difficulties on the operation of a rain gauge network. Given this, we aimed to evaluate the performance of nine databases that estimate rainfall in the BLA, four from gridded analyses based on pluviometry (Xavier, CPC, GPCC and CRU), four based on remote sensing (CHIRPS, IMERG, CMORPH and PERSIANN-CDR), and one from reanalysis (ERA5Land). We found that all the bases are efficient in characterizing the average annual cycle of accumulated precipitation in the BLA, but with a predominantly negative bias. Parameters such as Pearson’s correlation (r), root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Taylor diagrams (SDE), applied in a spatial analysis for the entire BLA as well as for six pluviometrically homogeneous regions, showed that, based on a skill ranking, the data from Xavier’s grid analysis, CHIRPS, GPCC and ERA5Land best represent precipitation in the BLA at monthly, seasonal and annual levels. The PERSIANN-CDR data showed intermediate performance, while the IMERG, CMORPH, CRU and CPC data showed the lowest correlations and highest errors, characteristics also captured in the Taylor diagrams. It is hoped that this demonstration of hierarchy based on skill will subsidize climate studies in this region of great relevance in terms of biodiversity, water resources and as an important climate regulator.
An Analysis of the Morphology Evolution of YG8 Cemented Carbide by Laser Ablation in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Fan Yujie , Zhao Kang , Hao Mengjie , Xia Jing , Guan Xiaoyan , Liu Fanghua
Published: December 2023

To explore the influence of the number of laser ablations on the shape, geometry, and taper of the pitting structure by laser ablation in the liquid phase, three-dimensional confocal microscopy was used to quantitatively characterize the shape of the surface dotting texture of YG8 cemented carbide and analyze the evolution of the morphology based on the liquid-assisted laser ablation test. The results show that the surface pitting structure of YG8 cemented carbide evolves from a micro-convexity to a crater with the increase in the number of laser ablations, and the bottom of the crater produces a convexity after 7 ablations, the shape of the crater evolves to a trapezoidal shape after 13 ablations, and the shape is stable. The size of the dot texture increases with the number of laser ablations and reaches a maximum value of 396 μm in diameter and 149 μm in depth at the 10th and 12th ablations, respectively. The taper of the dot texture showed a trend of decreasing, increasing, and then decreasing with the increase in the number of laser ablations, and the taper was stable with more than seven ablations. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the control of the dot texture morphology on the surface of YG8 cemented carbide by laser ablation in a liquid-phase environment.
Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Characterization of DMOAP-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Films
Authors: Politano Grazia Giuseppina , Versace Carlo
Published: December 2023

In our research, we investigated the optical properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) films functionalized with N,N-Dimethyl-N-octadecyl(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilyl chloride (DMOAP) using Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE). We found that after the functionalization process, there was a notable increase in the thickness of the GO films. Additionally, there were observable changes in the Lorentz oscillator parameters, signaling modifications in the electronic transitions and structural properties of the films. Our results indicate that the functionalization with DMOAP not only impacts the electronic conjugation within the GO structures but also enhances the optical conductivity of the films, which is a finding of significant importance for potential applications in electronics, photonics, and materials science.
Highly Coercive L10-Phase Dots Obtained through Low Temperature Annealing for Nano-Logic Magnetic Structures
Authors: Crisan Ovidiu , Crisan Alina Daniela , Schinteie Gabriel , Kuncser Victor
Published: December 2023

Nano-logic magnetic structures are of great interest for spintronic applications. While the methods used for developing arrays of magnetic L10-phase dots are, in most cases, based on deposition followed by annealing at high temperatures, usually around 700 °C, we demonstrate here a technique where a much lower annealing temperature (i.e., 400 °C) is needed in order to promote fully the disorder–order phase transformation and achievement of highly coercive L10-phase dots. In order to develop building blocks based on arrays of L10-phase FePt dots for further spintronic applications, an engraving technique using electron beam lithography is employed. This paper describes the fabrication, as well as the morphological and magnetic characterization, of regularly placed FePt dots of various shapes, as pre-requisites for integration into nano-logic devices. As a proof of concept, regular arrays of FePt circular dots were devised and their structural characterization, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), was performed. It has been shown that annealing at only 400 °C for 30 min proved the occurrence of the tetragonal L10 phase. Moreover, structural characterization showed that the disorder–order phase transformation was complete with only the L10 phase detected in high resolution TEM. The magnetic characterization provided more insight into the potential of such arrays of magnetic devices with convenient values of magnetic coercivity, remanent and saturation magnetization. These findings show good potential for developing regular arrays of uniformly shaped magnetic entities with encouraging magnetic performances in view of various applications.
Exploring Polygonal Number Sieves through Computational Triangulation
Authors: Abramovich Sergei
Published: December 2023

The paper deals with the exploration of subsequences of polygonal numbers of different sides derived through step-by-step elimination of terms of the original sequences. Eliminations are based on special rules similarly to how the classic sieve of Eratosthenes was developed through the elimination of multiples of primes. These elementary number theory activities, appropriate for technology-enhanced secondary mathematics education courses, are supported by a spreadsheet, Wolfram Alpha, Maple, and the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. General formulas for subsequences of polygonal numbers referred to in the paper as polygonal number sieves of order k, that include base-two exponential functions of k, have been developed. Different problem-solving approaches to the derivation of such and other sieves based on the technology-immune/technology-enabled framework have been used. The accuracy of computations and mathematical reasoning is confirmed through the technique of computational triangulation enabled by using more than one digital tool. A few relevant excerpts from the history of mathematics are briefly featured.