bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KISS1 and KISS1R expression in the human and rat carotid body and superior cervical ganglion
Authors: Porzionato A. , Fenu G. , Rucinski M. , Macchi V. , Montella A. , Malendowicz L. K. , De Caro R.
Published: May 2011

KISS1 and its receptor, KISS1R, have both been found to be expressed in central nervous system, but few data are present in the literature about their distribution in peripheral nervous structures. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate, through immunohistochemistry, the expression and distribution of KISS1 and KISS1R in the rat and human carotid bodies and superior cervical ganglia, also with particular reference to the different cellular populations. Materials consisted of carotid bodies and superior cervical ganglia were obtained at autopsy from 10 adult subjects and sampled from 10 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse expression of KISS1 and KISS1R in type I cells of both human and rat carotid bodies, whereas type II cells were negative. In both human and rat superior cervical ganglia positive anti-KISS1 and -KISS1R immunostainings were also selectively found in ganglion cells, satellite cells being negative. Endothelial cells also showed moderate immunostaining for both KISS1 and KISS1R. The expression of both kisspeptins and kisspeptin receptors in glomic type I cells and sympathetic ganglion cells supports a modulatory role of KISS1 on peripheral chemoreception and sympathetic function. Moreover, local changes in blood flow have been considered to be involved in carotid body chemoreceptor discharge and kisspeptins and kisspeptin receptors have also been found in the endothelial cells. As a consequence, a possible role of kisspeptins in the regulation of carotid body blood flow and, indirectly, in chemoreceptor discharge may also be hypothesized.
Gene Networks Driving Bovine Mammary Protein Synthesis during the Lactation cycle
Authors: Bionaz Massimo , Loor Juan J.
Published: May 2011

A crucial role for both insulin and mTOR in the regulation of milk protein synthesis is emerging. Bovine mammary biopsies harvested during late-pregnancy through end of subsequent lactation were used to evaluate via quantitative PCR the expression of 44 genes involved in pathways of insulin, mTOR, AMPK, and Jak2-Stat5 signalling and also glucose and amino acid (AA) transporters. We observed an increased expression during lactation of ELF5, AA and glucose transporters, insulin signaling pathway components, MAPK14, FRAP1, EIF4EBP2, GSK3A and TSC1 among mTOR signaling-related genes. Among ribosomal components RPL22 was down-regulated. The overall data support a central role of AA and glucose transporters and insulin signaling through mTOR for the regulation of protein synthesis in bovine mammary gland. Furthermore, the existence of translational competition favoring the translation of milk protein transcripts was inferred from the combined dataset.
Intercomparison of air ion spectrometers: an evaluation of results in varying conditions
Authors: Gagné S. , Lehtipalo K. , Manninen H. E. , Nieminen T. , Schobesberger S. , Franchin A. , Yli-Juuti T. , Boulon J. , Sonntag A. , Mirme S. , Mirme A. , Hõrrak U. , Petäjä T. , Asmi E. , Kulmala M.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. We evaluated 11 air ion spectrometers from Airel Ltd. after they had spent one year in field measurements as a part of the EUCAARI project: 5 Air Ion Spectrometers (AIS), 5 Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometers (NAIS) and one Airborne NAIS (ANAIS). This is the first time that an ANAIS is evaluated and compared so extensively. The ion spectrometers' mobility and concentration accuracy was evaluated. Their measurements of ambient air were compared between themselves and to reference instruments: a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS), a Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer (BSMA), and an Ion-DMPS. We report on the simultaneous measurement of a new particle formation (NPF) event by all 11 instruments and the 3 reference instruments. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the size distribution of ions and particles is measured by so many ion spectrometers during a NPF event. The new particle formation rates (~0.2 cm−3 s−1 for ions and ~2 cm−3 s−1 for particles) and growth rates (~25 nm h−1 in the 3–7 nm size range) were calculated for all the instruments. The NAISs and the ANAIS gave higher concentrations and formation rates than the AISs. For example, the AISs agreed with the BSMA within 11 % and 28 % for negative and positive ion concentration respectively, whereas the NAISs agreed within 23 % and 29 %. Finally, based on the results presented here, we give guidelines for data evaluation, when data from different individual ion spectrometers are compared.
Are Panoramic Radiographs Reliable to Diagnose Mild Alveolar Bone Resorption?
Authors: Semenoff Larissa , Semenoff Tereza Aparecida Delle , Pedro Fabio Luiz Miranda , Volpato Evaristo Ricci , Machado Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira , Borges Álvaro Henrique , Semenoff-Segundo Alex
Published: May 2011

It is extremely important to assess variations between the most used radiographs in dental practice, since minimum distortion on obtained images may change diagnosis, treatment plan, and prognosis for the patient. For this, the distance between the enamel-cementum junction and the alveolar bone crest was measured on conventional and digitized periapical, bitewing, and panoramic radiographs and compared among them. From a total of 1484 records, 39 sets of radiographs that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study sample were selected. The measurements were grouped according to the intensity of bone loss. Statistically significant difference was found in the averages of the measurements assessed in radiographs with absence of bone loss between conventional panoramic and periapical radiographs, between digitized panoramic and periapical radiographs and between digitized bitewing and panoramic radiographs. By analyzing the results of this work and considering the research protocol used, one can conclude that small losses in height of alveolar bone crest observed in panoramic radiographs should be cautiously evaluated, as they may be overestimated.
Measures of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity in Australian Clinical Practice
Authors: Taylor Andrew , Bagga Hanish
Published: May 2011

Objectives. To investigate which rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity measures are being collected in patients receiving glucocorticoids, non-biologic or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in Australian rheumatology practice. Methods. A retrospective audit of medical records was conducted from eight rheumatology practices around Australia. Each rheumatologist recruited 30 consecutive eligible patients into the review, 10 of whom must have been receiving a biological agent for rheumatoid arthritis. Disease activity measures and radiographic assessments were collected from each patient's last consultation. For biologic patients, disease activity measures were also collected from when the patient was first initiated on the biological agent. Results. At last consultation, the disease measures that were recorded most often were ESR (89.2%), haemoglobin (87.5%), and CRP (84.2%). DAS28 was infrequently recorded (16.3%). The rate of recording disease activity measures for patients receiving biologic DMARDs decreased over time (mean 27 months). Conclusion. This review has shown inconsistency of RA activity measures being recorded in Australian rheumatology clinical practice. An accurate assessment of the disease process is necessary to effectively target rheumatoid arthritis patients to treat in order to achieve optimal outcomes.
A Microfluidic Chip with Integrated Colloidal Crystal for Online Optical Analysis
Authors: Hoi Siew‐Kit , Chen Xiao , Kumar Vanga Sudheer , Homhuan Sureerat , Sow Chorng‐Haur , Bettiol Andrew A.
Published: May 2011

A microfluidic chip that incorporates colloidal crystals inside a microchannel system for on‐chip integration of optical components is presented. It is demonstrated that the use of fluorescent spheres offers added advantages and functionality to the colloidal crystal array. Multifunctional optical components are demonstrated that are able to serve as a reference wavelength calibration line in measured reflectance spectra. Integrating colloidal crystals with varying filtering effects into a microfluidic chip enables selective transmission or blocking of a particular range of wavelengths locally. In addition, combinations of double‐band colloidal crystal filters provide further tunability of the working wavelength for on‐chip detection applications.
Unexpected changes in maternal breast size during pregnancy in relation to infant sex: An evolutionary interpretation
Authors: Galbarczyk Andrzej
Published: May 2011

Objectives: This study evaluated changes in breast size during pregnancy depending on infant sex. Due to larger nutritional needs during lactation, male infants may stimulate greater changes in maternal breast size than female infants.

Methods: Data were collected by an online questionnaire survey of 120 women from Poland, who had at least one child.

Results: Changes in breast circumference during pregnancy were associated with the infant's gender. Surprisingly, mothers offemale infants had greater breast circumference changes than the mothers of male infants (P = 0.03).

Conclusion: The observed difference is surprising in the light of studies reporting that mothers of male infants produced milk that had greater energy content. However, breast size alone does not determine the quality and quantity of produced milk. It is suggested that the larger difference in breast size for mothers of female infants results from a trade‐off between direct energy allocations to the growing fetus and to breast enlargement. Perhaps, as in other primates maintaining sexually attractive attributes during pregnancy, early breast enlargement in women is a primary sexual stimulus. The ultimate function of early breast enlargement may function to ensure greater involvement from partners, which is especially important to mothers expecting daughters, who might be in poorer nutritional condition, as predicted by Trivers‐Willard hypothesis. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal degradation of p‐chloroacetophenone oxime based polymers having biological activities
Authors: Chauhan Narendra P. S. , Ameta Rakshit , Ameta Suresh C.
Published: May 2011

A monomer, p‐chloroacetophenone oxime (CAO), has been synthesized from p‐chloroacetophenone and hydroxylamine hydrochloride and its copolymer resin p‐chloroacetophenone oxime‐formaldehyde (CAO‐F) has been synthesized from p‐chloroacetophenone oxime (CAO) and formaldehyde in 1 : 2M proportion. A terpolymer resin p‐chloroacetophenone oxime‐formaldehyde‐benzoic acid (CAO‐F‐BA) has also been synthesized by condensation of p‐chloroacetophenone oxime (CAO), benzoic acid (BA), and formaldehyde (F) in 1 : 1 : 2M proportion in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The structures of monomer, copolymer, and terpolymer have been investigated by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and pyrolysis (GC/MS) techniques. Molecular weight and polydispersity index have been determined by gel permeation chromatography. Detailed thermal degradation studies of polymers have been carried out to ascertain its thermal stability. Multiple linear regression (MLR) method has been used to calculate activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (Z). Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (G*), entropy change (ΔS*), and rate constant for activation (kr) have also been evaluated on the basis on Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall method. Softening temperatures (Ts) of these resins have been obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All the synthesized resins have shown reasonably good antimicrobial activities as compared to standard drugs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Reactive compatibilization of PA 6/ABS blends by ethylene‐acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer
Authors: Huang Bofen , Li Dan , Li Zhiyuan , Li Xiao , Zhou Weihua
Published: May 2011

The polyamide 6/acrylonitrile‐butylene‐styrene copolymer (PA 6/ABS) blends were prepared using the twin‐screw extruder with ethylene‐acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EAGMA) as the reactive compatibilizer. The structure, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the blends were carefully investigated. The results indicated that the ring‐opening reaction of epoxy groups of EAGMA in the presence of amine and carboxyl groups of PA 6 led to the formation of EAGMA grafted PA 6 copolymer. The grafted copolymer serving as the compatibilizer eventually led to the decrease of the phase diameters as observed from the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystallization and melting behavior of PA 6 were restricted by the incorporation of both ABS and EAGMA, and the addition of EAGMA improved the thermal stability of the PA 6/ABS blends. Heat deformation temperature (HDT) of the blends reached a maximum value at EAGMA content of 12 wt %, which is about 45°C above the HDT of pristine PA 6. The tensile strength of the blends decreased with an increasing EAGMA content, and the impact strength of the blends showed the highest value at EAGMA content of 20 wt %, which is about 323% higher than that of pristine PA 6. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Miscibility and rheology behaviors of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/poly(p‐vinylphenol) blends with homogeneous amorphous compositions
Authors: Ding Guangzhu , Cui Kun , Liu Jieping
Published: May 2011

The miscibility and rheology behaviors of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Poly(p‐vinylphenol) (PVPh) blends were studied in this work. It was evidenced that the miscible amorphous system of the PHB/PVPh blends was formed when the PHB content was less than 40%(wt). Linear dynamic viscoelasticity of the blends in the amorphous condition was studied through oscillatory shear measurements. Time‐temperature superposition principle (TTS) was applicable in the experimental window. The Han plots (log G′ versus log G″) were temperature independent, but the curvatures in the terminal region were much less than 2 and became smaller with increasing of the PVPh. It was considered that this phenomenon might come from the presence of the change of the whole hydrogen bonding (self‐associated and the hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl group and ester group) in the blends. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis supported this conclusion. It was found that the rubber plateau modulus for this blend system did not follow Wu's and Tsenoglou's model. This result was also caused by the presence of the hydrogen bonding. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Development of porous lamellar chitosan‐alginate membranes: Effect of different surfactants on biomaterial properties
Authors: Zorzi Bueno Cecilia , Maria Moraes Ângela
Published: May 2011

In this work, porous lamellar chitosan‐alginate membranes were developed without the use of freeze‐drying methods or other vacuum‐based approaches. The effects of two different surfactants, Tween 80 and Pluronic F68, on the properties of the membranes were evaluated, aiming at the production of stable consistent foams with improved polysaccharide dispersion. The membranes prepared with Tween 80 had a tensile strength around 1.5 MPa, elongation at break of 2.1% and liquid uptake from 590 to 1370% in distinct solutions, increasing their thickness in up to 3.9 times when immersed in water. The membranes obtained with Pluronic F68 had a tensile strength of 1.0 MPa, elongation at break of 2.0% and liquid uptake from 774 to 1380%, showing an increase in thickness around 3.2 times after exposure to water. The antimicrobial properties of both membranes were also evaluated, showing that despite being porous, the membranes can provide some protection against bacterial permeation. Therefore, membranes produced with Tween 80 and Pluronic F68 were considered to have high potential for use in the production of wound dressings and scaffolds for tissue engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Identification of Serum Protein Markers for Breast Cancer Relapse With SELDI‐TOF MS
Authors: Lei Lei , Wang Xiao‐Jia , Zheng Zhi‐Guo , Huang Jian , Cao Wen‐Ming , Chen Zhan‐Hong , Shao Xi‐Ying , Cai Ju‐Fen , Ye Wei‐Wu , Lu Hong‐Yang
Published: May 2011

Surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF MS) was used to screen serum samples to identify protein markers for early breast cancer relapse. We collected 67 serum samples from patients with breast cancer (24 preoperative; 23 postoperative without breast cancer relapse; 20 postoperative with breast cancer relapse). Eight protein peaks varied between the presurgical group and the postsurgical group without breast cancer relapse; 4 protein peaks were differentially expressed between the postsurgical patients without relapse and patients with relapse. The peak at 3964 m/z dropped after surgery and rebounded after relapse (P < 0.01). These results indicate that there are differences in serum protein expression among the three different groups of patients. SELDI‐TOF MS could be used to screen blood samples for the early detection of relapse in primary breast cancer patients. Specifically, protein peak at 3964 m/z is a potential biomarker for the detection of early breast cancer relapse. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzyme‐Responsive Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tumor Intracellular Drug Delivery and Imaging
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Aw Junxin , Chen Kai , Liu Fang , Padmanabhan Parasuraman , Hou Yanglong , Cheng Zhen , Xing Bengang
Published: May 2011

Enzyme‐responsive, hybrid, magnetic silica nanoparticles have been employed for multifunctional applications in selective drug delivery and intracellular tumor imaging. In this study, doxorubicin (Dox)‐conjugated, enzyme‐cleavable peptide precursors were covalently tethered onto the surface of uniform silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles through click chemistry. This enzyme‐responsive nanoparticle conjugate demonstrated highly efficient Dox release upon specific enzyme interactions in vitro. It also exhibits multiple functions in selective tumor intracellular drug delivery and imaging in the tumor cells with high cathepsin B expression, whereas it exhibited lower cytotoxicity towards other cells without enzyme expression.
Biphenomycin B and Derivatives: Total Synthesis and Translation Inhibition
Authors: He Yu‐Peng , Tan Hao , Arve Lars , Baumann Sascha , Waldmann Herbert , Arndt Hans‐Dieter
Published: May 2011

A full account on the synthesis of the antibiotic natural product biphenomycin B and several derivatives is reported, which employs a Suzuki coupling reaction of a free carboxylic acid and macrolactam formation as key transformations. Liberal exchange of the central amino acid was demonstrated. This procedure gave derivatives to study the influence of the polar side chain of the central amino acids on translation inhibition.
Erhöhung der Dauerhaftigkeit textiler Beton‐Bewehrungen durch Epoxidharztränkung
Authors: Büttner Till , Orlowsky Jeanette , Raupach Michael
Published: May 2011

Die Dauerhaftigkeit, d. h. die Reduktion der Zugfestigkeit über die Lebensdauer von textilen Bewehrungsstrukturen in Betonbauteilen ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Bemessung dieser Bauteile, da nur die am Ende der Lebensdauer zur Verfügung stehende Zugfestigkeit bei der Bemessung berücksichtigt werden kann. Die Bewehrungsstrukturen in textilbewehrten Bauteilen bestehen üblicherweise aus sogenanntem alkali‐beständigem Glas (AR‐Glas), dessen Dauerhaftigkeit in Beton allerdings trotz der chemischen Veränderungen der Glaszusammensetzung aus technischer Sicht nicht zufrieden stellend ist. Im Beitrag wird eine Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung der Dauerhaftigkeit mittels polymerer Tränkung der Bewehrung vorgestellt und gezeigt, inwieweit eine Verringerung des langfristigen Festigkeitsverlustes durch den Einsatz unterschiedlicher Epoxidharze erreicht werden kann.

Enhancement of the durability of AR‐glass reinforcement due to an epoxy‐impregnation. The long term performance of textile reinforcement in a cementitious matrix is one important factor to be considered during the design process of textile‐re inforced concrete (TRC) elements, since only the residual tensile strength of the reinforcement at the end of the predicted life‐time can be taken into account. The reinforcement in textile‐reinforced concrete is usually made from alkali‐resistant glass rovings, but their durability in concrete is known to be unsatisfactory. Herein an approach is presented to improve the durability by impregnating the glass rovings with an insoluble epoxy resin which acts as a diffusion barrier against alkai ions. The results show that generally the durability can be improved by an impregnation in dependency of the material properties of the epoxy resin.
Ein Bemessungsmodell für Monopilegründungen unter zyklischen Horizontallasten
Authors: Taşan Ercan , Rackwitz Frank , Glasenapp Ralf
Published: May 2011

Monopiles werden als Gründungen für die Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) in Nord‐ und Ostsee geplant und eingesetzt. Die Monopilegründungen werden neben den statischen Lasten insbesondere durch die hochzyklischen Horizontalbelastungen aus Wind und Wellengang beansprucht. Aufgrund der zyklischen Belastungen findet eine Akkumulation der Bodenverformungen und gleichzeitig auch der bleibenden Pfahlverschiebungen statt, die derzeit mit einem praxistauglichen Verfahren zuverlässig nicht quantifiziert werden können. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein anwendungsorientiertes Bemessungsmodell vorgestellt, welches unter Verwendung von statischen und zyklischen Triaxialversuchen eine Prognose der Verschiebungen von Monopiles unter zyklischen Horizontallasten mit variierenden Belastungsamplituden ermöglicht. Die Verifikation des vorgestellten Modells erfolgt durch eine Reihe von Monopileversuchen, die in der Geotechnischen Versuchsgrube der TU Berlin durchgeführten wurden. Die Anwendbarkeit des Modells zur Ermittlung der über die Nutzungsdauer einer OWEA zu erwartenden Verschiebungen der Monopilegründung wird anhand einer Beispielrechnung gezeigt.

A design model for monopile foundations under cyclic horizontal loads. Monopiles are used and planned for foundations of offshore wind power turbines in the Northern and Baltic Sea. Besides the static loads, these piles are also subjected to high numbers of cyclic horizontal loads due to wind and water waves. The accumulation of soil deformations and pile displacements due to cyclic loads can not be reliably calculated based on current design methods. The paper presents a practical design approach for the prediction of monopile displacements due to irregular cyclic horizontal loads which can be suitably calibrated by means of static and cyclic triaxial test results. The design approach has been validated with results from monopile load tests. The practical application of the proposed method demonstrates its usefulness for the prediction of monopile displacements over the service lifetime of an offshore wind power turbine.
LONI & Co: Die epistemische Spezifität digitaler Wissensräume in der kognitiven Neurowissenschaft
Authors: Huber Lara
Published: May 2011

LONI & Co: About the Epistemic Specificity of Digital Spaces of Knowledge in Cognitive Neuroscience. In the neurosciences digital databases more and more are becoming important tools of data rendering and distributing. This development is due to the growing impact of imaging based trial design in cognitive neuroscience, including morphological as much as functional imaging technologies. As the case of the ‘Laboratory of Neuro Imaging’ (LONI) is showing, databases are attributed a specific epistemological power: Since the 1990s databasing is seen to foster the integration of neuroscientific data, although local regimes of data production, ‐manipulation and ‐interpretation are also challenging this development. Databasing in the neurosciences goes along with the introduction of new structures of integrating local data, hence establishing digital spaces of knowledge (epistemic spaces): At this stage, inherent norms of digital databases are affecting regimes of imaging‐based trial design, for example clinical research into Alzheimer's disease.
A salvage procedure for an accidentally twisted small bowel in orthotopic duodenal reconstruction after pylorus‐preserving partial pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Käser S.A. , Glauser P.M. , Dätwiler S. , Maurer C.A.
Published: May 2011

A case of pylorus‐preserving Whipple procedure with an accidentally clockwise 360° rotated small bowel limb in orthotopic duodenal reconstruction is presented. A simple salvage procedure is proposed. Clin. Anat. 24:911–913, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thoughts on human variations
Authors: Bergman Ronald A.
Published: May 2011

The article is an autobiographical sketch of the author and his extensive investigation of human variations. Clin. Anat. 24:938–940, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological closure of the physeal plate of the distal radius: An MRI analysis
Authors: Kraus Ralf , Reyers June , Alt Volker , Schnettler Reinhard , Berthold LARS D.
Published: May 2011

To have knowledge of the physiological closure of a particular physeal plate is necessary to understand fractures close to the end of growth (transitional fractures). Most frequent fractures involve the distal radius in adolescents. However, there are no systematic investigations on the topic of growth plate closure concerning the distal radius plate, so far. Twenty‐two healthy female volunteers underwent MRI investigations of their left wrist. Absolute width, percentage and localization of the physeal part, closed at the time of investigation were recorded. Sequential MRI scans were performed. In this series T1‐weighted sequences were most useful to distinguish open and closed parts of the physis. Total area was 291–469 mm2 (average, 399 mm2). It did positively correlate with body height (P < 0.01), but not with weight (P = 0.241) or BMI (P = 0.394). Physeal closure took place at 15–18 years. There was no significant correlation between menarche and closure (P = 0.091). Bony bridging of the growth plate begins centroradial and ends with a small limbus dorsoradial. Sequential scans showed that there are only a few months from beginning to end of physeal closure. Physiological closure of the distal radius growth plate takes place in late adolescence, varying individually. There seems to be no influence of the menarche in female individuals. The process happens within a very short time of less than a year. This may be one rationale for the fact, that transitional fractures of the distal radius are rare. Clin. Anat. 24:1010–1015, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional analysis of deciduous maxillary anterior teeth using cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Jung M.‐S. , Lee S.‐P. , Kim G.‐T. , Choi S.‐C. , Park J.‐H. , Kim J.‐W.
Published: May 2011

The recent introduction of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) into the medical field has allowed the nondestructive investigation of internal structures at relatively low cost and radiation exposure. The accuracy of CBCT in both two and three dimensions has been demonstrated, and CBCT has been used successfully for craniofacial anatomy. Knowing the anatomical structure of deciduous teeth is essential for clinical dentistry. However, the root structure of deciduous teeth is rarely reported because of the scarcity of intact deciduous teeth without root resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intact root form of deciduous teeth using CBCT. Data from 38 young children was analyzed using an image‐analyzing program. The degree of buccal dilacerations was 26.3° for deciduous maxillary central incisors (DMA), 16.5° for deciduous maxillary lateral incisors (DMB), and 17.5° for deciduous maxillary canines (DMC) in about half of the root length. The crown‐to‐root ratios were 0.52 for DMA, 0.48 for DMB, and 0.52 for DMC. These data will be helpful for understanding the development of dentition, and for clinical dentistry. Clin. Anat. 25:182–188, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Influence of Group Size and Stigma Severity on Social Acceptance: The Case of People with Intellectual Disability Moving into Neighbourhoods
Authors: van Alphen Laura M. , Dijker Anton J. M. , Bos Arjan E. R. , van den Borne Bart H. W. , Curfs Leopold M. G.
Published: May 2011

Dutch adults from a nationwide Internet panel (N = 426) were asked to imagine that their next‐door neighbours would move out and that people with intellectual disability would move in. Severity of disability and group size were varied to manipulate intergroup threat. These two factors independently influenced social acceptance and a variety of emotional and behavioural measures. In particular, it was found that a large group with severe disability aroused the strongest negative response, whereas a small group with mild disability aroused the weakest negative response. Small groups with a severe disability and large groups with a mild disability aroused similar and intermediate negative responses. Results are discussed in terms of theories of intergroup threat and stigmatisation. Practical implications for predicting the success of de‐institutionalisation and social integration of groups with special needs are addressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transradial arterial access for coronary and peripheral procedures: Executive summary by the transradial committee of the SCAI
Authors: Caputo Ronald P. , Tremmel Jennifer A. , Rao Sunil , Gilchrist Ian C. , Pyne Christopher , Pancholy Samir , Frasier Douglas , Gulati Rajiv , Skelding Kimberly , Bertrand Olivier , Patel Tejas
Published: May 2011

In response to growing U.S. interest, the Society for Coronary Angiography and Interventions recently formed a Transradial Committee whose purpose is to examine the utility, utilization, and training considerations related to transradial access for percutaneous coronary and peripheral procedures. With international partnership, the committee has composed a comprehensive overview of this subject presented herewith. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ni catalysts supported on activated carbon from petcoke and their activity for toluene hydrogenation
Authors: Choi Jinsoon , Barnard Zaine G. , Zhang Shihua , Hill Josephine M.
Published: May 2011

Petroleum coke (petcoke) is an abundant resource that can potentially be converted to catalyst support materials through activation to increase the surface area and reduce the sulphur content. In this work, potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalysed activation was employed with petcoke to produce activated carbons, which were characterised with nitrogen physisorption, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and temperature‐programmed reduction. With activation temperatures between 500 and 800°C, the surface area increased from 4 m2/g to between 200 and 2400 m2/g while the sulphur content was reduced from 6.6 wt% to between 1 and 0.2 wt%. Nickel catalysts (nominally 5 wt%) were prepared on the activated carbon supports using wet impregnation. The activities of these catalysts were measured for toluene hydrogenation in a plug‐flow reactor with a toluene liquid hourly space velocity of 2.4/h, a pressure of 1.38 MPa, and a H2/toluene mole ratio of 90. The catalytic activity varied between zero for nickel supported on petcoke to 98% conversion, with essentially 100% to methylcyclohexane for nickel supported on carbon activated at 750°C. Thus, activated carbon from petcoke was a suitable support for Ni‐based catalysts when used for toluene hydrogenation as a model reaction. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Density, refractive index, excess molar volumes and deviations in molar refraction at 298.15 K for binary and ternary mixtures of DIPE (OR TAME) + 1‐methanol (or 1‐propanol) + trihexyltetra‐decylphosphonium bis (2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl) phosphinate
Authors: Lee Jae‐Yeon , Park So‐Jin
Published: May 2011

The excess molar volumes (VE) and the deviations in molar refraction (ΔR) at 298.15 K were determined for the binary systems {diisopropyl ether (DIPE) + 1‐propanol}, {Tert‐amyl methyl ether (TAME) + methanol}, {DIPE + trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinate ([P666,14][TMPP])}, {TAME + [P666,14][TMPP]}, {methanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} and {1‐propanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} using a digital vibrating‐tube densimeter and a precision digital refractometer. The VE and ΔR were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation for binary systems. In addition, the ternary VE and ΔR data at 298.15 K were predicted for the ternary systems {DIPE + 1‐propanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} and {TAME + methanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} by using the binary contribution model of Radojkovič with correlated sub‐binary Redlich–Kister parameters. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Two step sequential treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by Cryptococcus albidus and Emericella nidulans var. nidulans in 2L bioreactor
Authors: Singhal Anjali , Thakur Indu Shekhar
Published: May 2011

A number of studies had shown biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. However, almost all the studies have focused on reduction in physical and chemical parameters. Toxicity analysis, though very important, has been neglected. Thus in this study genotoxicity along with colour and lignin content were studied. Treatment of effluent, generated at the pulping stage in pulp and a paper mill, was done using two fungal strains, Cryptococcus albidus and Emericella nidulans var. nidulans, in sequential manner in 2 L bioreactor. Two different treatments were given. In treatment (I) effluent was first treated by C. albidus (stage A) and this treated effluent was further treated by E. nidulans var. nidulans (stage B). In treatment (II) effluent was first treated by E. nidulans var. nidulans (stage C) and this treated effluent was further treated by C. albidus (stage D). Treatment (I) was more efficient than treatment (II) with 71%, 51%, 44% and 70% reduction in colour, lignin, COD and genotoxicity, respectively. Class distribution of comets also showed that treatment (I) was more efficient than treatment (II). Colour content showed very good correlation (r2 = 0.99) with effluent toxicity. The effluent treatment process (I) can be scaled up for industrial use. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Study on the preparation of activated carbon for direct carbon fuel cell with oak sawdust
Authors: Zhang Jubing , Zhong Zhaoping , Zhao Jinxiao , Yang Min , Li Weiling , Zhang Huiyan
Published: May 2011

Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a device, which converts chemical energy of carbon into electrical energy through electrochemical oxidisation directly and its performance enormously depends on the characteristics of the fuel used. In this study, oak sawdust is used to prepare the activated carbon for the DCFC, with K2CO3 as the activating agent. Nickel catalyst is applied to improve the electrical conductivity, while HNO3 treatment is used for the purpose of surface modification and ash removal. The performance of the prepared activated carbon in DCFC is evaluated in a self‐built DCFC anode apparatus. The results show that the BET surface area of activated carbon reaches 1240 m2/g under the following conditions: activation temperature, 1173 K; activation time, 2 h; and impregnation ratio, 1. Electrical conductivity is well improved through the nickel catalyst while the amount of surface oxygen functional groups is increased and ash content is decreased through the HNO3 treatment. When used as the fuel in the DCFC anode, the self‐made activated carbon exhibits predominant performance among all tested carbon fuels, including graphite, activated carbon fibre, etc. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Removal of dark coloured and polyphenolic compounds of sugar beet vinasse by adsorption onto activated carbons: Application to a crosscurrent adsorption process
Authors: Caqueret Vincent , Cagnon Benoît , Bostyn Stéphane , Fauduet Henri
Published: May 2011

Sugar beet distillery vinasse is rich in betaine but the recovery of betaine by ionic exchange first requires removing ethanol‐insoluble compounds as well as dark coloured and polyphenolic compounds. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the latter compounds were studied on two commercial activated carbons. The results show that the pseudo‐second order kinetic model provided the best correlation, and the Langmuir model was selected for describing the isotherms. The data can be used to conduct experiments with a view to applying the crosscurrent process methodology to determine the number of stages necessary for the discolouration of the solution. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Characterisation of the mixture product of ether‐soluble fraction of bio‐oil (ES) and bio‐diesel
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Xiang , Jiang Jian‐Chun , Zhong Zhao‐Ping , Ellis Naoko , Wang Quan
Published: May 2011

A method of upgrading the properties of bio‐oil with bio‐diesel has been taken in this article. Firstly, the unpopular pyrolytic lignin fraction is extracted from bio‐oil using ether, the rest ether‐soluble fraction of bio‐oil, named ES is mixed with bio‐diesel according to emulsification. The optimal conditions for obtaining a stable ES/bio‐diesel mixture are with octanol surfactant dosage of 3% by volume; initial ES to bio‐diesel ratio of 4:6 by volume; stirring intensity of 1200 rpm; mixing time of 15 min and mixing temperature at 30°C. Additionally, selected fuel properties such as viscosity, water content and acid number are measured for characterising the ES/bio‐diesel mixture. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used to further evaluate the thermal properties. Data from the TGA and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirm the presence or absence of certain group of chemical compounds in the mixture. Proton and carbon atoms assignments are further confirmed by 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and 13C NMR analysis, respectively. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Modeling λ‐invariants by p‐adic random matrices
Authors: Ellenberg Jordan S. , Jain Sonal , Venkatesh Akshay
Published: May 2011

How often is the p‐adic λ‐invariant of an imaginary quadratic field equal to m? We model this by the statistics of random p‐adic matrices, and test these predictions numerically. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A probabilistic strategy for temporal constraint management in scientific workflow systems
Authors: Liu Xiao , Ni Zhiwei , Chen Jinjun , Yang Yun
Published: May 2011

In scientific workflow systems, it is critical to ensure the timely completion of scientific workflows. Therefore, temporal constraints as a type of QoS (Quality of Service) specification are usually required to be managed in scientific workflow systems. Specifically, temporal constraint management includes two basic tasks: setting temporal constraints at workflow build‐time and updating temporal constraints at workflow run‐time. For constraint setting, the current work mainly adopts user‐specified temporal constraints without considering the system performance. Hence, it may result in frequent temporal violations which deteriorate the overall workflow execution effectiveness. As regards constraint updating, although not well investigated, so far is in fact of great importance to workflow management tasks such as workflow scheduling and exception handling. In this paper, with a systematic analysis of the above issues, we propose a probabilistic strategy for temporal constraint management which utilizes a novel probability‐based temporal consistency model. Specifically for constraint setting, a negotiation process between the client and the service provider is designed to support the setting of coarse‐grained temporal constraints and then automatically derive the fine‐grained temporal constraints; for constraint updating, the probability time deficit/redundancy propagation process is proposed to update run‐time fine‐grained temporal constraints when workflow execution is either ahead of or behind the schedule. The effectiveness of our strategy is demonstrated through a case study on an example scientific workflow process in our scientific workflow system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wormometry‐on‐a‐chip: Innovative technologies for in situ analysis of small multicellular organisms
Authors: Wlodkowic Donald , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Akagi Jin , Williams David E. , Cooper Jonathan M.
Published: May 2011

Small multicellular organisms such as nematodes, fruit flies, clawed frogs, and zebrafish are emerging models for an increasing number of biomedical and environmental studies. They offer substantial advantages over cell lines and isolated tissues, providing analysis under normal physiological milieu of the whole organism. Many bioassays performed on these alternative animal models mirror with a high level of accuracy those performed on inherently low‐throughput, costly, and ethically controversial mammalian models of human disease. Analysis of small model organisms in a high‐throughput and high‐content manner is, however, still a challenging task not easily susceptible to laboratory automation. In this context, recent advances in photonics, electronics, as well as material sciences have facilitated the emergence of miniaturized bioanalytical systems collectively known as Lab‐on‐a‐Chip (LOC). These technologies combine micro‐ and nanoscale sciences, allowing the application of laminar fluid flow at ultralow volumes in spatially confined chip‐based circuitry. LOC technologies are particularly advantageous for the development of a wide array of automated functionalities. The present work outlines the development of innovative miniaturized chip‐based devices for the in situ analysis of small model organisms. We also introduce a new term “wormometry” to collectively distinguish these up‐and‐coming chip‐based technologies that go far beyond the conventional meaning of the term “cytometry.” © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Optimal reprogramming factor stoichiometry increases colony numbers and affects molecular characteristics of murine induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tiemann Ulf , Sgodda Malte , Warlich Eva , Ballmaier Matthias , Schöler Hans R. , Schambach Axel , Cantz Tobias
Published: May 2011

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed toward pluripotency by overexpression of a set of transcription factors, yielding induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with features similar to embryonic stem cells. Little is known to date about stoichiometric requirements of the individual reprogramming factors (RFs) for efficient reprogramming and especially about whether stoichiometry also influences the quality of derived iPSCs. To address this important issue, we chose bicistronic lentiviral vectors coexpressing fluorescent reporters (eGFP, dTomato, Cerulean, or Venus) along with the canonical RFs to transduce a bulk of murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Using a flow cytometric approach, we were able to independently and proportionally quantify all fluorophores in multiple‐infected MEFs and more importantly could sort these cells into all 16 stoichiometric combinations of high or moderate expression of the four factors. On average, we obtained about 600 alkaline phosphatase‐expressing colonies from 20,000 seeded cells. Interestingly, only seven different stoichiometric ratios gave rise to any colonies at all. The by far most colonies were obtained from those fractions, where Oct4 was in excess over the other three factors (2,386 colonies/20,000 cells), or where both Oct4 and c‐Myc were in excess over Sox2 and Klf4 (1,593 colonies/20,000 cells). Our findings suggest that increased Oct4 levels opposite to modest ones for Sox2 and Klf4 are required for satisfying reprogramming efficiencies and that these stoichiometries are also highly beneficial for achieving a stable pluripotent state independent of ectopic RF expression. Finally, the eligible Oct4high, Sox2low, and Klf4low subpopulation only resembles a small fraction of cells targeted by equal vector amounts, suggesting the necessity to address stoichiometry also in alternative approaches for iPSC generation or between different experimental systems. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Polarized light‐scattering profile—advanced characterization of nonspherical particles with scanning flow cytometry
Authors: Strokotov Dmitry I. , Moskalensky Alexander E. , Nekrasov Vyacheslav M. , Maltsev Valeri P.
Published: May 2011

We instrumentally, theoretically, and experimentally demonstrate a new approach for characterization of nonspherical individual particles from light scattering. Unlike the original optical scheme of the scanning flow cytometer that measures an angle‐resolved scattering corresponding in general to S11 element of the light‐scattering matrix, the modernized instrument allows us to measure the polarized light‐scattering profile of individual particles simultaneously. Theoretically, the polarized profile is expressed by the combination of a few light‐scattering matrix elements. This approach supports us with additional independent data to characterize a particle with a complex shape and an internal structure. Applicability of the new method was demonstrated from analysis of polymer bispheres. The bisphere characteristics, sizes, and refractive indices of each sphere composing the bisphere were successfully retrieved from the solution of the inverse light‐scattering problem. The solution provides determination of the Eulerian angles, which describe the orientation of the bispheres relative to the direction of the incident laser beam and detecting polarizer of the optical system. Both the ordinary and polarized profiles show a perfect agreement with T‐matrix simulation resulting to 50‐nm precision for sizing of bispheres. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Negative images of crystalline immunoglobulin in crystal storing histiocytosis: A potential cytologic mimic of mycobacteria in smears
Authors: Ko Hyang Mi , da Cunha Santos Gilda , Boerner Scott L. , Bailey Denis J. , Geddie William R.
Published: May 2011

Two cases are described of crystal storing histiocytosis (CSH) associated with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, presenting as lung and subcutaneous masses respectively. Fine‐needle aspiration of subcutis and smears prepared from the resected lung masses showed negative images. Cytology slides of both cases were reviewed to identify cytomorphological features for the differential diagnosis between immunoglobulin crystals and mycobacteria. The crystals in CSH consist of straight and needle shaped rods with pointed or angular edges and are more variable in thickness than the uniformly thin mycobacteria. Mycobacteria show a haphazard distribution, whereas crystals are frequently present in parallel arrays. Small lymphoid or plasma cells are identified in the background of CSH, whereas a necrotic and inflammatory background is seen in mycobacteriosis. Additional samples for culture in the case of mycobacteriosis, or flow cytometry and molecular clonality testing in the case of CSH can provide critical data for a definitive diagnosis. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.