bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who is Responsible for Supporting “Long-Term Mentally Ill” Persons?: Reforming Mental Health Practices in Sweden
Authors: Markström Urban , Sandlund Mikael , Lindqvist Rafael
Published: October 2014

The Swedish Mental Health Reform of 1995 was intended to expand community services, improve inter-organizational co-operation between welfare agencies, and achieve goals of social participation for the mentally ill and disabled. The implementation of the reform was characterized by weak legal steering mechanisms and a strong commitment to transform norms. Time-limited economic incentives at the local level and efforts by enthusiastic key persons were salient traits. The result indicates that community-based services such as supported housing and rehabilitative methods have increased. However, inter-organizational co-operation is still difficult, and traditional norms according to which people with mental health problems are seen as ill rather than disabled remain intact.
What can Community Support Programs Do to Promote Productivity?: Perspectives of Service Users
Authors: Raponi Rosa A. , Kirsh Bonnie
Published: October 2014

A major goal of community support programs is to help users of services lead meaningful, productive lives in the community. However, there is currently little evidence to support an understanding of how community support programs influence the productivity of service users, particularly from the perspective of consumers themselves. This qualitative study explored consumer perspectives on how community support programs promote productive activity. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with a sample of 14 participants who received community support services, and analyzed using the constant comparative method involving unitizing, categorizing, and forming themes. The 4 themes that emerged from the data were: (a) the need for a specific focus on productivity within services, (b) the importance of consumer empowerment, (c) the need for learning opportunities, and (d) the value of supportive networks.
Older Immigrants: Language Competencies and Mental Health
Authors: Taylor Laura E. , Taylor-Henley Sharon , Doan Lan
Published: October 2014

Later-life immigration and a lack of dominant language competency present many challenges to mental health for older adults. English as a Second Language (ESL) classes for seniors, often regarded as the sole domain of ESL teachers, offer mental health professionals opportunities for mental health promotion and education. This paper examines some of the mental health issues that emerged from stories written by older adults in an ESL for Seniors program. The program is presented as an example of best practices in an ESL for Seniors program because of its specific development to meet the needs of ESL older persons.
Recovery in Community: Using Participatory Action Research to Explore Recovery with Alternatives
Authors: Jacobson Nora , Altenberg Jason , Barnes Jill , Cusson Rob , Rowley Virginia , McKinnon Brian
Published: October 2014

In Ontario, many people are calling for recovery to become the overarching philosophy and goal of the mental health system. Mental health service organizations are key to promoting recovery, but relatively little has been done to understand what recovery means at the organizational level. This paper describes the context, conduct, and findings of a participatory action research project designed to explore recovery in Alternatives, an organization in Toronto providing mental health services.
Youth Experiences of Living with Mental Health Problems: Emergence, Loss, Adaptation and Recovery (Elar)
Authors: Leavey JoAnn Elizabeth
Published: October 2014

Current understanding of youth aged 15-24 experiencing mental health problems is limited. Through a qualitative analysis of the subjective experiences of 7 male and 6 female youths, 4 core categories emerged as stages that described the participants' process of mental illness: emergence, loss, adaptation, and recovery. Results showed that youth experiencing mental health problems felt stigmatized and labelled, and experienced multiple losses of identity, family, career choices, and educational and social standing. Participants reported that having mental health problems disrupted their transition from adolescence to young adulthood; however, these data reveal how youth adapt and recover. Implications of the findings in this study will be useful in identifying youth-focused interventions that may help professionals assist youth more effectively in their recovery process.
The Impact of Deinstitutionalizing Psychiatric Services on the Accessing of Mental Health Services by People with Higher Levels of Psychological Distress
Authors: Sealy Patricia , Whitehead Paul C.
Published: October 2014

Even though the policy of deinstitutionalization of mental health services purports to improve access to community-based services, there is a paucity of research that evaluates the impact of this policy on the general community. The research in this study builds on an empirical analysis of 40 years of the process of deinstitutionalization of mental health services in Canada (Sealy & Whitehead, 2004). An experimental design is simulated through the use of a derived construct—earlier vs. later deinstitutionalization—in order to test whether the policy of deinstitutionalization has achieved the goal of improving the accessing of mental health services by people with increased levels of psychological distress, while taking into consideration various social correlates. Data about the accessing of mental health services were obtained in the National Population Health Survey (Statistics Canada, 1996, 2001). Results identify that provinces that implemented deinstitutionalization earlier show improved access of community mental health services and fewer social inequalities of access. Nevertheless, the majority of people who have higher levels of psychological distress have not accessed mental health services.
Intergenerational Transmission and Dating Violence Victimization: Evidence from a Sample of Female University Students in Manitoba
Authors: Brownridge Douglas A.
Published: October 2014

Using a sample of 120 female students attending 3 universities in Manitoba, the influence of different modes of intergenerational transmission on women's experiences of physical assault and sexual coercion in dating relationships was examined. Dating violence victimization was common: 26.9% experienced physical assault, among whom 41% suffered injuries. In addition, 36.4% of the sample experienced sexual coercion. Intergenerational transmission played a role in women's dating violence victimization. The most important mode of intergenerational transmission was imitation, suggesting that witnessing inter-parental violence must be addressed to improve the developmental health of exposed children.
Work Initiatives for Persons with Severe Mental Illnesses in Canada: A Decade of Development
Authors: Kirsh Bonnie , Krupa Terry , Cockburn Lynn , Gewurtz Rebecca
Published: October 2014

This research study portrays work initiatives for persons with serious mental illness in Canada. It considers 2 earlier papers on vocational programs and services to point out developments and current status in the field. Through a content analysis of documents collected from work initiatives across Canada, core values, models, and practices in the area of work integration are presented. Findings point to a consistent belief in the capacity of consumers to develop their work potential, to engage in the labour force, and to experience the many benefits of work. Results also reveal evidence of an increased emphasis on consumer initiatives, partnerships within the community, and negotiation of environmental factors, including workplace accommodations. Examples of work initiatives are provided, and suggestions for further research are offered.
Fine structure of plasmaspheric hiss
Authors: Summers Danny , Omura Yoshiharu , Nakamura Satoko , Kletzing Craig A.
Published: October 2014

Plasmaspheric hiss has been widely regarded as a broadband, structureless, incoherent emission. In this study, by examining burst‐mode vector waveform data from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science instrument on the Van Allen Probes mission, we show that plasmaspheric hiss is a coherent emission with complex fine structure. Specifically, plasmaspheric hiss appears as discrete rising tone and falling tone elements. Our study comprises the analysis of two 1 h samples within which a total of eight 1 s samples were analyzed. By means of waveform analysis on two samples, we identify typical amplitudes, phase profiles, and sweep rates of the rising and falling tone elements. The exciting new observations reported here can be expected to fuel a reexamination of the properties of plasmaspheric hiss, including a further reanalysis of the generation mechanism for hiss.
Extraordinary Modulation of Disulfide Redox‐Responsiveness by Cooperativity of Twin‐Disulfide Bonds
Authors: Zhai Linxiang , Liang Jingjing , Guo Xiangqun , Zhao Yibing , Wu Chuanliu
Published: October 2014

Disulfide bonds have frequently been incorporated into synthetic materials to promote sensitivity of the systems towards different redox environments. Although many strategies have been developed to rationally tune the stability of disulfide linkers, methods to tune their responsiveness towards different redox environments remain elusive. In this work we have developed and explored a disulfide linker bearing two independent disulfide bonds, referred to as a twin‐disulfide linker. We have demonstrated that the twin‐disulfide linker displays an ultrahigh stability at lower concentrations of reducing agent or in weakly reducing environments without a significant compromise in the sensitivity of its response to highly reducing environments such as cytoplasm, a feature that is in remarkable contrast to the traditional single disulfide bonds. Such an extraordinary responsiveness arises from the cooperativity of the twin‐disulfide bonds, which should be of particular interest for applications such as controlled drug delivery and sensing, because relatively large differences in disulfide stability in different redox environments is desired in these applications.
Nonsymmetrical Azocarbonamide Carboxylates as Effective Mitsunobu Reagents
Authors: Furkert Daniel P. , Breitenbach Benjamin , Juen Ludovic , Sroka Ina , Pantin Mathilde , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: October 2014

A family of nonsymmetrical Mitsunobu reagents possessing both dialkyl amide and ester substituents was developed. These new reagents were readily prepared in a single pot from inexpensive, commercially available materials by using a scalable and environmentally friendly procedure. They were shown to exhibit activity parallel to that of diethyl azodicarboxylate/diisopropyl azodicarboxylate in a wide variety of Mitsunobu reactions. Importantly, the acyl hydrazine reaction byproducts were readily separable from the crude mixture by standard aqueous workup. In addition, the discovery of effective nonsymmetrical Mitsunobu reagents offers new directions for the ongoing development of this important reaction.
Use and cost of hospitalization in dementia: longitudinal results from a community‐based study
Authors: Zhu Carolyn W. , Cosentino Stephanie , Ornstein Katherine , Gu Yian , Andrews Howard , Stern Yaakov
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The aim of this study is to examine the relative contribution of functional impairment and cognitive deficits on risk of hospitalization and costs.

Methods

A prospective cohort of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older who participated in the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) were followed approximately every 18 months for over 10 years (1805 never diagnosed with dementia during study period, 221 diagnosed with dementia at enrollment). Hospitalization and Medicare expenditures data (1999–2010) were obtained from Medicare claims. Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine (1) risk of all‐cause hospitalizations, (2) hospitalizations from ambulatory care sensitive (ACSs) conditions, (3) hospital length of stay (LOS), and (4) Medicare expenditures. Propensity score matching methods were used to reduce observed differences between demented and non‐demented groups at study enrollment. Analyses took into account repeated observations within each individual.

Results

Compared to propensity‐matched individuals without dementia, individuals with dementia had significantly higher risk for all‐cause hospitalization, longer LOS, and higher Medicare expenditures. Functional and cognitive deficits were significantly associated with higher risks for hospitalizations, hospital LOS, and Medicare expenditures. Functional and cognitive deficits were associated with higher risks of for some ACS but not all admissions.

Conclusions

These results allow us to differentiate the impact of functional and cognitive deficits on hospitalizations. To develop strategies to reduce hospitalizations and expenditures, better understanding of which types of hospitalizations and which disease characteristics impact these outcomes will be critical. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of therapeutic apheresis in infectious and inflammatory diseases: Current knowledge and unanswered questions
Authors: Sloan Steven R. , Andrzejewski Chester , Aqui Nicole A. , Kiss Joseph E. , Krause Peter J. , Park Yara A.
Published: October 2014

Apheresis can remove pathogens and mediators that contribute to pathogenic inflammatory responses in diseases not generally considered to be “Hematologic.” Erythrocytapheresis can remove intracellular pathogens such as Babesiosis. Plasmapheresis can remove mediators of the inflammatory response in conditions such as sepsis, chronic autoimmune urticaria and malignant pertussis. Leukapheresis can remove potentially harmful leukocytes in Crohn's Disease and malignant pertussis. While apheresis can remove all of these substances, the clinical efficacy and pathophysiologic changes that occur during apheresis in these conditions are largely unknown. Hence, the clinical utility of apheresis in these conditions is largely unknown and research in these areas has the potential to benefit many patients with a variety of diseases. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:259–264, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leader Development Through Reading and Reflection
Authors: Jefferson Jonathan K. , Martin Ira H. , Owens Jake
Published: October 2014

The current investigation serves to assess the usefulness, lessons learned, and leader development of eight male students in a senior level university leadership class based on reading and reflection. Thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed three major themes to explain students’ lessons learned in leader development through journaling: (a) Relationship Development, (b) Technical Skill Development, and (c) Awareness Development. Support exists for the effectiveness of reading and reflection as a pedagogical tool for leader lesson development with a college‐age sample.
“So Much Technology, So Little Talent”? Skills for Harnessing Technology for Leadership Outcomes
Authors: Phelps Kirstin C.
Published: October 2014

Advanced information and communication technologies are impacting the ways groups and individuals collaborate, communicate, and engage. Such changes also have impacts on the leadership process. By reviewing the literature on e‐leadership and technology‐centered fields, the current article provides recommendations and implications for leading in online environments.
Mobile Applications: Situating Leadership Education
Authors: Guthrie Kathy L. , Shields Sarah E. , Zernick Kristen K.
Published: October 2014

Florida State University has recently introduced the LEAD (Lead, Engage, Apply, Develop) Mobile Application for undergraduate students. The innovative platform has situated potential building of leadership capacity directly into the hands of students. Individual modules are available in the mobile application and designed to introduce leadership concepts, activities for users to practice applying these theories to their own reality, and reflection for students to make meaning from the theories learned and their application. The current article explores the application's innovative features, lessons learned from the development, and implications for leadership educators and learners.
LED‐Induced Polymerization (385, 405, and 455 nm) Using Star‐Shaped Tris(4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine Derivatives as Light‐Harvesting Photoinitiators
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sallenave Xavier , Bui Thanh‐Tuan , Dumur Frédéric , Xiao Pu , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: October 2014

Two star‐shaped tris(4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine derivatives, namely tris(4‐(5‐(3‐pentylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐5‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine and tris(4‐(5‐(3‐pentyl‐2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐5‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine, are developed as photoinitiators for radical and cationic polymerizations under near‐UV and visible light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) (e.g., 385, 405, and 455 nm). When used in combination with an iodonium salt (and optionally N‐vinyl carbazole) or an amine/alkyl halide couples, they lead to excellent photoinitiating abilities for the polymerization of epoxides or (meth)acrylates under air. Compared with commercial photoinitiators, i.e., camphorquinone‐based systems or bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)‐phenylphosphineoxide, the novel photoinitiators exhibit noticeably higher polymerization efficiencies under air (epoxide conversions = 41–57% vs ≈0%, halogen lamp exposure; methacrylate conversions = 50–55% vs 44%, LED at 405 nm exposure; methacrylate conversions = 34–42% vs 0–8%, LED at 455 nm exposure). These systems are also interesting in overcoming oxygen inhibition. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady‐state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques.

image
Multivendor implementation and comparison of volumetric whole‐brain echo‐planar MR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Sabati Mohammad , Sheriff Sulaiman , Gu Meng , Wei Juan , Zhu Henry , Barker Peter B. , Spielman Daniel M. , Alger Jeffry R. , Maudsley Andrew A.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

To assess volumetric proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the human brain on multivendor MRI instruments.

Methods

Echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging was developed on instruments from three manufacturers, with matched specifications and acquisition protocols that accounted for differences in sampling performance, radiofrequency (RF) power, and data formats. Intersite reproducibility was evaluated for signal‐normalized maps of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), and choline using phantom and human subject measurements. Comparative analyses included metrics for spectral quality, spatial coverage, and mean values in atlas‐registered brain regions.

Results

Intersite differences for phantom measurements were less than 1.7% for individual metabolites and less than 0.2% for ratio measurements. Spatial uniformity ranged from 79% to 91%. The human studies found differences of mean values in the temporal lobe, but good agreement in other white matter regions, with maximum differences relative to their mean of under 3.2%. For NAA/Cre, the maximum difference was 1.8%. In gray matter, a significant difference was observed for frontal lobe NAA. Primary causes of intersite differences were attributed to shim quality, B0 drift, and accuracy of RF excitation. Correlation coefficients for measurements at each site were over 0.60, indicating good reliability.

Conclusion

A volumetric intensity‐normalized MRSI acquisition can be implemented in a comparable manner across multivendor MR instruments. Magn Reson Med 74:1209–1220, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On detecting termination in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Singh Awadhesh Kumar
Published: October 2014

The cognitive radio networks are an emerging wireless communication and computing paradigm. The cognitive radio nodes execute computations on multiple heterogeneous channels in the absence of licensed users (a.k.a. primary users) of those bands. The termination detection is a fundamental and non‐trivial problem in distributed systems. In this paper, we propose a termination detection protocol for multi‐hop cognitive radio networks where the cognitive radio nodes are allowed to tune to channels that are not currently occupied by primary users and to move to different locations during the protocol execution. The proposed protocol applies a credit‐distribution‐and‐aggregation approach and maintains a new kind of logical structure, called the virtual tree‐like structure. The virtual tree‐like structure helps in decreasing the latency involved in announcing termination. Unlike conventional tree structures, the virtual tree‐like structure does not require a specific node to act as the root node that has to stay involved in the computation until termination announcement; hence, the root node may become idle soon after finishing its computation. Also, the protocol is able to detect the presence of licensed users and announce strong or weak termination, whichever is possible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inelastic thermal spike model applied to metal/insulator interfaces
Authors: Chettah A. , Amekura H. , Baeker R. , Kucal H. , Takeda Y. , Matsuda M. , Iwase A.
Published: October 2014

Recently, inter‐diffusion induced by 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation in metal‐insulator interfaces (Bi/Al2O3and Au/Al2O3) was investigated experimentally via in‐situ RBS measurements using 16 MeV C ions. In this work, the experimental results were tried to be explained by the inelastic thermal spike model (ITSM). Although these results explained qualitatively the inter‐diffusion, the experimentally observed diffusion length (∼800 nm) at a fluence value of 7 x 1013cm‐2was much larger than the estimated maximum value within the ITSM (∼80 nm). It was found that the Bi concentration profiles measured via in‐situ RBS could not be fitted by simple diffusional ones. We suggested that the main responsible of the huge atomic diffusion exhibited by Bi in Al2O3could be the directional motion of Bi atoms in molten Al2O3triggered off by the pressure due to liquid‐vapor phase transition of Bi near the interface. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tracking control of uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems with finite‐time convergence
Authors: Hu Qinglei , Xiao Bing , Shi Peng
Published: October 2014

A unified solution is presented to the tracking control problem of Euler–Lagrange systems with finite‐time convergence. A reconstruction module is designed to estimate the overall of unmodeled dynamics, disturbance, actuator misalignment, and multiple actuator faults. That reconstruction is accomplished in finite time with zero error. A nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is then synthesized, and the resultant closed‐loop system is also shown to be finite‐time stable with the reference trajectory followed in finite time. Unlike most sliding mode control methods to handle system uncertainties, the designed control has less conservativeness and stronger fault tolerant capability. A rigid spacecraft system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coverage hole problem under sensing topology in flat wireless sensor networks
Authors: An Wei , Qu Nan , Shao Fang‐Ming , Xiong Xiangjun , Ci Song
Published: October 2014

In flat wireless sensor networks, one fundamental issue is region coverage, which usually addresses whether the given region is sufficiently covered by sensing disks of sensor nodes or not. Although numerous research works have been carried out on region coverage, it still lacks in‐depth understanding on the relations between region coverage and sensing topology defined with the intersections of sensing areas of sensor nodes. In this paper, we consider the region coverage problem by using the sensing topology proposed in our previous work. Based on the notion of sensing topology, we prove that the given region can be partitioned into a number of the smallest cells, each of which is defined by sensing links among sensor nodes. Then, we investigate the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of coverage holes for the specific polygon graph residing in the partitioned cells. Further, two polynomial time algorithms are presented for dividing the given region covered by the whole network and detecting the coverage holes existing in the interior area of the partitioned cells, respectively. The experiment results show that our proposed algorithms are effective for detecting the coverage holes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breeding of a xylose-fermenting hybrid strain by mating genetically engineered haploid strains derived from industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Seitaro , Matsushika Akinori , Watanabe Seiya , Sawayama Shigeki
Published: October 2014

The industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae IR-2 is a promising host strain to genetically engineer xylose-utilizing yeasts for ethanol fermentation from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Two IR-2-based haploid strains were selected based upon the rate of xylulose fermentation, and hybrids were obtained by mating recombinant haploid strains harboring heterogeneous xylose dehydrogenase (XDH) (wild-type NAD+-dependent XDH or engineered NADP+-dependent XDH, ARSdR), xylose reductase (XR) and xylulose kinase (XK) genes. ARSdR in the hybrids selected for growth rates on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) agar and YP-xylose agar plates typically had a higher activity than NAD+-dependent XDH. Furthermore, the xylose-fermenting performance of the hybrid strain SE12 with the same level of heterogeneous XDH activity was similar to that of a recombinant strain of IR-2 harboring a single set of genes, XR/ARSdR/XK. These results suggest not only that the recombinant haploid strains retain the appropriate genetic background of IR-2 for ethanol production from xylose but also that ARSdR is preferable for xylose fermentation.
Hippocratic Medicine in China: Comparison with a 9th Century Chinese Manual on Bone Setting
Authors: Fu Louis
Published: October 2014

Chinese history annals recorded cultural interchange between China and the Roman Empire during the Han dynasty. The first medical missionaries were Nestorian Christians from the Middle East who arrived in China in AD 635. They introduced Western medical practice into China. This paper compares the first comprehensive Chinese treatise on bone and joint injuries by a hermit monk named Lin and the Hippocratic Corpus. Based on external knowledge from the author's background as well as textural comparison the text of Hippocrates, a remarkable similarity is noted. Although these similarities could have arisen by chance, it is reasonable to hypothesize that traditional bone setting in China originated from the Hippocratic tradition and was later integrated with indigenous herbal medicine.
Improving Olympic Health Services: What are the Common Health Care Planning Issues?
Authors: Kononovas Kostas , Black Georgia , Taylor Jayne , Raine Rosalind
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Due to their scale, the Olympic and Paralympic Games have the potential to place significant strain on local health services. The Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, Vancouver 2010, and London 2012 Olympic host cities shared their experiences by publishing reports describing health care arrangements.

Hypothesis

Olympic planning reports were compared to highlight best practices, to understand whether and which lessons are transferable, and to identify recurring health care planning issues for future hosts.

Methods

A structured, critical, qualitative analysis of all available Olympic health care reports was conducted. Recommendations and issues with implications for future Olympic host cities were extracted from each report.

Results

The six identified themes were: (1) the importance of early planning and relationship building: clarifying roles early to agree on responsibility and expectations, and engaging external and internal groups in the planning process from the start; (2) the development of appropriate medical provision: most health care needs are addressed inside Olympic venues rather than by hospitals which do not experience significant increases in attendance during the Games; (3) preparing for risks: gastrointestinal and food-borne illnesses are the most common communicable diseases experienced during the Games, but the incidence is still very low; (4) addressing the security risk: security arrangements are one of the most resource-demanding tasks; (5) managing administration and logistical issues: arranging staff permission to work at Games venues (“accreditation”) is the most complex administrative task that is likely to encounter delays and errors; and (6) planning and assessing health legacy programs: no previous Games were able to demonstrate that their health legacy initiatives were effective. Although each report identified similar health care planning issues, subsequent Olympic host cities did not appear to have drawn on the transferable experiences of previous host cities.

Conclusion

Repeated recommendations and lessons from host cities show that similar health care planning issues occur despite different health systems. To improve health care planning and delivery, host cities should pay heed to the specific planning issues that have been highlighted. It is also advisable to establish good communication with organizers from previous Games to learn first-hand about planning from previous hosts.

KononovasK, BlackG, TaylorJ, RaineR. Improving Olympic health services: what are the common health care planning issues?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(6):1-6.
Simultaneous Exposure–Response Modeling of ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 Improvement Scores in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Certolizumab Pegol
Authors: Lacroix B D , Karlsson M O , Friberg L E
Published: October 2014

The Markovian approach has been proposed to model American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) response (ACR20, ACR50, or ACR70) reported in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials to account for the dependency of the scores over time. However, dichotomizing the composite ACR assessment discards much information. Here, we propose a new approach for modeling together the three thresholds: a continuous‐time Markov exposure–response model was developed, based on data from five placebo‐controlled certolizumab pegol clinical trials. This approach allows adequate prediction of individual ACR20/50/70 time‐response, even for non‐periodic observations. An exposure–response was established over a large range of licensed and unlicensed doses including phase II dose‐ranging data. Simulations from the model (50–400 mg every other week) illustrated the range and sustainability of response (ACR20: 56–68%, ACR50: 27–42%, ACR70: 11–22% at week 24) with maximum clinical effect achieved at the recommended maintenance dose of 200 mg every other week.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e143; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.41; published online 29 October 2014
Analytical and computer modelling of thermal processes of laser interaction with a single nanoparticle
Authors: Pustovalov Victor K. , Smetannikov Andrei S.
Published: October 2014

The problem of laser heating of NP is important for many applications in nanoscience. It is necessary to know the spatial–temporal behavior of the NP and medium temperature in this problem for analysis of experiments and prediction of new effects.
Ion structure controls ionic liquid near-surface and interfacial nanostructure
Authors: Elbourne Aaron , Voïtchovsky Kislon , Warr Gregory G. , Atkin Rob
Published: October 2014

In situ amplitude modulated atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to resolve the 3-dimensional nanostructure of five protic ILs at and near the surface of mica.
A no observed adverse effect level for DNA adduct formation in rat liver with prolonged dosing of the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene
Authors: Williams Gary M. , Duan Jian-Dong , Iatropoulos Michael J. , Kobets Tetyana
Published: October 2014

Administration of AAF by gavage to male rats resulted in formation of several DNA adducts in liver, the pattern of which changed over time and with repair. The cumulative dose of 0.125 mg kg−1 AAF achieved in repeated doses for 16 weeks was a NOAEL for DNA adducts.
Effect of Co-pyrolysis of mahua seed and waste polystyrene on quality of liquid fuel
Authors: Shadangi Krushna Prasad , Mohanty Kaustubha
Published: October 2014

Mahua seed (Madhuca indica) was co-pyrolyzed with waste polystyrene (Thermocol) with an aim to increase the yield and fuel properties of the pyrolytic oil. Co-pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 525 °C in a semi-batch reactor. Co-pyrolysis experiments were performed by varying Mahua seed to waste polystyrene ratios such as 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1. The condensed liquid product was collected as aqueous and oil phase. The fuel properties and composition of the co-pyrolytic oil were evaluated and compared with that of Mahua seed pyrolytic oil. The process was optimized on the basis of high energy content of the pyrolytic oil. The synergistic effect of waste polystyrene during co-pyrolysis with Mahua seed (at the ratio of 2:1) yielded high calorific value, low pH, and low viscous co-pyrolytic oil in comparison with seed pyrolytic oil. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of co-pyrolytic oil confirmed that the amount of esters increased during co-pyrolysis, which resulted in an increased calorific value.
Influence of sexual sensation-seeking on factors associated with risky sexual behaviour among African-American female adolescents
Authors: Ritchwood Tiarney D. , Penn Dolly C. , DiClemente Ralph J. , Rose Eve S. , Sales Jessica M.
Published: October 2014

Background
The identification of antecedents to sexual risk among youth is critical to the development and dissemination of multilevel interventions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sexual sensation-seeking on partner age, partner communication, and the sexual attitudes and behaviours of African-American female youth. Methods: This study examined survey data collected by audio computer-assisted self-interviews from 701 young African-American females between 14 and 20 years of age. The survey consisted of items designed to measure adolescents’ sexual risk and preventive behaviours. Results: The results of this study suggest that sexual sensation-seeking is associated with condom use among adolescent African-American females. For adolescents who reported greater sexual sensation-seeking, lower levels of sexual happiness were associated with a decreased likelihood of condom use at last intercourse (β = 1.01, P ≤ 0.05). For those reporting lower levels of sexual sensation-seeking, greater sexual enjoyment was associated with a greater likelihood of condom use at last intercourse (β = 0.93, P ≤ 0.01). Adolescents with younger sexual partners and lower levels of sexual sensation-seeking reported a higher proportion of condom use in the past 6 months (β = 0.70, P = 0.01). Higher partner communication self-efficacy and decreasing levels of sexual sensation-seeking were associated with fewer lifetime sexual partners (β = –0.54, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Future research should address the impact of these variables on adolescent relationship dynamics and sexual decision-making.
The mechanism of Torsin ATPase activation
Authors: Brown Rebecca S. H. , Zhao Chenguang , Chase Anna R. , Wang Jimin , Schlieker Christian
Published: October 2014

Significance

Torsin activity critically depends on accessory cofactors that activate their ATPase activity by a poorly understood mechanism. This study establishes the mechanistic framework for Torsin activation, which relies on a complementation of the fragmentary Torsin active site. Given these unusual properties and the fact that Torsin activation is dysregulated in the congenital movement disorder primary dystonia, our results suggest that pharmacological manipulation of Torsin activation may present a novel therapeutic opportunity.
Hyperfine excitation of CN by para- and ortho-H2
Authors: Kalugina Yulia , Lique François
Published: October 2014

Among the interstellar molecules, the CN radical is of particular interest since it is a good probe of cold dark molecular clouds, and especially prestellar cores. Modelling of CN emission spectra from these dense molecular clouds requires the calculation of rate coefficients for excitation by collisions with the most abundant species. We calculate fine- and hyperfine-structure-resolved excitation rate coefficients of CN(X2Σ+) by para- and ortho-H2. The calculations are based on a new potential energy surface obtained recently from highly correlated ab initio calculations. State-to-state rate coefficients between fine and hyperfine levels of CN were calculated for low temperatures ranging from 5 to 100 K. The new results are compared to available CN rate coefficients. Significant differences are found between the different sets of rate coefficients. This comparison shows that the new CN–H2 rate coefficients have to be used for observations interpretations. We expect that their use will help significantly to have a new insight into the physical conditions of prestellar cores.
Catalytic Subunit Stoichiometry within the Cellulose Synthase Complex
Authors: Gonneau Martine , Desprez Thierry , Guillot Alain , Vernhettes Samantha , Höfte Herman
Published: October 2014

Cellulose synthesis is driven by large plasma membrane-inserted protein complexes, which in plants have 6-fold symmetry. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), functional cellulose synthesis complexes (CSCs) are composed of at least three different cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs), but the actual ratio of the CESA isoforms within the CSCs remains unresolved. In this work, the stoichiometry of the CESAs in the primary cell wall CSC was determined, after elimination of CESA redundancy in a mutant background, by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry using label-free quantitative methods. Based on spectral counting, we show that CESA1, CESA3, and CESA6 are present in a 1:1:1 molecular ratio.
A study of information security awareness in Australian government organisations
Authors: Parsons Kathryn , McCormac Agata , Pattinson Malcolm , Butavicius Marcus , Jerram Cate
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the human-based information security (InfoSec) vulnerabilities in three Australian government organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

– A Web-based survey was developed to test attitudes, knowledge and behaviour across eight policy-based focus areas. It was completed by 203 participants across the three organisations. This was complemented by interviews with senior management from these agencies.

Findings

– Overall, management and employees had reasonable levels of InfoSec awareness. However, weaknesses were identified in the use of wireless technology, the reporting of security incidents and the use of social networking sites. These weaknesses were identified in the survey data of the employees and corroborated in the management interviews.

Research limitations/implications

– As with all such surveys, responses to the questions on attitude and behaviour (but not knowledge) may have been influenced by the social desirability bias. Further research should establish more extensive baseline data for the survey and examine its effectiveness in assessing the impact of training and risk communication interventions.

Originality/value

– A new survey tool is presented and tested which is of interest to academics as well as management and IT systems (security) auditors.
A review of the general pharmacology of ketamine and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia in horses
Authors: Lin H. C. , Passler T. , Wilborn R. R. , Taintor J. S. , Caldwell F. J.
Published: October 2014

Ketamine is the most commonly used injectable anaesthetic in horses. Combinations of ketamine have been used to produce short durations of anaesthesia or as total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for longer diagnostic or surgical procedures. In recent years, ketamine has been used for pain management due to its effectiveness in producing analgesia at subanaesthetic doses. This paper provides a review of the pharmacological effects of ketamine in general and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia and pain management in horses.
Assisting people with dementia with their medicines: experiences of family carers
Authors: Smith Felicity , Grijseels Madelon S , Ryan Patricia , Tobiansky Robert
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Many family carers provide assistance with medicines that is vital for optimal clinical outcomes. Medicines-related tasks are known to contribute to carer burden and stress. This study examined the experiences of family carers when providing medicines-related assistance for a person with dementia, to indicate how services could become more responsive to the specific needs of this group of carers.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with family carers and care-recipients identified though a memory clinic in north London and a local Alzheimer's Society. The interview guide, comprising open questions, was informed by previous studies and consultation with stakeholders. Qualitative procedures involving a framework approach were employed in the analysis.

Key findings

Fourteen interviews with carers and five with care-recipients were conducted. These highlighted the burden and challenges, surrounding medicines-management activities. As well as practical aspects that could be complex, carers were commonly making judgements about the need for and appropriateness of medicines. Although experiences were varied, carers reported difficulties in maintaining supplies, ensuring adherence to regimens and accessing health professionals; and they made some recommendations for service improvements. Carers’ difficulty in obtaining information and advice about medicines was compounded by their desire to allow the care-recipient to retain autonomy over their medicines as long as possible.

Conclusion

This study highlights the distinct needs and problems with regard to medicines-management when caring for a person with dementia. As the prevalence of dementia rises, interventions designed to address these specific aspects of reduce carer-burden should be a priority for health professionals.
“Help, I Have Too Much Stuff!”: Extreme Possession Attachment and Professional Organizers
Authors: ROSTER CATHERINE A.
Published: October 2014

Compulsive hoarding is a serious problem for consumers, their families, and the communities in which they live. Consumers naturally form attachments to their possessions. However, at the extreme end of the attachment spectrum, these attachments can undermine a consumer's well‐being. This study describes attachment styles exhibited by consumers who sought help from trained professional organizers (POs) to help them achieve their de‐cluttering goals. Narrative case descriptions were compiled from 28 trained POs across the United States using an Internet survey with mostly open‐ended questions. Interpretive analysis demonstrates how POs craft strategies to help clients let go of meaningful goods by considering the client's unique attachment profile and the temporal relevance of possessions to self. This study illustrates how POs help consumers improve their well‐being by unraveling possession attachments that threaten consumers' quality of life.
Event‐related EEG time‐frequency PCA and the orienting reflex to auditory stimuli
Authors: Barry Robert J. , De Blasio Frances M. , Bernat Edward M. , Steiner Genevieve Z.
Published: October 2014

We recently reported an auditory habituation series with counterbalanced indifferent and significant (counting) instructions. Time‐frequency (t‐f) analysis of electrooculogram‐corrected EEG was used to explore event‐related synchronization (ERS)/desynchronization (ERD) in four EEG bands using arbitrarily selected time epochs and traditional frequency ranges. ERS in delta, theta, and alpha, and subsequent ERD in theta, alpha, and beta, showed substantial decrement over trials, yet effects of stimulus significance (count vs. no‐task) were minimal. Here, we used principal components analysis (PCA) of the t‐f data to investigate the natural frequency and time combinations involved in such stimulus processing. We identified four ERS and four ERD t‐f components: six showed decrement over trials, four showed count > no‐task effects, and six showed Significance × Trial interactions. This increased sensitivity argues for the wider use of our data‐driven t‐f PCA approach.
A Century of Elk Restoration in Eastern North America
Authors: Popp Jesse N. , Toman Tom , Mallory Frank F. , Hamr Josef
Published: October 2014

Over a century has passed since elk were extirpated in eastern North America. During that time, numerous attempts to reintroduce elk into eastern North America have resulted in varying degrees of success and failure. An overview of restoration efforts during the last 100 years is presented here with emphasis on the differences in rates of population change among regions and differences in major causes of elk mortality during both the pre‐ and post‐acclimation periods. Approximately 40% of recorded elk reintroduction attempts in eastern North America resulted in failure, with the majority of these having occurred in the first half of the 20th century. Although rates of population change in elk were highly variable, they were not related to founding population size. Major causes of mortality varied among regions and should be considered in future reintroduction attempts.
A Theory of Preference Formation Among Ideologues and Nonideologues*
Authors: Jackson Natalie M.
Published: October 2014

Objective

This article addresses the differences in belief systems that drive how moderates and ideologues form their policy preferences. The model put forth posits that while ideologues rely on ideological and partisan cues to form their preferences and respond to survey questions, moderates default to a more primitive source of their worldviews.

Methods

This project uses an anthropological operationalization of cultural worldview to test the model by analyzing the relationships between culture, ideology, and policy preferences for moderates and ideologues separately.

Results

Results indicate that the model is supported: moderates rely more heavily on their cultural views while forming and reporting their policy preferences, whereas ideologues rely primarily on their ideological views to form and report policy preferences.

Conclusion

There is evidence that partisans and moderates think about their views in fundamentally different ways, which is not fully accounted for in typical models of political behavior.
Self-termination in the gas-phase layer-by-layer growth of an aza silane and water on planar silicon and nylon substrates
Authors: Gupta Vipul , Diwan Anubhav , Evans Delwyn , Telford Clive , Linford Matthew R.
Published: October 2014

The authors report the gas phase, layer-by-layer deposition of an organosilane (N-n-butyl-aza-2,2-dimethoxysilacyclopentane, 1) and either water or aqueous ammonium hydroxide onto two substrates: Si/SiO2 and nylon. This process results in smooth, water resistant, inorganic-organic barrier layers. The layer-by-layer deposition of 1 appears to be self-limiting to a few nanometers, which may make it useful where ultrathin films of controllable dimensions and uniformity are desired. The authors are unaware of another thin film system that has these properties. Films were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, water contact angle goniometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Interestingly, film thicknesses on nylon were much higher than on silicon, and films prepared in the presence of the ammonia “catalyst” were thinner than those prepared with water. Test circuits coated only with a fluorosilane showed higher penetration of water compared to those coated with a barrier layer of 1/H2O and the fluorosilane.