bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone assessment in girls with central precocious puberty
Authors: Durá-Travé T. , Gallinas-Victoriano F.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The objective of this study was to analyze vitamin D status and PTH concentrations in 6- to 8-year-old girls with central precocious puberty.

Methods

A cross-sectional clinical and blood testing study (calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)D and PTH) was carried out in 78 girls with central precocious puberty (CPP group), aged 6.1–7.9 years. A control group was recruited (137 prepubertal girls, aged 6.1–8.2 years). The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D.

Results

There were no significant differences in vitamin D status between both groups. There were no significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations between CPP (25.4 ± 8.6 ng/mL) and control groups (28.2 ± 7.4 ng/mL). In contrast, PHT concentrations in CPP group (44.8 ± 16.3 pg/mL) were higher (p < 0.05) with respect to control group (31.0 ± 11.9 ng/mL). In CPP group, there was a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between PTH concentrations and growth rate, bone age, and basal estradiol, basal FSH, basal LH and LH peak concentrations.

Conclusion

Vitamin D status in 6- to 8-year-old girls with CPP is similar to that in prepubertal girls. PTH concentrations were significantly higher in girls with CPP, and this could be considered as a physiological characteristic of puberty and, in this case, of pubertal precocity.
A novel density deviation multi-peaks automatic clustering algorithm
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Limin , Han Xuming , Parmar Milan , Li Mingyang
Published: June 2022

The density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm is a classical and widely used clustering method. However, the DPC algorithm requires manual selection of cluster centers, a single way of density calculation, and cannot effectively handle low-density points. To address the above issues, we propose a novel density deviation multi-peaks automatic clustering method (AmDPC) in this paper. Firstly, we propose a new local-density and use the deviation to measure the relationship between data points and the cut-off distance ($$d_c$$

d
c

). Secondly, we divide the density deviation into multiple density levels equally and extract the points with higher distances in each density level. Finally, for the multi-peak points with higher distances at low-density levels, we merge them according to the size difference of the density deviation. We finally achieve the overall automatic clustering by processing the low-density points. To verify the performance of the method, we test the synthetic dataset, the real-world dataset, and the Olivetti Face dataset, respectively. The simulation experimental results indicate that the AmDPC method can handle low-density points more effectively and has certain effectiveness and robustness.
Electromagnetic counterparts to massive black-hole mergers
Authors: Bogdanović Tamara , Miller M. Coleman , Blecha Laura
Published: June 2022

The next two decades are expected to open the door to the first coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational-wave (GW) signatures associated with massive black-hole (MBH) binaries heading for coalescence. These detections will launch a new era of multimessenger astrophysics by expanding this growing field to the low-frequency GW regime and will provide an unprecedented understanding of the evolution of MBHs and galaxies. They will also constitute fundamentally new probes of cosmology and would enable unique tests of gravity. The aim of this Living Review is to provide an introduction to this research topic by presenting a summary of key findings, physical processes and ideas pertaining to EM counterparts to MBH mergers as they are known at the time of this writing. We review current observational evidence for close MBH binaries, discuss relevant physical processes and timescales, and summarize the possible EM counterparts to GWs in the precursor, coalescence, and afterglow stages of a MBH merger. We also describe open questions and discuss future prospects in this dynamic and quick-paced research area.
Formalizing and Integrating User Knowledge into Security Analytics
Authors: Böhm Fabian , Vielberth Manfred , Pernul Günther
Published: June 2022

The Internet-of-Things and ubiquitous cyber-physical systems increase the attack surface for cyber-physical attacks. They exploit technical vulnerabilities and human weaknesses to wreak havoc on organizations’ information systems, physical machines, or even humans. Taking a stand against these multi-dimensional attacks requires automated measures to be combined with people as their knowledge has proven critical for security analytics. However, there is no uniform understanding of information security knowledge and its integration into security analytics activities. With this work, we structure and formalize the crucial notions of knowledge that we deem essential for holistic security analytics. A corresponding knowledge model is established based on the Incident Detection Lifecycle, which summarizes the security analytics activities. This idea of knowledge-based security analytics highlights a dichotomy in security analytics. Security experts can operate security mechanisms and thus contribute their knowledge. However, security novices often cannot operate security mechanisms and, therefore, cannot make their highly-specialized domain knowledge available for security analytics. This results in several severe knowledge gaps. We present a research prototype that shows how several of these knowledge gaps can be overcome by simplifying the interaction with automated security analytics techniques.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence use in marketing: a general taxonomy
Authors: De Mauro Andrea , Sestino Andrea , Bacconi Andrea
Published: June 2022

The emergence of consumer-generated data and the growing availability of Machine Learning (ML) techniques are revolutionizing marketing practices. Marketers and researchers are far from having a thorough understanding of the broad range of opportunities ML applications offer in creating and maintaining a competitive business advantage. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of ML use cases in marketing based on a systematic review of academic and business literature. We have identified 11 recurring use cases, organized in 4 homogeneous families which correspond to the fundamentals leverage areas of ML in marketing, namely: shopper fundamentals, consumption experience, decision making, and financial impact. We discuss the recurring patterns identified in the taxonomy and provide a conceptual framework for its interpretation and extension, highlighting practical implications for marketers and researchers.
The generalized spatial random effects model in R
Authors: Millo Giovanni
Published: June 2022

We describe a user-friendly, production quality R implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator of the generalized spatial random effects (GSRE) model of Baltagi, Egger and Pfaffermayr within the well known ’splm’ package for spatial panel econometrics. We extend the maximum likelihood estimator for the GSRE to including a spatial lag of the dependent variable (SAR), and we discuss the theoretical and computational approach. This is the first implementation of the SAR+GSRE, and the second of the original GSRE. Until recently only estimators restricting the spatial structure of individual effects in an arbitrary way have been available and widely employed in applied practice. We present results from the SAR+GSRE and the restricted estimators side by side, drawing on some well-known examples from the spatial econometrics literature. The potential biases from imposing inappropriate restrictions to the spatial error process and/or from omitting the SAR term are illustrated by simulation.
Development and characterisation of an irradiation device for biomedical studies covering the solar spectrum with individual regulated spectral bands
Authors: Plitta-Michalak B. , Stricker N. , Pavez Loriè E. , Chen I. , Pollet M. , Krutmann J. , Volkmer B. , Greinert R. , Boukamp P. , Rapp A.
Published: June 2022

To understand the importance of terrestrial solar exposure on human skin, not only individual spectral components need to be considered in biomedical studies, but also the relevance of the combined action profile of the complete solar spectrum (cSS) must be established. We therefore developed a novel irradiation device that combines the emission of four individual lamps (UVB, UVA, VIS and nIR) to achieve exposure from 280 to 1400 nm with individual controllable lamps. The integrated irradiance of each spectral band is similar to the solar spectrum. The lamps can be utilised individually or in any desired combination. Here we present the design, realisation, and validation of this irradiation device as well as biological results on cellular metabolism (MTT assay), cell cycle alterations, and clonogenic growth in HaCaT cells after exposures to the individual spectral bands as well as their simultaneous combinations. Thereby, we demonstrate that UVB combined with UVA is the main determinant for the metabolic activity within cSS. Also, UVB-dependent effects dominate cell cycle regulation in cSS, whilst UVA and nIR have little influence. Lastly, also clonogenic growth is dominated by the UVB action profile in cSS, despite nIR showing modulatory activity when applied in combination with UVB. Together, this highlights the regulatory influence of the different spectral bands on the three biological endpoints and demonstrates their modulation when being part of the complete solar spectrum.

Graphical abstract
On Some Mixing Properties of Copula-Based Markov Chains
Authors: Longla Martial , Mous-Abou Hamadou , Ngongo Isidore Seraphin
Published: June 2022

This paper brings some insights of $$\psi '$$

ψ
′

-mixing, $$\psi ^*$$

ψ
∗

-mixing and $$\psi$$
ψ
-mixing for copula-based Markov chains and the perturbations of their copulas. We provide new tools to check Markov chains for $$\psi$$
ψ
-mixing or $$\psi '$$

ψ
′

-mixing. We show that perturbations of $$\psi '$$

ψ
′

-mixing copula-based Markov chains are $$\psi '$$

ψ
′

-mixing while perturbations of $$\psi$$
ψ
-mixing Markov chains are not necessarily $$\psi$$
ψ
-mixing Markov chains, even when the perturbed copula generates $$\psi$$
ψ
-mixing. The Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern, gaussian and Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula families are considered among other examples. A statistical study is provided to emphasize the impact of perturbations on copula-based Markov chains in a simulation study. Moreover, we provide a correction to a statement made in Longla et al. (J Korean Stat Soc, 1–23, 2021) on $$\psi$$
ψ
-mixing.
Generalized topology optimization for architectural design
Authors: Xie Yi Min
Published: June 2022

In recent years, topology optimization has become a popular strategy for creating elegant and innovative forms for architectural design. However, the use of existing topology optimization techniques in practical applications, especially for large-scale projects, is rare because the generated forms often cannot satisfy all the design requirements of architects and engineers. This paper identifies the limitations of commonly used assumptions in topology optimization and highlights the importance of having multiple solutions. We show how these limitations could be removed and present various techniques for generating diverse and competitive structural designs that are more useful for architects. Unlike conventional topology optimization, we may include load and support conditions as additional design variables to enhance the structural performance substantially. Furthermore, we show that varying the design domain provides a plethora of opportunities to achieve more-desirable design outcomes.
P.145 RANO-BM response criteria verification study in a SRS-treated cohort
Authors: Douri K , Iorio-Morin C , Mercure-Cyr R , Figueiredo G , Touchette CJ , Masson-Côté L , Mathieu D
Published: June 2022

Background: Brain metastases are frequently seen in neurosurgical practice. Standardised criteria are created to better classify these common pathologies in research studies. This study’s goal was to evaluate RANO-BM criteria’s current thresholds in a cohort of patients with brain metastases managed by SRS. Methods: We performed a retrospective metastasis-level analysis of patients treated with SRS for brain metastases. The data collected included cohort demographics, metastases characteristics, outcomes, and the rate of true positives, false negatives, true negatives and false positives as defined by RANO-BM criteria at last follow-up before second SRS. Results: 251 metastases in 50 patients were included in the analysis. RANO-BM criteria using current thresholds yielded a sensitivity of 38%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 71% and a negative predictive value of 84%. Modified RANO-BM criteria using absolute diameter differences of 2.5 mm yielded a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 87%, a positive predictive value of 67% and a negative predictive value of 94%. Pseudoprogression occurred significantly earlier than tumor progression, with a median time of onset of 6.9 months and 12.1 months respectively. Conclusions: Current RANO-BM criteria unreliably identifies clinically relevant tumor progression, but are useful in assessing diameter increases caused by tumor progression and pseudoprogression.
Characterization of the plasma mirror system at the J-KAREN-P facility
Authors: Kon Akira , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Fukuda Yuji , Kondo Kotaro , Ogura Koichi , Sagisaka Akito , Miyasaka Yasuhiro , Dover Nicholas P. , Kando Masaki , Pirozhkov Alexander S. , Daito Izuru , Chang Liu , Choi Il Woo , Nam Chang Hee , Ziegler Tim , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Zeil Karl , Schramm Ulrich , Kiriyama Hiromitsu
Published: June 2022

We report on the design and characterization of the plasma mirror system installed on the J-KAREN-P laser at the Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology. The reflectivity of the single plasma mirror system exceeded 80%. In addition, the temporal contrast was improved by two orders of magnitude at 1 ps before the main pulse. Furthermore, the laser near-field spatial distribution after the plasma mirror was kept constant at plasma mirror fluence of less than 100 kJ/cm2. We also present the results of investigating the difference and the fluctuation in energy, pulse width and pointing stability with and without the plasma mirror system.
Effect of cloud-based information systems on the agile development of industrial business process management
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Yi-Peng , She Chen
Published: June 2022

Business process management (BPM) has been the main driver behind company optimization and operational efficiency. However, the digitization era we live in necessitates that organizations be agile and adaptable. Delivering unprecedented rates of automation-fueled agility is necessary to be a part of this digital revolution. On the other hand, BPM automation cannot be done only by concentrating on procedure space and traditional planning methodologies. With the introduction of BPM, where the deployment of BPM with cloud computing has undergone enormous development lately, cloud computing has been considered a particularly active topic of study. Cloud computing points to the provision of dependable computing environments based on improved infrastructure availability and service quality without imposing a significant cost load. This research aims to discover the relationship between technical factors, financial factors, environmental factors, security of the cloud-based information systems, and the agile development of industrial BPM (IBPM). The present study aims to fill this gap and show how partial least squares structural equation modeling (SEM) can be employed in this field. Importance–performance map analysis (IPMA) evaluated the importance and performance of factors in the SEM. IPMA enables the identification of factors with relatively low performance but relatively high importance in shaping dependent variables. The empirical findings showed that four key factors (technical, financial, environmental, and security) positively influence the agile development of IBPM.
Girl at the margin: historicizing Adunni’s subjective rendition of colonial Lagos, 1930–60
Authors: Decker Tunde
Published: June 2022

This article tells one of the many stories that remain largely untold despite the vast literature on colonial Lagos history. Although the social history of Lagos has witnessed increasing interest on the part of historians and scholars from other disciplines and has been told in relation to sex, childhood, social welfare, state, gender and elitism, many personal renditions of the city’s history are hidden from mainstream narratives. The article examines one such personal history. In particular, it exhumes narratives from the phenomenological content of Adunni’s story – of teenage and early adult years, largely lived in the late colonial period. Adunni’s personal experiences speak to those of other living (though few) individuals whose status as living archives often enriches scholarly interrogations but who are regarded as sources of history rather than history itself. This article presents Adunni as a telling example of this neglected aspect of colonial Lagos history.
On the computation of Hopf 2-cocycles with an example of diagonal type
Authors: García Iglesias Agustín , Sánchez José Ignacio
Published: June 2022

We present a framework for the computation of the Hopf 2-cocycles involved in the deformations of Nichols algebras over semisimple Hopf algebras. We write down a recurrence formula and investigate the extent of the connection with invariant Hochschild cohomology in terms of exponentials. As an example, we present detailed computations leading to the explicit description of the Hopf 2-cocycles involved in the deformations of a Nichols algebra of Cartan type
$A_2$
with
$q=-1$
, a.k.a. the positive part of the small quantum group
$\mathfrak{u}^+_{\sqrt{-\text{1}}}(\mathfrak{sl}_3)$
. We show that these cocycles are generically pure, that is they are not cohomologous to exponentials of Hochschild 2-cocycles.
Impacts of alien polychaete species in marine ecosystems: a systematic review
Authors: Alvarez-Aguilar A. , Van Rensburg H. , Simon C.A.
Published: June 2022

This systematic review analysed scientific publications to identify relevant research about the impact of alien polychaete species around the world, using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) guide. The criterion for inclusion was studies published in English, with the key terms (e.g. ‘impact’, ‘alien species’, ‘polychaetes’) in the title, abstract and keywords. The literature search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science from April to December 2020. The search resulted in 150 papers that included information about impact of alien polychaete species. Of these studies, 98% were published in the last 25 years, reporting on the impact of 40 species in 18 regions of the world. Sixty-one per cent of the research was conducted in the Baltic Sea, South-west Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. The most frequent type of study was field surveys (46%) and the most studied system was open coast areas (36%). The species with the highest number of publications about their impacts were Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Marenzelleria viridis, Sabella spallanzanii and Boccardia proboscidea. Based on evidence of their most severe documented impacts in their introduced ranges, the impact mechanisms (IMos) of the alien polychaete species were strongly related to their biology and lifestyles. We found that species that build conspicuous reefs and tube-dwellers mainly showed physical and structural impact on ecosystems; shell-borers, mainly parasitism and infauna species, showed mainly chemical, physical and structural impacts on ecosystems. Some recommendations for the study of alien polychaete species are discussed.
Are Factors Associated with Adult Refugees’ Settlement different from Well-Being? A Longitudinal Study focusing on Gender and Age in Australia
Authors: MAHADEVAN RENUKA , JAYASINGHE MANEKA
Published: June 2022

Using three waves of data and tracing the same refugees over time, this paper shows that some factors associated with settlement experience are different from life satisfaction. Evidence shows that although settlement experience has not improved over time, life satisfaction of both male and female refugees has. The non-linear effect of age on life satisfaction disappears over time while that of settlement experience lingers on. Discrimination affects both male and female life satisfaction but is only a concern for females and the younger cohort’s settlement experience. Psychological capital did not appear to moderate the discrimination effect, but this needs to be robustly examined further. Lastly, different support for refugees over time and a targeted focus on some groups is likely to be more effective than a blanket support policy.
Martin East's essential bookshelf: Task-based language teaching
Authors: East Martin
Published: June 2022

Martin East is Professor of Language Education in the School of Cultures, Languages and Linguistics, the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Prior to this, he spent ten years as a language teacher educator in the University's Faculty of Education and Social Work. He has also taught languages at a broad range of proficiency levels and in a variety of contexts, including leading a school languages department in the UK. His numerous publications in the field of language education include two books dedicated to the phenomenon of TBLT: Task-based language teaching from the teachers’ perspective (John Benjamins, 2012) and Foundational principles of task-based language teaching (Routledge, 2021).
Intraoperative epicardial echocardiography or transoesophageal echocardiography in CHD: how much does it matter?
Authors: Stauffer Katie J. , Brabender Jerrid , Reddy Charitha D. , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda , Lopez Leo , Maeda Katsuhide , Navaratnam Manchula , Punn Rajesh
Published: June 2022

Background:

Intraoperative imaging determines the integrity of surgical repairs. Transoesophageal echocardiography represents standard care for intraoperative imaging in CHD. However, some conditions preclude its use, and epicardial echocardiography is used alternatively. Minimal literature exists on the impact of epicardial echocardiography versus transoesophageal echocardiography. We aimed to evaluate accuracy between the two modalities and hypothesised higher imaging error rates for epicardial echocardiography.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all epicardial echocardiograms performed over 16 years and compared them to an age- and procedure-matched, randomly selected transoesophageal echocardiography cohort. We detected un- or misidentified cardiac lesions during the intraoperative imaging and evaluated patient outcomes. Data are presented as a median with a range, or a number with percentages, with comparisons by Wilcoxon two-sample test and Fisher’s exact test.

Results:

Totally, 413 patients comprised the epicardial echocardiography group with 295 transoesophageal echocardiography matches. Rates of imaging discrepancies, re-operation, and incision infection were similar. About 13% of epicardial echocardiography patients had imaging discrepancies versus 16% for transoesophageal (p = 0.2352), the former also had smaller body sizes (p < 0.0001) and more genetic abnormalities (33% versus 19%, p < 0.0001). Death/mechanical support occurred more frequently in epicardial echocardiography patients (16% versus 6%, p < 0.0001), while hospitalisations were longer (25 versus 19 days, p = 0.0003).

Conclusions:

Diagnostic accuracy was similar between patients undergoing epicardial echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography, while rates of death and mechanical support were increased in this inherently higher risk patient population. Epicardial echocardiography provides a reasonable alternative when transoesophageal echocardiography is not feasible.
Why non-native speakers sometimes outperform native speakers in agreement processing
Authors: Lee Eun-Kyoung Rosa , Phillips Colin
Published: June 2022

It is well-known that native English speakers sometimes erroneously accept subject-verb agreement violations when there is a number-matching attractor (e.g., *The key to the cabinets were…). Whether bilinguals whose L1 lacks number agreement are prone to such interference is unclear, given previous studies that report conflicting findings using different structures, participant groups, and experimental designs. To resolve the conflict, we examined highly proficient Korean–English bilinguals’ susceptibility to agreement attraction, comparing prepositional phrase (PP) and relative clause (RC) modifiers in a speeded acceptability judgment task and a speeded forced-choice comprehension task. The bilinguals’ judgments revealed attraction with RCs but not with PPs, while reaction times indicated attraction with both structures. The results therefore showed L2 attraction in all measures, with the consistent exception of judgments for PPs. We argue that this supports an overall native-like agreement processing mechanism, augmented by an additional monitoring mechanism that filters explicit judgments in simple structures.
Fast Noninvasive Morphometric Characterization of Free Human Sperms Using Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Guole , Shi Hao , Zhang Huan , Zhou Yating , Sun Yujiao , Li Wei , Huang Xuefeng , Jiang Yuqiang , Fang Yaliang , Yang Ge
Published: June 2022

The selection of high-quality sperms is critical to intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which accounts for 70–80% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments. So far, sperm screening is usually performed manually by clinicians. However, the performance of manual screening is limited in its objectivity, consistency, and efficiency. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a fast and noninvasive three-stage method to characterize morphology of freely swimming human sperms in bright-field microscopy images using deep learning models. Specifically, we use an object detection model to identify sperm heads, a classification model to select in-focus images, and a segmentation model to extract geometry of sperm heads and vacuoles. The models achieve an F1-score of 0.951 in sperm head detection, a z-position estimation error within ±1.5 μm in in-focus image selection, and a Dice score of 0.948 in sperm head segmentation, respectively. Customized lightweight architectures are used for the models to achieve real-time analysis of 200 frames per second. Comprehensive morphological parameters are calculated from sperm head geometry extracted by image segmentation. Overall, our method provides a reliable and efficient tool to assist clinicians in selecting high-quality sperms for successful IVF. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of deep learning in real-time analysis of live bright-field microscopy images.
Balanced quasi-elliptic-type dual-passband filters using planar transversal coupled-line sections and their digital modeling
Authors: Yang Li , Malki Mohamed , Muñoz-Ferreras José-María , Gómez-García Roberto
Published: June 2022

A class of balanced dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) with planar transversal-signal-interference coupled-line sections is reported. In their building balanced dual-band BPF stage under differential-mode excitation, a second-order quasi-elliptic-type dual-band bandpass filtering transfer function is obtained. Specifically, from the transversal interaction among their two open-ended and virtually-short-ended half-wavelength coupled-line paths, sharp-rejection differential-mode dual passbands with several out-of-band transmission zeros at both sides are realized. To attain high common-mode suppression levels within the differential-mode passbands, two open-ended line segments are connected at the symmetry plane of the devised balanced dual-band BPF stage. Moreover, higher-order schemes based on in-series-cascaded multi-stage designs to further increase differential-mode selectivity and in-band common-mode rejection are illustrated. The operational principles and parametric-analysis design rules of the engineered transversal-coupled-line-based balanced dual-band BPF approach are detailed. Additionally, for a rigorous interpretation of their zero/pole characteristics, a digital-modeling framework is applied to them to connect RF balanced filters with their discrete-time versions. For practical-validation purposes, a microstrip prototype of two-stage/fourth-order balanced dual-band BPF is built and tested. It exhibits measured differential-mode dual passbands with center frequencies of 1.464 GHz and 2.294 GHz, 3-dB fractional bandwidths of 8.74% and 9.68%, and in-band common-mode rejection levels above 23.16 dB and 31.36 dB, respectively.
The Approach of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to Submissions Involving Unresolved Disputes: Should It Be Modified?
Authors: TRAN Huu Duy Minh
Published: June 2022

Paragraph 5(a) of Annex I to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf has been invoked by states to block the Commission's consideration of several submissions made by coastal states. The paragraph introduces several new factors into the delineation process of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, which had not been envisaged by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. In addition, this has had significant consequences in respect of the completion of the delineation process, and thus the realization of one of the key objects and purposes of the Convention – that is, to create certainty about the extent of the continental shelf and the limits of the area. This article examines whether Paragraph 5(a) is in accordance with the Convention, and whether there is an alternative approach that may have a more limited impact on the delineation process.
The amino acid substitution Phe-255-Ile in thepsbAgene confers resistance to hexazinone in hair fescue (Festuca filiformis) plants from lowbush blueberry fields
Authors: Laforest Martin , Soufiane Brahim , Bisaillon Katherine , Bessette Marianne , Page Eric R. , White Scott N.
Published: June 2022

Cultivation of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAiton), an important crop in the eastern part of North America, is unique, as it is carried out over the course of two consecutive growing seasons. Pest management, particularly weed management, is impacted by this biennial cultural practice. The choice of methods to control weeds is narrow, and such a system relies heavily on herbicides for weed management. Availability of unique herbicide active ingredients for weed management is limited, and available herbicides are used repeatedly, so the risk of developing resistance is acute. Hair fescue (Festuca filiformisPourr.), a perennial grass weed, has evolved resistance to hexazinone, a photosystem II inhibitor frequently used in lowbush blueberry production. We show that substitution of phenylalanine to isoleucine at position 255 is responsible for a decreased sensitivity to hexazinone by a factor of 6.12. Early diagnosis of resistance based on the detection of the mutation will alert growers to use alternative control methods and thus help to increase the sustainability of the cropping system.
Low polyphenol intake among highly scholarity population: CUME cohort
Authors: Diniz Amanda Popolino , Bressan Josefina , de Deus Mendonça Raquel , Coletro Hillary Nascimento , Carraro Júlia Cristina Cardoso , Pimenta Adriano Marçal , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: June 2022

Abstract: In the absence of a recommendation for daily intake of phenolic compounds, to compare the intake of the main dietary polyphenols between populations is a really challenge. This study aimed to estimate the total dietary intake of polyphenols, classes and their food sources among Brazilian graduates and postgraduates. This was a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME project). Food consumption was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 144 food items. Polyphenol intake was estimated from the Phenol-Explorer and US Department of Agriculture database, and previous studies that evaluated the phenolic content of specific foods. A total of 4130 individuals of both sexes with a median age of 34 (18–86) years old were finally included. The median intake of total polyphenols adjusted for energy was 753.41 mg/day (interquartile range – IQR=461.80; p<0.001), and the most consumed classes were phenolic acids and flavonoids, with median intakes of 552.30 mg/d (IQR=429.78; p<0.001) and 154.70 mg/day (IQR=108.70; p<0.001), respectively. The main food sources of polyphenols were coffee, peanuts, beans, and fruits. A lower intake of total polyphenols and their classes was observed in a population with similar characteristics to those from developed countries. The results demonstrate the importance of disseminating nutritional information about foods, so that the consumption of natural foods is prioritized. New studies that evaluate the consumption of polyphenols and their impact on human health are recommended to establish a daily recommendation for the consumption of such compounds.
Verlauf von Schulabsentismus 1.5 bis 3 Jahre nach Erstvorstellung: Prädiktoren, psychosoziales Funktionsniveau und Inanspruchnahme von Hilfen
Authors: Knollmann Martin , Waltz Emilia , Reissner Volker , Neumann Ursula , Hebebrand Johannes
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Wie ist der Verlauf bei schulvermeidenden Patient_innen hinsichtlich Symptomatik, Schulbesuch, Funktionsniveau und Inanspruchnahmeverhalten 1.5 bis 3 Jahre nach Erstvorstellung? Welche Variablen wirken sich auf ihn aus? Methodik: Von einer Inanspruchnahme-Stichprobe von 237 Schulvermeider_innen wurden 1.5 bis 3 Jahre nach Erstvorstellung 108 für ein Telefoninterview mit den Eltern erreicht. Es wurde die Elternversion des Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) durchgeführt und das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten sowie der aktuelle Schulbesuch erfragt. Als Prädiktoren wurden u. a. das Ausmaß der Schulvermeidung, die Diagnosen, die Art der Schulvermeidung (Schulverweigerer_innen vs. Schulschwänzer_innen vs. gemischte Gruppe) sowie die Skalen des Inventars Schulvermeidendes Verhalten (ISV) analysiert. Ergebnisse: Es wurde eine hohe Inanspruchnahme sowohl kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer als auch von Jugendhilfemaßnahmen gefunden, bei 40.7 % kam es zu wiederholten teil- oder vollstationären Behandlungen. Beim Follow-up wurde der SDQ-Gesamtwert bei 46.3 % als grenzwertig oder auffällig angegeben, wobei emotionale Probleme und Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen dominierten. Das Funktionsniveau, insbesondere der Schulbesuch, wurde bei ca. einem Drittel als problematisch eingeschätzt. Die ISV-Skalen Aggression, Probleme mit Peers und Probleme mit Lehrer_innen sowie die Diagnose einer Störung des Sozialverhaltens waren mit Schwierigkeiten beim Schulbesuch oder erhöhten Fehlzeiten beim Follow-up assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse betonen die Bedeutung externalisierender Symptome und einhergehender sozialer Belastungen für einen negativen Verlauf von Schulabsentismus. Implikationen für prospektive Verlaufsstudien werden diskutiert.
The Correspondence Between Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents: Insights From New Zealand
Authors: Smith A. W. , Rodger C. J. , Mac Manus D. H. , Forsyth C. , Rae I. J. , Freeman M. P. , Clilverd M. A. , Petersen T. , Dalzell M.
Published: June 2022

Variability of the geomagnetic field induces anomalous Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in grounded conducting infrastructure. GICs represent a serious space weather hazard but are not often measured directly and the rate of change of the magnetic field is often used as a proxy. We assess the correlation between the rate of change of the magnetic field and GICs during Sudden Commencements (SCs) at a location in New Zealand. We observe excellent correlations (r2 ∼0.9) between the maximum 1‐min rate of change of the field and maximum GIC. Nonetheless, though SCs represent a relatively simple geomagnetic signature, we find that the correspondence systematically depends on several factors. If the SC occurs when New Zealand is on the dayside of the Earth, then the magnetic changes are linked to 30% greater GICs than if New Zealand is on the nightside. We investigate the finding that the orientation of the strongest magnetic deflection is important: changes predominantly in the east‐west direction drive 36% stronger GICs. Dayside SCs are also associated with faster maximum rates of change of the field at a resolution of 1 s. Therefore, while the maximum rates of change of the magnetic field and GICs are well correlated, the orientation and sub‐1‐min resolution details of the field change are important to consider when estimating the associated currents. Finally, if the SC is later followed by a geomagnetic storm, then a given rate of change of the magnetic field is associated with 22% larger GICs, compared to if the SC is isolated.
Despite Improvements, China’s Air Remains Unsafe
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: June 2022

Toxic particulate matter has decreased by about a third over the past decade, but levels are still above what’s considered healthy.
Synchronous Retreat of Southeast Greenland's Peripheral Glaciers
Authors: Liu Julia , Enderlin Ellyn , Marshall Hans‐Peter , Khalil Andre
Published: June 2022

Recently, scientific attention has focused on estimating Greenland's dynamic mass loss through changes to flow speeds, thickness, and length on its marine outlet glaciers. For the ice sheet outlet glaciers, dynamic mass loss has been found to be highly sensitive to changes in climate and individual glacier geometry. For the ice‐sheet‐independent marine glaciers around Greenland's periphery, dynamic mass loss is presently overlooked. Here, we apply an open‐source, automated method of measuring glacier length changes using satellite imagery, to produce highly detailed records of length changes for 135 peripheral marine glaciers in southeast Greenland. We find evidence for anomalous retreat across 56 glaciers coincident with elevated surface melt in 2016, with melt 22% above the 2013–2019 average. Our detailed observations resolve the widespread, rapid, and synchronous response of these independent marine glaciers to increased meltwater input in 2016, indicating that their dynamics may be more sensitive to atmospheric warming than currently thought.
Wavefield Migration Imaging of Moho Geometry and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath Southern New England
Authors: Luo Yantao , Long Maureen D. , Rondenay Stéphane , Karabinos Paul , Kuiper Yvette D.
Published: June 2022

The crust and upper mantle beneath the New England Appalachians exhibit a large offset of the Moho across the boundary between Laurentia and accreted terranes and several dipping discontinuities, which reflect Paleozoic or younger tectonic movements. We apply scattered wavefield migration to the SEISConn array deployed across northern Connecticut and obtain insights not previously available from receiver function studies. We resolve a doubled Moho at a previously imaged Moho offset, which may reflect westward thrusting of rifted Grenville crust. The migration image suggests laterally variable velocity contrasts across the Moho, perhaps reflecting mafic underplating during continental rifting. A west‐dipping feature in the lithospheric mantle is further constrained to have a slab‐like geometry, representing a relict slab subducted during an Appalachian orogenic event. Localized low seismic velocities in the upper mantle beneath the eastern portion of the array may indicate that the Northern Appalachian Anomaly extends relatively far to the south.
Experimental Evidence Supporting an Overturned Iron‐Titanium‐Rich Melt Layer in the Deep Lunar Interior
Authors: Xu Man , Jing Zhicheng , Van Orman James A. , Yu Tony , Wang Yanbin
Published: June 2022

Dense Fe‐Ti‐rich cumulates, formed as the last dregs of the lunar magma ocean, are thought to have driven a large‐scale overturn of the lunar mantle over 4 Ga ago. Analysis of lunar seismic data has implied that some of the overturned bodies may have reached the lunar core‐mantle boundary and remained there until the present day as a partially molten layer. However, whether such a molten layer could be stable during >4 Ga of post‐magma‐ocean lunar history and explain lunar seismic observations remains poorly constrained. Here, we report the first sound velocity measurements on a Fe‐Ti‐rich lunar melt up to conditions of the lowermost lunar mantle. Our results suggest that a partial melt layer with at least 20% overturned Fe‐Ti‐rich melt can be trapped atop the lunar core‐mantle boundary until the present day, strongly influencing the thermochemical evolution of the lunar interior.
Impacts of Emergent Vegetation on Hyporheic Exchange
Authors: Huang S. , Yang J. Q.
Published: June 2022

Hyporheic exchange, or the exchange of water and solutes between surface and subsurface water at the sediment‐water interface, regulates water quality and biogeochemical cycle in aquatic ecosystems. Vegetation, which is ubiquitous in nature, is known to impact hyporheic exchange; yet how vegetation impacts hyporheic exchange remains to be characterized. Here, we show that at the same spatially and temporally‐averaged flow velocity , vegetation increases the rate of hyporheic exchange by a factor of four. By tracking the movement of fluorescent dye in a flume with the refractive‐index‐matched sediment and translucent vegetation dowels, we demonstrate that the vegetation‐induced hyporheic exchange can be characterized by an effective hyporheic exchange velocity, . We further demonstrate that correlates with the total near‐bed turbulent kinetic energy rather than , when , indicating that turbulent kinetic energy is a better metric than flow velocity for predicting hyporheic exchange in regions with vegetation.
Tropical Oceanic Influences on Observed Global Tropical Cyclone Frequency
Authors: Patricola Christina M. , Cassidy Daniel J. , Klotzbach Philip J.
Published: June 2022

The global tropical cyclone (TC) number has historically been relatively constant from year‐to‐year, however, the reason remains unknown. Furthermore, climate projections are inconclusive regarding future global TC frequency changes. Here, we investigated years in which observed global TC activity deviated from the mean and potential links to ocean drivers from 1980 to 2021. We found that the annual global number of named storm days and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) were significantly linked with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM). La Niña and positive AMM are associated with the bottom percentiles of both TC metrics, and vice versa for El Niño and negative AMM. The ENSO Longitude Index explains variability in annual global named storm days and ACE as well as the Niño 3.4 index. This research reveals that reliable future projections of ENSO are necessary, but not sufficient, to understand future changes in global TC frequency.
North‐South Differences in Under‐Ice Primary Production in the Chukchi Sea From 1988 to 2018
Authors: Payne C. M. , van Dijken G. L. , Arrigo K. R.
Published: June 2022

As Arctic sea ice has thinned and begun to retreat earlier in the year, there have been substantial changes in the timing and magnitude of regional net primary production (NPP). Most notably, field, remote sensing, and model‐based studies have demonstrated that massive under‐ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs) contribute substantially to annual NPP and can even drive increases in sedimentary nitrogen recycling and loss through coupled partial nitrification‐denitrification. In this study, we used a 1‐D biogeochemical model (CAOS‐GO) to compare the magnitude of NPP associated with UIBs in the northern and southern Chukchi Sea between 1988 and 2018. While UIBs were critical in driving interannual variation and secular increases in annual NPP and sedimentary nitrification and denitrification in the northern Chukchi Sea, UIBs were far less important at our southern site. As the length of the under‐ice (UI) period diminished between 1988 and 2018 in the southern Chukchi Sea, there was a decrease in the amount of NPP produced during the UI period. Despite higher rates of both annual NPP and denitrification at the southern site, there were no secular trends in these rates over time. Our results indicate that, as sea ice continues to retreat earlier, the impact of UIBs on the biogeochemistry of the Chukchi Sea is likely to diminish.
An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Smirnov Artem , Shprits Yuri Y. , Allison Hayley , Aseev Nikita , Drozdov Alexander , Kollmann Peter , Wang Dedong , Saikin Anthony
Published: June 2022

In this study, we present an empirical model of the equatorial electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the outer radiation belt based on the full data set collected by the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument onboard the Van Allen Probes in 2012–2019. The PADs are fitted with a combination of the first, third and fifth sine harmonics. The resulting equation resolves all PAD types found in the outer radiation belt (pancake, flat‐top, butterfly and cap PADs) and can be analytically integrated to derive omnidirectional flux. We introduce a two‐step modeling procedure that for the first time ensures a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time and activity, parametrized by the solar wind dynamic pressure. We propose two methods to reconstruct equatorial electron flux using the model. The first approach requires two uni‐directional flux observations and is applicable to low‐PA data. The second method can be used to reconstruct the full equatorial PADs from a single uni‐ or omnidirectional measurement at off‐equatorial latitudes. The model can be used for converting the long‐term data sets of electron fluxes to phase space density in terms of adiabatic invariants, for physics‐based modeling in the form of boundary conditions, and for data assimilation purposes.
CB1R-stabilized NLRP3 inflammasome drives antipsychotics cardiotoxicity
Authors: Li Liliang , Gao Pan , Tang Xinru , Liu Zheng , Cao Mengying , Luo Ruoyu , Li Xiaoqing , Wang Jing , Lin Xinyi , Peng Chao , Li Zhihong , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Xian , Cao Zhonglian , Zou Yunzeng , Jin Li
Published: June 2022

Long-term use of antipsychotics is a common cause of myocardial injury and even sudden cardiac deaths that often lead to drug withdrawn or discontinuation. Mechanisms underlying antipsychotics cardiotoxicity remain largely unknown. Herein we performed RNA sequencing and found that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis contributed predominantly to multiple antipsychotics cardiotoxicity. Pyroptosis-based small-molecule compound screen identified cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) as an upstream regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Mechanistically, antipsychotics competitively bond to the CB1R and led to CB1R translocation to the cytoplasm, where CB1R directly interacted with NLRP3 inflammasome via amino acid residues 177–209, rendering stabilization of the inflammasome. Knockout of Cb1r significantly alleviated antipsychotic-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and cardiotoxicity. Multi-organ-based investigation revealed no additional toxicity of newer CB1R antagonists. In authentic human cases, the expression of CB1R and NLRP3 inflammasome positively correlated with antipsychotics-induced cardiotoxicity. These results suggest that CB1R is a potent regulator of the NLRP3 inflammsome-mediated pyroptosis and small-molecule inhibitors targeting the CB1R/NLRP3 signaling represent attractive approaches to rescue cardiac side effects of antipsychotics.