bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Apprecitive Inquiry di DMU Universitas XYZ
Authors: Azaria Sally
Published: January 2017

Merupakan sebuah keniscayaan apabila setiap organisasi, termasuk organisasi pendidikan mencanangkan dan mengalami perubahan. Visi yang dimiliki oleh suatu organisasi adalah acuan arah dari perubahan yang diinginkan. Setiap bagian di dalam organisasi seharusnya bergerak ke arah visi dari organisasi tersebut. Penelitian ini diadakan di Departemen Matakuliah Umum (DMU) Universitas XYZ. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk melakukan perubahan untuk meningkatan kualitas belajar mengajar, secara khusus menyusun standar materi kuliah DMU di Universitas XYZ. Penelitian ini akan difokuskan untuk memberikan peningkatan kapasitas DMU untuk melakukan perubahan dengan menemukan inti perubahan menggunakan metode Appreciative Inquiry (AI) dan melakukan perubahan dengan menggunakan dasar beberapa langkah perubahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Visi perubahan dalam penelitian ini diterjemahkan dalam suatu rencana kerja jangka panjang. Rencana kerja yang diambil setelah menjalani semua proses penelitian ini adalah: materi perkuliahan, perilaku dosen, dan manajemen DMU.
Pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol: resultados iniciales de un registro multicéntrico en la Red de Trastornos Adictivos-RTA. Estudio CohRTA
Authors: Sanvisens Arantza , Zuluaga Paola , Rivas Inmaculada , Rubio Gabriel , Gual Antoni , Torrens Marta , Short Antoni , Álvarez Francisco Javier , Tor Jordi , Farré Magí , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Muga Roberto
Published: January 2017

El Programa Alcohol de la Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA) requiere de un estudio clínico longitudinal para dar respuesta a preguntas de investigación en el trastorno por uso de alcohol. El proyecto CohRTA es un estudio multicéntrico de investigación cooperativa que se pone en marcha para mejorar la prevención secundaria y el diagnóstico precoz de los procesos patológicos asociados al trastorno por uso de alcohol.
Método: estudio observacional en cohorte multicéntrica de pacientes mayores de 18 años que solicitan tratamiento del trastorno por primera vez y autorizan su participación. La información clínica se recoge en una plataforma online diseñada para el estudio y puede ir acompañada de una muestra biológica que se deposita en un biobanco. Se recogen datos basales y prospectivos, sociodemográficos, epidemiológicos, clínicos y de tratamiento. A diciembre de 2015 son 10 los centros proveedores de pacientes y se espera reclutar más de 1.000 pacientes en los próximos años.
Resultados: se dispone de 344 pacientes (77% hombres) que cumplen los criterios de inclusión en el estudio y con una edad de 50 años (RIQ: 43-55 años). La edad de inicio de consumo de alcohol fue de 15 años (RIQ: 14-18 años) y un 61% tenían antecedente familiar de trastorno por uso de alcohol. Durante los 30 días previos al inicio del tratamiento los pacientes bebían 12.5 UBE/día (RIQ: 7.1-20 UBE/día), el 72% fumaba tabaco y el 30% consumía cocaína.
Conclusiones: Disponer de una cohorte abierta y multicéntrica de pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol será útil para analizar las consecuencias del abuso de alcohol, potenciar la investigación traslacional y añadir valor a la investigación clínica y básica del Programa Alcohol dentro de RTA/RETICS. Con una cohorte bien establecida y representativa se espera aumentar la cantidad y calidad científica en relación a las complicaciones del trastorno por uso de alcohol y sus consecuencias clínicas y sociales en España.
Constitutional Interpretation and Foreign Law: A Comparative Analysis between the U.S. Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court
Authors: Arshakyan Mher , Paffarini Jacopo , Staffen Márcio Ricardo
Published: January 2017

The central purpose of this paper is to show that there are no major differences in the methods of constitutional interpretation in countries with varying degree of judicial review. Despite the fact that legal culture and traditions, underlying political theories, and values all affect methods of interpretation, there is no big gap in constitutional interpretation in practice in view of wide interpretive discretion. Obviously all legal systems require compliance with some fundamental interpretive standards irrespective of the legal system, and in a democratic society judicial decisions should be justified at least to avoid arbitrariness. The question is what are the limits beyond which judges cannot go in constitutional democracies? Can the foreign law be a parameter for judicial review of legislation? Hence, the style and method of legal argumentation that are used to justify the decision may differ in the countries belonging to different legal systems. Whether there are significant differences between the common law and civil law constitutional interpretation will be assessed through the comparative analysis of the United States Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court.
O financiamento da saúde na Constituição de 1988: um estudo em busca da efetividade do direito fundamental por meio da equalização federativa do dever do seu custeio mínimo
Authors: Pinto Élida Graziane , Bahia Alexandre Melo Franco de Moraes , Santos Lenir
Published: January 2017

O texto busca mostrar, a partir da legislação, jurisprudência e dados obtidos de outras pesquisas empíricas, que boa parte dos problemas de financiamento da saúde por Estados e, principalmente, pelos Municípios brasileiros se dá por um sistema federativo constitucional que diminui a contribuição da União – proporcionalmente aos demais. Ainda, que a Constituição vem sofrendo reformas que estão piorando o equilíbrio financeiro de Estados e Municípios através da diminuição proporcional de participação da União justamente em um momento no qual aqueles estão sendo demandados em juízo e vêm somando decisões ordenando a compra de medicamentos e a realização de procedimentos médicos – mesmo quando a responsabilidade legal não é deles. Propõe-se que uma solução provisória ao problema seria Estados e Municípios, ao serem demandados em juízo, se valerem de disposições constitucionais que permitem o ressarcimento junto à União dos gastos que lhes foram impostos de forma a se reequilibrar o pacto federativo.
Towards sustained sanitation services: a review of existing frameworks and an alternative framework combining ecological and sanitation life stage approaches
Authors: Dwipayanti Ni Made Utami , Phung Tri Dung , Rutherford Shannon , Chu Cordia
Published: January 2017

Despite increased promotion, sanitation programmes have varying degrees of success partly because of limited consideration of the wider context beyond individual factors in programme design. Although a recent model, Integrated Behaviour Model for Water Sanitation and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) comprehensively addresses this gap, the model focuses on the initial adoption factors and lacks emphasis on the functioning of the entire sanitation system from toilet usage to the safe disposal of the waste. Hence application of the model is limited, to some degree, in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for sanitation which have broadened the scope for sustainable sanitation service. Based on a review of available frameworks, this paper proposes an alternative comprehensive framework using an ecological public health approach to health determinants but does so through application across the spectrum of sanitation stages. A systematic literature review on sanitation adoption factors and comparative analysis of the proposed framework and the IBM-WASH framework was conducted to analyse the benefits of the framework. The findings show that different factors operate differently for each sanitation service stage, requiring a different set of actions for each stage. Our alternative framework can better address factors across sanitation stages and encourage collaboration among stakeholders with different disciplinary backgrounds.
Espaços públicos e infâncias urbanas: a construção de uma cidadania contemporânea
Authors: Dias Marina Simone , Ferreira Bruna Ramos
Published: January 2017

Este artigo discute o lugar da criança nos espaços urbanos e sua relação com a sociedade contemporânea, tendo como fundamento a ideia de que a cidadania é estruturada a partir da experiência, da apropriação e da identificação dos sujeitos com a cidade. Busca-se dar voz a atores sociais excluídos dos processos de mobilização social. Pela análise da dinâmica socioespacial brasileira, observa-se que as cidades são planificadas sem considerar os desejos e as necessidades das crianças, normalmente confinadas em espaços privados e especializados, o que reforça sua marginalização e segregação social. Fundamentado na participação das crianças em uma coletividade, o artigo evidencia que a apropriação dos espaços urbanos pela infância pode contribuir tanto para a reelaboração da noção de cidade como espaço comum, igualitário e compartilhado, quanto para a construção e a vivência da cidadania na infância.
Mobilidade urbana e direito à cidade: uma entrevista com Lúcio Gregori sobre transporte coletivo e Tarifa Zero
Authors: Fix Mariana , Ribeiro Giovani Espíndola , Prado André Doca
Published: January 2017

Resumo: Neste artigo, apresentamos e discutimos uma entrevista realizada, em 2015, com Lúcio Gregori, proponente da Tarifa Zero em São Paulo. Buscamos compreender o surgimento da proposta, nos anos 1990, e seus desdobramentos. Para tanto, são analisadas algumas das manifestações de apoio e resistência à aprovação da proposta, assim como sua formulação técnica, os jogos de interesses nela envolvidos e as modalidades de financiamento que a viabilizariam. São examinadas, igualmente, as características do “negócio” do transporte e das empresas que atuam em tal setor. Situamos a proposta da Tarifa Zero no debate sobre mobilidade urbana, relacionando-a com a luta pelo Direito à Cidade. Além disso, discutimos a hegemonia do transporte individual privado e algumas de suas consequências.Palavras-chave: mobilidade urbana; tarifa zero; direito à cidade; ônibus; transporte coletivo. Urban mobility and the right to the city: an interview with Lucio Gregori on (free) public transportAbstract: In this article, we present and discuss an interview with Lúcio Gregori, in 2015, the proposer of the Tarifa Zero (Zero-Fare Public Transit) Bill. We seek to understand the emergence of the proposal, in the 1990s, and its consequences. Therefore, we discuss some of the expressions of support and resistance to the adoption of the proposal, as well as its technical formulation, the power games involved, and the financing arrangements that would allow it. The characteristics of the “business” of transport and of the companies operating in this sector are also examined. We situate the proposal of Zero-Fare in the debate on urban mobility, linking it to the struggle for the right to the city. In addition, we discuss the hegemony of private individual transport and some of its consequences.Keywords: urban mobility; Zero-Fare; right to the city; bus; public transport.
Intervenções urbanas em áreas em transformação de cidades da América Latina
Authors: Royer Luciana De Oliveira
Published: January 2017

Intervenções urbanas em áreas em transformação de cidades da América LatinaEduardo Alberto Cusce Nobre e Jorge Bassani (Org.)São Paulo: FAU USP, 2015.
Problemas de saúde autorreferidos pelas famílias assistidas pelo Núcleo de Apoio de Saúde da Família
Authors: Ferraz Lucimare , Rebelatto Shayane Luiza , Schneider Greice Cristine , Teo Carla Rosane Paz Arruda , Busato Maria Assunta
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer os problemas de saúde autorreferidos pelas famílias assistidas pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde Família. Método: Estudo descritivo-transversal, realizado num município polo econômico e de referência na área da saúde no Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Foram entrevistadas 1.023 famílias, selecionadas de forma sistemática, por meio de um questionário estruturado. Os dados tiveram análise por técnica descritiva. Resultados: Na análise dos dados obteve-se que 62% das famílias classificam sua saúde como boa. Verificou-se que em 56,5% delas têm algum familiar com problema de saúde, como dor na coluna (47,6%), hipertensão (42,9%), artrite e reumatismo (28,6%). Conclusão: O estudo mostra que as principais doenças que acometem as famílias são crônicas e não transmissíveis e que na autoavaliação as famílias, mesmo tendo algum de seus membros em estado mórbido, classificam a saúde familiar como boa.
A interconsulta favorece resolutividade na Atenção Primária: relato de caso da equipe de apoio à Estratégia de Saúde da Família em Paranaguá (pr)
Authors: Mélo Tainá Ribas , Lucchesi Vanessa De Oliveira , Lima Silmara De Souza , Signorelli Marcos Claudio
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a resolutividade e repercussões da estratégia de interconsultas, promovida por meio da inserção de profissionais de fonoaudiologia, psicologia, fisioterapia e nutrição (equipe de apoio) em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) de Paranaguá. Trata-se de projeto piloto na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), que combinou de modo exploratório metodologias quali e quantitativas, a fim de subsidiar a futura implantação dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF). A proposta foi organizada em etapas: 1) familiarização da equipe com a UBS; 2) integração dialógica entre distintas especialidades e profissões (reuniões em equipe); 3) suporte técnico especializado ofertado à equipe (qualificação de ações); 4) proposição de práticas de interconsultas (ação colaborativa de profissionais de diferentes áreas). Os dados dos usuários atendidos por meio da interconsulta foram tabulados pelas seguintes variáveis: encaminhamento; resolução na atenção primária; encaminhamento para atenção secundária; local de encaminhamento; principais ações. Foram avaliadas/triadas pessoas com idade média de 18,43±20,83 de ambos os gêneros, de novembro de 2015 a julho de 2016. Verificou-se que a prática de interconsulta propiciou resolutividade em 56,5% dos casos, assim como facilitou a prática de encaminhamentos e acompanhamento evolutivo dos casos. A maior parte dos encaminhamentos constavam em casos com necessidade de especialistas. Conclui-se que ações de intervenção em APS são favorecidas pela interconsulta e possibilitam resolutividade em casos que, sem a presença dos profissionais da rede de apoio seriam encaminhados diretamente à atenção secundária.
Planejamento Estratégico Situacional para a melhoria da Central de Abastecimento Farmacêutico do Hospital Público de Doenças Infectocontagiosas (Natal/RN)
Authors: Braz João Paulo Araújo , Braz Janine Karla França da Silva , Silveira Walteçá Louis Lima da
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Construir um Plano Operativo para a Central de abastecimento Farmacêutico do hospital público de doenças infectocontagiosas, Natal/RN. Métodos: Para isso foram realizadas cinco oficinas com sete participantes para elaborar o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, que foi dividido em quatro momentos: Explicativo, Normativo, Estratégico e Tático-Operacional. Resultados: O problema priorizado e a precariedade nas condições de transporte e armazenamento na Farmácia/CAF do hospital foram determinados, obtendo um plano operativo com matrizes de explicação e execução de ações e operações para solução do problema citado através de medidas de sensibilização dos gestores, para aquisição de equipamentos e mobiliários que garantam melhor aproveitamento funcional da CAF. Conclusão: Dessa forma, é notória a melhoria na redução dos conflitos interpessoais, na definição dos processos de trabalho, nos riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores, na organização do setor e no controle de estoque. Além disso, a criação e implantação de um banco de dados para controle de movimentações melhorou a execução do planejamento da Assistência Farmacêutica no hospital. Logo, o plano operativo para a CAF foi elaborado com sucesso.
Alterações citopatológicas do colo uterino em mulheres atendidas na 8ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná no ano de 2014
Authors: Menetrier Jacqueline Vergutz , Boing Alana , Medeiros Kamila Aparecida
Published: January 2017

O câncer do colo uterino é um problema de saúde pública mundial, tornando-se a terceira neoplasia que mais acomete mulheres em todo o mundo. O exame citopatológico é utilizado para o rastreamento do câncer de colo do útero, permitindo detecção precoce das lesões precursoras da neoplasia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar alterações citopatológicas do colo uterino em mulheres atendidas na 8ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná no ano de 2014. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e documental, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados na 8ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná, através do Sistema de Informação do Câncer. No ano de 2014, 1.022 exames citopatológicos na rede pública de saúde apresentaram alguma alteração, assim, o índice de positividade do citopatológico do câncer do colo do útero foi de 3,7%. Em relação à idade das mulheres, observou-se maior frequência na faixa etária de 41 a 64 anos com 49,8%. A principal alteração encontrada foi a de Células atípicas escamosas de significado indeterminado possivelmente não neoplásicas e/ou Lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau, representando 81,1%. Demonstra-se a importância da realização do exame de rastreamento, tendo em vista o grande número de alterações de baixo grau encontrado, possibilitando o diagnóstico precoce e garantindo sucesso no tratamento, reduzindo os casos de morbimortalidade ocasionados por esse câncer.
Aplicação do Índice Menopausal de kupperman: um estudo transversal com mulheres climatéricas
Authors: Melo Celia Regina Maganha e , Reis Édina Silva dos , Silva Lucia Cristina Florentino Pereira da , Sola Evelyn Priscila Santinon , Chofakian Christiane Borges do Nascimento
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar os sintomas climatéricos em mulheres atendidas em Unidades Básicas da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, prospectivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados utilizando questionário estruturado com questões contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, reprodutivas e sexuais e o Índice Menopausal de Kupperman. Os resultados foram analisados pelo Teste de Associação pelo Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Das 80 mulheres entrevistadas, 50% tinham mais de 50 anos de idade; maioria parda; dez anos ou mais de estudo; ocupação remunerada; renda familiar entre um e dois salários mínimos e companheiro fixo. Dentre as variáveis estudadas, verificouse que a variável ciclo menstrual (p=0,010) foi significativa, apresentando associação com a presença de sintomas do climatério. Não houve associação significativa entre a presença dos sintomas do climatério e as variáveis de tabagismo, número de gestações, presença de relação sexual, exercícios físicos, IMC, idade na menopausa e idade na menarca. Conclusão: As manifestações sintomáticas do climatério estavam presentes, de forma leve, para a maioria das mulheres entrevistadas. Dada a relevância da sintomatologia, é importante que os profissionais da Atenção Primária conheçam os sintomas e repercussões na qualidade de vida das mulheres climatéricas. Além dos aspectos terapêuticos, a assistência deve contemplar a educação em saúde, com o intuito de propiciar conhecimento às mulheres sobre o funcionamento do seu corpo e as implicações dos processos fisiológicos em sua qualidade de vida. Dessa forma, conhecendo seu corpo e as interferências do meio ambiente sobre ele, essas mulheres terão melhores possibilidades de tomar decisões a respeito de sua saúde.
Os dilemas e desafios na Farmacovigilância dos medicamentos biológicos no Brasil
Authors: Garcia Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Com a chegada ao mercado, dos medicamentos biossimilares, existe uma grande expectativa de todos os setores do sistema de saúde para uma maior competitividade em termos de custos para os tratamentos de doenças crônicas e oncológicas que se beneficiam dessa classe de medicamentos. No entanto, do ponto de vista de impacto clínico, ainda restam muitas dúvidas que não necessariamente se relacionam com a eficácia dos medicamentos biossimilares, uma vez que fora demonstrada através dos estudos elaborados previamente à sua aprovação, mas principalmente em relação à segurança na utilização alternada entre medicamentos de referência e biossimilares, a intercambialidade. Não bastassem os desafios a que já é exposto o sistema de farmacovigilância, essa situação de intercambialidade entre medicamentos biológicos gera uma ainda maior necessidade de se criar eficientes mecanismos de rastreabilidade dessas proteínas não idênticas e sabidamente imunogênicas.
Marek’s disease in the holland white crested chickens
Authors: Spalevic Ljiljana , Maslic-Strizak Danka , Kureljusic Branislav , Milicevic Vesna , Radanovic Oliver , Jezdimirovic Nemanja
Published: January 2017

Marek?s disease is a viral lymphoproliferative disease of poultry
characterized by the creation of lymphoma in muscle, skin, eye or internal
organs. Virus maturing into infective forms in follicular epithelium from
where enters in the external environment where long time remains infectious.
Poultry are infected by dust and remains the holder of the virus throughout
their lives. The virus is transmitted vertically. The disease can occur in
three forms: nervous, visceral and skin. Affected poultry may have any shape
or combination of these. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of
the disorder the health status in the flock of holland white crested
chickens. Flock had 25 chickens whose ages ranged from 4-16 weeks.
Observation, we noticed that the chickens are cachectic, showing signs of
sporadic diarrhea and died 3 hens and 2 roosters. Pathoanatomical examination
is ascertained changes in certain internal organs. The liver was enlarged
with lymphoid proliferate on the surface and in the parenchyma, spleen
increased several times and marbled, glandular stomach (proventriculus)
dilated with petechial hemorrhages on mucose. Changed organs was examination
histopathological. In the liver were observed multifocal lymphoid
infiltration with subsequent atrophy of the parenchyma, in addition to spleen
lymphoid proliferation heterophyllus and histiocytic infiltrates, in
proventriculus lymphoblastic infiltration with congestion of capillaries and
small haemorrhages. In samples pathologically altered organs PCR method
proved the genome of Marek?s disease virus serotype 1 . Based on these
results we concluded that the livestock were sick from Marek?s disease, which
is expressed in visceral form.
Evaluation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission Decrease Through Waste Composting
Authors: Pitaratae Apinan , Pitaksanurat Somsak , Limsakul Atsamon
Published: January 2017

The organic waste disposal under anaerobic conditions emits Methane, which causes increased global warming. This study attempts to find the emission factor in windrow waste composting systems from two sizes of gathered organic waste piles. Designed to compare two groups of composting piles, one pile consisted of 500 kilograms of waste originating from local authorities while the other amounted to 250 kilograms of waste collected from households. With six piles of each type, aeration was done by manual turning and emissions were sampled in closed flux chambers and analyzed by gas chromatographs. A control experiment, modeling landfill sites, was set up in a one x one x one meter hole. Results from the experiment showed that emission ratios from the 500 kg was 1.3613 x 10-3 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste, and 1.3427 x 10-3 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste from the 250 kg experiment. The 500 kg experiment decreased emissions by 0.059185 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste and the 250 kg experiment, emissions decreased by 0.059206 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste when compared to the control group. In summary, pile size has no effect on emission ratios. Statistical testing found no significance difference between emissions from the 500 kg compared with the 250 kg. This study tells us that massive landfill or waste composting is difference effect.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2016, Page: 44-55
How to end mass imprisonment: The legal and cultural strategies of Bryan Stevenson
Authors: Kerr Lisa
Published: January 2017

Bryan Stevenson’s Just Mercy, which is part legal history and part memoir, arrives at a moment when the tides may be turning in US criminal justice. Stevenson is a singular catalyst in the emergence of a movement against mass imprisonment, and the topics he is focused on are central to the prospect of lasting systemic reform. In his work as litigator, professor, and public figure, Stevenson has helped to usher in a new common sense that far-reaching reforms to US criminal justice are both required and imminent. Stevenson’s work becomes all the more significant when we consider the scope of change that structural reform requires. He has helped to draw the US Supreme Court away from a stance of extreme deference to legislative judgment in non-capital sentencing review – a meaningful shift in the direction of legal limits on the politics of tough punishment. This review contextualizes the publication of Just Mercy as a component of Stevenson’s legal and cultural strategies aimed at consolidating the reform movement against US mass imprisonment.
Commodification and the allocation of care and responsibility for children
Authors: Wiegers Wanda
Published: January 2017

The author examines selected cases in three contexts that raise issues related to the commodification of child care and custodial authority. In traditional legal terms, the cases examined deal directly or indirectly with issues of standing and the best interests of children and, in the third context, with claims of discrimination. All three scenarios involve claims by persons who were neither birth nor adoptive parents of the children in question and thus cared for children outside the bounds of conventional family formations and traditional sources of parental authority. All three contexts raise questions regarding the implications of a cash nexus and contractual basis for the care of children. The author argues that the significance of commodification or a cash or contractual nexus must be assessed contextually and identifies specific factors within each context that should have a bearing on the legal implications of commodification. However, the contradictions for caregivers and risks of disrupted attachments for children can only be fully addressed by changing the background conditions of care.
Ten theses on dissent
Authors: Belleau Marie-Claire , Johnson Rebecca
Published: January 2017

Belleau and Johnson respond to the three articles in the Focus Feature. Agreeing with the general proposition that dissent matters, that it is valuable, and that it strengthens our system of law, they share ten theses on dissent. These theses touch on: dissent as a structural feature of our system; the linking of emotion and reason in the language of dissent; the articulation of tensions between principle and practice across different categories of dissent; the variable emergence of dissent across different legal topics; the need for attention to both heightened dissent and its absence; the impact of judicial identity on dissent; dissent as a (sometimes invisible) process rather than only a product; different currents with respect to dissenting practice at the trial, appellate, and Supreme Court levels; dissent as legal pedagogy; the role of the reader of dissent; and the place of dissent in nourishing the legal imaginary. In brief, they argue that lawyers, law professors, and the public more generally ought to attend to judicial dissent in order to engage with the ways that our system of justice operates, renews itself, and changes.
Early and late epilepsy surgery in focal epilepsies associated with long-term epilepsy-associated tumors
Authors: Pelliccia Veronica , Deleo Francesco , Gozzo Francesca , Sartori Ivana , Mai Roberto , Cossu Massimo , Tassi Laura
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Epilepsy surgery is an effective means of treating focal epilepsy associated with long-term epilepsy-associated tumors. This study evaluated a large population of surgically treated patients with childhood onset of epilepsy and a histologically confirmed diagnosis of long-term epilepsy-associated tumors. The authors analyzed long-term seizure outcomes to establish whether the time of surgery and patients' ages were determinant factors.

METHODS

The authors separately investigated several presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical variables in patients operated on before (pediatric group) and at or after (adult group) the age of 18 years. Patients with < 24 months of postsurgical follow-up were excluded from the analysis.

RESULTS

The patients who underwent surgery before 18 years of age showed better seizure outcomes than those after 18 years of age (80% vs 53.3% Engel Class Ia outcome, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the only variables significantly associated with seizure freedom were complete resection of the lesion, a shorter duration of epilepsy, and temporal lobe resection.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study indicate that pediatric patients are more responsive to epilepsy surgery and that a shorter duration of epilepsy, complete resection, and a temporal lobe localization are determinant factors for a positive seizure outcome.
Academic impact and rankings of neuroendovascular fellowship programs across the United States
Authors: Sonig Ashish , Shallwani Hussain , Levy Bennett R. , Shakir Hakeem J. , Siddiqui Adnan H.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Publication has become a major criterion of success in the competitive academic environment of neurosurgery. This is the first study that has used departmental h index–and e index–based matrices to assess the academic output of neuroendovascular, neurointerventional, and interventional radiology fellowship programs across the continental US.

METHODS

Fellowship program listings were identified from academic and organization websites. Details for 37 programs were available. Bibliometric data for these programs were gathered from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database. Citations for each publication from the fellowship's parent department were screened, and the h and e indices were calculated from non–open-surgical, central nervous system vascular publications. Variables including “high-productivity” centers, fellowship–comprehensive stroke center affiliation, fellowship accreditation status, neuroendovascular h index, e index (h index supplement), h10 index (publications during the last 10 years), and departmental faculty-based h indices were created and analyzed.

RESULTS

A positive correlation was seen between the neuroendovascular fellowship h index and corresponding h10 index (R = 0.885; p < 0.0001). The mean, median, and highest faculty-based h indices exhibited positive correlations with the neuroendovascular fellowship h index (R = 0.662, p < 0.0001; R = 0.617, p < 0.0001; and R = 0.649, p < 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference (p = 0.824) in the median values for the fellowship h index based on comprehensive stroke center affiliation (30 of 37 programs had such affiliations) or accreditation (18 of 37 programs had accreditation) (p = 0.223). Based on the quartile analysis of the fellowship h index, 10 of 37 departments had an neuroendovascular h index of ≥ 54 (“high-productivity” centers); these centers had significantly more faculty (p = 0.013) and a significantly higher mean faculty h index (p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The departmental h index and analysis of its publication topics can be used to calculate the h index of an associated subspecialty. The analysis was focused on the neuroendovascular specialty, and this methodology can be extended to other neurosurgical subspecialties. Individual faculty research interest is directly reflected in the research productivity of a department. High-productivity centers had significantly more faculty with significantly higher individual h indices. The current systems for neuroendovascular fellowship program accreditation do not have a meaningful impact on academic productivity.
TFP5, a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive Cdk5/p25, Attenuates Pathological Phenotypes and Restores Synaptic Function in CK-p25Tg Mice
Authors: Shukla Varsha , Seo Jinsoo , Binukumar B.K. , Amin Niranjana D. , Reddy Preethi , Grant Philip , Kuntz Susan , Kesavapany Sashi , Steiner Joseph , Mishra Santosh K. , Tsai Li-Huei , Pant Harish C.
Published: January 2017

It has been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), a critical neuronal kinase, is hyperactivated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may be, in part, responsible for the hallmark pathology of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It has been proposed by several laboratories that hyperactive cdk5 results from the overexpression of p25 (a truncated fragment of p35, the normal cdk5 regulator), which, when complexed to cdk5, induces hyperactivity, hyperphosphorylated tau/NFTs, amyloid-β plaques, and neuronal death. It has previously been shown that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of a modified truncated 24-aa peptide (TFP5), derived from the cdk5 activator p35, penetrated the blood-brain barrier and significantly rescued AD-like pathology in 5XFAD model mice. The principal pathology in the 5XFAD mutant, however, is extensive amyloid plaques; hence, as a proof of concept, we believe it is essential to demonstrate the peptide’s efficacy in a mouse model expressing high levels of p25, such as the inducible CK-p25Tg model mouse that overexpresses p25 in CamKII positive neurons. Using a modified TFP5 treatment, here we show that peptide i.p. injections in these mice decrease cdk5 hyperactivity, tau, neurofilament-M/H hyperphosphorylation, and restore synaptic function and behavior (i.e., spatial working memory, motor deficit using Rota-rod). It is noteworthy that TFP5 does not inhibit endogenous cdk5/p35 activity, nor other cdks in vivo suggesting it might have no toxic side effects, and may serve as an excellent therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders expressing abnormally high brain levels of p25 and hyperactive cdk5.
Thermal comparison of a CFD analysis and a lumped parameter model of an air-cooled induction machine for EVs
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Du Jingjuan , Gao Peng , Lv Haiying
Published: January 2017

Thermal analysis of Electric Machine for Electric Vehicles (EVs), is crucial for precisely predicting the temperature distribution. In the paper, for a forced-air cooled induction machine, two methods of thermal models analysis are compared with measurements. The first numerical method is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) over Finite Element Method (FEM). And the second one uses Lumped Parameter Method (LPM). For the analysis based on CFD over FEM, a 3D induction machine is modeled with force-air cooling housing. The air flow is simulated and the losses are calculated as heat source for thermal models. FEM is coupled with CFD to get the thermal field distribution. For the LPM, the equivalent thermal resistance of winding, the heat transfer coefficients of the airgap and forced air are calculated in the LP thermal model. Finally, Measurement results are determined by PT100 embedded in winding end, as well by infrared instrumentation for measuring the image on the shell thermal distribution. Experimental validation is presented and the conclusion can be drawn from comparing these aspects of two methods, providing some reference for the research applied in motor for EVs.
Water Tank Experiments on Stratified Flow over Double Mountain-Shaped Obstacles at High-Reynolds Number
Authors: Stiperski Ivana , Serafin Stefano , Paci Alexandre , Ágústsson Hálfdán , Belleudy Anne , Calmer Radiance , Horvath Kristian , Knigge Christoph , Sachsperger Johannes , Strauss Lukas , Grubišić Vanda
Published: January 2017

In this article, we present an overview of the HyIV-CNRS-SecORo (Hydralab IV-CNRS-Secondary Orography and Rotors Experiments) laboratory experiments carried out in the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) large stratified water flume. The experiments were designed to systematically study the influence of double obstacles on stably stratified flow. The experimental set-up consists of a two-layer flow in the water tank, with a lower neutral and an upper stable layer separated by a sharp density discontinuity. This type of layering over terrain is known to be conducive to a variety of possible responses in the atmosphere, from hydraulic jumps to lee waves and highly turbulent rotors. In each experiment, obstacles were towed through the tank at a constant speed. The towing speed and the size of the tank allowed high Reynolds-number flow similar to the atmosphere. Here, we present the experimental design, together with an overview of laboratory experiments conducted and their results. We develop a regime diagram for flow over single and double obstacles and examine the parameter space where the secondary obstacle has the largest influence on the flow. Trapped lee waves, rotors, hydraulic jumps, lee-wave interference and flushing of the valley atmosphere are successfully reproduced in the stratified water tank. Obstacle height and ridge separation distance are shown to control lee-wave interference. Results, however, differ partially from previous findings on the flow over double ridges reported in the literature due to the presence of nonlinearities and possible differences in the boundary layer structure. The secondary obstacle also influences the transition between different flow regimes and makes trapped lee waves possible for higher Froude numbers than expected for an isolated obstacle.
Potassium Disorder in the Defect Pyrochlore KSbTeO6: A Neutron Diffraction Study
Authors: Alonso José , Mayer Sergio , Falcón Horacio , Turrillas Xabier , Fernández-Díaz María
Published: January 2017

KSbTeO6 defect pyrochlore has been prepared from K2C2O4, Sb2O3, and 15% excess TeO2 by solid-state reaction at 850 °C. Direct methods implemented in the software EXPO2013 allowed establishing the basic structural framework. This was followed by a combined Rietveld refinement from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data, which unveiled additional structural features. KSbTeO6 is cubic, a = 10.1226(7) Å, space group F d 3 ¯ m , Z = 8 and it is made of a mainly covalent framework of corner-sharing (Sb,Te)O6 octahedra, with weakly bonded K+ ions located within large cages. The large K-O distances, 3.05(3)–3.07(3) Å, and quite large anisotropic atomic displacement parameters account for the easiness of K+ exchange for other cations of technological importance.
Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: Clonal Evolution in Clinical Context
Authors: Saunus Jodi , McCart Reed Amy , Lim Zhun , Lakhani Sunil
Published: January 2017

Brain metastases are highly-evolved manifestations of breast cancer arising in a unique microenvironment, giving them exceptional adaptability in the face of new extrinsic pressures. The incidence is rising in line with population ageing, and use of newer therapies that stabilise metastatic disease burden with variable efficacy throughout the body. Historically, there has been a widely-held view that brain metastases do not respond to circulating therapeutics because the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) restricts their uptake. However, emerging data are beginning to paint a more complex picture where the brain acts as a sanctuary for dormant, subclinical proliferations that are initially protected by the BBB, but then exposed to dynamic selection pressures as tumours mature and vascular permeability increases. Here, we review key experimental approaches and landmark studies that have charted the genomic landscape of breast cancer brain metastases. These findings are contextualised with the factors impacting on clonal outgrowth in the brain: intrinsic breast tumour cell capabilities required for brain metastatic fitness, and the neural niche, which is initially hostile to invading cells but then engineered into a tumour-support vehicle by the successful minority. We also discuss how late detection, abnormal vascular perfusion and interstitial fluid dynamics underpin the recalcitrant clinical behaviour of brain metastases, and outline active clinical trials in the context of precision management.
New Irradiation Method with Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanospheres for Inactivating Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Sasaki Yasuyuki , Hayashi Jun-ichiro , Fujimura Takeki , Iwamura Yuki , Yamamoto Genta , Nishida Eisaku , Ohno Tasuku , Okada Kosuke , Yamamoto Hiromitsu , Kikuchi Takeshi , Mitani Akio , Fukuda Mitsuo
Published: January 2017

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an adjunctive strategy for periodontitis treatments. However, use of aPDT for periodontal treatment is complicated by the difficulty in accessing morphologically complex lesions such as furcation involvement, which the irradiation beam (which is targeted parallel to the tooth axis into the periodontal pocket) cannot access directly. The aim of this study was to validate a modified aPDT method that photosensitizes indocyanine green-loaded nanospheres through the gingivae from outside the pocket using a diode laser. To establish this trans-gingival irradiation method, we built an in vitro aPDT model using a substitution for gingivae. Irradiation conditions and the cooling method were optimized before the bactericidal effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis were investigated. The permeable energy through the gingival model at irradiation conditions of 2 W output power in a 50% duty cycle was comparable with the transmitted energy of conventional irradiation. Intermittent irradiation with air cooling limited the temperature increase in the gingival model to 2.75 °C. The aPDT group showed significant bactericidal effects, with reductions in colony-forming units of 99.99% after 5 min of irradiation. This effect of aPDT against a periodontal pathogen demonstrates the validity of trans-gingival irradiation for periodontal treatment.
Ftr82 Is Critical for Vascular Patterning during Zebrafish Development
Authors: Chang Hsueh-Wei , Wang Wen-Der , Chiu Chien-Chih , Chen Chiou-Hua , Wang Yi-Shan , Chen Zih-Ying , Liu Wangta , Tai Ming-Hong , Wen Zhi-Hong , Wu Chang-Yi
Published: January 2017

Cellular components and signaling pathways are required for the proper growth of blood vessels. Here, we report for the first time that a teleost-specific gene ftr82 (finTRIM family, member 82) plays a critical role in vasculature during zebrafish development. To date, there has been no description of tripartite motif proteins (TRIM) in vascular development, and the role of ftr82 is unknown. In this study, we found that ftr82 mRNA is expressed during the development of vessels, and loss of ftr82 by morpholino (MO) knockdown impairs the growth of intersegmental vessels (ISV) and caudal vein plexus (CVP), suggesting that ftr82 plays a critical role in promoting ISV and CVP growth. We showed the specificity of ftr82 MO by analyzing ftr82 expression products and expressing ftr82 mRNA to rescue ftr82 morphants. We further showed that the knockdown of ftr82 reduced ISV cell numbers, suggesting that the growth impairment of vessels is likely due to a decrease of cell proliferation and migration, but not cell death. In addition, loss of ftr82 affects the expression of vascular markers, which is consistent with the defect of vascular growth. Finally, we showed that ftr82 likely interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch signaling. Together, we identify teleost-specific ftr82 as a vascular gene that plays an important role for vascular development in zebrafish.
Microbiological Load of Edible Insects Found in Belgium
Authors: Caparros Megido Rudy , Desmedt Sandrine , Blecker Christophe , Béra François , Haubruge Éric , Alabi Taofic , Francis Frédéric
Published: January 2017

Edible insects are gaining more and more attention as a sustainable source of animal protein for food and feed in the future. In Belgium, some insect products can be found on the market, and consumers are sourcing fresh insects from fishing stores or towards traditional markets to find exotic insects that are illegal and not sanitarily controlled. From this perspective, this study aims to characterize the microbial load of edible insects found in Belgium (i.e., fresh mealworms and house crickets from European farms and smoked termites and caterpillars from a traditional Congolese market) and to evaluate the efficiency of different processing methods (blanching for all species and freeze-drying and sterilization for European species) in reducing microorganism counts. All untreated insect samples had a total aerobic count higher than the limit for fresh minced meat (6.7 log cfu/g). Nevertheless, a species-dependent blanching step has led to a reduction of the total aerobic count under this limit, except for one caterpillar species. Freeze-drying and sterilization treatments on European species were also effective in reducing the total aerobic count. Yeast and mold counts for untreated insects were above the Good Manufacturing Practice limits for raw meat, but all treatments attained a reduction of these microorganisms under this limit. These results confirmed that fresh insects, but also smoked insects from non-European trades, need a cooking step (at least composed of a first blanching step) before consumption. Therefore, blanching timing for each studied insect species is proposed and discussed.
Influence of Solution Properties and Process Parameters on the Formation and Morphology of YSZ and NiO Ceramic Nanofibers by Electrospinning
Authors: Cadafalch Gazquez Gerard , Smulders Vera , Veldhuis Sjoerd , Wieringa Paul , Moroni Lorenzo , Boukamp Bernard , Ten Elshof Johan
Published: January 2017

The fabrication process of ceramic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and nickel oxide nanofibers by electrospinning is reported. The preparation of hollow YSZ nanofibers and aligned nanofiber arrays is also demonstrated. The influence of the process parameters of the electrospinning process, the physicochemical properties of the spinning solutions, and the thermal treatment procedure on spinnability and final microstructure of the ceramic fibers was determined. The fiber diameter can be varied from hundreds of nanometers to more than a micrometer by controlling the solution properties of the electrospinning process, while the grain size and surface roughness of the resulting fibers are mainly controlled via the final thermal annealing process. Although most observed phenomena are in qualitative agreement with previous studies on the electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers, one of the main differences is the high ionic strength of ceramic precursor solutions, which may hamper the spinnability. A strategy to control the effective ionic strength of precursor solutions is also presented.