bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Outsized Role of Salps in Carbon Export in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Steinberg Deborah K. , Stamieszkin Karen , Maas Amy E. , Durkin Colleen A. , Passow Uta , Estapa Margaret L. , Omand Melissa M. , McDonnell Andrew M. P. , Karp‐Boss Lee , Galbraith Moira , Siegel David A.
Published: December 2022

Periodic blooms of salps (pelagic tunicates) can result in high export of organic matter, leading to an “outsized” role in the ocean's biological carbon pump (BCP). However, due to their episodic and patchy nature, salp blooms often go undetected and are rarely included in measurements or models of the BCP. We quantified salp‐mediated export processes in the northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean in summer of 2018 during a bloom ofSalpa aspera. Salps migrated from 300 to 750 m during the day into the upper 100 m at night. Salp fecal pellet production comprised up to 82% of the particulate organic carbon (POC) produced as fecal pellets by the entire epipelagic zooplankton community. Rapid sinking velocities of salp pellets (400–1,200 m d−1) and low microbial respiration rates on pellets (<1% of pellet C respired day−1) led to high salp pellet POC export from the euphotic zone‐up to 48% of total sinking POC across the 100 m depth horizon. Salp active transport of carbon by diel vertical migration and carbon export from sinking salp carcasses was usually <10% of the total sinking POC flux. Salp‐mediated export markedly increased BCP efficiency, increasing by 1.5‐fold the proportion of net primary production exported as POC across the base of the euphotic zone and by 2.6‐fold the proportion of this POC flux persisting 100 m below the euphotic zone. Salps have unique and important effects on ocean biogeochemistry and, especially in low flux settings, can dramatically increase BCP efficiency and thus carbon sequestration.
Slab Morphology Around the Philippine Sea: New Insights From P‐Wave Mantle Tomography
Authors: She Lijuan , Zhang Guibin , Jiang Guoming , Zhao Dapeng , Xi Jiaji , Lü Qingtian , Shi Danian
Published: December 2022

We apply seismic tomography to 590,213 P‐wave arrival‐time data of 23,486 local earthquakes and 300,051 relative travel‐time residuals of 27,492 teleseismic events to study the 3‐D velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the entire Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) and its adjacent areas. Our results reveal significant high‐velocity anomalies beneath the Philippine Trench, the Japan‐Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana Trench, and the Nankai Trough, which reflect the subducted Philippine Sea slab, the Pacific slab, and the Shikoku Basin, respectively. On the basis of the tomographic images, we construct morphological models of these slabs. The slab morphologies become complex from the east to west. Taking into account previous results of geochemistry, paleomagnetism and numerical simulations, we deem that the complicated morphologies of the subducted slabs are related to the slab age, subduction rate, collision between different plates, clockwise rotation of the PSP, and retreat rate of trenches.
Genome sequencing identifies a large non-coding region deletion of SNX10 causing autosomal recessive osteopetrosis
Authors: Udupa Prajna , Ghosh Debasish Kumar , Kausthubham Neethukrishna , Shah Hitesh , Bartakke Sandip , Dalal Ashwin , Girisha Katta M , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi
Published: December 2022

Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a rare genetic disorder caused by impaired osteoclast activity. In this study, we describe a 4-year-old boy with increased bone density due to osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 8. Using genome sequencing, we identified a large deletion in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) ofSNX10(sorting nexin 10), where the regulatory region of this gene is located. This large deletion resulted in the absence of theSNX10transcript and led to abnormal osteoclast activity.SNX10is one of the nine genes known to cause ARO, shown to interact with V-ATPase (vacuolar type H( + )-ATPase), as it plays an important role in bone resorption. Our study highlights the importance of regulatory regions in the 5′-UTR ofSNX10for its expression while also demonstrating the importance of genome sequencing for detecting large deletion of the regulatory region ofSNX10.
The impact of renal artery stenting on therapeutic aims
Authors: Edgar Ben , Pearson Robert , Kasthuri Ram , Gillis Keith , Geddes Colin , Rostron Maggie , Brady Adrian , Hussey Keith , Roditi Giles , Delles Christian , McCallum Linsay , Mark Patrick , Kingsmore David
Published: December 2022

Renal artery stenosis manifests as poorly-controlled hypertension, impaired renal function or pulmonary oedema, therefore the success of treatment is dependent on indication. This study aims to determine the outcomes of patients undergoing renal artery stenting (RASt) based on therapeutic aim compared to criteria used in the largest randomised trial. Retrospective case-note review of patients undergoing RASt between 2008–2021 (n = 74). The cohort was stratified by indication for intervention (renal dysfunction, hypertension, pulmonary oedema) and criteria employed in the CORAL trial, with outcomes and adverse consequences reported. Intervention for hypertension achieved significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive agents at 1 year (median 43 mmHg, 1 drug), without detrimental impact on renal function. Intervention for renal dysfunction reduced serum creatinine by a median 124 μmol/L, sustained after 6 months. Intervention for pulmonary oedema was universally successful with significant reduction in SBP and serum creatinine sustained at 1 year. Patients who would have been excluded from the CORAL trial achieved greater reduction in serum creatinine than patients meeting the inclusion criteria, with equivalent blood pressure reduction. There were 2 procedure-related mortalities and 5 procedural complications requiring further intervention. 5 patients had reduction in renal function following intervention and 7 failed to achieve the intended therapeutic benefit. Renal artery stenting is effective in treating the indication for which it has been performed. Previous trials may have underestimated the clinical benefits by analysis of a heterogenous population undergoing a procedure rather than considering the indication, and excluding patients who would maximally benefit.
Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments
Authors: Guo Jun , Huang Xiuqing , Dou Lin , Yan Mingjing , Shen Tao , Tang Weiqing , Li Jian
Published: December 2022

Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the risks of various aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and immune system diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has promoted human health and greatly extended life expectancy, with the aging of society, a variety of chronic diseases have gradually become the most important causes of disability and death in elderly individuals. Current research on aging focuses on elucidating how various endogenous and exogenous stresses (such as genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, compromise of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, deregulated nutrient sensing) participate in the regulation of aging. Furthermore, thorough research on the pathogenesis of aging to identify interventions that promote health and longevity (such as caloric restriction, microbiota transplantation, and nutritional intervention) and clinical treatment methods for aging-related diseases (depletion of senescent cells, stem cell therapy, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory treatments, and hormone replacement therapy) could decrease the incidence and development of aging-related diseases and in turn promote healthy aging and longevity.
TRPM8 contributes to liver regeneration via mitochondrial energy metabolism mediated by PGC1α
Authors: Lei Xiaohua , Liu Qiang , Qin Wei , Tong Qing , Li Zhenghao , Xu Wendi , Liu Guoxing , Fu Jie , Zhang Ju , Kuang Tao , Shao Yaoli , Liu Chun , Fang Yu , Cao Zhenyu , Yan Likun , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Siyuan , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Mori Masaki , Liang Xin M. , Xu Xundi
Published: December 2022

Impairment of liver regeneration leads to severe morbidity in acute and chronic severe liver disease. Transient receptor potential melastain 8 (TRPM8) is involved in a variety of processes, including temperature sensing, ion homeostasis, and cell proliferation. However, whether TRPM8 contributes to liver regeneration is still unclear. We assessed the effect and mechanism of TRPM8 in liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we found that TRPM8 deficiency impairs liver regeneration in mice. Mechanistically, the results revealed that mitochondrial energy metabolism was attenuated in livers from TRPM8 knockout (KO) mice. Furthermore, we found that TRPM8 contributes to the proliferation of hepatocytes via PGC1α. Taken together, this study shows that TRPM8 contributes to liver regeneration in mice after hepatectomy. Genetic approaches and pharmacological approaches to regulate TRPM8 activity may be beneficial to the promotion of liver regeneration.
Iron-induced cytotoxicity mediated by endolysosomal TRPML1 channels is reverted by TFEB
Authors: Fernández Belén , Olmedo Pablo , Gil Fernando , Fdez Elena , Naaldijk Yahaira , Rivero-Ríos Pilar , Bracher Franz , Grimm Christian , Churchill Grant C. , Hilfiker Sabine
Published: December 2022

Increased brain iron content has been consistently reported in sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, and an increase in cytosolic free iron is known to cause oxidative stress and cell death. However, whether iron also accumulates in susceptible brain areas in humans or in mouse models of familial PD remains unknown. In addition, whilst the lysosome functions as a critical intracellular iron storage organelle, little is known about the mechanisms underlying lysosomal iron release and how this process is influenced by lysosome biogenesis and/or lysosomal exocytosis. Here, we report an increase in brain iron content also in PD patients due to the common G2019S-LRRK2 mutation as compared to healthy age-matched controls, whilst differences in iron content are not observed in G2019S-LRRK2 knockin as compared to control mice. Chemically triggering iron overload in cultured cells causes cytotoxicity via the endolysosomal release of iron which is mediated by TRPML1. TFEB expression reverts the iron overload-associated cytotoxicity by causing lysosomal exocytosis, which is dependent on a TRPML1-mediated increase in cytosolic calcium levels. Therefore, approaches aimed at increasing TFEB levels, or pharmacological TRPML1 activation in conjunction with iron chelation may prove beneficial against cell death associated with iron overload conditions such as those associated with PD.
Suppression of flavivirus transmission from animal hosts to mosquitoes with a mosquito-delivered vaccine
Authors: Wen Dan , Ding Limin S. , Zhang Yanan , Li Xiaoye , Zhang Xing , Yuan Fei , Zhao Tongbiao , Zheng Aihua
Published: December 2022

Zoonotic viruses circulate in the natural reservoir and sporadically spill over into human populations, resulting in endemics or pandemics. We previously found that the Chaoyang virus (CYV), an insect-specific flavivirus (ISF), is replication-defective in vertebrate cells. Here, we develope a proof-of-concept mosquito-delivered vaccine to control the Zika virus (ZIKV) within inaccessible wildlife hosts using CYV as the vector. The vaccine is constructed by replacing the pre-membrane and envelope (prME) proteins of CYV with those of ZIKV, assigned as CYV-ZIKV. CYV-ZIKV replicates efficiently in Aedes mosquitoes and disseminates to the saliva, with no venereal or transovarial transmission observed. To reduce the risk of CYV-ZIKV leaking into the environment, mosquitoes are X-ray irradiated to ensure 100% infertility, which does not affect the titer of CYV-ZIKV in the saliva. Immunization of mice via CYV-ZIKV-carrying mosquito bites elicites robust and persistent ZIKV-specific immune responses and confers complete protection against ZIKV challenge. Correspondingly, the immunized mice could no longer transmit the challenged ZIKV to naïve mosquitoes. Therefore, immunization with an ISF-vectored vaccine via mosquito bites is feasible to induce herd immunity in wildlife hosts of ZIKV. Our study provides a future avenue for developing a mosquito-delivered vaccine to eliminate zoonotic viruses in the sylvatic cycle.
Charge polarity-dependent ion-insertion asymmetry during electrochemical doping of an ambipolar π-conjugated polymer
Authors: Samuel Jibin J. , Garudapalli Ashutosh , Gangadharappa Chandrasekhar , Mahapatra Smruti Rekha , Patil Satish , Aetukuri Naga Phani B.
Published: December 2022

Electrochemical doping is central to a host of important applications such as bio-sensing, neuromorphic computing and charge storage. However, the mechanisms that enable electrochemical dopability and the various parameters that control doping efficiencies are poorly understood. Here, employing complementary electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements, we report a charge-polarity dependent ion insertion asymmetry in a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based ambipolar π-conjugated polymer. We argue that electrostatic interactions are insufficient to fully account for the observed charge-specific ion insertion into the polymer matrix. Using polymer side-chain dependent electrochemical doping studies, we show that electron density donating and accepting tendencies of polymer side-chains sufficiently describe the observed charge-polarity dependent electrochemical doping. Our observations are akin to the solvation of dopant ions by polymer side-chains. We propose that Gutmann donor/acceptor number framework qualifies the ‘solvent-like’ properties of polymer side-chains and provides a rational basis for designing π-conjugated polymers with favorable mixed ionic electronic transport properties.
A general interfacial-energetics-tuning strategy for enhanced artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Liu Tian , Pan Zhenhua , Kato Kosaku , Vequizo Junie Jhon M. , Yanagi Rito , Zheng Xiaoshan , Yu Weilai , Yamakata Akira , Chen Baoliang , Hu Shu , Katayama Kenji , Chu Chiheng
Published: December 2022

The demands for cost-effective solar fuels have triggered extensive research in artificial photosynthesis, yet the efforts in designing high-performance particulate photocatalysts are largely impeded by inefficient charge separation. Because charge separation in a particulate photocatalyst is driven by asymmetric interfacial energetics between its reduction and oxidation sites, enhancing this process demands nanoscale tuning of interfacial energetics on the prerequisite of not impairing the kinetics and selectivity for surface reactions. In this study, we realize this target with a general strategy involving the application of a core/shell type cocatalyst that is demonstrated on various photocatalytic systems. The promising H2O2 generation efficiency validate our perspective on tuning interfacial energetics for enhanced charge separation and photosynthesis performance. Particularly, this strategy is highlighted on a BiVO4 system for overall H2O2 photosynthesis with a solar-to-H2O2 conversion of 0.73%.
A secreted effector with a dual role as a toxin and as a transcriptional factor
Authors: Wang Dandan , Zhu Lingfang , Zhen Xiangkai , Yang Daoyan , Li Changfu , Chen Yating , Wang Huannan , Qu Yichen , Liu Xiaozhen , Yin Yanling , Gu Huawei , Xu Lei , Wan Chuanxing , Wang Yao , Ouyang Songying , Shen Xihui
Published: December 2022

Bacteria have evolved multiple secretion systems for delivering effector proteins into the cytosol of neighboring cells, but the roles of many of these effectors remain unknown. Here, we show that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes an effector, CccR, that can act both as a toxin and as a transcriptional factor. The effector is secreted by a type VI secretion system (T6SS) and can enter nearby cells of the same species and other species (such as Escherichia coli) via cell-cell contact and in a contact-independent manner. CccR contains an N-terminal FIC domain and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. In Y. pseudotuberculosis cells, CccR inhibits its own expression by binding through its DNA-binding domain to the cccR promoter, and affects the expression of other genes through unclear mechanisms. In E. coli cells, the FIC domain of CccR AMPylates the cell division protein FtsZ, inducing cell filamentation and growth arrest. Thus, our results indicate that CccR has a dual role, modulating gene expression in neighboring cells of the same species, and inhibiting the growth of competitors.
The effectiveness of newly synthesized quaternary ammonium salts differing in chain length and type of counterion against priority human pathogens
Authors: Kula Natalia , Lamch Łukasz , Futoma-Kołoch Bożena , Wilk Kazimiera A. , Obłąk Ewa
Published: December 2022

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) commonly occur as active substances in disinfectants. QAS have the important property of coating abiotic surfaces, which prevents adhesion of microorganisms, thus inhibiting biofilm formation. In this study, a group of nine monomeric QAS, differing in the structure and length of the aliphatic chain (C12, C14, C16) and the counterion (methylcarbonate, acetate, bromide), were investigated. The study included an analysis of their action against planktonic forms as well as bacterial biofilms. The compounds were tested for their anti-adhesion properties on stainless steel, polystyrene, silicone and glass surfaces. Moreover, mutagenicity analysis and evaluation of hemolytic properties were performed. It was found that compounds with 16-carbon hydrophobic chains were the most promising against both planktonic forms and biofilms. Tested surfactants (C12, C14, C16) showed anti-adhesion activity but it was dependent on the type of the surface and strain used. The tested compounds at MIC concentrations did not cause hemolysis of sheep blood cells. The type of counterion was not as significant for the activity of the compound as the length of the hydrophobic aliphatic chain.
Sleep and breast and prostate cancer risk in the MCC-Spain study
Authors: Turner Michelle C. , Gracia-Lavedan Esther , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Aragonés Nuria , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Amiano Pilar , Ardanaz Eva , Marcos-Delgado Alba , Molina-Barceló Ana , Alguacil Juan , Benavente Yolanda , Belmonte Thalia , Jiménez-Moleón José J. , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Pérez Beatriz , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Pollán Marina , Kogevinas Manolis
Published: December 2022

Breast and prostate cancers have been associated with circadian disruption. Some previous studies examined associations of sleep duration and breast or prostate cancer risk though findings remain inconsistent. This study examines associations of a range of detailed sleep characteristics and breast and prostate cancer risk in a large-scale population-based case–control study, MCC-Spain. A total of 1738 incident breast cancer cases, 1112 prostate cancer cases and frequency matched controls (n = 1910, and 1493 respectively) were recruited. Detailed data on habitual sleep duration, quality, timing, and daytime napping (“siesta”) were collected at recruitment. Additional data on sleep habits during both the previous year and at age 40 years were also subsequently captured. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. There were no associations of habitual sleep duration (h), timing of sleep, or any or specific sleep problems, and either breast and prostate cancer risk. There was a significant positive association of ever taking habitual siestas at recruitment and breast cancer risk (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.42), which strengthened with increased frequency or duration. There were also significant positive associations observed for both breast and prostate cancer, among those reporting recent sleep problems, but not sleep problems at age 40 years, in a subsequent circadian questionnaire. Adverse associations with siesta and disturbed sleep during the previous year likely reflect symptoms of developing/diagnosed cancer and comorbidities. Overall, there was no clear association between various sleep characteristics and breast or prostate cancer risk observed.
Investigating mitochondrial fission, fusion, and autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium from donors with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Fisher Cody R. , Shaaeli Adam A. , Ebeling Mara C. , Montezuma Sandra R. , Ferrington Deborah A.
Published: December 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries, characterized by the death of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors. Previous studies report an accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria in RPE of human donors with AMD. Understanding how damaged mitochondria accumulate in AMD is an important step in discovering disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets. In this report, we assessed mitochondrial fission and fusion by quantifying proteins and measured mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) via protein analysis and advanced imaging techniques using mitochondrial targeted mKeima in primary human RPE from donors with or without AMD. We report disease-specific differences in mitochondrial proteins that regulate fission, fusion, and mitophagy that were present at baseline and with treatments to stimulate these pathways. Data suggest AMD RPE utilize receptor-mediated mitophagy as a compensatory mechanism for deficits in the ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy pathway. These changes in mitochondrial homeostasis could lead to the buildup of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria observed in the RPE of AMD donors.
Detection of factors affecting kidney function using machine learning methods
Authors: Haratian Arezoo , Maleki Zeinab , Shayegh Farzaneh , Safaeian Alireza
Published: December 2022

Due to the increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its high mortality rate, study of risk factors affecting the progression of the disease is of great importance. Here in this work, we aim to develop a framework for using machine learning methods to identify factors affecting kidney function. To this end classification methods are trained to predict the serum creatinine level based on numerical values of other blood test parameters in one of the three classes representing different ranges of the variable values. Models are trained using the data from blood test results of healthy and patient subjects including 46 different blood test parameters. The best developed models are random forest and LightGBM. Interpretation of the resulting model reveals a direct relationship between vitamin D and blood creatinine level. The detected analogy between these two parameters is reliable, regarding the relatively high predictive accuracy of the random forest model reaching the AUC of 0.90 and the accuracy of 0.74. Moreover, in this paper we develop a Bayesian network to infer the direct relationships between blood test parameters which have consistent results with the classification models. The proposed framework uses an inclusive set of advanced imputation methods to deal with the main challenge of working with electronic health data, missing values. Hence it can be applied to similar clinical studies to investigate and discover the relationships between the factors under study.
Increased levels of oral Streptococcus-derived d-alanine in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nakade Yusuke , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Mita Masashi , Nakane Maiko , Hamase Kenji , Suda Wataru , Toyama Tadashi , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Shimizu Miho , Ogushi Chikako , Furuichi Kengo , Koshino Yoshitaka , Morita Hidetoshi , Hattori Masahira , Wada Takashi
Published: December 2022

The number of patients on hemodialysis is increasing globally; diabetes mellitus (DM) complications is the major cause of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The d-amino acid (AA) profile is altered in patients with CKD; however, it has not been studied in patients with CKD and DM. Furthermore, bacteria responsible for altering the D-AA profile are not well understood. Therefore, we examined the D-AA profiles and associated bacteria in patients with CKD, with and without DM. We enrolled 12 healthy controls and 54 patients with CKD, with and without DM, and determined their salivary, stool, plasma, and urine chiral AA levels using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the oral and gut microbiota to determine the association between the abundance of bacterial species and D-AA levels. Plasma d-alanine and d-serine levels were higher in patients with CKD than in healthy adults (p < 0.01), and plasma d-alanine levels were higher in patients with CKD and DM than in those without DM. The abundance of salivary Streptococcus, which produced d-alanine, increased in patients with CKD and DM and was positively correlated with plasma d-alanine levels. Patients with CKD and DM had unique oral microbiota and d-alanine profiles. Plasma d-alanine is a potential biomarker for patients with CKD and DM.
The influence of patient characteristics on the alarm rate in intensive care units: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sinno Zeena-Carola , Shay Denys , Kruppa Jochen , Klopfenstein Sophie A.I. , Giesa Niklas , Flint Anne Rike , Herren Patrick , Scheibe Franziska , Spies Claudia , Hinrichs Carl , Winter Axel , Balzer Felix , Poncette Akira-Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Intensive care units (ICU) are often overflooded with alarms from monitoring devices which constitutes a hazard to both staff and patients. To date, the suggested solutions to excessive monitoring alarms have remained on a research level. We aimed to identify patient characteristics that affect the ICU alarm rate with the goal of proposing a straightforward solution that can easily be implemented in ICUs. Alarm logs from eight adult ICUs of a tertiary care university-hospital in Berlin, Germany were retrospectively collected between September 2019 and March 2021. Adult patients admitted to the ICU with at least 24 h of continuous alarm logs were included in the study. The sum of alarms per patient per day was calculated. The median was 119. A total of 26,890 observations from 3205 patients were included. 23 variables were extracted from patients' electronic health records (EHR) and a multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of patient characteristics and alarm rates. Invasive blood pressure monitoring (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.68, 95%CI 4.15–5.29, p < 0.001), invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.24, 95%CI 1.16–1.32, p < 0.001), heart failure (aOR 1.26, 95%CI 1.19–1.35, p < 0.001), chronic renal failure (aOR 1.18, 95%CI 1.10–1.27, p < 0.001), hypertension (aOR 1.19, 95%CI 1.13–1.26, p < 0.001), high RASS (aOR 1.22, 95%CI 1.18–1.25, p < 0.001) and scheduled surgical admission (aOR 1.22, 95%CI 1.13–1.32, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a high alarm rate. Our study suggests that patient-specific alarm management should be integrated in the clinical routine of ICUs. To reduce the overall alarm load, particular attention regarding alarm management should be paid to patients with invasive blood pressure monitoring, invasive mechanical ventilation, heart failure, chronic renal failure, hypertension, high RASS or scheduled surgical admission since they are more likely to have a high contribution to noise pollution, alarm fatigue and hence compromised patient safety in ICUs.
A non-invasive risk score including skin autofluorescence predicts diabetes risk in the general population
Authors: Boersma Henderikus E. , van der Klauw Melanie M. , Smit Andries J. , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R.
Published: December 2022

Increased skin autofluorescence (SAF) predicts the development of diabetes-related complications and cardiovascular disease. We assessed the performance of a simple model which includes SAF to identify individuals at high risk for undiagnosed and incident type 2 diabetes, in 58,377 participants in the Lifelines Cohort Study without known diabetes. Newly-diagnosed diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol) or self-reported diabetes at follow-up. We constructed predictive models based on age, body mass index (BMI), SAF, and parental history of diabetes, and compared to results with the concise FINDRISC model. At 2nd visit to Lifelines, 1113 (1.9%) participants were identified with undiagnosed diabetes and 1033 (1.8%) participants developed diabetes during follow-up. A model comprising age, BMI and SAF yielded an AUC of 0.783 and was non-inferior to the concise FINDRISC model, which had an AUC of 0.797 to predict new diabetes. At a score of 5.8, sensitivity was 78% and specificity of 66%. Model 2 which also incorporated parental diabetes history, had an AUC of 0.792, and a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 70% at a score of 6.5. Net reclassification index (NRI) did not improve significantly (NRI 1.43% (− 0.50–3.37 p = 0.15). The combination of an easy to perform SAF measurement with age and BMI is a good alternative screening tool suitable for medical and non-medical settings. Parental history of diabetes did not significantly improve model performance in this homogeneous cohort.
Mucus-derived exosome-like vesicles from the Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris): taking advantage of invasive pest species in biotechnology
Authors: Liegertová Michaela , Semerádtová Alena , Kocholatá Michaela , Průšová Michaela , Němcová Lenka , Štofik Marcel , Kříženecká Sylvie , Malý Jan , Janoušková Olga
Published: December 2022

The slugArion vulgarishas attracted major attention as one of the worst invasive herbivore pests in Europe and is renowned for the stiff mucus it secretes for locomotion. In this study we focused on the isolation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes and exosome-like vesicles, from Arion secretions. We developed a method for slug mucus collection and subsequent vesicle isolation by ultracentrifugation. The isolated vesicles with an average diameter of ~ 100 nm carry abundant proteins and short RNAs, as well as adhesion molecules similar to mammalian galectins. We demonstrated that the slug extracellular vesicles are internalised by plant cells and human cancer cells in in vitro assays and are loadable by bioactive compounds, which makes them an interesting tool for utilisation in biotechnology.
Association between serum cotinine and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in adults living with HIV, HBV, or HCV (NHANES 2005–2018)
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Hao , Lin Jin-Long , Liu Jing , Jiang Xiao-Wen , Peng Lei
Published: December 2022

Although people all know that nicotine in tobacco smoke is the key to cause health damage, they ignore the synergistic effect of a large number of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) produced by incomplete tobacco combustion on nicotine or cotinine metabolism. Our aim is to investigate the association between serum VOCs and cotinine in smokers infected with HIV, HBV or HCV. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005–2018) database, including 13,652 nationally representative subjects’ sociodemographic characteristics and serological indicators, was used in this study. Smokers living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) were compared to non-infected population. The correlation between VOCs and cotinine as well as the effects of VOCs on cotinine metabolism were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis, respectively. Among HIV, HBV, or HCV infected smokers with the largest exposure dose to tobacco, the intensity of the association between VOCs and cotinine was the strongest. The results of multivariable binary logistic regression showed that high concentrations of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (OR:1.036, CI:1.009–1.124), Benzene (OR:1.478, CI:1.036–2.292), Carbon Tetrachloride (OR:1.576, CI:1.275–2.085) and 2,5-Dimethylfuran (OR:1.091, CI:1.030–1.157) in blood might be independent risk factors leading to the increase of serum metabolite cotinine in smokers.
Development and validation of an artificial neural network model for non-invasive gastric cancer screening and diagnosis
Authors: Fan Zeyu , Guo Yuxin , Gu Xinrui , Huang Rongrong , Miao Wenjun
Published: December 2022

Non-invasive and cost-effective diagnosis of gastric cancer is essential to improve outcomes. Aim of the study was to establish a neural network model based on patient demographic data and serum biomarker panels to aid gastric cancer diagnosis. A total of 295 patients hospitalized in Nanjing Drum Tower hospital diagnosed with gastric cancer based on tissue biopsy, and 423 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Demographical information and tumor biomarkers were obtained from Hospital Information System (HIS) as original data. Pearson's correlation analysis was applied on 574 individuals’ data (training set, 229 patients and 345 healthy volunteers) to analyze the relationship between each variable and the final diagnostic result. And independent sample t test was used to detect the differences of the variables. Finally, a neural network model based on 14 relevant variables was constructed. The model was tested on the validation set (144 individuals including 66 patients and 78 healthy volunteers). The predictive ability of the proposed model was compared with other common machine learning models including logistic regression and random forest. Tumor markers contributing significantly to gastric cancer screening included CA199, CA125, AFP, and CA242 were identified, which might be considered as important inspection items for gastric cancer screening. The accuracy of the model on validation set was 86.8% and the F1-score was 85.0%, which were better than the performance of other models under the same condition. A non-invasive and low-cost artificial neural network model was developed and proved to be a valuable tool to assist gastric cancer diagnosis.
More frequent central Pacific El Niño and stronger eastern pacific El Niño in a warmer climate
Authors: Shin Na-Yeon , Kug Jong-Seong , Stuecker Malte F. , Jin Fei-Fei , Timmermann Axel , Kim Geon-Il
Published: December 2022

El Niño events exhibit rich diversity in their spatial patterns, which can lead to distinct global impacts. Therefore, how El Niño pattern diversity will change in a warmer climate is one of the most critical issues for future climate projections. Based on the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulations, we report an inter-model consensus on future El Niño diversity changes. Central Pacific (CP) El Niño events are projected to occur more frequently compared to eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events. Concurrently, EP El Niño events are projected to increase in amplitude, leading to higher chances of extreme EP El Niño occurrences. We suggest that enhanced upper-ocean stability due to greenhouse warming can lead to a stronger surface-layer response for increasing positive feedbacks, more favorable excitation of CP El Niño. Whereas, enhanced nonlinear atmospheric responses to EP sea surface temperatures can lead to a higher probability of extreme EP El Niño.
Mass spectrometry-based quantitation combined with time-dependent metabolomics to discover metabolic features in human neurogenesis using neural constructs generated from neural progenitor cells
Authors: Wang Xin , Gao Zhenye , Zhou Wenxiu
Published: December 2022

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitation combined with time-dependent metabolomics to discover metabolic features in human neurogenesis.
A new on-line SPE LC-HRMS method for simultaneous analysis of selected emerging contaminants in surface waters
Authors: Folorunsho Omotola , Bogush Anna , Kourtchev Ivan
Published: December 2022

Development, validation and application of a sensitive multiclass method for simultaneous determination of 22 PFASs, 3 pharmaceuticals, 15 pesticides, and 2 bisphenols in surface water using on-line SPE UPLC-HRMS.
A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination and quantification of a recently identified N-nitrosamine impurity in the sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate active pharmaceutical ingredient
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hu Shujun , Wu Xiaoying , He Zuwei , Ke Chunlong , Hu Miaomiao
Published: December 2022

A fully validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for quantification of 7-nitroso-3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine (NTTP) in sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate at LOQ of 0.098 ppm.
Transient hydroboration and hydroalumination of activated azo-species: avenues to NBO and NAlO-heterobicycles
Authors: Mandal Dipendu , Hussain Zahid , Luo Yong-an , Wu Yile , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: December 2022

Reactions of the boranes with azo-derivatives provide facile access to NBO and NAlO heterobicyclic compounds. These reactions proceed via transient hydroboration or hydroalumination of the NN bond.
First-principles based deep neural network force field for molecular dynamics simulation of N–Ga–Al semiconductors
Authors: Huang Zixuan , Wang Quanjie , Liu Xinyu , Liu Xiangjun
Published: December 2022

The deep neural network force field based on first-principles calculations was trained to describe the interatomic interactions among N, Ga, and Al atoms in N–Ga–Al semiconducting alloy for the study of its mechanical and thermodynamic properties.
Theoretical vibrational mode-specific dynamics studies for the HBr + C2H5 reaction
Authors: Yin Cangtao , Czakó Gábor
Published: December 2022

We perform quasi-classical trajectory simulations on a recently-developed high-level spin–orbit-corrected full-dimensional analytical ab initio potential energy surface to study the mode-specific dynamics of the HBr + C2H5 multi-channel reaction.
Fabrication and characterization of the Fe3O4@SiO2–rGO nanocomposite: a catalyst for multi-component reactions
Authors: Sheikholia Lavasani Fatemeh , Khalaj Zahra , Kabirifard Hassan , Monajjemi Majid
Published: December 2022

A novel nanocomposite is synthesized by covalently modifying reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with Fe3O4@SiO2nanoparticles which is suitable as catalyst for multi-component reaction.
Dual mode antibacterial surfaces based on Prussian blue and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Doveri Lavinia , Taglietti Angelo , Grisoli Pietro , Pallavicini Piersandro , Dacarro Giacomo
Published: December 2022

A new dual mode antibacterial surface based on photothermally active Prussian blue nanoparticles and intrinsically antibacterial silver nanoparticles.
Four-membered C^N chelation in main-group organometallic chemistry
Authors: Kannan Ramkumar , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: December 2022

This perspective deals with the synthesis, structure and applications of main-group organometallic compounds containing four-membered C^N chelation.
A comprehensive method to study the DNA's association with lamin and chromatin compaction in intact cell nuclei at super resolution
Authors: Chapman Katarina B. , Filipsky Filip , Peschke Nicolas , Gelléri Márton , Weinhardt Venera , Braun Andrejs , Hausmann Michael , Cremer Christoph
Published: December 2022

We expanded the fBALM (DNA structure fluctuation-assisted binding activated localization microscopy) method by developing a stable methodological sequence that enables dual-color imaging of high-resolution genomic DNA together with LaminB1.
The dependence of timing jitter of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on the multi-layer sample design and slew rate
Authors: Flaschmann Rasmus , Zugliani Lucio , Schmid Christian , Spedicato Simone , Strohauer Stefan , Wietschorke Fabian , Flassig Fabian , Finley Jonathan J. , Müller Kai
Published: December 2022

The authors present the dependence of the timing jitter of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on the multi-layer sample design and slew rate.
Electrical-gate-controlled giant tunneling magnetoresistance and its quasi-periodic oscillation in an interlaced magnetic-electric silicene superlattice
Authors: Yang Yi-Bo , Wang Ru-zhi , Wang Changhao
Published: December 2022

We propose an interlaced magnetic-electric silicene superlattice. By adjusting the electric gates of the superlattice, extremely high giant magnetoresistance effect is obtained, and quasi-periodic oscillation of magnetoresistance is found.
Mechanistic understanding and the rational design of a SiO2@CD catalyst for selective protection of l-lysine
Authors: Li Pinyi , Fu Xue , Zhou Qiang , Fu Xuewen , Wang An , Zhang Guolin , Jiao Wei , Wang Chun
Published: December 2022

The mechanism of the selective protection of l-lysine mediated by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was investigated by preliminary experiments. The existence of (1a·CD)′ and 1a·CD·2a was proved to be critical for the selectivity and catalytic efficiency.
Development of potent tripodal G-quadruplex DNA binders and their efficient delivery to cancer cells by aptamer functionalised liposomes
Authors: Pont Isabel , Galiana-Roselló Cristina , Sabater-Arcis Maria , Bargiela Ariadna , Frías Juan Carlos , Albelda M. Teresa , González-García Jorge , García-España Enrique
Published: December 2022

Trisubstituted TPA/TPB-based ligands containing linear and macrocyclic polyamines show strong G-quadruplex stabilisation and selectivity over duplex DNA. Encapsulation in AS1411 aptamer-targeted liposomes dramatically increases their cytotoxicity.
Persistent microporosity of a non-planar porphyrinoid based on multiple supramolecular interactions for nanomechanical sensor applications
Authors: Chahal Mandeep K. , Maji Subrata , Liyanage Anuradha , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Tozman Pelin , Payne Daniel T. , Jevasuwan Wipakorn , Fukata Naoki , Karr Paul A. , Labuta Jan , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ishihara Shinsuke , Ariga Katsuhiko , D’Souza Francis , Yoshikawa Genki , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hill Jonathan P.
Published: December 2022

A novel fused porphyrinoid undergoes supramolecular assembly to form a persistently porous solution processable material for sensing of acetone vapour under high humidity using a membrane-type surface stress sensor.
Intermetallic molybdenum disilicide: a new, active, and stable cocatalyst for efficient solar hydrogen production
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Wenbo , Pan Hui , Zhang Zhengguo , Kong Chao , Min Shixiong
Published: December 2022

Intermetallic molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) has been identified as a new, active, and stable cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2evolution reactions in both dye-sensitized and semiconductor-based systems.
Lumenal components of cytoplasmic microtubules
Authors: Tsuji Chisato , Dodding Mark P.
Published: December 2022

The lumen of cytoplasmic microtubules is a poorly explored expanse of intracellular space. Although typically represented in textbooks as a hollow tube, studies over several decades have shown that the microtubule lumen is occupied by a range of morphologically diverse components. These are predominantly globular particles of varying sizes which appear to exist either in isolation, bind to the microtubule wall, or form discontinuous columns that extend through the lumenal space. Actin filaments with morphologies distinct from the canonical cytoplasmic forms have also now been found within the microtubule lumen. In this review, we examine the historic literature that observed these lumenal components in tissues from diverse species and integrate it with recent cryo-electron tomography studies that have begun to identify lumenal proteins. We consider their cell and tissue distribution, possible mechanisms of incorporation, and potential functions. It is likely that continuing work in this area will open a new frontier in cytoskeletal biology.
The membrane-associated protein 17 (MAP17) is up-regulated in response to empagliflozin on top of RAS blockade in experimental diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Vergara Ander , Llorens-Cebrià Carmen , Martos Nerea , Martínez-Díaz Irene , Stein Frank , Domínguez-Báez Pamela , Molina-Van den Bosch Mireia , Rettel Mandy , Benito Begoña , Bermejo Sheila , Pieper Michael Paul , Jacobs-Cachá Conxita , Soler Maria José
Published: December 2022

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have proven to delay diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression on top of the standard of care with the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade. The molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of SGLT2i and RAS blockers is poorly understood. We gave a SGLT2i (empagliflozin), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril), or a combination of both drugs for 8 weeks to diabetic (db/db) mice. Vehicle-treated db/db and db/m mice were used as controls. At the end of the experiment, mice were killed, and the kidneys were saved to perform a differential high-throughput proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry using isobaric tandem mass tags (TMT labeling) that allow relative quantification of the identified proteins. The differential proteomic analysis revealed 203 proteins differentially expressed in one or more experimental groups (false discovery rate < 0.05 and Log2 fold change ≥ ±1). Fourteen were differentially expressed in the kidneys from the db/db mice treated with empagliflozin with ramipril. Among them, MAP17 was up-regulated. These findings were subsequently validated by Western blot. The combined therapy of empagliflozin and ramipril up-regulated MAP17 in the kidney of a diabetic mice model. MAP17 is a major scaffolding protein of the proximal tubular cells that places transporters together, namely SGLT2 and NHE3. Our results suggest that SGLT2i on top of RAS blockade may protect the kidney by boosting the inactivation of NHE3 via the up-regulation of key scaffolder proteins such as MAP17.
The Functional External Memory Aid Tool Version 2.0: A How-To Clinical Guide
Authors: Lanzi Alyssa M. , Saylor Anna K. , Dedrick Robert F. , Bourgeois Michelle S. , Cohen Matthew L.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Although compensatory cognitive rehabilitation is a common treatment approach for adults with cognitive-communication disorders, there are few assessment tools available to support clinicians in developing person-centered treatment plans. In addition to understanding a client's cognitive and functional abilities, it is also important to understand how they compensate for their weaknesses, specifically with external aids (e.g., calendars, notes), in everyday life. The Functional External Memory Aid Tool (FEMAT) is a performance-based measure that quantifies and describes external aid use during task completion.

Method:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to educate and equip clinicians to administer and interpretate the FEMAT with adult clients with cognitive-communication disorders. This clinical focus article describes the theoretical motivation for the FEMAT as well as the administration, scoring, and interpretation procedures for Version 2.0 of the measure. A hypothetical case example is included to illustrate how to use the FEMAT to develop person-centered goals and treatment plans.

Conclusions:

The FEMAT is psychometrically sound, clinically relevant, free, easily accessible, and quick to administer and provides data that are complementary to data obtained from traditional performance-based and/or patient-reported measures. This clinical focus article describes new resources that are available to help clinicians administer and interpret Version 2.0 of the FEMAT when serving adults with cognitive-communication disorders.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21651311