bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Teologis eksistensi Yesus sebagai Logos dalam injil Yohanes 1:1-18
Authors: Biri Surya
Published: June 2024

Tulisan ini mendalami tentang fenomena Yesus sebagai sosok yang dijanjikan oleh Allah dan muncul dalam dunia sebagai manusia nyata, proses yang dikenal sebagai inkarnasi. Pengertian Logos banyak ditafsirkan dalam berbagai konteks, ada ahli yang menyatakan bahwa “Logos itu ilahi”, dalam pengertian bahwa Logos itu sedikit lebih rendah dari Allah. Inkarnasi menggambarkan penyatuan keilahian dan kemanusiaan dalam diri Yesus, sering kali disebut sebagai Logos. Namun, apakah Logos hanya merupakan gelar atau mencakup aspek pribadi Yesus masih menjadi subjek perdebatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan melalui literatur dan referensi kepustakaan. Dengan pendekatan ini, penulis menggali informasi mengenai Yesus dan peran-Nya dalam perjanjian baru, dengan fokus utama pada inkarnasi. Hasil penelitian mencakup empat aspek utama. Pertama, peran Yesus dalam perjanjian baru menjadi landasan penting untuk memahami pesan dan ajaran-Nya. Kedua, inkarnasi menjadi titik sentral, menunjukkan bagaimana Allah mengambil rupa manusia dalam Yesus. Ketiga, eksistensi Yesus sebagai Logos dalam kitab Injil Yohanes memberikan perspektif mendalam tentang siapa Yesus sebenarnya. Selain itu, Logos tidak hanya merupakan gelar, tetapi juga mencakup aspek pribadi Yesus, tercermin dalam kisah kehidupan-Nya yang tercatat dalam kitab Yohanes. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang kompleksitas Yesus sebagai figur inkarnasi, mengeksplorasi aspek keilahian dan kemanusiaan yang bersatu dalam satu entitas.
Influencing Factors of Workplace Relationships on Neutralisation Techniques applied by White-Collar Criminals
Authors:   , Sellmann Mark
Published: June 2024

This thesis examines the phenomenon of white-collar crime, meaning illegal acts as defined by German law, committed by a person or group of persons in the course of a legitimate occupation for the benefit of the individual criminal(s) without organisational support. As not only big fraud scandals that gain media attention cause tremendous losses, this qualitative research investigates into those supposedly petty white-collar crimes (e.g., working time fraud, skiving, thefts, etc.) to generate a wider and deeper understanding of these often considered trivial offences which, nonetheless, are responsible for almost half of the financial losses caused by all white-collar crimes globally. A stream of previous research has demonstrated that workplace relationships, good or bad, with peers or across organisational hierarchies, have the power to influence the behaviour of individual employees. Another stream of prior studies discovered that neutralisation, as a before the act justification of a deed, and the concrete application of neutralisation techniques are a necessary means for employees to reduce their cognitive dissonance which allows them to perpetrate white-collar crimes. By conducting 20 interviews with white-collar criminals, this thesis has successfully closed the research gap by linking up these existing research streams. The empirical findings show how workplace relationships, when manifested in social situations and interpersonal events, affect the decision making process and the application of neutralisation techniques by white-collar criminals. This contribution to knowledge is used to develop propositions for future research. This study has identified certain trigger events, such as specific situations and conducts by workplace actors (e.g., superiors, colleagues and even subordinates) that evoke distinct emotions and cause corresponding feelings among perpetrators and thereby serve as a breeding ground for the formation, development, and application of neutralisation techniques. If aware of these connections and patterns, companies and advisors will be able to improve compliance management systems and anti-fraud measures by applying more targeted interventions and approaches.
Military shipbuilding in the Volga region (XVIII-early XX centuries) in Russian historiography
Authors: Alekseev Timofei Vladimirovich , Belenovich Oleg Veniaminovich
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of the emergence and development of the industrial base of military shipbuilding in pre-revolutionary Russia in the Volga region. Its purpose is to analyze the work of domestic researchers on this problem, to identify on this basis the features of the shipbuilding industry in the region, to create a complete picture of its formation and development. The study was conducted within the framework of the individual periods proposed by the author, the grounds for which were both fluctuations in Russia's foreign policy in the Caspian Sea region and changes in the technical and technological aspects of shipbuilding itself. Special attention is paid to the emergence and activities of two major centers of Volga shipbuilding – the admiralty in Kazan and Astrakhan, attention is paid to the development of their production infrastructure, as well as their personnel and logistical support. The research uses both general philosophical methods of analysis and ascent from the concrete to the abstract, as well as special historical methods: chronological, periodization and comparative historical. It is revealed that organized state military shipbuilding in the Volga region arose both to implement the goals of Russia's eastern policy and to meet the needs for shipbuilding materials of the fleet being built on the Baltic Sea. The limited foreign policy goals in the Caspian Sea region predetermined the specific appearance of the shipbuilding industry formed in the Volga region. The conclusion is made about the commensurate development of the shipbuilding base in the Volga region to the level of threats to Russia's national security that existed in the Caspian Sea region during the period under study. It is emphasized that a specific feature of the shipbuilding industry's production and logistics infrastructure in the Volga region was its focus on providing strategic materials to other shipbuilding centers in Russia, primarily those working in the interests of the Baltic Fleet. The problems and issues of the history of military shipbuilding in the Volga region that require further study are shown.
The date of the foundation of the first permanent Ingush settlement in the area of modern Nazran
Authors: Albogachiev Magomed Mikhailovich
Published: June 2024

This work is devoted to the migration processes that took place in the XVII-XVIII centuries among the Ingush tribes, which eventually led to the foundation of the first permanent Ingush settlement in the area of the modern city of Nazran. The analysis of information from historical sources on this issue, as well as the main versions that exist today, is carried out. At the republican scientific and practical conference "historical determination of the date of formation of Nazran", held on July 15, 2000, it was decided to consider the date of foundation of Nazran as 1781. However, some researchers still express the opinion that Ingush settlements in the Nazran valley began to arise only at the beginning of the XIX century. The purpose of the article is to confirm the validity of the officially established date of the founding of Nazran on the basis of data from historical sources.   And also to show that the development of the territory of the Nazran valley by Ingush tribes began in the XVII century. To achieve the purpose of the article, the author drew on a significant amount of scientific literature and archival data, comparing them with information from Ingush folklore. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that the issue of the foundation of Nazran is considered in the context of migration processes that took place among the Ingush tribes in the XVII-XIX centuries. Historical works on the history of the development of the territory of the Nazran Valley are summarized, comparing them with information from Ingush folklore. In the course of the research, the author comes to the following key conclusions: information from various sources related to this issue are consistent and complement each other; Ingush tribes began to develop the territory of the Nazran Valley in the XVII century, and the first permanent settlement in this territory appeared in 1780-1781. This happened after they concluded an agreement with the Kabardian and Kumyk princes.
Landscaping as an object of administrative and legal protection in the Russian Empire in the XVIII century
Authors: Pomelov Kirill Pavlovich
Published: June 2024

The object of the study is the improvement of urban space in the prism of its administrative and legal protection by the state. The subject of the study is the changes in the content of the term "landscaping" during the eighteenth century. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the jurisdiction of the supervisory function for offenses in the field of landscaping, as well as the varieties of these violations themselves. The analysis of normative legal acts issued by the Russian rulers makes it possible to determine which elements of public life they included in the concept of landscaping, which persons were responsible for the execution and control of compliance with established requirements. Approaches to the organization of landscaping in the capital and provincial cities of the Russian Empire are being studied. The author examines the continuity in the organization of urban planning and landscaping activities during the XVIII century. Both general scientific and special scientific research methods were used in the preparation of the work. Among the general scientific methods, analysis and synthesis were most widely used. Among the special scientific methods, the historical and legal method is of key importance, since the subject of the study involves the study of historical documents published in the Russian Empire in the XVIII century. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions that it was in the XVIII century that the origin and formation of landscaping as an object of administrative and legal protection took place. Started as a struggle with the population who did not want to accept the new realities of urban life, landscaping activities were gradually transformed into an obligatory element of the implementation of state government on an equal footing with the administration of justice and tax collection. The novelty of the research lies in looking at the history of the development of the Russian state in the XVIII century through the prism of urban amenities. With the modernization of Russian society, the cities in which this community lived changed at the same time. A sharp increase in the population led to the emergence of new and aggravation of existing problems. Epidemics and fires in densely populated cities had much more devastating consequences, therefore, in order to prevent them, it was necessary to bring urban amenities to a new level.
Invernada dos Negros: história e luta de uma comunidade negra rural
Authors: Taffarel Lidiane
Published: June 2024

Esta obra apresenta o estudo realizado na primeira comunidade quilombola reconhecida em Santa Catarina, Invernada dos Negros, que se localiza nos municípios de Campos Novos e Abdon Batista, no Meio Oeste catarinense. Para a municipalidade, as localidades que compõe o território denominam-se Manuel Cândido, Espigão Branco, Arroio Bonito e Corredeira, mas para os moradores é a Invernada dos Negros em que estão presentes laços de parentesco, sociabilidade e religiosidade, descendência de africanos escravizados, além do acesso à terra transmitido através de testamento. “Invernada dos Negros: história e luta de uma comunidade negra rural” apresenta o protagonismo dos negros e, para tal, descreve o contexto, o cenário em que viviam/vivem. Trata-se de um histórico de invisibilidade da comunidade, sem acesso a condições dignas de sobrevivência, e como os moradores, ao longo dos anos, foram perdendo seu território, desde 1928, quando um advogado e alguns legatários entraram com uma ação de divisão de terras. Através do laudo, de documentários e atas da associação, fica claro como alguns costumes dos antepassados não foram preservados, entretanto, nem por isso os moradores deixaram de ser/se identificar como negros. Ao relatar a falta de políticas públicas e condições a que os negros foram submetidos pós-1888 ou as dificuldades dos moradores da comunidade Invernada dos Negros, a autora busca contextualizar os pontos de partida dessas pessoas que lutaram por seus direitos, resistiram a esse cenário inicial, sem vitimizá-los.
Physiotherapeutic management of Hydrocephalus-Ex vacuo: A Case Report
Authors: Dsilva Fiona Caroline , Prasad KM Krishna
Published: June 2024

Hydrocephalus Ex-vacuo refers to an elevated volume with no increasing Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) pressure, particularly in instances of diminished brain tissue. Since there is no increased intracranial pressure in Hydrocephalus Ex-vacuo, few general symptoms such as irritability, drowsiness, and even larger head presentation can be absent compared to congenital hydrocephalus. The current case study presents a one-year-old male child exhibiting delays in developmental milestones, including poor head and trunk control, associated with a history of prenatal bleeding and subsequent birth complications. Despite a seemingly normal birth, the child experienced postnatal complications such as vomiting, seizures, and abdominal distension, leading to a 15-day Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay. Persistent delays prompted medical consultations, culminating in a referral for physiotherapy following Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings indicative of hydrocephalus ex-vacuo. Clinical assessments revealed a restricted range of motion, muscle tightness in the lower extremities, and poor muscle control and reflex persistence. Imaging confirmed ventricular enlargement consistent with Hydrocephalus Ex-vacuo, necessitating targeted physiotherapy interventions. Therapeutic strategies focused on promoting head and trunk control through prone positioning, bolster support, and dynamic exercises utilising physio balls. Progressive interventions facilitated significant improvements within six months, highlighting the efficacy of early rehabilitation and parental involvement in achieving motor milestones. The present case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary collaboration, and rehabilitative interventions in optimising outcomes for children with hydrocephalus ex-vacuo. Further research is warranted to explore additional therapeutic modalities and long-term prognostic indicators for this patient population.
Intra-axial Supratentorial Tumours Resection under Fluorescein Guidance with 560 nm Yellow Filter: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jain Pradeep Kumar , Sudarshan Nishchith , Hegde Pranoy , Karigoudar, Ashirwad , Malagi Sunil
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Excision of intra-axial tumours with maximal resection and minimal deficits is one of the intricate procedures in neurosurgery. Fluorescence-guided Surgery (FGS) helps in better identification of tumour tissue and allows Maximal Safe Resection (MSR) of high-grade brain tumours. Sodium fluorescein dye, when injected intravenously, gets concentrated in High-grade Glioma (HGG) tissue due to a disrupted BloodBrain Barrier (BBB), thus aiding in MSR, Extent Of Resection (EOR), and Gross Total Resection (GTR). Aim: To assess the effectiveness of intraoperative use of sodium fluorescein in achieving MSR and GTR. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 patients with HGG who underwent surgery between January 2021 and May 2023 at SDM College of Medical Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Two groups of 15 patients each were divided into those operated with the use of Fluorescein Sodium (FS) and those without FS. FS was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg at the time of craniotomy. The primary endpoint was the number of patients with Histopathological Examination (HPE)-confirmed HGGs showing no contrast-enhancing tumour in the immediate postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Secondary endpoints included residual tumours on postoperative MRI, Focal Neurological Deficits (FND), and FS-related toxicity. The association between FS status and recurrence at different treatment time points was assessed using the Pearson Chisquare test. Recurrence rates were compared in each FS group using the Cochran Q test. Statistical significance was set at a 5% level (p-value<0.05). Results: Homogeneous or heterogeneous yellow-green fluorescence was observed on the tumour tissue in all 15 patients (100%). Of the 15 patients where FS was used, two showed lesion recurrences at six months, and 13 showed recurrences at 12 months. Among the 15 patients where FS was not used, 11 showed recurrences at six months, and four showed recurrences at 12 months. This indicates that MSR, GTR, and EOR can be improved using FS intraoperatively during tumour resection. Conclusion: Based on the results, fluorescein dye with a 560 nm yellow filter under a highly illuminated microscope can help achieve better tumour resection with minimal injury to surrounding eloquent areas. It can be utilised as an ideal adjunct for tumour resection rather than with a microscope alone.
CONDIÇÃO ESTRUTURAL DA MACRODRENAGEM E A PROBLEMÁTICA DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NO CANAL DO PEPINO, PELOTAS/RS
Authors: Guedes Sampaio Eliza , Sanches Suzuki Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi , Mazzochi Soares Estêvão , Souza Alves Bruna Regina , Weykamp da Cruz José Antônio , Pitone Cardoso Iulli , De Vasconcelos dos Santos Rodrigo César
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho corresponde a uma avaliação do Canal do Pepino, importante elemento da macrodrenagem urbana no Município de Pelotas/RS, com os objetivos de descrever sua condição estrutural, bem como o acúmulo de resíduos sólidos na sua extensão, além de propor estratégias para o adequado descarte desses resíduos na região de estudo. Percorreu-se toda a extensão do Canal do Pepino a fim de coletar informações sobre o estado de conservação do revestimento e das margens do canal, e identificar e analisar os principais pontos de descarte irregular de resíduos sólidos. A partir da análise de toda a extensão do Canal do Pepino, observou-se que alguns pontos ao longo do Canal necessitam de revegetação com gramíneas nas margens e intervenção no solo, para controlar processos erosivos pontuais, bem como de manutenção das paredes de concreto, para evitar seu colapso estrutural. Há também a necessidade de poda da vegetação arbórea e arbustiva para reduzir o aporte de resíduos orgânicos destas vegetações dentro do Canal. Quanto ao descarte irregular de resíduos, observou-se intensificação de montante para jusante e, tanto nas margens quanto no interior do canal, é muito grande a quantidade e diversidade de resíduos.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self Examination in Women of Okrika Kalio-Ama Community Okrika Local Government Area of Rivers State
Authors: Bademosi Adetomi , Pius Ositadinma Mberekpe
Published: June 2024

Background: Breast self-examination is one of the non-invasive methods of screening in which a woman looks at her breast for any unusual changes like lumps, distortions, or swellings. Despite the impact of breast self-examination in detecting breast cancer earlier, the vast majority of cases still present with an advanced stage. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, particularly in low income countries.
Objective: This study sought to evaluate breast self-examination habits and knowledge among women in their reproductive age in the Kalio-Ama village in Okrika LGA, Rivers State.
Methods: Women residing in the study area were the subjects of a cross-sectional study. A straightforward random selection technique was employed to choose 250 individuals. Questionnaires given by interviewers were utilized to gather data. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 23.
Results: From the total of 250 women participated in the study with a response rate of 100%. Of these, 250 (100%) of the respondents have heard of breast self-examination, 25 (10%) heard about it at home, 180 (72%) heard about it at the health facility while 45 (18%) heard on social media, 190 (76%) said self-examination of the breast is essential for early detection of breast cancer, 180 (72%) had knowledge and skills of BSE, 190 (76%) agreed that BSE will lead to early detection of breast cancer, 250 (100) of the respondents have practiced breast self-examination, 160 (64%) practice BSE on monthly bases while 90 (36%) practice BSE when necessary, 160 (64%) will continue the practice of BSE, 160 (64%) derive pleasure in carrying out BSE. There was a significant relationship (p-value<0.05) between the following factors (health motivation, higher perceived self-efficacy of breast self-examination, marital status, family history of breast cancer and age) and execution of BSE.
Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that there is adequate sufficient understanding and experience in BSE among women of childbearing age in the study area and factors such as health motivation, higher perceived self-efficacy of breast self-examination, marital status, family history of breast cancer and age impact of the practice of BSE among women in Rivers State.
A Review on the Health Implications of Electromagnetic Radiations Emitting from Cell Phone Towers
Authors: Sharma Atul
Published: June 2024

The positive aspect of technological innovation makes life easier; it may also involve components that impair the quality of life via certain negative effects. Cell phone towers emit high-frequency radio waves, which are a significant environmental pollutant and a serious problem today. The thermogenic effect is primarily linked to the intensity of electromagnetic fields (EMF), measured by the specific absorption rate (SAR). This review work compiled both field and laboratory studies carried out on various parameters such as growth, behaviour, reproduction and development, cancers in human beings, etc. Information on various studies published on the effects of EM radiations and methods employed during EMR studies is enlisted herein. The studies showing the impact on dosimetry, co-exposure, epidemiology, haematology, endocrinology, molecular structure, wildlife, and ecology were considered. Lack of standardization and inconsistent results hindered the ability to generalize the findings.
Value Addition and Standardization of Mango Jam (Mangifera indica)
Authors: Swain Dibya Darsini , Singh Devi , Wesley C. John
Published: June 2024

The study was carried out at Post Harvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the year 2023-2024 in which mango and tamarind were taken and they were treated with varying quantities of sugar, honey, and jaggery. This exploration was facilitated through a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment, which evaluated seven treatments. Physicochemical analyses and organoleptic assessments were conducted over a 60-day storage period at ambient temperature. Results indicate that Treatment 4 (Mango + Tamarind + Jaggery 60% + Honey 40%) exhibited superior physicochemical properties, including total soluble solids, pH, total acidity, moisture content and ascorbic acid content. Organoleptic evaluations favored Treatment 4(Mango + Tamarind + Jaggery 60% + Honey 40%) for color and appearance, flavor and taste, texture, aroma, and overall acceptability, followed by Treatment 2 (Mango + Tamarind + Sugar 75% + Honey 25%). Notably, all treated samples surpassed the control in organoleptic tests. Furthermore, the assessments revealed improved sensory attributes at cold temperatures compared with ambient conditions. Treatment 6 (Mango + Tamarind + Jaggery 90% + Honey 10%) demonstrated the highest Benefit-Cost Ratio (1.45). These findings suggest the potential for optimizing mango jam formulations to enhance both physiochemical properties and consumer acceptance.
Analysis of Sources and Diversification of Farmers' Household Income Around PT Jembayan Muara Bara, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district, Indonesia
Authors: Agustin Haidry Dwita , Aswin  , Saragih Bernatal
Published: June 2024

Most farming households depend entirely on sources of income from the agricultural sector, especially on-farm farming, this has the potential for quite a high risk of crop failure which results in a decrease in household income. Diversification of sources of income is aimed at creating wider employment opportunities, improving the economy in the agricultural and rural sectors, as well as developing services and service activities through linkages between agriculture and rural and non-agricultural sectors. The problem in realizing food security today is that the population continues to increase but rice production tends to decrease, thus affecting farmers' income in spending to meet basic needs, namely food.  This study was conducted to find out the sources of income earned and the proportion of food expenditure of farmer households around PT Jembayan Muara Bara in Tenggarong Seberang subdistrict., Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This research was conducted in Mulawarman, Buana Jaya, Suka Maju, and Bukit Pariaman Villages, Tenggarong Seberang subdistrict. It rans from July 2023 to March 2024. Site selection is done by Purposive Sampling. Sampling using the method (Non Proportional Random Sampling) The number of samples is equalized in each village taking 25 families per village so that the total number of samples is 100 families. The types of data collected are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques with observation, and interviews.  The results showed that sources of income in the study area, apart from farming activities, namely by working as mining employees, traders, builders, stone diggers, masseurs, farm workers, RT heads, Honorary, and civil servants; The average total family income per month ranges from IDR 2,500,000.00 to IDR 8,800,000.00. The average per capita income per month ranges from IDR 910,152.00 to IDR 1,362,339.00, while the distribution of income per sample capita per month is between IDR 416,667.00 to IDR 2,500,000.00; and the proportion of food expenditure by farmer households ranges from 50.72% - 54.51%, while the proportion of non-food expenditure by farmer households ranges from 45.45 - 49.25%.
Mutation Breeding and Its Importance in Modern Plant Breeding: A Review
Authors: Ali Shahzeb , Suryakant Talekar Nilesh
Published: June 2024

A mutation is an abrupt, heritable alteration in a living cell's DNA that is not brought about by genetic recombination or segregation. The deliberate use of mutations in plant breeding is known as "mutation breeding." Mutation breeding provides the advantage of improving a fault in an otherwise excellent cultivar without sacrificing its agronomic and qualitative features, in contrast to hybridization and selection. There is no simpler solution than mutation breeding to enhance seedless crops. These benefits have led to the development of a market for mutation breeding in plant breeding since the initial release of mutant cultivars derived from fundamental mutation research in Europe. Both physical and chemical mutagens have improved methods for inducing mutations in major crops, and strategies for selecting mutant populations have been detailed. A broad range of mutations that have not been previously documented have been detected, and new mutagenic factors like cosmic rays and ion beam radiation are being studied. However, ionising radiation and alkylating chemicals continue to be widely used. The efficiency of mutant breeding has increased as a result of the advent of reliable in vitro methods for numerous crop species. In vitro methods are particularly effective because they can manage sizable mutagenized populations in a small area, have a quicker progeny turnover rate in vegetatively propagated species, and can screen for a variety of biotic and abiotic stress factors in the culture environment. Over the last ten years, there have been significant advancements in mutant screening, with reverse genetic methods now being prioritised. Thus, the combination of molecular methods and mutation techniques is opening up new and intriguing possibilities for contemporary plant breeding.
A Parallel Circuit Model for Multi‐State Resistive‐Switching Random Access Memory
Authors: Chen Albert B. K. , Choi Byung Joon , Yang Xiang , Chen I.‐Wei
Published: December 2011

Large, rapidly growing literature is available on bipolar resistive‐switching random access memories (RRAM) made of myriad of simple and advanced materials. Many of them exhibit similar resistance switching behavior but, until now, no unifying model can allow quantification of their voltage and time responses. Using a simple parallel circuit model, these responses of a newly discovered RRAM made of a thin‐film random material are successfully analyzed. The analysis clearly reveals a large population of intermediate states with remarkably similar switching characteristics. Such modeling framework based on simple circuit constructs also appears applicable to several RRAM made of other materials. This simple approach to analyze data write/rewrite and memory retention in RRAM may aid their further understanding and development.
Psychosocial and other working conditions: Variation by employment arrangement in a sample of working Australians
Authors: LaMontagne Anthony D. , Smith Peter M. , Louie Amber M. , Quinlan Michael , Ostry Aleck S. , Shoveller Jean
Published: December 2011

Background

The evidence linking precarious employment with poor health is mixed. Self‐reported occupational exposures in a population‐based Australian sample were assessed to investigate the potential for differential exposure to psychosocial and other occupational hazards to contribute to such a relationship, hypothesizing that exposures are worse under more precarious employment arrangements (EA).

Methods

Various psychoscial and other working conditions were modeled in relation to eight empirically derived EA categories with Permanent Full‐Time (PFT) as the reference category (N = 925), controlling for sex, age, and occupational skill level.

Results

More precarious EA were associated with higher odds of adverse exposures. Casual Full‐Time workers had the worst exposure profile, showing the lowest job control, as well as the highest odds of multiple job holding, shift work, and exposure to four or more additional occupational hazards. Fixed‐Term Contract workers stood out as the most likely to report job insecurity. Self‐employed workers showed the highest job control, but also the highest odds of long working hours.

Conclusions

Psychosocial and other working conditions were generally worse under more precarious EA, but patterns of adverse occupational exposures differ between groups of precariously employed workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:93–106, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The burden of occupational injury: A 1‐year prospective study in Xuan Tien Commune, Viet Nam
Authors: Marucci‐Wellman Helen , Leamon Tom B. , Binh Ta Thi Tuyet , Diep Nguyen Bich , Wegman David H. , Kriebel David
Published: December 2011

Background

Developing nations carry a substantial portion of the global burden of injury, but without reliable injury surveillance, there is no way to characterize or prioritize the causes of work‐related injury for prevention.

Methods

Injury data from 52 treatment sites in the Xuan Tien Commune, Vietnam with over 10,000 inhabitants were collected between January 1 and December 31, 2006. Injured residents were interviewed to determine work‐relatedness, relevant causes, disability, and burden.

Results

Five hundred four work‐related injuries were reported from formal treatment sites (incidence rate of 87 per 1,000 FTE) with a mean lost work day of 11 days. Four thousand five hundred seventy‐four lost work day equivalents were estimated based on actual days lost to recover plus work days lost earning income to pay for medical costs, accumulating a total direct burden to the community of 8,641 lost work day equivalents. Almost half of that burden was caused by work in manufacturing. First aid boxes placed in 40 manufacturing enterprises yielded the 2nd highest reporting source.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the feasibility and value at the local level to build an active injury surveillance system which could have a large impact on preventing the burden of injuries in workplaces in Vietnam. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:205–216, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Piloting a personal protection equipment distribution program among Chicago day laborers
Authors: Contreras Elizabeth , Buchanan Susan
Published: December 2011

Background

Occupational injury rates among day laborers have been estimated to be as high as 31%, where lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) use is repeatedly noted as a contributor to occupational injuries.

Methods

We distributed duffel bags containing nine pieces of PPE and provided training on their use to Chicago day laborers during six distribution sessions over two summers. Participants were contacted 4–8 weeks post‐distribution and queried on PPE use.

Results

Of 117 participants who received the equipment, 42 completed the follow‐up survey. Workers performed construction, demolition, and painting type tasks and most often used gloves, safety glasses, and respirators. Hardhats, coveralls, and earplugs were the least used.

Conclusions

The PPE we provided was used during 94% of the jobs, and every one of the nine items was used. Hearing protection was underused. This project showed that providing PPE, along with training on its use, may increase PPE use among Chicago day laborers, likely preventing occupational injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:159–166, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of the ghent and revised ghent nosologies for the diagnosis of marfan syndrome in an adult korean population
Authors: Yang Jeong Hoon , Han Hyejin , Jang Shin Yi , Moon Ju Ryoung , Sung Kiick , Chung Tae‐Young , Lee Heung Jae , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Duk‐Kyung
Published: December 2011

Recently, a revised Ghent nosology has been established for the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome (MFS) that puts more weight on the aortic root aneurysm and ectopia lentis. We compared the application of the Ghent and revised Ghent nosologies in adult Korean patients for whom there is suspicion of MFS. From January 1995 to June 2010, we enrolled 106 patients older than 20 years for whom there was suspicion of MFS, and who had undergone genetic analysis of the fibrillin‐1 gene (FBN1). Of 106 patients, 86 patients (81%) fulfilled the criteria of the Ghent nosology, and 84 patients (79%) met the criteria of the revised Ghent nosology. The two patients who met the Ghent nosology criteria, but not the criteria of the revised Ghent nosology were diagnosed with Loeys–Dietz syndrome and MASS phenotype. The level of agreement between both nosologies was very high (κ = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.86 to 1.0). Marfan‐like syndromes were diagnosed in 30% (6/20 patients) with negative Ghent and revised Ghent criteria and no FBN1 mutations. These results suggest that adult Korean patients who fulfill the old Ghent criteria almost all fulfill the new criteria for the diagnosis of MFS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Etiology of Potentially Primordial Biomolecular Structures: From Vitamin B12to the Nucleic Acids and an Inquiry into the Chemistry of Life’s Origin: A Retrospective
Authors: Eschenmoser Albert
Published: December 2011

“We’ll never be able to know” is a truism that leads to resignation with respect to any experimental effort to search for the chemistry of life’s origin. But such resignation runs radically counter to the challenge imposed upon chemistry as a natural science. Notwithstanding the prognosis according to which the shortest path to understanding the metamorphosis of the chemical into the biological is by way of experimental modeling of “artificial chemical life”, the scientific search for the route nature adopted in creating the life we know will arguably never truly end. It is, after all, part of the search for our own origin.
Chitosan‐polyvinyl alcohol‐sulfonated polyethersulfone mixed‐matrix membranes as methanol‐barrier electrolytes for DMFCs
Authors: Meenakshi S. , Bhat S. D. , Sahu A. K. , Sridhar P. , Pitchumani S. , Shukla A. K.
Published: December 2011

Chitosan (CS)‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross‐linked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) and modified with sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) mixed‐matrix membranes are reported for their application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Polyethersulfone (PES) is sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid and factors affecting the sulfonation reaction, such as time and temperature, are studied. The ion‐exchange capacity, degree of sulfonation, sorption, and proton conductivity for the mixed‐matrix membranes are investigated. The mixed‐matrix membranes are also characterised for their mechanical and thermal properties. The methanol‐crossover flux across the mixed‐matrix membranes is studied by measuring the mass balance of methanol using the density meter. The methanol cross‐over for these membranes is found to be about 33% lower in relation to Nafion‐117 membrane. The DMFC employing CS‐PVA‐SPES mixed‐matrix membrane with an optimum content of 25 wt % SPES delivers a peak power‐density of 5.5 mW cm−2 at a load current‐density of 25 mA cm−2 while operating at 70°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
In situ polymerization and photophysical properties of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Zhou Chengjun , Qiu Xueying , Zhuang Qixin , Han Zhewen , Wu Qinglin
Published: December 2011

Poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PBO‐MWCNT) composites with different MWCNT compositions were prepared through in situ polymerization of PBO in the presence of carboxylated MWCNTs. The nanocomposite's structure, thermal and photophysical properties were investigated and compared with their blend counterparts (PBO/MWCNT) using Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV‐vis absorption, and photoluminescence. The results showed that MWCNTs had a strong interaction with PBO through covalent bonding. The incorporation of MWCNTs increased the distance between two neighboring PBO chains and also improved the thermal resistance of PBO. The investigation of UV‐vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra exhibited that in situ PBO‐MWCNT composites had a stronger absorbance and obvious trend of red‐shift compared with blend PBO/MWCNT composites for all compositions. This behavior can be attributed to the efficient energy transfer through forming conjugated bonding interactions in the PBO‐MWCNT composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Crystal structure and orientation of uniaxially and biaxially oriented PLA and PP nanoclay composite films
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed H. , Ajji Abdellah
Published: December 2011

Cast films of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) with 2.5 and 5 wt % organo modified nanoclay were prepared and then uniaxially and biaxially hot drawn at T = 90 and 155°C, respectively, using a biaxial stretcher. The orientation of PLA and PP crystal unit cells, alignment of clay platelets, as well as the extent of intercalation and exfoliation were studied using wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The measurement of d‐spacing of the 001 plane (normal to platelets plane) of the clay tactoids indicated the intercalation of the silicate layers for the PLA nanocomposite films, whereas the PP nanofilled films showed only dispersion of the nanoparticles (i.e., neither intercalation nor exfoliation were observed). The intercalation level of the clay platelets in PLA was almost identical for the uniaxially and biaxially drawn films. Our finding showed that the crystallite unit cell alignments are appreciably dependent on uniaxial and biaxial stretching. Moreover, the incorporation of clay to some extent influenced the orientation of the crystal unit cell axes (a, b, and c) of the oriented films. The silicate layers revealed a much higher orientation into the flow direction in the uniaxially stretched films compared to the biaxially drawn samples. In addition, the orientation of the 001 plane of nanoclays was significantly greater in the PLA compared to the PP nanoclay composite films probably due to a better intercalation and stress transfer in the former. Morphological pictograms illustrating the effects of uniaxial and biaxial stretching on the clay orientation are proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Physiochemical, circular dichroism‐induced helical conformation and optical property of chitosan azo‐based amino methanesulfonate complex
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Koh Joonseok
Published: December 2011

We have demonstrated the efficient procedure for the preparation of chitosan azo‐based amino methanesulfonate complex in isopropyl alcohol under mild condition. The ionic complexation between chitosan and {4‐[(4‐nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl}amino methanesulfonate is confirmed by ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The circular dichroism spectra of chitosan complex showed positive at λ = 298 nm band with 3.88 mdeg having UV absorbance maximum up to a narrow band at λ= 290 nm in dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating that the polymer adopted helical (right handed) secondary structure. Physical properties, thermal stability, and surface morphology were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Optical properties of chitosan complex are evaluated by photoluminescence spectroscopy that showed blue shift (λem) peak at 400 nm at excitation wavelength 325 nm. Overall, it may open new perspectives for the use of chitosan azo‐based biohybrid in biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Co‐culture of stromal and erythroleukemia cells in a perfused hollow fiber bioreactor system as an in vitro bone marrow model for myeloid leukemia
Authors: Usuludin Suaidah Binte Mohamed , Cao Xue , Lim Mayasari
Published: December 2011

We have developed a hematopoietic co‐culture system using the hollow fiber bioreactor (HFBR) as a potential in vitro bone marrow model for evaluating leukemia. Supporting stroma using HS‐5 cells was established in HFBR system and the current bioprocess configuration yielded an average glucose consumption of 640 mg/day and an average protein concentration of 6.40 mg/mL in the extracapillary space over 28 days. Co‐culture with erythroleukemia K562 cells was used as a model for myelo‐leukemic cell proliferation and differentiation. Two distinct localizations of K562 cells (loosely adhered and adherent cells) were identified and characterized after 2 weeks. The HFBR co‐culture resulted in greater leukemic cell expansion (3,130 fold vs. 43 fold) compared to a standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) culture. Majority of expanded cells (68%) in HFBR culture were the adherent population, highlighting the importance of cell–cell contact for myelo‐leukemic proliferation. Differentiation tendencies in TCP favored maturation toward monocyte and erythrocyte lineages but maintained a pool of myeloid progenitors. In contrast, HFBR co‐culture exhibited greater lineage diversity, stimulating monocytic and megakaryocytic differentiation while inhibiting erythroid maturation. With the extensive stromal expansion capacity on hollow fiber surfaces, the HFBR system is able to achieve high cell densities and 3D cell–cell contacts mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment. The proposed in vitro system represents a dynamic and highly scalable 3D co‐culture platform for the study of cell‐stroma dependent hematopoietic/leukemic cell functions and ex vivo expansion. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1248–1258. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drug eluting stenting in bifurcation coronary lesions long‐term results applying a systematic treatment strategy
Authors: Assali Abid R. , Vaknin‐Assa Hana , Lev Eli , Teplitsky Igal , Dvir Danny , Brosh David , Bental Tamir , Battler Alexander , Kornowski Ran
Published: December 2011

Objectives: To explore the long‐term results following implantation of drug‐eluting stents (DES) in bifurcation lesions according to contemporary “real world” practice. Background: Limited information is available on the long‐term outcomes of patients with bifurcation lesions who are treated using DES. A systematic approach for bifurcation lesion management was applied, using either a “provisional” single stent technique or a dedicated two stents strategy according to the side‐branch diameter and severity of its ostial stenosis. Methods: Four hundred one consecutive patients underwent bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using DES and were included in our prospective registry. All adverse events were recorded up to 2 years and distinguished according to the planned PCI strategy (e.g., one versus two stents technique). Results: A planned two stents strategy was used in 141 patients (35% of patients). In 260 patients (65%), the planned treatment involved stenting of the main branch only with “provisional” stenting of the side‐branch according to procedural course. Thus, 24 patients (9.2%) needed additional stenting at the side‐branch to complete the PCI. Cumulative major adverse cardiac event rate at 1 and 2 years was similar for both groups (11.4% vs. 14.8% at 1 year and 19.4% vs. 25.7% at 2 years for the single vs. two stents groups, accordingly, P = NS for both). Likewise, there was no difference in mortality, cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction, need for target lesions or target vessel revascularization, or definite stent thrombosis rate between the two groups at 6, 12, and 2 years follow‐up. The rate of angiographically confirmed (i.e., definite) stent thrombosis did not differ between the two groups during follow‐up. Conclusions: Our study revealed favorable long‐term clinical results following DES implantation using a systematic, rather simplified approach towards bifurcation stenting and using either a single or double stenting technique. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superheated Atomization: Influence of Nozzle Geometry on Mass Flux and Spray Characteristics
Authors: Günther Astrid , Wirth Karl‐Ernst
Published: December 2011

Bei überhitzter Zerstäubung wird die Desintegration des Sprays durch die von thermischer Energie induzierte partielle Verdampfung verstärkt. Der Verdampfungsgrad und die Entstehung großer Einzeltropfen sind von der Düsengeometrie abhängig. Durch Ermittlung der Massenströme und mit optischen Messmethoden werden geometrieabhängige Veränderungen der Strömungscharakteristik und der Spraymorphologie untersucht.
Synthesis and Functional Characterization of Tridegin and Its Analogues: Inhibitors and Substrates of Factor XIIIa
Authors: Böhm Miriam , Kühl Toni , Hardes Kornelia , Coch Richard , Arkona Christoph , Schlott Bernhard , Steinmetzer Torsten , Imhof Diana
Published: December 2011

Tridegin, a 66‐mer peptide isolated from the leech Haementeria ghilianii, is a potent inhibitor of the coagulation factor XIIIa. This paper describes the chemical synthesis of tridegin by two different strategies—solid‐phase assembly and native chemical ligation—both followed by oxidation in solution phase. Tridegin and truncated analogues were examined for their activity and revealed a particular importance of the C‐terminal region of the parent peptide. Based on these studies a minimal sequence required for factor XIIIa inhibition could be identified. Our data revealed that the glutamine residue at position 52 (Q52) of tridegin most likely binds to the active site of factor XIIIa and was therefore suggested to react with the enzyme. The function of the N‐terminal region is also discussed, as the isolated C‐terminal segment of tridegin lost its inhibitory activity rapidly in the presence of factor XIIIa, whereas this was not the case for the full‐length inhibitor.