bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of vegetation growth and drought conditions using satellite-based vegetation health indices in Jing-Jin-Ji region of China
Authors: Jiang Rengui , Liang Jichao , Zhao Yong , Wang Hao , Xie Jiancang , Lu Xixi , Li Fawen
Published: July 2021

Terrestrial vegetation growth activity plays pivotal roles on regional development, which has attracted wide attention especially in water resources shortage areas. The paper investigated the spatiotemporal change characteristics of vegetation growth activity using satellite-based Vegetation Health Indices (VHIs) including smoothed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (SMN), smoothed Brightness Temperature (SMT), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and VHI, based on 7-day composite temporal resolution and 16 km spatial resolution gridded data, and also estimated the drought conditions for the period of 1982–2016 in Jing-Jin-Ji region of China. The Niño 3.4 was used as a substitution of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to reveal vegetation sensitivity to ENSO using correlation and wavelet analysis. Results indicated that monthly SMN has increased throughout the year especially during growing season, starts at approximate April and ends at about October. The correlation analysis between SMN and SMT, SMN and precipitation indicated that the vegetation growth was affected by joint effects of temperature and precipitation. The VCI during growing season was positive trends dominated and vice versa for TCI. The relationships between VHIs and drought make it possible to identify and quantify drought intensity, duration and affected area using different ranges of VHIs. Generally, the intensity and affected area of drought had mainly decreased, but the trends varied for different drought intensities, regions and time periods. Large-scale global climate anomalies such as Niño 3.4 exerted obvious impacts on the VHIs. The Niño 3.4 was mainly negatively correlated to VCI and positively correlated to TCI, and the spatial distributions of areas with positive (negative) correlation coefficients were mainly opposite. The linear relationships between Niño 3.4 and VHIs were in accordance with results of nonlinear relationships revealed using wavelet analysis. The results are of great importance to assess the vegetation growth activity, to monitor and quantify drought using satellite-based VHIs in Jing-Jin-Ji region.
Statistical learning of target selection and distractor suppression shape attentional priority according to different timeframes
Authors: Di Caro Valeria , Della Libera Chiara
Published: July 2021

Recent findings suggest that attentional and oculomotor control is heavily affected by past experience, giving rise to selection and suppression history effects, so that target selection is facilitated if they appear at frequently attended locations, and distractor filtering is facilitated at frequently ignored locations. While selection history effects once instantiated seem to be long-lasting, whether suppression history is similarly durable is still debated. We assessed the permanence of these effects in a unique experimental setting investigating eye-movements, where the locations associated with statistical unbalances were exclusively linked with either target selection or distractor suppression. Experiment 1 and 2 explored the survival of suppression history in the long and in the short term, respectively, revealing that its lingering traces are relatively short lived. Experiment 3 showed that in the very same experimental context, selection history effects were long lasting. These results seem to suggest that different mechanisms support the learning-induced plasticity triggered by selection and suppression history. Specifically, while selection history may depend on lasting changes within stored representations of the visual space, suppression history effects hinge instead on a functional plasticity which is transient in nature, and involves spatial representations which are constantly updated and adaptively sustain ongoing oculomotor control.
A rapid variant-tolerant reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the point of care detection of HIV-1
Authors: Li Yingxue , Chen Xin , Zhao Yongjuan , Wan Zhenzhou , Zeng Yi , Ma Yingying , Zhou Lianqun , Xu Gaolian , Reboud Julien , Cooper Jonathan M. , Zhang Chiyu
Published: July 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid variant mutations challenges diagnostic assays. Our variant-tolerant isothermal nucleic acid based amplification technique enables reliable detection at the point-of-care.
Real-time detection of copper contaminants in environmental water using porous silicon Fabry–Pérot interferometers
Authors: Bismuth Mike , Zaltzer Eytan , Muthukumar Divagar , Suckeveriene Ran , Shtenberg Giorgi
Published: July 2021

Label-free detection of copper contaminants in environmental water samples using multilayered polyethylenimine porous silicon Fabry–Pérot interferometers for real-life scenarios.
Iron and nitrogen-co-doped carbon quantum dots for the sensitive and selective detection of hematin and ferric ions and cell imaging
Authors: Wu Yuqing , Cao Lei , Zan Minghui , Hou Zheng , Ge Mingfeng , Dong Wen-Fei , Li Li
Published: July 2021

Schematic diagram for the detection of ferric ions and hematin by Fe,N-CDs.
Deoxyfluorination of alcohols with aryl fluorosulfonates
Authors: Wang Xiu , Zhou Min , Liu Qinghe , Ni Chuanfa , Fei Zhongbo , Li Wei , Hu Jinbo
Published: July 2021

Aryl fluorosulfonates are developed as a deoxyfluorinating reagent in the transformation of primary and secondary alcohols into the corresponding alkyl fluorides.
Selection of a self-cleaving ribozyme activated in a chemically and thermally denaturing environment
Authors: Ma Lingzi , Huang Zhicheng , Liu Juewen
Published: July 2021

A self-cleaving ribozyme was obtained from in vitro selection, displaying site-specific cleavage activity under various denaturing conditions, such as high temperatures, 20 M formamide, and low salt concentrations.
Single-layer CoFe hydroxides for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhou Yi , Hu Jialai , Li Dan , Gao Qingsheng
Published: July 2021

Single-layer CoFe layered double hydroxides are successfully fabricated under near-anhydrous conditions, and accomplish superior OER activity compared to most of the non-precious electrocatalysts.
Bicolour fluorescent molecular sensors for cations: design and experimental validation
Authors: Freixa Zoraida , Rivilla Iván , Monrabal Francesc , Gómez-Cadenas Juan J. , Cossío Fernando P.
Published: July 2021

In this perspective the main design criteria of fluorescent bicolour sensors for metallic cations are presented, as well as selected examples illustrating the high efficiency and versatility of this technique.
Unravelling the nature of a toluene–fumaronitrile complex
Authors: Kałka Andrzej J. , Brela Mateusz Z. , Turek Andrzej M.
Published: July 2021

The anomalous increase of absorbance in the near UV region, observed when fumaronitrile is dissolved in toluene, results from the formation of an adduct, in which the photoinduced intermolecular charge-transfer process occurs.
TiO2 protection layer and well-matched interfaces enhance the stability of Cu2ZnSnS4/CdS/TiO2 for visible light driven water splitting
Authors: Zhang Xuqiang , Lu Gongxuan , Wu Yuqi , Dong Jiali , Wang Chengwei
Published: July 2021

Cu2ZnSnS4-Based heterostructure materials present broad spectral absorption and a high absorption coefficient in the visible region; however, their photocatalytic activity and stability are still impeded due to photochemical corrosion.
Recent developments in organic–inorganic hybrid metal phosphates and phosphites
Authors: Li Ying , Li Han-Ying , Chang Kai-Chi , Lin Hsiu-Mei , Wang Chih-Min
Published: July 2021

This frontier article highlights recent advances in synthesis and characterization of organic–inorganic hybrid metal phosphates and phosphites. The synthetic strategies and structural stabilities of hybrid composites blended with stable crystalline compounds are presented.
Exploring the structure–property schemes in anion–π systems of d-block metalates
Authors: Kuzniak-Glanowska Emilia , Kobylarczyk Jedrzej , Jedrzejowska Katarzyna , Glosz Dorota , Podgajny Robert
Published: July 2021

The emerging picturesque landscape of anion–π systems involving d-block metalates (cyanidometalates, halogenometalates, polyoxometalates) is presented based on a literature review and the personal research experience of the authors.
Diverse reactions of a fluorostannylenoid towards ethynes
Authors: Yan Liping , Yan Chenting , Xu Jian , Yang Lele , Bian Gaofeng , Wang Liliang , Kira Mitsuo , Li Zhifang
Published: July 2021

Fluoro(dialkyl)stannylenoid2exhibits unique reactivity towards ethynes with acetylenic hydrogen and those with trimethylsilyl groups giving the corresponding 1 : 2 adducts.
Dehydrohalogenation reactions in second-sphere coordination complexes
Authors: Martí-Rujas Javier , Guo Fang
Published: July 2021

An overview on the latest advances in dehydrohalogenation and hydrohalogenation reactions in the solid-state involving hydrogen bonded outer sphere halometallates salts is reported.
Concentrated dual-cation electrolyte strategy for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yunpei , Yin Jun , Zheng Xueli , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Lei Yongjiu , Mohammed Omar F. , Cui Yi , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: July 2021

A dual-cation concentrated electrolyte has been developed to enable a stable Zn anode and a vanadium-oxide-based cathode for efficient aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
Protocatechuic acid influences immune-metabolic changes in the adipose tissue of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Scazzocchio Beatrice , Filardi Tiziana , Varì Rosaria , Brunelli Roberto , Galoppi Paola , Morano Susanna , Masella Roberta , Santangelo Carmela
Published: July 2021

Protocatechuic acid increased glucose uptake by p38MAPKinase activation, and rebalanced the inflammatory status by stimulating adiponectin release and reducing VPAC2 in adipose tissue explants from women with GDM.
Nanoparticles composed of the tea polysaccharide-complexed cationic vitamin B12-conjugated glycogen derivative
Authors: Mao Xuhong , Long Lingli , Shen Juncheng , Lin Kunhua , Yin Lin , Yi Juzhen , Zhang Li-Ming , Deng David Y. B. , Yang Liqun
Published: July 2021

Tea polysaccharides exhibit multiple important bioactivities, but very few of them can be absorbed through the small intestine.
A ruthenium-inserted hydrotalcite (Ru-HT) heterogeneous catalyst: kinetic studies on the selective hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid
Authors: Maru Minaxi S. , Ram Sanwala , Khan Noor-ul H. , Shukla Ram S.
Published: July 2021

Kinetic studies have been carried out for an effective and recyclable heterogeneous Ru-HT catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid without a base. A TON of 11 389 was successfully achieved in 24 h at 60 °C and 60 bar pressure in a MeOH:H2O mixed solvent.
α-C–H functionalization of tertiary amines catalyzed/promoted by molecular iodine/derivatives
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Saikia B. Shriya , Borpatra Paran J. , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: July 2021

A recent review on the α-C–H functionalization of tertiary amines using low-cost and benign I2 or its derivatives.
Evidence of surfactant sub-monolayer adsorption at the air/water interface provided by laser scattering measurements of ultrafine gas bubbles
Authors: Phan An Hoang Thien , Le Khoa Cong Minh , Le Thi Ho , Nguyen Anh Van , Nguyen Khoi Tan
Published: July 2021

As the SDS concentration increases in bubble rich solutions, the surfactant layer alters its size and refractive index. The scattered light enhancement and SFG signal cancellation prove that sub-monolayer adsorption exists at the air/water interface.
Lamellar carbon-aluminosilicate nanocomposites with macroscopic orientation
Authors: Paripović Dragana , Hartmann Lucia , Steinrück Hans-Georg , Magerl Andreas , Li-Destri Giovanni , Fontana Yannik , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , Oveisi Emad , Bomal Enzo , Frauenrath Holger
Published: July 2021

A liquid-crystalline hexaphenylene amphiphile and an aluminosilicate precursor were co-assembled and pyrolyzed to form carbon-aluminosilicate nanocomposites with controlled lamellar orientation and macroscopic order.
How stereochemistry of lipid components can affect lipid organization and the route of liposome internalization into cells
Authors: Borocci Stefano , Bozzuto Giuseppina , Bombelli Cecilia , Ceccacci Francesca , Formisano Giuseppe , Stringaro Annarita , Molinari Agnese , Mancini Giovanna
Published: July 2021

Lipid stereochemistry was shown to drive cell internalization of liposomes through either clathrin or caveolae. Molecular dynamic simulations highlighted molecular interactions that affect physicochemical and biological features of liposomes.
Shallow implanted SiC spin qubits used for sensing an internal spin bath and external YIG spins
Authors: Tribollet Jérôme , Muller Dominique , Roques Stéphane , Bartringer Jérémy , Fix Thomas
Published: July 2021

Shallow VSi (V2) spin qubits are created below the SiC surface by low energy ion implantation through a sacrificial SiO2layer. A shallow V2 spin coherence time of 220 μs at 100 K is demonstrated, as well as sensing of external YIG spins.
Metal-free transamidation of benzoylpyrrolidin-2-one and amines under aqueous conditions
Authors: Joseph Devaneyan , Park Myeong Seong , Lee Sunwoo
Published: July 2021

N-Acyl lactam amides, such as benzoylpyrrolidin-2-one, benzoylpiperidin-2-one, and benzoylazepan-2-one reacted with amines in the presence of DTBP and TBAI to afford the transamidated products in good yields.
Fluorescent 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's bases (TBNaps) possessing (orthogonal) ‘α-amino acids’, esters and di-peptides and their solvent dependent photophysical properties
Authors: Murphy Samantha A. , Phelan Caroline A. , Veale Emma B. , Kotova Oxana , Comby Steve , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: July 2021

The synthesis of fifteen bis-naphthalimide based Tröger's bases (TBNaps) possessing α-amino acids, esters or dipeptides, from 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide is described.
Growth of robust metal–organic framework films by spontaneous oxidation of a metal substrate for NO2 sensing
Authors: Zhang Jun , Hu Enlai , Liu Fang , Li Hongjun , Xia Tifeng
Published: July 2021

A fluorescent MOF film as a NO2 sensor was synthesized by spontaneous oxidation of a metal substrate, demonstrating the bright prospect of this new MOF film-fabricating strategy.
Novel prism shaped C3N4-doped Fe@Co3O4 nanocomposites and their dye degradation and bactericidal potential with molecular docking study
Authors: Ali Ahmad Syed Ossama , Ikram Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Naz Sadia , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Haider Ali , Shahzadi Anum , Haider Junaid
Published: July 2021

This study provides new insights into the use of cobalt-based heterojunction photocatalysts for dye degradation and antibacterial applications (a) synthesis mechanism of C3N4 (b) schematic of synthesis route adopted for fabrication of nanocomposites.
Drug repurposing and computational modeling for discovery of inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Silva José Rogério A. , Kruger Hendrik G. , Molfetta Fábio A.
Published: July 2021

Structural and energetic features explain why some drugs can be repositioned to inhibit Mpro from SARS-CoV-2.
Oxygen atom transfer promoted nitrate to nitric oxide transformation: a step-wise reduction of nitrate → nitrite → nitric oxide
Authors: Kulbir  , Das Sandip , Devi Tarali , Goswami Mrigaraj , Yenuganti Mahesh , Bhardwaj Prabhakar , Ghosh Somnath , Chandra Sahoo Subash , Kumar Pankaj
Published: July 2021

Single metal-induced reduction of NO3− → {NO2−} → NO via oxygen atom transfer reaction.
Pyridylphosphonium salts as alternatives to cyanopyridines in radical–radical coupling reactions
Authors: Greenwood Jacob W. , Boyle Benjamin T. , McNally Andrew
Published: July 2021

Cyanopyridines form dearomatized radical anions upon single-electron reduction and participate in photoredox coupling reactions. Pyridylphosphonium salts replicate that reactivity with a broader scope and increase the utility of these processes.
One-step hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 1,2,6-hexanetriol using a Pt@MIL-53-derived Pt@Al2O3 catalyst and NaBH4 in aqueous media
Authors: Matsagar Babasaheb M. , Sung Hsiang-L. , Yeh Jyun-Yi , Chen Ching-Tien , Wu Kevin C.-W.
Published: July 2021

We report a one-step facile 1,2,6-hexanetriol synthesis from HMF under milder conditions using an Pt@Al2O3 catalyst.
Construction of highly efficient new binder-free bimetallic metal–organic framework symmetric supercapacitors: considering surface statistical and morphological analyses
Authors: Ghamari Fatemeh , Raoufi Davood , Alizadeh Saber , Arjomandi Jalal , Nematollahi Davood
Published: July 2021

Highly efficient new binder-free bimetallic metal–organic framework (bi-MMOF) symmetric supercapacitors were fabricated.
A review on the recent advances in hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Chatterjee Dhruba P. , Nandi Arun K.
Published: July 2021

Faradaic and non-faradaic energy storage mechanisms, impact of the nano-structuring of electrode materials and state-of-art applications in robotics,etc.of hybrid supercapacitors, and their coupling with batteries and solar cells are elucidated.
A two-dimensional MoSe2/MoSi2N4 van der Waals heterostructure with high carrier mobility and diversified regulation of its electronic properties
Authors: Cai Xiaolin , Zhang Zhengwen , Zhu Yingying , Lin Long , Yu Weiyang , Wang Qin , Yang Xuefeng , Jia Xingtao , Jia Yu
Published: July 2021

Using first-principles calculations, we design a novel 2D vertical MoSe2/MoSi2N4 vdWH, which has high carrier mobility up to 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 and easily tunable electronic properties.
Single‐pole fault line selection method for MVDC distribution grid based on 0‐mode power
Authors: Gao Shuping , Shao Mingxing , Song Guobing , Xu Zhenxi , Duan Bicong
Published: July 2021

At present, the MVDC distribution grid is developing rapidly and relay protection is the key technology to ensure stable operation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the fault line selection method. Firstly, the fault characteristics are analysed when a fault occurs in the line, and a novel single‐pole fault line selection method is proposed based on 0‐mode power. The polarity of current fault component measured at the terminal of each line is used to identify the internal and external faults. And the 0‐mode power is used to select the faulty line. Finally, to verify the correctness of the proposed method, a radial MVDC distribution grid is built in PSCAD to output fault data in different fault conditions, and the fault line selection algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed method is fast, effective, reliable and it has a certain degree of tolerance to transition resistance with a strong anti‐data delay and anti‐interference ability. Moreover, the fault line selection method proposed in this paper can still correctly select the fault line in the case of serious faults such as multiple line faults, sudden removal of lines, and sudden changes in photovoltaic output power.
An unsupervised generative adversarial network for single image deraining
Authors: Song Zhiying , Guo Yuting , Ma Zifan , Tang Ruocong , Liu Linfeng
Published: July 2021

As the basis of image processing, single image deraining has always been a significant and challenging issue. Due to the lack of real rainy images and corresponding clean images, most deraining networks are trained by synthetic datasets, which makes the output images unsatisfactory in real applications. Besides, note that a heavy rainfall is typically accompanied with some fog. Although some deraining networks have been proposed to remove the rain streaks in the rainy images, the output images may still be blurred due to the accompanied fog. In this paper, these problems existing in single image deraining is comprehensively considered, and propose a Cycle‐Derain network based on an unsupervised attention‐guided mechanism. Specifically, the Cycle‐Derain network takes advantage of generative adversarial networks with two mappings and the cycle consistency loss to train both unpaired rainy images and rain‐free images. Moreover, it introduces an unsupervised attention‐guided mechanism and exploits the loop‐search positioning algorithm to deal with the details of rain and fog in images. Extensive experiments have been carried out, and the results show that the proposed Cycle‐Derain network is preferable compared with other deraining networks, especially in term of rainy image restoration.
Crosstalk in modern software defined radio for the implementation of frequency modulated continuous wave radar
Authors: Butt Faran Awais , Ritchie Matthew , Griffiths Hugh , Li Wenda , Naqvi Ijaz Haider
Published: July 2021

This study investigates crosstalk and leakage in the Software Defined Radio implementation of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar systems. Empirical measurements of leakage power were conducted during the implementation of FMCW radar using National Instruments Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) boards. Mono‐static and bi‐static/distributed Transmitter‐Receiver configurations are compared for low power micro‐Doppler applications. The impact of crosstalk on the dynamic range of the target is also investigated. The impact of electric noise generated by a windy source on the receiving USRP is also investigated. Furthermore, a simple splitter based approach is proposed to overcome the challenge of synchronisation or recovery of transmitted waveform in distributed configurations.
Hemispheric sunspot numbers 1874–2020
Authors: Veronig Astrid M. , Jain Shantanu , Podladchikova Tatiana , Pötzi Werner , Clette Frederic
Published: July 2021

Context. Previous studies show significant north–south asymmetries for various features and indicators of solar activity. These findings suggest some decoupling between the two hemispheres over the solar cycle evolution, which is in agreement with dynamo theories. For the most important solar activity index, the sunspot numbers, so far only limited data are available for the two hemispheres independently.

Aims. The aim of this study is to create a continuous series of daily and monthly hemispheric sunspot numbers (HSNs) from 1874 to 2020, which will be continuously expanded in the future with the HSNs provided by SILSO.

Methods. Based on the available daily measurements of hemispheric sunspot areas from 1874 to 2016 from Greenwich Royal Observatory and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we derive the relative fractions of the northern and southern activity. These fractions are applied to the international sunspot number (ISN) to derive the HSNs. This method and obtained data are validated against published HSNs for the period 1945–2004 and those provided by SILSO for 1992 to 2016.

Results. We provide a continuous data series and catalogue of daily, monthly mean, and 13-month smoothed monthly mean HSNs for the time range 1874–2020 –fully covering solar cycles 12 to 24– that are consistent with the newly calibrated ISN (Clette et al., 2014). Validation of the reconstructed HSNs against the direct data available since 1945 reveals a high level of consistency, with Pearson correlation coefficients of r = 0.94 (0.97) for the daily (monthly mean) data. The cumulative hemispheric asymmetries for cycles 12–24 give a mean value of 16%, with no obvious pattern in north–south predominance over the cycle evolution. The strongest asymmetry occurs for cycle no. 19, in which the northern hemisphere shows a cumulated predominance of 42%. The phase shift between the peaks of solar activity in the two hemispheres may be up to 28 months, with a mean absolute value over cycles 12–24 of 16.8 months. The phase shifts reveal an overall asymmetry of the northern hemisphere reaching its cycle maximum earlier (in 10 out of 13 cases), with a mean signed phase shift of −7.6 months. Relating the ISN and HSN peak growth rates during the cycle rise phase with the cycle amplitude reveals higher correlations when considering the two hemispheres individually, with r ≈ 0.9.

Conclusions. Our findings provide further evidence that to some degree the solar cycle evolves independently in the two hemispheres, and demonstrate that empirical solar cycle prediction methods can be improved by investigating the solar cycle dynamics in terms of the HSN evolution.
Modern principles of strategic planning for the central part development in Tambov
Authors: Savinov Yaroslav , Ledenev Victor , AL-Bukhaiti Ali Yahya Nasser , Keita Yaya , Umnova Olga
Published: July 2021

Unfortunately, modern mass construction does not take into account all the influencing factors on buildings, however, considerable experience has been accumulated over the past decades of design, construction and operation. A method of zoning the central part of the city, taking into account the peculiarities of the engineering-geological and hydrogeological structure of the territory, the terrain, the nature of the development and the technical condition of buildings, has been proposed. Significant areas of dilapidated housing have been marked. The concept of strategic planning and the rules for the development of promising areas in the central part of Tambov, taking into account the peculiarities of its structure, have been developed. These recommendations are universal and can be used in the construction of residential quarters in the cities in the European part of Russia and Europe.
Living environment originality in the historical center of the settlement on the Kuban example
Authors: Subbotin Oleg
Published: July 2021

The historical center of the settlement, its unique buildings, natural landscape, as well as the objects of architectural heritage from the point of view of national culture are considered. In the process of system analysis, the urban identity of the historical center was revealed from the standpoint of the living environment quality. It is indicated that one of the main tasks in the strategic planning of the historical center is the organization of its attractive space, in the context of creating a high level of living environment, the activity of cultural pastime. Particular attention is focused on the need to preserve the historical center, which is an important planning link in the urban planning structure of the settlement.
Development of the cultural and educational complex “Theatron”, integrated into the historical environment of the youth theater building in Kazan
Authors: Panov Valery , Gladysheva Margarita , Razumov Andrey
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the design features of a new type of multifunctional object Theatron in the context of the existing historical urban environment. The formation of a typologically new object is due to the increased attention of people to cultural and entertainment institutions offering a wide range of services. The need for proper integration of modern architecture into the existing historical development of the city is one of the most important tasks facing the architect. The authors proposed architectural and planning solutions and the creation of recreational space. Since many theater and entertainment structures are located in memorial sites of national significance, or are themselves valuable historical heritage, the reconstruction of theater buildings is a constant and inevitable phenomenon in all countries and is associated with complex controversial issues of simultaneous preservation and the existing buildings’ improvement. In this regard, there is a constant need to “fit” such old buildings to the lifestyle of the modern audience and modern production methods of theaters in the XX-XXI centuries. Due to the technology development, the technology of demonstration space, stage equipment and engineering equipment of the entire building have changed. In addition, serious urban development problems have also emerged over the years. The city scale has changed, the population has increased, and there is a rapidly growing tourist flow. Transport has changed, Parking lots for cars, communication with the metro, landing stages for unloading decorations and other cargo were needed. There are also aesthetic urban planning problems that do not allow freely, unreasonably expand the building, add the new volumes. This work can contribute to the further development and improvement of the proposed methodology for designing public cultural objects.
Formation and treatment features of oil-fields waste water
Authors: Alekseev Evgeny
Published: July 2021

The oil-fields development and operation can be associated with high water consumption and waste water emission. Most of the pollutants come from drilling and formation waters. At the same time, a significant proportion of solid dispersed pollutants is accounted for drilling waste water. Formation waters are the main source of oil contaminants. The technological processes of oil-field waste water treatment are based on gravity separation. In the context of increasing the environmental requirements for production activities, especially in the regions with low average annual temperatures and, accordingly, slow processes of ecosystems’ self-cleaning, the problem of environment reliable protection arises. Gravity separation methods cannot provide the required quality of waste water treatment. Modern achievements in the field of baromembrane technologies and high salinity of waste water make it most effective and expedient to use membrane and electrochemical methods of waste water treatment.
Investigation of the process of reducing air pollution when crushing gravel
Authors: Samarskaya Natalia , Gurova Oksana
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring the environmental safety of enterprises for the production of building materials on the basis of modeling the reducing air pollution process. During the analysis of the technological process for the production of crushed stone from gravel, a source of emission that makes the greatest contribution to air pollution, was identified. Physical models of pollution and reduction of air pollution with mineral dust have been developed. The experimental studies’ results of dust dispersed composition are presented. It was found that in the process of reducing air pollution, one type of dispersed system is transformed into another due to a forced change in its stability.
Hodgkin-Lymphom
Authors: Bischoff Angelika
Published: July 2021

Auf einer Online-Präsentation des Kompetenznetzes Maligne Lymphome e.V. (KML) zum ASH 2020 stellte Prof. Peter Borchmann, Köln, neue Daten zur Therapie des Hodgkin-Lymphoms vor. Hier ging es um die PET-adaptierte Therapie in fortgeschrittenen bzw. intermediären Stadien und eine neue Option in der Rezidivtherapie.
Integration immuntherapeutischer Ansätze in individuelle Behandlungsansätze bei rezidivierten Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Büntzel Jens
Published: July 2021

10–20 % aller Kopf-Hals-Tumorpatienten erleiden ein lokales oder lokoregionäres Rezidiv. Gute Ergebnisse haben hier lokale Verfahren wie eine nochmalige Strahlentherapie, Resektion oder ablative Chirurgie, inklusive der photodynamischen Therapie. Seit einigen Jahren kommen auch Immuntherapeutika (Checkpoint-Inhibitoren, EGFRInhibitoren) immer früher bei diesen Patienten zum Einsatz. Dies führt zu wesentlichen längeren Krankheitsverläufen mit breiten Kombinationsmöglichkeiten einerseits (Kasuistik 1), andererseits sind neue Interaktionen zu beachten (Kasuistik 2). Insbesondere bei aktiven Patienten mit diversen komplementärmedizinischen Behandlungsansätzen müssen diese Wechselwirkungen kritisch beachtet und hinterfragt werden.
The Proteolytic Inactivation of Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor by Neutrophil Elastase Might Promote the Procoagulant Activity of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis
Authors: Bianchini Elsa P. , Razanakolona Mahita , Helms Julie , Zouiti Fouzia , Couteau-Chardon Amélie , Marin-Esteban Viviana , Chaisemartin Luc de , De-Carvalho Allan , Bironien Roselyne , Chollet-Martin Sylvie , Denis Cécile V. , Diehl Jean-Luc , Vasse Marc , Meziani Ferhat , Borgel Delphine
Published: July 2021

Septic shock is the archetypal clinical setting in which extensive crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation dysregulates the latter. The main anticoagulant systems are systematically impaired, depleted, and/or downregulated. Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is an anticoagulant serpin that not only targets coagulation factors Xa and XIa but also acts as an acute phase reactant whose plasma concentration rises in inflammatory settings. The objective of the present study was to assess the plasma ZPI antigen level in a cohort of patients suffering from septic shock with or without overt-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The plasma ZPI antigen level was approximately 2.5-fold higher in the patient group (n = 100; 38 with DIC and 62 without) than in healthy controls (n = 31). The elevation's magnitude did not appear to depend on the presence/absence of DIC. Furthermore, Western blots revealed the presence of cleaved ZPI in plasma from patients with severe sepsis, independently of the DIC status. In vitro, ZPI was proteolytically inactivated by purified neutrophil elastase (NE) and by NE on the surface of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The electrophoretic pattern of ZPI after NE-catalyzed proteolysis was very similar to that resulting from the clotting process—suggesting that the cleaved ZPI observed in severe sepsis plasma is devoid of anticoagulant activity. Taken as a whole, our results (1) suggest that NE is involved in ZPI inactivation during sepsis, and (2) reveal a novel putative mechanism for the procoagulant activity of NETs in immunothrombosis.
First Lumbrical Muscle Flap for Recurrence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Anatomical Study and Surgical Technique
Authors: Tormos Esther Fernández , Montoya Fernando Corella , Cereceda Blanca Del Campo , Hernández Montserrat Ocampos , Osorio Teresa Vázquez , Garijo Ricardo Larrainzar
Published: July 2021

Recurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome implies the reappearance of symptoms after release surgery. If the cause of recurrence is not an incomplete release, but a traction neuritis, the tendency is to add to the revision surgery of the carpal tunnel the use of flaps to cover the median nerve. These flaps establish a physical barrier between the nerve and the rest of the adjacent structures, preventing adhesions, and providing neovascularization and better nerve sliding.

In the present work, we detail a revision surgery in which the first lumbrical muscle is used as a covering flap. This flap has two benefits. Firstly, it acts as a vascularized coverage for the median nerve (avoiding the formation of fibrosis and favoring its sliding); secondly, a structure that takes up space is removed from the carpal tunnel, thus reducing the pressure within it.

Along with the explanation of the technique, the present article provides a detailed description of the anatomical variability of the first lumbrical muscle and its vascularization, as well as the results of a cadaveric study on the location of the vascular pedicle of the first lumbrical muscle.
Alagille Syndrome: A Focused Review on Clinical Features, Genetics, and Treatment
Authors: Kohut Taisa J. , Gilbert Melissa A. , Loomes Kathleen M.
Published: July 2021

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in JAG1 or NOTCH2, which encode fundamental components of the Notch signaling pathway. Clinical features span multiple organ systems including hepatic, cardiac, vascular, renal, skeletal, craniofacial, and ocular, and occur with variable phenotypic penetrance. Genotype–phenotype correlation studies have not yet shown associations between mutation type and clinical manifestations or severity, and it has been hypothesized that modifier genes may modulate the effects of JAG1 and NOTCH2 pathogenic variants. Medical management is supportive, focusing on clinical manifestations of disease, with liver transplant indicated for severe pruritus, liver synthetic dysfunction, portal hypertension, bone fractures, and/or growth failure. New therapeutic approaches are under investigation, including ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors and other approaches that may involve targeted interventions to augment the Notch signaling pathway in involved tissues.
Multiple order spin-wave resonance in composition gradient sputtering FeCoB thin films
Authors: Du Shuai , Liu Meihong , Wang Fanghzou , Li Qiuyue , Ma Xiaoqi , Guo Xinfang , Chen Xiaowen , Yu Jing , Song Yawen , Xu Jie , Li Shandong , Cao Derang
Published: July 2021

FeCoB films with different B doping contents and different thicknesses were deposited by composition gradient sputtering. The results show that in-plane anisotropy fields and exchange constants change with the increasing B contents and increasing thickness, respectively. Both results of the composition-gradient films and the thickness-dependent films and the micromagnetic simulation indicate that multiple order spin-wave resonances are easy to obtain in the films with the large in-plane anisotropy field. We observed four resonance peaks including three perpendicular standing spin waves. The hysteresis loop and magnetic domain results indicate that such films also have good magnetic softness and an in-plane homogeneous domain structure.
24 h-ahead wind speed forecasting using CEEMD-PE and ACO-GA-based deep learning neural network
Authors: Liu Zhuoyi , Hara Ryoichi , Kita Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

Given the fluctuations in wind speed, wind power is always accompanied by uncertainty. An accurate forecasting of wind speed is critical to the effective operation of a power system. A hybrid forecasting system for 24 h-ahead wind speed forecasting is proposed in this article. This system applies complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition to decompose wind speed data and uses permutation entropy to filter and reconstruct the decomposed components. Afterward, the ant colony optimization and genetic algorithms are used to optimize the initial parameters of the recurrent neural network containing the long short-term memory framework. This optimized neural network is then used to forecast the wind speed component and integrate the result. Numerical simulation results show that compared with traditional methods, this hybrid forecasting system has a better 24 h-ahead wind speed forecasting accuracy and a significantly higher forecast stability. This system is implemented by using the TensorFlow and Keras libraries.
Numerical and experimental study on high-speed hydrogen–oxygen combustion gas flow and aerodynamic heating characteristics
Authors: Yu Jiangpeng , Li Jinping , Wang Qiu , Zhang Shizhong , Zhang Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2021

The need to increase the payload capacity of the rockets motivates the development of high-power rocket engines. For a chemical propulsion system, this results in an increasing thermal load on the structure, especially the combustion chamber and nozzle must be able to withstand the extreme thermal load caused by high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas. In order to protect the structure from the effect of increasing heat flux, it is necessary to counteract such effect with more advanced thermal management technology. This requires us to accurately predict the aerodynamic heating of the structure by high-temperature and high-speed combustion gas. In this study, a high-temperature combustion gas tunnel developed in the laboratory is used to produce high-speed combustion gas. Combined with the results of numerical calculation, the flow and aerodynamic heating characteristics of air and hydrogen–oxygen combustion gas under the same total temperature and pressure are analyzed and compared. The comparison revealed that the combustion gas flow in the nozzle has higher static temperature, velocity, and smaller Mach number. When the combustion gas flows around the sphere, the shock standoff distance and stagnation pressure are smaller than those of air, and the wall heat flux is much larger than that of air. The active chemical reaction in the combustion gas makes the aerodynamic heating of the structure more severe. Finally, through the analysis of a large amount of data, a semi-empirical formula for the heat flux of the stagnation point heated by a high-speed hydrogen and oxygen equivalent ratio combustion gas is obtained.
Numerical investigation on the forming and ordering of staggered particle train in a square microchannel
Authors: Liu Jiazheng , Liu Hang , Pan Zhenhai
Published: July 2021

An in-depth understanding of inertial-focusing mechanism is significant to developing high-throughput microfluidic devices. This paper numerically studies the forming and ordering of a staggered particle train in a square microchannel using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. Effects of the particle Reynolds number (Rep) and average length fraction (⟨Lf⟩) are mainly concerned, where ⟨Lf⟩ describes the initial particle concentration. Results reveal that the staggered particle train has two distribution patterns depending on ⟨Lf⟩, namely, Continuous Pattern that particles uniformly distributed in the channel and Discontinuous Pattern that an interruption occurs in the train. A detailed train-forming process is provided. Particles within the train are approximately uniformly distributed in both patterns; thus, influencing factors of this uniform interparticle spacing [(L/D)uni] are investigated. A critical ⟨Lf⟩ (⟨Lf⟩*) is defined, dividing determinants of (L/D)uni into Rep-dependent and ⟨Lf⟩-dependent areas. The flow fields and forces acting on the particles were analyzed for further investigation. Four forces are considered: shear gradient lift force, wall-induced lift force, attractive forces, and repulsive forces. Analysis shows that the latter two forces play an essential role in forming a train and the vortex or counterflow is crucial in determining interparticle spacing. Finally, the lagging, translational, and angular velocities were employed to describe particle dynamic characteristics. These parameters are decisively affected by Rep and slightly by ⟨Lf⟩. Inertial-focusing behaviors of a single particle are also compared. The present study is expected to help understand the inertial-focusing behaviors of staggered particle trains and provide a reference for practical applications of microfluidics devices.
Influence of free-stream turbulence on the aerodynamic performance of a three-dimensional airfoil
Authors: Wang Rui , Xiao Zuoli
Published: July 2021

Influence of free-stream turbulence on flows past a static three-dimensional SD7003 airfoil is numerically investigated via wall-resolved Large-Eddy Simulation (wall-resolved LES). The Reynolds number and Mach number are 60 000 and 0.2, respectively, with the angle of attack (AoA) varying from 4° to 14°. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the effects of intensities and integral length scales of turbulence in the approaching flow on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil. To this end, a synthetic digital filtering technique and a specific source term concept are employed to generate turbulent fluctuations within the incoming flow. It turns out that turbulence with higher intensity in the approaching flow may cause the variations in effective AoAs, which not only postpone flow development but also promote the diversity of flow classifications from an instantaneous point of view. Furthermore, it is shown that the integral length scale has significant and systematic impacts on turbulent fluctuations in the boundary layer. Larger integral length scales tend to result in higher levels of turbulence intensities, which thus induce larger separations at all AoAs.
Enhanced nonreciprocal radiation in Weyl semimetals by attenuated total reflection
Authors: Wu Xiaohu , Yu Haiyan , Wu Feng , Wu Biyuan
Published: July 2021

Recent studies have suggested that Weyl semimetals were the promising materials to verify Kirchhoff’s law for nonreciprocal materials in experiment. Nevertheless, existing designs based on Weyl semimetals could not achieve perfect nonreciprocal radiation around a wavelength of 10 µm at small angles. Therefore, it is of significant importance to design structures that can realize perfect nonreciprocal radiation at a shorter wavelength and smaller angle. Here, by using attenuated total reflection, we demonstrate that perfect nonreciprocal radiation can be realized at a wavelength of 10 µm at an angle of 30°. The difference between directional emissivity and absorptivity is as large as 0.99, which is the best result until now, as far as we know. The perfect nonreciprocal radiation is attributed to the nonreciprocal guided resonances in the Weyl semimetal film, which is confirmed by the distribution of magnetic field and dispersion relation. Such a design is promising in verifying Kirchhoff’s law for nonreciprocal materials in experiment.
Utilizing tertiary butyl iodide as an effective film quality enhancing agent for atomic layer deposition of HfO2 dielectric thin films
Authors: Tan Kok Chew , Jung Jaesun , Kim Sojung , Kim Jongmoon , Lee Seok Jong , Park Young-Soo
Published: July 2021

The effects of the initial pulse of tert-butyl iodide as a surfactant in atomic layer deposition of HfO2 using cyclopentadienyl tris(dimethylamino) hafnium, CpHf(NMe2)3, and ozone, O3, are investigated at 320, 300, and 250 °C. The formation of 2-methylpropene and hydrogen iodide from tert-butyl iodide via elimination reactions is the key idea of our effective approach for improving film conformality, film quality, and leakage current simultaneously. Our predicted growth mechanisms, supported by experimental results, suggest that different blocking probabilities by 2-methylpropene and hydrogen iodide on the top and bottom sides of the trench feature with an aspect ratio of 22.6:1 lead to 10% improvement in film conformality. In addition, ligand exchanges between the Hf precursor and hydrogen iodide lead to effective removal of large portions of carbon-containing ligands, resulting in a significant reduction in carbon residues, 76% at 320 °C and 40% at 250 °C, as evidenced by secondary ion mass spectrometry results. An increase in film density is also observed partly due to better completion of surface reactions between –I of Hf–I and O3. In terms of electrical properties, a significant improvement of 95% in leakage current is achieved due to the improvement in the film quality when tert-butyl iodide is employed. The deposited HfO2 film has superior leakage properties of 5.18 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 3 MV/cm, which is below the dynamic random access memory leakage current limit.