bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le « charme de la voix » : topiques du son enchanteur et réflexions musicales au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Sempère Emmanuelle
Published: February 2023

La formule du « Charme de la voix » qui fait le titre d’une pièce de Thomas Corneille de 1657 constitue la matrice topique d’un vaste corpus d’œuvres qui ont interrogé, tout au long de l’âge classique, les pouvoirs de la voix. L’article dégage deux séries de topoï : dans le conte de « La Belle et la bête » et ses réécritures entre les années 1740 et les années 1770, le « charme de la voix » est essentiellement envisagé sous l’angle de la douceur et du processus civilisationnel, tandis que dans la nouvelle de Cazotte, Le Diable amoureux (1772-1776), il apparaît comme une puissance déstabilisatrice en relation avec l’imaginaire de la sorcière.
Chant, cri et aphasie dans la rhétorique sentimentale de Jean-Claude Gorgy (1753-1795)
Authors: Krief Huguette
Published: February 2023

Si le chant est constitutif de l’émotion, selon Rousseau (Dictionnaire de musique), Jean-Claude Gorjy, auteur sentimental à succès de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, en fait le fondement d’une esthétique étroitement liée à la nature. Véritable procédé d’écriture dans ses romans, les chansons à boire, ariettes et complaintes coexistent parfaitement avec un discours romanesque sensible. Le chant étant lié avec l’expérience de la vie, Gorjy y voit aussi l’expression d’une morale populaire, rustique et généreuse. Rêvant de ramener les hommes à la vertu par le chant, le romancier donne à l’expression chantée une valeur politique sous la Révolution française.
Lyres, harpes, luths et cithares : l’instrumentarium du psaume 136, Super flumina Babylonis
Authors: Pascal Jean-Noël
Published: February 2023

Les versets initiaux du Super flumina évoquent le silence contraint des Israélites exilés à Babylone, qui laissent en repos leurs kinnors et refusent de chanter pour leurs vainqueurs. Entre 1700 et 1820, les nombreuses traductions, imitations et paraphrases poétiques déploient, pour orchestrer ce bouleversant silence, tout un instrumentarium dont l’analyse éclaire, par-delà la plus ou moins grande habileté des poètes, l’évolution de la conception de la poésie lyrique.
Isabelle de Charrière romancière et musicienne : musique et topicité
Authors: van Dijk Suzan
Published: February 2023

Cet article discute les deux « champs d’activité » d’Isabelle de Charrière : l’écriture et la musique – notamment la façon dont elle les relie l’une à l’autre. Non seulement elle compose de la musique pour ses propres vers, mais dans ses romans on trouve souvent des personnages (principaux ou secondaires) qui s’occupent de musique, ou l’enseignent à des enfants, notamment à des petites filles. Ce besoin d’enseigner la musique pour que, une fois adultes, les femmes soient capables de « plaire en société » correspond à une norme que la romancière voudrait remettre en question. Dans les romans discutés, ceci vient à l’appui du message qui est central à la publication.
Theory Follows Photography: The Evolving Gaze of Denise Scott Brown
Authors: Meninato Pablo
Published: February 2023

Throughout history, architects have communicated their ideas through writing, drawing, model-making, speculation, and built work. Photography, which appeared in architecture books at the beginning of the 20th century, was mostly considered to be ancillary to the written word. A recent exhibition of photographs by Denise Scott Brown at Tyler School of Art and Architecture in Philadelphia during summer 2021 demonstrates the possibility of another creative and intellectual path for the medium. Photography simultaneously serves as a precedent and catalyst for architectural and urban thinking and theory. This article aims to examine the relationship and continuity between Scott Brown's photographs and the ideas that she conveyed in essays and books. Photography, therefore, becomes the catalyst for writings that integrate disparate topics, such as anthropology, vernaculars, history, and Pop Art, as the iconology of Las Vegas and the changing urban landscape of Philadelphia. Embodying a new creative paradigm, Scott Brown's photography anticipates theory.
To Find a Seat: Tracing the Ideoscape of Seats in the Pathars’ Lifeworld in Penang
Authors: Raman Sanjeh Kumar , Zakaria Safial Aqbar
Published: February 2023

This article examines the roles taken by seats in the buildings that form the lifeworld of Pathars—traditional Tamil goldsmiths—as an ideoscape following their migration to Penang during the British colonial period in the 19th century. This study used a phenomenological ethnography method to bring Pathars’ lived experiences with their physical environment to the forefront, highlighting the subjectiveness of architecture that shapes their lifeworld. The ideoscape of seats is analysed in themes to examine the power and politics of seats in the Pathars’ lifeworlds, including present-day migrant workers. To find a seat is a metaphor that elicits discussion on Pathars’ existential lives and highlights how this community has attempted to negotiate its way as agents of change or to bring the agency to their position in creating spatial norms in place amidst the state reifying its enclaves with essentialised notions of ethnic identity, following the formation of nation-states.
A study of the complexification process of the (s,t)-Perrin sequence
Authors:   Federal University of Ceará, Vieira Renata Passos Machado , Al Francisco Regis Vieira ,   Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Catarino Paula Maria Machado Cruz ,   University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro
Published: February 2023

The present article deals with the study of the generalized (s,t)-Perrin sequence in its complex process. Thus, from the one-dimensional model of the generalized (s,t)-Perrin sequence, imaginary units are inserted, starting with the insertion of unit i, called two-dimensional relations. Altogether, we have the n-dimensional relationships of the generalized (s,t)-Perrin sequence.
Mice and primates use distinct strategies for visual segmentation
Authors: Luongo Francisco J , Liu Lu , Ho Chun Lum Andy , Hesse Janis K , Wekselblatt Joseph B , Lanfranchi Frank F , Huber Daniel , Tsao Doris Y
Published: February 2023

The rodent visual system has attracted great interest in recent years due to its experimental tractability, but the fundamental mechanisms used by the mouse to represent the visual world remain unclear. In the primate, researchers have argued from both behavioral and neural evidence that a key step in visual representation is ‘figure-ground segmentation’, the delineation of figures as distinct from backgrounds. To determine if mice also show behavioral and neural signatures of figure-ground segmentation, we trained mice on a figure-ground segmentation task where figures were defined by gratings and naturalistic textures moving counterphase to the background. Unlike primates, mice were severely limited in their ability to segment figure from ground using the opponent motion cue, with segmentation behavior strongly dependent on the specific carrier pattern. Remarkably, when mice were forced to localize naturalistic patterns defined by opponent motion, they adopted a strategy of brute force memorization of texture patterns. In contrast, primates, including humans, macaques, and mouse lemurs, could readily segment figures independent of carrier pattern using the opponent motion cue. Consistent with mouse behavior, neural responses to the same stimuli recorded in mouse visual areas V1, RL, and LM also did not support texture-invariant segmentation of figures using opponent motion. Modeling revealed that the texture dependence of both the mouse’s behavior and neural responses could be explained by a feedforward neural network lacking explicit segmentation capabilities. These findings reveal a fundamental limitation in the ability of mice to segment visual objects compared to primates.
A comprehensive survey of C. elegans argonaute proteins reveals organism-wide gene regulatory networks and functions
Authors: Seroussi Uri , Lugowski Andrew , Wadi Lina , Lao Robert X , Willis Alexandra R , Zhao Winnie , Sundby Adam E , Charlesworth Amanda G , Reinke Aaron W , Claycomb Julie M
Published: February 2023

Argonaute (AGO) proteins associate with small RNAs to direct their effector function on complementary transcripts. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains an expanded family of 19 functional AGO proteins, many of which have not been fully characterized. In this work, we systematically analyzed every C. elegans AGO using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to introduce GFP::3xFLAG tags. We have characterized the expression patterns of each AGO throughout development, identified small RNA binding complements, and determined the effects of ago loss on small RNA populations and developmental phenotypes. Our analysis indicates stratification of subsets of AGOs into distinct regulatory modules, and integration of our data led us to uncover novel stress-induced fertility and pathogen response phenotypes due to ago loss.
Mirror stimulation in Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius)
Authors: Baciadonna Luigi , Cornero Francesca M. , Clayton Nicola S. , Emery Nathan J.
Published: February 2023

Mirror exposure elicits a wide range of behavioral responses, some of which have been considered as part of possible evidence of mirror self-recognition (MSR). These responses can range from social behaviors, indicating that an animal considers its own reflection as a conspecific, to mirror-guided and self-directed actions. Evidence of MSR has been found categorically in only a few species, such as in magpies, chimpanzees, horses, and elephants. Evidence in corvids is currently debated due to inconsistent findings. In this study, we investigated the reaction of Eurasian jays when presenting them with three mirror-stimulation tasks. Based on the overall behavioral patterns across these three tasks, conclusions about birds’ understanding of a reflective surface, and their perception of the reflection as either themselves or as a conspecific, appear premature. We highlight how the high neophobia of corvids and other methodological constraints might have hindered the likelihood to approach and explore a mirror, preventing the emergence of behaviors typically associated with MSR. Furthermore, we discuss how motivational factors, methodological constraints and species differences should be considered when interpreting behavioral responses to mirrors.
Impact of public sentiments on the transmission of COVID-19 across a geographical gradient
Authors: Agusto Folashade B. , Numfor Eric , Srinivasan Karthik , Iboi Enahoro A. , Fulk Alexander , Saint Onge Jarron M. , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a recently discovered, novel coronavirus, SARS-COV-2. The disease has led to over 81 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, with close to two million deaths. In the current social climate, the risk of COVID-19 infection is driven by individual and public perception of risk and sentiments. A number of factors influences public perception, including an individual’s belief system, prior knowledge about a disease and information about a disease. In this article, we develop a model for COVID-19 using a system of ordinary differential equations following the natural history of the infection. The model uniquely incorporates social behavioral aspects such as quarantine and quarantine violation. The model is further driven by people’s sentiments (positive and negative) which accounts for the influence of disinformation. People’s sentiments were obtained by parsing through and analyzing COVID-19 related tweets from Twitter, a social media platform across six countries. Our results show that our model incorporating public sentiments is able to capture the trend in the trajectory of the epidemic curve of the reported cases. Furthermore, our results show that positive public sentiments reduce disease burden in the community. Our results also show that quarantine violation and early discharge of the infected population amplifies the disease burden on the community. Hence, it is important to account for public sentiment and individual social behavior in epidemic models developed to study diseases like COVID-19.
Key Data Extraction and Scene Data Mining of PE Guiding Videos
Authors: Chen Jie
Published: February 2023

This article is based on data mining research scene data mining in the key data extraction of physical education videos. Combined with the current status of physical education, the application value of scene data mining technology to sports events and physical education is analyzed. The results show that data mining enhances the probability of victory in football matches, basketball matches, and track and field matches, and data mining improves effective frame extraction in sports teaching videos. Data mining is a technology that quickly processes data and information, which improves the effective rate of teaching videos by 7.6%. It is widely used in 98.6% of physical education. The use of data mining in physical education can promote the development of physical education in colleges and universities.
Elaboração de uma ontologia para o desenvolvimento sustentável nas empresas
Authors: Rodrigues Douglas de Souza , de Moraes Thiago Maia Sayão , Da Silveira Dierci Márcio Cunha
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho promove um estudo inédito acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável, sobre como as empresas devem se portar diante dos novos desafios advindos da escassez de recursos e a evolução para o empreendimento social. Para a elaboração desse estudo foram utilizados os conceitos do Triple Bottom Line, da Criação do Conhecimento e da elaboração de diagramas ontológicos para petrificar o conceito de sustentabilidade empresarial. Com o auxílio do software Protégé, disponibilizado pela universidade de Stanford, foram elaborados constructos baseados em classes, para definir o conceito de sustentabilidade aplicável a empresas. Diante da discussão foi inferido que é impossível separar a dimensão social da ambiental e que juntas elas interagem para promover melhorias de produtividade e impactos na lucratividade.
Impact of Nutrient Management on Soil Chemical Properties and Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield
Authors: Neelima Suru , P. Babhulakar Vipin , D. Bhoyar Kajal , Gulabrao Wankhade Monali , Tulshiram Shende Shubhangi
Published: February 2023

The study in relation to “Impact of nutrient management on soil chemical properties and Maize (Zea mays L.) yield” was conducted during the year 2021-22 at Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. Application of optimal doses of inorganic and organic fertilizers to maize at 5 t FYM ha-1 yearly containing 126:58:45 NPK kg ha-1 and 17 kg Zn ha-1 with highest maize yield of 65.00 q ha-1 as compared to the farmers lower yield of 47 q ha-1 without the optimum dose of inorganic and organic fertilizers to maize. Soils of the study area were acidic to neutral in soil reaction, non-saline and non-calcareous in nature, low in organic carbon in both surface and sub-surface layers.
Overview of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor. L), its Economic Importance, Ecological Requirements and Production Constraints in Kenya
Authors: Kazungu Florence Kadzo , Muindi Esther Mwende , Mulinge Jackson Muema
Published: February 2023

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolar (L) Moench) is an important cereal crop grown in arid and semi-arid areas. It is ranked as the fifth key cereal crop globally and acts as a source of grain, animal feed, pasturage, fodder, fiber, fuel, bioethanol, alcoholic beverages as well as building materials.  In Kenya, sorghum production is done mainly by smallholder farmers as a key food and cash crop. Most of the country’s crop production is mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions with an altitude of between 800 and 2,000 m above sea level. The country’s average sorghum yield ranges between 0.7-1ton/ha compared to variety specific average yield of >2 tons/ha. The production is mainly constrained by myriad of factors such as climate change effects, poor agronomic practices, poor fertility management practices, poor pest and disease management, lack of ready markets, lack of organized market infrastructure, poor research- extension- farmer linkages and access to credit facilities as well as poor sorghum processing and value addition technologies. The current work reviews sorghum crop, with emphasis on its biology, economic importance, ecological requirements, current production status in Kenya and production constraints.
Falling Standard of Parenting in the 21st Century: The Way Forward
Authors: Omosehin Foluke Morohunmubo , Haruna Omowunmi Bilikisu , Odeyemi Dare Deji
Published: February 2023

Parenting in the 21st Century is more complex than what was obtainable previously because of the information and technology overload as well as the battle for children’s minds these days, yet the fundamentals of raising children remain the same. The generational shifts or complexities of modern terms cannot negate the role of character as the foundation for building strong communities and nations. It is, therefore, imperative to examine the various factors responsible for the falling standard of parenting in the 21st Century and proffer solutions to them. This paper, therefore, seeks to investigate the factors responsible for the falling standard of parenting in the 21st Century with a view to charting the way forward to avoid the collapse of the 21st Century world.
Linear and Annular Lupus Panniculitis of the Scalp
Authors: Chen Tian , Ma Dong-Lai
Published: February 2023

This case report describes hair loss in a linear pattern toward the frontal scalp, with associated erythema on left forehead.
Robotic General Surgery Trends in the Veterans Health Administration, Community Practice, and Academic Centers From 2013 to 2021
Authors: Mills John , Liebert Cara , Wren Sherry M. , Pratt Janey S. A. , Earley Michelle , Eisenberg Dan
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study compares trends in use of robotic surgery for general surgical procedures among the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), community practice, and academic health centers from 2013 to 2021.
On the design of a constitutively active peptide asparaginyl ligase for facile protein conjugation
Authors: Chua Niying , Wong Yee Hwa , El Sahili Abbas , Liu Chuan Fa , Lescar Julien
Published: February 2023

Peptide asparaginyl ligases (PALs) are precision tools for peptide cyclization, cell‐surface labelling, protein semisynthesis and protein conjugation. PALs are expressed as inactive proenzymes requiring low pH activation. During activation, a large portion of the cap domain of the proenzyme that covers the substrate binding site is proteolytically removed, exposing the active site to solvent and releasing a population of heterogenous active enzymes. The availability of a readily active ligase not requiring acid activation and subsequent purification of active forms would facilitate manufacturing and streamline applications. Here, we engineered the OaAEP1b‐C247A hyperactive ligase via serial truncations along the linker connecting the cap and core domain of the proenzyme. The recombinant expression of the truncated constructs was carried out in Escherichia coli. Following a solubilization/refolding protocol, one truncated construct termed ‘OaAEP1b‐C247A‐∆351’ could be overexpressed in the insoluble fraction, purified, and displayed a level of ligase activity comparable to the acid‐activated OaAEP1b‐C247A enzyme. This constitutively active protein can be stored for up to 2 years at −80 °C and readily used for peptide cyclization and protein conjugation. We were able to express and purify a stable constitutively active asparaginyl ligase that can be stored for months without significant activity loss. The removal of the low pH proenzyme activation step eliminates the heterogeneity introduced by this procedure. The yield of purified recombinant active ligase that can be routinely obtained per 100 mL of E. coli cell culture is about 0.9 mg. This recombinant active ligase can be used to carry out protein conjugation.
Rethinking transformative learning practices to respond to workplace complexities: Toward an integrative framework
Authors: Faller Pierre , Marsick Victoria J.
Published: February 2023

Change always catalyzes organizational members to challenge, reframe, and revisit the assumptions that preside over the work they do. But how do recent changes affect individual and collective organizational transformations? More fundamentally, how can we think about learning and transformation in an organizational environment in perpetual transformation? In this article we examine trends impacting organizations in light of recent thinking by transformative learning scholars interested in organizational change in the midst of complexity. We also revisit our dual approach developed 10 years ago and speculate on an emerging integrative framework for individual and collective transformation better suited to the years to come.
Fabrication and Characterization of Single‐Layer Textile‐Based Flexible Pressure Sensors for Smart Wearable Electronics Applications
Authors: Choudhry Nauman Ali , Shekhar Ravi , Khan Imtiaz Ahmed , Rasheed Abher , Padhye Rajiv , Arnold Lyndon , Wang Lijing
Published: February 2023

Textile‐based sensors have been widely studied for wearable monitoring. The sensor systems demand a large sensing area, flexibility, and scalable fabrication method. Herein, single‐layer piezoresistive sensors are developed by a machine stitching technique using metallic and graphene nanoplatelets‐coated conductive threads and fabrics. The pressure‐sensing mechanism is based on measuring the electrical resistance due to the change in the contact area between the conductive thread and fabric as pressure on the sensor varies. The single‐layer sensor design provides flexibility and overcomes the physical drift of the sensor during human activities, which enhances wearability and performance. The coated textiles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Physical and electromechanical tests are performed on the sensors to evaluate their wearability and sensing performance. The sensors exhibit a wide working range of up to 100 kPa and good sensitivity with excellent durability against repeated mechanical deformations. The application potential of the sensors in real‐time monitoring is demonstrated by embedding them into clothing as a wearable device. Moreover, the effectiveness of the sensors is tested for posture correction. This article suggests a novel technique to fabricate durable, flexible, and highly efficient pressure sensors for smart wearable applications.
Optimization of the Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Characterization of Rare Earth‐Traced Deoxidation Products
Authors: Thiele Kathrin , Musi Robert , Ramesh Babu Shashank , Michelic Susanne K.
Published: February 2023

Tracing by means of the light rare earths (REs), particularly La and Ce, is a state‐of‐the‐art method used to track deoxidation products during the steelmaking process. Traced heterogeneous multiphase inclusions are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) to perform a 2D characterization. The sequential chemical extraction technique is implemented for a 3D investigation to determine traced particles’ actual sizes and shapes. The automated SEM/EDS measurement must be optimized since RE oxides appear brighter in the backscattered electron images due to their high atomic numbers. Therefore, two grayscales are implemented for the detection of RE‐containing multiphase inclusions. Within this technique, individual RE‐traced heterogeneous nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) are counted as separate particles. Thus, the measured NMIs must be recombined, which is achieved using a self‐developed MATLAB tool. The extracted particles are also analyzed by automated and manual SEM/EDS measurements to determine the 3D morphologies and sizes of traced NMIs.
Dispersion‐Enabled Symmetry Switching of Photonic Angular‐Momentum Coupling
Authors: Cai Jixiang , Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Chen Yan , Guo Yinghui , Xie Ting , Feng Xingdong , Jiang Baoshan , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Xiong , Yu Honglin , Luo Xiangang
Published: February 2023

Photonic spin‐orbit interactions describe the interactions between spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum of photons, which play essential roles in subwavelength optics. However, the influence of frequency dispersion on photonic angular‐momentum coupling is rarely studied. Here, by elaborately designing the contribution of the geometric phase and waveguide propagation phase, the dispersion‐enabled symmetry switching of photonic angular‐momentum coupling is experimentally demonstrated. This notion may induce many exotic phenomena and be found in enormous applications, such as the spin‐Hall effect, optical calculation, and wavelength division multiplexing systems. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, two metadevices, a multi‐channel vectorial vortex beam generator and a phase‐only hologram, are applied to experimentally display optical double convolution, which may offer additional degrees of freedom to accelerate computing and a miniaturization configuration for optical convolution without collimation operation. These results may provide a new opportunity for complex vector optical field manipulation and calculation, optical information coding, light‐matter interaction manipulation, and optical communication.
Interfacial Superconductivity and Zero Bias Peak in Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe Heterostructure Nanostructures
Authors: Cheng Man Kit , Ng Cheuk Yin , Ho Sui Lun , Atanov Omargeldi , Tai Wai Ting , Liang Jing , Lortz Rolf , Sou Iam Keong
Published: February 2023

Bismuth telluride/iron telluride (Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe) heterostructures are known to exhibit interfacial superconductivity between two non‐superconducting materials: Fe1+yTe as the parent compound of Fe‐based superconducting materials and the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Here, a top‐down approach is presented starting from 2D heterostructures to fabricate 1D Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe nanowires or narrow nanoribbons. It is demonstrated that the Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe heterostructure remains intact in nanostructures of widths on the order of 100 nm and the interfacial superconductivity is preserved, as evidenced by electrical transport and Andreev reflection point contact spectroscopy experiments measured at the end of the nanowire. The differential conductance shows a similar superconducting twin‐gap structure as in 2D heterostructures, but with enhanced fluctuation effects due to the lower dimensionality. A zero‐bias conductance peak indicates the presence of an Andreev bound state and, given the involvement of the topological Bi2Te3 surface state, a possible topological nature of superconductivity is discussed with strong interplay with an emerging ferromagnetism due to the interstitial excess iron (Fe) in the Fe1+yTe layer, developing in parallel with superconductivity at low temperatures.
Growth of Large‐Sized 2D Ultrathin SnSe Crystals with In‐Plane Ferroelectricity
Authors: Chiu Ming‐Hui , Ji Xiang , Zhang Tianyi , Mao Nannan , Luo Yue , Shi Chuqiao , Zheng Xudong , Liu Hongwei , Han Yimo , Wilson William L. , Luo Zhengtang , Tung Vincent , Kong Jing
Published: February 2023

Tin (II) selenide (SnSe) is an emerging 2D material with many intriguing properties, such as record‐high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), purely in‐plane ferroelectricity, and excellent nonlinear optical properties. To explore these functional properties and related applications, a crucial step is to develop controllable routes to synthesize large‐area, ultrathin, and high‐quality SnSe crystals. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) constitutes a reliable method to synthesize 2D SnSe, however, effects of various growth parameters have not yet been systematically investigated, and current PVD‐synthesized flakes are often thick (>10 nm) with small lateral sizes (<10 µm). In this work, high‐quality 2D SnSe crystals are synthesized via low‐pressure PVD, which display in‐plane ferroelectric domains observed by piezoresponse force microscopy and polarization‐dependent reflection spectroscopy. Detailed studies regarding the roles of various parameters are further carried out, including substrate pre‐annealing, growth duration, temperature, and pressure, which enable to rationally optimize the growth and obtain 2D SnSe crystals with lateral sizes up to ≈23.0 µm and thicknesses down to ≈2.0 nm (3–4 layers). This work paves the way for the controlled growth of large‐area 2D SnSe, facilitating the future exploration of many interesting multiferroic properties and applications with atomic thickness.
Improved Robustness against Magnetic Field in Spin–Orbit‐Torque‐Based Physical Unclonable Functions through Write‐Back Operation
Authors: Koh Daekyu , Kang Jaimin , Kim Taehwan , Lee Jisung , Noh Sujung , Lee Hansaem , Kwon JoonHyun , Lee Soogil , Park Jongsun , Park Byong‐Guk
Published: February 2023

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), which exploit uncontrollable and unpredictable randomness of materials or devices, have been investigated as a hardware‐based security primitive owing to their robustness against adversarial attacks. Spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching is one of the promising techniques for PUF applications because it can provide randomness by the stochastic switching distribution of perpendicular magnetization. In this study, the improvement in the reliability of SOT‐based PUFs against external magnetic fields with write‐back operation (WBO) is demonstrated. A PUF consisting of 8 × 4 array Hall‐bar devices with a Ta/CoFeB/MgO structure is fabricated, where the random distribution of the SOT switching current serves as an entropy source. However, the information stored in the PUF is easily modified by the application of an external magnetic field. To improve the robustness against magnetic fields, a WBO is introduced that applies an additional current to saturate the magnetization in either the upward or downward direction depending on the magnetic state. As a result, the SOT‐based PUF maintains an entropy value close to unity under a magnetic field of up to the coercive field of the CoFeB layer. Furthermore, the WBO provides a digitalized output, which potentially reduces peripheral circuitry such as analog‐to‐digital converters.
Co:BaTiO3/Sn:BaTiO3 Heterostructure Thin‐Film Capacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Breakdown Strength
Authors: Choi Je Oh , Kim Tae Yeon , Park Seong Min , Seol WooJun , Joh Hyunjin , Anoop Gopinathan , Jo Ji Young
Published: February 2023

Ferroelectric (FE) capacitors exhibiting ultrahigh power densities are widely utilized as electrostatic energy storage devices in pulsed electronic devices. One approach to maximize the discharge energy density (Ud) of capacitors is to increase the breakdown strength (Eb) accompanied with high maximum polarization (Pm) while suppressing the energy loss. However, the inverse relationship between Eb and Pm challenges the simultaneous enhancement of Eb and Ud. To overcome this limitation, FE/relaxor FE (RFE) heterostructure capacitors composed of Co‐doped BaTiO3 (BTCO) and Sn‐doped BaTiO3 (BTS) epitaxial thin film layers to decouple the Eb and Pm values are fabricated and the simultaneous enhancement of the Eb and Ud up to 7.9 MV cm−1 and 117 J cm−3, respectively is achieved. The high Eb and Ud values can be attributed to the suppression of the leakage current at the BTCO/BTS interface, a narrower hysteresis loop contributed by the BTS, and high Pm and Eb from the BTCO layer. Additionally, the BTCO/BTS heterostructure capacitors exhibit excellent fatigue endurance of up to 108 cycles and are thermal stable even at 160 °C. Through properly designing the FE and RFE layers, thermally stable and reliable FE/RFE heterostructure capacitors exhibiting high Ud and Eb can be realized.
Polymer‐Based n‐Type Yarn for Organic Thermoelectric Textiles
Authors: Darabi Sozan , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Li Zerui , Huang Jun‐Da , Hummel Michael , Sixta Herbert , Fabiano Simone , Müller Christian
Published: February 2023

A conjugated‐polymer‐based n‐type yarn for thermoelectric textiles is presented. Thermoelectric textile devices are intriguing power sources for wearable electronic devices. The use of yarns comprising conjugated polymers is desirable because of their potentially superior mechanical properties compared to other thermoelectric materials. While several examples of p‐type conducting yarns exist, there is a lack of polymer‐based n‐type yarns. Here, a regenerated cellulose yarn is spray‐coated with an n‐type conducting‐polymer‐based ink composed of poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). The n‐type yarns display a bulk electrical conductivity of 8 × 10−3 S cm−1 and Seebeck coefficient of −79 µV K−1. A promising level of air‐stability for at least 13 days can be achieved by applying an additional thermoplastic elastomer coating. A prototype in‐plane thermoelectric textile, produced with the developed n‐type yarns and p‐type yarns, composed of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐coated regenerated cellulose, displays a stable device performance in air for at least 4 days with an open‐circuit voltage per temperature difference of 1 mV °C−1. Evidently, polymer‐based n‐type yarns are a viable component for the construction of thermoelectric textile devices.
Immune cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid predict cognitive function in aging and neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Snyder Allison , Grant Harli , Chou Austin , Lindbergh Cutter A. , Kramer Joel H. , Miller Bruce L. , Elahi Fanny M.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Immune dysfunction is important in aging and neurodegeneration; lacking clinically available tools limits research translation. We tested associations of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR)—innate immune activation surrogate—with cognition in an aging and dementia cohort, hypothesizing that elevated MLR is associated with poorer executive functioning.

Methods

CSF MLR was calculated in well‐characterized, genotyped participants enrolled in studies of aging and dementia at University of California, San Francisco Memory and Aging Center (n = 199, mean age 57.5 years, SD 11.9). Linear models tested associations with episodic memory and executive function (verbal fluency, speeded set‐shifting).

Results

Aging was associated with higher CSF monocyte, lower lymphocyte counts, and higher MLRs (p < 0.001). MLR was associated with verbal fluency (p < 0.05) only.

Discussion

Using clinical labs, we show an inverse association between CSF MLR and executive function in aging and dementia, supporting the utility of clinical labs in capturing associations between innate immune dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
Current status of active cooling, deep body temperature measurement, and face mask wearing in heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients in Japan: a nationwide observational study based on the Heatstroke STUDY 2020 and 2021
Authors: Kanda Jun , Miyake Yasufumi , Tanaka Daiki , Umehara Tadashi , Yamazaki Maiko , Harada Naoshige , Fujita Motoki , Hayashida Kei , Kaneko Hitoshi , Kobayashi Tatsuho , Miyoshi Yukari , Kishihara Yuki , Okada Yohei , Okano Yuichi , Tachino Jotaro , Takauji Shuhei , Yamaguchi Junko , Maeda Atsuo , Yokota Hiroyuki , Yokobori Shoji
Published: February 2023

Aim

The study aimed to determine the current status of face mask use, deep body temperature measurement, and active cooling in patients suffering from heat stroke and heat exhaustion in Japan.

Methods

This was a prospective, observational, multicenter study using data from the Heatstroke STUDY 2020–2021, a nationwide periodical registry of heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients. Based on the Bouchama heatstroke criteria, we classified the patients into two groups: severe and mild‐to‐moderate. We compared the outcomes between the two groups and reclassified them into two subgroups according to the severity of the illness, deep body temperature measurements, and face mask use. Cramer's V was used to determine the effect sizes for a comparison between groups.

Results

Almost all patients in this study were categorized as having degree III based on the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine heatstroke criteria (JAAM‐HS). However, the severe group was significantly worse than the mild‐to‐moderate group in outcomes like in‐hospital death and modified Rankin Scale scores, when discharged. Heat strokes had significantly higher rates of active cooling and lower mortality rates than heat stroke‐like illnesses. Patients using face masks often use them during labor, sports, and other exertions, had less severe conditions, and were less likely to be young male individuals.

Conclusions

It is suggested that severe cases require a more detailed classification of degree III in the JAAM‐HS criteria, and not measuring deep body temperature could have been a factor in the nonperformance of active cooling and worse outcomes.
Pd–PEPPSI type complexes bearing unsymmetrical NHC ligand with phenyl‐substituted backbone: Highly efficient catalysts for Heck–Mizoroki and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Korukçu Meliha Çetin , Can Samet
Published: February 2023

A series of air‐stable NHC–Pd–PEPPSI‐type complexes bearing unsymmetrical NHC ligand, with a phenyl group in its backbone, were synthesized in excellent yields (82%–94%). Air and moisture‐stable complexes were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and HRMS techniques. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method was used to determine the crystal and molecular structure of the complexes. The molecular structure adopts slightly distorted square planar geometry around the metal centre and was refined as an inversion twin. The complexes were screened for their catalytic activities in Heck–Mizoroki and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. Heck–Mizoroki reaction between the various aryl/hetaryl bromides and styrenes occurred in good to excellent yields in DMF in the presence of NaOAc as a base with low catalyst loadings (0.5%). The reactions also occur in aqueous media (DMF‐H2O) in high yields. The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between various aryl/hetaryl bromides and phenylboronic acids came off in excellent yields in DMF–H2O in the presence of K2CO3 as a base with low catalyst loadings (0.1%) at room temperature.
Molecular dynamics study on enhancement of mechanical and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene composites by incorporating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Yang Yadi , Zhao Jing , Cui Jianzheng , Jiang Bowen
Published: February 2023

Molecular models and sandwiched friction models of pure PTFE and h‐BN/PTFE composite were respectively constructed to investigate the enhancement of mechanical and tribological performances of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix by incorporating the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets as reinforcements. The simulation results indicate that increases of 36.4% in the Young's modulus, 23.6% in the bulk modulus, and 37.3% in the shear modulus of the PTFE matrix are achieved respectively by the incorporation of h‐BN nanosheets. Decreases of 3.48% and 10.27% in the Poisson's ratio and the ratio of bulk modulus to shear modulus of the PTFE matrix are also observed due to the incorporation of h‐BN nanosheets, which shows that the ductility of the PTFE matrix could be somewhat decreased with the addition of h‐BN nanosheets. Additionally, decreases of 69.23% and 69.06% in the coefficient of friction and friction stress of the PTFE matrix are obtained respectively with the introduction of h‐BN nanosheets. To provide in‐depth insight into the internal reason for these findings, the interaction energy between the PTFE matrix and h‐BN nanosheets, the MSD and diffusion coefficient of PTFE chains, and the RDF of carbon and fluorine atoms in the PTFE backbone chains were evaluated and interpreted accordingly.
The history and conceptual framework of assays and screens
Authors: Giacoletto Christopher J. , Schiller Martin R.
Published: February 2023

Since the 16th century, assays and screens have been essential for scientific investigation. However, most methods could be significantly improved, especially in accuracy, scalability, and often lack adequate comparisons to negative controls. There is a lack of consistency in distinguishing assays, in which accuracy is the main goal, from screens, in which scalability is prioritized over accuracy. We dissected and modernized the original definitions of assays and screens based upon recent developments and the conceptual framework of the original definitions. All methods have three components: design/measurement, performance, and interpretation. We propose a model of method development in which reproducible observations become new methods, initially assessed by sensitivity. Further development can proceed along a path to either screens or assays. The screen path focuses on scalability first, but can later prioritize analysis of negatives. Alternatively, the assay path first compares results to negative controls, assessing specificity and accuracy, later adding scalability. Both pathways converge on a high‐accuracy and throughput (HAT) assay, like next generation sequencing, which we suggest should be the ultimate goal of all testing methods. Our model will help scientists better select among available methods, as well as improve existing methods, expanding their impact on science.
Investigation of Sequence‐Penetration Relationships of Antisense Oligonucleotides
Authors: Batistatou Nefeli , Kritzer Joshua A.
Published: February 2023

A major limitation for the development of more effective oligonucleotide therapeutics has been a lack of understanding of their penetration into the cytosol. While prior work has shown how backbone modifications affect cytosolic penetration, it is unclear how cytosolic penetration is affected by other features including base composition, base sequence, length, and degree of secondary structure. We have applied the chloroalkane penetration assay, which exclusively reports on material that reaches the cytosol, to investigate the effects of these characteristics on the cytosolic uptake of druglike oligonucleotides. We found that base composition and base sequence had moderate effects, while length did not correlate directly with the degree of cytosolic penetration. Investigating further, we found that the degree of secondary structure had the largest and most predictable correlations with cytosolic penetration. These methods and observations add a layer of design for maximizing the efficacy of new oligonucleotide therapeutics.
Enhancing the Activity of an Alcohol Dehydrogenase by Using “Aromatic Residue Scanning” at Potential Plasticity Sites
Authors: Ye Wen‐Jie , Xie Jing‐Wen , Liu Yan , Wang Yi‐Lin , Zhang Yu‐Xin , Yang Xiao‐Ying , Yang Lin , Wang Hua‐Lei , Wei Dong‐Zhi
Published: February 2023

An alcohol dehydrogenase LkADH was successfully engineered to exhibit improved activity and substrate tolerance for the production of (S)‐2‐chloro‐1‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)ethanol, an important precursor of ticagrelor. Five potential hotspots were identified for enzyme mutagenesis by using natural residue abundance as an indicator to evaluate their potential plasticity. A semi‐rational strategy named “aromatic residue scanning” was applied to randomly mutate these five sites simultaneously by using tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine as “exploratory residues” to introduce steric hindrance or potential π‐π interactions. The best variant Lk‐S96Y/L199W identified with 17.2‐fold improvement in catalytic efficiency could completely reduce up to 600 g/L (3.1 M) 2‐chloro‐1‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)ethenone in 12 h with >99.5 % ee, giving the highest space‐time yield ever reported. This study, therefore, offers a strategy for mutating alcohol dehydrogenase to reduce aromatic substrates and provides an efficient variant for the efficient synthesis of (S)‐2‐chloro‐1‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)ethanol.
Ring‐Expanding Rearrangement of Benzo‐Fused Tris‐Cycloheptenylenes towards Nonplanar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Ejlli Barbara , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Müllen Klaus
Published: February 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are Klaus Müllen and co‐workers at the Max‐Planck‐Institute of Polymer Research and the University of Heidelberg. The image depicts the ring‐expanding rearrangement of hexabrominated benzo‐fused tris‐cycloheptenylenes towards nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203735.
Enhanced Semi‐Preparative Biotransformation of Cumene Dioxygenase: From Analytical Scale to Product Isolation
Authors: Schelle Jona T. , Lepoittevin William , Hauer Bernhard
Published: February 2023

Scale‐up of oxygenase catalyzed reactions is often challenging due to the limited oxygen mass transfer in aqueous solutions. To overcome such limitation, we studied different scale‐up conditions using recombinant resting cells of E. coli JM109(DE3), harboring the cumene dioxygenase of Pseudomonas fluorescens IP01, for the dihydroxylation of naphthalene to (1R,2S)‐cis‐1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐naphthalenediol. Thereby, vigorous stirring of the biotransformation in a 2 L round bottom flask in combination with an oxygen‐enriched headspace exhibited outstanding product formation after 1 h. Furthermore, the enhanced setup was used for the cumene dioxygenase catalyzed biosynthesis of 240 mg of valuable (+)‐trans‐carveol from (R)‐(+)‐limonene, demonstrating the application of our workflow for volatile compounds.
Drivers of radical and incremental creativity—A moderated mediation framework
Authors: Rahman Malik Muhammad Abdul , Butt Arif Nazir , Zahid Fariha
Published: February 2023

Researchers establish that rewards play an important role in shaping employees' creative behaviors. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that transmit the effects of rewards for creativity on different types of creative behaviors. Drawing on the sense making perspective, this study identifies unique mediators and moderators of reward—creativity relationship. The results of this survey‐based study, comprising of 220 independent employee ‐ supervisor dyads, suggested that enjoyment in the activity mediated the relationship between intrinsic rewards and radical creative behaviors. Moreover, the interactional effects of extrinsic rewards and their perceived importance on creative behaviors were mediated through perceptions of climate for innovation. These results provide important insights and guide managers in promoting distinct types of creative behaviors.
Rationalizing Aggregate Structures with Orbital Contributions to the Exchange‐Repulsion Energy**
Authors: Henrichsmeyer Johannes , Thelen Michael , Bröckel Marc , Fadel Mariam , Behnle Stefan , Sekkal‐Rahal Majda , Fink Reinhold F.
Published: February 2023

It is shown that repulsive interactions have a crucial influence on the structure of prototypical non‐covalently bonded systems. To explain this, we propose a molecular orbital‐based model for the exchange‐repulsion contribution to the total interaction energy. As a central result, our model shows that energetically preferred aggregate structures frequently exhibit reduced exchange repulsion, which can be deduced from the nodal structure of certain occupied orbitals. This is used to explain key features of the intermolecular potentials of the Cl2‐He, benzene‐benzene, and benzene‐hexafluorobenzene aggregates, which are not correctly reproduced by commonly applied electrostatic models.