bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparative collaboration for missing persons with dementia in Sweden: a pilot study
Authors: Stenberg Rebecca , Wolmesjö Maria
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to give an account for preparative collaboration between the police and municipal eldercare in Sweden concerning missing persons with dementia.

Design/methodology/approach

Design/methodology/approach used was a qualitative case study design, consisting of one focus group with representatives for the participating organisations, followed by directed content analysis.

Findings

The findings showed a lack of current collaboration and reluctance to new collaborative initiatives. However, when focussing on preparative collaboration of coordinated responses to missing incidents, possibilities for improvement could be identified. The improvements concerned updated personnel response checklists, along with suggestions for an elaborate life story document in eldercare, with police access. Finally, better coordination of the return of the found person and a follow up were proposed.

Research limitations/implications

It is suggested that collaboration must be given different meanings and use different approaches adapted to the different phases in a rescue operation. In the preparation and the response phase, the focus should be on coordination of the resources available. In the pre-planning and prevention phases, as well as in evaluation and learning, horizontal collaboration is more suitable. The amount of data in this study is a research limitation which calls for further research.

Practical implications

It is suggested that collaboration must be given different meanings and use different approaches adapted to the different phases in a rescue operation. In the preparation and the response phase, the focus should be on coordination of the resources available. In the pre-planning and prevention phases, as well as in evaluation and learning, horizontal co-operation is more suitable.

Originality/value

The originality/value of this paper can be found in the novelty of missing person research in Sweden, and in practical suggestions for preparative collaboration concerning persons with dementia who go missing. Finally, it can be found in the suggested need for a more dynamic and process-sensitive view of collaboration in SAR or rescue operations.
Consumer adoption study for innovative technology products and services in an emerging economy
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Gandhi Aradhana Vikas
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the adoption behaviour of consumers towards innovative technology products and services (ITPS).

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews was conducted with 47 respondents. Their lived experiences across 50+ ITPS were studied. A grounded theory approach was used to develop a theory with reference to consumer adoption of ITPS.

Findings

Themes emerged across the adoption process, such as triggers for adoption (pressing need, making life more pleasurable, urge to acquire and forced initiation); hesitancies faced by consumers during evaluation (value alignment, utilization, ecosystem, risks with new technology and price); and factors that help in overcoming the hesitancies (word of mouth, de-risking schemes and self-devised strategies).

Practical implications

Innovators must understand customer triggers and design offerings that activate the same – addressing a pressing need or making lives more pleasurable. Users driven purely by an urge to acquire can be a source of early word of mouth for radical innovations. Innovations must be designed and communicated to minimize hesitancies. Mitigating schemes such as equated monthly installment and return policy can be offered to empower customers to overcome hesitancies. Factors such as price, risk, beliefs, traditions and nationalistic values assume importance, specifically in an emerging economy.

Originality/value

This study based on grounded theory keeps the user at the centre and explains the innovation adoption phenomenon for a wide variety of 50+ ITPS in the context of an emerging economy.
Performance and CEO duality in Indian public banks: a moderating role of board independence
Authors: Singh Rohit Kumar , Sharma Supran Kumar
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The study aims to estimate the impact of the vigilant board independence (BIND) dimension that potentially neutralises the unfair influence of chief executive officer duality (CEODU) on Indian public banks' performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study takes into account the fixed-effects model to investigate the potential moderating effect of BIND in the relationship between CEODU and Indian bank performance. The econometric model is also robust against heteroscedasticity, serial correlation and cross-section dependence issues to ensure that the model is free from such biases. The study also addresses the major issue of endogeneity via vector autoregression and performs the analysis by considering one period lag of the explanatory variables.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that CEODU does not always lead to a negative outcome on the performance until or unless the board is monitored by the effective presence of outside directors.

Research limitations/implications

The regulatory bodies consider the results to strengthen board capital where CEODU can benefit a business entity if vigilance BIND is present at or above a threshold point.

Originality/value

The study evaluated an under-researched role of BIND as a moderator that undermines the negative influence of CEODU on the performance of Indian banks. The study also establishes that the CEO's contribution to performance increases when the number of outside directors is at or above a certain threshold.
Research on the characteristics of fluid escape near the seabed in Bohai Bay
Authors: Jia Xueqian , Chen Jiangxin , Tong Siyou , Azevedo Leonardo , Duan Minliang , Xu Huaning , Chen Shanshan , Yang Rui , Han Tonggang
Published: March 2023

Seabed fluid flow happens due to the complex interactionamong the accumulation, migration and escape of hydrocarbon and/or fluids. As shallow gas accumulations are anomalously developed in Bohai Bay, studying fluid flow features provides insights for understanding environment fluid in the Bohai Sea. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to make practical and effective use of single‐channel seismic reflection data to delineate and interpret subsurface fluid flow features by analysing the variance, sweetness, instantaneous frequency, and root mean square amplitude of seismic attributes. Four types of submarine fluid escape features, including pockmarks, mounds, fluid vents, dimmed or chaotic seafloor reflections, and two shallow fluid migration pathways (gas chimneys and faults) are distinguished on the single‐channel seismic reflection profiles. Gas chimneys are divided into strict columnar and irregular columnar chimneys, fluid migration along faults is critically dependent on the activity of faults. Enhanced reflections and bright spots may be good indicators of lateral fluid migration and accumulation of fluids in porous formations. We propose a shallow fluid flow model in the study area that illustrates the dynamic fluid migration process in terms of possible fluid sources, shallow migration pathways, and submarine fluid escape features.
The Transformation of Chinese Cultural Images of the Plague through Chinese Characters, Legends and Folkways1
Authors: Li Ying
Published: March 2023

The human experience of survival from a plague is about distinguishing the sick from the healthy as quickly as possible, establishing a barrier to stop the infection, and protecting healthy people. Nevertheless, the various quarantine rules and the acceptance and compliance of the population are a kind of battle between policy implementers and the public. This paper tries to understand how Chinese cultural attitudes (Henderson, 1984) unconsciously influence the Chinese people to be most cooperative with the strict containment and quarantine measures to confront the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article begins with the Chinese characters, exemplified by the four characters of disease and plague, to discuss how the pictograph nature and spatial structural way profoundly shaped the cultural mind. Then, through plague‐related Chinese legends, stories and folklore, the paper sets out the Chinese cultural attitudes which are also manifested in the analogical associations between disease, plague and seasons, the balance of the five elements of the universe and ghosts, gods and the government bureaucrats in the Kingdom of the Heaven. All of these approaches are well in line with Jung’s method of associative amplification as a way to locate the archetypal wisdom that assures survival.
Social Activism's Possibility through Perspectives of Gloria Anzaldúa, Walter Benjamin and C. G. Jung1
Authors: Brooks Robin McCoy
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the vertices of Jung's, Anzaldúa's and Benjamin's distinct ontologies and the way in which they connect in the shared recognition that what has been estranged in human history is enigmatically lodged in the world's fabric today. Cultural distress, in other words, is the outcome of what has become repudiated in the self and the collective across time. From this perspective, the paper argues that we have a collective responsibility to listen to the claims of the dead laid bare in moments of contemporary real‐world danger and it elaborates the psychical dimensions of being that are cultivated in times of danger. The author contends that these psychical presences are the dead of human history including our ancestral heritage that linger and possibly may penetrate our awareness. They haunt and hold a potential to animate our movement towards a sublimatory process that can be seen as a precursor to social responsiveness and action. The author explores this through her own experience with an example of the spawning of spiritual activism within the socio‐political maelstrom of AIDS.
Soul, Myth and Cosmovision in a Changing World: Essentials of Analytical Psychology and the Descendent Path1
Authors: Vergara Margarita Ovalle
Published: March 2023

This essay addresses the key role of analytical psychology amid our changing world: to work towards an expansion of Humanity's worldview. In current times of utmost transformation, it becomes imperative that we embrace a total cosmovision, one that includes the 360 degrees of existence: not only the 180 diurnal degrees of ascent, light and order, yet also the descendent sphere, incorporating what is unconscious, nocturnal and mysterious. Integrating this lower realm in our psychic life, however, contrasts our Western worldview, in which these two domains are seemingly opposed and mutually excluding. Mythopoetic language, and the mythologems that manifest in different myths, provide the means of delving into the profound paradoxes at the core of the total cosmovision. Myths such as Añañuca (Chile), Osiris (Egypt), Dionysus (Greece) and Innana (Sumer), highlight the descending path, providing a symbolic narrative of an archetypical transformation or spin, a key moment of “turning on its own axis” that merges the realms of Life and Death, ascent and descent, birth and decay. To live this paradoxical and generative path of transformation, individuals must seek their personal myth not outside but within themselves, where springs the Suprasense.
Crosstalk between Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance and virulence mediated by phenylethylamine
Authors: Muñoz‐Cazalla Ada , Martínez José L. , Laborda Pablo
Published: March 2023

Multidrug efflux pumps are among the main Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic‐resistance determinants. Besides, efflux pumps are also involved in other relevant activities of bacterial physiology, including the quorum sensing‐mediated regulation of bacterial virulence. Nevertheless, despite the relevance of efflux pumps in bacterial physiology, their interconnection with bacterial metabolism remains obscure. The effect of several metabolites on the expression of P. aeruginosa efflux pumps, and on the virulence and antibiotic resistance of this bacterium, was studied. Phenylethylamine was found to be both inducer and substrate of MexCD‐OprJ, an efflux pump involved in P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance and in extrusion of precursors of quorum‐sensing signals. Phenylethylamine did not increase antibiotic resistance; however, the production of the toxin pyocyanin, the tissue‐damaging protease LasB and swarming motility were reduced in the presence of this metabolite. This decrease in virulence potential was mediated by a reduction of lasI and pqsABCDE expression, which encode the proteins that synthesise the signalling molecules of two quorum‐sensing regulatory pathways. This work sheds light on the interconnection between virulence and antibiotic‐resistance determinants, mediated by bacterial metabolism, and points to phenylethylamine as an anti‐virulence metabolite to be considered in the study of therapies against P. aeruginosa infections.
Treatment for macrophage activation syndrome associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Nishimura Kenichi , Iwata Naomi , Yasumi Takahiro , Umebayashi Hiroaki , Nakagishi Yasuo , Okura Yuka , Okamoto Nami , Kinjo Noriko , Mizuta Mao , Yashiro Masato , Yasumura Junko , Wakiguchi Hiroyuki , Kubota Tomohiro , Mouri Mariko , Kaneko Utako , Mori Masaaki
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To clarify how pediatric rheumatologists treat systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s‐JIA) associated macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in the real world and to assess the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone palmitate (DEX‐P) in the treatment of s‐JIA‐associated MAS.

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted at 13 pediatric rheumatology institutes in Japan. This study included 28 patients with s‐JIA‐associated MAS. Clinical findings, such as treatment details and adverse events, were evaluated.

Results

Methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy was selected as the first‐line treatment in more than half of the patients with MAS. Cyclosporine A (CsA) was used as first‐line therapy in combination with corticosteroids in half of the patients with MAS. DEX‐P and/or CsA were selected as the second‐line therapy in 63% of patients with corticosteroid‐resistant MAS. Plasma exchange was selected as the third‐line therapy for DEX‐P and CsA‐resistant MAS. All patients improved and there were no characteristically severe adverse events associated with DEX‐P.

Conclusions

The first‐line treatment for MAS in Japan is mPSL pulse therapy and/or CyA. DEX‐P could be an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with corticosteroid‐resistant MAS.
Effectiveness of interventions on feeding difficulties among people with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) , Spencer Jia‐Ci , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Kasa Ayele Semachew , Ataiza Chell , Lambert Kelly , Chang Chia‐Chi
Published: March 2023

Objectives

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine non‐pharmacological interventions for helping people with dementia who experience feeding difficulties in order to improve their nutritional status.

Methods

The articles were searched using PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane. Two independent investigators critically appraised eligible studies. The PRISMA guidelines and checklist were used. The possibility of risk of bias was assessed using a tool to assess the quality of randomised control trials (RCT) and non‐RCT studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted as a method of synthesis. The Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan 5.4) was used for meta‐analysis.

Results

The systematic review and meta‐analysis included seven publications. Six interventions were identified and categorised as: eating ability training for people with dementia, staff training and feeding assistance and support. The meta‐analysis found evidence of the effect of eating ability training on feeding difficulty, quantified by the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scale (EdFED) with a weighted mean difference of −1.36 (95% confidence interval: −1.84 to −0.89, p < 0.001) and on self‐feeding time. A spaced retrieval intervention showed a positive effect on EdFED. The systematic review discovered that while feeding assistance had a positive effect on feeding difficulty, staff training had no effect. According to the meta‐analysis, these interventions had no effect on improving the nutritional status of people with dementia.

Conclusions

None of the included RCTs met the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias criteria for randomised trials. This review found that direct training for people with dementia and indirect feeding support from care staff resulted in fewer mealtime difficulties. More RCT studies are needed to determine the efficacy of such interventions.
Incidental findings on CT scans for robot‐assisted total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Qadiri Qudratullah S. , Ponzio Danielle Y. , Thalody Hope S. , Clark Sean C. , Post Zachary D. , Orozco Fabio R. , Ong Alvin C.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study documented the incidence of incidental findings from preoperative computerized‐tomography (CT) scans obtained for robotic‐arm‐assisted total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and its effect on patient management.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted for patients who underwent robotic‐arm assisted primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from 2016 to 2020. All patients obtained preoperative CT scans which were formally read by fellowship‐trained musculoskeletal radiologists. CT's were flagged with incidental findings and those requiring physician follow‐up were identified as significant.

Results

A total of 1519 patients (mean age, 66 years ±9; 849 females) were evaluated. Seventy‐three (4.81%) patients had incidental CT scan findings, and 25 (1.65%) patients had significant incidental findings. Four patients required additional imaging and two patients required intervention.

Conclusion

This study found a 4.81% incidence of incidental findings from preoperative CT scans for robotic‐arm‐assisted THA and TKA. Of these findings, less than 2% required physician follow‐up and less than 1% required intervention. With the increasing popularity of robotic‐arm assisted total joint arthroplasty, it is important to consider the necessity of detection and management of associated incidental findings from preoperative CT scans.
A novel surgical treatment of type 3 congenital elbow luxation in a dog
Authors: Gordon CL , Thomson C , Webster NSL
Published: March 2023

Congenital luxation of the ulnar and radius is a rare orthopaedic condition in the dog. This case report describes a novel surgical treatment for congenital elbow luxation in a medium‐breed dog. A 6‐week‐old Kelpie presented for left forelimb lameness and deformity. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) confirmed the diagnosis of unilateral ulnar and radius luxation. The surgical repair involved open reduction followed by fixation with an extraarticular pin and a transarticular external fixator. The outcome of surgery was improved leg function and weight‐bearing, however, reluxation of the radial head was diagnosed 7 weeks following surgery. This technique may offer an alternative surgical option to improve clinical signs, as well as insight into improving the management of this condition.
Long‐term dynamics of wild primate populations across forests with contrasting protection in Tanzania
Authors: Barelli Claudia , Oberosler Valentina , Cavada Nathalie , Mtui Arafat S. , Shinyambala Steven , Rovero Francesco
Published: March 2023

Anthropogenic activities driving tropical forests' loss imperil global biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services. In this context, systematic monitoring programs evaluating wildlife trends are essential. Non‐human primates are relevant conservation targets since they represent vital components of tropical forests by serving as pollinators and seed dispersers. Here, we present primate group counts data collected over 19 years in a primate hotspot in Tanzania. We analyzed data with a hierarchical dynamic model accounting for imperfect detection that estimates local group abundance and temporal rates of change, to assess whether habitat protection explained trends of the arboreal and diurnal Peters' Angola colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus), Udzungwa red colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), and Tanzania Sykes' monkey (Cercopithecus mitis subsp. moloneyi). We targeted populations occurring in two forest blocks with contrasting protection regimes, with one block impacted by targeted poaching of the two Colobus species. We found that these latter species were much less abundant in the more human impacted forest, underwent a rapid decline, and subsequently remained at low abundance and without signs of recovery once this forest was granted greater protection. Instead, Sykes' abundance did not differ between forests, and improved protection was associated with a slight increase in abundance. Age class composition for social groups of both Colobus species differed between forests, indicating altered births and survivorship rates in the impacted forest. Results suggest that targeted hunting can prevent recovery for several years and even after increased habitat protection. Our approach appears valuable to monitor population dynamics over the long term, highlighting species‐specific variations in both vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance and recovery patterns in primate populations.
Hereditary cancer predispositions: Comparison of multigene panel sequencing on fresh‐frozen breast/ovarian tumor versus blood
Authors: Schwartz Mathias , Moncoutier Virginie , Peytral Adrien , Le Gall Jessica , Suybeng Voreak , Pagès Mélanie , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Trabelsi‐Grati Olfa , Melaabi Samia , Callens Céline , Bièche Ivan , Delhomelle Hélène , De Pauw Antoine , Saule Claire , Mouret‐Fourme Emmanuelle , Gauthier‐Villars Marion , Buecher Bruno , Colas Chrystelle , Stoppa‐Lyonnet Dominique , Golmard Lisa
Published: March 2023

In breast or ovarian cancer (BC/OC) patients with evocative personal and/or family history, multigene panel sequencing is performed on blood to diagnose hereditary predispositions. Additionally, BRCA1/BRCA2 testing can be performed on tumor sample for therapeutic purpose. The accuracy of multigene panel tumor analysis on BC/OC to detect predisposing germline pathogenic variants (gPV) has not been precisely assessed. By comparing sequencing data from blood and fresh‐frozen tumor we show that tumor genomic instability causes pitfalls to consider when performing tumor testing to detect gPV. Even if loss of heterozygosity increases germline signal in most cases, somatic copy number variants (CNV) can mask germline CNV and collapse point gPV variant allele frequency (VAF). Moreover, VAF does not allow an accurate distinction between germline and somatic pathogenic variants.
The genetics of incontinence: A scoping review
Authors: Breinbjerg Anders , Jørgensen Cecilie Siggaard , Borg Britt , Rittig Søren , Kamperis Konstantinos , Christensen Jane Hvarregaard
Published: March 2023

The genetic causes underlying incontinence in both children and adults have begun to be unravelled during the last decades. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize current knowledge on the genetics of childhood and adult urinary and faecal incontinence, identify similarities between different incontinence subgroups, and identify knowledge gaps to aid future research. PRISMA‐ScR was used, and 76 studies were included. Early epidemiological family and twin studies suggest high heritability of incontinence. Linkage studies provide evidence for the existence of rare genetic variants; however, these variants have not been identified. Later candidate gene association studies and recent genome‐wide association studies provide the first preliminary evidence that common risk variants also play a role. The genetics of incontinence in children and adults has predominantly been studied separately, but this review identifies for the first time the endothelin system as a potential common pathophysiological pathway. Overall, these findings strengthen the hypothesis that genetic variants play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of incontinence. Future research should include hypothesis‐free studies of rare and common variants in large well‐characterized cohorts with incontinence. Studies should include different age groups and ethnicities and both sexes to fully reveal the genetics of incontinence.
Biogeography of central African forests: Determinants, ongoing threats and conservation priorities of mammal assemblages
Authors: Fonteyn Davy , Vermeulen Cédric , Gorel Anaïs‐Pasiphaé , Silva de Miranda Pedro Luiz , Lhoest Simon , Fayolle Adeline
Published: March 2023

Aim

Central Africa shelters diverse and iconic megafauna, which is threatened by climate and land‐use changes and increased hunting‐induced defaunation. Though crucial for coordinating regional conservation actions, how species assemblages are spatially structured remains poorly understood. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap for mammals across central African forests.

Location

Tropical moist forests from Nigeria to the Albertine Rift.

Methods

An extensive compilation of forest‐dwelling mammal species lists was made from wildlife and bushmeat‐related surveys across central Africa. A beta‐diversity approach enabling the clustering of surveys composed of similar species was implemented to identify and delimit zoogeographic districts, separately for three well‐documented mammal orders: carnivores, primates and artiodactyls. Random forest classification models were then used to identify the environmental determinants of the district's distribution and to produce a continuous zoogeographic map (and associated uncertainties) critical to assess the conservation status of each district and their ongoing threats.

Results

While carnivores do not present a clear spatial structure within central African forests, our findings highlight the structuring role of rivers on both primate and artiodactyl assemblages' distributions. We retained eight and six spatially congruent districts for primates and artiodactyls, respectively. These districts were shaped by the Ubangi‐Congo River system, and the Cross and Sanaga Rivers, with a secondary role of insularity and precipitation identified for primates. Highly threatened districts were highlighted, especially in Nigeria and in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the latter including vast areas that are understudied and poorly represented in the protected area network.

Main Conclusions

Beyond refining our understanding of the diversity and uniqueness of mammalian assemblages across central African forests, our map of zoogeographic districts has far‐reaching implications for the conservation of highly threatened taxa, allowing to target species and areas of interest for further sampling, conservation and rewilding efforts.
The dispersal of microbes among and within flowers by butterflies
Authors: Olson Malia M. , Ravikanthachari Nitin , Blackwell Meredith , Boggs Carol L.
Published: March 2023

Floral microbes, including bacteria and fungi, alter nectar quality, thus changing pollinator visitation. Conversely, pollinator visitation can change the floral microbial community.

Most studies on dispersal of floral microbes have focused on bees, ants or hummingbirds, yet Lepidoptera are important pollinators.

We asked (a) where are microbes present on the butterfly body, (b) do butterflies transfer microbes while foraging, and (c) how does butterfly foraging affect microbial abundance on different floret structures.

The tarsi and proboscis had significantly more microbes than the thorax in wild‐caught Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and Speyeria mormonia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Glaucopsyche lygdamus, a smaller‐bodied species, had fewer microbes than S. mormonia.

As a marker for microbes, we used a bacterium (Rhodococcus fascians, near NCBI Y11196) isolated from a S. mormonia that was foraging for nectar, and examined its dispersal by G. lygdamus and S. mormonia visiting florets of Pyrrocoma crocea (Asteraceae). Microbial dispersal among florets correlated positively with bacterial abundance in the donor floret. Dispersal also depended on butterfly species, age, and bacterial load carried by the butterfly.

Recipient florets had less bacteria than donor florets. The nectaries had more bacteria than the anthers or the stigmas, while anthers and stigmas did not differ from each other. There was no differential transmission among floral organs.

Lepidoptera thus act as vectors of floral microbes. Including Lepidoptera is thus crucial to an understanding of plant–pollinator–microbe interactions. Future studies should consider the role of vectored microbes in lepidopteran ecology and fitness.
Effectiveness of a 3D simulation tool to teach the designing of metal removable partial dentures: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Dehurtevent Marion , Duyck Joke , Depaepe Fien , Vanneste Stéphanie , Vandamme Katleen , Raes Annelies
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Acquiring insights into the framework design of metal‐based removable partial dentures (mRPD) is a current challenge in dental education. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of a novel 3D simulation tool to teach designing mRPD by investigating the learning gain and the acceptance and motivation towards the tool of dental students.

Materials and Methods

A 3D tool based on 74 clinical scenarios was developed for teaching the design of mRPD. Fifty‐three third year dental students were randomly divided into two groups, with the experimental group (n = 26) having access to the tool during 1 week while the control group (n = 27) had no access. Quantitative analysis was based on a pre‐ and post‐test in order to evaluate the learning gain, technology acceptance and motivation towards using the tool. Moreover, qualitative data was collected by means of an interview and focus group to get additional insights into the quantitative results.

Results

Although the results showed a higher learning gain for students in the experimental condition, the study did not find a significant difference between both conditions based on quantitative results. However, during the focus groups, all students of the experimental group revealed that the 3D tool improved their understanding of mRPD biomechanics. Moreover, survey results revealed that students positively evaluated the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the tool and indicated to have the intention to use the tool in the future. Suggestions were made for a redesign (e.g. creating scenarios themselves) and further implementation of the tool (e.g. analysing the scenarios in pairs or small groups).

Conclusion

First results of the evaluation of the new 3D tool for teaching the design framework of mRPD are promising. Further research based on the design‐based research methodology is needed to investigate the effects of the redesign on motivation and learning gain.
Forecast‐ready models to support fisheries' adaptation to global variability and change
Authors: Scales Kylie L. , Moore Thomas S. , Sloyan Bernadette , Spillman Claire M. , Eveson J. Paige , Patterson Toby A. , Williams Ashley J. , Hobday Alistair J. , Hartog Jason R.
Published: March 2023

Ocean and climate drivers affect the distribution and abundance of marine life on a global scale. Marine ecological forecasting seeks to predict how living marine resources respond to physical variability and change, enabling proactive decision‐making to support climate adaptation. However, the skill of ecological forecasts is constrained by the skill of underlying models of both ocean state and species‐environment relationships. As a test of the skill of data‐driven forecasts for fisheries, we developed predictive models of catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) of tuna and billfish across the south‐west Pacific Ocean, using a 12‐year time series of catch data and a large ensemble climate reanalysis. Descriptors of water column structure, particularly temperature at depth and upper ocean heat content, emerged as useful predictors of CPUE across species. Enhancing forecast skill over sub‐seasonal to multi‐year timescales in any system is likely to require the inclusion of sub‐surface ocean data and explicit consideration of regional physical dynamics.
ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination generates spike‐specific CD8+ T cells in aged mice
Authors: Foster William S , Newman Joseph , Thakur Nazia , Spencer Alexandra J , Davies Sophie , Woods Danielle , Godfrey Leila , Ross Sarah H , Sharpe Hayley J , Richard Arianne C , Bailey Dalan , Lambe Teresa , Linterman Michelle A
Published: March 2023

Effective vaccines have reduced the morbidity and mortality caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 infection; however, the elderly remain the most at risk. Understanding how vaccines generate protective immunity and how these mechanisms change with age is key for informing future vaccine design. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are important for killing virally infected cells, and vaccines that induce antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells in addition to humoral immunity provide an extra layer of immune protection. This is particularly important in cases where antibody titers are suboptimal, as can occur in older individuals. Here, we show that in aged mice, spike epitope–specific CD8+ T cells are generated in comparable numbers to younger animals after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination, although phenotypic differences exist. This demonstrates that ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 elicits a good CD8+ T‐cell response in older bodies, but that typical age‐associated features are evident on these vaccine reactive T cells.
RETRACTED: The wound adjuncts effect of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy on stopping groin surgical site wound infection in arterial surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hong Jin , Xie Licheng , Fan Libin , Huang Haiyan
Published: March 2023

A meta‐analysis study was conducted to assess the influence of the wound adjuncts therapy of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) on stopping groin site wound infection (SWSI) in arterial surgery. A comprehensive literature examination till January 2023 was implemented and 2186 linked studies were appraised. The picked studies contained 2133 subjects with groin surgical wounds of arterial surgery in the picked studies' baseline, 1043 of them were using ciNPWT, and 1090 were using standard care. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the consequence of the wound adjuncts therapy of ciNPWT on stopping groin SWSI in arterial surgery by the dichotomous and continuous styles and a fixed or random model. The ciNPWT had a significantly lower SWSI (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.33–0.55, P < .001), superficial SWSI (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33–0.66, P < .001), and deep SWSI (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25–0.63, P < .001) compared with the standard care in groin surgical wound of arterial surgery. The ciNPWT had a significantly, lower SWSI, superficial SWSI, and deep SWSI compared with the standard care in groin surgical wounds of arterial surgery. Although precautions should be taken when commerce with the consequences because some of the picked studies for this meta‐analysis was with low sample sizes.
Membransysteme in meiotischen Basidien
Authors: Thielke Charlotte
Published: March 2023

Meiotische Basidien sind durch Membransysteme gekennzeichnet, die in räumlicher Beziehung zu den sich später restituierenden Zellkernen stehen. Da diese Strukturen nur vorübergehend während der Meiose vorhanden sind, scheint hier eine Membranmodifikation mit einer ganz spezifischen Funktion vorzuliegen.

Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft danke ich für Sachbeihilfe.
Untersuchungen zur Funktion der Weinsäure in reifen Beeren von Vitis vinifera L.
Authors: Wejnar Reinhold
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse

1. Im Preßsaft reifer Beeren von Vitis vinifera L. ist die relative Konstanz des Weinsäuregehaltes gegenüber großen Schwankungen der Äpfelsäurekonzentration durch die Schwerlöslichkeit des Weinsteins bedingt. Der Weinstein liegt in einer von der Temperatur abhängigen, gesättigten bzw. übersättigten Lösung vor.

2. In reifen Beeren sind häufig nahezu äquimolare Weinsäure‐ und Kaliummengen nachweisbar. Die durchschnittliche Relation Weinsäure (Mol): Kalium (Mol) beträgt 1,09.

3. Nach erfolgter Reife sind erhebliche Weinsäuremengen als unlösliches Tartrat gebunden; dieser Weinstein kann als sekundärer Pflanzenstoff interpretiert werden.
Über die Zinkresistenz der Schwermetallform von Silene cucubalus var. humilis im Laufe der Vegetationsperiode
Authors: Gries Brunhild
Published: March 2023

. Die Zinkresistenz der Schwermetallpflanzen wurde am Beispiel von Silene cucubalus var. humilis dargestellt.

. Die Toleranzgrenze ändert sich im Laufe der Vegetationsperiode. Entwicklungsphysiologisch ältere Gewebe sind widerstandsfähiger als junge.

. Die mit der protoplasmatischen Methode erfaßbare Zinkverträglichkeit der Schwermetallpflanzen muß im Zusammenhang mit dem Zinkgehalt der Gewebe gesehen werden, da die Resistenzgrenze der Pflanzen aus beiden Größen resultiert.
Die Kernstruktur während des mitotischen und endomitotischen Zellzyklus
Authors: Nagl Walter
Published: March 2023

Interphasekerne von Allium carinatum weisen in G1 eine andere Struktur auf als in G2. Im mitotischen und endomitotischen Zerstäubungsstadium (Z), in dem das Heterochromatin dekondensiert erscheint, findet offenbar die Trennung der Chromatiden statt. Im folgenden Stadium der Neuorganisation (NO) wird nämlich die für G1 charakteristische Struktur wiederhergestellt. Die Endomitose der Angiospermen ist damit abgeschlossen. In der Mitose setzt nun die Spiralisierung der Chromosomen ein. Da bei Allium carinatum ein zusätzliches asynchrones Spiralisationsverhalten des Heterochromatins beobachtet werden kann (doppelte Allozyklie), sind drei Stadien der Spiralprophase unterscheidbar. Auf die Übereinstimmung der vorgenommenen Deutungen mit dem modifizierten Chromosomenmodell von Taylor (1966) und den Befunden bei Riesenchromosomen wird hingewiesen.
Kofaktor‐ und Enzymabhängigkeit photosynthetischer Reaktionen in verschiedenen Typen fragmentierter Chloroplasten
Authors: Elstner E.
Published: March 2023

Die hochtourig abzentrifugierten Partikel P200 einer Digitoninfragmentierung und Heptan‐fragmentierte Chloroplasten zeigen in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Enzyme und Kofaktoren folgende Reaktionen:

. Auf Kosten künstlicher Elektronendonatoren kann über Ferredoxin und Oxidoreduktase NADP reduziert werden, wenn Plastocyanin oder Cytochrom552 zugesetzt wird. Als Elektronenakzeptor nach Lichtreaktion I kann an Stelle von Ferredoxin auch ein anderer Akzeptor mit negativem Redoxpotential dienen.

. NADPH oder an seiner Stelle auch reduziertes Ferredoxin können über eine Oxidoreduktase und Cytochrom552 oder Plastocyanin photooxidiert werden, wenn für Lichtreaktion I ein geeigneter Elektronenakzeptor zur Verfügung steht, der nicht (wie z. B. Anthrachinon) mit der Oxidoreduktase in einer Dunkelreaktion reagieren kann. Eine geeignete Substanz ist 1,1′ Trimethylen, 2,2′ bipyridylium‐dibromid mit einem Redoxpotential von —550 mV. Heptan‐fragmentierte Chloroplasten benötigen zur NADP‐Reduktion den Zusatz von Plastocyanin oder Cytochrom522, dagegen benötigen sie zur NADPH‐Photooxidation keine Zusätze von Oxidoreduktase oder Cytochrom522. Diesen Befund könnte man als Argument für die parallele Funktion von Cytochrom f und Plastocyanin als Donatoren für Lichtreaktion I werten.

Die NADP‐Photoreduktion auf Kosten künstlicher Elektronendonatoren kann man als ein Teilstück des offenkettigen Elektronentransportes betrachten.

Da Ferredoxin als Kofaktor einer zyklischen Photophosphorylierung in vivo betrachtet wird und für die Beteiligung von Cytochrom f und Oxidoreduktase (G. Forti 1968) in einem zyklischen Elektronentransport ebenfalls Hinweise vorliegen, könnte man die Reaktionen der NADPH‐ und Wasserstoffphotooxidation als Untersuchungs‐ und Meßmethode für die Enzym‐ und Kofaktorabhängigkeiten einer zyklischen Photophosphorylierung verwenden.
Chromosomenzahlen bei Podostemaceen aus den Wasserfällen Venezuelas
Authors: Brücher Heinz
Published: March 2023

Es wurden zum erstenmal bei Podostemaceen aus Venezuela Chromosomenzahlen bestimmt. Die Art Rhyncholacis pennicillata hat n = 20 Chromosomen, während Apinagia spec. n = 14 aufweist. In Analogie zu den verwandten Saxifragaceen und Cariophyllaceen kann auch bei der Familie der Podostemaceen Polyploidie erwartet werden. Aus diesem Grunde wird eine künftige zyto‐taxonomische Bearbeitung dieser Gruppe tropischer Wasserpflanzen angeregt.
Über die Lichtinduktion der geotropen Orientierung von Luft‐ und Bodenwurzeln in Gewebekulturen von Cymbidium
Authors: Werckmeister Peter
Published: March 2023

Proliferierende Meristemkulturen eines unbenannten Klones von Cymbidium zeigten eine starke Hemmung des Wachstums der angelegten, ageotrop orientierten Sprosse und der Entstehung positiv geotroper Nährwurzeln, wenn das Nährmedium voll belichtet wird. Dabei entstehen fast ausschließlich negativ geotrope Luftwurzeln mit Velamen radicum, die ergrünen und deren ergrünende Wurzelspitze negativ phototrop ist. Wird das Nährmedium verdunkelt, so entwickeln sich die angelegten Sprosse bei gleich starker Beleuchtung zu üppigem Wachstum und assimilieren stark, die Proliferation wird gehemmt, worauf sich positiv geotrope Boden‐(Nähr‐)wurzeln entwickeln mit einem dichten Besatz von Wurzelhaaren. Auch die Bodenwurzeln haben eine Velamenzone, die allerdings nur aus zwei bis drei Zellagen besteht, ihre Wurzelhaare haben vereinzelt ebenfalls die gleichen schraubigen Wandverdickungen wie die Velamenzellen.

Werden die bei Verdunkelung entstehenden Bodenwurzeln abermals starker Beleuchtung ausgesetzt, so werden sie wieder negativ geotrop und kehren ihre Wachstumsrichtung um. Sie ergrünen später und stellen in der Reagensglaskultur ihr Wachstum ein.

Spätere Versuche bei schwacher Beleuchtung, im Dauerdunkel und am Klinostaten zeigen, daß diese Steuerung der geotropen Reaktion von der Assimilationsleistung abhängig ist, nicht von einem photoinduktiven Reiz allein. Es ergibt sich also eine eindeutige Beziehung zwischen dem stoffwechselphysiologischen Geschehen und der reizphysiologischen Induktion.

Auch die mikroskopischen Befunde über das Vorhandensein der Plastiden und die Beziehungen zwischen Velamenzellen und Wurzelhaaren weisen darauf hin, daß für den geschilderten Effekt die Beziehung zur Photosynthese entscheidender ist als die Funktion der Luft‐ bzw. Bodenwurzeln.

Dieser Tatsache kommt praktische Bedeutung zu insofern, als sie eine exakte Steuerung der Meristemkulturen ermöglicht und einerseits die Proliferation, andererseits das Erstarkungswachstum der Jungpflanzen zu regeln gestattet.
Zur Polyploidie in der Gattung Centaurea L. Sektion Acrocentron (Compositae)
Authors: Phitos D.
Published: March 2023

1. Folgende Centaurea‐Sippen aus der Sektion Acrocentron wurden cytologisch untersucht: C. graeca (2n = 20), C. spruneri s. str. (2n = 110), C. guicciardii s. str. (2n = 100, 2n = 110), C. guicciardii var. lineariloba (2n = 20) und C. salonitana var. subinermis (2n = 40). Die Chromosomenzahlen der ersten drei genannten Arten werden zum erstenmal mitgeteilt.

2. Das Phänomen der Polyploidie innerhalb der Sektion Acrocentron wird kurz diskutiert. Die Basiszahl von × = 10 für diese Sektion wird bestätigt.
Chromosomenzahlen, Systematik und Differenzierungsmuster von Arabis L. sect. Lomaspora DC. emend. O. E. Schulz (Brassicaceae1)
Authors: Titz Walter
Published: March 2023

Als Lectotypus von Arabis L. sect. Lomaspora DC. emend. O. E. Schulz wird A. pumila Jacq. vorgeschlagen. Einige wesentliche Unterscheidungsmerkmale der drei Arten werden neu formuliert und ihre Chromosomenzahlen bestätigt: A. caerulea All. 2n = 16; A. pumila Jacq. 2n = 16 und 32 (diploid und autotetraploid); A. soyeri Reuter et Huet subsp. subcoriacea (Grenier) Breistr. 2n = 16. Eine klare Trennung der diploiden und tetraploiden A. pumila‐Populationen kann weder pollenstatistisch oder morphologisch noch ökologisch oder geographisch erfolgen. Für A. caerulea und A. pumila ist fakultative Autogamie nachgewiesen, für A. soyeri sehr wahrscheinlich. Hybriden sind selten. Phylogenetisch besehen handelt es sich um eine Gruppe ausdauernder Sippen mit eingeschränktem Rekombinationssystem, die über die Phase divergenter Differenzierung nicht weit hinausgelangt sind; nur A. pumila zeigt Ansätze zur Entwicklung eines Polyploidkomplexes
Die Verbreitung der Anemogamie in mitteleuropäischen Pflanzengesellschaften
Authors: Kugler Hans
Published: March 2023

. Der Anteil anemogamer Arten schwankt in den verschiedenen Pflanzengesellschaften zwischen 100 und 18 %. Er ist im allgemeinen in Dünen‐, Watt‐, Wasser‐, Schilf‐ und Großseggenformationen groß, geringer in Waldgesellschaften und am schwächsten in Trockenrasen

. Diese unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung der verschiedenen Gesellschaften ist in erster Linie durch die Standortsfaktoren bedingt, unter denen im Gegensatz zu Knuth der Wind als Bestäubungsfaktor in unseren Gebieten keine oder nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt

. Hinsichtlich des Blühverlaufs während einer Vegetationsperiode kann die Hauptblüte der Anemogamen gleichzeitig mit der der Entomogamen liegen, meist liegt sie aber früher, seltener später. Es hängt dies besonders von dem Anteil frühblühender Sträucher und Bäume bzw. spätblühender Poaceen und anderer krautiger Vertreter ab
Veränderungen der Nucleinsäure‐Zusammensetzung von Anacystis im Verlaufe langdauernder Anzucht
Authors: Galling Gottfried , Seiler Dörte
Published: March 2023

Die Nucleinsäuren der Blaualge Anacystis nidulans wurden aus Zellen verschiedener Wachstumsphasen einer Kultur isoliert und an MAK‐Säulen chromatographisch aufgetrennt. Aus den Elutionsdiagrammen wurden die Verhältnisse der einzelnen Nucleinsäurespecies untereinander bestimmt. — Der relative Gehalt an DNS nimmt kontinuierlich während der Kultur zu, derjenige der RNS ab. Hierbei ist zunächst die Transfer‐RNS, in späteren Phasen der Kultur nur die ribosomale RNS betroffen. ‐ Nach fraktionierter Zentrifugation des Zellhomogenats ergeben sich Verschiebungen der Nucleinsäurezusammensetzung einzelner Zellfraktionen in Abhängigkeit von der Wachstumsphase. Typisch für die Phase raschen Wachstums scheint das Auftreten ribosomaler RNS in der postribosomalen Fraktion zu sein, die im weiteren nur DNS und Transfer‐RNS enthält
Cytotaxonomische Studien der griechischen Centaurea‐Arten, Sektion Acrocentron (Compositae)
Authors: Phitos D.
Published: March 2023

. Folgende Centaurea‐Sippen aus der Sektion Acrocentron werden cytologisch untersucht: C. spruneri ssp. minoa (2n = 110), C. spruneri ssp. guicciardii (2n = 110), C. raphanina ssp. raphanina (2n = 20) und C. raphanina ssp. mixta (2n = 20). Die Chromosomenzahl von C. spruneri ssp. minoa wird erstmals mitgeteilt

. Die Phylogenie innerhalb der C. spruneri‐Gruppe wird kurz diskutiert