bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new biochemistry connecting pathogen detection to induced defense in plants
Authors: Parker Jane E. , Hessler Giuliana , Cui Haitao
Published: December 2021

Plant cell surface and intracellular immune receptors recognizing pathogen attack utilize the same defense machineries to mobilize resistance. New genetic, protein structural and biochemical information on receptor activation and signaling is transforming understanding of how their shared defense network operates. We discuss the biochemical activities of two classes of intracellular nucleotide‐binding/leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) receptor – one forming a Ca2+ channel, the other an NADase enzyme – which define engagement of enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1)‐family heterodimers and cofunctioning helper NLRs (RNLs) to connect receptor systems and amplify defenses. Toll‐interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain NLR receptors and TIR‐domain proteins, with a capacity to produce NAD+‐derived small molecules, require EDS1 dimers and RNLs for defense induction. The TIR‐driven EDS1/RNL modules emerge as central elements in Ca2+‐based immunity signaling initiated by receptors outside and inside host cells.
Impacts of global change on the phyllosphere microbiome
Authors: Zhu Yong‐Guan , Xiong Chao , Wei Zhong , Chen Qing‐Lin , Ma Bin , Zhou Shu‐Yi‐Dan , Tan Jiaqi , Zhang Li‐Mei , Cui Hui‐Ling , Duan Gui‐Lan
Published: December 2021

Plants form complex interaction networks with diverse microbiomes in the environment, and the intricate interplay between plants and their associated microbiomes can greatly influence ecosystem processes and functions. The phyllosphere, the aerial part of the plant, provides a unique habitat for diverse microbes, and in return the phyllosphere microbiome greatly affects plant performance. As an open system, the phyllosphere is subjected to environmental perturbations, including global change, which will impact the crosstalk between plants and their microbiomes. In this review, we aim to provide a synthesis of current knowledge of the complex interactions between plants and the phyllosphere microbiome under global changes and to identify future priority areas of research on this topic.
Beyond the uncanny: Shirley Jackson’s poetics of alienation
Authors: Angeloch Dominic
Published: December 2021

Shirley Jackson is one of the most important authors of the uncanny of the twentieth century. Forgotten after her death in 1965, she is currently being rediscovered. This paper attributes her mastery to the depiction and evocation of extreme mental states, especially alienation and estrangement from oneself. In the debate on the uncanny dominated by Freud’s essay of the same name, these phenomena, situated at the edges of the uncanny, are usually left out. A reading of Freud’s short text “A disturbance of memory on the Acropolis” (1936), which has so far gone unnoticed in this context, makes it possible to introduce the concepts of “depersonalization” and “derealization” into the conceptual constellation of the uncanny. Against this background, the paper undertakes a close reading of Jackson’s story “The Tooth” (1948). Jackson’s narrative techniques here, as in her later works, are based on a poetics of transgression. The actual subject of the narrative is told by shaping it subliminally: instead of discursively treating the depths of the human psyche, the narrative evokes them directly in its readers. This is the reason why Jackson’s literature is able to convey (self‐)alienation and related phenomena such as dreams and hallucinations so vividly.
The Efficiency of Global Genome‐Nucleotide Excision Repair is Linked to the Fraction of Open rRNA Gene Chromatin, in Yeast†
Authors: Paillé Audrey , Charton Romain , Dholandre Quentin , Conconi Antonio
Published: December 2021

The yeast rDNA locus is a suitable model to study nucleotide excision repair (NER) in chromatin. A portion of rRNA genes is transcribed and largely depleted of nucleosomes, the remaining genes are not transcribed and folded in nucleosomes. In G1‐arrested cells, most rRNA genes do not have nucleosomes. TC‐NER removes UV‐induced DNA lesions from the transcribed strand of active genes. GG‐NER is less efficient and removes DNA lesions from the nontranscribed strand of active genes and from the inactive genome. Different from mammalian cells, in yeast, the rRNA gene‐transcribed strand is repaired by RNA polymerase‐I‐dependent TC‐NER. The opposite nontranscribed strand is repaired faster than both strands of inactive rRNA genes. In log‐phase cells, RNA polymerase‐I are dislodged from the damaged transcribed strand and partially replaced by nucleosomes. Contrary to log‐phase cells, in G1‐phase cells few, if any, histones are deposited on the open rRNA genes during NER. In this study, we compared GG‐NER efficiency in the rRNA gene coding region: without nucleosomes, partially loaded or wholly loaded with nucleosomes. The results indicate that in log‐phase cells histones obstruct GG‐NER, whereas in G1‐phase cells GG‐NER is as efficient as TC‐NER.
The secret of H2S to keep plants young and fresh and its products
Authors: Liu D. , Pei Y.
Published: December 2021

Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a newly determined gasotransmitter, plays important roles in senescence, which is an essential biological process for plant fitness and an important agricultural trait that is critical for the yield and quality of farm produce. Here, in this review, we summarize the roles of H2S in senescence, both before and after the harvesting of agricultural products, and the underlying mechanism is also discussed. During the plant growth process, the function of H2S in the leaf senescence process has been studied extensively, and H2S plays roles during the whole process, including the initiation, reorganization and terminal stages. While during the postharvest stage, H2S can prevents farm products from deterioration resulting from over‐ripening, pathogen attack and incorrect storage. The underlying H2S‐related mechanisms during different stages of the senescence process are summarized and compared. The most prominent interaction occurs between H2S and reactive oxygen species, and the molecular mechanism is explored. Additionally, the conserved action mode of H2S in different life processes and different species is also discussed. In the future, multi‐omics analyses over time will be needed to investigate the detailed mechanisms of H2S, and a safety attribute analysis of H2S is also required before it can be used in agricultural production.
Coping with Cross‐Pressures: The Seamless Garment in Catholic Political Behavior
Authors: Antkowiak Laura S. , Allen Levi G. , Layman Geoffrey C.
Published: December 2021

The Catholic Church is the largest religious denomination in the United States, yet political science lacks a comprehensive account of how the cross‐pressures created by its policy prescriptions structure Catholic political behavior. Because Catholicism's policy positions land on both sides of the contemporary partisan divide—its cultural concerns aligning with the Republican Party and its pro‐social justice stance compatible with Democratic priorities—adherence to Church teaching creates electoral dilemmas for Catholic voters. By juxtaposing existing work on Catholic political behavior with the psychological literature on cognitive dissonance, we form expectations about Catholic adherence to Church policy prescriptions and its implications for electoral choice. We focus empirically on “Seamless Garment Catholics” (SGCs)—those Catholics who share the Church's policy positions—finding that seamless‐garment views are uncommon among Catholic voters, are more common among religiously committed and Latino Catholics, and are discouraged by ties to the two major parties. SGCs are more likely than other Catholics to employ psychological coping mechanisms, such as avoidance and selective perception, to reduce Church‐inspired cognitive dissonance. Our research provides insight into an important electoral bloc that is cross‐pressured uniquely by its faith commitments.
Inequality in Pre‐Industrial Europe (1260–1850): New Evidence From the Labor Share
Authors: Federico Giovanni , Nuvolari Alessandro , Vasta Michelangelo
Published: December 2021

The dynamics of economic inequality and its relationship with economic growth in the preindustrial world is increasingly attracting the attention of both economists and economic historians. In this paper, we tackle this theme by introducing new estimates of the labor share in five major European countries (England, France, Holland, Spain, and Portugal) for the period 1250–1850. Our estimates are constructed using an innovative method based on the conversion of real wages in 2011 PPP $. Overall, we find a complex pattern of evolution of the labor share with major fluctuations. Furthermore, using the inequality possibility frontier (IPF) framework, our results suggest that preindustrial Europe was characterized by a negative relationship between the extraction ratio and GDP.
Associations between student‐athletes’ self‐esteem and career adaptability across the high school years
Authors: Nikander Jaakko A. O. , Aunola Kaisa , Tolvanen Asko , Ryba Tatiana V.
Published: December 2021

The key challenges in sustainable elite sports concern young athletes´ holistic development. Consequently, preparation for dual careers has been recommended to enhance athletes’ well‐being and equip them for life after sports. The aim of this study was to examine the developmental associations between self‐esteem and career adaptability among adolescent athletes across the high school years and investigate the role of gender in these developmental trajectories. A total of 391 student‐athletes were followed up four times from the beginning of high school (T1) to its end (T4) using the Dual‐Career Form of the Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale and the Self‐Esteem Questionnaire. The results indicated that individual differences in student‐athletes’ self‐esteem and career adaptability were relatively stable across the high school years and were thus modeled via the between‐persons factors capturing differences between individuals across time. The results further showed that the overall levels of self‐esteem and career adaptability were positively associated. Males showed higher overall levels of career adaptability and self‐esteem than females. This study suggests that it is important to facilitate youth athletes’ self‐regulation resources by involving them in vocational developmental tasks. Further, gender differences should be considered when supporting student‐athletes’ development.
Outcome of dogs with bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumour
Authors: Salyer Sarah A. , Lapsley Janis M. , Palm Carrie A. , Culp William T. N. , Lundberg Alycen P. , Phillips Heidi , McKenna Charly , Oblak Michelle L. , Hall Robyn , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan , Tremolada Giovanni , Selmic Laura E.
Published: December 2021

Sertoli cell tumours are one of the most common canine testicular neoplasia. These tumours are significantly more likely to arise in cryptorchid dogs and are often functional, oestrogen‐secreting tumours which can lead to fatal myelotoxicity. The goal of this study was to describe the outcome of dogs with oestrogen‐induced bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumours in seven client‐owned dogs. Medical records from April 1, 2011 through April 1, 2021 were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical management of a Sertoli cell tumour with documented bone marrow suppression. Overall, 5/7 dogs required transfusion of blood products peri‐operatively. Cases 1 and 6 received a transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBC) prior to surgery and case 5 required a transfusion of whole blood. Case 1 also required a transfusion of platelets before surgery. Post‐operatively, cases 1 and 2 received packed RBC's and case 6 received two transfusions of whole blood. Case 3 required transfusions of both fresh frozen plasma and platelets post‐operatively. All dogs survived to discharge and 6/7 dogs had documented improvement in haematopoietic values. Two dogs remained chronically thrombocytopenic. The median hospital stay was 4 days. One dog died within 4 weeks of surgery from worsening pancytopenia. Survival for greater than 1 year was documented in 4/7 dogs, and one dog was lost to follow‐up 4 months post‐operatively. One dog remained severely pancytopenic 4 weeks post‐operatively and received oral lithium treatment. Improvements in all blood cell lines were observed within the 4 weeks and resolution of pancytopenia within 6 weeks. Historically, the prognosis for dogs with bone marrow suppression secondary to Sertoli cell tumours was guarded to poor. This report documented improved outcomes for dogs that underwent surgery, including one dog that received lithium chloride as treatment for Sertoli cell tumour‐induced bone marrow suppression.
Impact of early life development on later onset chronic kidney disease and hypertension and the role of evolutionary trade‐offs
Authors: Luyckx Valerie A. , Chevalier Robert L.
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

In this report, we summarize the latest clinical evidence linking developmental programming in the kidney to later life blood pressure and kidney disease.

What advances does it highlight?

Population‐level studies now show convincingly that low birth weight, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with and have a synergistic impact on the risk of kidney disease in later life. A new approach also considers how evolutionary selection pressure might fail to select for long‐term robustness of kidney function.

The global burden of kidney disease is high and rising. The risk of kidney disease among individuals is highly variable, in part related to genetic and environmental factors, but also likely to be modulated by developmental programming of the number of nephrons and kidney function in fetal life. The number of nephrons varies widely across the population and is lower among those who were born small or preterm. Population registry evidence clearly shows an association between these birth circumstances and later‐life risk of hypertension and kidney disease, not only for chronic kidney disease but also for acquired kidney disease, demonstrating an inherent susceptibility to kidney disease in these individuals. Gestational stressors impact kidney development, a process that is likely to be layered upon the evolutionary history of the kidney and how the organ has developed in response to selection pressure to support reproductive capacity in early adulthood, but not to withstand multiple stresses later in life. Reducing the global burden of kidney disease in future generations will require both individual‐ and population/environment‐level risks to be addressed.
What gets on the nerves of cardiac patients? Pathophysiological changes in cardiac innervation
Authors: Clyburn Courtney , Sepe Joseph J. , Habecker Beth A.
Published: December 2021

The autonomic nervous system regulates cardiac function by balancing the actions of sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to the heart. Intrinsic cardiac neurocircuits integrate these autonomic signals to fine‐tune cardiac control, and sensory feedback loops regulate autonomic transmission in the face of external stimuli. These interconnected neural systems allow the heart to adapt to constantly changing circumstances that range from simple fluctuations in body position to running a marathon. The cardiac reflexes that serve to maintain homeostasis in health are disrupted in many disease states. This is often characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic transmission. Studies of cardiovascular disease reveal remodelling of cardiac neurocircuits at several functional and anatomical levels. Central circuits change so that sympathetic pathways become hyperactive, while parasympathetic circuits exhibit decreased activity. Peripheral sensory nerves also become hyperactive in disease, which increases patients’ risk for poor cardiac outcomes. Injury and disease also alter the types of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by autonomic nerves in the heart, and can lead to regional hyperinnervation (increased nerve density) or denervation (decreased nerve density) of cardiac tissue. The mechanisms responsible for neural remodelling are not fully understood, but neurotrophins and inflammatory cytokines are likely involved. Areas of active investigation include the role of immune cells and inflammation in neural remodelling, as well as the role of glia in modulating peripheral neuronal activity. Our growing understanding of autonomic dysfunction in disease has facilitated development of new therapeutic strategies to improve health outcomes.

image
Notch1 promotes ordered revascularization through Semaphorin 3g modulation of downstream vascular patterning signalling factors
Authors: Hyun James , Lee Monica , Rehman Jalees , Pajcini Kostandin V. , Malik Asrar B.
Published: December 2021

Here we genetically and functionally addressed potential pathways of Notch signalling in mediating vascular regeneration in mouse models. We first used transgenic adult mice with either gain‐ or loss‐of‐function Notch signalling in vascular endothelial cells and monitored perfusion in the hindlimb following ischaemia induced by femoral artery ligation. Mice deficient in Notch signalling showed defective perfusion recovery and expansion of collateral arteries. Transcriptomics analysis of arterial endothelial cells in the Notch mutants identified the guidance factor Sema3g as a candidate gene mediating reperfusion downstream of Notch. Studies in the retinal circulation showed the central role of SEMA3G downstream of Notch signalling in the orderly regulation of vascular patterning. These studies in multiple vascular beds show the primacy of Notch signalling and downstream generation of guidance peptides such as SEMA3G in promoting well‐ordered vascular regeneration.

image

Key points

Notch signalling is a critical mediator of revascularization. Yet the cellular processes activated during recovery following vascular injury are incompletely understood. Here we used genetic and cellular approaches in two different vascular beds and cultured endothelial cells to address the generalizability of mechanisms.

By utilizing a highly reproducible murine model of hindlimb ischaemia in transgenic mice in which Notch signalling was inhibited at the transcriptional level, we demonstrated the centrality of Notch signalling in perfusion recovery and revascularization.

RNA‐sequencing of Notch mutants identified class 3 Semaphorins regulated by Notch signalling as downstream targets. Studies in retinal vessels and endothelial cells showed an essential role of guidance peptide Sema3g as a modulator of angiogenesis and orderly vascular patterning.

The Notch to Sema3g signalling axis functions as a feedback mechanism to sculpt the growing vasculature in multiple beds.
A simple alternative to the relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution
Authors: Giacosa Francesco , Okopińska Anna , Shastry Vanamali
Published: December 2021

First, we discuss the conditions under which the non-relativistic and relativistic types of the Breit–Wigner energy distributions are obtained. Then, upon insisting on the correct normalization of the energy distribution, we introduce a Flatté-like relativistic distribution -denominated as Sill distribution- that (i) contains left-threshold effects, (ii) is properly normalized for any decay width, (iii) can be obtained as an appropriate limit in which the decay width is a constant, (iv) is easily generalized to the multi-channel case (v) as well as to a convoluted form in case of a decay chain and - last but not least - (vi) is simple to deal with. We compare the Sill distribution to spectral functions derived within specific QFT models and show that it fairs well in concrete examples that involve a fit to experimental data for the $$\rho $$
ρ
, $$a_1(1260)$$

a
1

(
1260
)

, and $$K^*(982)$$

K
∗

(
982
)

mesons as well as the $$\varDelta (1232)$$

Δ
(
1232
)

baryon. We also present a study of the $$f_2(1270)$$

f
2

(
1270
)

which has more than one possible decay channels. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the Sill distribution using the $$a_0(980)$$

a
0

(
980
)

-$$a_0(1450)$$

a
0

(
1450
)

and the $$K_0^*(700)$$

K
0
∗

(
700
)

-$$K_0^*(1430)$$

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

resonances as examples.
Magnetic moment quenching in small Pd clusters in solution
Authors: Hammon Sebastian , Leppert Linn , Kümmel Stephan
Published: December 2021

Small palladium clusters in vacuum show pronounced magnetic moments. With the help of Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory, we investigate for the paradigmatic examples of the Pd$$_{13}$$

13

and the Pd$$_8$$

8

cluster whether these magnetic moments prevail when the clusters are solvated. Our results show that the interaction with acetophenone quenches the magnetic moment. The reduction of the magnetic moment is a direct consequence of the electronic interaction between the Pd clusters and the solvent molecules, and not an indirect effect due to a different cluster geometry being stabilized by the solvation shell.

Graphical Abstract
Review and outlook of accelerator-related codes and their interplay with the experiments software
Authors: Boscolo Manuela , Burkhardt Helmut , Ganis Gerardo , Helsens Clément
Published: December 2021

Powerful flexible computer codes are essential for the design and optimisation of accelerator and experiments. We briefly review what already exists and what is needed in terms of accelerator codes. For the FCC-ee, it will be important to include the effects of beamstrahlung and beam–beam interaction as well as machine imperfections and sources of beam-induced backgrounds relevant for the experiments and consider the possibility of beam polarisation. The experiment software Key4hep, which aims to provide a common software stack for future experiments, is described, and the possibility of extending this concept to machine codes is discussed. We analyse how to interface and connect the accelerator and experiment codes in an efficient and flexible way for optimisation of the FCC-ee interaction region design and discuss the possibility of using shared data formats as an interface.
THE CONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN THE SENTIMENT INDEX AND STOCK RETURN VOLATILITY UNDER COVID-19: A TIME-VARYING PARAMETER VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION APPROACH
Authors: ZHANG WENTING , HAMORI SHIGEYUKI
Published: December 2021

We analyze the connectedness between the sentiment index and the return and volatility of the crude oil, stock and gold markets by employing the time-varying parameter vector autoregression model vis-à-vis the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. Our sentiment index is constructed via text mining technology. We also employ a network to visualize and better understand the structure of the connectedness. The results confirm that the sentiment index is the net pairwise directional connectedness receiver, while the infectious disease equity market volatility tracker is the transmitter. Furthermore, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the total connectedness of volatility is unprecedented.
AGGREGATE MARKUP DYNAMICS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: WEN YUE
Published: December 2021

Unlike previous studies that focus on the change of firm-level markup, this study focuses on the change of industry-level aggregate markup. From the data of China’s manufacturing firms in 1999–2007, this study exploits the dynamic change of aggregate markup by using the decomposition method which is proposed by Melitz and Polanec (2015). The result shows that China’s manufacturing aggregate markup has an upward trend during the sample period, which mainly comes from the contribution of surviving firms. On the contrary, the contribution of entering and exiting firms to the aggregate markup is negative. Further analysis shows that trade liberalization is one of the reasons to promote the increase of China’s manufacturing aggregate markup. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the dynamic change of the aggregate markup.
The fate of the trace anomaly in a finite formulation of field theory
Authors: Mathiot Jean-François
Published: December 2021

Within the framework of the recently proposed Taylor–Lagrange regularization scheme which leads to finite elementary amplitudes in four-dimensional space–time with no additional dimensionful scales — we show that the trace of the energy–momentum tensor does not show any anomalous contribution even though quantum corrections are considered. Moreover, since the only renormalization we can think of within this scheme is a finite renormalization of the bare parameters to give the physical ones, the canonical dimension of quantum fields is also preserved by the use of this regularization scheme.
New graphical observations for KdV equation and KdV–Burgers equation using modified auxiliary equation method
Authors: Akram Ghazala , Sadaf Maasoomah , Zainab Iqra
Published: December 2021

This study is made to extract the exact solutions of Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers (KdVB) equation and Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The original idea of this work is to investigate KdV equation and KdVB equation for possible closed form solutions by employing the modified auxiliary equation (MAE) method. Exact traveling wave solutions of the considered equations are retrieved in the form of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Kink, periodic and singular wave patterns are obtained from the constructed solutions. The graphical illustration of the wave solutions is presented using 3D-surface plots to acquire the understanding of physical behavior of the obtained results up to possible extent.
Gravitational waves in the extended theory of gravity
Authors: Chowdhury Sourav Roy , Khlopov Maxim
Published: December 2021

Extended theories of gravity are considered as a new approach for solving the infrared and ultraviolet scale problems; the standard theory of gravity (general relativity) and observational evidence of gravitational waves and subsequent identification of the number of existing polarizations are an effective tool for testing general relativity and extended theories of gravity. The Newman–Penrose method is used to characterize the polarization modes for specific forms of [Formula: see text] in the present study. Both the forms of the [Formula: see text] theory belong to far more general variational class of gravitational waves, capable of presenting up to six separate polarizations states. We have introduced a new [Formula: see text] gravity model as an attempt to have a theory with more parametric regulations so that the model can be used to describe existing issues and discover different directions in gravity physics. The primary goal of this research is to look into the properties of gravitational waves with new cases. The model shows the existence of scalar degrees of freedom in [Formula: see text] gravity metric notation.
The SVOM mission
Authors: Atteia J.-L. , Cordier B. , Wei J.
Published: December 2021

The Sino-French space mission SVOM is mainly designed to detect, localize and follow-up Gamma-Ray Bursts and other high-energy transients. The satellite, to be launched mid 2023, embarks two wide-field gamma-ray instruments and two narrow-field telescopes operating at X-ray and optical wavelengths. It is complemented by a dedicated ground segment encompassing a set of wide-field optical cameras and two 1-m class follow-up telescopes. In this contribution, we describe the main characteristics of the mission and discuss its scientific rationale and some original GRB studies that it will enable.
Intramolecular charge transfer-based linear and nonlinear optical properties of a D–π–A–π–D type organic chromophore: Experimental and computational approach
Authors: Mehkoom Mohd , Ali Abid , Jane Alam Mohammad , Ali Farman , Afzal S. M. , Ahmad Shabbir
Published: December 2021

In the sight of the present demand of scientific exploration in nonlinear optics (NLO), we synthesized a symmetric donor–[Formula: see text]–acceptor–[Formula: see text]–donor (D–[Formula: see text]–A–[Formula: see text]–D) type organic chromophore [2-[2,6-di((E)-styryl)]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene]malononitrile (M1) for linear and nonlinear optical studies. The structural character of the compound M1 was confirmed using 1H NMR, [Formula: see text]C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in molecule M1 has been analyzed using absorption and fluorescence spectrometry in different nonpolar and polar solvents. The optical bandgap, optical conductivity, and linear refractive index of M1 were also calculated using UV–Vis absorption spectrum in CHCl3. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was also carried out to check the thermal stability of the compound M1 and it was found to be thermally stable up to 200∘C. Furthermore, the third-order optical nonlinearity in M1 has been investigated elaborately using the [Formula: see text]-scan technique with a continuous wave (CW) diode laser at 520[Formula: see text]nm. The nonlinear absorption ([Formula: see text]), nonlinear refraction ([Formula: see text]), and nonlinear optical susceptibility ([Formula: see text]) were computed for various solution concentrations as well as several laser powers and the magnitude of all the parameters were found to vary linearly with concentration and power. The magnitude of two-photon absorption cross-section ([Formula: see text]) was also calculated and found to be of the order of 10[Formula: see text] GM. The optical limiting performance of the compound was also studied in different solution concentrations using the same laser. Furthermore, DFT and TD-DFT theoretical calculations were performed for the support of experimental results.
The compactness of minimizing sequences for a nonlinear Schrödinger system with potentials
Authors: Ikoma Norihisa , Miyamoto Yasuhito
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider the following minimizing problem with two constraints: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is defined by [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] Here [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] are given functions. For [Formula: see text], we consider two cases: (i) both of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are bounded, (ii) one of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is bounded. Under some assumptions on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we discuss the compactness of any minimizing sequence.
A New Method for Arabic Text Detection in Natural Scene Images
Authors: Gaddour Houda , Kanoun Slim , Vincent Nicole
Published: December 2021

Text in scene images can provide useful and vital information for content-based image analysis. Therefore, text detection and script identification in images are an important task. In this paper, we propose a new method for text detection in natural scene images, particularly for Arabic text, based on a bottom-up approach where four principal steps can be highlighted. The detection of extremely stable and homogeneous regions of interest (ROIs) is based on the Color Stability and Homogeneity Regions (CSHR) proposed technique. These regions are then labeled as textual or non-textual ROI. This identification is based on a structural approach. The textual ROIs are grouped to constitute zones according to spatial relations between them. Finally, the textual or non-textual nature of the constituted zones is refined. This last identification is based on handcrafted features and on features built from a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) after learning. The proposed method was evaluated on the databases used for text detection in natural scene images: the competitions organized in 2017 edition of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR2017), the Urdu-text database and our Natural Scene Image Database for Arabic Text detection (NSIDAT) database. The obtained experimental results seem to be interesting.
Clinical drug response prediction from preclinical cancer cell lines by logistic matrix factorization approach
Authors: Emdadi Akram , Eslahchi Changiz
Published: December 2021

Predicting tumor drug response using cancer cell line drug response values for a large number of anti-cancer drugs is a significant challenge in personalized medicine. Predicting patient response to drugs from data obtained from preclinical models is made easier by the availability of different knowledge on cell lines and drugs. This paper proposes the TCLMF method, a predictive model for predicting drug response in tumor samples that was trained on preclinical samples and is based on the logistic matrix factorization approach. The TCLMF model is designed based on gene expression profiles, tissue type information, the chemical structure of drugs and drug sensitivity (IC 50) data from cancer cell lines. We use preclinical data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer dataset (GDSC) to train the proposed drug response model, which we then use to predict drug sensitivity of samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The TCLMF approach focuses on identifying successful features of cell lines and drugs in order to calculate the probability of the tumor samples being sensitive to drugs. The closest cell line neighbours for each tumor sample are calculated using a description of similarity between tumor samples and cell lines in this study. The drug response for a new tumor is then calculated by averaging the low-rank features obtained from its neighboring cell lines. We compare the results of the TCLMF model with the results of the previously proposed methods using two databases and two approaches to test the model’s performance. In the first approach, 12 drugs with enough known clinical drug response, considered in previous methods, are studied. For 7 drugs out of 12, the TCLMF can significantly distinguish between patients that are resistance to these drugs and the patients that are sensitive to them. These approaches are converted to classification models using a threshold in the second approach, and the results are compared. The results demonstrate that the TCLMF method provides accurate predictions across the results of the other algorithms. Finally, we accurately classify tumor tissue type using the latent vectors obtained from TCLMF’s logistic matrix factorization process. These findings demonstrate that the TCLMF approach produces effective latent vectors for tumor samples. The source code of the TCLMF method is available in https://github.com/emdadi/TCLMF .
Norm form equations and linear divisibility sequences
Authors: Bellah Elisa
Published: December 2021

Finding integer solutions to norm form equations is a classical Diophantine problem. Using the units of the associated coefficient ring, we can produce sequences of solutions to these equations. It is known that these solutions can be written as tuples of linear recurrence sequences. We show that for certain families of norm forms defined over quartic fields, there exist integrally equivalent forms making any one fixed coordinate sequence a linear divisibility sequence.
Synthesis and Near-Field Enhancement of Composite Nanoarrays Based on Electrodeposition and in Situ Reaction
Authors: Wu Jing , Shen Jiali , Fang Jinghuai , Xu Lu
Published: December 2021

Since the morphology and element composition of metal nanostructures strongly affect the surface plasma oscillation characteristics, it has been widely concerned in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Herein, we proposed a novel route to fabricate composite Au/Ag nanoparticle arrays with synergistic effect for electromagnetic enhancement. Ag nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto a home-made template with highly ordered bowl-like pits. After a novel method of “confined annealing”, we further achieved well-regulated spherical Ag NP arrays, and the composite Au/Ag nanoparticle arrays were finally obtained via in situ replacement. The fabricated composite nanostructures showed stable and sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance mainly due to the synergistic effect and abundant “hot spots”, with the enhancement factor (EF) of [Formula: see text] for crystal violet (CV) molecules. In addition, this simple and effective preparation process greatly improved the uniformity of three-dimensional nanostructures, providing a new idea for further improving the stability of SERS signals.
Injective edge-coloring of subcubic graphs
Authors: Ferdjallah Baya , Kerdjoudj Samia , Raspaud André
Published: December 2021

An injective edge-coloring [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is an edge-coloring such that if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are three consecutive edges in [Formula: see text] (they are consecutive if they form a path or a cycle of length three), then [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] receive different colors. The minimum integer [Formula: see text] such that, [Formula: see text] has an injective edge-coloring with [Formula: see text] colors, is called the injective chromatic index of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). This parameter was introduced by Cardoso et al. [Injective coloring of graphs, Filomat 33(19) (2019) 6411–6423, arXiv:1510.02626] motivated by the Packet Radio Network problem. They proved that computing [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is NP-hard. We give new upper bounds for this parameter and we present the relationships of the injective edge-coloring with other colorings of graphs. We study the injective edge-coloring of some classes of subcubic graphs. We prove that a subcubic bipartite graph has an injective chromatic index bounded by [Formula: see text]. We also prove that if [Formula: see text] is a subcubic graph with maximum average degree less than [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]), then [Formula: see text] admits an injective edge-coloring with at most 4 (respectively, [Formula: see text]) colors. Moreover, we establish a tight upper bound for subcubic outerplanar graphs.
Strong chromatic index of generalized Jahangir graphs and generalized Helm graphs
Authors: Thiru Vikram Srinivasan , Balaji S.
Published: December 2021

The strong edge coloring of a graph G is a proper edge coloring that assigns a different color to any two edges which are at most two edges apart. The minimum number of color classes that contribute to such a proper coloring is said to be the strong chromatic index of G. This paper defines the strong chromatic index for the generalized Jahangir graphs and the generalized Helm graphs.
Association between rs20456 and rs6930913 of Kinesin-Like Family 6 and Hypertension in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Chen Yan-li , Zheng Li-Qiang , Li Tie-Jun , Sun Zhao-Qing , Hao Ying , Wu Bao-Gang , Sun Ying-Xian
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between kinesin-like family 6 (KIF6) polymorphisms and hypertension in a northeast Chinese cohort. In this study, two single nucleotide polymorphisms of KIF6 (rs20456 and rs6930913) and their haplotype were analyzed in 382 hypertension patients and 378 controls with SHEsis analysis platform, and the gene-environmental interactions were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors, significantly lower risk of hypertension was observed in participants with genotype TC (0.416 (CI 0.299–0.578),

p
<
0.001

) and CC (0.577 (0.389–0.857),

p
=
0.007

) of rs20456 compared with TT. For rs6930913, allele T (0.522 (0.386–0.704),

p
<
0.001

), genotype TT (0.325 (0.205–0.515),

p
<
0.001

), and genotype CT (0.513 (0.379–0.693),

p
<
0.001

) were significantly associated with lower risk of hypertension than allele C and CC genotype, respectively. Gene-environment analyses confirmed the significant influence on hypertension by the interactions between genotypes distribution in rs20456 (CT:

p
=
0.036

, TT:

p
=
0.022

) and smoking status. No interactions were found between smoking and rs6930913, except those with dominant or recessive genetic models (both

P

s

=
0.006

). There were no interactions between KIF6 and overweight (all

P

s

>
0.05

). Haplotype analyses showed that CC (

p
=
0.005

) and TC (

p
=
0.001

) of rs20456 and rs6930913 were significantly associated with a statistically increased risk of hypertension. The false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was used to verify significant findings. In conclusions, KIF6 might affect the susceptibility of hypertension. The allele C (rs20456) and allele T (rs690913) were inclined to protect individuals from hypertension both in genotype and haplotype analyses.
Stability Analysis of Rock Slope with Multilayer Weak Interlayer
Authors: Li Jinglong , Zhang Bo , Sui Bin
Published: December 2021

The existence of the weak interlayer of the rock slope changes its mechanical characteristics. To ensure the safety of the slope, it is necessary to analyze the overall stability of the slope. Taking the double‐layer weak interlayer rock slope beside 318 National Road in Qiyue Mountain, Hubei Province, as an example, a slope model with a weak interlayer was established through GTS software, and the model was imported into FLAC3D for calculation, and the deformation of the slope by the double‐layer soft interlayer was studied. The influence of characteristics and safety factors reveals the controlling effect of the double‐layer weak interlayer on the stability of the slope and its failure mode. The potential sliding surface of the slope is determined to be the lower weak interlayer, and the weak interlayer after the anchor cable reinforcement is carried out. Numerical analysis shows that the reasonable application of anchor cables significantly improves slope stability. The research results can provide reference significance for slope stability analysis of similar projects.
A Novel Image Encryption Technique Based on Mobius Transformation
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Mairaj Sibgha , Saeed Zafar , Ashraf M. Usman , Jambi Kamal , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad
Published: December 2021

The nonlinear transformation concedes as S‐box which is responsible for the certainty of contemporary block ciphers. Many kinds of S‐boxes are planned by various authors in the literature. Construction of S‐box with a powerful cryptographic analysis is the vital step in scheming block cipher. Through this paper, we give more powerful and worthy S‐boxes and compare their characteristics with some previous S‐boxes employed in cryptography. The algorithm program planned in this paper applies the action of projective general linear group PGL(2, GF(28)) on Galois field GF(28). The proposed S‐boxes are constructed by using Mobius transformation and elements of Galois field. By using this approach, we will encrypt an image which is the preeminent application of S‐boxes. These S‐boxes offer a strong algebraic quality and powerful confusion capability. We have tested the strength of the proposed S‐boxes by using different tests, BIC, SAC, DP, LP, and nonlinearity. Furthermore, we have applied these S‐boxes in image encryption scheme. To check the strength of image encryption scheme, we have calculated contrast, entropy, correlation, energy, and homogeneity. The results assured that the proposed scheme is better. The advantage of this scheme is that we can secure our confidential image data during transmission.
Developing Machine Learning and Statistical Tools to Evaluate the Accessibility of Public Health Advice on Infectious Diseases among Vulnerable People
Authors: Xie Wenxiu , Ji Meng , Zhao Mengdan , Lam Kam-Yiu , Chow Chi-Yin , Hao Tianyong
Published: December 2021

Background. From Ebola, Zika, to the latest COVID‐19 pandemic, outbreaks of highly infectious diseases continue to reveal severe consequences of social and health inequalities. People from low socioeconomic and educational backgrounds as well as low health literacy tend to be affected by the uncertainty, complexity, volatility, and progressiveness of public health crises and emergencies. A key lesson that governments have taken from the ongoing coronavirus pandemic is the importance of developing and disseminating highly accessible, actionable, inclusive, coherent public health advice, which represent a critical tool to help people with diverse cultural, educational backgrounds and varying abilities to effectively implement health policies at the grassroots level. Objective. We aimed to translate the best practices of accessible, inclusive public health advice (purposefully designed for people with low socioeconomic and educational background, health literacy levels, limited English proficiency, and cognitive/functional impairments) on COVID‐19 from health authorities in English‐speaking multicultural countries (USA, Australia, and UK) to adaptive tools for the evaluation of the accessibility of public health advice in other languages. Methods. We developed an optimised Bayesian classifier to produce probabilistic prediction of the accessibility of official health advice among vulnerable people including migrants and foreigners living in China. We developed an adaptive statistical formula for the rapid evaluation of the accessibility of health advice among vulnerable people in China. Results. Our study provides needed research tools to fill in a persistent gap in Chinese public health research on accessible, inclusive communication of infectious diseases’ prevention and management. For the probabilistic prediction, using the optimised Bayesian machine learning classifier (GNB), the largest positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 16.685 (95% confidence interval: 4.35, 64.04) was identified when the probability threshold was set at 0.2 (sensitivity: 0.98; specificity: 0.94). Conclusion. Effective communication of health risks through accessible, inclusive, actionable public advice represents a powerful tool to reduce health inequalities amidst health crises and emergencies. Our study translated the best‐practice public health advice developed during the pandemic into intuitive machine learning classifiers for health authorities to develop evidence‐based guidelines of accessible health advice. In addition, we developed adaptive statistical tools for frontline health professionals to assess accessibility of public health advice for people from non‐English speaking backgrounds.
The Effect of Smoking on Salivary Calcium Levels, Calcium Intake, and Bleeding on Probing in Female
Authors: Tjahajawati Sri , Rafisa Anggun , Lestari Endah Ayu
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Smoking is a bad habit that affects both systemic and oral conditions. Nicotine in cigarettes reduces estrogen production that can alter salivary calcium levels. Nicotine also causes vasoconstriction of the gingival blood vessels and decreases gingival bleeding. Low dietary calcium intake is also suspected to influence the low serum calcium levels in smokers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of smoking on salivary calcium levels, calcium intake, and BOP in women. Method. This was an analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 26 female smokers and 37 nonsmokers. Unstimulated saliva was collected by the spitting method. Salivary calcium levels were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The calcium intake was obtained by the Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. BOP was measured by a gingival bleeding index by Ainamo and Bay in 1975. Results. All the basic characteristics including age, BMI, level of education, and occupation were statistically different between groups. The mean calcium level of female smokers was significantly lower than that of nonsmokers, whereas the mean BOP of female smokers was significantly higher. The total calcium intake per day of the two groups was not statistically different. The mean salivary calcium level and BOP decreased when the duration of smoking was longer. There was a positive correlation between salivary calcium level and BOP in the smokers’ group. Conclusion. A low level of education may be contributing to the smoking habit of subjects in this study. Salivary calcium levels were correlated with BOP in female smokers, which might be affected by the duration of smoking.