bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beliefs and Practices of Therapists who Practice Sexual Reorientation Psychotherapy
Authors: Nicolosi Joseph , Byrd A. Dean , Potts Richard W.
Published: August 2011

There is currently controversy regarding whether sexual reorientation or conversion therapies are ethical and effective forms of treatment for dissatisfied homosexually oriented people. We present the results of a survey of 206 psychotherapists who practice sexual conversion therapy. 187 therapists said they believed homosexuality is a developmental disorder and that the 1973 decision by the American Psychiatric Association to “depathologize” homosexuality was politically motivated and unscientific. The therapists believe that the majority of dissatisfied homosexually oriented clients who seek conversion therapy benefit from it, experiencing both changes in their sexual orientation and improved psychological functioning. We conclude that therapists who persist in providing reorientation therapy do so because they believe it is an effective and ethical treatment option for their clients.
Psychological and Demographic Predictors of Successful Weight Loss following Silastic Ring Vertical Stapled Gastroplasty
Authors: Rowe Jennifer L. , Downey Jerrold E. , Faust Mark , Horn Myron J.
Published: August 2011

To identify psychological factors involved in obesity 45 individuals (40 women and 5 men), ranging in age from 21 to 54 years ( M age = 41 yr.), who were candidates for silastic ring vertical stapled gastroplasty were assessed on the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory and the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory-III. In addition, a number of demographic variables such as education, marital status, and age of onset of obesity were considered. Analysis indicated that significant predictors of weight loss at a 6-mo. postoperative assessment include age of onset of obesity and scores on the Schizoid scale of the Millon-III. These findings may be of assistance in identifying personality variables associated with changes in weight if replicated in a larger sample.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory
Authors: Kijima Nobuhiko , Tanaka Eriko , Suzuki Nobuko , Higuchi Hina , Kitamura Toshinori
Published: August 2011

The Temperament and Character Inventory was translated into Japanese, and, to confirm the psychometric properties of the inventory, three samples were recruited from a nonpatient population. In nonpatient population A ( N = 555), the full version (240 items) of the inventory with dichotomous measuring, along with the General Health Questionnaire and the Social Desirability Scale, were distributed to the subjects. Factor analyses of the subscales showed that the factor structure of the inventory was consistent with Cloninger's theory. Correlations of the scale scores with the General Health Questionnaire and the Social Desirability Scale scores were almost negligible, indicating that the scale is resistant to the current psychopathology and response bias. In this and the other two university student samples ( ns = 395 and 377), Cronbach coefficients α of the scale scores were substantially high except for the short version (125 items) of the inventory with dichotomous measures. The Japanese version of the inventory appears to have internal reliability and content and construct validity in a Japanese population.
Comment on Gadzella and Penland (1995): Creativity and Critical Thinking
Authors: Bisset I. M.
Published: August 2011

The moderate correlations reported by Gadzella and Penland in 1995 for scores on the 16PF Creativity scale with scores in the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal are interpreted within the context of literature, suggesting the 16PF Creativity scale may be regarded as reflecting personality traits related to both cognitive style and decision making as well as general ability. This allows development of further hypotheses.
Effects of Low Doses of Caffeine on Aggressive Behavior of Male Rats
Authors: Wilson Josephine F. , Nugent Nicole R. , Baltes Jonathan E. , Tokunaga Sayaka , Canic Tarik , Young Brandt W. , Bellinger Ellishia R. , Delac David T. , Golston Glenda A. L. , Hendershot Dana M.
Published: August 2011

To date, the effect of low doses of caffeine on aggression has not been systematically examined. Doses of caffeine greater than 30 mg/kg appear to reduce social interaction and aggression in all species studied. In a double blind study of the effects of low doses of caffeine on aggression, rats were housed four per cage, and aggressive behavior against an intruder was recorded during baseline and following administration of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg caffeine. Aggressive behavior was significantly increased following administration of the higher doses of caffeine. Doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg caffeine all were effective in increasing pushing behavior, whereas doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg were most effective in increasing boxing behavior, and a dose of 10 mg/kg was significantly more effective than other doses in increasing chasing and roll-tumble-bite behaviors. Based on these results and other published reports, the inverted-U shaped dose-dependent effect of caffeine on aggression appears to apply, with aggressive behavior being most elevated following doses of 5–20 mg/kg caffeine, less elevated following 2.5 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg, and significantly reduced with doses above 40 mg/kg and at doses below 2.5 mg/kg.
Recognition of Asymmetric Alterations to Pictures of Cats and Geometric Shapes: Effects of Method and Type of Alteration
Authors: Ando Michiyo
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated the effects of the method of alteration (introduction or restoration) and the effects of type of alteration (addition or deletion) on recognition of animate objects and geometric figures. Stimuli were pictures in which a feature was added to an original, deleted, or unchanged. After viewing a series of pictures, participants were tested for recognition. Results showed participants rejected pictures with deleted features more accurately than those with added features even when stimuli were made by both methods of alteration. An effect of type of alteration was observed for introduction of alterations into both original pictures of cats and of geometric figures. These results differed from previous studies. It is suggested that the effects of method of alteration and type of alteration on recognition of pictures of animate objects is different from those of inanimate objects and that the effects of method of alteration on recognition should be considered an important variable in these studies of recognition.
Social Adjustment in Bipolar and Unipolar Single-Episode and Recurrently Depressed Inpatients
Authors: Dorz Stella , Magni Guido , Cognolato Sabrina , Conforti Donatella , Fiorellini Antonio Luciano , Scarso Caterina , Borgherini Giuseppe
Published: August 2011

Social adjustment scores were compared using the Social Adjustment Scale for 24 inpatients with single-episode major depression, 72 with recurrent major depression, and 28 with bipolar disorder. There were no differences between the three groups either in overall score or on single scales.
The 1999 Balkan War: Changes in Ratings of Values and Prowar Attitudes among French Students
Authors: BÈgue Laurent , Apostolidis Thémistoklis
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the association of Kosovo's 1999 war with a value rating of 56 female French students and links between values evaluated at two times (before and during the war) and attitudes towards the Balkan war. Subjects completed a survey of 15 values by means of a 9-point Likert-type scale one month before the beginning of the Balkan war (Time 1) and during the war, 3 mo. later (Time 2). Attitude towards the war was also measured by means of a 4-item scale completed at Time 2. Analysis indicated two slight unpredicted shifts: Universalism and Stimulation value-types were rated higher at Time 2 than at Time 1. Moreover, two value-types were consistently correlated both at Times 1 and 2 with prowar attitudes: conformity ( r = .29 and .27) and universalism ( r = –.29 and –.43). This latter result, consistent with our hypothesis, suggested that individuals' values represent modest but significant correlates of prowar attitudes.
Attitudes toward Death-Related Choices
Authors: Crain Eric J. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In 99 high school students, attitudes toward abortion, capital punishment, and suicide were not associated.
Psychosocial Predictors of Depression among Central American Immigrants
Authors: Hovey Joseph D.
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated the relationship between stress and depression associated with acculturation among Central American immigrants (64 women, 14 men) and identified the best predictors of depression among Central American immigrants. Elevated acculturative stress was significantly associated with higher depression. Family dysfunction, ineffective social support, lack of hopefulness toward the future, and low socioeconomic status were also significantly associated with high depression. The overall findings suggest that Central American immigrants who report high acculturative stress may be “at risk” for experiencing depression and that effective family and social support, hopefulness toward the future, and socioeconomic status may serve to protect against depression during acculturation.
Categorization of Videogames: Some Comments on ‘Children and Electronic Games’ by Funk, et al.
Authors: Griffiths Mark
Published: August 2011

Comments are made on an article by Funk, et al. about children and electronic games. This author argues the cross-cultural differences and developmental effects must be taken into account and that the categorization system of videogames based on content is incomplete or too general to cover the complex actions of contemporary videogames. These factors alone may have implications for research.
Response Times in Attitudinal Items as Indicators of the Continuous Accessibility of Knowledge Related to Attitudes
Authors: Naumann Johannes , Richter Tobias
Published: August 2011

In the paradigm of social cognition, the measurement of response latencies is important not only for priming procedures directed at the cognitive representation, but also for the assessment of strength-related properties of attitudes. The present paper explored the possibility of using response times as indicators of the continuous accessibility of attitude-relevant knowledge. For two different sets of attitudinal items concerning social welfare (idiographic and nomothetic selection) response times were obtained from a sample of 20 university students. In addition to different reliability coefficients for aggregated response times, information about individual subjects' consistencies and stabilities was obtained. Further, evidence for the validity of response times as indicators of the continuous accessibility of attitude-related knowledge is reported. The aggregated response times had significant correlations with self-report data and interview-related variables (such as number of propositions mentioned) which were obtained by a content analysis of semistructured interviews.
Family and Individual Correlates of Academic Goal Orientations: Social Context Differences in South Africa
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin , Mboya Mzobanzi
Published: August 2011

This study examined relationships between distal social contexts, parents' support for learning, self-concept, and adolescents' academic goal orientations. Data were collected from 435 female and 410 male 18-yr.-old South Africans. Multistage regression analyses indicated that family social status and rural/urban locality had unmediated relations with the adolescents' learning and performance goal orientations. In addition, parent and self-concept measures combined to have small independent associations with the adolescents' academic goal orientations.
Text Processing and Feedback: What Have We Learned?
Authors: Langer Philip , Keenan Verne
Published: August 2011

In studies on the effects of feedback on text comprehension, it was determined that text content interacts differentially with the feedback provided. Specifically, the types of memorial representations sought must be considered in terms of type of text, feedback timing, frequency, and modality.
Application of the New Method for the Rescorla-Wagner Model to a Probabilistic Learning Situation
Authors: Yamaguchi Makoto
Published: August 2011

The author recently showed that it is not always necessary to perform simulations to derive predictions from the Rescorla-Wagner model, and presented an alternative method. In this article, the method is applied to an influential experimental paradigm: base-rate neglect.
Semantic Category Discrimination and N400
Authors: Yano Takemi , Kaga Makiko
Published: August 2011

14 subjects performed a semantic category-discrimination task in which they were presented pairs of words and asked to judge whether these belonged to the same category Three semantic distance conditions, established for the word pairs on the basis of a survey, were semantically close condition (mammals and birds condition) and two semantically distant conditions (mammals and tools condition and birds and tools condition). The reaction times and the percentage of errors were significantly greatest for the mammals and bird condition. There were no significant differences among the three different conditions in N400 latency for target, but the amplitude of N400 tended to be largest for the mammal and bird condition. Comparison N400 of prime and target for each of the conditions showed that the latency for prime was longer than for target in all three conditions.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Reliability of the Mental Health Inventory for Australian Adolescents
Authors: Heubeck Bernd G. , Neill James T.
Published: August 2011

Ostroff, Woolverton, Berry, and Lesko in 1996 examined the adolescent subsample of Veit and Ware's 1983 normative data for the Mental Health Inventory and recommended a two-factor rather than the original five-factor model for the assessment of adolescents' mental health. Analysis of a 30-item version with a new independent sample of 878 adolescents in another English-speaking country supported a two-factor model of psychological well-being and distress for boys and girls. Internal consistency was > .9, and scores were stable (~.7) over a 10-wk. period. Boys reported slightly better mental health than girls, as in the original American research.
Self-Destructiveness and Manic-Depressive Tendencies
Authors: D'Alessandro Melissa , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 72 undergraduates, scores on Thalbourne, et al.'s measure of manic and depressive tendencies were associated with those on one of general self-destructive tendencies.
Gender Stereotypes after Thirty Years: A Replication of Rosenkrantz, et al. (1968)
Authors: Nesbitt Muriel N. , Penn Nolan E.
Published: August 2011

This study is a partial replication of the 1968 investigation by Rosenkrantz, Vogel, Bee, Broverman, and Broverman of gender stereotypes among college students. Like the students studied 30 years ago, male and female participants in this study showed very high agreement about the typical characteristics of men and women. However, current participants identified significantly fewer gender stereotypes than did those in the earlier study. In contrast to the participants in the original study, current participants judged the traits they associated with women to be significantly more socially desirable, in general, than the traits they associated with men.
Attribution of Aggression to Acts: A Four-Factor Model
Authors: Björkqvist Kaj , Lindström Marianne , Pehrsson Marina
Published: August 2011

Factors determining why acts are regarded as aggressive were investigated in a sample of 303 subjects (140 males, 163 females, M age = 17.7 yr., SD = 1.4). A model was tested, according to which people base their attribution of aggression to acts on four factors: (1) intention (yes/no), (2) reason (attack/defense), (3) injury (death/injury/no injury), and (4) mode (weapon/bare hands/nonphysical means). All four factors contributed to the explanation of attribution of aggression, and the order of importance was the one mentioned above, intention being most important. The interaction between intention and reason was the second most important, contributing more than reason alone. The findings are consistent with the severity of punishment in sentences for different crimes of violence.
Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with the MMPI: Pk Scale Scores in Somatization Disorder
Authors: Wetzel Richard D. , Clayton Paula J. , Cloninger C. Robert , Brim John , Martin Ronald L. , Guze Samuel B. , Yutzy Sean H. , North Carol
Published: August 2011

Clinic patients with diagnoses of either major depression or somatization disorder were given the MMPI. Women with somatization disorder had high scores on Keane's MMPI scale (PK) for posttraumatic stress disorder. Following the procedure for the MMPI-2 (46 of the 49 PK items and MMPI-2 norms), 59% of the women with somatization disorder and 21% of the women with major depression would have T scores ≥ 65 on the MMPI-2 scale although none of them were known to have developed psychiatric disorder after exposure to a life threatening event. The PK scale has little use in the differential diagnosis of women patients with somatization disorder.
Subtle Sex Bias in Empathy and Helping Behavior
Authors: Oswald Patricia A.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the influences on empathy and altruism of sex of participant, the affective demeanor (positive or negative) and cognitive processes (positive or negative) displayed by a female target in a video, and the perspective-taking focus of participants. The latter variable is related to the affective or cognitive response to the target's portrayal, or the response to technical aspects of the video (nonperspective-taking). Empathy was measured using Batson's Empathy Adjectives (1987) and altruism was measured by participants' written responses, which indicated how many hours they were willing to volunteer to help persons similar to the target. An ethnically diverse sample of working adults ( M age = 31.6 yr., SD = 8.2) participated. Analysis yielded a subtle difference between groups. Men reported feeling more empathy for a confused, unfocused, illogical woman target, whereas women felt more empathy for a focused, clear, logical woman target. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between sex and helping—men offered more help than women.
Relationship between Sex-Role Attitudes and Attitudes toward Violence among Incarcerated Male Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Daley Christine E. , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J.
Published: August 2011

The purpose was to investigate the relationship between sex-role attitudes, as measured by the Attitudes Toward Women Scale for Adolescents, and attitudes toward violence, as measured by the Attitudes Toward Violence Survey, among 81 incarcerated male juvenile delinquents. No association was found between sex-role attitudes and sensitivity toward violence; however, a statistically significant relationship emerged between sex-role attitudes and propensity toward violence. Specifically, offenders who reported the most traditional attitudes toward women's rights and roles were more apt to report that they would engage in violent acts if they were certain of not being punished. Implications are discussed.
Answering Two Criticisms of Hypothesis Testing: A Comment
Authors: Serlin Ronald C.
Published: August 2011

In a recent article, Leventhal (1999) responds to two criticisms of hypothesis testing by showing that the one-tailed test and the directional two-tailed test are valid, even if all point null hypotheses are false and that hypothesis tests can provide the probability of decisions being correct which are based on the tests. Unfortunately, the falseness of all point null hypotheses affects the operating characteristics of the directional two-tailed test, seeming to weaken certain of Leventhal's arguments in favor of this procedure.
Substance Use among Urban and Rural Secondary School Pupils in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Cherian Lily
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the prevalence and frequency of substance use among a sample of 209 urban and 191 rural school pupils in South Africa. The three most predominantly used substances were alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. Urban and rural differences in substances used were found.
Opinion on Aids Prevention and Education among Rural Secondary School Pupils in the Northern Province of South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl
Published: August 2011

The study investigated perceptions of AIDS prevention and education among 308 Grade 11 pupils (132 boys and 176 girls), secondary school pupils (mainly Northern Sotho and Tsonga) in the Northern Province of South Africa. They were chosen randomly from three rural schools in Mankweng district and were ages 17 to 25 years ( M age=19.1 yr., SD=2.8). Analysis of ratings given on items of a questionnaire on AIDS prevention and education indicated that ‘Isolating people who are HIV positive’ and ‘How to protect yourself from getting HIV/AIDS’ received the highest ratings. Factor analysis extracted three factors on AIDS education explaining 48% of the variance. The items loading strongly on the first factor were use of condoms (.54), giving information (.53), finding a cure (.52), and no sex outside marriage (.42). On AIDS education two factors were extracted accounting for 52% of the variance. The first factor had significant item loadings for ‘sexual behaviour and HIV/AIDS’ (.75), ‘knowledge of self-protection’ (68), how AIDS/HIV affects the body' (.66), and ‘alcohol and sexual behaviour’. These findings should contribute to the development of health promotion initiatives directed at AIDS/HIV.
Manic-Depressiveness and Jungian Dimensions of Personality
Authors: Burge Micah , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 105 high school seniors, among other results, their judging-perceiving scores were associated with suicidal ideation.
Factor Structure and Reliability of Burnout among Emirati and Palestinian Teachers
Authors: Abu-Hilal Maher M. , El-Emadi Abdulqader A.
Published: August 2011

To assess the construct validity and magnitude of burnout among Emirati and Palestinian teachers, a total of 357 Emirati and 261 Palestinian teachers responded to the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Separate exploratory factor analyses clearly identified four factors for the Emirati sample and three factors for the Palestinian sample but with more complex structure than that for the Emirati sample. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the four-factor model for Emirati sample and the three-factor structure for the Palestinian sample but some difficulty arose with Items 5, 15, and 22. Coefficients alpha for the four subscales ranged from .59 to .85 for Emirati teachers and from .58 to .88 for the Palestinian sample. Palestinian teachers reported stronger feelings of emotional exhaustion than Emirati teachers did. The two groups of teachers reported similar feelings about personal success and similar attitudes toward their students and their jobs.
Hiring Practices in British Sociology: Linkages among Top-Rated Sociology Doctoral Programs
Authors: Bair Jeffrey H
Published: August 2011

The extent to which top-rated and lower-rated doctoral programs in sociology in Great Britain hired their own and one another's graduates was evaluated. The 8 top-rated doctoral programs in sociology in Great Britain did not hire one another's graduates to the extent this occurs in such doctoral programs in sociology in the United States.
Stamina in Adults: Is Attachment Style a Factor?
Authors: Pellegrini Robert J. , Hicks Robert A. , Roundtree Terry , Inman Genevieve M.
Published: August 2011

The study was designed to extend inquiry on adult attachment style to include the variable of personal stamina. The data were derived from an anonymous survey administered to 163 college students (82 women and 81 men) in introductory psychology classes. Attachment style was measured by the Close Relationship Questionnaire, based on a four-category scheme suggested by Bartholomew. Stamina was evaluated with a self-report scale developed by R. A. Hicks. The pattern of statistically significant differences ( p < .001) in the relative frequency with which respondents self-identified with descriptions of each of the four attachment styles on the questionnaire diverged somewhat from those reported previously. Respondents who identified themselves as most accurately described by the questionnaire's alternative defined as characterizing secure attachment had significantly higher stamina scores than did those who self-endorsed the fearful or preoccupied alternatives in that categorical measure. No other pairwise comparisons of stamina scores were statistically significant. The results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that secure attachment is more facilitative of personal stamina than are insecure styles. Methodological limits on inferences and corresponding alternative interpretations, the potential effectiveness of defensive suppression of the attachment system in dismissing-avoidant adults, and directions for research are discussed.
Measurement of Psychosocial Adjustment to Breast Cancer: A Unidimensional or Multidimensional Construct?
Authors: Hoskins Carol Noll , Budin Wendy C.
Published: August 2011

Using data from a longitudinal study of Hoskins' ‘Patterns of Adjustment to Breast Cancer among Women and their Partners’, a conceptually derived multidimensional formulation of psychosocial adjustment was empirically tested. The Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale was administered to both patients and partners at six times postdefinitive surgery, i.e., 7–10 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 180 days, and one year. Extensive factor analytic studies were performed on data from the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale at four of the collection times when complete data sets were available for 128 patients and 121 partners. Results of the principal components analysis with varimax rotation were compared to factor analyses reported by the developers of the scale. The seven-factor matrix reported by Derogatis was not reproduced; instead, one factor was consistently identified at each of the four time periods as the best solution. Although items from all seven domains of the scale loaded on the single factor, items pertaining to psychological distress and role performance in the domestic and social environments were most prominent. These data support the need to validate empirically hypothesized separate dimensions of psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer in both patients and partners as proposed in a number of widely used tests.
Comparison of Two Group Counseling Approaches to Enhancing Confidence in Planning Careers by Undecided Taiwanese College Women
Authors: Peng Huiling
Published: August 2011

This is a report of research comparing two approaches to enhance the career confidence of undecided female college students. 30 women who requested enrollment in career counseling were assigned to two counseling groups (a cognitive reconstructing intervention group and a career decision-making skills training group) and one no-treatment control group based on time of request. After participating in the two career counseling groups for eight sessions in a month, the female college students rated their mean confidence as increased over that of the no-treatment group. Analysis indicated that the indecisive female college students benefitted from career group counseling with an emphasis on self-efficacy and that the cognitive reconstructing intervention was more effective.
Human Responses in Assessing Object Relations Subscales of the Psychoanalytic Rorschach Profile
Authors: Hansen James T.
Published: August 2011

The Rorschach test is often used to assess object relations. This research examined whether human responses are necessary for a valid assessment.
Managers' Tactics of Influence: Perceptions of Regular and Temporary Employees
Authors: Lamude Kevin G. , Scudder Joseph , Simmons Donna
Published: August 2011

The paper concerns managers' perceived influence tactics with regular and temporary employees. 156 subordinates completed the Behavioral Alteration Techniques Scale. Mean ratings of managers' use of tactics of influence with regular employees were significantly higher than those with temporary employees on 9 of the 22 measured techniques.
Dimensions of Impulsiveness
Authors: Harmstead Jenna R. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

A factor-analysis of 95 items concerned with impulsivity identified eight major components, namely, concentration, decision-making, thinking, money, excitement, temper, future orientation, and complexity.
Learning Style and Personality Type in High School Students
Authors: Harrison Christine , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Scores of 72 high school students on Kolb's Learning Style Inventory were associated with scores on Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter.
Personality and Drug Abstention in Adolescents
Authors: Hillman Stephen B. , Haskin Jacqueline M.
Published: August 2011

Personality and drug abstention in adolescents were investigated in a sample of 292 high school seniors. A significant difference was found between abstention and low scores for novelty-seeking behavior based on responses to the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Those who reported abstaining from alcohol had significantly higher grade point averages, attended religious services significantly more frequently, and considered religion significantly more important than those who reported drug use and abuse.
Academic and Research Interest in Several Approaches to Psychotherapy: A Computerized Search of Literature in the Past 16 Years
Authors: Killgore William D. S.
Published: August 2011

A computerized search of published abstracts in PsychInfo was conducted to obtain the frequency of annual citations since 1984 for six forms of psychotherapy. Cognitive-Behavioral therapies showed the most rapid increase over the past 16 years. Family therapies, in contrast, showed a significant decline in the number of abstract citations since 1990. At present, brief, empirically tested treatments appear to be generating the greatest discussion in the academic and scientific literature.
Self-Actualization of Youth in a Summer Camp
Authors: Cartwright Glenn F. , Tabatabai Diana , Beaudoin Marie-Caroline , Naidoo Loren
Published: August 2011

The self-actualization scores of 57 youths who attended a summer day camp for gifted students were assessed using the Reflections Of Self by Youth (ROSY). Significant sex differences were confirmed. Contrary to Lewis's significant difference (1996) in mean self-actualization between Grades 7 and 8, self-actualization scores in this study were uncorrelated with grade.
Sex Differences in Self-Concept in Spanish Secondary School Students
Authors: Sotelo María José
Published: August 2011

The aims of the study were to examine differences between boys and girls in global self-esteem and in specific domains of self-concept. Several measures of global self-esteem and multidimensional self-concept were administered to 61 boys and 64 girls. Analysis showed that boys reported higher scores than girls on global self-esteem, measured on the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the Feelings of Inadequacy Scale by Janis-Field, but this result was not reproduced when self-esteem was measured on the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. No differences have been found in domain-specific self-concepts, except for the ethical-moral self-concept, on which girls reported higher scores than boys.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Trauma and Life Events Self-Report Inventory
Authors: Hovens J. E. , Bramsen I. , van der Ploeg H. M. , Reuling I. E. W.
Published: August 2011

Three groups of first-year male and female medical students (total N = 90) completed the Trauma and Life Events Self-report Inventory twice. Test-retest reliability for the three different time periods was .82, .89, and .75, respectively.
WISC—III Subtest Patterns of ADHD and Normal Samples
Authors: Snow Janie B. , Sapp Gary L.
Published: August 2011

WISC–III subtest patterns of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were compared with two other groups of children described in the WISC–III manual, a sample with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the WISC–III standardization sample. Subtest patterns of primary interest were the SCAD Index based on Symbol Search, Coding, Arithmetic, Digit Span, Bannatyne scores for Spatial, Verbal Conceptualization, Sequencing Ability, and the ACID Profile including Arithmetic, Coding, Information, and Digit Span. Comparisons of WISC–III scaled scores and subtest patterns for the samples with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder supported the congruence between them. Further, the cumulative percentages of children in the three samples who obtained differences between the SCAD Index and the Perceptual Organization Index were computed. Analysis indicated that 17 of the 35 subjects in the current sample obtained differences of 9 points o greater. The results were substantially different from the WISC–III standardization sample but congruent with the WISC–III sample of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. These outcomes support the diagnostic utility of WISC–III subtest profile patterns for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Religious Homogeneity and Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a study of 296 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas in 1980, suicide rates were lower in those regions in which church membership was higher, Roman Catholics more common, and religious homogeneity greater.
Utility and Stability of the Basic Personality Inventory in Psychiatric Patients with Longstanding Psychotic Disorders in a New Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program over a Two-Year Period
Authors: McNeil Diane C. , Reddon John R.
Published: August 2011

34 long-term psychiatric patients with psychotic-type diagnoses, participating in a Psychiatric Rehabilitation program, completed the Basic Personality Inventory 5 times at 6-mo. intervals. In comparison with normative data, participants had statistically significant ( p<.01) higher means at Time 1, indicating greater reported psychopathology on all scales except Interpersonal Problems. Program participants also showed greater impairment than a heterogeneous group of 112 psychiatric patients, with statistically higher means on the scales of Denial, Persecutory Ideas, Thinking Disorder, and Self-depreciation. No statistically significant differences were found for sex, time, or their interaction. Correlations indicated high stability in the scale scores over time. Considerable stability in test scores over time does not indicate lack of program success but reflects stability maintenance goals and processes in patients with longstanding psychotic disorders.
Alcohol Consumption in Victims of Violence: A Trend Study for the Period 1970–1998
Authors: Kingma Johannes
Published: August 2011

This 29-yr. retrospective study is about alcohol consumption by victims of violence intentionally injured ( N = 13,048) and general patients unintentionally injured ( N = 296,544) who were treated for their injuries at the Trauma Center of the University Hospital Groningen (The Netherlands) during the period 1970–1998 The incidence rate for general patients with alcohol consumption was statistically significantly greater than the incidence rate of victims of violence with alcohol consumption. A long-term significant linear trend was observed for both types of patients during the 29-yr. period. However, the increase in incidence rate among the general patients with alcohol consumption was four times greater than the increase in incidence rate for the victims of violence with alcohol consumption. Makes predominated in both types of patients (with and without alcohol consumption). The statistically significant highest incidence rates (and male predominance) were found in the age group 20–24 years for both categories of patients.
Does Motivation Mediate Influence of Social Factors on Educational Consequences?
Authors: Rousseau François L. , Vallerand Robert J.
Published: August 2011

Yamauchi, Kumagai, and Kawasaki (7) reported results from two separate regression analyses showing that perceived control and motivation were both significant predictors of self-regulated learning strategies among Japanese high school students. In the present article, it is proposed that integrating perceived control, motivation, and self-regulated learning strategies into a single motivational sequence would result in theoretical and applied benefits.
Effects of a Military Overseas Peacekeeping Deployment on Marital Quality, Satisfaction, and Stability
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Bell D. Bruce , Gade Paul A.
Published: August 2011

Changes in self-reported soldier marital satisfaction and marital quality were assessed at three points in time, 1994–1997, before, during, and after a 1995 peacekeeping deployment of approximately 100 married soldiers to the Sinai peninsula. Analysis shows a moderate decline in marital satisfaction during the deployment (effect size of 0.27–0.29) but no overall change in the long term. Marital quality did not change significantly over time. Marital stability rates were especially low for soldiers who reported that their marriage was in trouble prior to the deployment. It appears that stable marriages can survive 6-mo. deployments without long-term decrements in satisfaction or quality. How many couples will continue to accept voluntarily a military lifestyle that requires frequent sacrifices of marital satisfaction as may occur during separations and deployments remains an open question, even though intentions for retention did not appear correlated with marital satisfaction or changes in marital satisfaction over the deployment in this study.
Understanding Mail Survey Response Rates among Male Reserve Component Gulf War Era Veterans
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Bollman Stephan R. , Jurich Anthony P. , Castelo Carlos , Sanders Diane , Webb Farrell J.
Published: August 2011

In this study of current and former male Reserve and National Guard members from the State of Ohio, it was expected that veterans who were older, had more years of military service, who had participated in the Persian Gulf War, who were Euro-Americans, who were higher in rank, who had higher residential stability in Ohio who belonged to the Air Force, who had higher formal education, and who belong to the National Guard would have a greater investment in U.S. society as defined by 11 demographic variables. It was assumed that those with greater investment in society would more often have valid addresses and would be more likely to respond to a survey on military issues, thereby biasing sample outcomes in those directions. Results for male veterans were consistent with the hypothesis that investment in the society system would predict validity of addresses and response rates. In other words, results supported the idea that those veterans who might be expected to have a greater investment in U.S. society were more likely to be located and to respond (once located) to a survey concerning Desert Storm-era military service and its aftermath. Implications for future Desert Storm research are discussed.
Desirability of Old and New MMPI-2 Items
Authors: Brophy Alfred L.
Published: August 2011

Desirability ratings and endorsements are significantly lower for new MMPI-2 items than for MMPI-2 items that initially appeared on the MMPI. Interpretation of the findings is uncertain because different samples rated the desirability of the old and new items. Ratings of all items by a single sample are required.
Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment among Married Individuals: Further Testing of the Triangular Theory of Love
Authors: Lemieux Robert , Hale Jerold L.
Published: August 2011

The Triangular Theory of Love has created much interest among researchers in relational communication. Previous attempts at evaluating the theory have proven problematic. Specifically, the problems centered around the measurement of the theory's three components of intimacy, passion, commitment. Recent research, which employed a new measure, offered support for the theory's primary assumptions. To expand upon this, the current study factor analyzed data from a sample of 213 married individuals. Current results provided support for the triangular theory's primary assumptions. The principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation indicated support for three distinct and reliable factors. The three components were also significantly related to scores for relational satisfaction. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that each component was a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. Men scored significantly higher on intimacy than women.
Religiosity and Attitudes about Abortion
Authors: Fawcett Jennifer , Andrews Vicki , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 55 undergraduates, religiosity scores were associated with more restrictive attitudes toward abortion.
Supervisors' Tactics of Influence and Subordinates' Tolerance for Disagreement
Authors: Lamude Kevin G. , Torres Patricia
Published: August 2011

Self-reported scores of 156 subordinates on tolerance for disagreement were associated with their perceptions of supervisors' use of referent, expertise, and reward-based tactics and less use of legitimate and punishment-based tactics of influence.
Psychological Empowerment as a Criterion for Adjustment to a New Job
Authors: Vardi Yoav
Published: August 2011

Interview data from 120 professionals and managers, collected by telephone after they experienced a job change, were matched with personality test scores from an employment testing center. Four dimensions of psychological empowerment (self-determination, meaning, competence, and impact) were tested as criteria, and four personality traits (achievement, endurance, locus of control, and self-esteem), measured prior to the job change, were used as predictors. In a multiple regression analysis the personality traits accounted for 26% of the variance in overall empowerment, and locus of control emerged as an important antecedent. Additional analyses pointed to perceived managerial support, sex, and rank as possible moderators. Ideas for further research and theoretical extension are discussed.
Creating Comparability among Reliability Coefficients: The Case of Cronbach Alpha and Cohen Kappa
Authors: Becker Gilbert
Published: August 2011

Cronbach alpha and Cohen kappa were compared and found to differ along two major facets. A fourfold classification system based on these facets clarifies the double contrast and produces a common metric allowing direct comparability. A new estimator, coefficient beta, is introduced in the process and is presented as a complement to coefficient alpha in estimating the psychometric properties of test scores and ratings.
Effect of Inapplicable Items in the Factor Structure of the Spanish Version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire
Authors: de Minzi María Cristina Richaud , Sacchi Carla
Published: August 2011

The aim of this work was to examine how the presence of inapplicable items might change the factor structure of the 1984 Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Lazarus and Folkman. The Spanish version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire was administered to 156 subjects with university degrees. The 95 women and 61 men whose ages were from 18 and 45 years ( M = 27.8, SD = 12.1) were of middle socioeconomic status. All were residents of Buenos Aires. To study whether relevant items modify the factor structure of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, two factor analyses were carried out, one with items rated as not relevant (Item Mean) and the other with the same items rated as not chosen. In both factor analyses, principal axes method and oblimin rotation were performed, and five factors were considered. Congruence indexes were performed. Analysis showed that not choosing an item because it does not coincide with one's behavior or ideas is not the same as not selecting that item because it does not apply to the current threatening situation. Lack of discrimination between situations when analyzing data leads to a distorted interpretation of the way in which the subject actually behaves or copes with the situation.
The Academic Elite in Marketing: Linkages among Top-Ranked Graduate Programs
Authors: Bair Jeffrey H. , Bair Kendra E.
Published: August 2011

The 10 top-ranked graduate programs in marketing, based on a national survey of deans and top administrators, were linked to one another by these programs hiring one another's graduates. Approximately one-half of the faculty members in these 10 programs had graduated from one of these same 10 programs. It is suggested that this linkage helps these programs to maintain and enhance their prestige.
Cognitive Processes in Panic Disorder: An Extension of Current Models
Authors: Goldberg Carlos
Published: August 2011

Beck and Clark's 1997 information processing model of panic was presented and evaluated. In general, studies using the Stroop task have shown panic patients have a cognitive bias toward negative and personally relevant information. Several studies have also shown that panic patients tend to have more catastrophic thoughts and are more likely to misinterpret bodily sensations. Further, cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective than drug therapies. The limitations of the cognitive model and cognitive-behavioral therapy were discussed, and an extension of current models was proposed. The extension of current models combines cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic concepts and techniques and suggests that exposure in vivo used for agoraphobic situations and interoceptive exposure used for panic should also be applied to the underlying themes of panic disorder.
Integration among Psychotherapies and the Future of Psychotherapy
Authors: Saggino Aristide
Published: August 2011

As society as a whole and the scientific world have begun to expect that the validity of psychotherapy be verified, a scientific and integrated approach to psychotherapy is the only possible answer. The development of operational definitions and the use of scientific designs represent the most effective way to generate empirical data and the only way to integrate psychotherapy objectively into general psychology.
Relation between Humor and Empathic Concern
Authors: Hampes William P.
Published: August 2011

A series of studies have shown that humor is associated with close interpersonal relationships and effective in reducing stress, which in turn enhances empathy. Therefore, it was hypothesized that humor and empathic concern would be positively correlated. The Empathic Concern subscale of the Empathy Questionnaire, the Coping Humor Scale, the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, and the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire were given to 124 subjects. Scores on the Empathic Concern subcale were significantly correlated with those on each of the humor scales. Types of humor may be an important variable in the relationship between empathic concern and humor. Both humor and empathic concern are associated for people with emotional intelligence who use these to interact effectively with other individuals. As such, it was suggested that exploration would yield a relation between humor and emotional self-awareness, which is also associated with emotional intelligence.
Family Myths in Romantic Fiction
Authors: Kramer Daniela , Moore Michael
Published: August 2011

Three types of myths frequently appearing in contemporary romantic fiction deal with traditional family values, spousal relationships, and love. Several myths belonging to each type are illustrated and analyzed. It is argued that by naturalizing some behaviors and idealizing others, romantic novels not only may indoctrinate their readers with a patriarchal ideology but also may inculcate upon them pathogenic family processes.