bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sargassum Watch Warns of Incoming Seaweed
Authors: Hu Chuanmin , Murch Brock , Barnes Brian , Wang Mengqiu , Maréchal Jean-Philippe , Franks James , Johnson Donald , Lapointe Brian , Goodwin Deborah , Schell Jeffrey , Siuda Amy
Published: September 2016

The Sargassum Watch System processes satellite data and feeds results to a Web portal, giving decision makers timely information on seaweed location and warnings for potential beaching events.
Exonuclease III assisted and label-free detection of mercury ion based on toehold strand displacement amplification strategy
Authors: Yu Lili , Xu Hui , Chen Hou , Bai Liangjiu , Wang Wenxiang
Published: September 2016

A label-free, exonuclease III assisted Hg2+ fluorometric assay based on strand displacement amplification was developed with high sensitivity and selectivity.
From nano- to macro-engineering of oxide-encapsulated-nanoparticles for harsh reactions: one-step organization via cross-linking molecules
Authors: Zhang Qiaofei , Zhao Guofeng , Zhang Zhiqiang , Han Lupeng , Fan Songyu , Chai Ruijuan , Li Yakun , Liu Ye , Huang Jun , Lu Yong
Published: September 2016

One-step “macro–micro–nano” organization is reported to embed oxide-encapsulated-nanoparticles onto monolithic-substrates via molecularly-defined cross-linking agents, for applications in exothermic and/or high-throughput reaction processes.
Pyrite surface environment drives molecular adsorption: cystine on pyrite(100) investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction
Authors: Sanchez-Arenillas M. , Mateo-Marti E.
Published: September 2016

The annealing process for pre-treatment of pyrite surfaces is a critical parameter in promoting ordering on the surface and it has chemical implications on the cystine adsorbed molecules.
Interfacial properties of POPC/GDO liquid crystalline nanoparticles deposited on anionic and cationic silica surfaces
Authors: Chang Debby P. , Dabkowska Aleksandra P. , Campbell Richard A. , Wadsäter Maria , Barauskas Justas , Tiberg Fredrik , Nylander Tommy
Published: September 2016

Reversed lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) of the cubic micellar (I2) phase have high potential in drug delivery applications due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug molecules.
Concerted nitrogen inversion and hydrogen bonding to Glu451 are responsible for protein-controlled suppression of the reverse reaction in human DPP III
Authors: Tomić A. , Kovačević B. , Tomić S.
Published: September 2016

Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (h.DPP III) is a zinc-exopeptidase that hydrolyses dipeptides from the N-terminus of its substrates.
First exploration of freestanding and flexible Na2+2xFe2−x(SO4)3@porous carbon nanofiber hybrid films with superior sodium intercalation for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Lin Bo , Li Qiufeng , Wang Xiaoguang , Qu Weili , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao
Published: September 2016

A freestanding Na2+2xFe2−x(SO4)3@PCNF hybrid film introduces a highly-efficient strategy for the mass-production of high-performance cathodes for SIBs.
Strong 1D localization and highly anisotropic electron–hole masses in heavy-halogen functionalized graphenes
Authors: Marsoner Steinkasserer Lukas Eugen , Zarantonello Alessandra , Paulus Beate
Published: September 2016

Heavy halogen functionalization of fluorographene produces systems displaying highly anisotropic charge carrier masses and optical gaps attractive for solar cell applications.
Influence of asymmetric depletion of solvents on the electric double layer of charged objects in binary polar solvent mixtures
Authors: Sin Jun-Sik , Pak Hak-Chol , Sin Chung-Sik
Published: September 2016

The ratio of the dipole moment to the volume of solvent is the key factor for asymmetric depletion of solvents.
A ligand substituted tungsten iodide cluster: luminescence vs. singlet oxygen production
Authors: Riehl Lara , Seyboldt Alexander , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Westberg Michael , Ogilby Peter R. , Meyer H.-Jürgen
Published: September 2016

The cluster (TBA)2[W6I8(CF3COO)6] shows photoluminescence in the solid state and in solution, and singlet oxygen (a1Δg) is generated in the presence of oxygen.
Effect of chemical structure on the sonochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
Authors: Fernandez Nerea Abad , Rodriguez-Freire Lucia , Keswani Manish , Sierra-Alvarez Reyes
Published: September 2016

The study provides insights into the effect of carbon chain length, functional group substitutions and chemical structure on sonochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Simple and practicable process for lignocellulosic biomass utilization
Authors: Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Otsuka Yuichiro , Navarro Ronald R. , Nakamura Masaya , Shimokawa Tomoko , Nojiri Masanobu , Tanigawa Ryo , Shigehara Kiyotaka
Published: September 2016

We extract non-denatured lignocellulosic biomass by combined wet-type ultrafine bead milling and enzymatic saccharification at pH 5.0 and 50 °C.
Influence of temperature on laser ablation fractionation during ICP-MS analysis for 213 nm and 266 nm laser wavelength micro-sampling
Authors: Jarošová M. , Walaszek D. , Wagner B. , Milde D. , Bulska E.
Published: September 2016

The influence of sample temperature on fractionation during ns-laser ablation of glass and lead samples was investigated. Fractionation decreased from 1.29 to 1.03 if the sample was kept at a low temperature during the entire time of analysis.
Quantification of purple non-sulphur phototrophic bacteria and their photosynthetic structures by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF)
Authors: Fiedor Joanna , Ostachowicz Beata , Baster Monika , Lankosz Marek , Burda Květoslava
Published: September 2016

TXRF spectrometry proves useful in analysing bacterial cells and their substructures as exemplified byRhodobacter sphaeroides. Trace element profiling complemented with correlation analysis under varying growth conditions.
Curvature, vacancy size and chirality effects of mono- to octa-vacancies in zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jia GuiXiao , Li Lei , Wu TongWei , Wang XiaoXia , An ShengLi
Published: September 2016

Defect modes with the smallest Ef were inclined to be along the armchair chain of (n,0) tubes.
Synthesis and UCST-type phase behavior of α-helical polypeptides with Y-shaped and imidazolium pendants
Authors: Ge Chenglong , Liu Sheng , Liang Ce , Ling Ying , Tang Haoyu
Published: September 2016

UCST-type thermoresponsive polypeptides with Y-shaped and ionic liquid pendants were synthesized by a multi-step post-polymerization method.
New organic–inorganic hybrid material based on a poly(amic acid) oligomer: a promising opportunity to obtain microfluidic devices by a photolithographic process
Authors: Mechref Elias , Jabbour Jihane , Calas-Etienne Sylvie , Amro Kassem , Mehdi Ahmad , Tauk Rabih , Etienne Pascal
Published: September 2016

Miniaturized total analysis systems are becoming a powerful tool for analytical and bioanalytical applications.
Influence of the annealing temperature of the Bi4Ti3O12 seeding layer on the structural and electrical properties of Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti2.99Mn0.01O12 thin films
Authors: Zhang W. L. , Tang M. H. , Xiong Y. , Wang K. , Wang Z. P. , Xiao Y. G. , Yan S. A. , Li Z. , He J.
Published: September 2016

Highly (117)-preferred Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti2.99Mn0.01O12 (BNTM) thin films with a Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) seeding layer were prepared. The effects of BTO layer under annealing temperature from 550 to 700 °C on the structural and electrical properties of BNTM were studied.
Formation of silicon quantum dots by RF power driven defect control
Authors: Jang Seunghun , Han Moonsup
Published: September 2016

We investigated the turning behavior of luminescence origins from the defect to the silicon quantum dot for silicon nitride (SiNx) films synthesized by changing the applied radio frequency (RF) power in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
DFT studies on the influence of ligation on optical and redox properties of bimetallic [Au4M2] clusters
Authors: Pillegowda Manohar , Periyasamy Ganga
Published: September 2016

Computational studies have been employed to understand the lowest energy conformers and the properties of bare [Au4M2] and ligated [Au4M2(SCH3)6], [Au4M2(PH3)6]2+ clusters in both gas phase and implicit solvent media.
A PVDF/PVB composite UF membrane improved by F-127-wrapped fullerene for protein waste-water separation
Authors: Chen Gui-E , Zhu Wei-Wei , Xu Sun-Jie , Xu Zhen-Liang , Shen Qian , Sun Wei-Guang , Wu Qiong , Zheng Xiao-Peng
Published: September 2016

F-127-wrapped fullerene was prepared successfully in a solvent before casting solution preparation, the composite membrane shows excellent hydrophilicity and capacity for protein waste-water separation.
The down conversion properties of a Gd2O3:Er3+phosphor prepared via a combustion synthesis method
Authors: Tamrakar Raunak Kumar , Bisen D. P. , Upadhyay Kanchan , Sahu I. P. , Sahu Manjulata
Published: September 2016

Er3+doped Gd2O3phosphors were preparedviaa combustion synthesis method. The prepared phosphor emits visible green colour.
Synthesis of shape and size controlled copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) via extrusion of selenium from 1,2,3-selenadiazole
Authors: Kshirsagar Anuraj S. , More Priyesh V. , Khanna Pawan K.
Published: September 2016

CISe NPs were successfully synthesized via extrusion of selenium from 1,2,3-selenadiazole. The effect of various reaction parameters on the size and shape of CISe were studied.
Synthesis, optical, and chemical properties of a π-extended rhodol derivative and its derivatives with selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Hg2+in aqueous media
Authors: Liang Lijuan , Zhao Liancheng , Zeng Xianshun
Published: September 2016

A π-extended rhodol dye with optical signaling being controlled by two spirorings has been developed. A Hg2+-selective chemodosimeter based on this rhodol dye has been synthesized and evaluated.
On the thermoluminescence properties and mechanism of LuPO4:Eu sintered materials
Authors: Zeler J. , Zych E.
Published: September 2016

Thermoluminescence (TL) of X-rayed LuPO4:Eu sintered materials was investigated as a function of the processing parameters and Eu concentration.
Transition-metal-free C–C bond cleavage and formation: efficient synthesis of 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-α]pyridines from 2-aminopyridines and alkynoates
Authors: Chen Zhengwang , Wen Yuelu , Luo Guotian , Ye Min , Wang Qinghao
Published: September 2016

A highly efficient transition-metal-free cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-α]pyridines is described.
Spontaneously restored electrical conductivity of bioactive gel comprising mussel adhesive protein-coated carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Ha Yu-Mi , Lee Sang Hyun , Ko Young-il , Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Kim Yoong Ahm , Park Min , Jung Yong Chae
Published: September 2016

We demonstrated the pH-mediated self-healing performance of an electrically conductive gel comprising mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Computational analysis of binding between benzamide-based derivatives and Abl wt and T315I mutant kinases
Authors: Zhou Shengfu , Tan Shepei , Fang Danqing , Zhang Rong , Lin Weicong , Wu Wenjuan , Zheng Kangcheng
Published: September 2016

An integrated computational study was performed to identify the binding mechanisms of benzamide-based derivatives with Abl_wt/Abl_T315I kinases for designing Abl inhibitors.
Facile synthesis of highly conductive Ag/TiN nanofibers for cost-saving transparent electrodes
Authors: Hu Sanyuan , Li Heping , Su Zhen , Yan Youwei
Published: September 2016

We report the facile assembly of a Ag/TiN nanofiber network with considerable optoelectronical performance as a new platform for transparent electrodes.
Size–strain distribution analysis of SnO2 nanoparticles and their multifunctional applications as fiber optic gas sensors, supercapacitors and optical limiters
Authors: Manikandan K. , Dhanuskodi S. , Thomas Anitta Rose , Maheswari N. , Muralidharan G. , Sastikumar D.
Published: September 2016

SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a wet chemical method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (rutile tetragonal), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Sn–O, 657 cm−1) and micro Raman spectroscopy (Sn–O, 635 cm−1).
Ultrafine Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped porous carbon nanosheet/carbon nanotube hybrids: high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Li Xinzhe , Fang Yiyun , Li Feng , Tian Min , Long Xuefeng , Jin Jun , Ma Jiantai
Published: September 2016

Ultrafine Co2P NPs encapsulated in N, P dual-doped porous carbon nanosheet/carbon nanotube hybrids are prepared and exhibit remarkable catalytic performance for both OER and HER.
Abnormal high-temperature luminescence enhancement observed in monolayer MoS2 flakes: thermo-driven transition from negatively charged trions to neutral excitons
Authors: Li Yuanzheng , Liu Weizhen , Xu Haiyang , Zhang Cen , Yang Liu , Yue Weisheng , Liu Yichun
Published: September 2016

Abnormal high-temperature luminescence enhancement is observed in monolayer MoS2, owing to the joint effect of trion self-dissociation and p-type doping.
Vasopressin type 1A receptor deletion enhances cardiac contractility, β-adrenergic receptor sensitivity and acute cardiac injury-induced dysfunction
Authors: Wasilewski Melissa A. , Grisanti Laurel A. , Song Jianliang , Carter Rhonda L. , Repas Ashley A. , Myers Valerie D. , Gao Erhe , Koch Walter J. , Cheung Joseph Y. , Feldman Arthur M. , Tilley Douglas G.
Published: September 2016

Vasopressin type 1A receptor (V1AR) expression is elevated in chronic human heart failure (HF) and contributes to cardiac dysfunction in animal models, in part via reduced β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) responsiveness. Although cardiac V1AR overexpression and V1AR stimulation are each sufficient to decrease βAR activity, it is unknown whether V1AR inhibition conversely augments βAR responsiveness. Further, although V1AR has been shown to contribute to chronic progression of HF, its impact on cardiac function following acute ischaemic injury has not been reported. Using V1AR knockout (V1AR KO) mice we assessed the impact of V1AR deletion on cardiac contractility at baseline and following ischaemic injury, βAR sensitivity and cardiomyocyte responsiveness to βAR stimulation. Strikingly, baseline cardiac contractility was enhanced in V1AR KO mice and they experienced a greater loss in contractile function than control mice following acute ischaemic injury, although the absolute levels of cardiac dysfunction and survival rates did not differ. Enhanced cardiac contractility in V1AR KO mice was associated with augmented β-blocker sensitivity, suggesting increased basal βAR activity, and indeed levels of left ventricular cAMP, as well as phospholamban (PLB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation were elevated compared with control mice. At the cellular level, myocytes isolated from V1AR KO mice demonstrated increased responsiveness to βAR stimulation consistent with the finding that acute pharmacological V1AR inhibition enhanced βAR-mediated contractility in control myocytes. Therefore, although V1AR deletion does not protect the heart from the rapid development of cardiac dysfunction following acute ischaemic injury, its effects on βAR activity suggest that acute V1AR inhibition could be utilized to promote myocyte contractile performance.
Two efficient procedures to correct the positioning errors in the plane‐polar scanning
Authors: D'Agostino Francesco , Ferrara Flaminio , Gennarelli Claudio , Guerriero Rocco , Migliozzi Massimo
Published: September 2016

Two techniques to effectively compensate known positioning errors in a plane‐polar near‐field–far‐field (NF–FF) transformation, using a minimum number of NF data and adopting an oblate ellipsoid to shape the considered antenna, are proposed and validated through experimental proofs. The former makes use of the singular value decomposition method to recover the voltage samples which would be acquired by the probe at the points fixed by the non‐redundant sampling representation from the collected positioning error affected ones, whereas the latter employs an iterative scheme. The NF data required by the classical NF–FF transformation with plane‐rectangular scanning are then efficiently evaluated via a two‐dimensional optimal sampling interpolation formula. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is assessed by experimental tests performed at the Antenna Characterisation Lab of the University of Salerno.
Metamizole for Postoperative Pain Therapy in Infants Younger than 1 Year
Authors: Fieler Melanie , Eich Christoph , Becke Karin , Badelt Gregor , Leimkühler Klaus , Dennhardt Nils , Sümpelmann Robert
Published: September 2016

Background Due to possible serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the use of metamizole for postoperative pain therapy in infants is a subject of debate. Safety studies with large sample sizes are missing.

Aim This prospective multicenter observational study was conducted to evaluate the use of metamizole in infants younger than 1 year undergoing surgery with a particular focus on possible serious ADRs (e.g., hemodynamic, anaphylactic or respiratory reactions, and agranulocytosis).

Methods Infants aged up to 1 year (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] I–III) receiving a single dose of metamizole for postoperative pain therapy were enrolled. Patient demographics, main and secondary diagnosis, surgical procedures performed, metamizole dose, hemodynamic data, use of other analgesics and regional blocks, results of pain measurement, and incidence of ADRs were documented using a standardized case report form.

Results A total of 316 infants observed at five pediatric centers were included for analysis (age 4.4 ± 3.7 [0.06–12] months). Mean metamizole dose was 17.8 ± 3.1 (9.2–29.8) mg·kg−1. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) remained stable during metamizole infusion (MAP before infusion 45 ± 9.5 [25–95] and after infusion 45 ± 9.2 [25–99] mm Hg). Erythema was observed in one patient (ADRs total: 0.3%, 95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.32). No respiratory adverse events directly related to the metamizole administration and no clinical signs of agranulocytosis were reported.

Conclusion Single intravenous doses of metamizole used for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain were safe in more than 300 infants younger than 1 year. The statistical probability of serious ADRs (e.g., hemodynamic, anaphylactic or respiratory reactions) was lower than 1%. The sample size and follow-up were not sufficient to detect agranulocytosis.
A review of surface effects in Kapitza's experiments on heat transfer between solids and helium II (Review Article)
Authors: Amrit Jay
Published: September 2016

In a recent paper, it is shown that the thermal boundary Kapitza resistance between a solid and superfluid helium is explained by resonant scattering of phonons from surface roughness heights, as described in the Adamenko and Fuks (AF) model. We reexamine the original experiments of thermal transfer between a solid (platinum and copper) and superfluid helium conducted by Kapitza in 1940. In particular, we analyze his experimental results for the different surface treatments of the solid in light of the AF model. Time scales for diffuse scattering of phonons at the interface are estimated. Also the role of a layer of varnish on a copper surface is reinterpreted.
Surface plasmon-polariton resonance at diffraction of THz radiation on semiconductor gratings
Authors: Spevak I. S. , Kuzmenko A. A. , Tymchenko M. , Gavrikov V. K. , Shulga V. M. , Feng J. , Sun H. B. , Kamenev Yu. E. , Kats A. V.
Published: September 2016

Resonance diffraction of THz hidrogen cyanide laser radiation on a semiconductor (InSb) grating is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The specular reflectivity suppression due to the resonance excitation of the THz surface plasmon-polariton is observed on a pure semiconductor grating and on semiconductor gratings covered with a thin dielectric layer. The dielectric coating of the grating results in the resonance shift and widening depending both on the layer thickness and dielectric properties. A simple analytical theory of the resonance diffraction on rather shallow gratings covered with a dielectric layer is presented, and the results are in a good accordance with the experimental data. Analytical expressions for the resonance shift and broadening are essential for the resonance properties understanding and useful for sensing data interpretation of the agents deposited on the grating surface.
Localized vibrations of graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Savin A. V. , Kivshar Yu. S.
Published: September 2016

Vibrational modes of graphene nanoribbons are studied. It is demonstrated that in an unstretched graphene nanoribbon, localized vibrations (in the form of breathers) can occur only at the edges. The largest number of localized edge oscillations is expected for the nanoribbons with the armchair structure. Stretching of a nanoribbon can lead to the appearance of new types of strongly localized oscillations. When a nanoribbon is stretched, in its oscillatory spectrum a frequency gap appears in which the frequencies of the localized modes are located. An armchair nanoribbon can support localized modes only at its edges, while a highly stretched zigzag nanoribbon can support them both at the edges and inside the nanoribbon.
Plasmon-polaritons on a surface with fluctuating impedance: Scattering, localization, stability
Authors: Tarasov Yu. V. , Usatenko O. V. , Iakushev D. A.
Published: September 2016

Scattering of TM-polarized surface plasmon-polariton waves (PPW) by a finite segment of the metal–vacuum interface with randomly fluctuating surface impedance is examined. Solution of the integral equation relating the scattered field with the field of the incident PPW, valid for arbitrary scattering intensity and arbitrary dissipative characteristics of the conductive medium, is analyzed. As a measure of the PPW scattering, the Hilbert norm of the integral scattering operator is used. The strength of the scattering is shown to be determined not only by the parameters of the fluctuating impedance (dispersion, correlation radius and the length of the inhomogeneity region) but also by the conductivity of the metal. If the scattering operator norm is small, the PPW is mainly scattered into the vacuum, thus losing its energy through the excitation of quasi-isotropic bulk Norton waves above the conducting surface. The scattered field intensity is expressed in terms of the random impedance pair-correlation function. Its dependence on the incident and scattered wavenumbers shows that in the case of random-impedance-induced scattering of PPW it is possible to observe the effect analogous to Wood's anomalies on gratings. Under strong scattering, when the norm of the scattering operator becomes large compared to unity, the radiation into free space is strongly suppressed, and, in the limit, the incoming PPW is almost perfectly back-reflected from the inhomogeneous part of the interface. Therefore, within the model of a dissipation-free conducting medium, the surface polariton is unstable against arbitrary small fluctuations of the medium polarizability. Transition from scattering to back-reflection under strong fluctuations of the impedance is interpreted in terms of the Anderson localization.
Nonlinear reflection from the surface of neutron stars and features of radio emission from the pulsar in the Crab nebula
Authors: Kontorovich V. M.
Published: September 2016

There are no explanations for the high-frequency component of the emission from the pulsar in the Crab nebula, but it may be a manifestation of instability in nonlinear reflection from the star's surface. Radiation from relativistic positrons flying from the magnetosphere to the star and accelerated by the electric field of the polar gap is reflected. The instability involves stimulated scattering on surface waves.
The influence of Kapitza resistance on the establishment of stationary non-equilibrium states in superfluid 3He-4He solutions
Authors: Vihtinskaya T. G. , Nemchenko K. E. , Rogova S. Yu.
Published: September 2016

We examine the establishment of stationary non-equilibrium states when a flow of heat is turned on in superfluid solutions with a sufficiently high (9.8%) concentration of 3He. We study the influence of possible relaxation mechanisms, focusing on the Kapitza jump in particular, on the process of establishing a constant temperature gradient. We found the thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and the Kapitza coefficients by comparing the theoretical calculations against experimental data. It is shown that it is necessary to include the Kapitza jump in order to perform a quantitative description of the experimental data.
Adsorption, desorption, and film formation of quinacridone and its thermal cracking product indigo on clean and carbon-covered silicon dioxide surfaces
Authors: Scherwitzl Boris , Lassnig Roman , Truger Magdalena , Resel Roland , Leising Günther , Winkler Adolf
Published: September 2016

The evaporation of quinacridone from a stainless steel Knudsen cell leads to the partial decomposition of this molecule in the cell, due to its comparably high sublimation temperature. At least one additional type of molecules, namely indigo, could be detected in the effusion flux. Thermal desorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to study the co-deposition of these molecules on sputter-cleaned and carbon-covered silicon dioxide surfaces. Desorption of indigo appears at temperatures of about 400 K, while quinacridone desorbs at around 510 K. For quinacridone, a desorption energy of 2.1 eV and a frequency factor for desorption of 1 × 1019 s−1 were calculated, which in this magnitude is typical for large organic molecules. A fraction of the adsorbed quinacridone molecules (∼5%) decomposes during heating, nearly independent of the adsorbed amount, resulting in a surface composed of small carbon islands. The sticking coefficients of indigo and quinacridone were found to be close to unity on a carbon covered SiO2 surface but significantly smaller on a sputter-cleaned substrate. The reason for the latter can be attributed to insufficient energy dissipation for unfavorably oriented impinging molecules. However, due to adsorption via a hot-precursor state, the sticking probability is increased on the surface covered with carbon islands, which act as accommodation centers.
Effect of Propionibacterium freudenreichii in diets containing rapeseed or flaxseed oil on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and fatty acid biohydrogenation
Authors: Ding S. , Meale S. J. , Alazzeh A. Y. , He M. L. , Ribeiro G. O. , Jin L. , Wang Y. , Dugan M. E. R. , Chaves A. V. , McAllister T. A.
Published: September 2016

The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of inoculating Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii ATCC 8262 (1 × 109 colony-forming units per vial) in a barley silage-based diet supplemented with flaxseed oil or rapeseed oil (60 g/kg DM), on in vitro proportions and yield of volatile fatty acids, methane production and fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation. Total volatile fatty acid production (mM) and proportions of individual FAs were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by P. freudenreichii. Similarly, propionibacteria had little impact on FA biohydrogenation, resulting only in an increased accumulation (P < 0.01) of C18:1 cis-15 (g/kg total FA) at 6 h of incubation, compared with the control (CON). Compared with the CON, an increased (P < 0.01) accumulation of vaccenic acid was observed at 48 h in all oil-containing treatments, regardless of the oil type. Similarly, the apparent biohydrogenation of flaxseed oil resulted in an increased (P ≤ 0.04) accumulation of conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11, compared with all other treatments. Additionally, flaxseed oil produced a greater (P ≤ 0.01) accumulation of beneficial biohydrogenation intermediates (C18:2 trans-11, cis-15; C18:1 cis-15 and vaccenic acid), reflecting its ability to produce a more desirable FA profile than that of rapeseed oil or CON. The inability of P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii ATCC 8262 to alter ruminal fermentation in a manner that lowered methane production, along with only minor effects on FA profiles through biohydrogenation, suggests that the biological activity of this strain was not realised under in vitro batch-culture conditions.
Diversity for resistance to a moderately virulent bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji) population in Trifolium species
Authors: Humphries A. W. , Robinson S. S. , Hawkey D. , Peck D. M. , Rowe T. D. , de Koning C. T. , Newman A.
Published: September 2016

The resistance of a diverse range of Trifolium species (clovers) to a highly virulent bluegreen aphid (BGA, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji) population (Urrbrae 2011) collected in South Australia was assessed in greenhouse and field experiments, with the aims of determining the potential impact of this insect pest on biomass and identifying resistant genotypes for future plant-breeding activities. Resistance to BGA was found in populations of clovers that show some level of outcrossing—white clover (T. repens L.), rose clover (T. hirtum All.), crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.) and red clover (T. pratense L.)—and in one entry of the inbreeding subspecies of subterranean clover, T. subterraneum L. subsp. subterraneum (Katzn. and Morley). Resistance was not found in T. s. brachycalycinum (Katzn. and Morley) or T. s. yanninicum (Katzn. and Morley). In a greenhouse experiment, damage from BGA resulted in forage yield penalties of 72–100% when aphids were inoculated at 14 days after sowing and 13−74% when inoculated at 42 days after sowing, showing that in optimum conditions BGA can be a serious pest of clovers. Observations of severe damage caused by BGA in two regenerating field trials in southern New South Wales confirmed that field damage could occur in seasons favourable to aphid growth and reproduction. The severe damage that BGA can cause to clovers, and the sources of resistance we found, suggest that breeding for BGA resistance in clovers is warranted and feasible.
Molecular characterisation of novel LMW-m and LMW-s genes from four Aegilops species (Sitopsis section) and comparison with those from the Glu-B3 locus of common wheat
Authors: Cuesta Susana , Guzmán Carlos , Alvarez Juan B.
Published: September 2016

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) are a component of the gluten network and play a key role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. Aegilops species have been shown to be an important source of variation for valuable traits for wheat breeding. However, very little is known about LMW-GS genes in section Sitopsis species, which are closely related to the B genome of common wheat. Ten accessions of Sitopsis species were evaluated for variability of LMW-GS genes, and 20 novel genes were obtained, of which nine were LMW-m and 11 were LMW-s genes. Only two were pseudogenes, corresponding to one LMW-m and one LMW-s gene. Six groups of genes were detected: three for each of the LMW-m and LMW-s genes. All groups of LMW-s genes and one of LMW-m genes (pGluU) detected were not related to B-genome genes from common wheat, whereas the remaining genes were. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and insertions and deletions, detected in active variants compared with those from common wheat could affect structure protein. The analysis of reactive epitopes for coeliac disease revealed that LMW-s subunits lacked toxicity, as did the pGluU LMW-m subunits; the other LMW-m subunits were less toxic than that from common wheat.
Stress-induced changes in carbon allocation among metabolite pools influence isotope-based predictions of water use efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Lockhart Erin , Wild Birgit , Richter Andreas , Simonin Kevin , Merchant Andrew
Published: September 2016

Understanding how major food crops respond to environmental stress will expand our capacity to improve food production with growing populations and a changing climate. This study uses chemical and physiological adaptations to heat, water deficit and elevated light stresses in Phaseolus vulgaris L. to identify changes in carbon (C) allocation that, combined with post-photosynthetic fractionation of C isotopes, influences water use efficiency (WUE) predictions. The chemical stress response was explored through changes in C allocation to the carbohydrate and cyclitol pools using GC–triple quadrupole MS. Carbon allocation to the sucrose pool fluctuated significantly among treatments, and the putative osmolytes and osmoprotectants (myo-inositol and d-ononitol) accumulated under stress. Significant osmotic adjustment (P < 0.05), quantified via pressure–volume curve analysis, was detected between control and stress treatments, although this was not attributable to active accumulation of the metabolites. Compound-specific 13C isotope abundance was measured using liquid chromatography isotope ratio MS to predict intrinsic WUE. In contrast to other metabolites measured, the δ13C of the sucrose pool fluctuated according to treatment and was proportional to predicted values based upon modelled Δ13C from gas exchange data. The results suggest that the accuracy and precision of predicting WUE may be enhanced by compound-specific analysis of Δ13C and that changes in the allocation of C among metabolite pools may influence WUE predictions based upon analysis of total soluble C. Overall, the plants appeared to use a range of mechanisms to cope with adverse conditions that could be utilised to improve plant breeding and management strategies.
Perspectives of Australian general practitioners on shared care for paediatric patients
Authors: Turbitt Erin , Kunin Marina , Gafforini Sarah , Sanci Lena , Spike Neil , Freed Gary L.
Published: September 2016

Australian general practitioners (GPs) are seeing proportionally fewer paediatric patients. GPs may be increasingly relying on secondary or tertiary care physicians to provide care to children with complex, chronic conditions. Shared-care initiatives may provide a solution to the apparent increasing dependence of GPs on paediatric specialists, although, currently, evidence is lacking about both the prevalence and composition of shared care for children in Australia. We invited 377 GPs in Melbourne, Australia, who had referred at least two children to specialist paediatric outpatient clinics within the 2014 calendar year, to participate in a mailed survey study. Items analysed for the present report included those relating to shared-care arrangements between GPs and paediatric specialists. Responses were received from 254 GPs (response rate 67%). The majority (90%) of GPs in our study have been involved in shared-care arrangements with outpatient paediatricians. We found wide variation in the success of these arrangements, measured through the ability of GPs to establish clear roles with paediatricians. For a national discussion around shared care to be productive, clear definitions and classifications will be crucial. Future research could investigate the reasons for variability in shared care in Australia, and examine optimal shared-care arrangements for children.
Making and Using Word Lists for Language Learning and Testing
Authors: Nation I.S.P.
Published: September 2016

Word lists lie at the heart of good vocabulary course design, the development of graded materials for extensive listening and extensive reading, research on vocabulary load, and vocabulary test development. This book has been written for vocabulary researchers and curriculum designers to describe the factors they need to consider when they create frequency-based word lists. These include the purpose for which the word list is to be used, the design of the corpus from which the list will be made, the unit of counting, and what should and should not be counted as words. The book draws on research to show the current state of knowledge of these factors and provides very practical guidelines for making word lists for language teaching and testing. The writer is well known for his work in the teaching and learning of vocabulary and in the creation of word lists and vocabulary size tests based on word lists.
A Physician's Reflection on the Moral Use of Human Papilloma virus Vaccine
Authors: Burke Greg F.
Published: September 2016

Controversies often surround the use of vaccines, particularly among the pediatric population. Often, the possible temporal relationship between vaccination and subsequent disease is at the center of the controversy. However, others have questioned the moral status of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine because of some instances of state coercion and also the possibility that the vaccine may promote promiscuity. This article addresses the moral status of the HPV vaccine from the perspective of a primary care physician and father of four daughters.

Lay Summary: Parents are often asked by pediatricians for permission to vaccinate their children under the age of consent against the sexually transmitted virus HPV. This article addresses the medical and moral concerns about vaccination with some guiding principles to assist in a final decision.
Influence of Sex Steroid Hormones on the Adolescent Brain and Behavior: An Update
Authors: Vigil Pilar , del Río Juan Pablo , Carrera Bárbara , Aránguiz Florencia C. , Rioseco Hernán , Cortés Manuel E.
Published: September 2016

This review explains the main effects exerted by sex steroids and other hormones on the adolescent brain. During the transition from puberty to adolescence, these hormones participate in the organizational phenomena that structurally shape some brain circuits. In adulthood, this will propitiate some specific behavior as responses to the hormones now activating those neural circuits. Adolescence is, then, a critical “organizational window” for the brain to develop adequately, since steroid hormones perform important functions at this stage. For this reason, the adolescent years are very important for future behaviors in human beings. Changes that occur or fail to occur during adolescence will determine behaviors for the rest of one's lifetime. Consequently, understanding the link between adolescent behavior and brain development as influenced by sex steroids and other hormones and compounds is very important in order to interpret various psycho-affective pathologies.

Lay Summary: The effect of steroid hormones on the development of the adolescent brain, and therefore, on adolescent behavior, is noticeable. This review presents their main activational and organizational effects. During the transition from puberty to adolescence, organizational phenomena triggered by steroids structurally affect the remodeling of brain circuits. Later in adulthood, these changes will be reflected in behavioral responses to such hormones. Adolescence can then be seen as a fundamental “organizational window” during which sex steroids and other hormones and compounds play relevant roles. The understanding of the relationship between adolescent behavior and the way hormones influence brain development help understand some psychological disorders.
Vestibular Stimulation Interferes with the Dynamics of An Internal Representation of Gravity
Authors: De Sá Teixeira Nuno Alexandre , Hecht Heiko , Diaz Artiles Ana , Seyedmadani Kimia , Sherwood David P. , Young Laurence R.
Published: September 2016

The remembered vanishing location of a moving target has been found to be displaced downward in the direction of gravity ( representational gravity) and more so with increasing retention intervals, suggesting that the visual spatial updating recruits an internal model of gravity. Despite being consistently linked with gravity, few inquiries have been made about the role of vestibular information in these trends. Previous experiments with static tilting of observers’ bodies suggest that under conflicting cues between the idiotropic vector and vestibular signals, the dynamic drift in memory is reduced to a constant displacement along the body's main axis. The present experiment aims to replicate and extend these outcomes while keeping the observers’ bodies unchanged in relation to physical gravity by varying the gravito-inertial acceleration using a short-radius centrifuge. Observers were shown, while accelerated to varying degrees, targets moving along several directions and were required to indicate the perceived vanishing location after a variable interval. Increases of the gravito-inertial force (up to 1.4G), orthogonal to the idiotropic vector, did not affect the direction of representational gravity, but significantly disrupted its time course. The role and functioning of an internal model of gravity for spatial perception and orientation are discussed in light of the results.
Visualization of single endogenous polysomes reveals the dynamics of translation in live human cells
Authors: Pichon Xavier , Bastide Amandine , Safieddine Adham , Chouaib Racha , Samacoits Aubin , Basyuk Eugenia , Peter Marion , Mueller Florian , Bertrand Edouard
Published: September 2016

Translation is an essential step in gene expression. In this study, we used an improved SunTag system to label nascent proteins and image translation of single messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) in human cells. Using a dedicated reporter RNA, we observe that translation of single mRNPs stochastically turns on and off while they diffuse through the cytoplasm. We further measure a ribosome density of 1.3 per kilobase and an elongation rate of 13–18 amino acids per second. Tagging the endogenous POLR2A gene revealed similar elongation rates and ribosomal densities and that nearly all messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are engaged in translation. Remarkably, tagging of the heavy chain of dynein 1 (DYNC1H1) shows this mRNA accumulates in foci containing three to seven RNA molecules. These foci are translation sites and thus represent specialized translation factories. We also observe that DYNC1H1 polysomes are actively transported by motors, which may deliver the mature protein at appropriate cellular locations. The SunTag should be broadly applicable to study translational regulation in live single cells.
American Renaissance
Authors: Reynolds David S.
Published: September 2016

The richest period in American literary history, the American Renaissance (1830–1865) produced Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Emily Dickinson. A distinction is traditionally made between the so-called light or optimistic authors (Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman) and the dark or gloomy ones (Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville), with Emily Dickinson, occupying a middle ground, shifting between the light and the dark. Optimistic themes included nature’s miraculous beauty, spiritual truths behind the physical world, the primacy of the poetic imagination, and the potential divinity of each individual. Pessimistic ones included haunted minds, perverse or criminal impulses, doubt, and ambiguity. Americans probed these themes with special intensity largely because of the nation’s Puritan heritage. Calvinist preachers from John Cotton through Jonathan Edwards had devoted their lives to probing ultimate questions about death, God, and human nature. When this metaphysical impulse collided with 19th-century skepticism and secularism, the result was literature that ranged from the exhilarating to the disquieting, from Emerson’s affirmations to the ambiguities of Hawthorne and Melville. The American authors were strongly influenced by foreign literature, from the ancients to the Romantics. This transnational influence mingled with the styles and idioms of an emerging popular culture that was distinctively American, divided between conventional, sentimental-domestic writings and sensational or grotesquely humorous ones. Integrating themes and images from this variegated popular culture, the major authors also projected in their works the paradoxes of a nation that promoted both individualism and union, that touted freedom but tolerated chattel slavery, that preached equality but witnessed widening class divisions and the oppression of women, blacks, and Native Americans. These oppressed groups produced a literary corpus of their own that was once neglected but that has assumed a significant place in the American canon.
Jazz, Blues, and Ragtime in America, 1900–1945
Authors: Carney Court
Published: September 2016

In January 1938, Benny Goodman took command of Carnegie Hall on a blustery New York City evening and for two hours his band tore through the history of jazz in a performance that came to define the entire Swing Era. Goodman played Carnegie Hall at the top of his jazz game leading his crack band—including Gene Krupa on drums and Harry James on trumpet—through new, original arrangements by Fletcher Henderson. Compounding the historic nature of the highly publicized jazz concert, Goodman welcomed onto the stage members of Duke Ellington’s band to join in on what would be the first major jazz performance by an integrated band. With its sprit of inclusion as well as its emphasis on the historical contours of the first decades of jazz, Goodman’s Carnegie Hall concert represented the apex of jazz music’s acceptance as the most popular form of American musical expression. In addition, Goodman’s concert coincided with the resurgence of the record industry, hit hard by the Great Depression. By the late 1930s, millions of Americans purchased swing records and tuned into jazz radio programs, including Goodman’s own show, which averaged two million listeners during that period.

And yet, only forty years separated this major popular triumph and the very origins of jazz music. Between 1900 and 1945, American musical culture changed dramatically; new sounds via new technologies came to define the national experience. At the same time, there were massive demographic shifts as black southerners moved to the Midwest and North, and urban culture eclipsed rural life as the norm. America in 1900 was mainly a rural and disconnected nation, defined by regional identities where cultural forms were transmitted through live performances. By the end of World War II, however, a definable national musical culture had emerged, as radio came to link Americans across time and space. Regional cultures blurred as a national culture emerged via radio transmissions, motion picture releases, and phonograph records. The turbulent decade of the 1920s sat at the center of this musical and cultural transformation as American life underwent dramatic changes in the first decades of the 20th century.
The Scopes Trial
Authors: Shaprio Adam R.
Published: September 2016

The 1925 Scopes trial was a widely followed court case in Dayton, Tennessee, that attracted the attention of the nation. A prosecution against a schoolteacher charged with violating Tennessee’s new law prohibiting the teaching of human evolution, the trial became a great public spectacle that saw debates over the meaning and truth of the Bible, and the relationship between science and religion. The trial is most famous for the involvement of the lawyers William Jennings Bryan (for the prosecution) and Clarence Darrow (for the defense).

Despite being a legally insignificant case, the trial has remained important in American history because it is seen as symbolizing some of the country’s great social issues in the early 20th century: fundamentalist responses to modernity, the autonomy and clout of the “New South,” and the eternal clash between religion and science.