bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thickness Dependence of Magnetic Behavior of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Hu Hai‐Long , Wang Danyang , Tseng Allen , Chen Zhigang , Kong Charlie , Yi Jiabao , Li Sean
Published: May 2018

Thickness dependence of magnetic properties of LaAlO3 (LAO)/SrTiO3 (STO) heterostructures is systematically studied. It is found that the magnetic moment is rather robust at elevated temperatures in the samples grown under ultralow PO2 of 1 × 10−8 Torr, indicating room‐temperature ferromagnetism in the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. Spin‐glass‐like behavior is observed in the LAO/STO heterostructures with the LAO thickness ranging from 5 to 90 unit cells (2–35.2 nm). As the LAO layer becomes thicker, the blocking temperature of spin‐glass‐like behavior decreases and magnetic moment weakens, which may be related to the reduced density of oxygen vacancies at the interfacial TiO2 layer. It is believed that the well‐controlled magnetism by tuning the LAO thickness may open an avenue for the potential application of spintronics with LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures.
Transparent Surfaces Inspired by Nature
Authors: Motamedi Mahdi , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi , Taylor Robert A.
Published: May 2018

Nature has long inspired scientists and engineers. As one ubiquitous example of this, nature has provided all with several clever methods to absorb, repel, and/or allow both sunlight and water to pass through surfaces. Moth's eyes (highly antireflective) and lotus leaves (highly hydrophobic and self‐cleaning) represent durable natural surfaces which exhibit nearly ideal physical and optical properties. Man‐made transparent surfaces must also be able to cope with water and dust while reaching the maximum possible light transmission for solar collectors, displays, and other optical devices. To explore the link between these – particularly for transparent surfaces – this review puts the physics, progress, and limitations of synthetic materials in context with natural materials. This perspective reveals that there is still much more to learn (and implement) if it is hoped to match the multifunctionality and resilience of natural materials.
Smart Surfaces: Magnetically Switchable Light Diffraction through Actuation of Superparamagnetic Plate‐Like Microrods by Dynamic Magnetic Stray Field Landscapes
Authors: Koch Iris , Granath Tim , Hess Sebastian , Ueltzhöffer Timo , Deumel Sarah , Jauregui Caballero Claudia Itzel , Ehresmann Arno , Holzinger Dennis , Mandel Karl
Published: May 2018

This work reports on a remotely controllable, all‐magnetic reflective diffraction grating‐like optical element for electromagnetic waves in the visible spectrum. The switchable grating is realized by the unique interplay between nanostructured superparamagnetic plate‐like microrods and a magnetic stray field landscape generated by an engineered magnetic stripe domain pattern superimposed by a small external magnetic field. It is shown that the purposeful design of local magnetic field sources in such a continuous thin‐film system enables a precise manipulation of the microrod alignment and, hence, dynamic control of the corresponding grating constant. It is demonstrated that the magnetic grating can be turned on and off due to disappearance of the engineered domain pattern when magnetically saturated. Moreover, the grating constant can be dynamically changed between two states when applying an AC external magnetic field. The experimental findings are corroborated by a theoretical model based on a quantitative description of the involved forces among the microrods and between microrods and substrate, respectively. These results therefore serve as a basis for smart surfaces with switchable diffraction properties on demand upon remote control.
Coating Nanoparticles with Gastric Epithelial Cell Membrane for Targeted Antibiotic Delivery against Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Angsantikul Pavimol , Thamphiwatana Soracha , Zhang Qiangzhe , Spiekermann Kevin , Zhuang Jia , Fang Ronnie H. , Gao Weiwei , Obonyo Marygorret , Zhang Liangfang
Published: May 2018

Inspired by the natural pathogen–host interactions and adhesion, this study reports on the development of a novel targeted nanotherapeutic for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Specifically, plasma membranes of gastric epithelial cells (e.g., AGS cells) are collected and coated onto antibiotic‐loaded polymeric cores; the resulting biomimetic nanoparticles (denoted AGS‐NPs) bear the same surface antigens as the source AGS cells and thus have inherent adhesion to H. pylori bacteria. When incubated with H. pylori bacteria in vitro, the AGS‐NPs preferentially accumulate on the bacterial surfaces. Using clarithromycin (CLR) as a model antibiotic and a mouse model of H. pylori infection, the CLR‐loaded AGS‐NPs demonstrate superior therapeutic efficacy when compared with the free drug counterpart as well as a non‐targeted nanoparticle control group. Overall, this work illustrates the promise and strength of using natural host cell membranes to functionalize drug nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to pathogens that colonize on the host cells. As host–pathogen adhesion represents a common biological event for various types of pathogenic bacteria, the bioinspired nanotherapeutic strategy reported here represents a versatile delivery platform that may be applied to treat numerous infectious diseases.
Aligned and Graded Type‐II Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Qing Jian , Liu Xiao‐Ke , Li Mingjie , Liu Feng , Yuan Zhongcheng , Tiukalova Elizaveta , Yan Zhibo , Duchamp Martial , Chen Shi , Wang Yuming , Bai Sai , Liu Jun‐Ming , Snaith Henry J. , Lee Chun‐Sing , Sum Tze Chien , Gao Feng
Published: May 2018

Recently, Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) have attracted increasing interests due to their promising stability. However, the efficiency of solar cells based on RPPs is much lower than that based on 3D perovskites, mainly attributed to their poor charge transport. Herein, a simple yet universal method for controlling the quality of RPP films by a synergistic effect of two additives in the precursor solution is presented. RPP films achieved by this method show (a) high quality with uniform morphology, enhanced crystallinity, and reduced density of sub‐bandgap states, (b) vertically oriented perovskite frameworks that facilitate efficient charge transport, and (c) type‐II band alignment that favors self‐driven charge separation. Consequently, a hysteresis‐free RPP solar cell with a power conversion efficiency exceeding 12%, which is much higher than that of the control device (1.5%), is achieved. The findings will spur new developments in the fabrication of high‐quality, aligned, and graded RPP films essential for realizing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
KVOPO4: A New High Capacity Multielectron Na‐Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Ding Jia , Lin Yuh‐Chieh , Liu Jue , Rana Jatinkumar , Zhang Hanlei , Zhou Hui , Chu Iek‐Heng , Wiaderek Kamila M. , Omenya Fredrick , Chernova Natasha A. , Chapman Karena W. , Piper Louis F. J. , Ong Shyue Ping , Whittingham M. Stanley
Published: May 2018

Sodium ion batteries have attracted much attention in recent years, due to the higher abundance and lower cost of sodium, as an alternative to lithium ion batteries. However, a major challenge is their lower energy density. In this work, we report a novel multi‐electron cathode material, KVOPO4, for sodium ion batteries. Due to the unique polyhedral framework, the V3+ ↔ V4+ ↔ V5+ redox couple was for the first time fully activated by sodium ions in a vanadyl phosphate phase. The KVOPO4 based cathode delivered reversible multiple sodium (i.e. maximum 1.66 Na+ per formula unit) storage capability, which leads to a high specific capacity of 235 Ah kg−1. Combining an average voltage of 2.56 V vs. Na/Na+, a high practical energy density of over 600 Wh kg−1 was achieved, the highest yet reported for any sodium cathode material. The cathode exhibits a very small volume change upon cycling (1.4% for 0.64 sodium and 8.0% for 1.66 sodium ions). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the KVOPO4 framework is a 3D ionic conductor with a reasonably, low Na+ migration energy barrier of ≈450 meV, in line with the good rate capability obtained.
Zipper‐Inspired SEI Film for Remarkably Enhancing the Stability of Li Metal Anode via Nucleation Barriers Controlled Weaving of Lithium Pits
Authors: Wang Dong , Luan Chen , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaofei , Sun Lianshan , Liang Qing , Qin Tingting , Zhao Zhenzhen , Zhou Yan , Wang Peng , Zheng Weitao
Published: May 2018

The lithium dendrite, inducing short circuit and breaking solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films, is deleterious to the stability of Li metal batteries due to the uncontrollable occurrence of miscellaneous stresses. In contrast to conventional suppression routes, herein a strategy is proposed via controlling SEI film broken regions to minimize releasing stress in terms of weaving lithium pits. Inspired by the principle of zippers, zipper‐like SEI films enable offering ordered pattern on the surface of Li anode via mechanical rolling. For the available cells, net‐like sewing/breaking patterns alternatively occur in Li plating/stripping. In the same electrolyte, a stable and dendrite‐free Li homogeneous growth is achieved.
Partial Nitridation‐Induced Electrochemistry Enhancement of Ternary Oxide Nanosheets for Fiber Energy Storage Device
Authors: Tan Hua , Liu Zhihe , Chao Dongliang , Hao Pin , Jia Dedong , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong , Fan Hong Jin
Published: May 2018

Fiber‐based power sources are receiving interest in terms of application in wearable electronic devices. Herein, fiber‐shaped all‐solid‐state asymmetric energy storage devices are fabricated based on a partially nitridized NiCo2O4 hybrid nanostructures on graphite fibers (GFs). The surface nitridation leads to a 3D “pearled‐veil” network structure, in which Ni–Co–N nanospheres are mounted on NiCo2O4 nanosheets' electrode. It is demonstrated that the hybrid materials are more potent than the pure NiCo2O4 in energy storage applications due to a cooperative effect between the constituents. The Ni–Co–N segments augment the pristine oxide nanosheets by enhancing both capacity and rate performance (a specific capacity of 384.75 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1, and a capacity retention of 86.5% as the current is increased to 20 A g−1). The whole material system has a metallic conductivity that renders high‐rate charge and discharge, and an extremely soft feature, so that it can wrap around arbitrary‐shaped holders. All‐solid‐state asymmetric device is fabricated using Ni–Co–N/NiCo2O4/GFs and carbon nanotubes/GFs as the electrodes. The flexible device delivers outstanding performance compared to most oxide‐based full devices. These structured hybrid materials may find applications in miniaturized foldable energy devices.
Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Derivatives with Modified A‐Rings and their Application as Potential Drug Candidates
Authors: Borkova Lucie , Hodon Jiri , Urban Milan
Published: May 2018

This Focus Review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of betulinic acid derivatives with modified A‐rings. It also focuses on their application as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Betulinic acid (BA) exhibits therapeutically interesting biological properties, including antitumor, anti‐HIV, antiprotozoal, and hepato‐ or nephroprotective activity; however, its clinical use has been severely limited by its higher IC50 value and worse pharmacological parameters than the currently used drugs. On the other hand, semisynthetic analogues of BA are much better suited for potential clinical use. Among these analogues, compounds that contain a modified A‐ring are the most promising. We hope that this Focus Review will serve as a guide for the synthesis of new BA derivatives with applications as drug candidates. A general audience may also find this Focus Review interesting, because it describes the structural motifs that are responsible for the observed bioactivities.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed peri‐Selective Direct Alkenylation of 1‐(Methylthio)naphthalene
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Nishii Yuji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: May 2018

A rhodium‐catalyzed direct alkenylation of 1‐(methylthio)naphthalene has been developed using a thioether directing group. The reaction proceeds selectively at the peri‐position of the naphthalene ring with no competing ortho C−H activation. Both alkynes and alkenes can be used as the coupling counterparts. The alkenylated products with alkynes can be converted to benzo[de]thiochromenes by an iodine mediated cyclization method.
Recent Development of Light‐Mediated Carboxylation Using CO2 as the Feedstock
Authors: Hou Jing , Li Jie‐Sheng , Wu Jie
Published: May 2018

CO2 is an attractive renewable C1 feedstock owing to its abundance, low cost, and nontoxicity. Developing new catalytic protocols for CO2 utilization is of great importance. With the development of photoredox catalysis over the past decades, light‐driven CO2 fixation has attracted significant attention. This Review will focus on recent development of light‐promoted carboxylation utilizing CO2 as a C1 source to synthesize value‐added chemicals in the area of organic synthesis.
Aerobic oxidation of styrene in functional reactors and computational fluid dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Liu Chengzhi , He Xiangpo , Zhang Feng , Zhang Zhibing
Published: May 2018

A possible reaction mechanism was proposed, and the kinetic relationships between rate of styrene conversion (or product generation) and condition parameters were established for the aerobic oxidation of styrene by using isobutyraldehyde as coreductant and cobalt(II) acetate as catalyst. The effects of aldehyde amount, catalyst amount, and volume ratio of solvent to styrene on the total yield of products (styrene oxide and benzaldehyde) were evaluated by the response surface methodology systematically. Relative mathematical models were presented to reveal the optimal reaction conditions, which were used for further scale‐up experiments in bubbling column reactor and airlift loop reactor. The 2 reactors had different results due to structural characteristics. Larger gas holdup and longer gas residence time led to higher styrene conversion in the bubbling column reactor, whereas faster and regular liquid circulation resulted in higher styrene oxide selectivity in the airlift loop reactor due to better dispersion of solid catalyst. Furthermore, the different performances of the 2 reactors were explained with computational fluid dynamics by considering turbulence intensity, axial velocity distribution, gas holdup, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient.
Expression of Regeneration‐Associated Proteins in Primary Sensory Neurons and Regenerating Axons After Nerve Injury—An Overview
Authors: Dubový Petr , Klusáková Ilona , Hradilová‐Svíženská Ivana , Joukal Marek
Published: May 2018

Peripheral nerve injury results in profound alterations of the affected neurons resulting from the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic molecular events. Restarting the neuronal regenerative program is an important prerequisite for functional recovery of the injured peripheral nerve. The primary sensory neurons with their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia provide a useful in vivo and in vitro model for studying the mechanisms that regulate intrinsic neuronal regeneration capacity following axotomy. These studies frequently need to indicate the regenerative status of the corresponding neurons. We summarize the critical issues regarding immunohistochemical detection of several regeneration‐associated proteins as markers for the initiation of the regeneration program in rat primary sensory neurons and indicators of axon regeneration in the peripheral nerves. This overview also includes our own results of GAP43 and SCG10 expression in different DRG neurons following double immunostaining with molecular markers of neuronal subpopulations (NF200, CGRP, and IB4) as well as transcription factors (ATF3 and activated STAT3) following unilateral sciatic nerve injury. Anat Rec, 301:1618–1627, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Evaluation of Chitosan Nerve Guides with Regular or Increased Bendability for Acute and Delayed Peripheral Nerve Repair: A Comprehensive Comparison with Autologous Nerve Grafts and Muscle‐in‐Vein Grafts
Authors: Stößel Maria , Wildhagen Vivien M. , Helmecke Olaf , Metzen Jennifer , Pfund Charlotte B. , Freier Thomas , Haastert‐Talini Kirsten
Published: May 2018

Reconstruction of joint‐crossing digital nerves requires the application of nerve guides with a much higher flexibility than used for peripheral nerve repair along larger bones. Nevertheless, collapse‐resistance should be preserved to avoid secondary damage to the regrowing nerve tissue. In recent years, we presented chitosan nerve guides (CNGs) to be highly supportive for the regeneration of critical gap length peripheral nerve defects in the rat. Now, we evidently increased the bendability of regular CNGs (regCNGs) by developing a wavy wall structure, that is, corrugated CNGs (corrCNGs). In a comprehensive in vivo study, we compared both types of CNGs with clinical gold standard autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) and muscle‐in‐vein grafts (MVGs) that have recently been highlighted in the literature as a suitable alternative to ANGs. We reconstructed rat sciatic nerves over a critical gap length of 15 mm either immediately upon transection or after a delay period of 45 days. Electrodiagnostic measurements were applied to monitor functional motor recovery at 60, 90, 120, and 150 (only delayed repair) days postreconstruction. Upon explanation, tube properties were analyzed. Furthermore, distal nerve ends were evaluated using histomorphometry, while connective tissue specimens were subjected to immunohistological stainings. After 120 days (acute repair) or 150 days (delayed repair), respectively, compression–stability of regCNGs was slightly increased while it remained stable in corrCNGs. In both substudies, regCNGs and corrCNGs supported functional recovery of distal plantar muscles in a similar way and to a greater extent when compared with MVGs, while ANGs demonstrated the best support of regeneration. Anat Rec, 301:1697–1713, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Acute Anterior Uveitis, but Not Psoriasis, With Disease Duration in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Varkas Gaëlle , Vastesaeger Nathan , Cypers Heleen , Colman Roos , Renson Thomas , Praet Liesbet Van , Carron Philippe , Raeman Frank , Devinck Mieke , Gyselbrecht Lieve , Corluy Luc , Piette Yves , Lenaerts Jan , Thevissen Kristof , Vanneuville Benedicte , Bosch Filip Van den , Elewaut Dirk
Published: May 2018

Objective

To determine the link between extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) and baseline characteristics in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), and to define their potentially differential prognostic value in 2 large, independent Belgian axial SpA cohorts with distinct recruitment periods.

Methods

Information on demographic and clinical characteristics and extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) was obtained from patients with axial SpA originating from the (Be)Giant (Belgian Inflammatory Arthritis and Spondylitis) cohort, which includes consecutive axial SpA patients whose data have been collected since 2010, and from the ASPECT (Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Epidemiological Cross‐sectional Trial) cohort, a Belgian registry of cross‐sectional data collected between February 2004 and February 2005 from consecutive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or probable AS.

Results

Among the 1,250 Belgian patients studied, disease duration was associated with risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with an increase in risk by 20% per 10 years of disease duration (relative risk [RR] 1.2, P = 0.026), and associated with risk of developing acute anterior uveitis, with an increase in risk by 30% per 10 years of disease duration (RR 1.3, P < 0.001). In the subgroup of 171 newly diagnosed patients with prospective follow‐up data, higher mean C‐reactive protein levels over time were demonstrated in those with acute anterior uveitis or IBD compared to those without EAMs or those with psoriasis alone (each P = 0.01).

Conclusion

The risk of developing acute anterior uveitis or IBD, but not psoriasis, in patients with axial SpA seems to increase with disease duration and appears to be linked to a higher cumulative exposure to inflammation, thus providing a possible explanation for the differential structural progression observed in those with axial SpA.
Similarities between the responses to ANT‐DBS and prior VNS in refractory epilepsy
Authors: Kulju Toni , Haapasalo Joonas , Lehtimäki Kai , Rainesalo Sirpa , Peltola Jukka
Published: May 2018

Objectives

Neurostimulation has offered new treatment options in refractory epilepsy, first with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and more recently with deep brain stimulation (DBS). There is a lack of previous detailed data assessing the relationship between VNS and ANT‐DBS. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between therapeutic responses to VNS and ANT‐DBS.

Materials and Methods

A total of 11 patients with previous VNS therapy underwent ANT‐DBS implantation. Monthly seizure counts starting from baseline before VNS extending to long‐term DBS treatment were analyzed. The reasons for VNS discontinuation were assessed.

Results

Altogether in 10 of 11 patients, the response to VNS seemed to be similar to the response to DBS therapy. Progressive response to VNS was likely to correlate with a progressive response to DBS in three of three patients. Partial response to VNS was associated with a fluctuating response pattern to DBS in two patients. Five of six nonresponders to VNS were also nonresponders to DBS. One of the VNS nonresponders obtained progressive response to DBS.

Conclusions

This is the first study to evaluate in detail the effect of both VNS and ANT‐DBS in refractory epilepsy patients. There is a putative association between VNS and DBS responses suggesting the need for further studies.
Prediction of vascular abnormalities on CT angiography in patients with acute headache
Authors: Alons Imanda M. E. , Goudsmit Ben F. J. , Jellema Korné , van Walderveen Marianne A. A. , Wermer Marieke J. H. , Algra Ale
Published: May 2018

Objectives

Patients with acute headache increasingly undergo CT‐angiography (CTA) to evaluate underlying vascular causes. The aim of this study is to determine clinical and non‐contrast CT (NCCT) criteria to select patients who might benefit from CTA.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients with acute headache who presented to the emergency department of an academic medical center and large regional teaching hospital and underwent NCCT and CTA. We identified factors that increased the probability of finding a vascular abnormality on CTA, performed multivariable regression analyses and determined discrimination with the c‐statistic.

Results

A total of 384 patients underwent NCCT and CTA due to acute headache. NCCT was abnormal in 194 patients. Among these, we found abnormalities in 116 cases of which 99 aneurysms. In the remaining 190 with normal NCCT we found abnormalities in 12 cases; four unruptured aneurysms, three cerebral venous thrombosis’, two reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes, two cervical arterial dissections and one cerebellar infarction. In multivariable analysis abnormal NCCT, lowered consciousness and presentation within 6 hr of headache onset were independently associated with abnormal CTA. The c‐statistic of abnormal NCCT alone was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75–0.80), that also including the other two variables was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.80–0.88). If NCCT was normal no other factors could help identify patients at risk for abnormalities.

Conclusions

In patients with acute headache abnormal NCCT is the strongest predictor of a vascular abnormality on CTA. If NCCT is normal no other predictors increase the probability of finding an abnormality on CTA and diagnostic yield is low.
Angiotensin II enhances the acetylation and release of HMGB1 in RAW264.7 macrophage
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Lu Hongxiang , Chen Rong , Tian Yu , Jiang YuanYuan , Zhang Shiqing , Ni Daobing , Su Zhaoliang , Shao Xiaoyi
Published: May 2018

The high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1), as a highly conserved ubiquitous DNA‐binding protein, has been widely studied in various diseases, including inflammation and tumor; however, fewer studies were focused on the mechanisms controlling HMGB1 release compared with the function of HMGB1. Previous studies have proven that ANG II can act as a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, both of HMGB1 and ANG II were significantly upregulated in autoimmune diseases; however, the exact role of ANG II in regulating HMGB1 release have not been shown. The present study was to define the effects of ANG II on macrophages and the possible mechanisms in controlling HMGB1 release. Our results showed that ANG II can induce M1 macrophage polarization through upregulated the expression of HMGB1 and caused acetylation of HMGB1 and release via its dissociation from SIRT1, which in a positive feedback upregulates ANG II. Subsequently, HMGB1 inhibitors can reduce the ANG II‐elicited polarize of macrophage. Meanwhile, we show that JAK/STAT pathways play an essential role in ANG II‐induced HMGB1 nuclear translocation, JAK/STAT specific inhibitors can inhibit ANG II‐induced HMGB1 expression. Taken together, our results provide a novel evidence that HMGB1 play a critical role in ANG II mediated macrophage polarization, and we suggest that ANG II mediated HMGB1 release via dissociation from SIRT1, induce hyperacetylation of HMGB1, thus for subsequent release, suggesting that the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is a potential drug target for inhibiting HMGB1 release in inflammation diseases.
Co‐occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia in a neonate with Noonan syndrome, leading to premature death
Authors: Tamura Akihiro , Uemura Suguru , Matsubara Kousaku , Kozuki Eru , Tanaka Toshikatsu , Nino Nanako , Yokoi Takehito , Saito Atsuro , Ishida Toshiaki , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Umeki Ikumi , Niihori Tetsuya , Nakazawa Yozo , Koike Kenichi , Aoki Yoko , Kosaka Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of a neonate with Noonan syndrome presenting with concurrent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, which resulted in premature death. Cases with Noonan syndrome diagnosed during the neonatal period might not necessarily show mild clinical course, and premature death is a possible outcome to be considered.
Diagnostic exome sequencing identifies GLI2 haploinsufficiency and chromosome 20 uniparental disomy in a patient with developmental anomalies
Authors: Sajan Samin A. , Powis Zöe , Helbig Katherine L. , Nagakura Honey , Immken Ladonna , Tang Sha , Alcaraz Wendy A.
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

Clinical diagnostic exome sequencing (DES) is currently infrequently used for detecting uniparental disomy (UPD). We present a patient with a dual diagnosis of GLI2 haploinsufficiency as well as UPD of chromosome 20, both identified through DES. We therefore recommend routine UPD analysis during DES to identify this genetic aberration.
In Situ Prepared Flexible 3D Polymer Film Photocatalyst for Highly Selective Solar Fuel Production from CO2
Authors: Yadav Rajesh K. , Kumar Abhishek , Yadav Dolly , Park No‐Joong , Kim Jae Young , Baeg Jin‐Ook
Published: May 2018

The front cover artwork for issue 9/2018 is provided by Prof. Jin‐Ook Baeg's artificial photosynthesis research group from Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Republic of Korea. The image shows a light harvesting 3D aromatic polymer (3DAP) derived from triptycene that can efficiently and selectively convert CO2 to formic acid. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201701730.
Effects of Temperature on the Comproportionation of Metallic Copper and Cupric Ions to Cuprous Ions
Authors: Schmidt Ralf , Gaida Josef
Published: May 2018

The temperature dependence of the comproportionation reaction of metallic copper and cupric ions to cuprous ions was studied by means of conventional polarization experiments. The bulk concentration of cuprous ions was determined by means of Levich plots based on mass‐transport limitations at very small cathodic overpotentials. The corresponding temperature dependence revealed increasing concentration with increasing temperature. This effect could be ascribed to enthalpy and entropy contributions to the Gibbs free energy of the equilibrium between the copper ion species, which were obtained by Van't Hoff analysis of the equilibrium constant. Formation of cuprous ions from metallic copper and cupric ions was found to be endothermic, but slightly favored by entropy. The results provide insights into the temperature dependence of industrial plating electrolytes, which is of increasing importance for upcoming advanced packaging applications like tall copper pillars. This approach should be especially suitable to determine the effects of industrially relevant additives in complicated, multi‐component electrolytes in the future.
Porous Urchin‐like Co3O4 Microspheres as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Nonaqueous and Solid‐State Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Shengming , Zhang Wenqiang , Chen Ning , Sun Chunwen
Published: May 2018

Porous urchin‐like Co3O4 microspheres consisting of nanowires (NWs) have been obtained through a hydrothermal synthesis. This unique porous structure not only increases the number of active sites for reactions, but also provides more storage space for the discharge product Li2O2. When used as a cathode catalyst for Li−O2 batteries with nonaqueous electrolyte, the cell exhibits a much higher initial specific discharge capacity of 9013.1 mA h g−1, better rate capability and cycling stability. Furthermore, rechargeable solid‐state Li−O2 cells were prepared with a hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) membrane composed of inorganic Li7La3Zr2O12 particles and PVDF‐HFP both as electrolyte and separator, and Co3O4‐NWs microspheres used as a catalyst for the air electrode. The solid‐state Li−O2 cell with this catalyst shows a high initial specific capacity of 8000 mA h g−1, close to that of the cell with liquid electrolyte. It also shows a better stability with low polarization.
Nitrogen‐Doped Graphdiyne as High‐Capacity Electrode Materials for Both Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Shen Xiangyan , Yang Ze , Wang Kun , Wang Ning , He Jianjiang , Du Huiping , Huang Changshui
Published: May 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Changshui Huang and Xiangyan Shen, Qingdao Institute of Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China). The image shows that nitrogen‐doped graphdiyne is applied as the anode for Li+ and Na+ capacitors. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201800300.
Impact of Conformational Effects on the Ring–Chain Equilibrium of Hydrogen‐Bonded Dinucleosides
Authors: Montoro‐García Carlos , Bilbao Nerea , Tsagri Iris M. , Zaccaria Francesco , Mayoral Maria J. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , González‐Rodríguez David
Published: May 2018

Supramolecular ring‐versus‐chain equilibria are ubiquitous in biological and synthetic systems. Understanding the factors that decide whether a system will fall on one side or the other is crucial to the control of molecular self‐assembly. This work reports results with two kinds of dinucleoside monomers, in which the balance between closed cycles and open polymers is found to depend on subtle factors that rule conformational equilibria, such as steric hindrance, intramolecular interactions, or π‐conjugation pathways.
Relationships between cetuximab‐induced anaphylaxis and specific antibodies against allergen and tick‐transmitted infections
Authors: Namba Chika , Tohyama Mikiko , Murakami Masamoto , Yoshida Tadashi , Ugumori Tohru , Hato Naohito , Tano Tomoyuki , Hamakawa Hiroyuki , Kojima You , Nishina Tomohiro , Monden Nobuya , Fujita Hiromi , Sayama Koji
Published: May 2018

Background

The principal antigen responsible for cetuximab‐induced anaphylaxis is galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐gal), expressed on the Fab portion of the monoclonal antibody. Recent studies have shown that cetuximab allergy is associated with a history of tick bite. We explored factors predicting cetuximab‐induced anaphylaxis, focusing on the relationship thereof to a history of tick bite.

Methods

Fifty‐two patients prescribed cetuximab at Ehime University Hospital or Shikoku Cancer Center were included in this study. We measured specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels targeting red meats, animal danders, and α‐gal using immunoCAP. Anti‐Rickettsia japonica antibody levels were assayed using an indirect immunoperoxidase test. Anticetuximab antibody was quantified by Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of serum samples.

Results

Of the 52 patients, five exhibited anaphylactic reactions to cetuximab that were not associated with specific IgEs against beef, pork, or animal dander. IgE against α‐gal was detected at class 1 in the sera of two of the five patients. Anticetuximab IgE was detected in four of 52 patients, only one of whom had anaphylaxis to cetuximab. Only two of the 52 patients had a history of a tick bite, one of whom had cetuximab‐induced anaphylaxis. The patient without anaphylaxis was positive for anti‐ R. japonica antibody.

Conclusions

The α‐gal‐specific IgE‐positivity can be used to identify those at risk of cetuximab‐induced anaphylaxis. The cutoff level should be set up the detection limit to predict cetuximab‐induced anaphylaxis, because the antibody levels are very low in our study.
The Impact of Indirect Corporate Social Performance Signals on Firm Value: Evidence from an Event Study
Authors: Luffarelli Jonathan , Awaysheh Amrou
Published: May 2018

Prior research shows that signals sent by institutionalized third parties (i.e. indirect signals) about firms' corporate social performance (CSP) can impact firm value. However, the effects that different types of indirect CSP signals have on firm value have remained largely unexplored. Furthermore, managers often do not fully understand how to communicate CSP effectively. In this article, we operationalize CSP as a multidimensional construct and draw on signalling theory to examine how different types of indirect CSP signals impact firm value. The results of an event study show that institutionalized third parties can play an important role in delivering credible CSP‐related information to the market. Results also demonstrate that the valence (positivity vs. negativity) and content (the specific social domain) of indirect CSP signals are important predictors of the magnitude of market reactions, and that shareholders' responses to the valence and content of indirect CSP signals have substantially changed over time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
How to Harvest Grotthuss Diffusion in Protic Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Systems
Authors: Ingenmey Johannes , Gehrke Sascha , Kirchner Barbara
Published: May 2018

Hydrogen is often regarded as fuel of the future, and there is an increasing demand for the development of anhydrous proton‐conducting electrolytes to enable fuel‐cell operation at elevated temperatures exceeding 120 °C. Much attention has been directed at protic ionic liquids as promising candidates, but in the search for highly conductive systems the possibility of designing Grotthuss diffusion‐enabled protic ionic liquids has been widely overlooked. Herein, the mechanics of proton‐transfer mechanism in the equimolar mixture of N‐methylimidazole and acetic acid was explored using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The ionicity of the system is approximated with good agreement to experiments. This system consists mostly of neutral species but exhibits a high ionic conductivity through Grotthuss‐like proton conduction. Chains of acetic‐acid molecules and other species participating in the proton‐transfer mechanisms resembling Grotthuss diffusion could be directly observed. Furthermore, based on these findings, a series of static quantum chemical calculations was conducted to investigate the effect of substituting the anion and cation with different functional groups. We predict whether a given combination of cation and anion will be a true ionic liquid or a molecular mixture and propose some systems as candidates for Grotthuss diffusion‐enabled protic ionic liquids.
Effect of component quality on sensory characteristics of a fish soup
Authors: Kumpulainen Tommi E. M. , Sandell Mari A. , Hopia Anu I.
Published: May 2018

The foodservice industry is a highly competitive branch where customer satisfaction and loyalty is dependent on the price and the quality of the food. To improve cost competitiveness, instead of fresh ingredients, more preprocessed items are used as components in dishes. This may impair the perceived product quality, and thus potentially decrease customer satisfaction. The effects of the component quality on a single dish were tested by serving fish soup in a consumer study (n = 205), and by serving the dish to an in‐house panel (n = 17) using a modified check‐all‐that‐apply method. The variable used for the quality of the fish and vegetable components was a previously unprocessed/fresh component being compared to a processed. This study showed that in a modular dish, each component had an effect on the perceived quality of the dish. When replacing a preprocessed component with a fresh one, the perceived pleasantness increased to a higher level. The fish as the main dish component had the largest effect on the quality. Fresh fish has the ability to enhance the taste of soup, even with frozen vegetables. The results from this study indicate that the effect of freshness can also be perceived in the cooked product.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Risk Estimate Tool (PREsTo) Predicts Outcomes of the Disease: A Derivation and Validation Study Using Machine Learning
Authors: Eaton John E. , Vesterhus Mette , McCauley Bryan M. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Schlicht Erik M. , Juran Brian D. , Gossard Andrea A. , LaRusso Nicholas F. , Gores Gregory J. , Karlsen Tom H. , Lazaridis Konstantinos N.
Published: May 2018

Improved methods are needed to risk stratify and predict outcomes in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Therefore, we sought to derive and validate a prediction model and compare its performance to existing surrogate markers. The model was derived using 509 subjects from a multicenter North American cohort and validated in an international multicenter cohort (n = 278). Gradient boosting, a machine‐based learning technique, was used to create the model. The endpoint was hepatic decompensation (ascites, variceal hemorrhage, or encephalopathy). Subjects with advanced PSC or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) at baseline were excluded. The PSC risk estimate tool (PREsTo) consists of nine variables: bilirubin, albumin, serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) times the upper limit of normal (ULN), platelets, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hemoglobin, sodium, patient age, and number of years since PSC was diagnosed. Validation in an independent cohort confirms that PREsTo accurately predicts decompensation (C‐statistic, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84‐0.95) and performed well compared to Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (C‐statistic, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57‐0.84), Mayo PSC risk score (C‐statistic, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.92), and SAP <1.5 × ULN (C‐statistic, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.73). PREsTo continued to be accurate among individuals with a bilirubin <2.0 mg/dL (C‐statistic, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82‐0.96) and when the score was reapplied at a later course in the disease (C‐statistic, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.95). Conclusion: PREsTo accurately predicts hepatic decompensation (HD) in PSC and exceeds the performance among other widely available, noninvasive prognostic scoring systems.
Endometrial neoplasia in reproductive‐aged Thai women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Indhavivadhana Suchada , Rattanachaiyanont Manee , Wongwananuruk Thanyarat , Techatraisak Kitirat , Rayasawath Nana , Dangrat Chongdee
Published: May 2018

Objective

To determine the risk of endometrial neoplasia in relation to endometrial thickness and to evaluate factors influencing endometrial thickness in reproductive‐aged Thai women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

The present cross‐sectional study was done at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, between October 1, 2010, and January 31, 2013. We recruited women (aged ≥18 years) with PCOS diagnosed according to the revised 2003 Rotterdam criteria. Data were collected for physical examinations, pelvic ultrasonography, hormonal profiles, and carbohydrate metabolic profiles. Endometrial tissue was obtained using a disposable endometrial‐suctioning device.

Results

The final analysis included 122 women. Six (4.9%) patients had endometrial neoplasia. All six women had an endometrial thickness of 7 mm or more, representing a risk of 8.7% (6/69) in this group. The endometrial thickness was significantly but weakly associated with body mass index (r=0.227, P=0.012), 2‐hour blood glucose (r=0.323, P=0.001), fasting glucose to insulin ratio (r=0.185, P=0.042), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.183, P=0.044), and free testosterone (r=0.236, P=0.009). No categorical risk factors for an endometrial thickness of 7 mm or more were identified.

Conclusion

Thai women with PCOS and a thick endometrium (≥7 mm) had an 8.7% risk of endometrial neoplasia. Invasive endometrial surveillance for the prevention of endometrial cancer is recommended in these women.
Blunt traumatic great saphenous vein pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Fu Yiyi , Fu Yuangen , Lai Yuqiong
Published: May 2018

Traumatic venous pseudoaneurysm is extremely rare. Only two cases of great saphenous venous (GSV) pseudoaneurysm have been reported. We present a case in which a gradually enlarged mass occurred at the calf after local injury. It was nonpulsatile and varied in size with posture. It was initially misdiagnosed by contrast MRI. Duplex ultrasound and surgical intervention eventually identified it as a GSV pseudoaneurysm. This case demonstrates the need for physicians to consider venous pseudoaneurysm as a possible diagnosis for nonpulsatile masses in patient with traumatic history, and to use Duplex ultrasound for adequate evaluation.
HLA‐B57.01 shields people living with HIV for significantly better periodontal health
Authors: Schuettfort Gundolf , de Leuw Philipp , Haberl Annette , Herrmann Eva , Park Kyu‐Hyun , Wolf Timo , Stephan Christoph
Published: May 2018

Background

To assess the association between HLA‐B57.01 (Human leukocyte antigen) and clinical parameters of chronic periodontitis in people living with HIV (PLWHIV).

Methods

All patients were recruited from the HIVCENTER at the University Hospital Frankfurt during April 2014 and July 2015. Periodontal examination included Periodontal Screening Index (PSI), Gingivalindex (GI), Bleeding on Probing Index (BOP), Periodontal Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and DMF‐T Score (decayed, missing, filled teeth). Associations among periodontitis, HLA‐system and additional risk factors in PLWHIV were evaluated in multivariate analyses.

Results

One hundred PLWHIV were enrolled. Forty‐five patients were naive, meaning that these patients never took antiretroviral (ARV) drugs before, 55 patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Nineteen patients presented a positive HLA‐B 57.01 status. PLWHIV who were carriers of HLA‐B 57.01 had significantly lower PSI‐scores (Grade 3 or higher; 0/19 [0%] versus 16/41 [39%] versus 17/40 [42%];p = < 0.001), GI‐scores (Grade 2 or higher; 0/19 [0%] versus 19/41 [46%] versus 28/40 [70%];p = < 0.001) and BOP‐Scores (2/19 [1%] versus 38/41 [92%] versus 40/40 [100%];p = < 0.001) in comparison to naive PLWHIV and PLWHIV receiving cART, who were both not carriers of HLA‐B 57.01. A lower value of PSI‐, GI‐ and BOP‐Score is associated with improved periodontal health. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of periodontitis was decreased in patients who were carriers of HLA‐B 57.01 by measurement of PSI‐Score (OR = 0.006, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.001 to 0.026), GI‐Score (OR = 0.018, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.003 to 0.104) and BOP‐Score (OR = 0.003, 95% confidence interval (CI) = < 0.001 to 0.011).

Conclusions

HLA‐B 57.01 is an independent resistance indicator for generalized periodontitis in PLWHIV with respect to established cofactors.
Viscoelastic Surfactants with High Salt Tolerance, Fast‐Dissolving Property, and Ultralow Interfacial Tension for Chemical Flooding in Offshore Oilfields
Authors: Fan Haiming , Zheng Tong , Chen Haolin , Huang Jun , Wei Zhiyi , Kang Wanli , Dai Caili , Zeng Hongbo
Published: May 2018

Injected chemical flooding systems with high salinity tolerance and fast‐dissolving performance are specially required for enhancing oil recovery in offshore oilfields. In this work, a new type of viscoelastic‐surfactant (VES) solution, which meets these criteria, was prepared by simply mixing the zwitterionic surfactant N‐hexadecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propane sulfonate (HDPS) or N‐octyldecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propane sulfonate (ODPS) with anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Various properties of the surfactant system, including viscoelasticity, dissolution properties, reduction of oil/water interfacial tension (IFT), and oil‐displacement efficiency of the mixed surfactant system, have been studied systematically. A rheology study proves that at high salinity, 0.73 wt.% HDPS/SDS‐ and 0.39 wt.% ODPS/SDS‐mixed surfactant systems formed worm‐like micelles with viscosity reaching 42.3 and 23.8 mPa s at a shear rate of 6 s−1, respectively. Additionally, the HDPS/SDS and ODPS/SDS surfactant mixtures also exhibit a fast‐dissolving property (dissolution time <25 min) in brine. More importantly, those surfactant mixtures can significantly reduce the IFT of oil–water interfaces. As an example, the minimum of dynamic‐IFT (IFTmin) could reach 1.17 × 10−2 mN m−1 between the Bohai Oilfield crude oil and 0.39 wt.% ODPS/SDS solution. Another interesting finding is that polyelectrolytes such as sodium of polyepoxysuccinic acid can be used as a regulator for adjusting IFTmin to an ultralow level (<10−2 mN m−1). Taking advantage of the mobility control and reducing the oil/water IFT of those surfactant mixtures, the VES flooding demonstrates excellent oil‐displacement efficiency, which is close to that of polymer/surfactant flooding or polymer/surfactant/alkali flooding. Our work provides a new type of VES flooding system with excellent performances for chemical flooding in offshore oilfields.
An 18 megapixel 4.3″ 1443 ppi 120 Hz OLED display for wide field of view high acuity head mounted displays
Authors: Vieri Carlin , Lee Grace , Balram Nikhil , Jung Sang Hoon , Yang Joon Young , Yoon Soo Young , Kang In Byeong
Published: May 2018

We developed and fabricated the world's highest resolution (18 megapixel, 1443 ppi) OLED on glass display panel. The design uses a white OLED with color filter structure for high density pixelization and an n‐type LTPS backplane for faster response time than mobile phone displays. A custom high bandwidth driver IC was fabricated. We developed a foveated pixel pipeline appropriate for virtual reality and augmented reality applications, especially mobile systems.