bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do Investors Respond to Disclosure of Audit Quality Indicators?
Authors: Brown J. Owen , Popova Velina K.
Published: March 2019

Both U.S. and international standard setters have sponsored initiatives to develop a reliable portfolio of audit quality indicators (AQIs). We conduct two experiments to examine how investors respond to receiving auditor-disclosed AQIs. We find that investors experience a stronger negative affective reaction toward the auditors when receiving a negative-trending AQI portfolio compared to receiving a positive trend of AQIs or when no AQIs are disclosed. In turn, investors receiving a negative-trending AQI portfolio are less likely to support auditor ratification and choose to voluntarily decrease their investment in the company. Results also indicate that including additional qualitative context within the disclosure increases investor support for auditor ratification when accompanying a positive-trending AQI portfolio but has no additional effect on investor decision-making for a negative-trending AQI portfolio. Our findings help to advance the dialogue on AQIs and suggest a possible path forward for disseminating AQIs to interested stakeholders.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42.
Análise Bibliométrica de Pesquisas Teóricas e Empíricas sobre E-Atmospherics
Authors: De Oliveira Angélica Nascimento , Pereira Jonathan Jones dos Santos , Rodrigues Carlos Manoel Lopes
Published: March 2019

A literatura em estratégia mercadológica sugere que o conceito de atmospherics, tradicionalmente restrito ao ambiente físico da loja, também pode ser aplicado ao contexto digital, modulando o comportamento dos consumidores no e-commerce. Este trabalho realizou, portanto, uma análise bibliométrica de artigos teóricos e empíricos (nacionais e internacionais) publicados nos últimos 16 anos na temática de e-atmospherics, utilizando cinco bases eletrônicas de periódicos. Foram identificados 27 artigos cuja análise das variáveis bibliométricas adotadas para este estudo (ano, abordagem, delineamento, instrumentos, quadro teórico e origem) não identificaram associações significativas, sugerindo que, mesmo possuindo importância teórica e estratégica, pouco tem sido pesquisado, desenvolvido e aplicado nesta temática. Ressalta-se, especialmente, a incipiência de trabalhos na área conduzidos em um contexto brasileiro.
Kültürel Peyzajların Kırsal Turizm İle Kullanım İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Cumalıkızık-Bursa Örneği
Authors: PİRSELİMOĞLU BATMAN Zeynep , ÇELİK ÇANGA Aysun , SÖKMEN Tuğçe
Published: March 2019

Kültürel
peyzajlar doğal alanların dönüşüp gelişen ve yerel kimlik ile kendine özgü
karakter gösteren alanlarıdır. Bu alanların devamlılığını sağlayan kültürel
peyzajlar kırsal turizm için önemli bir yapı taşıdır. Çalışmada amaç kırsal
kimliğe sahip alanlarda kültürel peyzaj değerlerini belirlemek ve bu değerlerin
kırsal turizm üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın materyalini
tarihi ve kültürel kimliğinin yanı sıra zengin kırsal kimliğe sahip, UNESCO
Dünya Miras Listesi’nde bulunan Bursa-Cumalıkızık oluşturmaktadır. Alanın
mevcut doğal ve kültürel değerleri, kırsal turizm kullanımları ortaya
koyulmuş,  arazi çalışması, gözlem, uzman
görüşü ile kültürel peyzaj değerleri belirlenmiştir. Kültürel peyzaj
değerlerinin kırsal turizm kullanımları üzerinde olan etkileri SWOT analizi ve
TOWS matrisi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada alanda yapılacak olan kırsal
turizm planlama çalışmalarına altlık oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir.
Fabrikasyon Ortamında Üretilen Orta Yoğunluktaki Liflevhaların (MDF) Yanma Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜLER Cengiz , ŞİMŞEK Ömer Erdem
Published: March 2019

Odun esaslı kompozit malzemeler içerisinde en önemli ürünlerden biri de liflevhalardır. Liflevhalar lignoselülozik yapıları sebebiyle kolay yanabilme ve tutuşabilme gibi bazı dezavantajlara sahiptir. Bu durum özellikle toplu yaşam alanlarında can ve mal güvenliğini tehdit edici bir unsurdur. Mobilya ve benzeri birçok odun esaslı malzemenin insan sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından yanmaya karşı daha dayanıklı hale getirilmesi önem teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle çeşitli kullanım yerlerinde yanmaya karşı belirli bir dirence sahip olan odun esaslı levha ürünleri zorunlu olarak tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; EcoChem (FR) (Flame Retardand Chemistry) ticari adıyla bilinen yanma geciktirici özelliğe sahip amonyum polifosfat (APP) ile üretilen orta yoğunlukta liflevhaların (MDF) yanma özellikleri incelenmiştir. Hem kontrol örnekleri hem de yanmaya karşı dayanıklı MDF’ler, laboratuar ortamında direk aleve maruz bırakılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca termogravimetrik analiz yöntemi ile de incelenmiştir. Sonuçta FR kimyasalı ile üretilen levhaların % 30 oranında yanmaya karşı daha fazla direnç gösterdiği gözlenmiştir.
Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler İndeksi Kullanılarak Kağıt ve Kağıt Ürünleri Sanayi Sektörünün Rekabet Gücünün Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKYÜZ Kadri Cemil
Published: March 2019

Uluslararası alanda güçlü olabilmek sahip olunan kaynakları doğru ve
verimli kullanabilmeyi zorunlu kılmaktadır. Güçlü sektör ve ürün gruplarının
belirlenmesi ve rekabet özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi başarının temel unsuru
niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmamızda tarihsel süreç içinde değişim gösteren açıklanmış
karşılaştırmalı üstünlükler yaklaşımı kullanılarak kağıt ve kağıt ürünleri
sanayi alanında yer alan 23 alt ürün grubu düzeyinde rekabet gücünün ölçümü
hedeflenmiştir. 2001-2017 yılları kapsamında yapılan çalışmada altı farklı
indeks yardımıyla hesaplamalar yapılmış ve alt ürün grupları düzeyinde rekabet
üstünlükleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kağıt ve kağıt ürünleri alanında
yıllar içinde değişim göstermekle birlikte 7 farklı ürün grubunda rekabet avantajının
var olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sektörel düzeyde rekabet gücünün istenilen seviyeye
ulaşabilmesi için gereken öneriler tanımlanmıştır.
DEPENDENCE OF SEGMENTED AND ROUND WORMS ON OXYGEN IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE NORTH CASPIAN
Authors: Degtyareva Larisa Vyacheslavna , Kostrykina Tatiana Aleksandrovna , Dairova Dinara Srurovna , Kashin Dmitry Vladimirovich , Petrenko Elena Lvovna , Pismennaya Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2019

Oxygen deficiency is caused by temperature and salinity stratification of water masses. Hypoxia was formed mainly on the border of the Northern Caspian - Middle Caspian, in shallow areas (up to 5 m depth), as well as in areas with fine-grained sediments. Representatives of annelid (Annelida) and round (Nemathelminthes) worms are characterized by high frequency. During the study period (2013-2017) the abundance and biomass of the study group varied widely. Oligochaeta was dominated by the total number, Hirudinea - by the total biomass. The maximum frequency was characteristic for polychaetes Hediste diversicolor . The dynamics of quantitative indicators of worms was inversely dependent on changes in the area of hypoxia: the expansion of the hypoxic area showed the decreased number of worms. The limits of tolerance to the oxygen content in individual species and classes of worms living in the north part of the Caspian Sea have been studied. The minimum concentration of oxygen recorded for the entire study period (1.29 ml/l; 21%) is found not critical for Hediste diversicolor and Hypaniola kowalewskii . The low concentration (1.76 ml/l; 31%) does not inhibit the development of Oligochaetas. The other representatives of Vermes group living in the western part of the Northern Caspian were found under the absolute oxygen content exceeding 4.06 ml/l and under the relative oxygen content exceeding 44%. A wide ecological valence for oxygen is characteristic for Hediste diversicolor , Hypaniola kowalewskii and Oligochaeta . Fabricia sabella , Caspiobdella tuberculosis and Archaeobdella esmonti demonstrate the narrow range of oxygen tolerance.
CURRENT STATE AND FISHING OF SMELT (OSMERUS EPERLANUS L.) IN LAKES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA
Authors: Cherepanova Nadezhda Stepanovna , Shirokov Vyacheslav Anatolievich , Georgiev Andrey Pavlovich
Published: March 2019

The article summarizes the results of long-term observations over smelt stocks in the main fishing reservoirs of the Republic of Karelia: Lake Onega, Lake Ladoga, Lake Syamozero, the Vodlozero and Topo-Pyaozero reservoirs. There are given new data on smelt biology (distribution, linear and weight indices, abundance, biomass). In terms of the conducted studies it has been stated that smelt population is currently in a stable state, its catch is conducted mainly at the expense of mature individuals. Dynamics of catch for a long period has been presented. It has been found that the commercial possibilities of smelt population correspond to the production capabilities of its mature species and to the value obtained as a result of the biomass increase. The population of smelt in the Republic of Karelia is currently in a stable state and it is possible to receive greater catches due to more intensive and rationally organized fishery. Favorable state of smelt stocks (except whitebait from the Vodlozero reservoir, whose stocks today are decreasing) doesn’t suggest growing catches because of low consumer and market demands and its moderate commodity value. It has been recommended to stimulate taking out the stocks of smelt in order to rarefy population and to support the community at a higher level by organizing amateur fishing.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Malta’da Müttefik-Mihver Mücadeleleri Ve Halk Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: GÖKTÜRK ÇETİNKAYA Selma
Published: March 2019

1814-1964 arasında İngiliz

himayesinde olan; Tunus, Libya ve İtalya arasındaki konumu sebebiyle

“Akdeniz’in kalbi” olarak bilinen Doğu Akdeniz’deki en önemli Müttefik limanı

Malta, stratejik önemi dolayısıyla İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Müttefiklerle

Mihverlerin mücadele sahası içinde yer almıştır. Bu bağlamda Haziran 1940’tan

Aralık 1942’ye kadar Almanlar ve İtalyanlar havadan ve donanmalarıyla Malta’ya

yaklaşık 2000 bomba atmışlardır ki adadaki en ağır bombardıman 1942’de

yaşanmıştır. Afrika Cephesindeki Alman güçlerine götürülecek yardımların

İngiliz engeline takılmasını önleme amaçlı planlanan Mihverlerin Malta Operasyonu,

İngiltere’nin karşılık vermesiyle bastırılabilmiştir. Almanya ve İtalya’nın

harekâtı sonrasında Müttefikler de Malta üzerinden Mihverleri bombalamaya

başlamıştır. Böylece Akdeniz’in kontrolünü ele geçiren ve Afrika’daki

Montgomery-Rommel mücadelesini kazanan taraf Müttefikler olmuş ve Alman ordusu

Afrika’dan çekilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada İkinci Dünya Savaşı

boyunca Mihver ve Müttefiklerin Malta üzerindeki mücadeleleri, adanın stratejik

konumunun yol açtığı zorluklar, savaşa dahil olmayan insanların hastalıklarla,

açlıkla mücadeleleri anlatılacaktır. Mücadeleler esnasında Malta halkının

yaşadığı sıkıntılardan bahsedilip savaşın insanlar üzerindeki etkisi

anlatılarak İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminin Türkiye’de bilinmeyen ve çalışılmamış

bir meselesi işlenecektir. 
XIX. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Habsburg Devleti’nin Şark Siyasetine Dair Perde Arkası Tartışmalar
Authors: İSMAİLOĞLU KACIR Tuğba
Published: March 2019

Habsburg
ve Osmanlı Devletleri yüzyıllar boyunca siyasi, diplomatik ve kültürel ilişki
içinde bulunmuşlardır. 19. yüzyıl ile birlikte Osmanlı topraklarında yaşanan
Yunan İsyanı (1821-29) ve Mehmet Ali Paşa İsyanı (1831-41), bir anda tüm
Avrupa’nın gündemine oturmuş ve Napolyon’un ardından, bilhassa Metternich’in
(1773-1859) büyük çabalarıyla yeniden tesis edilmeye çalışılan Avrupa düzeninde
bütün taşları yerinden oynatmıştır. 1815 Kongre Sistemi’ndeki uzlaşı gereği,
mevcut Avrupa düzenini muhafaza etme amacıyla, yenilikçi ve ayrılıkçı akımlar
ve girişimler karşısında tüm monarşilerin desteklenmesi fikri sebebiyle, bir
monarşi olan Osmanlı Devleti de Avrupalı monarşiler tarafından desteklenmelidir.
Bu dönemde Metternich’in Osmanlı’dan yana tavır alan devlet politikası Şark
siyasetinde önemli bir değişken olmuş ve bu konu siyasi tarihin önemli
başlıklarından biri olarak tarihçilerin dikkatini bir hayli çekmiştir. Ancak
Metternich’in Osmanlı Devleti’ne dair görüşlerinin nasıl oluştuğu, hangi
kaynaklardan beslendiği soruları ise arka planda kalmıştır.

Metternich’in
kararlarında danışmanı Friedrich von Gentz’in (1764-1832) büyük etkisi
bulunmaktadır. Ancak Osmanlı Devleti ile şahsi hiçbir etkileşimi olmamış ve bu
konuda eğitimi bulunmayan Gentz’i kim veya kimler bilgilendirmekte ve
yönlendirmektedir? Diğer taraftan Habsburg Devleti’nin Şark siyaseti, dönemin
şarkiyatçıları tarafından benimsenmekte midir, yoksa eleştirilmekte midir? Tüm
bu soruların cevabı için dönemin şarkiyatçılarının konuya bakışlarına, fikir
ayrılıklarına ve hatta tartışmalarına bakmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada bilhassa
Gentz, Anton Prokesch von Osten (1795-1876), Franz von Ottenfels-Gschwind
(1778-1851) ve Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1856)’in eserlerinden,
hatıratlarından ve mektuplarından ve dönemin dergi ve gazetelerinde
yayımladıkları siyasi makalelerinden faydalanılarak 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında
Habsburg Devleti’nin Şark siyasetinin perde arkasındaki tartışmalar anlaşılmaya
çalışılacaktır.
Miladi IX. Yüzyılda Bağdat’taki İç Savaşta Ortaya Çıkan “İyiliği Emir, Kötülükten Men Hareketi’nin” Tahlili
Authors: GÖRGÜN Hilal
Published: March 2019

Klasik İslam tarihi ve tabakat kitapları sadece bir “saray kronolojisi
veya savaş tarihi” olmayıp aynı zamanda sosyal tarih açısından da çok zengin
malumat ihtiva ederler. Biz bu çalışmamızda 201/816 yılında Abbasi halifesi Me’mun
zamanında Bağdat’taki iç savaş sırasında anarşiyi bitirmek ve düzeni tesis
etmek üzere ortaya çıkmış olan bir sosyal hareketi ele aldık. Söylemine dayanarak
“Emir bi’l-maꜥrûf” adını verdiğimiz bu hareket bize kriz ve kaos ortamına
sürüklenmiş bir İslam toplumunun davranış refleksleri hakkında da ilginç
ipuçları vermektedir.
67 A 90 Numaralı 1077 – 1080 (1666 - 1670) Kırım Kadıasker Defterine (Şer’iyye Siciline) Göre Yahudilerin Sosyo – Kültürel Hayatı
Authors: ÇAVUŞ Mehmet Caner
Published: March 2019

Şer’iye Sicili olarak ta bildiğimiz Kadıasker

Defterleri Tarih araştırmalarının en önemli kaynaklarından biridir. 67 A 90

numaralı 1666 – 1670 yıllarını kapsayan Kırım Kadıasker Defterini inceledik ve

Kırım bölgesinde yaşayan Yahudiler’in yer aldığı davaları ele alarak bu davalar

hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunduk. Söz konusu davalar, bizlere Kırım’da

yaşayan Yahudi toplumunun sosyal, ekonomik, idari, hukuki alanlarda nasıl bir

toplumsal yapıya sahip olduklarını anlamamızı ve değerlendirmelerde bulunmamızı

sağladı. Yahudilerin yaşadıkları yerlerin isimlerinden ne işlerle

uğraştıklarına, kendi arlarındaki davalardan Müslümanlarla olan davalarına

kadar her türlü detayı gözden geçirdik. Osmanlı Devleti’nin ve hukukunun,

Yahudilerle olan ilişkisini her yönüyle ortaya koymaya çalıştık.
Revisión de Glabrocingulum Thomas (1940), (Gastropoda, Eotomariidae) del Paleozoico superior marino de Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina.
Authors: Pinilla María Karina
Published: March 2019

El género Glabrocingulum Thomas (Gastropoda, Eotomariidae) fue descripto por primera vez en Argentina por Reed (en Du Toit, 1927) con la especie Pleurotomaria argentina nov. sp.  para el Carbonífero superior de Barreal, Provincia de San Juan. Mésigos (1953) lo menciona para la misma localidad y lo ubica estratigráficamente en la Formación Esquina Gris, de la Sierra de Barreal. El género se registra en Europa, América del Norte, América del Sur, Australia y Asia. El primer registro de Glabrocingulum Thomas en nuestro país corresponde a Glabrocingulum (Stenozone) argentinus (Reed) y G. (Glabrocingulum) advenus (Reed), ambos del Carbonífero tardío de la cuenca de Calingasta?Uspallata. Ejemplares de G. (Glabrocingulum) poperimense se han descripto para el Pennsylvaniano-Pérmico temprano de la cuenca de Tepuel-Genoa, provincia del Chubut. Esta especie se registra en sedimentos marinos paleozoicos de tres Formaciones de Grupo Tepuel: desde la base, Pampa de Tepuel, Mojón de Hierro y Rio Genoa. G. (G) poperimense fue asignado previamente a Mourlonia (Pseudobaylea) en la década del 70. Se propone reasignar los especímenes de M. (Pseudobaylea) a G. (Glabrocingulum), argumentado con conceptos sistemáticos modernos y el hallazgo de nuevos ejemplares. Se analiza la asociación donde se halla esta especie y su rango temporal, extendido del Bashkiriano al Artinskiano, en Patagonia. Los ejemplares que proceden de la Formacion Pampa de Tepuel se encuentran asociados con Cinclidonema sueroi Sabattini, Nordospira yochelsoni Sabattini, Callitomaria tepuelensis Sabattini & Noirat, Platyteichum tenuicostatum Sabattini, Neoplatyteichum barrealensis (Reed), Ananias riccardii Pinilla, Euphemites chubutensis Sabattini, Sinuitina (Spirilira) tenuis Pinilla et al., S. (Spirilira) gonzalezi Sabattini, Peruvispira australis Sabattini & Noirat y Peruvispira sueroi Sabattini & Noirat. Esta asociación representa al Bashkiriano - Artinskiano. Los especímenes registrados en las Formaciones Mojón de Hierro y Río Genoa se asocian con Retispira patagoniensis Pinilla & Sabattini, Borestus lunatus Pinilla et al., Glabrocingulum (Stenozone) argentinum Reed, Mourlonia cuneoi Ferrari & Sabattini, Amaurotoma sp., Euomphalus sp., y Austroneilsonia sp., que refieren al Kasimoviano-Artinskiano. Por lo tanto, en la cuenca de Tepuel-Genoa, la edad de G. (Glabrocingulum) varía de Bashkirian a Artinskian. Los especímenes estudiados se encuentran depositados en la colección de la División Paleozoología Invertebrados del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata, bajo el acrónimo (MLP).
Functional and spatial changes of souks in Morocco’s imperial cities in the context of tourism development
Authors: Kania Karolina , Kałaska Maciej
Published: March 2019

Souks have undergone functional and spatial changes in the Moroccan medinas since colonial times due to the tourist activities. The rate of the changes increased at the end of the 20th century because of the expansion of tourism projects. However, there are no publications on the evolution of Moroccan souks in the context of tourism development. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to determine the types of transformations the souks underwent as a result of the dynamic development in this sector of economy. The research focused on two imperial cities: Marrakech and Rabat. Data for analysis was obtained through observations and field interviews in 2014 and by bibliographic query. A retrospective study was carried out which included identification of mechanisms affecting the contemporary organization and physiognomy of the commercial streets. The authors’ work allowed for an identification of development phases of the Moroccan souks under the influence of tourism.
The Art Music’s Road from a Closed System to Openness
Authors: Lehtonen Kimmo , Juvonen Antti
Published: March 2019

In this article we form a review-like vision of the development of Finnish music educational
system. We use a philosophic-historic method combining the historical events into the educational
theories and philosophical points of view. We use conceptions from music sociology and
musicology combined in educational and partly historical point of view. The aim of the study
is to find similar elements in the development of Finnish music education and positivistic and
behaviouristic theories. The power structures and the ways of action are analyzed and estimated
in spirit of discussion and opening new perspectives in the Finnish music education institutes
which are struggling for survival in close future. Our findings show that old traditional ways of
thinking and developing music education systems and organisations have come to the end of the
road and new winds must start blowing. New research, the explosion-like development in music
culture and music industry set new demands also to music education and institutions. The turtle
defence no longer works and music culture must be seen as multidimensional many-sided part of
every human being’s life.
Propagation of weakly nonlinear waves in nanorods using nonlocal elasticity theory
Authors: GAYGUSUZOĞLU Güler
Published: March 2019

The present research examines the propagation of weakly solitary waves in nanorods by employing nonlocal elasticity theory. Many systems in physics, engineering, and natural sciences are nonlinear and modeled with nonlinear equations. Wave propagation, as a branch of nonlinear science, is one of the most widely studied subjects in recent years. Nonlocal elasticity theory represents a technique with increasing popularity for the purpose of conducting the mechanical analysis of microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems. The nonlinear equation of motion of nanorods is derived by utilizing nonlocal elasticity theory. The reductive perturbation technique is employed for the purpose of examining the propagation of weakly nonlinear waves in the longwave approximation, and the Korteweg-de Vries equation is acquired as the governing equation. The steady-state solitary-wave solution is known to be admitted by the KdV equation. To observe the nonlocal effects on the KdV equation numerically, the existence of solitary wave solution has been investigated using the physical and geometric properties of carbon nanotubes. 
Coherent X-ray scattering data for plastics
Authors: BÖKE Aysun
Published: March 2019

Coherent x-ray scattering data including molecular interference effects are obtained for plastics.  To determine the effect of molecular interference, the molecular form factors are calculated.  The theoretical results of molecular form factors are compared with experimental values in literature.  The molecular form factors varies importantly for low momentum transfer values.  As a result of this, for very low photon energies, a significant change in the coherent scattering cross sections is observed.  The interference effects are the main cause of form factor and coherent scattering coefficient differences.  The results obtained in this study will provide remarkable data for use by others to model photon transport problems.
Belirli koşul altındaki asal gamma halkalarının tek yanlı idealleri ve türevleri üzerine
Authors: GENÇ Ahmet
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, belirli koşul altında M asal gamma halkasının herhangi bir (d,k) türevi için elde ettiğimiz bazı sonuçlar Brešar’ ın [3] “One-sided Ideals and Derivations of Prime Rings” adlı makalesine paralel olarak verilmiştir.  Brešar makalesin de R asal halka, d, R halkasının bir türevi ve U, R halkasının bir sağ ideali olmak üzere, d(U)U=0 koşulu varken qU=0 olacak şekilde bazı q Q için, d(x)=[q,x]=qx-xq olduğunu ifade etmiş ve daha sonraki bazı teoremlerde bu özellikten faydalanmıştır.  Bu makalede benzer karekterizasyonlar asal gamma halkalar için elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Acute Dystonia after a Single Dose of Intravenous Metoclopramide during Elective Cesarean Section: A Case Report.
Authors: Levin Danielle
Published: March 2019

We would like to present the first report of severe acute dystonic reaction after a single administration of metoclopramide during cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.  During elective cesarean section, a 30-year-old female vomited four times and was treated with 10mg intravenous metoclopramide and 8mg intravenous ondansetron.  Nausea subsided with the antiemetic treatment, but two minutes later, patient had rapid eye blinking, uncontrollable head movement, and became unresponsive.  Bolus of 50mg intravenous diphenhydramine resolved the acute dystonic symptoms within seconds.  Patient was again oriented times three, with no recollection of symptoms, and remained symptom free for the rest of admission.
Specific-Ion Effects Directed Noble Metal Aerogels: Versatile Manipulation for Electrocatalysis and Beyond
Authors: DU RAN , HU YUE , Hübner René , Joswig Jan-Ole , Fan Xuelin , Schneider Kristian , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: March 2019

Noble metal foams (NMFs) are a new class of functional porous materials featuring properties of both noble metals and monolithic porous materials, providing impressive prospects in catalysis, bio-sensing, plasmonic technologies, etc...Among reported synthetic methods to date, the sol-gel approach manifests overwhelming advantages for versatile synthesis of controlled nanostructured NMFs under mild condition. However, limited gelation methods and insufficient understanding of the underlying mechanism retards structure/composition manipulation of NMFs, hampering ondemand designing for practical applications. Herein highly tunable NMFs are fabricated at room temperature by activating specific-ion effects and regulating ion-nanoparticle interactions, affording various single/alloy NMFs with adjustable compositions (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt), ligament sizes (3.1~142.0 nm), and special morphologies. Their superior performance in programmable self-propulsion devices and electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation are demonstrated. This study provides not only a conceptually new route to fabricate and manipulate functional NMFs, but also an overall picture in understanding the gelation mechanism. It may pave the way for on-target designing versatile NMFs for various applications.
Biyokimya Laboratuvarında Yeni Uygulamalar ve Klinisyenlerin Farkındalığı
Authors: YAZAR Hayrullah , ÖZ Ömer Emre , KÖSE Elif Yıldız
Published: March 2019

Çalışmamızın amacı, biyokimya
laboratuvarımızda yeni uygulanan ve hastane otomasyonu tarafından klinisyenlere
sunulan bazı parametrelerin farkındalık tespitinin yapılmasıdır. Yapılan
araştırmada klinisyenlere anket üzerinden HOMA-IR, eGFR ve dCa hakkında,
çeşitli bilgiler soruldu. Elde edilen veriler, istatistiksel açıdan
değerlendirildi ve klinisyenlerin farkındalığı ölçüldü. Anket çalışmamıza
değişik kliniklerden 100 doktor katıldı. Araştırmaya katılan kişilerin
ünvanlara göre dağılımı; 28 uzman doktor, 16 akademisyen ve 56 asistan şeklinde
oldu. Branşlara göre dağılım, dahili       65
ve cerrahi 35 hekim şeklinde idi. Klinisyenlerin ünvanlarına göre HOMA-IR den
haberdar olma dağılımları anlamlı farklılık gösterdi (p=0.007). En çok haberi
olan klinisyenlerin öğretim üyeleri (%75), en az haberi olanların ise asistanlar
oduğu görüldü (%33.9).  Öte yandan
haberdar olan hekimlerin sadece %21’i HOMA-IR’yi kullanmakta idi. eGFR için
durum şu şekildedir; 91 hekim haberdar, 9 hekim habersiz idi. eGFR kullanan
hekim sayısı 67 iken, 33 hekim kullanmadığını ifade etti. Katılımcıların %74’ü
eGFR’nin işe yaradığını, %11’i işe yaramadığını ve %15’i ise fikri olmadığını
ifade etti. İstatistiksel açıdan anlamlı çıkan bu durumda dikkat çeken detay
ise, cerrahi branşlarda görülen eGFR işe yarama oranının, HOMA-IR’ye göre
oldukça yüksek çıkmasıdır (p<0,001). dCa araştırmamızda ise, katılımcıların
%84’ü önemli olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak yapılan çalışmamız
göstermektedir ki; biyokimya laboratuvarında yeni uygulamalardan klinisyenler
haberdar, ama kullanma noktasında yeterince aktif değillerdir.
Visual tools to assess the plausibility of algorithm-identified infectious disease clusters: an application to mumps data from the Netherlands dating from January 2009 to June 2016
Authors: Soetens Loes , Backer Jantien A. , Hahné Susan , van Binnendijk Rob , Gouma Sigrid , Wallinga Jacco
Published: March 2019

Introduction

With growing amounts of data available, identification of clusters of persons linked to each other by transmission of an infectious disease increasingly relies on automated algorithms. We propose cluster finding to be a two-step process: first, possible transmission clusters are identified using a cluster algorithm, second, the plausibility that the identified clusters represent genuine transmission clusters is evaluated.

Aim

To introduce visual tools to assess automatically identified clusters.

Methods

We developed tools to visualise: (i) clusters found in dimensions of time, geographical location and genetic data; (ii) nested sub-clusters within identified clusters; (iii) intra-cluster pairwise dissimilarities per dimension; (iv) intra-cluster correlation between dimensions. We applied our tools to notified mumps cases in the Netherlands with available disease onset date (January 2009 – June 2016), geographical information (location of residence), and pathogen sequence data (n = 112). We compared identified clusters to clusters reported by the Netherlands Early Warning Committee (NEWC).

Results

We identified five mumps clusters. Three clusters were considered plausible. One was questionable because, in phylogenetic analysis, genetic sequences related to it segregated in two groups. One was implausible with no smaller nested clusters, high intra-cluster dissimilarities on all dimensions, and low intra-cluster correlation between dimensions. The NEWC reports concurred with our findings: the plausible/questionable clusters corresponded to reported outbreaks; the implausible cluster did not.

Conclusion

Our tools for assessing automatically identified clusters allow outbreak investigators to rapidly spot plausible transmission clusters for mumps and other human-to-human transmissible diseases. This fast information processing potentially reduces workload.
Will we reach the Sustainable Development Goals target for tuberculosis in the European Union/European Economic Area by 2030?
Authors: Merk Hanna , Ködmön Csaba , van der Werf Marieke J
Published: March 2019

We assessed progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals target for tuberculosis in the European Union/European Economic Area using the latest tuberculosis (TB) surveillance and Eurostat data. Both the TB notification rate and the number of TB deaths were decreasing before 2015 and the TB notification rate further declined between 2015 and 2017. With the current average decline in notification rate and number of TB deaths however, the EU/EEA will not reach the targets by 2030.
Development and Presentation of an Ethical Framework for Health and Medical Apps
Authors: Tokgöz Pinar , Eger Hannah , Funke Sarah Sharlyn , Gutjar Alexander , Nguyen-Thi Thuy , Dockweiler Christoph
Published: March 2019

The ubiquity of mobile applications makes it difficult to weigh up opportunities and potential risks. One significant aspect of an ethical assessment regarding the development and use of health and medical apps is the lack of clear and consistent guidelines and measures of value. Aim: The aim of this paper was to identify the main ethical determinants associated in the context of health and medical apps and develop a framework for ethical reflection. Methods: A systematic literature search in the database PubMed was undertaken and the journal Biomed Central Medical Ethics was hand searched and 32 met the review criteria. On this basis of the review an interview guide was developed and five purposively selected experts on the field of payers, science, consumers, medical ethics and society were interviewed regarding health and medical apps. Results: There is a lack of consistent and clear guidelines regarding the use of health and medical apps in literature. Indeed, findings refer to established biomedical principles. The interviews identified that several insecurities related to legal and regulatory issues are common. On the other hand, many advantages of the use of health and medical apps have been pointed out by experts. Conclusion: Debates on ethics and the use of health and medical apps should play a significant role in public discussion. Ethical endpoints cannot be considered isolated from each other, and must be regarded as a complex network of aspects connected with each other. Further research should concentrate on the development of consistent guidelines and a framework for reflection of occurring ethical concerns.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENJATUHAN PUTUSAN PIDANA BERSYARAT TERHADAP ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA
Authors: Zainuri Akhmad
Published: March 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana signifikasi dan faktor-faktor hukum bagi pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana dengan syarat bagi anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika, guna memberikan keadilan dan kemanfaatan bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum yang mencarinya dalam ruang persidangan. Berdasarkan kajian penulis terhadap putusan No. 5/Pid.Sus Anak/2015/PN. Stb dengan menggunakan pendekatan kasus (case approach) dalam memahami ratio legis dan ratio decidendi-nya, maka dapat disimpulkan beberapa hambatan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana bersyarat bagi anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika. Anak sebagai salah satu subyek di dalam negara, turut mendapat perlindungan konstitusi tersebut. Artinya, negara dengan berdasarkan kewenangan dan kedudukannya memperhatikan secara seksama segenap fenomena yang meliputi kehidupan anak. Dimana negara lalu mengatur fenomena-fenomena tersebut dengan membuat suatu hukum sebagai aturan-aturan yang mengikat serta harus dipatuhi oleh setiap individu dalam masyarakat, sekaligus penerapan sanksi bagi yang melanggar aturan. Arti penting perlindungan hukum bagi anak dapat dipahami dari posisinya sebagai bagian dari generasi muda suatu bangsa yang memiliki potensi untuk memajukan bangsa kelak ketika dewasa. Anak perlu mendapat perlindungan dan pembinaan agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik.
FUNGSI HUKUM DALAM PENATAAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Wirentangun Lalu
Published: March 2019

Dalam pemanfaatnnya, banyak terjadi permsalahan yang timbul dalam pemberian hak atas tanah terhadap pulau-pulau kecil yang ada di NTB, oleh sebab itu perlu sekiranya dikaji berkenaan dengan pengelolan pulau- pulau  kecil  tersebut. Rumusan masalah  dalam  penelitian  ini  adalah bagaimana dasar fungsi hukum dalam penataan pulau-pulau kecil yang mencerminkan fungsi hukum integratif , mekanisme dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hukum dalam penataan pulau-pulau kecil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penilitan hukum normatif. Terdapat konflik norma yang terjadi pada aturan hukum terhadap penataan pulau-pulau  kecil  yakni  antara  Perkaban  No.  17 Tahun 2016  dengan Perkaban No. 3 Tahun 1999 sehingga menimbulkan konflik norma. Sehingga ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kebijakan hukum integratif dalam penataan pulau-pulau kecil di Nusa Tenggara barat diantaranya   masalah   konflik   norma   pengaturan   pulau-pulau   kecil tersebut, faktor penegakan hukum, faktor sarana dan fasilitas pendukung serta faktor ekonomi. Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya pengaturan hukum yang jelas.
The Internal-External Dialectic: The Political and the Economic in the Foreign Policy of Turkey’s Refah Party
Authors: Avcı Akif
Published: March 2019

The primary objective of this study is to examine the dialectical relationship between internal and external factors which shaped the foreign policy approach of the Welfare Party (Refah Partisi, the RP) in Turkey in the 1990s. To grasp the class characteristics of the RP, the relationship between the RP and the state within the power bloc, and its relations with global capitalism, this study addresses the connection between neoliberalism and political Islam in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the study focuses on social relations of production, relations at the state level, and international relations which shaped the foreign policy of the RP. Accordingly, it examines the dialectical relationship between the political and the economic which shaped the material basis of the RP and its foreign policy. The study concludes that the analysis of the RP’s foreign policy requires some form of a combination of internal and external factors which form essential extra economic and political conditions for social cohesion. Finally, it demonstrates that there was neither a shift nor a change in Turkish foreign policy under the RP-led coalition government during 1996 and 1997.
Churn Prediction Task in MOOC
Authors: Liubov Lisitsyna , S. A. Oreshin
Published: March 2019

Churn prediction is a common task for machine learning applications in business. In this paper, this task is adapted for solving problem of low efficiency of massive open online courses (only 5% of all the students finish their course). The approach is presented on course “Methods and algorithms of the graph theory” held on national platform of online education in Russia. This paper includes all the steps to build an intelligent system to predict students who are active during the course, but not likely to finish it. The first part consists of constructing the right sample for prediction, EDA and choosing the most appropriate week of the course to make predictions on. The second part is about choosing the right metric and building models. Also, approach with using ensembles like stacking is proposed to increase the accuracy of predictions. As a result, a general approach to build a churn prediction model for online course is reviewed. This approach can be used for making the process of online education adaptive and intelligent for a separate student.
Fractal Geometry: Axioms, Fractal Derivative and Its Geometrical Meaning
Authors: Balkhanov V. K.
Published: March 2019

Physics success is largely determined by using mathematics. Physics often themselves create the necessary mathematical apparatus. This article shows how you can construct a fractal calculus - mathematics of fractal geometry. In modern scientific literature often write from a firm that "there is no strict definition of fractals", to the more moderate that "objects in a certain sense, fractal and similar." We show that fractal geometry is a strict mathematical theory, defined by their axioms. This methodology allows the geometry of axiomatised naturally define fractal integrals and differentials. Consistent application on your input below the axiom gives the opportunity to develop effective methods of measurement of fractal dimension, geometrical interpretation of fractal derivative gain and open dual symmetry.
Polyphenols profiles and antioxidant activities of extracts from Capsicum chinense in vitro plants and callus cultures
Authors: Sherova Gergana , Pavlov Atanas , Georgiev Vasil
Published: March 2019

In vitro plants of Capsicum chinense cv. Carolina Reaper have been obtained by planting seeds on sterile MS medium. The plants were used to initiate callus culture on half strength MS medium, supplied with 2 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine. The polyphenol profiles (phenolic acids and flavonoids) of methanol extracts from obtained callus and in vitro plants have been analyzed by HPLC. The main constituents in plant extract were protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, rutin, hesperetin and myricetin, whereas in callus extract the major compounds were found to be chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, hyperoside, myricetin and hesperetin. The antioxidant capacity of both extracts have been evaluated by using DPPH, TEAC, FRAP and CUPRAC assays. In our knowledge, this is the first report for obtaining of callus culture from Capsicum chinense cv. Carolina Reaper and evaluation of phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of its extract. Practical applications: The research outlines the potential of Capsicum in vitro systems as a renewable source of active ingredients for application in cosmetic and food products.
Fatty acid profile of the backfat layers in four pig breeds
Authors: Popova Teodora , Nakev Jivko
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the fatty acid profile of the backfat layers in four pig breeds – Landrace, Pietrain, Duroc and Large White. Six gilts per breed were used for the analysis. While differences between the examined breeds were limited to the content of C18:1n-9 and the total level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which were highest in the inner backfat layer of Duroc pigs, the two layers differed substantially. Generally, the inner backfat layer was more saturated when compared to the outer layer. On the other hand, the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher in the outer layer. The differences in the fatty acid profile between the two backfat layers were most visible in the Landrace pigs. The latter showed significantly higher content of C18:0 (P<0.001), which was also found in Duroc (P<0.05), as well as total saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P<0.01) in the inner layer. Furthermore, higher levels of C18:2n-6 (P<0.05), C18:3n-3 (P<0.01) and the total amount of PUFA (P<0.05) were found in the outer backfat layer in the animals of the Landrace breed.
Risk from Staphylococcus aureus in informally marketed raw cow milk
Authors: Bangieva Desislava , Rusev Valentin
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in raw cow milk samples taken from peddlers of five regions in Bulgaria. The results showed that all 44 samples tested were positive for Staphylococcus spp. All isolates were tested for coagulase production and subjected to PCR analysis. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and nuc genes found the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in 23 (52.3%) of a total of 44 raw milk samples. The number of Staphylococcus spp. ranged from 3x102 to 1.08x106 cfu/ml, and that of Staphylococcus aureus from 1.5x102 to 3.19x105 cfu/ml. It is concluded that control over the hygiene of handling and processing raw milk is essential for its safety.
On the Theotokia in the Canon for St. Wenceslas
Authors: Tomelleri Vittorio Springfield
Published: March 2019

The present paper reports on the first results from the investigation of the Church Slavonic canon composed for the Czech saint Wenceslas (Václav, Viacheslav) and preserved in East Slavic manuscripts from the end of the 11th century. Particular attention has been given to the analysis of the Marian hymns (theotokia), whose Greek originals could be detected in all cases but one (the first ode). The Slavonic translation has been thoroughly compared with its Greek original and with other versions taken from different canons. Following the critical edition of each single Slavonic text, a synoptic interlinear version is provided, which allows the immediate identification of common readings, errors, and omissions. The theotokia contained in the canon for Wenceslas show interesting similarities with the textual tradition documented in the Oktoechos and the Common of Saints, the latter being usually associated with Clement of Ohrid; a possible explanation of this fact could be that these texts were not newly translated from Greek, but taken from already existing hymnographic sources. Undoubtedly, much deeper analysis is required in order to disentangle the textual history of these texts; the collected material aims to provide a good starting point for further investigations.
The Ideological Basis of the “National” Intellectuals of the Imperial Period: The Views of G. A. Poletika (1725–1784) on “Ukrainian Statehood”
Authors: Lazarev Yakov A.
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with questions regarding the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation and, particularly, the impact of the political activities and writings of G. A. Poletika (1725–1784). The author reconstructs the context of the genesis of Poletika’s views of the history of “Malorossiya” and the Zaporozhian Host. The paper shows that the debates about the rights and duties of the nobility, in which Poletika was deeply involved, could not produce radically new political language capable of questioning the integrity of the Russian Empire. This, in turn, derives from the fact that preservation of “Malorossiyan rights” was an important element of political bargaining for the Ukrainian Cossack elite. The purpose of this bargain was to consolidate the privileged position of the Cossack elite. In Poletika’s writings, the ideal of the “Hetmanate” or independent “Ukrainian Cossack state,” as well as feelings about the loss of the “Ukrainian state,” was absent, even though this concept was common to all Malorossiyan social groups. The Cossack past was considered by Poletika as an “age of misfortune,” in contrast to the Polish times. The author concludes that there were significant ruptures in the process of building the modern Ukrainian nation.
Linguistic Features of the Earliest Copy of the Didactic Gospel by Constantine the Presbyteros: From the East Slavic Manuscript to the South Slavic Archetype
Authors: Krivko Roman N.
Published: March 2019

The article is dedicated to the linguistic features of the Didactic Gospel by Constantine the Presbyteros, who is also known as Constantine of Preslav or Constantine of Bregalnica. The earliest witness of the original text, which Constantine wrote down at the end of the 9th century in the First Bulgarian Kingdom, is the Old East Slavonic manuscript dating to the end of the 11th–beginning of the 12th centuries (this manuscript is sometimes dated to a later period). The manuscript is remarkable for its graphic and orthographic features characteristic only for the earliest Church Slavonic sources of East Slavonic provenance; these sources are dated to the 11th century or to the beginning of the 12th century. At the same time, the manuscript attests phonetic innovations caused by the initial stage of the loss of the jer-vowels, such as “new jat’” and the change of e into o. On the basis of the earliest manifestations of the change of e into o in the written sources, the author argues that this phonetic change took place in the southern part of the East Slavonic area and first of all in the prefinal syllable before the final jer in the absolute weak position. Phonetic and orthographic peculiarities of the East Slavonic witness of the Didactic Gospel testify to the southwest Balkan provenance of its South Slavonic protograph, which must have been a Cyrillic one. (On the basis of lexical data, the southwest Balkan origin of Constantine’s archetype was argued by the author elsewhere.) From the point of view of verbal morphology, the earliest witness of the Didactic Gospel seems to be one of the most archaic East Slavonic manuscripts, which is particularly testified by a number of forms of the root aorist. Special attention is devoted to the construction called “relativer Attributivkonnex” (Ch. Koch). It was discovered by scholars in a number of South Slavonic sources or in East Slavonic manuscripts which go back to the South Slavonic tradition, and is to be observed in the Didactic Gospel, too.
A Clinician's Primer for Idiographic Research
Authors: Piccirillo Marilyn , Beck Emorie D , Rodebaugh Thomas
Published: March 2019

Theorists and clinicians have long noted the need for idiographic (i.e., individual-level) designs within clinical psychology. Results from idiographic work may provide a possible resolution of the therapist’s dilemma – the problem of treating an individual using information gathered via group-level research. Due to advances in data collection and time series methodology, there has been increasing interest in using idiographic designs to answer clinical questions. Although time series methods have been well-studied outside the field of clinical psychology, there is limited direction on how clinicians can use such models to inform their clinical practice. In this primer, we collate decades of published and word-of-mouth information on idiographic designs, measurement, and modeling. We aim to provide an initial guide on the theoretical and practical considerations that we urge interested clinicians to consider before conducting idiographic work of their own.