bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the current state of knowledge in forecasting and searching for gold deposits in the North-Western Balkhash region
Authors:   Satbayev University, Umirova G.K. , Zakariya M.K. ,   Nomad Geo Service, Abdullina A.K. ,   Karaganda Technical University named after Abylkas Saginov
Published: May 2024

The article provides an assessment of the degree of knowledge of the North-Western Balkhash region based on a priori information from the previously conducted complex of geological and geophysical studies. Today, much is known about the geological, tectonic structure of the North-Eastern Balkhash region, the metallogeny of the region, the main structural elements have been identified; there are characteristics of intrusive formations, the age of the main rock complexes has been determined, several mineralization points, ore occurrences and deposits have been discovered. Based on the results of the earlier work, the Dolinnoye, Pustynnoye, and Karyernoye deposits were discovered. They are characterized by promising gold reserves. The determining role when carrying out prospecting geophysical work is played by the degree of exploration of deposits, which makes it possible to formulate an optimal technology for detecting mineralization points and ore deposits and to reduce the risks of erroneous selection of production facilities to the minimum. The article analyzes the level and provides cartograms of the exploration of the North-Western Balkhash region territory by geological surveying, mining operations, sampling and geophysical methods. The geological and geophysical history of research in the territory of the Dolinnoye, Pustynnoye, and Karyernoye deposits was considered. Conclusions were drawn about the level of exploration of the research area and the need for further geophysical work in this territory, due to the high productivity of the area for copper mineralization.
Sequential Transportation of Different Oil Batches through the Industrial Pipeline
Authors:   Satbayev University, Ramazanova G.I. , Bekibayev T.T. ,   Satbayev University, Soltanbekova K.A. ,   Satbayev University, Aldzhambekova G.T. ,   Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after G. Daukeyev
Published: May 2024

In sequential pumping, several liquids with different physical and chemical properties are pumped through one pipeline. The advantages of this method include: using one pipeline to transport different liquids; more complete pipeline loading; and reduced cost of pumping. The paper considers the sequential pumping of two batches of oil blends with different physicochemical properties through an industrial oil pipeline. This is because a batch of high-paraffin oil blend is simultaneously pumped to an oil refinery, and a batch of high-viscosity oil blend is transported further along a pipeline. The difference between the thermal-physical and rheological properties of oil batches imposes a condition on the thermal mode of operation of an industrial pipeline. A mathematical model and algorithm have been created for calculating the sequential transportation of high-paraffin and high-viscosity oil blends. Thermohydraulic calculations of the model show the distribution of hydraulic head, pressure, and temperature of the batches under the operating conditions of pumping units and heating furnaces. The verification and validation of the theoretical analysis was carried out with experimental data measured by the SCADA along the industrial pipeline length. By the thermal mode of sequential pumping, optimal heating temperatures of oil blends were found at the industrial pipeline stations.
COMPLEJIDAD SOCIOAMBIENTAL, VULNERABILIDAD SOCIOECOLÓGICA Y URBANIZACIÓN: ANÁLISIS EXPLORATORIO DE LA AVALANCHA EN SAN GABRIEL, JALISCO, MÉXICO
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, W. Gerritsen Peter R. , Ortiz Arrona Claudia Irene ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Osorio Estrella Cecilia Araceli ,   Fundación por una Nueva Solución
Published: May 2024

Los desafíos socioambientales contemporáneos se caracterizan por su elevada complejidad, lo que resulta en una creciente vulnerabilidad socioecológica. Por ello, para comprender estos problemas es necesario analizar los múltiples factores que influyen en su origen y desarrollo. Presentamos, a partir de una revisión de fuentes secundarias, un primer análisis de la avalancha de lodo, residuos y materia orgánica que ocurrió en junio de 2019 en la cabecera del municipio de San Gabriel, en el estado de Jalisco, México. Si bien este desastre ambiental se ha atribuido principalmente a la expansión del cultivo de aguacate, se argumenta que otros factores, incluida la urbanización espontánea, también desempeñan un papel significativo. A través de este análisis, se explora la complejidad socioambiental subyacente que contribuyó a la vulnerabilidad socioecológica y, en última instancia, desencadenó la avalancha en San Gabriel. Se concluye con reflexiones generales, resaltando la importancia de abordar la gestión de políticas ambientales desde una perspectiva colaborativa que involucre a todos los sectores sociales.
An Improved Face Recognition Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan, Daniyal Syed Muhammad , Masood Atiya ,   Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan, Ebrahim Mansoor , Ebrahim Mansoor ,   Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan,   Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan, Adil Syed Hasan ,   Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan, Raza Kamran ,   Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan
Published: May 2024

Face recognition using an image-processing technique is a valuable and effective approach to verifying the identity of a human being. Authorizing users based on human face identification remains one of the biggest challenges. However, with the improvement of deep learning and the creation of deep convolutional neural networks, the performance of face recognition has significantly improved. However, the outcomes from different models and networks are quite different in terms of accuracy. This paper proposes a face recognition model based on a Convolutional neural network (CNN). The recognition rate of the AT&T and AR data set on the proposed model is 99.17% and 99.12%.
An Efficient GPU/Deep Learning Model Approach for Brain Tumor Detection in Pakistan
Authors:   Department of Artificial Intelligence, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, Pathan Zulfiqar Hussain , Sikander Ahmed ,   Department of Cyber Security, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, Aziz Asif ,   AI Vision Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, Tunio Muhammad Zahid ,   Department of Computer System Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, Saleem Muhammad ,   Department of Computer Science, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: May 2024

The detection and diagnosis of brain tumors using conventional methods have enormous limitations and ambiguities. Purpose of this study is to identify Brain Tumor (BT) in CT scan by using emerging artificial intelligence paradigm i.e deep learning models. The primary objective is to leverage deep learning to advance the development of robust and reliable tools for early detection and diagnosis of brain tumors. Conventional methods for BT detection are no longer sufficient. and suitable approach for BT detection, as it is very sensitive and critical for human. So this study put an effort to evaluate the performance of deep learning models in recognizing BT in CT scans, with an additional focus on the development of a user-friendly dashboard using PHP for result visualization. The results of this research will contribute to the development of trustworthy tools that can aid medical professionals in the early detection and diagnosis of BT. To validate the effectiveness of the deep learning model, a comprehensive experimental evaluation is conducted using publicly accessible brain tumor datasets. The model's accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and other relevant performance measures are rigorously assessed. Additionally, the study introduces a user-friendly dashboard developed in PHP to facilitate the intuitive display of results, enhancing the practicality of the deep learning model in a clinical setting. The experimental evaluation, using a substantial dataset of annotated BT images, confirms the effectiveness of the deep learning models in recognizing brain tumors in CT scans. The study provides valuable insights into the functionality, interpretability, and potential clinical application of the deep learning models for diagnosing brain tumors. This research contributes to ongoing efforts in BT treatment, while also aiming to improve patient care and outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Legal System
Authors:   Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University of Law (SZABUL), Karachi, Pakistan, Farrukh Tehreem , Qureshi Farrukh Naseem ,   School of Economics and Business Kaunsas University of Technology Lithuania, Abbasi Sanaullah ,   Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University of Law (SZABUL), Karachi, Pakistan
Published: May 2024

The impact of artificial intelligence on the legal profession cannot be ignored by legal practitioners. Therefore, this paper first examines the current state of the development and application of artificial intelligence while attempting to deduce its impact on the legal profession. AI is a tool, and paper suggest that it will enhance human abilities and enable lawyers to better perform their roles. The results of an AI-generated response to a legal question or the work product from a legal assignment are often of high quality. However, this research paper has shown that AI-generated research, analysis, and drafting can sometimes be incorrect. The paper also explores the factors and conditions that influence the performance of AI systems and suggests the need of  human supervision, legal knowledge, and ethical frameworks to guarantee justice and fairness without error.
Plant Disease Detection using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Department of Computer Science FAST NUCES Karachi, Pakistan, Arshad Alina , Adil Syed Hasan ,   Department of Computer Science Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan, Ebrahim Mansoor ,   Department of Computer Science Iqra University Karachi, Pakistan
Published: May 2024

The current agriculture system of the world is facing a massive challenge to agricultural productivity. Agricultural productivity must be increased to maintain enough food. Due to the various plant diseases, the expected agricultural productivity is impossible to achieve. Using Deep Learning (DL) in the agriculture field, farmers can monitor continuously rather than manually checking plants’ health. ResNet, DenseNet, GoogleNet, Inception, and YOLO are deep learning-based computer vision models. The most significant advantage of Deep Learning is that we do not need to extract features from the image manually. You feed the raw pixels in the images directly as inputs to the network. The network learns to extract features while training the model. The basic objective of this work is to propose multiple convolutional neural network-based models and identify the best model suitable for classifying the individual plant image into healthy and disease (multiple diseases) classes. This will help farmers and agriculturists to have a 360° insight into the cultivation status of the plants. Furthermore, to assess the proposed models; different quality metrics have been computed (i.e., accuracy and loss on the training, validation, and test datasets) to perform the comparative analysis between our proposed and existing techniques. These proposed models achieved a validation accuracy of 97% using MobileNet V1, 96% using MobileNet V1, and 83% using Vanilla CNN. While on 33 challenging images, a test accuracy of 82% using MobileNet V1, 76% using MobileNet V1, and 53% using Vanilla CNN has been achieved.
A Comparative Analysis of different Vehicular Fog Computing Scheduling Algorithms
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan, Khan Iqbal Uddin , Saleem Muhammad Aamer ,   Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan, Hussain Faizan ,   Faculty of Information Systems and Applied Computer Sciences Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg, Germany
Published: May 2024

Fog computing (FC) is considered one of the smart and effective solutions for service provisioning to the Internet of Everything (IoE) layer. IoE layer means the platforms including homes, vehicles, infrastructures, and alike others. FC supports the IoE layer in a smart and charismatic manner by providing services near the smart devices, from vehicles to other mobilities, and fitting the response and delay time requirements. In the proposed paper, the authors focused on discussing vehicular fog computing (VFC) and how FC supports smart vehicles operating on the IoT layer. In the previous decade, scheduling algorithms are proposed by different scholars such as RTFRS, FCFS, ILP, and others to improve the working and efficacy of VFC. In the proposed paper, an analysis is done on the VFC scheduling algorithms published in the last three years in accordance with areas such as traditional, meta-heuristic, deep reinforcement learning, fuzzy logic, heuristic, and integer linear programming. The analysis is done to examine the areas of scheduling such as task scheduling, resource allocation, and others on which the existing solutions are working. This helps in inspecting the gap across which in future further work can be done.
Semiotic Analysis: A Study Of The Interpretation Of Road Signs Among Professional And Non-Professional Drivers In District Mardan
Authors: Rauf Sumaira , Gul Aiman , Faryal Syeda
Published: May 2024

The aim of the current study is to examine how professional and non-professional drivers can comprehend the traffic signs that are most prevalent in the Mardan region. This research intends to draw attention to the differences between drivers' perceptions and understanding. This study also intends to determine how education affects the comprehension and interpretation of professional and non-professional drivers. To conduct this study, the researchers have collected data from non-professional and professional drivers of the Mardan region. The drivers were interviewed, and based on their responses; they were divided into professional and non-professional drivers. The study's main objective is to shed light on how professional and nonprofessional drivers interpret traffic signs that they come into close contact with. The researchers came to the conclusion that professional drivers' interpretations differ from those of non-professional drivers. The study also discovered that drivers mostly depend on their driving experience for comprehension rather than their educational background.
Impact of US Military Interventions on Regional Stability
Authors: Munir Sahibzada Adil
Published: May 2024

There are important geopolitical ramifications to the intricate and diverse problem of how US military actions affect regional security. The long- and short-term implications of such actions on the stability of impacted regions are examined in this abstract. The formation of post-conflict governance systems, the use of military force in conflict resolution, and the socioeconomic effects on the local populace are some of the important aspects that have been looked at. The abstract also evaluates how US actions affect regional alliances and power dynamics. The research uses a thorough examination of past examples, looking at situations like Libya, Afghanistan, and Iraq. This study attempts to shed light on the larger effects of US military operations on international security and diplomacy by investigating the relationship between these actions and regional stability.
Paraquat Toxicity Leading to Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report in an Adult Patient
Authors: Shah Newton Ashish , Yadav Manish , Sah Rupesh , Rajbhandari Bibek
Published: May 2024

Paraquat poisoning poses a significant and emerging public health challenge in developing countries. The distribution and usage of Paraquat, a potent herbicide, remain unrestricted in many regions despite its high fatality rate and absence of a specific antidote. Paraquat mostly involves lungs but can also involve the kidneys and liver. Diagnostic challenges and a lack of available samples at presentation contribute to underreporting and limited awareness among healthcare providers, making paraquat poisoning a neglected toxicological emergency. Herein, we present a case of a 40-year-old male who presented to the emergency department on the fourth day after ingesting paraquat in a suicidal attempt. Upon presentation, he had erosion on the tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall, along with deranged renal function tests and elevated serum creatinine levels. The patient developed acute kidney injury, with serum creatinine levels rapidly rising from normal to 3.85 mg/dl, accompanied by a decrease in daily urine output. He was managed conservatively, and his hospital stay was uneventful.
ФІЗИЧНА ТЕРАПІЯ ДІТЕЙ З ВРОДЖЕНОЮ М’ЯЗОВОЮ КРИВОШИЄЮ
Authors: СКЛЯР Анастасія , БАНДУРІНА Катерина
Published: May 2024

У статті представлено огляд сучасних підходів до фізичної терапії у відновленні та лікуванні дітей з вродженою м'язовою кривошиєю. Представлена етіологія та патогенез захворювання у дітей першого року життя.  Ефективність фізичної терапії залежить від правильно підібраного підходу до поетапного планування. Планування фізичної терапії допомагає не тільки визначити терміни та тривалість терапії, але й окреслити найбільш успішний метод подолання захворювання новонародженого та спрогнозувати кінцевий результат.
Висвітлюються питання важливості індивідуального підходу до дітей з вродженою м’язовою кривошиєю, оскільки ефективність і результативність фізичної терапії залежить від правильного підходу до планування. Комплексна програма фізичної терапії дозволяє визначити час реабілітації, а також сформувати шляхи подолання патологічних процесів і спрогнозувати результат.
Визначено, що засоби фізичної терапії позитивно впливають на всі системи організму, стимулюючи їх захисні функції і допомагають усунути запальні та дистрофічні порушення. При виборі терапевтичних засобів слід враховувати ступінь кривошиї, вік і фізичні особливості дитини. Дослідження показали, що правильне застосування заходів фізичної терапії приносить позитивну динаміку в лікуванні кривошиї. Спираючись на проведений аналіз літературних джерел, власний практичний досвід та попередні дослідження в цьому напрямку, дозволяє визначити індивідуалізацію проведення заходів фізичної терапії сприяла значному поліпшенню функціонального стану уражених і здорових грудинно-ключично-соскоподібних м’язів, нормалізації м’язового тонусу і будови тіла, зменшенню кута нахилу голови, поліпшенню рухливості шийного відділу хребта та зменшенню рухливості шийного відділу хребта. Фізична терапія при вродженій кривошиї є довготривалою та комплексною і включає в себе фізичні вправи, масаж та фізіотерапію. Таким чином, застосування засобів фізичної терапії при вродженій м’язової кривошиї потребує комплексного застосування сучасних засобів і методів для досягнення позитивної динаміки.
The role of nonverbal communication in enhancing effective leadership in organizational contexts
Authors: Azhar Fauzan
Published: May 2024

In an era of business that continues to develop, successful effective leadership is the key for organizations to achieve their goals and maintain their competitiveness. The primary objective of this study is to examine how nonverbal communication contributes to leadership effectiveness. This research uses a qualitative literature study approach to explore the important role of nonverbal communication in improving effective leadership in an organizational context. Through literature analysis related to the concepts of nonverbal communication, leadership styles, and organizational dynamics, this research identifies key elements of nonverbal communication that can influence leadership effectiveness. The research results highlight the complexity of nonverbal communication interactions, including facial expressions, body language, and voice intonation, in the context of organizational leadership. The literature analysis also includes the positive impact of nonverbal communication on building interpersonal relationships, facilitating team communication, and strengthening the leadership image. This study also explores the challenges that may arise in understanding and managing nonverbal communication in diverse organizational contexts. This research provides in-depth insight into how understanding and mastering nonverbal communication can increase leadership effectiveness in managing organizational dynamics. The implications of this research are expected to provide practical guidance for leaders and professionals in developing their nonverbal communication skills to achieve more effective leadership in complex organizational environments.
Change management strategy in the implementation of electronic medical record system in the era of digital transformation: Case study at Rahman Rahim Hospital
Authors: Nurmaidah Nurmaidah , Kustiningsih Nanik , Rahayu Sri
Published: May 2024

The problems faced by Rahman Rahim Hospital are related to implementing an electronic medical record system, so it is necessary to implement a change management strategy at the hospital. This study aims to determine change management strategies in implementing the medical record system at Rahman Rahm Hospital. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The population in this study were all employees of Rahman Rahim Sidaorjo Hospital. The sample for this research is informants or sources who are competent in providing information related to the topic of this study, namely the hospital director, head of HRD, director of medical services, and head of the IT TEAM. Data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The data analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that the duration factor and awareness of the appropriate duration have helped Rahman Rahim Hospital reduce potential resistance and discomfort during the transition, paving the way for smooth adoption. Second, the integrity factor, system integration with established clinical processes, and maintaining data accuracy are the keys for Rahman Rahim Hospital to reduce conflict and increase staff and medical practitioners' acceptance of change. Third, the commitment factor, concrete efforts, such as effective communication, active participation, and ongoing support, are used by Rahman Rahim Hospital to build strong commitment at all levels of the organization. Fourth, the effort factor and investment in human and financial resources, together with managing obstacles and challenges through strategies such as employee training, expert consultants, and improving technological infrastructure, are the keys to Rahman Rahim Hospital in optimizing efforts to face digital transformation.
Interpretative Flexibility of Digital Immigrant Towards Ajaib Stock Trading Application
Authors: Afifah Sayyidah , Yuliawati Elly
Published: May 2024

The Digital Immigrant as users of financial technology, particularly Ajaib Stock Application represent a group that has witnessed the inception and evolution of digital technology, typically lacking proficiency in operating modern technological tools. This study aims to uncover the interpretative flexibility of Digital Immigrants in their experience of using the Ajaib application. The research is grounded in the Social Construction of Technology theory, Phenomenological theory, and Social Category theory. The paradigm of this research adopting a constructivist, the research approach using a qualitative approach, utilizing phenomenological research methods. Data collection techniques used in this study by semi-structured interviews and literature studies. The study reveals that Digital Immigrants demonstrate interpretative flexibility in navigating the Ajaib application amidst the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. The diversity of interpretative flexibility is based on the various initial motives for using the application, categorized into motives 'because of' and 'in order to'. These motives influence interpretative flexibility concerning language, usage, and structure. Additionally, the interpretative flexibility of digital immigrants is intertwined with a wider context, reflecting various challenges encountered while engaging with the Ajaib application.
The influence of work culture, leadership style, and remuneration on employee performance within the regional secretariat of East Java Province
Authors: Purwaningsih Heni , Rahayu Sri , Sundjoto Sundjoto
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of work culture, leadership style, and remuneration on employee performance within the Regional Secretariat of East Java Province. This research adopts a quantitative approach, which focuses on the measurement and analysis of numerical data. This approach tends to utilize structured data collection instruments, such as questionnaires or surveys, to gather data from respondents. The research findings indicate that a positive work culture, effective leadership style, and fair remuneration system have a significant positive impact on employee performance. These findings provide insights for organizations to enhance working conditions and employee satisfaction, ultimately strengthening overall organizational performance. Managerial implications include the need for a supportive work culture, the implementation of motivating leadership styles, and a transparent remuneration system. This study contributes to understanding the factors influencing employee performance in the context of the public sector, particularly within the Regional Secretariat of East Java Province.
Examination of Quality Implementation Management for Institutions with Accreditation: An Analysis Study
Authors: Jaya Melinda Puspita Sari , Sinaga Santa Idayana , Padilah Padilah , Andriani Dessi , Natasya Destri
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to gather comprehensive data about the quality management analysis of certified institutions in the Kemuning sub-district. The data for this study were gathered by survey methods, which is a qualitative descriptive method. Descriptive analysis is a tool used in data analysis to explain media projects or products and evaluate the outcomes of product feasibility studies. The Bord & Gall model is utilized in the data analysis process, which consists of the following steps: Potential issues should be identified first, then information should be gathered, the product should be designed, validated, revised, and tested. Fifteen The Kemuning sub-district's Early Childhood Teacher Education program has a flexible accreditation cluster that can regulate the caliber of its institutions, ranging from A to accredited status. The work programs that promote ongoing improvement serve as evidence of this.
Pleiotrophin serum level and metastasis occurrence in breast cancer patients
Authors: Ikhlas Muhamad , Ferianto Djonny , Syamsu Salman Ardi , Ganda Idham Jaya , Smaradania Nilam , Sampepajung Elridho , Anggita Citra Azma , Faruk Muhammad
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) cases in Makassar, Indonesia, are on the rise, with 2723 cases recorded in 2018. Tumor cells in the blood indicate metastasis, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and monitoring. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is associated with various human malignancies, and recent studies suggest a correlation between PTN expression and advanced BC stages; therefore, PTN could serve as an independent predictor of metastasis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum PTN level, histopathological grading, and metastasis occurrence in BC patients in Makassar, Indonesia. METHODS: This study used an observational cross-sectional design. Pleiotrophin serum levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This study used a t-test and ROC curve analysis for the statistical tests. RESULTS: Of the 64 samples used in this study, metastasis was present in 26 cases and absent in 38 samples. The mean PTN serum levels in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients were 4.311 and 1.253, respectively. The PTN receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 2.47 ng/dL, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between PTN level and metastasis (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient was 0.791, indicating a positive correlation. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the serum PTN level among breast cancer patients had a cut-off value of 2.47 ng/dL. The research established a clear correlation between PTN level and metastasis occurrence in breast cancer patients, indicating a higher likelihood of distant metastasis with elevated PTN concentration.
Assessing the Swallowing Function in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: An Easily Accessible and Objective Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Colot Charlotte , Benmechri Sarah , Everaert Elke , Muys Sarah , Van Himme Linde , Tahon Valentine , Salmon Maurine , Van Dyck Dorine , De Vos Elke , Deconinck Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Background:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a genetic neuromuscular disease caused by lack of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, is characterized by muscular atrophy and respiratory and bulbar dysfunction. While swallowing disorders are common, they remain poorly studied.

Objectives:

Our study aimed to explore 1) intraoral pressure measurements with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument system and the reliability of a Swallowing Function Assessment Questionnaire (SFAQ) in healthy controls, and 2) evaluate their use as swallowing function biomarkers and the evolution of swallowing function over time in children with SMA.

Methods:

We recruited 53 healthy children and 27 SMA patients all treated with SMN gene modulator therapy. Participants completed the SFAQ and underwent at least one measurement of maximal oral pressures (lingual, labial, and masseter).

Results:

Mean oral normalized pressure index were lower (all sites p < 0.001) and mean SFAQ scores were higher ( p < 0.001) in patients compared with healthy controls. Pressure evolution over 1 year in SMA patients for all three oral sites did not show significant differences. SFAQ scores correlated negatively with oral pressures at all three sites in patients.

Conclusions:

Both tools provided new insights on the oral and pharyngeal phase of swallowing in SMA patients. In SMA patients, muscle strength in certain crucial anatomical regions during swallowing is weaker than in healthy children.
HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume I
Authors: Santoro V. , Abou El Kheir O. , Acharya D. , Akhyani M. , Andersen K.H. , Barrow J. , Bentley P. , Bernasconi M. , Bertelsen M. , Beßler Y. , Bianchi A. , Brooijmans G. , Broussard L. , Brys T. , Busi M. , Campi D. , Chambon A. , Chen J. , Czamler V. , Deen P. , DiJulio D.D. , Dian E. , Draskovits L. , Dunne K. , El Barbari M. , Ferreira M.J. , Fierlinger P. , Fröst V.T. , Folsom B.T. , Friman-Gayer U. , Gaye A. , Gorini G. , Gustafsson A. , Gutberlet T. , Happe C. , Han X. , Hartl M. , Holl M. , Jackson A. , Kemp E. , Kamyshkov Y. , Kittelmann T. , Klinkby E.B. , Kolevatov R. , Laporte S.I. , Lauritzen B. , Lejon W. , Linander R. , Lindroos M. , Marko M. , Márquez Damián J.I. , McClanahan T.C. , Meirose B. , Mezei F. , Michel K. , Milstead D. , Muhrer G. , Nepomuceno A. , Neshvizhevsky V. , Nilsson T. , Odén U. , Plivelic T. , Ramic K. , Rataj B. , Remec I. , Rizzi N. , Rogers J. , Rosenthal E. , Rosta L. , Rücker U. , Samothrakitis S. , Schreyer A. , Selknaes J.R. , Shuai H. , Silverstein S. , Snow W.M. , Strobl M. , Strothmann M. , Takibayev A. , Wagner R. , Willendrup P. , Xu S. , Yiu S.C. , Yngwe L. , Young A.R. , Wolke M. , Zakalek P. , Zavorka L. , Zanini L. , Zimmer O.
Published: May 2024

The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2–20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10–120 Å), and ultracold (UCN, >500 Å) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable.
The safety of modified, all-oral shorter tuberculosis regimens in Armenia
Authors: Atshemyan Hakob , Khachatryan Naira , Khachatryan Anush , Mirzoyan Narine
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

The implementation of modified, all-oral shorter regimens for treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis has started in Armenia since August 2020 under the conditions of operational research.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of shorter regimens.

METHODS:

We evaluated cumulative incidence rates of serious adverse events, adverse events of grade 3 and greater and events resulting in treatment modifications or suspension for 52 study participants.

RESULTS:

A new, different pattern of adverse events emerged compared with the previous evaluations of drug safety of treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Arthralgia (23.1%) and peripheral neuropathy (21.2%) took leading positions among the adverse events resulting in modifications of treatment. Some adverse events of interest (prolonged QT interval, elevated liver enzymes and anemia) remained relevant for the patients receiving new combinations of anti-TB drugs. The other adverse events (impaired hearing, acute kidney injury and hypokalemia) lost their significance for safety surveillance of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment. One unexpected serious adverse event (lymphoproliferative skin lesion) brought to a “failed treatment” outcome. The other serious adverse event was anemia.

CONCLUSION:

The shorter regimens proved to be safe and effective for treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, but proper follow-up of adverse events is necessary.
Landscape architecture as means of forming national identity in public spaces in buffer zones of Ukrainian cultural heritage objects
Authors: Matsokha Alina
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of the author's study of the formation of national identity in public spaces by means of landscape architecture. It has been presented that public spaces are separated on democratic and totalitarian by the socio-political factor. The most expressive about the manifestation or change of national identity is the urban environment of important public spaces, that are centers of popular assemblies, demonstrations and other collective events.
Based on the theoretical analysis of the development of the Ukrainians, the main aspects of the manifestation of national identity in the public spaces are democracy and sacredness. It means giving democratic features to public spaces and creation memorable places. The key symbol of Ukrainian identification – is vegetation as an image of the infinity of life, the strength of the spirit and love for the Motherland.
Additionally, in the article, is analyzed intercultural and instinctive perception of landscape scenes. These features correspond to the deep foundations of human perception of the environment: natural forms; zoning; semi-closed space; the presence of greenery and water. The internal filling of space should be carried out taking into account comfort and safety, but with a bias towards national motives. In particular, we have identified such features of the Ukrainian landscape style as: zoning and monoculture; the presence of a stalls and front gardens; abundant autochthonous gardening; and sacred elements of improvement.
The newly created concept of an identical space device should be fixed in a special document - the design code of the buffer zone. The design code should contain detailed characteristics regarding the improvement of the buffer zone.
The formation of national identity in the public spaces of buffer zones of cultural heritage monuments will contribute to the implementation of safety and security functions without violating the traditional nature of the historical environment.
The method of reconstruction of the interior quarterly space in the formation of a modern housing in the conditions of a historical building
Authors: Popovych Dmytro
Published: May 2024

Historic city blocks, which are often characterized by polygonal layouts that form a beautiful inner courtyard, present many challenges for the formation of modern housing in the context of historical buildings, mainly due to space limitations. Incorporating essential amenities as required by state law, such as children's play areas, adult recreation areas, and car and bicycle parking, requires a subtle approach that harmonizes modern needs with heritage preservation. This study formulates a three-stage methodological framework for the reconstruction of intra-neighborhood spaces, especially in Ukrainian urban contexts. In the study, three primary principles of the design of residential areas are defined: closed-type greening, common intra-quarter improvement and extra-quarter improvement. These principles advocate a synergistic use of spaces where modern residential buildings can share amenities with neighboring buildings, contributing to a shared, sustainable living environment. The case of a historical quarter in Kyiv presented in the article serves as a practical manifestation of these principles, illustrating how shared amenities and strategic planning can contribute to the seamless integration of modern housing into the historical context, enhancing both the functionality and aesthetic appeal of the entire quarter. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of transforming inner courtyards into greener recreational areas, while centralizing parking spaces and relegating them to the periphery to create an organized, breathable urban ecosystem. This study argues that the harmonization of contemporary housing with historic architecture goes beyond simple external assimilation; it requires a deep understanding and rethinking of adjacent spaces so that they meet modern requirements. The insights gathered here hold significant potential to guide future research into the evolution of dynamic, inclusive and culturally rich urban environments.
Public art as an artistic way of development of the architectural and urban environment
Authors: Praslova Valentyna
Published: May 2024

The article considers public art as an artistic direction that contributes to the restoration and development of the architectural and urban environment. The analysis of artistic forms of art of the end of the 20th century revealed the trends of multidisciplinarity and going beyond the artistic infrastructure into the public architectural and urban environment. Moreover, public art objects are actively introduced into the environment of super-large cities of Ukraine and only partially into the environment of other cities.  The existence and rapid development of these objects is a sign of a modern super-large city with a developed architectural and urban environment and integration into the world cultural process. Public art is a form of contemporary art that interacts interactively with the viewer, raising questions about contemporary art and the space in which it is placed. Modern forms of public art were analyzed and four principles of public art were identified as a result of the systematization of existing information. These are the principles of interactivity, conceptuality, digitalization, creativity. Their harmonious combination helps to develop a friendly space in accordance with the individual needs of a person and to form an emotional interactive architectural and urban environment with a unique atmosphere and social messages. Such modern artistic mediums as installations, happenings and performances permeate the four formulated principles of public art, mainly focusing not on the result, but on the process of creation and the emotional component of the environment. They are mixed genres of visual art that use objects of public art or the artist's body to interact and change people's perception of public space. It should be noted that the development of media technologies has led to the creation of public art objects not only in physical, but also in virtual space, covering, in addition to land art and environment, also digital, conceptual and light art. This allows considering and developing the artificial space and public environment as a multi-level interactive open system with a developed cultural context that interacts with people in space and time.
Interior design concept of Ukrainian brands clothing store
Authors: Ivanovskyi Oleksandr , Khavkhun Halyna
Published: May 2024

The issue of retail establishments design and planning is considered based on the example of clothing store interior conceptual development. The relevance of finding new forms of expression of Ukrainian identity in design is justified, in particular, clothing stores of Ukrainian brands, which today are not only trade establishments, but also the popularizes of Ukrainian culture. Based on the results of the analysis of literary sources and design experience, trends regarding the formation of the interior space and content of modern clothing stores were revealed, including: versatility; combination of various functions; a new interpretation of mannequins; change of exposure according to the principle of the gallery. A separate direction of form creation is the combination of national iconic elements of culture and modern requirements for arranging space. The purpose of the research is to develop a concept of a modern, multifunctional retail space, a color and style model that combines modern European trends and a new look at Ukrainian culture and its origins. The main theses of the concept are modeled on the example of the design development of the interior of a clothing store of Ukrainian brands. It is proposed to organize the store space as an exhibition platform for local artists with a new interpretation of elements of Ukrainian culture. Means of expression of the defined task are: space zoning, color model, use of ornament, design of decorative and compositional element. The purpose of the conceptual composition of stylized mannequins is to allegorically and abstractly depict the national idea and peculiarities of the history of the Ukrainian nation with the help of images, shapes, poses, and colors. The color model is based on the connection between Ukrainian culture and the culture of Northern Europe, and the placement of the figures refers to the ancient Slavic understanding of the sides of the world and their symbolism. Stylized ornaments with unconventional presentation are offered as decor on architectural and structural elements. It was concluded that the interior of a Ukrainian clothing store should be formed as an exhibition and presentation platform for Ukrainian designers, combining a recognizable identity with modernity; to represent Ukraine in a new way for Ukrainians and foreigners. The means of expressing the formulated demands should influence the historical national consciousness through indirect associations and symbols, which are based on historical and cultural artifacts.
Reasons and consequences of historical buildings and structures fragments' reuse
Authors: Olkhovets Oleksandr
Published: May 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of the use of secondary raw materials in architectural and urban planning activities. The conducted research showed that the use of secondary raw materials is an established practice in architectural and urban planning activities. Surviving but no longer needed buildings and structures, their ruins, individual fragments of former architectural and urban planning objects, and construction materials extracted from them are subject to reuse. Pragmatic saving of time and materials is not the only reason for the integration of used elements in new buildings. Among the other conditionally positive driving motives of this practice: attempts to strengthen the political ambitions of modern powerful people, to draw symbolic parallels between different religions, to realize their own creative ambitions, to preserve the fragments of destroyed culture, and to perpetuate the collective memory of the inhabitants of certain territories. Unfortunately, the history of architecture preserves evidence that the re-use of architectural fragments can also be motivated by opposite, conditionally negative goals, such as contempt for the conquered state; contempt for another religion; superiority to the destroyed culture; fear of deposed but creepy mythical creatures; hatred of the persecuted people. The outlined motives determine the nature of behaviour with secondary raw materials and the result of its use. Respect and willingness to study lost objects of cultural heritage leads to the emergence of new interesting and meaningful architectural and urban planning solutions. Indifference, self-assertion, and aggression increase chaos and insensitivity to beauty and cause inappropriate project decisions, for which descendants are later ashamed. Because of the application of recycling practices in architectural and urban planning activities, historical buildings and structures do not lose their identity, acquiring a new symbolic meaning; turn into archaeological artefacts with an unknown past, or as depersonalized raw materials dissolve into newly created objects.