bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deposition of CVD diamond onto Zirconium
Authors: Brannan F. , May P.W. , Halliwell S.C. , Payne L.
Published: February 2015

The growth of thin films of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond onto flat samples of pure Zr has been studied using various CVD growth conditions in a hot filament reactor. We find that although growth is straightforward, adhesion of the diamond layer onto the Zr is poor, with the diamond layer often delaminating upon cooling. SIMS depth profiles show this to be due to the presence of a strongly-bonded native oxide on the Zr surface which is not removed in the reducing H2 atmosphere during CVD. This, plus the lack of any substantial carbide interfacial layer to ‘glue’ the diamond onto the surface, together with a poor thermal expansion mismatch between Zr and diamond, and the Zr hcp-to-bcc phase transition at ∼860°C, all lead to poor adhesion. Some of these difficulties can be reduced by depositing at lower temperature (<500°C) at the cost of poorer quality diamond.
Migration Barriers and Evolution of Mechanical Properties of Oxide Nanoclusters Containing Helium
Authors: Danielson Thomas , Hin Celine
Published: February 2015

High number densities of complex oxide nanoclusters in nanostructured ferritic alloys have been shown to act as effective trapping sites for the transmutation product helium. Density functional theory has been used to investigate the evolution of the mechanical properties of oxide nanoclusters as helium concentration increases. The migration barrier and migration path of helium in the oxide has also been tested in order to make a comparison with the barriers in BCC iron and offer insight to the helium trapping mechanisms of the oxides.
Interface Stability Analysis of a Gel Material Surrounded by Air
Authors: Garavito Garzon Carlos A. , Calderer M. Carme. , Kumar Satish
Published: February 2015

We study the stability of small amplitude harmonic perturbation at the interface of a gel material surrounded by air. The equations describing the system's dynamics are solved using classical perturbation methods. Assuming that the amplitude decays over time, we establish conditions for the system to return to its equilibrium state. The proposed model includes the effect of the boundary conditions and can be extended to more general situation in which the material is surrounded by an arbitrary fluid.
UMRI Alumni: From Characterization of High Temperature Solution Growth Cr 2+:CdSe to Developing Videos to Enhance Metacognition and Diversity in Materials Science and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)
Authors: Adetunji Oludurotimi O.
Published: February 2015

The path from conducting cutting-edge research in materials science to developing cutting-edge approaches for student engagement in STEM fields is a logical progression of a scientist’s professional interests. This pathway has led to creating an experimental approach to curricular and pedagogical materials development, dubbed Science Cartoons (Sci-Toons), based on Multimedia Learning Theoretical Framework (MLTF). Sci-Toons are developed by groups of students (STEM and non-STEM majors), STEM and non-STEM experts, and individuals with expertise in animations. The students are provided with technical training in animation, storytelling and science. This paper describes the creative process and design structure of Sci-Toons, shares selected animation projects, and provides data on the overall viewing impacts of Sci-Toons. The Sci-Toons initiative has offered a new venue for impacting students’ engagement in STEM.
CONTACT STRENGTH OF MECHANOACTIVATED FINE CONCRETES FROM GRANULATED BLAST-FURNACE SLAGS
Authors: Bolshakov V. I. , Yelisieieva M. O. , Shcherbak S. A.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Strengthening of fine concrete contact zone by mechanical processing of all components of the concrete mix in a mixer-activator and aggregate application with rough surface. Methodology. Rotary activator PC-06, developed by Scientific and Research Institute of Construction Technology, was used as a mixer-activator to achieve this purpose. Granulated blast furnace slag, having a more developed rough surface than sand, was used as fine aggregate. This apparatus provides intensive homogeneous mixing of concrete mix components, processing of raw materials (purification of their particles from contaminants), and mechanical destruction of granulated blast furnace slag surface layers and other components of the mix. Findings. During the preparation work, experimental research of new formations composition of fine concretes, using differential thermal and x-ray phase analysis methods, and physical-mechanical properties of fine concretes in accordance with the applicable standards of Ukraine, were carried out. It is established that the phase composition of new formations of fine concretes made from activated and non-activated mixes, is not changed. Their main difference is the size of generated effects and temperature intervals of occurrence of these peaks. Thus, in fine concretes made on the basis of the activated mixes, magnitude of effects is less, indicating a higher hydration degree of its components. Besides, TG curves of concrete specimens show that weight loss of gel calcium hydrosilicate of concrete from a mechanically activated mix is 0.5...0.7 % more than of concrete from a non-activated mix, which indicates a larger number of these formations in concrete from activated mixes. In general, concretes of different composition, made from a mix, processed in the mixer-activator, have higher mechanical strength. Originality. Ideas about the influence of mechanical activation of components of fine concrete mixes with forming humidity in a rotary mixer-activator on the value of the contact strength of cement and aggregates got further development. Practical value. Strengthening of contact area of fine concrete in the exercise of the combined machining of all concrete mix components in the mixer-activator is achieved owing to increment of hydration degree of raw concrete components; creation of conditions for solid-phase chemical reactions between its components; structure improvement of the received material. It promotes significant increase of mechanical strength of mechanoactivated fine concretes (around 5 times) in comparison with concretes, made from a non-activated mix, which makes it possible to decrease the cement consumption when manufacturing 1 m3 of concrete up to 59 %.
RESEARCH OF REGULARITIES OF PASSENGER FLOWS IN THE RAIL SUBURBAN TRAFFIC
Authors: Hrushevska T. M.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Determining regularities of changes of trains occupancy and the approach commuters on landing for determining the technical and technological parameters of suburban passenger services. Methodology. To achieve this goal were identified research methods of train occupancy, basic approach periods of passengers to platform affecting the occupancy of carriages in different periods of the day. Findings. On the basis of conducted researches can be carried out comlex, systematically related calculations of important technical and technological parameters of suburban passenger transportations. To such parameters can be attributed parameters of trains timetable, occupancy of carriages, the number of ticket offices, passenger platforms size, number and location on them turnstiles, providing the comfortable and safe boarding of passengers on commuter trains. It is proposed to use the relative indicators of trains occupancy and generalized theoretical dependencies of approach intensity of passengers on landing in trains. There are graphs where there is unevenness of transportation demand, which is estimated by actual train occupancy that is established by direct natural supervision in train carriages. Results of the study hourly of passenger flow distribution have allowed to establish that irregularity by period of day has a pronounced character of manifestation, especially in the morning and evening during the "peak" periods. Dimensions of transportations in these hours do not meet comfortable conditions of passenger travel in suburban trains. Originality. It was suggested the new approach to determine regularities of changes of the suburban trains occupancy to approach commuters to platform. It is presented the comparisons of actual distribution curves and approximated theoretical curves of approach intensities of passengers and filling of trains, and the formula by which the described patterns are identified. These formulas can be used to construct appropriate mathematical models describing the process to approach of passengers on landing in trains. Practical value. Using of obtained regularities will allow in future predict the number of passengers in specific trains, thus optimizing the schedule of commuter trains the interval between trains, as well as the required number of rolling stock.
ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION PROSPECTS OF EFFECTIVE RESOURCES-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN CONCRETE MANUFACTURE
Authors: Ivanova H. P. , Trufanova O. I.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Prospectivity assessments of the nanomaterials usage in construction technologies at the same time meeting the requirements of environmental safety and rational use of the natural resources. Methodology. During the study the building composites, in particular concretes, which are obtained on the base of the raw materials, which are introduced in the array of micro- and nanolevels were researched and analyzed. The deformation and deterioration processes of nanostructured concrete depending on their composition and manufacture parameters were simulated. Findings. Concrete manufacture is in the direct dependence on its components. Due to the extraction and processing of these components land degradation occurs because of soil destruction with oversize pits, which threatens the ecology of the environment. In this connection there is a need for another concept of building materials receiving for concrete manufacture. The new branch of science based on nanotechnologies, nanomaterials and nanostructuring is a key to its foundation. The special features of nanostructured concretes are the nanoagents in their composition (carbon nano-tubes, mechanoactivated slags of blast furnace production). The study of deformation patterns and concrete deterioration based on the mechanoactivated material will purposefully affect the structure, physical and chemical properties, as well as the mechanical and deformational ones. Originality. The researches have shown that nanostructured concrete had high fluidity. The strength of such compositions is enhanced up to 13 % without reduction of concrete consumption and up to 8.8% at 10% reduced concrete consumption. Practical value. The application of the structured concretes based on the mechanoactivated material will increase the efficiency of the industrial wastes recycling and improve the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the produced composites. From the standpoint of the economic benefits, the application of the nano-structured concrete is profitable, as it develops high strength along with the decrease in the weight and volume of the constructions. The use of new technologies will improve the environmental performance of building materials and reduce the harmful effects on the environment during their production.
OPERATING ELEMENTS DAMAGE OF TOOLS CONNECTED WITH THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF HARDENED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Milianych A. R.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Most of the freight traffic in Ukraine is made by railway transport. Government statistics of annual railway freight traffic (January-November) records the following data: 2011 - 468 million tons (108.2% to 2010); 2012 – 421.5 million tons (98.5% to 2011); 2013 – 441.8 million tons (96.6% by 2012). Despite the annual decrease of freight traffic volumes, a significant contribution during the freight traffic belongs to transportation in tanks. That is why the term of their service life extension is very topical today at the operation of tanks. Modern ideas about the accumulation of fatigue damages in the details of railway vehicles are based on models that assess the service life of metallic systems, depending on the load conditions. These models with sufficient accuracy let carry out an assessment of softening of metallic systems in high-cycle fatigue conditions and at the presence of elastic deformation. At the same time, peculiarities of counterbodies′ behavior these models do not take into account. The purpose of this paper is to construct a mathematical model to evaluate the durability of the operating tools, which are used in the purification of solidified organic cargo of tank cars. Methodology. With the use of modern approaches of deformed solid body mechanics the parameters impact of organic substances structure on the service life of heavy structural elements was analyzed. We present the interaction of damages ratio in this article. It relates mainly to those elements of the tool structure, which due to the influence of broadband Gaussian random loadings oscillate with their resonant or near-resonant frequencies. Findings. The influence of the fatigue loads features on the structure durability was studied. Thus, the obtained results suggest the increase of damages that are entered with low-amplitude cycles of strain, because of the nonlinear effect of the interaction between instrument operational elements with organic material. For the given example durability with fatigue which, according to an updated assessment, had been reduced by 10...15% was calculated. A decrease of 10% corresponds to the maximum amplitude of the voltage , and a decrease of 15% - the maximum amplitude . Originality. It is analytically shown that parameters of the metallic systems softening are connected with the kinetics of fatigue damages that accumulate in the metal structures under external loads. Practical value. Authors have proposed correlation that allows estimating the residual life of the part in conditions of a given sequence of multilevel cyclic loading.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS AND METHODS OF PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION OF ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM DEVICES. METHOD OF WEIGHT FUNCTION
Authors: Mishchenko T. N.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Development and substantiation of a new method of structural identification of electrical devices of electric traction systems for both DC and AC current. Methodology. To solve this problem the following methods are used: the methods and techniques of the linear electrical engineering, in particular, the Laplace operator method; the numerical method for solving the integral equation, which is based on the representation of the Wiener-Hopf linear equations system (this allows forming the solutions of the problem in a mathematical form of the correlation and weight functions); the factorization method, which provides certain partition of the correlation functions of the stochastic processes. Findings. It was developed the method of weight function of the electrical devices identification, which can be fully used in the systems of electric traction. As the use example of the developed method it was considered a feeder section of DC electric traction with the single power supply. On this section move two electric locomotives of the type DE 1, they have been identified by the weighting functions. The required currents and voltages of electric locomotives are also formulated in the electric traction network in probabilistic and statistical form, that is, the functions of mathematical expectation and the correlation functions are determined. At this, it is taken into account that the correlation function of the sum of random functions is equal to the sum of the correlation functions of additives, and the correlation function of the integral of a random function is defined as the double integral of the correlation function of the output of a random function. Originality. Firstly, originality consists of the adaption of the developed method of structural identification for the devices of electric traction system. Secondly, it lies in the proper development of the new method of weight function. And finally, it lies in the solution of the Wiener-Hopf equation using the correlation method of factorization. Practical value. The developed method and the technique that is based on it, allow predicting electric traction loadings of the traction network, as well as the other devices of the traction energy systems and the electric motive power in the different modes of operation and, in particular, during the high-speed train traffic. The method takes into account the load influence (and its mode of operation) of the adjacent feeder zones on the electromagnetic processes in the studied intersubstation area. Thus, it is important that the required voltages and currents are considered as the random functions.
STUDY OF TRANSMISSION LINES EFFECT ON THE SYSTEM OPERATIONON OF CONTINUOUS AUTOMATIC CAB SIGNALLING
Authors: Hololobova O. O. , Havryliuk V. I. , Kovryhin M. O. , Buriak S. Yu.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. To conduct an effect research of the electromagnetic field of high-voltage transmission lines (HVTL) (750 kV, 50 Hz) on the track circuits and continuous automatic cab signalling (CACS) with a signal current of 50 Hz in the areas of convergence and intersection with the transmission lines and to propose possible methods to improve noise immunity of CACS. Methodology. The measurements were performed both by means of car-laboratory and directly on rail lines. During the study the electric field strength in the range of industrial frequency directly under the transmission lines and at the distance from it to the railway lines was measured, as well as the time dependence of CACS codes with signal current frequency of 50 Hz directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it in the absence of the train and its passing. Findings. The root causes analysis of CACS faults and failures was carried out. The effect of the electromagnetic field of highvoltage transmission lines (750 kV, 50 Hz) on the track circuit and CACS with signal current of 50 Hz in the areas of convergence and intersection with the transmission line was investigated. Possible methods to improve noise immunity of CACS were considered. Originality. The effect research of transmission lines (750 kV) on the operation of the automatic cab signalling on spans Prishib-Burchatsk and Privolnoye-Yelizarovo, Pridneprovsk railway in places of oblique railroads crossing and transmission lines (750 kV, 50 Hz) was conducted. Electric field strength in the range of industrial frequency directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it to the railway line, as well as the time dependences of ALSN codes with signal current frequency of 50 Hz directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it in the absence of the train and as its passing were measured. It was found that CACS codes in track circuits under transmission lines are strongly distorted, as strength measurements of electric field are shown, it can be explained by the electromagnetic field effect of transmission lines on track circuits. Practical value. Possible methods of CACS safety enhancement by improving the reliability of signaling from a track on the locomotive were considered.
Andreas Vesalius as a renaissance innovative neuroanatomist: his 5th centenary of birth
Authors: Gomes Marleide da Mota , Moscovici Mauricio , Engelhardt Eliasz
Published: February 2015

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) is considered the Father of Modern Anatomy, and an authentic representative of the Renaissance. His studies, founded on dissection of human bodies, differed from Galeno, who based his work on dissection of animals, constituted a notable scientific advance. Putting together science and art, Vesalius associated himself to artists of the Renaissance, and valued the images of the human body in his superb work De Humani Corporis Fabrica.This paper aims to honor this extraordinary European Renaissance physician and anatomist, who used aesthetic appeal to bind text and illustration, science and art. His achievements are highlighted, with an especial attention on neuroanatomy. Aspects about his personal life and career are also focused.
Waiting time to radiotherapy as a prognostic factor for glioblastoma patients in a scenario of medical disparities
Authors: Loureiro Luiz Victor Maia , Pontes Lucíola de Barros , Callegaro-Filho Donato , Koch Ludmila de Oliveira , Weltman Eduardo , Victor Elivane da Silva , Santos Adrialdo José , Borges Lia Raquel Rodrigues , Segreto Roberto Araújo , Malheiros Suzana Maria Fleury
Published: February 2015

Objective To evaluate the effect of waiting time (WT) to radiotherapy (RT) on overall survival (OS) of glioblastoma (GBM) patients as a reliable prognostic variable in Brazil, a scenario of medical disparities. Method Retrospective study of 115 GBM patients from two different health-care institutions (one public and one private) in Brazil who underwent post-operative RT. Results Median WT to RT was 6 weeks (range, 1.3-17.6). The median OS for WT ≤ 6 weeks was 13.5 months (95%CI , 9.1-17.9) and for WT > 6 weeks was 14.2 months (95%CI, 11.2-17.2) (HR 1.165, 95%CI 0.770-1.762; p = 0.470). In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with survival were KPS (p < 0.001), extent of resection (p = 0.009) and the adjuvant treatment (p = 0.001). The KPS interacted with WT to RT (HR 0.128, 95%CI 0.034-0.476; p = 0.002), showing that the benefit of KPS on OS depends on the WT to RT. Conclusion No prognostic impact of WT to RT could be detected on the OS. Although there are no data to ensure that delays to RT are tolerable, we may reassure patients that the time-length to initiate treatment does not seem to influence the control of the disease, particularly in face of other prognostic factors.
Neurology at Escola Paulista de Medicina (1933-1995). From Fausto Guerner to José Geraldo Camargo Lima
Authors: Ferraz Henrique Ballalai , Neves Afonso Carlos
Published: February 2015

Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) was founded in 1933 and the first Professor of Neurology was Fausto Guerner, who could not effectively assume the teaching activities due to his premature death in 1938. Professor Guerner had had his neurological training at Paris. Professor Longo was his successor. Longo was one of the founders of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria the foremost journal of neurosciences in Latin American. Longo died in 1967 and Professor Paulo Pupo succeeded him. Pupo introduced electroencephalography in Brazil. After his death in 1970, Professor Dante Giorgi succeeded him until 1974. Professor José Geraldo Camargo Lima took over the position after Giorgi’s death. He created the Neurological Emergency unit, initiated the Post-Graduation in Neurology and divided the Discipline in specialized units. During the 1980’s and until his retirement in 1995, EPM had become one of most important centers of Brazil training neurologists and researchers in neurological sciences.
Neurological examination: pioneering authors and their books
Authors: Maranhão-Filho Péricles , Vincent Maurice Borges , Silva Marcos Martins da
Published: February 2015

The objective of this article is to highlight some of the most important pioneering books specifically focused on the neurological examination and their authors. During the XIX Century, Alexander Hammond, William Gowers and Charles Mills pioneered the neurological literature, followed in the XX Century by Aloysio de Castro, Monrad-Krohn, Derek Denny-Brown, Robert Wartenberg, Gordon Holmes, and Russel DeJong. With determination and a marked sense of observation and research, they competently developed and spread the technique and art of the neurological exam.
Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of attention and ADHD comorbidity in a sample of children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Costa Celia Regina Carvalho Machado da , Oliveira Guilherme de Macêdo , Gomes Marleide da Mota , Maia Filho Heber de Souza
Published: February 2015

Children with epilepsy present significant problems concerning attention and comorbidity with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective To determine the prevalence of attention complaints, ADHD diagnosis and attention profile in a sample of children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy. Method 36 children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy and 37 genre and age matched healthy controls underwent several procedures to diagnose their neuropsychological profile and comorbidity with ADHD. Results The prevalence of ADHD was higher in patients with epilepsy [χ2= 4.1, p = 0.043, 6 (16.7%) vs 1 (2.7%)], with worse results in attention related WISC items and factors in patients with epilepsy comparing to the controls, but not between patients with and without ADHD. Clinical characteristics did not influence those results. Conclusion This study found a greater prevalence of problems wih attention in pediatric patients with idiopathic epilepsy, but not a distinct profile between those with or without ADHD.
Effects of iodinated contrast media in a novel model for cerebral vasospasm
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana , Zavaritskaya Olga , Semenyutin Vladimir , Persson Pontus B. , Patzak Andreas , Sendeski Mauricio
Published: February 2015

Objective We developed an in vitro model for vasospasm post subarachnoid hemorrhage that was suitable for investigating brain vessel autoregulation. We further investigated the effects of iodinated contrast medium on the vascular tone and the myogenic response of spastic cerebral vessels. Method We isolated and perfused the superior cerebellar arteries of rats. The vessels were pressurized and studied under isobaric conditions. Coagulated blood was used to simulate subarachnoid hemorrhage. The contrast medium iodixanol was applied intraluminally. Results Vessels exposed to blood developed significantly stronger myogenic tone (65.7 ± 2.0% vs 77.1 ± 1.2% of the maximum diameter, for the blood and the control group, respectively) and significantly decreased myogenic response, compared with the control groups. The contrast medium did not worsen the myogenic tone or the myogenic response in any group. Conclusion Our results show that deranged myogenic response may contribute to cerebral blood flow disturbances subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The contrast medium did not have any negative influence on vessel tone or myogenic response in this experimental setting.
Topographic anatomical study of the sciatic nerve relationship to the posterior portal in hip arthroscopy
Authors: Gomes Berliet Assad , Ramos Max Rogério Freitas , Fiorelli Rossano Kepler Alvim , Almeida Camila Rodrigues de , Fiorelli Stênio Karlos Alvim
Published: February 2015

Objective: To evaluate the anatomic topographic relation between the sciatic nerve in relation to the piriform muscle and the posterior portal for the establishment of hip arthroscopy.Methods: We dissected 40 hips of 20 corpses of adult Brazilians, 17 male and three female, six black, six brown and eight white. We studied the anatomical relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriform muscle with their variations and the distance between the lateral edge of the sciatic nerve and the posterior portal used in hip arthroscopy. We then classified the anatomical alterations found in the path of the sciatic nerve on the piriform muscle.Results: Seventeen corpses had bilateral relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriform muscle, i.e., type A. We found the following anatomical variations: 12.5% of variant type B; and an average distance between the sciatic nerve and the portal for arthroscopy of 2.98cm. One body had type B anatomical variation on the left hip and type A on the right.Conclusion: the making of the posterior arthroscopic portal to the hip joint must be done with careful marking of the trochanter massive; should there be difficult to find it, a small surgical access is recommended. The access point to the portal should not exceed two centimeters towards the posterior superior aspect of the greater trochanter, and must be made with the limb in internal rotation of 15 degrees.
EFEITO DO Lactobacillus plantarum NO TRATO INTESTINAL DE ALEVINOS DE Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Jatobá Adolfo , Mouriño José Luís Pedreira
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações na microbiota do trato intestinal e desempenho zootécnico de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentados com dietas suplementadas com Lactobacillus plantarum. Cento e vinte alevinos revertidos sexualmente foram distribuídos em seis caixas, divididos em dois tratamentos, em triplicata: alevinos alimentados com dieta suplementa com L. plantarum e alevinos alimentados com dieta controle. Após 42 dias, as tilápias alimentadas com a dieta suplementada com L. plantarum apresentaram maior número de bactérias ácido-lácticas, 3,5x104 UFC e 1,1x102 UFC por g de trato, e menor de bactérias totais, 5,8x106 UFC e 5,2x107 UFC por g de trato intestinal, em relação aos alimentados com dieta controle, além de incrementar em 3,9% o ganho em peso semanal, 15,6% a biomassa final e 15,5% eficiência alimentar. O uso de probiótico na alevinagem de tilápia eleva a produtividade.
RECEITA INDUSTRIAL DE CORTES SECUNDÁRIOS DA CARCAÇA DE BOVINOS MESTIÇOS LEITEIROS, NÃO CASTRADOS OU SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES FORMAS DE CASTRAÇÃO
Authors: Vaz Fabiano Nunes , Restle João , Pádua João Teodoro , Morales Danielle Curado de Santana , Pacheco Paulo Santana , Prado Cristiano Sales
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise dos rendimentos e das receitas com a venda de cortes desossados da carcaça de 84 bovinos mestiços Holandês x Zebu, não castrados ou submetidos a diferentes métodos de castração aos doze meses. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos, com 21 repetições por tratamento: machos castrados com burdizzo, castrados por meio da remoção do ápice do escroto, castrados com incisões laterais no escroto e animais não castrados. Na análise dos cortes primários da carcaça, foi observado maior rendimento do corte dianteiro dos não castrados e menor rendimento de ponta de agulha destes em relação aos castrados. Observou-se que os animais não castrados apresentaram maiores pesos e rendimentos dos cortes desossados lagarto e acém do que os castrados. A análise das receitas industriais com a venda dos cortes primários mostrou que a receita dos animais castrados por remoção do tampão foi 13,3% inferior aos não castrados. No entanto, na análise das receitas oriundas da venda dos cortes desossados, observou-se que a menor receita foi dos castrados por incisão lateral em relação aos machos não castrados (-9,9%).
Educação, cinema e infância: um olhar sobre práticas de cinema em hospital universitário
Authors: Omelczuk Fernanda , Fresquet Adriana , Santi Angela Medeiros
Published: February 2015

O artigo apresenta o projeto “Cinema no Hospital?” que investiga o potencial pedagógico de ver e fazer cinema em enfermarias pediátricas em hospitais universitários. O cinema permite um exercício de alteridade – é um estrangeiro que entra no hospital desestabilizando rotinas e estruturas. O filme é pensado não no sentido de um instrumento ou suporte pedagógico para transmitir um saber, mas como a marca de um gesto de criação – uma arte. Espera-se encontrar, com o cinema no hospital, outras naturezas de aprendizagem, conexões e sentidos, que possam contribuir para o fazer da educação com jeitos renovados de pensar a relação com a aprendizagem, a arte e a saúde. As primeiras experiências mostram que a maioria dos pacientes desconhece a experiência do “ritual” da sala escura e que os mesmos se apresentam abertos e entusiasmados a outras possibilidades fílmicas e estéticas.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DOS DIAGNÓSTICOS LABORATORIAIS DA RAIVA ANIMAL
Authors: Teixeira Laura Helena Marcon , Tomaz Leonardo Aparecido Guimarães , Linhares Guido Fontgallad Coelho , Santos Marli Francisca Cândida , Jayme Valéria de Sá
Published: February 2015

A raiva é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa que afeta mamíferos, inclusive o homem. Estima-se que a raiva dos herbívoros seja responsável por enormes prejuízos econômicos na América Latina. O morcego hematófago Desmodus rotundus é o principal transmissor do vírus rábico (VR). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução do diagnóstico laboratorial para raiva animal em cinco espécies animais, na série cronológica 1990-2010, na microrregião Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brasil. Para avaliação da distribuição dos casos diagnosticados foram utilizados resultados de diagnóstico laboratorial, realizados pelo Laboratório de Diagnóstico da Agência Goiana de Defesa Agropecuária. A partir destes, foi construído um banco de dados com as variáveis: município de origem do animal, resultado, mês e ano. Das 116 amostras analisadas, 9% (10) foram positivas para oVR e 91% (106) negativas. Todos os resultados positivos foram provenientes de bovinos. Dentre os municípios da microrregião, Itarumã apresentou maior número de casos positivos e Caçu enviou mais amostras. Houve tendência de aumento no envio de amostras e no número de exames laboratoriais. Também houve tendência ao aumento de diagnósticos positivos. Amostras da espécie bovina foram as mais analisadas, seguida de morcegos hematófagos. Em relação à época do ano, foram observados mais casos positivos no período da seca.
Enfermagem psiquiátrica e fenomenologia: algumas considerações
Authors: Schneider Jacó Fernando
Published: February 2015

O autor reflete sobre a enfermagem psiquiátrica e fenomenologia, tendo como princípio, o atendimento de enfermagem psiquiátrica e a fenomenologia enquanto alternativa metodológica para a compreensão do ser humano, numa tentativa de resgatar o significado deste Ser.
A utilização da lavadora de louça industrial: uma alternativa para a central de material e esterilização
Authors: Yokoyama Yukie , Nakane Shizue , Reganin Elaine , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz
Published: February 2015

Neste estudo as autoras relatam a experiência desenvolvida na Central de Material e Esterilização de um hospital de grande porte da cidade de São Paulo, na utilização de uma máquina lavadora de louça de uso industrial, readaptada com temperatura ideal para o processo de lavagem de instrumental. O estudo apresenta uma forma alternativa de trabalho com diminuição do tempo para operacionalização do serviço e menor exposição do pessoal aos resíduos orgânicos.
Algumas características de cursos de graduação em enfermagem oferecidos em tempo parcial: dados para uma análise de demanda e evasão
Authors: Ogasawara Mizue , Pavarini Sônia Cristina lost
Published: February 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar algumas características de cursos particulares de Graduação em Enfermagem do Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se um questionário para coletar os dados e os resultados mostraram que os curso de enfermagem em tempo parcial - apesar de pagos - têm uma demanda elevada; as bolsas de estudos oferecidas parecem influenciar na manutenção do aluno na escola; existem oportunidades para o aluno trabalhar e facilidade de acesso ao curso de graduação para os alunos que já atuam na área. Sugere-se que sejam realizados outros estudos com o objetivo de aprofundar a análise em relação à procura pelos cursos de graduação em enfermagem.
A privatização do ensino de enfermagem no Brasil: economia da qualidade
Authors: Fernandes Josicélia Dumêt
Published: February 2015

O presente estudo tem como objeto de análise a trajetória do processo de privatização do ensino de enfermagem no Brasil, consolidada através da política educacional de expansão do número de vagas e de escolas/cursos, e as implicações desse processo na qualidade do ensino de enfermagem. Perseguindo esse objeto de análise, procura-se identificar as relações que se estabelecem entre o modelo de organização econômica do país, a política educacional de expansão do ensino superior e o conjunto de idéias que permeiam essa política. Estabelecidas essas relações, procura-se desenhar as consequências dessa política para a qualidade do processo de formação do enfermeiro, agora ameaçado pela intenção neo-liberal do governo em implantar o ensino pago nas universidades federais.
A administração de recursos materiais: importância do enfoque de custos e a responsabilidade dos profissionais de saúde
Authors: Silva Sandra Honorato da , Fernandes Rosa Áurea Quintella , Gonçalves Vera Lúcia Mira
Published: February 2015

Elabora considerações gerais sobre elevação dos custos assistenciais à saúde e as repercussões sobre a qualidade e disponibilidade dos serviços para atender à população. Discute a problemática da administração dos recursos materiais e seu significado em termos de custos para as instituições. Demonstra o papel dos profissionais de saúde na administração de materiais e os fatores que devem ser considerados na decisão da compra.
Multimídia e eficácia no ensino de anotações de enfermagem: relato de experiência pedagógica
Authors: Malavassi Marta Elisabete , Philipp Maria Lúcia dos Santos de , Santos Fábio Soares dos , Arone Evanisa Maria
Published: February 2015

O ensino tradicional do conteúdo anotações de enfermagem enfatiza os aspectos formais das anotações mostrando-se insuficiente para verificar até que ponto o aluno é capaz de identificar, numa situação de rotina, os eventos que devem ser comunicados. Concluímos que a abordagem metodológica e os materiais disponíveis para a aprendizagem desse conteúdo são insatisfatórios e indicamos a utilização de vídeos-situação para facilitar a aprendizagem. Nesse trabalho, descrevemos uma experiência de utilização de vídeo juntamente com o software Sherlock!, e apresentamos seus resultados.
Manual de orientação para paciente infartado
Authors: Martino Milva Maria Figueiredo de , Suedekum Elen White Mateus , Cassol Maristela Just , Iza Marilda Mie
Published: February 2015

O presente trabalho relata o processo de elaboração do Manual de Orientação para Paciente Infartado, para implantação na rotina assistencial de enfermagem, na Unidade de Cardiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP. Os resultados da avaliação do instrumento apontaram-se favoráveis para sua implantação na rotina hospitalar, com a finalidade de melhorar a qualidade de assistência aos pacientes cardíacos.
A utilização da região ventro-glútea para aplicação da vacina dupla-uso adulto: opinião da clientela
Authors: Baraldi Solange , Oliveira Silene de Lima , Oliveira Maria Amélia de
Published: February 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar reações emocionais e sintomas referidos por funcionários da Escola de Enfermagem da USP que receberam a vacina dT na região ventro-glútea e investigar o conhecimento e a aceitação da população quanto ao local de aplicação. Dos 38clientes, foi necessário reiniciar o esquema vacinai em 50%; 13,1% receberam a 2ª dose, 2,6% a terceira e o restante o reforço. Dos 29 localizados para a entrevista, 22 manifestaram-se favoravelmente à utilização desta região em futuras injeções; 3 escolheriam tanto a região ventro-glútea, como a dorso-glútea, 1 prefere a dorso glútea e o outro a deltóide. Quanto aos demais, 1 utilizaria a região ventro-glútea, dependendo do aplicador, e a última continua indiferente ao local de aplicação.
Inequalities in health: living conditions and infant mortality in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Renata Alves da Silva , Santos Victor Santana , Melo Cláudia Moura de , Gurgel Ricardo Queiroz , Oliveira Cristiane Costa da Cunha
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the variation of infant mortality as per condition of life in the urban setting.METHODS Ecological study performed with data regarding registered deaths of children under the age of one who resided in Aracaju, SE, Northeastern Brazil, from 2001 to 2010. Infant mortality inequalities were assessed based on the spatial distribution of the Living Conditions Index for each neighborhood, classified into four strata. The average mortality rates of 2001-2005 and 2006-2010 were compared using the Student’s t-test.RESULTS Average infant mortality rates decreased from 25.3 during 2001-2005 to 17.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2006-2010. Despite the decrease in the rates in all the strata during that decade, inequality of infant mortality risks increased in neighborhoods with worse living conditions compared with that in areas with better living conditions.CONCLUSIONS Infant mortality rates in Aracaju showed a decline, but with important differences among neighborhoods. The assessment based on a living condition perspective can explain the differences in the risks of infant mortality rates in urban areas, highlighting health inequalities in infant mortality as a multidimensional issue.
Factors associated with smoking cessation
Authors: França Samires Avelino de Souza , Neves Ana Ligian Feitosa das , Souza Tatiane Andressa Santos de , Martins Nandara Celana Negreiros , Carneiro Saul Rassy , Sarges Edilene do Socorro Nascimento Falcão , Souza Maria de Fátima Amine Houat de
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with smoking abstinence among patients who were treated in a reference unit for smoking cessation.METHODS This cross-sectional study examined the medical records of 532 patients treated in a reference unit for smoking cessation in Belém, PA, Northern Brazil, between January 2010 and June 2012. Sociodemographic variables and those related to smoking history and treatment were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 50 years; 57.0% of the patients were women. The mean tobacco load was 30 packs/year, and the mean smoking duration was approximately 32 years. Most patients remained in treatment for four months. The rate of smoking abstinence was 75.0%. Regression analysis indicated that maintenance therapy, absence of relapse triggers, and lower chemical dependence were significantly associated with smoking cessation.CONCLUSIONS The smoking abstinence rate observed was 75.0%. The cessation process was associated with several aspects, including the degree of chemical dependence, symptoms of withdrawal, and period of patient follow-up in a multidisciplinary treatment program. Studies of this nature contribute to the collection of consistent epidemiological data and are essential for the implementation of effective smoking prevention and cessation strategies.
Determinants of the use of health care services: multilevel analysis in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo
Authors: Chiavegatto Filho Alexandre Dias Porto , Wang Yuan-Pang , Malik Ana Maria , Takaoka Julia , Viana Maria Carmen , Andrade Laura Helena
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo.METHODS Data from the Sao Paulo Megacity study – the Brazilian version of the World Mental Health Survey multicenter study – were used. A total of 3,588 adults living in 69 neighborhoods in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil, including 38 municipalities and 31 neighboring districts, were selected using multistratified sampling of the non-institutionalized population. Multilevel Bayesian logistic models were adjusted to identify the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the past 12 months and presence of a regular physician for routine care.RESULTS The contextual characteristics of the place of residence (income inequality, violence, and median income) showed no significant correlation (p > 0.05) with the use of health care services or with the presence of a regular physician for routine care. The only exception was the negative correlation between living in areas with high income inequality and presence of a regular physician (OR: 0.77; 95%CI 0.60;0.99) after controlling for individual characteristics. The study revealed a strong and consistent correlation between individual characteristics (mainly education and possession of health insurance), use of health care services, and presence of a regular physician. Presence of chronic and mental illnesses was strongly correlated with the use of health care services in the past year (regardless of the individual characteristics) but not with the presence of a regular physician.CONCLUSIONS Individual characteristics including higher education and possession of health insurance were important determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. A better understanding of these determinants is essential for the development of public policies that promote equitable use of health care services.
Polio inactivated vaccine costs into routine childhood immunization in Brazil
Authors: Sartori Ana Marli Christovam , Vicentine Margarete Paganotti , Gryninger Lígia Castelloni Figueiredo , Soárez Patricia Coelho de , Novaes Hillegonda Maria Dutilh
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs of vaccination regimens for introducing inactivated polio vaccine in routine immunization in Brazil.METHODS A cost analysis was conducted for vaccines in five vaccination regimens, including inactivated polio vaccine, compared with the oral polio vaccine-only regimen. The costs of the vaccines were estimated for routine use and for the “National Immunization Days”, during when the oral polio vaccine is administered to children aged less than five years, independent of their vaccine status, and the strategic stock of inactivated polio vaccine. The presented estimated costs are of 2011.RESULTS The annual costs of the oral vaccine-only program (routine and two National Immunization Days) were estimated at US$19,873,170. The incremental costs of inclusion of the inactivated vaccine depended on the number of vaccine doses, presentation of the vaccine (bottles with single dose or ten doses), and number of “National Immunization Days” carried out. The cost of the regimen adopted with two doses of inactivated vaccine followed by three doses of oral vaccine and one “National Immunization Day” was estimated at US$29,653,539. The concomitant replacement of the DTPw/Hib and HepB vaccines with the pentavalent vaccine enabled the introduction of the inactivated polio without increasing the number of injections or number of visits needed to complete the vaccination.CONCLUSIONS The introduction of the inactivated vaccine increased the annual costs of the polio vaccines by 49.2% compared with the oral vaccine-only regimen. This increase represented 1.13% of the expenditure of the National Immunization Program on the purchase of vaccines in 2011.
Education, ethics, and solidarity in international cooperation
Authors: Castro Janete Lima de , Vilar Rosana Lucia Alves de , Germano Raimunda Medeiros
Published: February 2015

The article analyzes an experience in technical cooperation between Brazil and Andean countries in the form of the International Course in the Management of Human Resource Policies in Health. This exploratory documental study encompassed a number of Latin American countries whose institutions of higher education had partnerships with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, mediated by the Pan American Health Organization Representation in Brazil. The course experience shows that fundamental values like ethics and solidarity are determinant to the success of technical cooperation processes.
The Geoffrey Binnie Lecture 2014: The heritage of dams in Northern Ireland
Authors: Cooper Alan
Published: February 2015

The Geoffrey Binnie Lecture is the British Dam Society's keynote lecture, presented biannually at the BDS conference. The 2014 lecture was presented prior to the conference dinner on Thursday 4 September in Belfast. The paper reviews the role played by impoundments in Northern Ireland from early times and considers a selection of the approximately 150 reservoirs, all of which will soon become subject to specific safety legislation. It refers to some of the challenges faced by early designers and builders, and to some improvements that have been necessary in the interest of safety. These include works to various publicly owned reservoirs between 1972 and 1990 in anticipation of the likely extension of legislation to Northern Ireland, similar to that which applies to the rest of the UK. In particular, it recognises the vision and achievement of the designers, builders and custodians whose dams form their legacy to the long-term benefit of society.