bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Medical Students' Choice of Ophthalmology and The Transformation of Early Eye Diseases Diagnosis Skills through Ophthalmology course.
Authors: Position Hussein Morfeq
Published: December 2024

Background: Medical students face a major decision when choosing a specialty. Exposure to different disciplines often influences this choice. Although ophthalmology is a discipline that medical students are often less exposed to during training, it offers valuable skills such as slit lamp and fundus examination. These skills are crucial for the early detection and management of serious systemic diseases with ocular manifestations. This study sought to understand how exposure to ophthalmology during medical training affects the decision to pursue a career in ophthalmology or other related medical specialties. The study also aimed to measure the extent to which medical students are aware of and confident in identifying and treating systemic diseases with severe complications during routine eye exams.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine - Rabigh King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected using an online questionnaire distributed to fourth-year medical students in the faculty of medicine. McNemar, Paired-Sample T, and chi-square tests were used to test the statistical significance at p<0.05.
Results: Among the respondents, 72 individuals met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Of these, 32 were female and 40 were male. Our findings indicate that studying ophthalmology significantly enhanced medical students' general knowledge of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations. The mean number of students aware of life-threatening conditions with ocular symptoms increased from 13.92 to 19.32 after taking ophthalmology course. However, studying ophthalmology did not significantly impact their ability to identify most ophthalmic emergencies or their likelihood of choosing ophthalmology as a specialty. Nevertheless, most students reported that studying ophthalmology influenced their decision to pursue other medical specialties, including neurology, cardiology, emergency medicine, and interventional radiology.
Conclusion: Although the study found that studying ophthalmology did not significantly impact medical students' selection of specialties, it highlighted the critical role of ophthalmology education in raising awareness of systemic conditions affecting vision. By providing students with the necessary skills and knowledge to identify and manage these conditions during eye examinations, ophthalmology courses contribute to early detection and prevention of irreversible visual impairment and life-threatening complications.
Histopathologic Cancer Detection: A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models
Authors: HALDAR ATRIJA , Singh Jagendra , Dua Dev , Prabakaran Ram Visweshvar
Published: December 2024

Histopathologic cancer detection is a critical task in modern mediciine, with deep learning emerging as a promising tool for automating diagnosis. This study presents a compre- hensive comparative analysis of seven deep learning models for histopathologic cancer detection: ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, DenseNet, Xception, and InceptionsV3. Utilizing a large dataset of a total of about 300k images to train and evaluate these models, we asses the efficacy of each model in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1 Score. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of different deep learning architectures for histopathologic cancer detection.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Pulmonary Lesions in Pediatric COVID-19: Insights from Chest CT Scans
Authors: Gharib Mohammad Hadi , Amanian Dayan , Zahedpasha Reza
Published: December 2024

Background: COVID-19 manifestations in children range from mild to severe. Identifying characteristic chest computed tomography (CT) features in this age group is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective screening. This study aimed to explore CT imaging patterns in pediatric COVID-19 cases to enhance diagnostic methods.
Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study examined chest CT scans of 42 children with confirmed COVID-19 at Taleghani Hospital, Gorgan, Iran (2021-2022). Data were collected using a comprehensive 14-item checklist covering demographics, extent of lung involvement, and various radiological features. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were employed for data analysis.
Results: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were the most prevalent finding, present in 92.9% of cases, followed by consolidation in 54.8%. These abnormalities predominantly affected the peripheral lung zones (45.24%) or both central and peripheral zones (40.48%). Notably, 7.1% of children exhibited no visible pulmonary lesions. The lower lobes, particularly the left and right lower lobes, were most frequently involved. Pleural effusion was observed in 4.8% of cases, while pericardial effusion and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were absent. The greatest extent of involvement was noted in the lower lung zones, with approximately one-third of children showing involvement of three lung lobes.
Conclusion: This study reveals prevalent radiological features of pediatric COVID-19, including GGO, consolidation, and peripheral lung lesions. The rarity of certain findings contrasts with adult cases, potentially informing future diagnostic approaches and clinical management strategies for pediatric COVID-19 patients, and potentially aid in developing AI-based tools for interpreting pediatric COVID-19 chest CT scans.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ПАМЯТЬ И ГАБСБУРГСКИЙ МИФПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКИЙ СИНДРОМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА ХХ В. ИТОВАР ОБЩЕСТВА МАССОВОГО ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Крючков И.В. , Крючкова Н.Д.
Published: December 2024

Распад Австро-Венгрии привел к значительным переменам в политической, экономической и культурной жизни Центрально-Восточной Европы в 1920–1950-е гг. Жители региона в это время столкнулись с ростом национализма, авторитаризма и падением уровня жизни. В статье анализируется влияние данных процессов на зарождение и развитие габсбургского мифа в его различных проявлениях. «Золотой век» у многих жителей региона ассоциировался с правлением императора Франца-Иосифа I и императрицы Елизаветы Австрийской (Баварской). Император символизировал стабильность, уравновешенность и гуманность, императрица отражала аристократизм, романтизм и стремление к красоте. Авторы отмечают, что данные качества жители Центрально-Восточной Европы не находили в современном обществе, обращаясь к истории Австро-Венгрии. В заключении статьи подчеркивается постепенная деполитизация габсбургского мифа во второй половине ХХ в., его размывание в повседневной жизни; он в большей степени превращается в товар общества массового потребления и прежде всего в сфере туризма и массовой культуры.

The breakdown of Austria-Hungary led to significant changes in political, economic and cultural life of Central-Eastern Europe in the 1920-1950s. Inhabitants of the region faced the growth of nationalism, authoritarianism and decline in living standards. The authors analyze the influence of these processes on birth and development of the Habsburg myth in its various forms. The “Golden Age” was associated with the rule of Emperor Franz-Joseph I and Empress Elizabeth of Austria (of Bavaria) by many inhabitants of the region. The Emperor was a symbol of stability, centrality and humanity, while the Empress reflected aristocratism, romanticism and aspiration to the beauty. The authors have noted that the inhabitants of Central-Eastern Europe did not find these qualities in modern society turning to the history of Austria-Hungary. The gradual depoliticization of the Habsburg myth in the second half of the 20th c., its erosion in a daily life is shown in the article; it is mostly turning into a social product of mass consumption first of all in spheres of tourism and popular culture.
МЕМОРИАЛЬНЫЕ МУЗЕИ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ДЕЯТЕЛЕЙВ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИСОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: Мазур Л.Н.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается роль мемориальных музеев в конструировании государственного мифа и исторической памяти. Анализируется структура музейно-мемориального пространства России, его динамика на протяжении XX – начала XXI в. Особое внимание уделено характеристике мемориальных музеев руководителей советского государства – В.И. Ленина, И.В. Сталина и их влиянию на историческую память современного российского общества. Раскрываются функции музея в контексте механизмов социального инжиниринга, а также место и роль президентского центра Б.Н. Ельцина в формировании образа России 1990-х гг.

The article examines the role of memorial museums in the design of the state myth and historical memory. The structure of the museum-memorial space of Russia, its dynamics throughout the 20th – early 21st c. is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the description of the memorial museums of the leaders of the Soviet state –Lenin, Stalin and their influence on the historical memory of Russian society. The functions of the museum in the context of social engineering mechanisms, as well as the place and role of Yeltsin's Presidential Center in shaping the image of Russia in the 1990s, are disclosed.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯГОРНОТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ(по материалам Урала конца XIX – начала XX в.)
Authors: Голикова С.В. , Дашкевич Л.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируются проекты развития горнотехнического образования, рассмотренные съездами уральских горнопромышленников. Дебаты между их участниками, горными инженерами, заводовладельцами, горной администрацией, управляющим Уральским горным училищем выявляют их требования к низшему и среднему образованию, которое должно было соответствовать по структуре и функциям задачам экономического развития. В 1916 г. эти положения были учтены министерством торговли и промышленности при разработке законопроекта о промышленных училищах.

The article analyzes the projects of mining engineering education considered by the congresses of the Ural miners. The controversy between participants of the congresses, mining engineers, factory owners, the mining administration, the manager of the Ural Mining College reveals their requirements for the lower and medium mining technical education, which should be consistent with the structure and functions of professional training in the tasks of the region's economic development. In 1916 these requirements were taken into account by the Ministry of Trade and Industry when drafting a bill on industrial schools.
МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЕ И. И. ПЕТРУНКЕВИЧАШТРИХИ К ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМУ ПОРТРЕТУ
Authors: Котельницкий Н.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье исследуется формирование мировоззрения И.И. Петрункевича. Охарактеризовано его отношение к политическому режиму Российской империи, крестьянской и земской реформам. Показаны ключевые факторы его биографии, семейной летописи, повседневной жизни, воспитания и образования, дружественных и родственных связей, как фундаментальные составляющие кристаллизации идеалов, взглядов и убеждений. Освещены знаковые события первого, украинского периода жизни и деятельности И.И. Петрункевича.

The article studies the formation of the ideology and mentality of I.I. Petrunkevich. The personal attitude of the figure to the social and political regime of the Russian Empire, the peasant and zemstvo reforms has been characterized. The key factors of biography, family history, everyday life, educational and educational processes, friendly and family ties are shown as fundamental components of the crystallization of ideals, views and beliefs of I.I. Petrunkevich. The significant events of the first, Ukrainian period of life and politics are highlighted.
Anais CIONN - Congresso Internacional de Odontologia Norte e Nordeste, Edição 2024
Authors: Lima Larissa Chaves Morais de , Lima Cacilda Chaves Morais de , Lima Thaynná Barboza Bezerra de , Medeiros Rafaella Amancio Araújo de Lima , Gusmão Júlia Quintela Brandão de , Veríssimo Matheus Harllen Gonçalves
Published: December 2024

Caro(a) leitor(a),
O CIONN, Congresso Internacional de Odontologia Norte e Nordeste, realizado no Centro de Eventos de Recife nos dias 3, 4 e 5 de Outubro de 2024, surge como projeto anual de integração da ciência, indústria, acadêmicos e profissionais da área. O momento é de inovar, realizar novos negócios e compartilhar conhecimentos frente a uma Odontologia moderna e digitalizada. A Odontologia passa por transformações de elevado impacto científico e social. Sendo assim, a comissão organizadora do CIONN reuniu os maiores nomes nacionais e internacionais para uma grade cientifica inovadora, buscando o aprimoramento de cada área do conhecimento, respeitando suas particularidades.  Em um espaço de exposição, reuniram-se colegas da área e empreendedores para ensinar, por meio de tecnologias de última geração, que também a Odontologia é responsável por uma saúde pública comprometida com a qualidade de vida de sua população. Entre os painéis, foram submetidos mais de 250 trabalhos, dos quais 215 foram selecionados, os quais temos o prazer de divulgar no presente volume de ANAIS. Acreditamos na internacionalização, aliada aos avanços clínicos, para o desenvolvimento científico da Odontologia. Parabéns a todos os que vêm colhendo os frutos do CIONN. Todos juntos em um só lugar!
CIONN  -  Congresso Internacional de Odontologia Norte e Nordeste. Recife – PE, Brasil - Edição 2024
Pumpkin Rootstocks Improve the Low-temperature Resistance of Bitter Gourd through Physiological Regulation
Authors: Peng Ying , Tong Hui , Yuan Ye , Yuan Zuhua , Hu Xinjun , Yin Wuping
Published: December 2024

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is one of the Cucurbitaceae species that is sensitive to low temperatures. Grafting onto pumpkin rootstock is an effective technique to increase the chilling tolerance of the Cucurbitaceae species upon exposure to low-temperature stress. However, research on the mechanism by which pumpkin rootstock increases chilling tolerance of bitter gourd remains limited. In this study, bitter gourd ‘Baoyu No.2’ was used as the scion, and pumpkin ‘Dongfang Changsheng’ served as the rootstock; self-rooted seedlings are used as a control. The grafted and self-rooted bitter gourd seedlings were exposed to low-temperature stress (10 °C) for 10 days and allowed to recover for 1 day at 25 °C/20 °C (D/N). Changes in chilling damage index, osmotic regulatory substance contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics were determined. We found that the malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (PRO) levels in the leaves of both self-rooted and grafted bitter gourd seedlings, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), tended to increase overall with increasing duration of low-temperature stress. After 10 days of low-temperature stress, the PRO content of grafted seedlings increased by 312.77% compared with the self-rooted seedlings. The SOD activity increased by 46.19%, and the POD activity increased by 4.66%. Under low-temperature stress, the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP) curves of both self-rooted and grafted seedlings clearly changed. As the low-temperature stress duration increased, the maximum fluorescence intensity (P) decreased compared with 0 day, and the J-I-P curve tended to flatten. However, the decline and flattening for grafted seedlings were weaker than those for self-rooted seedlings. After 3 days of low-temperature stress, the Fv/Fm of the self-rooted seedlings reached its lowest point of 0.63, which was 24.10% lower and 18.18% lower than that noted at 0 day and for the grafted seedlings, respectively. The PIABS of the self-rooted seedlings reached its lowest point of 0.61, which was 86.76% lower than that noted at 0 day and 68.88% lower than the grafted seedlings. Furthermore, after 3 days of low-temperature stress, the absorption per active reaction center (ABS/RC) of the self-rooted seedlings increased by 25.19% compared with 0 day and 26.54% compared with the grafted seedlings. Moreover, the dissipation energy per active reaction center (DIo/RC) of the self-rooted seedlings was 179.43% of that noted at 0 day and 108.45% greater than that of the grafted seedlings.
A first-principles investigation on the enthalpy landscape for the hibonite solid solution: Implications for a nebular barometer
Authors: Zanetta Pierre-Marie , Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Manga Venkateswara Rao , Muralidharan Krishna , Zega Thomas J.
Published: December 2024

Hibonite, nominally CaAl12O19, is among the first minerals thermodynamically predicted to have formed in the early history of our solar system. It can incorporate significant amounts of Ti (≤15 wt%, ∼2 cations per formula unit) into its crystal structure as both Ti4+ and Ti3+. The main pathways for Ti incorporation in the solar nebula include a direct substitution of Ti3+ replacing Al3+ and a coupled substitution in which Ti4+ and Mg2+ replace two Al3+. Additionally, the formation of oxygen vacancies can also reduce a Ti4+ cation to Ti3+ by trapping a free electron. The relative amounts of these cations potentially reflect the fugacity of oxygen (fO2), a fundamental thermodynamic parameter, that prevailed when hibonite first formed or last equilibrated. However, the Ti content and its oxidation state in hibonite does not depend solely on fO2. The composition of the system is, thus, a key factor in changing the Ti4+/ΣTi ratio of the structure concurrently with the fO2. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the energetics, complex crystal chemistry, and substitution reactions of hibonite in order to relate the Ti oxidation state to the fO2 of the nebular system in which condensed.

To that end, we report DFT calculations (0 K) to determine the ground-state energies and the enthalpy of formation (ΔH) of hibonite solid solutions that span the range reported in meteorites. Our results show that coupled substitution is energetically favored (ΔH=-96.70 kJ.mol-1, from oxides). In comparison, the formation of oxygen vacancies is energetically unfavorable, but similar to Ti3+ direct substitution for Al3+ (ΔH=∼60 kJ.mol-1, from oxides), which is commonly observed in hibonite. It is therefore necessary to consider oxygen vacancies as a potential mechanism for controlling the incorporation of Ti3+ into hibonite, in addition to direct replacement reactions. We provide here the first reliable estimation of the formation enthalpies for the hibonite solid solution that includes solutes and point defects. The results presented herein constitute a significant advance towards the establishment of a comprehensive Gibbs free energy description of the hibonite solid solution, which is ultimately required for accurate modelling of its thermodynamic stability within the early solar nebula.
Analysis of the crisis resilience of utilities in the ownership of municipalities in Hungary between 2006 and 2022
Authors: Lentner Csaba , Lencses Enikő , Hegedűs Szilard , Nagy Vitéz
Published: December 2024

Hungary’s utility sector, encompassing district heating, water services, waste management, and public transport, has experienced notable shifts from municipal to privatized ownership and back to community control between 2006 and 2022. The purpose of this study is to assess the financial performance and crisis resilience of municipally owned utility companies in Hungary between 2006 and 2022, with a particular focus on the impact of state price regulation and the role of economic cycles. The regulation was intended to ensure service affordability but imposed significant constraints on financial flexibility and investment capacity. The study targeted a sample of Hungarian local government companies, with two distinguished periods (2006–2013 and 2014–2022), examining seven different financial indicators (formulas), e.g., EBITDA, ROA, etc., with variance analysis and correlation analyses. These revealed that while companies operated effectively during periods of economic growth, the post-2020 polycrisis, characterized by challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic and rising energy prices, exposed vulnerabilities, especially in the district heating sector. Financial indicators, including EBITDA margin and liquidity ratios, showed mixed results, with profitability improving in certain sectors but liquidity and return on assets (ROA) declining, indicating stress on short-term solvency. The paper suggests that while price regulation maintained affordability, it limited the capacity for swift adaptation during crises. To enhance resilience, the study recommends incorporating more adaptive regulatory frameworks and investing in renewable energy and operational efficiency. These changes would help municipally owned utility companies better withstand economic fluctuations and maintain service continuity, contributing to long-term financial and service stability.
AcknowledgmentProject no. TKP2021-NKTA-51 has been implemented with support from the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-NKTA funding scheme.This study was done in Széll Kálmán Public Finance Lab of Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest.
INTEGRITY AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF HUMAN IDENTITY: CONCEPTUAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Vysotska Olha
Published: December 2024

The author examines the transformation of the concept of integrity in historical retrospect as an important factor in the formation of human identity. The researcher identifies the tendencies to associate integrity with both social norms that influence a person’s self-identification and internal beliefs that determine his or her «self-confidence» as the basis of an ideal model of self-realization. The author describes changes in the interpretation of integrity from the ancient concept of self-knowledge and ethics of reason to postmodernism value pluralism and deconstruction of morality, as well as attempts to combine the principles of moral autonomy and social solidarity in metamodernism.
THE MYTHS OF THE ACTORS OF THE CONSCIENTIOUS WARS
Authors: Kachurov Yevhen , Kachurova Svitlana , Kovalenko Hanna
Published: December 2024

The article examines an increasingly popular thesis about the conscientious essence of modern warfare. The creators and supporters of this concept talk about wars to defeat (destroy) consciousness. As a distinctive characteristic, they point to the contradictory nature of these conflicts – that in them there is a confrontation between one and all. In the course of the study, it turns out that the interpretation of these wars as having no specific enemy (no enemy) does indeed have a right to exist, but only not concerning modernity, but to World history.
Besides, the thesis that modern war is a «war of consciousness» inevitably leads science to the problems of methodology in understanding the phenomenon of consciousness.
THE PHENOMENON OF CHILDHOOD THROUGH THE PRISM OF BORDER INSTABILITY PROBLEMS
Authors: Korzh Hanna
Published: December 2024

The article highlights that radical cultural and political shifts, wars, and the intensification of integration and migration processes exacerbate existing challenges and create new ones for societies, nation-states, families, and individuals. The Russian aggression has disrupted the biological and natural rhythms of child development, underscoring the need to address the issues of harmonizing existence, acquiring knowledge, and fostering moral values in the younger generation of Ukrainians. The violation of Ukraine’s internationally recognized borders by the aggressor and the mass displacement caused by military actions necessitate the development of new approaches to education and upbringing of the youth.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA CRIAÇÃO DE UMA COLEÇÃO MINERALÓGICA E PETROGRÁFICA PARA USO DIDÁTICO
Authors: Kunsch Júlia Cássia da Silva , Couto Katrine Setfânia , Silveira Helbert Rezende de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

As especificidades das coleções mineralógicas – petrográficas, compostas por minerais e rochas que apresentam uma variedade de formas, tamanhos e cores, promovem maneiras próprias de exposição que chamam a atenção, logo de mediação com o público. É indiscutível, nos dias de hoje, a importância dos museus de ciência naturais no que diz respeito à educação e a popularização da ciência para os cidadãos. Tal fato pode ser evidenciado, entre outros exemplos, por meio das políticas internacionais e nacionais que colocam cada vez mais ênfase nos museus enquanto espaços educativos, tanto por meio de financiamentos quanto na perspectiva de incorporá-los em projetos de educação nacional. Assim, este estudo objetivou evidenciar a importância e o papel das coleções mineralógicas – petrográficas na formação superior e apresentar a criação inicial de um acervo em instituições de ensino. Para a criação do acervo foram realizadas pesquisas exploratórias na região, direcionadas para a aquisição e verificação de materiais de ocorrência local. A coleção consta também com amostras oriundas de doações de alunos, professores, da comunidade e de outras universidades. Na formação do acervo inicial conseguiu-se levantar, ao todo, mais de 600 amostras, sendo 24 tipos de minerais, com 8 variações entre as classes minerais, e 22 tipos petrográficos diferentes, incluindo as três classes existentes: ígneas ou magmáticas, metamórficas e sedimentares. Este acervo se mostra um material didático que, além de proporcionar uma oportunidade única para discentes terem acesso a materiais físicos no entendimento da geologia, podem desperta maior interesse nos conteúdos geológicos.
Populism as Threat to Democracy
Authors: Shaveko Nikolai
Published: December 2024

In scientific and political discourse, populism is usually considered as a negative phenomenon that threatens democracy. In this study, the author aimed to define populism in this vein and to perform a critical analysis of the most popular approaches to this phenomenon. While refuting the idea of populism as anti-elitism or anti-pluralism, the article introduces an authentic definition of populism as manipulation of the masses by a politician. The new definition makes it possible to explain why heterogeneous phenomena designated by different authors as populism share similar negative characteristics. Populism poses a threat to democracy because it decomposes democratic culture, which can eventually destroy democratic institutions and result in authoritarianism. Moreover, it leads to rational ignorance and tyranny of the masses. Regardless of the specific reasons for the surge of populism in the late XX and early XXI centuries, its fundamental cause lies in the fallibility of human nature, which makes it a permanent threat to democracy.
Model of Continuous Professional Education of Specialists
Authors: Domnyshev Aleksey , Ganieva Irina
Published: December 2024

The article presents a model of continuous professional education through school, college, and university to the company level. The model provides career in-school guidance as a basis for professional skills to be developed further at institutions of secondary and higher education. It also provides specialists with a time-efficient corporate career track. By ensuring their current and future needs in qualified personnel, companies achieve strategic goals, develop new products, and introduce modern technologies. The regional economy depends on its basic industries, which require specialists that are able to adapt to the most complex local tasks. The model assumes a high level of interaction between all stakeholders, i.e., employers, schools, technical colleges, universities, regional Departments of Education, municipal Education Councils, academic committees, etc. The authors studied the interaction experience between EVRAZ West Siberian Metallurgical Complex and the regional education institutions in 2022–2024.
Current Issues of Information Disclosure in Integrated Reporting of Economic Entities
Authors: Karpova Ol'ga , Dymova Irina
Published: December 2024

Domestic integrated reporting combines various types of reports generated by economic entities in order to improve the quality of information, develop integrated thinking, and create long-time values. The article introduces a new approach to the composition and content of integrated reporting. The research revealed some problems regarding the application of legislative norms in the field of classification and generalization of analytical, financial, and non-financial data. The authors analyzed the integrated reports available in the library of corporate non-financial reports of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. The analysis made it possible to summarize the presentation sequence of integrated reporting by Russian economic entities and its total share in the industry affiliation. The integrated reporting structure included eight elements with their specified names, content, and issues. Further research may improve the process of integrating financial and non-financial information into a single format. Integrated reporting can become an effective synthesis tool for organizing certain disparate parts into a single entity.
Development of Project Management Skills at the University as a Driver of Regional Development
Authors: Belchik Tatyana
Published: December 2024

The article summarizes the experience of developing project management skills in university students in the Kemerovo Region. Management skills give graduates a competitive advantage, thus developing the laborpotential of the region. However, project management as a teaching area is not free of terminological errors. Theresearch revealed a lack of systematic approach in teaching project management in the Kemerovo Region, as well as some other training problems. The author developed a set of recommendations based on monitoring the activities of the regional universities and their websites, as well as on the expert assessments from interviews with university management. The Kemerovo State University develops project management competencies in school students at the School of Young Strategists, not to mention a number of additional education programs. Unfortunately, the efforts are not sufficient enough to develop project management skills of required quality.Students need to be involved in real projects of regional, municipal, and university level to consolidate their skills and motivate them to perform similar tasks after graduation. By using a decent financial reward to attract new graduates to project team work, the regional authorities could partially solve the problem of the outflow
of job migration.
Methodological Approaches to Assessing Social and Economic Differentiation of Economic Space
Authors: Mel'kov Vyacheslav , Zhidkova Elena
Published: December 2024

This article introduces a system of contemporary methodological approaches to assessing the socio-economic differentiation of the economic space in the Russian Federation. Each approach is a set of indicators that can be applied to Russia’s socio-economic system for assessment and analysis of its territorial differentiation. The research methodology included a review, content analysis, dialectical, approach, and systemic approach, as well as the methods of economic statistics, graphical representation, and econometric analysis. The resulting scheme of Logical stages of assessing socio-economic territorial differentiation made it possible to identify the key factors behind the interregional differences. A case study shows how the choice of appropriate indicators and may affect the results and conclusions of a territorial differentiation assessment. Well-chosen analytical tools provide effective regional policies. Russia’s socio-economic heterogeneity needs a comprehensive approach, especially in the context of the current economic and social challenges to the domestic territorial spatial development.
Developing Critical Thinking in Non-Linguistic Students as Part of Foreign Language Acquisition
Authors: Shukurova Inna , Orehova Elena , Deneko Marina
Published: December 2024

University graduates need flexible and critical thinking to be successful on the job market. New teaching methods develop universal competencies and soft skills that university students are obliged to obtain. The study focuses on the nature of critical thinking as a pedagogical term. The authors evaluated the teaching methods used in the course of Foreign Language to develop critical thinking in students of non-linguistic majors. The review of foreign and domestic publications combined with empirical studies yielded the following list of indicators of critical thinking skills acquired while learning a foreign language. The students a) are independent in judgment and assessment; b) are able to expresses their point of view based on their own experience or verified data; c) are objective to alternative points of view; d) apply new information to their actual environment in order to facilitate problem solving. These indicators were used to evaluate students’ critical comprehension of information received and processed. The assessment involved essays, a written survey, and interviews. The students appreciated the effectiveness of essay writing, abstracting, and text analysis. They recognized the importance of critical thinking because it provides an objective, open-minded, and independent perception, which makes it possible to apply new information to professional tasks. The course of Foreign Language for Non-Linguistic Students demonstrated an excellent potential for such pedagogical tasks as developing universal competences.
Mathematical Research Task in Pairs as a Means of Assessing Meta-Subject Skills in Schoolchildren
Authors: Pozdnyakova Elena
Published: December 2024

Mathematics can offer a number of diagnostic tools to assess the level of meta-subject skills in students of 5–9 grades. The author developed a math task for paired work as a comprehensive assessment tool for universal academic skills. As students worked in pairs to perform a mathematical study, the author used a tiered approach to assess their soft skills in a particular context. The task included a roadmap that made it possible to control the sequence of actions and independence of their implementation. The motivational, cognitive, activity-based, and productive development criteria were specified by different indicators. The meta-subject skills fell into six levels depending on the degree of individual performance and the quality of the actions performed. The Spearman correlation coefficient demonstrated the reliability and validity of the new diagnostic tool. The method was tested in Kuzbass schools, and teachers of mathematics pointed out its efficiency. The article offers a sample of a roadmap for a math task to be prepared in pairs by 5–9-graders.
Civil or Administrative: Transition from One Type of Proceedings to Another during Commencement Stage
Authors: Galkovskaya Natal'ya
Published: December 2024

Federal Law 451-FZ has introduced new institutions represented by transformational procedures to the norms of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. These procedures provide for the possibility of transition from civil proceedings to administrative and vice versa. The study featured the transformation procedures that arise at the stage of initiating proceedings on a case and their optimizations. One type of legal proceedings may transform into another at an early stage in accordance with Article 33.1 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and Article 16.1 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. However, the protocol for procedural registration lacks strict regulations in the current procedural legislation. A number of standard research methods revealed the irrationality of the priority of civil proceedings over administrative proceedings as they compete. This approach questions the decision to allocate administrative proceedings into an independent procedural form of protection of violated or disputed rights. Many unresolved issues arise when changing the type of legal proceedings. The author believes that the type of legal proceedings should be defined at the stage of application. A timely correction of the error made by the applicant makes it possible to avoid many adverse procedural consequences, including time-intensive transfers, appeals, trial de novo, etc.
Estrategias de adaptación o resiliencia de emprendedores en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19: Estudio de tres casos en Perú, Chile y España
Authors: Cerón Valencia Fernando Paul , Ávila Carrasco Andrés , Miralles Martínez Alberto
Published: December 2024

This article presents a study of the situations of three entrepreneurs from Peru, Chile and Spain in the COVID-19 pandemic framework. An attempt has been made to understand their responses and the components of their particular resilience, as well as the endogenous and exogenous resources with which they faced their states of personal and organizational uncertainty. It also addresses the frameworks of contextual crises –of different natures– in which companies had to be managed by analyzing the structural and conjunctural capacities to respond from their managerial commands.
Diagnostic Evaluation
Authors: Jaiswal Amit Kumar , Kumar Pradeep , Agrawal Vivek , Singh Amit , Prakash Atul , Singh Shanker Kumar
Published: December 2024

Parasitic infections in goats adversely affect health and productivity and are
a major concern worldwide, leading to severe economic losses to the goat industry. The
use of anti-parasitic drugs has been proven to be effective in the prevention and control
of parasitic load in small ruminants. However, accurate diagnosis of parasitic infection
is of utmost importance, which helps in the selection of the most suitable therapeutic
agents and reduces the indiscriminate use of anti-parasitic drugs. The conventional
diagnostic methods, such as microscopic examination of excretions, secretions, and
blood smear for parasites, even nowadays are considered to be “gold standard”
techniques in diagnosis, whereas the advancement in clinical diagnostic methods with
rapid screening procedures and introduction of molecular biology tools without
sacrificing sensitivity, value-added tests, and point-of-care tests overcome the issues
related with these conventional methods. Recent diagnostic evaluation of parasitic
diseases is performed by serology-based tests, parasite DNA-based molecular methods
and proteomic technology. Serology-based tests/ assays are helpful for screening of
large number of goats at a time, whereas the parasite DNA-based molecular methods
are found helpful for the diagnosis of parasite with very high sensitivity and specificity.
Recently, the use of proteomic technology with host or parasite protein as a biomarker
opens a new horizon for parasite disease diagnosis. The current chapter discusses the
detailed conventional methods and alternative approaches for the diagnosis of parasite
disease.
Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Investigations
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 4 offers an extensive exploration of the methodologies and practices
involved in monitoring and responding to disease outbreaks. Beginning with an
introduction to the themes of the chapter, it delves into the intricacies of disease
surveillance systems, providing insights into their establishment and operation. The
chapter also examines outbreak detection and response strategies, offering practical
guidance on identifying and mitigating emerging health threats. Through compelling
case studies, readers gain valuable real-world perspectives on outbreak response
efforts, illuminating the challenges and successes encountered in the field of public
health.
Concise Handbook of Epidemiology (Second Edition)
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Concise Handbook of Epidemiology is an essential resource introducing readers to core principles, models, and research methods of modern epidemiology. This comprehensive guide covers foundational concepts like health and disease, disease occurrence, epidemiological models, and study designs. It also talks about disease surveillance, outbreak investigations, statistical methods, and advanced epidemiological techniques, including the impact of genomics and community-based epidemiology.

Each chapter incorporates real-world case studies, offering readers practical insights and applications. Ethical considerations, innovative methods, and future directions in the field ensure readers are equipped with foundational knowledge and forward-looking perspectives.

Key Features:
- Foundational Overview: Covers health, disease occurrence, and key epidemiological frameworks.
- Practical Tools: Offers research designs, statistical methods, and real-world case studies.
- Advanced Topics: Explores genomics, statistical advances, and challenges in modern epidemiology.
- Future Focus: Discusses ethics and evolving innovations shaping epidemiological practices.
Current State, Challenges, and Data Processing of AI in Sensors and Computer Vision
Authors: Hoang Minh Long
Published: December 2024

The first chapter of the book explores the transformative applications of
artificial intelligence (AI) in sensor technology and computer vision, focusing on
human activity recognition, health monitoring, medical imaging, and autonomous
vehicles within the automotive industry. It highlights the substantial advancements AI
brings to these fields, particularly emphasizing the roles of machine learning (ML) and
deep learning (DL), a subset of ML. In the field of human activity recognition and
health monitoring, AI's ability to enhance accuracy and efficiency is thoroughly
examined. The discussion extends to medical imaging, where ML and DL techniques
significantly improve diagnostic processes and patient outcomes. The chapter also
delves into the automotive industry, showcasing AI's impact on enabling self-driving
cars and optimizing manufacturing processes. Each section provides detailed insights
into the potential capabilities of ML and DL, illustrating AI's role as a game-changer
that revolutionizes traditional methods. The narrative underscores the transformative
power of these technologies, driving innovation and creating new opportunities across
various domains. Additionally, the chapter addresses the challenges faced in the
construction and operation of ML models. It analyzes difficulties such as data quality
issues, computational resource demands, and algorithmic training complexities,
offering a balanced perspective on the promises and hurdles of AI deployment. The
chapter concludes with an in-depth discussion on sensor data collection and processing
and case studies to demonstrate AI applications in real life. This section covers
methodologies for gathering high-quality sensor data, pre-processing techniques, and
integrating this data into AI frameworks, setting the stage for understanding AI's
profound impact and technical intricacies.
Human Activity Recognition and Health Monitoring by Machine Learning Based on IMU Sensors
Authors: Hoang Minh Long
Published: December 2024

The study of human activity recognition (HAR) holds significant importance
within wearable technology and ubiquitous computing, driven by the increasing
ubiquity of inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors embedded in devices like
smartphones, smartwatches, and fitness trackers. The effective classification and
recognition of human actions are crucial for various applications, including health
monitoring, fitness tracking, and personalized user experiences. This study
comprehensively examines the advancements in HAR by applying machine learning
(ML) methodologies to data collected from IMU sensors. We explore seven powerful
ML algorithms that have been pivotal in transforming raw sensor data into actionable
insights for activity classification. These algorithms include decision trees, random
forests, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), artificial neural
networks (ANN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and long short-term memory
networks (LSTM). Each algorithm is assessed based on its ability to accurately process
and classify various human activities, highlighting their strengths and limitations in
different scenarios. Moreover, the study delves into the critical role of evaluation
metrics and the confusion matrix in validating the performance of these ML models.
Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and specificity are examined to
provide a holistic view of the model's efficacy. The confusion matrix is emphasized as
a tool for understanding the true positive, false positive, true negative, and false
negative rates, offering insights into the practical performance of the models in realworld applications. Through this detailed investigation, we aim to shed light on the
current state of HAR and the potential future directions for research and development
in this dynamic field.
Deep Learning in Object Detection for the Autonomous Car
Authors: Hoang Minh Long
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI)
techniques in self-driving cars, mainly focusing on object recognition. Deep learning
has emerged as a powerful tool for object detection, playing a crucial role in processing
data from lidar, radar, and video cameras. These three technologies are essential
components of autonomous vehicles, providing critical obstacle information that
enables the automatic system to execute appropriate actions based on the received data.
We delve into three advanced techniques that enhance object detection capabilities in
autonomous cars: PointPillars for Lidar, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for
radar, and You Only Look Once (YOLO) for video cameras. PointPillars is a state-o-
-the-art technique that efficiently processes lidar point cloud data to detect objects,
offering high accuracy and real-time performance. This method transforms point cloud
data into a structured format that is easier for neural networks to process, facilitating
rapid and accurate object detection. For radar, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
are employed to leverage their strength in processing grid-like data structures. CNNs
can effectively handle the spatial information captured by radar sensors, enabling
precise detection and classification of objects, even in challenging conditions such as
poor visibility or adverse weather. In video camera applications, the YOLO (You Only
Look Once) algorithm is utilized for its ability to detect and classify multiple objects
within a single frame quickly. YOLO's real-time detection capability and high accuracy
make it an ideal choice for video-based object detection in self-driving cars. This
chapter provides a comprehensive overview of these cutting-edge deep learning
techniques, demonstrating their pivotal role in advancing the object recognition
capabilities of autonomous vehicles. Through detailed discussions and examples, we
highlight how these methods contribute to the development of safer and more reliable
self-driving car systems.