bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Functional Heterogeneity of Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reflects the Status of the Parent Cell
Authors: Kolonics Ferenc , Szeifert Viktória , Timár Csaba I. , Ligeti Erzsébet , Lőrincz Ákos M.
Published: December 2020

Similar to other cell types, neutrophilic granulocytes also release extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly medium-sized microvesicles/microparticles. According to published data, authors have reached a consensus on the physical parameters (size, density) and chemical composition (surface proteins, proteomics) of neutrophil-derived EVs. In contrast, there is large diversity and even controversy in the reported functional properties. Part of the discrepancy may be ascribed to differences in the viability of the starting cells, in eliciting factors, in separation techniques and in storage conditions. However, the most recent data from our laboratory prove that the same population of neutrophils is able to generate EVs with different functional properties, transmitting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on neighboring cells. Previously we have shown that Mac-1 integrin is a key factor that switches anti-inflammatory EV generation into pro-inflammatory and antibacterial EV production. This paper reviews current knowledge on the functional alterations initiated by neutrophil-derived EVs, listing their effects according to the triggering agents and target cells. We summarize the presence of neutrophil-derived EVs in pathological processes and their perspectives in diagnostics and therapy. Finally, the functional heterogeneity of differently triggered EVs indicates that neutrophils are capable of producing a broad spectrum of EVs, depending on the environmental conditions prevailing at the time of EV genesis.
Targeting Chromatin Complexes in Myeloid Malignancies and Beyond: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Innovation
Authors: Perner Florian , Armstrong Scott A.
Published: December 2020

The aberrant function of chromatin regulatory networks (epigenetics) is a hallmark of cancer promoting oncogenic gene expression. A growing body of evidence suggests that the disruption of specific chromatin-associated protein complexes has therapeutic potential in malignant conditions, particularly those that are driven by aberrant chromatin modifiers. Of note, a number of enzymatic inhibitors that block the catalytic function of histone modifying enzymes have been established and entered clinical trials. Unfortunately, many of these molecules do not have potent single-agent activity. One potential explanation for this phenomenon is the fact that those drugs do not profoundly disrupt the integrity of the aberrant network of multiprotein complexes on chromatin. Recent advances in drug development have led to the establishment of novel inhibitors of protein–protein interactions as well as targeted protein degraders that may provide inroads to longstanding effort to physically disrupt oncogenic multiprotein complexes on chromatin. In this review, we summarize some of the current concepts on the role epigenetic modifiers in malignant chromatin states with a specific focus on myeloid malignancies and recent advances in early-phase clinical trials.
Effect of Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process on Selective Oxidation and Galvanizability of Medium Manganese Steel for Automotive Application
Authors: Chen Zhang , He Yanlin , Zheng Weisen , Wang Hua , Zhang Yu , Li Lin
Published: December 2020

A medium manganese steel with 7.5 wt.% Mn for automobile application was galvanized in a continuous Hot Dip Galvanizing (HDG) simulator under different galvanizing conditions. It was shown that the effects of dew point, annealing temperature and annealing atmosphere on the surface oxidation of steel could be comprehensively evaluated by the consideration of oxygen partial pressure P(O2). Although Mn2SiO4 was a thermodynamic stable phase when P(O2) varied from 10−28 to 10−21 atm, it was difficult to form Mn–Si–O composite oxide because there was no enrichment of silicon on the steel surface. So, this oxide was generally formed in the Fe substrate and had little effect on the galvanizability. With the increase in P(O2) above 10−25 atm, MnO particles in the form of the thermodynamic stable phase became coarser and tended to aggregate, which hindered the formation of a continuous inhibition layer, resulting in the defects of bare spots on the galvanized surface of the steel. When the oxygen partial pressure greater than 10−22 atm, film-like MnO layer was formed on the surface of steel sample, which obviously deteriorated the galvanizability. The galvanizability of the steel can be improved by the regulation of oxygen partial pressure; based on this, the reasonable zinc plating process parameters can be developed.
Evaluation of Novel Glycerol/PEO Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Non-Toxic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Natural Dyes Regarding Long-Term Stability and Reproducibility
Authors: Storck Jan Lukas , Dotter Marius , Brockhagen Bennet , Grothe Timo
Published: December 2020

Alongside efficiency, long-term stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is a key factor regarding their commercialization. One suitable and cost-effective method to increase the long-term stability is to prevent leakage and evaporation of the electrolyte by gelling it with polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and gaining a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). In this study, a GPE based on PEO and glycerol is investigated for the first time as electrolyte for environmentally friendly DSSCs with natural dyes. To evaluate the novel glycerol/PEO GPE, the ionic conductivity and resulting efficiency progressions of DSSCs were measured for 75 days. Different molecular weights (MWs) of PEO and blending with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) had negligible impact on efficiencies. 17 wt% PEO was found to be more suitable than lower concentrations and resulted in a relatively high efficiency over 75 days. A glycerol electrolyte without PEO had higher ionic conductivity and achieved higher efficiencies as well but leaked from the unsealed DSSCs. In addition, the reproducibility was examined especially, which appeared to be reduced by considerable differences between identical DSSCs and between measurements of the same DSSC at different times. This emphasizes the relevance of studying multiple DSSC per sample to ensure reliable results.
Heterogeneous Deformation Behavior of Cu-Ni-Si Alloy by Micro-Size Compression Testing
Authors: Yanagida Sari , Nagoshi Takashi , Araki Akiyoshi , Chang Tso-Fu Mark , Chen Chun-Yi , Kobayashi Equo , Umise Akira , Hosoda Hideki , Sato Tatsuo , Sone Masato
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate a characteristic deformation behavior of a precipitation strengthening-type Cu-Ni-Si alloy (Cu-2.4Ni-0.51Si-9.3Zn-0.15Sn-0.13Mg) by microcompression specimens. Three micropillars with a square cross-section of 20 × 20 × 40 μm3 were fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) micromachining apparatus and tested by a machine specially designed for microsized specimens. The three pillars were deformed complicatedly and showed different yield strengths depending on the crystal orientation. The micromechanical tests revealed work hardening by the precipitation clearly. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis of a deformed specimen showed a gradual rotation of grain axis at the grain boundaries after the compression test.
Impact of Feature Choice on Machine Learning Classification of Fractional Anomalous Diffusion
Authors: Loch-Olszewska Hanna , Szwabiński Janusz
Published: December 2020

The growing interest in machine learning methods has raised the need for a careful study of their application to the experimental single-particle tracking data. In this paper, we present the differences in the classification of the fractional anomalous diffusion trajectories that arise from the selection of the features used in random forest and gradient boosting algorithms. Comparing two recently used sets of human-engineered attributes with a new one, which was tailor-made for the problem, we show the importance of a thoughtful choice of the features and parameters. We also analyse the influence of alterations of synthetic training data set on the classification results. The trained classifiers are tested on real trajectories of G proteins and their receptors on a plasma membrane.
Emerging Complexity in Distributed Intelligent Systems
Authors: Guleva Valentina , Shikov Egor , Bochenina Klavdiya , Kovalchuk Sergey , Alodjants Alexander , Boukhanovsky Alexander
Published: December 2020

Distributed intelligent systems (DIS) appear where natural intelligence agents (humans) and artificial intelligence agents (algorithms) interact, exchanging data and decisions and learning how to evolve toward a better quality of solutions. The networked dynamics of distributed natural and artificial intelligence agents leads to emerging complexity different from the ones observed before. In this study, we review and systematize different approaches in the distributed intelligence field, including the quantum domain. A definition and mathematical model of DIS (as a new class of systems) and its components, including a general model of DIS dynamics, are introduced. In particular, the suggested new model of DIS contains both natural (humans) and artificial (computer programs, chatbots, etc.) intelligence agents, which take into account their interactions and communications. We present the case study of domain-oriented DIS based on different agents’ classes and show that DIS dynamics shows complexity effects observed in other well-studied complex systems. We examine our model by means of the platform of personal self-adaptive educational assistants (avatars), especially designed in our University. Avatars interact with each other and with their owners. Our experiment allows finding an answer to the vital question: How quickly will DIS adapt to owners’ preferences so that they are satisfied? We introduce and examine in detail learning time as a function of network topology. We have shown that DIS has an intrinsic source of complexity that needs to be addressed while developing predictable and trustworthy systems of natural and artificial intelligence agents. Remarkably, our research and findings promoted the improvement of the educational process at our university in the presence of COVID-19 pandemic conditions.
Real-Time Monitoring of the Thermal Effect for the Redox Flow Battery by an Infrared Thermal Imaging Technology
Authors: Huang Shu-Ling , Li Chi-Ping , Chang Chia-Chin , Tseng Chen-Chen , Wang Ming-Wei , Chen Mei-Ling
Published: December 2020

In this study, a new monitoring method was developed, titled infrared thermal imaging technology, which can effectively evaluate the thermal effect of the charge-discharge test in the vanadium/iodine redox flow battery (V/I RFB). The results show that the all-vanadium redox flow battery (all-V RFB) has a greater molar reaction Gibbs free energy change than that of the V/I RFB, representing a large thermal effect of the all-V RFB than the V/I RFB. The charge-discharge parameters, flow rate and current density, are important factors for inducing the thermal effect, because of the concentration polarization and the ohmic resistor. The new membrane (HS-SO3H) shows a high ion exchange capacity and a good ions crossover inhibitory for the V/I RFB system, and has a high coulomb efficiency that reaches 96%. The voltage efficiency was enhanced from 61% to 86% using the C-TiO2-Pd composite electrode as a cathode with the serpentine-type flow field for the V/I RFB. By adopting the high-resolution images of an infrared thermal imaging technology with the function of the temperature profile data, it is useful to evaluate the key components’ performance of the V/I RFB, and is a favorable candidate in the developing of the redox flow battery system.
Improvement of Strength Parameters of Cement Matrix with the Addition of Siliceous Fly Ash by Using Nanometric C-S-H Seeds
Authors: Szostak Bartosz , Golewski Grzegorz Ludwik
Published: December 2020

Modification of a cement matrix using additives and admixtures has been a common practice for many years. The use of some mineral additives as substitutes for the cement, e.g., the siliceous fly ashes (FAs), has a positive effect on reducing the energy used in cement production. On the other hand, such activities may have negative effects due to the lowering of strength parameters of composites in early stages of curing. In order to solve this problem, over the last few years, thanks to the patented "seedings" technology, a branch of industry connected with the production of admixtures that accelerate the binding process has developed significantly. Therefore, the paper presents the results of research aimed at analyzing the parameters of FA cement matrix with the nanoadmixture containing the nanometric C-S-H seeds (nanoadmixture (NA)). By using the modern NA, an attempt was made to neutralize the negative influence of the used industrial waste on the structure of the cement matrix in the early stages of its curing. The paper presents the results of strength tests for the FA cement pastes modified by NA in seven test periods, i.e., after 8, 12, 24 and 72 h, and 7, 14 and 28 days. Additionally, hydration heat tests were carried out on the analyzed material in the first 24 hours of curing.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Solar Thermal Systems Applied to Portuguese Dwellings
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cristina , Silva Angela , Teixeira José Carlos , Teixeira Senhorinha
Published: December 2020

Solar thermal systems have been widely used to increase energy efficiency in the building sector, since the use of renewable energy sources became one of the top priorities to meet environmental targets. The main objective of this study is the thermo-economic optimization of solar thermal systems for residential building applications, considering a multi-objective approach. The simulations were performed through a MatLab code by implementing an elitist variant of Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NASGA-II). The solar collection area and the linear loss coefficient as well as the tank storage volume were defined as decision variables. A two-dimensional Pareto front was obtained, considering as objective functions the minimization of the annualized investment cost and the maximization of the solar collection efficiency. Based on the best trade-off between both objectives and considering that the solar thermal systems can operate for a period of at least 15 years, the Pareto analysis led to the conclusion that a system with an annualized investment cost between 270 and 280 €/year allows reaching a collection efficiency of 60%. After the analysis of the optimal solution points, a configuration was selected to estimate the system total purchasing cost: a panel with a solar area of 4.17 m2 and with a linear coefficient loss of 3.684 W/m2.K; a storage volume of 0.275 m3; and a pump flow rate of 0.1364 m3/h. For this configuration, we estimated a total purchasing cost of 2545.0 €, whereas the solar collector and the storage tank are the most expensive components, representing a share of 42% and 43%, respectively. These results represent a specific cost of 610.3 €/m2 per solar collection area.
Competition in Power Generation: Ex-ante Analysis of Indonesia’s Electricity Market
Authors: Hakam Dzikri Firmansyah , Wiyono Sudarso Kaderi , Hariyanto Nanang
Published: December 2020

This research optimises the mix and structure of Generation Companies (GenCos) in the Sumatra power system, Indonesia. Market power, indicating the ability to raise prices profitably above the competitive level, tends to be a significant problem in the aftermath of electricity market restructuring. In the process of regulatory reform and the development of competitive electricity markets, it is desirable and practical to establish an efficient number of competitor GenCos. Simulations of a power system account for multi-plant mergers of GenCos subject to a regulatory measure of the Residual Supply Index and the influence of direct current load flow and the topology of the system. This study simulates the Sumatra power system in order to determine the following: optimal market structure, efficient GenCo generation mix, and the optimal number of competitive GenCos. Further, this study seeks to empirically optimise the electricity generation mix and electricity market structure of the Sumatra power system using DC load flow optimisation, market power index, and multi-plant monopoly analysis. The simulations include generation and transmission constraints to represent network constraints. This research is the first to analyse the Sumatra power system using imperfect (Cournot) competition modelling. Furthermore, this study is the first kind to optimise the mix and structure of the Sumatra generation power market. The guidelines and methodology in this research can be implemented in other countries characterised by a monopoly electricity utility company.
Branch and Bound Algorithm Based on Prediction Error of Metamodel for Computational Electromagnetics
Authors: El Bechari Reda , Brisset Stéphane , Clénet Stéphane , Guyomarch Frédéric , Mipo Jean Claude
Published: December 2020

Metamodels proved to be a very efficient strategy for optimizing expensive black-box models, e.g., Finite Element simulation for electromagnetic devices. It enables the reduction of the computational burden for optimization purposes. However, the conventional approach of using metamodels presents limitations such as the cost of metamodel fitting and infill criteria problem-solving. This paper proposes a new algorithm that combines metamodels with a branch and bound (B&B) strategy. However, the efficiency of the B&B algorithm relies on the estimation of the bounds; therefore, we investigated the prediction error given by metamodels to predict the bounds. This combination leads to high fidelity global solutions. We propose a comparison protocol to assess the approach’s performances with respect to those of other algorithms of different categories. Then, two electromagnetic optimization benchmarks are treated. This paper gives practical insights into algorithms that can be used when optimizing electromagnetic devices.
Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Points Based on Efficient Use of Chargers and Providing Private Charging Spaces
Authors: Dvořáček Lukáš , Horák Martin , Valentová Michaela , Knápek Jaroslav
Published: December 2020

Electric vehicles are a mobility innovation that can help significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. However, increasing numbers of electric vehicles require the construction of a dense charging infrastructure with a sufficient number of chargers. Based on the identified requirements for existing electric vehicle users and potential new customers, the paper proposes a charging point model for an urban area equipped with a local transformer station and a sufficient number of low-power chargers. In particular, the model focuses on efficient use of chargers throughout the day, considering private rental of chargers paid by residents in the evening. The model uses an optimization method that compares the non-covered fixed costs due to unsold electricity to nonresidents and the annualized costs of building an additional transformer. The proposed optimal charging point solution was tested in a case study using real data capturing users’ habits and their arrivals in and departures from the car park. As our model results show, the great benefit of a park-and-ride car park equipped with chargers consists of a simple increase in car park efficiency, ensuring sufficient numbers of private charging lots, optimizing operating costs, and supporting the development of electromobility.
Genetic Variants behind Cardiovascular Diseases and Dementia
Authors: Ho Wei-Min , Wu Yah-Yuan , Chen Yi-Chun
Published: December 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and dementia are the leading causes of disability and mortality. Genetic connections between cardiovascular risk factors and dementia have not been elucidated. We conducted a scoping review and pathway analysis to reveal the genetic associations underlying both CVDs and dementia. In the PubMed database, literature was searched using keywords associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and covert infarctions. Gene lists were extracted from these publications to identify shared genes and pathways for each group. This included high penetrance genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genome wide association studies. Most risk SNPs to both diabetes and dementia participate in the phospholipase C enzyme system and the downstream nositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol activities. Interestingly, AP-2 (TFAP2) transcription factor family and metabolism of vitamins and cofactors were associated with genetic variants that were shared by white matter hyperintensities and dementia, and by microbleeds and dementia. Variants shared by covert infarctions and dementia were related to VEGF ligand–receptor interactions and anti-inflammatory cytokine pathways. Our review sheds light on future investigations into the causative relationships behind CVDs and dementia, and can be a paradigm of the identification of dementia treatments.
Distribution of the Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome Type 1 Mutation (PLOD1 c.2032G>A) in Different Horse Breeds from Europe and the United States
Authors: Reiter Simone , Wallner Barbara , Brem Gottfried , Haring Elisabeth , Hoelzle Ludwig , Stefaniuk-Szmukier Monika , Długosz Bogusława , Piórkowska Katarzyna , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna , Malvick Julia , Penedo Maria Cecilia T. , Bellone Rebecca R.
Published: December 2020

Warmblood fragile foal syndrome (WFFS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a single nucleotide variant in the procollagen-lysine-2-oxoglutarate-5-dioxygenase 1 gene (PLOD1:c.2032G>A, p.Gly678Arg). Homozygosity for the PLOD1 variant causes an Ehler-Danlos-like syndrome, which has to date only been reported in warmblood breeds but the WFFS allele has been also detected in the Thoroughbred. To investigate the breed distribution of the WFFS allele, 4081 horses belonging to 38 different breeds were screened. In total, 4.9% of the horses representing 21 breeds carried the WFFS allele. The affected breeds were mainly warmbloods, with carrier frequency as high as 17% in the Hanoverian and Danish Warmblood. The WFFS allele was not detected in most non-warmblood breeds. Exceptions include WFFS carriers in the Thoroughbred (17/716), Haflinger (2/48), American Sport Pony (1/12), and Knabstrupper (3/46). The origin of the WFFS allele remains unknown. The Arabian breed and specifically the stallion Bairactar Or. Ar. (1813), whose offspring were reported to have a similar phenotype in the 19th century, were hypothesized as the origin. DNA from a museum sample of Bairactar Or. Ar. showed that he did not carry the mutated allele. This result, together with the genotypes of 302 Arabians, all homozygous for the reference allele, does not support an Arabian origin of the WFFS allele. Our extensive survey shows the WFFS allele to be of moderate frequency and concern in warmbloods and also in breeds where it may not be expected.
Analysis of Whole Transcriptome RNA-seq Data Reveals Many Alternative Splicing Events in Soybean Roots under Drought Stress Conditions
Authors: Song Li , Pan Zhenzhi , Chen Lin , Dai Yi , Wan Jinrong , Ye Heng , Nguyen Henry T. , Zhang Guozheng , Chen Huatao
Published: December 2020

Alternative splicing (AS) is a common post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that modulates gene expression to increase proteome diversity. Increasing evidence indicates that AS plays an important role in regulating plant stress responses. However, the mechanism by which AS coordinates with transcriptional regulation to regulate drought responses in soybean remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of AS events in soybean (Glycine max) roots grown under various drought conditions using the high-throughput RNA-sequencing method, identifying 385, 989, 1429, and 465 AS events that were significantly differentially spliced under very mild drought stress, mild drought stress, severe drought stress, and recovery after severe drought conditions, respectively. Among them, alternative 3′ splice sites and skipped exons were the major types of AS. Overall, 2120 genes that experienced significant AS regulation were identified from these drought-treated root samples. Gene Ontology term analysis indicated that the AS regulation of binding activity has vital roles in the drought response of soybean root. Notably, the genes encoding splicing regulatory factors in the spliceosome pathway and mRNA surveillance pathway were enriched according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Splicing regulatory factor-related genes in soybean root also responded to drought stress and were alternatively spliced under drought conditions. Taken together, our data suggest that drought-responsive AS acts as a direct or indirect mode to regulate drought response of soybean roots. With further in-depth research of the function and mechanism of AS in the process of abiotic stress, these results will provide a new strategy for enhancing stress tolerance of plants.
Transcriptional Regulation of CD40 Expression by 4 Ribosomal Proteins via a Functional SNP on a Disease-Associated CD40 Locus
Authors: Zou Meijuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jiang Danli , Zhao Yihan , Wu Ting , Gong Qiaoke , Su Hang , Wu Di , Moreland Larry , Li Gang
Published: December 2020

Previously, using FREP-MS, we identified a protein complex including eight proteins that specifically bind to the functional SNP (fSNP) rs6032664 at a CD40 locus associated with autoimmune diseases. Among these eight proteins, four are ribosomal proteins RPL26, RPL4, RPL8, and RPS9 that normally make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of protein translation. So far, no publication has shown these ribosomal proteins function as transcriptional regulators. In this work, we demonstrate that four ribosomal proteins: RPL26, RPL4, RPL8, and RPS9 are bona fide CD40 transcriptional regulators via binding to rs6032664. In addition, we show that suppression of CD40 expression by RPL26 RNAi knockdown inactivates NF-κB p65 by dephosphorylation via NF-κB signaling pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which further reduces the transcription of disease-associated risk genes such as STAT4, CD86, TRAF1 and ICAM1 as the direct targets of NF-κB p65. Based on these findings, a disease-associated risk gene transcriptional regulation network (TRN) is generated, in which decreased expression of, at least, RPL26 results in the downregulation of risk genes: STAT4, CD86, TRAF1 and ICAM1, as well as the two proinflammatory cytokines: IL1β and IL6 via CD40-induced NF-κB signaling. We believe that further characterization of this disease-associated TRN in the CD40-induced NF-κB signaling by identifying both the upstream and downstream regulators will potentially enable us to identify the best targets for drug development.
The Complete Genome of Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Derived from Plateau Yak Feces
Authors: Li Kun , Liu Juanjuan , Zeng Zhibo , Kulyar Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam , Wang Yaping , Li Aoyun , Bhutta Zeeshan Ahmad , Aqib Amjad Islam , Shahzad Muhammad , Li Jiakui , Qi Desheng
Published: December 2020

Probiotic bacteria are receiving increased attention due to the potential benefits to their hosts. Plateau yaks have resistance against diseases and stress, which is potentially related to their inner probiotics. To uncover the potential functional genes of yak probiotics, we sequenced the whole genome of Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei). The results showed that the genome length of L. sakei was 1.99 Mbp, with 1943 protein coding genes (21 rRNA, 65 tRNA, and 1 tmRNA). There were three plasmids found in this bacteria, with 88 protein coding genes. EggNOG annotation uncovered that the L. sakei genes were found to belong to J (translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis), L (replication, recombination, and repair), G (carbohydrate transport and metabolism), and K (transcription). GO annotation showed that most of the L. sakei genes were related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, localization, response to stimulus, and organization or biogenesis of cellular components. CAZy annotation found that there were 123 CAZys in the L. sakei genome, with glycosyl transferases and glycoside hydrolases. Our results revealed the genome characteristics of L. sakei, which may give insight into the future employment of this probiotic bacterium for its functional benefits.
A Summary of “Future Advances in Basin Modeling: Suggestions from Current Observations, Analyses and Simulations”
Authors: Cathles Lawrence , Fjeldskaar Willy
Published: December 2020

The objective of this volume differs from that of the usual review of current advances [...]
Gender Affirmation through Correct Pronoun Usage: Development and Validation of the Transgender Women’s Importance of Pronouns (TW-IP) Scale
Authors: Sevelius Jae M. , Chakravarty Deepalika , Dilworth Samantha E. , Rebchook Greg , Neilands Torsten B.
Published: December 2020

Social interactions where a person is addressed by their correct name and pronouns, consistent with their gender identity, are widely recognized as a basic and yet critical aspect of gender affirmation for transgender people. Informed by the Model of Gender Affirmation, we developed a self-report measure of the importance of social gender affirmation, the Transgender Women’s Importance of Pronouns (TW-IP) scale, which measures gender affirmation through the usage of correct pronoun by others. Data were from self-administered surveys in two independent samples of transgender women living with HIV in the US (N1 = 278; N2 = 369). Using exploratory factor analysis with data from Study 1 and confirmatory factor analysis with data from Study 2, we obtained a four-item scale with a single-factor structure and strong reliability (α = 0.95). We present evidence of TW-IP’s convergent and discriminant validity through its correlations with select mental health and HIV-related measures. Further, scores on TW-IP were linked in expected directions to several hypothesized mental health and HIV care outcomes, demonstrating its predictive validity. The resulting brief measure of importance of pronouns among transgender women shows strong psychometric properties. Validation evidence offers highly promising opportunities for use of the measure in clinical and research settings.
The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms
Authors: Kim Yeonwoo , Ritchie Lorrene , Landgraf Andrew , Hasson Rebecca E. , Colabianchi Natalie
Published: December 2020

Little is known about how the neighborhood social environment (e.g., safety, crime, traffic) impacts child physical activity. We examine the mechanism by which the neighborhood social environment is associated with child physical activity, moderated by individual-level cultural factors (e.g., language at home, immigrant generation) and mediated by neighborhood physical activity-related social norms (e.g., seeing walkers in the neighborhood). Data included 2749 non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children from the Healthy Communities Study. Multilevel regression was performed. The neighborhood social environment was not associated with physical activity in the full sample. However, Hispanic children speaking both English and Spanish and first- or second-generation Hispanic children engaged in more physical activity when the quality of the neighborhood social environment was higher (b = 1.60, p < 0.001 for Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish; b = 2.03, p < 0.01 for first-generation Hispanic children; b = 1.29, p < 0.01 for second-generation Hispanic children). Neighborhood physical activity-related social norms mediated the association between the neighborhood social environment and physical activity among Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish (b = 0.33, p < 0.001) and second-generation Hispanic children (b = 0.40, p < 0.001). Findings suggest heterogeneity in how neighborhood social environments impact physical activity by cultural factors. Health promotion programs may need to enhance neighborhood social environments to increase Hispanic children’s physical activity.
How Many Older Informal Caregivers Are There in Europe? Comparison of Estimates of Their Prevalence from Three European Surveys
Authors: Tur-Sinai Aviad , Teti Andrea , Rommel Alexander , Hlebec Valentina , Lamura Giovanni
Published: December 2020

Informal caregivers are people providing some type of unpaid, ongoing assistance to a person with a chronic illness or disability. Long-term care measures and policies cannot take place without taking into account the quantitatively crucial role played by informal caregivers. We use the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), and the Study on Health and Ageing in Europe (SHARE) to measure the prevalence of informal caregivers in the European population, and analyze associated socio-demographic factors. This rate ranges between about 13 percent in Portugal and Spain, and more than 22 percent in Luxembourg, Belgium, and Denmark. It declines in older age groups and, on average, is lower in men than in women in all countries studied, and lower among the poorly educated compared to those with higher levels of education. However, large variance was observed in the average share of informal caregivers for most countries between the three surveys. Our findings, estimated through the three surveys, reveal common trends, but also a series of disparities. Additional research will be needed to enable policy makers to access a richer and more harmonized body of data, allowing them to adopt truly evidence-based and targeted policies and interventions in this field.
Current Psychological Distress, Post-traumatic Stress, and Radiation Health Anxiety Remain High for Those Who Have Rebuilt Permanent Homes Following the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Authors: Orui Masatsugu , Nakayama Chihiro , Moriyama Nobuaki , Tsubokura Masaharu , Watanabe Kiyotaka , Nakayama Takeo , Sugita Minoru , Yasumura Seiji
Published: December 2020

Objective: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011 produced psychological reactions among evacuees. Despite the harsh situation, subsequently, there has been gradual progress in reconstruction, with more than half of the evacuees returning after the evacuation. Our hypothesis is that evacuee mental health will now be better due to new stable living conditions. This study aims to clarify the statuses of psychological distress, post-traumatic stress, and radiation health anxiety among evacuees who have rebuilt permanent homes after evacuation. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 1600 residents was conducted in 2020. As primary outcomes, the survey measured psychological distress (Kessler 6), post-traumatic stress (post-traumatic stress four-item checklist), and radiation health anxiety. The data are compared for residents who have rebuilt permanent home and those who did not evacuate. Results: In the co-variant analysis, the statuses of psychological distress (p < 0.001), post-traumatic stress (p < 0.001), and radiation health anxiety (p < 0.001) are found to still be high, with significant differences when compared to those who did not evacuate. These results are still at an equivalent level for the continuing evacuation. Conclusion: Our findings may indicate a necessity for continuing disaster-related mental health activities even though the living conditions have improved.
Gender Diverse Children and Adolescents in Italy: A Qualitative Study on Specialized Centers’ Model of Care and Network
Authors: Giovanardi Guido , Fortunato Alexandro , Mirabella Marta , Speranza Anna Maria , Lingiardi Vittorio
Published: December 2020

In recent years, Italy, similar to many other countries, has witnessed an increase in children and adolescents presenting gender incongruence. This trend has led to the development and implementation of specialized centers providing care and support for these youths and their families. The present study aimed at investigating the functioning of agencies specialized in working with transgender and gender non-conforming youths in the Italian territory. Professionals in these agencies were interviewed about their perspectives on their agency’s functioning, networks with other services, and work with trans* youths and their families. A semi-structured interview was developed and administered to professionals in specialized centers and associations dedicated to trans * youths, and deductive thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts. Eight professionals were interviewed: six working in specialized centers and two working in associations. The qualitative analyses of transcripts revealed four main themes, pertaining to service referrals, assessment protocols and intervention models, psychological support for youths and families, and agency shortcomings. The study explored the functioning of Italian agencies specialized in caring for transgender and gender non-conforming youths, from the perspective of professionals working in these agencies. While several positive aspects of the work emerged, the study highlighted a lack of uniformity across the Italian territory and the need for better networks between agencies and other medical professionals.
Human Health Risk Assessment by Dietary Intake and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Dechloran Plus from Selected Cities of Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Adeel , Hussain Syed Jabir , Raza Waseem , Tabinda Amtul Bari , Mehmood Andleeb , Li Jun , Zhang Gan , Azam Mudassar
Published: December 2020

A class of intractable bio accumulative halogenated compounds polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was studied. Specifically, PBDEs and dechloran plus (DP) contamination in wheat and the assaulted environment—agricultural soil and dust—from metropolitan cities of Pakistan was the focus. The exposure of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) to humans, their probable toxicological impact on health, source apportionment, and the spatial tendency of BFRs were studied. Chromatographic analysis was performed, and concentrations (ng g−1) of ΣPBDE and ΣDP in soil, dust, and cereal crops were estimated in a range from 0.63 to 31.70 n.d. to 6.32 and n.d. to 3.47, respectively, and 0.11 to 7.05, n.d. to 4.56 and 0.05 to 4.95, respectively. Data analysis of source apportionment reflected that the existence of solid and e-waste sites, long-range transport, urban and industrial fraction can be the potential source of PBDE and DP pollution. Moreover, potential hazardous risks to human health across the study area via the dietary intake of cereal foods were deemed trifling, and were gauged on the basis of existing toxicological data.
The Validity of an Updated Metabolic Power Algorithm Based upon di Prampero’s Theoretical Model in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Savoia Cristian , Padulo Johnny , Colli Roberto , Marra Emanuele , McRobert Allistair , Chester Neil , Azzone Vito , Pullinger Samuel A. , Doran Dominic A.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to update the metabolic power (MP) algorithm (PV˙O2, W·kg−1) related to the kinematics data (PGPS, W·kg−1) in a soccer-specific performance model. For this aim, seventeen professional (Serie A) male soccer players (V˙O2max 55.7 ± 3.4 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a 6 min run at 10.29 km·h−1 to determine linear-running energy cost (Cr). On a separate day, thirteen also performed an 8 min soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol. For both procedures, a portable Cosmed K4b2 gas-analyzer and GPS (10 Hz) was used to assess the energy cost above resting (C). From this aim, the MP was estimated through a newly derived C equation (PGPSn) and compared with both the commonly used (PGPSo) equation and direct measurement (PV˙O2). Both PGPSn and PGPSo correlated with PV˙O2 (r = 0.66, p < 0.05). Estimates of fixed bias were negligible (PGPSn = −0.80 W·kg−1 and PGPSo = −1.59 W·kg−1), and the bounds of the 95% CIs show that they were not statistically significant from 0. Proportional bias estimates were negligible (absolute differences from one being 0.03 W·kg−1 for PGPSn and 0.01 W·kg−1 for PGPSo) and not statistically significant as both 95% CIs span 1. All variables were distributed around the line of unity and resulted in an under- or overestimation of PGPSn, while PGPSo routinely underestimated MP across ranges. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed differences over MP conditions (F1,38 = 16.929 and p < 0.001). Following Bonferroni post hoc test significant differences regarding the MP between PGPSo and PV˙O2/PGPSn (p < 0.001) were established, while no differences were found between PV˙O2 and PGPSn (p = 0.853). The new approach showed it can help the coaches and the soccer trainers to better monitor external training load during the training seasons.
Fostering Refugee and Other Migrant Resilience through Empowerment, Pluralism, and Collaboration in Mental Health
Authors: Kassam Azaad , Magwood Olivia , Pottie Kevin
Published: December 2020

“Although the world is full of suffering, it is also full of the overcoming of it [...]
Promotion of Elementary School Students’ Health Literacy
Authors: Knisel Elke , Rupprich Helge , Wunram Annika , Bremer Markus , Desaive Christiane
Published: December 2020

Health literacy is an important outcome of the discussion of school-related health education and health promotion in the 21st century. Although the improvement of health literacy at an early age is increasingly recognized and few interventions show the development of children´s health literacy, still there is little research in this area. The purpose of the study was to examine the enhancement of health literacy among children in a physical activity-based program at elementary school. In total, 137 students aged 6–12 years participated in the program, which included health knowledge transfer in child-appropriate games and exercises. Participants´ health literacy was assessed using the HLS-Child-Q15-DE at the beginning and the end of the program. The instrument measures the access, understanding, appraisal and application of health-related information on a four-point Likert-type scale. As expected, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant increases in self-reported health literacy over time. The results show that the degree of change in health literacy was not associated with gender or age. The results suggest that the physical activity-based program has the potential to improve elementary school children´s health literacy, even though in a single group pilot study.
The Microbial Quality and Safety of Blenderised Enteral Nutrition Formula: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ojo Omorogieva , Adegboye Amanda Rodrigues Amorim , Ojo Osarhumwese Osaretin , Wang Xiaohua , Brooke Joanne
Published: December 2020

The use of blenderised enteral nutrition formula (ENF) is on the increase globally. However, concerns remain regarding the microbial quality and safety of blenderised ENF compared with standard recommendations and commercial ENF. Aim: This was a systematic review which sought to compare the microbial quality of blenderised ENF and commercial ENF and to evaluate the effect of storage time on blenderised ENF. Method: Four databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, PSYCInfo and Google scholar) were searched for relevant articles based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes framework. Results: Eleven studies which met the criteria were included in the systematic review. Two major areas were identified; Microbial Quality of Blenderised ENF versus Commercial ENF; and The Effect of Storage Time on Microbial Quality of Blenderised ENF. Overall, 72.7% of the studies showed microbial contamination in blenderised ENF compared with 57.1% of commercial ENF, and the storage time was another important factor in the rates of contamination. The extent of handling or manipulation of the enteral formula was critical in determining the level of contamination. Conclusion: Preparation techniques for blenderised ENF need to be established and caregivers taught how to prepare and administer it appropriately in order to reduce contamination. Further, well-designed studies are required, which compare the microbial quality of blenderised ENF using adequate handling techniques and commercial ENF.
Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005)
Authors: Zaganjor Ibrahim , Luben Thomas , Desrosiers Tania , Keil Alexander , Engel Lawrence , Michalski Adrian , Carmichael Suzan , Nembhard Wendy , Shaw Gary , Reefhuis Jennita , Yazdy Mahsa , Langlois Peter , Feldkamp Marcia , Romitti Paul , Olshan Andrew ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between 2nd and 3rd degree hypospadias and maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) using data from a large case-control study in the United States. Concentration estimates for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), the sum of the five most prevalent haloacetic acids (HAA5), and individual species of each were integrated with data on maternal behaviors related to water-use from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) to create three different exposure metrics: (1) household DBP concentrations; (2) estimates of DBP ingestion; (3) predicted uptake (i.e., internal dose) of trihalomethanes (THMs) via ingestion, showering, and bathing. The distribution of DBP exposure was categorized as follows: (Q1/referent) < 50%; (Q2) ≥ 50% to < 75%; and (Q3) ≥ 75%. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Generally, null associations were observed with increasing TTHM or HAA5 exposure. An increased risk was observed among women with household bromodichloromethane levels in the second quantile (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7); however, this association did not persist after the inclusion of individual-level water-use data. Findings from the present study do not support the hypothesis that maternal DBP exposures are related to the occurrence of hypospadias.