bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Series of Three Malaria Patients From Thailand Infected With the Simian Parasite, Plasmodium Cynomolgi
Authors: Sai-ngam Piyaporn , Pidtana Kingkan , Suida Preeyaporn , Poramathikul Kamonporn , Lertsethtakarn Paphavee , Kuntawunginn Worachet , Tadsaichol Sarayut , Arsanok Montri , Sornsakrin Siriporn , Chaisatit Chaiyaporn , Mathavarat Chaiyawat , Thaloengsok Sasikanya , Boonyarangka Parat , Thongpiam Chadin , Demons Samandra , Vesely Brian , Waters Norman C , Saejeng Aungkana , Wojnarski Mariusz , Tabprasit Sutchana , Kwanpichit Chokchai , Greisenbeck John S. , Spring Michele
Published: January 2022

BackgroundWhile human cases of simian malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, are now regularly recognized in Southeast Asia, infections with other species such as P. cynomolgi are still rare. There has been a handful of clinical cases described, all from Malaysia, and retrospective studies of archived blood samples in Thailand and Cambodia have discovered the presence P. cynomolgi in isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Case presentationIn Thailand, an ongoing malaria surveillance study enrolled two patients from Yala Province diagnosed with P. vivax by blood smear, but who were subsequently found to be negative by PCR. Expanded PCR testing of these isolates detected mono-infection with P. cynomolgi, the first time this has been reported in Thailand. Upon re-testing of 60 isolates collected from Yala, one other case was identified, a co-infection of P. cynomolgi and P. vivax. The clinical course for all three was relatively mild, with symptoms commonly seen in malaria: fever, chills and headaches. All infections were cured with a course of chloroquine and primaquine.ConclusionIn malaria-endemic areas with macaque populations, cases of simian malaria in humans are being reported at an increasing rate, although still comprise a very small percentage of total cases. P. cynomolgi and P. vivax are challenging to distinguish by blood smear; therefore, PCR can be employed when infections are suspected or as part of systematic malaria surveillance. As Thai MoPH policy schedules regular follow-up visits after each malaria infection, identifying those with P. cynomolgi will allow for monitoring of treatment efficacy, although at this time P. cynomolgi appears to have an uncomplicated clinical course and good response to commonly used antimalarials.
WITHDRAWN: The Effects of Dietary Gracilaria Corticata (Marine Macroalgae, Rhodophyta) Extraction on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Defence, Plasma and Mucosal Immune Components and Immune-related Gene Expressions in Goldfish, Carassius Auratus
Authors: Yumashev Alexei Valerievich , Doewes Rumi Iqbal , Shichiyakh Rustem Adamovich , ahmad Shadia Faris , Suksatan Wanich , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Najm Mazin A.A. , Jawad Mohammed Abed , Hoi Huynh Tan , Narimanizad Fariborz
Published: January 2022

The present study examined the effects of the hydro-alcoholic extraction of the red seaweed Gracilaria corticata (GCE), as food additive on growth, antioxidant defence and immunity in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Four experimental treatments in three replications were established and fed the experimental diets for 60 days. The groups were: a control (fish fed only a basal diet), GCE1: fish supplemented with 0.5 % GCE/kg diet, GCE2: fish supplemented with 1 % GCE/kg diet, GCE3: fish supplemented with 1.5 % GCE/kg diet. After feeding period, the antioxidant [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT)] and immune responses were evaluated. Dietary GCE had no effect on growth performance (P>0.01). The plasma immune responses including alternative complement (ACH50) and lysozyme activities elevated in fish supplemented with 1 % and 1.5 % GCE compared to those fed 0.5 % GCE and basal diet (P<0.01). The plasma and mucosal immunoglobulin (Ig) significantly elevated in all GCE supplemented fish (P<0.01). The plasma peroxidase activity significantly increased only in the fish receiving GCE at dietary level of 1.5 % GCE compared to control and those supplemented with 0.5 % and 1 % GCE (P<0.01). The mucosal lysozyme, protease activity and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in fish supplemented with 1 % GCE compared to other experimental diets (P<0.01). The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) showed significant increases in fish supplemented with 1 % and 1.5 % GCE (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of the immune-related genes, complement and lysozyme significantly elevated in the treatments of 1 % and 1.5 % GCE compared to other experimental diets (P<0.01). The results of this study revealed that the use of GCE as a food additive in the diet of goldfish diet can improve the fish immunity without negative impacts on growth.
Effect of Mucuna Pruriens Seeds Supplementation on Physiological, Hemato-Biochemical, Antioxidant, Thyroid, and Progesterone Profile of Beetal Does in Relation to Seasonal Stress
Authors: Jadhav Sameer Niwas , Nayyar Shashi , Honparkhe Mrigank , Singla Mandeep
Published: January 2022

A study was conducted to analyze the effect of raw Mucuna pruriens seed supplementation on the physiological adaptability of Beetal goat does to seasonal stress. Supplementation with raw Mucuna pruriens seed powder was done at lower level of 100 mg/kg bodyweight for 30 days to beetal does during winter and summer season. Blood samples were collected on 0, 15,30 and 45th day. Temperature humidity index was found higher (83.08±0.35) during the summer season, while relative humidity remained high (63.77±2.32) during the winter season. Data analysis by Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that compared to control, Mucuna pruriens supplementation in goats resulted in a significant decrease in heart rate during the summer season, increase in respiration rate in the winter season, decrease in overall glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation (MDA) level and increase in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total erythrocyte and leukocyte count, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels indicating positive anabolic effect. A significant increase in plasma progesterone in Mucuna pruriens supplemented does compare to control was observed during winter season. It may be concluded that supplementation of raw Mucuna pruriens at lower levels were found to be efficient nutraceutical supplement option for does feeding and has a positive effect on amelioration of seasonal stress & improvement in health and sustainability of Beetal does.
Risk Factors for Transaminase Elevation in Children with Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhai Yiman , Liu Wenjun
Published: January 2022

Objective: To study the risk factors of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis (EBV-IM) in children with elevated transaminase. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 533 children with EBV-IM who were hospitalized and diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2021. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT)> 40U/L or aspartate aminotransferase (AST)>40U/L was defined as elevated transaminase and divided into normal group and abnormal group based on that. Monofactor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of EBV-IM with the elevation of transaminase, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive ability of each indicator. Results: Of the 533 cases, 428 cases (80.3%) were in the transaminase elevation group，there were 277 cases(52.0%) of ALT elevation and 414 cases(77.7%) of AST elevation. The multifactor Logistic regression showed that the fever, age, γ-glutamyl transferase(GGT), atypical lymphocyte(ALYM), and albumin(ALB) were associated with elevated ALT (OR=0.351, 1.140, 1.053, 1.032, 0.912, All P<0.05) and age, GGT, ALYM, ALB predict the area under the ROC curve(AUC) of EBV-IM with ALT elevation were 0.665, 0.890, 0.579, 0.669,and GGT, mean platelet volume to platelet count(MPV/PLT%) were correlated with increased AST(OR=1.029, 1.220, all P<0.05 ) the AUC predicted GGT and MPV/PLT(%) for EBV-IM and AST increase were 0.715 and 0.623.Conclusion: With EBV-IM in children, Fever, age, GGT, ALYM, and ALB are risk factors for ALT elevation, and GGT, MPV/PLT(%) are risk factors for AST elevation.
Exploring Multi-Disciplinary Cancer Care for Immunotherapy-Related Dermatological Symptoms
Authors: Kruger Dikla , Samuels Noah , Lacey Judith , Keshet Yael , Gressel Orit , Dodiuk-Gad Roni , Shulman Katerina , Tapiro Yehudit , Golan Miri , Ben-Arye Eran
Published: January 2022

Context and objectives: The present study examined the perspectives of healthcare providers (HCPs) in designing a multi-disciplinary model of supportive cancer care for the relief of dermatology-related symptoms caused by immunotherapy. Methods: This qualitative study identified patients undergoing oncology therapy with MoAB, anti-HER2 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies among a cohort of patients referred to an integrative oncology (IO) consultation for symptom relief and improved quality of life (QoL). Case-studies with significant dermatology-related concerns were selected and presented to a panel of 6 HCPs trained in medical oncology, oncology nursing, family medicine, supportive cancer care and IO. HCP narratives were qualitatively analyzed and assessed using ATLAS.Ti software for systematic coding. Results: Of 924 patients referred to the IO consultation, 208 were treated with immunotherapy, from which 50 were selected for further evaluation. Of these, and 7 cases were presented to the HCP team which then identified treatment gaps requiring a multi-disciplinary approach. Qualitative analysis identified 3 major themes: a biophysical perspective; a psycho-social-spiritual perspective; and the implementation of integrated care. Discussion: There is a need for a multi-disciplinary approach when treating patients suffering from immunotherpay-related skin toxicities. HCP-reported themes highlight the need to identify patients where such an approach is warranted; conditions where a psycho-social-spiritual perspective should be considered in addition to the bio-physical approach; and considerations of who should be appointed as the patient’s case manager.
Analysis of Some Phytochemicals as Potential Anticancer Agents Targeting the Receptor Protein Associated With Cancer
Authors: Sen Rishabh , Ghosh Subarna , Datta Anindita
Published: January 2022

Cancerous growth is characterized as the uncontrolled multiplication and spread of the body's particular cells causing infection and addresses one of the greatest medical care issues for humanity and requests a proactive procedure for fix. Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. Plants are natural reservoirs of novel compounds and provide a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of cancer. Phytochemicals are viewed as appropriate possibility for anticancer medication advancements due to their pleiotropic activities on track occasions with numerous habits. These phytochemicals frequently act by means of regulating molecular pathways which are embroiled in development and dissemination of cancer. The particular strategies in cancer prevention involves tracking of anti-carcinogenic agents, carcinogen inactivation, repressing proliferation, induction of cell cycle capture and apoptosis; and regulating the immune system. Presently, research is in progress for search of novel phytochemicals having anti cancerous properties with minimum or zero side effects. Numerous phytochemicals and their determined analogs have been recognized as possible contender for anticancer treatment and the present review article sheds light on few of these phytocompounds.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Chinese Peanut Mini-Mini Core Collection and QTL Mapping for Aflatoxin Resistance
Authors: Ding Yingbin , Qiu Xike , Luo Huaiyong , Huang Li , Guo Jianbin , Yu Bolun , Sudini Hari , Pandey Manish , Kang Yanping , Liu Nian , Zhou Xiaojing , Chen Weigang , Chen Yuning , Wang Xin , Huai Dongxin , Yan Liying , Lei Yong , Jiang Huifang , Varshney Rajeev , Liu Kede , Liao Boshou
Published: January 2022

Background
Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus fungi has been a serious factor affecting food safety of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) because aflatoxins are highly harmful for human and animal health. As three mechanisms of resistance to aflatoxin in peanut including shell infection resistance, seed infection resistance and aflatoxin production resistance exist among naturally evolved germplasm stocks, it is highly crucial to pyramid these three resistances for promoting peanut industry development and protecting consumers’ health. However, less research effort has been made yet to investigate the differentiation and genetic relationship among the three resistances in diversified peanut germplasm collections.
Results
In this study, the Chinese peanut mini-mini core collection selected from a large basic collection was systematically evaluated for the three resistances against A. flavus for the first time. The research revealed a wide variation among the diversified peanut accessions for all the three resistances. Totally, 14 resistant accessions were identified, including three with shell infection resistance, seven with seed infection resistance and five with aflatoxin production resistance. A special accession, Zh.h1312, was identified with both seed infection and aflatoxin production resistance. Among the five botanic types of A. hypogaea, the var. vulgaris (Spanish type) belonging to subspecies fastigiata is the only one which possessed all the three resistances. There was no close correlation between shell infection resistance and other two resistances, while there was a significant positive correlation between seed infection and toxin production resistance. All the three resistances had a significant negative correlation with pod or seed size. A total of 16 SNPs/InDels associated with the three resistances were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Through comparative analysis, Zh.h1312 with seed infection resistance and aflatoxin production resistance was also revealed to possess all the resistance alleles of associated loci for seed infection index and aflatoxin content.
Conclusions
This study provided the first comprehensive understanding of differentiation of aflatoxin resistance in diversified peanut germplasm collection, and would further contribute to the genetic enhancement for resistance to aflatoxin contamination.
Ficolin-2 Plasma Levels Assesses Liver Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Giraudi Pablo José , Salvoza Noel , Bonazza Deborah , Saitta Carlo , Lombardo Daniele , Casagranda Biagio , de Manzini Nicolò , Pollicino Teresa , Raimondo Giovanni , Tiribelli Claudio , Palmisano Silvia , Rosso Natalia
Published: January 2022

Background & Aims: In the next 20 years, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is expected to become the leading cause of liver transplantation. Fibrosis is the most important prognostic factor for liver-related outcomes and mortality, but the need for liver biopsy limits diagnosis. We assessed the performance of plasma ficolin-2 (FCN-2) as a biomarker of fibrosis. FCN-2 candidate was selected by an in silico discovery strategy. Methods: We enrolled 235 morbidly obese (MO) subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD stratified by fibrosis stage (F0, n=44; F1, n=134; F2, n=46; F3/F4, n=11) and 40 cirrhotic patients as positive controls. The cohort was subdivided into discovery (n=76) and validation groups (n=159). The plasma level of FCN-2 and other biomarkers was determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results: Plasma level of FCN-2 correlated inversely with the stage of liver fibrosis (ρ = -0.49, p<0.0001), independently of steatosis (p=0.90), inflammation (p=0.57), and ballooning (p=0.59). In the global cohort, FCN-2 level decreased significantly in a stepwise fashion from F0/F1 (median 4753 ng/mL) to F2-F3-F4 (2760 ng/mL) and in cirrhotic subjects (1418 ng/mL). The diagnostic performance of FCN-2 in detecting F≥2 fibrosis was higher than that of other fibrosis indexes (APRI, FIB-4, NFS) (AUROC 0.82, 0.68, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively), sh o wing a substantially improved accuracy when combined with APRI score and HDL plasma values in a diagnostic index (FCNscore, AUROC 0.85). Conclusion: FCN-2 plasma level can accurately discriminate liver fibrosis status (minimal vs . moderate/advanced). Its inclusion in the diagnostic workup significantly improves the fibrosis diagnostic algorithms.
An Environmental Scan of Ontario’s Mental Health and Addiction Services Exclusive to LGBTQ2S+ Youth During COVID-19
Authors: Chaiton Michael , Billington Rebecca , Copeland Lani , Grey Luc , Abramovich Alex
Published: January 2022

Background: LGBTQ2S youth experience mental health disparities and higher rates of substance use when compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers yet also experience more barriers to access to services. The purpose of this environmental scan is to determine the types of mental health and substance use programs and services exclusive to LGBTQ2S youth in Ontario and how these services have changed during the pandemic. Methods: This environmental scan was conducted to identify existing programs and services in Ontario that offered exclusive mental health and addiction services to LGBTQ2S+ individuals aged 16-29, either by offering services to all or subgroups within the population. Results: In total, 113 organizations and 240 programs and services were identified as providing mental health and substance use services exclusively to LGBTQ2S+ youth. Four main themes were identified from the scan, including the distribution of services, types of services, methods of service delivery and program criteria. Adaptations for the COVID pandemic included cancelling in-person services, increasing online and telephone services, and expansion to province-wide from local availability. Conclusions: The findings from this scan highlight the importance of offering services that provide culturally inclusive care for LGBTQ2S+ youth, and these results can also be used by policy makers to inform policies. In particular, there was a lack of culturally-relevant clinical services for youth requiring greater intensity of treatment.
A Spectrum of Non-Traumatic Urological Emergencies in a Single Center in Tunisia: Ten Years Experience.
Authors: Moez Rahoui , Rami Boulma , Hassen Khouni
Published: January 2022

Background:Emergency department consultations are the most important in any hospital. Although nontraumatic urological emergencies are a common reason for hospitalization in a urological environment. The aim of our study was to present the epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of non-traumatic urological emergencies in our hospital for 10 years.Methods:This was a retrospective study of records of patients who presented with non-traumatic Urological emergencies to our institution, over a 10-year period (from January 2010 – December 2019). This study was done in the Department of Urology in the hospital of the Internal Security Forces La Marsa. The data extracted included; the demographic information, diagnosis, and the treatment offered. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Data were displayed using mean +/− standard deviation and percentages.Results:We registered 531 patients. The average age of our patients was 48.2 years (18 to 94 years). The sex ratio (M / F) was 2/1. These patients were over or equal to 50 years in 45.7% of cases. The most frequent conditions were acute urine retention (43%) and urogenital infections which together accounted for 18.4% of cases. The two other diagnoses the most retained were: obstructive lithiasis pyelonephritis in 11.9% (64 patients) including 12 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis, hyperalgesia renal colic in 5.9% of cases. Testicular torsion constituted the third commonest urological emergency seen, accounting for 3,36% (n = 18) of the cases. Gangrene of the external genitalia accounted for 1.9% of urologic emergencies, and priapism 1.3%. 138 patients were hospitalized in the urology unit for treatmentConclusion:The most common nontraumatic urological emergency was urine retention in the elderly. To our knowledge, this study is the first to detail the activity of non-traumatic urological emergencies in Tunisia, and it will certainly be the starting point for the establishment of a structure dedicated entirely to urological activity.
Throat Carriage rate, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Group A Streptococcus Among Healthy School Children in Jigjiga City, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Barsenga Shamil , Miteku Habtamu , Tesfa Tewodros , Shume Tadesse
Published: January 2022

Background: Group A Streptococcus has been recognized as an important human pathogen and it remains among the top ten causes of mortality from an infectious disease. Group A Streptococcus throat carriage plays an important role in the development of infection and transmission to contacts. In Ethiopia, there is little information about screening of children for Group A Streptococcus carriage.Objective: This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of throat carriage, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Group A Streptococus among healthy school children in Jigjiga city, Eastern Ethiopia from 12 April to 27 May 2021.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 healthy school children in ages ranging from 7 to 14 years. The throat sample was collected using a sterile cotton swab. Identification of Group A Streptococcus was done by colony characterstics, gram staining, catalase negativity, bactricin sensitivity and Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done on Muller-Hinton agar containing 5% sheep blood by modiﬁed Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data on socio-demographic and related characteristics were gathered through interviews using a questionnaire. The data were double-checked, coded, cleaned, and entered onto EpiData Version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 26.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between outcome and predictor variables. A p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of Group A Streptococcus carriage was 10.6% (95%CI; 8.1% - 13.7%). Children who live with a family member with a sore throat (AOR=2.51; 95%CI 1.09–5.73), children who live with a large family (AOR=4.64; 95% CI 1.53–14.1), and children who live with non-immediate families (AOR= 3.65; 95% CI 1.39 – 9.61), showed significant association with Group A Streptococcus carriage. Tetracycline resistance was shown to be high, while antimicrobial drugs such as penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin were found to be effective. Multi-drug resistance was found in 4.1 % of the isolates. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant throat carriage of Group A Streptococci/S. pyogenes in Jigjiga city school children. Family member with a sore throat, having a large family, and living with non-immediate families have all been identified as independent predictors of carriage prevalence. It is recommended that regular screening and surveillance should be conducted in schools.
High Speed Multi-Stage Drawing Process of Hot-Dip Galvanised Steel Wires
Authors: Suliga Maciej , Wartacz Radosław , Michalczyk Jacek
Published: January 2022

The production of steel wires with zinc coatings is an important branch of the drawing industry, as it allows for steel products to be obtained, characterised by both high mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. This paper presents unique tests into the production of galvanised steel wires in industrial conditions. The influence of the drawing parameters on the coat and properties, as well as residual stresses in steel wires, are discussed. It has been demonstrated that three phenomena occur during the wire-drawing process at high speeds: namely, zinc sticking to the surface of drawing drums, zinc coating grinding caused by a larger friction surface area between the tool and the material, combined with the detachment of the zinc coating in the calibrating part of the die until the wire breaks and the drawing process is interrupted. After drawing at high speeds (over 15 m/s), the wires are characterised by a thin coat and worse properties, as well as higher internal stresses.
Corrective exercises administered online vs at the workplace for pain and function in the office workers with upper crossed syndrome: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yaghoubitajani Zohreh , Gheitasi Mehdi , Bayattork Mohammad , Andersen Lars Louis
Published: January 2022

Objective
To evaluate the effects of online-supervised versus workplace corrective exercises on neck-shoulder pain (NSP), sick-leave, postural angles, workability, and electromyography (EMG) of interest muscles among the office workers with the upper crossed syndrome (UCS).
Methods
We performed a parallel-group randomized control trial at Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran. The office workers (n=36) were randomly assigned to online-supervised, workplace, and control groups (each: n= 12). The two intervention groups completed the exercise program for eight weeks, while the control group continued usual activities. Primary (NSP and sick-leave) and secondary outcomes (forward head posture, round shoulders, and round back angles), workability, EMG (upper, middle, lower trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and serratus anterior) were measured using visual analog scale (VAS), questionnaire, photogrammetry, and EMG, respectively. All measurements were performed at the baseline and an 8-week follow-up.
Results
In both intervention groups, paired t-tests results demonstrated significant differences in NSP, forward head posture, round shoulders, and round back, respectively. In the online-supervised, workability (physical and mental) improved, and upper trapezius and serratus anterior differed in Max., Ave., activation, offset timing changed in the upper trapezius, respectively. Using ANCOVA, the online-supervised group revealed significant differences, including NSP, postural angles, physical and mental workability, and upper trapezius muscle activation. The sick-leave and other variables were not the cases in all groups.
Conclusion
Online-supervised corrective exercise seems to improve a range of parameters related to work performance. These findings are highly applicable in light of the ongoing COVID pandemic; many workers have to work from home.
The Orphan Receptor GPR88 Controls Impulsivity and Is a Risk Factor for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Kieffer Brigitte , Hamida Sami Ben , Sengupta Sarojini , Clarke Emmie , McNicholas Michael , Moroncini Eleonara , Darcq Emmanuel , Ter-Stepanian Marina , Fortier Marie-Eve , Grizenko Natalie , Joober Ridha
Published: January 2022

The neural orphan G protein coupled receptor GPR88 is predominant in the striatum and cortex of both rodents and humans, and considered a potential target for brain disorders. Previous studies have shown multiple behavioral phenotypes in Gpr88 knockout mice, and human genetic studies have reported association with psychosis. Here we tested the possibility that GPR88 contributes to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In the mouse, we tested Gpr88 knockout mice in three behavioral paradigms, best translatable between rodents and humans, and found higher motor impulsivity and reduced attention together with the reported hyperactivity. Atomoxetine, a typical ADHD drug, reduced impulsivity in mutant mice. Conditional Gpr88 knockout mice in either D1R-type or D2R-type medium spiny neurons revealed distinct implications of the two receptor populations in waiting and stopping impulsivity. Thus, animal data demonstrate that deficient GPR88 activity causally promotes ADHD-like behaviors, and identify circuit mechanisms underlying GPR88-regulated impulsivity. In humans, we performed a family-based genetic study including 567 nuclear families with DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD. There was a minor association for SNP rs2036212 with diagnosis, treatment response and cognition. A stronger association was found for SNP rs2809817 upon patient stratification, suggesting that the T allele is a risk factor when prenatal stress is involved. Human data therefore identify GPR88 variants associated with the disease, and highlight a potential role of life trajectories to modulate GPR88 function. Overall, animal and human data concur to suggest that GPR88 signaling should be considered a key factor for diagnostic and treatment of ADHD.
Aging blood factors promote CD8+ T cell infiltration in the adult mouse brain
Authors: Olst Lynn van , Kamermans Alwin , Pol Susanne van der , Hulshof Lianne , Dijk Roland van , Vonk Danielle , Schouten Marijn , Witte Maarten , de Vries Helga , Middeldorp Jinte
Published: January 2022

Aging coincides with major changes in brain immunity that aid in a decline in neuronal function. Here, we postulate that systemic, pro-aging factors contribute to immunological changes that occur within the brain during aging. To investigate this hypothesis, we first characterized the immune landscape upon aging in 20-month-old mice using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and observed that memory T cells expanded in the circulation and that specifically effector CD8+ T cells expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells accumulated in the aged brain. Injections of plasma derived from 20-month-old mice into 5-month-old receiving mice decreased the frequency of splenic and circulating naïve T cells, increased memory CD8+ T cells and non-classical, patrolling monocytes in the spleen, and elevated levels of regulatory T cells and non-classical monocytes in the blood. Finally, we found an accumulation of CD8+ T cells within the brain parenchyma of plasma-treated mice, which coincided with expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a mediator of immune cell trafficking, on the brain vasculature and increased numbers of proliferating microglia. Taken together, our data highlight a role for CD8+ T cells in the aged brain and suggests involvement of age-associated systemic factors that mediate CD8+ T cell migration and expansion in the brain parenchyma.
Haemoparasites and Polyparasitism of Intestinal Helminths of Cattle Slaughtered in Abeokuta, Nigeria and Their Implications for One Health.
Authors: Dauda Oluwadamilare , Surakat Olabanji , Rufai Muhammed , Akande Foluke , Adeleke Monsuru , Akinde Sunday
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the prevalence of haemoparasites and polyparasitism of intestinal helminths amongst cattle slaughtered in two major abattoirs of Abeokuta metropolis and their implications for One Health. Blood and faecal samples were collected from 256 cattle of less than 2 and greater than 2 years of age. Blood samples were screened for PCV using haematocrit centrifuge technique and parasites were detected by microscopy using wet mount, buffy coat and stained thin smear. Helminth eggs and oocysts were detected using centrifugal sedimentation and centrifugal faecal flotation method. Results showed prevalence for Trypanosoma spp., Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. to be 8.3%, 27.34%, 20.7% and 0.39% respectively. For intestinal parasites, prevalence for Strongyle eggs was found to be 73.82%, Neoascaris vitulorum 0.8%, Fasciola spp. 10.15%, Moniezia spp. 4.3%, Eimeria oocyst 35.94% and Cryptosporidium oocyst was 1.17%. Total prevalence for coinfection of haemoparasite and intestinal helminths was 42.6%. Breed-specific prevalence for co-infection of haemoparasites and intestinal parasites showed 55.96%, 37.6% and 6.4% for White Fulani, Red Bororo and Sokoto Gudali respectively, which was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). With respect to sex, females had higher prevalence 92 (84.4%) of coinfection of haemoparasites and intestinal helminths than males 17 (15.6%), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). This study revealed a high prevalence of haemoparasites and intestinal parasites in cattle slaughtered in Abeokuta, Nigeria. The presence of Fasciola at the Lafenwa abattoir which is the major market for beef sourcing in Abeokuta shows that the public is at risk of potential outbreak of fascioliasis. With a clear understanding of the epidemiology of fascioliasis, this study therefore recommends strict compliance of meat inspection at abattoirs and the need for immediate operationalization and implementation of a sustainable Preventive One Health intervention in order to mitigate against potential outbreak in Abeokuta.
Non-sustainable of no-till agriculture for soil carbon storage increase
Authors: Cai Andong , Han Tianfu , Ren Tianjing , Sanderman Jonathan , Rui Yichao , Wang Bin , Smith Pete , Xu minggang , Li Yue
Published: January 2022

Improved management of agricultural soils plays a critical role in mitigating climate change and achieving the Agricultural Sustainable Development Goals.. We studied the temporal effects of the adoption of no-tillage (NT) management, often touted as an important carbon sequestration strategy, on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in surface and subsurface soil layers by performing a meta-analysis of 1061 pairs of published experimental data comparing NT and conventional tillage (CT). In the early years of adoption, NT increased surface (0-10 cm) SOC storage compared to CT but reduced it in deeper layers leading to a decrease of SOC in the entire soil profile. These NT-driven SOC losses diminished over time and the net change was approaching zero at 14 years. Our findings demonstrate that NT is not a “silver bullet” for drawing down atmospheric CO2 and regenerating the lost SOC in cropping soils globally and highlight the importance of long-term NT for the recovery of initial SOC losses.
BridgePRS: A powerful trans-ancestry Polygenic Risk Score method
Authors: Hoggart Clive , Choi Shing , Preuss Michael , O’Reilly Paul
Published: January 2022

Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) are mostly derived using European ancestry genomewide association study (GWAS) data, resulting in substantially lower predictive power in non-European samples. We present BridgePRS, a novel Bayesian PRS method that leverages trans-ancestry GWAS data and compare its performance with PRS-CSx across 19 UK Biobank (UKB) traits in African and South Asian ancestry individuals. Validation in the UKB and the independent Mount Sinai Biome Biobank demonstrates superior performance of BridgePRS.
Monitoring and Optimization of the Machining Process When Turning of AISI 316L Based on RSM-DF and ANN-NGSAII Approaches.
Authors: benkhelifa oussama , Nouioua Mourad , Cherfia Abdelhakim
Published: January 2022

Stainless steels have gained much attention to be one of the most widely used metallic due to their high mechanical properties, corrosion resistance in moderately corrosive environments and their ability to use in biomedical devices, food industry and implants in human body. However, owing to their low thermal conductivity and high ductility, these materials are classed as materials difficult to machine. Therefore, the object of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of cutting parameters such as cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (ap) on the machining outputs including surface roughness (Ra), cutting temperature (TC) and tool flank wear (VB) during dry turning of AISI 316L using coated carbide insert TP2501. The experiments were conducted according to Taguchi L27 orthogonal array parameter design, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been used. Statistical analysis revealed that the feed rate affected for surface roughness, depth of cut the dominant factor impacted for cutting temperature, and tool flank wear mainly influenced by Vc, f and ap, respectively. The prediction results obtained by ANN and RSM models showed a good agreement with experimental data. However, ANN models proved the capability to provide more accurate results compared to RSM models. According to optimization analysis based on desirability function (DF) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II), DF results were determined to acquire high machined part quality.
Structural Characterization, DFT Calculations, Metal Uptake, Fluorescence, Antimicrobial and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes with NNS Tridentate Schiff base Ligand
Authors: ali omyma , Nassar Doaa A. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Sayed Abeer S.S.
Published: January 2022

A new Schiff base ligand N2-((5-methylthiophen-2-yl) methylene) pyridine-2,6-diamine (L) was prepared by condensation of 5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and 2,6-diaminopyridine in ethanol in a molar ratio 1:1. The ligand and its complexes were characterized based on elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic moment, IR, MS, 1H NMR, solid reflectance, and thermal analysis (TG and DTG) techniques. The complexes were found to have the formulas [CoL(H2O) Cl2].H2O and [NiL(H2O)Cl2].2H2O. From FTIR spectral data, the coordination between the ligand L to the central metal ion was through its nitrogen of pyridyl and azomethine and sulfur of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde. The metal complexes were found to be nonelectrolyte. Octahedral geometries of the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were investigated from electronic and magnetic data. The kinetic analysis of the thermogravimetric data was performed by using the Coats-Redfern equation. The fluorescence properties of the ligand and its complexes in DMF were studied. The values of optical band gap energy (Eg) of the synthesized complexes suggested that these compounds could be used as semiconductors. The adsorption of Co2+ and Ni2+ in aqueous solutions on ligand under various conditions was studied. The maximum adsorption percentage of Co(II) and Ni(II) were found to be 68% and 65%, respectively. The Molecular docking studies were executed to consider the nature of binding and binding affinity of the synthesized compounds with the receptor of Bacillus subtilis (gram +ve bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram –ve bacteria) (PDB ID: 1fj4). The ligand and its complexes were tested as antimicrobial agents.
Sense of Coherence Moderates the Relationship between Social Capital and Oral Health‑Related Quality of Life in Schoolchildren: A 10-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Brondani Bruna , Emmanuelli Bruno , Tomazoni Fernanda , Vettore Mario Vianna , Ardenghi Thiago Machado
Published: January 2022

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the moderating effect of sense of coherence (SOC) on the relationship between social capital and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren.Methods: A cohort study was conducted in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, involving children aged 1-5 years at baseline who were reassessed after 10 years in adolescence (11-15 years-old). Social capital was assessed at baseline and follow-up through social networks and social trust. Sense of coherence scale (SOC-13) and the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14) were measured at 10-years follow-up. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and dental caries were also evaluated. Moderating effect of SOC on the relationship between social capital and OHRQoL was tested using multilevel adjusted Poisson regression analysis and simple slope test.Results: From the 639 subjects assessed at baseline, 429 were reassessed at follow-up (cohort retention rate 67.1%). Moderate and high levels of SOC demonstrated a moderating effect on the relationship between social capital and OHRQoL. Among individuals who presented low social capital at baseline and follow-up, those who had high SOC reported, respectively, an impact 64% and 70% lower on OHRQoL when compared to those with low SOC. The greatest margin effect was observed in individuals with low social capital and low SOC at follow-up (24.25; p<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SOC moderates the negative impact of low social capital on poor OHRQoL in schoolchildren.
WITHDRAWN: Non-Uniform Diffraction Pattern of Grating Experiments---Rotating Grating Around Three Axes (3)
Authors: peng hui
Published: January 2022

The orientation-dependence of the interference/diffraction patterns of the 1D-double slit, 2D-cross-double slit, 1D-grating and 2D-cross-grating experiments have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The universal phenomena of the curved, expanded, inclined and mirror-symmetric pattens were reported. However, the above experiments were limited to certain orientations, namely rotating the diaphragm/grating around either one axis or two axes. We show that, for certain orientations by rotating the grating around 3 axes, the spacings between adjacent diffraction orders are non-uniform. From the “starting order” to the “ending order”, the spacings between adjacent diffraction orders gradually increase. This extraordinary phenomenon challenges the existing theories.The above observed phenomena provide the comprehensive information to theoretical study of the double slit/grating experiments. We suggest that the complete mathematical model should contain three rotation angles as parameters and should be able to describe the phenomena of the non-uniform-spacing, curved, expanded, inclined and mirror-symmetric patterns consistently.
A catalogue of the higher plants of the Adhwani temperate forest and its fringe areas (western Himalaya, India)
Authors: Bagri Ajendra Sing , Singh Neeraj , Dhingra Gulshan Kumar , Tiwari Prabhawati
Published: January 2022

The present study deals with floristic inventory of higher plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms) at a biodiversity rich temperate forest area (Adhwani forest; 30º06′1″–30º06′7″ N and 78º72′3″ –78º72′6″ E; 1700–2200 m asl) in western Himalaya, India. A total of 477 species of flowering plants belonging to 105 families and 315 genera were recorded from the Adhwani forest and its fringe areas. The information on plant life form, flowering & fruiting, local elevational distribution, indigenous uses and availability status are provided. An account of the invasive and alien species occurring in the area is also provided. Gentiana cephalodes Edgew. (Gentianaceae) and Buddleja crispa Benth. (Buddlejaceae) revealed as new distribution record to the flora of district Garhwal. Asteraceae (47 species and 33 genera) was the dominant family followed by Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Ranunculaceae. Desmodium (9 species) was dominant genus in the study area followed by Crotolaria, Cyperus and Euphorbia (6 species each). The herbs dominate the life forms of the area with 317 species (66.45%) followed by shrubs (14.46%), trees (12.99%) and climbers (6.07%). The flora of the area represents 3 IUCN index species viz. Quercus lamellosa (NT), Quercus oblongata (NT), Ulmus wallichiana (VU) and 90 invasive alien species. The presented catalogue with comprehensive information on of higher plants will be helpful to the plant scientists, planners and forest department for developing strategies and management of this biodiversity rich forest area.
What is the impact of Covid-19 on the Antenatal Care Services Utilization in Public-Private-Rural-Urban Hospitals of India during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period of 2020-2021 compared to pre-pandemic era 2018-2019?
Authors: Kumar Piyush
Published: January 2022

Background
The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is well documented to have a disastrous effect on the health-care services, particularly pregnancy-related health services. In order to provide the information to the scientific community and policy makers with accredited evidence and data in the country, this retrospective cross sectional mixed research study aims to find out the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antenatal services utilization among pregnant women of India attending public / private / rural / urban health facilities in 36 states and union territories. Hence, the researcher hopes that result and analysis will be beneficial to important stakeholders as well as policy makers in designing strategies for prioritizing pregnancy healthcare even within the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic period.
Methods
A facility-based retrospective mixed cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January 2018 to 31st May 2021 for pregnant women attending public / private / rural / urban ANC services in 36 states and union territories of India. A total of 96990524 women registered for ANC during this period across all health facilities were included in the study with a purposive sampling technique. The data required for this study is collected from HMIS of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) which is the most accredited data source in India. The total number of indicators included for the study was 20.The data collected is analysed with the help of Microsoft office.
Results
Overall, 96990524 women registered for ANC during the study period. The analysis shows that the covid-19 pandemic era has a negative impact on several indicators. The study revealed that there is significant increase in ANC service utilization at urban health facility of all the services as compared to pre-pandemic era on cumulative all India basis.
Conclusion
Enhancing women knowledge of protective health services, prioritizing maternal care related health services during ongoing COVID-19, and improving the accessibility of ANC service should be emphasized for getting maximum benefit to the neediest.
Performance Analysis of a Decode-and-forward based Mixed RF-FSO-VLC System
Authors: Deka Rima , Anees Sanya
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the performance analysis of a cooperative radio frequency-free space optical communication-visible-light-communication (RF- FSO - VLC ) system using decode-and-forward ( DF ) relays is presented. In the proposed model, the RF link acts as the core network, the FSO link is used for providing last mile connectivity for the indoor cell users communicating through VLC environment. The RF link is characterized by Nakagami - $m$ -distributed fading, while the FSO link undergoes Double Generalized Gamma ( DGG ) distributed atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors and the VLC link is characterized by the Lambertian pattern of the LED. The closed-form expressions of the statistical characteristics of signal-to-noise-ratio ( SNR ) of the DF based triple-hop system are evaluated using which various performance metrics, i.e, outage probability, bit error rate ( BER ), and capacity of the considered system are obtained. The numerical results show that the system's performance gets severely affected by the RF fading, atmospheric turbulence, and pointing errors. The outage performance of the system decreases as field-of-view ( FOV ) and the height of the light-emitting-diode (LED) increase. It is also seen from the results that the BER performance of the system is better in case of heterodyne detection as compared to direct-detection. It is also observed that the capacity of the system decreases when the effect of atmospheric turbulence and pointing error is high and it increases when the no. of LEDs increases.