bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Genuine Germenyl Lithiums and the First Persistent Germenyl Radicals
Authors: Goldshtein Yulia , Glagovsky Yuri , Tumanskii Boris , Fridman Natalia , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak
Published: April 2022

The first isolated genuine germenyl lithiums (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge(SiMetBu2)(Li⋅2 L) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi, L=THF (1 a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (1 b) and R3Si=tBuMe2Si, L=THF (2 a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (2 b)), were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding acyl germanes3and4, respectively, with tBu2MeSiLi in THF at 70 °C. The novel1 aand2 bwere characterized by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and also by X‐ray crystallography (r(C=Ge)=1.865 Å for1 aand 1.877 Å for2 b). Nucleophilic addition reaction of1 awith MeI and a C−H insertion reactions to the C=Ge bond of1 a,2 aand2 b, are reported. Oxidation of1 aand2 b(toluene, 230 K) produces the first persistent germenyl radicals (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge⋅‐(SiMetBu2) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi (13 a), R3Si=tBuMe2Si (13 b)), which were characterized by EPR spectroscopy (t1/2≈30 min at 230 K, g=2.029,aav(73Ge) is 55.0G for13 aand 60.2G for13 b). The experimental EPR parameters and DFT calculations indicate that13 aand13 bhave a strongly bent structure at Ge (calc. ∡(C=Ge−Si)=136.7° (13 a), 135.9° (13 b)), and that the unpaired electron has a substantial s‐character.
Effect of elbow angle and weight‐bearing on the evaluation of joint congruence in dogs
Authors: Alves‐Pimenta Sofia , Soares Sofia , Colaço Bruno , Ginja Mário Manuel
Published: April 2022

Joint congruence is relevant for the assessment of elbow dysplasia, a development disorder in dogs. However, quantification of its variation with joint angle and weight‐bearing, important factors in quadrupedal locomotion, is lacking. Our objective was to estimate those effects on the alignment of humeroradioulnar joint surfaces. The usual protocol for screening elbow dysplasia, including mediolateral extended and flexed elbow views, was preceded by a weight‐bearing lateromedial standing radiographic view, without sedation. Minimum distances were measured at established points of the humeroradioulnar joints classified with a Grade 0 dysplasia. Sixty elbows (30 Portuguese Pointer dogs) were studied. The joint space between the anconeal process and the ulnar trochlear notch increased with flexion, decreasing with weight‐bearing (p < .001). The distance between the humeral trochlea and the trochlear notch at the widest point increased with weight‐bearing, while it decreased with flexion. Step and distance between the radial head and the base of the medial coronoid process increased with flexion and decreased with weight‐bearing. At this point, physiological changes occurred at the humeroulnar joint space. The methodology allowed to quantify the variations on joint spaces with the elbow angle and weight‐bearing, important for the interpretation of congruence in diagnosis and treatment of dysplasia. Reference absolute and indexed values obtained allow future comparisons with other breeds and dysplastic dogs. Physiological variations denoted that radioulnar joint became more incongruent under flexion, and more congruent under weight‐bearing, while humeroulnar joint became more congruent under flexion, and more incongruent under weight‐bearing.
Influence of the urban canopy on the numerical simulation of the “720” rainstorm process in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhu Shanyou , Ping Fan
Published: April 2022

Based on high‐resolution underlying surface data and revised urban parameters, a heavy rainfall process that occurred on July 20, 2016 in Beijing was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, version 4.0 (WRF4.0). Sensitivity experiments by changing the land‐use type and terrain height, and coupling a slab urban canopy model (UCM) with modified parameters, were carried out to investigate the effects of the urban canopy on this rainstorm process in Beijing. The simulation results confirmed that the urban canopy of Beijing had significant impacts on the heavy rainfall, and its impacts on the rainfall could mainly be attributed to the internal structure and related processes of the urban canopy. The urban canopy increased the convergence of water vapor flux in the urban area, leading to strengthened rainfall in the urban area. In addition, employing the UCM also had an influence. The experiment uncoupled with the UCM suggested that the urban heat island effect of Beijing was relatively weak; its barrier effect of the urban canopy played a leading role that blocked and delayed the movement of rain bands, which divided the airflow and increased the amount of rainfall outside the urban area. The experiment coupled with the UCM took into account the parameters of building height, albedo, and anthropogenic heat, which helped improve the accuracy of rainfall simulation. Its urban heat island phenomenon was obvious, which benefited the convergence and upward movement of urban airflow and promoted the movement of the front and the total rainfall in the urban center.
Coevolutionary analysis reveals a distal amino acid residue pair affecting the catalytic activity of GH5 processive endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis BS‐5
Authors: Wu Mujunqi , Lv Kemin , Li Jiahuang , Wu Bin , He Bingfang
Published: April 2022

EG5C‐1, processive endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis, is a typical bifunctional cellulase with endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities. The engineering of processive endoglucanase focuses on the catalytic pocket or carbohydrate‐binding module tailoring based on sequence/structure information. Herein, a computational strategy was applied to identify the desired mutants in the enzyme molecule by evolutionary‐coupling analysis; subsequently, four residue pairs were selected as evolutionary mutational hotspots. Based on iterative‐saturation mutagenesis and subsequent enzymatic activity analysis, a superior mutant K51T/L93T has been identified away from the active center. This variant had increased specific activity from 4170 U/µmol of wild‐type (WT) to 5678 U/µmol towards carboxymethyl cellulose‐Na and an increase towards the substrate Avicel from 320 U/µmol in WT to 521 U/µmol. In addition, kinetic measurements suggested that superior mutant K51T/L93T had a high substrate affinity (Km) and a remarkable improvement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the K51T/L93T mutation altered the spatial conformation at the active site cleft, enhancing the interaction frequency between active site residues and substrate, and improving catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity. The current studies provided some perspectives on the effects of distal residue substitution, which might assist in the engineering of processive endoglucanase or other glycoside hydrolases.
Red Light‐Emitting Thermally‐Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Naphthalimide‐Phenoxazine Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dyad: Time‐Resolved Optical and Magnetic Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Zhang Xue , Liu Xiao , Taddei Maria , Bussotti Laura , Kurganskii Ivan , Li Minjie , Jiang Xiao , Xing Longjiang , Ji Shaomin , Huo Yanping , Zhao Jianzhang , Di Donato Mariangela , Wan Yan , Zhao Zujin , Fedin Matvey V.
Published: April 2022

We prepared an orthogonal compact electron‐donor (phenoxazine, PXZ)‐acceptor (naphthalimide, NI) dyad (NI‐PXZ), to study the photophysics of the thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which has a luminescence lifetime of 16.4 ns (99.2 %)/17.0 μs (0.80 %). A weak charge transfer (CT) absorption band was observed for the dyad, indicating non‐negligible electronic coupling between the donor and acceptor at the ground state. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows a fast charge separation (CS) (ca. 2.02∼2.72 ps), the majority of the singlet CS state is short‐lived, especially in polar solvents (τCR = 10.3 ps in acetonitrile, vs. 1.83 ns in toluene, 7.81 ns in n‐hexane). Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy detects a long‐lived transient species in n‐hexane, which is with a mixed triplet local excited state (3LE) and charge separated state (3CS), the lifetime is 15.4 μs. In polar solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile, a neat 3CS state was observed, whose lifetimes are 226 ns and 142 ns, respectively. Time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra indicate the existence of strongly spin exchanged 3LE/3CT states, with the effective zero field splitting (ZFS) |D| and |E| parameters of 1484 MHz and 109 MHz, respectively, much smaller than that of the native 3NI state (2475 and 135 MHz). It is rare but solid experimental evidence that a closely‐lying 3LE state is crucial for occurrence of TADF and this 3LE state is an essential intermediate state to facilitate reverse intersystem crossing in TADF systems.
Lipid A Mimetics Based on Unnatural Disaccharide Scaffold as Potent TLR4 Agonists for Prospective Immunotherapeutics and Adjuvants
Authors: Strobl Sebastian , Hofbauer Karin , Heine Holger , Zamyatina Alla
Published: April 2022

TLR4 is a key pattern recognition receptor that can sense pathogen‐ and danger‐ associated molecular patterns to activate the downstream signaling pathways which results in the upregulation of transcription factors and expression of interferons and cytokines to mediate protective pro‐inflammatory responses involved in immune defense. Bacterial lipid A is the primary TLR4 ligand with very complex, species‐specific, and barely predictable structure‐activity relationships. Given that therapeutic targeting of TLR4 is an emerging tool for management of a variety of human diseases, the development of novel TLR4 activating biomolecules other than lipid A is of vast importance. We report on design, chemical synthesis and immunobiology of novel glycan‐based lipid A‐mimicking molecules that can activate human and murine TLR4‐mediated signaling with picomolar affinity. Exploiting crystal structure ‐ based design we have created novel disaccharide lipid A mimetics (DLAMs) where the inherently flexible β(1→6)‐linked diglucosamine backbone of lipid A is exchanged with a conformationally restrained non‐reducing βGlcN(1↔1′)βGlcN scaffold. Excellent stereoselectivity in a challenging β,β‐1,1′ glycosylation was achieved by tuning the reactivities of donor and acceptor molecules using protective group manipulation strategy. Divergent streamlined synthesis of β,β‐1,1′‐linked diglucosamine‐derived glycolipids entailing multiple long‐chain (R)‐3‐ acyloxyacyl residues and up two three phosphate groups was developed. Specific 3D‐molecular shape and conformational rigidity of unnatural β,β‐1,1′‐linked diglucosamine combined with carefully optimized phosphorylation and acylation pattern ensured efficient induction of the TLR4‐mediated signaling in a species‐independent manner.
Gene‐level association analysis of ordinal traits with functional ordinal logistic regressions
Authors: Chiu Chi‐Yang , Wang Shuqi , Zhang Bingsong , Luo Yutong , Simpson Claire , Zhang Wei , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Agron Elvira , Chew Emily Y. , Zhang Jun , Xiong Momiao , Fan Ruzong
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we develop functional ordinal logistic regression (FOLR) models to perform gene‐based analysis of ordinal traits. In the proposed FOLR models, genetic variant data are viewed as stochastic functions of physical positions and the genetic effects are treated as a function of physical positions. The FOLR models are built upon functional data analysis which can be revised to analyze the ordinal traits and high dimension genetic data. The proposed methods are capable of dealing with dense genotype data which is usually encountered in analyzing the next‐generation sequencing data. The methods are flexible and can analyze three types of genetic data: (1) rare variants only, (2) common variants only, and (3) a combination of rare and common variants. Simulation studies show that the likelihood ratio test statistics of the FOLR models control type I errors well and have good power performance. The proposed methods achieve the goals of analyzing ordinal traits directly, reducing high dimensionality of dense genetic variants, being computationally manageable, facilitating model convergence, properly controlling type I errors, and maintaining high power levels. The FOLR models are applied to analyze Age‐Related Eye Disease Study data, in which two genes are found to strongly associate with four ordinal traits.
Teaching psychiatric pharmacogenomics effectively: Evaluation of a novel interprofessional online course
Authors: Ward Kristen M. , Taubman Danielle S. , Pasternak Amy L. , Burghardt Kyle J. , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Parikh Sagar V.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The application of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing to guide psychotropic use is increasing, but there is a lack of training opportunities for health care providers designed specifically around the unique issues impacting the use and interpretation of PGx in psychiatry. Furthermore, providing such education online greatly improves the accessibility of such training.

Objective

The objective was to design and evaluate a live online continuing education (CE) course on psychiatric PGx for health care providers.

Methods

A multidisciplinary team of experts in psychiatry, PGx, and medical education research designed a three‐session online course to discuss key psychiatric PGx topics ranging from fundamental background material, selecting a test, and interpreting and applying results. A deliberate design of the program was to offer the course three times, in order to allow successive improvements to each iteration. To evaluate the course, pre‐ and post‐surveys were developed with the intent of capturing change in the four Dixon levels of CE evaluation on attendee perceptions and opinions, knowledge and attitudes, and impact on clinical practice and patient outcomes.

Results

In the third course iteration, 32 health care providers registered. Among survey respondents, the course materials, speakers, organization, and online format were reviewed favorably by the majority of attendees. Perceived knowledge of PGx increased in every identified PGx topic domain and was largely reflected by improved knowledge assessment scores. A limited number of survey participants also indicated changes in clinical behavior and patient outcomes as a direct result of the material covered in this course.

Conclusions

Among survey respondents, this novel online PGx course proved effective at increasing provider understanding and confidence in key psychiatric PGx topic areas. It also demonstrated the viability of the online format, a vital characteristic to allow for future widespread dissemination.
Noncoding RNAs and their therapeutics in paclitaxel chemotherapy: Mechanisms of initiation, progression, and drug sensitivity
Authors: Mahabady Mahmood K. , Mirzaei Sepideh , Saebfar Hamidreza , Gholami Mohammad H. , Zabolian Amirhossein , Hushmandi Kiavash , Hashemi Farid , Tajik Fatemeh , Hashemi Mehrdad , Kumar Alan P. , Aref Amir R. , Zarrabi Ali , Khan Haroon , Hamblin Michael R. , Nuri Ertas Yavuz , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: April 2022

The identification of agents that can reverse drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy, and enhance the overall efficacy is of great interest. Paclitaxel (PTX) belongs to taxane family that exerts an antitumor effect by stabilizing microtubules and inhibiting cell cycle progression. However, PTX resistance often develops in tumors due to the overexpression of drug transporters and tumor‐promoting pathways. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are modulators of many processes in cancer cells, such as apoptosis, migration, differentiation, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we summarize the effects of ncRNAs on PTX chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can have opposite effects on PTX resistance (stimulation or inhibition) via influencing YES1, SK2, MRP1, and STAT3. Moreover, miRNAs modulate the growth and migration rates of tumor cells in regulating PTX efficacy. PIWI‐interacting RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and short‐hairpin RNAs are other members of ncRNAs regulating PTX sensitivity of cancer cells. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are similar to miRNAs and can modulate PTX resistance/sensitivity by their influence on miRNAs and drug efflux transport. The cytotoxicity of PTX against tumor cells can also be affected by circular RNAs (circRNAs) and limitation is that oncogenic circRNAs have been emphasized and experiments should also focus on onco‐suppressor circRNAs.
An internship in psychiatric genetic counseling: Impact on genetic counseling graduates' practice and career choices
Authors: Van den Adel Brianna , Inglis Angela , Austin Jehannine
Published: April 2022

Though psychiatric genetic counseling has been shown to have meaningful positive impacts on patient outcomes, there is currently only one specialist psychiatric genetic counseling clinic (located in Vancouver, BC). The service is inconsistently offered elsewhere, leaving this patient population largely underserved. In an effort to expand psychiatric genetic counseling, the clinic in Vancouver has been providing specialist internship training to genetic counseling students since 2012. This study explored the impact of the internship training on genetic counseling graduates’ careers. Using an interpretive description approach, we recorded and transcribed interviews with past interns. Coding and data analysis were conducted concurrently. The interview guide was iteratively revised through the interview process and memoing was used to record ideas about the data and interviews throughout. From interviews with 15 past interns, we generated a theoretical model—‘a fragile dream, easily broken’—describing the impact of the training on participants' careers. Completing an internship in psychiatric genetic counseling positively influenced participants’ desire to provide psychiatric genetic counseling; however, most were unable to find work in the subspecialty. Some participants made efforts to create specialist positions for themselves, but setbacks and hurdles left many feeling defeated, resulting in them accepting established roles in other disciplines. We contextualize our findings in a discussion of what may be needed in order to successfully expand psychiatric genetic counseling.
Highly efficient and diastereoselective construction of substituted pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary carbon center via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition
Authors: Wang Kai‐Kai , Li Yan‐Li , Shuai Xiao‐Qian , Chen Rongxiang , Sun Aili , Wang Zhan‐Yong
Published: April 2022

A general approach to substituted pyrrolidines via [3 + 2] cycloaddition between nonstabilized azomethine ylides and cyanosulfones was developed. The efficient method provides a series of substituted pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary carbon center in high yields (up to 98%) excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >25:1 dr) under ambient reaction conditions.
Open abdomen management（OAM）の合併症，予後に関する後ろ向き多施設共同研究(A retrospective, multicenter study of clinical outcome after management of the open abdomen)
Authors: (Yasuaki Mizushima) 水島 靖明 , (Naohisa Masunaga) 増永 直久 , (Yoshiaki Yoshikawa) 吉川 吉曉 , (Satoshi Fujimi) 藤見 聡 , (Yusuke Ito) 伊藤 裕介 , (Shinji Yamazoe) 山添 真志 , (Makoto Ono) 小野 真義 , (Naoki Shinyama) 晋山 直樹 , (Kazuyuki Oka) 岡 和幸 , (Yoshihito Ogawa) 小川 新史 , (Hitoshi Ikegawa) 池側 均 , (Takeshi Shimazu) 嶋津 岳士
Published: April 2022

【背景】Open abdomen management（OAM）は，重症外傷のみならず重症腹膜炎などの疾病患者にも応用され，OAMの適応は近年大きく拡大してきている。一時的閉腹法は種々の方法があるが，本邦における一時的閉腹法の治療戦略やOAMの筋膜閉鎖率，瘻孔形成などの合併症発生率，死亡率などについて，まとまった報告はない。【目的】OAMの現状を多施設で調査し，一時的閉腹方法や筋膜閉鎖率，死亡率を検討すること。【対象と方法】2012年4月から2014年3月までに，近畿8施設でOAMが行われた18歳以上の患者を対象とし，調査シートを用いた後ろ向き研究を行った。【結果】対象となった症例は99例であった。外傷が33例，疾病が66例であった。疾病では，腸管虚血，腹膜炎の適応が最も多かった。筋膜閉鎖は77例（77.8%）が可能であり，全体の死亡率は29.3%（n=29）であった。筋膜閉鎖可能症例と筋膜閉鎖不可能症例では，死亡率に有意な差を認めた（19.5% vs. 63.6%, p < 0.01）。また，一時的閉腹法は，全症例で局所陰圧療法が施行され，vacuum pack closure（VPC）が最多であった。筋膜閉鎖が3日以内で可能であった症例は51例であり，筋膜閉鎖不可能症例の5例（22.7%）で腸瘻を認めた。【結語】筋膜閉鎖不能症例は予後が不良であった。今回の検討では，VPCを用いた過去の報告と比較しても，高い筋膜閉鎖率が達成できていた。
食道静脈瘤破裂に対する内視鏡的静脈瘤結紮術に伴って生じた中大脳動脈領域空気塞栓の1例(A case of cerebral air emboli accompanied by endoscopic variceal ligation of ruptured esophageal varices)
Authors: (Tomoe Matsunaga) 松永 朋恵 , (Goro Tajima) 田島 吾郎 , (Yohei Tateishi) 立石 洋平 , (Masaaki Togo) 東郷 政明 , (Takuya Honda) 本田 琢也 , (Kazuhiko Nakao) 中尾 一彦 , (Osamu Tasaki) 田﨑 修
Published: April 2022

症例は68歳男性。他院で肝硬変の入院加療中に，食道静脈瘤からの吐血があり，ショックバイタルのため当院へ救急搬送となった。来院時，収縮期血圧60mmHg台と出血性ショックの状態であった。緊急輸血を行いながら施行した緊急上部消化管内視鏡検査（esophagogastroduodenoscopy：EGD）で食道静脈瘤からの噴出性出血を認め，内視鏡的静脈瘤結紮術（endoscopic variceal ligation：EVL）で止血を行った。処置直後より意識レベル低下，SpO2低下，右共同偏視を認め，EVL後の全身CTで下部食道周囲を中心としたfree airと右中大脳動脈領域への空気塞栓を認めた。経胸壁心臓超音波検査では卵円孔開存を確認できなかったが，経頭蓋ドプラ検査で右左シャントの所見があり，何らかの右左シャントを介して脳空気塞栓を起こしたと考えられた。
特発性脊髄硬膜外血腫の急性期診断と治療方針に関する臨床的検討(Emergency diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma)
Authors: (Kaori Ikegami) 池上 かおり , (Yukinori Inoue) 井ノ上 幸典 , (Mamoru Miyajima) 宮島 衛 , (Tosiharu Tanaka) 田中 敏春 , (Ken Kumagai) 熊谷 謙 , (Yasuo Hirose) 広瀬 保夫
Published: April 2022

【目的】特発性脊髄硬膜外血腫は，神経学的に緊急を要する比較的稀な疾患であり，救急現場で対応に苦慮することも多い。急性期の臨床的特徴を明らかにすることにより早期診断・治療の一助となることを目的とし，当院で経験した本症を急性期の臨床判断に焦点を当てて検討した。【対象】2007年1月から2012年10月までの期間に新潟市民病院に緊急入院となった特発性脊髄硬膜外血腫27例について後方視的に調査した。【結果】対象は年齢56～88歳（中央値70歳），男性12例，女性15例であった。全例で頸部や背部の急激な疼痛で発症していた。発症後ただちに当院救急外来を受診し来院時の血圧が確認できた9人のうち7名は血圧高値を示した。22例で疼痛発現後に運動麻痺を来したが，4例は神経症状を認めず疼痛のみであった。初療医によって遅延なく診断がなされたのは15例であった。全例MRIで確定診断され，血腫形成部位は頸椎が17例と最も多かった。治療については，重力に抗することができない高度の筋力低下を認めた15例は外科的治療を選択し，14例で麻痺の改善を認めた。改善を認めなかった1例は，手術までに12時間以上経過した術前完全麻痺の症例であった。【結語】突然の頸部もしくは背部痛を訴えた場合，明らかな運動麻痺を認めなくても，本疾患を念頭に置く必要がある。麻痺症状が高度である場合，早期に外科的治療を行うことで神経学的予後の改善が期待できる。
初療室でECMOを導入し，救命し得た重症多発外傷の2症例(Two case of polytrauma patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation introduced in ER)
Authors: (Keita Sato) 佐藤 啓太 , (Shigemasa Taguchi) 田口 茂正 , (Katsura Hayakawa) 早川 桂 , (Masashi Gokita) 五木田 昌士 , (Katsunobu Teshigahara) 勅使河原 勝伸 , (Kazuya Kiyota) 清田 和也
Published: April 2022

平成22年人口動態統計によると，外傷死亡者の傷病部位として胸部外傷は頭部外傷に次いで多い 。胸部外傷を伴う多発外傷患者が，大量輸液・輸血や凝固障害により，他部位の止血処置中に著しい低酸素血症に陥ることは，重症例では稀ではない。これまで，胸部外傷によるsecondary ARDSに対するextracorporeal membrane oxygenation（以下，ECMO）導入の報告は散見されるが，病院到着から数時間以内の超急性期に初療室でECMOを導入することで，良好な経過をたどった2症例を経験したため報告する。症例1は，重症肺挫傷に対する下葉切除中の低酸素血症，低換気に対して術中にECMOを導入した。症例2は，重症骨盤骨折，腸管損傷に肺挫傷を合併し，腹部骨盤手術中に喀血し呼吸不全に陥ったため，ECMO実施下に止血を行った。2症例とも肺実質内に造影剤の血管外漏出像を認め，さらに他部位に複数箇所の止血を要する多発外傷例であり，ECMO導入により止血まで十分な酸素化が得られた。外傷症例に対して，来院から数時間以内に初療室においてECMO導入を速やかに行い，呼吸を担保しつつ止血術を行うことで救命し得た。外傷は，止血が得られれば引き続く集学的治療で十分可逆的な病態もあるため，救命手段の一つとして初療室でのECMO導入は有用な可能性がある。
救急隊の特定行為が院外心肺停止症例に与える影響(The effect of prehospital advanced life support for patients with out–of–hospital cardiac arrests and an initial shockable rhythm)
Authors: (Keita Shibahashi) 柴橋 慶多 , (Naoki Takiguchi) 瀧口 直記 , (Kazuhiro Sugiyama) 杉山 和宏 , (Yuichi Hamabe) 濱邊 祐一
Published: April 2022

【目的】本研究は東京消防庁救急活動基準において院外心肺停止症例に対して医師の指示または助言のもとに行われる救急隊の処置（特定行為）が患者搬送や予後に及ぼす影響について調査することを目的に実施した。【方法】2011年4月から2016年3月の間に日本国内の単一高度救命救急センターに搬送された18歳以上の院外心肺停止症例のうち，初期心電図波形が除細動適応波形であった症例を特定行為実施の有無により群別化し傾向スコアマッチ解析を実施した。傾向スコアの作成には，性別，年齢，バイスタンダーによる心肺蘇生の有無，バイスタンダーによる自動体外式除細動器使用の有無，目撃の有無，覚知から現場到着までの時間，発生場所から病院までの距離を使用した。【結果】特定行為実施群は有意に搬送時間が長かった（31分 vs. 27分，P=0.0084）が，病院到着時自己心拍再開率（17% vs. 0%，P<0.001）および退院時生存率（24% vs. 9%，P=0.0080）は有意に高かった。機能予後には有意な差はなかった。【結語】特定行為により約4分の搬送遅延が生じていたが，病院到着時自己心拍再開率と退院時生存率は上昇していた。一方，特定行為による機能予後の改善は得られておらず，特定行為が機能予後に及ぼす影響と効果については今後さらなる検討を要する。
鈍的腎茎部損傷の治療法の変遷(Transition of treatment for blunt renal pedicle injury: through our 12 cases)
Authors: (Munefumi Kayo) 嘉陽 宗史 , (Yoshitaka Arakaki) 新垣 義孝 , (Yoshimitu Fukuzato) 福里 吉充 , (Toshiho Tengan) 天願 俊穂 , (Yusuke Yagihashi) 八木橋 祐亮
Published: April 2022

鈍的腎茎部損傷（以下，本症）は，多発外傷を伴うことが多く，迅速な治療の選択を迫られる。しかし治療法が確立しているわけではない。自験例を検討し，本症の治療法を考える。沖縄県立中部病院の33年間と，沖縄県立北部病院の27年間に経験した12例に対して，診療録を後方視的に検討した。男女比は男9例，女3例。年齢中央値は31歳（9–58）。受傷機転は交通外傷10例，木材による圧挫傷1例，転落1例。多発外傷は5例で，他臓器損傷は全例に認めた。治療は腎摘6例，再建4例，未治療2例であった。再建腎の腎機能回復例は，1例のみであった。未治療の1例に高血圧を発症した。血液透析を要する症例はなかった。死亡例は2例で，原因は大量出血による凝固障害と敗血症であった。本症の治療では，救命が最優先であり，そのための腎摘や未治療は，許容される。再建群では不完全閉塞型腎動脈損傷の1例に術後腎機能が回復した。完全閉塞型に対する再建の成功率は非常に低いと考える。
リフィーディング症候群を併発したMarchiafava–Bignami病の1例(Marchiafava–Bignami disease accompanied by refeeding syndrome: a case report)
Authors: (Shuhei Tada) 多田 周平 , (Takeaki Sato) 佐藤 武揚 , (Shigeki Kushimoto) 久志本 成樹
Published: April 2022

アルコール関連脳症であるMarchiafava–Bignami 病（以下MBD）を発症した患者に対して，permissive underfeedingにて厳密な栄養療法を施行したにもかかわらず，リフィーディング症候群（以下RFS）に伴い多臓器不全を来した症例を経験した。症例は40歳代の女性。既往にアルコール依存症があり，数日前からの発熱と意識障害を主訴に救急搬送された。頭部MRI拡散強調画像およびFLAIR画像で脳梁膨大部に限局した高信号域を認め，MBDと診断した。ビタミンB補充療法とともに，第1病日から6.6kcal/kg/dayに制限した経腸栄養を開始したが，血中無機リン濃度は徐々に低下した。第3病日にたこつぼ型心筋症から心原性ショック状態となり，肺水腫を呈した。以上の所見と乳酸値上昇や筋逸脱酵素上昇などからRFSと診断し，リン，カリウム，およびマグネシウムを補正しながら投与熱量制限による栄養管理を継続した。第17病日に人工呼吸器を離脱し，意識はほぼ清明となった。MBDは低栄養状態に発症することが多く，RFSと共通のリスクを有し，本症例では十分に注意した制限栄養投与にもかかわらずRFSを合併した。MBDを呈する患者は，RFSの超高リスクとして栄養管理と厳重なモニタリングが必要であることが示唆された。
Clostridium perfringensによるガス産生性肝膿瘍の1例(A case of gas–forming liver abscess caused by Clostridium perfringens)
Authors: (Ryuto Fukuda) 福田 隆人 , (Ikuo Ota) 太田 育夫 , (Megumi Ono) 小野 恵 , (Hironori Shigeoka) 重岡 宏典 , (Atsushi Hiraide) 平出 敦 , (Sadao Funai) 船井 貞往 , (Hitoshi Takahashi) 高橋 均
Published: April 2022

ガス産生性肝膿瘍は致死率の高い疾患である。起因菌はKlebsiella pneumoniaeが主体であるが, 稀にC. perfringensによるものがある。急性胆嚢炎に伴いC. perfringensによるガス産生性肝膿瘍を発症し, 敗血症となりDICを合併したが, 救命し得た1例を経験したので報告する。症例は83歳の男性で, 腹痛と発熱を主訴として受診した。来院時，白血球増多と肝逸脱酵素の上昇および黄疸を認めるとともに, 低酸素血症を認めた。線溶系も亢進しており，画像上は，胆嚢頚部に胆石嵌頓が疑われるとともに, 肝右葉に内部不均一なガスを伴う膿瘍形成を認め，門脈ガス血症も伴っていた。急性胆嚢炎に伴うガス産生性肝膿瘍と診断した。カルバペネム系の抗菌薬投与を含む全身的なケアを行い，第10病日に開腹下膿瘍ドレナージおよび胆嚢摘出術を施行した。術後は順調に経過し，第65病日に自宅退院となった。C. perfringensによるガス産生性肝膿瘍は, 高齢者に多くみられる非外傷性の深部組織の感染症で, しかも進行が早いことから救命が難しい病態である。しかし, 画像診断の活用が救急外来においてもさらに進むことにより, 早期に診断される例も増加すると考えられる。今後, 救命への手がかりが蓄積して系統的なアプローチが整備されることが期待される。
豪雨災害後にショックを呈して救急搬送されたレプトスピラ症の1例(Shock due to leptospirosis after a heavy rain disaster)
Authors: (Wataru Ito) 伊藤 渉 , (Hiroo Matsuo) 松尾 裕央 , (Ryoji Ubukata) 生方 綾史 , (Takayuki Yoshinaga) 吉永 孝之
Published: April 2022

レプトスピラ症は台風や洪水に関連した感染症であることが知られている 1)。また，抗菌薬投与によりJarisch–Herxheimer反応を呈することがあるため注意を要する 2)。症例は生来健康な48歳の男性。発症3日前から1日前まで，豪雨災害に対する消防団活動に参加した。第1病日，悪寒戦慄が出現した。第4病日，近医でアンピシリンを投与された。投与数時間後に意識状態が悪化し当院へ救急搬送された。Glasgow coma scale 8（E1V2M5），血圧71/48mmHg，心拍数84/分。眼球結膜充血と両下腿の色素沈着や痂皮形成を認めた。レプトスピラ症やリケッチア症を想定し，セフトリアキソンとミノサイクリンを開始してICUへ入室した。第5病日，呼吸循環動態は安定化し，第10病日，抗菌薬投与を終了して，第14病日，退院となった。血清PCRによりレプトスピラ症と確定診断した。搬送時のショック状態は前医での抗菌薬投与によるJarisch–Herxheimer反応と判断した。一見複雑な病態であるが，病歴と身体所見を手がかりに，水害を契機とした感染症としてレプトスピラ症を鑑別に挙げ，抗菌薬投与後の急変の原因としてJarisch–Herxheimer反応を想起することができ，初期対応時から適切に診療し得た1例であった。
V–A ECMO管理中にカニュレーション部位の血種形成に伴い送血管が血管内から逸脱したと推定された2例(Two cases considered to be the accidental removal of an arterial cannula caused by a subcutaneous hematoma around the cannulation site during veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)
Authors: (Kazuki Nagashima) 長嶋　 一樹 , (Osamu Akasaka) 赤坂　 理 , (Yu Ikeda) 池田　 優 , (Keisuke Sawai) 澤井　 啓介 , (Shintaro Hagiri) 羽切　 慎太郎 , (Makiko Nozaki) 野崎　 万希子 , (Hideaki Anan) 阿南　 英明
Published: April 2022

Veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（V–A ECMO）症例においてカニューラ関連の合併症の頻度は少なくない。我々はV–A ECMOを装着中にカニューラ関連の出血性合併症により心静止に至ったが救命できた2症例を経験したので報告する。症例1は難治性心室細動の47歳男性で，症例2は心原性および敗血症性ショックに伴う循環不全が進行した感染性心内膜炎の38歳女性。2症例ともV–A ECMOを装着中に送血管刺入部の腫脹と出血を生じた後，急速にV–A ECMOが維持できなくなり波形上心静止となった。送血管の血管内からの逸脱と考え，別ルートによるV–A ECMOの再確立後に腫脹側の動脈修復術を施行した。症例1は外腸骨動脈修復術のみで出血制御できたが，症例2は子宮動脈仮性瘤からの出血を伴っており，同部の経カテーテル的塞栓術を要した。送血管刺入部位の出血，腫脹を伴う出血性合併症は致死的になる可能性があり，その早期認知と対応は重要である。
Bandwidth improvement of differential‐fed patch antenna with out‐of‐band rejection using SISL technology
Authors: Aminu Sha'awanatu , Yan Ningning , Luo Yu , Ma Kaixue
Published: April 2022

A coupled differential‐fed patch antenna printed on the low‐cost FR‐4 substrate based on substrate integrated suspended line technique is proposed for wireless applications. A stacked patch is introduced on the top of the proposed antenna for bandwidth enhancement. Two symmetrical rectangular parasitic patches are placed close to the stacked patch to further enhance the bandwidth. Thus, the radiation null at the high band‐edge is generated, and 12.5% of the fractional bandwidth is obtained. The front‐to‐back ratio is greater than 18 dB at operating frequencies from 4.73 to 5.36 GHz. The measured boresight gain of the antenna is 10.8 dBi, and the radiation efficiency is 92%.
Pre-analysis of GNSS tomography solution using the concept of spread of model resolution matrix
Authors: Adavi Z. , Weber R. , Rohm W.
Published: April 2022

GNSS tropospheric tomography is one of the applications of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals which attracts more and more interest in the field of meteorology. This method can reconstruct the water vapour of the atmosphere, which has a considerable effect on weather forecasting and early warning systems of severe weather. In GNSS tomography, traditionally, a regular spaced 3D grid stretches from the GNSS network to the effective height of the troposphere in the area of interest. Therefore, this method can offer a permanent monitoring service for water vapour and wet refractivity fields at a low cost and a reasonable spatial resolution compared to conventional observations, like radiosonde and radio occultation profiles. Nevertheless, the quality of the reconstructed field is still one of the challenges in the GNSS tomography. In this research, we propose the concept of spread as a mathematical tool to provide a quality measure without using the reference field and calculating statistical measures likeRMSEandBias. Thereby, two synthetic and one real datasets (part of Germany and Czechia) covering overlapping periods between 29 May and 14 Jun of the year 2013 (DoY 149–165; DoY 160–165; DoY 160–165, 2013) have been tested to investigate the proposed method. According to the obtained results, the proposed tool shows a strong correlation (up to 0.81 for synthetic and 0.72 for real observations) with the standard deviation of the reconstructed wet refractivity with respect to the radiosonde profile reference. The correlation between spread and theBiasof the retrieved wet refractivity field is also significant. However, there is no clear picture depending on the applied spread computation models. Therefore, the spread of the resolution matrix can be used as a proxy for the accuracy of the tomography reconstruction field based on the quality of the observations, the initial field, and the design matrix.
Assessment of multiple mycotoxin exposure and its association with food consumption: a human biomonitoring study in a pregnant cohort in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kyei Nicholas N. A. , Cramer Benedikt , Humpf Hans-Ulrich , Degen Gisela H. , Ali Nurshad , Gabrysch Sabine
Published: April 2022

Aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) are mycotoxins that may contaminate diets, especially in low-income settings, with potentially severe health consequences. This study investigates the exposure of 439 pregnant women in rural Bangladesh to 35 mycotoxins and their corresponding health risks and links their exposure to certain foods and local stimulants. Overall, 447 first-morning urine samples were collected from pregnant women between July 2018 and November 2019. Mycotoxin biomarkers were quantified by DaS-HPLC–MS/MS. Urinary concentration of frequently occurring mycotoxins was used to estimate dietary mycotoxin exposure. Median regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the consumption of certain foods and local stimulants, and urinary concentration of frequently occurring mycotoxins. Only in 17 of 447 urine samples (4%) were none of the investigated mycotoxins detected. Biomarkers for six major mycotoxins (AFs, CIT, DON, FB1, OTA, and ZEN) were detected in the urine samples. OTA (95%), CIT (61%), and DON (6%) were most frequently detected, with multiple mycotoxins co-occurring in 281/447 (63%) of urine samples. Under the lowest exposure scenario, dietary exposure to OTA, CIT, and DON was of public health concern in 95%, 16%, and 1% of the pregnant women, respectively. Consumption of specific foods and local stimulants—betel nut, betel leaf, and chewing tobacco—were associated with OTA, CIT, and DON urine levels. In conclusion, exposure to multiple mycotoxins during early pregnancy is widespread in this rural community and represents a potential health risk for mothers and their offspring.
Convergent adaptive hybrid higher-order schemes for convex minimization
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Tran Ngoc Tien
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes two convergent adaptive mesh-refining algorithms for the hybrid high-order method in convex minimization problems with two-sided p-growth. Examples include the p-Laplacian, an optimal design problem in topology optimization, and the convexified double-well problem. The hybrid high-order method utilizes a gradient reconstruction in the space of piecewise Raviart–Thomas finite element functions without stabilization on triangulations into simplices or in the space of piecewise polynomials with stabilization on polytopal meshes. The main results imply the convergence of the energy and, under further convexity properties, of the approximations of the primal resp. dual variable. Numerical experiments illustrate an efficient approximation of singular minimizers and improved convergence rates for higher polynomial degrees. Computer simulations provide striking numerical evidence that an adopted adaptive HHO algorithm can overcome the Lavrentiev gap phenomenon even with empirical higher convergence rates.
Gaslieferungen aus Russland können kurzfristig nicht kompensiert werden
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Küper Malte , Schaefer Thilo
Published: April 2022

As Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues, more and more people are calling for a ban on Russian energy imports. The proponents argue that abstaining from importing billions worth of coal, oil and gas will further increase the pressure on the Kremlin. Critics, however, including German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, warn of what they believe to be incalculable consequences, with the gas supply being particularly at risk. This article outlines the different options for substituting Russian coal, oil, and especially gas and explains why the wait-and-see attitude of the German government towards a complete import ban is understandable.
A semiotic perspective on polysemy
Authors: Priss Uta
Published: April 2022

This paper extends Semiotic-Conceptual Analysis (SCA) to provide a means for comparing and evaluating semiotic relations (i.e. sets of signs) with respect to their ability of and efficiency of expressing conceptual structures. One contributing factor for efficiency is polysemy which refers to reusing representamens of signs in different contexts. Two different types of polysemy are identified: ambiguous polysemy which encodes a view from part signs to compound signs and simultaneous polysemy for analysing how compound signs simultaneously denote more than one meaning. Two detailed examples are included.
Dietary behavior and urinary gallic acid concentration differences among underserved elder racial and ethnic minorities in New York City
Authors: Zambrano Cristina N. , Lu Wenyue , Johnson Cicely , Beeber Maayan , Panitz April , Ibrahim Safa , Fraser Marilyn , Ma Grace X. , Navder Khursheed , Yeh Ming-Chin , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Diet and nutrition are important for cancer prevention. To investigate associations between dietary behavior, demographics, and risk of cancer, we assessed dietary behavior and urinary concentration of gallic acid, a polyphenol with anticancer properties found in various fruits and vegetables, in racial and ethnic minorities.

Methods

Ninety-one (91) participants were recruited from senior centers in East Harlem, New York City, a racially diverse and underserved community. A National Institute of Health (NIH)—validated dietary survey questionnaire—was used to collect dietary fruits and vegetables consumption data. Demographic and cancer information were also collected. All 91 participants completed the survey and forty-five (45) participants provided urine samples for gallic acid analysis.

Results

Gender differences were significantly associated with dietary behavior and urinary gallic acid concentration (UGAC). Female participants had a higher total daily intake of fruits and a significantly higher UGAC compared to male participants (p < 0.05). Age was negatively associated with the serving quantity of French fries/fried potatoes and white potatoes (p < 0.05), while positively associated with the daily intake frequency and daily intake of fruits (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Asian race was associated with higher daily intake frequencies of fruits and vegetable soup (p < 0.05), compared to other races. In a multivariate analysis, a significant association was observed between the serving quantities of fruits and other vegetables and UGAC (p < 0.05) after controlling for demographic characteristics.

Conclusion

The observed differences in dietary behavior and UGAC in this study provide limited information on the association between demographic differences and cancer prevalence in elder racial and ethnic minorities. Future research should investigate this association further for potential implications in cancer prevention.
Epistemo-ethical constraints on AI-human decision making for diagnostic purposes
Authors: Babushkina Dina , Votsis Athanasios
Published: April 2022

This paper approaches the interaction of a health professional with an AI system for diagnostic purposes as a hybrid decision making process and conceptualizes epistemo-ethical constraints on this process. We argue for the importance of the understanding of the underlying machine epistemology in order to raise awareness of and facilitate realistic expectations from AI as a decision support system, both among healthcare professionals and the potential benefiters (patients). Understanding the epistemic abilities and limitations of such systems is essential if we are to integrate AI into the decision making processes in a way that takes into account its applicability boundaries. This will help to mitigate potential harm due to misjudgments and, as a result, to raise the trust—understood here as a belief in reliability of—in the AI system. We aim at a minimal requirement for AI meta-explanation which should distinguish machine epistemic processes from similar processes in human epistemology in order to avoid confusion and error in judgment and application. An informed approach to the integration of AI systems into the decision making for diagnostic purposes is crucial given its high impact on health and well-being of patients.
Fabrication of Ploy (Meth Acrylamide)-Chitosan Nanoparticles Graft Copolymer Using Potassium Chromate/Mandelic Acid Redox Pair for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Mostafa Kh M.
Published: April 2022

Unreported graft copolymer of Meth Acrylamide (MAam) and our previously prepared and fully characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a starting substrate has been synthesized under nitrogen atmosphere using potassium chromate /mandelic acid as unique redox pair. This was done to see the impact of both CNPs with respect to well-dispersed nano sized particles, large surface areas, biodegradability and reactivity, MAam as highly reactive nitrogen containing monomer and the aforementioned novel redox pair with respect to a notable reduction in polymerization temperature for enhancing the graft yield %. The effect of reaction conditions on the graft yield % has been deliberated with respect to CNPs, MAam, potassium chromate, mandelic and sulphuric acids concentration in addition to polymerization time and temperature. The resultant copolymer has been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The results obtained reflect the following findings for the resultant copolymers in comparison with CNPs counterpart; (a) higher thermal stability (b) higher graft yield % obtained when [CNPs] 1.0 g, [potassium chromate] 100 mmol/l, [Mandeic acid], 80 mmol/l, [suphuric acid], 100 mmol/l, [MAam], 150% bows, reaction time, 120 min., and reaction temperature, 45 °C were used, (c) higher mercury ions scavenging activity and % removal when different dosage and extent of grafting of the copolymer are used up to the level required for industrial application, (d) recovered by washing the mercury ions from the complex with weak acid 1 N HNO3 (pH 2) and its metal-binding activity was slightly bargain by this process, and (e) a preliminary mechanism representing all occasions that occur during the polymerization reaction has been projected.
Experiences Related to Patients and Families’ Expression of Spiritual Needs or Spiritual Support Within Healthcare Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Connolly Michael , Timmins Fiona
Published: April 2022

The aim of this review was to explore the evidence surrounding patients and families’ expression of spirituality, spiritual needs or spiritual support within healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of nursing practice. While there is a plethora of research and publications related to COVID-19 and there are reports of increasing attention to nurses’ psychological distress, there is little understanding of experiences related to patients’ expression of spirituality, spiritual needs or spiritual support within healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted to search and select potential studies and undertake data extraction and synthesis. Twenty-one studies published between March 2020 and August 2021 were identified. Themes and subthemes that emerged from analysis of the studies included spiritual needs, new awareness of spiritual needs and spiritual interventions, chaplaincy referrals, and improved well-being. The potential requirement for spiritual care during these times has anecdotally never been greater. At the same time the existent ethical challenges persist, and nurses remain reticent about the topic of spirituality. This is evident from the clear lack of attention to this domain within the published nursing literature and a limited focus on spiritual care interventions or the experiences and spiritual needs of patients and their families. Greater attention is needed internationally to improve nurses’ competence to provide spiritual care and to develop and advance nursing and research practice in the field of spiritual care.
Rhizosphere models: their concepts and application to plant-soil ecosystems
Authors: Kuppe Christian W. , Schnepf Andrea , von Lieres Eric , Watt Michelle , Postma Johannes A.
Published: April 2022

Background

The rhizosphere is the influence-sphere of the root. It is a local ecosystem with complex functions that determine nutrient uptake, cycling of resources, and plant health. Mathematical models can quantitatively explain and help to understand rhizosphere complexity. To interpret model predictions and relevance of processes, we require understanding of the underlying concepts. Conceptualization of rhizosphere processes bridges mathematical modeling and experimental work and thus is key to understanding the rhizosphere.

Scope

We review concepts and assumptions foundational to the modeling of soil-plant-microorganism processes in the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere models are designed to simulate a plurality of components (solutes, substrates, and microorganisms). They specify components and interactions, drawing from the disciplines of soil science, botany, microbiology, and ecology. Solute transport models are applied to describe bioavailability in the rhizosphere. The root is typically a sink (e.g. nutrient uptake) or source (e.g. exudation) for one or more solutes. Microorganisms are usually described in time only, neglecting possible spatial movement. Interactions between components, e.g. chemical reactions and substrate-dependent bacterial growth rates, are usually described by coupling via reaction terms.

Conclusions

Rhizosphere models share concepts that we organized in a collective framework. This collective framework facilitates the development of new models. The interdisciplinary approach in which knowledge from soil ecology, botany, and soil physics are combined in rhizosphere models has proven fruitful for applications in plant and soil systems. We advocate multi-component-multi-interaction ecosystems around the root, with each component represented by an advection-diffusion-motility-reaction equation.
Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study
Authors: Lebedinski Lara , Perugini Cristiano , Vladisavljević Marko
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we investigate the child penalty in Russia using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and the methodological framework of event studies. We find that five years after childbirth, women suffer an earnings penalty, while no effect is observed for men. The mothers’ penalty stems exclusively from lower employment after childbirth. Contrary to similar studies on Western Europe and the US, we do not find penalties in terms of working hours or hourly wage rates for women who remain in the labour force. We further find that mothers’ employment penalty is strongly driven by household characteristics and by their spouses’ beliefs. Finally, we find that parenthood decreases the probability of working in supervisory positions for mothers and in the public sector for fathers.
Modeling the obsolescence of research literature in disciplinary journals through the age of their cited references
Authors: Dorta-González Pablo , Gómez-Déniz Emilio
Published: April 2022

There are different citation habits in the research fields that influence the obsolescence of the research literature. We analyze the distinctive obsolescence of research literature in disciplinary journals in eight scientific subfields based on cited references distribution, as a synchronous approach. We use both negative binomial (NB) and Poisson distributions to capture this obsolescence. The corpus being examined is published in 2019 and covers 22,559 papers citing 872,442 references. Moreover, three measures to analyze the tail of the distribution are proposed: (i) cited reference survival rate, (ii) cited reference mortality rate, and (iii) cited reference percentile. These measures are interesting because the tail of the distribution collects the behavior of the citations at the time when the document starts to get obsolete in the sense that it is little cited (used). As main conclusion, the differences observed in obsolescence are so important even between disciplinary journals in the same subfield, that it would be necessary to use some measure for the tail of the citation distribution, such as those proposed in this paper, when analyzing in an appropriate way the long time impact of a journal.
Narratives and mental health in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mendes Marcelo Simões
Published: April 2022

The rise in the flow of narratives is directly associated with technological advances in communication. In pandemic times, the narratives have produced profound consequences in many dimensions of human life, such as individuals' belief systems. Narratives operate as a background of the self's functioning and present substantial importance to personality development. On the other side, narratives can influence the functioning of the self's disorders. It occurs when narratives do not respect a hierarchical belief system in the individuals. The disrespect to the central beliefs that operate in the individuals' personalities often fosters a psychosomatic process that distances them from authentic contact with themselves. Consequently, it enhances mental suffering and psychic illness. The current paper aimed to discuss some intersections between narratives and states of psychic suffering.