bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compositions and Properties of Polymeric Concrete with Granulight Additive
Authors: Kapustin Fedor L. , Kapustin A.F.
Published: January 2020

The influence of the type and quantity of filler on the physico-mechanical properties of polymeric concrete is studied. Microcalcite MK-100 and aluminosilicate hollow microspheres “Granulight 3500” were used as fillers. The properties of the microspheres are determined. The compositions were selected and properties of polymeric concrete when using microspheres instead of micralcite and part of the aggregate (sand) as filler were determined. To preserve the workability of the concrete mixture it is recommended to use chloroparaffin CP-470A as a plasticizer. The optimal composition of polymer concrete with the required workability of the mixture and strength is proposed.
Mathematical Modeling of High-Energy Pressing Process of Graphite-Plastic Composition
Authors: Samodurova Marina N. , Ogarkov Nikolai N. , Platov Sergey I.
Published: January 2020

The process of pressing a graphite-plastic composition is modeled by using plasticity theory methods. We have thus obtained dependencies for computing the pressure necessary to fill the space between the hard particles with the soft component of this composition. The paper presents an estimation of the energy intensity of this process.
Synthesis of Ultra-Dispersed Spherical Composite Materials
Authors: Voznesenskaya Anna A. , Kireev Andrei , Ivashchenko A.I.
Published: January 2020

This paper describes a method of laser synthesis of titanium microspheres, titanium carbide and silicon oxide. The formation of microspheres is carried out under the action of femtosecond laser radiation on the surface of the sample. The analysis was carried out on a scanning electron microscope. The obtained titanium and titanium carbide microspheres have an average size of the main fraction of 1-3 μm and can be used in applications of additive technologies and powder metallurgy as the main raw material or as an alloying additive. The main fraction of silicon oxide granules lies in the range of 50-300 nm. To improve the efficiency of the particle output, a combined method of laser action and electric current is proposed.
Face Ceramic Brick of Soft Molding Based on Opoka-Like Raw Materials
Authors: Bozhko J. , Lapunova Kira , Postoi L.V.
Published: January 2020

This article reflects the results of a set of studies on obtaining a face ceramic brick of soft molding with the search for raw materials and the development of an optimal production technology. It proposed and formulated the basic requirements for opoka-like rocks for the production of various types of wall ceramic products. They include recommendations on the chemical composition and such physical, mechanical and technological properties as density in the piece, natural humidity, porosity, mineral composition, compressive strength of the baked samples, fire shrinkage, water absorption, average density, etc. We proposed the so-called "soft molding" as a production technology. It is based on the principle of filling individual forms with a ceramic mass that has a certain plasticity and binding capacity. The appearance of such a brick is characterized by the absence of smooth edges and sides and rounded corners. The sand used for spilling forms produces a special effect of velvety and old-looking brick. The conclusions based on the results of laboratory and technological research as well as factory tests revealed the great promise for using opoka-like rocks as a raw material for the production of face ceramic bricks of soft molding.
Fine-Grained Polymer-Cement Basalt Fibrous Concrete for 3D Printing
Authors: Poluektova Valentina Anatolyevna
Published: January 2020

The construction concrete printing requires new approaches at reinforcement performing. Only successful integration of the existing reinforcement systems will provide for the opportunity to design concrete structures and make objects with the help of additive technologies. The paper dwells upon the issues of possibilities and the efficiency of disperse reinforcement with basalt fibers. It presents a composition of a composite material for 3D printing of a type of fine-grained fibrous concretes with the required technological properties: a necessary plasticity and a high plastic strength for printing large-dimensioned items and structures without timbering by means of extrusion with a high material adhesion between the layers and controlled setting periods. The author studied a possibility to reclaim basalt fiber production wastes as a high-disperse fibrous filler for the reinforcement of polymer-modified concretes. The article provides the dependence of plastic strength on the fiber content in concrete. The authors consider the influence of components and the mechanism of modifying disperse particles of basalt fibrous concrete at obtaining the material for 3D printing. The obtained polymer-modified basal fibrous concrete has a good impact resistance, low water absorption and high crack resistance.
The Use of Water Treatment Petroleum Sludge in the Manufacture of Ceramic Products
Authors: Sverguzova S.V. , Sapronova Zh.A. , Valiev R.R.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of studies of the possibility of utilization of petroleum sludge, obtained during the purification of oil-water emulsions, using gabbro-diabase powder in the production of ceramic building products. The sludge is proposed to add to the clay mass as an entrained additive. The influence of the sludge additive mass on such physical and mechanical indicators of ceramic samples, as density, compressive strength, water absorption, air shrinkage and fire shrinkage, and density, is studied. Ceramic samples were prepared using natural clays, deposits Bessonovka (Belgorod region) and Podgornoye (Voronezh region). It is shown that the addition of 2% mass to the clay mass of the sludge leads to an increase in the compressive strength of the samples up to 90%, an air shrinkage of 1%, an increase in water absorption 1-2%. The value of the fire shrinkage remains unchanged. With an increase in the proportion of sludge additive to 7%, all indicators slightly change. Water absorption and air shrinkage increase, compressive strength, fire shrinkage and density decrease. However, further, when there is 7% of sludge in the clay mixture, the strength of ceramic samples corresponds to a grade not lower than 150, according to GOST 530-2012.
To the Question of an Experimental Assessment of the Fatigue Characteristics of a Transversal Metal-Composite Compound
Authors: Astahov Mikhail V. , Sorokina Irina I. , Slavkina Ekaterina V.
Published: January 2020

The possibilities of using composite materials for the modernization and repair of structures are considered. Based on a review of the sources of literature, it was concluded that the use of glue-pin combined connections is promising. For a combined transversal connection with one fastener, static and dynamic tests were performed on an Instron 1121 test bench. The loading was carried out with a normal force, pulling the fastener out the body of a polymer composite material. The analysis of experimental data is carried out, the fatigue curve is constructed.
The Use of Hard Alloy Waste in Composite Galvanic Coatings for the Restoration of Car Parts
Authors: Semenikhin Boris A. , Kuznetsova Lyubov P. , Kozlikin Vladimir I.
Published: January 2020

The results of the research of the use of powders based on tungsten carbide with a particle size of 1 μm or less, obtained by the method of electro-erosion dispersion from the waste of sintered hard alloys, as a dispersed phase of composite galvanic coatings based on iron during the restoration and hardening of car parts are presented. It is shown that the introduction powders of hard alloys of grades VK8 and T15K6 in the chloride electrolyte of iron plating with a concentration of 100 g/l and more, practically does not affect the micro-hardness, but allows to increase the relative wear resistance of the obtained composite galvanic coatings, compared to simple iron galvanic coatings, and, at the same time, increase the life of parts and reduce repair costs.
Improving Construction Engineering Properties of Soils Stabilized by a Cement Binder with Techno-Genic Products
Authors: Goncharova Margarita A. , Korneev Konstantin A. , Dedyaev German S.
Published: January 2020

The article considers the method of stabilizing roadbed soils by introducing metallurgical waste in the structure of the composite binder. It was established during the analysis and experimental research that construction engineering properties are improved as a result of the method. The article provides the obtained results of laboratory tests. The optimum amount of ground blast furnace slag as a component to replace part of Portland cement in a soil cement mix is determined. The dependence of strength gain on the hardening time at different proportions of the composite binder is given. The efficiency of the considered method of soil hardening is estimated.
Regulation of Electrical, Thermal and Physical Properties of Composites Based on Carbon-Modified Portland Cement Materials
Authors: Tikhomirova K.V. , Semeykin A.Yu.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses aspects of the production and use of composites based on carbon-filled cement matrices. It is shown that the main problem in the technology of such composites is the regulation of the processes of structure formation and uniform distribution of the electrically conductive phase throughout the volume, to ensure stable electrical characteristics of the material. A method for solving the problem of improving the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of carbon-filled Portland cement composites by regulating the surface properties of carbon fillers, in order to reduce their concentration in the composite and the content of the aqueous phase, is proposed. It is shown that the modification of the carbon filler surface using the water-repellent agent PMS-20 reduces the adhesion work at the interface, which makes it possible to reduce the concentration of the electrically conductive phase in the composite and improve its physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics.
Simple Universal Kelvin Equation Valid in Critical Point Vicinity, External-Internal State Correction, and their Application in Understanding of Oxygen Capillary Evaporation and Condensation in Mesoporous Silica MCM-41
Authors: Valeev Anton A. , Morozova Elena V.
Published: January 2020

A new simple universal form of the Kelvin equation, which can be used near the gas-liquid phase transition critical point, and the correction of the pressure and density for gas phase fluid outside the porous medium are taken into account for the oxygen meniscus effective curvature radius calculation at the phase equilibrium in mesoporous silica MCM-41, on the basis of the capillary evaporation and condensation experimental data.
Preparation of Poly-Substituted Crystals with M-Type Hexa-Ferrite Structure Using Melts of the BaO-PbO-SrO-CaO-ZnO-Fe2O3-Mn2O3-Al2O3 System
Authors: Zaitseva O.V. , Zhivulin Vladimir E. , Chernukha A.S.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the experimental study results of a multicomponent phase with M-type hexaferrite structure obtaining. The synthesis method of the BaO–PbO–SrO–CaO–ZnO–Fe2O3–Mn2O3–Al2O3 system melt was used. As a result of the study, microcrystalline octahedral and hexagonal phases were found in the crystallized sample. The hexagonal one, judging by the chemical composition, is a multicomponent phase with the structure of M-type hexaferrite (Ba/Sr/Ca) (Fe/Mn/Al)12O19, which is characterized (judging by the concentrations of the components) by rather high values of configurational mixing entropy. It was shown that lead is practically absent in the crystallized phase composition. The zinc content is unstable. Obviously, lead oxide in used experimental conditions, goes into the composition of the gas phase. The question of the possibility of using zinc as a component of the hexaferrite phase deserves further careful study.
Production of Foam Glass Materials from Silicate Raw Materials by Hydrate Mechanism
Authors: Goltsman Boris M. , Yatsenko Lyubov A. , Goltsman Natalia S.
Published: January 2020

The ways of external protection of oil pipelines, their advantages and disadvantages were described. A method for protecting pipes using foam glass products, based on local raw materials, was proposed. The powder technology of the batch preparation and the hydration mechanism of foaming through the interaction of alkali and silica were chosen for this study, based on the existing methods of foaming of silicate raw materials. Compositions of the batch were developed, their foaming was carried out in the temperature range, corresponding to the pyro-plastic state, the effectiveness of the additional introduction of foaming substances was analyzed. The macro-and microstructure of the specimen, as well as their phase composition, were studied. The optimal composition and optimum foaming temperature for the production of foam glass materials were selected.
Use of Natural Biopolymers to Create Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Makarova A.O. , Bogdanova L.R. , Zueva O.S.
Published: January 2020

Method of carbon nanotubes disaggregation with the help of protein material, gelatin, has been proposed which facilitate to disperse evenly nanotubes in hydrogels based on gelatin and polysaccharides (sodium alginate or κ-carrageenan). In the obtained composite hydrogels carbon nanotubes are located in the biopolymer matrix, i.e. being in biocompatible form without losing their unique properties. The removal of water from the pores of the hydrogel by means of freeze drying allowed to obtain materials having high porosity and with included carbon nanotubes. The produced hydrogels can be used to create eco-friendly composite materials for biomedical and technical purposes. Depending on the tasks the developed systems can also be used in the forms of xerogel (films), cryogel, aerogel, and even in the form of powder, containing carbon nanotubes.
Kurgan Clays in the Production of Ceramic Materials
Authors: Sapozhnikova M.A. , Pavlova Irina A.
Published: January 2020

The properties of overburden rocks in the extraction of dolomite in the form of red-burning clay from the Kurgan region are investigated to determine its suitability in the production of various types of ceramic materials and products. A full technological study of the clay raw material sample was carried out: the mineral, chemical, particle size composition, as well as plasticity, drying behavior, attitude to sintering, and mechanical strength after burning. It is examined how rheological characteristics affect the control of the technological process. The suitability of clay under consideration, both in majolica ceramics and ceramic bricks production, has been established. The technological parameters for the ceramic bricks production are developed.
About the Possibility of Recycling Water Treatment Sludge in the Wood–Cement Composites Production
Authors: Sapronova Zh.A. , Sverguzova S.V. , Svyatchenko A.V.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of recycling water treatment sludge in the production of wood-cement composites. Sludge is formed during the treatment of sewage, containing industrial machine oil, with a sorption material, based on thermally modified chestnut tree waste (CTW). It was found that the addition of sludge leads to an increase in the density of the samples. Thus, the samples without the addition of sludge have an average density of 860 kg/m3, samples with the addition of sludge in an amount of 10 mass% - 875 kg/m3, 20 mass% - 879 kg/m3, 30 mass% - 882 kg/m3, 42 mass % - 887 kg/m3. Studies of the change in water absorption of samples, depending on the amount of sludge added, showed that the values slightly decrease for samples containing sludge, what is explained by the presence of oil in the mixture. The compressive strength of the samples with the addition of sludge in the amount of 42 mass% was 3.1 MPa, what corresponds to the regulatory requirements for a wood cement composites.
The Influence of Temperature Testing on the Technical Data of Cementing Technology
Authors: Kruchinin Dmitry , Garayshina Liana , Farafontova Elena P.
Published: January 2020

The problematic issues connected with the optical details deformations that arise during the temperature tests of cemented assemblies are considered. Climatic tests of optical devices after assembly result in a change of technical product characteristics. The research problem is to define how N and ∆N of surfaces of cemented optical assemblies are changing after the temperature testing. The research objects are plane convex lenses fabricated of LK7 (LZOS) glass brand and plane concave lenses - of TF7 (LZOS). Before cementing, the bounded surfaces cleaning by the hydromechanical method in the clean room has been purged. The temperature testing of samples is held at 22, 50 and 65 °C. The effect of temperature on a surface deformation of cemented optical assemblies is experimentally established. The comparison of effect of optical cements OK72FT5 and OK72FT15 on the optical surfaces deformation is carried out. In this paper we have compared the results of shape accuracy of the external surfaces of optical assemblies and the flat surfaces. Interferograms of lenses after heat treatment of optical assemblies are presented. It is determined that the cement polymerization temperature equals or higher than the test temperature.
Improvement of Strength Parameters of Foam Ceramics for Energy-Efficient Enclosing Structures
Authors: Beregovoi Vitaly A. , Beregovoi A.M. , Lavrov I.Yu.
Published: January 2020

Studies of the influence of vibration impact on the strength of foam-ceramic raw material, produced on the basis of chemically modified natural silicites, are presented. The natural oscillation frequencies of mineral particles are established, taking into account their size, density and ultimate shear stress of raw suspensions. It is shown that the coincidence of the natural and forced oscillations of the particles leads to an increase in the thixotropic effect. Using the technology of a controlled «sol-gel» transition in the structure of raw material, swelling under the influence of vibration load, samples of the material were obtained with a higher-quality macrostructure without the use of binders. Indicators of compressive strength and average density of raw and ceramics are given.
The Influence of Cylindrical Specimen Size and Material Properties on the Distribution of Deformation during Torsion Test
Authors: Erpalov Mikhail
Published: January 2020

Torsion tests allow to study the rheological properties of various materials, including properties in hot state, as well as they allow to conduct physical simulations of real material forming processes, including processes of intensive and alternating deformation. However, it is often a question what size the specimen should have to perform torsion test accurately. The article aims to study the influence of cylindrical specimen size on the distribution of deformation during torsion test. For this purpose, computer simulation of the torsion testing process was performed. The influence of the relative length of the specimen gauge on the deviation of the actual values of the effective strain from the calculated values was quantified. It is shown that the error in the calculation of the effective strain, based on the values of the twist angle and the specimen gauge size, is of 4%. In order to verify the results obtained by computer simulation, the physical simulation was performed. It is shown that the distribution of deformation along the length of the specimen gauge is also significantly influenced by the accuracy of specimen manufacture, as well as the specimen material. In some cases, the error in the calculation of the effective strain, based on the values of the twist angle and the specimen gauge size, can reach more than 80%.
Hardenability and Wear Resistance of Carburized to Hypereutectic Concentrations Steels
Authors: Romanenko Dmitriy N. , Gorozhankin Victor V. , Nalimova Marina V.
Published: January 2020

In this article the experimental data of the hardness and wear resistance of chrome-manganese steels 35H3G2F and 35HGF, which are cemented in a highly active paste-like carburizer and hardened at various temperatures, are presented. Cementation and high temperature carbonitriding of these steels leads to a high content of the carbide phase in the diffuse layers and an increase of hardness and wear resistance. The effect of carbides on the hardenability of diffuse layers are investigated. The hardening temperature ranges of these steels and the effect of alloying elements on hardness are established. The mechanism of the phase formation of the highest hardness structures is described. The carbides influence on the wear mechanism of cemented in various modes steels is studied.
Verification of a New Torsion Test Method to Study the Rheological Properties of Materials in a Cold State
Authors: Pavlov Dmitry , Chernyh Veniamin
Published: January 2020

The most important parameter, characterizing the rheological properties of steels and alloys, is the strain resistance. The new method of testing cylindrical specimens for torsion with variable grip’s accelerations is proposed (application No. 2018132149 of 07.09.2018 for the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention). This method is designed to study the rheological properties of steels and alloys mainly in a hot state. However, this method is universal and can be used to determine strain resistance of materials in a cold state. The article is devoted to the applicability evaluation of the proposed torsion testing method, to study the rheological properties of materials in a cold state. It’s done on the basis of comparison of the hardening curves, obtained during the testing of specimens for tensile and torsion. The CrWMn steel was used. The results show that the hardening curves obtained during the torsion and tensile tests are close, and the yield stress values differ by about 3%. It can be assumed that the developed method of torsion testing allows to obtain reliable values of the material’s strain resistance in a cold state.
The Use of a Magnetic Suspension for the Crucibleless Metal Melting
Authors: Kim K. K. , Panychev Alexander , Blazhko Ludmila
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, the magnetic suspension is widely used in metallurgy for crucibleless melting of metals. We carry out the contactless suspension of metal under the inductor (a source of the high-frequency field), using the forces of interaction of the eddy currents, which are induced in the metal with a high-frequency magnetic field causing them. Besides, such a method of the suspension of metals allows to carry out simultaneously its heating and melting at the expense of the energy of the electromagnetic field of suspension
Computer-Simulation of the Billet Shape Change during Helical Piercing
Authors: Toporov Vladimir , Bogatov Aleksandr , Nukhov Danis Sh.
Published: January 2020

In this paper the task of the study of the deformation during helical piercing of the metal was set and solved with the use of the DEFORM-3D software. Methodology, that allows to calculate the length of helix lead along the deformation zone, as well as determine for each lead absolute and relative reduction, the width of the contact area and the metal strain refinement indicator was developed. Based on the developed methodology application the following variation regularities were established: helix lead length (li), quotient reduction (Δr/r0), ratio of the billet radius to the width of the contact area (r0/b), as well as the length of the billet contact surface (l0) with the roll in dependence of the feed angle (β), the roll number of revolutions (N) and the plug nose advancement over the gorge (Cg).
Study of Electromagnetic Effect Parameters Influence on Fluidity of Fine Nd-Fe-B Powder
Authors: Egorov Ivan N. , Egorov Nikolay Ya.
Published: January 2020

The paper experimentally proves the efficiency of electromagnetic effect on stimulated fluidity of magneto-hard powders. Fine Nd-Fe-B powder doesn’t have natural fluidity. To make it flow through hopper outlet we effected on the powder by constant and alternating gradient magnetic fields. Induction lines of constant magnetic field were horizontal, and alternating field lines were vertical. In order to form stimulated powder fluidity, higher induction gradient was situated below the powder receiver chamber. We experimentally found optimal magnetic fields parameters that form steady magneto fluidized bed from Nd-Fe-B powder, with an average particle size 1 μm. The study results of influence of magneto fluidized bed electromagnetic parameters on Ne-Fe-B powder efflux speed through outlets with diameters 1 and 2 mm are presented. Gradient field topology and parameters of electromagnetic effect providing minimal efflux time of 1000 mg of powder are defined.
The Peculiarities of Smelting of Wear-Resistant Cast Iron IChH28N2 in the Induction Crucible Furnace IChT10
Authors: Kukartsev Viktor Alekseevich , Kukartsev Vladislav Viktorovich , Tynchenko Vadim Sergeevich
Published: January 2020

Wear-resistant cast iron smelting is produced in electric arc furnaces, due to the use of steel scrap in metal charge, ferrochrome and refund if there is one. Scrap of cast iron with the necessary chemical composition is not present because the proportion of manufacturing parts from wear-resistant cast iron is very small. Thus, there is no opportunity to form castings of wear-resistant cast iron using foundries equipped only with induction crucible furnaces of industrial frequency (IChT), since the furnace is designed for melting temperatures not above 1500 °C. In addition, the lining of induction furnaces of industrial frequency is made of quartzite, which provides the necessary durability when operating at temperatures not above 1500 °C. The ability to manufacture blanks from wear-resistant cast iron gives an additional opportunity to expand the range of orders and prevent a reduction in production in factories equipped only with the smelting furnaces of the IChT. The article describes the peculiarities of smelting cast iron IChH28N2 in the furnace IChT10 with acid lining. The technology of conducting melting on pure charge materials without use of cast iron scrap and return is briefly described.
Effect of Hf Doping of Commercially Pure Copper on Evolution of its Microstructure under High Pressure Torsion
Authors: Stolbovsky Alexey V. , Popov Vladimir , Falahutdinov Ruslan
Published: January 2020

Evolution of the structure of commercially pure copper and Cu-0.8%Hf alloy under high pressure torsion (HPT) is compared. It is demonstrated that doping with Hf affects appreciably a tendency to relaxation processes inherent to copper. Introduction of additional impurities enables to achieve finer fragmentation of structure and increase of microhardness with the strain growth, compared to the commercially pure copper, in which these parameters are weakened by the intensively developing relaxation processes. However, these processes can serve a limiting factor for fragmentation and microhardness increase in the Cu-0.8Hf alloy as well, under the HPT by 5 revolutions of anvils.
Determination of Thermo-Physical and Physical Properties of Complex Alloyed Brass
Authors: Mysik Raisa K. , Brusnitsyn Sergey V. , Sulitsin Andrey V.
Published: January 2020

At present time complex alloyed brasses are widely used for manufacturing of parts worked in fray conditions. The mechanical and service properties of this alloys are provided by presence of different structural constituents in the structure of alloys. The wear resistance is a basic property of complex alloyed brasses. The information on actual problems in the industrial production of cast bars, semi-finished products and [ pfrts]-непонятно] of complex alloyed brasses is presented in the article. In accordance with the increasing requirements of consumers to reliability and service life of parts the complex alloyed brass Cu62Zn31.6Mn3Al2Si0.8Ni0.4Cr0.2 was proposed as a material for production of parts. The development of technology of melting and semi-continuous casting of complex alloyed brass is an important problem. Moreover, for estimation of thermal contition of ingot and simulation of the process of solidification of the ingot, it is necessary to know thermal physic and physical characteristics of an alloy. Therefore, the research on determination of heat conductivity, heat capacity and density of complex alloyed brass, depending on temperature, was carried out. The obtained experimental data can be used to thermos-technical calculation of thermal contition of ingot and simulation of the process of solidification of ingot during semi-continuous casting for the purpose of determination of technological parameters of casting.
Increasing of Energy-Power Indicators of Mechanical Processing in a Planetary Mill by the Use of a Working Chamber with a Square Shape of the Internal Cavity
Authors: Gusev V.G. , Sobolkov A.V. , Aborkin A.V.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of a computational study of the influence of the geometry of the working chamber on the energy-force interaction of grinding bodies in the process of the mixture processing in a planetary mill. The method of computer simulation, using the software system, based on the ideology of discrete elements, shows the high efficiency of processing in a planetary mill, using a working chamber with a square-shaped cavity. The values of the factors that have a dominant influence on the mechanical processing of the charge are determined. A comparison with the process of processing in the working chamber of the traditional cylindrical shape is made. The research results will be used in the appointment of large-size charge processing regimes that provide a high-energy grinding process.
Investigation of the Effect of Oxygen Content in the Auxiliary Process Gas on the Quality and Speed of Laser Cutting of Steel Sheets
Authors: Shaparev A.V.
Published: January 2020

An experimental study of the effect of the content of the oxygen in the auxiliary process gas on the laser cutting speed and the quality of the cut-off zone surface was made. For the research, the auxiliary technological gases of the brand LAZAL, produced by Air Liquide (99.95% oxygen content) and Energo grade (99.7% oxygen content), were used. For the experiments, a low-carbon steel with a thickness of 8 mm and 3 mm was used. The main objective of the study was to increase the productivity of laser equipment by increasing the cutting speed. It is established that the use of oxygen in laser cutting as an auxiliary gas makes it possible to increase the cutting speed, to decrease the power of the laser installation, or to increase the thickness of the cut metal at the same power.
Scientific Approaches to the Development of Titanium-Based Alloys for Medical Implants
Authors: Illarionov Anatoliy G. , Grib Stella V. , Yurovskikh Artem
Published: January 2020

One of the main problems with the use of metal implants is mechanical resorption, due to a significant difference in Young's moduli of bone tissue and metal material. This paper provides an overview of the main approaches for developing and optimizing the compositions of low-modulus alloys for medical implants. The choice of the base metal of such alloys – titanium, combining a low Young's modulus with complete biological inertness, -- is substantiated. Based on the analysis and systematization of the available literature data, the issues of choosing the optimal alloying to achieve a low Young's modulus, while maintaining biological compatibility, are considered. The main attention is paid to the Ti-Nb-Zr- (Ta, Sn) system as providing the maximum potential for reducing the Young's modulus. In addition, the importance of obtaining a certain structural and textural state in the product to further reduce the Young's modulus is noted.
Phase Equilibria in a Liquid Metal of Fe-La-Ce-O System at 1600 °С
Authors: Mikhailov Gennady G. , Makrovets Larisa A. , Samoilova Olga V.
Published: January 2020

Thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria in a liquid metal of Fe–La–Ce–O system at 1600 °С, using the technique of constructing the solubility surfaces for the components of a metal, was carried out. The calculation technique allowed assessing the depth of liquid iron de-oxidation at a complex use of lanthanum and cerium as deoxidizing agents. Also, diagrams of de-oxidants’ consumption for one ton of liquid oxygen-containing iron were calculated in the course of the work. Carrying out a calculation of the solubility surfaces for the components of a metal required simulation of phase diagrams of the following oxide systems: FeO–La2O3–Ce2O3, FeO–CeO2–La2O3, CeO2–La2O3–Ce2O3. The obtained results might be of interest for optimization of the use of rare-earth metals in steelmaking technology.
Investigation of Sulfatization Mechanism of Iron-Manganese Concretions in Fluidized Bed
Authors: Darin Aleksey A. , Telyakov Nail M.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the theoretical basis of sulfatizing roasting in the fluidized bed of oxidic and sulphidic polymetallic raw materials: iron-manganese concretions (IMC) containing non-ferrous metals and pyrite concentrate. The results of preliminary thermodynamic and thermogravimetric studies of IMC of Pacific Ocean and pyrite are described. The results of the laboratory-scale research of sulphatizing roasting of deep-water polymetallic IMC and pyrite concentrates are given. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion is made about the prospects of using the method of preliminary sulfatization for further production of marketable concentrates of manganese and non-ferrous metals.
Investigation of the Austenite Grain Growth in HY-TUF Steel
Authors: Maisuradze Mikhail V. , Ryzhkov Maxim A.
Published: January 2020

The high strength silicon steel HY-TUF, applied for manufacturing of the heavy loaded aerospace and engineering parts, was investigated. The effect of the heating temperature in the range 900...1000 °C on the austenite grain size was studied. The steel under consideration had a significant scatter of the austenite grain size. The most intensive growth of the austenite grains was observed in the temperature range 975...1000 °C.
Evaluation of the Friction Factor Influence on the Results of Cross-Wedge Rolling Simulation in Qform Software
Authors: Allenov Maksim G. , Belokurov Oleg A.
Published: January 2020

The paper describes the study of the friction factor influence on a workpiece shape-changing and the defects occurrence during the cross wedge rolling. The dependence between the slipping rate and the friction factor is found. Recommendations on the choice of friction scheme and friction factor values are provided.
Modeling of Tool for Cold Extrusion of Steel and Tooling with Proportional Bandaging
Authors: Gerasimova Alla A. , Gorbatyuk Sergey , Efremov Dmitry
Published: January 2020

In the article the results of the finite element modeling of cold extrusion of carbon steel, the stress-strain state of massive dies at high cyclic stresses characteristic of the cold extrusion of steel are presented. The possibility of significant amplification of dies in their working area by creating a variable external pressure from the rims of a special design is shown. Dies banding with variable external pressure, proportional to the internal pressure in the die, is aimed at increasing the technical resource of the tool.
Prediction of Blast Furnace Thermal State in Real-Time Operation
Authors: Spirin Nikolay , Onorin Oleg , Istomin Alexander
Published: January 2020

The paper gives a general description of the dynamic model of the blast-furnace process that enables to calculate transition processes of the blast furnace thermal state, evaluated by the content of silicon in hot metal. It provides calculation results of the transition processes to be subjected to changes in control actions: ore load from the top and oxygen concentration in blast, natural gas flow rate and hot blast temperature from the bottom. Specific features of these transition processes during blast-furnace smelting are analyzed. The paper shows that the dynamic characteristics of blast furnaces change are subjected to control actions and depend significantly on properties of melted raw materials and operating parameters of blast furnaces. The oscillatory transition process in the blast furnace is observed in the case after disturbance it has an opposite influence on the thermal state of the lower and uppers stages of heat exchange. The paper presents prediction results of the silicon content in hot metal. It gives practical recommendations for selection of control actions.
Cast Iron and Steel Smelting in Induction Crucible Furnaces of Industrial Frequency
Authors: Kukartsev Viktor Alekseevich , Kukartsev Vladislav Viktorovich , Tynchenko Vadim Sergeevich
Published: January 2020

A brief analysis of the cast iron and steel smelting in induction furnaces of industrial and medium frequency has been carried out. The analysis of the used metal scrap for the smelting of synthetic iron in induction melting furnaces with a padded lining of a lining mixture, based on quartzite, is carried out. The requirements for temperature melting modes, which are regulated by this type of melting furnaces developers, are reflected. The advantages and disadvantages of using induction crucible furnaces of industrial and medium frequency are considered. The features of smelting synthetic pig iron in Russia are noted, the main of which are the following: the absence of cast iron scrap, which makes it necessary to use a metal scrap from a single steel scrap, and use temperature melting conditions above 1450 ° C; use a lining based on quartzite, as the cheapest, but sharply reducing its resistance to the operation of the furnace at such melting temperatures (from 300-350 to 200-250 smelts). The actuality of the possibility of steel smelting in induction crucible furnaces of industrial frequency with the use of acid lining, based on the Pervouralsk quartzite, is substantiated. It is explained by the fact that existing foundries are equipped mainly with induction melting furnaces of industrial frequency, and the use of induction melting furnaces of medium frequency requires considerable material costs.
Crystallographic Peculiarities of β-α Transformation in Brass Induced by Hot Extrusion
Authors: Lobanov Mikhail L. , Danilov S.V. , Pastukhov Vladimir I.
Published: January 2020

Structure-texture states in brass rods after hot extrusion and air-cooling have been investigated with the orientation microscopy (EBSD). In the examined samples, a significant concentration of β-phase with the lattice, close to bcc and fcc α-phase, has been detected. The β-phase texture consisted of the main components: two close to {110}<110> and {001}<110>. The α-phase texture consisted of the main components: close to {001}<100> and two close {110}<111>. The analysis of crystallographic relationship of the texture components of β-and α-phases demonstrates that they may all be obtained, in accordance with the orientation relations, which are intermediate between the Kurdjumov-Sachs and Nishiyama-Wasserman types It is assumed that β-α transformation began in β-phase at coincident site lattice Σ3 and Σ33a boundaries.
Determination of Contact Pressure during Double-T Section Rolling in Universal Beam Groove
Authors: Shvarts Danil L. , Nepryakhin Sergey O.
Published: January 2020

Based on application the physical constraint equations of state of stress and strain of the metal for the isotropic medium, we get expressions for components of stress tensor. The new theoretical method for calculation of contact pressures and rolling force during rolling of double-T section in a universal beam groove was developed. Reliability of the method is confirmed by the results of experimental verification for conditions of rolling of H-beam No 35B1, 40K2 and 45B2 from steel 15CrSiNiCu on the universal beam mill of "NTMK". The average calculation error is 6.4%. The new method is recommended for calculation pass design and technological modes of H-beam rolling on rail-beam and section mills, equipped with universal stands.
Аutomatisation of Calculation Method of Technological Parameters of Wiredrawing with Account of Speed Factor and Material Properties
Authors: Khaimovich Irina , Khaimovich Alexander I. , Kovalkova E.A.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the mathematical model worked out for calculating the operating force of the wire drawing. The solution of the problem was achieved by dividing the wire work piece material in the deformation zone into an infinitely small finite elements ij; and, by parting the working area of the die geometry, consisting of crimping cone, drawing cylinder and the radius of curvature between them into infinitely small linear sections. The authors described the conditions for continuity at the finite element line, the dependencies required to determine the geometric grid sizes. To determine the total modified draw force, the authors obtained formulas to describe the stress condition at each point of the finite element, based on the motion equations, equations of velocity fields, the incompressibility condition, the deformation rate intensity, taking into account the speed factor and viscoplastic properties of the work material. The article presents the adequacy of the proposed model.
Influence of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Modes on Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy VT22 Bars
Authors: Egorova Yuliia B. , Davydenko Lyudmila V. , Shmyrova Alisa V.
Published: January 2020

The article provides the results of statistical research on the dependence of the mechanical properties of bars with a 14 mm diameter, made of the titanium alloy VT22, on the heat treatment modes and the chemical composition on the basis of the analysis of experimental, literature and manufacturing data. The authors study the correlation between mechanical properties and the content of alloying elements, admixtures, heat treatment modes. The research finds out regression dependences to evaluate the average values of the mechanical properties of the bars 14х14 mm of the alloy VT22 on the annealing temperature (within an hour, furnace cooling up to 4000С, and further air cooling) and the equivalents of alloying elements and admixtures on aluminium and molybdenum.
Modifying of the Surface of Products from Cast Iron as the Element of Production Modernization
Authors: Vodolazskaya Nataliia V. , Sharaya Olga A.
Published: January 2020

The way of solving the problem of surface wear of products from cast iron due to development of technological processes of its strengthening treatment is offered in this article. Receiving the hardened skins is reached by purposeful formation of the set structural condition of metal by methods of surface impregnation, i.e., modifying. Results of researches on thermochemical treatment of cast irons of grades EN-GJL-250, EN-JS1060 are presented The micro-structural analysis showed that with rising the saturation temperature and increasing the process duration the layer depth cartbonitration increases. Studying the samples for wear resistance carried out on stand ММ 295 showed that for grade EN-GJL-250 it increased 2,2 times, and for grade EN-JS1060 – 3 times as compared to the initial (non-modified) state. Experimental-industrial tests of products of cast iron (model accessory, parts of homogenizing pumps) after carbonitration permitted to state 2-4 times of its surface.
Method of Speed Mode Correction of Rolling Pipes in the Reduction Mill
Authors: Orlov Grigory A. , Kungurov E.A.
Published: January 2020

The article develops one of the main directions of improving the technology of pipe rolling on a reduction-stretching mill, in order to reduce the end crop. The article describes a speed adjustment technique of the reduction mill, when rolling the front end and back end of pipes, the length of which corresponds to the length of the thickness of ends of the finished pipe. A distinctive feature of the technique is the calculation of volume of the thickness end, which must be reduced by an adjusted value, when rolling the end area in the head stands. The sequence of technological calculations and the results of industrial testing of pipe reduction by standard rolling modes, and modes calculated by the proposed technique, are given. An analysis of the results of industrial testing showed the possibility of reducing the mass of the thickness ends by no less than 7%.
Techno-Genic Fillers in the Composition of Modern Polymer Paints
Authors: Svyatchenko A.V. , Kiryushina N.Yu. , Sharapov O.N.
Published: January 2020

The article shows that techno-genic fillers, based on slag of electrometallurgical production, can be used as fillers for water-dispersion paints, based on polymer composition. For these purposes, it is necessary to modify the slag particles, in order to increase its hydrophobic property. The article examines the effect of the mass of the additive of techno-genic filler, based on the modified slag of the electrometallurgical plant, on the properties of the resulting paint. A water-dispersed acrylic composition, containing stearic acid-modified slag of electric steelmaking production as a filler, has been developed. The composition has high uniformity, is more heat-resistant and water-resistant, a high hiding power and viscosity, and corresponds to modern analogues.
The Study of Structure Formation Evolution at High Pressure with a Shear in a Corrosion-Resistant Austenitic-Ferritic Steel 03Kh14N10K5M2YuT with Different Initial States
Authors: Mal’tseva Tatyana V. , Levina Anna V. , Skobelina Ekaterina K.
Published: January 2020

The article presents results of studies of phase transformations and structure formation that form the necessary complex of physical and mechanical properties of austenitic-ferritic steel with a structural ratio of 50:50. The structure formation at high pressure with a shear of steel 03Kh14N10K5M2YuT with different initial states is studied. After the action of intense plastic deformations, a submicrocrystalline structure arises. This causes interest in these deformations.
The Phase Composition of Products from Electro-Erosive Cobalto-Chrome Powders, Obtained by Additive Technologies
Authors: Ageev Evgeniy V. , Altukhov A.Y. , Korolyov M. S.
Published: January 2020

The main requirement for powders for additive 3d technologies is the spherical shape of the particles. Such particles are most compactly packed into a certain volume and ensure the "fluidity" of the powder composition in the supply systems of the material with minimal resistance. The wide use of the EED method for processing metal waste into powders for the purpose of their reuse and application in additive technologies is hampered by the lack in the scientific and technical literature of full-fledged information on the effect of the initial composition, regimes and media on the properties of powders and technologies of practical application. Therefore, in order to develop technologies for the reuse of electroerosive powders and to evaluate the effectiveness of their use, complex theoretical and experimental studies are required. The aim of the work was to conduct a phase analysis of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders. The phase composition of the samples was studied by X-ray diffraction on a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer in Cu-Kα radiation (wavelength λ = 0.154178 nm) using Soller slits. Based on the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis of additive articles from electroerosion cobalt-chrome powders, it has been experimentally established that the main phases in the sintered samples are Co, Cr and Co3C.