bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role expectations from doctors and effects on nonmedical outcomes
Authors: Tarı Kasnakoğlu Berna , Pak Halil
Published: July 2019

Rationale, aims, and objectives

The predominant assumption of doctor professionalism may be prone to unpredicted alterations in the face of “a new age of doctoring.” The aim in this study is to explore one dimension in the doctor‐patient dyadic relationship: the face‐to‐face interaction between doctors and patients and whether satisfaction of role expectations affects service outcomes as perceived by the patient‐consumer.

Methods

In the first qualitative phase, 10 physicians and 11 patients were interviewed in‐depth for the purposes of understanding the variations in role expectations from doctors. These details were then used to construct the scenarios to be used in the second quantitative phase. Scenario‐based experimental data were collected using a cross‐sectional sample consisting of 432 individuals.

Results

Although positive emotions lead to positive outcomes when the doctor is role‐congruent, positive emotions lead to even better outcomes when the doctor is behaving too friendly. In addition, negative emotions lead to negative outcomes in both scenarios; however, outcomes become worse when the doctor is role‐incongruent.

Conclusions

Role expectations play a moderating role between emotions and service outcomes. The medical performance can be perceived good or bad depending on whether the doctor smiles “too much” or not. Results are discussed within the context of role expectation theory and the changing nature of service relationships in the health care sector.
Case of anti‐Hu antibody‐mediated encephalopathy associated with ovarian cancer
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Furugori Megumi , Kanatsuka Yoichi , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Shigeta Hiroyuki
Published: July 2019

The present report describes a case of anti‐Hu antibody‐mediated encephalopathy associated with ovarian cancer. The patient developed paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) during the course of ovarian cancer and showed a symptom of jargon aphasia; diagnosis of PNS was made on the basis of serological and cerebrospinal examination, electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetic resonance images. EEG initially indicated a condition of non‐convulsive status epilepticus; however, levetiracetam administration facilitated complete recovery of this condition. Furthermore, immunotherapy and steroid therapy were very effective and significant improvement was achieved. PNS usually occur before the cancer is identified; however, the possibility of PNS should be considered when neurologic symptoms are noted during the course of oncologic diseases, including ovarian cancer.
A Novel Approach to Evaluate Brain Activation for Lower Extremity Motor Control
Authors: Grooms Dustin R. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Ellis Jonathan D. , Yuan Weihong , Dudley Jonathan , Foss Kim D. Barber , Thomas Staci , Altaye Mekibib , Haas Lacey , Williams Brynne , Lanier John M. , Bridgewater Kaley , Myer Gregory D.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to assess the consistency of a novel MR safe lower extremity motor control neuroimaging paradigm to elicit reliable sensorimotor region brain activity.

METHODS

Participants completed multiple sets of unilateral leg presses combining ankle, knee, and hip extension and flexion movements against resistance at a pace of 1.2 Hz while lying supine in a 3T MRI scanner. Regions of Interest (ROI) consisted of regions primarily involved in lower extremity motor control (right and left primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum).

RESULTS

The group analysis based on mixed effects paired samples t‐test revealed no differences for brain activity between sessions (P > .05). Intraclass correlation coefficients in the sensorimotor regions were good to excellent for average percent signal change (.621 to .918) and Z‐score (.697 to .883), with the exception of the left secondary somatosensory cortex percent signal change (.165).

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that a loaded lower extremity force production and attenuation task that simulates the range of motion of squatting, stepping, and landing from a jump is reliable for longitudinal neuroimaging applications and support the use of this paradigm in further studies examining therapeutic interventions and changes in dynamic lower extremity motor function.
Ultrasound to Evaluate Neonatal Spinal Dysraphism: A First‐Line Alternative to CT and MRI
Authors: Orman Gunes , Tijssen Maud P.M , Seyfert Donna , Gassner Ingmar , Huisman Thierry A.G.M.
Published: July 2019

The embryologic development of the spinal cord is a remarkably complex process. Spinal abnormalities can occur in isolation or be part of a clinical syndrome commonly summarized as spinal dysraphism. Proper evaluation of spinal malformations with imaging is required for early diagnosis prior to counseling and selection of postnatal treatment options. The preferred imaging modality of the spine in newborns up to 3 months of age are ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The diagnostic workup should preferably start with the safe, minimal invasive (no need for sedation), cost‐effective, and bedside US as a screening procedure. On the other hand, need for sedation, thermal instability of infants, and high cost make the use of spinal MRI impracticable for screening purposes. US is also a well‐established imaging modality to investigate the spinal cord and canal during pregnancy. It is critical to follow a strict protocol in an attempt to precisely identify all imaging findings, one should be familiar with the normal ultrasonographic appearance of bony and soft tissue structures in the various planes and one should be able to correlate the abnormal findings with spinal cord embryology as it aids in identifying the etiology. US should be considered as a first‐line imaging for neonates suspected of spinal anomalies. In this article, we discuss up‐to‐date US technique of the spine, the most frequently encountered neonatal spinal malformations seen with US and correlate these findings with the relevant embryologic processes.
Speech evaluation during maxillary mini‐dental implant overdenture treatment: A prospective study
Authors: Fonteyne Ester , Van Doorne Luc , Becue Laurence , Matthys Carine , Bronckhorst Ewald , De Bruyn Hugo
Published: July 2019

Large proportions of patients are edentulous and wear removable dentures leading to reduced functional comfort and less oral health‐related quality of life. Satisfaction with the oral situation after implantation depends on the outcome in eating comfort, speech comfort and aesthetics. Modification in form and location of the teeth may affect speech. The aim of this study is to determine speech, oromyofunctional behaviour, satisfaction with the treatment and the impact on quality of life of the horse‐shoe overdenture retained by mini‐dental implants (MDIs) in the maxilla. This prospective multicentre cohort study included 32 patients for treatment. 5 to 6 implants were placed, traumatically piercing the mucosa. Patients were evaluated three times during treatment (pre‐operatively with conventional prosthesis including full palatal coverage (CD), post‐operatively with provisionally relined CD and with horse‐shoe overdenture on MDI). The assessment included a phonetic evaluation, examination of oromyofunctional behaviour, evaluation of the impact on quality of life (OHIP‐14) and a rating of satisfaction with the treatment and speech on a visual analogue scale. Several speech sounds are found to be disturbed before treatment. In the next two stages of the treatment, the number of speech issues decreases. In the final stage, ten people show minor speech problems, especially with the /s/ sound. In this stage, seven people still present with oromyofunctional problems, especially whistling problems. In this last stage, people are very satisfied with the treatment (83%) and with speech (84%). The impact on quality of life is low (8.23/56).
Absence of joint pain identifies high levels of sleep masticatory muscle activity in myofascial temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Santiago Vivian , Raphael Karen
Published: July 2019

Although the development of reliable diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has operationalised identification of a subgroup with myofascial pain (mTMD), causal mechanisms remain elusive. This study examines masticatory muscle activity (MMA) in more homogenous research subgroups of mTMD. Data from an existing case‐control study of women were used to subcategorise mTMD cases based on joint pain with palpation to isolate muscle‐only pain (M‐pain) vs muscle and joint pain (MJ‐pain). Differences in laboratory indicators of MMA, specifically research diagnostic criteria for sleep bruxism (SB) and high background EMG activity, and other clinical and sociodemographic indicators were examined between groups. Compared to controls, the MJ‐pain subgroup did not show elevated background EMG or sleep bruxism. In contrast, the M‐pain subgroup showed significantly higher background EMG and a trend towards elevated prevalence of sleep bruxism. These results may explain why it has been difficult for studies of SB in mixed TMD and even mTMD samples to find a consistent positive association, since a positive association may be limited to mTMD without joint pain. The subcategorising of mTMD based on joint pain with palpation (ie M‐pain, MJ‐pain) appears to reveal subgroups with relatively high and low sleep masticatory muscle‐specific activity. Findings need replication in a larger study with updated mTMD diagnostic criteria, but may prove useful for understanding mechanism of pain maintenance in mTMD with and without joint pain.
Does early compared to late fortification of human milk for preterm infants improve clinical outcomes?
Authors: Godden Beth , Collins Carmel T , Hilditch Cathie , McLeod Gemma , Keir Amy
Published: July 2019

Aim

This evidence‐based review aims to answer the following structured clinical question: In preterm infants <37 weeks' gestation (patient), does early fortification of breast milk (intervention) compared to late fortification (control) improve growth outcomes at the time of discharge or affect length of hospital stay (outcome)?

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Maternity and Infant Care Database and Evidence‐Based Medicine Reviews were searched for articles published from 2000 onwards that were relevant to the structured clinical question. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Health and Medical Research Council, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, National Institute of Health and Turning Research into Practice databases were also searched, and reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed.

Results

A total of 167 articles, after removal of duplicates, were found and screened by title and abstract. Five full‐text articles were ultimately included in the review.

Conclusions

The results of this review suggest that early fortification is safe and well tolerated. However, earlier fortification has not been shown to have a significant impact on growth outcomes at time of discharge or length of stay. More research is required to determine if early fortification of breast milk may have benefits regarding longer‐term growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Spontaneous mediastinal abscess of curious causation
Authors: Stratton Hayley , Anderson Aleisha J , O'Brien Matthew P , Powers Neil , Ravikumara Madhur , Bowen Asha C , Hazelton Briony
Published: July 2019

See Answer
Pegfilgrastim and linagliptin potentiate chemoattraction of Ccr2 and Cd44 stem cells accompanied by alterations of cardiac Hgf, Igf-1 and Mcp-1 in daunorubicin cardiomyopathy
Authors: Srankova Jasna , Veteskova Jana , Marusakova Margareta , Pivackova Lenka , Doka Gabriel , Krenek Peter , Klimas Jan
Published: July 2019

Objective

Daunorubicin (DAU) downregulates cytokines promoting stem cell migration and homing into the heart, reducing cardiac regeneration after anticancer chemotherapy. Pegfilgrastim (PFIL) protects from DAU-induced neutropenia but its cardioprotective potential remains unclear. We tested whether pegfilgrastim and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin, potential enhancers of stem cells migration and homing, would improve DAU-cardiomyopathy.

Methods

DAU (7.5 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered to male Wistar rats to induce cardiotoxicity. Pegfilgrastim (100 µg/kg, s.c.) was administered 24h after DAU, and linagliptin was administered orally for 8 weeks (5 mg/kg/day, LINA). Cardiac damage markers (Nppa, Myh6, Myh7, Gp91phox), cytokines (Sdf-1alpha, Mcp-1, Vegf, Hgf, Igf-1), stem cell markers (Cxcr4, Ccr2, Cd34, Cd133, Cd44, Cd105) were determined by qRT-PCR.

Key findings

Decreased Myh6, elevated Myh7 Nppa, and Gp91phox were not ameliorated by PFIL + LINA. Downregulated expressions of cytokines (Vegf, Sdf-1alpha) and stem cells markers (Cxcr4, Cd34, Cd133, and Cd105) remained decreased after PFIL + LINA. DAU-induced upregulation of Mcp-1, Ccr2 and Cd44 was further potentiated by PFIL + LINA. PFIL + LINA normalised expression of Hgf and Igf-1.

Conclusions

Although PFIL + LINA failed in universal potentiation of stem cells migration and homing, the expression of stem cell markers Ccr2 and Cd44 in the heart potentially increased through the preservation of Hgf, Igf-1 and upregulation of Mcp-1.
ECMM CandiReg—A ready to use platform for outbreaks and epidemiological studies
Authors: Koehler Philipp , Arendrup Maiken Cavling , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap , Bassetti Matteo , Bretagne Stéphane , Klingspor Lena , Lagrou Katrien , Meis Jacques F. , Rautemaa‐Richardson Riina , Schelenz Silke , Hamprecht Axel , Koehler Felix C. , Kurzai Oliver , Salmanton‐García Jon , Vehreschild Jörg‐Janne , Alanio Alexandre , Alastruey‐Izquierdo Ana , Arsic Arsenijevic Valentina , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Gow Neil A. R. , Hadina Suzana , Hamal Petr , Johnson Elizabeth , Klimko Nikolay , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Mares Mihai , Özenci Volkan , Papp Tamas , Roilides Emmanuel , Sabino Raquel , Segal Esther , Talento Alida Fe , Tortorano Anna Maria , Verweij Paul E. , Hoenigl Martin , Cornely Oliver A. ,   on behalf of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
Published: July 2019

Background

Recent outbreaks of Candida auris further exemplify that invasive Candida infections are a substantial threat to patients and healthcare systems. Even short treatment delays are associated with higher mortality rates. Epidemiological shifts towards more resistant Candida spp. require careful surveillance.

Objectives

Triggered by the emergence of C auris and by increasing antifungal resistance rates the European Confederation of Medical Mycology developed an international Candida Registry (FungiScope™ CandiReg) to allow contemporary multinational surveillance.

Methods

CandiReg serves as platform for international cooperation to enhance research regarding invasive Candida infections. CandiReg uses the General Data Protection Regulation compliant data platform ClinicalSurveys.net that holds the electronic case report forms (eCRF). Data entry is supported via an interactive macro created by the software that can be accessed via any Internet browser.

Results

CandiReg provides an eCRF for invasive Candida infections that can be used for a variety of studies from cohort studies on attributable mortality to evaluations of guideline adherence, offering to the investigators of the 28 ECMM member countries the opportunity to document their cases of invasive Candida infection. CandiReg allows the monitoring of epidemiology of invasive Candida infections, including monitoring of multinational outbreaks. Here, we describe the structure and management of the CandiReg platform.

Conclusion

CandiReg supports the collection of clinical information and isolates to improve the knowledge on epidemiology and eventually to improve management of invasive Candida infections. CandiReg promotes international collaboration, improving the availability and quality of evidence on invasive Candida infection and contributes to improved patient management.
Paternal age contribution to brain white matter aberrations in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Yassin Walid , Kojima Masaki , Owada Keiho , Kuwabara Hitoshi , Gonoi Wataru , Aoki Yuta , Takao Hidemasa , Natsubori Tatsunobu , Iwashiro Norichika , Kasai Kiyoto , Kano Yukiko , Abe Osamu , Yamasue Hidenori
Published: July 2019

Aim

Although advanced parental age holds an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), its role as a potential risk factor for an atypical white matter development underlying the pathophysiology of ASD has not yet been investigated. The current study was aimed to detect white matter disparities in ASD, and further investigate the relationship of paternal and maternal age at birth with such disparities.

Methods

Thirty‐nine adult males with high‐functioning ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) males were analyzed in the study. The FMRIB Software Library and tract‐based spatial statistics were utilized to process and analyze the diffusion tensor imaging data.

Results

Subjects with ASD exhibited significantly higher mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in white matter fibers, including the association (inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculi, uncinate fasciculus, and cingulum), commissural (forceps minor), and projection tracts (anterior thalamic radiation and right corticospinal tract) compared to TD subjects (Padjusted < 0.05). No differences were seen in either fractional anisotropy or axial diffusivity. Linear regression analyses assessing the relationship between parental ages and the white matter aberrations revealed a positive correlation between paternal age (PA), but not maternal age, and both MD and RD in the affected fibers (Padjusted < 0.05). Multiple regression showed that only PA was a predictor of both MD and RD.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that PA contributes to the white matter disparities seen in individuals with ASD compared to TD subjects.
Breeding systems in Cyrtanthus (Amaryllidaceae): variation in self‐sterility and potential for ovule discounting
Authors: Johnson S. D. , Butler H. C. , Robertson A. W.
Published: July 2019

Breeding systems of plants determine their reliance on pollinators and ability to produce seeds following self‐pollination. Self‐sterility, where ovules that are penetrated by self‐pollen tubes that do not develop into seeds, is usually considered to represent either a system of late‐acting self‐incompatibility or strong early inbreeding depression. Importantly, it can lead to impaired female function through ovule or seed discounting when stigmas receive mixtures of self and cross pollen, unless cross pollen is able to reach the ovary ahead of self pollen (‘prepotency’). Self‐sterility associated with ovule penetration by self‐pollen tubes appears to be widespread among the Amaryllidaceae.

We tested for self‐sterility in three Cyrtanthus species – C. contractus, C. ventricosus and C. mackenii – by means of controlled hand‐pollination experiments. To determine the growth rates and frequency of ovule penetration by self‐ versus cross‐pollen tubes, we used fluorescence microscopy to examine flowers of C. contractus harvested 24, 48 and 72 h after pollination, in conjunction with a novel method of processing these images digitally. To test the potential for ovule discounting (loss of cross‐fertilisation opportunities when ovules are disabled by self‐pollination), we pollinated flowers of C. contractus and C. mackenii with mixtures of self‐ and cross pollen.

We recorded full self‐sterility for C. contractus and C. ventricosus, and partial self‐sterility for C. mackenii. In C. contractus, we found no differences in the growth rates of self‐ and cross‐pollen tubes, nor in the proportions of ovules penetrated by self‐ and cross‐pollen tubes. In this species, seed set was depressed (relative to cross‐pollinated controls) when flowers received a mixture of self and cross pollen, but this was not the case for C. mackenii.

These results reveal variation in breeding systems among Cyrtanthus species and highlight the potential for gender conflict in self‐sterile species in which ovules are penetrated and disabled by pollen tubes from self pollen.
Oral health assessment in domiciliary care service planning of older people
Authors: Salmi, Riikka , Lahti, Satu , Tolvanen, Mimmi , Suhonen, Riitta , Närhi, Timo
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The aim was to examine importance and consideration of oral health‐related issues (OHRIs) during service planning by the case managers (CMs).

Methods and results

The study was conducted in a major Finnish city. All 25 CMs, supervising over 450 domiciliary care employees who are caring for 4600 domiciliary care clients, received a multiple‐choice questionnaire with additional open‐ended questions. CMs were dichotomized by age and educational background. Differences were compared with the chi‐square test and Fisher´s exact test. Response rate was 88%. All CMs considered OHRIs important. However, OHRIs were not routinely considered during service planning, especially by the CMs with a social service than health background (0% vs 30%, P < 0, 0.056). OHRIs were considered never or seldom by 73% of the CMs. OHRIs were mostly considered after evaluating the overall need for domiciliary care. A lack of guidelines was reported by 45% of the CMs. Of the CMs, 41% could use their knowledge for paying attention to OHRIs. All CMs wished for better routines for paying attention to OHRIs.

Conclusion

OHRIs are not routinely considered in service planning. This study indicated a need for structured guidelines and further education for assess the need for oral home care assistance.
Using wearable monitors to assess daily walking limitations induced by ischemic pain in peripheral artery disease
Authors: Chaudru Ségolène , Jehannin Pierre , de Müllenheim Pierre‐Yves , Klein Hélène , Jaquinandi Vincent , Mahé Guillaume , Le Faucheur Alexis
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To develop, assess the feasibility of, and determine the clinical validity of an event‐based analysis method using wearable monitors to quantify walking pain manifestations (WPMs) and stops induced by walking pain (SIWPs) during daily life walking in people with peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods

The following two conditions were studied: a standardized outdoor walking session (OWS) and a seven‐day free‐living measurement (FLM) period. The PAD participants (n = 23) wore an accelerometer and a watch. They were asked to press the event marker button on the watch to indicate events related to WPMs and SIWPs. To assess the clinical validity of the method, the computed pain‐free walking time (PFWT) and maximal walking time (MWT) were compared with the PFWT and MWT assessed using standard treadmill walking protocols, respectively.

Results

Following OWSs, the PFWT[OWS] and MWT[OWS] were significantly correlated with the PFWT[Strandness] (r = .955, P < .001) and MWT[Strandness] (r = .821, P < .001), respectively. During the FLM, PAD participants experienced only 2 WPMs/day and 1 SIWP/day, although severely limited on the treadmill and during the OWS. The average WPMs/day were moderately correlated with the PFWT[Strandness] (r = −.54, P = .016). The PFWT[FLM] was on average 12 times longer than the PFWT[Strandness]. Interestingly, the intensity of the walking bouts as assessed by the accelerometer counts during the FLM was significantly lower than that during the OWS (45 ± 15 vs 66 ± 20 counts/s, P < .001).

Conclusion

This new method offers opportunities for studies investigating the experience of living with PAD and the assessment of daily life walking capacity for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Toxoplasma infection in kidney donors and transplant recipients from Western Mexico: A one‐year follow‐up
Authors: Galván‐Ramírez María Luz , Sánchez‐Orozco Laura V. , Andrade‐Sierra Jorge , Mendoza‐Cabrera Salvador , Evangelista‐Carrillo Luis Alberto , Rodríguez Pérez Laura R. , Chiquete Erwin , Armendáriz‐Borunda Juan
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Solid organ transplant recipients are highly susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii infection. We aimed to describe the 12‐month follow‐up risk of seroconversion in renal transplant recipients.

Methodology

Anti‐T gondii antibodies were investigated in donors and recipients of renal transplants. In donors, anti‐T gondii were evaluated before transplantation. In recipients, anti‐T gondii were monitored over a 12‐month period to evaluate potential seroconversion or reactivation. IgG and IgM anti‐T gondii antibodies were investigated through enzyme immunoassay and Western blot. Molecular diagnosis was performed on peripheral blood leukocytes using PCR to amplify fragments corresponding to the T gondii B1 gene and the repetitive 529‐bp element.

Results

The basal frequency of seropositive IgG anti‐T gondii antibodies was higher in donors than in recipients (38.4% vs 25.2%; P = .03). During the 12‐month follow‐up, the accumulated seroconversion to IgG and IgM antibodies was 3/99 (3.0%), and the accumulated reactivation was 11/99 (11.0%). None of the samples exhibited positivity to T gondii DNA.

Conclusions

This study showed that there is an increased risk of seroconversion or reactivation in renal transplant recipients over a 12‐month follow‐up. Our data suggest that prophylaxis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole effectively prevented toxoplasmosis, since neither T gondii DNA nor clinical toxoplasmosis was detected.
Hepatitis C virus prevalence and incidence estimates among Chinese blood donors
Authors: Fu Ping , Lv Yunlai , Zhang Hongbin , Liu Cunxv , Wen Xiuqiong , Ma Hongli , He Tao , Ke Ling , Wu Bingting , Liu Jing , He Miao , Liao Dan , Wang Jingxing , Ness Paul , Liu Yu , Shan Hua ,   for the International Component of the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important transfusion‐transmitted virus with global significance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HCV prevalence and incidence among Chinese blood donors from 2013 to 2016.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Whole blood and apheresis platelet donations collected from five Chinese blood centers from June 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016, were screened in parallel by two different enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for anti‐HIV 1/2, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti‐HCV, and syphilis. Screening‐reactive samples were further confirmed by western blot. Confirmatory positive rates among first‐time and repeat donors were used to estimate the prevalence and incidence rates. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to examine factors associated with HCV infection.

RESULTS

A total of 1,276,544 donations were collected from five Chinese blood centers, of which an estimated 1203 were confirmed HCV positive. The overall HCV prevalence among first‐time donors was 166.56 per 100,000 donors (95% confidence interval, 156.04‐177.08). The HCV incidence rate was estimated to be 15.21 (95% confidence interval, 11.83‐19.56) per 100,000 person‐years among repeat donors. Multivariable logistic regression results showed that increased age, lower educational levels, ethnicity, and occupation were all important factors associated with HCV confirmatory status among first‐time donors (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

HCV infection is still an important concern for transfusion safety in China. Our findings indicate that continued strong efforts are needed to monitor and control the risk of transfusion‐transmitted HCV infection in China. Moreover, to reduce unnecessary donor loss, HCV donor screening procedures should be improved by incorporating confirmatory testing into routine blood center operations.
Severe CD4+ T‐cell lymphopenia is not observed in frequent plateletpheresis donors collected on the Fenwal Amicus
Authors: Gansner John M. , Papari Mona , Goldstein Jake , Gaufberg Rachel A. , Neuberg Donna , Makar Robert S. , Kaufman Richard M.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

In a recent study, we determined that 30% of frequent plateletpheresis donors collected using the Trima Accel Automated Blood Collection System (Terumo BCT) had a CD4+ T‐cell count below 200 cells/μL. Whether CD4+ T‐cell lymphopenia is associated with donation using other plateletpheresis instruments is unknown.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We obtained blood samples from 30 current frequent Fenwal Amicus plateletpheresis donors. All participants had made 20 to 24 plateletpheresis donations in the most recent 365‐day period, and all had previously donated over 50 times on the Fenwal Amicus instrument. Blood samples were analyzed to determine blood counts, including CD4+ and CD8+ counts.

RESULTS

Of 30 study participants, none had a CD4+ count below 200 cells/μL. There was one participant with a CD4+ count between 200 and 300 cells/μL. This individual was over the age of 55 and had a history of more than 300 lifetime plateletpheresis sessions. One participant had a CD8+ count below the lower limit of normal (125 cells/μL) and a normal CD4+ count.

CONCLUSION

We did not detect severe CD4+ lymphopenia in frequent platelet donors undergoing plateletpheresis with the Fenwal Amicus. Since the Fenwal Amicus does not incorporate a leukoreduction system chamber, this finding supports the hypothesis that such chambers—found in the Trima Accel instrument—contribute to CD4+ lymphopenia in frequent platelet donors.
Protein characterization using electrophoresis and immunofixation; a case‐based review of dogs and cats
Authors: Moore A Russell , Avery Paul R.
Published: July 2019

Protein electrophoresis and immunotyping can be a useful adjunct to the standard biochemical techniques for characterizing serum and urine proteins. This paper reviews currently available and commonly used methods for diagnostic protein electrophoresis, including both agarose gel and capillary zone electrophoretic techniques and total protein assessments. Immunofixation and immunosubtraction methods for identification of immunoglobulin location and class are also presented. Practical application of quality assurance and quality control strategies in compliance with American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) best practices are discussed. Commonly encountered serum and urine electrophoretic diagnostic patterns, including electrophoretically normal, acute‐phase protein responses, polyclonal gammopathies, restricted polyclonal/oligoclonal gammopathies, paraproteinemias (monoclonal or biclonal gammopathies), and Bence‐Jones proteinurias are also reviewed using relevant case material. Cases in which immunofixation electrophoresis are particularly useful are highlighted, and methodologies to more accurately quantify serum monoclonal proteins (M‐proteins), monitoring tests commonly used in human medicine, are discussed.
Fundamental principles of rehabilitation and musculoskeletal tissue healing
Authors: Kirkby Shaw Kristin , Alvarez Leilani , Foster Sasha A. , Tomlinson Julia E. , Shaw Aaron J. , Pozzi Antonio
Published: July 2019

Objective

To review fundamental principles of tissue healing and physical rehabilitation as they apply to dogs recovering from cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) surgery.

Study design

Invited Review.

Sample population

None.

Methods

A multidisciplinary group of specialists in small animal surgery, rehabilitation/sports medicine, and human physical and occupational therapy reviewed the currently available evidence for rehabilitation post‐CCL surgery. Because current evidence is limited, this group proposes guidelines for rehabilitation after CCL surgery based on the fundamental principles of tissue healing and physical therapy.

Results

This Review proposes four fundamental principles of small animal physical rehabilitation based on the foundations of tissue healing and patient‐centric and goal‐oriented therapy. Postoperative rehabilitation programs should be designed such that patient progress is based on individual assessment according to the degree of tissue healing, strength, and achievement of functional goals. Therapists must fully understand phases of tissue healing, reassess the patient frequently, and use clinical reasoning skills to progress treatment appropriately for the individual patient.

Conclusion

Until more robust evidence is available to guide treatment protocols, fundamental principles of rehabilitation should ideally be adhered to when providing rehabilitation, including after CCL surgery.

Clinical significance

While this Review specifically addresses post‐CCL surgery rehabilitation, these fundamental principles should be applied broadly to animals enrolled in rehabilitation programs.
Outcomes of dogs treated for extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts with thin film banding or ameroid ring constrictor
Authors: Matiasovic Matt , Chanoit Guillaume P. A. , Meakin Lee B. , Tivers Mickey S.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare the outcomes of dogs treated at a single institution for single extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) by thin film banding (TFB) or by placement of an ameroid constrictor (AC).

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Seventy‐six client‐owned dogs with CPSS treated with TFB (n = 53) or AC (n = 23).

Methods

Records were reviewed for signalment, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management and short‐term outcomes. Data on second surgeries were reviewed. Long‐term outcomes were obtained via an owner‐directed health‐related quality of life questionnaire. The rates of complications, mortality, and revision surgery were compared between the treatment groups.

Results

Postoperative complications occurred in 15 (28%) dogs with TFB (9% mortality, n = 5) and 8 (35%) dogs with an AC (4% mortality, n = 1). Long‐term follow‐up was available in 41 of 56 dogs at a median of 55 months (range, 15‐89). Revision surgery for persistent shunting was performed in 14 (29%) dogs treated initially with TFB and in no dogs treated initially with AC (P = .007). Median long‐term outcome scores were good in both groups; nine of 14 revision surgeries led to favorable outcomes.

Conclusion

Persistent shunting requiring revision surgery was more common when CPSS were treated with TFB than with an AC, but both treatments achieved favorable long‐term outcomes.

Clinical significance

Treatment of CPPS by placement of an AC rather than TFB seems more reliable for shunt attenuation and prevention of revision surgeries.
As an Educator, The Evaluation of the Competences of Coaches from the Point of View of the Elite Athletes: The Case of Elite Taekwondo Athletes
Authors: Salman Melih Nuri
Published: July 2019

This study was aimed at identifying the perceptions and assessments of elite taekwondo athletes toward coaching efficacy. The purposeful sample consisted of 77 elite taekwondo athletes who took part in Turkish national teams, won prizes in Turkish championships or prspective promising athletes. The research data were gathered by using the "Athletes' Assessment of Coaching Efficacy Questionnaire", a 5-point Likert type questionnaire that comprises 26 questions and was adjusted to Turkish and developed by Salman (2012) based on the "Coaching Confidence Questionnaire" developed by Feltz et al. (1999). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was .967. The study used the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Barlett's test to explain the suitability of the research data for explanatory factor analysis, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was found .907. To analyze the data, t test, One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were performed. No significant difference was found between the groups for coaching efficacy belief based on age group and training age (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in favor of men in all dimensions in relation to gender (p<0.05). As for sports career and national team participation, the study found a significant difference between the all groups (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, the athletes expressed their coaches were sufficient in terms of technique and strategy while they had some deficiencies in character building and motivation.
Affine quadrics and the Picard group of the motivic category
Authors: Vishik Alexander
Published: July 2019

In this paper we study the subgroup of the Picard group of Voevodsky’s category of geometric motives$\operatorname{DM}_{\text{gm}}(k;\mathbb{Z}/2)$generated by the reduced motives of affine quadrics. Our main tools here are the functors of Bachmann [On the invertibility of motives of affine quadrics, Doc. Math.22(2017), 363–395], but we also provide an alternative method. We show that the group in question can be described in terms of indecomposable direct summands in the motives of projective quadrics over$k$. In particular, we describe all the relations among the reduced motives of affine quadrics. We also extend the criterion of motivic equivalence of projective quadrics.
Imposing a Node at a Desired Location Along a Beam Under Harmonic Base Excitation: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Porter J. H. , Harvey P. S.
Published: July 2019

Vibration absorbers are commonly used to reduce unwanted structural vibrations. In this paper, a vibration absorber composed of a sprung mass is used to enforce a location of zero displacement (or node) at a specified location on a Euler–Bernoulli beam under harmonic base excitation. Closed-form expressions for the optimal tuning of the auxiliary spring-mass system are found, and the results are presented for the cases of the attachment and node located at the same and different locations. The assumed modes method is used, so the results can be applied for arbitrary boundary conditions. To aid in the design process, this paper also characterizes the sensitivity of the displacement at the desired node location to parametric variations. Sensitivities are considered with respect to the base excitation frequency and the attachment mass, stiffness, and location. The sensitivities of the system highlight some feasible but less desirable attachment locations. Numerical and experimental results for a cantilever beam are presented to illustrate the proposed method and the effects of mistuning.
FDA enforcement actions plummet under Trump
Authors: Piller Charles
Published: July 2019

Agency is sending many fewer warning letters
Details revealed on NIH probe of foreign ties
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: July 2019

Official overseeing inquiry reveals undisclosed firings and returned funds from universities
NASA to fly drone on Titan
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: July 2019

Dragonfly quadcopter will scout saturnian moon for life
Epigenetics comes to RNA
Authors: Garber Ken
Published: July 2019

Chemical tags on RNA drive cancer or enhance memory
DNA reveals European roots of the ancient Philistines
Authors: Gibbons Ann
Published: July 2019

3000-year-old burials identify the enemies of the Biblical Israelites and shore up legends of Bronze Age migration
Quest for fire
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: July 2019

Rob McGinnis aims to use renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into gasoline
Targeting a ceramide double bond improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis
Authors: Chaurasia Bhagirath , Tippetts Trevor S. , Mayoral Monibas Rafael , Liu Jinqi , Li Ying , Wang Liping , Wilkerson Joseph L. , Sweeney C. Rufus , Pereira Renato Felipe , Sumida Doris Hissako , Maschek J. Alan , Cox James E. , Kaddai Vincent , Lancaster Graeme Iain , Siddique Monowarul Mobin , Poss Annelise , Pearson Mackenzie , Satapati Santhosh , Zhou Heather , McLaren David G. , Previs Stephen F. , Chen Ying , Qian Ying , Petrov Aleksandr , Wu Margaret , Shen Xiaolan , Yao Jun , Nunes Christian N. , Howard Andrew D. , Wang Liangsu , Erion Mark D. , Rutter Jared , Holland William L. , Kelley David E. , Summers Scott A.
Published: July 2019

Ceramides in focus

Excess calorie intake can ultimately lead to a metabolic syndrome that interferes with fat or lipid metabolism. There are many different types of lipids, and it has been widely debated which are the true culprits underlying metabolic disorders. Chaurasia
et al.
report that ceramides are the major contributor to insulin resistance and fatty liver disease (see the Perspective by Kusminski and Scherer). This appears to be caused by the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1), which is normally involved in ceramide production by inserting a double bond into the backbone of the molecule. In mice fed a high-fat diet, deletion of DES1 improved glucose and lipid metabolism.

Science
, this issue p.
386
; see also p.
319
The great Atlantic
Sargassum
belt
Authors: Wang Mengqiu , Hu Chuanmin , Barnes Brian B. , Mitchum Gary , Lapointe Brian , Montoya Joseph P.
Published: July 2019

The biggest bloom

Floating mats of
Sargassum
seaweed in the center of the North Atlantic were first reported by Christopher Columbus in the 15th century. These mats, although abundant, have until recently been limited and discontinuous. However, Wang
et al.
report that, since 2011, the mats have increased in density and aerial extent to generate a 8850-kilometer-long belt that extends from West Africa to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico (see the Perspective by Gower and King). This represents the world's largest macroalgal bloom. Such recurrent blooms may become the new normal.

Science
, this issue p.
83
; see also p.
27
Regulating genetic biohacking
Authors: Zettler Patricia J. , Guerrini Christi J. , Sherkow Jacob S.
Published: July 2019

Emphasize community engagement, not perfect compliance
Molecular Identification, Antifungal Susceptibility Testing, and Mechanisms of Azole Resistance in
Aspergillus
Species Received within a Surveillance Program on Antifungal Resistance in Spain
Authors: Rivero-Menendez Olga , Soto-Debran Juan Carlos , Medina Narda , Lucio Jose , Mellado Emilia , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana
Published: July 2019

Antifungal resistance is one of the major causes of the increasing mortality rates for fungal infections, especially for those caused by
Aspergillus
spp. A surveillance program was established in 2014 in the Spanish National Center for Microbiology for tracking resistance in the most prevalent
Aspergillus
species. A total of 273 samples were included in the study and were initially classified as susceptible or resistant according to EUCAST breakpoints.
Genomic Analysis Identifies Novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance Genes under Selection during Inhaled Aztreonam Therapy
In Vivo
Authors: McLean Kathryn , Lee Duankun , Holmes Elizabeth A. , Penewit Kelsi , Waalkes Adam , Ren Mingxin , Lee Samuel A. , Gasper Joseph , Manoil Colin , Salipante Stephen J.
Published: July 2019

Inhaled aztreonam is increasingly used for chronic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
suppression in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but the potential for that organism to evolve aztreonam resistance remains incompletely explored. Here, we performed genomic analysis of clonally related pre- and posttreatment CF clinical isolate pairs to identify genes that are under positive selection during aztreonam therapy
in vivo
.
Protective Role of Kupffer Cells and Macrophages in Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Liver Abscess Disease
Authors: Hoh Chu Han , Tan Yi Han , Gan Yunn-Hwen
Published: July 2019

Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced liver abscess (KLA) is emerging as a leading cause of pyogenic liver abscess worldwide. In recent years, the emergence of hypervirulentK. pneumoniae(hvKp) has been strongly associated with KLA. Unlike classicalK. pneumoniae, which generally infects the immunocompromised population, hvKp can cause serious and invasive infections in young and healthy individuals. hvKp isolates are often associated with the K1/K2 capsular types and possess hypermucoviscous capsules.
Identification of an Autorepressing Two-Component Signaling System That Modulates Virulence in Streptococcus suis Serotype 2
Authors: Zhong Xiaojun , Zhang Yue , Zhu Yinchu , Dong Wenyang , Ma Jiale , Pan Zihao , Yao Huochun
Published: July 2019

Streptococcus suis
is one of the most important pathogens affecting the swine industry and is also an emerging zoonotic agent for humans. Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) play important roles in the adaptation of pathogenic bacteria to host environments. In this study, we identified a novel TCS, named TCS09HKRR, which facilitated
Streptococcus suis
serotype 2 (SS2) resistance to clearance by the host immune system and contributed to bacterial pathogenicity.
Insights into the Physiology and Metabolism of a Mycobacterial Cell in an Energy-Compromised State
Authors: Patil Varsha , Jain Vikas
Published: July 2019

M. smegmatis
generates an inadequate amount of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation and mandatorily requires oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for its growth and metabolism. Here, we explored the influence of suboptimal OXPHOS on
M. smegmatis
physiology and metabolism.
M. smegmatis
harbors two identical copies of the
atpD
gene, which codes for the ATP synthase β subunit. Here, we carried out the deletion of only one copy of
atpD
in
M. smegmatis
to understand the bacterial survival response in an energy-deprived state.
M. smegmatis
Δ
atpD
shows remarkable phenotypic, metabolic, and physiological differences from the wild type. Our study thus establishes
M. smegmatis
Δ
atpD
as an energy-compromised mycobacterial strain, highlights the importance of ATP synthase in mycobacterial physiology, and further paves the way for the identification of novel antimycobacterial drug targets.
The Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor GBF1 Participates in Rotavirus Replication
Authors: Martínez José L. , Arnoldi Francesca , Schraner Elisabeth M. , Eichwald Catherine , Silva-Ayala Daniela , Lee Eunjoo , Sztul Elizabeth , Burrone Óscar R. , López Susana , Arias Carlos F.
Published: July 2019

Rotavirus, a member of the family
Reoviridae
, is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children and young animals worldwide. Despite significant advances in the characterization of the biology of this virus, the mechanisms involved in morphogenesis of the virus particle are still poorly understood. In this work, we show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1, relevant for COPI/Arf1-mediated cellular vesicular transport, participates in the replication cycle of the virus, influencing the correct processing of viral glycoproteins VP7 and NSP4 and the assembly of the virus surface proteins VP7 and VP4.
The magnitude of small-study effects in theCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: an empirical study of nearly 30 000 meta-analyses
Authors: Lin Lifeng , Shi Linyu , Chu Haitao , Murad Mohammad Hassan
Published: July 2019

Publication bias, more generally termed as small-study effect, is a major threat to the validity of meta-analyses. Most meta-analysts rely on the p values from statistical tests to make a binary decision about the presence or absence of small-study effects. Measures are available to quantify small-study effects’ magnitude, but the current literature lacks clear rules to help evidence users in judging whether such effects are minimal or substantial. This article aims to provide rules of thumb for interpreting the measures. We use six measures to evaluate small-study effects in 29 932 meta-analyses from theCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. They include Egger’s regression intercept and the skewness under both the fixed-effect and random-effects settings, the proportion of suppressed studies, and the relative change of the estimated overall result due to small-study effects. The cut-offs for different extents of small-study effects are determined based on the quantiles in these distributions. We present the empirical distributions of the six measures and propose a rough guide to interpret the measures’ magnitude. The proposed rules of thumb may help evidence users grade the certainty in evidence as impacted by small-study effects.