bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation by Enterocyte Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism
Authors: Wisidagama Dona R , Thummel Carl S
Published: September 2019

Multiple signaling pathways in the adult Drosophila enterocyte sense cellular damage or stress and signal to intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to undergo proliferation and differentiation, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Here we show that misregulation of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in enterocytes can stimulate ISC proliferation and differentiation. Our studies focus on the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC), which is an evolutionarily-conserved protein complex that resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and transports cytoplasmic pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix. Loss of MPC function in enterocytes induces Unpaired cytokine expression, which activates the JAK/STAT pathway in ISCs, promoting their proliferation. Upd3 and JNK signaling are required in enterocytes for ISC proliferation, indicating that this reflects a canonical non-cell autonomous damage response. Disruption of lactate dehydrogenase in enterocytes has no effect on ISC proliferation but it suppresses the proliferative response to a loss of enterocyte MPC function, suggesting that lactate contributes to this pathway. These studies define an important role for cellular pyruvate metabolism in differentiated enterocytes to maintain stem cell proliferation rates.
Evolution of approaches to the essence of the notion «professional health»
Authors: Гнітько І. В.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the ways of evolution, formation and regularities of the development of the term «professional health».A theoretical analysis of the problem of professional health was conducted, which made it possible to present his generalized understanding.Professional health is understood by us as the state of somatopsychic, socio-psychological and moral and ethical well-being of workers who enable them to perform their professional duties at the lowest cost and most effective, for the actions of any factors that accompany their professional activities.On this basis, we have identified the main components of professional health specialist in public administration.The level of scientific research of the topic by the domestic and foreign scientists is determined.The diversity and ambiguity of scientific views on the modern understanding of professional health in the system of public administration is emphasized. It is noted that the interpretation of this concept differs depending on its subjects, forms and methods of realization. The availability of certain resources of a public servant is not yet a guarantee of their use, but at the same time they determine the content of the mechanisms, strategies, styles and behaviors that a public official uses.It is concluded that professional health is the ability of the body to accumulate and maintain resources that ensure the performance of professional activities under the internal organizational conditions of work. Professional health is one of the informative indicators of the state of social health, which reacts sensitively not only to socio-economic changes, quality of life, etc., but also to working conditions.
Innovative mechanisms in public administration: foresight
Authors: Квітка С. А.
Published: September 2019

The­article­deals­with­the­theoretical­aspects­of­Forsythe­technology­as­an­innovative­mechanism­forforming­partnerships­between­public­authorities­and­business.­As­foreign­experience­shows,­the­implementationof­Forsyth­projects­allows­for­effective­interaction­between­these­most­influential­actors­in­political­andeconomic­life.­It­is­within­the­framework­of­Forsyte-projects­that­the­possibility­of­both­designing­the­goalsof­social­development­and­the­identification­of­ways­to­achieve­them­is­created.­Implementation­of­the­newestmechanisms­of­strategic­coordination­of­the­efforts­of­the­authorities­and­business­is­an­actual­topic­for­Ukrainein­the­conditions­of­the­structural­socio-political­and­socio-economic­crisis.­The­author­draws­attention­to­thepossibility­of­combining­the­efforts­of­various­sectors­of­society­within­the­framework­of­Forsyte­projects­atthe­regional­and­local­levels,­where­the­possibilities­of­cooperation­of­power­and­business­are­much­larger­thanat­the­national­level.­This­can­have­a­positive­effect­on­the­strategic­success­of­the­development­of­territoriesin­the­future,­while­ensuring­transparency­of­the­actions­of­both­the­authorities­and­business.­Meanwhile,­inUkraine,­Foresight­still­held­only­as­projects­for­forecasting­and­developing­scenarios­for­the­developmentof­the­country­and­certain­spheres­of­public­life.­There­is­very­little­potential­for­Forsyth­as­an­innovativemechanism­for­designing­the­future­and­for­interaction­between­government­and­business.­The­article­statesthat­in­Ukraine,­the­mutual­influence­of­public­authorities­and­business­in­the­implementation­of­Forsythes,in­the­context­of­the­weakness­of­civil­society,­is­one­of­the­main­factors­in­achieving­the­positive­goals­of­thefuture­in­the­economy,­in­public­policy,­and­in­the­social­and­humanitarian­sphere.­The­author­also­examinesthe­specific­mechanisms­and­methods­of­implementing­Forsythes­projects­used­in­technologically­advancedcountries­and­the­possibilities­of­their­application­in­Ukraine.
Doctrinal problems of the municipal statute norm-setting (axiological, ontological and teleological aspects)
Authors: Батанов O. В. , Кравченко В. В.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the conceptual problems of statutory rulemaking in local self-government. Conceptual analysis of axiological aspects of municipal statute norm-making is carried out. There is a connection with the axiology of the municipal statute law of the problem of its ontological significance. It is substantiated that the disclosure of ontological aspects of municipal statutory rulemaking will show the role of territorial communities as a special form of law in terms of the embodiment of the ideals of municipal democracy as a person, a member of a territorial community. The essential features and substantiated structural, informative and functional characteristics of the institute of statutory law in the local self-government are revealed. Attention is drawn to the coordination-integration and orientation-coordination value of the municipal statutory norm-setting. Established sources and forms of statutory law in local self-government and substantiated the basic organizational and legal patterns of its development. The system of functions of the statutory right, to which the authors include such as: legitimate, managerial, regulatory, innovative, reformatory, right of establishment, human rights, ethics are given.

It is concluded that an important criterion for determining the effectiveness of the statutes of territorial communities and the system of their functions, their social value is the effectiveness of the implementation of these functions in order to fulfill the tasks and objectives laid down in the municipal statutory regulation. Municipal statutory law - nothing if its provisions are not implemented in the activities of territorial communities and their members – the inhabitants of villages, settlements and cities, in municipal-legal relations. It is impossible to understand the value, essence, content, functional and teleological purpose of municipal law, if we deviate from the mechanism of its realization in the life of a society of specific territorial communities. This statement, first of all, should be attributed to the assessment of the statutes of territorial communities, their norms and functions. In other words, the statutes of territorial communities remain completely ineffective documents, and their prescriptions – abstraction, devoid of real meaning and practical significance, in the case where, firstly, the adoption of the statutes of territorial communities did not have objective preconditions; and secondly, the statutes of territorial communities do not have a real impact on social relations in the field of local self-government. Therefore, the effectiveness of the existence and functioning of the statutes of territorial communities and their normative requirements is determined by the degree of their implementation.
Organizational and legal principles of application of media in the system of public administration
Authors: Бородін Є. Є.
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the organizational and legal grounds for using the procedure of mediation in the system of public administration in Ukraine. The author examines the evolution of the legal and regulatory framework for the implementation of the mediation institute. According to the author, the priority direction of the development of mediation is its application as an independent form of public litigation settlement, which exists along with other ways of protecting civil rights. In this case, we are talking about mediation as an integral part of a unified system of regulation and resolution of legal disputes by public administration. 

The purpose of the article is to study the organizational and legal grounds for the introduction of mediation in the system of public administration. The author analyzes the foreign experience of the organization and regulation of private mediation and highlights the following models: a "market" approach where mediation is considered as a service provided by individuals and organizations mainly on a commercial basis; public-law approach, when mediation is considered as one of the types of professional activity, to a certain extent controlled by the state; self-regulation approach, when mediation is also considered as one of the types of professional activity, but the establishment and monitoring of standards is carried out by the professional community of mediators. It is concluded that self-regulation is the most rational approach to organizing a mediation institution that responds both to public and public interests. Thus, the objectives of regulatory regulation should be limited to the recognition of mediation as an independent way of resolving legal disputes, the creation of legal conditions and the establishment of certain benchmarks for the further development and improvement of this institution.
Current state and prospects of the management tools development for territorial communities’ cooperation support in Ukraine
Authors: Ігнат О. В. , Маматова Т. В.
Published: September 2019

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the framework of scientific discussionof the subject area of territorial communities’s cooperation development in Ukraine, which is clarified inthe main normative documents, scientific, practical-oriented and methodical publications. It was stated thatin 2013–2018, in the field of scientific and methodological support for processes of territorial communities’cooperation, a number of analytical materials were prepared regarding the processes of concludingagreements on cooperation’s documentation and methodological recommendations on their basis, educationaland practical manuals were issued, several scientific studies were implemented, sections were created onspecialized web resources, a distance learning course was developed. It has been determined that these effortsproved to be inadequate, which results in a situation where the number of communities using the mechanismof intermunicipal cooperation in Ukraine remains relatively low. The state and dynamics of development ofintermunicipal cooperation processes in Ukraine have been analysed, which allowed formulating a scientificproblem that needs to be solved in the near future, namely: there is a contradiction between the urgent needfor the management tools development for territorial communities’ cooperation support in the conditions ofdecentralization in Ukraine and the lack of conceptual and methodological provision for these processes. A listof the main tasks of integrated scientific research aimed at solving this problem is given, in particular, the studyof existing models of territorial communities’ cooperation from the point of view of introducing the necessarychanges in the forms, methods and procedures of the domestic public administration bodies, clarification ofthe concepts of the study’s scope, the definition of the basic principles and practices approved and recognizedby the international community, the conceptual model of territorial communities’ cooperation support at theregional level formation, the development of methodological approaches to measuring the success and degreeof maturity in the field of territorial communities’ cooperation as the basis of continuous improvement.
Implementation of international standards in local government as a key to sustainable development
Authors: Бортнік О. В.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the most relevant international standards created to promote the developmentand increase the efficiency of local government structures. The works of domestic and foreign authors isanalyzed, defining the role of the local government potential in ensuring sustainable development of theregions. The link between UN global goals and the standards adopted by the International Organizationfor Standardization for sustainable development is analysed. Were taken into consideration the standardsconnected with work of local government authorities: ISO 9001:2015 «Quality management systems –Requirements», ISO 18091:2019 «Quality management systems – Guidelines for the application of ISO9001 in local government», ISO 37120:2018 «Sustainable cities and communities – Indicators for cityservices and quality of life», ISO 31000 «Risk Management – Guidelines», IEC 31010 «Risk Management– Risk Assessment Techniques», ISO 22301:2012 «Societal security – Business continuity managementsystems – Requirements», ISO 20121:2012 «Event sustainability management systems – Requirementswith guidance for use». Presented opinion about relevance of the seven quality management principles to local government and degree of their implementation in local government in Ukraine. The key features ofthese standards and their role in improving the quality of life of the population and the efficiency of thework of local government bodies are considered. Examples of quality management systems implementationexperience in local government abroad (based on Italian research) and feedback on the results are provided.Provided examples and explanation of city indicators according to ISO 37120. And how standards canhelp prepare and respond properly in the most unpredictable situations, contribute to effective disaster riskmanagement through the provision of universal tools and mechanisms at the city, state and regional levels ofgovernment. The possibilities of applying international practice in Ukraine are considered and importanceof international standards’ implementation in local government as a key to sustainable development wereexamined.
Main composition of information security of the state
Authors: Турчак А. В.
Published: September 2019

The article clarifies the main components of state information security. It has been established that the interestsof any country depend to a large extent on the preservation of information security. Create a well-developedand secure information environment - an indispensable task for public and state development. The world hasundergone qualitative changes in recent management processes due to the intensive implementation of moderninformation technologies. At the same time, unauthorized interference with the workflow of any informationsystem becomes more likely, and the significance of the consequences of this danger has increased significantly.As a result, many countries are paying more attention to the problem of information protection and the search forappropriate solutions. It was discovered that the phenomenon of "information security" involves the high-qualityinforming of people and free access to various information bases, but there should also be control actions fornon-dissemination of classified information, maintenance of the society in a state of integrity, protection againstany negative informational influence, etc. Solving this complex problem issue will enable both the protection ofpublic and state interests, as well as the promotion of the rights of the citizen to comprehensive and high-qualityinformation. It has been proved that the study of issues of state information security makes it possible to say thatinformation security is based on the information organization of the country. This organization should provide aguarantee of informational security of the state and its subjects during the globalization processes and increasingthe threat posed by international terrorism. Unfortunately, Ukraine has a lot of factors that hinder the creationof such an information organization; the role of non-coordination of the work of state authorities in providinginformation security plays a role here. Thus, the scientific analysis of a number of problematic issues regardingthe development and implementation of state policy within the information sphere is of particular importancetoday, since their solution will enable for the development of a society that is informational in nature and thus willensure the national and informational security of Ukraine.
Analysis of theoretical and methodical approaches to the definition of state regulation mechanisms in the field of construction
Authors: Прав Ю. Г.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to questions of theoretical and methodological provision of state regulation ofeconomic systems, in particular the construction industry. The article presents the theoretical definition ofthe category of state regulation mechanism as the main structural element of this system. The analysis ofmechanisms of state regulation is carried out, the results of which are proposed classification of mechanismsof state regulation by the nature of their influence on the object of public administration. The analysis oftheoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of the state regulation mechanism gave the opportunityto develop a system of grouping these approaches, to identify their advantages and disadvantages and toformulate the author's definition of the concept of state regulation of the construction industry based on theachievements of the representatives of the system approach.The classification of mechanisms of state regulation has been carried out, which showed that themain means of influence on the object of state management can be accumulated in the following blocks:regulatory, organizational, economic, informational and tax. These are the components of the state'sregulatory policy aimed at streamlining economic activity, in particular in the field of construction. In theanalysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the category of state regulation,three groups of these approaches are distinguished: structural, defining the components of state regulation,functional, describing the category from the point of view of those functions that it has to execute, and thesystem that reflects the complexity of the concept state regulation.
Raphael, the Virgin Mary, and Holy Matrimony: Recontextualizing Franz Liszt's Sposalizio
Authors: Calella Michele
Published: September 2019

Sposalizio, the piece opening the “Italian year” of Franz Liszt's Années de pèlerinage (first published in 1858), is one of the most analyzed and interpreted compositions in this piano cycle. Much attention has been paid to its connection with the painting of the same title by Raphael, which was printed as an internal title page for the piece's first edition at the explicit request of the composer. This connection has inspired many studies on the relationship between image and music, reinforcing the notion of Sposalizio as a musical realization of Raphael's painting as seen by Liszt for the first time in February 1838 at the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan. Adopting a critical view of the hermeneutical tradition, which has an impact on the interpretation of the piece still today, and assuming that its composition began in Weimar only around 1848, the article proposes an alternative reading of the piece. By connecting pictorial and musical elements, Sposalizio seems to evoke several cultural discourses and practices fundamental to Liszt's artistic and biographical background, such as Raphael's image as a genius, the revival of Marian devotion, and marriage as a sacrament of the Catholic Church.
Musical Exchange and Interaction between Eisler and Schoenberg, Evidenced by their Serial Music
Authors: Ahn So-Yung
Published: September 2019

This study demonstrates that Hanns Eisler's serial music composed in the early 1920s and his cantatas created in the 1930s are interrelated with Arnold Schoenberg's serial music. The specific purpose is to reveal the musical interactions between the two composers, such as how Eisler was influenced by Schoenberg, and how Eisler himself influenced Schoenberg. The former aspect is highlighted by the analysis of Schoenberg's Suite für Klavier (1923) and Eisler's Zweite Sonate für Klavier (1925). The latter is shown while Eisler's Deutsche Symphonie from the 1930s and Schoenberg's A Survivor from Warsaw (1947) are subjected to a comparative analysis. Eisler was not simply a pupil who renounced Schoenberg's teachings, but a “true disciple” who succeeded Schoenberg's serial technique in a manner comparable to that of Webern and Berg and who, in addition, was a musical companion of Schoenberg, influencing Schoenberg's later music.
Medical students’ preferences regarding Psychiatry teaching: a comparison of different lecture delivery methods
Authors: Petrie Katherine , Trollor Julian , Dean Kimberlie , Harvey Samuel
Published: September 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Integration of e-learning and digital resources into university medical education is growing. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation and comparison of different teaching methods. This study examined medical student feedback regarding Psychiatry lectures using routinely collected administrative data, comparing different lecture delivery methods. Method: A quasi-experimental study involving undergraduate medical students undertaking their Psychiatry term at UNSW Sydney was conducted over a three year period. Lectures were delivered in class face-to-face, or via video recording. Data on student ratings of perceived usefulness of the lecture was collated. Differences in students' ratings between lecture delivery methods were examined with independent sample students' t-test in SPSS. Results: Across the three years, four lectures on identical topics with the same pre-prepared content were delivered using different delivery methods, two face-to-face and two via video recording, to 102 medical students. Medical students rated face-to-face lectures to be significantly more useful than video lectures (t (86.9) = 4.902 (p<0.001)). Conclusion: Psychiatry lectures delivered in class were perceived by medical students as more useful than video recordings of the same content. This suggests traditional teaching methods are still valued by students and supports their continued use in clinical Psychiatry education.
Transductive Bounds for the Multi-Class Majority Vote Classifier
Authors: Feofanov Vasilii , Devijver Emilie , Amini Massih-Reza
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we propose a transductive bound over the risk of the majority vote classifier learned with partially labeled data for the multi-class classification. The bound is obtained by considering the class confusion matrix as an error indicator and it involves the margin distribution of the classifier over each class and a bound over the risk of the associated Gibbs classifier. When this latter bound is tight and, the errors of the majority vote classifier per class are concentrated on a low margin zone; we prove that the bound over the Bayes classifier’ risk is tight. As an application, we extend the self-learning algorithm to the multi-class case. The algorithm iteratively assigns pseudo-labels to a subset of unlabeled training examples that have their associated class margin above a threshold obtained from the proposed transductive bound. Empirical results on different data sets show the effectiveness of our approach compared to the same algorithm where the threshold is fixed manually, to the extension of TSVM to multi-class classification and to a graph-based semi-supervised algorithm.
Towards Reliable Learning for High Stakes Applications
Authors: Gao Jinyang , Yao Junjie , Shao Yingxia
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we focus on delivering reliable learning results for high stakes applications such as self-driving, financial investment and clinical diagnosis, where the accuracy of predictions is considered as a more crucial requirement than giving predictions for all query samples. We adopt the learning with reject option framework where the learning model only predict those samples which they convince to give the correct answer. However, for most prevailing deep learning predictors, the confidence estimated by the model themselves are far from reflecting the real generalization performance. To model the reliability of prediction concisely, we propose an exploratory solution called GALVE (Generative Adversarial Learning with Variance Expansion) which adopts generative adversarial learning to implicitly measure the region where the model achieve good generalization performance. By applying GALVE to measure the reliability of predictions, we achieved an error rate less than half of which straightforwardly measured by confidence in CIFAR10 and SVHN computer vision tasks.
Counting and Sampling from Markov Equivalent DAGs Using Clique Trees
Authors: Ghassami AmirEmad , Salehkaleybar Saber , Kiyavash Negar , Zhang Kun
Published: September 2019

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is the most common graphical model for representing causal relationships among a set of variables. When restricted to using only observational data, the structure of the ground truth DAG is identifiable only up to Markov equivalence, based on conditional independence relations among the variables. Therefore, the number of DAGs equivalent to the ground truth DAG is an indicator of the causal complexity of the underlying structure–roughly speaking, it shows how many interventions or how much additional information is further needed to recover the underlying DAG. In this paper, we propose a new technique for counting the number of DAGs in a Markov equivalence class. Our approach is based on the clique tree representation of chordal graphs. We show that in the case of bounded degree graphs, the proposed algorithm is polynomial time. We further demonstrate that this technique can be utilized for uniform sampling from a Markov equivalence class, which provides a stochastic way to enumerate DAGs in the equivalence class and may be needed for finding the best DAG or for causal inference given the equivalence class as input. We also extend our counting and sampling method to the case where prior knowledge about the underlying DAG is available, and present applications of this extension in causal experiment design and estimating the causal effect of joint interventions.
AFS: An Attention-Based Mechanism for Supervised Feature Selection
Authors: Gui Ning , Ge Danni , Hu Ziyin
Published: September 2019

As an effective data preprocessing step, feature selection has shown its effectiveness to prepare high-dimensional data for many machine learning tasks. The proliferation of high di-mension and huge volume big data, however, has brought major challenges, e.g. computation complexity and stability on noisy data, upon existing feature-selection techniques. This paper introduces a novel neural network-based feature selection architecture, dubbed Attention-based Feature Selec-tion (AFS). AFS consists of two detachable modules: an at-tention module for feature weight generation and a learning module for the problem modeling. The attention module for-mulates correlation problem among features and supervision target into a binary classification problem, supported by a shallow attention net for each feature. Feature weights are generated based on the distribution of respective feature selec-tion patterns adjusted by backpropagation during the training process. The detachable structure allows existing off-the-shelf models to be directly reused, which allows for much less training time, demands for the training data and requirements for expertise. A hybrid initialization method is also introduced to boost the selection accuracy for datasets without enough samples for feature weight generation. Experimental results show that AFS achieves the best accuracy and stability in comparison to several state-of-art feature selection algorithms upon both MNIST, noisy MNIST and several datasets with small samples.
MixUp as Locally Linear Out-of-Manifold Regularization
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Mao Yongyi , Zhang Richong
Published: September 2019

MixUp (Zhang et al. 2017) is a recently proposed dataaugmentation scheme, which linearly interpolates a random pair of training examples and correspondingly the one-hot representations of their labels. Training deep neural networks with such additional data is shown capable of significantly improving the predictive accuracy of the current art. The power of MixUp, however, is primarily established empirically and its working and effectiveness have not been explained in any depth. In this paper, we develop an understanding for MixUp as a form of “out-of-manifold regularization”, which imposes certain “local linearity” constraints on the model’s input space beyond the data manifold. This analysis enables us to identify a limitation of MixUp, which we call “manifold intrusion”. In a nutshell, manifold intrusion in MixUp is a form of under-fitting resulting from conflicts between the synthetic labels of the mixed-up examples and the labels of original training data. Such a phenomenon usually happens when the parameters controlling the generation of mixing policies are not sufficiently fine-tuned on the training data. To address this issue, we propose a novel adaptive version of MixUp, where the mixing policies are automatically learned from the data using an additional network and objective function designed to avoid manifold intrusion. The proposed regularizer, AdaMixUp, is empirically evaluated on several benchmark datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AdaMixUp improves upon MixUp when applied to the current art of deep classification models.
Smooth Deep Image Generator from Noises
Authors: Guo Tianyu , Xu Chang , Shi Boxin , Xu Chao , Tao Dacheng
Published: September 2019

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated a strong ability to fit complex distributions since they were presented, especially in the field of generating natural images. Linear interpolation in the noise space produces a continuously changing in the image space, which is an impressive property of GANs. However, there is no special consideration on this property in the objective function of GANs or its derived models. This paper analyzes the perturbation on the input of the generator and its influence on the generated images. A smooth generator is then developed by investigating the tolerable input perturbation. We further integrate this smooth generator with a gradient penalized discriminator, and design smooth GAN that generates stable and high-quality images. Experiments on real-world image datasets demonstrate the necessity of studying smooth generator and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Efficient and Scalable Multi-Task Regression on Massive Number of Tasks
Authors: He Xiao , Alesiani Francesco , Shaker Ammar
Published: September 2019

Many real-world large-scale regression problems can be formulated as Multi-task Learning (MTL) problems with a massive number of tasks, as in retail and transportation domains. However, existing MTL methods still fail to offer both the generalization performance and the scalability for such problems. Scaling up MTL methods to problems with a tremendous number of tasks is a big challenge. Here, we propose a novel algorithm, named Convex Clustering Multi-Task regression Learning (CCMTL), which integrates with convex clustering on the k-nearest neighbor graph of the prediction models. Further, CCMTL efficiently solves the underlying convex problem with a newly proposed optimization method. CCMTL is accurate, efficient to train, and empirically scales linearly in the number of tasks. On both synthetic and real-world datasets, the proposed CCMTL outperforms seven state-of-the-art (SoA) multi-task learning methods in terms of prediction accuracy as well as computational efficiency. On a real-world retail dataset with 23,812 tasks, CCMTL requires only around 30 seconds to train on a single thread, while the SoA methods need up to hours or even days.
Knowledge Distillation with Adversarial Samples Supporting Decision Boundary
Authors: Heo Byeongho , Lee Minsik , Yun Sangdoo , Choi Jin Young
Published: September 2019

Many recent works on knowledge distillation have provided ways to transfer the knowledge of a trained network for improving the learning process of a new one, but finding a good technique for knowledge distillation is still an open problem. In this paper, we provide a new perspective based on a decision boundary, which is one of the most important component of a classifier. The generalization performance of a classifier is closely related to the adequacy of its decision boundary, so a good classifier bears a good decision boundary. Therefore, transferring information closely related to the decision boundary can be a good attempt for knowledge distillation. To realize this goal, we utilize an adversarial attack to discover samples supporting a decision boundary. Based on this idea, to transfer more accurate information about the decision boundary, the proposed algorithm trains a student classifier based on the adversarial samples supporting the decision boundary. Experiments show that the proposed method indeed improves knowledge distillation and achieves the state-of-the-arts performance.
Recognizing Top-Monotonic Preference Profiles in Polynomial Time
Authors: Magiera Krzysztof , Faliszewski Piotr
Published: September 2019

We provide the first polynomial-time algorithm for recognizing if a profile of (possibly weak) preference orders is top-monotonic. Top-monotonicity is a generalization of the notions of single-peakedness and single-crossingness, defined by Barbera and Moreno. Top-monotonic profiles always have weak Condorcet winners and satisfy a variant of the median voter theorem. Our algorithm proceeds by reducing the recognition problem to the SAT-2CNF problem.
Patient Preferences for Use of Archived Biospecimens from Oncology Trials When Adequacy of Informed Consent Is Unclear
Authors: Peppercorn Jeffrey , Campbell Eric , Isakoff Steve , Horick Nora K. , Rabin Julia , Quain Katharine , Sequist Lecia V. , Bardia Aditya , Collyar Deborah , Hlubocky Fay , Mathews Debra
Published: September 2019

Background

Oncology research increasingly involves biospecimen collection and data sharing. Ethical challenges emerge when researchers seek to use archived biospecimens for purposes that were not well defined in the original informed consent document (ICD). We sought to inform ongoing policy debates by assessing patient views on these issues.

Materials and Methods

We administered a cross-sectional self-administered survey to patients with cancer at an academic medical center. Survey questions addressed attitudes toward cancer research, willingness to donate biospecimens, expectations regarding use of biospecimens, and preferences regarding specific ethical dilemmas.

Results

Among 240 participants (response rate 69%), virtually all (94%) indicated willingness to donate tissue for research. Most participants (86%) expected that donated tissue would be used for any research deemed scientifically important, and virtually all (94%) expected that the privacy of their health information would be protected. Broad use of stored biospecimens and data sharing with other researchers increased willingness to donate tissue. For three scenarios in which specific consent for proposed biobank research was unclear within the ICD, a majority of patient's favored allowing the research to proceed: 76% to study a different cancer, 88% to study both inherited (germline) and tumor specific (somatic) mutations, and 70% to permit data sharing. A substantial minority believed that research using stored biospecimens should only proceed with specific consent.

Conclusion

When debates arise over appropriate use of archived biospecimens, the interests of the research participants in seeing productive use of their blood or tissue should be considered, in addition to addressing concerns about potential risks and lack of specific consent.
Underground construction: working in high pressure compressed air
Authors: Lamont Donald , Slocombe Roy
Published: September 2019

Working in compressed air is a well recognised technique for tunnelling in soft, wet ground. This paper describes techniques for working in pressures of up to 15 bar, significantly above normal statutory limits. For health and safety reasons, working at such pressures requires the use of mixed-gas breathing mixtures and saturation exposure techniques. It requires a much greater knowledge of hyperbaric physiology than traditional compressed air work because of the toxic effects of oxygen and the narcotic effect of nitrogen at such pressures. The risks and mitigation measures for high-pressure work are explained.
Improving safety through design at London Underground’s Bank station capacity upgrade.
Authors: Anthony Cate , Kumpfmüller Sebastian , Feiersinger Andreas , Ares Juan
Published: September 2019

Early contractor involvement during the design of the UK’s London Underground Bank station capacity upgrade project helped to minimise health and safety risks. Design and construction teams for the sprayed-concrete-lined tunnel regularly interfaced to eliminate hazards where possible and, where not possible, control risks through best practice. This paper outlines some previous incidents from tunnelling projects in London. It then explains how these risks were dealt with through the Bank project tunnel design and how innovative, safety-related solutions were successfully implemented during construction.
Experiments and DEM analysis on vibration reduction of soilbags
Authors: Wang Y. Q. , Li X. , Liu K. , Liu G.
Published: September 2019

Soilbags have been widely used to reinforce foundations since they effectively reduce vibrations. The vibration reduction effects of soilbags were illustrated through vertical excitations and the discrete element method (DEM) from two different perspectives. The frequency response and theoretical analyses of the wave propagation were used with excitations from a macroscopic perspective. The results show that the attenuation of vibrations using soilbags can be greatly reduced. The DEM simulations for a single soilbag were performed from the microscale perspective. The results revealed that the energy transfer and dissipation within a particulate system can be well captured, and the calculated energy obeyed the law of energy conservation. Under different loading rates, the percentage of energy dissipation exhibited wavy fluctuations with loading and unloading. The percentage of total energy dissipation was more than 70%, which also effectively proved that soilbags have good damping effects.
Experimental and numerical study on square anchor plate groups in geogrid reinforced sand
Authors: Choudhary A. K. , Pandit B. , Sivakumar Babu G. L.
Published: September 2019

The paper investigates the behaviour of groups of horizontal square anchor plates in geogrid-reinforced sand using laboratory model tests. The optimum spacing for two anchor plates in unreinforced sand is 3.4 times the anchor width. The unreinforced groups of anchor plates show a clear failure at a displacement of about 5% of the anchor width, whereas this value increases to more than 45% for reinforced groups along with a two-fold increase in uplift capacity. The optimum width and length of the geogrid reinforcement for groups of two anchors is found to be 5 and 9.4 times the width of the anchor plate, respectively. The performance improvement for isolated anchor plates is found to be maximum and gradually reduces with an increase in the number of plates; however, this reduction is much less in groups of two to four. Therefore, the results obtained from the model tests for reinforced groups of two to four anchor plates can be conveniently used to extrapolate the uplift capacity of multiple anchor plate systems in a reinforced soil mass. The model test results show a reasonably good agreement with the three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis results.
A state-dependent constitutive model for methane hydrate-bearing sediments inside the stability region
Authors: Ng Charles Wang Wai , Baghbanrezvan Sina , Kadlicek Tomas , Zhou Chao
Published: September 2019

The presence of methane hydrate in soil pores alters the stress–strain and volumetric behaviour of soil. The extent of this alteration is affected by initial temperature and pore pressure when hydrate is formed inside the thermodynamically stable region. In this paper, a state-dependent critical state model is developed for methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBS) within the theoretical framework of bounding surface plasticity. A phase parameter is newly introduced into the constitutive model to account for the coupled effects of temperature and pore pressure on the mechanical behaviour of MHBS. This unique feature of the proposed model enables it to capture the behaviour of MHBS inside the methane hydrate stability region. A non-associated flow rule is adopted and a modified dilatancy expression is proposed considering the degree of hydrate saturation, phase parameter and stress state of MHBS. To verify the new model, computed results are compared to measured results of drained triaxial tests on MHBS with different morphologies and at different effective confining stresses, degrees of hydrate saturation and phase states inside the stability region. The comparison reveals that the model is capable of capturing the key features such as the evident strain-softening behaviour due to hydrate degradation and the change in stress–strain and volumetric behaviour of MHBS at different initial conditions inside the stability region.
γ-Al2O3 yolk–shell porous microspheres with superior Congo red removal performance
Authors: Wang Kun , Wu Yao , Li Neng , Cai Na-na , Huang Su-ping , Li Hai-pu , Xiao Qi
Published: September 2019

γ-Aluminum oxide (γ-Al2O3) yolk–shell meso–macroporous microspheres (AOYSs) were prepared using the glucose-assisted hydrothermal method followed by an annealing process, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller nitrogen (N2) adsorption–desorption analysis. The hierarchical AOYSs showed a high specific surface area (201 m2/g) with highly porous structures. Compared with solid and hollow microspheres, the hierarchical AOYSs showed an excellent adsorption performance toward Congo red, which can be attributed to their unique yolk–shell structures and hierarchical meso–macroporous structures with a high specific surface area. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model well represented the adsorption of Congo red on the surface of hierarchical AOYSs. This study provides a new insight into the design and synthesis of yolk–shell nanostructures, which can offer various applications, such as those in adsorption, energy storage, catalysis and sensor fields.
A physics-based routing model for modular green roof systems
Authors: Martin III William D. , Kaye Nigel B. , Mohammadi Somayeh
Published: September 2019

The ability of green roof systems to impact stormwater runoff from buildings has been covered in many research studies. However, a lot of these studies looked at long-term retention, with much less work focused on how to model a green roof's response to larger design storms. Work that has examined flow routing for individual rainfall events has focused on empirical routing models that are tuned to the specific roof being modelled. This paper presents a new physics-based model for flow routing based on the green roof module geometry and soil properties, which requires only a single discharge coefficient to be measured. The results of this model were compared with the results of a series of experiments to quantify a modular green roof system's hydraulic response to drawdown and steady rainfall.
Oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy as breast cancer risk categories
Authors: Vуsotskaya I. V. , Letyagin V. P. , Vorotnikov I. K. , Kirsanov V. U. , Gladilina I. A. , Kim E. A.
Published: September 2019

The research provided includes analysis of the current state of the problem on the use of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy. These therapeutic options were evaluated in terms of their importance for the risk of breast cancer. The possibility of using these drugs in a cohort of high-risk patients (women with family history of breast cancer) and in the group of patients with benign pathology was analyzed as well. Modern trends of menopausal hormone therapy prescription in different clinical situations were determined.
Discussion “City of Bitlis 2014 Air Pollution Emission Inventory” comments (2015; 5(2): 75-80)
Authors: AVŞAR Edip
Published: September 2019

This short not was written for the discussion of the manuscript
titled as City of  Bitlis 2014 Air
Pollution Emission Inventory. Because it has several serious concerns and all
of them discussed in the text.
Evaluation of the Children and Adolescents Taking Health Care Measure in Terms of Mental Health
Authors: OKUR Koray , AKTAŞ Uğur , KUDAY KAYKISIZ Eylem
Published: September 2019

In addition to social
problems, children are exposed to neglect and abuse in various ways due to
developmental periods or many problems in family and social relations. The
negative consequences of this abuse and neglect, affect not only one’s self but
also society, social organizations, legal systems, education system and
business areas. Therefore, it is important to know child profile which is
decided to take health care measure. In this retrospective, observational
study, data including demographic information, reasons for taking health care
measures, diagnoses after psychological evaluation and termination of the
injunction decision of children who were taken health care measure and referred
to a child adolescent mental health professional, were scanned and recorded.
The total number of children included in the study was 66. There was no
statistically significant difference in terms of gender. It is seen that the
most frequent first-reference hospital was the central hospital and the injunction
was increased every year; the most common reason was the protection of physical
and mental health; 59% of the cases were not diagnosed; 39.3% were terminated
later and the most termination reason was to be 18-year-old. The studies to be
carried out with prospective, multicentre, large patient groups are needed in
order to determine the drift rates of children by examining the health measures
and to establish the cause-effect relationship.