bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Mechanically Stable Superamphiphobic Coatings via Combining Phase Separation of Adhesive and Fluorinated SiO2 for Anti-Icing
Authors: Wei Jinfei , Liang Weidong , Zhang Junping
Published: June 2023

Superamphiphobic coatings have widespread application potential in various fields, e.g., anti-icing, anti-corrosion and self-cleaning, but are seriously limited by poor mechanical stability. Here, mechanically stable superamphiphobic coatings were fabricated by spraying the suspension composed of phase-separated silicone-modified polyester (SPET) adhesive microspheres with fluorinated silica (FD-POS@SiO2) on them. The effects of non-solvent and SPET adhesive contents on the superamphiphobicity and mechanical stability of the coatings were studied. Due to the phase separation of SPET and the FD-POS@SiO2 nanoparticles, the coatings present a multi-scale micro-/nanostructure. Combined with the FD-POS@SiO2 nanoparticles of low surface energy, the coatings present outstanding static and dynamic superamphiphobicity. Meanwhile, the coatings present outstanding mechanical stability due to the adhesion effect of SPET. In addition, the coatings present outstanding chemical and thermal stability. Moreover, the coatings can obviously delay the water freezing time and decrease the icing adhesion strength. We trust that the superamphiphobic coatings have widespread application potential in the anti-icing field.
Recent Progress on Ligand-Protected Metal Nanoclusters in Photocatalysis
Authors: Mathew Meegle S. , Krishnan Greeshma , Mathews Amita Aanne , Sunil Kevin , Mathew Leo , Antoine Rodolphe , Thomas Sabu
Published: June 2023

The reckless use of non-replenishable fuels by the growing population for energy and the resultant incessant emissions of hazardous gases and waste products into the atmosphere have insisted that scientists fabricate materials capable of managing these global threats at once. In recent studies, photocatalysis has been employed to focus on utilizing renewable solar energy to initiate chemical processes with the aid of semiconductors and highly selective catalysts. A wide range of nanoparticles has showcased promising photocatalytic properties. Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) with sizes below 2 nm, stabilized by ligands, show discrete energy levels and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties, which are vital to photocatalysis. In this review, we intend to compile information on the synthesis, true nature, and stability of the MNCs decorated with ligands and the varying photocatalytic efficiency of metal NCs concerning changes in the aforementioned domains. The review discusses the photocatalytic activity of atomically precise ligand-protected MNCs and their hybrids in the domain of energy conversion processes such as the photodegradation of dyes, the oxygen evolution reaction (ORR), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).
Developmental Changes in Hypothalamic and Serum Oxytocin Levels in Prenatally Normally Nourished and Undernourished Rats
Authors: Imaizumi Junki , Kamada Shuhei , Taniguchi Miyu , Sugimoto Tatsuro , Maeda Takaaki , Arakaki Ryosuke , Yamamoto Shota , Shirakawa Aya , Mineda Ayuka , Yoshida Atsuko , Iwasa Takeshi , Kaji Takashi
Published: June 2023

Changes in the activities of some metabolic factors have been suggested to increase the risk of conditions associated with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). We examined changes in oxytocin (OT), a metabolic factor, and OT receptor (OTR) mRNA levels throughout the developmental period in rats of intrauterine undernutrition. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: a maternal normal nutrition (mNN) and maternal undernutrition (mUN) group. Serum OT concentrations and hypothalamic mRNA levels of OT and OTR were measured in both offspring at various postnatal stages. Both offspring showed significant increases in serum OT concentrations during the neonatal period, significant reductions around the pubertal period, and significant increases in adulthood. Hypothalamic OT mRNA expression levels gradually increased from the neonatal to pubertal period and decreased in adulthood in both offspring. In the pre-weaning period, hypothalamic OT mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the mUN offspring than in the mNN offspring. In the mUN offspring, hypothalamic OTR mRNA expression levels transiently increased during the neonatal period, decreased around the pubertal period, and increased again in adulthood, whereas transient changes were not detected in mNN offspring. These changes could affect nutritional and metabolic regulation systems in later life and play a role in the mechanisms underlying DOHaD.
The Gliadin Hydrolysis Capacity of B. longum, L. acidophilus, and L. plantarum and Their Protective Effects on Caco-2 Cells against Gliadin-Induced Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Ramedani Najmeh , Seidita Aurelio , Asri Nastaran , Azimirad Masoumeh , Yadegar Abbas , Jahani-Sherafat Somayeh , Sharifan Anousheh , Mansueto Pasquale , Carroccio Antonio , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Background: Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a poorly understood gluten-related disorder (GRD) and its prominent symptoms can be ameliorated by gluten avoidance. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a probiotic mixture in hydrolyzing gliadin peptides (toxic components of gluten) and suppressing gliadin-induced inflammatory responses in Caco-2 cells. Methods: Wheat dough was fermented with a probiotic mix for 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. The effect of the probiotic mix on gliadin degradation was monitored by SDS-PAGE. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-17A, INF-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β were evaluated using ELISA and qRT-PCR methods. Results: According to our findings, fermenting wheat dough with a mix of B. longum, L. acidophilus, and L. plantarum for 6 h was effective in gliadin degradation. This process also reduced levels of IL-6 (p = 0.004), IL-17A (p = 0.004), and IFN-γ (p = 0.01) mRNA, as well as decreased IL-6 (p = 0.006) and IFN-γ (p = 0.0009) protein secretion. 4 h fermentation led to a significant decrease in IL-17A (p = 0.001) and IFN-γ (p = 0.003) mRNA, as well as reduced levels of IL-6 (p = 0.002) and IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) protein secretion. This process was also observed to increase the expression levels of IL-10 (p < 0.0001) and TGF-β (p < 0.0001) mRNA. Conclusions: 4 h fermentation of wheat flour with the proposed probiotic mix might be a good strategy to develop an affordable gluten-free wheat dough for NCWS and probably other GRD patients.
The Role of Selected Dietary Factors in the Development and Course of Endometriosis
Authors: Markowska Anna , Antoszczak Michał , Markowska Janina , Huczyński Adam
Published: June 2023

Endometriosis is a chronic disease with a complex, heterogeneous pathogenesis that affects about 10% of women of reproductive age, causing pain and leading to infertility. Treatment consists of administering pharmacological agents (resulting in a reduction of estrogen levels and inflammation), as well as the surgical removal of endometriotic lesions. Unfortunately, despite a wide range of available therapies, there is still a high recurrence rate after surgery. Consequently, it is necessary to improve the outcome of patients with endometriosis. In this context, there is growing interest in possible dietary modification to support or complement classic treatment options and even serve as a potential alternative to hormone therapy. In addition, a growing number of studies indicate positive effects of selected dietary factors on the development and course of endometriosis. This review article focuses on the potentially beneficial effects of compounds from the polyphenol group (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol), vitamins, and selected micronutrients on endometriosis. The results indicate the potential of the selected ingredients in fighting the disease. However, most of the studies have been performed on experimental animal models, with a smaller proportion looking at the actual effects of use among women. Therefore, well-designed studies are needed to assess the importance of a well-chosen diet and the effects of specific dietary factors on the health of women suffering from endometriosis.
Combination of Panax ginseng and Diospyros kaki Leaf Inhibits White Adipocyte Differentiation and Browning Process through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Lee Hwa-Young , Lee Geum-Hwa , Kim Hwa-Jin , Lim Young Jae , Ko Bo Mi , Kim Do-Sung , Kim Tae Won , Kim Hye Kyung , Kim Tae Young , Hwang Dae Il , Choi Ha Kyoung , Ju Seon Min , Min Kyung Hyun , Chae Han-Jung
Published: June 2023

Activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is a prospective obesity treatment method. Dietary components derived from plants are the most effective approach to activate BAT and promote WAT browning in rodents. This study investigated the synergistic effects of Panax ginseng (PG) and Diospyros kaki leaf (DKL) extract on adipocyte differentiation and browning, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying their beneficial effects. The administration of PG and DKL to HFD-induced obese mice significantly decreased body weight and epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue mass. In in vitro, PG inhibited the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the expression of key adipogenic regulators, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α. In contrast, DKL negligibly influenced the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes but greatly increased the protein expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and PPARα in BAT and/or WAT. Moreover, PG and DKL inhibited adipogenesis synergistically and activated white adipocyte browning via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. These results suggest that a combination of PG and DKL regulates adipogenesis in white adipocytes and browning in brown adipocytes by activating AMPK/SIRT1 axis. The potential use of PG and DKL may represent an important strategy in obesity management that will be safer and more effective.
Organoids Are Us
Authors: Vincan Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

“Organoids Are Us” is an annual one-day symposium organised to highlight the advances in science and medicine that are the direct result of organoid technology [...]
Upregulation of Neuropilin-1 Inhibits HTLV-1 Infection
Authors: Kendle Wesley , Hoang Kimson , Korleski Erica , Panfil Amanda R. , Polakowski Nicholas , Lemasson Isabelle
Published: June 2023

Infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can produce a spectrum of pathological effects ranging from inflammatory disorders to leukemia. In vivo, HTLV-1 predominantly infects CD4+ T-cells. Infectious spread within this population involves the transfer of HTLV-1 virus particles from infected cells to target cells only upon cell-to-cell contact. The viral protein, HBZ, was found to enhance HTLV-1 infection through transcriptional activation of ICAM1 and MYOF, two genes that facilitate viral infection. In this study, we found that HBZ upregulates the transcription of COL4A1, GEM, and NRP1. COL4A1 and GEM are genes involved in viral infection, while NRP1, which encodes neuropilin 1 (Nrp1), serves as an HTLV-1 receptor on target cells but has no reported function on HTLV-1-infected cells. With a focus on Nrp1, cumulative results from chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and analyses of HBZ mutants support a model in which HBZ upregulates NRP1 transcription by augmenting recruitment of Jun proteins to an enhancer downstream of the gene. Results from in vitro infection assays demonstrate that Nrp1 expressed on HTLV-1-infected cells inhibits viral infection. Nrp1 was found to be incorporated into HTLV-1 virions, and deletion of its ectodomain removed the inhibitory effect. These results suggest that inhibition of HTLV-1 infection by Nrp1 is caused by the ectodomain of Nrp1 extended from virus particles, which may inhibit the binding of virus particles to target cells. While HBZ has been found to enhance HTLV-1 infection using cell-based models, there may be certain circumstances in which activation of Nrp1 expression negatively impacts viral infection, which is discussed.
The Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Was Significantly Associated with Compositional Patterns of Orointestinal Axis Microbiota
Authors: Tawfik Sally Ali , Azab Marwa , Ramadan Mohammed , Shabayek Sarah , Abdellah Ali , Al Thagfan Sultan S. , Salah Mohammed
Published: June 2023

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is significantly linked to various diseases that seriously impact human health, such as gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The compositional shifts in bacterial communities of the orointestinal axis were surveyed pre/post-eradication of H. pylori. In total, 60 samples, including stool and salivary specimens, were collected from 15 H. pylori-positive individuals (HPP) before beginning and 2 months after receiving the eradication therapy. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using MiSeq. Results: Overall, oral microbiomes were collectively more diverse than the gut microbiomes (Kruskal–Wallis; p = 3.69 × 10−5). Notably, the eradication of H. pylori was associated with a significant reduction in the bacterial diversity along the orointestinal axis (Wilcoxon rank sum test; p = 6.38 × 10−3). Interestingly, the oral microbiome of HPP showed a positive correlation between Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, in addition to a significant predominance of Streptococcus, in addition to Eubacterium_eligens, Haemophilus, Ruminococcaceae, Actinomyces and Staphylococcus. On the other hand, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, Catenibacterium, Neisseria and Prevotella were significantly enriched upon eradication of H. pylori. Generally, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria positively coexisted during H. pylori infection along the orointestinal axis (r = 0.67; p = 0.0006). The eradication of H. pylori was positively linked to two distinctive orotypes (O3 and O4). Orotype O4 was characterized by a robust abundance of Veillonella and Fusobacteria. The gut microbiomes during H. pylori infection showed a remarkable predominance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Escherichia_Shigella. Likewise, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium were significantly enriched upon eradication of H. pylori. Conclusions: Finally, the impact of eradication therapy clearly existed on the representation of certain genera, especially in the oral microbiome, which requires particular concern in order to counteract and limit their subsequent threats.
Growth of V. parahaemolyticus in Tropical Blacklip Rock Oysters
Authors: Padovan Anna C. , Turnbull Alison R. , Nowland Samantha J. , Osborne Matthew W. J. , Kaestli Mirjam , Seymour Justin R. , Gibb Karen S.
Published: June 2023

The opportunistic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a significant food safety risk worldwide, and understanding its growth in commercially cultivated oysters, especially at temperatures likely to be encountered post-harvest, provides essential information to provide the safe supply of oysters. The Blacklip Rock Oyster (BRO) is an emerging commercial species in tropical northern Australia and as a warm water species, it is potentially exposed to Vibrio spp. In order to determine the growth characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in BRO post-harvest, four V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from oysters were injected into BROs and the level of V. parahaemolyticus was measured at different time points in oysters stored at four temperatures. Estimated growth rates were −0.001, 0.003, 0.032, and 0.047 log10 CFU/h at 4 °C, 13 °C, 18 °C, and 25 °C, respectively. The highest maximum population density of 5.31 log10 CFU/g was achieved at 18 °C after 116 h. There was no growth of V. parahaemolyticus at 4 °C, slow growth at 13 °C, but notably, growth occurred at 18 °C and 25 °C. Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth at 18 °C and 25 °C was not significantly different from each other but were significantly higher than at 13 °C (polynomial GLM model, interaction terms between time and temperature groups p < 0.05). Results support the safe storage of BROs at both 4 °C and 13 °C. This V. parahaemolyticus growth data will inform regulators and assist the Australian oyster industry to develop guidelines for BRO storage and transport to maximise product quality and safety.
Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral Strain and Omicron BA.1 Subvariant in Dogs and Cats in Mexico
Authors: Dehesa-Canseco Freddy , Pastrana-Unzueta Roxana , Carrillo-Guzmán Nadia , Liljehult-Fuentes Francisco , Pérez-De la Rosa Juan Diego , Ramírez-Mendoza Humberto , Estrada-Franco Jose Guillermo , Navarro-López Roberto , Hernández Jesús , Solís-Hernández Mario
Published: June 2023

SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects humans; however, it is important to monitor the infection of companion and wild animals as possible reservoirs of this virus. In this sense, seroprevalence studies in companion animals, such as dogs and cats, provide important information about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against the ancestral strain and the Omicron BA.1 subvariant in dogs and cats in Mexico. Six hundred and two samples were obtained from dogs (n = 574) and cats (n = 28). These samples were collected from the end of 2020 to December 2021 from different regions of Mexico. The presence of nAbs was evaluated using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The results showed that 14.2% of cats and 1.5% of dogs presented nAbs against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of nAbs against Omicron BA.1 in cats showed the same percentage of positive animals but a reduced titer. In dogs, 1.2% showed nAbs against Omicron BA.1. These results indicate that nAbs were more frequent in cats than in dogs and that these nAbs have a lower capacity to neutralize the subvariant Omicron BA.1.
Hydrogen Attenuates Inflammation by Inducing Early M2 Macrophage Polarization in Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Cai Zisong , Zhang Xujuan , Liu Mengyu , Xie Fei , Liu Ziyi , Lu Shidong , Ma Xuemei
Published: June 2023

The heterogeneous and highly plastic cell populations of macrophages are important mediators of cellular responses during all stages of wound healing, especially in the inflammatory stage. Molecular hydrogen (H2), which has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, has been shown to promote M2 polarization in injury and disease. However, more in vivo time series studies of the role of M1-to-M2 polarization in wound healing are needed. In the current study, we performed time series experiments on a dorsal full-thickness skin defect mouse model in the inflammatory stage to examine the effects of H2 inhalation. Our results revealed that H2 could promote very early M1-to-M2 polarization (on days 2–3 post wounding, 2–3 days earlier than in conventional wound healing), without disturbing the functions of the M1 phenotype. Time series analysis of the transcriptome, blood cell counts, and multiple cytokines further indicated that peripheral blood monocytes were a source of H2-induced M2 macrophages and that the functions of H2 in macrophage polarization were not only dependent on its antioxidant effects. Therefore, we believe that H2 could reduce inflammation in wound care by shifting early macrophage polarization in clinical settings.
Characterization of the Antimicrobial Activities of Trichoplusia ni Cecropin A as a High-Potency Therapeutic against Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Lee Hyeju , Kim Byeongkwon , Kim Minju , Yoo Seoyeong , Lee Jinkyeong , Hwang Eunha , Kim Yangmee
Published: June 2023

The spread of colistin-resistant bacteria is a serious threat to public health. As an alternative to traditional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promise against multidrug resistance. In this study, we investigated the activity of the insect AMP Tricoplusia ni cecropin A (T. ni cecropin) against colistin-resistant bacteria. T. ni cecropin exhibited significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (ColREC) with low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells in vitro. Results of permeabilization of the ColREC outer membrane as monitored through 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine uptake, scanning electron microscopy, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) neutralization, and LPS-binding interaction revealed that T. ni cecropin manifested antibacterial activity by targeting the outer membrane of E. coli with strong interaction with LPS. T. ni cecropin specifically targeted toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and showed anti-inflammatory activities with a significant reduction of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages stimulated with either LPS or ColREC via blockade of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Moreover, T. ni cecropin exhibited anti-septic effects in an LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model, confirming its LPS-neutralizing activity, immunosuppressive effect, and recovery of organ damage in vivo. These findings demonstrate that T. ni cecropin exerts strong antimicrobial activities against ColREC and could serve as a foundation for the development of AMP therapeutics.
Antibiotic De-Escalation in Critically Ill Patients with Negative Clinical Cultures
Authors: Roper Spencer , Wingler Mary Joyce B. , Cretella David A.
Published: June 2023

(1) Background: Antibiotics are received by a majority of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Guidelines recommend antibiotic de-escalation (ADE) when culture results are available; however, there is less guidance for patients with negative cultures. The purpose of this study was in investigate ADE rates in an ICU population with negative clinical cultures. (2) Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study evaluated ICU patients who received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The definition of de-escalation was antibiotic discontinuation or narrowing of the spectrum within 72 h of initiation. The outcomes evaluated included the rate of antibiotic de-escalation, mortality, rates of antimicrobial escalation, AKI incidence, new hospital acquired infections, and lengths of stay. (3) Results: Of the 173 patients included, 38 (22%) underwent pivotal ADE within 72 h, and 82 (47%) had companion antibiotics de-escalated. Notable differences in patient outcomes included shorter durations of therapy (p = 0.003), length of stay (p < 0.001), and incidence of AKI (p = 0.031) in those that underwent pivotal ADE; no difference in mortality was found. (4) Conclusions: The results from this study show the feasibility of ADE in patients with negative clinical cultures without a negative impact on the outcomes. However, further investigation is needed to determine its effect on the development of resistance and adverse effects.
Light in Orthodontics: Applications of High-Intensity Lasers, Photobiomodulation, and Antimicrobial Photodymanic Therapies in Daily Practice
Authors: Dantas Caroline Maria Gomes , Vivan Carolina Lapaz , Dominguez Gladys Cristina , de Fantini Solange Mongelli , de Freitas Patricia Moreira
Published: June 2023

Orthodontics is constantly seeking innovation towards mechanical efficiency and better oral-related quality of life during treatment. This narrative review aims to discuss novel scientific reports about light therapies and how they can optimize different stages of orthodontic intervention: before, during, and after treatment. Recurrent conditions that can be treated with laser devices are the removal of carious tissue, dentin hypersensitivity, and temporomandibular disorders. Evidence reveals that laser procedures accelerate health recovery, enabling individuals to initiate orthodontic treatment. Along orthodontic procedure, photobiomodulation therapy, is indicated for analgesia after appliance activations, repair of traumatic ulcers, and acceleration of tooth movement. Moreover, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is well-indicated for effective decontamination of oral infections such as herpetic lesions and peri-implantitis. Finally, high-intensity lasers are good allies in removing brackets and reconditioning red esthetics. There are many benefits to the use of light sources in the orthodontic routine: simplicity of technique, ease of handling devices, minimal invasiveness, and patient comfort during procedures. It is essential that professionals develop a critical overview of technological advances, offering safe and evidence-based therapies. Recent advances indicate that laser therapies improve patient experiences during orthodontic treatment and minimize the side effects of clinical interventions.
Hybrid Vitis Cultivars with American or Asian Ancestries Show Higher Tolerance towards Grapevine Trunk Diseases
Authors: Csótó András , Nagy Antal , Laurinyecz Nóra , Nagy Zóra Annamária , Németh Csaba , Németh Erzsébet Krisztina , Csikász-Krizsics Anna , Rakonczás Nándor , Fontaine Florence , Fekete Erzsébet , Flipphi Michel , Karaffa Levente , Sándor Erzsébet
Published: June 2023

Grape production worldwide is increasingly threatened by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). No grapevine cultivar is known to be entirely resistant to GTDs, but susceptibility varies greatly. To quantify these differences, four Hungarian grape germplasm collections containing 305 different cultivars were surveyed to determine the ratios of GTDs based on symptom expression and the proportion of plant loss within all GTD symptoms. The cultivars of monophyletic Vitis vinifera L. origin were amongst the most sensitive ones, and their sensitivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of the interspecific (hybrid) cultivars assessed, which are defined by the presence of Vitis species other than V. vinifera (e.g., V. labrusca L., V. rupestris Scheele, and V. amurensis Rupr.) in their pedigree. We conclude that the ancestral diversity of grapes confers a higher degree of resilience against GTDs.
Functional Differences of Grapevine Circular RNA Vv-circPTCD1 in Arabidopsis and Grapevine Callus under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Ren Yi , Li Junpeng , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Zhen , Song Yue , Fan Dongying , Liu Minying , Zhang Lipeng , Xu Yuanyuan , Guo Dinghan , He Juan , Song Shiren , Gao Zhen , Ma Chao
Published: June 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve as covalently closed single-stranded RNAs and have been proposed to influence plant development and stress resistance. Grapevine is one of the most economically valuable fruit crops cultivated worldwide and is threatened by various abiotic stresses. Herein, we reported that a circRNA (Vv-circPTCD1) processed from the second exon of the pentatricopeptide repeat family gene PTCD1 was preferentially expressed in leaves and responded to salt and drought but not heat stress in grapevine. Additionally, the second exon sequence of PTCD1 was highly conserved, but the biogenesis of Vv-circPTCD1 is species-dependent in plants. It was further found that the overexpressed Vv-circPTCD1 can slightly decrease the abundance of the cognate host gene, and the neighboring genes are barely affected in the grapevine callus. Furthermore, we also successfully overexpressed the Vv-circPTCD1 and found that the Vv-circPTCD1 deteriorated the growth during heat, salt, and drought stresses in Arabidopsis. However, the biological effects on grapevine callus were not always consistent with those of Arabidopsis. Interestingly, we found that the transgenic plants of linear counterpart sequence also conferred the same phenotypes as those of circRNA during the three stress conditions, no matter what species it is. Those results imply that although the sequences are conserved, the biogenesis and functions of Vv-circPTCD1 are species-dependent. Our results indicate that the plant circRNA function investigation should be conducted in homologous species, which supports a valuable reference for further plant circRNA studies.
Aluminum-Immobilizing Rhizobacteria Modulate Root Exudation and Nutrient Uptake and Increase Aluminum Tolerance of Pea Mutant E107 (brz)
Authors: Belimov Andrey A. , Shaposhnikov Alexander I. , Azarova Tatiana S. , Yuzikhin Oleg S. , Sekste Edgar A. , Safronova Vera I. , Tikhonovich Igor A.
Published: June 2023

It is well known that plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses; however, the counteraction of Al toxicity has received little attention. The effects of specially selected Al-tolerant and Al-immobilizing microorganisms were investigated using pea cultivar Sparkle and its Al-sensitive mutant E107 (brz). The strain Cupriavidus sp. D39 was the most-efficient in the growth promotion of hydroponically grown peas treated with 80 µM AlCl3, increasing the plant biomass of Sparkle by 20% and of E107 (brz) by two-times. This strain immobilized Al in the nutrient solution and decreased its concentration in E107 (brz) roots. The mutant showed upregulated exudation of organic acids, amino acids, and sugars in the absence or presence of Al as compared with Sparkle, and in most cases, the Al treatment stimulated exudation. Bacteria utilized root exudates and more actively colonized the root surface of E107 (brz). The exudation of tryptophan and the production of IAA by Cupriavidus sp. D39 in the root zone of the Al-treated mutant were observed. Aluminum disturbed the concentrations of nutrients in plants, but inoculation with Cupriavidus sp. D39 partially restored such negative effects. Thus, the E107 (brz) mutant is a useful tool for studying the mechanisms of plant–microbe interactions, and PGPR plays an important role in protecting plants against Al toxicity.
Optimization of Paenibacillus sp. NMA1017 Application as a Biocontrol Agent for Phytophthora tropicalis and Moniliophthora roreri in Cacao-Growing Fields in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Gómez-de la Cruz Irene , Chávez-Ramírez Belén , Avendaño-Arrazate Carlos Hugo , Morales-García Yolanda Elizabeth , Muñoz-Rojas Jesús , Estrada-de los Santos Paulina
Published: June 2023

In Mexico, cacao production is endangered by pathogenic fungi, such as Phytophthora spp. and Moniliophthora rorei, that cause black pod rot and moniliasis, respectively. In this study the biocontrol agent Paenibacillus sp. NMA1017 was tested in cacao fields against the previous diseases. The treatments applied were shade management, inoculation of the bacterial strain with or without an adherent, and use of chemical control. The statistical analysis showed that the incidence of black pod rot in tagged cacao trees diminished when the bacterium was applied (reduction of 44.24 to 19.11%). The same result was observed with moniliasis when the pods were tagged (reduction of 66.6 to 27%). The use of Paenibacillus sp. NMA1017 with an integrated management might be a solution to cacao diseases and to having a sustainable production of cacao in Mexico.
Inducing the Production of Secondary Metabolites by Foliar Application of Methyl Jasmonate in Peppermint
Authors: Kandoudi Wafae , Tavaszi-Sárosi Szilvia , Németh-Zámboriné Eva
Published: June 2023

Mentha x piperita is a major source of secondary metabolites (SMs), and developing tools to enhance these compounds would be beneficial to meet the increasing demand in the industry. Elicitation by plant hormones became a new strategy to reach this goal. Three experiments in a climatic chamber and two experiments in an open field were conducted with peppermint to explore the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) on the essential oil (EO) content, EO composition, and the total phenolic content (TPC). The treatment was applied for all experiments by spraying the aerial parts of the plants with a dosage of 2 mM MeJa twice. The treatment influenced all the parameters studied in the trials. The volatile content increased by 9–35%; however, in one trial it remained unchanged. The treatment also affected the main compounds of the EO. Menthone increased significantly in two trials while pulegone and menthofuran decreased. In the case of menthol, the change may also be influenced by the phenological and developmental stages of the plants. In the majority of cases, the TPC was also elevated considerably due to the treatments. MeJa treatments may have promising effects in influencing the accumulation of biologically active compounds and the quality of the drug; therefore, further systematic studies are needed to optimize the technology in vivo.
Distribution Patterns and Determinants of Invasive Alien Plants in China
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Yanjing , Liu Wei , Wang Chenbin , Ma Fangzhou , Xu Haigen
Published: June 2023

In recent years, invasive alien plants (IAPs) have caused serious ecological disasters and economic losses in China. This study combined three IAP species richness-related indices (species richness of IAPs, first records of IAPs, and the relative species richness of IAPs), as well as indices reflecting distribution and dispersal patterns (average similarity coefficient of IAPs) and invasiveness (average risk score of IAPs), to conduct an integrated regional-invasion risk assessment based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was conducted to explore the explanatory power of 12 environmental and anthropogenic factors on different invasion indices. The results indicated that coastal provinces and Yunnan had high IAP introduction risk, as well as high synthetic-risk scores. The dispersal of IAPs in mid-latitude provinces should be particularly prevented. For species richness of IAPs, more environmental factors with variable importance for the project (VIP) values higher than 1 were retained in the optimal model, reflecting the importance of environmental filtering on IAPs. Visitors were the most important predictor for first records of IAPs. Compared to species richness (R2 = 79.5%), first records were difficult to predict (R2 = 60.4%) and were influenced by anthropogenic factors. There was spatial distribution congruence of various families of IAPs. Generally, the correlations of the residuals of species richness were still significant, with 0.421 (p < 0.05) as the lowest Pearson correlation coefficient, which indicated that external factors could not fully explain the spatial distribution congruence. These findings could enrich the relevant research on IAP invasion mechanisms and provide suggestions for regional IAP detection and response.
Agromorphological and Physiological Performance of Ethiopian Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes under Different Agroecological Conditions
Authors: Tigist Shiferaw Girsil , Sibiya Julia , Amelework Assefa , Keneni Gemechu
Published: June 2023

The objectives of this study were to assess the agronomic performance of common bean genotypes, previously selected for their response to infestation, by Mexican bean weevil and to identify promising lines that can be used as parents in a downstream breeding program. Field experiments were conducted using 144 genotypes under three different agro-ecologies in an unbalanced incomplete block design with three replications. Data on 15 agro-morphological traits were collected, and multivariate methods were used to examine the patterns of variation among the genotypes. The genotypes revealed a high level of phenotypic diversity for all agronomic traits. Six principal components, which contributed 84% of the total variation among the genotypes, were identified. The 15 agro-morphological traits classified the genotypes into three distinct major clusters and sub-clusters. The clustering patterns of the genotypes were according to the seed size, whereby the small and medium beans were distinctly separated from the large-seeded beans. The study established the existence of considerable genetic variations among common bean genotypes. Unique genotypes, such as Nasir, Awash Melka, and RAZ-36 from Cluster I, RAZ-2, RAZ-11, and RAZ-42 from Cluster II, and SER-125, SCR-15, MAZ-200, MAZ-203, and RAZ-120 from Cluster III, were selected based on their distinct agronomic performance. The selected genotypes could be useful for the common bean breeding program.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Seed Morphology Traits in Senegalese Sorghum Cultivars
Authors: Ahn Ezekiel , Botkin Jacob , Ellur Vishnutej , Lee Yoonjung , Poudel Kabita , Prom Louis K. , Magill Clint
Published: June 2023

Sorghum is considered the fifth most important crop in the world. Despite the potential value of Senegalese germplasm for various traits, such as resistance to fungal diseases, there is limited information on the study of sorghum seed morphology. In this study, 162 Senegalese germplasms were evaluated for seed area size, length, width, length-to-width ratio, perimeter, circularity, the distance between the intersection of length & width (IS) and center of gravity (CG), and seed darkness and brightness by scanning and analyzing morphology-related traits with SmartGrain software at the USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit. Correlations between seed morphology-related traits and traits associated with anthracnose and head smut resistance were analyzed. Lastly, genome-wide association studies were performed on phenotypic data collected from over 16,000 seeds and 193,727 publicly available single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Several significant SNPs were found and mapped to the reference sorghum genome to uncover multiple candidate genes potentially associated with seed morphology. The results indicate clear correlations among seed morphology-related traits and potential associations between seed morphology and the defense response of sorghum. GWAS analysis listed candidate genes associated with seed morphologies that can be used for sorghum breeding in the future.
Studies of the Variability of Biologically Active Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Organically, Biodynamically, and Naturally Grown and Fermented Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub) Leaves
Authors: Lasinskas Marius , Jariene Elvyra , Kulaitiene Jurgita , Vaitkeviciene Nijole , Jakiene Erika , Skiba Dominika , Hallmann Ewelina
Published: June 2023

With the growing global demand for organically and biodynamically grown fireweeds, little research is being conducted on them, and little is known about how the different growing systems and the process of solid-phase fermentation changes biologically active substances and antioxidant activity. Our experiment was conducted in 2022 in Jonava district, Safarkos village, Giedres Nacevicienes organic farm (No. SER-T-19-00910, Lithuania, 55°00′22″ N 24°12′22″ E). This study aimed to investigate the influence of various growing systems (natural, organic, and biodynamic) and technological parameters (different duration: 24, 48 and 72 h) of aerobic solid-phase fermentation on the change of flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls as well as the spectrophotometric method for antioxidant activity determinations were used. The results of the study showed that different growing systems (natural, organic, and biodynamic) and solid-phase fermentation had a significant effect on the quantitative composition of biologically active substances in the leaves of the fireweeds. According to these data, it would be possible to recommend fermented fireweed leaves grown organically as a source of polyphenols (especially: phenolic acids and flavonoids), leaves grown biodynamically as a source of carotenoids (exceptionally: lutein and beta-carotene) and chlorophyll, and leaves grown naturally for better antioxidant activity.
Reflectance Spectroscopy for the Classification and Prediction of Pigments in Agronomic Crops
Authors: Falcioni Renan , Antunes Werner Camargos , Demattê José Alexandre M. , Nanni Marcos Rafael
Published: June 2023

Reflectance spectroscopy, in combination with machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, is an effective method for classifying and predicting pigments and phenotyping in agronomic crops. This study aims to use hyperspectral data to develop a robust and precise method for the simultaneous evaluation of pigments, such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, in six agronomic crops: corn, sugarcane, coffee, canola, wheat, and tobacco. Our results demonstrate high classification accuracy and precision, with principal component analyses (PCAs)-linked clustering and a kappa coefficient analysis yielding results ranging from 92 to 100% in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) to near-infrared (NIR) to shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. Predictive models based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) achieved R2 values ranging from 0.77 to 0.89 and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) values over 2.1 for each pigment in C3 and C4 plants. The integration of pigment phenotyping methods with fifteen vegetation indices further improved accuracy, achieving values ranging from 60 to 100% across different full or range wavelength bands. The most responsive wavelengths were selected based on a cluster heatmap, β-loadings, weighted coefficients, and hyperspectral vegetation index (HVI) algorithms, thereby reinforcing the effectiveness of the generated models. Consequently, hyperspectral reflectance can serve as a rapid, precise, and accurate tool for evaluating agronomic crops, offering a promising alternative for monitoring and classification in integrated farming systems and traditional field production. It provides a non-destructive technique for the simultaneous evaluation of pigments in the most important agronomic plants.
Improving Boron and Molybdenum Use Efficiencies in Contrasting Cultivars of Subirrigated Greenhouse-Grown Pot Chrysanthemums
Authors: Teeter-Wood Katherine R. , Flaherty Edward J. , Donetz Alyna J. , Hoover Gordon J. , MacDonald William N. , Wolyn David J. , Shelp Barry J.
Published: June 2023

Fertilizer boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) were provided to contrasting cultivars of subirrigated pot chrysanthemums at approximately 6–100% of current industry standards in an otherwise balanced nutrient solution during vegetative growth, and then all nutrients were removed during reproductive growth. Two experiments were conducted for each nutrient in a naturally lit greenhouse using a randomized complete block split-plot design. Boron (0.313–5.00 µmol L−1) or Mo (0.031–0.500 µmol L−1) was the main plot, and cultivar was the sub-plot. Petal quilling was observed with leaf-B of 11.3–19.4 mg kg−1 dry mass (DM), whereas Mo deficiency was not observed with leaf-Mo of 1.0–3.7 mg kg−1 DM. Optimized supplies resulted in leaf tissue levels of 48.8–72.5 mg B kg−1 DM and 1.9–4.8 mg Mo kg−1 DM. Boron uptake efficiency was more important than B utilization efficiency in sustaining plant/inflorescence growth with decreasing B supply, whereas Mo uptake and utilization efficiencies appeared to have similar importance in sustaining plant/inflorescence growth with decreasing Mo supply. This research contributes to the development of a sustainable low-input nutrient delivery strategy for floricultural operations, wherein nutrient supply is interrupted during reproductive growth and optimized during vegetative growth.
Overcoming the Challenges of Phytochemicals in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy: The Path Forward
Authors: Alaouna Mohammed , Penny Clement , Hull Rodney , Molefi Thulo , Chauke-Malinga Nkhensani , Khanyile Richard , Makgoka Malose , Bida Meshack , Dlamini Zodwa
Published: June 2023

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptor expression. TNBC is thought to be produced by Wnt, Notch, TGF-beta, and VEGF pathway activation, which leads to cell invasion and metastasis. To address this, the use of phytochemicals as a therapeutic option for TNBC has been researched. Plants contain natural compounds known as phytochemicals. Curcumin, resveratrol, and EGCG are phytochemicals that have been found to inhibit the pathways that cause TNBC, but their limited bioavailability and lack of clinical evidence for their use as single therapies pose challenges to the use of these phytochemical therapies. More research is required to better understand the role of phytochemicals in TNBC therapy, or to advance the development of more effective delivery mechanisms for these phytochemicals to the site where they are required. This review will discuss the promise shown by phytochemicals as a treatment option for TNBC.
3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Articular Cartilage: Biopolymers, Hydrogels, and Bioinks
Authors: Volova Larisa T. , Kotelnikov Gennadiy P. , Shishkovsky Igor , Volov Dmitriy B. , Ossina Natalya , Ryabov Nikolay A. , Komyagin Aleksey V. , Kim Yeon Ho , Alekseev Denis G.
Published: June 2023

The musculoskeletal system, consisting of bones and cartilage of various types, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, is the basis of the human body. However, many pathological conditions caused by aging, lifestyle, disease, or trauma can damage its elements and lead to severe disfunction and significant worsening in the quality of life. Due to its structure and function, articular (hyaline) cartilage is the most susceptible to damage. Articular cartilage is a non-vascular tissue with constrained self-regeneration capabilities. Additionally, treatment methods, which have proven efficacy in stopping its degradation and promoting regeneration, still do not exist. Conservative treatment and physical therapy only relieve the symptoms associated with cartilage destruction, and traditional surgical interventions to repair defects or endoprosthetics are not without serious drawbacks. Thus, articular cartilage damage remains an urgent and actual problem requiring the development of new treatment approaches. The emergence of biofabrication technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, at the end of the 20th century, allowed reconstructive interventions to get a second wind. Three-dimensional bioprinting creates volume constraints that mimic the structure and function of natural tissue due to the combinations of biomaterials, living cells, and signal molecules to create. In our case—hyaline cartilage. Several approaches to articular cartilage biofabrication have been developed to date, including the promising technology of 3D bioprinting. This review represents the main achievements of such research direction and describes the technological processes and the necessary biomaterials, cell cultures, and signal molecules. Special attention is given to the basic materials for 3D bioprinting—hydrogels and bioinks, as well as the biopolymers underlying the indicated products.
Porous Geopolymer/ZnTiO3/TiO2 Composite for Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Jaramillo-Fierro Ximena , Gaona Sneyder , Ramón John , Valarezo Eduardo
Published: June 2023

In this study, GP (geopolymer) and GTA (geopolymer/ZnTiO3/TiO2) geopolymeric materials were prepared from metakaolin (MK) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), specific surface area (SSA), and point of zero charge (PZC). The adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity of the compounds prepared in the form of pellets was determined by degradation of the methylene blue (MB) dye in batch reactors, at pH = 7.0 ± 0.2 and room temperature (20 °C). The results indicate that both compounds are highly efficient at adsorbing MB, with an average efficiency value of 98.5%. The Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo second order kinetic model provided the best fits to the experimental data for both compounds. In the MB photodegradation experiments under UVB irradiation, GTA reached an efficiency of 93%, being higher than that achieved by GP (4%). Therefore, the incorporation of ZnTiO3/TiO2 in the geopolymeric matrix allowed GTA to achieve higher overall efficiency, by combining adsorption and photocatalysis, compared to the GP compound. The results indicate that the synthesized compounds could be used for up to five consecutive cycles for the removal of MB from wastewater through adsorption and/or photocatalysis processes.